bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a Tool for Wheat Yield Estimation: A Case Study from Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Sultana Syeda Refat , Ali Amjed , Ahmad Ashfaq , Mubeen Muhammad , Zia-Ul-Haq M. , Ahmad Shakeel , Ercisli Sezai , Jaafar Hawa Z. E. 
Published: June 2014

For estimation of grain yield in wheat, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is considered as a potential screening tool. Field experiments were conducted to scrutinize the response of NDVI to yield behavior of different wheat cultivars and nitrogen fertilization at agronomic research area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF) during the two years 2008-09 and 2009-10. For recording the value of NDVI, Green seeker (Handheld-505) was used. Split plot design was used as experimental model in, keeping four nitrogen rates (N1= 0 kg ha−1,N2= 55 kg ha−1,N3=110 kg ha−1, andN4= 220 kg ha−1) in main plots and ten wheat cultivars (Bakkhar-2001, Chakwal-50, Chakwal-97, Faisalabad-2008, GA-2002, Inqlab-91, Lasani-2008, Miraj-2008, Sahar-2006, and Shafaq-2006) in subplots with four replications. Impact of nitrogen and difference between cultivars were forecasted through NDVI. The results suggested that nitrogen treatment N4(220 kg ha−1) and cultivar Faisalabad-2008 gave maximum NDVI value (0.85) at grain filling stage among all treatments. The correlation among NDVI at booting, grain filling, and maturity stages with grain yield was positive (R2 = 0.90;R2 = 0.90;R2 = 0.95), respectively. So, booting, grain filling, and maturity can be good depictive stages during mid and later growth stages of wheat crop under agroclimatic conditions of Faisalabad and under similar other wheat growing environments in the country.
Toeplitz Operators on Dirichlet-Type Space of Unit Ball
Authors: Xia Jin , Wang Xiaofeng , Cao Guangfu 
Published: June 2014

We construct a functionuinL2Bn, dVwhich is unbounded on any neighborhood of each boundary point ofBnsuch that Toeplitz operatorTuis a Schattenp-class0<p<∞operator on Dirichlet-type spaceDBn, dV. Then, we discuss some algebraic properties of Toeplitz operators with radial symbols on the Dirichlet-type spaceDBn, dV. We determine when the product of two Toeplitz operators with radial symbols is a Toeplitz operator. We investigate the zero-product problem for several Toeplitz operators with radial symbols. Furthermore, the corresponding commuting problem of Toeplitz operators whose symbols are of the formξkuis studied, wherek ∈ Zn,ξ ∈ ∂Bn, anduis a radial function.
Anti‐Trichophyton Activity of Protocatechuates and Their Synergism with Fluconazole
Authors: Soares Luciana Arantes , Gullo Fernanda Patrícia , Sardi Janaina de Cássia Orlandi , Pitangui Nayla de Souza , Costa-Orlandi Caroline Barcelos , Sangalli-Leite Fernanda , Scorzoni Liliana , Regasini Luis Octávio , Petrônio Maicon Segalla , Souza Patrícia Fernanda , Silva Dulce Helena Siqueira , Mendes-Giannini Maria José Soares , Fusco-Almeida Ana Marisa 
Published: June 2014

Dermatophytosis and superficial mycosis are a major global public health problem that affects 20–25% of the world’s population. The increase in fungal resistance to the commercially available antifungal agents, in conjunction with the limited spectrum of action of such drugs, emphasises the need to develop new antifungal agents. Natural products are attractive prototypes for antifungal agents due to their broad spectrum of biological activities. This study aimed to verify the antifungal activity of protocatechuic acid, 3,4‐diacetoxybenzoic, and fourteen alkyl protocatechuates (3,4‐dihydroxybenzoates) against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes and to further assess their activities when combined with fluconazole. Susceptibility and synergism assays were conducted as described in M38‐A2 (CLSI), with modifications. Three strains of Trichophyton rubrum and three strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes were used in this work. The pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl protocatechuates showed great fungicidal effects, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.97 to 7.8 mg/L. Heptyl showed a synergistic activity (FIC index = 0.49), reducing the MIC of fluconazole by fourfold. All substances tested were safe, especially the hexyl, heptyl, octyl, and nonyl compounds, all of which showed a high selectivity index, particularly in combination with fluconazole. These ester associations with fluconazole may represent a promising source of prototypes in the search for anti‐Trichophyton therapeutic agents.
Combined CADM1/MAL Methylation and Cytology Testing for Colposcopy Triage of High-Risk HPV-Positive Women
Authors: De Strooper Lise M.A. , Hesselink Albertus T. , Berkhof Johannes , Meijer Chris J.L.M. , Snijders Peter J.F. , Steenbergen Renske D.M. , Heideman Daniëlle A.M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Primary screening for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) requires a triage protocol. Repeat cytology testing at baseline and after 6 to 12 months has emerged as a reasonable triage approach, but carries the risk of loss to follow-up. Repeat cytology testing may be omitted if cytology is supplemented with another, complementary triage test at baseline. In this study, the performance of combined triage by cytology and DNA methylation analysis was assessed. In hrHPV-positive cervical scrapes (n = 250), cytology [threshold: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)], bi-marker CADM1/MAL methylation testing (at different assay thresholds), and combinations of both were evaluated for endpoints cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and grade 3 or worse (CIN3+). At a predefined methylation threshold of 70% specificity for CIN3+, combined triage revealed a CIN3+ sensitivity of 86.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 76.1–97.6] compared with 65.8% (95% CI, 50.7–80.9) for sole cytology triage testing. Corresponding CIN3+ specificity was 64.8% (95% CI, 58.1–71.5) for combined triage and 78.6% (95% CI, 72.8–84.3) for sole cytology triage testing. For CIN2+, the sensitivity of combined triage testing was 84.5% (95% CI, 75.2–93.8) compared with 65.5% (95% CI, 53.3–77.7) for sole cytology triage, with corresponding specificities of 69.9% (95% CI, 63.1–76.6) and 83.5% (95% CI, 78.0–89.0), respectively. In conclusion, combined triage reached substantially higher CIN2+/3+ sensitivities compared with sole cytology at a slight drop in specificity. Therefore, it is an attractive triage strategy for colposcopy of hrHPV-positive women with a high reassurance for cervical cancer and advanced CIN lesions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(9); 1933–7. ©2014 AACR.
Eye Cancer Incidence in U.S. States and Access to Fluoridated Water
Authors: Schwartz Gary G. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Environmental risk factors for uveal melanomas (cancer of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid) have not been identified. To search for these, we examined the correlation of age-adjusted eye cancer incidence rates, a surrogate for uveal melanoma rates, in U.S. states with group level geographic and demographic factors using multivariate linear regression. Incidence rates for eye cancer were inversely correlated with the percentage of the population receiving fluoridated water; that is, higher rates were found in states with lower prevalences of fluoridation (P = 0.01). Fluoride is known to inhibit the growth of microbial agents that cause choroiditis and choroidal lesions in animals. We speculate that fluoridation protects against choroidal melanoma by inhibiting microbial agents that cause choroiditis and/or choroidal lesions in humans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(9); 1707–11. ©2014 AACR.
A Coupled Cloud Physics–Radiation Parameterization of the Bulk Optical Properties of Cirrus and Its Impact on the Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 5.0 Configuration
Authors: Baran Anthony J. , Hill Peter , Furtado Kalli , Field Paul , Manners James 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A new coupled cloud physics–radiation parameterization of the bulk optical properties of ice clouds is presented. The parameterization is consistent with assumptions in the cloud physics scheme regarding particle size distributions (PSDs) and mass–dimensional relationships. The parameterization is based on a weighted ice crystal habit mixture model, and its bulk optical properties are parameterized as simple functions of wavelength and ice water content (IWC). This approach directly couples IWC to the bulk optical properties, negating the need for diagnosed variables, such as the ice crystal effective dimension. The parameterization is implemented into the Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 5.0 (GA5) configuration. The GA5 configuration is used to simulate the annual 20-yr shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), as well as the temperature structure of the atmosphere, under various microphysical assumptions. The coupled parameterization is directly compared against the current operational radiation parameterization, while maintaining the same cloud physics assumptions. In this experiment, the impacts of the two parameterizations on the SW and LW radiative effects at TOA are also investigated and compared against observations. The 20-yr simulations are compared against the latest observations of the atmospheric temperature and radiative fluxes at TOA. The comparisons demonstrate that the choice of PSD and the assumed ice crystal shape distribution are as important as each other. Moreover, the consistent radiation parameterization removes a long-standing tropical troposphere cold temperature bias but slightly warms the southern midlatitudes by about 0.5 K.
Inpatient treatment for mania: A review and rationale for adjunctive interventions
Authors: Crowe Marie , Porter Richard 
Published: June 2014

Objective: To examine the evidence for adjunctive non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of mania in an acute inpatient setting. Method: A selective review of original and review papers was conducted. The electronic databases PsycINFO and PubMed were searched using the following MeSH terms: mania, mania treatment and inpatient. Results: Four studies were identified in the search for non-psychopharmacological interventions for mania that commenced in an inpatient setting: Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT), Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (G-CBT), sensory room, and dark room therapy. Only two of these were designed exclusively for patients with bipolar disorder and the other two included these patients in a heterogeneous group of acute psychiatric inpatients. Conclusions: Sleep and circadian regulation (Social Rhythm Therapy) that focuses on the establishment and maintenance of regular daily rhythms, particularly in relation to sleep–wake times, meal times and socialization, provides a potentially useful model for managing mania in the inpatient setting. However, there is an urgent need for further research into the effective treatment of mania.
A retrospective cohort study describing six months of admissions under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act; the problem of alcohol misuse
Authors: Zisman Sophia , O'Brien Aileen 
Published: June 2014

Background Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 empowers police to remove a person they believe to be suffering from a mental disorder from a place to which the public have access, if they deem them a risk to themselves or others. In the UK, the number of Section 136 orders is increasing. Objective This retrospective cohort study identified the demographic profiles, circumstances of detention and assessment outcomes of all individuals detained under Section 136 between February 2012 and July 2012 at a London Mental Health Trust. The study explored the relationship between alcohol and/or drug use, the process and outcomes. Design and method This study retrospectively obtained data from electronic notes for a six-month period. Demographic details were recorded. Other variables included previous admissions, reasons for assessment, evidence of intoxication, time taken for assessment and discharge outcomes. The effects of alcohol and/or drug intoxication on the process were recorded. Results A total of 245 individuals were assessed during the time period. Threatening to self-harm ( n = 100, 44.8%) was the most common reason for assessment. Of the 245 patients assessed, 108 (44.1%) were found to be intoxicated with drugs and/or alcohol. Intoxication resulted in longer assessment times and a decreased likelihood of admission to hospital (p < .000).
All-Inside Meniscal Repair Devices Compared With Their Matched Inside-Out Vertical Mattress Suture Repair
Authors: Rosso Claudio , Müller Sebastian , Buckland Daniel M. , Schwenk Tanja , Zimmermann Simon , de Wild Michael , Valderrabano Victor 
Published: June 2014

Background: All-inside arthroscopic meniscal repairs are favored by most clinicians because of their lower complication rate and decreased morbidity compared with inside-out techniques. Until now, only 1000 cycles have been used for biomechanical testing. Hypothesis: All-inside meniscal repairs will show inferior biomechanical response to cyclic loading (up to 100,000 cycles) and load-to-failure testing compared with inside-out suture controls. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Bucket-handle tears in 72 porcine menisci were repaired using the Omnispan and Fast-Fix 360 (all-inside devices) and Orthocord 2-0 and Ultrabraid 2-0 sutures (matched controls). Initial displacement, displacement after cyclic loading (100, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000, and 100,000 cycles) between 5 and 20 N, ultimate load to failure, and mode of failure were recorded, as well as stiffness. Results: Initial displacement and displacement after cyclic loading were not different between the groups. The Omnispan repair demonstrated the highest load-to-failure force (mean ± SD, 151.3 ± 21.5 N) and was significantly stronger than all the other constructs (Orthocord 2-0, 105.5 ± 20.4 N; Ultrabraid 2-0, 93.4 ± 22.5 N; Fast-Fix 360, 76.6 ± 14.2 N) ( P < .0001 for all). The Orthocord vertical inside-out mattress repair was significantly stronger than the Fast-Fix 360 repair ( P = .003). The Omnispan (30.8 ± 3.5 N/mm) showed significantly higher stiffness compared with the Ultrabraid 2-0 (22.9 ± 6.9 N/mm, P < .0001) and Fast-Fix 360 (23.7 ± 3.9 N/mm, P = .001). The predominant mode of failure was suture failure. Conclusion: All-inside meniscal devices show comparable biomechanical properties compared with inside-out suture repair in cyclic loading, even after 100,000 cycles. Clinical Relevance: Eight to 10 weeks of rehabilitation might not pose a problem for all repairs in this worst-case scenario.
Hospital Volume of Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair Does Not Affect Mortality in California
Authors: Weiss Anna , Anderson Jamie A. , Green Amanda , Chang David C. , Kansal Nikhil 
Published: June 2014

Objectives: Open thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair (TAAR) is a rarely performed but a complicated and morbid procedure. This study compares the morbidity and mortality of open TAAR at high- versus low-volume hospitals. Methods: Included patients from California Office of Statewide Health Policy and Development patient discharge database who underwent an open TAAR between 1995 and 2010. High volume was ≥9 cases per year. Outcomes included mortality and postoperative complications. Multivariate analyses compared patients at high- versus low-volume hospitals. Results: A total of 122 hospitals were included, with 5 designated as high volume. Adjusted analysis found no difference in the odds ratio (OR) of mortality or morbidity at high-volume hospitals compared to low-volume hospitals (OR 0.37, P = .077; OR 0.94, P = .834, respectively). However, there was a decreased OR of mortality in high- versus low-volume hospitals when a high-volume hospital was defined as each year after meeting the initial threshold of 9 cases (OR 0.40, P = .040). Conclusion: We found no difference in mortality between low- and high-volume institutions in California, until high-volume hospitals were defined as each year after meeting initial threshold case volume. This may suggest that the benefits of high-volume hospitals on outcomes are maintained after reaching the requisite case volume.
A clinico-pathological review of non-haematological metastases to the testes
Authors: D’Arcy Frank T , Raheem Omer , Dunne Barbara , Grainger Ronald 
Published: June 2014

Objective: Metastatic disease within the testicle is rare and the bulk of the literature relating to this is limited to individual case reports. In this study we retrospectively review all orchidectomy specimens in a single university-affiliated institution over a 20-year period and report on the incidence of non-haematological, histologically proven metastatic disease within this series, discussing clinical outcome. Patients and methods: In total 739 orchidectomy cases were reviewed. No autopsy cases were considered. Histological reports were supplemented with clinical notes in cases of interest. Results: Five cases of non-haematological, secondary tumours were identified in the testes (2% of all tumours). Of these, two were of prostatic origin, two were carcinoid lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and one a malignant melanoma. Survival in this group ranged from one to 48 months with one of the patients still alive 15 years later. Conclusion: Secondary testicular spread is a rare phenomenon generally associated with poor overall survival. Outside prostate cancer, this is a condition seen in younger men. Little is known about this interesting condition.
Therapeutic effect of Botulinum toxin-A in 88 patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia with 14-month follow-up
Authors: Li Shuang , Lian Ya-Jun , Chen Yuan , Zhang Hai-Feng , Ma Yun-Qing , He Cai-Hong , Wu Chuan-Jie , Xie Nan-Chang , Zheng Ya-Ke , Zhang Yi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
We investigated the long-term effects and safety of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) for treating trigeminal neuralgia (TN). We also studied long-term maintenance of this therapeutic effect.

Methods
A visual analog scale (VAS) score, pain attack frequency per day, patient’s overall response to treatment and side effects during 14-month follow-up were evaluated in 88 patients with TN receiving BTX-A. The primary endpoints were pain severity (assessed by VAS) and pain attack frequency per day. The secondary endpoint was the patient’s overall response to treatment, assessed using the Patient Global Impression of Change. The influence of different doses (≤50, 50–100 and ≥100 U) on the therapeutic effect was evaluated.

Results
Treatment was deemed “effective” within 1 month in 81 patients and at 2 months in 88 patients (100%). The shortest period of effective treatment was 3 months, and complete control of pain was observed in a maximum of 46 patients. The therapeutic effect decreased gradually after 3 months, and the prevalence of effective treatment at 14 months was 38.6%, with complete control of pain seen in 22 patients (25%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of effective treatment between different dose groups at identical time points (p > 0.05). Three patients showed swelling at injection sites and 10 patients showed facial asymmetry, both of which disappeared spontaneously without special treatment.

Conclusion
Local subcutaneous injection of BTX-A for TN treatment has considerable therapeutic effects lasting several months and is safe for this indication. At least one-quarter of patients maintained complete analgesia. The maintenance period of the therapeutic effect may be related to the reduction in the VAS score after the first injection of BTX-A.
Activity of EGFR, mTOR and PI3K inhibitors in an isogenic breast cell line model
Authors: Glaysher Sharon , Bolton Louise M , Johnson Penny , Torrance Christopher , Cree Ian A 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
The epidermal growth factor receptor family is expressed in breast cancer, and agents targeting this pathway have single agent effects (e.g. traztuzumab). Development of resistance may be due to the presence of alternative pathways, particularly activation of the PI3K/Akt/MTOR pathway. We have therefore examined the effect of inhibitors of this pathway (ZSTK474 and sirolimus) in combination with the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib in breast MCF10a isogenic cell lines with EGFR, BRAF, AKT, and PI3K mutations.

Results
PI3K mutation conferred increased activity of EGFR inhibitors against MCF10a cells in comparison with the parental cell line and other mutations studied. Combination of EGFR inhibitors with either the PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 or the MTOR inhibitor sirolimus showed increased activity.

Conclusions
These results are encouraging for the use of combinations targeting the PI3K and EGFR pathway simultaneously.
Loss of histone H4K20 trimethylation predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer and is associated with invasive activity
Authors: Yokoyama Yuhki , Matsumoto Ayaka , Hieda Miki , Shinchi Yoshimi , Ogihara Eri , Hamada Mai , Nishioka Yu , Kimura Hiroshi , Yoshidome Katsuhide , Tsujimoto Masahiko , Matsuura Nariaki 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Loss of histone H4 lysine 20 trimethylation (H4K20me3) is associated with multiple cancers, but its role in breast tumors is unclear. In addition, the pathological effects of global reduction in H4K20me3 remain mostly unknown. Therefore, a major goal of this study was to elucidate the global H4K20me3 level in breast cancer tissue and investigate its pathological functions.

Methods
Levels of H4K20me3 and an associated histone modification, H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a series of breast cancer tissues. Univariate and multivariate clinicopathological and survival analyses were performed. We also examined the effect of overexpression or knockdown of the histone H4K20 methyltransferases, SUV420H1 and SUV420H2, on cancer-cell invasion activity in vitro.

Results
H4K20me3, but not H3K9me3, was clearly reduced in breast cancer tissue. A reduced level of H4K20me3 was correlated with several aspects of clinicopathological status, including luminal subtypes, but not with HER2 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that reduced levels of H4K20me3 independently associated with lower disease-free survival. Moreover, ectopic expression of SUV420H1 and SUV420H2 in breast cancer cells suppressed cell invasiveness, whereas knockdown of SUV420H2 activated normal mammary epithelial-cell invasion in vitro.

Conclusions
H4K20me3 was reduced in cancerous regions of breast-tumor tissue, as in other types of tumor. Reduced H4K20me3 level can be used as an independent marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Most importantly, this study suggests that a reduced level of H4K20me3 increases the invasiveness of breast cancer cells in a HER2-independent manner.
A comparison of retrokeratoprosthetic membrane and conjunctival inflammatory responses to silicone oil
Authors: Gilbert Aubrey L , Jakobiec Frederick A , Chodosh James , Eliott Dean 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Silicone oil continues to be an important aid in retinal detachment surgery. We report a case in which disparate responses to silicone oil were noted in the conjunctiva and intraocularly. Intraocularly, the oil permeated a fibrous membrane that formed behind a keratoprosthesis, the first example of this phenomenon. We detail the histological response to the oil at this site as well as a distinctly different reaction present to oil in the conjunctiva of the same eye. The divergence of histological responses provides a demonstration of the eye's apparent retained capacity to protect against intraocular inflammation, despite multiple previous surgeries.