bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swallowing function after laryngeal cleft repair: More than just fixing the cleft
Authors: Osborn Alexander J. , de Alarcon Alessandro , Tabangin Meredith E. , Miller Claire K. , Cotton Robin T. , Rutter Michael J. 
Published: February 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate and describe the swallowing function in children after laryngeal cleft repair.Study DesignTen‐year (2002–2012) retrospective chart review. Setting: Academic tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice.MethodsRecords of 60 children who had surgical repair of laryngeal cleft (ages 2 weeks–14 years) and postoperative functional endoscopic evaluation of swallowing or videofluoroscopic swallow studies were examined retrospectively.ResultsTwenty‐nine children had one postoperative swallow evaluation, 19 children had two, 4 children had three, 5 children had four, and 3 children had five. Median time to the first evaluation was 10.8 weeks (interquartile range [IQR]: 36.5, 231). On the final swallow evaluation, 34 (57%) children demonstrated normal swallowing parameters, 12 (20%) children showed penetration, and 14 (23%) children showed aspiration. Forty‐three (72%) children were able to take everything by mouth normally or with minor behavioral modifications, 11 (18%) children required thickened fluids, and six (10%) children were kept nil per os (NPO). Mean improvement on the penetration‐aspiration (pen‐asp) scale was 2.13. On multivariable analysis, neurodevelopmental issues and gastronomy tube use were associated with the need for NPO status.ConclusionDespite a high rate of surgical success, a substantial minority of children have persistent swallowing dysfunction after laryngeal cleft repair. Swallowing dysfunction after repair is multifactorial and arises from concomitant neurologic, anatomic, or other comorbidities that contribute to oropharyngeal and pharyngeal dysphagia. Based on our results, we recommend a testing schedule for postoperative swallowing evaluations after cleft repair.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1965–1969, 2014
Terrestrial Arthropods in the Initial Restoration Stages of Anthracite Coal Mine Spoil Heaps in Northwestern Spain: Potential Usefulness of Higher Taxa as Restoration Indicators
Authors: Tizado Emilio Jorge , Núñez‐Pérez Etelvina 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAn “edaphic‐landscape” restoration was performed in two anthracite coal mine spoil heaps located in NW Spain as a demonstration and pilot program for the restoration of coal mine spoils. Terrestrial arthropods were used to monitor the process as an alternative to the use of secondary succession of plants or physico‐chemical indicators of soils. This study analyzes the usefulness of the terrestrial arthropods at different taxonomic levels (orders of Arthropoda, families of Coleoptera, and species of Carabidae) as restoration indicators in the initial restoration stages. The terrestrial arthropods respond rapidly to restoration, and the results may be explained by short‐term increase in abiotic factors resulting from the applied techniques, mainly the animal origin of the organic matter added and the biodegradable coconut geotextile. Carabidae is of relatively low value as a short‐term restoration indicator at a specific level. Coleoptera provided the best information for interpreting the ecological results over the short term and had the best relationship with the cost of identification. Likewise, the results showed that the edaphic‐landscape restoration leads to an abnormal arthropod assemblage in the short term because of an excessive abundance of isopods and polydesmids. No clear convergence appeared toward any of the terrestrial arthropod communities present in the grassland, scrubland, or woodland semi‐natural areas, which were used as reference end point. The restoration indicator value produced by the higher taxonomic levels of the studied terrestrial arthropods may be useful and cost‐effective for assessing short‐term changes caused by environmental restorations performed to recover ecosystems affected by mining activities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PEG‐Based Microgels Formed by Visible‐Light‐Mediated Thiol‐Ene Photo‐Click Reactions
Authors: Fraser Andrew K. , Ki Chang Seok , Lin Chien‐Chi 
Published: February 2014

Step‐growth PEG‐based microgels are produced via three liquid–liquid two‐phase suspension polymerization systems: i) hexane with surfactants Span80/Tween80; ii) mineral oil with surfactant Pluronic F‐68; and iii) surfactant‐free dextran‐rich aqueous solution. Following short vortexing to create monomer droplets, microgels are polymerized by a visible‐light‐initiated thiol‐ene photo‐click reaction using eosin‐Y as the only photoinitiator. The use of hexane as the organic phase and Span‐80/Tween‐80 as the surfactants leads to PEG microgels with entrapped solvent droplets that dissolve rapidly with time. Microgels polymerized in mineral oil with surfactant Pluronic F‐68 contain no entrapped droplets and are more uniform with smaller sizes. Visible‐light‐cured step‐growth thiol‐ene microgels can also be photo­polymerized in a surfactant‐free aqueous two‐phase system. The sizes of the microgels formed in aqueous phase are one order of magnitude smaller than those formed in organic solvent. Dual‐layer microgels are also prepared using two‐step thiol‐ene reactions.
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A practical approach to remote longitudinal follow‐up of Parkinson's disease: The FOUND study
Authors: Tanner Caroline M. , Meng Cheryl C. , Ravina Bernard , Lang Anthony , Kurlan Roger , Marek Kenneth , Oakes David , Seibyl John , Flagg Emily , Gauger Lisa , Guest Dolores D. , Goetz Christopher G. , Kieburtz Karl , DiEuliis Diane , Fahn Stanley , Elliott Robin A. , Shoulson Ira 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to examine a remote method for maintaining long‐term contact with Parkinson's disease (PD) patients participating in clinical studies. Long‐term follow‐up of PD patients is needed to fill critical information gaps on progression, biomarkers, and treatment. Prospective in‐person assessment can be costly and may be impossible for some patients. Remote assessment using mail and telephone contact may be a practical follow‐up method. Patients enrolled in the multi‐center Longitudinal and Biomarker Study in Parkinson's Disease (LABS‐PD) in‐person follow‐up study in 2006 were invited to enroll in Follow‐up of Persons With Neurologic Diseases (FOUND), which is overseen by a single center under a separate, central institutional review board protocol. FOUND uses mailed questionnaires and telephone interviews to assess PD status. FOUND follow‐up continued when LABS‐PD in‐person visits ended in 2011. Retention and agreement between remote and in‐person assessments were determined. In total, 422 of 499 (84.5%) of eligible patients volunteered, AND 96% of participants were retained. Of 60 patients who withdrew consent from LABS‐PD, 51 were retained in FOUND. Of 341 patients who were active in LABS‐PD, 340 were retained in FOUND (99.7%) when the in‐person visits ceased. Exact agreement between remote and in‐person assessments was ≥ 80% for diagnosis, disease features (eg, dyskinesias), and PD medication. Correlation between expert‐rated and self‐reported Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, which were examined at times separated by several months, was moderate or substantial for most items. Retention was excellent using remote follow‐up of research participants with PD, providing a safety net when combined with in‐person visits, and also is effective as a stand‐alone assessment method, providing a useful alternative when in‐person evaluation is not feasible. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Mood‐stabilizers differentially affect housekeeping gene expression in human cells
Authors: Powell Timothy R. , Powell‐Smith Georgia , Haddley Kate , Mcguffin Peter , Quinn John , Schalkwyk Leonard C. , Farmer Anne E. , D'Souza Ursula M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that antidepressants affect the expression of constitutively expressed “housekeeping genes” commonly used as normalizing reference genes in quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments. There has yet to be an investigation however on the effects of mood‐stabilizers on housekeeping gene stability. The current study utilized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from patients with mood disorders to investigate the effects of a range of doses of lithium (0, 1, 2 and 5 mM) and sodium valproate (0, 0.06, 0.03 and 0.6 mM) on the stability of 12 housekeeping genes. RNA was extracted from LCLs and qPCR was used to generate cycle threshold (Ct) values which were input into RefFinder analyses. The study revealed drug‐specific effects on housekeeping gene stability. The most stable housekeeping genes in LCLs treated: acutely with sodium valproate wereACTBandRPL13A;acutely with lithium wereGAPDHandATP5B; chronically with lithium wereATP5BandCYC1. The stability ofGAPDHandB2Mwere particularly affected by duration of lithium treatment. The study adds to a growing literature that the selection of appropriate housekeeping genes is important for the accurate normalization of target gene expression in experiments investigating the molecular effects of mood disorder pharmacotherapies.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI contrasts in high rank rotating frames
Authors: Liimatainen Timo , Hakkarainen Hanne , Mangia Silvia , Huttunen Janne M.J. , Storino Christine , Idiyatullin Djaudat , Sorce Dennis , Garwood Michael , Michaeli Shalom 
Published: February 2014

PurposeMRI relaxation measurements are performed in the presence of a fictitious magnetic field in the recently described technique known as RAFF (Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field). This method operates in the 2nd rotating frame (rank n = 2) by using a nonadiabatic sweep of the radiofrequency effective field to generate the fictitious magnetic field. In the present study, the RAFF method is extended for generating MRI contrasts in rotating frames of ranks 1 ≤ n ≤ 5. The developed method is entitled RAFF in rotating frame of rank n (RAFFn).Theory and MethodsRAFFn pulses were designed to generate fictitious fields that allow locking of magnetization in rotating frames of rank n. Contrast generated with RAFFn was studied using Bloch‐McConnell formalism together with experiments on human and rat brains.ResultsTolerance to B0 and B1 inhomogeneities and reduced specific absorption rate with increasing n in RAFFn were demonstrated. Simulations of exchange‐induced relaxations revealed enhanced sensitivity of RAFFn to slow exchange. Consistent with such feature, an increased grey / white matter contrast was observed in human and rat brain as n increased.ConclusionRAFFn is a robust and safe rotating frame relaxation method to access slow molecular motions in vivo. Magn Reson Med 73:254–262, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A hybrid geometric + algebraic multigrid method with semi‐iterative smoothers
Authors: Lu Cao , Jiao Xiangmin , Missirlis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYWe propose a multigrid method for solving large‐scale sparse linear systems arising from discretizations of partial differential equations, such as those from finite element and generalized finite difference methods. Our proposed method has the following two characteristics. First, we introduce a hybrid geometric+algebraic multigrid method, or HyGA, to leverage the rigor, accuracy, and efficiency of geometric multigrid (GMG) for hierarchical unstructured meshes, with the flexibility of algebraic multigrid (AMG). Second, we introduce efficient smoothers based on the Chebyshev–Jacobi method for both symmetric and asymmetric matrices. We also introduce a unified derivation of restriction and prolongation operators for weighted‐residual formulations over unstructured hierarchical meshes and apply it to both finite element and generalized finite difference methods. We present numerical results of our method for Poisson equations in both 2‐D and 3‐D and compare our method against the classical GMG and AMG as well as Krylov subspace methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 activation plays a causative role in urothelial cancer pathogenesis in cooperation with Pten loss in mice
Authors: Foth Mona , Ahmad Imran , van Rhijn Bas WG , van der Kwast Theodorus , Bergman Andre M , King Louise , Ridgway Rachel , Leung Hing Y , Fraser Sioban , Sansom Owen J , Iwata Tomoko 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough somatic mutations and overexpression of the tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) are strongly associated with bladder cancer, evidence for their functional involvement in the pathogenesis remains elusive. Previously we showed that activation of Fgfr3 alone is not sufficient to initiate urothelial tumourigenesis in mice. Here we hypothesize that cooperating mutations are required for Fgfr3‐dependent tumourigenesis in the urothelium and analyse a mouse model in which an inhibitor of Pi3k–Akt signalling, Pten, is deleted in concert with Fgfr3 activation (UroIICreFgfr3+/K644EPtenflox/flox). Two main phenotypical characteristics were observed in the urothelium: increased urothelial thickness and abnormal cellular histopathology, including vacuolization, condensed cellular appearance, enlargement of cells and nuclei, and loss of polarity. These changes were not observed when either mutation was present individually. Expression patterns of known urothelial proteins indicated the abnormal cellular differentiation. Furthermore, quantitative analysis showed that Fgfr3 and Pten mutations cooperatively caused cellular enlargement, while Pten contributed to increased cell proliferation. Finally, FGFR3 overexpression was analysed along the level of phosphorylated mTOR in 66 T1 urothelial tumours in tissue microarray, which supported the occurrence of functional association of these two signalling pathways in urothelial pathogenesis. Taken together, this study provides evidence supporting a functional role of FGFR3 in the process of pathogenesis in urothelial neoplasms. Given the wide availability of inhibitors specific to FGF signalling pathways, our model may open the avenue for FGFR3‐targeted translation in urothelial disease. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adult testicular volume predicts spermatogenetic recovery after allogeneic HSCT in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Wilhelmsson Mari , Vatanen Anu , Borgström Birgit , Gustafsson Britt , Taskinen Mervi , Saarinen‐Pihkala Ulla M. , Winiarski Jacek , Jahnukainen Kirsi 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundTesticular dysfunction and infertility are of major concern in long‐term survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study assesses predictive factors for very long‐term testicular recovery after allogeneic HSCT in childhood and adolescence.ProcedureTesticular volume, sperm production and long‐term need of testosterone substitution were evaluated among 106 male survivors transplanted at Huddinge and Helsinki University Hospitals from 1978 through 2000, at a mean age of 8 ± 4.6 years (range 1–17). A mean ± SD of 13 ± 4.8 years (range 4–28) had elapsed since their HSCT and the mean age of the participants was 22 ± 6.0 years (range 12–42). An adult testicular volume was recorded in 74 patients at a mean age of 19 ± 3.3 years (range 14–36).ResultsRecipients conditioned with busulfan‐based regimens or regimens containing only cyclophosphamide had significantly larger adult testicular volumes (mean volume 18 ml and 16 ml vs. 9 ml, P < 0.00001, respectively) and lower serum levels of FSH (mean 9 IU and 5 IU vs. 19 IU, P < 0.01 and 0.001, respectively) compared to those conditioned with total body irradiation (TBI). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a non‐leukemia diagnosis (P < 0.01) and adult testicular volume ≥15 ml (P < 0.03) positively impacted spermatogenetic recovery.ConclusionsA larger adult testicular volume, normal serum levels of FSH and spermatozoa detected in a majority of seminal fluids after busulfan‐based or cyclophosphamide conditionings suggest very long‐term recovery of spermatogenesis after chemotherapy‐based regimens. A simple measurement of adult testicular volume may help predict spermatogenetic potential among pediatric HSCT survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1094–1100. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tentative Characterisation of Iridoids, Phenylethanoid Glycosides and Flavonoid Derivatives from Globularia alypum L. (Globulariaceae) Leaves by LC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS
Authors: Amessis‐Ouchemoukh Nadia , Abu‐Reidah Ibrahim M. , Quirantes‐Piné Rosa , Rodríguez‐Pérez Celia , Madani Khodir , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Alberto , Segura‐Carretero Antonio 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionGlobularia alypum L., belonging to the Globulariaceae family, is a perennial wild shrub found throughout the Mediterranean area, Europe, and Africa. This plant is widely used to treat many diseases, but no previous work on the phytochemical composition of the Algerian G. alypum species has yet been reported.ObjectiveTo investigate the phytoconstituents of the methanolic extract of G. alypum using an LC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS method.MethodsGround air‐dried leaves of G. alypum were macerated with methanol at room temperature for 24 h. The supernatant was filtered and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator, and extracts were recovered with methanol and filtered. Afterwards, the G. alypum extract was injected into the LC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS system.ResultsThe combined LC–MS/MS led to the tentative characterisation of 63 phytochemicals. In this work, a large number of compounds have been characterised in the leaf‐extract analysis of this plant. Among others, 24 iridoids and secoiridoids were found, of which nine compounds have not previously been recorded in G. alypum. Also, nine unusual phenylethanoid glycosides were characterised for the first time in this species.ConclusionThe method used has proved to be a valued tool for the characterisation of a wide range of compounds from G. alypum leaves. This work constitutes a detailed investigation of the chemical composition of G. alypum leaves, which are widely used in different traditional systems of medicine. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guideline‐recommended use of asthma medication by children is associated with parental information and knowledge: the PIAMA birth cohort
Authors: Wijga Alet H. , Zuidgeest Mira G. P. , Kerkhof Marjan , Koppelman Gerard H. , Smit Henriëtte A. , de Jongste Johan C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeWe investigated the use of asthma medication by children and the association of use as recommended by guidelines with modifiable risk factors: parental attitudes, knowledge of asthma medication and information provided by health care providers.MethodsQuestionnaire data were obtained from parents of 229 8‐year‐old children participating in the prevention and incidence of asthma and mite allergy birth cohort who used asthma medication in the past 12 months. They reported on their child's medication use, their own knowledge and attitudes towards the medication and their satisfaction with the information they received from health care providers.ResultsIrregular use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) was common: 40% of the parents only gave their child ICS when the child felt breathless and 52% only ‘when the child needed it’; 15% of the parents tried to avoid giving medication, and about 25% of the parents sometimes discontinued medication. Parental knowledge of how asthma medication should be given was a major determinant of guideline‐recommended use: Of the parents who knew that anti‐inflammatory drugs should be taken everyday (53% of all parents), 84% reported that they actually gave their child the medicines everyday as compared with 25% of the parents who did not know this. Guideline‐recommended use was also significantly associated with parental satisfaction with the amount of information received from health care providers. These associations were independent of maternal school education.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that substantial improvements in the use of asthma medication are feasible, and this could considerably improve the effectiveness of current asthma treatment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation on the mechanical behavior of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel membrane under compression in the assembly process of microfluidic system
Authors: Zhao Weiwei , Liu Changqing , Wu Fengshun , Lenardi Cristina 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA microfluidic system with an inserted membrane assembled using mechanical fastening process is described. The membrane is made of a biocompatible water swollen poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogel thin film as a sealing component. The hyperelastic characteristics of PHEMA membrane under the compression during fastening are investigated through numerical simulations, including strain and Von Mises stress distribution, and potential fracture in correlation with the microchannel's geometry and dimensions. To validate the modeling, the experiments have also been conducted to visualize the deformation induced in membrane and internal stress distribution using 3D optical measuring system. The results from this study have revealed the implications in connection with the mechanical behavior of the PHEMA membranes in the assembly of microfluidic system through mechanical fastening technique. This will ultimately assist to produce a guideline for the optimum design of microchannels in the uses of PHEMA membranes and associated assembly process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 485–495
How language affects peer responsiveness in an online cancer support group: implications for treatment design and facilitation
Authors: Lewallen Andrea C. , Owen Jason E. , Bantum Erin O'Carroll , Stanton Annette L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about how positive group interactions develop in online support groups. Previous research suggests that message content, self‐disclosure, and emotional expression may be central to this process. The purpose of this study was to identify linguistic and qualitative characteristics of participants' messages that predict how other participants respond in an asynchronous discussion board for cancer‐related distress.Methods525 discussion board messages posted by 116 participants in the health‐space.net trial were collected. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (2001) was used to identify linguistic markers of emotional expression and pronoun use. Message topics were identified using qualitative analysis. Logistic regression and chi‐square analyses were used to evaluate whether linguistic characteristics and message topics predicted receiving a response from other survivors in the online group.ResultsMessages were more likely to receive a reply if they had higher word count, OR = 1.30, p = 0.001, or fewer second‐person pronouns, OR = 0.923, p = 0.040. Messages with high levels of positive emotion were less likely to receive a reply, OR = 0.94, p = 0.03. Common message topics related to self‐disclosure (51%), the support group (38.5%), medical experiences (30.9%), and experiences with the website (30.1%). Several message topics were associated with greater likelihood of a reply: self‐disclosure (p < 0.001), medical experiences (p = 0.01), relationship issues (p = 0.05), and introductory posts (p < 0.01).ConclusionsInforming participants how to introduce themselves to the group (i.e., detailed and self‐focused messages discussing personal issues such as the effects of illness on life and relationships) could promote cohesion and enhance overall engagement with Internet‐based support groups or interventions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.