bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Abilities of Elite Nationally Ranked SCRABBLE and Crossword Experts
Authors: Toma Michael , Halpern Diane F. , Berger Dale E. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryTheoretical models of working memory suggest that the simultaneous processing and storage of information is carried out either as separate or binded mechanisms. We explored working memory capacity and strategy in two elite groups of experts to test the separate versus binded hypotheses. Visuospatial and verbal abilities were measured in elite nationally ranked SCRABBLE and crossword experts and compared with college students matched on quantitative and verbal SAT scores, both exceeding 700 on average. SCRABBLE and crossword experts significantly outperformed college students on all cognitive measures. The crossword experts scored significantly higher on a test of analogies than SCRABBLE experts, but performance for cognitive ability tasks did not significantly differ between expert groups. The techniques and strategies used during competitive play, however, did differ significantly. Findings suggest that visuospatial and verbal working memory capacities of SCRABBLE and crossword experts are binded and occur at extraordinarily high levels. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and pathologic characteristics of intranasal abuse of combined opioid‐acetaminophen medications
Authors: Vosler Peter S. , Ferguson Berrylin J. , Contreras Jorge I. , Wang Eric W. , Schaitkin Barry M. , Lee Stella 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThe nonmedical abuse of prescription opioids via intranasal administration is a growing problem. The objective of this study is to investigate of the typical presentation of intranasal opioid‐acetaminophen abuse and outline optimal therapy.MethodsThis study was a retrospective chart review. Patients with intranasal pathology from inhalation of combined opioid‐acetaminophen medications (COAMs) from 3 academic otolaryngology practices in western Pennsylvania from January 2012 to October 2012 were included in the review.ResultsSeven adults ranging in age from 23 to 46 years were identified with nasal complaints from the intranasal inhalation of COAMs. All patients presented with nasal pain and were found to have fibrinous necrotic nasal mucosa involving the posterior nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Of the 7 patients, 6 (85.7%) presented with a septal perforation. Pathology and culture revealed fungus in 85.7% of the patients; however, no invasive fungal disease was noted in any of the specimens. Patients did not improve with either systemic or topical antifungal therapy. Polarizable material characteristic of talc used as a tablet binder was present in the histopathology of 4 of 7 (57.1%) patients. Patients who abstained from intranasal drug use along with serial debridement demonstrated the greatest improvement.ConclusionIntranasal COAM abuse causes nasal pain, tissue necrosis with potential septal and palatal perforation, and noninvasive fungal colonization. Antifungal therapy was of no benefit in the current series of patients. Current therapy should focus on recognition of the etiology of patients’ pathology and encourage abstinence from intranasal use of these drugs along with serial debridements.
Enzymatischer Abbau von (Ligno)Cellulose
Authors: Bornscheuer Uwe , Buchholz Klaus , Seibel Jürgen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGlycoside abbauende Enzyme spielen eine dominante Rolle bei der biochemischen Umwandlung cellulosischer Biomasse zu preiswerten Biokraftstoffen und wertschöpfenden Chemikalien. Neue Einsichten in Proteinfunktionen und Substratstrukturen, Kinetiken zur Erkennung und Abbauereignisse münden in einem substanziell verbesserten Verständnis des Celluloseabbaus.
Preparation of polyHIPE/clay composites by using a reactive intercalant
Authors: Çira Funda , Berber Elif , Şen Sinan , Mert E. Hilal 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTPorous polymer composites have been synthesized by polymerizing the continuous phase of styrene/divinylbenzene high internal phase emulsions in the presence of organophilic montmorillonite clay having a novel oil‐based intercalant which is a reactive methacryl derivative of quaternized methyl oleate. The morphological features, thermal stability and mechanical properties, namely compression modulus and crush strength of the resulting composites have been investigated as a function of degree of nanoclay loading. All the composites reinforced with the clay were found to have improved thermal and mechanical properties as well as desired porous and interconnected structural morphology, as compared with the bare polyHIPE matrix. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41333.
DNA methylation aberrations rather than polymorphisms of FZD3 gene increase the risk of spina bifida in a high‐risk region for neural tube defects
Authors: Shangguan Shaofang , Wang Li , Chang Shaoyan , Lu Xiaoling , Wang Zhen , Wu Lihua , Wang Jianhua , Wang Xiuwei , Guan Zhen , Bao Yihua , Zhao Huizhi , Zou Jizhen , Niu Bo , Zhang Ting 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUNDAnimal models of neural tube defects (NTDs) have indicated roles for the Fzd3 gene and the planar cell polarity signaling pathway in convergent extension. We investigated the involvement of FZD3 in genetic and epigenetic mechanisms associated with human NTDs, especially spina bifida. We explored the effects of variants spanning the FZD3 gene in NTDs and examined the role of aberrant methylation of the FZD3 promoter on gene expression in brain tissue in spina bifida.METHODSSix FZD3 single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped using a MassARRAY system in tissue from 165 NTD fetuses and 152 controls. DNA methylation aberrations in the FZD3 promoter region were detected using a MassARRAY EpiTYPER (17 CpG units from −500 to −2400 bp from the transcription start site) in brain tissue from 77 spina bifida and 74 control fetuses.RESULTSNone of the six single nucleotide polymorphisms evaluated were significantly associated with spina bifida, but the mean methylation level was significantly higher in spina bifida samples (13.70%) compared with control samples (10.91%) (p = 0.001). In terms of specific sites, DNA methylation levels were significantly higher in the spina bifida samples at 14 of the 17 CpG units, which mostly included in R2 region. FZD3 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with methylation of the FZD3 promoter region, especially the R2 region (R = 0.970; p = 0.001) in HeLa cells.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study suggest that DNA methylation plays an important role in FZD3 gene expression regulation and may be associated with an increased risk of spina bifida. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:37–44, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile Synthesis of Thiol‐functionalized Mesoporous Silica – Their Role for Heavy Metal Removal Efficiency
Authors: Lin Ling‐Chu , Thirumavalavan Munusamy , Lee Jiunn‐Fwu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA simple approach based on the covalent grafting of 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane groups onto the framework of two types of mesoporous silica C16 (surface area: 1568.72 m2/g; pore size: 3.07 nm) using hexadecyltrimethyl ammoniumbromide and C9 (surface area: 779.83 m2/g; pore size: 4.51 nm) using nonyltrimethyl ammoniumbromide as templates has been reported. Various techniques were employed to confirm the thiol functionalization. A considerable decline in the surface area, pore volume, and interestingly an enhancement in the pore size were observed for functionalized materials. The functionalized derivatives were able to bind quantitatively several folds Ag+ and Hg2+ ions compared to that of unmodified mesoporous silica and a comparative study with earlier reports indicated that the mesoporous silica discussed in this present work showed superior adsorption behavior. Mercapto‐functionalized mesoporous silica have not only exhibited an enhanced adsorption rate towards Ag+ and Hg2+ but also demonstrated that the maximum adsorption capacity of Ag+ (C16 = 0.73 mg/g; C16‐SAn = 192.31 mg/g; C16‐SH = 250.00 mg/g; C9 = 0.66 mg/g; C9‐SAn = 181.82; C9‐SH = 185.85 mg/g) and Hg2+ (C16 = 0.40 mg/g; C16‐SAn = 114.94 mg/g; C16‐SH = 126.58 mg/g; C9 = 0.31 mg/g; C9‐SAn = 108.70; C9‐SH = 112.36 mg/g) is hundred times higher than that of unmodified mesoporous silica. Thus, it is evident that these thiol‐functionalized mesoporous silica can be promising adsorbents for the treatment of Hg2+ and Ag+ contaminants in aqueous solution.
Restrictive food intake as a choice—A paradigm for study
Authors: Steinglass Joanna , Foerde Karin , Kostro Katrina , Shohamy Daphna , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveInadequate intake and preference for low‐calorie foods are salient behavioral features of Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The neurocognitive mechanisms underlying pathological food choice have not been characterized. This study aimed to develop a new paradigm for experimentally modeling maladaptive food choice in AN.MethodIndividuals with AN (n = 22) and healthy controls (HC, n = 20) participated in a computer‐based Food Choice Task, adapted for individuals with eating disorders. Participants first rated 43 food images (including high‐fat and low‐fat items) for Healthiness and Tastiness; an item rated neutral on both blocks was then selected as the Reference item. On each of 42 subsequent trials participants were asked to choose between the food item presented and the Reference item.ResultsThe AN group was less likely to choose high‐fat foods relative to HC, as evidenced both in multilevel logistic regression (z = 2.59, p = .009) and ANOVA (F(1,39) = 7.80, p = .008) analyses. Health ratings influenced choice significantly more in AN relative to HC (z = 2.7, p = .006), and were more related to Taste among AN (χ = 4.10, p = .04). Additionally, taste ratings declined with duration of illness (r = −.50, p = .02).DiscussionThe Food Choice Task captures the preference for low‐fat foods among individuals with AN. The findings suggest that the experience of tastiness changes over time and may contribute to perpetuation of illness. By providing an experimental quantitative measure of food restriction, this task opens the door to new experimental investigations into the cognitive, affective, and neural factors contributing to maladaptive food choices characteristic of AN. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:59–66)
Physico‐chemical and rheological characterization of olive‐pomace oils
Authors: Sánchez‐Gutiérrez Carla Andrea , Casas Marta , Lucero M. Jesús , Ruiz‐Méndez M. Victoria 
Published: August 2014

In this paper the characteristics and rheological behavior of crude olive‐pomace oil extracted by mechanical and chemical means throughout one harvest period have been studied. Oils were turbid at 25°C and behaved as non‐Newtonian fluids. While the mechanically extracted samples fitted to the rheological model of Herschel–Bulkley, the chemical extracted samples fitted better to the model of Ostwald‐De Waele or Power Law.The mechanical properties of the olive‐pomace oils have been studied from rotational rheological point of view in order to obtain information about the flow behavior and the viscosity, necessary in different fields of application for the design, development, optimization, and quality control of new formulations with this type of oil.
Linear Oligocarbazole‐Based Organogelators: Synthesis and Fluorescent Probing of Explosives
Authors: Hong Guanghui , Qian Chong , Xue Pengchong , Liu Xingliang , Wang Qingqing , Liu Mingyang , Gong Peng , Lu Ran 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe simplest carbazole‐based organogelator C1 (9‐hexadecyl‐9H‐carbazole) has been synthesized and can self‐assemble into nanofibers in the gel phase directed by balanced π–π interactions. To extend the conjugation of the π gelator, we prepared linear carbazole‐based trimer C3 and pentamer C5, which also exhibited gelation behavior in some organic solvents upon ultrasound stimulation. It is found that the xerogel of C3 emits strong blue light under UV irradiation. Notably, the emission of C3 in nanofiber‐based films can be quenched upon exposure to vapors of TNT and DNT. The steady‐state Stern–Volmer plots of C3 in toluene revealed that the fluorescent quenching induced by aromatic nitro compounds is due to photoinduced electron transfer. Therefore the emitting nanofibers fabricated from linear carbazole by organogelation can be used as fluorescent sensors to detect explosives.
Computationally‐Efficient Simulation of Transport Phenomena in Fuel Cell Stacks via Electrical and Thermal Decoupling of the Cells
Authors: Sharma A. K. , Birgersson E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTo overcome the prohibitive computational cost associated with detailed mechanistic models for fuel cell stacks, we derive an efficient computational strategy based on thermal and electrical decoupling of cells. The conditions that allow for decoupling are discussed and verified with a non‐isothermal model considering two‐dimensional conservation of mass, momentum, species, energy, charge, and electrochemistry for a 10‐cell proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack. The derived strategy allows for simulation of large stacks comprising hundreds of cells at a low computational cost and complexity; e.g., for a PEMFC stack comprising 500 cells, the decoupled algorithm takes less than 30 min to solve and requires only 1 GB of random access memory.
2‐(v,k,1) Designs Admitting a Primitive Rank 3 Automorphism Group of Affine Type: The Extraspecial and the Exceptional Classes
Authors: Montinaro Alessandro 
Published: August 2014

Abstract2‐(v,k,1) designs admitting a primitive rank 3 automorphism group , where G0 belongs to the Extraspecial Class, or to the Exceptional Class of Liebeck's Theorem in [23], are classified.
Functional expression and synergistic cooperation of xylan‐degrading enzymes from Hypocrea orientalis and Aspergillus niger
Authors: Li Hailong , Wu Jinlian , Jiang Fengjiao , Xue Yong , Liu Jian , Gan Lihui , Ali Nasir , Long Minnan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDXylan plays an important role in the enzymatic digestion of biomass, but xylan‐degrading enzymes are expensive to produce. Current research is focused on improving the activity and efficacy of hydrolytic enzymes by molecular engineering and on understanding the synergistic cooperation of these enzymes.RESULTSIn this study, xylan‐degrading enzymes, including endo‐β‐1,4‐xylanases (HoXyn11A and AnXyn10C), β‐xylosidases (AnXln3D) and α‐L‐arabinofuranosidases (AnAxh62A) from Hypocrea orientalis and Aspergillus niger, were expressed at high levels in Pichia pastoris. Substrate specificity and end product analysis verified the mode of actions of the recombinant enzymes, which were specific for xylan degradation. Synergistic cooperation among these recombinant enzymes was clearly demonstrated. AnXyn10C was more efficient than HoXyn11A for producing both xylose and xylo‐oligosaccharides from beechwood xylan and wheat arabinoxylan. AnAxh62A displayed better cooperative effects with HoXyn11A than AnXyn10C in the hydrolysis of wheat arabinoxylan and increased the yield of xylobiose and xylotriose 8.6‐fold and 7.3‐fold, respectively. Although AnXln3D was the key enzyme for producing xylose, the yield of xylose depended strongly on the main‐chain and side‐group cleaving enzymes.CONCLUSIONThis study will facilitate the development of highly efficient enzyme cocktails for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into monosaccharides and xylo‐oligosaccharides. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A Comparison of mucosal surface area and villous histology in small intestines of the Brazilian free‐tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) and the mouse (Mus musculus)
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Qiang , Brun Antonio , Price Edwin R. , Cruz‐Neto Ariovaldo P. , Karasov William H. , Caviedes‐Vidal Enrique 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTStudies on birds have led to the hypothesis that increased intestinal absorption between enterocytes (paracellular) evolved as a compensation for smaller intestinal size in fliers, which was perhaps selected to minimize the mass of digesta carried. This hypothesis predicts that bats will also exhibit relatively reduced intestinal size and high paracellular absorption, compared with nonflying mammals. Published studies on three bat species indicate relatively high paracellular absorption. One mechanism for increasing paracellular absorption per cm2 small intestine (SI) is increased number of tight junctions (TJs) across which paracellular absorption occurs. To our knowledge, we provide the first comparative analysis of enterocyte size and number in flying and nonflying mammals. Intestines of insectivorous bats Tadarida brasiliensis were compared with Mus musculus using hematoxylin and eosin staining method. Bats had shorter and narrower SIs than mice, and after correction for body size difference by normalizing to mass3/4, the bats had 40% less nominal surface area than the mouse, as predicted. Villous enhancement of surface area was 90% greater in the bat than in the mouse, mainly because of longer villi and a greater density of villi in bat intestines. Bat and mouse were similar in enterocyte diameter. Bats exceeded mice by 54.4% in villous area per cm length SI and by 95% in number of enterocytes per cm2 of the nominal surface area of the SI. Therefore, an increased density of TJs per cm2 SI may be a mechanistic explanation that helps to understand the high paracellular absorption observed in bats compared to nonflying mammals. J. Morphol. 276:102–108, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical phenotype and genetic analysis of RPS19, RPL5, and RPL11 genes in Greek patients with Diamond Blackfan Anemia
Authors: Delaporta Polyxeni , Sofocleous Christalena , Stiakaki Eftichia , Polychronopoulou Sophia , Economou Marina , Kossiva Lydia , Kostaridou Stavroula , Kattamis Antonis 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundDiamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital, bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by normochromic macrocytic anemia, reticulocytopenia and absence or insufficiency of erythroid precursors in normocellular bone marrow, frequently associated with somatic malformations. Here, we present our findings from the study of 17 patients recorded in the Greek DBA registry.ProcedureClinical evaluation of patients and data collection was performed followed by the molecular analysis of RPS19, RPL5, and RPL11 genes. Mutation screening included PCR amplification, ECMA analysis, and direct sequencing.ResultsCongenital anomalies were observed in 71% of the patients. Six patients (35.2%) were found to carry mutations on either the RPS19 gene (three patients,) or the RPL5 gene (three patients). Mutations c.C390G (p.Y130X) and c.197_198insA (p.Y66X) detected in the RPL5 gene were novel. No mutations at the RPL11 gene were identified in Greek patients with DBA.ConclusionsThe clinical course of the patients was similar to previous reports. The occurrence of thyroid carcinoma in an adult patient with DBA is the first to be reported in DBA. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2249–2255. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patient preferences for treatments to delay bone metastases
Authors: Hauber A. Brett , Arellano Jorge , Qian Yi , González Juan Marcos , Posner Joshua D. , Mohamed Ateesha F. , Gatta Francesca , Tombal Bertrand , Body Jean‐Jacques 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) develop bone metastases (BM) and present with bone complications like fracture. Bone‐targeted agents that prevent metastasis‐induced bone complications can cause adverse events. Understanding how patients view treatment options may optimize care. This study aimed to quantify how PCa patients value a hypothetical treatment that delays BM but can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). The study also assessed the value patients place on avoiding metastasis‐induced bone complications versus increased survival.METHODSPCa patients from the United Kingdom (n = 201) and Sweden (n = 200) on androgen‐deprivation therapy or hormone therapy for ≥ 3 years completed a 10‐question discrete‐choice‐experiment survey examining whether patients would accept a BM‐delaying treatment. Two time‐tradeoff questions assessed patients' willingness to tradeoff between survival and bone complications. Percentages of patients choosing treatment were summarized by levels of treatment efficacy and ONJ risk. Odds ratios from a logit model were used to evaluate how patient and medication characteristics affected treatment choice. Proportions of patients choosing each tradeoff scenario were calculated.RESULTSA majority of patients accepted treatment at the lowest benefit level (5‐month BM delay) and highest risk level (9% ONJ risk). PCa symptoms and prior treatment affected patient preferences. Nearly 80% of patients would tradeoff at least 3 months of survival to avoid bone complications.CONCLUSIONSPCa patients in the UK and Sweden may value a medication that delays BM, despite the risk of ONJ. Furthermore, patients were willing to tradeoff up to 5 months of survival for prevention of bone complications. Prostate 74:1488–1497, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapidly evolving narcolepsy‐like syndrome coinciding with severe OSA following pharyngoplasty in Prader‐Willi syndrome
Authors: Blecher Gregory , Wainbergas Natalie , McGlynn Michael , Teng Arthur 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOur patient with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) not only displayed many typical syndromic features but also presented several unique challenges, with gross velopharyngeal insufficiency necessitating repair and severe obstructive sleep apnea developing thereafter, requiring ongoing non‐invasive ventilation. This coincided with development of a narcolepsy‐like syndrome, treated with dexamphetamine. Cataplexy, hypnogogic/hypnopompic hallucinations, sleep paralysis were absent and HLA‐DQB1*06:02 was negative. Growth hormone (GH) therapy was commenced at 8 months of age and, as recommended, regular polysomnograms were conducted. Adenotonsillar growth on GH therapy is reported as well as several reports of sudden death in PWS patients on GH. Despite GH, lifestyle measures with regular dietician review, and an exercise program, there was progressive excessive weight gain. Our patient also developed moderate tonsil hypertrophy. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of severe obstructive sleep apnea secondary to sphincter pharyngoplasty coinciding with rapidly evolving narcolepsy‐like syndrome.
Shell‐Programmed Au Nanoparticle Heterodimers with Customized Chiroptical Activity
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Xu Liguang , Ma Wei , Liu Liqiang , Wang Libing , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: August 2014

Chiral plasmonic assemblies with strong and tunable chiroptical activity are emerging materials yet challenging to fabricate. Moreover, shell‐programmed chiroptical regulation is really rare. Here, the chiroptical activity of core–shell (CS) nanoparticles (NPs) heterodimers (HDs) with different types and thicknesses of the shell but featuring the same gap was exploited. It was found that the type of shell guided the position of the chiral peaks, and the shell thickness tuned the intensity but also moderately affected the wavelength shift at invariable interparticle distance. Shell deposition intensified the hot‐spot chirality, and evidently guided the enantiomorphous chiral configuration, resulting in a startlingly intense, asymmetric, dipolar coupling strength. The magnitude of the chiroptical activity showed an 8–10 fold enhancement with a maximum anisotropy factor (g‐factor) of 1.5 × 10−2. Shell‐driven chiroptical regulation opens new avenues to feasibly fabricate chiroptically active materials with desired chiroptical response for the development of switchable recognition units for sensitive and various target detections.