bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do patients with glaucoma think about personal health records?
Authors: Somner John EA , Sii Freda , Bourne Rupert , Cross Vinette , Shah Peter 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurposePutting patients in control of their records is one way of promoting patient centred care and patients with chronic health problems may benefit most from personal health records (PHRs). Glaucoma management is often complicated by incomplete understanding and poor adherence to treatment, two areas which a PHR may help to address. This study aimed to discover what patients with glaucoma think about PHRs and what type of information a glaucoma PHR should contain.MethodsA consultation exercise using a focus group approach involving 71 participants was undertaken to discuss if a PHR would be useful and what it would be like. Narrative data were collected through written notes and an online forum in addition to transcripts of the focus group feedback session and individual interviews. Recordings were transcribed and analysed with simple thematic analysis facilitated by NVivo software (www.qsrinternational.com).ResultsThe consultation exercise indicated enthusiasm for PHRs. Views varied on the best format, some participants strongly favoured electronic records and others preferred a low‐tech, paper based format. A comprehensive dataset of 24 items was developed which highlighted areas which are not covered by existing guidance to developers. A model for how PHRs may be useful as an education tool in clinical practice was devised.ConclusionsAsking patients what they thought about a glaucoma PHR raised challenging questions and adds perspective to predominantly clinician led development. Listening and responding to such viewpoints is fundamental to developing more patient centred PHRs which may act both as health record and self‐care educational tool to promote more holistic, efficient glaucoma care.
Immunogenic assessment of plant‐produced human papillomavirus type 16 L1/L2 chimaeras
Authors: Pineo Catherine B. , Hitzeroth Inga I. , Rybicki Edward P. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryCervical cancer is caused by infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV) and is a global concern, particularly in developing countries, which have ~80% of the burden. HPV L1 virus‐like particle (VLP) type–restricted vaccines prevent new infections and associated disease. However, their high cost has limited their application, and cytological screening programmes are still required to detect malignant lesions associated with the nonvaccine types. Thus, there is an urgent need for cheap second‐generation HPV vaccines that protect against multiple types. The objective of this study was to express novel HPV‐16 L1‐based chimaeras, containing cross‐protective epitopes from the L2 minor capsid protein, in tobacco plants. These L1/L2 chimaeras contained epitope sequences derived from HPV‐16 L2 amino acid 108–120, 56–81 or 17–36 substituted into the C‐terminal helix 4 (h4) region of L1 from amino acid 414. All chimaeras were expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana via an Agrobacterium‐mediated transient system and targeted to chloroplasts. The chimaeras were highly expressed with yields of ~1.2 g/kg plant tissue; however, they assembled differently, indicating that the length and nature of the L2 epitope affect VLP assembly. The chimaera containing L2 amino acids 108–120 was the most successful candidate vaccine. It assembled into small VLPs and elicited anti‐L1 and anti‐L2 responses in mice, and antisera neutralized homologous HPV‐16 and heterologous HPV‐52 pseudovirions. The other chimaeras predominantly assembled into capsomeres and other aggregates and elicited weaker humoral immune responses, demonstrating the importance of VLP assembly for the immunogenicity of candidate vaccines.
National Japanese survey of thrombolytic therapy selection for coronary aneurysm: Intracoronary thrombolysis or intravenous coronary thrombolysis in patients with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Harada Mana , Akimoto Katsumi , Ogawa Shunichi , Kato Hitoshi , Nakamura Yosikazu , Hamaoka Kenji , Saji Tsutomu , Shimizu Toshiaki , Kato Tatsuo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThrombolytic therapy for coronary aneurysm thrombosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) includes antiplatelet and anticoagulants, i.v. coronary thrombolysis (IVCT), and i.c. thrombolysis (ICT). Therapeutic methods, drugs and doses vary among medical facilities.Methods and ResultsA nationwide survey of thrombolytic therapy was conducted under the auspices of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Research Program to Intractable Diseases Research Grants. A secondary survey targeted 14 facilities conducting thrombolytic therapy during a 5 year period (2004–2009). The primary survey investigated performance of thrombolytic therapy for 23 KD patients at 14 facilities, and of these, five with acute myocardial infarction had received ICT and combined therapy. The secondary survey investigated the pre‐treatment condition of aneurysm and thrombosis and actual treatment methods. ICT was effective for small thrombi (≤10 mm), while IVCT was effective even for giant thrombi (>10 mm). ICT was also effective for thrombi within several hours after formation.ConclusionIn the present nationwide survey, thrombolytic therapy was more effective in cases of a shorter duration between thrombus formation and the start of treatment. It was found that many facilities used only IVCT for thrombus alone. Medications given to KD children did not cause serious hemorrhagic complications, unlike in adults. Although doses exceeded recommended levels in many cases, the only complications were nasal bleeding and fever.
Aim‐then‐shoot anemotaxis involved in the hopping approach of potato tuberworm moth Phthorimaea operculella toward a sex pheromone source
Authors: TEJIMA SHIN , ONO TOMOHIRO , SAKUMA MASAYUKI 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMale moths locate conspecific females by pheromone‐induced upwind flight maintained by detecting a visual flow, termed optomotor anemotaxis. Their behavioural pattern is characterized by an upwind surge in response to a pheromone stimulus and crosswind casting after odour loss, which is considered to be reset and restarted on receipt of another pheromone pulse. However, pheromone‐stimulated males of the potato tuberworm moth Phthorimaea operculella exhibit a series of short and straight intermittent flights, or hops, when moving upwind. It is unclear whether they navigate by employing the same behavioural pattern and wind detection mechanism as that used by flying moths. To analyze odour‐modulated anemotaxis in male potato tuberworm moths, a flat wind tunnel is constructed to give regular odour stimuli to an insect regardless of its location. Moths are subjected to pheromone pulses of different frequencies to test whether they show a behavioural pattern that is reset and restarted by a pheromone pulse. Moths on the ground are also subjected to crosswind shear to examine their detection of wind direction. Path analyses reveal that males surge upwind when they receive a pheromone pulse and exhibit casting by successive hops when they lose odour. This behavioural pattern appears to be similar to that of flying moths. When the direction of the airflow is switched orthogonally, males adjust their course angle accordingly when they are on the ground. It is suggested that, instead of optomotor anemotaxis, this ‘aim‐then‐shoot’ system aids the detection of wind direction, possibly by mechanosensory means.
Shifted generic cohomology
Authors: Parshall Brian J. , Scott Leonard L. , Stewart David I. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe idea that the cohomology of finite groups might be fruitfully approached via the cohomology of ambient semisimple algebraic groups was first shown to be viable in the papers [E. Cline, B. Parshall, and L. Scott, Cohomology of finite groups of Lie type, I, Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 45 (1975), 169–191] and [E. Cline, B. Parshall, L. Scott and W. van der Kallen, Rational and generic cohomology, Invent. Math. 39 (1977), 143–163]. The second paper introduced, through a limiting process, the notion of generic cohomology, as an intermediary between finite Chevalley group and algebraic group cohomology. The present paper shows that, for irreducible modules as coefficients, the limits can be eliminated in all but finitely many cases. These exceptional cases depend only on the root system and cohomological degree. In fact, we show that, for sufficiently large $r$, depending only on the root system and $m$, and not on the prime $p$ or the irreducible module $L$, there are isomorphisms ${\mathrm{H} }^{m} (G({p}^{r} ), L)\cong {\mathrm{H} }^{m} (G({p}^{r} ), {L}^{\prime } )\cong { \mathrm{H} }_{\mathrm{gen} }^{m} (G, {L}^{\prime } )\cong {\mathrm{H} }^{m} (G, {L}^{\prime } )$, where the subscript ‘gen’ refers to generic cohomology and ${L}^{\prime } $ is a constructibly determined irreducible ‘shift’ of the (arbitrary) irreducible module $L$ for the finite Chevalley group $G({p}^{r} )$. By a famous theorem of Steinberg, both $L$ and ${L}^{\prime } $ extend to irreducible modules for the ambient algebraic group $G$ with ${p}^{r} $-restricted highest weights. This leads to the notion of a module or weight being ‘shifted $m$-generic’, and thus to the title of this paper. Our approach is based on questions raised by the third author in [D. I. Stewart, The second cohomology of simple ${\mathrm{SL} }_{3} $-modules, Comm. Algebra 40 (2012), 4702–4716], which we answer here in the cohomology cases. We obtain many additional results, often with formulations in the more general context of ${ \mathrm{Ext} }_{G({p}^{r} )}^{m} $ with irreducible coefficients.
Mechanisms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-Induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Gralinski Lisa E. , Bankhead Armand , Jeng Sophia , Menachery Vineet D. , Proll Sean , Belisle Sarah E. , Matzke Melissa , Webb-Robertson Bobbie-Jo M. , Luna Maria L. , Shukla Anil K. , Ferris Martin T. , Bolles Meagan , Chang Jean , Aicher Lauri , Waters Katrina M. , Smith Richard D. , Metz Thomas O. , Law G. Lynn , Katze Michael G. , McWeeney Shannon , Baric Ralph S. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTSystems biology offers considerable promise in uncovering novel pathways by which viruses and other microbial pathogens interact with host signaling and expression networks to mediate disease severity. In this study, we have developed an unbiased modeling approach to identify new pathways and network connections mediating acute lung injury, using severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) as a model pathogen. We utilized a time course of matched virologic, pathological, and transcriptomic data within a novel methodological framework that can detect pathway enrichment among key highly connected network genes. This unbiased approach produced a high-priority list of 4 genes in one pathway out of over 3,500 genes that were differentially expressed following SARS-CoV infection. With these data, we predicted that the urokinase and other wound repair pathways would regulate lethal versus sublethal disease following SARS-CoV infection in mice. We validated the importance of the urokinase pathway for SARS-CoV disease severity using genetically defined knockout mice, proteomic correlates of pathway activation, and pathological disease severity. The results of these studies demonstrate that a fine balance exists between host coagulation and fibrinolysin pathways regulating pathological disease outcomes, including diffuse alveolar damage and acute lung injury, following infection with highly pathogenic respiratory viruses, such as SARS-CoV.IMPORTANCESevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in 2002 and 2003, and infected patients developed an atypical pneumonia, acute lung injury (ALI), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leading to pulmonary fibrosis and death. We identified sets of differentially expressed genes that contribute to ALI and ARDS using lethal and sublethal SARS-CoV infection models. Mathematical prioritization of our gene sets identified the urokinase and extracellular matrix remodeling pathways as the most enriched pathways. By infecting Serpine1-knockout mice, we showed that the urokinase pathway had a significant effect on both lung pathology and overall SARS-CoV pathogenesis. These results demonstrate the effective use of unbiased modeling techniques for identification of high-priority host targets that regulate disease outcomes. Similar transcriptional signatures were noted in 1918 and 2009 H1N1 influenza virus-infected mice, suggesting a common, potentially treatable mechanism in development of virus-induced ALI.
Differential Brain Effects of Laser and Needle Acupuncture at Lr8 Using Functional Mri
Authors: Quah-Smith Im , Williams Mark A , Lundeberg Thomas , Suo Chao , Sachdev Perminder 
Published: August 2013

Objective While needle acupuncture is a well-accepted technique, laser acupuncture is being increasingly used in clinical practice. The differential effects of the two techniques are of interest. We examine this in relation to brain effects of activation of LR8, a putative acupuncture point for depression, using functional MRI (fMRI). Methods Sixteen healthy participants were randomised to receive low intensity laser acupuncture to LR8 on one side and needle acupuncture to the contralateral LR8. Stimulation was in an on-off block design and brain patterns were recorded under fMRI. Results Significant activation occurred in the left precuneus during laser acupuncture compared with needle acupuncture and significant activation occurred in the left precentral gyrus during needle acupuncture compared with laser acupuncture. Conclusions Laser and needle acupuncture at LR8 in healthy participants produced different brain patterns. Laser acupuncture activated the precuneus relevant to mood in the posterior default mode network while needle acupuncture activated the parietal cortical region associated with the primary motor cortex. Further investigations are warranted to evaluate the clinical relevance of these effects.
Inspiratory muscle training protocol for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (IMTCO study): a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Charususin Noppawan , Gosselink Rik , Decramer Marc , McConnell Alison , Saey Didier , Maltais Francois , Derom Eric , Vermeersch Stefanie , van Helvoort Hanneke , Heijdra Yvonne , Klaassen Mariska , Glöckl Rainer , Kenn Klaus , Langer Daniel 
Published: August 2013

IntroductionInspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been applied during pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it remains unclear if the addition of IMT to a general exercise training programme leads to additional clinically relevant improvements in patients with COPD. In this study, we will investigate whether the addition of IMT to a general exercise training programme improves 6 min walking distance, health-related quality of life, daily physical activity and inspiratory muscle function in patients with COPD with inspiratory muscle weakness.Methods and analysisPatients with COPD (n=170) with inspiratory muscle weakness (Pi,max<60 cm H2O or <50%pred) will be recruited to a multicentre randomised placebo controlled trial of IMT and allocated into one of the two groups. Patients in both groups will follow a 3 month general exercise training programme, in combination with home-based IMT. IMT will be performed with a recently developed device (POWERbreathe KH1). This device applies an inspiratory load that is provided by an electronically controlled valve (variable flow resistive load). The intervention group (n=85) will undertake an IMT programme at a high intensity (≥50% of their Pi,max), whereas the placebo group (n=85) will undertake IMT at a low training intensity (≤10% of Pi,max). Total daily IMT time for both groups will be 21 min (6 cycles of 30 breaths). Improvement in the 6 min walking distance will be the primary outcome. Inspiratory muscle function, health-related quality of life and daily physical activity will be assessed as secondary outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from relevant centre committees and the study has been registered in a publicly accessible clinical trial database. The results will be easily interpretable and should immediately be communicated to healthcare providers, patients and the general public.ResultsThis can be incorporated into evidence-based treatment recommendations for clinical practice.ClinicalTrials.govNCT01397396.
Hospital performance based on treatment delays: comparison of ranking methods
Authors: Leleu Henri , Capuano Frédéric , Nitenberg Gérard , Travental Lydie , Minvielle Etienne 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundReducing time-to-care is crucial in many acute and chronic diseases. Quality indicators based on target delays derived from guidelines are used to compare hospital performance but there is no accepted methodology for comparing performance when no target delay has been established.AimTo explore by different statistical methods the uncertainty in hospital comparisons that are based on delay indicators, when no target delay is available.MethodsData for hospital door-to-needle time were extracted from a 2010 study of 1699 patients in 57 hospitals with ST-elevated myocardial infarction. We determined whether the times in each hospital were statistically different from the overall mean time or the median time for all hospitals by (i) one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), (ii) non-parametric ANOVA with Nelson–Hsu adjustment (ANOVA R) and (iii) the proportional hazard model (PHM). We also tested for the assumptions underlying the methods: normal distribution for ANOVA, homogeneity of variances (homoscedasticity) for ANOVA and ANOVA R, and proportionality for PHM.ResultsDoor-to-needle times were available for 889 patients in 44 hospitals. Data distribution was not Gaussian. Test assumptions were verified for ANOVA R (homoscedasticity) for one data subset (>48-h times (48H) excluded) and for PHM (proportionality) for two data subsets (48H or >95th percentile (P95) times excluded). The same five significantly better performers were identified in each case (although ANOVA R missed one). ANOVA R (48H) identified two significantly poorer performers, PHM (48H) identified three and PHM (P95) just one. Poorer performers differed according to method.ConclusionsThe tested statistical methods yielded broadly similar results but no method was truly satisfactory. A transparency statement should therefore always specify the ranking method used to compare hospital performance.
Changing patterns of disseminated gonococcal infection in France: cross-sectional data 2009–2011
Authors: Belkacem Anna , Caumes Eric , Ouanich Jocelyne , Jarlier Vincent , Dellion Sophie , Cazenave Benoit , Goursaud Régis , Lacassin Flore , Breuil Jacques , Patey Olivier ,   for the working group FRA-DGI
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesDisseminated gonococcal infections (DGIs) are rare. We describe the characteristics of DGIs in France.MethodsThis is a 3-year retrospective analysis of DGI cases collected through two networks of microbiologists and infectious disease specialists in France between 2009 and 2011. DGI was defined either by the isolation ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaefrom blood and synovial fluid or by the existence of a clinical syndrome consistent with DGI and the isolation ofN gonorrhoeaefrom any site. We describe the epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics and outcomes of DGIs.Results21 patients (9 women, 12 men; 18–62 years old) were diagnosed with DGI. The number of DGI cases increased between 2009 and 2011. Two men who had sex with men were coinfected with HIV. We found 28 extragenital locations, including arthritis (14 cases), tenosynovitis (7), skin lesions (4), endocarditis (1), prostatitis (1) and pelvic inflammatory disease (1). Genital signs were present in five patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by cultures in 20 patients—blood (4), synovial fluid (11), genital (3), throat (1), urine (1)—and by molecular biology on a pharyngeal swab in 1 patient. Seven cases were resistant to fluoroquinolones. The patients were treated with ceftriaxone, associated with corticosteroids (two cases) and surgery (six cases). Four patients had joint sequelae.ConclusionsDGIs are increasing. Men seem to be at higher risk than women. Joint involvement was common. Microbiological diagnosis was based on culture, however molecular biology using pharyngeal swabs was helpful when cultures were negative.
Continental Upper Carboniferous red beds in the Variscan intermontane Saale Basin, central Germany: orbital forcing detected by wavelet analysis
Authors: Gebhardt Ute , Hiete Michael 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Stratigraphical correlation within continental red beds is hampered by uniformity of sediments and the lack of fossils, such that classical lithostratigraphical and biostratigraphical methods often fail. For a drilled section of Upper Carboniferous non-marine sediments of the Variscan intermontane Saale Basin, almost 800 m in thickness, an alternative approach is proposed. Wavelet-based time-series analysis is used to identify the internal organization of the cyclicity, and to distinguish cycles of different magnitude and origin as being autocyclically, tectonically or climatically controlled. Based on this distinction, basin-wide correlations of fluvial red beds are possible using a combination of high-resolution stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and classical lithostratigraphy. The analyses of well Querfurt 1/64 suggest the presence of short and long eccentricity cycles, and a duration of 5–7 Ma if the grey facies at the base of the section is to be correlated with the Grillenberg Subformation sediments. This subformation is of Stephanian A or Barruelian age, respectively, such that the well Querfurt 1/64 exposes a nearly complete section of the Mansfeld Subgroup (complete Stephanian stage).
Differential Movement across Byrd Glacier, Antarctica, as indicated by Apatite (U–Th)/He thermochronology and geomorphological analysis
Authors: Foley D. J. , Stump E. , van Soest M. , Whipple K. X. , Hodges K. V. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to assess possible differential movement across an inferred fault beneath Byrd Glacier, and to measure the timing of unroofing in this portion of the Transantarctic Mountains. Apatites separated from rock samples collected from known elevations at various locations north and south of Byrd Glacier were dated using single crystal (U–Th)/He analysis. Results indicate a denudation rate of
c.
0.04 mm a
−1
in the time range
c.
140–40 Ma. Distinct age v. elevation plots from north and south of Byrd Glacier indicate an offset of
c.
1 km across the glacier with south side up. A Landsat image of the Byrd Glacier area was overlain on an Aster Global Digital Elevation Model and spot elevations of the Kukri erosion surface to the north and south of Byrd Glacier were mapped. The difference in elevation of the erosion surface across Byrd Glacier also shows an offset of
c.
1 km with south side up. Results support a model of relatively uniform cooling and unroofing of the region with later, post-40 Ma fault displacement that uplifted the south side of Byrd Glacier relative to the north.

Supplementary material:

Sample and apatite (U–Th)/He data are listed at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18671