bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and severity classification of extracardiac interference in 82Rb PET myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Orton Elizabeth J. , Al Harbi Ibraheem , Klein Ran , Beanlands Rob S. B. , deKemp Robert A. , Glenn Wells R. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is used for diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. When MPI studies are performed with positron emission tomography (PET) and the radioactive tracer rubidium‐82 chloride (82Rb), a small but non‐negligible fraction of studies (∼10%) suffer from extracardiac interference: high levels of tracer uptake in structures adjacent to the heart which mask the true cardiac tracer uptake. At present, there are no clinically available options for automated detection or correction of this problem. This work presents an algorithm that detects and classifies the severity of extracardiac interference in 82Rb PET MPI images and reports the accuracy and failure rate of the method.Methods:A set of 200 82Rb PET MPI images were reviewed by a trained nuclear cardiologist and interference severity reported on a four‐class scale, from absent to severe. An automated algorithm was developed that compares uptake at the external border of the myocardium to three thresholds, separating the four interference severity classes. A minimum area of interference was required, and the search region was limited to that facing the stomach wall and spleen. Maximizing concordance (Cohen's Kappa) and minimizing failure rate for the set of 200 clinician‐read images were used to find the optimal population‐based constants defining search limit and minimum area parameters and the thresholds for the algorithm. Tenfold stratified cross‐validation was used to find optimal thresholds and report accuracy measures (sensitivity, specificity, and Kappa).Results:The algorithm was capable of detecting interference with a mean [95% confidence interval] sensitivity/specificity/Kappa of 0.97 [0.94, 1.00]/0.82 [0.66, 0.98]/0.79 [0.65, 0.92], and a failure rate of 1.0% ± 0.2%. The four‐class overall Kappa was 0.72 [0.64, 0.81]. Separation of mild versus moderate‐or‐greater interference was performed with good accuracy (sensitivity/specificity/Kappa = 0.92 [0.86, 0.99]/0.86 [0.71, 1.00]/0.78 [0.64, 0.92]), while separation of moderate versus severe interference severity classes showed reduced sensitivity/Kappa but little change in specificity (sensitivity/specificity/Kappa = 0.83 [0.77, 0.88]/0.82 [0.77, 0.88]/0.65 [0.60, 0.70]). Specificity was greater than sensitivity for all interference classes. Algorithm execution time was <1 min.Conclusions:The algorithm produced here has a low failure rate and high accuracy for detection of extracardiac interference in 82Rb PET MPI scans. It provides a fast, reliable, automated method for assessing severity of extracardiac interference.
Full-Genome Sequence Analysis of a Natural Reassortant H4N2 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from a Domestic Duck in Southern China
Authors: Wu Aiqiong , Xie Zhixun , Xie Liji , Xie Zhiqin , Luo Sisi , Deng Xianwen , Huang Li , Huang Jiaoling , Zeng Tingting 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genome sequence of a novel reassortant H4N2 avian influenza virus strain, A/duck/Guangxi/125D17/2012(H4N2) (GX125D17), isolated from a duck in Guangxi Province, China in 2012. We obtained the complete genome sequence of the GX125D17 virus isolation by PCR, cloning, and sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed that this H4N2 virus strain was a novel reassortant avian inﬂuenza virus (AIV). Information about the complete genome sequence of the GX125D17 virus strain will be useful for epidemiological studies.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Enterococcus faecalis Strain Isolated from a Neonatal Blood Sepsis Patient
Authors: Kropp K. A. , Lucid A. , Carroll J. , Belgrudov V. , Walsh P. , Kelly B. , Smith C. , Dickinson P. , O'Driscoll A. , Templeton K. , Ghazal P. , Sleator R. D. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Herein, we report the draft genome sequence of
Enterococcus faecalis
ED-NGS-1009, cultivated from a blood sample taken from a neonatal sepsis patient at the Royal Infirmary in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
The Nonsignaling Extracellular Spacer Domain of Chimeric Antigen Receptors Is Decisive forIn VivoAntitumor Activity
Authors: Hudecek Michael , Sommermeyer Daniel , Kosasih Paula L. , Silva-Benedict Anne , Liu Lingfeng , Rader Christoph , Jensen Michael C. , Riddell Stanley R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe use of synthetic chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) to redirect T cells to recognize tumor provides a powerful new approach to cancer immunotherapy; however, the attributes of CARs that ensure optimal in vivo tumor recognition remain to be defined. Here, we analyze the influence of length and composition of IgG-derived extracellular spacer domains on the function of CARs. Our studies demonstrate that CD19-CARs with a long spacer from IgG4 hinge-CH2-CH3 are functional in vitro but lack antitumor activity in vivo due to interaction between the Fc domain within the spacer and the Fc receptor–bearing myeloid cells, leading to activation-induced T-cell death. We demonstrate that in vivo persistence and antitumor effects of CAR-T cells with a long spacer can be restored by modifying distinct regions in the CH2 domain that are essential for Fc receptor binding. Our studies demonstrate that modifications that abrogate binding to Fc receptors are crucial for CARs in which a long spacer is obligatory for tumor recognition as shown here for a ROR1-specific CAR. These results demonstrate that the length and composition of the extracellular spacer domain that lacks intrinsic signaling function can be decisive in the design of CARs for optimal in vivo activity. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(2); 125–35. ©2014 AACR.
Outcomes of Acute Retrograde Type A Aortic Dissection With an Entry Tear in Descending Aorta
Authors: Kim Joon Bum , Choo Suk Jung , Kim Wan Kee , Kim Ho Jin , Jung Sung-Ho , Chung Cheol Hyun , Lee Jae Won , Song Jae-Kwan 
Published: September 2014

Background—
Optimal management strategy of acute aortic dissection (AD) with retrograde extension from entry tear in the descending aorta into the ascending aorta remains undetermined.

Methods and Results—

Of the 538 patients who were diagnosed as having acute AD from 1999 through 2011, 49 patients (37 men; 52.5±13.1 years) were identified as having entry tear in the descending aorta with retrograde extension of AD into the ascending aorta. Sixteen patients who were clinically stable with thrombosed false lumen in the ascending aorta were treated medically (MED group), whereas 33 patients underwent aortic replacement (SURG group) on an intention-to-treat basis. In the MED group, 1 patient was converted to urgent aortic surgery and 2 patients underwent endovascular stent grafting in the descending aorta during the initial hospitalization. The early (30-day or in-hospital) mortality rates were 0% and 9.1% in the MED and SURG group, respectively (
P
=0.54). Follow-up was complete in all patients (median, 61.4 months; Q1–Q3, 28.2–99.1 months). The 5-year 100% survival rate in the MED group was higher than that in the SURG group (81.2±7.0%;
P
=0.080), in the surgically treated patients with antegrade type A AD (74.5±2.8%;
P
=0.038), and in the patients with type B AD (75.3±3.3%;
P
=0.045). Aortic event–free survival at 5 years was 52.7±14.8% and 69.6±8.0% in the MED and SURG groups, respectively (
P
=0.98).

Conclusions—
Patients with acute retrograde type A AD showed a more favorable prognosis than patients with antegrade AD. In selected patients with retrograde type A AD, excellent outcomes could be achieved with initial medical management combined with timely interventions.
Kelvin Waves around Antarctica
Authors: Kusahara Kazuya , Ohshima Kay I. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Southern Ocean allows circumpolar structure and the Antarctic coastline plays a role as a waveguide for oceanic Kelvin waves. Under the cyclic conditions, the horizontal wavenumbers and frequencies for circumpolarly propagating waves are quantized, with horizontal wavenumbers 1, 2, and 3, corresponding to periods of about 32, 16, and 11 h, respectively. At these frequencies, westward-propagating signals are detected in sea level variation observed at Antarctic coastal stations. The occurrence frequency of westward-propagating signals far exceeds the statistical significance, and the phase speed of the observed signal agrees well with the theoretical phase speed of external Kelvin waves. Therefore, this study concludes that the observed, westward-propagating sea level variability is a signal of the external Kelvin waves of wavenumbers 1, 2, and 3 around Antarctica. A series of numerical model experiments confirms that Kelvin waves around Antarctica are driven by surface air pressure and that these waves are excited not only by local forcing over the Southern Ocean, but also by remote forcing over the Pacific Ocean. Sea level variations generated over the Pacific Ocean can travel to the western side of the South American coast and cross over Drake Passage to the Antarctic continent, constituting a part of the Kelvin waves around Antarctica.
The Effect of Contralateral Submaximal Contraction on the Development of Biceps Brachii Muscle Fatigue
Authors: Zwambag Derek P. , Brown Stephen H. M. 
Published: September 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if a submaximal contraction in the contralateral limb affected the fatigability of the dominant limb. Background: Muscle fatigue is a known risk factor for musculoskeletal injury; however, it is unknown whether a submaximal contraction in the nondominant limb, such as for stabilizing a tool or load, affects the rate of development of fatigue, potentially increasing risk of injury. Current ergonomic assessments of injury risk do not involve consideration of submaximal contralateral demands. It was hypothesized that increased neuromuscular drive and active muscle mass during bilateral contractions would increase fatigability. Method: Twelve males isometrically maintained a 30% unilateral contraction and a 30% dominant + 15% nondominant bilateral contraction until failure on two different collection days, separated by 7 days. Results: No statistically significant differences were found for time to task failure ( p = .6204), decrease in maximal force ( p = .1698), or alterations in electromyography amplitude ( p = .7223) or frequency ( p = .3292) between unilateral and bilateral conditions. Conclusion: The hypothesis that the addition of a lesser submaximal isometric contraction would increase fatigability was rejected. Application: These findings indicate that in ergonomic settings, muscle fatigability can be estimated by the more demanding task and do not need to be complicated by lesser submaximal contractions in the opposing limb.
Optimizing metric access methods for querying and mining complex data types
Authors: de Souza Jessica Andressa , Razente Humberto Luiz , N Barioni Maria Camila 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
There are several application scenarios that can take advantage from the efficient processing of similarity operations in complex data types, such as multimedia data. Among them, it is possible to mention the execution of more complex query types (e.g., similarity queries) and several well-known data mining algorithms (e.g., data clustering) that are directly based on similarity computations. In order to speed up the similarity-based comparisons performed by these approaches, it is possible to store the dataset in specialized data structures known as metric access methods (MAM).

Methods
In this article we present four node split policies that can be employed in the construction of M-tree, the pioneer dynamic MAM, and of Slim-tree, the M-tree successor.

Results
These policies allow faster tree construction, as they result in better distribution of elements on the tree nodes and require less distance calculations when compared with the previously proposed ones. Furthermore, trees built with these policies have shown to be more efficient for techniques that require similarity computations, such as nearest neighbors queries and data clustering algorithms.

Conclusion
The experimental results show that trees built with the proposed policies outperform those built with the original ones with regard to the number of disk accesses, the amount of distance calculations, and the time required to run the queries.
Aging and energetics’ ‘Top 40’ future research opportunities 2010-2013
Authors: Allison David B. , Antoine Lisa H. , Ballinger Scott W. , Bamman Marcas M. , Biga Peggy , Darley-Usmar Victor M. , Fisher Gordon , Gohlke Julia M. , Halade Ganesh V. , Hartman John L. , Hunter Gary R. , Messina Joseph L. , Nagy Tim R. , Plaisance Eric P. , Powell Mickie L. , Roth Kevin A. , Sandel Michael W. , Schwartz Tonia S. , Smith Daniel L. , Sweatt J. David , Tollefsbol Trygve O. , Watts Stephen A. , Yang Yongbin , Zhang Jianhua , Austad Steven N. 
Published: September 2014

Background: As part of a coordinated effort to expand our research activity at the interface of Aging and Energetics a team of investigators at The University of Alabama at Birmingham systematically assayed and catalogued the top research priorities identified in leading publications in that domain, believing the result would be useful to the scientific community at large.Objective: To identify research priorities and opportunities in the domain of aging and energetics as advocated in the 40 most cited papers related to aging and energetics in the last 4 years.Design: The investigators conducted a search for papers on aging and energetics in Scopus, ranked the resulting papers by number of times they were cited, and selected the ten most-cited papers in each of the four years that include 2010 to 2013, inclusive.Results: Ten research categories were identified from the 40 papers. These included: (1) Calorie restriction (CR) longevity response, (2) role of mTOR (mechanistic target of Rapamycin) and related factors in lifespan extension, (3) nutrient effects beyond energy (especially resveratrol, omega-3 fatty acids, and selected amino acids), 4) autophagy and increased longevity and health, (5) aging-associated predictors of chronic disease, (6) use and effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), (7) telomeres relative to aging and energetics, (8) accretion and effects of body fat, (9) the aging heart, and (10) mitochondria, reactive oxygen species, and cellular energetics.Conclusion: The field is rich with exciting opportunities to build upon our existing knowledge about the relations among aspects of aging and aspects of energetics and to better understand the mechanisms which connect them.
Early Exposure to People with Physical and Sensory Disabilities and Later Attitudes Toward Social Interactions and Inclusion
Authors: Lund Emily M. , Seekins Tom 
Published: September 2014

This study assessed the relationship between exposure to classmates with visible impairments in primary and secondary schools with later attitudes toward people with disabilities. Fifty college students (mean age = 20.28 years; 76% female) completed measures assessing the extent and quality of recalled exposure to classmates with disabilities in elementary and secondary school. Attitudes toward social inclusion and toward a hypothetical social interaction were also measured. Participants reported generally high levels and quality of exposure, with significantly more exposure at the secondary level. Quality of exposure at both the elementary and secondary levels was significantly (p < .01) correlated with more positive cognitions (i.e., thoughts) during a hypothetical social interaction. Cognitions were not significantly correlated with emotions or behaviors and amount of elementary exposure was negatively correlated with attitudes to social inclusion (p < .05). These results suggest a possible relation between positive early experiences and later friendship intentions that should be further explored.
Autism: cause factors, early diagnosis and therapies
Authors: Bhat Shreya , Acharya U. Rajendra , Adeli Hojjat , Bairy G. Muralidhar , Adeli Amir 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurobiological disorder characterized by neuropsychological and behavioral deficits. Cognitive impairment, lack of social skills, and stereotyped behavior are the major autistic symptoms, visible after a certain age. It is one of the fastest growing disabilities. Its current prevalence rate in the U.S. estimated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is 1 in 68 births. The genetic and physiological structure of the brain is studied to determine the pathology of autism, but diagnosis of autism at an early age is challenging due to the existing phenotypic and etiological heterogeneity among ASD individuals. Volumetric and neuroimaging techniques are explored to elucidate the neuroanatomy of the ASD brain. Nuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neuroimaging biomarkers can help in the early diagnosis and treatment of ASD. This paper presents a review of the types of autism, etiologies, early detection, and treatment of ASD.
Constrained inference in multiple regression with structural changes
Authors: Chen Fuqi , Nkurunziza Sévérien 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we study an inference problem for the regression
coefficients in some multivariate regression models with multiple
change-points occurring at unknown times, when the regression
coefficients may satisfy some restrictions. The hypothesized
restriction is more general than that given in recent literature.
Under a weaker assumption than that given in recent literature, we
derive the joint asymptotic normality of the restricted and
unrestricted estimators. Finally, we construct a test for the
hypothesized restriction and derive its asymptotic power.
CRISPR/Cas9 Mediates Efficient Conditional Mutagenesis inDrosophila
Authors: Xue Zhaoyu , Wu Menghua , Wen Kejia , Ren Menda , Long Li , Zhang Xuedi , Gao Guanjun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractExisting transgenic RNA interference (RNAi) methods greatly facilitate functional genome studies via controlled silencing of targeted mRNA in Drosophila. Although the RNAi approach is extremely powerful, concerns still linger about its low efficiency. Here, we developed a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated conditional mutagenesis system by combining tissue-specific expression of Cas9 driven by the Gal4/upstream activating site system with various ubiquitously expressed guide RNA transgenes to effectively inactivate gene expression in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. Furthermore, by including multiple guide RNAs in a transgenic vector to target a single gene, we achieved a high degree of gene mutagenesis in specific tissues. The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated conditional mutagenesis system provides a simple and effective tool for gene function analysis, and complements the existing RNAi approach.
The Finnish Five-String Kantele: Sustainably Designed for Musical Joy
Authors: Ruokonen Inkeri , Sepp Anu , Moilanen Venla , Autio Ossi , Ruismaki Heikki 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article discusses the five-string kantele as an example of the Finnish national heritage, a school instrument and an example of sustainable design. A qualitative case study was made by collecting the data from the Finnish students – prospective teachers – and the sixth form pupils, who had designed and carved their own five-string kanteles. The purpose of this research was to find out which aspects of five-string kantele design are considered the most important for sustainable principles and design among these youngsters. As results, the elements and principles of designing the five-string kantele are discussed and its relevance to five sustainable characteristics (creative, ecological, economic, aesthetic and socio-environmental) is presented. The sustainable values of the kantele and the purpose for which it is made are also considered.
The effect of nano-SiO2 on magnetic and dielectric properties of Li–Zn ferrite
Authors: Mahmoudi Mahmoud , Kavanlouei Majid 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Densification, grain growth, magnetic and dielectric properties of sintered Li–Zn ferrite (Li0.3Zn0.4Fe2.3O4) doped with nano silicon dioxide (10 nm) were investigated. The density and microstructural results revealed that increasing the nano-SiO2 content resulted in lower density and higher porosity at sintering temperatures below 1 000 °C, whereas at higher temperatures, this led to higher density and grain growth. In addition, nano-SiO2 content greater than 2 wt.% resulted in more reduction in porosity and had no effect on grain growth. Moreover, the highest density and the maximum induction (B
s = 380 mT) were obtained for the sample containing 2 wt.% nano-SiO2 and sintered at 1 100 °C for 1.5 h, in comparison with undoped samples. Furthermore, the variation of magneto-dielectric properties as a function of frequency were explained according to Koop's theory and electron hopping between the Fe+ 2 and Fe+ 3 ions.
Fauna Europaea: Helminths (Animal Parasitic)
Authors: Gibson David , Bray Rodney , Hunt David , Georgiev Boyko , Scholz Tomaš , Harris Philip , Bakke Tor , Pojmanska Teresa , Niewiadomska Katarzyna , Kostadinova Aneta , Tkach Vasyl , Bain Odile , Durette-Desset Marie-Claude , Gibbons Lynda , Moravec František , Petter Annie , Dimitrova Zlatka , Buchmann Kurt , Valtonen E. , de Jong Yde 
Published: September 2014

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education.
Helminths parasitic in animals represent a large assemblage of worms, representing three phyla, with more than 200 families and almost 4,000 species of parasites from all major vertebrate and many invertebrate groups. A general introduction is given for each of the major groups of parasitic worms, i.e. the Acanthocephala, Monogenea, Trematoda (Aspidogastrea and Digenea), Cestoda and Nematoda. Basic information for each group includes its size, host-range, distribution, morphological features, life-cycle, classification, identification and recent key-works. Tabulations include a complete list of families dealt with, the number of species in each and the name of the specialist responsible for data acquisition, a list of additional specialists who helped with particular groups, and a list of higher taxa dealt with down to the family level. A compilation of useful references is appended.