bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Lookback Period’s Length Used to Identify Incident Acute Myocardial Infarction on the Observed Trends on Incidence Rates and Survival
Authors: Sulo Gerhard , Igland Jannicke , Vollset Stein Emil , Nygård Ottar , Egeland Grace M. , Ebbing Marta , Sulo Enxhela , Tell Grethe S. 
Published: June 2015

Background—
In studies using patient administrative data, the identification of the first (incident) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in an individual is based on retrospectively excluding previous hospitalizations for the same condition during a fixed time period (lookback period [LP]). Our aim was to investigate whether the length of the LP used to identify the first AMI had an effect on trends in AMI incidence and subsequent survival in a nationwide study.

Methods and Results—

All AMI events during 1994 to 2009 were retrieved from the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway project. Incident AMIs during 2004 to 2009 were identified using LPs of 10, 8, 7, 5, and 3 years. For each LP, we calculated time trends in incident AMI and subsequent 28-day and 1-year mortality rates. Results obtained from analyses using the LP of 10 years were compared with those obtained using shorter LPs. In men, AMI incidence rates declined by 4.2% during 2004 to 2009 (incidence rate ratio, 0.958; 95% confidence interval, 0.935–0.982). The use of other LPs produced similar results, not significantly different from the LP of 10 years. In women, AMI incidence rates declined by 7.3% (incidence rate ratio, 0.927; 95% confidence interval, 0.901–0.955) when an LP of 10 years was used. The decline was statistically significantly smaller for the LP of 5 years (6.2% versus 7.3%;
P
=0.02) and 3 years (5.9% versus 7.3%;
P
=0.03). The choice of LP did not influence trends in 28-day and 1-year mortality rates.

Conclusions—
The length of LP may influence the observed time trends in incident AMIs. This effect is more evident in older women.
The Powerful and Vulnerable Intercultural Encounters of Jesus
Authors: Hertig Paul 
Published: June 2015

In this reading of the New Testament record, Jesus approached intercultural situations with wisdom, grace, and sensitivity. He interacted with Gentiles, marveled at their faith, and even sent them as missionaries to their own people. He followed cultural patterns when they were helpful; he resisted cultural patterns when they were hurtful. He often interacted with people whom even his disciples wanted to avoid. Through humility and vulnerability, he created an atmosphere that elicits transparency and transformation. Jesus walked along borderlands and traversed across borders into Gentile regions. In doing so, he engaged in intense theological discussions with a Canaanite woman and a Samaritan woman, and, in both cases, met them in their brokenness and met their deepest needs. At times he interacted with high people of society, for instance, the centurion. Prior to healing his servant, Jesus marveled at the centurion’s faith, declaring it greater than all of Israel.
This article argues that, though each intercultural context proved to be unique, Jesus contextually tailored his approach to the individual. While respectful of cultural customs, he boldly broke through cultural barriers that caused brokenness and oppression. Jesus carried on conversations with skill and sensitivity. He filled his conversation with questions, metaphors, and dialogue, thus respecting individuals and their cultural contexts.
Anatomy of the lymph node venous networks of the groin and their investigation by ultrasonography
Authors: Uhl Jean Francois , Lo Vuolo Miguel , Labropoulos Nicos 
Published: June 2015

Objective To describe the anatomy of the lymph node venous networks of the groin and their assessment by ultrasonography. Material and methods Anatomical dissection of 400 limbs in 200 fresh cadavers following latex injection as well as analysis of 100 CT venograms. Routine ultrasound examinations were done in patients with chronic venous disease. Results Lymph node venous networks were found in either normal subjects or chronic venous disease patients with no history of operation. These networks have three main characteristics: they cross the nodes, are connected to the femoral vein by direct perforators, and join the great saphenous vein and/or anterior accessory great saphenous vein. After groin surgery, lymph node venous networks are commonly seen as a dilated and refluxing network with a dystrophic aspect. We found dilated lymph node venous networks in about 15% of the dissected cadavers. Conclusion It is likely that lymph node venous networks represent remodeling and dystrophic changes of a normal pre-existing network rather than neovessels related to angiogenic factors that occur as a result of an inflammatory response to surgery. The so-called neovascularization after surgery could, in a number of cases, actually be the onset of dystrophic lymph node venous networks. Lymph node venous networks are an ever-present anatomical finding in the groin area. Their dilatation as well as the presence of reflux should be ruled out by US examination of the venous system as they represent a contraindication to a groin approach, particularly in recurrent varicose veins after surgery patients. A refluxing lymph node venous network should be treated by echo-guided foam injection.
How should we manage anxiety in patients with schizophrenia?
Authors: Bosanac Peter , Castle David 
Published: June 2015

Objective: We aim to provide a selective clinically focused review of the epidemiology, aetiology and management of comorbid anxiety in people with schizophrenia. Method: The following databases were reviewed: PubMed, Medline and Embase. Results: Anxiety is highly prevalent throughout course of schizophrenia, but is often not identified or its clinical significance is under-appreciated. Also, there is a paucity of rigorous data to support specific treatment guidelines for people with schizophrenia and concurrent anxiety disorders. Psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioural therapy appear effective if targeted carefully, and preliminary data suggest that mindfulness approaches and progressive muscle relaxation may be beneficial. Pharmacological interventions need to be tailored to the individual and target specific symptom sets. There is a growing evidence base about the neurobiology of schizophrenia and concurrent anxiety symptoms or disorders which will hopefully enhance treatment options. Conclusions: Further research is required to guide treatment guidelines for anxiety in people with schizophrenia.
Some Comments on Compositional Analysis in Management and Production Engineering
Authors: Vives-Mestres Marina , Martín-Fernández Josep A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This paper introduces the most basic concepts of the compositional analysis of data with a simple but real example form the Management and Production Engineering (MPE) field. Compositional Data (CoDa) are vectors of positive elements that represent parts of a whole and are widely found in MPE, i.e. production times, resource composition, percentage utilization of work stands, waste components. . . The need for an analysis based on ratios of components (or better log-ratios of components) is illustrated step by step, and findings are compared to the corresponding standard methods applied to raw compositions. The paper also exposes the principles of CoDa analysis and presents two basic descriptive tools suitable for CoDa: the clr-biplot and the CoDa dendrogram. The example is a time series, from 1994 to 2013, of motor vehicle production in 8 countries and regions.
Emission of Gravitational Waves from a Magnetohydrodynamic Dynamo in the Center of the Sun
Authors: Winterberg Friedwardt 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
By Birkhoff’s theorem a spherical symmetric convection pattern, as it is assumed to exist for main sequence stars as our sun, cannot lead to the emission of gravitational waves, but all stars that have a magnetic field generated by a magnetohydrodynamic dynamo must by a theorem of Cowling have a non-spherical symmetric convections pattern and for this reason have to emit gravitational waves. The intensity of the thusly emitted gravitational waves depends on the efficiency of this dynamo, expressed by the departure from a spherical convection pattern. The magnitude of the asymmetry is determined by a solution of Elsaesser’s dynamo equations which only recently has become possible with supercomputers. The waves are emitted through large mass motions in the center of the sun by a thermonuclear fusion reaction-driven magnetohydrodynamic dynamo, with thermomagnetic currents in the tachocline shielding the strong magnetic field in the solar core. Using the moon as a large Weber bar, the gravitational waves are focused into the lunar shadow by Poisson diffraction where their effect might become observable during a total solar eclipse.
An Early Feeding Practices Intervention for Obesity Prevention
Authors: Daniels Lynne Allison , Mallan Kimberley Margaret , Nicholson Jan Maree , Thorpe Karen , Nambiar Smita , Mauch Chelsea Emma , Magarey Anthea 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE:
Report long-term outcomes of the NOURISH randomized controlled trial (RCT), which evaluated a universal intervention commencing in infancy to provide anticipatory guidance to first-time mothers on “protective” complementary feeding practices that were hypothesized to reduce childhood obesity risk.

METHODS:
The NOURISH RCT enrolled 698 mothers (mean age 30.1 years, SD = 5.3) with healthy term infants (51% female). Mothers were randomly allocated to usual care or to attend two 6-session, 12-week group education modules. Outcomes were assessed 5 times: baseline (infants 4.3 months); 6 months after module 1 (infants 14 months); 6 months after module 2 (infants 2 years) and at 3.5 and 5 years of age. Maternal feeding practices were self-reported using validated questionnaires. BMI Z-score was calculated from measured child height and weight. Linear mixed models evaluated intervention (group) effect across time.

RESULTS:
Retention at age 5 years was 61%. Across ages 2 to 5 years, intervention mothers reported less frequent use of nonresponsive feeding practices on 6 of 9 scales. At 5 years, they also reported more appropriate responses to food refusal on 7 of 12 items (Ps ≤ .05). No statistically significant group effect was noted for anthropometric outcomes (BMI Z-score: P = .06) or the prevalence of overweight/obesity (control 13.3% vs intervention 11.4%, P = .66).

CONCLUSIONS:
Anticipatory guidance on complementary feeding resulted in first-time mothers reporting increased use of protective feeding practices. These intervention effects were sustained up to 5 years of age and were paralleled by a nonsignificant trend for lower child BMI Z-scores at all postintervention assessment points.
Liming with dolomite reduces the efficacy of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis against cabbage clubroot
Authors: Botero Andrea , Gómez Iván , Benítez Édgar , García Celsa 
Published: June 2015

<p><span>Cabbage clubroot<em> </em>is a major constraint for the pro</span><span lang="EN-US">duction of cruciferous species. This research aimed to explore the effect of <em>Trichoderma koningiopsis </em>(as the wettable powder formulated product Tricotec®) and dolomite on the disease and crop growth of cabbage. This study was carried out in a field with a prolonged history of clubroot incidence. The trial was set up in a randomized complete block design with five repetitions. The following treatments were applied: 0) absolute control; 1 and 2) liming with dolomite at 1.0 and 2.1 t ha<sup>-1</sup>; 3) Tricotec® at 200 g ha<sup>-1</sup>; 4) combination of treatments 1 and 3; 5) combination of treatments 3 and 4. The treatment with just Tricotec® applications gave the lowest disease incidence and severity and the heaviest plant dry weight. Joint applications of Tricotec® and dolomite at 2.1 t ha<sup>-1</sup> reduced the crop growth variables and had the highest disease intensity. The <em>Trichoderma</em> concentration in the soil was increased by a factor of 10 in the plots that received just Tricotec®, but not in the limed plots. These results showed that <em>T. koningiopsis,</em> in a Tricotec® formulation, is a promising candidate for the control of cabbage clubroot and that its biological activity is affected by dolomite when applied jointly at 2.1 t ha<sup>-1</sup>.</span></p>
Stifle arthrodesis using a locking plate system in six dogs
Authors: Nicetto T. , Petazzoni M. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryObjectives: To describe the use of the Fixin locking plate system for stifle arthrodesis in dogs and to retrospectively report the clinical and radiographic outcomes in six cases.[uni2028]Materials and methods: Medical records of dogs that had arthrodesis with the Fixin locking plate system were reviewed. For each patient, data pertaining to signalment and implant used were recorded. Plate series and thickness, number of screws placed, number of cortices engaged, and screw diameters were also recorded. The outcome was determined from clinical and radiographic followups. Radiographic outcomes assessed included the measurement of the postoperative femoral-tibial angle in the sagittal plane.Results: Six dogs met the inclusion criteria for the study. Mean body weight was 13 kg (range: 3 - 34 kg). Radiographic follow-up (mean: 32 weeks, range: 3 - 52 weeks) was available for all dogs. In one case, an intra-operative complication occurred. In another case, a tibial fracture occurred 20 days after surgery. All arthrodeses healed and no implant complication was detected although all cases had mechanical lameness.Clinical significance: Stifle arthrodesis can be performed successfully using a Fixin locking plate system.
Comparaison environnementale des systèmes de gestion des déchets solides municipaux. Analyse de cas de Yaoundé au Cameroun
Authors: Ngnikam Emmanuel , Rousseaux Patrick , Tanawa Émile , Gourdon Rémy 
Published: June 2015

The evaluation of environmental impact of urban waste management systems is the objective of this work. The case of Yaounde is analysed in this paper. Four systems of management have been considered for the analyses. System 1 is the traditional collection and landfill disposal. In system 2 the biogas produced in the landfill is recovered to produce electricity. In systems 3 and 4, in addition to the collection, a centralised composting or biogas plant has been introduced before the landfill disposal of refuse. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), has proven more adapted to evaluate these four systems. The stages which have been studied are : the collection, the transportation, the treatment, the transportation of compost on a distance of 70 km, the landfill disposal of refuse. The analysis of the different outputs has allowed to take into account six impact classes allocated by the waste management systems studied. These impact classes constitute the environmental criteria taking into account the multicriteria analysis of the four systems. At the environmental level, system 2 has been shown as the most effective.
L’évaluation des incidences environnementales des systèmes de gestion des déchets urbains constitue l’objectif de ce travail. Le cas de la ville de Yaoundé au Cameroun a été spécifiquement analysé. Quatre systèmes de gestion ont servi de base aux analyses effectuées. Le système 1 est constitué par la collecte traditionnelle et la mise en décharge des déchets bruts. Dans le système 2 le biogaz qui est produit après la mise en décharge est récupéré pour produire de l’électricité. Les systèmes 3 et 4, considèrent après la collecte, une étape de traitement par compostage et méthanisation en réacteur et de mise en décharge des déchets ultimes. La méthode d’analyse de cycle de vie (ACV), a été utilisée pour évaluer ces quatre systèmes. Pour cela, les étapes suivantes ont été étudiées : la collecte, le transport, le traitement, le transport des sous-produits sur une distance de 70 km, la mise en décharge des résidus. L’analyse des différents rejets a permis de recenser six classes d’impact pour les systèmes de gestion des déchets étudiés. Ces classes d’impact constituent les critères environnementaux pour l’évaluation environnementale des quatre systèmes en utilisant les outils d’analyse multicritère. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que sur le plan environnemental, le système 2 se dégage comme le plus performant.
Une démarche intégrée pour la maîtrise de la gestion des déchets solides urbains au Cameroun
Authors: Ngnikam Emmanuel , Vermande Paul , Tanawa Mile , Wethe Joseph 
Published: June 2015

Between 1993 and 1995, the main town of Cameroon been going through a multifaceted waste management crisis. This is observed at several domain: collecting, treatment and recycling. From this situation, the town planning laboratory of the national Engineering school of Yaoundé with the financial support of some councils and International Donator undertook some operation to solve definitively the problem. At the first time, our effort has been concentrated on Douala and Yaoundé town. This paper presented the main result. Another to defined the strategy of management of garbage, an evaluation of the global flow is hence proposed. It gives a global production of 920 tons of sol id wastes in Yaounde of which 800 tons are from households; and 1232 tons in Douala, 1000 tons coming from households. In Yaounde, one phase composting has been developed in some poor neighbourhoods. This seems to be a good alternative solution as most of the population is taking to it.
Entre 1993 et 1995, toutes les villes du Cameroun, comme la plupart des grandes villes d'Afrique ont été confrontées à une crise généralisée du système de collecte, de ramassage, de traitement et de recyclage des déchets urbains. Face à cette situation, le laboratoire aménagement urbain soutenu par des municipalités et des bailleurs de fonds internationaux a entrepris toute une série d'opérations devant contribuer à une solution durable des problèmes posés. Dans un premier temps les efforts ont été concentrés sur Douala (1,5 million d'habitants) et Yaoundé (1 million d'habitants). Cet article présente les principaux résultats obtenus tout en montrant en quoi les démarches adoptées sont spécifiques. Afin de définir une stratégie de gestion durable des déchets, une évaluation du flux globale a été effectuée. Elle donne une production globale de 920 t/j de déchets solides à Yaoundé dont 800 tonnes d'ordures ménagères (OM) et 1232 t/j à Douala dont 1000 tonnes d'OM. Parallèlement, le compostage rustique est développé dans les quartiers pauvres de la ville de Yaoundé et constitue une solution alternative que les populations se sont rapidement appropriées.
Caractérisation des ordures ménagères à Nouakchott : Partie II : Résultats en saison sèche et en saison humide
Authors: Aloueimine S. , Matejka G. , Zurbrugg C. , Sidi Mohamed M. 
Published: June 2015

Characterization of the Nouakchott household solid waste stream destined for landfilling revealed a waste density of 0.41 kg/m3 and a moisture content of 9%, which is low compared to other countries. Generation rates averaged 0.21 kg per capita day?1 (0.19; 0.23 and 0.22 kg per capita day?1 respectively at the low, medium and the high income level). These rates do not show a relationship between income level and quantity of waste generated, and this is likely due to the contribution of fines in the waste stream. When the fines are neglected, there is a clear increase in per capita waste generation rate with income level (0.12; 0.15 et 0.18 kg per capita day?1 respectively for the low, the medium and the high income residents).The low generation rates of household waste in general in Nouakchott are due to the fact that the organic fraction of the waste stream is traditionally withheld for use as supplementary feed for domestic cattle. This practice constitutes source reduction, and when this waste stream is taken into account, the amount of household refuse produced in Nouakchott is about 0.35 kg per capita day?1, with generation rates of 0.30; 0.34 and 0, 40 kg per capita day?1 respectively at the low, medium and the high income levels. There were distinct seasonal variations, with a relatively significant increase in waste generation rates in the dry season compared to the wet one. The most important difference was obtained in the low income strata, where the dry season rates increased about +47% above levels in the wet season.
Caractérisées par une densité de 0,41 et une humidité moyenne très faible par rapport aux autres pays (9 %), les ordures ménagères à évacuer sont générées à Nouakchott en moyenne à raison de 0,21 kg/hab/j, soit 0,19 ; 0,23 et 0,22 kg/hab/j respectivement chez les ménages de revenu faible, moyen et élevé. Ces taux ne mettent pas en évidence la relation entre le niveau de vie et la quantité de déchets produite, mais cette situation est due à l’apport de la fraction des fines. En effet, si l’on néglige l’apport de cette dernière dans les trois standings, on constate une nette augmentation des ratios en fonction du niveau de vie des populations (0,12 ; 0,15 et 0,18 kg/hab/j).Ces faibles taux de génération des OM sont dus en général a la valorisation des déchets fermentescibles comme aliment de bétail au niveau des ménages. Si on tient compte de cette matière organique valorisée au niveau des ménages, ces ratios atteignent respectivement 0,30 ; 0,34 et 0,40 kg/hab/j, soit une production moyenne a Nouakchott de 0,35 kg/hab/j.Les variations saisonnières montrent une augmentation relativement importante de la production journalière en saison sèche par rapport à la saison humide, particulièrement dans les ménages du bas standing (+ 47 %).