bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation and significance of self-help groups for social development: exploring the community capacity in Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Elias , Zenebe Mulumebet , Metaferia Henok , Biadgilign Sibhatu 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
There are various Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in Ethiopia among which the ‘Idir’ is a social and financial institution widespread both in urban and rural areas of the country. So the objectives of this study is to investigate how women members perceive the contribution of iddirs toward improving their lives and to determine whether and to what extent participation in iddirs has social impacts on their lives.

Methods
A cross-sectional qualitative study using Key Informant In-Depth Interviews (KII) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) was conducted in Addis Ababa, Addis Ketema Sub-city. Ethiopia. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview questionnaire and FGD guideline. Analysis of the data was made manually using thematic framework analysis method.

Result
Though their iddir doesn’t provide financial assistance, all the participants revealed the importance of installing credit mechanisms in their iddirs. However, they mentioned the inability of their respective iddirs in assisting members with their financial needs. One major difficulty mentioned was lack of capital. The participants demonstrated that the contribution of iddir in their well-being was more indispensable than the contributions of other voluntary associations they are acquainted with, such as iqub and mahiber. Especially iddir was regarded as crucial and unique in meeting emotional needs. As well, iddirs’ meetings are ideal places where women share experience; discuss issues of pressing concern and their worries. Other benefit of iddir include opportunities for social interaction, risk sharing and development of friendships, dispute resolution, Sharing and using timely information more effectively, Lower level of funeral services anxiety, Improvement of self confidence and leadership role, reciprocity and coexistence and trust.

Conclusion
Women’s iddirs are the viable basis in the creation of social network which plays crucial roles in providing solutions to social and economic challenges women are facing. There was a general consensus by the participants that their iddirs were unable to offer financial assistances. Enabling women’s iddirs to be independent of borrowing from banks is also indispensable and trainings on effective use of credits and the positive role of social capital formed in women’s iddirs is relevant.
Identification of miR-26 as a key mediator of estrogen stimulated cell proliferation by targeting CHD1, GREB1 and KPNA2
Authors: Tan Sheng , Ding Keshuo , Li Rui , Zhang Weijie , Li Gaopeng , Kong Xiangjun , Qian Pengxu , Lobie Peter E , Zhu Tao 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Estrogen signaling is pivotal in the progression of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer primarily by the regulation of cell survival and proliferation. Micro (mi)RNAs have been demonstrated to be regulated by estrogen to mediate estrogenic effects. Herein, we determined the role of estrogen regulated miR-26 and its underlying molecular mechanisms associated with estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast cancer proliferation.

Methods
The expression of miR-26a and miR-26b was evaluated by real-time quantitative (RT)-PCR. The expression of miR-26a or miR-26b was modulated in ER+ breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and T47D) and tumor cell growth in vitro and an in vivo xenograft model was determined. Bioinformatics analyses were utilized to screen for estrogen responsive genes, which were also predicted to be targeted by miR-26. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm miR-26 regulation of the 3' UTR of target genes. The levels of miR-26 target genes (CHD1, GREB1 and KPNA2) were evaluated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Results
Estrogen reduced the expression of miR-26a and miR-26b in ER+ breast cancer cells. Forced expression of miR-26a or miR-26b significantly inhibited the estrogen stimulated growth of ER+ breast cancer cells and tumor growth in xenograft models, whereas miR-26a/b depletion increased the growth of ER+ breast cancer cells in the absence of estrogen treatment. Screening of estrogen responsive genes, which were also predicted to be targeted by miR-26, identified GREB1 and nine other genes (AGPAT5, AMMECR1, CHD1, ERLIN1, HSPA8, KPNA2, MREG, NARG1, and PLOD2). Further verification has identified nine genes (AGPAT5, CHD1, ERLIN1, GREB1, HSPA8, KPNA2, MREG, NARG1 and PLOD2) which were directly targeted by miR-26 via their 3′ UTR. Functional screening suggested only three estrogen regulated miR-26 target genes (CHD1, GREB1 and KPNA2) were involved in the regulation of estrogen promoted cell proliferation. Depletion of either CHD1, GREB1 or KPNA2 significantly abrogated the enhanced growth of ER+ breast cancer cells due to miR-26 depletion. We further demonstrated that estrogen stimulated c-MYC expression was both sufficient and necessary for the diminished expression of miR-26a and miR-26b.

Conclusions
We have identified a novel estrogen/MYC/miR-26 axis that mediates estrogen stimulated cell growth via CHD1, GREB1 and KPNA2.
Screening, Assessment, and Care of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Adults With Cancer: An American Society of Clinical Oncology Guideline Adaptation
Authors: Andersen Barbara L. , DeRubeis Robert J. , Berman Barry S. , Gruman Jessie , Champion Victoria L. , Massie Mary Jane , Holland Jimmie C. , Partridge Ann H. , Bak Kate , Somerfield Mark R. , Rowland Julia H. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose A Pan-Canadian Practice Guideline on Screening, Assessment, and Care of Psychosocial Distress (Depression, Anxiety) in Adults With Cancer was identified for adaptation. Methods American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has a policy and set of procedures for adapting clinical practice guidelines developed by other organizations. The guideline was reviewed for developmental rigor and content applicability. Results On the basis of content review of the pan-Canadian guideline, the ASCO panel agreed that, in general, the recommendations were clear, thorough, based on the most relevant scientific evidence, and presented options that will be acceptable to patients. However, for some topics addressed in the pan-Canadian guideline, the ASCO panel formulated a set of adapted recommendations based on local context and practice beliefs of the ad hoc panel members. It is recommended that all patients with cancer be evaluated for symptoms of depression and anxiety at periodic times across the trajectory of care. Assessment should be performed using validated, published measures and procedures. Depending on levels of symptoms and supplementary information, differing treatment pathways are recommended. Failure to identify and treat anxiety and depression increases the risk for poor quality of life and potential disease-related morbidity and mortality. This guideline adaptation is part of a larger survivorship guideline series. Conclusion Although clinicians may not be able to prevent some of the chronic or late medical effects of cancer, they have a vital role in mitigating the negative emotional and behavioral sequelae. Recognizing and treating effectively those who manifest symptoms of anxiety or depression will reduce the human cost of cancer.
Comparative Effectiveness of Robot-Assisted and Open Radical Prostatectomy in the Postdissemination Era
Authors: Gandaglia Giorgio , Sammon Jesse D. , Chang Steven L. , Choueiri Toni K. , Hu Jim C. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Kibel Adam S. , Kim Simon P. , Konijeti Ramdev , Montorsi Francesco , Nguyen Paul L. , Sukumar Shyam , Menon Mani , Sun Maxine , Trinh Quoc-Dien 
Published: April 2014

Purpose Given the lack of randomized trials comparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and open radical prostatectomy (ORP), we sought to re-examine the outcomes of these techniques using a cohort of patients treated in the postdissemination era. Patients and Methods Overall, data from 5,915 patients with prostate cancer treated with RARP or ORP within the SEER-Medicare linked database diagnosed between October 2008 and December 2009 were abstracted. Postoperative complications, blood transfusions, prolonged length of stay (pLOS), readmission, additional cancer therapies, and costs of care within the first year after surgery were compared between the two surgical approaches. To decrease the effect of unmeasured confounders, instrumental variable analysis was performed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were then performed. Results Overall, 2,439 patients (41.2%) and 3,476 patients (58.8%) underwent ORP and RARP, respectively. In multivariable analyses, patients undergoing RARP had similar odds of overall complications, readmission, and additional cancer therapies compared with patients undergoing ORP. However, RARP was associated with a higher probability of experiencing 30- and 90-day genitourinary and miscellaneous medical complications (all P ≤ .02). Additionally, RARP led to a lower risk of experiencing blood transfusion and of having a pLOS (all P < .001). Finally, first-year reimbursements were greater for patients undergoing RARP compared with ORP (P < .001). Conclusion RARP and ORP have comparable rates of complications and additional cancer therapies, even in the postdissemination era. Although RARP was associated with lower risk of blood transfusions and a slightly shorter length of stay, these benefits do not translate to a decrease in expenditures.
Clinical Evaluation of a Multiple-Gene Sequencing Panel for Hereditary Cancer Risk Assessment
Authors: Kurian Allison W. , Hare Emily E. , Mills Meredith A. , Kingham Kerry E. , McPherson Lisa , Whittemore Alice S. , McGuire Valerie , Ladabaum Uri , Kobayashi Yuya , Lincoln Stephen E. , Cargill Michele , Ford James M. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose Multiple-gene sequencing is entering practice, but its clinical value is unknown. We evaluated the performance of a customized germline-DNA sequencing panel for cancer-risk assessment in a representative clinical sample. Methods Patients referred for clinical BRCA1/2 testing from 2002 to 2012 were invited to donate a research blood sample. Samples were frozen at −80° C, and DNA was extracted from them after 1 to 10 years. The entire coding region, exon-intron boundaries, and all known pathogenic variants in other regions were sequenced for 42 genes that had cancer risk associations. Potentially actionable results were disclosed to participants. Results In total, 198 women participated in the study: 174 had breast cancer and 57 carried germline BRCA1/2 mutations. BRCA1/2 analysis was fully concordant with prior testing. Sixteen pathogenic variants were identified in ATM, BLM, CDH1, CDKN2A, MUTYH, MLH1, NBN, PRSS1, and SLX4 among 141 women without BRCA1/2 mutations. Fourteen participants carried 15 pathogenic variants, warranting a possible change in care; they were invited for targeted screening recommendations, enabling early detection and removal of a tubular adenoma by colonoscopy. Participants carried an average of 2.1 variants of uncertain significance among 42 genes. Conclusion Among women testing negative for BRCA1/2 mutations, multiple-gene sequencing identified 16 potentially pathogenic mutations in other genes (11.4%; 95% CI, 7.0% to 17.7%), of which 15 (10.6%; 95% CI, 6.5% to 16.9%) prompted consideration of a change in care, enabling early detection of a precancerous colon polyp. Additional studies are required to quantify the penetrance of identified mutations and determine clinical utility. However, these results suggest that multiple-gene sequencing may benefit appropriately selected patients.
Association Between Vitamin D Status and Physical Function in the Severely Obese
Authors: Ahern T. , Khattak A. , O'Malley E. , Dunlevy C. , Kilbane M. , Woods C. , McKenna M. J. , O'Shea D. 
Published: April 2014

Context:
Mortality is 85% higher in severely obese subjects (body mass index [BMI] &gt; 40 kg/m2) than in subjects with a healthy BMI; poor physical function may be contributory. Hypovitaminosis D is common in obese subjects and is associated with physical dysfunction in the elderly.

Objective:
We determined the relationship between vitamin D status and physical function in severely obese subjects.

Design, Setting, and Patients:
We conducted a clinic-based, cross-sectional study of severely obese subjects. Participants were stratified into three groups according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) vitamin D status categorization.

Main Outcome Measures:
We compared levels of self-reported activity and times taken to walk 500 m and to ascend and descend a 17-cm step 50 times.

Results:
We recruited 252 subjects (age, 43.7 ± 11.2 y; BMI, 50.7 ± 9.7 kg/m2); 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were less than 30 nmol/L in 109 participants. Participants with a 25OHD &gt; 50 nmol/L, compared to those with a 25OHD &lt; 30 nmol/L, had the highest activity levels (3.1 ± 3.4 h/wk versus 1.5 ± 2.5 h/wk; P = .015) and the shortest 500-m walk times (6.2 ± 1.1 min versus 7.4 ± 1.5 min; P = .003). Serum 25OHD concentrations had a weakly positive association with activity level (r = 0.19; P = .008) and a moderately negative association with 500-m walk time (r = −0.343; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions:
Vitamin D status had a significant relationship with physical activity and physical function in this cohort of severely obese subjects. Low activity levels are likely to perpetuate the problem of hypovitaminosis D due to less time spent outdoors. Studies exploring the effects of vitamin D supplementation in this population are warranted.
Popliteal vein aneurysm: Is it necessary to apply anticoagulants after a surgery?
Authors: Geremek M. , Janik M. , Malek G. , Ostrowski K. , Trochimczuk M. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryAim: This study is intended to evaluate indications for antithrombotic therapy in patients with tangentially resected popliteal vein aneurysm.Methods: Evaluation of the course of therapy in a patient with popliteal vein aneurysm. Literature review covered literature data published within the last decade. Studies were identified by searching Medline and PubMed databases for the following phrases: ”popliteal venous aneurysm” and ”popliteal vein aneurysm”.Results: The case study and literature review revealed that thromboembolic risk cannot be entirely eliminated by means of tangential resection of popliteal vein aneurysm. Vein suture and residual postoperative dilatation of the popliteal vein can be considered predisposing factors to thromboembolic complications.Conclusion: Patients with tangentially resected popliteal vein aneurysm involving vein suture can be administered oral antithrombotic therapy within three months postoperatively. Therapy extension should be made conditional on the degree of vein dilation reduction. Where the diameter at surgical site is larger than 20 mm, it appears appropriate to continue antithrombotic therapy and to repeat assessment in six months time.
Neonatal death from rose disease in 1796
Authors: Hach-Wunderle V. , Hach W. 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungIn der vorhygienischen Zeit lief das Erysipel in den Kriegslazaretten und Krankensälen als Epidemie mit oftmals tödlichem Ausgang ab. Eine besondere, wenn auch seltene Form war die Rose der Neugeborenen. Auch hier gab es kleinere Epidemien in den Geburtshäusern des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts. Eine detaillierte Beschreibung eines Krankheitsverlaufes stammt von Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland aus dem Jahre 1796. Wahrscheinlich hatte sich das Baby bei seiner Mutter angesteckt. Die Eintrittspforten der Erreger befanden sich üblicherweise am Nabel und in der Genitalregion. Sie verursachten hier eine dramatische Lokalreaktion. Von vornherein verlief die Infektion als Sepsis. Damit erschien der tödliche Ausgang vorgegeben. Möglicherweise war Hufelands Krankheitsfall auch mit einem Tetanus (Kieferbackenzwang) kombiniert. Heute gibt es die Rose des Neugeborenen in unserem Kulturkreis nicht mehr.
Case Article—Seagate–Quantum: Encroachment Strategies
Authors: Schmidt Glen M. , Van Mieghem Jan A. 
Published: April 2014

Few terms in the recent literature on innovation management have been as widely used as the phrase disruptive technology. Yet this term is widely misunderstood. As Christensen and Raynor (2003, p. 143) note, “Many readers have equated in their minds the terms disruptive and breakthrough. It is extremely important, for purposes of prediction and understanding, not to confuse the terms.” This case shows how to recognize a potentially disruptive technology: it diffuses via a process of low-end encroachment. The new technology initially imposes little apparent threat because it sells to low-end or new customers, but it eventually encroaches on the current market from the low end upward. The case compares and contrasts low-end encroachment (using the example of a new, smaller disk drive involving the firms Seagate and Quantum) to the case of high-end encroachment, where a new product such as a Pentium IV initially sells to high-end customers. In an oversimplified but concrete way, the case shows how marketing concepts such as conjoint analysis and reservation price tie into the concept of a demand curve, and how operations improvements (via the learning curve, or via product and process design) can lead to market share changes and product diffusion. These all have implications on firm strategy. Thus the case integrates material from multiple disciplines and might be used in MBA, MS, executive, or undergraduate courses that cover topics such as technology management, operations strategy, new product development, marketing strategy, or competitive strategy.
Sex, Gender, and War in an Age of Multicultural Imperialism
Authors: Spade Dean , Willse Craig 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This essay examines the case of Chelsea Manning in the larger context of both U.S. imperial war and the ways in which gender and sexuality are deployed in service of colonialism, racism, and militarism. Situating the Manning case alongside two contemporaneous events, the attempted prosecution of Julian Assange on rape charges and Hillary Clinton’s much-lauded “gay rights are human rights” speech, we argue that Manning’s trans identity has challenged both right and left commentators to absorb her into projects of pinkwashing and homonationalism. We conclude with a consideration about what anti-war, anti-imperial, anti-carceral LGBT politics and organizing around this case might look like.
Saving Private Manning? On Erasure and the Queer in the I Am Bradley Manning Campaign
Authors: Wight Jules 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article seeks to understand erasures, instability, and queerness in the I am Bradley Manning campaign. As social media increasingly provides digital places for people to create, convene, and participate in social movements and protest, there is a corresponding need to understand how these movements work, what they mean for individuals as an exercise of citizenship, and what they mean as movements in communities, cultures, and states. This article explores the I am Bradley Manning campaign on Tumblr as an important object of study in understanding new forms of public protest and social movements. Many of these movements are not disruptive in the same sense of traditional forms of protest as we have understood them: protests in physical spaces and places that disrupt everyday life and living. Instead, these are protests that take place in virtual digital places, which at times provide little physical or material disruption of the everyday. This article is an attempt to begin understanding new ways we might frame or understand disruption and protest in light of digital movements.
Teacher Stories of Blame When Assigning a Failing Grade
Authors: Poorman Susan G. , Mastorovich Melissa L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNurse educators are required to routinely evaluate students. While there is a plethora of information in the educational literature about how to write exams, develop rubrics, or evaluate clinical performance, there is a paucity of research related to teachers’ experiences of evaluation. Using a Heideggerian hermeneutical approach, this study sought to answer: (1) what are the experiences of nurse educators evaluating nursing students? and (2) what do these evaluative experiences mean to the nurse educator? Thirty nurse educators from 19 undergraduate programs were interviewed for this study. Implications for nurse educators are discussed.
Testing for the Unconfoundedness Assumption Using an Instrumental Assumption
Authors: de Luna Xavier , Johansson Per 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe identification of average causal effects of a treatment in observational studies is typically based either on the unconfoundedness assumption (exogeneity of the treatment) or on the availability of an instrument. When available, instruments may also be used to test for the unconfoundedness assumption. In this paper, we present a set of assumptions on an instrumental variable which allows us to test for the unconfoundedness assumption, although they do not necessarily yield nonparametric identification of an average causal effect. We propose a test for the unconfoundedness assumption based on the instrumental assumptions introduced and give conditions under which the test has power. We perform a simulation study and apply the results to a case study where the interest lies in evaluating the effect of job practice on employment.
Rape Prevention Through Empowerment of Adolescent Girls
Authors: Sarnquist Clea , Omondi Benjamin , Sinclair Jake , Gitau Carolinah , Paiva Lee , Mulinge Munyae , Cornfield David N. , Maldonado Yvonne 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Sexual assault is a major cause of injury, unplanned pregnancy, HIV infection, and mental health problems worldwide. In parts of sub-Saharan Africa, sexual assault has reached epidemic proportions. This study evaluated the efficacy of an empowerment and self-defense intervention for adolescent girls to decrease the incidence of sexual assault and harassment in Nairobi’s large informal settlements.

METHODS:
A prospective cohort of 1978 adolescents from 4 neighborhoods near Nairobi were taught empowerment, deescalation, and self-defense skills in six 2-hour sessions. The standard-of-care (SOC) group (n = 428) received a life skills class. Self-reported, anonymous survey data were collected at baseline and 10.5 months after intervention.

RESULTS:
Annual sexual assault rates decreased from 17.9/100 person-years at baseline to 11.1 at follow-up (rate ratio = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–1.86; P &lt; .001); there was no significant change in the SOC group (14.3 to 14.0, rate ratio = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.67–1.57, P = .92). Sexual assault disclosure in the intervention group increased from 56% to 75% (P = .006), compared with a constant incidence of disclosure (53%) in the SOC group. The majority (52.3%) of adolescents in the intervention group reported using skills learned to stop an assault.

CONCLUSIONS:
This intervention decreased sexual assault rates among adolescent girls in Kenya. The intervention was also associated with an increase in the disclosure of assaults, thereby enabling survivors to seek care and support and possibly leading to the identification and prosecution of perpetrators. This model should be adaptable to other settings both in Africa and globally.
Synthesis of nickel sulfides of different phases for counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells by a solvothermal method with different solvents
Authors: Yang Xiao , Zhou Lei , Feng Ali , Tang Huaibao , Zhang Haijun , Ding Zongling , Ma Yongqing , Wu Mingzai , Jin Shaowei , Li Guang 
Published: April 2014

Abstract