bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale oil spills and flag-use within the global tanker fleet
Authors: MILLER DANA D. , TOOLEY KATHRYN , SUMAILA U. RASHID 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYWithin the global oil shipping sector, flag states that inadequately fulfil obligations to effectively exert jurisdiction over vessels flying their flags have been criticized for facilitating the existence of substandard ships. This paper examines the topic of flag-use and its potential association with oil spill risk. Flags most associated with accidental oil spills were identified through comparing the flag composition of the global oil tanker fleet with that of vessels that have been involved in the 100 largest tanker spills on record. Vessels flying flags of states that have exhibited consistent patterns of failure in compliance with international obligations, defined here as ‘flags of non-compliance’ (FoNCs), were found to be significantly more common amongst the vessels that have been involved in spill incidents. However, this was dependent on how the Liberian flag was qualified throughout the time period considered. If measures are being sought to reduce the risk of tanker involvement in large-scale oil spills further, vessel owners should be deterred from registering with FoNCs that are highly accessible to foreign owners, and political measures should be taken to put pressure on flag states that operate all other FoNCs to improve effective jurisdiction over ships flying these flags.
Allelic variants at codon 146 in thePRNPgene show significant differences in the risk for natural scrapie in Cypriot goats
Authors: ORTIZ-PELAEZ A. , GEORGIADOU S. , SIMMONS M. M. , WINDL O. , DAWSON M. , ARNOLD M. E. , NEOCLEOUS P. , PAPASAVVA-STYLIANOU P. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYPrevious studies have shown the association between the polymorphisms serine (S) or aspartic acid (D) at codon 146 of thePRNPgene and resistance to scrapie. All goats aged >12 months (a total of 1075 animals) from four herds with the highest prevalence of scrapie in the country were culled and tested, of which 234 (21·7%) were positive by either the rapid test or immunohistochemistry (IHC) for any of the tissues tested. The odds of scrapie infection occurring in NN146goats was 101 [95% credible interval (CrI) 19–2938] times higher than for non-NN146or unknown genotypes. IHC applied to lymphoreticular tissue produced the highest sensitivity (94%, 95% CrI 90–97). The presence of putatively resistant non-NN146alleles in the Cypriot goat population, severely affected by scrapie, provides a potential tool to reduce/eradicate scrapie provided that coordinated nationwide breeding programmes are implemented and maintained over time.
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusblood culture isolates: results of the Quebec Provincial Surveillance Programme
Authors: LÉVESQUE S. , BOURGAULT A. M. , GALARNEAU L. A. , MOISAN D. , DOUALLA-BELL F. , TREMBLAY C. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThe objectives of this study were to characterize methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) blood culture isolates and to determine their relative importance in both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. A total of 535 MRSA blood culture isolates were analysed.In vitrosusceptibility to 14 agents was determined. The genesnuc, mecAand coding for PVL toxin were identified by PCR. All isolates were characterized by PFGE orspatyping to assess their genomic relationships. Most MRSA isolates were retrieved from nosocomial bloodstream infections (474, 89%) and were of the CMRSA2 genotype. Healthcare-associated (HA)-MRSA bloodstream infections were associated with older age (70–89 years,P = 0·002) and most often secondary to central line infections (P = 0·005). Among MRSA strains associated with community-acquired (CA)-MRSA, 28·8% were isolated in intravenous drug users. CA-MRSA genotypes were more frequently found in young adults (20–39 years,P < 0·0001) with skin/soft tissue as the primary sources of infection (P = 0·006). CMRSA10 genotype was the predominant CA-MRSA strain. All MRSA isolates were susceptible to doxycycline, tigecycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and vancomycin. Both the presence of the genes coding for PVL toxin (89·8%) and susceptibility to clindamycin (86·5%) were predictive of CA-MRSA genotypes. Whereas in the USA, HA-MRSA have been replaced by USA300 (CMRSA10) clone as the predominant MRSA strain type in positive blood cultures from hospitalized patients, this phenomenon has not been observed in the province of Quebec.
Assembly and dynamics of the autophagy-initiating Atg1 complex
Authors: Stjepanovic Goran , Davies Christopher W. , Stanley Robin E. , Ragusa Michael J. , Kim Do Jin , Hurley James H. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Autophagy is conserved and essential for cellular survival during starvation and stress, and is initiated by the autophagy-related 1 (Atg1) complex. In yeast, the three subunits Atg17, Atg29, and Atg31 assemble first, and their structure is known. There has been a debate over how the Atg1 and Atg13 subunits assemble when autophagy is triggered. Here we use mass spectrometry to show that the C-terminal domain of Atg1 is highly dynamic on its own. Atg1 forms a stable complex when it binds with high affinity to Atg13. The combined Atg1–Atg13 subcomplex then binds with moderate affinity to the preformed Atg17–Atg31–Atg29 scaffold. This highlights the binding of Atg1–Atg13 to Atg17–Atg31–Atg29 as a pivotal step in autophagy initiation.
Effect of Standardized Surveillance of Intensive Care Unit–Acquired Infections on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Incidence
Authors: Bénet Thomas , Ecochard René , Voirin Nicolas , Machut Anaïs , Lepape Alain , Savey Anne , Vanhems Philippe 
Published: August 2014

In a multicenter surveillance of intensive care unit (ICU)–acquired infections, adjusted ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence diminished by −1.0% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], −1.8 to −0.2; P = .02) in ICUs with continuous surveillance but increased by +16.1% (95% CI, 0.5%–34.1%; P = .04) in the year following surveillance disruption, suggesting a preventive effect of surveillance on VAP.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(10):1290–1293
Aspirin Use for Primary and Secondary Prevention in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Patients
Authors: Suchindran Sujit , Regan Susan , Meigs James B. , Grinspoon Steven K. , Triant Virginia A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground.  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). The use of aspirin for primary and secondary MI prevention in HIV infection has not been extensively studied.Methods.  We performed a cross-sectional study of 4037 patients infected with HIV and 36 338 demographics-matched control patients in the Partners HealthCare System HIV cohort. We developed an algorithm to ascertain rates of nonepisodic acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) use using medication and electronic health record free text data. We assessed rates of ASA use among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected (negative) patients with and without coronary heart disease (CHD).Results.  Rates of ASA use were lower among HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected patients (12.4% vs 15.3%, P &lt; .001), with a relatively greater difference among patients with ≥2 CHD risk factors (22.1% vs 42.4%, P &lt; .001). This finding was present among men and among patients in the 30–39 and 40–49 age groups. Among patients with prevalent CHD using ASA for secondary prevention, rates of ASA use were also lower among HIV-infected patients compared with HIV-uninfected patients (51.6% vs 65.4%, P &lt; .001).Conclusions.  Rates of ASA use were lower among HIV-infected patients compared with controls, with a greater relative difference among those with elevated CHD risk and those with known CHD. Further studies are needed to investigate the optimal strategies for ASA use among patients infected with HIV.
The Successful Application of a National Peer Advisory Committee for Physicians Who Provide Salvage Regimens to Heavily Antiretroviral-Experienced Patients in Mexican Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clinics
Authors: Calva Juan J. , Sierra-Madero Juan , Soto-Ramírez Luis E. , Aguilar-Salinas Pedro 
Published: August 2014

Background.  Designing optimal antiretroviral (ARV) salvage regimens for multiclass drug-resistant, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients demands specific clinical skills. Our aim was to assess the virologic and immunologic effects of the treatment recommendations drafted by a peer advisory board to physicians caring for heavily ARV-experienced patients.Methods.  We conducted a nationwide, HIV clinic-based, cohort study in Mexico. Adults infected with HIV were assessed for a median of 33 months (interquartile range [IQR] = 22–43 months). These patients had experienced the virologic failure of at least 2 prior ARV regimens and had detectable viremia while currently being treated; their physicians had received therapeutic advice, by a panel of experts, regarding the ARV salvage regimen. The primary endpoint was the incidence of loss of virologic response (plasma HIV-RNA levels of &lt;200 copies per mL, followed by levels above this threshold) during the follow-up assessment using an observed-failure competing risks regression analysis.Results.  A total of 611 patients were observed (median ARV therapy exposure = 10.5 years; median prior regimens = 4). The probabilities of virologic failure were 11.9%, 14.4%, 16.9%, and 19.4% at the 12-, 24-, 36-, and 48-month follow-up assessments, respectively. Of the 531 patients who achieved a confirmed plasma HIV-RNA level below 200 copies per mL, the median increase in blood CD4+ T-cell count was 162 cells per mL (IQR = 45–304 cells per mL).Conclusions.  In routine practice, a high rate of patients with extensive ARV experience, who received an optimized salvage regimen recommended by a peer advisory committee, achieved a long-term sustained virologic response and immune reconstitution.
Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging in Paediatric Patients
Authors: Matos Hugo , Trindade Ana , Noruegas Maria J. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:The objective of this study was to obtain a normal value for liver shear wave velocities (SWVs) in healthy paediatric patients and to investigate variations concerning age, sex, and different approaches, depths, and lobes of measurements.Methods:A total of 150 healthy children (2 months–17 years) were examined with acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technology by an experienced paediatric radiologist, after receiving an informed consent. Measurements obtained were divided according to group age (n = 50, 0–5 years; n = 50, 6–11 years; n = 50, 12–17 years); sex (male–female); lobe (right–left lobe); approach (intercostal–subcostal), and depth of measurements (1–5 and 5–6 cm for the youngest group; 2–6 to 6–8 cm for the 2 other groups). Comparative analyses were performed with measurements obtained at right and left lobes, with different depths and approaches. Differences between age and sex were also analysed.Results:Mean SWV in the right liver lobe was 1.07 ± 0.10 m/s. No significant differences were found according to sex or among different probe locations. SWVs were, however, significantly higher within left lobe in comparison with right liver lobe (1.07 ± 0.10 m/s, right; 1.21 ± 0.16 m/s, left). Depth of measurements also influenced SWV values obtained, being slightly lower at deeper locations. Regarding the age significant differences were found for children <6 years old compared with other age groups.Conclusions:ARFI analysis seems to be influenced by age, depth, and lobe of measurements. A mean SWV value of 1.07 ± 0.10 m/s for healthy paediatric population with the possibility of reaching 1.12 m/s in the case of younger children was found. ARFI values were more consistently obtained analysing right liver lobe and depths lower than 5 to 6 cm.
Increased Ratio of Electron Transport to Net Assimilation Rate Supports Elevated Isoprenoid Emission Rate in Eucalypts under Drought
Authors: Dani Kaidala Ganesha Srikanta , Jamie Ian McLeod , Prentice Iain Colin , Atwell Brian James 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Plants undergoing heat and low-CO2 stresses emit large amounts of volatile isoprenoids compared with those in stress-free conditions. One hypothesis posits that the balance between reducing power availability and its use in carbon assimilation determines constitutive isoprenoid emission rates in plants and potentially even their maximum emission capacity under brief periods of stress. To test this, we used abiotic stresses to manipulate the availability of reducing power. Specifically, we examined the effects of mild to severe drought on photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) and net carbon assimilation rate (NAR) and the relationship between estimated energy pools and constitutive volatile isoprenoid emission rates in two species of eucalypts: Eucalyptus occidentalis (drought tolerant) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (drought sensitive). Isoprenoid emission rates were insensitive to mild drought, and the rates increased when the decline in NAR reached a certain species-specific threshold. ETR was sustained under drought and the ETR-NAR ratio increased, driving constitutive isoprenoid emission until severe drought caused carbon limitation of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. The estimated residual reducing power unused for carbon assimilation, based on the energetic status model, significantly correlated with constitutive isoprenoid emission rates across gradients of drought (r 2 &gt; 0.8) and photorespiratory stress (r 2 &gt; 0.9). Carbon availability could critically limit emission rates under severe drought and photorespiratory stresses. Under most instances of moderate abiotic stress levels, increased isoprenoid emission rates compete with photorespiration for the residual reducing power not invested in carbon assimilation. A similar mechanism also explains the individual positive effects of low-CO2, heat, and drought stresses on isoprenoid emission.
Demystifying the challenges involved in publishing a high quality taxation paper
Authors: Sawyer Adrian 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to offer strategies that can enhance the likelihood of successfully developing an idea through to publication in a high-quality journal. The paper also seeks to demystify what lies behind the editorial and review processes that form part of that journey.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is based on the author’s 20+ years’ experience as a journal editor, editorial board member, ad hoc reviewer and author.

Findings
– Successfully publishing in high-quality journals is a combination of a well-developed idea, meticulous planning and execution of the research, a thorough review of the target journal’s scope and expectations, attention to detail in drafting the paper and reasoned and reflective responses to guidance and recommendations from editors and referees, supplemented by some good fortune and natural talent.

Practical implications
– This paper is intended primarily to be a resource that demystifies what lies behind the process for researchers seeking to develop their profile as an author of high-quality papers in high-quality peer-reviewed journals with a focus on the discipline of taxation. In this regard its primary intended audience is thesis students and those relatively new to academia.

Originality/value
– Existing contributions to the literature concerning the publication process are numerous, but few studies offer a succinct summary for new and emerging researchers in mind, especially those undertaking taxation research.
The Minerals Resource Rent Tax
Authors: Passant John 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to look at the recent history of proposals to tax resource rents in Australia, from Australia’s Future Tax System Report (the “Henry Tax Review”) through to the proposed Resource Super Profits Tax (“RSPT”) and then the Minerals Resource Rent Tax (“MRRT”). The process of change from Henry to the RSPT to the MRRT can best be understood in the context of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) as a capitalist workers’ party. The author argues that it is this tension in the ALP, the shift in its internal balance further towards capital and the lack of class struggle, that has seen Labor preside over what the father of rent tax in Australia, Ross Garnaut, describes as a “problematic” tax.

Design/methodology/approach
– Qualitative research using Marxist tools.

Findings
– The paper argues that the poor health of the MRRT is a consequence of the nature of the Labor Party as a capitalist workers’ party, the shifts in power and influence within its material constitution and in essence the ascendency of capital in the capitalist workers’ party.

Originality/value
– A very original approach to understanding the nature of the MRRT in Australia.
The compensation committee and the remuneration of the directors
Authors: Pucheta‐Martínez María Consuelo , Narro‐Forés Cristina 
Published: August 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze if the composition and activity of the appointment and remuneration committee have a significant effect in the remunerations of the members of the board of directors.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the paper's objective the authors proposed four hypotheses in order to analyze the repercussions of independent, institutional and executive directors in the Appointment and Retribution Committee (ARC) and its activity in the directors’ remunerations.FindingsThe results put into evidence that the composition (independent, institutional and executive members) of the ARC is not associated with the variation of the directors remuneration mean, while the activity of the ARC influences positively this remuneration mean, contrary to what was expected.Originality/valueThe ARC in Spain is not effective in fixating the directors’ remunerations.PropósitoEl objetivo de este artículo es analizar si la configuración y actividad de las comisiones de nombramientos y remuneraciones (CNR) tienen un efecto significativo en las remuneraciones de los miembros del consejo de administración.Diseño/metodología/enfoquePara alcanzar el objetivo del artículo hemos planteado cuatro hipótesis con la finalidad de analizar la repercusión de los consejeros independientes, dominicales y ejecutivos de las CNR y la actividad de las mismas en las remuneraciones de los consejeros.HallazgosLos resultados ponen de manifiesto que la composición (miembros independientes, dominicales y ejecutivos) de las CNR no se asocian con la variación de las remuneraciones medias de los consejeros, mientras que la actividad de las CNR influye de manera positiva, contrario a lo pronosticado, en las variaciones de las retribuciones medias de los consejeros.Originalidad/valorLas CNR en España no son efectivas en la fijación de las retribuciones de los consejeros.
The challenge of exceptional communication
Authors: Fitsimmons Gary 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to promote good communication practices.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article defines the elements of the communication process, shows the most likely trouble spots in that process and discusses what good communication practice looks like practically.

Findings
– The article’s findings are that the key to good communication practices is strong trusting relationships between the communicators.

Practical implications
– Good communication practices affect productivity and therefore the bottom line.

Social implications
– Workplace relationships affect the quality of workplace communication and vice versa.

Originality/value
– The value of the article is a reminder of how to deal effectively with one of the most common workplace challenges.
Strategic budgeting instead of strategic planning
Authors: Luther Cottrell Terrance 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– This article aims to explain why sometimes separating strategic budgeting from strategic planning can be advantageous for library staff as a means of reshaping debate about operations. Strategic planning is a popular concern for library leaders of all types. Budgeting is commonly a component of the strategic planning process.

Design/methodology/approach
– When, why and how to begin strategic budgeting conversations are explained with detail given toward seven specific goals appropriate for budgeting discussions above and beyond common strategic operational matters related to services, collections and/or facilities.

Findings
– Consultant intervention, and restructuring periods, are clear times to introduce the concept of strategic budgeting to library staff. Fundamentally, however, immediate implementation of fiscal strategy development is recommended for a smooth and effective transitional process to take shape.

Originality/value
– Budgeting does not have to a piece of overall strategic planning. Depending on the need or the focus of the organization, forsaking strategic planning in favor of strategic budgeting can be a superior program for the advancement of library initiatives.
Librarians and their bequests
Authors: Steele Kirstin 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to consider librarians as donors.

Design/methodology/approach
– Opinion; literature review.

Findings
– Librarians are likely to remember charities with wills or other financial bequests.

Research limitations/implications
– A collection of stories about librarians as donors might be marketable. Look into library development success when partnering with professional financial advisors.

Practical implications
– Be nice to retired librarians and market your library’s giving opportunities to financial advisors.

Originality/value
– The author found no evidence of employment or occupation as a donor characteristic; this might be worth exploring either as research or profiteering.
Exploring gender culture at a telecommunications company
Authors: Nagy Beáta , Vicsek Lilla 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to interpret the expectations, the norms and values related to gender within the concept of organizational culture. Over the past decades, organizational researches have paid great attention to cultural research and feminist theories have increasingly examined organizations from the angle of gender. The research the authors conducted in a business organization attempts to link these two areas.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors used the focus group discussion method at a telecommunications company in the spring of 2011 in central Hungary.

Findings
– The employees interviewed made a sharp distinction between professional and managerial competencies of female managers, accepting the former and often questioning the latter. Female managers met with lack of understanding and reserve if they returned to work when their children were still very young – not a common practice in Hungarian society – or if they worked in a top managerial position.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings cannot be generalized.

Social implications
– Although women managers’ acceptance is widespread on the level of rhetoric, they face prejudices in several situations in workplaces.

Originality/value
– Novelties of the research include examining the compatibility of priorities based on traditional gender expectations and priorities based on high level of investment in women’s human capital in a highly competitive organizational context within a post-socialist society. The paper presents new insights linked to gendered organizational culture, which has been rarely analysed, and presents data from a Central Eastern European society which differs in many respects from previously investigated countries.