bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFICIÊNCIA E PRINCÍPIO DE FUNCIONAMENTO DE BARREIRA FÍSICA CÔNICA CONTRA AS QUENQUÉNS
Authors: Almeida Josie Tatiane Santos de , Medici Leonardo Oliveira , Aguiar-Menezes Elen de Lima 
Published: August 2014

As formigas cortadeiras são importantes pragas agrícolas e florestais e podem ser controladas por diferentes métodos, entre os quais as barreiras físicas que impedem o acesso dessas formigas à planta. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência e o princípio de funcionamento de cones de lâmina de acetato em dois tamanhos de geratriz como barreiras físicas contra essas pragas. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em quintal residencial em Petrópolis, RJ. Um dos experimento, usando pedaço de casca de laranja como isca atrativa para essas formigas, consistiu de três tratamentos: isca protegida com cone de 5,4 ou 10,8 cm de geratriz e isca sem cone (controle) (dez repetições/tratamento). No outro experimento, esses cones foram colocados em uma raiz de Araceae para conter intenso fluxo de formigas. Identificaram-se duas espécies de quenquéns: Acromyrmex niger (F. Smith) e Acromyrmex disciger (Mayr). Duas iscas foram cortadas pelas quenquéns quando protegidas pelo cone pequeno, nenhuma pelo cone grande e todas as iscas foram cortadas no controle. O fluxo das quenquéns na raiz foi contido pelo cone pequeno por apenas 10 minutos, enquanto que o cone grande o conteve durante as 3 horas de observação. A tendência das quenquéns em explorar preferencialmente a borda do cone pode explicar o seu funcionamento.Palavras-chave: Formicidae; Myrmicinae; Attini; barreira antiformiga; controle mecânico. AbstractThe efficiency and working principle of conical physical barrier against the leaf-cutting ants. The leaf-cutting ants are important agricultural and forest pests and may be controlled by different methods. Among them, the physical barriers that prevent the access of these ants to the plants. The present work aimed to evaluate the efficiency and the working principle of cones of acetate foil at two generatrix sizes as physical barriers against these pests. We conducted two experiments in home garden in the municipality of Petropolis, RJ. An experiment used slice of orange peel as attractant bait for leaf-cutting ants and three treatments: bait protected with cone of 5.4 or 10.8 cm of generatrix, and bait without cone (control) (ten replicates/treatment). In another experiment, we placed these cones on a root of Araceae in order to control the intense flow of ants. It was identified two species of leaf-cutting ants: Acromyrmex niger (F. Smith) and Acromyrmex disciger (Mayr). The leaf-cutting cut two baits protected by the small cone, none of the baits protected by the big cone, and cut all the baits in control. The flow of the leaf-cutting ants on the root was controlled by the small cone during only 10 minutes, while the big cone controlled the flow during the 3 hours of observation. The tendency of the leaf-cutting ants to explore preferentially the edge of the cone may explain its operation.Keywords: Formicidae; Myrmicinae; Attini; anti-ant barrier; mechanical control.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO CONSUMO DE FOLHAS DE Eucalyptus grandis POR FORMIGUEIROS DE Atta sexdens rubropilosa
Authors: Ukan Daniele , Sousa Nilton José , Belinovski Claudiane 
Published: August 2014

Pelo fato de cortarem material vegetal e o transportarem para o interior de suas colônias, as saúvas tornam-se importantes agentes de acumulação de matéria orgânica no solo, por meio de suas câmaras de descarte (lixo). Esse material acumulado é oriundo do processamento do fungo simbionte e se torna uma fonte de nutrientes. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a conversão de folhas de Eucalyptus grandis em resíduos, por colônias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa monitoradas em laboratório. Foram selecionadas 8 colônias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa, sendo 4 coletadas em 2007 (denominados adultos) e 4 coletadas em 2010 (denominadas jovens). Durante 72 dias, elas foram supridas com folhas de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis. A média do fator de conversão entre os formigueiros adultos e jovens monitorados em laboratório foi de 1,49. Observou-se que 63,65% do material fornecido aos formigueiros converteram-se em resíduos.Palavras-chave: Resíduos; formigas-cortadeiras; taxa de conversão. AbstractDetermination of consumption of Eucalyptus grandis by nests of Atta sexdens rubropilosa. Because ants cut and carry plant material inside their colonies, they become important agents for the accumulation of organic matter in the soil through their disposal chambers. This accumulated material comes from symbiotic fungus processing and can become a source of nutrients. In the context, the objective of this study was to determine the conversion of leaves of Eucalyptus grandis into waste by colonies of Atta sexdens rubropilosa monitored in laboratory. We selected eight colonies of Atta sexdens rubropilosa, 4 collected in 2007 (called adults), and 4 in 2010 (referred to as young). During 72 days, they were supplied with leaves of Eucalyptus grandis. The average conversion factor between the young and adult colonies monitored in the laboratory was 1.49. We observed that 63.65% of the material supplied to the colonies converted to waste.Keywords: Waste; leaf-cutting ants; conversion rate.
DESEMPENHO DE MÉTODOS E PROCESSOS DE AMOSTRAGEM PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE DIVERSIDADE EM FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA
Authors: Corte Ana Paula Dalla , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Figueiredo Filho Afonso , Pereira Thaiza Karine , Behling Alexandre 
Published: August 2014

Este trabalho objetivou testar tamanhos, processos de distribuição e intensidades de amostragem, com a finalidade de indicar os melhores tratamentos para aplicação em levantamentos que visam expressar a diversidade florestal. Foram utilizados dados da FLONA de Irati, Paraná, e ao todo foram analisados 28 tratamentos. Os resultados foram analisados considerando o número de espécies, o número de indivíduos amostrados e os índices de Margalef, Shannon e de Simpson. A curva do coletor (ou curva espécies-área) foi construída sob três abordagens: ordem numérica sequencial qualquer das parcelas; ordem crescente do número de espécies em cada parcela; e ordem da parcela com maior número de espécies para a de menor número amostradas. O processo aleatório representou melhor o número de espécies em áreas amostradas menores, ao passo que o sistemático em áreas amostradas maiores. Os índices de Simpson e de Shannon não tiveram sensibilidade para representar as variações encontradas em relação ao censo. O índice de Margalef apresentou sensibilidade melhor para expressar a diversidade de espécies presentes na área. A curva do coletor mostrou-se facilmente manipulável para representar uma situação favorável ou desfavorável para a análise da suficiência amostral.Palavras-chave: Curva do coletor; Simpson; Shannon; Margalef. AbstractPerformance of methods and sampling procedures in order to evaluate forest diversity in Araucaria forest. This research aimed at testing different plot and sample sizes, as well the sampling design to evaluate diversity indexes in a natural forest. The study was carried out in the Irati National Forest, Paraná. A combination of sampling schemes resulted in 28 treatments, which were evaluated considering the number of species, the number of sampled individuals and calculation of the Margalef, Shannon and Simpson indexes. The species accumulation curve was carried out based on three approaches: random sequential numerical order, ascending order of species number in each plot, and order of the parcel with the highest number of species for the smaller number of species. The random sample design represented at best the number of species in smaller areas (richness), and the systematic sample design represented better the biggest sampled areas. The Simpson index and Shannon index were not sensitive to represent the variations found in relation to the census. The Margalef index had better sensitivity to express species diversity of the forested area. The species accumulation curve proved its feasibility to represent a favorable and sufficient sampling size.Keywords: Collector curve; Simpson; Shannon; Margalef.
Kyste hydatique du rein : Étude monocentrique de 15 cas
Authors: El Harrech Youness , Abakka Najib , El Anzaoui Jihad , Ghoundale Omar , Touiti Driss 
Published: August 2014

Objectif : étudier le profil épidémiologique, l’aspect clinique, radiologique, et thérapeutique de kyste hydatique de rein (KHR). Matériels et méthodes : 15 cas de KHR colligés sur entre 2004 et 2010 ont été revus. Les données cliniques, radiologiques (AUSP, échographie, Tomodensitométrie), biologique (éosinophilie et sérologie hydatique) ont été analysées ainsi que les traitements instaurés, l’évolution et les complications. Résultats l’âge moyen de découverte des KHR a été de 56,13 ans, avec une prédominance masculine (12 hommes, 3 femmes). La symptomatologie clinique a été dominée par les lombalgies (60% des cas). La sérologie hydatique a été demandée chez 6 patients et a été positive chez 3. L’Abstention thérapeutique a été l’attitude adoptée chez 2 malades ayant un kyste hydatique type 5. Aucun patient n’a eu un traitement médical seul. 13 patients (86,66%) ont été traités chirurgicalement. Onze ont eu une résection du dôme saillant. 1 patient a eu une néphrectomie partielle et 1 une néphrectomie totale a été réalisée chez un patient chez qui le rein était totalement détruit. Aucune Complication per ou post opératoire n’a été notée notamment pas de fistule urinaire ou d’infection de la cavité résiduelle. Aucune récidive n’a été constatée sur un recul moyen de 2ans. Conclusion : le kyste hydatique du rein est une pathologie rare avec une sémiologie non spécifique. Si la chirurgie occupe une place primordiale dans le traitement de ces kystes, de nouvelles perspectives mini invasives surtout percutanée et laparoscopique sont à développer.
Effects of super typhoons on cyclonic ocean eddies in the western North Pacific: A satellite data‐based evaluation between 2000 and 2008
Authors: Sun Liang , Li Ying‐Xin , Yang Yuan‐Jian , Wu Qiaoyan , Chen Xue‐Tao , Li Qiu‐Yang , Li Yu‐Bin , Xian Tao 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA composite time series of the merged satellite altimeters sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) data and satellite‐observed sea surface temperature (SST) data were used to identify eddies in the Western North Pacific Ocean (WNPO), where there were numbers of intense typhoons. This study systematically investigated 15 super typhoons during the period of 2000‐2008 in the WNPO to study their impacts on the pre‐typhoon ocean features, e.g., the cyclonic ocean eddy (COE) feature (closed contours of SSHA < −6 cm) and neutral condition (SSHA between −6 and 6 cm). Two new COEs are generated by two super typhoons, and 18 pre‐existing COEs are intensified by 13 super typhoons. 5 of the 13 super typhoons each influenced two pre‐exisiting COEs. Although the typhoon‐induced maximum cooling centers had a right bias along the tracks due to wind conditions, pre‐existing COEs also play a significant role in determining the strength and location of large SST cooling. Three possible factors (maximum wind speed, typhoon translation speed and the typhoon forcing time, Tf) are employed to explain the interactions. Above all, the changes of the COE geometric and physical parameters (e.g., effective radius, area, SST, SSHA, and eddy kinetic energy) were mostly related to the typhoon forcing time, Tf. This is because Tf is a parameter that is a combination of the typhoon's translation speed, intensity and size. Although the typhoons may significantly impact COEs, such samples were not commonly observed. Thus, the impact of typhoon on the strength of COEs is generally inefficient.
Central Andean mantle and crustal seismicity beneath the Southern Puna plateau and the northern margin of the Chilean‐Pampean flat slab
Authors: Mulcahy Patrick , Chen Chen , Kay Suzanne M. , Brown Larry D. , Isacks Bryan L. , Sandvol Eric , Heit Benjamin , Yuan Xiaohui , Coira Beatriz L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEarthquake hypocenters recorded in the Andean Southern Puna seismic array (25–28°S, 70–65°W) provide new constraints on the shape of the subducting Nazca plate beneath the Puna plateau, the transition into the Chilean‐Pampean flat slab and the thermal state of the mantle and crust. Some 270 new mantle hypocenters suggest that the subducting slab under the Puna shoals into the flat‐slab segment more abruptly and farther to the north than previously indicated. The revised geometry is consistent with the Central Volcanic Zone Incapillo caldera being the southernmost center with Pleistocene activity until reaching the southern side of the flat‐slab region. Evidence for the revised slab geometry includes three well‐defined hypocenter clusters in the Pipanaco nest (27.5–29°S, 68–66°W), which are interpreted to reflect slab‐bending stresses. A few low‐magnitude earthquakes with strongly attenuatedSwaves in the long‐recognized Antofalla teleseismic gap (25.5–27.5°S) support a continuous slab under the Southern Puna. The paucity of gap earthquakes and the presence of mafic magmas are consistent with a hot mantle wedge reflecting recent lithospheric delamination. Evidence for a hot overlaying Puna crust comes from new crustal earthquake hypocenters concentrated at depths shallower than 5 km. Two notable short‐duration swarms were recorded under the resurgent dome of the ~2 Ma back‐arc Cerro Galán caldera and the near‐arc Cerro Torta dome. New crustal earthquake focal mechanisms from 17 events in the array along with two existing mechanisms have strike slip, oblique reverse, and oblique normal solutions fitting with regional E‐W compression and N‐S extension.
Modeling cross L shell impacts of magnetopause shadowing and ULF wave radial diffusion in the Van Allen belts
Authors: Ozeke Louis G. , Mann Ian R. , Turner Drew L. , Murphy Kyle R. , Degeling Alex W. , Rae I. Jonathan , Milling David K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe present simulations of the outer electron radiation belt using a new ULF wave‐driven radial diffusion model, including empirical representations of loss due to chorus and plasmaspheric hiss. With an outer boundary condition constrained by in situ electron flux observations, we focus on the impacts of magnetopause shadowing and outward radial diffusion in the heart of the radiation belt. Third invariant conserving solutions are combined to simulate the L shell and time dependence of the differential flux at a fixed energy. Results for the geomagnetically quiet year of 2008 demonstrate not only remarkable cross L shell impacts from magnetopause shadowing but also excellent agreement with the in situ observations even though no internal acceleration source is included in the model. Our model demonstrates powerful utility for capturing the cross‐L impacts of magnetopause shadowing with significant prospects for improved space weather forecasting. The potential role of the plasmasphere in creating a third belt is also discussed.
External versus internal triggering of substorms: An information‐theoretical approach
Authors: Johnson Jay R. , Wing Simon 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe role of external triggering of substorms through northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field has been examined in a number of recent studies. While Hsu and McPherron (2002, 2004) argue that the strong association between external triggers defined by Lyons et al. (1997) and substorm onsets could be responsible for most substorms, Morley and Freeman (2007) argue that the association between northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) turnings and substorm onsets are coincidental rather than causal, because the same external triggers are also closely associated with an artificial list of substorm onsets generated with the Minimal Substorm Model, which has no requirement of northward IMF turning. We examine an expanded list of substorms using conditional redundancy, an entropy‐based measure of conditional dependency, to examine whether northward IMF turning as an external trigger provides any additional information about substorm onset beyond knowing that there has been a period of sustained loading of energy flux (southward IMF). Our analysis reveals that only a few percent additional information is provided by the northward turning criterion, which is consistent with the statistics of surrogate data sets of external triggers constructed to coincide with 2% of substorms. We therefore conclude that northward turning of the IMF is, in general, coincidentally, rather than causally, associated with substorm onsets.
Detection of a hidden Boso slow slip event immediately after the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake, Japan
Authors: Kato Aitaro , Igarashi Toshihiro , Obara Kazushige 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUtilizing a cross‐correlation detector technique, we discovered an increase in swarm‐like seismicity within the source area of the Boso slow slip events (SSEs) immediately after the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. The epicentral distribution of the detected seismicity was similar to that of previously recognized Boso SSEs. In addition, small repeating earthquakes were identified within this seismic swarm sequence. These seismic observations indicate that a hidden SSE occurred along the top surface of the subducting Philippine Sea plate immediately after the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. We propose that external stress transfer by the coseismic slip of the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake and the following afterslip could have led to the occurrence of the newly detected Boso SSE. In contrast to previous work, we demonstrate that the recurrence interval of the Boso SSEs has not shortened over time but has shown a more complex evolution as a result of external stress perturbations imposed by the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake.
Detecting the anthropogenic influences on recent changes in ocean carbon uptake
Authors: Séférian Roland , Ribes Aurélien , Bopp Laurent 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAnthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have modified the rate at which oceans have absorbed atmospheric CO2 over the last centuries through rising atmospheric CO2 and modifications in climate. However, there are still missing pieces in our understanding of the recent evolution of air‐sea CO2 exchanges related to the magnitude of their response to anthropogenic forcings versus that controlled by the internal variability. Here, to detect and attribute anthropogenic influences on oceanic CO2 uptake between 1960 and 2005, we compare an ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate model simulations forced by individual drivers to ocean‐only model reconstructions. We demonstrate that the evolution of the global oceanic carbon sink over the last decades can be understood without invoking climate change, attributing rising atmospheric CO2 as prominent driver of the oceanic sink. Nonetheless, at regional scale, the influence of climate change on air‐sea CO2 exchanges seems to emerge from the internal variability within the low‐latitude oceans.
Characteristics of electron holes generated in the separatrix region during antiparallel magnetic reconnection
Authors: Huang Can , Lu Quanming , Wang Peiran , Wu Mingyu , Wang Shui 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper, two‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulations are performed to investigate the characteristics of these electron holes generated in the separatrix region of antiparallel magnetic reconnection. The electron holes with bipolar structures of the parallel electric field are formed in the border between the electron inflow channel (where electrons move toward the X line) and outflow channel (where electrons flow away from the X line), where the electrons satisfy the bump‐on‐tail distribution. Quasi‐monochromatic electrostatic waves, which propagate with a speed near the bulk velocity of the fast electron beam, are first excited by the electron bump‐on‐tail instability. These waves then coalesce with each other, and at last electron holes are formed in the separatrix region which then propagate away from the X line along the magnetic field lines.
Particle acceleration at a pair of parallel shocks near the Sun
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Li Gang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA “twin‐coronal mass ejection (CME)” scenario has been proposed recently to account for extreme solar energetic particle (SEP) events. In this scenario, two CMEs erupt from the same or nearby active regions within a short period of time. They both drive shocks, and the presence of the first CME‐driven shock leads to a more efficient particle acceleration process at the second shock. All Ground Level Enhancement events in solar cycle 23 and many large SEP events support the twin‐CME scenario. In a subset of these events, the two CMEs are separated by only a few minutes and particle acceleration is further enhanced due to particles reflecting between the two shocks. Here we examine particle acceleration at a parallel shock pair using a test particle approach. We follow single‐particle trajectories using two methods: close to the shock we follow particle's motion by solving the Lorentz equation directly; beyond certain distances, we ignore the gyration degree of freedom of a particle and approximate its motion by its guiding center motion and pitch angle scattering. We do not consider wave generation due to the streaming protons at both shocks. Instead, we assume the background turbulence upstream of the first shock is given and follow its transmission to the downstream of the second shock. Our results show that the intensity of accelerated particles in the shock pair case is significantly enhanced over a single shock case, and the maximum energy obtained in a shock pair system can be a few to 10 times that of a single shock case.
GPS observation of continent‐size traveling TEC pulsations at the start of geomagnetic storms
Authors: Pradipta R. , Valladares C. E. , Doherty P. H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report our experimental observation of continent‐size traveling plasma disturbances using GPS measurements of total electron content (TEC) over the North American sector. These plasma disturbances occurred at the beginning of geomagnetic storms, immediately after the shock arrived, and prior to the appearance of large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) from the auroral region. Specifically, these supersize TEC perturbations were observed when the interplanetary magnetic field Bz was oscillating between northward and southward directions. They were found to propagate zonally with a propagation speed of 2–3 km/s. We interpret these TEC pulsations as ion drift waves in the magnetosphere/plasmasphere that propagate azimuthally inside the GPS orbit.