bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase II trial evaluating the efficacy of sorafenib (BAY 43‐9006) and correlating early fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–CT response to outcome in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer
Authors: Lalami Yassine , Garcia Camillo , Flamen Patrick , Ameye Lieveke , Paesmans Marianne , Awada Ahmad 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and to explore the predictive value of early metabolic responses.MethodsSorafenib was administered orally at 400 mg bid on a continuous basis. The primary endpoint was the response rate. Correlation of early 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)‐CT response to time‐to‐event outcomes was a secondary objective.ResultsTwenty‐three patients were included in this study. Grade 3 to 4 toxicities included fatigue (22%), hand‐foot syndrome (9%), lymphopenia (17%), hyponatremia (39%), and hypophosphatemia (48%). One patient (5%) had a partial response (PR) and 12 patients (55%) had stable disease. Early metabolic response rate was 38%. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 2.2 months in early metabolic nonresponders (13 of 21 patients) in comparison to 7.4 months in the 8 patients with class I early metabolic response (p = .006).ConclusionSorafenib showed a modest antitumor activity. Data suggest a possible role of 18FDG PET metabolic response as an early predictor of a prolonged PFS. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 347–354, 2016
Behavior analysts can be interdisciplinary too: A review of Durand's Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Smith Tristram 
Published: October 2014

AbstractV. Mark Durand's (2013) book, Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Guide for General Practitioners, eases readers into the vast scientific literature on individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), encourages behavior analysts to examine our place in this literature, and illustrates how we might communicate effectively with a general audience. Durand shows that we have developed many beneficial interventions for individuals with ASD yet may harbor obsolete views about what ASD is. Moreover, his description of ASD suggests that we should consider expanding our range of treatment targets and serve a broader segment of the ASD population. He also shows that investigators in disciplines outside applied behavior analysis (ABA) have contributed to understanding the causes and characteristics of ASD. Thus, rather than focusing mainly on ABA, Durand portrays ABA as one of many disciplines engaged in productive research on ASD; this portrayal may be both accurate and effective as a communication strategy.
Cell‐Type Variation in Stress Responses as a Consequence of Manipulating GRP78 Expression in Neuroectodermal Cells
Authors: Martin Shaun , Lovat Penny E. , Redfern Chris P.F. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTGlucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a stress sensor which interacts with unfolded protein response (UPR) activators in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that GRP78 has distinct functional roles in mediating the effects of ER stress in neuroblastoma compared to other neuroectodermal cancer types. GRP78 was knocked down or overexpressed in neuroectodermal tumor cell lines. Protein and transcript expression were measured using Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction; cell stress was assessed by measurement of oxidative stress and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and cell response by measurement of apoptosis and cell viability. Neuroblastoma cells were more sensitive to ER stress than melanoma and glioblastoma cells. GRP78 knockdown increased stress sensitivity of melanoma and glioblastoma cells, but not neuroblastoma cells. Over‐expression of GRP78 decreased the stress sensitivity of melanoma and glioblastoma cells but, in contrast, increased the stress sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells by activation of caspase‐3‐independent cell death and substantially increased the expression of UPR activators, particularly inositol‐requiring element 1 (IRE1). The results from this study suggest that cell‐type specific differences in the relationships between GRP78 and the UPR activators, particularly IRE1, may determine differential sensitivity to ER stress. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 438–449, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Symbolic Calculation of Two‐Center Overlap Integrals Over Slater‐Type Orbitals
Authors: Gümüş Sedat , Özdoǧan Telhat 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo‐center overlap integrals over Slater type orbitals (STOs) have been expressed in terms of the well‐known Mulliken's integrals Bn(pt) using Rodrigues's formula for normalized associated Legendre functions. A computer program is written in Mathematica 4.0 for the evaluation of two‐center overlap integrals over STOs. Using this computer program, symbolic tables are presented for two‐center overlap integrals up to quantum numbers 1 ≤ n,n′ ≤ 3, 0 ≤ l,l′ ≤ 2, −2 ≤ m,m′ ≤ 2. Numerical results of this work, for some quantum sets, have also been compared with prior literature and best agreement achieved with recent works of Barnett while some discrepancies were obtained with works of Öztekin et al. and Guseinov et al.
Study on the Solid Phase Extraction of Hg(II)‐ABR Chelate with C18 Disks and its Application to the Determination of Mercury in Tobacco and Tobacco Additives
Authors: Chen Zhangyu , Yang Guangyu , Hu Qiufen , Yin Jiayuan , Su Qingde 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA highly sensitive, selective and rapid method for the determination of mercury based on the rapid reaction of mercury(II) with 5‐(p‐aminobenzylidene)‐rhodanine (ABR) and the solid phase extraction of the colored chelate with C18 disks has been developed. In the presence of pH = 3.5 sodium acetate‐acetic acid buffer solution and Emulsifier‐OP medium, ABR reacts with mercury(II) to form a red chelate of a molar ratio 1:2 (mercury to ABR). This chelate was enriched by the solid phase extraction with C18 disks and eluted the retained chelate from the disks with dimethyl formamide (DMF). The enrichment factor of 50 was achieved. In the DMF medium, the molar absorptivity of the chelate is 1.16 × 105 L.mol−1.cm−1 at 540 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0.01˜3 μg/mL in the measured solution. The relative standard deviation for eleven replicated samples of 0.01 μg/mL level is 1.83%. This method was applied to the determination of mercury in tobacco and tobacco additives with good results.
A Mild Isomerization Reaction for β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketone to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketone
Authors: Lee Adam Shih‐Yuan , Lin Mei‐Chun , Wang Shu‐Huei , Lin Li‐Shin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA series of β,γ‐unsaturated ketones were isomerized to their corresponding α,β‐unsaturated ketones by the introduction of DABCO in iPrOH at room temperature. The endo‐cyclic double bond (β,γ‐position) on ketone was rearranged to exo‐cyclic double bond (α,β‐position) under the reaction conditions.
Partiell benzylierte Kohlenhydrate, 2. Synthese aller Methyl‐mono‐, Methyl‐di‐ und Methyl‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside.
Authors: Küster Jürgen M , Dyong Ingolf 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDurch Kombinationen von Benzylierungs‐ und reversiblen Allylierungsreaktionen werden aus Methyl‐4.6‐O‐benzyliden‐z‐D‐glucosid (2)alle 14 Mono‐, Di‐, und Tri‐O‐benzyläther des Methyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranosids (1) synthetisiert.
Entmethylierung von Tropanderivaten mit Phosgen
Authors: Banholzer Rolf , Heusner Alex , Schulz Werner 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTropanderivate lassen sich in einfacher Weise durch Einwirkung von Phosgen entmethylieren. Die entstandenen N‐Chlorformylverbindungen werden durch Wasser glatt zu den entsprechenden Norverbindungen verseift.
Umlagerungen vinyloger Carbonsäaureehloride, XIII. 2H‐Pyran‐Valenzisomerisierung von 3‐Acetyl‐5,6,6‐trichlor‐3,5‐hexadien‐2‐on und sigmatrope [1,5]‐Verschiebung zum 3‐Acetyl‐2,5,6‐trichlor‐2‐methylpyran
Authors: Roedig Alfred , Hilberth Josef , Renk Hans Arnd 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAus den CO‐Frequenzen im IR und dem chemischen Verhalten wird für das aus Trichloracrolein und Acetylaceton erhaltene Kondensationsprodukt 1 eine Bevorzugung der s‐cis‐Konformation abgeleitet. Dadurch wird die Valenzisomerisierung zum Pyran 3 und die Bildung des Pyrons 4 sehr begünstigt. 1 lagert sich bereits bei 50–60°C rasch in 3 und durch nachfolgende [1,5]‐Chlorverschiebung sofort weiter in das stabilere Pyran 15 um. Das merocyaninartige Bindungssystem von 15 verhindert den Pyryliumringschluß mit Lewis‐Säuren. Die Pyryliumsalze 18 sind nur aus 1, wahrscheinlich über 3 erhältlich. Bei weiterer thermischer Belastung von 15 bleibt die erwartete Ringöffnung zum Säurechlorid 16 aus. Stattdessen tritt schon bei 90°C Dehydrochlorierung zu 17 ein. Die konstitutionellen Zusammenhänge werden durch weitere Reaktionen erhärtet. Die Hydrolyse von 15, 18 und protoniertem 17 ergibt das Pyron 4 Mit 2,4‐Dinitrophenylhydrazin wird 1 in das Monohydrazon 6 oder in das Pyridon 8 übergeführt, während 4, 15 und 17 das Pyron‐hydrazon 5 ergeben. Weitere bemerkenswerte Derivate sind das Pyridon‐hydrazon 8 und das Pyrazol 10 aus 6 sowie das acetylsubstituierte Pyridon 13a aus 1, 4 und 15 mit Anilin.
Über Valoneagerbstoffe, V. Trillosäure, eine neue Phenolcarbonsäure aus Valoneagerbstoffen
Authors: Mayer Walter , Busath Harald , Schick Hartmut 
Published: October 2014

AbstractValolaginsäure1) (1) liefert bei saurer Hydrolyse neben Ellagsäure eine kristalline Verbindung 3 (Trillosäuretrilacton. C21H12O14), von welcher die Derivate 3a–c dargestellt wurden. Die Verbindungen 3 enthalten eine Ellagsäuregruppierung, die durch eine CC‐Bindung mit dem λ‐Lacton einer λ‐Carboxy‐α‐hydroxyadipinsäure verbunden ist. Weitere 1H‐NMR‐Untersuchungen belegen mit der extremen Tieffeldverschiebung von H3* die Verknüpfung im Sinne der Formel 3. Die in Valolaginsäure gebundene Trillosäure besitzt danach die Konstitution 2, womit der Strukturvorschlag 1 für Valolaginsaure1) bestätigt ist.
Diborylamine mit funktionellen Gruppen am Bor
Authors: Barlos Kleomenis , Christl Hans , Nöth Heinrich 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie thermische Stabilität von Diborylaminen wird durch die sterisch anspruchsvolle Trimethylsilygruppe am zentralen N‐Atom beträchtlich erhöht. Ausgehend von N[Si(CH)3]3 and CH3 BBr2 ist das Diborylamin (CH3)3Si‐ N(BBrCH3)2 zugänglich, dessen Br‐Atome sich teilweise oder völlig gegen (CH3)2N‐, CH3O‐ oder CH3S‐Gruppen austauschen lassen. Alle diese Diborylborlamine mit funktionellen Gruppen am Bor sind mindestens bis 150°C stabil. Die BBr3 ‐ Umsetzung von (CH3) and schließlich Br(CH)Si‐N (BB4CH3)2. Struktur and Bindungsverhältnisse der neuen Diborylamine werden an Hand der NMR‐Daten besprochen.
Cycloadditionsreaktionen von Heterokumulenen, VII. 1, 4‐Dipole aus Vinylidendiaminen und Isocyanaten order Isothiocyanaten
Authors: Schaumann Ernst , Sieveking Stefan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie Yinylidendiamine 1 reagieren mit den Arylisothiocyanaten 2 zu einem Gleichgewichtssystem mit den Dipolen 3, von denen 3a‐c in Substanz isoliert werden konnten. Die Dipole 3 wurden durch Hydrolyse, Protonierung und Methylierung zu 7‐9 charakterisiert. Kinetische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die Reaktion durch steigende Nucleophilie von 1 und zunehmende Elektrophilie von 2 begünstigt wird. Mit dem Sulfonylisocyanat 10 und den Sulfonylisothiocyanaten 11 bilden die Verbindungen 1 die stabilen Dipole 12 bzw. 13C.
A decomposition‐based approach to uncertainty analysis of feed‐forward multicomponent systems
Authors: Amaral Sergio , Allaire Douglas , Willcox Karen 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYTo support effective decision making, engineers should comprehend and manage various uncertainties throughout the design process. Unfortunately, in today's modern systems, uncertainty analysis can become cumbersome and computationally intractable for one individual or group to manage. This is particularly true for systems comprised of a large number of components. In many cases, these components may be developed by different groups and even run on different computational platforms. This paper proposes an approach for decomposing the uncertainty analysis task among the various components comprising a feed‐forward system and synthesizing the local uncertainty analyses into a system uncertainty analysis. Our proposed decomposition‐based multicomponent uncertainty analysis approach is shown to be provably convergent in distribution under certain conditions. The proposed method is illustrated on quantification of uncertainty for a multidisciplinary gas turbine system and is compared to a traditional system‐level Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of an HDG method for linear elasticity
Authors: Fu G. , Cockburn B. , Stolarski H. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryWe present the first a priori error analysis for the first hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for linear elasticity proposed in Internat. J. Numer. Methods Engrg. 80 (2009), no. 8, 1058–1092. We consider meshes made of polyhedral, shape‐regular elements of arbitrary shape and show that, whenever piecewise‐polynomial approximations of degree are used and the exact solution is smooth enough, the antisymmetric part of the gradient of the displacement converges with order k, the stress and the symmetric part of the gradient of the displacement converge with order k + 1/2, and the displacement converges with order k + 1. We also provide numerical results showing that the orders of convergence are actually sharp. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A collocated C0 finite element method: Reduced quadrature perspective, cost comparison with standard finite elements, and explicit structural dynamics
Authors: Schillinger Dominik , Evans John A. , Frischmann Felix , Hiemstra René R. , Hsu Ming‐Chen , Hughes Thomas J.R. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryWe demonstrate the potential of collocation methods for efficient higher‐order analysis on standard nodal finite element meshes. We focus on a collocation method that is variationally consistent and geometrically flexible, converges optimally, embraces concepts of reduced quadrature, and leads to symmetric stiffness and diagonal consistent mass matrices. At the same time, it minimizes the evaluation cost per quadrature point, thus reducing formation and assembly effort significantly with respect to standard Galerkin finite element methods. We provide a detailed review of all components of the technology in the context of elastodynamics, that is, weighted residual formulation, nodal basis functions on Gauss–Lobatto quadrature points, and symmetrization by averaging with the ultra‐weak formulation. We quantify potential gains by comparing the computational efficiency of collocated and standard finite elements in terms of basic operation counts and timings. Our results show that collocation is significantly less expensive for problems dominated by the formation and assembly effort, such as higher‐order elastostatic analysis. Furthermore, we illustrate the potential of collocation for efficient higher‐order explicit dynamics. Throughout this work, we advocate a straightforward implementation based on simple modifications of standard finite element codes. We also point out the close connection to spectral element methods, where many of the key ideas are already established. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using controlled radical polymerization to confirm the lower critical solution temperature of an N‐(alkoxyalkyl) acrylamide polymer in aqueous solution
Authors: Savelyeva Xeniya , Li Lucia , Marić Milan 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTN‐(3‐Methoxypropyl) acrylamide (MPAM) was polymerized by controlled radical polymerization (CRP) methods such as nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) and reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization (RAFT). CRP was expected to yield well‐defined polymers with sharp lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transitions. NMP with the BlocBuilder (2‐([tert‐butyl[1‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl]amino]oxy)‐2‐methylpropanoic acid) and SG1 ([tert‐butyl[1‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl]amino] oxidanyl) initiating system revealed low yields and lack of control (high dispersity, Đ ∼ 1.5–1.6, and inhibition of chain growth). However, RAFT was far more effective, with linear number average molecular weight,
, versus conversion, X, plots, low Đ ∼ 1.2–1.4 and the ability to form block copolymers using N,N‐diethylacrylamide (DEAAM) as the second monomer. Poly(MPAM) (with
= 13.7–25.3 kg mol−1) thermoresponsive behavior in aqueous media revealed cloud point temperatures (CPT)s between 73 and 92 °C depending on solution concentration (ranging from 1 to 3 wt %). The
and the molecular weight distribution were the key factors determining the CPT and the sharpness of the response, respectively. Poly(MPAM)‐b‐poly(DEAAM) block copolymer (
= 22.3 kg mol−1, Đ = 1.41, molar composition FDEAAM = 0.38) revealed dual LCSTs with both segments revealing distinctive CPTs (at 75 and 37 °C for poly(MPAM) and poly(DEAAM) blocks, respectively) by both UV–Vis and dynamic light scattering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 59–67
On the stability of nanoparticles coated with polyelectrolytes in high salinity solutions
Authors: Nap Rikkert J. , Park Sung Hyun , Szleifer Igal 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTWe have developed and applied a molecular theory that enables the investigation of the interactions between polyelectrolyte coated nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solutions. Potential applications of polyelectrolyte‐coated NPs involve nanosensors for oil well characterization. To account for the high salinity environment encountered in an oil well or brine solution, we also considered in the theoretical description counterion condensation as well as ion–ion paring. We identified the design criteria to achieve dispersion stability of NPs coated with either polyacrylic acid (pAA), poly acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonate (pAMPS), or an alternating copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonate (pAA‐a‐AMPS) under brine‐like conditions and quantified the effects of NP core size, molecular weight, density of the polyelectrolyte coating, and polymer chemistry. The results were summarized in stability diagrams, which predict the polymer surface coverage and molecular weight that is required for the NP solution to remain dispersed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1689–1699
Cage Compounds as Potential Energetic Oxidizers: A Theoretical Study of a Cage Isomer of N2O3
Authors: Buszek Robert J. , Boatz Jerry A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAb initio electronic structure calculations are employed to investigate the cage isomer of N2O3 (c‐N2O3) as a viable energetic oxidizer. c‐N2O3 is vibrationally stable with a large heat of formation of 7.95 kJ g−1 and can produce larger enthalpies of combustion than other commonly used oxidizers such as ammonium perchlorate, O2(l) and N2O4. c‐N2O3 is shown to have a unimolecular decomposition barrier of 24.4 kJ mol−1 at the CCSD(T)/CBS(Q‐5) level of theory, and a dimer‐induced decomposition barrier of 100.8 kJ mol−1. Although c‐N2O3 is predicted to perform well as an oxidizer, the low barrier to unimolecular decomposition is likely to render it impractical as an energetic oxidizer.
Cholesterol‐conjugated peptide antivirals: a path to a rapid response to emerging viral diseases
Authors: Pessi Antonello 
Published: October 2014

While it is now possible to identify and genetically fingerprint the causative agents of emerging viral diseases, often with extraordinary speed, suitable therapies cannot be developed with equivalent speed, because drug discovery requires information that goes beyond knowledge of the viral genome. Peptides, however, may represent a special opportunity.For all enveloped viruses, fusion between the viral and the target cell membrane is an obligatory step of the life cycle. Class I fusion proteins harbor regions with a repeating pattern of amino acids, the heptad repeats (HRs), that play a key role in fusion, and HR‐derived peptides such as enfuvirtide, in clinical use for HIV, can block the process. Because of their characteristic sequence pattern, HRs are easily identified in the genome by means of computer programs, providing the sequence of candidate peptide inhibitors directly from genomic information.Moreover, a simple chemical modification, the attachment of a cholesterol group, can dramatically increase the antiviral potency of HR‐derived inhibitors and simultaneously improve their pharmacokinetics. Further enhancement can be provided by dimerization of the cholesterol‐conjugated peptide. The examples reported so far include inhibitors of retroviruses, paramyxoviruses, orthomyxoviruses, henipaviruses, coronaviruses, and filoviruses. For some of these viruses, in vivo efficacy has been demonstrated in suitable animal models.The combination of bioinformatic lead identification and potency/pharmacokinetics improvement provided by cholesterol conjugation may form the basis for a rapid response strategy, where development of an emergency cholesterol‐conjugated therapeutic would immediately follow the availability of the genetic information of a new enveloped virus. Copyright © 2014 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Law of large numbers for the SIR epidemic on a random graph with given degrees
Authors: Janson Svante , Luczak Malwina , Windridge Peter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe study the susceptible‐infective‐recovered (SIR) epidemic on a random graph chosen uniformly subject to having given vertex degrees. In this model infective vertices infect each of their susceptible neighbours, and recover, at a constant rate. Suppose that initially there are only a few infective vertices. We prove there is a threshold for a parameter involving the rates and vertex degrees below which only a small number of infections occur. Above the threshold a large outbreak occurs with probability bounded away from zero. Our main result is that, conditional on a large outbreak, the evolutions of certain quantities of interest, such as the fraction of infective vertices, converge to deterministic functions of time. We also consider more general initial conditions for the epidemic, and derive criteria for a simple vaccination strategy to be successful. In contrast to earlier results for this model, our approach only requires basic regularity conditions and a uniformly bounded second moment of the degree of a random vertex. En route, we prove analogous results for the epidemic on the configuration model multigraph under much weaker conditions. Essentially, our main result requires only that the initial values for our processes converge, i.e. it is the best possible. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 45, 726–763, 2014
Picturing the Wheatbelt: Exploring and Expressing Place Identity Through Photography
Authors: Sonn Christopher C. , Quayle Amy F. , Kasat Pilar 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCommunity arts and cultural development is a process that builds on and responds to the aspirations and needs of communities through creative means. It is participatory and inclusive, and uses multiple modes of representation to produce local knowledge. ‘Voices’ used photography and photo elicitation as the medium for exploring and expressing sense of place among Aboriginal and non‐Indigenous children, young people and adults in four rural towns. An analysis of data generated by the project shows the diverse images that people chose to capture and the different meanings they afforded to their pictures. These meanings reflected individual and collective constructions of place, based on positive experiences and emotions tied to the natural environment and features of the built environment. We discuss community arts and cultural development practice with reference to creative visual methodologies and suggest that it is an approach that can contribute to community psychology’s empowerment agenda.