bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring faculty perceptions towards electronic health records for nursing education
Authors: Kowitlawakul Y. , Chan S.W.C. , Wang L. , Wang W. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThe use of electronic health records in nursing education is rapidly increasing worldwide. The successful implementation of electronic health records for nursing education software program relies on students as well as nursing faculty members.AimsThis study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of nursing faculty members using electronic health records for nursing education software program, and to identify the influential factors for successful implementation of this technology.MethodsThis exploratory qualitative study was conducted using in‐depth individual interviews at a university in Singapore. Seven faculty members participated in the study. The data were gathered and analysed at the end of the semester in the 2012/2013 academic year.ResultsThe participants' perceptions of the software program were organized into three main categories: innovation, transition and integration. The participants perceived this technology as innovative, with both values and challenges for the users. In addition, using the new software program was perceived as transitional process. The integration of this technology required time from faculty members and students, as well as support from administrators.LimitationsThe software program had only been implemented for 2–3 months at the time of the interviews. Consequently, the participants might have lacked the necessary skill and competence and confidence to implement it successfully. In addition, the unequal exposure to the software program might have had an impact on participants' perceptions.ConclusionThe findings show that the integration of electronic health records into nursing education curricula is dependent on the faculty members' experiences with the new technology, as well as their perceptions of it. Hence, cultivating a positive attitude towards the use of new technologies is important.Implications for nursing and health policyElectronic health records are significant applications of health information technology. Health informatics competency should be included as a required competency component in faculty professional development policy and programmes.
Human blood‐derived endothelial progenitor cells augment vasculogenesis and osteogenesis
Authors: Zigdon‐Giladi Hadar , Michaeli‐Geller Gal , Bick Tova , Lewinson Dina , Machtei Eli E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIntroductionEndothelial progenitor cells (EPC) participate in angiogenesis and osteogenesis, therefore, have the potential to enhance extra‐cortical bone formation.AimTo enhance extra‐cortical bone formation following local transplantation of human peripheral blood‐derived EPC (hEPC) in a guided bone regeneration (GBR) nude rat calvaria model.Materials and MethodshEPC were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers. Cells were cultured and characterized by flow cytometry for specific endothelial markers. Following exposure of nude rat calvaria, gold domes were filled with 106 hEPC mixed with βTCP (n = 6). Domes filled with βTCP served as control (n = 6). Rats were sacrificed after 3 months. New bone formation and blood vessel density were analysed by histology and histomorphometry. Transplanted hEPC were located in the regenerated tissue using immunohistology.ResultsAbundant vasculature was observed adjacent to the newly formed bone. According to histomorphometric analysis: blood vessel density was 7.5 folds higher in the hEPC compared with the control group. Similarly, gained extra‐cortical bone height (2.46 ± 1.1 mm versus 0.843 ± 0.61 mm, p = 0.01) and bone area fraction (19.42 ± 7.48% versus 4.81 ± 3.93%, p = 0.001) were elevated following hEPC transplantation. Moreover, hEPC expressing human‐specific CD31 were integrated into blood vessel walls adjacent to newly formed bone.ConclusionIn nude rat GBR calvaria model, transplantation of hEPC significantly enhanced vasculogenesis and osteogenesis.
Age of onset and the subclassification of conduct/dissocial disorder
Authors: Silberg Judy , Moore Ashlee A. , Rutter Michael 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundConduct Disorder (CD) is a markedly heterogeneous psychiatric condition. Moffitt (1993) proposed that subclassification ofCDshould be according to age of onset. Our goals were to compare childhood‐onset and adolescent‐onsetCDin terms of differences in phenotypic risk factors, genetic analyses, and factors associated with the persistence of antisocial behavior into young adulthood.MethodsThe data are from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (VTSABD) and Young Adult Follow‐Up (YAFU). Childhood‐onsetCDwas defined asCDbeginning at or before age 11. Adolescent‐onsetCDwas defined as havingCDonset between ages 14 and 17. These subgroups were compared onADHD, young adult antisocial behavior (ASB), family dysfunction, and parental depression. Genetic analyses compare childhood‐onset and adolescent‐onsetCD, as well as their cooccurrence withADHDandASB. Finally, predictors of persistence were examined.ResultsChildhood‐onsetCDwas significantly associated withADHD,ASB, family dysfunction, and parental depression. Adolescent‐onsetCDwas marginally associated with parental depression (p = .05) but not with any of the other risk factors. Univariate genetic models showed that both childhood‐onset and adolescent‐onsetCDinvolve a large genetic liability accounting for 62% and 65% of the variance, respectively. A common genetic factor (as well as anADHD‐specific factor) accounted for the cooccurrence of childhood‐onsetCDandADHD. The cooccurrence of childhood‐onsetCDandASBare reflected by a common genetic factor with genetic specific effects onASB. There was no etiological link between adolescent‐onsetCDand eitherADHDorASB. BothADHDand family dysfunction were significantly associated with the persistence of antisocial behavior into young adulthood.ConclusionsPhenotypic findings differentiated between childhood‐onset and adolescent‐onsetCD.ADHDand family dysfunction predicted persistence of antisocial behavior into young adulthood.
Using self‐reported callous‐unemotional traits to cross‐nationally assess the DSM‐5 ‘With Limited Prosocial Emotions’ specifier
Authors: Kimonis Eva R. , Fanti Kostas A. , Frick Paul J. , Moffitt Terrie E. , Essau Cecilia , Bijttebier Patricia , Marsee Monica A. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThe presence of callous‐unemotional (CU) traits designates an important subgroup of antisocial youth at risk for severe, persistent, and impairing conduct problems. As a result, the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual includes a specifier for youth meeting diagnostic criteria for Conduct Disorder who show elevated CU traits. The current study evaluated the DSM‐5 criteria using Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses and evaluated two methods for using a self‐report measure of CU traits to make this diagnosis.MethodsThe sample included 2257 adolescent (M age = 15.64, SD = 1.69 years) boys (53%) and girls (47%) from community and incarcerated settings in the United States and the European countries of Belgium, Germany, and Cyprus.ResultsIRT analyses suggested that four‐ or eight‐item sets from the self‐report measure (comparable to the symptoms used by the DSM‐5 specifier) provided good model fit, suggesting that they assess a single underlying CU construct. Further, the most stringent method of scoring the self‐report scale (i.e. taking only the most extreme responses) to approximate symptom presence provided the best discrimination in IRT analyses, showed reasonable prevalence rates of the specifier, and designated community adolescents who were highly antisocial, whereas the less stringent method best discriminated detained youth.ConclusionsRefined self‐report scales developed on the basis of IRT findings provided good assessments of most of the symptoms used in the DSM‐5 criteria. These scales may be used as one component of a multimethod assessment of the ‘With Limited Prosocial Emotions’ specifier for Conduct Disorder.
Development and psychometric testing of an instrument to measure safety climate perceptions in community pharmacy
Authors: Newham Rosemary , Bennie Marion , Maxwell David , Watson Anne , de Wet Carl , Bowie Paul 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesA positive and strong safety culture underpins effective learning from patient safety incidents in health care, including the community pharmacy (CP) setting. To build this culture, perceptions of safety climate must be measured with context‐specific and reliable instruments. No pre‐existing instruments were specifically designed or suitable for CP within Scotland. We therefore aimed to develop a psychometrically sound instrument to measure perceptions of safety climate within Scottish CPs.MethodsThe first stage, development of a preliminary instrument, comprised three steps: (i) a literature review; (ii) focus group feedback; and (iii) content validation. The second stage, psychometric testing, consisted of three further steps: (iv) a pilot survey; (v) a survey of all CP staff within a single health board in NHS Scotland; and (vi) application of statistical methods, including principal components analysis and calculation of Cronbach's reliability coefficients, to derive the final instrument.ResultsThe preliminary questionnaire was developed through a process of literature review and feedback. This questionnaire was completed by staff in 50 CPs from the 131 (38%) sampled. 250 completed questionnaires were suitable for analysis. Psychometric evaluation resulted in a 30‐item instrument with five positively correlated safety climate factors: leadership, teamwork, safety systems, communication and working conditions. Reliability coefficients were satisfactory for the safety climate factors (α > 0.7) and overall (α = 0.93).ConclusionsThe robust nature of the technical design and testing process has resulted in the development of an instrument with sufficient psychometric properties, which can be implemented in the community pharmacy setting in NHS Scotland.
Enhancement of innate immune system in monocot rice by transferring the dicotyledonous elongation factor Tu receptor EFR
Authors: Lu Fen , Wang Huiqin , Wang Shanzhi , Jiang Wendi , Shan Changlin , Li Bin , Yang Jun , Zhang Shiyong , Sun Wenxian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe elongation factor Tu (EF‐Tu) receptor (EFR) in cruciferous plants specifically recognizes the N‐terminal acetylated elf18 region of bacterial EF‐Tu and thereby activates plant immunity. It has been demonstrated that Arabidopsis EFR confers broad‐spectrum bacterial resistance in the EFR transgenic solanaceous plants. Here, the transgenic rice plants (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica cv. Zhonghua 17) and cell cultures with constitutive expression of AtEFR were developed to investigate whether AtEFR senses EF‐Tu and thus enhances bacterial resistance in the monocot plants. We demonstrated that the Xanthomonas oryzae‐derived elf18 peptide induced oxidative burst and mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation in the AtEFR transgenic rice cells and plants, respectively. Pathogenesis‐related genes, such as OsPBZ1, were upregulated dramatically in transgenic rice plant and cell lines in response to elf18 stimulation. Importantly, pretreatment with elf18 triggered strong resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae in the transgenic plants, which was largely dependent on the AtEFR expression level. These plants also exhibited enhanced resistance to rice bacterial brown stripe, but not to rice fungal blast. Collectively, the results indicate that the rice plants with heterologous expression of AtEFR recognize bacterial EF‐Tu and exhibit enhanced broad‐spectrum bacterial disease resistance and that pattern recognition receptor‐mediated immunity may be manipulated across the two plant classes, dicots and monocots.
Review of free software tools for image analysis of fluorescence cell micrographs
Authors: WIESMANN V. , FRANZ D. , HELD C. , MÜNZENMAYER C. , PALMISANO R. , WITTENBERG T. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAn increasing number of free software tools have been made available for the evaluation of fluorescence cell micrographs. The main users are biologists and related life scientists with no or little knowledge of image processing. In this review, we give an overview of available tools and guidelines about which tools the users should use to segment fluorescence micrographs. We selected 15 free tools and divided them into stand‐alone, Matlab‐based, ImageJ‐based, free demo versions of commercial tools and data sharing tools. The review consists of two parts: First, we developed a criteria catalogue and rated the tools regarding structural requirements, functionality (flexibility, segmentation and image processing filters) and usability (documentation, data management, usability and visualization). Second, we performed an image processing case study with four representative fluorescence micrograph segmentation tasks with figure‐ground and cell separation. The tools display a wide range of functionality and usability. In the image processing case study, we were able to perform figure‐ground separation in all micrographs using mainly thresholding. Cell separation was not possible with most of the tools, because cell separation methods are provided only by a subset of the tools and are difficult to parametrize and to use. Most important is that the usability matches the functionality of a tool. To be usable, specialized tools with less functionality need to fulfill less usability criteria, whereas multipurpose tools need a well‐structured menu and intuitive graphical user interface.
Loss of mitofusin 2 links beta‐amyloid‐mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and Cdk5‐induced oxidative stress in neuron cells
Authors: Park Junghyung , Choi Hoonsung , Min Ju‐Sik , Kim Bokyung , Lee Sang‐Rae , Yun Jong Won , Choi Myung‐Sook , Chang Kyu‐Tae , Lee Dong‐Seok 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in age‐related degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Maintenance of mitochondrial dynamics is essential for regulating mitochondrial function. Aβ oligomers (AβOs), the typical cause of AD, lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal loss. AβOs have been shown to induce mitochondrial fragmentation, and their inhibition suppresses mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Oxidative stress is one of the earliest hallmarks of AD. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) may cause oxidative stress by disrupting the antioxidant system, including Prx2. Cdk5 is also regarded as a modulator of mitochondrial fission; however, a precise mechanistic link between Cdk5 and mitochondrial dynamics is lacking. We estimated mitochondrial morphology and alterations in mitochondrial morphology‐related proteins in Neuro‐2a (N2a) cells stably expressing the Swedish mutation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is known to increase AβO production. We demonstrated that mitochondrial fragmentation by AβOs accompanies reduced mitofusin 1 and 2 (Mfn1/2) levels. Interestingly, the Cdk5 pathway, including phosphorylation of the Prx2‐related oxidative stress, has been shown to regulate Mfn1 and Mfn2 levels. Furthermore, Mfn2, but not Mfn1, over‐expression significantly inhibits the AβO‐mediated cell death pathway. Therefore, these results indicate that AβO‐mediated oxidative stress triggers mitochondrial fragmentation via decreased Mfn2 expression by activating Cdk5‐induced Prx2 phosphorylation.
image
Mitochondrial fragmentation induced by amyloid‐beta oligomer (AβOs) which is generated from the Swedish mutation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) accompanies reduced Mfn1/2 levels. Interestingly, the Cdk5 pathway, including phosphorylation of the Prx2‐related oxidative stress, has been shown to regulate Mfn1/2. Furthermore, Mfn2 over‐expression significantly inhibits the AβO‐mediated neuronal cells death pathway, but not Mfn1 over‐expression. Therefore, these results indicate that AβO‐mediated oxidative stress triggers mitochondrial fragmentation via decreased Mfn2 expression by activating Cdk5‐induced Prx2 phosphorylation. ATP, adenosine triphosphate; Bax, Bcl‐2‐associated X protein; Bcl‐2, B‐cell lymphoma 2; Cdk5, Cyclin‐dependent kinase; Cyt C, cytochrome C; Mfn2, mitofusin 2; Prx2, peroxiredoxin 2; ROS, reactive oxygen species.
The Role of Psychopathological and Personality Covariates in Orgasmic Difficulties: A Prospective Longitudinal Evaluation in a Cohort of Women from Age 30 to 50
Authors: Leeners Brigitte , Hengartner Michael P. , Rössler Wulf , Ajdacic-Gross Vladeta , Angst Jules 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Introduction
There are little published data on the prevalence of orgasmic difficulties in representative samples and no longitudinal data on the subject. In addition, our knowledge of the factors, which increase or protect against the risk of orgasmic difficulties, is still rudimentary.

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cumulative incidence rate and longitudinal course of orgasmic difficulties from age 30 to age 50, and the role of psychopathological and personality covariates in a representative population cohort of women.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews with single-item questions on sexual problems in general as well as on orgasmic difficulties were conducted. Psychopathological covariates were from the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised and personality characteristics from the Freiburg Personality Inventory. Coping resources were measured by the scales of mastery and self-esteem.

Main Outcome Measures
One-year prevalences of orgasmic difficulties, associations with psychopathological and personality covariates as well as coping resources were the main outcome measures.

Results
Orgasmic difficulties were reported annually by 7.4% to 13.5% of the women with a mean of 10.0% and a cumulative risk of 27.3% from age 30 to 50. No relation between age and the prevalence of orgasmic difficulties could be demonstrated. Psychopathological covariates such as depression, psychoticism, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and somatization were moderately associated with orgasmic difficulties. Also, personality traits, i.e., nervousness, aggressiveness, depressiveness, irritability, sociability, and openness, were related to orgasmic difficulties.

Conclusions
With a cumulative risk of 27.3%, orgasmic difficulties represent a frequent sexual problem. Annual prevalence rates are particularly high in women with psychopathological characteristics and modestly related to various personality traits. Our findings support the relevance of psychosocial factors in the regulation of female orgasm. More basic research is needed to better understand underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and to improve diagnostic as well as therapeutic tools for women suffering from orgasmic difficulties.
Acute Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and Exposure to Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors
Authors: Campbell Ulka B. , Walker Alexander M. , Gaffney Michael , Petronis Kenneth R. , Creanga Dana , Quinn Sheila , Klein Barbara E.K. , Laties Alan M. , Lewis Michael , Sharlip Ira D. , Kolitsopoulos Francesca , Klee Brian J. , Mo Jingping , Reynolds Robert F. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a rare visual disorder, has been reported in men using phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) for erectile dysfunction.

Aim
We examined whether intermittent use of PDE5i is associated with acute NAION onset within approximately five half-lives following drug ingestion.

Methods
One hundred two ophthalmology centers in the United States and Europe identified potential cases of NAION. An expert adjudication committee conducted a blind review of the records of those with recent PDE5i use to classify cases as Definite, Possible, or not NAION. Subjects provided information on PDEi use via telephone interview. Each NAION case’s PDE5i exposure immediately prior to onset was compared against his recent patterns of use in an observational case–crossover design. A sample size of 40 cases with intermittent PDE5i exposure in the 30 days prior to NAION onset was needed to detect an odds ratio (OR) of 3.0 with 80% power.

Main Outcome Measures
The daily relative risk for acute NAION on days within five half-lives of PDE5i use vs. other days was estimated via an OR obtained from conditional logistic regression.

Results
Among 43 Definite NAION cases with PDE5i exposure in the prior 30 days, the OR was 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 4.34). When 21 Possible NAION cases were included (n = 64), the OR was 2.36 (95% CI: 1.33, 4.19).

Conclusions
We found an approximately twofold increased risk of acute NAION within five half-lives of PDE5i use compared with use in a more prior time period. Bias from inaccurate recall of exposure was unlikely to have substantially affected the results. Based on our results, we estimate that weekly use of PDE5i adds three NAION cases per 100,000 men 50 years and older annually.
Moderate Role of Oxytocin in the Pro-Ejaculatory Effect of the 5-HT1A Receptor Agonist 8-OH-DPAT
Authors: de Jong Trynke R. , Neumann Inga D. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe neurobiological control of ejaculation is not completely understood. Both serotonin (5-HT) and oxytocin (OXT) play a role in the control of male sexual parameters, putatively via overlapping neuronal networks.AimThe aim of this study was to determine whether activation of 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1ARs) reduces the ejaculatory threshold via the direct activation of (OXT) neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN).MethodsIn experiment 1, male rats received acute bilateral infusions of the selective 5-HT1AR antagonist WAY-100635 (1 and 10 μg) or vehicle into the PVN, followed by acute subcutaneous (SC) injection of the potent 5-HT1AR agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.4 mg/kg) or saline. In experiment 2, male rats received acute bilateral infusions of 8-OH-DPAT (1 and 10 μg) or vehicle into the PVN. In experiment 3, male rats received acute intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of a selective OXT receptor antagonist (OXTR-A, 75 and 750 ng) followed by acute SC injection of 8-OH-DPAT (0.4 mg/kg) or saline. The effects of these drug treatments on sexual behavior were measured.Main Outcome MeasuresCopulation latency, ejaculation latency, mount and intromission frequency, and ejaculation frequency of sexually experienced adult male Wistar rats during 30-minute sexual behavior tests with a receptive female were the main outcome measures.ResultsMale sexual behavior was not affected by intra-PVN infusion of WAY-100635 or 8-OH-DPAT, or by ICV infusion of OXTR-A alone. However, the facilitation of ejaculation (reduced mount and intromission frequency and ejaculation latency) induced by systemic 8-OH-DPAT could be attenuated by either intra-PVN infusion of WAY-100635 or by ICV infusion of OXTR-A.ConclusionsActivation of OXT neurons plays a moderate role in the pro-ejaculatory effects of systemic 8-OH-DPAT, but extracellular 5-HT levels may influence the strength of the effects.