bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFORMAS (International Network for Food and Obesity/non‐communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support): overview and key principles
Authors: Swinburn B. , Sacks G. , Vandevijvere S. , Kumanyika S. , Lobstein T. , Neal B. , Barquera S. , Friel S. , Hawkes C. , Kelly B. , L'Abbé M. , Lee A. , Ma J. , Macmullan J. , Mohan S. , Monteiro C. , Rayner M. , Sanders D. , Snowdon W. , Walker C. ,   INFORMAS
Published: August 2014

SummaryNon‐communicable diseases (NCDs) dominate disease burdens globally and poor nutrition increasingly contributes to this global burden. Comprehensive monitoring of food environments, and evaluation of the impact of public and private sector policies on food environments is needed to strengthen accountability systems to reduce NCDs. The International Network for Food and Obesity/NCDs Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) is a global network of public‐interest organizations and researchers that aims to monitor, benchmark and support public and private sector actions to create healthy food environments and reduce obesity, NCDs and their related inequalities. The INFORMAS framework includes two ‘process’ modules, that monitor the policies and actions of the public and private sectors, seven ‘impact’ modules that monitor the key characteristics of food environments and three ‘outcome’ modules that monitor dietary quality, risk factors and NCD morbidity and mortality. Monitoring frameworks and indicators have been developed for 10 modules to provide consistency, but allowing for stepwise approaches (‘minimal’, ‘expanded’, ‘optimal’) to data collection and analysis. INFORMAS data will enable benchmarking of food environments between countries, and monitoring of progress over time within countries. Through monitoring and benchmarking, INFORMAS will strengthen the accountability systems needed to help reduce the burden of obesity, NCDs and their related inequalities.
Component‐resolved diagnostics for the evaluation of peanut allergy in a low‐prevalence area
Authors: Suratannon Narissara , Ngamphaiboon Jarungchit , Wongpiyabovorn Jongkonnee , Puripokai Panitchaya , Chatchatee Pantipa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundMajor allergenic components of peanut from distinct geographical regions are widely dispersed. Most of the diagnostic studies are from countries with a high prevalence. There have been only few reports of allergen component sensitizations from countries with a low prevalence of peanut allergy. We aimed to investigate roles of component‐resolved diagnostic (CRD) to differentiate peanut allergy and peanut tolerance in the Asian population from a country with low prevalence of peanut allergy.MethodsParticipants with peanut sensitization were enrolled. Clinical reactions were determined. Skin prick test (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE) to peanut and related allergen components were performed.ResultsForty subjects with peanut sensitization were included. The mean wheal sizes of SPT and peanut sIgE were not good predictors for differentiating peanut reactions. SIgE to rAra h 2 was more often found in patients with peanut allergy and anaphylaxis. sIgE to rAra h 9 was also more frequent in the peanut‐allergic group but not related to severe reactions. In the peanut‐tolerant group, despite positive SPT and/or sIgE to peanut, 90% had negative sIgE to rAha h 2 and rAra h 9. Combining rAra h 2 and rAra h 9 resulted in high performance of the test with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 84%, 90%, 0.89, and 0.86, respectively. The ratio between rAra h 2 sIgE to peanut sIgE of 0.6 can be helpful in predicting patients who will develop severe reaction. SIgE to cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) was exclusively found in the peanut‐tolerant group (33.3% vs. 0%, p = 0.012).ConclusionsOur study identifies three allergen components: rAra h 2, rAra h 9, and CCD as important components in the diagnosis of peanut allergy in an Asian country with low prevalence. The ratio between rArah h 2 sIgE to peanut sIgE can be used for predicting patients who will develop anaphylaxis.
A retrospective study of anesthesia during rigid bronchoscopy for airway foreign body removal in children: propofol and sevoflurane with spontaneous ventilation
Authors: Chai Jun , Wu Xiu‐Ying , Han Ning , Wang Li‐Yin , Chen Wei‐Min 
Published: August 2014

SummaryBackgroundTracheobronchial foreign body aspiration is a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. We analyzed our experience in management of aspirated foreign bodies, including methods of anesthesia used, over a 4‐year period.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of tracheobronchial foreign body removal by rigid bronchoscopy with spontaneous ventilation in 435 children. All patients had received initial anesthesia with inhaled sevoflurane. One hundred and ninety‐seven patients (Group PropRemi) then received intravenous propofol and remifentanyl for maintenance of anesthesia; the remaining 238 patients (Group PropSevo) received propofol and sevoflurane.ResultsTracheobronchial foreign body was found in 405 children (93.1%) and successfully removed from 402 (99.3%) children. Among three patients who failed bronchoscopy, one child suffered cardiac arrest and died during the bronchoscopy, and two required subsequent tracheotomy for foreign body removal. Adverse effects (intraoperative coughing, breath holding, body movement, bronchospasm, and laryngospasm) were significantly more frequent in Group PropRemi than in Group PropSevo. No complications such as bleeding, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or the need for thoracotomy were encountered.ConclusionSevoflurane induction followed by a combination of sevoflurane and continuous infusion of propofol resulted in fewer adverse events than sevoflurane induction followed by TIVA with propofol and remifentanyl during rigid bronchoscopy for airway foreign body removal in children with spontaneous ventilation.
Electroencephalography for children with autistic spectrum disorder: a sedation protocol
Authors: Keidan Ilan , Ben‐Menachem Erez , Tzadok Michal , Ben‐Zeev Bruria , Berkenstadt Haim 
Published: August 2014

SummaryObjectivesTo report the effectiveness and efficiency of a predetermined sedation protocol for providing sedation for electroencephalograph (EEG) studies in children with autism.MethodsSleep EEG has been advocated for the majority of children with autism spectrum disorder. In most cases, sedation is required to allow adequate studies. Most sedation drugs have negative effects on the EEG pattern. The sedation protocol we adopted included chloral hydrate, dexmedetomidine, and ketamine and was evaluated prospectively for 2 years.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐three children with autistic spectrum disorder were sedated with the described drug protocol that was efficient, provided adequate EEG readings, and was not associated with serious adverse events.ConclusionsOur protocol kept costs to a minimum but provided appropriate escalation in care when required.
Limustin®, a non‐innovator tacrolimus formulation, yields reduced drug exposure in pediatric renal transplant recipients
Authors: Jacobo‐Cabral Carlos O. , García‐Roca Pilar , Reyes Herlinda , Lozada‐Rojas Lucero , Cruz‐Antonio Leticia , Medeiros Mara , Castañeda‐Hernandez Gilberto 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of two oral tacrolimus formulations, the innovator Prograf® and a formulation commercialized in Mexico with the brand name Limustin®, in children. Stable Mexican pediatric renal transplant recipients received the product authorized by their social security provider, being either Prograf® or Limustin®. At steady state, blood samples were drawn and tacrolimus blood concentration against time curves was constructed. CYP3A5 genotype was also determined. There was no significant difference in dose or in trough concentrations between formulations. However, AUC and Cmax were significantly higher with Prograf®. The lower tacrolimus bioavailability with Limustin® was observed in both expressers and non‐expressers of the functional CYP3A5 protein. Dose‐normalized AUC values in expressers were 12.7 ± 11.9 and 48.7 ± 20.4 ng·h/mL/mg for Limustin® and Prograf®, whereas in non‐expressers, dose‐normalized AUC was 54.4 ± 49.1 and 110.4 ± 42.9 ng·h/mL/mg for Limustin® and Prograf®, respectively (p < 0.05). Pharmaceutical quality analysis showed that Limustin® dissolution at 120 min was 31.1 ± 6.2% while Prograf® dissolution was 100 ± 4.8%. Furthermore, the mean percentage of labeled amount of Limustin® and Prograf® was 91.0 ± 3.1% and 100.0 ± 0.7%, respectively. Hence, Limustin® exhibits pharmaceutical characteristics dissimilar to the innovator that likely explain the reduced tacrolimus exposure in children. We consider Limustin® is not adequate for pediatric use.
Development of a lateral flow device for in‐field detection and evaluation of PCR‐based diagnostic methods for Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum, the causal agent of banana xanthomonas wilt
Authors: Hodgetts J. , Karamura G. , Johnson G. , Hall J. , Perkins K. , Beed F. , Nakato V. , Grant M. , Studholme D. J. , Boonham N. , Smith J. 
Published: August 2014

Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) is the causal agent of banana xanthomonas wilt, a major threat to banana production in eastern and central Africa. The pathogen is present in very high levels within infected plants and can be transmitted by a broad range of mechanisms; therefore early specific detection is vital for effective disease management. In this study, a polyclonal antibody (pAb) was developed and deployed in a lateral flow device (LFD) format to allow rapid in‐field detection of Xcm. Published Xcm PCR assays were also independently assessed: only two assays gave specific amplification of Xcm, whilst others cross‐reacted with non‐target Xanthomonas species. Pure cultures of Xcm were used to immunize a rabbit, the IgG antibodies purified from the serum and the resulting polyclonal antibodies tested using ELISA and LFD. Testing against a wide range of bacterial species showed the pAb detected all strains of Xcm, representing isolates from seven countries and the known genetic diversity of Xcm. The pAb also detected the closely related Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum (Xav), primarily a sugarcane pathogen. Detection was successful in both naturally and experimentally infected banana plants, and the LFD limit of detection was 105 cells mL−1. Whilst the pAb is not fully specific for Xcm, Xav has never been found in banana. Therefore the LFD can be used as a first‐line screening tool to detect Xcm in the field. Testing by LFD requires no equipment, can be performed by non‐scientists and is cost‐effective. Therefore this LFD provides a vital tool to aid in the management and control of Xcm.
Breast Feeding, Infant Growth, and Body Mass Index at 30 and 35 Years
Authors: Fergusson David M. , McLeod Geraldine F. H. , Horwood L. John 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the associations between duration of breast feeding, early infant growth, and body mass index (BMI) at 30 and 35 years, in a birth cohort studied to age 35.MethodsData were gathered on duration of exclusive and non‐exclusive breast feeding (months), early growth (kg; 0–9 months), and BMI at ages 30 and 35 from the Christchurch Health and Development Study. The Christchurch Health and Development Study is a study of a birth cohort of 1265 children, born in Christchurch in 1977.ResultsPopulation‐averaged generalised estimating regression models showed statistically significant associations between: duration of breast feeding and mean BMI; and early growth and mean BMI. After adjustment for perinatal, family, and social background factors, statistically significant associations were found between: longer duration of breast feeding and lower adult BMI (B = −0.424 [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.708, −0.140]); and increasing early growth and higher adult BMI (B = 0.393 [95% CI 0.080, 0.707]). When breast feeding and infant growth were entered into the regression model and adjusted for covariates, breast feeding was no longer statistically significantly associated with BMI (B = −0.250 [95% CI −0.553, 0.054]), while early growth remained statistically significantly associated with BMI (B = 0.355 [95% CI 0.039, 0.671]). A test for mediation showed that the association between breast feeding and BMI was mediated by early growth (P = 0.01).ConclusionsThe association between longer duration of breast feeding and later lower BMI scores in adulthood was mediated by lower early growth. Breast feeding may be included as one component of multicompartment programmes targeted at early growth and later obesity.
Theories and measures of elder abuse
Authors: Abolfathi Momtaz Yadollah , Hamid Tengku Aizan , Ibrahim Rahimah 
Published: August 2014

AbstractElder abuse is a pervasive phenomenon around the world with devastating effects on the victims. Although it is not a new phenomenon, interest in examining elder abuse is relatively new. This paper aims to provide an overview of the aetiological theories and measures of elder abuse. The paper briefly reviews theories to explain causes of elder abuse and then discusses the most commonly used measures of elder abuse. Based on the reviewed theories, it can be concluded that elder abuse is a multifactorial problem that may affect elderly people from different backgrounds and involve a wide variety of potential perpetrators, including caregivers, adult children, and partners. The review of existing measurement instruments notes that many different screening and assessment instruments have been developed to identify elders who are at risk for or are victims of abuse. However, there is a real need for more measurements of elder abuse, as the current instruments are limited in scope.
Effects of square‐stepping exercise on cognitive functions of older people
Authors: Teixeira Camila Vieira Ligo , Gobbi Sebastião , Pereira Jessica Rodrigues , Vital Thays Martins , Hernandéz Salma Stéphany Soleman , Shigematsu Ryosuke , Gobbi Lilian Teresa Bucken 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimCognitive functions can decline with age, and interventions focusing on stimulating them may have positive results. Previous studies have shown that square‐stepping exercise (SSE) has a good influence on balance, but this exercise also seems to promote cognitive stimulation. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to analyse the effect of 16 weeks of SSE on cognitive functions in non‐demented community‐dwelling older people.MethodsThis was a longitudinal, non‐randomized study. Forty‐one older adults (60 years and older) were recruited, and 21 participated in the SSE group (practised only SSE sequences) and 20 were in the control group (continued with their activities of daily living). Both groups were evaluated using the Mini‐Mental State Examination, the Digit Span test, the Toulouse‐Pierón Attention Test and the Modified Card Sorting Test.ResultsThe SSE group showed a significant improvement in global cognitive status, concentrated attention and mental flexibility after 16 weeks of the SSE intervention.ConclusionEvidence shows that SSE is a physical activity that positively influences cognitive functions in non‐demented older people.
Subacute cognitive deterioration with high serum anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibodies: two cases and a plea for pragmatism
Authors: Segers Kurt , Braconnier Philippe , Corazza Francis , Divano Luisa , Mabrouk Asmaa , Robberecht Jean , Surquin Murielle 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAutoimmune encephalopathy is a rare but potentially reversible cause of cognitive deterioration and neuropsychiatric disturbances. We describe two older female patients with subacute cognitive decline and marked neuropsychiatric disturbances in the presence of high serum anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibodies and with normal dosage of free thyroxine 4. One patient recovered almost completely after oral corticotherapy. Differential diagnosis and the role of biomarkers, in particular, are discussed. We support a pragmatic approach involving a short empirical therapeutic trial with intravenous or oral corticoids; this should be considered in all patients with subacute encephalopathy and with laboratory arguments for an underlying autoimmune aetiology.
Memantine‐associated hyperkalaemia in a patient with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tsukamoto Tatsuo , Yamada Hidetaka , Uchimura Naohisa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMemantine is an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist that may improve cognitive functions in patients with Alzheimer's disease. It is predominantly excreted unchanged via the kidneys, and patients with decreased creatinine clearance must be treated with lower doses of memantine. However, it is unclear whether memantine itself can lead to renal dysfunction and/or hyperkalaemia. We report a patient with renal impairment and hyperkalaemia possibly associated with memantine administration.
Higher serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 is associated with better cognitive performance in persons with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Calvo Dayana , Gunstad John , Miller Lindsay A. , Glickman Ellen , Spitznagel Mary Beth 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundSerum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) is a mitogenic peptide involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a wide variety of cells and tissues. Recent research suggests higher circulating levels of IGF‐1 are associated with better cognitive performance in healthy older adults and in early stages of Alzheimer's disease, although the cognitive profile associated with elevated IGF‐1 has not been examined in persons with mild cognitive impairment.MethodsThirty‐one participants (age: 83.71 ± 3.59 years; 58% women) with mild cognitive impairment completed neuropsychological testing and 12‐hour fasting blood draw to assess serum IGF‐1.ResultsPartial correlations between serum IGF‐1 and neuropsychological measures were conducted, adjusting for insulin, body mass index, and age. Higher IGF‐1‐values were associated with better global cognition (Modified Mini Mental State Exam: r = 0.39, P = 0.04) and verbal list learning (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test learning: r = 0.38, P = 0.05), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test free recall (r = 0.41, P = 0.03), and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test recognition discriminability (r = 0.46, P = 0.01). A similar trend emerged for executive function as tested by the Frontal Assessment Battery (r = 0.33, P = 0.09).ConclusionResults suggest higher levels of serum IGF‐1 are associated with better cognitive performance in persons with mild cognitive impairment, particularly on tests of learning and memory. These findings suggest IGF‐1 may be neuroprotective not only in healthy older adults, but also in adults in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease. Further investigation is needed to clarify the nature of this relationship, particularly prospective studies.
Balancing Fraud Prevention and Electoral Participation: Attitudes Toward Voter Identification
Authors: Atkeson Lonna Rae , Alvarez R. Michael , Hall Thad E. , Sinclair J. Andrew 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveThis article examines public opinion on the effectiveness and consequences of voter identification laws, focusing on the core issue in the Supreme Court's reasoning in the 2008 case that upheld an Indiana photo‐ID law, Crawford v. Marion County Election Board.MethodWe use a unique survey from New Mexico, where voter identification policies have recently undergone important changes. Questions in the survey examine whether voters think that ID laws protect against fraud and prevent legitimate participation, which point of view voters find more compelling, and whether attitudes toward voter identification are related to voter confidence.ResultsMost voters think that voter ID laws prevent fraud, but many voters think that ensuring access to the polls is more important than preventing fraud. Among other variables that explain differences among individuals, partisanship plays an important role.ConclusionThe framing of voter identification policies plays an important role in how such laws are interpreted by the public and Republicans are especially concerned about fraud in elections.
Treatment with fibrinogen γ‐chain peptide‐coated, adenosine 5′‐diphosphate–encapsulated liposomes as an infusible hemostatic agent against active liver bleeding in rabbits with acute thrombocytopenia
Authors: Hagisawa Kohsuke , Nishikawa Kahoko , Yanagawa Rempei , Kinoshita Manabu , Doi Mami , Suzuki Hidenori , Iwaya Keiichi , Saitoh Daizoh , Seki Shuhji , Takeoka Shinji , Handa Makoto , Nishida Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundWe evaluated the hemostatic efficacy of H12‐(adenosine 5′‐diphosphate [ADP])‐liposomes in the setting of active liver bleeding in rabbits with dilutional thrombocytopenia after massive transfusion.Study Design and MethodsAcute thrombocytopenia (platelet [PLT] count < 50 × 109/L) was induced in rabbits by repeated blood withdrawal and isovolemic transfusion of autologous washed red blood cells. Liver hemorrhage was initiated by a penetrating liver injury. Subsequently, the animals received tamponade treatment for the liver hemorrhage for 5 minutes and were intravenously administered H12‐(ADP)‐liposomes with PLT‐poor plasma (PPP), PLT‐rich plasma (PRP), PPP alone, H12‐(phosphate‐buffered saline [PBS])‐liposome/PPP, or H12‐(ADP)‐liposomes/PPP plus fibrinogen concentrate during the tamponade.ResultsAdministration of H12‐(ADP)‐liposomes/PPP rescued 60% of the rabbits from the liver hemorrhage; PRP administration rescued 50%. In contrast, rabbits receiving PPP or H12‐(PBS)‐liposome/PPP achieved only 10 or 17% survival, respectively, for the first 24 hours. H12‐(ADP)‐liposomes/PPP as well as PRP consistently reduced bleeding volumes and shortened clotting times (CTs) in comparison to PPP administration. Specifically, bleeding volumes in the initial 5 minutes averaged 11 mL (H12‐(ADP)‐liposomes/PPP) and 17 mL (PRP) versus 30 mL (PPP; p < 0.05); CTs averaged 270 and 306 seconds versus 401 seconds (p < 0.05). H12‐(ADP)‐liposomes were observed at the bleeding site with thrombus formation, suggesting an induction of thrombi. Neither macro‐ nor microthrombi were detected in the lung, kidney, spleen, or liver in rabbits treated with H12‐(ADP)‐liposomes. Supplementation of fibrinogen to H12‐(ADP)‐liposomes/PPP did not significantly improve rabbit survival.ConclusionsH12‐(ADP)‐liposomes might be a safe and effective therapeutic tool during damage control surgery for trauma patients with acute thrombocytopenia and massive bleeding.