bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation Organizations Need to Consider Adaptive Capacity: Why Local Input Matters
Authors: Mcleod Elizabeth , Szuster Brian , Hinkel Jochen , Tompkins Emma L. , Marshall Nadine , Downing Thomas , Wongbusarakum Supin , Patwardhan Anand , Hamza Mo , Anderson Cheryl , Bharwani Sukaina , Hansen Lara , Rubinoff Pamela 
Published: November 2015

AbstractConservation organizations are increasingly applying adaptive capacity assessments in response to escalating climate change impacts. These assessments are essential to identify climate risks to ecosystems, prioritize management interventions, maximize the effectiveness of conservation actions, and ensure conservation resources are allocated appropriately. Despite an extensive literature on the topic, there is little agreement on the most relevant factors needed to support local scale initiatives, and additional guidance is needed to clarify how adaptive capacity should be assessed. This article discusses why adaptive capacity assessment represents a critical tool supporting conservation planning and management. It also evaluates key factors guiding conservation NGOs conducting these assessments in tropical island communities, and explores alternative priorities based on input from academic experts and key local stakeholders. Our results demonstrate that important differences exist between local stakeholders and nonlocal academic experts on key factors affecting adaptation and coping mechanisms. The exclusion of local community input affects the validity of adaptive capacity assessment findings, and has significant implications for the prioritization and effectiveness of conservation strategies and funding allocation.
Bimanual motor coordination controlled by cooperative interactions in intrinsic and extrinsic coordinates
Authors: Sakurada Takeshi , Ito Koji , Gomi Hiroaki 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlthough strong motor coordination in intrinsic muscle coordinates has frequently been reported for bimanual movements, coordination in extrinsic visual coordinates is also crucial in various bimanual tasks. To explore the bimanual coordination mechanisms in terms of the frame of reference, here we characterized implicit bilateral interactions in visuomotor tasks. Visual perturbations (finger‐cursor gain change) were applied while participants performed a rhythmic tracking task with both index fingers under an in‐phase or anti‐phase relationship in extrinsic coordinates. When they corrected the right finger's amplitude, the left finger's amplitude unintentionally also changed [motor interference (MI)], despite the instruction to keep its amplitude constant. Notably, we observed two specificities: one was large MI and low relative‐phase variability (PV) under the intrinsic in‐phase condition, and the other was large MI and high PV under the extrinsic in‐phase condition. Additionally, using a multiple‐interaction model, we successfully decomposed MI into intrinsic components caused by motor correction and extrinsic components caused by visual‐cursor mismatch of the right finger's movements. This analysis revealed that the central nervous system facilitates MI by combining intrinsic and extrinsic components in the condition with in‐phases in both intrinsic and extrinsic coordinates, and that under‐additivity of the effects is explained by the brain's preference for the intrinsic interaction over extrinsic interaction. In contrast, the PV was significantly correlated with the intrinsic component, suggesting that the intrinsic interaction dominantly contributed to bimanual movement stabilization. The inconsistent features of MI and PV suggest that the central nervous system regulates multiple levels of bilateral interactions for various bimanual tasks.
The role of SLC2A1 mutations in myoclonic astatic epilepsy and absence epilepsy, and the estimated frequency of GLUT1 deficiency syndrome
Authors: Larsen Jan , Johannesen Katrine Marie , Ek Jakob , Tang Shan , Marini Carla , Blichfeldt Susanne , Kibæk Maria , von Spiczak Sarah , Weckhuysen Sarah , Frangu Mimoza , Neubauer Bernd Axel , Uldall Peter , Striano Pasquale , Zara Federico ,   MAE working group of the EuroEPINOMICS RES Consortium, Kleiss Rebecca , Simpson Michael , Muhle Hiltrud , Nikanorova Marina , Jepsen Birgit , Tommerup Niels , Stephani Ulrich , Guerrini Renzo , Duno Morten , Hjalgrim Helle , Pal Deb , Helbig Ingo , Møller Rikke Steensbjerre 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe first mutations identified in SLC2A1, encoding the glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) protein of the blood–brain barrier, were associated with severe epileptic encephalopathy. Recently, dominant SLC2A1 mutations were found in rare autosomal dominant families with various forms of epilepsy including early onset absence epilepsy (EOAE), myoclonic astatic epilepsy (MAE), and genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). Our study aimed to investigate the possible role of SLC2A1 in various forms of epilepsy including MAE and absence epilepsy with early onset. We also aimed to estimate the frequency of GLUT1 deficiency syndrome in the Danish population. One hundred twenty patients with MAE, 50 patients with absence epilepsy, and 37 patients with unselected epilepsies, intellectual disability (ID), and/or various movement disorders were screened for mutations in SLC2A1. Mutations in SLC2A1 were detected in 5 (10%) of 50 patients with absence epilepsy, and in one (2.7%) of 37 patient with unselected epilepsies, ID, and/or various movement disorders. None of the 120 MAE patients harbored SLC2A1 mutations. We estimated the frequency of SLC2A1 mutations in the Danish population to be approximately 1:83,000. Our study confirmed the role of SLC2A1 mutations in absence epilepsy with early onset. However, our study failed to support the notion that SLC2A1 aberrations are a cause of MAE without associated features such as movement disorders.
Efficacy and effects of various anti‐crib devices on behaviour and physiology of crib‐biting horses
Authors: Albright J. D. , Witte T. H. , Rohrbach B. W. , Reed A. , Houpt K. A. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyCrib‐biting is a common oral stereotypy. Although most treatments involve prevention, the efficacy of various anti‐crib devices, including surgically implanted gingival rings, has thus far not been empirically tested.ObjectivesDemonstrate the effect that 2 anti‐crib collars, muzzle and gingival rings have on crib‐biting, other maintenance behaviours, and cortisol levels in established crib‐biting horses.Study designRandomised, crossover clinical trial.MethodsIn Experiment I, 2 anti‐crib collars and a muzzle were used on 8 established crib‐biting horses; horses wore each of 3 devices for 7 days, with a 7‐day device‐free period between treatments. Horses were video recorded for 24 h at least 3 times each week prior to any device placement, and always the day after a device was removed. In Experiment II, gingival rings were used in 6 established crib‐biting horses; horses were video recorded for 3 days prior to ring implantation and the day after surgery until the rings became ineffective. Plasma cortisol levels were assessed every day during Experiment II and on Days 1, 3 and 5 of each week during Experiment I.ResultsAll devices significantly reduced crib‐biting compared with control periods. There was no significant difference in crib‐bite reduction amongst devices in Experiment I, or between pre‐device periods and the first day the device was removed. The only increase in plasma cortisol occurred on the day of surgery in Experiment II.ConclusionsCommon anti‐crib devices are effective in reducing crib‐biting and significant distress was not evident from our findings. We did not find a post inhibitory rebound effect. Surgical rings were successful only temporarily and implantation was probably painful to the horses. Because stereotypies involve suboptimal environmental conditions, efforts should be made to improve husbandry factors previously shown to contribute to crib‐biting, and research into decreasing horses' motivation to crib‐bite should continue.
Recent developments in ultrasonic fatigue
Authors: Mayer H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe recently increased interest in very high cycle fatigue properties of materials has led to extended use and further development of the ultrasonic fatigue testing technique. Specimens are stimulated to resonance vibrations at ultrasonic frequency, where the high frequency allows collecting lifetime data of up to 1010cycles and measuring crack propagation rates down to 10−12 m per cycle within reasonable testing times. New capabilities and methods of ultrasonic testing and outstanding results obtained since the year 1999 are reviewed. Ultrasonic tests at load ratios other than R = −1, variable amplitude tests, cyclic torsion tests and methods forin situobservation of fatigue damage are described. Advances in testing at very high temperatures or in corrosive environments and experiments with other than bulk metallic materials are summarized. Fundamental studies with copper and duplex steel became possible and allowed new insights into the process of very high cycle fatigue damage. Higher cyclic strength of mild steels measured at ultrasonic frequency because of plastic strain rate effects are described. High‐strength steels and high‐alloy steels are less prone to frequency influences. Environmental effects that can lead to prolonged lifetimes in some aluminium alloys and possible frequency effects in titanium and nickel and their alloys are reviewed.
The role of rotational thromboelastometry in assessment of haemostasis during pregnancy in women with factor XI deficiency
Authors: Davies J. , Harper A. , Kadir R. A. 
Published: November 2015

IntroductionWomen with factor XI (FXI) deficiency are at an increased risk of bleeding complications at delivery. Obstetric management is complicated by a lack of correlation between FXI level and bleeding risk.AimThe aims of this study were to assess the difference in rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) in parturient women with FXI deficiency compared to parturient and non‐parturient controls and to evaluate the usefulness of ROTEM® in assessing bleeding risk at delivery in women with FXI deficiency.MethodsROTEM® was performed on 60 women: 27 with FXI deficiency, 20 age‐matched parturient controls and 12 non‐parturient controls. Pregnancy outcomes and haemostatic cover was reviewed in 57 deliveries of women with FXI deficiency.ResultsWomen with FXI deficiency had a longer clotting time (CT) and clot formation time (CFT) (P < 0.001), reduced alpha angle (P < 0.001) but no difference in MCF (P = 0.054) compared to parturient controls. Compared to non‐parturient controls, they had a longer CT (P < 0.001), but shorter CFT (P < 0.001), increased alpha angle (P < 0.001) and increased MCF (P = 0.005). ROTEM® was an additional helpful parameter in managing parturient women with FXI deficiency, reducing the need for factor administration.ConclusionROTEM® demonstrated hypercoagulable changes during pregnancy in women with FXI deficiency. However, they took longer to clot compared to parturient controls, but had increased clot consolidation and clot strength compared to non‐parturient controls. ROTEM® is an additional test that is helpful to assess bleeding risk and provision of appropriate haemostatic cover at delivery.
Evaluation of apically extruded debris during root canal preparation in primary molar teeth using three different rotary systems and hand files
Authors: Topçuoğlu Gamze , Topçuoğlu Hüseyin Sinan , Akpek Firdevs 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimTo assess the amount of debris extruded apically during root canal preparation using various nickel titanium instrumentation systems and hand files in primary molar teeth.DesignSixty extracted primary first mandibular molar human teeth were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15 teeth for each group). The canals were then instrumented with the following instrument systems: Revo‐S, Mtwo, ProTaper Next, and hand files. Apically extruded debris during instrumentation was collected into pre‐weighed Eppendorf tubes. The Eppendorf tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days. The weight of the dry extruded debris was established by subtracting the pre‐instrumentation and post‐instrumentation weight of the Eppendorf tubes for each group. The data were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance (anova) and Tukey's post hoc tests.ResultsProTaper Next files were associated with less apically extruded debris than the Mtwo, Revo‐S, and hand files (P < 0.05). Hand files extruded more debris than Mtwo and Revo‐S instruments (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference found between the Mtwo and Revo‐S instruments (P > 0.05).ConclusionsAll instruments were associated with apical extrusion of debris. ProTaper Next files caused less debris extrusion compared to the other systems used.
Evaluation of low fluoride toothpaste using primary enamel and a validated pH‐cycling model
Authors: Velo Marilia Mattar de Amoêdo Campos , Tabchoury Cínthia Pereira Machado , Romão Dayse Andrade , Cury Jaime Aparecido 
Published: November 2015

AimTo develop and validate pH‐cycling model for primary enamel, which was then used to evaluate the anti‐caries potential of fluoride toothpastes.DesignHuman primary enamel slabs were subjected to pH‐cycling model for 10 days and maintained for 6 h in demineralizing solution and 18 h in remineralizing solution daily. Twice/day, the slabs were treated. To validate it, the treatments were water or solutions containing 62.5, 125, 250, and 375 μg F/mL. Commercial toothpastes containing no fluoride, 500, 1100, and 1450 μg F/g were evaluated. Demineralization was assessed by percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL) and cross‐sectional hardness (ΔS). Fluoride dose–response effect was analysed by quadratic regression and the effects of toothpastes by Tukey's test.ResultsDose–response effect was found between fluoride concentration and %SHL (R2 = 0.7047; P < 0.01) or ΔS (R2 = 0.4465; P < 0.01). %SHL and ΔS (mean ± SD) for the group treated with 500 μg F/g toothpaste was 36.6 ± 8.0 and 6298.5 ± 1221.3, respectively, which were significantly higher than those treated with 1100 (25.2 ± 8.7; 4565.7 ± 1122) and 1450 μg F/g (24.2 ± 5.2; 2339.1 ± 879.7) toothpastes.ConclusionThe developed pH‐cycling model may be used to evaluate and compare the anti‐caries potential of toothpaste formulations with low fluoride concentration because it presents dose–response effects on the reduction of primary enamel demineralization.
A treatment algorithm to identify therapeutic approaches for leg ulcers in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Altman Igor A , Kleinfelder Raymond E , Quigley John G , Ennis William J , Minniti Caterina P 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSickle cell leg ulcers (SCLUs) are a common complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). Patients who develop ulcers appear to have a more severe haemolysis‐associated vasculopathy than individuals who do not develop them, and manifest other complications such as priapism and pulmonary hypertension. SCLUs are slow to heal and often recur, affecting both the emotional and physical well‐being of patients. Here we summarise what is known about the pathophysiology of SCLUs, describe available treatment options and propose a treatment algorithm.
Influence of Klotho gene polymorphisms on vascular gene expression and its relationship to cardiovascular disease
Authors: Donate‐Correa Javier , Martín‐Núñez Ernesto , Martínez‐Sanz Rafael , Muros‐de‐Fuentes Mercedes , Mora‐Fernández Carmen , Pérez‐Delgado Nayra , Navarro‐González Juan F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractKlotho protein has been associated with beneficial effects that contribute to the maintenance of cardiovascular health. Diverse studies suggest that alterations in the levels of this molecule may be associated with pathophysiological abnormalities that result in increased cardiovascular risk. The primary aim of this proof‐of‐concept study was to analyse the existence of a potential link between Klotho gene polymorphisms and the expression level of this gene in the vascular wall, and additionally with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Our results indicate that the variant G‐395A, located in the promoter region, influences Klotho gene vascular expression and is associated with the incidence of diabetes. Similarly, the exonic variant KL‐VS was associated with the incidence of atherosclerotic vascular disease and coronary artery disease. Moreover, vascular expression levels of Klotho were related with the incidence of diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. These findings, which need to be confirmed in larger studies, suggest a potential role of Klotho in the pathogenesis of vascular damage.
Luteolin alleviates post‐infarction cardiac dysfunction by up‐regulating autophagy through Mst1 inhibition
Authors: Hu Jianqiang , Man Wanrong , Shen Min , Zhang Mingming , Lin Jie , Wang Tingting , Duan Yu , Li Congye , Zhang Rongqing , Gao Erhe , Wang Haichang , Sun Dongdong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI), which is characterized by chamber dilation and LV dysfunction, is associated with substantially higher mortality. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of Luteolin on post‐infarction cardiac dysfunction. Myocardial infarction was constructed by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. In vitro, cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated MI were used to probe mechanism. Luteolin significantly improved cardiac function, decreased cardiac enzyme and inflammatory cytokines release after MI. Enhanced autophagic flux as indicated by more autophagosomes puncta, less accumulation of aggresomes and P62 in the neonatal cardiomyocytes after hypoxia was observed in the Luteolin pre‐treatment group. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that Luteolin up‐regulated autophagy in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated MI injury. Furthermore, Luteolin increased mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate content, citrate synthase activity and complexes I/II/III/IV/V activities in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated MI injury. Interestingly, mammalian sterile 20‐like kinase 1 (Mst1) knockout abolished the protective effects of Luteolin administration. Luteolin enhances cardiac function, reduces cardiac enzyme and inflammatory markers release after MI. The protective effects of Luteolin are associated with up‐regulation of autophagy and improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis through Mst1 inhibition.
Temperature effects on hatching and viability of Juvenile Gill Lice,Salmincola californiensis
Authors: Vigil E M , Christianson K R , Lepak J M , Williams P J 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSalmonids of the genusOncorhynchus, distributed throughout the Pacific Rim, can be infected by the gill lice speciesSalmincola californiensis(Dana, 1852), which makes them one of the most broadly distributed gill lice species. Despite their broad distribution and valuable obligate salmonid hosts, relatively little is known aboutS. californiensis. We evaluated effects of temperature on timing ofS. californiensishatching and survival of copepodids, and provide information on brood size and variability. Our results suggest that temperature was a primary driver of timing ofS. californiensishatching and post‐hatching survival. Prior to this study, the free‐swimming stage ofS. californiensiswas reported to survive approximately 2 days without a suitable host. We observed active copepodids 13 days after hatch with some individuals from most (>90%) viable egg sacs at all temperature treatments surviving ≥5 days. Our findings indicate that warmer temperatures could increase development rates of gill lice at certain life stages, potentially increasing fecundity. This information coupled with predictions that warmer water temperatures could intensify crowding of coldwater fishes, stress, and parasite transmission suggests that climate change could exacerbate negative effects ofS. californiensison ecologically and economically important salmonids.
Do European Firms Behave as if they Converge toward a Target Capital Structure?
Authors: Marinšek Denis , Pahor Marko , Mramor Dušan , Luštrik Roman 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUtilizing a large sample of European firms, we demonstrate that firms behave as if they converge toward a target capital structure (“leveraging process”), defined by traditional trade‐off variables. Moreover, we find that such behavior is evident regardless of firm size and ownership structure. We compare the degree of convergence among different groups of firms and find that medium‐sized firms, firms from the new EU member states, and firms from Southern Europe exhibit a stronger “leveraging process” than the rest of the sampled firms. Our results also highlight that the economic crisis, which began in the late 2008, impacted the leveraging dynamics; however, the general pattern of convergence remained unchanged.
Effect of treatment temperature on the microstructure of asphalt binders: insights on the development of dispersed domains
Authors: MENAPACE I. , MASAD E. , BHASIN A. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis paper offers important insights on the development of the microstructure in asphalt binders as a function of the treatment temperature. Different treatment temperatures are useful to understand how dispersed domains form when different driving energies for the mobility of molecular species are provided. Small and flat dispersed domains, with average diameter between 0.02 and 0.70 μm, were detected on the surface of two binders at room temperature, and these domains were observed to grow with an increase in treatment temperature (up to over 2 μm). Bee‐like structures started to appear after treatment at or above 100°C. Moreover, the effect of the binder thickness on its microstructure at room temperature and at higher treatment temperatures was investigated and is discussed in this paper. At room temperature, the average size of the dispersed domains increased as the binder thickness decreased. A hypothesis that conciliates current theories on the origin and development of dispersed domains is proposed. Small dispersed domains (average diameter around 0.02 μm) are present in the bulk of the binder, whereas larger domains and bee‐like structures develop on the surface, following heat treatment or mechanical disturbance that reduces the film thickness. Molecular mobility and association are the key factors in the development of binder microstructure.