bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of genetic rearrangements in esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines by a combination of M-FISH and array-CGH: further confirmation of some split genomic regions in primary tumors
Authors: Hao Jia-Jie , Shi Zhi-Zhou , Zhao Zhi-Xin , Zhang Yu , Gong Ting , Li Chun-Xiang , Zhan Ting , Cai Yan , Dong Jin-Tang , Fu Song-Bin , Zhan Qi-Min , Wang Ming-Rong 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background
Chromosomal and genomic aberrations are common features of human cancers. However, chromosomal numerical and structural aberrations, breakpoints and disrupted genes have yet to be identified in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods
Using multiplex-fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) and oligo array-based comparative hybridization (array-CGH), we identified aberrations and breakpoints in six ESCC cell lines. Furthermore, we detected recurrent breakpoints in primary tumors by dual-color FISH.

Results
M-FISH and array-CGH results revealed complex numerical and structural aberrations. Frequent gains occurred at 3q26.33-qter, 5p14.1-p11, 7pter-p12.3, 8q24.13-q24.21, 9q31.1-qter, 11p13-p11, 11q11-q13.4, 17q23.3-qter, 18pter-p11, 19 and 20q13.32-qter. Losses were frequent at 18q21.1-qter. Breakpoints that clustered within 1 or 2 Mb were identified, including 9p21.3, 11q13.3-q13.4, 15q25.3 and 3q28. By dual-color FISH, we observed that several recurrent breakpoint regions in cell lines were also present in ESCC tumors. In particular, breakpoints clustered at 11q13.3-q13.4 were identified in 43.3% (58/134) of ESCC tumors. Both 11q13.3-q13.4 splitting and amplification were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P = 0.004 and 0.022) and advanced stages (P = 0.004 and 0.039). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only 11q13.3-q13.4 splitting was an independent predictor for LNM (P = 0.026).

Conclusions
The combination of M-FISH and array-CGH helps produce more accurate karyotypes. Our data provide significant, detailed information for appropriate uses of these ESCC cell lines for cytogenetic and molecular biological studies. The aberrations and breakpoints detected in both the cell lines and primary tumors will contribute to identify affected genes involved in the development and progression of ESCC.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts and compounds from the leaves of Psorospermum aurantiacum Engl. and Hypericum lanceolatum Lam.
Authors: Tchakam Patricia D , Lunga Paul K , Kowa Théodora K , Lonfouo Antoine Honoré N , Wabo Hippolyte K , Tapondjou Léon A , Tane Pierre , Kuiate Jules-Roger 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background

Psorospermun aurantiacum and Hypericum lanceolatum are plants locally used in Cameroon and other parts of Africa for the treatment of gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections, skin infections, venereal diseases, gastrointestinal disorder, infertility, epilepsy as well as microbial infections. The present study was designed in order to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial and radical scavenging activities of the extracts and isolated compounds from the leaves of these plants.

Methods
The plant extract was prepared by maceration in ethyl acetate and methanol and fractionated by column chromatography. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses in conjunction with literature data. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeasts and dermatophytes. The antioxidant potentials of the extracts and their isolated compounds were evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging method.

Results
Five known compounds: physcion (1), 1,8-dihydroxy-3-geranyloxy-6-methylanthraquinone (2), kenganthranol B (3), vismiaquinone (4), and octacosanol (5) were isolated from the leaves of P. aurantiacum while six compounds including friedelin (6), betulinic acid (7), 2,2’,5,6’-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (8), allanxanthone A (9), 1,3,6- trihydroxyxanthone (10) and isogarcinol (11) were isolated from H. lanceolatum. Compound 8 and 4 exhibited the highest antibacterial and antifungal activities with MIC ranges of 2–8 μg/ml and 4–32 μg/ml respectively. P. aurantiacum crude extract (Rsa50 = 6.359 ± 0.101) showed greater radical scavenging activity compared with H. lanceolatum extract (Rsa50 = 30.996 ± 0.879). Compound 11 showed the highest radical scavenging activity (RSa50 = 1.012 ± 0.247) among the isolated compounds, comparable to that of L-arscobic acid (RSa50 = 0.0809 ± 0.045).

Conclusions
The experimental findings show that the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts and isolated compounds from P. aurantiacum and H. lanceolatum stem bark possess significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities justifying the use of these plants in traditional medicine, which may be developed as phytomedicines.
Identification and location of hot and cold spots of treated prevalence of depression in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Salinas-Pérez José A , García-Alonso Carlos R , Molina-Parrilla Cristina , Jordà-Sampietro Esther , Salvador-Carulla Luis 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background
Spatial analysis is a relevant set of tools for studying the geographical distribution of diseases, although its methods and techniques for analysis may yield very different results. A new hybrid approach has been applied to the spatial analysis of treated prevalence of depression in Catalonia (Spain) according to the following descriptive hypotheses: 1) spatial clusters of treated prevalence of depression (hot and cold spots) exist and, 2) these clusters are related to the administrative divisions of mental health care (catchment areas) in this region.

Methods
In this ecological study, morbidity data per municipality have been extracted from the regional outpatient mental health database (CMBD-SMA) for the year 2009. The second level of analysis mapped small mental health catchment areas or groups of municipalities covered by a single mental health community centre. Spatial analysis has been performed using a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA) which identified geographical clusters (hot spots and cold spots) of depression through the optimization of its treated prevalence. Catchment areas, where hot and cold spots are located, have been described by four domains: urbanicity, availability, accessibility and adequacy of provision of mental health care.

Results
MOEA has identified 6 hot spots and 4 cold spots of depression in Catalonia. Our results show a clear spatial pattern where one cold spot contributed to define the exact location, shape and borders of three hot spots. Analysing the corresponding domain values for the identified hot and cold spots no common pattern has been detected.

Conclusions
MOEA has effectively identified hot/cold spots of depression in Catalonia. However these hot/cold spots comprised municipalities from different catchment areas and we could not relate them to the administrative distribution of mental care in the region. By combining the analysis of hot/cold spots, a better statistical and operational-based visual representation of the geographical distribution is obtained. This technology may be incorporated into Decision Support Systems to enhance local evidence-informed policy in health system research.
Sugarcane bagasse pretreatment using three imidazolium-based ionic liquids; mass balances and enzyme kinetics
Authors: Karatzos Sergios Kimon , Edye Leslie Alan , Doherty William Orlando Sinclair 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background
Effective pretreatment is key to achieving high enzymatic saccharification efficiency in processing lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars, biofuels and value-added products. Ionic liquids (ILs), still relatively new class of solvents, are attractive for biomass pretreatment because some demonstrate the rare ability to dissolve all components of lignocellulosic biomass including highly ordered (crystalline) cellulose. In the present study, three ILs, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim]Cl), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim]OAc) are used to dissolve/pretreat and fractionate sugarcane bagasse. In these IL-based pretreatments the biomass is completely or partially dissolved in ILs at temperatures greater than 130°C and then precipitated by the addition of an antisolvent to the IL biomass mixture. For the first time mass balances of IL-based pretreatments are reported. Such mass balances, along with kinetics data, can be used in process modelling and design.

Results
Lignin removals of 10% mass of lignin in bagasse with [C4mim]Cl, 50% mass with [C2mim]Cl and 60% mass with [C2mim]OAc, are achieved by limiting the amount of water added as antisolvent to 0.5 water:IL mass ratio thus minimising lignin precipitation. Enzyme saccharification (24 h, 15FPU) yields (% cellulose mass in starting bagasse) from the recovered solids rank as: [C2mim]OAc(83%) > >[C2mim]Cl(53%) = [C4mim]Cl(53%). Composition of [C2mim]OAc-treated solids such as low lignin, low acetyl group content and preservation of arabinosyl groups are characteristic of aqueous alkali pretreatments while those of chloride IL-treated solids resemble aqueous acid pretreatments. All ILs are fully recovered after use (100% mass as determined by ion chromatography).

Conclusions
In all three ILs regulated addition of water as an antisolvent effected a polysaccharide enriched precipitate since some of the lignin remained dissolved in the aqueous IL solution. Of the three IL studied [C2mim]OAc gave the best saccharification yield, material recovery and delignification. The effects of [C2mim]OAc pretreatment resemble those of aqueous alkali pretreatments while those of [C2mim]Cl and [C4mim]Cl resemble aqueous acid pretreatments. The use of imidazolium IL solvents with shorter alkyl chains results in accelerated dissolution, pretreatment and degradation.
In vitro glucocorticoid sensitivity is associated with clinical glucocorticoid therapy outcome in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Quax Rogier AM , Koper Jan W , de Jong Pascal HP , van Heerebeek Ramona , Weel Angelique E , Huisman Anne M , van Zeben Derkjen , de Jong Frank H , Lamberts Steven WJ , Hazes Johanna MW , Feelders Richard A 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Genetic and disease-related factors give rise to a wide spectrum of glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In clinical practice, GC treatment is not adapted to these differences in GC sensitivity. In vitro assessment of GC sensitivity before the start of therapy could allow more individualized GC therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between in vitro and in vivo GC sensitivity in RA.

Methods
Thirty-eight early and 37 established RA patients were prospectively studied. In vitro GC sensitivity was assessed with dexamethasone-induced effects on interleukin-2 (IL-2) and glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) messenger RNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A whole-cell dexamethasone-binding assay was used to measure number and affinity (1/KD) of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs).
In vivo GC sensitivity was determined by measuring the disease activity score (DAS) and health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI) score before and after 2 weeks of standardized GC treatment.

Results
GR number was positively correlated with improvement in DAS. IL-2-EC50 and GILZ-EC50 values both had weak near-significant correlations with clinical improvement in DAS in intramuscularly treated patients only. HAQ responders had lower GILZ-EC50 values and higher GR number and KD.

Conclusions
Baseline cellular in vitro glucocorticoid sensitivity is modestly associated with in vivo improvement in DAS and HAQ-DI score after GC bridging therapy in RA. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether in vitro GC sensitivity may support the development of tailor-made GC therapy in RA.
Reversal by RARα agonist Am580 of c-Myc-induced imbalance in RARα/RARγ expression during MMTV-Myc tumorigenesis
Authors: Bosch Almudena , Bertran Silvina P , Lu Yongke , Garcia Avalon , Jones Alexis M , Dawson Marcia I , Farias Eduardo F 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Retinoic acid signaling plays key roles in embryonic development and in maintaining the differentiated status of adult tissues. Recently, the nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR) isotypes α, β and γ were found to play specific functions in the expansion and differentiation of the stem compartments of various tissues. For instance, RARγ appears to be involved in stem cell compartment expansion, while RARα and RARβ are implicated in the subsequent cell differentiation. We found that over-expressing c-Myc in normal mouse mammary epithelium and in a c-Myc-driven transgenic model of mammary cancer, disrupts the balance between RARγ and RARα/β in favor of RARγ.

Methods
The effects of c-Myc on RAR isotype expression were evaluated in normal mouse mammary epithelium, mammary tumor cells obtained from the MMTV-Myc transgenic mouse model as well as human normal immortalized breast epithelial and breast cancer cell lines. The in vivo effect of the RARα-selective agonist 4-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthyl)carboxamido]benzoic acid (Am580) was examined in the MMTV-Myc mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis.

Results
Modulation of the RARα/β to RARγ expression in mammary glands of normal mice, oncomice, and human mammary cell lines through the alteration of RAR-target gene expression affected cell proliferation, survival and tumor growth. Treatment of MMTV-Myc mice with the RARα-selective agonist Am580 led to significant inhibition of mammary tumor growth (~90%, P<0.001), lung metastasis (P<0.01) and extended tumor latency in 63% of mice. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that in these mice, RARα responsive genes such as Cyp26A1, E-cadherin, cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1) and p27, were up-regulated. In contrast, the mammary gland tumors of mice that responded poorly to Am580 treatment (37%) expressed significantly higher levels of RARγ. In vitro experiments indicated that the rise in RARγ was functionally linked to promotion of tumor growth and inhibition of differentiation. Thus, activation of the RARα pathway is linked to tumor growth inhibition, differentiation and cell death.

Conclusions
The functional consequence of the interplay between c-Myc oncogene expression and the RARγ to RARα/β balance suggests that prevalence of RARγ over-RARα/β expression levels in breast cancer accompanied by c-Myc amplification or over-expression in breast cancer should be predictive of response to treatment with RARα-isotype-specific agonists and warrant monitoring during clinical trials.
See related editorial by Garattini et al http://breast-cancer-research.com/content/14/5/111
Imaging and quantifying salt-tracer transport in a riparian groundwater system by means of 3D ERT monitoring
Authors: Doetsch Joseph , Linde Niklas , Vogt Tobias , Binley Andrew , Green Alan G. 
Published: August 2012

Determining groundwater flow paths of infiltrated river water is necessary for studying biochemical processes in the riparian zone, but their characterization is complicated by strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity. We investigated to what extent repeat 3D surface electrical resistance tomography (ERT) can be used to monitor transport of a salt-tracer plume under close to natural gradient conditions. The aim is to estimate groundwater flow velocities and pathways at a site located within a riparian groundwater system adjacent to the perialpine Thur River in northeastern Switzerland. Our ERT time-lapse images provide constraints on the plume’s shape, flow direction, and velocity. These images allow the movement of the plume to be followed for 35 m. Although the hydraulic gradient is only 1.43‰, the ERT time-lapse images demonstrate that the plume’s center of mass and its front propagate with velocities of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. These velocities are compatible with groundwater resistivity monitoring data in two observation wells 5 m from the injection well. Five additional sensors in the 5–30 m distance range did not detect the plume. Comparison of the ERT time-lapse images with a groundwater transport model and time-lapse inversions of synthetic ERT data indicate that the movement of the plume can be described for the first 6 h after injection by a uniform transport model. Subsurface heterogeneity causes a change of the plume’s direction and velocity at later times. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of using time-lapse 3D surface ERT to monitor flow pathways in a challenging perialpine environment over larger scales than is practically possible with crosshole 3D ERT.
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of olanzapine
in patients with bipolar I depression
Authors: Tohen Mauricio , McDonnell David P. , Case Michael , Kanba Shigenobu , Ha Kyooseob , Fang Yi Ru , Katagiri Hideaki , Gomez Juan-Carlos 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundAtypical antipsychotics are widely used in bipolar mania. However, the
efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in bipolar depression has not been
comprehensively explored.AimsTo evaluate olanzapine monotherapy in patients with bipolar
depression.MethodPatients with bipolar depression received olanzapine (5–20mg/day,
n = 343) or placebo (n = l71) for 6
weeks. The primary outcome was change from baseline to end-point in
Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score. Secondary
outcomes included: Clinical Global impression - Bipolar Version (CGI-BP)
scale, 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) and Young
Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores, and the rate of response (≥50%
reduction in MADRS at end-point), recovery (MADRS ≤12 for ≥4 weeks plus
treatment completion) and remission (MADRS ≤8). The trial was registered
with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00510146).ResultsOlanzapine demonstrated: significantly greater
(P<0.04) improvements on MADRS (least-squares mean
change -13.82 v. -11.67), HRSD-17 and YMRS total scores
and all CGI-BP subscale scores v. placebo; significantly
(P≤0.05) more response and remission, but not
recovery; significantly (P<0.01) greater mean
increases in weight, fasting cholesterol and triglycerides; and
significantly more (P<0.001) patients gained ≥7% body
weight.ConclusionsOlanzapine monotherapy appears to be efficacious in bipolar depression.
Additional long-term studies are warranted to confirm these results.
Safety findings were consistent with the known safety profile of
olanzapine.
Timing and expression of the Angiopoietin-1/Tie-2 pathway in murine lung development and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
Authors: Grzenda Adrienne , Shannon John , Fisher Jason , Arkovitz Marc S. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryCongenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) is one of the most common congenital abnormalities. Children born with CDH suffer a number of co-morbidities, the most serious of which is respiratory insufficiency from a combination of alveolar hypoplasia and pulmonary vascular hypertension. All children born with CDH display some degree of pulmonary hypertension, the severity of which has been correlated with mortality. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of pulmonary hypertension in CDH remain poorly understood. Ang-1, a central mediator in angiogenesis, participates in the vascular development of many tissues, including the lung. Although previous studies have demonstrated that Ang-1 may play an important role in the development of familial pulmonary hypertension, the role of Ang-1 in the development of the pulmonary hypertension associated with CDH is poorly understood. Here we report that Ang-1 appears important to murine lung development, establishing its tissue-level expression and localization patterns at key timepoints. Additionally, our data from a nitrofen/bisdiamine-induced murine model of CDH suggests that altered expression patterns of Ang-1, its receptor, Tie-2, and one of its transcription factors, Epithelium-specific Ets transcription factor 1 (ESE-1), may be responsible for the development of pulmonary hypertension in the setting of CDH.
Osteopontin deficiency delays inflammatory infiltration and the onset of muscle regeneration in a model of muscle injury
Authors: Uaesoontrachoon Kitipong , Wasgewatte Wijesinghe Dimuthu K. , Mackie Eleanor J. , Pagel Charles N. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryOsteopontin is secreted by skeletal muscle myoblasts and stimulates their proliferation. Expression of osteopontin in skeletal muscle is up-regulated in pathological conditions including Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and recent evidence suggests that osteopontin may influence the course of this disease. The current study was undertaken to determine whether osteopontin regulates skeletal muscle regeneration, using a whole muscle autografting model of regeneration in osteopontin-null and wildtype mice. Osteopontin expression was found to be strongly up-regulated in wildtype grafts during the initial degeneration and subsequent early regeneration phases that are observed in this model. Grafted muscles from osteopontin-null mice degenerated more slowly than those of wildtype mice, as determined by histological assessment, fibre diameter and fibre number. The delayed degeneration in osteopontin-null grafts was associated with a delay in neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. Centrally nucleated (regenerating) muscle fibres also appeared more slowly in osteopontin-null grafts than in wildtype grafts. These results demonstrate that osteopontin plays a non-redundant role in muscle remodelling following injury.
π-Electron-system-layered Polymers Based on [2.2]Paracyclophane
Authors: Morisaki Yasuhiro , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Incorporation of a [2.2]paracyclophane skeleton into a conjugated polymer main chain affords a polymer comprising stacked π-electron systems. In this article, we describe the synthesis and optical properties of some [2.2]paracyclophane-based polymers on the basis of the results of our resent research. We discuss the role of [2.2]paracyclophane in the polymer backbone, through-space conjugation of the polymer, and the feasibility of using the titled polymers as single molecular wires that allow for unidirectional energy and charge transfer via through-space interactions.
Amorphous Titanium Sulfide Electrode for All-solid-state Rechargeable Lithium Batteries with High Capacity
Authors: Hayashi Akitoshi , Matsuyama Takuya , Sakuda Atsushi , Tatsumisago Masahiro 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Amorphous TiS3 active materials were prepared using a high-energy ball mill and first applied to all-solid-state cells with Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolyte. The solid-state cell operated as a rechargeable lithium battery with a high capacity of 400 mA h g−1 at room temperature. The cell exhibited a higher capacity than a solid-electrolyte cell with crystalline TiS2 and showed better cyclability than a liquid-electrolyte cell with crystalline TiS3.
Synthesis of AlPO-5 at Low Temperature by Controlling the Kinetics of Conversion of Aluminophosphate Phases
Authors: Tanahashi Shinya , Moteki Takahiko , Okubo Tatsuya 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We found that AlPO-5 crystals can be synthesized at relatively low temperature (120 °C) by hydrothermal reaction. The critical requirement was the adjustment of the gel composition to control the crystallization rates of aluminophosphate phases. The obtained products showed almost the same pore characteristics compared with the reference products synthesized at high temperature.