bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Menu Labels Displaying the Kilocalorie Content or the Exercise Equivalent: Effects on Energy Ordered and Consumed in Young Adults
Authors: James Ashlei , Adams-Huet Beverley , Shah Meena 
Published: February 2014

Purpose. Determine the effect of menu labels displaying the energy content of food items or the exercise equivalent on energy ordered and consumed at lunch and energy intake for the remainder of the day in young adults. Design. Subjects were randomized to a menu with no labels (no-labels), menu with kilocalorie labels displaying the energy content of the food items (kcal-labels), or menu with exercise labels displaying the minutes of brisk walking needed to burn the food energy (exercise-labels). Setting. The study was conducted in one dining area located in a metabolic kitchen at the Texas Christian University and another located in a residence occupied by graduate students. Subjects. Of the 300 subjects, 55.7% were female, 77.3% were college students, 88% were white, and 88% were non-Hispanic. Mean body mass index and age were 24.2 ± 4.5 kg/m2 and 21.9 ± 2.3 years, respectively. Intervention. All menus contained the same food/beverage choices. Subjects ordered and consumed foods/beverages for lunch from the menu to which they were assigned. Subjects were blinded to study purpose. Measures. Energy ordered and consumed at lunch were assessed from the weight of the food ordered and consumed, respectively, and the energy content of the same foods available on the restaurant Web site. Postlunch energy intake was assessed by food recall. Analysis. Analysis of covariance, adjusted for premeal hunger levels and gender, determined the effect of menu type on energy ordered and consumed and postlunch energy intake. Results. Significant menu effect was observed for energy ordered (p = .008) and consumed (p = .04) at lunch. The exercise-labels group ordered significantly (p = .002) less energy (adjusted mean [confidence intervals]: 763 [703, 824] kcal) at lunch, compared to the no-labels group (902 [840, 963] kcal) but not compared to the kcal-labels group (827 [766, 888] kcal). The exercise-labels group also consumed significantly (p = .01) less energy (673 [620, 725] kcal) at lunch, compared to the no-labels group (770 (717, 823) kcal) but not compared to the kcal-labels group (722 [669, 776] kcal). Energy ordered and consumed were not different between kcal-labels and no-labels groups. There was no difference in postlunch energy intake by menu type. Conclusion. The menu with exercise-labels resulted in less energy ordered and consumed and this did not lead to greater energy consumption post lunch, compared to the menu with no-labels in young adults largely made up of normal-weight, non-Hispanic white college students.
Emphasis of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ceylan Cavit , Camtosun Ahmet , Doluoglu Omer Gokhan , Tasdemir Sedat , Keles Ibrahim , Aglamis Erdogan , Tatar Can Ali 
Published: February 2014

Introduction We investigated the prognostic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on overall survival and tumor stage in non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Methods The records of 229 patients with non-metastatic RCC (T1-4N0M0) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified as group 1 (T1 + T2) and group 2 (T3 + T4). The significance of the differences between the groups in terms of averages and median values were investigated with Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. Results Patients were divided in two as group 1 (T1 + T2) and group 2 (T3 + T4), consisting of 208 and 21 patients, respectively. Between the two groups, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was found as 2.83 ± 2.15 and 4.79 ± 4.65, respectively (p = 0.02). We found that NLR had a distinctive feature at a cut-off value of 2.9. Discussion NLR was higher in local advanced tumors. We observed that the cut-off value of NLR is only associated with tumor volume.
Going to Bed White and Waking Up Arab
Authors: Willett Cynthia , Willett Julie 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Like lynching and other mass hysterias, xenophobia exemplifies a contagious, collective wave of energy and hedonic quality that can point toward a troubling unpredictability at the core of political and social systems. While earlier studies of mass hysteria and popular discourse assume that cooler heads (aka rational individuals with their logic) could and should regain control over those emotions that are deemed irrational, and that boundaries are assumed healthy only when intact, affect studies pose individuals as nodes of biosocial networks larger than themselves. Thus rather than suggesting that the individual can only prevent societal harm by gaining command and patrolling the borders of an autonomous self, we embrace the notion that affects can exert a positive and transformative force on a social reality that is resistant to top-down policy intervention and any straightforward moral or logical plea.
The Prince Edward Island–Mayo Clinic Connection: Malcolm B. Dockerty and Lewis B. Woolner
Authors: Wright James R. 
Published: February 2014

Context.—Malcolm B. Dockerty and Lewis B. Woolner, 2 preeminent mid–20th-century surgical pathologists, spent their entire careers at the Mayo Clinic. Both were raised in poverty on potato farms only 49 miles apart in Canada's smallest province (Prince Edward Island); both were educated in 1-room schools and graduated as gold medalists from Prince Edward Island's only college and then from Maritime Canada's only medical school; both then trained at the Mayo Clinic.Objective.—To explore the lives and accomplishments of these 2 important surgical pathologists.Design.—Standard historiographic methods were used to explore primary and secondary historical sources.Results.—Both became world-renowned general surgical pathologists, one developing subspecialty expertise in gynecologic pathology and the other in cytopathology, pulmonary pathology, and thyroid/parathyroid pathology. Both were prolific authors with h-indices higher than 40, and between them, they published more than 750 peer-reviewed papers and book chapters. As educators, they trained hundreds of pathology and surgery residents/fellows who disseminated their knowledge around the world. Both were fascinated by poetry from childhood and could quote the classics from memory. One wrote poetry throughout his entire life and even used it to teach pathology and serve as his memoir; the other strongly preferred the classics and in jest called his colleague “a (minor) poet.” Both received postretirement honorary doctorates from their alma maters. Dockerty died in 1987; Woolner celebrates his 100th birthday on November 17, 2013.Conclusion.—Every pathologist should know of these 2 pioneering surgical pathologists.
A Team-Based Approach to Autopsy Education: Integrating Anatomic and Clinical Pathology at the Rotation Level
Authors: Hébert Tiffany Michele , Maleki Sara , Vasovic Ljiljana V. , Arnold Jeffrey L. , Steinberg Jacob J. , Prystowsky Michael B. 
Published: February 2014

Context.—Pathology residency training programs should aim to teach residents to think beyond the compartmentalized data of specific rotations and synthesize data in order to understand the whole clinical picture when interacting with clinicians.
Objective.—To test a collaborative autopsy procedure at Montefiore Medical Center (Bronx, New York), linking residents and attending physicians from anatomic and clinical pathology in the autopsy process from the initial chart review to the final report. Residents consult with clinical pathology colleagues regarding key clinical laboratory findings during the autopsy. This new procedure serves multiple functions: creating a team-based, mutually beneficial educational experience; actively teaching consultative skills; and facilitating more in-depth analysis of the clinical laboratory findings in autopsies.
Design.—An initial trial of the team-based autopsy system was done from November 2010 to December 2012. Residents were then surveyed via questionnaire to evaluate the frequency and perceived usefulness of clinical pathology autopsy consultations.
Results.—Senior residents were the most frequent users of clinical pathology autopsy consultation. The most frequently consulted services were microbiology and chemistry. Eighty-nine percent of the residents found the clinical pathology consultation to be useful in arriving at a final diagnosis and clinicopathologic correlation.
Conclusion.—The team-based autopsy is a novel approach to integration of anatomic and clinical pathology curricula at the rotation level. Residents using this approach develop a more holistic approach to pathology, better preparing them for meaningful consultative interaction with clinicians. This paradigm shift in training positions us to better serve in our increasing role as arbiters of outcomes measures in accountable care organizations.
Anatomic and Clinical Pathology Boot Camps: Filling Pathology-Specific Gaps in Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Naritoku Wesley Y. , Vasovic Ljiljana , Steinberg Jacob J. , Prystowsky Michael B. , Powell Suzanne Z. 
Published: February 2014

Context.—The Liaison Committee on Medical Education began an initiative to change medical education across the United States in the early 2000s. With the explosion in medical science knowledge, the need arose to teach selected fundamental information both in a contextual and in an active learning manner.
Objective.—To identify ways to address gaps in training and knowledge that became apparent following implementation of learner-centered teaching methods, with devotion of more time to Internet-based learning and less emphasis on face-to-face lecture time. There was a dramatic departure from or de-emphasis of many traditional courses, such as embryology, gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, and pathology, to the integration of these sciences into system-based active learning courses. This change in medical school curricula produces a medical graduate who hopefully thinks differently but certainly lacks subject-specific knowledge for a variety of medical specialties.
Data Sources.—Pathology residency programs have developed “boot camps” for the initial months of residency training both to provide the necessary foundation of pathology-specific medical science and to introduce basic skills and processes required for practice of anatomic pathology and laboratory medicine. The College of American Pathologists Graduate Medical Education Committee sent a questionnaire out on the Program Directors Section Listserv; the results are discussed and 3 boot camp programs are described.
Conclusions.—Boot camps have 2 purposes: (1) to teach or strengthen knowledge required to practice pathology and (2) to introduce basic skills and processes that will be used during the practitioner's career.
Dans la vallée d’Elah : masculinités, narrations et guerre en Irak
Authors: Châteauvert-Gagnon Béatrice 
Published: February 2014

Cet article vise à analyser le filmDans la vallée d’Elahà partir d’une perspective théorique féministe de la sécurité internationale, afin de déceler les rapports de genre et de « race » qui sous-tendent la construction de différentes masculinités au sein des discours et des narrations sur la sécurité internationale, la guerre et la militarisation, notamment dans le contexte de la guerre en Irak et des productions culturelles s’y référant. En effet, si le film est critique de plusieurs aspects de la guerre en Irak, il est à se demander si ces critiques ont entraîné une véritable déconstruction des discours genrés et racisés qui légitiment et rendent possibles la militarisation et les guerres, ou si ceux-ci, même critiqués, sont reconduits par la narration du conflit. L’article soutient que la masculinité hégémonique du personnage principal est construite en opposition à une masculinité pervertie par la guerre en Irak chez les jeunes soldats y ayant combattu, limitant la critique à cette guerre spécifique et non à la guerre en général.
Assessment of a generalizable methodology to assess learning from manikin-based simulation technology*
Authors: Giuliano Dominic A. , McGregor Marion 
Published: February 2014

Objective
This study combined a learning outcomes-based checklist and salient characteristics derived from wisdom-of-crowds theory to test whether differing groups of judges (diversity maximized versus expertise maximized) would be able to appropriately assess videotaped, manikin-based simulation scenarios.

Methods
Two groups of 3 judges scored 9 videos of interns managing a simulated cardiac event. The first group had a diverse range of knowledge of simulation procedures, while the second group was more homogeneous in their knowledge and had greater simulation expertise. All judges viewed 3 types of videos (predebriefing, postdebriefing, and 6 month follow-up) in a blinded fashion and provided their scores independently. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the reliability of judges as related to group membership. Scores from each group of judges were averaged to determine the impact of group on scores.

Results
Results revealed strong ICCs for both groups of judges (diverse, 0.89; expert, 0.97), with the diverse group of judges having a much wider 95% confidence interval for the ICC. Analysis of variance of the average checklist scores indicated no significant difference between the 2 groups of judges for any of the types of videotapes assessed (F = 0.72, p = .4094). There was, however, a statistically significant difference between the types of videos (F = 14.39, p = .0004), with higher scores at the postdebrief and 6-month follow-up time periods.

Conclusions
Results obtained in this study provide optimism for assessment procedures in simulation using learning outcomes-based checklists and a small panel of judges.
Generalized Biot's theory and Mandel's problem of multiple‐porosity and multiple‐permeability poroelasticity
Authors: Mehrabian Amin , Abousleiman Younane N. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper finds in Biot's theory of poroelasticity a complete and consistent extension to the general case of multiple‐porosity and multiple‐permeability, fluid‐saturated, and linearly elastic media. The constitutive stress‐strain relations for a medium identified with this extension are presented, and the coefficient matrix of mechanical properties associated with these relations is derived from the corresponding intrinsic properties of its single‐porosity constituents. The closed form analytical solution to Mandel's problem is upgraded to the case being considered in this study. This problem addresses the transient consolidation of a porous elastic slab of rectangular geometry, when confined from the top and bottom. A numerical example solution for shale with laboratory setup of Mandel's problem is provided. Results are compared for the cases of single‐, double‐, and triple‐porosity solutions.
Ice‐melt rates in liquid‐filled cavities during explosive subglacial eruptions
Authors: Woodcock D. C. , Lane S. J. , Gilbert J. S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSubglacial eruptions are often associated with rapid penetration of overlying ice and release of large flow rates of water as jökulhlaups. Observations of recent subglacial eruptions indicate rapid syn‐eruptive ice melting within liquid‐filled subglacial cavities, but quantitative descriptions of possible heat transfer processes need to be developed. Calculations of heat flux from the ice cavity fluid to the melting ice surface indicate that up to 0.6 MW m−2 may be obtained for fluids undergoing single‐phase free convection, similar to minimum estimates of heat flux inferred from observations of recent eruptions. Our model of boiling two‐phase free convection in subglacial cavities indicates that much greater heat fluxes, in the range 3–5 MW m−2, can be obtained in the vent region of the cavity and may be increased further by momentum transfer from the eruption jet. Rapid magma‐water heat transfer from fragmented magma is needed to sustain these heat fluxes. Similar heat fluxes are anticipated for forced convection of subcooled cavity water induced by momentum transfer from an eruption jet. These heat fluxes approach those required to explain jökulhlaup flow rates and rapid ice penetration rates by melting in some, but not all recent eruptions.
Constraining the area of rapid and deep‐seated exhumation at the St. Elias syntaxis, Southeast Alaska, with detrital zircon fission‐track analysis
Authors: Falkowski Sarah , Enkelmann Eva , Ehlers Todd A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe Chugach‐St. Elias orogen, Southeast Alaska/Southwest Yukon, formed in response to the ongoing Yakutat microplate subduction‐collision with the North American Plate. Due to heavy glaciation, the region is a prime location to study active convergent orogenesis and climate‐tectonic interactions. This study focuses on the long‐term distribution of deformation in the St. Elias syntaxis area, where dextral motion along the plate‐bounding Fairweather Fault transitions into convergence. We present 2718 new zircon fission‐track single‐grain ages from 26 glaciofluvial outwash samples. The grain ages range from 293 Ma to 0.2 Ma, and each sample contains two to five age populations with peaks between 267 ± 64 Ma and 1.2 ± 0.7 Ma (1σ). The rocks of the Yakutat microplate are dominated by latest Cretaceous and Eocene fission‐track ages, while the rocks of the North American Plate in the syntaxis region reveal two exhumation phases at ~5.1 Ma and ~2.7 Ma. The spatial pattern of ≤5 Ma cooling ages shows that the area of rapid and deep exhumation at the St. Elias syntaxis is more extensive than previously known and confined to the south by the Fairweather Fault, to the west by the Seward Glacier catchment, and to the east possibly by the inferred Connector Fault. The area seems to be ~4800 km2 large and may extend farther to the north. The new zircon fission‐track data further suggest a transpressional plate boundary since ~30 Ma and the onset of plate collision 15–12 Ma.
A convex optimization algorithm for frequency‐domain identification in the v‐gap metric
Authors: Geng Li‐Hui , Cui Shi‐Gang , Zhao Li , Lin Hai‐Qi 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis paper proposes a convex optimization algorithm to minimize the v‐gap metric for parameter estimation of a SISO system using frequency‐domain measurements. According to a geometrical interpretation for this metric, its evaluation for two SISO linear systems is the supreme of sine values of the apertures between their normalized right graph symbols. As a result, the minimization of the v‐gap metric becomes that of the maximum of sine values of those apertures at sampling frequencies and can be efficiently solved by a sequence of feasibility problems with a decreasing line search. Compared with the related algorithms, the proposed one has global convergence and much lower computational loads. Finally, a numerical simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capacitive performance of polyaniline/manganese dioxide nanofiber microsphere
Authors: Huo Yu‐Qiu , Zhang Shu‐Bo , Zhang Hai‐Ying 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis work has obtained polyaniline/manganese dioxide (PANI/MnO2) nanofibers microsphere by interfacial chemical synthesis with 4‐amino‐thiophenol (4‐ATP) as the structure‐directing agent on the Au substrate. The cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to determine their capacitive performance. Powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements, and scanning electron microscope were performed for physical and chemical characterization. The effect of 4‐ATP and acids on the capacitive performance of PANI/MnO2 nanofibers microsphere was elucidated. The as‐prepared PANI/MnO2 was nanofiber about 30 nm diameters, and they further self‐assembled into sphere. Its specific capacitance is up to 765 F g−1 at 1.0 mA cm−2 in 1.0M Na2SO4 solution. And it shows a high stability with a capacitance fade of only 14.9% after 400 charge–discharge cycles. The symmetric capacitor of PANI/MnO2 (PM10+)/PANI/MnO2 (PM10−) is assembled in 1.0M Na2SO4 solution, and its capacitive performance is compared with that of PANI (+)/PANI (−) and MnO2 (+)/MnO2 (−). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40575.
Effects of 17/0 circle hooks and bait on fish catches in a Southern Atlantic swordfish longline fishery
Authors: Amorim Sérgio , Santos Miguel N. , Coelho Rui , Fernandez‐Carvalho Joana 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This paper reports the results of using different hook style and bait type combinations on the catches of targeted, bycatch and discarded fishes in the Portuguese commercial longline fishery targeting swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the South Atlantic Ocean.
In total, 310 longline experimental sets (446 400 hooks) were deployed between October 2008 and February 2012. Three different hook styles were tested; the traditional J‐hook (9/0) 10o offset was compared with two 17/0 circle hooks (a non‐offset and a 10o offset), and squid (Illex spp.) bait was compared with mackerel (Scomber spp.).
Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was calculated for each fish species per fishing set and compared between the different hook style and bait type combinations. Results indicated that the effects of hook style and bait on the CPUEs were species‐specific. For example, swordfish (target species, Xiphias gladius) CPUEs were higher with J‐hooks baited with squid, while for the blue shark (most important bycatch species, Prionace glauca) the highest CPUEs were obtained with circle hooks baited with mackerel. For tuna (Thunnus spp.) and marlin (blue, Makaira nigricans and white, Kajikia albida) only the bait effect was significant, with higher catches with squid.
For the discarded species, the proportions of alive vs dead specimens at the time of fishing gear retrieval were also species‐specific.
The total retained catch value per unit of effort (VPUE) did not changed between the different hook and bait combinations, but these VPUEs are highly dependent on market fluctuations.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.