bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A content analysis of television food advertising to children: comparing low and general‐nutrition food
Authors: Kim Hyuksoo , Lee Doohwang , Hong Yangsun , Ahn Jungsun , Lee Ki‐Young 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTelevision food advertisements targeted at children were content analysed. Data were collected on four major children's cable television channels in the United States aired during the hours of 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. over the period of 23 August to 5 September 2012. Based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion, the study identified a variety of persuasive appeals with central and peripheral cues in the child‐targeted food commercials. Further, it investigated how the central and peripheral cues in the appeals were differently associated with low‐nutrition and general‐nutrition food commercials. Overall, the findings showed that general‐nutrition food commercials used persuasive appeals with central cues more frequently than low‐nutrition food commercials. Theoretical, practical and regulatory implications are discussed.
The Priesthood of No Believer: On the Priesthood of Christ and his Church
Authors: Greggs Tom 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article seeks to begin to rebalance the relative neglect over the past fifty years of the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers, a doctrine which is central to non‐episcopal forms of Protestantism. However, in so doing, the article seeks to offer a corrective to traditional accounts of the doctrine. Critiquing the tendency for the priesthood of all believers to enter discussion in relation to ecclesial polity rather than more fundamental theological concerns, the article advocates that the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers needs to be considered theologically in terms of what it says about the nature of the church, not the polity of the patterns of its ministry. The article traces the evolution of the idea of priesthood through the Levitical priesthood and New Testament to the early church. It then considers the recovery of the idea of priesthood belonging to the whole church at the Reformation; but argues that even here the magisterial Reformers' ecclesial‐political setting determines that they largely treat the priesthood of all believers as a negative doctrine about church order, and, indeed, that the relation of the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers to issues of ecclesial polity and governance continues in contemporary ecclesiological discussion. This is to the detriment of the positive theological content that identifying the church as a priesthood might offer. Thus, the concluding section of this article sketches what positive theological content might be provided in speaking of the church as a priesthood.
Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma manifesting as massive malignant chylothorax: successful management with chemotherapy and ambulatory drainages using indwelling pleural catheter
Authors: Mohamed M. , Tan J. , Kalpurath K. K 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRecurrent cancer‐related chylothorax is generally managed by talc pleurodesis or indwelling pleural catheter in the palliative care setting to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. In chylothorax associated with curable/treatable malignancies like lymphoma, there are scarce data regarding the efficacy and safety of indwelling pleural catheters. We report a case of recurrent massive chylothorax associated with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma who demonstrated long‐term remission of lymphoma and complete regression of chylothorax after treatment with combination chemotherapy and ambulatory drainages using indwelling pleural catheter.
Tuning the Interfacial Reaction Between Bismuth‐Containing Sealing Glasses and Cr‐Containing Interconnect: Effect of ZnO
Authors: Zhang Qi , Fang Lihua , Shen Jie , Pascual Maria J. , Zhang Teng 
Published: September 2015

The interfacial reaction between sealing glasses and Cr‐containing interconnect presents a challenge for the development of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). In this work, we report that the interfacial reaction between bismuth‐containing sealing glasses and Cr‐containing interconnect can be tailored by ZnO dopant. The addition of ZnO contributes to a more open glass structure, resulting in the facilitated diffusion of ions in glass and thus the increase in the interfacial reaction. On the other hand, the further increase in ZnO content enhances the Bi3+→Bi5+ transition in glasses and reduces the redox interfacial reaction by consuming the oxygen available at the glass/metal interface. In addition, good joining can be observed at the sealing interface between ZnO‐containing glass‐ceramics and Crofer 22 APU, held in air at 700°C for 1400 h. Moreover, the glass‐ceramics show considerable electrical stability in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. The reported results support the suitability of prepared glass‐ceramics as sealing materials for SOFC applications.
Dielectric Properties of Pure and Gd‐Doped HfO2 Ceramics
Authors: Wang Chunchang , Zhang Da , Wang Hong , Yu Yi , Li Yide , Li Qiuju 
Published: September 2015

The pure, 2 at.%, and 20 at.% Gd‐doped HfO2 ceramics were prepared by the standard solid‐state reaction technique. Dielectric properties of these ceramics were investigated in the temperature range 300–1050 K and frequency range 20–5 × 106 Hz. Our results revealed an intrinsic dielectric constant around 20 in the temperature below 450 K for all tested ceramics. Two oxygen‐vacancy‐related relaxations R1 and R2 were observed at temperatures higher than 450 K, which were identified to be a dipolar relaxation due to grain response and a Maxwell–Wagner relaxation due to grain‐boundary response, respectively. The dielectric properties of the pure and slightly doped (2 at.%,) samples are dominated by the grain‐boundary response, which results in a colossal dielectric behavior similar to that found in CaCu3Ti4O12. The doping level of 20 at.% leads to the structural transformation from monoclinic phase to cubic phase. The dielectric properties of the heavily doped HfO2 are dominated by the grain response without any colossal dielectric behavior.
Enhanced Electrical Resistivity of Al2O3 Addition Modified Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9 High‐Temperature Piezoceramics
Authors: Zhou Zhiyong , Liang Ruihong , Li Yuchen , Dong Xianlin 
Published: September 2015

Enhanced electrical resistivity about over two orders of magnitude for Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9 (NBNO) high‐temperature piezoceramics potentially used in piezoelectric sensors is achieved by the introduction of highly insulating Al2O3 addition. Possible pyrochlore secondary phases of two types of grains: irregular polyhedral and platelike, forming at the grain boundaries, have significant blocking effect on the electric current paths and thus lead to improved electrical resistivity. Al2O3‐modified NBNO ceramics show higher d33 values up to 16.5 pC/N than that of pure NBNO ceramics (12.4 pC/N) because higher electric field is applied during poling process owing to enhanced electrical resistivity, whereas the Tc values keep almost constant. A compromise between high Tc, good polarizability and enhanced electrical resistivity has been achieved by suitable addition of Al2O3, which would shed light on how to obtain novel Aurivillius phase ferroelectrics for practical applications at high temperature.
“Green Fluff”? The Role of Corporate Sustainability Initiatives in Effective Climate Policy: Comment on “Science‐Based Carbon Targets for the Corporate World: The Ultimate Sustainability Commitment, or a Costly Distraction?”
Authors: Marland Gregg , Kowalczyk Tammy , Cherry Todd L. 
Published: September 2015

The commentary by Schendler and Trexler (2015) strikes us as an intriguing paradox. Schendler and Trexler see responses to the threat of global climate change beginning to move forward in the corporate world, but they fear these corporate initiatives will be a distraction from what is ultimately required. They emphasize the need for “greater government intervention.” An earlier text by Schendler and Toffel (2013) notes, and we agree, that “we're failing to deal with the problem at anywhere near sufficient scale.” But we feel that the article by Schendler and Trexler does not adequately acknowledge the importance of these corporate efforts as elements of initiation and leadership. Schendler and Trexler express the impatience that many of us feel regarding the continued failure of political progress at the national and international levels. But they do not embrace the thoughts attributed to the sixth century B.C. Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu: “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” They fail to acknowledge that, in democratic governments, there is the need for grass‐roots support in order to develop and implement effective policy. Rather than distractions, individual and corporate efforts are generally necessary prerequisites for implementation of and receptiveness to government action.We agree that society is not dealing with climate change at anything approaching the needed scale and that, ultimately, a meaningful government and international response to climate change is required. The challenge is finding the way forward to achieve this outcome. In a first‐best scenario, the global community would simply negotiate an effective international climate agreement. For more than 35 years, individual countries have collaborated to pursue this first‐best scenario, starting with the first World Climate Conference in 1979 and continuing with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol. But this “top‐down” approach has yielded little success and even less hope, with global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions increasing by more than 50% since adoption of the UNFCCC in 1992. While countries agree on the need for an international agreement, “there is disagreement on almost every aspect of the climate change problem. Countries approach the problem in different stages of development and from different development paths, and thus with different perspectives” (Cherry et al. 2014, 23).
The role of personality traits in self‐rated oral health and preferences for different types of flawed smiles
Authors: Montero J. , Gómez Polo C. , Rosel E. , Barrios R. , Albaladejo A. , López‐Valverde A. 
Published: September 2015

SummarySymmetric, aligned and luminous smiles are usually classified as ‘beautiful’ and aesthetic. However, smile perception is not strictly governed by standardised rules. Personal traits may influence the perception of non‐ideal smiles. We aimed to determine the influence of personality traits in self‐rated oral health and satisfaction and in the aesthetic preference for different strategically flawed smiles shown in photographs. Smiles with dark teeth, with uneven teeth, with lip asymmetry and dental asymmetry were ordered from 1 to 4 as a function of the degree of beauty by 548 participants, of which 50·7% were females with a mean age of 41·5 ± 17·6 years (range: 16–89 years). Self‐assessment and oral satisfaction were recorded on a Likert scale. Personality was measured by means of the Big Five Inventory (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness), and the Life Orientation Test was used to measure optimism and pessimism. Of the four photographs with imperfect smiles, dental asymmetry was the most highly assessed in 63% of the sample, and the worst was lip asymmetry, in 43·7% of the sample. Some personality traits (above all conscientiousness and openness) were significantly correlated with the position assigned to the photographs with dental and lip asymmetry or with misaligned teeth. The extraversion, agreeableness and openness traits were correlated with the self‐perceptions of oral health and aesthetics of the participants. Dental asymmetry seems to be better tolerated than lip asymmetry. Personality traits are weakly but significantly correlated with the aesthetic preference and oral health values, conscientiousness and openness being the most relevant domains in this sense.
Is Obesity Associated With School Dropout? Key Developmental and Ethnic Differences
Authors: Lanza H. Isabella , Huang David Y.C. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe aimed to expand the literature on child obesity and school outcomes by examining associations between obesity and high school dropout, including the role of obesity onset and duration as well as ethnicity.METHODSData on 5066 children obtained between 1986 and 2010 from the child cohort of the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY79) were analyzed. Group‐based trajectory analysis identified obesity trajectories from 6 to 18 years. School completion information from age 14 into young adulthood was used to calculate school dropout. Chi‐square and pairwise comparison tests were used to identify significant associations between obesity trajectories and school dropout.RESULTSAdolescents belonging to an increasing trajectory (adolescent‐onset obesity) had a higher likelihood of dropping out of high school compared with those belonging to chronic, decreasing (childhood‐only obesity), and nonobese trajectories. This association was particularly salient among white adolescents.CONCLUSIONSObesity onset during early adolescence increased risk of high school dropout. White adolescents were particularly vulnerable. Given that early adolescence is marked by significant biological and social changes, future research should seek to identify the underlying processes linking adolescent obesity and school dropout to decrease school dropout risk among this vulnerable population.
Parental Perceptions of Body Mass Index Notification: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Schwartz Misty 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThere is a worldwide epidemic of obesity in children. To address obesity in children, emphasis must be on factors within family, school, and community environments. Although most parents and school officials are aware of the problem of overweight children, there are few data available to guide decision making about the acceptability of school‐based body mass index (BMI) screening and referral programs. Parental insight is essential to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of BMI notification.METHODSThe purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of parents whose school‐age children received a BMI referral letter stating their child is overweight. Purposeful convenience sampling was used to obtain 21 parents. Semistructured interviews were used to collect the data.RESULTSEight themes and corresponding subthemes emerged. The themes regarding parental perceptions were feelings about receiving the letter, causes of obesity, capabilities, barriers, role modeling, primary care provider response, school's role, and health screening process.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of this study can serve as the foundation and provide guidance for parents, schools, healthcare professionals, and communities when attempting to implement changes and programs to combat the epidemic of childhood obesity.
Improved Body Mass Index Measures Following a Middle School‐Based Obesity Intervention—The MATCH Program
Authors: Lazorick Suzanne , Fang Xiangming , Hardison George T. , Crawford Yancey 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMotivating Adolescents with Technology to CHOOSE Health™ (MATCH) is an educational and behavioral intervention in seventh grade.METHODSTeachers in 2 schools delivered the MATCH curriculum, with 1 control school. Using a quasi‐experimental design, outcome measures included lessons completed, body mass index (BMI), BMI z‐score (zBMI), BMI percentile, weight category, and self‐reported lifestyle behaviors. We used multiple regression models to compare group results.RESULTSFor the MATCH group (N = 189), teachers provided lessons over 14 weeks; the control group (N = 173) received usual curriculum. Postintervention, the MATCH group had significant decreases in BMI measures compared with the control. In combined overweight and obese participants, the mean (95% confidence interval) zBMI change was −0.05 (−0.07, −0.03) in MATCH and −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) in control, p = .034 between groups. After 1 year, improvements are sustained: for the overweight subgroup, the mean zBMI decreased from 1.34 to 1.26 post‐MATCH, then to 1.26 after 1 year; for the obese subgroup, mean zBMI = 2.16, to 2.13 post‐MATCH to 2.08 after 1 year. Self‐reported lifestyle behaviors showed no differences.CONCLUSIONSMATCH integrates theory‐based strategies into standard curriculum delivered by teachers. No prior middle‐school intervention has shown sustained change in BMI measures. MATCH warrants further study as a strategy to address obesity.
Losartan therapy for cardiac disease in paediatric Marfan syndrome
Authors: Ewans Lisa J , Roberts Phillip , Adès Lesley 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA case of severe early‐onset Marfan syndrome (MFS) led us to ask the question: ‘Should an ARB, particularly losartan [intervention], compared with beta blockade alone [comparison], be commenced in all paediatric MFS patients [patient] with aortic root dilatation [outcome]?’ The current literature was critically appraised to address this question.
Comparison of fractionation methods for nitrogen and starch in maize and grass silages
Authors: Ali M. , de Jonge L. H. , Cone J. W. , van Duinkerken G. , Blok M. C. , Bruinenberg M. H. , Hendriks W. H. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn in situ nylon bag technique, many feed evaluation systems use a washing machine method (WMM) to determine the washout (W) fraction and to wash the rumen incubated nylon bags. As this method has some disadvantages, an alternate modified method (MM) was recently introduced. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the W and non‐washout (D+U) fractions of nitrogen (N) and/or starch of maize and grass silages, using the WMM and the MM. Ninety‐nine maize silage and 99 grass silage samples were selected with a broad range in chemical composition. The results showed a large range in the W, soluble (S) and D+U fractions of N of maize and grass silages and the W, insoluble washout (W‐S) and D+U fractions of starch of maize silages, determined by both methods, due to variation in their chemical composition. The values for N fractions of maize and grass silages obtained with both methods were found different (p < 0.001). Large differences (p < 0.001) were found in the D+U fraction of starch of maize silages which might be due to different methodological approaches, such as different rinsing procedures (washing vs. shaking), duration of rinsing (40 min vs. 60 min) and different solvents (water vs. buffer solution). The large differences (p < 0.001) in the W‐S and D+U fractions of starch determined with both methods can led to different predicted values for the effective rumen starch degradability. In conclusion, the MM with one recommended shaking procedure, performed under identical and controlled experimental conditions, can give more reliable results compared to the WMM, using different washing programs and procedures.
Video‐otoscopy‐guided tympanostomy tube placement for treatment of middle ear effusion
Authors: Guerin V. , Hampel R. , Ter Haar G. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo describe video‐otoscopy‐guided tympanostomy tube placement in 12 cavalier King Charles spaniels with middle ear effusion and assess the clinical outcome.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records of cavalier King Charles spaniels diagnosed with middle ear effusion and treated with tympanostomy tubes placement between 2012 and 2014 was performed. Outcome was assessed based on a telephone questionnaire.ResultsTwenty‐two tympanostomy tubes were successfully placed in the tympanic membrane in 12 cavalier King Charles spaniels under video‐otoscopic guidance using a rigid endoscope and grasping forceps. Follow‐up based on an owner questionnaire was available for 11/12 dogs. Subjective improvement in hearing was observed in 9/11 dogs with three dogs achieving normal hearing, according to the owners, and six demonstrating partial improvements. Out of 11 dogs, 10 dogs were reported with improved quality of life. Pruritus of the ears resolved in 3/9 dogs. Clinical signs recurred in four dogs because of tube dislodgement.Clinical SignificanceVideo‐otoscopic tympanostomy tube placement appeared to be indicated as a treatment for middle ear effusion in cavalier King Charles spaniels. It subjectively improved hearing, pruritus and quality of life in most dogs. The tympanostomy tubes dislodged in some cases, leading to recurrence of clinical signs, which were effectively eliminated by replacement of a fresh tube.
Plastid genome sequences of legumes reveal parallel inversions and multiple losses of rps16 in papilionoids
Authors: Schwarz Erika N. , Ruhlman Tracey A. , Sabir Jamal S. M. , Hajrah Nahid H. , Alharbi Njud S. , Al‐Malki Abdulrahman L. , Bailey C. Donovan , Jansen Robert K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo date, publicly available plastid genomes of legumes have for the most part been limited to the subfamily Papilionoideae. Here we report 13 new plastid genomes of legumes spanning all three subfamilies. The genomes representing Caesalpinioideae and Mimosoideae are highly conserved in gene content and gene order, similar to the ancestral angiosperm genome organization. Genomes within the Papilionoideae, however, have reduced sizes due to deletions in nine intergenic spacers primarily in the large single copy region. Our study also indicates that rps16 has been independently lost at least five times in legumes, with additional gene and intron losses scattered among the papilionoids. Additionally, genera from two distinct lineages within the papilionoids, Lupinus and Robinia, have a parallel inversion of 36 and 39 kb, respectively. This parallel inversion is novel as it appears to be caused by a 29 bp repeat within two trnS genes. This repeat is present in all available legume plastid genomes indicating that there is the potential for this inversion to be present in more species. This case of a homoplasious inversion is also evidence that some inversion events may not be reliable phylogenetic markers.
Vitamin D Status in Different Stages of Disease Severity in Dogs with Chronic Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Osuga T. , Nakamura K. , Morita T. , Lim S.Y. , Nisa K. , Yokoyama N. , Sasaki N. , Morishita K. , Ohta H. , Takiguchi M. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundIn humans with heart disease, vitamin D deficiency is associated with disease progression and a poor prognosis. A recent study showed that serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, the hallmark of vitamin D status, was lower in dogs with heart failure than in normal dogs, and a low concentration was associated with poor outcome in dogs with heart failure.ObjectivesTo elucidate the vitamin D status of dogs with chronic valvular heart disease (CVHD) at different stages of disease severity.AnimalsForty‐three client‐owned dogs with CVHD.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, dogs were divided into 3 groups (14 dogs in Stage B1, 17 dogs in Stage B2, and 12 dogs in Stage C/D) according to ACVIM guidelines. Dogs underwent clinical examination including echocardiography. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in each dog.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in Stage B2 (median, 33.2 nmol/L; range, 4.9–171.7 nmol/L) and C/D (13.1 nmol/L; 4.9–58.1 nmol/L) than in Stage B1 (52.5 nmol/L; 33.5–178.0 nmol/L) and was not significantly different between Stage B2 and Stage C/D. Among clinical variables, there were significant negative correlations between 25(OH)D concentration and both left atrial‐to‐aortic root ratio and left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter normalized for body weight.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese results indicate that vitamin D status is associated with the degree of cardiac remodeling, and the serum 25(OH)D concentration begins to decrease before the onset of heart failure in dogs with CVHD.