bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical audit examining the impact of benzalkonium chloride‐free anti‐glaucoma medications on patients with symptoms of ocular surface disease
Authors: Goldberg Ivan , Graham Stuart L , Crowston Jonathan G , d'Mellow Guy ,   Australian and New Zealand Glaucoma Interest Group
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundOcular surface disease (OSD) is relatively common in glaucoma patients. OSD symptoms could be linked to prolonged exposure to preservatives in anti‐glaucoma medications, especially benzalkonium chloride (BAK). The OBSERVE clinical audit was designed to track the impact of intraocular pressure lowering medications in patients with evidence of OSD to test the hypothesis that BAK‐free anti‐glaucoma preparations offer clinical advantages over BAK‐containing products.DesignProspective clinical audit from March 2012 to April 2013, open to ophthalmologists practising in Australia.ParticipantsThere were 375 patients enrolled, with a completion rate of 64%. The cohort was predominantly female (68%) with an average age of 71 years.MethodsPatients were screened for inclusion during a routine consultation. If eligible, they were enrolled. At the ophthalmologist's discretion, some patients were switched to BAK‐free anti‐glaucoma products. Data were collected via an online survey completed by the ophthalmologist during three appointments over a 16‐ to 30‐week period for all patients.Main Outcome MeasuresIntraocular pressure, tear‐film breakup time, McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire score and reported lubricant use.ResultsPatients who switched to BAK‐free preparations reported a significant fall in the use of lubricants (P = <0.001). Patients in both groups experienced a significant improvement in McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire score (P = <0.0001). The percentage of patients with low tear‐film breakup time decreased significantly in both groups (P = 0.0001). There was no significant change in intraocular pressure from pre‐study levels for either group (P = 0.105).ConclusionsBAK‐free anti‐glaucoma preparations were associated with a change in lubricant use, suggesting reduction in some OSD symptoms, but more research is needed.
The NobelGuide® All‐on‐4® Treatment Concept for Rehabilitation of Edentulous Jaws: A Prospective Report on Medium‐ and Long‐Term Outcomes
Authors: Lopes Armando , Maló Paulo , de Araújo Nobre Miguel , Sanchez‐Fernández Elena 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for long‐term studies on complete edentulous flapless rehabilitations.PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of the rehabilitation of completely edentulous jaws for immediate function with the All‐on‐4® treatment concept using a computer‐guided surgical protocol (NobelGuide®, Nobel Biocare, Göteborg, Sweden).Materials and MethodsThis prospective clinical study included 23 totally edentulous patients rehabilitated between February 2005 and May 2006 with 92 implants with the All‐on‐4 treatment concept using NobelGuide. Outcome measures were implant survival, marginal bone loss at 1, 3, and 5 years, and the incidence of mechanical and biological complications. Survival was calculated using life‐table analysis.ResultsTwo dropouts occurred. The cumulative implant survival rate was 96.6% at 5 years of follow‐up. Prosthetic survival was 100%. The average marginal bone loss was 1.7 mm (standard deviation 1.4 mm) at 1 year, 1.7 mm (standard deviation 0.9 mm) at 3 years, and 1.9 mm (standard deviation 1.1 mm) at 5 years. Seven patients experienced fracture of the definitive prosthesis (6 patients were heavy bruxers), and abutment screw loosening occurred in 2 patients. Two implants in 2 patients showed peri‐implant pathology.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, it is possible to conclude that this treatment modality for completely edentulous jaws is safe and predictable with good long‐term outcomes.
Prosthetic Survival and Complication Rate of Single Implant Treatment in the Periodontally Healthy Patient after 16 to 22 Years of Follow‐Up
Authors: Dierens Melissa , De Bruyn Hugo , Kisch Jenö , Nilner Krister , Cosyn Jan , Vandeweghe Stefan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundSingle implants were introduced in the 1980s, but long‐term follow‐up is scarce.PurposeThe study aims to retrospectively investigate the prosthetic survival and complication rates of single implants in periodontally healthy patients after 16–22 years, and to evaluate the influence of different prosthetic procedures.Materials and MethodsPatients with a single implant were recalled for clinical examination. Prosthetic procedures included single‐tooth (ST) and CeraOne (CO) abutments supporting a porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal (PFM), all‐ceramic (CER), or gold‐acrylic (ACR) crown. Prosthetic survival, success, and occurrence of biological, technical, and aesthetic complications were obtained. Procedures were compared by log‐rank tests.ResultsFifty patients attended the examination. All implants were functional; however, 15% of abutments and 27% of crowns had been renewed. Replacements (1/4) were related to technical issues whereas the main cause was aesthetics. The abutment cumulative survival rate (CSR) differed significantly between ST‐PFM (74%), ST‐ACR (0%), and CO reconstructions (97%). The crown CSR was significantly lower for ST‐ACR crowns (0%) compared with ST‐PFM (68%) and CO (81%). Thirty‐nine percent of implants remained complication free throughout the mean 18.5 years. Complications (1/3) required component replacement, and 53% occurred within 5 years after surgery.ConclusionProsthetic survival rates of single implants are encouraging after 16 to 22 years. However, 66% of the patients encountered at least one complication during follow‐up.
Bacterial Composition at the Implant‐Abutment Connection under Loading in vivo
Authors: Romanos Georgios E. , Biltucci Mary Therese , Kokaras Alexis , Paster Bruce J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposePlatform‐switched implants have been demonstrated to prevent bone loss after loading. The present study evaluated bacterial composition of sites from implant‐abutment connections of immediately loaded implants, which were placed in the anterior mandible. Ten patients participated in this study.Materials and MethodsA and B implant systems with two different prosthetic connections (Morse tapered vs internal polygonal butt‐joint connections, respectively) were placed and loaded for 2 years. The abutments were removed (AB sample) after careful decontamination. Bacterial sampling of the abutments, inner part of the implants (before/visit 1 and after rinsing with chlorhexidine [CHX]/visit 2), and after new abutment connection and loading for 1 additional month, a new sampling (visit 3) was taken to compare the bacteria composition in association with the two connections. Bacterial profiles of samples were determined by using the human oral microbe identification microarray.ResultsA total of 240 samples were analyzed taken at different time intervals. Nonparametric statistical analysis (Wilcoxon Rank sum) with uncorrected alpha (p < .05) and after corrections (Benjamini‐Hochberg) found no statistical significance between the two connections. No significant changes in the overall microbial profiles were detected at the different time intervals. However, there were trends toward presence of periodontitis‐associated species at the B implants in all samples (AB, visit 1, even after CHX irrigation) and after decontamination, abutment replacement, and 1‐month loading period.ConclusionsCHX irrigation does not seem to have any effect on decontamination of connections. As shown previously, there is significantly more bone loss around B implants compared with A implants. Although there was no statistical difference in the microbial profiles, there was indeed a trend for the presence of typical periodontal pathogens associated with the internal polygonal butt‐joint connection. A possible scenario is that this connection tends to harbor the pathogens that may be involved in subsequent bone loss.
Single Restorations in the Resorbed Posterior Mandible Supported by 6‐mm Implants: A 1‐Year Prospective Case Series Study
Authors: Guljé Felix L , Raghoebar Gerry M , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny JA 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this prospective case series study was to assess the clinical performance of single restorations in the posterior mandible supported by 6‐mm implants.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one consecutive patients with one or more missing premolars or molars in the posterior mandible and with an estimated bone height of 8 mm between the top of the ridge and alveolar nerve were included. Each patient was to receive one or more 6‐mm implants (OsseoSpeed 4.0 S, Astra Tech Implant System, Dentsply Implants, Mölndal, Sweden) without any grafting. After a 3‐month osseointegration period, the implants were restored with custom‐made titanium abutments (Atlantis abutment, Dentsply Implants) and cemented zirconia‐based porcelain crowns. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at placement of the restoration and 12 months thereafter. Next to this, patients' satisfaction was scored before treatment and after 12 months with the restoration in function.ResultsImplant survival was 100%. From loading to the 12‐month follow‐up, mean marginal bone loss was 0.14 mm (SD: 0.4). Mean scores for plaque, calculus, gingiva, bleeding, and pocket probing depth were low. Patients' satisfaction was high.ConclusionOne‐year follow‐up data revealed that 6‐mm dental implants inserted in the resorbed posterior mandible provide a solid basis for single tooth restoration.
Soft tissues stability of cad‐cam and stock abutments in anterior regions: 2‐year prospective multicentric cohort study
Authors: Lops Diego , Bressan Eriberto , Parpaiola Andrea , Sbricoli Luca , Cecchinato Denis , Romeo Eugenio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimAim of this study was to verify if the type of implant abutment manufacturing, stock or cad‐cam, could influence the maintenance of stable gingival margins around single restorations in anterior areas.MethodsAfter 16 weeks of healing, implants (Osseospeed, Astra Tech Dental Implant) were positioned. Depending on the different fixture inclination and the thickness of buccal peri‐implant soft tissue, abutment selection resulted in four groups: Group 1 (patients with zirconia ZirDesign® stock abutments), Group 2 (titanium stock TiDesign® abutments), Group 3 (zirconia cad‐cam abutments), and Group 4 (titanium cad‐cam abutments). The following parameters were assessed: buccal gingival margin modification (BGM). The modification of the implant gingival margin was followed at 1 and 2 years of follow‐up. A computerized analysis was performed for measurements. Differences between soft tissue margin at baseline and after 2 years measured the gingival margin recession. A general linear model was used to evaluate each group in relation to gingival recession after two years. Tukey's post hoc test was used to compare the mean REC indexes of each group of abutments.ResultsSeventy‐two healthy patients (39 males and 33 females; mean age of 46 years) scheduled for single gap rehabilitation in anterior areas were enrolled. A 100% of implant survival rate was observed after 24 months of function. One failure occurred due to fracture of a Zirconia cad‐cam abutment. Moreover, two abutment screw unscrewing were observed. Both for zirconia and titanium stock abutments (Group 1 and 2), the mean recession of implant buccal soft tissue was of 0.3 mm (SD of 0.3 and 0.4 mm, respectively). Soft tissue mean recession of zirconia and titanium cad‐cam abutments (Group 3 and 4) was of 0.1 and −0.3 mm, respectively (SD of 0.3 and 0.4 mm, respectively). REC values of cad‐cam titanium abutments (Group 4) were significantly lower than that of Group 1 (−0.57 mm), Group 2 (−0.61 mm), and Group 3 (−0.40 mm), respectively (Table ).ConclusionIn the anterior area, the use of cad‐cam abutments is related to a better soft tissue stability. Such a relationship is significant if cad‐cam titanium abutments are compared to both titanium and zirconia stock abutments.
Assessing ecological correlates of marine bird declines to inform marine conservation
Authors: Vilchis L. Ignacio , Johnson Christine K. , Evenson Joseph R. , Pearson Scott F. , Barry Karen L. , Davidson Peter , Raphael Martin G. , Gaydos Joseph K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIdentifying drivers of ecosystem change in large marine ecosystems is central for their effective management and conservation. This is a sizable challenge, particularly in ecosystems transcending international borders, where monitoring and conservation of long‐range migratory species and their habitats are logistically and financially problematic. Here, using tools borrowed from epidemiology, we elucidated common drivers underlying species declines within a marine ecosystem, much in the way epidemiological analyses evaluate risk factors for negative health outcomes to better inform decisions. Thus, we identified ecological traits and dietary specializations associated with species declines in a community of marine predators that could be reflective of ecosystem change. To do so, we integrated count data from winter surveys collected in long‐term marine bird monitoring programs conducted throughout the Salish Sea—a transboundary large marine ecosystem in North America's Pacific Northwest. We found that decadal declines in winter counts were most prevalent among pursuit divers such as alcids (Alcidae) and grebes (Podicipedidae) that have specialized diets based on forage fish, and that wide‐ranging species without local breeding colonies were more prone to these declines. Although a combination of factors is most likely driving declines of diving forage fish specialists, we propose that changes in the availability of low‐trophic prey may be forcing wintering range shifts of diving birds in the Salish Sea. Such a synthesis of long‐term trends in a marine predator community not only provides unique insights into the types of species that are at risk of extirpation and why, but may also inform proactive conservation measures to counteract threats—information that is paramount for species‐specific and ecosystem‐wide conservation.Evaluación de las Correlaciones Ecológicas de las Declinaciones de Aves Marinas para Informar a la Conservación Marina
Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in immunocompromised children with H1N1 influenza: a clinical observation
Authors: Gokturk Bahar , Pekcan Sevgi , Guner Sukru Nail , Artac Hasibe , Keles Sevgi , Kirac Mine , Reisli Ismail 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsThe appropriate treatment of pandemic H1N1 influenza which was first identified in April 2009 in Mexico is insufficient especially for immunocompromised patients. We aimed to evaluate the features and prognostic factors of the children with H1N1, especially immunocompromised ones, and whether intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) replacement could aid for a better outcome.MethodsTwenty‐one hospitalized children with laboratory‐confirmed H1N1 were evaluated retrospectively. Data were extracted from files and electronic medical records.ResultsThe median age was 37 (1–216) months; 62% of them were under 5 years of age and 71.4% had one or more underlying disorders. Main symptoms were high fever, cough, fatigue and vomiting. Lower respiratory tract manifestations were seen in 66.6% of children. Mortality rate was 4.7%. The patient who died had the lowest lymphocyte (100/mm3), thrombocyte (21 000/mm3) and highest blood urea nitrogen (87 mg/dL) levels. Fifty‐eight percent of evaluated patients had one of the primary immunodeficiency disorders. Surprisingly, none of the six patients with primary immunodeficiency who are on regular IVIG replacement needed intensive care unit and died. Although median durations of cough, fever and hospitalization were lower, they did not change statistically according to get IVIG replacement regularly (P = 0.47, 0.97, 0.09, respectively).ConclusionOur study is important while it is the first one that shows the course of primary immunodeficient children with H1N1 infection who were on regular IVIG replacement. A trial of high‐dose IVIG may be a useful adjunctive therapy in severe H1N1 influenza, particularly in the immunocompromised patients.
Factors signifying gender differences in clinical presentation of sarcoidosis among Estonian population
Authors: Lill Hille , Kliiman Kai , Altraja Alan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntroductionSarcoidosis is endemically prevalent in Northern Europe, but gender differences among the sarcoidosis population have not yet been compositely addressed.ObjectivesTo reveal independent factors that formulate gender differences in the presentation of sarcoidosis.MethodsAll Caucasian patients with confirmed sarcoidosis were recruited from the outpatient department of the Lung Clinic of the Tartu University Hospital, Estonia, between February 2009 and April 2011. Data on demographics, complaints, symptoms, clinical presentation, extrapulmonary manifestations, radiographic stage, lung function parameters and sarcoidosis‐related laboratory indices were all drawn from patients' clinical records at presentation. Factors characteristic of female gender were estimated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf 230 cases included, there were significantly more females (56.5%, P = 0.005). After adjustment for age, females appeared distinguishable from males by older age [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.07], less frequent smoking (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.13–0.49), higher probability of extrapulmonary complaints (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.16–3.65) and musculoskeletal sarcoidosis (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.65–6.29), and after adjustment for both age and smoking status lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s and lung carbon monoxide diffusing coefficient % predicted (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.97 and OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.995, respectively), but by higher forced vital capacity % predicted (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.22).ConclusionWomen with sarcoidosis are independently characterized by greater airflow obstruction, lower lung diffusing coefficient, older age, less smoking, and more frequent extrapulmonary complaints and musculoskeletal involvement. This may urge special attention when addressing female patients in both differential diagnostic and management settings.
Altered synaptic transmission at olfactory and vomeronasal nerve terminals in mice lacking N‐type calcium channel Cav2.2
Authors: Weiss Jan , Pyrski Martina , Weissgerber Petra , Zufall Frank 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe investigated the role of voltage‐activated calcium (Cav) channels for synaptic transmission at mouse olfactory and vomeronasal nerve terminals at the first synapse of the main and accessory olfactory pathways, respectively. We provided evidence for a central role of the N‐type Cav channel subunit Cav2.2 in presynaptic transmitter release at these synapses. Striking Cav2.2 immunoreactivity was localised to the glomerular neuropil of the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), and co‐localised with presynaptic molecules such as bassoon. Voltage‐clamp recordings of sensory nerve‐evoked, excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in mitral/tufted (M/T) and superficial tufted cells of the MOB and mitral cells of the AOB, in combination with established subtype‐specific Cav channel toxins, indicated a predominant role of N‐type channels in transmitter release at these synapses, whereas L‐type, P/Q‐type, and R‐type channels had either no or only relatively minor contributions. In Cacna1b mutant mice lacking the Cav2.2 (α1B) subunit of N‐type channels, olfactory nerve‐evoked M/T cell EPSCs were not reduced but became blocker‐resistant, thus indicating a major reorganisation and compensation of Cav channel subunits as a result of the Cav2.2 deletion at this synapse. Cav2.2‐deficient mice also revealed that Cav2.2 was critically required for paired‐pulse depression of olfactory nerve‐evoked EPSCs in M/T cells of the MOB, and they demonstrated an essential requirement for Cav2.2 in vomeronasal nerve‐evoked EPSCs of AOB mitral cells. Thus, Cacna1b loss‐of‐function mutations are unlikely to cause general anosmia but Cacna1b emerges as a strong candidate in the search for mutations causing altered olfactory perception, such as changes in general olfactory sensitivity and altered social responses to chemostimuli.
Higher‐moment Risk Exposures in Hedge Funds
Authors: Hübner G. , Lambert M. , Papageorgiou N. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper singles out the key roles of US equity skewness and kurtosis in the hedge fund return generating process. We propose a conditional higher‐moment model with location, trading, and higher‐moment factors to describe the dynamics of the equity hedge, event‐driven, relative value, and fund of funds styles. If the volatility, skewness, and kurtosis implied in US options are used by fund managers as instruments to anticipate market movements, managers should adjust their market exposure in response to variations in these moments. We indeed show that higher‐moment premia improve the conditional asset pricing model across all hedge fund styles.
Occult hepatitis B virus infection of hemodialysis patients: A cross‐sectional study in a hepatitis B virus‐endemic region
Authors: Kim So Mi , Kim Hyun Woo , Lee Ji Eun , Lee Eun Kyoung , Shin Hyun Deok , Song Il Han 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOccult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is defined as the presence of HBV DNA in the liver tissue and/or serum of subjects seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Occult HBV infection of hemodialysis (HD) patients is informative in terms of virus transmission, reactivation after kidney transplantation, and the progression of liver disease. However, there is little detailed information about occult HBV infection in the context of virus endemicity. We tried to investigate the seroprevalence and clinical features of occult HBV infection in HD patients in HBV‐endemic regions. We enrolled a total of 159 HD patients and 121 apparently healthy subjects at Dankook University Hospital and Jeju National University Hospital in Korea. HBsAg, anti‐HBs, anti‐HBc, and anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum levels of HBV DNA were measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The seroprevalence of occult HBV infection was 1.3% in HD patients and 2.5% in the healthy controls. This difference was not significant. The HBV load in all subjects with occult infection was <116 copies/mL, and all were positive for IgG anti‐HBc, regardless of the presence of anti‐HBs. None of the occult HBV‐infected subjects were co‐infected with HCV. One of the 2 HD patients with occult HBV infection had no history of blood transfusion. In this HBV‐endemic region, the seroprevalence of occult HBV infection in HD patients with a very low viral load was not significantly different from that in apparently healthy subjects.