bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior Segment Nd:YAG Laser Procedures: to Study Intraocular Pressure Spikes and Their Prevention
Authors: Singh Manav Deep , Sharma Nidhi , Jain Shikha 
Published: October 2015

Purpose:
To find out quantum of increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) following anterior segment Nd: YAG laser procedures and extent to which this increase is preventable by different groups of anti-glaucoma drugs.

Methods:
Study design: Cross sectional, randomized, double blind analytical study. One hundred and seventy four eyes of 174 patients who underwent anterior segment Nd:YAG laser procedures {peripheral iridotomy (LPI)/ capsulotomy (YLC)}, using energy limited to 50 mJ, were randomized into five groups. Patients in group 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 received topical Brimonidine tartarate 0.2%, oral Acetazolamide 250mg, topical Dorzolamide hydrochloride 2%, lubricating eye drops plus oral calcium tablets and topical Timolol maleate 0.5% respectively. Patients getting active topical drug were additionally given oral calcium and those getting oral active drug were given topical lubricating drops in a double blind manner. Intraocular pressure was measured at 1, 3, 5 and 24 hours post laser.

Results:
Rise of IOP from baseline to 1, 3, 5 or 24 hours was not found to be significant in any of the groups receiving ocular hypotensive drug (p>0.05). In the placebo group, the rise of IOP was significant only in one patient at 1, 3 and 5 hours post laser which came down to insignificant levels at 24 hours.

Conclusion:
Limiting the use of energy (< 50 mJ/ sitting) during Nd:YAG laser procedures may prevent post laser IOP spikes and obviate the use of ocular hypotensive drugs. In high risk cases, amongst the anti glaucoma drugs, α agonists can be prescribed.
Comparison of The Effect of Topical Bromfenac With Nepafenac in Maintaining Mydriasis During Cataract Surgery
Authors: Bansal Garima , Gupta Surabhi , Kumar Sanjiv , Kansal Saurabh 
Published: October 2015

Obiective:
To compare the effectiveness of prophylactic administration of topical nepafenac (0.1%) and bromfenac (0.09%) in maintaining mydriasis during cataract surgery.

Methods:
This was a randomized, double masked comparison study involving adult cataract patients given topical NSAIDs (nepafenac or bromfenac) or carboxymethylcellulose (control) prior to cataract surgery. Horizontal and vertical diameters of pupil were measured before and after surgery and the mean values were compared across the three groups.

Results:
The decrease in pupil size was more significant in group A (control) as compared to that in group B (nepafenac) and in group C (bromfenac) (p < 0.001). The decrease in pupil size was not significant in group B as compared to that in group C (p < 0.70). Mydriasis during surgery was well maintained in groups B and C as compared to group A.

Conclusion:
Both nepafenac (0.1%) and bromfenac (0.09%) given one day prior to the surgery are effective in maintaining pupil size during the cataract surgery but the less frequent dosing of bromfenac can be of advantage in improving the patient compliance.
Sutureless Phacotrabeculectomy – A New Modality of Combined Cataract Extraction and Trabeculectomy
Authors: Sajjad Sheikh , Rashid Wasim , Shaheen Nusrat , Lone Imtiyaz , Latif Mehreen 
Published: October 2015

Background:
Sutureless phacotrabeculectomy technique has varied deliberations among ophthalmologists. Improvements in surgical techniques have made sutureless phacotrabeculectomy better in terms of success and postoperative complications.

Obiective:
To describe and evaluate the results of sutureless phacotrabeculectomy with intraocular lens implantation.

Methods:
The present study was conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Ophthalmology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College and Hospital, Bemina Srinagar. The study included 40 eyes of 40 consecutive patients, suffering from primary open angle glaucoma with co-existing cataract. Intraoperative complications and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure (I.O.P), Bleb status and complications were evaluated for a follow up period of 6 months.

Results:
The mean preoperative I.O.P was 32.53mmHg and mean postoperative IOP was 11.96+3.27mmHg at 2 months and 14.45+4.43 mmHg at six months. The reduction in mean IOP at the end of six months was 55.6%(p<0.001). Blebs were visible in 36 cases which were diffuse in character. Postoperative complications were hypotony in 2 cases and hyphaema in 1 case. The preoperative mean of 3.16 antiglaucoma medications decreased to 0.31 postoperatively (p<0.001). Visual acuity improved in 36 patients, 20 patients had an acuity of 20/40 or better.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that sutureless phacotrabeculectomy may be performed as a safe and effective procedure in the management of coexisting cataract and glaucoma.
First ever cross comparison of thermospheric wind measured by narrow‐ and wide‐field optical Doppler spectroscopy
Authors: Dhadly M. S. , Meriwether J. , Conde M. , Hampton D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe present the first ever cross comparisons of F region horizontal neutral wind measurements taken using two different types of optical Doppler spectrometer: all‐sky scanning Doppler imagers (SDI) and narrow‐field Fabry‐Perot interferometers (NFPIs). Horizontal neutral winds were inferred using bistatic observations from three NFPIs, together with monostatic and bistatic observations from two SDIs. All instruments were located in Alaska. Cross comparisons were made for a total of seven nights in January and February 2010. The results show a high degree of correlation between the diurnal behaviors of the line‐of‐sight (LOS) winds measured by both instruments. The SDI and NFPI LOS wind time series also often contained high‐frequency fluctuations with similar overall characteristics, strongly suggesting that these fluctuations were geophysical in origin. However, the amplitude of the high‐frequency component was stronger in the NFPI LOS wind than in the SDI data. Even the smallest SDI angular resolution element is much larger than the NFPI field of view, suggesting that its relative insensitivity to high frequencies is because these fluctuations are associated with local‐scale structures whose spatial extent is smaller than ∼40 km spanned by the smallest SDI viewing field. Upon fitting vectors to the LOS wind data, close agreement was found between the wind components estimated by the two types of instrument. Discrepancies that did arise occurred most often when the neutral wind speed was weak, suggesting that conditions capable of driving higher neutral wind speeds also suppressed the development of small‐scale structures in the thermospheric neutral wind fields.
The blue luminous events observed by ISUAL payload on board FORMOSAT‐2 satellite
Authors: Kuo C. L. , Su H. T. , Hsu R. R 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe report the blue luminous events observed by the Imager of Sprite/Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) payload on board the FORMOSAT‐2 satellite. The ISUAL 427.8 nm filtered Imager campaign was conducted near Australia in the summer of the Southern Hemisphere during February–March 2008. On 18 February 2008, the 427.8 nm filtered Imager recorded a series of blue luminous events. One blue starter and nine smaller blue starters were recorded in 2 min and 34 s in a localized region with the radius < 4 km over the cloud top. The average time interval between subsequent blue luminous events was ~ 17 s. The occurrence rate of blue luminous events was 3.5 events per minute, slightly lower than the occurrence rate of pixies (4.2 events per minute) but higher than the occurrence rate of gnomes and blue jets in the previous observations. The recorded first blue starter lasted up to 2–3 frame times (60–90 ms) and extended its altitude about 8 ± 0.3 km with a width of ~2–4 km over the cloud top. After the first blue starter, subsequent nine smaller blue starters had the decreased heights of ~2–4 km, and their optical duration was shorter and is down to 1 ms. But their major emissions were 2PN2 and 1NN2+, without lightning OI 777.4 nm emission. The ISUAL recorded blue smaller starters had the spatial average brightness of 130 kR for the 427.8 nm filtered Imager with exposure time (29 ms) and 1.2 MR for the spectrophotometer (337 nm). Using the spectrophotometer, the emission time of blue starters was 1 ms. It is estimated that the 1NN2+ emission was ~ 22 MR and the 2PN2 emission was ~ 132 MR. We can estimate the degree of ionization was 10−11–10−12 in these blue luminous events using the 427.8 nm filtered Imager measured 1NN2+ (0,1) emission.
Freshwater mollusc assemblages and habitat associations in the Danube River drainage, Hungary
Authors: Bódis Erika , Tóth Bence , Sousa Ronaldo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Native freshwater mollusc diversity has been declining over the past decades. For developing efficient conservation management plans for molluscs, it is especially important to identify areas with high native biodiversity.
The River Danube is one of the most important freshwater ecosystems in Europe and should receive special attention. The main objective of this work was to characterize the composition, diversity and conservation status of freshwater molluscs occurring in the Hungarian Danube River Drainage in five river habitat types (main channel of the Rivers Danube and Tisza, side channels of River Danube, tributaries of Rivers Danube and Tisza).
In total, 53 mollusc species were identified including 10 invasive species and 12 species of conservation concern. The main determining factors of mollusc composition were sediment characteristics, current velocity and oxygen content. Nitrate–nitrogen, ammonium–nitrogen, and calcium content also play a key role.
Overall, density, species richness and diversity showed significant differences between habitat types. The highest diversity values were detected in the side channels, but the highest proportion of threatened species was observed in the tributaries. The highest number and proportion of invasive species was detected in the main channel of the Danube. Most of the recorded invasive species were previously documented in side channels and the adjacent wetlands, but did not invade the tributaries.
Tributaries may provide refuges for native molluscs and could be considered as ‘source’ populations, which may be critically important in the regional maintenance of threatened species. Tributaries are still less disturbed and less invaded; and should be given priority in future conservation management plans.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Sesquiterpene Oxidations with CYP260A1 and CYP264B1 from Sorangium cellulosum So ce56
Authors: Schifrin Alexander , Litzenburger Martin , Ringle Michael , Ly Thuy T. B. , Bernhardt Rita 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSesquiterpenes are natural products derived from the common precursor farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) but are highly diverse in structure and function. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) exhibit the unique ability to introduce molecular oxygen into non‐activated C−H bonds. In plant biosynthetic pathways, P450s commonly derivatize sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. However, the potential of bacterial P450s for terpene derivatization is still underinvestigated. This work compares the substrate specificities and regioselectivities of the sesquiterpene hydroxylases CYP260A1 and CYP264B1 from myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum So ce56. Four tested substrate classes (eremophilanes, humulanes, caryophyllanes, and cedranes) were converted by both P450s. The achievable variety of oxidations is demonstrated on the model substrates (+)‐nootkatone and zerumbone. Increasing the number of functionally investigated P450s, this study represents a step towards the selective derivatization of sesquiterpenes.
Transient Interactions of a Cytosolic Protein with Macromolecular and Vesicular Cosolutes: Unspecific and Specific Effects
Authors: Ceccon Alberto , Busato Mirko , Pérez Santero Silvia , D'Onofrio Mariapina , Musiani Francesco , Giorgetti Alejandro , Assfalg Michael 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCytosolic proteins do not occur as isolated but are exposed to many interactions within a crowded cellular environment. We investigated the associations between a test cytosolic protein, human ileal bile acid binding protein (IBABP), and model cosolutes mimicking macromolecular and lipid membrane intracellular components. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, heteronuclear NMR, and molecular dynamics, we found that IBABP associated weakly with anionic lipid vesicles and experienced transient unspecific contacts with albumin. Localized dynamic perturbations were observed even in the case of apparent unspecific binding. IBABP and ubiquitin did not display mutually attractive forces, whereas IBABP associated specifically with lysozyme. A structural model of the IBABP–lysozyme complex was obtained by data‐driven docking simulation. Presumably, all the interactions shown here contribute to modulating functional communication of a protein in its native environment.
Electrochemical Formation and Phase Control of Mg–Cu Alloys
Authors: Chen Zeng , Wang Bei , Li Shengjun , Li Wei , Wei Chaochao , Jia Xiyang , Zhang Weifeng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMg–Cu alloys with different phases were electrodeposited in a molten LiCl–KCl eutectic mixture containing a small amount (0.5 mol %) of MgCl2 at 673 K. The electrochemical behavior of the MgII ion and alloy formation processes were studied at inert molybdenum (Mo) and active copper (Cu) electrodes in the molten salts, respectively. Different electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, square‐wave voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and open‐circuit potentiometry were carried out to investigate the electrochemical formation mechanism of Mg–Cu alloys. Three signals, corresponding to the formation of metal Mg and two different Mg–Cu alloy phases, are observed when using cyclic voltammetry, square‐wave voltammetry, and open‐circuit potentiometry. Chronoamperometry studies indicate the different interfacial properties of the magnesium metal versus the Mg–Cu alloys. The results of X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy show that the MgCu2 and Mg2Cu phases could be obtained at −2.30 and −2.38 V (vs. Pt), respectively.
Development of an Enyne Metathesis/Isomerization/Diels–Alder One‐Pot Reaction for the Synthesis of a Novel Near‐Infrared (NIR) Dye Core
Authors: Yamashita Kohei , Fujii Yuki , Yoshioka Shohei , Aoyama Hiroshi , Tsujino Hirofumi , Uno Tadayuki , Fujioka Hiromichi , Arisawa Mitsuhiro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractN‐Alkyl‐N‐allyl‐2‐alkynylaniline derivatives undergo a tandem ring‐closing enyne metathesis/isomerization/Diels–Alder cycloaddition sequence in the presence of a second‐generation Grubbs catalyst and dienophiles. In practice, the acyclic enyne in the presence of the ruthenium alkylidene first undergoes ring‐closing metathesis to generate cyclic 4‐vinyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinolines; following diene isomerization and then the addition of a dienophile, these ring‐closing metathesis products are selectively converted into a 7‐methyl‐4H‐naphtho[3,2,1‐de]quinoline‐8,11‐dione core. Overall, the reaction sequence converts simple aniline derivatives into π‐conjugated small molecules, which have characteristic absorption in the near‐infrared region, in a single operation through three unique ruthenium‐catalyzed transformations.
Strong Fluorescent Smart Organogel as a Dual Sensing Material for Volatile Acid and Organic Amine Vapors
Authors: Xue Pengchong , Yao Boqi , Wang Panpan , Gong Peng , Zhang Zhenqi , Lu Ran 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn L‐phenylalanine derivative (C12PhBPCP) consisting of a strong emission fluorophore with benzoxazole and cyano groups is designed and synthesized to realize dual responses to volatile acid and organic amine vapors. The photophysical properties and self‐assembly of the said derivative in the gel phase are also studied. C12PhBPCP can gelate organic solvents and self‐assemble into 1 D nanofibers in the gels. UV/Vis absorption spectral results show H‐aggregate formation during gelation, which indicates strong exciton coupling between fluorophores. Both wet gel and xerogel emit strong green fluorescence because the cyano group suppresses fluorescence quenching in the self‐assemblies. Moreover, the xerogel film with strong green fluorescence can be used as a dual chemosensor for quantitative detection of volatile acid and organic amine vapors with fast response times and low detection limits owing to its large surface area and amplified fluorescence quenching. The detection limits are 796 ppt and 25 ppb for gaseous aniline and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), respectively.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Acetoxime Directed ortho‐Arylation of Aromatic Alcohols
Authors: Guo Kun , Chen Xiaolan , Zhang Jingyu , Zhao Yingsheng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBiaryls, which contained a benzyloxy motif, were directly constructed through a ligand‐promoted PdII‐catalyzed ortho‐arylation of masked aromatic alcohols. A variety of acetoxime ethers could be coupled with a diverse range of arylboronic acid pinocol esters, giving direct access to bioactive biaryls in modest to good yield. Not only could acetoxime be subsequently removed without a separation, functionalized hydroxylamine derivatives could also be obtained.
New Routes to a Series of σ‐Borane/Borate Complexes of Molybdenum and Ruthenium
Authors: Ramalakshmi Rongala , Saha Koushik , Roy Dipak Kumar , Varghese Babu , Phukan Ashwini K. , Ghosh Sundargopal 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA series of agostic σ‐borane/borate complexes have been synthesized and structurally characterized from simple borane adducts. A room‐temperature reaction of [Cp*Mo(CO)3Me], 1 with Li[BH3(EPh)] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, E=S, Se, Te) yielded hydroborate complexes [Cp*Mo(CO)2(μ‐H)BH2EPh] in good yields. With 2‐mercapto‐benzothiazole, an N,S‐carbene‐anchored σ‐borate complex [Cp*Mo(CO)2BH3(1‐benzothiazol‐2‐ylidene)] (5) was isolated. Further, a transmetalation of the B‐agostic ruthenium complex [Cp*Ru(μ‐H)BHL2] (6, L=C7H4NS2) with [Mn2(CO)10] affords a new B‐agostic complex, [Mn(CO)3(μ‐H)BHL2] (7) with the same structural motif in which the central metal is replaced by an isolobal and isoelectronic [Mn(CO)3] unit. Natural‐bond‐orbital analyses of 5–7 indicate significant delocalization of the electron density from the filled σBH orbital to the vacant metal orbital.
A Covalent Organic Helical Cage with Remarkable Chiroptical Amplification
Authors: Míguez‐Lago Sandra , Llamas‐Saiz Antonio L. , Magdalena Cid M. , Alonso‐Gómez J. Lorenzo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurely organic shape‐persistent chiral cages are designed through the use of rigid chiral axes. Covalent dimerization of a tripodal fragment bearing chiral allenes forms a molecular twisted prism with loop‐like lateral edges presenting 10‐fold chiroptical amplification compared to its isolated building blocks. The expected geometry of covalent organic helical cage (M,M)3‐1 was confirmed by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. Comparison of the chiroptical responses of this shape‐persistent molecular container with more flexible analogues highlights how the control of the conformational freedom of the molecule can be used to obtain molecular cages with strong chiroptical responses. Selective inclusion‐complex formation with ferrocenium ions [(P,P)3‐1@Fc+] was confirmed and quantified with HR‐ESI‐MS and NMR spectroscopy.
Unusually Strong Long‐Distance Metal–Metal Coupling in Bis(ferrocene)‐Containing BOPHY: An Introduction to Organometallic BOPHYs
Authors: Rhoda Hannah M. , Chanawanno Kullapa , King Alexander J. , Zatsikha Yuriy V. , Ziegler Christopher J. , Nemykin Victor N. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe first organometallic BOPHY (BOPHY=bis(difluoroboron)‐1,2‐bis{(pyrrol‐2‐yl)methylene}hydrazine) containing two ferrocene substituents was prepared through a Knoevenagel condensation between tetramethyl substituted BOPHY and ferrocene carboxaldehyde. An unprecedentedly strong long‐range (≈17.2 Å) metal–metal coupling in this new complex was investigated using electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and chemical oxidation methods. Electrochemical data is indicative of a 200 mV separation between the first and the second ferrocene‐centered oxidation processes. Formation of the mixed‐valence states and appearance and disappearance of two NIR bands were observed during stepwise oxidation of the first organometallic BOPHY. The electronic structure and the nature of the excited states in this new chromophore were studied by DFT and TDDFT calculations.
Complementing Crystallography with Ultralow‐Frequency Raman Spectroscopy: Structural Insights into Nitrile‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids
Authors: Chen Hong‐Kai , Srivastava Nitin , Saha Satyen , Shigeto Shinsuke 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFunctionalized ionic liquids are a subclass of ionic liquids that are tailored for a specific application. Structural characterization in both solid and liquid phases is central to understanding their physical properties. Here, we used ultralow‐frequency Raman spectroscopy, which can measure Raman spectra down to approximately 5 cm−1, to study the structures and physical properties of 1‐(4‐cyanobenzyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium salts with five different anions. A comparison of the observed low‐frequency Raman spectral patterns enabled us to predict the crystal symmetry of one of the synthesized salts for which single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data were unobtainable. Real‐time tracking of the low‐frequency Raman spectral changes during melting revealed peak shifts indicative of different degrees of microscopic heterogeneity in the ionic liquids. The results show that our method provides a facile means that is complementary to X‐ray crystallography, for obtaining structural information of ionic liquids.
BER minimization for dual‐polarized wireless systems with polarization‐domain rotation
Authors: Noh Gosan , Bahng Seungjae , Park Youn‐Ok 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe consider the problem of bit error rate (BER) degradation because of the power gain imbalance between horizontal (H)‐polarization and vertical (V)‐polarization components in an orthogonal dual‐polarization transmission system. To alleviate the aforementioned BER degradation problem, we propose a non‐orthogonal polarization‐domain rotation scheme where the axes of H‐polarization and V‐polarization components are rotated with different angles at the transmitter and de‐rotated at the receiver. In addition, in order to assess the effectiveness of the polarization‐domain rotation scheme, we derive the closed‐form BER expression under a practical dual‐polarized channel model, which is represented by cross‐polarization ratio and co‐polarization ratio (CPR). We also derive the approximated BER expressions for the two asymptotic values of CPR: balanced CPR and infinite CPR. With the derived BER expressions, we find the optimal rotation angles that jointly minimize the BER. According to the numerical results, it is shown that about 3dB Eb/N0 gain is obtained at the BER of 10−4 and the CPR of 10dB by the polarization‐domain rotation scheme with optimal rotation angles compared with the conventional orthogonal dual‐polarization transmission. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.