bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of Interleukin 2‐Responsiveness in Thymocytes of the Transgenic Mice Carrying lck‐Transgene
Authors: Moroi Yoichi , Koga Yasuhiro , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Ohtsu Masumi , Kimura Genki , Nomoto Kikuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe role of lck gene in T cell proliferation and differentiation was investigated with transgenic mice carrying human lck cDNA whose expression was regulated by the promoter of mouse H‐2Kb and the enhancer element of mouse IgH. RNase protection assay revealed that the lck transgene was expressed in the thymus and spleen, whereas immunoblot analysis demonstrated that amounts of p56lck in freshly isolated lymphoid organs were almost equal between transgenic mice and negative littermates. Cell‐surface marker analyses of the thymocytes and peripheral lymphocytes revealed no remarkable difference between both groups. Notable finding is that the thymocytes from transgenic mice showed a significant proliferative response to the stimulation with IL‐2, but not the thymocytes from negative littermates. Further analysis revealed that CD4+8– single positive thymocytes proliferated in response to IL‐2. While surface expression levels of IL‐2Rα and IL‐2Rβ of these CD4+8– thymocytes from transgenic and control mice were almost equal before stimulation with IL‐2, the expression of IL‐2Rβ was induced only in transgenic thymocytes after stimulation with IL‐2. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the expression of p56lck of transgenic thymocytes was not down‐reguated at 4 hr after stimulaion with IL‐2, whereas p56lck of control ones were not detectable any more at 4 hr after stimulation with IL‐2. Moreover, in vitro kinase assay substantiated such unchanged expression of p56lck in the thymocytes from transgenic mice: the kinase activities of p56lck did not decrease in thymocytes from transgenic mice after stimulation with IL‐2, while kinase activities of control ones were significantly down‐regulated by stimulation of IL‐2. These results suggested that a significant proliferative response found in the thymocytes from lck‐transgenic mice after the stimulation with IL‐2 was caused by a constitutive expression of p56lck in these thymocytes even after the stimulation. Our findings, therefore, support a possibility that p56lck may play a role in the IL‐2R‐mediated signaling system in CD4+8– thymocytes.
Similarity in Nucleotide Sequence of the Gene Encoding Nontoxic Component of Botulinum Toxin Produced by Toxigenic Clostridium butyricum Strain BL6340 and Clostridium botulinum Type E Strain Mashike
Authors: Fujii Nobuhiro , Kimura Kouichi , Yokosawa Noriko , Oguma Keiji , Yashiki Teruo , Takeshi Kouichi , Ohyama Touru , Isogai Emiko , Isogai Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the nontoxic component of botulinum type E progenitor toxin is determined in recombinant plasmid pU9BUH containing about 6.0 kb HindIII fragment obtained from chromosomal DNA of Clostridium butyricum strain BL6340. The open reading frame (ORF) of this nontoxic component gene is composed of 3,486 nucleotide bases (1,162 amino acid residues). The molecular weight calculated from deduced amino acid residues is estimated 13,6810.1. The present study revealed that 33 nucleotide bases of 3,486 are different in the nontoxic component gene between C.butyricum strain BL6340 and C. botulinum type E strain Mashike. This corresponds to the difference of 17 amino acid residues in these nontoxic component.
Studies on Hemolytic Action of a Hemolysin Produced by Vibrio mimicus
Authors: Shinoda Sumio , Ishida Kazuhiko , Oh Eun‐Gyoung , Sasahara Kazuhiro , Miyoshi Shin‐Ichi , Chowdhury Mohammad Afzalur Rahim , Yasuda Tatsuji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSome properties and mechanism of action of a hemolysin (VMH) produced by an enteropathogenic Vibrio mimicus strain was examined. VMH was heat‐labile and inhibited by addition of divalent cations, including Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+. The hemolysis by VMH was inhibited by incubating with gangliosides, suggesting that the ganglioside was the binding site on the erythrocyte membrane for VMH. Existence of a galactose moiety on reducing end of the ganglioside molecule and a sialic acid on the galactose moiety was suggested to be important for the binding of VMH molecule. Colloid osmotic manner of the hemolysis by VMH was demonstrated.
Identification and Characterization of Heat‐Stable Enterotoxin II‐Producing Escherichia coli from Patients with Diarrhea
Authors: Okamoto Keinosuke , Fujii Yoshio , Akashi Noriko , Hitotsubashi Shunji , Kurazono Hisao , Karasawa Tadahiro , Takeda Yoshifumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStock strains of Eschericia coli isolated from patients with traveller's diarrhea were examined for production of heat‐stable enterotoxin II (STII). Of 400 strains examined, 3 were found to produce STII. The nucleotide sequence of the STII gene of these human strains was shown to be identical to that of porcine strains. Cultured cells of these strains induced fluid accumulation in ligated mouse intestinal loops and the activity was neutralized by anti‐STII antiserum. These results suggest that STII‐produciing enterotoxigenic E. coli can cause human diarrhea.
Establishment of a Feline T‐Lymphoblastoid Cell Line Susceptible to Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses
Authors: Fujimoto Satoshi , Masuda Mahito , Ono Etsuro , Kida Hiroshi , Shimizu Yukio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA feline T‐lymphoblastoid cell line susceptible to feline immunodeficiency viruses (FIV) was established and designated as Yu‐1 cells. Yu‐1 cells continued to grow over one year with more than 100 successive passages in the presence of human recombinant interleukin‐2. Surface antigens of Yu‐1 cells were feline Pan‐T+, CD4+, and CD8. Susceptibility of Yu‐1 cells to FIV strains were higher than that of the primary culture of the feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating that this cell line should be useful for isolation, propagation, and neutralization test of FIV.
Effect of Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin on Rat Isolated Aorta
Authors: Nagahama Masahiro , Iida Hiroshi , Sakurai Jun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin on rat isolated aorta was investigated. The toxin caused contraction of the isolated aorta in a dose‐dependent manner. The toxin induced no contraction of the isolated aorta in low‐Na medium and of the tissue stored at 4 C for 7 days. However, tetrodotoxin (TTX) had no effect on the toxin‐induced contraction. The toxin‐induced contraction was significantly inhibited by phentolamine and prazosine, but did not by atropine, mecamylamine, chlorpheniramine and methysergide. These data suggest that the toxin‐caused contraction is mediated through nervous system in rat isolated aorta.
The Nucleotide Sequence and Genome Structure of Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Geminivirus
Authors: Morinaga Tsutou , Ikegami Masato , Miura Kin‐Ichirou 
Published: November 2013

AbstractComplete nucleotide sequences of the infectious cloned DNA components (DNA 1 and DNA 2) of mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) were determined. MYMV DNA 1 and DNA 2 consists of 2,723 and 2,675 nucleotides respectively. DNA 1 and DNA 2 have little sequence similarity except for a region of approximately 200 bases which is almost identical in the two molecules. Analysis of open reading frames revealed nine potential coding regions for proteins of mol. wt. > 10,000, six in DNA 1 and three in DNA 2. The nucleotide sequence of MYMV DNA was compared with that of bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV), tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) and African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV). The 200‐base region common to the two DNAs of each virus had little sequence similarity, except for a highly conserved 33‐36 base sequence potentially capable of forming a stable hairpin structure. The potential coding regions in the MYMV DNAs had counterparts in the BGMV, TGMV and ACMV, suggesting an overall similarity in genome organization, except for absence of 1L3 in MYMV DNA 1. The most highly conserved ORFs, MYMV 1R1, BGMV 1R1, TGMV 1R1 and ACMV 1R1, are the putative genes for the coat proteins of MYMV, BGMV, TGMV and ACMV, respectively. MYMV 1L1 has also a high degree of sequence similarity with BGMV 1L1, TGMV 1L1 and ACMV 1L1.
Suppressive Activity of Splenic Macrophages Induced by Transparent and Opaque Colonial Variants of Mycobacterium avium Complex against Lymphoproliferative Response
Authors: Tomioka Haruaki , Saito Hajime 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSplenic macrophages (Møs) induced by the two colonial variants of Mycobacterium avium complex, SmT variant (smooth, transparent, flat) and SmD variant (smooth, opaque, dome‐shaped), were studied for their suppressive activity against mitogenic response of splenic T cells to concanavalin A (ConA). The SmT variant is much more virulent than the SmD variant and causes more severe infection in host mice. Moreover, suppressed state of ConA mitogenic response of host spleen cells persisted much longer in SmT‐infected mice than in SmD‐infected ones. However, the suppressive activity of SmT‐induced Møs, induced around 2 weeks after infection, against lymphoproliferative response was significantly weaker than SmD‐induced Møs. In contrast, the former Møs showed somewhat higher active oxygen‐producing ability than the latter, as based on the chemiluminescence. These findings indicate that the immunosuppressive Møs transiently induced in the early phase of M. intracellulare infection hardly affect the host resistance to the organisms and, thus, play relatively minor role in the progression of the infection.
Further Studies on Guinea Pig Z‐1 Antigen That Is Involved in Phagocytosis of Zymosan by Macrophages: Cell Type Distribution of the Antigen and Cross‐Reactivity of Anti‐Z‐1 with Human CR3
Authors: Tamoto Koichi , Nochi Hiromi , Tada Masahito , Kakinuma Toshihiko , Mori Yoki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe have previously identified a heterodimer molecule, Z‐1, on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages (Møs) by the newly prepared monoclonal antibody, anti‐Z‐1, and Z‐1 has been assumed to be the complement receptor type three (CR3) in this species. To clarify this assumption, the cell type distribution of the antigen in guinea pig and the cross‐reactivity of anti‐Z‐1 with other species were analyzed. It was demonstrated that Z‐1 was expressed on peritoneal Møs, pulmonary Møs, peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), peripheral neutrophils, and some subpopulations of spleen cells and of bone marrow cells, but not on erythrocytes, circulating lymphocytes, and lymphocytes in both spleen and bone marrow in detectable amounts. Thus the expression of Z‐1 seems to be restricted to phagocytes as is CR3 of other species. Furthermore, it was found that anti‐Z‐1 bound with peripheral neutrophils from human, horse and goat and HL‐60 cells differentiated into monocytes. Any cross‐reactivity of the antibody was not detected with neutrophils from rabbit, cow, sheep and dog and nondifferentiated HL‐60 cells. Human Z‐1 was indistinguishable from human CR3, since both were the heterodimer consisting of α chain of 170 kDa (pI = 6.6‐7.2) noncovalently associated with β chain of 100 kDa (pI = 5.6‐6.7). In addition, human CR3 in detergent‐lysate of neutrophils was completely adsorbed with anti‐Z‐1 F(ab')2‐Sepharose. These findings indicate that guinea pig Z‐1 shares an antigenic determinant with human CR3. It thus seems to be possible that Z‐1 may function as CR3 in guinea pigs.
Diversity in Molecular Mass of the Common EDTA‐Soluble Antigens of Clostridium chauvoei and Clostridium septicum
Authors: Hamaoka Takafumi , Terakado Nobuyuki , Nakamura Shinichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCommon EDTA‐soluble antigens of Clostridium chauvoei and C. septicum were examined by indirect‐immunofluorescence (IFA) and immunoblot analysis. The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the 35 kDa antigen of C. chauvoei strain ATCC 10092 were used. These mAbs reacted with all 11 strains, 6 of C. chauvoei and 5 of C. septicum, in IFA. In immunoblot analysis with the mAbs, the bands at molecular mass of 35 kDa were found in all C. chauvoei strains, while the bands at 36 kDa were found in 4 of 5 strains of C. septicum. These results indicate that the 35 kDa antigen of C. chauvoei and the 36 kDa antigen of C. septicum possess a similar epitope recognized by the mAb.
Degradation of a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Product by Heat‐Stable Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) Produced from Yersinia enterocolitica
Authors: Nakajima Hiroshi , Itoh Ken‐ichiro , Arakawa Eiji , Inoue Masanao , Mori Tadashige , Watanabe Haruo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhen crude deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) preparations by boiling were used for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from pathogenic and non‐pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains, the amplified products were degraded after their storage at 4 C. The degradation of products was prevented by the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) or treatment with proteinase K. These findings indicate that Y. enterocolitica produced heat‐stable deoxyribonuclease (DNase). Proteinase K treatment would be recommended to prevent heat‐stable DNase contamination in the DNA preparations for PCR from Y. enterocolitica strains.
Stimulation of the Synthesis of Histamine and Putrescine in Mice by a Peptidoglycan of Gram‐Positive Bacteria
Authors: Ando Takanobu , Endo Yasuo , Abe Masataka , Kumagai Katsuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo clarify the base of in vivo biological activities of peptidoglycans of Gram‐positive bacteria, the effects of a polysaccharide peptide of Staphylococcus epidermidis peptidoglycan (SEPS) on the synthesis of histamine and putrescine in BALB/c mice were examined and compared with those of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS or endotoxin) of Gram‐negative bacteria. Within a few hours after its injection into BALB/c mice, SEPS induced histidine decarboxylase (HDC), the enzyme forming histamine, in the liver, lung, spleen and bone marrow, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the enzyme forming putrescine, in the tissues except for the lung. SEPS induced HDC activity even in mast cell‐deficient mice and in nude mice. These effects of SEPS were essentially the same as those of LPS. However, the dosage of SEPS capable of inducing HDC and ODC was much higher (100 to 1,000 times) than that of LPS. We have reported that C3H/HeN mice are resistant to SEPS in producing acute arthritis, and their productions of IL‐1 and prostaglandin E2 are less than BALB/c mice sensitive to producing acute arthritis. In the present study, it was also found that C3H/HeN mice were markedly resistant to SEPS in inducing HDC activity.
Quantitative PCR for Detection of Femtogram Quantities of Interleukin‐8 mRNA Expression
Authors: Izutani Ryo , Ohyanagi Harumasa , MacDermott Richard P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for mRNA expression of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), a neutrophil chemotactant and activator, was developed to examine the expression of this cytokine by colonic mucosa. A synthetic IL‐8 RNA deleted in size of native IL‐8 mRNA was used as an external control. The synthetic IL‐8 RNA was mixed with total RNA from cells and converted to cDNA and amplified by PCR simultaneously. The lower limit of sensitivity for the assay was found to be more than 1 femtogram of IL‐8 mRNA. The assay determined IL‐8 mRNA expression when the RNA was isolated from either human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 cells or human colonic mucosa obtained from colitis patients and healthy controls. The development of the rapid and sensitive assay should provide a means to more fully evaluate the role of this cytokine in diverse disease states with small scale.
Comparison of Antibody Titers against Borrelial Strains Isolated in Japan by the Microcapsule Agglutination Test for Serological Studies of Early Lyme Disease
Authors: Arimitsu Yoshiko , Seki Masaaki , Nakao Minoru , Miyamoto Kenji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractResults of a passive microcapsule agglutination test using 2 Japanese strains, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii, were comparable to that of the passive microcapsule agglutination test using a Swiss strain Borrelia burgdorferi IRS in detecting antibodies of an early stage of Lyme disease patients in Japan. MCAT with microcapsule sensitized strain IRS seems likely to become one of the important tools for the early diagnosis of Lyme disease in the world. The highest titer of MCAT was detected in the serum samples of patients which were taken around 2 weeks after erythema chronicum migrans. The test is very simple and can be employed easily in diagnostic laboratories.
Successful Application of Enzyme‐Labeled Oligonucleotide Probe for Rapid and Accurate Cholera Diagnosis in a Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Miyagi Kazufumi , Matsumoto Yasukazu , Hayashi Kazu , Yoh Myonsun , Yamamoto Koichiro , Honda Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo cholera cases were diagnosed using an enzyme‐labeled oligonucleotide probe (ELONP) hybridization test for detection of cholera toxin gene (ctx) in a clinical laboratory at Osaka Airport Quarantine Station. The ELONP test with suspicious colonies of Vibrio cholerae O1 grown on TCBS or Vibrio agar plates gave positive result for ctx within 3 hr. We also tried to apply the ELONP test for direct detection of ctx in their stool and their non‐selective culture. Specimens from Case #1, which contained 5.9 × 105 CFU/g of V. cholerae O1 in the stool, cultured for 7–8 hr or longer in alkaline peptone water or Marine broth at 37C, became positive for ctx. On the other hand, specimens from Case #2, which contained 8.7 × 108 CFU/ml (of V. cholerae O1 in the stool), gave positive result in this stool itself without any further culture. These data suggest that the ELONP test provides successfully a more rapid and accurate means of identifying “toxigenic” V. cholerae O1 in a clinical laboratory.
Gene Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factorα and Interferonγ in the Lungs of Mycoplasma pulmonis‐Infected Mice
Authors: Nishimoto Mitsunobu , Akashi Akira , Kuwano Koichi , Tseng Cheng‐chuang , Ohizumi Kotaro , Arai Sumio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractICR mice were infected intranasally with Mycoplasma pulmonis isolated freshly from the lungs of a rat with pneumonia. We demonstrated with high reproducibility the expressions of messenger RNAs of cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) in the lung tissue of M. pulmonis‐infected mice by the reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and confirmed specific mRNA of the cytokines by restriction endonuclease digestion. Both the viable population of M. pulmonis in the lung tissue and the titers of the neutralizing antibody in the serum increased between 7 and 21 days, and reached their maximum 35 days after infection. The pneumonia in mice progresses with the development of lung lesions after 7 days of infection. The early lesions are characterized primarily by neutrophils and edema in the alveolar spaces. mRNAs prepared from the lung tissue of M. pulmonis‐infected and ‐uninfected mice were also tested for the presence of messages specific to TNFα and IFNγ by the reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. The expression of the genes encoding TNFα and IFNγ was constitutively demonstrated from 24 hr through 35 days after the intranasal inoculation of M. pulmonis. Furthermore, cells of two types, adherent and nonadherent cells, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids obtained from the mice 3 weeks after inoculation of M. pulmonis were also found to express the genes of TNFα and IFNγ respectively. These data suggest that these cytokines would play a role in both stimulation in the development of pathological changes in mycoplasmal infection, affecting the inflammatory responses.
Immunological Recognition of Fibronectin‐Binding Proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus capitis, Strain LK499
Authors: Sakata Noriaki , Rozalska Barbara , Wadström Torkel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAntibodies to fibronectin‐binding proteins (FnBPs) of Staphylococcus aureus, including binding domain of FnBPA, the D region, or the A‐C regions of FnBPB were produced in rabbits and mice. These antibodies were used to characterize cell‐associated FnBPs of S. aureus strain Cowan I, S. aureus strain U320 and a coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus capitis strain LK499 as well as extracellular FnBPs in culture supernatants of the strain U320. FnBPs of S. aureus were predominantly FnBPA, while FnBPB was hardly detected on the cells or in culture supernatant of these S. aureus strains. Moreover, S. capitis strain LK499 possessed different FnBP(s) compared to S. aureus because the antibodies to S. aureus FnBPs did not recognize FnBP(s) on S. capitis.
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies for Identification of Borrelia japonica, Isolates from Ixodes ovatus
Authors: Masuzawa Toshiyuki , Kawabata Hiroki , Beppu Yoshihito , Miyamoto Kenji , Nakao Minoru , Sato Nanao , Muramatsu Koichi , Sato Nobutake , Johnson Russell C. , Yanagihara Yasutake 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies for identification of Borrelia japonica isolated from tick, Ixodes ovatus and long‐tailed shrew, Sorex unguiculatus in Japan and Borrelia related to Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) were prepared and characterized. All isolates belonging to B. japonica and isolates from I. dentatus and cottontail rabbit in North America reacted with MAb O1441b against flagellin which was prepared from immunized mice with strain HO14, type strain of B. japonica, but isolates from I. persulcatus, patient, and wood mouse, Apodemus speciosus ainu, in Japan, and isolates belonging to B. burgdorferi, B. garinii and B. afzelii from North America and Europe did not. Strains used in this study reacted with MAb P62 against common antigen which was prepared from immunized mice with strain NT24 isolated from I. persulcatus in Japan, but B. japonica did not. These MAbs are useful for identification and differentiation of B. japonica and B. burgdorferi sensu lato in Japan.
Biological Activities of Lipopolysaccharide Isolated from Vibrio cholerae O139, a New Epidemic Strain for Recent Cholera in Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Shimizu Tadayori , Yanagihara Yasutake , Isshiki Yasunori , Kawamata Yasuhisa , Kondo Seiichi , Hisatsune Kazuhito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBiological activities of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Vibrio cholerae O139, a new causative agent for recent cholera epidemic in Indian subcontinent, were investigated in comparison with those of LPS from O1 V. cholerae. V. cholerae O139 LPS exerted mitogenic activity, lethal toxicity and Shwartzman reaction to the same extent as those observed for O1 V. cholerae LPS, although these activities except for lethal toxicity were obviously lower than those of Salmonella typhimurium LT‐2 LPS used as a reference. It was, therefore, suggested that O139 LPS does not contribute to the high infective and pathogenic potentials of the V. cholerae O139 strain as in the case of O1 V. cholerae.