bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise Modeling of Seismic Responses from Fractured Geological Media
Authors: Golubev Vasily 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The goal of this article is the investigation of seismic responses from fractured medium through the precise simulation of dynamic processes in heterogeneous elastic media. The base of the method proposed is the direct solution of a system of elastic equations in full 3D case. For describing the geometry of rock massif parallelepided meshes are used. For taking into account the internal mathematical features of the govern system of eqations the grid-characteristic method is used. It allows us to set correct boundary conditions and to describe full set of elastic seismic waves: Rayleigh and Love surface waves and all body waves. In this work the direct modeling of the internal geometry of fractured media is used. All cracks consist of two parallel borders and contain two different saturators: nothing and fluid. In the first case the corrector for setting of day-surface (normal zero-force) condition is used and in the second one – the approach of free gliding is used. With the usage of proposed method the seismic response from a set of 31 vertical geological cracks was obtained. This cluster was placed at 2 km below the day-surface and has fractured density equals to 1 crack \ 100 m. Dynamic wave fields for successive times were obtained and synthetic multi-component seismograms were drawn. The detailed analysis of these results provided interesting facts. The main part of the seismic response from a system of geological cracks consists of complex combination of scattered P-waves and S-waves. The intensity of reflected waves is less than the intensity of propagated waves approximately by the factor of 1,8 for empty cracks and 0,2 for fluid-filled cracks. In general, seismic response from empty cracks is significantly higher than from fluid-filled cracks. The dominant component of seismic response for empty cracks is the S-wave registered on X-component, for fluid-filled cracks – P-wave registered on Z-component. After the arrival of first responces of P ans S-waves following them tail may be clearly identified connected with the crack-crack interaction.
Exploring the Diagnostic Capability of RTA Type Curves
Authors: Mishra Siddharth 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The cost intensive oil and gas industry dictates the use of techniques which maximize quality information while minimising rig time. Continuous improvement in data acquisition techniques as well as data interpretation methods has been seen in the recent past. One such modern data interpretation method is the "Rate Transient Analysis (RTA)".
Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) and Rate Transient Analysis (RTA) has been the industry practice for analysis of pressure data. PTA is mainly used for analysis of short-term conventional well test while RTA is used mainly for analysis of pressure and rate data over a long time span. RTA can also be termed as a modern Decline Curve Analysis (DCA) method. Traditional DCA deals with pseudo steady state flow regime and is an empirical / semi empirical method. However RTA deals with transient state flow and the RTA flow equations have analytical origin. RTA is known to give convincing estimates of reservoir parameters when low frequency (weekly or monthly) production data is available. However recently, considerable amount of work has been done to study the applicability of RTA on high frequency well test data.
The utility of PTA for well test interpretation is well known among reservoir engineers and it has a rich literature base. However there exists several "complex scenarios" where conventional PTA interpretation becomes non feasible. Under these scenarios RTA proves to be a promising interpretation tool.
Also a large pool of literature is available on the diagnostic capabilities and sensitivity analysis of the PTA type curves. What is not available in literature is the diagnostic power and sensitivity analysis of RTA diagnostic plots. Owing to the need of RTA as a modern data interpretation tool, this paper discusses the diagnostic capability of RTA type curves by generating synthetic models of complex reservoir systems (numerical well test modelling & simulation) and studying the sensitivity of various reservoir parameters on the RTA type curves.
A comparative study between single layer versus double layer closure in ileostomy reversal
Authors: Mittal Sushil , Singh Harnam , Singh Gurpreet , Munghate Anand , Garg Anjna , Yadav Manish 
Published: October 2014

Background: Ileal perforation peritonitis is a common surgical emergency in the Indian subcontinent and in tropical countries. Formation of an intestinal stoma is frequently a component of surgical intervention for diseases of the small bowel. The technique for stoma reversal has remained controversial is the use of either one or two layers of sutures for anastomosis.Methods: Sixty patients with ileostomy were taken for study .These patients divided in two groups A and B, 30 each. These patients were taken up for ileostomy closure in single layer (group A) (n-30) &double layer (group B) (n-30). Results: 60 Patients of ileostomy were studied, divided equally in 2 groups, A decreased intra operative time was seen in Group A when compared with Group B with no any significant comparative complication in these groups. Conclusion: Two-layer anastomosis for ileostomy closure offers no definite advantage over single layer anastomosis in terms of postoperative leak and other complications. Single layer ileostomy closure technique is safe, easy to perform and simply to taught. Considering duration of the anastomosis procedure and medical expenses single-layer intestinal anastomosis may prove the choice of procedure for most of the surgeons. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10080Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 44-47
Physician’s dilemma in treating Acinetobacter baumanii: A combination of art and science
Authors: Khadanga Sagar , Tadepalli Karuna , Thatoi Pravat Kumar , Mohanty Rina , Mohapatra Namita 
Published: October 2014

Acinetobacter are gram negative coccobacilli and ubiquitous in nature1. Quiet frequently they are recovered from inpatients who are hospitalized for prolonged illness and often multiple times. Although originally considered to be a low grade opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter species has emerged to be one of the common nosocomial pathogen. These isolates are often MDR1. It still remains a physician’s dilemma whether to treat or not such isolates, considering them pathological or commmensals. In one of our case it was isolated as a commensal and the patient did not require any antibiotic. On the hand the second case succumbed just after we started the susceptible antibiotic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10405Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 105-107
Four semesters of medical humanities at the Xavier University School of Medicine, Aruba
Authors: Shankar P. R. 
Published: October 2014

Introduction: Medical humanities is using subjects traditionally known as the humanities for specific purposes in medical education.Methods: In this report the author shares his experience of facilitating a module for four semesters at the Xavier University School of Medicine, Aruba.Results: The sessions were conducted in small groups and used case scenarios, role-plays, paintings and debates among other modalities to explore various aspects of medical humanities.Conclusion: The author has been successful in conducting medical humanities sessions in an offshore Caribbean medical school. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10455Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 124-128
Congenital malformation of lamina orbitalis ossis ethmoidalis
Authors: Chakravarthi Kosuri Kalyan , Venumadhav Nelluri , Siddaraju KS 
Published: October 2014

Background: The thinnest portion of the medial wall of the orbit is Lamina orbitalis ossis ethmoidalis which separates the ethmoidal sinuses from the orbit. Congenital bony malformation of orbit and anatomical variation of ethmoidal sinuses are important in terms of the risk of complication development during endoscopic sinus surgery and to understanding the pathophysiology and spread of sinus disease.Materials and Methods: Accordingly the present study was designed to fi nd out the congenital malformation of medial wall of the orbit in relation to lamina orbitalis ossis ethmoidalis. The study was carried out using 100 dried adult human skulls and twenty six human cadavers irrespective of sex were obtained from the Department of Anatomy - Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences-Barabanki, Department of Anatomy - Melaka Manipal Medical College - Manipal and Department of Anatomy - KMCT Medical College, Manassery - Calicut.Results: In three skulls (2.380%) we noted unilateral unusual hole at the junction of medial wall and roof of orbit with dimensions of 2.3 cm long and 1 cm height in two skulls and another unusual vertical hole at the anterior part of medial wall and roof of orbit with dimensions of 2 cm height and 1 cm width. We also noted few ethmoidal cells extended in to the orbital plate and fovea ethmoidalis of the frontal bone.Conclusion: Congenital defective formation of bony orbit and variable anatomy of paranasal sinuses noted in this study is may be due to the defective formation of Lamina orbitalis ossis ethmoidalis from the lateral part of the nasal capsule near the fronto ethmoidal suture such comprehensive knowledge is necessary to understand the various disorders of this region and to avoid complications during surgical procedures involving this area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10534Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 91-94
Epidemiology of ectopic pregnancy: A cross sectional study in a sub urban teaching hospital of West Bengal
Authors: Basu Gandhari , Roy Joyeeta , Chatterjee Chitra , Pal Manidip 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: To understand the epidemiology, prevalence of high risk factors, the mode of treatment in ectopic pregnancy (EP) cases over a largely unevaluated population. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2012 in a teaching hospital of Kalyani, West Bengal. History was taken post-operatively in all patients diagnosed with EP according to the pre designed schedule after obtaining informed verbal consent. The data was analysed using statistical formula as applicable. During this period we noted 62 cases diagnosed having ectopic pregnancy intra-operatively. The mean, standard deviation along with the p value were calculated by using SPSS 16.0 software. Results: The mean age of study population was 28.53 years, most of them were Hindus. Nearly two thirds of women were in 18 to 30 years age-group. Every four out of fi ve study subjects were from the lower or lower middle socio-economic class. Right side of the tube was affected in 59.2% patients. The occurrence of ectopic among different religion, social class, period of gestation, gravida, last child birth was signifi cant (p<0.05). Signifi cant risk factors associated with ectopic pregnancy were as follows: past history of miscarriage, use of oral contraceptive pill, pelvic and or abdominal surgery, pelvic-infl ammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, use of intrauterine contraceptive devices, OCP use at the time of the present conception. Conclusions: The results pointed an increase in number of EP cases among middle aged women, Hindus, lower socio economic class, multigravida, more than four weeks of gestation suggesting that its importance as a public health problem had not diminished in these intervening years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10625 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 25-29
Internet usage patterns among medical interns of Muzaffarnagar: A comprehensive survey analysis
Authors: Davey Sanjeev , Raghav Santosh Kumar , Davey Anuradha , Singh Nirankar , Singh J. V. 
Published: October 2014

Introduction: In MBBS completion, Internship period is often having a relatively free time after their duty hours, which is nowadays is being more diverted to spending time online on internet, consequently their usage pattern justifies the study in this area in Indian scenario.Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional survey was carried out on all MBBS medical Interns of 2009 batch attending department of Community Medicine every month(10 Interns/month-total=100) of a Private medical College-Muzaffarnagar. They were first enlisted and their permission for participation and consent in the study were sought, followed by ethical approval of higher authorities of Institution was taken from 1st July 2013 to 1st July 14. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was e-mailed to collect data from medical interns and data analysis was done using Epi-info software version 7.1.3.3. Results: The mode of assessment of Internet by Interns was primarily through Smartphone's (60%), in which Google search & Facebook were used in maximum(69% & 75%). Although difference between impact of Internet on daily and professional life of interns was highly statistically significant (X2= 16.82,d.f=1,p<0.001) but we found, there was no association between monthly amount spent on internet and number of hours spent on Internet (X2=0.74, df=1,p>0.05). 55% of interns used internet > 100 hours in a month.Conclusion: Internet is significantly impacting the daily and professional life of Interns; so they need counseling services from department of Community medicine and Psychiatry in order to regulate Internet use, which can be further clarified from more in-depth studies in future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10754Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 99-104
Variations in jugular foramen of human skull
Authors: Kumar Avanish , Ritu Dr , Akhtar Md. Jawed , Kumar Avanindra 
Published: October 2014

Background: Jugular foramen is one of the foramen at the base of skull lies between the occipital bone and the petrosal portion of the temporal bone. It allows passage of important nervous and vascular elements, such as the glossopharyngeal, vagus accessory nerves, and the internal jugular vein. Glomic tumors, schwannomas, metastatic lesions and infiltrating inflammatory processes are associated with this foramen, which can account for injuries of related structures. Variability in anatomical aspect of jugular foramen has been studied by many workers in different part of the world. Aims & Objective: To study the variability in shape and size of jugular foramen which has clear cut relationship with size of internal jugular vein and presence or absence of prominent superior bulb. The study is also aimed to confirm the description given in most of the text book of Anatomy that mostly right jugular foramen is larger than left (Figure 1). Materials and Methods: Present study has been designed to study on 68 skulls (68×2=136 foramen). Result: In the study Bilateral presence of dome has been found in 57.35% of cases whereas bilateral absence in 4.41% of cases. In 64.7% of case larger right and in 19.1% of cases larger left foramen have been observed. In remaining 16.1% of cases both left and right jugular foramen are almost equal in size. Both unilateral and bilateral complete septation have been observed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10940 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 95-98
Electroencephalographic changes during selective attention
Authors: Ghimire Nisha , Paudel Bishnu Hari , Khadka Rita , Singh Parash Nath , Das Asim 
Published: October 2014

Background: Though many studies are conducted during attention process, it is still not clear how brain deals with attention. So we conducted a study to find out the electroencephalographic changes during selective attention.Methods: Thirty healthy right handed male students aged 23.1±2.8 yrs were asked to read congruent (red printed in red ink) and incongruent (red printed in blue ink) words printed in cards. EEG was recorded for ninety seconds during baseline (eye open) and reading of both cards. EEG epoch was analyzed by fast fourier transformation. Friedman test was used to compare EEG power spectra among baseline, congruent and incongruent reading followed by Wilcoxon’s Sign Rank Test. Data were expressed as median with inter-quartile range.Results: Compared to congruent test during incongruent test there was selective increment of theta power at Fz [36.04 (28.30-46.19) vs. 47.89 (31.65-48.1)], Cz[36.13 (27.20-46.41) vs. 45.66 (37.15-49.4)] and C4 [25.11 (19.14-30.06) vs. 30.16 (21.43-33.8)] sites but it decreased at F7 [17.88 (14.49-20.93) vs. 11.31(8.96-15.975)] and F8 [19.23 (13.61-25.79) vs. 13.95 (10.40-16.67) sites. Also during incongruent card reading, alpha1 power significantly decreased in F8 [3.39(2.63-4.63) to 2.75 (1.93-4.7)] and alpha 2 power significantly decreased in P3 6.84 [(4.88-10.46) to 5.74 (4.78-19.95)] sites.Conclusion: During selective attention, theta gets synchronized at fronto-central regions and alpha2 desynchronized at parietal regions. The theta and alpha1 at inferior frontal regions were also desynchronized in selective attention. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.11122Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 52-57
Infl uence of selenium deficiency on neural tube defects
Authors: Vats Rajeev 
Published: October 2014

Objective: As for the role of selenium on human fetal development, a little data is available in literature. The purpose of this manuscript was to study the influence of selenium on neural tube defects. This study will be helpful in planning strategies for prevention of neural tube defects.Methodology: After collection of the venous blood the same was immediately centrifuged and after immediate centrifugation, the clear serum was transferred to deionized plastic vials, stored and frozen at –20º C until determination of the analysis was carried out. The selenium levels as ng/ml were determined on GBC 932 spectrophotometer by fluorometery.Results: The mean maternal blood serum and cell mass concentrations in NTD group (306.4 ± 10.95 ng/ml, 192.44 ± 6.12 ng/ml, 165.8 ± 16.99 ng/g respectively) were significantly lower than those of control mothers (363.75 ± 17.1 ng/ml, 242.34 ± 15.7 ng/ml, 260.0 ± 20.57 respectively). A significant decrease in concentration of selenium in newborns with NTD (298.4 ± 12.3 ng/ml, 96.3 ± 7.15 ng/ml, 139.8 ± 27.5 ng/g respectively) as compared with healthy babies (358.1 ± 16.11 ng/ml, 122.44 ± 6.03 ng/ml, 268.6 ± 31.37 ng/g respectively).Conclusion: Selenium deficiency in mothers during pregnancy thought to be one of the factors responsible for NTDs. However, the lowered selenium concentrations in blood, serum and cell mass can be secondary cause of an abnormal pregnancy and didn’t contribute to its production. More investigations on selenium status in mothers during antenatal period, especially in prenatal development and antenatal selenium status including normal babies and NTD babies are required.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.11151Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 62-65
Core handling and processing for the WAIS Divide ice-core project
Authors: Souney Joseph M. , Twickler Mark S. , Hargreaves Geoffrey M. , Bencivengo Brian M. , Kippenhan Matthew J. , Johnson Jay A. , Cravens Eric D. , Neff Peter D. , Nunn Richard M. , Orsi Anais J. , Popp Trevor J. , Rhoades John F. , Vaughn Bruce H. , Voigt Donald E. , Wong Gifford J. , Taylor Kendrick C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOn 1 December 2011 the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice-core project reached its final depth of 3405 m. The WAIS Divide ice core is not only the longest US ice core to date, but is also the highest-quality deep ice core, including ice from the brittle ice zone, that the US has ever recovered. The methods used at WAIS Divide to handle and log the drilled ice, the procedures used to safely retrograde the ice back to the US National Ice Core Laboratory (NICL) and the methods used to process and sample the ice at the NICL are described and discussed.
Preconditioning of the 2007 sea-ice melt in the eastern Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Hutchings Jennifer K. , Perovich Donald K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDuring summer 2007, perennial sea ice in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean, experienced an unprecedented amount of basal melt. It has previously been shown that this basal melt was linked to an increase in open-water fraction, increasing absorption of solar radiation into the ocean. GPS ice drifters, deployed around the site where the unprecedented basal melt was observed, provide a coincident observation of local divergence. This divergence is used to drive a multi-thickness category thermodynamic sea-ice model. We demonstrate that ∼ 75% of the observed open-water fraction by midsummer 2007 can be attributed to ice pack divergence during the growth season, preconditioning the ice pack for early melt in summer. Divergence during the melt season explains the remaining 25% of open water. Enhanced ice pack divergence in spring and summer 2007, in response to the increased transport of ice out of the Beaufort Sea, was sufficient to explain the melt observed in summer 2007 and the heat stored in the upper ocean at the end of summer.
Peritoneal Resting with Heparinized Lavage Reverses Peritoneal Type I Membrane Failure. A Comparative Study of the Resting Effects on Normal Membranes
Authors: De Sousa Erika , Del Peso Gloria , Alvarez Laura , Ros Silvia , Mateus Ana , Aguilar Ana , Selgas Rafael , Bajo María-Auxiliadora 
Published: October 2014

Background Ultrafiltration failure (UFF) is a serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Peritoneal rest (PR) has been demonstrated as a valid treatment to reverse the functional changes that occur in UFF. The effects of PR on a normally functioning human peritoneum are unknown but are expected to be neutral. Our hypothesis was that PR positively modifies peritoneal function in patients with UFF, in contrast to the absence of effects when PR is applied under normal conditions. Patients and Methods We studied 84 PR periods, comparing 35 patients with UFF and 49 controls (resting for abdominal surgery with temporary discontinuation of PD). We analyzed peritoneal transport pre-PR and post-PR by calculating the mass transfer coefficients of creatinine (Cr-MTAC), the dialysate/plasma creatinine ratio (D/P Cr) and the ultrafiltration (UF). Results Baseline data was similar for the 2 groups, although the UFF group had a longer median time in PD (39 [18 – 60] vs 10 [5 – 23] months; p = 0.00001). Peritoneal rest induced a decrease in D/P Cr, Cr-MTAC and an increase in UF capacity in the UFF group ( p = 0.0001, p = 0.004 and p = 0.001, respectively), without causing changes in the control group. Peritoneal rest in patients with more than 6 months of UFF was not able to reduce peritoneal solute transport or improve UF capacity. Response to PR did not differ among UFF patients with or without a previous history of peritonitis. Peritoneal rest enabled patients with UFF to continue on PD for a median time of 23 months (range, 13 – 46 months). Conclusions Peritoneal rest induces functional changes in patients with UFF but not in those with no functional abnormalities. This demonstrates that PR works only when abnormal but reversible functional conditions are present. However, the effect is highly dependent on how early PR is applied.