bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of CD44highCD24Low cells, SOX2, and STAT3 transcription factors on peripheral blood and tumor tissue of penile squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: de Barros Felipe Dubourcq , Guimarães Gustavo Cardoso , Martins Mário Rino , Marinho Felipe da Silva , Soares Fernando Augusto , Torres Leuridan Cavalcante 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPenile cancer is high in some underdeveloped countries. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and CD44, CD24, and SOX2+ are known to be markers of diagnosis and prognosis in other cancers, but without studies in penile cancer.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Hospital de Cancer de Pernambuco from March 2015 to December 2017. We performed SOX2, STAT3, CD24, and CD44 analyses in blood and tumor tissue by flow cytometry.ResultsHigh levels of CD44highCD24low, CD44highCD24lowpSTAT3+ and CD44highCD24low in the blood of patients compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Low of SOX2+ T cells in blood of patients compared to controls. High CD44highCD24low levels in patients with perineural invasion (PNI), tumor size > 3 cm, and pT2 stage (p < 0.05). High T cell levels in the blood and tumor tissue of patients with tumor ≤3 cm (p < 0.05). Increased SOX2+ T cells in blood of patients with PNI (‐) and pT1 stage (p < 0.05). CD44highCD24lowpSTAT3+ (r = 0.669; p = 0.024) and SOX2+T cells (r = 0.404, p = 0.029) correlation were observed between blood and tumor tissue in penile cancer patients.ConclusionCD44, CD24, and SOX2 molecules were markers of advanced disease associated with the worst prognosis in CaPe. However, pSTAT3 and T cells were associated with a more favorable prognosis in this study.
Resources on lymphedema surgery: How effective are they for patients?
Authors: Manasyan Artur , Lasky Sasha , Stanton Eloise W. , Cannata Brigette , Moshal Tayla , Roohani Idean , Koesters Emma , Daar David A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOnline patient education materials (PEMs) on lymphedema surgery were assessed for quality, readability, and content. A total of 37 PEMs were identified, primarily authored by academic/medical organizations. Readability scores indicated materials were difficult to read, with an average Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level of 10.4. PEM Assessment Tools showed acceptable understandability (72.3%) but poor actionability (28.5%). PEMs often lacked information on surgical risks, postoperative care, and long‐term follow‐up. Simplifying language and adding visual aids could improve PEM effectiveness.
Circulating tumor DNA in management of primary liver malignancy: A review of the literature and future directions
Authors: Tocci Noah X. , Wehrle Chase J. , Sun Keyue , Jiao Chunbao , Hong Hanna , Gross Abby , Allkushi Erlind , Uysal Melis , Linganna Maureen Whitsett , Stackhouse Katheryn , Hashimoto Koji , Schlegel Andrea , Walsh R. Matthew , Miller Charles , Kwon David C. H. , Aucejo Federico 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrimary liver malignancies are a serious and challenging global health concern. The most common primary tumors are hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. These diseases portend poor prognosis when presenting with progressive, extensive disease. There is a critical need for improved diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and monitoring surveillance in liver‐related malignancies. Liquid biopsy using ctDNA provides an opportunity for growth within these domains for liver‐related malignancy. However, ctDNA is relatively understudied in this field compared with other solid tumor types, possibly due to the complex nature of the pathology. In this review, we aim to discuss ctDNA, the current literature, and future directions of this technology within primary liver malignancies.
Utility of circulating tumor DNA in secondary liver malignancies: What we know and what is to come
Authors: Wehrle Chase J. , Tocci Noah X. , Sun Keyue , Jiao Chunbao , Hong Hanna , Gross Abby , Allkushi Erlind , Uysal Melis , Linganna Maureen Whitsett , Stackhouse Katheryn , Hashimoto Koji , Schlegel Andrea , Walsh R. Matthew , Miller Charles , Kwon David C. H. , Aucejo Federico 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSecondary liver malignancies are a serious and challenging global health concern. Secondary metastasis to the liver is most commonly from colorectal cancer that has metastatically spread through splanchnic circulation. Metastatic diseases can portend poor prognosis due to the progressive nature typically found on detection. Improvements in detection of disease, monitoring therapy response, and monitoring for recurrence are crucial to the improvement in the management of secondary liver malignancies. Assessment of ctDNA in these patient populations poses an opportunity to impact the management of secondary liver malignancies. In this review, we aim to discuss ctDNA, the current literature, and future directions of this technology within secondary liver malignancies.
Refractive Error Impact on Video Head Impulse Test Outcomes
Authors: Dikici Oğuzhan , Aslanci Mehmet Emin , Ekim Buse 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the potential influence of refractive error on Video Head Impulse Test outcomes.Material and MethodsEighty‐two patients were included in the study, and all patients underwent video head impulse testing. Patients were divided into four groups according to their refractive error: myopia, myopia‐astigmatism, astigmatism, and emmetropia as control.ResultsPatients with myopia are younger than patients with astigmatism and controls; similarly, patients with myopia‐astigmatism are younger than patients with astigmatism. The right and left lateral, anterior, and posterior gain values were statistically significantly lower in the control group compared with myopia and myopia‐astigmatism patients (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant relationship between the right and left lateral, anterior, and posterior gain values and the degree of myopia in the patients (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe results of the Video Head Impulse Test gain in myopia patients are higher than that in patients without refractive error. In addition, age may have an effect on gain values. It is important to consider this factor when evaluating the results of the Video Head Impulse Test in patients, and corrections should be made if necessary.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Reproductive cycle of the temperate sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa in the northeastern Aegean Sea
Authors: Engin Serhat , Tolon Mustafa Tolga , Günay Deniz , Emiroğlu Dilek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the reproductive cycle and spawning frequency of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa in the northeastern Aegean Sea.

Methods
The study covered a period of 12 months, beginning in October 2018 and concluding in September 2019. During this period, sea cucumber samples were collected monthly. Macroscopic and histological examinations of gonadal tubules were conducted to provide credible information for fishery management and aquaculture.

Result
The sex ratio of the sampled population was 1:1.3, with 95 males and 130 females. The drained body weights at 50% maturity were 70.90 g for females and 70.80 g for males. The total length at 50% maturity was estimated at 18.58 cm for females and 18.05 cm for males. Gonad maturation was initiated in March and progressed to spawning stages between July and August. From September to February, the gonads were in postspawning and recovery stages. A strong linear correlation was determined between the gonad index and the seawater temperature in the area.

Conclusion
The information provided is expected to improve stock management, enforce fishery regulations, and support controlled breeding programs. These measures aim to preserve the natural populations of Holothuria tubulosa and guarantee the long-term viability of the species in the wild.
Improving Xenon‐129 lung ventilation image SNR with deep‐learning based image reconstruction
Authors: Stewart Neil J. , de Arcos Jose , Biancardi Alberto M. , Collier Guilhem J. , Smith Laurie J. , Norquay Graham , Marshall Helen , Brau Anja C. S. , Lebel R. Marc , Wild Jim M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and utility of a deep learning (DL)‐based reconstruction for improving the SNR of hyperpolarized 129Xe lung ventilation MRI.Methods129Xe lung ventilation MRI data acquired from patients with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were retrospectively reconstructed with a commercial DL reconstruction pipeline at five different denoising levels. Quantitative imaging metrics of lung ventilation including ventilation defect percentage (VDP) and ventilation heterogeneity index (VHI) were compared between each set of DL‐reconstructed images and alternative denoising strategies including: filtering, total variation denoising and higher‐order singular value decomposition. Structural similarity between the denoised and original images was assessed. In a prospective study, the feasibility of using SNR gains from DL reconstruction to allow natural‐abundance xenon MRI was evaluated in healthy volunteers.Results129Xe ventilation image SNR was improved with DL reconstruction when compared with conventionally reconstructed images. In patients with asthma and/or COPD, DL‐reconstructed images exhibited a slight positive bias in ventilation defect percentage (1.3% at 75% denoising) and ventilation heterogeneity index (˜1.4) when compared with conventionally reconstructed images. Additionally, DL‐reconstructed images preserved structural similarity more effectively than data denoised using alternative approaches. DL reconstruction greatly improved image SNR (greater than threefold), to a level that 129Xe ventilation imaging using natural‐abundance xenon appears feasible.ConclusionDL‐based image reconstruction significantly improves 129Xe ventilation image SNR, preserves structural similarity, and leads to a minor bias in ventilation metrics that can be attributed to differences in the image sharpness. This tool should help facilitate cost‐effective 129Xe ventilation imaging with natural‐abundance xenon in the future.
Precursor‐Derived Sensing Interdigitated Electrode Microstructures Based on Platinum and Nano Porous Carbon
Authors: Mielewczyk Lukas , Galle Lydia , Niese Nick , Grothe Julia , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInterdigital electrodes were prepared using nanoimprint lithography and piezoelectric inkjet printing. These processes are simpler and more cost‐effective than the industrially used electron beam lithography because of their purely mechanical process step. For the investigation of material dependence, platinum as well as carbon electrodes were fabricated. Afterwards electrodes with various line widths and spacings were tested for the application as a chemiresistive sensor for ferrocenyl‐methanol and the influence of the gap‐width and conductor cross‐section on the sensitivity was investigated. The general suitability of the systems for the production of such structures could be confirmed. Structures with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 1.2 μM and 35.9 μM could be produced for carbon and platinum, respectively, as well as a response time of 3.6 s was achieved.
Review of aging mechanisms, mechanical properties, and prediction models of fiber‐reinforced composites in natural environments
Authors: Qin Guofeng , Fan Qiuhan , Mi Peiwen , Li Ming , Mu Wenlong , Na Jingxin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFiber‐reinforced composites are widely used in civil engineering, aerospace, automotive, and medical sectors. However, these composites undergo aging due to factors such as temperature, humidity, load, and so on, during their usage. As a result, their performance deteriorates, and predicting their durability under real service conditions is a significant challenge. In order to better understand the durability of fiber‐reinforced composites, this article summarizes their microscopic aging mechanism under natural aging conditions and analyzes the changing rules of tensile, bending, and shear properties of composites under seven typical climate types, including tropical desert climate, temperate continental climate, temperate oceanic climate, Mediterranean climate, seasonal climate, tropical rainforest climate, and seawater immersion. This article reviews various durability prediction models, such as the Arrhenius model, prediction models based on residual modulus of elasticity and residual strength, and median strength regression analysis. To enhance the accuracy of aging life prediction during the natural aging process of composites, it is important to consider the influence of loads under real service conditions, incorporate different climatic types, utilize comprehensive mechanical property indices, establish an equivalent conversion relationship between natural aging and accelerated aging, and create a database with unified test standards.Highlights
The aging mechanisms of FRP after exposure in natural aging environments are discussed.
The tensile, bending, and shear properties of FRP after exposure under seven climate types are discussed.
The predictive models are proposed for the FRP used in natural aging.
The future research needs are proposed for the FRP used in natural aging.
Fabrication and test results of low‐voltage alternator with improved efficiency and reduced temperature rise using polyester nanocomposite insulation
Authors: Parthe Sachin , Paramane Ashish , Patil Manoj , Chen Xiangrong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study reports the test results of a total of 16 low‐voltage (415 V) 15 and 30 kVA alternators manufactured using optimized polyester resin nanocomposites. These tests consist of the open‐circuit characteristics (OCC), short‐circuit characteristics (SCC), voltage regulation, and temperature rise tests. The test results obtained are reported in terms of efficiency, voltage regulation, OCC and SCC curves, and temperature rise in stator and rotor windings. The results show that the temperature rise in the windings reduced significantly and the efficiency improved marginally using polyester resin nanocomposite insulation. Finally, the calculations show that the reduction in temperature rise can double the life of the alternator. Notably, the manufactured alternators passed all the performance tests as per the test standards, without adversely affecting its performance. For the insulation design of any low‐voltage rotating machine utilizing polyester resin as its base insulation, a similar approach can thus be adopted.Highlights
Fabrication of alternator prototype using polyester nanocomposite insulation.
Alternator prototype fabrication using standard industry manufacturing process.
Reduction in temperature rise in stator and rotor windings by 10 °C.
Enhancement in alternator efficiency by 3%–4%.
Polyester nanocomposite insulation doubles the service life of alternator.
Transverse tensile properties of laminar unidirectional carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers enhanced with multiscale fiber‐interleaving: Experiments and modeling
Authors: Lin Yang , Wang Hangyan , Guo Jiayou , Zhou Shuiting , Ouyang Liange 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, a micromechanics model, based on a hierarchical/gradient interface design, for predicting randomly hybrid carbon nanotube (CNT)/aramid pulp (AP) micro/nano‐fibers interleaved in a laminar unidirectional carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (UD‐CFRP) is proposed. The model emphasizes the gradient interfaces that are formed in situ because of the graded penetration mechanisms of the CNT and AP. Additionally, via an experimental study, it is analytically verified that CNT/AP‐interleaving enhances the transverse tensile strength and modulus of the UD‐CFRP. The modeling and experimental results show a strong correlation. The increase in transverse tensile strength and modulus of the UD‐CFRP with CNT/AP hybrid interleaving and the associated hierarchical toughening mechanism are confirmed theoretically and experimentally. Furthermore, new insights into the multiscale toughening mechanisms of transverse tensile properties are obtained via systematic analysis. The hierarchical gradient interfacial structure formed by the penetration of CNT/AP‐interleaving and multiscale fiber‐bridging results in a transformation of the failure mechanism. Finally, the effects of the failure mechanism on model predictions and the applicability of micromechanical models are further discussed.Highlights
A micromechanics modeling of UD‐CFRP with CNT/AP‐interleaving is proposed.
The enhancements of CNT and AP are confirmed theoretically and experimentally.
The contribution of CNT and AP to the properties of CFRP is theoretically verified.
The effect of the hierarchical fiber‐bridging toughening mechanism is revealed.
The role of strigolactone structural diversity in the host specificity and control of Striga, a major constraint to sub‐Saharan agriculture
Authors: Shimels Mahdere Z. , Rendine Stefano , Ruyter‐Spira Carolien , Rich Patrick J. , Ejeta Gebisa , Bouwmeester Harro J. 
Published: August 2024

Social Impact StatementThe parasitic weed Striga affects crops such as sorghum, maize, millet, and rice in over 40 countries on the African continent and negatively impacts the livelihood of over 300 million small‐holder farmers. Striga seeds can remain dormant in the soil for many years until they are triggered to germinate by germination stimulants, called strigolactones, exuded from the roots of their host. Here, the current knowledge on the biosynthesis of the strigolactones, their structural diversity, and biological relevance are reviewed. This knowledge could improve Striga control and thus improve the livelihood of small‐holder farmers.SummaryThe parasitic plant genus Striga causes major yield losses to several crops such as sorghum, millet, and rice in arid and semi‐arid regions of the tropics. For Striga to successfully parasitize its host plant, two conditions should be fulfilled: suitable germination conditions and the presence of a host plant that exudes so‐called germination stimulants, strigolactones, that are also as a signal to attract beneficial micro‐organisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Different plant species exude qualitatively and quantitatively different blends of strigolactones, and this plays a key role in determining Striga host specificity. Sorghum lgs1 genotypes with a mutation in a sulfotransferase (SbSOT4A), for example, exude orobanchol and are resistant to Striga, while 5‐deoxystrigol is the major strigolactone exuded by susceptible cultivars with wild type SbSOT4A. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the biosynthesis of the large diversity of strigolactones, how SbSOT4A may be involved in this, and how strigolactone diversity may contribute to microbiome recruitment. Finally, we discuss how knowledge on the importance of strigolactone diversity can contribute to Striga control.
Scaffold hopping approaches for the exploration of herbicidally active compounds inhibiting Acyl‐ACP Thioesterase
Authors: Fahrenhorst‐Jones Tyler , Lee Stephanie , Bollenbach‐Wahl Birgit , Bojack Guido , Braun Ralf , Frackenpohl Jens , Heinemann Ines , Laber Bernd , Lange Gudrun , Peters Olaf , Reingruber Anna M. , Schmutzler Dirk , Barber David M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe sustainable control of weed populations is a significant challenge facing farmers around the world. Although various methods for the control of weeds exist, the use of small molecule herbicides remains the most effective and versatile approach. Striving to find novel herbicides that combat resistant weeds via the targeting of plant specific modes of action (MoAs), we further investigated the bicyclic class of acyl‐acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase (FAT) inhibitors in an effort to find safe and efficacious lead candidates.RESULTSUtilizing scaffold hopping and bioisosteric replacements strategies, we explored new bicyclic inhibitors of FAT. Amongst the investigated compounds we identified new structural motifs that showed promising target affinity coupled with good in vivo efficacy against commercially important weed species. We further studied the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of the novel dihydropyranopyridine structural class which showed promise as a new type of FAT inhibiting herbicides.CONCLUSIONThe current work presents how scaffold hopping approaches can be implemented to successfully find novel and efficacious herbicidal structures that can be further optimized for potential use in sustainable agricultural practices. The identified dihydropyranopyridine bicyclic class of herbicides were demonstrated to have in vitro inhibitory activity against the plant specific MoA FAT as well as showing promising control of a variety of weed species, particularly grass weeds in greenhouse trials on levels competitive with commercial standards. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Sample Size Reestimation in Stochastic Curtailment Tests With Time‐to‐Events Outcome in the Case of Nonproportional Hazards Utilizing Two Weibull Distributions With Unknown Shape Parameters
Authors: Sharma Palash , Phadnis Milind A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTStochastic curtailment tests for Phase II two‐arm trials with time‐to‐event end points are traditionally performed using the log‐rank test. Recent advances in designing time‐to‐event trials have utilized the Weibull distribution with a known shape parameter estimated from historical studies. As sample size calculations depend on the value of this shape parameter, these methods either cannot be used or likely underperform/overperform when the natural variation around the point estimate is ignored. We demonstrate that when the magnitude of the Weibull shape parameters changes, unblinded interim information on the shape of the survival curves can be useful to enrich the final analysis for reestimation of the sample size. For such scenarios, we propose two Bayesian solutions to estimate the natural variations of the Weibull shape parameter. We implement these approaches under the framework of the newly proposed relative time method that allows nonproportional hazards and nonproportional time. We also demonstrate the sample size reestimation for the relative time method using three different approaches (internal pilot study approach, conditional power, and predictive power approach) at the interim stage of the trial. We demonstrate our methods using a hypothetical example and provide insights regarding the practical constraints for the proposed methods.