bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Protective and Risk Factors for Depression, Anxiety and Mental Well-Being in Social Workers
Authors: Maddock Alan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Social workers worldwide experience high rates of depression, anxiety and deficits in well-being. Depression, anxiety or poor mental well-being can have a significant effect on the individual social worker, and the quality of care they can provide. There have been limited attempts to examine and understand the underlying psychological protective and risk factors for depression, anxiety and poor well-being amongst social workers. Using the clinically modified Buddhist psychological model (CBPM) as a theoretical framework, this cross-sectional study examined a range of potential psychological protective and risk factors for depression, anxiety and mental well-being of 121 social workers in Northern Ireland, using structural equation modelling, and conditional process analyses. Mindfulness, acceptance, attention regulation/decentering skills, self-compassion, non-attachment and non-aversion could act as protective factors against depression, anxiety and poor mental well-being in social workers. Results also indicate that each of these variables could reduce the extent to which social workers worry and ruminate, further reducing the risk that social workers might experience depression, anxiety, or poor mental well-being. This study offers promising preliminary evidence that the CBPM is a useful explanatory framework which helps to explain variation in depression, anxiety and mental well-being amongst social workers.
Ethnic Disproportionality in the Child Welfare System: A Welsh Linked Administrative Data Study for 2011–2020
Authors: Jing Yongchao , Bailey Grace A , Cheung Sin Yi , Griffiths Lucy J , Scourfield Jonathan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Children’s chances of contact with the child welfare system at different stages vary significantly by their ethnicity. This study goes beyond recent UK studies on the scale of ethnic differences in children in care or on protection plans by improving data completeness through data linkage, considering the ethnic patterns in the wider population of children in need or receiving care and support, and reporting trends over time. We contribute to the literature on ethnic disproportionality in the child welfare system by reporting the patterns in Wales from 2011 to 2020. The trend of ethnic disproportionality was distinct from the changes in the absolute number of children in the child social welfare system by ethnicity. Over the ten-year period, Mixed-heritage children were the most overrepresented and Asian children the most underrepresented, with fluctuations in the level of overrepresentation between 1.1 and 1.5 and underrepresentation between 0.5 and 0.7. The level of representation for Black children fluctuated considerably between 0.8 and 1.2 over the years. The overall level of ethnic disproportionality in Wales increased from 2011 to 2016 and then decreased from 2017 to 2020. Ethnic disproportionality appeared more pronounced amongst girls and in age groups zero to four and sixteen to seventeen.
Molecular engineering of coumarins for enhanced 2-photon absorption property
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wang Yong-Hsin , Wu Cheng-Lin , Lin Tzu-Chau , Abe Manabu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A series of coumarin-based quadrupolar and octupolar derivatives containing electron-donating substituents (carbazole or diphenylamine groups) were synthesized. Their photophysical properties were explored in different organic solvents (toluene, dichloromethane, and dimethyl sulfoxide). Each donor group was connected via cyclic stilbene based on coumarin, resulting in compounds with large 2-photon absorption cross-sections.
The role of the mediodorsal thalamus in chemosensory preference and consummatory behavior in rats
Authors: Gartner Kelly E , Samuelsen Chad L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Experience plays a pivotal role in determining our food preferences. Consuming food generates odor–taste associations that shape our perceptual judgements of chemosensory stimuli, such as their intensity, familiarity, and pleasantness. The process of making consummatory choices relies on a network of brain regions to integrate and process chemosensory information. The mediodorsal thalamus is a higher-order thalamic nucleus involved in many experience-dependent chemosensory behaviors, including olfactory attention, odor discrimination, and the hedonic perception of flavors. Recent research has shown that neurons in the mediodorsal thalamus represent the sensory and affective properties of experienced odors, tastes, and odor–taste mixtures. However, its role in guiding consummatory choices remains unclear. To investigate the influence of the mediodorsal thalamus in the consummatory choice for experienced odors, tastes, and odor–taste mixtures, we pharmacologically inactivated the mediodorsal thalamus during 2-bottle brief-access tasks. We found that inactivation altered the preference for specific odor–taste mixtures, significantly reduced consumption of the preferred taste and increased within-trial sampling of both chemosensory stimulus options. Our results show that the mediodorsal thalamus plays a crucial role in consummatory decisions related to chemosensory preference and attention.
‘Mattering’ the circular economy: tackling the Achilles’ heel of sustainable places via adopting a critical-relational perspective
Authors: Ersoy Aksel , Lagendijk Arnoud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The transition towards a circular economy (CE) is seen as vital for developing sustainable places. CE is used as a new buzzword, as well as an inducement to innovate and change socio-economic practices, by a diverse set of actors to meet sustainability and other goals. Genuine transformation, we argue here, requires those practices to seriously alter discourses and metrics. We adopt a material critical-relational perspective, drawing on the assemblage notion of (counter)actualisation. Our contribution is both conceptual and empirical. Conceptually, we develop an assemblage-based framework featuring practices, discourses and metrics. Empirically, we apply this to national CE policy and local initiatives in the Netherlands. Our results point out both passions and challenges to come to a genuinely transformative discourse and use of metrics.
Rescue Therapies for Steroid-refractory Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Chih-Wen , Yen Hsu-Heng , Chen Yang-Yuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Approximately 40% of patients with steroid-refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis [SR ASUC] require colectomies. Advanced therapies may reduce the short-term colectomy rates in patients with SR ASUC. However, comparative clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of these rescue therapies are lacking. Therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis to study the effectiveness of rescue therapies for SR ASUC.

Methods
Six randomised, controlled trials and 15 cohort studies, including 2004 patients, were analysed. Rescue drugs included tofacitinib, infliximab with a 5 or 10 mg/kg induction dose at 0, 2, and 6 weeks [IFX and IFX10, respectively], IFX with an accelerated regimen of three 5-mg/kg induction doses timed according to clinical need [accelerated IFX], tacrolimus, ciclosporin [CyA], ustekinumab, and adalimumab. Treatments were compared with a placebo.

Results
Tofacitinib odds ratio [OR]: 0.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02–0.52]), accelerated IFX (OR: 0.16 [95% CI: 0.03–0.94]), IFX (OR: 0.2 [95% CI: 0.07–0.58]), and tacrolimus (OR: 0.24 [95% CI: 0.06–0.96]) significantly reduced the short-term colectomy rates compared with placebo. IFX10 and CyA tended to prevent colectomies. However, ustekinumab and adalimumab did not significantly affect the colectomy rates.

Conclusion
This is the first network meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of advanced therapies in reducing short-term colectomy rates in patients with SR ASUC. Tofacitinib, accelerated IFX, standard IFX, and tacrolimus significantly reduced the colectomy rates in SR ASUC patients compared with placebo. Thus, advanced therapies should be considered for rescue therapies in patients with SR ASUC.
Sexual life experiences after myocardial infarction: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Arıkan Emine , Yavaş Gamze 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to systematically interpret and synthesize the data obtained from qualitative research about the sexual lives of individuals who have experienced myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and results
A thorough literature review was conducted between November and December 2023 across five electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, EBSCO, and Science Direct Embase. This article includes 12 studies published in English since 2000 that have examined the sexual experiences of individuals who have experienced MI. This research adhered to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) guidelines. We utilized the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for qualitative research to evaluate the quality of all the papers included. To synthesize the data, the deductive and interpretation technique according to Sandelowski and Barroso's approach has been used. The sexual experiences of individuals who have experienced MI were summarized under four main themes: changes in sexual life, barriers to engaging in sexual intercourse, an unmet need: information, and sexuality as a part of routine care.

Conclusion
Patients’ expectations from counselling services regarding sexuality after MI are oriented towards these services providing more comprehensive information and incorporating multidisciplinary approaches. This demand clearly indicates the complex and multidimensional changes in sexual life after MI and underscores the necessity for healthcare professionals to play a more active role in this area.

Registration
PROSPERO: CRD42023483112.
A conceptual framework from the Philippines to analyse organizational capacities for health policy and systems research
Authors: Liwanag Harvy Joy , Famaloan Ferlie Rose Ann , Reyes Katherine Ann , Tamayo Reiner Lorenzo , Villamater Lynn Daryl , Cabañero-Gasgonia Renee Lynn , Frahsa Annika , Asuncion Pio Justin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Organizations that perform Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR) need robust capacities, but it remains unclear what these organizations should look like in practice. We sought to define ‘HPSRIs’ (pronounced as ‘hip-srees’, i.e. ‘Health Policy and Systems Research Institutions’) as organizational models and developed a conceptual framework for assessing their capacities based on a set of attributes. We implemented a multi-method study in the Philippines that comprised: a qualitative analysis of perspectives from 33 stakeholders in the HPSR ecosystem on the functions, strengths and challenges of HPSRIs; a workshop with 17 multi-sectoral representatives who collectively developed a conceptual framework for assessing organizational capacities for HPSRIs based on organizational attributes; and a survey instrument development process that determined indicators for assessing these attributes. We defined HPSRIs to be formally constituted organizations (or institutions) with the minimum essential function of research. Beyond the research function, our framework outlined eight organizational attributes of well-performing HPSRIs that were grouped into four domains, namely: ‘research expertise’ (1) excellent research, (2) capacity-building driven; ‘leadership and management’ (3) efficient administration, (4) financially sustainable; ‘policy translation’ (5) policy orientation, (6) effective communication; and ‘networking’ (7) participatory approach, (8) convening influence. We developed a self-assessment instrument around these attributes that HPSRIs could use to inform their respective organizational development and collectively discuss their shared challenges. In addition to developing the framework, the workshop also analysed the positionality of HPSRIs and their interactions with other institutional actors in the HPSR ecosystem, and recommends the importance of enhancing these interactions and assigning responsibility to a national/regional authority that will foster the community of HPSRIs. When tailored to their context, HPSRIs that function at the nexus of research, management, policy and networks help achieve the main purpose of HPSR, which is to ‘achieve collective health goals and contribute to policy outcomes’.
Strathclyde minor groove binders (S-MGBs) with activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Mcgee Leah M C , Carpinteyro Sanchez Alemao G , Perieteanu Marina , Eskandari Kaveh , Bian Yan , Mackie Logan , Young Louise , Beveridge Rebecca , Suckling Colin J , Roberts Craig W , Scott Fraser J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Acanthamoeba spp. is the causative agent of Acanthamoeba keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Strathclyde minor groove binders (S-MGBs) are a promising new class of anti-infective agent that have been shown to be effective against many infectious organisms.

Objectives
To synthesize and evaluate the anti-Acanthamoeba activity of a panel of S-MGBs, and therefore determine the potential of this class for further development.

Methods
A panel of 12 S-MGBs was synthesized and anti-Acanthamoeba activity was determined using an alamarBlue™-based trophocidal assay against Acanthamoeba castellanii. Cross-screening against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was used to investigate selective potency. Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells allowed for selective toxicity to be measured. DNA binding studies were carried out using native mass spectrometry and DNA thermal shift assays.

Results and discussion
S-MGB-241 has an IC50 of 6.6 µM against A. castellanii, comparable to the clinically used miltefosine (5.6 µM) and negligible activity against the other organisms. It was also found to have an IC50 &gt; 100 µM against HEK293 cells, demonstrating low cytotoxicity. S-MGB-241 binds to DNA as a dimer, albeit weakly compared to other S-MGBs previously studied. This was confirmed by DNA thermal shift assay with a ΔTm = 1 ± 0.1°C.

Conclusions
Together, these data provide confidence that S-MGBs can be further optimized to generate new, potent treatments for Acanthameoba spp. infections. In particular, S-MGB-241, has been identified as a ‘hit’ compound that is selectively active against A. castellanii, providing a starting point from which to begin optimization of DNA binding and potency.
Systematic review and meta analysis of psychological interventions to prevent or treat pediatric chronic disease in rural communities
Authors: Lancaster Brittany D , Hefner Tristen , Leslie-Miller Calissa J , Sexton Kody , Bakula Dana M , Van Allen Jason , Cushing Christopher C , Lim Crystal S , Janicke David M , Jelalian Elissa , Dayani Katie , Davis Ann M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of psychological interventions at improving physical or mental health outcomes for youth living in rural communities who have, or are at-risk for, any chronic medical condition in comparison to control interventions conducted in rural communities.

Methods
Following prospective registration (OSF.IO/7TDQJ), 7 databases were searched through July 1, 2023. Studies were included if they were a randomized control trial of a psychological intervention conducted with youth living in a rural area who had, or were at-risk for, a chronic medical condition. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias version 2 tool. A qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted.

Results
15 studies met inclusion criteria. Obesity studies (n = 13) primarily focused on body mass index metrics, with limited significant findings across studies. Asthma treatment interventions (n = 2) showed no impact on hospitalizations. 3 studies evaluated mental health outcomes with no significant group differences observed. We meta-analytically analyzed 9 studies that evaluated body mass index z-scores and identified an overall null effect (Hedge’s g = 0.01, 95% CI [−0.07, 0.09], p = .85).

Conclusions
Most included studies focused on pediatric obesity, and there was a limited range of health outcomes reported. Compared to controls, minimal significant improvements in health outcomes were identified for psychological interventions for youth living in rural communities. Future efforts may benefit from situating this work more systematically within a health disparities framework with a focus on understanding mechanisms of disparities and translating this work into interventions and policy changes.
A fractional Hawkes process model for earthquake aftershock sequences
Authors: Davis Louis , Baeumer Boris , Wang Ting 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A new type of Hawkes process, known as the fractional Hawkes Process (FHP), has been recently introduced. This process uses a Mittag-Leffler density as the kernel function which is asymptotically a power law and so similar to the Omori–Utsu law, suggesting the FHP may be an appropriate earthquake model. However, it is currently an unmarked point process meaning it is independent of an earthquake’s magnitude. We extend the existing FHP, by incorporating Utsu’s aftershock productivity law and a time-scaling parameter from the fractional Zener Model to a marked version so that it may better model earthquake aftershock sequences. We call this model the ‘Seismic Fractional Hawkes Process’ (SFHP). We then estimate parameters via maximum likelihood and provide evidence for these estimates being consistent and asymptotically normal via a simulation study. The SFHP is then compared to the epidemic type aftershock sequence and FHP models on four aftershock sequences from Southern California and New Zealand. While it is inconclusive if the seismic fractional Hawkes process performs better in a retrospective predictive performance experiment, it does perform favourably against both models in terms of information criteria and residual diagnostics especially when the aftershock clustering is stronger.
The Gezer Inscription ʿṣd pšt ‘Bundling Flax’: Revising the Arabic Cognate Etymology
Authors: Neishtadt Mila 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article is dedicated to one of the main lexical cruxes of the Gezer tablet, the expression ʿṣd pšt in the third line of the inscription. I follow the longstanding understanding of the Gezer inscription, according to which pšt refers to flax. The primary innovation of the article lies in the re-evaluation of the cognate Arabic etymology. I argue that the cognate Arabic ʿḍd in both Classical and Modern Arabic does not signify ‘cutting’, as has been suggested in research thus far. Rather, it means ‘upper arm’. I then examine the Mishnaic Hebrew phrase פשתן חוצני ḥoṣne pištan ‘flax bundles’ (m. Pe’ah 6:5) which exhibits a semantic shift: ḥōṣɛn ‘bosom’ &gt; ‘amount carried under bosom’ &gt; ‘bundle’. Based on the revised Arabic ʿḍd ‘upper arm’ meaning, I propose a semantic parallel: the Gezer inscription’s verbal noun ʿṣd (&lt; Proto- Semitic ‘upper arm’) has possibly experienced a semantic shift similar to that of חוצני פשתן ḥoṣne pištan ‘flax bundles’ in m. Pe’ah 6:5: ‘upper arm’ &gt; ‘armful of produce’ &gt; ‘bundle’. Accordingly, I suggest ʿṣd pšt means ‘bundling flax’. This suggestion offers a straightforward solution which clarifies etymological data from various Semitic languages, fits within the context of the Gezer inscription and finally resolves the agricultural ‘cutting’ flax difficulty.
Genotype × environment × management analysis to define allometric rules between leaves and stems in wheat
Authors: Zhu Chen , Liu Shouyang , Parent Boris , Yin Xiaogang , de Solan Benoit , Jiang Dong , Ding Yanfeng , Baret Fred 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Allometric rules provide insights into structure–function relationships across species and scales and are commonly used in ecology. The fields of agronomy, plant phenotyping, and modeling also need simplifications such as those provided by allometric rules to reconcile data at different temporal and spatial levels (organs/canopy). This study explores the variations in relationships for wheat in terms of the distribution of crop green area between leaves and stems, and the allocation of above-ground biomass between leaves and stems during the vegetative period, using a large dataset covering different years, countries, genotypes, and management practices. The results showed that the relationship between leaf and stem area was linear, genotype-specific, and sensitive to radiation. The relationship between leaf and stem biomass depended on genotype and nitrogen fertilization. The mass per area, associating area and biomass for both leaf and stem, varied strongly by developmental stage and was significantly affected by environment and genotype. These allometric rules were evaluated and shown to have satisfactory performance, and their potential use is discussed with regard to current phenotyping techniques and plant/crop models. Our results enable the definition of models and minimum datasets required for characterizing diversity panels and making predictions in various genotype × environment × management contexts.
Carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in rice cell wall metabolism
Authors: De Coninck Tibo , Desmet Tom , Van Damme Els J M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Plant cell walls are complex, multifunctional structures, built up of polysaccharides and proteins. The configuration and abundance of cell wall constituents determine cellular elongation and plant growth. The emphasis of this review is on rice, a staple crop with economic importance, serving as model for grasses/cereals. Recent advancements have contributed to a better understanding of the grass/cereal cell wall. This review brings together current knowledge of the organization and metabolism of the rice cell wall, and addresses gaps in the information regarding the cell wall and enzymes involved. Several cell wall fractions, including cellulose, mixed-linkage glucans, and glucuronoarabinoxylans, are well understood in rice and other grasses/grains. Conversely, there are still open questions and missing links in relation to xyloglucans, glucomannans, pectin, lignin, and arabinogalactan proteins. There is still a large and untapped potential to identify carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), to characterize their activity, and to elucidate their involvement in the metabolism of the mentioned cell wall fractions. This review highlights the involvement of carbohydrate-active enzymes in rice cell wall metabolism, providing an update of current understanding with the aim of demarcating research areas with potential for further investigations.