bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prominent EMA ‘dots’ in tumour‐induced Bergmann gliosis
Authors: Gelpi Ellen , Bombi Josep A , Martinez‐Saez Elena , Caral Luis , Ribalta Teresa 
Published: August 2013

AimsTo describe an unusual pattern of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) immunoreactivity in highly proliferative human Bergmann glia.Methods and resultsAn immunohistochemical study was performed of postmortem cerebellar tissue from 18 adult patients with cerebellar damage of various aetiologies and 15 biopsies of diverse adult and paediatric cerebellar tumours. We observed marked proliferation of Bergmann glia with unusual prominent dot‐like cytoplasmic EMA immunoreactivity in a case with extensive leptomeningeal sarcomatosis. Similar staining was not observed in association with other types of cerebellar pathology, except for other neoplastic conditions, such as leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, adult medulloblastoma, and pilocytic astrocytoma in children. At an ultrastructural level, the index case showed prominent endoplasmic reticulum with some intermediate filaments and lipofuscin granules, but no structures related to cilia or microvilli were observed.ConclusionsWe consider that prominent EMA dots in Bergmann glia might represent excessive activation induced by an overlying leptomeningeal tumour that stimulates the expression of early developmental antigens. This observation suggests modulation of the glial phenotype when exposed to a neoplastic microenvironment that, in turn, might influence the regenerative potential of Bergmann glia.
Differential use of antivirals for treatment of patients with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Germany
Authors: Reuss Annicka , Dehnert Manuel , Buda Silke , Haas Walter 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundThe World Health Organization recommends early antiviral treatment for patients with severe influenza illness or those at increased risk for severe illness.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the proportion of cases with laboratory‐confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 infection that have been treated with antivirals in Germany during the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and to investigate factors associated with the use of antivirals.MethodsWe analyzed cases with laboratory‐confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 infection notified to national health authorities in Germany between week 29/2009 and week 17/2010 using multivariable logistic regression. Severity of disease was defined by pneumonia or death.Results and conclusionsOf 160 804 cases with laboratory‐confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 infection, 22% were treated with antivirals. Cases with severe disease were more likely to be treated with antivirals than cases without severe disease (odds ratio = 1·66; 95% confidence interval: 1·46–1·89). In the group with at least one underlying medical condition, only children aged between 1 and 4 years had significant lower odds for receiving antiviral treatment compared with cases in the age group 15 to 49 years (odds ratio = 0·75; 95% confidence interval: 0·6–0·94). In conclusion, the implementation of international recommendations on use of antivirals differed according to the age of patients in Germany during the pandemic (H1N1) 2009. This indicates that the potential of antivirals to prevent severe influenza might not have been fully exhausted. The reasons leading to the observed differences in patient management need to be investigated.
Evaluation of yield of currently available diagnostics by sample type to optimize detection of respiratory pathogens in patients with a community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Huijskens Elisabeth G. W. , Rossen John W. A. , Kluytmans Jan A. J. W. , van der Zanden Adri G. M. , Koopmans Marion 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundFor the detection of respiratory pathogens, the sampling strategy may influence the diagnostic yield. Ideally, samples from the lower respiratory tract are collected, but they are difficult to obtain.ObjectivesIn this study, we compared the diagnostic yield in sputum and oropharyngeal samples (OPS) for the detection of respiratory pathogens in patients with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP), with the objective to optimize our diagnostic testing algorithm.MethodsMatched sputum samples, OPS, blood cultures, serum, and urine samples were taken from patients (>18 years) with CAP and tested for the presence of possible respiratory pathogens using bacterial cultures, PCR for 17 viruses and five bacteria and urinary antigen testing.ResultsWhen using only conventional methods, that is, blood cultures, sputum culture, urinary antigen tests, a pathogen was detected in 49·6% of patients (n = 57). Adding molecular detection assays increased the yield to 80%. A pathogen was detected in 77 of the 115 patients in OPS or sputum samples by PCR. The sensitivity of the OPS was lower than that of the sputum samples (57% versus 74%). In particular, bacterial pathogens were more often detected in sputum samples. The sensitivity of OPS for the detection of most viruses was higher than in sputum samples (72% versus 66%), except for human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus.ConclusionAddition of PCR on both OPS and sputum samples significantly increased the diagnostic yield. For molecular detection of bacterial pathogens, a sputum sample is imperative, but for detection of most viral pathogens, an OPS is sufficient.
Obesity as a risk factor for severe influenza‐like illness
Authors: Cocoros Noelle M. , Lash Timothy L. , DeMaria Alfred , Klompas Michael 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundObesity was recognized as in independent risk factor for influenza during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic.ObjectivesWe evaluated the association between body mass index (BMI) and influenza‐like illness (ILI) during two non‐pandemic influenza seasons (2003–2004 and 2004–2005) and during the spring and fall waves of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.MethodsAdults with severe (inpatient) and mild (outpatient) ILI were compared to those without ILI using a case‐cohort design. The study was nested among those insured by a single health insurance company, receiving care from a large multispecialty practice. Data were collected from insurance claims and the electronic health record. The primary exposure was obesity (BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2).ResultsAcross three seasons, the crude and adjusted ORs for obesity and severe ILI were 1·65 (95% CI 1·31, 2·08) and 1·23 (95% CI 0·97, 1·57), respectively. An association was observed for those aged 20–59 years (adjusted OR 1·92, 95% CI 1·26, 2·90), but not for those 60 and older (adjusted OR 1·08, 95% CI 0·80, 1·46). The adjusted ORs for obesity and severe ILI in 2003–2004, 2004–2005, and during H1N1 were 1·14 (95% CI 0·80, 1·64), 1·24 (95% CI 0·86, 1·79), and 1·76 (95% CI 0·91, 3·42), respectively. Among those with a Charlson Comorbidity Index score of zero, the adjusted ORs for 2003–2004, 2004–2005, and H1N1 were 1·60 (95% CI 0·93, 2·76), 1·43 (95% CI 0·80, 2·56), and 1·90 (95% CI 0·68, 5·27), respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest a small to moderate association between obesity and hospitalized ILI among adults.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of Vertically Aligned ZnO Hexagonal Nanotube‐Rod Hybrids Using a Two‐Step Growth Method
Authors: Kim Seong Been , Kim Sungwoong , Kwon Sun Sang , Lee Won Woo , Kim Jin‐Sang , Park Won Il 
Published: August 2013

Zn‐polar (0001) surfaces are more chemically reactive than other surfaces of ZnO crystals and drive preferential anisotropic and asymmetric growth along the [0001] direction, which facilitates growth of c‐axis oriented, one‐dimensional ZnO nanostructures. Accordingly, capping the top (0001) surface of ZnO crystals can impede c‐axis growth and thus serve to modulate growth habits. In this study, we generated vertically aligned ZnO hexagonal nanotube‐rod (h‐NTR) hybrids by modulating growth habits during a second‐stage process. Electron microscopy studies revealed the formation of very thin (10–20 nm) single‐crystalline nanotube walls along the edges of underlying hexagonal rod tops capped with Si. In addition, spatially resolved investigation of ZnO h‐NTR indicated an abrupt increase in the measured bandgap across rod‐tube junctions, which was ascribed to a quantum confinement effect and Burstein–Moss effect of carriers within the very thin nanotube walls.
In vitro cultivation model for Heterosporis saurida (Microsporidia) isolated from lizardfish, Saurida undosquamis (Richardson)
Authors: Kumar G , Saleh M , Abdel‐Baki A‐A S , Al‐Quraishy S , El‐Matbouli M 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHeterosporis saurida is a microsporidian that infects lizardfish, Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848), in the Arabian Sea. Spores were isolated from infected lizardfish and used to infect derived fish cell lines: common carp brain (CCB), epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC), fathead minnow epithelial (FHM), rainbow trout gonad (RTG), bluegill fry (BF‐2) and chinook salmon embryo (CHSE). Non‐fish cell lines were also tested that include: insect (SF‐9), rabbit (RK‐13) and African green monkey (Vero E6). No growth of H. saurida was observed in any fish cell line, SF‐9 or Vero E6 cell lines. H. saurida spores grew only in RK‐13 cell line and were detected by immunofluorescence. Developmental stages of H. saurida were seen in RK‐13 cells by light and transmission electron microscopy, and species identification was confirmed by sequencing. This study demonstrated that H. saurida was able to proliferate in the mammalian RK‐13 cell line, which thus represents an in vitro model for conducting molecular genetics and cell–pathogen interaction studies of Heterosporis.
Efficient 3D porous microstructure reconstruction via Gaussian random field and hybrid optimization
Authors: JIANG Z. , CHEN W. , BURKHART C. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryObtaining an accurate three‐dimensional (3D) structure of a porous microstructure is important for assessing the material properties based on finite element analysis. Whereas directly obtaining 3D images of the microstructure is impractical under many circumstances, two sets of methods have been developed in literature to generate (reconstruct) 3D microstructure from its 2D images: one characterizes the microstructure based on certain statistical descriptors, typically two‐point correlation function and cluster correlation function, and then performs an optimization process to build a 3D structure that matches those statistical descriptors; the other method models the microstructure using stochastic models like a Gaussian random field and generates a 3D structure directly from the function. The former obtains a relatively accurate 3D microstructure, but computationally the optimization process can be very intensive, especially for problems with large image size; the latter generates a 3D microstructure quickly but sacrifices the accuracy due to issues in numerical implementations. A hybrid optimization approach of modelling the 3D porous microstructure of random isotropic two‐phase materials is proposed in this paper, which combines the two sets of methods and hence maintains the accuracy of the correlation‐based method with improved efficiency. The proposed technique is verified for 3D reconstructions based on silica polymer composite images with different volume fractions. A comparison of the reconstructed microstructures and the optimization histories for both the original correlation‐based method and our hybrid approach demonstrates the improved efficiency of the approach.
Cell tracking using phase‐adaptive shape prior
Authors: LAW Y.N. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAutomated tracking of cell population is very crucial for quantitative measurements of dynamic cell‐cycle behaviour of individual cells. This problem involves several subproblems and a high accuracy of each step is essential to avoid error propagation. In this paper, we propose a holistic three‐component system to tackle this problem. For each phase, we first learn a mean shape as well as a model of the temporal dynamics of transformation, which are used for estimating a shape prior for the cell in the current frame. We then segment the cell using a level set‐based shape prior model. Finally, we identify its phase based on the goodness‐of‐fit of the data to the segmentation model. This phase information is also used for fine‐tuning the segmentation result. We evaluate the performance of our method empirically in various aspects and in tracking individual cells from HeLa H2B‐GFP cell population. Highly accurate validation results confirm the robustness of our method in many realistic scenarios and the essentiality of each component of our integrating system.
Transitional experiences in patients following intracranial aneurysm rupture
Authors: von Vogelsang Ann‐Christin , Wengström Yvonne , Svensson Mikael , Forsberg Christina 
Published: August 2013

Aims and objectivesTo describe changes and transitions in everyday life in the first two years following an intracranial aneurysm rupture.BackgroundAn intracranial aneurysm rupture causes a haemorrhagic stroke, and the physical and mental consequences of this condition are numerous and complex. In Sweden, some, but not all, patients receive rehabilitation for this condition. Patients with this type of stroke are not included in the national stroke registry; thus, information on the recovery period for these particular patients is lacking.DesignA longitudinal mixed methods study design was used.MethodsThe sample was consecutive and consisted of 88 patients (84·6% of 104 eligible), acutely admitted to a neurosurgical clinic in Stockholm for intracranial aneurysm rupture. Data were collected through a postal study‐specific questionnaire at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years postaneurysm rupture. Intramethod mixing was used in the data collection, and quantitative and qualitative data were analysed parallel with statistical and qualitative content analysis.ResultsA majority of participants perceived changes in their everyday lives during the first two years following aneurysm rupture, and the changes were ongoing with little differences reported between 6 months and 2 years after the onset. Internal changes, or transitions, were revealed within changes in personality, changed social roles and relationships and changed abilities and behaviour.ConclusionsRecovering from an intracranial aneurysm rupture involves a period of intense changes and transitions, a vulnerable period for many people that may be made easier to manage by the intervention of nurses.Relevance to clinical practicePatients experiencing transitions in the recovery period after intracranial aneurysm rupture may benefit from nursing interventions that support them through the transitional process. Nurse‐led follow‐up care by a specialist nurse from the neurosurgical clinic may be a possible way to provide support.
Influence of recombinant duck follistatin protein on embryonic muscle development and gene expressions
Authors: Liu H. , Zhang R. , Li X. , Sun L. , Wang H. , Yang C. , Li L. , Wang J. , Xu F. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryFollistatin (FST) acts as a positive regulator of muscle development by inhibiting the activities and expression of myostatin. The recombinant duck FST protein was injected into hatching eggs and was also added to the medium of duck myoblast to study its role on duck embryonic muscle development and gene expressions. Duck embryo weight increased 3.49% (p > 0.05) in FST treatment group as compared with control group, but minor effects were found on leg or breast muscle weights of ducklings at 2 days post‐hatching (p > 0.05). Relative expression of Pax7 was upregulated in both leg and breast muscle tissues (p < 0.05), while MyoD was only upregulated in leg muscle (p < 0.05), and Myf5 was only upregulated in breast muscle (p < 0.05). Relative expression of myostatin was downregulated in both muscle tissues researched (p < 0.05). In vitro studies also showed some maker genes relevant to protein synthesis and degradation, cells’ proliferation and differentiation had significant changes in myoblasts after treated with FST. These results suggested that in ovo feeding of recombinant FST protein to duck hatching eggs had an effect on duck embryo development but have less roles on the duck embryonic muscle development.
Effects of pistachio by‐products in replacement of alfalfa hay on populations of rumen bacteria involved in biohydrogenation and fermentative parameters in the rumen of sheep
Authors: Ghaffari M. H. , Tahmasbi A.‐M. , Khorvash M. , Naserian A.‐A. , Ghaffari A. H. , Valizadeh H. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sundried pistachio by‐products (PBP) as a replacement of alfalfa hay (AH) on blood metabolites, rumen fermentation and populations of rumen bacteria involved in biohydrogenation (BH) in Baluchi sheep. Four adult male Baluchi sheep (41 ± 1.3 kg, BW) fitted with ruminal cannulae were randomly assigned to four experimental diets in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The dietary treatments were as follows: (i) control, (ii) 12% PBP (0.33 of AH in basal diet replaced by PBP), (iii) 24% PBP (0.66 of AH in basal diet replaced by PBP) and (iv) 36% PBP (all of AH in basal diet replaced by PBP). The basal diet was 360 g/kg dry matter (DM) alfalfa hay, 160 g/kg DM wheat straw and 480 g/kg DM concentrate. The trial consisted of four periods, each composed of 16 days adaptation and 4 days data collection including measurement of blood metabolites, rumen fermentation and population of bacteria. No differences were observed in rumen pH among the treatments, while rumen ammonia‐N concentrations were decreased (p< 0.05) with increasing PBP by up to 36% DM of the diets. Using of 36% PBP in the diet reduced (p < 0.05) total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations and the molar proportion of acetate, while the concentration of propionate, butyrate and acetate to propionate ratio were similar to all other treatments. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased (p < 0.01) with increasing PBP by up to 36% DM in the diets of sheep. However, other blood metabolites were not affected by the experimental diets. It was concluded that PBP in replacement of AH had no effects on the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus in relation to the control diet.
Issues in Austroasiatic Classification
Authors: Sidwell Paul 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Austroasiatic phylum spans South and Southeast Asia, with more than 150 languages over at least a dozen branches. Comparative‐historical work on Austroasiatic has been done for over a century, yet it has proceeded only in fits and starts, such that today we are still not sure how the branches fit together as a family. In this review, the history of efforts to understand the classification of Austroasiatic is examined, and the features that distinguish each of the constituent branches are described.
Contrasting primary successional trajectories of fungi and bacteria in retreating glacier soils
Authors: Brown Shawn P. , Jumpponen Ari 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEarly community assembly of soil microbial communities is essential for pedogenesis and development of organic legacies. We examined fungal and bacterial successions along a well‐established temperate glacier forefront chronosequence representing ~70 years of deglaciation to determine community assembly. As microbial communities may be heavily structured by establishing vegetation, we included nonvegetated soils as well as soils from underneath four plant species with differing mycorrhizal ecologies (Abies lasiocarpa, ectomycorrhizal; Luetkea pectinata, arbuscular mycorrhizal; Phyllodoce empetriformis, ericoid mycorrhizal; Saxifraga ferruginea, nonmycorrhizal). Our main objectives were to contrast fungal and bacterial successional dynamics and community assembly as well as to decouple the effects of plant establishment and time since deglaciation on microbial trajectories using high‐throughput sequencing. Our data indicate that distance from glacier terminus has large effects on biomass accumulation, community membership, and distribution for both fungi and bacteria. Surprisingly, presence of plants rather than their identity was more important in structuring bacterial communities along the chronosequence and played only a very minor role in structuring the fungal communities. Further, our analyses suggest that bacterial communities may converge during assembly supporting determinism, whereas fungal communities show no such patterns. Although fungal communities provided little evidence of convergence in community structure, many taxa were nonrandomly distributed across the glacier foreland; similar taxon‐level responses were observed in bacterial communities. Overall, our data highlight differing drivers for fungal and bacterial trajectories during early primary succession in recently deglaciated soils.
Analytical Model for Estimation of Maximum Normal Stress in Steel Beam‐Columns Based on Wireless Measurement of Average Strains from Vibrating Wire Strain Gages
Authors: Lee Hong Min , Choi Se Woon , Jung Dong‐jo , Park Hyo Seon 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this article, an analytical model is developed for estimation of the maximum normal stress in a beam‐column member subjected simultaneously to an axial load and bending moments. The analytical model is derived by defining the relationship between the maximum strain and average strains measured wirelessly from vibrating wire strain gages. On the basis of the experimental tests on a two‐dimensional steel frame structure with beam‐column members, the performance of the estimation model is evaluated by comparing the maximum strains directly obtained from electrical strain gages and the estimated maximum strains from the model. Using the model, a practical monitoring of the maximum stress in steel beam‐columns is made possible by measuring three average strains at arbitrary locations.
Active Tendon Control of Torsionally Irregular Structures under Near‐Fault Ground Motion Excitation
Authors: Nigdeli S. Melih , Boduroğlu M. Hasan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this study, torsionally irregular single‐story and multistory structures under the effect of near‐fault ground motion excitation were controlled by active tendons. Near‐fault ground motions contain two impulsive characters. These impulsive characters are the directivity effect perpendicular to fault and the flint step parallel to fault. The structural models were simulated under bidirectional earthquake records superimposed with impulsive motions to examine the response of active control under near‐fault effects. Also, the structures were analyzed only under the effect of bidirectional impulsive pulses. The control signals were obtained by Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) type controllers and the parameters of the controllers were obtained by using a numerical algorithm depending on time domain analyses. Time delay effect was also considered for active control system. Different cases of orientation of active tendons were examined and the results of the single‐story structure were compared with another control strategy using frequency domain responses in the optimization process. As a conclusion, the control concept is significantly effective on reducing maximum responses in translational and rotational directions and obtaining a steady‐state response.