bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Naming and Phonemic Awareness in Children With Reading Disabilities and/or Specific Language Impairment: Differentiating Processes?
Authors: De Groot Bartholomeus J. A. , Van den Bos Kees P. , Van der Meulen Bieuwe F. , Minnaert Alexander E. M. G. 
Published: July 2015

PurposeThe objective of this study was to assess and compare the predictive values of group membership for rapid automatized naming (RAN) and phonemic awareness (PA) in Dutch school children with and without reading disabilities (RD) or specific language impairment (SLI).MethodA composite word reading index and a formal SLI diagnosis were used to classify a total of 1,267 children aged 8 to 13 years old either as RD-only (n= 126), SLI-only (n= 21), comorbid (RD+SLI;n= 30), or typically developing (n= 1,090). RAN and PA were assessed with 4 standardized subtests. The clinical subgroups were compared to each other and contrasted with the control group.ResultsFor each subgroup, results indicate substantial effect sizes of RAN and PA. However, the RD-only group seems to be more affected by poor RAN than the SLI-only group, whereas the 2 groups perform equally poorly on PA. The comorbid group was revealed as most severely impaired on all measurements.ConclusionsIn studying RD and SLI, this research indicates that it is important to distinguish between RD-only, SLI-only, and comorbid groups. The comorbid group shows additive effects of both disorders.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963622
A Novel Pupillometric Method for Indexing Word Difficulty in Individuals With and Without Aphasia
Authors: Chapman Laura R. , Hallowell Brooke 
Published: July 2015

PurposeCognitive effort is a clinically important facet of linguistic processing that is often overlooked in the assessment and treatment of people with aphasia (PWA). Furthermore, there is a paucity of valid ways to index cognitive effort in PWA. The construct of cognitive effort has been indexed for decades via pupillometry (measurement of pupil dilation and constriction during a cognitive task), yet pupillometry has not been implemented in studies including PWA. In the present study, we tested a novel method for indexing cognitive effort during linguistic processing in people with and without aphasia.MethodForty control participants and 39 PWA listened to semantically easy and difficult single nouns and looked at images while their pupillary responses were monitored. Mean pupil dilation in response to easy versus difficult nouns was calculated to index cognitive effort.ResultsLarger mean pupil dilation values were obtained for difficult compared with easy nouns for both groups.ConclusionResults provide preliminary evidence that pupillometry can be used to index cognitive effort during linguistic processing of single nouns in people with and without aphasia. Methods for indexing cognitive effort will be a valuable addition to existing assessment methods. Suggestions for further research are offered.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963616
Potent organo-osmium compound shifts metabolism in epithelial ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Hearn Jessica M. , Romero-Canelón Isolda , Munro Alison F. , Fu Ying , Pizarro Ana M. , Garnett Mathew J. , McDermott Ultan , Carragher Neil O. , Sadler Peter J. 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Platinum-based metallodrugs are the most widely used anticancer agents. Their reduced effectiveness after repeat dosing (resistance) constitutes a major clinical problem. We study a potent organo-osmium compound with improved activity over cisplatin and no cross-resistance in platinum-resistant cancers. This compound disrupts metabolism in A2780 human ovarian cancer cells, generating reactive oxygen species and damaging DNA. We identified mutations in complex I of the electron transport chain in A2780 cells and suggest that the osmium compound may exploit these mutations to exert a potent mechanism of action. Such activity increases selectivity toward cancer cells, given that normal-functioning cells can better adapt to drug-induced metabolic perturbations. Therefore, this report highlights a promising strategy to drive the future development of organometallic anticancer compounds.
Primer retention owing to the absence of RNase H1 is catastrophic for mitochondrial DNA replication
Authors: Holmes J. Bradley , Akman Gokhan , Wood Stuart R. , Sakhuja Kiran , Cerritelli Susana M. , Moss Chloe , Bowmaker Mark R. , Jacobs Howard T. , Crouch Robert J. , Holt Ian J. 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Cellular energy production is a function of the abundance of the small circular DNA molecules in mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA is replicated in both dividing and nondividing cells, and encoding ribonuclease H1 (RNase H1) is essential to this process. Here, we define its mechanistic role: the removal of the RNA primers used for mitochondrial DNA replication. In the absence of RNase H1, primers are fixed in both template strands of mitochondrial DNA. The retained primers are a major impediment to mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ, leading to the formation of persistent DNA gaps that are catastrophic for subsequent rounds of replication. Moreover, primer retention provides unambiguous identification of RNA-DNA transition sites in the control region of mitochondrial DNA, thereby defining two major origins of replication.
Association of Post-Saline Load Plasma Aldosterone Levels With Left
Ventricular Hypertrophy in Primary Hypertension
Authors: Catena Cristiana , Verheyen Nicolas D. , Url-Michitsch Marion , Kraigher-Krainer Elisabeth , Colussi GianLuca , Pilz Stefan , Tomaschitz Andreas , Pieske Burkert , Sechi Leonardo A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity in hypertension. Current evidence suggests a contribution to LVH of plasma aldosterone levels that are inappropriately elevated for the salt status. The aim of this study was to investigate whether inappropriate modulation of aldosterone production by a saline load is associated with left ventricular (LV) mass in hypertensive patients.

METHODS
In 90 hypertensive patients free of clinically relevant cardiovascular complications in whom secondary forms of hypertension were ruled out, we performed a standard intravenous saline load (0.9% NaCl, 2 l in 4 hours) with measurement of plasma aldosterone and active renin at baseline and end of infusion. Bi-dimensional echocardiography was performed for the assessment of cardiac morphology and function.

RESULTS
LVH was present in 19% of patients who had significantly worse renal function and higher body mass, blood pressure, and plasma aldosterone levels measured both at baseline and after the saline load than patients without LVH. LV mass was directly related to age, body mass, systolic blood pressure, duration of hypertension, baseline, and post-saline load plasma aldosterone levels and inversely to glomerular filtration. Multivariate regression analysis showed independent correlation of LV mass with body mass, systolic blood pressure, and plasma aldosterone levels measured after intravenous saline load, but not at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with hypertension, aldosterone levels measured after intravenous saline load are related to LV mass independent of age, body mass, and blood pressure, suggesting that limited ability of salt to modulate aldosterone production could contribute to LVH.
TiMEx: a waiting time model for mutually exclusive cancer alterations
Authors: Constantinescu Simona , Szczurek Ewa , Mohammadi Pejman , Rahnenführer Jörg , Beerenwinkel Niko 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Despite recent technological advances in genomic sciences, our understanding of cancer progression and its driving genetic alterations remains incomplete.
Results: We introduce TiMEx, a generative probabilistic model for detecting patterns of various degrees of mutual exclusivity across genetic alterations, which can indicate pathways involved in cancer progression. TiMEx explicitly accounts for the temporal interplay between the waiting times to alterations and the observation time. In simulation studies, we show that our model outperforms previous methods for detecting mutual exclusivity. On large-scale biological datasets, TiMEx identifies gene groups with strong functional biological relevance, while also proposing new candidates for biological validation. TiMEx possesses several advantages over previous methods, including a novel generative probabilistic model of tumorigenesis, direct estimation of the probability of mutual exclusivity interaction, computational efficiency and high sensitivity in detecting gene groups involving low-frequency alterations.
Availability and implementation: TiMEx is available as a Bioconductor R package at www.bsse.ethz.ch/cbg/software/TiMEx .
Contact: niko.beerenwinkel@bsse.ethz.ch
Supplementary information : Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Trophic levels of marine consumers from nitrogen stable isotope analysis: estimation and uncertainty
Authors: Jennings Simon , van der Molen Johan 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Estimates of trophic levels (TLs) are used to calibrate, parameterize, and validate foodweb models and to calculate metrics and indicators of foodweb structure and human impacts. We develop a method to estimate TL from nitrogen stable isotope data (δ15N) and apply it to 5535 individuals from 62 species of marine fish and squids sampled from the Celtic Sea, English Channel, Irish Sea, and North Sea. With this method, uncertainties in δ15N at the base of the foodweb (from a marine isoscape generated with environmental data) and in trophic fractionation (from existing fixed and scaled fractionation models) are propagated through the analysis to quantify uncertainty in TL. Higher values of base and consumer δ15N lead to greater uncertainty in TL estimates for individual consumers. Base and consumer δ15N are higher in coastal regions with lower salinity, such as the Irish Sea and Channel coasts, so uncertainty in individual TL estimates is relatively high in these regions. Conversely, when base and consumer δ15N are low, as in the high salinity waters of the northern North Sea, uncertainty is relatively low. Uncertainty intervals for species' predicted TL at a reference mass (based on ≥10 individuals spanning a range of body sizes) are small compared with estimates for individual consumers, as are estimates of slope of the TL body mass relationship. For ∼50% of region and species combinations showing trends in TL with body mass, there are eight times more positive relationships than negative ones. Our approach can be applied at large spatial scales. It generates estimates of uncertainty that support more rigorous and informed comparisons of the trophic ecology of size classes, species, and species-groups. A data file that includes estimates of TL and associated uncertainty for all sampled individuals accompanies this study.
Systemic lupus erythematosus: molecular cloning and analysis of recombinant monoclonal kappa light chain NGTA2-Me-pro-ChTr possessing two different activities—trypsin-like and metalloprotease
Authors: Timofeeva Anna M. , Ivanisenko Nikita V. , Buneva Valentina N. , Nevinsky Georgy A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPolyclonal antibodies hydrolyzing myelin basic protein (MBP) can play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). An immunoglobulin light chain phagemid library derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with SLE was used. The small pools of phage particles displaying light chains with different affinity for MBP were isolated by affinity chromatography on MBP-Sepharose. The fraction eluted with 0.5M NaCl was used for preparation of individual monoclonal light chains (MLChs, 26–27kDa). The clones were expressed in Escherichia coli in a soluble form; MLChs were purified by metal-chelating chromatography followed by gel filtration. In mammalians, there are serine proteases and metalloproteases. These and many other enzymes usually have only one active site and catalyze only one chemical reaction. In contrast to canonical proteases, one MLCh (NGTA2-Me-pro-ChTr) efficiently hydrolyzed MBP (but not other proteins) and four different oligopeptides corresponding to four immunodominant sequences containing cleavage sites of MBP. The proteolytic activity of MLCh was efficiently inhibited only by specific inhibitors of serine-like (phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride, PMSF) and metalloproteases (EDTA). It was shown that MLCh possess independent serine-like and metal-dependent activities. The principal existence of monoclonal antibodies with two different proteolytic activities is unexpected but very important for the further understanding of at present unknown biological functions of human antibodies.
Revisiting the dynamical case for a massive black hole in IC10 X-1
Authors: Laycock Silas G. T. , Maccarone Thomas J. , Christodoulou Dimitris M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The relative phasing of the X-ray eclipse ephemeris and optical radial velocity (RV) curve for the X-ray binary IC10 X-1 suggests that the He [λ4686] emission line originates in a shadowed sector of the stellar wind that avoids ionization by X-rays from the compact object. The line attains maximum blueshift when the wind is directly towards us at mid X-ray eclipse, as is also seen in Cygnus X-3. If the RV curve is unrelated to stellar motion, evidence for a massive black hole (BH) evaporates because the mass function of the binary is unknown. The reported X-ray luminosity, spectrum, slow QPO and broad eclipses caused by absorption/scattering in the Wolf–Rayet (WR) wind are all consistent with either a low-stellar-mass BH or a neutron star (NS). For an NS, the centre of mass lies inside the WR envelope whose motion is then far below the observed 370 km s−1 RV amplitude, while the velocity of the compact object is as high as 600 km s−1. The resulting 0.4 per cent Doppler variation of X-ray spectral lines could be confirmed by missions in development. These arguments also apply to other putative BH binaries whose RV and eclipse curves are not yet phase-connected. Theories of BH formation and predicted rates of gravitational wave sources may need revision.
Fatal Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis Caused by Acanthamoeba in a Patient With Kidney Transplant: A Case Report
Authors: Salameh Ahmad , Bello Nancy , Becker Jennifer , Zangeneh Tirdad 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) due to Acanthamoeba is almost a uniformly fatal infection in immune-compromised hosts despite multidrug combination therapy. We report a case of GAE in a female who received a deceased donor kidney graft. She was treated with a combination of miltefosine, pentamidine, sulfadiazine, fluconazole, flucytosine, and azithromycin.
Xenon Does Not Increase Heart Rate–corrected Cardiac QT Interval in Volunteers and in Patients Free of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Neukirchen Martin , Schaefer Maximilian S. , Kern Carolin , Brett Sarah , Werdehausen Robert , Rellecke Philipp , Reyle-Hahn Matthias , Kienbaum Peter 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAbstract
No prolongation of heart rate–corrected cardiac QT intervals was observed in volunteers during xenon monoanesthesia or in patients without preexisting long QT syndrome during xenon-based anesthesia.

Background:
Impaired cardiac repolarization, indicated by prolonged QT interval, may cause critical ventricular arrhythmias. Many anesthetics increase the QT interval by blockade of rapidly acting potassium rectifier channels. Although xenon does not affect these channels in isolated cardiomyocytes, the authors hypothesized that xenon increases the QT interval by direct and/or indirect sympathomimetic effects. Thus, the authors tested the hypothesis that xenon alters the heart rate–corrected cardiac QT (QTc) interval in anesthetic concentrations.

Methods:
The effect of xenon on the QTc interval was evaluated in eight healthy volunteers and in 35 patients undergoing abdominal or trauma surgery. The QTc interval was recorded on subjects in awake state, after their denitrogenation, and during xenon monoanesthesia (FetXe > 0.65). In patients, the QTc interval was recorded while awake, after anesthesia induction with propofol and remifentanil, and during steady state of xenon/remifentanil anesthesia (FetXe > 0.65). The QTc interval was determined from three consecutive cardiac intervals on electrocardiogram printouts in a blinded manner and corrected with Bazett formula.

Results:
In healthy volunteers, xenon did not alter the QTc interval (mean difference: +0.11 ms [95% CI, −22.4 to 22.7]). In patients, after anesthesia induction with propofol/remifentanil, no alteration of QTc interval was noted. After propofol was replaced with xenon, the QTc interval remained unaffected (417 ± 32 ms vs. awake: 414 ± 25 ms) with a mean difference of 4.4 ms (95% CI, −4.6 to 13.5).

Conclusion:
Xenon monoanesthesia in healthy volunteers and xenon/remifentanil anesthesia in patients without clinically relevant cardiovascular disease do not increase QTc interval.
Silencing the α2 Subunit of γ-aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia Reveals Its Major Role in Antinociception Posttraumatic Nerve Injury
Authors: Obradovic´ Aleksandar L. , Scarpa Joseph , Osuru Hari P. , Weaver Janelle L. , Park Ji-Yong , Pathirathna Sriyani , Peterkin Alexander , Lim Yunhee , Jagodic Miljenko M. , Todorovic Slobodan M. , Jevtovic-Todorovic Vesna 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAbstract
Nerve injury reduced the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor type A α2 subunit expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In vivo knockdown of the α2 subunit in the DRG enhanced nociception whereas pharmacologic prevention of GABA uptake reduced pain behavior. The results are consistent with the notion that modulation of GABAergic tone in the DRG may offer a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Background:
Neuropathic pain (NPP) is likely the result of repetitive high-frequency bursts of peripheral afferent activity leading to long-lasting changes in synaptic plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn. Drugs that promote γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity in the dorsal horn provide partial relief of neuropathic symptoms. The authors examined how in vivo silencing of the GABA receptor type A (GABAA) α2 gene in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) controls NPP.

Methods:
After crush injury to the right sciatic nerve of female rats, the α2 GABAA antisense and mismatch oligodeoxynucleotides or NO-711 (a GABA uptake inhibitor) were applied to the L5 DRG. In vivo behavioral assessment of nociception was conducted before the injury and ensuing 10 days (n = 4 to 10). In vitro quantification of α2 GABAA protein and electrophysiological studies of GABAA currents were performed on acutely dissociated L5 DRG neurons at relevant time points (n = 6 to 14).

Results:
NPP postcrush injury of a sciatic nerve in adult female rats coincides with significant down-regulation of the α2 subunit expression in the ipsilateral DRG (approximately 30%). Selective down-regulation of α2 expression in DRGs significantly worsens mechanical (2.55 ± 0.75 to 5.16 ± 1.16) and thermal (7.97 ± 0.96 to 5.51 ± 0.75) hypersensitivity in crush-injured animals and causes development of significant mechanical (2.33 ± 0.40 to 5.00 ± 0.33) and thermal (10.80 ± 0.29 to 7.34 ± 0.81) hypersensitivity in sham animals (data shown as mean ± SD). Conversely, up-regulation of endogenous GABA via blockade of its uptake in DRG alleviates NPP.

Conclusion:
The GABAA receptor in the DRG plays an important role in pathophysiology of NPP caused by sciatic nerve injury and represents promising target for novel pain therapies.
Glenoid Bone Loss in Traumatic Glenohumeral Instability in the Adolescent Population
Authors: Ellis Henry Bone , Seiter Max , Wise Kelsey , Wilson Philip 
Published: July 2015

Background:
Glenoid bone loss can affect the outcome and treatment for posttraumatic recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. Clinical presentation in the adolescent age group with shoulder instability and glenoid bone loss is largely unknown. On the basis of this information, we believe there will be a high incidence of glenoid bone loss in adolescent patients with recurrent glenohumeral instability. We hypothesize that high-impact injuries, sports injuries, and reductions requiring sedation will be factors associated with glenoid bone loss.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study reviewing consecutive adolescent patients (n=114) with recurrent traumatic glenohumeral instability between 2004 and 2012. Chart analysis included demographic, presenting, and radiographic data. Glenoid bone loss was interpreted from plain radiographs, computed tomography (2D and/or 3D), magnetic resonance imaging, and/or arthroscopy. We compared possible risk factors between subjects with and without glenoid bone defects using the χ2 test or 2 sample t tests.

Results:
Glenoid bone loss was seen in 55 patients (48.2%) with 15 of these patients (27%) having critical bone loss. Forty-five percent of appreciated glenoid bone loss was not visualized on plain radiographs. The average age was 15.1 years (range, 6.5 to 18.1) with male to female ratio 3.7:1. Male sex, older age, and taller stature were all statistically associated with glenoid bone loss (P=0.02, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively). Primary dislocations that occurred during sports were more likely to have glenoid bone loss (55.9% vs. 78.2%, P=0.01). The presence of an apprehension sign on physical examination was positively correlated with bone loss (P=0.008).

Conclusions:
The presence of glenoid bone loss in primary traumatic glenohumeral instability in the adolescent population is high, however, not as high as previously reported. Factors associated with glenoid bone loss include male sex, older age, taller stature, sports injuries, and the presence of apprehension on physical examination.

Level of Evidence:
This study establishes patients who may be at high risk for glenoid bone loss based on mechanism of injury and physical examination findings. This prognostic study is a level II retrospective study.