bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulation types and winter precipitation in Spain
Authors: Casado M. J. , Pastor M. A. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper is concentrated on the evaluation of circulation type classifications (CTCs) from the European Action COST733 catalogue version 2.0 in terms of their ability to capture winter precipitation, expressed as percentage, over Spanish Iberia and the Balearic Islands. The explained variation, the pseudo‐F statistics and the Brier skill score are used to quantify the explanatory power of circulation classifications. As secondary aims, the impact of using different number of circulation types, additional types of variables and 4‐day sequences in the generation of classifications is analysed.Although no optimal method has been found, nevertheless, the results suggest that the use of CTCs based on optimization algorithms are, in general, performing better than those which are based on other algorithms (i.e. leader algorithms). Distinct variations in skill exist not only among classifications from different groups of basic methods but as well between classifications from the same method group; being remarkable the behaviour of the optimum random centroid method.Results are very dependent on the metric, for the explained variation, and the Brier skill score, the larger the number of circulation types, the better the performance; contrary to the behaviour of the pseudo‐F statistic. The inclusion of 500 hPa vorticity in the generation of classifications improves results while a general deterioration is observed when considering 4‐day sequences. These results are only valid for the selected season and cannot be transferred to other locations and seasons.
Spatial and temporal distributions of trends in climate extremes of the Feilaixia catchment in the upstream area of the Beijiang River Basin, South China
Authors: Wu ChuanHao , Huang GuoRu , Yu HaiJun , Chen ZhiQing , Ma JingGuang 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the changes in extreme climatic events in the Feilaixia catchment in South China, the spatial and temporal distributions of extreme climate indices trends during 1969–2011 were investigated. With quality control and homogeneity assessment, daily maximum and minimum surface air temperature from 11 meteorological stations and daily precipitation from 24 rainfall stations were used. Eight indices of extreme temperature and six indices of extreme precipitation were chosen. Trends were calculated using Sen's slope estimator. Statistical significance of trends was checked with the Mann–Kendall method. High correlations were found between the mean annual temperature and temperature extremes, as well as between the annual total precipitation and precipitation extremes in most cases. The analyses of extreme temperature indices detected significant and stable trends in the majority of the stations. The strongly stable downward trends in cold extremes and the strongly stable upward trends in hot extremes were recorded in the whole region, except for in some small areas primarily located in the central part of the region. In contrast, significant and stable positive trends were sporadically recorded for precipitation extremes in the study area during 1969–2011, which predominantly occurred in the northern part of the region. Furthermore, the positive trends were much more frequent than the negative trends in most extreme precipitation indices. There were significant and stable trends recorded in most of the average temperature extremes, whereas insignificant and unstable trends were found for most of the average precipitation extremes.
Understanding high resolution space‐time variability of rainfall in southwest Georgia, United States
Authors: Dzotsi K. A. , Matyas C. J. , Jones J. W. , Baigorria G. , Hoogenboom G. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTEnhanced understanding of rainfall variability requires high resolution observations, yet most weather networks are unable to capture rainfall gradients that are important for modelling and decision‐making. Using a network of 46 rain gauges over an area of 3100 km2in southwest Georgia, this study evaluated different rainfall characteristics, including duration, intensity and correlation, and the impact of network density on spatially‐aggregated rainfall. Distances among the observation locations ranged from 1 to 60 km, which makes the network significantly denser than most state‐level weather networks in the United States. Results of the analysis of storm characteristics indicated that summer and winter portrayed the highest contrast. Most summer storms had an approximate duration of 1 h and were characterized by high rainfall intensities. Fall and spring appeared to exhibit a mix of characteristics from summer and winter. During the summer, rainfall occurrence at a location was quasi‐independent of rainfall events at other locations in the study area while during the winter rainfall tended to occur or not occur over the whole study area simultaneously. During the summer, the correlation of rainfall amount was only high (0.90) in the immediate neighbourhood of the site considered (less than 3.3 km) while during the winter, this distance extended to approximately 8–18 km. To allow a coefficient of variability of 5% in the distribution of aggregate rainfall amount over the study area, the required network density sizes would be 16 gauges for summer and 4 gauges for winter, which translates into 5.2 gauges per 1000 km2and 1.3 gauges per 1000 km2, respectively. These results provided insights into the characteristics and importance of rainfall variability at spatial resolutions ranging from local to regional. Results from this study may be applicable in the southeast United States and other areas with similar weather systems.
Climatological onset date of summer monsoon in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen‐Le Dzung , Matsumoto Jun , Ngo‐Duc Thanh 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, the climatological summer monsoon onset in Vietnam was investigated by using the 25‐year in situ observations and reanalysis gridded dataset recorded from 1979 to 2003. Results suggested that the onset date varies considerably among the sub‐regions. Rainfall criteria indicate that the earliest onset generally occurs in the northwestern mountainous area around April 25. That in the northern and southern plains is in mid‐May, along with the full establishment of monsoon circulation over the Indochina Peninsula. In the central coastal plain, however, the Foehn wind, an effect of the Asian summer monsoon, causes a dry summer rather than a rainy season. This peculiar characteristic differs substantially from the rainy season in the adjacent regions. Therefore, a new specific criterion for this region is proposed: The summer dry season onset date, which is subjectively indicated in late May, is defined as the appearance time of the dry, downslope Foehn wind.Monsoon onset in Vietnam and surrounding areas is preceded by the development of convective activity and circulation features over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the southern Bay of Bengal. It also coincides with the northward retreat of mid‐latitude westerlies and the eastward retreat of the easterly trade wind associated with the western Pacific sub‐tropical high. A relationship between the occurrence of the Meiyu front and the summer monsoon onset over the South China Sea (SCS) is identified. Particularly, cyclonic development concurrent with monsoon onset appears over the SCS and Taiwan area, and a large amount of moisture is observed to converge along the southern side of the front. Simultaneously, the northward extension of the tropical easterly jet (TEJ), which is driven by the reversed poleward temperature and pressure gradient as a consequence of warming over inland India relative to the surrounding ocean, also plays an important role in summer monsoon circulation.
Measurements and cloudiness influence on UV radiation in Central China
Authors: Wang Lunche , Gong Wei , Lin Aiwen , Hu Bo 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTMeasurements of global solar radiation (G) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation on a horizontal plane at Wuhan, China during 2006–2012 were reported in this study to reveal their hourly, daily and monthly variations. The influences of clouds on UV irradiation and UV/G ratio at different solar elevations were investigated. It was discovered that hourly UV irradiation decreased with cloudiness and UV/G increased with cloud cover, especially for cloudiness greater than 4 octas, which indicated that cloud effects on UV irradiances were more evident in overcast skies. Clearness index (Kt) and UV clearness index (Kuv) was used for characterizing the cloudiness, hourly dependence of UV/G ratio on Kt and complete features of monthly average hourly UV/G were analysed for studying the relationships between G and UV irradiations under different sky conditions. It was revealed that UV/G changed from 4.3% (hourly basis) and 4.4% (daily basis) under overcast skies to 3.8% (hourly basis) and 3.9% (daily basis) in clear skies. It was also observed a largest predominance (90.8%) for the interval 2.8% ≤ UV/G ≤ 5.6% with an average value being about 4.1% during the whole study period. Specific days were selected to further study the cloudiness influence on UV/G, a general daily pattern with lower values during sunrise/sunset and higher values around noon was observed. In addition, the relationship between Kuv and Kt at different solar elevations has been evaluated in detail, Kuv was about 65.8% of Kt during the study period. Finally, using the monthly evolution of the 10‐day Kt averages for the UV range, the attenuation of UV radiation in Central China caused by clouds ranged between 65 and 31% in January and July, respectively.
Honokiol, a low molecular weight natural product, prevents inflammatory response and cartilage matrix degradation in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes
Authors: Chen Ying Ju , Tsai Keh Sung , Chan Ding Cheng , Lan Kuo Cheng , Chen Cheng Feng , Yang Rong Sen , Liu Shing Hwa 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTProinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) stimulates several mediators of cartilage degradation and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Honokiol, a low molecular weight natural product isolated from the Magnolia officinalis, has been shown to possess anti‐inflammatory effect. Here, we used an in vitro model of cartilage inflammation to investigate the therapeutic potential of honokiol in OA. Human OA chondrocytes were cultured and pretreated with honokiol (2.5–10 µM) with or without IL‐1β (10 ng/ml). Nitric oxide (NO) production was quantified by Griess reagent. Prostaglandin (PG)E2, metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) productions were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of collagen II, cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB)‐related signaling molecules were determined by Western blotting. Our data showed that IL‐1β markedly stimulated the expressions of iNOS and COX‐2 and the productions of NO, PGE2, and IL‐6, which could be significantly reversed by honokiol. Honokiol could also suppress the IL‐1β‐triggered activation of IKK/IκBα/NF‐κB signaling pathway. Moreover, honokiol significantly inhibited the IL‐1β‐induced MMP‐13 production and collagen II reduction. Taken together, the present study suggests that honokiol may have a chondroprotective effect and may be a potential therapeutic choice in the treatment of OA patients. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:573–580, 2014.
Perioperative systemic chemotherapy for appendiceal mucinous carcinoma peritonei treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Blackham Aaron U. , Swett Katrina , Eng Cathy , Sirintrapun Joseph , Bergman Simon , Geisinger Kim R , Votanopoulos Konstantinos , Stewart John H. , Shen Perry , Levine Edward A. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundThe role of systemic chemotherapy (SC) in conjunction with cytoreductive surgery (CS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in appendiceal mucinous carcinoma peritonei (MCP) is unknown.MethodsA retrospective review (1999–2011) of MCP patients who had undergone CS/HIPEC with or without perioperative SC.ResultsTwenty‐two low‐grade MCP patients treated with CS/HIPEC and SC were matched to patients who received CS/HIPEC alone. Median overall survival (OS) was 107 months for patients treated with perioperative SC compared to 72 without (P = 0.46). CS/HIPEC was performed on 109 patients with high‐grade MCP: 70 were treated with perioperative SC, while 39 were not. Median OS (22.1 vs. 19.6 months, P = 0.74) and progression‐free survival (PFS) (10.9 vs. 7.0 months, P = 0.47) were similar in patients treated with SC compared to CS/HIPEC alone. Progression while on pre‐operative SC was seen in eight patients (17%), while four (8%) had a partial response. Treatment with post‐operative SC was associated with longer PFS (13.6 months) compared to pre‐operative SC (6.8 months, P < 0.01) and CS/HIPEC alone (7.0 months, P = 0.03).ConclusionsPost‐operative SC appears to improve PFS in patients with high‐grade appendiceal MCP treated with CS/HIPEC. In contrast, there is no evidence to support the routine use of perioperative SC in low‐grade disease. J. Surg. Oncol 2014; 109:740–745. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment, survival, and costs of laryngeal cancer care in the elderly
Authors: Gourin Christine G. , Dy Sydney M. , Herbert Robert J. , Blackford Amanda L. , Quon Harry , Forastiere Arlene A. , Eisele David W. , Frick Kevin D. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine associations between treatment and volume with survival and costs in elderly patients with laryngeal squamous cell cancer (SCCA).Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare data.MethodsWe evaluated 2,370 patients diagnosed with laryngeal SCCA from 2004 to 2007 using cross‐tabulations, multivariate logistic and generalized linear regression modeling, and survival analysis.ResultsChemoradiation was significantly associated with supraglottic tumors (relative risk ratio: 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7‐4.0), additional cancer‐directed treatment (odds ratio [OR]: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2‐2.7), and a reduced likelihood of surgical salvage (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2‐0.6). Surgery with postoperative radiation was associated with significantly improved survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6‐0.9), after controlling for patient and tumor variables including salvage. High‐volume care was not associated with survival for nonoperative treatment but was associated with improved survival (HR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5‐0.8) among surgical patients. Initial treatment and 5‐year overall costs for chemoradiation were higher than for all other treatment categories. High‐volume care was associated with significantly lower costs of care for surgical patients but was not associated with differences in costs of care for nonoperative treatment.ConclusionsChemoradiation in elderly patients with laryngeal cancer was associated with increased costs, additional cancer‐directed treatment, and a reduced likelihood of surgical salvage. Surgery with postoperative radiation was associated with improved survival in this cohort, and high‐volume hospital surgical care was associated with improved survival and lower costs. These findings have implications for improving the quality of laryngeal cancer treatment at a time of both rapid growth in the elderly population and diminishing healthcare resources.Level of Evidence2cLaryngoscope, 124:1827–1835, 2014
Multispectral near‐IR reflectance imaging of simulated early occlusal lesions: Variation of lesion contrast with lesion depth and severity
Authors: Simon Jacob C. , Chan Kenneth H. , Darling Cynthia L. , Fried Daniel 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEarly demineralization appears with high contrast at near‐IR wavelengths due to a 10‐ to 20‐fold difference in the magnitude of light scattering between sound and demineralized enamel. Water absorption in the near‐IR has a significant effect on the lesion contrast and the highest contrast has been measured in spectral regions with higher water absorption. The purpose of this study was to determine how the lesion contrast changes with lesion severity and depth for different spectral regions in the near‐IR and compare that range of contrast with visible reflectance and fluorescence.Materials and MethodsForty‐four human molars were used in this in vitro study. Teeth were painted with an acid‐resistant varnish, leaving a 4 mm × 4 mm window on the occlusal surface of each tooth exposed for demineralization. Artificial lesions were produced in the unprotected windows after 12–48 hours exposure to a demineralizing solution at pH 4.5. Near‐IR reflectance images were acquired over several near‐IR spectral distributions, visible light reflectance, and fluorescence with 405‐nm excitation and detection at wavelengths >500‐nm. Crossed polarizers were used for reflectance measurements to reduce interference from specular reflectance. Cross polarization optical coherence tomography (CP‐OCT) was used to non‐destructively assess the depth and severity of demineralization in each sample window. Matching two‐dimensional CP‐OCT images of the lesion depth and integrated reflectivity were compared with the reflectance and fluorescence images to determine how accurately the variation in the lesion contrast represents the variation in the lesion severity.ResultsArtificial lesions appear more uniform on tooth surfaces exposed to an acid challenge at visible wavelengths than they do in the near‐IR. Measurements of the lesion depth and severity using CP‐OCT show that the lesion severity varies markedly across the sample windows and that the lesion contrast in the visible does not accurately reflect the large variation in the lesion severity. Reflectance measurements at certain near‐IR wavelengths more accurately reflect variation in the depth and severity of the lesions.ConclusionThe results of the study suggest that near‐IR reflectance measurements at longer wavelengths coincident with higher water absorption are better suited for imaging early caries lesions. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:203–215, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Multi‐Criteria Classification Approach for Identifying Favourable Climates for Tourism
Authors: Mailly Daniel , Abi‐Zeid Irène , Pepin Steeve 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to present a multi‐criteria classification approach for identifying world climates that are favourable to light tourism. We use a multi‐criteria aggregation method, Electre Tri‐nC, to assign over 60 000 world locations to one of four climate categories ranging from unfavourable to ideal. The motivations behind this work are to remedy to some of the methodological problems in composite indices such as the Tourism Climatic Index, where a weighted sum is computed using ordinal data. We present our results for the summer month of August on the basis of the years 1961–1990 derived from the CRU CL 1.0 climate database of New et al. (1999). In addition to being theoretically sound, our approach uses the original, virtually untransformed, continuous data thereby avoiding loss of information. It also minimizes the compensation effects and makes it possible to take into account additional criteria to cater to various tourism contexts with various decision maker profiles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐phase flows in karstic geometry
Authors: Han Daozhi , Sun Dong , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMultiphase flow phenomena are ubiquitous. Common examples include coupled atmosphere and ocean system (air and water), oil reservoir (water, oil, and gas), and cloud and fog (water vapor, water, and air). Multiphase flows also play an important role in many engineering and environmental science applications.In some applications such as flows in unconfined karst aquifers, karst oil reservoir, proton membrane exchange fuel cell, multiphase flows in conduits, and in porous media must be considered together. Geometric configurations that contain both conduit (or vug) and porous media are termed karstic geometry. Despite the importance of the subject, little work has been performed on multiphase flows in karstic geometry.In this paper, we present a family of phase–field (diffusive interface) models for two‐phase flow in karstic geometry. These models together with the associated interface boundary conditions are derived utilizing Onsager's extremum principle. The models derived enjoy physically important energy laws. A uniquely solvable numerical scheme that preserves the associated energy law is presented as well. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure–activity relationship in the passage of different pyrrolizidine alkaloids through the gastrointestinal barrier: ABCB1 excretes heliotrine and echimidine
Authors: Hessel Stefanie , Gottschalk Christoph , Schumann Dania , These Anja , Preiss‐Weigert Angelika , Lampen Alfonso 
Published: December 2013

Scope1,2‐Unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are found in plants such as Asteraceae and Boraginaceae families. Acute PA poisoning via contaminated food or feed causes severe damage to liver depending on species‐specific oral bioavailability. For assessing PA bioavailability, their passage across the intestinal barrier was investigated using Caco‐2 cells.MethodsDifferentiated Caco‐2 cells were exposed in transport chambers to the PA heliotrine (Hn), echimidine (Em), senecionine (Sc), and senkirkine (Sk). Cell supernatants were analyzed by LC‐MS/MS.ResultsPA pass Caco‐2 monolayer from the apical into basolateral compartment depending on their chemical structure. Compared to the cyclic diesters Sc and Sk with a passage rate of 47% ± 4 and 40% ± 3, respectively, the transferred amount of the monoester Hn (32% ± 3) and open‐chained diester Em (13% ± 2) was substantially lower. This suggested an active transport of Hn and Em. Using Madin–Darby canine kidney II/P‐glycoprotein (ABCB1)‐overexpressing cells, the active excretion of Hn and Em by ABCB1 from the gastrointestinal epithelium into the gut lumen was shown.ConclusionPA cross the intestinal barrier structure‐dependently. The passage of the noncyclic PA Hn and Em is reduced by an ABCB1‐driven efflux into the gastrointestinal lumen resulting in a decreased oral bioavailability.
Dimensions of psychotic experiences among women in the general population
Authors: Therman Sebastian , Suvisaari Jaana , Hultman Christina M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFull‐information factor analysis of ordinal data was employed to determine the factorial structure of the responses of 31,822 adult Swedish women to the 20 “positive” psychotic experience items of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) questionnaire. Five separable but correlated trait dimensions were found, reflecting Paranoia, Grandiosity, Magical Thinking, Delusions, and Hallucinations. High scores on any dimension were associated with a higher probability of questionnaire‐assessed lifetime major depressive episodes or generalized anxiety disorder, though Grandiosity was so only to a very small degree. Our results closely match previous findings among adolescents and young women, and demonstrate that psychotic experiences cannot be considered a single trait. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.