bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the viability of hybrid renewable energy systems in Nigeria
Authors: Mas'ud Abdullahi Abubakar , Yunusa‐Kaltungo Akilu , Rufa'I Nabila Ahmed , Yusuf Najib 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe implementation of renewable energy strategies has been on the rise due to recent global initiatives on sustainable development. In this work, meteorological data obtained from geographically separated stations in Nigeria is utilized to assess the economic benefits of off‐grid renewable energy projects specifically WT/battery, PV/battery, and PV/WT/battery systems for upcoming projects in six different sites, with anticipated start dates in 2023, 2026, and 2029. By utilizing future forecasts of capital costs, this analysis aims to facilitate the decision‐making process regarding the optimal timing and placement of these installations. The WT/battery systems have a levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) that is 20–35 times more in comparison to both PV/WT/battery and PV/battery systems. In 2023, the LCOE for photovoltaic (PV)/battery systems varies from $0.16/kWh in Yola to $0.169/kWh in Port Harcourt. On the other hand, PV/WT/battery systems have the lowest LCOE, ranging from $0.261/kWh in Jos to $0.319/kWh in Port Harcourt. The analysis additionally demonstrated that in the event of project delays, PV/battery systems are projected to exhibit the lowest LCOE across all locations by 2029. This is attributed to the anticipated accelerated reduction in PV and battery expenses compared to the decline in costs associated with WTs. In the specified year, Yola exhibited the most favorable LCOE at $0.0748 per kilowatt‐hour, while Port Harcourt recorded the highest LCOE at $0.113 per kilowatt‐hour. It has been discovered that solar energy exhibits more cost‐effectiveness compared to wind energy, mostly attributable to its superior ability to match generation with load on an hourly and monthly basis, particularly in the presence of heavy loads. This study provides a comprehensive geographical overview that will assist policymakers in the strategic selection of cities in Nigeria for the deployment of off‐grid renewable energy (RE) systems.
Genetic Heterogeneity in Cellular Angiofibromas
Authors: Panagopoulos Ioannis , Andersen Kristin , Lobmaier Ingvild , Lund‐Iversen Marius 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCellular angiofibroma, a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm, is classified within the 13q/RB1 family of tumors due to morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic similarities with spindle cell lipoma. Here, genetic data reveal pathogenetic heterogeneity in cellular angiofibroma.MethodsThree cellular angiofibromas were studied using G‐banding/Karyotyping, array comparative genomic hybridization, RNA sequencing, and direct cycling sequencing.ResultsThe first tumor carried a del(13)(q12) together with heterozygous loss and minimal expression of the RB1 gene. Tumors two and three displayed chromosome 8 abnormalities associated with chimeras of the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1). In tumor 2, the cathepsin B (CTSB) fused to PLAG1 (CTSB::PLAG1) while in tumor 3, the mir‐99a‐let‐7c cluster host gene (MIR99AHG) fused to PLAG1 (MIR99AHG::PLAG1), both leading to elevated expression of PLAG1 and insulin growth factor 2.ConclusionThis study uncovers two genetic pathways contributing to the pathogenetic heterogeneity within cellular angiofibromas. The first aligns with the 13q/RB1 family of tumors and the second involves PLAG1‐chimeras. These findings highlight the diverse genetic landscape of cellular angiofibromas, providing insights into potential diagnostic strategies.
Manipulating crystallographic growth orientation by cation‐enhanced gel‐polymer electrolytes toward reversible low‐temperature zinc‐ion batteries
Authors: Mu Yanlu , Chu Fulu , Wang Baolei , Huang Taizhong , Ding Zhanyu , Ma Delong , Liu Feng , Liu Hong , Wang Haiqing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have garnered significant research interest as promising next‐generation energy storage technologies owing to their affordability and high level of safety. However, their restricted ionic conductivity at subzero temperatures, along with dendrite formation and subsequent side reactions, unavoidably hinder the implementation of grid‐scale applications. In this study, a novel bimetallic cation‐enhanced gel polymer electrolyte (Ni/Zn‐GPE) was engineered to address these issues. The Ni/Zn‐GPE effectively disrupted the hydrogen‐bonding network of water, resulting in a significant reduction in the freezing point of the electrolyte. Consequently, the designed electrolyte demonstrates an impressive ionic conductivity of 28.70 mS cm−1 at −20°C. In addition, Ni2+ creates an electrostatic shielding interphase on the Zn surface, which confines the sequential Zn2+ nucleation and deposition to the Zn (002) crystal plane. Moreover, the intrinsically high activation energy of the Zn (002) crystal plane generated a dense and dendrite‐free plating/stripping morphology and resisted side reactions. Consequently, symmetrical batteries can achieve over 2700 hours of reversible cycling at 5 mA cm−2, while the Zn || V2O5 battery retains 85.3% capacity after 1000 cycles at −20°C. This study provides novel insights for the development and design of reversible low‐temperature zinc‐ion batteries.image
From illness to inactivity: Exploring the influence of physical diseases on youth Not in Education, Employment, or Training status in Europe: A systematic literature review
Authors: Lindblad Victoria , Kragholm Kristian Hay , Gaardsted Pernille Skou , Hansen Line Elise Møller , Lauritzen Fie Falk , Melgaard Dorte 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn 2010, 33% of young Europeans (ages 15–29) were Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET), rising to 40 million by 2015. Those with disabilities or health challenges are 40% more likely to be NEET. Hence, we conducted a systematic search to identify health challenges as NEET risk factors.MethodsA systematic search was conducted across four databases on February 21, 2023, with an update on January 15, 2024. Data collected after 1980 were included. The main findings from this search concerning risk factors are summarized in a chart.ResultsA total of 33,314 articles were screened, resulting in the inclusion of 32 articles in this review. The review identified multiple physical risk factors associated with NEET status, which were categorized into two primary domains: congenital conditions and birth‐related factors, for example, factors encompassed neonatal life in utero and experiences related to birth, and health conditions during childhood and adolescence, for example, survivors of childhood cancer and other severe health conditions during childhood and adolescents.ConclusionsOur findings highlight that varying congenital conditions and birth‐related factors as well as diseases from childhood to adulthood challenges or even hinder educational and job market participation, this emphasizing the importance of targeted support for children facing health challenges. These findings highlight the immediate requirement for comprehensive interventions specifically designed for children and adolescents who are for example, preterm, have experienced severe illness, or are coping with chronic diseases. These interventions should address the challenges encountered by youth in NEET. However, limited evidence on the impact of health conditions on NEET status underscores the necessity for further research into both short‐ and long‐term effects.
Broad versus narrow research questions in evidence synthesis: A parallel to (and plea for) estimands
Authors: Remiro‐Azócar Antonio , Gorst‐Rasmussen Anders 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere has been a transition from broad to more specific research questions in the practice of network meta‐analysis (NMA). Such convergence is also taking place in the context of individual registrational trials, following the recent introduction of the estimand framework, which is impacting the design, data collection strategy, analysis and interpretation of clinical trials. The language of estimands has much to offer to NMA, particularly given the “narrow” perspective of treatments and target populations taken in health technology assessment.
A layered solid finite element formulation with interlaminar enhanced displacements for the modeling of laminated composite structures
Authors: Giffin Brian D. , Zoller Miklos J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAccurate modeling of layered composite structures often requires the use of detailed finite element models which can sufficiently resolve the kinematics and material behavior within each layer of the composite. However, individually discretizing each material layer into finite elements presents a prohibitive computational expensive given the large number of thin layers comprising some laminated composites. To address these challenges, an 8‐node layered solid hexahedral finite element is formulated with the aim of striking an appropriate balance between efficiency and fidelity. The element is discretized into an arbitrary number of distinct material layers, and employs reduced in‐plane integration within each layer. The chosen reduced integration scheme is supplemented by a novel physical stabilization approach which includes layerwise enhancements to mitigate various forms of locking phenomena. The proposed framework additionally supports the inclusion of interlaminar enhanced displacements to better represent the kinematics of general layered composite materials. The described element formulation has been implemented in the ParaDyn finite element code, and its efficacy for modeling laminated composite structures is demonstrated on a variety of verification problems.
Reducing Length of Stay in Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery Patients: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Bhatt Nupur , Yang Jackie , DeBaere Lauren , Wang Ronald Shen , Most Allison , Zhang Yan , Dayanov Elan , Yang Wenqing , Santacatterina Michele , Kamberi Maria , Mojica Jacqueline , Kamen Emily , Savitski Justin , Stein John , Jacobson Adam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether a new preoperative education and discharge planning protocol reduced unexpected discharge delays for patients undergoing reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer.MethodsA quality improvement (QI) intervention was implemented in January 2021 with several components to address historically prolonged observed lengths of stay (LOS) with head and neck cancer patients. The intervention added a preoperative educational visit with a head and neck cancer advanced practice provider, a standardized preoperative speech and swallow assessment, a personalized patient care plan document, discussion of inpatient hospital stay expectations, and early discharge planning. The intervention group included patients who underwent the preoperative education protocol from February to December 2021. For comparison, an age and sex‐matched control group was constructed from inpatients who had been admitted for similar procedures in the 2 years prior to the QI intervention (2019‐2020) and received standard of care counseling.ResultsOur study demonstrated a significant reduction in observed to expected LOS ratio after implementation of the intervention (1.24 ± 0.74 control, 0.95 ± 0.52 intervention; P = .012).DiscussionWe discuss a preoperative education QI intervention at our institution. Our findings demonstrate that our intervention was associated with decreased LOS for patients undergoing head and neck reconstructive surgeries.Implications for PracticeThis QI study shows the benefit of a new standardized preoperative education and discharge planning protocol for patients undergoing head and neck reconstructive surgeries.
Mechanical behavior of hybrid glass‐flax‐carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer composites under static and dynamic loading
Authors: Mabrouk Osama M. , Khair‐Eldeen Wael , Hassanin Ahmed H. , Hassan Mohsen A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present study investigates the quasi‐static and dynamic mechanical properties of the composite laminates reinforced by flax hybridized with E‐glass and/or carbon fabrics. Epoxy resin was used as the polymeric matrix. Three different hybrid composite laminates were prepared: Glass/flax (HGF), carbon/flax (HCF), and carbon/glass/flax (HCGF) composite laminates. Non‐hybrid flax composite laminate (NHF) was prepared as a reference material. The quasi‐static mechanical properties were investigated by performing tensile and flexural tests. The dynamic mechanical behavior was evaluated using the split Hopkinson pressure bar test and dynamic mechanical analysis technique. The results showed that hybridizing flax with glass and/or carbon fibers significantly enhanced both the quasi‐static and dynamic mechanical properties of the composite system. Due to hybridization, the tensile strength increased from 50.5 MPa for NHF to 71.5, 162, and 107 MPa for HGF, HCF, and HCGF, respectively. Similarly, the flexural strength increased from 33.4 MPa for NHF to 104, 149, and 112 MPa for HGF, HCF, and HCGF, respectively. All the composite laminates showed a strain rate‐dependent behavior when tested using the SHPB test. Moreover, the dynamic compressive strength was substantially improved due to hybridization. DMA results showed that hybridization significantly improved the storage modulus and loss modulus of hybrid composites.Highlights
Polymer composites reinforced with flax fabric hybridized with glass and/or carbon fabrics were fabricated.
The fabricated hybrid composites were subjected to quasi‐static mechanical tests (tensile and flexural) and dynamic mechanical tests (DMA and SHPB).
The hybridization approach was effective in improving the static and dynamic mechanical properties of hybrid composites.
The static and dynamic behavior of hybrid composites can be tailored by controlling the type of synthetic fibers hybridized with natural ones.
Whole genome resequencing reveals the evolutionary history and geographic isolation of the eastern Asian Hickory (Carya)
Authors: Zhang Da , Yang Rui‐Feng , Chen Jia‐Hui , Pan Lang‐Bo , Duan Wei , Xia Guo‐Hua , Zhang Qi‐Xiang , Huang You‐Jun 
Published: August 2024

Societal Impact StatementUnraveling the genetic intricacies and evolutionary history of Asian Hickories through advanced genome sequencing gives valuable insights into their ecological adaptations. Understanding the impact of historical dynamics, climate fluctuations, and geographical barriers on Asian hickories not only contributes to scientific knowledge but also empowers policymakers with evidence‐based decisions and guides conservationists in their efforts to protect vulnerable species. The identification of potential habitats, especially for the endangered Carya kweichowensis, offers a promising avenue for targeted conservation efforts, aligning with global initiatives to preserve Earth's precious biodiversity, but also ensures the conservation of a vital genetic reservoir for nut‐bearing economic tree species.SummaryBiogeographic characteristics of disjunct distribution play a vital role in plant geography and the endangered mechanism. The whole genome resequencing provides an opportunity to study the genetic relationship, population diffusion, and floristic evolution of disjunctive‐distribution flora. Based on the SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) data generated by the whole genome deep resequencing of five EA (Eastern Asian) Carya species, we constructed the phylogenetic tree, genetic structure, and species distribution modeling to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and to predict the potential distribution area of EA Carya. Phylogenetic analysis of Carya revealed two distinct clades, separating EA Carya from NA (North America) Carya. C. kweichowensis, an endangered species, showed the lowest nucleotide diversity and the earliest divergence among studied EA Carya species. Species distribution modeling predicted suitable habitats for five EA Carya species, revealing the potential distribution of endangered C. kweichowensis. Importantly, minimal spatial overlap was observed among distribution regions of EA Carya species during different time periods. The uneven regional distribution of EA Carya is believed to be a consequence of Quaternary climate fluctuations, mountain barriers hindering species dispersal, and the limited cold tolerance of these trees. EA Carya highlights the significant role of climate and geological changes in their regional distribution and migration routes in Asia. Furthermore, the discovery of potential habitats offers a promising avenue for the conservation of C. kweichowensis.
Induction of antiherbivore defense responses in poplars using a methyl jasmonate and mesoporous silica nanoparticle complex
Authors: Fang Jiaxing , Gan Wei , Wang Zheng , Zhang Rong , Zhang Sufang , Liu Fu , Zhao Xiyang , Kong Xiangbo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoplar in China has long been plagued by the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea. Enhancing plant immunity using chemical elicitors is an environmentally friendly approach to pest control. The phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can stimulate the chemical defenses of poplars against herbivores but has been shown to have limited efficacy in practice. Here, we studied the effects of a MeJA and mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) complex (MeJA@MSN) regarding the induction of poplar resistance to H. cunea, which may provide strategies for the effective use of MeJA.RESULTSThe silicon‐based phytohormone complex (MeJA@MSNs) exhibited excellent biological and physiochemical properties, such as excellent biocompatibility and plant tissue transportability. The changes in metabolites in poplar leaves induced by MeJA, MSNs, and MeJA@MSNs were investigated by metabolic analysis. MeJA@MSNs led to highly potent induced resistance along with elevated salicylaldehyde content, which increased with the dose administered. The salicylaldehyde metabolite showed a strong antifeedant effect on H. cunea larvae at a dosage of 1 μg, with the 50% lethal dose being 20.4 μg/mg. Furthermore, transcriptional analysis showed that MeJA@MSNs upregulated key genes in biosynthetic pathways more than MeJA and MSNs.CONCLUSIONOur results show that MeJA and MSNs interact positively in poplar, leading to salicylaldehyde accumulation and increased induced resistance to H. cunea, providing new insights into the underlying resistance mechanisms induced by MeJA@MSNs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Plant natural product‐based pesticides in crop protection: semi‐synthesis, mono‐crystal structures and agrochemical activities of osthole ester derivatives, and study of their toxicology against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval)
Authors: Hao Meng , Jiang Linlin , Lv Min , Ding Haixia , Zhou Yimeng , Xu Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDOwing to large amounts of synthetic pesticides being extensively and unreasonably used for crop protection, currently, resistance and negative impacts on human health and environment safety have appeared. Therefore, development of potential pesticide candidates is highly urgent. Herein, a series of ester derivatives of osthole were designed and synthesized as pesticidal agents.RESULTSSix spatial configurations of 4′‐(p‐toluenoyloxy)osthole (4b), 4′‐(m‐fluorobenzoyloxy)osthole (4f), 4′‐(p‐fluorophenylacetyloxy)osthole (4m), 4′‐(3′′,4′′‐methylenedioxybenzoyloxy)osthole (4q), 4′‐formyloxyosthole (4u) and 4′‐acetyloxyosthole (4v) were determined by X‐ray mono‐crystal diffraction. Compounds 4b, 4′‐(p‐chlorobenzoyloxy)osthole (4g), 4′‐(m‐chlorobenzoyloxy)osthole (4h), 4′‐(p‐bromobenzoyloxy)osthole (4i) and 4′‐(2′′‐chloropyridin‐3′′‐ylcarbonyloxy)osthole (4p) showed higher insecticidal activity than toosendanin against Mythimna separata Walker; notably, compound 4b displayed 1.8 times insecticidal activity of the precursor osthole. Against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, compounds 4g and 4h showed 3.3 and 2.6 times acaricidal activity of osthole, and good control effects in the glasshouse. Scanning electron microscopy assay demonstrated that compound 4g can damage the cuticle layer of T. cinnabarinus resulting in death.CONCLUSIONCompounds 4g and 4h can be further studied as lead pesticidal agents for the management of M. separata and T. cinnabarinus. These results will pave the way for application of osthole derivatives as agrochemicals. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ramsey numbers of cycles in random graphs
Authors: Araújo Pedro , Pavez‐Signé Matías , Sanhueza‐Matamala Nicolás 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLet be the Ramsey number of the cycle on vertices. We prove that, for some , with high probability every 2‐coloring of the edges of has a monochromatic copy of , as long as and . This is sharp up to the value of and it improves results of Letzter and of Krivelevich, Kronenberg, and Mond.
Customizing Pore Structure and Lithiophilic Sites Dual‐Gradient Free‐Standing 3D Lithium‐Based Anode to Enable Excellent Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Fu Xiangxiang , Hu Yangming , Li Wanting , He Jiafeng , Deng Yuanfu , Zhang Rui , Chen Guohua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDeveloping 3D hosts is one of the most promising strategies for putting forward the practical application of lithium(Li)‐based anodes. However, the concentration polarization and uniform electric field of the traditional 3D hosts result in undesirable “top growth” of Li, reduced space utilization, and obnoxious dendrites. Herein, a novel dual‐gradient 3D host (GDPL‐3DH) simultaneously possessing gradient‐distributed pore structure and lithiophilic sites is constructed by an electrospinning route. Under the synergistic effect of the gradient‐distributed pore and lithiophilic sites, the GDPL‐3DH exhibits the gradient‐increased electrical conductivity from top to bottom. Also, Li is preferentially and uniformly deposited at the bottom of the GDPL‐3DH with a typical “bottom‐top” mode confirmed by the optical and SEM images, without Li dendrites. Consequently, an ultra‐long lifespan of 5250 h of a symmetrical cell at 2 mA cm−2 with a fixed capacity of 2 mAh cm−2 is achieved. Also, the full cells based on the LiFePO4, S/C, and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes all exhibit excellent performances. Specifically, the LiFePO4‐based cell maintains a high capacity of 136.8 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 1 C (1 C = 170 mA g−1) with 94.7% capacity retention. The novel dual‐gradient strategy broadens the perspective of regulating the mechanism of lithium deposition.
Mechanical Tuning of Fluorescence Lifetime and Bandgap in an Elastically Flexible Molecular Semiconductor Crystal
Authors: Dar Arif Hassan , Rahman Atiqur , Mondal Srijan , Barman Argha , Gupta Monika , Chowdhury Pramit K. , Thomas Sajesh P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite having superior transport properties, lack of mechanical flexibility is a major drawback of crystalline molecular semiconductors as compared to their polymer analogues. Here single crystals of an organic semiconductor are reported that are not only flexible but exhibit systematic tuning of bandgaps, fluorescence lifetime, and emission wavelengths upon elastically bending. Spatially resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging and confocal fluorescence microscopy reveals systematic trends in the lifetime decay across the bent crystal region along with shifts in the emission wavelength. From the outer arc to the inner arc of the bent crystal, a significant decrease in the lifetime of ≈1.9 ns is observed, with a gradual bathochromic shift of ≈10 nm in the emission wavelength. For the crystal having a bandgap of 2.73 eV, the directional stress arising from bending leads to molecular reorientation effects and variations in the extent of intermolecular interactions– which are correlated to the lowering of bandgap and the evolution of the projected density of states. The systematic changes in the interactions quantified using electron density topological analysis in the compressed inner arc and elongated outer arc region are correlated to the non‐radiative decay processes, thus rationalizing the tuning of fluorescence lifetime.