bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between ethylene and auxin are crucial to the control of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry ripening
Authors: Böttcher Christine , Burbidge Crista A , Boss Paul K , Davies Christopher 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundFruit development is controlled by plant hormones, but the role of hormone interactions during fruit ripening is poorly understood. Interactions between ethylene and the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are likely to be crucial during the ripening process, since both hormones have been shown to be implicated in the control of ripening in a range of different fruit species.ResultsGrapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) homologues of the TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED (TAR) and YUCCA families, functioning in the only characterized pathway of auxin biosynthesis, were identified and the expression of severalTARgenes was shown to be induced by the pre-ripening application of the ethylene-releasing compound Ethrel. The induction ofTARexpression was accompanied by increased IAA and IAA-Asp concentrations, indicative of an upregulation of auxin biosynthesis and conjugation. Exposure ofex planta,pre-ripening berries to the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine resulted in decreased IAA and IAA-Asp concentrations. The delayed initiation of ripening observed in Ethrel-treated berries might therefore represent an indirect ethylene effect mediated by increased auxin concentrations. During berry development, the expression of threeTARgenes and oneYUCCAgene was upregulated at the time of ripening initiation and/or during ripening. This increase in auxin biosynthesis gene expression was preceded by high expression levels of the ethylene biosynthesis genes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase.ConclusionsIn grape berries, members of both gene families involved in the two-step pathway of auxin biosynthesis are expressed, suggesting that IAA is produced through the combined action of TAR and YUCCA proteins in developing berries. The induction ofTARexpression by Ethrel applications and the developmental expression patterns of auxin and ethylene biosynthesis genes indicate that elevated concentrations of ethylene prior to the initiation of ripening might lead to an increased production of IAA, suggesting a complex involvement of this auxin and its conjugates in grape berry ripening.
Statistical validation of wavelet transform coherence method to assess the transfer of calf muscle activation to blood pressure during quiet standing
Authors: Garg Amanmeet , Xu Da , Blaber Andrew P 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundContinuous and discrete wavelet transforms have been established as valid tools to analyze non-stationary and transient signals over Fourier domain methods. Additionally, Fourier transform based coherence methods provide aggregate results but do not provide insights into the changes in coherent behavior over time, hence limiting their utility.MethodsStatistical validation of the wavelet transform coherence (WTC) was conducted with simulated data sets. Time frequency maps of signal coherence between calf muscle electromyography (EMG) and blood pressure (BP) were obtained by WTC to provide further insight into their interdependent time-varying behavior via the skeletal muscle pump during quiet stance. Data were collected from healthy young males (n = 5, 19–28 years) during a quiet stance on a balance platform. Waveforms for EMG and BP were acquired and processed for further analysis.ResultsLow values of bias and standard deviation (< 0.1) were observed and the use of both simulated and real data demonstrated that the WTC method was able to identify time points of significant coherence (> Threshold) and objectively detect existence of interdependent activity between the calf muscle EMG and blood pressure.ConclusionsThe WTC method effectively identified the presence of linear coupling between the EMG and BP signals during quiet standing. Future studies with more human data are needed to establish the exact characteristics of the identified relationship.
Tailoring the recovery force in magnetic shape-memory nanocomposites
Authors: Behl M. , Razzaq M.Y. , Lendlein A. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTComposites from magnetic nanoparticles in a shape-memory polymer (SMP) matrix allow a remote actuation of the shape-memory effect by exposure to alternating magnetic fields. At the same time the incorporation of MNP may affect the thermal properties and the structural functions of the SMP.Here, we explored the adjustability of the recovery force as an important structural function in magnetic shape-memory nanocomposites (mSMC) by variation of the programing temperature (Tprog) and nanoparticle weight content. The nanocomposites were prepared by coextrusion of silica coated magnetite nanoparticles (mNP) with an amorphous polyether urethane (PEU) matrix. In tensile tests in which Tprog was varied between 25 and 70 °C and the particle content from 0 to 10 wt% it was found that the Young’s moduli (E) decreased with temperature and particle content. Cyclic, thermomechanical experiments with a recovery module under strain-control conditions were performed to monitor the effect of mNP and Tprog on the recovery force of the composites. During the strain-control recovery the maximum stress (σm,r) at a characteristic temperature (Tσ,max) was recorded. By increasing the mNP content from 0 to 10 wt% in composites, σm,r of 1.9 MPa was decreased to 1.25 MPa at a Tprog = 25 °C. A similar decrease in σm,r for nanocomposites with different mNP content could be observed when Tprog was increased from 25 °C to 70 °C. It can be concluded that the lower the deformation temperature and the particle content the higher is the recovery force.
Tailoring of Mechanical Properties of Diisocyanate Crosslinked Gelatin-Based Hydrogels
Authors: Neffe Axel T. , Gebauer Tim , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPolymer network formation is an important tool for tailoring mechanical properties of polymeric materials. One option to synthesize a network is the addition of bivalent crosslinkers reacting with functional groups present in a polymer. In case of polymer network syntheses based on biopolymers, performing such a crosslinking reaction in water is sometimes necessary in view of the solubility of the biopolymer, such as gelatin, and can be beneficial to avoid potential contamination of the formed material with organic solvents in view of applications in biomedicine. In the case of applying diisocyanates for the crosslinking in water, it is necessary to show that the low molecular weight bifunctional crosslinker has fully reacted, while tailoring of the mechanical properties of the resulting hydrogels is possible despite the complex reaction mechanism. Here, the formation of gelatin-based hydrogel networks with the diisocyanates 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 1,4-butane diisocyanate, and isophorone diisocyanate is presented. It is shown that extensive washing of materials is required to ensure full conversion of the diisocyanates. The use of different diisocyanates gives hydrogels covering a large range of Young’s moduli (12-450 kPa). The elongations at break (up to 83%) as well as the maximum tensile strengths (up to 410 kPa) of the hydrogels described here are much higher than for lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester crosslinked gelatin reported before. Rheological investigations suggest that the network formation in some cases is due to physical interactions and entanglements rather than covalent crosslink formation.
Synthesis and characterization of a silylated Brazilian clay mineral surface
Authors: Silva Márcia , Gomes Saloana , Fonseca Maria , Sousa Kaline , Espínola José , Silva Filho Edson 
Published: December 2013

AbstractClay mineral containing kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite was organofunctionalized with silylating agents: (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl-trimethoxysilane and (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxy-silane, to yield three hybrids labelled Clay1, Clay2 and Clay3, respectively. These solids were characterized using elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron micrograph, and 29Si and 27Al solid state NMR. Immobilized quantities of the organic groups were 0.66 mmol g−1, 0.48 mmol g−1 and 0.88 mmol g−1 for Clayx (x = 1–3), respectively. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the immobilization of silanes onto the surface without changes in the textural properties of the clay mineral as noted from the SEM images. Spectroscopic measurements were in agreement with the covalent bonding between the silanes and the hydroxyl groups deposited on the surface. The new hybrids were utilized as adsorbents of cobalt in aqueous solution, with retention values of 0.78 mmol g−1, 1.1 mmol g−1 and 0.70 mmol g−1 for Clayx (x = 1–3), respectively.
Risks associated with tandem release of large and small ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in heterospecific aphidophagous guilds
Authors: Omkar  , Mishra Geetanjali , Kumar Bhupendra , Singh Neha , Pandey Garima 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMultiple interactions occurring within aphidophagous guilds determine their final predation outcomes, i.e., antagonistic, additive, or synergistic. Based on these predatory outcomes, the suitability of guilds in suppressing aphid pests is determined. The present study assesses the efficacy of 11 guilds, formed from both larval and adult stages of four locally abundant aphidophagous coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), while exploiting the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The observed antagonistic effects within these guilds are resultants of enhanced predator–predator interactions due to the size and diversity of guild predators. Smaller ladybird predators maintained their usual body mass, probably by increasing their conversion efficiencies to compensate for their reduced prey consumption. However, larger ladybirds reported loss in their body mass, owing to their higher energy needs. The overall guild conversion efficiencies and growth rates were reduced. Among the experimental guilds, the observed prey mortalities were relatively higher in two-predator guilds, and within these two-predator combinations, the higher prey mortalities were recorded in those guilds where Coccinella septempunctata was one of the predators.
Early Results of the Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy for Symptomatic Dysplasia in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Authors: Stover Michael D. , Podeszwa David A. , De La Rocha Adriana , Sucato Daniel J. 
Published: December 2013

Introduction Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTD) is one of the most common inherited neurologic disorders and can be associated with hip dysplasia. Little is known regarding outcomes of the PAO for patients with CMTD. Our purpose is to document the early results and complications of the PAO for hip dysplasia associated with CMTD. Methods A two centre, retrospective clinical and radiographic review was performed. Demographic and surgical data were recorded. Pre- and postoperative lateral centre edge angle (LCEA), acetabular index (AI), ventral centre edge angle (VCEA), and Tönnis osteoarthritis grade were compared. Hips were classified according to Severin. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the Western Ontario and McMasters University (WOMAC) index documented self-reported function. Results Nineteen hips in 14 patients underwent PAO, mean age 16.2 (range 11.2–21 years). Thirteen concomitant procedures were performed, including seven proximal femoral osteotomies. Average follow-up was 3.4 years (range 0.9–8.5). Postoperative radiographic measurements significantly improved. Complications included femoral head AVN ( 1 ), transient complete bilateral peroneal nerve palsy ( 1 ), inferior rami fractures ( 4 ), and heterotopic ossification (Brooker stage 3) ( 1 ). The HHS significantly improved from a mean 49.6 pre-operatively to 82.2 at final follow-up of four patients. Seven subjects reported a mean postoperative WOMAC score of 94 (range 58.3–100). Conclusions Most patients presented with severe dysplasia in the second decade of life. The PAO successfully corrected the radiographic abnormalities. Complications were common. The majority of patients reported improved outcomes, although seven showed signs of radiographic progression of osteoarthritis.
Habilidades de autocontrol aplicadas a la seguridad en el trabajo
Authors: López-Mena Luis 
Published: December 2013

En este trabajo se propone y se aplica un modelo de intervención dirigido a facilitar a los trabajadores la incorporación de habilidades de autocontrol de su propia conducta para contribuir al desarrollo de comportamientos de autoprotección frente a los riesgos profesionales en su lugar de trabajo. El modelo consta de dos etapas y cuatro pasos a) identificación de la spropias conductas de riesgo; b) autoobservación de al menos una de estas conductas; c) intervención propiamente dicha mediante técnicas de análisis de conducta aplicado y d) formulación de metas.En una experiencia de tipo exploratorio efectuada en una fundición de concentrado de cobre, se encontró que los trabajadores eran capaces de cumplir con sus autocontratos hasta en un 81% en promedio. La experiencia fue valorada positivamente por los involucrados y su entrenamiento en habilidades de autocontrol fue utilizada además en ámbitos diferentes a la seguridad, tales como sobreendeudamiento y consumo excesivo de comidas y alcohol. Como elemento de validación externa los accidentes de trabajo disminuyeron, y la empresa mejoró notoriamente su posición relativa en el conjunto de empresas del rubro a nivel nacional. Por primera vez, alcanzó un registro de un milllón horas-hombre trabajadas sin accidentes.
Descripción de patrones de apego en menores institucionalizados con problemas conductuales
Authors: Méndez Tapia Lorena , González Bravo Luis 
Published: December 2013

La presente investigación evalúa patrones de apego en niños institucionalizados con problemas conductuales, utilizando criterios DSM- IV y la escala RADQ de Randolph, a través de un diseño de investigación alternativo a la situación extraña de Ainsworth y al AAI. Habiendo obtenido puntajes aceptables de validez yconfiabilidad para el RADQ, se encontró que el 37, 9 % de los menores identificados con problemas conductuales cumplían los criterios DSM-IV para trastorno reactivo de la vinculación y un 20, 7 % de la muestra cumplían los criterios diagnósticos de AD. Así mismo, el patrón de apego con más prevalencia corresponde al tipo ansioso, con un 38.3%. Se revisan los alcances y limitaciones de estos hallazgos.
El cuestionario de dolor de McGill (McGill Pain Questionnaire -MPQ) : consideraciones lingüísticas y estadísticas
Authors: Boyle Gregory J. , Fernández Ephrem , Ortet Generós 
Published: December 2013

El cuestionario del dolor de McGill (Melzack, 1975) es el instrumento de evaluación de dolor de mayor difusión. El MPQ consta de 20 subclases de descriptores verbales de dolor que miden las dimensiones (categorías) sensorial, afectiva y evaluativa. También se otorga una puntuación de intensidad para cada descriptor dentro de cada subclase. Seis de los 84 ítems permiten obtener un índice que mide la intensidad del dolor en su conjunto. No obstante, a pesar de su popularidad internacional (se ha traducido a lo menos a 15 idiomas diferentes, incluidos el castellano y el portugués), el MPQ presenta algunas limitaciones psicométricas importantes que afectan su validez.Por ejemplo, los sistemas de puntuación resultan complicados psicométricamente, lo que genera dudas sobre la fiabilidad de las puntuaciones de las subclases; varios descriptores verbales pertenecientes a la dimensión evaluativa, en realidad describen aspectos afectivos; y algunos descriptores son difíciles de comprender por muchos pacientes.También aparecen problemas por el número desigual de descriptores dentro de las subclases, el número distinto de subclases dentro de cada categoría, la variabilidad en los rangos y en las puntuaciones de intervalo de los descriptores, la ambigüedad de algunos descriptores y la poca correspondencia entre las traducciones. Asimismo, comparada con la dimensión sensorial, la proporción de varianza explicada por la dimensión afectiva es tan sólo del 50%, mientras que la dimensión evaluativa explica un mero 10%. La poca estabilidad de la estructura factorial del MPQ resulta también problemática y sólo tres categorías pueden llevar a la pérdida de información diagnóstica debido a la restricción de la varianza. De hecho, varios estudios han sugerido que se necesita una amplia reestructuración del MPQ. En este sentido, se ofrecen sugerencias basadas en trabajos empíricos con el MPQ en un intento de mejorar un instrumento de evaluación del dolor muy valioso y aceptado.
La Psicología Ambiental en el Siglo 21: El Desafío del Desarrollo Sustentable
Authors: Moser Gabriel 
Published: December 2013

Con la llegada del Nuevo milenio, la psicología ambiental necesita tomar en cuentados variables que fueron, hasta hoy, consideradas de manera inadecuada: las diferencias interculturales y la dimensión temporal de las relaciones individuo - medio ambiente.El factor cultural no puede ser ignorado en las sociedades occidentales que soncrecientemente interculturales, y nuestra relación tanto con el ambiente construidocomo con el ambiente natural necesita ser analizado en términos de temporalidad.Este trabajo analiza el impacto de los factores culturales y de la perspectiva temporal en los cuatros niveles de análisis: el micro-ambiente, el ambiente próximo, el ambiente urbano y el ambiente global. Interesarse en esos cuatro niveles y sus interelaciones es particularmente importante ya que tenemos que cumplir con las exigencias del desarrollo sustentable con respecto al bienestar y la calidad de vida del individuo que son dependientes de necesidades culturalmente específicas.
Le « devoir de mémoire » comme formule-tierce
Authors: Ledoux Sébastien 
Published: December 2013

Cet article montre comment l’expression « devoir de mémoire », devenue formule consacrée au début des années 1990 en France pour se référer au génocide juif, fait dès lors fonction de formule-tierce. Comme intermédiaire sémantique incarnant une conscience morale chargée d’une dette envers les morts (« tiers disparus »), « devoir de mémoire » soutient la publicisation de paroles de témoins dans des dispositifs médiatiques compassionnels.
« Trade-Routes of the Mind »
Authors: Barck Karlheinz 
Published: December 2013

La conférence transcrite sous ce titre constitue un « contrepoint » au document inédit d'Harold Innis « The Coming of Paper », paru dans Intermédialités no 17. Karlheinz Barck y revient sur l'importance décisive d'Innis dans la formation de ce qui deviendrait à partir des années 1950, autour de Marshall McLuhan, d’Edmund Carpenter et d’Eric Havelock, « L’École de communication de Toronto ». Il se propose également de cerner l'orientation spécifique qu'Innis donna aux études d'histoire culturelle et médiatiques, ainsi que sa conception d'une autre mondialisation.
Le contrôle à distance
Authors: Hallé Julie , Passavant Eric 
Published: December 2013

Les contraintes liées à la concurrence et aux fluctuations du tourisme international ont conduit les agences françaises de tourisme d’aventure à modifier leurs conditions de production. Aujourd’hui, elles sous-traitent à des agences locales une grande partie de la fabrication et de l’accompagnement des voyages qu’elles vendent. L’objectif de l’article est d’interroger les enjeux de cette évolution et d’identifier les stratégies mises en oeuvre par les agences pour maintenir la valeur distinctive de leurs voyages et répondre aux attentes de la clientèle française. Ce texte repose sur une enquête de terrain réalisée auprès des responsables d’agences françaises mais aussi de leurs correspondants locaux. Plusieurs séjours au Kirghizstan entre 2003 et 2006 nous ont permis d’étudier le fonctionnement de 28 agences locales et de connaître les trajectoires de leurs fondateurs. Il apparaît ainsi qu’une relation de confiance se nouera d’autant plus facilement entre une agence française et son correspondant étranger que celui-ci est un expatrié, qui s’est imposé localement en développant un réseau local, notamment à partir de stratégies matrimoniales.
Low wave speed zones in the crust beneath SE Tibet revealed by ambient noise adjoint tomography
Authors: Chen Min , Huang Hui , Yao Huajian , van der Hilst Rob , Niu Fenglin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe present a refined 3D crustal model beneath SE Tibet from ambient noise adjoint tomography. Different from ray‐theory‐based tomography, adjoint tomography in this study incorporates a spectral‐element method (SEM) and takes empirical Green's functions (EGFs) of Rayleigh waves from ambient noise interferometry as the direct observation. The frequency‐dependent traveltime misfits between SEM synthetic Green's functions and EGFs are minimized with a preconditioned conjugate gradient method, meanwhile the 3D model gets improved iteratively utilizing 3D finite‐frequency kernels. The new model shows 3 – 6% shear wave speed increasing beneath the western Sichuan Basin (SCB) (depth > 15 km) and the central Chuan‐Dian Block (CDB), and 6 – 12% shear wave speed reduction in the mid‐lower crust beneath the northern and the southern CDB. The inferred spatial pattern of low wave speed zones, consistent with possible partial melt, suggests more complex and disconnected geometry than the pervasive narrow zone from the channel flow models.
Thermal alteration: A possible reason for the inconsistency between OMEGA/CRISM and TES detections of phyllosilicates on Mars?
Authors: Che Congcong , Glotch Timothy D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPrevious laboratory analyses have shown that high temperatures can modify the crystal structures of some phyllosilicates in such a way that their spectroscopic signatures appear different from various wavelength perspectives. This may be the case in the Nili Fossae region of Mars, where our analyses indicate that thermally altered (~400°C) Fe‐rich smectites might be possible mineral analogs to the phyllosilicate‐bearing units in addition to mineral assemblages formed by Fe/Mg smectite and amorphous weathering products. We suggest that thermal alteration of phyllosilicates induced by impact shock or other heat sources might be a widespread process throughout Martian history. The mixing of altered and unaltered phyllosilicates might be partially responsible for the apparent disconnect between VNIR and TIR observations of Fe/Mg smectite‐bearing surfaces on Mars.