bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile device policies in archive reading rooms
Authors: Karadkar Unmil P. , Trace Ciaran B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHumanities scholars increasingly use mobile devices such as laptops, iPhones, and iPads in their professional lives. We are exploring the opportunities for employing such devices for supporting scholarly activities in archive reading rooms. As a first step in this process, we are studying how reading room policies related to the use of technological devices impact scholars' interaction with the source materials in terms of capturing, organizing, note taking, and record keeping for future use of found materials. We studied the policy documents made available by thirty archives and complemented the results by soliciting the perspectives of administrators who craft these policies and scholars who use these archives. We present our analysis and an early prototype of a policy awareness mobile application called AMTracker.
Robust phase unwrapping for MR temperature imaging using a magnitude‐sorted list, multi‐clustering algorithm
Authors: Maier Florian , Fuentes David , Weinberg Jeffrey S. , Hazle John D. , Stafford R. Jason 
Published: May 2014

PurposeSeveral methods in MRI use the phase information of the complex signal and require phase unwrapping (e.g., B0 field mapping, chemical shift imaging, and velocity measurements). In this work, an algorithm was developed focusing on the needs and requirements of MR temperature imaging applications.MethodsThe proposed method performs fully automatic unwrapping using a list of all pixels sorted by magnitude in descending order and creates and merges clusters of unwrapped pixels until the entire image is unwrapped. The algorithm was evaluated using simulated phantom data and in vivo clinical temperature imaging data.ResultsThe evaluation of the phantom data demonstrated no errors in regions with signal‐to‐noise ratios of at least 4.5. For the in vivo data, the algorithm did not fail at an average of more than one pixel for signal‐to‐noise ratios greater than 6.3. Processing times less than 30 ms per image were achieved by unwrapping pixels inside a region of interest (53 × 53 pixels) used for referenceless MR temperature imaging.ConclusionsThe algorithm has been demonstrated to operate robustly with clinical in vivo data in this study. The processing time for common regions of interest in referenceless MR temperature imaging allows for online updates of temperature maps without noticeable delay. Magn Reson Med 73:1662–1668, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a full‐length human protein production pipeline
Authors: Saul Justin , Petritis Brianne , Sau Sujay , Rauf Femina , Gaskin Michael , Ober‐Reynolds Benjamin , Mineyev Irina , Magee Mitch , Chaput John , Qiu Ji , LaBaer Joshua 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThere are many proteomic applications that require large collections of purified protein, but parallel production of large numbers of different proteins remains a very challenging task. To help meet the needs of the scientific community, we have developed a human protein production pipeline. Using high‐throughput (HT) methods, we transferred the genes of 31 full‐length proteins into three expression vectors, and expressed the collection as N‐terminal HaloTag fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and two commercial cell‐free (CF) systems, wheat germ extract (WGE) and HeLa cell extract (HCE). Expression was assessed by labeling the fusion proteins specifically and covalently with a fluorescent HaloTag ligand and detecting its fluorescence on a LabChip® GX microfluidic capillary gel electrophoresis instrument. This automated, HT assay provided both qualitative and quantitative assessment of recombinant protein. E. coli was only capable of expressing 20% of the test collection in the supernatant fraction with ≥20 μg yields, whereas CF systems had ≥83% success rates. We purified expressed proteins using an automated HaloTag purification method. We purified 20, 33, and 42% of the test collection from E. coli, WGE, and HCE, respectively, with yields ≥1 μg and ≥90% purity. Based on these observations, we have developed a triage strategy for producing full‐length human proteins in these three expression systems.
What Drives Warming Trends in Streams? A Case Study from the Alpine Foothills
Authors: Lepori F. , Pozzoni M. , Pera S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe investigated the effects of climate warming and land‐use changes on the temperature and discharge of seven Swiss and Italian streams in the catchment of Lake Lugano. In addition, we attempted to predict future stream conditions based on regional climate scenarios. Between 1976 and 2012, the study streams warmed by 1.5–4.3 °C, whereas discharge showed no long‐term trends. Warming trends were driven mainly by catchment urbanization and two large‐scale climatic oscillations, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. In comparison, independent influences by radiative forcing due to increased atmospheric CO2 were uncertain. However, radiative forcing was predicted to further increase stream temperature (to +3–7 °C), reduce summer discharge (to −46%) and increase winter discharge (to +96%) between the present and 2070–2099. These results provide new insights into the drivers of long‐term temperature and discharge trends in European streams subject to multiple impacts. The picture emerging is one of transition, where greenhouse‐gas forcing is gaining ground over climate oscillations and urbanization, the drivers of past trends. This shift would impress a more directional nature upon future changes in stream temperature and discharge, and extend anthropogenic warming to rural streams. Diffusing future impacts on stream ecosystems would require adaptation measures at local to national scales and mitigation of greenhouse‐gas emissions at the global scale. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wedge sampling for computing clustering coefficients and triangle counts on large graphs†
Authors: Seshadhri C. , Pinar Ali , Kolda Tamara G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGraphs are used to model interactions in a variety of contexts, and there is a growing need to quickly assess the structure of such graphs. Some of the most useful graph metrics are based on triangles, such as those measuring social cohesion. Algorithms to compute them can be extremely expensive, even for moderately sized graphs with only millions of edges. Previous work has considered node and edge sampling; in contrast, we consider wedge sampling, which provides faster and more accurate approximations than competing techniques. Additionally, wedge sampling enables estimating local clustering coefficients, degree‐wise clustering coefficients, uniform triangle sampling, and directed triangle counts. Our methods come with provable and practical probabilistic error estimates for all computations. We provide extensive results that show our methods are both more accurate and faster than state‐of‐the‐art alternatives.
Authentication and key relay in medical cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Kanjee Mohammed Raza , Liu Hong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMedical cyber‐physical systems (MCPS) monitor/control patients' physiologic dynamics with embedded/distributed computing process and wireless/wired communication network. MCPS greatly impact the society with high‐quality medical services and low‐cost ubiquitous healthcare. The major component that integrates the physical world with the cyber space is wireless body area network (WBAN) of medical sensors and actuators worn or implanted in a patient. The life‐critical nature of MCPS mandates safe and effective system design. MCPS must operate safely under malicious attacks. Authentication ensures that a medical device is what it claims to be and does what it declares to do, the first line of MCPS defense. Traditional authentication mechanisms, relied on cryptography, are not applicable to MCPS because of the constraints on computing/communication/energy resources. Recent innovations to secure mobile wireless sensor networks, with multi‐sensor fusion to save power consumption, are not adequate. Besides challenges, MCPS present grand opportunities with the unique physical features of WBAN for non‐cryptographic authentication and human‐aided security. This paper proposes an authentication framework for MCPS. By studying medical processes and investigating healthcare adversaries, the novel design crosses physical world and cyber space. With uneven resource allocation, resource‐scarce WBAN utilizes no encryption for authentication. Evaluation of this authentication protocol shows promising aspects and ease of adaptability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
sRNA-seq Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Definitive Endoderm Reveals Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs and Novel IsomiRs with Distinct Targets
Authors: Hinton Andrew , Hunter Shaun E. , Afrikanova Ivka , Jones G. Adam , Lopez Ana D. , Fogel Gary B. , Hayek Alberto , King Charles C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding, regulatory RNAs expressed dynamically during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into defined lineages. Mapping developmental expression of miRNAs during transition from pluripotency to definitive endoderm (DE) should help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying lineage specification and ultimately enhance differentiation protocols. In this report, next generation sequencing was used to build upon our previous analysis of miRNA expression in human hESCs and DE. From millions of sequencing reads, 747 and 734 annotated miRNAs were identified in pluripotent and DE cells, respectively, including 77 differentially expressed miRNAs. Among these, four of the top five upregulated miRNAs were previously undetected in DE. Furthermore, the stem-loop for miR-302a, an important miRNA for both hESCs self-renewal and endoderm specification, produced several highly expressed miRNA species (isomiRs). Overall, isomiRs represented &gt;10% of sequencing reads in &gt;40% of all detected stem-loop arms, suggesting that the impact of these abundant miRNA species may have been overlooked in previous studies. Because of their relative abundance, the role of differential isomiR targeting was studied using the miR-302 cluster as a model system. A miRNA mimetic for miR-302a-5p, but not miR-302a-5p(+3), decreased expression of orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2). Conversely, isomiR 302a-5p(+3) selectively decreased expression of tuberous sclerosis protein 1, but not OTX2, indicating nonoverlapping specificity of miRNA processing variants. Taken together, our characterization of miRNA expression, which includes novel miRNAs and isomiRs, helps establish a foundation for understanding the role of miRNAs in DE formation and selective targeting by isomiRs. Stem Cells 2014;32:2360–2372
Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Contributes to the Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Neuronal Development
Authors: Walton Noah M. , de Koning Anoek , Xie Xiuyuan , Shin Rick , Chen Qian , Miyake Shinichi , Tajinda Katsunori , Gross Adam K. , Kogan Jeffrey H. , Heusner Carrie L. , Tamura Kouichi , Matsumoto Mitsuyuki 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In the postnatal hippocampus, newly generated neurons contribute to learning and memory. Disruptions in neurogenesis and neuronal development have been linked to cognitive impairment and are implicated in a broad variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. To identify putative factors involved in this process, we examined hippocampal gene expression alterations in mice possessing a heterozygous knockout of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha heterozygous knockout gene (CaMK2α-hKO), an established model of cognitive impairment that also displays altered neurogenesis and neuronal development. Using this approach, we identified gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) as the most dysregulated gene. In wild-type mice, GRP labels NeuN-positive neurons, the lone exception being GRP-positive, NeuN-negative cells in the subgranular zone, suggesting GRP expression may be relevant to neurogenesis and/or neuronal development. Using a model of in vitro hippocampal neurogenesis, we determined that GRP signaling is essential for the continued survival and development of newborn neurons, both of which are blocked by transient knockdown of GRP’s cognate receptor (GRPR). Furthermore, GRP appears to negatively regulate neurogenesis-associated proliferation in neural stem cells both in vitro and in vivo. Intracerebroventricular infusion of GRP resulted in a decrease in immature neuronal markers, increased cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, and decreased neurogenesis. Despite increased levels of GRP mRNA, CaMK2α-hKO mutant mice expressed reduced levels of GRP peptide. This lack of GRP may contribute to the elevated neurogenesis and impaired neuronal development, which are reversed following exogenous GRP infusion. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that GRP modulates neurogenesis and neuronal development and may contribute to hippocampus-associated cognitive impairment. Stem Cells 2014;32:2454–2466
Dopamine Mobilizes Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Through D2-Class Receptors and Their PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Mirones Isabel , Ángel Rodríguez-Milla Miguel , Cubillo Isabel , Mariñas-Pardo Luis , de la Cueva Teresa , Zapata Agustín , González Carlos , Ramírez Manuel , García-Castro Javier 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
As the nervous system exerts direct and indirect effects on stem cells mobilization and catecholamines mobilize hematopoietic stem cells, we hypothesized that dopamine might induce mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) mobilization. We show that dopamine induced in vitro MPCs migration through D2-class receptors, and their alternative phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathways. Also, administration of catecholamines induced in vivo mobilization of colony-forming unit-fibroblast in mice. In contrast, in vitro and in vivo MPCs migration was suppressed by D2-class receptors antagonists and blocking antibodies, consistent with dopamine signaling pathway implication. In humans, patients treated with L-dopa or catecholaminergic agonists showed a significant increase of a MPC-like population (CD45−CD31−CD34−CD105+) in their peripheral blood. These findings reveal a new link between catecholamines and MPCs mobilization and suggest the potential use of D2-class receptors agonists for mobilization of MPCs in clinical settings. Stem Cells 2014;32:2529–2538
Deficiency of the NR4A Orphan Nuclear Receptor NOR1 in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Accelerates Atherosclerosis
Authors: Qing Hua , Liu Yi , Zhao Yue , Aono Jun , Jones Karrie L. , Heywood Elizabeth B. , Howatt Deborah , Binkley Cassi M. , Daugherty Alan , Liang Ying , Bruemmer Dennis 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The NR4A orphan nuclear receptor NOR1 functions as a constitutively active transcription factor regulating cellular inflammation and proliferation. In this study, we used bone marrow transplantation to determine the selective contribution of NOR1 expression in hematopoietic stem cells to the development of atherosclerosis. Reconstitution of lethally irradiated apoE−/− mice with NOR1-deficient hematopoietic stem cells accelerated atherosclerosis formation and macrophage recruitment following feeding a diet enriched in saturated fat. NOR1 deficiency in hematopoietic stem cells induced splenomegaly and monocytosis, specifically the abundance of inflammatory Ly6C+ monocytes. Bone marrow transplantation studies further confirmed that NOR1 suppresses the proliferation of macrophage and dendritic progenitor (MDP) cells. Expression analysis identified RUNX1, a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell expansion, as a target gene suppressed by NOR1 in MDP cells. Finally, in addition to inducing Ly6C+ monocytosis, NOR1 deletion increased the replicative rate of lesional macrophages and induced local foam cell formation within the atherosclerotic plaque. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that NOR1 deletion in hematopoietic stem cells accelerates atherosclerosis formation by promoting myelopoiesis in the stem cell compartment and by inducing local proatherogenic activities in the macrophage, including lesional macrophage proliferation and foam cell formation. Stem Cells 2014;32:2419–2429
Does Preoperative Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio Predict Risk of Recurrence and Occult Central Nodal Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?
Authors: Lang Brian Hung‐Hin , Ng Cathy Po‐Ching , Au Kin Bun , Wong Kai Pun , Wong Kandy K. C. , Wan Koon Yat 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) might be prognostic in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Given the controversy of prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) in clinically nodal‐negative (cN0) PTC, our study evaluated whether preoperative NLR predicted disease‐free survival (DFS) and occult central nodal metastasis (CNM) in cN0 PTC.MethodsA total of 191 patients who underwent pCND were analyzed. Complete blood counts with differential counts were taken before operation. NLR was calculated by dividing preoperative neutrophil count with lymphocyte count. Patients were categorized into NLR tertiles: first (NLR < 1.93; n = 63), second (NLR = 1.93–2.79; n = 64), and third tertile (NLR > 2.79; n = 64). Four other patient types, namely, benign nodular goiter, clinically nodal‐positive (cN1) PTC, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), were used as references.ResultsAge at operation (p < 0.001) and tumor size (p = 0.037) significantly increased with higher NLR. First tertile had significantly more TNM stage I tumors (p = 0.01) and lowest MACIS score (p = 0.002). Tumor size [hazard ratio (HR) 1.422, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.119–1.809, p = 0.004] and multicentricity (HR = 2.545, 95% CI 1.073–6.024, p = 0.034) independently predicted DFS, whereas old age [odds ratio (OR) 1.026, 95% CI 1.006–1.046, p = 0.009), male (OR 2.882, 95% CI 1.348–6.172, p = 0.006), and large tumor (OR 1.567, 95% CI 1.209–2.032, p = 0.001) independently predicted occult CNM. NLR was not significantly associated with DFS or occult CNM. ATC had significantly higher NLR than cN1 PTC (7.28 vs. 2.74, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAlthough a higher NLR may imply a poorer tumor profile, it was not significantly associated with a worse DFS or higher risk of occult CNM in cN0 PTC. Perhaps, future research should focus on the prognostic value in other thyroid cancer types with a poorer prognosis.
Efficacy and safety of enzyme replacement therapy with BMN 110 (elosulfase alfa) for Morquio A syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IVA): a phase 3 randomised placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Hendriksz Christian J. , Burton Barbara , Fleming Thomas R. , Harmatz Paul , Hughes Derralynn , Jones Simon A. , Lin Shuan‐Pei , Mengel Eugen , Scarpa Maurizio , Valayannopoulos Vassili , Giugliani Roberto ,   STRIVE Investigators, Slasor Peter , Lounsbury Debra , Dummer Wolfgang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with BMN 110 (elosulfase alfa) in patients with Morquio A syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IVA).MethodsPatients with Morquio A aged ≥5 years (N = 176) were randomised (1:1:1) to receive elosulfase alfa 2.0 mg/kg/every other week (qow), elosulfase alfa 2.0 mg/kg/week (weekly) or placebo for 24 weeks in this phase 3, double‐blind, randomised study. The primary efficacy measure was 6‐min walk test (6MWT) distance. Secondary efficacy measures were 3‐min stair climb test (3MSCT) followed by change in urine keratan sulfate (KS). Various exploratory measures included respiratory function tests. Patient safety was also evaluated.ResultsAt week 24, the estimated mean effect on the 6MWT versus placebo was 22.5 m (95 % CI 4.0, 40.9; P = 0.017) for weekly and 0.5 m (95 % CI −17.8, 18.9; P = 0.954) for qow. The estimated mean effect on 3MSCT was 1.1 stairs/min (95 % CI −2.1, 4.4; P = 0.494) for weekly and −0.5 stairs/min (95 % CI −3.7, 2.8; P = 0.778) for qow. Normalised urine KS was reduced at 24 weeks in both regimens. In the weekly dose group, 22.4 % of patients had adverse events leading to an infusion interruption/discontinuation requiring medical intervention (only 1.3 % of all infusions in this group) over 6 months. No adverse events led to permanent treatment discontinuation.ConclusionsElosulfase alfa improved endurance as measured by the 6MWT in the weekly but not qow dose group, did not improve endurance on the 3MSCT, reduced urine KS, and had an acceptable safety profile.
Patterns of Racial and Educational Assortative Mating in Brazil
Authors: Gullickson Aaron , Torche Florencia 
Published: May 2014

AbstractExchange of racial for educational status has been documented for black/white marriages in the United States. Exchange may be an idiosyncratic feature of U.S. society, resulting from unusually strong racial boundaries historically developed there. We examine status exchange across racial lines in Brazil. In contrast to the United States, Brazil features greater fluidity of racial boundaries and a middle tier of “brown” individuals. If exchange is contingent on strong racial boundaries, it should be weak or non-existent in Brazilian society. Contrary to this expectation, we find strong evidence of status exchange. However, this pattern results from a generalized penalty for darkness, which induces a negative association between higher education and marrying darker spouses (“market exchange”) rather than from a direct trading of resources by partners (“dyadic exchange”). The substantive and methodological distinction between market and dyadic exchange helps clarify and integrate prior findings in the status exchange literature.
The associations between self‐consciousness and internalizing/externalizing problems among Chinese adolescents
Authors: Nie Yan‐Gang , Li Jian‐Bin , Dou Kai , Situ Qiao‐Min 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTSelf‐consciousness is considered as a multifaceted and hierarchical construct that includes self‐evaluation, self‐experience, and self‐control. This study assumes that self‐consciousness is a preventative factor of internalizing and externalizing problems among Chinese adolescents. 1202 Chinese adolescents from grade 7 to grade 12 participated in this study by completing a battery of questionnaires that assessed self‐consciousness and internalizing/externalizing problems. The results showed that, after controlling demographic variables, some lower‐order factors (i.e., sense of satisfaction, sense of anxiety, social self, self‐restraint, self‐esteem, and self‐monitoring) and higher‐order subscales (i.e., self‐evaluation and self‐experience) of self‐consciousness significantly predicted internalizing problems, while externalizing problems were predicted by several lower‐order factors (i.e., self‐restraint, sense of satisfaction, and self‐monitoring) and higher‐order subscales (i.e., self‐control and self‐experience). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Chinese adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems are related with different aspects of self‐consciousness, which sheds light on the prevention into adolescents' problem behaviors.