bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do current screening recommendations allow for early detection of lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism in patients with bipolar disorder?
Authors: Berger Michael , Riedel Michael , Tomova Nora , Obermeier Michael , Seemüller Florian , Dittmann Sandra , Moeller Hans-Jürgen , Severus Emanuel 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Current screening recommendations for early detection of lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism propose an exclusive measurement of serum albumin-adjusted calcium (Aac) concentration as a single first step. However, longitudinal data in patients with recurrent affective disorders suggest that increases in serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels in lithium-treated patients may not necessarily be accompanied by a parallel increase in the concentration of Aac. If true, patients with an isolated increase in iPTH concentration above the reference range might be missed following current screening recommendations. Therefore, this study set out to examine key parameters of calcium metabolism, including iPTH and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations in patients with bipolar disorder that was or was not managed with lithium.

Methods
Sixty patients with bipolar disorder according to DSM-IV were enrolled, 30 of whom had received long-term lithium treatment (lithium group), whereas the other 30 patients were on psychopharmacological treatment not including lithium (non-lithium group) at the time of the study. Owing to exclusion criteria (e.g., lithium < 6 months, laboratory results indicative of secondary hyperparathyroidism), 23 bipolar patients composed the final lithium group, whereas 28 patients remained in the non-lithium group for statistical analyses.

Results
Patients in the lithium group showed a significantly higher concentration of iPTH compared to the non-lithium group (p < 0.05). Similarly, Aac concentrations were significantly increased in the lithium group compared to the non-lithium group (p < 0.05). However, in a multivariate linear regression model, group affiliation only predicted iPTH concentration (p < 0.05). In line with this, none of the four patients in the lithium group with an iPTH concentration above the reference range had an Aac concentration above the reference range.

Discussion
This study suggests that the biochemical characteristics between primary hyperparathyroidism and lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism differ substantially with regard to regulation of calcium homeostasis. As such, current screening practice does not reliably detect iPTH concentrations above the reference range. Therefore, further research is needed to elucidate the consequences of an isolated iPTH concentration above the reference range in order to develop the most appropriate screening tools for hyperparathyroidism in lithium-treated patients with bipolar disorder.
6. Bremer eBook-Tag
Authors: Rautenberg Anke 
Published: June 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Seit 2006 richtet der Bibliotheksdienstleister Missing Link den Bremer eBook-Tag aus. Die diesjährige Veranstaltung behandelte schwerpunktmäßig das Erwerbungsmodell Patron Driven Acquisition. Daneben wurden viele neue Entwicklungen und Angebote rund ums eBook vorgestellt und Besonderheiten bei der Arbeit mit eBooks diskutiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über die Veranstaltung und fasst die Vorträge zusammen.
Crystal structure of tetraaqua-bis(4-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzoato-κN)-zinc(II) decahydrate, C18H40N6O18Zn
Authors: Han Songbai , Wang Hongli 
Published: June 2013

Abstract C18H40N6O18Zn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 25.84(2) Å, b = 7.910(5) Å, c = 16.856(1) Å, β = 112.734(9)°, V = 3177 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0319, wRref(F2) = 0.0757, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 4-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, C12H7F3O2S
Authors: Zhu Guang-Zhou , Lu Zai-Sheng , Shi Huan-Le 
Published: June 2013

Abstract C12H7F3O2S, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 11.092(2) Å, b = 12.928(2) Å, c = 14.071(2) Å, α = 114.708(2)°, β = 104.991(2)°, γ = 90.827(2)°, V = 1753.2 Å3, Z = 6, Rgt(F) = 0.0374, wRref(F2) = 0.1101, T = 296 K.
An ihren Worten sollt ihr sie erkennen – Zuordnung, Eingrenzung und Abgrenzung als Grundfunktionen der Sprache
Authors: Raecke Jochen 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Starting from the believe that the main function of the language is communication, the article problematizes the obviousness of this assumption. The linguistic situation in the Slavia after the revolutions of 1989 suggests quite another idea: speaking the same language significates the membership of a community, i.e. the diversification of (not only Slavonic) languages attests a social need of individuals rather than the wish to communicate ideas, emotions etc. Speaking a language means to belong to a certain social group and to be distinguished from another social group. Thus, Bühler’s organon model has to be inverted, the assigning function of the language precedes all other functions (representing, appealing etc.). As the author assumes, most of such common linguistic developments like language change, multilingualism or the difficulty to speak a foreign language without accent can be attributed to this basic function of exclusion and inclusion.
The checkered history of checkerboard distributions
Authors: Connor Edward F. , Collins Michael D. , Simberloff Daniel 
Published: June 2013

To address the idea that the process of interspecific competition can be inferred from data on geographical distribution alone and that evidence from geographical distribution implies an important role for interspecific competition in shaping ecological communities, we reexamine the occurrence of “true checkerboard” distributions among the land and freshwater birds in three Melanesian archipelagoes: Vanuatu, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands. We use the most recently published distributional records and explicitly include the geography of the distributions of species within each archipelago.We use the overlap of convex hulls to estimate the overlap in the geographic range for each pair of species in each of these archipelagoes. We define a “true checkerboard” to consist of a pair of species with exclusive island‐by‐island distributions, but that have overlapping geographical ranges. To avoid the “dilution effect,” we follow Diamond and Gilpin in focusing only on congeneric and within‐guild species pairs as potential competitors.Few, if any, “true checkerboards” exist in these archipelagoes that could possibly have been influenced by competitive interactions, and even “true checkerboards” can arise for reasons other than interspecific competition. The similarity between related species pairs (congeneric and within‐guild pairs) and unrelated species pairs in their deviation from expectation of the number of islands shared and the overlap of their geographic ranges indicates that these are not distinct statistical populations, but rather a single population of species pairs. Our result, which is based on an examination of the distributional data alone, is consistent with the interpretation that, in these avifaunas, the distributions of congeneric, within‐guild, and unrelated species pairs are shaped by a common set of biological and physical environmental processes.
ISCHEMIA MODIFIED ALBUMIN LEVELS AND INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA / NIVOI ALBUMINA MODIFIKOVANOG ISHEMIJOM I POVI[ENI OKSIDANTNI STRES KOD PACIJENATA SA MULTIPLIM MIJELOMOM
Authors: Ellidag Hamit Yasar , Eren Esin , Yilmaz Necat , Bayindir Asli 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Background: Impaired oxidative/antioxidative balance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of the novel marker ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and albumin adjusted-IMA (Adj-IMA) in patients with multi- ple myeloma (MM) as well as its association with total antiox- idant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI).
Methods: Forty patients with MM (18 females, 22 males; mean age 67.55±8.39 years) and forty age/sex-matched healthy persons (19 females, 21 males; mean age 66.37 ± 6.76 years) were included in this study. Serum levels of IMA, TAS, TOS were analyzed and Adj-IMA and OSI was calcu- lated. Results:
Serum IMA, TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher in patients with MM compared to controls (p<0.001 all parameters). There was no significant difference for serum albumin-adjusted IMA and TAS levels between groups (p=0.83 and p=0.17 respectively).
Conclusions: In this study, an impaired oxidative/antioxidant status in favor of oxidative stress was found in MM patients. This observation was not confirmed by Adj-IMA calculation. Further studies are needed to establish the relationship of IMA and oxidative stress parameters in multiple myeloma and their relationship to MM and other cancers.
Protective effects of preserving the posterior complex on the development of adjacent-segment degeneration after lumbar fusion
Authors: Liu Haichun , Wu Wenliang , Li Yi , Liu Jinwei , Yang Kaiyun , Chen Yunzhen 
Published: June 2013

Object
During the past decades, lumbar fusion has increasingly become a standard treatment for degenerative spinal disorders. However, it has also been associated with an increased incidence of adjacent-segment degeneration (ASD). Previous studies have reported less ASD in anterior fusion surgeries; thus, the authors hypothesized that the integrity of the posterior complex plays an important role in ASD. This study was designed to investigate the effect of the posterior complex on adjacent instability after lumbar instrumentation and the development of ASD.

Methods
To evaluate different surgical interventions, 120 patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 40 patients each who were statistically similar with respect to demographic and clinical data. Patients in Group A were allocated for facet joint resection and L4–5 fusion, Group B for semilaminectomy and fusion, and Group C for complete laminectomy and fusion. All of the patients were followed up for 5–7 years (mean 5.9 years). The disc height, intervertebral disc angle, dynamic intervertebral angular range of motion (ROM), L3–4 slip, and the total lordosis angle were each measured before the operation and at the final follow-up. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was determined before surgery and at the final follow-up to evaluate the clinical results.

Results
Among the 3 groups, no significant differences were detected in all clinical and demographic assessments before surgery. At 3 months after surgery, the JOA score of all groups improved significantly and showed no significant differences among the groups. At the final follow-up, Group C had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower JOA score than the other 2 groups. Moreover, the disc height and total lumbar lordosis in patients of Group C were significantly decreased compared with disc height and total lumbar lordosis in the other 2 groups. In contrast, disc angle, dynamic angular ROM, and listhesis were significantly higher in Group C than in the other 2 groups. Twenty-four patients showed signs of ASD after the operation (3 patients in Group A, 4 in B, and 17 in C). The number of patients in Group C showing ASD was significantly different from that in Groups A and B.

Conclusions
During follow-up for 6 years, a significantly higher number of patients with ASD were noted in the complete-laminectomy group. The number of reoperations for treating ASD was much higher in this patient group than in the patients undergoing facet joint resection and L4–5 fusion or semilaminectomy and fusion. Therefore, preserving the posterior complex as much as possible during surgery plays an important role in preventing ASD and in reducing the reoperation rate.
Duck HBV Dna Copy Numbers in Isolated Hepatocyte Nuclei Vary Dramatically and Decline during Entecavir Therapy
Authors: Shen Guojun , Fu Xihua , Zhou Bin , Yin Junhua , Zhong Chunxiu , Chen Jinjun , Hou Jinlin 
Published: June 2013

Background We aimed to develop a quantitative assay to measure duck HBV (DHBV) DNA in single hepatocyte nuclei from DHBV-infected animals and to observe intranuclear DHBV DNA kinetics undergoing entecavir (ETV) therapy. Methods DHBV DNA in isolated nuclei was amplified by quantitative real-time PCR. Liver tissues from chronically-infected ducks with or without ETV treatment were assessed. Cell cycle phases were defined with flow cytometry in single nuclei. Results We successfully established a quantitative assay to measure intranuclear DHBV DNA in single nuclei with high specificity, sensitivity and acceptable interassay variations. The intranuclear viral DNA copy numbers varied dramatically (2–204 copies/nuclei) in 11 ducks with active viral replication. Average intranuclear DHBV DNA copies from individual animals (7.57–57.67 copies/nuclei) significantly correlated with total intranuclear ( r s=0.955, P<0.001) and serum ( r s=0.745, P=0.008) viral DNA levels. The median intranuclear DHBV DNA copies in virus-positive nuclei were greater in gap 0/1 than those in gap 2/ mitosis and synthesis phases ( P<0.001). Median intranuclear viral DNA copies in virus-positive nuclei decreased from 21 to 6 ( P<0.001) under 14–19 weeks of ETV therapy. However, subsequently, further reductions were not achieved in four animals after extended 16 week treatment (6 versus 11, P=0.034). Conclusions Intranuclear DHBV DNA levels varied significantly, which could be partially attributed to effects of cell cycle phases, and could be decreased by ETV therapy.
The National Sports Safety in Secondary Schools Benchmark (N4SB) Study: Defining Athletic Training Practice Characteristics
Authors: McLeod Tamara C. Valovich , Bliven Kellie C. Huxel , Lam Kenneth C. , Bay R. Curtis , Valier Alison R. Snyder , Parsons John T. 
Published: June 2013

Context:
Increased rates of sport participation and sport-related injury have led to greater emphasis on and attention to medical care of student-athletes in the secondary school setting. Access to athletic training services is seen as a critical factor for delivering adequate injury prevention and medical care to student-athletes. However, few data are available regarding practice characteristics of athletic trainers (ATs) in this setting.

Objective:
To characterize the practices of secondary school athletic trainers (ATs).

Design:
Descriptive study.

Setting:
Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 17 558 ATs with current National Athletic Trainers' Association membership were identified for survey distribution. Of these, 4232 ATs indicated that they practiced in the secondary school setting, and 4045 completed some part of the survey.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
A Web-based survey was used to obtain demographic information about ATs and their secondary schools and characteristics of athletic training practice. Descriptive data regarding the athletic trainer's personal characteristics, secondary school characteristics, and practice patterns are reported as percentages and frequencies.

Results:
Most respondents were in the early stages of their careers and relatively new to the secondary school practice setting. Nearly two-thirds (62.4%; n = 2522) of respondents had 10 or fewer years of experience as secondary school ATs, 52% (n = 2132) had been certified for 10 or fewer years, and 53.4% (n = 2164) had 10 or fewer years of experience in any practice setting. The majority of respondents (85%) worked in public schools with enrollment of 1000 to 1999 (35.5%) and with football (95.5%). More than half of respondents were employed directly by their school. Most respondents (50.6%) reported an athletic training budget of less than $4000. The majority of ATs performed evaluations (87.5%) on-site all of the time, with a smaller percentage providing treatments (73.3%) or rehabilitation (47.4%) services all of the time.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to describe secondary school athletic training that reflects national practice trends. To improve the quality of athletic training care and to support and improve current working conditions, the profession must examine how its members practice on a day-to-day basis.
Design, Synthesis, and Application of the Trimethoprim‐Based Chemical Tag for Live‐Cell Imaging
Authors: Jing Chaoran , Cornish Virginia W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOver the past decade, chemical tags have been developed to complement the use of fluorescent proteins in live‐cell imaging. Chemical tags retain the specificity of protein labeling achieved with fluorescent proteins through genetic encoding, but provide smaller, more robust tags and modular use of organic fluorophores with high photon output and tailored functionalities. The trimethoprim‐based chemical tag (TMP‐tag) was initially developed based on the high affinity interaction between E. coli dihydrofolate reductase and the antibiotic trimethoprim and was subsequently rendered covalent and fluorogenic via proximity‐induced protein labeling reactions. To date, the TMP‐tag is one of the few chemical tags that enable intracellular protein labeling and high‐resolution live‐cell imaging. Here we describe the general design, chemical synthesis, and application of TMP‐tag for live‐cell imaging. Alternate protocols for synthesizing and using the covalent and the fluorogenic TMP‐tags are also included. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 5:131‐155 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
And Yet it Moves! Microfluidics Without Channels and Troughs
Authors: Lugli Francesca , Fioravanti Giulia , Pattini Denise , Pasquali Luca , Montecchi Monica , Gentili Denis , Murgia Mauro , Hemmatian Zahra , Cavallini Massimiliano , Zerbetto Francesco 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA simple, versatile, rapid, and inexpensive procedure based on the immersion method is developed to fabricate chemical gradients on chemically activated Si/SiO2 surfaces by a trichloro (1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctyl) silane self‐assembly monolayer (SAM). Contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data based on the intensity of the signals of C1s and F1s, which progressively increase, indicate that the surface is characterized by the presence of increasing amounts of the SAM along the gradient direction. Experimental conditions are optimized by maximizing the variation of the contact angle of water drops at the starting and the ending points of the gradient. The application of the chemical gradient to droplet motion is demonstrated. The results are rationalized by dissipative particle dynamics simulations that well match the observed contact angles and the velocities of the drops. The simulations also show that the intrinsic nature of the gradient affects the velocity of the motion.
Extremely Low Operating Voltage Green Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Sasabe Hisahiro , Nakanishi Hiromi , Watanabe Yuichiro , Yano Shogo , Hirasawa Masakatsu , Pu Yong‐Jin , Kido Junji 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) are expected to be adopted as the next generation of general lighting because they are more efficient than fluorescent tubes and are mercury‐free. The theoretical limit of operating voltage is generally believed to be equal to the energy gap, which corresponds to the energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) for the emitter molecule divided by the electron charge (e). Here, green OLEDs operating below a theoretical limit of the energy gap (Eg) voltage with high external quantum efficiency over 20% are demonstrated using fac‐tris(2‐phenylpyridine)iridium(III) with a peak emission wavelength of 523 nm, which is equivalent to a photon energy of 2.38 eV. An optimized OLED operates clearly below the theoretical limit of the Eg voltage at 2.38 V showing 100 cd m−2 at 2.25 V and 5000 cd m−2 at 2.95 V without any light outcoupling enhancement techniques.
Dibromohydantoin: A Convenient Brominating Reagent for 1,4,5,8‐Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride
Authors: Sasikumar M. , Suseela Y. V. , Govindaraju T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn efficient and economical reagent for the bromination of 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride under mild reaction conditions is reported. 1,4,5,8‐Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride was smoothly brominated by treatment with 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dibromohydantoin (DBH) in concentrated H2SO4 as a solvent under ambient conditions. Mono‐, di‐, and tetrabrominated products were obtained in good‐to‐excellent yield by varying the equivalents of brominating reagent used, and the products were purified by crystallization. The mild reaction conditions and simple workup procedure make this method a practical and commercially viable route for the synthesis of pure mono‐, di‐, and tetrabrominated 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydrides. Condensation of these dianhydrides with n‐octylamine gives the corresponding imide (N,N′) substituted mono‐, di‐, and tetrabromonaphthalene diimides, which are versatile precursors for the synthesis of core‐functionalized naphthalene diimides. Toluene as a solvent significantly improves the efficiency of nucleophilic core substitution of these bromonaphthalene diimides with n‐octylamine to afford core‐substituted mono‐, di‐, and tetra‐(n‐octylamino)‐naphthalene diimides. The core substitution reactions are clean, without any side products, and give excellent yields. The UV/vis absorbance and fluorescence properties of the core functionalized naphthalene diimides were studied and found to be dependent on the number of core substituents.
Optimierte Nanopartikel‐Katalyse für die Sauerstoffreduktionsreaktion
Authors: Guo Shaojun , Zhang Sen , Sun Shouheng 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFortschritte in der chemischen Synthese führen zu einer immer besseren Kontrolle der Größe, Form, Zusammensetzung, Struktur und Katalyseeigenschaften von Nanopartikeln (NPs). Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über Platin‐ und andere Nanopartikel für den Einsatz als Nanokatalysatoren in der Sauerstoffreduktionsreaktion (ORR) unter den Reaktionsbedingungen einer Brennstoffzelle. Zunächst werden die formkontrollierte Synthese von Pt‐NPs und der Einfluss der Partikelform auf die katalytischen Eigenschaften in der ORR diskutiert. Anschließend werden NP‐Legierungen und Kern‐Schale‐NPs mit optimierten elektronischen und geometrischen Effekten sowie Pt‐NPs auf Graphenträgern oder mit einer Hülle aus einer ionischen Flüssigkeit betrachtet. Schließlich werden einige andere Metall‐NPs diskutiert, die eine neue Generation von Katalysatoren für die ORR darstellen. Die vorgestellten Synthesewege ermöglichen eine zielgerichtete Steuerung der Eigenschaften der NPs und bilden eine gute Ausgangsbasis für die Entwicklung hochwirksamer Katalysatoren für Brennstoffzellen, Metall‐Luft‐Batterien und andere wichtige chemische Reaktionen.
Predictions of young's modulus of inorganic fibrous particulate‐reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Liang Ji‐Zhao 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, the factors affecting the Young's modulus of inorganic fibrous particulate‐reinforced polymer composites were analyzed, and a new expression of the Young's modulus was derived and was based on a simplified mechanical model. This equation was used to estimate the composite Young's modulus. The estimated relative Young's modulus increased nonlinearly with increasing filler volume fraction. Finally, we verified the equation preliminarily by quoting the measured Young's modulus values of poly(butylene terephthalate)/wollastonite, polypropylene/wollastonite, and nylon 6/wollastonite composites reported in the literature. Good agreement was shown between the predictions and the experimental data of the relative Young's modulus values for these three composite systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2957–2961, 2013