bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Advertising
Authors: Fallis Timothy W. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Within the field of political communication, the study of political advertising has attempted to relate its content to posited effects. Most of this inquiry has been conducted using one or some combination of three methods: survey, experiment, and content analysis. As a result, a picture of what political advertising does and why and how it does it has emerged. This chapter synthesizes findings by suggesting that differences in spending on political advertising can affect vote choice; that advertising’s effect on vote choice are mediated by factors that include party affiliation, political knowledge and involvement, and media exposure; and that such advertising has a significant effect on the political process. “Negative” advertising is a messaging structure that affects the political process for ill and for good; it can both decrease and increase voter turnout but is misunderstood when conflated with informative “attack” and “contrast” advertising.
Disagreement in Political Discussion
Authors: Nir Lilach 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Normative theory extols the virtues of disagreement to democracy, but evidence to support these suppositions is somewhat mixed. This chapter reviews the empirical literature on exposure to disagreement that occurs in ordinary political conversations among citizens. After outlining conceptual distinctions and operational definitions in the literature, the main section highlights both the agreed-upon and contested findings on the consequences of disagreement, including opinion quality, political tolerance, attitudinal ambivalence, knowledge gains, polarization, and participatory outcomes. The concluding section points to unanswered questions and proposes several directions for future research on disagreement. These include exploring factors that shape receptivity to disagreement, such as individual differences, situational cues, the content of verbal exchanges, and cross-national differences in political institutions, media systems, or cultural preference for outspokenness.
Vocational students’ perspective on organizational factors enhancing workplace learning
Authors: Metso Sari 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify organizational factors that enhance the vocational students’ development of professional skills during workplace learning and, furthermore, to examine the effects of the factors identified on the development.Design/methodology/approach– The results were based on 285 Finnish graduating vocational students’ responses. The confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were conducted by using Lisrel.Findings– The students’ development of professional skills was enhanced by three organizational factors: an innovative climate, guidance, and interactions with seniors. Furthermore, the results emphasized that other employees have a central role in enhancing the students’ professional skills development.Research limitations/implications– The study used the students’ self-appraisal of the examined factors because it seems to be a common approach. However, future research should consider managers’ and seniors’ viewpoints.Practical implications– Managers should map present and future skills requirements set by the organization and create a detailed plan for the students’ workplace learning. A practical tool to engage and support employees to enhance the students’ professional skills is to make a process with explicit descriptions of each organizational factor and the actors’ responsibilities.Originality/value– The study provides empirical evidence supporting the substantial influence of organizations on the students’ development of professional skills.
A mechanisms-driven theory of business incubation
Authors: Junaid Ahmad Ali 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– Following recommendations by scholars for further research on the business incubation process, the purpose of this paper is to build new theory on incubation using the social mechanisms approach – a well-developed body of theory on social processes.

Design/methodology/approach
– A critical review of dominant theoretical approaches in the area highlighted that researchers in the past have not studied incubation as a social “process.” In order to study a social process such as incubation, a case is made for the value of social mechanisms theory. In order to study incubation as a social mechanism, an inductive-qualitative research design based on ethnography was used. Data were collected over six months each at two Dublin-Ireland-based business incubators.

Findings
– Results highlight the significant role of a positive relational bond between the incubator manager and client entrepreneurs. Incubation is triggered in a sophisticated normative environment under the prevalence of ground rules, subtle signals and the interplay of personal histories. These contribute to the incubation mechanism's non-linearity, thereby, making the prediction of outcomes difficult.

Originality/value
– A contribution of this research comes in the form of a new conceptualization of incubation based in mechanisms reasoning. The mechanisms approach was found to be versatile and helped in extending the work of previous researchers who proposed advancements in the area based on dyadic theory, social capital theory and social network theory. Further, a new, and it is argued, more fruitful direction for incubation process-related research is also highlighted; one which takes on board the often glossed over idiosyncrasies of incubation as a social mechanism for promoting early stage entrepreneurship.
The practical implications of the unification of the real estate registration system in Korea
Authors: Han Zonghie 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to show the practical conditions of the unification of real estate register system in Korea.Design/methodology/approach– Literature research.Findings– Although some information improvements and benefits in transaction can be expected through the elimination of discordances between dualized registry/registration books, the unification process should consider some legal and institutional factors which have been stabilized in the Korean society.Research limitations/implications– The socioeconomic effect of unification of real estate register system, such as cost-benefit consideration, is not included in this study. As for methodology, the conceptional framework is not based on an established theory, but on the simple thumb rule.Practical implications– The unification of registry and registration system of real estate in Korea could be implemented in a way of mild delegation of tasks, without a radical restructuring of the system. The practical guideline could be found in the system of family registry.Originality/value– The possibility of implementation of unification of the real estate register system is analyzed in aspects of social institutions and legal considerations.
ABCD open source software for managing ETD repositories
Authors: Namdev Dhamdhere Sangeeta , De Smet Egbert , Lihitkar Ramdas 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to give technical information about the application of ABCD open source software for managing institutional repository of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) at various levels with illustrations.Design/methodology/approach– Practical method and programming in the ABCD software for building ETD repository and its managementFindings– ABCD software is an excellent tool for creating institutional repository (IR) and manages it at various levels and to create ETD portal.Practical implications– The paper describes using ABCD software how one can create database of ETDs, how to submit ETDs in full text or abstract, how to search, how to implement it in open archive environment and simplicity of making union catalogue of ETD repositories on one platform of ABCD portal.Social implications– The process of ETD management and IR building using ABCD open source software will be useful to all the new institutions, colleges, universities, national libraries, international organizations who want to initiate the process of building ETD repository.Originality/value– The development team of ABCD software is still in process of releasing 2.0 versions and to develop tool for IR and ETD management. In this paper attempt has been made to describe with illustrations that how the software is making progress towards ETD management or building IR. One of the author is main project leader of ABCD open source software.
A longitudinal assessment of early childhood education with integrated speech therapy for children with significant language impairment in Germany
Authors: Ullrich Dieter , Ullrich Katja , Marten Magret 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn Lower Saxony, Germany, pre‐school children with language‐ and speech‐deficits have the opportunity to access kindergartens with integrated language‐/speech therapy prior to attending primary school, both regular or with integrated speech therapy. It is unknown whether these early childhood education treatments are helpful and effective.AimsTo determine the value of early language‐/speech therapy treatment in combination with support of personality traits during the pre‐school and primary school period on the long‐term social and academic development of children with significant language‐/speech delay.Methods & ProceduresWe conducted prospective longitudinal case series, following the academic progress of 71 children after they had been discharged from a speech therapy kindergarten (STK) up to 19 years previously. Data collection included details on language/speech impairment, socio‐economic factors, psycho‐social skills and intelligence quotient.Results & ImplicationsAt the end of the follow‐up period, 58 children were attending secondary schools: 44 (76%) children attended a regular secondary school, whereas 14 (24%) children were enrolled in a school with special needs education. The results suggest that self‐awareness and intelligence quotient in this study cohort correlated with later academic achievements.Conclusion & ImplicationsKindergartens and primary schools which support curriculum‐integrated language‐/speech therapy and allow for different personality traits appear to improve longterm development and academic outcome of children with language‐/speech impairment or delay.
RANZCR Body Systems Framework of diagnostic imaging examination descriptors
Authors: Pitman Alexander G. , Penlington Lisa , Doromal Darren , Slater Gregory , Vukolova Natalia 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntroductionA unified and logical system of descriptors for diagnostic imaging examinations and procedures is a desirable resource for radiology in Australia and New Zealand and is needed to support core activities of RANZCR. Existing descriptor systems available in Australia and New Zealand (including the Medicare DIST and the ACC Schedule) have significant limitations and are inappropriate for broader clinical application.MethodsAn anatomically based grid was constructed, with anatomical structures arranged in rows and diagnostic imaging modalities arranged in columns (including nuclear medicine and positron emission tomography). The grid was segregated into five body systems. The cells at the intersection of an anatomical structure row and an imaging modality column were populated with short, formulaic descriptors of the applicable diagnostic imaging examinations. Clinically illogical or physically impossible combinations were ‘greyed out’. Where the same examination applied to different anatomical structures, the descriptor was kept identical for the purposes of streamlining.ResultsThe resulting Body Systems Framework of diagnostic imaging examination descriptors lists all the reasonably common diagnostic imaging examinations currently performed in Australia and New Zealand using a unified grid structure allowing navigation by both referrers and radiologists. The Framework has been placed on the RANZCR website and is available for access free of charge by registered users.ConclusionThe Body Systems Framework of diagnostic imaging examination descriptors is a system of descriptors based on relationships between anatomical structures and imaging modalities. The Framework is now available as a resource and reference point for the radiology profession and to support core College activities.
Target volume geometric change and/or deviation from the cranium during fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases: Potential pitfalls in image guidance based on bony anatomy alignment
Authors: Ohtakara Kazuhiro , Hoshi Hiroaki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntroductionThis study sought to evaluate the potential geometrical change and/or displacement of the target relative to the cranium during fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for treating newly developed brain metastases.MethodsFor 16 patients with 21 lesions treated with image‐guided frameless FSRT in 5 or 10 fractions using a 6‐degree‐of‐freedom image guidance system‐integrated platform, the unenhanced computed tomography or T2‐weighted magnetic resonance images acquired until the completion of FSRT were fused to the planning image datasets for comparison. Significant change was defined as ≥3‐mm change in the tumour diameter or displacement of the tumour centroid.ResultsFSRT was started 1 day after planning image acquisition. Tumour shrinkage, deviation and both were observed in 2, 1 and 1 of the 21 lesions, respectively, over a period of 7–13 days. Tumour shrinkage or deviation resulted in an increase or decrease in the marginal dose to the tumour, respectively, and a substantial increase in the irradiated volume for the surrounding tissue irrespective of the pattern of alteration. No obvious differences in the clinical and treatment characteristics were noted among the populations with or without significant changes in tumour volume or position.ConclusionTarget deformity and/or deviation can unexpectedly occur even during relatively short‐course FSRT, inevitably leading to a gradual discrepancy between the planned and actually delivered doses to the tumour and surrounding tissue. To appropriately weigh the treatment outcome against the planned dose distribution, target deformity and/or deviation should also be considered in addition to the immobilisation accuracy, as image guidance with bony anatomy alignment does not necessarily guarantee accurate target localisation until completion of FSRT.
A climate of uncertainty: accounting for error in climate variables for species distribution models
Authors: Stoklosa Jakub , Daly Christopher , Foster Scott D. , Ashcroft Michael B. , Warton David I. 
Published: June 2014

Summary

Spatial climate variables are routinely used in species distribution models (SDMs) without accounting for the fact that they have been predicted with uncertainty, which can lead to biased estimates, erroneous inference and poor performances when predicting to new settings – for example under climate change scenarios.

We show how information on uncertainty associated with spatial climate variables can be obtained from climate data models. We then explain different types of uncertainty (i.e. classical and Berkson error) and use two statistical methods that incorporate uncertainty in climate variables into SDMs by means of (i) hierarchical modelling and (ii) simulation–extrapolation.

We used simulation to study the consequences of failure to account for measurement error. When uncertainty in explanatory variables was not accounted for, we found that coefficient estimates were biased and the SDM had a loss of statistical power. Further, this bias led to biased predictions when projecting change in distribution under climate change scenarios. The proposed errors‐in‐variables methods were less sensitive to these issues.

We also fit the proposed models to real data (presence/absence data on the Carolina wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus), as a function of temperature variables.

The proposed framework allows for many possible extensions and improvements to SDMs. If information on the uncertainty of spatial climate variables is available to researchers, we recommend the following: (i) first identify the type of uncertainty; (ii) consider whether any spatial autocorrelation or independence assumptions are required; and (iii) attempt to incorporate the uncertainty into the SDM through established statistical methods and their extensions.
Methionine restriction restores a younger metabolic phenotype in adult mice with alterations in fibroblast growth factor 21
Authors: Lees Emma K. , Król Elżbieta , Grant Louise , Shearer Kirsty , Wyse Cathy , Moncur Eleanor , Bykowska Aleksandra S. , Mody Nimesh , Gettys Thomas W. , Delibegovic Mirela 
Published: June 2014

SummaryMethionine restriction (MR) decreases body weight and adiposity and improves glucose homeostasis in rodents. Similar to caloric restriction, MR extends lifespan, but is accompanied by increased food intake and energy expenditure. Most studies have examined MR in young animals; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the ability of MR to reverse age‐induced obesity and insulin resistance in adult animals. Male C57BL/6J mice aged 2 and 12 months old were fed MR (0.172% methionine) or control diet (0.86% methionine) for 8 weeks or 48 h. Food intake and whole‐body physiology were assessed and serum/tissues analyzed biochemically. Methionine restriction in 12‐month‐old mice completely reversed age‐induced alterations in body weight, adiposity, physical activity, and glucose tolerance to the levels measured in healthy 2‐month‐old control‐fed mice. This was despite a significant increase in food intake in 12‐month‐old MR‐fed mice. Methionine restriction decreased hepatic lipogenic gene expression and caused a remodeling of lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue, alongside increased insulin‐induced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) and Akt in peripheral tissues. Mice restricted of methionine exhibited increased circulating and hepatic gene expression levels of FGF21, phosphorylation of eIF2a, and expression of ATF4, with a concomitant decrease in IRE1α phosphorylation. Short‐term 48‐h MR treatment increased hepatic FGF21 expression/secretion and insulin signaling and improved whole‐body glucose homeostasis without affecting body weight. Our findings suggest that MR feeding can reverse the negative effects of aging on body mass, adiposity, and insulin resistance through an FGF21 mechanism. These findings implicate MR dietary intervention as a viable therapy for age‐induced metabolic syndrome in adult humans.
Medical models of teleoncology: Current status and future directions
Authors: Sabesan Sabe 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTeleoncology has been adopted by many centers to provide cancer care closer to home for rural, remote, Indigenous and other disadvantaged people of our communities. A variety of medical models of teleoncology exist to provide various medical oncology services. While most centers use teleoncology to complement their face‐to‐face outreach services, some centers have replaced face‐to‐face with teleoncology models. Selection of patients and scheduling of clinics would depend on various factors including experience of the clinicians, complexity of treatment provided, capabilities and workforce of rural sites, and patient preferences. Many small studies reported high satisfaction rates of these models among patients and health professionals including Indigenous populations. One single center study reports that it is safe to supervise chemotherapy delivery remotely and many studies report cost savings to the health systems. Further studies on safety aspects of teleoncology are needed to further improve the current models. Future teleoncology models would need to include Web‐based models, mobile technologies and remote chemotherapy supervision models so that patients from most rural towns could have at least some of their cancer care closer to home.
Impaired structural and functional regeneration of skeletal muscles fromβ2‐adrenoceptor knockout mice
Authors: Silva M. T. , Wensing L. A. , Brum P. C. , Câmara N. O. , Miyabara E. H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimsβ2‐adrenergic stimulation causes beneficial effects on structure and function of regenerating muscles; thus, theβ2‐adrenoceptor may play an important role in the muscle regenerative process. Here, we investigated the role of theβ2‐adrenoceptor in skeletal muscle regeneration.MethodsTibialis anterior (TA) muscles fromβ2‐adrenoceptor knockout (β2KO) mice were cryolesioned and analysed after 1, 3, 10 and 21 days. The role ofβ2‐adrenoceptor on regenerating muscles was assessed through the analysis of morphological and contractile aspects, M1 and M2 macrophage profile, cAMPcontent, and activation ofTGF‐βsignalling elements.ResultsRegenerating muscles fromβ2KO mice showed decreased calibre of regenerating myofibres and reduced muscle contractile function at 10 days when compared with those from wild type. The increase in cAMPcontent in muscles at 10 days post‐cryolesion was attenuated in the absence of theβ2‐adrenoceptor. Furthermore, there was an increase in inflammation and in the number of macrophages in regenerating muscles lacking theβ2‐adrenoceptor at 3 and 10 days, a predominance of M1 macrophage phenotype, a decrease in TβR‐I/Smad2/3 activation, and in the Smad4 expression at 3 days, while akirin1 expression increased at 10 days in muscles fromβ2KO mice when compared to those from wild type.ConclusionsOur results suggest that theβ2‐adrenoceptor contributes to the regulation of the initial phases of muscle regeneration, especially in the control of macrophage recruitment in regenerating muscle through activation of TβR‐I/Smad2/3 and reduction in akirin1 expression. These findings have implications for the future development of better therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat muscle injuries.
Wilson, Eydie (2013) Serious comixISTE (Washington & Eurospan, London) isbn 978‐1‐56484‐321‐0 96 pp £27.50 https://www.iste.org/store/product?ID=2444%E2%80%8E
Authors: Deeson Eric 
Published: June 2014

SummaryEydie Wilson's book pleads that struggling secondary learners be encouraged to design on‐screen storyboards as a means of planning various kinds of work. The book is short and—especially at this high price—would benefit from being much better illustrated than it is: in particular, it needs sample learners' work and other forms of case study material. Though clearly written and developed, Serious comix therefore remains dry and shows few signs of the author's passion for its subject. Yet the concept is appealing and has potential: if you think it could have some impact on your work, borrow a copy and see what appeals to you.Eric Deeson