bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education and the prevention of postural defects
Authors: Olchowska-Kotala Agnieszka , Chromik Krystyna 
Published: May 2015

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine: whether and at what stage of education is proper body posture learned, the intention of young adults to participate in activities teaching proper posture, and the effects of factors related with the said intention.MethodsThe study involved 430 university students aged 18-24 years. Anthropometric data was collected. Participants completed questionnaires assessing physical activity level (IPAQ) and their intention to participate in extracurricular activities teaching proper posture while sitting or walking, proper running technique, corrective gymnastics, or weight loss exercises. A self-assessment of posture, physical fitness, attractiveness, and body satisfaction was also completed.ResultsLower back pain was experienced by 41% of the respondents. Most were taught proper posture-related habits in primary school, followed by secondary school, and then at university. Many students expressed their intention to participate in the extracurricular activities. None of the questionnaire variables were associated with the intention to learn proper walking posture or proper running technique. The intention to participate in classes teaching proper sitting posture was associated with lower back pain in women and low physical activity level in men. In women, a relationship was found between the intention to participate in weight loss exercises and body dissatisfaction, high BMI, and poor self-evaluations of posture and attractiveness. In men, this activity was associated with body dissatisfaction.ConclusionsThere is a need for further education on the development of proper postural habits at the university level.
The effects of rule changes on basketball game results in the Men’s European Basketball Championships
Authors: Pluta Beata , Andrzejewski Marcin , Lira Jarosław 
Published: May 2015

PurposeThe aim the study was to analyze the effects of rule changes in men’s professional basketball. Univariate analysis examined game statistics, concentrating only on points scores from selected basketball games and did not include situational variables that may have affected game dynamics.MethodsData on the results of all games played in the men’s European Basketball Championships between 1935 and 2013 were collected and subjected to statistical analysis. Six main rule modifications which directly affected game play were identified in chronological order.ResultsThe number of points scored and allowed changed significantly after 1956. The greatest changes in game scores as a result of rule modifications were after rule changes in 1956 and after 1984.ConclusionsRule changes involve processes that modify game conditions and should be validated following reflective analysis.
The effects of various running inclines on three-segment foot mechanics and plantar fascia strain
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Atkins Stephen , Vincent Hayley 
Published: May 2015

PurposeThere has yet to be a combined analysis of three-dimensional multi-segment foot kinematics and plantar fascia strain in running gait at various degrees of inclination. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate the above during treadmill running at different inclines (0°, 5°, 10° and 15°).MethodsTwelve male participants ran at 4.0 m • s<sup>-1</sup> in the four different inclinations. Three-dimensional kinematics of the foot segments and plantar fascia strain were quantified for each incline and contrasted using one-way repeated measures ANOVA.Results and conclusionsThe results showed that plantar fascia strain increased significantly as a function of running incline. Given the projected association between plantar fascia strain and the aetiology of injury, inclined running may be associated with a greater incidence of injury to the plantar fascia.
Categorizing expressive speech acts in the pragmatically annotated SPICE Ireland corpus
Authors: Ronan Patricia 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Expressive speech acts are one of the five basic categories of speech acts identified by Searle (1976). Expressives remain underresearched, though select categories of expressive speech acts, especially offering thanks and compliments, have received more extensive attention. An overall classification of expressive speech acts on the basis of corpus data has not yet been carried out. The current study provides a first survey of different types of expressive speech acts on the basis of three categories of spoken Irish English of different levels of formality: broadcast discussion, classroom discussion and face-to-face interaction. The data are extracted from the pragmatically tagged SPICE-Ireland corpus, a member of the International Corpus of English-family of corpora. The aim of the current study is to offer an overview and classification of expressives in the corpus material. Eight distinct subcategories of expressive speech acts are identified in this study. These categories are agreement, disagreement, volition, offering thanks, apologies, exclamations, expressions of sorrow and greetings.
Validating Dart Model
Authors: Mazur Jolanta , Zaborek Piotr 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The primary objective of the study was to quantitatively test the DART model, which despite being one of the most popular representations of co-creation concept was so far studied almost solely with qualitative methods. To this end, the researchers developed a multiple measurement scale and employed it in interviewing managers. The statistical evidence for adequacy of the model was obtained through CFA with AMOS software. The findings suggest that the DART model may not be an accurate representation of co-creation practices in companies. From the data analysis it was evident that the building blocks of DART had too much of conceptual overlap to be an effective framework for quantitative analysis. It was also implied that the phenomenon of co-creation is so rich and multifaceted that it may be more adequately captured by a measurement model where co-creation is conceived as a third-level factor with two layers of intermediate latent variables.
Signaling cascades and inflammasome activation in microbial infections
Authors: Ali Syed Raza , Karin Michael , Nizet Victor 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecognition of extracellular pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) results in activation of host defense signaling pathways. Some virulent microbes can attenuate and escape antimicrobial immunity by manipulating these signaling pathways. However, impairment of the primary innate response may potentiate the activation of secondary defense program, centered around Nucleotide-binding domain and Leucine-rich repeat containing Receptor (NLRs) for inflammasome formation and IL-1β production. This review analyzes the current knowledge regarding association of innate immune signaling pathways with inflammasome activation in response to bacterial infection.
Evaluation and modeling of aerodynamic properties of mung bean seeds
Authors: Shahbazi Feizollah 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Aerodynamic properties of solid materials have long been used to convey and separate seeds and grains during post harvest operations. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the aerodynamic properties of mung bean seeds as a function of moisture content and two grades referred to above and below a cut point of 4.8 mm in length. The results showed that as the moisture content increased from 7.8 to 25% (w.b.), the terminal velocity of seeds increased following a polynomial relationship, from 7.28 to 8.79 and 6.02 to 7.12 m s-1, for grades A and B, respectively. Seeds at grade A had terminal velocities with a mean value of 8.05 m s-1, while at grade B had a mean value of 6.46 m s-1. The Reynolds number of both grades increased linearly with the increase of seeds moisture content, while the drag coefficient decreased with the increase of moisture content. Mathematical relationships were developed to relate the change in seeds moisture content with the obtained values of aerodynamic properties. The analysis of variance showed that moisture content had a significant effect, at 1% probability level, on all the aerodynamics properties of mung beans.
Effect of reclamation on the structure of silty-clay soils irrigated with saline-sodic waters
Authors: Cucci Giovanna , Lacolla Giovanni , Pagliai Marcello , Vignozzi Nadia 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The objective of the work was to evaluate, by using the micromorphometric method, the effects of reclamation on porosity of two different clay loam soils irrigated with saline-sodic waters. Soil samples of the Ap horizon were put in cylindrical containers and irrigated with 9 types of saline-sodic waters (3 levels of salinity combined with 3 levels of sodicity). After a 4-year period, correction treatments were initiated by addition of calcium sulphate and leaching until electrical conductivity and sodium absorption ratio values of the drainage water matched 3 dS m-1 and 9, respectively. After 2 years of correction treatments, undisturbed soil samples were taken from the surface layer and soil thin sections for porosity measurements. Both soils did not show critical macroporosity values (> 10%, below this threshold a soil is classified as compact). Nevertheless, the soils exhibited a different behaviour: total porosity of the Pachic Haploxeroll soil was not affected by difference in water salinity and alkalinity; on the contrary, the Udertic Ustochrept soil showed a lower porosity associated with higher salt concentration in the irrigation waters. This may be due to the different iron and aluminium sesquioxides content and, as a consequence, a different effect on soil aggregate stability.
Dehydrogenase activity of forest soils depends on the assay used
Authors: Januszek Kazimierz , Długa Joanna , Socha Jarosław 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Dehydrogenases are exclusively intracellular enzymes, which play an important role in the initial stages of oxidation of soil organic matter. One of the most frequently used methods to estimate dehydrogenase activity in soil is based on the use of triphenyltetrazolium chloride as an artificial electron acceptor. The purpose of this study was to compare the activity of dehydrogenases of forest soils with varied physicochemical properties using different triphenyltetrazolium chloride assays. The determination was carried out using the original procedure by Casida et al., a modification of the procedure which involves the use of Ca(OH)2 instead of CaCO3, the Thalmann method, and the assay by Casida et al. without addition of buffer or any salt. Soil dehydrogenase activity depended on the assay used. Dehydrogenase determined by the Casida et al. method without addition of buffer or any salt correlated with the pH values of soils. The autoclaved strongly acidic samples of control soils showed high concentrations of triphenylformazan, probably due to chemical reduction of triphenyltetrazolium chloride. There is, therefore, a need for a sterilization method other than autoclaving, ie a process that results in significant changes in soil properties, thus helping to increase the chemical reduction of triphenyltetrazolium chloride.
Non-enzymatic browning and flavour kinetics of vacuum dried onion slices
Authors: Mitra Jayeeta , Shrivastava Shanker L. , Rao Pavuluri S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Onion slices were dehydrated under vacuum to produce good quality dried ready-to-use onion slices. Colour development due to non-enzymatic browning and flavour loss in terms of thiosulphinate concentration was determined, along with moisture content and rehydration ratio. Kinetics of non-enzymatic browning and thiosulphinate loss during drying was analysed. Colour change due to non-enzymatic browning was found to be much lower in the case of vacuum dried onion, and improved flavour retention was observed as compared to hot air dried onion slices. The optical index values for non-enzymatic browning varied from 18.41 to 38.68 for untreated onion slices and from 16.73 to 36.51 for treated slices, whereas thiosulphinate concentration in the case of untreated onion slices was within the range of 2.96-3.92 μmol g-1 for dried sample and 3.71-4.43 μmol g-1 for the treated onion slices. Rehydration ratio was also increased, which may be attributed to a better porous structure attained due to vacuum drying. The treatment applied was found very suitable in controlling non-enzymatic browning and flavour loss during drying, besides increasing rehydration ratio. Hence, high quality dried ready- to-use onion slices were prepared.
Prediction of moisture content uniformity using hyperspectral imaging technology during the drying of maize kernel
Authors: Huang Min , Zhao Weiyan , Wang Qingguo , Zhang Min , Zhu Qibing 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Moisture content uniformity is one of critical parameters to evaluate the quality of dried products and the drying technique. The potential of the hyperspectral imaging technique for evaluating the moisture content uniformity of maize kernels during the drying process was investigated. Predicting models were established using the partial least squares regression method. Two methods, using the prediction value of moisture content to calculate the uniformity (indirect) and predicting the moisture content uniformity directly, were investigated. Better prediction results were achieved using the direct method (with correlation coefficients RP = 0.848 and root-mean-square error of prediction RMSEP = 2.73) than the indirect method (RP = 0.521 and RMSEP = 10.96). The hyperspectral imaging technique showed significant potential in evaluating moisture content uniformity of maize kernels during the drying process.
Low-Cost Scalable Home Video Surveillance System
Authors: Przybylo Jaromir , Grabska-Chrzastowska Joanna , Korohoda Przemyslaw 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Automated and intelligent video processing and analysis systems are becoming increasingly popular in video surveillance. Such systems must meet a number of requirements, such as threat detection and real-time video recording. Furthermore, they cannot be expensive and must not consume too much energy because they have to operate continuously. The work presented here focuses on building a home video surveillance system matching the household budget and possibly making use of hardware available in the house. Also, it must provide basic functionality (such as video recording and detecting threats) all the time, and allow for a more in-depth analysis when more computing power be available.
Analysis of the Granular Material Concentration Changes During Silo Discharging Process Based on X-Ray Image Analysis
Authors: Grudzien Krzysztof 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In the paper is presented methodology of the X-ray image processing application to investigate gravitational flow in rectangular silo model. The proposed normalization procedure of X-ray data allows to visualize the changes of the volume fraction of sand during silo discharging process. The applied procedure of image processing, in contrast to the previously author works, allows to obtained more accurate information about the changes of material distribution level during process. The conducted image analysis simplifies the investigation of mass flow in various area of silo. The obtained results show the different particle behaviour in centre and at silo wall area. The experiments were conducted for different initially level of sand densities and roughness of the silo wall. Visualization of dissimilarity in interaction between the particles and particles, and between particles and the silo walls, even for smooth wall, was the main result of the Xray image analysis, especially for shear zone visualization.
Identity and the New Nationalist Pronouncements
Authors: Kaufmann Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
It is a common mistake to believe that identity deals with history, our memory, and our roots. While the center of identity-related processes is quite different, it cannot certainly ignore objective reality, and the individual’s past. The inflationary use of the term dates only half a century back. Before that (except for administration) rarely was there any question of identity posed, because the individual was defined mainly by the institutional frameworks that determined him. The question of identity might have emerged gradually, as the gap widened, in the case of an individuality willing to be asserting itself as autonomous. First and foremost, it emerges out of subjectivity at work, with the purpose of making meaning which, in turn, is no longer conferred only by the social position occupied. It is an ever changing meaning, and in every instance a necessary condition of action. This is so because in a society dominated by reflexivity and critical thinking, the individual is persistently compelled to get involved in a cognitive functioning of the opposite type, in order to be able to act, creating small beliefs underlying personal evidences. At the heart of the most advanced modernity, the core of identity processes is, surprisingly, of a religious type. This process does not render itself evident in an isolated manner. Various affiliations (cultural, national, and religious) may be used, as well as many others resources, often mobile and diverse, which may turn into totalitarian, fixed, exclusive and sectarian statements. By such a framing of the entire landscape of the identity process, one may better understand the paradoxical situation of current nationalist expressions in Europe. They do not disappear, but sometimes even materialize into acute forms, even if the frameworks of socialization become increasingly transnational. It is precisely because the objective substrate of national identity is weakening, that its eruptive movements (during crises provoked by extremely different reasons) become unpredictable and uncontrollable and particularly dangerous for democracy.
From Cow to Cradle. Mutations and Meanings of Rural Household in Post-socialism
Authors: Mihăilescu Vintilă 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article points at the path to modernization of the recent Romanian households, meaning, in this case, the out ruling of productive activities from the household’s space and time (Max Weber). A brief social history of the household (gospodărie) tries to trace back this longue durée process focusing on the shift in the work ethics from a normative model of the ‘good householder’ to an ‘aesthetisation of life’ (Max Weber) and symbolic emancipation. The main interest of the article concerns the relatively new phenomenon of ‘rustic houses’, which is less an architectural, than a lifestyle choice. Contrasted with the former ‘pride houses’ that spread all over the Romanian villages in the last decade, the peasant rustic taste seems to express a kind of return to the local and the past articulated with a modern concern for comfort and appearance: ‘rustic is traditional and modern in the same time!’ – claimed one of our informants. Rusticity thus becomes a (post)modern simulacrum of genuine peasant life. The final part of the article tries to transcend this mere semantic overview in search of its deeper and subjective motivations. In doing so, the article is approaching these recent rural households in the terms of Axel Honneth’s social recognition theory. It also suggests that, in this respect, the rustic taste expresses an existential search for authenticity.
Neoliberalism: A Foucauldian Perspective
Authors: Cotoi Călin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The contemporary investigations on power, politics, government and knowledge are profoundly influenced by Foucault’s work. Governmentality, as a specific way of seeing the connections between the formation of subjectivities and population politics, has been used extensively in anthropology as neoliberal governmentalities have been spreading after the 1990s all over the world. A return to Foucault can help to clarify some overtly ideological uses of ‘neoliberalism’ in nowadays social sciences.
The Idea Is for Us to Work Here In The Workshop!: The Re-functionalization Of Artisans’ Economic and Cultural Circuits In Florianopolis, South Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Corrêa Ronaldo , Rial Carmen , Queluz Gilson Leandro 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
The purpose of the paper is to present and interpret strategies used by urban artisans to (re)functionalize their workshops into showcases where their performances are (re)organized and exhibited. The workshop is presented here as a privileged space where different aesthetic and political, economic and historic experiences (re)construct performances, as well as other systems of artifacts and spatialities. The atelier is understood as architectural space that performatizes globalized scenographies of desire and their fragmentations and overlappings. We conducted an ethnography impregnated by the random relation of events, encounters and exchanges (whether symbolic or economic) in urban contexts. As a result, we present various devices that trigger expression and updating found in both the artisans’ biographical trajectories and in the systems of artifacts and spaces in a recent urban society.
Monadic Tree Print
Authors: Grzanek Konrad 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Directed acyclic graphs and trees in particular belong to the most extensively used data structures. Visualizing them properly is a key to a success when developing complex algorithms that make use of them. Textual visualizations a la UNIX tree command is essential when the urge is to deal with large trees. Our aim was to design a library that would exploit this approach and to make an implementation of it for a purely functional programming language. The library uses monads to print directly into an output stream or to generate immutable Strings. This paper gives a detailed overview of the solution.
Population Diversity Maintenance In Brain Storm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Cheng Shi , Shi Yuhui , Qin Quande , Zhang Qingyu , Bai Ruibin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The convergence and divergence are two common phenomena in swarm intelligence. To obtain good search results, the algorithm should have a balance on convergence and divergence. The premature convergence happens partially due to the solutions getting clustered together, and not diverging again. The brain storm optimization (BSO), which is a young and promising algorithm in swarm intelligence, is based on the collective behavior of human being, that is, the brainstorming process. The convergence strategy is utilized in BSO algorithm to exploit search areas may contain good solutions. The new solutions are generated by divergence strategy to explore new search areas. Premature convergence also happens in the BSO algorithm. The solutions get clustered after a few iterations, which indicate that the population diversity decreases quickly during the search. A definition of population diversity in BSO algorithm is introduced in this paper to measure the change of solutions’ distribution. The algorithm's exploration and exploitation ability can be measured based on the change of population diversity. Different kinds of partial reinitialization strategies are utilized to improve the population diversity in BSO algorithm. The experimental results show that the performance of the BSO is improved by part of solutions re-initialization strategies.