bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trend in Prescription Medication Utilization for Opioid Use Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder From 2015 to 2021: A Population-wide Study in a Canadian Province
Authors: Abbott Kearley , Hyrsak Rachel , Bolton James M. , Sareen Jitender , Enns Murray W. , Konrad Geoffrey , Knight Erin , Eltonsy Sherif , Kowalec Kaarina , Falk Jamison , Alessi-Severini Silvia , Liu Kun , Prior Heather , Leong Christine 
Published: July 2024

Objective
To examine the quarterly incidence and prevalence of medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) from 2015 to 2021.

Methods
A retrospective population-wide observational study in Manitoba, Canada, was conducted using administrative claims data from the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy to examine the incidence and prevalence of OUD (methadone, buprenorphine-naloxone, buprenorphine) or AUD medications (naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram) per 10,000 individuals in each quarter between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021.

Results
There were 1179 and 451 individuals who received at least one prescription for OUD and AUD, respectively, in the first quarter of 2020. The prevalence of OUD medications more than doubled from 6.3 to 14.3 per 10,000 from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021. Likewise, AUD medication prevalence increased almost 10-fold from 0.68 to 6.5 per 10,000 from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021, primarily due to naltrexone. The incidence of AUD prescription use increased 8.6-fold from 0.29 to 2.51 per 10,000 during the study period. In contrast, the incidence of opioid agonist therapy declined from 2.1 per 10,000 in the first quarter of 2015 to 0.53 per 10,000 the first quarter of 2016, primarily due to methadone. Whereas methadone incidence declined, buprenorphine-naloxone incidence increased almost 15-fold during the study period.

Conclusion
An increase in both AUD medication prevalence and incidence in addition to an increase in buprenorphine-naloxone incidence was observed. These findings reflect an increase in the uptake of medications for treating AUD and OUD following changes to improve coverage and access to these medications.
Surgical Outcomes and Sociodemographic Disparities Across All Races: An ACS-NSQIP and NHIS Multi-Institutional Analysis of Over 7.5 Million Patients
Authors: Matar Dany Y. , Knoedler Samuel , Matar Anthony Y. , Friedrich Sarah , Kiwanuka Harriet , Hamaguchi Ryoko , Hamwi Carla M. , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Haug Valentin , Kneser Ulrich , Ray Keisha , Orgill Dennis P. , Panayi Adriana C. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
This study aims to fill the gap in large-scale, registry-based assessments by examining postoperative outcomes across diverse races/ethnicities. The focus is on identifying disparities and comparing them with socioeconomic demographics.

Methods:
In a registry-based cohort study using the 2008 to 2020 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, we evaluated 24 postoperative outcomes through multivariable analysis, incorporating 28 preoperative risk factors. In a separate, independent analysis of the 2019 to 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) database, we examined sociodemographic racial/ethnic normative data.

Results:
Among 7,504,734 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Improvement Database patients specifying race, 83.8% were White (WT), 11.8% Black or African American (B/AA), 3.3% Asian (AS), 0.7% American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), 0.4% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (NH/PI), 7.3% Hispanic. Reoperation trends reveal favorable outcomes for WT, AS, and NH/PI patients compared with B/AA and AI/AN patients. AI/AN patients exhibit higher rates of wound healing issues, while AS patients experience lower rates. AS and B/AA patients are more prone to transfusions, with B/AA patients showing elevated rates of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, renal failure, and insufficiency. Disparities in discharge destinations exist. Hispanic patients fare better than non-WT Hispanic patients, contingent on race. Racial groups (excluding Hispanic patients) with superior surgical outcomes from the NSQIP analysis were found in the NHIS analysis to report higher wealth, better healthcare access, improved food security, greater functional and societal independence, and lower frailty.

Conclusions:
Our study underscores racial disparities in surgical outcomes. Focused investigations into these complications could reveal underlying causes, informing healthcare policies to enhance surgical care universally.
Time-Dependent Changes in Pulmonary Turnover of Thrombocytes During Critical COVID-19
Authors: Aarskog Nikolai Ravn , Hallem Ronja , Godhavn Jakob Strand , Rostrup Morten 
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES (BACKGROUND):
Under normal conditions, pulmonary megakaryocytes are an important source of circulating thrombocytes, causing thrombocyte counts to be higher in arterial than venous blood. In critical COVID-19, thrombocytes may be removed from the circulation by the lungs because of immunothrombosis, possibly causing venous thrombocyte counts to be higher than arterial thrombocyte counts. In the present study, we investigated time-dependent changes in pulmonary turnover of thrombocytes during critical COVID-19 by measuring arteriovenous thrombocyte differences. We hypothesized that the early stages of the disease would be characterized by a net pulmonary removal of circulating thrombocytes because of immunothrombosis and that later stages would be characterized by a net pulmonary release of thrombocytes as normal pulmonary function is restored.

DESIGN:
Cohort study with repeated measurements of arterial and central venous thrombocyte counts.

SETTING:
ICU in a large university hospital.

PATIENTS:
Thirty-one patients with critical COVID-19 that were admitted to the ICU and received invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We found a significant positive association between the arteriovenous thrombocyte difference and time since symptom debut. This finding indicates a negative arteriovenous thrombocyte difference and hence pulmonary removal of thrombocytes in the early stages of the disease and a positive arteriovenous thrombocyte difference and hence pulmonary release of thrombocytes in later stages. Most individual arteriovenous thrombocyte differences were smaller than the variance coefficient of the analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this study support our hypothesis that early stages of critical COVID-19 are characterized by pulmonary removal of circulating thrombocytes because of immunothrombosis and that later stages are characterized by the return of normal pulmonary release of thrombocytes. However, in most cases, the arteriovenous thrombocyte difference was too small to say anything about pulmonary thrombocyte removal and release on an individual level.
Blood Tumor Mutational Burden Alone Is Not a Good Predictive Biomarker for Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Gastrointestinal Tumors
Authors: Yu James , Park Robin , Miao Ruoyu , Imanirad Iman , Shahzad Moazzam , Laborde Jose M. , Knepper Todd C. , Walko Christine M. , Kim Richard 
Published: July 2024

There has been a controversy about the predictive value of tissue-TMB-H for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with limited data regarding blood-TMB (bTMB) in GI tumors. We aim to evaluate the predictive value of bTMB compared with MSI-H in GI tumors. Patients with unresectable/metastatic GI cancer, harboring either MSS with bTMB-H (≥10 mut/Mb) or dMMR/MSI-H who received ICI were included. We compared ICIs’ efficacy between MSS-bTMB-H (N=45) versus MSI-H (N=50) in GI tumors. Ninety-five patients were identified with the majority having colorectal (49.5%) or esophagogastric (34.7%) cancers. MSS-bTMB-H group had more esophagogastric cancer and later-line ICI recipients, with no significant differences in other known prognostic variables. At a median follow-up of 9.4 months, MSI-H group showed superior ORR (58.0% vs. 26.7%), DCR (84.0% vs. 42.2%), DoR (not-reached vs. 7.6 mo), PFS (22.5 vs. 3.8 mo), and OS (Not-reached vs. 10.1 mo) compared with MSS-bTMB-H. Multivariable analysis showed that MSI-H was an independent favorable factor over MSS-bTMB-H for PFS (HR=0.31, CI 0.15-0.63, P=0.001) and OS (HR=0.33, CI 0.14-0.80, P=0.014). MSI-H group showed favorable outcomes compared with MSS-bTMB-16+ (ORR: 58.0% vs. 26.9%; DCR: 84.0% vs. 42.3%; PFS:22.5 vs. 4.0 mo) and MSS-bTMB-20+ (ORR: 58.0% vs. 31.6%; DCR: 84.0% vs. 42.1%; PFS:22.5 vs. 3.2 mo). There was no difference between MSS-bTMB10–15 compared with MSS-bTMB-16+ in ORR, DCR, and PFS, or between MSS-bTMB10–19 compared with MSS-bTMB20+. Regardless of bTMB cutoff at 10, 16, or 20, bTMB-H did not appear to be a predictive biomarker in MSS GI tumors in this retrospective analysis.
Emesis as a Risk Factor for Postoperative Hematoma in Abdominoplasty: A Retrospective Study in 189 Cases
Authors: Scharfetter Sandra , Puchner Julia , Schwaiger Karl , Hitzl Wolfgang , Buben Philipp , Wechselberger Gottfried 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Among aesthetic procedures, abdominoplasty is associated with an increased complication rate. In general, postoperative nausea and vomiting is frequently experienced. As vomiting increases the intraabdominal pressure and blood pressure, and results in an increased mechanical friction on the abdominal wall, intraoperatively ligated vessels are prone to reopen. However, previous studies have not investigated the impact of postoperative emesis on postoperative hematoma in patients undergoing abdominoplasty.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis on all patients who underwent abdominoplasty between 2017 and 2019 in our institution. Patients were divided into two groups, group 1 including patients experiencing postoperative vomiting and group two including patients without postoperative vomiting. Data extraction focused on patient characteristics, intraoperative characteristics, and postoperative complications, particularly the proportion of patients developing postoperative hematoma. Finally, statistical analysis was performed to analyze the impact of postoperative vomiting on the risk to develop a postoperative hematoma.

Results:
We identified 189 patients fitting our inclusion criteria. Overall, the proportion of postoperative hematoma was 13.7%. Thereby, a statistically significant difference was found between both groups: 62.5% of patients in group 1 (vomiting group) and only 9.25% in group 2 (nonvomiting group) developed a postoperative hematoma [odds ratio: 16.4 (95% confidence interval, 5.3–50.9), P < 0.000001].

Conclusion:
In patients undergoing abdominoplasty, postoperative vomiting increases the risk to develop a postoperative hematoma.
Differential Transcriptional Responses in Corneal and Lung Epithelial Cells to Seasonal Influenza With Potential Function of LGALS9
Authors: Han Yang , Zhang Ting , Bai Dan , Wu Changcheng , Ye Beiwei , Zhou Jianfang , Zhao Yingze , Gao George F. , Liu Jun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Seasonal flu, primarily caused by influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 subtype viruses or influenza B viruses, is the most prevalent respiratory tract infection globally and leads to substantial morbidity and mortality annually. Despite the influenza virus being initially recognized as a respiratory pathogen with well-characterized transmission through respiratory droplets, its impact on the ocular epithelium and associated gene expression remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional profiles of immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-S) and A549 human lung epithelial cells infected with H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus. In comparison with A549 cells, a reduced number of differentially expressed genes was observed in HCE-S upon influenza virus infection. Specifically, there was a significant upregulation of the genes IFI44L and OAS1, along with lower release of the CCL5/RANTES protein. Notably, our findings revealed uniquely upregulated LGALS9 (encoding galectin-9) in HCE-S following infection with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus. Furthermore, targeted knockdown of LGALS9 in these cells resulted in a measurable decrease in viral infection, highlighting its role in the cellular responses to influenza virus and suggesting a novel avenue for antiviral therapy. Overall, our findings provide insight into the distinct mechanisms of influenza virus interactions with different epithelial cells and underscore the importance of studying the ocular surface in understanding influenza pathogenesis.
Staged Excision Technique for Periocular Cutaneous Melanoma: Long-Term Outcomes of the Square Procedure
Authors: Mirzania Delaram , Zhao Zhenyang , Weber Madeline , Ahdoot Rodney , Juntipwong Sarinee , Harms Kelly , Aakalu Vinay K. , Kim Denise S. , Demirci Hakan , Nelson Christine C. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To examine the long-term outcome of the staged excision via the square procedure for the treatment of periocular thin cutaneous melanoma.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of 95 periocular cutaneous melanoma-in-situ and microinvasive melanoma tumors that were treated with the square procedure between April 1, 1994 and December 31, 2018 at the University of Michigan. Demographic and clinical data were evaluated.

Results:
Of 95 cases, 19 (20%) were atypical junctional melanocytic proliferation with features of early melanoma-in-situ, 63 (66.3%) were melanoma-in-situ and 13 (13.7) were microinvasive melanoma with Breslow depth less than 1 mm. Tumor-free margins were achieved with a median margin of 10 mm (range 5–40 mm). Most cases (68.4%) required multiple excision stages. Surgical revision was necessary in 17.9% of cases and was associated with larger defect size. Local recurrence was noted in 8 patients (8.4%) at a median of 42 months postreconstruction. No tumor characteristics were found to predict recurrence.

Conclusions:
The square procedure for periocular melanoma offers an 8.4% recurrence rate, consistent with literature reports on similar staged excision approaches. The staged excision provides an excellent option for comprehensive margin review and tumor control with acceptable cosmetic results after reconstruction.
Clinicians’ Perspectives of Activity Monitoring Applications and Facilitators for Lower-Limb Prosthetic Service Provision
Authors: Patricks Victoria , Twiste Martin , Granat Malcolm , Curtin Samantha , Worsley Peter 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Clinicians involved in lower-limb prosthetic provision and care do not have an objective method for measuring patients’ real-world prosthesis usage. This results in a poor understanding of the full picture of the patient’s everyday life impacting the reporting of outcome following prosthetic prescriptions. There is need to understand what information from wearable prosthetic monitors would be relevant to clinicians and how that information should be displayed to enable health care professionals to make informed decisions. Moreover, clinicians’ perspectives regarding potential use and application of information from monitoring technologies are important in the development and implementation of this technology to improve evidence-based systems for informed clinical decisions for lower-limb prosthesis users. This study aims to explore clinicians’ experiences and perceptions of information obtained from free-living wearable prosthetic monitors used in clinical practice.

Methods
Seven clinicians from private practice and academia were recruited to participate in the study. A semistructured interview was held for each participant, which lasted about 30–45 minutes. Data and transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis method.

Results
Themes of objectiveness and motivation were identified as specific applications of monitoring technologies. Other themes such as awareness and integration were identified as the facilitators of monitoring technologies for prosthetic care in clinical settings. Clinicians identified frameworks in which these monitoring technologies could be incorporated into the clinic, how they can receive feedback as a multidisciplinary team, and the inclusion within patients’ medical records.

Conclusions
This information from prosthetic monitoring technologies could potentially change clinical practice in several ways: by improving the clinical assessment process, improving the prescription process, and improving the rehabilitation process.
To improve the clinical assessment process, prosthetic monitoring information can provide real-world data of prosthesis user’s utilization, which could be used to quantify patients’ self-reports. To improve the prescription process, prosthetic monitoring information can enable clinicians to see if a patient was actively involved in any form of exercise and support them to position their prescription of components within an activity category for their patients. To improve the rehabilitation process, prosthetic monitoring information can be used to plan goals for patients, to measure the progress of patients, and to check for patients’ compliance.

Clinical Relevance Statement
The impact of these potential changes in clinical practice can ultimately lead to improved clinical decisions in prosthetic care and creation of an evidence-based system.
The Dynamic Donning Technique of Prosthetic Liners
Authors: Sedki Imad , Yiu Roy 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prosthetic liners are widely used for a variety of indications such as improving prosthetic socket fit and suspension. However, these are associated with complications affecting the skin, including skin rubs, breakdown, and ulceration.

Methods and Discussion
We outline the splinting effect of prosthetic liners as a possible contributing factor that results in increased shear during joint motion and propose a simple liner donning technique to minimize these shear forces by spreading liner/skin tension over the whole range of motion of the proximal joint.

Clinical Relevance
The proposed dynamic donning technique would minimize the risk of skin ulcerations and improve joint range of motion in prosthetic limb users.
Are Sub-elite Athletes at Higher Risk of Eating Disorders, Exercise Addiction, Depression, and Low Energy Availability Compared With Elite Athletes?
Authors: Lichtenstein Mia Beck , Hertz Søren Peter Thygesen , Johansen Karen Krogh , Rytter Josefine , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn , Torstveit Monica Klungland , Holm Lars , Melin Anna K. 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
The main objective of this study was to investigate the risk of eating disorders, exercise addiction, depression, and low energy availability (LEA) in Danish female and male elite compared with sub-elite athletes.

Design:
A cross-sectional study.

Setting:
An online survey.

Participants:
A total of 410 elite athletes (mean age 20.1 years, 51% females) and 206 sub-elite athletes (mean age 21.3 years, 52% females) from 15 different sports.
Assessment of Risk Factors: Eating Disorders, exercise addiction, depression, and LEA.

Main Outcome Measures:
The Sick Control, One Stone (6.5 kg), Fat, Food, the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, the Exercise Addiction Inventory, the Major Depression Inventory, and the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire or the Low Energy Availability in Males Questionnaire.

Results:
We found that more female sub-elite athletes compared with elite athletes had risk of eating disorders (EDs) (37.4% vs 23.4%; P < 0.012) and the same was found for males (23.2% vs 10.4%; P = 0.005). More athletes with risk of EDs had risk of exercise addiction (12.8 vs 5.4%, P = 0.006), depression (27.3 vs 4.2%, P < 0.001), and LEA (females 55.1 vs 40.7%, P = 0.024, and males 29.4 vs 13.7%, P = 0.036, respectively) compared with athletes without risk of EDs.

Conclusions:
Sub-elite athletes have a higher risk of eating disorders compared with elite athletes. Regular screening of ED symptoms and associated conditions in elite and especially sub-elite athletes may ensure early identification.
Real-world clinical outcomes with fostamatinib for the treatment of refractory chronic immune thrombocytopenia: a single-center experience
Authors: Moore Donald C. , Elmes Joseph B. , Arnall Justin R. , Pineda-Roman Mauricio 
Published: July 2024

Fostamatinib is a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) unresponsive to a previous treatment. Real-world studies evaluating the utilization and effectiveness of fostamatinib outside the context of a clinical trial are lacking. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of fostamatinib for the treatment of ITP in a real-world cohort.
We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study to evaluate the effectiveness of fostamatinib for the treatment of ITP. The primary endpoint was durable response as defined by the American Society of Hematology ITP response criteria. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate, time to response, and safety. Subgroup analysis was performed to assess frequency of durable response in key subgroups of patients based on prior therapies.
Thirty-one patients treated with fostamatinib for ITP were included in our analysis. Patients had received a median of four prior lines of therapy. Ten patients (32%) achieved a durable response. Most durable responders maintained their response at 24 months (n = 7; 70%). The median time to response was 9 days. Four patients (13%) discontinued fostamatinib due to an adverse event. Subgroups who had higher rates of durable responses included those who had received two to three prior lines of therapy (40%), splenectomized patients (50%), and those who had not received prior rituximab (55%).
Fostamatinib therapy in a real-world population of patients with heavily pretreated ITP led to a durable response in a third of patients, which was maintained for most responders.
Chemical burn wounds as a risk factor for gastric cancer: in-silico analyses—experimental research
Authors: Zabihi Mohammad Reza , Akhoondian Mohammad , Tohidian Mobina , Karkhah Samad , Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Mazhari Seyed Amirhossein , Farhadi Bahar , Farzan Ramyar 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
The present study employs bioinformatics tools to identify shared upregulated genes between chemical burns and gastric cancer.

Methods:
Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) retrieved gene sets for this investigation. GSEs with P value less than 0.05 and LOG fold change (FC) greater than 1 were valid and upregulated. Gastric cancer and chemical burn common elevated genes were found using Venn diagram online tools. In the second stage, the “string” visualized gastric cancer elevated genes network, and non-coding RNAs were deleted, and “interaction” greater than 1 was examined to choose important gene nodes. Next, they explored the String gene-interaction network for common genes. To determine the most interacting genes, Gephi (V 0.9.7) used “betweenness centrality” greater than “0” to evaluate the twenty-gene network. TISIDB and drug banks provide gene-related medications.

Results:
In the present study, two genes, including ALOX5AP and SERPINB2, were obtained, with the highest centrality among chemical burns and gastric cancer shared genes. Additionally, the current study presented five drugs, including Urokinase, Tenecteplase, DG031, AM103, and Fiboflapon, which can have predicted effects on gastric cancer following chemical burns.

Conclusion:
According to current in-silicon analyses, ALOX5AP and SERPINB2 are linked genetic keys between gastric chemical burn and cancer. Considering that burn is an environmental factor that leads to the upregulation of the two genes thus, the chemical burn can be related to the incidence of gastric cancer.