bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fitting Compton peaks from first principles in x‐ray fluorescence spectra
Authors: Tee B. P. E. , Ganly B. , Mcllquham J. D. , Giang P. , Van Haarlem Y. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA method to fit Compton profiles in x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy using a line shape calculated from first principles is proposed. The fitting procedure incorporates the Compton profile calculations and the double Compton scattering line shape algorithm. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the fitting approach in accurately describing the measured scattering spectra, with good agreement observed between the fit and experimental data. The findings of this study can be used for more accurate characterization of the scattering peaks in XRF spectroscopy.
DK/Dπ scattering and an exotic virtual bound state at the SU(3) flavour symmetric point from lattice QCD
Authors: Yeo J. Daniel E. , Thomas Christopher E. , Wilson David J. ,   for the Hadron Spectrum collaboration
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Elastic S-wave scattering of a charm meson with a light pseudoscalar meson in JP = 0+ is investigated in the flavour $$ \overline{\textbf{3}} $$

3
¯

, 6 and $$ \overline{\textbf{15}} $$

15
¯

sectors at the SU(3)f flavour point using lattice QCD, working on three volumes with mπ ≈ 700 MeV. Large bases of interpolating operators are employed to extract finite-volume spectra, which are subsequently used with the Lüscher method to provide constraints on infinite-volume scattering amplitudes. Examining the singularities of the amplitudes, the S-wave amplitude in the flavour $$ \overline{\textbf{3}} $$

3
¯

sector is found to contain a deeply bound state, strongly coupled to elastic threshold, corresponding to the $$ {J}^P={0}^{+}\ {D}_{s0}^{\ast }(2317) $$

J
P

=

0
+

D

s
0

∗

2317

. In the exotic flavour 6 sector a virtual bound state is found at $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{pole}}} $$

s
pole

= 2510 – 2610 MeV, roughly 40 – 140 MeV below threshold, whereas the $$ \overline{\textbf{15}} $$

15
¯

channel shows weak repulsion.
A smoking gun signature of the 3HDM
Authors: Dey A. , Keus V. , Moretti S. , Shepherd-Themistocleous C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We analyse new signals of a 3-Higgs Doublet Model (3HDM) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) where only one doublet acquires a Vacuum Expectation Value (VEV), preserving a Z2 parity. The other two doublets are inert and do not develop a VEV, leading to a dark scalar sector controlled by Z2, with the lightest CP-even dark scalar H1 being the Dark Matter (DM) candidate. This leads to the loop induced decay of the next-to-lightest scalar, $$ {H}_2\to {H}_1\ell \overline{\ell}\left(\ell =e,\mu \right) $$

H
2

→

H
1

ℓ

ℓ
¯

ℓ
=
e

μ

, mediated by both dark CP-odd neutral and charged scalars. This is a smoking-gun signal of the 3HDM since it is not allowed in the 2-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) with one inert doublet and is expected to be important when H2 and H1 are close in mass. In practice, this signature can be observed in the cascade decay of the SM-like Higgs boson, $$ h\to {H}_1{H}_2\to {H}_1{H}_1\ell \overline{\ell} $$
h
→

H
1

H
2

→

H
1

H
1

ℓ

ℓ
¯

into two DM particles and di-leptons or $$ h\to {H}_2{H}_2\to {H}_1{H}_1\ell \overline{\ell}\ell \overline{\ell} $$
h
→

H
2

H
2

→

H
1

H
1

ℓ

ℓ
¯

ℓ

ℓ
¯

into two DM particles and four-leptons, where h is produced from gluon-gluon Fusion. In order to test the feasibility of these channels at the LHC, we devise some benchmarks, compliant with collider, DM and cosmological data, for which the interplay between these production and decay modes is discussed. In particular, we show that the resulting detector signatures, "Image missing" or "Image missing", with the invariant mass of $$ \ell \overline{\ell} $$
ℓ

ℓ
¯

pairs much smaller than mZ, can potentially be extracted already from Run 3 data and at the High-Luminosity phase of the LHC.
Epigenetic regulation of DNA repair gene program by Hippo/YAP1-TET1 axis mediates sorafenib resistance in HCC
Authors: Mo Chunli , You Weixin , Rao Yipeng , Lin Zhenping , Wang Shuai , He Ting , Shen Huanming , Li Xun , Zhang Rui , Li Boan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy that occurs worldwide and is generally associated with poor prognosis. The development of resistance to targeted therapies such as sorafenib is a major challenge in clinical cancer treatment. In the present study, Ten-eleven translocation protein 1 (TET1) was found to be highly expressed in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and knockdown of TET1 can substantially improve the therapeutic effect of sorafenib on HCC, indicating the potential important roles of TET1 in sorafenib resistance in HCC. Mechanistic studies determined that TET1 and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) synergistically regulate the promoter methylation and gene expression of DNA repair-related genes in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. RNA sequencing indicated the activation of DNA damage repair signaling was extensively suppressed by the TET1 inhibitor Bobcat339. We also identified TET1 as a direct transcriptional target of YAP1 by promoter analysis and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Furthermore, we showed that Bobcat339 can overcome sorafenib resistance and synergized with sorafenib to induce tumor eradication in HCC cells and mouse models. Finally, immunostaining showed a positive correlation between TET1 and YAP1 in clinical samples. Our findings have identified a previously unrecognized molecular pathway underlying HCC sorafenib resistance, thus revealing a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
Graphical Abstract
Higher fibre and lower carbohydrate intake are associated with favourable CGM metrics in a cross-sectional cohort of 470 individuals with type 1 diabetes
Authors: de Wit Douwe F. , Fuhri Snethlage Coco M. , Rampanelli Elena , Maasen Kim , Walpot Noortje , van Raalte Daniël H. , Nieuwdorp Max , Soeters Maarten R. , Hanssen Nordin M. J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this work was to investigate the association between macronutrient intakes and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
In 470 individuals with type 1 diabetes of the GUTDM1 cohort (65% female, median age 40 [IQR 28–53] years, median diabetes duration 15 [IQR 6–29] years), we used logistic regression to establish associations between macronutrient intakes and the CGM metrics time in range (TIR, time spent between 3.9–10.0 mmol/l blood glucose, optimally set at ≥70%) and time below range (TBR, <3.9 mmol/l blood glucose, optimally set at <4%). ORs were expressed per 1 SD intake of nutrient and were adjusted for other macronutrient intakes, age, sex, socioeconomic status, BMI, duration of type 1 diabetes, pump use, insulin dose and alcohol intake.

Results
The median (IQR) TIR was 67 (51–80)% and TBR was 2 (1–4)%; the mean ± SD energy intake was 6879±2001 kJ, fat intake 75±31 g, carbohydrate intake 162±63 g, fibre intake 20±9 g and protein intake 70±24 g. A higher fibre intake and a lower carbohydrate intake were associated with higher odds of having a TIR≥70% (OR [95% CI] 1.64 [1.22, 2.24] and 0.67 [0.51, 0.87], respectively), whereas solely a higher carbohydrate intake was associated with TBR<4% (OR 1.34 [95% CI 1.02, 1.78]).

Conclusions/interpretation
A higher fibre intake is independently associated with a higher TIR. A higher carbohydrate intake is associated with less time spent in hypoglycaemia, a lower TIR and a higher time above range. These findings warrant confirmatory (interventional) investigations and may impact current nutritional guidelines for type 1 diabetes.

Graphical Abstract
Technology advances in diabetes pregnancy: right technology, right person, right time
Authors: McLean Anna , Maple-Brown Louise , Murphy Helen R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis review outlines some of the extraordinary recent advances in diabetes technology, which are transforming the management of type 1 diabetes before, during and after pregnancy. It highlights recent improvements associated with use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) but acknowledges that neither CGM nor insulin pump therapy are adequate for achieving the pregnancy glucose targets. Furthermore, even hybrid closed-loop (HCL) systems that are clinically effective outside of pregnancy may not confer additional benefits throughout pregnancy. To date, there is only one HCL system, the CamAPS FX, with a strong evidence base for use during pregnancy, suggesting that the pregnancy benefits are HCL system specific. This is in stark contrast to HCL system use outside of pregnancy, where benefits are HCL category specific. The CamAPS FX HCL system has a rapidly adaptive algorithm and lower glucose targets with benefits across all maternal glucose categories, meaning that it is applicable for all women with type 1 diabetes, before and during pregnancy. For women of reproductive years living with type 2 diabetes, the relative merits of using non-insulin pharmacotherapies vs diabetes technology (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium−glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors) are unknown. Despite the urgent unmet need and potential benefits, studies of pharmacotherapy and technology use are extremely limited in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes.
Graphical Abstract
High-throughput combination assay for studying biofilm formation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Li M. , Cruz C. D. , Ilina P. , Tammela P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUropathogenic Escherichia coli, the most common cause for urinary tract infections, forms biofilm enhancing its antibiotic resistance. To assess the effects of compounds on biofilm formation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli UMN026 strain, a high-throughput combination assay using resazurin followed by crystal violet staining was optimized for 384-well microplate. Optimized assay parameters included, for example, resazurin and crystal violet concentrations, and incubation time for readouts. For the assay validation, quality parameters Z′ factor, coefficient of variation, signal-to-noise, and signal-to-background were calculated. Microplate uniformity, signal variability, edge well effects, and fold shift were also assessed. Finally, a screening with known antibacterial compounds was conducted to evaluate the assay performance. The best conditions found were achieved by using 12 µg/mL resazurin for 150 min and 0.023% crystal violet. This assay was able to detect compounds displaying antibiofilm activity against UMN026 strain at sub-inhibitory concentrations, in terms of metabolic activity and/or biomass.
Graphical Abstract
A Generalized $$\Gamma $$-Convergence Concept for a Class of Equilibrium Problems
Authors: Hintermüller Michael , Stengl Steven-Marian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA novel generalization of $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-convergence applicable to a class of equilibrium problems is studied. After the introduction of the latter, a variety of its applications is discussed. The existence of equilibria with emphasis on Nash equilibrium problems is investigated. Subsequently, our $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-convergence notion for equilibrium problems is introduced and discussed as well as applied to a class of penalized generalized Nash equilibrium problems and quasi-variational inequalities. The work ends with a comparison of our results to previous generalizations in the literature.
Late diagnosis of anorectal malformation: how good is good enough?
Authors: Davidson Joseph , Zaparackaite Indre , Holbrook Charlotte , Thakkar Hemanshoo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
National data from the United Kingdom reported in 2016 have suggested that almost one quarter of babies with anorectal malformation (ARM) have a delay in diagnosis. The UK’s Newborn Infant Physical Examination dictates a perineal examination should be performed within 72 h of birth. We sought to describe a tertiary single-centre experience of late presentation in the most recent 5 years.

Methods
A single-centre prospective registry of ARM patients (July 2018–March 2024) was analysed. Timing of presentation with anomaly was noted. Patients presenting > 72 h or having been discharged home were defined as a delayed diagnosis. Factors associated with delayed diagnosis were noted.

Results
Sixty patients were included, of whom nine (15%) were diagnosed after 72 h [range 4–279 days]. This represents a non-significant improvement compared to 39/174 (22%) late diagnosed cases in the BAPS-CASS cohort from 2016 to 17 (p = 0.188). Presenting symptoms of obstruction (i.e. distension, vomiting, megarectum) were more common in late diagnosed patients (4/9 (44%) vs. 1/51(2%); p = 0.001). Anomalies producing meconium on the perineum were more likely to be diagnosed late (8/32 (25%) vs 1/28 (4%); p = 0.029). Complications and changes to clinical management for these cases are presented.

Conclusion
Although our regional rates of late diagnosis appear to be lower than previously reported national rates, there remains a significant number of infants who are diagnosed late especially those with visible perineal openings. These infants are more commonly symptomatic; entraining additional risks associated with an emergency presentation.
Persistent sodium currents in neurons: potential mechanisms and pharmacological blockers
Authors: Müller Peter , Draguhn Andreas , Egorov Alexei V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPersistent sodium current (INaP) is an important activity-dependent regulator of neuronal excitability. It is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including pacemaking, prolongation of sensory potentials, neuronal injury, chronic pain and diseases such as epilepsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Despite its importance, neither the molecular basis nor the regulation of INaP are sufficiently understood. Of particular significance is a solid knowledge and widely accepted consensus about pharmacological tools for analysing the function of INaP and for developing new therapeutic strategies. However, the literature on INaP is heterogeneous, with varying definitions and methodologies used across studies. To address these issues, we provide a systematic review of the current state of knowledge on INaP, with focus on mechanisms and effects of this current in the central nervous system. We provide an overview of the specificity and efficacy of the most widely used INaP blockers: amiodarone, cannabidiol, carbamazepine, cenobamate, eslicarbazepine, ethosuximide, gabapentin, GS967, lacosamide, lamotrigine, lidocaine, NBI-921352, oxcarbazepine, phenytoine, PRAX-562, propofol, ranolazine, riluzole, rufinamide, topiramate, valproaic acid and zonisamide. We conclude that there is strong variance in the pharmacological effects of these drugs, and in the available information. At present, GS967 and riluzole can be regarded bona fide INaP blockers, while phenytoin and lacosamide are blockers that only act on the slowly inactivating component of sodium currents.
Quantitative limit theorems and bootstrap approximations for empirical spectral projectors
Authors: Jirak Moritz , Wahl Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGiven finite i.i.d. samples in a Hilbert space with zero mean and trace-class covariance operator $$\Sigma $$
Σ
, the problem of recovering the spectral projectors of $$\Sigma $$
Σ
naturally arises in many applications. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding distributional approximations of the spectral projectors of the empirical covariance operator $${\hat{\Sigma }}$$

Σ
^

, and offer a dimension-free framework where the complexity is characterized by the so-called relative rank of $$\Sigma $$
Σ
. In this setting, novel quantitative limit theorems and bootstrap approximations are presented subject to mild conditions in terms of moments and spectral decay. In many cases, these even improve upon existing results in a Gaussian setting.
A multi-population-based marine predators algorithm to train artificial neural network
Authors: Özkış Ahmet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMarine predators algorithm (MPA) is one of the recently proposed metaheuristic algorithms. In the MPA, position update mechanisms are implemented, emphasizing global search in the first part of the search process, balanced search in the middle, and local search in the last part. This may adversely affect the local search capability of the algorithm in the first part of the search process and the global search capability in the last part of the search process. To overcome these issues, an algorithm called MultiPopMPA with a multi-population and multi-search strategy is proposed in this study. Thanks to the proposed algorithm, local, balanced, and global search strategies of the original MPA were utilized from the beginning to the end of the search process. Thus, it is aimed to contribute to a more detailed search of the parameter space. In this study, the proposed algorithm has been applied in training artificial neural networks for 21 different classification datasets. The success of the algorithm has been scored on precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score metrics and compared with eight different metaheuristic algorithms, including the original MPA. In terms of the mean rank of success, the proposed MultiPopMPA has been ranked first in precision, sensitivity, and F1-score metrics and ranked second in the specificity metric. In addition, it has been observed that the proposed algorithm outperforms its competitors in most cases in terms of convergence and stability. Finally, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test results calculated through the MSE metric showed that the proposed algorithm produced statistically significant results in most cases.
Three novel Enterobacter cloacae bacteriophages for therapeutic use from Ghanaian natural waters
Authors: Lyytinen O. L. , Dapuliga C. , Wallinger D. , Patpatia S. , Audu B. J. , Kiljunen S. J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInfections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a growing global concern. Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) species are particularly adept at developing antibiotic resistance. Phage therapy is proposed as an alternative treatment for pathogens that no longer respond to antibiotics. Unfortunately, ECC phages are understudied when compared to phages of many other bacterial species. In this Ghanaian-Finnish study, we isolated two ECC strains from ready-to-eat food samples and three novel phages from natural waters against these strains. We sequenced the genomic DNA of the novel Enterobacter phages, fGh-Ecl01, fGh-Ecl02, and fGh-Ecl04, and assessed their therapeutic potential. All of the phages were found to be lytic, easy to propagate, and lacking any toxic, integrase, or antibiotic resistance genes and were thus considered suitable for therapy purposes. They all were found to be related to T4-type viruses: fGh-Ecl01 and fGh-Ecl04 to karamviruses and fGh-Ecl02 to agtreviruses. Testing of Finnish clinical ECC strains showed promising susceptibility to these novel phages. As many as 61.1% of the strains were susceptible to fGh-Ecl01 and fGh-Ecl04, and 7.4% were susceptible to fGh-Ecl02. Finally, we investigated the susceptibility of the newly isolated ECC strains to three antibiotics – meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and cefepime – in combination with the novel phages. The use of phages and antibiotics together had synergistic effects. When using an antibiotic-phage combination, even low concentrations of antibiotics fully inhibited the growth of bacteria.
Biofilm inhibition of denture cleaning tablets and carvacrol on denture bases produced with different techniques
Authors: Sahin Zeynep , Ozer Nazire Esra , Calı Abdulhamit 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study compares the biofilm inhibition effects of denture cleaning tablets, carvacrol, and their combined use against Candida albicans on denture bases produced with different techniques. Additionally, the surface roughness and contact angles of these denture bases were evaluated.

Materials and methods
Test samples were prepared from four different denture base materials (cold-polymerized, heat-polymerized, CAD/CAM milling, and 3D-printed). The surface roughness and contact angles of the test samples were measured using a profilometer and goniometer, respectively. For the evaluation of biofilm inhibition, samples were divided into 5 subgroups: Corega and carvacrol, separately and combined treatments, positive (inoculated with C. albicans) and negative control (non-inoculated with C. albicans, only medium). Biofilm mass was determined using the crystal violet method. An additional prepared test sample for each subgroup was examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results
The surface roughness values of the 3D-printed test samples were found to be statistically higher than the other groups (P < .001). The water contact angle of all test materials was not statistically different from each other (P > .001). Corega and carvacrol, separately and combined, significantly decreased the amount of biofilm on all surfaces (P < .0001). Treatment of corega alone and in combination with carvacrol to the 3D-printed material caused less C. albicans inhibition than the other groups (P < .001; P < .05).

Conclusions
The surface roughness values of all test groups were within the clinically acceptable threshold. Although Corega and carvacrol inhibited C. albicans biofilms, their combined use did not show a synergistic effect.

Clinical relevance
Carvacrol may be used as one of the disinfectant agents for denture cleaning due to its biofilm inhibition property.
Clover in vineyards, a potential trap plant for the mealybug Pseudococcus calceolariae—a vector of GLRaV-3 to grapevines but not clover species
Authors: Gough Rebecca , Chooi Kar Mun , Sandanayaka Manoharie , Davis Vicky , Hedderley Duncan , Taylor Tara , Cohen Daniel , Prator Cecilia A. , Almeida Rodrigo P. P. , Bell Vaughn A. , MacDiarmid Robin M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGrapevine leafroll disease (GLD) affects grapevines worldwide. The primary causal agent of GLD is grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), which spreads to uninfected grapevines via mealybugs and soft-scale insects. Pseudococcus calceolariae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a mealybug vector of GLRaV-3 in New Zealand. P. calceolariae also colonizes clovers (Trifolium spp.) growing naturally as vineyard ground cover. Separating mealybug from GLRaV-3 grapevine host could be enhanced by a trap plant: an alternative host attractive to and retentive of the target pest. We evaluated the association between P. calceolariae and ‘Grasslands Huia’ white clover (GHWC). GHWC seed was sown under grapevines in a commercial vineyard (14 × 0.4 ha plots); the control was under-vine herbicide use (7 × 0.4 ha plots, where only few Trifolium spp. plants grew). After 2 years, GHWC cover peaked at 40% mealybug infestation in 2019. From 2018 to 2021, P. calceolariae detection and abundance on GHWC was significantly higher than plants from the control plots. There was no treatment effect for mealybug infestation of grapevine leaves nor of GLRaV-3 incidence, independent of vintage. A glasshouse trial found no transmission of GLRaV-3 by P. calceolariae to any of 256 plants among five clover cultivars tested (Trifolium spp.), including GHWC; mealybug transmitted GLRaV-3 to 35 of 107 Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The results showed that in the 5-year period, added GHWC did not decouple P. calceolariae from the grapevine to reduce GLRaV-3 incidence, but rapid colonization of GHWC by mealybug and the lack of GLRaV-3 transmission to GHWC are encouraging. Further evaluation is needed to assess whether plant biodiversity can benefit a GLRaV-3 ecological management objective.
Generalized Bounded Distortion Property
Authors: Borissov Gregory , Monakov Grigorii 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe prove the nonstationary bounded distortion property for $$C^{1 + \varepsilon }$$

C

1
+
ε

smooth dynamical systems on multidimensional spaces. The results we obtain are motivated by potential application to study of spectral properties of discrete Schrödinger operators with potentials generated by Sturmian sequences.