bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity and Firms’ Sales Destination: Chinese Characteristics
Authors: Bao Qun , Huang Jiuli , Wang Yanling 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the trade literature, it is often assumed that there is little or no trade cost within a country's borders, but large trade costs across a country's borders. Thus, productive firms self‐select into exporters and the less productive firms can only serve domestic consumers. This paper presents a similar but different case in China, whose domestic markets are segmented by provincial borders mainly owing to the various (hidden) protective measures favoring local firms. These discriminative measures are de facto trade barriers. It applies the heterogeneous trade theory to examine the effects of firms’ productivity on their sales choices in both the international and domestic markets, in the presence of intra‐national and international trade costs. We find that productive firms not only self‐select into exporters, but also into sales in other provincial markets. This pattern is sensitive to firms’ locations and ownerships. For foreign direct investment (FDI)‐controlled firms, increases in productivity are associated with a higher probability of selling into other provincial markets, rather than into international ones. Productivity increases for firms operating in the inland area exhibit different patterns than those in the Eastern area.
TRANSPARENT TESTA 13 is a tonoplast P3A‐ATPase required for vacuolar deposition of proanthocyanidins in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds
Authors: Appelhagen Ingo , Nordholt Niclas , Seidel Thorsten , Spelt Kees , Koes Ronald , Quattrochio Francesca , Sagasser Martin , Weisshaar Bernd 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIntracellular pH homeostasis is essential for all living cells. In plants, pH is usually maintained by three structurally distinct and differentially localized types of proton pump: P‐type H+‐ATPases in the plasma membrane, and multimeric vacuolar‐type H+‐ATPases (V‐ATPases) and vacuolar H+‐pyrophosphatases (H+‐PPases) in endomembranes. Here, we show that reduced accumulation of proanthocyanidins (PAs) and hence the diminished brown seed coloration found in the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant transparent testa 13 (tt13) is caused by disruption of the gene encoding the P3A‐ATPase AHA10. Identification of the gene encoded by the tt13 locus completes the molecular characterization of the classical set of transparent testa mutants. Cells of the tt13 seed coat endothelium do not contain PA‐filled central vacuoles as observed in the wild‐type. tt13 phenocopies tt12, a mutant that is defective in vacuolar import of the PA precursor epicatechin. Our data show that vacuolar loading with PA precursors depends on TT13. Consistent with the tt13 phenotype, but in contrast to other isoforms of P‐type H+‐ATPases, TT13 localizes to the tonoplast. PA accumulation in tt13 is partially restored by expression of the tonoplast localized H+‐PPase VHP1. Our findings indicate that the P3A‐ATPase TT13 functions as a proton pump in the tonoplast of seed coat endothelium cells, and generates the driving force for TT12‐mediated transport of PA precursors to the vacuole.
HSP33 in eukaryotes – an evolutionary tale of a chaperone adapted to photosynthetic organisms
Authors: Segal Na'ama , Shapira Michal 
Published: April 2015

SummaryHSP33 was originally identified in bacteria as a redox‐sensitive chaperone that protects unfolded proteins from aggregation. Here, we describe a eukaryote ortholog of HSP33 from the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which appears to play a protective role under light‐induced oxidizing conditions. The algal HSP33 exhibits chaperone activity, as shown by citrate synthase aggregation assays. Studies from the Jakob laboratory established that activation of the bacterial HSP33 upon its oxidation initiates by the release of pre‐bound Zn from the well conserved Zn‐binding motif Cys–X–Cys–Xn–Cys–X–X–Cys, and is followed by significant structural changes (Reichmann et al., ). Unlike the bacterial protein, the HSP33 from C. reinhardtii had lost the first cysteine residue of its center, diminishing Zn‐binding activity under all conditions. As a result, the algal protein can be easily activated by minor structural changes in response to oxidation and/or excess heat. An attempt to restore the missing first cysteine did not have a major effect on Zn‐binding and on the mode of activation. Replacement of all remaining cysteines abolished completely any residual Zn binding, although the chaperone activation was maintained. A phylogenetic analysis of the algal HSP33 showed that it clusters with the cyanobacterial protein, in line with its biochemical localization to the chloroplast. Indeed, expression of the algal HSP33 increases in response to light‐induced oxidative stress, which is experienced routinely by photosynthetic organisms. Despite the fact that no ortholog could be found in higher eukaryotes, its abundance in all algal species examined could have a biotechnological relevance.
Monthly blood transfusions decrease after four months of azacitidine
Authors: Tseng E. , Prica A. , Zhang L. , Mittmann N. , Seung S. J. , Callum J. , Kim T. , Wells R. A. , Buckstein R. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesAzacitidine (AZA) improves overall survival and transfusion independence in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We aimed to quantify the reduction in red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and to determine when this reduction occurs, in MDS patients treated with AZA.Materials and MethodsWe performed a retrospective audit of changes in RBC transfusion burden in 51 patients with predominantly higher risk MDS (26·5% high risk, 51·0% intermediate‐2) who received AZA. Transfusion requirements were audited 6 months prior to and up to 18 months after therapy initiation, and data were analysed using a generalized linear mixed model.ResultsAt baseline, 30 patients (58·8%) were transfusion dependent (TD). Seventeen patients (56·7%) achieved transfusion independence (TI) by 18 months, and 8 of these patients (47·1%) achieved this response by 4 months on therapy. Achievement of TI was not consistently durable in these 17 patients, as 11 patients reverted to TD while on therapy. Meanwhile, 6 of 21 patients who were TI at baseline became TD on therapy. The monthly average of RBC units transfused decreased significantly beginning at 4 months, with a reduction from 2·50 units per month at baseline to 1·00 units per month at month 4. This 60% reduction was significant (P = 0·002) and sustained beyond 12 months.ConclusionThese results bolster the notion that AZA significantly reduces transfusion burden and resource utilization and illustrate the limitations of the current WHO erythroid response criteria which do not account for differing durability and fluctuations of response.
A review of the history of the ISBT
Authors: Heier H. E. 
Published: April 2015

The history of the ISBT since its foundation in 1937 may be divided into four phases: (i) Formation and development (1935–1985), (ii) Years of crisis (1985–2000), (iii) Reformation (2000–2010), (iv) A professional organization (2010–present). While the ISBT was initially founded to organize congresses, today it stands forth as a global, diversified and respected scientific organization in the field of transfusion, also having an educational branch and governing international reference functions. During the last 25 years, women have taken a more prominent role in the organization. The challenge for the future is for ISBT to be the Society of first choice for professionals in the field of transfusion medicine and cellular therapies.
Awareness and practice of blood donation by college students in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elsafi S. H. , Al Zahrani M. J. , Al Zahrani E. M. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesStudies on the awareness and misconceptions of and the motivation towards blood donation by college students will help in the recruitment and retention of young donors, who are the best blood source. Such studies on female college students are lacking, especially in Saudi Arabia. This study includes both male and female college students in an attempt to identify barriers to donation.MethodsA stratified random sample of 444 college students from Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, was offered a questionnaire on the awareness and practice of blood donation, in February 2014. The results were analysed and statistically tested.ResultsOur respondents demonstrated good general knowledge about blood donation. Females had better knowledge than males. More than 80% of the students demonstrated a positive attitude which is also higher in females than males. Only 12·2% of the total had donated previously with males dominating. There was a poor rate of donor retention.ConclusionAwareness and motivation of the study group towards blood donation was good compared to many other studies worldwide. However, there is a failure to transfer this into actual blood donation. Lack of information and misconceptions, represented mainly by different fears, were the main donation barriers. The poor rate of female donation, compared to other countries, was due to the lack of accommodation facilities at the donation area, social factors and fears. Removal of donation barriers to improve donor recruitment and retention is discussed.
Reducing the risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion in the National Blood Center, Myanmar
Authors: Aung T. , Nozaki I. , Nwe Oo N. , Kyu Swe K. , Wada K. , Yoshihara N. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesPrevention of HIV transmission through blood transfusion is fundamental in both blood safety and HIV prevention. The aim of this study was to outline the measures taken by the National Blood Center, Myanmar to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.Materials and MethodsWe collected data from blood transfusion services at the National Blood Center during 2000‐2013 retrospectively, including data on the voluntary and replacement donor numbers and the HIV‐positivity rate identified in the blood screening.ResultsThe HIV screening‐positive donor proportion was remarkably reduced from 1.02% in 2000 to 0.18% in 2013, accompanied by an increase of voluntary donors along with other interventions such as donor deferral, computerized registration, and component preparation.ConclusionsImplementing the WHO‐recommended ordinary interventions could substantially reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Cover crops and mulches influence weed management and weed flora composition in strip‐tilled tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Campiglia E , Radicetti E , Mancinelli R 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis study was conducted in the Mediterranean environment of Central Italy from 2011 to 2013 with the aim of evaluating the effects of winter cover crops and their residues on weed composition in a cover crop‐tomato sequence. Treatments consisted of five soil managements (three cover crop species ‐ hairy vetch, phacelia, white mustard, winter fallow mulched with barley straw before tomato transplanting and conventionally tilled soil), two nitrogen fertilisation levels (0 and 100 kg N ha−1) and two weed management levels (weed free and weedy) on tomato. Cover crop residues were arranged in strips on the soil surface and then used as beds for transplanting the tomato seedlings in paired rows. Rotary hoeing was performed in the bare strips between paired tomato rows. At tomato harvesting, the weed aboveground biomass and density was higher in nitrogen‐fertilised tomato than unfertilised tomato, except in hairy vetch and barley straw that showed similar values. Hairy vetch used as a cover crop and dead mulch was the most suppressive species with the highest production of residues, while phacelia and mustard were not suitable for controlling weeds. The tomato yield was high in nitrogen fertilised and weed‐free treatments, except in barley straw mulch, which showed similar values among the weed management treatments. The mulch strips caused variations in weed species composition that was mainly composed of perennial ruderal weeds, while in tilled soil, the weed flora was dominated by annual photoblastic weeds.
Balancing Free Trade Principles with Other Constitutional Provisions in the Context of Preferential Trade Agreements
Authors: Lizarazo-Rodríguez Liliana , De Lombaerde Philippe 
Published: April 2015

Colombia’s Constitution of 1991 is an ambitious text which tries to strike a balance between laying a strong foundation for economic modernization and liberalization, on the one hand, and the creation of a Social State of Law and the protection of an impressive list of constitutional rights, on the other. Because of the doctrine that has been developed by the Constitutional Court since then, it has been considered as one of the most activist courts worldwide, next to courts such as the South African court. One of the factors that has thereby complicated its task is the fact that, since the 1990s, the government has actively multiplied its international economic commitments.
In this article, case law of the Colombian Constitutional Court is analyzed, with a focus on balancing: (a) between the binding character of (regional and bilateral) free trade commitments and the constitutional competences of the sub-national level, and (b) between international free trade commitments and the protection of constitutional social rights. Both cases shed light on the balancing task of the court in a complex international context, in the presence of a multi-level regulatory architecture.
Nonhydrostatic Wave Generation at Strained Fronts
Authors: Shakespeare Callum J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A simple analytical model is developed to describe wave generation during frontogenesis forced by a horizontal strain field. In contrast to previous models, neither geostrophic nor hydrostatic balance is assumed. The generated waves are trapped in the strain field and form steady bands of enhanced vertical flow on either side of the surface front on scales from 1 to 100 km. The predictions of the analytical model are confirmed by comparison with fully nonlinear numerical simulations.
Theoretical Principles of Simulation-Based Sales Communication Training
Authors: Koponen Jonna , Julkunen Saara 
Published: April 2015

Background. Simulation-based instruction can be applied successfully to communication skills training. However, communication skills training (CST) for salespeople is a somewhat underdeveloped area, and only limited knowledge of different theoretical approaches and their application to sales education is available. Aim. We introduce (a) situated learning theory (SLT), and connect it to the theoretical framework of communication in the disciplines (CID), and (b) principles of drama education. We apply these theories to simulation-based training in communication skills. Method. We use a Sales Theatre Workshop (STW) as an example to show how SLT and CID can guide instructional design. We explain how the principles of drama education guided the design of role-play with simulated clients and of a structured debriefing process. Results. Using SLT, the CID theoretical framework and the principles of drama education allowed successful communication learning in the STW. Following these theoretical ideas, we chose a specific communication context, created authentic client cases, emphasized reflective participation and a psychologically safe learning environment, and made the experience applicable to real sales situations. Conclusions. We conclude by stating how SLT and the principles of drama education can be applied to simulation-based training. We propose more investigation of the debriefing process as a subject for future research.
Investigation of inherited diseases in cats
Authors: Gandolfi Barbara , Alhaddad Hasan 
Published: April 2015

Practical relevance: The health of the cat mirrors a complex interaction between its environment (nurture) and its genetics (nature). To date, over 70 genetic mutations (variants) have been defined in the cat; many involve diseases, structural anomalies, coat color and texture, including numerous that are clinically relevant. This trend will continue as more of the feline genome is deciphered. Genetic testing, and eventually whole-genome sequencing, should become routine diagnostic tools in feline healthcare within the foreseeable future. Global importance: Cat breeds have dispersed around the world. Thus, feline medicine clinicians should be aware of breeds common to their region and common mutations found within those regional populations. Random-bred populations of domestic cats can also have defined genetic characteristics and mutations, which are equally worthy of understanding by feline medicine clinicians. Outline: This article reviews the chronology and evolution of genetic and genomic tools pertinent to feline medicine. Possible strategies for mapping genetic traits and defects, and how these impact on feline health, are also discussed. The focus is on three historical periods: (1) research conducted before the availability of the cat genome; (2) research performed immediately after the availability of sequences of the cat genome; and (3) current research that goes beyond one cat genome and utilizes the genome sequences of many cats. Evidence base: The data presented are extracted from peer-reviewed publications pertaining to mutation identification, and relevant articles concerning heritable traits and/or diseases. The authors draw upon their personal experience and expertise in feline genetics.
Minimally invasive surgery for pedal digital deformity: an audit of complications using national benchmark indicators
Authors: Gilheany Mark , Baarini Omar , Samaras Dean 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing global interest and performance of minimally invasive foot surgery (MIS) however, limited evidence is available in relation to complications associated with MIS for digital deformity correction. The aim of this prospective audit is to report the surgical and medical complications following MIS for digital deformity against standardised clinical indicators.MethodsA prospective clinical audit of 179 patients who underwent MIS to reduce simple and complex digital deformities was conducted between June 2011 and June 2013. All patients were followed up to a minimum of 12 months post operatively. Data was collected according to a modified version of the Australian Council of Healthcare standards (ACHS) clinical indicator program. The audit was conducted in accordance with the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) guidelines on clinical audit.ResultsThe surgical complications included 1 superficial infection (0.53%) and 2 under‐corrected digits (0.67%), which required revision surgery. Two patients who underwent isolated complex digital corrections had pain due to delayed union (0.7%), which resolved by 6 months post‐op. No neurovascular compromise and no medical complications were encountered. The results compare favourably to rates reported in the literature for open reduction of digital deformity.ConclusionThis audit has illustrated that performing MIS to address simple and complex digital deformity results in low complication rates compared to published standards. MIS procedures were safely performed in a range of clinical settings, on varying degrees of digital deformity and on a wide range of ages and health profiles. Further studies investigating the effectiveness of these techniques are warranted and should evaluate long term patient reported outcome measures, as well as developing treatment algorithms to guide clinical decision making.
Evaluation of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole encapsulated biomimetic nanomatrix gel on
Enterococcus faecalis
and
Treponema denticola
Authors: Kaushik Sagar N , Scoffield Jessica , Andukuri Adinarayana , Alexander Grant C , Walker Taneidra , Kim Seokgon , Choi Sung Chul , Brott Brigitta C , Eleazer Paul D , Lee Jin-Yong , Wu Hui , Childers Noel K , Jun Ho-Wook , Park Jae-Hong , Cheon Kyounga 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background

A triple antibiotic mixture (ciprofloxacin; CF, metronidazole; MN, and minocycline; MC) has been used for dental root canal medicaments in pulp regeneration therapy. However, tooth discolorations, cervical root fractures, and inadequate pulp-dentin formation have been reported due to the triple antibiotic regimen. Therefore, an antibiotic encapsulated biomimetic nanomatrix gel was developed to minimize the clinical limitations and maximize a natural healing process in root canal infections. In this study, minimal bacterial concentrations (MBC) of the selected antibiotics (CF and MN) were tested in 14 representative endodontic bacterial species. Then MBC of each CF and MN were separately encapsulated within the injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel to evaluate antibacterial level on
Enterococcus faecalis
and
Treponema denticola
.

Results

Antibiotic concentrations lower than 0.2 μg/mL of CF and MN demonstrated antibacterial activity on the 14 endodontic species. Furthermore, 6 different concentrations of CF and MN separately encapsulated with the injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel demonstrated antibacterial activity on
Enterococcus faecalis
and
Treponema denticola
at the lowest tested concentration of 0.0625 μg/mL.

Conclusions
These results suggest that each CF and MN encapsulated within the injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel demonstrated antibacterial effects, which could be effective for the root canal disinfection while eliminating MC. In the long term, the antibiotic encapsulated injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel can provide a multifunctional antibiotic delivery method with potential root regeneration. Further studies are currently underway to evaluate the effects of combined CF and MN encapsulated within the injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel on clinical samples.
First Record of Pediobius pyrgo Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in South America and its Emergence from Egg Sacs of Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch (Araneae: Theridiidae)
Authors: Schoeninger Karine , Pádua Diego Galvão de , Salvatierra Lidianne , Oliveira Marcio Luiz de 
Published: April 2015

We record the first time the occurrence of Pediobius pyrgo (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for South America. This is also the first report of P. pyrgo emerging from egg sacs of Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch (Araneae: Theridiidae).

Primeiro Registro de Pediobius pyrgo (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) na América do Sul e sua Emergência em Sacos de Ovos de Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch (Araneae: Theridiidae)
Resumo. Registramos pela primeira vez a ocorrência de Pediobius pyrgo (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) para a América do Sul. Este também é o primeiro relato de P. pyrgo emergindo de sacos de ovos de Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch (Araneae: Theridiidae).