bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the potential of group singing to enhance the well‐being of older people
Authors: Davidson Jane W , McNamara Beverley , Rosenwax Lorna , Lange Andrea , Jenkins Sue , Lewin Gill 
Published: April 2013

AimTo evaluate the effect of a singing program developed specifically for older community‐dwelling people on measures of health and well‐being.MethodAn eight‐week singing program was developed and evaluated using standardised measures of health and well‐being, measures designed to examine specific singing program outcomes, and semi‐structured interviews. Participants aged 70 years and older were recruited through a home care service provider (n = 17) and an advertisement in a community newspaper (n = 19).ResultsStandard outcome measures indicated that the program had little effect on health and well‐being. However, study‐specific measures indicated that many participants had positive gains. Those in the home care group required more assistance to attend and continue in the program than those in the general community. Participants reported that the community‐based singing facilitator was essential to the program's success.ConclusionWell‐structured community‐based singing programs have the potential to impact positively upon the well‐being of older people, but program viability depends on support with recruitment, transport and funding.
Relation of symptom‐induced impairment with other illness parameters in clinic‐referred youth
Authors: Gadow Kenneth D. , Kaat Aaron J. , Lecavalier Luc 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the relation of caregiver ratings of psychiatric symptom‐induced impairment with number and severity of symptoms and informant agreement in consecutive child psychiatry outpatient referrals.MethodsParents and teachers completed a broadband DSM‐IV‐referenced rating scale with disorder‐specific impairment for 636 youth (6–18 years). Illness parameters included impairment, number and severity of symptoms, and their combination (symptom + impairment) as well as categorical (cut‐off) and dimensional scoring.ResultsAgreement between impairment and other illness parameters showed considerable variation as a function of type of parameter, disorder, and informant, but to lesser extent age and gender. Many youth who met impairment cut‐off for specific disorders did not meet symptom cut‐off. Conversely, most youth who met symptom cut‐off were impaired. Symptom cut‐off evidenced greater convergence with impairment cut‐off than combined symptom + impairment cut‐offs. Severity of impairment was moderately to highly correlated with number and severity of symptoms. Parents' and teachers' ratings indicated little disorder‐specific agreement about youth who met impairment cut‐off, symptom cut‐off, or combined symptom + impairment cut‐off. Therefore, sole reliance on one informant greatly underestimates the pervasiveness of impairment.ConclusionFindings are consistent with the notion that each illness parameter represents a unique conceptual construct, which has important clinical and research implications.
Mortality and Disability Outcomes of Self‐Reported Elder Abuse: A 12‐Year Prospective Investigation
Authors: Schofield Margot J. , Powers Jennifer R. , Loxton Deborah 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo determine whether elder abuse can predict mortality and disability over the ensuing 12 years.DesignPopulation‐based prospective cohort study of women aged 70 to 75 in 1996; survival analysis.SettingAustralia.ParticipantsTwelve thousand sixty‐six women with complete data on elder abuse.MeasurementsElder abuse was assessed using the 12‐item Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale (VASS) subscales: vulnerability, coercion, dependence, and dejection. Outcomes were death and disability (defined as an affirmative response to “Do you regularly need help with daily tasks because of long‐term illness, disability or frailty?”).ResultsIn 1996, 8% reported vulnerability, 6% coercion, 18% dependence, and 22% dejection. By October 2008, 3,488 (29%) had died. Mortality was associated with coercion (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.40) and dejection (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03–1.23), after controlling for demographic characteristics, social support, and health behavior but not after adding chronic conditions to the coercion model. Over the 12 years, 2,158 of 11,027 women who had reported no disability in 1996 reported disability. Women who reported vulnerability (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.06–1.49) or dejection (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.38–1.73) were at greater risk of disability, after controlling for demographic characteristics, social support, and health behavior. The relationship remained significant for dejection when chronic conditions and mental health were included in the model (HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.24–1.58).ConclusionSpecific components of vulnerability to elder abuse were differently associated with rates of disability and mortality over the ensuing 12 years.
Fracture Risk in Nursing Home Residents Initiating Antipsychotic Medications
Authors: Rigler Sally K. , Shireman Theresa I. , Cook‐Wiens Galen J. , Ellerbeck Edward F. , Whittle Jeffrey C. , Mehr David R. , Mahnken Jonathan D. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo determine whether antipsychotic medication initiation is associated with subsequent fracture in nursing home residents, whether fracture rates differ between users of first‐ and second‐generation antipsychotics, and whether fracture rates differ between users of haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine.DesignTime‐to‐event analyses were conducted in a retrospective cohort using linked Medicaid; Medicare; Minimum Data Set; and Online Survey, Certification, and Reporting data sets.SettingNursing homes in California, Florida, Missouri, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.ParticipantsNursing home residents aged ≥ 65.MeasurementsFracture outcomes (any fracture; hip fracture) in users of first‐ and second‐generation anti‐psychotic and specifically users of haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine. Comparisons incorporated propensity scores that included individual‐ (demographic characteristics, comorbidity, diagnoses, weight, fall history, concomitant medications, cognitive performance, physical function, aggressive behavior) and facility‐ (nursing home size, ownership factors, staffing levels) level variables.ResultsOf 8,262 subjects (in 4,131 pairs), 4.3% suffered any fracture during observation, with 1% having a hip fracture during an average follow‐up period of 93 ± 71 days (range 1–293 days). Antipsychotic initiation was associated with any fracture (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.39, P = .004) and hip fracture (HR = 1.76, P = .02). The highest risk was found for hip fracture when antipsychotic use was adjusted for dose (HR = 2.96, P = .008), but no differences in time to fracture were found between first‐ and second‐generation agents or between individual drugs.ConclusionAntipsychotic initiation is associated with fracture in nursing home residents, but risk does not differ between commonly used antipsychotics.
Regional changes in vertebra morphology during ontogeny reflect the life history of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)
Authors: Fjelldal Per G. , Totland Geir K. , Hansen Tom , Kryvi Harald , Wang Xiyuan , Søndergaard Jens L. , Grotmol Sindre 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study examined vertebra formation, morphology, regional characters, and bending properties of the vertebral column of Atlantic cod throughout its life cycle (0–6 years). The first structure to form was the foremost neural arch, 21 days post hatching (dph), and the first vertebra centrum to form – as a chordacentrum – was the 3rd centrum at 28 dph. Thereafter, the notochord centra developed in a regular sequence towards the head and caudal fin. All vertebrae were formed within 50 dph. The vertebral column consisted of 52 (± 2) vertebrae (V) and could be divided into four distinct regions: (i) the cervical region (neck) (V1 and V2), characterized by short vertebra centra, prominent neural spines and absence of articulations with ribs; (ii) the abdominal region (trunk) (V3–V19), characterized by vertebrae with wing‐shaped transverse processes (parapophyses) that all articulate with a rib; (iii) the caudal region (tail) (V20–V40), where the vertebra centra have haemal arches with prominent haemal spines; (iv) the ural region (V41 to the last vertebra), characterized by broad neural and haemal spines, providing sites of origin for muscles inserting on the fin rays – lepidotrichs – of the tail fin. The number of vertebrae in the cervical, abdominal and caudal regions was found to be constant, whereas in the ural region, numbers varied from 12 to 15. Geometric modelling based on combination of vertebra lengths, diameters and intervertebral distances showed an even flexibility throughout the column, except in the ural region, where flexibility increased. Throughout ontogeny, the vertebra centra of the different regions followed distinct patterns of growth; the relative length of the vertebrae increased in the cervical and abdominal regions, and decreased in the caudal and ural regions with increasing age. This may reflect changes in swimming mode with age, and/or that the production of large volumes of gametes during sexual maturation requires a significant increase in abdominal cavity volume.
Age diversity and individual team member health: The moderating role of age and age stereotypes
Authors: Liebermann Susanne C. , Wegge Jürgen , Jungmann Franziska , Schmidt Klaus‐Helmut 
Published: April 2013

Applying social identity theory and the relational demography approach, this paper proposes that the effect of age diversity on individual team members' health is contingent on the individual age as well as on age stereotypes. We suggest that younger and older employees' health is negatively associated with age diversity, while middle‐aged team members' health is not affected. We further postulate that age stereotypes strengthen the negative effect of age diversity for the younger age group, while they weaken the effect for older employees. For middle‐aged team members, age stereotypes are expected not to determine the relationship between age diversity and health. We tested our hypotheses based on data from a representative sample of the German workforce (n = 1,214). The results fully confirmed our hypotheses.Practitioner Points

Organizations have to be aware that age diversity can undermine the health of older and younger team members.

We found that younger team members' health is only affected by working in age‐diverse teams if they hold negative stereotypical views about older team colleagues. In contrast, older team members' health is only affected if they do not hold negative stereotypical views about older employees.

Accordingly, we advise taking steps to reduce the age stereotypes of younger team members in age‐diverse teams.
Ten‐Year Trends in Physical Dating Violence Victimization Among US Adolescent Females
Authors: Howard Donna E. , Debnam Katrina J. , Wang Min Q. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe study provides 10‐year trend data on the psychosocial correlates of physical dating violence (PDV) victimization among females who participated in the national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys of US high school students between1999 and 2009.METHODSThe dependent variable was PDV. Independent variables included 4 dimensions: violence, suicide, substance use, and sexual risk behavior. Unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were examined followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses.RESULTSApproximately 1 in 10 girls experience PDV annually. PDV among adolescent females is a persistent public health problem despite concerted research and intervention efforts. PDV is associated with a set of psychosocial risk factors, particularly sad/hopeless feelings, suicidal ideation, and physical fighting.CONCLUSIONSLongitudinal research is needed to improve understanding of the directionality of effects. Efforts need to concentrate on how best to make inroads in terms of primary and secondary prevention.
Insect allergy in children
Authors: Tan John W , Campbell Dianne E 
Published: April 2013

Abstract Allergic reactions to insect bites and stings are common, and the severity of reactions range from local reaction to anaphylaxis. In children, large local reaction to bites and stings is the most common presentation. Stings from insects of the order Hymenoptera (bees, wasps and ants) are the most common cause of insect anaphylaxis; however, the proportion of insect allergic children who develop anaphylaxis to an insect sting is lower than that of insect allergic adults. History is most important in diagnosing anaphylaxis, as laboratory tests can be unreliable. Venom immunotherapy is effective, where suitable allergen extract is available, but is only warranted in children with systemic reactions to insect venom. Large local reactions are at low risk of progression to anaphylaxis on subsequent stings, and hence, venom immunotherapy is not necessary.
Low‐speed vehicle run over fatalities in Australian children aged 0–5 years
Authors: Anthikkat Anne Paul , Page Andrew , Barker Ruth 
Published: April 2013

AimThe study aims to investigate environmental, socio‐demographic and other antecedent risk factors associated with low‐speed vehicle run over (LSVRO) mortality in Australian children aged 0–5 years.MethodsThis is a population‐based retrospective case series study of Australian LSVRO mortality, July 2000–December 2010.Main Outcome MeasuresMortality and corresponding population data were stratified by sex and period to examine trends in incidence rates over the study period. Proportional mortality was also investigated by sex, age, period, area, location of injury, mechanism and other antecedent factors identified from textual coronial information.ResultsThere were 82 fatal LSVRO cases over the 11‐year study period. The annual incidence was low (less than 1 per 100 000) and declined over the study period. More than three‐quarters of incidents occurred in non‐traffic settings, in particular residential driveways. The most common vehicle involved was a four‐wheel drive or utility with vehicles most likely to be reversing or leaving at the time of the incident. More than three‐quarters of cases were aged 36 months or less. A higher proportion of LSVRO fatalities occurred in lower socio‐economic status areas compared with higher socio‐economic status areas. Where the vehicle was actively being driven (77 cases), the driver was known to the child in three‐quarters of cases, most commonly the father (32%).ConclusionThe study provides a detailed analysis of mortality due to LSVRO incidents in Australia and highlights a number of modifiable antecedent factors. Precedents for the identification and reporting of LSVRO incidents as well as prevention strategies are discussed.
Fundamental study of osteoclast chemotaxis toward chemoattractants expressed in periodontitis
Authors: Niwa T. , Mizukoshi K. , Azuma Y. , Kashimata M. , Shibutani T. 
Published: April 2013

Background and ObjectivePeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs). Several factors contribute to the differentiation of OCs from hematopoietic precursors. Cellular chemotactic factors are expressed in periodontitis tissue, but the effects of these chemoattractants on OCs are not well understood. Here we examined the effects of chemoattractants produced in inflamed periodontal tissue on OC chemotaxis.Material and MethodsRat bone‐marrow OCs were cultured in OC culture medium for 3 or 6 d. Using EZ‐TAXIScan™, the chemotactic response of these OCs to several chemoattractants [monocyte chemotactic protein‐1; macrophage inflammatory protein 1α; regulated on activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted; stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α; and complement activation product 5a (C5a)] was measured. In addition, we measured the effect of C5a‐specific inhibitors on chemotactic responses toward C5a. The recorded chemotactic responses were quantitatively analysed using ImageJ software.ResultsChemoattractants associated with periodontal disease significantly increased the chemotactic activity of differentiated rat OCs in a concentration‐dependent manner, with C5a inducing the highest chemotactic activity of OCs cultured for 3 or 6 d. The C5a‐specific inhibitor significantly inhibited chemotaxis toward C5a in a concentration‐dependent manner.ConclusionWe suggest that C5a plays an important role in pathologic bone resorption in periodontal disease by stimulating the chemotaxis of OCs. Therefore, C5a is a potential target for the treatment of periodontal disease.
Natural killer T cells mediate alveolar bone resorption and a systemic inflammatory response in response to oral infection of mice with Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Aoki‐Nonaka Y. , Nakajima T. , Miyauchi S. , Miyazawa H. , Yamada H. , Domon H. , Tabeta K. , Yamazaki K. 
Published: April 2013

Background and ObjectiveT and B cells are known to be involved in the disease process of periodontitis. However, the role of natural killer T cells in the pathogenesis of periodontitis has not been clarified.Materials and MethodsTo examine the role of these cells, C57BL/6J (wild‐type), CD1d−/− and α‐galactosylceramide (αGC)‐stimulated wild‐type mice were orally infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis strain W83.ResultsApart from CD1d−/− mice, the level of alveolar bone resorption was elevated by the infection and was further accelerated in αGC‐stimulated mice. The infection induced elevated levels of serum amyloid A and P. gingivalis‐specific IgG in the sera, although the degree of elevation was much smaller in the CD1d−/− mice. Infection‐induced RANKL elevation was only observed in αGC‐stimulated mice. Although the cytokines produced by splenocytes were mainly T‐helper 1 type in wild‐type mice, those in αGC‐stimulated mice were predominantly T‐helper 2 type. In the liver, the infection demonstrated no effect on the gene expression for interferon‐γ, interleukin‐4 and RANKL except αGC‐stimulated mice in which the infection upregulated the gene expressions.ConclusionThis study is the first to show that natural killer T cells upregulated systemic and local inflammatory responses induced by oral infection with P. gingivalis, thereby contributing to the progression of alveolar bone resorption.
Evaluation of periodontitis in hospital outpatients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Solis A. C. O. , Marques A. H. , Pannuti C. M. , Lotufo R. F. M. , Lotufo‐Neto F. 
Published: April 2013

Background and ObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with alterations in the neuroendocrine system and immune function and may be associated with an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, cancer and autoimmune/inflammatory disease. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and MDD in a convenience sample of hospital outpatients.Material and MethodsThe sample consisted of 72 physically healthy subjects (36 outpatients with MDD and 36 age‐matched controls [± 3 years]). Patients with bipolar disorder, eating disorders and psychotic disorders were excluded. Probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded at six sites per tooth. Depression was assessed by means of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV.ResultsExtent of clinical attachment level and probing pocket depth were not different between controls and subjects with depression for the following thresholds: ≥ 3 mm (Mann–Whitney, p = 0.927 and 0.756); ≥ 4 mm (Mann–Whitney, p = 0.656 and 0.373); ≥ 5 mm (Mann–Whitney, p = 0.518 and 0.870);, and ≥ 6 mm (Mann–Whitney, p = 0.994 and 0.879). Depression parameters were not associated with clinical attachment level ≥ 5 mm in this sample. Smoking was associated with loss of attachment ≥ 5 mm in the multivariable logistic regression model (odds ratio = 6.99, 95% confidence interval = 2.00–24.43).ConclusionsIn this sample, periodontal clinical parameters were not different between patients with MDD and control subjects. There was no association between depression and periodontitis.
Phylogenetic performance of mitochondrial protein‐coding genes of Oncomelania hupensis in resolving relationships between landscape populations
Authors: LI Shi‐Zhu , ZHANG Li , MA Lin , HU Wei , LV Shan , LIU Qin , QIAN Ying‐Jun , WANG Qiang , ZHOU Xiao‐Nong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOncomelania hupensis is the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, which plays a key role in the transmission of human blood fluke Schistosoma. The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of O. hupensis has been characterized; however, the phylogenetic performance of mt protein‐coding genes (PCGs) of the snail remain unclear. In this study, 11 whole mt genomes of snails collected from four different ecological settings in China and the Philippines were sequenced. The mt genome sizes ranged from 15 183 to 15 216 bp, with the G + C contents from 32.4% to 33.4%. A total of 15 251 characters were generated from the multiple sequence alignment. Of 2711 (17.8%) polymorphic sites, 56.22% (1524) were parsimony sites. The mt genomes' phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using minimum evolution, neighbor joining, maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian tree estimate methods, and two main distinct clades were identified: (i) the isolate from mountainous regions; (ii) the remaining isolate which included three inner branches. All phylogenetic trees of the 13 PCGs were generated by running 1000 bootstrap replicates and compared with the complete mtDNA tree, the classification accuracy ranging from 21.23% to 87.87%, the topological distance of phylogenetic trees between PCGs ranging from 5 to 14. Therefore, the performance of PCGs can be divided into good condition (COI, ND2, ND5, and ND3), medium (COII, ATP6, ND1, ND6, Cytb, ND4, and COIII), poor (ATP8 and ND4L). This study represents the first analysis of mt genome diversity of the O. hupensis snail and phylogenetic performance of mt PCGs. It presents clear evidence that the snail populations can be separated into four landscape genetic populations in mainland China based on whole mt genomes. The identification of the phylogenetic performance of PCGs provides new insight into the intensive genetic diversity study using mtDNA markers for the snail.