bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma lactate concentration as an indicator of plasma caffeine concentration in acute caffeine poisoning
Authors: Morita Seiji , Yamagiwa Takeshi , Aoki Hiromichi , Sakurai Keiji , Inokuchi Sadaki 
Published: April 2014

AimSevere caffeine poisoning is rare, but is associated with high mortality. Plasma caffeine concentration is one of the indications of treatment of caffeine poisoning; however, it is not easily measured at most emergency departments. If the plasma lactate concentration and the plasma caffeine concentration were correlated, the plasma lactate concentration may be an indication of caffeine poisoning. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the plasma lactate concentration and the plasma caffeine concentration.MethodsFrom April 2010 to March 2012, 18 patients with severe caffeine poisoning by overdose were admitted at our Emergency Center. The plasma lactate concentration and plasma caffeine concentration of 10 patients were determined at the same time at 12–24 h after admission. These findings were plotted and we analyzed the correlation and trends in these concentrations.ResultsThere were strong correlations between the plasma lactate concentration and the plasma caffeine concentration at admission (n = 18) and at 12–24 h after admission (n = 10) (correlation coefficients, 0.95 and 0.91, respectively). There was a strong positive correlation between the trend of the plasma lactate concentration and the plasma caffeine concentration (n = 10). The correlation coefficient was 0.91.ConclusionThese results are extremely beneficial for emergency department clinical physicians because such findings permit the determination of the severe caffeine poisoning patient. Additionally, the plasma lactate concentration might be one of the indicators of hospitalization and discharge.
Successful treatment of septic shock due to New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase‐1‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a patient transferred from India to Japan
Authors: Kano Hideki , Hirakawa Akihiko , Miyabe Hiromiti , Hattori Tomonori , Mikamo Hiroshige , Yoshida Shunji , Takeyama Naoshi 
Published: April 2014

CaseHere we report the fifth case of New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase‐1‐producing Enterobacteriaceae infection in Japan. A 39‐year‐old Japanese man suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of aneurysm in India. Once he was deemed stable enough, he was transferred from a hospital in India to our hospital in Japan. On day 5 after transfer, the patient suddenly developed septic shock and multidrug‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from a blood culture.OutcomeTreatment with colistin and high‐dose meropenem as well as organ support were initiated, resulting in successful resolution of septic shock. This K. pneumoniae was shown to carry blaNDM‐1 by polymerase chain reaction analysis.ConclusionOur case suggests that New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase‐1‐producing bacteria could be introduced into Japan easily. It is important to apply strict surveillance and infection control measures to prevent the spread of carbapenem resistance genes to Enterobacteriaceae in Japan.
Protocol for splenic salvage procedures in this era of non‐operative management
Authors: Mitsusada Makoto , Nakajima Yasushi 
Published: April 2014

AimThe increased prevalence of non‐operative management of splenic injuries contributes to the infrequent use of salvage procedures. Nevertheless, salvage procedures are sometimes required. The study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of our salvage procedure protocol for selected patients.MethodsThis retrospective study included 27 splenic injury patients divided into two groups: those treated by salvage procedures (splenorrhaphy or partial resection) and those who underwent splenectomy. Our salvage procedure protocol was applied in the following situations: if hemodynamics were stable during laparotomy or bleeding was fully controlled by manual or incisional mobilization of the organ, when no more than two other organs required repair, and if no clinical coagulopathy existed.ResultsThe splenic abbreviated injury scale, intraoperative bleeding, and transfusion requirements of packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma requirements in 24 h were significantly lower in the salvage procedure group. There was no difference in the injury severity score, initial amount of bleeding, length of intensive care unit stay, or morbidity and mortality rates between the groups. Patients who underwent salvage procedures were managed without major complication, except one pseudoaneurysm case.ConclusionWe confirmed the feasibility of our salvage procedure protocol for selected patients, particularly for those with simple or lower grade injuries.
Methanolysis of poly(lactic acid) using acidic functionalized ionic liquids as catalysts
Authors: Song Xiuyan , Wang Hui , Zheng Xiaodi , Liu Fusheng , Yu Shitao 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe methanolysis of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was studied by using acidic ionic liquids (ILs) as catalyst in detail. The results showed that HSO3‐functionalized ILs exhibited higher catalytic activity than non‐functionalized ILs and traditional acid catalyst such as H2SO4. The influences of experimental parameters, such as the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, methanolysis time, and dosages of methanol on the conversion of PLA, yield of methyl lactate were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, using 1‐methyl‐3‐(3‐sulfopropyl)‐immidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([HSO3‐pmim][HSO4]) as catalyst, the IL could be reused up to six times without apparent decrease in the conversion of PLA and yield of methyl lactate. The kinetics of the reaction was also investigated. The results indicated that the methanolysis of PLA in [HSO3‐pmim][HSO4] was a first‐order kinetic reaction with activation energy of 47.01 kJ/mol and Arrhenius constant of 2.7 × 107 min−1. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40817.
Encapsulation Enhanced Dimerization of a Series of 4‐Aryl‐N‐Methylpyridinium Derivatives in Water: New Building Blocks for Self‐Assembly in Aqueous Media
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhou Tian‐You , Zhang Kang‐Da , Dai Jin‐Ling , Zhu Yuan‐Yuan , Zhao Xin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe construction of supramolecular systems in aqueous media is still a great challenge owing to the limited sources of building blocks. In this study, a series of 4‐aryl‐N‐methylpyridinium derivatives have been synthesized. They formed very stable host–guest (1:2) complexes with CB[8] in water (binding constants up to 1014 M−2) with the two guest molecules arranged in a head‐to‐tail manner and the complexes showed high thermostability, which was revealed by 1H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopic studies, ITC, and crystallographic analysis.
Antidiabetic effect of nepodin, a component of Rumex roots, and its modes of action in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ha Byung Geun , Yonezawa Takayuki , Son Myoung Jin , Woo Je Tae , Ohba Shinsuke , Chung Ung‐Il , Yagasaki Kazumi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMany active components derived from edible natural resources such as plant extracts have recently attracted attention for their potential use as functional foods or drugs for preventing and treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes. To obtain a novel modulator of glucose metabolism, we conducted screening of a small compound library in cultured L6 myotubes. We identified nepodin that stimulated glucose uptake dose‐dependently in differentiated L6 myotubes. The stimulatory effect of nepodin on glucose uptake was abrogated by a 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. In addition, nepodin stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK. Nepodin also stimulated the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in L6 myoblasts transfected with a Glut4 cDNA‐coding vector and in differentiated L6 myotubes. In in vivo study, nepodin suppressed the increases in fasting blood glucose levels and improved the glucose intolerance of C57BL/KsJ‐db/db mice, a type 2 diabetic animal model. Nepodin rescued the impaired phosphorylation of AMPK in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice. These results suggest that nepodin has an antidiabetic effect, which is at least partly mediated by stimulation of GLUT4 translocation via AMPK activation by nepodin. © 2014 BioFactors, 40(4):436–447, 2014
Engineering the productivity of recombinant Escherichia coli for limonene formation from glycerol in minimal media
Authors: Willrodt Christian , David Christian , Cornelissen Sjef , Bühler Bruno , Julsing Mattijs K. , Schmid Andreas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe efficiency and productivity of cellular biocatalysts play a key role in the industrial synthesis of fine and bulk chemicals. This study focuses on optimizing the synthesis of (S)‐limonene from glycerol and glucose as carbon sources using recombinant Escherichia coli. The cyclic monoterpene limonene is extensively used in the fragrance, food, and cosmetic industries. Recently, limonene also gained interest as alternative jet fuel of biological origin. Key parameters that limit the (S)‐limonene yield, related to genetics, physiology, and reaction engineering, were identified. The growth‐dependent production of (S)‐limonene was shown for the first time in minimal media. E. coli BL21 (DE3) was chosen as the preferred host strain, as it showed low acetate formation, fast growth, and high productivity. A two‐liquid phase fed‐batch fermentation with glucose as the sole carbon and energy source resulted in the formation of 700 mg Lorg–1 (S)‐limonene. Specific activities of 75 mU gcdw–1 were reached, but decreased relatively quickly. The use of glycerol as a carbon source resulted in a prolonged growth and production phase (specific activities of ≥50 mU gcdw–1) leading to a final (S)‐limonene concentration of 2,700 mg Lorg–1. Although geranyl diphosphate (GPP) synthase had a low solubility, its availability appeared not to limit (S)‐limonene formation in vivo under the conditions investigated. GPP rerouting towards endogenous farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) formation also did not limit (S)‐limonene production. The two‐liquid phase fed‐batch setup led to the highest monoterpene concentration obtained with a recombinant microbial biocatalyst to date.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of trainee- versus expert surgeon-performed colorectal resection
Authors: Kelly M , Bhangu A , Singh P , Fitzgerald J E F , Tekkis P P 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare short-term and oncological outcomes following colorectal resection performed by surgical trainees and expert surgeons.

Methods
Systematic literature searches were made to identify articles on colorectal resection for benign or malignant disease published until April 2013. The primary outcome was the rate of anastomotic leak. Secondary outcomes were intraoperative variables, postoperative adverse event rates, and early and late oncological outcomes. Odds ratios (ORs), weighted mean differences (WMDs) and hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes were calculated using meta-analytical techniques.

Results
The final analysis included 19 non-randomized, observational studies of 14 344 colorectal resections, of which 8845 (61·7 per cent) were performed by experts and 5499 (38·3 per cent) by trainees. The overall rate of anastomotic leak was 2·6 per cent. Compared with experts, trainees had a lower leak rate (3·0 versus 2·0 per cent; OR 0·72, P = 0·010), but there was no difference between experts and expert-supervised trainees (3·2 versus 2·5 per cent; OR 0·77, P = 0·080). A subgroup of expert-supervised trainees had a significantly longer operating time for laparoscopic procedures (WMD 10·00 min, P &lt; 0·001), lower 30-day mortality (OR 0·70, P = 0·001) and lower wound infection rate (OR 0·67, P = 0·040) than experts. No difference was observed in laparoscopic conversion, R0 resection or local recurrence rates. For oncological resection, there was no significant difference in cancer-specific survival between trainees and consultants (3 studies, 533 patients; hazard ratio 0·76, P = 0·130).

Conclusion
In selected patients, it is appropriate for supervised trainees to perform colorectal resection.
Blood clearance of Howell–Jolly bodies in an experimental autogenic splenic implant model
Authors: Marques R G , Lucena S B S G , Caetano C E R , de Sousa V Oliveira , Portela M C , Petroianu A 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundAutogenic splenic implant (ASI) is one of the few alternatives for preservation of splenic tissue when total splenectomy is inevitable. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological and functional regeneration of ASIs, as indicated by the clearance of Howell–Jolly (HJ) bodies, in an experimental model.MethodsNinety-nine male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated (group 1), total splenectomy alone (group 2), and total splenectomy combined with ASI (group 3). Animals in group 3 were further allocated to nine subgroups of nine rats each, and analysed at different time points (1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 weeks after surgery). Blood smears were prepared at predetermined times for detection of HJ bodies. Morphological regeneration of tissue in the ASI was analysed by histology.ResultsAt 1 week, the regenerated mass corresponded to about 7 per cent of the tissue implanted, reaching approximately 54 per cent at 24 weeks. The HJ body levels were increased in groups 2 and 3 until 8 weeks after surgery, following which levels in the ASI group became similar to those in the sham-operated group. HJ bodies were difficult to detect when a level of 22·5 per cent of regenerated ASI mass was reached.ConclusionFunctional regeneration of ASIs occurred from 8 weeks after surgery. When 22·5 per cent of regenerated ASI mass was reached almost no HJ bodies could be observed in the bloodstream, resembling a spleen in situ.Surgical relevanceSplenectomy has been practised routinely, both in the emergency setting and as a therapeutic elective procedure. There is a correlation between asplenia/hyposplenia and the occurrence of fulminant sepsis, underlining the importance of developing surgical methods for preserving splenic function.Both clinical and experimental studies have shown at least partial morphological and functional regeneration of autogenic splenic implants (ASIs). Experimental studies investigating the immunoprotective effect of ASIs, based mostly on exposure of animals to various bacteria, have demonstrated that ASIs can increase the rate of bacterial clearance and decrease mortality from sepsis. Clinical studies have shown their ability to remove colloidal substances and altered erythrocyte corpuscular inclusions, such as Howell–Jolly, Heinz and Pappenheimer bodies, from the bloodstream. In this experimental study the functional and morphological regeneration of ASIs was studied over time in rats.
Cost-effectiveness of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for mild acute gallstone pancreatitis
Authors: Morris S , Gurusamy K S , Patel N , Davidson B R 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundA recent Cochrane review suggested that laparoscopic cholecystectomy carried out early following mild gallstone pancreatitis was safe. This study compared the cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed within 3 days of admission, during the same admission but after more than 3 days, or electively in a subsequent admission.MethodsA model-based cost–utility analysis was performed estimating mean costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) per patient in the UK National Health Service with a 1-year time horizon. A decision tree model was constructed and populated with probabilities, outcomes and cost data from published sources for mild gallstone pancreatitis, including one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe costs of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed within 3 days of admission, beyond 3 days but in the same admission, and electively in a subsequent admission were €2748, €3543 and €3752 respectively; the QALYs were 0·888, 0·888 and 0·884 respectively. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy had a 91 per cent probability of being cost-effective at the maximum willingness to pay for a QALY commonly used in the UK. It is acknowledged that many hospitals do not have access to magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, especially at weekends, and that implementing a 3-day target is unrealistic without allocating new resources that could erode the cost-effectiveness.ConclusionPerforming laparoscopic cholecystectomy for mild gallstone pancreatitis within 3 days of admission is cost-effective, but may not be feasible without significant resource allocation. After 3 days there is little financial advantage to same-admission operation.
Vesicle Structures from Bolaamphiphilic Biosurfactants: Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies on the Effect of Unsaturation on Sophorolipid Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Dhasaiyan Prabhu , Pandey Prithvi Raj , Visaveliya Nikunjkumar , Roy Sudip , Prasad B. L. V. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe formation of giant‐vesicle‐like structures by self‐assembling linolenic acid sophorolipid (LNSL) molecules is revealed. Sophorolipids belong to the class of bolaamphiphilic glycolipid biosurfactants. Interestingly, the number of double bonds present in the hydrophobic core of sophorolipids is seen to have a great influence on the type of self‐assembled structures formed. Dye encapsulation results establish the presence of an aqueous compartment inside the LNSL vesicles. Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) studies suggest the existence of two possible conformations of LNSLs inside the self‐assembled structures and that LNSL molecules arrange in layered structures.
Synthesis and Properties of Semiconducting Bispyrrolothiophenes for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Jones Crystalann , Boudinet Damien , Xia Yu , Denti Mitch , Das Adita , Facchetti Antonio , Driver Tom G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA series of new highly soluble bispyrrolothiophenes were synthesized from vinyl azides by using transition‐metal‐catalyzed CH‐bond functionalization. In addition to modifying the substituents present on the end‐pyrrolothiophene moieties, the arene linker in between the two units was also varied. The solution‐state properties and field‐effect‐transistor (FET) electrical behavior of these bispyrrolothiophenes was compared. Our investigations identified that the optical properties and oxidation potential of our compounds were dominated by the pyrrolothiophene unit with a λmax value of approximately 400 nm and oxidation at approximately 1 V. FET devices constructed with thin films of these bispyrrolothiophenes were also fabricated by means of thin‐film solution processing. One of these compounds, a bispyrrolothiophene linked with benzothiodiazole, exhibits a mobility of approximately 0.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and the Ion/Ioff value is greater than 106.
Sustainable Heterogeneous Platinum Catalyst for Direct Methylation of Secondary Amines by Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen
Authors: Kon Kenichi , Siddiki S. M. A. Hakim , Onodera Wataru , Shimizu Ken‐ichi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPt and MoOx co‐loaded TiO2 is found to be highly effective for direct methylation of aliphatic and aromatic secondary amines by CO2 and H2 under solvent‐free conditions. This is the first additive‐free and reusable heterogeneous catalytic system with acceptable turnover number.
Thermal Ethane Activation by Bare [V2O5]+ and [Nb2O5]+ Cluster Cations: on the Origin of Their Different Reactivities
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Nan , Tang Shi‐Ya , Zhao Hai‐Tao , Weiske Thomas , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe gas‐phase reactivity of [V2O5]+ and [Nb2O5]+ towards ethane has been investigated by means of mass spectrometry and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The two metal oxides give rise to the formation of quite different reaction products; for example, the direct room‐temperature conversions C2H6→C2H5OH or C2H6→CH3CHO are brought about solely by [V2O5]+. In distinct contrast, for the couple [Nb2O5]+/C2H6, one observes only single and double hydrogen‐atom abstraction from the hydrocarbon. DFT calculations reveal that different modes of attack in the initial phase of CH bond activation together with quite different bond‐dissociation energies of the MO bonds cause the rather varying reactivities of [V2O5]+ and [Nb2O5]+ towards ethane. The gas‐phase generation of acetaldehyde from ethane by bare [V2O5]+ may provide mechanistic insight in the related vanadium‐catalyzed large‐scale process.
Nucleophilic Difluoromethylation of Epoxides with PhSO(NTBS)CF2H by a Preorganization Strategy
Authors: Shen Xiao , Liu Qinghe , Luo Tao , Hu Jinbo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractUnlike the facile synthesis of β‐monofluoromethyl alcohols by nucleophilic monofluoromethylation of epoxides, the synthesis of β‐difluoromethyl alcohols by nucleophilic difluoromethylation of epoxides still remains a challenge. Herein, studies on tackling this problem with PhSO(NTBS)CF2H (2; TBS=tert‐butyldimethylsilyl) are reported. The preorganization of 2 and epoxides with BF3⋅Et2O was found to be crucial for the reaction. The reaction shows excellent regioselectivity and has a broad substrate scope. The facile transformation of the ring‐opened products to β‐difluoromethyl, γ‐difluoromethyl, and β‐difluoromethylenyl alcohols demonstrates the synthetic utility of the reaction.
Copper‐Free Click‐Chemistry Platform to Functionalize Cisplatin Prodrugs
Authors: Pathak Rakesh K. , McNitt Christopher D. , Popik Vladimir V. , Dhar Shanta 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe ability to rationally design and construct a platform technology to develop new platinum(IV) [PtIV] prodrugs with functionalities for installation of targeting moieties, delivery systems, fluorescent reporters from a single precursor with the ability to release biologically active cisplatin by using well‐defined chemistry is critical for discovering new platinum‐based therapeutics. With limited numbers of possibilities considering the sensitivity of PtIV centers, we used a strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition approach to provide a platform, in which new functionalities can easily be installed on cisplatin prodrugs from a single PtIV precursor. The ability of this platform to be incorporated in nanodelivery vehicle and conjugation to fluorescent reporters were also investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the A6B5O18 Perovskite‐Like Compounds.
Authors: Polubinskii V. V. , Titov Y. A. , Belyavina N. M. , Markiv V. Ya. , Slobodyanik M. S. , Chumak V. V. , Nakonechna O. I. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSingle phase Ba5KNb5O18 (I) is prepared by solid state reaction of Ba5Nb4O15 and KNbO3 (1370 K, 2 h), while Sr6Nb4SnO18 (II) results from calcination of the coprecipitated metal hydroxycarbonates (1570 K, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction Investigation of the Reversible Order‐Disorder Phase Transition in Iron‐Deficient TlFe2‐xSe2.
Authors: Ahrens E. , Nitsche F. , Doert Th. , Ruck M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSingle crystals of TlFe2‐xSe2 (x ≈ 0.4) are grown by first melting the elements (evacuated silica ampule, 900 °C) and then heating in a Bridgman furnace (850 °C, ampule traction of 1 mm/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Persistent Luminescence, and Thermoluminescence Properties of Yellow Sr3SiO5:Eu2+,RE3+ (RE: Ce, Nd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) and Orange‐Red Sr3‐xBaxSiO5:Eu2+, Dy3+ Phosphor.
Authors: Li Ye , Li Baohong , Ni Chenchen , Yuan Shuxia , Wang Jing , Tang Qiang , Su Qiang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe title phosphors are prepared by solid state reactions of SrCO3, BaCO3, SiO2, and rare earth oxides (600 °C for 2 h in air and sintering at 1500 °C for 6 h under N2/H2 atmosphere).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a New Aluminophosphate with a Al3P6O249‐ Three‐Dimensional Framework.
Authors: Wang Ying , Pan Shilie , Han Shujuan , Dong Lingyun , Zhang Min , Wu Kui 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPolycrystalline samples of the new compound K6Na3Al3P6O24 are synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of NaNO3, KNO3, Al(NO3)3·9H2O, and NH4H2PO4 (alumina crucible, 620 °C, 2 d).