bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Adverse Effects of Used Engine Oil (Common Waste Pollutant) On Reproduction of Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Akintunde Wasiu Olalekan , Olugbenga Ojo A. , Olufemi Ogundipe O. 
Published: March 2015

AIM: Used oil is contaminated not only with heavy metals but also with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are insignificant in the unused oil. In our study we determined possible reproductive effects of used engine oil on male rats.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty eight male Wistar rats were used for the study. The rats had average weight of 181.5 Â± 10 g, animal feeds and portable water was provided ad-libitum. The rats were assigned to 4 groups (n = 7) including control. The treated groups orally received 0.1 ml/rat, 0.2 ml/rat and 0.4 ml/rat of the used engine oil every other day for 28 days using oral canulla. The spermatozoa were collected from epididymis for sperm analysis and testes were removed and preserved in Bouinâ€™s fluid for routine histological analysis.RESULTS: Our results showed that there was progressive weight increase among the control group of rats that received distilled water. Meanwhile, rats that received 0.4 ml/rat of the used engine oil showed significant (P < 0.05) weight loss in second and third week of administration while rats that received 0.2 ml/rat and 0.1 ml/rat of the used engine oil showed non-significant (P > 0.05) weight reduction. The spermatozoa number was decreased with significance (P < 0.05) at 0.2 ml/rat (2.38 Â± 0.29) and 0.4 ml/rat (1.98 Â± 0.08) when compared with the control (5.00 Â± 0.89). However, the percentage of motile sperms was reduced significantly (P <0.05) at 0.2 ml/rat (52.86 Â± 3.59) and 0.4 ml/rat (45.71 Â± 2.94) except at 0.1 ml/rat where the reduction (64.00 Â± 7.5) was not significant (P> 0.05). The percentage of head deformity been 41.43 Â± 2.61 and 42.00 Â± 3.74 at 0.2 ml/rat and 0.4 ml/rat respectively, also significant increase of middle piece deformity was observed only at 0.1 ml/rat (45.71 Â± 2.02) while tail deformity significantly decreased (15.71 Â± 2.02, 20.00 Â± 4.36 and 20.00 Â± 4.47) when compared with the control (30.00 Â± 1.29). The testicular seminiferous tubules were slightly degenerated with absence of Lumen. The germinal cell layer consisting of necrosis of spermatogonia and interstitial (Leydig) cells with affected Sertoli cells at different maturation stages.CONCLUSION: Hence, it can be said that there is a negative relation between used engine oil and male reproductive parameters. And it can be concluded that used engine oil should beÂ prevented from leaking, spilling or improperly discarded as through medium it may enter storm water runoff and eventually affect the environmental health receiving water bodies.
Tenascin-C Levels, A Toll-like Receptor 4 Ligand, in Enthesitis-related Arthritis Category of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Study
Authors: Shukla Anuj , Gaur Priyanka , Aggarwal Amita 
Published: March 2015

Objective.Monocytes of children with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) show Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) overexpression. Tenascin-C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein and acts as an endogenous TLR4 ligand. Thus, we studied the serum and synovial fluid (SF) levels of TNC in children with ERA.Methods.TNC was measured in the serum of 80 children with ERA satisfying the International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria. Fifteen children were followed up while being treated with regular nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy and levels were reassessed at 3 months. Seventeen paired serum-SF samples and 25 healthy control serum samples were also analyzed. Disease activity was assessed by physician’s global assessment (PGA), early morning stiffness (EMS), tender (TJC) and swollen joint counts (SJC), enthesitis score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP).Results.The mean serum TNC level in patients with active disease (67.1 ± 44.9 ng/ml) was significantly higher than in those with inactive disease (40.6 ± 36.7 ng/ml, p = 0.01) and healthy controls (21 ± 15.2 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Levels of TNC were higher in HLA-B27–positive (58.4 ng/ml) versus −negative disease (20.4 ng/ml, p = 0.01). TNC levels correlated moderately with disease activity: PGA r = 0.4, EMS r = 0.34, TJC r = 0.4, SJC r = 0.46, ESR r = 0.42, and CRP r = 0.32. In receiver-operation characteristic analysis for active versus inactive diseases, TNC [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.754] was equivalent to ESR (AUC = 0.787) and CRP (AUC = 0.789). Regular NSAID therapy led to a significant fall in serum TNC levels at 3 months (p = 0.0003). The SF TNC level was 17.39 ng/ml, significantly lower than the paired serum values (p = 0.01).Conclusion.Serum TNC levels are significantly raised and correlate with various clinical and laboratory variables of disease activity in children with ERA. Regular NSAID therapy reduces the TNC levels, probably related to controlling disease activity.
La lógica de Stalin y la Guerra de España
Authors: Elorza Antonio 
Published: March 2015

Au-delà de sa composante répressive, Staline définit une forme spécifique d’action dans le domaine de la politique, une approche personnelle à la « guerre » de classes et à la résolution des conflits dont le principal atout est une poursuite de ses buts au même temps implacable et pragmatique. La guerre d’Espagne devient un scénario optimal pour la mise en œuvre de cette stratégie.
Anarchisme et sexualité en Espagne jusqu’en 1939
Authors: Guereña Jean-Louis 
Published: March 2015

Cette contribution examine l’espace occupé par la sexualité au sein de la « culture anarchiste » espagnole, en abordant rapidement divers points qui montrent la présence et l’importance d’une véritable « culture sexuelle » dans la mouvance anarchiste : l’éducation sexuelle et la divulgation de la sexualité, l’eugénisme, le néomalthusianisme et le contrôle de la natalité, la lutte contre la prostitution réglementée et les « maladies vénériennes », comme l’on disait alors, et finalement l’homosexualité.
Trente ans d'exil en Suisse. José Herrera Petere (Genève, 1947-1977)
Authors: Duroux Rose 
Published: March 2015

En 1946, l’écrivain José Herrera Petere (Guadalajara, 1909-Genève, 1977), en exil au Mexique, accepte un contrat lucratif comme fonctionnaire du BIT (Bureau International du Travail). Il arrive à Genève en février 1947. Il restera trente ans en Suisse. Éloigné des cercles de l’exil les plus influents et du public espagnol, il est coupé de l’humus qui le nourrissait. Alors, il va rechercher la compagnie des écrivains suisses, notamment celle des « poètes de Genève ». Il ne tarde pas à entrer dans le milieu des revues littéraires suisses de langue française, progressistes, telles que Rencontre et Jeune Poésie, et à collaborer. Cette sociabilité nouvelle va marquer, profondément, sa création. Il n’écrira plus de romans. Les recueils de poésie qu’il publiera seront bilingues, généralement traduits par ses amis poètes. Il était reconnu en Suisse mais ce que lui attendait, c’était un appel de l’Espagne, qui ne vint jamais. C’est là une expérience originale dans la diaspora républicaine.
Bricoler le vivant dans des garages
Authors: Meyer Morgan 
Published: March 2015

La « biologie de garage » suscite des interprétations variées. D’un côté, on s’inquiète face aux risques potentiels (bioterrorisme, contamination, fabrication de virus). De l’autre, elle permettrait de rendre la science plus démocratique et citoyenne. La comparaison fréquente avec Steve Jobs suggère même un fort potentiel économique. Le garage symbolise donc la liberté de penser de façon non conventionnelle, en dehors de contraintes économiques, politiques, académiques et institutionnelles. En même temps, un garage qui n’est pas surveillé, sécurisé ni contrôlé est vu comme un lieu propice au bioterrorisme. La comparaison entre le bioterroriste fabriquant un virus et le génie innovant nous permet de distinguer deux types de viralité : une viralité due à des « petits êtres » difficiles à confiner et à rendre visibles, et une viralité produisant des « grands êtres » singularisés et très visibles. La différence entre ces deux types de viralité est d’ordre sémantique, ontologique et institutionnel.
IgM and IgA Rheumatoid Factors Purified from Rheumatoid Arthritis Sera Boost the Fc Receptor– and Complement-Dependent Effector Functions of the Disease-Specific Anti–Citrullinated Protein Autoantibodies
Authors: Anquetil Florence , Clavel Cyril , Offer Géraldine , Serre Guy , Sebbag Mireille 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Rheumatoid factors (RF) and the disease-specific anti–citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPA) coexist in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients where they probably contribute to synovitis. We investigated the influence of IgM and IgA RF on the FcR- and complement-dependent effects of ACPA immune complexes (ACPA-IC). When stimulated by ACPA-IC formed in the presence of IgM RF or IgA RF fractions purified from RA serum pools, M-CSF–generated macrophages skewed their cytokine response toward inflammation, with increases in the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio and in IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, and decreases in the IL-1Ra/IL-1β ratio. In the IgM RF-mediated amplification of the inflammatory response of macrophages, the participation of an IgM receptor was excluded, notably by showing that they did not express any established receptor for IgM. Rather, this amplification depended on the IgM RF-mediated recruitment of more IgG into the ACPA-IC. However, the macrophages expressed FcαRI and blocking its interaction with IgA inhibited the IgA RF-mediated amplification of TNF-α secretion induced by ACPA-IC, showing its major implication in the effects of RF of the IgA class. LPS further amplified the TNF-α response of macrophages to RF-containing ACPA-IC. Lastly, the presence of IgM or IgA RF increased the capacity of ACPA-IC to activate the complement cascade. Therefore, specifically using autoantibodies from RA patients, the strong FcR-mediated or complement-dependent pathogenic potential of IC including both ACPA and IgM or IgA RF was established. Simultaneous FcR triggering by these RF-containing ACPA-IC and TLR4 ligation possibly makes a major contribution to RA synovitis.
Effect of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene on the Proliferative Activity of the Breast Epithelium in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Lucato Miliana T. , Freitas-Junior Ruffo , Moreira Marise A. R. , Bernardes-Junior Júlio R. M. , Pinto Sebastião A. , Paulinelli Regis R. , Soares Leonardo R. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives To compare the effects of tamoxifen and raloxifene on the proliferative activity of normal breast tissue in premenopausal women as measured by Ki-67/MIB-1 expression. Study Design A total of 48 women with benign breast nodules and a recommendation for surgical removal of the lesion took part in this study. They were randomized to use tamoxifen or raloxifene for 22 days, after which they were submitted to surgery. During the surgical procedure, a 1-cm fragment of normal breast tissue was removed to study Ki-67 expression. Results The mean percentage ratios between immunolabeled and non-labeled cells were 2.02 ± 1.09 and 3.13 ± 3.23 for the tamoxifen and raloxifene groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the tamoxifen ( n = 16) and raloxifene ( n = 14) groups in relation to the immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 ( P = 0.205). Conclusion The results of this study showed no difference between tamoxifen and raloxifene with respect to the potential of these drugs to reduce the proliferative activity of the normal breast epithelium in premenopausal women.
Do Premenopausal Hypothyroid Women on Levothyroxine Therapy Need Bone Status Monitoring?
Authors: Babu Ruby P. , Christy Alap , Hegde Anupama , Manjrekar Poornima , D'Souza Vivian 
Published: March 2015

Background Suppressive doses of levothyroxine therapy are reported to reduce bone mineral density (BMD) in women. Data on bone changes in premenopausal hypothyroid women with replacement therapy are limited. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate bone changes in this group using bone markers and BMD. Materials and Methods A hospital-based case–control study including 75 premenopausal women aged 30–45 years was conducted. The subjects were categorized based on their thyroid function and history into three groups of 25 euthyroid, 25 newly diagnosed hypothyroid, and 25 hypothyroid women on 100–200 μg of levothyroxine for a minimum of 5 years. The bone changes were evaluated and compared among the groups biochemically by estimating their plasma osteocalcin and serum calcium and phosphorus and radiologically by measuring their BMD by quantitative ultrasonography. Statistical analysis was conducted by using analysis of variance, Tukey's test, and Pearson's correlation using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Results Levels of plasma osteocalcin, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus in patients on long-term levothyroxine therapy were significantly higher than those in newly diagnosed hypothyroid women and in the euthyroid group. BMD showed definite features of osteopenia ( T-score: −2.26 ± 0.5) among the women in the treatment group, while it was well within the normal range in the newly diagnosed and euthyroid women. A significant correlation was found between the osteocalcin levels and T-score. Conclusion Hypothyroid women on long-term levothyroxine therapy showed signs of increased bone turnover and increased resorptive changes, though not frank osteoporosis. Hence, it may be important to evaluate the bone status of patients on levothyroxine for >5 years.
The Frequency of Elliptic Curve Groups over Prime Finite Fields
Authors: Chandee Vorrapan , David Chantal , Koukoulopoulos Dimitris , Smith Ethan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLetting p vary over all primes and E vary over all elliptic curves over the finite field 𝔽p, we study the frequency to which a given group G arises as a group of points E(𝔽p). It is well known that the only permissible groups are of the form Gm,k:=ℤ/mℤ×ℤ/mkℤ. Given such a candidate group, we let M(Gm,k) be the frequency to which the group Gm,karises in this way. Previously, C.David and E. Smith determined an asymptotic formula for M(Gm,k) assuming a conjecture about primes in short arithmetic progressions. In this paper, we prove several unconditional bounds for M(Gm,k), pointwise and on average. In particular, we show thatM(Gm,k) is bounded above by a constant multiple of the expected quantity when m ≤ kA and that the conjectured asymptotic for M(Gm,k) holds for almost all groups Gm,k when m ≤ k1/4-∈. We also apply our methods to study the frequency to which a given integer N arises as a group order #E(𝔽p).
The Contraction Principle for Multivalued Mappings on a Modular Metric Space with a Graph
Authors: Rashed Alfuraidan Monther 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We study the existence of fixed points for contraction multivalued mappings in modular metric spaces endowed with a graph. The notion of a modular metric on an arbitrary set and the corresponding modular spaces, generalizing classical modulars over linear spaces like Orlicz spaces, were recently introduced. This paper can be seen as a generalization of Nadler and Edelstein’s fixed point theorems to modular metric spaces endowed with a graph.
Development of a Universal RNA Beacon for Exogenous Gene Detection
Authors: Guo Yuanjian , Lu Zhongju , Cohen Ira Stephen , Scarlata Suzanne 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Stem cell therapy requires a nontoxic and high-throughput method to achieve a pure cell population to prevent teratomas that can occur if even one cell in the implant has not been transformed. A promising method to detect and separate cells expressing a particular gene is RNA beacon technology. However, developing a successful, specific beacon to a particular transfected gene can take months to develop and in some cases is impossible. Here, we report on an off-the-shelf universal beacon that decreases the time and cost of applying beacon technology to select any living cell population transfected with an exogenous gene.

Significance
Stem cell therapy requires pure cell populations. RNA beacons have a high potential to select and separate differentiated cells from undifferentiated cells. However, development of a beacon for a specific gene can be difficult and time-consuming. An RNA tag was developed that can be attached to any gene without affecting the protein product. The tagged gene is detected by an off-the-shelf RNA beacon that can be used for cell selection.
The Investigation of the Efficient Market Hypothesis: Evidence from an Emerging Market
Authors: Saeedi Ali , Miraskari Seyed Reza , Ara Mehrdad Sadr 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This study examines the weak-form efficiency of the Iranian capital market after changes in market regulations. Some events after 2005 have fundamentally changed the environment of the Iranian capital market, and we expect those reforms to increase its market efficiency. Therefore, this study examined the behavior of daily returns in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) utilizing autocorrelation and augmented Dickey-Fuller for the period of 2005-2013. The results of all the tests do not support that TSE daily returns follow a random walk. Therefore, we conclude that it is possible to use technical skills to attain abnormal gains.
Reproductive Biology and Mass Production of Pseudodiaptomus annandalie Sewell (Copepoda: Calanoida)
Authors: CATURAO ROMEO D. 
Published: March 2015

Due to expensive microparticulate diets for marine fish larvae, mariculturesystems shifted to alternative live feeds. P. annandalie is recommended asalternative larval feed; however, field collection is unreliable because the quantityrequired is variable in nature. This study examined the reproductive biology andmass production of P.annandalie. The reproductive biology was characterized byegg, nauplii, copepodite and total abundances, and fecundity through feedingvarious locally available microalgal species and at different salinity levels. Exceptfor scaling up, all experiments were conducted in complete randomized designand data were analyzed by ANOVA at 0.05 alpha using SPSS. Results showed that reproductive biology of P. annandalie cultured for 20 days is better enhanced by microalgal species (Chaetoceros calcitrans) at lower salinity of 20 ppt. Scale-up andmass production was possible through a multi-step method. It is recommendedthat nutritional studies should be explored to improve fecundity of this species.Keywords - Biology, Pseudodiaptomus annandalie, reproductive biology, fecundity, massproduction, and experimental design
Larval Host Plants and Metamorphosis of Selected Butterfly Species (Rhopalocera) in La Union Botanical Garden (LUBG), San Fernando, La Union, Philippines
Authors: NACUA ALMA E. , MOHAGAN ALMA B. , ALEJANDRO GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. 
Published: March 2015

Host plants are known to support growth of different butterfly species in the larval stage. Butterfly larvae are characterized by being voracious eaters and host plant specific. However, information regarding larval host plants of many butterfly species remains poor in the Philippines. The paper aimed to provide information on the larval host plants of the butterflies and document some butterfly life cycles in La Union Botanical Garden, San Fernando, La Union (LUBG), Philippines. The study employed visual searching for eggs and larvae in the foliage along the 100-meter line transects established in LUBG. Larval host plants were determined when larvae feed on the plant particularly leaves or flowers. The study on the life cycle or metamorphosis of selected butterfly species utilized field observation and description using ocular micrometer under the microscope. The data revealed 66 species in 27 families of larval host plants that support 57 species in 4 families of butterflies. The results suggest that presence and abundance of larval host plants affect butterfly metamorphosis and abundance in LUBG. Keywords - Butterfly, larval host plants, metamorphosis
Evaluating the utility of B/Ca ratios in planktic foraminifera as a proxy for the carbonate system: A case study of Globigerinoides ruber
Authors: Henehan Michael J. , Foster Gavin L. , Rae James W. B. , Prentice Katy C. , Erez Jonathan , Bostock Helen C. , Marshall Brittney J. , Wilson Paul A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractB/Ca ratios in foraminifera have attracted considerable scientific attention as a proxy for past ocean carbonate system. However, the carbonate system controls on B/Ca ratios are not straightforward, with Δ[
] ([
]in situ – [
]at saturation) correlating best with B/Ca ratios in benthic foraminifera, rather than pH,
, or
(as a simple model of boron speciation in seawater and incorporation into CaCO3 would predict). Furthermore, culture experiments have shown that in planktic foraminifera properties such as salinity and [B]sw can have profound effects on B/Ca ratios beyond those predicted by simple partition coefficients. Here, we investigate the controls on B/Ca ratios in G. ruber via a combination of culture experiments and core‐top measurements, and add to a growing body of evidence that suggests B/Ca ratios in symbiont‐bearing foraminiferal carbonate are not a straightforward proxy for past seawater carbonate system conditions. We find that while B/Ca ratios in culture experiments covary with pH, in open ocean sediments this relationship is not seen. In fact, our B/Ca data correlate best with [
] (a previously undocumented association) and in most regions, salinity. These findings might suggest a precipitation rate or crystallographic control on boron incorporation into foraminiferal calcite. Regardless, our results underscore the need for caution when attempting to interpret B/Ca records in terms of the ocean carbonate system, at the very least in the case of mixed‐layer planktic foraminifera.
Tracking the Late Jurassic apparent (or true) polar shift in U‐Pb‐dated kimberlites from cratonic North America (Superior Province of Canada)
Authors: Kent Dennis V. , Kjarsgaard Bruce A. , Gee Jeffrey S. , Muttoni Giovanni , Heaman Larry M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDifferent versions of a composite apparent polar wander (APW) path of variably selected global poles assembled and averaged in North American coordinates using plate reconstructions show either a smooth progression or a large (∼30°) gap in mean paleopoles in the Late Jurassic, between about 160 and 145 Ma. In an effort to further examine this issue, we sampled accessible outcrops/subcrops of kimberlites associated with high‐precision U‐Pb perovskite ages in the Timiskaming area of Ontario, Canada. The 154.9 ± 1.1 Ma Peddie kimberlite yields a stable normal polarity magnetization that is coaxial within less than 5° of the reverse polarity magnetization of the 157.5 ± 1.2 Ma Triple B kimberlite. The combined ∼156 Ma Triple B and Peddie pole (75.5°N, 189.5°E, A95 = 2.8°) lies about midway between igneous poles from North America nearest in age (169 Ma Moat volcanics and the 146 Ma Ithaca kimberlites), showing that the polar motion was at a relatively steady yet rapid (∼1.5°/Myr) pace. A similar large rapid polar swing has been recognized in the Middle to Late Jurassic APW path for Adria‐Africa and Iran‐Eurasia, suggesting a major mass redistribution. One possibility is that slab breakoff and subduction reversal along the western margin of the Americas triggered an episode of true polar wander.