bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of a ‘knee’ pattern on the maximal expiratory flow‐volume loop in young adults
Authors: Shin Hayden H. , Sears Malcolm R. , Hancox Robert J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveVisual inspection of the maximal flow‐volume curve is an important step in interpreting spirometry. Many young people have a convex inflection or ‘knee’ on the expiratory part of the loop. This is thought to be a normal variant, but this view is based on theoretical grounds, and the epidemiology of the knee pattern has never been reported.MethodsFlow‐volume loops from an unselected birth cohort of 1037 individuals at ages 18, 26, 32 and 38 years were visually inspected for a knee pattern. Associations with asthma diagnoses, smoking history, body mass index (BMI) and spirometry were assessed.ResultsThe knee pattern was found in approximately two thirds of men and women at age 18. The prevalence decreased with age, but it was more likely to persist in women. The knee was more common after bronchodilator and was associated with higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratios and mid‐expiratory flow rates. There was no association with smoking, except for an inverse correlation in men at age 18. No association was found with BMI. Women with asthma were less likely to have a knee at both ages 18 and 38, whereas men with asthma showed an inverse association at age 18.ConclusionsA knee is a very common pattern on flow‐volume loop in young adults. In accordance with theoretical predictions, the prevalence of the knee declines with age, but it is more likely to persist in women. It is associated with less airflow obstruction and is less common in people with asthma.
Stable carbon‐isotope record of shallow‐marine evaporative epicratonic basin carbonates, Ordovician Williston Basin, North America
Authors: Husinec Antun , Bergström Stig M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSecular variations in stable carbon‐isotope values of marine carbonates are used widely to correlate successions that lack high‐resolution index fossils. Various environmental processes, however, commonly may affect and alter the primary marine carbon‐isotope signal in shallow epicratonic basins. This study focuses on the marine carbon‐isotope record from the carbonate–evaporite succession of the upper Katian (Upper Ordovician) Red River Formation of the shallow epicratonic Williston Basin, USA. It documents the carbon‐isotope signal between the two major Ordovician positive shifts in δ13C, the early Katian Guttenberg and the Hirnantian excursions. Eight δ13C stages are identified based on positive excursions, shifts from positive to negative values and relatively uniform δ13Ccarb values. A correlation between carbon‐isotope trends and the relative sea‐level changes based on gross facies stacking patterns shows no clear relation. Based on the available biostratigraphy and δ13C trends, the studied Williston Basin curves are tied to the isotope curves from the North American Midcontinent, Québec (Anticosti Island) and Estonia, which confirm the Late Katian age (Aphelognathus divergens Conodont Zone) of the upper Red River Formation. The differences in the δ13C overall trend and absolute values, coupled with the petrographic and cathodoluminescence evidence, suggest that the carbon‐isotope record has been affected by the syndepositional environmental processes in the shallow and periodically isolated Williston Basin, and stabilized by later burial diagenesis under reducing conditions and the presence of isotopically more negative fluids.
Counting imaginary quadratic points via universal torsors
Authors: Derenthal Ulrich , Frei Christopher 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA conjecture of Manin predicts the distribution of rational points on Fano varieties. We provide a framework for proofs of Manin’s conjecture for del Pezzo surfaces over imaginary quadratic fields, using universal torsors. Some of our tools are formulated over arbitrary number fields. As an application, we prove Manin’s conjecture over imaginary quadratic fields$K$for the quartic del Pezzo surface$S$of singularity type${\boldsymbol{A}}_{3}$with five lines given in${\mathbb{P}}_{K}^{4}$by the equations${x}_{0}{x}_{1}-{x}_{2}{x}_{3}={x}_{0}{x}_{3}+{x}_{1}{x}_{3}+{x}_{2}{x}_{4}=0$.
Cooperative subunit interactions mediate fast C‐type inactivation of hERG1 K+ channels
Authors: Wu Wei , Gardner Alison , Sanguinetti Michael C. 
Published: July 2014

Key points
C‐type inactivation of voltage‐gated K+ channels is caused by a conformational change in the selectivity filter that prevents ion conductance.
The role of subunit interaction during C‐type inactivation of hERG1 K+ channels was characterized by using concatenated tetrameric channels containing a defined composition and stoichiometry of wild‐type subunits and subunits with a mutation known to attenuate or accentuate inactivation gating.
Analysis of the kinetics and voltage dependence of steady‐state inactivation for the concatenated channels indicated a variable extent of subunit interaction, dependent on the location of the mutation used to probe the gating process.
Mutations located in the selectivity filter or pore helix disrupted inactivation in a dominant‐negative manner, suggesting that the final step of C‐type inactivation of hERG1 K+ channels is mediated by a concerted, highly cooperative interaction between all four subunits.
AbstractAt depolarized membrane potentials, the conductance of some voltage‐gated K+ channels is reduced by C‐type inactivation. This gating process is voltage independent in Kv1 and involves a conformational change in the selectivity filter that is mediated by cooperative subunit interactions. C‐type inactivation in hERG1 K+ channels is voltage‐dependent, much faster in onset and greatly attenuates currents at positive potentials. Here we investigate the potential role of subunit interactions in C‐type inactivation of hERG1 channels. Point mutations in hERG1 known to eliminate (G628C/S631C), inhibit (S620T or S631A) or enhance (T618A or M645C) C‐type inactivation were introduced into subunits that were combined with wild‐type subunits to form concatenated tetrameric channels with defined subunit composition and stoichiometry. Channels were heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes and the two‐microelectrode voltage clamp was used to measure the kinetics and steady‐state properties of inactivation of whole cell currents. The effect of S631A or T618A mutations on inactivation was a graded function of the number of mutant subunits within a concatenated tetramer as predicted by a sequential model of cooperative subunit interactions, whereas M645C subunits increased the rate of inactivation of concatemers, as predicted for subunits that act independently of one another. For mutations located within the inactivation gate proper (S620T or G628C/S631C), the presence of a single subunit in a concatenated hERG1 tetramer disrupted gating to the same extent as that observed for mutant homotetramers. Together, our findings indicate that the final step of C‐type inactivation of hERG1 channels involves a concerted, all‐or‐none cooperative interaction between all four subunits, and that probing the mechanisms of channel gating with concatenated heterotypic channels should be interpreted with care, as conclusions regarding the nature of subunit interactions may depend on the specific mutation used to probe the gating process.
Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus XN108, an ST239-MRSA-SCC
mec
III Strain with Intermediate Vancomycin Resistance Isolated in Mainland China
Authors: Zhang Xia , Xu Xiaomeng , Yuan Wenchang , Hu Qiwen , Shang Weilong , Hu Xiaomei , Tong Yigang , Rao Xiancai 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

ST239-MRSA-SCC
mec
III (ST239, sequence type 239; MRSA, methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
; SCC
mec
III, staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
type III) is the most predominant clone of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
in mainland China. We report here the complete genome sequence of XN108, the first vancomycin-intermediate
S. aureus
strain isolated from a steam-burned patient with a wound infection.
Complete Genome Sequence of Coxsackievirus B1 Isolated during Case Outbreaks in 2007 in the United States
Authors: Quinn Kevin K. , Wollersheim Susan K. , Krogstad Paul 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
In 2007, clusters of severe coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) infection occurred across the United States, and CVB1 became the most commonly reported enterovirus. The complete genome sequence of CVB1 isolated from an infant (CVB1-Chi07) was examined and found to be divergent from the Conn5 reference strain, with 80% and 96% similarities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively.
Complete Sequencing and Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly of the Industrial Progenitor Strain P2niaD18 from the Penicillin Producer
Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Specht Thomas , Dahlmann Tim A. , Zadra Ivo , Kürnsteiner Hubert , Kück Ulrich 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Penicillium chrysogenum
is the major industrial producer of the β-lactam antibiotic penicillin. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the industrial progenitor strain
P. chrysogenum
P2niaD18 in a chromosome-scale genome assembly. P2niaD18 is distinguished from the recently sequenced
P. chrysogenum
Wisconsin 54-1255 strain by major chromosomal rearrangements leading to a modified chromosomal architecture.
Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus xylosus HKUOPL8, a Potential Opportunistic Pathogen of Mammals
Authors: Ma Angel Po Yee , Jiang Jingwei , Tun Hein Min , Mauroo Nathalie France , Yuen Chan San , Leung Frederick Chi-Ching 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

We report here the first complete genome sequence of
Staphylococcus xylosus
strain HKUOPL8, isolated from giant panda feces. The whole genome sequence of this strain will provide an important framework for investigating the genes responsible for potential opportunistic infections with this species, as well as its survival in various environments.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Model Rhizosphere Strain Azospirillum brasilense Az39, Successfully Applied in Agriculture
Authors: Rivera Diego , Revale Santiago , Molina Romina , Gualpa José , Puente Mariana , Maroniche Guillermo , Paris Gastón , Baker David , Clavijo Bernardo , McLay Kirsten , Spaepen Stijn , Perticari Alejandro , Vazquez Martín , Wisniewski-Dyé Florence , Watkins Chris , Martínez-Abarca Francisco , Vanderleyden Jos , Cassán Fabricio 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

We present the complete genome sequence of
Azospirillum brasilense
Az39, isolated from wheat roots in the central region of Argentina and used as inoculant in extensive and intensive agriculture during the last four decades. The genome consists of 7.39 Mb, distributed in six replicons: one chromosome, three chromids, and two plasmids.
Genome Sequence of a Newly Isolated Nicotine-Degrading Bacterium,
Ochrobactrum
sp. SJY1
Authors: Yu Hao , Li Yangyang , Tang Hongzhi , Xu Ping 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Ochrobactrum
sp. SJY1 uses nicotine as the sources of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. The genome of SJY1 was sequenced in order to provide insights into its mechanism of nicotine degradation. Physiological characteristics and genome analysis indicate that strain SJY1 might have a different nicotine degradation pathway from the pyridine or pyrrolidine pathway.
Assessing the association of oxytocin augmentation with obstetric anal sphincter injury in nulliparous women: a population-based, case–control study
Authors: Rygh Astrid B , Skjeldestad Finn Egil , Körner Hartwig , Eggebø Torbjørn M 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo assess the association of oxytocin augmentation with obstetric anal sphincter injury among nulliparous women.DesignPopulation-based, case–control study.SettingPrimary and secondary teaching hospital serving a Norwegian region.Population15 476 nulliparous women with spontaneous start of labour, single cephalic presentation and gestation ≥37 weeks delivering vaginally between 1999 and 2012.MethodsBased on the presence or absence of oxytocin augmentation, episiotomy, operative vaginal delivery and birth weight (<4000 vs ≥4000 g), we modelled in logistic regression the best fit for prediction of anal sphincter injury. Within the modified model of main exposures, we tested for possible confounding, and interactions between maternal age, ethnicity, occiput posterior position and epidural analgaesia.Main outcome measureObstetric anal sphincter injury.ResultsOxytocin augmentation was associated with a higher OR of obstetric anal sphincter injuries in women giving spontaneous birth to infants weighing <4000 g (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5 to 2.2). Episiotomy was not associated with sphincter injuries in spontaneous births, but with a lower OR in operative vaginal deliveries. Spontaneous delivery of infants weighing ≥4000 g was associated with a threefold higher OR, and epidural analgaesia was associated with a 30% lower OR in comparison to no epidural analgaesia.ConclusionsOxytocin augmentation was associated with a higher OR of obstetric anal sphincter injuries during spontaneous deliveries of normal-size infants. We observed a considerable effect modification between the most important factors predicting anal sphincter injuries in the active second stage of labour.
Extended-release nifedipine and the risk of intestinal obstruction: a population-based study
Authors: Juurlink David N , Hellings Chelsea , Gomes Tara , Huang Anjie , Paterson J Michael , Urbach David R , Mamdani Muhammad M ,   for the Canadian Drug Safety and Effectiveness Research Network (CDSERN)
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo examine the risk of bowel obstruction in older adults during treatment with extended-release nifedipine compared with patients treated with amlodipine.DesignRetrospective cohort study using multiple linked healthcare databases.SettingOntario, Canada from 1 April 1997 to 31 December 2010.ParticipantsWe identified patients aged 66 years and older who started treatment with Adalat XL, an extended-release nifedipine product employing a tablet delivery system associated with mechanical bowel obstruction. For comparison, we studied patients receiving amlodipine, a long-acting calcium channel blocker that does not utilise the same delivery system and has not been implicated as a cause of bowel obstruction. Propensity score matching was used to ensure similarity of patients receiving the two drugs.Primary outcome measureHR for the association between extended-release nifedipine relative to amlodipine and hospitalisation for bowel obstruction during therapy.ResultsOver the 13-year study period, we identified 103 657 patients treated with extended-release nifedipine and 204 733 patients treated with amlodipine. In these two groups, 591 (0.6%) and 1185 (0.6%) of patients were hospitalised for bowel obstruction, respectively. We found no difference in the risk of bowel obstruction among patients treated with extended-release nifedipine compared with amlodipine (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.24).ConclusionsBowel obstruction during treatment with extended-release nidefipine is rare, and the risk is not appreciably greater than that during treatment with amlodipine.
Chapter 10 The rock coast of South and Central America
Authors: Blanco-Chao R. , Pedoja K. , Witt C. , Martinod J. , Husson L. , Regard V. , Audin L. , Nexer M. , Delcaillau B. , Saillard M. , Melnick D. , Dumont J. F. , Santana E. , Navarrete E. , Martillo C. , Pappalardo M. , Ayala L. , Araya J. F. , Feal-Pérez A. , Correa D. , Arozarena-Llopis I. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The great variety of climatic conditions, tidal ranges and wave regimes of South and Central America act on a complex geology and tectonic framework. Many of the rock and cliffed coasts of South America are strongly controlled by the occurrence of extensive Cenozoic and Pleistocene sediments that crop out at the coast. Geology and the different uplift rates are a major factor in the whole coastal geomorphology of South and Central America, and consequently are a very important control of the processes and landforms of rock coasts. This chapter covers several aspects of the rock coast of South and Central America, with special attention to the combination of tectonic movements and Quaternary Pleistocene–Holocene sea-level changes.
Chapter 12 The rock coast of Japan
Authors: Sunamura T. , Tsujimoto H. , Aoki H. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The Japanese islands, situated in a tectonically unstable region with a highly variable geology, are exposed to high wave energy and microtidal environments in most locations. Rocky coasts are common, most having a steep cliff with coastal recession being primarily driven by wave erosion. A fundamental relationship between recession and wave force is obtained through reanalysis of previous laboratory data. On the basis of this relation a model is constructed for the development of type B platforms, that is, horizontal or subhorizontal platforms that have a steep scarp at the seaward edge. The process of wave attenuation on this type of platform and weathering-induced strength reduction of rocks are incorporated into the model. The model is applied to the southwestern coast of the Kii Peninsula and a platform at Ebisu-jima of the Izu Peninsula. Long-term development rates of platforms in the former area are examined: the model indicates that the rate of erosion when platforms were initiated at 6000 years BP is two orders of magnitude greater than present. At the Ebisu-jima platform, wave-induced erosion processes are explored on a daily basis: the model provides a description of temporal variations in platform growth, although the result is not fully satisfactory.
Chapter 13 The rock coast of New Zealand
Authors: Dickson Mark E. , Stephenson Wayne J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Arthur Bloom once wrote, in a statement of posthumous appreciation of Sir Charles Cotton, that no New Zealand geomorphologist could ever really be away from the coast (
Bloom 1974
). It is true to that sentiment that, despite being few in number, geomorphologists working in New Zealand have made a significant and enduring contribution to our understanding of rocky coasts. In large part that contribution can be traced to the countries’ spectacular geographical setting and associated variety of rock coast landforms. In this chapter we summarize the geographical setting in which New Zealand's rocky landscape is situated and describe the various lithological and process controls on landscape evolution. The remainder of the chapter provides a perspective on the contribution made by geomorphologists studying New Zealand's rocky coast. That review is centred on three methodological epochs: (a) explanatory description; (b) emerging emphasis on measurement; and (c) process-based studies.
Chapter 7 The rock coast of the Mediterranean and Black seas
Authors: Furlani S. , Pappalardo M. , Gómez-Pujol L. , Chelli A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Rock coasts and shore platforms are conspicuous landforms along the Mediterranean and Black Sea (MBS) coasts. These coasts have been fashioned by changes in sea level because of vertical movements of the land and variations in eustatic and isostatic sea-level. For this reason, the Quaternary evolution of MBS coasts has been extensively studied, even starting from geomorphological markers, while very few researches have addressed the processes related to their origin and evolution. Despite most of the Mediterranean coast being rocky, studies about rocky shore processes are almost completely lacking, except for limited areas. Data on sea cliff retreats have mainly been collected to study the susceptibility of cliff failures or to prevent landslides, in particular along shores used for tourism. Data on erosion rates and processes on shore platforms are generally scarce and restricted to limestone bedrocks. In this paper, we summarize the results of studies of rates and processes of rocky coasts of the countries overlooking the Mediterranean and Black Seas and review the current knowledge concerning rock coasts in the MBS area.
Chapter 9 The rock coast of the USA
Authors: Hapke Cheryl J. , Adams Peter N. , Allan Jonathan , Ashton Andrew , Griggs Gary B. , Hampton Monty A. , Kelly Joseph , Young Adam P. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The coastline of the USA is vast and comprises a variety of landform types including barrier islands, mainland beaches, soft bluffed coastlines and hard rocky coasts. The majority of the bluffed and rocky coasts are found in the northeastern part of the country (New England) and along the Pacific coast. Rocky and bluffed landform types are commonly interspersed along the coastline and occur as a result of relative lowering of sea level from tectonic or isostatic forcing, which can occur on timescales ranging from instantaneous to millenia. Recent research on sea cliffs in the contiguous USA has focused on a broad range of topics from documenting erosion rates to identifying processes and controls on morphology to prediction modelling. This chapter provides a detailed synthesis of recent and seminal research on rocky coast geomorphology along open-ocean coasts of the continental United States (USA).
FLT3 Kinase Inhibitor TTT-3002 Overcomes Both Activating and Drug Resistance Mutations in FLT3 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ma Hayley S. , Nguyen Bao , Duffield Amy S. , Li Li , Galanis Allison , Williams Allen B. , Brown Patrick A. , Levis Mark J. , Leahy Daniel J. , Small Donald 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
There have been a number of clinical trials testing the efficacy of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring a constitutively activating mutation in FLT3. However, there has been limited efficacy, most often because of inadequate achievement of FLT3 inhibition through a variety of mechanisms. In a previous study, TTT-3002 was identified as a novel FLT3 inhibitor with the most potent activity to date against FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3/ITD) mutations. Here, the activity of TTT-3002 is demonstrated against a broad spectrum of FLT3-activating point mutations, including the most frequently occurring D835 mutations. The compound is also active against a number of point mutations selected for in FLT3/ITD alleles that confer resistance to other TKIs, including the F691L gatekeeper mutation. TTT-3002 maintains activity against patients with relapsed AML samples that are resistant to sorafenib and AC220. Studies utilizing human plasma samples from healthy donors and patients with AML indicate that TTT-3002 is only moderately protein bound compared with several other TKIs currently in clinical trials. Tumor burden of mice in a FLT3 TKI–resistant transplant model is significantly improved by oral dosing of TTT-3002. Therefore, TTT-3002 has demonstrated preclinical potential as a promising new FLT3 TKI that may overcome some of the limitations of other TKIs in the treatment of FLT3-mutant AML. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5206–17. ©2014 AACR.