bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Risk of Readmission in Hospitalized Elderly Adults Through Inpatient Medication Exposure
Authors: Pavon Juliessa M. , Zhao Yanfang , McConnell Eleanor , Hastings S. Nicole 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo use electronic health record (EHR) data to examine the association between inpatient medication exposure and risk of hospital readmission.DesignRetrospective, observational study.SettingTertiary and quaternary care academic health system in Durham, North Carolina.ParticipantsAll individuals aged 60 and older who were residents of Durham County, North Carolina and were hospitalized and discharged alive from Duke University Hospital between 2007 and 2009 (N = 4,627).MeasurementsIndependent variables were inpatient exposure to individual medication classes. Primary outcome was readmission to a Duke Health System hospital within 30 days.ResultsReadmission rate was 21% (n = 955). In adjusted models, exposure to anticonvulsants (odds ratio OR 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.48), benzodiazepines (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.04–1.44), corticosteroids (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.07–1.50), and opioids (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.06–1.47) was associated with greater likelihood of readmission. Exposure to antidepressants (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.16–2.96) and opioids on the cardiology service (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.01–3.07) and exposure to opioids on the medicine service (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.17–3.22) were associated with greater odds of readmission than for individuals on the surgery service.ConclusionExposure of hospitalized elderly adults to certain medication classes was associated with greater likelihood of readmission. Incorporating medication data from EHRs may improve the performance of hospital readmission prediction models.
Rice CYP703A3, a cytochrome P450 hydroxylase, is essential for development of anther cuticle and pollen exine
Authors: Yang Xijia , Wu Di , Shi Jianxin , He Yi , Pinot Franck , Grausem Bernard , Yin Changsong , Zhu Lu , Chen Mingjiao , Luo Zhijing , Liang Wanqi , Zhang Dabing 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAnther cuticle and pollen exine act as protective envelopes for the male gametophyte or pollen grain, but the mechanism underlying the synthesis of these lipidic polymers remains unclear. Previously, a tapetum‐expressed CYP703A3, a putative cytochrome P450 fatty acid hydroxylase, was shown to be essential for male fertility in rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, the biochemical and biological roles of CYP703A3 has not been characterized. Here, we observed that cyp703a3‐2 caused by one base insertion in CYP703A3 displays defective pollen exine and anther epicuticular layer, which differs from Arabidopsis cyp703a2 in which only defective pollen exine occurs. Consistently, chemical composition assay showed that levels of cutin monomers and wax components were dramatically reduced in cyp703a3‐2 anthers. Unlike the wide range of substrates of Arabidopsis CYP703A2, CYP703A3 functions as an in‐chain hydroxylase only for a specific substrate, lauric acid, preferably generating 7‐hydroxylated lauric acid. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation and expression analyses revealed that the expression of CYP703A3 is directly regulated by Tapetum Degeneration Retardation, a known regulator of tapetum PCD and pollen exine formation. Collectively, our results suggest that CYP703A3 represents a conserved and diversified biochemical pathway for in‐chain hydroxylation of lauric acid required for the development of male organ in higher plants.
The Role of Maternity Care Providers in Promoting Shared Decision Making Regarding Birthing Positions During the Second Stage of Labor
Authors: Nieuwenhuijze Marianne J. , Low Lisa Kane , Korstjens Irene , Lagro‐Janssen Toine 
Published: May 2014

IntroductionThrough the use of a variety of birthing positions during the second stage of labor, a woman can increase progress, improve outcomes, and have a positive birth experience. The role that a maternity care provider has in determining which position a woman uses during the second stage of labor has not been thoroughly explored. The purpose of this qualitative investigation was to explore how maternity care providers communicate with women during the second stage of labor regarding birthing position.MethodsA literature‐informed framework was developed to conduct a process of deductive content analysis of communication patterns between nulliparous women and their maternity care providers during the second stage of labor. Literature discussing shared decision making, control, and predictors of positive birth experiences were reviewed to develop a coding framework. The framework included the following categories: listening to women, encouragement, information, offering choices, and style of support. Forty‐one audiotapes of women and their maternity care providers during the second stage of labor were transcribed verbatim and analyzed.ResultsThemes identified in the transcripts included all those in the analytic framework, plus 2 added categories of communication: empathy and interaction. Maternity care providers in this study enabled women to select various birthing positions using a dynamic process that moved between open, informative approaches and more closed, directive approaches, depending on the woman's needs and clinical condition. As clinical conditions unfolded, women became more actively involved in shared decision making regarding birthing positions, and maternity care providers found the right balance between being responsive to the woman's questions or directives.DiscussionEnabling shared decision making during birth is not a linear process using a single approach; it is dynamic process that requires a variety of approaches. Maternity care providers can support a woman to use different birthing positions during the second stage of labor by employing a flexible style that incorporates clinical assessment and the woman's responses.
Personality Predicts Obedience in a Milgram Paradigm
Authors: Bègue Laurent , Beauvois Jean‐Léon , Courbet Didier , Oberlé Dominique , Lepage Johan , Duke Aaron A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study investigates how obedience in a Milgram‐like experiment is predicted by interindividual differences. Participants were 35 males and 31 females aged 26–54 from the general population who were contacted by phone 8 months after their participation in a study transposing Milgram's obedience paradigm to the context of a fake television game show. Interviews were presented as opinion polls with no stated ties to the earlier experiment. Personality was assessed by the Big Five Mini‐Markers questionnaire (Saucier, 1994). Political orientation and social activism were also measured. Results confirmed hypotheses that Conscientiousness and Agreeableness would be associated with willingness to administer higher‐intensity electric shocks to a victim. Political orientation and social activism were also related to obedience. Our results provide empirical evidence suggesting that individual differences in personality and political variables matter in the explanation of obedience to authority.
METelemedicine: A Pilot Study With Rural Alcohol Users on Community Supervision
Authors: Staton‐Tindall Michele , Havens Jennifer R. , Webster J. Matthew , Leukefeld Carl 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPurposeThis pilot study examined a telemedicine‐based intervention using motivational enhancement therapy (METelemedicine) to reduce alcohol use among a sample of at‐risk, rural alcohol users.MethodsA total of 127 rural alcohol users were recruited from community supervision offices and engaged in brief intervention sessions using telemedicine. Analysis examined alcohol outcomes at 3 months postbaseline.FindingsFindings indicated that although there were no overall differences between comparison groups on alcohol outcomes, 3+ sessions of METelemedicine significantly reduced the likelihood of any alcohol use by 72% (P < .05). In addition, 3+ sessions of the intervention predicted fewer days of drinking in the follow‐up period, fewer drinks per week, and fewer days experiencing alcohol problems.ConclusionsFindings demonstrate that telemedicine may be a promising approach to deliver interventions with alcohol users who may not utilize formal treatment services. This method has potential to decrease some of the barriers to access and use of evidence‐based treatment for populations in need of services.
Income Distribution, Consumer Debt and Keeping up with the Joneses
Authors: Ryoo Soon , Kim Yun K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe extend Kaldor's theory of income distribution to include workers' debt accumulation and their motive to emulate rentiers' consumption. Our results show that (i) the interaction between income distribution and emulation can produce instability; (ii) instability is more likely when the workers' emulation motive is strong and bankers' lending decisions are highly accommodating; and (iii) a plausible assumption on the non‐linearity of emulation behavior can generate a limit cycle. Our analysis provides an alternative perspective on the increase in household indebtedness for the decades before the recent crisis and the subsequent deleveraging process.
Computing and Analyzing Mixed Equilibrium Network Flows with Gasoline and Electric Vehicles
Authors: Jiang Nan , Xie Chi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article addresses a new network equilibrium problem with mode and route choices for the emerging need of modeling regional transportation networks that accommodate both gasoline and electric vehicles. The two transportation modes (or vehicle types) distinguish from each other in terms of driving distance limit and travel cost composition. In view of the advantages (e.g., low fuel expenses and vehicle emissions) and disadvantages (e.g., limited driving range and long charging time) pertaining to driving electric vehicles, it is anticipated that a large number of households/motorists may prefer to own both gasoline and electric vehicles (although, of course, many households/motorists still only own gasoline vehicles (GVs) and some households may choose to own electric vehicles only) in the transition period from the petroleum era to the electricity era. The purpose of this article is to offer a traffic equilibrium modeling tool for networks that serve households/motorists who can choose between gasoline and electric vehicles. Specifically, we present a convex optimization model for characterizing such mixed equilibrium traffic networks with both gasoline and electric vehicles, which are expected to exist for a long period in the future. Two competing solution algorithms, a linear approximation algorithm of the Jacobi type and a quadratic approximation algorithm taking the form of the Gauss–Seidel decomposition, are implemented and evaluated. Experimental results clearly show that, from the model behavior perspective, the produced network flow patterns replicate the anticipated combined mode–route choice results, that is, the higher the distance limit or the gasoline price is, the more travelers choose battery electric vehicles (BEVs) when both BEVs and GVs are available to them; and, from the solution efficiency perspective, the quadratic approximation algorithm exhibits linear convergence and can reach higher solution precision in shorter time.
Wolbachia infection does not alter attraction of the mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti to human odours
Authors: TURLEY A. P. , SMALLEGANGE R. C. , TAKKEN W. , ZALUCKI M. P. , O'NEILL S. L. , MCGRAW E. A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe insect endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) is undergoing field trials around the world to determine if it can reduce transmission of dengue virus from the mosquito Stegomyia aegypti to humans. Two different Wolbachia strains have been released to date. The primary effect of the wMel strain is pathogen protection whereby infection with the symbiont limits replication of dengue virus inside the mosquito. A second strain, wMelPop, induces pathogen protection, reduces the adult mosquito lifespan and decreases blood feeding success in mosquitoes after 15 days of age. Here we test whether Wolbachia infection affects mosquito attraction to host odours in adults aged 5 and 15 days. We found no evidence of reduced odour attraction of mosquitoes, even for those infected with the more virulent wMelPop. This bodes well for fitness and competitiveness in the field given that the mosquitoes must find hosts to reproduce for the biocontrol method to succeed.
Ginseng treatment attenuates autophagic cell death in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy
Authors: Lim Sun Woo , Doh Kyoung Chan , Jin Long , Jin Jian , Piao Shang Guo , Heo Seong Beom , Chung Byung Ha , Yang Chul Woo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimsChronic cyclosporine (CsA) treatment induces autophagic cell death characterized by excessive autophagosome formation and decreased autophagic clearance. In this study, we evaluated the influence of ginseng treatment on autophagy in chronic CsA nephropathy.MethodsMice were treated with CsA (30 mg/kg) with or without Korean red ginseng (KRG) extract (0.2, 0.4 g/kg) for 4 weeks. The effect of KRG on CsA‐induced autophagosome formation was measured using phospholipid‐conjugated form of LC3‐II, beclin‐1, and autophagic vacuoles were visualized with electron microscopy. Autophagic clearance was evaluated by accumulation of p62/sequestosome 1 (p62) and ubiquitin, then double immunolabeling for p62 and either LC3‐II or ubiquitin. To demonstrate the association between the effects of KRG treatment on autophagy and apoptosis, double immunolabelling for LC3‐II and active caspase‐3 was performed. Multiple autophagy pathways were also examined.ResultsKRG co‐treatment significantly decreased the expression of LC3‐II, beclin‐1, and the number of autophagic vacuoles compared with the CsA group, and these changes were accompanied by improvements in renal dysfunction and fibrosis. CsA‐induced accumulation of p62 and ubiquitin was also decreased by KRG treatment, and these proteins were colocalized with LC3‐II and with each other. KRG treatment simultaneously reduced the expression of both active caspase‐3 and LC3‐II in the injured area. KRG treatment during chronic CsA nephropathy induced the expression of AKT/mTOR, which is a pathway that inhibits autophagy, and reduced AMPK expression.ConclusionGinseng treatment attenuated CsA‐induced excessive autophagosome formation and autophagic aggregates. These findings suggest that ginseng has a renoprotective effect against CsA‐induced autophagic cell death.
A cross‐sectional investigation of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms and health‐behavior participation in Australian university students
Authors: Lovell Geoff P. , Nash Kim , Sharman Rachael , Lane Ben R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTransitioning to university involves a major life change that can have implications for physical and mental health. This study had three objectives: first, assess the mental health and health‐behavior participation of Australian university students; second, evaluate clustering of health behaviors; and third, examine how mental health relates to health behaviors. University students (n = 751) enrolled at an Australian regional university completed an online survey containing the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales and a health‐behavior questionnaire. Over one‐third of students reported mild or higher mental illness symptoms and most reported engaging in multiple unhealthy behaviors. Furthermore, mental health was associated with unhealthy behaviors. For males, depressive symptoms were associated with skipping breakfast and poor sleep quality. For females, depressive symptoms were associated with skipping breakfast, inadequate vigorous physical activity, and short or long sleep hours. Stress symptoms in females were associated with healthy sleep hours, but poor sleep quality. Future research may consider whether an intervention targeting one or two key health behaviors has utility in improving participation in other health behaviors and mental health.
A role for LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES‐DOMAIN 16 during the interaction Arabidopsis–Meloidogyne spp. provides a molecular link between lateral root and root‐knot nematode feeding site development
Authors: Cabrera Javier , Díaz‐Manzano Fernando E. , Sanchez María , Rosso Marie‐Noëlle , Melillo Teresa , Goh Tatsuaki , Fukaki Hidehiro , Cabello Susana , Hofmann Julia , Fenoll Carmen , Escobar Carolina 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Plant endoparasitic nematodes induce the formation of their feeding cells by injecting effectors from the esophageal glands into root cells. Although vascular cylinder cells seem to be involved in the formation of root‐knot nematode (RKN) feeding structures, molecular evidence is scarce. We address the role during gall development of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES‐DOMAIN 16 (LBD16), a key component of the auxin pathway leading to the divisions in the xylem pole pericycle (XPP) for lateral root (LR) formation.

Arabidopsis T‐DNA tagged J0192 and J0121 XPP marker lines, LBD16 and DR5::GUS promoter lines, and isolated J0192 protoplasts were assayed for nematode‐dependent gene expression. Infection tests in LBD16 knock‐out lines were used for functional analysis.

J0192 and J0121 lines were activated in early developing galls and giant cells (GCs), resembling the pattern of the G2/M‐transition specific ProCycB1;1:CycB1;1(NT)‐GUS line. LBD16 was regulated by auxins in galls as in LRs, and induced by RKN secretions. LBD16 loss of function mutants and a transgenic line with defective XPP cells showed a significantly reduced infection rate.

The results show that genes expressed in the dividing XPP, particularly LBD16, are important for gall formation, as they are for LR development.
Relative in vitro growth rates of duckweeds (Lemnaceae) – the most rapidly growing higher plants
Authors: Ziegler P. , Adelmann K. , Zimmer S. , Schmidt C. , Appenroth K.‐J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRelative growth rates (RGR), doubling times (DT) and relative weekly yields (RY) of 39 clones (ecotypes) from 13 species representing all five genera of duckweeds were determined under standardised cultivation conditions. RGR ranged overall from 0.153 to 0.519 day−1, DT from 1.34 to 4.54 days and RY from 2.9 to 37.8 week−1. The RGR and RY data can be compared directly to other published findings to only a limited extent on account of missing clonal designations for and limited accessibility to previously investigated clones, as well as the use of different data denominators. However, they are consistent with the published results of other comparative duckweed studies of similar scope in showing that RGR does not vary primarily at the level of the genus or species, but rather reflects the adaptation of individual clones to specific local conditions. The RGR data support the widely held assumption that duckweeds can grow faster than other higher plants and that they can thus surpass land‐based agricultural crops in productivity. Duckweeds are highly promising for the production of biomass for nutrition and energy, but extensive clonal comparison will be required to identify the most suitable isolates for this purpose.
Novel bronchoscopic strategies for the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions: Present techniques and future directions
Authors: Gilbert Christopher , Akulian Jason , Amador Ricardo O. , Lee Hans , Yarmus Lonny 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe diagnosis of the peripheral lung lesion has been a long‐standing clinical challenge—balancing accuracy with patient safety. With recent data revealing mortality benefits with lung cancer screening via low‐dose computed tomography, now more than ever, clinicians will be challenged with the task of providing the means to provide a safe and minimally invasive method of obtaining accurate tissue diagnostics for the pulmonary nodule. In this review, we present available technologies to aid clinicians in attempts at minimally invasive techniques and the data supporting their use. In addition, we review novel tools under investigation that may further increase yield and provide additional benefit in obtaining an early diagnosis of lung cancer.
Discriminative and predictive properties of multidimensional prognostic indices of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A validation study in Taiwanese patients
Authors: Ou Chih‐Ying , Chen Chiung‐Zuei , Yu Chun‐Hsiang , Shiu Chih‐Hui , Hsiue Tzuen‐Ren 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a pulmonary disease with systemic involvement. Several multidimensional indices have been developed to predict long‐term outcomes. However, these indices have not been compared and validated in Taiwanese patients with COPD.MethodsA prospective, observational, hospital‐based study was designed, and a total of 621 patients were recruited from May 2006 to December 2011. Patients followed at least 1 year were enrolled and 594 patients eligible for inclusion. Three prognostic indices—the ADO (age, dyspnoea and airflow obstruction), BODEx (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea and exacerbations), and CPI (the COPD Prognostic Index)—were validated and the predictive power of each was analysed.ResultsThe median follow‐up of the 594 patients was 33 months (range 1–72 months), and the mortality rate was 19.2% (114 deaths). All indices were significantly predictive for all‐cause mortality in our validation cohort. Furthermore, the C statistics of the three indices, indicating their predictive accuracy, were all >0.7 (area under the curve of the CPI 0.718, P < 0.001, ADO 0.702, P < 0.001, BODEx 0.702, P < 0.001).ConclusionsADO, BODEx and CPI scores are useful predictors of all‐cause mortality with significantly discriminative properties in Taiwanese patients with COPD.
The Trade Competitiveness of Southern Emerging Economies: A Multidimensional Approach Through Cluster Analysis
Authors: Montalbano Pierluigi , Nenci Silvia 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates the trade competitiveness of the new emerging Southern economies – China, India, Brazil and South Africa (CIBS) – with respect to their main global partners. Starting from the commonly held view that countries with trade patterns similar to those of emerging countries are likely to suffer losses, we propose a multidimensional approach based on cluster analysis, both crisp and fuzzy, as an alternative strategy for assessing similarity in global trade patterns. On the basis of key trade characteristics drawn from the diverse strands of trade theory, we assess the relative position of CIBS within global trade patterns and their evolution over time. Unlike previous studies, our results do not support the hypothesis of the presence of a competitiveness threat from Southern emerging countries towards the main industrialised economies.