bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White Matter Microstructural Damage in Small Vessel Disease Is Associated With Montreal Cognitive Assessment But Not With Mini Mental State Examination Performances
Authors: Pasi Marco , Salvadori Emilia , Poggesi Anna , Ciolli Laura , Del Bene Alessandra , Marini Sandro , Nannucci Serena , Pescini Francesca , Valenti Raffaella , Ginestroni Andrea , Toschi Nicola , Diciotti Stefano , Mascalchi Mario , Inzitari Domenico , Pantoni Leonardo 
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose—
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has been proposed as a screening tool in vascular cognitive impairment. Diffusion tensor imaging is sensitive to white matter microstructural damage. We investigated if diffusion tensor imaging-derived indices are more strongly associated with performances on MoCA or on the widely used mini mental state examination in patients with mild cognitive impairment and small vessel disease.

Methods—
Mild cognitive impairment patients with moderate/severe degrees of white matter hyperintensities on MRI were enrolled. Lacunar infarcts, cortical atrophy, medial temporal lobe atrophy and median values of mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy of the cerebral white matter were studied and correlated with cognitive tests performances.

Results—

Seventy-six patients (mean age 75.1±6.8 years, mean years of education 8.0±4.3) were assessed. In univariate analyses, a significant association of both MoCA and mini mental state examination scores with age, education, cortical atrophy, and medial temporal lobe atrophy was found, whereas mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were associated with MoCA. In partial correlation analyses, adjusting for all demographic and neuroimaging variables, both mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were associated only with MoCA (mean diffusivity:
r
= −0.275,
P
=0.023; fractional anisotropy:
r
=0.246,
P
=0.043).

Conclusions—
In patients with mild cognitive impairment and small vessel disease, diffusion tensor imaging-measured white matter microstructural damage is more related to MoCA than mini mental state examination performances. MoCA is suited for the cognitive screening of patients with small vessel disease.
Association of the transcobalamin II gene 776C→G polymorphism with Alzheimer’s type dementia: dependence on the 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 1298A→C polymorphism genotype
Authors: Cascalheira José F , Gonçalves Mónica , Barroso Madalena , Castro Rita , Palmeira Manuela , Serpa André , Dias-Cabral Ana C , Domingues Fernanda C , Almeida Sofia 
Published: November 2014

Background Decreased serum concentrations of vitamin B12 are associated with Alzheimer’s type dementia. The transcobalamin II gene (TCN2) 776C→G polymorphism affects transcobalamin II function as a carrier of vitamin B12 and might modify its availability. The association of the TCN2 776C→G polymorphism with Alzheimer’s type dementia is unclear and was investigated in the present study. Methods Case–control study including 27 individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s type dementia and 28 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of vitamin B12, homocysteine and other analytes were determined and the presence of TCN2 776C→G and 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 1298A→C polymorphisms genotypes was ascertained by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results Serum concentrations of vitamin B12 were lower while those of homocysteine were higher in patients than in controls ( P < 0.05). The frequency of individuals carrying at least one 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 1298C allele was higher (59% versus 32%) while frequency of individuals harbouring at least one TCN2 776G allele was lower (58% versus 86%) in patients than in controls ( P < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression showed negative association of TCN2 776CG genotype with Alzheimer’s type dementia (OR = 0.17 versus CC genotype, P < 0.02). Multivariate logistic regression identified TCN2 776C→G polymorphism as independent predictor of Alzheimer’s type dementia together with higher concentrations of homocysteine, cholesterol and uric acid and lower concentrations of oestradiol. Association of TCN2 776C→G polymorphism with Alzheimer’s type dementia was observed for individuals carrying the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 1298AA genotype but not the AC or CC genotypes, indicating interaction between the two polymorphisms. Conclusions The TCN2 776C→G polymorphism is negatively associated with Alzheimer’s type dementia, suggesting a protective role against the disease in subjects with the 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 1298AA genotype.
On interpreters’ working memory and executive control
Authors: Hiltunen Sinikka , Pääkkönen Rauni , Vik Gun-Viol , Krause Christina M. 
Published: November 2014

Research questions: The purpose of the study was to reveal new aspects of interpreters’ memory and executive control. Design: The memory and executive control of simultaneous and consecutive interpreters were compared to those of foreign language teachers and non-linguistic experts in two experiments: free recall and cocktail-party dichotic listening. Data: Volunteers were 94 participants (22 to 26 participants in each group) with a minimum of 10 years of professional experience. Findings: Simultaneous interpreters outperformed the non-linguistic experts in free recall. Though most of them detected their name in the cocktail-party test, they made no errors in the first and second word after it. In contrast, consecutive interpreters exceeded the performance of non-linguistic experts in seldom detecting their name in the cocktail-party test, as well as in making just a few errors in the first word after it. The results seem to indicate expertise-dependent differences between the two interpreter groups, as well as between foreign language teachers and non-linguistic experts. For simultaneous interpreters, the findings can be explained by conditions at work which demand the continuous dividing of attention between listening to the source text, formulating and speaking the target text, and even monitoring and comparing the equivalence of the two. With consecutive interpreters, the results could reflect high demands for resisting external distractions at work. Originality: The results seem to point to expertise-dependent differences in memory and executive control between different foreign language expert groups achieved as a result of thorough experience in their field of expertise. Significance: In addition to the memory processes, executive control seems to play a significant role in explaining the cognitive processes of simultaneous and consecutive interpreting compared to that of other experts, both linguistic and non-linguistic.
Dinaciclib, a novel CDK inhibitor, demonstrates encouraging single-agent activity in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma
Authors: Kumar Shaji K. , LaPlant Betsy , Chng Wee Joo , Zonder Jeffrey , Callander Natalie , Fonseca Rafael , Fruth Briant , Roy Vivek , Erlichman Charles , Stewart A. Keith 
Published: November 2014

Key Points
Dinaciclib is a novel cdk inhibitor that demonstrates single agent activity in myeloma. Dinaciclib has a safety profile that is easily manageable.
Availability, price and affordability of anti-tuberculosis drugs in Europe: a TBNET survey
Authors: Günther Gunar , Gomez Gabriela B. , Lange Christoph , Rupert Stephan , van Leth Frank 
Published: November 2014

Data on availability and cost of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in relation to affordability at national level are scarce.We performed a cross-sectional study on availability and cost of anti-TB drugs at major TB-reference centres in 37 European countries. Costs of standardised treatment regimens used for pan-sensitive TB, multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, pre-extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, and XDR-TB were compared using a purchasing power analysis. Affordability was evaluated in relation to monthly national gross domestic products per capita (GDP).At least one second-line injectable and either moxifloxacin or levofloxacin were available in all countries. Linezolid and clofazimine were available in 79% and 46% of the countries, respectively. Drug cost for XDR-TB was three-times more expensive than those for MDR-TB. The average price of treatment for pan-sensitive TB represented a maximum of 8.5% of the monthly GDP across countries, while for standard MDR-TB treatment this was <30% in only six countries and more than 100% in four countries. Treatment of XDR-TB represented more than 100% of a month's GDP in all countries where the regimen was available.High cost and limited availability of drugs for treatment of drug-resistant TB, particularly beyond resistance to first-line drugs, are a major impediment to successful TB control in Europe.
Chemokine decoy receptor D6 mimicking trap (D6MT) prevents allosensitization and immune rejection in murine corneal allograft model
Authors: Choi Wungrak , Byun Yu Jeong , Jeong Eunae , Noh Hyemi , Hajrasouliha Amir R , Sadrai Zahra , Chang Eunju , Lee Joon H , Lee Hyung Keun 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Although corneal allotransplantation is performed in the immune-privileged cornea, many grafts are still rejected after transplantation. This study examined the role of chemokine receptor D6 expression in a corneal allograft rejection, investigated the modulation of D6 expression in cells, and determined the effect of D6 on graft survival. Interestingly, D6 was highly expressed in CD45− cells and the corneal epithelium of accepted corneal allografts. From the mouse corneal allograft model, TGF-β was found to play a key role in D6 up-regulation, leading to reduced CCL2, CCL5, and CCL3. To modulate D6 chemokine binding, a D6MT was developed and showed effective chemokine trapping through SPR and FACS assays. By treating corneal allografts with D6MT, the allograft survival rate was improved, and (lymph) angiogenesis was reduced. Direct allosensitization and DC LN homing was drastically reduced in the mouse corneal allograft model. These findings suggest that TGF-β is a positive regulator of D6 expression, and it is a potential therapeutic target to enhance the survival of corneal allografts.
Genetic interaction implicates iRhom2 in the regulation of EGF receptor signalling in mice
Authors: Siggs Owen M. , Grieve Adam , Xu Hongmei , Bambrough Paul , Christova Yonka , Freeman Matthew 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
iRhoms are closely related to rhomboid intramembrane proteases but lack catalytic activity. In mammals iRhoms are known to regulate the trafficking of TACE, the protease that cleaves the membrane bound inflammatory cytokine TNF. We have mapped a spontaneously occurring mouse mutation with a loss of hair phenotype, curly bare (cub), to the Rhbdf2 locus, which encodes the iRhom2 protein. The cub deletion removes the first 268 amino acids of the iRhom2 protein but is not a loss of function. We have also identified a previously reported suppressor of cub, called Mcub (modifier of curly bare), and find it to be a loss of function allele of the amphiregulin gene (Areg). Amphiregulin is an activating ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that, like TNF, is released by TACE. Our results therefore imply a regulatory link between iRhoms and EGFR signalling in mammals. We have tested the model that the cub mutation leads to iRhom2 hyperactivity and consequently excess TACE processing of amphiregulin and elevated EGFR signalling. Our results do not support this hypothesis: we find that, compared to wild-type cells, cub mutant embryonic fibroblasts release less amphiregulin, and that the cub mutant form of iRhom2 is less able than wild type to bind to TACE and promote its maturation.
Thermodynamic Analysis of V-concentrating Phase Formation in V-bearing Steelmaking Slag Modified by MgO
Authors: Wu Liushun , Gao Wei , Xie Dawei , Li Liaosha , Dong Yuanchi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the study, magnesium oxide acting as modifier was added to V-bearing steelmaking slag to concentrate vanadium, and then the effect of magnesium oxide on the formation of V-concentrating phase during cooling was investigated. Experimental results show that, in the case of the original slag, di-calcium silicate along with most of vanadate and phosphate in the slag forms solid solution, calcium ferrite which contains small part of vanadium in the slag and matrix without vanadium in turn precipitate during slowly cooling; For the sample with 8% MgO addition, two new phases (merwinite and V-concentrating phase) generate during slowly cooling, and the amount of di-calcium silicate decreases. Merwinite phase doesn’t contain vanadium, and V-concentrating phase (Ca
Investigation of Microelectromechanical Switches for Next Generation DC Power Distribution System
Authors: Femi R. , Clement Shibu , Agrawal Anita , Prince A. Amalin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper investigates the application of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches for DC power distribution system. Traditional electromechanical switches, solid state switches and solid state switch array are studied and simulated to understand their characteristics. Performance and characteristics of MEMS switches are reviewed and identified that electrostatically actuated MEMS switches are suitable for DC power applications. Scalable total cross tied (TCT) array configuration using MEMS switches has been proposed. The proposed configuration is suitable for variable voltage/current rating. Arc-less behavior of the switch configuration is analyzed using modified Paschen’s curve. 400 V/6 A system is considered for the simulation and comparative study. The simulated result of the proposed MEMS switch array configuration is compared with the traditional switches. The comparative study shows that the proposed switch array configuration gives better performance in terms of voltage drop, leakage current, power loss, arc and size. This can be used in DC power system protection, circuit breaking, battery protection and smart grid load switching applications.
Anterior Tibial Artery Injury Following Tibiotalocalcaneal Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing
Authors: Ferrel Jason R. , Davis Richard L. , Witte Zackary W. , Feibel Jonathan B. 
Published: November 2014

Case:
We report the case of a patient who sustained injury to the anterior tibial artery during tibiotalocalcaneal retrograde nailing and developed an acutely ischemic foot.

Conclusion:
Vascular injury during tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with retrograde nailing is a rare but serious complication. While retrograde tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis nailing for end-stage ankle and subtalar arthritis has shown encouraging results, a high index of suspicion for postoperative complications is necessary in patients with risk factors for poor posterior collateral circulation.
Management of End Stage Renal Disease-Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Rashid Harun Ur 
Published: November 2014

End stage renal disease (ESRD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The treatment of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for patients with ESRD is expensive. There is a direct relationship between per capita income and treatment of ESRD. Eighty five per cent of the world’s population lives in low income or middle-income countries, where the mortality is highest in patients with chronic kidney disease.The future perspective is not satisfactory for Bangladesh where treatment of ESRD is out of reach for majority of people. Effort should made for prevention and treatment of CKD at an initial stage of disease.
Antagonism at combined effects of chemical fertilizers and carbamate insecticides on the rice-field N2-fixing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum sp. in vitro
Authors: Padhy Rabindra N. , Nayak Nabakishore , Rath Shakti 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Effects of chemical fertilizers (urea, super phosphate and potash) on toxicities of two carbamate insecticides, carbaryl and carbofuran, individually to the N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermum sp. were studied in vitro at partially lethal levels (below highest permissive concentrations) of each insecticide. The average number of vegetative cells between two polar heterocysts was 16.3 in control cultures, while the mean value of filament length increased in the presence of chemical fertilizers, individually. Urea at the 10 ppm level was growth stimulatory and at the 50 ppm level it was growth inhibitory in control cultures, while at 100 ppm it was antagonistic, i.e. toxicity-enhancing along with carbaryl, individually to the cyanobacterium, antagonism was recorded. Urea at 50 ppm had toxicity reducing effect with carbaryl or carbofuran. At 100 and 250 ppm carbofuran levels, 50 ppm urea only had a progressive growth enhancing effect, which was marked well at 250 ppm carbofuran level, a situation of synergism. Super phosphate at the 10 ppm level only was growth promoting in control cultures, but it was antagonistic at its higher levels (50 and 100 ppm) along with both insecticides, individually. Potash (100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) reduced toxicity due to carbaryl 20 and carbofuran 250 ppm levels, but potash was antagonistic at the other insecticide levels. The data clearly showed that the chemical fertilizers used were antagonistic with both the insecticides during toxicity to Cylindrospermum sp.
Peripheral blood and bone marrow responses under stress of cypermethrin in albino rats
Authors: Pande Sunita , Saxena Prabhu Narain , Bhushan Brijender , Saxena Nishi 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Pyrethroids, commercially available pesticides, are greatly in use these days, and thus they carry considerable chances of contaminating various ecosystems. Haematotoxicity of cypermethrin, a broadly used type II pyrethroid, has been assessed in the present study. Selected parameters included determination of total RBC count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb conc.), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC), along with qualitative analysis of blood and bone marrow. Of these parameters, those showing significant decline following cypermethrin intoxication included total RBC count, Hb conc., PCV, MCV, MCH, whereas non-significant decrease was observed in the case of MCHC. ESR, TLC and DLC, on the other hand, increased significantly following cypermethrin intoxication. Qualitative changes included altered red cell morphology such as microcystosis, appearance of stomatocytes, poikilocytosis, giant platelet formation, etc. in peripheral blood and increased erythroid precursors in bone marrow of treated rats. These parameters were however normalised following twenty-two days of recovery phase
Melatonin protects uterus and oviduct exposed to nicotine in mice
Authors: Seyed Saadat Seyedeh Nazanin , Mohammadghasemi Fahimeh , Khajeh Jahromi Sina , Homafar Mohammad Amin , Haghiri Mostafa 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Smoking is associated with higher infertility risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate protective effects of melatonin on the uterus and oviduct in mice exposed to nicotine. Adult female mice (n=32) were divided into four groups. Group A: control animals received normal saline, Group B: injected with nicotine 40 μg/kg, Group C: injected with melatonin 10 μg, Group D: injected with nicotine 40 μg/kg and melatonin 10 μg. All animals were treated over 15 days intraperitoneally. On the 16th day, animals in the estrus phase were dissected and their uterus and oviducts were removed. Immunohistochemistry was recruited for studying apoptosis and for detection of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha in luminal epithelium of the uterus and oviduct. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for serum estradiol level determination. Nicotine in group B decreased estradiol level and ERalpha numbers both in the uterus and oviduct (p<0.05). Co-administration of melatonin-nicotine in Group D ameliorated the histology of the uterus and oviduct, increased ERalpha numbers and reduced apoptosis in the uterus and oviduct compared with the nicotine Group B (p<0.05). This study indicates that nicotine impairs the histology of the uterus and oviduct and co-administration of melatonin-nicotine ameliorates these findings, partly through alteration in ERalpha numbers and reduction of apoptosis
On left regular and intra-regular ordered semigroups
Authors: Kehayopulu Niovi , Tsingelis Michael 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We study the decomposition of left regular ordered semigroups into left regular components and the decomposition of intra-regular ordered semigroups into simple or intra-regular components, adding some additional information to the results considered in [KEHAYOPULU, N.: On left regular ordered semigroups, Math. Japon. 35 (1990), 1057–1060] and [KEHAYOPULU, N.: On intra-regular ordered semigroups, Semigroup Forum 46 (1993), 271–278]. We prove that an ordered semigroup S is left regular if and only if it is a semilattice (or a complete semilattice) of left regular semigroups, equivalently, it is a union of left regular subsemigroups of S. Moreover, S is left regular if and only if it is a union of pairwise disjoint left regular subsemigroups of S. The right analog also holds. The same result is true if we replace the words “left regular” by “intraregular”. Moreover, an ordered semigroup is intra-regular if and only if it is a semilattice (or a complete semilattice) of simple semigroups. On the other hand, if an ordered semigroup is a semilattice (or a complete semilattice) of left simple semigroups, then it is left regular, but the converse statement does not hold in general. Illustrative examples are given.
Intervention intensive et travail invisible de femmes : le cas de mères de jeunes enfants autistes et de leurs intervenantes
Authors: Courcy Isabelle , des Rivières-Pigeon Catherine 
Published: November 2014

Au cours des dernières années, la façon de prendre soin des jeunes enfants autistes a radicalement changé au Québec. Auparavant considérées comme responsables de l’autisme de leur enfant, les mères sont maintenant incitées à s’impliquer dans le programme d’intervention de ce dernier. Leur participation active est vivement encouragée, parfois même à titre de « cothérapeute » au sein de l’équipe d’intervention. Cet article présente les résultats d’un terrain d’enquête visant à mettre en lumière le travail invisible entourant le soin et l’éducation d’un jeune enfant vivant avec l’autisme. Par ailleurs, le caractère invisible de ce travail n’est pas apparu comme concernant uniquement les mères, mais aussi les intervenantes professionnelles de l’enfant, ces dernières assumant un important travail émotionnel auprès des mères.