bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the effect of applying a crossed magnetic field on the insulator flashover behavior in high vacuum
Authors: Abu-Elabass K. 
Published: September 2015

In this study, a possible method of reducing the flashover stress is achieved by the effect of an additional magnetic field in the transverse direction on the main applied electric field. The degree of vacuum used in this study was [Formula: see text] Pa. The magnetic flux density B employed in this study extends from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] T. From the results obtained throughout this work, the transverse magnetic field increases the flashover voltage and decreases the leakage current. The effect of the transverse magnetic field on the surface flashover of the dielectric solid in vacuum shows a marked dependence on the material and the thickness of the test specimen, the vacuum degree, the type of electric field (AC or DC) as well as the type of magnetic field (AC or DC).
Single-Molecule Supercoil Relaxation Assay as a Screening Tool to Determine the Mechanism and Efficacy of Human Topoisomerase IB Inhibitors
Authors: Seol Yeonee , Zhang Hongliang , Agama Keli , Lorence Nicholas , Pommier Yves , Neuman Keir C. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Human nuclear type IB topoisomerase (Top1) inhibitors are widely used and powerful anticancer agents. In this study, we introduce and validate a single-molecule supercoil relaxation assay as a molecular pharmacology tool for characterizing therapeutically relevant Top1 inhibitors. Using this assay, we determined the effects on Top1 supercoil relaxation activity of four Top1 inhibitors; three clinically relevant: camptothecin, LMP-400, LMP-776 (both indenoisoquinoline derivatives), and one natural product in preclinical development, lamellarin-D. Our results demonstrate that Top1 inhibitors have two distinct effects on Top1 activity: a decrease in supercoil relaxation rate and an increase in religation inhibition. The type and magnitude of the inhibition mode depend both on the specific inhibitor and on the topology of the DNA substrate. In general, the efficacy of inhibition is significantly higher with supercoiled than with relaxed DNA substrates. Comparing single-molecule inhibition with cell growth inhibition (IC50) measurements showed a correlation between the binding time of the Top1 inhibitors and their cytotoxic efficacy, independent of the mode of inhibition. This study demonstrates that the single-molecule supercoil relaxation assay is a sensitive method to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of Top1 inhibitors and is relevant for the cellular efficacy of Top1 inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(11); 2552–9. ©2015 AACR.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health During Adult Life and Cardiovascular Structure and Function Among the Elderly
Authors: Shah Amil M. , Claggett Brian , Folsom Aaron R. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Heiss Gerardo , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: September 2015

Background—
A higher American Heart Association cardiovascular health score (CVHS) predicts a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the relationship of CVHS attainment through midlife to late life with CVD prevalence and cardiovascular structure and function in late life is not well described.

Methods and Results—

The following 6 ideal cardiovascular health metrics were assessed in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants at 5 examination visits between 1987 and 2013: nonsmoking, body mass index <25 kg/m
2
, untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure <120/<80 mm Hg, fasting blood glucose <100 mg/dL, and ideal physical activity. Attainment over time was assessed as the percentage of maximum possible CVHS metrics achieved at visits 1 through 5, the slope of change in CVHS per decade of follow-up, and CVHS trajectory through follow-up. At visit 5, participant groups were characterized with respect to CVD prevalence (n=6520) and echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function (n=5903 free of CVD). CVHS was low at baseline and declined with age. Both greater CVHS attainment and improvement in CVHS during follow-up were associated with a lower prevalence of CVD and better left ventricular structure and systolic and diastolic function at visit 5.

Conclusions—
Greater attainment of, and improvements in, ideal cardiovascular health through midlife to late life are associated with lower CVD prevalence and better cardiovascular structure and function when elderly. These findings highlight the importance of consistent primordial and primary prevention efforts throughout midlife to late life as a potential intervention to decrease the burden of CVD among the elderly.
Monitoring Different Phonological Parameters of Sign Language Engages the Same Cortical Language Network but Distinctive Perceptual Ones
Authors: Cardin Velia , Orfanidou Eleni , Kästner Lena , Rönnberg Jerker , Woll Bencie , Capek Cheryl M. , Rudner Mary 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe study of signed languages allows the dissociation of sensorimotor and cognitive neural components of the language signal. Here we investigated the neurocognitive processes underlying the monitoring of two phonological parameters of sign languages: handshape and location. Our goal was to determine if brain regions processing sensorimotor characteristics of different phonological parameters of sign languages were also involved in phonological processing, with their activity being modulated by the linguistic content of manual actions. We conducted an fMRI experiment using manual actions varying in phonological structure and semantics: (1) signs of a familiar sign language (British Sign Language), (2) signs of an unfamiliar sign language (Swedish Sign Language), and (3) invented nonsigns that violate the phonological rules of British Sign Language and Swedish Sign Language or consist of nonoccurring combinations of phonological parameters. Three groups of participants were tested: deaf native signers, deaf nonsigners, and hearing nonsigners. Results show that the linguistic processing of different phonological parameters of sign language is independent of the sensorimotor characteristics of the language signal. Handshape and location were processed by different perceptual and task-related brain networks but recruited the same language areas. The semantic content of the stimuli did not influence this process, but phonological structure did, with nonsigns being associated with longer RTs and stronger activations in an action observation network in all participants and in the supramarginal gyrus exclusively in deaf signers. These results suggest higher processing demands for stimuli that contravene the phonological rules of a signed language, independently of previous knowledge of signed languages. We suggest that the phonological characteristics of a language may arise as a consequence of more efficient neural processing for its perception and production.
Preference for Audiovisual Speech Congruency in Superior Temporal Cortex
Authors: Lüttke Claudia S. , Ekman Matthias , van Gerven Marcel A. J. , de Lange Floris P. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Auditory speech perception can be altered by concurrent visual information. The superior temporal cortex is an important combining site for this integration process. This area was previously found to be sensitive to audiovisual congruency. However, the direction of this congruency effect (i.e., stronger or weaker activity for congruent compared to incongruent stimulation) has been more equivocal. Here, we used fMRI to look at the neural responses of human participants during the McGurk illusion—in which auditory /aba/ and visual /aga/ inputs are fused to perceived /ada/—in a large homogenous sample of participants who consistently experienced this illusion. This enabled us to compare the neuronal responses during congruent audiovisual stimulation with incongruent audiovisual stimulation leading to the McGurk illusion while avoiding the possible confounding factor of sensory surprise that can occur when McGurk stimuli are only occasionally perceived. We found larger activity for congruent audiovisual stimuli than for incongruent (McGurk) stimuli in bilateral superior temporal cortex, extending into the primary auditory cortex. This finding suggests that superior temporal cortex prefers when auditory and visual input support the same representation.
Communicative Signals Promote Object Recognition Memory and Modulate the Right Posterior STS
Authors: Redcay Elizabeth , Ludlum Ruth S. , Velnoskey Kayla R. , Kanwal Simren 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Detection of communicative signals is thought to facilitate knowledge acquisition early in life, but less is known about the role these signals play in adult learning or about the brain systems supporting sensitivity to communicative intent. The current study examined how ostensive gaze cues and communicative actions affect adult recognition memory and modulate neural activity as measured by fMRI. For both the behavioral and fMRI experiments, participants viewed a series of videos of an actress acting on one of two objects in front of her. Communicative context in the videos was manipulated in a 2 × 2 design in which the actress either had direct gaze (Gaze) or wore a visor (NoGaze) and either pointed at (Point) or reached for (Reach) one of the objects (target) in front of her. Participants then completed a recognition memory task with old (target and nontarget) objects and novel objects. Recognition memory for target objects in the Gaze conditions was greater than NoGaze, but no effects of gesture type were seen. Similarly, the fMRI video-viewing task revealed a significant effect of Gaze within right posterior STS (pSTS), but no significant effects of Gesture. Furthermore, pSTS sensitivity to Gaze conditions was related to greater memory for objects viewed in Gaze, as compared with NoGaze, conditions. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the ostensive, communicative signal of direct gaze preceding an object-directed action enhances recognition memory for attended items and modulates the pSTS response to object-directed actions. Thus, establishment of a communicative context through ostensive signals remains an important component of learning and memory into adulthood, and the pSTS may play a role in facilitating this type of social learning.
Dis/unity of Knowledge: Models for the Study of Modern Esotericism and Science
Authors: Asprem Egil 
Published: September 2015

Research on relations between esotericism and science exhibits a fundamental asymmetry. While historians of science have been eager to uncover esoteric contexts for early modern sciences, scholars of modern esoteric movements look almost solely at esotericism in the context of scientific progress. This asymmetry is largely due to a division of intellectual labor following lines of specialization in the humanities. The early modern period has been of supreme interest for historians of science, who have applied their expertise to uncovering important connections. In contrast, late modern esoteric thought has almost exclusively fallen under the purview of religious studies scholars, who lack the tools (and often the interest) to dissect the workings of the sciences. The result has been that, for relations of science and esotericism in the late modern period, the prevailing picture has been one of a unidirectional influence from “proper” science to a culturally parasitic esoteric discourse.The present article aims to remedy this asymmetry. A systematization and evaluation of existing approaches to esotericism/science leads to an argument that new methodology and conceptual tools are needed for a sufficient analysis of esotericism/science relations in the modern world to develop. These tools are found in the interdisciplinary field of science and technology studies.
The fiddler crab, Uca bengali Crane, 1975: population biology and burrow characteristics on a riverbank in southern Thailand
Authors: Tina Fahmida Wazed , Jaroensutasinee Mullica , Sutthakiet Onprang , Jaroensutasinee Krisanadej 
Published: September 2015

We studied the population structure ofUca bengaliCrane, 1975 (crab density, sex ratio, and body size (i.e., carapace length and width, major claw length and width)), along with burrow characteristics (diameter, length, depth, and volume) as well as sediment characteristics (percent moisture content and organic matter) along a bank gradient at three distances (2, 4 and 6 m) from the edge of a tidal river. The results showed no differences in crab density, sex ratio, and body size among the three distances. The percent moisture content at 2 m distance was higher than at 4 and 6 m, and the percentage organic matter at 2 m distance was higher than at 6 m distance. Burrows were shorter in length, shallower in depth, and smaller in volume at 2 m distance, but these measures increased with increasing distance from the river edge. Both males and females made three distinct burrow shapes: I, J and U; the J-shaped burrows were the most numerous at all distances.
<strong>Additions to the moss floras of Solomon Islands and several countries of tropical Asia</strong>
Authors: Enroth Johannes 
Published: September 2015

The following new records are presented: Solomon Islands: Plagiotheciopsis oblonga (Broth.) Broth,; Malaysia: Neckera warburgii Broth. (Himantocladium warburgii (Broth.) Fleisch.); Vietnam: Taiwanobryum speciosum Nog,; Laos: Himantocladium formosicum Broth. & Yas,; India: Thamnobryum alleghaniense (C.Müll.) Nieuwl.; Nepal: Himantocladium cyclophyllum (C.Müll.) Fleisch. and Homaliadelphus targionianus (Mitt.) Dix. & P. Varde; Bhutan: Neckera muratae Nog., N. polyclada C.Müll., Neckeropsis exserta (Hook.) Broth., Himantocladium cyclophyllum, Pinnatella alopecuroides (Hook.) Fleisch., P. calcutensis Fleisch., Porotrichum fruticosum (Brid.) Jaeg. and Handeliobryum sikkimense (Par.) Ochyra. Hypnum schmidii C.Müll. (Thamnobryum schmidii (C.Müll.) Chopra) is lectotypified and synonymized with Thamnobryum alleghaniense. Discovery of the sporophyte of Himantocladium warburgii in dicates that the species belongs to Neckera Hedw.
Women Undergoing Coronary Angiography for Myocardial Infarction or Who Present With Multivessel Disease Have a Poorer Prognosis Than Men
Authors: Gijsberts Crystel M. , Santema Bernadet T. , Asselbergs Folkert W. , de Kleijn Dominique P. V. , Voskuil Michiel , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Cramer Maarten J. , Vaartjes Ilonca , Hoefer Imo E. , Pasterkamp Gerard , den Ruijter Hester M. 
Published: September 2015

Background: Coronary artery disease affects both men and women. In this study, we examine sex-specific differences in occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after coronary angiography. Methods: We analyzed data from the coronary angiography cohort Utrecht Coronary Biobank (n = 1283 men, 480 women). Using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox-regression, we tested for sex differences in MACE occurrence. Additionally, we compared mortality with an age- and sex-matched control group from the general Dutch population. Results: During a median follow-up of 2.1 years (interquartile range 1.6-2.8), MACEs occurred in 265 men and 103 women (20.7% vs 21.3%, P = .744). Women with myocardial infarction (MI) had significantly more MACE during follow-up than men (hazard ratio [HR] 1.66 for female sex, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-2.50, P = .015), which was also the case for women who had multivessel disease (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.03-1.94, P = .031). During follow-up, mortality in women presenting with MI was higher than mortality of women in the general population; men with MI did not show this disadvantage. Conclusion: MACEs occurred more often in women than in men who presented with MI or who had angiographic multivessel disease upon coronary angiography. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02304744. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02304744 .
The impact of cognitive symptoms on migraine attack-related disability
Authors: Gil-Gouveia Raquel , Oliveira António G , Martins Isabel Pavão 
Published: September 2015

Background The socio-economic impact of migraine is mostly related to work loss either by absenteeism or decreased work performance. Migraine-associated cognitive dysfunction during an attack may contribute to these difficulties. Objective The objective of this article is to analyze the presence and relevance of cognitive symptoms during migraine attacks and to relate their intensity and symptom-related disability with other migraine-defining symptoms. Methods Consecutive migraine patients of a headache clinic completed diaries scoring each migraine symptom (including cognitive symptoms) intensity and symptom-related disability. Results Of 100 consecutive patients included in this study, 34 (all females, age average 31.8 ± 8.8 years) returned information on 229 attacks, on average 6.7 per participant. Every symptom’s intensity was always rated slightly higher than the disability it caused. Pain was the symptom scored with the highest intensity and disability, followed by cognitive symptoms (difficulty in thinking and worsening with mental effort) and photo- and phonophobia. Scoring was independent of any of the clinical variables. Attack intensity and disability scores correlated with intensity and disability from pain and from worsening with mental effort. Conclusions Attack-related cognitive symptoms are intense and disabling. Some attack-related cognitive symptoms correlate to intensity and disability subjectively attributed to the migraine attack. Cognitive performance should be addressed as a valuable secondary endpoint in trials of acute migraine treatment.
Long-Term Outcome of Open Plantar Fascia Release
Authors: MacInnes Alasdair , Roberts Sam C. , Kimpton Jessica , Pillai Anand 
Published: September 2015

Background: Plantar fasciitis is thought to be a self-limiting condition best treated by conservative measures, but despite this many patients have a prolonged duration of symptoms and surgery may be indicated. Partial plantar fascial release is reported to have a short-term success rate of up to 80%, but anecdotally this was not thought to represent our local experience. Methods: An audit of long-term patient-reported outcomes following open partial plantar fascia release was performed. A total of 30 patients (33 feet) were identified over a 10-year period and case notes were reviewed. Patients were contacted by letter and invited to complete 2 validated patient-reported outcome score questionnaires (Visual Analog Scale–Foot and Ankle [VAS-FA] and Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire [MOXFQ]). Responses were received from 24 patients (26 feet). The average ages were 42.4 (range 24-61) for male and 46.2 (range 33-60) for female patients, with a female/male ratio of 2.7:1. The average duration of treatment prior to operative intervention was 3.1 years (range 1-5). Preoperatively, our cohort underwent a range of conservative measures. All patients were reviewed postoperatively, and average time from surgery to completion of questionnaires was 80 months (range 14-130). Results: The outcomes were worse in patients who had received preoperative steroid injections and this was found to be statistically significant. The mean MOXFQ score was 33.6 ± 3.9 (0-64). Mean VAS-FA score was 57.8 ± 4.9 (24-100). Conclusion: This study found a negative correlation between duration of follow-up and outcome, in both MOXFQ and VAS-FA, showing that patients continued to improve many years postoperatively. The authors also found worse outcomes with preoperative steroid injections, better outcomes in older patients, and a weak gender bias, suggesting results in men were better than those in women. A prolonged recovery period and generally poor outcomes leads the authors to suggest that open plantar fascia release is of questionable clinical value and that patients may improve in the natural course of the disease, in spite of surgery. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
Results of Arthroscopic Subtalar Arthrodesis for Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity vs Posttraumatic Arthritis
Authors: Vilá y Rico Jesús , Jiménez Díaz Verónica , Bravo Giménez Beatriz , Mellado Romero María Ángeles , Ojeda Thies Cristina 
Published: September 2015

Background: The goal of this study was to compare results with arthroscopic posterior subtalar arthrodesis between patients treated for adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) due to posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and patients with posttraumatic subtalar arthritis. Methods: Retrospective case series of 61 consecutive patients (group 1: posttraumatic arthritis, n = 37; group 2: AAFD, n = 24) averaging 49 years of age (range, 21-72 years) undergoing posterior arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis via 1 or 2 percutaneous 6.5- to 7.3-mm screws, with a mean follow-up of 57.5 months (range, 24-105 months). Fusion was defined as the appearance of bony trabeculae across the subtalar joint on standard x-rays, along with clinical signs of union. Results: Patients with posttraumatic arthritis (group 1) were more predominantly male and younger than patients treated for AAFD (group 2). Overall, we achieved a 95.1% radiologic union rate after an average of 11.7 weeks. Complications appeared in 14.8% of patients. Union rate and complications did not differ significantly between groups. American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores improved significantly for both patient groups, although patients with AAFD showed significantly larger improvement and higher postoperative AOFAS scores, even after adjusting for age and sex (mean improvement in AOFAS scores: 27.0 ± 9.1 points for the posttraumatic arthritis group vs 34.9 ± 7.4 points for the AAFD group; P < .001). Conclusions: Arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis was a safe and reliable technique, with consistent improvement in AOFAS scores throughout different patient subgroups, as well as comparable time to union and complication rates. Improvements were larger for patients treated for AAFD, even after adjusting for age and sex. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective case series.
Computed Tomography Evaluation of Density Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of Nonspine Bone Metastases
Authors: McDonald Rachel , Probyn Linda , Poon Ian , Erler Darby , Brotherston Drew , Soliman Hany , Cheung Patrick , Chung Hans , Chu William , Loblaw Andrew , Thavarajah Nemica , Lang Catherine , Chin Lee , Chow Edward , Sahgal Arjun 
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Stereotactic body radiation therapy allows for the precise delivery of high-dose radiation to disease sites and is becoming increasingly used to treat nonspine bone metastases. Previous studies have shown that remineralization of lytic bone metastases follows after conventional radiotherapy. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in bone density in nonspine bone metastases following stereotactic body radiation therapy. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for all patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy to nonspine bone metastases between May 2011 and April 2014. A minimum of 1 pretreatment and 1 posttreatment computed tomography scan was required. An independent musculoskeletal radiologist contoured the lesions on the most representative computed tomography slices. Density was measured in Hounsfield units and analyzed using pretreatment and posttreatment ratios. Results: Forty sites were treated (55% lytic, 30% sclerotic, and 15% mixed). The median follow-up duration was 7 months. Lytic osseous metastases from renal cell carcinoma progressed during initial follow-up imaging and then returned to baseline. Of 9 lytic lesions not from renal cell carcinoma, 6 showed an immediate increase in density and 2 remained stable. Six of 7 sclerotic lesions from prostate cancer showed decreased density throughout all follow-ups. Conclusion: Stereotactic body radiation therapy is efficacious in the remineralization of lytic and demineralization of sclerotic nonspine bone metastases.