bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous whole‐liver water T1 and T2 mapping with isotropic resolution during free‐breathing
Authors: Stelter Jonathan , Weiss Kilian , Steinhelfer Lisa , Spieker Veronika , Huaroc Moquillaza Elizabeth , Zhang Weitong , Makowski Marcus R. , Schnabel Julia A. , Kainz Bernhard , Braren Rickmer F. , Karampinos Dimitrios C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop and validate a data acquisition scheme combined with a motion‐resolved reconstruction and dictionary‐matching‐based parameter estimation to enable free‐breathing isotropic resolution self‐navigated whole‐liver simultaneous water‐specific
(
) and
(
) mapping for the characterization of diffuse and oncological liver diseases.MethodsThe proposed data acquisition consists of a magnetization preparation pulse and a two‐echo gradient echo readout with a radial stack‐of‐stars trajectory, repeated with different preparations to achieve different
and
contrasts in a fixed acquisition time of 6 min. Regularized reconstruction was performed using self‐navigation to account for motion during the free‐breathing acquisition, followed by water–fat separation. Bloch simulations of the sequence were applied to optimize the sequence timing for
insensitivity at 3 T, to correct for relaxation‐induced blurring, and to map
and
using a dictionary. The proposed method was validated on a water–fat phantom with varying relaxation properties and in 10 volunteers against imaging and spectroscopy reference values. The performance and robustness of the proposed method were evaluated in five patients with abdominal pathologies.ResultsSimulations demonstrate good
insensitivity of the proposed method in measuring
and
values. The proposed method produces co‐registered
and
maps with a good agreement with reference methods (phantom:
;
). The proposed
and
mapping exhibits good repeatability and can be robustly performed in patients with pathologies.ConclusionsThe proposed method allows whole‐liver
and
quantification with high accuracy at isotropic resolution in a fixed acquisition time during free‐breathing.
Oral health access and self‐reported outcomes in patients with chronic intestinal failure requiring home intravenous support
Authors: Osland Emma J. , Bhatt Swati , Nelms Melanie , Pateman Kelsey 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) may be predisposed to poor oral health outcomes. This study explored the self‐reported oral health status, function, and psychological impacts of oral health of adult patients with CIF, their access to dental care, and how these compare with the broader population.MethodsAll patients >18 years old receiving home intravenous therapies for CIF were invited to complete a self‐reported questionnaire providing information on oral health status and access to oral health services. Collateral information was provided by treating clinicians. Descriptive data analysis was undertaken, including subgroup analysis of clinical characteristics, and was compared with the available population‐level data.ResultsTwenty‐four patients participated. Short gut and dysmotility accounted for 88% of the etiologies of CIF. Respondents reported good preventative oral health behaviors (96%), accessing dental care within the last 12 months (75%), and limited barriers to receiving care. Dry mouth (96%), oral pain (59%), and temperature sensitivity (60%) were commonly reported across the cohort. Smoking history and reduced oral diet were associated with significantly worse self‐reported oral health outcomes. Patients with CIF reported worse oral health outcomes despites better oral health access than the general population.ConclusionPatients with CIF appear to be at risk of poor oral health outcomes, especially where smoking or reduced oral intake are concurrently involved. Clinicians involved in CIF care should be alert to the oral health needs of this population and consider oral and dental health as part of the multidisciplinary care required for optimal CIF care.
Semiexplicit K‐symplectic‐like methods with energy conservation for noncanonical Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Zhu Beibei , Gu Ran 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor the nonseparable noncanonical Hamiltonian systems, we propose efficient K‐symplectic‐like methods which are semiexplicit and energy‐preserving. By introducing two copies of the phase space and constructing an augmented Hamiltonian, we can separate the noncanonical Hamiltonian system into two explicitly integrable parts. Subsequently, explicit K‐symplectic methods can be constructed by using the splitting and composing method. To enforce constraints on the two copies of the phase space, we provide two transformations with energy conservation property. This enables us to obtain semiexplicit K‐symplectic‐like methods that preserve energy. Two algorithms are provided to implement the semiexplicit K‐symplectic‐like methods with energy conservation and their convergence has been proved. Numerical results on two noncanonical Hamiltonian systems demonstrate that the energy errors of our proposed methods remain bounded within machine precision over long time without exhibiting energy drift. Furthermore, the proposed methods exhibit superior computational efficiency compared to the canonicalized symplectic methods of the same order.
Risk Factors for Plate Infection, Exposure, and Removal in Mandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Shah Keshav V. , Patel Saawan D. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Cannady Steven B. , Chalian Ara A. , Brody Robert M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveMandibular plate reconstruction (MPR) is often indicated after tumor ablation, osteoradionecrosis excision, and traumatic bone loss to restore oral functionality and facial cosmetics. There are limited analyses identifying risk factors that lead to plate infection (PIn), exposure, and removal (“plate complications”).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAcademic tertiary medical center.MethodsPatients who underwent MPR from 2013 to 2022 were identified. Risk factors for plate complications were analyzed based on demographic, clinical, intraoperative, and postoperative factors. Multivariable analysis was conducted with logistic regression. Survival analysis was conducted with a Cox model.ResultsOf the 188 patients analyzed, 48 (25.5%) had a plate complication [infection: 22 (11.7%); exposure: 23 (12.2%); removal: 35 (18.6%)]. Multivariate analysis revealed predictive associations between at least 1 plate complication and the following variables: smoking status, soft tissue defect size, number of plates, average screw length, and various postoperative complications. Other associations approached the threshold for significance. Prior and adjuvant radiation therapy, type of free flap, stock versus custom plates, and perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis regimens were not associated with plate complications. No plate complication was independently associated with lower overall survival. PIn (hazard ratio, HR: 7.99, confidence interval, CI [4.11, 15.54]) and exposure (HR: 3.56, CI [1.79, 7.08]) were independently associated with higher rates of plate removal.ConclusionPlate complications are relatively common after MPR. Smoking history, specific disease characteristics, hardware used during surgery, and postoperative complications may help identify higher‐risk patients, but additional larger‐scale studies are needed to validate our findings and resolve discrepancies in the current literature.
Medicare Advantage Prior Authorization Requirements for Otolaryngologic Procedures in 2021
Authors: Miller Lauren E. , Miller Ashley L. , Rocco James W. , Rathi Vinay K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLittle is known about the extent of prior authorization requirements in otolaryngology. We performed a secondary analysis of data comparing prior authorization (PA) policies across 5 major Medicare Advantage insurers to estimate the counterfactual proportion of 2021 Medicare Part B fee‐for‐service spending and utilization for commonly performed otolaryngologic procedures that would have required PA. The counterfactual proportion of spending (range: 20.4%–27.6%) and utilization (range: 1.8%–4.5%) requiring PA was relatively consistent across insurers and largely attributable to rhinologic procedures. However, PA requirements for specific services varied widely among insurers. Among the 70 (of 196; 35.7%) services subject to PA by any insurer, nearly half were subject to PA by a single insurer (n = 34; 48.6%). Only 10 (14.3%) services were subject to PA by 4 (n = 6; 8.6%) or 5 (n = 4; 5.7%) insurers. These discrepancies illustrate the challenges of navigating discordant insurer policies for otolaryngologists and raise concerns about the validity of certain PA requirements.
Characterizing social conflict over wolf reintroduction in Colorado: A theoretical model of intergroup conflict
Authors: Gonzalez Mireille N. , Heid Taylor N. , Niemiec Rebecca 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context: Wolf restoration is a highly divisive issue in the American West, with stakeholder conflict driven by value and identity‐based disagreements. Research suggests that such conflicts require reconciliation to repair intergroup relations before negotiations to address the issue can begin, yet, in the conservation and natural resource management fields, stakeholder processes about divisive issues typically focus only on negotiations. There is a gap in the literature on how to identify and target the drivers of value and identity‐based conflicts.

Approach: We interviewed stakeholders highly engaged in the issue of proposed wolf reintroduction in Colorado to gain insight on the drivers of the conflict and to inform reconciliation interventions. We pulled from conflict and peace‐building theories to frame our analysis, specifically suggestions that conflict is fueled by four categories of perceptions, including perceptions of: the group one is in conflict with, one's own social group, the relationship between groups, and the nature of the conflict.

Key Findings: We found that all interviewees discussed perceptions that can fuel conflict within each of these four categories. However, interviewees who identified as 3rd parties to the conflict primarily discussed the relationships between those in conflict and engaged in thoughtful perspective‐taking, an activity that can help reduce conflict. Conversely, both those strongly in support of reintroduction and strongly opposed to reintroduction most commonly described negative perceptions about individuals they are in conflict with and positive perceptions about themselves and their social group. For example, when discussing others, both groups described each other as acting in unjust and unfair ways, as being incapable of or unwilling to change, and as misinformed. When describing positive perceptions of themselves, both those in support and those in opposition viewed their own goals as just and themselves as victims of outgroup members’ actions.

Synthesis and applications: Based on our findings, we suggest various reconciliation interventions that may assist wildlife managers in reducing the conflict about wolf reintroduction in Colorado. These recommendations may also be applicable to wildlife managers working on other issues with high stakeholder conflict.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Shape memory liquid crystalline polymers: Stimuli‐responsiveness, advanced technologies, and key applications
Authors: Prathumrat Peerawat , Nikzad Mostafa , Arablouei Reza , Okhawilai Manunya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLiquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) represent a distinct class of materials that have garnered significant interest for their utilisation in diverse industrial and engineering applications. A prominent attribute of LCPs is their stimuli‐responsiveness. These materials can undergo deformation and subsequently recover their original shapes when subjected to external stimuli such as heat, light, and electromagnetic fields. The molecular structure of LCPs consists of mesogens and flexible tails, mirroring the fundamental molecular mechanism found in shape memory polymers. This characteristic positions LCPs as promising materials for shape memory applications. This article provides a comprehensive review of LCPs, focusing on their various forms of stimuli‐responsiveness. In addition, it delves into the application of additive manufacturing and machine learning technologies in the context of shape memory LCPs. Finally, the article concludes by exploring the critical applications of LCPs as shape memory materials.
Imaging adjuvants in pediatric surgical oncology
Authors: Fusco Joseph C. , Abdelhafeez Abdelhafeez H. , Krauel Lucas , Honeyman Joshua N. , Ehrlich Peter F. , Wijnen Marc , Lautz Timothy B. , Pachl Max , Malek Marcus M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSurgery is a crucial component of pediatric cancer treatment, but conventional methods may lack precision. Image‐guided surgery, including fluorescent and radioguided techniques, offers promise for enhancing tumor localization and facilitating precise resection. Intraoperative molecular imaging utilizes agents like indocyanine green to direct surgeons to occult deposits of tumor and to delineate tumor margins. Next‐generation agents target tumors directly to improve specificity. Radioguided surgery, employing tracers like metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), complements fluorescent techniques by allowing for detection of tumors at a greater depth. Dual‐labeled agents combining both modalities are under development. Three‐dimensional modeling and virtual/augmented reality aid in preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance. The above techniques show great promise to benefit patients with pediatric tumors, and their continued development will almost certainly improve surgical outcomes.
Racial disparities in prosthesis abandonment and mobility outcomes after lower limb amputation from a dysvascular etiology in a veteran population
Authors: Hurwitz Max , Czerniecki Joseph , Morgenroth David , Turner Aaron , Henderson Alison W. , Halsne Beth , Norvell Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundNon‐Hispanic Black (NHB) individuals have higher rates of amputation and increased risk of a transfemoral amputation due to dysvascular disease than non‐Hispanic White (NHW) individuals. However, it is unclear if NHB individuals have differences in prosthesis use or functional outcomes following an amputation.ObjectiveTo determine if there are racial disparities in prosthesis abandonment and mobility outcomes in veterans who have undergone their first major unilateral lower extremity amputation (LEA) due to diabetes and/or peripheral artery disease.DesignNational cohort study that identified individuals retrospectively through the Veterans Affairs (VA) Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) from March 1, 2018, to November 30, 2020, then prospectively collected their self‐reported prosthesis abandonment and mobility. Multiple logistic regression was used to control for potential confounders and identify potential effect modifiers.SettingThe VA CDW, participant mailings and phone calls.ParticipantsThree hundred fifty‐seven individuals who underwent an incident transtibial or transfemoral amputation due to diabetes and/or peripheral arterial disease.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcomes Measures(1) Self‐reported prosthesis abandonment. (2) Level of mobility assessed using the Locomotor Capabilities Index.ResultsRurally located NHB individuals without a major depressive disorder (MDD) had increased odds of abandoning their prosthesis (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.3–21.1]). This disparity was nearly three times as large for rurally located NHB individuals with MDD diagnosis, compared with other races from rural areas and with MDD (aOR = 15.8; 95% CI, 2.5–97.6). NHB individuals living in an urban area were significantly less likely to achieve advanced mobility, both with MDD (aOR=0.16; 95% CI: [0.04–7.0]) and without MDD (aOR = 0.26; 95% CI: [0.09–0.73]).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that health care disparities persist for NHB veterans following a dysvascular LEA, with increased prosthesis abandonment and worse mobility outcomes.
Salivary‐secreted vitellogenin suppresses H2O2 burst of plants facilitating Recilia dorsalis leafhopper feeding
Authors: Lu Chengcong , Zhang Yating , Xu Yuanyuan , Wei Taiyun , Chen Qian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDVitellogenin (Vg), known as the yolk protein precursor for oocyte development in female insects, can be secreted to plant host from salivary glands of hemipterans, including rice leafhopper Recilia dorsalis. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of salivary‐secreted Vg of R. dorsalis (RdVg) in rice host. We propose that RdVg possibly regulates the rice defense against insects, benefiting R. dorsalis feeding.RESULTSRdVg was released into rice phloem along with saliva during R. dorsalis feeding. Knocking down RdVg increased the level of H2O2 and improved H2O2 metabolism in rice plants, making it difficult for R. dorsalis to feed. The transient expression or overexpression of the lipoprotein N‐terminal domain of RdVg (RdVg2) significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) metabolism in plants. This suggests that salivary‐secreted RdVg acts as an effector suppressing the H2O2 burst in rice plants, and RdVg2 is the key domain. RdVg2 could interact with rice sulfite oxidase (OsSO), which catalyzes the oxidation of SO32− and produces H2O2. Exposure of rice plants to R. dorsalis, overexpression of RdVg2 or knocking out OsSO reduced OsSO accumulation and SO32− oxidation, benefiting R. dorsalis feeding. However overexpression of OsSO increased SO32− oxidation and H2O2 metabolism, inhibiting R. dorsalis feeding.CONCLUSIONRdVg inhibits H2O2 generation via suppressing OsSO accumulation, ultimately benefiting R. dorsalis feeding. These findings identify RdVg as an effector that suppresses plant defense to insects, and provide insights into the function of salivary‐secreted Vg in other Hemiptera insects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Air travel in patients suffering from pulmonary hypertension—A prospective, multicentre study
Authors: Yogeswaran Athiththan , Grimminger Jan , Tello Khodr , Becker Lukas , Seeger Werner , Grimminger Friedrich , Sommer Natascha , Ghofrani Hossein A. , Lange Tobias J. , Stadler Stefan , Olsson Karen , Kamp Jan C. , Rosenkranz Stephan , Gerhardt Felix , Milger Katrin , Barnikel Michaela , Ulrich Silvia , Saxer Stéphanie , Grünig Ekkehard , Harutynova Satenik , Opitz Christian , Klose Hans , Wilkens Heinrike , Halank Michael , Heberling Melanie , Gall Henning , Richter Manuel J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe PEGASUS study is the first multicentric and prospective assessment of the safety of air travel flying in pulmonary hypertension (PH) (NCT03051763). Data of air travel from 60 patients with PH was available. No severe adverse events occurred. Nine patients self‐reported mild adverse events during flight (13%), while after landing, 12 patients reported events (20%). Solely one patient (2%) had an adverse event leading to medical consultation. In patients with PH and World Health Organization functional classes II and III, air travel was safe.
Prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding at Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation in Guyana
Authors: Joseph Gary , Houvessou Gbenankpon Mathias , Boston Cecil , James Michelle Karim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding at Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation (GPHC).MethodsThis study used data from an institution‐based cross‐sectional study conducted at GPHC from July to September 2022. A structured pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. A total of 1276 mothers were interviewed and provided data on early initiation of breastfeeding. Early initiation of breastfeeding was defined as mothers who breastfed their babies within the first hour after birth. We performed descriptive analyses for both the outcome and the independent variables. Logistic regression and backward selection procedure were used to assess factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding.ResultsThe prevalence of early breastfeeding at GPHC was 27.8% (95%CI: 25.4–30.3). Mothers who were primigravida (AOR: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.36–0.75), who had urinary tract infections during pregnancy (AOR: 0.72; 95%CI: 0.52–0.99), and who delivered by caesarean section (AOR: 0.06; 95%CI: 0.03–0.11) were less likely to breastfeed their babies in the first hour after birth. Likewise, babies who were diagnosed with any health problems after birth (AOR: 0.34; 95%CI: 0.21–0.54) had a lesser chance to receive breastfeeding in the first hour after birth, compared with their counterparts.ConclusionLess than one‐third of mothers who delivered at GPHC breastfed their babies within the first hour after birth. Targeted intervention focuses on promoting early initiation of breastfeeding, immediate skin‐to‐skin contact between mothers and babies, timely diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections during pregnancy are essential to improve the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding at GPHC.
Bio‐Inspired Carbon Dots as Malondialdehyde Indicator for Real‐Time Visualization of Lipid Peroxidation in Depression
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Cai Hao , Liao Rui , Tedesco Antonio Claudio , Li Zijian , Wang Feng , Bi Hong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBrain lipidic peroxidation is closely associated with the pathophysiology of various psychiatric diseases including depression. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a reactive aldehyde produced in lipid region, serves as a crucial biomarker for lipid peroxidation. However, techniques enabling real‐time detection of MDA are still lacking due to the inherent trade‐off between recognition dynamics and robustness. Inspired by the structure of phospholipid bilayers, amphiphilic carbon dots named as CG‐CDs targeted to cell membrane are designed for real‐time monitoring of MDA fluctuations. The design principle relies on the synergy of dynamic hydrogen bonding recognition and cell membrane targetability. The latter facilitates the insertion of CG‐CDs into lipid regions and provides a hydrophobic environment to stabilize the labile hydrogen bonding between CG‐CDs and MDA. As a result, recognition robustness and dynamics are simultaneously achieved for CG‐CDs/MDA, allowing for in situ visualization of MDA kinetics in cell membrane due to the instant response (<5 s), high sensitivity (9‐fold fluorescence enhancement), intrinsic reversibility (fluorescence on/off), and superior selectivity. Subsequently, CG‐CDs are explored to visualize nerve cell membrane impairment in depression models of living cells and zebrafish, unveiling the extensive heterogeneity of the lipid peroxidation process and indicating a positive correlation between MDA levels and depression.