bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and significance of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in human epidermal tumors
Authors: Weng Hui , Deng Yunhua , Xie Yuyan , Liu Hongbo , Gong Feili 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundHigh mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA binding protein located in nucleus. It is released into extracellular fluid where it acts as a novel proinflammatory cytokine which interacts with Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) to activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). This sequence of events is involved in tumor growth and progression. However, the effects of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB on epidermal tumors remain unclear.MethodsHuman epidermal tumor specimens were obtained from 96 patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in human epidermal tumor and normal skin specimens. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of NF-κB p65 in epithelial cell nuclei in human epidermal tumor and normal tissues.ResultsImmunohistochemistry and western blot analysis indicated a progressive but statistically significant increase in p65 expression in epithelial nuclei in benign seborrheic keratosis (SK), precancerous lesions (PCL), low malignancy basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and high malignancy squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (P <0.01). The level of extracellular HMGB1 in SK was significantly higher than in normal skin (NS) (P <0.01), and was higher than in SCC but without statistical significance. The level of TLR4 on epithelial membranes of SCC cells was significantly higher than in SK, PCL, BCC and NS (P <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between p65 expression in the epithelial nuclei and TLR4 expression on the epithelial cell membranes (r = 0.3212, P <0.01).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that inflammation is intensified in parallel with increasing malignancy. They also indicate that the TLR4 signaling pathway, rather than HMGB1, may be the principal mediator of inflammation in high-grade malignant epidermal tumors. Combined detection of p65 in the epithelial nuclei and TLR4 on the epithelial membranes may assist the accurate diagnosis of malignant epidermal tumors.
Directed evolution of a cellobiose utilization pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by simultaneously engineering multiple proteins
Authors: Eriksen Dawn T , Hsieh Pei Chiun Helen , Lynn Patrick , Zhao Huimin 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The optimization of metabolic pathways is critical for efficient and economical production of biofuels and specialty chemicals. One such significant pathway is the cellobiose utilization pathway, identified as a promising route in biomass utilization. Here we describe the optimization of cellobiose consumption and ethanol productivity by simultaneously engineering both proteins of the pathway, the β-glucosidase (gh1-1) and the cellodextrin transporter (cdt-1), in an example of pathway engineering through directed evolution.

Results
The improved pathway was assessed based on the strain specific growth rate on cellobiose, with the final mutant exhibiting a 47% increase over the wild-type pathway. Metabolite analysis of the engineered pathway identified a 49% increase in cellobiose consumption (1.78 to 2.65 g cellobiose/(L · h)) and a 64% increase in ethanol productivity (0.611 to 1.00 g ethanol/(L · h)).

Conclusions
By simultaneously engineering multiple proteins in the pathway, cellobiose utilization in S. cerevisiae was improved. This optimization can be generally applied to other metabolic pathways, provided a selection/screening method is available for the desired phenotype. The improved in vivo cellobiose utilization demonstrated here could help to decrease the in vitro enzyme load in biomass pretreatment, ultimately contributing to a reduction in the high cost of biofuel production.
Signaling pathway switch in breast cancer
Authors: Guille Arnaud , Chaffanet Max , Birnbaum Daniel 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Next generation sequencing studies have drawn the general landscape of breast cancers and identified hundreds of new, actual therapeutic targets. Two major signaling pathways seem to be altered in a vast proportion of breast cancers. The PI3 kinase/AKT pathway is activated and the JUN/MAPK pathway is repressed. Via the regulation of the cell cycle this metabolic switch impacts on the balance between self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation of the tumor-initiating cells
CARbon DIoxide for the treatment of Febrile seizures: rationale, feasibility, and design of the CARDIF-study
Authors: Ohlraun Stephanie , Wollersheim Tobias , Weiß Claudia , Martus Peter , Weber-Carstens Steffen , Schmitz Dietmar , Schuelke Markus 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
2-8% of all children aged between 6 months and 5 years have febrile seizures. Often these seizures cease spontaneously, however depending on different national guidelines, 20-40% of the patients would need therapeutic intervention. For seizures longer than 3-5 minutes application of rectal diazepam, buccal midazolam or sublingual lorazepam is recommended. Benzodiazepines may be ineffective in some patients or cause prolonged sedation and fatigue. Preclinical investigations in a rat model provided evidence that febrile seizures may be triggered by respiratory alkalosis, which was subsequently confirmed by a retrospective clinical observation. Further, individual therapeutic interventions demonstrated that a pCO2-elevation via re-breathing or inhalation of 5% CO2 instantly stopped the febrile seizures. Here, we present the protocol for an interventional clinical trial to test the hypothesis that the application of 5% CO2 is effective and safe to suppress febrile seizures in children.

Methods
The CARDIF (CAR bon DI oxide against F ebrile seizures) trial is a monocentric, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. A total of 288 patients with a life history of at least one febrile seizure will be randomized to receive either carbogen (5% CO2 plus 95% O2) or placebo (100% O2). As recurrences of febrile seizures mainly occur at home, the study medication will be administered by the parents through a low-pressure can fitted with a respiratory mask. The primary outcome measure is the efficacy of carbogen to interrupt febrile seizures. As secondary outcome parameters we assess safety, practicability to use the can, quality of life, contentedness, anxiousness and mobility of the parents.

Prospect
The CARDIF trial has the potential to develop a new therapy for the suppression of febrile seizures by redressing the normal physiological state. This would offer an alternative to the currently suggested treatment with benzodiazepines. This study is an example of academic translational research from the study of animal physiology to a new therapy.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01370044
Remarks on the fixed point problem of 2-metric spaces
Authors: Dung Nguyen Van , Hieu Nguyen Trung , Ly Nguyen Thia Thanh , Thinh Vo Duc 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we prove a fixed point theorem on a 2-metric space and show that the main results in Lahiri et al. (Taiwan. J. Math. 15:337-352, 2011) and Singh et al. (J. Adv. Math. Stud. 5:71-76, 2012) may be obtained easily from the axioms of a 2-metric space. Examples are given to validate the results.
Suicide in Hungary-epidemiological and clinical perspectives
Authors: Rihmer Zoltan , Gonda Xenia , Kapitany Balazs , Dome Peter 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAnnual suicide rates of Hungary were unexpectedly high in the previous century. In our narrative review, we try to depict, with presentation of the raw data, the main descriptive epidemiological features of the Hungarian suicide scene of the past decades. Accordingly, we present the annual suicide rates of the period mentioned and also data on how they varied by gender, age, urban vs. rural living, seasons, marital status, etc. Furthermore, the overview of trends of other factors that may have influenced suicidal behavior (e.g., alcohol and tobacco consumption, antidepressant prescription, unemployment rate) in the past decades is appended as well. Based on raw data and also on results of the relevant papers of Hungarian suicidology we tried to explain the observable trends of the Hungarian suicide rate. Eventually, we discuss the results, the possibilities, and the future tasks of suicide prevention in Hungary.
The role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in the development and BCR/TLR-dependent activation of AM14 rheumatoid factor B cells
Authors: Nündel Kerstin , Busto Patricia , Debatis Michelle , Marshak-Rothstein Ann 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe protein kinase Btk has been implicated in the development, differentiation, and activation of B cells through its role in the BCR and TLR signaling cascades. These receptors and in particular, the BCR and either TLR7 or TLR9 also play a critical role in the activation of autoreactive B cells by RNA- or DNA-associated autoantigens. To explore the role of Btk in the development of autoreactive B cells, as well as their responses to nucleic acid-associated autoantigens, we have now compared Btk-sufficient and Btk-deficient mice that express a prototypic RF BCR encoded by H- and L-chain sdTgs. These B cells bind autologous IgG2a with low affinity and only proliferate in response to IgG2a ICs that incorporate DNA or RNA. We found that Btk-sufficient RF+ B cells mature into naïve FO B cells, all of which express the Tg BCR, despite circulating levels of IgG2a. By contrast, a significant proportion of Btk-deficient RF+ B cells acquires a MZ or MZ precursor phenotype. Remarkably, despite the complete inability of RF+ Xid/y B cells to respond to F(ab′)2 anti-IgM, RF+ Xid/y B cells could respond well to autoantigen-associated ICs. These data reveal unique features of the signaling cascades responsible for the activation of autoreactive B cells.
Use of a strontium-enriched calcium phosphate cement in accelerating the healing of soft-tissue tendon graft within the bone tunnel in a rabbit model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Kuang G. M. , Yau W. P. , Lu W. W. , Chiu K. Y. 
Published: June 2013

We investigated whether strontium-enriched calcium phosphate cement (Sr-CPC)-treated soft-tissue tendon graft results in accelerated healing within the bone tunnel in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). A total of 30 single-bundle ACL reconstructions using tendo Achillis allograft were performed in 15 rabbits. The graft on the tested limb was treated with Sr-CPC, whereas that on the contralateral limb was untreated and served as a control. At timepoints three, six, nine, 12 and 24 weeks after surgery, three animals were killed for histological examination. At six weeks, the graft–bone interface in the control group was filled in with fibrovascular tissue. However, the gap in the Sr-CPC group had already been completely filled in with new bone, and there was evidence of the early formation of Sharpey fibres. At 24 weeks, remodelling into a normal ACL–bone-like insertion was found in the Sr-CPC group. Coating of Sr-CPC on soft tissue tendon allograft leads to accelerated graft healing within the bone tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction using Achilles tendon allograft. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:923–8.
The relevance of the radiological signs of acetabular retroversion among patients with femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Diaz-Ledezma C. , Novack T. , Marin-Peña O. , Parvizi J. 
Published: June 2013

Orthopaedic surgeons have accepted various radiological signs to be representative of acetabular retroversion, which is the main characteristic of focal over-coverage in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Using a validated method for radiological analysis, we assessed the relevance of these signs to predict intra-articular lesions in 93 patients undergoing surgery for FAI. A logistic regression model to predict chondral damage showed that an acetabular retroversion index (ARI) > 20%, a derivative of the well-known cross-over sign, was an independent predictor (p = 0.036). However, ARI was less significant than the Tönnis classification (p = 0.019) and age (p = 0.031) in the same model. ARI was unable to discriminate between grades of chondral lesions, while the type of cam lesion (p = 0.004) and age (p = 0.047) were able to. Other widely recognised signs of acetabular retroversion, such as the ischial spine sign, the posterior wall sign or the cross-over sign were irrelevant according to our analysis. Regardless of its secondary predictive role, an ARI > 20% appears to be the most clinically relevant radiological sign of acetabular retroversion in symptomatic patients with FAI. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:893–9.
Clinical predictors of surgical outcome in cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Pumberger M. , Froemel D. , Aichmair A. , Hughes A. P. , Sama A. A. , Cammisa F. P. , Girardi F. P. 
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical predictors of surgical outcome in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). We reviewed a consecutive series of 248 patients (71 women and 177 men) with CSM who had undergone surgery at our institution between January 2000 and October 2010. Their mean age was 59.0 years (16 to 86). Medical records, office notes, and operative reports were reviewed for data collection. Special attention was focused on pre-operative duration and severity as well as post-operative persistence of myelopathic symptoms. Disease severity was graded according to the Nurick classification. Our multivariate logistic regression model indicated that Nurick grade 2 CSM patients have the highest chance of complete symptom resolution (p < 0.001) and improvement to normal gait (p = 0.004) following surgery. Patients who did not improve after surgery had longer duration of myelopathic symptoms than those who did improve post-operatively (17.85 months (1 to 101) vs 11.21 months (1 to 69); p = 0.002). More advanced Nurick grades were not associated with a longer duration of symptoms (p = 0.906). Our data suggest that patients with Nurick grade 2 CSM are most likely to improve from surgery. The duration of myelopathic symptoms does not have an association with disease severity but is an independent prognostic indicator of surgical outcome. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:966–71.
Towards a praxis-based media research
Authors: Barkho Leon , Saleh Ibrahim 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This article lays down the conceptual and methodological underpinnings the Journal of Applied Journalism and Media Studies seeks to advance. It positions the journal and its keyword ‘applied’ within the main schools of thought and philosophical deliberations that have characterized research in mainstream social science. It traces the term and its development as it first emerged in the treaties of ancient Greek philosophers down to modern thinkers such as Emanuel Kant, Jürgen Habermas, Max Horkheimer, Karl Marx, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Robert Brandom, Richard J. Bernstein and John Dewey. It seeks to carve a conceptual and methodological niche for the journal and steer the path for its future growth and development in the realm of media and journalism studies. It recommends special streams for future praxis-based media research and how the gap between media theory and media practice is to be bridged.
Mechanism and Characteristics of Horizontal-Wellbore Cleanout by Annular Helical Flow
Authors: Xianzhi Song , Gensheng Li , Zhongwei Huang , Laibin Zhang , Shouceng Tian , Haizhu Wang 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Horizontal-wellbore cleanout by rotating jets and annular helical flow has developed rapidly in past decades, in which the annular helical flow is one of the most significant factors to transport the solids in a horizontal wellbore. Because of its complexity and lack of research approaches, the mechanism and characteristics of annular helical flow by high-pressure jets were never revealed comprehensively. By the computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) method, the flow field of annular helical flow (such as its generation, continuation, and attenuation) was first manifested. The axial velocity and tangential velocity vary regarding cleaning distance, flow rate, and nozzle assemblies. Furthermore, the dynamic simulation of sandbed sweeping by rotating jets and annular helical flow in a horizontal wellbore was accomplished, and the influences on sweeping efficiency were discussed. Finally, the recommended nozzle assembly and its flow-rate distribution in front jets, lateral jets, and rear jets were provided. This study is beneficial in designing the cleaning tool and in optimizing the hydraulic parameters and operation procedures.
Evaluation of Induced Thermal Pressurization in Clearwater Shale Caprock in Electromagnetic Steam-Assisted Gravity-Drainage Projects
Authors: Ghannadi Sahar , Irani Mazda , Chalaturnyk Rick 
Published: June 2013

SummaryInductive methods, such as electromagnetic steam-assisted gravity drainage (EM-SAGD), have been identified as technically and economically feasible recovery methods for shallow oil-sands reservoirs with overburdens of more than 30 m (Koolman et al. 2008). However, in EM-SAGD projects, the caprock overlying oil-sands reservoirs is also electromagnetically heated along with the bitumen reservoir. Because permeability is low in Alberta thermal-project caprock formations (i.e., the Clearwater shale formation in the Athabasca deposit and the Colorado shale formation in the Cold Lake deposit), the pore pressure resulting from the thermal expansion of pore fluids may not be balanced with the fluid loss caused by flow and the fluid-volume changes resulting from pore dilation. In extreme cases, the water boils, and the pore pressure increases dramatically as a result of the phase change in the water, which causes profound effective-stress reduction. After this condition is established, pore pressure increases can lead to shear failure of the caprock, the creation of microcracks and hydraulic fractures, and subsequent caprock integrity failure. It is typically believed that low-permeability caprocks impede the transmission of pore pressure from the reservoir, making them more resistant to shear failure (Collins 2005, 2007). In cases of induced thermal pressurization, low-permeability caprocks are not always more resistant. In this study, analytical solutions are obtained for temperature and pore-pressure rises caused by the constant EM heating rate of the caprock. These analytical solutions show that pore-pressure increases from EM heating depend on the permeability and compressibility of the caprock formation. For stiff or low-compressibility media, thermal pressurization can cause fluid pressures to approach hydrostatic pressure, and shear strength to approach zero for low-cohesive-strength units of the caprock (units of the caprock with high silt and sand percentage) and sections of the caprock with pre-existing fractures with no cohesion.
DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Silva Andréa Lúcia G da , Rosa Helen T da , Charlier Clara F , Salvador Miriam , Moura Dinara J , Moura Valim Andreia R de , Guecheva Temenouga N , Henriques João Antônio Pegas 
Published: June 2013

Background:
We aimed to assess the level of DNA damage and susceptibility to exogenous mutagens in peripheral
blood cells of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients and healthy individuals by comet assay.
Oxidative stress was also evaluated by means of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) in blood plasma.

Methods:
Case-control study enrolling 51 COPD patients and 51 controls. Peripheral blood was used to perform the alkaline
(pH>13) and neutral (pH=8.5) comet assay. For the assessment of susceptibility to exogenous DNA damage, the cells
were treated with methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) for 1-hour or 3-hour at 37° C. The percentage of residual DNA damage
after 3-h MMS treatment was calculated using the value of 1-h MMS treatment for each subject as 100%. Lipid peroxidation
was evaluated by measuring TBARS in blood plasma.

Results:
DNA damage in patients was significantly higher than in controls as measured by the neutral and alkaline comet
assay. Residual DNA damage detected after MMS treatment increased in patients, in contrast to controls, indicating higher
susceptibility to alkylation damage and/or repair inhibition. High susceptibility to exogenous DNA damage in COPD
patients correlates with high amount of TBARS and low forced vital capacity and expiratory volume.

Conclusion:
The positive correlation between increased susceptibility to exogenous DNA damage and TBARS levels in
COPD patients suggests the possible involvement of oxidative stress in damage induction and/or repair inhibition.
The Normalized Failure Index: A Method for Summarizing the Results of Studies on Restoration Longevity?
Authors: Burke FJT , Singh V , Wilson NHF 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARY
Satisfactory restoration longevity is central to operative dentistry and is the subject of a wide variety of publications. However, combining the results of a number of studies to provide an overview, for example, for a meta-analysis may be problematic because of the heterogeneity of the data, and a high proportion of studies may therefore not be included. It is the purpose of this study to present a means whereby the data from cohort studies may be combined to present a representation of restoration longevity, termed the “Normalized Failure Index.”
Detection of Marginal Leakage of Class V Restorations In Vitro by Micro–Computed Tomography
Authors: Zhao XY , Li SB , Gu LJ , Li Y 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARY
This in vitro study evaluated the efficacy of micro–computed tomography (CT) in marginal leakage detection of Class V restorations. Standardized Class V preparations with cervical margins in dentin and occlusal margins in enamel were made in 20 extracted human molars and restored with dental bonding agents and resin composite. All teeth were then immersed in 50% ammoniacal silver nitrate solution for 12 hours, followed by a developing solution for eight hours. Each restoration was scanned by micro-CT, the depth of marginal silver leakage in the central scanning section was measured, and the three-dimensional images of the silver leakage around each restoration were reconstructed. Afterward, all restorations were cut through the center and examined for leakage depth using a microscope. The silver leakage depth of each restoration obtained by the micro-CT and the microscope were compared for equivalency. The silver leakage depth in cervical walls observed by micro-CT and microscope showed no significant difference; however, in certain cases the judgment of leakage depth in the occlusal wall in micro-CT image was affected by adjacent enamel structure, providing less leakage depth than was observed with the microscope (p&lt;0.01). Micro-CT displayed the three-dimensional image of the leakage around the Class V restorations with clear borders only in the dentin region. It can be concluded that micro-CT can detect nondestructively the leakage around a resin composite restoration in two and three dimensions, with accuracy comparable to that of the conventional microscope method in the dentin region but with inferior accuracy in the enamel region.