bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Previous Violent Events and Mental Health Outcomes in Guatemala
Authors: Puac-Polanco Victor D. , Lopez-Soto Victor A. , Kohn Robert , Xie Dawei , Richmond Therese S. , Branas Charles C. 
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We analyzed a probability sample of Guatemalans to determine if a relationship exists between previous violent events and development of mental health outcomes in various sociodemographic groups, as well as during and after the Guatemalan Civil War. Methods. We used regression modeling, an interaction test, and complex survey design adjustments to estimate prevalences and test potential relationships between previous violent events and mental health. Results. Many (20.6%) participants experienced at least 1 previous serious violent event. Witnessing someone severely injured or killed was the most common event. Depression was experienced by 4.2% of participants, with 6.5% experiencing anxiety, 6.4% an alcohol-related disorder, and 1.9% posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Persons who experienced violence during the war had 4.3 times the adjusted odds of alcohol-related disorders (P < .05) and 4.0 times the adjusted odds of PTSD (P < .05) compared with the postwar period. Women, indigenous Maya, and urban dwellers had greater odds of experiencing postviolence mental health outcomes. Conclusions. Violence that began during the civil war and continues today has had a significant effect on the mental health of Guatemalans. However, mental health outcomes resulting from violent events decreased in the postwar period, suggesting a nation in recovery.
The Intended and Unintended Consequences of a Legal Measure to Cut the Flow of Illegal Cigarettes Into New York City: The Case of the South Bronx
Authors: Kurti Marin , von Lampe Klaus , Johnson Jacqueline 
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We examined the impact of a change in New York tax law on the numbers of untaxed cigarettes bootlegged from Native American reservations and resold in the South Bronx. Methods. Discarded cigarette packs were systematically collected in 30 randomized South Bronx census tracks before and after the amended tax law went into effect in 2011. Also, administrative data were gathered on the number of taxed cigarettes sold in New York State, including sales to Native American reservations. Results. Before the tax amendment, 42% of discarded cigarette packs collected in the South Bronx had no tax stamp. After the tax law went into effect, the percentage of cigarette packs without tax stamps declined to 6.2%. Simultaneously, the percentage of packs with out-of-state tax stamps rose from 18.3% to 66.3%. The percentage of packs with a combined New York State and New York City tax stamp did not change after the tax amendment. Conclusions. After the tax amendment, the supply of contraband cigarettes appears to have quickly shifted from one lower-priced jurisdiction to another without a change in the overall prevalence of contraband cigarettes.
Pathways to Colonoscopy in the South: Seeds of Health Disparities
Authors: Curbow Barbara A. , Dailey Amy B. , King-Marshall Evelyn C. , Barnett Tracy E. , Schumacher Jessica R. , Sultan Shahnaz , George Thomas J. 
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We aimed to highlight sociodemographic differences in how patients access colonoscopy. Methods. We invited all eligible patients (n = 2500) from 2 academy-affiliated colonoscopy centers in Alachua County, Florida (1 free standing, 1 hospital based), to participate in a precolonoscopy survey (September 2011–October 2013); patients agreeing to participate (n = 1841, response rate = 73.6%) received a $5.00 gift card. Results. We found sociodemographic differences in referral pathway, costs, and reasons associated with obtaining the procedure. Patients with the ideal pathway (referred by their regular doctor for age-appropriate screening) were more likely to be Black (compared with other minorities), male, high income, employed, and older. Having the colonoscopy because of symptoms was associated with being female, younger, and having lower income. We found significant differences for 1 previously underestimated barrier, having a spouse to accompany the patient to the procedure. Conclusions. Patients’ facilitators and barriers to colonoscopy differed by sociodemographics in our study, which implies that interventions based on a single facilitator will not be effective for all subgroups of a population.
Flavored Alcoholic Beverage Use, Risky Drinking Behaviors, and Adverse Outcomes Among Underage Drinkers: Results From the ABRAND Study
Authors: Albers Alison Burke , Siegel Michael , Ramirez Rebecca L. , Ross Craig , DeJong William , Jernigan David H. 
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We examined associations between consumption of different types of flavored alcoholic beverages (FABs) and risky drinking and drinking-related harms among underage drinkers. Methods. For the Alcohol Brand Research among Underage Youth study, we applied multivariable logistic regression analyses to data from underage drinkers (n = 1031, aged 13–20 years), recruited from a national Internet panel in 2011 to 2012, to estimate associations between consumption of malt-based drinks; spirits-based, premixed- or ready-to-drink cocktails; and supersized alcopops, alone or in combination, and alcohol-related outcomes. Results. After adjustment for confounding variables, the exclusive consumption of alcopops was associated with episodic heavy drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 4.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24, 15.31; P < .05) and alcohol-related injuries (OR = 6.25; 95% CI = 1.34, 29.10; P < .05). Exclusive consumption of cocktails was associated with episodic heavy drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.26, 5.41; P < .05) and injuries requiring medical attention (OR = 6.50; 95% CI = 2.09, 20.17; P < .001. Exclusive consumption of 2 or more FABs was associated with episodic heavy drinking (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.25, 6.16; P < .05), fighting (OR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.46, 7.47; P < .001), and alcohol-related injuries (OR = 2.83; 95% CI = 1.43, 5.58; P < .001). Conclusions. FABs present an emerging public health problem among youths.
The Potential for Glycemic Control Monitoring and Screening for Diabetes at Dental Visits Using Oral Blood
Authors: Strauss Shiela M. , Rosedale Mary T. , Pesce Michael A. , Rindskopf David M. , Kaur Navjot , Juterbock Caroline M. , Wolff Mark S. , Malaspina Dolores , Danoff Ann 
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We examined the potential for glycemic control monitoring and screening for diabetes in a dental setting among adults (n = 408) with or at risk for diabetes. Methods. In 2013 and 2014, we performed hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) tests on dried blood samples of gingival crevicular blood and compared these with paired “gold-standard” HbA1c tests with dried finger-stick blood samples in New York City dental clinic patients. We examined differences in sociodemographics and diabetes-related risk and health care characteristics for 3 groups of at-risk patients. Results. About half of the study sample had elevated HbA1c values in the combined prediabetes and diabetes ranges, with approximately one fourth of those in the diabetes range. With a correlation of 0.991 between gingival crevicular and finger-stick blood HbA1c, measures of concurrence between the tests were extremely high for both elevated HbA1c and diabetes-range HbA1c levels. Persons already diagnosed with diabetes and undiagnosed persons aged 45 years or older could especially benefit from HbA1c testing at dental visits. Conclusions. Gingival crevicular blood collected at the dental visit can be used to screen for diabetes and monitor glycemic control for many at-risk patients.
Public Health Agenda Setting in a Global Context: The International Labor Organization’s Decent Work Agenda
Authors: Di Ruggiero Erica , Cohen Joanna E. , Cole Donald C. , Forman Lisa 
Published: February 2015

We drew on two agenda-setting theories usually applied at the state or national level to assess their utility at the global level: Kingdon’s multiple streams theory and Baumgartner and Jones’s punctuated equilibrium theory. We illustrate our analysis with findings from a qualitative study of the International Labor Organization’s Decent Work Agenda. We found that both theories help explain the agenda-setting mechanisms that operate in the global context, including how windows of opportunity open and what role institutions play as policy entrepreneurs. Future application of these theories could help characterize power struggles between global actors, whose voices are heard or silenced, and their impact on global policy agenda setting.
Key Aspects of the Proper Formulation of the Model in Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Mining Exploitation on Buildings
Authors: Florkowska Lucyna , Walaszczyk Jan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Numerical modelling is an important tool used to analyse various aspects of the impact of underground mining on existing and planned buildings. The interaction between the building and the soil is a complex matter and in many cases a numerical simulation is the only way of making calculations which will take into consideration the co–existence of a number of factors which have a significant influence on the solution. The complexity of the matter also makes it a difficult task to elaborate a proper mathematical model – it requires both a thorough knowledge of geologic conditions of the subsoil and the structural characteristics of the building.
This paper discusses the most important problems related to the construction of a mathematical model of a building-mining subsoil system. These problems have been collected on the basis of many years of experience the authors have in observing the surveying and tensometric deformations of the rock–mass and buildings as well as in mathematical and numerical modelling of the observed processes.
Microstructural and Tomographic Analyses in Geotechnical Assessment of Soil Media
Authors: Kumor Maciej Kordian 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This paper discusses two different approaches to microanalysis of the soil medium. It presents testing results collected by electromicroscopy, which requires special sample preparation, and a non-destructive method, requiring no sample preparation and using a computer-assisted tomograph. The paper presents:
• Applicability of microstructure analyses and chemical microanalysis in the determination of structural damage incurred in the historical time in relation to the effect of contemporary abiotic events;
• Application of a standard medical computer-assisted tomograph in qualitative assessment of structure and observations of mechanisms of failure in the cement/peat soil composite.
Investigations concerning the applicability of computed tomography in soil micromechanics are demonstrative in character and the presented conclusions suggest further directions for research.
The Effect of 200 MPa Pressure on Specific Surface Area of Clay
Authors: Koszela-Marek Ewa 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the results of laboratory studies of the 200 MPa pressure effect on specific surface area of clay. The original high-pressure investigation stand was used for the pressure tests. Determination of the specific surface area was performed by the methylene blue adsorption method. The results of the specific surface area test were compared for non-pressurized clays and for clays pressured in a high-pressure chamber. It was found that the specific surface area of pressurized soil clearly increased. This shows that some microstructural changes take place in the soil skeleton of clays.
L'avortement volontaire au Burkina Faso : quand les réponses techniques permettent d'éviter de traiter un problème social
Authors: Ouattara Fatoumata , Tagmatarchi Storeng Katerini 
Published: February 2015

Au Burkina Faso comme dans de nombreux autres pays africains, l’avortement provoqué se caractérise par une réprobation sociale et une restriction légale. Cependant, l’avortement non médicalisé est un problème de santé publique majeur qui constitue l’une des causes principales de la mortalité maternelle. Non seulement il est dramatique pour les femmes concernées et pour les travailleurs de la santé en contact avec elles, mais les acteurs de la sphère institutionnelle sont également confrontés à sa nature multidimensionnelle : problème de santé publique, question juridique, politique et sociale. À partir d’entretiens semi-directifs approfondis avec des responsables du ministère de la Santé, d’organisations non gouvernementales (nationales et internationales) et d’organisations multilatérales impliquées sur cette question, nous proposons ici une anthropologie politique de l’avortement au Burkina Faso. Nous montrerons comment une politique axée sur les soins post-avortement – traitement des conséquences médicales de l’avortement pratiqué dans des situations où la sécurité n’est pas assurée – est la principale réponse du gouvernement burkinabè par rapport à ce type d’avortement, considéré d’un point de vue médical comme étant avortement à risque. Notre analyse révèle en quoi l’adhésion des acteurs politiques nationaux aux normes sociales et religieuses influence le caractère avant tout technique de la réponse à ce problème. L’approche technique, justifiée dans la lutte contre la mortalité maternelle intra-hospitalière, se fait aux dépens d’un traitement de l’avortement en tant que problème de politique de santé publique. Cette analyse met en évidence la manière dont cette position de principe a émergé des rencontres entre les acteurs du ministère de la Santé et des organisations internationales agissant sous l’emprise des normes sanitaires à l’échelle mondiale, ainsi que de l’incertitude des positionnements des principaux décideurs.
Accurate Phase Equilibria Predictions for Hydrates of Multi-Component Natural Gases
Authors: Mekala Prathyusha , Sangwai Jitendra S. 
Published: February 2015

Information on the phase behavior of gas hydrate is vital for several mitigation techniques to control their formation in pipelines and surface facilities for efficient flow assurance during the production and transportation of natural gas and reservoir fluids. The pipeline environment (high pressure and low temperature) favors the formation of natural gas hydrate, which is one of the main elements in the flow assurance issues and this has to be taken in to account very seriously.
New thermodynamic computing approach is being developed for predicting the phase equilibria for vapor and solid hydrate. Vapor phase properties at different conditions can easily be calculated using equation of state, which is quite challenging for solid hydrate. The proposed hydrate model is an extension of Chen-Guo model, takes in to account the change in activity at every change in temperature. The new model assists in tuning the parameters accurately to different sets of experimental data.
To propose a model which predicts hydrate phase stability of a multi-component natural gas, consideration of hydrate structural changes and activities is necessary. Therefore besides careful selection of interaction parameters for n! combinations of guest gas molecules, selection of activity of water for a respective set of equilibrium pressure and temperature condition is an important step while computing equilibrium temperatures and pressures of hydrates formed in bulk phase. In this work, activity of water is calculated by Pitzer equation. An intricate mechanism of hydrate formation is followed and it is assumed that hydrate formed in the pores is in complete solid phase. The multi component natural gas mixture (six to ten gases) compositions are chosen in such a ways that a substantial amount of CO2 is present, which makes the activity of the hydrate formation increase from water activity slightly more (&gt;1) due to their high solubility at higher temperatures.
The proposed equilibria phase prediction method is well validated examining eight sets of different natural gases from literature which were studied experimentally by different authors for equilibrium pressure and temperature. The developed method is found to predict the phase stabilities for a multicomponent natural gas hydrates system satisfactorily.
Combining Design of Experiments and Streamline-Based Simulation for Efficient Thermal IOR Development Study in a Waterdrive Light Oil Reservoir
Authors: Al-Mudhafer Wathiq J. , Alta'ee Ali F. 
Published: February 2015

Steamflooding has been widely applied as an effective way to improve oil recovery not only in heavy oil reservoirs, but also in light oil reservoirs. It has been investigated that steamflooding is a good way to handle the formation's heterogeneity by decrease the degree of fluid spread and distortion. This reservoir under study is a sandstone member in South Rumaila oil field located in Iraq. This field, with a 58-year production history, has 40 production wells and is surrounded by an infinite active edge water aquifer from the east and the west flanks. Because of some discontinuous series of bitumen at the east flank, the strength of west flank is much effective more than the east one. In this study, a comparative thermodynamic simulation study has been conducted to investigate the feasibility of steamflooding to extract the bitumen and improve oil recovery and determine the optimal future development scenario considering design of experiments and streamline-based simulation results.
First of all, the thermodynamic reservoir simulator (CMG-STARS) has been used to find out the feasibility of steam flooding in the heterogeneous reservoir to extract the bitumen and improve oil recovery. Later, full factorial design (FFD) has been conducted to study the most factors affecting the response (recovery factor) through steamflooding with distinct levels. The factors are steam injection rate, quality, temperature, and number of steam injectors. FFD has shown that the recovery factor is sensitive for all the forgiven factors as well as some interactions and it also shown that the optimal scenario has the lowest steam injection rate and lowest number of injectors to get the highest recovery factor.
The injectors have been selected according to the high connectivity with the producers that has been determined based on the streamline-based simulation results after construction such a connectivity matrix between the injectors and producers. Consequently, a practical optimization approach has been adopted to determine the optimal number of steam injection wells that leads to optimal development scenario. It has shown finally that only one injector, which has higher connections, has led to highest oil recovery.
Back Analysis of Foundation Pile Design for Liwan 3-1 Offshore Platform
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Yuxi Liu , Ming Guo , Yin Hanjun , Huang Huaizhou 
Published: February 2015

Recently more and larger jackets have been installed in the Asia Pacific area, the Liwan3-1 central processing platform (CEP) platform is the largest offshore platform in Asia with a jacket load out weight about 32,000mt and with a topsides design weight about 44,000mt. And jacket foundation pile is the largest one in the world with 4×ø108" dia. vertical skirt piles at each jacket corner leg. Each pile is at 158 meters in length with 135 m design penetration depth and dry weight of 755mt. In the pile design, major contents were performed as following:pile axial capacity check;Pile lifting strength check; stick-up stability calculation;pile drivability;fatigue analyses;pile shoe buckling and grout connection, etc.
In the installation of large diameter steel piles, the initial penetration depth shallow and run pile will increase the risk of offshore construction. At present, there are no mature methods of calculating the soil resistance. Through the study on soil of this area, we found that the main problem is the estimation of pile end resistance is not accurate. This paper study on influence factors for length of run pile in initial penetration condition and driving process are discussed. Combining with field dynamic monitor test data, the new evaluation methods for soil resistance are present. Such approach can well fit the real situation for this region in South China Sea.
Enhancing Operational Envelope for Offshore Coiled Tubing Interventions to Perform in Monsoon Season
Authors: Wattanasuwankorn Reawat , Hammer Franklin , Christieson Richard , Song Yan , Long Nick 
Published: February 2015

An operator requiring an offshore coiled-tubing (CT) intervention in the South China Sea, Brunei, was presented with challenging monsoon weather conditions and limited and aging offshore facilities. This, combined with a desire to improve operational efficiency, led to the design of novel improvements to the CT intervention vessel. Innovative technologies from various applications were combined to provide the operator a successful solution for CT intervention improvement.
The CT intervention vessel concepts consisted of a full catenary CT system, dynamic positioning vessel, knuckle boom crane, and a heave compensated gang way. The full catenary system was selected for this CT operation to minimize the potential for lifting hazards, reduce offshore installation lead times, and improve the operating efficiency of the CT intervention vessel. The dynamic positioning vessel eliminated anchoring requirements and provided enhanced efficiency for evacuation. The knuckle boom crane provided the capability to lift in different angles to reach equipment placement in difficult positions, even underneath the platform helideck. The heave compensated gang way delivered extraordinary crew transportation between the vessel and offshore facilities and also provided a means for superior emergency response and evacuation upon occurrence of sudden severe offshore weather conditions.
Use of these novel concepts significantly improved the safety and operation of the CT intervention vessel.
Experimental Study on Optimal Polymer Injection Timing in Offshore Oilfields
Authors: Gao Junxin , Li Yiqiang , Li Jie , Yin Dandan , Wang Haifeng 
Published: February 2015

There are many constraints in offshore reservoirs such as lack of fresh water, limited space and short life of platform, and unstable working environment when polymer flooding is implemented to enhance oil recovery. In order to develop offshore oilfields in an efficient and economical way, a study on optimal polymer flooding injection timing is presented, and mechanism analysis is discussed.
Eight polymer injection timing programs were conducted by using both artificial homogeneous cores and heterogeneous ones. Results showed that recovery factor increased with injection timing advanced, and the earlier injection timing, the fewer PV was needed. The final recovery enhanced 2.96%–11.16% and PV decreased 0.41–0.48 with injection timing ranged from at water cut 95% to direct polymer injection, which can save cost economically and speed ??up the development of oil fields; polymer injection timing was more influential in heterogeneous reservoir than in homogeneous ones which can be observed from the change of oil recovery and decline of water cut.
According to theoretical analysis, polymer can improve sweep efficiency with mobility ratio M&lt;1. M is a function of viscosity ratio and relative permeability. When the viscosity ratio is a constant, early relative permeability rate Krp/Kro&lt;&lt;1which can be seen from polymer flooding relative permeability curves, leading to M &lt;&lt; 1, so the effect of the flooding is increased even using lower concentration of polymer at the early injection timing.
However, injection pressure increased with polymer injection timing advanced, leading to injection issues. Water flooding for a period of time was considered to reduce the issues, so water cut of about 60% is recommended as the optimal polymer injection timing in the offshore fields based on practicality, performance and economic viability.