bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of potassium, boron and strontium on poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Authors: Kádár Imre 
Published: January 2014

Mészlepedékes csernozjom vályogtalajon, az MTA ATK TAKI Nagyhörcsöki Kísérleti Telepén (Mezőföldön) vizsgáltuk a K, B és Sr elemek közötti kölcsönhatásokat a kísérlet 11. évében, 1998-ban mák növénnyel.Az alaptrágyázás általában 100–100 kg N és P2O5·ha−1·év−1 volt, amelyet 25%-os pétisó és szuperfoszfát formájában adtunk ki. A K-szinteket megismételt 0, 1000, 2000 kg K2O-, a B-szinteket megismételt 0, 20, 40, 60 kg B-, a Sr-szinteket 67 kg Sr hektáronkénti adaggal állítottuk be. Műtrágyaként 60%-os KCl-ot, 11%-os bóraxot és 33%-os SrCl2·6H2O sót alkalmaztunk. Főparcellánként három K-kezelés, alparcellánként négy B-kezelés, al-alparcellánként két Sr-kezelés szolgált, 24 kezeléssel×3 ismétlésben = 72 parcellával, osztott parcellás elrendezésben.A kisérlet béallításakor (1987 őszén) a szántott réteg 5% CaCO3-ot, 3% humuszt, 20% agyagot tartalmazott. A pH(H2O) 7,8; a pH(KCl) 7,3; az AL-oldható K2O es P2O5 180–200 es 100–120, a KCl-oldhato Mg 110–150, a KCl+EDTA-oldható Mn 60–80, a Cu és Zn 1–2, valamint a B 0,7 mg·kg−1 értékkel volt jellemezhető. A termőhely kielégitő K-, Ca- és Mg-; közepes N- és P-; valamint gyenge Zn- és Cu-ellátottságu. A talajvíz szintje 13–15 m mélyen található, a terület aszályérzékeny. Az átlagos középhőmérséklet 11 °C, az éves csapadékösszeg 400–600 mm közötti, egyenetlen eloszlással.A Kompolti M fajtájú mákot 1998. március 16-án vetettük el 45 cm sortávolságra, 1–2 cm mélyre. A kísérletben végzett agrotechnikai műveletekről és a vonatkozó módszertani megfigyelésekről az 1. táblázat ad áttekintést.A főbb megállapítások, levonható következtetések:
— Ebben a kedvező csapadékellátottságú évben a kezeléshatások elmaradtak. Az aratáskori szár 3,4, a tok 1,1, a mag 1,6 t·ha−1 tömeget adott, a mák összes légszáraz föld feletti biomassza tömege 6,1 t·ha−1 mennyiséget tett ki.— A bórtrágya hat év után sem mosódott a mélyebb talajrétegekbe. A sekélyen gyökerező mák szerveinek B-tartalma a többszörösére nőtt a B-terheléssel. Mérséklődött ezzel egyidejűleg a szár és a tok Ca- és Mg-koncentrációja. A K-trágyázás emelte a szár és a tok K-, illetve csökkentette a Mg %-át. Igazolható volt a hat évvel korábban adott 67 kg Sr·ha−1 Sr-trágyázás hatása is a mákszervek emelkedett Srtartalmában.— Az 1 t mag és a hozzá tartozó melléktermés fajlagos/egységnyi elemtartalma 79-41-114-109-20 = N-P2O5-K2O-CaO-MgO kg·t−1 mennyiségnek adódott. Hasonló fajlagos értékeket mértünk korábbi kísérleteinkben is, melyek a hazai szaktanácsadásban ajánlott N, P és K fajlagosokat átlagosan mintegy kétszeresen, a Ca és Mg fajlagosokat 5–6-szorosan múlják felül. Javasoljuk a hazai szaktanács revízióját.
Effects of Three Kinds of Sugar Syrups on Colony Development of Bumble Bee (Bombus terrestris L.)
Authors: Gurel Fehmi , Karsli Bahar A. , Gosterit Ayhan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The effects of three kinds of sugar syrups on colony development were studied. Weekly sugar syrup consumption of the Bombus terrestris dalmatinus colonies were investigated. A total of 60 queens were separately placed in standard nest boxes and randomly divided into three groups. We tested high fructose corn syrup (HFCS - fructose 42-45%, glucose 50-54%), sucrose syrup (SS - sucrose 99%), and industrial bee feeding sugar syrup (BFSS - fructose 37-40%, glucose 27-30%, sucrose 30-36%). All queens and colonies were fed with the same fresh pollen and reared under standard laboratory conditions (28 ± 1oC, 60 ± 5% RH). Pollen and sugar syrups (approximately 1:1 water:sugar) were provided ad libitum. Colony development traits, weekly syrup consumption, total syrup consumption, and total pollen consumption of each colony were recorded during periodic observations. The highest egg laying rate, colony production rate and saleable colony production rate (90, 75, and 50%, respectively) were found in the BFSS treatment. However, no significant difference was found among treatments in terms of examined colony characteristics. Until the colonies were large enough for sale (50-60 workers), the consumption of sugar syrup and pollen per one colony varied from 461 to 546 ml and from 164 to 190 g, respectively.
A Test of Bombus terrestris Cocoon and other Common Methods for Nest Initiation in B. lapidarius and B. hortorum
Authors: Bučánková Alena , Ptáček Vladimír 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Several methods for stimulating nest initiation (particularly the use of the Bombus terrestris cocoon) in queen bumblebees of the species B. lapidarius and B. hortorum were compared. For B. lapidarius, it was determined that the percentage success rate for establishing the first egg cell on a cocoon of B. terrestris is similar to that on a conspecific cocoon. Nest establishment, however, was significantly slower on the cocoon of B. terrestris. Moreover, it was determined that queens of B. lapidarius are able to initiate a nest without hibernation. Queens hibernated in the laboratory displayed a similar percentage success rate in establishing an egg cell during stimulation with the cocoon of B. terrestris as did the outdoor queens, but the lab queens established it significantly more slowly. Queens of B. hortorum did not incubate the cocoon of B. terrestris, nor did they establish an egg cell on it.
Use of Thymol Formulations, Amitraz, and Oxalic Acid for the Control of the Varroa Mite in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera carnica) Colonies
Authors: Gregorc Aleš , Planinc Ivo 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Experiments were conducted in three apiaries to assess the comparative efficacy of: Thymovar (Andermatt BioVet AG); Apiguard (Vita Europe Ltd., UK); an oxalic acid solution (OA) which consisted of 2.9% oxalic acid and 31.9% sugar in water; and amitraz fumigation, for controlling the honey bee mite Varroa destructor. Mite mortality increased significantly (p<0.001) in the Thymovar, Apiguard, OA or amitraz treated colonies. The relative mite mortality after: four OA applications, two Thymovar or two Apiguard applications during August and September in the Senično apiary was 41.80% (±14.31), 14.35% (±10.71), and 18.93% (±13.56), respectively. In the control, i.e. untreated colonies, the mite natural mortality was reduced by 3.10% (±3.50). In the Bohinj apiary, two Apiguard applications and a single amitraz treatment resulted in reducing the mite populations by 19.71% (±12.61) and 23.89% (±14.25), respectively. At the Mediterranean located apiary of Vipava, the Thymovar and Apiguard treatments trigged 59.02% (±17.28) and 46.50% (±13.33) of the total mite reduction. In the Vipava apiary, colonies treated with any miticide during the brood period presented no difference (P>0.05) in efficacy. The results indicate that OA, Thymovar, Apiguard or amitraz fumigations are of limited use during the brood periods.
Adhesion Molecules as Predictors of Nasal Polyposis Recurrence
Authors: Batzakakis Dimitrios , Stathas Theodoros , Mastronikolis Nikos , Kourousis Christos , Aletras Alexandros , Naxakis Stephanos 
Published: January 2014

Background Nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammation of nasal and paranasal sinuses in the pathogenesis of which adhesion molecules may have a significant role. This study investigates the possible role of certain adhesion molecules, mucins, and oncogenes in nasal polyposis recurrence. Methods A sample study of 21 individuals (17 men and 4 women) aged 47.44 ± 15.10 years with nasal polyposis who had undergone nasal surgery twice was used. Twenty-one individuals aged 46.9 ± 12.8 years suffering from nasal polyposis who had undergone surgery only once in the same period were used as a control sample. Results Statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed regarding epithelial membrane antigen (EMA/mucin 1) of stromal cells (p < 0.001) and CD86 stromal expression (p = 0.009). No patient of the control group exhibited high (++) D86 stromal expression, whereas six patients of the resurgery group did so. When EMA and CD86 were included in a logistic regression model, stromal EMA was found to be positively related to recurrence. Conclusion Adhesion molecules may relate to nasal polyp prognosis and recurrence rates.
Staphylococcus Enterotoxin a Induces Muc5B Expression Via Toll-Like Receptor 2, Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase 1/2, and P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Song Si-Youn , Chi Deok Hwan , Bae Chang Hoon , Kim Yong-Dae 
Published: January 2014

Background Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins are known to induce an inflammatory response of the airways, increase sensitization to inhaled allergens, and decrease T-cell sensitivity to steroids. However, the effects of Staphylococcus enterotoxin A (SEA) on mucin secretion of airway epithelial cells still have not been reported. Therefore, in this study, the effect and brief signaling pathway of SEA on MUC5B expression were investigated in human airway epithelial cells. Methods In the mucin-producing human NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells and the primary cultures of normal nasal epithelial cells, the effect and signaling pathway of SEA on MUC5B expression were investigated using reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, enzyme immunoassay, and immunoblot analysis with several specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Results SEA increased MUC5B mRNA and protein expression. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA expression was significantly increased after treatment with SEA. Knockdown of TLR2 by siRNA significantly blocked SEA-induced MUC5B mRNA expression. SEA significantly activated phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). U0126 (ERK1/2 MAPK inhibitor) and SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) significantly inhibited SEA-induced MUC5B mRNA expression. In addition, knockdown of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK by siRNA significantly blocked SEA-induced MUC5B mRNA expression. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK was significantly blocked by knockdown of TLR2 by siRNA. Conclusion These results show for the first time that SEA induces MUC5B expression via TLR2, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human airway epithelial cells.
Endogenous Production of Hydrogen Sulfide in Human Sinus Mucosa and its Expression Levels are Altered in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with and without Nasal Polyps
Authors: Hwang Jae Woong , Jun Young Joon , Park Se Jin , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Ki Jeong , Hwang Soo Min , Lee Seung Hoon , Lee Heung Man , Lee Sang Hag 
Published: January 2014

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) or CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNPs) is characterized by persistent inflammation of sinonasal mucosa. No one causative factor fully explains for the pathological manifestations of CRS. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to participate in inflammatory diseases, functioning as an inflammatory mediator in various organs. We analyzed the contents and synthesis activity of H2S, the expression and distribution pattern of H2S-generating enzymes, cystathione β-synthase (CBS), and cystathione γ-lyase (CSE) in CRSwNPs and CRSsNPs. The effects of H2S on the expression of CRS-relevant cytokines and the effects of cytokines on the expression of CBS and CSE were assessed in an in vitro experiment. Methods The contents and synthesis activity of H2S and the expression and distribution pattern of CBS and CSE in sinus mucosa were evaluated using spectrophotometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Cultured epithelial cells were used to elucidate the effects of H2S donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), on the expression of CRS-relevant cytokines and the effects of cytokines on H2S-generating enzymes expression. Results The contents and synthesis activity of H2S were increased in CRSwNPs and CRSsNPs. CBS and CSE were localized to the superficial epithelium and submucosal glands, but CSE was also found in vascular endothelium. N S induced increased expression of IL-4, IL-5, interferon γ, and TNF-α. CBS and CSE expression in cultured cells was up-regulated by CRS-relevant cytokines. Conclusion H2S levels are increased in CRS, contributing to increased production of cytokines. These results suggest that H2S may function as inflammatory mediator in CRS.
Upper Lateral Strut Graft: A Technique to Improve the Internal Nasal Valve
Authors: Craig John , Goyal Parul , Suryadevara Amar 
Published: January 2014

Background Internal nasal valve (INV) collapse can contribute significantly to nasal obstruction and may be caused by upper lateral cartilage (ULC) collapse medially or laterally. Surgical techniques addressing INV collapse have focused more on treating the narrowed INV angle, with less consideration of the lateral INV area. This article describes a technique to improve INV patency both medially and laterally. This study analyzes the changes in minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) at the INV after graft placement and determines whether these changes are significantly different for normal versus narrow INVs. Methods Noses of six fixed cadavers were dissected by open rhinoplasty to release the ULCs from the septum. Upper lateral strut grafts were placed through subperichondrial pockets along the ULC undersurfaces and out over the piriform apertures into subperiosteal pockets. Grafts were secured to the dorsal septum. Acoustic rhinometry and nasal endoscopy were used to classify INVs before graft placement as narrow or normal and to assess changes at the INV after graft placement. Results Mean pregraft MCA was 0.58 cm2. Mean MCA percent increase after graft placement was 22%. By INV type, percent increases were 51% for narrow INVs and 1% for normal INVs. Mean increases in MCA after graft placement were statistically significant for the entire group and for narrow INVs, with increases of 0.10 cm2 (p = 0.03) and 0.22 cm2 (p = 0.004), respectively. Conclusion The upper lateral strut graft improved patency of cadaveric INVs, with statistically significant increases in the MCA most notable when placed for narrow INVs.
Clinical Control in the Dual Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Rhinitis: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Parikh Neil G. , Junaid Imran , Sheinkopf Lee , Randhawa Inderpal , Santiago Silverio M. , Klaustermeyer William B. 
Published: January 2014

Background Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and allergic rhinitis (AR) are common coexisting disorders. Upper airway, specifically al resistance, is thought to increase during exacerbations of AR and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR), as well as in OSAS. The study objective was to determine if a correlation exists between clinical control of rhinitis and OSAS. Methods This prospective study followed 43 patients with concurrent OSAS and AR or NAR. OSAS was diagnosed by polysomnography, and AR or NAR was diagnosed by history, skin testing, serum-specific IgE, and total IgE levels. Measurements of control of OSAS included the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) survey and compliance with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device. Measurements of rhinitis control included Assessment of Nasal Symptom Severity and Assessment of Nonnasal Symptom Severity (NSS refers to both) and Global Assessment of Nasal and Nonnasal Symptom Severity surveys (GSS). Higher NSS scores correlate with more rhinitis symptoms, whereas higher GSS scores correlate with less symptoms. Results All patients completed the study. There was a positive correlation between ESS and NSS scores (p < 0.001), inverse correlation between ESS and GSS scores (p < 0.001), inverse correlation between CPAP compliance and NSS scores (p < 0.001), and positive correlation between CPAP compliance and GSS scores (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the AR, NAR, and AR/NAR groups. Conclusion Our study showed a statistically significant positive correlation between clinical control of rhinitis symptoms and clinical control of OSAS. This study emphasizes the importance of achieving concurrent optimal control of both OSAS and AR/NAR.
The Immunoexpression of Cd34, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 Antigens in Sinonasal Inverted Papillomas
Authors: Pajor Anna M. , Danilewicz Marian , Stasikowska-Kanicka Olga , Józefowicz-Korczyńska Magdalena 
Published: January 2014

Background Numerous molecular markers of sinonasal inverted papillomas (IP) were investigated in the past; however, significance of angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis were not well documented. This study was designed to determine expression of angiogenic marker CD34 antigen, antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2 oncoprotein, and proliferative marker Ki-67 antigen in the group of patients with IP. We matched up these findings to the group of patients with sinonasal carcinoma (SNC) and used chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients as control group. In addition, we compared expression of the markers among IP patients who displayed distinctly different patterns of clinical behavior. Methods Tissue samples were obtained from 46 surgically treated patients; 18 of them had a diagnosis of IP, 9 had documented SNC, and the remaining 19 patients had CRS. All specimens were stained using immunohistochemistry techniques for CD34 (mean vessel density [MVD]), Bcl-2, and Ki-67 antigens. Morphometry was evaluated by computer image analysis system. Results We noted statistically significant differences in expression of CD34 antigen, Bcl-2 protein, and Ki-67 antigen (for all groups, ANOVA p < 0.001) among the investigated groups. The mean value of CD34 antigen was significantly higher in the IP group than in the CRS group, but it was below the levels of the SNC group. Compared with the cases not complicated by recurrence, the patients with recurrent IP exhibited higher MVD levels, while levels of bcl-2 and Ki67 protein expression did not differ in a significant way between recurrent and nonrecurrent cases. The significant positive correlations were observed between Bcl-2 protein and Ki-67 antigen in IP and SNC groups and between Bcl-2 protein and CD34 antigen in the CRS group. Conclusion Our findings underscore importance of angiogenesis in the development and prognosis of IP and support further investigation of this aspect of IP tumor growth.
Nasal and Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps
Authors: Jeong Jin Hyeok , Yoo Han Seok , Lee Seung Hwan , Kim Kyung Rae , Yoon Ho Joo , Kim Sang Heon 
Published: January 2014

Background The ciliary epithelial cells in the paranasal sinuses produce nasal nitric oxide (NO) continuously and plays a variety of roles in the paranasal sinuses. The purpose of this study was to assess whether we can use the levels of nasal NO (nNO) and exhaled NO (eNO) as a tool for evaluation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyp patients. Methods We used chemiluminescent NO analyzer to measure nNO and eNO among normal controls (32) and CRS with polyp (30) and CRS with polyp and allergic rhinitis patients (27) and compared it with various clinical symptoms, laboratory data, and computed tomography (CT) scores. Results Levels of nNO were significantly lower in patients with CRS with polyps (88.5 ± 54.7 ppb) compared with controls (241.0 ± 89.5 ppb). Levels of nNO in CRS with polyps and allergic rhinitis (167.0 ± 47.6 ppb) were significantly higher than CRS with polyps and lower than controls. A significant inverse relationship was observed between nNO and sinus CT scores, severity of nasal obstruction, and purulent rhinorrhea in CRS with polyps. Low values of nNO separated well patients with CRS with polyps, and the cutoff value of <163 ppb was associated with the best com nation of specificity (93%) and sensitivity (81%). A significant positive relationship was observed between eNO and CT scores. Conclusion The nNO could be used for another screening of CRS with polyps for the more severe phenotypes, which may eventually have to be treated with surgery.
Evolution in the Treatment of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma: Pedicle-Oriented Endoscopic Surgery
Authors: Pagella Fabio , Pusateri Alessandro , Giourgos Georgios , Tinelli Carmine , Matti Elina 
Published: January 2014

Background In the literature, the global endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) success in the treatment of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is 95%. This study was designed to describe a conservative endoscopic approach, based on research of the tumor's pedicle and treatment concentrated on its site of attachment, and to compare the results of this technique with the outcome of standard endoscopic treatment. Methods Retrospective analysis of the patients treated in our institution for paranasal inverted papilloma (IP), between 2002 and 2011 with a minimum of 18 months follow-up was performed. Group A received a standard ESS including whole sinus demucosization (maxillary, ethmoid, frontal, or sphenoid sinus) and bony wall drilling. Group B patients instead underwent pedicle-oriented endoscopic surgery (POES); in this group, bony demucosization and drilling were selectively conducted around the site of pedicle attachment of the tumor. Results The cohort included 73 patients (median age, 60.5 years; median follow-up, 58 months). Group A/group B consisted of 37/36 patients. IP persistence—recurrence for group A/group B was 0/1 cases. Oncological success for global endoscopic/group A/group B was 98.6% (72/73)/100% (37/37)/97.2% (35/36). We noticed a significant difference in surgical operative time and postoperative complication rate among the groups, in favor of POES technique. Conclusion Our data confirm the efficacy of the endonasal endoscopic treatment for sinonasal IP. Moreover, the even more conservative endoscopic treatment proposed (POES) seems to offer good control of the disease, shorter operating times, avoidance of unnecessary surgery with respect to uninvolved structures, and permits a follow-up aimed at the site of the pedicle attachment.