bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Fragmentomics Enables Early and Accurate Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cao Yuepeng , Wang Nannan , Wu Xuxiaochen , Tang Wanxiangfu , Bao Hua , Si Chengshuai , Shao Peng , Li Dongzheng , Zhou Xin , Zhu Dongqin , Yang Shanshan , Wang Fufeng , Su Guoqing , Wang Ke , Wang Qifan , Zhang Yao , Wang Qiangcheng , Yu Dongsheng , Jiang Qian , Bao Jun , Yang Liu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Colorectal cancer is frequently diagnosed in advanced stages, highlighting the need for developing approaches for early detection. Liquid biopsy using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentomics is a promising approach, but the clinical application is hindered by complexity and cost. This study aimed to develop an integrated model using cfDNA fragmentomics for accurate, cost-effective early-stage colorectal cancer detection. Plasma cfDNA was extracted and sequenced from a training cohort of 360 participants, including 176 patients with colorectal cancer and 184 healthy controls. An ensemble stacked model comprising five machine learning models was employed to distinguish patients with colorectal cancer from healthy controls using five cfDNA fragmentomic features. The model was validated in an independent cohort of 236 participants (117 patients with colorectal cancer and 119 controls) and a prospective cohort of 242 participants (129 patients with colorectal cancer and 113 controls). The ensemble stacked model showed remarkable discriminatory power between patients with colorectal cancer and controls, outperforming all base models and achieving a high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.986 in the validation cohort. It reached 94.88% sensitivity and 98% specificity for detecting colorectal cancer in the validation cohort, with sensitivity increasing as the cancer progressed. The model also demonstrated consistently high accuracy in within-run and between-run tests and across various conditions in healthy individuals. In the prospective cohort, it achieved 91.47% sensitivity and 95.58% specificity. This integrated model capitalizes on the multiplex nature of cfDNA fragmentomics to achieve high sensitivity and robustness, offering significant promise for early colorectal cancer detection and broad patient benefit.
Significance: The development of a minimally invasive, efficient approach for early colorectal cancer detection using advanced machine learning to analyze cfDNA fragment patterns could expedite diagnosis and improve treatment outcomes for patients.
See related commentary by Rolfo and Russo, p. 3128
The Regional Climate Center Program—Past, Present, and Future: Reflections from 40 Years of Regional Climate Services
Authors: Umphlett Natalie A. , Brown Timothy J. , Konrad Charles E. , Wall Tamara U. , Hall Beth L. , DeGaetano Arthur T. , Nielsen-Gammon John W. , Mahmood Rezaul , Houston Tamara G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Since its inception in 1983, NOAA’s Regional Climate Center (RCC) Program has been providing timely, customized climate services for decision making across all climate-sensitive sectors. Through this 40-yr period, the RCC Program has not only seen but also has played an active role in, the evolution of climate services from the days of climate data libraries—where books of data were consulted to fulfill simple data requests—to coproduced tools that can calculate sectoral-specific, on-the-fly climate analyses in a matter of seconds. With new technologies emerging, the RCC Program is poised to build on its reputation as a trusted climate service provider by incorporating advanced methods for climate service delivery to continue to meet the needs of the nation. This publication will provide a look back at the evolution of regional climate services over the past 40 years, along with a vision for the future.
Imprint of Diabatic Processes in the Waviness of the Jet Stream: An Analysis of Local Wave Activity Budget
Authors: Lee Hung-I , Nakamura Noboru 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Given the widespread presence of clouds in the midlatitudes, one expects significant effects of condensational and radiative processes on the large-scale circulation of the atmosphere, but these diabatic effects are hard to constrain from observation. The authors propose a simple method to estimate the diabatic effects on the waviness of the jet stream based on the observed column-mean budget of Rossby wave activity. Wave activity in the midlatitudes is maintained by injection due to surface baroclinicity and/or diabatic sources, downstream transport due to advection and wave radiation, and eventual dissipation through mixing and thermal damping. Once the diabatic sources of wave activity are identified from the residual of the budget, one can suppress them and recompute the budget assuming that the transport velocity and damping rate do not change and thereby assess the impact of the diabatic sources. For the Northern Hemisphere, we found significant positive values of the residual in regions coincident with high column cloud water, suggesting that there are diabatic sources of wave activity associated with clouds. In winter, maritime diabatic sources contribute to wave activity over the Atlantic and the Pacific by about 33% and 30%, respectively, while in summer, the numbers are lower. The estimates are based on the assumptions that the perturbed wave sources do not alter the flow and that sources and sinks are geographically separated. For the Southern Hemisphere, this last assumption is questionable, and therefore, the confidence level of the estimates is low.
Recognising dying in motor neurone disease: A scoping review
Authors: Abbey Elizabeth , Ali Maimoona , Cooper Matthew , Taylor Paul , Mayland Catriona R 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Timely identification of dying in motor neurone disease enables optimal care, yet we know that healthcare professionals can fail to recognise when death is approaching. Clinical factors help predict the end of life in other terminal conditions. Examining these principles in motor neurone disease would help guide more accurate recognition of this critical phase. Aim: To examine and map out what is known about dying in patients with motor neurone disease, and the recognition of dying by healthcare professionals. Design: A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework. Data sources: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHL) and grey literature were searched on the 10th May 2023. Reference lists and citations were also reviewed. Results: From 1512 articles, 13 studies were included. Dyspnoea, anxiety and pain were the most common symptoms associated with the dying phase. Worsening respiratory function, the development of specific new symptoms and deteriorating symptom control suggested approaching death. No studies reported changes in vital signs or biomarkers associated with dying. Barriers to the recognition of dying by healthcare professionals included a rapid and unpredictable terminal decline. Conclusions: Dying in motor neurone disease is associated with patterns of symptoms and signs, however evidence is limited compared with other terminal conditions and requires further exploration. The characteristic sudden and unpredictable terminal decline is a key barrier to recognition of dying by healthcare professionals. Optimising advance care planning is one approach to navigate these complex, unpredictable clinical situations.
Influence of TP53 gene mutations and their allelic status in myelodysplastic syndromes with isolated 5q deletion
Authors: Montoro Maria Julia , Palomo Laura , Haferlach Claudia , Acha Pamela , Chan Onyee , Navarro Víctor , Kubota Yasuo , Schulz Felicitas Isabel , Meggendorfer Manja , Briski Robert , Al Ali Najla , Xicoy Blanca , López-Cadenas Félix , Bosch Francesc , González Teresa , Eder Lea Naomi , Jerez Andrés , Wang Yu-Hung , Campagna Alessia , Santini Valeria , Bernal del Castillo Teresa , Such Esperanza , Tien Hwei-Fang , Diaz Varela Nicolás , Platzbecker Uwe , Haase Detlef , Díez-Campelo María , Della Porta Matteo , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Wiseman Daniel H. , Germing Ulrich , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Komrokji Rami S. , Sole Francesc , Haferlach Torsten , Valcárcel David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Mutations in the TP53 gene, particularly multihit alterations, have been associated with unfavorable clinical features and prognosis in patients diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Despite this, the role of TP53 gene aberrations in MDS with isolated deletion of chromosome 5 [MDS-del(5q)] remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of TP53 gene mutations and their allelic state in patients with MDS-del(5q). To that end, a comprehensive analysis of TP53 abnormalities, examining both TP53 mutations and allelic imbalances, in 682 patients diagnosed with MDS-del(5q) was conducted. Twenty-four percent of TP53-mutated patients exhibited multihit alterations, whereas the remaining patients displayed monoallelic mutations. TP53-multihit alterations were predictive of an increased risk of leukemic transformation. The impact of monoallelic alterations was dependent on the variant allele frequency (VAF); patients with TP53-monoallelic mutations and VAF &lt;20% exhibited behavior similar to TP53 wild type, and those with TP53-monoallelic mutations and VAF ≥20% presented outcomes equivalent to TP53-multihit patients. This study underscores the importance of considering TP53 allelic state and VAF in the risk stratification and treatment decision-making process for patients with MDS-del(5q).
Serum immunoglobulin concentrations and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: a prospective cohort study from the TCLSIH study
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Yuanbin , Wang Honglei , Guo Yirui , Wang Xiaotong , Wu Hongmei , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Meng Ge , Zhang Shunming , Sun Shaomei , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Stubbendorff Anna , Gu Yeqing , Niu Kaijun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation played an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Prospective studies on the link between immunoglobulins concentrations and the risk of T2DM in adults are limited. We developed a cohort study including 7,093 adults without T2DM history. The incidence of T2DM was 16.45 per 1,000 person-years. Compared with the lowest quartiles, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of T2DM for the highest quartiles of IgG, IgE, IgM and IgA were 0.64 (0.48–0.85), 0.94 (0.72–1.23), 0.68 (0.50–0.92) and 1.62 (1.24–2.11) (P for trend was < 0.01, 0.84, 0.02 and < 0.0001), respectively, suggesting that serum IgG and IgM concentrations were inversely associated with the incidence of T2DM, and IgA levels were positively associated with the risk of T2DM in a general adult population.
Grassland degradation affected vegetation carbon density but not soil carbon density
Authors: Zhou Chan , Xia Hainan , Yang Tingting , Zhang Zhuo , Zheng Guobin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
With the profound changes in the global climate, the issue of grassland degradation is becoming increasingly prominent. Grassland degradation poses a severe threat to the carbon cycle and carbon storage within grassland ecosystems. Additionally, it will adversely affect the sustainability of food production. The grassland ecosystem in the northwest region of Liaoning Province, China, is particularly vulnerable due to factors such as erosion from the northern Horqin Sandy Land, persistent arid climate, and issues related to overgrazing and mismanagement of grassland. The degradation issue is especially pronounced in this ecological environment. However, previous research on the carbon density of degraded grasslands in Northeast China has predominantly focused on Inner Mongolia, neglecting the impact on the grasslands in the northwest of Liaoning Province. Therefore, this experiment aims to assess the influence of grassland degradation intensity on the vegetation and soil carbon density in the northwest of Liaoning Province. The objective is to investigate the changes in grassland vegetation and soil carbon density resulting from different degrees of grassland degradation.

Methodology
This study focuses on the carbon density of grasslands at different degrees of degradation in the northwest of Liaoning Province, exploring the variations in vegetation and soil carbon density under different levels of degradation. This experiment employed field sampling techniques to establish 100 × 100 m plots in grasslands exhibiting varying degrees of degradation. Six replications of 100 × 100 m plots per degradation intensity were sampled. Vegetation and soil samples were collected for analysis of carbon density.

Results
The results indicate that in the context of grassland degradation, there is a significant reduction in vegetation carbon density. Furthermore, it was found that root carbon density is the primary contributor to vegetation carbon density. In comparison to mildly degraded grasslands, moderately and severely degraded grasslands experience a reduction in vegetation carbon density by 25.6% and 52.6%, respectively. However, with regard to the impact of grassland degradation on soil carbon density, it was observed that while grassland degradation leads to a slight decrease in soil carbon density, there is no significant change in soil carbon density in the short term under the influence of grassland degradation.

Conclusions
Therefore, grassland degradation has exerted a negative impact on aboveground vegetation carbon density, reducing the carbon storage of above-ground vegetation in grasslands. However, there was no significant effect on grassland soil carbon density.
Comparison between intravenous lidocaine and dexamethasone in reducing postoperative sore throat after endotracheal extubation at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ayalew Samuel Belay , Daniel Tinbite , Samuel Hirbo , Endeshaw Amanuel Sisay , Bayu Habtu Tsehayu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPost-operative sore throat is the common complaint and uncomfortable side effect in patients receiving general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Drugs with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, like steroids and local anesthetics, are the best options for postoperative sore throat prophylaxis. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of intravenous lidocaine and dexamethasone in reducing postoperative sore throat following endotracheal extubation at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from January 1 to March 30, 2023 G.C.MethodsA prospective cohort study was carried out at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Data from 50 patients in the lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg), 50 in the dexamethasone (8 mg), and 49 in the control groups were analyzed. The data were collected using observation based on structured questionnaires. A systematic random sampling technique was applied to select respondents. The data were entered into EpiData version 4.6.0.6 and transferred to STATA version 17 statistical software for analysis. A comparison of continuous data among the groups were performed using a one-way ANOVA test for parametric data. The Kruskal–Wallis rank test was used for non-parametric data. Associations between variables were tested using chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and binary logistic regression. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine degree of association.ResultsThe incidence of POST was 40%, 32%, and 57.1% in the lidocaine, dexamethasone, and control groups, respectively (P = .0356). Dexamethasone reduced the incidence of POST during the first 24 h (AOR: 0.374, 95% CI: 0.149–0.939). However, no difference was observed in the severity of POST at 3 h (p = 0.130), 6 h (p = 0.096), 12 h (p = 0.313), and 24 h (p = 0.525) of the post-extubation period among the three groups. IV lidocaine did not effectively reduce the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat at different time intervals.Conclusion and recommendationIntravenous dexamethasone is more effective than intravenous lidocaine in reducing the incidence of postoperative sore throat among the groups. Based on these findings, intravenous dexamethasone is recommended to decrease the incidence of postoperative sore throat.
Incidence and predictors of adverse outcomes in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis following percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty: a study from a tertiary center in Thailand
Authors: Songduang Kamonnart , Kaolawanich Yodying , Karaketklang Khemajira , Ratanasit Nithima 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) remains a common and concerning health problem in Asia. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) is the standard treatment for patients with symptomatic severe MS and favorable valve morphology. However, studies on the incidence and predictors of adverse cardiac outcomes following PBMV in Asia have been limited. This study aims to evaluate the incidence and predictors of adverse outcomes in patients with rheumatic MS following PBMV.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with symptomatic severe MS who underwent successful PBMV between 2002 and 2020 at a tertiary academic institute in Thailand. Patients were followed up to assess adverse outcomes, defined as a composite of cardiac death, heart failure hospitalization, repeat PBMV, or mitral valve surgery. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of adverse outcomes. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 379 patients were included in the study (mean age 43 ± 11 years, 80% female). During a median follow-up of 5.9 years (IQR 1.7–11.7), 74 patients (19.5%) experienced adverse outcomes, with an annualized event rate of 2.7%. Multivariable analysis showed that age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.008–1.05, p = 0.006), significant tricuspid regurgitation (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.33–3.56, p = 0.002), immediate post-PBMV mitral valve area (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.25–0.64, p = 0.01), and immediate post-PBMV mitral regurgitation (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.18–3.07, p = 0.008) were independent predictors of adverse outcomes.

Conclusions
In patients with symptomatic severe rheumatic MS, the incidence of adverse outcomes following PBMV was 2.7% per year. Age, significant tricuspid regurgitation, immediate post-PBMV mitral valve area, and immediate post-PBMV mitral regurgitation were identified as independent predictors of these adverse outcomes.
USP9X regulates the proliferation, survival, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by stabilizing MTH1
Authors: Xu Wenji , Zhang Yaping , Su Yingrui , Li Libin , Yang Xinxia , Wang Lixing , Gao Hongzhi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to promote the survival of cancer cells and its expression is frequently upregulated in cancers. Polyubiquitination stabilizes MTH1 to facilitate the proliferation of melanoma cells, suggesting the ubiquitin system controls the stability and function of MTH1. However, whether ubiquitination regulates MTH1 in gastric cancers has not been well defined. This study aims to investigate the interaction between MTH1 and a deubiquitinase, USP9X, in regulating the proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells.

Methods
The interaction between USP9X and MTH1 was evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) in HGC-27 gastric cancer cells. siRNAs were used to interfere with USP9X expression in gastric cancer cell lines HGC-27 and MKN-45. MTT assays were carried out to examine the proliferation, propidium iodide (PI) and 7-AAD staining assays were performed to assess the cell cycle, Annexin V/PI staining assays were conducted to examine the apoptosis, and transwell assays were used to determine the migration and invasion of control, USP9X-deficient, and USP9X-deficient plus MTH1-overexpressing HGC-27 and MKN-45 gastric cancer cells.

Results
Co-IP data show that USP9X interacts with and deubiquitinates MTH1. Overexpression of USP9X elevates MTH1 protein level by downregulating its ubiquitination, while knockdown of USP9X has the opposite effect on MTH1. USP9X deficiency in HGC-27 and MKN-45 cells causes decreased proliferation, cell cycle arrest, extra apoptosis, and defective migration and invasion, which could be rescued by excessive MTH1.

Conclusion
USP9X interacts with and stabilizes MTH1 to promote the proliferation, survival, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio associated with 28-day all-cause mortality in septic patients with coronary artery disease: a retrospective analysis of MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Li Xicong , Chen Yubiao , Yuan Qi , Zhou Hongya , Lu Lifei , Guo Ruiwei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
High Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) were associated with worse prognosis of patients with sepsis. In-hospital mortality has been reported to be higher in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and sepsis than those with sepsis alone. However, the relationship between NLR, MLR, PLR and mortality in septic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the association between NLR, MLR, PLR and 28-day all-cause mortality in septic patients with CAD.

Methods
We performed an observational cohort study of septic patients with CAD from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database between 2008 and 2019. The patients were categorized by three group (Q1: low levels, Q2: medium levels, Q3: high levels) based on tertiles of NLR, MLR, and PLR. The associations between NLR, MLR, PLR and 28-day all-cause mortality were examined using the Cox proportional hazards model. Subsequently, we applied receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for predicting 28-day mortality in septic patients with CAD by combining NLR, MLR and PLR with the modified sequential organ failure assessment (mSOFA) scores.

Results
Overall 1,175 septic patients with CAD were included in the study. Observed all-cause mortality rates in 28 days were 27.1%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis results showed that 28-day all-cause mortality of septic patients with CAD was significantly related to rising NLR levels (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.02; P < 0.001), MLR levels (aHR: 1.29; 95%CI: 1.18–1.41; P < 0.001), and PLR levels (aHR: 1.0007; 95%CI: 1.0004–1.0011; P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the higher levels (Q3) group of NLR, MLR, and PLR also had a higher risk of 28-day all-cause mortality than the lower (Q1) group. The area under the ROC curve of NLR, MLR, PLR, and mSOFA score were 0.630 (95%CI 0.595–0.665), 0.611 (95%CI 0.576–0.646), 0.601 (95%CI 0.567–0.636) and 0.718 (95%CI 0.689–0.748), respectively. Combining NLR, MLR, and PLR with mSOFA scores may improve ability of predicting 28-day mortality (AUC: 0.737, 95%CI 0.709–0.766).

Conclusion
Higher levels of NLR, MLR and PLR were associated with 28-day all-cause mortality in septic patients with CAD. Further investigation will be needed to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of this relationship.