bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slip localization on the southern Alpine Fault, New Zealand
Authors: Barth N. C. , Boulton C. , Carpenter B. M. , Batt G. E. , Toy V. G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractResults of a detailed field study of the southern onshore portion of New Zealand's Alpine Fault reveal that for 75 km along‐strike, dextral‐normal slip on this long‐lived structure is highly localized in phyllosilicate‐rich fault core gouges and along their contact with more competent rocks. At three localities (Martyr River, McKenzie Creek, and Hokuri Creek), we document complete cross sections through the fault. New40Ar/39Ar dates on mylonites, combined with microstructural and mechanical data on phyllosilicate‐rich fault core gouges show that modern slip is localized onto a single, steeply dipping 1 to 12 m‐thick fault core composed of impermeable (k = 10−20to 10−22 m2), frictionally weak (μs = 0.12–0.37), velocity‐strengthening, illite‐chlorite, and saponite‐chlorite‐lizardite fault gouges. Fault core materials are (1) comparable to those of other major weak‐cored faults (e.g., San Andreas Fault) and (2) most compatible with fault creep, despite paleoseismic evidence of quasiperiodic large magnitude earthquakes (Mw > 7) on this portion of the Alpine Fault. We conclude that frictional properties of gouges at the surface do not characterize the overall seismogenic behavior of the southern Alpine Fault.
Genetic improvement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains for enhancing cell viability after desiccation stress
Authors: López‐Martínez Gema , Pietrafesa Rocchina , Romano Patrizia , Cordero‐Otero Ricardo , Capece Angela 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the last few decades spontaneous grape must fermentations have been replaced by inoculated fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as active dry yeast (ADY). Among the essential genes previously characterized to overcome the cell‐drying/rehydration process, six belong to the group of very hydrophilic proteins known as hydrophilins. Among them, only SIP18 has shown early transcriptional response during dehydration stress. In fact, the overexpression in S. cerevisiae of gene SIP18 increases cell viability after the dehydration process. The purpose of this study was to characterize dehydration stress tolerance of three wild and one commercial S. cerevisiae strains of wine origin. The four strains were submitted to transformation by insertion of the gene SIP18. Selected transformants were submitted to the cell‐drying–rehydration process and yeast viability was evaluated by both viable cell count and flow cytometry. The antioxidant capacity of SIP18p was illustrated by ROS accumulation reduction after H2O2 attack. Growth data as cellular duplication times and lag times were calculated to estimate cell vitality after the cell rehydration process. The overexpressing SIP18 strains showed significantly longer time of lag phase despite less time needed to stop the leakage of intracellular compounds during the rehydration process. Subsequently, the transformants were tested in inoculated grape must fermentation at laboratory scale in comparison to untransformed strains. Chemical analyses of the resultant wines indicated that no significant change for the content of secondary compounds was detected. The obtained data showed that the transformation enhances the viability of ADY without affecting fermentation efficiency and metabolic behaviour. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laparoscopic surgery for choledochal cysts
Authors: Liem Nguyen Thanh 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLaparoscopic cystectomy has become a common procedure for choledochal cysts. The cyst should be removed completely just above the confluence of the common biliopancreatic channel at the distal end and approximately 5 mm from the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts at the proximal end to avoid complications of the cystic remnant. The operation is feasible and safe. The rate of conversion to open surgery is low. The rate of complication under skill laparoscopic surgeons is also low, even lower than in open surgery. There was no difference between hepaticoduodenostomy and hepaticojejunostomy concerning the rate of cholangitis. Gastritis due to bilious reflux occurred with a low rate in hepaticoduodenostomy. Both techniques could be used for choledochal cysts; however, hepaticoduodenostomy should be applied for choledochal cysts without intrahepatic dilatation of biliary tract.
Simple and Efficient Profiling of Phospholipids in Phospholipase D‐modified Soy Lecithin by HPLC with Charged Aerosol Detection
Authors: Damnjanović Jasmina , Nakano Hideo , Iwasaki Yugo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDietary phosphatidylinositol (PI) can be synthesized via phospholipase D (PLD)‐catalyzed transphosphatidylation of phosphatidylcholine (PC), abundant in soy lecithin, with myo‐inositol. However, a generated mixture of phospholipid (PL) classes poses a challenge for analysis. Our current work on Streptomyces PLD engineering requires a robust analytical method for profiling of PI and related PLs derived from the transphosphatidylation reactions. Therefore, we optimized an HPLC‐based method with charged aerosol detector (CAD) for PL quantification. PLs were separated on a normal phase silica column by a gradient elution system using two solvents containing chloroform/methanol/1 M formic acid–triethylamine buffer in different ratios. Retention times of the PL standards and LC–MS under identical conditions were used to identity PL classes. PL standards gave linear response in 100‐ and 10‐fold (lyso‐PI) concentration range. The method provided a simple, sensitive, repeatable, and precise analysis of PI, PC, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, and lyso forms of PC and PI. Compared to the similar existing method, introduction of CAD provided a three‐ to fivefold decrease at the lower end and a two‐ to fivefold increase at the upper end of the dynamic range. High precision, high sensitivity, and low limits of detection and quantification further underline the benefits of CAD in PL analysis.
Self-Immunization with Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in a Mass Vaccination Clinic
Authors: Zahn Matt , Pursiful Priscilla , Carrico Ruth , Woods Charles , Troutman Adewale 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveAn influenza pandemic may demand that a large number of influenza immunizations be rapidly given with limited resources. This study tested the utility and practicality of self-immunization with live attenuated influenza intranasal vaccine in a mass vaccination event.MethodsThe self-immunization clinic model was evaluated in a three-tiered fashion using student, first responder, and open community events.ResultsA single nurse was easily able to direct 89 people through the process of self-administration of the vaccine in a three-hour first-responder event and 122 people in a three-hour open community event. 96% of participants believed that they had performed the self-administration correctly, and the same percentage reported that they would like to receive influenza immunization by self-vaccination in the future.ConclusionsThe self-immunization clinic is a practical and potentially useful model in an influenza pandemic setting.
Recovery and Resilience After a Nuclear Power Plant Disaster: A Medical Decision Model for Managing an Effective, Timely, and Balanced Response
Authors: Coleman C. Norman , Blumenthal Daniel J. , Casto Charles A. , Alfant Michael , Simon Steven L. , Remick Alan L. , Gepford Heather J. , Bowman Thomas , Telfer Jana L. , Blumenthal Pamela M. , Noska Michael A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractResilience after a nuclear power plant or other radiation emergency requires response and recovery activities that are appropriately safe, timely, effective, and well organized. Timely informed decisions must be made, and the logic behind them communicated during the evolution of the incident before the final outcome is known. Based on our experiences in Tokyo responding to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant crisis, we propose a real-time, medical decision model by which to make key health-related decisions that are central drivers to the overall incident management. Using this approach, on-site decision makers empowered to make interim decisions can act without undue delay using readily available and high-level scientific, medical, communication, and policy expertise. Ongoing assessment, consultation, and adaption to the changing conditions and additional information are additional key features. Given the central role of health and medical issues in all disasters, we propose that this medical decision model, which is compatible with the existing US National Response Framework structure, be considered for effective management of complex, large-scale, and large-consequence incidents. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;0:1-10)
Dietary supplementation of young broiler chickens with Capsicum and turmeric oleoresins increases resistance to necrotic enteritis
Authors: Lee Sung Hyen , Lillehoj Hyun S. , Jang Seung I. , Lillehoj Erik P. , Min Wongi , Bravo David M. 
Published: April 2013

The Clostridium-related poultry disease, necrotic enteritis (NE), causes substantial economic losses on a global scale. In the present study, a mixture of two plant-derived phytonutrients, Capsicum oleoresin and turmeric oleoresin (XT), was evaluated for its effects on local and systemic immune responses using a co-infection model of experimental NE in commercial broilers. Chickens were fed from hatch with a diet supplemented with XT, or with a non-supplemented control diet, and either uninfected or orally challenged with virulent Eimeria maxima oocysts at 14 d and Clostridium perfringens at 18 d of age. Parameters of protective immunity were as follows: (1) body weight; (2) gut lesions; (3) serum levels of C. perfringens α-toxin and NE B-like (NetB) toxin; (4) serum levels of antibodies to α-toxin and NetB toxin; (5) levels of gene transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the intestine and spleen. Infected chickens fed the XT-supplemented diet had increased body weight and reduced gut lesion scores compared with infected birds given the non-supplemented diet. The XT-fed group also displayed decreased serum α-toxin levels and reduced intestinal IL-8, lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF), IL-17A and IL-17F mRNA levels, while cytokine/chemokine levels in splenocytes increased in the XT-fed group, compared with the animals fed the control diet. In conclusion, the present study documents the molecular and cellular immune changes following dietary supplementation with extracts of Capsicum and turmeric that may be relevant to protective immunity against avian NE.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract: outcome of endonasal endoscopic surgery at five-year follow up
Authors: Gendeh B S , Zahedi F D , Ahmad H , Kew T Y 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:To study the outcome of endonasal endoscopic surgery for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract over a five-year follow-up period.Design:Retrospective analysis.Methods:Four consecutive patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract, who had undergone endonasal endoscopic surgery, were reviewed regarding age at diagnosis, sex, primary site, tumour-node-metastasis staging, treatment modalities, histopathological findings, duration of follow up, distant metastases and treatment outcome.Results:All patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage and had post-operative adjuvant radiotherapy. Three patients underwent endoscopic endonasal resection and one endoscopic assisted craniofacial resection. The most common primary site was the ethmoid sinus (three patients). Three patients had no evidence of recurrence. One patient who had undergone partial clearance via endoscopic endonasal resection developed cervical node metastases a year after treatment; this patient also developed distant metastases.Conclusion:Adenoid cystic carcinoma is difficult to treat. Sinonasal tract tumours can be resected via endoscopic endonasal resection or endoscopic assisted craniofacial resection, but prolonged follow up is advisable. Radiotherapy is an important adjuvant treatment.
Quality of life measures in otitis media
Authors: Maile E J , Youngs R 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDisabling hearing impairment is the world's most common disability. Traditionally, hearing levels measured by pure tone audiometry have been used to define and quantify hearing loss. The effects of disabling hearing loss on patients' quality of life can be profound, and audiometric data alone may not correlate with quality of life measures. Generic measures of quality of life can be used to compare different diseases, and as such are useful in resource allocation and burden of disease studies. Their disadvantage is that they are not disease-specific and can therefore under-estimate the effects of a disease on patients' quality of life. Disease-specific measures are more sensitive. In chronic otitis media, additional factors such as discharge augment the effect of hearing loss alone on quality of life. Many of the quality of life measures developed for chronic otitis media have been used to assess improvement following reconstructive surgery. Quality of life measures have also been used to assess the effect of paediatric otitis media. Quality of life measures also have utility in the developing world, where hearing impairment is a huge burden.
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in auricular pseudocyst fluid
Authors: Chen P-P , Tsai S-M , Wang H-M , Wang L-F , Chien C-Y , Chang N-C , Ho K-Y 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:We investigated lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in the cyst fluid of auricular pseudocysts and autogenous blood, to assist the diagnosis of auricular pseudocyst.Methods:Twenty patients with auricular pseudocysts participated in this study conducted in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital between February 2007 and June 2010. Patterns of lactate dehydrogenase in cyst fluid and autogenous blood were analysed.Results:Levels of lactate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 were lower in auricular pseudocysts than in autogenous blood, whereas levels of lactate dehydrogenase 4 and 5 were higher; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001).Conclusion:Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in auricular pseudocyst fluid indicated higher percentage distributions of lactate dehydrogenase 4 and 5 and lower percentage distributions of lactate dehydrogenase 1 and 2. An effective laboratory method of evaluating the different lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme components was developed; this method may improve the accuracy of auricular pseudocyst diagnosis.
Resistance and Romans 13 in Samuel Rutherford's Lex, Rex
Authors: McAnnally-Linz Ryan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe many conflicts around the reformation of religion in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries drew the problem of political resistance to the forefront of European political thought. Thinkers in all of the various religious camps considered scripture to be politically normative. Consequently, both pro- and anti-resistance thinkers from a variety of traditions had to engage with Romans 13:1–7, Paul's apparently definitive pronouncement in favour of obedience and, therefore, against resistance. The opponents of resistance could cite Romans 13 with fairly little explanation, but the resisters and revolutionaries faced the challenge of working with the text to draw different political conclusions from it without violating the ‘literal’ sense that they almost universally held to be authoritative. Some even aimed to bring Paul forward as a staunch supporter of the sort of violent political resistance they advocated.Lex, Rex, the political tract of seventeenth-century Scottish theologian Samuel Rutherford (1600–1661), represents a particularly comprehensive early modern justification for violent resistance against a political sovereign. Rutherford was a member of the party of the radical covenanters, who vehemently opposed the church reforms of Charles I and, when hostilities began, fervently supported the war against the king. This article explores the series of arguments, distinctions and theological moves that Rutherford employs to incorporate Romans 13 as a central supporting text for his pro-resistance argument. Among these are: the distinction between God's immediate institution of governmental power and the constitution of particular governments mediately through the people, the positing of a conditional covenant agreed upon at the constitution of any government, the scholastic distinction between voluntas beneplaciti and voluntas signi in the divine will, and the distinction between the royal office in abstracto and its concrete occupant. Using these and other arguments and distinctions, Rutherford constructs a conceptual apparatus that is able, to a great extent, to appropriate Paul's exhortation to obedience in the service of a justification of resistance. In so doing, Rutherford illustrates some of the array of theological and philosophical resources that early modern resistance theorists could marshal in support of their cause, while still maintaining their fundamental theological commitments.
The Gospel of Thomas: Gathercole and Goodacre
Authors: Tuckett Christopher 
Published: April 2013

The two books under review here are remarkably similar, although (it would appear) entirely independent of each other. Further, I must say right at the start that, in many respects (perhaps the most important respect), I am entirely in agreement with many of their conclusions, and their manner of reaching those conclusions. So maybe this ‘critical’ review is not critical enough!
-Both authors are English; and both books come across (to me) as very ‘English’: the argument is cautious, fully acknowledging caveats, never overstating the case, etc.-The prime issue addressed in both is the relationship between Thomas and the Synoptics.-Both argue for a broadly similar conclusion – that Thomas is dependent (whether directly or indirectly: see below) on at least Matthew and Luke.-Both reach this conclusion via an almost identical methodology: seeking to identify possible elements of Synoptic redactional activity in Thomas as an indication of Thomas’ dependence.-Some (but not all) of the evidence cited is common, e.g. Th 5 / / Luke 8:17; Th 14 / / Matt 15:11; Th 31 / / Luke 4:24. (However, other examples do not overlap.)-Both are reticent about relying too much on theories about Q (perhaps surprisingly, Goodacre less than Gathercole).-Both see Thomas as potentially mystifying, not necessarily aiming at clarity, but demanding hermeneutical effort on the part of the reader.-Both emphasise the importance of taking seriously the evidence of the Greek fragments, and indeed both at different points use the Greek evidence closely.-Both offer powerful critiques of the older form-critical ‘norms’, or ‘laws’, about the development of the tradition, both effectively denying that such rigid ‘laws’ have any validity at all.-Both address in detail the more general arguments of others defending Thomas’ independence, e.g. on order, the apparent lack of ‘much’ agreement with the Synoptics, the possibility of assimilation in the textual transmission, etc.-Both also offer good arguments referring to the possibility of being misled by the phenomenon of the Synoptic Gospels about what level of agreement might be expected in a case of dependence. (The Synoptics may be highly unusual in the high level of agreement (in wording and order) they display.)-Both emphasise the danger of polarising the debate prematurely, of simply claiming that one's own theory has ‘won the day’ and ignoring others who disagree. Certainly both authors here take on, and engage with (in my view very fairly) the views of others who disagree.
Environmental survival ofNeisseria meningitidis
Authors: TZENG Y.-L. , MARTIN L. E. , STEPHENS D. S. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYNeisseria meningitidisis transmitted through the inhalation of large human respiratory droplets, but the risk from contaminated environmental surfaces is controversial. Compared toStreptococcus pneumoniaeandAcinetobacter baumanni, meningococcal viability after desiccation on plastic, glass or metal surfaces decreased rapidly, but viable meningococci were present for up to 72 h. Encapsulation did not provide an advantage for meningococcal environmental survival on environmental surfaces.
New Zealand Falcon nests suffer lower predation in agricultural habitat than in natural habitat
Authors: KROSS SARA M. , McDONALD PAUL G. , NELSON XIMENA J. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryIntroduced mammalian predators have been implicated in the majority of avian extinctions on oceanic islands around the globe. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the decimated New Zealand avifauna, where introduced predators remain the primary threat to virtually all surviving endemic species, including the threatened New Zealand Falcon Falco novaeseelandiae. We used remote videography at falcon nests and conducted an artificial nest experiment to compare the rates of predation and responsible predators of falcons nesting in hills against those nesting in nearby commercial vineyards. Overall, 63% of artificial nests in the hills were predated, compared with 38% in vineyards. Further, artificial eggs were predated faster in the hills than those placed in vineyards. Video footage revealed that the suite of predators visiting real falcon nests was similar to those identified attacking artificial nests. However, predators differed across habitats, with nests in vineyards being predated mainly by hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus and Australasian Harriers Circus approximans, whereas nests in the hill environments were mainly attacked by stoats Mustela erminea. These results demonstrate the important implications of habitat type on predation pressure associated with introduced predators. These may well prove a fruitful avenue of management if breeding can be fostered in safer areas, as in the case of this threatened falcon.
The national-level energy ladder and its carbon implications
Authors: Burke Paul J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper uses data for 134 countries for the period 1960–2010 to document an energy ladder that nations ascend as their economies develop. On average, economic development results in an overall substitution from the use of biomass to energy sourced from fossil fuels, and then increasingly towards nuclear power and certain low-carbon modern renewables such as wind power. The process results in the carbon intensity of energy evolving in an inverse-U manner as per capita incomes increase. Fossil fuel-poor countries climb more quickly to the low-carbon upper rungs of the national-level energy ladder and so typically experience larger reductions in the carbon intensity of energy as they develop. Leapfrogging to low-carbon energy sources on the upper rungs of the national-level energy ladder is one route via which developing countries can reduce the magnitudes of their expected upswings in carbon dioxide emissions.