bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
РАЗРАБОТКА АЛГОРИТМА БЫСТРОГО ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ФУРЬЕ В СИСТЕМЕ СЧИСЛЕНИЯ В ОСТАТОЧНЫХ КЛАССАХ ДЛЯ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ НА ПРОГРАММИРУЕМЫХ ЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ СХЕМАХ
Authors: Чумычкин В.А. , Галанина Н.А. 
Published: February 2025

Рассматривается проблема реализации алгоритма быстрого преобразования Фурье в системесчисления в остаточных классах. Представлены результаты исследования алгоритма, позволяющие получить наибольшее быстродействие при уменьшении аппаратных затрат на современных программируемых логических интегральных схемах. Разработан программный комплекс для подготовки конфигурационных данных для реализации на программируемых логических интегральных схемах.
Introduction. There is considered the problem of implementing the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm in the number system in residual classes (RNS). The use of RNS allows to significantly increase the speed of digital signal processing algorithms by performing parallel calculations. However, to implement the FFT algorithm in the RNS, it is necessary to solve the problem of the rapid growth of the bit depth of the output parameter at each stage of the calculation of the basic operation "butterfly" when using integer calculations. To solve this problem, two approaches are proposed. The first one is to reduce the number of consecutive multiplication operations, and the second one is to scale the intermediate results. The aim of the research is to develop algorithms and methods for implementation FFT in RNS on FPGA. Research method.Performing scaling of intermediate results in the RNS is a non-modular operation, which requires significant hardware costs. The optimal scaling algorithm is implemented with the selection of the scaling factor K that is equal to the one of the modules or the product of several modules of the RNS. To reduce the number of calculation steps, the method of interval estimates is used. In comparison with the standard scaling algorithm, an algorithm for evaluating the sign of the result and the correlation of calculations for negative numbers was added at the last stage. Conclusions. There are presented the results of a study of the implementation of the FFT algorithm in RNS, which allows to obtain the highest speed while reducing hardware costs on state-of-the-art programmable logic integrated circuits (FPGAs). A software package has been developed for the preparation of configuration data for implementation on FPGAs, which significantly simplifies the development of high-speed digital spectrum analysis devices in real time. The software package is integrated with the calculation of the total error to assess the impact of the normalization of the turning factors and the choice of the scaling factor based on the comparison of calculations in the positional number system and RNS.
Конструктивный синтез слабонаправленной антенны, выполненной с использованием метаматериала
Authors: Седельников Ю.Е. , Тутьяров Н.А. , Романов А.Г. 
Published: February 2025

Рассматривается метод усовершенствования слабонаправленной антенны с добавлением специальной конструкции пассивных элементов, не меняющих её основную конструкцию и служащих лишь дополнением к антенне. Использование метаматериалов является простым и эффективным для получения заданной формы диаграммы направленности. Согласно полученным данным, требуется лишь подобрать форму, размеры и правильное расположение вставки метаматериала вблизи излучателя. Предлагаемый подход может быть полезным при построении слабонаправленных антенн, оптимизированных излучателей апертурных антенн и антенн-датчиков систем ближнепольных измерений параметров антенн.
Introduction. Recently, the focus has moved towards antennas and microwave devices designed with the use of metamaterials. Due to their specific properties (negative dielectric and magnetic permeability), it is possible to improve characteristics, in particular, related to correction of the radiation pattern. The aim of the research was to review approaches for the constructive synthesis of antennas that have fragments made of a material with a negative dielectric or magnetic permeability to ensure a certain radiation pattern. Findings. The method of designing weakly directional antennas with the use of metamaterial fragments is an effective and simple way to ensure the required characteristics. The outcomes of the analysis showed that the use of metamaterials allows one to form the certain radiation pattern of a weakly directional antenna. The main advantage is that there is no need to change the design of the emitter, but according to the studied approach, it is required to correctly select the parameters of the metamaterial fragment and install it in the right place. The simplicity of production of metamaterials and their low cost make the approach to designing a weakly directional antenna with a metamaterial fragment affordable for different practical applications. Conclusion.The proposed approach can be used to design weakly directional antennas, including optimized emitters of aperture antennas, antenna sensors of near-field measurement systems, as well as antennas of moving objects with improved directivity.
Антенна-аппликатор для раннего выявления врождённых или приобретённых аномалий тканей головного мозга
Authors: Седельников Ю.Е. , Садыков А.Р. , Скачков В.А. 
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена разработке антенны-аппликатора для медицинской диагностики, основанной на принципе регистрации присущего тканям человеческого организма радиоизлучения на примере работы с серым веществом мозга. Проведён оценочный анализ преимуществ предложенного варианта антенны в сравнении с уже существующими. Изготовлен и проверен предложенный вариант антенны-аппликатора.
Introduction. Radiothermography is a promising diagnostic tool in medicine. It operates based on the principle of detecting radio emissions from human body tissues. Changes in their physiological properties result in alterations of both the absolute temperature and electrophysical properties of the screening area, which can cause deviation from the normal noise temperature. These changes are captured by radiothermography. The method enables a non-invasive and safe screening of the entire body, as it does not utilize active radiation. The tasks that it solves are highly relevant and crucial, as early diagnosis of the body enables the formulation of recommendations for maintaining patient health, detecting congenital or acquired injuries in the structure and function of organs and systems, determining the degree of their impact on the patient's life, and developing recommendations for preventing progression of a possible disease or minimizing its consequences. The objective of this research is to design and develop an antenna-applicator that meets specific requirements. The proposed approachin the development of this antenna-sensor is novel compared to existing alternatives and has the benefit of reducing the form factor of the sensor while increasing its sensitivity in radiothermography. The smaller size of the sensor opens up the possibility of using antenna arrays, which can enhance the product's resolution. The measurement of human radiation in the microwave range enables detection of temperature anomalies to a depth of several centimeters. The practical signilicance. The authors have developed the antenna-sensor, which boasts reduced dimensions as its main advantage. The performance of this version of the antenna has been confirmed through electrodynamic modeling and experimental results.
Способ повышения пропускной способности радиотехнической системы с последовательной передачей информации в узкополосных КВ-каналах связи на базе теории разрешающего времени
Authors: Лернер И.М. 
Published: February 2025

В работе представлен концепт фазовой радиотехнической системы с последовательной передачей информации для ионосферных среднеширотных декаметровых каналов связи, в которой адаптивное управление режимами работы достигается за счёт использования теории разрешающего времени. На основании проведённого в работе численного моделирования с помощью ранее разработанного программного обеспечения, реализующего элементы теории разрешающего времени, определены требования к её ключевым подсистемам по вычислительной производительности. Разработаны временные структуры, представленные в виде диаграмм, которые доказывают возможность её практической реализации с использованием отечественной элементной базы. Указаны системные критерии, предъявляемые к каждой из её подсистем. Ключевые слова: теория разрешающего времени; последовательная передача информации; фазовые РСПИ ППИ; временные структуры; функциональная схема
Introduction.Currently, one perspective approach to solve the problem with capacity increasing is utilizing of adaptive control of operating modes ReDTS. In this paper algorithms of the theory of resolution time (TRT) are used to develop the concept of such system for serial data transmission through HF narrowband channel (3-12 kHz bandwidth). To accomplish the goal the following tasks were solved: 1) creating a functional diagram of the phase radio engineering system with serial data transmission, 2) formulating the necessary technologies and technical solutions for implementing its key components. The solution of these problems was carried out by simulating in Matlab environment with the use of previously developed author's software and widely used software tests. Results: 1) a new functional diagram of a serial ReDTS, based on TRT, is developed for mid-latitude narrowband HF channel. The main requirements for its subsystems are determined; 2) average calculation time per one signal constellation is estimated which demonstrate that these algorithms can be executed in real-time; 3) the requirements for utilizing TRT algorithms on Elbrus architecture are formulated; 4) Time schedules for the operation of the proposed ReDTS have been developed.
Аппаратная реализация метода повышения различимости объектов на изображениях путём нормализации гистограммы яркости
Authors: Михайлюк Ю.П. , Начаров Д.В. 
Published: February 2025

В статье предложен вариант аппаратной реализации метода улучшения различимости объектов на цифровых изображениях, полученных в условиях недостаточной или избыточной освещённости. Во введении кратко охарактеризованы особенности искажений и способы улучшения изображений, основанные на применении степенных преобразований яркости. Приведены структурная и функциональная схемы, фрагменты Verilog-описаний и RTL-схемы модулей аппаратной реализации метода.
Introduction. In recent years, the increasing availability of powerful computing devices and the accumulation of vast amounts of labeled data have drawn growing attention from researchers and engineers towards artificial intelligence systems. This interest extends to various applications, particularly autonomous vehicles and devices like unmanned ground vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and autonomous vessels. Whether these systems operate offline or aim to remotely control an unmanned vehicle through the transmission of television images, the development of computationally efficient algorithms is crucial. These algorithms must enhance object visibility in the presence of a wide range of distortions. Poor visibility and impaired object recognition in images can result from various factors, including meteorological conditions such as fog, haze, and low lighting. Other contributing factors may involve incorrect camera exposure settings or a wide dynamic range in scene brightness. One approach to correct such distortions involves the use of power-law brightness transformations. However, the effectiveness of these transformations is constrained by the lack of universally applicable methods for selecting quantitative parameters. These parameters should be based on objective criteria rather than subjective judgments of television image quality. The aim of the work is to create a method for correcting images obtained in conditions of insufficient or excessive illumination. Algorithm for increasing the distinguishability of objects by normalizing the brightness histogram. Before image correction using power-law brightness transformations, the image is classified into four possible classes: “dark”, “light”, “low contrast”, “contrast”. Then, the image is subjected to a brightness transformation selected in accordance with the image class. Findings. Analytical expressions allow to calculate exponents of the brightness transformations used for images of various classes. There were developed schemes that implement the hardware of the proposed correction method. The main component of the device is an image processing unit. It is implemented on the basis of a programmable logic integrated circuit. Paper describes the fragments of Verilog-descriptions, RTL-schemes and results of simulation of image processing unit modules. Conclusions. We developed a method and hardware for correcting images obtained in conditions of insufficient or excessive illumination, which can be used for video correction in unmanned vehicles.
ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ДЕРЕВЬЕВ СОСНЫ ОБЫКНОВЕННОЙ ИЗ СМЕЖНЫХ БОЛОТНОЙ И СУХОДОЛЬНОЙ ЦЕНОПОПУЛЯЦИЙ ПО ЯДЕРНЫМ МИКРОСАТЕЛЛИТНЫМ ЛОКУСАМ
Authors: Шейкина О.В. , Гладков Ю.Ф. 
Published: February 2025

Приведены результаты изучения полиморфизма пяти микросателлитных локусов в смежных ценопопуляциях сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.), произрастающих в контрастных почвенных условиях. Всего было выявлено 36 аллелей в болотной и 32 аллеля в суходольной ценопопуляции. Количество уникальных аллелей составило восемь и четыре соответственно. c2-тест показал отсутствие достоверных отличий по частоте встречаемости аллелей в болотной и суходольной ценопопуляциях. Изученные ценопопуляции характеризовались близким уровнем генетической изменчивости. Дифференциация изученных ценопопуляций сосны обыкновенной по SSR-маркерам составила 1,2 (FST0,012).
Introduction. The analysis of environmental barriers influence on the genetic structure and the diversity of forest species is one of the vital tasks for population biology. The goal of the research is to make a comparative assessment of genetic polymorphism and to reveal the peculiarities of genetic structure of bog land and upland cenopopulations on the basis of the analysis of variability of microsatellite regions of nuclear DNA. Objects and research methodology. The mixed bog land and upland cenopopulations of Scots pine were taken for the research. Thirty trees of each cenopopulation were studied. Five nuclear SSR loci were used for the analysis. Calculation of the parameters of genetic variability was made using GenAlEX6. Research results. Number of discovered alleles varied from 3 to 10 for different microsatellite loci. In total, 36 alleles in the bog land cenopopulation and 32 alleles in the upland cenopopulation were revealed. There were 8 and 4 unique alleles, respectively. However, c2-test demonstrated no significant difference in the allele frequency in bog land and upland cenopopulations. The assessment of conformity to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed that for microsatellite loci PtTX2106, PtTX3107, and Psy117 in the upland cenopopulation and for loci Lop1, PtTX3107, and Lop3 in the bog land cenopopulation the significant differences between the observed and expected heterozygosity had been revealed. The studied cenopopulations are described by the nearly level of genetic variation. The indices of genetic variability were: number of alleles in a locus 6.40 and 7.20 effective number of alleles 3.46 and 3.68 observed heterozygosity 0.58 and 0.60 expected heterozygosity 0.66 and 0.67, Wrights fixation index 0.09 and 0.07. The differentiation of cenopopulation of Scots pine in SSR markers was 1.2 (FST0.012). Conclusion. The studied bog land and upland cenopopulations are described by the nearly level of genetic variation and have no specific peculiarities in the allele frequency. But the presence of unique alleles found in one ecotope is the evidence of different genetic structure of contiguous bog land and upland cenopopulations.
ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ШТАММОВ FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM И FUSARIUM VERTICILLIOIDES, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ ИЗ СЕЯНЦЕВ ХВОЙНЫХ ВИДОВ
Authors: Шейкина О.В. , Пачкунов Д.М. , Жемкова Е.С. , Кисельникова О.М. 
Published: February 2025

Грибы рода Fusarium широко распространены в лесных питомниках. Виды Fusarium являются одними из наиболее сложно идентифицируемых с помощью микробиологических методов. Цель настоящего исследования заключалась в идентификации микромицетов рода Fusarium, выделенных из сеянцев сосны обыкновенной и ели обыкновенной, и разработке метода определения видовой принадлежности F. oxysporum, F. verticilliodes и F. graminearum на основе рестрикционного анализа фрагментов амплифицированной рибосомальной ДНК. В исследовании использованы универсальные праймеры ITS1 и ITS4.
Introduction. Fusarim are widely spread in forest nurseries. It is difficult to identify Fusarium species using microbiological methods. The goal of this study was to identify the micromycetes of Fusarium genus isolated from Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings and to develop a method of species identification for F. oxysporum, F. verticilliodes, and F. graminearum based on the restriction analysis of amplified ribosomal DNA. Objects and research methodology. The universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 were used in the study. A PCR-product of about 550 base pairs for each Fusarium species was generated. Three Fusarium species (F. oxysporum, F. verticilliodes, and F. graminearum) were identified by the molecular genetic analysis based on the sequence of ITS rDNA region. Since these fungi are difficult to distinguish by morphological markers, a simple method based on the digestion by restriction endonucleases of ITS1-5,8S-ITS2-28S region was developed. Five restriction endonucleases (AluI, BstMBI, BstHHI, BsuRI, and HpaII) were used for digestion of the studied DNA. Research results.Only HpaII and BstHHI allowed to get the unique RFLP banding patterns for each Fusarium species. When using the restrictase HpaII, a unique fragment over 440 bp for F. oxysporum and two fragments over 300 bp and 160 bp for F. verticilloides were identificated. The digestion of PCR fragments by using BstHHI enzyme revealed two specific fragments (300 bp and 280 bp) for F. oxysporum and two fragments (300 bp and 190 bp) for F. verticilloides. Conclusion. The PCR-RFLP analysis of the amplified ITS region was proved to be a useful molecular tool for identification of F. oxysporum, F. verticilliodes, and F. graminearum.
ЛЕСА СРЕДНЕРУССКОЙ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ КАК ОБЪЕКТ EX SITU
Authors: Кузнецова Н.Ф. 
Published: February 2025

Приведены данные, характеризующие распределение лесных экосистем, основных лесообразующих пород Среднерусской лесостепи и изменение лесистости на её территории за 300 последних лет. Показано, что результатом прямого уничтожения лесов и проведённых во второй половине ХХ века лесокультурных работ автохтонный лесной покров по происхождению стал практически полностью антропогенным. Обсуждаются проблемы развития сосны обыкновенной и дуба черешчатого вне режима ex situ.
Thetopicality of this research is explained with negative trends of forest cover development in the Central Russian forest-steppe in the past 300 years. Three species (Pinus sylvestris L., Quercus robur L. and Betula pendula Roth) are the basis for the research. The goal of the research is to analyze the regularities and stages of transformation of natural forests of forest-steppe into the man-made forest and consider the problems connected with forest self-development out of the ex situ mode. Results. The initial distribution of major forest forming species and forest ecosystems from East to West and from North to South of the Central Russian forest-steppe was studied. It was demonstrated that mass destruction of forests in XVII-XIX centuries provoked the transit of natural forest-steppe cover into the man-made steppificated one. By 1927, forest cover of the area attained the critical minimum: the area of forests decreased by 3-5 times, their productivity lowered, species composition changed. The change of earlier dominant species of oak and pine to more viable birch started. In ХХ century, oak passed several stages of degradation, health of oak groves became worse, the breeding potential and quality of seed generation sharply decreased. Pine also lost its competitive advantage in comparison with soft-wooded broadleaved species. In the second half of ХХ century, various measures to manage and conserve forests of Central Russian forest-steppe as an ex situ object were started to apply. Forest policy of 1950-1980 years contributed to conservation of natural pine forests and oak groves in the nature reserves and other territories, much work in artificial reforestation was undertaken. Forest cover increased by 75%, ecological situation normalized, and earlier disturbed forests cover became almost completely a man-made forest by origin. The problems of forest self development out of ex situregime in the past 30 years are discussed. Conclusion. The negative trend of the change of English oak and Scots pine to the soft-wooded broadleaved species has significantly accelerated because of transition of forestry to forest restoration by mainly natural regrowth. It was substantiated that conservation of biodiversity of forests of Central Russian forest-steppe was possible in the regulated conditions ex situ only.