bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for Delivering Local Anesthetics to the Skin: Focus on Liposomes, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, Hydrogels and Patches
Authors: de Araujo Daniele R. , da Silva Deyse C. , Barbosa Raquel M. , Franz‐Montan Michelle , Cereda Cintia M. S. , Padula Cristina , Santi Patrizia , de Paula Eneida 
Published: July 2014

AbstractReview: 118 refs.
Tablet Production – Energy Dissipation and Temperature Increase
Authors: Gilson Laurent , Bröckel Ulrich 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDie Tablettierung führt, ähnlich wie Zerkleinerungsvorgänge, zu Temperaturerhöhungen im Produkt und zur Erwärmung der Tablettenpresse, da die eingetragene Energie größtenteils als Wärme dissipiert wird. In Abhängigkeit von Presskraft und Schmiermittelanteil wird der zeitliche Verlauf der Erwärmung dargestellt und anhand der berechneten maximalen Tablettentemperatur bewertet. Zwei unterschiedliche Messverfahren werden präsentiert und verglichen.
Quantifying Water Pollution Sources in a Small Tile‐drained Agricultural Watershed
Authors: Fučík Petr , Hejduk Tomáš , Peterková Jana 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper evaluates the quantity and quality dynamics of surface and drainage waters in a small, 7.1 km2 agricultural watershed, located in the crystalline complex of the Czech Republic. Concentrations and monthly solute loads of amonium nitrogen (NH4‐N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3‐N), phosphate phosphorus (PO4‐P) and total phosphorus (Ptot) from ten watershed's subcatchments with different soil, land use and tile drainage characteristics were compared for the period March–October from 2009 to 2011. The results and relevant processes were described using regular monitoring as well as event‐based sampling approaches, methods of runoff separation and regression techniques. The average baseflow comprised 35–50%, whereas interflow and overland flow were 50–65% of the total runoff. The highest concentrations of NO3‐N were detected in waters originating from cultivated and tiled subcatchments; those of NH4‐N, PO4‐P and Ptot came from subcatchments containing settlements and water ponds. In the monitored sites within the watershed, non‐point pollution sources produced on average 23% of NH4‐N, approximately 45% of NO3‐N, 24% of PO4‐P and about 26% of Ptot of total monthly solute loads. The differences in the share of monitored subcatchments in the total load from non‐point pollution sources varied from month to month and were caused mainly by miscellaneous hydrological conditions and natural as well as man‐altered runoff characteristics. The obtained results confirmed that used methods count for a useful approach for discerning water pollution sources and their dynamics in small, tile drained watersheds.
Explaining Fullerene Dispersion by using Micellar Solutions
Authors: Dallavalle Marco , Leonzio Marco , Calvaresi Matteo , Zerbetto Francesco 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn effective computational strategy to describe the dispersion of C60 by surfactants is presented. The influence of parameters such as surfactant concentration and molecular length on the final morphology of the system is explored to explain the experimental results and to understand the incorporation of C60 inside micelles. Both neutral and charged amphiphilic molecules are simulated. The long‐discussed problem of the location of fullerenes in micelles is addressed and C60 is found in the hydrocarbon‐chain region of the micelles. If the available hydrophobic space increases, C60 is localized in the inner part of the micellar core. Short, charged amphiphilic stabilizers are more efficient at dispersing fullerenes monomolecularly. Two different phases of C60 are observed as the C60/surfactant ratio varies. In the first, aggregates of C60 are entrapped inside the micelles, whereas, in the second, colloidal nanoC60 is formed with surfactants adsorbed on the surface.
Cooperative beamforming and relay selection in cognitive radio systems
Authors: Abbasi‐Jannatabad M. , Khoshbin H. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, a new scheme is suggested for cooperative beamforming (BF) and relay selection in CR networks, where a pair of secondary users communicates with each other assisted by some multiple antenna relay nodes. The goal of the algorithm is to maximize signal to interference plus noise ratio of secondary user receiver subject to limited interference caused for primary user receiver and power constraints of relay nodes. The relay selection and BF optimization problem is solved separately by employing convex semidefinite programming through rank‐one relaxation. It is shown that our proposed algorithm outperforms conventional relay selection and BF schemes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cux1 and Cux2 selectively target basal and apical dendritic compartments of layer II‐III cortical neurons
Authors: Cubelos Beatriz , Briz Carlos G. , Esteban‐Ortega Gemma María , Nieto Marta 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA number of recent reports implicate the differential regulation of apical and basal dendrites in autism disorders and in the higher functions of the human brain. They show that apical and basal dendrites are functionally specialized and that mechanisms regulating their development have important consequences for neuron function. The molecular identity of layer II‐III neurons of the cerebral cortex is determined by the overlapping expression of Cux1 and Cux2. We previously showed that both Cux1 and Cux2 are necessary and nonredundant for normal dendrite development of layer II‐III neurons. Loss of function of either gene reduced dendrite arbors, while overexpression increased dendritic complexity and suggested additive functions. We herein characterize the function of Cux1 and Cux2 in the development of apical and basal dendrites. By in vivo loss and gain of function analysis, we show that while the expression level of either Cux1 or Cux2 influences both apical and basal dendrites, they have distinct effects. Changes in Cux1 result in a marked effect on the development of the basal compartment whereas modulation of Cux2 has a stronger influence on the apical compartment. These distinct effects of Cux genes might account for the functional diversification of layer II‐III neurons into different subpopulations, possibly with distinct connectivity patterns and modes of neuron response. Our data suggest that by their differential effects on basal and apical dendrites, Cux1 and Cux2 can promote the integration of layer II‐III neurons in the intracortical networks in highly specific ways. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 163–172, 2015
The impact of Three Gorges Dam on the downstream eco‐hydrological environment and vegetation distribution of East Dongting Lake
Authors: Xie Yong‐hong , Yue Tang , Xin‐sheng Chen , Feng Li , Zheng‐miao Deng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe ecological and environmental consequences of large dam projects have received increasing attention in the recent decades. On the basis of daily water‐level data, six periods of TM/ETM+ data and a digital elevation model, the eco‐hydrological environments and vegetation area of East Dongting Lake, were compared for the years 1995–2011, spanning periods before and after the implementation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in 2003. Vegetation area (including three types: forestry, reed and grass) continuously expanded, and the minimum elevation of vegetation‐covered area (VCA) gradually decreased by 0·88 m from 1995 to 2011. Following the implementation of the TGD, the rates of both vegetation expansion (12·3 vs 14·1 km2 year−1) and the lowering of minimum elevation of VCA (3·1 vs 7·9 cm year−1) increased rapidly. Monthly water level decreased considerably from July to November, and annual submergence duration at elevations of 22–26 and 30 m was considerably decreased after the TGD was implemented. The average maximum submergence duration of VCA was 231 days. Almost equal linear equations describing elevation change from 1995 to 2011 indicated that the minimum elevation of VCA identified via analysis of TM/ETM+ images can be represented by the maximum submergence duration evaluated via daily water level. These data indicate that vegetation colonized the non‐vegetation area (including mud beach or water body) more quickly after the implementation of the TGD, due to the drastic changes in eco‐hydrological environments such as the decreasing water level and the minimum elevation of VCA. The present methodology might allow faster and more reliable assessment of inundation related landscape impacts on a basin scale and thereby contribute to biodiversity monitoring and policy assessment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordination Cluster Analogues of the High‐Spin [Mn19] System with Functionalized 2,6‐Bis(hydroxymethyl)phenol Ligands
Authors: Mameri Samir , Ako Ayuk M. , Yesil Fatma , Hibert Marcel , Lan Yanhua , Anson Christopher E. , Powell Annie K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA series of 2,6‐bis(hydroxymethyl)‐4‐R‐phenol ligands (H3LR; R = H, F, Cl, Br, I, Ph, NH2, NO2, SMe) have either been newly synthesized or the existing syntheses have been significantly improved to investigate ligand‐functionalized analogues of the previously published coordination cluster [MnIII12MnII7(μ4‐O)8(μ3‐N3)8(HLMe)12(MeCN)6]Cl2·10MeOH·MeCN (1) with S = 83/2. The crystal structures and magnetic properties of three such Mn19 clusters, namely, [MnIII12MnII7(μ4‐O)8(HLH)12(μ3‐Cl)7(μ3‐OMe)(MeOH)6]Cl2·16H2O·10MeOH·MeCN (3), [MnIII12MnII7(μ4‐O)8(HLI)12(μ3‐N3)8(MeOH)6](O2CH)2·16MeOH·10MeCN (4) and [MnIII12MnII7(μ4‐O)8(μ3‐Cl)7.7(μ3‐OMe)0.3(HLSMe)12(MeOH)6]Cl2·27MeOH (5) are reported and compared to those of the parent cluster. When these ligands are functionalized with substituents of moderate electronegativity, it is possible to synthesize Mn19 analogues; however, when such ligands bear highly electron‐donating (amino) or ‐withdrawing (nitro) substituents, the Mn19 analogues are no longer accessible. The Mn19 cluster framework is both magnetically and structurally robust with respect to the electron‐donor/acceptor characteristics of the ligand substituent; therefore, the Mn19 system is an excellent platform for peripheral chemical engineering.
Regiospecific Synthesis of 7‐Hydroxyindoles from Pyrroles by Anionic Benzannulation
Authors: Dinda Bidyut Kumar , Basak Shyam , Mal Dipakranjan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAnionic annulation of appropriate 2,3‐disubstituted pyrroles with Michael acceptors provides an expedient route to densely substituted 7‐hydroxyindoles. Intrinsic to the methodology, the resulting substituents are disposed in a fully regiocontrolled manner. The methodology is applicable to the synthesis of 7‐hydroxybenzofurans. None of the indoles/benzofurans or pyrrole synthons synthesized in this study have hitherto been reported.
A New Cells‐Compatible Microfluidic Device for Single Channel Recordings
Authors: Zanetti Manuela , Maniglio Devid , Fasoli Cristian , Pola Marco , Borga Elisa , Corradi Claudio , Dalla Serra Mauro , Iannotta Salvatore , Motta Antonella , Toccoli Tullio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe report the fabrication of a microfluidic apparatus and the realization of a sensors based on PEDOT : PSS, a biocompatible semiconductor polymer used in substitution of standard electrodes for electrophysiological studies and for detection of nanopores in membrane. This gives the possibility to study the mechanisms of ions balance and molecular transport though cell membranes. In particular the apparatus is based on two chambers connected through an aperture in a PTFE sheet where lipid bilayer are formed using Montal‐Mueller method, and the pore‐forming proteins activity is detected by polymeric electrodes. This methodology could be applied to examine different membrane proteins for the purpose of biosensing, drug screening and nanopore technologies.
Electrochemical Behavior of Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on Pd‐Nanoparticles Decorated Ionic Liquid Derived Fibrillated Mesoporous Carbon
Authors: Haghighi Behzad , Karimi Babak , Tavahodi Mojtaba , Behzadneia Hesam 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPd nanoparticles with an average diameter of 5 nm were decorated on the surface of ionic liquid derived fibrillated mesoporous carbon (IFMC) to prepare a novel nano‐hybrid material (Pd@IFMC). Thereafter, glucose oxidase was immobilized on Pd@IFMC modified glassy carbon electrode to fabricate an enzymatic glucose biosensor. A pair of well‐defined redox peaks was recorded for direct electron transfer of the immobilized glucose oxidase at the formal potential of − 0.418 V with a peak to peak separation of 25 mV. Electron transfer rate constant of was calculated to be 14.6 s−1. The response of fabricated biosensor was linear towards glucose concentration.
Sociocultural Risk Factors for Compulsive Exercise: A Prospective Study of Adolescents
Authors: Goodwin Huw , Haycraft Emma , Meyer Caroline 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe risk factors for compulsive exercise are unknown. This study aims to explore longitudinal sociocultural risk factors for compulsive exercise, using a 12‐month prospective design. A sample of 332 male and female adolescents (aged 13–15 years at baseline) completed self‐report measures of sociocultural risk factors and compulsive exercise at baseline and eating disorder psychopathology and compulsive exercise at 12‐month follow‐up assessment. Hierarchical regressions found that family and peer messages to become more muscular predicted compulsive exercise in boys, whereas feeling pressure from the media to be thin was a significant predictor of compulsive exercise in girls. These relationships remained significant when controlling for eating disorder psychopathology but became nonsignificant when initial levels of compulsive exercise were entered into the model. The findings suggest that sociocultural risk factors may contribute to the development of compulsive exercise but future research should utilise a younger sample and employ a longer follow‐up period to identify true longitudinal effects. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
l‐carvone‐loaded nanofibrous membrane as a fragrance delivery system: fabrication, characterization and in vitro study
Authors: Ramamoorthy Manjula , Rajiv Sheeja 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe present work reports the fabrication of a fragrance delivery system using nanofibres by an electrospinning method. Fragrant oils are volatile essential oils that easily undergo degradation and evaporation. Nanostructured fibres of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) were prepared by an electrospinning process. In this study, l‐carvone was used as a model fragrant oil, and it can be used as an air‐freshening agent. l‐carvone (5 wt%) loaded PVA solution (10 wt%) (C‐PVA) and PCL solution (13 wt%) (C‐PCL) were electrospun into nanofibres. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the incorporation of essential oil l‐carvone in PVA and PCL solution caused the resulting as‐spun fibre to be non‐uniform, and the average diameter was found to increase from 100–190 nm to 230–400 nm for the PVA mat and from 300–500 nm to 390–800 nm for the PCL mat. The functional group, crystallinity and thermal stability of prepared electrospun nanofibres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements. The degree of crystallinity of electrospun PVA, C‐PVA, PCL and C‐PCL was found to be 10.46%, 7.4%, 56.16% and 53.41% respectively. The in vitro release of l‐carvone from the prepared electrospun fibres was conducted at 30 ± 0.2°C for 24 h by both the encapsulation and imbibition methods. The maximum release of l‐carvone (5 wt%) was observed to be 61% and 64.1% from PVA nanofibres and 36% and 48.4% from PCL nanofibres by the encapsulation and imbibition methods respectively. These results show the potential of the prepared electrospun l‐carvone‐loaded PVA and PCL nanofibrous membrane in the fragrance delivery system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of fermented sheepmeat sausage
Authors: Lu Yanjun , Young Owen A. , Brooks John D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of fermented, cured sausages made from equivalent muscle groups of beef, pork, and sheepmeat. The last has no commercial examples and represents an unexploited opportunity. Using seven replicates of shoulder meat and subcutaneous fat, sausages were made with 64%, 29%, 4%, 2%, 0.2%, and 0.01% of lean meat, fat, NaCl, glucose, sodium pyrophosphate, and lactic culture, respectively. Following anaerobic fermentation (96 h, 30°C), there were no significant differences between the species in mean texture (hardness, springiness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness) and pH, and only minor differences were seen in color. However, although not consumer tested, it is argued that consumers would be able to pick a texture difference due to different fat melting point ranges, highest for sheepmeat. This work was followed by a sensory experiment to find out if characteristic sheepmeat flavors could be suppressed to appeal to unhabituated consumers. To simulate a very strongly characteristic sheepmeat, beef sausage mixtures (above) were spiked, or not, with 4‐methyloctanoic, 4‐methylnonanoic acid, and skatole (5.0, 0.35, and 0.08 mg kg−1, respectively). Sodium nitrite (at 0.1 g kg−1) and a garlic/rosemary flavor were variably added to create a 23 factorial design. In a randomized design, 60 consumers found that spiked sheepmeat flavors caused an overall significant decrease in mean liking on a 1–9 scale (5.83 vs. 5.35, P = 0.003), but this was completely negated by the garlic/rosemary addition (5.18 vs. 6.00, P < 0.001). Nitrite had no effect on liking (5.61 vs. 5.58, P = 0.82), although nitrite might be included in commercial examples to minimize fat oxidation and suppress growth of clostridia. Thus, sheepmeat flavors could be suppressed to appeal to unhabituated consumers. Commercial examples could thus be made for these consumers, but the mandatory use of the name “mutton” in some markets would adversely affect prospects.
Impact of FDA Actions, DTCA, and Public Information on the Market for Pain Medication
Authors: Bradford W. David , Kleit Andrew N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most important classes of prescription drugs used by primary care physicians to manage pain. The NSAID class of products has a somewhat controversial history, around which a complex regulatory and informational environment has developed. This history includes a boxed warning mandated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for all NSAIDs in 2005. We investigate the impact that various information shocks have had on the use of prescription medications for pain in primary care in the USA. We accomplish this by extracting data on nearly 600 000 patients from a unique nationwide electronic medical record database and estimate the probability of any active prescription for the four types of pain medications as a function of FDA actions, advertising, media coverage, and patient characteristics. We find that even after accounting for multiple sources of information, the FDA label changes and boxed warnings had a significant effect on pain medication prescribing. The boxed warning did not have the same impact on the use of all NSAID inhibitors. We find that the boxed warning reduced the use of NSAID COX‐2 inhibitor use, which was the focus of much of the press attention. In contrast, however, the warning actually increased the use of non‐COX‐2 NSAID inhibitors. Thus, the efficacy of the FDA's black box warning is clearly mixed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inflammation‐Induced Downregulation of Butyrate Uptake and Oxidation Is Not Caused by a Reduced Gene Expression
Authors: Boesmans Leen , Ramakers Meine , Arijs Ingrid , Windey Karen , Vanhove Wiebe , Schuit Frans , Rutgeerts Paul , Verbeke Kristin , De Preter Vicky 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn ulcerative colitis (UC) the butyrate metabolism is impaired, leading to energy‐deficiency in the colonic cells. The effect of inflammation on the butyrate metabolism was investigated. HT‐29 cells were incubated with pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and/or IFN‐γ) for 1 and 24 h. Cells were additionally stimulated with butyrate to investigate its anti‐inflammatory potential. Butyrate uptake and oxidation were measured using 14C‐labeled butyrate. Gene expression of the butyrate metabolism enzymes, interleukin 8 (IL‐8; inflammatory marker) and villin‐1 (VIL‐1; epithelial cell damage marker) was measured via quantitative RT‐PCR. Significantly increased IL‐8 expression and decreased VIL‐1 expression after 24 h incubation with TNF‐α and/or IFN‐γ confirmed the presence of inflammation. These conditions induced a decrease of both butyrate uptake and oxidation, whereas the gene expression was not reduced. Simultaneous incubation with butyrate counteracted the reduced butyrate oxidation. In contrast, 1 h incubation with TNF‐α induced a significant increased IL‐8 expression and decreased butyrate uptake. Incubation with TNF‐α and/or IFN‐γ for 1 h did not induce cell damage nor influence butyrate oxidation. The inflammation‐induced downregulation of the butyrate metabolism was not caused by a reduced gene expression, but appeared consequential to a decreased butyrate uptake. Increasing the luminal butyrate levels might have therapeutic potential in UC. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 418–426, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel
Authors: Qihong C. , Zhan‐Wen W. , Yi J. , Yehua J. , Fei L. , Hanguang F. 
Published: July 2014

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M2(B,C), (W,Mo)2(B,C), M3(B,C), M23(B,C)6 type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm2. The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K1 mill housing of bar mill.