bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implication of genotypes for prognosis of Candida glabrata bloodstream infections
Authors: Chen Pao-Yu , Huang Yu-Shan , Chuang Yu-Chung , Wang Jann-Tay , Sheng Wang-Huei , Chen Yee-Chun , Chang Shan-Chwen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Genotyping isolates of a specific pathogen may demonstrate unique patterns of antimicrobial resistance, virulence or outcomes. However, evidence for genotype–outcome association in Candida glabrata is scarce. We aimed to characterize the mycological and clinical relevance of genotypes on C. glabrata bloodstream infections (BSIs).

Methods
Non-duplicated C. glabrata blood isolates from hospitalized adults were genotyped by MLST, and further clustered by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). A clonal complex (CC) was defined by UPGMA similarities of &gt;90%. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by a colorimetric microdilution method and interpreted following CLSI criteria.

Results
Of 48 blood isolates evaluated, 13 STs were identified. CC7 was the leading CC (n = 14; 29.2%), including 13 ST7. The overall fluconazole and echinocandin resistance rates were 6.6% and 0%, respectively. No specific resistance patterns were associated with CC7 or other CCs. Charlson comorbidity index (adjusted OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.05–3.11) was the only predictor for CC7. By multivariable Cox regression analyses, CC7 was independently associated with 28 day mortality [adjusted HR (aHR), 3.28; 95% CI, 1.31–8.23], even after considering potential interaction with neutropenia (aHR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.23–9.42; P for interaction, 0.24) or limited to 34 patients with monomicrobial BSIs (aHR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.15–7.08). Also, the Kaplan–Meier estimate showed greater mortality with CC7 (P = 0.003). Fluconazole resistance or echinocandin therapy had no significant impact on mortality.

Conclusions
Our data suggested comorbid patients were at risk of developing CC7 BSIs. Further, CC7 was independently associated with worse outcomes.
Imipenem reduces the efficacy of vancomycin against Elizabethkingia species
Authors: Yang Ya-Sung , Chen Hsing-Yu , Lin I Chieh , Lin Meng-He , Wang Wei-Yao , Kuo Shu-Chen , Chen Wen-Ting , Cheng Yun-Hsiang , Sun Jun-Ren 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Elizabethkingia spp. are emerging as nosocomial pathogens causing various infections. These pathogens express resistance to a broad range of antibiotics, thus requiring antimicrobial combinations for coverage. However, possible antagonistic interactions between antibiotics have not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial combinations against Elizabethkingia infections, focusing on their impact on pathogenicity, including biofilm production and cell adhesion.

Methods
Double-disc diffusion, time–kill, and chequerboard assays were used for evaluating the combination effects of antibiotics against Elizabethkingia spp. We further examined the antagonistic effects of antibiotic combinations on biofilm formation and adherence to A549 human respiratory epithelial cells. Further validation of the antibiotic interactions and their implications was performed using ex vivo hamster precision-cut lung sections (PCLSs) to mimic in vivo conditions.

Results
Antagonistic effects were observed between cefoxitin, imipenem and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in combination with vancomycin. The antagonism of imipenem toward vancomycin was specific to its effects on the genus Elizabethkingia. Imipenem further hampered the bactericidal effect of vancomycin and impaired its inhibition of biofilm formation and the adhesion of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica ATCC 13253 to human cells. In the ex vivo PCLS model, vancomycin exhibited dose-dependent bactericidal effects; however, the addition of imipenem also reduced the effect of vancomycin.

Conclusions
Imipenem reduced the bactericidal efficacy of vancomycin against Elizabethkingia spp. and compromised its capacity to inhibit biofilm formation, thereby enhancing bacterial adhesion. Clinicians should be aware of the potential issues with the use of these antibiotic combinations when treating Elizabethkingia infections.
On the productivity advantage of cities
Authors: Jacob Nick , Mion Giordano 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Agglomeration externalities are the key factor explaining the existence of cities and their size. However, while the various micro foundations of agglomeration externalities stress the importance of total factor productivity (TFP), the empirical evidence on agglomeration externalities rests on measures obtained using firm revenue or value-added as a measure of firm output: revenue-based TFP (TFP-R). This article uses data on French manufacturing firms’ revenue, quantity, and prices to estimate TFP and TFP-R and decompose the latter into various elements. Our analysis suggests that the revenue productivity advantage of denser areas is mainly driven by higher prices charged rather than differences in TFP. At the same time, firms in denser areas are able to sell higher quantities and generate higher revenues, despite higher prices. These and other results we document suggest that firms in denser areas are able to charge higher prices because they sell higher demand/quality products. In this respect, two key elements related to this capacity to sell more at higher prices are the degree of vertical differentiation and trade cost, with products characterized by higher vertical differentiation and/or lower trade costs featuring stronger patterns and driving overall results.
Seismic wavelet shape-oriented reflectivity inversion method
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Fu Xiaofei , Shi Ying , Cao Siyuan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Reflectivity inversion plays a pivotal role in reservoir prediction. Conventional sparse-spike deconvolution assumes that the reflectivity (reflection coefficient) is sparse, which is solved based on the l1 norm. However, the restricted isometry property (RIP) of wavelet matrix and seismic effective bandwidth limits the accuracy of the sparse-spike reflectivity inversion. Consequently, we investigate the connection between seismic amplitude shape and reflectivity. When the reflectivity contains more non-zero values, the wavelet bandwidth within the effective seismic data bandwidth approaches a limit corresponding to the Sinc wavelet, where the main-lobe amplitude closely approximates the reflectivity. Conversely, when the reflectivity has fewer non-zero values, a wavelet with a smaller sidelobe provides a more accurate approximation of the reflectivity. In this paper, we propose a high-resolution inversion optimization method based on joint l2 norm and l1 norm constraints. By parameter tuning, we construct the Sinc wavelet or the wavelet with a weak-sidelobe corresponding to the seismic spectrum. Subsequently, we determine the extremum to approximate the reflectivity. To mitigate the RIP condition's constraints, we employ the l2 norm to balance the l1 norm (joint constraint) by introducing l2 norm with low-pass filtering characteristics. This approach yields more accurate reflectivity estimates. By taking the extremum, this approach yields more accurate reflectivity estimates. The synthetic test demonstrates that our method achieves better reflectivity inversion accuracy compared to sparse-spike inversion with l1–l2 norm constraint. Furthermore, field tests indicate that the proposed reflectivity inversion method not only can better match the well curve, but also exhibits excellent resolution.
The Barlonyo Massacre, Ongwen’s Trial, and ICC Reparations: Reflections on the Dynamics of Expectations and Disappointment
Authors: Fisher Kirsten J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The International Criminal Court’s reparations mandate is a core feature of the court’s ‘more victim-centric approach’ to criminal justice. While there has been interest in victims’ expectations and satisfaction in regard to the court’s cases, scholars have focused on victims’ participation in trials and not how expectations and disappointment are influenced by investigations, the passage of time, and the promise (explicit or not) of reparations for non-recipient victim communities. This article engages with disappointment theory and economy of expectations to argue that more academic attention needs to be focused on the emotions associated with expectations to increase understanding of the effectiveness of the victim-centric nature of the reparations mandate.
Alternative activation of mast cells by CD4+ T helper cells
Authors: Leveque Edouard , Battut Louise , Petitfils Camille , Valitutti Salvatore , Cenac Nicolas , Dietrich Gilles , Espinosa Eric 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Effector CD4+ T (Teff) lymphocytes infiltrate sites of inflammation and orchestrate the immune response by instructing local leukocytes. Mast cells (MCs) are tissue sentinel cells strategically located near blood vessels and T cell–rich areas. MC/Teff cell interactions shape Teff cell responses, but in turn, Teff cell action on MCs is still poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the human MC/Teff cell interplay through both the application of RNA sequencing and functional assays. We showed that activated Teff cells induce a specific transcriptomic program in MCs including production of both inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, prostaglandin, and a FcεRI-dependent degranulation facilitation, thereby driving them toward an inflammatory phenotype. Moreover, Teff cells induce in MCs the capacity to interact with CD4+ T cells through a wide range of dedicated soluble and membrane ligands and to play the role of antigen-presenting cells.
Alterations to metabolic hormones in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia postmortem human tissue
Authors: Atkinson Rachel A K , Collins Jessica M , Sreedharan Jemeen , King Anna E , Fernandez-Martos Carmen M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Metabolic changes are observed in patients with both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Although regulation of metabolic processes in the CNS is predominantly carried out within the hypothalamus, extra-hypothalamic CNS areas contain metabolic hormone receptors, including those for leptin (LEPR), insulin (INSR), and neuropeptide Y (NPY), indicating that they may play a role in biological processes underlying pathogenic disease processes. The status of these hormones within regions vulnerable in ALS/FTD is not well described. This study sought to determine whether the expression of these hormones and their receptors is altered in pathology-rich regions in cases of human FTD (superior frontal gyrus and insular cortex) and ALS (primary motor cortex and lumbar spinal cord) with TDP-43 pathology compared to matched healthy controls. LEPR mRNA was increased within the superior frontal gyrus of FTD cases and within primary motor cortex and lumbar spinal cord of ALS cases; INSR mRNA was increased in superior frontal gyrus and insular cortex of FTD cases. NPY protein was decreased in primary motor cortex and lumbar spinal cord of ALS cases. Our results demonstrate that metabolic hormones undergo complex alterations in ALS and FTD and suggest that these hormones could play critical roles in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Pediatric Hepatitis C Screening by Maternal Hepatitis C Infection Status During Pregnancy
Authors: DiNicola Julia , Lentscher Anthony , Liu Hui , Chappell Catherine A , Rick Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Screening for perinatal hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections remains low despite increases in the number of at-risk infants. It is unknown if pediatric screening varies by maternal HCV infection status during pregnancy.

Methods
Using a retrospective cohort of mother–infant pairs born from 2015 to 2019, we identified women with HCV and classified their infection status during pregnancy as active, probable, or previous based on HCV RNA testing obtained during pregnancy. We used logistic regression to assess odds ratio (OR) of infant screening based on maternal HCV infection status.

Results
Of the 503 HCV-exposed infants, 137 (27%) were born to women with previous infection, 106 (21%) to women with probable infection, and 260 (52%) to women with active infection. Completion of pediatric screening varied by maternal infection status (43% previous infection; 49% probable infection; 58% active; P = 0.014). Pediatric HCV infection ranged from 1.7 to 7.7% by maternal viral load (VL) status. Infants born to women with active infection were 2.5 times more likely (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.5–4.4) to have a screening test ordered versus infants of previously infected women; there was no difference for infants of women with probable infection (OR:1.6; 95% CI: 0.9–3.2). Test ordering was also associated with maternal smoking status, a visit at ≥18 months of age, and outpatient documentation of HCV exposure. If a test was ordered, there was no difference in test completion by maternal infection status. However, test completion was associated with living with a nonbiologic parent and earlier birth year.

Conclusion
Infants born to women with active infection are more likely to be screened for HCV, but many children continue to be unscreened and pediatric HCV infections are going undetected. New Centers for Disease Control and Prevention pediatric HCV screening guidelines recommending earlier screening may improve screening rates.
Identification of an LysR family transcriptional regulator that activates motility and flagellar gene expression in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Chang Jingyang , Zhou Yining , Li Xue , Zhang Miaomiao , Zhang Yiquan , Ni Bin , Lu Renfei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus utilizes a polar flagellum for swimming in liquids and employs multiple lateral flagella to swarm on surfaces and in viscous environments. The VPA0961 protein is an LysR family transcriptional regulator that can regulate the swimming and swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus, but the detailed regulatory mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Herein, we designated the protein as AcsS, which stands for activator of swimming and swarming motility. Our data provided evidence that deleting the acsS gene significantly reduced both swimming and swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, AcsS was found to activate the expression of both polar (flgA, flgM, flgB, and flgK) and lateral (motY, fliM, lafA, and fliD) flagellar genes. Overexpression of AcsS in Escherichia coli induced the expression of flgA, motY, and lafA, but did not affect the expression of flgB, flgK, flgM, fliM, and fliD. Interestingly, His-tagged AcsS did not bind to the upstream DNA regions of all the tested genes, suggesting indirect regulation. In conclusion, AcsS positively regulated the swimming and swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus by activating the transcription of polar and lateral flagellar genes. This work enriched our understanding of the gene expression regulation within the dual flagellar systems of V. parahaemolyticus.
Personality prediction via multi-task transformer architecture combined with image aesthetics
Authors: Salmani Bajestani Shahryar , Khalilzadeh Mohammad Mahdi , Azarnoosh Mahdi , Kobravi Hamid Reza 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Social media has found its path into the daily lives of people. There are several ways that users communicate in which liking and sharing images stands out. Each image shared by a user can be analyzed from aesthetic and personality traits views. In recent studies, it has been proved that personality traits impact personalized image aesthetics assessment. In this article, the same pattern was studied from a different perspective. So, we evaluated the impact of image aesthetics on personality traits to check if there is any relation between them in this form. Hence, in a two-stage architecture, we have leveraged image aesthetics to predict the personality traits of users. The first stage includes a multi-task deep learning paradigm that consists of an encoder/decoder in which the core of the network is a Swin Transformer. The second stage combines image aesthetics and personality traits with an attention mechanism for personality trait prediction. The results showed that the proposed method had achieved an average Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient (SROCC) of 0.776 in image aesthetic on the Flickr-AES database and an average SROCC of 0.6730 on the PsychoFlickr database, which outperformed related SOTA (State of the Art) studies. The average accuracy performance of the first stage was boosted by 7.02 per cent in the second stage, considering the influence of image aesthetics on personality trait prediction.
Psychosocial Problems and Risk Behaviors Linked to Bullying and Other Forms of Victimization
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews published cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that support the notion of a significant link between exposure to, or participation in, some form of victimization or maltreatment and several psychosocial problems and risk behaviors, including poor quality of life, absenteeism, poor academic performance, school dropout, physical fights, carrying a weapon, adolescent pregnancy, self-injury, suicide attempt, substance abuse, and criminality. In the future, it will be of significant public health value to determine the prevalence of behavioral risks and psychosocial problems affecting individuals who report being exposed to, or involved in, different forms of victimization, while ascertaining the mediator role of any physical or emotional symptoms known to be significantly associated with bullying and other forms of victimization.
Victimization at Home
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines what is known about all forms of maltreatment that can afflict any member of a household. The discussion goes beyond focusing on the notion and significance of child abuse (the most studied aspect of victimization at home for more than five decades). The chapter examines the nature, prevalence, and correlates of mistreatment between siblings or parents, while emphasizing the limited knowledge available about the subject of maltreatment of parents by their children or custodial grandparents by their grandchildren. It expands the scope of domestic victimization by regarding domestic employees as potential victims, and it widens the range of child maltreatment by underscoring the topic of violent discipline, including corporal punishment. It recommends that future research ascertain the frequency of co-occurrence of the diverse types of domestic maltreatment and their cumulative effect, as well as their association with different forms of victimization in other social settings, such as in school and the workplace.
Victimization in Adolescent Dating Relationships
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the nature, prevalence, and health effects of the different forms of victimization that can affect adolescents involved in a dating relationship, as well as its association with maltreatment in other social milieus. The chapter reviews the concept and prevalence of teen dating relationships as well as the different forms of victimization that may affect adolescents involved in dating interactions. Furthermore, the chapter looks at available published research that explored the association of adolescent dating victimization with a variety of correlates, including family context; mental health risks, injuries; suicide, homicide, and other forms of victimization. It also provides a summary of a comprehensive published quantitative review which was aimed at finding relevant randomized controlled trials evaluating effectiveness of adolescent dating violence prevention programs in reducing the prevalence of Adolescent Dating Violence perpetration and/or victimization. Future steps are recommended to develop national prevalence studies about adolescent dating victimization and the risks associated with it, as well as prevention, detection, and intervention strategies.
Bullying and Other Forms of Maltreatment in Prisons
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the nature, prevalence, and risks associated with bullying and other forms of maltreatment occurring in the prison environment and affecting both inmates and staff. It reviews what is known about bullying among inmates and between prison officers, sexual abuse and physical violence in prisons, inmate-on-staff assaults, polyvictimization in prisons, predictors of prison victimization, fear of victimization in prisons, and maltreatment of inmates by the penal system by either abuse or neglect. It advances the notion of the penal system milieu as a workplace, where inmates and staff can be affected by workplace bullying and other forms of victimization. Future research should ascertain the prevalence of all forms of maltreatment affecting people living and working in the penal system. Also, there is a need to determine the health risks linked to exposure to victimization in prisons, as well as to advance strategies for its prevention and detection.
Collapsing molecular clouds with tracer particles – II. Collapse histories
Authors: Collins David C , Le Dan K , Jimenez Vela Luz L 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
In order to develop a complete theory of star formation, one essentially needs to know two things: what collapses and how long it takes. This is the second paper in a series, where we query how long a parcel of gas takes to collapse and the process it undergoes. We embed pseudo-Lagrangian tracer particles in simulations of collapsing molecular clouds, identify the particles that end in dense knots, and then examine the collapse history of the gas. We find a nearly universal behaviour of cruise-then-collapse, wherein a core stays at intermediate densities for a significant fraction of its life before finally collapsing. We identify time immediately before each core collapses, $t_{\rm {sing}}$, and examine how it transitions to high density. We find that the time to collapse is uniformly distributed between $0.25 t_{\rm {ff}}$ and the end of the simulation at $\sim\!\! 1 t_{\rm {ff}}$, and that the duration of collapse is universally short, $\Delta t \sim 0.1 t_{\rm {ff}}$, where $t_{\rm {ff}}$ is the free-fall time at the mean density. We describe the collapse in three stages: collection, hardening, and singularity. Collection sweeps low-density gas into moderate density. Hardening brings kinetic and gravitational energies into quasi-equipartition. Singularity is the free-fall collapse, forming an envelope in rough energy balance and central overdensity in $\sim\!\! 0.1 t_{\rm {ff}}$.