bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRESCIMENTO EM DIÂMETRO E ALTURA DA REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL DE Eremanthus incanus
Authors: Araújo Emanuel José Gomes de , David Hassan Camil , Morais Vinícius Augusto , Scolforo José Roberto Soares , Péllico Netto Sylvio , Zanette Vitor Hugo , Koehler Henrique Soares 
Published: August 2014

ResumoA espécie Eremanthus incanus (Less.) Less é utilizada comercialmente para produção de estacas e moirões de cerca. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o efeito de diferentes densidades iniciais no crescimento em diâmetro e altura em povoamento de E. incanus, proveniente de regeneração natural. Foi instalado um experimento em quatro blocos ao acaso e seis tratamentos, que correspondiam a diferentes densidades de plantas, após a realização de desbaste na regeneração. Foram testados modelos de crescimento para as variáveis diâmetro a 1,30 m do solo e altura total, além de funções densidade de probabilidade para retratar a estrutura de diâmetro e altura. Aplicou-se a análise de variância e, quando pertinente, o teste Tukey a 95% de probabilidade. O modelo de Schumacher foi o de melhor desempenho para retratar o crescimento em diâmetro e altura e o modelo SB de Johnson o melhor para retratar a distribuição dessas variáveis. As densidades iniciais de plantas que propiciaram as maiores médias de diâmetro em todas as idades foram de 2.222, 2.667 e 3.333 plantas por hectare e para a variável altura não houve diferenças significativas entre médias dos tratamentos.Palavras-chave: Manejo florestal; candeia; desbaste; moirões. AbstractGrowth in diameter and height of natural regeneration of Eremanthus incanus. The species Erematnhus incanus (Less.) Less has commercial use for production of poles and fence posts. This research aimed to analyze the effect of different initial densities on diameter and height growth in natural regeneration stands of Eremanthus incanus. An experiment was conducted with four randomized blocks and six treatments per block, which corresponded to different plant densities, after applying thinning to the regeneration. Growth models were tested for the variables diameter at 1.30 m above ground and total height. In addition, probability density functions were tested to characterize the structure of diameter and height. It was applied analysis of variance and, when appropriate, the Tukey test at 5% probability. The Schumacher model was the one with best performance to characterize the growth in diameter and height, and Johnson SB model the best in order to characterize these variables. The initial densities of plants that caused the highest mean diameter throughout the ages were 2,222, 2,667 and 3,333 plants per hectare, and for the variable height there were no significant differences between the treatments averages.Keywords: Forest management; candeia; thinning; stakes.
Obesity in Adolescents
Authors: Kelly Aaron S. , Armstrong Sarah C. , Michalsky Marc P. , Fox Claudia K. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceObesity affects approximately 21% of US adolescents and is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep disorders, depression, and musculoskeletal problems. Obesity during adolescence has also been associated with an increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in adulthood.ObservationsObesity in adolescents aged 12 to younger than 18 years is commonly defined as a body mass index (BMI) at the 95th or greater age- and sex-adjusted percentile. Comprehensive treatment in adolescents includes lifestyle modification therapy, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic and bariatric surgery. Lifestyle modification therapy, which includes dietary, physical activity, and behavioral counseling, is first-line treatment; as monotherapy, lifestyle modification requires more than 26 contact hours over 1 year to elicit approximately 3% mean BMI reduction. Newer antiobesity medications, such as liraglutide, semaglutide, and phentermine/topiramate, in combination with lifestyle modification therapy, can reduce mean BMI by approximately 5% to 17% at 1 year of treatment. Adverse effects vary, but severe adverse events from these newer antiobesity medications are rare. Surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical sleeve gastrectomy) for severe adolescent obesity (BMI ≥120% of the 95th percentile) reduces mean BMI by approximately 30% at 1 year. Minor and major perioperative complications, such as reoperation and hospital readmission for dehydration, are experienced by approximately 15% and 8% of patients, respectively. Determining the long-term durability of all obesity treatments warrants future research.Conclusions and RelevanceThe prevalence of adolescent obesity is approximately 21% in the US. Treatment options for adolescents with obesity include lifestyle modification therapy, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic and bariatric surgery. Intensive lifestyle modification therapy reduces BMI by approximately 3% while pharmacotherapy added to lifestyle modification therapy can attain BMI reductions ranging from 5% to 17%. Surgery is the most effective intervention for adolescents with severe obesity and has been shown to achieve BMI reduction of approximately 30%.
Health, Access to Care, and Financial Barriers to Care Among People Incarcerated in US Prisons
Authors: Lupez Emily Lupton , Woolhandler Steffie , Himmelstein David U. , Hawks Laura , Dickman Samuel , Gaffney Adam , Bor David , Schrier Elizabeth , Cai Chris , Azaroff Lenore S. , McCormick Danny 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceDecades-old data indicate that people imprisoned in the US have poor access to health care despite their constitutional right to care. Most prisons impose co-payments for at least some medical visits. No recent national studies have assessed access to care or whether co-pays are associated with worse access.ObjectiveTo determine the proportion of people who are incarcerated with health problems or pregnancy who used health services, changes in the prevalence of those conditions since 2004, and the association between their state’s standard prison co-payment and care receipt in 2016.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional analysis was conducted in October 2023 and used data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ 2016 Survey of Prison Inmates, a nationally representative sample of adults in state or federal prisons, with some comparisons to the 2004 version of that survey.ExposuresThe state’s standard, per-visit co-payment amount in 2016 compared with weekly earnings at the prison’s minimum wage.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported prevalence of 13 chronic physical conditions, 6 mental health conditions, and current severe psychological distress assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; proportion of respondents with such problems who did not receive any clinician visit or treatment; and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) comparing the likelihood of no clinician visit according to co-payment level.ResultsOf 1 421 700 (unweighted: n = 24 848; mean [SD] age, 35.3 [0.3] years; 93.2% male individuals) prison residents in 2016, 61.7% (up from 55.9% in 2004) reported 1 or more chronic physical conditions; among them, 13.8% had received no medical visit since incarceration. A total of 40.1% of respondents reported ever having a mental health condition (up from 24.5% in 2004), of whom 33.0% had received no mental health treatment. A total of 13.3% of respondents met criteria for severe psychological distress, of whom 41.7% had not received mental health treatment in prison. Of state prison residents, 90.4% were in facilities requiring co-payments, including 63.3% in facilities with co-payments exceeding 1 week’s prison wage. Co-payments, particularly when high, were associated with not receiving a needed health care visit (co-pay ≤1 week’s wage: aOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10-1.86; co-pay &amp;gt;1 week’s wage: aOR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.61-2.93).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found that many people who are incarcerated with health problems received no care, particularly in facilities charging co-payments for medical visits.
Ferritin Cutoffs and Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency in Primary Care
Authors: Jäger Levy , Rachamin Yael , Senn Oliver , Burgstaller Jakob M. , Rosemann Thomas , Markun Stefan 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceFerritin is often measured by general practitioners, but the association of different cutoffs with the rates of iron deficiency diagnoses, particularly nonanemic iron deficiency, is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of the ferritin cutoff choice with the incidence of nonanemic and anemic iron deficiency diagnoses in primary care.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients 18 years or older with at least 1 consultation with a general practitioner participating in the Family Medicine Research Using Electronic Medical Records (FIRE) project, an electronic medical records database of Swiss primary care, from January 1, 2021, to November 30, 2023, were evaluated.ExposuresSex, age, clinical patient characteristics, and professional general practitioner characteristics.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncidence of iron deficiency diagnoses (nonanemic and anemic) at ferritin cutoffs of 15, 30, and 45 ng/mL and ferritin testing itself. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine associations of patient and general practitioner characteristics with ferritin testing as adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs).ResultsThe study included 255 351 patients (median [IQR] age, 52 [36-66] years; 52.1% female). Per 1000 patient-years and at ferritin cutoffs of 15, 30, and 45 ng/mL, iron deficiency diagnoses had incidences of 10.9 (95% CI, 10.6-11.2), 29.9 (95% CI, 29.4-30.4), and 48.3 (95% CI, 47.7-48.9) cases, respectively; nonanemic iron deficiency diagnoses had incidences of 4.1 (95% CI, 3.9-4.2), 14.6 (95% CI, 14.3-15.0), and 25.8 (95% CI, 25.3-26.2) cases, respectively; and anemic iron deficiency diagnoses had incidences of 3.5 (95% CI, 3.3-3.7), 6.0 (95% CI, 5.8-6.2), and 7.5 (95% CI, 7.3-7.7) cases, respectively. Ferritin testing showed notable associations with fatigue (AHR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.95-2.12), anemia (AHR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.70-1.79), and iron therapy (AHR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.46-1.54). Ferritin testing was associated with female sex in all age groups, including postmenopausal. Of the patients who received ferritin testing, 72.1% received concomitant hemoglobin testing, and 49.6% received concomitant C-reactive protein testing.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective cohort study of primary care patients, ferritin cutoffs of 30 and 45 ng/mL were associated with a substantially higher incidence of iron deficiency compared with 15 ng/mL. These results provide a basis for health system-level evaluation and benchmarking of ferritin testing in high-resource settings and call for a harmonization of diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency in primary care.
Improving the safety of radiotherapy treatment processes via incident‐driven FMEA feedback loops
Authors: Kornek Dominik , Lotter Michael , Szkitsak Juliane , Dürrbeck Christopher , Karius Andre , Ott Oliver J. , Brandl Carolin , Bert Christoph 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundFailure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a valuable tool for radiotherapy risk assessment, yet its outputs might be unreliable due to failures not being identified or due to a lack of accurate error rates.PurposeA novel incident reporting system (IRS) linked to an FMEA database was tested and evaluated. The study investigated whether the system was suitable for validating a previously performed analysis and whether it could provide accurate error rates to support the expert occurrence ratings of previously identified failure modes.MethodsTwenty‐three pre‐identified failure modes of our external beam radiotherapy process, covering the process steps from patient admission to treatment delivery, were proffered on dedicated FMEA feedback and incident reporting terminals generated by the IRS. The clinical setting involved a computed tomography scanner, dosimetry, and five linacs. Incoming reports were used as basis to identify additional failure modes or confirm initial ones. The Kruskal–Wallis H test was applied to compare the risk priorities of the retrospective and prospective failure modes. Wald's sequential probability ratio test was used to investigate the correctness of the experts’ occurrence ratings by means of the number of incoming reports.ResultsOver a 15‐month period, 304 reports were submitted. There were 0.005 (confidence interval [CI], 0.0014–0.0082) reported incidents per imaging study and 0.0006 (CI, 0.0003–0.0009) reported incidents per treatment fraction. Sixteen additional failure modes could be identified, and their risk priorities did not differ from those of the initial failure modes (p = 0.954). One failure mode occurrence rating could be increased, whereas the other 22 occurrence ratings could not be disproved.ConclusionsOur approach is suitable for validating FMEAs and deducing additional failure modes on a continual basis. Accurate error rates can only be provided if a sufficient number of reports is available.
Application of the international criteria for optic neuritis in the Acute Optic Neuritis Network
Authors: Klyscz Philipp , Asseyer Susanna , Alonso Ricardo , Bereuter Charlotte , Bialer Omer , Bick Atira , Carta Sara , Chen John J. , Cohen Leila , Cohen‐Tayar Yamit , Carnero Contentti Edgar , Dale Russell C. , Flanagan Eoin P. , Gernert Jonathan A. , Haas Julian , Havla Joachim , Heesen Christoph , Hellmann Mark , Levin Netta , Lopez Pablo , Lotan Itay , Luis Maria Belen , Mariotto Sara , Mayer Christina , Vergara Alvaro Jose Mejia , Ocampo Cassandra , Ochoa Susana , Oertel Frederike C. , Olszewska Maja , Uribe José Luis Peralta , Sastre‐Garriga Jaume , Scocco Dario , Ramanathan Sudarshini , Rattanathamsakul Natthapon , Shi Fu‐Dong , Shifa Jemal , Simantov Ilya , Siritho Sasitorn , Tiosano Alon , Tisavipat Nanthaya , Torres Isabel , Dembinsky Adi Vaknin , Vidal‐Jordana Angela , Wilf‐Yarkoni Adi , Wu Ti , Zamir Sol , Zarco Luis Alfonso , Zimmermann Hanna G. , Petzold Axel , Paul Friedemann , Stiebel‐Kalish Hadas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe first international consensus criteria for optic neuritis (ICON) were published in 2022. We applied these criteria to a prospective, global observational study of acute optic neuritis (ON).MethodsWe included 160 patients with a first‐ever acute ON suggestive of a demyelinating CNS disease from the Acute Optic Neuritis Network (ACON). We applied the 2022 ICON to all participants and subsequently adjusted the ICON by replacing a missing relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) or dyschromatopsia if magnetic resonance imaging pathology of the optical nerve plus optical coherence tomography abnormalities or certain biomarkers are present.ResultsAccording to the 2022 ICON, 80 (50%) patients were classified as definite ON, 12 (7%) patients were classified as possible ON, and 68 (43%) as not ON (NON). The main reasons for classification as NON were absent RAPD (52 patients, 76%) or dyschromatopsia (49 patients, 72%). Distribution of underlying ON etiologies was as follows: 78 (49%) patients had a single isolated ON, 41 (26%) patients were diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, 25 (16%) patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease, and 15 (9%) with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. The application of the adjusted ON criteria yielded a higher proportion of patients classified as ON (126 patients, 79%).InterpretationAccording to the 2022 ICON, almost half of the included patients in ACON did not fulfill the requirements for classification of definite or possible ON, particularly due to missing RAPD and dyschromatopsia. Thorough RAPD examination and formal color vision testing are critical to the application of the 2022 ICON.
Synergizing Electron and Ion Transports of Ti3C2TX MXene Fiber via Dot‐Sheet Heterostructure and Covalent Ti─C─Ti Cross‐Linking for Efficient Charge Storage and Thermal Management
Authors: Wang Huifang , Zhao Weidong , Zhang Ziting , Hou Wenteng , Yin Leang , Dai Henghan , Zhu Xinnan , Zhou Jingbo , Tang Shaochun , Huang Wei , Sun Gengzhi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTi3C2TX MXene with the merits of metallic conductivity, superhigh volumetric capacitance, and efficient absorption of the electromagnetic wave is considered a promising building block for fiber fabrication; nevertheless, the simultaneous improvement in electrochemical charge storage and electrical conductivity/thermal management is seldom achieved for MXene‐based fibers due to the contradictory in material design. Typically, aligned and densified packing of MXene fibers is highly desired for an enhanced intra‐/inter‐flake electron transport; however, the narrowed inter‐layer spacing restricts the kinetics of ion diffusion (the intercalation/de‐intercalation of electrolyte ions) and diminishes the accessible active sites for charge storage. Herein, the electron and ion transports of Ti3C2TX MXene fiber are synergized via a unique dot‐sheet heterostructure covalently bonded by Ti─C─Ti which provides the optimal inter‐layer spacing for rapid ion diffusion and enhances the intra‐/inter‐flake cross‐linking for fast electron transport. As a result, the obtained fiber offers an improved conductivity of 2405 S cm−1, a desirable capacitance of 1597 F cm−3, an impressive energy density of 19.8 mWh cm−3 for the assembled supercapacitor, superior Joule heating performance, and a photo‐thermal temperature. These remarkable attributes enable their practical applications in energy‐supply scenarios, such as powering LEDs and wearable thermal management.
Multimodal In‐Sensor Computing Implemented by Easily‐Fabricated Oxide‐Heterojunction Optoelectronic Synapses
Authors: Fang Hong , Ma Shuanger , Wang Jie , Zhao Le , Nie Fang , Ma Xiaoqiao , Lü Weiming , Yan Shishen , Zheng Limei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe advent of big data and the Internet of Things has created urgent demands for in‐sensor computing hardware with multimodal perception that can effectively resolve the inefficiency, high latency, and excessive energy consumption challenges faced by conventional sensory systems. Here, a simple‐structured optoelectronic synaptic device of In2O3·SnO2/Nb:SrTiO3 (ITO/NSTO) heterostructure is proposed, which vividly demonstrates in‐sensor computing and multimodal perception capabilities. First, with the ingenious synaptic responses of the device under both optical and electrical stimuli, a multimodal in‐sensor neuromorphic computing system capable of concurrently perceiving and processing visual and auditory information is constructed. Using this multimodal system to perform a human emotion recognition task, the misjudgment arising from single‐modal cognition can thereby be effectively avoided. Second, utilizing the integrated sensing and processing functions, along with the dynamic memories of the device array, a neuromorphic vision system is implemented for real‐time monitoring of moving vehicles, which displays high recognition efficiency and accuracy. This research not only provides an optoelectronic synaptic device that is low‐cost and easy to mass‐produce, but also paves the way for next‐generation in‐sensor computing that can efficiently process multimodal signals.
Nano‐Single‐Atom Heterointerface Engineering for pH‐Universal Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Song Jian , Qian Sheng‐jie , Yang Wenqiang , Mu Jiali , Li Jingwei , Liu Yaping , Sun Fanfei , Yu Shuwen , Xu Feifei , Song Xiangen , Deng Dehui , Wang Yang‐gang , Yan Li , Ding Yunjie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNano‐single‐atom‐catalysts have the potential to combine the respective advantages of both nano‐catalysts and single‐atom‐catalysts and thus exhibit enhanced performance. Generally, the separation of active sites in space limits the interaction between single atoms and nanoparticles. Heterointerface engineering has the potential to break this limitation. Regretfully, studies on the interface effect between single atoms and nanoparticles are rarely reported. Herein, an unprecedented nano‐single‐atom heterointerface composed of Fe single‐atoms and carbon‐shell‐coated FeP nanoparticles (Fe SAC/FeP@C) is demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for the nitrate reduction process from alkaline to acidic. Compared with typical nano‐single‐atom‐catalysts (Fe SAC/FePO4) and single‐atom‐catalysts (Fe SAC), the constructed Fe SAC/FeP@C heterostructure exhibits dramatically enhanced nitrate‐to‐ammonia performance. Especially in acidic media, the maxmium Faradaic efficiency of ammonia (NH3) can reach 95.6 ± 0.5%, with a maximum NH3 yield of 36.2 ± 3.1 mg h−1 mgcat−1 (pH = 1.2), which is considerably higher than previously reported. Density functional theory calculations and in situ spectroscopic investigations indicate that the unique charge redistribution at the interface, together with the optimized electronic structure of Fe single‐atoms, strengthens intermediate adsorption and catalytic activity. This work provides a feasible strategy for designing nano‐single‐atom‐catalysts with unique heterointerfaces, as well as valuable insights into nitrate conversion under environmentally relevant wastewater conditions.
Surface Atomic Rearrangement with High Cation Ordering for Ultra‐Stable Single‐Crystal Ni‐Rich Co‐Less Cathode Materials
Authors: Wang Wei , Xiao Zhiming , Liu Junxiang , He Xinyou , Wen Jianguo , Zhou Yanan , Cheng Lei , Zhang Bao , Liu Tongchao , Amine Khalil , Ou Xing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is crucial to minimize cobalt content in Ni‐rich layered single‐crystal cathodes due to their high price and limited availability, yet it will inevitably lead to cation disordering, capacity degradation, and thermal issues. Herein, to overcome the intrinsic trade‐off between performance and composition of Ni‐rich Co‐less single‐crystal cathodes, a precursor engineering strategy with an epitaxially grown cobalt enrichment on the surface is innovatively proposed. In contrast to traditional coating modifications with random orientation and rigid surface‐bulk boundary, the epitaxially enriched surface cobalt layer on the precursor undergoes rapid interdiffusion with the internal Ni3+ during the optimized sintering process. This interdiffusion eliminates the surface‐bulk boundary, promoting the uniform distribution of cobalt and synergistically addressing the Li/Ni intermixing. Moreover, an enhanced surface Li+ diffusion is obtained, thereby suppressing the Li+ concentration gradient and intragranular cracks generation. Consequently, the modified LiNi0.7Co0.07Mn0.23O2 exhibits impressive cycling stability with increased capacity retention in both coin‐type half‐cells and pouch‐type full‐cells (91% after 1000 cycles), even under the harsh condition of high‐temperature, surpassing the majority of previously reported Ni‐rich cathodes. This work opens new avenues toward the low cost, high energy density, thermal stability, and long cyclic life for Ni‐rich Co‐less cathodes and sheds light on large‐scale commercial production.