bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identity and Writing in the Diaries of Plath and Woolf: Defining, Abjectifying, and Recovering the Self
Authors: Mills Jeansonne Christie 
Published: December 2014

The ordering, de-abjectifying function of language is often harnessed by the diary writer: re-living and re-writing a fictive self through diary writing allows the writer control and understanding of the self which has experienced and then changed in the interval of time between the event, the recording, and the rereading. The diaries of Sylvia Plath and Virginia Woolf lend credence to this possibility of recovering abject identity through language. Their diary accounts of mental illness wield mastery over their experiences and emotional responses by choosing to recount them (or not). My paper seeks to reveal how Plath’s and Woolf’s distancing and retelling does not simply divide their selves (the pre- and post- trauma selves, the physical and textual selves), but allows them a greater range of movement, enabling mediation and reconciliation of many self-identities from the past, present, and future, and granting the authority to narrate their own continuums of becoming. This article was submitted to the EJLW on 13 October 2013 and published on 13 October 2014.
Bis-2-thienyldiethylaminophosphane as a Ligand in Late Transition Metal Complexes and its Transformation to Bis-2-thienylphosphane
Authors: Granitzka Markus , Stollberg Peter , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Bis-2-thienyldiethylaminophosphane (C4H3S)2PNEt2 (1) is introduced as a ligand for late transition metal complexes ([(H3C4S)2PNEt2]nMXmLp), with M = Ni(II), Au(I), Cu(I), Pd(II), Ir(I), X = Cl, Br and L = NCMe, COD, (2-7). Reactions of 1 with the late transition metal salts NiCl2·dme, (Me2S)AuCl, CuCl, PdCl2(PhCN)2, and [Ir(COD)Cl]2 yield the complexes [{(H3C4S)2PNEt2}2 · NiCl2] (2), [(H3C4S)2PNEt2 · AuCl] (3) [(H3C4S)2PNEt2·CuCl(CH3CN)]2 (4), [{(H3C4S)2PNEt2}2 · PdCl2] (5), [{(H3C4S)2PNEt2}2·PdCl2]2 (6), and [(H3C4S)2PNEt2·IrCl(COD)] (7). In addition, the transformation of 1 to the valuable chlorine-substituted starting material (H3C4S)2PCl (8) and the related conversion of 8 to the secondary phosphane (H3C4S)2PH (9) is reported. The complexes 2-7 are stable under inert gas conditions and were characterized by single-crystal X-ray studies, NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.
Gilded Chalices: Tetra-aurated Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Strasser Ulf H. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans-Georg , Berger Raphael J. F. , Mitzela Norbert W. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(trimethylsilylethynyl)-25,26,27,28-tetra-n-propoxycalix[4]arene (1) was synthesised in two steps starting from 25,26,27,28-tetra-n-propoxycalix[4]arene, and the structure of 1 was determined by X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 was desilylated (K2CO3) to give 5,11,17,23- tetrakis(ethynyl)-25,26,27,28-tetra-n-propoxycalix[4]arene (2), which was tetra-aurated under basic conditions (NaOEt, THF) with a series of phosphane-gold chlorides (o-Tol3PAuCl, Ph3PAuCl, Ph2MePAuCl, PhMe2PAuCl, Me3PAuCl, Cy3PAuCl, t-Bu3PAuCl) to afford in good to excellent yields the tetra-aurated tetraethynylcalix[4]arene species 3-9 in one step [with phosphane ligands o-Tol3P (3), Ph3P (4), Ph2MeP (5), PhMe2P (6), Me3P (7), Cy3P (8), t-Bu3P (9)]. All compounds were characterised by 1H NMR and infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and by elemental analyses, additionally 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 by 13C{1H}, and 3-6, 8 and 9 by 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of complexes 3 and 9 were determined by X-ray diffraction and show pinched-cone conformations, but neither intra- nor intermolecular attractive aurophilic Au···Au contacts. The acceptor ability of complexes 3 and 9 was investigated by complexation attempts with various phosphane-gold chlorides and xenon gas under pressure, but interactions could not be determined experimentally. The formation of a complex between xenon and gilded calix[4]arene could, however, be predicted for fluorine-substituted species and with very small phosphane ligands (PH3) on the basis of quantum-chemical calculations; the energy of formation is 9:6 kJ mol-1. The crystal structure of Ph2MePAuCl was also determined and shows Au···Au-bonded dimers.
Coordination Chemistry of N,N′-Bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)- 2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine – Lewis Acid-Base Complexes with the d10-Metals Nickel(0) and Gold(I)
Authors: Krieck Sven , Schulze Daniel , Görls Helmar , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The addition reactions of N,N′-bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine (1) with [(cod)2Ni] and [(Ph3P)AuCl] yield yellow [(1)Ni(η4-cod)] (2) and colorless [(1)(Ph3P)AuCl]·3MeOH (3), respectively. In these transition metal complexes of nickel(0) and gold(I) 1 acts as a bidentate chelating ligand. Crystal structures of [(1)Ni(η4-cod)]·3THF (2a) and of cosolvent-free [(1)Ni(η4-cod)] (2) reveal a distorted tetrahedral environment of the nickel atom. The gold(I) atom in 3 exhibits a very long Au-Cl bond of 296.2(1) pm. In contrast to the nickel complexes, compound 3 shows strong agostic interactions between gold(I) and a methylene fragment.
Ion Pairs of Weakly Coordinating Cations and Anions: Synthesis and Application for Sulfide to Sulfoxide Oxidations
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Su , Cokoja Mirza , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Mink János , Zang Shu-Liang , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kühn Fritz E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A series of salts containing the weakly coordinating cations (WCC) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Bmim]+), 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ([Bdmim]+), 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C12mim]+), tetrabutylphosphonium ([PBu4]+), tributyltetradecylphosphonium ([P4;4;4;14]+), tetrabutylammonium ([NBu4]+), and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidium ([TMG]+) and fluorinated tetraarylborate anions of the type [B(ArF)4] (ArF =C6F5, C6H3-3,5-(CF3)2) were synthesized and characterized. The influence of cations and anions on the physical properties of the obtained compounds was examined. In case of the compound [TMG][B(C6F5)4] hydrogen-fluorine contacts between cation and anion are present in the solid state. Owing to H···F contacts between hydrogen peroxide and the fluorine substituents of the anion and the resulting activation of H2O2 in solution, the compound [P4;4;4;14][B(C6H3-3,5-(CF3)2)4] is applicable as an efficient mediator for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides
Anellierte Diamine als nützliche Dikationen am Beispiel der Darstellung von Halocupratsalzen / Anellated Diamines as valuable Dications using the Example of Halocuprate Salts
Authors: Golz Christopher , Eckert Prisca , Strohmann Carsten 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Diamines such as (R,R)-TMCDA (1) form anellated dications with dihalomethanes, which were obtained in the presence of copper(I)halides as salts containing halocuprate anions. Using the chiral diamine (R,R)-TMCDA (1) and its meso-form cis-TMCDA (2) trichloro- and tribromocuprates with trigonal-planar geometry, and with TMEDA (3) a continuous chain of copper(I)iodid were formed. The crystal structures were discussed and compared in terms of the influence of the dication on the structural behavior of the corresponding anion. Overall we revealed an easy access to chiral or achiral dications which are based on the readily available (R,R)-TMCDA (1) and its isomer cis-TMCDA (2).
N-Donor Competition in Iron Bis(chelate) Bis(pyrazolyl)pyridinylmethane Complexes
Authors: Herber Ulrich , Hoffmann Alexander , Lochenie Charles , Weber Birgit , Herres-Pawlis Sonja 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We report on the synthesis and structural characterisation of the bis(chelate) bis(pyrazolyl) pyridinylmethane iron(II) complexes [Fe{HC(Pz)2(Py)}2][CF3CO2]2, [Fe{HC(3-iPrPz)(5- iPrPz)(Py)}2][CF3SO3]2 and [Fe{HC(3-iPrPz)(5-iPrPz)(Py)}2][FeBr4]Br·2C4H8O. During the synthesis of the latter ones, an isomerisation of the ligand is observed: the pyrazolyl substituent formally moves from the 3 to the 5 position. Since the donor competition between pyrazolyl and pyridinyl moieties is important for the coordination properties, we also studied the donor properties by density functional theory and natural bond orbital analysis (NBO). As a result, the pyridinyl donor is generally weaker than the pyrazolyl donor, but the pyrazolyl donor is heavily influenced by the alkyl substitution pattern. To confirm the low-spin state of the complexes, magnetic susceptibility measurements have been performed
Continuous Suture of a Single Absorbable Suture: A New Simplified Vesicourethral Anastomosis Technique in Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Yang Jie , Shao Peng-fei , Lv Qiang , Song Ning-hong , Li Jie , Zhang Wei , Li Pu , Hua Li-xin , Yin Chang-jun 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe a new simplified technique for facilitating vesicourethral anastomosis in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. After prostate removal, an approximately 15-cm-long absorbable suture with one three-eighths arc needle is passed from the outside in on the full thickness of the bladder neck at the 9 o'clock position and then from inside out on the full thickness of the urethra at the 9 o'clock position. It is knotted with the suture tail. Subsequently, a continuous suture is completed between the bladder neck and urethra. A 20-French silastic catheter is placed into the bladder before completing the anterior row of sutures. Three hundred twelve consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer who had undergone the new simplified vesicourethral anastomosis were included in this retrospective study. The average time of anastomosis was 10.5 minutes (range, 8–30 minutes), as recorded for an experienced laparoscopic surgeon. The incidence rate was 2.2% for urine leakage and 1.3% for bladder neck stenosis, and the continence rate was 86.9% at 1 month, 93.3% at 3 months, 98.1% at 6 months, and 98.7% at 1 year. We present a new simplified method for vesicourethral anastomosis. The method takes little operating time and is easy for novice laparoscopists to master. Moreover, this technique has low rates of urinary leakage and bladder neck stricture.
Vignette Hyperparathyroidism: Glimpse Into Its History
Authors: Dorairajan N. , Pradeep P.V. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The parathyroid gland was first described by Sir Richard Owen. Ivor Sandstrom coined the term glandulae parathyroidiae. Vassale and Generali Francesco observed that tetany occurs following parathyroidectomy. Harald Salvesen firmly established the relationship of the parathyroid gland to calcium metabolism. A patient with skeletal disease and a tumor near the parathyroid gland was described by Max Askanazy in 1904. Schlagenhaufer suggested in 1915 that in an attempt to cure bone disease, solitary parathyroid enlargement, if present, should be excised. The term hyperparathyroidism (HPT) was coined by Henry Dixon and colleagues. The parathyroid surgeries on Albert J. and Charles Martell were the first experience with successful parathyroidectomy. From a grossly symptomatic disease of bones, stones, abdominal groans, and psychic moans, HPT has evolved into asymptomatic HPT. Improvements in knowledge about the pathology of parathyroid diseases, including the genetic basis of HPT, and advances in the surgical techniques have brought about changes in the management of HPT over the decades.
Clinical Significance of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Expression in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jibiki Norie , Saito Noboru , Kameoka Shingo , Kobayashi Makio 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this study, we serologically and pathologically examined the clinical significance of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) expression in patients with colorectal cancer. Serum basic FGF (bFGF) levels in 92 surgical colorectal cancer patients and 31 controls were measured, and the relationship between those levels and clinicopathological factors were examined. Immunohistochemical study was also conducted on specimens from 51 cancer patients, and the association between bFGF staining and serum levels were investigated. An examination of clinicopathological factors revealed significant differences in bFGF levels between stage 0-IIIb and stage IV cancers (P = 0.013). Lymphatic invasion was one factor that differed significantly. Patients with a tumor 30 mm or smaller had a bFGF level of 7.65 ± 1.11 pg/ml while patients with a tumor 31 mm or larger had a bFGF level of 8.53 ± 3.22 pg/ml; significant differences in these bFGF levels were noted (P &lt; 0.05). Patients with a tumor that had no lymphatic invasion (ly0) had a bFGF level of 7.25 ± 0.66 pg/ml, those with a tumor that had minimal lymphatic invasion (ly1) had a bFGF level of 7.99 ± 1.68 pg/ml, and those with a tumor that had moderate lymphatic invasion (ly2) had a bFGF level of 9.17 ± 4.23 pg/ml. bFGF levels differed significantly for tumors with no/minimal lymphatic invasion (ly0-ly1) and those with moderate lymphatic invasion (ly2) (P &lt; 0.0001). Serological examination of bFGF levels during the proliferation of colorectal cancer revealed that moderate lymphatic invasion can be readily distinguished.
Effects of rupture complexity on local tsunami inundation: Implications for probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment by example
Authors: Mueller Christof , Power William , Fraser Stuart , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe investigated the influence of earthquake source complexity on the extent of inundation caused by the resulting tsunami. We simulated 100 scenarios with collocated sources of variable slip on the Hikurangi subduction interface in the vicinity of Hawke's Bay and Poverty Bay in New Zealand and investigated the tsunami effects on the cities of Napier and Gisborne. Rupture complexity was found to have a first‐order effect on flow depth and inundation extent for local tsunami sources. The position of individual asperities in the slip distribution on the rupture interface control to some extent how severe inundation will be. However, predicting inundation extent in detail from investigating the distribution of slip on the rupture interface proves difficult. Assuming uniform slip on the rupture interface in tsunami models can underestimate the potential impact and extent of inundation. For example, simulation of an Mw 8.7 to Mw 8.8 earthquake with uniform slip reproduced the area that could potentially be inundated by equivalent nonuniform slip events of Mw 8.4. Deaggregation, to establish the contribution of different sources with different slip distributions to the probabilistic hazard, cannot be performed based on magnitude considerations alone. We propose two predictors for inundation severity based on the offshore tsunami wavefield using the linear wave equations in an attempt to keep costly simulations of full inundation to a minimum.
Nonvolcanic tremor locations and mechanisms in Guerrero, Mexico, from energy‐based and particle motion polarization analysis
Authors: Cruz‐Atienza Víctor M. , Husker Allen , Legrand Denis , Caballero Emmanuel , Kostoglodov Vladimir 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe introduce the Tremor Energy and Polarization (TREP) method, which jointly determines the source location and focal mechanism of sustained nonvolcanic tremor (NVT) signals. The method minimizes a compound cost function by means of a grid search over a three‐dimensional hypocentral lattice. Inverted metrics are derived from three NVT observables: (1) the energy spatial distribution, (2) the energy spatial derivatives, and (3) the azimuthal direction of the particle motion polarization ellipsoid. To assess the tremor sources, TREP assumes double‐couple point dislocations with frequency‐dependent quality factors (Q) in a layered medium. Performance and resolution of the method is thoroughly assessed via synthetic inversion tests with random noise, where the “observed” data correspond to an NVT‐like finite difference (FD) model we introduce. The FD tremor source is composed of hundreds of quasi‐dynamic penny‐shaped cracks governed by a time‐weakening friction law. In agreement with previous works, epicentral locations of 26 NVTs in Guerrero are separated in two main groups, one between 200 and 230 km from the trench, and another at about 170 km. However, unlike earlier investigations, most NVT hypocenters concentrate at 43 km depth near the plate interface and have subparallel rake angles to the Cocos plate convergence direction. These locations have uncertainties of ~5 km in the three components and are consistent with independent results for low‐frequency earthquakes in the region, supporting their common origin related to slip transients in the plate interface. Our results also suggest the occurrence of NVT sources within the slab, ~5 km below the interface.
Nitrogen cycling processes and microbial community composition in bed sediments in the Yukon River at Pilot Station
Authors: Repert Deborah A. , Underwood Jennifer C. , Smith Richard L. , Song Bongkeun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInformation on the contribution of nitrogen (N)‐cycling processes in bed sediments to river nutrient fluxes in large northern latitude river systems is limited. This study examined the relationship between N‐cycling processes in bed sediments and N speciation and loading in the Yukon River near its mouth at the Bering Sea. We conducted laboratory bioassays to measure N‐cycling processes in sediment samples collected over distinct water cycle seasons. In conjunction, the microbial community composition in the bed sediments using genes involved in N‐cycling (narG, napA, nosZ, and amoA) and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequences was examined. Temporal variation was observed in net N mineralization, nitrate uptake, and denitrification rate potentials and correlated strongly with sediment carbon (C) and extractable N content and microbial community composition rather than with river water nutrient concentrations. The C content of the bed sediment was notably impacted by the spring flood, ranging from 1.1% in the midst of an ice‐jam to 0.1% immediately after ice‐out, suggesting a buildup of organic material (OM) prior to scouring of the bed sediments during ice break up. The dominant members of the microbial community that explained differences in N‐processing rates belonged to the genera Crenothrix, Flavobacterium, and the family of Comamonadaceae. Our results suggest that biogeochemical processing rates in the bed sediments appear to be more coupled to hydrology, nutrient availability in the sediments, and microbial community composition rather than river nutrient concentrations at Pilot Station.
In situ fibrillation of polypropylene/polyamide 6 blends: Effect of organoclay addition
Authors: Chomat Dimitri , Soulestin Jérémie , Lacrampe Marie‐France , Sclavons Michel , Krawczak Patricia 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIn situ fibrillation of PP/PA6 blends (85/15 wt %) is investigated in presence of two kinds of organically modified montmorillonite, differing by the polarity of their surfactant. The organoclay is primary dispersed either in the PP (for the low‐polarity Cloisite® 15A) or in the PA6 (for the high‐polarity Cloisite® 30B), according to its assumed affinity. In absence of organoclay, a fibrillar morphology is achieved after the melt‐blending and hot‐stretching step, as evidenced by SEM analysis. Upon clay addition, different morphological trends are evidenced. The C15A leads to a refinement of the fibrils whether the C30B induces a transition from fibrillar to nodular structure. These trends are ascribed to drastic changes in viscosity and elasticity ratios, due to the filler initial localization. Several techniques (DSC, STEM) point out a C15A migration from the PP to the PP/PA6 interface. Rheological measurements highlight the possibility of a double‐percolation phenomenon, linked to the fibrillar microstructure of the PP/PA6/C15A blend. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41680.
Alkali‐responsive membrane prepared by grafting dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate onto ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer membrane
Authors: Ye Hui , Chen Long , Li Anni , Huang Lilan , Zhang YuZhong , Li Yingna , Li Hong 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTAn alkali‐responsive membrane was prepared by grafting dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) onto ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) membrane using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation graft polymerization. A subtranslucent state of EVAL membrane swelling in the DMAEMA solution was observed, and such a state enabled the passage of UV light through all the pores, inducing graft polymerization inside the pores and on the back. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometer (ATR‐FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscope (EDX) confirmed that the poly(DMAEMA)‐grafted chains existed not only on the top surface, but also inside the pores and on the back. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nitrogen adsorption analysis confirmed that the grafted chains collapsed in air, and decreased the surface roughness, surface area, and pore size of the grafted membranes. Alkali‐responsive properties of the poly(DMAEMA)‐grafted EVAL membrane (i.e., contact angle, permeability, and selectivity) were observed in the pH range of 9–10. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41775.
World's greatest rainfall intensities observed by satellites
Authors: Breña‐Naranjo Jose Agustin , Pedrozo‐Acuña Adrian , Rico‐Ramirez Miguel A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis commentary emphasizes the role of remote sensing tools for detecting extreme values in precipitation. Here, we provide a synthesis of recent data from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission satellite to detect the rainfall maxima depth versus duration across the terrestrial surface since 1998. Observations with rain gauges and satellite merged products suggest similarities in the power scaling law between maximum rainfall depth and duration. Satellites have shown the potential to identify regions of extreme precipitation and this is the first study where intensity‐duration curves from rainfall events measured by satellites are compared with the same curves obtained with traditional rain gauges.
Decadal change of the connection between summer western North Pacific Subtropical High and tropical SST in the early 1990s
Authors: He Chao , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA decadal change has occurred on the relationship between the summertime western North Pacific subtropical High (WNPSH) and the tropical Sea Surface Temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the early 1990s. After this decadal change, the interannual variability of the WNPSH is more strongly regulated by the SSTA over the equatorial central Pacific and the maritime continent. The earlier decay of El Niño in strong WNPSH years and the earlier development of El Niño in weak WNPSH years both contributed to this change. Such decadal change is found in the pre‐industrial control simulation of a coupled model, suggesting it is probably an internal variability of the climate system.