bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Tropical Disturbances along the South Asian Monsoon Trough in the 2022 Pakistan Floods and the Implications for Interannual Variability
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study examined the atmospheric circulation patterns that were responsible for the severe flooding that occurred in Pakistan in 2022. It focused on the role of westward-propagating tropical disturbances (TDs) along the South Asian monsoon trough, which are associated with flood-related precipitation events. The study also investigated the interannual precipitation variation in Pakistan over 23 years from 2000 to 2022, using satellite-derived precipitation and atmospheric reanalysis. The results showed high precipitation in southern and central Pakistan, implying tropical influences. The precipitation was the highest in the past 23 years. The massive rainfall was brought by several TDs under the highest water vapor conditions, although a TD of South Asia climatologically tends to weaken before affecting Pakistan. Enhanced easterlies along the Indo-Gangetic Plain, part of the enhanced monsoon trough, supported high water vapor conditions over Pakistan. The high water vapor was also partly supported by the long-lasting active phase of the South Asian monsoon intraseasonal oscillation in 2022. Moreover, the La Niña condition increased moisture transport as a background. On an interannual time scale, the enhanced moisture flux over the Indo-Gangetic Plain resulted in higher precipitation over Pakistan, as occurred in 2022. These high (low) water vapor and precipitation can be partly explained by La Niña (El Niño). However, La Niña and El Niño may not control the TD activity over South Asia. Thus, for 2022, the high water vapor is somewhat empirically predictable, but the active TD activity can be coincidental.

Significance Statement
In 2022, Pakistan was hit by catastrophic flooding that affected 15% of the population. The analysis of the atmospheric circulation associated with the flooding indicates that weak but rain-bearing tropical disturbances played a significant role in flooding. Several tropical disturbances stayed or moved into Pakistan, bringing massive rainfall although, usually, they tend to weaken before hitting Pakistan. In the past 23 years, La Niña–related weather patterns have partly explained the year-to-year precipitation variation in Pakistan. However, in 2022, the unusually heavy flooding was due to the combined La Niña effect and tropical disturbance activity. Because it is still difficult to predict the seasonal tropical disturbance activity from La Niña, El Niño, and other climatic conditions, seasonal prediction of these floods remains challenging.
Stop leaving people with disability behind: Reviewing comprehensive sexuality education for people with disability
Authors: Andreassen Kim , Quain Jordina , Castell Emily 
Published: August 2024

Background: The pathologisation of people with disability1 has long affected the educational quality of the sexuality education they receive. Whilst concern for people with disability has been growing in some comprehensive sexuality education settings, the quality of education in these spaces is variable and typically accommodations for people with disability are not made. The lack of accessibility fosters few opportunities to learn about and practise skills related to establishing and maintaining social relationships, including platonic, romantic and sexual relationships, thereby limiting informed decision-making. Moreover, the lack of good quality sexuality education significantly increases the risk of sexual abuse, assault, and family and domestic violence – impacting people with disability’s self-determination, autonomy and ultimately, ability to work, live independently, and maintain their mental and physical health. Objective: Few reviews of comprehensive sexuality education programmes for people with disability have been reported. Therefore, four current comprehensive sexuality education programmes for people with disability were reviewed, including their content and the topics included; the feasibility of implementation including costs; different accessibility considerations for varied learners and disabilities; and methods of delivery. This allowed an assessment of their strengths and opportunities for people with disability. Results: The review highlighted strong positive changes occurring within the field, as well as challenges due to funding limitations, and the extensive number of topics under comprehensive sexuality education that need to be addressed in teaching and delivering quality comprehensive sexuality education to people with disability. Conclusion: Informed by the evidence in this review, we advocate for the inclusion of a more comprehensive range of topics, including gender and sexuality diversity within accessible comprehensive sexuality education for people with disability, and the establishment of appropriate forms of teacher education and training to increase confidence and comfort when delivering comprehensive sexuality education to people with disability.
Evaluation of the Handover Training Program Given to Nursing Students Using the Kirkpatrick Model: A Quasi-Experimental Observational Study
Authors: Akcoban Sumeyye , Gungor Serap , Dirgar Ezgı , Tosun Betul 
Published: August 2024

Background: Patient handover training given to nursing students is important to ensure patient safety. There are a variety of evaluation models that can be used to evaluate the impact of education in nursing, one of which is the Kirkpatrick model. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the patient handover training given to nursing students according to the Kirkpatrick model. Methods: A pretest and posttest design was used with a convenience sample of 33 nursing students. The training provided was evaluated according to the reaction, learning, behavior, and result levels of the Kirkpatrick model. In the study, data were collected by researchers observing students through face-to-face interactions and bedside observations using Handoff Evaluation Scale (Handoff CEX). Results: It was found that 42.1% of the nursing students practiced verbal, 19.7% taped, and 36.8% bedside handovers before the training, while all the students practiced taped, verbal, and bedside handovers after the training. While the mean (SD) scores of patient handover (2.87 [0.95]) were at an insufficient level before the training, the scores after the training (7.12 [1.06]) increased to a high level. The difference between the mean patient handover scores before and after the training was statistically significant ( P < .001). Conclusions: After the training provided in the study, it was observed that nursing students improved their patient handover levels and styles, handover participation, and information transfer. Patient handover training given to undergraduate student nurses can be evaluated using the Kirkpatrick model.
Exploring the Link Between Emotional Intelligence and Compassionate Communication in Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Arpacı Rabia , Karasu Fatma , Ayar Duygu 
Published: August 2024

Background: The main purposes of the nursing profession are to protect and improve health and to prevent and heal diseases. It is crucial to investigate the factors that can influence nurses’ ability to enhance their performance in their professional lives and conduct the nursing care process more qualitatively and effectively. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between emotional intelligence and compassionate communication in nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with 140 nurses working in various units of the public hospital in Kilis, Turkey. Data were collected through a demographic information form, Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Compassionate Communication Scale. Results: It was determined that nurses’ emotional intelligence and compassionate communication were above average. A significant association was found between nurses’ emotional intelligence and compassionate communication ( F = 16.08, P < .001) and emotional intelligence explains 10% of the variance in compassionate communication ( R = 0.323, R2 = 0.104). Conclusions: Emotional intelligence and compassionate communication should be taken into consideration so that nurses can recognize and understand patients’ emotions, alleviate their hurt, and deliver delicate, kind, and compassionate care.
Adult rat ultrasonic vocalizations and reward: Effects of propranolol and repeated cocaine administration
Authors: Erden Leyla , Sundarakrishnan Adithi , Clarke Paul BS 
Published: August 2024

Background: Mechanisms underlying psychostimulant euphoria remain poorly understood. In adult rats, positive emotional states are associated with alterations in 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs): specifically, “trill” calls are promoted over “flat” calls. Here, we investigated the effects of acute and repeated cocaine administration, and—based on previous findings with amphetamine—their possible dependence on beta-adrenergic receptors. Methods: Adult male Long-Evans rats received intraperitoneal drug or saline injections before daily USV recording. Fourteen 50-kHz call subtypes were analyzed. In Experiments 1 and 2, cocaine (1–10 mg/kg) and propranolol (10 mg/kg) were tested alone. In Experiment 3, propranolol/cocaine interactions were sought within a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure. Experiment 4 investigated acute and chronic cocaine effects (Phase 1), and propranolol/cocaine interactions either in an open field (Phase 2) or within a CPP procedure (Phase 3). Results: In drug-naïve animals, cocaine increased the 50-kHz call rate, with sensitization developing rapidly. After more extended exposure, cocaine now also increased the relative prevalence of trill versus flat calls; effects on other subtypes were also revealed. The beta-blocker propranolol prevented neither cocaine CPP nor cocaine effects on USV emission or locomotion but exerted significant USV-related effects when given alone. CPP magnitude and USV-related measures were uncorrelated. Conclusions: With long-term intraperitoneal administration, cocaine can alter the relative prevalence of several 50-kHz call subtypes; its ability to promote trill versus flat calls, in particular, is consistent with a positive affect interpretation. Cocaine’s behavioral effects (i.e., USV-related, locomotor, CPP) appear independent of beta-adrenergic receptor activity.
Outcomes of Medial Closing-Wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy for Femoral- and Tibial-Based Valgus Deformity
Authors: Maione Alessio , Ricci Martina , Calanna Filippo , Parmigiani Matteo D. , Menon Alessandra , Usellini Eva , Randelli Pietro S. , Berruto Massimo 
Published: August 2024

Background: In carefully selected patients with an arthritic valgus knee, distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) can improve symptoms at medium- to long-term follow-up, reducing osteoarthritis progression. To date, there is no clear evidence in the current literature regarding the role of postoperative joint line obliquity (JLO) in valgus deformity correction. Purpose: To assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of medial closing-wedge DFO (MCW-DFO) for the treatment of valgus knees, considering both tibial- and femoral-based deformities, as well as to verify the efficacy and safety of MCW-DFO according to JLO boundaries (≤4°). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients with valgus knees. Patients were divided into 2 groups: femoral-based valgus (FB-V) and tibial-based valgus (TB-V). Knee radiographs were collected before surgery and at the last follow-up. The clinical outcome was evaluated through several validated scores (International Knee Documentation Committee, Knee Society Score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Tegner, Numeric Rating Scale, Crosby-Insall). Results: A total of 30 patients (34 knees) with a mean age of 49.3 ± 9.1 years were included in the study. The overall mean follow-up was 9.4 ± 5.9 years. The mean preoperative hip-knee-ankle angle was 187.6°± 3.3° (range, 181.5°-191°) and the postoperative angle was 180°± 3.1° (range, 176°-185°). Most postoperative JLOs were within the safe zone of ≤4° in both groups (the postoperative JLO was >4° in 4 patients in the TB-V group and 1 patient in the FB-V group), although FB-V knees exhibited significant superior JLO correction (postoperative JLO in the TB-V group: mean, 4.0°± 2.5° [ P = .1]; postoperative JLO in the FB-V group: mean, 2.4°± 1.4° [ P = .5]). Significant improvements in all clinical scores were observed in both groups ( P < .01). Additionally, the severity of the osteoarthritis did not worsen at the last follow-up. Conclusion: MCW-DFO is an effective procedure for treating pathological valgus knees, regardless of the site of the deformity. Both FB-V and TB-V groups showed comparable improvements in the clinical scores, development of osteoarthritis, and the restoration of a neutral mechanical axis. Notably, FB-V knees achieved more JLO correction compared with the TB-V ones.
Retrospective cohort study identifying pulmonary complications in a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Johnson Jessica S , Zhang Chao , Littlejohn Emily 
Published: August 2024

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with multi organ involvement. One of the most common manifestations is pulmonary disease with a reported prevalence between 5%–90%. Purpose Given this wide range of prevalence, there is a need to more closely define types of pulmonary disease in SLE and associated risk factors. Research Design We sought to characterize the presentation of pulmonary manifestations in an established SLE cohort using electronic health record data. Study Sample All patients were >18 years of age and had confirmed SLE by a rheumatologist using SLICC or 2019 ACR/EULAR classification criteria. 220 patients with imaging were included in this study; average age was 42.5 years, 86.7% identified as female, 60.5% identified as white, 37.3% as Black, and 1.82% as Asian. Analysis Generalized estimating equations were utilized to analyze the data, accounting for its repeated measured nature. Results We found an association between smoking (present/prior smoker) and radiologist reported disease on computerized tomography (CT) scan, as well as an association between smoking (present/prior smoker), older age, and male sex with having pulmonary disease identified on chest X-ray. The most common findings on CT and X-ray were increased lung density (24%, 12%) and atelectasis (18%, 10%). The most common disease found on CT was pleural effusion (24%) and mediastinal/axillary lymphadenopathy (16%). Conclusion While our study is limited by the retrospective nature, our results show that certain factors, namely smoking, older age, or male sex should prompt clinicians to have a higher suspicion for lung disease in SLE patients.
EEG Cortical Sources of Theta, Beta and  Gamma Frequencies Orchestrate  Audio–Visual Interactions
Authors: Dubey Manisha , Chitturi Vinay , Tayade Prashant , Sharma Ratna , Kaur Simran 
Published: August 2024

Background The fascinating ability of brain to integrate information from multiple sensory inputs has intrigued many researchers. Audio–visual (AV) interaction is a form of multisensory integration which we encounter to form meaningful representations of the environment around us. There is limited literature related to the underlying neural mechanisms. Purpose Quantitative EEG (QEEG), a tool with high temporal resolution can be used to understand cortical sources of AV interactions. Methods EEG data was recorded using 128 channels from 30 healthy subjects using audio, visual and AV stimuli in ‘object detection task’. Electrical source imaging was performed using s-LORETA across seven frequency bands (lower alpha 1, lower alpha 2, upper alpha, beta, delta, gamma, theta) during AV versus unimodal conditions across 66 gyri. Results The cortical sources were activated in the theta, beta, and gamma bands in cross modal versus unimodal conditions, which we propose, reflect neural communication for AV interaction network. The cortical sources constituted areas involved with visual processing, auditory processing, established multisensory (frontotemporal cortex, parietal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus) and potential multisensory areas (paracentral, postcentral and subcallosal). Conclusion Together, these results offer an integrative view of cortical areas in frequency oscillations during AV interactions.
“Trying to Bring a Solution Out of the Problem”—Therapeutic Approaches of Indian Mental Health Professionals for Children with Parental Schizophrenia
Authors: Sathiyaseelan Anuradha , Balasundaram Sathiyaseelan , Patangia Bishal , RR Soumya , Nair Parvathy , N Harshita , Santhanam Shruthi , Tevapriyan Samuel Rukhshana 
Published: August 2024

Background Parental schizophrenia is a major public health concern that affects both the individual and the family, particularly children. Children with parents diagnosed with schizophrenia tend to experience negative impacts that can hinder their development. This complex condition demands effective therapeutic interventions aimed at improving the mental health and well-being of both the individual and the family. Material and Methods This study aimed to understand possible therapeutic interventions used to address the clinical issues of children with parental schizophrenia. An interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA) was employed to explore the therapeutic approaches taken by mental health professionals (MHPs) in addressing children whose parents are diagnosed with schizophrenia. A sample of 43 participants, including psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers, was interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed for common themes. Results The findings revealed common themes in interventions aimed at enhancing neurocognitive function and improving behavior through therapy, skills training, and counseling. MHPs also targeted the family through education and positive parenting strategies. The findings emphasized the importance of a comprehensive approach addressing both individual and family aspects. Conclusion MHPs recognized the need for a holistic approach to improve the mental health and well-being of both the individual and the family. This study highlighted the importance of addressing the impact of parental schizophrenia on children and the need for effective therapeutic interventions aimed at improving the mental health and well-being of both the individual and the family.
Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation Studies of Bioactive Compounds from Traditional Medicinal Compounds Against Exfoliative Toxin B from Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Subramani Nandha Kumar , Venugopal Subhashree 
Published: August 2024

Background Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a dermatological condition caused by Staphylococcus aureus, characterized by exfoliative toxin B, and its increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics necessitates the search for new therapeutic options. Aim The study aimed to investigate the potential of traditional medicinal compounds (TMCs) as potential pharmaceuticals against SSSS using molecular-level research. Introduction Staphylococcus aureus, commonly known as S. aureus, is the main cause of SSSS. These infections are a major concern for public health because they are becoming resistant to antibiotics. There is an urgent need for new medications to effectively fight against this infection. The main objective of this study was to assess the interaction between TMC compounds and S. aureus exfoliative toxins ETA and ETB utilizing computational approaches. Materials and Methods The investigation selected TMC compounds based on their potential to combat S. aureus infections. To predict binding affinities with the ETB toxin, molecular docking simulations were performed using AutoDock and AutoDock Vina. In order to evaluate the stability and interaction dynamics with the toxins, the most promising compound was subjected to a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation. Stability was evaluated through various methods. Results Liquiritin showed the highest binding affinity, with a docking score of −7.6 kcal/mol. MD simulation confirmed the complex’s stability, and the binding free energy of −17.76 kcal/mol indicated potent inhibitory activity against S. aureus ETB. Conclusion Liquiritin, a TMC, effectively inhibits S. aureus toxins ETB, with promising potential for treating SSSS and antibiotic-resistant infections, requiring further research.
The Economic Costs of Tobacco Related Illnesses in Kenya
Authors: Mwai Daniel , Gathecha Gladwell , Njuguna David , Ongango Jane , Mwenda Valerian , Kiptui Dorcas , Kendagor Ann , Cheburet Samuel , Mohamed Shukri , Jaguga Florence , Mugi Beatrice , Okinda Kennedy , Odeny Lazarus , Olwanda Easter , Boachie Micheal K. 
Published: August 2024

Objective To estimate the economic costs of selected tobacco-related illnesses (TRI) in Kenya in 2022. Research Design and Methods This study was conducted in 2 phases. Phase 1, conducted between 2021 and 2022, entailed conducting a cross-sectional study conducted in 4 national public referral hospitals in Kenya. Patients with cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or tuberculosis were interviewed to compute the indirect and direct medical costs related to the illness. Activity-Based Costing approach was used to capture costs for services along the continuum of care pathway. In the second phase, the Tobacco Attributable Factor was used to estimate the direct, indirect, and ultimately economic cost due to tobacco smoking. Results The estimated health care cost attributed to tobacco use in Kenya is US$396,107,364. Among TRIs included in the study, myocardial infarction had the highest health care cost at US$158,687,627, followed by peripheral arterial disease and stroke with health care cost of US$64,723,181 and US$44,746,700 respectively. The main cost driver across all the illnesses is the cost for medication accounting for over 90% of the total health care cost. The productivity losses from the diseases ranged between US$148 to US$360 and accounted for 27% to 48% of the economic costs. The total cost attributable to tobacco use to Kenya’s economy for the selected TRIs was between US$544.74 million and US$756.22 million. Conclusions/interpretation Tobacco related illnesses impose a significant economic burden as reported for direct and indirect costs. These findings underscore the need for strengthened implementation of the provision of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the Tobacco Control Act (2007) to facilitate a reduction in tobacco consumption in the population.