bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh PEMFC Performance of a Thin‐Film, Dual‐electrode Assembly with Tailored Electrode Morphology
Authors: Jung Chi‐Young , Kim Tae‐Hyun , Yi Sung‐Chul 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA dual‐electrode membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells with enhanced polarization under zero relative humidity (RH) is fabricated by introducing a phase‐separated morphology in an agglomerated catalyst layer of Pt/C (platinum on carbon black) and Nafion. In the catalyst layer, a sufficient level of phase separation is achieved by dispersing the Pt catalyst and the Nafion dispersion in a mixed‐solvent system (propane‐1,2,3‐triol/1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone).The high polymer chain mobility results in improved water uptake and regular pore‐size distribution with small pore diameters. The electrochemical performance of the dual‐film electrode assembly with different levels of phase separation is compared to conventional electrode assemblies. As a result, good performance at 0 % RH is obtained because self‐humidification is dramatically improved by attaching this dense and phase‐separated catalytic overlayer onto the conventional catalyst layer. A MEA prepared using the thin‐film, dual‐layered electrode exhibits 39‐fold increased RH stability and 28‐fold improved start‐up recovery time during the on–off operation relative to the conventional device. We demonstrate the successful operation of the dual‐layered electrode comprised of discriminatively phase‐separated agglomerates with an ultrahigh zero RH fuel‐cell performance reaching over 95 % performance of a fully humidified MEA.
Improved quantitative analysis of primary bone marrow megakaryocytes utilizing imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Niswander Lisa M. , McGrath Kathleen E. , Kennedy John C. , Palis James 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLife‐threatening thrombocytopenia can develop following bone marrow injury due to decreased platelet production from megakaryocytes (MKs). However, the study of primary MKs has been complicated by their low frequency in the bone marrow and by technical challenges presented by their unique maturation properties. More accurate and efficient methods for the analysis of in vivo MKs are needed to enhance our understanding of megakaryopoiesis and ultimately develop new therapeutic strategies for thrombocytopenia. Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) combines the morphometric capabilities of microscopy with the high‐throughput analyses of flow cytometry (FC). Here, we investigate the application of IFC on the ImageStreamX platform to the analysis of primary MKs isolated from murine bone marrow. Our data highlight and address technical challenges for conventional FC posed by the wide range of cellular size within the MK lineage as well as the shared surface phenotype with abundant platelet progeny. We further demonstrate that IFC can be used to reproducibly and efficiently quantify the frequency of primary murine MKs in the marrow, both at steady‐state and in the setting of radiation‐induced bone marrow injury, as well as assess their ploidy distribution. The ability to accurately analyze the full spectrum of maturing MKs in the bone marrow now allows for many possible applications of IFC to enhance our understanding of megakaryopoiesis and platelet production. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
An efficient authentication system of smart device using multi factors in mobile cloud service architecture
Authors: Jeong Young‐Sik , Park Ji Soo , Park Jong Hyuk 
Published: January 2014

SummaryMobile cloud computing environments have overcome the performance limitation of mobile devices and provide use environments not restricted by places. However, user information protection mechanisms are required because of both the security vulnerability of mobile devices and the security vulnerability of cloud computing. In this paper, a multifactor mobile device authentication system is proposed to provide safety, efficiency, and user convenience for mobile device use in cloud service architectures. This system improves security by reinforcing the user authentication required before using cloud computing services. Furthermore, to reinforce user convenience, the system proposed increases the strength of authentication keys by establishing multiple factors for authentication. For efficient entries in mobile device use environments, this system combines mobile device identification number entries, basic ID/password type authentication methods, and the authentication of diverse user bio‐information. This system also enhances authentication efficiency by processing the authentication factors of a user's authentication attempt in a lump instead of one by one in the cloud computing service environment. These authentication factors can be continuously added, and this authentication system provides authentication efficiency even when authentication factors are added. The main contribution is to improve high security level by through authentication of mobile devices with multifactors simultaneously and to use the mobile cloud service architecture for its efficient processing with respect to execution time of it. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early experience and multisensory perceptual narrowing
Authors: Lewkowicz David J. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTPerceptual narrowing reflects the effects of early experience and contributes in key ways to perceptual and cognitive development. Previous studies have found that unisensory perceptual sensitivity in young infants is broadly tuned such that they can discriminate native as well as non‐native sensory inputs but that it is more narrowly tuned in older infants such that they only respond to native inputs. Recently, my coworkers and I discovered that multisensory perceptual sensitivity narrows as well. The present article reviews this new evidence in the general context of multisensory perceptual development and the effects of early experience. Together, the evidence on unisensory and multisensory narrowing shows that early experience shapes the emergence of perceptual specialization and expertise. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 292–315, 2014.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon body residues and lysosomal membrane destabilization in mussels exposed to the Dubai Star bunker fuel oil (intermediate fuel oil 380) spill in San Francisco Bay
Authors: Hwang Hyun-Min , Stanton Beckye , McBride Toby , Anderson Michael J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Following the spill of bunker fuel oil (intermediate fuel oil 380, approximately 1500–3000 L) into San Francisco Bay in October 2009, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in mussels from moderately oiled areas increased up to 87 554 ng/g (dry wt) and, 3 mo later, decreased to concentrations found in mussels collected prior to oiling, with a biological half-life of approximately 16 d. Lysosomal membrane destabilization increased in mussels with higher PAH body burdens. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1117–1121. © 2014 SETAC
The effects of discharge and slope on hyporheic flow in step‐pool morphologies
Authors: Hassan Marwan A. , Tonina Daniele , Beckie Roger D. , Kinnear Matthew 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper focuses on surface–subsurface water exchange in a steep coarse‐bedded stream with a step‐pool morphology. We use both flume experiments and numerical modelling to investigate the influence of stream discharge, channel slope and sediment hydraulic conductivity on hyporheic exchange. The model step‐pool reach, whose topography is scaled from a natural river, consists of three step‐pool units with 0.1‐m step heights, discharges ranging between base and over‐bankfull flows (scaled values of 0.3–4.5 l/s) and slopes of 4% and 8%. Results indicate that the deepest hyporheic flow occurs with the steeper slope and at moderate discharges and that downwelling fluxes at the base of steps are highest at the largest stream discharges. In contrast to findings in a pool‐riffle morphology, those in this study show that steep slopes cause deeper surface–subsurface exchanges than gentle slopes. Numerical simulation results show that the portion of the hyporheic zone influenced by surface water temperature increases with sediment hydraulic conductivity. These experiments and numerical simulations emphasize the importance of topography, sediment permeability and roughness elements along the channel surface in governing the locations and magnitude of downwelling fluxes and hyporheic exchange. Our results show that hyporheic zones in these steep streams are thicker than previously expected by extending the results from streams with pool‐riffle bed forms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk mitigation measures for diffuse pesticide entry into aquatic ecosystems: Proposal of a guide to identify appropriate measures on a catchment scale
Authors: Bereswill Renja , Streloke Martin , Schulz Ralf 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Measures to mitigate the risk of pesticide entry into aquatic ecosystems are becoming increasingly more important in the management of hot spots of pesticide transfer; such management, for example, is required by the European Union's directive for the sustainable use of pesticides (2009/128/EC). Measures beyond those currently stipulated for pesticide product authorization may be needed. A concise compilation of the appropriate measures for users (that are primarily farmers but also, e.g., regulators and farm extension services) and a guide for practically identifying these measures at the catchment scale is currently not available. Therefore, a proposal was developed for a guide focusing on the most important diffuse entry pathways (spray drift and runoff). Based on a survey of exposure-relevant landscape parameters (i.e., the riparian buffer strip width, riparian vegetation type, density of ground vegetation cover, coverage of the water body with aquatic macrophytes, field slope, and existence of concentrated flow paths), a set of risk mitigation measures focusing on the specific situation of pollution of a water body catchment can be identified. The user can then choose risk mitigation measures to implement, assisted by evaluations of their efficiency in reducing pesticide entry, feasibility, and expected acceptability to farmers. Currently, 12 landscape-related measures and 6 application-related measures are included. The present guide presents a step toward the practical implementation of risk mitigation measures for reducing pesticide entry in aquatic ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:286–298. © 2013 SETAC
Key Points
A method for identifying measures to reduce pesticide entries into aquatic ecosystems via spray drift and runoff is presented: Based on a survey of exposure-relevant landscape parameters, a set of risk mitigation measures focusing on the specific situation of pollution of a water body catchment can be identified. An overview of the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of risk mitigation measures included in the guide (in total 18) is presented. The present guide presents a step toward the practical implementation of risk mitigation measures for reducing pesticide entry in aquatic ecosystems.
How MDMA's Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics Drive Desired Effects and Harms
Authors: Michael White C. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an agent of abuse that has been used by over 16 million Americans. Increased energy, elevated mood, bonding with others, and psychedelic effects are desired effects while liver damage, extended depressed mood, sexual assault, rhabdomyolysis, serotonin syndrome, multiorgan failure, cardiovascular events, arrhythmias, and death are possible adverse effects. These desirable and adverse effects of MDMA are extensions of its fascinating pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic profile. In addition to methamphatemine like effects, MDMA also has mescaline like effects and increases the release of cortisol, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone. The desirable effects of MDMA are accentuated by the rave or electronic dance music scene where warm temperatures, vigorous dancing, loud music, and light shows accentuate some of the responses. However, the same environment increases the risk of certain harms. Knowledge of the constellation of these factors is needed for education, prevention of harm, and treatment.
From Heterocoagulation to Biorecognition: Preparation of Surfaces for Direct Measurement of Their Interactions in a Surface Force Apparatus
Authors: Kékicheff Patrick 
Published: January 2014

SummaryDue to the atomic resolution in surface separation accessible the Surface Force Apparatus technique provides an avenue for investigating the interactions in real systems, provided the model surfaces chosen for study have both equivalent intricate surface chemistry and structural properties. To overcome the difficulty of surface‐altering treatments when preparing suitable surfaces for the SFA and to realize interfaces fully representative of real systems immersed in solvents we have developed different experimental procedures. In particular, adsorption of nanoparticles from bulk colloidal dispersions, controlled solvent flow for coating substrates with polyelectrolytes multilayers, Langmuir Blodgett deposition of phospholipids membranes inserting ligands/receptors, all illustrate how one can get insights into subtle phenomena revealed by the force‐distance profiles when the true colloidal state is maintained, biomaterials are built and molecular recognition is involved.
Fluorescent Detection of a Partially Unfolded Conformation of Beta‐Lactoglobulin Using Squaraine Dyes
Authors: Kovalska V.B. , Losytskyy M.Yu. , Reis L.V. , Santos P.F. , Yarmoluk S.M. 
Published: January 2014

SummarySix benzothiazole squaraine dyes were studied as fluorescent probes for detection of thermally‐induced conformation changes of amyloidogenic protein beta‐lactoglobulin (BLG). Majority of dyes have shown a strong fluorescent response when complexed with native protein, and at temperature of protein transition to “molten globule” state (65°C) an additional increase of dyes – BLG complex emission intensity up to 4.8 times was observed. The study of step‐by‐step BLG unfolding shows that dyes maximum fluorescence intensity was reached at temperatures around 55–59°C, which can be associated with the affinity of the dyes to tightly packed protein R‐state. Squaraine dye P‐15 containing diethylamino substituent in squaric core and a short N‐ethyl pendent groups displayed the highest sensitivity to temperature induced conformational changes of BLG. This dye is proposed for studies as fluorescent probe for structural changes of globular proteins.
Changes in the Area per Lipid Molecule by P–V–T and SANS Investigations
Authors: Soloviov Dmitry , Zabashta Yuriy , Bulavin Leonid , Olexandr Ivankov , Gordeliy Valentin , Kuklin Alexander 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThis paper describes the study of lipid DPPC, carried out on setup for simultaneous investigations by P–V–T and SANS methods. The data allowed us to calculate in area per lipid molecule changes during the lipid phase transition from ripple phase to liquid‐crystalline phase.
Crystalline Nanoporous Materials Based on Poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene)oxide
Authors: Daniel Christophe , Longo Simona , Galizia Michele 
Published: January 2014

SummaryDifferent types of crystalline nanoporous materials (powders, films, aerogels) based on poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene)oxide can be easily obtained depending on the preparation procedures. The nanoporous nature of the crystalline phase confers to these materials peculiar transport properties which make them particularly interesting for a potential use as a sorption medium to remove traces of pollutants from water and air or for membrane based gas separation processes. Different aspects relative to the structure and the transport properties of these new polymeric materials are described.
Cerebrospinal fluid lysosomal enzymes and alpha‐synuclein in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Parnetti Lucilla , Chiasserini Davide , Persichetti Emanuele , Eusebi Paolo , Varghese Shiji , Qureshi Mohammad M. , Dardis Andrea , Deganuto Marta , De Carlo Claudia , Castrioto Anna , Balducci Chiara , Paciotti Silvia , Tambasco Nicola , Bembi Bruno , Bonanni Laura , Onofrj Marco , Rossi Aroldo , Beccari Tommaso , El‐Agnaf Omar , Calabresi Paolo 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTTo assess the discriminating power of multiple cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD), we measured several proteins playing an important role in the disease pathogenesis. The activities of β‐glucocerebrosidase and other lysosomal enzymes, together with total and oligomeric α‐synuclein, and total and phosphorylated tau, were thus assessed in CSF of 71 PD patients and compared to 45 neurological controls. Activities of β‐glucocerebrosidase, β‐mannosidase, β‐hexosaminidase, and β‐galactosidase were measured with established enzymatic assays, while α‐synuclein and tau biomarkers were evaluated with immunoassays. A subset of PD patients (n = 44) was also screened for mutations in the β‐glucocerebrosidase‐encoding gene (GBA1). In the PD group, β‐glucocerebrosidase activity was reduced (P < 0.05) and patients at earlier stages showed lower enzymatic activity (P < 0.05); conversely, β‐hexosaminidase activity was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Eight PD patients (18%) presented GBA1 sequence variations; 3 of them were heterozygous for the N370S mutation. Levels of total α‐synuclein were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in PD, in contrast to increased levels of α‐synuclein oligomers, with a higher oligomeric/total α‐synuclein ratio in PD patients when compared with controls (P < 0.001). A combination of β‐glucocerebrosidase activity, oligomeric/total α‐synuclein ratio, and age gave the best performance in discriminating PD from neurological controls (sensitivity 82%; specificity 71%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.87). These results demonstrate the possibility of detecting lysosomal dysfunction in CSF and further support the need to combine different biomarkers for improving the diagnostic accuracy of PD. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
High‐resolution quantitative sodium imaging at 9.4 tesla
Authors: Mirkes Christian C. , Hoffmann Jens , Shajan G. , Pohmann Rolf , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: January 2014

PurposeInvestigation of the feasibility to perform high‐resolution quantitative sodium imaging at 9.4 Tesla (T).MethodsA proton patch antenna was combined with a sodium birdcage coil to provide a proton signal without compromising the efficiency of the X‐nucleus coil. Sodium density weighted images with a nominal resolution of 1 × 1 × 5 mm3 were acquired within 30 min with an ultrashort echo time sequence. The methods used for signal calibration as well as for B0, B1, and off‐resonance correction were verified on a phantom and five healthy volunteers.ResultsAn actual voxel volume of roughly 40 μL could be achieved at 9.4T, while maintaining an acceptable signal‐to‐noise ratio (8 for brain tissue and 35 for cerebrospinal fluid). The measured mean sodium concentrations for gray and white matter were 36 ± 2 and 31 ± 1 mmol/L of wet tissue, which are comparable to values previously reported in the literature.ConclusionThe reduction of partial volume effects is essential for accurate measurement of the sodium concentration in the human brain. Ultrahigh field imaging is a viable tool to achieve this goal due to its increased sensitivity. Magn Reson Med 73:342–351, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding the beneficial effects of doxycycline on the dystrophic phenotype of the mdx mouse
Authors: Pereira Juliano Alves , Matsumura Cintia Yuri , Minatel Elaine , Marques Maria Julia , Santo Neto Humberto 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to better understand the beneficial effects of doxycycline on the dystrophic muscles of the mdx mouse. Methods: Doxycycline (DOX) was administered for 36 days, starting on postnatal day 0, via drinking water. Untreated mdx mice received plain water for the same period and served as a control group. Results: DOX decreased the levels of metalloproteinase‐9 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha in the biceps brachii and diaphragm of the mdx mice. It also reduced the total amount of calcium in the muscles studied, concomitant with an increase in the levels of calsequestrin 1. Conclusions: The results show that DOX can affect factors that are important in dystrophic pathogenesis and highlight its potential as a readily accessible therapy in clinical trials for treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve 50:283–286, 2014
A physical perspective of the element‐based finite volume method and FEM‐Galerkin methods within the framework of the space of finite elements
Authors: Filippini G. , Maliska C. R. , Vaz M. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe literature shows an increasing number of works focused on investigating the behaviour of methods that uses concepts of control volumes in the solution of structural problems. In recent years, new approaches using unstructured meshes have been proposed, most of which addressing new applications and, to a lesser extent, the underling physical perspective. This paper presents a unified approach to the element‐based finite volume method and FEM‐Galerkin within the framework of the finite element space. Numerical examples highlight some accuracy issues associated with the element‐based finite volume method developed in this work. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality disorder prevalence in psychiatric outpatients: A systematic literature review
Authors: Beckwith Helen , Moran Paul F. , Reilly Joe 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionA systematic literature review of studies measuring the prevalence of personality disorder in community secondary care is needed to identify both the met and unmet needs and plan services accordingly.MethodsPsycINFO, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched using NHS Evidence. Only studies assessing overall personality disorder prevalence within help‐seeking, outpatient populations were included. Papers were excluded for focusing solely on the prevalence of specific personality disorders or comorbid prevalence within specific populations.ResultsA total of 269 papers were identified. Nine papers met criteria and were critically appraised, showing a high level of heterogeneity with regards to methods, inclusion criteria, source of information, time of assessment, instruments used and overall quality of research. Prevalence estimates in Europe varied between 40% and 92%, were more consistently approximated between 45% and 51% in the USA and differed significantly in the two Asian studies: 1.07% (India) and 60% (Pakistan).ConclusionsThe prevalence of personality disorder in community mental health care appears to be substantial, but better estimates will only emerge from high quality studies with greater consistency of method. Implementing screening tools within outpatient or community services may result in high rates of personality disorder identification, with both clinical and service implications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.