bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
21-Hydroxylase-Derived Steroids in Follicles of Nonobese Women Undergoing Ovarian Stimulation for In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Positively Correlate With Lipid Content of Luteinized Granulosa Cells (LGCs) as a Source of Cholesterol for Steroid Synthesis
Authors: Amin Marli , Simerman Ariel , Cho Michele , Singh Prapti , Briton-Jones Christine , Hill David , Grogan Tristan , Elashoff David , Clarke Nigel J. , Chazenbalk Gregorio D. , Dumesic Daniel A. 
Published: January 2014

Context:
Mineralocorticoid synthesis by the nonhuman primate periovulatory follicle enhances luteinization. Whether a similar event occurs in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) is unknown.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine whether human luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs) produce mineralocorticoids derived from 21-hydroxylase activity and also express mRNA for 21-hydroxylase and the mineralocorticoid receptor.

Design:
This was a prospective cohort study.

Setting:
The study was conducted at an academic center.

Patients:
LGC lipid content and follicle fluid (FF) hormone analysis was performed on 27 nonobese IVF women. LGCs from six additional nonobese IVF women were used for gene expression studies.

Intervention:
At oocyte retrieval, FF was aspirated from the first follicle (≥16 mm in size) of each ovary and pooled LGCs were collected.

Main Outcome Measures:
FF steroid analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. LGCs were stained with lipid fluorescent dye BODIPY FL C16 to estimate lipid content by confocal microscopy as a cholesterol source for steroidogenesis in vivo. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using LGCs to detect 21-hydroxylase and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression. Pearson correlation coefficients determined associations between FF steroid levels and LGC lipid content.

Results:
FF levels of the 21-hydroxylase-derived steroids, 11-deoxycorticosterone [DOC, 39.97, median (13.94–63.02) ng/mL] and 11-deoxycortisol [11DOC, 2.07 (0.69–5.01) ng/mL], along with the 21-hydroxylase precursor 17-hydroxyprogesterone [1268.21 (493.26–3558.39) ng/mL], positively correlated with LGC lipid content (84 ± 43 fluorescent units/sample) (P ≤ .05, all steroids). 21-Hydroxylase and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression was detected in LGCs.

Conclusions:
Human LGCs likely synthesize 21-hydroxylase-derived mineralocorticoids from cholesterol-containing lipid in vivo to promote postovulatory luteinization via mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated events.
Empirically Based Composite Fracture Prediction Model From the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women (GLOW)
Authors: FitzGerald Gordon , Compston Juliet E. , Chapurlat Roland D. , Pfeilschifter Johannes , Cooper Cyrus , Hosmer David W. , Adachi Jonathan D. , Anderson Frederick A. , Díez-Pérez Adolfo , Greenspan Susan L. , Netelenbos J. Coen , Nieves Jeri W. , Rossini Maurizio , Watts Nelson B. , Hooven Frederick H. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , March Lyn , Roux Christian , Saag Kenneth G. , Siris Ethel S. , Silverman Stuart , Gehlbach Stephen H. 
Published: January 2014

Context:
Several fracture prediction models that combine fractures at different sites into a composite outcome are in current use. However, to the extent individual fracture sites have differing risk factor profiles, model discrimination is impaired.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to improve model discrimination by developing a 5-year composite fracture prediction model for fracture sites that display similar risk profiles.

Design:
This was a prospective, observational cohort study.

Setting:
The study was conducted at primary care practices in 10 countries.

Patients:
Women aged 55 years or older participated in the study.

Intervention:
Self-administered questionnaires collected data on patient characteristics, fracture risk factors, and previous fractures.

Main Outcome Measure:
The main outcome is time to first clinical fracture of hip, pelvis, upper leg, clavicle, or spine, each of which exhibits a strong association with advanced age.

Results:
Of four composite fracture models considered, model discrimination (c index) is highest for an age-related fracture model (c index of 0.75, 47 066 women), and lowest for Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) major fracture and a 10-site model (c indices of 0.67 and 0.65). The unadjusted increase in fracture risk for an additional 10 years of age ranges from 80% to 180% for the individual bones in the age-associated model. Five other fracture sites not considered for the age-associated model (upper arm/shoulder, rib, wrist, lower leg, and ankle) have age associations for an additional 10 years of age from a 10% decrease to a 60% increase.

Conclusions:
After examining results for 10 different bone fracture sites, advanced age appeared the single best possibility for uniting several different sites, resulting in an empirically based composite fracture risk model.
The Von Hippel-Lindau Protein Suppresses Androgen Receptor Activity
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Wei , Ji Wei , Liu Xing , Ouyang Gang , Xiao Wuhan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a pivotal role in prostate homeostasis and prostate cancer development. To understand the mechanism underlying the regulation of the AR holds a promise for developing novel therapeutic approaches for prostate cancer. Here, we show that the Von Hippel-Lindau gene product, pVHL, physically interacts with AR and inhibits AR transcription activity but does not induce AR turnover. Moreover, pVHL also suppresses androgen-induced cell proliferation, implicating a physiological role of pVHL in androgen-induced signaling pathway. In addition, we provide evidence to show that pVHL actually enhanced AR de-ubiquitination instead of inducing AR ubiquitination, uncovering a noncanonical role of pVHL in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Our data reveal a novel function of pVHL in the regulation of AR transcription activity, which may expand the scope of pVHL in tumor suppression and provide mechanistic insight into prostate cancer initiation and progression.
Regioselective Mono-Deprotection of Di-tert-butylsilylene Acetal Derived from 1,3-Diol with Ammonium Fluoride
Authors: Ohtawa Masaki , Tomoda Hiroshi , Nagamitsu Tohru 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Here we report a novel and efficient method for the regioselective mono-deprotection of di-tert-butylsilylene acetals derived from 1,3-diols consisting of primary and secondary alcohols. The ammonium fluoride-mediated reactions of pyripyropene A derivative, thymidine and uridine derivatives, methyl β-d-glucofuranoside, and pyranoside derivatives each gave the corresponding primary alcohol with high regioselectivity.
Home, Parents, and Achievement Motivation: A Study of Key Home and Parental Factors that Predict Student Motivation and Engagement
Authors: Mansour Marianne , Martin Andrew J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe home and parental factors that predict achievement motivation are an important focus in research, because they are a clear point for potential educational and psychological support for students. The present study investigates the achievement motivation of high school students, in the context of parental and home factors such as home resources, in- and out-of-home parental assistance, parenting style, and parental involvement in the school. Among a sample of 100 Australian high school students, hierarchal multiple linear regression analyses were performed in order to determine the relative salience of the proposed home and parental factors predicting students' achievement motivation. Results demonstrated that over and above demographic factors such as age, gender and ethnicity, home and parental factors do indeed play a critical function in predicting student motivation and engagement. Specifically, the study reveals that home resources and parenting style are the most salient home and parental factors associated with key aspects of achievement motivation and engagement (planning, task management, teacher–student relationships — positively, and self-handicapping — negatively). These findings affirm the role of the home and parents in students' academic development. Implications for future research and practice harnessing the present findings are discussed.
Discourse in a coma; A comment on a comma in the title of Jean-François Lyotard’s Discourse, Figure
Authors: Rubinstein Daniel 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
One of the key claims in Jean-Francois Lyotard’s “Discourse, Figure” is that the dialectical method (the backbone of Western philosophy) tends to obscure and hide all which is invisible, illegible and sensual. Lyotard’s strategy in exposing this rift within language (and philosophy) is by way of showing that the distance between the sign and the referent should not be thought of as negation but as a form of expression. Instead of the dialectical relation between the image and the object Lyotard proposes radical heterogeneity that he names ‘thickness’. This paper examines Lyotard’s non-dialectical approach in relation to the title of the book and argues that the comma is positioned as the sensual technology that creates the possibility of discursive continuity.
Pixelizing atrocity
Authors: Adelman Rebecca A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A digital solution to the problems caused by US military personnel misusing their digital cameras, pixelization (the intentional post-production enlargement of pixels to obscure potentially disturbing content) has become a defining feature of newsmedia visualizations of American military atrocity during the War on Terror. Here, I consider the ethics and politics of pixelizing photographs depicting torture at Abu Ghraib, the exploits of the American ‘Kill Team’ in Afghanistan, and the carnality of US Marines urinating on the corpses of Taliban soldiers. Ostensibly, as a technique applied to those parts of the photograph that reveal the corporeal truth of war most graphically, such redaction is meant to protect the victims. But it also renders their appearance variable, subject to editorial whim, and pixelization alters not only the appearance of the photograph, but how it signifies. I query whether pixelization offers any meaningful redress for the victims and the extent to which it blunts photography’s capacity to document harm.
Photographically unconcealing the crimes: Christian Patterson’s Redheaded Peckerwood and Heidegger’s aletheia
Authors: Bennett Emma 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Photographic truth has traditionally been theorized on the basis of ‘correctness’, whereby the image’s mechanically produced correspondence to reality guarantees its truth. This article suggests that Christian Patterson’s photobook Redheaded Peckerwood (2011) engages with a notion of photographic truth that can more usefully be understood in relation to Martin Heidegger’s descriptions of truth as aletheia or ‘unconcealing’. By including ambiguity, mystery and fiction in this nonetheless seemingly truthful retelling of historical events, the work suggests that a straightforward notion of the photograph’s transparency to the world is insufficient to explain the truth of photography.
Syngas Production from Reforming of Methane with CO2 and O2 over LaNi1–xCoxO3 Perovskites
Authors: Jahangiri Alireza , Aghabozorg Hamidreza , Pahlavanzadeh Hassan , Towfighi Jafar 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The LaNi1–xCoxO3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1) perovskites were prepared by the citrate sol–gel method. The prepared compounds were characterized by using XRD, BET, ICP, SEM, EDS, TEM, TPR and TGA techniques, under the condition of as-synthesized and used samples. The results showed that the highly homogeneous and pure solids with particle sizes in the range of nanometers were obtained through this synthesis method. The XRD patterns of fresh catalysts indicated the formation of well-crystallized perovskite structure with LaNiO3 and LaCoO3 as the main phases present on the solids depending on the amount of Co-substitution. TPR analysis revealed that the reduction of the solids was more difficult when increasing the degree of substitution (x). The effects of the partial substitution of Ni by Co and reaction temperatures at atmospheric pressure were investigated in the combined reforming of methane with CO2 and O2 (CRM), after reduction of the samples under hydrogen. LaNiO3 exhibited high activity and selectivity without coke formation between all of the studied perovskites. For LaNi1–xCoxO3 perovskites, it was observed a trend to decrease the catalytic activity with increasing the Co-doping level.
Transesterification of Sunflower Oil in Microreactors
Authors: Bhoi Rohidas , Sen Nirvik , Singh K. K. , Mahajani Sanjay M. , Shenoy K. T. , Rao Hanmanth , Ghosh S. K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractKOH catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil using methanol has been studied in different types of microreactors. All the microreactors consist of a serpentine microchannel etched in a glass chip but have different types of microfluidic junctions (dispersing devices). First microreactor consists of a T-type microfluidic junction. The second microreactor has a †-type microfluidic junction. The third microreactor uses a split and recombine micromixer to generate the dispersion. Effects of temperature, flow rate, and feed molar ratio on the conversion of triglyceride (TG) have been studied. In some cases, conversion of TG is not found to change monotonically with change in flow rate. An attempt has been made to explain this seemingly unusual trend, and the explanations are substantiated using the liquid–liquid two-phase flow patterns observed using a high-speed image acquisition system. The results from the experiments conducted in this study indicate that it is possible to get very high TG conversion (>90%) with residence time less than a minute.
The effect of alogliptin and pioglitazone combination therapy on various aspects of β-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes
Authors: Van Raalte Daniël H , van Genugten Renate E , Eliasson Björn , Möller-Goede Diane L , Mari Andrea , Tura Andrea , Wilson Craig , Fleck Penny , Taskinen Marja R , Smith Ulf , Diamant Michaela 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management requires continuous treatment intensification due to progressive decline in β-cell function in insulin resistant individuals. Initial combination therapy of a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor with a thiazolidinedione (TZD) may be rational. We assessed the effects of the DPP4 inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) combined with the TZD pioglitazone (PIO), vs ALO monotherapy or placebo (PBO), on β-cell function and glycemic control in T2DM.Material and methodsA 16-week, two-center, randomized, double-blind, PBO-controlled, parallel-arm intervention study in 71 patients with well-controlled T2DM (age 59.1±6.3 years; A1C 6.7±0.1%) treated with metformin, sulfonylurea, or glinide monotherapy was conducted. Patients were treated with combined ALO 25 mg and PIO 30 mg daily or ALO 25 mg daily monotherapy or PBO. Main outcome measures included change in A1C and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline to week 16. In addition, change in β-cell function parameters obtained from standardized meal tests at baseline and at week 16 was measured.ResultsALO/PIO and ALO decreased A1C from baseline by 0.9±0.1 and 0.4±0.2% respectively (both P<0.001 vs PBO). FPG was decreased to a greater extent by ALO/PIO compared with ALO monotherapy (P<0.01). ALO/PIO treatment improved β-cell glucose sensitivity (vs PBO; P<0.001) and fasting secretory tone (vs PBO; P=0.001), while ALO monotherapy did not change β-cell function parameters. All treatments were well tolerated.ConclusionShort-term treatment with ALO/PIO or ALO improved glycemic control in well-controlled T2DM patients, but only combined ALO/PIO improved β-cell function. These data support that initial combination therapy with a DPP4 inhibitor and TZD to address multiple core defects in T2DM may be a sensible approach.
Usefulness of Symptoms to Screen for Celiac Disease
Authors: Rosén Anna , Sandström Olof , Carlsson Annelie , Högberg Lotta , Olén Ola , Stenlund Hans , Ivarsson Anneli 
Published: January 2014

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the frequency of symptoms and associated conditions among screening-detected celiac disease (CD) cases and non-CD children and to evaluate questionnaire-based case-finding targeting the general population.

METHODS:
In a population-based CD screening of 12-year-olds, children and their parents completed questionnaires on CD-associated symptoms and conditions before knowledge of CD status. Questionnaire data for those who had their CD detected in the screening (n = 153) were compared with those of children with normal levels of CD markers (n = 7016). Hypothetical case-finding strategies were also evaluated. Questionnaires were returned by 7054 (98%) of the children and by 6294 (88%) of their parents.

RESULTS:
Symptoms were as common among screening-detected CD cases as among non-CD children. The frequency of children with screening-detected CD was similar when comparing the groups with and without any CD-related symptoms (2.1% vs 2.1%; P = .930) or CD-associated conditions (3.6% vs 2.1%; P = .07). Case-finding by asking for CD-associated symptoms and/or conditions would have identified 52 cases (38% of all cases) at a cost of analyzing blood samples for 2282 children (37%) in the study population.

CONCLUSIONS:
The current recommended guidelines for finding undiagnosed CD cases, so-called active case-finding, fail to identify the majority of previously undiagnosed cases if applied in the general population of Swedish 12-year-olds. Our results warrant further studies on the effectiveness of CD case-finding in the pediatric population, both at the clinical and population-based levels.
Emergency Department Visits Resulting From Intentional Injury In and Out of School
Authors: Amanullah Siraj , Heneghan Julia A. , Steele Dale W. , Mello Michael J. , Linakis James G. 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Previous studies have reported concerning numbers of injuries to children in the school setting. The objective was to understand temporal and demographic trends in intentional injuries in the school setting and to compare these with intentional injuries outside the school setting.METHODS:Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System–All Injury Program from 2001 to 2008 were analyzed to assess emergency department visits (EDVs) after an intentional injury.RESULTS:There were an estimated 7 397 301 total EDVs due to injuries sustained at school from 2001 to 2008. Of these, an estimated 736 014 (10%) were reported as intentional (range: 8.5%–10.7% for the study time period). The overall risk of an EDV after an intentional injury in school was 2.33 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.93–2.82) when compared with an EDV after an intentional injury outside the school setting. For intentional injury–related EDVs originating in the school setting, multivariate regression identified several demographic risk factors: 10- to 14-year-old (odds ratio [OR]: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.10–2.27) and 15- to 19-year-old (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.01–2.82) age group, black (OR: 4.14; 95% CI: 2.94–5.83) and American Indian (OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 2.06–2.99) race, and Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 3.67; 95% CI: 2.02–6.69). The odds of hospitalization resulting from intentional injury–related EDV compared with unintentional injury–related EDVs was 2.01 (95% CI: 1.50–2.69) in the school setting. These odds were found to be 5.85 (95% CI: 4.76–7.19) in the outside school setting.CONCLUSIONS:The findings of this study suggest a need for additional prevention strategies addressing school-based intentional injuries.
School-Based Health Promotion and Physical Activity During and After School Hours
Authors: Vander Ploeg Kerry A. , McGavock Jonathan , Maximova Katerina , Veugelers Paul J. 
Published: January 2014

OBJECTIVES:
Comprehensive school health (CSH) is a multifaceted approach to health promotion. A key objective of CSH is to foster positive health behaviors outside of school. This study examined the 2-year change in physical activity during and after school among students participating in a CSH intervention in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

METHODS:
This was a quasi-experimental, pre–post trial with a parallel, nonequivalent control group. Intervention schools had to be located in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. In the spring of 2009 and 2011, pedometer recordings (7 full days) and demographic data were collected from cross-sectional samples of fifth grade students from 10 intervention schools and 20 comparison schools. A total of 1157 students participated in the study. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders and the clustered design.

RESULTS:
Relative to 2009, children in 2011 were more active on schools days (1172 steps per day; P &lt; .001) and on weekends (1450 steps per day; P &lt; .001). However, the increase in mean steps between 2009 and 2011 was greater in CSH intervention schools than in comparison schools (school days: 1221 steps per day; P = .009; weekends: 2001 steps per day; P = .005). These increases remained significant after adjusting for gender and overweight status.

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings provide evidence of the effectiveness of CSH to affect children’s physical activity during and outside of school. Results of this study justify broader implementation of effective CSH interventions for physical activity promotion and obesity prevention in the long term.
Reconstruction of impact force on elastic structures by using direct Bayesian approach
Authors: Samagassi S. , Khamlichi A. , Driouach A. , Limam A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this work, reconstruction of pressure time signal rising during a non-punctual impact occurring on an elastic structure has been achieved through using direct Bayesian approach. This was performed by means of posterior distribution of probabilities integrating the likelihood and prior random information. In the case of a noisy linear system for which the densities of probabilities associated to the prior information and noise could be assumed to be Gaussians and mutually independent, a new algorithm consisting of two steps was proposed. The first step works like a Wiener filter action and enables to determine the input pressure mean, while the second step yields evaluations of variability of the input pressure signal around that mean. It was found that the proposed method achieved perfect reconstruction of the original pressure taken at the input of the system.