bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Indo-Asians have smaller coronary arteries?
Authors: Lip G Y H , Rathore V S , Katira R , Watson R D S , Singh S P 
Published: February 2015

Summary
There is a widespread belief that coronary arteries are smaller in Indo-Asians. The aim of the present study was to compare the size of atheroma-free proximal and distal epicardial coronary arteries of Indo-Asians and Caucasians. We analysed normal coronary angiograms from 77 Caucasians and 39 Indo-Asians. The two groups were comparable for dominance of the coronary arteries. Indo-Asian patients had generally smaller coronary arteries, with a statistically significant difference in the mean diameters of the left main coronary artery, proximal, mid and left anterior descending, and proximal and distal right coronary artery segments. There was a non-significant trend towards smaller coronary artery segment diameters for the distal left anterior descending, proximal and distal circumflex, and obtuse marginal artery segments. However, after correction for body surface area, none of these differences in size were statistically significant. Thus, the smaller coronary arteries in Indo-Asian patients were explained by body size alone and were not due to ethnic origin per se. This finding nevertheless has important therapeutic implications, since smaller coronary arteries may give rise to technical difficulties during bypass graft and intervention procedures such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, stents and atherectomy. On smaller arteries, atheroma may also give an impression of more severe disease than on larger diameter arteries.
Systemic vasculitis and atypical infections: report of two cases
Authors: Chakravarty Kuntal , Merry Peter 
Published: February 2015

Summary
Two cases of systemic vasculitis are described; one presenting with adult Henoch-Schonlein purpura secondary to a concomitantChlamydia infection and the other with leucocytoclastic vasculitis and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to a recent parvovirus B19 infection. Association of chlamydial infection has not previously been described with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and this infection should, perhaps, be added to the list of aetiologies of this disease. Parvovirus B19 causing significant urinary sediment abnormalities associated with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and leucocytoclastic vasculitis has also not been described previously.
Surgical emphysema and pneumomediastinum in a child following minor blunt injury to the neck
Authors: Back G W , Banfield G 
Published: February 2015

Summary
Largyngotracheal and pharyngoesophageal tears following minor blunt trauma to the neck are uncommon. A child with such an injury is reported and the modes of diagnosis and management are discussed. Patients may initially present with minimal signs and symptoms, but their condition may deteriorate rapidly or insidiously. In the absence of respiratory compromise, conservative management is appropriate, but all patients with significant blunt neck trauma should undergo early direct laryngoscopy under a general anaesthetic.
Ciprofloxacin-induced bone marrow depression
Authors: Dutta Tarun Kumar , Badhe Bhawana A 
Published: February 2015

SummaryCiprofloxacin, a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, is generally considered to be a safe drug. However, occasionally it may have life-threatening complications. Two instances of bone marrow failure following use of ciprofloxacin are reported. In one case, the bone marrow reverted to normal following withdrawal of the drug. In the other case, the patient succumbed to irreversible bone marrow depression leading to severe thrombocytopenia and uncontrolled bleeding. This could have been an idiosyncratic reaction.
Oral presentation of an oesophageal mucosal tear
Authors: Uppal Sandeep , De P R 
Published: February 2015

Summary
Tears of the oesophageal wall following sudden forceful vomiting are well documented in literature. In Boerhaave's syndrome there is transmural rupture associated with complications including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, surgical emphysema and shock. In Mallory-Weiss syndrome mucosal tears are associated with haematemesis and shock. In neither of these conditions has intraluminal obstruction been described as an aetiological factor. We present a case with similar pathophysiology where oesophageal obstruction by a meat bolus followed by forceful vomiting led to an oesophageal mucosal tear and presentation of a band of oesophageal mucosa in the oral cavity. The patient did not develop any complications and made an uneventful recovery following conservative management.
Follicular carcinoma in a functioning struma ovarii
Authors: Bhansali A , Jain V , Rajwanshi A , Lodha S , Dash R J 
Published: February 2015

Summary
We describe a case of follicular carcinoma in a functioning struma ovarii, which presented as an ovarian mass in a patient who had undergone a near-total thyroidectomy for a benign lesion. She underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and received radiotherapy and l-thyroxine treatment with no evidence of metastases in 4 years follow-up.
Hypertensive encephalopathy in a patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis
Authors: Das D , Brigg J , Brown C M 
Published: February 2015

Summary
A patient presented with retroperitoneal fibrosis but without any ureteric obstruction. The diagnosis was made by an abdominal CT scan and also at laparotomy. Post-operatively, she developed hypertensive encephalopathy. An isotope renogram with captopril was abnormal but not diagnostic of renal artery stenosis. The patient's condition improved with steroid and antihypertensive treatment. A follow-up CT scan showed complete resolution of peri-aortic thickening. A causative link is postulated between retroperitoneal fibrosis, trauma during laparotmy, and onset of acute hypertension.
The Extraordinary Deterrence of Private Antitrust Enforcement: A Reply to Werden, Hammond, and Barnett
Authors: Lande Robert H. , Davis Joshua P. 
Published: February 2015

In 2011, we documented an extraordinary but usually overlooked fact: private antitrust enforcement deters a significant amount of anticompetitive conduct. Indeed the article showed that private enforcement probably deters even more anticompetitive conduct than the almost universally admired anticartel enforcement program of the United States Department of Justice. In a recent issue of The Antitrust Bulletin, Gregory J. Werden, Scott D. Hammond, and Belinda A. Barnett, members of the Justice Department staff, challenged our analysis, asserting that our comparison “is more misleading than informative.” However, their specific criticisms do not withstand scrutiny. In this reply, we explain why our original conclusions survive the efforts of Werden, Hammond, and Barnett to debunk them.
Comfort goal of care and end-of-life outcomes in dementia: A prospective study
Authors: van Soest-Poortvliet Mirjam C , van der Steen Jenny T , de Vet Henrica CW , Hertogh Cees MPM , Deliens Luc , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D 
Published: February 2015

Background: Many people with dementia die in a nursing home. A comfort care goal may be beneficial. Little research has examined the relationship between care goals and outcome. Aim: To investigate whether family satisfaction with end-of-life care and quality of dying is associated with whether or not dementia patients have a comfort goal shortly after admission. Design and setting: Prospective data collection from 28 long-term care facilities (the Dutch End of Life in Dementia study). We included 148 patients who died after prospective follow-up. Main outcomes were family satisfaction (End-of-Life in Dementia–Satisfaction with Care scale; range: 10–40) and quality of dying (End-of-Life in Dementia-Comfort Assessment in Dying; range: 14–42). We performed generalized estimating equations regression analyses to analyze whether these outcomes are associated with a comfort goal established shortly after admission compared with another or no care goal as reported by the physician. Results: Families of patients were more satisfied with end-of-life care when a comfort goal was established shortly after admission. We found this pattern only for patients who died within 6 months of admission (adjusted b: 4.5; confidence interval: 2.8, 6.3 vs −1.2; confidence interval: −3.0, 0.6 for longer stay). For quality of dying, no such association was found. Conclusion: We found that family satisfaction with care is related to a comfort care goal shortly after admission, but quality of dying did not. Establishing a comfort goal at an early stage may be important to the family. Advance care planning interventions should be studied for their effects on patient and family outcome.
Audit of intrathecal drug delivery for patients with difficult-to-control cancer pain shows a sustained reduction in pain severity scores over a 6-month period
Authors: Mitchell Alison , McGhie Jonathan , Owen Margaret , McGinn Gordon 
Published: February 2015

Background: Intrathecal drug delivery is known to be effective in alleviating cancer pain in patients for whom the conventional World Health Organization approach has proved insufficient. A multidisciplinary interventional cancer pain service was established in the West of Scotland in 2008 with the aim of providing a safe and effective intrathecal drug delivery service for patients with difficult-to-control cancer pain. Aim: The aim of the intrathecal drug delivery service is to improve pain scores as evaluated by pain scores before and after insertion of an intrathecal drug delivery device. Design: Pain is monitored before and after intrathecal drug delivery implantation using the Brief Pain Inventory. Following implantation, pumps are refilled fortnightly and repeat Brief Pain Inventory assessments are undertaken. This prospective case series analyses change in Brief Pain Inventory domains for patients who had an intrathecal drug delivery implanted using a paired sample t-test. Results: Data are presented from 2008–2013 for 22 patients receiving an intrathecal drug delivery system who experienced an immediate improvement in their pain that was both clinically and statistically significant. One week after insertion, the average pain score on the Brief Pain Inventory fell from 6.8 (pre–intrathecal drug delivery) to 3.0 (post–intrathecal drug delivery). Improvement in pain scores was sustained over a 6-month period. Conclusion: Evaluation of results of this case series shows that with the appropriate use of intrathecal drug delivery systems, patients with difficult-to-control cancer pain can benefit from effective pain relief for many months.
Regulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis in T cells: requirement for GTP and Ebp1
Authors: Nguyen Le Xuan Truong , Lee Yunqin , Urbani Lenore , Utz Paul J. , Hamburger Anne W. , Sunwoo John B. , Mitchell Beverly S. 
Published: February 2015

Key Points
MPA suppresses ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and cell proliferation in T cells through TIF-IA, a GTP binding protein. The combination of MPA and sotrastaurin potently suppresses T-cell proliferation and inhibits IL-2 secretion through TIF-IA and ErbB3-binding protein 1 (Ebp1).
The development of a standardised diet history tool to support the diagnosis of food allergy
Authors: Skypala Isabel J , Venter Carina , Meyer Rosan , de Jong Nicolette W , Fox Adam T , Groetch Marion , Oude Elberink J N , Sprikkelman Aline , Diamandi Louiza , Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber J ,   the Allergy‐focussed Diet History Task Force of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe disparity between reported and diagnosed food allergy makes robust diagnosis imperative. The allergy‐focussed history is an important starting point, but published literature on its efficacy is sparse. Using a structured approach to connect symptoms, suspected foods and dietary intake, a multi‐disciplinary task force of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology developed paediatric and adult diet history tools. Both tools are divided into stages using traffic light labelling (red, amber and green). The red stage requires the practitioner to gather relevant information on symptoms, atopic history, food triggers, foods eaten and nutritional issues. The amber stage facilitates interpretation of the responses to the red‐stage questions, thus enabling the practitioner to prepare to move forward. The final green stage provides a summary template and test algorithm to support continuation down the diagnostic pathway. These tools will provide a standardised, practical approach to support food allergy diagnosis, ensuring that all relevant information is captured and interpreted in a robust manner. Future work is required to validate their use in diverse age groups, disease entities and in different countries, in order to account for differences in health care systems, food availability and dietary norms.
Engineered biomaterials for development of nucleic acid vaccines
Authors: Yang Jun , Li Yan , Jin Shubin , Xu Jing , Wang Paul C , Liang Xing-Jie , Zhang Xin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines have attracted many attentions since they have presented some superiority over traditional vaccines. However, they could only induce moderate immunogenicity. The route and formulation of nucleic acid vaccines have strong effects on the immune response and efficiency. Numerous biomaterials are used as a tool to enhance the immunogenicity of antigens. They deliver the antigens into the cells through particle- and non-particle-mediated pathway. However, challenges remain due to lack of comprehensive understanding of the actions of these biomaterials as a carrier/adjuvant. Herein, this review focuses on the evolution of biomaterials used for nucleic acid vaccines, discusses the advantages and disadvantages for gene delivery and immunostimulation of variety of structures of the biomaterials, in order to provide new thought on rational design of carrier/adjuvant and better understanding of mechanism of action in both immunostimulatory and delivery methods.
Household Net Worth, Racial Disparities, and Hormonal Therapy Adherence Among Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Hershman Dawn L. , Tsui Jennifer , Wright Jason D. , Coromilas Ellie J. , Tsai Wei Yann , Neugut Alfred I. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose Nonadherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy is common and is associated with increased prescription copayment amount and black race. Studies suggest that household wealth may partly explain racial disparities. We investigated the impact of net worth on disparities in adherence and discontinuation. Patients and Methods We used the OptumInsight insurance claims database to identify women older than age 50 years diagnosed with early breast cancer, from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011, who were using hormonal therapy. Nonadherence was defined as a medication possession ratio of ≤ 80% of eligible days over a 2-year period. We evaluated the association of demographic and clinical characteristics, annual household income, household net worth (< $250,000, $250,000 to $750,000, or > $750,000), insurance type, and copayments (< $10, $10 to $20, or > $20) with adherence to hormonal therapy. Logistic regression analyses were conducted by sequentially adding sociodemographic and financial variables to race. Results We identified 10,302 patients; 2,473 (24%) were nonadherent. In the unadjusted analyses, adherence was negatively associated with black race (odds ratio [OR], 0.76; P < .001), advanced age, comorbidity, and Medicare insurance. Adherence was positively associated with medium (OR, 1.33; P < .001) and high (OR, 1.66; P < .001) compared with low net worth. The negative association of black race with adherence (OR, 0.76) was reduced by adding net worth to the model (OR, 0.84; P < .05). Correcting for other variables had a minimal impact on the association between race and adherence (OR, 0.87; P = .08). The interaction between net worth and race was significant (P < .01). Conclusion We found that net worth partially explains racial disparities in hormonal therapy adherence. These results suggest that economic factors may contribute to disparities in the quality of care.
Sep(t)arate or not – how some cells take septin-independent routes through cytokinesis
Authors: Menon Manoj B. , Gaestel Matthias 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division, and is a process that requires a precisely coordinated molecular machinery to fully separate the cytoplasm of the parent cell and to establish the intact outer cell barrier of the daughter cells. Among various cytoskeletal proteins involved, septins are known to be essential mediators of cytokinesis. In this Commentary, we present recent observations that specific cell divisions can proceed in the absence of the core mammalian septin SEPT7 and its Drosophila homolog Peanut (Pnut) and that thus challenge the view that septins have an essential role in cytokinesis. In the pnut mutant neuroepithelium, orthogonal cell divisions are successfully completed. Similarly, in the mouse, Sept7-null mutant early embryonic cells and, more importantly, planktonically growing adult hematopoietic cells undergo productive proliferation. Hence, as discussed here, mechanisms must exist that compensate for the lack of SEPT7 and the other core septins in a cell-type-specific manner. Despite there being crucial non-canonical immune-relevant functions of septins, septin depletion is well tolerated by the hematopoietic system. Thus differential targeting of cytokinesis could form the basis for more specific anti-proliferative therapies to combat malignancies arising from cell types that require septins for cytokinesis, such as carcinomas and sarcomas, without impairing hematopoiesis that is less dependent on septin.
Decoloration of Furfural Wastewater via Nitrogen-doped Titanium Dioxide under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation
Authors: Pei Zhenzhao , Li Zhiguo , Zheng Xianlong 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Investigations on treatment of furfural wastewater using photocatalytic technology are few. Furfural wastewater was efficiently degraded under simulated sunlight irradiation by a series of N-doped TiO2 samples prepared via hydrothermal method. The optimum photodegradation efficiency is 97.35%. The factors affecting the photodegradation efficiency, including the amounts of EDTA-2Na, furfural wastewater concentrations, and concentrations of photocatalysts in furfural wastewater, are investigated.
Synthesis of α,β,γ,δ-Unsaturated Imines from N-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Allenes through Rhodium-catalyzed Cyclopropanation and Thermal Rearrangement
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Nakamuro Takayuki , Biyajima Tsuneaki , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
α,β,γ,δ-Unsaturated imines are synthesized from N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles and allenes. Allenes are initially cyclopropanated by intermediate α-imino rhodium carbene complexes, and the resulting alkylidenecyclopropyl methanimines undergo a ring-opening thermal rearrangement to afford the corresponding α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated imines.
Preparation of lignin-containing porous microspheres through the copolymerization of lignin acrylate derivatives with styrene and divinylbenzene
Authors: Podkościelna Beata , Sobiesiak Magdalena , Zhao Yadong , Gawdzik Barbara , Sevastyanova Olena 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA novel method for synthesizing microspheres from lignin or lignin acrylate derivatives through copolymerization with styrene (St) and divinylbenzene (DVB) has been developed. The copolymers were obtained by the emulsion-suspension polymerization with a constant molar ratio of DVB to St of 1:1 (w/w) and different amounts of lignin or its derivatives. The morphologies of the obtained materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Two types of lignin modifications were performed to introduce vinyl groups into the lignin molecules: modification with acrylic acid and modification with epichlorohydrin plus acrylic acid. The course of modification was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal stability and degradation behavior of the obtained microspheres were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, and the pore structure was characterized via nitrogen sorption experiments. Owing to the presence of specific functional groups and the well-developed pore structure, the obtained Lignin-St-DVB microspheres may have potential application as specific sorbents for the removal of phenolic pollutants from water, as demonstrated by the solid-phase extraction technique.
Numerical simulation and parameters inversion for non-symmetric two-sided fractional advection-dispersion equations
Authors: Jia Xianzheng , Li Gongsheng 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with numerical solution and parameters inversion for
a one-dimensional non-symmetric two-sided fractional advection-dispersion
equation (FADE) with zero Neumann boundary condition in a finite domain. A
fully discretized finite difference scheme is set forth based on
Grünwald–Letnikov's definition of the fractional derivative, and its
stability and convergence are proved by estimating the spectral radius of the
coefficient matrix of the scheme. Furthermore, an inverse problem of
simultaneously determining the fractional order and the dispersion coefficients
is investigated, and numerical inversions are carried out by using the optimal
perturbation regularization algorithm. The inversion results show that the
fractional order and the dispersion coefficients in the FADE can be determined
successfully by the final observations.
Sensitivity analysis of piecewise linear vibration
isolator with dual rate spring and damper
Authors: Pogorilyi Oleksandr , Trivailo Pavel , Fard Mohammad , Jazar Reza N. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

In this paper the exact frequency response of
symmetric piecewise linear vibration isolator has been revised
and reviewed. The frequency response of the system
is calculated and detailed sensitivity analysis is presented.
The method of obtaining the exact frequency response of
the isolator is based on combining together the liner solutions
of different segments within the cycle of motion of
the system. In this paper set of graphs for different parameters
of the system that illustrates the sensitivity of the system
have been provided. The analysis of the impact of parameters
of the system on its behavior has been presented.
The sensitivity analysis is required to be able to determine
the working domain of the parameters. Jump avoidance
and peak amplitude minimization are the main aspects of
parameter working domain.
Strange Attractors, Chaotic Behavior, and Information Flow
Authors: Shaw Robert 
Published: February 2015

Simple system equations displaying turbulent behavior are reviewed in the light of information theory. It is argued that a physical implementation of such equations is capable of acting as an information source, bringing into the macroscopic variables information not implicit in initial conditions. The average rate of information production λ̄ is a system state function, and is given for simple cases by a "Liapunov characteristic exponent", developed by Oseledec. The transition of a system from laminar to turbulent behavior is understandable in terms of the change of λ̄ from negative to positive, corresponding to the change of the system from an information sink to a source. The new information of turbulent systems precludes predictability past a certain time; when new information accumulates to displace the initial data, the system is undetermined.
The observed geometry of strange attractors is seen to arise naturally from a rule allowing joining but not splitting of trajectories in phase space. The phenomenology of strange attractors in three dimensions is discussed, and a basis for their classification suggested. A comment is made on the commonplace occurrence of information producing systems in the real world, and on their possible relation to 1/f noise