bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AvianPlasmodiumlineages found in spot surveys of mosquitoes from 2007 to 2010 at Sakata wetland, Japan: do dominant lineages persist for multiple years?
Authors: Kim K. S. , Tsuda Y. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe ecology and geographical distribution of disease vectors are major determinants of spatial and temporal variations in the transmission dynamics of vector‐borne pathogens. However, there are limited studies on the ecology of vectors that contribute to the natural transmission of most vector‐borne pathogens. AvianPlasmodiumparasites are multihost mosquito‐borne pathogens transmitted by multiple mosquito species, which might regulate the diversity and persistence of these parasites. From 2007 to 2010, we conducted entomological surveys at Sakata wetland in central Japan, to investigate temporal variation in mosquito occurrence and prevalence of avianPlasmodiumlineages in the mosquito populations. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based method was used to detectPlasmodiumparasites and identify the blood sources of mosquitoes.Culex inatomiiandC. pipiens pallensrepresented 60.0% and 34.8% of 11 mosquito species collected, respectively. Our results showed that the two dominant mosquito species most likely serve as principal vectors of avianPlasmodiumparasites during June, which coincides with the breeding season of bird species nesting in the wetland reed beds. Fourteen animal species were identified as blood sources of mosquitoes, with the oriental reed warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis) being the commonest blood source. Although there was significant temporal variation in the occurrence of mosquitoes and prevalence ofPlasmodiumlineages in the mosquitoes, the dominantPlasmodiumlineages shared by the two dominant mosquito species were consistently found at the same time during transmission seasons. Because vector competence cannot be confirmed solely byPCRapproaches, experimental demonstration is required to provide definitive evidence of transmission suggested in this study.
Testing a vapour‐phase model of stomatal responses to humidity
Authors: MOTT KEITH A. , PEAK DAVID 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis study tests two predictions from a recently proposed model for stomatal responses to humidity and temperature. The model is based on water potential equilibrium between the guard cells and the air at the bottom of the stomatal pore and contains three independent variables: gs0, Z and Θ. gs0 is the value of stomatal conductance that would occur at saturating humidity and will vary among leaves and with CO2 and light. The value of Z is determined primarily by the resistance to heat transfer from the epidermis to the evaporating site and the value of Θ is determined primarily by the resistance to water vapour diffusion from the evaporating site to the guard cells. This leads to the two predictions that were tested. Firstly, the values of Z and Θ should be constant for leaves of a given species grown under given conditions, although gs0 should vary among leaves and with light and CO2. And secondly, the ratio of Z to Θ should be higher in leaves having their stomata in crypts because the distance for heat transfer is greater than that for water vapour diffusion. Data from three species, Nerium oleander, Pastinaca sativum and Xanthium strumarium support these two predictions.
Midline Congenital Cervical Cleft Mimicking Linear Scleroderma
Authors: Méndez‐Gallart Roberto , Martinez Elina Estévez , Rodríguez‐Barca Pablo , Nallib Ihab Abdulkader , Bautista‐Casasnovas Adolfo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMidline congenital cervical cleft is an extremely uncommon anomaly of the neck. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported. It is usually described as a cervical scar‐like skin defect. We present a case of midline cervical cleft mimicking linear morphea and treated with topical steroids for 2 years. This is an unusual presentation of this entity that must be treated with surgical excision to confirm the diagnosis histopathologically.
Unilateral Striae Distensae Affecting the Right Axilla in a 16‐Year‐Old Boy: Brief Report
Authors: Alshaiji Jasem M. , Handler Marc Z. , Schwartzfarb Elissa , Izakovic Jan , Schachner Lawrence A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractStriae distensae or stretch marks are a common skin condition that occurs frequently in association with adolescent growth spurts and pregnancy. They are characterized by linear symmetrical asymptomatic smooth bands of atrophic‐appearing skin on the thighs, buttocks, and breasts in girls and on the shoulders, outer thighs, and lumbosacral areas in boys. We present a rare case of unilateral striae distensae affecting the right axilla in a 16‐year‐old boy.
Prostaglandin E2 receptors have differential effects on Leishmania major infection
Authors: Penke L. R. , Sudan R. , Sathishkumar S. , Saha B. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThrough their receptors, prostaglandins play crucial roles in various infections. Although prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is implicated as a susceptibility factor in Leishmania infection, the relative contributions of its four receptors – EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4 – to this infection remain unknown. We report that Leishmania major infection of BALB/c‐derived peritoneal macrophages up‐regulated EP1 and EP3 expressions but down‐regulated EP2 and EP4 expressions. EP2 and EP4 agonists reduced parasite load, but EP1 and EP3 agonists increased parasite load in macrophages in vitro. Agonists of EP2 and EP4, antagonists of EP1 and EP3, or lentivirally expressed EP1‐shRNA and EP3‐shRNA significantly reduced parasite burden in susceptible BALB/c mice. These novel data suggest differential regulation and counteractive functions of EP receptor subsets.
Virulence Meets Metabolism: Cra and KdpE Gene Regulation in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
Authors: Njoroge Jacqueline W. , Nguyen Y. , Curtis Meredith M. , Moreira Cristiano G. , Sperandio Vanessa 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Gastrointestinal (GI) bacteria sense diverse environmental signals as cues for differential gene regulation and niche adaptation. Pathogens such as enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(EHEC), which causes bloody diarrhea, use these signals for the temporal and energy-efficient regulation of their virulence factors. One of the main virulence strategies employed by EHEC is the formation of attaching and effacing (AE) lesions on enterocytes. Most of the genes necessary for the formation of these lesions are grouped within a pathogenicity island, the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), whose expression requires the LEE-encoded regulator Ler. Here we show that growth of EHEC in glycolytic environments inhibits the expression of
ler
and consequently all other LEE genes. Conversely, growth within a gluconeogenic environment activates expression of these genes. This sugar-dependent regulation is achieved through two transcription factors: KdpE and Cra. Both Cra and KdpE directly bind to the
ler
promoter, and Cra’s affinity to this promoter is catabolite dependent. Moreover, we show that the Cra and KdpE proteins interact
in vitro
and that KdpE’s ability to bind DNA is enhanced by the presence of Cra. Cra is important for AE lesion formation, and KdpE contributes to this Cra-dependent regulation. The deletion of
cra
and
kdpE
resulted in the ablation of AE lesions. One of the many challenges that bacteria face within the GI tract is to successfully compete for carbon sources. Linking carbon metabolism to the precise coordination of virulence expression is a key step in the adaptation of pathogens to the GI environment.

IMPORTANCE
An appropriate and prompt response to environmental cues is crucial for bacterial survival. Cra and KdpE are two proteins found in both nonpathogenic and pathogenic bacteria that regulate genes in response to differences in metabolite concentration. In this work, we show that, in the deadly pathogen enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(EHEC) O157:H7, which causes bloody diarrhea, these two proteins influence important virulence traits. We also propose that their control of one or more of these virulence traits is due to the direct interaction of the Cra and KdpE proteins with each other, as well as with their DNA targets. This work shows how EHEC coopts established mechanisms for sensing the metabolites and stress cues in the environment, to induce virulence factors in a temporal and energy-efficient manner, culminating in disease. Understanding how pathogens commandeer nonpathogenic systems can help us develop measures to control them.
Superior Penetration and Retention Behavior of 50 nm Gold Nanoparticles in Tumors
Authors: Huo Shuaidong , Ma Huili , Huang Keyang , Liu Juan , Wei Tuo , Jin Shubin , Zhang Jinchao , He Shengtai , Liang Xing-Jie 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Nanoparticles offer potential as drug delivery systems for chemotherapeutics based on certain advantages of molecular drugs. In this study, we report that particle size exerts great influence on the penetration and retention behavior of nanoparticles entering tumors. On comparing gold-coated Au@tiopronin nanoparticles that were prepared with identical coating and surface properties, we found that 50 nanoparticles were more effective in all in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays conducted using MCF-7 breast cells as a model system. Beyond superior penetration in cultured cell monolayers, 50 nm Au@tiopronin nanoparticles also penetrated more deeply into tumor spheroids ex vivo and accumulated more effectively in tumor xenografts in vivo after a single intravenous dose. In contrast, larger gold-coated nanoparticles were primarily localized in the periphery of the tumor spheroid and around blood vessels, hindering deep penetration into tumors. We found multicellular spheroids to offer a simple ex vivo tumor model to simulate tumor tissue for screening the nanoparticle penetration behavior. Taken together, our findings define an optimal smaller size for nanoparticles that maximizes their effective accumulation in tumor tissue. Cancer Res; 73(1); 319–30. ©2012 AACR.
Molecular Pathways: Understanding the Role of Rad52 in Homologous Recombination for Therapeutic Advancement
Authors: Lok Benjamin H. , Powell Simon N. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The Rad52 protein was largely ignored in humans and other mammals when the mouse knockout revealed a largely “no-effect” phenotype. However, using synthetic lethal approaches to investigate context-dependent function, new studies have shown that Rad52 plays a key survival role in cells lacking the function of the breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1)–BRCA2 pathway of homologous recombination. Biochemical studies also showed significant differences between yeast and human Rad52 (hRad52), in which yeast Rad52 can promote strand invasion of replication protein A (RPA)–coated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the presence of Rad51 but hRad52 cannot. This results in the paradox of how is hRad52 providing Rad51 function: presumably there is something missing in the biochemical assays that exists in vivo, but the nature of this missing factor is currently unknown. Recent studies have suggested that Rad52 provides back-up Rad51 function for all members of the BRCA1–BRCA2 pathway, suggesting that Rad52 may be a target for therapy in BRCA pathway–deficient cancers. Screening for ways to inhibit Rad52 would potentially provide a complementary strategy for targeting BRCA-deficient cancers in addition to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res; 18(23); 6400–6. ©2012 AACR.
Patterns of Stress Testing and Diagnostic Catheterization After Coronary Stenting in 250 350 Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Mudrick Daniel W. , Shah Bimal R. , McCoy Lisa A. , Lytle Barbara L. , Masoudi Frederick A. , Federspiel Jerome J. , Cowper Patricia A. , Green Cynthia , Douglas Pamela S. 
Published: October 2012

Background—
Patterns of noninvasive stress test (ST) and invasive coronary angiography (CA) utilization after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are not well described in older populations.

Methods and Results—

We linked National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry data with longitudinal Medicare claims data for 250 350 patients undergoing PCI from 2005 to 2007 and described subsequent testing and outcomes. Between 60 days post-PCI and end of follow-up (median 24 months), 49% (n=122 894) received ST first, 10% (n=25 512) underwent invasive CA first, and 41% (n=101 944) had no testing. Several clinical risk factors at time of index PCI were associated with decreased likelihood of downstream testing (ST or CA,
P
<0.05 for all), including older age (hazard ratio [HR] 0.784 per 10-year increase), male sex (HR 0.946), heart failure (HR 0.925), diabetes mellitus (HR 0.954), smoking (HR 0.804), and renal failure (HR 0.880). Fifteen percent of patients with ST first proceeded to subsequent CA within 90 days of testing (n=18 472/101 884); of these, 48% (n=8831) underwent revascularization within 90 days, compared with 53% (n=13 316) of CA first patients (
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions—
In this descriptive analysis, ST and invasive CA were common in older patients after PCI. Paradoxically, patients with higher risk features at baseline were less likely to undergo post-PCI testing. The revascularization yield was low on patients referred for ST after PCI, with only 9% undergoing revascularization within 90 days.
Effects of Working Full-Time and Studying in the Evening Hours Among Young Apprentices and Trainees
Authors: da Luz Andréa Aparecida , Vergueiro da Silva Miryam Cristina Mazieiro , Turte Samantha Lemos , Lopes Marildo de Oliveira , Fischer Frida Marina 
Published: October 2012

Objective: This research aims to assess apprentices’ and trainees’ work conditions, psychosocial factors at work, as well as health symptoms after joining the labor force. Background: Despite the fact that there are over 3.5 million young working students in Brazil, this increasing rate brings with it difficult working conditions such as work pressure, heavy workloads, and lack of safety training. Method: This study was carried out in a nongovernmental organization (NGO) with 40 young members of a first job program in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. They filled out a comprehensive questionnaire focused on sociodemographic variables, working conditions, and health symptoms. Individual and collective semi-structured interviews were conducted. Empirical data analysis was performed using analysis of content. Results: The majority of participants mentioned difficulties in dealing with the pressure and their share of responsibilities at work. Body pains, headaches, sleep deprivation during the workweek, and frequent colds were mentioned. Lack of appropriate task and safety training contributed to the occurrence of work injuries. Conclusion: Having a full-time job during the day coupled with evening high school attendance may jeopardize these people’s health and future. Application: This study can make a contribution to the revision and implementation of work training programs for adolescents. It can also help in the creation of more sensible policies regarding youth employment.
Facilitating Healthy Coping in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Thorpe Carolyn T. , Fahey Lauren E. , Johnson Heather , Deshpande Maithili , Thorpe Joshua M. , Fisher Edwin B. 
Published: October 2012

Purpose The purpose of this study is to summarize recent literature on approaches to supporting healthy coping in diabetes in 2 specific areas: (1) the impact of different approaches to diabetes treatment on healthy coping and (2) the effectiveness of interventions specifically designed to support healthy coping. Methods A PubMed search identified 129 articles published August 1, 2006, to April 30, 2011, addressing diabetes in relation to emotion, quality of life, depression, adjustment, anxiety, coping, family therapy, behavior therapy, psychotherapy, problem solving, couples therapy, or marital therapy. Results Evidence suggests that treatment choice may significantly influence quality of life, with treatment intensification in response to poor metabolic control often improving quality of life. The recent literature provides support for a variety of healthy coping interventions in diverse populations, including diabetes self-management education, support groups, problem-solving approaches, and coping skills interventions for improving a range of outcomes; cognitive behavior therapy and collaborative care for treating depression; and family therapy for improving coping in youths. Conclusions Healthy coping in diabetes has received substantial attention in the past 5 years. A variety of approaches show positive results. Research is needed to compare the effectiveness of different approaches in different populations and determine how to overcome barriers to intervention dissemination and implementation.
A Meta‐analysis of Voice Outcome Comparing Calcium Hydroxylapatite Injection Laryngoplasty to Silicone Thyroplasty
Authors: Shen Tianjie , Damrose Edward J. , Morzaria Sanjay 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo compare the voice outcome of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) injection laryngoplasty (IL) vs silicone medialization thyroplasty (MT) in the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).Data SourcesSystematic review of English literature from MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane library from January 1, 1980, to December 31, 2010.Review MethodsIncluded studies reporting voice‐related quality of life (Voice Handicap Inventory [VHI]) following IL with CaHA or MT with silicone. The primary outcome measure was the improvement in VHI. The secondary outcome was improvement in maximum phonatory time (MPT).ResultsOf the 742 abstracts screened for relevancy, 24 studies qualified for analysis. The mean (SD) VHI scores were 72.22 (11.06) before MT and 34.02 (6.48) after MT. The mean (SD) VHI scores were 68.36 (6.88) before IL and 32.24 (7.33) after IL. The paired difference mean of VHI improvement was 38.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.05‐59.32; P =. 007) for MT and 36.11 (95% CI, 29.65‐42.57; P =. 001) for IL. The mean (SD) MPT scores were 7.40 (3.14) before IL and 13.00 (1.75) after IL. The mean (SD) MPT scores were 6.16 (1.90) before MT and 12.40 (2.72) after MT. The paired difference mean of MPT improvement was 6.23 (95% CI, 4.74‐7.73; P <. 001) for MT and 5.60 (95% CI, 2.95‐8.25; P =. 006) for IL.ConclusionInjection laryngoplasty with CaHA and MT with silicone appear to achieve comparable voice improvement within 1 year, but a definitive conclusion is limited by a lack of standardized outcome measures.
Efficacy of 3 Different Steroid Treatments for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Lim Hye Jin , Kim Yun Tae , Choi Seong Jun , Lee Jong Bin , Park Hun Yi , Park Keehyun , Choung Yun‐Hoon 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesWe treated patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) with several protocols on an outpatient department (OPD) basis. The study compared the efficacy of 3 different steroid treatments for ISSNHL.Study DesignA prospective randomized controlled study.SettingTertiary referral center.MethodsA total of 60 patients diagnosed with ISSNHL were treated through OPD. They were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups based on therapy: oral steroid for 10 days (group I), intratympanic dexamethasone injection (ITDI) 4 times (group II), and both (group III). Pure‐tone average (PTA) was measured by taking 4 frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz). Hearing change was evaluated by comparing pre‐ and posttreatment PTAs. Recovery rate was assessed by American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) Clinical Practice Guidelines.ResultsThe hearing gain was 12.8 ± 15.4 decibels (dB) in group I, 12.1 ± 14.6 dB in group II, and 21.9 ± 26.2 dB in group III. The recovery rate was 60% in groups I and III and 55% in group II. The overall recovery rate was 58.3% (35 of 60 patients). There was no significant difference in hearing gain and recovery rates for the 3 groups. Frequency‐specific hearing gain also did not differ significantly among groups.ConclusionThree different treatment protocols (oral steroid, ITDI, or the combination) resulted in similar hearing recovery rates. Therefore, OPD‐based systemic and/or local steroid therapy can be recommended as an initial treatment in ISSNHL.
Prediction of cement damage for the Stanmore and Charnley femoral stems
Authors: Ramos António , Relvas Carlos , Completo António , Simões José A 
Published: October 2012

Charnley and Stanmore cemented femoral stems are of the most studied stems and in vivo long-term results up to 15 and 20 years, respectively, have been published. The in vitro study hereby described correlates biomechanical factors such as stem position in the femoral canal, cement thickness and fatigue cracks with in vivo published results. Four of each femoral stems were loaded and tested in fatigue simulating stair climbing during one million cycles at 2 Hz. After the fatigue experiments all implanted femurs were sectioned and analyzed. Correlation between in vivo long-term published results with debonding and cracking was performed. Finite element models of the Stanmore and Charnley stems were used to predict tensile and compression stresses in the cement mantle to detect the critical regions and correlate these with experimental results. Within the analysis of the sections we observed some defects relatively to the positioning of the stems. The Stanmore stem was mainly placed in a valgus position while the Charnley stem was in a varus position. The number of cracks in the stem–cement interface was more visible for the Charnley stems. The lateral aspect was the most critical since more cracks were visible. Cement damage was more pronounced proximally and especially where cancellous bone presents higher thickness. The stems presented different behaviors in the cement–bone interface. The finite element results showed agreement between the maximum principal stresses and the regions of more cracks. The in vitro results are comparable with long-term in vivo published results. The experimental study hereby described can be used as a pre-clinical test to predict the performance of new implants before being launched into the market.
Traumatic Pseudoaneurysm of the Posterior Tibial Artery Treated by Endovascular Coil Embolization
Authors: Singh Dishan , Ferero Andrea 
Published: October 2012

Pseudoaneurysms of the posterior tibial artery are rare, but a high index of suspicion should be maintained in evaluating patients who present with a painful swelling after arterial trauma. We report a case of a posterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm in a young patient sustained from a laceration and associated profuse arterial bleeding. Because of the risk of rupture and the presence of an infection and high venous flow, an embolization of the aneurysm proximally and distally was carried out after verifying that distal collateral circulation ensured foot vascularization. Endovascular treatment of a pseudoaneurysm seems to be a safe therapeutic and noninvasive choice, particularly in young patients in whom the presence of collaterals guarantees distal vascularization and in whom the procedure can be safely performed in the presence of a superficial wound infection. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV, Case Study