bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of threat and right-wing authoritarianism on the selection of online (dis)information—a conceptual replication and extension of Lavine et al. (2005)
Authors: Klebba Lea-Johanna , Winter Stephan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Over the decades, communication research has investigated the situational and personal conditions under which people particularly prefer attitude-consistent over attitude-inconsistent content (confirmation bias). In a central study, Lavine et al. (2005) [Lavine, H., Lodge, M., & Freitas, K. (2005). Authoritarianism, threat, and motivated reasoning. Political Psychology, 26(2), 219–244.] examined how right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and threat cause bias when processing political information. Their laboratory experiment suggested that right-wing authoritarians prefer attitude-consistent information in the presence of a threat. Given new crisis environments accompanied by various threats, we re-examined this interaction effect and conceptually replicated Lavine et al.'s central hypothesis in a contemporary media environment. In an online experiment (N = 1,118), we focused on selective exposure to verified news and disinformation and tracked participants’ selection unobtrusively. Contrary to expectations, the interaction between different threats and RWA did not increase selective exposure to attitude-consistent (dis)information. The results challenge the hypothesis’ underlying framework and make it necessary to consider new ways of advancing the theoretical model.
Predicting Adverse Events to Thiopurines in IBD: Are We a Step Closer?
Authors: Sharip Mohmmed Tauseef , Parkes Miles , Subramanian Sreedhar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Thiopurines remain an important option in the treatment of IBD. However, the unpredictable and sometimes serious side effects and intolerance remain a major challenge. Pretreatment of extended genetic panel analysis, identification of novel variants, and monitoring of intermediate metabolites will help improve the overall outcome and reduce the toxicity.
Structural and Evolutionary Relationships of Melanin Cascade Proteins in Cnidarian Innate Immunity
Authors: Van Buren Emily W , Ponce Ivan E , Beavers Kelsey M , Stokes Alexia , Cornelio Mariah N , Emery Madison , Mydlarz Laura D 
Published: July 2024

Synopsis
Melanin is an essential product that plays an important role in innate immunity in a variety of organisms across the animal kingdom. Melanin synthesis is performed by many organisms using the tyrosine metabolism pathway, a general pathway that utilizes a type-three copper oxidase protein, called PO-candidates (phenoloxidase candidates). While melanin synthesis is well-characterized in organisms like arthropods and humans, it is not as well-understood in non-model organisms such as cnidarians. With the rising anthropomorphic climate change influence on marine ecosystems, cnidarians, specifically corals, are under an increased threat of bleaching and disease. Understanding innate immune pathways, such as melanin synthesis, is vital for gaining insights into how corals may be able to fight these threats. In this study, we use comparative bioinformatic approaches to provide a comprehensive analysis of genes involved in tyrosine-mediated melanin synthesis in cnidarians. Eighteen PO-candidates representing five phyla were studied to identify their evolutionary relationship. Cnidarian species were most similar to chordates due to domain presents in the amino acid sequences. From there, functionally conserved domains in coral proteins were identified in a coral disease dataset. Five stony corals exposed to stony coral tissue loss disease were leveraged to identify 18 putative tyrosine metabolism genes, genes with functionally conserved domains to their Homo sapiens counterpart. To put this pathway in the context of coral health, putative genes were correlated to melanin concentration from tissues of stony coral species in the disease exposure dataset. In this study, tyrosinase was identified in stony corals as correlated to melanin concentrations and likely plays a key role in immunity as a resistance trait. In addition, stony coral genes were assigned to all modules within the tyrosine metabolism pathway, indicating an evolutionary conservation of this pathway across phyla. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genes involved in tyrosine-mediated melanin synthesis in cnidarians.
Challenges to heart failure medication prescribing post-hospitalization
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Sanyu Visopiano , Coia Elise , Fernando Romaniya , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad , Better Nathan , Wojnar Robert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the prevalence of heart failure (HF) medication prescribing on discharge post-HF-related admission.

Methods
A retrospective audit was conducted for 216 HF admissions over a period of 6 months; medication data from electronic records were collected for analysis.

Key findings
The prevalence of HF medication prescribing on discharge was: 32.9% (95% confidence interval: 26.6–39.6) renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, 10.6% (6.9–15.6) angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, 31.5% (25.4–38.1) HF-specific beta-blockers, 42.6% (35.9–49.5) aldosterone receptor antagonists, and 11.6% (7.6–16.6) sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.

Conclusion
HF medication prescribing remains relatively low despite the known benefits and recommendations listed in the guidelines.
Cultivating global antimicrobial stewardship: linguistic and cultural validation of the Australian National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey appropriateness assessment definitions for Portugal
Authors: Palos C , Ierano C , Santos M J D , Leitão I , Nogueira P , James R , Paiva J A , Thursky K , Sousa P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance is driven by inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing. The National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (NAPS) is an Australian-developed auditing platform to assist in the assessments of antimicrobial quality by antimicrobial stewardship programmes using consensus-based definitions. The NAPS has demonstrated to be transferable to other countries. Its adaptation to Portugal could improve knowledge about the quality of antimicrobial prescribing in the country.

Objectives
To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Australian Hospital NAPS appropriateness assessment definitions of antimicrobial prescribing for Portugal.

Methods
International recommendations on translation and adaptation of instruments were followed. Two panels of experts participated in the process, using Zoom® for discussions and interviews, and Google Forms® for assessing vignettes. A native English-speaking person proficient in Portuguese conducted the back-translation. SPSS v.28 and Excel® were used for validity calculation.

Results
The Portuguese version was well accepted, its implementation being perceived as desirable and feasible by the experts. Validation process showed a Fleiss’ κ score of 0.483 (95% CI, 0.415–0.551, P &lt; 0.005) for appropriateness, and an average agreement with the Australian NAPS team of 0.8 and 0.9, respectively, for appropriateness and reasons for inappropriateness.

Conclusions
The Portuguese version of the Australian Hospital NAPS appropriateness assessment definitions of antimicrobial prescribing, the first to be translated from English, was deemed non-inferior to the original, was well accepted, considered to be desirable and feasible, and could inspire other countries, particularly other Portuguese-speaking countries, to adapt and validate them in their own contexts, reinforcing the possibility of transferring NAPS use beyond Australia.
Development of antibacterial drug + bacteriophage combination assays
Authors: Attwood Marie , Griffins Pippa , Noel Alan , Josephs Theo , Adler Karen , Clokie Martha , MacGowan Alasdair 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The best methods to study the interactions between phages and antibacterials are unclear. As laboratory methodologies used to assess conventional antibacterials are established, we assessed their ability to evaluate phage plus antibacterial.

Methods
The efficacy of three characterized Escherichia coli phages (UP17, JK08, 113) were tested on a 100 MDR E coli. strains. The phages were assessed individually and in a 1:1:1 cocktail. In a phage microbial inhibitory concentration (PmIC) assay, a range of phage concentrations from 101 to 108 were inoculated with 5 × 105 bacteria/well in 96-well microtitre plates. The first fully lysed well was taken as the PmIC. Amikacin and meropenem MICs were determined by ISO 2776-1:2019 methods alone and in combination with a fixed phage concentration of 105/per well. Time–kill curves (TKCs) were conducted at fosfomycin concentrations of 133, 50 and 5 mg/L, with and without phage.

Results
The PmIC50/90 values, in plaque-forming units (pfu)/mL, for individual phage titre were &gt;108/&gt;108 for UP17, 107/&gt;108 for JK08, 107/&gt;108 for 113 and 106/&gt;108 for the 1:1:1 phage cocktail, all with a standard deviation (SD) of &lt;0.05. Amikacin and meropenem MIC50/90 (SD) values were 2/8 mg/L (&lt;0.05–9.2) and 0.12/8 mg/L (&lt;0.05–8.7), respectively. The addition of UP17 to amikacin increased amikacin MICs &gt;2-fold in 78 strains, with equivalent trends in 39 strains with JK08, 54 strains with 113 and 45 strains with phage cocktail. Meropenem MICs in the presence of phage were reduced &gt;2-fold in 24 strains with UP17. Equivalent decreases were seen with 34 strains with JK08, 26 strains with 113 and 29 strains with the cocktail. In TKCs, the addition of phage suppressed regrowth.

Conclusions
Microbroth methodologies based on ISO 2776-1:2019 lend themselves to be viable options for phage assessment, alone or in combination with antibiotics. The reproducibility of PmIC and familiarity of the methodology described allows for laboratory validation for phage and antibiotic combinations.
Comparing algorithms to approximate accuracies for single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictor
Authors: Ramos Pedro , Garcia Andre , Retallik Kelli , Bermann Matias , Tsuruta Shogo , Misztal Ignacy , Veroneze Renata , Lourenco Daniela 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The exact accuracy of estimated breeding values can be calculated based on the prediction error variances obtained from the diagonal of the inverse of the left-hand side (LHS) of the mixed model equations (MME). However, inverting the LHS is not computationally feasible for large datasets, especially if genomic information is available. Thus, different algorithms have been proposed to approximate accuracies. This study aimed to: 1) compare the approximated accuracies from 2 algorithms implemented in the BLUPF90 suite of programs, 2) compare the approximated accuracies from the 2 algorithms against the exact accuracy based on the inversion of the LHS of MME, and 3) evaluate the impact of adding genotyped animals with and without phenotypes on the exact and approximated accuracies. Algorithm 1 approximates accuracies based on the diagonal of the genomic relationship matrix (G). In turn, algorithm 2 combines accuracies with and without genomic information through effective record contributions. The data were provided by the American Angus Association and included 3 datasets of growth, carcass, and marbling traits. The genotype file contained 1,235,930 animals, and the pedigree file contained 12,492,581 animals. For the genomic evaluation, a multi-trait model was applied to the datasets. To ensure the feasibility of inverting the LHS of the MME, a subset of data under single-trait models was used to compare approximated and exact accuracies. The correlations between exact and approximated accuracies from algorithms 1 and 2 of genotyped animals ranged from 0.87 to 0.90 and 0.98 to 0.99, respectively. The intercept and slope of the regression of exact on approximated accuracies from algorithm 2 ranged from 0.00 to 0.01 and 0.82 to 0.87, respectively. However, the intercept and the slope for algorithm 1 ranged from −0.10 to 0.05 and 0.98 to 1.10, respectively. In more than 80% of the traits, algorithm 2 exhibited a smaller mean square error than algorithm 1. The correlation between the approximated accuracies obtained from algorithms 1 and 2 ranged from 0.56 to 0.74, 0.38 to 0.71, and 0.71 to 0.97 in the groups of genotyped animals, genotyped animals without phenotype, and proven genotyped sires, respectively. The approximated accuracy from algorithm 2 showed a closer behavior to the exact accuracy when including genotyped animals in the analysis. According to the results, algorithm 2 is recommended for genetic evaluations since it proved more precise.
Setrusumab for the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta: 12-month results from the phase 2b asteroid study
Authors: Glorieux Francis H , Langdahl Bente , Chapurlat Roland , De Beur Suzanne Jan , Sutton Vernon Reid , Poole Kenneth E S , Dahir Kathryn M , Orwoll Eric S , Willie Bettina M , Mikolajewicz Nicholas , Zimmermann Elizabeth , Hosseinitabatabaei Seyedmahdi , Ominsky Michael S , Saville Chris , Clancy James , MacKinnon Alastair , Mistry Arun , Javaid Muhammad K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder commonly caused by variants of the type I collagen genes COL1A1 and COL1A2. OI is associated with increased bone fragility, bone deformities, bone pain, and reduced growth. Setrusumab, a neutralizing antibody to sclerostin, increased areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in a 21-week phase 2a dose escalation study. The phase 2b Asteroid (NCT03118570) study evaluated the efficacy and safety of setrusumab in adults. Adults with a clinical diagnosis of OI type I, III, or IV, a pathogenic variant in COL1A1/A2, and a recent fragility fracture were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive 2, 8, or 20 mg/kg setrusumab doses or placebo by monthly intravenous infusion during a 12-mo treatment period. Participants initially randomized to the placebo group were subsequently reassigned to receive setrusumab 20 mg/kg open label. Therefore, only results from the 2, 8, and 20 mg/kg double-blind groups are presented herein. The primary endpoint of Asteroid was change in distal radial trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) from baseline at month 12, supported by changes in high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography micro-finite element (microFE)-derived bone strength. A total of 110 adults were enrolled with similar baseline characteristics across treatment groups. At 12 mo, there was a significant increase in mean (SE) failure load in the 20 mg/kg group (3.17% [1.26%]) and stiffness in the 8 (3.06% [1.70%]) and 20 mg/kg (3.19% [1.29%]) groups from baseline. There were no changes in radial trabecula vBMD (p&gt;05). Gains in failure load and stiffness were similar across OI types. There were no significant differences in annualized fracture rates between doses. Two adults in the 20 mg/kg group experienced related serious adverse reactions. Asteroid demonstrated a beneficial effect of setrusumab on estimates of bone strength across the different types of OI and provides the basis for additional phase 3 evaluation.
A three-dimensional immersed boundary method for accurate simulation of acoustic wavefields with complex surface topography
Authors: Li Xiang , Hu Ziduo , Zou Zhen , Niu Fenglin , Tian Yancan , Liu Wei , Yao Gang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Irregular topography of the free surface significantly affects seismic wavefield modelling, especially when employing finite-difference methods on rectangular grids. These methods represent the free surface as discrete points, resulting in a boundary that resembles a ‘staircase’. This approximation inaccurately represents surface topography, introducing errors in surface reflection traveltimes and generating artificial diffractions in wavefield simulation. We introduce a stable three-dimensional immersed boundary method (3DIBM) employing Cartesian coordinates to address these challenges. The 3DIBM enables the simulation of acoustic waves in media with complex topography through standard finite difference, extending the two-dimensional immersed boundary approach to compute spatial coordinates for ghost and mirror points in a three-dimensional space. Wavefield values at these points are obtained by three-dimensional spatial iterative symmetric interpolation, specifically through the Kaiser-windowed sinc method. By implicitly implementing the free surface boundary condition in three dimensions, this method effectively reduces artificial diffractions and enhances the accuracy of reflection traveltime. The effectiveness and accuracy of 3DIBM are validated through numerical tests and pre-stack depth migration imaging with simulated data, demonstrating its superiority as a modelling engine for migration imaging and waveform inversion in three-dimensional land seismic analysis.
Venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer: a post hoc analysis of the Cancer-VTE Registry
Authors: Kawachi Riken , Okano Tetsuya , Awano Nobuyasu , Matsumoto Masaru , Hosokawa Jun , Takita Atsushi , Oba Mari S , Kunitoh Hideo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The relationship between lung cancer surgery and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Japan has not been elucidated. This was a post hoc analysis of the Cancer-VTE Registry. The 1057 patients who underwent surgery for lung cancer were divided into the surgery alone (SA) group (n = 598) and the surgery plus chemotherapy (SC) group (n = 459), and the 1-year incidences of VTE and cerebral ischemia were analyzed. In the SA and SC groups, composite VTE was observed in one (0.2%) and 15 (3.3%) patients, respectively, and cerebral ischemia was observed in eight (1.3%) and four (0.9%) patients, respectively. Lymph node metastasis was more common in patients with D-dimer &gt;1.2 μg/ml (odds ratio: 1.781, P = .004). SA had a low risk of VTE but a high risk of cerebral ischemia. Chemotherapy increases the risk of VTE. The D-dimer level was related to VTE and advanced cancer.
Bacterial efflux pump OMPs as vaccine candidates against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Silva Thaynara O , Bulla Ana Carolina S , Teixeira Bárbara A , Gomes Vinnicius Machado Schelk , Raposo Thiago , Barbosa Luiza S , da Silva Manuela Leal , Moreira Lilian O , Olsen Priscilla C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The emergence and propagation of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial drugs is a serious public health threat worldwide. The current antibacterial arsenal is becoming obsolete, and the pace of drug development is decreasing, highlighting the importance of investment in alternative approaches to treat or prevent infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. A significant mechanism of antimicrobial resistance employed by Gram-negative bacteria is the overexpression of efflux pumps that can extrude several compounds from the bacteria, including antimicrobials. The overexpression of efflux pump proteins has been detected in several multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, drawing attention to these proteins as potential targets against these pathogens. This review will focus on the role of outer membrane proteins from efflux pumps as potential vaccine candidates against clinically relevant multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, discussing advantages and pitfalls. Additionally, we will explore the relevance of efflux pump outer membrane protein diversity and the possible impact of vaccination on microbiota.
Combination of microparticles vaccine with MSI-1436 exerts a strong immune response for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhan Zhao , Cheng Jiaqing , Liu Fang , Tao Shili , Wang Ling , Lin Xiandong , Ye Yunbin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Although tumor cell-derived microparticles (MPs) vaccines have reportedly induced antitumor immune reactions for various cancers, the mechanism by which MPs derived from Hepa1-6 cells are taken up by dendritic cells (DCs) and provide the MPs antigens message to CD8+ T cells to exert their anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) effects remain unclear. Furthermore, the role of MPs in combination with the small-molecule drug MSI-1436, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), in HCC has not yet been reported. In this study, protein mass spectrometry combined with cytology revealed that MPs are mainly taken up by DCs via the clathrin-mediated endocytosis and phagocytosis pathway and localized mainly in lysosomes. High concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ was detected in CD8+ T cells stimulated with MPs-loaded DCs. Moreover, MPs combined with MSI-1436 further suppressed the proliferation of HCC cells in C57BL/6 tumor-bearing mice, which was closely correlated with CD4+/CD8+ T cells counts in peripheral blood, spleen, and the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, the combination of MPs and MSI-1436 exerts a more powerful anti-HCC effect, which may be related to the further inhibition of the expression of PTP1B. Overall, MPs combined with MSI-1436 exerted stronger antitumor effects than MPs or MSI-1436 alone. Therefore, the combination of MPs and MSI-1436 may be a promising means of treating HCC.
Pharmacological investigation of genistein for its therapeutic potential against nitroglycerin-induced migraine headache
Authors: Sajjad Qirrat , Khan Arif-ullah , Khan Aslam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Migraine, typically occurs on one side of the head, lasts for hours to days. Trigemino-vascular system (TVS) plays a vital role in pain generation, with neurogenic inflammation and oxidative stress playing key roles in its pathophysiology.

Methods
This study aimed to investigate genistein’s potential as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent in mitigating migraine pain. Genistein (20 and 50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (IP) to nitroglycerin (NTG; 10 mg/kg)-induced migraine model in rats. Behavioral analysis, antioxidant assay, immunohistochemistry (IHC), histopathological examination, ELISA, and RT-PCR were conducted to evaluate the antimigraine potential of genistein.

key findings
In-silico analysis showed genestien’s ACE values of −4.8 to −9.2 Kcal/mol against selected protein targets. Genistein significantly reversed mechanical and thermal nociception, light phobicity, and head scratching; increased the intensities of GST, GSH, catalase; and down regulated lipid peroxidase (LPO) in cortex and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). It also reduced Nrf2, NF-kB, and IL6 expression, analyzed through IHC, improved histopathological features, and increased COX-2 and decreased PPAR-γ expressions, while RT-PCR analysis revealed increased PPAR-γ expressions in genistein-treated rats.

Conclusion
Genistein exhibited potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in migraine treatment, acting through multifactorial mechanisms by modulating the expression of numerous proteins in the region cortex and TNC.