bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education, Self‐Management, and Upper Extremity Exercise Training in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Manning Victoria L. , Hurley Michael V. , Scott David L. , Coker Bolaji , Choy Ernest , Bearne Lindsay M. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a brief supervised education, self‐management, and global upper extremity exercise training program, supplementing a home exercise regimen, for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; the Education, Self‐Management, and Upper Extremity Exercise Training in People with Rheumatoid Arthritis [EXTRA] program).MethodsAdults with RA of ≤5 years' duration were randomized to receive either usual care or the EXTRA program comprising 4 (1‐hour) group education, self‐management, and global upper extremity exercise training sessions supplementing the first 2 weeks of a 12‐week individualized, functional home exercise regimen in addition to usual care. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, 12 weeks (primary end point), and 36 weeks and included the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (primary outcome measure), the Grip Ability Test, handgrip strength (N), the Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale (pain, function, and symptoms subscales), and the 28‐joint Disease Activity Score.ResultsOne hundred eight participants (26 men, mean ± SD age 55 ± 15 years, mean ± SD disease duration 20 ± 19 months) were randomized to receive either usual care (n = 56) or the EXTRA program (n = 52). At 12 weeks, there was a significant between‐group difference in the mean change in disability (−6.8 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −12.6, −1.0]; P = 0.022), function (−3.0 [95% CI −5.0, −0.5]; P = 0.011), nondominant handgrip strength (31.3N [95% CI 9.8, 52.8]; P = 0.009), self‐efficacy (10.5 [95% CI 1.6, 19.5]; P = 0.021 for pain and 9.3 [95% CI 0.5, 18.2]; P = 0.039 for symptoms), and disease activity (−0.7 [95% CI −1.4, 0.0]; P = 0.047), all favoring the EXTRA program.ConclusionThe EXTRA program improves upper extremity disability, function, handgrip strength, and self‐efficacy in people with RA, with no adverse effects on disease activity.
The solution behavior of hydrophobically associating zwitterionic polymer in salt water
Authors: Chen Hong , Wang Zi‐Min , Ye Zhong‐Bin , Han Li‐Juan 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe acrylamide‐based hydrophobically associating zwitterionic polymer was prepared, which was composed of dimethyl‐dodecyl‐allyl ammonium chloride as hydrophobic group and carboxyl betaine 2‐(4‐acrylamido‐propyl‐dimethyl ammonic)‐sodium acetate as functional group. Hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide (HAPAM) was also prepared for comparative study. The behaviors of polymers in pure water and salt solutions were investigated by the means of apparent viscosity test, laser light scattering, atomic force microscope, and fluorescence experiments. The viscosities of polymer solution increased with the increasing of salt concentration, which indicated that the addition of salt resulted in significant antipolyelectrolyte effect in the zwitterionic polymer solution. The results of dynamic laser light scattering experiment also showed that the average hydrodynamic diameters of the zwitterionic polymer molecules increased with the increasing of salt concentration. The network structures had been observed by atomic force microscope and the addition of salt strengthened the formation of network structures. The results of fluorescence experiment showed that the addition of salt could enhance the association of hyrophobically zwitterionic polymer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39707.
Preparation and characterization of polyamide 6/liquid natural rubber blends
Authors: Shashidhara G. M. , Pradeepa K. G. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis study presents a new approach to toughen Polyamide 6 (PA6) by using a low‐molecular weight liquid natural rubber (LNR). The LNR is prepared by mastication of pale latex crepe in the presence of 0.5 phr Peptizol 7. The PA6/LNR blend samples are characterized in terms melt flow index, hardness, abrasion resistance, impact strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and thermal properties. The impact strength of PA6 increases by about 67% upon addition of 10% LNR. The percolation model is applied to study of brittle to ductile transition. The percolation threshold for the brittle to ductile transition of the blend was found to be 14.5 wt % LNR, corresponding to the critical volume fraction of the stress volume, Vsc = 0.58, which is consistent with the calculated value of ≈ π/6. The PA6/LNR blends exhibit cavitation and matrix shear yielding, which would be the main contribution to the increases impact strength. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39750.
Seamless correction of the sickle cell disease mutation of the HBB gene in human induced pluripotent stem cells using TALENs
Authors: Sun Ning , Zhao Huimin 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTSickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common human genetic disease which is caused by a single mutation of human β‐globin (HBB) gene. The lack of long‐term treatment makes the development of reliable cell and gene therapies highly desirable. Disease‐specific patient‐derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have great potential for developing novel cell and gene therapies. With the disease‐causing mutations corrected in situ, patient‐derived hiPSCs can restore normal cell functions and serve as a renewable autologous cell source for the treatment of genetic disorders. Here we successfully utilized transcription activator‐like effector nucleases (TALENs), a recently emerged novel genome editing tool, to correct the SCD mutation in patient‐derived hiPSCs. The TALENs we have engineered are highly specific and generate minimal off‐target effects. In combination with piggyBac transposon, TALEN‐mediated gene targeting leaves no residual ectopic sequences at the site of correction and the corrected hiPSCs retain full pluripotency and a normal karyotype. Our study demonstrates an important first step of using TALENs for the treatment of genetic diseases such as SCD, which represents a significant advance toward hiPSC‐based cell and gene therapies. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1048–1053. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subxiphoid pericardial window to exclude occult cardiac injury after penetrating thoracoabdominal trauma
Authors: Hommes M , Nicol A J , van der Stok J , Kodde I , Navsaria P H 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
An occult cardiac injury may be present in patients with an acute abdomen after penetrating thoracoabdominal trauma. This study assessed the use of a subxiphoid pericardial window (SPW) as a diagnostic manoeuvre in this setting.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of a trauma database (2001–2009). Patients presenting with a penetrating thoracoabdominal injury with an acute abdomen, and in whom there was concern about a potential cardiac injury from the site or tract of the injury, were included.

Results
Fifty patients with an indication for emergency laparotomy underwent a SPW for a possible cardiac injury. An occult haemopericardium was present at SPW in 14 patients (28 per cent) mandating, median sternotomy. Nine cardiac injuries (18 per cent) were identified including five tangential injuries and four perforations. The specific complication rate relating to the SPW was 2 per cent.

Conclusion
The SPW is a useful technique at laparotomy to identify cardiac injuries in patients with penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries.
Predictors of 30‐Day Readmission in Patients Hospitalized With Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Hernandez Marlow B. , Schwartz Randall S. , Asher Craig R. , Navas Elsy V. , Totfalusi Victor , Buitrago Ivan , Lahoti Ankush , Novaro Gian M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospitalizations and readmissions in the United States. Approximately one‐third of patients admitted for HF are readmitted within 3 months; however, there are few markers that can identify those at highest risk for readmission. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical and laboratory markers associated with hospital readmission in decompensated HF.HypothesisClinical and laboratory markers are associated with readmission rates in decompensated HF.MethodsClinical and laboratory data from 412 patients admitted with HF were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression analysis to find predictors of HF readmission by 30 days.ResultsHF readmission rates at 30 days were lowest in those with at least 2 of the following discharge criteria: net fluid reduction >1.3 L (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27, P = 0.019), serum sodium level >135 (OR: 0.46, P = 0.034), and N‐terminal brain natriuretic peptide level reduction >23% (OR: 0.11, P = 0.048). In multivariate analysis, those patients meeting ≥2 criteria had a very low risk of 30‐day readmission (OR: 0.10, 95% confidence interval: 0.01‐0.68, P = 0.019) compared to patients who failed to meet 2 criteria.ConclusionsA negative fluid balance, normal serum sodium, and net reduction in N‐terminal brain natriuretic peptide level during hospitalization may be important indices to target to help reduce the likelihood of HF readmission within 30 days.
Probing Rapidly‐Ionizing Super‐Atom Molecular Orbitals in C60: A Computational and Femtosecond Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Mignolet Benoît , Johansson J. Olof , Campbell Eleanor E. B. , Remacle Françoise 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSuper‐atom molecular orbitals (SAMOs) are diffuse hydrogen‐like orbitals defined by the shallow potential at the centre of hollow molecules such as fullerenes. The SAMO excited states differ from the Rydberg states by the significant electronic density present inside the carbon cage. We provide a detailed computational study of SAMO and Rydberg states and an experimental characterization of SAMO excited electronic states for gas‐phase C60 molecules by photoelectron spectroscopy. A large band of 500 excited states was computed using time‐dependent density functional theory. We show that due to their diffuse character, the photoionization widths of the SAMO and Rydberg states are orders of magnitude larger than those of the isoenergetic non‐SAMO excited states. Moreover, in the range of kinetic energies experimentally measured, only the SAMO states photoionize significantly on the timescale of the femtosecond laser experiments. Single photon ionization of the SAMO states dominates the photoelectron spectrum for relatively low laser intensities. The computed photoelectron spectra and photoelectron angular distributions are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Extensive sampling of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Northwest Passage (Canadian Arctic Archipelago) reveals population differentiation across multiple spatial and temporal scales
Authors: Campagna Leonardo , Van Coeverden de Groot Peter J. , Saunders Brenda L. , Atkinson Stephen N. , Weber Diana S. , Dyck Markus G. , Boag Peter T. , Lougheed Stephen C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAs global warming accelerates the melting of Arctic sea ice, polar bears (Ursus maritimus) must adapt to a rapidly changing landscape. This process will necessarily alter the species distribution together with population dynamics and structure. Detailed knowledge of these changes is crucial to delineating conservation priorities. Here, we sampled 361 polar bears from across the center of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago spanning the Gulf of Boothia (GB) and M'Clintock Channel (MC). We use DNA microsatellites and mitochondrial control region sequences to quantify genetic differentiation, estimate gene flow, and infer population history. Two populations, roughly coincident with GB and MC, are significantly differentiated at both nuclear (FST = 0.01) and mitochondrial (ΦST = 0.47; FST = 0.29) loci, allowing Bayesian clustering analyses to assign individuals to either group. Our data imply that the causes of the mitochondrial and nuclear genetic patterns differ. Analysis of mtDNA reveals the matrilineal structure dates at least to the Holocene, and is common to individuals throughout the species’ range. These mtDNA differences probably reflect both genetic drift and historical colonization dynamics. In contrast, the differentiation inferred from microsatellites is only on the scale of hundreds of years, possibly reflecting contemporary impediments to gene flow. Taken together, our data suggest that gene flow is insufficient to homogenize the GB and MC populations and support the designation of GB and MC as separate polar bear conservation units. Our study also provide a striking example of how nuclear DNA and mtDNA capture different aspects of a species demographic history.
Uncommon 1,2‐Migration of a Nitro Group Within a β‐Nitrostyryl Moiety: Synthetic Scope and Mechanistic Details
Authors: Bianchi Lara , Ghelfi Franco , Giorgi Gianluca , Maccagno Massimo , Petrillo Giovanni , Spinelli Domenico , Stenta Marco , Tavani Cinzia 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe unusual migration of a nitro group from the β‐ to the α‐position of a β‐aryl‐α‐nitroethenyl moiety, following a nitrocyclopropane to isoxazoline N‐oxide isomerization, has been studied from a mechanistic and synthetic points of view. As a result, two series of isomeric isoxazoline N‐oxides could be obtained under controlled conditions. When reacted with diazomethane, a model transposed isoxazoline cleanly furnished a new, interesting pyrazolylisoxazole.
Free rocking response of a regular stone masonry wall with equivalent block approach: experimental and analytical evaluation
Authors: Costa Alexandre A. , Arêde António , Penna Andrea , Costa Aníbal 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThe evaluation of the dynamic behaviour of rocking elements is directly correlated to the energy dissipated because of the impacts at the base interface, which can be represented by means of a coefficient of restitution. This schematization is commonly accepted as representative of the out‐of‐plane response of stone masonry walls. An experimental campaign (in a lab environment) aiming at assessing the value of this coefficient for a sacco granite masonry wall is presented in this work. The rocking motion at a predefined bed joint level was induced in the tested specimens in order to validate a novel test setup designed to assess the coefficient of restitution value by means of a realistic reproduction of the rocking behaviour of a single element, under the hypothesis of an infinitely stiff system above the bed joint level.As the main objective of the work was to assess the rocking behaviour of a masonry wall that looses energy at the impacts at a certain joint level, the flexural behaviour was not desirable and had to be avoided. For this purpose, a test setup based on the equivalent block approach was developed.In the final section of this work, comparisons between experimental and numerical results are presented together with some preliminary conclusions on the appropriate modelling strategy and the values of the coefficient of restitution to be used for the seismic assessment of the out‐of‐plane rocking behaviour of this type of sacco stone masonry walls. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbonate ion concentrations, ocean carbon storage, and atmospheric CO2
Authors: Goodwin Philip , Lauderdale Jonathan Maitland 
Published: August 2013

AbstractReconstructing past ocean [CO32−] allows the paleodepth of the chemical lysocline to be constrained, an important control on past atmospheric CO2. However, the causal mechanisms responsible for observed spatial and temporal variations in [CO32−] are difficult to quantify because of the complicated carbonate chemistry system. Here spatial and temporal variations in [CO32−] are quantitatively and concisely related to variations in ocean carbon storage due to different processes. The spatial variation in [CO32−] is given by Δ[CO32−] = γ(ΔCsoft + ΔCdis + (∂Csat/∂T)ΔT − ΔCcarb), where Csoft and Ccarb are the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from remineralization of marine soft tissue and CaCO3, respectively, T is seawater temperature, (∂Csat/∂T) is the temperature‐solubility sensitivity of DIC, Cdis is the DIC from air‐sea disequilibrium, and γ is a carbonate chemistry coefficient. A similar quantitative function for temporal variation in global mean ocean [CO32−] is derived in terms of atmospheric CO2, CaCO3 precipitation and dissolution, and carbon exchanges of terrestrial or fossil fuel origin. Comparing published [CO32−] reconstructions at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the late Holocene, the quantitative relationships reveal how the spatial distribution of ocean carbon storage was altered. Relative to the Intermediate North Atlantic, the rest of the ocean saw Csoft + Cdis + (∂Csat/∂T)T − Ccarb increase by an extra 570–970 Pg C during the LGM. Assuming that the Intermediate North Atlantic Csoft + Cdis + (∂Csat/∂T)T − Ccarb did not decrease during the LGM, this 570–970 Pg C increase in the rest of the ocean is enough to explain 40%–70% of the observed glacial decrease in atmospheric CO2.
Gas hydrate formation rates from dissolved‐phase methane in porous laboratory specimens
Authors: Waite W. F. , Spangenberg E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMarine sands highly saturated with gas hydrates are potential energy resources, likely forming from methane dissolved in pore water. Laboratory fabrication of gas hydrate‐bearing sands formed from dissolved‐phase methane usually requires 1–2 months to attain the high hydrate saturations characteristic of naturally occurring energy resource targets. A series of gas hydrate formation tests, in which methane‐supersaturated water circulates through 100, 240, and 200,000 cm3 vessels containing glass beads or unconsolidated sand, show that the rate‐limiting step is dissolving gaseous‐phase methane into the circulating water to form methane‐supersaturated fluid. This implies that laboratory and natural hydrate formation rates are primarily limited by methane availability. Developing effective techniques for dissolving gaseous methane into water will increase formation rates above our observed (1 ± 0.5) × 10−7 mol of methane consumed for hydrate formation per minute per cubic centimeter of pore space, which corresponds to a hydrate saturation increase of 2 ± 1% per day, regardless of specimen size.
Methane emissions estimate from airborne measurements over a western United States natural gas field
Authors: Karion Anna , Sweeney Colm , Pétron Gabrielle , Frost Gregory , Michael Hardesty R. , Kofler Jonathan , Miller Ben R. , Newberger Tim , Wolter Sonja , Banta Robert , Brewer Alan , Dlugokencky Ed , Lang Patricia , Montzka Stephen A. , Schnell Russell , Tans Pieter , Trainer Michael , Zamora Robert , Conley Stephen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMethane (CH4) emissions from natural gas production are not well quantified and have the potential to offset the climate benefits of natural gas over other fossil fuels. We use atmospheric measurements in a mass balance approach to estimate CH4 emissions of 55 ± 15 × 103 kg h−1 from a natural gas and oil production field in Uintah County, Utah, on 1 day: 3 February 2012. This emission rate corresponds to 6.2%–11.7% (1σ) of average hourly natural gas production in Uintah County in the month of February. This study demonstrates the mass balance technique as a valuable tool for estimating emissions from oil and gas production regions and illustrates the need for further atmospheric measurements to determine the representativeness of our single‐day estimate and to better assess inventories of CH4 emissions.
Variations in cutoff latitude during the January 2012 solar proton event and implication for the distribution of particle energy deposition
Authors: Nesse Tyssøy H. , Stadsnes J. , Søraas F. , Sørbø M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractProtons in the energy range 1–20 MeV deposit most of their energy in the middle atmosphere (60–100 km). Knowledge of their magnetic latitudinal and local time distribution is crucial for determining their effect on the chemistry and dynamics in the atmosphere. Using POES 16–19 and METOP02 satellites, we investigate the latitudinal cutoff boundaries and the energy deposition during the January 2012 solar proton event. The dayside cutoff latitudes show high correlation with the Dst index even when Dst turns positive, leading to an abrupt poleward movement of more than 5°. In the same time interval, the nightside cutoff latitudes move equatorward resulting in vastly asymmetric energy deposition into the atmosphere on the dayside and nightside. The differences are sustained for almost a day in the middle atmosphere at 65° corrected geomagnetic latitude. These features cannot be taken into account by applying the frequently used GOES particle data.
Impact of known local and tropical volcanic eruptions of the past millennium on the WAIS Divide microparticle record
Authors: Koffman Bess G. , Kreutz Karl J. , Kurbatov Andrei V. , Dunbar Nelia W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe present a new method for inferring the relative location (low‐ versus high‐southern latitude), and therefore the potential climatic impact, of past eruptions based on the particle size distribution (PSD) of micrometer‐sized ash measured continuously in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core. We find that particles from a high‐southern latitude eruption (Buckle Island, Antarctica (1839 Common Era, C.E.)) have a PSD with mode diameter ≥5 µm coarser than the background dust (mode 5.1 µm), while ash particles originating from stratospheric tropical eruptions, including Tambora (1815 C.E.), Kuwae (1458 C.E.), and Unknown (1258 C.E.), have PSDs with mode diameters ~0.6–1.5 µm finer than the background. In addition, volcanic ash particles from global‐scale eruptions are deposited ~3–6 months earlier and over a shorter time interval than sulfate aerosols. We hypothesize that this phasing is driven by differences in atmospheric processing and aerosol/particle transport and deposition.
Real‐time monitoring of circulating tumor cell release during tumor manipulation using in vivo photoacoustic and fluorescent flow cytometry
Authors: Juratli Mazen A. , Sarimollaoglu Mustafa , Siegel Eric R. , Nedosekin Dmitry A. , Galanzha Ekaterina I. , Suen James Y. , Zharov Vladimir P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) form metastases in distant organs. The purpose of this research was to determine if tumor manipulation could enhance cancer cell release from the primary tumor into the circulatory system.MethodsNude mice were inoculated with melanoma or breast cancer cells. The implanted tumor underwent compression, biopsy, complete resection, or laser treatment. CTCs were monitored in the bloodstream using in vivo photoacoustic and fluorescence flow cytometry.ResultsWe discovered that pressure, biopsy, and laser treatment can dramatically increase CTC counts (up to 60‐fold), whereas proper tumor resection significantly decrease CTC counts.ConclusionStandard medical procedures could trigger CTC release that may increase the risk of metastases. This finding suggests the guidance of cancer treatment and likely diagnosis by real‐time monitoring of CTC dynamics followed by well‐timed treatment to reduce CTCs in the blood. In vivo detection of intervention‐amplified CTCs could be used for early diagnosis of a small tumor, which is undetectable with conventional methods. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1207–1215, 2014