bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Disability among Community‐Dwelling Medicare Beneficiaries Using Claims‐Based Indicators
Authors: Ben‐Shalom Yonatan , Stapleton David C. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of using existing claims‐based algorithms to identify community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries with disability based solely on the conditions for which they are being treated, and improving on these algorithms by combining them in predictive models.Data SourceData on 12,415 community‐dwelling fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries who first responded to the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) in 2003–2006.Study DesignLogistic regression models in which six claims‐based disability indicators are used to predict self‐reported disability. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the performance of the predictive models.Principal FindingsThe predictive performance of the regression‐based models is better than that of the individual claims‐based indicators. At a predicted probability threshold chosen to maximize the sum of sensitivity and specificity, sensitivity is 0.72 for beneficiaries age 65 or older and specificity is 0.65. For those under 65, sensitivity is 0.54 and specificity is 0.67. The findings also suggest ways to improve predictive performance for specific disability populations of interest to researchers.ConclusionsPredictive models that incorporate multiple claims‐based indicators provide an improved tool for researchers seeking to identify people with disabilities in claims data.
Eicosapentaenoic acid but not docosahexaenoic acid restores skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity in old mice
Authors: Johnson Matthew L. , Lalia Antigoni Z. , Dasari Surendra , Pallauf Maximilian , Fitch Mark , Hellerstein Marc K. , Lanza Ian R. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryMitochondrial dysfunction is often observed in aging skeletal muscle and is implicated in age‐related declines in physical function. Early evidence suggests that dietary omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs) improve mitochondrial function. Here, we show that 10 weeks of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation partially attenuated the age‐related decline in mitochondrial function in mice, but this effect was not observed with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The improvement in mitochondrial function with EPA occurred in the absence of any changes in mitochondrial abundance or biogenesis, which was evaluated from RNA sequencing, large‐scale proteomics, and direct measurements of muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis rates. We find that EPA improves muscle protein quality, specifically by decreasing mitochondrial protein carbamylation, a post‐translational modification that is driven by inflammation. These results demonstrate that EPA attenuated the age‐related loss of mitochondrial function and improved mitochondrial protein quality through a mechanism that is likely linked with anti‐inflammatory properties of n‐3 PUFAs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EPA and DHA exert some common biological effects (anticoagulation, anti‐inflammatory, reduced FXR/RXR activation), but also exhibit many distinct biological effects, a finding that underscores the importance of evaluating the therapeutic potential of individual n‐3 PUFAs.
Is Implantation of a Left Ventricular Assist Device in Patients With Critical or Impending Cardiogenic Shock an Absolute Contraindication? Looking Back at Our Past Experience Trying to Identify Contraindicative Risk Factors
Authors: Dell'Aquila Angelo Maria , Schneider Stefan R.B. , Risso Paolo , Welp Henryk , Glockner David G. , Alles Sebastian , Sindermann Jürgen R. , Scherer Mirela 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPoor survival has been demonstrated after ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation for Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) profile 1 and 2 patients compared with more stable levels. However, risk factors within this high‐risk cohort have not been determined so far. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors associated with this very high mortality rate. Between February 1993 and January 2013, 298 patients underwent VAD implantation in our institution. One hundred nine patients were in INTERMACS level 1 and 49 patients were in INTERMACS level 2 and were therefore defined as hemodynamically critical (overall 158 patients). Assist devices implanted were: HVAD HeartWare n = 18; Incor n = 11; VentrAssist n = 2; DeBakey n = 22; and pulsatile systems n = 105. After cumulative support duration of 815.35 months, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a survival of 63.9, 48.8, and 40.3% at 1, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Cox regression analyses identified age > 50 (P = 0.001, odds ratio [OR] 2.48), white blood cell count > 13.000/μL (P = 0.01, OR 2.06), preoperative renal replacement therapy (P = 0.001, OR 2.63), and postcardiotomy failure (P < 0.001, OR 2.79) as independent predictors of mortality. Of note, last generation VADs were not associated with significantly better 6‐month survival (P = 0.59). Patients without the aforementioned risk factors could yield a survival of 79.2% at 6 months. This single‐center experience shows that VAD implantation in hemodynamically unstable patients generally results in poor early outcome, even in third‐generation pumps. However, avoiding the aforementioned risk factors could result in improved outcome.
Haber, Jonathan (2014) MOOCSMIT Press (Cambridge MA & London) isbn978‐0‐262‐52691‐3 227 pp £9.95 http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/moocs
Authors: Cannell Pete 
Published: May 2015

SummaryHere is a very readable discussion of the mooc phenomenon – written after the author spent a year of intensive study using Massive Open Online Courses to complete the equivalent of a four‐year degree. It is recommended as an introduction to some of the issues and is also of interest to those with more knowledge of the field. Indeed, if you expect this book's content to be most relevant, I recommend you purchase a copy.Pete Cannell
Hew, Khe Foon & Cheung, Wing Sum (2014) Using blended learningSpringer (Berlin) isbn978‐981‐287‐089‐6 120 pp £35.99 ebook (boards £44.99) http://www.springer.com/gb/book/9789812870889
Authors: Janes Diane P 
Published: May 2015

SummaryAlthough it has a format you may need to get used to, there are plenty of interesting nuggets of blended learning information in this tiny book. It is well worth reading and you will gain much for the short investment of time. If the content of this book seems relevant to your work, I suggest that you arrange to borrow a copy for a while.Diane P Janes
Digging deeper into learners' experiences in MOOCs: Participation in social networks outside of MOOCs, notetaking and contexts surrounding content consumption
Authors: Veletsianos George , Collier Amy , Schneider Emily 
Published: May 2015

AbstractResearchers describe with increasing confidence what they observe participants doing in massive open online courses (MOOCs). However, our understanding of learner activities in open courses is limited by researchers' extensive dependence on log file analyses and clickstream data to make inferences about learner behaviors. Further, the field lacks an empirical understanding of how people experience MOOCs and why they engage in particular activities in the ways that they do. In this paper, we report three findings derived by interviewing 13 individuals about their experiences in MOOCs. We report on learner interactions in social networks outside of MOOC platforms, notetaking, and the contexts that surround content consumption. The examination and analysis of these practices contribute to a greater understanding of the MOOC phenomenon and to the limitations of clickstream‐based research methods. Based on these findings, we conclude by making pragmatic suggestions for pedagogical and technological refinements to enhance open teaching and learning.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastrointestinal graft‐versus‐host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Nishida Mutsumi , Shigematsu Akio , Sato Megumi , Kudo Yusuke , Omotehara Satomi , Horie Tatsunori , Iwai Takahito , Endo Tomoyuki , Iguchi Akihiro , Shibuya Hitoshi , Hatanaka Kanako , Shimizu Chikara , Teshima Takanori 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGastrointestinal graft‐versus‐host disease (GI‐GVHD) is a major and life‐threatening complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study evaluated the efficacy of ultrasonography (US) for assessing and monitoring GI‐GVHD. GI tract was evaluated by US in 81 patients. US findings were positive in 43 patients, including 11 false positive, and negative in 38 patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of US for the diagnosis of GI‐GVHD were 100%, 78%, 74%, 100%, and 86%, respectively. Diffuse wall thickening of the ileum was the most frequent finding in patients with GI‐GVHD. Severity of GI‐GVHD was correlated with the thickness of internal low echoic layer of the wall, the echogenicity of mesenteric fat tissue, and the intensity of Doppler signaling. We classified US findings of GI‐GVHD into four US grades. There was a significant correlation between clinical stage of GI‐GVHD and the US grade. These ultrasonographic abnormalities were improved with clinical improvement of GI‐GVHD upon treatment. Thus, US is an effective and efficient non‐invasive means of identifying the extent and severity of GI‐GVHD and monitoring response to treatment.
Dystopian Social Theory and Education
Authors: Warmington Paul 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this article Paul Warmington examines the dystopian analyses pervading recent work by David Blacker, John Marsh, and Pauline Lipman. Their unsettling depictions of education under late capitalism bear witness to irreversible economic and environmental malaise, the colonization of education by neoliberalism, and the unsustainability of faith in education as the driver of economic security and social mobility. In reality, our education systems are now barely able to mask the fact that increasing numbers of people are being fitted for dispensability, that is, elimination from the socio‐educational mainstream. These three authors return neo‐Marxist structural theory to us in chastened form. They acknowledge the lessons of cultural studies, feminism, and critical theories of race, but they are unafraid to suggest that correspondence, determinism, and pessimism may again need to enter our theoretical worldviews. However, their pessimism has political value. Rather than defeating us, it may become the imperative for political and educational change.
A Critique of Wierzbicka's Theory of Cultural Scripts: The Case of IfalukFago
Authors: Quinn Naomi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe linguist Anna Wierzbicka casts linguistic meaning in terms ofcultural scripts, which she constructs from a short list of 60 or so conceptual primes, each with a grammar, deemed basic to human language, in the sense that these occur in all languages. I focus on the Ifaluk Islander lexemefago, for which she has published such a script, and which I have also analyzed in another context. I argue that her script forfagodoes not adequately capture its meaning. Instead, I show, a culturally adequate definition of this emotion term cannot be founded on metalinguistics but must incorporate relevant nonlinguistic experience pertaining to the domain in question—in the case offago, early attachment and the cultural defenses that emerge in response to it. My analysis offagois compatible with a theory of cultural meaning as susceptible to considerable cross‐cultural variability while constrained by shared features of human neurobiology in combination with common features of the world in which humans all live.
In vivo study for the discrimination of cancerous and normal skin using fibre probe‐based Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Schleusener Johannes , Gluszczynska Patrycja , Reble Carina , Gersonde Ingo , Helfmann Jürgen , Fluhr Joachim W. , Lademann Jürgen , Röwert‐Huber Joachim , Patzelt Alexa , Meinke Martina C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has proved its capability as an objective, non‐invasive tool for the detection of various melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) in a number of studies. Most publications are based on a Raman microspectroscopic ex vivo approach. In this in vivo clinical evaluation, we apply Raman spectroscopy using a fibre‐coupled probe that allows access to a multitude of affected body sites. The probe design is optimized for epithelial sensitivity, whereby a large part of the detected signal originates from within the epidermal layer's depth down to the basal membrane where early stages of skin cancer develop. Data analysis was performed on measurements of 104 subjects scheduled for excision of lesions suspected of being malignant melanoma (MM) (n = 36), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (n = 39) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n = 29). NMSC were discriminated from normal skin with a balanced accuracy of 73% (BCC) and 85% (SCC) using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). Discriminating MM and pigmented nevi (PN) resulted in a balanced accuracy of 91%. These results lie within the range of comparable in vivo studies and the accuracies achieved by trained dermatologists using dermoscopy. Discrimination proved to be unsuccessful between cancerous lesions and suspicious lesions that had been histopathologically verified as benign by dermoscopy.
Low mortality from intracranial haemorrhage in paediatric patients with haemophilia
Authors: Witmer C. M. 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionIntracranial haemorrhage (ICH) in patients with haemophilia has an estimated mortality rate of 20%. Advances in haemophilia care have significantly reduced many bleeding complications but it is unclear if these advances have impacted mortality from ICH.AimTo determine the in‐hospital mortality from intracranial ICH in paediatric patients with haemophilia.MethodsThis retrospective multicentre cohort study utilized the Pediatric Health Information System administrative database with data from 43 paediatric tertiary care hospitals in the United States from January 1, 2002–December 31, 2011. Subjects included were male < 21 years of age with an ICD‐9‐CM code for haemophilia A or B. ICH events were identified using ICD‐9‐CM codes.ResultsThere were 8325 admissions for 3133 male subjects with haemophilia. About 271 (3.3%) admissions had an ICH event in 236 (7.5%) individual subjects. The proportion of ICH events was stable over time (P = 0.13). The median age of ICH was 2 years (interquartile range 0.6–7.3). In 28.4% (77/271) of the ICH events the subject had an inhibitor. Twenty‐one deaths occurred in the entire cohort (0.7%). Six (28.6%) of these deaths were in patients with an ICH for an ICH mortality rate of 2.5% (6/236).ConclusionsMortality from ICH in paediatric patients has significantly improved from prior estimates of 20% to the current estimate of 2.5%. Unfortunately the rate of ICH events remains constant and further efforts are needed to identify alternative strategies of prevention.
Usefulness of sonourethrography for penile abscess as a result of xanthogranulomatous granuloma in the corpus cavernosum of an adult: A case report
Authors: Minagawa Tomonori , Kato Haruaki , Ogawa Teruyuki , Uehara Takeshi , Ishizuka Osamu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA 75‐year‐old man presented with a 4‐month history of a swollen and painful penis. Computed tomography showed a round‐shaped mass measuring 3 × 2 cm in the corpus cavernosum. Percutaneous drainage of the penile mass was carried out and a course of antibiotics was prescribed. Viral, fungal and selective bacterial cultures were negative. Total penectomy and urethroperineal fistula formation were carried out because of penile pain. Histopathological diagnosis was xanthogranulomatous granuloma of the corpus cavernosum. Before surgery, sonourethrography was carried out under general anesthesia. Sonourethrography is an infrequently used modality to observe the male urethra under urinary micturition or injection of saline. We previously reported modified sonourethrography with retrograde jelly injection. In the present case, sonourethrography successfully showed the damaged and deformed urethra including the abscess cavity and fistula. Although xanthogranulomatous granuloma is rare, the findings reported here showed the usefulness of sonourethrography for morphological evaluation of the male urethra.
Prospective outcomes in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presenting to hospital: a generalisable clinical audit
Authors: Soltani A. , Reid D. , Wills K. , Walters E. H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackground and aimTo determine predictors of short‐ and long‐term outcomes in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (AECOPD) presenting to hospital.MethodsA prospective clinical audit of AECOPD attendances to the only public acute general hospital in Southern Tasmania, Australia. Out of 416 attendances with AECOPD to the emergency department (ED) between November 2006 and July 2008, 150 patients with 218 attendances were followed to March 2009. Predictors of hospital admission from ED, in‐hospital death, length of hospital stay, post‐discharge mortality and re‐attendance rate for AECOPD were the main outcomes.ResultsThere were no clear differences between patients admitted to hospital and those sent home from ED. Predictors of in‐hospital death were initial physiologic parameters, that is, arterial pH, PaCO2, oxygen saturation and blood pressure. Longer hospital stay was associated with older age, current smoking, hyperglycaemia, lower blood pressure and lower oxygen saturation. Risk of mortality after discharge was associated with a history of myocardial infarction, nursing home residence and severity of COPD. Re‐attendance rate was associated with osteoporosis, younger age and severity of COPD.ConclusionsFurther investigation into the process of decision making about which AECOPD patients are admitted from the ED is required. Short‐term outcomes, in‐hospital death and length of hospital stay are mainly predicted by severity of the acute exacerbation and patient demographics. Although severity of COPD was a predictor of long‐term outcomes, the main predictors of these were presence of co‐morbidities.
Ipilimumab‐induced hypophysitis in melanoma patients: an Australian case series
Authors: Lam T. , Chan M. M. K. , Sweeting A. N. , De Sousa S. M. C. , Clements A. , Carlino M. S. , Long G. V. , Tonks K. , Chua E. , Kefford R. F. , Chipps D. R 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundIpilimumab (Yervoy; Bristol‐Myers Squibb) is a novel fully humanised monoclonal antibody that blocks cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4, an immune checkpoint molecule, to augment anti‐tumour T‐cell responses. It is associated with significant immune‐related side‐effects including hypophysitis.AimWe reviewed the clinical and biochemical characteristics of 10 patients with ipilimumab‐induced hypophysitis (IH), and developed guidelines for the early detection and management of IH based on our experiences at three major teaching hospitals in Sydney.MethodsAll patients were evaluated at the Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre and Department of Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, the Melanoma Institute Australia and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown Hospital from 2010 to 2014. Relevant data were extracted by review of medical records. Main outcome measures included clinical features, hormone profile and radiological findings associated with IH, and presence of pituitary recovery.ResultsTen patients were identified with IH. In four patients who underwent monitoring of plasma cortisol, there was a fall in levels in the weeks prior to presentation. The pituitary–adrenal and pituitary–thyroid axes were affected in the majority of patients, with the need for physiological hormone replacement. Imaging abnormalities were identified in five of 10 patients, and resolved without high‐dose glucocorticoid therapy. To date, all patients remain on levothyroxine and hydrocortisone replacement, where appropriate.ConclusionsThere is significant morbidity associated with development of IH. We suggest guidelines to assist with early recognition and therapeutic intervention.
Reconciling global and local needs: a canonical action research project to deal with workarounds
Authors: Malaurent Julien , Avison David 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper discusses how research with practitioners can help reconcile the top‐down requirements of headquarters with the bottom‐up local needs in the context of global information systems. Based on a 12‐month canonical action research project that took place at the Chinese branches of a French multinational corporation, our research revealed and addressed workarounds that the Chinese users of a company‐wide global enterprise resource planning system had put in place that were not expected nor desired by company headquarters. From the local users' point of view, they were necessary to deal with Chinese legislation and cultural practices, but from the French headquarters' point of view, they meant that many of the potential gains of global standards were lost. Activity theory was used as a focal theory to analyse each of these workarounds and business process management as an instrumental theory to design solutions to the workarounds. We describe in detail how we used canonical action research to successfully deal with exemplars of each of the three types of workaround identified (data adjustments, process adjustments and parallel‐system adjustments). Unusually, the research relates to post‐implementation change rather than to that looking at change occurring before and during implementation. We argue that canonical action research and the particular combination of activity theory and business process management are appropriate for dealing with workarounds and this has not been demonstrated previously. Further, our research – deemed successful by managers, users and researchers alike – took place in China where previous literature suggests only limited success with such global systems.
Winner's regret in online C2C Auctions: an automatic thinking perspective
Authors: Park Sang Cheol , Keil Mark , Bock Gee‐Woo , Kim Jong Uk 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWhile human beings embody a unique ability for planned behaviour, they also often act automatically. In this study, we draw on the automatic thinking perspective as a meta‐theoretic lens to explain why online auction bidders succumb to both trait impulsiveness and sunk cost, ultimately leading them to experience winner's regret. Based on a survey of 301 online auction participants, we demonstrate that both trait impulsiveness as an emotional trigger and sunk cost as a cognitive trigger promote winner's regret. By grounding our research model in the automatic thinking view, we provide an alternative meta‐theoretical lens from which to view online bidder behaviour, thus bolstering our current understanding of winner's regret. We also investigate the moderating effects of competition intensity on the relationships between the triggers of automatic thinking and winner's regret. Our results show that both trait impulsiveness and sunk cost have significant impacts on winner's regret. We also found that the relationship between these two triggers and winner's regret is moderated by competition intensity.