bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigen generation and display in therapeutic antibody drug discovery – a neglected but critical player
Authors: Ebersbach Hilmar , Geisse Sabine 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDisease intervention by targeting a critical pathway molecule through a blocking antibody or interference by therapeutic proteins is currently en vogue. Generation of blocking antibodies or therapeutic proteins inevitably requires the production of recombinant proteins or cell‐based immunogens. Thus, one could call the antigen molecule the neglected player in antibody drug discovery. The variety of methods available for making recombinant proteins or recombinant cell lines that present the target on the cell surface is extensive. These need to be addressed in conjunction with biochemical and biophysical quality criteria and the experimental application intended. Fundamentally, successful production and isolation of monoclonal antibodies requires optimized antigen preparation and presentation to the immune host. This review summarizes the most important aspects of antigen generation and display, enabling logical decision making to give rise to potent high‐affinity antibodies.
Multimodal chromatography: An efficient tool in downstream processing of proteins
Authors: Kallberg Kristian , Johansson Hans‐Olof , Bulow Leif 
Published: November 2012

AbstractChromatography has become an indispensable tool for the purification of proteins. Since the regulatory demands on protein purity are expected to become stricter, the need for generating improved resins for chromatographic separations has increased. More advanced scientific investigations of protein structure/function relationships, in particular, have also been a driving force for generating more sophisticated chromatographic materials for protein separations. As a consequence, the development of alternative chromatographic strategies has been very rapid during the past decade and several new ligands have been designed and explored both in the laboratory and in large‐scale industrial settings. This review describes some of these efforts using multimodal chromatography, where two or more physicochemical properties are used to enhance the specificity of the interactions between the protein and the ligand on the chromatographic matrix. In addition to experimental studies, computer modeling of ligand‐protein binding has improved the design of ligands for protein recognition. The use of descriptors as well as in silico docking methods have been implemented to design multimodal resins in several instances.
Electrospun synthetic and natural nanofibers for regenerative medicine and stem cells
Authors: Kai Dan , Jin Guorui , Prabhakaran Molamma P. , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNanofibers are attractive substrates for tissue regeneration applications because they structurally mimic the native extracellular matrix. Electrospinning has been recognized as one of the most efficient techniques to fabricate polymer nanofibers. Recent research has demonstrated that cellular responses, for example attachment, proliferation and differentiation, can be modulated by tuning nanofiber properties. In combination with other processing techniques, such as particulate leaching or three‐dimensional printing, nanofibrous scaffolds incorporating macroporous networks could be developed to enhance infiltration of cells. Three dimensional nanofiber‐based constructs offer an opportunity to achieve advanced functional tissue regeneration. This review explores the advantageous effects of nanofibers on cell behaviors compared to traditional scaffolds.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of L‐lactide/ε‐caprolactone copolymer scaffold to support myoblast growth and differentiation
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Balaji , Shah Viru , Soram Memtombi , Viswanathan Chandra , Ghosh Deepa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSkeletal muscle regeneration involves the activation of satellite cells to myoblasts, followed by their proliferation and fusion to form multinucleated myotubes and myofibers. The potential of in vitro proliferated myoblasts to treat various diseases and tissue defects can be exploited using tissue‐engineering principles. With an aim to develop a biocompatible and biodegradable scaffold that supports myoblast growth and differentiation, we have developed a porous sponge with 70/30 L‐lactide/ε‐caprolactone copolymer (PLC) using a phase inversion combined with particulate leaching method. Degradation studies indicated that the sponge retained its structural integrity for 5 months in vitro and had undergone complete biodegradation within 9 months in vivo. The sponge supported human myoblasts attachment and its proliferation. Myoblasts seeded on the PLC sponge differentiated and fused in vitro to form myotubes expressing myosin heavy chain. Histological and molecular analyses of the PLC scaffolds seeded with green fluorescent protein‐labeled human myoblasts and implanted ectopically under the skin in SCID mice demonstrated the presence of multinucleated myotubes expressing human muscle‐specific markers. Our results suggest that PLC sponges loaded with myoblasts can be used for skeletal muscle engineering or for inducing muscle repair. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2013
General Belongingness, Workplace Belongingness, and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Cockshaw Wendell David , Shochet Ian M. , Obst Patricia L. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTResearch has shown that a strong relationship exists between belongingness and depressive symptoms; however, the contribution of specific types of belongingness remains unknown. Participants (N=369) completed the sense of belonging instrument, psychological sense of organizational membership, and the depression scale of the depression anxiety stress scales. Factor analysis demonstrated that workplace and general belongingness are distinct constructs. When regressed onto depressive symptoms, these belongingness types made independent contributions, together accounting for 45% of variance, with no moderation effects evident. Hence, general belongingness and specific workplace belongingness appear to have strong additive links to depressive symptoms. These results add support to the belongingness hypothesis and sociometer theory and have significant implication for depression prevention and treatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting a Regulatory Element in Human Thymidylate Synthase mRNA
Authors: Brunn Nicholas D. , Garcia Sega Emily , Kao Melody B. , Hermann Thomas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of thymidine. The use of TS inhibitors in cancer chemotherapy suffers from resistance development in tumors through upregulation of TS expression. Autoregulatory translation control has been implicated with TS overexpression. TS binding at its own mRNA, which leads to sequestration of the start codon, is abolished when the enzyme forms an inhibitor complex, thereby relieving translation suppression. We have used the protein‐binding site from the TS mRNA in the context of a bicistronic expression system to validate targeting the regulatory motif with stabilizing ligands that prevent ribosomal initiation. Stabilization of the RNA by mutations, which were studied as surrogates of ligand binding, suppresses translation of the TS protein. Compounds that stabilize the TS‐binding RNA motif and thereby inhibit ribosomal initiation might be used in combination with existing TS enzyme‐targeting drugs to overcome resistance development during chemotherapy.
NanoSelect Pd Catalysts: What Causes the High Selectivity of These Supported Colloidal Catalysts in Alkyne Semi‐Hydrogenation?
Authors: Witte Peter T. , Boland Susan , Kirby Fiona , van Maanen Ramon , Bleeker Bas F. , de Winter D. A. Matthijs , Post Jan A. , Geus John W. , Berben Peter H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn recent years, many articles describing the preparation of supported colloidal catalysts have been published. The semi‐hydrogenation of alkynes to yield cis‐alkenes is often used as a test reaction in these publications. Many highly selective catalysts are described. However, a satisfactory explanation for the high reported selectivity has never been shown. Here we report a study on the possible effects that lead to the large selectivity differences between current commercial Pd/C catalysts and our newly developed NanoSelect catalysts. The focus is on differences in chemical composition as well as catalyst characteristics. We use a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM) to locate the metal particle with respect to the surface of the support. FIB‐SEM analysis clearly shows the absence of the active component inside the support material, which could explain the high observed selectivity. Nevertheless, an effect of the stabilizer cannot be ruled out.
Catalytic Performance of Zeolite‐Supported Vanadia in the Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐diformylfuran
Authors: Sádaba Irantzu , Gorbanev Yury Y. , Kegnæs Søren , Putluru Siva Sankar Reddy , Berg Rolf W. , Riisager Anders 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe catalytic performance of zeolite‐supported vanadia catalysts was examined for the aerobic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) in organic solvents such as N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, trifluorotoluene and DMSO. Catalysts based on the four different zeolite supports H‐beta, H‐Y, H‐mordenite, and H‐ZSM‐5 with 1–10 wt % vanadia loading were prepared and characterized by nitrogen physisorption, X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption, Raman spectroscopy and UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The H‐beta zeolite catalysts were found to contain highly dispersed vanadium oxide species at all loadings, and provided the highest reaction selectivity towards DFF and the lowest metal leaching of the examined systems. In particular, 1 wt % V2O5/H‐beta was found to be a stable, recyclable, and non‐leaching catalyst for the production of DFF under mild conditions in DMF as solvent, although with low DFF yield. To increase the yield, oxidation of HMF at elevated pressures was also investigated with this catalyst. Under optimized conditions, a reaction selectivity towards DFF of >99 % at 84 % HMF conversion was obtained, albeit with some contribution from lixiviated species to the total catalyst activity.
Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Armeniaspirols A–C: Potent Antibiotics against Gram‐Positive Pathogens
Authors: Dufour Cosima , Wink Joachim , Kurz Michael , Kogler Herbert , Olivan Helene , Sablé Serge , Heyse Winfried , Gerlitz Martin , Toti Luigi , Nußer Antje , Rey Astrid , Couturier Cedric , Bauer Armin , Brönstrup Mark 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn an antibiotic lead discovery program, the known strain Streptomyces armeniacus DSM19369 has been found to produce three new natural products when cultivated on a malt‐containing medium. The challenging structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was achieved by using three independent methods, that is, chemical degradation followed by NMR spectroscopy, a computer‐assisted structure prediction algorithm, and X‐ray crystallography. The compounds, named armeniaspirol A–C (2–4), exhibit a compact, hitherto unprecedented chlorinated spiro[4.4]non‐8‐ene scaffold. Labeling experiments with [1‐13C] acetate, [1,2‐13C2] acetate, and [U‐13C] proline suggest a biosynthesis through a rare two‐chain mechanism. Armeniaspirols displayed moderate to high in vitro activities against Gram‐positive pathogens such as methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin resistant E. faecium (VRE). As analogue 2 was active in vivo in an MRSA sepsis model, and showed no development of resistance in a serial passaging experiment, it represents a new antibiotic lead structure.
tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl‐Directed Highly Enantioselective Approach to Axially Chiral α‐Allenols
Authors: Ye Juntao , Fan Wu , Ma Shengming 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA highly efficient and enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral α‐allenols was realized in practical yields with 96–99 % ee or de from TBS‐protected propargylic alcohols, aldehydes, and a commercially available, inexpensive, chiral, secondary amine (S)‐α,α‐diphenylprolinol or its enantiomer followed by desilylation. The easily removable TBS group not only acts as a protecting group, but also as a possible sterically directing group for the excellent enantioselectivity and in situ prevention of possible allene racemization.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Bismuth‐Triflate‐Catalysed Cycloisomerisation of 1,6,10‐Trienes and Aryl Polyenes
Authors: Godeau Julien , Fontaine‐Vive Fabien , Antoniotti Sylvain , Duñach Elisabet 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCycloisomerisation of polyenes such as diethyl geranylprenylmalonate [(E)‐1 a], diethyl geranylphenylmalonate [(E)‐2 a] and diethyl cinnamylgeranylmalonate [(E,E)‐3 a] catalysed by bismuth triflate was studied from experimental and theoretical viewpoints. Several intermediates were isolated and characterised, and calculated transition‐state structures are proposed for the three reactions. The diastereoselectivity observed during the reaction of (E)‐ or (Z)‐2 a in favour of the formation of trans‐fused bicyclic products is discussed in detail. The nature of the active catalytic species derived from bismuth triflate was also investigated, and the formation of a hybrid Lewis acid/Brønsted acid catalyst with water molecules is proposed, supported by experimental and theoretical data.
Synthesis and Structure–Property Relationships of 2,2′‐Bis(benzo[b]phosphole) and 2,2′‐Benzo[b]phosphole–Benzo[b]heterole Hybrid π Systems
Authors: Hayashi Yukiko , Matano Yoshihiro , Suda Kayo , Kimura Yoshifumi , Nakao Yoshihide , Imahori Hiroshi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe first comprehensive study of the synthesis and structure–property relationships of 2,2′‐bis(benzo[b]phosphole)s and 2,2′‐benzo[b]phosphole–benzo[b]heterole hybrid π systems is reported. 2‐Bromobenzo[b]phosphole P‐oxide underwent copper‐assisted homocoupling (Ullmann coupling) and palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling (Stille coupling) to give new classes of benzo[b]phosphole derivatives. The benzo[b]phosphole–benzo[b]thiophene and ‐indole derivatives were further converted to P,X‐bridged terphenylenes (X=S, N) by a palladium‐catalyzed oxidative cycloaddition reaction with 4‐octyne through the CβH activation. X‐ray analyses of three compounds showed that the benzo[b]phosphole‐benzo[b]heterole derivatives have coplanar π planes as a result of the effective conjugation through inter‐ring CC bonds. The π–π* transition energies and redox potentials of the cis and trans isomers of bis(benzo[b]phosphole) P‐oxide are very close to each other, suggesting that their optical and electrochemical properties are little affected by the relative stereochemistry at the two phosphorus atoms. The optical properties of the benzo[b]phosphole–benzo[b]heterole hybrids are highly dependent on the benzo[b]heterole subunits. Steady‐state UV/Vis absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime measurements, and theoretical calculations of the non‐fused and acetylene‐fused benzo[b]phosphole–benzo[b]heterole π systems revealed that their emissive excited states consist of two different conformers in rapid equilibrium.
Bloom of Hemidiscus hardmannianus (Bacillariophyceae) and Its Impact on Water Quality and Plankton Community Structure in a Mangrove Wetland
Authors: Naha Biswas Sejuti , Godhantaraman Nallamuthu , Sarangi Ranjit K. , Bhattacharya Bhaskar D. , Sarkar Santosh K. , Satpathy Kamala K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn intense monospecies bloom of the centric diatom Hemidiscus hardmannianus (Greville) Mann. (Bacillariophyceae) occurred in the coastal waters of Sundarban mangrove wetland, India on 22 July, 2010. The species was abruptly flourished (mean density 8.86 × 106 cells/L) resulting intense green coloration of water. The greatest impoverishment of diversity and density of phytoplankton, micro‐ and mesozooplankton community was observed during the bloom. The phytoplankton community showed an extreme reduction in diversity (12 species to one) and sharp decrease in standing stock (12.84 × 103 to 8.86 × 106 cells/L) during this period. The late bloom condition coincided with sudden and huge arrival of a clupoid fish Hilsa ilisha which forms the most potential fisheries in Sundarban deltaic region. An attempt has been made to correlate the satellite remote sensing‐derived information to the bloom conditions. The MODIS‐Aqua derived chlorophyll and TMI satellite derived sea surface temperature and wind speed maps have been interpreted.
Helium Nanodroplet Isolation Spectroscopy and ab Initio Calculations of HO3(O2)n Clusters
Authors: Liang Tao , Raston Paul L. , Douberly Gary E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHO3(O2)n clusters are formed by the sequential addition of the hydroxyl radical and O2 molecules to superfluid helium nanodroplets. IR laser spectroscopy in the fundamental OH stretching region reveals the presence of several bands assigned to species as large as n=4. Detailed ab initio calculations are carried out for multiple isomers of cis‐ and trans‐HO3O2, corresponding to either hydrogen‐ or oxygen‐bonded van der Waals complexes. Comparisons to theory suggest that the structure of the HO3O2 complex formed in helium droplets is a hydrogen‐bonded 4A′ species consisting of a trans‐HO3 core. The computed binding energy of the complex is approximately 240 cm−1. Despite the weak interaction between trans‐HO3 and O2, nonadditive redshifts of the OH stretching frequency are observed upon successive solvation by O2 to form larger clusters with n>1.
Oxide Coating of Alumina Nanoporous Structure Using ALD to Produce Highly Porous Spinel
Authors: Rauwel Erwan , Nilsen Ola , Rauwel Protima , Walmsley John Charles , Frogner Heidi Berge , Rytter Erling , Fjellvåg Helmer 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this work we show that atomic layer deposition (ALD) stands out as a very promising method for coating nanomaterials and, more specifically, nanoporous materials of technological interest in heterogeneous catalysis. ALD is capable of coating extremely complex shapes with high conformality and high aspect ratios. The current work describes deposition of ZnO and CoO thin films on γ‐alumina nanoporous particles with sizes ranging from 20 to 100 µm in diameter, as well on aluminum membrane discs (anodiscs), and converting the surfaces into nanoporous, mechanically more robust spinel phases. We maintain the porosity of the supporting γ‐alumina particle, despite the addition of material to the 16 nm pores, by utilizing subsequent reactions between the coated layer and γ‐alumina, following the Kirkendall mechanism. The oxide thin film coatings are deposited at 175 and 167°C for ZnO and cobalt oxide, respectively, and thereafter annealed at from 600 to 1000°C for 3 h. This represents a new way to produce highly porous spinel particles and spinel‐coated membrane discs.
QoS aware transmission control scheme for multihop WiMAX network
Authors: Ismael Fath Elrahman , Syed Yusof Sharifah K. , Abbas Mazlan , Abdul Latiff N.M. , Fisal Norsheila 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe IEEE 802.16j Mobile Multihop Relay (MMR) WiMAX network allows the number of hops between the end user and the base station to be more than two hops. It supports non‐real‐time Polling Service, which considers the minimum reserved rate and the maximum sustained rate as a QoS requirements. The reliability of sending the data over MMR WiMAX is achieved by using Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in transport layer and automatic repeat request in the link layer. However, the use of automatic repeat request in the link layer makes the round trip time fluctuate rapidly, which increases the possibility of retransmission timeout (RTO) expiration. TCP performance degrades because of frequent timeout, and hence the QoS transmission rates cannot be satisfied. Therefore, this paper presents an RTO smoothing scheme and QoS aware transmission control to enhance the performance of data transmission over MMR WiMAX networks. The RTO smoothing scheme aims to reduce the frequent timeout occurrences. The slow start threshold and maximum congestion window are adjusted to satisfy the required QoS and it provides transmission rate fairness for the users at different hops. The results showed that, the proposed schemes reduce the timeout, and improve the utilization of the allocated resources and TCP throughput. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal maternal stress affects motor function in 5½‐year‐old children: Project Ice Storm
Authors: Cao Xiujing , Laplante David P. , Brunet Alain , Ciampi Antonio , King Suzanne 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEvidence suggests that prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) has long‐term effects on several outcomes, yet effects on neuromotor function are relatively unknown. We aimed to determine whether disaster‐related PNMS predicts motor functioning in young children and whether timing of exposure and sex of the child moderate these effects. Objective and subjective PNMS levels were assessed among pregnant women exposed to a natural disaster. Their children's bilateral coordination, balance, and visual motor integration (VMI) were assessed at 5½ years. Girls performed better than boys. Objective stress exposure and subjective distress interacted such that when subjective distress was high, no added effect of objective hardship was observed; when subjective distress was low, objective hardship showed a negative effect. In girls, late pregnancy exposure was associated with poorer outcomes. In conclusion, disaster‐related PNMS is associated with relatively lower motor functions in exposed offspring. Exposure timing, sex, and type of stress influenced the effects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 117–125, 2014.
Gene flow at major transitional areas in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and the possible emergence of a hybrid swarm
Authors: Quéré Nolwenn , Desmarais Erick , Tsigenopoulos Costas S. , Belkhir Khalid , Bonhomme François , Guinand Bruno 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe population genetic structure of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) along a transect from theAtlanticOcean (AO) to theEasternMediterranean (EM) Sea differs from that of most other marine taxa in this area. Three populations (AO,WesternMediterranean [WM],EM) are recognized today, which were originally two allopatric populations. How two ancestral genetic units have evolved into three distinct units has not been addressed yet. Therefore, to investigate mechanisms that lead to the emergence of the centralWMpopulation, its current status, and its connectivity with the two parental populations, we applied 20 nuclear loci that were either gene associated or gene independent. Results confirmed the existence of three distinct gene pools, with higher differentiation at two transitional areas, theAlmeria‐OranFront (AOF) and of theSiculo‐TunisianStrait (STS), than within any population. Significant linkage disequilibrium and heterozygote excess indicated that theSTSis probably another tension zone, as already described for theAOF. Neutrality tests fail to reveal marker loci that could be driven by selection within or among metapopulations, except for locusDLA0068. Collectively, results support that the central WM population arose by trapping two tensions zones at distinct geographic locations of limited connectivity. Population assignment further revealed that WM individuals were more introgressed than individuals from the other two metapopulations. This suggests that this population might result from hybrid swarming, and was or is still seeded by genes received through the filter of each tension zone.