bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN OVERVIEW OF NURSES’ MANAGEMENT OF SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM: HOW IS EUROPE DOING?
Authors: de Barbieri Ilaria , Baumann Jacqueline , Casal Maria Cruz , Gurevich Andrey , Pancirova Jitka , Poulia Kalliopi‐Anna , Riemann Aase 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYBackgroundNurses have an important role to play in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). An online survey conducted by the European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association (EDTNA/ERCA) in conjunction with Amgen (Europe) GmbH surveyed nephrology nurses’ knowledge of secondary hyperparathyroidism, treatment targets, current treatments, patient adherence and nephrology nurse training education needs. The survey's aim was to establish common practices being used by nurses in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism and to identify nephrology nurses’ training and educational needs in order to improve patient care.MethodsDesign: Descriptive study. Measurements: An online survey of multiple choice and closed questions. Participants: A sample of nephrology nurses from Spain, Italy, France and the Netherlands.ResultsA total of 111 nurses completed the questionnaire (98% response rate, 82% of which were fully completed). Collected data revealed that there were specific aspects of SHPT patient management where nurses lacked confidence, despite the majority of respondents having 15 years nephrology nursing experience. These aspects included explaining the disorder and therapies to patients, managing side effects of drugs and appreciating the significance of controlling biochemical targets. Over 40% of the respondents felt they did not have sufficient training to support patients who were non‐compliant.ConclusionNursing skills are integral to SHPT patient management as part of the multidisciplinary approach. The nurse's role is particularly important in patient assessment and monitoring, and in the provision of patient education and support, particularly with treatment adherence. Nephrology nurses who are better informed about SHPT and who receive training on practical patient care may improve the care of patients.
Effect of Screening Abdominal Ultrasound Examination on the Decision to Pursue Advanced Diagnostic Tests and Treatment in Dogs with Neurologic Disease
Authors: Tong N.M. , Zwingenberger A.L. , Blair W.H. , Taylor S.L. , Chen R.X. , Sturges B.K. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundAbdominal ultrasound examinations (AUS) are commonly performed before advanced neurodiagnostics to screen for diseases that might affect diagnostic plans and prognosis.ObjectivesDescribe the type and frequency of abnormalities found by AUS in dogs presenting with a neurological condition, identify risk factors associated with abnormalities, and evaluate treatment decisions based on findings.AnimalsSeven hundred and fifty‐nine hospitalized dogs.MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records of dogs presented from 2007 to 2009 for neurologic disease were searched for signalment, neuroanatomic localization, and AUS findings. Whether dogs had advanced neurodiagnostics and treatment was analyzed.ResultsFifty‐eight percent of dogs had abnormal findings on AUS. Probability of abnormalities increased with age (P < 0.001). Nondachshund breeds had higher probability of abnormal AUS than dachshunds (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87). Eleven percent of dogs did not have advanced neurodiagnostics and in 1.3%, this was because of abnormal AUS. Dogs with ultrasonographic abnormalities were less likely than dogs without to have advanced neurodiagnostics (OR = 0.3 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17, 0.52]), however, the probability of performing advanced diagnostics was high regardless of normal (OR = 0.95 [95% CI: 0.92, 0.97]) or abnormal (OR = 0.85 [95% CI: 0.81, 0.88]) AUS. Treatment was more often pursued in small dogs and less often in dogs with brain disease.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFindings from screening AUS had a small negative effect on the likelihood of pursuing advanced neurodiagnostics. Although it should be included in the extracranial diagnostic workup in dogs with significant history or physical examination abnormalities, AUS is considered a low‐yield diagnostic test in young dogs and dachshunds.
Cooperative action of the paralogous maize lateral organ boundaries (LOB) domain proteins RTCS and RTCL in shoot‐borne root formation
Authors: Xu Changzheng , Tai Huanhuan , Saleem Muhammad , Ludwig Yvonne , Majer Christine , Berendzen Kenneth W. , Nagel Kerstin A. , Wojciechowski Tobias , Meeley Robert B. , Taramino Graziana , Hochholdinger Frank 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe paralogous maize (Zea mays)LBD(Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain) genesrtcs(rootless concerning crown and seminal roots) andrtcl(rtcs‐like) emerged from an ancient whole‐genome duplication.RTCSis a key regulator of crown root initiation.The diversity of expression, molecular interaction and phenotype ofrtcsandrtclwere investigated.Thertcsandrtclgenes display highly correlated spatio‐temporal expression patterns in roots, despite the significantly higher expression ofrtcs. BothRTCSandRTCLproteins bind toLBDdownstream promoters and act as transcription factors. In line with its auxin inducibility and binding to auxin response elements ofrtcsandrtclpromoters,ARF34 (AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR34) acts as transcriptional activator. Yeast two‐hybrid screening combined with bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments revealed conserved and unique interaction partners ofRTCSandRTCL. Thertclmutation leads to defective shoot‐borne root elongation early in development. Cooperative action ofRTCSandRTCLduring shoot‐borne root formation was demonstrated byrtcs‐dependent repression ofrtcltranscription in coleoptilar nodes.AlthoughRTCSis instrumental in shoot‐borne root initiation,RTCLcontrols shoot‐borne root elongation early in development. Their conserved role in auxin signaling, but diverse function in shoot‐borne root formation, is underscored by their conserved and unique interaction partners.
Cell wall and cell growth characteristics of giant‐celled algae
Authors: Mine Ichiro , Sekida Satoko , Okuda Kazuo 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBecause of their large sizes and simple shapes, giant‐celled algae have been used to study how the structural and mechanical properties of cell walls influence cell growth. Here we review known relationships between cell wall and cell growth properties that are characteristic of three representative taxa of giant‐celled algae, namely, Valonia ventricosa, internodal cells of characean algae, and Vaucheria frigida. Tip‐growing cells of the genus Vaucheria differ from cells undergoing diffuse growth in V. ventricosa and characean algae in terms of their basic architectures (non‐lamellate vs. multilamellate) and their dependence upon pH and Ca2+ for cell wall extensibility. To further understand the mechanisms controlling cell growth by cell walls, comparative analyses of cell wall structures and/or associated growth modes will be useful. The giant‐celled algae potentially serve as good models for such investigations because of their wide variety of developmental processes and cell shapes exhibited.
An introduced population of Chorda asiatica (Chordaceae, Laminariales) in Puget Sound, Pacific coast of North America
Authors: Kawai Hiroshi , Hanyuda Takeaki , Mumford Thomas , Waaland J. Robert 
Published: April 2015

SummaryNortheastern Pacific Ocean and northwestern Atlantic Ocean populations of Chorda species, which have not been examined in previous phylogenetic studies, were investigated. All specimens that were collected in Hood Canal, Puget Sound, WA, USA, Pacific coast of North America, showed identical ITS‐5.8S rDNA sequences, and they were included in the clade of Japanese Chorda asiatica. With morphological data added to the molecular data, they were identified as C. asiatica and were concluded to be non‐indigenous populations, most likely introduced with oyster spat together with Sargassum muticum. Specimens collected in New York, NY, USA, Atlantic coast of North America, were genetically closest to C. filum from Newfoundland and were identified as C. filum. The genetic divergence of the North Atlantic populations of C. filum was relatively small compared to that of Japanese C. asiatica considering their broader distributional ranges on both sides of the Atlantic.
Burial and Belonging
Authors: Balkan Osman 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article explores the role that funerary practices and burial decisions play in the construction of national and political identities amongstMuslim immigrants inGermany. Drawing on ethnographic research and interviews with Islamic undertakers, migrant families, and religious leaders inBerlin it argues that the act of burial serves as a powerful means to assert belonging in migratory settings. While local burial laws impact the feasibility ofIslamic funerary rites, this article suggests that family ties, ideas about the soil, and feelings of social exclusion play a larger role in shaping burial outcomes than the laws of the dead. By conferring a sense of fixity or permanence to identities that are more fluid or ambivalent in life, determining where a dead body belongs helps demarcate social and communal boundaries.
The Non‐Redundant Contributions of Marr's Three Levels of Analysis for Explaining Information‐Processing Mechanisms
Authors: Bechtel William , Shagrir Oron 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAre all three of Marr's levels needed? Should they be kept distinct? We argue for the distinct contributions and methodologies of each level of analysis. It is important to maintain them because they provide three different perspectives required to understand mechanisms, especially information‐processing mechanisms. The computational perspective provides an understanding of how a mechanism functions in broader environments that determines the computations it needs to perform (and may fail to perform). The representation and algorithmic perspective offers an understanding of how information about the environment is encoded within the mechanism and what are the patterns of organization that enable the parts of the mechanism to produce the phenomenon. The implementation perspective yields an understanding of the neural details of the mechanism and how they constrain function and algorithms. Once we adequately characterize the distinct role of each level of analysis, it is fairly straightforward to see how they relate.
Pronounced differences in signal processing and synaptic plasticity between piriform‐hippocampal network stages: a prominent role for adenosine
Authors: Trieu Brian H. , Kramár Enikö A. , Cox Conor D. , Jia Yousheng , Wang Weisheng , Gall Christine M. , Lynch Gary 
Published: April 2015

Key points
Extended trains of theta rhythm afferent activity lead to a biphasic response facilitation in field CA1 but not in the lateral perforant path input to the dentate gyrus.
Processes that reverse long‐term potentiation in field CA1 are not operative in the lateral perforant path: multiple lines of evidence indicate that this reflects differences in adenosine signalling.
Adenosine A1 receptors modulate baseline synaptic transmission in the lateral olfactory tract but not the associational afferents of the piriform cortex.
Levels of ecto‐5’‐nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme that converts extracellular ATP into adenosine, are markedly different between regions and correlate with adenosine signalling and the efficacy of theta pulse stimulation in reversing long‐term potentiation.
Variations in transmitter mobilization, CD73 levels, and afferent divergence result in multivariate differences in signal processing through nodes in the cortico‐hippocampal network.
AbstractThe present study evaluated learning‐related synaptic operations across the serial stages of the olfactory cortex‐hippocampus network. Theta frequency stimulation produced very different time‐varying responses in the Schaffer‐commissural projections than in the lateral perforant path (LPP), an effect associated with distinctions in transmitter mobilization. Long‐term potentiation (LTP) had a higher threshold in LPP field potential studies but not in voltage clamped neurons; coupled with input/output relationships, these results suggest that LTP threshold differences reflect the degree of input divergence. Theta pulse stimulation erased LTP in CA1 but not in the dentate gyrus (DG), although adenosine eliminated potentiation in both areas, suggesting that theta increases extracellular adenosine to a greater degree in CA1. Moreover, adenosine A1 receptor antagonism had larger effects on theta responses in CA1 than in the DG, and concentrations of ecto‐5’‐nucleotidase (CD73) were much higher in CA1. Input/output curves for two connections in the piriform cortex were similar to those for the LPP, whereas adenosine modulation again correlated with levels of CD73. In sum, multiple relays in a network extending from the piriform cortex through the hippocampus can be differentiated along three dimensions (input divergence, transmitter mobilization, adenosine modulation) that potently influence throughput and plasticity. A model that incorporates the regional differences, supplemented with data for three additional links, suggests that network output goes through three transitions during the processing of theta input. It is proposed that individuated relays allow the circuit to deal with different types of behavioural problems.
Kanamycin Resistance Cassette for Genetic Manipulation of Treponema denticola
Authors: Li Yuebin , Ruby John , Wu Hui 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Treponema denticola
has been recognized as an important oral pathogen of the “red complex” bacterial consortium that is associated with the pathogenesis of endodontal and periodontal diseases. However, little is known about the virulence of
T. denticola
due to its recalcitrant genetic system. The difficulty in genetically manipulating oral spirochetes is partially due to the lack of antibiotic resistance cassettes that are useful for gene complementation following allelic replacement mutagenesis. In this study, a kanamycin resistance cassette was identified and developed for the genetic manipulation of
T. denticola
ATCC 35405. Compared to the widely used
ermF-ermAM
cassette, the kanamycin cassette used in the transformation experiments gave rise to additional antibiotic-resistant
T. denticola
colonies. The kanamycin cassette is effective for allelic replacement mutagenesis as demonstrated by inactivation of two open reading frames of
T. denticola
, TDE1430 and TDE0911. In addition, the cassette is also functional in
trans
-chromosomal complementation. This was determined by functional rescue of a periplasmic flagellum (PF)-deficient mutant that had the
flgE
gene coding for PF hook protein inactivated. The integration of the full-length
flgE
gene into the genome of the
flgE
mutant rescued all of the defects associated with the
flgE
mutant that included the lack of PF filament and spirochetal motility. Taken together, we demonstrate that the kanamycin resistance gene is a suitable cassette for the genetic manipulation of
T. denticola
that will facilitate the characterization of virulence factors attributed to this important oral pathogen.
Bisphosphonate and risk of cancer recurrence: protocol for a systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Du Chen , Zhang Yuxue , Zhao Shu , Zhao Lina , Li Pengfei , Hu Fulan , Zhu Lin , Liu Yanlong , Pang Da , Zhao Yashuang 
Published: April 2015

IntroductionNo consensus exists on the associations between adjuvant treatment with bisphosphonates and cancer recurrence risk among patients with primary early-stage cancers. We plan to perform a comprehensive systematic review, study-level meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials to comprehensively summarise evidence of the bisphosphonate treatment for difference cancers.Methods and analysesWe will report our results according to the PRISMA guideline. The primary outcomes include any cancer recurrence and bone metastasis and secondary outcomes include events of local recurrence, regional recurrence or non-skeletal distant metastasis, disease-free survival and overall survival. We will perform systematic electronic searches and other manual searches. To be conservative, all statistical analyses will be conducted with random-effects models. Cumulative meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses will be performed to assess whether and when firm evidence is reached. Various sensitivity analyses and rigid publication bias analyses will be performed to challenge the consistency and robustness of results. We will also grade the quality of evidence with the GRADE system.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required in this study. The findings will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and also presented at relevant national and international conferences.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42014014699.
Barriers to primary care clinician adherence to clinical guidelines for the management of low back pain: protocol of a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Slade Susan C , Kent Peter , Bucknall Tracey , Molloy Elizabeth , Patel Shilpa , Buchbinder Rachelle 
Published: April 2015

IntroductionLow back pain is the highest ranked condition contributing to years lived with disability, and is a significant economic and societal burden. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines are designed to improve quality of care and reduce practice variation by providing graded recommendations based on the best available evidence. Studies of low back pain guideline implementation have shown no or modest effects at changing clinical practice.ObjectivesTo identify enablers and barriers to adherence to clinical practice guidelines for the management of low back pain.Methods and analysisA systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies that will be conducted and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement guidelines. Eight databases will be searched using a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers will conduct a structured review and meta-synthesis, and a third reviewer will arbitrate where there is disagreement. This protocol has been registered on PROSPERO 2014.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. The systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The review will also be disseminated electronically, in print and at conferences. Updates of the review will be conducted to inform and guide healthcare translation into practice.Trial registration numberPROSPERO 2014:CRD42014012961. Available fromhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42014012961
Multicenter Evaluation of Dynamic Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Myocardial Perfusion Imaging for the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease Defined by Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Manka Robert , Wissmann Lukas , Gebker Rolf , Jogiya Roy , Motwani Manish , Frick Michael , Reinartz Sebastian , Schnackenburg Bernhard , Niemann Markus , Gotschy Alexander , Kuhl Christiane , Nagel Eike , Fleck Eckart , Marx Nikolaus , Luescher Thomas F. , Plein Sven , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: April 2015

Background—
First-pass myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging yields high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, standard 2D multislice CMR perfusion techniques provide only limited cardiac coverage, and hence considerable assumptions are required to assess myocardial ischemic burden. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the diagnostic performance of 3D myocardial perfusion CMR to detect functionally relevant CAD with fractional flow reserve (FFR) as a reference standard in a multicenter setting.

Methods and Results—
A total of 155 patients with suspected CAD listed for coronary angiography with FFR were prospectively enrolled from 5 European centers. 3D perfusion CMR was acquired on 3T MR systems from a single vendor under adenosine stress and at rest. All CMR perfusion analyses were performed in a central laboratory and blinded to all clinical data. One hundred fifty patients were successfully examined (mean age 62.9±10 years, 45 female). The prevalence of CAD defined by FFR (<0.8) was 56.7% (85 of 150 patients). The sensitivity and specificity of 3D perfusion CMR were 84.7% and 90.8% relative to the FFR reference. Comparison to quantitative coronary angiography (≥50%) yielded a prevalence of 65.3%, sensitivity and specificity of 76.5% and 94.2%, respectively.

Conclusions—
In this multicenter study, 3D myocardial perfusion CMR proved highly diagnostic for the detection of significant CAD as defined by FFR.
Mechanical Thrombectomy in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Siddiqui Fazeel M. , Dandapat Sudeepta , Banerjee Chirantan , Zuurbier Susanna M. , Johnson Mark , Stam Jan , Coutinho Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
Cerebral venous thrombosis is generally treated with anticoagulation. However, some patients do not respond to medical therapy and these might benefit from mechanical thrombectomy. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis, by performing a systematic review of the literature.

Methods—
We identified studies published between January 1995 and February 2014 from PubMed and Ovid. We included all cases of cerebral venous thrombosis in whom mechanical thrombectomy was performed with or without intrasinus thrombolysis. Good outcome was defined as normal or mild neurological deficits at discharge (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2). Secondary outcome variables included periprocedural complications and recanalization rates.

Results—
Our study included 42 studies (185 patients). Sixty percent of patient had a pretreatment intracerebral hemorrhage and 47% were stuporous or comatose. AngioJet was the most commonly used device (40%). Intrasinus thrombolysis was used in 131 patients (71%). Overall, 156 (84%) patients had a good outcome and 22 (12%) died. Nine (5%) patients had no recanalization, 38 (21%) had partial, and 137 (74%) had near to complete recanalization. The major periprocedural complication was new or increased intracerebral hemorrhage (10%). The use of AngioJet was associated with lower rate of complete recanalization (odds ratio, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.4) and lower chance of good outcome (odds ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–1.0).

Conclusions—
Our systematic review suggests that mechanical thrombectomy is reasonably safe but controlled studies are required to provide a definitive answer on its efficacy and safety in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis.