bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic features of Fraxinus excelsior L. with wavy-grained wood growing in Ukraine
Authors: Sopushynskyy Ivan , Teischinger Alfred 
Published: September 2013

Abstract.
The paper presents analysis of biometric features of ash with wavy-grained wood, which has decorative appeal. The research results shows that fresh broadleaves ash forest stands growing in the Vinnytsya and Sokyryany Regions of Ukraine have high potential for growing curly ash. The differences between straight-grained and wavygrained wood density and macrostructure were analysed and estimated. Statistical evaluation of the aesthetic macrostructure of wood characteristics indicated that the length of wave varied from 3,25 to 10,83 mm and its amplitude varied from 0,37 to 1,74 mm. The average width and mean height of anomalies in wood formation were equal to 15,89 mm and 5,00 mm, and their mean occurrence was 30 times m-2. Average annual growth ring width of wavy-grained ash wood was clearly greater (by 25%) than that of straight-grained wood. The density of wavy-grained wood was 82 kg·m-3 higher than straight-grained wood after oven-drying and 70 kg·m-3 higher prior to oven-drying
Changes in humidity and temperature inside the pine cones (Pinus sylvestris L.) in two stages seed extraction
Authors: Aniszewska Monika 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Temperature measurements were taken: (1) under opening scales, (2) at the seed, and (3) in the stem, of pine cones. Changes in temperature were only examined during the second stage of a two-stage seed extraction process. During this phase a permanent dehydration temperature of 50°C was used, following comparison over a ranges of temperatures, between a lower limit of 35°C and a higher limited of 50°C. The temperature was slowest to increase in the cone’s stem, and fastest to increase under opening scales. The temperature at the seed remained constant at around 43°C for the first hour of dehydration, before increasing to 50°C. The two-stages method of cone extraction employed here, with a permanent dehydration temperature of 50°C in second stage, can be used in extraction cabinets equipped with seed extractors that allow the continuous control of air humidity. The time spent soaking during the inter-stage break should last 5 minutes. Viability of seeds obtained in two-stages process was 78% to 89%
Simulation of Scots pine stand dynamics under climate change conditions in the Polish and Ukrainian parts of Roztocze
Authors: Kozak Ihor , Czekajska Patrycja , Kozak Hanna , Stępień Adam , Kociuba Piotr 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The study was conducted in the Polish (Roztoczanski National Park) and Ukrainian (Rava-Rus’ka Landscape Reserve and Yavorivskyi National Park) parts of the Roztocze region. In each of these locations three research areas were established in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands under similar ecological conditions. The purpose of this study was to carry out a survey of possible scenarios for pine stand dynamics in the Polish and Ukrainian parts of Roztocze using the FORKOME model. A control scenario was compared with four other climate change scenarios (warm dry and warm humid; cold dry and cold humid) for a period of covering the next 100 years. Using the control scenario, the FORKOME model predicted that for the next 100 years pine stands will dominate in terms of biomass and number of trees. The warm-dry and warm-humid climate scenarios resulted in slightly reduced biomass of pine stands. However pine would still maintain its dominance, although with a noticeable increase in beech and fir biomass. Nevertheless, in term of the number of trees during the second half of the simulation, it is beech and fir that dominate stand 1 in Roztoczanski National Park. Under the climate cooling scenario (cold dry and cold humid), the biomass of pine and spruce would increase during the next 100 years. Pine trees that would dominate in terms of their numbers, although the number of spruce individuals also tends to increase. The results presented in the paper indicate that the FORKOME model is very useful when investigating different climate changes scenarios in the Roztocze region.
Selected aspects of the forest recreational function in view of its users
Authors: Gołos Piotr 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The results of a survey conducted in several Promotional Forest Complexes (PFC) in the Śląskie and Podlaskie regions, as well as the urban forests in Łodź and Warsaw, indicate that visitor preferences vary among forest sites. Those forests where visitors prefer to rest should be located in forests designated for recreation, and include elements of recreational infrastructure. Depending on characteristics of the forest in question (seaside, lakeside, or mountains), respondents preferred forest located near to the water’s edge, whereas in mountainous areas they selected open places (roads and openings). Urban residents more commonly chose sites deep within the forest, while hikers selected forest edges. The desired recreational infrastructure, included garbage cans and hiking trails as the most important elements among city dwellers, while hikers pointed to rest areas and information boards. The respondents consistently agreed on the type of recreational activities conducted in forests as well as on type of elements which determine the attractiveness of forests for rest and recreation. Independently of site characteristics and the research location, the most common activities for respondents were hiking and riding bicycle; and attractive elements were silence and calm as well as cleanliness of the forests. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to evaluate respondents’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for intensification of selected public forest functions and forest management, including recreational functions. The number of respondents who declared a hypothetical monetary amount or WTP>0 depended on the place where research was conducted (forest or respondent’s home); forest area covered by financing (forests in general or local forests where respondents reside); the type of question used to obtain the information on WTP; as well as the scope of financing (all public forest functions or just a recreational function). The average WTP declared per household per year varied from 41 PLN (Gołos, Janeczko 2002) to 150 PLN (Gołos, Kaliszewski 2006) for selected forest areas. The average overall state statistics for WTP was 52 PLN (non-timber forest functions in municipality) and 41 PLN (recreational management of forests in municipality). The respondents also underlined that the goods and services provided should be co-financed from both state and local budgets, and that such financing should go directly to the organizations conducting forest management
Supramolecular complexes of cobalt(II), manganese(II) and cadmium(II) with bis(terpyridine) ligand as novel luminescent materials
Authors: Wałęsa-Chorab Monika , Gorczyński Adam , Marcinkowski Damian , Hnatejko Zbigniew , Patroniak Violetta 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Self-assembly of N6-donor bis(terpyridine) ligand L with transition metal ions: Co(II), Mn(II) and Cd(II) leads to a formation of three kinds of supramolecular complexes. In the electronic absorption and emission spectra of supramolecular complexes additional bands were observed what was ascribed to the coordination of ligand molecules to metal ions. Luminescence properties of these complexes strongly depend on the kind of metal ions and counter ions. The effective blue luminescence was observed in the case of Mn(II) and Cd(II) complexes in which all N-donor atoms of ligand molecules coordinate with the metal center
Efficiency of selected phase transfer catalysts for the synthesis of 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene in the presence of H2O2/H3PW12O40 as catalytic system
Authors: Lewandowski Grzegorz 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The results of the studies on the influence of the phase transfer catalyst on the epoxidation of (Z,E,E)-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene (CDT) to 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene (ECDD) in the H2O2/H3PW12O40 system by a method of phase transfer catalysis (PTC) were presented. The following quaternary ammonium salts were used as phase transfer catalysts: methyltributylammonium chloride, (cetyl)pyridinium bromide, methyltrioctylammonium chloride, (cetyl)pyridinium chloride, dimethyl[dioctadecyl(76%)+dihexadecyl(24%)] ammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide and methyltrioctylammonium bromide. Their catalytic activity was evaluated on the basis of the degree of CDT and hydrogen peroxide conversion and the selectivities of transformation to ECDD in relation to consumed CDT and hydrogen peroxide. The most effective PT catalysts were selected based on the obtained results. Among the onium salts under study, the epoxidation of CDT with hydrogen peroxide proceeds the most effectively in the presence of methyltrioctylammonium chloride (Aliquat® 336) and (cetyl)pyridinium chloride (CPC). The relatively good results of CDT epoxidation were also achieved in the presence of Arquad® 2HT and (cetyl)pyridinium bromide
The assessment of the impact of retention reservoirs on the water quality of streams in urban areas (Oruński Stream catchment case)
Authors: Pietruszyński Łukasz , Olszewska Alicja , Bogdanowicz Robert 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to assess the impact of reservoirs on the water quality of watercourses in the urbanized catchment. To realize this goal Oruński Stream catchment was characterized with particular emphasis on retention reservoirs located within the catchment. Studies carried out were to show that these retention reservoirs change the water quality of the stream flowing through it and what the direction of these changes is.
Quality of life following endoscopic endonasal resection of anterior skull base cancers
Authors: Castelnuovo Paolo , Lepera Davide , Turri-Zanoni Mario , Battaglia Paolo , Bolzoni Villaret Andrea , Bignami Maurizio , Nicolai Piero , Dallan Iacopo 
Published: September 2013

Object
For several decades, the exclusive purpose in the management of anterior skull base malignancies has been to increase survival rates. Recently, given the improved prognosis achieved, more attention has been focused on quality of life (QOL) as well. Producing data on QOL in anterior skull base cancers is hampered by the rarity of the neoplasm and the lack of specific questionnaires. The purpose of this study was to assess health-related QOL in a large and homogeneous cohort of patients affected by anterior skull base cancers who had undergone endoscopic endonasal resection.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective review of patients treated for sinonasal and skull base cancers via an endoscopic endonasal approach at two Italian tertiary care referral centers. All patients were asked to complete the Anterior Skull Base Surgery Questionnaire to evaluate their QOL before and 1 month and 1 year after surgical treatment. To assess which parameters affect QOL, the study population was divided into subgroups according to age, sex, stage of disease, surgical approach, and adjuvant therapy.

Results
One hundred fifty-three patients were enrolled in this study according to the adopted inclusion criteria. Overall QOL started at a score of 4.68 for the preoperative period, sharply decreased as far as a score of 4.03 during the 1st postoperative month, and rose again to a score of 4.59 over the course of 1 year after treatment, with a significant difference among the 3 values (p < 0.05). The specific symptoms and physical status domains registered poorer results at the 1-year assessment (4.00 and 4.71, respectively) than at the preoperative assessment (both domains 4.86), with a statistically significant reduction in scores (p < 0.05). Worse outcomes were associated with several variables: age > 60 years (difference of 0.21 points between the preoperative and 1-year period, p < 0.05), expanded surgical approaches with transnasal craniectomy (decrease of 0.20 points between the preoperative and 1-year period, p < 0.05), and postoperative radiotherapy (score of 4.53 at the 1-year period vs 4.70 in patients without any adjuvant treatment, p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found when analyzing the study population according to sex (p > 0.1) and T classification of disease at presentation (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Radical endoscopic endonasal resection led to either complete or at least partial recovery of patient QOL within the 1st postoperative year.
Safety and efficacy of early thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis after intracranial hemorrhage from traumatic brain injury
Authors: Farooqui Ali , Hiser Bradley , Barnes Stephen L. , Litofsky N. Scott 
Published: September 2013

Object
Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at risk for development of thromboembolic disease. The use of chemoprophylaxis in this patient group has not fully been characterized. The authors hypothesize that early chemoprophylaxis in patients with TBI is safe and efficacious.

Methods
In May 2009, a protocol was instituted for patients with TBI where chemoprophylaxis for thromboembolic disease (either 30 mg of Lovenox twice daily or 5000 U of heparin 3 times a day) was initiated 24 hours after an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) was demonstrated as stable on head CT image. Two cohorts were evaluated: Cohort A included patients from May 2008 through April 2009 who had no routine administration of chemoprophylaxis, and Cohort B included patients from May 2009 through May 2010 after the protocol was instituted. The groups were compared, with the major outcomes being deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and increase in size of ICH.

Results
Of the 312 patients with TBI who were seen during the study course, 236 patients met criteria for inclusion in the study: 107 patients in Cohort A and 129 patients in Cohort B. The DVT rate was 6 occurrences (5.61%) in Cohort A and 0 occurrences (0%) in Cohort B, which was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0080). Pulmonary embolism was found in 4 patients (3.74%) in Cohort A and 1 patient (0.78%) in Cohort B, a difference that did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.18). Three instances (2.8%) in Cohort A and 1 instance (0.7%) in Cohort B of increased ICH occurred after starting anticoagulation for chemoprophylaxis; this was not statistically different (p = 0.33).

Conclusions
Use of chemoprophylaxis in TBI 24 hours after stable head CT is safe and decreases the rate of DVT formation.
Rupture of lenticulostriate artery aneurysms
Authors: Heck Olivier , Anxionnat René , Lacour Jean-Christophe , Derelle Anne-Laure , Ducrocq Xavier , Richard Sébastien , Bracard Serge 
Published: September 2013

The authors report on 3 rare cases of ruptured lenticulostriate artery (LSA) aneurysms that were heralded by deep cerebral hematomas. The hematomas were unilateral in 2 cases and bilateral in 1; in the bilateral case, only a single LSA aneurysm could be identified on the right side of the brain. Because of their small size (≤ 2 mm), fusiform aspect, and deep location within the brain, all of the aneurysms were treated conservatively. There was no hemorrhage recurrence, and follow-up angiography demonstrated spontaneous thrombosis in 2 of the 3 cases. The clinical course was favorable in 2 of the 3 patients. The course in the patient with the bilateral hematoma was marked by an ischemic event after the initial episode, resulting in an aggravation of deficits. The cause of this second event was uncertain.
Because our knowledge about the natural history of LSA aneurysms is incomplete, there is no consensus concerning a therapeutic strategy. The authors' experience in 3 reported cases leads them to think that a conservative approach involving close angiographic monitoring may be proposed as first-line treatment. If the monitored aneurysm then persists or grows in size, its occlusion should be considered. Nonetheless, other studies are needed to further strengthen the legitimacy of this strategy.
Delayed postoperative neurological complication in a patient with congenital kyphoscoliosis: recovered by revision of the 4-rod instrumentation technique
Authors: Javidan Pooya , Kabirian Nima , Mundis Gregory M. , Akbarnia Behrooz A. 
Published: September 2013

The authors report a case of progressive congenital kyphoscoliosis in which the patient, a boy, originally underwent combined anterior and instrumented posterior spinal fusion at the age of 7 years and 3 months. Early proximal junctional kyphosis and implant failure mandated proximal extension of implants with 2 new rods connected to the old caudad short rods. At the 3-year follow-up, clinical and CT assessment revealed a thoracolumbar pseudarthrosis for which the patient underwent a 2-stage procedure without complication. Recordings of somatosensory evoked potentials intraoperatively were normal. Twelve hours after surgery, his neurological status started to progressively deteriorate. The patient was brought to the operating room, and the initially achieved correction was reversed by an apex-only exposure of the 4-rod system. After surgery the patient started to show progressive improvement in his neurological function. A final myelography was performed and showed free passage of the dye without evidence of obstruction. Clinically, the patient continued to improve and at his 3-month follow-up had near-complete resolution of his neurological deficits. Findings on his physical examination were normal at the final 12-year follow-up.
Despite normal findings on intraoperative neuromonitoring, a delayed neurological deficit can occur after complex spine reconstruction. Preoperative risk assessment, surgical approach, and instrumentation deserve careful attention. Advantages of a 4-rod construct are discussed in this case.
L&#8217;internationalisation de la R&amp;D au service de l&#8217;innovation&#160;: Quelles approches pour les entreprises fran&#231;aises&#160;?
Authors: Bénard Christine 
Published: September 2013

Sur la base d’une enquête approfondie auprès de responsables R&D de grands groupes français, cette étude analyse les stratégies mondiales de R&D de grandes entreprises manufacturières françaises : localisation de leurs centres de recherche, partenariats académiques, recrutements d’ingénieurs et chercheurs, dans les pays matures et les pays émergents.	Ce travail met en évidence la diversité des principaux mécanismes à la base de leurs stratégies de R&D. Connaître et comprendre les pratiques de ces entreprises est déterminant : le départ progressif de leur R&D vers des marchés plus porteurs ruinerait l’espoir d’une politique d’innovation technologique en France.
La participation en ligne
Authors: Cardon Dominique 
Published: September 2013

Internet est-il susceptible de renouveler les formes fatiguées de la participation politique conventionnelle ? Cette question a suscité beaucoup d’espoir lors du développement des usages du réseau des réseaux aux débuts des années 2000. S’il est naïf de prêter à un outil technique la charge de transformer le champ des pratiques participatives, il est en revanche incontestable que les possibilités de communication offertes par les outils numériques ont accompagné une transformation des formes d’expression politiques ces quinze dernières années. Mais les pratiques participatives numériques sont beaucoup moins polarisées par l’espace politique représentatif que par l’expression, de plus en plus autonome, des capacités d’auto-organisation de la société civile.
1. Les mesures du chômage
Authors: Jugnot Stéphane 
Published: September 2013

Régulièrement, les statistiques du chômage suscitent des débats dans l’espace public au motif qu’elles ne refléteraient pas la réalité. Cette récurrence provient d’abord de la coexistence de mesures concurrentes. En particulier, il faut distinguer les comptages administratifs sur les demandeurs d’emploi inscrits auprès des organismes de placement et d’indemnisation, d’une part ; des mesures statistiques sur le chômage au sens du Bureau international du travail, utilisées pour calculer le taux de chômage, d’autre part. Les déclarations spontanées des personnes dans le recensement ou dans les enquêtes constituent une troisième forme de mesure. Ces trois types de mesures ne sont pas de même nature, elles n’ont pas le même objectif et ne mesurent pas la même chose. Mais la confusion demeure et une divergence entre elles peut faire naître des soupçons. Les controverses récurrentes mettent aussi en cause les contours du chômage, trop restrictifs pour rendre compte de l’ensemble des personnes laissées aux marges du marché du travail. Il est donc utile de rappeler que le chômage n’est pas une réalité absolue, qu’un bon outil permettrait de mesurer parfaitement. C’est aussi une construction historique, donc une réalité évolutive et sujette à débats.
7. Les emplois non pourvus : mythes et réalités
Authors: Estrade Marc-Antoine 
Published: September 2013

Le débat sur les emplois non pourvus se concentre sur l’inadéquation supposée entre les compétences des candidats et les besoins des entreprises. La réponse classiquement apportée consiste à former les demandeurs d’emploi et/ou les jeunes aux « métiers qui recrutent ». Cette inadéquation n’explique toutefois qu’une part très limitée des emplois vacants. Ceux-ci sont essentiellement liés, d’une part au fonctionnement « normal » du marché du travail qui implique une durée incompressible de recrutement et, d’autre part, à l’inexpérience des recruteurs qui conduit à des échecs, plus fréquents dans les petites entreprises.
Plant Hormone Signalling: Current Perspectives on Perception and Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Dharmasiri Sunethra , Jayaweera Thilanka , Dharmasiri Nihal 
Published: September 2013

Plant growth and development are regulated by a chemically and structurally diverse group of hormones. During the last few decades many advances have been made in understanding the perception and mechanisms of action of these plant hormones. While certain hormone responses are not necessarily related to gene regulation, all these hormones are involved in modulating gene expression by controlling either the abundance of transcriptional factors or repressors, or their activities through post-translational modifications. In this regard, ubiquitin mediated protein degradation has become a central theme in many plant hormone signalling pathways. Additionally, a multitude of novel signalling mechanisms have been uncovered for several other plant hormones during the past decade. This review discusses the recent findings related to these hormonal signalling pathways highlighting the mechanisms of hormone perception and subsequent signalling pathways leading to the regulation of gene expression. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v42i1.5895 Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 42 (1): 1-17, 2013
IL-21–Producing Th Cells in Immunity and Autoimmunity
Authors: Liu Sue M. , King Cecile 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
IL-21 is a member of the common γ-chain signaling family of cytokines. Analyses of the behavior of immune cells in response to IL-21 in vitro and studies of mice deficient in IL-21 or its receptor indicate that IL-21 has a role in lymphocyte activation, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. IL-21–producing CD4+ Th cells constitute a broad array of helper subtypes including T follicular helper cells and Th17 cells. Both autocrine and paracrine utilization of IL-21 contributes to the overall signal transduction pathways of the Ag receptor to influence the growth and survival of lymphocytes. The redundancy that IL-21 exhibits in lymphoid organs during immune responses is in stark contrast to the evidence that pharmacological neutralization of this cytokine can halt inflammation in nonlymphoid organs where IL-21 becomes the dominant voice.