bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children consider others’ need and reputation in costly sharing decisions
Authors: Blakey Kirsten H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Children’s sharing decisions are shaped by recipient characteristics such as need and reputation, yet studies often focus on one characteristic at a time. This research examines how combinations of recipient characteristics impact costly sharing decisions among 3- to 9-year-old children (N = 186). Children were informed about the material need (needy or not needy) and reputation (sharing or not sharing) of potential recipients before having the opportunity to share stickers with them. Results indicated that sharing was higher when the recipient was needy and increased more when the recipient had a reputation for sharing. Children shared over half of their stickers with a needy, sharing recipient, and less than half with a not needy, not sharing recipient. Children shared equally with recipients who were needy and not sharing or not needy and sharing, suggesting no preference for either characteristic. To explore the emotional benefits of sharing, children rated their own and the recipient’s mood before and after sharing, showing a greater increase in ratings of the recipient’s mood when more resources were shared. These findings suggest that children consider multiple recipient characteristics in their sharing decisions, demonstrating altruism toward those in need and indirectly reciprocating past sharing based on reputation.
Nicht-interventionelle Studie (NIS) zum Einfluss eines
Rosenwurz-Präparats auf das Wirkempfinden, die Verbesserung der Symptomatik und
der Lebensqualität von Patienten mit Stresssymptomen in akuten
Belastungsphasen
Authors: Eder Denise , Rotmann Andre , Kassen Annette 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungExtrakte von Rhodiola rosea (Rosenwurz) werden seit Langem als Adaptogen
zur Linderung von Stresssymptomen wie Müdigkeit und Erschöpfung eingesetzt. Zur
Erhebung der Veränderung der klinischen Symptomatik und der Lebensqualität bei
Patienten mit Stresssymptomen in akuten Belastungsphasen wurde eine
nicht-interventionelle Studie (NIS, n=48) durchgeführt. Nach der 4-wöchigen
Einnahme eines Rosenwurz-Extraktes zeigte sich mithilfe des Kurzfragebogens zur
aktuellen Beanspruchung (KAB) eine signifikante Verbesserung bezüglich der
subjektiv erlebten Beanspruchung. Gleichzeitig nahm die Lebensqualität zu
(Münchner Lebensqualitäts-Dimensionen Liste [MLDL]) und das empfundene
Stresslevel sank (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]). Die Ergebnisse dieser NIS
zeigen, dass sich die Einnahme eines Rosenwurz-Extraktes positiv auf das
individuelle Stressempfinden und die Lebensqualität auswirken kann.
Tumor-induzierte Osteomalazie
Authors: Beil Frank Timo , Rolvien Tim , Hubert Jan , Ries Christian , Amling Michael , Oheim Ralf 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Tumor-induzierte Osteomalazie (TIO) – auch als Onkogene Osteomalazie (OOM) bezeichnet – ist eine seltene, aber klinisch bedeutsame Erkrankung, welche durch benigne mesenchymale Tumoren hervorgerufen wird. Diese Tumoren sekretieren den Phosphatonin Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23), welcher u. a. die Phosphatrückresorption in den Nieren hemmt und dadurch zu einer systemischen Hypophosphatämie und konsekutiv zu einer Osteomalazie führt. Die Tumor-induzierte Osteomalazie ist klinisch mit einer Muskelschwäche, Knochenschmerzen und einer erhöhten Frakturanfälligkeit, insbesondere für Pseudo- und Insuffizienzfrakturen, verbunden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen pathophysiologischen Mechanismen, diagnostischen Herausforderungen und Behandlungsstrategien der Tumor-induzierten Osteomalazie.
Hüftendoprothetik bei Osteoporose
Authors: Niemeier Andreas 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungOsteoporose stellt sowohl bei Frakturprothesen der Hüfte als auch bei elektiven Hüftprothesen eine prävalente und relevante Komorbidität dar. Nahezu 100 % aller Patienten, die wegen einer Fragilitätsfraktur des proximalen Femurs eine Hüftendoprothese erhalten und etwa 30 % aller Patienten, die eine elektive Hüftendoprothese implantiert bekommen, weisen eine manifeste, medikamentös behandlungsbedürftige Osteoporose auf. Die demografische Entwicklung in der EU hat eine deutliche Zunahme sowohl der Coxarthroseprävalenz als auch der Osteoporoseprävalenz zur Folge. Trotzdem wird weiterhin ein Großteil (> 50 %) der Patienten mit behandlungsflichtiger Osteoporose in den meisten europäischen Ländern selbst nach eingetretener Fragilitätsfraktur nicht adäquat therapiert. Es ist wesentlich, die Osteoporose als Risikofaktor für intra- und postoperative periprothetische Frakturen und für aseptische Prothesenlockerungen zu erkennen. Ab dem 75. Lebensjahr besteht bei Verwendung zementfreier Schäfte ein signifikant erhöhtes Revisionsrisiko im Vergleich zu zementierten Schäften. Osteoporosescreening und -therapie sollte daher Bestandteil des Behandlungsalgorithmus im Rahmen der Hüftendoprothetik des älteren Menschen sein.
Einfluss dysfunktionaler Schon- und Durchhaltemuster auf die
Aufrechterhaltung von Post-COVID Fatigue?
Authors: Kupferschmitt Alexa Alica , Determeyer Nina , Hasenbring Monika , Langheim Eike , Köllner Volker 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungNach einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion entwickeln ca. 10% der Patient*innen eine
Post-COVID-Symptomatik, Fatigue ist eines der häufigsten Symptome. Diese
führt zu einer erheblichen Einschränkung der Lebens-qualität und zu einem
hohen Arbeitsausfall. Bei der Chronifizierung von Schmerzen sind
dysfunktionale Muster im Sinne des Avoidance/Endurance Konzepts relevant und
die klinische Erfahrung mit PCS-Patienten zeigt, dass diese auch hier eine
Rolle spielen könnten.Die explorative Beobachtungsstudie überprüft die Annahme, dass maladaptive
Angst-Vermeidungsreaktionen oder Durchhaltereaktionen bei der
Aufrechterhaltung von Post-COVID-Fatigue-Symptomen einen signifikanten
Einfluß haben.Bei N=97 Patient*innen mit Post-COVID-Fatiguesymptomatik aus einer
Rehabilitationseinrichtung wurden mit den Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen
Fatigue (FSMC), Avoidance-Endurance-Verhalten (AEQ) sowie psychologische und
arbeitsbezogene Variablen erfasst, zusätzlich wurde ein 6-Minuten Gehtest
durchgeführt.Es ergab sich folgendes Verteilungsmuster: 2/3 distress Durchhalten, 1/3
Vermeiden und keine adäquaten Coper. Das
Ängstlich-Vermeidende-Reaktionsmuster konnte signifikant Varianz in der
Fatigueausprägung aufklären (F (3, 88)=17,072, p<0,001; R²=0,368). Die
Vermeidung körperlicher Aktivität steht mit einer erhöhten Anzahl an
AU-Tagen in Verbindung.Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Annahme, dass maladaptive Reaktionsmuster
einen Beitrag zur Chronifizierung der Post-COVID-Symptomatik leisten, dies
sollte allerdings in einer prospektiven Studie überprüft werden. Dies
spricht angesichts dieser chronifizierten Stichprobe für die Bedeutung
dieser Konstrukte. Durch Screenings könnte man diese im Vorfeld
herausfiltern und gezieltere, individuell abgestimmte Therapien
durchführen.
Combining an in situ device fabrication and six-probe electrical transport measurement system with low-energy electron microscopy
Authors: Zhao Jin , Bespalov Ivan , Wu Rongting , Božović Ivan 
Published: February 2025

Two-dimensional (2D) quantum materials, including several analogs of graphene (“X-enes”), are of great current research interest. However, some of the potentially most exciting ones are reactive and sensitive to exposure to the atmosphere, which hampered the experimental study of their key physical properties. Here, we introduce an experimental setup that integrates sub-atomic-layer-resolved molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) synthesis, real-time low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and in situ six-probe electrical transport measurements. The six-probe apparatus is equipped with a dry cryocooler for reaching cryogenic temperatures, a piezoelectric XYZ nano-positioning stage for high-precision motion of the six probes, and an in situ device fabrication system for the deposition of custom-shaped gold electrodes. This design enables the six-probe system to perform both AC and DC resistance measurements on 2D quantum materials along multiple orientations within the temperature range of 5K &lt; T &lt; 400 K. The modules are interconnected under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), and the samples can be synthesized by MBE, imaged by LEEM, and R(T) dependence measured without any surface contamination. We present the first experimental results that test and validate the performance of the six-probe system by transport measurements on several materials, including semiconductors and superconductors. This new instrument is proven to be a versatile platform for studying atmosphere-sensitive quantum materials.
Artificial intelligence integration in three iOS pronunciation apps
Authors: Kaiser DJ 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Claims of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into mobile applications for pronunciation training date back
to at least 2011 with the iOS app T Accent (Arivoc Education International, 2011),
which used automatic speech recognition (ASR) to provide “Goodness of Pronunciation” (GOP) ratings (Witt & Young, 2000). AI has advanced significantly since 2011, most noticeably with the 2022 release
of OpenAI’s ChatGPT, which made chatbots powered by generative AI more widely available. AI has led to new applications in
pronunciation apps that can evaluate pronunciation and integrate communicative role-play activities. This article examines ASR and
chatbot integration in three iOS apps: ELSA Speak, Loora, and Vocal Image. Feedback provided by these apps is frequently
inaccurate and often limited to consonant and vowel sounds. This article cautions teachers and learners about the current
limitations of these apps and provides recommendations for incorporating AI-powered tools into today’s pronunciation
classrooms.
Hierarchical integration of nanopillars and nanochannels in a nanofluidic device for single-nanoparticle detection
Authors: Kakiuchi Rina , Kazoe Yutaka 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nanofluidics using 10–1000 nm nanochannels has been developed, and the analysis of single nanoparticles such as extracellular vesicles and macromolecules utilizing the smallness of nanospaces are expected. Electrical detection with resistive pulse sensing (RPS) using a channel comparable in size to the nanoparticle is effective even for non-fluorescent analytes, but integration of an ultra-small RPS nanochannel with other micro- and nanochannels for transport and chemical processing without clogging the channels is still a challenging. In the present study, a nanofluidic device with the function of single nanoparticle detection using RPS was developed. Considering 60 nm fluorescent nanoparticles as a model sample, we designed a nanofluidic device with a hierarchical structure of microchannels (depth: 8 μm) for sample injection, and a filtering nanochannel (depth: 400 nm) containing nanopillars and a downstream nanochannel (depth: 400 nm) which are connected by an RPS nanochannel with a diameter comparable to the nanoparticle size. A top–down fabrication process by electron beam lithography and dry etching was developed to realize the hierarchical structure with an RPS nanochannel of 90 nm width, 80 nm depth and 400 nm length, which is sufficiently small for the electrical detection, and the nanopillars of 90 nm spacing for filtering aggregated nanoparticles. Using the fabricated device, the electrophoretic transport, filtering and detection of a 60 nm fluorescent nanoparticle was demonstrated. An electrical signal peak with a current reduction of 5.3% was detected, in agreement with the designed value, when a nanoparticle passes through the RPS nanochannel. The developed device will contribute to the realization of single nanoparticle analysis by nanofluidics for biology and medicine.
Fault diagnosis of planetary gears in noisy environments using a VMTransformer model
Authors: Wang Dexian , Xu Xingye , Yang Jinghui , Liu Qilong , Huang Delin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As a green and renewable energy source, wind energy experienced considerable growth, offshore wind power technology is increasingly valued by nations worldwide. Planetary gearboxes are critical but failure-prone components in wind turbines, which present a significant risk to the operational stability of the entire system. To address the issue of noise interference in the vibration signals of gearboxes under extreme conditions, this paper proposes the VMTransformer model, which integrates, variational mode decomposition (VMD) and the multichannel transformer for the fault diagnosis of planetary gear in wind turbine generators. The noise in the vibration signal is decomposed and reconstructed in the frequency domain using the VMD, and the significant frequency information is retained for signal noise reduction. The results of the decomposition are subjected to multi-scale feature fusion over multiple channels, which can maximize the frequency domain information provided by the VMD to further refine and enhance the model’s ability to extract important features in the signal. Efficient channel attention is incorporated into the transformer model to suppress redundant information, enhancing the extraction of relevant information from each channel, and improving both the model’s stability. The experimental results demonstrate that the model proposed in this paper obtains an accuracy of 98.62%, which is a significant improvement over other models, and the model also performs well in noisy environment.
DRACO: differentiable reconstruction for arbitrary CBCT orbits
Authors: Ye Chengze , Schneider Linda-Sophie , Sun Yipeng , Thies Mareike , Mei Siyuan , Maier Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objective: This study introduces a novel method for reconstructing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for arbitrary orbits, addressing the computational and memory challenges associated with traditional iterative reconstruction algorithms. Approach: The proposed method employs a differentiable shift-variant filtered backprojection neural network, optimized for arbitrary trajectories. By integrating known operators into the learning model, the approach minimizes the number of trainable parameters while enhancing model interpretability. This framework adapts seamlessly to specific orbit geometries, including non-continuous trajectories such as circular-plus-arc or sinusoidal paths, enabling faster and more accurate CBCT reconstructions. Main Results: Experimental validation demonstrates that the method significantly accelerates reconstruction, reducing computation time by over 97% compared to conventional iterative algorithms. It achieves superior or comparable image quality with reduced noise, as evidenced by a 38.6% reduction in mean squared error, a 7.7% increase in peak signal-to-noise ratio, and a 5.0% improvement in the structural similarity index measure. The flexibility and robustness of the approach are confirmed through its ability to handle data from diverse scan geometries. Significance: This method represents a significant advancement in interventional medical imaging, particularly for robotic C-arm CT systems, enabling real-time, high-quality CBCT reconstructions for customized orbits. It offers a transformative solution for clinical applications requiring computational efficiency and precision in imaging. Code Availability: Code is available at https://github.com/ChengzeYe/Defrise-and-Clack-reconstruction.
Connecting recent JET isotope L-H transition studies to H-mode access in new ITER scenarios
Authors: Vincenzi Pietro , Delabie Ephrem , Loarte Alberto , Schneider Mireille , Solano Emilia R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper reviews recent experimental advances in characterising the low-to-high confinement mode (L-H) transition in tokamaks, with a particular focus on ITER-relevant results from JET and metallic wall tokamaks. Achieving H-mode is critical for the success of ITER, and the robustness of the H-mode access in the recently revised ITER research plan is assessed in the present paper. Findings from JET and metallic wall machines are applied to ITER predictions for both the early and nuclear operational phases. Notably, a new multi-machine, metallic wall-specific scaling of the L-H power threshold is applied to ITER scenarios, revealing significant deviations from the widely used ITPA 2008 scaling derived primarily from C-wall machines. JET findings on the L-H transition dependence on plasma isotope mass are applied to ITER, which will first explore H-mode in Deuterium plasmas before progressing to Deuterium-Tritium plasmas. Achieving H-mode in Hydrogen plasmas is deemed unlikely under the available heating and current drive (H&CD) power and, therefore, not planned in the ITER strategy. In the nuclear phase, ITER will explore full-performance scenarios in D plasmas with increased H&CD power, including neutral beam injection (NBI). Shine-through NBI power limitations will not constrain the operational space for H-mode access. H-mode access might prove challenging at high plasma current and density in D plasmas, especially considering the recent metal wall L-H power threshold scaling. This timely analysis incorporates the latest experimental findings, providing valuable insights to support the successful and efficient exploitation of ITER.
Isotopic partitioning of gaseous nitrogen emissions of natural terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Feng Maoyuan , Liu Gang , Wang Yilong , Chang Jinfeng , Peng Shushi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We estimated the emissions of different forms of gaseous nitrogen (N) from natural terrestrial ecosystems using newly upscaled soil δ15N maps, data-constrained gas partitioning models, and incorporating the previously missing N input flux from rock weathering. The emissions for nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO) and dinitrogen (N2) are estimated at 12±3, 19±4, and 12±3 Tg N yr-1, respectively. CMIP6 models tend to overestimate total gaseous N emissions and thus N2O emissions. Correcting these total gaseous N emissions to match soil δ15N maps and applying gas partitioning models, the CMIP6 models’ N2O emission estimates drop to 7±2 Tg N yr-1, consistent with this study and NMIP2. Differences in gas partitioning models also contribute significantly to uncertainties in N2O emission estimates. This study underscores the need for improved modeling of gaseous N emissions and partitioning in CMIP6 models to better understand the responses and feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change.&#xD;
Hierarchical Agent Transformer Network for COVID-19 Infection Segmentation
Authors: Tian Yi , Mao Qi , Wang wenfeng , Zhang Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurate and timely segmentation of COVID-19 infection regions is critical for effective diagnosis and treatment. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) exhibit strong performance in medical image segmentation, they face challenges in handling complex lesion morphologies with irregular boundaries. Transformer-based approaches, though demonstrating superior capability in capturing global context, suffer from high computational costs and suboptimal multi-scale feature integration. To address these limitations, we proposed Hierarchical Agent Transformer Network (HATNet), a hierarchical encoder-bridge-decoder architecture that optimally balances segmentation accuracy with computational efficiency. The encoder employs novel agent Transformer blocks specifically designed to capture subtle features of small COVID-19 lesions through agent tokens with linear computational complexity. A diversity restoration module (DRM) is innovatively embedded within each agent Transformer block to counteract feature degradation. The hierarchical structure simultaneously extracts high-resolution shallow features and low-resolution fine features, ensuring comprehensive feature representation. The bridge stage incorporates an improved pyramid pooling module (IPPM) that establishes hierarchical global priors, significantly improving contextual understanding for the decoder. The decoder integrates a full-scale bidirectional feature pyramid network (FsBiFPN) with a dedicated border-refinement module (BRM), collectively enhancing edge precision. The HATNet were evaluated on the COVID-19-CT-Seg and CC-CCII datasets. Experimental results yielded Dice scores of 84.14% and 81.22% respectively, demonstrating superior segmentation performance compared to state-of-the-art models. Furthermore, it achieved notable advantages in model parameters and computational complexity, highlighting its clinical deployment potential.
Experimental Investigation on Suppression of Gearbox Vibrations Using Particle Damping Technique
Authors: Patil Kuldip A. , Katake Kaveri A. , Sutar Kailasnath Bhimrao , Karande Pankaj S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The present work focuses on addressing the challenges of vibration in gear transmission systems, which can cause damage to mechanical equipment and pose risks to operators. Vibration damping is a technique to mitigate these issues using particle-damping materials. These damping materials, used in varying amounts, can alter the natural vibration frequency of equipment, reducing noise and transmission loss. This study aims to experimentally analyze the impact of particle damping on a single-stage gearbox under different operational conditions. These conditions include variations in external load (0 kg, 1.5 kg, 2.5 kg), particle filling ratios (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 95%), particle diameter (3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm), the number of blank hole cavities (4, 6), rotational speed in RPM (200, 300, 400, 500 600, 700) and gear conditions (healthy or faulty). An experimental setup was developed to capture the vibration data from a single-stage spur gearbox. An FFT analyzer with an accelerometer was used to measure the amplitude of vibration under different operating conditions. For the healthy as well as faulty gear pairs, the experimental combination consisting of six blank holes, 75% particle filling ratio with 4 mm particle diameters and 1.5 kg external load gave the minimum vibrations.
Repair of Traumatic Uterine Avulsion of a Gravid Uterus
Authors: Psaromatis Kirie M. , Lopez Ashley R. , Murray Amanda M. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
Although the fundus is the most likely location of rupture in the gravid uterus, the isthmus is the weakest point, leaving it vulnerable to avulsion during blunt pelvic trauma. We describe a case of uterine avulsion in a gravid patient that was repaired in an attempt to preserve future fertility.

CASE:
A 19-year-old primigravid woman in her second trimester presented with uterine body avulsion from the cervix after motor vehicle collision. After evacuation of the pregnancy, repair consisted of circumferential interrupted sutures with digital confirmation of cervical patency. On follow-up imaging, normal anatomy appeared restored, with no residual abnormalities noted. We recommended the use of long-acting reversible contraception postoperatively, as well as special considerations for future pregnancies, such as prelabor caesarean delivery and maternal–fetal medicine subspecialist referral.

CONCLUSION:
A gravid uterus may be particularly prone to avulsion at the isthmus, and similar techniques as those described previously in cases of nongravid uterine avulsion may be used in an attempt to preserve future fertility.