bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Landmark Articles for Advancing the Practice of Geriatrics
Authors: Vaughan Camille P. , Fowler Rachel , Goodman Richard A. , Graves Taylor R. , Flacker Jonathan M. , Johnson Theodore M. 
Published: November 2014

Landmark articles from the peer‐reviewed literature can be used to teach the fundamental principles of geriatric medicine. Three approaches were used in sequential combination to identify landmark articles as a resource for geriatricians and other healthcare practitioners. Candidate articles were identified first through a literature review and expert opinion survey of geriatric medicine faculty. Candidate articles in a winnowed list (n = 30) were then included in a bibliometric analysis that incorporated the journal impact factor and average monthly citation index. Finally, a consensus panel reviewed articles to assess each manuscript's clinical relevance. For each article, a final score was determined by averaging, with equal weight, the opinion survey, bibliometric analysis, and consensus panel review. This process ultimately resulted in the identification of 27 landmark articles. Overall, there was weak correlation between articles that the expert opinion survey and bibliometric analysis both rated highly. This process demonstrates a feasible method combining subjective and objective measures that can be used to identify landmark papers in geriatric medicine for the enhancement of geriatrics education and practice.
Restricting Back Pain and Subsequent Mobility Disability in Community‐Living Older Persons
Authors: Makris Una E. , Fraenkel Liana , Han Ling , Leo‐Summers Linda , Gill Thomas M. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between back pain severe enough to restrict activity (restricting back pain) and subsequent mobility disability in community‐living older persons.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingGreater New Haven, Connecticut.ParticipantsCommunity‐living men and women aged 70 and older (n = 709).MeasurementsRestricting back pain and mobility disability (defined as needing help with or unable to walk one‐quarter of a mile, climb a flight of stairs, or lift and carry 10 pounds) were assessed during monthly telephone interviews for up to 159 months. The association between restricting back pain and subsequent mobility disability was evaluated using a recurrent‐events Cox model. Secondary analyses evaluated the association between restricting back pain and mobility disability for two or more consecutive months (persistent mobility disability). Additional analyses were repeated in participants without baseline mobility disability.ResultsThe event rate for mobility disability was 7.26 per 100‐person months (95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.89–7.64). Mobility disability episodes lasted for a median of 2 months (interquartile range (IQR) 1–4). In a recurrent‐event Cox regression analysis, after adjusting for 11 covariates, restricting back pain was strongly associated with mobility disability (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.23, 95% CI = 2.87–3.64). The association was maintained when the outcome was defined as persistent mobility disability (adjusted HR = 3.63, 95% CI = 3.15–4.20) and when participants with baseline mobility disability were omitted (adjusted HR = 3.71, 95% CI = 3.22–4.28).ConclusionRestricting back pain was strongly associated with mobility disability. Interventions that prevent or ameliorate restricting back pain may be effective for reducing the burden of mobility disability in older persons.
Outcome of conservative laparoscopic surgery for adnexal torsion through one‐stage or two‐stage operation
Authors: Fujishita Akira , Araki Hiroyuki , Yoshida Shiko , Hamaguchi Daisuke , Nakayama Daisuke , Tsuda Nobuo , Khan Khaleque Newaz 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimWe investigated the outcome on ovarian appearance and occurrence of adhesion after conservative laparoscopic surgery for adnexal torsion during reproductive age.Material and MethodsFrom April 2009 to September 2012, we treated patients with clinically suspected adnexal torsion who desired future pregnancy. We performed conservative surgery, such as cystectomy or detorsion at one‐stage operation, but switched to salpingo‐oophorectomy in complicated cases. We evaluated adnexal condition and pattern of adhesion by careful assessment with two‐stage laparoscopy or second‐look laparoscopy after first surgery.ResultsMean age of patients was 25 ± 8 years. Among 37 patients with suspected adnexal torsion, 18 (49%) had adnexal torsion at first surgery. Conservative treatment was carried out in 14 of 18 cases. We obtained informed consent for second‐look laparoscopy or two‐stage operation in six of these 14 cases. Among these six patients, two cases were treated with only detorsion by one‐stage operation and cystectomy was performed in the other four cases at first operation. At subsequent surgery, the ovary appeared normal in six cases with occurrence of mild to moderate adhesion around the adnexal lesion. Of note, two cases with para‐ovarian cyst had torsion that showed complete tubal occlusions and associated severe adhesions. No major complications (peritonitis, thrombotic emboli) were observed after conservative laparoscopic surgery.ConclusionConservative laparoscopic surgery is a safe procedure to preserve ovarian function in women with adnexal torsion. Careful attention and measures should be considered during follow‐up management with the fact in mind that adhesion is a common occurrence and even tubal occlusion may occur in some cases.
Interleukin‐6 and neopterin levels in the serum and saliva of patients with Lichen Planus and oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Abdel‐Haq Ayman , Kusnierz‐Cabala Beata , Darczuk Dagmara , Sobuta Eliza , Dumnicka Paulina , Wojas‐Pelc Anna , Chomyszyn‐Gajewska Maria 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundLichen planus together with its oral variant is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the skin and the mucosa of unclear aetiology and with an unpredictable course that still poses a major problem in terms of diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study was to assess the concentrations of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and neopterin in saliva and serum of patients with lichen planus (including reticular and erosive form of oral lichen planus) and to compare them with the concentrations observed in healthy controls.MethodsThe study material comprised serum and saliva samples from 56 patients diagnosed with lichen planus and 56 healthy volunteers. The ELISA test was used to measure concentrations of IL‐6 and neopterin in the serum and saliva of the study participants.ResultsThe concentrations of IL‐6 in saliva and serum of patients with lichen planus were significantly higher than in controls (P = 0.0002; P < 0.0001). The difference remains significant after adjustment for gingivitis and age. Patients with atrophic‐erosive oral lichen planus had significantly higher IL‐6 concentrations in their saliva compared to patients with reticular form of disease (P = 0.01). The concentrations of neopterin were significantly higher in the serum but not in saliva of lichen planus patients vs. controls (P <0.0001).ConclusionsSerum levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and neopterin are increased in lichen planus as well as the salivary concentrations of IL‐6. The differences observed in IL‐6 levels in patients with erosive‐atrophic forms of oral lichen planus may indicate a substantial role played by the cytokine in the disease.
Decreasing prevalence of HCV coinfection in all risk groups for HIV infection between 2004 and 2011 in Spain
Authors: Serrano‐Villar S. , Sobrino‐Vegas P. , Monge S. , Dronda F. , Hernando A. , Montero M. , Viciana P. , Clotet B. , Pineda J. A. , del Amo J. , Moreno S. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryWhile hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection seems to be expanding among HIV‐infected men who have sex with men (MSM), the rate of coinfection in intravenous drug users (IDU) is assumed to remain constant. We evaluated the serial prevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection across all risk groups for HIV infection in Spain. We used data from 7045 subjects included in the multicentre, prospective Spanish Cohort of Adult HIV‐infected Patients (CoRIS) between 2004 and 2011. We analysed risk factors for HIV/HCV coinfection by logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection decreased from 25.3% (95% CI, 23.1–27.5) in 2004–2005 to 8.2% (95% CI, 6.9–9.5) in 2010–2011. This trend was consistently observed from 2004 to 2011 among all risk groups: IDU, 92.4% to 81.4%; MSM, 4.7% to 2.6%; heterosexual men, 13.0–8.9%; and heterosexual women, 14.5–4.0% (all P < 0.05). Strongest risk factors for HIV/HCV coinfection were IDU (OR, 54.9; 95% CI, 39.4–76.4), birth decade 1961–1970 (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1–3.7) and low educational level (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6–3.5). Hence, the prevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection decreased in Spain between 2004 and 2011. This decline was observed across all risk groups and is likely to be explained by a declining burden of HCV in the general population.
Efficacy and acceptability of the new oral phosphate binder Lenziaren® in healthy cats fed a renal diet
Authors: King J. N. , Delport P. C. , Luus H. G. , Erasmus H. L. , Barnes P. M. , Speranza C. 
Published: November 2014

The efficacy and acceptability of the new oral phosphate binder Lenziaren® (SBR759) were evaluated in healthy cats fed with a commercial diet containing low amounts of phosphate (‘renal diet’). Lenziaren® at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/day was compared to a reference product Lantharenol® (3.0 g/day) and a placebo in a masked, randomized, parallel‐group design study in 36 cats (n = 6 per group). All products were mixed with the ration which was fed once daily for 28 days. Lenziaren® produced significant dose‐related reductions in serum and urine phosphate concentrations, faecal apparent phosphorus digestibility and fractional urinary phosphate excretion. Cats administered Lenziaren® consumed significantly less food than the placebo group, but this had no negative impact on body weight or acceptability assessments. When compared to the positive control, Lantharenol®, Lenziaren® was significantly more acceptable (0.125, 0.5 and 1.0 g/day doses), was associated with higher food consumption (0.125, 0.5 and 1.0 g/day doses) and had greater efficacy in reducing serum phosphate (0.5 and 1.0 g/day) and urine phosphate concentrations (1.0 g/day). In conclusion, Lenziaren® was an effective oral phosphate binder in healthy cats fed with a renal diet. Lenziaren® was well accepted and tolerated. Dosages of 0.25–1.0 g/cat per day are recommended for clinical testing.
Systems and synthetic biology approaches to alter plant cell walls and reduce biomass recalcitrance
Authors: Kalluri Udaya C. , Yin Hengfu , Yang Xiaohan , Davison Brian H. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryFine‐tuning plant cell wall properties to render plant biomass more amenable to biofuel conversion is a colossal challenge. A deep knowledge of the biosynthesis and regulation of plant cell wall and a high‐precision genome engineering toolset are the two essential pillars of efforts to alter plant cell walls and reduce biomass recalcitrance. The past decade has seen a meteoric rise in use of transcriptomics and high‐resolution imaging methods resulting in fresh insights into composition, structure, formation and deconstruction of plant cell walls. Subsequent gene manipulation approaches, however, commonly include ubiquitous mis‐expression of a single candidate gene in a host that carries an intact copy of the native gene. The challenges posed by pleiotropic and unintended changes resulting from such an approach are moving the field towards synthetic biology approaches. Synthetic biology builds on a systems biology knowledge base and leverages high‐precision tools for high‐throughput assembly of multigene constructs and pathways, precision genome editing and site‐specific gene stacking, silencing and/or removal. Here, we summarize the recent breakthroughs in biosynthesis and remodelling of major secondary cell wall components, assess the impediments in obtaining a systems‐level understanding and explore the potential opportunities in leveraging synthetic biology approaches to reduce biomass recalcitrance.
Association of NFKB1 and NFKBIA Polymorphisms in Relation to Susceptibility of Behçet's Disease
Authors: Yenmis G. , Oner T. , Cam C. , Koc A. , Kucuk O. S. , Yakicier M. C. , Dizman D. , Kanigur Sultuybek G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBehçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Although raised levels of proinflammatory cytokines in BD have been reported, the pathogenesis is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of NFKB1 and NFKBIA polymorphisms and their single and combined analysis effects on susceptibility of BD in Turkish population. We analysed the distribution of NFKB1 ‐94 ins/del ATTG (rs28362491) and NFKBIA 3′ UTR A→G (rs696) polymorphisms using PCR‐RFLP method in 89 patients with BD and 190 controls in this population. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by calculating OR, and 95% CI via χ2 test and using Bonferroni correction. According to the significant results of both single and combined genotype analysis, the frequencies of ins/ins genotype and ins allele of rs28362491 were significantly higher in patients with BD (Pc = 0.003, 0.004, respectively). Also, higher frequencies of the rs696 variant containing AA genotype was found in patients with BD (Pc = 0.0033), whereas no statistical significant differences in distribution of the alleles of rs696 polymorphism in patients and controls. In addition, according to the combined genotype analysis, the wild type of both rs28362491 and rs696 polymorphisms (ins/ins/AA genotype) was also significantly higher in BD cases (Pc = 0.044). Our findings prove that both single and combined genotype analysis of rs28362491 and rs696 polymorphisms indicate that the wild genotypes of both two SNPs (ins/ins and AA genotypes) and ins/ins/AA combined genotype are strongly associated with enhanced risk of BD in a Turkish population.
Laplace Error Penalty‐based Variable Selection in High Dimension
Authors: Wen Canhong , Wang Xueqin , Wang Shaoli 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe propose the Laplace Error Penalty (LEP) function for variable selection in high‐dimensional regression. Unlike penalty functions using piecewise splines construction, the LEP is constructed as an exponential function with two tuning parameters and is infinitely differentiable everywhere except at the origin. With this construction, the LEP‐based procedure acquires extra flexibility in variable selection, admits a unified derivative formula in optimization and is able to approximate theL0penalty as close as possible. We show that the LEP procedure can identify relevant predictors in exponentially high‐dimensional regression with normal errors. We also establish the oracle property for the LEP estimator. Although not being convex, the LEP yields a convex penalized least squares function under mild conditions ifpis no greater thann. A coordinate descent majorization‐minimization algorithm is introduced to implement the LEP procedure. In simulations and a real data analysis, the LEP methodology performs favorably among competitive procedures.
How Party Affiliation Conditions the Experience of Dissonance and Explains Polarization and Selective Exposure*
Authors: Vraga Emily K. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesDissonance theory has been widely studied in the social sciences, especially given its implications for polarization and selective exposure. This study expands previous research by investigating how this process may differ when a foundational political identity such as party affiliation is at stake.MethodsThis study adapts a classic dissonance paradigm—writing a counterattitudinal essay under conditions of high versus low choice—to a political context by manipulating the topic of the essay to advocating membership in the opposing political party.ResultsIn this context, party affiliation conditions response to writing a counterattitudinal essay: only Republican respondents demonstrate heightened dissonance, selective exposure, and polarization as a result of this task, particularly when the essay is political.ConclusionsDissonance may not be a universal response to potentially arousing tasks, but if only some groups experience dissonance and polarization after enumerating the benefits of an opposing party, it may bias democratic functioning.
Hearing Clergy Speak About Social and Political Issues: Examining the Effects of Religious Tradition and Personal Interest*
Authors: Scheitle Christopher P. , Cornell Nicole 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveThe goal of this research is to identify factors that affect the likelihood that a congregational attendee will report hearing their clergyperson speak about certain social or political issues.MethodsThe data used for this research come from the 2010 Religion and Public Life Survey. We examine three outcomes measuring whether the respondent reports hearing his or her clergy speak about abortion, homosexuality, or the environment.ResultsWe find that an individual's personal interest in particular social issues increases the likelihood of reporting hearing about those issues from his or her clergyperson. There are also significant religious tradition effects, with Catholics being most likely to report hearing about abortion.ConclusionThese findings shed light on what congregational attendees say they are hearing from their clergy about key social and political issues, which could be very different from what clergy report they are saying, as attendees’ reports will be shaped by their attention to, interest in, and interpretation of the clergy's messages.
Presentism, Truthmaking and Necessary Connections
Authors: Tallant Jonathan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRoss Cameron puts forward a novel solution to the truthmaker problem facing presentism. I claim that, by Cameron's own lights, the view is not in fact a presentist view at all, but rather requires us to endorse a form ofPriority Presentism, whereby past objects are derivative and depend for their existence upon present objects. I argue that this view should be rejected.
Simulation training improves clinical knowledge of major haemorrhage management in foundation year doctors
Authors: Green R. , Curry N. 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYObjectives(i) To develop a major haemorrhage simulation training programme. (ii) To design an assessment tool to measure the effectiveness of this programme. (iii) To use simulation training to create more effective protocols.BackgroundMajor haemorrhage is a time‐critical medical emergency that can be faced by every Foundation Year (FY) doctor. Standard methods of teaching provide limited opportunity for junior doctors to improve their knowledge and practical skills for major haemorrhage situations. Simulation is increasingly used in medical training but has not been used as a means both to facilitate learning and refine hospital major haemorrhage policy.MethodsThe effect of major haemorrhage simulation on attendees' learning was compared to a comparator group not exposed to simulation. Questionnaire pre‐simulation and 3 months post‐simulation training assessed knowledge of the Trust Major Haemorrhage Protocol (MHP).ResultsSixteen FY1 doctors attended simulation training. The comparator group included 47 FY1 doctors. No significant difference was found between simulation and comparator groups on baseline questionnaire scores. The simulation group showed significant improvement (total score, mean standard deviation (SD) pre‐test 27·15 (4·02), post‐test 39·13 (3·91), p < 0·001). The comparator group showed no significant change (total score, pre‐test 25·06 (5·70), post‐test 23·54 (6·85), p = 0·33) (19 lost to follow up). The study resulted in the production of a new MHP.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that simulation training improved doctors' knowledge in major haemorrhage management and that the experience of observing the simulation training allowed senior staff to undertake analysis and improvement of an existing MHP.
The Effect of Uphill and Downhill Walking on Joint-Position Sense: A Study on Healthy Knees
Authors: Bottoni Giuliamarta , Heinrich Dieter , Kofler Philipp , Hasler Michael , Nachbauer Werner 
Published: November 2014

Context:During sport activity, knee proprioception might worsen. This decrease in proprioceptive acuity negatively influences motor control and therefore may increase injury risk. Hiking is a common activity characterized by a higher-intensity-exercise phase during uphill walking and a lower-intensity-exercise phase during downhill walking. Pain and injuries are reported in hiking, especially during the downhill phase.Objective:To examine the effect of a hiking-fatigue protocol on joint-position sense.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:24 nonprofessional sportswomen without knee injuries.Main Outcome Measures:Joint-position sense was tested at the beginning, after 30 min uphill walking, and after 30 min downhill walking on a treadmill (continuous protocol).Results:After downhill walking, joint-position sense was significantly worse than in the test at the beginning (P = .035, α = .05). After uphill walking, no differences were observed in comparison with the test at the beginning (P = .172, α = .05) or the test after downhill walking (P = .165, α = .05).Conclusion:Downhill walking causes impairment in knee-joint-position sense. Considering these results, injury-prevention protocols for hiking should focus on maintaining and improving knee proprioception during the descending phase.
The common prophylactic therapy for bowel surgery is ineffective for clearing Bacteroidetes, the primary inducers of systemic inflammation, and causes faster death in response to intestinal barrier damage in mice
Authors: Sinsimer Daniel , Esseghir Amira , Tang May , Laouar Amale 
Published: November 2014

Introduction and objectiveThe role of secreted gut microbial components in the initiation of systemic inflammation and consequences of antibiotic therapies on this inflammatory process are poorly elucidated. We investigate whether peripheral innate cells mount an inflammatory response to gut microbial components, the immune cells that are the primary drivers of systemic inflammation, the bacterial populations that are predominantly responsible, and whether perioperative antibiotics affect these processes.Method and experimental designConditioned supernatants from gut microbes were used to stimulate murine innate cell typesin vitroandin vivo, and proinflammatory responses were characterised. Effects of antibiotic therapies on these responses were investigated using a model of experimental intestinal barrier damage induced by dextran sodium sulfate.ResultsProinflammatory responses in the periphery are generated by components of anaerobes from the Bacteroidetes phylotype and these responses are primarily produced by myeloid dendritic cells. We found that the common prophylactic therapy for sepsis (oral neomycin and metronidazole administered to patients the day prior to surgery) is ineffective for clearing Bacteroidetes from the murine intestine. A point of critical consequence of this result is the increased systemic inflammation and premature death observed in treated mice, and these outcomes appear to be independent of gut bacterial spread in the initial phase of intestinal barrier damage. Importantly, spillage of gut microbial products, rather than dissemination of gut microbes, may underlay the initiation of systemic inflammation leading to death.ConclusionsOur data further affirm the importance of a balanced gut microflora biodiversity in host immune homeostasis and reinforce the notion that inadequate antibiotic therapy can have detrimental effects on overall immune system.