bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced fasting plasma levels of diazepam‐binding inhibitor in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Conti Elisa , Tremolizzo Lucio , Bomba Monica , Uccellini Orlando , Rossi Maria Sara , Raggi Maria Elisabetta , Neri Francesca , Ferrarese Carlo , Nacinovich Renata 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveAltered expression and/or function, both peripherally and centrally, of various neuropeptides is involved in the neurophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). Diazepam‐binding inhibitor (DBI) is an interesting peptide for understanding this crosstalk. The aim of this work was to assess fasting plasma levels of DBI and leptin in patients with AN.MethodTwenty‐four AN adolescents were recruited together with 10 age‐comparable healthy controls. Neuropeptide determinations were performed on plasma samples by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Patients with AN were further characterized for the presence of a depressive state or anxiety by using, respectively, the Children's Depression Inventory or the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y.ResultsLevels of both plasma DBI and leptin were reduced in patients with AN (∼40 and ∼70%, respectively). DBI levels displayed a tendency to increase in the presence of a depressive state, although not with anxiety, whereas leptin levels correlated exclusively with body mass index.DiscussionThese data further extend our knowledge of neuropeptide dysfunction in AN, and plasma DBI may represent a marker for this disease, in particular considering its correlation with comorbid mood disorders. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:626–629)
Is outpatient cognitive remediation therapy feasible to use in randomized clinical trials for anorexia nervosa?
Authors: Lock James , Agras W. Stewart , Fitzpatrick Kathleen Kara , Bryson Susan W. , Jo Booil , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThere are limited data supporting specific treatments for adults with anorexia nervosa (AN). Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for adults with AN are characterized by high attrition limiting the feasibility of conducting and interpreting existing studies. High dropout rates may be related to the inflexible and obsessional cognitive style of patients with AN. This study evaluated the feasibility of using cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) to reduce attrition in RCTs for AN.MethodForty‐six participants (mean age of 22.7 years and mean duration of AN of 6.4 years) were randomized to receive eight sessions of either CRT or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) over 2 months followed by 16 sessions of CBT for 4 months.ResultsDuring the 2‐month CRT vs. CBT treatment, rates of attrition were lower in CRT (13%) compared with that of CBT (33%). There were greater improvements in cognitive inefficiencies in the CRT compared with that of the CBT group at the end of 2 months. There were no differences in other outcomes.DiscussionThese results suggest that CRT is acceptable and feasible for use in RCTs for outpatient treatment of AN. CRT may reduce attrition in the short term. Adequately powered future studies are needed to examine CRT as an outpatient treatment for AN. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:567–575)
Sex differences in binge eating patterns in male and female adult rats
Authors: Klump Kelly L. , Racine Sarah , Hildebrandt Britny , Sisk Cheryl L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveSeveral efforts are underway to model binge eating in animals in order to advance neurobiological models of risk. However, knowledge of sex differences in these models is currently lacking. The goal of the present study was to examine sex differences in binge eating phenotypes using a well‐established rodent model (i.e., the binge eating resistant/binge eating prone model).MethodThirty male and 30 female adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to feeding tests consisting of intermittent access to palatable food (PF). Rats were then categorized as binge eating prone (BEP) based on the amount and consistency of PF consumption across tests.ResultsAcross multiple methods for BEP classification, rates of BEP phenotypes were two to six times higher in female than male rats.DiscussionFindings provide support for sex differences in rodent models of binge eating and highlight the promise of the BER/BEP model for understanding neurobiological mechanisms underlying sex differences in risk. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:729–736)
Physical disturbance shapes vascular plant diversity more profoundly than fire in the sagebrush steppe of southeastern Idaho, U.S.A
Authors: Lavin Matt , Brummer Tyler J. , Quire Ryan , Maxwell Bruce D. , Rew Lisa J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFire is thought to profoundly change the ecology of the sagebrush steppe. The Idaho National Laboratory provides an ideal setting to compare the effects of fire and physical disturbance on plant diversity in high‐native‐cover sagebrush steppe. Seventy‐eight 1‐hectare transects were established along paved, green‐striped, gravel, and two‐track roads, in overgrazed rangeland, and within sagebrush steppe involving different fire histories. Transects were sampled for the diversity and abundance of all vascular plants. Alpha, beta, and phylogenetic beta diversity were analyzed as a response to fire and physical disturbance. Postfire vegetation readily rebounds to prefire levels of alpha plant diversity. Physical disturbance, in contrast, strongly shapes patterns of alpha, beta, and especially phylogenetic beta diversity much more profoundly than fire disturbance. If fire is a concern in the sagebrush steppe then the degree of physical‐disturbance should be more so. This finding is probably not specific to the study area but applicable to the northern and eastern portions of the sagebrush biome, which is characterized by a pulse of spring moisture and cold mean minimum winter temperatures. The distinction of sagebrush steppe from Great Basin sagebrush should be revised especially with regard to reseeding efforts and the control of annual grasses.
Limited contemporary gene flow and high self‐replenishment drives peripheral isolation in an endemic coral reef fish
Authors: van der Meer Martin H. , Horne John B. , Gardner Michael G. , Hobbs Jean‐Paul A. , Pratchett Morgan , van Herwerden Lynne 
Published: April 2013

AbstractExtensive ongoing degradation of coral reef habitats worldwide has lead to declines in abundance of coral reef fishes and local extinction of some species. Those most vulnerable are ecological specialists and endemic species. Determining connectivity between locations is vital to understanding recovery and long‐term persistence of these species following local extinction. This study explored population connectivity in the ecologically‐specialized endemic three‐striped butterflyfish (Chaetodon tricinctus) using mt and msatDNA(nuclear microsatellites) to distinguish evolutionary versus contemporary gene flow, estimate self‐replenishment and measure genetic diversity among locations at the remote Australian offshore coral reefs of Middleton Reef (MR), Elizabeth Reef (ER), Lord Howe Island (LHI), and Norfolk Island (NI). Mt and msatDNAsuggested genetic differentiation of the most peripheral location (NI) from the remaining three locations (MR,ER,LHI). Despite high levels of mtDNAgene flow, there is limited msatDNAgene flow with evidence of high levels of self‐replenishment (≥76%) at all four locations. Taken together, this suggests prolonged population recovery times following population declines. The peripheral population (NI) is most vulnerable to local extinction due to its relative isolation, extreme levels of self‐replenishment (95%), and low contemporary abundance.
(E)‐2‐Cyano‐3‐(5′‐piperidin‐1‐yl‐2,2′‐bithien‐5‐yl)acrylic Acid: A Fluorescent Probe for Detecting Prefibrillar Oligomers
Authors: Attanasio Francesco , Bonaccorso Carmela , Bellia Francesco , Cataldo Sebastiano , Fortuna Cosimo G. , Musumarra Giuseppe , Pignataro Bruno , Rizzarelli Enrico 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of (E)‐2‐cyano‐3‐(5′‐piperidin‐1‐yl‐2,2′‐bithien‐5‐yl)acrylic acid, a novel amyloid aggregation fluorescent probe, is reported. This new probe is able to monitor soluble oligomeric aggregates after 24 h, at which time Thioflavin T emission, commonly used to monitor amyloid fibril formation, remains unchanged. Atomic force microscopy, native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and dynamic light scattering confirm that the earlier stages of aggregation are prefibrillar oligomeric species not possessing the amyloid structure. This new molecular scaffold expands the toolbox of fluorescent probes for the identification of prefibrillar oligomers, which is needed in studies aimed at the early detection of the soluble toxic aggregates that characterize the so‐called protein misfolding diseases.
Salinity and copper interactive effects on perez's frog Pelophylax perezi
Authors: Santos Bárbara , Ribeiro Rui , Domingues Inês , Pereira Ruth , Soares Amadeu M.V.M. , Lopes Isabel 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

The present study was intended to assess the influence of salinity on the effects of copper on 2 life stages of Pelophylax perezi. Single and combined effects of salinity (NaCl) and Cu on survival, malformations, body length, and biochemical markers (catalase [CAT], cholinesterases, lactate dehidrogenase [LDH], and glutathione S-transferase) of individuals were evaluated in a multifactorial design. Two experiments were performed, 1 with embryos and the other with tadpoles. Each of these life stages was exposed to individual and combinations of Cu (0.0–7.4 mg/L and 0.0–2.4 mg/L, respectively) and NaCl (0.0–10.2 g/L and 0.0–7.4 g/L, respectively) concentrations. Copper alone had a higher lethal toxicity to tadpoles (90%; 2.4 mg/L) than to embryos (65%; 7.4 mg/L). Conversely, NaCl alone had a higher lethal toxicity to embryos (100%; 6.9 g/L) than to tadpoles (50%; 7.4 g/L). The 4 lowest tested NaCl concentrations decreased the lethal effects of Cu to embryos and the incidence of malformations, but the same outcome was not observed for tadpoles. Regarding enzymatic activities, although significant interactions between Cu and NaCl were observed for the activity of CAT and LDH in embryo and tadpole, a consistent pattern of NaCl and Cu interactive effects was not observed. The authors' results suggest a life-stage dependence on the effects of exposure to the individual substances or their combination. Also, it was observed that moderate salinity might have a shield effect against Cu lethal toxicity for embryos of P. perezi. These results highlight the need within ecological risk evaluations to characterize the sensitivity of different amphibian life stages to individual chemicals but also their combination with other environmental conditions resulting from climate changes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1864–1872. © 2013 SETAC
Linking survival and biomarker responses over time
Authors: Jager Tjalling , Hansen Bjørn Henrik 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

The practical usefulness of biomarkers is limited by the complexity of linking their responses to life-history traits of the organisms (e.g., survival, growth, reproduction) over time. Here the authors present a first attempt to model biomarker responses and survival over time simultaneously with a toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic approach. Even though more work is clearly needed, the present study provides a novel direction for interpreting biomarker responses and dynamically linking them to life-history traits. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1842–1845. © 2013 SETAC
Biotransformation model of neutral and weakly polar organic compounds in fish incorporating internal partitioning
Authors: Kuo Dave T.F. , Di Toro Dominic M. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

A model for whole-body in vivo biotransformation of neutral and weakly polar organic chemicals in fish is presented. It considers internal chemical partitioning and uses Abraham solvation parameters as reactivity descriptors. It assumes that only chemicals freely dissolved in the body fluid may bind with enzymes and subsequently undergo biotransformation reactions. Consequently, the whole-body biotransformation rate of a chemical is retarded by the extent of its distribution in different biological compartments. Using a randomly generated training set (n = 64), the biotransformation model is found to be: log (HLφfish) = 2.2 (±0.3)B − 2.1 (±0.2)V − 0.6 (±0.3) (root mean square error of prediction [RMSE] = 0.71), where HL is the whole-body biotransformation half-life in days, φfish is the freely dissolved fraction in body fluid, and B and V are the chemical's H-bond acceptance capacity and molecular volume. Abraham-type linear free energy equations were also developed for lipid–water (Klipidw) and protein–water (Kprotw) partition coefficients needed for the computation of φfishfrom independent determinations. These were found to be 1) log Klipidw = 0.77E − 1.10S − 0.47A − 3.52B + 3.37V + 0.84 (in Lwat/kglipid; n = 248, RMSE = 0.57) and 2) log Kprotw = 0.74E − 0.37S − 0.13A − 1.37B + 1.06V − 0.88 (in Lwat/kgprot; n = 69, RMSE = 0.38), where E, S, and A quantify dispersive/polarization, dipolar, and H-bond-donating interactions, respectively. The biotransformation model performs well in the validation of HL (n = 424, RMSE = 0.71). The predicted rate constants do not exceed the transport limit due to circulatory flow. Furthermore, the model adequately captures variation in biotransformation rate between chemicals with varying log octanol–water partitioning coefficient, B, and V and exhibits high degree of independence from the choice of training chemicals. The present study suggests a new framework for modeling chemical reactivity in biological systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1873–1881. © 2013 SETAC
Copper‐induced stress in Solanum nigrum L. and antioxidant defense system responses
Authors: Fidalgo Fernanda , Azenha Manuel , Silva António F. , de Sousa Alexandra , Santiago Ana , Ferraz Pedro , Teixeira Jorge 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSolanum nigrum L. plants were exposed for 28 days to 100 and 200 μmol/L copper (Cu) in a hydroponic system to analyze the antioxidant defense response. A dose‐dependent reduction in growth (fresh mass of root and shoot, shoot height, and root elongation) with increasing concentration of Cu was observed, whereas Cu treatments did funt affect total chlorophyll and carotefunids content. An enhanced lipid peroxidation, in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, was quantified in shoots when the plants were subjected to the highest Cu level, while in roots MDA levels showed a dose‐dependent increase along the increasing Cu concentrations applied. An increase of proline in roots of plants exposed to 200 μmol/L Cu was found. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) did funt show significant changes with respect to control, in both roots and shoots, despite mRNA‐specific accumulations varied between Cu levels and organs. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was negatively affected in shoots by the highest Cu level. Gene expression of the subtype 2d metallothioneins (MT) revealed to be Cu‐enhanced throughout the plant body and correlated with Cu tissue levels, with the other MT1 and MT2 gene members downregulated in roots and upregulated in shoots, contributing more as antioxidants in the latter organs than in Cu homeostasis. MT3s are not involved in Cu homeostasis and phytochelatin (PC) production was enhanced in roots of plants exposed to 200 μmol/L Cu, contributing to a higher Cu accumulation in these organs.
Stetiger Wandel über Generationen
Authors: Kalter Frank , Schulz Benjamin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDer Anteil der Zuwanderer wächst, die deutsche Bevölkerung hingegen nimmt ab. Umso drängender wird die Einbindung der Migranten in die Gesellschaft. Sozialforscher beleuchten die Mechanismen der Integration — vom oft schwierigen Prozess an sich über die Probleme bei der Bildung und auf dem Arbeitsmarkt bis hin zur Bedeutung von Netzwerken.
Stets zu Diensten
Authors: Ritter Helge , Heeren Jörg 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMöglichst lange selbstbestimmt leben — dazu können Roboter beitragen. Im intensiven interdisziplinären Zusammenspiel entwickeln Neuroinformatiker, Biologen, Linguisten, Mathematiker, Psychologen und Sportwissenschaftler technische Assistenzsysteme, die Arbeitsanweisungen verstehen und sich einfühlsam auf ihre Nutzer einstellen.
Psychosocial problems associated with depression at 18 months poststroke
Authors: De Ryck A. , Fransen E. , Brouns R. , Geurden M. , Peij D. , Mariën P. , De Deyn P. P. , Engelborghs S. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveWith a prevalence that varies between 20% and 65%, poststroke depression (PSD) is a frequent sequel of stroke. The aim of this study was to determine incidence and risk factors for PSD 18 months after stroke.MethodsAs part of the Middelheim Interdisciplinary Stroke Study, patients were followed up for 18 months in this prospective and longitudinal epidemiological study. Clinically significant signs and symptoms of PSD were quantified by means of the Cornell Scale for Depression (CSD) and the Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Activities, including social activities, were measured with the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). Relational problems since stroke onset were defined by a questionnaire.ResultsData analysis was performed on 125 patients who completed follow‐up assessments. Depression (CSD score ≥8) was diagnosed in 28% of the patients. Patients with PSD were more dependent for activities of daily living and displayed more physical and cognitive impairment than patients without PSD. The risk to become depressed decreased with 5% when the patient's activities increased with one unit on the SIS (odds ratio (OR) = 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.93–0.97). Patients with persistent relational problems since stroke onset had approximately four and a half times greater risk of becoming depressed than patients without (OR = 4.48; 95%CI = 1.17–16.87).ConclusionsMultiple regression models indicated that the most determining features for developing PSD at 18 months poststroke include reduced activity and relationship problems due to stroke. Further studies on risk factors for PSD are essential, including psychosocial aspects, given its negative impact on rehabilitation and quality of life. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arc magma compositions controlled by linked thermal and chemical gradients above the subducting slab
Authors: Watt Sebastian F. L. , Pyle David M. , Mather Tamsin A. , Naranjo José A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGlobal arc magmatism is sustained by a continuous fluid flux that is returned to the mantle in subduction zones. Despite considerable advances in simulations of melting processes, models of arc magmatism remain incompletely tested against erupted products. Here, we show that a suite of primitive volcanic rocks from across the southern Chilean arc preserves the signature of a systematic down‐slab gradient in fluid chemistry. The chemical gradient is consistent with predictions from modeling, geothermometry and experiments. We infer that increasing slab‐surface temperatures cause the sub‐arc slab flux to become less water‐rich and increasingly dominated by hydrous melts over a distance of a few kilometers behind the arc front. This change exerts a first‐order control on magma chemistry, and implies discrete melt‐transport pathways through subduction zones. Our results replicate patterns in other arcs, implying common sub‐arc slab‐surface temperature ranges in thermally‐diverse subduction zones.
A double‐blind trial of the effect of docosahexaenoic acid and vitamin and mineral supplementation on aggression, impulsivity, and stress
Authors: Long Sara‐Jayne , Benton David 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesAlthough a series of well‐designed studies have reported that supplementation with vitamins/minerals and omega‐3 fatty acids reduces the incidence of aggressive behavior, to date, the relative contribution and interaction between these nutrients has not been examined. The aim was therefore to consider the relative contribution of supplementation with multivitamins/minerals and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on laboratory‐based measures of aggression, impulsivity, and stress.MethodsIn a double‐blind randomized trial, four groups of young adult men without a history of aggressive or impulsive behavior received a placebo (n = 42), multivitamins/minerals (n = 43), DHA (n = 47) or both (n = 41) for 3 months.ResultsWith the Picture‐Frustration Task, DHA decreased the display of aggressive behavior. DHA also decreased impulsivity as measured using the GoStop Impulsivity Paradigm that examines the ability to inhibit already initiated behavior. Although a multivitamin and mineral supplement did not influence these measures, it did decrease perceived stress.ConclusionsThe influence of supplementation on aggression and impulsivity can be conveniently studied in a sample without a history of antisocial behavior, using laboratory‐based measures. No evidence was found of a synergistic interaction between vitamins/minerals and DHA. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
More ecological ERA: Incorporating natural environmental factors and animal behavior
Authors: Bednarska Agnieszka J , Jevtić Dragan M , Laskowski Ryszard 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
We discuss the importance of selected natural abiotic and biotic factors in ecological risk assessment based on simplistic laboratory bioassays. Although it is impossible to include all possible natural factors in standard lower-tier ecotoxicological testing, neglecting them is not an option. Therefore, we try to identify the most important factors and advocate redesigning standard testing procedures to include theoretically most potent interactions. We also point out a few potentially important factors that have not been studied enough so far. The available data allowed us to identify temperature and O2 depletion as the most critical factors that should be included in ecotoxicity testing as soon as possible. Temporal limitations and fluctuations in food availability also appear important, but at this point more fundamental research in this area is necessary before making decisions on their inclusion in risk assessment procedures. We propose using specific experimental designs, such as Box-Behnken or Central Composite, which allow for simultaneous testing of 3 or more factors for their individual and interactive effects with greater precision and without increasing the effort and costs of tests dramatically. Factorial design can lead to more powerful tests and help to extend the validity of conclusions. Finally, ecological risk assessment procedures should include information on animal behavior, especially feeding patterns. This requires more basic studies, but already at this point adequate mechanistic effect models can be developed for some species. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:e39–e46. © 2013 SETAC