bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objectively Measured Physical Activity In Children Aged From 5 To 8 Years / Objektivno Izmerjena Gibalna Aktivnost Od Pet- Do Osemletnih Otrok
Authors: Volmut Tadeja , Pišot Rado , Šimunič Boštjan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjective:Today, a majority of the world population is dealing with physical inactivity and related health problems.Moreover, while various interventions are being adopted to increase children’s physical activity, these are mostly lessoreven un-successful. One of the possible reasons for this could be the wrong timing for their instalment. Therefore,the purpose of our study is to analyse between-day and within-day physical activity in 5- to 8-year old children.Methods:Using accelerometers we monitored 97 Slovenian children (49 males) for five consecutive days.Results:We found that 5- to 8- year old Slovenian children are physically active on average between 689 and795 counts per minute, with age and gender significant factors, however both with low effect size. The averagedata was in line with the trends of the world’s population. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity wasnever measured in 5- to 8- year old children and we found it to be significantly longer than in slightly older children.Furthermore, we have defined the time periods with the lowest physical activity, which is in the morning, after thebreakfast. Additionally, there are some age differences, with 5-year olds being most active before lunch but lessphysically active in the early afternoon.Conclusions:In conclusion we have to emphasize and implicate to next generation studies to indicate time periodswith the lowest physical activity and to promote physical activity interventions in those periods to achieve the greatestimpact.
Treatment outcomes and survival in patients with primary central nervous system lymphomas treated between 1995 and 2010 – a single centre report
Authors: Jezersek Novakovic Barbara 
Published: February 2013

Background. Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are rare variants of extranodal non-Hodgkin′s lymphomas that are nowadays primarily treated with high-dose methotrexate or methotrexate-based chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. The optimal treatment of PCNSL is still unknown and there are differences in clinical practice.
Patients and methods. With a retrospective research we evaluated our series of patients with PCNSL in regards to the patient′s characteristics, treatment results, disease specific survival and overall survival. Fifty nine patients who attended the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana between 1995 and 2010 were treated according to the protocol that was valid at the time of the patient′s admission. Between 1995 and 1999, the systemic treatment was classical CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, steroids) chemotherapy, and later on high-dose methotrexate either alone or in combination with other agents. From 1999 onwards, radiation therapy was applied according to the patient′s age and response to chemotherapy, prior to that all patients treated with CHOP were also irradiated. Patients ineligible for the systemic treatment were treated with sole radiation therapy.
Results. There was a strong female predominance in our series and the median age at diagnosis was 59.8 years. Patients had predominantly aggressive B cell lymphomas (69.5%), one patient had marginal cell lymphoma and two patients T cell lymphoma. In total, 20.3% of patients were treated just with chemotherapy, 33.9% with combined therapy and 42.4% with sole radiation therapy. The overall response rate to the primary treatment in patients treated with sole chemotherapy was 33.3%, in patients treated with combined therapy 65% and in patients treated only with radiation therapy 56%, respectively. In terms of response duration, significantly better results were achieved with combined therapy or radiation therapy alone compared to sole chemotherapy (p<0.0006). The median overall survival of the whole cohort was 11 months and the overall survival was significantly affected by the patient′s age. The longest overall survival was observed in patients treated with combined therapy (median survival of 39 months). Patients treated just with radiation therapy had a median overall survival of 9 months and those treated with sole chemotherapy of 4.5 months, respectively.
Conclusions. The treatment outcomes in ordinary clinical practice are definitely inferior to the ones reported in clinical trials. The now standard treatment with high-dose methotrexate with or without radiation therapy is sometimes too aggressive and, therefore, a careful selection on the basis of patient′s age, performance status and concomitant diseases of those eligible for such treatment is mandatory. According to our results from a retrospective study, radiation therapy should not be excluded from the primary treatment.
Application of the side stream from the cyklopol process in paint stripping formulations
Authors: Vogt Otmar , Ogonowski Jan , Michorczyk Piotr 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The utilization of two side streams from the Cyklopol process was studied. The first one is the monohydric alcohols fraction and the second one is the fraction of mono-carboxylic acids. We propose to utilize these fractions and their esters as a component of gel formulation painting remover. Our composites have a gel formulation suitable for easy application on a vertical surface. D-DBS (1,3:2,4-Di-O-benzylidene-Dsorbitol) or MHPC (methylhydroxypropylcellulose) were used as gelling agents for organic liquids. The D-DBS compound is characterized by transparency and reduced yellowing of composition. The properties of the obtained preparations were compared to the properties of commercially available gel formulations SCANSOL and STRIPER. Our initial investigations indicate that side streams from the Cyklopol process are good and cheap resources of raw materials for the preparation of paint stripping formulations.
Development of approach to modelling and optimization of non-stationary catalytic processes in oil refining and petrochemistry
Authors: Dolganova Irena O. , Dolganov Igor M. , Ivashkina Elena N. , Ivanchina Emilia D. , Romanovskiy Rostislav V. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
An approach to modelling of non-stationary catalytic processes of oil refining and petrochemistry is proposed. The computer modelling systems under development take into account the physical and chemical reaction laws, raw materials composition, and catalyst nature. This allows using the software for the optimization of process conditions and equipment design. The models created can be applied for solving complex problems of chemical reactors design; calculation of different variants of industrial plants reconstruction; refining and petrochemicals catalysts selection and testing; catalyst service life prolongation; determination of optimum water supply into the alkanes dehydrogenation reactor; optimization of products separation in the benzene alkylation process.
Meso-tetraphenylporphyriniron(iii) chloride catalyzed oxidation of aniline and its substituents by magnesium monoperoxyphthalate in aqueous acetic acid medium
Authors: Manickam Raja , Kulandaivelu Karunakaran 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The catalytic properties of the first generation catalyst meso-tetraphenylporphyriniron(III) chloride and magnesium monoperoxyphthalate (MMPP) as oxidant have been studied in the oxidation of aniline and its substituents in acetic acid medium. The thermodynamic parameters for the oxidation have been determined and discussed. It confirms the Exner relationship (only at the low range of temperatures) and also some of the activation parameters to the isokinetic relationships. The magnesium monoperoxyphthalate oxidation with 18 ortho- meta- and para-substituted anilines fulfills with isokinetic relationship but not to any of the linear free energy relationships. The reaction mechanism and the rate law were proposed.
Simultaneous synthesis-immobilization of nano ZnO on perlite for photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye in semi batch packed bed photoreactor
Authors: Khani Ali , Sohrabi Mahmoud Reza 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A novel, simple and simultaneous synthesis-immobilization of nano ZnO on perlite (nZnO-P) as a photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of Acid orange 7 (AO7) in aqueous solution was investigated. The effect of operational parameters such as initial dye concentration, initial pH, flow rate, photocatalyst granule size, temperature and the kinetic of the removal of AO7 in terms of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model in a designed semi batch packed bed photoreactor connected to an on-line sampling UV-Vis spectrophotometer was studied. The results showed that AO7 removal efficiency increased with nZnO-P using the designed setup and the proposed photocatalyst was more efficient than TiO2 as a standard catalyst. Our results confirmed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The values of the adsorption equilibrium constant, KAO7, the kinetic rate constant of surface reaction, kc, and the activation energy (Ea) were found to be 0.57 (mg.l−1)−1, 0.41 mg.l−1.min−1 and 11.44 kJ/mol, respectively.
Drying of binary thin film polymeric coatings: an experimental study
Authors: Katariya Jitendra , Arya Raj Kumar 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Four binary polymer -solvent systems, poly(styrene)-tetrahydrofuran, poly(styrene) - p-xylene, poly(methyl methacrylate) - ethylbenzene and poly(methyl methacrylate) - tetrahydrofuran, systems have been studied. It has been observed that thicker coatings will retain a higher amount of the residual solvent as compared to thinner coatings. In the case of poly(styrene)-tetrahydrofuran coating residual solvent remaining within the coatings were 9.09% and 4.74% for the coatings of the thicknesses of 967 micron and 559 micron, respectively. Similar trends were also observed in the case of poly(methyl methacrylate)-ethylbenzene, poly(methyl methacrylate)-tetrahydrofuran, and poly(styrene)-p-xylene systems.
Preliminary Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships Among Palaearctic Simuliinae (Diptera, Simuliidae) Inferred From Morphological Characters
Authors: Sukhomlin K. B. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships among the Palaearctic genera of the subfamily Simuliinae are analyzed based on the matrix of 100 morphological characters and 37 taxa, including 6 outgroups. Parsimonic analysis was resulted in 3 consensus trees (weighting based on CI, RI and RC indices) of slightly different topology, which show monophyly of the subfamily Simuliinae, tribes Stegopternini, Nevermanniini, Wilhelmiini and Simuliini, and a possible sister-group relationships between the latter two tribes. Tribe Ectemniini is apparently a paraphyletic formation. The analysis also supports transferring of the Stegopternini and Nevermanniini from Prosimuliinae to Simuliinae.
Interrelation Between Unionids and Their Epibionts in the Cooling Pond of the Khmelnitsky Nuclear Power Plant (Ukraine)
Authors: Sylayeva A. A. , Protasov A. A. , Morozovskaya I. A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Paper deals with data on interrelation of mollusks of the family Unionidae and Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) and other epibiotic invertebrates in the cooling pond of the Khmelnitsky nuclear power plant (Ukraine). The quantitative indices of unionids and Dreissena, inhabiting shells of the living Unionidae, size structure of populations, and morphometric indexes of the living Unionidae were analyzed. No significant negative impact of settlements of the zebra mussels on Unionidae was noted.
Contribution to Knowledge of the Genus Apsectus (Coleoptera, Dermestidae, Trinodinae) From Mexico and Neotropical Region
Authors: Háva Jiří 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Apsectus kaliki sp. n. from Guyana is described, illustrated and compared with all the known Neotropical species of the genus Apsectus LeConte, 1854. Lectotypes are designated for Apsectus centralis Sharp, 1902 and Apsectus hystrix Sharp, 1902
The Impact of Advancements in Science and Technology on Cypriots’ Physical Activities over Time
Authors: Christodoulides Efstathios 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDue to special historical circumstances, advancements in science and technology have affected various aspects of Cypriot people’s life relatively late.However, since the modern way of life requires less and less compulsory physical activity, this has manifested itself recently in the spreading of a sedentary lifestyle in Cyprus also. The purpose of this paper is to present the changes in the frequency, intensity and type of physical activity throughout three Cypriot generations. It is based on a part of research carried out by survey method of the population of that consisted of secondary school students, their parents, and their grandparents. The sample was selected by stratified, random, and snowball selection (N = 1067). With the youngest generation, the data were collected in groups at their school by questionnaire; the members of other two groups answered the questionnaires individually. In order to analyze the data, the Wilcoxon two related sample test and chi-square analyses were performed. The results revealed that the older generations’ everyday life encompassed more active elements in their childhood and youth than the youngsters’ life comprises nowadays. Both intragenerational and intergenerational changes in daily living and health-related physical activity occurred, and the advancements in science and technology have had a contradictory impact on these processes. In the conclusions, the necessity of taking measures to stop the decline of physical activity is emphasized.
Dependency of Elastic Modulus and Stress Redistribution Coefficients on a Layout of Steel Reinforcement in Steel-Concrete Cross Section
Authors: Vojtasík Karel , Hrubešová Eva , Mohyla Marek , Staňková Jana 
Published: February 2013

Dependency of Elastic Modulus and Stress Redistribution Coefficients on a Layout of Steel Reinforcement in Steel-Concrete Cross Section
The paper presents the outputs of a computational parametric study investigating the influence of both reinforcement ratio and scheme of a cross-section reinforcement on a design value of the elastic module for the homogenized cross-section and the values of the stress redistribution coefficients. The design value of the elastic module represents the steel-concrete cross section in the calculations. The stress redistribution coefficients converts the state stress in the homogenized cross-section for the state stress in steel and concrete individually. The design value of the homogenized cross-section elastic module and the stress redistribution coefficients are determined from the theory of the cooperating rings and computed by program HOMO. The result of a study is a set of the stress redistribution coefficients and a dependency of stress redistribution coefficients on the reinforcement ratio of a steel-concrete section.
Drug treatment in Swedish prisons – moving towards evidence-based interventions?
Authors: Nylander Per Åke , Holm Claes , Jukic Elma , Lindberg Odd 
Published: February 2013

Aim This article reviews the development in Sweden of prison-based drug treatment (PBDT) from the 1970s to the present situation. Data The data consists of committee reports, white papers, research reports and interviews with two senior managers from the Swedish Prison and Probation Services (SPPS). Results The 1970s and 1980s trials with milieu therapy in prisons were followed by the introduction of cognitive programmes in the 1990s. Due to the growing number of prisoners with drug problems, the Prison Anti-Drug Effort increased the number of places and programmes for drug treatment in prisons. As of 2000, the scientific evaluation of all prison-based drug treatment has been strongly emphasised. Drug control has increased since 2004, and the very concept of PBDT is now approached rather more rigorously and scientifically. Conclusion The SPPS programme evaluations are scientifically formed, but changes in practice are slow to emerge. The SPPS runs a more restricted policy compared to treatment outside, which leads to some evidence-based treatment methods being rejected. Also, PBDT is somewhat under threat by changes in the prisons’ internal organisation with growing specialisation in different wings, as well as by the poor financial situation of the SPPS.
Confrontational Apologetics versus Grace-filled Persuasion
Authors: Scorgie Glenn G. 
Published: February 2013

Confrontational Apologetics versus Grace-filled Persuasion
Too often Christian apologetics has been conducted in a confrontational manner
that alienates people and undermines apologetic effectiveness. Christian apologists must be
attentive to both their message and how they communicate it. Grace-filled persuasion can flourish
as Christian apologists recognize the growing contemporary suspicion of aggressive styles of
behavior. The apologetic enterprise involves ideas, but it is also profoundly relational. The
great challenge before Christian apologists is to speak and live in ways that combine uncompromising
faithfulness to revealed truth with a generous spirit of loving service and civility.
Grace-filled persuasion always trumps smash-mouth apologetics.
The Theophoric Element Ba'Al in Ancient Phoenician Inscriptions
Authors: Botica Aurelian 
Published: February 2013

The Theophoric Element Ba'Al in Ancient Phoenician Inscriptions
The following study analyzes the usage of the name Baıal in ancient Phoenician
inscriptions. The analysis starts with the premise that the deity named Baıal played a major
role in Canaanite religion, including the religion of the people of Israel. First of all, in order to
understand correctly this phenomenon, our study sketches in broad lines the historical and
religious context of the ancient Near East. Second, the study takes into account a series of corollary
issues, like the concepts of “fertility” and the “Sacred Marriage”, in order to obtain as
clear a picture as possible of the identity and character of the god Baıal. Third, the study focuses
on a number of inscriptions from Phoenicia. A number of scholars have argued that these
inscriptions represent our best evidence from Phoenicia to reconstructing the identity of
Baıal.
Acceptable noise level in Danish adult subjects diagnosed with unilateral Ménière's disease
Authors: Olsen Steen Østergaard , Lantz Johannes , Brännström K. Jonas , Nielsen Lars Holme 
Published: February 2013

Objective:
The acceptable noise level (ANL) test is used for quantification of the amount of background noise that subjects are willing to accept when listening to speech. Earlier studies including subjects with normal hearing and/or mixed types of sensorineural hearing losses have shown that ANL is not affected by hearing sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible within-subject ANL differences between ears in subjects with unilateral Ménière's disease.

Study design:
ANL was measured in three conditions in both ears of 11 Danish adult subjects diagnosed with unilateral Ménière's disease. Both speech and noise signals were presented through earphones. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was utilized to determine if there were significant differences between ANLs measured in the unaffected and the ears affected by Ménière's disease. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated to determine if an association exists between the speech discrimination score and ANL in the affected ear.

Results:
Similar mean ANL results were found in the subjects’ unaffected and affected ear. No association between speech discrimination and the ANL on the affected ear was found.

Conclusion:
The present study showed no within-subject ANL differences owing to differences in hearing sensitivity or loudness growth patterns.
Biomechanical evaluation of the craniovertebral junction after inferior-third clivectomy and intradural exposure of the foramen magnum: implications for endoscopic endonasal approaches to the cranial base
Authors: Little Andrew S. , Perez-Orribo Luis , Rodriguez-Martinez Nestor G. , Reyes Phillip M. , Newcomb Anna G. U. S. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Crawford Neil R. 
Published: February 2013

Object
Endoscopic endonasal approaches to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) and clivus are increasingly performed for ventral skull-base pathology, but the biomechanical implications of these approaches have not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the spinal biomechanics of the CVJ after an inferior-third clivectomy and anterior intradural exposure of the foramen magnum as would be performed in an endonasal endoscopic surgical strategy.

Methods
Seven upper-cervical human cadaveric specimens (occiput [Oc]–C2) underwent nondestructive biomechanical flexibility testing during flexion-extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending at Oc–C1 and C1–2. Each specimen was tested intact, after an inferior-third clivectomy, and after ligamentous complex dissection simulating a wide intradural exposure using an anterior approach. Angular range of motion (ROM), lax zone, and stiff zone were determined and compared with the intact state.

Results
Modest, but statistically significant, hypermobility was observed after inferior-third clivectomy and intradural exposure during flexion-extension and axial rotation at Oc–C1. Angular ROM increased incrementally between 6% and 12% in flexion-extension and axial rotation. These increases were primarily the result of changes in the lax zone. No significant changes were noted at C1–2.

Conclusions
Inferior-third clivectomy and an intradural exposure to the ventral CVJ and foramen magnum resulted in hypermobility at Oc–C1 during flexion-extension and axial rotation. Although the results were statistically significant, the modest degree of hypermobility observed compared with other well-characterized CVJ injuries suggests that occipitocervical stabilization may be unnecessary for most patients.
Strategies and Achievements of Overseas Taiwanese Archives Acquisition
Authors: Hsu Hsueh-chi 
Published: February 2013

Archives, being original records of all human activities, provide first-hand sources for historical research. However, due to the geographic location of Taiwan and its political vicissitudes, many of these primary records and valuable resources of Taiwan history have been drained with human relocation to overseas and remained in foreign countries. In 2007, the ‘International Collaboration of Taiwan Historical Resources Acquisition Project’ was launched, aiming to collect and acquire precious historical materials scattered overseas with digital archiving strategies and value-added approaches. Taking into consideration the constraints of time and distance, the project focused first in acquiring historical resources of the Qing Dynasty and Japanese Era, while at the same time continued the ongoing practice of the Institute of Taiwan History in collecting and obtaining historical materials from the greater society. In the past five years, precious sources and data have been gathered through the international academic network. The achievements include acquisition of historical images of Taiwan, personal documents, official records etc. and authorization for online publication of historical materials. As seen in the above, the Institute of Taiwan History, Academia Sinica has by now successfully accumulated rich experiences in digitising archival materials and gained fruitful achievement over the years.
La trace. De la mort visible à la mort invisible, de l'inacceptable à l'acceptable... et inversement
Authors: Hardy Laurence 
Published: February 2013

Résumé La vie des morts s’est transformée avec le développement de la thanatopraxie qui fait du défunt un « presque vivant » ou un cadavre invisible. Elle est questionnée ensuite par le développement de la crémation suivie de la dispersion des cendres : la trace disparaît tandis que de nouvelles cérémonies, portées par des collectifs, visent à marquer le/un temps et l’espace. Nous retrouvons leur réactivité et créativité afin que des morts inacceptables deviennent acceptables.