bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Response of Nano‐Scale Core‐Shell Rubber Toughened Sandwich Composites
Authors: Gardner N. , Gupta S. , Shukla A. , Nolet S. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTHigh‐pressure shock performance of sandwich composites consisting of nano‐scale core‐shell rubber (CSR) toughened E‐glass Vinyl‐Ester face‐sheets and CorecellTM A500 (Gurit (USA) Inc., Bristol, Rhode Island, USA) foam was studied using a shock tube apparatus. The core material and thickness, as well as overall specimen dimensions, were held constant, with the only difference arising in the resin system used during the infusion. The non‐core‐shell rubber toughened resin system (Non‐CSR) consisted of a vinyl‐ester resin only, while the CSR toughened resin consisted of the same vinyl‐ester resin, but with Kane Ace MX 153 CSR particles added to the vinyl‐ester resin system. Prior to the shock tube experiments, the quasi‐static and dynamic constitutive behaviour of the face‐sheets (tensile/compressive) and foam (compressive) was evaluated. During the shock tube testing, a high‐speed photography system coupled with the optical technique of digital image correlation was utilized to capture the real‐time deformation process, as well as mechanisms of failure in the sandwich composites. Post‐mortem analysis was also carried out to evaluate the overall shock performance of these configurations. Results indicated that adding CSR particles to sandwich composites aids in dispersing the initial shock wave loading, thus reducing the overall deflection, strain, and velocity and improving the overall blast resistance of the structure.
Validity in World City Network Measurements
Authors: Neal Zachary 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn the literature on world city networks, there has been a proliferation of both theories and measurement methodologies, but relatively little attention to the linkage between theory and measurement. In this paper, I review the interlocking world city network model (IWCNM) and three additional bipartite projection‐based measures of the world city network, considering which theoretical conception of the ‘world city network’ construct each can validly measure. I introduce a new Stata command, onemode, to compute these four measures, and use them to produce world city networks from three publicly available datasets on advanced producer services, international organisations, and engineering and architecture firms. The results suggest that each projection‐based measure is potentially valid, but only for a corresponding understanding of the world city network. Researchers are encouraged to clearly define what they mean when invoking the phrase ‘the world city network,’ and only then selecting a measurement that is valid.
A Research Odyssey: from Interlocking Network Model to Extraordinary Cities
Authors: Taylor Peter J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe paper charts a personal research journey that begins with the specification of the interlocking network model for cities and concludes with interpretation of cities as truly extraordinary. Three products of this model are discussed. First, this very specific model has generated a mini‐literature on cities in globalisation and this is briefly outlined. Second, the model has been interpreted as a generic description of inter‐city relations – central flow theory – and this is illustrated using historical examples. Third, there is a discussion of criticisms of the model and the relevance of green networks of extraordinary cities for thinking about the future of humanity.
Rotterdam and Amsterdam as Trading Places? In Search of the Economic‐Geographical Nexus between Global Commodity Chains and World Cities
Authors: Jacobs Wouter 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis Windows on the Netherlands addresses the economic geography of commodity trade by providing insights from two Dutch port cities: Rotterdam and Amsterdam. It is argued that commodity traders provide an empirical site for uncovering the missing links between research on world cities on the one hand, and global commodity chains on the other. Commodity trading is compelling as it is linked both with the financial sector (financing and paper trade) and with the production and distribution of commodities (storage and transportation). However, these two activities do not necessarily need to be in geographical proximity. Rotterdam and Amsterdam handle large volumes of commodities flowing through their ports, but the trading desks of the large commodity houses handle the trade transactions. There is a strong presence of the world's largest commodity traders in the Netherlands, which include not only the port‐based physical‐operational functions but also the trading desks, treasuries and holding companies. The paper concludes with an overview of avenues for further research.
Introduction: The Interlocking Network Model for Studying Urban Networks: Outline, Potential, Critiques, and Ways Forward
Authors: Derudder Ben , Parnreiter Christof 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe paper begins with an introduction into the interlocking network model (INM) initially specified by Peter Taylor in the context of the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) research network. For that purpose, the intellectual background, purpose, key principles and subsequent applications of the INM are presented. Since the overall purpose of the Special Issue is to take research inspired by the INM further, this paper gives, second, an overview of some of the main critiques raised against the INM. Third, the relevance of the different papers of the Special Issue is framed within these critiques. The papers in the Special Issue can be divided in two groups: while the first set discusses the measurement framework, the second focuses on the conceptual remit of the INM.
Evaluation of the i‐STAT portable point‐of‐care analyzer for determination of blood gases and acid–base status in newborn calves
Authors: Bleul Ulrich , Götz Eva 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo validate the i‐STAT, a portable hand‐held analyzer that allows point‐of‐care measurement of blood gases, acid–base, lactate, and other blood variables in food animal practice for analysis of blood samples of newborn calves.DesignProspective observational study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.Measurements and Main ResultsA total of 271 venous blood samples were analyzed for PvO2, PvCO2, pH, base excess (BE), HCO3, venous saturation of oxygen (SvO2), and total carbon dioxide (TCO2) using an i‐STAT and a Rapidlab 248 bench top analyzer that served as the reference method. l‐lactate was measured using the i‐STAT as well as photometrically. Results from the i‐STAT and the reference methods were compared. The analytes BE, HCO3, and TCO2 showed a constant systematic error across the entire range with 2.3, 1.9, and 2.0 mmol/L lower values, respectively, than the values measured by the reference method. Based on the combined inherent imprecision of the 2 analyzers and after correcting the influences of systematic errors, the PvO2, HCO3, and SvO2 were within the acceptable limits in 76% to 91% of the cases. Ninety‐five percent of the measurements of PvCO2 and BE were within acceptable limits.ConclusionsThe overall performance of the i‐STAT was good except for BE, HCO3, and TCO2, thus limiting its usefulness in clinical studies. However this hand‐held device allows rapid, reliable, and accurate point‐of‐care blood analyses and thus can be useful in bovine practice.
Metabolomics of AS‐5 RBC supernatants following routine storage
Authors: D'Alessandro A. , Hansen K. C. , Silliman C. C. , Moore E. E. , Kelher M. , Banerjee A. 
Published: September 2014

Background and ObjectivesThe safety and efficacy of stored red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion has been long debated due to retrospective clinical evidence and laboratory results, indicating a potential correlation between increased morbidity and mortality following transfusion of RBC units stored longer than 14 days. We hypothesize that storage in Optisol additive solution‐5 leads to a unique metabolomics profile in the supernatant of stored RBCs.Materials and MethodsWhole blood was drawn from five healthy donors, RBC units were manufactured, and prestorage leucoreduced by filtration. Samples were taken on days 1 and 42, the cells removed, and mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics was performed.ResultsThe results confirmed the progressive impairment of RBC energy metabolism by day 42 with indirect markers of a parallel alteration of glutathione and NADPH homeostasis. Moreover, oxidized pro‐inflammatory lipids accumulated by the end of storage.ConclusionThe supernatants from stored RBCs may represent a burden to the transfused recipients from a metabolomics standpoint.
Heart Rate and Perceived Exertion in Healthy Weight and Obese Children During a Self-Selected Physical Activity Program
Authors: Tompkins Connie L. , Flanagan Timothy , Lavoie John , Brock David W. 
Published: September 2014

Background:Compared with structured/organized activities, unstructured, self-selected physical activity (PA) may be more appealing for children in particular obese (OB) children. We examined whether both healthy-weight (HW) and OB children would engage in moderate to vigorous intensity PA during an unstructured PA program and compared heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) between the children.Methods:Twenty-one children [9 OB (≥95th BMI percentile, 12 HW (5th – <85th), 8.6 ± 0.8 years; 9 males, 12 females] participated in before-school (7:30 AM to 8:15 AM) PA for 18 weeks, 3 consecutive days/week. Each child wore a Polar E600 HR monitor and was provided a vigorous, age-targeted heart rate (THR) of 70%.Results:Mean HR ≥ vigorous THR for all children in 65.3% of the sessions and exceeded moderate intensity in 100%. Over the 18-weeks, no significant difference was observed in the overall mean HR between the HW (171.4 ± 12.0) and OB (169.3 ± 13.0), however the OB reported significantly lower RPEs than the HW (16.9 ± 2.6 vs. 17.6 ± 1.5, respectively; P < .05).Conclusions:Both the HW and OB children consistently sustained PA of moderate and vigorous intensity. The current study provides insight regarding the physiological capabilities and perceptual responses of HW and OB children participating in PA programs.
Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 among Hospitalized Patients Colonized Intestinally with Fluoroquinolone-Resistant E. coli
Authors: Han Jennifer H. , Johnston Brian , Nachamkin Irving , Tolomeo Pam , Bilker Warren B. , Mao Xiangqun , Clabots Connie , Lautenbach Ebbing , Johnson James R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

This study examined molecular and epidemiologic factors associated with
Escherichia coli
sequence type 131 (ST131) among hospitalized patients colonized intestinally with fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant
E. coli
between 2002 and 2004. Among 86 patients, 21 (24%) were colonized with ST131. The proportion of ST131 isolates among colonizing isolates increased significantly over time, from 8% in 2002 to 50% in 2004 (
P
= 0.003). Furthermore, all 19 clonally related isolates were ST131. Future studies should identify potential transmissibility differences between ST131 and non-ST131 strains.
In Vitro
Potential of Lycosin-I as an Alternative Antimicrobial Drug for Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections
Authors: Wang Ling , Wang Yong-Jun , Liu Yin-Yin , Li Hui , Guo Ling-Xia , Liu Zhong-Hua , Shi Xiao-Liu , Hu Min 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

The resistance of multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
(MDRAB) isolates to most traditional antibiotics results in huge challenges for infection therapy. We investigated the
in vitro
activities of both
l
- and
d
-lycosin-I against MDRAB. These two compounds displayed high antibacterial activities and rapid bactericidal effects against MDRAB. Moreover, the compounds retained their activity even at high salt (Mg
2+
or Ca
2+
) concentrations. These results demonstrate the potential of lycosin-I to be developed as a new antibiotic.
Temporal Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Associated Traits within the Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Clonal Group and Its
H
30 and
H
30-Rx Subclones, 1968 to 2012
Authors: Olesen Bente , Frimodt-Møller Jakob , Leihof Rikke Fleron , Struve Carsten , Johnston Brian , Hansen Dennis S. , Scheutz Flemming , Krogfelt Karen A. , Kuskowski Michael A. , Clabots Connie , Johnson James R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

To identify possible explanations for the recent global emergence of
Escherichia coli
sequence type (ST) 131 (ST131), we analyzed temporal trends within ST131 O25 for antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, biofilm formation, and the
H
30 and
H
30-Rx subclones. For this, we surveyed the WHO
E. coli
and
Klebsiella
Centre's
E. coli
collection (1957 to 2011) for ST131 isolates, characterized them extensively, and assessed them for temporal trends. Overall, antimicrobial resistance increased temporally in prevalence and extent, due mainly to the recent appearance of the
H
30 (1997) and
H
30-Rx (2005) ST131 subclones. In contrast, neither the total virulence gene content nor the prevalence of biofilm production increased temporally, although non-
H
30 isolates increasingly qualified as extraintestinal pathogenic
E. coli
(ExPEC). Whereas virotype D occurred from 1968 forward, virotypes A and C occurred only after 2000 and 2002, respectively, in association with the
H30
and
H30
-Rx subclones, which were characterized by multidrug resistance (including extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase [ESBL] production:
H
30-Rx) and absence of biofilm production. Capsular antigen K100 occurred exclusively among
H
30-Rx isolates (55% prevalence). Pulsotypes corresponded broadly with subclones and virotypes. Thus, ST131 should be regarded not as a unitary entity but as a group of distinctive subclones, with its increasing antimicrobial resistance having a strong clonal basis, i.e., the emergence of the
H
30 and
H
30-Rx ST131 subclones, rather than representing acquisition of resistance by diverse ST131 strains. Distinctive characteristics of the
H
30-Rx subclone—including specific virulence genes (
iutA
,
afa
and
dra
,
kpsII
), the K100 capsule, multidrug resistance, and ESBL production—possibly contributed to epidemiologic success, and some (e.g., K100) might serve as vaccine targets.
A Propensity Score Analysis Shows that Empirical Treatment with Linezolid Does Not Increase the Thirty-Day Mortality Rate in Patients with Gram-Negative Bacteremia
Authors: Ternavasio-de la Vega Hugo-Guillermo , Mateos-Díaz Ana-María , Martinez Jose-Antonio , Almela Manel , Cobos-Trigueros Nazaret , Morata Laura , De-la-Calle Cristina , Sala Marta , Mensa Josep , Marcos Miguel , Soriano Alex 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

The role of linezolid in empirical therapy of suspected bacteremia remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of empirical use of linezolid or glycopeptides in addition to other antibiotics on the 30-day mortality rates in patients with Gram-negative bacteremia. For this purpose, 1,126 patients with Gram-negative bacteremia in the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona from 2000 to 2012 were included in this study. In order to compare the mortality rates between patients who received linezolid or glycopeptides, the propensity scores on baseline variables were used to balance the treatment groups, and both propensity score matching and propensity-adjusted logistic regression were used to compare the 30-day mortality rates between the groups. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 16.0% during the study period. Sixty-eight patients received empirical treatment with linezolid, and 1,058 received glycopeptides. The propensity score matching included 64 patients in each treatment group. After matching, the mortality rates were 14.1% (9/64) in patients who received glycopeptides and 21.9% (14/64) in those who received linezolid, and a nonsignificant association between empirical linezolid treatment and mortality rate (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 3.82;
P
= 0.275, McNemar's test) was found. This association remained nonsignificant when variables that remained unbalanced after matching were included in a conditional logistic regression model. Further, the stratified propensity score analysis did not show any significant relationship between empirical linezolid treatment and the mortality rate after adjustment by propensity score quintiles or other variables potentially associated with mortality. In conclusion, the propensity score analysis showed that empirical treatment with linezolid compared with that with glycopeptides was not associated with 30-day mortality rates in patients with Gram-negative bacteremia.
Cell Envelope Components Influencing Filament Length in the Heterocyst-Forming Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120
Authors: Burnat Mireia , Schleiff Enrico , Flores Enrique 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria grow as chains of cells (known as trichomes or filaments) that can be hundreds of cells long. The filament consists of individual cells surrounded by a cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan layers. The cells, however, share a continuous outer membrane, and septal proteins, such as SepJ, are important for cell-cell contact and filament formation. Here, we addressed a possible role of cell envelope components in filamentation, the process of producing and maintaining filaments, in the model cyanobacterium
Anabaena
sp. strain PCC 7120. We studied filament length and the response of the filaments to mechanical fragmentation in a number of strains with mutations in genes encoding cell envelope components. Previously published peptidoglycan- and outer membrane-related gene mutants and strains with mutations in two genes (
all5045
and
alr0718
) encoding class B penicillin-binding proteins isolated in this work were used. Our results show that filament length is affected in most cell envelope mutants, but the filaments of
alr5045
and
alr2270
gene mutants were particularly fragmented. All5045 is a
dd
-transpeptidase involved in peptidoglycan elongation during cell growth, and Alr2270 is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of lipid A, a key component of lipopolysaccharide. These results indicate that both components of the cell envelope, the murein sacculus and the outer membrane, influence filamentation. As deduced from the filament fragmentation phenotypes of their mutants, however, none of these elements is as important for filamentation as the septal protein SepJ.
ECG findings in competitive rowers: normative data and the prevalence of abnormalities using contemporary screening recommendations
Authors: Wasfy Meagan M , DeLuca James , Wang Francis , Berkstresser Brant , Ackerman Kathryn E , Eisman Aaron , Lewis Gregory D , Hutter Adolph M , Weiner Rory B , Baggish Aaron L 
Published: September 2014

Background/aimThe international governing body for competitive rowing recently mandated the inclusion of 12-lead ECG during preparticipation screening. We therefore sought to describe normative ECG characteristics and to examine the prevalence of abnormal ECG findings as defined by contemporary athlete ECG interpretation criteria among competitive rowers.MethodsCompetitive rowers (n=330, 56% male) underwent standard 12-lead ECG at the time of collegiate preparticipation screening. ECGs were analysed quantitatively to develop a sport-specific normative database and then for the presence of abnormalities in accordance with the 2010 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommendations and 2013 ‘Seattle Criteria.’Results94% of rowers had one or more training-related ECG patterns including sinus bradycardia (51%), sinus arrhythmia (55%), and incomplete right bundle branch block (42%). Males were more likely than females to have isolated voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (51% vs 8%, p<0.001) and early repolarisation pattern (76% vs 23%, p<0.001). Application of the 2010 ESC criteria, compared to the Seattle criteria, resulted in the classification of a significantly greater number of abnormal ECGs (47% vs 4%; p<0.001). The detection of true pathology, accomplished by both interpretation criteria, was confined to a single case of ventricular pre-excitation.ConclusionsTraining-related ECG patterns with several gender-based differences are common among competitive rowers. The diagnostic accuracy and down-stream clinical implications of ECG-inclusive preparticipation screening among rowers will be dictated by the choice and future refinement of ECG interpretation criteria.
Birth weight and blood pressure: ‘J’ shape or linear shape? Findings from a cross-sectional study in Hong Kong Chinese women
Authors: Xie Yao Jie , Ho Suzanne C , Liu Zhao-Min , Hui Stanley Sai-Chuen 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between birth weight and blood pressure (BP) and to determine the effect of body size change from birth to adulthood on BP.DesignA cross-sectional design to collect retrospective data.Participants1253 female nurses aged 35–65 years in Hong Kong.Main outcome measuresBirth weight, height, weight, BP, waist circumference, demographics and lifestyle factors were collected by a self-administered questionnaire through mail survey. These self-reported variables have been validated in a pilot study. The conditional relative weight (CRW), which was calculated as a residual of current weight regressed on birth weight, was used to express higher or lower relative weight gain from birth to adulthood.ResultsNo significant linear association between overall range of birth weight and BP was found. The curve estimation showed a significant quadratic curvilinear association (‘J’ shape). In the piecewise-linear analysis, a significant inverse association between birth weight z-scores and BP was observed in the birth weight ≤3.1 kg group (systolic BP (SBP): coefficient B=−1.73, 95% CI −3.17 to −0.30; diastolic BP (DBP): B=−1.12, 95% CI −2.19 to −0.06). A positive but non-significant association occurred in the birth weight >3.1 kg group. Participants who belonged to the lowest 10% birth weight category but at the current top 10% BMI group had higher BP than participants in other BMI groups. The CRW z-score was positively associated with BP (coefficient B: 4.18 for SBP and 2.87 for DBP).ConclusionsUnlike most previous studies, we found a ‘J’ shape association rather than a linear association between birth weight and BP. Women with large percentile crossing of body size from birth to adulthood were more likely to have elevated BP. A higher weight gain from birth to adulthood than expected led to higher BP.