bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein neues borhaltiges Anion mit dem Adamantangerüst CB5 S4/A New Boron-Containing Anion with the Adamantane Skeleton CB5S4
Authors: Wolfer Klaus , Hausen Hans-Dieter , Binder Herbert 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Hydroboration of CS2 with NaB3H8 yields the new compound Na[CH2(BH 2)5S4 ], isolated as the tri-dioxanat. The anion has the adamantane skeleton CB5S4 .The crystal structure of the analog-ous compound (C6H5)4P[CH2 (BH2)5 S4 ] was determined from diffractometer data and refined to R = 0.043. The tetragonal unit cell (space group P4/n) contains two formula units (a = b = 1351.7 pm; c = 790.0 pm).
Tetrahalogenotellurate(II): Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von Verbindungen mit den Ionen TeX4
2- (X = Cl, Br, I)/Tetrahalotellurates(II): Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Compounds with TeX4
2- Ions (X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Pohl Siegfried , Saak Wolfgang , Krebs Bernt 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The compounds [(C6H5)4As]2 TeCl4 (1), [(C2H5)4 N]2 TeBr4 · CH3CN (2), and [(C2H5)4N]2TeI4 (3) were prepared by the reaction of Te, X2 , and excess (C2H5)4NX (X = Br, I) in acetonitrile solution or by heating of [(C6H5)4 As]2TeCl6 , Te, and (C6H5)4 ASCl for several hours in the same solvent.
The structures of 1-3 were determined from single crystal X-ray data.
1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 1061.8(2), b = 1614.2(3), c = 1341.7(3) pm, β = 94.21° and Z = 2; 2: tetragonal, P4/mmm, a = 1039.7(2), c = 690.5(1), Z = 1; 3: tetragonal, I4/mmm, a = 1061.7(2), c = 1342.8(4), Z = 2. In 1-3 Te(II) exhibits a square planar coordination. The Te -CI, Te -Br, and Te-I bond lengths were found to be 260.7 (mean), 275.3, and 298.5 pm, respectively.
Darstellung und Struktur einiger η5 -Cyclopentadienyldicarbonyleisenbismut-Verbindungen Cp(CO)2 FeBiX2 mit fünffach koordiniertem Bismutatom/Synthesis and Structure of Some η5 -Cyclopentadienyldicarbonylironbismuth Compounds Cp(CO)2 FeBiX2 with Five-Coordinated Bismuth Atoms
Authors: Wieber Markus , Wirth Dieter , Burschka Christian 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The synthesis and the spectroscopic properties of the title compounds Cp(CO)2FeBiX2 (with X = SC(S)NEt 2 and SC(S)OMe) are described. The crystal structure of Cp(CO)2FeBi[SC(S)NEt2]2 was investigated by an X-ray analysis.
Umsetzungen von Metall-und Metalloidverbindungen mit mehrfunktionellen Molekülen, XXXIX 1,3-Diaza-2-sila-cyclopentan-4,5-dione/Reactions of Metal and Metalloid Compounds with Polyfunctional Molecules, XXXIX 1,3-Diaza-2-sila-cyclopentane-4,5-diones
Authors: Maringgele Walter 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
N,N′-Diorganyl-oxalic acid diamides react with bis(diethylamino)dimethylsilane to yield the 1,3-Diaza-2-sila-cyclopentane-4,5-diones 1-9. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic data (NMR: 1H, 13C, 29Si, 14 N; MS; IR).
Antagonists of the Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone with Emphasis on Amino Acids in Position Five
Authors: Folkers Karl , Bowers Cyril Y. , Yin-Zeng Liu , Shao-Bo Xiao , Shieh Hong-Ming , Ji-Yu Chu 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Seventeen analogs of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) have been synthesized, bioassayed, and compared for antiovulatory activity (AOA) in rats. The emphasis of design was replacement of Tyr5 of LHRH. Position 5 has not been extensively studied. [N-Ac-D-2-Nal1 , D-pClPhe2 , D-3-Pal3 , D-Arg6 , D-Ala10 ]-LHRH was the baseline for new designs. Comparison of the AOA's of the 17 analogs with the baseline revealed the two peptides with Phe5 and 3-Pal5 had equivalent AOA's, and were the best of the 17, and about 45% more potent than the baseline. Analogs with pClPhe5 , oClPhe5 , α-MepClPhe5 , 2-Nal5 , Trp5 , and His5 were less potent than the Phe5 -and 3-Pal5 -analogs. Based on the Phe5 -analog, eight other analogs were synthesized with changes in positions 1, 2, 3 and 7 and although none were better than the baseline, 5/8 showed 20-60% AOA's at 250 ng and revealed optimum positions for new designs.
A New Metabolite from Aspergillus quadrilineatus
Authors: Ahmad Viqar Uddin , Suitana Viqar 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
From the mycelium of the fungus Aspergillus quadrilineatus, a new pigment 7-methoxyaverufin has been isolated besides mannitol, sterigmatocystin, versicolorin, ergosterol, and averufin.
Die oxidative Addition von NickeI(0)-KompIexen an Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Bindungen im Cyclobutadien. Zur Frage der Überführbarkeit von Cyclobutadien-Nickel(O)-Komplexen in Nickelaringe / Oxidative Addition of Nickel(O) Complexes to Carbon-Carbon Bonds in Cyclobutadiene. The Question of the Interconvertibility of Cyclobutadiene-nickel(O) Complexes and the Nickelaring Systems
Authors: Eisch John J. , Piotrowski Andrzej M. , Aradi Allen A. , Krüger Carl , Romão Maria J. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Bis(triethylphosphine)(η4-tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)nickel (4) was synthesized by the reduction of (η4-tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)nickel(II)bromide (3) with t-butyllithium in the presence of Et3P, and its structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, its reactivity towards CO, CH3CO2H, PhC≡CPh, LiAlH4 and O2 were investigated. 1,1-Bis(triethylphos-phine)-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylnickelole (14) was synthesized from (E,E)-1,4-dilithio-1,2,3,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene (15) and bis(triethylphosphine)nickel(II)bromide. Since the resulting crystals of the nickelole were not suitable for X-ray structure determination, the compound was characterized by elemental analyses, spectral data and carbonylation to yield tetraphenylcyclo-pentadienone (6).
Analogous reductions of (η4 -tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)nickel(II)bromide (3) in the presence of Ph3P or Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2 , followed by carbonylation, led to 6 in 40% yield, demonstrating that about half of the cyclobutadiene rings in 3 undergo cleavage upon reduction to give the nickelole.
Reactions of the dilithium reagent 15 with NiBr2 complexed with Me2PCH2CH2PMe2 ,Ph3P or Et2PCH2CH2PEt2 , led to the formation of thermolabile nickeloles, as demonstrated by carbonylàtion which yielded 6. Warming of the nickeloles and subsequent treatment with CH3CO2H led to the formation of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octaphenyl-1,3,5,7-octatetraene (8) and, in one case, octaphenyl-cyclooctatetraene (5).
The relevance of these findings to the mechanism of the Reppe nickel-catalyzed oligomerization of alkynes is discussed.
Synthese neuer 2-Dichlormethylen-thiazolidinon-Derivate / Synthesis of New 2-Dichloromethylene-thiazolidinone Compounds
Authors: Giencke Wolfgang 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Starting from the 2-trichloromethyl-thiazolidinones 3 and 4 syntheses of the 2-dichloromethy-lene-4-thiazolidinones 5 and the corresponding 1-oxides, 6, 9 and 10 are described. The base used in these elimination reactions is potassium-1,2,4-triazole.
Wolfram-dibromid-trinitrosyl, [WBr2(NO)3]2 Dibromotrinitrosyltungsten, [WBr2(NO)3]2
Authors: Berg Alexander , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Dibromotrinitrosyltungsten, which dimerises via bromo bridges, is prepared by treating tungsten hexabromide with NO in CH2Br2 suspension. It reacts with the Lewis bases acetonitrile, 1,2-dipyridyl, triphenylphosphane, and tetraphenylphosphonium bromide forming the octahedral complexes [WBr,(NO),(CH,CN),]. [WBr2(NO)2(dipy)], [ WBr2(NO)2(PPh3)2], [WBr3(NO)2]2
2⊖, and [WBr4(NO)2]2⊖, respectively. According to the IR spectra all dinitrosyl complexes possess cis-configuration of the nitrosyl groups.
Ein Molekül mit Bismut-Tellur-Bindung: p-Tolyltelluro-di-n-propylbismutan / A Molecule with the Bismut-Tellurium Bond: p-Tolyltellurodi-n-propylbismutane
Authors: Mont Wolf-Walther du , Severengiz Tevfik , Breunig Hans Joachim , Müller Ditmar 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Tetra-n-propyldibismutane reacts with equimolar amounts of di-p-tolylditelluride to yield p-tolyl-telluro-di-n-propylbismutane in high yield. This tellurobismutane is the first molecule with a Bi-Te bond. It has been characterised by elemental analysis and by NMR and mass spectra.
Proanthocyanidins in the Bark of Saraca asoca Roxb. de Wilde
Authors: Middelkoop T. B. , Labadie R. P. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Saraca asoca (Leguminosae), (―)-Epicatechin, Procyanidin (B2), 1 1′-Deoxyprocyanidin B The bark of Saraca asoca is used as a main ingredient in the preparation of Asoka Arishta, a drug indigenous to Sri Lanka. In this paper an investigation on some biologically active constituents of the bark is described.
(―)-Epicatechin and procyanidin B2 were identified and a new compound, named 11′-deoxy-procyanidin B, was found. Its structure was elucidated by means of proton-NMR.
Neue Oxide des Formeltyps A2[T3O4]: Rb2Li2SiO4 [1 ] und Rb2Li2GeO4 [2 ] / New Oxides o f the Formula Type A2[T3O4]: Rb2Li2SiO4 [1 ] and Rb2Li2GeO4 [2 ]
Authors: Hofmann Ralf , Nowitzki Bernd , Hoppe Rudolf 
Published: March 2015

Rb2Li2Si04 and Rb2Li2Ge04 were prepared from the binary oxides in closed Ni-tubes at 800 and 850 °C, respectively.
Crystal structures of the isotypic compounds were determined from four-circle diffractometer data (2018 and 1509 Io(hkl), R = 8.37%, Rw = 6.39% and R = Rw = 13.68%). They crystallize triclinically, P1̄, a = 897.92(11), b = 564.73(5), c = 546.99(6) pm, α = 93.95(10), β = 111.24(9), γ = 93.75(10)° (Rb2Li2SiO4) and a = 905.4(9), b = 575.4(7), c = 560.6(7) pm, α = 94.67(9), β = 110.82(10), γ = 93.60(9)° (Rb2Li2GeO4) (Guinier-Simon-data). Z = 2. Effective Coordination Number (ECoN) and Madelung Part of Lattice Energy (MAPLE) values were calculated. The structure is described using Schlegel-diagrams.
PNP-Perthionitrit und PNP-Monothionitrit / PNP-Perthionitrite and PNP-M onothionitrite
Authors: Seel F. , Kuhn R. , Simon G. , Wagner M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
As a major product from the reaction of PNP-nitrite [P = P(C6H5)3] with elementary sulfur or a PNP-polysulfide (PNP)2S12 in acetone under anaerobic conditions PNP-perthionitrite (PNPnitrosodisulfide) PNP-SSNO has been isolated. VIS/UV-spectra point to a thionitrate or perthionitrate as a precursor.
The structures of PNP-SSNO and of the product obtained on treating the perthionitrite with triphenylphosphane in acetonitrile, PNP -SNO (PNP-monothionitrite, PNP-nitrososulfide), have been elucidated through X-ray diffraction and independently from new chemical and NMRspectrometric arguments. PNP-SSN O crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P ben with a = 11.843(3), b = 16.647(5), c = 15.556(4) Å , PNP -SNO in the triclinic group P1̄ with a = 10.525(3), b = 17.196(5), c = 9.451(3) Å , a = 95.22(3), β = 92.32(3), γ = 91.65(3)°.
Über Erdalkalimetallverbindungen des 1,1-Dicyanoethylen-2,2-dithiolats, II+ Die Kristallstruktur von BaS2C4N2 • 3 H2O / On Alkaline-Earth Metal Compounds of 1,1-D icyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolate, II+ Crystal Structure of BaS2C4N2 • 3 H2O
Authors: Hummel Hans-U. , Wolf C. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
By reaction of CS2 with maleonitrile in the presence of sodium-ethanolate in ethanol Na2S2C4N2 is obtained. It reacts with Ba(NCS)2 · 3 H2O in a metathesis reaction to give BaS2C4N2 ·3 H2O. The space group of the barium salt is C 2/c with Z = 8. The structure consists of Ba2+ and [S2C -C(CN)2]2- ions, and crystal water. Barium has a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination: four O, three N and two S atoms. There are considerable deviations from planarity for the [S2C4N2]2- anion due to packing effects
Zur Hochdruckpolymorphie der Seltenerdsulfidfluoride LnSF (Ln: Er, Yb, Lu) / High Pressure Polymorphism of Rare Earth Sulfidefluorides LnSF (Ln: E r, Yb, Lu)
Authors: Beck H. P. , Strobel C. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The sulfidefluorides LnSF with Ln = Er, Yb, Lu undergo a high pressure transformation from the β-YSF- to a PbFCl-type structure. The structures involved and a proposed reaction mechanism are explained in terms of a topological description
Isomere ω-Carboxyalkylpyridone aus 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyI- 8-oxochinolinium-iodid / Isomeric ω-Carboxyalkylpyridones from 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl- 8-oxochinolinium-iodide
Authors: Lippe Gotelind von der , Weber Horst 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Alkaline hexacyanoferrate(III) oxidation (Decker oxidation) of the title compound 9 yields the isomeric pyridones 10 and 11 in nearly equal amounts whereas the pyridinium salt 12 gives only the carboxylic acid 10 under this conditions. From this result it is concluded that 9 is not an indermediate during the oxidation of 12. Spectroscopic data of 10 and 11 are compared for structural determination. A HPLC-method is described concerning quantitative analysis of a mixture of 10 and 11 via the corresponding 4-bromophenacylester derivatives
103Rh-NMR bei 9,4 T - Verbesserter Nachweis infolge verkürzter Relaxationszeiten und selektivem Polarisationstransfer / 103Rh NMR at 9.4 T - Improved Signal Detection due to Shortened Relaxation Times and Selective Polarisation Transfer
Authors: Benn Reinhard , Brenneke Herbert , Reinhardt Rolf-Dieter 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
At 9.4 T the I03Rh relaxation times (T ,) of unsym metrical organorhodium com pounds of the type LR h(7r-ligand) 2 are in the order of seconds, and relaxation is dominated by the Chemical Shift Anisotropy mechanism. In symmetrical complexes like (acac)3Rh (7), T, of 103Rh is considerably longer and dominated by the Spin Rotation mechanism. Through this effect, together with selective polarisation transfer via the Rh olefin-proton spin-spin couplings at high magnetic fields, a significantly improved detection of the insensitive Rh nucleus results
Antipsychotic Medication Prescribing in Children Enrolled in Medicaid
Authors: Rettew David C. , Greenblatt Jeanne , Kamon Jody , Neal Diane , Harder Valerie , Wasserman Richard , Berry Patricia , MacLean Charles D. , Hogue Nancy , McMains William 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND:
Although the increase in treatment of children and adolescents with antipsychotic medications has been well documented, much less is known about the factors related to the use of these agents and how closely the treatment follows best practice recommendations.

METHODS:
Prescribers of each antipsychotic medication prescription issued for a Medicaid-insured child in Vermont aged &lt;18 years were sent a prior authorization survey that assessed several domains including the clinical indication, other treatments, metabolic monitoring, prescriber specialty, and prescription origin. These variables were combined to categorize prescriptions as following indications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and best practice guidelines.

RESULTS:
The response rate of the survey was 80%, with 677 surveys from 147 prescribers available for analysis; more than one-half of the respondents were primary care clinicians. Overall, the clinical indication for an antipsychotic prescription followed best practice guidelines 91.7% of the time, with overall best practice guidelines followed at a rate of 50.1%. An FDA indication was followed in 27.2% of cases. Psychiatrists were significantly more likely to follow best practice guidelines than nonpsychiatrists. Antipsychotic medications were typically used only after other pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments were ineffective, although previous treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy was uncommon (15.5%). Metabolic monitoring that included serial laboratory tests was reported in 57.2% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS:
Current prescribing patterns of antipsychotic medications for children and adolescents follow best practice guidelines approximately one-half of the time, with nonadherence often related to lack of metabolic monitoring.
Pneumonia in Childhood and Impaired Lung Function in Adults: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Chan Johnny Y.C. , Stern Debra A. , Guerra Stefano , Wright Anne L. , Morgan Wayne J. , Martinez Fernando D. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND:
Diminished lung function and increased prevalence of asthma have been reported in children with a history of early lower respiratory illnesses (LRIs), including pneumonia. Whether these associations persist up to adulthood has not been established.

METHODS:
As part of the prospective Tucson Children's Respiratory Study, LRIs during the first 3 years of life were ascertained by pediatricians. Spirometry was performed at ages 11, 16, 22, and 26 years. The occurrence of asthma/wheeze during the previous year was ascertained at ages 11, 13, 16, 18, 22, 24, 26, and 29 years. Longitudinal random effects models and generalized estimating equations were used to assess the relation of LRIs to lung function and asthma.

RESULTS:
Compared with participants without early-life LRIs, those with pneumonia had the most severe subsequent lung function impairment, with mean ± SE deficits of −3.9% ± 0.9% (P &lt; .001) and −2.5% ± 0.8% (P = .001) for pre- and post-bronchodilator FEV1:FVC ratio from age 11 to 26 years, respectively. Pneumonia was associated with increased risk for asthma (odds ratio [OR]: 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–3.44) and wheeze (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.28–2.95) over the same age range. Early non-pneumonia LRIs were associated with mildly impaired pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (−62.8 ± 27.9mL, P = .024) and FEV1:FVC ratio (−1.1 ± 0.5%, P = .018), and wheeze (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.09–1.72).

CONCLUSIONS:
Early pneumonia is associated with asthma and impaired airway function, which is partially reversible with bronchodilators and persists into adulthood. Early pneumonia may be a major risk factor for adult chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Physician Response to Parental Requests to Spread Out the Recommended Vaccine Schedule
Authors: Kempe Allison , O’Leary Sean T. , Kennedy Allison , Crane Lori A. , Allison Mandy A. , Beaty Brenda L. , Hurley Laura P. , Brtnikova Michaela , Jimenez-Zambrano Andrea , Stokley Shannon 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVES:
To assess among US physicians (1) frequency of requests to spread out recommended vaccination schedule for children &lt;2 years, (2) attitudes regarding such requests, and (3) strategies used and perceived effectiveness in response to such requests.

METHODS:
An e-mail and mail survey of a nationally representative sample of pediatricians and family physicians from June 2012 through October 2012.

RESULTS:
The response rate was 66% (534 of 815). In a typical month, 93% reported some parents of children &lt;2 years requested to spread out vaccines; 21% reported ≥10% of parents made this request. Most respondents thought these parents were putting their children at risk for disease (87%) and that it was more painful for children (84%), but if they agreed to requests, it would build trust with families (82%); further, they believed that if they did not agree, families might leave their practice (80%). Forty percent reported this issue had decreased their job satisfaction. Most agreed to spread out vaccines when requested, either often/always (37%) or sometimes (37%); 2% would often/always, 4% would sometimes, and 12% would rarely dismiss families from their practice if they wanted to spread out the primary series. Physicians reported using a variety of strategies in response to requests but did not think they were effective.

CONCLUSIONS:
Virtually all providers encounter requests to spread out vaccines in a typical month and, despite concerns, most are agreeing to do so. Providers are using many strategies in response but think few are effective. Evidence-based interventions to increase timely immunization are needed to guide primary care and public health practice.
Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Thomas Rae , Sanders Sharon , Doust Jenny , Beller Elaine , Glasziou Paul 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are widely debated, fueled by variations in prevalence estimates across countries, time, and broadening diagnostic criteria. We conducted a meta-analysis to: establish a benchmark pooled prevalence for ADHD; examine whether estimates have increased with publication of different editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM); and explore the effect of study features on prevalence.METHODS:Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for studies with point prevalence estimates of ADHD. We included studies of children that used the diagnostic criteria from DSM-III, DSM-III-R and DSM-IV in any language. Data were extracted on sampling procedure, sample characteristics, assessors, measures, and whether full or partial criteria were met.RESULTS:The 175 eligible studies included 179 ADHD prevalence estimates with an overall pooled estimate of 7.2% (95% confidence interval: 6.7 to 7.8), and no statistically significant difference between DSM editions. In multivariable analyses, prevalence estimates for ADHD were lower when using the revised third edition of the DSM compared with the fourth edition (P = .03) and when studies were conducted in Europe compared with North America (P = .04). Few studies used population sampling with random selection. Most were from single towns or regions, thus limiting generalizability.CONCLUSIONS:Our review provides a benchmark prevalence estimate for ADHD. If population estimates of ADHD diagnoses exceed our estimate, then overdiagnosis may have occurred for some children. If fewer, then underdiagnosis may have occurred.
The Analysis of Chemical Processes in Reservoirs on the Basis of the Identification of Injection-Water Fraction in Produced Brine
Authors: Ishkov Oleg , Mackay Eric , Sorbie Ken 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe time and subsequent evolution of injection-water breakthrough are two of the main indicators monitored by production chemists. After injected water breaks through, the risk of scaling may change significantly, and scale-mitigation procedures should be planned accordingly. The fraction of the injection water in the produced brine may be ascertained only from analysis of the produced-water samples. However, to date, there has been little discussion about other applications of injection-water-fraction tracking. In this paper, new applications that follow on from accurate knowledge of injection-water fraction are proposed.The calculated injection-water fraction may be appliedTo quickly and accurately identify when injection-water breakthrough has taken place, at which time remedial action to prevent scale damage needs to be implemented. To identify which ions are involved in in-situ geochemical reactions, and the degree of relative ion deviations (i.e., to identify ion-exchange reactions). To detect the formation or formations from which a well is producing, and to determine (potentially) the amount of flow from each layer without the use of downhole flowmetering.Strong evidence of the involvement of barium, sulfate, and magnesium ions in reactions, on the basis of the calculations of the relative ion deviations, has been shown for field data. In another case, application of injection-water fraction prompted a re-evaluation of formation-water compositions, and as a result, it was discovered that the well was producing from a different formation after reperforation.The significant new developments presented in this paper allow analysts to obtain an indication of which ions are involved in the reactions, and the degree of relative ion deviations. Additionally, a technique is proposed that identifies the formation or formations from which the well is producing.