bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Proximal Humeral Fractures with Proximal Humerus Locking Plate—A Prospective Study
Authors: Vijay Sharma , Balvinder Singh , Shailendra Khare 
Published: October 2014

Background Displaced proximal humeral fractures, which used to be treated conservatively in the past, often had compromised functional results. With the advancement of technology, these fractures are now more often managed operatively, fulfilling the demands of an active and productive life style by the patients. The aim of this study was to assess the functional outcome of management of proximal humeral fractures with Philos (Synthes; Johnson and Johnson, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA) plate fixation. Methods In this prospective study, 40 patients aged 18–80 years (mean age 52.4 years) with fractures of the proximal humerus, including two-, three-, and four-part fractures, were treated by open reduction internal fixation with Philos plating. Patients were functionally evaluated based on subjective (35 points) and objective (65 points) parameters as per the constant scoring system. Results All these operated patients were followed up for 18–36 months (average 27.3 months). Functional outcome based on the constant scoring system showed excellent results in 20 (50%), good in eight (20%), and moderate in eight (20%) patients. Four (10%) patients had poor functional results. Out of six cases of four-part fracture dislocations, avascular necrosis of the humeral head was observed in two patients. One of these two patients had avascular necrosis of the head along with nonunion of the fragment to the shaft. Conclusion Philos plate fixation for proximal humeral fractures provides good stable fixation with good functional outcome and minimal complications.
Single bolus parecoxib attenuates sore throat after laryngeal microsurgery: A randomized double‐blind control study
Authors: Huang Hui‐Fang , Chang Pi‐Ying , Chen Yu‐Chun , Tseng Kuang‐Yi , Hsu Hung‐Te , Cheng Kuang‐I , Lu I‐Cheng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLaryngeal microsurgery is performed to assess disorders of the larynx. Parecoxib is the only parenterally administered selective cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitor widely used in acute pain control. The purpose of this study is to assess the analgesic effects of parecoxib compared with morphine for postoperative sore throat in patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery. Fifty patients were randomly allocated to receive either parecoxib 0.5 mg/kg or morphine 50 μg/kg prior to anesthesia induction. General anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane 2–4%. Postoperative sore throat and other outcomes were measured at a postanesthesia care unit (PACU) 4 hours and 24 hours postoperatively. The severity of postoperative sore throat was assessed by sore throat score as follows: none (0) = no pharyngeal or laryngeal discomfort; mild (1) = no pain at rest, but swallowing induced mild pain or discomfort; moderate (2) = constant pain without swallowing exacerbation; and severe (3) = constant pain with swallowing or respiratory exacerbation. The incidences of postoperative side effects (nausea, vomiting, itching, dizziness, and somnolence) were also recorded. Demographic data from the parecoxib (n = 25) and morphine (n = 25) groups did not differ significantly. The parecoxib group depicted similar sore throat scores as the morphine group at three measured postoperative time points. Patients requiring postoperative analgesics were comparable between the parecoxib group and morphine group (2/25, 8% vs. 3/25, 12%, p = 0.64). Overall postoperative adverse events were fewer in the parecoxib group than the morphine group (3/25, 12% vs. 9/25, 36%, p = 0.047). Both parecoxib and morphine are effective to attenuate postoperative sore throat after laryngeal microsurgery. Parecoxib may be an effective and well‐tolerated injectable analgesic to manage postoperative sore throat after laryngeal microsurgery.
Increased extracellular pressure stimulates tumor proliferation by a mechanosensitive calcium channel and PKC‐β
Authors: Basson Marc D. , Zeng Bixi , Downey Christina , Sirivelu Madhu P. , Tepe Jetze J. 
Published: October 2014

Large tumors exhibit high interstitial pressure heightened by growth against the constraining stroma. Such pressures could stimulate tumor proliferation via a mechanosensitive ion channel. We studied the effects of 0–80 mmHg increased extracellular pressure for 24 h on proliferation of SW620, Caco‐2, and CT‐26 colon; MCF‐7 breast; and MLL and PC3 prostate cancer cells, and delineated its mechanism in SW620 cells with specific inhibitors and siRNA. Finally, we compared NF‐kB, phospho‐IkB and cyclin D1 immunoreactivity in the high pressure centers and low pressure peripheries of human tumors. Pressure‐stimulated proliferation in all cells. Pressure‐driven SW620 proliferation required calcium influx via the T‐type Ca2+ channel Cav3.3, which stimulated PKC‐β to invoke the IKK‐IkB–NF–kB pathway to increase proliferation and S‐phase fraction. The mitotic index and immunoreactivity of NF‐kB, phospho‐IkB, and cyclin D1 in the center of 28 large human colon, lung, and head and neck tumors exceeded that in tumor peripheries. Extracellular pressure increases [Ca2+]i via Cav3.3, driving a PKC‐β‐ IKK‐ IkB–NF–kB pathway that stimulates cancer cell proliferation. Rapid proliferation in large stiff tumors may increase intratumoral pressure, activating this pathway to stimulate further proliferation in a feedback cycle that potentiates tumor growth. Targeting this pathway may inhibit proliferation in large unresectable tumors.
CHAIN CONDITIONS OF PRODUCTS, AND WEAKLY COMPACT CARDINALS
Authors: RINOT ASSAF 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe history of productivity of theκ-chain condition in partial orders, topological spaces, or Boolean algebras is surveyed, and its connection to the set-theoretic notion of a weakly compact cardinal is highlighted. Then, it is proved that for every regular cardinal$\kappa > \aleph _1 {\rm{,}}$the principle □(k) is equivalent to the existence of a certain strong coloring$c\,:\,[k]^2 \, \to $kfor which the family of fibers${\cal T}\left( c \right)$is a nonspecialκ-Aronszajn tree.The theorem follows from an analysis of a new characteristic function for walks on ordinals, and implies in particular that if theκ-chain condition is productive for a given regular cardinal$\kappa > \aleph _1 {\rm{,}}$thenκis weakly compact in some inner model of ZFC. This provides a partial converse to the fact that ifκis a weakly compact cardinal, then theκ-chain condition is productive.
Resilience—Rhetoric to Reality: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies After Disasters
Authors: van Kessel Gisela , MacDougall Colin , Gibbs Lisa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis report aimed to examine the literature regarding evidence about community-based interventions that use the concept of resilience to increase positive health outcomes after disaster.MethodsA search was conducted of databases; gray literature, public health journals, and available key journals focused on disaster, emergency, and trauma from inception to December 2013. Excluded were non-English publications, only about children or adolescents, or a commentary or theoretical discussion on resilience.ResultsFrom a total of 1880 records, excluding duplicates, 8 studies were found. Exclusions included participants younger than age 18 years (n=74), non-English (n=40), nonempirical (n=265), not referring to disaster (n=188), not a public health intervention (n=319), and not related to an intervention targeting resilience (n=890).ConclusionsThis systematic review highlighted a gap in the evidence relating to interventions targeting the resilience of adults who have experienced a disaster. The results were mixed in relation to information provision but promising for strategies that promote social interactions or develop community competence. Future studies could explore the ability of interventions to build the intrinsic capacity of a system, community, or society at risk of a disaster to adapt and survive. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness.2014;0:1-9)
Triage Management, Survival, and the Law in the Age of Ebola
Authors: Burkle Frederick M , Burkle Christopher M 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLiberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea lack the public health infrastructure, economic stability, and overall governance to stem the spread of Ebola. Even with robust outside assistance, the epidemiological data have not improved. Vital resource management is haphazard and left to the discretion of individual Ebola treatment units. Only recently has the International Health Regulations (IHR) and World Health Organization (WHO) declared Ebola a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, making this crisis their fifth ongoing level 3 emergency. In particular, the WHO has been severely compromised by post-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) staffing, budget cuts, a weakened IHR treaty, and no unambiguous legal mandate. Population-based triage management under a central authority is indicated to control the transmission and ensure fair and decisive resource allocation across all triage categories. The shared responsibilities critical to global health solutions must be realized and the rightful attention, sustained resources, and properly placed legal authority be assured within the WHO, the IHR, and the vulnerable nations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)
New symbiotic associations of hyperiid amphipods (Peracarida) with gelatinous zooplankton in deep waters off California
Authors: Gasca Rebeca , Hoover Rebecca , Haddock Steven H.D. 
Published: October 2014

Hyperiid amphipods are holoplanktonic marine crustaceans that are known as temporary symbionts of different groups of gelatinous zooplankton. The nature and dynamics of these associations are still poorly understood, particularly in deep waters. The mesopelagic and deep-living planktonic fauna off Monterey Bay, California (down to 4000 m) was surveyed using a remotely operated submersible (ROV) and blue-water diving (BWD) between September 2005 and January 2008. In this work we report our observations on a total of 51 symbiotic associations observedin situ(not from zooplankton samples), between hyperiid amphipods and various taxa of gelatinous zooplankton. We present the first information on the symbiotic relations of the hyperiidVibilia caeca, and we provide data of 34 previously unknown symbiotic associations. The host range was expanded for several widely distributed hyperiid species. These findings suggest that the symbiotic associations between hyperiid amphipods and gelatinous zooplankton in deep waters deserve further study worldwide.
Differential survival among Tahitian tree snails during a mass extinction event: persistence of the rare and fecund
Authors: Bick C.S. , Foighil Diarmaid Ó , Coote Trevor 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe deliberate introduction of the rosy wolf snailEuglandina roseato the Society Islands in the 1970s led to the mass extirpation of its rich Partulidae (Pilsbry, 1900) fauna, comprising approximately half of all species in this Pacific island tree snail family. On Tahiti ongoing field surveys have documented the survival of two of seven endemic species ofPartula(P. hyalinaand/orP. clara) in 38 valleys.E. roseais now a potent extinction agent across Oceania and determining the factors enabling these two taxa to endure may have wide conservation import. We hypothesized thatP. hyalinaandP. clarahave survived because they were the most abundant and/or widespread species and that they will eventually become extinct. We lack demographic data contemporaneous with predator introduction, but an early 20th century study by H.E. Crampton provides historical demographic data for intact Tahitian partulid populations. Crampton found thatP. claraandP. hyalina, although widespread, were consistently rarer than their now-extirpated congeners, including in the 23 valleys he surveyed that retain surviving populations. Given this result, and the recent finding thatP. claraandP. hyalinacomprise a discrete founding lineage in Tahiti, it is plausible that some shared biological attribute(s) may have contributed to their survival. Crampton recorded the clutch sizes of thousands of gravid Tahitian partulids and found that these two taxa had higher instantaneous mean clutch sizes than did co-occurring congeners. Higher fecundities may have contributed to the survival ofP. hyalinaandP. clarain the valleys of Tahiti.
Congenitally palliated scimitar syndrome
Authors: Cantinotti Massimiliano , Giordano Raffaele , Spadoni Isabella 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe present a rare case of scimitar syndrome in which the scimitar vessel, collecting all the right pulmonary veins, was stenotic at its junction, with the inferior caval vein and two anomalous vessels, connecting to the same venous collector, draining most of the flow to the left atrium.We arbitrarily defined this rare anatomical variant as a congenitally palliated scimitar syndrome.
Teleneuropsychology: Evidence for Video Teleconference-Based Neuropsychological Assessment
Authors: Munro Cullum C. , Hynan L.S. , Grosch M. , Parikh M. , Weiner M.F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe use of videoconference technology to deliver health care diagnostics and treatment continues to grow at a rapid pace. Telepsychiatry and telepsychology applications are well-accepted by patients and providers, and both diagnostic and treatment outcomes have generally been similar to traditional face-to-face interactions. Preliminary applications of videoconference-based neuropsychological assessment (teleneuropsychology) have yielded promising results in the feasibility and reliability of several standard tests, although large-scale studies are lacking. This investigation was conducted to determine the reliability of video teleconference (VTC) - based neuropsychological assessment using a brief battery of standard neuropsychological tests commonly used in the evaluation of known or suspected dementia. Tests included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Digit Span forward and backward, short form Boston Naming Test, Letter and Category Fluency, and Clock Drawing. Tests were administered via VTC and in-person to subjects, counterbalanced using alternate test forms and standard instructions. Two hundred two adult subjects were tested in both rural and urban settings, including 83 with cognitive impairment and 119 healthy controls. We found highly similar results across VTC and in-person conditions, with significant intraclass correlations (mean=.74; range: 0.55–0.91) between test scores. Findings remained consistent in subjects with or without cognitive impairment and in persons with MMSE scores as low as 15. VTC-based neuropsychological testing is a valid and reliable alternative to traditional face-to-face assessment using selected measures. More VTC-based studies using additional tests in different populations are needed to fully explore the utility of this new testing medium. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–6)
Trait Versus State
Authors: Radtke Theda , Inauen Jennifer , Rennie Laura , Orbell Sheina , Scholz Urte 
Published: October 2014

Compensatory health beliefs (CHBs)–beliefs that an unhealthy behavior can be compensated for by a healthy behavior–can be distinguished into trait and state beliefs. Trait CHBs are stable individual differences, whereas state CHBs are activated in a tempting situation–for example, when faced with an attractive snack. The aim of this study was to test whether diet-specific trait or state CHBs are predictive for an unhealthy behavior–namely, high-calorie snack consumption. A scenario was created in which 66 women aged 16 to 50 were faced with a high-calorie snack. Diet-specific trait and state CHBs correlated moderately with each other. Regression analyses revealed that diet-specific trait CHBs with exercise as the compensatory behavior were significantly predictive for high-calorie snack consumption, over and above control variables such as age, whereas state CHBs were only marginally significant. Diet-specific trait and state CHBs with reduced intake (eat less later) as the compensatory behavior were not related to high-calorie snack consumption. Results showed that trait CHBs are relevant for the prediction of high-calorie snack consumption. Future studies might want to further refine the measurement of CHBs, especially state CHBs.
Unfolding the secrets of coral–algal symbiosis
Authors: Rosic Nedeljka , Ling Edmund Yew Siang , Chan Chon-Kit Kenneth , Lee Hong Ching , Kaniewska Paulina , Edwards David , Dove Sophie , Hoegh-Guldberg Ove 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Dinoflagellates from the genus Symbiodinium form a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with reef-building corals. Here we applied massively parallel Illumina sequencing to assess genetic similarity and diversity among four phylogenetically diverse dinoflagellate clades (A, B, C and D) that are commonly associated with corals. We obtained more than 30 000 predicted genes for each Symbiodinium clade, with a majority of the aligned transcripts corresponding to sequence data sets of symbiotic dinoflagellates and &lt;2% of sequences having bacterial or other foreign origin. We report 1053 genes, orthologous among four Symbiodinium clades, that share a high level of sequence identity to known proteins from the SwissProt (SP) database. Approximately 80% of the transcripts aligning to the 1053 SP genes were unique to Symbiodinium species and did not align to other dinoflagellates and unrelated eukaryotic transcriptomes/genomes. Six pathways were common to all four Symbiodinium clades including the phosphatidylinositol signaling system and inositol phosphate metabolism pathways. The list of Symbiodinium transcripts common to all four clades included conserved genes such as heat shock proteins (Hsp70 and Hsp90), calmodulin, actin and tubulin, several ribosomal, photosynthetic and cytochrome genes and chloroplast-based heme-containing cytochrome P450, involved in the biosynthesis of xanthophylls. Antioxidant genes, which are important in stress responses, were also preserved, as were a number of calcium-dependent and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases that may play a role in the establishment of symbiosis. Our findings disclose new knowledge about the genetic uniqueness of symbiotic dinoflagellates and provide a list of homologous genes important for the foundation of coral–algal symbiosis.
Phylogenetic and environmental diversity of DsrAB-type dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductases
Authors: Müller Albert Leopold , Kjeldsen Kasper Urup , Rattei Thomas , Pester Michael , Loy Alexander 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The energy metabolism of essential microbial guilds in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle is based on a DsrAB-type dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductase that either catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide during anaerobic respiration of sulfate, sulfite and organosulfonates, or acts in reverse during sulfur oxidation. Common use of dsrAB as a functional marker showed that dsrAB richness in many environments is dominated by novel sequence variants and collectively represents an extensive, largely uncharted sequence assemblage. Here, we established a comprehensive, manually curated dsrAB/DsrAB database and used it to categorize the known dsrAB diversity, reanalyze the evolutionary history of dsrAB and evaluate the coverage of published dsrAB-targeted primers. Based on a DsrAB consensus phylogeny, we introduce an operational classification system for environmental dsrAB sequences that integrates established taxonomic groups with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at multiple phylogenetic levels, ranging from DsrAB enzyme families that reflect reductive or oxidative DsrAB types of bacterial or archaeal origin, superclusters, uncultured family-level lineages to species-level OTUs. Environmental dsrAB sequences constituted at least 13 stable family-level lineages without any cultivated representatives, suggesting that major taxa of sulfite/sulfate-reducing microorganisms have not yet been identified. Three of these uncultured lineages occur mainly in marine environments, while specific habitat preferences are not evident for members of the other 10 uncultured lineages. In summary, our publically available dsrAB/DsrAB database, the phylogenetic framework, the multilevel classification system and a set of recommended primers provide a necessary foundation for large-scale dsrAB ecology studies with next-generation sequencing methods.
Calciphytoliths (calcium oxalate crystals) analysis for the identification of decayed tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.)
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Lu Houyuan , Huang Linpei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe history of tea is poorly known, mainly due to the questionable identification of decayed tea plants in archaeological samples. This paper attempts to test the utility of calciphytoliths (calcium oxalate crystals) for the identification of tea in archaeological samples. It provides the first survey of the macropatterns of calciphytoliths in several species of Theaceae and common non-Theaceae plants. Crystals were extracted from 45 samples of tea, Theaceae and common non-Theaceae plants and detected microscopically between crossed polarizers. In tea plants, druse and trichome base are the most distinctive crystals. Druses have the smallest diameter (11.65 ± 3.64 μm) and trichome bases have four distinctive straight and regular cracks, similar to a regular extinction cross. The results provide morphological criteria for distinguishing tea from other plants, specifically the presence of identifiable druses together with calcified trichome bases. The implications are significant for understanding the history of tea and plant exploitation, especially for plants for which the preservation of macrofossils is poor.
Thermal Assisted Oxygen Annealing for High Efficiency Planar CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ren Zhiwei , Ng Annie , Shen Qian , Gokkaya Huseyin Cem , Wang Jingchuan , Yang Lijun , Yiu Wai-Kin , Bai Gongxun , Djurišić Aleksandra B. , Leung Wallace Woon-fong , Hao Jianhua , Chan Wai Kin , Surya Charles 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report investigations on the influences of post-deposition treatments on the performance of solution-processed methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3)-based planar solar cells. The prepared films were stored in pure N2 at room temperature or annealed in pure O2 at room temperature, 45°C, 65°C and 85°C for 12 hours prior to the deposition of the metal electrodes. It is found that annealing in O2 leads to substantial increase in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the devices. Furthermore, strong dependence on the annealing temperature for the PCEs of the devices suggests that a thermally activated process may underlie the observed phenomenon. It is believed that the annealing process may facilitate the diffusion of O2 into the spiro-MeOTAD for inducing p-doping of the hole transport material. Furthermore, the process can result in lowering the localized state density at the grain boundaries as well as the bulk of perovskite. Utilizing thermal assisted O2 annealing, high efficiency devices with good reproducibility were attained. A PCE of 15.4% with an open circuit voltage (VOC) 1.04 V, short circuit current density (JSC) 23 mA/cm2 and fill factor 0.64 had been achieved for our champion device.