bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An 8-Month-Old Boy with Purpuric Skin Lesions
Authors: Sorensen Eric P. , Matiz Catalina , Friedlander Sheila F. 
Published: February 2014

A previously healthy 8-month-old Hispanic boy presented with a 5-day history of an erythematous, non-pruritic papular eruption on both legs. The eruption was initially diagnosed as impetigo by his primary care practitioner but progressed despite trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole therapy, with extension to the face, trunk, and all extremities. When the patient subsequently developed a fever of 100.8° F, emesis, diarrhea, and upper respiratory symptoms, he was referred to the pediatric dermatology clinic for evaluation. Further questioning revealed a 3-day febrile illness 6 weeks prior to presentation that was treated with ceftriaxone. Review of systems failed to identify any hematuria, blood in stool, or abdominal pain, but the parents did report swelling of the extremities and face, as well as decreased oral intake.
On examination, the infant was in no apparent distress, afebrile, and had mild rhinorrhea. His mucous membranes were unaffected, and no lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly was noted. Cutaneous exam revealed numerous edematous erythematous to violaceous plaques on the cheeks, arms, buttocks, and legs with minimal involvement of the trunk. Several lesions on the arms had a distinct cockade (rosette or iris-like) pattern. There were no vesicles, bullae, or necrosis. Edema of the bilateral lower extremities was noted. Laboratory work up revealed a normal complete blood count (CBC), comprehensive metabolic panel, creatinine, and urinalysis. Platelets were borderline elevated at 439 TH/μL (140–440 TH/μL), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein (CRP) were minimally elevated at 22 mm (0–15 mm) and 3.1 mg/dL (0.0–0.99 mg/dL), respectively.

To read more and to earn CME credit for reading this article, access the full text by going to
Healio.com/Pediatrics
and searching: doi: 10.3928/00904481-20131223-09.
Telemedicine for the Care of Children in the Hospital Setting
Authors: McSwain S. David , Marcin James P. 
Published: February 2014

Telemedicine is by no means a new technology, given that audio-video telecommunication links have been utilized for the provision of medical services since the 1950s. Nonetheless, telemedicine is currently in a phase of rapid growth and evolution. The combination of increasingly affordable and powerful networking, computing, and communication technology, along with the continued nationwide crisis in health care access and costs, has created a “tipping point,” whereby telemedicine has progressed from a novel means of practicing medicine to practical tool to help address our nation’s health care needs. Telemedicine has also evolved beyond a means of providing care to remote communities to becoming a versatile tool in the delivery of health care in a variety of non-rural settings. Although no one can be everywhere at once, telemedicine allows us to be in more places at once than we’ve ever been before.
The problems of disparities and access to care are even more evident in pediatrics, where subspecialists are fewer in number and more regionalized than adult providers. Numerous successful telemedicine programs across the country have demonstrated the impact that these technologies can have in pediatrics, with many more programs in development. As a versatile means of delivering care, telemedicine can be used at any point during the course of a health care encounter as not only a means of expanding our reach, but also as a means of increasing efficiency. Using telemedicine to provide consultations to community hospitals has been shown to improve quality of care, strengthen the referral base for the consulting facilities, facilitate cost savings, and improve the financial bottom line for both referring and consulting facilities.
This review highlights some of the ways in which telemedicine is being used to facilitate timely and effective pediatric care in a variety of hospital settings.
Outcome of 23-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Pediatric Vitreoretinal Conditions
Authors: Singh Ramandeep , Kumari Neha , Katoch Deeksha , Sanghi Gaurav , Gupta Amod , Dogra Mangat R. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:
To evaluate the feasibility and short-term outcome of 23-gauge vitrectomy in children for various vitreoretinal conditions.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted of consecutive children younger than 14 years who underwent 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy for various vitreoretinal conditions from January 2008 to December 2011 at a tertiary care center.

Results:
Thirty-seven eyes of 31 children were included. There were 20 boys and 11 girls, aged between 1.25 months and 14 years (median: 10 years, mean: 7.23 years). The surgical indications were subluxated crystalline lens, retinopathy of prematurity stage 4, post-traumatic cataract with ruptured capsule, vitreous hemorrhage, dislocated crystalline lens, endophthalmitis, retinal detachment with vitreous hemorrhage, dislocated intraocular lens, epiretinal membrane, and increased intraocular pressure after intravitreal steroid implantation. Postoperative complications included loose blood, retinal detachment, early postoperative hypotony, and preretinal bleeding.

Conclusions:
The 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy approach in children appears safe and effective.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(1):27–31.]
Effects of Visual Noise on Binocular Summation in Patients With Strabismus Without Amblyopia
Authors: Pineles Stacy L. , Lee Patrick J. , Velez Federico , Demer Joseph 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:
Patients with strabismus often complain of difficulty navigating through visually stimulating environments without clear explanation for this symptom. Binocular summation (BiS), defined as the superiority of binocular over monocular viewing on visual threshold tasks, is decreased in conditions that cause large interocular differences in visual acuity, but is not well studied in strabismic populations without amblyopia. The authors hypothesized that strabismus may lead to decreased BiS for tasks related to discrimination within increased background complexity. The goal of this study was to test the extent of BiS in patients with strabismus during discrimination of a luminance target disk embedded in visual noise.

Methods:

Participants included 10 exotropic, 10 esotropic, and 13 age-matched control patients. Performance of a task detecting a luminance-target was measured at 0, 10, and 20 μdeg
2
of visual noise for binocular and monocular conditions. BiS was calculated as the ratio of binocular contrast sensitivity to monocular contrast sensitivity for the target embedded in noise.

Results:

Patients with strabismus had lower BiS values than controls, with a significant decrease on linear regression in patients with strabismus at 20 μdeg
2
of noise (
P
= .05), with a trend toward significance at 10 μdeg
2
of noise (
P
= .07). Patients with strabismus showed a mean binocular inhibition (summation ratio < 1) at both noise levels.

Conclusions:
These findings support the hypothesis that strabismus can lead to decreased BiS and even binocular inhibition. Despite literature showing enhanced BiS in visually demanding situations such as high levels of visual noise or low contrast, BiS was not significantly affected by visual noise in either group.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(2):100–104.]
Assessment of Axial Length Before and After Myopic LASIK With the IOLMaster
Authors: Tay Eugene , Li Xiang , Gimbel Howard V. , Kaye Geoffrey 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To assess the relationship between theoretical ablation depth and axial length change after LASIK with the IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA).

METHODS:
Ninety-nine eyes were examined preoperatively and 1 and 3 months after LASIK.

RESULTS:

Mean ± standard deviation (SD) spherical equivalent before LASIK was −4.06 ± 1.91 diopters (D). Mean ± SD ablation depth was 83.13 ± 30.31
μ
m. Mean ± SD postoperative axial length of 25.11 ± 0.14 mm at 1 month was significantly shorter than mean ± SD preoperative axial length of 25.20 ± 0.14 mm (
P
< .001) with no subsequent change thereafter (
P
= .450). An increase in ablation depth of 1
μ
m led to a decrease in axial length of 0.00118 ± 0.00005 mm. Ablation depth correlated strongly with change in axial length (adjusted R
2
= 0.9039).

CONCLUSIONS:
The IOLMaster showed a decrease in axial length after LASIK that correlated well with theoretical ablation depth.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(12):838–841.]
Optical Quality Differences Between Three Multifocal Intraocular Lenses: Bifocal Low Add, Bifocal Moderate Add, and Trifocal
Authors: Madrid-Costa David , Ruiz-Alcocer Javier , Ferrer-Blasco Teresa , García-Lázaro Santiago , Montés-Micó Robert 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To compare the in vitro optical quality at different focal points of two new bifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and one new trifocal IOL.

METHODS:
The AcrySof ReSTOR SV25T0 (+2.5 diopter [D] add) and the AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD1 (+3.0 D add) with two main foci (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX) and the AT LISA tri 839MP with three main foci (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) were evaluated. The optical quality of the IOLs was measured with the PMTF optical bench (LAMBDA-X, Nivelles, Belgium). The optical quality of the IOLs was quantified by the modulation transfer function (MTF) at five different focal points (0.0, −1.5, −2.0, −2.5, and −3.0 D) and for 3.0- and 4.5-mm apertures. The through-focus MTF of the IOLs was also recorded.

RESULTS:
For the 0.0 D focal point, the AcrySof ReSTOR (+2.5 D add) obtained the highest MTF values for all apertures. For the −2.5 D focal point, the AcrySof ReSTOR (+3.0 D add) showed the highest MTF values for 3.0 mm. For the −3.0 D focal point at 3.0- and 4.5-mm aperture, the best values were obtained with the AcrySof ReSTOR (+3.0 D add) and the AT LISA, respectively. For the −1.5 D focal point, the trifocal IOL provided better values. For the −2.0 D focal point, all IOLs provided comparable results. The through-focus MTF curves showed three and two peaks for the trifocal and bifocal IOLs, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
The trifocal IOL provides a better optical quality at the −1.5 D focal point. However, the optical quality of the trifocal IOL significantly decreases compared to the bifocal IOLs at far distance and −2.5 D focal points.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(11):749–754.]
Accuracy and Reproducibility of Cap Thickness in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of cap thickness for small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with the VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Jena, Germany).

METHODS:

Artemis very high-frequency digital ultrasound (ArcScan Inc., Morrison, CO) measurements were obtained before and 3 months after SMILE in 70 eyes of 37 patients with intended cap thickness between 80 and 140
μ
m. True cap thickness at the time of creation was calculated as the addition of the preoperative epithelial thickness and the postoperative stromal component of the flap and mapped for the central 5-mm diameter zone. Cap thickness accuracy was calculated as the difference between the mean and intended cap thickness. Reproducibility was evaluated as the cap thickness standard deviation between eyes. Accuracy and reproducibility of cap thickness were calculated for all eyes and grouped by intended cap thickness. Within-eye variation in cap thickness was calculated as the standard deviation of all data within the central 5-mm diameter zone.

RESULTS:

Mean cap thickness accuracy was between −2.3 and 6.5
μ
m and was −0.7
μ
m centrally (range: −11 to +14
μ
m), including all eyes. Cap thickness reproducibility was 6
μ
m or less for the majority of the central 5-mm diameter zone and was 4.4
μ
m centrally. Cap thickness accuracy and reproducibility were similar for different intended cap thicknesses. Average within-eye variation in cap thickness was 4.3
μ
m.

CONCLUSIONS:

SMILE cap thickness using the VisuMax femtosecond laser was found to be accurate and reproducible across the central 5-mm diameter zone for intended cap thicknesses over the range of 80 to 140
μ
m.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(12):810–815.]
Refractive and Topographic Fluctuations Due to Intracorneal Ring Segments Motility
Authors: Diakonis Vasilios F. , Kankariya Vardhaman P. , Woreta Fasika , Yoo Sonia H. , Lubahn Jordon G. , Kymionis George D. , Srur Lana 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To describe a patient with refractive and topographic fluctuations 5 years after intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation for the management of corneal ectasia after LASIK.

METHODS:
Case report.

RESULTS:
A 48-year-old woman presented complaining of intermittent decreased vision over 1 year that improved with eye rubbing. Slit-lamp and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations revealed overriding ring segments that could be restored to normal position after minor corneal massage. Topographic and refractive findings were significantly influenced by the ICRS positioning and caused decreased visual function when overriding. To avoid ICRS override, surgical dissection of the corneal tunnel along with ring segment repositioning was performed. A suture was placed through the ring’s positioning hole to stabilize the ICRS at its optimal position and to avoid recurrence of this phenomenon.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted ICRS implantation may experience ring segment migration and override of the segments that could lead to decreased visual function. Proper surgical repositioning and ring segment fixation may address this complication and offer satisfactory visual and refractive outcomes along with avoidance of ICRS migration and override.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(2):140–142.]
Comparison of Two Scleral Incision Techniques in 23-Gauge Transconjunctival Vitrectomy
Authors: Ünal Metin , Balikoglu Melike , Teke Mehmet Yasin , Koklu Gultekin 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare two 23-gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy incision techniques, parallel and perpendicular to the alignment of scleral fibers, in terms of hypotony and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Fifty-three eyes of 53 patients who underwent 23-gauge one-step trocar pars plana vitrectomy were randomly assigned to undergo scleral incision parallel (group 1, 26 eyes) or perpendicular (group 2, 27 eyes) to the limbus. Patients were observed postoperatively for wound healing, leakage, endophthalmitis, IOP, and hypotony at 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 9 months.

RESULTS:

No difference in preoperative IOP was observed (
P
= .229). Postoperative IOP was significantly lower in group 2 (
P
= .009). Hypotony rates did not differ between the groups. Intraocular gas or silicone tamponade was used intraoperatively in 26 cases. In cases in which no gas or silicone was given (n = 27), IOP measurements were significantly lower in group 2 (
P
= .021). There was no difference in hypotony ratios for gas/silicone injection versus no injection (
P
= 1.00) or in postoperative visual acuity (
P
= .350). Visual acuity improved significantly in both groups at follow-up examinations.

CONCLUSION:
Parallel and perpendicular incisions resulted in similar postoperative hypotony rates, but perpendicular incisions were associated with lower IOP.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:572–576.]
Reactivation of latent melioidosis presenting with acute pyelonephritis and bacteremia
Authors: Shaaban Hamid , Hallit Rabih , Slim Jihad , Sree Aruna , Sensakovic John W 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe report an interesting case involving an 81-year-old male patient who presented to our hospital with sepsis secondary to pyelonephritis and bacteremia. Blood cultures were positive for a Gram-negative bacillus, Burkholderia pseudomallei. His risk factors were diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including travel to an endemic area. The patient received antibiotic therapy in accordance with the national guidelines. This is the first report of reactivation of latent melioidosis in the literature manifesting as pyelonephritis and bacteremia.
Plexiform Neurofibroma of the Larynx: A Challenging Management Dilemma
Authors: Kapre Gauri 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Among the many causes responsible for stridor in the pediatric population, tumors of the larynx are relatively rare. Rarer still is the presence of endolaryngeal neurofibromas. Plexiform neurofibromas are associated with type I neurofibromatosis (NF1). Their typical characteristic is that they are diffuse tumors with indistinct margins, which makes complete resection a challenge and the chances of recurrences higher.

Objective
To document our experience with endolaryngeal neurofibromas and to discuss the treatment options available for this rare condition.

Methods
We present two cases of plexiform neurofibromas in pediatric patients. Both children presented with large supraglottic masses which interfered with breathing and swallowing. They also fulfilled the criteria for type I neurofibroma. Endolaryngeal approach with microdebrider and laser-assisted surgical excision was performed in both cases.

Result
Following surgery, both patients had uneventful recovery and no subsequent breathing or swallowing difficulties.

Conclusion
The dilemma in the management of endolaryngeal neurofibroma is the choice between endolaryngeal laser and aggressive external approach surgery. A short review of the limited existing literature shows that it is wiser to limit the surgery to as complete a resection as is possible endoscopically.

How to cite this article
Nerurkar NK, Kapre G. Plexiform Neurofibroma of the Larynx: A Challenging Management Dilemma. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(2):55-57.
Killian Jamieson Pouch: A Rarer Cervical Diverticulum
Authors: Bokare Bhagyashree , Patel Seema , Sakhare Prafulla , Desai Binhi , Pawde Apurva 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Killian Jamieson diverticulum (KJD) is lesser common than Zenker's diverticulum (ZD). Various treatment modalities have been recommended but traditional surgical treatment has been recommended for a symptomatic KJD.
Recently, traditional open surgery for a symptomatic KJD is being challenged by the development of new endoscopic techniques and devices.
We document a rare report of a left KJD diagnosed on barium esophagogram and flexible endoscopy. Diverticulum excision and an esophagomyotomy was done and following treatment the patient's symptoms resolved and he recovered well.

How to cite this article
Sakhare P, Desai B, Bokare B, Patel S, Pawde A. Killian Jamieson Pouch: A Rarer Cervical Diverticulum. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(2):65-68.
Bilateral Mixed Laryngocele
Authors: Kalsotra Parmod , Gupta Rohan , Bhat Arshad , Singh KP 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Laryngocele is a rare, benign dilatation of the laryngeal saccule that may extend internally into the airway or externally through the thyrohyoid membrane. The incidence of laryngocele is 1 per 2.5 million people per year. It may be asymptomatic or sometimes may present with cough, hoarseness, stridor, sore throat and as a swelling on one or both sides of the neck. We are reporting a case of bilateral mixed laryngocele in a 41 years old male, its clinical presentation and investigations along with a review of literature.

How to cite this article
Gupta R, Gupta S, Bhat A, Kalsotra P, Singh KP, Prakash O, Gupta S. Bilateral Mixed Laryngocele. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(2):69-72.
Interpretation of observed microwave signatures from ground dual polarization radar and space multi-frequency radiometer for the 2011 Grímsvötn volcanic eruption
Authors: Montopoli M. , Vulpiani G. , Cimini D. , Picciotti E. , Marzano F. S. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract. The important role played by ground-based microwave weather radars for the monitoring of volcanic ash clouds has been recently demonstrated. The potential of microwaves from satellite passive and ground-based active sensors to estimate near-source volcanic ash cloud parameters has been also proposed, though with little investigation of their synergy and the role of the radar polarimetry. The goal of this work is to show the potentiality and drawbacks of the X-band dual polarization (DPX) radar measurements through the data acquired during the latest Grímsvötn volcanic eruptions that took place in May 2011 in Iceland. The analysis is enriched by the comparison between DPX data and the observations from the satellite Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) and a C-band single polarization (SPC) radar. SPC, DPX, and SSMIS instruments cover a large range of the microwave spectrum, operating respectively at 5.4, 3.2, and 0.16–1.6 cm wavelengths.
Improved scattering radiative transfer for frozen hydrometeors at microwave frequencies
Authors: Geer A. J. , Baordo F. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract. To simulate passive microwave radiances in all-sky conditions requires better knowledge of the scattering properties of frozen hydrometeors. Typically, snow particles are represented as spheres and their scattering properties are calculated using Mie theory, but this is unrealistic and particularly in deep-convective areas, it produces too much scattering in mid frequencies (e.g. 30–50 GHz) and too little scattering at high frequencies (e.g. 150–183 GHz). These problems make it hard to assimilate microwave observations in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, particularly in situations where scattering effects are most important such as over land surfaces or in moisture sounding channels. Using the discrete dipole approximation to compute scattering properties, more accurate results can be generated by modelling frozen particles as ice rosettes or simplified snowflakes, though hexagonal plates and columns often give worse results than Mie spheres. To objectively decide on the best particle shape (and size distribution) this study uses global forecast departures from an NWP system (e.g. observation minus forecast differences) to indicate the quality of agreement between model and observations. It is easy to improve results in one situation but worsen them in others, so a rigorous method is needed: four different statistics are checked; these statistics are required to stay the same or improve in all channels between 10 GHz and 183 GHz and in all weather situations globally. The optimal choice of snow particle shape and size distribution is better across all frequencies and all weather conditions, giving confidence in its physical realism. Compared to the Mie sphere, most of the systematic error is removed and departure statistics are improved by 10 to 60%. However, this improvement is achieved with a simple “one-size-fits-all” shape for snow; there is little additional benefit in choosing the particle shape according to the precipitation type. These developments have improved the accuracy of scattering radiative transfer sufficiently that microwave all-sky assimilation is being extended to land surfaces, to higher frequencies and to sounding channels.