bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical evaluation and modeling of algal harvesting using dissolved air flotation
Authors: Zhang Xuezhi , Hewson John C. , Amendola Pasquale , Reynoso Monica , Sommerfeld Milton , Chen Yongsheng , Hu Qiang 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, Chlorella zofingiensis harvesting by dissolved air flotation (DAF) was critically evaluated with regard to algal concentration, culture conditions, type and dosage of coagulants, and recycle ratio. Harvesting efficiency increased with coagulant dosage and leveled off at 81%, 86%, 91%, and 87% when chitosan, Al3+, Fe3+, and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were used at dosages of 70, 180, 250, and 500 mg g−1, respectively. The DAF efficiency‐coagulant dosage relationship changed with algal culture conditions. Evaluation of the influence of the initial algal concentration and recycle ratio revealed that, under conditions typical for algal harvesting, it is possible that the number of bubbles is insufficient. A DAF algal harvesting model was developed to explain this observation by introducing mass‐based floc size distributions and a bubble limitation into the white water blanket model. The model revealed the importance of coagulation to increase floc‐bubble collision and attachment, and the preferential interaction of bubbles with larger flocs, which limited the availability of bubbles to the smaller sized flocs. The harvesting efficiencies predicted by the model agree reasonably with experimental data obtained at different Al3+ dosages, algal concentrations, and recycle ratios. Based on this modeling, critical parameters for efficient algal harvesting were identified. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2477–2485. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interventions for caregivers of someone with an eating disorder: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Hibbs Rebecca , Rhind Charlotte , Leppanen Jenni , Treasure Janet 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveA variety of interventions have been developed for caregivers of people with an eating disorder either to help them cope with the burden and distress that commonly accompanies this role or to make them more effective at providing support. The aim of the study is to perform a meta‐analysis of quantitative studies that have described the impact of these interventions on caregivers.MethodElectronic databases were searched between September 2001 and September 2013. Thirteen studies were finally selected for inclusion. Pooled effect size estimates were summarized. Meta‐regressions were used to determine whether type of intervention, team, measure used or risk of bias were effect modifiers of the relationship. We also summarized the content and form (amount of professional help) of the interventions.ResultsMost interventions produced a moderate sized reduction in carer distress and a small/moderate reduction in carer burden and expressed emotion post treatment and these changes were maintained over follow‐up.DiscussionCarer distress, burden and expressed emotion can be reduced by a variety of psychoeducational interventions and these changes are sustainable over time. The interventions themselves are easy to disseminate and deliver. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:349–361)
Two Heterometallic Ionic Compounds with Isolated [3d] and [4f] Complex Units: Field‐Induced Single‐Ion Magnet (SIM) Behavior Observed from a Mononuclear Dysprosium(III) Complex
Authors: Nayak Sanjit , Novitchi Ghenadie , Hołyńska Małgorzata , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTwo new complexes, [Fe3(μ3‐O)(inicH)6(H2O)3][Gd(NO3)6]·(NO3)4·nH2O (1) and [Fe3(μ3‐O)(inicH)6(H2O)3][Dy(NO3)5 (H2O)]·(NO3)5·n(H2O) (2) with two isolated complex moieties, were generated when isonicotinic acid was treated with iron(III) nitrate and the corresponding lanthanide(III) nitrate in water. The structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. In these compounds, the anionic lanthanide complexes are encapsulated by trinuclear [Fe3(μ3‐O)(inicH)6(H2O)3]7+ cationic cluster units, which is facilitated by hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Investigation of the magnetic properties reveals that 2 shows slow relaxation of magnetization at low magnetic field (Hdc = 1.0 kOe), with an energy barrier of 23 K originating from a single [Dy(NO3)5(H2O)]2– anion.
The formation of beaches on shore platforms in microtidal environments
Authors: Kennedy David M. , Milkins Jemima 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBeaches are common features of many rocky shorelines and can be considered to be constrained by the underlying geology. In mesotidal to macrotidal areas the slope of the substrate and sediment supply are the primary factors in constraining the size and development of beaches on shore platforms. In microtidal settings it is not known if these factors are wholly responsible for determining the presence of beaches on shore platforms, nor the contribution of other factors such as hydrodynamics. The microtidal coast of Victoria, Australia, is surveyed in this study in order to quantify the morphological boundary conditions that constrain beach development on semi‐horizontal shore platforms. An ample sediment supply indicates that the underlying geology is controlling the presence and absence of beaches. Where beaches occur they always overlie a rock ramp which is the steepest part of the platform. The two most important morphological constraints were platform width and height both of which significantly correlated with beach volume. An elevational threshold exists at just over +1.0 m where beaches cannot accumulate. Below this threshold, platform width appears to be the principle constraining factor in beach accumulation. An evolutionary model is inferred which suggests that dissipation of wave energy associated with platform widening plays an important role in allowing beaches to accumulate. The model suggests beaches on platforms will be particularly sensitive to sea level rise. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute photo-induced toxicity and toxicokinetics of single compounds and mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish
Authors: Willis Alison M. , Oris James T. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

The present study examined photo-induced toxicity and toxicokinetics for acute exposure to selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in zebrafish. Photo-enhanced toxicity from co-exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and PAHs enhanced the toxicity and exhibited toxic effects at PAH concentrations orders of magnitude below effects observed in the absence of UV. Because environmental exposure to PAHs is usually in the form of complex mixtures, the present study examined the photo-induced toxicity of both single compounds and mixtures of PAHs. In a sensitive larval life stage of zebrafish, acute photo-induced median lethal concentrations (LC50s) were derived for 4 PAHs (anthracene, pyrene, carbazole, and phenanthrene) to examine the hypothesis that phototoxic (anthracene and pyrene) and nonphototoxic (carbazole and phenanthrene) pathways of mixtures could be predicted from single exposures. Anthracene and pyrene were phototoxic as predicted; however, carbazole exhibited moderate photo-induced toxicity and phenanthrene exhibited weak photo-induced toxicity. The toxicity of each chemical alone was used to compare the toxicity of mixtures in binary, tertiary, and quaternary combinations of these PAHs, and a predictive model for environmental mixtures was generated. The results indicated that the acute toxicity of PAH mixtures was additive in phototoxic scenarios, regardless of the magnitude of photo-enhancement. Based on PAH concentrations found in water and circumstances of high UV dose to aquatic systems, there exists potential risk of photo-induced toxicity to aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2028–2037. © 2014 SETAC
Inorganic elements in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas): Relationships among external and internal tissues
Authors: Faust Derek R. , Hooper Michael J. , Cobb George P. , Barnes Melanie , Shaver Donna , Ertolacci Shauna , Smith Philip N. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Inorganic elements from anthropogenic sources have entered marine environments worldwide and are detectable in marine organisms, including sea turtles. Threatened and endangered classifications of sea turtles have heretofore made assessments of contaminant concentrations difficult because of regulatory restrictions on obtaining samples using nonlethal techniques. In the present study, claw and skin biopsy samples were examined as potential indicators of internal tissue burdens in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). Significant relationships were observed between claw and liver, and claw and muscle concentrations of mercury, nickel, arsenic, and selenium (p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, significant relationships were observed between skin biopsy concentrations and those in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues for mercury, arsenic, selenium, and vanadium (p &lt; 0.05). Concentrations of arsenic, barium, chromium, nickel, strontium, vanadium, and zinc in claws and skin biopsies were substantially elevated when compared with all other tissues, indicating that these highly keratinized tissues may represent sequestration or excretion pathways. Correlations between standard carapace length and cobalt, lead, and manganese concentrations were observed (p &lt; 0.05), indicating that tissue concentrations of these elements may be related to age and size. Results suggest that claws may indeed be useful indicators of mercury and nickel concentrations in liver and muscle tissues, whereas skin biopsy inorganic element concentrations may be better suited as indicators of mercury, selenium, and vanadium concentrations in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues of green sea turtles. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2020–2027. © 2014 SETAC
Focal bird species and risk assessment approach for nonagricultural grassland scenarios in Central Europe
Authors: Schabacker Jens , Gerlach Jochen , Münderle Marcel , Dietzen Christian , Ludwigs Jan-Dieter 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guideline on risk assessment identifies pesticide exposure scenarios for nontarget wildlife; however, this scheme is not applicable to nonagricultural grassland. For example, different habitats and human utilization on golf courses attract bird communities that differ from those found in agricultural fields with annual crop cycles. The present study determined focal bird species for amenity grasslands such as golf courses following the EFSA guideline. Based on published data and bird surveys, a total of 102 species were found on 13 golf courses in Central Europe. Approximately 58% of the species were recorded on &gt;20% of the golf course and were classified as focal species candidates. Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), common linnet (Carduelis cannabina), wood pigeon (Columba palumbus), yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella), white wagtail (Motacilla alba), and gray heron (Ardea cinerea) are the most adequate candidate focal species for exposure scenarios of carnivorous, granivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous, insectivorous, and piscivorous birds, respectively. Candidate species were verified on 3 golf courses in southwestern Germany in spring 2012. Observations on feeding behavior identified the main foraging areas of focal species. The results of the field work combined with data from the literature identified reliable exposure scenarios to assess the risk of pesticides to birds found on golf courses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2055–2061. © 2014 SETAC
Mercury bioaccumulation in dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera): Examination of life stages and body regions
Authors: Buckland-Nicks Amy , Hillier Kirk Neil , Avery Trevor S. , O'Driscoll Nelson J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) are an important component of both aquatic and terrestrial food webs and are vectors for methylmercury (MeHg) biomagnification. Variations in mercury content with life stage and body regions may affect the relative transfer of mercury to aquatic or terrestrial food webs; however, there has been little research on this subject. Also, little is known about mercury bioaccumulation in different body regions of dragonflies. To address these knowledge gaps, dragonfly naiads, adults, and exuviae were collected at 2 lakes in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia, Canada, and mercury concentrations in different life stages and body regions were quantified. Mean whole body concentrations of MeHg were substantial in naiads (232 ± 112 ng g−1 dry wt, n = 66), emerging adults (236 ± 50 ng g−1 dry wt, n = 10), and mature adults (231 ± 74 ng g−1 dry wt, n = 20). Mean MeHg concentrations in exuviae (5.6 ± 4.3 ng g−1, n = 32) were 40-fold lower than in naiads and adults. Emerging adults had 2-fold to 2.5-fold higher Hg(II) concentrations than naiads, mature adults, and exuviae. In body regions of both naiads and adults, some abdomens contained significantly higher concentrations of Hg(II) than heads or thoraces, and this trend was consistent across families. Across families, Aeshnidae had significantly higher concentrations of MeHg and total Hg than Gomphidae and Libellulidae, but not higher than Cordulidae. The Hg(II) concentrations were lower in Aeshnidae and Libellulidae than in Gomphidae and Cordulidae. Shedding of exuviae presents a possible mechanism for mercury detoxification, but mercury concentrations and burdens in exuviae are low in comparison with naiads and adults. Dragonfly adults retain a high potential for transferring substantial amounts of MeHg to their predators. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2047–2054. © 2014 SETAC
Temporal trends in head and neck cancer surgery reconstruction
Authors: Gooi Zhen , Gourin Christine G. , Boahene Kofi D. O. , Byrne Patrick J. , Richmon Jeremy D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze changing trends in head and neck cancer reconstructive surgery and analyze the effect of surgeon and hospital volume.MethodsData from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for 133,850 patients who underwent a major ablative procedure for a malignant oral cavity, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal neoplasm in 1993 to 2010 were analyzed using cross‐tabulations and multivariate regression.ResultsReconstructive surgery in 2001 to 2010 was significantly associated with prior radiation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.4–4.9), comorbidity (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1–2.2), laryngeal cancer (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.6–0.9), oropharyngeal cancer (OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.4–0.7), high‐volume hospitals (OR = 3.9; 95% CI = 1.5–10.2), and high‐volume surgeons (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.1–3.9), compared to 1993–2000. Reconstruction by high‐volume surgeons was significantly associated with prior radiation (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.1–3.1) and lower in‐hospital mortality (OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1–1.0). A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between high‐volume surgeons and length of hospitalization and hospital‐related costs.ConclusionThese data reflect changing trends in head and neck cancer reconstructive surgery, with meaningful differences in the type of surgical care provided by high‐volume surgeons. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1509–1517, 2015
Prospective study of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology and sentinel node biopsy in the staging of clinically negative T1 and T2 oral cancer
Authors: Chaturvedi Pankaj , Datta Sourav , Arya Supreeta , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Kane Shubhada V. , Nair Deepa , Nair Sudhir , Chaukar Devendra A. , Pai Prathamesh S. , Pantvaidya Gouri , Deshmukh Anuja D. , Agrawal Archi , D'Cruz Anil K. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare sentinel node biopsy (SNB) and ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for preoperative evaluation of the N0 neck in T1 to T2 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsFifty‐one consecutive patients with T1 to T2 N0 oral cavity SCC were included in this study. Preoperative ultrasound was performed in all patients. Ultrasound‐guided FNAC was performed in patients in whom the ultrasound result was reported as indeterminate or positive. SNB was done in all patients followed by elective neck dissection (END). Histopathology of END was considered as the gold standard for all statistical analysis.ResultsThe incidence of occult metastasis was 26.4%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 71.4%, 100%, 100%, and 90.2% for SNB and 14.3%, 100%, 100%, and 76.5% for ultrasound‐guided FNAC.ConclusionUltrasound‐guided FNAC lacked sufficient accuracy to detect occult metastases. SNB is a reliable method to detect occult metastasis that has potential to replace END. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1504–1508, 2015
Transoral laser microsurgery ± adjuvant therapy versus chemoradiotherapy for stage III and IVA oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Preliminary comparison of early swallowing outcomes
Authors: O'Hara James , Cosway Benjamin , Muirhead Colin , Leonard Nicola , Goff Diane , Patterson Joanne 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundObservational data suggests transoral surgery may offer benefit in swallowing over chemoradiotherapy.MethodsIn this preliminary, non‐randomized study, patients with stage III and IVA oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) were assessed pretreatment and 3 months after treatment using the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), the Performance Status Scale (PSS), and a timed Water Swallow Test (WST). Comparisons were made with a historical chemoradiotherapy (CRT) cohort.ResultsBased on patients with measurements at both times, the decrease in score between baseline and 3 months was greater for CRT patients (n = 26–28) than for TLM (n = 20–21) patients for each of MDADI, PSS, and WST. A repeated measures analysis that looked at all 3 scores simultaneously and allowed for missing values gave mostly similar results (except for MDADI).ConclusionTLM was associated with good early swallowing outcomes at 3 months and may offer a benefit over CRT. The results should be viewed as preliminary data, providing useful reference for any proposed controlled trial. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1488–1494, 2015
Analysis of the Competitive Intelligence Activities of Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises from the Industrial Sector
Authors: Cantonnet María Luisa , Aldasoro Juan Carlos , Cilleruelo Ernesto 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe aim of this research is to analyze competitive intelligence (CI) activities in small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) from the industrial sector in Spain. Specifically, an attempt is made to identify why these companies carry out CI activities, the types of activity they carry out, and the influence that a company's features and the environment in which it operates have on developing CI activities. An ad hoc questionnaire was put together comprising 124 items distributed among a sample of 425 SMEs from the industrial sector. The results show that a company's features and environment have a significant influence on the CI activities developed by them.
Label‐free quantitative proteomic analysis of human plasma‐derived microvesicles to find protein signatures of abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Martinez‐Pinna Roxana , de Peredo Anne Gonzalez , Monsarrat Bernard , Burlet‐Schiltz Odile , Martin‐Ventura Jose Luis 
Published: May 2014

PurposeTo find potential biomarkers of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), we performed a differential proteomic study based on human plasma‐derived microvesicles.Experimental designExosomes and microparticles isolated from plasma of AAA patients and control subjects (n = 10 each group) were analyzed by a label‐free quantitative MS‐based strategy. Homemade and publicly available software packages have been used for MS data analysis.ResultsThe application of two kinds of bioinformatic tools allowed us to find differential protein profiles from AAA patients. Some of these proteins found by the two analysis methods belong to main pathological mechanisms of AAA such as oxidative stress, immune‐inflammation, and thrombosis.Conclusions and clinical relevanceData analysis from label‐free MS‐based experiments requires the use of sophisticated bioinformatic approaches to perform quantitative studies from complex protein mixtures. The application of two of these bioinformatic tools provided us a preliminary list of differential proteins found in plasma‐derived microvesicles not previously associated to AAA, which could help us to understand the pathological mechanisms related to this disease.
STAT3 Signaling Is Activated Preferentially in Tumor-Initiating Cells in Claudin-Low Models of Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Wei Wei , Tweardy David J. , Zhang Mei , Zhang Xiaomei , Landua John , Petrovic Ivana , Bu Wen , Roarty Kevin , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Rosen Jeffrey M. , Lewis Michael T. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In breast cancer, a subset of tumor-initiating cells (TIC) or “cancer stem cells” are thought to be responsible for tumor maintenance, treatment resistance, and disease recurrence. While current breast cancer stem cell markers (e.g., CD44high/CD24low/neg, ALDH positive) have allowed enrichment for such cells, they are not universally expressed and may actually identify distinct TIC subpopulations in the same tumor. Thus, additional markers of functional stem cells are needed. The STAT3 pathway is a critical regulator of the function of normal stem cells, and evidence is accumulating for its important role in breast cancer stem cells. However, due to the lack of a method for separating live cells based on their level of STAT3 activity, it remains unknown whether STAT3 functions in the cancer stem cells themselves, or in surrounding niche cells, or in both. To approach this question, we constructed a series of lentiviral fluorescent (enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP) reporters that enabled flow cytometric enrichment of cells differing in STAT3-mediated transcriptional activity, as well as in vivo/in situ localization of STAT3 responsive cells. Using in vivo claudin-low cell line xenograft models of human breast cancer, we found that STAT3 signaling reporter activity (EGFP+) is associated with a subpopulation of cancer cells enriched for mammosphere-forming efficiency, as well as TIC function in limiting dilution transplantation assays compared to negative or unsorted populations. Our results support STAT3 signaling activity as another functional marker for human breast cancer stem cells thus making it an attractive therapeutic target for stem-cell-directed therapy in some breast cancer subtypes. STEM CELLS 2014;32:2571–2582