bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friction Ridge Skin—Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)
Authors: Meuwly Didier 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis contribution describes the development and the forensic use of automated fingerprint identification systems (AFISs).AFISswere initially developed in order to overcome the limitations of the paper‐based fingerprint collections, by digitizing the ten‐print cards in computerized databases and to translate the manual pattern classification into computer‐friendly codes. Then, technologies to automate the fingerprint feature extraction and comparison were developed, andAFISswere implemented on a large scale in order to improve the process of identification of repetitive offenders based on the ten‐print cards. Further development of the fingerprint biometric technology allowed for the inclusion of palmprint reference databases and for the processing of fingermarks and palmmarks with, as a result, the partial automation of the forensic investigation and intelligence process.In the field ofAFIS, the challenges for the future call for further automation of the feature extraction from low‐quality fingerprint and fingermark images, for more transparency in the processes, for the improvement of the interoperability of the systems on a global level and the combination of biometric modalities as well as for the use of fingerprint biometric technology and scientific methodology, to further develop the forensic friction ridge evaluation process.
Modular Synthesis of Triarylmethanes through Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential Arylation of Methyl Phenyl Sulfone
Authors: Nambo Masakazu , Crudden Cathleen M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTriarylmethanes, which are valuable structures in materials, sensing and pharmaceuticals, have been synthesized starting from methyl phenyl sulfone as an inexpensive and readily available template. The three aryl groups were installed through two sequential palladium‐catalyzed CH arylation reactions, followed by an arylative desulfonation. This method provides a new synthetic approach to multisubstituted triarylmethanes using readily available haloarenes and aryl boronic acids, and is also valuable for the preparation of unexplored triarylmethane‐based materials and pharmaceuticals.
Die photoredoxkatalysierte Meerwein‐Addition: intermolekulare Aminoarylierung von Alkenen
Authors: Prasad Hari Durga , Hering Thea , König Burkhard 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEine Vielzahl von Amiden ist unter milden Bedingungen durch intermolekulare Aminoarylierung unter Verwendung einer photokatalytischen Meerwein‐Addition mit sichtbarem Licht erhältlich. Das Syntheseprotokoll erlaubt einen breiten Substratbereich, toleriert eine Bandbreite von funktionellen Gruppen und wurde auf die Synthese eines Isochinolidalkaloids angewendet.
Direct Spectroscopic Detection of the Orientation of Free OH Groups in Methyl Lactate–(Water)1,2 Clusters: Hydration of a Chiral Hydroxy Ester
Authors: Thomas Javix , Sukhorukov Oleksandr , Jäger Wolfgang , Xu Yunjie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHydration of chiral molecules is a subject of significant current interest in light of recent experimental observations of chirality transfer from chiral solutes to water in solution and the important roles which water plays in biological events. Using a broadband chirped pulse and a cavity based microwave spectrometer, we detected spectroscopic signatures of the mono‐ and dihydrates of methyl lactate, a chiral hydroxy ester. Surprisingly, these small hydration clusters show highly specific binding preferences. Not only do they strongly prefer the insertion H‐bonding topology, but they also favor specific pointing direction(s) for their non‐H‐bonded hydroxy group(s). We observed that the particular dihydrate conformer identified is not the most stable one predicted. This work highlights the superior capability of high‐resolution spectroscopy to identify specific water binding topologies, and provides quantitative data to test state‐of‐the‐art theory.
Multicomponent Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Unsaturated N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors and Their Related Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Queval Pierre , Jahier Claire , Rouen Mathieu , Artur Isabelle , Legeay Jean‐Christophe , Falivene Laura , Toupet Loic , Crévisy Christophe , Cavallo Luigi , Baslé Olivier , Mauduit Marc 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA low‐cost, modular, and easily scalable multicomponent procedure affording access in good yields and excellent selectivity (up to 93 %) to a wide range of (a)chiral unsymmetrical 1‐aryl‐3‐cycloalkyl‐imidazolium salts is disclosed. Electronic and steric properties of the corresponding unsymmetrical unsaturated N‐heterocyclic carbene (U2‐NHC) ligands were evaluated and evidenced strong electron donor ability, high steric discrimination, and modular steric demand.
Sequence Control in Polymer Chemistry through the Passerini Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Solleder Susanne C. , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA new strategy to achieve sequence control in polymer chemistry based on the iterative application of the versatile Passerini three‐component reaction (P‐3CR) in combination with efficient thiol–ene addition reactions is introduced. First, stearic acid was used as a starting substrate to build up a sequence‐defined tetramer with a molecular weight of 1.6 kDa. Using an acid‐functionalized PEG allowed for an easier isolation of the sequence‐defined macromolecules by simple precipitation and led to a sequence‐defined pentamer in a block‐copolymer architecture. Importantly, this new strategy completely avoids protecting group chemistry. By following this strategy, a different side chain can be introduced to the polymer/oligomer backbone in a simple way and at a defined position within the macromolecule.
Preparation and Characterization of high‐strength poly(ether ether ketone) films
Authors: Li Wenlei , Wang Guibin , Jiang Zhenhua , Liu Chuan , Huo Pengfei , Zhang Shuling 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTHigh‐strength poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films were prepared through melt extrusion followed by stretching. The tensile strength, orientation, and crystallization behaviors of PEEK films were characterized by universal testing machine, thermomechanical analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that the tensile strength of PEEK films mainly depended on the stretching rate (ν), stretching temperature (T), and stretching ratio (λL). Moreover, the tensile strength of the stretched PEEK film (333 MPa) was almost four times higher than that of the unstretched PEEK film (87 MPa) under an optimized condition. This is attributed to a synergistic effect of orientation and crystallization in the stretching process, and the influence of orientation is stronger than that of the crystallization on the improvement of the tensile strength of PEEK films. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40172.
Quantifying morphological and genetic variation of sympatric populations to guide conservation of endangered, micro‐endemic springsnails
Authors: Morningstar Cayla R. , Inoue Kentaro , Sei Makiri , Lang Brian K. , Berg David J. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

The endangered snails Juturnia kosteri and Pyrgulopsis roswellensis are endemic to springs on Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, NM, USA. These species are small and difficult to distinguish by shell shape.
A morphological analysis of these two species was conducted using geometric morphometrics, and a phylogenetic analysis using the mitochondrial DNA genes COI and ND1 was performed.
Principal component analysis showed significant overlap in shell shape between the two species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two species formed monophyletic clades, with each containing low genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance for each species showed significant variation among populations. Both species showed significant isolation‐by‐distance, but only P. roswellensis showed a significant relationship between shell shape and geographic distance.
The overlapping ranges and the similarity in shell morphology suggest that these micro‐endemic species are difficult to distinguish in the field, particularly by non‐specialists. This presents challenges to population management of these species.
Divergence among populations within each species indicates isolation at very small geographic scales. Because these desert springs are home to endemic species within a variety of invertebrate groups, they are likely to contain significant amounts of yet‐to‐be‐discovered biodiversity; many of these unknown taxa are also likely to be of conservation concern. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal genetic polymorphisms of phase II metabolic enzymes and the risk of fetal neural tube defects
Authors: Wang Linlin , Jin Lei , Liu Jufen , Zhang Yali , Yuan Yue , Yi Deqing , Ren Aiguo 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundMaternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with the risk of fetal neural tube defects (NTDs). Whether maternal genetic variants related to PAH metabolism contribute to the development of fetal NTDs remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study in a Chinese population to examine the association of selected maternal genetic variants of phase II enzymes involved in the elimination of the metabolic intermediates of these chemicals with fetal NTD risk, and to evaluate possible interaction of the genetic variant and maternal exposure to indoor air pollution from coal combustion and smoking (IAPCC). Blood samples were collected from 534 NTD case mothers and 534 control mothers and assayed for 12 polymorphisms of 5 genes encoding phase II enzymes.ResultsWe found that the rs9282861 GG genotype of SULT1A1 was associated with an elevated risk of total NTDs (odds ratio [OR] = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49–3.00), compared with the GA genotype. The SULT1A1 rs9282861 variant showed a significant additive interaction with maternal exposure to IAPCC for NTD risk, with a relative excess risk of interaction of 1.20 (95% CI 0.23–2.18), and the OR for the joint effect of high‐level IAPCC exposure and the GG genotype was 8.37 (95% CI: 3.63–19.28).ConclusionMaternal SULT1A1 polymorphism is associated with the risk of fetal NTDs, and has an additive‐scale interaction with maternal IAPCC exposure for NTD risk. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:13–21, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of congenital anomaly coding in Canada's administrative databases compared with a congenital anomaly registry
Authors: Metcalfe Amy , Sibbald Barbara , Lowry R. Brian , Tough Suzanne , Bernier Francois P. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundCongenital anomaly (CA) surveillance provides epidemiologic data that are necessary for health planning. Approaches to CA surveillance vary; however, an increasing number of jurisdictions rely on administrative health databases for case ascertainment. This study aimed to assess the validity of CA coding in three administrative databases compared with a CA registry.MethodsA cohort of 5862 live and stillborn infants from Calgary Alberta Canada was created through linking 12 clinical and administrative databases. Diagnostic codes for all health care contacts (hospitalizations, emergency room visits, out‐patient physician visits) in the first 3 months of life were examined for relevant International Classification of Disease codes. Sensitivity, positive predictive values, and kappa coefficients were calculated, and data from the Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System was used as the reference standard.ResultsThe ability of administrative data to accurately ascertain CAs varied by data source and the specificity of the diagnosis. Consistently, hospitalization data out‐performed other administrative data sources in terms of sensitivity, positive predictive values, and kappa. Kappa scores for CAs easily visible at birth ranged from moderate (0.62 for emergency room visits and 0.65 for out‐patient physician claims) to good (0.83 for hospitalization data) depending on the data source.ConclusionThe validity of CA coding in administrative databases compared with a CA registry varies by database used and by CA studied. This has important implications for national surveillance efforts. Condition‐specific validity should be assessed locally before use of these data sources for research or planning purposes. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:59–66, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcriptional regulation improves the throughput of three‐hybrid counter selections in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Harton Marie D. , Wingler Laura M. , Cornish Virginia W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe yeast three‐hybrid (Y3H) assay expands the fields of drug discovery and protein engineering by enabling the search of large variant libraries for targets that do not inherently produce a distinct, measurable phenotype. The Y3H assay links the DNA‐binding and activation domains of a transcription factor via a chemically synthesized heterodimeric small molecule, thereby activating a downstream reporter gene. Although the Y3H assay has been successfully applied as a positive selection to discover novel drug targets and to evolve proteins with improved functions, its expansion into applications requiring a high‐throughput, versatile selection against transcriptional activation has been hindered by its limited dynamic range as a counter selection. Here, we describe the development of a second‐generation Y3H counter selection that uses the dual tetracycline (Tet) system to tighten transcriptional regulation of the reporter gene. The Tet Y3H counter selection has an improved dynamic range and provides enrichment from mock libraries of up to 106, a 104‐fold improvement over our original Y3H counter selection. This enhanced dynamic range brings the Y3H counter selection to a standard that is suitable for real‐world protein engineering applications.
Sustainable Development and the Consumer: Exploring the Role of Carbon Labelling in Retail Supply Chains
Authors: Hornibrook Sue , May Claire , Fearne Andrew 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis empirical article contributes to the sustainable development debate by examining consumer responses to carbon labels within a real world context. Given the limitations of methodologies that use self‐reported or intended measures of purchasing behaviour, we use the loyalty card data of the largest supermarket retailer in the UK to measure the impact of carbon labels on sales by different consumer segments. The data show that the trial of carbon labels on supermarket own brand products has had no discernible impact on shifting demand to lower carbon products. In order to explore possible reasons for lack of impact, nine focus groups were held using purposive sampling by retailer consumer segments to allow an exploration of awareness, understanding and use of carbon labels. The findings from the focus groups identified possible reasons for this lack of impact: lack of awareness and understanding of carbon labelling; constraining or facilitating social and cultural influences; and the heterogeneous nature of consumers. As a result, a number of implications for stakeholders are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The Role of Corporate Sustainability in a Low‐Cost Business Model – A Case Study in the Scandinavian Fashion Industry
Authors: Lueg Rainer , Pedersen Maria Medelby , Clemmensen Søren Nørregaard 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis multi‐level case study illustrates how corporate sustainability contributes to the low‐cost business model of a Scandinavian fashion company.Contrary to parts of the extant literature, we do not find that corporate sustainability directly adds measurable value (e.g. a better brand image); neither does it exert coercive control over critical supplier relationships. However, corporate sustainability minimizes the downside risk of the business model. It does so by (1) creating implicit contracts that reach beyond traditional ‘shareholder value’, (2) transferring risk to suppliers and (3) improving leadership by motivating management and employees, and by directing their attention to critical issues.For companies, we offer the insight that corporate sustainability is a necessary complement to shareholder value, even if the relationship is not obvious at first sight. We also suggest that concerted actions of companies or a positive connotation of certification create effective control over suppliers. As to public policy, we conclude that regulators could introduce mandatory disclosure of suppliers to facilitate controls through stakeholders, or alternatively an industry‐wide comply‐or‐explain code of conduct. We also address how regulators can take direct actions against countries with unsustainable labor policies. Last, we suggest future research topics, e.g. expanding the notion of a business model by interpreting ‘adding value’ as prevention of losses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Being ‘Green and Competitive’: The Impact of Environmental Actions and Collaborations on Firm Performance
Authors: Dangelico Rosa Maria , Pontrandolfo Pierpaolo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we seek to enhance the understanding of the link between environmental management and firm performance, so contributing to the debate of being “green and competitive”. Relying on the resource‐based view, we study the effect of different environmental management capabilities on a firm's market and image performance. In particular, we analyze the capabilities to implement product and process‐related environmental actions with different types of environmental focus (materials, energy, pollution) and the capabilities to develop environmental collaborations with different types of actors (both business actors and non‐business actors). To this aim we conducted a survey on 122 Italian companies. Results show that market performance and image performance have partially different antecedents. Specifically, a firm's market performance is positively affected by the capabilities to implement environmental actions with a focus on energy and pollution and to develop environmental collaborations both with business and with non‐business actors. On the other hand, a firm's image performance is positively affected by the capabilities to implement environmental actions with a focus on materials and to develop environmental collaborations with non‐business actors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The Effect of Nitrogen on the Autoreduction of Cobalt Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen‐Doped Ordered Mesoporous Carbon for the Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Yang Yifei , Jia Litao , Hou Bo , Li Debao , Wang Jungang , Sun Yuhan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNitrogen‐doped ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) were prepared by using a post‐synthetic method with cyanamide as a nitrogen source; they were used as supports for the fabrication of the cobalt‐based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts. The obtained composites were well characterised by using nitrogen physisorption, Raman spectroscopy, high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, hydrogen chemisorption, X‐photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry–MS, and in situ XRD to investigate the effects of nitrogen on the dispersion of cobalt species and successive autoreduction behaviour of cobalt oxide as well as the catalytic performance in the FTS. The results indicate that the doped nitrogen atoms, especially the pyridine‐like nitrogen, actually serve as the anchoring sites for cobalt species. Consequently, the more uniform cobalt particle size is observed for the catalysts with nitrogen‐doped OMCs as supports in comparison with their counterparts based on the pristine OMCs. In contrast, the autoreduction temperature of cobalt oxide in the as‐synthesised catalysts lowers considerably after nitrogen doping, although slightly increased autoreduction temperature is observed for the catalysts with relatively high nitrogen content owing to the metal–support interaction. Dictated by the balance between decreasing particle size of cobalt and increasing strength of the metal–support interaction, the cobalt specific activity of the nitrogen‐doped catalysts reaches a maximum and then decreases in the FTS with increasing nitrogen content. Notably, under optimum conditions, the cobalt specific activity on the nitrogen‐doped sample with medium nitrogen content is 1.5 times higher than its analogue on the pristine OMC without compromising the selectivity to C5+ hydrocarbons.
Effect of the Counterion on Light Emission: A Displacement Strategy to Change the Emission Behaviour from Aggregation‐Caused Quenching to Aggregation‐Induced Emission and to Construct Sensitive Fluorescent Sensors for Hg2+ Detection
Authors: Zhao Na , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sung Herman H. Y. , Su Hui Min , Williams Ian D. , Wong Kam Sing , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a simple strategy to change the emission behaviour of luminogenic materials was developed. Tetraphenylethene (TPE)‐functionalised benzothiazolium salts with different counteranions (TPEBeX; X=I−, ClO4− and PF6−) were designed and synthesised. All the luminogens show weak red emission in the solution state that originates from intramolecular charge transfer from TPE to the benzothiazolium unit. Whereas aggregate formation enhances the light emission of TPEBeClO4 and TPEBePF6, that of TPEBeI is quenched, thus demonstrating the phenomena of aggregation‐induced emission and aggregation‐caused quenching. TPEBeI works as a light‐up fluorescent sensor for Hg2+ in aqueous solution with high sensitivity and specificity owing to the elimination of the emission quenching effect of the iodide ion by the formation of HgI2 as well as the induction in aggregate formation by the complexation of Hg2+ with the S atom of the benzothiazolium unit of TPEBeI. A solid film of TPEBeI was prepared that can monitor the level of Hg2+ in aqueous solution with a detection limit of 1 μM.
Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Graphitic Carbon as an Excellent Electrode Material for Advanced Supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Li , Tian Chungui , Fu Yu , Yang Ying , Yin Jie , Wang Lei , Fu Honggang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn advanced supercapacitor material based on nitrogen‐doped porous graphitic carbon (NPGC) with high a surface area was synthesized by means of a simple coordination–pyrolysis combination process, in which tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), nickel nitrate, and glucose were adopted as porogent, graphitic catalyst precursor, and carbon source, respectively. In addition, melamine was selected as a nitrogen source owing to its nitrogen‐enriched structure and the strong interaction between the amine groups and the glucose unit. A low‐temperature treatment resulted in the formation of a NPGC precursor by combination of the catalytic precursor, hydrolyzed TEOS, and the melamine–glucose unit. Following pyrolysis and removal of the catalyst and porogent, the NPGC material showed excellent electrical conductivity owing to its high crystallinity, a large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (SBET=1027 m2 g−1), and a high nitrogen level (7.72 wt %). The unusual microstructure of NPGC materials could provide electrochemical energy storage. The NPGC material, without the need for any conductive additives, showed excellent capacitive behavior (293 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), long‐term cycling stability, and high coulombic efficiency (>99.9 % over 5000 cycles) in KOH when used as an electrode. Notably, in a two‐electrode symmetric supercapacitor, NPGC energy densities as high as 8.1 and 47.5 Wh kg−1, at a high power density (10.5 kW kg−1), were achieved in 6 M KOH and 1 M Et4NBF4‐PC electrolytes, respectively. Thus, the synthesized NPGC material could be a highly promising electrode material for advanced supercapacitors and other conversion devices.