bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary Artery Disease Is A Stronger Predictor of All‐Cause Mortality Than Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Heart Failure: Insights From the WDHR
Authors: Nielsen Roni Ranghoej , Pryds Kasper , Olesen Kevin Kris Warnakula , Mortensen Martin Bødtker , Gyldenkerne Christine , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Hindricks Gerhard , Dagres Nikolaos , Maeng Michael 
Published: July 2024

Background
In patients with newly diagnosed heart failure (HF) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%, little is known whether LVEF per se or presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) provides independent prognostic information on all‐cause mortality.

Methods and Results
Using the WDHR (Western Denmark Heart Registry), we identified 3620 patients with newly diagnosed HF and LVEF 10% to 49% referred for first‐time coronary angiography as part of general workup of HF. Patients were stratified by LVEF (10%–35% versus 36%–49%) and presence of CAD. We estimated 10‐year all‐cause mortality risk and calculated hazard ratios adjusted for relevant comorbidities and risk factors (aHRs). CAD was present in 1592 (44%) patients. Lower LVEF was associated with a relative 15% increased 10‐year mortality: 37% for LVEF 36% to 49% versus 42% for LVEF 10% to 35% (aHR, 1.15 [95% CI, 0.99–1.34]). This result did not change when stratified into those with CAD (52% versus 56%; aHR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.91–1.35]) and those without CAD (27% versus 33%; aHR, 1.24 [95% CI, 0.97–1.57]). In comparison, presence and extent of CAD were associated with a relative 43% increased 10‐year mortality (CAD versus no CAD, 55.0% versus 31.5%; aHR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.25–1.64]). Compared with a matched general population, excess mortality risk was higher for patients with HF and CAD (54.7% versus 26.3%; aHR, 2.10 [95% CI, 1.85–2.39]) versus those with HF and no CAD (31.4% versus 17.2%; aHR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.52–2.02]).

Conclusions
Among newly diagnosed patients with HF and LVEF <50%, presence and extent of CAD are associated with substantial higher all‐cause mortality risk than lower LVEF.
Impaired Cardiac Sympathetic Activity Is Associated With Myocardial Remodeling and Established Biomarkers of Heart Failure
Authors: da Silva Luis M. , Coy‐Canguçu Andréa , Paim Layde R. , Bau Adriana A. , Nicolela Geraldo Martins Camila , Pinheiro Stephan , Citeli Ribeiro Vinicius , Magalhães Rocha Walter E. , Mattos‐Souza Jose R. , Schreiber Roberto , Antunes‐Correa Lígia , Sposito Andrei , Nadruz Wilson , Ramos Celso D. , Neilan Tomas , Jerosch‐Herold Michael , Coelho‐Filho Otávio R. 
Published: July 2024

Background

123
Iodine‐meta‐iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy is useful for assessing cardiac autonomic dysfunction and predict outcomes in heart failure (HF). The relationship of cardiac sympathetic function with myocardial remodeling and diffuse fibrosis remains largely unknown. We aimed to evaluate the cardiac sympathetic function of patients with HF and its relation with myocardial remodeling and exercise capacity.

Methods and Results

Prospectively enrolled patients with HF (New York Heart Association class II–III) were stratified into HF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≥45%) and reduced LVEF. Ventricular morphology/function and myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) fraction were quantified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance, global longitudinal strain by echocardiography, cardiac sympathetic function by heart‐to‐mediastinum ratio from
123
iodine‐meta‐iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. All participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The cohort included 33 patients with HF with preserved LVEF (LVEF, 60±10%; NT‐proBNP [N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide], 248 [interquartile range, 79–574] pg/dL), 28 with HF with reduced LVEF (LVEF, 30±9%; NT‐proBNP, 743 [interquartile range, 250–2054] pg/dL) and 20 controls (LVEF, 65±5%; NT‐proBNP, 40 [interquartile range, 19–50] pg/dL). Delayed (4 hours)
123
iodine‐meta‐iodobenzylguanidine heart‐to‐mediastinum ratio was lower in HF with preserved LVEF (1.59±0.25) and HF with reduced LVEF (1.45±0.16) versus controls (1.92±0.24;
P
<0.001), and correlated negatively with diffuse fibrosis assessed by ECV (
R
=−0.34,
P
<0.01). ECV in segments without LGE was increased in HF with preserved ejection fraction (0.32±0.05%) and HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (0.31±0.04%) versus controls (0.28±0.04,
P
<0.05) and was associated with the age‐ and sex‐adjusted maximum oxygen consumption (peak oxygen consumption); (
R
=−0.41,
P
<0.01). Preliminary analysis indicates that cardiac sympathetic function might potentially act as a mediator in the association between ECV and NT‐proBNP levels.

Conclusions
Abnormally low cardiac sympathetic function in patients with HF with reduced and preserved LVEF is associated with extracellular volume expansion and decreased cardiopulmonary functional capacity.
Verification of Tropical Cyclogenesis Forecasts of the Korean Integrated Model for 2020–21
Authors: Jung Jiyoung , Chang Minhee , Lee Eun-Hee , Sung Mi-Kyung 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accurate tropical cyclogenesis (TCG) prediction is important because it allows national operational forecasting agencies to issue timely warnings and implement effective disaster prevention measures. In 2020, the Korea Meteorological Administration employed a self-developed operational model called the Korean Integrated Model (KIM). In this study, we verified KIM’s TCG forecast skill over the western North Pacific. Based on 9-day forecasts, TCG in the model was objectively detected and classified as well-predicted, early formation, late formation, miss, or false alarm by comparing their formation times and locations with those of 46 tropical cyclones (TCs) from June to November in 2020–21 documented by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The prediction of large-scale environmental conditions relevant to TCG was also evaluated. The results showed that the probability of KIM detection was comparable to or better than that of previously reported statistics of other numerical weather prediction models. The intrabasin comparison revealed that the probability of detection in the Philippine Sea was the highest, followed by the South China Sea and central Pacific. The best TCG prediction performance in the Philippine Sea was supported by unbiased forecasts in large-scale environments. The missed and false alarm cases in all three regions had the largest prediction biases in the large-scale lower-tropospheric relative vorticity. Excessive false alarms may be associated with prediction biases in the vertical gradient of equivalent potential temperature within the boundary layer. This study serves as a primary guide for national forecasters and is useful to model developers for further refinement of KIM.
Assessment of Textbook Content and Teachers’ Competence in Climate Change Education at the Primary Level
Authors: Batool Aneela , Behlol Malik Ghulam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aims to examine the climate change education (CCE) provision in grade 5 textbooks (science and social studies) and the competence of teachers in teaching CCE in a primary girls’ schools in Skardu, Baltistan, Pakistan. It employs mixed-method research that uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches to gather data. The first phase of the study involved collecting qualitative data to examine the provision of CCE content in selected textbooks taught in grade 5. The researcher adapted an interview questionnaire to assess the competence of teachers teaching in 38 schools. The provision of themes and topics based on the seven principles of climate literacy given by the U.S. Global Change Research Program was identified by using latent content analysis (LCA). The study concludes that science and social studies textbooks lack the incorporation of CCE content of principles 1, 4, 6, and 7. Furthermore, the majority of teachers have not received training to use digital media and apply activity-based methods to engage campus and community support for CCE. The study also found that the selected schools lack school planting campaigns, CCE committees, and CCE walks. Above all, the respondents possess conflicting views about whether climate change is a natural or human-contributed phenomenon.

Significance Statement
Like other countries around the globe, Pakistan is the victim of climatic disasters which have disastrous effects on the economy, agriculture, healthcare, and weather conditions. These effects are exacerbated by lacking awareness, attitudinal issues, and poor pro-climate-supported practices at the academic and societal levels (Asian Development Bank 2022). Awareness, knowledge, and a supportive environment during childhood form attitudes and promote practices that have lasting impacts throughout the life of the individual (Gulraiz and Ali 2021). Therefore, children need to learn and adopt proclimate lifestyles, such as observing cleanliness, practicing planting, and judicious use of energy resources. With this background, we assessed the textbooks based on seven principles of climate literacy given by the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP 2009) and observed that principles 1, 4, 6, and 7 are not adequately addressed in science and social studies textbooks taught in public schools. Moreover, teachers have not received training to use digital media and gather campus and community support, and they have a stereotypical understanding of climate change. The study possesses significant implications for curriculum revisions and elementary education management to address the gaps relating to climate change education (CCE).
Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of peach leaves and fruits in response to pruning
Authors: Liu Xiao-Fei , An Xiu-Hong , Li Xin-Miao , Zhang He , Cao Hong-Bo , Chen Hai-Jiang , Tian Yi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Pruning is an important cultivation management option that has important effects on peach yield and quality. However, the effects of pruning on the overall genetic and metabolic changes in peach leaves and fruits are poorly understood.

Results
The transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of leaves and fruits from trees subjected to pruning and unpruning treatments were measured. A total of 20,633 genes and 622 metabolites were detected. Compared with those in the control, 1,127 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 77 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified in leaves from pruned and unpruned trees (pdLvsupdL), whereas 423 DEGs and 29 DEMs were identified in fruits from the pairwise comparison pdFvsupdF. The content of three auxin analogues was upregulated in the leaves of pruned trees, the content of all flavonoids detected in the leaves decreased, and the expression of almost all genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway decreased. The phenolic acid and amino acid metabolites detected in fruits from pruned trees were downregulated, and all terpenoids were upregulated. The correlation analysis revealed that DEGs and DEMs in leaves were enriched in tryptophan metabolism, auxin signal transduction, and flavonoid biosynthesis. DEGs and DEMs in fruits were enriched in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, as well as L-glutamic acid biosynthesis.

Conclusions
Pruning has different effects on the leaves and fruits of peach trees, affecting mainly the secondary metabolism and hormone signalling pathways in leaves and amino acid biosynthesis in fruits.
Tumour-associated and non-tumour-associated bacteria co-abundance groups in colorectal cancer
Authors: Liang Yuxuan , Zhang Qingrong , Yu Jing , Hu Wenyan , Xu Sihua , Xiao Yiyuan , Ding Hui , Zhou Jiaming , Chen Haitao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background & aims
Gut microbiota is closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the differences in bacterial co-abundance groups (CAGs) between tumor tissue (TT) and normal tissue (NT), as well as their associations with clinical features, are needed to be clarified.

Methods
Bacterial 16 S rRNA sequencing was performed by using TT samples and NT samples of 251 patients with colorectal cancer. Microbial diversity, taxonomic characteristics, microbial composition, and functional pathways were compared between TT and NT. Hierarchical clustering was used to construct CAGs.

Results
Four CAGs were grouped in the hierarchical cluster analysis. CAG 2, which was mainly comprised of pathogenic bacteria, was significantly enriched in TT samples (2.27% in TT vs. 0.78% in NT, p < 0.0001). CAG 4, which was mainly comprised of non-pathogenic bacteria, was significantly enriched in NT samples (0.62% in TT vs. 0.79% in NT, p = 0.0004). In addition, CAG 2 was also significantly associated with tumor microsatellite instability (13.2% in unstable vs. 2.0% in stable, p = 0.016), and CAG 4 was positively correlated with the level of CA199 (r = 0.17, p = 0.009).

Conclusions
Our research will deepen our understanding of the interactions among multiple bacteria and offer insights into the potential mechanism of NT to TT transition.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calmodulin and calmodulin-like genes in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) and their involvement in flower and fruit development
Authors: Zhang Dan , Du Lumiao , Lin Jinting , Wang Lulu , Zheng Ping , Deng Biao , Zhang Wenbin , Su Weiqiang , Liu Yanhui , Lu Yuming , Qin Yuan , Wang Xiaomei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins play regulatory roles in plant growth and development, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and other biological processes. As a popular fruit and ornamental crop, it is important to explore the regulatory mechanism of flower and fruit development of passion fruit.

Results
In this study, 32 PeCaM/PeCML genes were identified from passion fruit genome and were divided into 9 groups based on phylogenetic analysis. The structural analysis, including conserved motifs, gene structure and homologous modeling, illustrates that the PeCaM/PeCML in the same subgroup have relative conserved structural features. Collinearity analysis suggested that the expansion of the CaM/CML gene family likely took place mainly by segmental duplication, and the whole genome replication events were closely related with the rapid expansion of the gene group. PeCaM/PeCMLs were potentially required for different floral tissues development. Significantly, PeCML26 had extremely high expression levels during ovule and fruit development compared with other PeCML genes, suggesting that PeCML26 had potential functions involved in the development of passion fruit flowers and fruits. The co-presence of various cis-elements associated with growth and development, hormone responsiveness, and stress responsiveness in the promoter regions of these PeCaM/PeCMLs might contribute to their diverse regulatory roles. Furthermore, PeCaM/PeCMLs were also induced by various abiotic stresses. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the CaM/CML gene family and valuable clues for future studies on the function and evolution of CaM/CML genes in passion fruit.

Conclusion
A total of 32 PeCaM/PeCML genes were divided into 9 groups. The PeCaM/PeCML genes showed differential expression patterns in floral tissues at different development stages. It is worth noting that PeCML26, which is highly homologous to AtCaM2, not only interacts with multiple BBR-BPC TFs, but also has high expression levels during ovule and fruit development, suggesting that PeCML26 had potential functions involved in the development of passion fruit flowers and fruits. This research lays the foundation for future investigations and validation of the potential function of PeCaM/PeCML genes in the growth and development of passion fruit.
Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces oxidative/carbonyl stress damage and dysfunction of RyR2 in the heart of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: feng Chunpeng , Song Jianping , Deng Lan , Zhang Jinfeng , Lian Xinyi , Zhen Zhong , Liu Jinfeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Oxidative stress may contribute to cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is a major pharmacologically active component of ginseng to treat cardiovascular diseases. Whether Rb1 treat diabetes injured heart remains unknown. This study was to investigate the effect of Rb1 on diabetes injured cardiac muscle tissue and to further investigate its possible molecular pharmacology mechanisms.

Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected streptozotocin solution for 2 weeks, followed 6 weeks Rb1 or insulin treatment. The activity of SOD, CAT, Gpx, and the levels of MDA was measured; histological and ultrastructure analyses, RyR2 activity and phosphorylated RyR2(Ser2808) protein expression analyses; and Tunel assay were performed.

Results
There was decreased activity of SOD, CAT, Gpx and increased levels of MDA in the diabetic group from control. Rb1 treatment increased activity of SOD, CAT, Gpx and decreased the levels of MDA as compared with diabetic rats. Neutralizing the RyR2 activity significantly decreased in diabetes from control, and increased in Rb1 treatment group from diabetic group. The expression of phosphorylation of RyR2 Ser2808 was increased in diabetic rats from control, and were attenuated with insulin and Rb1 treatment. Diabetes increased the apoptosis rate, and Rb1 treatment decreased the apoptosis rate. Rb1 and insulin ameliorated myocardial injury in diabetic rats.

Conclusions
These data indicate that Rb1 could be useful for mitigating oxidative damage, reduced phosphorylation of RyR2 Ser2808 and decreased the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Reduction in ACE2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during COVID-19 – implications for post COVID-19 conditions
Authors: Ahmed Gulrayz , Abdelgadir Yasir , Abdelghani Amro , Simpson Pippa , Barbeau Jody , Basel Donald , Barrios Christy S. , Smith Brandon A , Schilter Kala F , Udani Rupa , Reddi Honey V. , Willoughby Rodney E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Severe COVID-19 is uncommon, restricted to 19% of the total population. In response to the first virus wave (alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2), we investigated whether a biomarker indicated severity of disease and, in particular, if variable expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in blood might clarify this difference in risk and of post COVID -19 conditions (PCC).

Methods
The IRB-approved study compared patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 to healthy controls. Severe infection was defined requiring oxygen or increased oxygen need from baseline at admission with positive COVID-19 PCR. A single blood sample was obtained from patients within a day of admission. ACE2 RNA expression in blood cells was measured by an RT-PCR assay. Plasma ACE1 and ACE2 enzyme activities were quantified by fluorescent peptides. Plasma TIMP-1, PIIINP and MMP-9 antigens were quantified by ELISA. Data were entered into REDCap and analyzed using STATA v 14 and GraphPad Prism v 10.

Results
Forty-eight patients and 72 healthy controls were recruited during the pandemic. ACE2 RNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was rarely detected acutely during severe COVID-19 but common in controls (OR for undetected ACE2: 12.4 [95% CI: 2.62-76.1]). ACE2 RNA expression in PBMC did not determine plasma ACE1 and ACE2 activity, suggesting alternative cell-signaling pathways. Markers of fibrosis (TIMP-1 and PIIINP) and vasculopathy (MMP-9) were additionally elevated. ACE2 RNA expression during severe COVID-19 often responded within hours to convalescent plasma. Analogous to oncogenesis, we speculate that potent, persistent, cryptic processes following COVID-19 (the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), fibrosis and vasculopathy) initiate or promote post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) in susceptible individuals.

Conclusions
This work elucidates biological and temporal plausibility for ACE2, TIMP1, PIIINP and MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of PCC. Intersection of these independent systems is uncommon and may in part explain the rarity of PCC.
Timely initiation of complementary feeding and associated factors among mothers having children aged 6 to 24 months in North-West Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Kegne Tilahun , Alemu Yihun Mulugeta , Wassie Gizachew Tadesse 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The timely introduction of complementary foods during infancy is necessary for nutritional reasons, and to enable the transition from milk feeding to family foods. In the past years, despite efforts that have been put to increase the utilization of timely initiation of complementary feeding practice in Ethiopia, improvements are not satisfactory.

Objective
To compare the prevalence of timely initiation of complementary feeding and its associated factors among mothers who have Children 6–24 months in Debre Tabor town and rural Farta district, North-west Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods
A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was employed from December 1/2020 to 30/ 2020 among 1100 mothers. Data were collected using a structured questioner and analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions. Logistic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval carried out to determine the association between explanatory and the outcome variables. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The prevalence of timely initiation of complementary feeding among urban and rural mothers was 69.8% with (95% CI: 66%, 74%) and 51.9% with (95% CI: 48- 56%) respectively. Urban residence [AOR = 1.39, 95% CI: (1.02–1.94)], had antenatal care visits [AOR = 0.24 (95%CI: (0.13, 0.44)], had post natal care checkups [AOR = 0.44, 95%CI: (0. 27- 0.72)] and being a governmental employee [AOR = 2.82; 95% CI: (1.91–6.1)] were factors associated with timely initiation of complementary feeding among urban mothers. Whereas in rural settings: institutional delivery [(AOR = 2.21, CI: 1.35–3.65)], post natal care checkups [(AOR = 0.53, CI: (0.36–0.77)] being daily laborer [AOR = 3.47; 95% CI: (1.78–6.75)] were associated with timely initiation of complementary feeding.

Conclusion
The prevalence of timely introduction of complementary feeding in children aged 6–24 months is still low in the study areas. There was also disparity between urban and rural mothers in which urban mothers practiced better.