bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laying the foundations of evolutionary and systematic studies in crickets (Insecta, Orthoptera): a multilocus phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Chintauan‐Marquier Ioana C. , Legendre Frédéric , Hugel Sylvain , Robillard Tony , Grandcolas Philippe , Nel André , Zuccon Dario , Desutter‐Grandcolas Laure 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOrthoptera have been used for decades for numerous evolutionary questions but several of its constituent groups, notably crickets, still suffer from a lack of a robust phylogenetic hypothesis. We propose the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the evolution of crickets sensu lato, based on analysis of 205 species, representing 88% of the subfamilies and 71% tribes currently listed in the database Orthoptera Species File (OSF). We reconstructed parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies using fragments of 18S, 28SA, 28SD, H3, 12S, 16S, and cytb (~3600 bp). Our results support the monophyly of the cricket clade, and its subdivision into two clades: mole crickets and ant‐loving crickets on the one hand, and all the other crickets on the other (i.e. crickets sensu stricto). Crickets sensu stricto form seven monophyletic clades, which support part of the OSF families, “subfamily groups”, or subfamilies: the mole crickets (OSF Gryllotalpidae), the scaly crickets (OSF Mogoplistidae), and the true crickets (OSF Gryllidae) are recovered as monophyletic. Among the 22 sampled subfamilies, only six are monophyletic: Gryllotalpinae, Trigonidiinae, Pteroplistinae, Euscyrtinae, Oecanthinae, and Phaloriinae. Most of the 37 tribes sampled are para‐ or polyphyletic. We propose the best‐supported clades as backbones for future definitions of familial groups, validating some taxonomic hypotheses proposed in the past. These clades fit variously with the morphological characters used today to identify crickets. Our study emphasizes the utility of a classificatory system that accommodates diagnostic characters and monophyletic units of evolution. Moreover, the phylogenetic hypotheses proposed by the present study open new perspectives for further evolutionary research, especially on acoustic communication and biogeography.
A morphological supermatrix‐based phylogeny for the Neotropical fish superfamily Anostomoidea (Ostariophysi: Characiformes): phylogeny, missing data and homoplasy
Authors: Dillman Casey B. , Sidlauskas Brian L. , Vari Richard P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough 11 studies have addressed the systematics of the four families and 281 fish species of the ecomorphologically diverse Anostomoidea, none has proposed a global hypothesis of relationships. We synthesized these studies to yield a supermatrix with 463 morphological characters among 174 ingroup species, and inferred phylogeny with parsimony and Bayesian optimization. We evaluated the applicability of the supermatrix approach to morphological datasets, tested its sensitivity to missing data, determined the impact of homoplastic characters on phylogenetic resolution, and determined the distribution of homologies and homoplasies on the topology. Despite more than 60% missing data, analyses supported the monophyly of all families, and phylogenetic structure degraded only with inclusion of species with high percentages of missing data and in analyses limited to homoplasies. The latter differs modestly from the full matrix indicating phylogenetic signal in homoplastic characters. Character distributions differ across the phylogeny, with a greater prevalence of homologies at deeper nodes and homoplasies nearer the tips than expected by chance. This may suggest early diversification into distinct bauplans with subsequent diversification of faster evolving character systems. The morphological supermatrix approach is powerful and allows integration of classical data with modern methods to examine the evolution of multiple character systems.
Dental implants treatment outcomes in patient under active therapy with alendronate: 3‐year follow‐up results of a multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Tallarico Marco , Canullo Luigi , Xhanari Erta , Meloni Silvio Mario 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the 3‐year clinical and radiographic data of fixed implant‐supported dental prosthesis delivered to patients having taken alendronate 35–70 mg weekly for at least 3 years before implant placement.Materials and MethodsForty consecutive patients treated with oral bisphosphonates and requiring an implant‐supported restoration were recruited in two private centers between January 2008 and December 2011. Implants were inserted through minimally invasive approach under antibacterial and antibiotic treatment, 6 months after alendronate administration stopping. After 4 months of submerged healing, implants underwent prosthetic loading. Hygiene maintenance and clinical assessments were scheduled every 4 months for 3 years. Outcome measures were the following: implant and prosthetic success, survival rates, any observed clinical complications, marginal bone remodeling, probing pocket depth and bleeding‐on‐probing.ResultsAt the end of the study, eight patients dropped out. The final sample size resulted in 32 consecutive partially or fully edentulous patients (32 females; mean age 64.6 years) with 98 submerged implants. In only one patient, maxillary implant failed during healing period. No prosthesis failed during the entire follow‐up, and no major complications were recorded. Implant and prostheses success resulted in an overall survival rate of 98, 98% and 100%, respectively. Three‐year mean marginal bone loss was 1.35 ± 0.21 (CI 95% 1.24–1.38). Successful soft tissue parameters were found around all implants.ConclusionsOral bisphosphonate therapy did not appear to significantly affect implant survival and success in case of accurate treatment time selection, minimally invasive surgical approach and constant follow‐up. Further prospective studies involving larger sample sizes and longer durations of follow‐up are required to confirm these results.
Minimum area requirements for an at‐risk butterfly based on movement and demography
Authors: Brown Leone M. , Crone Elizabeth E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDetermining the minimum area required to sustain populations has a long history in theoretical and conservation biology. Correlative approaches are often used to estimate minimum area requirements (MARs) based on relationships between area and the population size required for persistence or between species’ traits and distribution patterns across landscapes. Mechanistic approaches to estimating MAR facilitate prediction across space and time but are few. We used a mechanistic MAR model to determine the critical minimum patch size (CMP) for the Baltimore checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas phaeton), a locally abundant species in decline along its southern range, and sister to several federally listed species. Our CMP is based on principles of diffusion, where individuals in smaller patches encounter edges and leave with higher probability than those in larger patches, potentially before reproducing. We estimated a CMP for the Baltimore checkerspot of 0.7–1.5 ha, in accordance with trait‐based MAR estimates. The diffusion rate on which we based this CMP was broadly similar when estimated at the landscape scale (comparing flight path vs. capture‐mark‐recapture data), and the estimated population growth rate was consistent with observed site trends. Our mechanistic approach to estimating MAR is appropriate for species whose movement follows a correlated random walk and may be useful where landscape‐scale distributions are difficult to assess, but demographic and movement data are obtainable from a single site or the literature. Just as simple estimates of lambda are often used to assess population viability, the principles of diffusion and CMP could provide a starting place for estimating MAR for conservation.
Prophylactic mesh at end‐colostomy construction reduces parastomal hernia rate: a randomized trial
Authors: Lambrecht J. R. , Larsen S. G. , Reiertsen O. , Vaktskjold A. , Julsrud L. , Flatmark K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimParastomal hernia (PSH) is the most common complication of an end‐colostomy and about one‐quarter of patients need operative repair, which is often unsuccessful. A randomized trial was carried out to compare the results of using mesh or no mesh at the time of formation of a colostomy with the clinical identification of PSH as the primary outcome.MethodIn this two‐centre randomized trial (Oslo University Hospital and Sykehuset Innlandet Hospital Trust, Norway), patients with rectal cancer undergoing open pelvic surgery were randomized to receive a retromuscular synthetic mesh (study group, n = 32) or no mesh (control group, n = 26) at the time of end‐colostomy formation. Postoperative follow up was not blinded and included clinical examination and routine CT.ResultsThe median period of follow up was 40 (range: 84) months. There were no differences in demographic variables or complications between the study and control groups. PSH developed in two patients of the study group and in 12 of the control group [OR = 0.04 (95% CI: 0.01–0.30) and hazard ratio 0.134 (95% CI: 0.030–0.603); P < 0.001]. The number needed to treat to avoid one PSH was 2.5 patients. CT demonstrated an increase over time in the size of the fascial orifice in patients with PSH without mesh prophylaxis, in contrast to a stable size in patients with mesh and in the control patients who did not develop PSH.ConclusionThe retromuscular insertion of synthetic mesh at the time of formation of an end‐colostomy reduced the risk of PSH.
Training techniques in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: a systematic review
Authors: Raque Jessica , Billeter Adrian T. , Lucich Elizabeth , Marvin Michael M. , Sutton Erica 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe learning curve to achieve competency in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is poorly outlined. Online databases were searched for training in LDN. Abstracts and manuscripts were excluded if they did not address introduction of a laparoscopic technique for donor nephrectomy. Relevant manuscripts were reviewed for surgical technique, use of animal models, co‐surgeons, surgeon specialty and training, institution type/volume, and assessment of training method. Forty‐four met inclusion criteria, with 75% describing the evolution from open to LDN. Eighty‐two percent were from academic centers, and 36% were from centers performing <25 donor nephrectomies each year. The learner was an attending surgeon 80% of the time, mostly urologists with prior laparoscopy or open nephrectomy experience. The learning curve, defined by decreased operating time, averaged 35 cases. Improved intra‐operative, patient, and recipient outcomes were observed for centers performing ≥50 LDNs annually. The United Network of Organ Sharing requires 15 cases as surgeon or assistant to be certified as the primary LDN surgeon. This falls below the described learning curve for LDN. The assessment of training and competency for LDN is heterogeneous, and objective learner‐based metrics could help surgeons and institutions reach a quality standard for performing this operation.
Recruiting for addiction research via Facebook
Authors: Thornton Louise K. , Harris Keith , Baker Amanda L. , Johnson Martin , Kay‐Lambkin Frances J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis study aimed to examine the feasibility of recruiting participants to addiction research via Facebook.Design and MethodsParticipants were recruited via an advertisement on Facebook, a local research register and university psychology courses. Participants completed a self‐report survey regarding substance use, history of mental health issues and current psychological distress.ResultsThe 524 participants recruited via Facebook cost $1.86 per participant; and 418 participants were recruited via more traditional methods. There were significantly fewer women in the Facebook sample compared with the non‐Facebook sample (χ2 = 196.61, P < 0.001), but no differences on age. Significantly more Facebook participants reported current use of tobacco (women: Facebook = 57%, non‐Facebook = 21%, χ2 = 39.71, P < 0.001; men: Facebook = 62%, non‐Facebook = 21%, χ2 = 32.429, P < 0.001) and cannabis (women: Facebook = 26%, non‐Facebook = 7%, χ2 = 14.364, P < 0.001; men: Facebook = 46%, non‐Facebook = 24%, χ2 = 6.765, P < 0.01). They also reported significantly more harmful use of tobacco [women: F degrees of freedom (d.f.) = 6.07, P < 0.05; men: F(d.f.) = 9.03, P < 0.01] and cannabis [women: F(d.f.) = 11.00, P < 0.01; men: F(d.f.) = 6.40, P < 0.05]. The Facebook sample contained a higher percentage of high‐severity cannabis users (women: Facebook = 24%, non‐Facebook = 4%, χ2 = 18.12, P < 0.001; men: Facebook = 43%, non‐Facebook = 16%, χ2 = 10.00, P < 0.01) and reported significantly more severe depressive symptoms [women: F(d.f.) = 26.38, P < 0.001; men: F(d.f.) = 7.44, P < 0.05].Discussion and ConclusionsThrough Facebook, we were able to capture a greater proportion of people with high‐severity substance use and mental health issues and were able to capture a greater and more severe range of substance use behaviours. This suggests social networking sites are efficient, cost‐effective ways to recruit large numbers of participants, with relevant behaviours and conditions, to addiction research. [Thornton LK, Harris K, Baker AL, Johnson M, Kay‐Lambkin FJ. Recruiting for addiction research via Facebook. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:494–502]
Predicting perceived safety to drive the morning after drinking: The importance of hangover symptoms
Authors: Cameron Elaine , French David P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPeople driving the day after drinking are at risk of impaired performance and accidents due to continued intoxication or the effects of alcohol hangover. Drivers are poor at estimating their own blood alcohol concentration, and some drive despite believing they are over the legal limit. It is therefore important to identify other factors influencing perceived ability to drive ‘the morning after’. This study tested how accurately participants estimated their legal driving status, and the contribution of beliefs and hangover symptoms to the prediction of perceived driving safety.Design and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 193 students completing a questionnaire and alcohol breath test the morning after heavy alcohol consumption. Indicators of subjective intoxication, severity of hangover symptoms, estimated legal status and perceived safety to drive were measured. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted.ResultsNo participants thought they were under the English legal limit when they were not, and 47% thought they were over the limit when they were in fact legally permissible to drive. However, 20% of those believing they were over the limit nevertheless rated themselves as safe to drive. Hangover symptoms added 17% variance to the prediction of perceived safety to drive, over and above objective and subjective measures of intoxication.Discussion and ConclusionsPerceived severity of hangover symptoms influence beliefs about driving ability: When judging safety to drive, people experiencing less severe symptoms believe they are less impaired. If this finding is robust, health promotion campaigns should aim to correct this misapprehension. [Cameron E, French D. Predicting perceived safety to drive the morning after drinking: The importance of hangover symptoms. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:442–446]
Gastroesophageal reflux disease after peroral endoscopic myotomy: Analysis of clinical, procedural and functional factors, associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophagitis
Authors: Familiari Pietro , Greco Santi , Gigante Giovanni , Calì Anna , Boškoski Ivo , Onder Graziano , Perri Vincenzo , Costamagna Guido 
Published: July 2015

Background and AimPeroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) does not include any antireflux procedure, resulting in a certain risk of iatrogenic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of iatrogenic GERD after POEM and identify preoperative, perioperative and postoperative factors associated with GERD.MethodsAll patients treated at a single center who had a complete GERD evaluation after POEM were included in the study. Demographics, preoperative and follow‐up data, results of functional studies and procedural data were collected and analyzed.ResultsA total of 103 patients (mean age 46.6 years, 47 males) were included. Postoperative altered esophageal acid exposure was attested in 52 patients (50.5%). A total of 19 patients (18.4%) had heartburn and 21 had esophagitis (20.4%). Overall, a clinically relevant GERD (altered esophageal acid exposure, associated with heartburn and/or esophagitis) was diagnosed in 30 patients (29.1%).Correlation between the severity of esophageal acid exposure with heartburn and esophagitis after POEM was found. Patients with heartburn had a lower postoperative 4‐second integrated relaxation pressure compared to patients without symptoms (7.6 ± 3.8 mmHg vs 10.01 ± 4.4 mmHg, p<0.05). No correlations were identified with patient sex, age, postoperative body mass index, esophageal shape (sigmoid vs non sigmoid), lower esophageal sphincter pressure, length of myotomy, previous therapies and type of achalasia at high‐resolution manometry.ConclusionsPreoperative, perioperative or postoperative factors minimally correlated with GERD after POEM. Clinically relevant GERD was identified in less than one‐third of patients, but all patients were well controlled with medical therapy.
The histopathology of polymicrogyria: a series of 71 brain autopsy studies
Authors: Jansen Anna C , Robitaille Yves , Honavar Mrinalini , Mullatti Nandini , Leventer Richard J , Andermann Eva , Andermann Frederick , Squier Waney 
Published: July 2015

AimPolymicrogyria (PMG) is one of the most common forms of cortical malformation yet the mechanism of its development remains unknown. This study describes the histopathological aspects of PMG in a large series including a significant proportion of fetal cases.MethodWe have reviewed the neuropathology and medical records of 44 fetuses and 27 children and adults in whom the cortical architecture was focally or diffusely replaced by one or more festooning bands of neurons.ResultsThe pial surface of the brain overlying the polymicrogyric cortex was abnormal in almost 90% of cases irrespective of the aetiology. This accords with animal studies indicating the importance of the leptomeninges in cortical development. The aetiology of PMG was highly heterogeneous and there was no correlation between cortical layering patterns and aetiology. PMG was almost always associated with other brain malformations.InterpretationThe inclusion of many fetal cases has allowed us to examine the early developmental stages of PMG. The study indicates the significance of surface signals responsible for human corticogenesis and the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors leading to this common endpoint of cortical maldevelopment.
Translation of the Diabetes Prevention Program for diabetes risk reduction in Chinese immigrants in New York City
Authors: Yeh M.‐C. , Heo M. , Suchday S. , Wong A. , Poon E. , Liu G. , Wylie‐Rosett J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of implementing a linguistically and culturally tailored Diabetes Prevention Program among Chinese immigrants with prediabetes living in New York City.MethodsA total of 60 Chinese immigrants with prediabetes were randomized into either a Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention (n = 30) consisting of 12 bi‐weekly core sessions and six monthly post‐core sessions or the control intervention (n = 30), consisting of quarterly mailing of diabetes prevention information. Each Diabetes Prevention Program intervention session lasted 1.5–2 h and covered topics such as healthy eating, physical activity, stress reduction and problem‐solving skills. Outcomes such as percent change in weight, BMI, and HbA1c concentration were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. A mixed‐effects linear regression was applied to test the intervention effect at months 6 and 12. Data were collected in the period 2012–2013 and analysed in 2014.ResultsThe participant attrition rate was < 5% (2 out of 60) at 12 months. There was a significantly greater percent weight loss in the intervention group (−3.5 vs. −0.1%; P = 0.0001) at 6 months, which was largely maintained at 12 months (−3.3 vs. 0.3%; P = 0.0003).ConclusionsParticipants in a Diabetes Prevention Program‐based intervention achieved greater weight loss and improvements in HbA1c concentration than control participants. Evaluation of the Chinese Diabetes Prevention Program curriculum in a larger trial is warranted.
Low levels of C‐peptide have clinical significance for established Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kuhtreiber W. M. , Washer S. L. L. , Hsu E. , Zhao M. , Reinhold P. , Burger D. , Zheng H. , Faustman D. L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo determine whether the low C‐peptide levels (< 50 pmol/l) produced by the pancreas for decades after onset of Type 1 diabetes have clinical significance.MethodsWe evaluated fasting C‐peptide levels, duration of disease and age of onset in a large cross‐sectional series (n = 1272) of people with Type 1 diabetes. We then expanded the scope of the study to include the relationship between C‐peptide and HbA1c control (n = 1273), as well as diabetic complications (n = 324) and presence of hypoglycaemia (n = 323). The full range of C‐peptide levels was also compared with 1,5‐Anhydroglucitol, a glucose responsive marker.ResultsC‐peptide levels declined for decades after diagnosis, and the rate of decline was significantly related to age of onset (P < 0.0001), after adjusting for disease duration. C‐peptide levels > 10 pmol/l were associated with protection from complications (e.g. nephropathy, neuropathy, foot ulcers and retinopathy; P = 0.03). Low C‐peptide levels were associated with poor metabolic control measured by HbA1c (P < 0.0001). Severe hypoglycaemia was associated with the lowest C‐peptide levels compared with mild (P = 0.049) or moderate (P = 0.04) hypoglycaemia. All levels of measurable C‐peptide were responsive to acute fluctuations in blood glucose levels as assessed by 1,5‐Anhydroglucitol (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsLow C‐peptide levels have clinical significance and appear helpful in characterizing groups at‐risk for faster C‐peptide decline, complications, poorer metabolic control and severe hypoglycaemia. Low C‐peptide levels may be a biomarker for characterizing at‐risk patients with Type 1 diabetes.