bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and survival patterns of cranial chordoma in the United States
Authors: Chambers Kyle J. , Lin Derrick T. , Meier Josh , Remenschneider Aaron , Herr Marc , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine trends in survival patterns for cranial chordoma in the United States.Study DesignA cross‐sectional analysis of a national healthcare database.MethodsAll cases of microscopically confirmed cranial chordoma between 1973 and 2009 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute were examined. Age‐adjusted incidence and survival rates were calculated and stratified by treatment. Additionally, in order to assess trends over time, comparisons in survival were conducted for 3 calendar year cohorts: 1975 to 1984, 1985 to 1994, and 1995 to 2004.ResultsA total of 594 cases of microscopically confirmed chordoma involving cranial sites were identified, which accounted for 42% of all chordomas. Age‐adjusted incidence rate (IR) of all chordomas was 0.089 per 100,000. Overall median survival time with surgery plus radiation was 9.2 years. Age and treatment modality were found to influence patient survival. Specifically, age > 50 years was associated with a significant increase in mortality rate (P < .05). Five‐year survival for the 1975 to 1984, 1985 to 1994, and 1995 to 2004 cohort was 48.5%, 73.0%, and 80.7%, respectively, with improved survival in the more recent cohorts (P < 0.01).ConclusionThis study provides new data regarding survival patterns of cranial chordoma in the United States, with a trend toward improvement in survival in recent decades.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 124:1097–1102, 2014
Cochlear implant fixation using a subperiosteal tight pocket without either suture or bone‐recess technique
Authors: Jethanamest Daniel , Channer Guyan A. , Moss William J. , Lustig Lawrence R. , Telischi Fred F. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess the complication and migration rates associated with the fixation of cochlear implant receiver‐stimulators using a subperiosteal tight pocket without either suture fixation or bone recession.Study DesignDual‐institution retrospective case review.MethodsA retrospective case review was conducted at two tertiary referral centers. All patients who underwent cochlear implantation with device fixation using a subperiosteal tight pocket without suturing over the device or recessing of the receiver stimulator in bone were identified. There was a minimum follow‐up period of 6 months. Outcome measures included intraoperative and postoperative complications, including evidence of device migration associated with interference with external device use or the need for revision surgery. Other outcome measures included soft tissue flap complications.ResultsSixty‐two patients were identified with a mean age of 39 years, (range 1.5–5 years). The average follow‐up period was 32.6 months (range 6–120 months). Device manufacturers included Cochlear Corporation (Denver, CO) (n = 44), MED‐EL (Durham, NC) (n = 12), and Advanced Bionics (Valencia, CA) (n = 6). There were no associated intraoperative complications related to subperiosteal pocket fixation of the receiver stimulator, and no cases of migration were identified.ConclusionFixation of the cochlear implant receiver stimulator using a subperiosteal tight pocket without either suture fixation or bone recession has been demonstrated to be feasible across a range of patient demographics and cochlear implant devices. This method of fixation appears to allow for an efficient and minimally invasive approach without compromising patient safety or device performance.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1674–1677, 2014
U. S. practice variations in the treatment of chronic laryngopharyngeal neuropathy
Authors: DePietro Joseph D. , Stein Daniel J. , Calloway Nathan , Cohen Seth M. , Noordzij Pieter J. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate differences in evaluation and workup of laryngopharyngeal neuropathy in a population of general otolaryngologists and fellowship‐trained laryngologists.Study DesignSurvey.MethodsMembers of the American Laryngological Association (ALA) and a general otolaryngologist database from the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) were surveyed. A questionnaire was e‐mailed or mailed to 179 members of the ALA and 900 members from the AAO‐HNS database.ResultsResponses were received from 43 subjects in the ALA group (24.5%) and 96 in the AAO‐HNS database group (10.6%). Compared to the general otolaryngologists surveyed, ALA members were found to be more likely to practice in academics (79.6% vs. 6.6%) and to have been fellowship trained (79.5% vs. 16.5%). Among the general otolaryngologists, 44.6% reported being unfamiliar with laryngopharyngeal neuropathy compared to 0% from the ALA group (P < .0001). After accounting for the respondents unfamiliar with the condition, the general otolaryngologists reported being less comfortable in diagnosing laryngopharyngeal neuropathy (P < .0001) and were more concerned about the over‐diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux when compared to the ALA (P = .0030).ConclusionGeneral otolaryngologists and fellowship‐trained laryngologist have several differences in the knowledge, workup, and treatment of chronic laryngopharyngeal neuropathy. This may translate to unnecessary treatments and tests for effected patients and should be addressed with further education targeting general otolaryngologists.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:955–960, 2014
Association of rhinosinusitis with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A population‐based study
Authors: Hung Shih‐Han , Chen Po‐Yueh , Lin Herng‐Ching , Ting Jonathan , Chung Shiu‐Dong 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough it is already known that the inflammation process elevates the risk of developing cancer, to date the association between rhinosinusitis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association between rhinosinusitis and NPC based on a nationwide database.Study DesignCase‐control study.MethodsIn total, the cases comprised of 2,242 subjects with NPC and 6,726 randomly selected subjects as controls. Separate conditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for having been previously diagnosed with chronic and acute rhinosinusitis between the cases and controls.ResultsOf the total sample, 607subjects (6.77%) had been diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis prior to the index date: 322 (14.36%) cases with NPC and 285 (4.24%) controls (P < .001). A conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that the OR of prior chronic rhinosinusitis for subjects with NPC is 3.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.23‐4.53) as compared to controls after adjusting for the factors of income, urbanization, geographic location, tobacco use disorder, and alcohol abuse/dependence syndrome. Furthermore, 1,199 (53.48%) cases and 2,938 (42.19%) controls had been diagnosed with acute rhinosinusitis prior to the index date (P < .001).The adjusted OR of prior acute rhinosinusitis for subjects with NPC was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.43‐1.73) that of controls.ConclusionsThis study detected an association between NPC and rhinosinusitis. We recommend that patients who are diagnosed with rhinosinusitis, either acute or chronic, seek out aggressive management to reduce the tissue burden and lower the risk of subsequently developing NPC.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 124:1515–1520, 2014
Voice quality after treatment of T1a glottic cancer
Authors: Laoufi Samia , Mirghani Haïtham , Janot François , Hartl Dana M. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare voice handicap and quality of life after radiotherapy (RT) versus transoral laser surgery (LS) for T1a glottic carcinoma.Study DesignRetrospective study (1996–2011) of patients treated with RT or LS for T1a glottic squamous cell carcinoma with curative intent.MethodsDisease‐free patients were assessed using Voice Handicap Index (VHI 30) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Head and Neck Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ‐HN35) questionnaires.ResultsOf 147 patients, 95 (65%) completed the questionnaires: fifty‐one patients an average of 8 years after RT and 44 patients an average of 4 years after LS (no difference in age or sex ratio). The average total VHI 30 was 13.1 for RT and 29.2 for LS (P < .0001), with average emotional, physical and functional subscores significantly different. The average total EORTC QLQ‐HN35 was 37.7 for RT versus 40.7 for LS (P = .7), with a difference only in the speaking subscore (P = .04).ConclusionsLong‐term subjective voice‐related quality of life was worse after LS, with no difference in other domains. These results should be interpreted in light of the biases inherent in retrospective studies.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1398–1401, 2014
The Effect of a Speaking Valve on Laryngeal Aspiration and Penetration in Children With Tracheotomies
Authors: Ongkasuwan Julina , Turk Catherine L. , Rappazzo Christina A. , Lavergne Katherine A. , Smith E. O'Brian , Friedman Ellen M. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisAlterations in swallowing can occur after tracheotomy and can result in varying degrees of aspiration. In tracheotomized adult patients, use of a Passy Muir Speaking Valve (PMV) has been shown to decrease laryngeal penetration and aspiration of foods and liquids. The objective of this study was to determine if the PMV has a similar effect on laryngeal penetration and aspiration in tracheotomized children.Study DesignThis is a prospective case‐control study.MethodsPediatric patients with tracheotomies who were able to tolerate the PMV were identified. Modified barium swallow (MBS) was performed with and without the PMV. Two consistencies, thin liquids and purées, were used. Two speech language pathologists (SLPs), who were blinded to the PMV status, reviewed the recorded MBSs. Three swallows of each consistency were graded on an 8 point Penetration‐Aspiration Scale. Residue in the vallecula, piriform sinuses, and posterior pharyngeal wall was graded.ResultsTwelve patients were included for analysis. Laryngeal penetration and aspiration was decreased with purées over liquids (P = 0.5 and P = 0.005, respectively) with either the sham valve or the PMV. The presence of the PMV decreased piriform sinus residue (P = 0.01); however, it did not demonstrate a decrease in laryngeal aspiration or penetration.ConclusionUnlike in adults, the presence of PMV did not decrease laryngeal aspiration or penetration in children with tracheotomies. It did, however, improve piriform sinus residue.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 124:1469–1474, 2014
A preliminary report of percutaneous craniofacial osteoplasty in a rat calvarium
Authors: Parkes William J. , Greywoode Jewel , O'Hara Brian J. , Heffelfinger Ryan N. , Krein Howard 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the potential for injectable, permanent bone augmentation by assessing the biocompatability and bioactivity of subperiosteal hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) deposition in a rat model.Study DesignRandomized controlled animal model.MethodsFourteen adult Sprague Dawley rats were injected in the parietal skull with 0.2 ml of hydroxylapatite (10 animals) or 0.2 ml of a carrier gel control (4 animals), using a subperiosteal injection technique on the right and a subcutaneous injection technique on the left. At 1, 3, and 6 months, three rats (1 negative control, 2 variables) were sacrificed and the calvaria were harvested. At 12 months, the remaining five rats were sacrificed. After each harvest, the specimens were processed and then examined under both light and polarized microscopy for new bone growth at the injection sites.ResultsThe inflammatory response was limited with both hydroxylapatite and carrier injections. Injectables were still present 12 months after the injection. New bone formation was only observed when the injection was located deep to a disrupted periosteum The odds of new bone formation was 48.949 times higher (95% confidence intervals CI [2.637, 3759.961]; P = 0.002) with subperiosteal hydroxylapatite injections compared to all other combinations of injection plane and injectable.ConclusionsThis preliminary report of subperiosteal hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) injection in a rat model has verified the biocompatibility of injectable hydroxylapatite at the bony interface and suggests the potential for new bone formation.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 124:1550–1553, 2014
Cricopharyngeal achalasia in children: Botulinum toxin injection as a tool for diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Scholes Melissa A. , McEvoy Timothy , Mousa Hayat , Wiet Gregory J. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisCharacteristics and outcomes of pediatric patients undergoing cricopharyngeus injection with botulinum toxin for the treatment of cricopharyngeal achalasia were reviewed. A parental telephone survey was performed to assess improvement and satisfaction.Study DesignRetrospective review of patients who underwent injection of the cricopharyngeus with botulinum toxin for cricopharyngeal achalasia. A prospective survey of postoperative symptoms and parental satisfaction was also performed.MethodsAfter institutional review board approval, children with cricopharyngeal achalasia who underwent injection with botulinum toxin were identified. Specific parameters were recorded for each patient. A survey of the parents' satisfaction and subjective improvement was then conducted.ResultsSix children were identified with cricopharyngeal achalasia, with an age range of 3 months to 10 years. Symptoms varied and five of the six children required some form of altered nutrition. Preoperative studies varied, and the number of injections ranged from one to three per patient. One child had transient worsening of aspiration. Two children benefited from injections and went on to myotomy, while four children did not require myotomy and their symptoms were treated with injections alone.A parental survey was performed via telephone. All parents were satisfied with the procedure. Three children were symptom‐free, and three children still exhibit some dysphagia.ConclusionsBotulinum toxin injection is a useful tool to help diagnose and treat pediatric cricopharyngeal achalasia. More research is needed to elucidate optimal dosing, frequency of injections, and when to move on to surgical intervention.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1475–1480, 2014
New Insights on the Self‐Organization of PEG/α‐Cyclodextrin‐Based Polyrotaxanes in Solution: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Peña‐Bahamonde Janire , Atencia José Joaquín , Pozuelo Javier , Tarazona María Pilar , Mendicuti Francisco 
Published: October 2013

Size exclusion chromatography coupled with light scattering (SEC/MALS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence, as well as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study the behavior of several poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/α‐cyclodextrins (αCDs) polyrotaxanes (PRs) in solution. The number of CD units in any of the PRs studied is always smaller than that required to saturate the PEG chains. These PRs seem to aggregate in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution. The presence of hairpins in the non‐saturated PRs contributes to diminishing their expected large dimensions. Intra‐ and inter­molecular interactions and forces responsible for hairpins and aggregation are investigated.
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The Control of Silica Nanoparticles on the Phase Separation of Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) Blends
Authors: Li Weizhen , l'Abee Roy M. A. , Goossens Johannes G. P. 
Published: October 2013

The influence of silica nanoparticles on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase behavior and phase‐separation kinetics of a blend consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN), is studied via a high‐throughput experimentation (HTE) approach, which combines a composition (φ) and a temperature (T) gradient. The evolution of the phase‐separation process is studied by optical microscopy (OM), small‐angle light scattering (SALS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Depending on the specific interaction between the silica surface and the polymers, the distribution of silica particles during phase separation can be controlled to be either in one of the polymer phases or at the PMMA/SAN interface. The hydrophilic silica nanoparticles preferentially migrate to the PMMA phase, leading to a slow down of the coarsening rate, which may be related to a reduction of the mobility of PMMA due to an increase of the silica concentration. The hydrophobic silica nanoparticles are localized at the PMMA/SAN interface, and the inhibition of coalescence corresponds to the presence of a solid barrier (the nanoparticles) between the polymers, which prevents the coarsening process.
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Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐Modified Styrene‐Butadiene Rubber as Thermoresponsive Material
Authors: Hermann Alexandra , Mruk Ralf , Roskamp Robert F. , Scherer Martin , Ma Liqing , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: October 2013

Narrowly distributed (N‐isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAM) polymers are prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. After successful cleavage of the trithiocarbonate end groups (thiol generation), they can be grafted to styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) by a radical thiol‐ene reaction leading to various grafted SBR‐copolymers. During the grafting reaction, no crosslinking or branching of the SBR can be observed. Measurements of the contact angle of water show that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) properties of the PNIPAM fraction affect the SBR. Films of the graft‐copolymer exhibit a distinct hydrophilicity below the LCST, while they show hydrophobic behavior above the LCST. Rheological measurements reveal a physical crosslinking of the functionalized SBR due to nanophase separation of the PNIPAM chains (hard phase) in the unpolar SBR. Compared with blends of SBR and PNIPAM, the PNIPAM‐grafted SBR possesses a much finer distribution of the PNIPAM domains (10–30 nm) within the matrix. In addition, two novel difunctional chain‐transfer agents are used, leading to difunctional PNIPAM, enabling a covalent crosslinking of SBR.
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Revival of the R‐Group Approach: A “CTA‐shuttled” Grafting from Approach for Well‐Defined Cylindrical Polymer Brushes via RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Zheng Zhicheng , Ling Jun , Müller Axel H. E. 
Published: October 2013

The synthesis of well‐defined cylindrical polymer brushes (CPBs) from a linear polymer backbone with a high density of RAFT functionalities (“grafting from” approach) is challenging when the chain transfer agent (CTA) is attached to the backbone via its R‐group. It is proposed that the difficulties of the R‐group approach in controlling the grafting polymerization are induced by the “entrapment” of active free radicals within individual growing CPBs. A facile “CTA‐shuttled” R‐group approach overcoming this entrapment effect is developed, and used to synthesize well‐defined CPBs with polystyrene or poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) branches and core–shell CPBs with polystyrene‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) branches. The polydispersity index (PDI = 1.23) of the obtained CPBs with polystyrene branches is much lower than that from the conventional R‐group approach (PDI = 2.18). Monte Carlo simulations confirm that the advantage of the “CTA‐shuttled” R‐group approach consists in the release of the active radicals from the trapping CPB systems.
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Single‐Chain Self‐Folding of Synthetic Polymers Induced by Metal–Ligand Complexation
Authors: Willenbacher Johannes , Altintas Ozcan , Roesky Peter W. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: October 2013

The controlled folding of a single polymer chain is for the first time realized by metal‐ complexation. α,ω‐Bromine functional linear polymers are prepared via activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP (,SEC = 5900 g mol−1, Đ = 1.07 and 12 000 g mol−1, Đ = 1.06) and the end groups of the polymers are subsequently converted to azide functionalities. A copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction is carried out in the presence of a novel triphenylphosphine ligand and the polymers to afford homotelechelic bis‐triphenylphosphine polymeric‐macroligands (MLs) (,SEC = 6600 g mol−1, Đ = 1.07, and 12 800 g mol−1, Đ = 1.06). Single‐chain metal complexes (SCMCs) are formed in the presence of Pd(II) ions in highly diluted solution at ambient temperature. The results derived via 1H and 31P{1H} NMR experiments, SEC, and DLS unambiguously evidence the efficient formation of SCMCs via metal ligand complexation.
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Unexpected Cononsolvency Behavior of Poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐Based Microgels
Authors: Heppner Ian N. , Islam Molla R. , Serpe Michael J. 
Published: October 2013

Poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm)‐based microgels undergo a transition from fully water swollen (solvated) to deswollen (desolvated) as the temperature of the water they are dissolved in is increased >32 °C. In this submission, we examine how the temperature of this transition, i.e., the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT), depends on the concentration of methanol (MeOH) in water the microgels are dissolved in. To accomplish this, pNIPAm‐based etalons are utilized, and it is shown that the VPTT for the microgels is much less than that previously observed for linear pNIPAm and pNIPAm‐based microgels. Furthermore, and most interestingly, it is determined that the microgels can collapse in solutions containing high MeOH (>∼65% MeOH) concentration. This is in contrast to previous studies, which show that no VPTT is observed for pNIPAm in aqueous solutions containing >∼65% MeOH.
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Hollow Polydimethylsiloxane Beads with a Porous Structure for Cell Encapsulation
Authors: Oh Myeong‐Jin , Ryu Tae‐Kyoung , Choi S.‐W. 
Published: October 2013

Based on a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water emulsion system, porous and hollow polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) beads containing cells using a simple fluidic device with three flow channels are fabricated. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in the PDMS oil phase is served as a porogen for pore development. The feasibility of the porous PDMS beads prepared with different PEG concentrations (10, 20, and 30 wt%) for cell encapsulation in terms of pore size, protein diffusion, and cell proliferation inside the PDMS beads is evaluated. The PDMS beads prepared with PEG 30 wt% are exhibited a highly porous structure and facilitated fast diffusion of protein from the core domain to the outer phase, eventually leading to enhanced cell proliferation. The results clearly indicate that hollow PDMS beads with a porous structure could provide a favorable microenvironment for cell survival due to the large porous structure.
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