bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Host–Guest Supramolecular Complex with Photoregulated Delivery of Nitric Oxide and Fluorescence Imaging Capacity in Cancer Cells
Authors: Kandoth Noufal , Malanga Milo , Fraix Aurore , Jicsinszky László , Fenyvesi Éva , Parisi Tiziana , Colao Ivana , Sciortino Maria Teresa , Sortino Salvatore 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHerein we report the design, preparation, and properties of a supramolecular system based on a tailored nitric oxide (NO) photodonor and a rhodamine‐labeled β‐cyclodextrin conjugate. The combination of spectroscopic and photochemical experiments shows the absence of significant interchromophoric interactions between the host and the guest in the excited states. As a result, the complex is able to release NO under the exclusive control of visible light, as unambiguously demonstrated by direct detection of this transient species through an amperometric technique, and exhibits the typical red fluorescence of the rhodamine appendage. The supramolecular complex effectively internalizes in HeLa cancer cells as proven by fluorescence microscopy, shows a satisfactory biocompatibility in the dark, and induces about 50 % of cell mortality upon irradiation with visible light. The convergence of all these properties in one single complex makes the present host–guest ensemble an appealing candidate for further delevopment of photoactivatable nanoscaled systems addressed to photostimulated NO‐based therapy.
Crystal Growth, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a Two‐dimensional Triangular Lattice Magnet, Cu2(OH)3HCO2
Authors: Fujita Wataru , Kikuchi Koichi , Mori Wasuke 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe prepared single crystals of basic copper formate Cu2(OH)3HCO2 (1) by hydrolysis of formate anions in an aqueous solution of copper formate. X‐ray structure analysis showed that this material has a two‐dimensional triangular lattice network with S=1/2. The temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility revealed antiferromagnetic ordering at 5.4 K. A spin‐flop transition was observed at about 20 kOe at 2 K, thereby indicating metamagnetic‐like behavior. The saturation magnetization was almost one‐half of the theoretical value at 2 K under 70 kOe. The magnetic behaviors of 1 were also discussed with regard to its crystal structure. The preparation method presented herein is convenient and available for single crystal growth of metal hydroxide derivatives with various anions.
Continuous Action Generation of Q‐Learning in Multi‐Agent Cooperation
Authors: Hwang Kao‐Shing , Chen Yu‐Jen , Jiang Wei‐Cheng , Lin Tzung‐Feng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractConventional Q‐learning requires pre‐defined quantized state space and action space. It is not practical for real robot applications since discrete and finite numbers of action sets cannot precisely identify the variances in the different positions on the same state element on which the robot is located. In this paper, a Q‐Learning composed continuous action generator, called the fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller (FCMAC) method, is presented to solve the problem. The FCMAC displays continuous action generation by linear combination of the weighting distribution of the state space where the optimal policy of each state is derived from Q‐learning. This provides better resolution of the weighting distribution for the state space where the robot is located. The algorithm not only solves the single‐agent problem but also solves the multi‐agent problem by extension. An experiment is implemented in a task where two robots are taking action independently and both are connected with a straight bar. Their goal is to cooperate with each other to pass through a gate in the middle of a grid environment.
Optimal Output Feedback Controllers for Spacecraft Attitude Tracking
Authors: Pukdeboon Chutiphon 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of output feedback attitude tracking control of a rigid spacecraft in the presence of external disturbances. Two optimal control laws with a disturbance estimator are developed to deal with this problem. An adapted extended state observer is used to estimate the angular velocity tracking errors and to allow for compensation for the total disturbances. The proposed control can be expressed as the sum of a nonlinear optimal controller and an estimated disturbance. For the optimal controller, the state‐dependent Riccati equation and optimal Lyapunov techniques are employed to solve the infinite‐time nonlinear optimal control problem. The developed controllers can minimize a performance index and ensure the stability of the closed‐loop system and external disturbance attenuation. On the other hand, using the adapted extended state observer, the asymptotic convergence of estimation error dynamics is proven. An example of multiaxial attitude manoeuvres is given and simulation results are included to demonstrate and verify the usefulness of the proposed controllers.
Zur Funktion der Abbildung als Medium der Wissenschaftsvermittlung in der medizinischen Literatur des 17. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Eckart Wolfgang Uwe 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFrom the beginning of the 17th century medical book‐illustration and representation of medical science are not any longer separable. Most of the modern didactic functions, especially concerning medical text‐books or manuals begin to develop at that time, certainly in a tight connection with the strong revaluation of the text‐illustration in general by the pedagogical realism since J. A. Comenius. The article tries to show some of the main contemporary functions of medical illustration in the 17th century as well as functions seen from the modern point of view of history of science.
Der rechte Ort von Erkenntnissen oder: Der rechte Satz am rechten Platz: Die Rolle von Invention und Judicium in der humanistischen Wissenschaftsgeschichte
Authors: Schmidt‐Biggemann Wilhelm 
Published: September 2012

AbstractR. Agricola's De Inventione Dialectica marks the beginning of the intellectual history of the basic philosophical conceptions „systema”︁ and „method”︁. Petras Ramus' prescriptions for the dialectical disposition of arguments, i.e. the „axiomata”︁ homogenity, deduction and continuity, constitute the first „modern”︁ concept of „system”︁, whereas, half a century later, Francis Bacon's empirism seems to be only the application of the humanist „inventio”︁ to a more limited field of investigation: nature.
Zwecksetzungen und Zielvorstellungen in den Wirtschafts‐ und Soziallehren des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Hentschel Volker 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe essay examines the natural law economics of the eighteenth century and the evolutionist economics of the nineteenth century by focusing on their methods for achieving a common, nebulously articulated goal: individual fulfillment and the happiness and welfare of mankind in a free, harmoniously ordered society. Illustrating the theoretical and, in practice, effective theories derived from natural law are cammeralism, the economic philosophy of the Physiocrats, and economic liberalism. It is emphasized that these theories do not represent a linear sequence of ideas in which one set of ideas „triumphed”︁ over a preceding one. They show instead three different consequences reflecting the intellectual climate and the socio‐economic empiricism of Germany, France, and England, of a fundamentally identical conceptual framework grounded in natural law. The different formulations of purpose relate to the socio‐economic forces which determine the pattern of social intercourse ‐ a pattern which influences all philosophic systems derived from natural law. For cameralism, this force was the state; for Physiocrats, an evident and calculable divine plan. For economic liberalism (Adam Smith), the force was the ensemble of human inclinations and impulses, mainly a morally refined self‐interest.The aims established by the evolutionist economic and social theories differ from one another in a similar manner. Representing these theories are the economic philosophy of the romantic period, the historical school of the German political economy, positivism, and Marxism. In contrast to economic theories based on natural law, the evolutionist theories no longer derived their formulations of purpose and goals from forces which determined the framework of social interaction. Instead, the theories reflected forces through which the historical development of social activity influenced its own empirical appearance. For the economic philosophy of the romantics, as for the cammeralists, this force was again the state, although its intellectual form had wholly changed. For the historical school, this force was a vaguely interpreted historical conformity; for positivism it was the purposeful advancement of scientific understanding. For Marxism the force was the tense dialectical advancement of the „forces of production”︁ and the „conditions of production.”︁
A π‐Stacked Porphyrin–Fullerene Electron Donor–Acceptor Conjugate That Features a Surprising Frozen Geometry
Authors: Ciammaichella Alina , Dral Pavlo O. , Clark Timothy , Tagliatesta Pietro , Sekita Michael , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA “frozen” electron donor–acceptor array that bears porphyrin and fullerene units covalently linked through the ortho position of a phenyl ring and the nitrogen of a pyrrolidine ring, respectively, is reported. Electrochemical and photophysical features suggest that the chosen linkage supports both through‐space and through‐bond interactions. In particular, it has been found that the porphyrin singlet excited state decays within a few picoseconds by means of a photoinduced electron transfer to give the rapid formation of a long‐lived charge‐separated state. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show HOMO and LUMO to be localized on the electron‐donating porphyrin and the electron‐accepting fullerene moiety, respectively, at this level of theory. More specifically, semiempirical molecular orbital (MO) configuration interaction (CI) and unrestricted natural orbital (UNO)‐CI methods shed light on the nature of the charge‐transfer states and emphasize the importance of the close proximity of donor and acceptor for effective electron transfer.
Hazardous Heavy Metal Distribution in Dahuofang Catchment, Fushun, Liaoning, an Important Industry City in China: A Case Study
Authors: Wu Gang , Wu Ji‐You , Shao Hong‐Bo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLocated in Liaoning Province, one of the traditional heavy industrial areas in China, Dahuofang Reservoir provides drinking water for nearly 30 000 000 citizens, as well as industrial and agricultural water for dozens of several cities and rural areas. The distribution of hazardous heavy metals is described in several types of soil, crops, and in different industrial or mining areas and main sewage irrigation areas. Five possible reasons that may cause the pollution are analyzed and listed. Also we provide some pragmatic suggestions for the remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soils.
Water‐Saving Crop Planning Using Multiple Objective Chaos Particle Swarm Optimization for Sustainable Agricultural and Soil Resources Development
Authors: Wang Yubao , Wu Pute , Zhao Xining , Jin Jiming 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEstablishing a water‐saving planting structure is necessary for the arid, water‐deficient regions of northern China and of the world. Optimizing and adjusting a water‐saving agricultural planting structure is a typical semi‐structured, multi‐level, multi‐objective group decision‐making problem. Therefore, optimization can be best achieved with a swarm intelligence algorithm. We build an optimization model for a water‐saving planting structure with four target functions: (1) maximum total net output, (2) total grain yield, (3) ecological benefits, and (4) water productivity. The decision variable is the yearly seeded area of different crops, and its restrictions are the farmland area, the agricultural water resources, and the needs of the people and other farming‐related industries. Multiple objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is an efficient optimization method, but its main shortcoming is that it can easily fall into a local optimum. Multiple objective chaos particle swarm optimization (MOCPSO) will greatly improve the searching performance of the algorithm by placing chaos technology with the advantages of ergodicity into MOPSO. When MOCPSO is used to solve the multi‐objective optimization model in the middle portion of the Heihe River basin, the results show that MOCPSO has the advantages of a high convergence speed and a tendency not to fall easily into a local optimum. After adopting a water‐saving agricultural planting structure, irrigation water would be reduced by about 7%, which would provide tangible economic, social, and ecological benefits for sustainable agricultural development.
Effects of Soil Rhizosphere Aeration on the Root Growth and Water Absorption of Tomato
Authors: Niu Wen‐Quan , Jia Zong‐Xia , Zhang Xuan , Shao Hong‐Bo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSoil rhizosphere aeration status is an important aspect of soil quality and soil ecology. The objective of the current study was to determine the appropriate moisture environment that facilitates rhizosphere soil aeration and ensures normal root respiration in tomato. In the potted experiment, five treatments of soil aeration were used (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 ventilation volume of 50% porosity of soil, and no ventilation) under conditions of the different soil moisture upper limits. The effects of different rhizosphere soil aerations on the physiological indicators and water absorption of tomato were studied. Under the same soil moisture condition, plant growth and root vitality initially increased, and then decreased when the soil ventilation volume increased. The combination of soil moisture with 80% of field capacity and 0.8 ventilation volume with 50% soil porosity raised the chlorophyll content by 29.98% and the root vitality by 61.55%, as compared with the non‐ventilated treatment. Therefore, the appropriate volume of rhizosphere ventilation can effectively improve the capacity of water absorption in tomato. The result provides a new view about soil quality and soil ecology in terms of soil–root system.
Surface Water Contamination by Uranium Mining/Milling Activities in Northern Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Wang Jin , Liu Juan , Li Hongchun , Song Gang , Chen Yongheng , Xiao Tangfu , Qi Jianying , Zhu Li 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe northern region of Guangdong Province, China, has suffered from the extensive mining/milling of uranium for several decades. In this study, surface waters in the region were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) for the concentrations of uranium (U), thorium (Th), and non‐radioactive metals (Fe, Mn, Mg, Li, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn). Results showed highly elevated concentrations of the studied radionuclides and metals in the discharged effluents and the tailing seepage of the U mining/milling sites. Radionuclide and heavy metal concentrations were also observed to be overall enhanced in the recipient stream that collected the discharged effluents from the industrial site, compared to the control streams, and rivers with no impacts from the U mining/milling sites. They displayed significant spatial variations and a general decrease downstream away from upper point‐source discharges of the industrial site. In addition, obvious positive correlations were found between U and Th, Fe, Zn, Li, and Co (R2 > 0.93, n = 28) in the studied water samples, which suggest for an identical source and transport pathway of these elements. In combination with present surface water chemistry and chemical compositions of uraniferous minerals, the elevation of the analyzed elements in the recipient stream most likely arose from the liquid effluents, processing water, and acid drainage from the U mining/milling facilities. The dispersion of radionuclides and hazardous metals is actually limited to a small area at present, but some potential risk should not be negligible for local ecosystem. The results indicate that environmental remediation work is required to implement and future cleaner production technology should be oriented to avoid wide dispersion of radioactivity and non‐radioactive hazards in U mining/milling sites.
Easy Derivatisation of Group 10 N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and In Vitro Evaluation of an Anticancer Oestradiol Conjugate
Authors: Chardon Edith , Puleo Gian Luigi , Dahm Georges , Fournel Sylvie , Guichard Gilles , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the search for novel metal‐based pharmaceuticals, ruthenium‐catalysed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition is used to functionalise a series of palladium and platinum N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes. This strategy was applied to the conjugation of amino acid, polyethylene glycol and oestradiol derivatives with the aim of enhancing chemical diversity and introducing specific features (e.g., water solubility, cell targeting). Antiproliferative activities of the different complexes were assayed against several cancer cell lines (KB, MCF7, HCT116, PC3, SKOV3, OVCAR8, HL60) and healthy cell lines (MRC5, VERO, EPC), which established their efficiency. The ease of the structural derivatisation thus renders these complexes attractive metal‐based systems for the development of selective targeted metal‐hybrid anticancer drugs.
Sustainable Development and Assurance of Corporate Social Responsibility Reports Published by Ibex‐35 Companies
Authors: Sierra Laura , Zorio Ana , García‐Benau María A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTSpain is the world's leading country as regards corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting (KPMG, 2011). In addition, Spain is taking new initiatives with regard to environmental policy, sustainable development, and stakeholder engagement in accordance with Law 2/2011.This is why we choose Spain as the setting to analyze whether the determinants for external assurance posited by existing literature (industry, size, profitability, leverage) have an impact on the decision of companies to assure their CSR reports. Our study is a pioneer in the sense that it investigates the possible links between the auditor of the annual report and the provider of assurance. The results of this study indicate that assurance of CSR reporting depends on the size, leverage, and profitability of the company. We find that the sustainability assurance market is dominated by the Big‐4 firms, who develop different strategies in this field. Finally, we find that the decision to hire an auditor to perform sustainability assurance sometimes depends on the industry. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Advanced glycated albumin isolated from poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus patients alters macrophage gene expression impairing ABCA‐1‐mediated reverse cholesterol transport
Authors: Machado‐Lima Adriana , Iborra Rodrigo T. , Pinto Raphael S. , Sartori Camila H. , Oliveira Erika R. , Nakandakare Edna R. , Stefano José T. , Giannella‐Neto Daniel , Corrêa‐Giannella Maria Lucia C. , Passarelli Marisa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the effects of albumin isolated from control individuals and from patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus on macrophage gene expression and on reverse cholesterol transport.MethodsSerum albumin was purified from control subjects (n = 12) and from patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 13). 14C‐cholesterol‐labelled J774 macrophages treated with albumin were employed to measure cholesterol efflux mediated by apo A‐I, HDL3 or HDL2, the intracellular lipid accumulation and the cellular ABCA‐1 protein content. Agilent arrays (44000 probes) were used to analyse gene expression. Several differentially expressed genes were validated by real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR using TaqMan Two Step RT‐PCR.ResultsLevels of glycation‐modified and (carboxymethyl)lysine‐modified albumin were higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects. Apo A‐I‐mediated and HDL2‐mediated cellular cholesterol efflux were impaired in macrophages treated with albumin from diabetic patients in comparison with control albumin‐treated cells, which was attributed to the reduction in ABCA‐1 protein content. Even in the presence of cholesterol acceptors, a higher level of intracellular lipid was observed in macrophages exposed to albumin from diabetic individuals in comparison with the control. The reduction in ABCA‐1 content was associated with enhanced expression of stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 and decreased expression of janus kinase 2, which were induced by albumin from patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Conclusions(Carboxymethyl)lysine‐modified albumin isolated from poorly controlled type 1 diabetic patients impairs ABCA‐1‐mediated reverse cholesterol transport and elicits intracellular lipid accumulation, possibly contributing to atherosclerosis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eating patterns in youth with and without loss of control eating
Authors: Matheson Brittany E. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Shafer‐Berger Sarah , Sedaka Nicole M. , Mooreville Mira , Reina Samantha A. , Vannucci Anna , Shomaker Lauren B. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective:To compare the characteristic meal patterns of adolescents with and without loss of control (LOC) eating episodes.Method:The Eating Disorder Examination was administered to assess self‐reported LOC and frequency of meals consumed in an aggregated sample of 574 youths (12–17 years; 66.6% female; 51.2% Caucasian; BMI‐z: 1.38 ± 1.11), among whom 227 (39.6%) reported LOC eating.Results:Compared to those without LOC, youth with LOC were less likely to consume lunch and evening meals (p's < .05), but more likely to consume morning, afternoon, and nocturnal snacks (p's ≤ .05), accounting for age, sex, race, socio‐economic status, BMI‐z, and treatment‐seeking status.Discussion:Adolescents with reported LOC eating appear to engage in different meal patterns compared to youth without LOC, and adults with binge eating. Further research is needed to determine whether the meal patterns that characterize adolescents with LOC play a role in worsening disordered eating and/or excessive weight gain. Published 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Self‐organization in a piezoelectric transformer‐based excimer lamp
Authors: Itoh Haruo , Suzuki Susumu , Teranishi Kenji , Shimomura Naoyuki 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn excimer lamp constructed using a piezoelectric transformer (PT) has been developed and studied in our laboratory. The excimer lamp is based on the excitation of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) generated by a PT surface that induces a high voltage due to the piezoelectric effect. Spectroscopic measurement in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region was performed for the excimer lamp filled with a He‐Xe mixture and Ar. Emission spectra having a peak at 172 and 126 nm were found, which were respectively radiated from the ${\rm{Xe}}_2^\ast$ and ${\rm{Ar}}_2^\ast$ excimers returning to their ground states. A self‐organization phenomenon (SOP) was also recognized in the He and Ar DBD. Static and time‐resolved observations of the self‐organized patterns were performed using single reflex and ICCD cameras, respectively. The formation of self‐organized patterns in argon requires a small amount of air as an additive. In time‐resolved observation, we found dark spots arrayed hexagonally in a weak emission on the PT surface, whose arrangement coincides well with that of bright hexagonal filaments. The dark spots are considered as the traces of accumulated charges on the dielectric electrode, which interrupt the hexagonally filamentary discharges. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(10): 44–53, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10397