bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial patterns of primary seed dispersal and adult tree distributions: Genipa americana dispersed by Cebus capucinus – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Valenta Kim , Hopkins Mariah E. , Meeking Melanie , Chapman Colin A. , Fedigan Linda M. 
Published: October 2015

Within the second paragraph of page 494 incorrect language was used to characterize the summary characteristics used. Sentences 3–11 of this paragraph should have read:Second, we calculated three univariate summary characteristics: the nearest neighbour distribution function D(r), the pair-correlation function g(r) and the K-function K(r). The use of multiple summary characteristics holds increased power to characterize variation in spatial patterns (Wiegand et al. 2013). The univariate nearest neighbour distribution function D(r) can be interpreted as the probability that the typical adult tree has its nearest neighbouring adult tree within radius r (or alternatively, the probability that the typical defecation has its nearest neighbouring defecation within radius r). The univariate pair-correlation function g(r) is a non-cumulative normalized neighbourhood density function that gives the expected number of points within rings of radius r and width w centred on a typical point, divided by the mean density of points λ in the study region (Wiegand et al. 2009). We applied g(r) to trees and defecation point patterns separately, using a ring width of 10 m. The K-function K(r) provides a cumulative counterpart to the non-cumulative pair-correlation function g(r) by analysing dispersion and aggregation up to distance r rather than at distance r (Weigand & Moloney 2004). The K-function can be defined as the number of expected points (i.e. either trees or defecations) within circles of radius r extending from a typical point, divided by the mean density of points λ within the study region. Here, we apply the square root transformation L(r) to the K-function to remove scale dependence and stabilize the variance: $L( r ) = \scriptstyle\sqrt {\frac{{K( r )}}{\pi }} - r$ (Besag 1977, Wiegand & Moloney 2014).
Long-term monitoring of landbirds on Aldabra Atoll indicates increasing population trends
Authors: VAN DE CROMMENACKER JANSKE , RICHARDS HEATHER , ONEZIA CATHERINA , MAHOUNE TERENCE , HAUPT PHILIP , ACCOUCHE WILNA , FLEISCHER-DOGLEY FRAUKE , BUNBURY NANCY 
Published: October 2015

SummaryLong-term survey data can provide important information on temporal and spatial changes in bird populations and are needed for conservation management. We investigate population indices of seven landbird species using an 11-year dataset from the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Aldabra Atoll. We analysed the associations of location, season and habitat with abundance, assessed population trends, and examined the influence of monitoring circumstances on results. Populations of all species except for the Aldabra Drongo Dicrurus aldabranus increased over this period. Abundance was associated with season and habitat, and interactions were found between season and location that differed for each species. Bird count results were affected by the timing of monitoring, number of observers and weather conditions. We use the results to review the strengths and weaknesses of the current monitoring programme and make recommendations for improvements. Overall our results indicate no immediate cause for conservation concern for the Aldabra landbird species monitored.
Perfect Packings in Quasirandom Hypergraphs II
Authors: LENZ JOHN , MUBAYI DHRUV 
Published: October 2015

For each of the notions of hypergraph quasirandomness that have been studied, we identify a large class of hypergraphsFso that every quasirandom hypergraphHadmits a perfectF-packing. An informal statement of a special case of our general result for 3-uniform hypergraphs is as follows. Fix an integerr⩾ 4 and 0 <p< 1. Suppose thatHis ann-vertex triple system withr|nand the following two properties:•for every graphGwithV(G) =V(H), at leastpproportion of the triangles inGare also edges ofH,•for every vertexxofH, the link graph ofxis a quasirandom graph with density at leastp.ThenHhas a perfectKr(3)-packing. Moreover, we show that neither of the hypotheses above can be weakened, so in this sense our result is tight. A similar conclusion for this special case can be proved by Keevash's Hypergraph Blow-up Lemma, with a slightly stronger hypothesis onH.
Kit ligand promotes the transition from primordial to primary follicles afterin vitroculture of ovine ovarian tissue
Authors: Cavalcante A.Y.P. , Gouveia B.B. , Barberino R.S. , Lins T.L.B.G. , Santos L.P. , Gonçalves R.J.S. , Celestino J.J.H. , Matos M.H.T. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis study evaluated the effects of kit ligand (KL) on the morphology and development of ovine preantral follicles (fresh control) and after 7 days ofin vitroculture in α-Minimal Essential Medium (α-MEM; control medium) or the presence of KL (1, 10, 50, 100 or 200 ng/ml). There was an increase in the percentage of primary follicles at the concentration of 100 ng/ml KL, compared with the fresh control, control medium (α-MEM) and the other KL concentrations. Follicle diameter was significantly higher than the control medium only at concentrations of 50 and 100 ng/ml KL. In conclusion, 100 ng/ml KL promoted the transition from primordial to primary follicles (follicular activation) afterin vitroculture of ovine ovarian tissue.
Large-scale climatic anomalies affect marine predator foraging behaviour and demography
Authors: Bost Charles A. , Cotté Cedric , Terray Pascal , Barbraud Christophe , Bon Cécile , Delord Karine , Gimenez Olivier , Handrich Yves , Naito Yasuhiko , Guinet Christophe , Weimerskirch Henri 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDetermining the links between the behavioural and population responses of wild species to environmental variations is critical for understanding the impact of climate variability on ecosystems. Using long-term data sets, we show how large-scale climatic anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere affect the foraging behaviour and population dynamics of a key marine predator, the king penguin. When large-scale subtropical dipole events occur simultaneously in both subtropical Southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans, they generate tropical anomalies that shift the foraging zone southward. Consequently the distances that penguins foraged from the colony and their feeding depths increased and the population size decreased. This represents an example of a robust and fast impact of large-scale climatic anomalies affecting a marine predator through changes in its at-sea behaviour and demography, despite lack of information on prey availability. Our results highlight a possible behavioural mechanism through which climate variability may affect population processes.
Structural and functional rejuvenation of the aged brain by an approved anti-asthmatic drug
Authors: Marschallinger Julia , Schäffner Iris , Klein Barbara , Gelfert Renate , Rivera Francisco J. , Illes Sebastian , Grassner Lukas , Janssen Maximilian , Rotheneichner Peter , Schmuckermair Claudia , Coras Roland , Boccazzi Marta , Chishty Mansoor , Lagler Florian B. , Renic Marija , Bauer Hans-Christian , Singewald Nicolas , Blümcke Ingmar , Bogdahn Ulrich , Couillard-Despres Sebastien , Lie D. Chichung , Abbracchio Maria P. , Aigner Ludwig 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAs human life expectancy has improved rapidly in industrialized societies, age-related cognitive impairment presents an increasing challenge. Targeting histopathological processes that correlate with age-related cognitive declines, such as neuroinflammation, low levels of neurogenesis, disrupted blood–brain barrier and altered neuronal activity, might lead to structural and functional rejuvenation of the aged brain. Here we show that a 6-week treatment of young (4 months) and old (20 months) rats with montelukast, a marketed anti-asthmatic drug antagonizing leukotriene receptors, reduces neuroinflammation, elevates hippocampal neurogenesis and improves learning and memory in old animals. By using gene knockdown and knockout approaches, we demonstrate that the effect is mediated through inhibition of the GPR17 receptor. This work illustrates that inhibition of leukotriene receptor signalling might represent a safe and druggable target to restore cognitive functions in old individuals and paves the way for future clinical translation of leukotriene receptor inhibition for the treatment of dementias.
Holographic acoustic elements for manipulation of levitated objects
Authors: Marzo Asier , Seah Sue Ann , Drinkwater Bruce W. , Sahoo Deepak Ranjan , Long Benjamin , Subramanian Sriram 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSound can levitate objects of different sizes and materials through air, water and tissue. This allows us to manipulate cells, liquids, compounds or living things without touching or contaminating them. However, acoustic levitation has required the targets to be enclosed with acoustic elements or had limited manoeuvrability. Here we optimize the phases used to drive an ultrasonic phased array and show that acoustic levitation can be employed to translate, rotate and manipulate particles using even a single-sided emitter. Furthermore, we introduce the holographic acoustic elements framework that permits the rapid generation of traps and provides a bridge between optical and acoustical trapping. Acoustic structures shaped as tweezers, twisters or bottles emerge as the optimum mechanisms for tractor beams or containerless transportation. Single-beam levitation could manipulate particles inside our body for applications in targeted drug delivery or acoustically controlled micro-machines that do not interfere with magnetic resonance imaging.
Tumour-associated macrophages act as a slow-release reservoir of nano-therapeutic Pt(IV) pro-drug
Authors: Miller Miles A. , Zheng Yao-Rong , Gadde Suresh , Pfirschke Christina , Zope Harshal , Engblom Camilla , Kohler Rainer H. , Iwamoto Yoshiko , Yang Katherine S. , Askevold Bjorn , Kolishetti Nagesh , Pittet Mikael , Lippard Stephen J. , Farokhzad Omid C. , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTherapeutic nanoparticles (TNPs) aim to deliver drugs more safely and effectively to cancers, yet clinical results have been unpredictable owing to limited in vivo understanding. Here we use single-cell imaging of intratumoral TNP pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to better comprehend their heterogeneous behaviour. Model TNPs comprising a fluorescent platinum(IV) pro-drug and a clinically tested polymer platform (PLGA-b-PEG) promote long drug circulation and alter accumulation by directing cellular uptake toward tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). Simultaneous imaging of TNP vehicle, its drug payload and single-cell DNA damage response reveals that TAMs serve as a local drug depot that accumulates significant vehicle from which DNA-damaging Pt payload gradually releases to neighbouring tumour cells. Correspondingly, TAM depletion reduces intratumoral TNP accumulation and efficacy. Thus, nanotherapeutics co-opt TAMs for drug delivery, which has implications for TNP design and for selecting patients into trials.
Ocean acidification increases the accumulation of toxic phenolic compounds across trophic levels
Authors: Jin Peng , Wang Tifeng , Liu Nana , Dupont Sam , Beardall John , Boyd Philip W. , Riebesell Ulf , Gao Kunshan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIncreasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification (OA), altering carbonate chemistry with consequences for marine organisms. Here we show that OA increases by 46–212% the production of phenolic compounds in phytoplankton grown under the elevated CO2 concentrations projected for the end of this century, compared with the ambient CO2 level. At the same time, mitochondrial respiration rate is enhanced under elevated CO2 concentrations by 130–160% in a single species or mixed phytoplankton assemblage. When fed with phytoplankton cells grown under OA, zooplankton assemblages have significantly higher phenolic compound content, by about 28–48%. The functional consequences of the increased accumulation of toxic phenolic compounds in primary and secondary producers have the potential to have profound consequences for marine ecosystem and seafood quality, with the possibility that fishery industries could be influenced as a result of progressive ocean changes.
Impaired surface membrane insertion of homo- and heterodimeric human muscle chloride channels carrying amino-terminal myotonia-causing mutations
Authors: Ronstedt Katharina , Sternberg Damien , Detro-Dassen Silvia , Gramkow Thomas , Begemann Birgit , Becher Toni , Kilian Petra , Grieschat Matthias , Machtens Jan-Philipp , Schmalzing Günther , Fischer Martin , Fahlke Christoph 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMutations in the muscle chloride channel gene (CLCN1) cause myotonia congenita, an inherited condition characterized by muscle stiffness upon sudden forceful movement. We here studied the functional consequences of four disease-causing mutations that predict amino acid substitutions Q43R, S70L, Y137D and Q160H. Wild-type (WT) and mutant hClC-1 channels were heterologously expressed as YFP or CFP fusion protein in HEK293T cells and analyzed by whole-cell patch clamp and fluorescence recordings on individual cells. Q43R, Y137D and Q160H, but not S70L reduced macroscopic current amplitudes, but left channel gating and unitary current amplitudes unaffected. We developed a novel assay combining electrophysiological and fluorescence measurements at the single-cell level in order to measure the probability of ion channel surface membrane insertion. With the exception of S70L, all tested mutations significantly reduced the relative number of homodimeric hClC-1 channels in the surface membrane. The strongest effect was seen for Q43R that reduced the surface insertion probability by more than 99% in Q43R homodimeric channels and by 92 ± 3% in heterodimeric WT/Q43R channels compared to homodimeric WT channels. The new method offers a sensitive approach to investigate mutations that were reported to cause channelopathies, but display only minor changes in ion channel function.
A geometric network model of intrinsic grey-matter connectivity of the human brain
Authors: Lo Yi-Ping , O’Dea Reuben , Crofts Jonathan J. , Han Cheol E. , Kaiser Marcus 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNetwork science provides a general framework for analysing the large-scale brain networks that naturally arise from modern neuroimaging studies and a key goal in theoretical neuroscience is to understand the extent to which these neural architectures influence the dynamical processes they sustain. To date, brain network modelling has largely been conducted at the macroscale level (i.e. white-matter tracts), despite growing evidence of the role that local grey matter architecture plays in a variety of brain disorders. Here, we present a new model of intrinsic grey matter connectivity of the human connectome. Importantly, the new model incorporates detailed information on cortical geometry to construct ‘shortcuts’ through the thickness of the cortex, thus enabling spatially distant brain regions, as measured along the cortical surface, to communicate. Our study indicates that structures based on human brain surface information differ significantly, both in terms of their topological network characteristics and activity propagation properties, when compared against a variety of alternative geometries and generative algorithms. In particular, this might help explain histological patterns of grey matter connectivity, highlighting that observed connection distances may have arisen to maximise information processing ability and that such gains are consistent with (and enhanced by) the presence of short-cut connections.
Simultaneous demultiplexing and steering of multiple orbital angular momentum modes
Authors: Li Shuhui , Wang Jian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe present a simple scheme to perform simultaneous demultiplexing and steering of multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes using a single complex phase mask. By designing the phase mask, the propagation directions of demultiplexed beams can be arbitrarily steered. System experiments using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing 32-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (OFDM-32QAM) signals over two OAM modes are carried out by using a two-mode complex phase mask. Moreover, demultiplexing of sixteen OAM modes and arbitrary demultiplexed beam steering are also demonstrated in the experiment.
Strong odd-frequency correlations in fully gapped Zeeman-split superconductors
Authors: Linder Jacob , Robinson Jason W. A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt is now well established that at a superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) interface an unconventional superconducting state arises in which the pairing is odd-frequency. The hallmark signature of this superconducting state is generally understood to be an enhancement of the electronic density of states (DoS) at subgap energies close to the S/F interface. However, here we show that an odd frequency state can be present even if the DoS is fully gapped. As an example, we show that this is the case in the pioneering S/FI (where FI is a insulating ferromagnet) tunneling experiments of Meservey and Tedrow and we derive a generalized analytical criterium to describe the effect of odd-frequency pairing on the DoS. Finally, we propose a simple experiment in which odd-frequency pairing in a Zeeman-split superconductor can be unambiguously detected via the application of an external magnetic field.
Annual periodicity in planktonic bacterial and archaeal community composition of eutrophic Lake Taihu
Authors: Li Junfeng , Zhang Junyi , Liu Liyang , Fan Yucai , Li Lianshuo , Yang Yunfeng , Lu Zuhong , Zhang Xuegong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBacterioplankton plays a key role in nutrient cycling and is closely related to water eutrophication and algal bloom. We used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to profile archaeal and bacterial community compositions in the surface water of Lake Taihu. It is one of the largest lakes in China and has suffered from recurring cyanobacterial bloom. A total of 81 water samples were collected from 9 different sites in 9 different months of 2012. We found that temporal variation of the microbial community was significantly greater than spatial variation (adonis, n = 9999, P < 1e−4). The composition of bacterial community in December was similar to that in January and so was the archaeal community, suggesting potential annual periodicity. Unsupervised K-means clustering was used to identify the synchrony of abundance variations between different taxa. We found that the cluster consisting mostly of ACK-M1, C111 (members of acIV), Pelagibacteraceae (alfV-A) and Synechococcaceae showed relatively higher abundance in autumn. On the contrary, the cluster of Comamonadaceae and Methylophilaceae (members of lineage betI and betIV) had higher abundance in spring. The co-occurrence relationships between taxa were greatly altered during the cyanobacterial bloom according to our further network module analysis.
Multifunctional Single-Phase Photocatalysts: Extended Near Infrared Photoactivity and Reliable Magnetic Recyclability
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Zhu Zhu , Li Feng , Huang Yan , Hu Xiang , Huang Haoliang , Peng Ranran , Zhai XiaoFang , Fu Zhengping , Lu Yalin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA practical photocatalyst should be able to integrate together various functions including the extended solar conversion, a feasible and economic recyclability and above the room temperature operation potential, et al., in order to fulfill the spreading application needs in nowadays. In this report, a multifunctional single-phase photocatalyst which possesses a high photoactivity extended into the near infrared region, an easy magnetic recyclability and the high temperature stability was developed by doping Co into a new layer-structured Bi7Fe3Ti3O21 material. Light absorption and photocatalytic activity of the resulted Bi7Fe3-xCoxTi3O21 photocatalyst were extended to the long wavelength as far as 800 nm. Its strong ferromagnetism above the room temperature enables the nanopowders fully recyclable in viscous solutions simply with a magnet bar in an experimental demonstration. Furthermore, such photoactivity and magnetic recyclability were heavily tested under high-temperature and high-viscosity conditions, which was intended to simulate the actual industrial environments. This work brings the bright light to a full availability of a new multifunctional photocatalyst, via integrating the much enhanced ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, optoelectronic properties, most importantly, into a single-phase structure.
The spatial range of peripheral collinear facilitation
Authors: Maniglia Marcello , Pavan Andrea , Aedo-Jury Felipe , Trotter Yves 
Published: October 2015

AbstractContrast detection thresholds for a central Gabor patch (target) can be modulated by the presence of co-oriented and collinear high contrast Gabors flankers. In foveal vision collinear facilitation can be observed for target-to-flankers relative distances beyond two times the wavelength (λ) of the Gabor’s carrier, while for shorter relative distances (<2λ) there is suppression. These modulatory influences seem to disappear after 12λ. In this study, we measured contrast detection thresholds for different spatial frequencies (1, 4 and 6 cpd) and target-to-flankers relative distances ranging from 6 to 16λ, but with collinear configurations presented in near periphery at 4° of eccentricity. Results showed that in near periphery collinear facilitation extends beyond 12λ for the higher spatial frequencies tested (4 and 6 cpd), while it decays already at 10λ for the lowest spatial frequency used (i.e., 1 cpd). In addition, we found that increasing the spatial frequency the peak of collinear facilitation shifts towards larger target-to-flankers relative distances (expressed as multiples of the stimulus wavelength), an effect never reported neither for near peripheral nor for central vision. The results suggest that the peak and the spatial extent of collinear facilitation in near periphery depend on the spatial frequency of the stimuli used.
Quantitative micro-elastography: imaging of tissue elasticity using compression optical coherence elastography
Authors: Kennedy Kelsey M. , Chin Lixin , McLaughlin Robert A. , Latham Bruce , Saunders Christobel M. , Sampson David D. , Kennedy Brendan F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProbing the mechanical properties of tissue on the microscale could aid in the identification of diseased tissues that are inadequately detected using palpation or current clinical imaging modalities, with potential to guide medical procedures such as the excision of breast tumours. Compression optical coherence elastography (OCE) maps tissue strain with microscale spatial resolution and can delineate microstructural features within breast tissues. However, without a measure of the locally applied stress, strain provides only a qualitative indication of mechanical properties. To overcome this limitation, we present quantitative micro-elastography, which combines compression OCE with a compliant stress sensor to image tissue elasticity. The sensor consists of a layer of translucent silicone with well-characterized stress-strain behaviour. The measured strain in the sensor is used to estimate the two-dimensional stress distribution applied to the sample surface. Elasticity is determined by dividing the stress by the strain in the sample. We show that quantification of elasticity can improve the ability of compression OCE to distinguish between tissues, thereby extending the potential for inter-sample comparison and longitudinal studies of tissue elasticity. We validate the technique using tissue-mimicking phantoms and demonstrate the ability to map elasticity of freshly excised malignant and benign human breast tissues.