bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recolonisation patterns of benthic invertebrates: a field investigation of restored former sewage channels
Authors: Winking Caroline , Lorenz Armin W. , Sures Bernd , Hering Daniel 
Published: June 2014

Summary

The response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to stream restoration is the subject of numerous recent studies, but the process of recolonisation of restored river sections is still poorly understood. Field studies are often flawed by uncertainties about whether the observed species colonised the restored sections after restoration or whether they were present before restoration.
We investigated restored streams in the Boye catchment in an urbanised area in Germany. The streams were formerly open sewers and thus were not inhabitable by benthic invertebrates, except for Oligochaeta. Restoration included the construction of underground sewers for wastewater and morphological remodelling of the stream bed.
In the spring of 2012, we sampled seven restored former channels connected with near‐natural upstream sections, which were never used as sewage channels and are in good status morphologically, and six unconnected restored former channels. Restoration measures had been conducted between one and 19 years before sampling. Additionally, we sampled 21 near‐natural sites within the catchment and eleven near‐natural sites in neighbouring catchments. Near‐natural sites were considered to be potential source sites from which benthic invertebrates might colonise the restored sites.
We recorded 128 taxa and categorised them into five dispersal classes that reflect dispersal capabilities and degree of ecological specialisation. Assemblages at restored sites were characterised by lower numbers of taxa and/or high abundance of hololimnic taxa and poorly dispersing winged species and by higher species numbers and abundance of strongly dispersing generalists.
A distinct recolonisation sequence was derived from the observed patterns, in which winged, strongly dispersing generalists colonised most rapidly and were followed by hololimnic species, weakly dispersing generalists and habitat specialists. Restored sites connected with near‐natural upstream sections were colonised more rapidly than unconnected restored sites, particularly by habitat specialists. Almost 90% of the recolonisation events originated from sources within a distance of 5 km. We observed a succession from pioneer assemblages to more mature communities, which resembles that of the surrounding near‐natural sites.
In conclusion, assemblages in connected, restored sites needed nine to 19 years to reach maturation, while the settlement of assemblages in unconnected sites is expected to require more time.
S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 activate airway epithelial cells to produce MUC5AC via extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and nuclear factor‐κB pathways
Authors: Kang Jin Hyun , Hwang Sae Mi , Chung Il Yup 
Published: June 2014

SummaryAirway mucus hyperproduction is a common feature of chronic airway diseases such as severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis, which are closely associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation. S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 are highly abundant proteins released by neutrophils and have been identified as important biomarkers in many inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report a new role for S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 for producing MUC5AC, a major mucin protein in the respiratory tract. All three S100 proteins induced MUC5AC mRNA and the protein in normal human bronchial epithelial cells as well as NCI‐H292 lung carcinoma cells in a dose‐dependent manner. A Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor almost completely abolished MUC5AC expression by all three S100 proteins, while neutralization of the receptor for advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) inhibited only S100A12‐mediated production of MUC5AC. The S100 protein‐mediated production of MUC5AC was inhibited by the pharmacological agents that block prominent signalling molecules for MUC5AC expression, such as mitogen‐activated protein kinases, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and epidermal growth factor receptor. S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 equally elicited both phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear translocation of NF‐κB/degradation of cytosolic IκB with similar kinetics through TLR4. In contrast, S100A12 preferentially activated the ERK pathway rather than the NF‐κB pathway through RAGE. Collectively, these data reveal the capacity of these three S100 proteins to induce MUC5AC production in airway epithelial cells, suggesting that they all serve as key mediators linking neutrophil‐dominant airway inflammation to mucin hyperproduction.
Phylogeographical structure within Boa constrictor imperator across the lowlands and mountains of Central America and Mexico
Authors: Suárez‐Atilano Marco , Burbrink Frank , Vázquez‐Domínguez Ella 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the genetic diversity and phylogeographical structure of Boa constrictor imperator, in order to identify the key historical events responsible for its current distribution and diversity.LocationThe Neotropical region of Mexico and mainland Central America.MethodsWe used data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, nuclear ornithine decarboxylase intron and microsatellites to perform spatial genetic analyses, and coalescence methods to infer phylogeographical structure, divergence times and historical demography.ResultsCytochrome b results revealed two main reciprocally monophyletic lineages, one along the Mexican Pacific coast and another along the Gulf of Mexico, Yucatán Peninsula and Central America, diverging c. 5.2 Ma. Both lineages are subdivided into haplogroups and show steady historical growth and a more recent population expansion. High genetic diversity was observed for both cytochrome b (h = 0.944) and microsatellites (HNei = 0.810–0.900).Main conclusionsWe demonstrate deep phylogeographical structure with two reciprocally monophyletic lineages and five genetic clusters in Mexico and Central America. Our results suggest that several geographical barriers (including the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Motagua–Polochic–Jocotán faults) and ecological features generated this structure. We report genetic diversity values for the boa at a regional scale and suggest that the two lineages may be considered distinct species.
The thin line between work and home: The spillover and crossover of daily conflicts
Authors: Sanz‐Vergel Ana Isabel , Rodríguez‐Muñoz Alfredo , Nielsen Karina 
Published: June 2014

In this study of 80 dual‐earner couples, we examined the relationship between conflicts at work and at home on a daily basis. Using a strain‐based approach as well as literature on spillover–crossover and displaced aggression, we hypothesized that daily level of family–work conflict (FWC) would increase daily interpersonal conflicts with colleagues at work, which in turn would increase conflicts with the partner at home. Furthermore, we examined the moderating role of a personality trait (i.e., neuroticism) on the relationship between interpersonal conflicts at work and at home. Finally, we analysed the crossover of interpersonal conflicts at home between the members of the couple. Participants filled in a diary booklet during five consecutive working days (N = 160 participants and N = 800 occasions). Results showed that FWC predicted interpersonal conflicts at work, which in turn predicted conflicts with the partner at home. Further, neuroticism accentuated the relationship between interpersonal conflicts at work and at home. There was also a crossover of interpersonal conflicts at home. Our findings suggest ‘a negative spiral of daily conflicts’ which may affect both employees and their partner. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.Practitioner points

Family–work conflict (FWC) increases interpersonal conflicts at work on a daily basis.

The strain derived from conflicts with colleagues is transferred to the home domain (spillover) and affects also the employee's partner (crossover).

Organizations may help employees manage their workload and work commitments to reduce FWC, which is a trigger of interpersonal conflicts with colleagues in the workplace.
Structural and functional characterization of an anti‐West Nile virus monoclonal antibody and its single‐chain variant produced in glycoengineered plants
Authors: Lai Huafang , He Junyun , Hurtado Jonathan , Stahnke Jake , Fuchs Anja , Mehlhop Erin , Gorlatov Sergey , Loos Andreas , Diamond Michael S. , Chen Qiang 
Published: June 2014

SummaryPreviously, our group engineered a plant‐derived monoclonal antibody (MAb pE16) that efficiently treated West Nile virus (WNV) infection in mice. In this study, we developed a pE16 variant consisting of a single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) fused to the heavy chain constant domains (CH) of human IgG (pE16scFv‐CH). pE16 and pE16scFv‐CH were expressed and assembled efficiently in Nicotiana benthamiana ∆XF plants, a glycosylation mutant lacking plant‐specific N‐glycan residues. Glycan analysis revealed that ∆XF plant‐derived pE16scFv‐CH (∆XFpE16scFv‐CH) and pE16 (∆XFpE16) both displayed a mammalian glycosylation profile. ∆XFpE16 and ∆XFpE16scFv‐CH demonstrated equivalent antigen‐binding affinity and kinetics, and slightly enhanced neutralization of WNV in vitro compared with the parent mammalian cell‐produced E16 (mE16). A single dose of ∆XFpE16 or ∆XFpE16scFv‐CH protected mice against WNV‐induced mortality even 4 days after infection at equivalent rates as mE16. This study provides a detailed tandem comparison of the expression, structure and function of a therapeutic MAb and its single‐chain variant produced in glycoengineered plants. Moreover, it demonstrates the development of anti‐WNV MAb therapeutic variants that are equivalent in efficacy to pE16, simpler to produce, and likely safer to use as therapeutics due to their mammalian N‐glycosylation. This platform may lead to a more robust and cost‐effective production of antibody‐based therapeutics against WNV infection and other infectious, inflammatory or neoplastic diseases.
Differential expression of microRNAs and other small RNAs in barley between water and drought conditions
Authors: Hackenberg Michael , Gustafson Perry , Langridge Peter , Shi Bu‐Jun 
Published: June 2014

SummaryDrought is a major constraint to crop production, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in plant drought tolerance. Analysis of miRNAs and other classes of small RNAs (sRNAs) in barley grown under water and drought conditions reveals that drought selectively regulates expression of miRNAs and other classes of sRNAs. Low‐expressed miRNAs and all repeat‐associated siRNAs (rasiRNAs) tended towards down‐regulation, while tRNA‐derived sRNAs (tsRNAs) had the tendency to be up‐regulated, under drought. Antisense sRNAs (putative siRNAs) did not have such a tendency under drought. In drought‐tolerant transgenic barley overexpressing DREB transcription factor, most of the low‐expressed miRNAs were also down‐regulated. In contrast, tsRNAs, rasiRNAs and other classes of sRNAs were not consistently expressed between the drought‐treated and transgenic plants. The differential expression of miRNAs and siRNAs was further confirmed by Northern hybridization and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Targets of the drought‐regulated miRNAs and siRNAs were predicted, identified by degradome libraries and confirmed by qRT‐PCR. Their functions are diverse, but most are involved in transcriptional regulation. Our data provide insight into the expression profiles of miRNAs and other sRNAs, and their relationship under drought, thereby helping understand how miRNAs and sRNAs respond to drought stress in cereal crops.
MiR397b regulates both lignin content and seed number in Arabidopsis via modulating a laccase involved in lignin biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Cong‐Ying , Zhang Shengchun , Yu Yang , Luo Yu‐Chun , Liu Qing , Ju Changliang , Zhang Yu‐Chan , Qu Liang‐Hu , Lucas William J. , Wang Xiaojing , Chen Yue‐Qin 
Published: June 2014

SummaryPlant laccase (LAC) enzymes belong to the blue copper oxidase family and polymerize monolignols into lignin. Recent studies have established the involvement of microRNAs in this process; however, physiological functions and regulation of plant laccases remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a laccase gene, LAC4, regulated by a microRNA, miR397b, controls both lignin biosynthesis and seed yield in Arabidopsis. In transgenic plants, overexpression of miR397b (OXmiR397b) reduced lignin deposition. The secondary wall thickness of vessels and the fibres was reduced in the OXmiR397b line, and both syringyl and guaiacyl subunits are decreased, leading to weakening of vascular tissues. In contrast, overexpression of miR397b‐resistant laccase mRNA results in an opposite phenotype. Plants overexpressing miR397b develop more than two inflorescence shoots and have an increased silique number and silique length, resulting in higher seed numbers. In addition, enlarged seeds and more seeds are formed in these miR397b overexpression plants. The study suggests that miR397‐mediated development via regulating laccase genes might be a common mechanism in flowering plants and that the modulation of laccase by miR397 may be potential for engineering plant biomass production with less lignin.
In vitroeffects ofYunnan Baiyaoon canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines
Authors: Wirth K. A. , Kow K. , Salute M. E. , Bacon N. J. , Milner R. J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractYunnan Baiyaois a Chinese herbal medicine that has been utilized for its anti‐inflammatory, haemostatic, wound healing and pain relieving properties in people. It has been utilized in the veterinary profession to control bleeding in dogs with hemangiosarcoma (HSA) and has been anecdotally reported to prolong survival times in dogs with this neoplasm. This study evaluated thein vitroactivity ofYunnan Baiyaoagainst three canine HSA cell lines after treatment with increasing concentrations ofYunnan Baiyao(50, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 µg mL−1) at 24, 48 and 72 h. Mean half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 72 h for DEN, Fitz, SB was 369.9, 275.9 and 325.3 µg mL−1, respectively. Caspase‐3/7 activity increased in correlation with the IC50in each cell line which was confirmed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL, APO‐BRDU Kit; BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) assay. VEGF in cell supernatant was also quantified. Overall, the study found thatYunnan Baiyaocauses dose and time dependent HSA cell death through initiation of caspase‐mediated apoptosis, which supports future studies involvingYunnan Baiyao.
Fourier–Mukai functors in the supported case
Authors: Canonaco Alberto , Stellari Paolo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe prove that exact functors between the categories of perfect complexes supported on projective schemes are of Fourier–Mukai type if the functor satisfies a condition weaker than being fully faithful. We also get generalizations of the results in the literature in the case without support conditions. Some applications are discussed and, along the way, we prove that the category of perfect supported complexes has a strongly unique enhancement.
Propionibacterium acnes: from Commensal to Opportunistic Biofilm-Associated Implant Pathogen
Authors: Achermann Yvonne , Goldstein Ellie J. C. , Coenye Tom , Shirtliff Mark E. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARY

Propionibacterium acnes
is known primarily as a skin commensal. However, it can present as an opportunistic pathogen via bacterial seeding to cause invasive infections such as implant-associated infections. These infections have gained more attention due to improved diagnostic procedures, such as sonication of explanted foreign materials and prolonged cultivation time of up to 14 days for periprosthetic biopsy specimens, and improved molecular methods, such as broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR. Implantassociated infections caused by
P. acnes
are most often described for shoulder prosthetic joint infections as well as cerebrovascular shunt infections, fibrosis of breast implants, and infections of cardiovascular devices.
P. acnes
causes disease through a number of virulence factors, such as biofilm formation.
P. acnes
is highly susceptible to a wide range of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, quinolones, clindamycin, and rifampin, although resistance to clindamycin is increasing. Treatment requires a combination of surgery and a prolonged antibiotic treatment regimen to successfully eliminate the remaining bacteria. Most authors suggest a course of 3 to 6 months of antibiotic treatment, including 2 to 6 weeks of intravenous treatment with a beta-lactam. While recently reported data showed a good efficacy of rifampin against
P. acnes
biofilms, prospective, randomized, controlled studies are needed to confirm evidence for combination treatment with rifampin, as has been performed for staphylococcal implant-associated infections.
Adenovirus Infections in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Lion Thomas 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYHuman adenoviruses (HAdVs) are an important cause of infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, and they continue to provide clinical challenges pertaining to diagnostics and treatment. The growing number of HAdV types identified by genomic analysis, as well as the improved understanding of the sites of viral persistence and reactivation, requires continuous adaptions of diagnostic approaches to facilitate timely detection and monitoring of HAdV infections. In view of the clinical relevance of life-threatening HAdV diseases in the immunocompromised setting, there is an urgent need for highly effective treatment modalities lacking major side effects. The present review summarizes the recent progress in the understanding and management of HAdV infections.
Attitudes and access to lung volume reduction surgery for COPD: a survey by the British Thoracic Society
Authors: McNulty William , Jordan Simon , Hopkinson Nicholas S ,   on behalf of The British Thoracic Society
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveLung volume reduction surgery for emphysema leads to improved survival in appropriately selected individuals, and it is therefore recommended in national and international guidelines for this group of patients. Despite this, fewer than 100 patients undergo the procedure each year in the UK. Our objective was to establish whether this reflects concerns about morbidity and mortality or difficulties in the referral pathway.Design and settingWe conducted a survey of members of the British Thoracic Society by email to investigate this in the second half of 2013. The survey included questions about access to investigations, the indications for lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), whether a multidisciplinary meeting discussed eligibility of patients for LVRS and what the morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure was.ResultsThere were 65 responses, 82% from respiratory physicians. Roughly half of the respondents were either unsure about the risks of death or prolonged (>30 days) hospital stay involved or significantly over-estimated them. In total, 70% did not have a specific multidisciplinary team to discuss the management of patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There was no consensus as to which patients with COPD should undergo a CT scan to evaluate them for possible surgery.ConclusionsPatients with COPD require a systematic and multidisciplinary approach to assessment for LVRS and these survey data suggest that work is needed to deliver this evidence-based therapy in a consistent and comprehensive way across the UK.
An observational cohort study to determine efficacy, adherence and outcome of the early initiation of pressure support ventilation during mechanical ventilation
Authors: Glover Guy , Connolly Bronwen , Di Gangi Stefania , Ayers Lisa , Terblanche Marius , Beale Richard , Hart Nicholas 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundTimely initiation of weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV) is important. Non-validated screening criteria may delay weaning if too prescriptive. This study observed physician-led utilisation of pressure support ventilation (PSV), referenced to four reported conventional screening criteria hypothesising that these criteria would have delayed the weaning progress.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study of adult patients receiving MV in a 30-bed university hospital intensive care unit (ICU). Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with PSV failure. Outcome is reported according to adherence to the screening criteria.Results209 patients were included (age 62.6±15.9 years, male:female 115:94, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II 16.7±6.1). Median (IQR) time to initiate PSV was 11.0 (5.0–22.0) h, and duration of weaning to extubation was 43.0 (13.0–121.5) h. PSV weaning was initiated despite significant hypoxia (partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2:FiO2) 35.8±15.9 kPa), moderate positive end-expiratory pressure levels (7.5±2.5 cm H2O), deep sedation (44% Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) ≤−3) and cardiovascular instability (48.8%). At PSV initiation, 85% of patients violated at least one screening criterion, yet 74.6% of patients remained stable for 24 h and 25.4% of patients were successfully extubated within 12 h. There was no association between individual screening criteria and PSV failure. Failure to sustain a PSV trial was associated with ventilation >7 days (RR=2.12 (1.33 to 3.38), p=0.002) and ICU mortality (RR=2.94 (1.46 to 5.94), p=0.002).ConclusionsPhysician-led transition to PSV and weaning was often initiated early and successfully before patients fulfilled conventional screening criteria. Failure to sustain a PSV trial could be an early indicator of prolonged MV and ICU mortality and warrants further investigation. These data support the view that current screening criteria may delay initiation of weaning.
Influence of paternal and maternal ethnicity and ethnic enclaves on newborn weight
Authors: Zipursky Amy R , Park Alison L , Urquia Marcelo L , Creatore Maria I , Ray Joel G 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThe association between maternal ethnicity and newborn weight is understood. Less is known about the additional influence of paternal ethnicity and neighbourhood ethnic composition.MethodsWe studied 692 301 singleton live births of parents of Canadian, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan, Pakistani, Indian, Filipino, Vietnamese, Korean, Hong Kong or Chinese birthplace. We used multivariable regression to calculate mean (95% CI) birthweight differences between infants of two Canadian-origin parents and (1) foreign-born mother and Canadian-born father, (2) Canadian-born mother and foreign-born father or (3) two foreign-born parents from the same country. We also stratified by high versus low same-ethnic concentration of the parent’s residence. We adjusted for gestational age at birth, maternal age, parity, marital status and income quintile.ResultsCompared with male and female infants of two Canadian-born parents, those of same-country foreign-born parents weighed 6.2% (−218 g, 95% CI −214 g to −223 g) and 5.6% (−192 g, 95% CI −187 g to −196 g) less, respectively. The largest mean weight difference was among male (8.4% (−297 g, 95% CI −276 g to −319 g)) and female (8.2% (−279 g, 95% CI −262 g to −296 g)) infants of two Bangladeshi parents. Infants of a foreign-born mother and Canadian-born father had weights closest to those of two Canadian-born parents. Residing in an area of high (vs low) same-ethnic concentration was associated with lower birthweight among infants of mixed union couples, but not among those of parents originating from the same country.ConclusionsPaternal and maternal ethnic origin influence newborn weight, which is modified by settlement in a high same-ethnic concentration area only among parents of mixed union.