bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Death of Two Subjects Due to Imipramine and Desipramine Metabolite Accumulation During Chronic Therapy: A Review of the Literature and Possible Mechanisms
Authors: Robert Swanson J , Jones GR , Krasselt W , Denmark LN , Ratti F 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In two unrelated cases, a 7-year-old boy and a 21-year-old woman died suddenly while receiving chronic imipramine therapy. In the boy, concentrations of imipramine were: Left femoral blood 0.5 mg/L, right femoral blood 1.2 mg/L, aorta blood 1.0 mg/L, liver 68 mg/Kg, and for the active metabolite, desipramine, left femoral blood 6.7 mg/L, right femoral blood 9.9 mg/L, aorta blood 8.7 mg/L, liver 400 mg/Kg. In the woman, the imipramine concentrations were: Femoral blood 0.6 mg/L, liver 37 mg/Kg, and of the active metabolite, desipramine, femoral blood 3.74 mg/L, liver 261 mg/Kg. In both cases, the scene investigation strongly indicated that neither individual had ingested an acute overdose. The very high ratios of desmethyl metabolite to parent drug are consistent with this observation. Impaired metabolism due to a genetically determined “slow metabolizer” phenotype of cytochrome CYP2D6, and/or concurrent therapy with phenothiazines, is suggested as a possible mechanism for the apparent fatal accumulation of these tricyclic antidepressants.
A Validation Study of the Influence of Alcohol on Handwriting
Authors: Stinson MD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The purposes of this article are to report experimental findings and to validate prior selected studies that examined handwriting comparisons and alcohol consumption. Subjects who participated in this experiment were given handwriting testing forms which were completed at assigned intervals throughout the testing period. The setting for the completion of the experiment was within a controlled environment with adult students attending the Breath Tests for Intoxication School for the use of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) instruments for law enforcement purposes. Handwriting data and pertinent information, BAC level and time, were recorded on the testing forms which were completed before, during, and after drinking. This study does not attempt to determine handwriting characteristics that can be predicted at various blood alcohol levels, but rather demonstrate, as noted in prior studies, if handwriting trends develop during or after the consumption of alcohol. The results of the handwriting comparisons, between and among test subjects, are discussed and applied to prior findings.
Tungsten Determination in Biological Fluids, Hair and Nails by Plasma Emission Spectrometry in a Case of Severe Acute Intoxication in Man
Authors: Marquet P , François B , Lotfi H , Turcant A , Debord J , Nedelec G , Lachâtre G 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A healthy 19-year-old recruit in a French artillery regiment drank 250 mL of a mixture of beer and wine that had rinsed in a hot 155-mm gun-barrel. Fifteen minutes later, he complained of nausea followed by seizures. He was comatous for 24 h, presenting signs of encephalopathy. A moderate renal failure was noted initially and worsened to an extensive tubular necrosis with anuria on the day after the incident. The first toxicological investigations only showed a 0.31 g/L blood ethanol. Then inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) emission-spectrometry revealed very high concentrations of tungsten in the “beverage” as well as in gastric content, blood and urine (1540 mg/L, 8 mg/L, 5 mg/L, and 101 mg/L, respectively). The nature of the metal was confirmed by ICP coupled to mass spectrometry. A simple and reliable ICP quantitative assay of tungsten in biological fluids, hair and nails was then developed. It showed high blood levels (&gt;0.005 mg/L) until day 13 in spite of six hemodialyses, and in urine until D33. Tungsten was also incorporated in hair and nails.
To the best of our knowledge, such an intoxication has never been reported before though this drinking seems to be traditional in the French Artillery. It has probably been favored by the unusually high volume of beverage absorbed and by the new alloy of the gun, containing tungsten. The clinical evolution was satisfactory over weeks and the patient was declared totally cured after five months.
Stalking on Campus: The Prevalence and Strategies for Coping with Stalking
Authors: Fremouw WJ , Westrup D , Pennypacker J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This epidemiological study explored the prevalence of stalkers and stalking victims among college students. Two questionnaires (one assessing the behaviors of those who stalk others, and the other assessing victims of stalking) were administered to 294 college undergraduates. The questionnaires were then revised and readministered to 299 undergraduates. Thirty percent of the female students and 17% of the males reported having been stalked; 80% reported that they knew their stalker (many had been previously romantically involved with the stalker). Only 1% of the subjects acknowledged having stalked someone, due perhaps to the social undesirability of this behavior. Methods of coping with being stalked were also assessed. The most common response among females was to ignore the stalker; among males it was to confront the stalker.
Validation Studies of the CTT STR Multiplex System
Authors: Budowle B , Moretti TR , Keys KM , Koons BW , Smerick JB 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Studies were performed to define the typing conditions and evaluate the forensic applicability of multiplex amplification of three STR loci, CSF1PO, TPOX, and THO1. Results were obtained using the GenePrint STR System (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI) Kit. To determine the utility of the GenePrint STR System for forensic casework analyses, the following experiments were conducted: 1) analysis of mixed body fluid; 2) determination of the sensitivity of detection; and 3) evaluation of results from biological samples from casework. In addition, the following simulated forensic conditions were assayed to detect whether or not there may be adverse effects on the ability to type these loci: 1) chemical contaminant effects on the DNA in body fluid samples; 2) the effects on DNA from samples deposited on various substrates; 3) the consequences of micro-organism contamination; and 4) the effect of sunlight and storage conditions on the integrity of the STR profiles/DNA. The data demonstrate that STR typing of biological samples exposed to a variety of environmental insults yields reliable results and that the analysis of the STR loci CSF1PO, TPOX, and THO1 can be applied in a forensic setting.
The Applicability of Formalin-Fixed and Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissues in Forensic DNA Analysis
Authors: Romero RL , Juston AC , Ballantyne J , Henry BE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Historically, formalin fixed (FF) tissues could not be used as a source of DNA in forensic science due to the fact that the DNA was too degraded for DNA analysis. With the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to forensic science, the usefulness of DNA from this biological material has been re-evaluated. This study evaluates the potential use of DNA from FF and formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues in 13 PCR systems; HLA DQα, LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, GC, D1S80, vWA31, THO1, F13A1, FES/FPS, TPOX, and CSF1PO. The first six, HLA DQα, LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, and GC are reverse dot blot systems, D1S80 is an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AmpFlp) system and the others are short tandem repeats (STRs). This study shows that FFPE tissue which has not been fixed in formalin for more than three days is a useful source of DNA for 12 of the 13 PCR systems. In contrast, FF tissue did not prove to be a reliable source of DNA for the PCR techniques examined here.
Education in Forensic Anthropology: Appraisal and Outlook
Authors: Galloway A , Simmons TL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Increases in the awareness and participation of physical anthropologists in forensic investigations have resulted in growing concerns over the training of students with specializations in forensic anthropology. A survey of United States universities shows that forensic anthropologists provide training to large numbers of students in basic osteology and smaller, but still significant numbers of graduates and undergraduates in forensic anthropology. Their work augments that provided by physical anthropologists whose interests lie in osteology and skeletal biology. Discrepancies exist in the course topic content in training provided by these two groups (forensic anthropologists and osteologists) which may have implications for the future, especially if some students are unaware of the legal role and responsibilities of anthropologists in the forensic sciences.
Recidivism and Concomitant Criminality in Pathological Firesetters
Authors: Barnett W , Richter P , Sigmund D , Spitzer M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore dangerousness and fire setting recidivism of mentally disordered firesetters in comparison with mentally healthy arsonists. In Germany, all trials are registered centrally by the Federal Central Register. The records of this Register for the three year period from 1983 until 1985 were used in this follow-up study of arsonists to identify three samples of subjects: (1) All persons convicted of arson who have been found not guilty by reasons of insanity (n = 186), (2) all person convicted of arson who have been found guilty of diminished responsibility (n = 97), and (3) a random selection from all persons convicted of arson who have had no psychiatric examination in their trial (n = 187). The follow-up ended in 1994, providing a period of, on average, ten years. Mentally disordered arsonists differed from non-mentally disordered arsonists in the following ways: They were more likely, first, to have a history of arson before 1983, and secondly, to be convicted of arson again (11% relapse compared to 4%). Mentally disordered arsonists had fewer registrations of common offenses, such as theft as well as traffic violations and alcohol-related offenses. Based on the present sample, mentally disordered firesetters have a higher rate of recurrence of firesetting than non-mentally disordered firesetters and commit fewer common offenses other than firesetting.
DNA Extraction from Liquid Blood Using QIAamp
Authors: Scherczinger CA , Bourke MT , Ladd C , Lee HC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The implementation of convicted felon DNA data-bases by increasing numbers of forensic science laboratories has engendered the need for a quick, efficient, and cost-effective method for the isolation of DNA from liquid blood samples. Because of the large numbers of samples involved, the ideal method would combine high throughput capability with maximal yield, high quality, and minimal time. We have found that the QIAGEN QIAamp Blood Kit/Tissue Kit satisfy all of these requirements. This simple, low cost spin column procedure yields purified DNA of approximately 20–30 kb that can be used directly in PCR or other enzymatic reactions without further purification.
We compared the QIAamp isolation procedure to the standard SDS-Proteinase K/organic extraction/microcon purification procedure currently used by many forensic laboratories. The QIAamp procedure consistently gave a two- to four-fold increased yield relative to the organic extraction procedure. The DNA obtained was of high molecular weight, exhibited little degradation, and was suitable for RFLP and PCR analyses. We have found QIAGEN's QIAamp DNA isolation procedure to be ideally suited for preparation of samples for DNA databasing.
The Use of Insects to Determine Time of Decapitation: A Case-Study from British Columbia
Authors: Anderson GS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A case is presented in which insects were used to determine time of decapitation. A severed human head was located on 28 June in a ditch on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The victim had been missing since 17 June. Prepupal Calliphora vomitoria (L.) were found at the cut surface of the neck and no evidence of insect feeding was observed at any of the natural orifices; the eyes were intact. Meteorological and insect developmental data indicated that the insects had been oviposited on or before 20 June. The lack of feeding at the orifices, together with the evidence of feeding and presence of insects at the cut surface of the neck indicated that the eggs had been laid after decapitation. Therefore, decapitation had occurred on or before 20 June. This was consistent with later police evidence.
Review of the Wound Healing Process: Forensic Pathological Aspects
Authors: Pedal I 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Among the most fundamental problems in forensic pathology are the distinguishing of intravital traumas from postmortem traumas and the estimation of wound age. The recent foudroyant pace of development in the fields of cellular biology, immunology, and molecular genetics has resulted in a multitude of new methodological approaches that make a reassessment of the state of knowledge imperative. The present anthology on every aspect of the wound healing process performs this service in exemplary fashion. The editors, a forensic pathologist (MO) and an immunologist (HK), are ideally suited to ensure a representative selection of international authors. The book comprises 21 chapters divided into five sections; most of the chapters offer a survey of individual topics, some constitute original articles in their own right. Each chapter includes an extensive list of references and many are supplemented by informative charts, tables and illustrations.
Development of Latent Fingerprints on Unfired Cartridges by Palladium Deposition: A Surface Study
Authors: Migron Y , Mandler D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Visualized fingerprints on unfired brass cartridge cases developed by a novel method of palladium deposition were examined by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microscopy (EPMA). In spite of the strong contrast of colors between the ridges and the valleys of the developed images, which suggests a selective coating of palladium on the valleys, palladium was found to deposit onto both valleys and ridges. Lumps of organic material were scattered mostly along the ridges. The study suggests a model for the deposition of metals on brass cartridges on which sebaceous fingerprints were impressed.
Upholstered Furniture Transition from Smoldering to Flaming
Authors: Babrauskas V , Krasny JF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper reviews the available literature on experimental measurements of smoldering to flaming transition in upholstered furniture. It is found that of 102 items, 64% made the transition to flaming. For the items which transitioned to flaming, the time for the transition to occur ranged from 22 to 306 min. Some of the factors affecting the likely time to transition are known qualitatively, but a quantitative method of prediction is not available which would allow one to predict such transition occurrence (and time) on the basis of construction details and fire environment.
Genetic Individualization of Domestic Cats Using Feline STR Loci for Forensic Applications
Authors: Menotti-Raymond M , David VA , Stephens JC , Lyons LA , O'Brien SJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A group of ten short tandem repeat (STR) loci suitable for PCR typing from DNA of domestic cats is evaluated for genetic individualization using blinded samples of eight putative feline blood specimens. The ten loci were also typed in a 70 member cat pedigree to demonstrate Mendelian inheritance and independent assortment. A “match window” or measurement precision estimate was empirically established by determining the maximum gel migration difference among alleles identical by descent in different individuals of the pedigree. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and abundant heterozygosity was observed for each locus in cat population samples from Canada and the USA. The probabilities of two unrelated individuals matching by chance (Pm) at all ten loci was estimated as 1.35 × 10−10. We present a conservative approach to compute, for forensic consideration, the mathematical likelihood of a chance genotypic match between DNA evidence from a crime scene and the suspect composite STR genotypes for species or populations when genotype frequency information is not available.
Violent Behaviors Associated with the Antichrist Delusion
Authors: Silva JA , Leong GB , Weinstock R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Delusions involving the antichrist concept have been occasionally reported. Some cases of the antichrist delusion have been associated with violent behavior. In this article we describe the case of a man who suffered from a chronic antichrist delusion and who also displayed repeated and serious violent behaviors. We also discuss the role of the antichrist delusion as well as other psychotic symptoms in the genesis of violence in the present case.
The Response of the Intoxilyzer 5000® to Five Potential Interfering Substances
Authors: Caldwell JP , Kim ND 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A study was conducted of potential vapor phase interferents which could be present on human breath and also be capable of inducing a false-positive response for ethanol on the evidential infrared-based breath testing device, the Intoxilyzer-5000. This involved preparation and validation of a range of vapor standards, which were introduced to the instrument using a dynamic flow double-bubbler system. Potential interferents were chosen on the basis of both their infrared signatures and their general availability, and included toluene, m-xylene, o-xylene, methanol and isopropanol. All compounds tested were found to be capable of inducing false-positive readings for ethanol in a highly reproducible manner, as a result of which it has been possible to derive precise least-squares equations describing the ethanol readout expected for any given blood concentration of toluene, m-xylene, o-xylene, methanol and isopropanol. The likelihood of an interference compromising the integrity of the analysis is related to both the toxicological significance and prevalence of a given blood concentration of each solvent, and the point at which the instrumental interference light is triggered in each case.
Influence of Pigmentation on the Codeine Content of Hair Fibers in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Pötsch L , Skopp G , Moeller MR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Tortoise shell guinea pigs (n = 7) were administered codeine (1 mg/mL codeine-base) in their drinking water for 3 weeks. Black, reddish-brown and white hair was collected separately from each animal before and after treatment. The hair samples were analyzed by GC/MS. The experiment showed positive results for all hair fibers with large individual variability of drug incorporation. Low drug intake resulted in small differences of the drug content in hair fibers different in color, whereas in cases of high drug intake a strong influence of hair pigmentation on the analytical results was observed. The highest drug content was always found in black hair samples, non-pigmented hair showed the lowest drug concentrations and the drug content in reddish-brown fibers was less than in black hair samples from the same animal. From the results it was concluded, that eumelanins rather than pheomelanins are the decisive factor for codeine-melanin binding in hair and the amount of drug intake was suggested to determine the relevance of hair pigmentation on the analytical results.
Ethyl Glucuronide Concentration in Serum of Human Volunteers, Teetotalers, and Suspected Drinking Drivers
Authors: Schmitt G , Droenner P , Skopp G , Aderjan R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The kinetic profile of ethanol and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in serum was investigated in three subject groups: 1) Healthy, moderately drinking volunteers (daily intake less than 30 g ethanol) who ingested a single dose of ethanol. In this group the maximum of serum ethyl glucuronide concentration (SEtGC) and of serum ethanol concentration (SEC) did not exceed 3.7 mg/L and 1.5 g/L respectively. EtG peaked 2 to 3.5 h later than ethanol. EtG was eliminated with a terminal half-life of 2 to 3 h. EtG decreased slower than ethanol—the metabolite could still be determined in serum up to 8 h after complete ethanol elimination. 2) In serum samples of teetotalers neither ethanol nor EtG could be found. 3) In 37 of 50 serum samples of drivers suspected of driving under the influence of ethanol, SEtGC was found between the limit of detection (0.1 mg/L) and 20 mg/L. If the SEC is less than 1 g/L and the SEtGC is significantly higher than 5 mg/L, we assume alcohol misuse.
Tissue Distribution of Ketamine in a Mixed Drug Fatality
Authors: Moore KA , Kilbane EM , Jones R , Kunsman GW , Levine B , Smith M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
While reports of ketamine abuse are increasing, reports of ketamine deaths and tissue concentrations associated with fatalities are rare. We report here a case of a mixed drug fatality involving ketamine and ethanol. Ketamine analysis was carried out by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD). We found the following tissue concentrations: blood 1.8 mg/L; urine 2.0 mg/L; brain 4.3 mg/kg; spleen 6.1 mg/kg; liver 4.9 mg/kg, and kidney 3.6 mg/kg. The blood ethanol concentration was 170 mg/dL. Because an empty nalbuphine ampule was found in the possession of the deceased, the blood was assayed for this opioid compound using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. None was detected at a limit of detection of 0.02 mg/L.
Quantitative Determination of Cocaine in Illicit Powders by Free Zone Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Krawczeniuk AS , Bravenec VA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A free zone capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the quantitation of cocaine in illicit powders. The method uses a 75 mM sodium phosphate-sodium borate pH 8.5 buffered system and separates the most common cocaine adulterants and impurities in eight minutes. Linearity, accuracy and reproducibility studies are presented, as well as comparisons with quantitative results obtained by gas liquid chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography methods.