bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binding of Host‐Associated Treponeme Proteins to Collagens and Laminin: A Possible Mechanism of Spirochetal Adherence to Host Tissues
Authors: Umemoto Toshihiko , Namikawa Isamu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe polypeptides of seven strains of human treponemes were investigated by immunoblot analysis for their binding to the human placental collagens and laminin. Of the treponemal polypeptides, eleven polypeptides, 45‐kDa, 49‐kDa, and 62‐kDa polypeptides from T. pallidum ATCC 27087, a 48‐kDa polypeptide from T. phagedenis biotype Reiter, 51‐kDa and 53‐kDa polypeptides from T. vincentii ATCC 35580, 30‐kDa, 53‐kDa and 63‐kDa polypeptides from T. socranskii subsp. buccale ATCC 35534, a 52‐kDa polypeptide from T. denticola ATCC 35405, and a 53‐kDa polypeptide from T. denticola ATCC 33520 possessed an ability to bind to the laminin, type I, III, IV, or V collagen. An intermediate‐sized human oral isolate strain G7201 did not possess any laminin‐ or collagen‐binding polypeptides. Immunoelectron microscopy using intact treponemal cells with a single collagen‐binding polypeptide and the corresponding antisera demonstrated that the 51‐kDa and 53‐kDa polypeptides from T. vincentii, the 53‐kDa polypeptide from T. socranskii subsp. buccale ATCC 35534 and the 52‐kDa polypeptide from T. denticola ATCC 35405, were outer envelope proteins.
Localization of Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death) in Mice by Administration of Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Zhang Xian‐min , Morikawa Akiko , Takahashi Kazuko , Jiang Guo‐zhi , Kato Yutaka , Sugiyama Tuyoshi , Kawai Makoto , Fukada Masako , Yokochi Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLocalization of apoptotic cells by administration of lipopolysaccharide into mice was studied by using the in situ specific labeling of fragmented DNA. This method clearly stained the nuclei of thymocytes at the cortex of the thymus. The nuclei of cells in the bone marrow and in the spleen were also positively stained. It was suggested that the cortex in the thymus is where the LPS‐induced programmed cell death occurs.
Detection and Typing of Human Rotavirus in Reference to Repeated Acute Gastroenteritis in Infants
Authors: Imamura Yoshihiro , Hamada Nobuyuki , Nagai Takayuki , Shingu Masahisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStool specimens from infants who visited a clinic because of acute gastroenteritis were tested for the presence of human rotavirus. Among the samples obtained were specimens taken from seven patients who had visited the clinic at two different times. In six of these seven children, human rotavirus (HRV) was detected in only one of the specimens taken (i.e. during only one of the two visits). One patient was shown to have excreted HRV twice; in both cases the HRV was serotyped to be type 1. The present results indicate that the symptomatic reinfection of HRV was not a widely occurring phenomenon in the group of infants tested.
Augmentation of Host Resistance against Bacterial Infection by Treatment with Leustroducsin B, a New CSF Inducer
Authors: Kohama Takafumi , Katayama Toshiaki , Inukai Masatoshi , Maeda Hiroaki , Shiraishi Akio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe tested the in vivo activity of leustroducsin B (LSN B), a new colony‐stimulating factor (CSF) inducer isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces platensis, with mice infected with Escherichia coli. Treatment with LSN B augmented the host resistance to lethal infection of E. coli at doses between 0.1 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg. Serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels were found to increase after this treatment, and superoxide anion generation of neutrophils was enhanced in vivo, suggesting that LSN B augmented the host resistance at least in part by inducing IL‐6, which subsequently enhanced the bactericidal activity of the neutrophils.
Enterotoxigenicity, Hemolytic Activity and Antibiotic Resistance of Aeromonas Spp. Isolated from Freshwater Prawn Marketed in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahim Zeaur , Aziz Khwaja Muhammed Sultanul 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAeromonas spp. were isolated from gills, swimmerets, eggs, stomachs and ventral muscles of freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium malcolmsonii) available in the local fish market of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The density of Aeromonas spp. on these different body parts of the prawn samples ranged from 1.1±0.2 × 104 to 1.5 ± 0.16 × 107 cfu per gram. The viable counts of aeromonads, fecal coliforms (FC) and Escherichia coli gradually increased in prawn samples when stored at 4 C. At −20 C, the viable counts gradually decreased and became zero on the 12th day of storage. The isolation of A. sobria (56%) was more frequent than that of A. hydrophila (31%) and A. caviae (13%). In the rabbit ileal loop (RIL) model, fluid accumulation induced by live cultures and cell‐free culture filtrates of 11 strains ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 and 0.5 to 1.7 ml/cm of gut, respectively. Of 11 enterotoxigenic strains, 7 were A. sobria and 4 were A. hydrophila. Enterotoxigenicity correlated with hemolytic activity on blood agar. All enterotoxigenic strains were uniformly sensitive to chloramphenicol and gentamicin and resistant to novobiocin and vancomycin. Isolation of enterotoxigenic and antibiotic‐resistant Aeromonas from these prawn samples indicates possible public health problems for their handlers as well for raw prawn consumers.
In Vivo‐Like Antigenic Surface Properties of Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis Induced upon Growth in Milk Whey
Authors: Mamo Wubshet , Fröman Gunnar 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAntigenic surface properties of Staphylococcus aureus strains grown in milk whey were compared with TSB‐grown bacteria using immuno‐gold electron microscopy. It is shown that colloidal gold (CG) particles coated with polyclonal antibody raised against Staphylococcus aureus surface antigen expressed in vivo bound to the surface of S. aureus strain F1440 grown in milk whey, but not to homologous bacteria grown in TSB. S. aureus strains grown in milk whey agglutinated in the presence of the polyclonal antibody, whereas the corresponding bacteria grown in TSB did not agglutinate. Immuno‐gold particles did not bind to milk whey‐grown bacteria treated with periodate. Periodate‐treated milk whey‐grown bacteria did not agglutinate in the presence of the polyclonal antibody, whereas periodate treatment had no effect on TSB‐grown bacteria.
A Novel Assay System for Anti‐Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV‐1) Activity Using a Subclone of a Monocytic Cell Line, U937
Authors: Miyano‐Kurosaki Naoko , Nakashima Hideki , Ichiyama Koji , Inazawa Kazuhiko , Tabata Hidenori , Tanabe Hideyuki , Ohnishi Kiyotaka , Mizusawa Hiroshi , Ohshiro Yukako , Yamamoto Naoki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA subclonal cl.1–14 cell was established from a monocytic cell line U937 by a limiting dilution method. The anti‐HIV‐1 activity of some antiviral compounds was evaluated in HIV‐1‐infected cl.1–14 cells. The results demonstrated that although AZT was a potent inhibitor of HIV‐1 replication in cl.1–14 cells, its 50% effective concentration (EC50) values was 80 times higher than that in HIV‐1 infected MT‐4 cells; the EC50 of AZT was 0.16 μM and 0.002 μM in cl.1–14 and MT‐4 cells, respectively. In contrast, the anti‐HIV‐1 activity of ddA, ddI and ddC in cl.1–14 cells was comparable to that in MT‐4 cells. The antiviral activity of nevirapine, dextran sulfate, curdlan sulfate and T22 did not differ significantly between the cl. 1–14 and MT‐4 cells. The antiviral activity of several compounds in the HIV‐1‐infected cl.1–14 cells was similar to that in the HIV‐1jr‐fl‐infected human peripheral macrophages. Our results suggest that cl.1–14 cell cultures are very useful for estimating antiviral activity and more advantageous than the use of peripheral blood macrophages.
Lipofection of Synthetic Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Having a Palindromic Sequence of AACGTT to Murine Splenocytes Enhances Interferon Production and Natural Killer Activity
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiko , Yamamoto Saburo , Kataoka Tetsuro , Tokunaga Tohru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA synthetic 22‐mer oligodeoxyribonucleotide having an AACGTT palindrome, AAC‐22, induced interferon (IFN) production and augmented the natural killer (NK) activity in murine splenocytes, whereas its analogue, ACC‐22, having an ACCGGT palindrome, did not. The binding of AAC‐22 to splenocytes was not different from that of ACC‐22. Lipofection of AAC‐22 to splenocytes remarkably enhanced IFN production and NK cell activity, whereas that of ACC‐22 caused little enhancement. These results strongly suggest that the prerequisite for IFN production is not the binding of AAC‐22 to the cell surface receptors, but its penetration into the spleen cells.
Alteration of Immune Responses of Rabbits Infected with Bovine Immunodeficiency‐Like Virus
Authors: Hirai Nobuaki , Xuan Shiwei , Ochiai Kenji , Onuma Misao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNine 3‐month‐old rabbits were inoculated with bovine immunodeficiency‐like virus (BIV) to study the pathogenesis of BIV and alteration of the immune responses in experimentally infected rabbits. BIV proviral DNA and anti‐BIV antibodies were detected from all rabbits inoculated with BIV‐infected bovine embryo spleen (BESP) cells. Rabbits inoculated with spleen cells of the BIV‐infected rabbit also converted to proviral DNA‐positive and BIV‐antibody‐positive. The blastogenic responses to concanavalin A of peripheral blood mononuclear cells prepared from BIV‐infected rabbits were not significantly different from those from uninfected controls at 2 and 4 months post‐inoculation (PI). The humoral immune responses against bovine serum albumin (BSA) were depressed in two of four BIV‐infected rabbits at 1 to 3 months PI. The antibody responses against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were significantly depressed in all BIV‐infected rabbits at 2 to 4 months PI. BIV was rescued by cocultivation of spleen cells of infected rabbits with BESP cells. Distinct development of lymphoid follicle was observed in lymph nodes and spleens of uninfected rabbits which received BSA and SRBCs. In contrast, moderate lymphoid cell depletion was observed in BIV‐infected rabbits which received the same immunogens.
Mechanism for Macrophage Activation against Corynebacterium parvum—Participation of T Cells and Its Lymphokines
Authors: Mori Hiroshi , Mihara Masahiko , Uesugi Yuki , Nagai Hiroichi , Koda Akihide 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIt is well known that Corynebacterium parvum activates macrophages to produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF). It is suspected that the activation of macrophages by C. parvum requires T‐cell participation. The purpose of this study was to confirm that T cells participate in the activation of macrophages by C. parvum. TNF production in vitro from the spleen cells of BALB/c‐ + / + mice was abrogated completely by the pre‐treatment of spleen cells with anti‐Ia antiserum and complement, indicating that Ia+ cells are the source of TNF. TNF production was not elicited at all in BALB/c‐nu/nu mice. However, there was an increase in the number of Ia+ cells as well as an increase in the weight of spleen and liver. Supernatant from a culture of spleen cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin‐P (a PHA‐induced lymphokine) made it possible for BALB/c‐nu/nu mice to produce TNF, associated with an induction of Lyt‐1+ cells and Lyt‐2+ cells. However, treatment with the lymphokine did not augment the increases of Ia+ cells or liver and spleen weights. These results suggest that increasing the number of Ia+ cells is not sufficient to bring about TNF production; Ia+ cells must also be stimulated by T cells or T‐cell lymphokines in order to produce TNF. These results suggest that T cells play an essential role in the activation of Ia+ cells against C. parvum.
Epitope Analysis Using Anti‐Oligosaccharide (G4) Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Hirata Akio , Komoda Makiko , Itoh Wataru , Tabata Kengo , Sugawara Isamu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA murine monoclonal antibody recognizing (1→6)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl laminaritriose (G4) was prepared by immunizing BALB/c mice with G4‐bovine serum albumin conjugate and fusing the splenocytes with mouse myeloma cells. The monoclonal antibody (IgM) provoked by the cloned cells showed low reactivity with schizophyllan, an antitumor polysaccharide, but notable reactivity with some low‐molecular‐weight schizophyllans. This antibody was useful for determination of the epitope of several polysaccharides. The extent of reactivity of this monoclonal antibody was related only to the molecular weight of schizophyllan.
A Gene Encoding a Cytochrome c Oxidase‐Like Protein Is Located Closely to the Cytochrome c‐553 Gene in the Anaerobic Bacterium, Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Miyazaki F)
Authors: Kitamura Masaya , Mizugai Kazuya , Taniguchi Masahiro , Akutsu Hideo , Kumagai Izumi , Nakaya Tadao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe gene encoding cytochrome c‐553 from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Miyazaki F) was cloned using a synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe. The nucleotide sequence indicated that cytochrome c‐553 was synthesized as a precursor protein with an NH2‐terminal signal sequence of 23 residues. In the cloned DNA fragment, there are three other open reading frames whose products have 191, 157, 541 amino acid residues, respectively. The putative ORF‐4 product is highly homologous with the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from various organisms.
Increased Expression of Adhesion Molecules (CD54, CD29 and CD44) on Fibroblasts Infected with Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Ito Masahiro , Watanabe Masahiro , Ihara Toshiaki , Kamiya Hitoshi , Sakurai Minoru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe expression of ICAM‐1 (CD54), β1 integrin (CD29), and CD44 on cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐infected human embryonic fibroblasts (HEF) was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of these adhesion molecules increased significantly on CMV‐infected HEF, on days 2 and 5 after inoculation, compared to uninfected HEF. However, the expression of these adhesion molecules decreased on herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐1 and varicella‐zoster virus (VZV)‐infected HEF. Increased expression was not observed on HEF treated either with inactivated CMV or with supernatant fluid of CMV‐infected cells. The addition of anti‐cytokine (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, or IFN‐γ) antibodies had no effect on the increase of these adhesion molecules. This suggests that the increase in CD54, CD29, and CD44 on CMV‐infected cells requires active virus replication and was not mediated by a soluble factor released from CMV‐infected cells. Changes in adhesion molecules on CMV‐infected fibroblasts may contribute to inflammation induced by CMV infection.
Characterization of a Cloned pR72H Probe for Vibrio parahaemolyticus Detection and Development of a Nonisotopic Colony Hybridization Assay
Authors: Lee Chia‐yin , Chen Chien‐hsien , Chou Yi‐wen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium often found in shellfish and is an important causative agent of food poisoning in Taiwan. A rapid and efficient detection method is required to identify this foodborne pathogen. A 0.76‐Kb HindIII DNA fragment was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of V. parahaemolyticus strain no. 93, designated as pR72H fragment, was used as a polynucleotide probe. It was labeled with digoxigenin‐11‐dUTP (DIG) by the random primer‐labeling method. The sensitivity and specificity of the digoxigenin‐labeled 0.76‐Kb DNA probe was determined by colony hybridization assay. Under stringent hybridization conditions, 122 of 124 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus showed positive hybridization reaction with DIG‐0.76‐Kb DNA probe; the negative strains were attributed to slow growth. The DIG‐0.76‐Kb probe did not hybridize with 86 isolates of other vibrios and a number of other enterics as well as nonenteric microorganisms. The sensitivity and specificity of this DIG probe are 98% and 100%, respectively. This nonisotopic colony hybridization assay can be very useful for routine monitoring of V. parahaemolyticus in the food industry, environmental analysis and clinical laboratories.
Lethal and Dermonecrotic Activities of Clostridium perfringens Iota Toxin: Biological Activities Induced by Cooperation of Two Nonlinked Components
Authors: Sakurai Jun , Kobayashi Keiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of separate injections of two components of Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, designated Ia and Ib components, on the biological activities of the toxin was investigated. The intravenous injection of one component within 120 min after the injection of the other component killed mice. The activity of iota toxin was abolished by anti‐Ia or anti‐Ib antiserum. On the other hand, when Ib component was intravenously administered to mice given anti‐Ia antiserum within 120 min after the intravenous injection of Ia component, the lethal activity was completely neutralized, but when Ia component was injected into mice that were given anti‐Ib antiserum over 5 min after the injection of Ib component, the activity was not neutralized. The separate injections of Ia and Ib components in skin of guinea pigs indicated dermonecrosis at the injection site of Ib components, but not at the site of Ia components. Furthermore, when one component was intradermally injected in guinea pigs and then the other intraperitoneally, the dermonecrotic activity of the toxin was observed at the intradermal injection site of Ib component, but not at that of Ia component. From the data, it appears that the lethal and dermonecrotic activities of iota toxin are initiated by the binding of Ib component to specific sites on tissues.
Isolation of Influenza A and B Viruses in HeLa Cells
Authors: Yamanaka Takaya , Shirasawa Hiroshi , Yoshizawa Shigekatsu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe HeLa cell line which is one of the most popular cell lines was shown to be suitable for isolation of types A (H3N2) and B influenza viruses from throat washings of patients. Sixty‐nine and 67 out of 147 throat washings taken from patients during the period from January to April, 1994, were positive for influenza A virus in HeLa cells and MDCK cells, respectively. Seven out of 10 throat washings taken between January and March, 1993, were positive for influenza B virus in MDCK. Of these 7, 4 were also positive for HeLa cells.
Prevalence of Antibodies to Borrelia Spirochetes among Wild Small Rodents in Central and Western Japan
Authors: Ishiguro Fubito , Takada Nobuhiro , Yano Yasuhiro , Harada Masashi , Masuzawa Toshiyuki , Iida Hidetada 
Published: November 2013

AbstractField rodents serve as a reservoir for Lyme disease spirochetes. To evaluate the antibody responses of rodents against different Borrelia species in relation to fauna of vector ticks feeding on them, we examined 272 sera of wild rodents, Apodemus speciosus, A. argenteus, and Eothenomys smithii, obtained in 27 locations in central and western Japan from 1981 to 1994. As to prevalences by rodent species using immunoperoxidase test, A. speciosus, A. argenteus and E. smithii showed 29.4%, 11.6% and 30.8% reactivity to Borrelia japonica, 10.7%, 7.2% and 3.8% to B. afzelii, 0.6%, 1.4% and 0% to B. garinii, and 14.7%, 7.2% and 11.5% to an unknown Borrelia species designated as It type, respectively. Each antibody to B. japonica, B. afzelii and B. sp. It type was detected widely both in central and western Japan, but the antibody to B. garinii was scarcely detectable in any area and rodent species examined. Apodemus mice in high mountain altitudes tend to have antibody to B. afzelii or B. japonica, and those in lower altitudes tend to have B. japonica or B. sp. It type. All 13 Apodemus mice from which B. japonica or B. sp. It type were isolated showed higher titers of antibodies to each homologous Borrelia species. The present results indicate that these antibody prevalences among rodents may be associated with dominant Ixodes ovatus and sporadic I. persulcatus on the mainland of Japan, and that Apodemus mice may not be an efficient reservoir for B. garinii. Such a serosurvey is a useful measure to evaluate the natural distribution of the pathogen.
Salt‐Induced L‐Forms of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yabu Kunihiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhen growing cultures of a salt‐sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus were inoculated on nutrient agar containing 0.8 m NaCl and 0.5% bovine serum albumin, typical colonies of L‐form developed extensively after 2 days of incubation at 30 C. Incubation of growing cultures with lipoteichoic acid, sodium polyanethole sulfonate and subtilisin resulted in inhibition of L‐form induction.
Characterization of Pseudomonas paucimobilis FP2001 Which Forms Flagella Depending upon the Presence of Rhamnose in Liquid Medium
Authors: Miake Fumio , Murata Kunihiko , Kuroiwa Ataru , Kumamoto Toshihiko , Kuroda Shinji , Terasawa Tadashi , Tone Hiroshi , Watanabe Kenji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA bacterial strain FP2001 isolated from the exudate of land reclaimed for municipal waste was identified as Pseudomonas paucimobilis. Cells of strain FP2001 were mobile by means of polar monotrichous flagellum, only when rhamnose was added as a carbon source in the liquid medium. The replacement of rhamnose by arabinose, galactose, glucose or xylose did not lead to the formation of flagella.
Overproduction, Purification, and Diagnostic Use of the Recombinant HIV‐1 Gag Proteins, the Precursor Protein p55 and the Processed Products p17, p24, and p15
Authors: Saito Atsushi , Morimoto Motoko , Ohara Takeshi , Takamizawa Akihisa , Nakata Atsuo , Shinagawa Hideo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHIV‐1 Gag protein precursor p55, and its processed products, p17, p24, and p15 were overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. To study the antigenic properties and the potentiality as the diagnostic and prognostic reagents, varying amounts of the purified Gag proteins were dotted onto the polyvinylidene difluoride membrane and reacted with 40 sera of HIV‐1‐infected individuals (35 AC, 1 ARC, and 4 AIDS patients) and 10 sera of normal healthy donors. p55 reacted with 40 (100%) sera of HIV‐1 carriers, while p17, p24, and p15 reacted with 37 (92.5%), 35 (87.5%) and 34 (85%) of the 40 sera of HIV‐1 carriers, respectively. On the whole, the reaction of p55 was especially strong and that of p15 was the weakest. p55 showed the strongest reaction among the four Gag proteins with all specimens, and it showed a positive reaction with a carrier serum with which none of the processed Gag proteins showed a positive reaction. Therefore, p55 is the most useful antigen among the four Gag proteins for detection of the Gag antibodies and may even be one of the most useful antigens for the diagnosis of HIV‐1 infection.
Interference between Neisseria meningitidis and PC‐KLH Induced Anti‐Phosphorylcholine PFC Responses in NZB/W Autoimmune Mice
Authors: Seoane Rafael , Eiras Adolfo , Quireza Otilia , Cancio Esperanza , Aguilera Antonio , Puentes Eugenia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate that the simultaneous injection of PC‐KLH and Neisseria meningitidis‐derived antigens [NMB or PC‐(NMB)HI] induced in old NZB/W mice defective responses as does PC‐KLH challenge. On the other hand, the simultaneous injection of both immunogenic preparations of N. meningitidis evoked responses similar to those shown by old mice challenged with NMB alone. Alteration in PC‐specific PFC responses also affected hapten‐free inhibition profiles and their heterogeneities. The increase in PC50s of anti‐phosphorylcholine PFC responses and their heterogeneities induced by certain antigens with aging is correlated with a decrease in T15 idiotype expression, suggesting that after the T15 dominant clone disappears no other clone takes control of the anti‐PC response. These results suggest that the mechanism(s) involved in the regulation of T15 marker expression play an important role in the inability of old NZB/W mice to mount good anti‐PC responses and suggest that regulatory mechanisms induced by PC‐KLH dominate those elicited by NMB.