bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure‐Enhanced Photocatalytic Removal of CrVI by a TiO2 Superstructure with Ultrathin Rutile Nanorods and Abundant {110} Faces
Authors: Xu Sichao , Zhang Yunxia , Wang Shuan , Xu Junmin , Ding Hualin , Li Guanghai 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSize and shape, in particular of the external surfaces, are very important factors in determining the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanostructures. Here, we demonstrate that the sea‐urchin‐like rutile superstructure with ultrathin nanorods and exposed {110} faces is an excellent photocatalyst in the removal of CrVI ions from plating wastewater. The superstructure consists of ultrathin rutile nanorods with a specific surface area of 224.4 m2 g–1; the nanorods have a diameter of several nanometers, and the exposed faces are predominantly {110} faces. This special morphology exhibits a structure‐enhanced catalytic activity because it facilitates the transport of photoelectrons to the rutile nanorod {110} faces and prevents them recombining with holes. The rutile superstructure proved excellent at removing chromium from plating wastewater by photocatalytic reduction of CrVI to CrIII in sunlight, and at adsorption of the CrIII ions. The removal effectiveness is nearly 100 % at initial Cr concentrations below 53.7 ppm, and the removal capacity can reach about 1000 mg g–1 under irradiation by sunlight for 3 hours.
Tuning the Electronic Properties of Porphyrin Dyes: Effects of meso Substitution on Their Optical and Electrochemical Behaviour
Authors: Ragoussi Maria‐Eleni , de la Torre Gema , Torres Tomás 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTwo series of unsymetrically functionalized, carboxyethynylphenyl‐containing porphyrins, bearing either 2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl or triphenylamino substituents at three of the four meso positions, have been prepared by Sonogashira coupling from the corresponding ethynyl‐ or iodo‐functionalized porphyrin precursors. UV/Vis and electrochemical measurements have been performed to determine the electronic features of these new compounds and, hence, their potential as dyes for dye‐sensitized solar cells.
Combination of an electrochemical pretreatment with a biological oxidation for the mineralization of nonbiodegradable organic dyes: Basic yellow 28 dye
Authors: Yahiaoui Idris , Aissani‐Benissad Farida , Fourcade Florence , Amrane Abdeltif 
Published: March 2013

The aim of this article was to examine the feasibility of combining an electrochemical degradation of wastewater containing Basic Yellow 28 (BY28) dye on Pb/PbO2 electrode and a biological treatment. A central composite design (CCD) was used for the screening of the significant operating parameters and the identification of the most relevant interactions. The model equation obtained led to a classification of these parameters based on their level of significance, namely temperature followed by the initial concentration of BY28, the current density and the agitation speed. A significant interaction occurred between the temperature and the initial dye concentration. The second‐order model obtained by CCD led to the following optimal conditions for dye degradation: 50 ≤ T ≤ 60°C, 8.125 ≤ i ≤ 25 mA cm−2, [BY28]0 = 134 mg L−1, and ω = 720 rpm. Under these conditions, the obtained BY28 dye degradation yield was 96%. The (BOD5/COD) ratio increased from 0.076 initially to 0.30 after pretreatment, showing that the electrochemical pretreatment of BY28 dye generate intermediate products, which are at least partially biodegradable.Microbial degradation was therefore performed for the pretreated solution in an aerobic batch reactor for 30 days using an activated sludge culture. A decrease of the residual amount of intermediate products contained in the electrolyzed solutions was observed which can be related to a biological oxidation, leading to 93% removal of the dissolved organic carbon by the combined process. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 160–169, 2014
Robust Optimal Operation of Two‐Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell System Under Uncertainty: A Stochastic Simulation Based Multi‐Objective Genetic Algorithm Approach
Authors: He Y.‐J. , Ma Z.‐F. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis investigation is performed to study the optimal operation decision of two‐chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) system under uncertainty. To gain insight into the mechanism of uncertainty propagation, a Quasi‐Monte Carlo method‐based stochastic analysis is conducted not only to elucidate the effect of each uncertain parameter on the variability of power density output, but also to illustrate the interactive effects of the all uncertain parameters on the performance of MFC. Moreover, a systematic stochastic simulation‐based multi‐objective genetic algorithm framework is proposed to identify a set of Pareto‐optimal robust operation strategies, which is helpful to provide an imperative insight into the relationship between the mean and standard deviation of output power density. The results indicate that (1) the coefficient of variance (COV) value of output power density has a linear relationship with the COV value of each uncertainty parameter as well as all interactive parameters; and (2) a significant performance improvement with respect to both mean and standard deviation of power density is observed by implementing the multi‐objective robust optimization. These results thus validate that the proposed uncertainty analysis and robust optimization framework provide a promising tool for robust optimal design and operation of fuel cell systems under uncertainty.
Option Valuation Under a Double Regime‐Switching Model
Authors: Shen Yang , Fan Kun , Siu Tak Kuen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper is concerned with option valuation under a double regime‐switching model, where both the model parameters and the price level of the risky share depend on a continuous‐time, finite‐state, observable Markov chain. In this incomplete market set up, we first employ a generalized version of the regime‐switching Esscher transform to select an equivalent martingale measure which can incorporate both the diffusion and regime‐switching risks. Using an inverse Fourier transform, an analytical option pricing formula is obtained. Finally, we apply the fast Fourier transform method to compute option prices. Numerical examples and empirical studies are used to illustrate the practical implementation of our method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:451–478, 2014
New views on “old” carbon in the Amazon River: Insight from the source of organic carbon eroded from the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Clark K. E. , Hilton R. G. , West A. J. , Malhi Y. , Gröcke D. R. , Bryant C. L. , Ascough P. L. , Robles Caceres A. , New M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMountain rivers play a key role in the delivery of particulate organic carbon (POC) to large river systems and the ocean. Due to the extent of its drainage area and runoff, the Amazon River is one of Earth's most important biogeochemical systems. However, the source of POC eroded from the humid region of the Eastern Andes and the input of fossil POC from sedimentary rocks (POCfossil) remains poorly constrained. Here we collected suspended sediments from the Kosñipata River during flood events to better characterize Andean POC, measuring the nitrogen to organic carbon ratio (N/C), stable carbon isotopes (δ13Corg) and radiocarbon (Δ14Corg). Δ14Corg values ranged from −711‰ to −15‰, and significant linear trends between Δ14Corg, N/C and δ13Corg suggested that this reflects the mixing of POCfossil with very young organic matter (Δ14Corg ~ 50‰) from the terrestrial biosphere (POCnon‐fossil). Using N/C and Δ14Corg in an end‐member mixing analysis, we quantify the fraction of POCfossil (to within 0.1) and find that it contributes a constant proportion of the suspended sediment mass (0.37 ± 0.03%) and up to 80% of total POC. In contrast, the relative contribution of POCnon‐fossil was variable, being most important during the rising limb and peak discharges of flood events. The new data shed light on published measurements of “old” POC (low Δ14Corg) in Andean‐fed tributaries of the Amazon River, with their Δ14Corg and δ13Corg values consistent with variable addition of POCfossil. The findings suggest a greater persistence of Andean POC in the lowland Amazon than previously recognized.
Distinct set of kinases induced after retrieval of spatial memory discriminate memory modulation processes in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Li Lin , Sase Ajinkya , Patil Sudarshan , Sunyer Berta , Höger Harald , Smalla Karl-Heinz , Stork Oliver , Lubec Gert 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTProtein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events play a key role in memory formation and various protein kinases and phosphatases have been firmly associated with memory performance. Here, we determined expression changes of protein kinases and phosphatases following retrieval of spatial memory in CD1 mice in a Morris Water Maze task, using antibody microarrays and confirmatory Western blot. Comparing changes following single and consecutive retrieval, we identified stably and differentially expressed kinases, some of which have never been implicated before in memory functions. On the basis of these findings we define a small signaling network associated with spatial memory retrieval. Moreover, we describe differential regulation and correlation of expression levels with behavioral performance of polo‐like kinase 1. Together with its recently observed genetic association to autism‐spectrum disorders our data suggest a role of this kinase in balancing preservation and flexibility of learned behavior. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Axitinib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results of a Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis
Authors: Rini Brian I. , Garrett May , Poland Bill , Dutcher Janice P. , Rixe Olivier , Wilding George , Stadler Walter M. , Pithavala Yazdi K. , Kim Sinil , Tarazi Jamal , Motzer Robert J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAxitinib is a potent and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3, approved for second‐line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Axitinib population pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships were evaluated. Using nonlinear mixed effects modeling with pooled data from 383 healthy volunteers, 181 patients with metastatic RCC, and 26 patients with other solid tumors in 17 trials, the disposition of axitinib was best described by a 2‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and a lag time, with estimated mean systemic clearance (CL) of 14.6 L/h and central volume of distribution (Vc) of 47.3 L. Of 12 covariates tested, age over 60 years and Japanese ethnicity were associated with decreased CL, whereas Vc increased with body weight. However, the magnitude of predicted changes in exposure based on these covariates does not warrant dose adjustments. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression and logistic regression analyses showed that higher exposure and diastolic blood pressure were independently associated with longer progression‐free and overall survivals and higher probability of partial response in metastatic RCC patients. These findings support axitinib dose titration to increase plasma exposure in patients who tolerate axitinib, and also demonstrate diastolic blood pressure as a potential marker of efficacy.
Ultrastructural observations of programmed cell death during metanephric development in mouse
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Guo Min , Shao Youzhi 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious studies revealed apoptosis as an only programmed cell death (PCD) during renal morphogenesis before alternative type of PCD, necroptosis were introduced. Evidences of non‐apoptotic PCD during renal development were scarce and needed to be accumulated. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether non‐apoptotic PCD is involved in and observe ultrastructural features of apoptotic cells or non‐apoptotic PCD during metanephros development. For this purpose, light and transmission electron microscopy were used. The most significant finding to come out of this study was that necroptosis was observed during developing metanephros by electron microscopy. The results also provided another fact that apoptosis and necroptosis constituted the PCD during embryonic development of kidney in mouse. Compared to necroptosis, apoptosis was more predominantly evident throughout whole development period and in every compartment of metanephros except for proximal tubule. However, necroptosis was only exhibited in developing nephrons also except for proximal tubule. In addition, outcomes of PCD were related to morphogenetic features of metanephric development. Efferocytosis for apoptotic cell or bodies took place in each type cell and whole period of developing metanephros. Besides efferocytosis blood flow and urine flux were available to remove the corpses of PCD, especially PCD from developing nephrons. Our findings suggested that both apoptosis and necroptosis play important roles during nephrogenesis and observed three ways to clear the PCD cell: efferocytosis, blood flow, and urine flux. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:467–475, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Date fruit: chemical composition, nutritional and medicinal values, products
Authors: Tang Zhen‐Xing , Shi Lu‐E , Aleid Salah M 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDate fruit has served as a staple food in the Arab world for centuries. Worldwide production of date fruit has increased almost threefold over the last 40 years, reaching 7.68 million tons in 2010. Date fruit can provide many essential nutrients and potential health benefits to the consumer. Date fruit goes through four ripening stages named kimri, khalal, rutab and tamer. The main chemical components of date fruit include carbohydrates, dietary fibre, enzymes, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins, phenolic acids and carotenoids. The chemical composition of date fruit varies according to ripening stage, cultivar, growing environment, postharvest conditions, etc. The nutritional and medicinal activities of date fruit are related to its chemical composition. Many studies have shown that date fruit has antioxidant, antimutagenic, anti‐inflammatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anticancer and immunostimulant activities. Various date fruit‐based products such as date syrup, date paste, date juice and their derived products are available. Date by‐products can be used as raw materials for the production of value‐added products such as organic acids, exopolysaccharides, antibiotics, date‐flavoured probiotic‐fermented dairy produce, bakery yeasts, etc. In this paper the chemical composition and nutritional and medicinal values of date fruit as well as date fruit‐based products are reviewed. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical and histologic studies of olfactory outcomes after nasoseptal flap harvesting
Authors: Kim Sang‐Wook , Park Kyung Bum , Khalmuratova Roza , Lee Hong‐Kyoung , Jeon Sea‐Yuong , Kim Dae Woo 
Published: March 2013

Objectives/HypothesisSince the introduction of an endonasal endoscopic approach in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, reports of perioperative olfactory changes have presented conflicting results. We examined the incidence of olfactory loss in cases of endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery with skull base repair using the nasoseptal flap (NSF) and the effects of monopolar electrocautery commonly used in designing the NSF.Study DesignCase‐control study.MethodsFifteen patients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery with skull base reconstruction using the NSF were divided into cold knife (n = 8) and electrocautery (n = 7) groups according to the device used in the superior incision of the NSF. Patients were followed regularly to monitor the need for dressing or adhesiolysis around the olfactory cleft. All subjects received olfactory tests before and 6 months after surgery. Septal mucosa specimens obtained during posterior septectomy were incised with different devices, and the degree of mucosal damage was evaluated.ResultsOne patient in the electrocautery group demonstrated olfactory dysfunction postoperatively, but the other 14 patients showed no decrease in olfaction. In histologic analyses, 55.8% and 76.9% of the mucosal surface showed total epithelial loss when the mucosa was cut with cutting‐ and coagulation‐mode electrocautery, respectively. In contrast, only 20% of the mucosal surface exhibited total epithelial loss when the mucosa was cut with a cold knife (P < .01).ConclusionsOlfactory impairment is not common after use of the NSF. Use of the cold knife in making superior incision may reduce tissue damage with better olfactory outcomes.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 2013
Suramin attenuates dystrophin‐deficient cardiomyopathy in the mdx mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: De Oliveira Moreira Drielen , Pereira Juliano Alves , Taniguti Ana Paula Tiemi , Matsumura Cíntia Yuri , Ramos Luis Alberto Ferreira , Areas Miguel Arcanjo , Neto Humberto Santo , Marques Maria Julia 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of suramin, an antifibrotic agent, on cardiac function and remodeling in mdx mice. Methods: mdx mice (8 months old) received intraperitoneal injections of suramin twice a week for 3 months. Control mdx mice (8 months old) were injected with saline. Results: Suramin improved the electrocardiography profile with the main corrections seen in S‐ to R‐wave ratio, PR interval, and Q amplitude, and a significant decrease in the cardiomyopathy index. Suramin decreased myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and myonecrosis. Conclusions: These findings suggest that suramin may be a new adjunctive therapy to help improve cardiomyopathy in DMD. Muscle Nerve 48: 911–919, 2013
Initial testing (stage 1) of eribulin, a novel tubulin binding agent, by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Kolb E. Anders , Gorlick Richard , Reynolds C. Patrick , Kang Min H. , Carol Hernan , Lock Richard , Keir Stephen T. , Maris John M. , Billups Catherine A. , DesJardins Christopher , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Houghton Peter J. , Smith Malcolm A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundAntimitotic agents are essential components for curative therapy of pediatric acute leukemias and many solid tumors. Eribulin is a novel agent that differs from both Vinca alkaloids and taxanes in its mode of binding to tubulin polymers.ProceduresEribulin was tested against the PPTP in vitro cell line panel at concentrations from 0.1 nM to 1.0 μM and against the PPTP in vivo xenograft panels at a dose of 1 mg/kg (solid tumors) or 1.5 mg/kg (ALL models) using a q4dx3 schedule repeated at Day 21.ResultsIn vitro eribulin demonstrated cytotoxic activity, with a median relative IC50 value of 0.27 nM, (range <0.1–14.8 nM). Eribulin was well tolerated in vivo, and all 43 xenograft models were considered evaluable for efficacy. Eribulin induced significant differences in event‐free survival (EFS) distribution compared to control in 29 of 35 (83%) of the solid tumors and in 8 of 8 (100%) of the ALL xenografts. Objective responses were observed in 18 of 35 (51%) solid tumor xenografts. Complete responses (CR) or maintained CR were observed in panels of Wilms tumor, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, glioblastoma, and osteosarcoma xenografts. All eight ALL xenografts achieved CR or MCR.ConclusionsThe high level of activity observed for eribulin against the PPTP preclinical models makes this an interesting agent to consider for pediatric evaluation. The activity pattern observed for eribulin in the solid tumor panels is equal or superior to that observed previously for vincristine. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;601325‐1332. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hexagonal germanium formed via a pressure‐induced phase transformation of amorphous germanium under controlled nanoindentation
Authors: Williams James S. , Haber Bianca , Deshmukh Sarita , Johnson Brett C. , Malone Brad D. , Cohen Marvin L. , Bradby Jodie E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have studied the stable end phase formed in amorphous germanium (a‐Ge) films that have been subjected to a pressure‐induced phase transformation under indentation loading using a large (20 µm) spherical indenter. After indentation the samples have been annealed at room temperature to remove any residual unstable R8 and BC8 phases. Raman spectroscopy indicates a single broad peak centred around 292 cm–1 and we have used first principles density functional perturbation theory calculations and simulated Raman spectra for nano‐crystalline diamond cubic germanium (DC‐Ge) to help identification of the final phase as hexagonal diamond germanium (HEX‐Ge). Transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of a dominant HEX‐Ge end phase. These results help explain significant inconsistencies in the literature relating to indentation‐induced phase transitions in DC‐ and a‐Ge. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A ‘Boscastle‐type’ quasi‐stationary convective system over the UK Southwest Peninsula
Authors: Warren R. A. , Kirshbaum D. J. , Plant R. S. , Lean H. W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn investigation is presented of a quasi‐stationary convective system (QSCS) which occurred over the UK Southwest Peninsula on 21 July 2010. This system was remarkably similar in its location and structure to one which caused devastating flash flooding in the coastal village of Boscastle, Cornwall on 16 August 2004. Both events were characterised by deep southwesterly flow and saw the repeated development of convective cells along the west coast of the Southwest Peninsula. However, in the 2010 case, rainfall accumulations were around four times smaller and no flooding was recorded. The more extreme nature of the Boscastle case is shown to be related to three factors: (1) higher rain rates, associated with a warmer and moister tropospheric column and deeper convective clouds; (2) a more stationary system, due to slower evolution of the large‐scale flow; and (3) distribution of the heaviest precipitation over fewer river catchments.A numerical simulation of the July 2010 event was performed using a 1.5 km grid length configuration of the Met Office Unified Model. This reveals that convection was repeatedly initiated through lifting along a quasi‐stationary boundary‐layer convergence line. Sensitivity tests are used to show that this convergence line was a sea‐breeze front which temporarily stalled along the coastline due to the retarding influence of an offshore‐directed background wind component. Several deficiencies are noted in the 1.5 km model's representation of the storm system, including delayed convective initiation; however, significant improvements are observed when the grid length is reduced to 500 m. These result in part from an improved representation of the convergence line, which enhances the associated low‐level ascent, allowing air parcels to more readily reach their level of free convection. The implications of this finding for forecasting convective precipitation are discussed.