bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rate and sociodemographic correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress among domestic and overseas medical students: A cross‐sectional observation from a private medical college in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Khayrul , Kibria Md. Golam , Amin Rizwana , Sharna Tasnia Ishaque , Nahar Samsun , Arafat S. M. Yasir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDepression, anxiety, and stress are the commonly encountered mental health conditions among medical students. Overseas environment may add additional burden to the existing environment. However, comparison of the rate and associated factors of depression, anxiety, stress among domestic and overseas students has not been attempted in Bangladesh. We aimed to assess the rate and associated factors of depression, anxiety, stress among domestic and overseas medical students in the country.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among 360 undergraduate medical students in 2021. Data were collected by self‐reporting instruments by a stratified random sampling method by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale‐21 scale. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done by computing crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval to identify the associated factors.ResultsAmong the 360 undergraduate medical students, 181 were domestic and 179 overseas ones. 44.8% of domestic students reported depressive symptoms, 45.3% reported anxiety symptoms, and 33.1% reported stress. On the other hand, half of overseas students experienced depression (50.3%) and anxiety (52.5%), and 41.3% experienced stress. Female medical students were found vulnerable for developing depression, anxiety, and stress than males.ConclusionsThe study revealed higher rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among overseas undergraduate medical students enrolled in a private medical school of Bangladesh. Private medical college authorities could consider special services for overseas students to ensure adequate psychosocial support.
Assessment of air pollution removal by urban trees based on the i-Tree Eco Model: The case of Tehran, Iran
Authors: Rasoolzadeh Reihaneh , Mobarghaee Dinan Naghmeh , Esmaeilzadeh Hassan , Rashidi Yousef , Sadeghi Seyed Mohammad Moein 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Air quality concerns have become increasingly serious in metropolises such as Tehran (Iran) in recent years. This study aims to assess the contribution of urban trees in Tehran toward mitigating air pollution and to evaluate the economic value of this ecosystem service using the i-Tree Eco model. To accomplish this objective, we utilized Tehran's original land use map, identifying five distinct land use categories: commercial and industrial, parks and urban forests, residential areas, roads and transportation, and urban services. Field data necessary for this analysis were collected from 316 designated plots, each with a radius of 11.3 m, and subsequently analyzed using the i-Tree Eco model. The locations of these plots were determined using the stratified sampling method. The results illustrate that Tehran's urban trees removed 1286.4 tons of pollutants in 2020. Specifically, the annual rates of air pollution removal were found to be 134.8 tons for CO; 299.7 tons for NO2; 270.3 tons for O3; 0.7 tons for PM2.5; 489.4 tons for PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter size between 2.5 and 10 µm); and 91.5 tons for SO2, with an associated monetary value of US$1 536 619. However, despite this significant removal capacity, the impact remains relatively small compared with the total amount of pollution emitted in 2020, accounting for only 0.17%. This is attributed to the high emissions rate and low per capita green space in the city. These findings could serve as a foundation for future research and urban planning initiatives aimed at enhancing green spaces in urban areas, thereby promoting sustainable urban development. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2142–2152. © 2024 SETAC
Key Points
Tehran's urban trees removed 1286 tons of pollutants in 2020, and yet their contribution toward improving air quality was relatively small, accounting for less than 1% of the overall pollution reduction and unable to offset local emissions due to dormancy in winter. Compared with other preferred approaches, such as replacing eroded diesel buses and trucks with newer models, urban trees showed the lowest cost-effectiveness in improving air quality but were insufficient on their own. Urban planners and managers must consider the combined impact of urban trees with other approaches to significantly mitigate air pollution and ensure city sustainability. Future research should investigate the role of shrubs alongside trees in reducing air pollution and quantify the combined air pollution removal by vegetation canopies to fully understand urban green infrastructure's effectiveness in mitigating air pollution.
Corporate capital structure in BRICS economies: An integrated analysis of ESG, firm, industry, and macroeconomic determinants
Authors: Bagh Tanveer , Hunjra Ahmed Imran , Guo Yongsheng , Bouri Elie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we examine the effect of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance, firms, industry, macroeconomics, and financial determinants on corporate capital structure. Using a sample of 3420 listed firms from BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries over the period 2013 to 2022, the key findings are summarised as follows: ESG performance negatively impacts market leverage, whereas it positively affects book leverage, implying that firms with a higher ESG score benefit from lower financing costs. Firm characteristics, such as the tangibility of assets and the size of the firm, have a positive impact on leverage, whereas profitability, growth opportunity, and business risk have a negative impact. Industry‐level determinants, such as munificence and industry concentration, negatively affect leverage, whereas dynamism has a positive effect. Additionally, higher GDP growth and lower inflation are negatively associated with leverage. Private credit positively impacts capital structure, while stock market development has a negative impact. A sub‐sample (country‐wise) analysis highlights varying impacts across BRICS countries, showing positive effects on book leverage. ESG scores have varying effects on leverage. The study findings have implications for firm managers and policymakers, stressing the need to align financing strategies with sustainability, firm characteristics, and economic conditions in these influential countries.
Defining contribution: A scoping review
Authors: Deal Colin J. , Jørgensen Helene , Sivak Allison , Holt Nicholas L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe term contribution is a key feature of approaches to positive youth development but has yet to be adequately defined. The purposes of this study were to identify properties that underlie contribution and to establish a theoretical definition of the construct.MethodsA two‐phase scoping review was conducted. The first phase involved the systematic search, selection, and analysis of studies from which six properties of contribution were identified and a preliminary theoretical definition was constructed. In the second phase expert judges rated the degree to that the proposed definition and the six properties of contribution fit with their conceptualization of the construct on a 6‐point scale.ResultsMean ratings for the definition and the six properties ranged from 5.05 to 5.70. Judges' ratings for the overall definition of contribution and the six properties were evaluated using Aiken's content validity coefficient (V). All V coefficients ranged in size from 0.81 to 0.94 and were statistically significant (p's < .01) indicating that the definition of contribution and the corresponding six properties fit well with experts' conceptualizations of the construct.ConclusionThis study provides a theoretical definition of contribution that will serve as a foundation upon which future research in the area of positive youth development can build.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy With Temperature Functional Tests in the Assessment of Markers of Intracellular Energy Metabolism: Spatial Heterogeneity and Reproducibility of Measurements
Authors: Ryzhkova Ekaterina , Morgunova Tatyana , Potapova Elena , Ryzhkov Ivan , Fadeyev Valentin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe fluorescence intensities of the cellular respiratory cofactors NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD++ (oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide) reflect energy metabolism in skin and other tissues and can be quantified in vivo by fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). However, the variability of physiological parameters largely determines the reproducibility of measurement results and the reliability of the diagnostic test. In this prospective study, we evaluated the interday reproducibility of NADH and FAD++ fluorescence intensity measurements in the skin of 51 healthy volunteers assessed by the FS at baseline, after local cooling (10°C) and heating of the skin (35°C). Results showed that the fluorescence amplitude of NADH (AFNADH) in forearm skin was the most reproducible of the FS parameters studied. Assessment of AFNADH in the dorsal forearm in combination with a thermal functional test is the most promising method for clinical use for assessing energy metabolism in the skin.
Integrative in silico approaches to analyse microRNA‐mediated responses in human diseases
Authors: Agrawal Meghna , Mani Ashutosh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdvancements in sequencing technologies have facilitated omics level information generation for various diseases in human. High‐throughput technologies have become a powerful tool to understand differential expression studies and transcriptional network analysis. An understanding of complex transcriptional networks in human diseases requires integration of datasets representing different RNA species including microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA). This review emphasises on conceptual explanation of generalized workflow and methodologies to the miRNA mediated responses in human diseases by using different in silico analysis. Although, there have been many prior explorations in miRNA‐mediated responses in human diseases, the advantages, limitations and overcoming the limitation through different statistical techniques have not yet been discussed. This review focuses on miRNAs as important gene regulators in human diseases, methodologies for miRNA‐target gene prediction and data driven methods for enrichment and network analysis for miRnome–targetome interactions. Additionally, it proposes an integrative workflow to analyse structural components of networks obtained from high‐throughput data. This review explains how to apply the existing methods to analyse miRNA‐mediated responses in human diseases. It addresses unique characteristics of different analysis, its limitations and its statistical solutions influencing the choice of methods for the analysis through a workflow. Moreover, it provides an overview of promising common integrative approaches to comprehend miRNA‐mediated gene regulatory events in biological processes in humans. The proposed methodologies and workflow shall help in the analysis of multi‐source data to identify molecular signatures of various human diseases.
Olfactory and gustatory perception in Brazilian PKU patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tonon Tássia , Martinez Chenia , Nalin Tatiele , Poloni Soraia , Piltcher Otávio Bejzman , Maillot François , Franceschetto Bianca Fasolo , Schwartz Ida Vanessa D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPatients with phenylketonuria (PKU) have a highly restrictive diet, which involves restriction of phenylalanine (Phe) intake and daily use of Phe‐free metabolic formula. However, little is known about the potential impact of this diet on chemical senses. The present study aimed to evaluate the olfactory and gustatory perceptions of patients with PKU. A cross‐sectional controlled study which included patients with PKU on dietary treatment and healthy controls was performed. Olfactory perception was assessed using the 12‐item Sniffin’ Sticks test, and taste perception using the Taste Strips test. Twenty‐five patients (mean age 19.3 ± 4.7 years; 13 females) and 25 controls (mean age 19.9 ± 4.9 years, p = 0.676; 13 females) were included. The mean age at treatment onset was 52.8 ± 29.7 days. The mean scores for olfactory and gustatory perceptions, and for bitter and salty flavors, were lower in patients than in controls (p = 0.039, p = 0.004, p = 0.008, and p = 0.020, respectively). Among patients, Phe levels at diagnosis correlated negatively with bitter taste (r = −0.493, p = 0.006). The lower olfaction and gustation scores found in patients may be related to understimulation caused by the highly restrictive PKU diet and the deprivation of flavors from breast milk.
Comparative morphology of the rhinarium and upper lip in sigmodontine rodents: Refined nomenclature, intertribal variation in a phylogenetic framework, and functional inferences
Authors: Pardiñas Ulyses F. J. , Brito Jorge , Soto Erika Cuellar , Cañón Carola 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRodents have received substantial attention in the study of olfaction. However, the rhinarium, the naked part of the nose, which plays an important role in chemical, tactile, and thermal perception, has been relatively overlooked. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the rhinarium morphology and spatially associated structures (i.e., upper lip, and philtrum) in sigmodontines, a diverse group within the Cricetidae rodents. The research covers 483 specimens representing 145 species, accounting for 74% of genera in the clade, including all 13 recognized tribes, three incertae sedis genera, and the murid representatives Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. The inconsistent use of terminology in describing rhinarium traits across the literature poses a challenge for comparative analyzes. To address this issue, a standardized terminology was proposed to characterize the rhinarium. A paired complex protuberance typically with epidermal ridges (i.e., rhinoglyphics), termed here the tubercle of Hill, was identified as a distinctive feature in muroid rhinaria. Comparative assessments among tribes revealed unique sets of features defining each major clade, encompassing variations in hairiness, dorsum nasi complexity, size and positioning of the tubercle of Hill, and other key attributes. Two primary rhinarium configurations were discerned: one shared by Oryzomyalia and Sigmodontini and another specific to Ichthyomyini. The former groups display a ventrally positioned rhinarium prominently featuring the tubercle of Hill and sculptured areola circularis. In contrast, Ichthyomyini exhibit a frontally directed rhinarium characterized by an enlarged dorsum nasi fused to the tubercle of Hill, resulting in a distinctive “cherry” appearance. Convergent rhinarium structures observed in fossorial species, characterized by well‐developed plica alaris and hair fringes, are presumed to mitigate potential damage during digging. Conversely, semiaquatic carnivorous sigmodontines showcase an integrated apical structure in their rhinarium, facilitating enhanced somatosensory capabilities crucial for predation activities during diving expeditions.
Unexpected high incidence of parvovirus B19 nucleic acid detection in German blood donors in the winter/spring season 2023/2024
Authors: Plümers Ricarda , Dreier Jens , Knabbe Cornelius , Vollmer Tanja 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn healthy adults, parvovirus B19 (PVB19) typically causes mild symptoms but can lead to severe complications in immunosuppressed individuals or those with high red blood cell turnover. Infection can occur through respiratory transmission or via transfusion, necessitating the testing of blood donations in Germany. Between 2015 and April 2024, we screened 2 105 755 blood donations for PVB19 using polymerase chain reaction. Incidence rates were calculated for three periods: pre‐COVID‐19 (2015–2020), during the pandemic (2020–2023), and post‐COVID‐19 (2023–2024). A total of 242 PVB19‐positive donations were identified. In the first period, there were 101 positives out of 1 228 361 donations (incidence: 0.83/10 000). In the second period, four positives were found out of 621 222 donations (incidence: 0.06/10 000). In the third period, 137 positives were detected out of 235 088 donations (incidence: 5.35/10 000) with a striking increase of incidence between December 2023 and March 2024 (4.3–21.1/10 000 donations). Most people develop lifelong immunity after infection in childhood but the COVID‐19 pandemic interventions, like masks and distancing, correlate with a decline in PVB19 infections in donors indicating an impact of hygiene measures on PVB19 infection rates.
Intraoperative radiation therapy for early‐stage breast cancer
Authors: Schwieger Lara , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Cao Yichun , Amaniera Isabella , Phillips‐Reed Rogsbert , Godette Karen , Rizzo Monica 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) offers more convenience compared to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) following breast‐conserving surgery for early‐stage breast cancer. This study describes the implementation of IORT at a metropolitan academic cancer center.MethodsDemographics, tumor characteristics, margin status, adjunct EBRT, and cosmetic results were retrospectively analyzed in patients undergoing BCS with IORT. IORT consists of 20 gray delivered to the partial mastectomy cavity.ResultsFrom 2015 to 2020, 171 patients (65.5% African American) were included. Histologically, 104 (60.8%) patients had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), while 67 (39%) patients had DCIS only. Seventeen (15.9%) patients with IDC and 12 (8.6%) patients with DCIS had positive margins. There were 15 ipsilateral breast recurrences (8.8%) and three patients (20%) developed systemic disease. Twenty‐five patients (14.6%) underwent adjuvant EBRT. The local recurrence‐free survival at 60 months from date of IORT was 89.4% (95% CI 82.7%–93.6%). For overall survival (OS), 168 (98.2%) patients were alive at a median follow‐up of 51.4 months, and three total deaths were recorded.ConclusionsIORT is a highly desirable and convenient alternative to EBRT for early‐stage breast cancer especially for patients with poor compliance. IORT has an acceptable ipsilateral recurrence while not precluding adjunct EBRT based upon the final pathologic report.
Comparison of a risk calculator with frailty indices in patients undergoing lung cancer resection
Authors: Vitello Dominic J. , Logan Charles D. , Zaza Norah N. , Bates Kelly R. , Jacobs Ryan , Feinglass Joseph , Merkow Ryan P. , Bentrem David J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionPerioperative risk stratification is an essential component of preoperative planning for cancer surgery. While frailty has gained attention for its utility in risk stratification, no studies have directly compared it to existing risk calculators. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the risk stratification of the American College of Surgeons Surgical Risk Calculator (ACS‐SRC), the Revised Risk Analysis Index (RAI‐rev), and the Modified Frailty Index (5‐mFI). The primary outcomes were 30‐day postoperative morbidity, 30‐day postoperative mortality, unplanned readmission, unplanned reoperation, and discharge disposition other‐than‐home.MethodsPatients undergoing anatomic lung resection for primary, non‐small cell lung cancer were identified within the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database. The ACS‐SRC, RAI‐rev, and 5‐mFI tools were used to predict adverse postoperative events. Tools were compared for discrimination in the primary outcomes.Results9663 patients undergoing anatomic lung resection for cancer between 2012 and 2014 were included. The cohort was 53.1% female. Median age at diagnosis was 67 (interquartile range = 59–74) years. Cardiothoracic surgeons performed 89% and general surgeons performed 11.0% of the operations. Perioperative morbidity and mortality rates were 10.9% (n = 1048) and 1.6% (n = 158). Rates of 30‐day postoperative unplanned readmission and reoperation were 7.5% (n = 725) and 4.8% (n = 468). The ACS‐SRC had the highest discrimination for all measured outcomes, as measured by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and corresponding confidence interval (95% confidence interval [CI]). This included perioperative mortality (AUC = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.71–0.78), compared to RAI‐rev (AUC = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.62–0.69) and 5‐mFI (AUC = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.57–0.65; p < 0.001). The RAI‐rev and 5‐mFI had similar discrimination for all measured outcomes.ConclusionACS‐SRC was the perioperative risk stratification tool with the highest predictive discrimination for adverse, 30‐day, postoperative events for patients with cancer treated with anatomic lung resection.
Exploring Senior Tourists' Technological Experiences: Based on Embodied Cognitive Theory
Authors: Qiuxia Chen , Dongchen Ju , Xiaoting Huang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe global aging population brings a growing senior tourist market. This study applies embodied cognitive theory and grounded theory to explore how senior tourists' technological experiences are formed in three travel stages. Twenty‐five in‐depth interviews were conducted with senior tourists aged 55–82. Three main components of embodied technological experiences were found, namely the characteristics of senior tourists, tourism contexts, and technological cognition. Characteristics affect technological cognition and how seniors react in specific tourism contexts. Tourism contexts play a stimulating role in motivating senior tourists to participate in different tourism activities. Technological cognition reflects personal characteristics and factors that influence technological usage. It proposes meaningful insights that can inspire tourism suppliers to enhance senior tourists' overall technological experience.
Proximity analysis between icebreakers and narwals in Tasiujaq, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Mayette Alexandra , Shuert Courtney R. , Hussey Nigel E. , Marcoux Marianne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIcebreaker vessels in the Canadian Arctic are used to monitor and maintain open shipping lanes during summer and fall. Icebreaker operating routes often overlap with important habitats of endemic Arctic marine mammals, leading to potential interactions and disturbance. In this study, we examined the frequency, proximity, and duration of encounter events between narwhals (Monodon monoceros) and icebreaker vessels in Tasiujaq (Eclipse Sound), Nunavut, an important summering area for this species. We combined tracking data from 25 narwhals equipped with satellite telemetry devices in Tasiujaq between 2016 and 2018 with automatic identification system (AIS) data for the same period from 7 icebreaker vessels. We defined an encounter event between a narwhal and an icebreaker as the total consecutive occurrences of an individual within 50 km of a vessel within 1 hour. For all years combined, 17 out of 25 narwhals had at least 1 encounter with an icebreaker and all 7 icebreakers were involved in at least 1 encounter. The closest distance (closest point of approach) recorded was <1 km and the longest cumulative duration of encounter events for 1 narwhal with 1 icebreaker was 121.6 hours (n = 27 encounter events over 17 days). Proximity and continuous exposure of narwhals to high levels of noise are a key concern when considering short‐ and long‐term effects on behavior and fitness of this species.