bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid and simultaneous determination of multiple classes of abused drugs and metabolites in human urine by a robust LC‐MS/MS method – application to urine drug testing in pain clinics
Authors: Wang Jianmei , Yang Zhen , Lechago James 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA simple LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantitatively analyzing six classes of 26 abused drugs and metabolites in human urine: (1) illicit drugs; (2) opiates; (3) synthetic opioids; (4) sedative; (5) stimulants; and (6) γ‐aminobutyric acid analogs. All urine samples were diluted with a mixture of isotope‐labeled internal standards, hydrolyzed with β‐glucuronidase and directly injected in a gradient chromatographic run. The mobile phase was composed of 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% of formic acid in methanol. A 4.9 min run time using the multiplexing driver and ultra‐biphenyl column (50 × 2.1 mm, 5 µm, RESTEK) allowed all drugs to have sufficient resolution in a short elute time. The overlapping liquid chromatography runs and scheduled multiple reaction monitoring acquisition method resulted in a higher overall throughput for the system. The result was linear over the studied range (2–16,000 ng/mL) for all compounds with correlation coefficients r2 ≥ 0.995. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions and accuracies were within 15% and recovery was between 83 and 115% for all analytes. Freeze–thaw stability for three cycles and long‐term stability (57 days, −20°C) were established for all analytes. The cross‐validation between College of American Pathologists and in‐house was validated (0.06% ≤ bias ≤ 12.3%). The applicability of the method was examined by analyzing urine samples from chronic pain patients (n = 610). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of antibiotics as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoretic enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals: a review
Authors: Dixit Shuchi , Park Jung Hag 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTRecent years have witnessed several new trends in chiral separation, for example, the enantiorecognition ability of several new antibiotics has been explored using capillary electrophoresis (CE) prior to HPLC; antibiotics have been employed as chiral selectors (CSs) in a nonaqueous CE (NACE) mode; and several new detection techniques (namely, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection) have been used in combination with CE for quantification of enantiomers. On account of these emerging trends, this article aims to review the application of various classes of antibiotics for CE enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals. A detailed account of the basic factors affecting enantioseparation, certain limitations of antibiotics as CSs and strategies to mitigate them, and advantages of NACE while using antibiotics as CSs has also been presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of near‐infrared spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography for detection of lipid
Authors: Yonetsu Taishi , Suh William , Abtahian Farhad , Kato Koji , Vergallo Rocco , Kim Soo‐Joong , Jia Haibo , McNulty Iris , Lee Hang , Jang Ik‐Kyung 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo compare intracoronary near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the detection of lipid, to identify NIRS signals to differentiate superficial lipid, and to characterize the plaque with yellow block (YB) chemograms on NIRS.BackgroundIntracoronary NIRS has been developed to detect lipid core plaque (LCP).MethodsWe investigated a total of 17 patients who underwent both OCT and NIRS. NIRS analysis included plaque lipid core burden index (LCBI), LCP length, and the presence of YB on the block chemogram. OCT analysis included maximum lipid arc (LA), the length of lipid (LL), lipid index, and the thinnest fibrous cap thickness (FCT).ResultsTwenty‐five plaques with >40% plaque burden were analyzed. LCP, showing LCBI > 0, was observed in 20 plaques (80%) and YB was detected in seven plaques (28%). Plaque LCBI showed modest correlations with maximum LA and lipid index by OCT (r2 = 0.319, P = 0.003 and r2 = 0. 404, P = 0.001, respectively). Lipid length showed a significant correlation between NIRS and OCT measurements (r2 = 0.581, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in NIRS parameters between superficial and deep lipid. Plaques with YB compared with those without YB showed a larger LA, longer LL, and thinner FCT (185 ± 29° vs. 105 ± 76°, P = 0.014; 8.5 ± 3.3 mm vs. 3.3 ± 2.7 mm, P = 0.001; 112 ± 42 vs. 166 ± 61 µm, P = 0.033).ConclusionsNIRS and OCT parameters showed modest linear correlations in the measurement of lipid. The accurate depth of lipid in the vessel wall could not be identified by quantitative NIRS parameters. YB chemograms represented more vulnerable features on OCT. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Knowledge‐Based View of the Porter Hypothesis
Authors: Ziesemer Thomas 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIt is commonly held that environmental regulation affects competitiveness negatively. The Porter Hypothesis contests this view by proposing a dynamic perspective in which innovations induced by apt environmental policies may offset regulation costs. The existing theoretical evidence largely suggests that the classic perception of a trade‐off between economic and ecological goals prevails. Some empirical evidence, however, supports the Porter Hypothesis. With the aim to shed more light on these ambiguities this paper argues that the Porter Hypothesis lacks a comprehensive microeconomic foundation as it does not consider the properties and ramifications of knowledge capital. To address this shortcoming the paper develops a novel knowledge‐based view of the hypothesis that introduces cumulative knowledge capital as the most important asset in attaining a sustainable competitive advantage in the sense of the resource‐based view of the firm. Based on the basic properties of knowledge the new perspective, which is applicable to both incremental and radical innovations, highlights the development and accumulation processes of superior knowledge capital and further discusses the barriers to its growth. In combination with the exogenous pressure of environmental regulation these insights are finally compiled into a knowledge‐based view of the Porter Hypothesis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
SPILLOVERS OF HEALTH EDUCATION AT SCHOOL ON PARENTS' PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Berniell Lucila , de la Mata Dolores , Valdés Nieves 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper exploits state health education (HED) reforms as quasi‐natural experiments to estimate the causal impact of HED received by children on their parents' physical activity. We use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the period 1999–2005 merged with data on state HED reforms from the National Association of State Boards of Education Health Policy Database and the 2000 and 2006 School Health Policies and Programs Study. To identify the spillover effects of HED requirements on parents' behavior, we use several methodologies (triple differences, changes in changes, and difference in differences) in which we allow for different types of treatments. We find a positive effect of HED reforms at the elementary school on the probability of parents doing light physical activity. Introducing major changes in HED increases the probability of fathers engaging in physical activity by between 6.3 and 13.7 percentage points, whereas on average, this probability for mothers does not seem to be affected. We analyze several heterogeneous impacts of the HED reforms to unveil the mechanisms behind these spillovers. We find evidence consistent with hypotheses such as gender specialization of parents in childcare activities or information sharing between children and parents. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PER1 and CLOCK: Potential circulating biomarkers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hsu Cheng‐Ming , Lin Pai‐Mei , Lai Chi‐Chih , Lin Hsin‐Ching , Lin Sheng‐Fung , Yang Ming‐Yu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundCircadian clock regulates daily rhythms in various physiologic processes and deregulated circadian clock are linked to cancers. We have previously demonstrated the association between altered circadian clock genes (CCGs) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the CCGs were also altered in peripheral blood (PB) of patients with HNSCC.MethodsThe 9 CCGs expression profiles of PB leukocytes from 94 patients with HNSCC and 56 healthy individuals were investigated using real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and immunocytochemistry.ResultsAll the 9 CCGs were significantly downregulated in the PB of preoperative patients (p < .0001). Recovery of PER1 and CLOCK expression was observed in postoperative patients with good prognosis but not in patients that died within 1 year after surgery.ConclusionCCGs were also altered in PB leukocytes of patients with HNSCC and PER1 and CLOCK are potential circulating prognostic markers for HNSCC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1018–1026, 2014
Resection margins and prognosis in locally invasive thyroid cancer
Authors: Hartl Dana M. , Zago Sophie , Leboulleux Sophie , Mirghani Haïtham , Déandreis Desirée , Baudin Eric , Schlumberger Martin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundInvasive thyroid cancer is rare, and the extent of surgery controversial. The purpose of this study was to present and evaluate therapeutic prognostic factors.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective single‐center study of differentiated thyroid carcinoma invading the larynx, trachea, and/or esophagus treated surgically with macroscopic complete resection.ResultsForty‐six patients (average age, 57 years; average follow‐up, 4 years) were included. Free margins (R0) were obtained for 22 of 46 (49%) and microscopic residual tumor was present after surgery (R1) for 24 (51%). Ten‐year actuarial local control was 100% for R0 and 75% for R1 (p = .08). Five‐year local control was lower for recurrent tumors versus inaugurally invasive disease (63% vs 87%; log‐rank p = .011). Five‐year and 10‐year actuarial disease‐specific survival (DSS) was correlated with preoperative distant metastases (100% and 87%, respectively, for M0 vs 68% and 34% for M1; p = .01).ConclusionA trend toward lower local control was observed for R1 versus R0. The morbidity of surgery should be weighed against the prognosis if metastases are present. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1034–1038, 2014
Cucurbitane‐Type Triterpenoids from Momordica charantia
Authors: Cheng Bao‐Hui , Chen Jian‐Chao , Liu Jie‐Qing , Zhou Lin , Qiu Ming‐Hua 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe six new cucurbitane‐type triterpenoids 1–6, along with the ten known triterpenoids 7–16, were isolated from the vines and leaves of Momordica charantia. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as (3β,7β,15β,23E)‐3,7,15,25‐tetrahydroxycucurbita‐5,23‐dien‐19‐al (1), (3β,7β)‐3,7,22,23‐tetrahydroxycucurbita‐5,24‐dien‐19‐al (2), (3β,7β)‐3,7,23,24‐tetrahydroxycucurbita‐5,25‐dien‐19‐al (3), (3β,7β,23S)‐3,7,23‐trihydroxycucurbita‐5,24‐dien‐19‐al 7‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (4), (3β,7β,23E)‐cucurbita‐5,23‐diene‐3,7,19,25‐tetrol 7‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (5), and (3β,7β,23E)‐3,7‐dihydroxy‐25‐methoxy‐cucurbita‐5,23‐dien‐19‐al 3‐β‐D‐allopyranoside (6), by extensive analyses of their spectral data, as well as by chemical methods.
New Secondary Metabolites from Allium victorialis
Authors: Khan Sadia , Fatima Itrat , Hussain Kazmi Mehdi , Malik Abdul 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAllumines A and B (1 and 2, resp.), two new steroidal alkaloids, and a new cyclopentene derivative, 3, were isolated from the CHCl3‐soluble fraction of the whole plant of Allium victorialis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy.
Fighting the Cybercrime Plague
Authors: Singleton Tommie 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAs anyone following the news can tell you, we're in the middle of a Cybercrime Crime Wave. Not only is there a lot more cybercrime, but the crimes are a lot more dangerous. And this plague is affecting everyone. Cybercrime is everywhere. It is affecting both public and private entities, and small firms as well as big companies. The author investigates just who is at risk, and some measures to take that will help protect those at risk. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Your Guide to Authenticating Mobile Devices
Authors: Mooney J. Lowell , Parham Abbie Gail , Cairney Timothy D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNew information technology (IT) mobile devices—such as the iPhone and iPad—are increasingly emerging in the consumer market first. Then, they spread to the workplace. But this is creating major privacy and security headaches for corporate executives. Surveys show that IT groups significantly underestimate—by as much as 50%—how many employees use their own mobile devices for work purposes. So what is to be done? The authors take an in‐depth look at one vitally important security measure: user authentication. Companies need to go beyond just using passwords if they want to stay safe and secure. This article shows you how. It includes step‐by‐step instructions and a series of valuable checklists. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic correlation functions in the slow and fast solar wind in the Eulerian reference frame
Authors: Weygand James M. , Matthaeus W. H. , Kivelson M. G. , Dasso S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSimultaneous multiple point measurements of the magnetic field from seven spacecraft are employed to estimate the Eulerian correlation function and decorrelation time scales in the near Earth solar wind for two different solar wind speed ranges. We find that the Eulerian decorrelation time scale differs significantly in the slow solar wind (<450 km/s), where quasi‐two‐dimensional turbulence dominates, and in the fast solar (>600 km/s) wind, where slab‐type turbulence dominates. In slow solar wind, the decorrelation time is 215 ± 43 min, and in fast solar wind, the decorrelation time scale is 114 ± 23 min, which indicates that decorrelation times vary with the nature of the turbulence. The values reported here are comparable to estimates of decorrelation times based on a number of different models, but do not clearly support or refute any specific solar wind turbulence model. These results may be useful in magnetohydrodynamic modeling of the solar wind and can contribute to our understanding of solar and galactic cosmic ray diffusion in the heliosphere.
Evidence for strong middle Pleistocene earthquakes in the epicentral area of the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila seismic event from sediment paleofluidization and overconsolidation
Authors: Storti F. , Aldega L. , Balsamo F. , Corrado S. , Del Monaco F. , Di Paolo L. , Mastalerz M. , Monaco P. , Tallini M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObtaining constraints on maximum earthquake energy from fossil geological evidence has a primary importance for complementing historical information toward the proper mitigation of seismic hazard in a region. In this paper, we describe a newly discovered extensional fault zone in the western L'Aquila basin (Italy), associated with large paleofluidization structures. Paleofluidization‐bearing Calabrian sediments provide evidence for very shallow burial from mineralogical, organic matter thermal maturity, and flat dilatometer test data, whereas density of organic matter shows anomalously high values. We propose that all these pieces of information can be reconciled into a paleoseismological scenario where sediment liquefaction and fluidization in early middle Pleistocene times, as well as dewatering and overconsolidation, were coseismically triggered by strong earthquakes with magnitude approaching or slightly exceeding 7.0.
Statistical modelling of extreme precipitation indices for the Mediterranean area under future climate change
Authors: Hertig E. , Seubert S. , Paxian A. , Vogt G. , Paeth H. , Jacobeit J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractProjected changes of extreme precipitation in the Mediterranean area up until the end of the 21st century are analysed by means of statistical downscaling. Generalized linear models are used as downscaling technique to assess different percentile‐based indices of extreme precipitation on a fine‐scale spatial resolution. In the region under consideration extreme precipitation is related to anomalies of the large‐scale circulation as well as to convective conditions. To account for this, predictor selection encompasses variables describing the large‐scale circulation (geopotential heights of the 700 hPa and 500 hPa levels, u‐ and v‐wind components of the 850 hPa level) as well as thermo‐dynamic parameters (specific humidity of the 850 hPa and 700 hPa levels, Showalter‐Index, convective inhibition). In the scope of the statistical downscaling approach a specific statistical ensemble technique is applied in order to allow for non‐stationarities in the predictors–predictand relationships. Consequently, the statistical ensembles include a range of possible future evolutions of extreme precipitation. Two different emission scenarios (A1B and B1), multiple runs for each scenario, and output of two different general circulation models (ECHAM5 and HadCM3) are applied to assess extreme precipitation under enhanced greenhouse warming conditions. The results yield mainly decreases over many parts of the Mediterranean area in spring. In summer increases are assessed around the Tyrrhenian Sea, the Ionian Sea, and the Aegean Sea, whereas decreases are projected for most of the western and northern Mediterranean regions. In autumn reductions of heavy rainfall occur over many parts of the western and central areas. In winter distinct increases are widespread in the Mediterranean area. Beyond the assessments using all predictors it is shown in the present contribution that different predictor variables can lead to varying statistical downscaling results. It points to distinct impacts of the change of specific atmospheric conditions on local extreme precipitation.
Treatment of Sugarcane Bagasse Lignin Employing Atmospheric Pressure Microplasma Jet in Argon
Authors: Amorim Jayr , Oliveira Carlos , Souza‐Corrêa Jorge A. , Ridenti Marco A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn atmospheric argon rf microplasma jet was employed to treat lignin samples. The treatment time was carried out from 30 min to 4 h resulting in a strong degradation of the lignin structure. The most important degradation was observed in functional groups having asymmetric in‐phase ring stretching as well as in CC and CO stretching vibrations. Simple calculations may help us explain the OH bond breakings by electron collisions inside the microplasma. In the afterglow condition, it was not observed any change on the lignin spectra.
How do Patients, Politicians, Physiotherapists and Other Health Professionals View Physiotherapy Research in Switzerland? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Schoeb Veronika , Rau Barbara , Nast Irina , Schmid Stefan , Barbero Marco , Tal Amir , Kool Jan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundSince 2002, the professional education for Swiss physiotherapists has been upgraded to a tertiary educational level. With this change, the need for research related to professional practice has become more salient. The elaboration of research priorities is seen as a possible way to determine the profession's needs, to help coordinate research collaborations and to address expectations regarding physiotherapy. There is still limited evidence about stakeholders' views with regard to physiotherapy research. The objective of this study was to investigate key stakeholders' opinions about research in physiotherapy in Switzerland.MethodsFocus groups with patients, health professionals, researchers and representatives of public health organizations were conducted, and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with politicians, health insurers and medical doctors from three linguistic regions in Switzerland. An interview guide was elaborated. Data were transcribed and analysed using inductive content analysis (Atlas‐ti 6®).ResultsEighteen focus groups and 23 interviews/written commentaries included 134 participants with various research experiences and from different settings. Fourteen categories were defined reflecting three themes: identity, interdisciplinarity and visibility. Stakeholders had positive views about the profession and perceived physiotherapists' important role now and in the future. Yet, they also felt that physiotherapy was not sufficiently recognized in society and not visible enough. A stronger professional identity would be key to enhancing interdisciplinary work.ConclusionsResults of this qualitative study provide insights into key aspects for moving the physiotherapy profession forward. Identity is at the heart of physiotherapy, not necessarily in terms of research priorities but in the definition of domains of competence and future positioning. Identity is also tightly connected to Interdisciplinarity as this might threaten the existence of the profession. Stakeholders outside the profession insist on the importance of visibility. The results of this study can help stakeholders reflect on the future of physiotherapy and elaborate research priorities. © 2013 The Authors. Physiotherapy Research International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Scanning probe microscopy investigation of the mechanisms limiting electronic transport in substrate‐supported graphene
Authors: Giannazzo F. , Fisichella G. , Nigro R. Lo , Fiorenza P. , Franco S. Di , Marino A. , Piluso N. , Rimini E. , Roccaforte F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe scattering mechanisms limiting electronic transport in substrate‐supported graphene have been investigated by mapping the electron mean free path (l) in graphene on substrates with different dielectric permittivities, i.e. SiO2(κSiO2=3.9), 4H‐SiC (0001) (κSiC=9.7) and SrTiO3(001) (κSrTiO3=330). From the analysis of the local l versus gate bias curves, histograms and nanoscale maps of the densities of charged impurities (NCI) have been extracted. l was found to increase from (107±6) nm to (218±11) nm moving from SiO2 to SiC substrate, whereas a decrease to (179±5)nm was found for gra‐ phene on SrTiO3. Furthermore, a clear correlation between the minima in the l maps and the maxima in the NCI maps was obtained for graphene on SiO2 and SiC, whereas the two maps are uncorrelated in graphene on SrTiO3. These results indicate that charged impurity scattering is the main source of the lateral inhomogeneity of l on lower κ substrates, like SiO2 and SiC, whereas a different scattering mechanism (probably resonant scattering) must be invoked as the origin of the nanoscale variations of l in graphene on high‐κ substrates like SrTiO3. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)