bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Usefulness of the Hexascan
Authors: MCDANIEL DAVID H. 
Published: June 2013

background. The Hexascan is an automated scanning laser handpiece originally developed to treat port‐wine stains. It can be adapted to operate with most continuous wave laser systems delivering a variety of visible wavelengths.objective. To review the use of Hexascan with 585‐nm yellow dye laser light for cutaneous vascular disorders and 514‐nm green argon light for benign cutaneous melanocytic disorders.methods. The current clinical results, treatment parameters, indications, limitations, and complications of these procedures are discussed in a review format. In addition, a new clinical study of benign lentigines treated with green laser light is presented.results. Most benign lentigines showed considerable lightening or complete disappearance after one or two treatments. Other melanocytic disorders may also respond. Deep dermal lesions such as Nevus of Ota may be totally unresponsive. Both vascular malformations such as port‐wine stains and hemangiomas are also treatable.conclusion. The Hexascan device attached to a continuous wave tunable dye laser can successfully treat a wide variety of cutaneous vascular and melanocytic disorders in both infants and adults.
Clinical Efficacy of the Pulsed Dye Laser in the Treatment of Vascular Lesions
Authors: GARDEN JEROME M. , BAKUS ABNOEAL D. 
Published: June 2013

background. Increasing the selectivity of laser‐induced damage is an ongoing goal for the laser treatment of cutaneous lesions. The flashlamp‐pumped pulsed dye laser has significantly participated and advanced this pursuit. This is especially true in its use for the treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions.objective. A review of the development and current use of this laser for the treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions will be presented.methods. The laser has been designed to limit laser energy absorption and damage to hemoglobin and the blood vessel. This has been done by setting the wavelength at 577 to 585 nm and the pulse duration at 360 to 450 μseconds.results. The therapeutic results have been beneficial for almost all types of superficial small vessel vascular lesions regardless of lesional anatomic site or patient age. These lesions include port‐wine stains, telangiectasia, capillary hemangioma, and other angiomata and vascular ectasia. Deeper cutaneous vascular processes and lower extremity telangiectases have proven to be less responsive to therapy. The increased vascular selectivity has allowed for a dramatic decrease in adverse effects when compared to previously used laser systems.conclusion. Based on many thousands of treatment sessions and follow‐up evaluation, the pulsed dye laser appears to have the greatest margin of safety in the treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions, especially for the pediatric population.
510‐nm Pigmented Lesion Dye Laser
Authors: GREKIN ROY C. , SHELTON RON M. , GEISSE JOHN K. , FRIEDEN ILONA 
Published: June 2013

background. Benign pigmented lesions are of a cosmetic concern to many individuals. Numerous treatments exist, including several types of lasers. The Candela 510 nm pigmented lesion dye laser has recently been added to this armamentarium. It is designed specifically for the treatment of superficial pigmented lesions while significantly decreasing the risk of scarring and prolonged hypopigmentation.nobjectives. To describe the characteristics of the Candela pigmented lesion dye laser and report on the therapeutic outcome of patients treated for actinic lentigines, café‐aulait macules, melasma and red tattoos by one of the authors (RCG).methods. The Candela 510 nm pigmented lesion dye laser was used to treat solar lentigines, café‐au‐lait macules, melasma and red tattoo.results. Excellent outcomes resulted on facial and hand lentigines (89% and 88% of patients had greater than 75% clearing, respectively), but often required more than one treatment. Lentigines located on the upper extremities and trunk improved less dramatically. Immediate greying occurred universally. Bruising was often noted. Treatment failures have been observed especially in treating lentigines located on the lower extremities. Café‐au‐lait macules responded inconsistently, with facial lesions giving the best results. Melasma responded poorly, often with hyperpigmentation. Three red tattoos cleared. Treatment failure may be related to inaccurate clinical assessment of pigment depth or regrowth of the lesion. Several cases are presented to demonstrate clinical and histologic effects of the laser.conclusion. The Candela 510‐nm pigmented lesion dye laser is an effective treatment for superficial pigmented lesions. Its associated morbidity is minimal.
A Three‐Step Systematic Incisional‐Slit Minigrafting Approach
Authors: BRANDY DOMINIC A. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Over the past decade, minigrafting has become the cornerstone of effective hair transplantation because the “corn row” appearance commonly seen with larger grafts occurs infrequently with smaller grafts. However, there still has not appeared in the literature a sequential, systematic approach that yields consistently good results. This article offers an organized blueprint that not only has given predictable and excellent results, but has expedited the minigraft procedure.OBJECTIVE. To present a three‐step incisional‐slit minigrafting approach.RESULTS. The method described gives excellent aesthetic results and expedites the procedure.
Melanoma Update Second Primary Melanoma
Authors: FRANK WILLIAM , ROGERS GARY S. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Second primary melanoma is not a rare phenomenon. It occurs in at least 3 to 6% of melanoma patients and up to a third of individuals from melanoma‐prone families.OBJECTIVE. To review the clinical and histologic features of multiple primary melanoma. A schema for follow‐up of these patients is presented.CONCLUSIONS. As the incidence of melanoma continues to rise, we will be faced with an ever increasing number of patients who have survived their tumor. These patients are at risk for subsequent melanomas. This article reviews the literature regarding multiple primary melanoma, and discusses patient management.
A Microbiologic Study of Diluted Sclerotherapy Solutions
Authors: SADICK NEIL S. , FARBER BRUCE 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. As sclerotherapy has become more of an exact science it has become appropriate to dilute various sclerosing solutions to produce the least concentration of sclerosant producing effective endosclerosis of a given vessel diameter—the minimal sclerosant concentration.OBJECTIVE. In this setting it has become necessary to take into account various microbiologic considerations. Contamination of infusates is the most common cause of epidemic device‐related bloodstream infections. With these considerations in mind, the following study was undertaken to determine the bacterial and fungal content of varied concentrations of four commonly employed sclerotherapy agents.METHODS. Dilutions were made of hypertonic saline 23.4% to 11.7% with both bacteriostatic water and 0.9% normal saline, Polidocanol 0.5% to 0.25% with bacteriostatic water, sodium tetradecyl sulfate 1.0% to 0.5% with bacteriostatic water, and polyiodide iodide 2% to 1% with bacteriostatic water under sterile conditions. Each sclerosant was analyzed for bacterial, fungal, and spore content at determined time intervals with standardized utilization indices for up to 3 months.RESULTS. At each sclerosant concentration for sodium chloride, polidocanol, sodium tetradechol sulfate, and polyiodide iodide at each study design time interval for sampling all bacterial and fungal cultures remained sterile.CONCLUSIONS. With appropriate aseptic techniques we may dilute sclerosing solutions to desired concentrations that will remain sterile for a period of at least 3 months under daily usage conditions.
Stab Avulsion of the Short Saphenous Vein Technique and Duplex Evaluation
Authors: GEORGIEV MIHAEL , RICCI STEFANO , CARBONE DOMENICO , ANTIGNANI PIERLUIGI , MOLITERNO CLAUDIO 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Stab avulsion, largely employed for removal of superficial collateral varicosities, is generally considered unsuited for surgical removal of the varicose short saphenous vein.OBJECTIVE. To describe the technique of stab avulsion of the short saphenous vein and objectively validate it by demonstrating the exact site of short saphenous vein division in the popliteal fossa.METHODS. Postoperative duplex scan of popliteal fossa in 18 limbs, 3.5 months after stab avulsion of the short saphenous vein.RESULTS. No short saphenous vein stump in 4 limbs (22%). An average 1.7‐cm (range 1 to 4 cm) stump in the remaining 14 limbs.CONCLUSIONS. High (not flush) ligation of the standard short saphenous vein, considered adequate by experts who practice traditional (open field) surgery, can also be achieved by stab avulsion without a large incision, and dissection in the popliteal fossa. The stab avulsion technique is therefore adequate for removal of the standard short saphenous vein. However, because of the short‐term follow‐up of this study, in which cases high ligation is as efficacious as flush ligation cannot be indicated.
Factors affecting front line staff acceptance of telehealth technologies: a mixed‐method systematic review
Authors: Brewster Liz , Mountain Gail , Wessels Bridgette , Kelly Ciara , Hawley Mark 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo synthesize qualitative and quantitative evidence of front‐line staff acceptance of the use of telehealth technologies for the management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Heart Failure.BackgroundThe implementation of telehealth at scale is a governmental priority in countries including the UK, USA and Canada, but little research has been conducted to analyse the impact of implementation on front‐line nursing staff.Data sourcesSix relevant data bases were searched between 2000–2012.DesignMixed‐method systematic review including all study designs.Review methodsCentre for Reviews and Dissemination approach with thematic analysis and narrative synthesis of results.ResultsFourteen studies met the review inclusion criteria; 2 quantitative surveys, 2 mixed‐method studies and 10 using qualitative methods, including focus groups, interviews, document analysis and observations. Identified factors affecting staff acceptance centred on the negative impact of service change, staff–patient interaction, credibility and autonomy, and technical issues. Studies often contrasted staff and patient perspectives, and data about staff acceptance were collected as part of a wider study, rather than being the focus of data collection, meaning data about staff acceptance were limited.ConclusionIf telehealth is to be implemented, studies indicate that the lack of acceptance of this new way of working may be a key barrier. However, recommendations have not moved beyond barrier identification to recognizing solutions that might be implemented by front‐line staff. Such solutions are imperative if future roll‐out of telehealth technologies is to be successfully achieved.
Predicting electoral activism among gays and lesbians in the United States
Authors: Swank Eric , Fahs Breanne 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlthough battles over gay and lesbian rights have appeared prominently in political arenas, scholars have created few empirical studies on gay and lesbian activism. To address this absence, this quantitative study identified factors that inspired greater electoral engagement among gays and lesbians in the United States (n = 285). After integrating “resource,” “mobilizing,” and “framing” variables into regressions, this study found that electoral activism was inspired by many sorts of motivators. In sum, activist tendencies were swayed by educational levels, perceptions of political potency, a desire to conceal sexual orientations, surviving hate crimes, and joining certain political groups. Interestingly, this study supported “new social movement” theories that downplay economic factors as predictors of involvement in gay and lesbian rights campaigns.
The hostile‐world scenario among Israeli homosexual adolescents and young adults
Authors: Shenkman Geva , Shmotkin Dov 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study identified relevant themes within the hostile‐world scenario (HWS) concept among lesbian and gay adolescents and young adults. The HWS refers to an image of major threats to one's physical and mental integrity, and thus presents a meaningful structure of stressors that may be particularly aggravated among stigmatized minorities. An Israeli sample of 219 homosexuals (136 men, 83 women; mean age 20.9) was compared with 219 matched heterosexuals. Results showed gays and lesbians as more concerned with HWS themes of victimization (by crime and discrimination), lack of social and family support, poor health condition, disrupted relationships, and aging. This study specifies ingredients of vulnerability among homosexuals in face of challenging life conditions.
Time and space in biogeography: response to Parenti & Ebach (2013)
Authors: de Bruyn Mark , Stelbrink Björn , Page Timothy J. , Phillips Matthew J. , Lohman David J. , Albrecht Christian , Hall Robert , von Rintelen Kristina , Ng Peter K.L. , Shih Hsi‐Te , Carvalho Gary R. , von Rintelen Thomas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA recent Guest Editorial by Parenti & Ebach (2013, Journal of Biogeography, 40, 813–820) disagrees with the methods or interpretations in two of our recent papers. In addition, the authors open a debate on biogeographical concepts, and present an alternative philosophy for biogeographical research in the context of their recently described biogeographical subregion called ‘Pandora’. We disagree with their approach and conclusions, and comment on several issues related to our differing conceptual approaches for biogeographical research; namely, our use of molecular phylogenetic analyses, including time estimates; and Parenti & Ebach's reliance on taxon/general area cladograms. Finally, we re‐examine their ‘tests’ supporting the existence of ‘Pandora’.
Behavior of Vegetative Cells and Spores of Bacillus cereus in Two Food Systems
Authors: Desai Shivalingsarj Vijaykumar , Varadaraj Mandyam Chakravarthy 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe survival and growth of vegetative cells and spores of toxigenic Bacillus cereus CFR 1534 was investigated in a dehydrated (dry mix) blend of flour (roasted finger millet and Bengal gram) and chocolate milk. In the case of dry mix, there was a marginal initial increase of 2 logs in 2 days of storage at 20 and 30C, respectively. In chocolate milk, there was an increase of 1 log with certain inoculum levels introduced and storage temperatures. The survival pattern of vegetative cells/spores was primarily influenced by the initial numbers and, to a slight extent, by the water activity of food matrices. Although stored samples were negative for toxigenic trait of phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C in polymerase chain reaction, associated lecithinase activity was detected in plate assay. Response surface plots for vegetative cells and spores of B. cereus CFR 1534 did indicate the potential risk associated with post‐processing contamination of B. cereus.Practical ApplicationsThe ability of vegetative cells and spores of a toxigenic culture of Bacillus cereus to survive and grow in two food matrices was studied. Often, the bacterial species tend to remain in the product and increase in their numbers in a slow paced manner. The product with no visual changes, but harbors viable population of toxigenic Bacillus cereus can be of serious public health concern. The understanding of product profile would be of help in assessing the probable risk factors that could be associated with opportunistic foodborne pathogen like B. cereus in the food chain establishment.
Micronutrient malnutrition profile of infants in South India
Authors: Amrutha Veena K. , Kowsalya S. , Kothandapani S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of infants in Ramanathapuram district of Tamilnadu.MethodsThe present study comprised a community‐based cross‐sectional study conducted in seven taluks of the Ramanathapuram district. A total of 2800 infants (<1 year of age) comprising of 1400 male and 1400 female infants were selected from all the seven taluks of the Ramanathapuram district at random. Anthropometric parameters such as weight, crown heel length, head circumference, arm circumference and chest circumference were measured using standardised procedures. Clinical examinations for the manifestation of micronutrient deficiency signs were performed. Biochemical estimations of serum haemoglobin, vitamin A and urinary iodine were estimated for 5% of the infants.ResultsLow birth weight was obeserved among 33.5% of the infants, with 1.6% weighing <1500 g. Being underweight (35.4%), stunting (29.6%) and wasting (18.9%) were also obeserved among the infants. Different forms of clinical signs and symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies were obeserved among 21.3% and 27.4% of the male and female infants. Subclinical deficiency of haemoglobin, vitamin A and iodine were obeserved among 67.1%, 52.1% and 32.9% of the infants, respectively.ConclusionsMicronutrient deficiencies pertaining to the ‘Big 3’, namely vitamin A deficiency, iodine deficiency disorders and iron deficiency anaemia are still common among the infants of Ramanathapuram district, leading to the need for effective intervention measures.
The Blue Water Footprint of Primary Copper Production in Northern Chile
Authors: Peña Claudia A. , Huijbregts Mark A. J. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryWater consumption related to the life cycle of metals is seldom reported, even though mines are often situated in very dry regions. In this study we quantified the life cycle consumption of groundwater and fresh surface water (blue water footprint [WFblue]) for the extraction and production of high‐grade copper refined from both a copper sulfide ore and a copper oxide ore in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. Where possible, we used company‐specific data.The processes for extracting copper from the two types of ore are quite different from each other, and the WFblue of the sulfide ore refining process is 2.4 times higher than that of the oxide ore refining process (i.e., 96 cubic meters per metric ton [tonne] of copper versus 40 cubic meters per tonne of copper). Most of the water consumption (59% of WFblue) in the sulfide ore process occurred at the concentrator plant, via seepage, accumulation, and also by evaporation. In the oxide ore process, the main user of water is the heap‐leaching process, with 45% of WFblue. The crushing and agglomeration operations, electrowinning cells, and solution pools are also significant contributors to the total consumption of water in the oxide ore process. Most of the water consumed in the oxide ore process was lost to evaporation.The WFblue of the oxide ore process can be reduced by preventing water evaporation and using more sophisticated devices during irrigation of the leaching heaps. The WFblue of the sulfide ore refining process can be reduced by improving water recovery (i.e., reducing seepage, accumulation, and evaporation) from the tailings dam at the concentrator plant. Using seawater in the production of copper is also a promising option to reduce the WFblue by up to 62%.
Graduating nursing students' basic competence in intensive and critical care nursing
Authors: Lakanmaa Riitta‐Liisa , Suominen Tarja , Perttilä Juha , Ritmala‐Castrèn Marita , Vahlberg Tero , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: June 2013

Aims and objectivesTo describe and evaluate the basic competence of graduating nursing students in intensive and critical care nursing.BackgroundIntensive and critical care nursing is focused on severely ill patients who benefit from the attention of skilled personnel. More intensive and critical care nurses are needed in Europe. Critical care nursing education is generally postqualification education that builds upon initial generalist nursing education. However, in Europe, new graduates practise in intensive care units. Empirical research on nursing students' competence in intensive and critical care nursing is scarce.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsA basic competence scale (Intensive and Critical Care Nursing Competence Scale, version 1) and a knowledge test (Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool, version 7) were employed among graduating nursing students (n = 139).ResultsSixty‐nine per cent of the students self‐rated their basic competence as good. No association between self‐assessed Intensive and Critical Care Nursing‐1 and the results of the Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool‐7 was found. The strongest factor explaining the students' conception of their competence was their experience of autonomy in nursing after graduation.ConclusionThe students seem to trust their basic competence as they approach graduation. However, a knowledge test or other objective method of evaluation should be used together with a competence scale based on self‐evaluation.Relevance to clinical practiceIn nursing education and in clinical practice, for example, during orientation programmes, it is important not only to teach broad basic skills and knowledge of intensive and critical care nursing, but also to develop self‐evaluation skills through the use of special instruments constructed for this purpose.
Development of a New Model System to Study Microbial Colonization on Dentures
Authors: Wu Tingxi , Hu Wei , Guo Lihong , Finnegan Marybeth , Bradshaw David J. , Webster Paul , Loewy Zvi G. , Zhou Xuedong , Shi Wenyuan , Lux Renate 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPurposeDentures are often colonized with a variety of microorganisms, including Candida albicans, that contribute to denture stomatitis. Several in vitro models have been previously established to study denture‐related microbial colonization and evaluate treatment efficacy of denture cleansers; however, those models typically fail to appreciate the complex topology and heterogeneity of denture surfaces and lack effective ways to accurately measure microbial colonization. The purpose of this study was to study microbial colonization with a new model system based on real dentures, to more realistically mimic in vivo conditions.Materials and MethodsScanning electron microscopy was used to observe topological structures among surfaces from different parts of the denture. Employing C. albicans as a model microorganism, we established microbial colonization on different denture surfaces. Moreover, we applied a modified MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay to quantify C. albicans colonization on dentures without the necessity of biofilm removal and to evaluate treatment efficacy of denture cleansers.ResultsThere were significant variations in topological structures among surfaces from different parts of the denture, with the unpolished side having the highest amounts of indentations and pores. The distinct denture surfaces support microbial colonization differently, with the unpolished side containing the highest level of microbial colonization and biofilm formation. Furthermore, the modified MTT colorimetric assay proved to be an accurate assay to measure biofilm formation on dentures and evaluate treatment efficacy of denture cleansers.ConclusionThis new denture model system in conjunction with the MTT colorimetric assay is a valuable tool to study denture‐related microbiology and treatment approaches.