bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OP‐18 THE COMBINATION OF SCGOS/LCFOS AND FERMENTED INFANT FORMULA SOFTENS STOOLS OF INFANTS COMPARED TO UNFERMENTED INFANT FORMULA WITHOUT SCGOS/LCFOS
Authors: Herrera Alfonso R. , Ludwig Thomas , Bouritius Hetty , Rubio Rocio P. , Muñoz Antonio , Agosti Massimo , Lista Gianluca , Corvaglia Luigi T. , Navero Juan L.P. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives and study:Hard stools can be commonly observed in formula‐fed infants, but rarely in breast fed infants. The effects on stool frequency and stool consistency of a novel infant formula were evaluated in a randomized, controlled, double‐blind, multicenter, parallel‐group, intervention study on gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance. The novel infant formula (FF+) combined fermented formula (Lactofidus™) with short‐chain galacto‐oligosaccharides and long‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS, ratio 9:1, 0.8 g/100 ml).Methods:Healthy, term infants aged 0–28 days were randomized after parent's autonomous decision to discontinue breastfeeding, to receive either infant formula with scGOS/lcFOS and 30% fermented formula (FF+, n = 95 infants), or infant formula without fermented formula and scGOS/lcFOS (IF‐, n = 105 infants). Exclusively breast fed infants (n = 100) were included as a reference group. Parents completed standardized diaries with daily entries on stool consistency and frequency until 17 weeks of age. Stool consistency was rated on a five point scale. Starting at an age of 4 weeks, the distributions of the weekly average of the daily mean stool consistency, and distributions of the daily average number of stools were compared between intervention groups.Results:Based on low GI symptom‐scores and adverse events, the newly‐developed infant formula FF+ was well tolerated. The average stool consistency of infants fed with FF+ was closer to the breast fed reference group, and had a significantly softer median stool consistency than IF‐ fed infants from 4 weeks of age for the remaining study period (Mann Whitney, p ≤ 0.005). From 9 weeks of age, FF+ fed infants had a significantly higher median stool frequency than IF‐ fed infants (Mann Whitney, p ≤ 0.05).Conclusions:The specific combination of 30% fermented formula with scGOS/lcFOS yielded stool consistencies closer to that of breastfed infants, and significantly softer stools than those of infants fed a standard formula.
Utilization of high throughput genome sequencing technology for large scale single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in red deer and Canadian elk
Authors: Brauning Rudiger , Fisher Paul J , McCulloch Alan F , Smithies Russell J , Ward James F , Bixley Matthew J , Lawley Cindy T , Rowe Suzanne J , McEwan John C 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTDeer farming is a significant international industry. For genetic improvement, using genomic tools, an ordered array of DNA variants and associated flanking sequence across the genome is required. This work reports a comparative assembly of the deer genome and subsequent DNA variant identification. Next generation sequencing combined with an existing bovine reference genome enabled the deer genome to be assembled sufficiently for large-scale SNP discovery. In total, 28 Gbp of sequence data were generated from sevenCervus elaphus(European red deer and Canadian elk) individuals. After aligning sequence to the bovine reference genome build UMD 3.0 and binning reads into one Mbp groups; reads were assembled and analyzed for SNPs. Greater than 99% of the non-repetitive fraction of the bovine genome was covered by deer chromosomal scaffolds. We identified 1.8 million SNPs meeting IlluminaInfiniumIISNP chip technical threshold. Markers on the published Red x Pere David deer linkage map were aligned to both UMD3.0 and the new deer chromosomal scaffolds. This enabled deer linkage groups to be assigned to deer chromosomal scaffolds, although the mapping locations remain based on bovine order. Genotyping of 270 SNPs on a Sequenom MS system showed that 88% of SNPs identified could be amplified. Also, inheritance patterns showed no evidence of departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A comparative assembly of the deer genome, alignment with existing deer genetic linkage groups and SNP discovery has been successfully completed and validated facilitating application of genomic technologies for subsequent deer genetic improvement.
Informing regional food innovation through lead user experiments
Authors: Hjalager Anne-Mette , Johansen Pia Heike , Rasmussen Bjorn 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– Lead user experiments are increasingly applied in food-related innovation. The purpose of this paper is to: first, experiments should excavate new recipes, production processes and narratives for mussels with a specific regional origin and connotation. Second, the study should test a lead user set-up and investigate the commitment and potential benefits, not only for future mussel producers but also for the lead users themselves.Design/methodology/approach– This study organized and evaluated a lead user experiment involving eight chefs and other food experts.Findings– The experiment was successful in the sense that the lead users activated a considerable combinatory knowledge ability and creativity, and they could address issues of wider regional branding significance and contribute with catching narratives. The lead users found the experiment beneficial on several dimensions, providing the opportunity to reflect and undertake tests under respectfully inquisitive observation of others, and they also appreciated the opportunity openly to expose their own professionalism on various media that were organized as ingredients in this experiment.Practical implications– The study accentuates the applicability of lead user experiments as supplements or alternative to other ways of informing product development processes and demonstrates a practical method.Originality/value– The study contributes to the increasing methodological evidence in the field of lead user-based innovation and scrutinizes the issues in a wider food industry context.
The CCO: appointed or organic leader? The rise of conversational leadership
Authors: Gambetti Rossella C. , Biraghi Silvia 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– Studies that inquire in-depth into whether the Corporate Communications Officer (CCO) is an entrusted corporate executive and enacts a genuine leadership of his/her own style are generally neglected. The purpose of this paper is to unravel the leadership nature of the CCO beyond the managerial role. More specifically, the authors collected accounts of the span of the professional life and job experiences of CCOs, with the aim of understanding how their leadership, if any, can be depicted.Design/methodology/approach– The authors developed a qualitative research design to grasp the complexity of the CCO job experience. The authors chose a narrative approach involving a purposive sample of CCOs operating in global companies based in Italy to elicit and nurture their spontaneous reconstruction of the significant moments of their working lives.Findings– Based on the interpretive analysis, the capability of the CCO to overcome the trap of the formal appointment seems to rely on the organic emergence of a genuine leadership. The turning point between his/her resting on the appointment or becoming a genuine leader is marked by the display of his/her humanistic nature that can be ascribed to the enactment of a conversational leadership.Originality/value– While this is an exploratory qualitative study, it holds heuristic value in deepening the specific nature of genuine CCO leadership beyond an essentially task-based analysis of its managerial profile.
Bringing person-centeredness and active involvement into reality
Authors: Torenholt Rikke , Engelund Gitte , Willaing Ingrid 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the use and applicability of cultural probes – an explorative participatory method to gain insights into a person’s life and thoughts – to achieve person-centeredness and active involvement in self-management education for people with chronic illness.Design/methodology/approach– An education toolkit inspired by the ideas of cultural probes was developed and feasibility tested in 49 education settings in Denmark. Questionnaires, interviews, and observations were used to collect data, which were analysed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and systematic text condensation.Findings– Educators emphasized the applicability of the toolkit, and between 69 and 82 per cent of educators reported that the toolkit supported them in facilitating person-centred education and active involvement to a high or very high degree. Most educators (81 per cent) reported that they would like to apply the toolkit again in future education to a high or very high degree. Five categories of educator experiences were identified: interaction and activity; person-centeredness; group dynamics and synergy; openness; and light and cheerful atmosphere. Educators talked significantly less in situations where the toolkit was applied. This indicates the ability of the toolkit to facilitate talk among participants and thereby let participants become the focal point of education. Applying cultural probes in patient education targeting people with chronic illness seems to be a useful method to achieve patient-centeredness and active involvement in patient education and to support educators in facilitating this process.Originality/value– Introducing fully flexible education toolkits inspired by cultural probes may, in the future, lead to improved self-management patient education among people with chronic illness.
A tale of reverse deviance: non-compliant spatial practices in the land of Gomorrah
Authors: Trifuoggi Mario 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– Being territoriality a distinctive feature of mafia groups, the purpose of this paper is to study how the production of space contributes to the reproduction of such organisations by reinforcing their norms and values.Design/methodology/approach– The paper provides an ethnographic account of the regeneration of space for the establishment of legal worker cooperatives in previous mafia territories. It aims to illuminate, by contrast, how space reflects the social construction of the mafia governance.Findings– The account of non-compliant spatial practices of legal worker cooperatives in the area of Caserta (aka Gomorrah) elucidates how mafia groups set great value on space, making sense of the societal dimension of territoriality for Italian organised crime.Research limitations/implications– Compared to the current literature, this paper explores the link between space and organised crime not only in ecological terms but also in cultural ones. Furthermore, it suggests an alternative methodology for accessing the unspoken of the mafia phenomenon.Practical implications– The account of the reterritorialisation process provided in this paper raises several policy implications for the fight against the mafia.Originality/value– The paper focuses on territoriality for a more comprehensive understanding of the mafia phenomenon, attempting to conciliate the idiosyncratic aspects of Italian criminal networks with a more general framework of analysis for the study of organised crime. It also bridges between the organised crime topic and the sociology of space.
Functional replacement across species pools of vertebrate scavengers separated at a continental scale maintains an ecosystem function
Authors: Huijbers Chantal M. , Schlacher Thomas A. , McVeigh Rosemary R. , Schoeman David S. , Olds Andrew D. , Brown Marion B. , Ekanayake Kasun B. , Weston Michael A. , Connolly Rod M. 
Published: September 2015

Summary

The composition of species pools can vary in space and time. While many studies are focused on understanding which factors influence the make‐up of species pools, the question to which degree biogeographic variation in species composition propagates to biogeographic variation in ecological function is rarely examined. If different local species assemblages operate in ways that maintain specific ecological processes across continents, they can be regarded as functionally equivalent. Alternatively, variation in species assemblages might result in the loss of ecological function if different species fulfil different functions, and thereby fail to maintain the ecological process.

Here, we test whether ecological function is affected by differences in the composition of species pools across a continental scale, comparing a tropical with a temperate pool. The model systems are assemblages of vertebrates foraging on ocean beaches, and the ecological function of interest is the consumption of wave‐cast carrion, a pivotal process in sandy shore ecosystems.

We placed fish carcasses (n = 179) at the beach–dune interface, monitored by motion‐triggered cameras to record scavengers and quantify the detection and removal of carrion. Scavenging function was measured on sandy beaches in two distinct biogeographic regions of Australia: tropical north Queensland and temperate Victoria.

The composition of scavenging assemblages on sandy beaches varied significantly across the study domain. Raptors dominated in the tropics, while invasive red foxes were prominent in temperate assemblages. Notwithstanding the significant biogeographic change in species composition, ecological function – as indexed by carcass detection and removal – was maintained, suggesting strong functional replacement at the continental scale.

Species pools of vertebrate scavengers that are assembled from taxonomically distinct groups (birds vs. mammals) and located in distinct climatic regions (temperate vs. tropical) can maintain an ecological process via replacement of species with comparable functional traits.
Fast thinking: Implications for democratic politics
Authors: STOKER GERRY , HAY COLIN , BARR MATTHEW 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA major programme of research on cognition has been built around the idea that human beings are frequently intuitive thinkers and that human intuition is imperfect. The modern marketing of politics and the time‐poor position of many citizens suggests that ‘fast’, intuitive, thinking in many contemporary democracies is ubiquitous. This article explores the consequences that such fast thinking might have for the democratic practice of contemporary politics. Using focus groups with a range of demographic profiles, fast thinking about how politics works is stimulated and followed by a more reflective and collectively deliberative form of slow thinking among the same participants. A strong trajectory emerges consistently in all groups in that in fast thinking mode participants are noticeably more negative and dismissive about the workings of politics than when in slow thinking mode. A fast thinking focus among citizens may be good enough to underwrite mainstream political exchange, but at the cost of supporting a general negativity about politics and the way it works. Yet breaking the cycle of fast thinking – as advocated by deliberation theorists – might not be straightforward because of the grip of fast thinking. The fast/slow thinking distinction, if carefully used, offers valuable new insight into political science.
The Influence of Lying Body Position on Handwriting
Authors: Dziedzic Tomasz 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough the problem of handwriting variability due to lying body position has practical significance, particularly for last will cases, it has not been sufficiently studied. The presented experiment aimed to recognize how such posture may influence handwriting features. Samples of text and signatures were collected from 50 healthy individuals, aged 23–58, produced in three postures: typical sitting position (SP) and two different lying positions (LP1 & LP2). Using the SP sample of each individual as a specimen, eleven characteristics in LP1 and LP2 samples were evaluated as similar or different. Nine other features were measured with a specialized software, and their conformity was tested with Student's t‐test. Although none of the characteristics differed significantly in most cases, variation occurred in pen pressure, margins, baselines, and heights of letters. Additionally, a series of blind tests revealed that lying position of the individuals did not hinder the possibility to identify their writings.
Association between dietitians' personality profiles and practice areas
Authors: Ball Lauren , Eley Diann S. , Desbrow Ben , Lee Patricia , Ferguson Maree 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimPersonality traits refer to habitual patterns of behaviour, thoughts and emotions, and have been shown to influence health professionals' career pathways. The present study explored the associations between dietitians' personality profiles and the areas of dietetic practice they have previously worked.MethodsSurvey of 346 dietitians; 95% female; aged 32 ± 10 years; median 7 years (range 0–35) since graduation. Personality traits were investigated using the Temperament and Character Inventory, and cluster analysis was used to group participants into three clusters, known as Profiles, based upon common combinations of personality trait levels. Relationships between personality clusters and areas of dietetic practice were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsCompared with other participants, dietitians in Profile A displayed moderate levels of Harm Avoidance, Persistence and Self‐Directedness; dietitians in Profile B displayed higher levels of Persistence and Self‐Directedness, and lower levels of Harm Avoidance; and dietitians in Profile C displayed higher levels of Harm Avoidance and lower levels of Persistence and Self‐Directedness. Dietitians in Profile A were twice as likely to have worked in Private Practice/Consultancy compared with Profile C (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.07–3.38,P< 0.05), and dietitians in Profile B were over four times more likely to have worked in Food Service Management compared with Profile C (OR = 4.35, 95% CI: 1.47–12.84,P< 0.01).ConclusionsDietitians' personality may influence their decision to work in some areas of dietetic practice. Employees and employers should be mindful of personal traits when making employment decisions because some environments may be more conducive to specific attributes of dietitians to facilitate competent performance in a role.
MicNeSs: genotyping microsatellite loci from a collection of (NGS) reads
Authors: Suez Marie , Behdenna Abdelkader , Brouillet Sophie , Graça Paula , Higuet Dominique , Achaz Guillaume 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMicrosatellites are widely used in population genetics to uncover recent evolutionary events. They are typically genotyped using capillary sequencer, which capacity is usually limited to 9, at most 12 loci for each run, and which analysis is a tedious task that is performed by hand. With the rise of next‐generation sequencing (NGS), a much larger number of loci and individuals are available from sequencing: for example, on a single run of a GS Junior, 28 loci from 96 individuals are sequenced with a 30X cover. We have developed an algorithm to automatically and efficiently genotype microsatellites from a collection of reads sorted by individual (e.g. specific PCR amplifications of a locus or a collection of reads that encompass a locus of interest). As the sequencing and the PCR amplification introduce artefactual insertions or deletions, the set of reads from a single microsatellite allele shows several length variants. The algorithm infers, without alignment, the true unknown allele(s) of each individual from the observed distributions of microsatellites length of all individuals. MicNeSs, a python implementation of the algorithm, can be used to genotype any microsatellite locus from any organism and has been tested on 454 pyrosequencing data of several loci from fruit flies (a model species) and red deers (a nonmodel species). Without any parallelization, it automatically genotypes 22 loci from 441 individuals in 11 hours on a standard computer. The comparison of MicNeSs inferences to the standard method shows an excellent agreement, with some differences illustrating the pros and cons of both methods.
Attitudes towards new assisted reproductive technologies in Sweden: a survey in women 30–39 years of age
Authors: Wennberg Anna‐Lena , Rodriguez‐Wallberg Kenny A. , Milsom Ian , Brännström Mats 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionNovel pathways to parenthood [oocyte cryopreservation, allowance of surrogacy, uterus transplantation, and assisted reproductive treatments (ART) for single women] are currently being discussed. This study investigates women's attitudes towards oocyte cryopreservation and ART procedures that are not allowed or are still under investigation in Sweden, and whether the attitudes differ between urban women and women from a national cohort.Materials and methodsTwo thousand randomly selected Swedish females aged 30–39 years, 1000 residents of Stockholm (urban cohort) and 1000 from the remainder of Sweden (national cohort), were invited to complete a postal questionnaire on attitudes about existing and novel ARTs.ResultsResponse rates for the national and urban cohorts were 52.1% and 48.9%. Ninety‐four per cent of women were positive towards oocyte cryopreservation for medical reasons. Seventy per cent considered that this treatment was also indicated for social reasons. Seventy‐six per cent found it acceptable to offer ART to single women. Uterus transplantation was found to be more acceptable than surrogacy (80% vs. 47%). Urban women were more positive to both oocyte cryopreservation for social reasons and fertility treatment of single women than the national cohort. Urban women were also more tolerant regarding age limits for attempting pregnancy with cryopreserved gametes and regarding permission for a longer duration of maintaining cryopreserved gametes.ConclusionsSwedish women have a high acceptance of most new ARTs, with the exception of surrogacy. Urban women seem to have a greater acceptance for social egg‐freezing, longer duration of cryopreservation of oocytes, and higher age limit for their use.