bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can one learn to think like Drucker? Lessons in personality and management education
Authors: Siemsen Hayo , Henning Reschke Carl 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to lay the foundations for new ways of management and personality development by using the same way Peter Drucker developed his ideas. What was this “teaching philosophy”? Where else can it be found? Which learning phenomena are typical for this way of teaching? Can this “teaching philosophy” be replicated? Can it be applied to management in general?Design/methodology/approachThe historical genetic method developed by Ernst Mach from the historical‐critical method. Using this approach the paper traces the origin of Drucker's central ideas for management in his early learning experiences. It then asks the question, in how far can these central ideas be generalized and used to develop the central ideas of Drucker (including the intuitive ones) further? The question is genetically left open, i.e. it is continually transformative.FindingsDrucker was heavily influenced in his way of thinking by his education at a special school in Vienna. The school was organized by Eugenie Schwarzwald. Many of Drucker's ideas on personality development and his intuitive theories on psychology and learning can be traced back to that time. What was especially important for Drucker's later works was the “teaching philosophy” taught by Schwarzwald's teachers.Practical implicationsThere is a direct link between the science teaching results for Finland in the OECD PISA study and Drucker's way of thinking. Drucker acquired an exponential way of learning, instead of a learning based on a linear model. This is what made his thoughts so challenging and ahead of his contemporaries. As the example of Finland shows, this is not a light‐tower method (i.e. a singular phenomenon without empirical evidence of its reproducibility). One can use these ideas in general for all of education and it has been used in over a dozen cases at different around the world times. It is especially valuable in management education of knowledge workers. In such a way, one can create a much more efficient and effective way of education, an “education 2.0”.Originality/valueThis is the first time that Drucker's ideas can be linked to the ideas of Ernst Mach and to similar types of education based on ideas of Mach, such as used in Finland. The empirical results of such methods can therefore not only be found in Drucker's autobiography as a single case, but they can be compared in much more general contexts, for instance in the large‐scale field study OECD PISA study or in Hattie's educational meta‐meta analysis.
Natural transitions: from K‐12 to US academic library instructors
Authors: Olivas Antonia P. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the decision of former traditional K‐12 teachers in the USA who chose a new career path in academic libraries. It focuses on their successes and challenges in higher education settings.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a qualitative‐methods approach which includes a brief questionnaire.FindingsFindings indicate that former K‐12 teachers leave their traditional teaching professions due to bureaucracy but because they enjoy teaching, they seek other opportunities in education. The research also reveals that many of the participants continue to use their K‐12 training in their current instruction positions as academic librarians.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research on this topic should look into more proactive ways of recruiting K‐12 teachers into positions of information literacy instructor in academic libraries.Practical implicationsThose responsible for hiring information literacy instruction librarians will learn the benefits of hiring former K‐12 teachers. The paper will also help encourage academic library leaders to help fund more training opportunities for information literacy librarians.Social implicationsAll around the USA, academic libraries are fostering opportunities for their students to become information literate in the hopes of helping students succeed in college‐level research. As more former K‐12 teachers are hired in higher education academic instruction librarian positions, it could help students make a smoother transition from high school to college‐level researchers.Originality/valueThis research shows that former K‐12 teachers could be a valuable asset to higher education academic libraries.
Counting the uncountable: statistics for web archives
Authors: Oury Clement , Poll Roswitha 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the aims and contents of the ISO Report ISO/TR 14873.Design/methodology/approachFor more than a decade, libraries have started to “collect the web”. National libraries in particular select, collect and store publications and websites from their national domain, seeing this as a task similar to traditional legal deposit. The collection policies and collecting methods vary, so that it is difficult to compare the quantity and quality of the respective web archives.FindingsIn order to harmonize the evaluation of web archives, ISO TC 46 SC 8 has produced a Technical Report that standardizes the terminology and statistics and offers tested indicators for assessing the quality of web archiving.Originality/valueThis paper describes the shortly to be published ISO/TR 14873, a potentially vital guide to harmonize web archive collection internationally.
Issues with contact centres – as a new interface between public organisations and citizens
Authors: Kallberg Maria 
Published: July 2013

PurposeVarious levels of government offer citizens different channels and services using information technology (IT). Within e‐government different types of “e‐services” are used. The communications are made through a user interface consisting of an e‐service application. E‐services are used for digital management of routine matters: records are created, received, maintained, used and disposed during the processes of capturing and maintaining evidence about business activities and transactions. Besides e‐services, public administrations are establishing new channels organised as contact centres, in order to interact more efficiently with the citizens. The establishment of contact centres could be seen as an expression of an integrated approach to manage and control information flows in order to improve and ensure effective services. The purpose of this paper is to identify recordkeeping challenges related to public organisations' e‐government development and documentation practice.Design/methodology/approachThe data presented and analysed are based on a qualitative study of Swedish local governments' (municipalities) establishment and implementation of contact centres during 2011. The study was designed as a multiple case study, using interviews as a data collection method.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that the establishment of contact centres has other motives than the traditional need to use information as evidence for decision making: namely internal business process development and cost savings. The information is captured proactively and serves different purposes, which challenges the strong bond between processes, legislation, organisation and accountability.Practical implicationsThis paper will be of interest to record‐keeping practitioners working in the shift to e‐government.Originality/valueInformation is captured in new ways where the same information serves several interests. This research addresses the importance of including research in the beginning of the life of the record in relation to the influence made by the creator and the social construction of the record as part of archival thinking and research.
Seven management follies that threaten strategic success
Authors: Narayanan V.K. , Fahey Liam 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe objective of the paper is to summarize major faults in the process that later lead to strategy failures. These faults, or follies as the authors term them, infect all stages of the strategy process and can be ameliorated through careful managerial attention and action.Design/methodology/approachThese follies are interconnected, one building on another, but for the sake of exposition the authors treat them separately. They identify seven managerial follies dealing with purview, diagnosis, presumptions, direction, implementation, one‐way communication and willful blindness.FindingsThe authors describe and illustrate the follies with real life examples and argue that these follies can be ameliorated by habits of thought and institution of organizational routines, both levers that can be employed by executives.Practical implicationsBased on the authors' extensive experience, strategic failures are preventable if one avoids the seven follies. To kick start recognition and treatment of the follies, they summarize a set of questions to keep in mind as managers craft strategies.Originality/valueFor each folly, they outline how clear and specific habits of thought and organizational routines can mitigate the potential disastrous consequences of the folly.
Rita McGrath explores the risks and opportunities of the transient‐advantage economy
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to provide an interview with innovation guru Rita Gunther McGrath. In this interview, McGrath offers her own perspective on the new competitive landscape, which she refers to as the “transient advantage economy,” and she sets out to help strategists more fully understand its implications and better navigate its major challenges.Design/methodology/approachIn a world where strategy development itself needs to become more and more a process of innovation and discovery, few are better qualified to offer deep insight and practical help. McGrath is a Professor at Columbia Business School and a globally renowned expert on strategy in uncertain environments.FindingsThe “transient‐advantage economy,” that promises to leave few if any businesses unaffected, calls for an entirely new strategy playbook.Practical implicationsDeeply ingrained structures and systems designed to extract maximum value from a competitive advantage become a liability when the environment requires instead the capacity to surf through waves of short‐lived opportunities.Originality/valueFrom the way we handle innovation, to resource allocation, to change, to the leadership mind‐set and even the management of individual careers, the transient advantage economy calls for a radical rethinking of how we create strategies and manage organizations.
Lessons big‐company leaders can learn from SME entrepreneurs
Authors: Chanyatipsakul Tana , Wongsurawat Winai 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to document the problem‐solving styles of SME entrepreneurs operating in an emerging market.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted in‐depth interviews with ten successful company founders around Bangkok, Thailand. The discussion focused on the entrepreneurs' experiences during the early days of their businesses.FindingsEntrepreneurs embraced risk. They emphasized learning‐by‐doing, leveraging current strengths and preparedness to fail before succeeding.Originality/valueThe authors describe some useful problem‐solving approaches that may be useful to leaders of big companies.
Native ungulates of diverse body sizes collectively regulate long‐term woody plant demography and structure of a semi‐arid savanna
Authors: Sankaran Mahesh , Augustine David J. , Ratnam Jayashree 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Large mammalian herbivores are well recognized to play important roles in regulating woody cover and biomass in savannas, but the extent to which browsing ungulates are capable of regulating woody populations in the absence of other disturbances such as fire is unclear. Moreover, the degree to which browser effects on savannas operate through effects on woody plant recruitment vs. mortality has rarely been examined.

We conducted a 10‐year, replicated herbivore exclusion experiment in a semi‐arid savanna in East Africa (mean annual rainfall = 514 mm), where fires have been actively suppressed for decades. Browsers dramatically influenced recruitment, growth and mortality of all size classes of woody vegetation. A decade of herbivore exclusion resulted in a sevenfold increase in recruitment, a 2.5‐fold decrease in mortality and a threefold increase in woody biomass inside exclosures, while biomass outside exclosures remained relatively unchanged.

At the plant community level, extensive browsing of seedlings by small‐bodied ungulates suppressed woody recruitment in this semi‐arid system, generating a ‘browsing trap’ comparable to the ‘fire trap’ reported for mesic systems. Browsing by large‐ and medium‐bodied ungulates reduced both growth and survival of individuals in larger size classes.

At the plant species level, browser impacts were variable. Although browsers negatively influenced recruitment of all species, they had little to no impact on the mortality of some dominant species, resulting in a long‐term, browser‐driven shift in woody species composition that was largely mediated via their differential effects on plant mortality rates rather than recruitment.

Synthesis. Our results demonstrate unequivocally that, even in the absence of fire, native browsing ungulates can exert dramatic ‘top‐down’ controls in semi‐arid savannas, influencing all aspects of woody plant demography. Besides suppressing woody plant recruitment, browsers can also have substantial cumulative long‐term impacts on growth and mortality rates of woody plants, including adults, which can differ between species in ways that fundamentally alter the structure and function of woody vegetation. In semi‐arid rangelands, intact communities of native browsing ungulates thus provide a critical ecosystem service by regulating woody cover, and their removal (or extinction) from these systems can lead to rapid woody encroachment.
Economic use value of the Belize marine ecosystem: Potential risks and benefits from offshore oil exploration
Authors: Cisneros‐Montemayor Andrés M. , Kirkwood F. Gordon , Harper Sarah , Zeller Dirk , Sumaila U. Rashid 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe announcement of plans for exploratory oil drilling at a number of offshore sites in Belize raised concerns about the risks associated with drilling, particularly given the socio‐economic importance of the marine ecosystem. The current economic value of fisheries and marine ecotourism is estimated, along with the potential revenue from offshore oil and potential economic losses stemming from oil pollution, under various assumptions on risk and uncertainty. Marine fisheries and ecotourism are estimated to generate around US$ 183 million per year. Single‐year estimated maximum revenue is higher for oil extraction initially but quickly declines; during a 50 year (two generation) period, total discounted benefits from marine fisheries and ecotourism are estimated at US$ 5.1 billion, compared to US$ 3.2 billion from offshore oil revenue. Following a hypothetical oil spill, discounted losses in marine fisheries and ecotourism due to perception and ecological impacts are estimated at US$ 912 million, with clean‐up costs and capital losses of US$ 6.1‐10.4 billion. Considering the short extraction life of oil resources compared to fisheries and ecotourism, the difference in benefits increases substantially in favour of the latter with a longer time horizon. A recent public referendum resulted in a 98% vote against oil exploration and a subsequent annulment of oil concessions pending environmental impact assessments.
Cytochrome c oxidase I primers for corbiculate bees: DNA barcode and mini‐barcode
Authors: Françoso E. , Arias M. C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBees (Apidae), of which there are more than 19 900 species, are extremely important for ecosystem services and economic purposes, so taxon identity is a major concern. The goal of this study was to optimize the DNA barcode technique based on the Cytochrome c oxidase (COI) mitochondrial gene region. This approach has previously been shown to be useful in resolving taxonomic inconsistencies and for species identification when morphological data are poor. Specifically, we designed and tested new primers and standardized PCR conditions to amplify the barcode region for bees, focusing on the corbiculate Apids. In addition, primers were designed to amplify small COI amplicons and tested with pinned specimens. Short barcode sequences were easily obtained for some Bombus century‐old museum specimens and shown to be useful as mini‐barcodes. The new primers and PCR conditions established in this study proved to be successful for the amplification of the barcode region for all species tested, regardless of the conditions of tissue preservation. We saw no evidence of Wolbachia or numts amplification by these primers, and so we suggest that these new primers are of broad value for corbiculate bee identification through DNA barcode.
Splitting the Difference? Principled Compromise and Assisted Dying
Authors: Huxtable Richard 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCompromise on moral matters attracts ambivalent reactions, since it seems at once laudable and deplorable. When a hotly‐contested phenomenon like assisted dying is debated, all‐or‐nothing positions tend to be advanced, with little thought given to the desirability of, or prospects for, compromise. In response to recent articles by Søren Holm and Alex Mullock, in this article I argue that principled compromise can be encouraged even in relation to this phenomenon, provided that certain conditions are present (which I suggest they are). In order to qualify as appropriately principled, the ensuing negotiations require disputants to observe three constraints: they should be suitably reflective, reliable and respectful in their dealings with one another. The product that will result from such a process will also need to split the difference between the warring parties. In assisted dying, I argue that a reduced offence of ‘compassionate killing’ can achieve this. I acknowledge, however, that splitting the difference can induce splitting headaches, as there remain certain questions to be answered. Hopefully, however, sufficient work is done here to defend attempts to occupy the middle ground, whether these relate to assisted dying specifically or to other disputed moral matters.
Validity of Tests under Covariate-Adaptive Biased Coin Randomization and Generalized Linear Models
Authors: Shao Jun , Yu Xinxin 
Published: July 2013

SummarySome covariate-adaptive randomization methods have been used in clinical trials for a long time, but little theoretical work has been done about testing hypotheses under covariate-adaptive randomization until Shao et al. (2010) who provided a theory with detailed discussion for responses under linear models. In this article, we establish some asymptotic results for covariate-adaptive biased coin randomization under generalized linear models with possibly unknown link functions. We show that the simple t-test without using any covariate is conservative under covariate-adaptive biased coin randomization in terms of its Type I error rate, and that a valid test using the bootstrap can be constructed. This bootstrap test, utilizing covariates in the randomization scheme, is shown to be asymptotically as efficient as Wald's test correctly using covariates in the analysis. Thus, the efficiency loss due to not using covariates in the analysis can be recovered by utilizing covariates in covariate-adaptive biased coin randomization. Our theory is illustrated with two most popular types of discrete outcomes, binary responses and event counts under the Poisson model, and exponentially distributed continuous responses. We also show that an alternative simple test without using any covariate under the Poisson model has an inflated Type I error rate under simple randomization, but is valid under covariate-adaptive biased coin randomization. Effects on the validity of tests due to model misspecification is also discussed. Simulation studies about the Type I errors and powers of several tests are presented for both discrete and continuous responses.
Innovations in Practice: ‘Off‐label’ clonidine: UK Paediatric and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry prescribing practice for sleep problems
Authors: MacLeod Rebecca L. , Keen Daphne V. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundPsychopharmacological prescribing of clonidine has been described in Australia and in the United States but not in Europe. This study explores UK clinician experience of clonidine ‘off label’ in treating paediatric sleep problems in the context of a paucity of evidence for its use.MethodsSurvey of UK Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists (CAPs) and specialist Paediatricians.ResultsOf 389 respondents (30% Paediatricians, 70% CAPs), 172 prescribed clonidine and 85 having used it for treating sleep. Treatment targets were sleep onset, night waking and nonspecific sleep problems, and carer respite, in patients with significant coexisting neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. Most used clonidine as a second line medication after trying nonpharmacological approaches. The majority reported initial effectiveness, and adverse effects were mild or transient. Issues of reducing long‐term effectiveness, drug tolerance and considerable differences in dosing regimes were identified.ConclusionsClonidine use appears less widespread in the United Kingdom than reported elsewhere. It is seen as a potentially effective and safe intervention but this study highlights the need for good quality RCT evidence for the most effective use of clonidine in paediatric sleep disorders.
Prevalence of spectacles use in Andhra Pradesh, India: Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment project
Authors: Marmamula Srinivas , Khanna Rohit C , Narsaiah Saggam , Shekhar Konegari , Rao Gullapalli N 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the prevalence and patterns of spectacles use in South India state of Andhra Pradesh.DesignA population‐based cross sectional study.ParticipantsSeven thousand eight hundred subjects aged ≥40 years, sampled from one urban and two locations.MethodsTwo‐stage cluster random sampling method was used to enumerate 7800 subjects. Distance visual acuity and near vision were assessed. A questionnaire was used to collect information on current and previous use of spectacles, spectacles providers and type of spectacles. Among those who discontinued use of spectacles, the reasons were elicited.Main Outcome MeasuresThe prevalence of spectacles use and spectacle coverage.ResultsIn total, 7378/7800 subjects (95.0%) were examined. Among those examined, 53.6% were female, 49.5% of them aged between 40 and 49 years, and 62% of them had no education. The overall prevalence of spectacles use was 29.5% (95% confidence interval 28.5–30.4), 30.3% (95% confidence interval 29.0–31.6) in rural area compared with 27.9% (95% confidence interval 26.1–29.7) (P < 0.05) in urban location. Bifocals (72.8%) were the most common type of spectacles. Private eye clinics were the leading spectacles provider in all three regions. On applying multiple logistic regression, the odds of spectacles use increased with increasing age and were significantly higher for rural residents and those with higher levels of education. The spectacle coverage was 38.0% and 27% for refractive errors and presbyopia, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough prevalence of spectacles use is moderate, the spectacle coverage for both refractive errors and presbyopia is low. The strategies are required to improve the spectacle coverage in the region.