bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Original article. Potential risk of dihydroergotamine causing medicationoveruse headache: preclinical evidence
Authors: Vibulyaseck Suteera , Bongsebandhu-phubhakdi Saknan , Maneesri le Grand Supang , Srikiatkhachorn Anan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground: Overuse of abortive medication is a common factor contributing to an increase in headache frequency in patients with migraine. Whether or not chronic exposure to dihydroergotamine (DHE) can lead to this transformation remains uncertain.Objective: To determine the effect of acute and chronic DHE exposure on development of cortical spreading depression (CSD) and trigeminal nociception.Methods: The study comprised two experiments, namely acute and chronic exposure. In the acute experiment, a single dose of DHE (100 μg/kg) was given to male Wistar rats after successful induction of CSD. In the chronic experiment, DHE was given daily for the period of 0, 7, 14, and 28 days. CSD was induced 30 minutes after the final injection and the cortical field potential was recorded. Expression of c-Fos in caudal brainstem was used as an indicator of trigeminal nociception.Results: Acute exposure to DHE attenuated the expression of c-Fos in the caudal brainstem without change in CSD response. By contrast, chronic exposure (14 and 28 days) to DHE increased the area under the curve of CSD waveforms. In parallel with the change in the CSD, there was significant increase of c-Fos expression within 14 days exposure to DHE and the expression remained significantly elevated for up to the 28 days examined.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that chronic DHE administration can increase cortical excitability and increase c-Fos expression in caudal brainstem. Our preclinical evidence suggests the possible adverse effect of chronic DHE use in causing chronification of headache.
Brief communication (Original). Rapid diagnosis of trisomy 21 by relative gene copy using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Sanguansermsri Chinnuwat , Tanpaiboon Pranoot , Charoenkwan Pimlak , Phusua Arunee 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground: Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome (DS) is the most common aneuploidy disorder. Fetal karyotypic analysis remains the criterion standard for prenatal diagnosis of DS, although the method is time consuming and requires skilled personnel. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) can be used to determine a difference in the amount of gene copy by calculation of the difference between the cycle threshold (ΔCT) of a tested gene and a reference gene.Objectives: To develop a rapid qPCR diagnostic method for trisomy 21.Methods: Ten DS patients with the known karyotype of trisomy 21 were enrolled. Their parents were included as controls. D21S11 locus on chromosome 21 and SM locus on chromosome 16 from each subject were amplified by qPCR. The D21S11/SM ΔCT and 2-ΔΔCTvalues were compared between DS patients and their parents.Results: The D21S11/SM ΔCT values of the DS patients were higher than their respective controls except for one family. The mean 2-ΔΔCTvalue between patients and mothers was 1.88 ± 0.95 (95% CI 1.20-2.56), and between fathers and mothers as controls was 1.06 ± 0.68 (95% CI 0.58-1.54).Conclusion: The diagnostic method of trisomy 21 by using qPCR is feasible, although false negative results may occur. Using more index genes is recommended to increase the sensitivity and specificity.
Historical assessment of diphtheritic myocarditis from a hospital in northeastern Thailand
Authors: Panamonta Manat , Chaikitpinyo Arnkisa , Lumbiganon Pagakrong , Panamonta Ouyporn , Auvichayapat Narong , Wongswadiwat Yuttapong , Thepsuthammarat Kaewjai , Panthongviriyakul Aunejit , Pongchaiyakul Choowong 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Although there have been many descriptive studies of diphtheria from resource limited countries, descriptions of the natural history of diphtheritic myocarditis in patients from these countries are scarce.
Objective: To present the natural history of diphtheritic myocarditis from a hospital in northeastern Thailand.
Methods: The clinical features of 38 patients with diphtheria admitted to the Khon Kaen University Hospital in northeastern Thailand between 1983 and 1996 were reviewed.
Results: Of the 38 cases of diphtheria, 10 progressed to diphtheritic myocarditis (26%). Electrocardiographic findings of the 10 patients with myocarditis were myocardial and conduction abnormalities. The presence of a clinically severe (toxic) type (P < 0.001) or a swollen neck (bull neck) (P = 0.001) was a predictor of the occurrence of myocarditis. Five (50%) of the 10 patients with myocarditis had conduction abnormalities (third-degree atrioventricular block 3, left bundle branch block 1, and right bundle branch block 1). Four patients with severe symptomatic bradyarrhythmia (third-degree atrioventricular block 3, and left bundle branch block 1) received ventricular pacing, and 3 patients died after this pacing. Echocardiographic abnormalities of left ventricular dilatation and myocardial hypertrophy were found in all 5 patients with conduction abnormalities. All 6 of 7 survivors of diphtheritic myocarditis had normal 12-lead electrocardiographic results at 1-month follow-up. A patient who was the survivor of third-degree AV block had an electrocardiographic finding of flat T waves, and with a complete echocardiographic normalization of left ventricular dilatation and myocardial hypertrophy.
Conclusion: The present study confirms that increasing diphtheria immunization coverage in the population remains the most important strategy for the control of diphtheria. In resource limited countries, clinical findings, electrocardiography, and sometimes where available, echocardiography are helpful in assessing the severity of diphtheritic myocarditis, decision making of acute management, and predicting fatal outcome.
Effect of aluminum on markers of bone formation resorption in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Susantitaphong Paweena , Tiranathanagul Khajohn , Katavetin Pisut , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , De Broe Marc E. , D’Haesec Patrick C. , Eiam-Ong Somchai 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground: T`he prevalence of aluminum (Al)-related toxicity in hemodialysis (HD) patients has declined. However, some HD patients continue to receive Al-based phosphate binders, in part because of the expense of Al-free binders.Objective: To explore the effect of Al-based binders and their discontinuation on iron status, and markers of bone formation resorption in HD patients.Methods: Following an initial screen of serum Al levels in 37 HD patients, a second screening was performed after discontinuation of Al-based binders in a 2-year follow-up. A desferrioxamine (DFO; 5 mg/kg) test, and assessment of iron status and bone markers were conducted in the second screening.Results: Mean serum Al level was initially 27.8 ± 10.3 μg/L. Thirteen patients had a serum Al >30 μg/L, a level considered possibly toxic. There was a positive correlation between serum Al levels, HD duration, and cumulative dose of Al-based binder. At the second screening, the mean serum Al level decreased to 12.5 ± 7.4 μg/L. The mean serum Al level increased to 26.0 ± 14.7 μg/L post-DFO, but in none of the patients did the change in serum Al exceed the 50 μg/L threshold associated with Al-induced bone disease. The decrease in serum Al level was associated with a significant increase in intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) whereas total alkaline phosphatase did not change.Conclusions: We recommend that if Al-based phosphate binders are used in HD patients, serum Al level, iron, and markers of bone formation resorption be closely monitored to ensure safe use of these drugs.
RH genotypes among Malaysian blood donors
Authors: Musa Rozi Hanisa , Hassan Afifah , Ayob Yasmin , Yusoff Narazah Mohd 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: RH genotyping studies have been conducted mainly in people of Caucasian and African descent. There is limited information regarding the molecular basis for RH genotypes in Malaysia.
Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of RHCE genotypes among different ethnic groups in Malaysia.
Methods: A total of 1014 whole blood samples were obtained from donors from 4 different ethnic groups (360 Malays, 434 Chinese, 164 Indians, and 56 others). All samples were phenotyped for C, c, D, E, and e using standard serologic methods and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis.
Results: In the blood samples that we analyzed, the distribution of RH genotype antigens was significantly different among the various ethnic groups. Our findings showed that CCDee is the most common in Malaysian blood donors; 18.4% (187/1014) compared with other genotypes. The ccDEE genotype is more prevalent in the Chinese: 65.6% (82/125), and the ccee genotype is more prevalent in Indians: 47.1% (65/138). There were discrepancies between phenotypes and genotypes. There were 17 (1.7%) discrepancies in RH C/c genotyping results and of these 47% (8/17) occurred in Malays. Discrepancies in RH E/e results occurred in 3 samples (0.3%).
Conclusions: Our study provides a database for the distribution of RH genotypes of donors from the major ethnic groups in Malaysia. Methods used in this study are useful for comparing the phenotypes and genotypes. Further investigation should be conducted to study the causes of these discrepancies using other molecular based techniques.
The effect of Kodály-based music experiences on joint attention in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Chiengchana Natee , Trakarnrung Somchai 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Kodály approach is one of widely used methods in music education and music therapy. The method is based on singing activities that could facilitate young children’s social development. Thus, the application of Kodály approach may be appropriate to enhance the joint attention behaviors of children with autism.
Objective: We examined the joint attention of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) during Kodály-based music experiences.
Methods: The A-B-C-B single-case design was employed to investigate the effectiveness of Kodály-based music experiences on joint attention behaviors of three children, ranging from 7.8 to 11.5 years of age, with autism who had manifested joint attention problems. The experimental sessions consisted of baseline condition (A), group intervention (B), and individual invention session (C). The SCERTS assessment process (SAP) was used to measure joint attention behaviors. The findings were presented using visual inspection.
Results: During baseline sessions, the three participants rarely engaged in joint attention with others. Their behaviors were stable during the first three sessions, with mean occurrence of 5, 9.3, and 4. In the course of the music intervention, they positively responded to the intervention. The frequencies of their behaviors continuously increased from the first group intervention sessions until the second group intervention sessions. Finally, the second group intervention sessions showed that most of the data points were above the mean of all previous sessions, with mean occurrence of 43.8, 34.1, and 18.8.
Conclusion: The Kodály approach was found one of useful methods in music education that can apply to music therapy to enhance joint attention behaviors of the children with autism. The children were able to learn how to engage in a group setting through singing activities, folk music, and solfège learning.
Longitudinal deficiency of upper limb: similar case presentation of two subjects with unilateral ulnar hemimelia, carpal and metacarpal deficiency, and severe oligodactyly
Authors: Afzal Muhammad , Malik Sajid 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Longitudinal deficiency of upper limbs with oligodactyly is a very rare congenital malformation. It manifests itself as preaxial or postaxial hypoplasia/aplasia of long bones accompanied by reduction of palm and phalanges.
Objective: To report two cases with essentially similar phenotypic presentation characterized by unilateral mesomelic shortening of limb, ulnar hypoplasia, and severe deficiency of skeletal elements of hand that were found in unrelated individuals.
Methods: Review of clinical and family history, phenotypic examination, physical and radiological investigations, and literature review.
Results: In both individuals, the right arm was short, the size of the middle arm and hand being dramatically reduced in size, and the hand comprising only two functional digits. Roentgenograms revealed hemimelia/ dysmelia of the ulna, hypoplasia of radius, dysplastic distal radial head, and several missing carpals. Only two phalangeal rays were witnessed in the hand. Radiographic measurements showed a normal contralateral arm and lower limbs, and no other associated symptoms. These phenotypes were classified as type I and type D according to the schemes proposed by Swanson et al., and Ogino and Kato, respectively. Both individuals were the product of third degree consanguineous unions (F = 0.0625).
Conclusion: Consistent phenotypic pattern of longitudinal limb anomalies evident in two independent subjects suggest a common underlying genetic etiology. There is currently no known genetic factor to allow molecular testing and risk estimation for family members. Isolated limb anomalies may provide important clues to understand pathomorphogenetic mechanisms that lead to the disruption of normal limb development.
Da incredibile a credibile: strategie nazionali di promozione turistica in India
Authors: Maria Angelillo  
Published: August 2015

Tourism is at the top of Indian current Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s agenda: according to Bharatiya Janata Party’s manifesto, tourism can play a key role in India’s socio-economic progress. The country had last formulated a tourism policy in 2002, when the multimillion dollar nation branding campaign which received the name “Incredible India” was launched on an international level. The primary objective of this branding exercise was to create a distinctive identity for the country. Through the analysis of the campaign’s themes, the paper discusses its connection with orientalist imagery and colonial meanings as well as its effectiveness in promoting the Indian tourist industry. The article dwells on how the government’s campaign constructs the Indian difference for an imagined global audience. Questions of cultural othering, the role of colonialism, and contemporary neocolonial structures in relation to tourism promotion for India are discussed. In this paper it is argued that, if the government is serious about branding India with Narendra Modi’s much hyped 5 Ts, with tourism as a leading contributor, a new paradigm different from the “Incredible India” one may be necessary.
Overview of Probing Protein‐Ligand Interactions Using NMR
Authors: Aguirre Clémentine , Cala Olivier , Krimm Isabelle 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful technique for the study and characterization of protein‐ligand interactions. In this unit we review both experiments where the NMR spectrum of the protein is observed (protein‐observed NMR experiments) and those where the NMR spectra of the ligand is observed (ligand‐observed NMR experiments) for the identification of binding partners, the measurement of protein‐ligand affinity, the design of molecules that are active against biological targets such as proteins, and the assessment of the binding modes of the ligands. Ligand‐observed methods discussed in this unit are Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE)—based approaches, with well‐known experiments such as the Saturation Transfer Difference, Water‐Ligand Observed via Gradient Spectroscopy (WaterLOGSY), and transferred—Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (tr‐NOESY) experiments, and also the INPHARMA experiment. Regarding protein‐observed experiments, this unit focuses on the use of chemical shift perturbations observed in protein‐NMR spectra upon ligand binding. Also discussed is how these chemical shift perturbations can be used for the analysis of protein‐ligand complexes, including fast structure determination when combined with docking. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Single Lectins to Enrich Glycoproteins in Conditioned Media
Authors: Sethi Manveen K. , Fanayan Susan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLectins are sugar‐binding proteins that can recognize and bind to carbohydrates conjugated to proteins and lipids. Coupled with mass spectrometry technologies, lectin affinity chromatography is becoming a popular approach for identification and quantification of glycoproteins in complex samples such as blood, tumor tissues, and cell lines. Given the commercial availability of a large number of lectins that recognize diverse sugar structures, it is now possible to isolate and study glycoproteins for biological and medical research. This unit provides a general guide to single‐lectin‐based enrichment of glycoproteins from serum‐free conditioned media. Due to the unique carbohydrate specificity of most lectins and the complexity of the samples, optimization steps may be required to evaluate different elution buffers and methods as well as binding conditions, for each lectin, for optimal recovery of bound glycoproteins. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Applications of Lipid Nanodiscs for the Study of Membrane Proteins by Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Trahey Meg , Li Mavis Jiarong , Kwon Hyewon , Woodahl Erica L. , McClary Wynton D. , Atkins William M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMethods for the initial steps of surface plasmon resonance analysis of membrane proteins incorporated in lipid nanodiscs are described. Several types of Biacore sensor chips are available and require distinct strategies to immobilize proteonanodiscs on the chip surface. The procedures for immobilization on three of these chips (NTA, antibody coupled CM5, and L1) are described in this unit and results are demonstrated for a model system with cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) in nanodiscs binding to a polyclonal anti‐CYP3A4 antibody. Advantages and disadvantages of each chip type are considered. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation of Mouse Neutrophils
Authors: Swamydas Muthulekha , Luo Yi , Dorf Martin E. , Lionakis Michail S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNeutrophils represent the first line of defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Indeed, patients with inherited and acquired qualitative and quantitative neutrophil defects are at high risk for developing bacterial and fungal infections and suffering adverse outcomes from these infections. Therefore, research aiming at defining the molecular factors that modulate neutrophil effector function under homeostatic conditions and during infection is essential for devising strategies to augment neutrophil function and improve the outcome of infected individuals. This unit describes a reproducible density gradient centrifugation‐based protocol that can be applied in any laboratory to harvest large numbers of highly enriched and highly viable neutrophils from the bone marrow of mice both at the steady state and following infection with Candida albicans as described in
UNIT
. In another protocol, we also present a method that combines gentle enzymatic tissue digestion with a positive immunomagnetic selection technique or Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) to harvest highly pure and highly viable preparations of neutrophils directly from mouse tissues such as the kidney, the liver or the spleen. Finally, methods for isolating neutrophils from mouse peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood are included. Mouse neutrophils isolated by these protocols can be used for examining several aspects of cellular function ex vivo including pathogen binding, phagocytosis and killing, neutrophil chemotaxis, oxidative burst, degranulation and cytokine production, and for performing neutrophil adoptive transfer experiments. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Magnetospheric ULF waves with increasing amplitude related to solar wind dynamic pressure changes: The Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) observations
Authors: Shen X. C. , Zong Q.‐G. , Shi Q. Q. , Tian A. M. , Sun W. J. , Wang Y. F. , Zhou X. Z. , Fu S. Y. , Hartinger M. D. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUltralow frequency (ULF) waves play an important role in transferring energy by buffeting the magnetosphere with solar wind pressure impulses. The amplitudes of magnetospheric ULF waves, which are induced by solar wind dynamic pressure enhancements or shocks, are thought to damp in one half a wave cycle or an entire wave cycle. We report in situ observations of solar wind dynamic pressure impulse‐induced magnetospheric ULF waves with increasing amplitudes. We found six ULF wave events induced by solar wind dynamic pressure enhancements with slow but clear wave amplitude increase. During three or four wave cycles, the amplitudes of ion velocities and electric field of these waves increased continuously by 1.3–4.4 times. Two significant events were selected to further study the characteristics of these ULF waves. We found that the wave amplitude growth is mainly contributed by the toroidal mode wave. Three possible mechanisms of causing the wave amplitude increase are discussed. First, solar wind dynamic pressure perturbations, which are observed in a duration of 20–30 min, might transfer energy to the magnetospheric ULF waves continually. Second, the wave amplitude increase in the radial electric field may be caused by superposition of two wave modes, a standing wave excited by the solar wind dynamic impulse and a propagating compressional wave directly induced by solar wind oscillations. When superposed, the two wave modes fit observations as does a calculation that superposes electric fields from two wave sources. Third, the normal of the solar wind discontinuity is at an angle to the Sun‐Earth line. Thus, the discontinuity will affect the dayside magnetopause continuously for a long time.
Retrieving 65 years of volcano summit deformation from multitemporal structure from motion: The case of Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island)
Authors: Derrien Allan , Villeneuve Nicolas , Peltier Aline , Beauducel François 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe structure from motion photogrammetry technique enables use of historical airborne photography to achieve high‐resolution 3‐D terrain models. We apply this method on Piton de la Fournaise volcano (La Réunion), which allows a unique opportunity to retrieve high‐resolution (1.5–0.11 m) digital elevation models and precise deformation maps of the volcano since 1950. Our results provide evidence that the summit volume increased throughout the study period, at a stable rate of 2.2 Mm3/yr between 1950 and 2015, with an acceleration up to 8.0 Mm3/yr prior to the major 2007 eruption that was accompanied by summit caldera collapse. At the same time, summit deformation was asymmetric, with 9.2 ± 2.5 m of eastward seaward displacement and 1.3 ± 2.5 m to the west during 1950–2015. Our results reveal a temporal evolution in the volcano magma influx rate and deformation. Tracking these fluxes and the long‐lived preferential eastern motion is crucial to mitigate risks associated to flank destabilization.