bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nondestructive Measurements of Cottonseed Nutritional Trait Diversity in the U.S. National Cotton Germplasm Collection
Authors: Hinze Lori L. , Horn Patrick J. , Kothari Neha , Dever Jane K. , Frelichowski James , Chapman Kent D. , Percy Richard G. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTRecent studies have suggested that cottonseed (Gossypium spp.) has the potential to contribute to the effort against world hunger, particularly by providing a high‐quality protein source. This report analyzed the diversity in protein content and other seed quality factors in the U.S. National Cotton Germplasm Collection. Nine genomes (one tetraploid and eight diploid) and 33 species (five tetraploid and 28 diploid) were surveyed in this examination of 2256 accessions. A novel nondestructive nuclear magnetic resonance technique was applied to measure oil and protein content, seed indices were calculated, and these data were associated with molecular marker information. Oil content ranged from 8 to 27%, protein values ranged from 10 to 36%, and seed index was lowest at 1 g per 100 seeds and extended up to 18 g per 100 seeds. Most of the range in values for these traits resided within G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.; thus implying that variability for cottonseed quality can be introduced with relative ease in current breeding programs. The diploid genomes generally had extremely low values for oil, protein, and seed index. Molecular marker information indicated that chromosome 21 was likely associated with oil content. Understanding how these seed quality factors vary independently and in relation to each other will allow us to better select parents for breeding programs, and identifying associations with molecular markers may help us enhance progress through marker‐assisted selection approaches.
Adaptability and Stability Analysis for Selection of Elephantgrass Clones under Grazing
Authors: Viana Bruno L. , de Mello Alexandre C. L. , de A. Lira Mário , Guim Adriana , Dubeux José C. B. , dos Santos Mércia V. F. , da Cunha Márcio V. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAdaptability is the capacity of a genotype to respond favorably to changes in the environment, while stability is the capacity to have highly predictable performance in different environmental conditions. In this study, the stability and adaptability of eight Pennisetum spp. clones were assessed. Genotypes analyzed in this research included five dwarf elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) cultivars (Taiwan 2.27, Taiwan 2.37, Taiwan 2.114, Merker México 6.31, and Mott), two tall elephantgrass cultivars (IRI 381 and Elephant B), and one interspecific hybrid (HV 241) of elephantgrass and pearl millet [P. purpureum × P. glaucum (L.) R. Brown]. Adaptability and stability parameters were estimated for the following variables: herbage mass (HM), herbage accumulation rate (HAR), number of green leaves per tiller (NL/T), number of tillers (NT), and leaf/stem ratio. Interaction between clones and grazing periods occurred (P ≤ 0.05) for all variables. Herbage mass ranged from 2180 kg dry matter (DM) ha−1 (Taiwan 2.37) to 3383 kg DM ha−1 (Mott), averaging 2796 kg DM ha−1. Except for HV 241, which displayed specific adaptability to a favorable environment in HM and NT, the clones displayed wide adaptability. Dwarf genotypes (Taiwan 2.27, Taiwan 2.114, and Mott) displayed greater (P ≤ 0.05) capacity of leaf production per tiller than the other entries. Mott and Taiwan 2.114 were selected for the next phase of the breeding program on the basis of stability, HAR, and NL/T.
Genetic and Environmental Effects on Fatty Acid Composition in Soybeans with Potential Use in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Hemingway Joel , Eskandari Mehrzad , Rajcan Istvan 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTEnvironmental effects on quantitative traits such as seed oil fatty acid composition in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] can significantly affect the performance of a given genotype when exposed to varying growing conditions. High linoleic acid oils have the potential to be used as raw materials for the production of polyols and polyurethane that can be used in the automotive industry. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the sources of variation affecting seed oil fatty acids profiles and (ii) to evaluate stability of soybean genotypes with different fatty acids across different environments. Fifty‐six soybean genotypes with altered fatty acid composition selected from two recombinant inbred line populations segregating for saturated and linoleic acids were used along with commercial high yielding cultivars. All genotypes were evaluated in southwestern Ontario, Canada, at three locations in 2008 and two locations in 2009, and data was collected for fatty acid composition as well as other seed and agronomic traits. Combined analysis of variances showed significant location and genotype × location effects for stearic and oleic acids. Genotype × environment effect was significant for unsaturated fatty acids plus seed oil and protein concentrations. The effect of genotype × year was significant for unsaturated fatty acids. Stability analyses using Francis and Kannenberg's mean coefficient of variation stability, Shukla's stability variance statistic (σ2), and Lin and Binns cultivar superiority measure identified genotypes E‐49 and E‐14 as being superior for high linoleic and low saturated fatty acids oil production for potential use in the automotive industry.
Body Dissatisfaction and Self-Esteem in Female Students Aged 9-15: the Effects of Age, Family Income, Body Mass Index Levels and Dance Practice
Authors: Monteiro Lilian A. , Novaes Jefferson S. , Santos Mara L. , Fernandes Helder M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of age, family income, body mass index and dance practice on levels of body dissatisfaction and self-esteem in female students. The sample consisted of 283 female subjects attending a public school with a mean age of 11.51±1.60 years and a mean body mass index of 18.72 kg/m2 (SD=3.32). The instruments used were the Body Dissatisfaction Scale for Adolescents and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, both of which showed good internal consistency (0.77 and 0.81, respectively). The tests were applied (two-factor ANOVA) to compare the students practicing and those not practicing dance; the differences in the levels of body dissatisfaction (p=0.104) and self-esteem (p=0.09) were considered significant. The results demonstrated that age negatively correlated with body dissatisfaction (r=-0.19; p<0.01) and that higher body mass index levels were associated with greater body dissatisfaction (r=0.15, p=0.016) and lower levels of self-esteem (r=-0.17, p<0.01) only in non-practitioners. The practice of dance had a significant effect on levels of body dissatisfaction (F=4.79; p=0.030; η2=0.02), but there was no significant difference in self-esteem (F=1.88; p=0.172; η2=0.02). It can be concluded that female children and adolescents practicing dance have higher self-esteem, and are more satisfied with their body weight and their appearance. Moreover, results showed that self-esteem and body dissatisfaction were influenced by the body mass index levels only in the nonpractitioners group.
Soccer Practice and Functional and Social Performance of Men With Lower Limb Amputations
Authors: Monteiro Rogeria , Pfeifer Luzia , Santos Alex , Sousa Nelson 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Practicing sports together with rehabilitative treatment improves the development of motor, social and emotional abilities of lower limb amputees. The aim of this study was to compare the functional and social performance of individuals with lower limb amputations between those who played soccer and those who did not engage in any sports activities. A total of 138 individuals participated in the study and were divided into two groups: soccer players (n = 69, 34 ± 8.1 years) and non-athletes (n = 69, 38 ± 8.9 years). A checklist, based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, was used. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. The soccer players group showed significantly better performance than the non-athletes group in most items of body function, body structure, occupational performance components and daily activities (p < 0.001 for all), and also in some important items of social and environment factors (p < 0.001 for all). The results strongly suggest that amputee soccer significantly improves the functional and social performance in individuals with lower limb amputations.
The Acute Effect of Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction with Hemodynamic Variables on Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Araújo Joamira P. , Silva Eliney D. , Silva Julio C. G. , Souza Thiago S. P. , Lima Eloíse O. , Guerra Ialuska , Sousa Maria S. C. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the heart rate (HR) before, during and after training at moderate intensity (MI, 50%-1RM) and at low intensity with blood flow restriction (LIBFR). In a randomized controlled trial study, 14 subjects (average age 45±9,9 years) performed one of the exercise protocols during two separate visits to the laboratory. SBP, DBP and HR measurements were collected prior to the start of the set and 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after knee extension exercises. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to identify significant variables (2 x 5; group x time). The results demonstrated a significant reduction in SBP in the LIBFR group. These results provide evidence that strength training performed acutely alters hemodynamic variables. However, training with blood flow restriction is more efficient in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive individuals than training with moderate intensity.
Influence of Resistance Training on Blood Pressure in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Menopause
Authors: Cardoso Glêbia Alexa , Silva Alexandre Sérgio , Araújo de Souza Alesandra , Pereira dos Santos Marcos Antônio , Brito da Silva Raquel Suelen , Mateus de Lacerda Lavoisiana , Motae Maria Paula 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This study investigated the chronic and acute influence of resistance exercise on blood pressure in women with metabolic syndrome before and after climacteric. Twenty sedentary women, nine non-menopausal (RNM) and 11 menopausal (RM), performed training for 12 weeks. Meanwhile, 23 controls, 11 not menopausal (CNM) and 12 menopausal (CM), remained sedentary. Blood pressure was measured before and after the training period in conditions of rest and after a session of exercise. Training promoted variations in blood pressure at rest from 116±13 to 118±10 mmHg (p=0.73) and from 128±12 mmHg to 120±11mmHg (p=0.12) in RNM and RM, respectively. CNM and CM varied from 115±11 to 116±12 mmHg (p=0.9) and from 115±14 mmHg to 116±13 mmHg (p=0.74). Blood pressure values in one acute session did not differ between groups (p>0.05). Resistance training did not improve blood pressure in women with metabolic syndrome, regardless of climacteric.
The Swedish Drug Problem: Conceptual understanding and Problem Handling, 1839-2011
Authors: Edman Johan , Olsson Börje 
Published: February 2015

Aim To analyse the Swedish drug question by examining dominant concepts used to portray the problem in the years 1839-2011. Theoretically, we understand these concepts as ideological tools that shape the political initiatives and administrative efforts to deal with the problem. The study is based on two kinds of source material: articles in medical journals from the years 1839-1964 and public reports on vagrancy, the alcohol problem, mental health and the drug problem from the years 1882-2011. Findings During the nineteenth century and the first part of the twentieth century the drug problem remained an individual problem handled by doctors. When the Swedish drug problem was established as a political question from the 1960s on, it also came to disengage itself from the medical frame of understanding. Medically oriented descriptions of “dependence” and “addiction” have appeared adequate or attractive when, for example, the socially motivated coercive treatment solution has been discredited (as in the 1970s), when there has been a desire to connect with an internationally accepted terminology (as in the 1990s) or when a new organisational model with a stronger professional support has been on the agenda (as in the 2010s). But otherwise the social problem description has called for concepts that have more or less explicitly dissociated themselves from speculations in physiological or psychological predispositions for substance abuse.
Governmental Conceptions of the Drug Problem: A Review of Norwegian Governmental Papers 1965-2012
Authors: Skretting Astrid 
Published: February 2015

Background It is almost 50 years since the “new” drug problem appeared in Norway. How have central authorities conceived of the drug problem during these 50 years? On what have relevant policymaking and action been based? How has the government's conceptions of the drug problem been expressed over the years? Data White papers, action plans, bills etc. Results A review of the main policy documents shows how Norway adopted strict penal measures from the outset, while recognizing at the same time the need to apply an interdisciplinary approach to drug abuse and initiate various support measures for drug users alongside the penal measures. In recent years, there has been an increasing emphasis on seeing drug abuse as a health-related problem rather than one of control. Substance abuse is today perceived more in terms of dependency or as a disease, and harm reduction is increasingly seen as a pivotal aspect of policy. People with drug problems were known until recently as substance abusers, though the preferred term today is “drug dependents”. Conclusions As such, one could say, Norway seems to have developed a “schizophrenic” view of the drug problem. On the one hand, the health aspects of drug abuse are increasingly central to thinking, while on the other penalties for drug offenses remain high. This health/penalty loop in turn seems to prevent the government from softening its stance on penalties - even if such a move were considered appropriate.
Effects of Vibration Therapy on Immobilization-Induced Hypersensitivity in Rats
Authors: Hamaue Yohei , Nakano Jiro , Sekino Yuki , Chuganji Sayaka , Sakamoto Junya , Yoshimura Toshiro , Okita Minoru , Origuchi Tomoki 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundCast immobilization induces mechanical hypersensitivity, which disturbs rehabilitation. Although vibration therapy can reduce various types of pain, whether vibration reduces immobilization-induced hypersensitivity remains unclear.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of vibration therapy on immobilization-induced hypersensitivity.DesignThe experimental design of the study involved conducting behavioral, histological, and immunohistochemical studies in model rats.MethodsThirty-five Wistar rats (8 weeks old, all male) were used. The right ankle joints of 30 rats were immobilized by plaster cast for 8 weeks, and 5 rats were used as controls. The immobilized rats were divided randomly into the following 3 groups: (1) immobilization-only group (Im, n=10); (2) vibration therapy group 1, for which vibration therapy was initiated immediately after the onset of immobilization (Im+Vib1, n=10); and (3) vibration therapy group 2, for which vibration therapy was initiated 4 weeks after the onset of immobilization (Im+Vib2, n=10). Vibration was applied to the hind paw. The mechanical hypersensitivity and epidermal thickness of the hind paw skin were measured. To investigate central sensitization, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was analyzed.ResultsImmobilization-induced hypersensitivity was inhibited in the Im+Vib1 group but not in the Im+Vib2 group. Central sensitization, which was indicated by increases in CGRP expression in the spinal cord and the size of the area of CGRP-positive neurons in the DRG, was inhibited in only the Im+Vib1 group. Epidermal thickness was not affected by vibration stimulation.LimitationsA limitation of this study is that the results were limited to an animal model and cannot be generalized to humans.ConclusionsThe data suggest that initiation of vibration therapy in the early phase of immobilization may inhibit the development of immobilization-induced hypersensitivity.
Levels and Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Elderly People With Mild to Moderate Parkinson Disease
Authors: Benka Wallén Martin , Franzén Erika , Nero Håkan , Hagströmer Maria 
Published: February 2015

Background
Decreased movement ability, one of the hallmarks of Parkinson disease (PD), may lead to inadequate physical activity (PA) and excessive time spent in sedentary behaviors—2 factors associated with an elevated risk for lifestyle-related diseases, poor management of PD, and premature death. To identify the extent to which people with PD are physically active, a comprehensive characterization of PA in this population is needed.

Objective
The study objective was to describe levels and patterns of PA and sedentary behaviors in elderly people with PD.

Design
This cross-sectional study involved a free-living setting and 53 men and 42 women (mean age=73.4 years) with mild to moderate idiopathic PD.

Methods
Time spent in PA and sedentary behaviors was assessed for 1 week with accelerometers.

Results
Mean daily step counts were 4,765; participants spent 589 minutes in sedentary behaviors, 141 minutes in low-intensity activities, 30 minutes in moderate-intensity lifestyle activities, and 16 minutes in moderate- to vigorous-intensity ambulatory activities. No differences were found between weekdays and weekend days. Patterns were characterized by a rise in total PA in the morning, peaking between 10 am and 3 pm, and a gradual decline toward the late evening. The proportion achieving 150 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA per week was 27%, and 16% achieved 7,000 or more steps per day.

Limitations
Nonrandomized selection of participants may limit the generalizability of the results.

Conclusions
Physical activity levels were generally low, in terms of both total volume and intensity, with only minor variations over the course of a day or between days. These results emphasize the need to develop strategies to increase PA and reduce time spent in sedentary behaviors in elderly people with mild to moderate PD.
Reopening of an obstructed third ventriculostomy: long-term success and factors affecting outcome in 215 infants
Authors: Marano Paul J. , Stone Scellig S. D. , Mugamba John , Ssenyonga Peter , Warf Ezra B. , Warf Benjamin C. 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
The role of reopening an obstructed endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) as treatment for ETV failure is not well defined. The authors studied 215 children with ETV closure who underwent successful repeat ETV to determine the indications, long-term success, and factors affecting outcome.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed the CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda database from August 2001 through December 2012, identifying 215 children with failed ETV (with or without prior choroid plexus cauterization [CPC]) who underwent reopening of an obstructed ETV stoma. Treatment survival according to sex, age at first and second operation, time to failure of first operation, etiology of hydrocephalus, prior CPC, and mode of ETV obstruction (simple stoma closure, second membrane, or cisternal obstruction from arachnoid scarring) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival method. Survival differences among groups were assessed using log-rank and Wilcoxon methods and a Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS
There were 125 boys and 90 girls with mean and median ages of 229 and 92 days, respectively, at the initial ETV. Mean and median ages at repeat ETV were 347 and 180 days, respectively. Postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH) was the etiology in 126 patients, and nonpostinfectious hydrocephalus (NPIH) in 89. Overall estimated 7-year success for repeat ETV was 51%. Sex (p = 0.46, log-rank test; p = 0.54, Wilcoxon test), age (< vs > 6 months) at initial or repeat ETV (p = 0.08 initial, p = 0.13 repeat; log-rank test), and type of ETV obstruction (p = 0.61, log-rank test) did not affect outcome for repeat ETV (p values ≥ 0.05, Cox regression). Those with a longer time to failure of initial ETV (> 6 months 91%, 3–6 months 60%, < 3 months 42%, p < 0.01; log-rank test), postinfectious etiology (PIH 58% vs NPIH 42%, p = 0.02; log-rank and Wilcoxon tests) and prior CPC (p = 0.03, log-rank and Wilcoxon tests) had significantly better outcome.

CONCLUSIONS
Repeat ETV was successful in half of the patients overall, and was more successful in association with later failures, prior CPC, and PIH. Obstruction of the original ETV by secondary arachnoid scarring was not a negative prognostic factor, and should not discourage the surgeon from proceeding. Repeat ETV may be a more durable solution to failed ETV/CPC than shunt placement in this context, especially for failures at more than 3 months after the initial ETV. Some ETV closures may result from an inflammatory response that is less robust at the second operation.
Posterior thoracic laminoplasty with dorsal, intradural identification of ventral defect and transdural discectomy for a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak: case report
Authors: Pricola Fehnel Katie , Borges Lawrence F. 
Published: February 2015

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) has been increasingly reported in the literature concomitant with the improved sensitivity of imaging modalities. Although typically associated with meningeal weakening, a handful of cases of SIH secondary to thoracic disc osteophytes have been reported. Five of 7 reported cases were treated with epidural blood patch (EBP) alone while 2 required surgical management. There is no standard operative approach; both anterior and posterolateral approaches can be cumbersome and associated with morbidity, particularly in young, healthy patients. The authors report a case of SIH in which a ventral dural tear secondary to a calcified thoracic disc was repaired via posterior thoracic laminoplasty with dorsal durotomy and intradural exposure of the ventral defect with transdural discectomy followed by primary closure.
A 34-year-old man presented with low-pressure headaches following axial load injury from a ski accident 5 years earlier. The patient's symptoms were refractory to a trial of conservative treatment and EBP, and he developed bilateral upper-extremity paresthesias. MRI of the spine demonstrated an extrathecal collection spanning the thoracic spine, and dynamic CT myelography identified contrast extravasation adjacent to a calcified paramedian disc at T9–10. The patient underwent posterior laminoplasty with neuromonitoring. A ventral dural defect was visualized via a dorsal durotomy, the penetrating disc osteophyte was removed transdurally, and the ventral and dorsal dura maters were closed primarily. Both somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were unchanged during surgery. The patient has remained asymptomatic more than 10 months postoperatively and he has resumed work as a surgeon.
Cases of SIH secondary to a calcified thoracic disc are rare with little precedent as to optimal surgical intervention. This case illustrates the potential usefulness of posterior laminectomy in nonmyelopathic patients in whom there is no evidence of canal compromise and for whom neuromonitoring is available. Additionally, surgeon experience and patient preference may guide surgical planning.