bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between the Risk of Developing Sleep Disorders with Lung Mechanics and Thoracic Ultrasound Signals in Adults with Obesity
Authors: Silva Sidney Fernandes da , Santos Carlos Eduardo , Fonseca Iasmim Maria Pereira Pinto , Pereira Wellington de Oliveira , Anjos Hendyl Pereira Soares dos , Lopes Agnaldo José 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to compare the risk of developing sleep disorders with abnormalities in lung mechanics, abnormal ultrasound signals, and anthropometric parameters in adults with obesity.
Materials and Methods A total of 50 individuals were assessed for the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using the Mallampati classification, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Snoring, Tiredness, Observed Apnea, High Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Age, Neck Circumference, and Gender (STOP-Bang) questionnaire, and the Sleep Apnea Clinical Score (SACS). Patients also underwent respiratory oscillometry, spirometry, and thoracic ultrasound.
Results The subgroup with abnormal respiratory oscillometry was more likely to have an ESS score indicating a high risk of developing OSA (87.5%) than the subgroup with normal respiratory oscillometry (42.9%) (p = 0.024). On thoracic ultrasound, the frequency of patients with a Mallampati classification of high risk of developing OSA was greater in the subgroup with > 2 B-lines (80%) than in the subgroup with ≤ 2 B-lines (25.7%) (p = 0.0003). The subgroup with subpleural consolidations was more likely to have an OSA-indicative ESS score (100%) than the subgroup without subpleural consolidations (41.9%) (p = 0.004). According to the multivariate analysis, > 2 B lines and body mass index were found to be independent variables for predicting the Mallampati classification, while subpleural consolidation was the only independent variable for predicting the ESS score.
Conclusion In adults with obesity, the greater the risk of developing OSA was, the worse the resistive and reactive parameters measured by respiratory oscillometry. Abnormal respiratory oscillometry and abnormal thoracic ultrasound are factors associated with a high risk of developing OSA.
Enhanced electrical performance in graphene field-effect transistors through post-annealing of high-k HfLaO gate dielectrics
Authors: Liu Chunlin , Li Xuesong , Qian Ling-Xuan , Tian Jing , Zhang Xiping 
Published: August 2024

High-k gate dielectrics have attracted a great deal of attention in the investigation of transistors due to their unique properties such as superior gate controllability. However, their integration into graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) remains problematic and the physical mechanisms governing the performance of these devices are still not fully understood. In this study, the effects of post-annealing on GFETs utilizing the high-k HfLaO ternary oxide as the gate dielectric were comprehensively investigated. The HfLaO film was deposited on top of graphene by magnetron sputtering, and the device performance with various post-annealing temperatures was conducted. It was found that post-annealing temperature can effectively increase the dielectric constant through balancing the oxygen-vacancy defects and moisture absorption. Both the surface morphology of HfLaO and performance of GFETs were investigated, and the fabricated GFETs exhibit notable electrical performance enhancements. Specifically, GFETs with a 200 °C post-annealed HfLaO gate dielectric demonstrate the optimal device performance, featuring a minimal Dirac point voltage (VDirac) of 1.1 V and a minimal hysteresis (ΔVDirac) of 0.5 V. The extracted hole and electron mobilities are 4012 and 1366 cm2/V · s, respectively, nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of GFETs with as-deposited HfLaO. This work outperforms other existing GFETs utilizing high-k gate dielectric and chemical vapor deposition grown graphene in terms of both carrier mobility and on–off ratio. It is also noted that the excessive post-annealing temperature can negatively impact the GFET performance through introducing oxygen vacancies, increasing the surface roughness, lowering the breakdown voltage, and inducing recrystallization.
Load-dependent optical coherence tomography attenuation imaging: How tissue mechanics can influence optical scattering
Authors: Gong Peijun , Boman Imogen , Zilkens Renate , Yeomans Chris , Hardie Mireille , Rijhumal Anmol , Saunders Christobel M. , Kennedy Brendan F. 
Published: August 2024

Mechanical load imparted to tissue, for example via handheld imaging probes, leads to tissue deformation, altering the distribution of tissue microstructure and, consequently, attenuation of light and image formation in optical imaging. In mechanically heterogeneous tissue, the load can result in spatially varying deformation and, therefore, spatially varying changes in the attenuation of light, which may provide additional image contrast. To investigate this potential, an assessment of the spatially resolved impact of mechanical deformation of the tissue on optical imaging is critical; however, it is challenging to incorporate stress mapping into optical imaging without obscuring the detection of photons. To address this, we present the novel integration of stress imaging using optical palpation with attenuation imaging based on optical coherence tomography (OCT). The method was implemented using a compliant silicone sensor incorporated into a custom handheld OCT probe, providing two-dimensional stress imaging with concurrent attenuation imaging. Attenuation imaging with varying mechanical loads was demonstrated on 19 tissue regions acquired from eight freshly excised human breast specimens. The results demonstrated distinct characteristics for different breast tissue types: benign stroma showed relatively large increases in attenuation (e.g., ∼0.3 to 0.4 mm−1/kPa) over a low stress range (∼2 to 10 kPa), while cancerous tissue showed markedly small increases in attenuation (e.g., ∼0.005 to 0.02 mm−1/kPa) mainly over a medium to high stress range (∼10 to 90 kPa). The integration of stress imaging with attenuation imaging provided a pilot assessment of the spatially resolved impact of tissue mechanical heterogeneity on optical attenuation, providing novel image contrast by encoding variations in mechanical properties on optical attenuation in tissue.
Magneto-optical Kerr effect of noncollinear antiferromagnetic Mn3Ir films
Authors: Yamada Kihiro T. , Yamaguchi Kotarou , Kobayashi Yuta , Takamura Yota , Munekata Hiro , Ono Teruo , Moriyama Takahiro , Satoh Takuya 
Published: August 2024

We present the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) of (111)-oriented antiferromagnetic L12-Mn3Ir films epitaxially grown on MgO (111) substrates. We observed that the amplitude and sign of the polar MOKE change depending on the growth temperature. The Mn3Ir films grown at 800 and 600 °C have rotation angles of 41.6 and −4.6 mdeg and ellipticity angles of −15.3 and 9.1 mdeg, respectively. Residual strains owing to heteroepitaxial growth on the order of a few tenths of a percent can play a critical role in determining the amplitude and sign of the MOKE of a noncollinear antiferromagnet, unlike ferromagnets.
A low-cost and convenient route of fabricating GaN films with P-type mixed microcrystalline and amorphous structure deposited via Ga target of magnetron sputtering
Authors: Chen Xueqing , Li Nan , Xing Zerong , Zu Jiasheng , Meng Xianwei , Zhou Zhuquan , Li Qian , Tian Lifeng , Cui Yuntao , Liu Jing 
Published: August 2024

GaN, a third-generation semiconductor, has gained widespread attention owing to its high temperature resistance, wide bandgap, and high critical breakdown electric fields. Magnetron sputtering has a broad potential in the field of low-cost growth of GaN on account of high efficiency, superior quality, and convenient operation. However, challenges caused from the pure Ga targets with a huge refrigeration system need to be resolved for wide practices. Here, a new and cost-effective Ga target for magnetron sputtering was fabricated by utilizing the wetting properties of CuGa2 and Ga. Mixed microcrystalline and amorphous GaN films were obtained via reactive magnetron sputtering employing the Ga target. The average deposition rate is about 1.68 nm/min, and the average roughness is ∼7.45 ± 0.26 nm under 100 W of sputtering power. In addition, the sputtered GaN films were found to be wide-bandgap and p-type semiconductors with high transmittance, as revealed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and absorption spectra. The GaN films display a bandgap of ∼3.60 eV and a transmittance exceeding 88.5% in the visible range. Furthermore, field-effect transistors and metal–semiconductor–metal photodetectors have been fabricated using the obtained GaN films, demonstrating favorable response characteristics. The prospects of microcrystalline/amorphous GaN films in sensing, power devices, and flexible electronics were forecasted. Overall, a low-cost and pervasive route of target fabrication process expands the possibilities of using low melting point metals in magnetron sputtering.
Preparatory study of feasibility for a vertical viewing electron cyclotron emission diagnostic for the JT-60SA tokamak
Authors: Tokuzawa T. , Yoshida M. , Imazawa R. , Nakagawa S. , Inagaki S. , Kin F. , Chiba S. , Suzuki N. , Nasu T. , Fujisawa A. , Ida K. 
Published: August 2024

A preparatory study is underway to investigate the feasibility study of high-energetic, non-thermal electron distribution function measurements using a vertical-viewing electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostic on JT-60SA. The system is designed to detect broad ECE spectra (70–260 GHz) due to the second, third, and fourth harmonics using a focusing optics system with four quasi-optical mirrors in the upper port of JT-60SA. A Gaussian beam optics design is performed in vacuum, and ray tracing calculations are performed in plasma using the TRAVIS code to investigate density characteristics. A ceramic viewing dump is also designed to reduce the effects of multiple reflections from the opposing vacuum vessel surface.
A photo rechargeable capacitor based on the p–n heterojunction of ZnO/ZIF-67 showing enhanced photovoltage
Authors: Lv Yanlong , Sun Xin , Mi Changhua , Gu Jianan , Wang Yanhong , Li Meicheng 
Published: August 2024

The photo rechargeable device (PRD) has been continuously drawing attention because it combines energy conversion and storage in one device. As for the photoelectrode of PRD, the construction of heterojunction is of crucial importance to enhance the photo performance. In this work, a two-electrode photo rechargeable capacitor based on the p–n heterojunction of ZnO/ZIF-67 is fabricated. ZIF-67 not only serves as the energy storage material but also forms the p–n heterojunction together with ZnO. A fast volatilization method was adopted for the in situ growth of ZIF-67 on ZnO nanorods to ensure sufficient mass loading and fewer interface defects. The results show a photovoltage of 0.36 V (0.2 V higher than single ZnO), a specific capacitance of 759.0 mF/g, and an overall energy conversion efficiency of 0.49%. The enhanced photovoltage is attributed to the p–n heterojunction. Moreover, a practical button cell was also fabricated, with 91% Coulombic efficiency remaining after 3000 cycles in the dark.
Apparatus for the room temperature measurement of low field Nernst and magneto-Seebeck coefficients
Authors: Porter C. E. , Crawford C. M. , Toberer E. S. 
Published: August 2024

Nernst coefficient measurements are a classic approach to investigate charge carrier scattering in both metals and semiconductors. However, such measurements are not commonly performed, despite the potential to inform material design strategies in applications such as thermoelectricity. As dedicated instruments are extremely scarce, we present here a room temperature apparatus to measure the low field Nernst coefficient (and magneto-Seebeck coefficient) in bulk polycrystalline samples. This apparatus is specifically designed to promote accurate and facile use, with the expectation that such an instrument will make Nernst measurements de rigueur. In this apparatus, sample loading and electrical contacts are all pressure-based and alignment is automatic. Extremely stable thermal control (10 mK of fluctuation when ΔT = 1 K) is achieved from actively cooled thermoelectric modules that operate as heaters or Peltier coolers. Magneto-Seebeck measurements are integrated into the system to correct for residual probe offsets. Data from the apparatus are provided on bulk polycrystalline samples of bismuth, InSb, and SnTe, including raw data to illustrate the process of calculating the Nernst coefficient. Finally, we review how Nernst measurements, in concert with Seebeck, Hall, and electrical resistivity, can be analyzed via the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation to self-consistently predict the Fermi level, effective mass, and energy-dependent relaxation time.
Recent progresses and applications on chiroptical metamaterials: a review
Authors: Wang Yan , Wu Zeyu , Yu Wenming , Liu Zhengqi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chiroptical metamaterials have attracted considerable attention owing to their exciting opportunities for fundamental research and practical applications over the past 20 years. Through practical designs, the chiroptical response of chiral metamaterials can be several orders of magnitude higher than that of natural chiral materials. Chiroptical metamaterials therefore represent a special type of artificial structures for unique chiroptical activities. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the progresses in the development of chiroptical metamaterials. Chiroptical metamaterial progress enables applications, including asymmetric transmission, polarization conversion, chiral absorber, chiral imaging, chiral sensor and chiral emission. We also review fabrication techniques and design of chiroptical metamaterials based on deep learning. In the conclusion, we present possible further research directions in this field.
Properties of a continuous optical discharge sustained by short-wave infrared laser radiation in high pressure argon
Authors: Androsenko V N , Kotov M A , Solovyov N G , Shemyakin A N , Yakimov M Yu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the experimental study of the characteristics of a continuous optical discharge (COD) sustained by high power continuous wave laser radiation at a wavelength λ = 1.08 μm in high pressure argon. New data on the COD threshold laser power dependence of argon pressure in the range 20–50 bar is obtained. The COD threshold laser power is shown to be in good agreement with the data obtained by other authors and theoretical evaluations provided the contribution of plasma energy loss due to thermal radiation is taken into account properly. The maximum plasma temperature was estimated to be 20–21 kk or higher, favorable to obtain high UV spectral radiance. A study of the convective plume oscillations around COD in argon has been carried out. It is found that in the pressure range 25–35 bars the growth of the laser radiation power leads to a decrease in convection oscillation frequency from 33 to 29 Hz, while the radius of the convective plume grows accordingly. The oscillation frequency ν and characteristic radius of the convective plume r
0 were found to obey the similarity relation

ν
=
0.5

g

/

2

r
0

previously established in experiments with COD in xenon. These results are promising for using COD in argon as a high brightness broadband UV radiation source.
Effect of aliovalent substitution on the local structure of CaKFe4As4 superconductor
Authors: Tomassucci G , Tortora L , Minati F , Russo M , Duchenko A , Varsano F , Masi A , Campi G , Simonelli L , Martin-Diaconesu V , Boeri L , Mizokawa T , Saini N L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We have investigated the local structure of the iron-based CaKFe4As4 superconductor featuring distinct aliovalent substitutions at the Ca and K sites, that is CaKFe4As4, CaK0.9Sr0.1Fe4As4, CaK0.9Ba0.1Fe4As4 and Ca0.9Na0.1K0.9Ba0.1Fe4As4. Temperature-dependent Fe K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements are used to determine the near-neighbors bondlengths and their stiffness. The EXAFS analysis reveals that the Fe–As bondlength undergoes negligible changes by substitution, however, the Fe–Fe bondlength and the As height are affected by the Sr substitution. The superconducting transition temperatures of CaK0.9Sr0.1Fe4As4 and CaK0.9Ba0.1Fe4As4 are very similar even if the mean As heights are significantly different suggesting that the anion height may not be a unique parameter to describe the superconductivity in CaKFe4As4. The mean As heights show a peculiar temperature dependence characteristic of CaKFe4As4 system. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent mean square relative displacements reveal similar Fe–Fe bond stiffness in all samples, instead the Fe–As bond is substantially stiffer in case of CaK0.9Sr0.1Fe4As4. The local structure results are discussed in relation to the differing transport properties of aliovalent substituted 1144 superconductor.
Melting and freezing of a skyrmion lattice
Authors: Garanin Dmitry A , Soriano Jorge F , Chudnovsky Eugene M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We report comprehensive Monte–Carlo studies of the melting of skyrmion lattices (SkL) in systems of small, medium, and large sizes with the number of skyrmions ranging from 103 to over 105. Large systems exhibit hysteresis similar to that observed in real experiments on the melting of SkLs. For sufficiently small systems which achieve thermal equilibrium, a fully reversible sharp solid–liquid transition on temperature with no intermediate hexatic phase is observed. A similar behavior is found on changing the magnetic field that provides the control of pressure in the SkL. We find that on heating the melting transition occurs via a formation of grains with different orientations of hexagonal axes. On cooling, the fluctuating grains coalesce into larger clusters until a uniform orientation of hexagonal axes is slowly established. The observed scenario is caused by collective effects involving defects and is more complex than a simple picture of a transition driven by the unbinding and annihilation of dislocation and disclination pairs.
Enhancing TDCP-specified GNSS/INS tightly coupled filter robustness in cascaded for low-cost urban applications
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhao Xingwang , Ge Yulong , Xu Jian , Hu Chao , Yu Xuexiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Integration of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) with inertial navigation systems (INS) is commonly employed to enhance navigation performance. However, conventional integrated algorithms suffer from low-quality GNSS measurements due to either inaccurate pseudorange or difficulty in ambiguity resolution when utilizing carrier phase (CP) measurements in urban environments. We propose a new time-differenced CP (TDCP-) specified GNSS/INS tightly coupled integration algorithm for low-cost urban applications. The proposed method employs a dual-rate filter scheme, wherein the potential of TDCP observations and INS-derived positions are fully harnessed for state estimation with PR outlier inhibition and CP small cycle slip repair. Field test results in urban environments demonstrate that the integrated navigation scheme proposed is superior to conventional algorithms, with an average improvement of about 13.4%, 19.2%, and 25.5% in position, velocity, and attitude, respectively.
A novel spatio-temporal characteristic extraction network for bearing remaining useful life prediction
Authors: Jiang Li , Cao Biaobiao , Zhang Xin , Chen Bingyang , Wang Lei , Li Yibing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Remaining useful life (RUL) is an important index indicating the health status of equipment, which has attracted extensive attention. Nevertheless, many existing RUL prediction methods encounter difficulties in effectively capturing comprehensive degradation features hidden in the data. Moreover, within real-world industrial scenarios, noisy signals are inevitably collected in the raw signals, thereby posing a big challenge to the precision of RUL predictions. To address the aforementioned problems, a robust RUL estimation approach based on degradation intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) selection and spatio-temporal feature regression is developed in this paper. The former addresses the issue of deep learning models struggling to extract degradation features of rolling bearings due to interference factors in vibration signals, while the latter resolves the problem of incomplete degradation features extracted by traditional RUL models under complex operating conditions. Firstly, complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise is adopted to process the raw signals, separating components with degradation features, ineffective components, and noise. Subsequently, an IMFs selection method employing fast dynamic time warping and cosine coefficients is designed to obtain the valuable degradation features. Finally, a spatio-temporal feature extraction network is presented to comprehensively and effectively capture both spatial and temporal features within the chosen degradation IMFs, achieving the prediction of RUL with high accuracy and strong robustness. The experimental part containing two case studies has validated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Calibration of the spherical tip radius of Rockwell hardness diamond indenters using a confocal laser scanning microscope
Authors: Zackaria Mutaib , Felgner Andre , Menelao Febo , Ahbe Thomas , Brand Uwe , Tutsch Rainer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The precise form of an indenter is an essential part of hardness testing methods. It is therefore incumbent upon a user to ensure that the indenter geometry is calibrated before performing a hardness test. A geometric change of the tip radius by ±5 μm can cause a change of approximately 0.6 units of Rockwell hardness C scale (HRC) in a material with a hardness of 65 HRC. Keeping in mind that the measurement uncertainty is typically of the order of 0.3 HRC, it is critical to know the true value of the tip radius. Typically, tactile methods are used to determine the tip radius of a Rockwell hardness diamond indenter from the measured surface topography. Two main drawbacks of tactile measurements are the long duration of measurement and the limitation in capturing surface features of sizes smaller than the probe tip radius of 2 μm. Both could be overcome by using an optical 3D measurement. Confocal laser scanning microscopes (CLSM) allow a fast contactless 3D-mapping of the surface of Rockwell hardness diamond indenters and can be used to obtain geometric information such as the tip radius. The accuracy of these 3D measurements is still under question. Within this work, some of the influencing factors for fast 3D surface measurement are investigated. Using a CLSM with a 50x objective lens and a numerical aperture of 0.95, typical shape deviations of Rockwell diamond indenters are shown. Furthermore, an improved 3D based point cloud method for the evaluation of the indenter radius is presented. The aim of this paper is to explore the capabilities and limits of CLSM to obtain the 3D surface of a Rockwell hardness diamond indenter in order to calibrate the tip radius and compare their results with measurements from traceable stylus instruments.