bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carboniferous conodont biostratigraphy of the Dianzishang section, Zhenning, Guizhou, South China
Authors: QI YUPING , HU KEYI , WANG QIULAI , LIN WEI 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA preliminary summary of the lower Visean to uppermost Moscovian (Carboniferous) conodont succession and biostratigraphy of the Dianzishang section in Zhenning, Guizhou, South China is presented. Eleven conodont zones, in ascending order, can be recognized:Gnathodus praebilineatus,Gnathodus bilineatus,Lochriea ziegleri,Declinognathodus noduliferus,Neognathodus symmetricus, ‘Streptognathodus’expansus(primitive form), ‘Streptognathodus’expansus,Mesogondolella donbassica – Mesogondolella clarki,Idiognathodus podolskensis,Swadelinafauna andIdiognathodus swadeizones. The first occurrences ofLochriea ziegleriat the base of the Serpukhovian Stage,Declinognathodus noduliferus noduliferusat the base of the Bashkirian Stage and ‘Streptognathodus’expansusat the base of the Moscovian Stage are recognized. The definitions of these stage boundaries, as well as that of the base of the Kasimovian Stage are discussed. Correlations with the Naqing section in South China, Russian and North American sections, as well as other important sections in the world, are considered.
Domiciling the evangelists in Anglo-Saxon England: a fresh reading of Aldred's colophon in the ‘Lindisfarne Gospels’
Authors: Newton Francis L. , Newton Francis L. , Scheirer Christopher R. J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Codex ‘Lindisfarnensis’ (London, British Library, Cotton Nero D. iv, early eighth century) was glossed in Old English by the tenth-century priest Aldred. Aldred's colophon purports to give information about the eighth-century makers of the manuscript, at Lindisfarne. What is actually reliable about this highly literary colophon is Aldred's purpose in writing the gloss: to give the Evangelists a voice to address ‘all the brothers’ – particularly the Latinless. We propose new interpretations of three OE words (gihamadi, inlad, ora) misunderstood before. Aldred was learned; his sources extend from Ovid through the Fathers to contemporary texts.
Record of the fifteenth conference of the International Society of Anglo-Saxonists, at the University of Wisconsin–Madison (Madison, Wisconsin), 1–5 August 2011
Authors: Crick Julia 
Published: July 2013

I The general theme of the conference was ‘Anglo-Saxon England and the Visual Imagination’.Three keynote addresses were delivered.Michelle P. Brown, University of London, ‘Imagining the Exotic: Insular Attitudes to the Cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean and Near East’.Anna Gannon, University of Cambridge, ‘A Debt and an Honour: New Approaches to Coin Studies’.Leslie Webster, British Museum, ‘Image, Identity, and the Staff ordshire Hoard’.The following thirty-seven papers were delivered.
Penance, submission and deditio: religious influences on dispute settlement in later Anglo-Saxon England (871–1066)
Authors: Roach Levi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractStarting with evidence from law-codes, this article traces how penance was increasingly integrated into later Anglo-Saxon legal culture, arguing that this process opened the way for ritualized acts of satisfaction to become a regular feature of contemporary dispute settlement. The rituals used in such contexts often borrowed symbols and concepts from the world of penance, with the central idea being that an offender who repented and humbled himself was worthy of pardon. A few detailed accounts of such settlements survive and to these we may add cases of restitution and political reconciliation, which witness a similar logic. Taken together, these suggest that the stark contrasts often drawn between English and continental (particularly German) disputing in these years are in need of some revision. Far from being ‘fiercely punitive’, later Anglo-Saxon justice was characterized by a complex mix of formalized punishments and more informal means of settlement, not unlike what is visible in the Ottonian Reich.
Neural Correlates of Cognitive Fatigue: Cortico-Striatal Circuitry and Effort–Reward Imbalance
Authors: Dobryakova Ekaterina , DeLuca John , Genova Helen M. , Wylie Glenn R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRecently, there has been renewed interest in the study of cognitive fatigue. It is known that fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms in numerous neurological populations, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury. Behavioral studies of cognitive fatigue are hampered by lack of correlation of self-report measures with objective performance. Neuroimaging studies provide new insight about cognitive fatigue and its neural correlates. Impairment within the cortico-striatal network, involved in effort–reward calculation, has been suggested to be critically related to fatigue. The current review surveys the recent neuroimaging literature, and suggests promising avenues for future research. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–5)
Preschool Teachers' Perception and Use of Hearing Assistive Technology in Educational Settings
Authors: Nelson Lauri H. , Poole Bridget , Muñoz Karen 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
This study explored how often sound-field amplification and personal frequency-modulated (FM) systems are used in preschool classrooms, teacher perceptions of advantages and disadvantages of using hearing assistive technology, and teacher recommendations for hearing assistive technology use.

Method
The study used a cross-sectional survey design. Participants were professionals who provided services to preschool-age children who are deaf or hard of hearing in public or private schools. A total of 306 surveys were sent to 162 deaf education programs throughout the United States; 99 surveys were returned (32%). Simple statistics were used to describe the quantitative survey results; content analysis was completed on open-ended survey comments.

Results
Surveys were received from teachers working at listening and spoken language preschool programs (65%) and at bilingual–bicultural and total communication preschool programs (35%). Most respondents perceived that hearing assistive technology improved students' academic performance, speech and language development, behavior, and attention in the classroom. The majority of respondents also reported that they definitely would or probably would recommend a sound-field system (77%) or personal FM system (71%) to other educators.

Conclusion
Hearing assistive technology is frequently used in preschool classrooms of children who are deaf or hard of hearing, with generally positive teacher perceptions of the benefits of using such technology.
Acoustic Predictors of Intelligibility for Segmentally Interrupted Speech: Temporal Envelope, Voicing, and Duration
Authors: Fogerty Daniel 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
Temporal interruption limits the perception of speech to isolated temporal glimpses. An analysis was conducted to determine the acoustic parameter that best predicts speech recognition from temporal fragments that preserve different types of speech information—namely, consonants and vowels.

Method
Young listeners with normal hearing previously completed word and sentence recognition tasks that required them to repeat word and sentence material that was temporally interrupted. Interruptions were designed to replace various portions of consonants or vowels with low-level noise. Acoustic analysis of preserved consonant and vowel segments was conducted to investigate the role of the preserved temporal envelope, voicing, and speech duration in predicting performance.

Results
Results demonstrate that the temporal envelope, predominantly from vowels, is most important for sentence recognition and largely predicts results across consonant and vowel conditions. In contrast, for isolated words the proportion of speech preserved was the best predictor of performance regardless of whether glimpses were from consonants or vowels.

Conclusion
These findings suggest consideration of the vowel temporal envelope in speech transmission and amplification technologies for improving the intelligibility of temporally interrupted sentences.
Efficient and stable laser-driven white lighting
Authors: Denault Kristin A. , Cantore Michael , Nakamura Shuji , DenBaars Steven P. , Seshadri Ram 
Published: July 2013

Laser-based white lighting offers a viable option as an efficient and color-stable high-power solid-state white light source. We show that white light generation is possible using blue or near-UV laser diodes in combination with yellow-emitting cerium-substituted yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce) or a mixture of red-, green-, and blue-emitting phosphors. A variety of correlated color temperatures (CCT) are achieved, ranging from cool white light with a CCT of 4400 K using a blue laser diode to a warm white light with a CCT of 2700 K using a near-UV laser diode, with respective color rendering indices of 57 and 95. The luminous flux of these devices are measured to be 252 lm and 53 lm with luminous efficacies of 76 lm/W and 19 lm/W, respectively. An estimation of the maximum efficacy of a device comprising a blue laser diode in combination with YAG:Ce is calculated and the results are used to optimize the device.
n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic heart failure: the GISSI‐HF trial
Authors: Aleksova Aneta , Masson Serge , Maggioni Aldo P. , Lucci Donata , Fabbri Gianna , Beretta Luciano , Mos Lucio , Paino Anna Maria , Nicolosi Gian Luigi , Marchioli Roberto , Tognoni Gianni , Tavazzi Luigi , Sinagra Gianfranco , Latini Roberto ,   on behalf of the GISSI‐Heart Failure (GISSI‐HF) Investigators
Published: July 2013

AimsIn the last few years, n‐3 polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs) have been extensively studied for the prevention of AF, mostly in patients without heart failure (HF) or LV dysfunction. This post‐hoc analysis of the GISSI‐HF trial assessed the effect of n‐3 PUFAs on AF in patients with chronic HF without AF at study entry over a median follow‐up of 3.9 years.Methods and resultsIn the GISSI‐HF trial, 6975 patients with chronic HF were randomized to 1 g daily of n‐3 PUFAs or placebo on top of recommended therapy for HF. Of these, 1140 (16.3%) had AF at baseline ECG and were excluded from the present analysis. AF during the trial was defined as the presence of AF on the ECGs done at each visit during the trial or AF as a cause of worsening HF or hospital admission or as an event during hospitalization. Dietary fish consumption and the circulating levels of n‐3 PUFAs (the latter in a subset of 1203 patients) were also available. Among the 5835 patients without AF at study entry, 444 randomized to n‐3 PUFAs (15.2%) and 408 to placebo (14.0%) developed AF (unadjusted hazard 1.10, P = 0.19). Lower circulating n‐3 PUFA levels were independently associated with higher AF prevalence at study entry, but not with its new occurrence.ConclusionsDespite an inverse relationship between plasma n‐3 PUFA levels and prevalent AF, this study found no evidence that 1 g daily n‐3 PUFA supplementation in patients with chronic HF reduces incident AF.
First Report of Soybean vein necrosis virus in Soybean Fields of Oklahoma
Authors: Ali A. , Abdalla O. A. 
Published: July 2013

Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV) causes a new emerging disease of soybean that has been recorded in more than 10 states (1,2,3,4) of the United States, but so far no information is available about its presence in soybean crops of Oklahoma. Surveys of commercial soybean fields were conducted for soybean viruses during summer of 2012. A total of 327 samples were randomly collected from soybean fields in 11 counties. Symptoms typical of SVNV infections including leaf chlorosis and leaf-vein necrosis were observed on some soybean plants in the field (4). All soybean leaf samples were tested against SVNV polyclonal antisera obtained from AC Diagnostics, Inc. (Fayetteville, AR) by dot-immunobinding assay (DIBA) (1). Fifty-three samples reacted positively with SVNV antisera. Total RNA was extracted from three DIBA-positive samples collected from soybean plants in Choctaw County and tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using SVNV-specific primers (forward primer 5′-ATGTTCTCTCTATAATAGCCA and reverse primer 5′-ACCCATAACAATTGATCAAGA-3′) that were designed from the available sequence in the GenBank (Accession No. GU722317.1) to amplify a fragment from RNA1. A band of the expected size of 344 bp was observed on a 1% agarose gel in all three samples. The PCR products were purified using QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA), cloned (pGEM-T Easy Vector, Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced in both directions. The consensus sequence of the 344-bp fragment was 99% identical with the corresponding region of RNA 1 of SVNV isolate ‘Milan_TN’ (Accession No. GU722317.1). These results confirmed the presence of SVNV in soybean fields, which are mostly located in Criage, Choctaw, Hughes, LeFlore, Mayes, Muskogee, McCurtain, Okmulgee, Ottawa, Rogers, and Sequoyah counties of Oklahoma. None of the samples collected from north central or western parts of the state were positive against SVNV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SVNV in soybean crops in Oklahoma. Soybean is one of the major oil seed crops cultivated on approximately 200,000 hectares annually in Oklahoma and the presence of SVNV could pose a potential threat to the production of soybean in the future. References: (1) J. L. Jacobs and M. I. Chilvers. Plant Dis. 97:1387, 2013. (2) J. Han et al. Plant Dis. 97:693, 2013. (3) D. L. Smith et al. Plant Dis. 97:693, 2013. (4) J. Zhou et al. Virus Genes 43:289, 2011.
Molecular and Physiological Analysis of Al3+ and H+ Rhizotoxicities at Moderately Acidic Conditions
Authors: Kobayashi Yasufumi , Kobayashi Yuriko , Watanabe Toshihiro , Shaff Jon E. , Ohta Hiroyuki , Kochian Leon V. , Wagatsuma Tadao , Kinraide Thomas B. , Koyama Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Al3+ and H+ toxicities predicted to occur at moderately acidic conditions (pH [water] = 5–5.5) in low-Ca soils were characterized by the combined approaches of computational modeling of electrostatic interactions of ions at the root plasma membrane (PM) surface and molecular/physiological analyses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Root growth inhibition in known hypersensitive mutants was correlated with computed {Al3+} at the PM surface ({Al3+}PM); inhibition was alleviated by increased Ca, which also reduced {Al3+}PM and correlated with cellular Al responses based on expression analysis of genes that are markers for Al stress. The Al-inducible Al tolerance genes ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER1 and ALUMINUM SENSITIVE3 were induced by levels of {Al3+}PM too low to inhibit root growth in tolerant genotypes, indicating that protective responses are triggered when {Al3+}PM was below levels that can initiate injury. Modeling of the H+ sensitivity of the SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY1 knockout mutant identified a Ca alleviation mechanism of H+ rhizotoxicity, possibly involving stabilization of the cell wall. The phosphatidate phosphohydrolase1 (pah1) pah2 double mutant showed enhanced Al susceptibility under low-P conditions, where greater levels of negatively charged phospholipids in the PM occur, which increases {Al3+}PM through increased PM surface negativity compared with wild-type plants. Finally, we found that the nonalkalinizing Ca fertilizer gypsum improved the tolerance of the sensitive genotypes in moderately acidic soils. These findings fit our modeling predictions that root toxicity to Al3+ and H+ in moderately acidic soils involves interactions between both toxic ions in relation to Ca alleviation.
Multi‐tissue stable isotope analysis and acoustic telemetry reveal seasonal variability in the trophic interactions of juvenile bull sharks in a coastal estuary
Authors: Matich Philip , Heithaus Michael R. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Understanding how natural and anthropogenic drivers affect extant food webs is critical to predicting the impacts of climate change and habitat alterations on ecosystem dynamics.
In the Florida Everglades, seasonal reductions in freshwater flow and precipitation lead to annual migrations of aquatic taxa from marsh habitats to deep‐water refugia in estuaries. The timing and intensity of freshwater reductions, however, will be modified by ongoing ecosystem restoration and predicted climate change.
Understanding the importance of seasonally pulsed resources to predators is critical to predicting the impacts of management and climate change on their populations. As with many large predators, however, it is difficult to determine to what extent predators like bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in the coastal Everglades make use of prey pulses currently.
We used passive acoustic telemetry to determine whether shark movements responded to the pulse of marsh prey. To investigate the possibility that sharks fed on marsh prey, we modelled the predicted dynamics of stable isotope values in bull shark blood and plasma under different assumptions of temporal variability in shark diets and physiological dynamics of tissue turnover and isotopic discrimination.
Bull sharks increased their use of upstream channels during the late dry season, and although our previous work shows long‐term specialization in the diets of sharks, stable isotope values suggested that some individuals adjusted their diets to take advantage of prey entering the system from the marsh, and as such this may be an important resource for the nursery.
Restoration efforts are predicted to increase hydroperiods and marsh water levels, likely shifting the timing, duration and intensity of prey pulses, which could have negative consequences for the bull shark population and/or induce shifts in behaviour.
Understanding the factors influencing the propensity to specialize or adopt more flexible trophic interactions will be an important step in fully understanding the ecological role of predators and how ecological roles may vary with environmental and anthropogenic changes.
eNOS Overexpressing Bone Marrow Cells are Safe and Effective in a Porcine Model of Myocardial Regeneration Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ward Michael R. , Connelly Kim A. , Vijayaraghavan Ram , Vaags Andrea K. , Graham John J. , Foltz Warren , Hough Margaret R. , Stewart Duncan J. , Dick Alexander 
Published: July 2013

SummaryAimCell therapy has been shown to be effective in improving LV function postmyocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that eNOS‐transfected bone marrow cells (BMCs) are safe in a swine model of myocardial infarction (MI). We also hypothesized that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) transfection would enhance cell function, as assessed by myocardial functional recovery post‐MI.MethodsFifteen female Yorkshire pigs underwent bone marrow aspiration and creation of MI. Bone marrow cells were cultured for 7 days, and each pig received either autologous BMCs transiently transfected with eNOS plasmid (eNOS‐BMC, n = 5), nontransfected BMCs (nt‐BMC, n = 4), or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) control (n = 6). Cardiac MRI was performed at baseline (1 week post‐MI) and 6 weeks post‐MI.ResultsThere was no difference in safety outcomes between groups. Absolute left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 6 weeks showed a trend toward improvement in both cell therapy groups compared with baseline but worsened in the PBS control group. The absolute improvement in LVEF was significantly greater in both cell therapy groups compared with PBS control. Infarct mass was significantly lower in the eNOS‐BMC group between baseline and 6 weeks, but the absolute change in infarct mass was not different between groups. Finally, there was a trend toward reduced LV mass in the eNOS‐BMC group.ConclusionsBone marrow cell delivery, with and without eNOS overexpression, is safe and leads to improvement in LVEF when administered in the coronary circulation 7 days following acute MI in swine. Transfection of healthy BMCs with eNOS resulted in some improvement in left ventricular remodeling. Further study is warranted in a preclinical model that approximates the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on BMC function.
A categorization of recent network approaches to analyse trophic interactions
Authors: Miranda María , Parrini Francesca , Dalerum Fredrik 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Network analysis, a branch of discrete mathematics that quantifies the structure of links between a set of nodes, is emerging as a powerful methodology to approach complex ecological interactions.

There has been a rapidly increasing body of research targeting the topological description of trophic interactions. Here we categorize studies applying a topological approach to empirical trophic networks, with the aim of identifying recent trends and deficiencies in this approach to analyse trophic interactions.

There were biases in the taxonomic groups addressed and in the methodological approaches used for data collection and analyses. Studies on antagonistic interactions were generally focused on a single kind of bipartite interaction, and most studies compared network attributes across time, ecosystems or treatments.

We encourage a broader use of both interlinked and unipartite networks that would allow for describing indirect effects of trophic interactions, as well as time series of networks across seasons and phenological states of organisms. We also noted shortages of studies identifying interaction structures across levels of organization, on the correspondence between network structure and function, and particularly of studies on the behaviour of trophic networks in the face of environmental perturbations, which could provide guidance for preserving ecological interactions.
Molecular mechanisms underlying genotype‐dependent responses to dietary restriction
Authors: Schleit Jennifer , Johnson Simon C. , Bennett Christopher F. , Simko Marissa , Trongtham Natalie , Castanza Anthony , Hsieh Edward J. , Moller Richard M. , Wasko Brian M. , Delaney Joe R. , Sutphin George L. , Carr Daniel , Murakami Christopher J. , Tocchi Autumn , Xian Bo , Chen Weiyang , Yu Tao , Goswami Sarani , Higgins Sean , Jeong Ki‐Soo , Kim Jin R. , Klum Shannon , Liao Eric , Lin Michael S. , Lo Winston , Miller Hillary , Olsen Brady , Peng Zhao J. , Pollard Tom , Pradeep Prarthana , Pruett Dillon , Rai Dilreet , Ros Vanessa , Singh Minnie , Spector Benjamin L. , Wende Helen Vander , An Elroy H. , Fletcher Marissa , Jelic Monika , Rabinovitch Peter S. , MacCoss Michael J. , Han Jing‐Dong J. , Kennedy Brian K. , Kaeberlein Matt 
Published: July 2013

SummaryDietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan and attenuates age‐related phenotypes in many organisms; however, the effect of DR on longevity of individuals in genetically heterogeneous populations is not well characterized. Here, we describe a large‐scale effort to define molecular mechanisms that underlie genotype‐specific responses to DR. The effect of DR on lifespan was determined for 166 single gene deletion strains in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Resulting changes in mean lifespan ranged from a reduction of 79% to an increase of 103%. Vacuolar pH homeostasis, superoxide dismutase activity, and mitochondrial proteostasis were found to be strong determinants of the response to DR. Proteomic analysis of cells deficient in prohibitins revealed induction of a mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), which has not previously been described in yeast. Mitochondrial proteotoxic stress in prohibitin mutants was suppressed by DR via reduced cytoplasmic mRNA translation. A similar relationship between prohibitins, the mtUPR, and longevity was also observed in Caenorhabditis elegans. These observations define conserved molecular processes that underlie genotype‐dependent effects of DR that may be important modulators of DR in higher organisms.