bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing enhanced dilution effect of conjugated polymers in partially miscible blends
Authors: Chen Hongbo , Hu Ming , Zhao Yuehua , Lyu Kaixuan , Xu Yushuai , Sun Yuansheng , Xie Zhiyuan , Huang Jinying , Wang Dapeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent experiments have shown that hole traps could be suppressed in polymer light‐emitting diodes under current stress by diluting the light‐emitting conjugated polymers within an “inert” large‐bandgap host material. However, it is unclear why there is an enhanced dilution effect in partially miscible blends rather than fully miscible blends, as intuition would suggest that better miscibility leads to better dilution. In this work, we propose a cascade analysis by combining multiple fluorescence microscopic techniques and all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations to study the solid‐to‐solid dilution of poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) in MEH‐PPV/polystyrene (PS) blends and MEH‐PPV/poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) blends. By varying the molecular weights of PS and PVK, we can regulate their miscibility with MEH‐PPV. The results corroborate that the dilution effect is enhanced in partially miscible blends rather than fully miscible ones. This is because, in partially miscible blends undergoing phase separation, the concentration of MEH‐PPV is notably decreased in the phase occupying the majority of the volume, leading to an overall greater dilution effect than in fully miscible blends. Moreover, MEH‐PPV could adopt the more extended conformation in the fully miscible blend, causing a shorter intermolecular distance to further undermine the dilution effect. These findings explain the seemingly counterintuitive more effective dilution effect observed in the recently reported partially miscible blends and provide guidance for further enhancing the performance of future generations of polymer light‐emitting diodes.
Ionic Liquid‐Functionalized Porous Materials for Catalyzing CO2 Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Xv Kaizhi , Yang Jiawen , Li Xuejun , Liang Ying , Pan Yingming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are incorporated into traditional porous materials to create ILs‐functionalized porous materials, which exhibit excellent absorption capacity and good catalytic activity for CO2. As a result, they are extensively utilized in the chemical conversion of CO2. This paper specifically focuses on the utilization of ILs‐functionalized organic porous materials, ILs‐functionalized inorganic porous materials, and ILs‐functionalized organic‐inorganic hybrid porous materials in the conversion of CO2. The synergistic effects of combining ILs with porous materials in CO2 conversion are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, an in‐depth analysis is provided regarding the potential prospects and future applications of utilizing ILs‐functionalized porous materials within the broader realm of catalytic CO2 conversion technologies.
Sex differences in the acoustic structure of terrestrial alarm calls in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)
Authors: Dubreuil Colin , Notman Hugh , Barrett Louise , Henzi Peter , Pavelka Mary Susan McDonald 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe alarm calls of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) have been the subject of considerable focus by researchers, owing primarily to the purported referential qualities of different alarm call types. With this focus on reference, acoustic variation among calls elicited by the same range of predators has typically been overlooked. Specifically, at least one type of alarm call—the terrestrial alarm—was described over 50 years ago as being acoustically distinct between males and females—a description that has largely eluded more systematic scrutiny. Here, we provide a quantitative acoustic analysis and comparison of terrestrial alarm calls produced by adult male and female vervet monkeys. We use a random forest model to determine which acoustic variables best distinguish between the calls of males and females, and use an unsupervised clustering technique to objectively determine whether alarms produced by each sex fall into discrete types. We found that the calls of males and females differed most in frequency‐based parameters, with male alarms containing more energy at lower frequencies relative to females. Calls produced by males were also of longer duration, and consisted of longer individual call elements relative to female calls. While calls generally fell into clusters associated with either male or female alarms, we found that some fell into atypical clusters given the caller's sex, and that the clusters themselves showed evidence of intergradation. We discuss these results in terms of potential differences in the function of, and motivation for, calling by males and females. We emphasize the need for a more holistic approach to the classification of vocal signals that considers contextual, functional, and structural variation.
Dimerized M‐Series Acceptors with Low Diffusion Coefficients for Efficient and Stable Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Yuhang , Ma Yunlong , Liu Li , Cai Dongdong , Wang Jin‐Yun , Shi Haiting , Zheng Qingdong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs the simplest oligomeric acceptors, dimerized acceptors (DAs) are easier to synthesize, and more importantly, they can retain good intermolecular interaction and photovoltaic properties of their parent small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs). Nevertheless, currently most efficient DAs are derived from banana‐shaped acceptors and they might suffer from inferior device stability with high diffusion coefficients. Herein, we design and synthesize two planar DAs (DMT‐FH and DMT‐HF) by bridging two linear‐shaped M‐series SMAs with a thiophene unit. The effects of fluorination position on the diffusion coefficients, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stability of the DAs are systematically studied. Our results suggest that DMT‐HF with fluorination on the ending indanone groups shows enhanced intermolecular interactions, improved PCE and stability compared with the counterpart (DMT‐FH) with fluorination on the central indanone groups. Further optimization on the DMT‐HF‐based devices yields an outstanding PCE of 17.17 %, which is the highest among all linear‐shaped SMA‐based DAs. Notably, with the low diffusion coefficient (3.36×10−24 cm2 s−1) of DMT‐HF, the resulting device retains over 93 % of the initial PCE after 5000 h of continuous heating at 85 °C, suggesting its excellent thermal stability. The results highlight the importance of intermolecular interaction and fluorination for achieving efficient and stable polymer solar cells.
Tailoring Single‐Atom Coordination Environments in Carbon Nanofibers via Flash Heating for Highly Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Luo Qingliang , Wang Kangkang , Zhang Qiangqiang , Ding Wei , Wang Rongwu , Li Linlin , Peng Shengjie , Ji Dongxiao , Qin Xiaohong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rational design of carbon‐supported transition metal single‐atom catalysts necessitates precise atomic positioning within the precursor. However, structural collapse during pyrolysis can occlude single atoms, posing significant challenges in controlling both their utilization and coordination environment. Herein, we present a surface atom adsorption‐flash heating (FH) strategy, which ensures that the pre‐designed carbon nanofiber structure remains intact during heating, preventing unforeseen collapse effects and enabling the formation of metal atoms in nano‐environments with either tetra‐nitrogen or penta‐nitrogen coordination at different flash heating temperatures. Theoretical calculations and in situ Raman spectroscopy reveal that penta‐nitrogen coordinated cobalt atoms (Co‐N5) promote a lower energy pathway for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions compared to the commonly formed Co‐N4 sites. This strategy ensures that Co‐N5 sites are fully exposed on the surface, achieving exceptionally high atomic utilization. The turnover frequency (65.33 s−1) is 47.4 times higher than that of 20 % Pt/C under alkaline conditions. The porous, flexible carbon nanofibers significantly enhance zinc‐air battery performance, with a high peak power density (273.8 mW cm−2), large specific capacity (784.2 mAh g−1), and long‐term cycling stability over 600 h. Additionally, the flexible fiber‐shaped zinc‐air battery can power wearable devices, demonstrating significant potential in flexible electronics applications.
Influence of temperature and heating duration on the thermal stability and flow characteristics of oil extracted from undersized crawfish (Procambarus clarkii) using non‐solvent method
Authors: Chouljenko Alexander , Durage Tharindu Trishan Dapana , Sathivel Subramaniam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUndersized crawfish (UC) have less economic value for sale in live or processed tail meat markets. Therefore, this study's objectives were to extract crawfish oil (CO) from UC and determine the impact of temperature and heating duration on CO's thermal stability and flow properties. However, extracting oil from these undersized specimens could potentially add value to the crawfish industry. Crawfish minced meat (CMM) was obtained by passing cooked and chilled UC through a pilot scale deboning machine. CO was extracted by agitating CMM at 70°C for 30 min, followed by centrifugation at 10,000×g. CO was analyzed for inherent physicochemical characteristics, heating time (0–8 h), temperature (45–85°C) effects on peroxide value (PV) and astaxanthin (ASX) content, and flow properties at 5–35°C. ASX content, PV, water activity, bulk density, specific gravity, and free fatty acid values in CO were found to be 1.52 ± 0.06 mg/g oil, 0.22 ± 0.07 meq/kg, 0.56 ± 0.02, 0.88 ± 0.00, 0.90 ± 0.00 g/mL, and 0.11 ± 0.04%, respectively. ASX content in CO showed no significant change within or between same‐temperature and different‐temperature heated samples after 8 h. PV increased significantly from 0 to 8 h of heating at all tested temperatures (45, 65, and 85°C; Δ = 0.31, 0.51, and 10.76 meq/kg, respectively). CO had pseudoplastic characteristics below 30°C and Newtonian flow from 30 to 35°C. The Arrhenius equation suitably described the relationship between temperature and apparent viscosity of CO. This study characterized a seldom‐researched oil (CO containing ASX) and provided insight into its ability to resist thermal degradation.
National audit of patient reported experience of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer pathways
Authors: Kuppanda Preksha , Hermans Louisa , Uren Alan , Cotterill Nikki , Rowe Edward , Narahari Krishna , Dickinson Andrew , Rigby Jeannie , Aning Jonathan ,   C‐PAT Study Group (#) and the BAUS Section of Oncology
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to measure and describe the national patient experience of radical cystectomy (RC) pathways in the UK using the validated Cystectomy‐Pathway Assessment Tool (C‐PAT).Patients and MethodsA cohort of 1081 patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer, between 1 January 2021 and 31 July 2022 at 33 UK cystectomy centres, returned completed C‐PAT responses. SPSS was employed for data summary statistics, including median, interquartile range, Mann Whitney U test or Chi‐square test with a 95% confidence interval to assess statistical significance between potentially associated variables. Open‐text responses in the C‐PAT tool were analysed and coded using NVivo software.ResultsIn this cohort, the greatest perceived delay in the RC pathway, reported by 19% of patients (n = 208), was at the GP consultation to first hospital referral stage with suspected bladder cancer. Around 10% of patients perceived delays at each of the other stages in their pathway. Cancer nurse specialist (CNS) contact was strongly associated with an improved patient experience (p < 0.001); however, 9.5% of patients reported that they were not assigned a cancer nurse specialist in their pathway. Overall, 96% (n = 1028) reported their experience of RC pathway care to be good or excellent. There were no significant differences in reported patient experience found between cystectomy centres.ConclusionThis audit demonstrates the feasibility of measuring patient experience of RC pathways at scale. The C‐PAT tool demonstrated utility in identifying specific pathway areas for quality improvement. Overall UK patients report a high quality pathway experience. A focus on improving the referral pathway between primary and secondary care is necessary.
False Discovery Rate Control for Lesion‐Symptom Mapping With Heterogeneous Data via Weighted p‐Values
Authors: Zheng Siyu , McLain Alexander C. , Habiger Joshua , Rorden Christopher , Fridriksson Julius 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTLesion‐symptom mapping studies provide insight into what areas of the brain are involved in different aspects of cognition. This is commonly done via behavioral testing in patients with a naturally occurring brain injury or lesions (e.g., strokes or brain tumors). This results in high‐dimensional observational data where lesion status (present/absent) is nonuniformly distributed, with some voxels having lesions in very few (or no) subjects. In this situation, mass univariate hypothesis tests have severe power heterogeneity where many tests are known a priori to have little to no power. Recent advancements in multiple testing methodologies allow researchers to weigh hypotheses according to side information (e.g., information on power heterogeneity). In this paper, we propose the use of p‐value weighting for voxel‐based lesion‐symptom mapping studies. The weights are created using the distribution of lesion status and spatial information to estimate different non‐null prior probabilities for each hypothesis test through some common approaches. We provide a monotone minimum weight criterion, which requires minimum a priori power information. Our methods are demonstrated on dependent simulated data and an aphasia study investigating which regions of the brain are associated with the severity of language impairment among stroke survivors. The results demonstrate that the proposed methods have robust error control and can increase power. Further, we showcase how weights can be used to identify regions that are inconclusive due to lack of power.
Random Survival Forests With Competing Events: A Subdistribution‐Based Imputation Approach
Authors: Behning Charlotte , Bigerl Alexander , Wright Marvin N. , Sekula Peggy , Berger Moritz , Schmid Matthias 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTRandom survival forests (RSF) can be applied to many time‐to‐event research questions and are particularly useful in situations where the relationship between the independent variables and the event of interest is rather complex. However, in many clinical settings, the occurrence of the event of interest is affected by competing events, which means that a patient can experience an outcome other than the event of interest. Neglecting the competing event (i.e., regarding competing events as censoring) will typically result in biased estimates of the cumulative incidence function (CIF). A popular approach for competing events is Fine and Gray's subdistribution hazard model, which directly estimates the CIF by fitting a single‐event model defined on a subdistribution timescale. Here, we integrate concepts from the subdistribution hazard modeling approach into the RSF. We develop several imputation strategies that use weights as in a discrete‐time subdistribution hazard model to impute censoring times in cases where a competing event is observed. Our simulations show that the CIF is well estimated if the imputation already takes place outside the forest on the overall dataset. Especially in settings with a low rate of the event of interest or a high censoring rate, competing events must not be neglected, that is, treated as censoring. When applied to a real‐world epidemiological dataset on chronic kidney disease, the imputation approach resulted in highly plausible predictor–response relationships and CIF estimates of renal events.
In situ‐crosslinked Zippersomes enhance cardiac repair by increasing accumulation and retention
Authors: Jasiewicz Natalie E. , Mei Kuo‐Ching , Oh Hannah M. , Bonacquisti Emily E. , Chaudhari Ameya , Byrum Camryn , Jensen Brian C. , Nguyen Juliane 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising treatment for myocardial infarction (MI), but their therapeutic efficacy is limited by inefficient accumulation at the target site. A minimally invasive MSC EV therapy that enhances EV accumulation at the disease site and extends EV retention could significantly improve post‐infarct cardiac regeneration. Here, we show that EVs decorated with the next‐generation of high‐affinity (HiA) heterodimerizing leucine zippers, termed HiA Zippersomes, amplify targetable surface areas through in situ crosslinking and exhibited ~7‐fold enhanced accumulation within the infarcted myocardium in mice after 3 days and continued to be retained up to Day 21, surpassing the performance of unmodified EVs. After MI in mice, HiA Zippersomes increase the ejection fraction by 53% and 100% compared with unmodified EVs and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), respectively. This notable improvement in cardiac function played a crucial role in restoring healthy heart performance. HiA Zippersomes also robustly decrease infarct size by 52% and 60% compared with unmodified EVs and PBS, respectively, thus representing a promising platform for minimally invasive vesicle delivery to the infarcted heart compared to intramyocardial injections.
Epigenome‐wide association study of prostate cancer in African American men identified differentially methylated genes
Authors: Berglund Anders , Yamoah Kosj , Eschrich Steven A. , Falahat Rana , Mulé James J. , Kim Sungjune , Matta Jaime , Dutil Julie , Ruiz‐Deya Gilberto , Ortiz Sanchez Carmen , Wang Liang , Park Hyun , Banerjee Hirendra N. , Lotan Tamara , Barry Kathryn Hughes , Putney Ryan M. , Kim Seung Joon , Gwede Clement , Kresovich Jacob K. , Kim Youngchul , Lin Hui‐Yi , Dhillon Jasreman , Chakrabarti Ratna , Park Jong Y. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionMen with African ancestry have the highest incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (PCa) worldwide.MethodsThis study aimed to identify differentially methylated genes between tumor vs. adjacent normal and aggressive vs. indolent PCa in 121 African American patients. Epigenome‐wide DNA methylation patterns in tumor DNA were assessed using the human Illumina Methylation EPIC V1 array.ResultsAround 5,139 differentially methylated CpG‐sites (q < 0.01, lΔβl > 0.2) were identified when comparing normal vs. tumor, with an overall trend of hypermethylation in prostate tumors. Multiple representative differentially methylated regions (DMRs), including immune‐related genes, such as CD40, Galectin3, OX40L, and STING, were detected in prostate tumors when compared to adjacent normal tissues. Based on an epigenetic clock model, we observed that tumors’ total number of stem cell divisions and the stem cell division rate were significantly higher than adjacent normal tissues. Regarding PCa aggressiveness, 2,061 differentially methylated CpG‐sites (q < 0.05, lΔβl > .05) were identified when the grade group (GG)1 was compared with GG4/5. Among these 2,061 CpG sites, 155 probes were consistently significant in more than one comparison. Among these genes, several immune system genes, such as COL18A1, S100A2, ITGA4, HLA‐C, and ADCYAP1, have previously been linked to tumor progression in PCa.ConclusionSeveral differentially methylated genes involved in immune‐oncologic pathways associated with disease risk or aggressiveness were identified. In addition, 261 African American‐specific differentially methylated genes related to the risk of PCa were identified. These results can shedlight on potential mechanisms contributing to PCa disparities in the African American Population.
Knitted fabric simulation: A survey
Authors: Hu Xinrong , Wang Meng , Liu Junping , Liang Jinxing , Yang Kai , Luo Ruiqi , Fang Fei , Peng Tao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKnitted fabric simulation seeks to create lifelike virtual representations of various knitted items like sweaters and socks using mathematical models and advanced simulation techniques. Significant advancements have been achieved in this area. Visual simulations of these fabrics now boast enhanced details, textures, and colors, closely resembling real‐world counterparts. Additionally, physical simulations have improved the movement and deformation aspects of virtual knitted fabrics, enhancing their realism. However, challenges remain. One major concern is the computational demands of these simulations, which can hinder real‐time interactions. Another issue is refining the accuracy of material models, especially when simulating diverse fibers and textures. This paper aims to review the current state of knitted fabric simulation and speculate on its future directions.
Intracardiac echocardiography‐guided biopsies for right‐sided intracardiac tumors: An optimized diagnostic algorithm and case illustrations
Authors: Teske Arco J. , Jimenez‐Rodriguez Gian‐Manuel , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O. , Broekhuizen Lysette N. , van Osch Dirk , Gort Eelke H. , Rhenen Anna v , Harst Pim vd , Voskuil Michiel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntracardiac tumors, though uncommon, necessitate a swift and accurate diagnosis for personalized treatment and prognosis estimation. While multi‐modality imaging often determines the etiology of these cardiac masses, histological confirmation remains essential for definitive diagnosis and its specific treatment. Since cardiac tumors are often found in high‐risk locations (ventricular free wall or atria), precision biopsy is paramount. The least invasive strategy would be to achieve this by means of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB); however real‐time additional imaging is essential to reduce the risk of perforation/tamponade and to minimize sampling error. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) emerges as an excellent tool to achieve this goal preventing procedural complications and reducing the likelihood of sampling errors obtaining a definitive histopathological diagnosis in all cases. This paper outlines our diagnostic algorithm for optimal patient selection, details three illustrative cases, and elucidates the steps to acquire histopathology via percutaneous transvenous biopsy with ICE guidance in patients with right‐sided cardiac tumors. Given the rarity of intracardiac tumors, we advocate these patients be managed by a dedicated multidisciplinary cardio‐oncology team including an interventional cardiologist.
The Effect of Dithionite and its Decomposition Products on Redox Mediators Used in the Cyclic Voltammetry of Nitrogenase Enzymes
Authors: Bilyj Jessica K. , Gregg Christina M. , Wood Craig C. , Rapson Trevor D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCyclic voltammetry is a powerful tool to study enzyme mechanisms. Over the last decade, voltammetry has been applied to probe aspects of nitrogenase catalysis. One aspect that is often overlooked is the effect of dithionite (S2O42−, DTH) on nitrogenase and the mediators used during voltammetry experiments. Dithionite is routinely added to purification and storage buffers to protect nitrogenase and other anaerobic enzymes from oxygen. Dithionite has extremely complex chemistry with a myriad of decomposition products. Herein, we sought to systematically investigate the effect of dithionite and some of its decomposition products on the voltammetry of different redox mediators independently and in conjunction with nitrogenase. We found the major decomposition product sulfite (SO32−) gives rise to reductive catalysis. This cannot be distinguished from enzyme catalysis, particularly with cobaltocenium mediators which can result in amplified kobs values. We provide recommendations on how to identify and avoid interpreting ‘pseudo’ catalysis in lieu of enzyme catalysis by DTH and reinforce the requirement to remove DTH from the enzyme stock prior to performing cyclic voltammetry experiments.