bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Asam Jawa (Tamarindus Indica L.) dengan Menggunaan Metode DPPH
Authors: Andry Muhammad , Faisal Hendri 
Published: July 2024

Latar belakang :Antioksidan merupakan suatu senyawa pemberi elektron (reduktor) yang dapat menetralkan radikal bebas dengan cara mengorbankan dirinya teroksidasi menstabilkan atom atau molekul radikal bebas.Krim anti-aging atau anti penuaan adalah kosmetik yang memiliki bioaktivitas yang mampu mencegah atau memperbaiki tanda-tanda penuaan.Daun asam jawa(Tamarindus indica L.) memiliki banyak kandungan, yaitu lemak, protein, serat, asam tatrat, juga metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, tannin, saponin, dan flavonoid. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui formulasi dan uji aktivitas antioksidan sediaan krim ekstrak etanol daunasamjawa (Tamarindus indica L.) dengan menggunakan metode DPPH. Metode penelitian secara eksperimental. Prosedur penelitian meliputi pembuatan simplisia, pembuatan ekstrak, formulasi sediaan krim, pembuatan sediaan krim, pemeriksaan sediaan krim dan uji aktivitas antioksidan krim.Hasil penelitian dari ke empat formula sedian krim dengan konsentrasi F0 (blanko), FI (1%), FII (2%), dan FIII (3%) berdasarkan uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH didapat serapan maksimum pada panjang gelombang 516 nm, terdapat penurunan absorbansi menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan perendaman radikal bebas DPPH, hasil analisis IC50terendah dari sampel yang diuji adalah krim FIII dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 3% memiliki nilai IC50 162,21(µg/ml), FII memiliki nilai IC50 163,35 (µg/ml), FI memiliki nilai IC50 165,21(µg/ml) dan F0 memiliki nilai IC50 243,36 (µg/ml). Dapat disimpulkan krim dengan penambahan ekstrak daun asam jawa memiliki rentang 150 (µg/ml) yang berarti memiliki antioksidan lemah. Kesimpulan ekstrak etanol asam jawa dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan krim sebagai antioksidan, sediaan krim memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, dan nilai IC50 memiliki antioksidan lemah (IC50 – 151-200 ppm)
Hubungan Motivasi dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan Diet Pasien Hipertensi di Poli Klinik Rumah Sakit Umum Mitra Medika
Authors: Mulidan Mulidan , Syaftriani Afina 
Published: July 2024

Hipertensi adalah keadaan ketika tekanan darah di pembuluh darah meningkat secara kronis. Hal ini terjadi karena jantung bekerja lebih keras memompa darah untuk memenuhui kebutuhan oksigen dan nutrisi tubuh. Penyakit ini dapat menggangu fungsi organ-organ lain, terutama organ-organ vital seperti jantung dan ginjal. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi karakteristik demografi responden berdasarkan usia, jenis, kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, motivasi dan dukungan keluarga pada pasien hipertensi. Metode Desain penelitian merupakan survey analitik. Populasi penelitin 176 orang dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan tehnik Total Sampling yaitu tehnik pengambilan sempel dimana jumlah hasil dari populasi di tetapkan menjadi sampel berjumlah sebanyak 43 orang, cara pengambilan sampel random sampling Analisi data digunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian pasien Hipertensi berdasarkan jenis kelamin perempuan mayoritas 34 r (54,0%), pendidikan SD mayoritas 30 (47,6%), usia 75-90 tahun mayoritas 29 (46,0%). Dan kategori pekerjaan buruh mayoritas 25 (39,7%).. memiliki motivasi baik 38 (60,3%), dan motivasi cukup 25 (39,7%) Dari 43 memiliki dukungan keluarga mendukung 33 (52,4%), dan keluarga tidak mendukung 30 (47,8%). hasil stastik pada bagian pearson chi-square terlihat nilai a simp.Sig sebesar 0,008. Karena nilai þ value (0,008) α (0,05), disimpulkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara motivasi dengan Kepatuhan diet Pasien Hipertensi dan nilai a simp. Sig sebesar 0,009. Karena nilai þ value (0,009) α (0,05. kesimpulan penelitian Ada Hubungan Motivasi Dan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan Diet Pasien Hipertensi Di Poli Klinik Rumah Sakit Umum Mitra Medika.
Etiological, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of sexually transmitted infections and M. genitalium resistance in Shenzhen: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhang Chi , Xiu Leshan , Li Yamei , Zeng Yaling , Li Yizhun , Cai Yumao , Peng Junping 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThis study aims to determine the etiological, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics of STIs, and the level of resistance in M. genitalium in Shenzhen, a representative first-tier city of southern China.MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted and 7886 sexually active participants attending STI-related departments were involved from 22 hospitals. Nine STI-related organisms including N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, M. genitalium, HSV-1, HSV-2, M. hominis, U. parvum, and U. urealyticum were screened.ResultsBeing single or divorced was associated with increased detection of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, HSV-1, HSV-2 and M. hominis. Lower education level was associated with increased detection of C. trachomatis, HSV-2 and M. hominis. No insurance coverage was an independent risk factor for T. vaginalis, M. hominis and U. parvum positivity. Three resistance-determining regions related to macrolide and fluoroquinolone were sequenced in 154 M. genitalium positive samples, among which 90.3% harbored mutations related to macrolide or fluroquinolone resistance and 67.5% were multidrug-resistant M. genitalium. A2072G in 23S rRNA and Ser83Ile in parC were the most common mutations. M. hominis was associated with manifestations of bacterial vaginosis in female and epididymitis in male.ConclusionsSingle or divorced individuals, those with lower education level and individuals without insurance are higher-risk key populations for STIs. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant M. genitalium in Shenzhen is high. Detection of M. hominis increased significantly with lower education level and no health insurance coverage, and it is associated with bacterial vaginosis or epididymitis, indicating that M. hominis deserves further attention.
Serum metabolites and hypercholesterolemia: insights from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Weitao , Qiao Jingwen , Su Zhaoyin , Wei Hui , Wu Jincan , Liu Yatao , Lin Rubing , Michael Nerich 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundHypercholesterolemia, a critical contributor to cardiovascular disease, is not fully understood in terms of its relationship with serum metabolites and their role in disease pathogenesis.MethodsThis study leveraged GWAS data to explore the relationship between serum metabolites and hypercholesterolemia, pinpointing significant metabolites via Mendelian Randomization (MR) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Data on metabolites were sourced from a European population, with analysis focusing on individuals diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia.ResultsOut of 486 metabolites analyzed, ten showed significant associations with hypercholesterolemia, categorized into those enhancing risk and those with protective effects. Specifically, 2-methoxyacetaminophen sulfate and 1-oleoylglycerol (1-monoolein) were identified as risk-enhancing, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.545 (95% CI: 1.230–1.939; P_FDR = 3E−04) and 1.462 (95% CI: 1.036–2.063; P_FDR = 0.037), respectively. On the protective side, 3-(cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen, hydroquinone sulfate, and 2-hydroxyacetaminophen sulfate demonstrated ORs of 0.793 (95% CI: 0.735–0.856; P_FDR = 6.18E−09), 0.641 (95% CI: 0.423–0.971; P_FDR = 0.042), and 0.607 (95% CI: 0.541–0.681; P_FDR = 5.39E−17), respectively. In addition, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis further revealed eight critical pathways, comprising “biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine”, “phenylalanine metabolism”, and “pyruvate metabolism”, emphasizing their significant role in the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia.ConclusionThis study underscores the potential causal links between particular serum metabolites and hypercholesterolemia, offering innovative viewpoints on the metabolic basis of the disease. The identified metabolites and pathways offer promising targets for therapeutic intervention and warrant further investigation.
Causal relationship between body mass index and anal fistula: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Bo , Liu Yicheng , Wang Yueting , Wang Qingming 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundSignificant evidence has been documented regarding the intricate connection between the development of anal fistula (AF) and the composition of Body Mass Index (BMI). Nevertheless, due to the inherent limitations of reverse causality and confounders inherent in observational studies, this relationship remains unclarified. Our study aims to reveal the causal impact between BMI and AF, as well as identify its associated risk factors, thereby providing a more comprehensive understanding of this complex interaction.MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS) databases were used as instrumental variables for analysis. BMI served as the exposure variable, with six pooled GWAS datasets included. AF was the outcome variable. The Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analytical technique, with MR-Egger regression, Weighted Median (WME) estimation, and Multiplicity Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) tests serving as secondary validations of the IVW results. Odds ratios (OR) were utilized as indicators to evaluate the causal relationship between BMI and AF.ResultsA total of 738 SNPs strongly associated with the exposure were identified as instrumental variables. The IVW results demonstrated a positive correlation between BMI and the risk of AF. The MR-Egger analysis yielded p-values greater than 0.05, indicating no pleiotropic effects among the selected SNPs. Cochran’s Q test also resulted in p-values greater than 0.05, suggesting no significant heterogeneity among the instrumental variables. The MR-PRESSO analysis revealed no horizontal pleiotropy or outliers potentially violating the causal assumption (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionHigh BMI is positively associated with the risk of AF, and correcting BMI levels may have a preventive effect on the incidence of AF.
Association between pain threshold and manifested pain assessed using a PD-specific pain scale in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Stoyanova-Piroth Galina , Milanov Ivan , Stambolieva Katerina 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe neurodegenerative process in Parkinson's disease (PD) affects both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic structures, which determine the wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS), including different types of pain. Diverse mechanisms contribute to pain in PD. Abnormal nociceptive processing is considered a distinctive feature of the disease.ObjectiveIn the present study, we used a validated PD-specific pain assessment tool to investigate self-reported pain in PD patients and to analyze the association with the objective pain threshold.MethodsThe RIII component of the nociceptive flexor reflex was assessed in 35 patients with PD and was compared to 40 healthy controls. Self-reported pain was measured using the Bulgarian version of the King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale (KPPS-BG). A correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the objective nociceptive threshold and PD pain as assessed by KPPS-BG.ResultsPD patients had a significantly lower RIII threshold than control individuals (the mean SD value was 6.24 ± 1.39 vs. 10.33 ± 1.64) when assessed in the “off” state. A statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) fairly negative Spearman's correlation was observed between the decreased spinal nociceptive threshold and fluctuation-related pain (−0.31). Domain 4, “nocturnal pain” (−0.21), and the KPPS-BG total score (−0.21) showed a weak negative correlation. An insignificant positive correlation was found between domain 6—“discoloration, edema/swelling”—and the RIII threshold. A higher Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III score and modified Hoehn and Yahr (H&amp;Y) scale are associated with a decreased nociceptive flexor reflex threshold.ConclusionThe results of the present study demonstrate the important role of increased spinal nociception in the occurrence of pain, which is associated with fluctuations and, to a lesser extent, nocturnal pain.
Automated identification of thrombectomy amenable vessel occlusion on computed tomography angiography using deep learning
Authors: Han Jung Hoon , Ha Sue Young , Lee Hoyeon , Park Gi-Hun , Hong Hotak , Kim Dongmin , Kim Jae Guk , Kim Joon-Tae , Sunwoo Leonard , Kim Chi Kyung , Ryu Wi-Sun 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionWe developed and externally validated a fully automated algorithm using deep learning to detect large vessel occlusion (LVO) in computed tomography angiography (CTA).MethodA total of 2,045 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent CTA were included in the development of our model. We validated the algorithm using two separate external datasets: one with 64 patients (external 1) and another with 313 patients (external 2), with ischemic stroke. In the context of current clinical practice, thrombectomy amenable vessel occlusion (TAVO) was defined as an occlusion in the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA), or in the M1 or M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). We employed the U-Net for vessel segmentation on the maximum intensity projection images, followed by the application of the EfficientNetV2 to predict TAVO. The algorithm’s diagnostic performance was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).ResultsThe mean age in the training and validation dataset was 68.7 ± 12.6; 56.3% of participants were men, and 18.0% had TAVO. The algorithm achieved AUC of 0.950 (95% CI, 0.915–0.971) in the internal test. For the external datasets 1 and 2, the AUCs were 0.970 (0.897–0.997) and 0.971 (0.924–0.990), respectively. With a fixed sensitivity of 0.900, the specificities and PPVs for the internal test, external test 1, and external test 2 were 0.891, 0.796, and 0.930, and 0.665, 0.583, and 0.667, respectively. The algorithm demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 0.95 in both internal and external datasets, specifically for cases involving intracranial ICA or M1-MCA occlusion. However, the diagnostic performance was somewhat reduced for isolated M2-MCA occlusion; the AUC for the internal and combined external datasets were 0.903 (0.812–0.944) and 0.916 (0.816–0.963), respectively.ConclusionWe developed and externally validated a fully automated algorithm that identifies TAVO. Further research is needed to evaluate its effectiveness in real-world clinical settings. This validated algorithm has the potential to assist early-career physicians, thereby streamlining the treatment process for patients who can benefit from endovascular treatment.
On the Problem of Ensuring Cognitive Security
Authors: Миронова Н.Г. 
Published: July 2024

Россия вовлечена в информационные связи глобальной коммуникационной среды, являясь объектом пристального внимания спецслужб других стран, объектом и участником информационного противодействия, экономической конкуренции. Риски, обусловленные указанными угрозами, можно отнести к когнитивным. В статье анализируются когнитивная сфера общества как предмет информационной, в частности, когнитивной безопасности, методы когнитивной войны и когнитивные угрозы; обозначен круг проблемы когнитивной безопасности, предложены направления реализации мер когнитивной безопасности.
Russia is involved in the information links of the global communication environment, being the object of close attention of the special services of countries, the object and participant of information countermeasures, economic competition. The risks associated with these threats can be classified as cognitive. The article analyzes the cognitive sphere of society as a subject of information, in particular, cognitive security, methods of cognitive warfare and cognitive threats; the circle of the problem of cognitive safety is outlined, directions of implementation of measures of cognitive safety are proposed.
Modern Practices for Assessing the Digitalization of Government Bodies and Social Sectors
Authors: Сабирова З.Э. 
Published: July 2024

В статье проанализированы современные практики оценки цифровизации ор­ганов власти и социальной сферы, отражающие уровень использования ин­формационно-коммуникационных технологий и цифровых сервисов в рамках перехода к информационному обществу. Рассмотрены различные подходы к формированию статистических и оценочных показателей цифровизации орга­нов власти и социальной сферы в российской и зарубежной практике. Начатая в стране цифровая трансформация социальной сферы требует разработки адекватной системы оценочных показателей, анализа и обобщения результа­тивности такой деятельности.
The article analyzes the current practices of assessing the digitalization of govern­ment bodies and the social sphere, reflecting the level of use of infor­mation and communication technologies and digital services in the framework of the transition to an information society. Various approaches to the formation of statisti­cal and esti­mated indicators of digitalization of government bodies and the social sphere in Rus­sian and foreign practice are considered. The digital transformation of the social sphere in the country requires the development of an adequate system of assessment indicators, analysis and generalization of the effectiveness of such activities.
ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN REGIONS BASED ON AN AGGREGATED INDEX
Authors: ВОЛКОВА Н.Н. , РОМАНЮК Э.И. 
Published: July 2024

Данная статья посвящена исследованию динамики научно-технологического развития регионов Российской Федерации с использованием ранее предложенного регионального рейтинга НТР. Исследование проведено на основе регулярной статистики Росстата, а также открытых данных, публикуемых Минобрнауки Российской Федерации за период с 2019 по 2021 год. В результате исследования была констатирована резкая дифференциация индекса научно-технологического развития между Москвой и другими регионами, однако разрыв между максимальным и минимальным значениями индекса сокращается за счет его роста в отстающих регионах. Индекс научно-технического развития России в целом в исследуемый период имел слабую тенденцию к росту. Переход к дистанционным формам работы оказал влияние на региональный рейтинг НТР, хотя значение этого подиндекса, описывающего уровень использования бизнесом ИТ технологий, пока не очень велико, и его стимулирование могло бы способствовать научно-технологическому развитию.This article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of scientific and technological development of regions of the Russian Federation using the previously proposed regional ranking of scientific and technological development. The study was conducted on the basis of regular statistics Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, as well as open data published by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for the period from 2019 to 2021. As a result of the study, a sharp differentiation in the index of scientific and technological development between Moscow and other regions was stated, however, the gap between the maximum and minimum values of the index is decreasing due to its growth in lagging regions. The index of scientific and technological development in Russia as a whole in the period under study had a weak upward trend. The transition to remote forms of work has had an impact on regional ranking of scientific and technological development, although the value of this sub-index, which describes the level of business use of IT technologies, is not yet very high, and its stimulation could contribute to scientific and technological development.
MODERN MODELS OF LOGISTICS OPTIMIZATION IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: ЛАГОДА Н.А. 
Published: July 2024

В статье проводится сравнительный анализ современных моделей оптимизации логистики в фармацевтической отрасли. Приводится характеристика значения и современного состояния фармацевтической отрасли. Подчеркивается, что именно логистика рассматривается в качестве главной причины роста себестоимости производства лекарственных препаратов в период геополитической нестабильности. Характеризуются современные подходы к оптимизации издержек в фармацевтике. Составляется сравнительная характеристика существующих моделей оптимизации логистики и приводятся некоторые сценарии прикладного применения представленных моделей.
The article provides a comparative analysis of modern logistics optimization models in the pharmaceutical industry. The significance and current state of the pharmaceutical industry is characterized. It is emphasized that logistics is considered as the main reason for the increase in the cost of production of medicines during a period of geopolitical instability. Modern approaches to cost optimization in pharmaceuticals are characterized. A comparative description of existing logistics optimization models is compiled and some scenarios for the application of the presented models are given.
Building Interdisciplinary Skills and Mentorship Opportunities in a 2-Week Research Experience
Authors: Chan Yee-Hung Mark , Phillips Michelle , Nielsen Katherine , Chu Diana S. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
A framework for a 2-wk summer research course is presented, with a mindset of discovery and self-advocacy that is interdisciplinary and inclusive. The foundations of the course are built upon 2 pillars: (a) a well-defined educational plan focused on cellular engineering, with a goal to instill an engineering mindset into the cell biology field; and (b) a tailored Dimensions of Mentoring policy, which uses a structured feedback system to define and strengthen mentor attributes and provide multiple opportunities for mentorship and mentorship training. Undergraduate and master’s student participants work with PhD students or postdoctoral/professor team leaders in small teams in discovery-based research projects. Multiple teams work in parallel during the 2-wk period and convene in course-wide meetings to share findings and give feedback. Working in small teams with multiple levels of peer and team lead mentoring, students experience advancement in research and technical skills. Participants also experience gains in their understanding of the overarching educational goals in cellular engineering and science communication skills through course-wide activities. The principles from the Dimensions of Mentoring were also effective, with mentors at different levels building strong inclusive teams, coaching practical skills, and promoting individual advocacy. Meeting basic needs, providing relatable role models, and prioritizing enjoyable team-building activities were found to be critical factors in providing inclusive and productive environments. Overall, participants report high satisfaction with a discovery-based interdisciplinary research experience because of a supported environment. This creation of a strong community benefits individual career development and contributes to sustainable research productivity.