bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure tool control for advanced semiconductor lithography
Authors: Matsuyama Tomoyuki 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This is a review paper to show how we control exposure tool parameters in order to satisfy patterning performance and productivity requirements for advanced semiconductor lithography. In this paper, we will discuss how we control illumination source shape to satisfy required imaging performance, heat-induced lens aberration during exposure to minimize the aberration impact on imaging, dose and focus control to realize uniform patterning performance across the wafer and patterning position of circuit patterns on different layers. The contents are mainly about current Nikon immersion exposure tools.
Cardiac troponin I release after a basketball match in elite, amateur and junior players
Authors: López-Laval Isaac , Legaz-Arrese Alejandro , George Keith , Serveto-Galindo Olga , González-Rave José María , Reverter-Masia Joaquín , Munguía-Izquierdo Diego 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAvailable scientific data related to cardiac troponin I (cTnI) release after intermittent exercise is limited. It is also of interest to determine what personal or environmental factors mediate the exercise-induced release of cTnI. This study had two objectives: 1) to examine the individual release of cTnI to a basketball match; and 2) to establish the influence of athlete status as well as biological age on cTnI release.Thirty-six basketball players (12 adult elite [PBA]: 27.3±4.1 years, 12 adult amateur [ABA]: 29.6±2.9 years, and 12 junior elite [JBA]: 16.6±0.9 years) participated in a simulated basketball match with serial assessment of cTnI at rest, immediately post- and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post-exercise.The basketball match increased cTnI levels (pre: median [range]; 0.006 [0.001–0.026]; peak post: 0.024 [0.004–0.244] μg/L; p=0.000), with substantial individual variability in peak values. PBA and JBA players showed higher baseline and post-exercise cTnI values than ABA (all p<0.05). Peak cTnI exceeded the upper reference limit (URL) in the 26% of players (3 PBA; 6 JBA).The current results suggest that intermittent exercise can promote the appearance of cTnI and that this is potentially mediated by athlete status.
Linear independence of dilogarithmic values
Authors: Viola Carlo , Zudilin Wadim 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We establish the linear independence over

ℚ

\mathbb{Q}

, in both qualitative and
quantitative forms, of the four numbers 1,

Li
1

⁡

(

1
/
z

)

=

-

log
⁡

(

1
-

1
/
z

)

\operatorname{Li}_{1}(1/z)=-\log(1-1/z)

,

Li
2

⁡

(

1
/
z

)

\operatorname{Li}_{2}(1/z)

and

Li
2

⁡

(

1
/

(

1
-
z

)

)

\operatorname{Li}_{2}(1/(1-z))

, for all integers

z
≥
9

z\geq 9

or

z
≤

-
8

z\leq-8

and
for rationals

z
=

s
/
r

z=s/r

or

z
=

1
-

s
/
r

z=1-s/r

with

1
<
r
<
s

1<r<s

, where s is large in
comparison with r.
Acral necrosis and upper brachial plexus palsy after prenatal fetal thrombosis
Authors: Dröge Lisa Antonia , Römer Susanne , Berns Monika , Bührer Christoph , Verlohren Stefan , Henrich Wolfgang 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Intrauterine fetal thrombosis is an extremely rare event with a devastating outcome. The etiology of the condition often remains unclear. A 29-year-old 2nd gravida 1st para presented with mild preeclampsia at 34 weeks of gestation with pathological cardiotocography (CTG), but normal resistance indices in the umbilical and the uterine arteries. The fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) displayed a significantly reduced pulsatility index (PI). An immediate cesarean section was performed and a male neonate with a birth weight of 2300 g was delivered. Immediately after birth, a progressive necrosis of the neonate’s 4th right final finger link and a palsy of the right brachial plexus were observed. MRI and ultrasound imaging did not display mechanical injuries. The Doppler ultrasound showed a thrombus in the right common carotid and subclavian artery with poststenotic decreased blood flow of the right middle cerebral artery. Further analysis did not reveal inherited or acquired thrombophilias of the neonate. The puzzling prenatal finding of a markedly decreased PI in the MCA as well as the initially suspected postnatal diagnosis of traumatic plexus injury were clarified by the diagnosis of the thrombosis.
Rousseaus Kritik der ökonomischen Ungleichheit
Authors: Neuhouser Frederick 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper reconstructs Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s position on the limits of legitimate economic inequality as presented in his Second Discourse. It argues that, although Rousseau’s position is egalitarian in that it places severe limits on permissible inequalities, he values economic equality instrumentally, not for its own sake but only as a means for promoting freedom and for securing the social conditions that make recognition, a central component of human well-being, available to all. The paper articulates the conception of freedom at work in Rousseau’s view (freedom as the absence of domination), showing both how his conception differs from Philip Pettit’s and how John Rawls’s conception of justice could be enriched by according greater importance to Rousseau’s concerns about economically caused forms of domination.
Effect of particle surface charge on drug uptake
Authors: Zheng Maosheng , Yu Jie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, it aims to build the relationship of statically electric interaction between the surface charge of a particle drug and cellular uptake. The statically electric theory is applied to study the change of wetting between the drug particle and the cell, a factor that enhanced uptake of cells induced by particle’s surface charge is introduced, then it is formulated according to Kelvin theory for dissolving of solid particle in liquid. It is found that the change of contact angle between the surface charged particle drug and the cell can be detected if the Zeta potential reaches to 6 mV in water like solution, an increase of about 11.1% for the uptake could be obtained for a polymer particle with molar mass
Reactions taking place during molecular chlorine impact on monomers in a wide range of temperatures
Authors: Gordon Dilyara , Mikhaylov Alfa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBy electron spin resonance, ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, and chromatography, calorimetry, elemental analysis and gravimetric methods, we determined the low-temperature impact of molecular chlorine on monomers and the free radicals that spontaneously form. The radicals that formed initiated the polymerization and chlorination reactions that occurred during the mixture of chlorine+monomer, which were prepared at 77 K and heated to 300 K. For the monomers that were in solid state at 300 K, the reactions proceeded in the temperature range near the chlorine melting point (170 K), whereas for the monomers that were in the liquid state at 300 K, the reactions occurred in the temperature range near the monomer melting point.
Is retinol binding protein 4 a link between adiposity and cancer?
Authors: Noy Noa , Li Li , Abola Matthew V. , Berger Nathan A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is synthesized in the liver where it binds vitamin A, retinol, and transports it to tissues throughout the body. It has been shown in some studies that the level of circulating RBP4 increases with body mass, and the protein has been implicated as a mediator in the development of insulin resistance and the metabolic disease. Adipose tissue serves as another site of RBP4 synthesis, accounting for its designation as an adipokine. In addition to its function as a transport protein, RBP4 serves as a signaling molecule which, by binding to the membrane receptor STRA6, triggers downstream activation of pro-oncogenic pathways including JAK2/STAT3/5. Taken together, available information suggests the possibility that RBP4 may be a link between obesity and cancer.
Investigating the Price Transmission Mechanisms of Greek Fresh Potatoes, Tomatoes and Cucumbers Markets
Authors: Rezitis Anthony N. , Pachis Dimitris N. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the price transmission mechanisms between the producer and the consumer for three major Greek agricultural products: fresh potatoes, tomatoes and cucumbers. The empirical analysis uses a Markov Switching Vector Error Correction model which accounts for asymmetric responses of the producer and the consumer to price increases and decreases. The asymmetric effects are tested with in-sample as well as out-of-sample measures for each state. The response of the producer and the consumer to long-run deviations from the equilibrium and to lagged price changes is investigated along with the nature of the price shocks for each state. The empirical results show that potatoes and cucumbers give rise to similar price mechanisms even though the underlying characteristics of these two markets are different. Moreover, the empirical analysis shows that tomatoes and cucumbers result in different price relationships between the producer and the consumer despite the similar market characteristics.
Principle-Based Design: A Methodology and Principles for Capitalizing Design Experiences for Information Quality Assurance
Authors: Bharosa Nitesh , Janssen Marijn 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe know that information quality affects the performance of relief agencies during emergency management processes. Yet, recent studies keep revealing that relief workers faced information quality challenges during emergencies. While this can be partly attributed to the fragmented nature of the incompatible information systems that were designed from a single-agency perspective in order to support routine processes, there is a desperate need for overarching architecture principles that allow for the support of non-routine, interagency information needs. Principles are defined as normative, reusable and directive statements that guide architects in designing the capabilities needed to achieve overarching goals. This study presents a methodology for extracting such principles for information systems that can be employed for emergency management processes. Based on literature review, case surveys, interviews with architects and qualitative analysis, 12 principles are proposed for information quality assurance. Architects working at relief agencies can adopt these principles to redesign information systems in order to assure information quality from an interagency perspective. Due to the absence of an interagency system governing body, the main challenge lies in promoting and monitoring the adoption of such principles across relief agencies.
Re-Tweet Count Matters: Social Influences on Sharing of Disaster-Related Tweets
Authors: Li Huaye , Sakamoto Yasuaki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCommunication during and after disasters increasingly relies on social media technologies. For example, victims, emergency responders, and others took to Twitter to share information about conditions, aid, resources and the like in the aftermath of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. The current paper concerns how a re-tweet count, or the number of others who have already forwarded a message, influences people’s spreading of disaster-related tweets. The results of a human-subjects experiment revealed that, when the re-tweet count of a tweet increased, the likelihood that people would share the tweet increased when it came from an individual’s account, but the likelihood decreased when it came from a news agency’s account. These social influences disappeared when the re-tweet counts were over 1000 people. These findings extend the understanding of how disaster-related information spreads on social media, which is essential for improving social media during disaster management.
Effect of plant polyphenols on seizures – animal studies
Authors: Lasoń Władysław , Leśkiewicz Monika 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARY
Introduction. Flavonoids are a large group of natural compounds that have been considered to be beneficial in ameliorating some age-dependent disorders. However, a potential use of these compounds in epilepsy treatment has not been systematically reviewed.
Aim. This review describes the pharmacological activity of some polyphenols (flavonoids) in different animal models of seizures e.g. pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, kainate-induced seizures and pentylenetetrazole kindling in rats.
Method and Discussion. A literature review was conducted using PubMed from 1963 to October 2013 relating effects of flavonoids on experimentally-induced seizures in rodents. Articles chosen for references were queried with the following prompts: “flavonoids and epilepsy”, “flavonoids and seizures”, “plant polyphenols and epilepsy”, and “plant polyphenols and seizures”. Out of 84 reports 32 pharmacological studies with chemically well-defined flavonoids and using widely accepted animal models of seizures have been taken into account in this review. No clinical data on the antiepileptic effect of flavonoids have been reported so far.
Conclusion. The reviewed data suggest the possible benefits of some chemically well-defined polyphenolic compounds of plant origin in antiepileptic treatment. Among flavonoids, resveratrol, baicalein, quercetin and rutin showed significant antiseizure activity. The ability of flavonoids to prevent brain excitability and to protect the brain against oxidative stress-induced damage suggests a potential use of some flavonoids at least as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of epilepsy.
Burns from foul play? No – previously unsuspected epilepsy
Authors: Kaplan Peter W. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARY
Introduction. Injuries such as burns may occur from unwitnessed and unsuspected new onset epilepsy with forensic implications.
Case report. A young woman was found with >25% 2nd and 3rd degree body burns after an unwitnessed morning event in a shower.
Discussion. The onset of tonic-clonic seizures and limb jerks in adolescence with a typical EEG recording of 3–4/second spike/polyspike-and-waves are diagnostic of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME). Worldwide there is a significant morbidity and mortality in epilepsy from burns. The treatment of JME and of burns was discussed.
Genetic epilepsies. Remarks on the proposed “Organization of the Epilepsies”
Authors: Wieser Heinz Gregor 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYIntroduction.Genetic findings in several epilepsy syndromes provide insights into the pathophysiology of specific subtypes of epilepsy and into mechanisms of epileptogenesis, because the genes encoding ion channels, and proteins associated to the vesical synaptic cycle, or involved in energy metabolism, influence neuronal excitability.Aim.The following aspects of genetic epilepsies will be discussed: new proposed “organization of the epilepsies”, genetic and other etiologies, electroclinical syndromes and their genetics and genetic testing in the epilepsies.Methods.The updated review is based on OMIM™ (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man).Review and remarks.Because of the vast genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, bridging genotype and phenotype remains a major challenge in epilepsy genetics. The so-called “idiopathic” epilepsies are genetically determined. The new ILAE proposal on the “organization” of the epilepsies takes into account the genetic advances. However, despite proposed changes in the nomenclature, the concept of the electroclinical syndrome, i.e. seizure types, age-dependent onset, electroencephalographic criteria, and concomitant symptoms, such as movement disorders or developmental delay, remain important criteria to group the epilepsies. Although also the differentiation “generalized” versus “focal” is nowadays discussed critically, for practical reasons these categories remain valid. Similarly the categories “benign” syndromes of early childhood, epileptic encephalopathies, and fever-associated syndromes, have their utility.Conclusions.The large number of genetic defects in the epilepsies complicates their analysis. However, it is anticipated that novel genetic methods, that are able to analyze all known genes at a reasonable price, will help identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic avenues, including prognostic and genetic counseling. Today it is already possible to include into genetic testing genes responsible for the side effects of AEDs. In addition, for some epilepsy phenotypes it has became possible to predict the most efficacious antiepileptic drugs for patients based on their genetic makeup. Thus, the development of individualized medicine is expected to greatly improve the management of epilepsy patients.
Encephalopathy with Electrical Status Epilepticus in Slow Wave Sleep – a review with an emphasis on regional (perisylvian) aspects
Authors: Halász Peter , Hegyi Márta , Siegler Zsuzsa , Fogarasi András 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYAim.The aim of this article is to review criticaly the Electrical Status Epilepticus in Slow Sleep (ESES) phenomenon from a neurophysiological mechanisms aspect as well as terminological and classification issues.Methods.The review includes all the relevant papers published during the last 43 years on the subject of ESES and Continous Spike – Wave in Sleep (CSWS).These papers were identified in various large databases via the internet.Rewiev and remarks.ESES/CSWS phenomena can be held as a common final pathway originating from different etiologies, including patients with early brain damage (probably involving thalamic structures), but also patients without structural pathology as in atypical evolution of idiopathic regional childhood hyperexcitability syndromes (with Rolandic epilepsy as a prototype). There are hints that genetic predisposition might be an important factor in the development of this process. The two large patient groups (lesional and non-lesional) show the same EEG evolution and encephalopathic cognitive consequences. The sleep EEG activation can be held as a common endophenotype. ESES represents an extreme sleep activation/potentiation of the local/regional interictal discharges, enhancing them in frequency, territorial extension, intra and trans-hemispherial propagation, synchrony and continuity. This process is most probably not identical with the development of bilateral spike-wave pattern in „generalized” epilepsies which involves primarily or secondarily the thalamocortical system as it had been explored by Gloor (1979) for idiopathic generalized rpilepsy and Steriade and Amzica (2003) for different types of generalized spike and wave discharges.Conclusions and syndromological embedding of ESES.In an overwhelming majority of the investigated cases, the maps of the single discharges constituting sleep activation are identical; with focal/regional interictal spikes followed by slow closing wave, as it is seen in childhood regional age dependent hyperexcitability syndromes (prototype of the centro-temporal spikes of Rolandic epilepsy). The main mechanism of the developing cognitive impairment is most probably the consequence of interference with plastic function of slow wave sleep by obliterating synaptic decline during sleep. Presently, the consensus and co-operative research is highly obstacled by the terminological chaos, the controversial definitions and views around this still striking and enigmatic phenomenon.
Recent advances in pathophysiology studies and treatment of epilepsy in neurocutaneous disorders
Authors: Sadowski Krzysztof , Jóźwiak Sergiusz 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYIntroduction.Epilepsy that is associated with neurocutaneous disorders seriously deteriorates quality of life and cognitive outcome of affected children. Recent advances in epilepsy pathophysiology raise hopes for better treatment results in this difficult group of patients.Aim.The aim of this review is to present recent treatment recommendations as well as current research progress in the most frequent neurocutaneous disorders.Material and methods.We analyzed PubMed database to select the most prominent and recent (up to 2014 year) publications on the treatment and mechanisms of epilepsy in selected neurocutaneous disorders. We aimed to emphasize evidence-based medicine recommendations as well as basic experimental studies dealing with molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis.Discussion and conclusions.Recent advances in disease-modifying treatment options such as mTOR inhibitors in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex open up new perspectives for neurologists. Traditional resective surgery has still a major role as a treatment of choice in carefully selected cases.
Migrants’ alternative multi-lingua franca spaces as emergent re-producers of exclusionary monolingual nation-state regimes
Authors: Sabaté Dalmau Maria 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFrom a critical sociolinguistic perspective, this article investigates the written linguistic practices of 20 labor migrants from heterogeneous backgrounds who organized their life trajectories in an ‘ethnic’ call shop in a marginal neighborhood near Barcelona. This was a late capitalist institution informally providing the undocumented with survival resources off the radar from governmental authorities. By drawing on interviews and visual materials gathered over a two-year fieldwork project, I report on the amalgamations of allochthonous and autochthonous codes which function as the multi-lingua franca of these alternative shelters, which have now colonized the globalized urban landscape. I argue that these translinguistic practices speak of the ethnolinguistic identities with which migrants try to secure subsistence. I show, though, that transnational populations simultaneously map their in-group codes upon a unified floor where the use of only global Spanish is fostered. Users sanction their linguistic hybridity and self-correct into hegemonic standard norms which index ‘integration’ and fully-fledged citizenship statuses, delegitimizing their linguistic capitals. I conclude that the migrants’ grassroots mobilization of both linguistic resistance and regimentation within a single discursive space where exclusionary sociolinguistic orders could be contested uniquely unveils the ways in which they challenge, but paradoxically re-produce, the monolingual nation-state regimes of their host society.
Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Thommes Matthias , Kaneko Katsumi , Neimark Alexander V. , Olivier James P. , Rodriguez-Reinoso Francisco , Rouquerol Jean , Sing Kenneth S.W. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Gas adsorption is an important tool for the characterisation of porous solids and fine powders. Major advances in recent years have made it necessary to update the 1985 IUPAC manual on Reporting Physisorption Data for Gas/Solid Systems. The aims of the present document are to clarify and standardise the presentation, nomenclature and methodology associated with the application of physisorption for surface area assessment and pore size analysis and to draw attention to remaining problems in the interpretation of physisorption data.