bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vectorial Electron Transfer for Improved Hydrogen Evolution by Mercaptopropionic‐Acid‐Regulated CdSe Quantum‐Dots–TiO2–Ni(OH)2 Assembly
Authors: Yu Shan , Li Zhi‐Jun , Fan Xiang‐Bing , Li Jia‐Xin , Zhan Fei , Li Xu‐Bing , Tao Ye , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA visible‐light‐induced hydrogen evolution system based on a CdSe quantum dots (QDs)–TiO2–Ni(OH)2 ternary assembly has been constructed under an ambient environment, and a bifunctional molecular linker, mercaptopropionic acid, is used to facilitate the interaction between CdSe QDs and TiO2. This hydrogen evolution system works effectively in a basic aqueous solution (pH 11.0) to achieve a hydrogen evolution rate of 10.1 mmol g−1 h−1 for the assembly and a turnover frequency of 5140 h−1 with respect to CdSe QDs (10 h); the latter is comparable with the highest value reported for QD systems in an acidic environment. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and control experiments demonstrate that Ni(OH)2 is an efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst. In addition, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and the emission decay of the assembly combined with the hydrogen evolution experiments show that TiO2 functions mainly as the electron mediator; the vectorial electron transfer from CdSe QDs to TiO2 and then from TiO2 to Ni(OH)2 enhances the efficiency for hydrogen evolution. The assembly comprises light antenna CdSe QDs, electron mediator TiO2, and catalytic Ni(OH)2, which mimics the strategy of photosynthesis exploited in nature and takes us a step further towards artificial photosynthesis.
Metal‐Catalyst‐Free Carbohydrazide Fuel Cells with Three‐Dimensional Graphene Anodes
Authors: Qi Ji , Benipal Neeva , Wang Hui , Chadderdon David J. , Jiang Yibo , Wei Wei , Hu Yun Hang , Li Wenzhen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAs a potential solution to concerns on sustainable energy, the wide spread commercialization of fuel cell has long been hindered by limited reserves and relatively high costs of metal catalysts. 3D graphene, a carbon‐only catalyst prepared by reduction of carbon monoxide with lithium oxide, is found to electrochemically catalyze carbohydrazide oxidation reaction efficiently. A prototype of a completely metal‐catalyst‐free anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) with a 3D graphene anode catalyst and an N‐doped CNT (N‐CNT) cathode catalyst generate a peak power density of 24.9 mW cm−2. The average number of electrons electrochemically extracted from one carbohydrazide molecule is 4.9, indicating the existence of CN bond activation, which is a key factor contributing to high fuel utilization efficiency.
Calculated plasma volume status and prognosis in chronic heart failure
Authors: Ling Hua Zen , Flint Julia , Damgaard Morten , Bonfils Peter K. , Cheng Adrian S. , Aggarwal Suneil , Velmurugan Shanti , Mendonca Michelle , Rashid Mohammed , Kang Swan , Papalia Francesco , Weissert Susanne , Coats Caroline J. , Thomas Martin , Kuskowski Michael , Cohn Jay N. , Woldman Simon , Anand Inder S. , Okonko Darlington O. 
Published: December 2014

AimsPlasma volume (PV) expansion hallmarks worsening chronic heart failure (CHF) but no non‐invasive means of quantifying volume status exists. Because weight and haematocrit are related to PV, they can be used to calculate relative PV status (PVS). We tested the validity and prognostic utility of calculated PVS in CHF patients.Methods and resultsFirst, we evaluated the agreement between calculated actual PV (aPV) and aPV levels measured using 125Iodine‐human serum albumin. Second, we derived PVS as: [(calculated aPV – ideal PV)/ideal PV] × 100%. Third, we assessed the prognostic implications of PVS in 5002 patients from the Valsartan in Heart Failure Trial (Val‐HeFT), and validated this in another 246 routine CHF outpatients. On analysis, calculated and measured aPV values correlated significantly in 119 normal subjects and 30 CHF patients. In the Val‐HeFT cohort, mean (+SD) PVS was –9 ± 8% and related to volume biomarkers such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Over 2 years, 977 (20%) patients died. Plasma volume status was associated with death and first morbid events in a ‘J‐shaped’ fashion with the highest risk seen with a PVS > –4%. Stratification into PVS quartiles confirmed that a PVS > –4% was associated with increased mortality (unadjusted hazard ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.44–1.88, χ2 = 54, P < 0.001) even after adjusting for 22 variables, including brain natriuretic peptide. These results were mirrored in the validation cohort.ConclusionsRelative PVS calculated from simple clinical indices reflects the degree to which patients have deviated from their ideal PV and independently relates to outcomes. The utility of PVS‐driven CHF management needs further evaluation.
The Role of Water on the Performance of Calcium Oxide‐Based Sorbents for Carbon Dioxide Capture: A Review
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Bo , Yang Zhongqing , Guo Mingnv 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA technology using calcium oxide (CaO)‐based sorbents for CO2 capture has been identified to be the optimal candidate for capturing CO2 at high temperature. Realistic gases always contain water vapor and many other components, and it has been reported that these wet conditions have a non‐negligible influence on the performance of the sorbent. This Review outlines the role of H2O during the CO2 capture process using CaO‐based sorbents. The role of steam/H2O in sorbent reactivation, the effect of steam on carbonation and calcination, and the influence of steam when simultaneously existing in both carbonation and calcination stages are discussed. It is suggested that injection of steam in both carbonator and calciner is a good strategy to achieve better reactivity of the CaO‐based sorbent for CO2 capture. The mechanisms of the effect of steam in carbonator and calciner on CO2 capture are also discussed. The Review concludes with future research directions.
3‐Coloring Triangle‐Free Planar Graphs with a Precolored 8‐Cycle
Authors: dvořák zdeněk , Lidický Bernard 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLet G be a planar triangle‐free graph and let C be a cycle in G of length at most 8. We characterize all situations where a 3‐coloring of C does not extend to a proper 3‐coloring of the whole graph.
Die Ästhetik der [1.1.1]Propellane
Authors: Augenstein Timo , Breher Frank 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDie schweren Homologen von Kohlenwasserstoffen haben schon häufig den Grundstein für überarbeitete Bindungsmodelle gelegt. Ein Beispiel sind die schweren [1.1.1]Propellane der Gruppe 14. Doch auch nach 25 Jahren Forschung sind nicht alle ihre Rätsel gelöst.
Fight, Flight or Freeze: Common Responses for Follower Coping with Toxic Leadership
Authors: Webster Vicki , Brough Paula , Daly Kathleen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSustained destructive leadership behaviours are associated with negative outcomes that produce serious workplace problems, yet there is scant research into how followers effectively cope with toxic leader behaviours. Despite numerous attempts to develop typologies of coping behaviours, there remains much to learn, especially in relation to this specific workplace stressor. This mixed method research investigates the coping strategies reported by 76 followers to cope with the psychological, emotional and physical consequences of their leader's adverse behaviour. Coping instances were categorized using two existing theoretical coping frameworks, and the ability of these frameworks to explain responses to real‐world experiences with toxic leadership are discussed. Common coping strategies reported included assertively challenging the leader, seeking social support, ruminating, taking leave and leaving the organization. Organizational interventions to increase effectiveness of follower coping with the impact of toxic leadership are also discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Home is Private…Do Not Enter! Introversion and Sensitivity to Work–Home Conflict
Authors: Baer Stacy M. , Jenkins Jade S. , Barber Larissa K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study examined extraversion as a moderator of the relationship between negative work–home conflict and stress‐related outcomes among US employees using conservation of resources theory and privacy regulation theory. Introverts only experienced stronger negative effects of negative work–home conflict on work‐related resource depletion (job burnout, low engagement, low satisfaction with balance) rather than general resource depletion (personal burnout) and strain (physical and psychological). This finding suggests that introverts selectively withdraw from the work domain to conserve resources when privacy at home is threatened. Employers may want to consider ways to help introverts increase work–home segmentation, such as reducing workplace norms that encourage employees to be continuously accessible. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relevance theory: pragmatics and cognition
Authors: Wearing Catherine J. 
Published: December 2014

Relevance Theory is a cognitively oriented theory of pragmatics, i.e., a theory of language use. It builds on the seminal work of H.P. Grice1to develop a pragmatic theory which is at once philosophically sensitive and empirically plausible (in both psychological and evolutionary terms). This entry reviews the central commitments and chief contributions of Relevance Theory, including its Gricean commitment to the centrality of intention‐reading and inference in communication; the cognitively grounded notion of relevance which provides the mechanism for explaining pragmatic interpretation as an intention‐driven, inferential process; and several key applications of the theory (lexical pragmatics, metaphor and irony, procedural meaning). Relevance Theory is an important contribution to our understanding of the pragmatics of communication.WIREs Cogn Sci2015, 6:87–95. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1331This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Linguistic TheoryPsychology > Language
Quality of Life After Endoscopic Lumbar Sympathectomy for Primary Plantar Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Rieger Roman , Pedevilla Sonja , Lausecker Johannes 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrimary plantar hyperhidrosis is characterised by excessive secretion of the sweat glands of the feet and may lead to significant limitations in private and professional lifestyle. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the effect of endoscopic lumbar sympathectomy (ESL) on the quality of life (QL) of patients with primary plantar hyperhidrosis.MethodsBilateral ESL was performed on 52 patients, 31 men and 21 women with primary plantar hyperhidrosis. Perioperative morbidity and clinical results were evaluated in all patients after a mean follow‐up of 15 months. Postoperative QL was examined with the SF‐36V2 questionnaire and the hyperhidrosis‐specific questionnaires devised by Milanez de Campos and Keller.ResultsAll procedures were carried out endoscopically with no perioperative morbidity. Plantar hyperhidrosis was eliminated in 50 patients (96 %) and two patients (4 %) suffered a relapse. Unwanted side effects occurred in the form of compensatory sweating in 34 (65 %) and in the form of postsympathectomy neuralgia in 19 patients (37 %). Ninety six percentage of patients were satisfied with the postoperative result and 88 % would have the surgery repeated. The SF‐36V2 questionnaire revealed a significant improvement of QL after lumbar sympathectomy in physical health (physical component summary, p < 0.01) as well as mental health (mental component summary, p < 0.05). Improved QL was also demonstrated in the Milanez de Campos questionnaire in the dimensions functionality/social interactions (p < 0.01), intimacy (p < 0.01), emotionality (p < 0.01) and specific circumstances (p < 0.01) as well as in the Keller questionnaire in the area of plantar hyperhidrosis (p < 0.01).
ConclusionThe performance of an ESL in patients with primary plantar hyperhidrosis leads to the effective elimination of excessive sweat secretion of the feet and to an increase in QL.
Brand authenticity: An integrative framework and measurement scale
Authors: Morhart Felicitas , Malär Lucia , Guèvremont Amélie , Girardin Florent , Grohmann Bianca 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlthough brand authenticity is gaining increasing interest in consumer behavior research and managerial practice, literature on its measurement and contribution to branding theory is still limited. This article develops an integrative framework of the concept of brand authenticity and reports the development and validation of a scale measuring consumers' perceived brand authenticity (PBA). A multi‐phase scale development process resulted in a 15‐item PBA scale measuring four dimensions: credibility, integrity, symbolism, and continuity. This scale is reliable across different brands and cultural contexts. We find that brand authenticity perceptions are influenced by indexical, existential, and iconic cues, whereby some of the latters' influence is moderated by consumers' level of marketing skepticism. Results also suggest that PBA increases emotional brand attachment and word‐of‐mouth, and that it drives brand choice likelihood through self‐congruence for consumers high in self‐authenticity.
Representations of Homotopy Lie–Rinehart Algebras
Authors: VITAGLIANO LUCA 
Published: December 2014

AbstractI propose a definition of left/right connection along a strong homotopy Lie–Rinehart algebra. This allows me to generalise simultaneously representations up to homotopy of Lie algebroids and actions ofL∞algebras on graded manifolds. I also discuss the Schouten-Nijenhuis calculus associated to strong homotopy Lie–Rinehart connections.
Intestinal colonization of broiler chickens byCampylobacterspp. in an experimental infection study
Authors: BAHRNDORFF S. , GARCIA A. B. , VIGRE H. , NAUTA M. , HEEGAARD P. M. H. , MADSEN M. , HOORFAR J. , HALD B. 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYConsumption of poultry meat is considered as one of the main sources of human campylobacteriosis, and there is clearly a need for new surveillance and control measures based on quantitative data onCampylobacterspp. colonization dynamics in broiler chickens. We conducted four experimental infection trials, using four isolators during each infection trial to evaluate colonization of individual broiler chickens byCampylobacter jejuniover time. Individual and pooled faecal samples were obtained at days 4, 7 and 12 post-inoculation (p.i.) and caecal samples at day 12 p.i. There were large differences between broiler chickens in the number ofC. jejuniin caecal and faecal material. Faecal samples ofC. jejuniranged from 4·0 to 9·4 log c.f.u./g and from 4·8 to 9·3 log c.f.u./g in the caeca. Faecal c.f.u./g decreased with time p.i. Most variation in c.f.u. for faecal and caecal samples was attributed to broiler chickens and a minor part to isolators, whereas infection trials did not affect the total variance. The results showed that pooled samples within isolators had lower c.f.u./g compared to the arithmetic mean of the individual samples. There was a significant correlation between faecal c.f.u./g at days 4 and 7 p.i., days 7 and 12 p.i. and for caecal and faecal c.f.u./g at day 12 p.i.
Moral Enhancement, Gnosticism, and Some Philosophical Paradoxes
Authors: BARILAN Y. M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract:This article examines the concept of moral enhancement from two different perspectives. The first is a bottom-up approach, which aims at identifying fundamental moral traits and subcapacities as targets for enhancement. The second perspective, a top-down approach, is holistic and in line with virtue ethics. Both perspectives lead to the observation that alterations of material and social conditions are the most reliable means to improve prosocial behavior overall.Moral enhancement as a preventive measure invokes Gnostic narratives on the allegedly fallen status of human nature, its search for salvation, and the dependence of the laity on heteronomous salvific interventions. The allure of the preventive kind of enhancement is attributable to its religious hues.Owing to the absence of clarity regarding moral enhancement and of metrics to evaluate its progress, humanity is at risk of prioritizing unclear and unsubstantiated measures of preventive diminishment at the expense of celebrating human capacities and joys.
Stem cell differentiation increases membrane-actin adhesion regulating cell blebability, migration and mechanics
Authors: Sliogeryte Kristina , Thorpe Stephen D. , Lee David A. , Botto Lorenzo , Knight Martin M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study examines how differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells regulates the interaction between the cell membrane and the actin cortex controlling cell behavior. Micropipette aspiration was used to measure the pressure required for membrane-cortex detachment which increased from 0.15 kPa in stem cells to 0.71 kPa following chondrogenic differentiation. This effect was associated with reduced susceptibility to mechanical and osmotic bleb formation, reduced migration and an increase in cell modulus. Theoretical modelling of bleb formation demonstrated that the increased stiffness of differentiated cells was due to the increased membrane-cortex adhesion. Differentiated cells exhibited greater F-actin density and slower actin remodelling. Differentiated cells also expressed greater levels of the membrane-cortex ezrin, radixin, moeisin (ERM) linker proteins which was responsible for the reduced blebability, as confirmed by transfection of stem cells with dominant active ezrin-T567D-GFP. This study demonstrates that stem cells have an inherently weak membrane-cortex adhesion which increases blebability thereby regulating cell migration and stiffness.
Two-Dimensional Ordering of Solute Nanoclusters at a Close-Packed Stacking Fault: Modeling and Experimental Analysis
Authors: Kimizuka Hajime , Kurokawa Shu , Yamaguchi Akihiro , Sakai Akira , Ogata Shigenobu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPredicting the equilibrium ordered structures at internal interfaces, especially in the case of nanometer-scale chemical heterogeneities, is an ongoing challenge in materials science. In this study, we established an ab-initio coarse-grained modeling technique for describing the phase-like behavior of a close-packed stacking-fault-type interface containing solute nanoclusters, which undergo a two-dimensional disorder-order transition, depending on the temperature and composition. Notably, this approach can predict the two-dimensional medium-range ordering in the nanocluster arrays realized in Mg-based alloys, in a manner consistent with scanning tunneling microscopy-based measurements. We predicted that the repulsively interacting solute-cluster system undergoes a continuous evolution into a highly ordered densely packed morphology while maintaining a high degree of six-fold orientational order, which is attributable mainly to an entropic effect. The uncovered interaction-dependent ordering properties may be useful for the design of nanostructured materials utilizing the self-organization of two-dimensional nanocluster arrays in the close-packed interfaces.
Pole walking down‐under: profile of pole walking leaders, walkers and programs in Australia and factors relating to participation
Authors: Fritschi Juliette O. , van Uffelen Jannique G. Z. , Brown Wendy J. 
Published: December 2014

Issue addressedAlthough pole walking (PW) has the potential to be a useful health‐enhancing physical activity (PA), little is known about by whom or how it is being practised. The aims of this study were to describe (1) the characteristics of PW leaders, pole walkers and PW programs in Australia, and (2) participants' perceptions of PW and their reasons for participation.MethodsIn 2012, PW leaders (n = 31) and walkers (n = 107) completed self‐administered surveys that included questions about participants' sociodemographic and health characteristics, PW programs and perceptions of PW. Data were analysed using SPSS.ResultsLeaders and walkers were generally born in Australia (leaders, 71%; walkers, 83%), older (leaders, 55 years [s.d. 11.5]; walkers, 65 years [s.d. 10.6]) and female (leaders, 77%; walkers, 79%). Most walkers (82%) walked regularly in groups, approximately once per week for about an hour, at light to moderate intensity. The program's aims most strongly endorsed by PW leaders were to increase participant enjoyment (90%), increase PA levels (81%), provide a positive social experience (77%) and increase PA confidence (71%). The most strongly endorsed motivations for PW among walkers were to remain physically active (63%), improve fitness (62%) and personal and social enjoyment (60%).ConclusionsIn Australia, PW is being practised by a health conscious, older population. It is perceived as an enjoyable and healthenhancing outdoor activity.So what?Health and exercise practitioners may find that PW is a beneficial form of PA for older Australians.
Intrinsically organized resting state networks in the human spinal cord
Authors: Kong Yazhuo , Eippert Falk , Beckmann Christian F. , Andersson Jesper , Finsterbusch Jürgen , Büchel Christian , Tracey Irene , Brooks Jonathan C. W. 
Published: December 2014

Significance
The human brain displays an enormous amount of intrinsic activity in the absence of any task or external stimulation. Here we demonstrate that the human spinal cord, the brain’s principal interface with the body, also shows such resting-state activity. We observed biologically plausible and spatially distinct networks that reflect the functional organisation of the spinal cord: networks in the anterior part likely relating to motor function and distinct networks in the posterior part likely reflecting sensory function. These networks were grouped along the spinal cord, consistent with motor output to, and sensory input from, the body. Together with previous brain imaging studies, our data suggest that resting-state activity constitutes a major functional signature of the entire central nervous system.
Effect of distracting faces on visual selective attention in the monkey
Authors: Landman Rogier , Sharma Jitendra , Sur Mriganka , Desimone Robert 
Published: December 2014

Significance
Primates express a natural interest in faces. The viewing of faces with an emotional expression affects emotion circuits in the brain, even when they are not directly attended. This has led to a debate about whether faces attract attention automatically. We tested the influence of emotional faces as irrelevant distracters in an attention task in monkeys. Task performance was most affected when facial expression was threatening, especially when presented for durations longer than 200 ms. We conclude that, in monkeys, emotional distractors do attract attention away from other tasks but not instantly. Administration of the hormone oxytocin reduced the effect. Among the brain systems likely involved are areas where oxytocin receptors are abundant.
Well-posedness for the fifth-order KdV equation in the energy space
Authors: Kenig Carlos , Pilod Didier 
Published: December 2014

We prove that the initial value problem (IVP) associated to the fifth-order KdV equation

(0.1)

∂
t

u
−

∂
x
5

u
=

c
1

∂
x

u

∂
x
2

u
+

c
2

∂
x

(
u

∂
x
2

u
)
+

c
3

∂
x

(

u
3

)
,

\begin{equation*} \tag {0.1} \partial _tu-\partial ^5_x u=c_1\partial _xu\partial _x^2u+c_2\partial _x(u\partial _x^2u)+c_3\partial _x(u^3), \end{equation*}

where

x
∈

R

x \in \mathbb R

,

t
∈

R

t \in \mathbb R

,

u
=
u
(
x
,
t
)

u=u(x,t)

is a real-valued function and

α
,

c
1

,

c
2

,

c
3

\alpha , \ c_1, \ c_2, \ c_3

are real constants with

α
≠
0

\alpha \neq 0

, is locally well-posed in

H
s

(

R

)

H^s(\mathbb R)

for

s
≥
2

s \ge 2

. In the Hamiltonian case (i.e. when

c
1

=

c
2

c_1=c_2

), the IVP associated to (0.1) is then globally well-posed in the energy space

H
2

(

R

)

H^2(\mathbb R)

.