bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Interpretations and Implications of Coaches’ Use of Humour in Three National Paralympic Teams
Authors: Alexander-Urquhart Danielle , Bentzen Marte , Kenttä Göran , Bloom Gordon A. 
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore interpretations and implications of head coaches’ use of humour in three national Paralympic teams from the perspective of athletes and integrated support staff. We conducted six focus groups with 19 Paralympic athletes and individual interviews with 10 support staff members across the teams. Our reflexive thematic analysis resulted in two overarching themes that helped us understand how humour influenced feelings of psychological safety in the team environment, as well as considerations or challenges with using humour as a coaching strategy, including miscommunication or misunderstanding. Relational awareness, emotional intelligence, and effective communication were identified as important coaching competencies to consider when implementing humour as a leadership behaviour, particularly in an environment where power differentials of status and disability were present. The study was among the first to explore interpretations and implications of humour as a coaching strategy from athletes and staff in the high-performance parasport context. Coaches who implement humour within their environments are encouraged to reflect on the receivers of the interaction and how to maximise the facilitative rather than debilitative functions of humour as a “double-edged sword” to ultimately promote team satisfaction, well-being, and success.
A Single Bout of On-Ice Training Leads to Increased Interlimb Asymmetry in Competitive Youth Hockey Athletes
Authors: Twible Bryce D. , Ruggiero Luca , McNeil Chris J. , Dalton Brian H. 
Published: August 2024

Interlimb asymmetry (ILA) refers to an anatomical or physiological imbalance between contralateral limbs, which can influence neuromuscular function. Investigating the influence of neuromuscular fatigue on ILA may be critical for optimizing training programs, injury rehabilitation, and sport-specific performance. The purpose of this study was to determine if a single bout of ice hockey-specific exercise creates or exacerbates lower-limb ILA. Before and after an on-ice training session, 33 youth ice-hockey athletes (14.9 [1.7] y; 11 females) performed 3 repetitions of a maximal vertical countermovement jump (CMJ), an eccentric hamstring contraction, and maximal isometric hip adduction and abduction contractions. Force- and power-related variables were analyzed to determine limb-specific neuromuscular function. The on-ice session reduced maximal isometric hip adduction (left: 7.3% [10.3%]; right: 9.5% [9.6%]) and abduction (left: 4.9% [6.9%]; right: 5.0% [8.1%]) force, but did not impair (P ≥ .10) CMJ performance (jump height, relative peak power, braking duration, and total duration). After the on-ice session, ILA was greater for CMJ propulsive impulse (6.3% [2.9%] vs 5.1% [2.6%]), CMJ braking rate of force development (19.3% [7.6%] vs 15.2% [6.4%]), and peak isometric hip adduction force (6.7% [5.5%] vs 6.1% [4.1%]). In conclusion, hockey-specific exercise leads to increased ILA for multiple force-related metrics, which may be a compensatory mechanism to maintain bilateral task performance when fatigued.
Characterizing the Compressive Force at L5/S1 During Patient Transfer From Bed to Wheelchair
Authors: Lee Seyoung , Lim Kitaek , Choi Woochol Joseph 
Published: August 2024

The peak compressive forces at L5/S1 during patient transfers have been estimated. However, no study has considered the actual patient body weight that caregivers had to handle during transfers. We developed a simple kinematic model of lifting to address this limitation. Fifteen prospective health care providers transferred a 70-kg individual who mimicked a patient (“patient”) from bed to wheelchair. Trials were acquired with the patient donning (weighted) and doffing (unweighted) a 5-kg weight belt. Trials were also acquired with and without knee assistance and a mechanical lift. During trials, kinematics and kinetics of transfers were recorded to estimate the peak compressive force at L5/S1 using static equilibrium equations. The peak compressive force was associated with the transfer method (P < .0005), and the compressive force was 68% lower in lift-assisted than manual transfer (2230 [SD = 433] N vs 6875 [SD = 2307] N). However, the peak compressive force was not associated with knee assistance, nor with a change in the patient body weight. Our results inform that mechanical loading exceeding the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health safety criterion occurs during patient transfers, confirming a high risk of lower back injuries in caregivers. However, the risk can be mitigated with the use of a mechanical lift.
Assessing the Accuracy of Activity Classification Using Thigh-Worn Accelerometry: A Validation Study of ActiPASS in School-Aged Children
Authors: Lendt Claas , Hettiarachchi Pasan , Johansson Peter J. , Duncan Scott , Lund Rasmussen Charlotte , Narayanan Anantha , Stewart Tom 
Published: August 2024

Background: The ActiPASS software was developed from the open-source Acti4 activity classification algorithm for thigh-worn accelerometry. However, the original algorithm has not been validated in children or compared with a child-specific set of algorithm thresholds. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of ActiPASS in classifying activity types in children using 2 published sets of Acti4 thresholds. Methods: Laboratory and free-living data from 2 previous studies were used. The laboratory condition included 41 school-aged children (11.0 [4.8] y; 46.5% male), and the free-living condition included 15 children (10.0 [2.6] y; 66.6% male). Participants wore a single accelerometer on the dominant thigh, and annotated video recordings were used as a reference. Postures and activity types were classified with ActiPASS using the original adult thresholds and a child-specific set of thresholds. Results: Using the original adult thresholds, the mean balanced accuracy (95% CI) for the laboratory condition ranged from 0.62 (0.56–0.67) for lying to 0.97 (0.94–0.99) for running. For the free-living condition, accuracy ranged from 0.61 (0.48–0.75) for lying to 0.96 (0.92–0.99) for cycling. Mean balanced accuracy for overall sedentary behavior (sitting and lying) was ≥0.97 (0.95–0.99) across all thresholds and conditions. No meaningful differences were found between the 2 sets of thresholds, except for superior balanced accuracy of the adult thresholds for walking under laboratory conditions. Conclusions: The results indicate that ActiPASS can accurately classify different basic types of physical activity and sedentary behavior in children using thigh-worn accelerometer data.
A multicenter study on accuracy and reproducibility of nanopore sequencing-based genotyping of bacterial pathogens
Authors: Dabernig-Heinz Johanna , Lohde Mara , Hölzer Martin , Cabal Adriana , Conzemius Rick , Brandt Christian , Kohl Matthias , Halbedel Sven , Hyden Patrick , Fischer Martin A. , Pietzka Ariane , Daza Beatriz , Idelevich Evgeny A. , Stöger Anna , Becker Karsten , Fuchs Stephan , Ruppitsch Werner , Steinmetz Ivo , Kohler Christian , Wagner Gabriel E. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Nanopore sequencing has shown the potential to democratize genomic pathogen surveillance due to its ease of use and low entry cost. However, recent genotyping studies showed discrepant results compared to gold-standard short-read sequencing. Furthermore, although essential for widespread application, the reproducibility of nanopore-only genotyping remains largely unresolved. In our multicenter performance study involving five laboratories, four public health-relevant bacterial species were sequenced with the latest R10.4.1 flow cells and V14 chemistry. Core genome MLST analysis of over 500 data sets revealed highly strain-specific typing errors in all species in each laboratory. Investigation of the methylation-related errors revealed consistent DNA motifs at error-prone sites across participants at read level. Depending on the frequency of incorrect target reads, this either leads to correct or incorrect typing, whereby only minimal frequency deviations can randomly determine the final result. PCR preamplification, recent basecalling model updates and an optimized polishing strategy notably diminished the non-reproducible typing. Our study highlights the potential for new errors to appear with each newly sequenced strain and lays the foundation for computational approaches to reduce such typing errors. In conclusion, our multicenter study shows the necessity for a new validation concept for nanopore sequencing-based, standardized bacterial typing, where single nucleotide accuracy is critical.
Zotero as a teaching tool for independent study courses, honors contracts, and undergraduate research mentoring
Authors: Morgan Dyan E. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Managing and evaluating the literature review process can be a time-consuming challenge when working one-on-one with students to teach scientific process skills, whether through an independent study, honors contract, or undergraduate research. In this article, I share my solution to address the pedagogical and organizational challenge posed by this type of teaching and mentoring: the citation management software Zotero used in conjunction with a template worksheet. Overall, this approach will save time, introduce students to a new multipurpose software tool, and lead to a set of reusable resources for future teaching.
Genomic analysis of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in eight strains of nontyphoid
Salmonella
Authors: Liu Haibing , Zheng Lijie , Fan Huimin , Pang Ji 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Nontyphoidal
Salmonella
(NTS) is the main etiological agent of human nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and horizontal transfer mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes from eight strains of NTS detected in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China. Fecal samples from outpatients with food-borne diarrhea were collected in 2022. The NTS isolates were identified, and their susceptibility was tested with the Vitek 2 Compact system. The genomes of the NTS isolates were sequenced with the Illumina NovaSeq platform and Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform. The AMR genes and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were predicted with the relevant open access resources. Eight strains of NTS were isolated from 153 specimens, and
Salmonella
Typhimurium ST19 was the most prevalent serotype. The AMR gene with the highest detection rate was AAC(6
'
)-Iaa (10.5%) followed by TEM-1 (7.9%), sul2 (6.6%), and tet(A) (5.3%). Eleven MGEs carrying 34 AMR genes were identified on the chromosomes of 3 of the 8 NTS, including 3 resistance islands, 6 composite transposons (Tns), and 2 integrons. Eighteen plasmids carrying 40 AMR genes were detected in the 8 NTS strains, including 6 mobilizable plasmids, 3 conjugative plasmids, and 9 nontransferable plasmids, 7 of which carried 10 composite Tns and 3 integrons. This study provided a theoretical basis, from a genetic perspective, for the prevention and control of NTS resistance in Zhenjiang City.

IMPORTANCE

Human nontyphoidal salmonellosis is one of the common causes of bacterial food-borne illnesses, with significant social and economic impacts, especially those caused by invasive multidrug-resistant nontyphoidal
Salmonella
, which entails high morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial resistance is mainly mediated by drug resistance genes, and mobile genetic elements play key roles in the capture, accumulation, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. Therefore, it is necessary to study the epidemiological characteristics and horizontal transfer mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance genes of nontyphoidal
Salmonella
to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant nontyphoidal
Salmonella
.
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis infection in a patient with HIV
Authors: Zimmerman Joel Thomas , Hanson Courtney , Iardino Alfredo 
Published: August 2024

A male in his 30s who was recently diagnosed with HIV arrived at the emergency department exhibiting an altered mental state and acute respiratory distress. Initial laboratory tests revealed a high anion gap metabolic acidosis, elevated liver enzyme levels and bicytopenia. A CT scan identified a miliary pattern. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage displayed epithelial and inflammatory cells. However, subsequent tests ruled out the presence of fungi, Pneumocystis organisms, malignancies, granulomas and viral inclusions. Broad-spectrum antibiotics with emphasis onMycobacterium tuberculosisand antifungal treatments were administered. The regimen was adjusted after a positive urine test for the Histoplasma antigen.The patient later manifested signs and symptoms, including increased ferritin level, fever, splenomegaly, diminished natural killer cell function and heightened interleukin-2 receptor levels, confirming haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Given the patient’s gravely decompensated state, the treatment incorporated dexamethasone, and the patient’s vasopressor-resistant septic shock was addressed with methylene blue.
Characterising and differentiating cognitive and motor speed in older adults: structural equation modelling on a UK longitudinal birth cohort
Authors: Bundil Indra , Baltruschat Sabina , Zhang Jiaxiang 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesInformation processing speed (IPS) has been proposed to be a key component in healthy ageing and cognitive functioning. Yet, current studies lack a consistent definition and specific influential characteristics. This study aimed to investigate IPS as a multifaceted concept by differentiating cognitive and motor IPS.Design, setting and participantsA retrospective data analysis using data from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (a population-based cohort of UK adults born in 1946) at childhood (ages 8, 11 and 15) and adulthood (ages 60–64 and 68–70). Using structural equation modelling, we constructed two models of IPS with 2124 and 1776 participants, respectively.Outcome measuresMeasures of interest included IPS (ie, letter cancellation, simple and choice reaction time), intelligence (ie, childhood intelligence and National Adult Reading Test), verbal memory, socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive functions measured by the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III, as well as a variety of health indexes.ResultsWe found distinct predictors for cognitive and motor IPS and how they relate to other cognitive functions in old age. In our first model, SES and antipsychotic medication usage emerged as significant predictors for cognitive IPS, intelligence and smoking as predictors for motor IPS while both share sex, memory and antiepileptic medication usage as common predictors. Notably, all differences between both IPS types ran in the same direction except for sex differences, with women performing better than men in cognitive IPS and vice versa in motor IPS. The second model showed that both IPS measures, as well as intelligence, memory, antipsychotic and sedative medication usage, explain cognitive functions later in life.ConclusionTaken together, these results shed further light on IPS as a whole by showing there are distinct types and that these measures directly relate to other cognitive functions.
‘I’m looking as white and as straight as possible at all times’: a qualitative study exploring the intersectional experiences of BAME LGBTQ+ medical students in the UK
Authors: Ly Daniel , Chakrabarti Rima 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThe positive formation of professional identity is considered crucial in how medical students begin to feel and act as clinicians. Although, awareness of how Professional Identity Formation (PIF) may be affected among minoritised groups is increasing, understanding from an intersectional lens remains limited. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of Black, Asian, Minoritised Ethnic (BAME) and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ+) medical students in the undergraduate Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Science programme.DesignBased on the methodology of phenomenography, all medical students identifying as BAME and LGBTQ+ were eligible for participation. Semistructured interviews were conducted with data collection continuing until theoretical saturation was reached. The coding framework was developed independently by the principal researcher and supervisor before being compared to create a shared analytical framework.SettingUniversity College London Medical School (UCLMS) between October 2022 and February 2023.ParticipantsSix UCLMS students were recruited, one of whom was in the ‘early’ years (years 1–3) with the remainder in the ‘later’ years (years 4–6)ResultsSix main themes emerged from the data, which were categorised into three main areas: challenges to intersectionality, benefits to intersectionality and protective factors. Challenges to intersectionality included three themes, ‘The BAME identity interacting with the LGBTQ+identity’, ‘BAME background influencing LGBTQ+identity exploration’ and ‘no true safe spaces for BAME and LGBTQ+ students to be themselves’. Benefits to intersectionality included ‘greater insight into the self’ and protective factors included two themes of ‘peer support networks’ and ‘visibility within the university and clinical environments.’ConclusionBy exploring PIF among medical students from an intersectional lens, this study highlights the increased emotional burden faced by those who identify as BAME and LGBTQ+, as they attempt to reconcile both these identities with becoming a future doctor, affecting their sense of belonging socially and within the profession. Despite being based at a single medical school, it highlights the importance of creating a truly inclusive environment through positive role modelling and increased visibility among the BAME, LGBTQ+ community in the undergraduate programme.
PEER CONNECT: a pragmatic feasibility randomised controlled trial of peer coaching for adults with long-term conditions
Authors: Dennett Rachel , Thompson Tom , Clyne Wendy , Straukiene Agne , Davies-Cox Helen , Hosking Joanne , Bones Krystina , Elston Julian 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo test the feasibility of a targeted peer coaching intervention on the health and well-being of people with long-term health conditions and low activation attending outpatient clinics at a UK National Health Service (NHS) Trust.DesignRandomised controlled feasibility trial, with embedded qualitative study.SettingAn NHS integrated health and care organisation in the South West of England, UK, with significant areas of deprivation.ParticipantsPatients (over 18 year of age) of the Trust’s rheumatology, pain or multiple sclerosis services, with a Patient Activation Measure score at level 1 or 2.InterventionUp to 14 sessions of peer coaching delivered in a stepped-down model delivered over 6 months.Main outcomesPrimary feasibility outcomes were recruitment, retention, intervention adherence and peer, coach and staff experience.Secondary outcomes included psychological well-being, resource use, long-term condition management and disease-specific measures.Results97 potential coaches were contacted directly. 27 (27.8%) were screened and of those 21 (77.8%) were eligible and recruited into the study. For a range of reasons, only five (23.8%) progressed through training and on to deliver peer coaching. 747 potential peers were invited to take part and 19 (2.5%) were screened. Of those screened, seven (36.8%) were eligible, recruited and randomised, all white females with median age of 50 years (range: 24–82 years). One peer in the intervention group withdrew prior to receiving the intervention, the remaining four received coaching. Peers and coaches reported a range of benefits related to their health and well-being.ConclusionCoach recruitment, training and study procedures were feasible and acceptable. Due to low peer recruitment numbers, it was decided not to progress to a definitive trial. Further research is required to explore how to engage with and recruit people reporting low levels of activation and the acceptability and effectiveness of peer coaching for this group.Trial registration numberISRCTN12623577.
Childhood Health and Educational outcomes afteR perinatal Brain injury (CHERuB): protocol for a population-matched cohort study
Authors: Rees Philippa , Gale Chris , Battersby Cheryl , Williams Carrie , Purkayastha Mitana , Zylbersztejn Ania , Carter Ben , Sutcliffe Alastair 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionOver 3000 infants suffer a brain injury around the time of birth every year in England. Although these injuries can have important implications for children and their families, our understanding of how these injuries affect children’s lives is limited.Methods and analysisThe aim of the CHERuB study (Childhood Health and Educational outcomes afteR perinatal Brain injury) is to investigate longitudinal childhood health and educational outcomes after perinatal brain injury through the creation of a population-matched cohort study. This study will use the Department of Health and Social Care definition of perinatal brain injury which includes infants with intracranial haemorrhage, preterm white matter injury, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, perinatal stroke, central nervous system infections, seizures and kernicterus. All children born with a perinatal brain injury in England between 2008 and 2019 will be included (n=54 176) and two matched comparator groups of infants without brain injury will be created: a preterm control group identified from the National Neonatal Research Data Set and a term/late preterm control group identified using birth records. The national health, education and social care records of these infants will be linked to ascertain their longitudinal childhood outcomes between 2008 and 2023. This cohort will include approximately 170 000 children. The associations between perinatal brain injuries and survival without neurosensory impairment, neurodevelopmental impairments, chronic health conditions and mental health conditions throughout childhood will be examined using regression methods and time-to-event analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis study has West London Research Ethics Committee and Confidential Advisory Group approval (20/LO/1023 and 22/CAG/0068 issued 20/10/2022). Findings will be published in open-access journals and publicised via the CHERuB study website, social media accounts and our charity partners.