bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of stress‐dependent microcrack compliance and orientation distribution in anisotropic crystalline rocks
Authors: Sayers Colin M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCrystalline rocks in the subsurface are of interest for geothermal energy extraction, nuclear waste storage, and, when weathered or fractured, as aquifers. Compliant discontinuities such as microcracks, cracks and fractures may nucleate and propagate due to changes in pore pressure, stress and temperature. These discontinuities may provide flow pathways for fluids and, if fracturing extends to surrounding rocks, may allow escape of fluids to neighbouring formations. Monitoring such rocks using sonic logs, passive seismic, borehole seismic and surface seismic requires understanding of the propagation of elastic waves in the presence of such discontinuities. These may have an anisotropic orientation distribution as in situ stress may be anisotropic. As crystalline rock may display intrinsic anisotropy due to foliation and the preferential orientation of anisotropic minerals, quantification of the relative importance of intrinsic and microcrack‐induced anisotropy is important. This may be achieved based on the stress sensitivity of elastic wave velocities. A method that allows both the orientation distribution of microcracks and the stress dependence of their normal and shear compliance to be estimated independently of the elastic anisotropy of the background rock is presented. Results are given for anisotropic samples of gneiss from Bukov in the Czech Republic and granite from Grimsel in Switzerland based on the ultrasonic velocity measurements of Aminzadeh et al. The microcrack orientation distribution is approximately transversely isotropic for both samples with a preferred orientation of microcrack normals perpendicular to foliation. This preferred alignment is stronger in the sample of gneiss than in the granite sample, and the normal and shear compliance of the microcracks decreases with increasing compressive stress. This occurs because the contact between opposing faces of the discontinuities grows with increasing compressive stress, and this results in a decrease in elastic anisotropy with increasing compressive stress. At low stress, the ratio of microcrack normal compliance to shear compliance is approximately 0.25 for the granite sample and 0.7 for the sample of gneiss. The normal compliance ZN for both samples decreases faster with increasing compressive stress than the shear compliance ZT, resulting in a decrease in ZN/ZT with increasing compressive stress.
Neuropathic pain has sex‐specific effects on oxycodone‐seeking and non‐drug‐seeking ensemble neurons in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of mice
Authors: Sarka Bailey C. , Liu Shuai , Banerjee Anjishnu , Stucky Cheryl L. , Liu Qing‐song , Olsen Christopher M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractApproximately 50 million Americans suffer from chronic pain, and nearly a quarter of chronic pain patients have reported misusing opioid prescriptions. Repeated drug seeking is associated with reactivation of an ensemble of neurons sparsely scattered throughout the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Prior research has demonstrated that chronic pain increases intrinsic excitability of dmPFC neurons, which may increase the likelihood of reactivation during drug seeking. We tested the hypothesis that chronic pain would increase oxycodone‐seeking behaviour and that the pain state would differentially increase intrinsic excitability in dmPFC drug‐seeking ensemble neurons. TetTag mice self‐administered intravenous oxycodone. After 7 days of forced abstinence, a drug‐seeking session was performed, and the ensemble was tagged. Mice received spared nerve injury (SNI) to induce chronic pain during the period between the first and second seeking session. Following the second seeking session, we performed electrophysiology on individual neurons within the dmPFC to assess intrinsic excitability of the drug‐seeking ensemble and non‐ensemble neurons. SNI had no impact on sucrose seeking or intrinsic excitability of dmPFC neurons from these mice. In females, SNI increased oxycodone seeking and intrinsic excitability of non‐ensemble neurons. In males, SNI had no impact on oxycodone seeking or neuron excitability. Data from females are consistent with clinical reports that chronic pain can promote drug craving and relapse and support the hypothesis that chronic pain itself may lead to neuroadaptations which promote opioid seeking.
Socio‐demographic factors and mental health trajectories in Australian children and primary carers: Implications for policy and intervention using latent class analysis
Authors: Afroz Nahida , Kabir Enamul , Alam Khorshed 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChildren's mental health status (MHS) is frequently influenced by their primary carers (PCs), underscoring the significance of monitoring disparities longitudinally. This research investigated the association between socio‐demographic clusters and mental health trajectories among children and their PCs over time. Data from waves 6‐9c2 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) were analyzed using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to identify four socio‐demographic classes among children aged 10–11 years at wave 6. Multinomial logistic regression and predictive marginal analysis explored associations between classes and mental health outcomes. PCs in Class 4 (disadvantaged and separated families with indigenous children) exhibited higher odds of borderline and abnormal MHS compared to Class 1 (prosperous and stable working families) across all waves. However, while MHS of PCs' impacted children consistently, the association with socio‐demographic classes was significant only in wave 6. Class 4 children had elevated risks of mental illness compared to Class 1, while Class 3, characterized by educated working mothers, had lower risks. Reducing mental health risks entails addressing socio‐economic disparities, supporting stable family structures, and offering tailored interventions like counseling and co‐parenting support. Longitudinal monitoring and culturally sensitive approaches are crucial for promoting mental well‐being across diverse groups.
Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety in First‐Line Treatment Methods for Extensive‐Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Comparative Study of Chemotherapy, Targeted Therapy Combined With Chemotherapy, and Immunotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Tao Lu , Chen Yufo , Zhang Shanshan , Liu Yang , Li Yumei , Wang Rui 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive tumor with limited effectiveness in its standard chemotherapy treatment. Targeted antiangiogenic therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated potential as alternative treatments for extensive‐stage SCLC (ES‐SCLC). However, there is insufficient comparative evidence available to determine the optimal first‐line treatment option between ICIs plus chemotherapy and targeted antiangiogenic therapy plus chemotherapy.ObjectiveThis study is aimed at analyzing clinical data from ES‐SCLC patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between June 2021 and June 2023. The study compared the efficacy and safety of three first‐line treatment regimens: standard chemotherapy, antiangiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy, and immune combination therapy.MethodsPatients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into three groups: chemotherapy, immune combination therapy, and antiangiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy. The study collected data on clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, and adverse reactions. The analysis included objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DoR), disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and treatment safety.ResultsA total of 101 patients were included in the study, with 49 receiving chemotherapy alone, 19 receiving antiangiogenic therapy, and 33 receiving immune combination therapy. The ORRs were 78.9% for antiangiogenic therapy, 72.7% for immune combination therapy, and 42.9% for chemotherapy alone. The median PFS was 8.0 months for antiangiogenic therapy, 7.8 months for immune combination therapy, and 5.2 months for chemotherapy alone. Both combination therapy groups demonstrated superior efficacy compared to chemotherapy alone.ConclusionTargeted combined chemotherapy and immune combination chemotherapy showed superior efficacy as first‐line treatments for ES‐SCLC compared to chemotherapy alone, with manageable adverse reactions.
Functional differences in the mu opioid receptor SNP 118A>G are dependent on receptor splice‐variant and agonist‐specific recruitment of β‐arrestin
Authors: Patrick Casey , Ettah Utibeabasi , Nguyen Vu , Hart Caitlin , Atchley Evan , Mallela Krishna , Scheinman Robert I. , Monte Andrew A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe OPRM1 gene codes for the mu opioid receptor (MOR) and polymorphisms are associated with complex patient clinical responses. The most studied single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in OPRM1 is adenine (A) substituted by guanine (G) at position 118 (118A>G, rs1799971) leading to a substitution of asparagine (Asn) for aspartic acid (Asp) at position 40 in the N terminus of the resulting protein. To date, no structural explanation for the associated clinical responses resulting from the 118A>G polymorphism has been proposed. We utilized computational modeling paired with functional cellular assays to predict unstructured N‐ and C‐terminal regions of MOR‐1. Using molecular docking and post‐docking energy minimizations with morphine, we show that the extracellular substitution of Asn at position 40 alters the cytoplasmic C‐terminal conformation, while leaving the G‐protein binding interface unaffected. A real‐time BRET assay measuring G‐protein and β‐arrestin association with MOR r generated data that tested this prediction. Consistent with this in silico prediction, we show changes in morphine‐mediated β‐arrestin association with receptor variants with little change in morphine‐mediated G‐protein association comparing MOR‐1 wild type (WT) to MOR‐1118A>G. We tested the system with different opioid agonists, the OPRM1 118A>G SNP, and different MOR splice variants (MOR‐1 and MOR‐1O). These results are consistent with the observation that patients with the 118A>G OPRM1 allele respond more readily to fentanyl than to morphine. In conclusion, the 118A>G substitution alters receptor responses to opioids through variable C‐terminal domain movements that are agonist and splice variant dependent.
Using exploratory pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses to predict the probability of flu‐like symptoms in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with the toll‐like receptor 7 agonist ruzotolimod
Authors: Jiang Qiudi , Zhang Yuchen , Duan Dan , Retout Sylvie , Upmanyu Ruchi , Glavini Katerina , Triyatni Miriam , Zhu Yonghong , Grippo Joseph F. , Jin Yuyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRuzotolimod (Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist, RG7854) is an oral, small molecule immuno‐modulator activating the TLR 7 and is being evaluated in patients with CHB. As with other TLR7 agonists, the study drug‐related adverse events of flu‐like symptoms have been reported in some participants during phase I studies with ruzotolimod. An exploratory analysis of the relationship between pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) and flu‐like symptoms was performed in participants from two phase I studies including both healthy volunteers and NUC‐suppressed CHB patients who received either single or multiple ascending doses of orally administered ruzotolimod. Linear and logistic regression were used to explore potential relationships between dose, flu‐like symptoms, PK, and PD. Generalized linear regression was performed to predict the probability of flu‐like symptoms of all intensities at different RO7011785 (the active metabolite of the double prodrug ruzotolimod) PK exposure. This analysis showed that single or multiple doses of ruzotolimod at ⩾100 mg, the immune PD (IFN‐α, neopterin, IP‐10, and the transcriptional expression of ISG15, OAS‐1, MX1, and TLR7) responses increase with the RO7011785 PK exposure, which increases linearly with the doses from 3 mg to 170 mg of ruzotolimod. The analysis also showed that the probability of flu‐like symptoms occurrence increases with PD responses (IFN‐α and IP‐10). Dose reduction of ruzotolimod can be an effective way to reduce the magnitude of PD response, thus reducing the probability of study drug‐related flu‐like symptoms occurrence at all intensity in the participants who are highly sensitive to PD activation and intolerant to flu‐like symptoms.
Very‐low‐calorie diet‐based intensive lifestyle intervention for remission of type 2 diabetes: Real‐world experience in a South Asian population
Authors: Dissanayake H. A. , Fernando D. R. , Nilaweera A. I. , Munasinghe T. D. , Kaushalya C. M. A. U. , Pulukkody M. M. , Katulanda P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsVery low‐calorie diet (VLCD) can induce weight loss and diabetes remission (DR) amongst people with obesity and recent‐onset type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to determine the effectiveness and acceptability of VLCD in achieving DR amongst Sri Lankan adults with T2D.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted in a diabetes practice where VLCD‐based Diabetes Remission Programme (VDRP) was offered for adults (>18 years) with T2D for <3 years and body mass index over 25 kg/m2. VLCD (~800 kcal/day, provided with/without diet replacement formula) was offered for 8–12 weeks, followed by gradual food reintroduction and exercise. DR was defined as HbA1c <6.5% at least 3 months after stopping glucose‐lowering medications.ResultsA total of 170 participants who enrolled in the VDRP (mean age 38.4 years [±11.1], men 68%, mean baseline HbA1c 86.9 [±18.1] mmol/mol (10.1 [±2.1]%), median duration of T2D 2 years [IQR 1–2]) and 87 (51%) of them followed the programme (attended at least one follow‐up visit). Amongst the individuals who followed the VDRP, 40.2% achieved DR (35/87), compared with 2.4% (2/83) amongst those who did not follow the VDRP (aHR 9.3, 95% CI 2.2–16.4, p = 0.002). The proportion achieving normoglycaemia (HbA1c < 6.5%) but continued to take glucose‐lowering medication was 20/87 among VDRP followers and 20/85 amongst VDRP non‐followers. The commonest reasons for not following the VDRP were too restrictive dietary quantity (92%) and difficulties in finding recommended food items (67%). Majority (79%) would recommend VDRP to others.ConclusionsVDRP is effective in achieving T2D remission amongst Sri Lankan adults with recently diagnosed T2D and obesity. Over half of the participants followed the programme and over 75% would recommend it to others, indicating good acceptability.
‘We're taught green is good’: Perspectives on time in range and time in tight range from youth with type 1 diabetes, and parents of youth with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Tanenbaum Molly L. , Pang Erica , Tam Rachel , Bishop Franziska K. , Prahalad Priya , Zaharieva Dessi P. , Addala Ananta , Wong Jessie J. , Naranjo Diana , Hood Korey K. , Maahs David M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems are standard of care for youth with type 1 diabetes with the goal of spending >70% time in range (TIR; 70–180 mg/dL, 3.9–10 mmol/L). We aimed to understand paediatric CGM user experiences with TIR metrics considering recent discussion of shifting to time in tight range (TITR; >50% time between 70 and 140 mg/dL, 3.9 and 7.8 mmol/L).MethodsSemi‐structured interviews and focus groups with adolescents with type 1 diabetes and parents of youth with type 1 diabetes focused on experiences with TIR goals and reactions to TITR. Groups and interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and analysed using content analysis.ResultsThirty participants (N = 19 parents: age 43.6 ± 5.3 years, 79% female, 47% non‐Hispanic White, 20 ± 5 months since child's diagnosis; N = 11 adolescents: age 15.3 ± 2 years, 55% female, 55% non‐Hispanic White, 16 ± 3 months since diagnosis) attended. Participants had varying levels of understanding of TIR. Some developed personally preferred glucose ranges. Parents often aimed to surpass 70% TIR. Many described feelings of stress and disappointment when they did not meet a TIR goal. Concerns about TITR included increased stress and burden; risk of hypoglycaemia; and family conflict. Some participants said TITR would not change their daily lives; others said it would improve their diabetes management. Families requested care team support and a clear scientific rationale for TITR.ConclusionsThe wealth of CGM data creates frequent opportunities for assessing diabetes management and carries implications for management burden. Input from people with type 1 diabetes and their families will be critical in considering a shift in glycaemic goals and targets.
A philosophy of science approach to the amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Daly Timothy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDisputes about the scientific validity of the amyloid‐β hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease have been held since the early 1990s, with little constructive progress made between opposing sides despite recent therapeutic progress. Here, I argue that philosophy of science can improve the chance of constructive debate by giving researchers technical language to describe and assess scientific progress. To do so, I interpret the amyloid hypothesis using a modified version of the research programme concept from philosopher of science Imre Lakatos. I first outline the amyloid‐β hypothesis and study critiques of its central place in Alzheimer's research. Then, I draw on the complexity of amyloid‐β and Alzheimer's research to discuss the limits of using concepts from popular philosophers of science Karl Popper or Thomas Kuhn, before finally arguing that an adaptation of the research programme concept can foster constructive debates about the science of Alzheimer's and within it. I will argue that the amyloid‐β hypothesis has contributed to significant progress in the Alzheimer's field based on what Lakatos called the “positive heuristic” (motivating the programme to test its predictions) and the “negative heuristic” (protecting the programme from refutation). I consider the amyloid research agenda to be progressive despite the fact that its claims about disease aetiology could be wrong.
Trajectory mapping and future charting of hydrogen energy policy: A systematic review
Authors: Meng Shuhan , Wu Xianhua , Li Hua , Wu You 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article conducts a systematic mapping and inductive analysis of existing work related to hydrogen energy policy in the Web of Science Core Collection from 1996 to 7 July 2023. First, based on bibliometrics, the research reveals the publication volume trends, influential contributors (countries, authors, organizations and journals). Second, bibliometric and content analysis were applied to vividly demonstrate the evolution of the research topic, discuss leading research topics, and provide valuable insights into issues that deserving appropriate attention in the future. The unequivocal role of policies in supporting the development of hydrogen energy is undeniable. In the future, the focal point of hydrogen energy policies should be concentrated on stimulating the creation of demand for green hydrogen, necessitating the effective evaluation of policy outcomes and ensuring the safety of hydrogen energy. Furthermore, the application scope of hydrogen energy extends beyond the transportation sector, holding potential for expansion into other high carbon‐emitting domains. With the strengthening of international collaboration in hydrogen energy, considerations of energy justice and fairness are poised to become pivotal factors in cooperation, exerting a profound influence on the attainment of long‐term development and environmental sustainability. These critical research directions will shape the future landscape of hydrogen energy policy and serve as an essential resource for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders in this domain.
Family reaction to coming out (FRCO): A Spanish adaptation and validation of perceived parental reactions scale
Authors: Nebot‐Garcia Juan E. , Ballester‐Arnal Rafael , Ruiz‐Palomino Estefanía , Fernández‐García Olga , Gil‐Llario María Dolores 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFamily reactions to coming out can affect the mental health of individuals who disclose their sexual orientation or gender identity. Therefore, it is important to have an appropriate tool to assess them. The Perceived Parental Reactions Scale (PPRS) assessed perceived parental reactions to the disclosure of gay, lesbian, or bisexual sexual orientation by their children. We adapted the PPRS so that it can be answered by any individual belonging to a sexual or gender minority, and can be answered regarding any member of the family, not just parents. A total of 2627 individuals from Spain participated in this study, with a mean age of 31.59 (SD = 11.26). Participants completed the adapted PPRS questionnaire, now named the Family Reaction to Coming Out (FRCO). The FRCO assessed family reactions when disclosing their sexual orientation or gender identity. The majority of participants identified as cisgender men (47.5%) or cisgender women (44.9%), and as gay/lesbian (51.9%). A one‐factor model emerged through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The FRCO displayed excellent internal consistency and demonstrated good levels of invariance for participants' gender (male vs female vs nonbinary gender), family member's gender (male vs female), and type of family member (parents vs other family member). Supporting convergent validity, the FRCO has shown a positive correlation with fear of family reaction to coming out. These findings support the validity and reliability of the FRCO tool in assessing the reactions of any family member within the Spanish context.
Beauty is political!
Authors: Lage Mariana Luísa da Costa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital collage produced using the free software Photopea (Online Photo Editor) with free images from the Unsplash website to represent the experience I observed from a study that sought to identify the organizing process in a Black Collective, which articulates embodied political practices. It was Coletivo Encrespa, a social movement that values the use of curly/kinky hair, based in the city of Governador Valadares, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.