bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La crise financière et économique
Authors: Herr Édouard 
Published: April 2015

Après avoir épinglé les préalables à la crise financière et économique actuelle : dérégulation des marchés, argent facile, inventivité effrénée dans la création de produits financiers, pression des actionnaires et son déclenchement causé par la question des subprimes en 2007, l’auteur évoque le problème moral que posent certaines pratiques dans le domaine de la spéculation, constate l’échec du néo-libéralisme dans sa forme actuelle et propose des règles en vue d’assurer le bien commun au niveau mondial.
De l’individu à la personne, détours historiques
Authors: Roger Abbé Baudouin 
Published: April 2015

Louis Dumont lie l’individualisme contemporain à l’imbrication des pouvoirs religieux et politique et analyse le développement des formes sociales qui en résultent au plan religieux, politique et économique. Suite à la désimbrication du politique et du religieux, l’Église développe dans sa doctrine sociale une critique de ces formes sociales et oppose à l’individu une conception de l’homme comme « personne » qui conditionne une conception juste de la société.
La culture de la vie et la promotion du pardon en Afrique
Authors: Lentiampa Shenge Adrien 
Published: April 2015

Prenant prétexte du dernier Synode Africain qui a eu pour thème « l’Église en Afrique au service de la réconciliation, de la justice et de la paix », cette réflexion aborde la question du rapport entre la culture africaine et le pardon. La thèse centrale qui y est défendue est que, puisque la culture africaine se caractérise par la primauté de la vie sur toute autre valeur, le pardon devrait y trouver une place importante, et sa promotion devenir une préoccupation qui mobilise les énergies des Africains.
L’Esprit Saint, maître de silence
Authors: Andreu Fr Benoît 
Published: April 2015

L’Esprit-Saint, témoin silencieux de Jésus-Christ au plus intime du cœur de l’homme, est, pour tout chrétien, maître de silence. Son silence n’est ni mutisme, ni simple vacuité impersonnelle : il est espace où peut se donner, en une parfaite transparence, le commun amour du Père et du Fils ; espace encore où Dieu suscite une authentique liberté humaine. Cette liberté que crée l’Esprit en l’homme est charité où se composent le silence (comme accueil et transparence) et la parole (comme don gratuit et personnel).
Dieu : « sans lequel rien n’existerait »
Authors: Knauer Peter 
Published: April 2015

Comment peut-on parler de Dieu si nous reconnaissons vraiment qu’il ne tombe pas sous nos concepts et est plus grand que tout ce que nous pouvons penser ? La réponse se trouve dans une ontologie relationnelle qui comprend le monde comme ce qui est “entièrement relatif à ... / en totale distinction de ...”. Ainsi Dieu se définit comme celui “sans lequel rien ne pourrait être”. Notre être créé “à partir du rien” signifie que notre être et notre être créé sont formellement identiques, et cela peut être prouvé. Si nous pouvions abolir notre être créé — nous ne le pouvons pas — rien de nous ne subsisterait. Mais alors — paradoxalement — le monde ne s’explique pas par Dieu, mais exclusivement par son être créé en ce sens relationnel.
Archives dans les guerres, guerres des archives aux xx e et xxi e siècles
Authors: Cœuré Sophie 
Published: April 2015

Si les incendies et les pillages d’archives s’inscrivent dans la longue durée des révolutions et des conflits, c’est au xix e et au xx e siècle que les spoliations, les saisies de documents, mais aussi l’archivage immédiat documentant l’événement, se sont imposés comme enjeux forts des guerres internationales, coloniales ou intérieures. Cette réflexion suit deux fils rouges – l’appréhension des archives comme outils de pouvoir des États modernes, puis le rôle des archives dans les constructions identitaires – qui s’entrelacent dans un essai de typologie des formes de vulnérabilité des archives. Peut-on alors parler d’un paradigme qui serait mis à l’épreuve par l’entrée dans l’ère du « tout archivage » numérique ?
Faut-il réviser le droit des archives ?
Authors: Cornu Marie 
Published: April 2015

Les fondations du droit contemporain des archives sont posées par la loi du 3 janvier 1979, texte d’ensemble qui encadre le régime des archives tant publiques que privées tout au long de la chaîne patrimoniale, de la collecte à la mise à disposition des documents. Intégré au code du patrimoine en 2004, puis refondu en 2008, le dispositif pourrait encore évoluer. Pour en comprendre les nécessités, il faut revenir sur cette histoire législative.
Les archives : un marché ?
Authors: Even Pascal 
Published: April 2015

Depuis quelques années, les archives connaissent une valorisation sensible ; tandis que les prix des manuscrits s’envolent et que les autographes deviennent objets de placement et valeurs spéculatives, les données électroniques des archives, dans le domaine généalogique notamment, font l’objet de la convoitise des sociétés commerciales de généalogie qui souhaitent les réutiliser. Les archives sont devenues ainsi enjeux de pouvoir et de mémoire, et trouvent dans l’économie de marché une place inattendue.
Comparer le Parlement européen et le Congrès américain. Un état des lieux théorique et méthodologique
Authors: Beaussier Anne-Laure , Bendjaballah Selma 
Published: April 2015

Cet article s’intéresse à la possibilité de comparer deux Assemblées considérées pour des raisons différentes comme « exceptionnelles » : le Parlement européen et le Congrès américain. Le mythe du déficit démocratique de l’Union européenne a longtemps été alimenté par des analyses soulignant la faiblesse du Parlement européen. Cette assertion est toutefois aujourd’hui moins vraie. Depuis l’Acte unique, de profonds changements ont affecté cette Assemblée. Loin de confirmer la faiblesse de cette institution, les auteurs s’intéressant à l’hémicycle strasbourgeois mettent en avant le rôle accru du PE dans le processus législatif, suite notamment à l’extension du champ de la codécision. Le Congrès américain a également longtemps été considéré comme une assemblée exceptionnelle en raison de l’étendue de ses compétences législatives. Cependant, les récentes évolutions connues par ce dernier, sous l’effet de la polarisation idéologique engagée depuis les années 1980, tendent à rapprocher ses logiques de fonctionnement des parlements européens. Ces considérations invitent à décloisonner l’étude de ces deux assemblées. La démarche suivie dans ce papier est double : elle propose d’abord une réflexion autour de l’intégration de l’une ou l’autre de ces Assemblées dans un cadre comparatif, en s’intéressant aux approches, méthodes critères mobilisés et limites. Dans un second temps, elle s’attache à étudier la possibilité d’une comparaison entre le PE et le Congrès.
Detection and sampling of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) infestations
Authors: Ryall Krista 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEmerald ash borer,Agrilus planipennisFairmaire (EAB) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), has caused devastating levels of mortality to ash trees (FraxinusLinnaeus, Oleaceae) in North America. Early infestations of this insect are extremely difficult to detect due to cryptic larval feeding and lack of obvious signs or symptoms of initial attack. Considerable research has been conducted to develop tools and techniques aimed towards providing early detection and delimitation of populations of this invasive species. Sampling tools and techniques include: (1) relating visual signs and symptoms to the presence of EAB infestations; (2) use of girdled trap-trees to increase captures of adults and subsequent larval densities; (3) sub-sampling protocols to detect larvae under the bark based on their within-tree distribution; (4) artificial traps baited with pheromones and/or host volatiles attractive to adult EAB; (5) biosurvellience using buprestid-hunting wasps; and (6) remote sensing techniques. Additional research modelling patterns of infestation at the landscape scale indicate very clumped or aggregated distributions, greatly increasing the difficulty of early detection across large spatial scales. Further research is still required to increase the efficacy and efficiency of early detection tools and techniques, including cost/benefit analysis of the various sampling options, increased understanding of patterns of initial infestation across the landscape, development of sampling programs for both detection and delimitation, and development of sequential sampling programs to estimate EAB density. This information will enable foresters to make informed decisions regarding management strategies against this devastating pest.
Doorvoer counterfeit strafbaar; koerswijziging van het strafrecht
Authors: Alberto A.C. 
Published: April 2015

Doorvoer counterfeit strafbaar; koerswijziging van het strafrecht
Curaçao en Aruba spelen een belangrijke rol als spil voor doorvoer van goederen tussen Europa, Azië en de Verenigde Staten. Derhalve is het van belang dat er goede handhaving plaatsvindt op de havens van Curaçao en Aruba. De vele voorvallen van doorvoer van counterfeit heeft geresulteerd in een intensief onderzoek welke geleid heeft tot de ontdekking van de wijziging van het Wetboek van Strafrecht. Deze zorgt ervoor dat de merkhouders meer bescherming toekomt op Curaçao en Aruba dan voorheen. Met alleen de wijziging alleen zijn we er nog niet maar het opent wel mogelijkheden.
Effects of cohesion on the structural and mechanical evolution of fold and thrust belts and contractional wedges: Discrete element simulations
Authors: Morgan Julia K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractParticle‐based numerical simulations of cohesive contractional wedges can yield important perspectives on the formation and evolution of fold and thrust belts, offering particular insights into the mechanical evolution of the systems. Results of several discrete element method simulations are presented here, demonstrating the stress and strain evolution of systems with different initial cohesive strengths. Particle assemblages consolidated under gravity, and bonded to impart cohesion, are pushed from the left at a constant velocity above a weak, unbonded décollement surface. Internal thrusting causes horizontal shortening and vertical thickening, forming wedge geometries. The mean wedge taper is similar for all simulations, consistent with their similar residual and basal sliding friction values. In all examples presented here, both forethrusts and back thrusts occur, but forethrusts accommodate most of the shortening. Fault spacing and offset increase with increasing cohesion. Significant tectonic volume strain also occurs, with the greatest incremental volume strain occurring just outboard of the deformation front. This diffuse shortening serves to strengthen the unfaulted domain in front of the deformed wedge, preconditioning these materials for brittle (dilative) failure. The reach of this volumetric strain and extent of décollement slip increase with cohesive strength, defining the extent of stress transmission. Stress paths for elements tracked through the simulations demonstrate systematic variations in shear stress in response to episodes of both décollement slip and thrust fault activity, providing a direct explanation for stress fluctuations during convergence.
Heterogeneous warming of Northern Hemisphere surface temperatures over the last 1200 years
Authors: Tingley Martin P. , Huybers Peter 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe relationship between the mean and spatial variability of Northern Hemisphere surface temperature anomalies over the last 1200 years is examined using instrumental and proxy records. Nonparametric statistical tests applied to 14 well‐studied, annually resolved proxy records identify two centuries roughly spanning the Medieval Climate Anomaly as characterized by increased spatial variability relative to the preinstrumental baseline climate, whereas two centuries spanning the Little Ice Age are characterized by decreased spatial variability. Analysis of the instrumental record similarly indicates that the late and middle twentieth century warm intervals are generally associated with increased spatial variability. In both proxy and instrumental records an overall relationship between the first two moments is identified as a weak but significant positive correlation between time series of the spatial mean and spatial standard deviation of temperature anomalies, indicating that warm and cold anomalies are respectively associated with increased and reduced spatial variability. Insomuch as these historical patterns of relatively heterogeneous warming as compared with cooling hold, they suggest that future warming will feature increased regional variability.
Ecosystem CO2 and CH4 exchange in a mixed tundra and a fen within a hydrologically diverse Arctic landscape: 2. Modeled impacts of climate change
Authors: Grant R. F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractClimate change will have important effects on arctic productivity and greenhouse gas exchange. These changes were projected by the model ecosys under an Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 scenario over the 21st century for a landscape including an upland tundra and a lowland fen at Daring Lake, NWT. Rising temperatures and precipitation caused increases in active layer depths (ALD) and eventual formation of taliks, particularly in the fen, which were attributed to heat advection from warmer and more intense precipitation and downslope flow. These changes raised net primary productivity from more rapid N mineralization and uptake, driven by more rapid heterotrophic respiration and increasing deciduous versus evergreen plant functional types. Consequently, gains in net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of 29 and 10 g C m−2 yr−1 were modeled in the tundra and fen after 90 years. However, CH4 emissions modeled from the fen rose sharply from direct effects of increasing soil temperatures and greater ALD on fermenter and methanogenic populations and from indirect effects of increasing sedge growth, which hastened transfer of CH4 through porous roots to the atmosphere. After 90 years, landscape CH4 emissions increased from 1.1 to 5.2 g C m−2 yr−1 while landscape NEP increased from 34 to 46 g C m−2 yr−1. Positive feedback to radiative forcing from increases in CH4 emissions more than offset negative feedback from increases in NEP. This feedback was largely attributed to rises in CH4 emission caused by heat advection from increasing precipitation, the impacts of which require greater attention in arctic climate change studies.
Impact of allergic rhinitis on quality of life after adenotonsillectomy for pediatric sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Kim Dong‐Kyu , Han Doo Hee 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundAdenotonsillar hypertrophy is an undisputed major contributor to the development of pediatric sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). However, some children with SDB have experienced a worsening of quality of life (QOL) after adenotonsillectomy. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors of deteriorating QOL after adenotonsillectomy.MethodsThis was an observational cohort study at a single institute and consisted of 70 children with SDB who underwent adenotonsillectomy. The QOL was evaluated using the 18‐item quality‐of‐life survey for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA‐18) prior to surgery (S1), and at 1 month (S2), 6 months (S3), and 12 months (S4) postoperatively. Deterioration of QOL was defined as an increase in total scores of S3 and/or S4 by more than 25% of those on S2. Patients were categorized into rhinitis/nonrhinitis and atopy/non‐atopy using the nasal symptom questionnaire and skin‐prick test, respectively.ResultsThe mean total scores of S2 and S4 were significantly lower than those of S1 (p < 0.001); however, some patients (n = 27, 38.6%) experienced an increase in scores. Patients with worsened QOL showed higher total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels (p = 0.034) and complained of a rhinitis symptom more frequently (p = 0.039). Children with atopy were more likely to experience deterioration of QOL than those without (p = 0.004). In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that allergic rhinitis (AR) was a predictor for deterioration of QOL.ConclusionThis study suggests that AR may be a risk factor for deterioration of long‐term QOL after adenotonsillectomy. Therefore, preoperative evaluation and proper management of AR might be considered in pediatric SDB.
Intelligence quotient improves after antiepileptic drug withdrawal following pediatric epilepsy surgery
Authors: Boshuisen Kim , van Schooneveld Monique M. J. , Uiterwaal Cuno S. P. M. , Cross J. Helen , Harrison Sue , Polster Tilman , Daehn Marion , Djimjadi Sarina , Yalnizoglu Dilek , Turanli Guzide , Sassen Robert , Hoppe Christian , Kuczaty Stefan , Barba Carmen , Kahane Philippe , Schubert‐Bast Susanne , Reuner Gitta , Bast Thomas , Strobl Karl , Mayer Hans , de Saint‐Martin Anne , Seegmuller Caroline , Laurent Agathe , Arzimanoglou Alexis , Braun Kees P. J. ,   for the TimeToStop cognitive outcome study group
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveAntiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have cognitive side effects that, particularly in children, may affect intellectual functioning. With the TimeToStop (TTS) study, we showed that timing of AED withdrawal does not majorly influence long‐term seizure outcomes. We now aimed to evaluate the effect of AED withdrawal on postoperative intelligence quotient (IQ), and change in IQ (delta IQ) following pediatric epilepsy surgery.MethodsWe collected IQ scores of children from the TTS cohort with both pre‐ and postoperative neuropsychological assessments (NPAs; n = 301) and analyzed whether reduction of AEDs prior to the latest NPA was related to postoperative IQ and delta IQ, using linear regression analyses. Factors previously identified as independently relating to (delta) IQ, and currently identified predictors of (delta) IQ, were considered possible confounders and used for adjustment. Additionally, we adjusted for a compound propensity score that contained previously identified determinants of timing of AED withdrawal.ResultsMean interval to the latest NPA was 19.8 ± 18.9 months. Reduction of AEDs at the latest NPA significantly improved postoperative IQ and delta IQ (adjusted regression coefficient [RC] = 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.6–6.2, p = 0.018 and RC = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.7–7.4, p = 0.002), as did complete withdrawal (RC = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.4–8.3, p = 0.006 and RC = 5.1, 95% CI = 1.5–8.7, p = 0.006). AED reduction also predicted ≥10‐point IQ increase (p = 0.019). The higher the number of AEDs reduced, the higher was the IQ (gain) after surgery (RC = 2.2, 95% CI = 0.6–3.7, p = 0.007 and RC = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.0–4.2, p = 0.001, IQ points per AED reduced).InterpretationStart of AED withdrawal, number of AEDs reduced, and complete AED withdrawal were associated with improved postoperative IQ scores and gain in IQ, independent of other determinants of cognitive outcome. Ann Neurol 2015;78:104–114
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Regulated Distinct Functional‐Group Display at the Inner and Outer Wall of Vesicles
Authors: Sikder Amrita , Das Anindita , Ghosh Suhrit 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA unique supramolecular strategy enables the unidirectional assembly of two bola‐shaped unsymmetric π‐amphiphiles, NDI‐1 and NDI‐2, which feature a naphthalene–diimide chromophore connected to nonionic and anionic head groups on opposite arms. The amphiphiles differ only in the location of a hydrazide group, which is placed either on the nonionic or on the anionic arm of NDI‐1 and NDI‐2, respectively. The formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydrazides, which compensates for electrostatic and steric factors, promotes unidirectional alignment and the formation of monolayer vesicles. The zeta potentials and cation‐assisted quantitative precipitation reveal negatively charged and nonionic outer surfaces for NDI‐1 and NDI‐2, respectively, indicating that hydrogen bonding also dictates the directionality of the monolayer curvature, ensuring that in both cases, the hydrazides remain at the inner wall to benefit from stronger hydrogen bonding where they are in closer proximity. This is reflected in their different abilities to inhibit α‐chymotrypsin, which possesses a positively charged surface: NDI‐1 induced an inhibition of 80 % whereas hardly any inhibition was observed with NDI‐2.
Preparation and physical properties of hyaluronic acid‐based cryogels
Authors: Ström Anna , Larsson Anette , Okay Oguz 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTMacroporous hydrogels based on hyaluronan (HA), a natural polysaccharide occurring in extracellular matrix, have attracted interest over many years owing to their numerous applications in the biomedical area. However, HA hydrogels produced so far suffer from low mechanical strength and slow rate of response against external stimuli, which limit their applications. Here, we prepared macroporous HA cryogels of high mechanical stability and fast responsivity from aqueous HA solutions at subzero temperatures using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as a crosslinking agent. HA cryogels are squeezable and no crack development was exhibited when compressed up to 80% strain. Depending on the synthesis parameters, the cryogels exhibit an elastic modulus between 0.2 and 2 kPa, and show fast swelling/deswelling behavior. The microstructure of the cryogels consists of large, interconnected pores on the order of 100 µm separated by thick pore walls, as observed by scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy. © 2015 The Authors Journal of Applied Polymer Science Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2015, 132, 42194.
Synthesis and curing behavior of novel multifunctional hybrid oligomers
Authors: Qian Jianhua , Liu Zuozhen , Chen Jianhui , Huang Rui , Shi Chao , Guo Weihong 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTNovel multifunctional hybrid vinylized epoxide oligomers (MVEOs) containing two different reactive groups were synthesized through the esterification of tetraglycidyl 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) with acrylic acid (AA) at various molar ratios. The changes of vinyl ester and epoxy groups in MVEOs were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Gel permeation chromatograph. It was found that more amount of AA in the reactant would increase the contents of vinyl ester and molecular weight. The curing behavior of MVEOs has been studied by scanning differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two distinct exothermic peaks were observed in the MVEOs which can be attributed to the radical polymerization of vinyl ester/styrene and condensation polymerization of epoxy/MeTHPA, respectively. Two different kinds of curing programs have influenced each other which makes the exothermic peaks overlapped. The DSC scan of MVEO‐2 indicated that the radical initiated curing reaction of vinyl ester won't notably affect the curing of epoxy without MeTHPA. However, the thermal curing of vinyl ester in MVEO‐2 without MEKP/Co would be occurred with the temperature rising. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42276.