bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food acceptance and neophobia in children with phenylketonuria: a prospective controlled study
Authors: Evans S. , Daly A. , Chahal S. , MacDonald J. , MacDonald A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn phenylketonuria (PKU), little is known about the effect of bitter‐tasting phenylalanine‐free l‐amino acid exposure on taste preference development. The present prospective study aimed to determine the flavour preferences of children with PKU versus healthy control children.MethodsThirty‐five children with PKU and 35 age/gender‐matched controls, aged 4–13 years, tasted 10 blinded puree foods in random order. They were rated using a seven‐point pictorial hedonic scale (super yummy to super yucky) and ranked in preferential order. Caregivers completed a neophobia and food frequency questionnaire on behalf of their children.ResultsBoth PKU and control groups rated sweet foods higher than savoury, bitter and sour foods. However, control children ranked fruits as a group higher than PKU children (mean 3.7 versus 4.6; P = 0.03), whereas PKU children ranked vegetables as a group higher than controls (mean 5.6 versus 6.3; P = 0.05). Children with PKU had more neophobia and were untrusting/fearful of new foods.ConclusionsAlthough there was some evidence to suggest that children with PKU aged ≥4 years prefer savoury foods (vegetables) more than control children, they did not prefer bitter‐tasting foods, and so early and persistent administration of bitter‐tasting l‐amino acids was not associated with apparent taste imprinting. Neophobia appears to play significant part in food refusal in PKU, perhaps more so than taste preferences.
Molecular Characterization of Divergent Strawberry Mild Yellow Edge Virus Isolates from Eastern Canada
Authors: Bhagwat Basdeo , Dickison Virginia , Su Li , Bernardy Mike , Wiersma Paul A. , Nie Xianzhou , Xiang Yu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe complete genome sequences of four new isolates of strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV) were determined and analysed. The isolates, designated as AB41‐01, AB41‐02, NB1165 and NS26, were found from strawberry fields showing strawberry decline symptoms in eastern Canada. AB41‐01 and AB41‐02 were from a single‐plant sample originating from Prince Edward Island, while NB1165 came from New Brunswick and NS26 from Nova Scotia. Nucleotide sequence identities are 95.8% between AB41‐01 and NB1165, 99.6% between AB41‐02 and NS26, and 84% between AB41‐01/NB1165 and AB41‐02/NS26. The four isolates share nucleotide sequence identities of 83.5–89.9% to two previously identified SMYEV isolates, namely MY18 and D7. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the four Canadian isolates represented two new SMYEV strain types and the strain divergences were not likely from recombination events among all presently known SMYEV isolates.
The neuroprotective and anti‐apoptotic effects of melatonin on hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia‐induced oxidative brain damage
Authors: Pazar Asilay , Kolgazi Meltem , Memisoglu Aslı , Bahadir Elif , Sirvanci Serap , Yaman Akan , Yeğen Berrak Ç. , Ozek Eren 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMelatonin exerts protection in several inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. To investigate the neuroprotective effects of melatonin in an experimental hemolysis‐induced hyperbilirubinemia, newborn Sprague–Dawley rats (25–40 g, n = 72) were injected with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHZ; 75 mg/kg) and the injections were repeated at the 24th hour. Rats were treated with saline or melatonin (10 mg/kg) 30 min before the first and second PHZ injections and 24 h after the 2nd PHZ injections. Control rats (n = 24) were injected with saline, but not PHZ. At sixth hours after the last injections of saline or melatonin, all rats were decapitated. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL–1β, IL‐10 and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100B levels in the plasma were measured. Brain tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were measured, and brain tissues were evaluated for apoptosis by TUNEL method. In the saline‐treated PHZ group, hemoglobin, hematocrit levels were reduced, and total/direct bilirubin levels were elevated when compared to control group. Increased plasma TNF‐α, IL‐1β levels, along with decreased BDNF, S100B and IL‐10 values were observed in the saline‐treated PHZ group, while these changes were all reversed in the melatonin‐treated group. Increased MDA levels and MPO activities in the brain tissues of saline‐treated hyperbilirubinemic rats, concomitant with depleted brain GSH stores, were also reversed in the melatonin‐treated hyperbilirubinemic rats. Increased TUNEL(+) cells in the hippocampus of saline‐treated PHZ group were reduced by melatonin treatment. Melatonin exerts neuroprotective and anti‐apoptotic effects on the oxidative neuronal damage of the newborn rats with hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia.
Psychological distress in Rome III functional dyspepsia patients presenting for testing of gastric emptying
Authors: Dibaise J. K. , Islam R. S. , Dueck A. C. , Roarke M. C. , Crowell M. D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere have been conflicting results from studies that have evaluated psychological disturbances in functional dyspepsia (FD). We conducted a comprehensive survey of psychological measures in patients undergoing gastric emptying testing (GET) in order to determine the relationship among psychological distress, gastric emptying, and dyspeptic symptoms.MethodsConsecutive patients referred for GET were prospectively enrolled. Details regarding patient characteristics, health care utilization, dyspeptic symptoms, quality of life, and psychological dysfunction were obtained. Depression, anxiety, somatization, stress, positive and negative affect, and alexithymia were queried using validated questionnaires. We compared those dyspeptic patients who met Rome III criteria for FD to those who did not meet these criteria.Key ResultsTwo hundred and nine patients (160 female; mean age 46.6 years ± 17.3 years) participated. Around 151 patients (72%) met Rome III criteria for FD. In the entire group, a high level of depression, anxiety, somatization, and perceived stress was present compared to population norms. Health care seeking behavior and symptom severity were greater in those with FD and quality of life was lower compared to non‐FD. Gastric emptying did not differentiate the two groups and similar degrees of psychological distress were present whether emptying was delayed or normal.Conclusions & InferencesIn patients referred for GET, substantial psychological distress is present. The degree of distress was similar regardless of whether the patient met Rome III FD criteria or not. Further evaluation of psychological dysfunction in FD patients may lead to improved diagnosis and determination of the most appropriate treatment.
Radical nursing and the emergence of technique as healthcare technology
Authors: Barnard Alan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe integration of technology in care is core business in nursing and this role requires that we must understand and use technology informed by evidence that goes much deeper and broader than actions and behaviours. We need to delve more deeply into its complexity because there is nothing minor or insignificant about technology as a major influence in healthcare outcomes and experiences. Evidence is needed that addresses technology and nursing from perspectives that examine the effects of technology, especially related to increasing demands for efficiency, the relationship of technology to nursing and caring, and a range of philosophical questions associated with empowering people in their healthcare choices. Specifically, there is a need to confront in practice the ways technique influences care. Technique is the creation of a kind of thinking that is necessary for contemporary healthcare technology to develop and be applied in an efficient and rational manner. Technique is not an entity or specific thing, but rather a way of thinking that seeks to shape and organize nursing activity, and manage efficiently individual difference(s) in care. It emphasizes predetermined causal relationships, conformity, and sameness of product, process, and thought. In response is needed a radical vision of nursing that attempts in a real sense to ensure we meet the needs of individuals and their community. Activism and advocacy are needed, and a willingness to create a certain detachment from the imperatives that technique demands. It is argued that our responsibility as nurses is to respond in practice to the errors, advantages, difficulties, and temptations of technology for the benefit of those who most need our assistance and care.
Resolving the ‘nitrogen paradox’ of arbuscular mycorrhizas: fertilization with organic matter brings considerable benefits for plant nutrition and growth
Authors: Thirkell Tom J. , Cameron Duncan D. , Hodge Angela 
Published: October 2015

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can transfer nitrogen (N) to host plants, but the ecological relevance is debated, as total plant N and biomass do not generally increase. The extent to which the symbiosis is mutually beneficial is thought to rely on the stoichiometry of N, phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) availability. While inorganic N fertilization has been shown to elicit strong mutualism, characterized by improved plant and fungal growth and mineral nutrition, similar responses following organic N addition are lacking. Using a compartmented microcosm experiment, we determined the significance to a mycorrhizal plant of placing a 15N‐labelled, nitrogen‐rich patch of organic matter in a compartment to which only AMF hyphae had access. Control microcosms denied AMF hyphal access to the patch compartment. When permitted access to the patch compartment, the fungus proliferated extensively in the patch and transferred substantial quantities of N to the plant. Moreover, our data demonstrate that allowing hyphal access to an organic matter patch enhanced total plant N and P contents, with a simultaneous and substantial increase in plant biomass. Furthermore, we demonstrate that organic matter fertilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants can foster a mutually beneficial symbiosis based on nitrogen transfer, a phenomenon previously thought irrelevant.
Causative pathogens and antibiotic resistance in children hospitalized for urinary tract infection
Authors: Koçak Mesut , Büyükkaragöz Bahar , Çelebi Tayfur Asli , Çaltik Aysun , Köksoy Adem Yasin , Çizmeci Zeynep , Günbey Sacit 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common bacterial infections in children and a major cause of hospitalization. In this study we investigated the clinical characteristics, causative uropathogens; their antibiotic susceptibility and resistance patterns, treatment modalities and efficacy in children hospitalized for UTI in a tertiary care setting.MethodsPatients hospitalized for an upper UTI between March 2009 and July 2014 were enrolled. The urine culture–antibiogram results and accompanying urinary tract abnormalities were recorded retrospectively.ResultsA total of 142 patients (104 girls, 73.2%; 38 boys, 26.8%) were enrolled. Mean patient age was 32.6 ± 4.1 months. History of recurrent UTI was present in 45.8% (n = 65), with prior hospitalization in 12.0% (n = 17). Frequency of vesicoureteral reflux was 18.3% (n = 26). Gram‐negative enteric microorganisms yielded growth in all culture‐positive UTI and the most common microorganism wasEscherichia coli(n = 114, 80.3%). Extended spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing (ESBL (+)) bacterial strains were detected in 49.3% (n = 70), with third‐generation cephalosporin resistance in all and increased duration of hospitalization.ConclusionsThe prevalence of UTI with ESBL (+) bacterial strains with multi‐drug resistance is increasing in the hospitalized pediatric population, therefore rational use of antibiotics is essential.
Pediatric extended spectrum β‐lactamase infection: Community‐acquired infection and treatment options
Authors: Sethaphanich Napapailin , Santanirand Pitak , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Techasaensiri Chonnamet , Chaisavaneeyakorn Sujittra , Apiwattanakul Nopporn 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundInfection caused by extended spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in pediatric patients has been increasing and spreading to the community, compromising the options for effective antibiotics. This retrospective study was conducted to identify which antibiotics ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae remain susceptible to. In addition, the prevalence of community‐acquired infection caused by these organisms, and the possibility of association between these organisms and septic shock, were explored.MethodsAntibiotic susceptibility of ESBL‐producing and non‐ESBL‐producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from pediatric patients were reviewed to determine the rates of susceptibility to various antibiotics. A chart review was performed to clarify the prevalence of community‐acquired infection and the severity.ResultsOf 849 strains analyzed, 40% were ESBL positive. Apart from cephalosporins, ESBL‐producing strains were also less likely to be susceptible to other antibiotics, such as quinolones, gentamicin, netilmicin, and cotrimoxazole, more than 90% of which were still susceptible to amikacin, carbapenems, colistin, and tigecycline. Around 20% of community‐acquired infections in the present study were caused by ESBL‐producing strains. ESBL‐producing strains found in the community were more likely to be susceptible to gentamicin, netilmicin, and cefepime than those found in hospital. Infection caused by ESBL‐producing strains was not significantly associated with septic shock.ConclusionThe increase in infection caused by ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae limits the availability of effective antibiotics. Given that carbapenems are necessary for treating serious infections, amikacin, cefepime, and piperacillin/tazobactam are possible options for consolidative therapy or for non‐serious infection.
Sexual similarity, complementarity, accuracy, and overperception in same‐sex couples
Authors: DE JONG DAVID C. , REIS HARRY T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe examined whether similarity, complementarity, accuracy, and positive illusions exist within the sex lives of same‐sex romantic couples. Partners had similar and complementary sexual desires and they perceived each other's desires with considerable accuracy; these effects were greater than in randomly matched pseudocouples. As evidence of positive sexual illusions, people overperceived sexual similarity and complementarity, and they overperceived the accuracy with which their partner knew their desires. Using actor–partner interdependence models (D. A. Kenny, D. A. Kashy, & W. L. Cook, 2006), similarity, complementarity, and positive illusions predicted sexual satisfaction, but a partner's actual accuracy did not. In parallel with earlier findings from heterosexual couples, this work indicates that positive sexual illusions are motivated cognitive processes that benefit sexual satisfaction, as theories of relationship maintenance suggest.
The Amniotic Membrane: Development and Potential Applications – A Review
Authors: Favaron PO , Carvalho RC , Borghesi J , Anunciação ARA , Miglino MA 
Published: October 2015

ContentsFoetal membranes are essential tissues for embryonic development, playing important roles related to protection, breathing, nutrition and excretion. The amnion is the innermost extraembryonic membrane, which surrounds the foetus, forming an amniotic sac that contains the amniotic fluid (AF). In recent years, the amniotic membrane has emerged as a potential tool for clinical applications and has been primarily used in medicine in order to stimulate the healing of skin and corneal diseases. It has also been used in vaginal reconstructive surgery, repair of abdominal hernia, prevention of surgical adhesions and pericardium closure. More recently, it has been used in regenerative medicine because the amniotic‐derived stem cells as well as AF‐derived cells exhibit cellular plasticity, angiogenic, cytoprotective, immunosuppressive properties, antitumoural potential and the ability to generate induced pluripotent stem cells. These features make them a promising source of stem cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering. In this review, we discussed the development of the amnion, AF and amniotic cavity in different species, as well as the applicability of stem cells from the amnion and AF in cellular therapy.
Sedimentology, depositional environments and significance of an Ediacaran salt‐withdrawal minibasin, Billy Springs Formation, Flinders Ranges, South Australia
Authors: Counts John W. , Amos Kathryn J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe late Ediacaran Billy Springs Formation is a little‐studied, mudstone‐dominated unit deposited in the Adelaide Rift Complex of South Australia. Sediments are exposed in an approximately 11 km × 15 km synclinal structure interpreted as a salt‐withdrawal minibasin. The stratigraphic succession is characterized by convolute‐laminated slump deposits, rhythmically laminated silty mudstones, rare diamictites and fining‐upward turbidite lithofacies. Lithofacies are the product of deposition in a deepwater slope or shelf setting, representing one of the few such examples preserved within the larger basin. Although exact correlations with other formations are unclear, the Billy Springs Formation probably represents the distal portion of a highstand systems tract, and is overlain by coarser sediments of the upper Pound Subgroup. Diamictite intervals are interpreted to be the product of mass flow processes originating from nearby emergent diapirs, in contrast to previous studies that suggest a glacial origin for extrabasinal clasts. Within the spectrum of outcropping minibasins around the world, the sediments described here are unique in their dominantly fine‐grained nature and overall lithological homogeneity. Exposures such as these provide an opportunity to better understand the sedimentological processes that operate in these environments, and provide an analogue for similar settings in the subsurface that act as hydrocarbon reservoir‐trap systems.
Remarks on Ergativity and Phase Theory
Authors: Karimi Yadgar 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper discusses one empirical domain where a transitivevP, though being a full propositional construction, does not form a phase. Drawing data from the past transitive structures,akaergative constructions, in Kurdish, I will demonstrate that the interface‐oriented arguments underlying the determination of the first phase (v*P vs.vP) fall short of accounting for the emergent case/agreement pattern in these structures. Instead, à la Chomsky (2008), a view will be endorsed of the first phase in which avPconstitutes a strong phase only if its head is associated with a full complement of φ‐features, regardless of whether an external θ‐role is projected in [spec,vP]. Thus construed, the identification of a strong phase need not be procrastinated until the wholevPis formed, rather the status of a phase will be decided once a φ‐complete/‐defective v° enters into the derivation.
Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism in Women Engaging in Recreational Horseback Riding
Authors: Kaczmarek Agnieszka , Nowak Alicja , Leszczynski Piotr 
Published: October 2015

Background:An increased occurrence of lifestyle-related diseases such as osteoporosis indicates the necessity for taking preventive action, including regularly engaging in physical activity. The aim of the study was to assess the areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone turnover markers levels in young adult women engaging in recreational horseback riding and to determine the relationship between training characteristics and bone metabolism indices.Methods:The study involved 43 women: 23 equestrians and 20 age- and body mass index–matched controls. The hip and spine aBMD and serum levels of the bone turnover markers: osteocalcin and collagen type I cross-linked C-telopeptide were measured.Results:No significant differences were found in somatic features, concentrations of bone turnover markers, or bone mass variables. Correlation analysis of the equestrian participants showed significant relationship between body mass and BMDL1–L4 (P < .05) as well as between BMI and BMDL1–L4 (P ≤ .01) and z-score L1–L4 (P < .05).Conclusions:The study showed no differences in bone mass and levels of bone metabolic indices between groups of women practicing horseback riding at the recreational level and subjects who do not participate in frequent systematic physical activity. No relationship between training characteristics and bone turnover markers were found.
The realities of risk-cost-benefit analysis
Authors: Fischhoff Baruch 
Published: October 2015

Setting policy, knowing risks
Policy-makers often commission formal analyses to estimate the costs, risks, and benefits of proposed projects or policies. Applications range from estimating the risks of commercial nuclear power, to setting priorities among environmental risks, to comparing technologies for generating electricity, to weighing the benefits and risks of prescription drugs. In the United States, analyses are required for all major federal regulations. Fischhoff reviews how such analyses are limited by the scientific and ethical judgments inherent in the process and require collaboration between those who generate the analyses and those who want to use them.

Science
, this issue p.
10.1126/science.aaa6516
High Prevalence of Mycoplasma faucium DNA in the Human Oropharynx
Authors: Edouard Sophie , Courtois Gaëlle Denis , Gautret Philippe , Jouve Jean-Luc , Minodier Philippe , Noël Guilhem , Roch Antoine , Brouqui Philippe , Stein Andreas , Drancourt Michel , Fournier Pierre-Edouard , Raoult Didier 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma faucium
has recently been associated with brain abscesses and seems to originate from the mouth. We evaluated its prevalence by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in the oropharynxes of 644 subjects and found that 25% harbored
M. faucium
, probably constituting the gateway for entrance of the bacteria into cerebral abscesses.
Are Pathogenic Leptospira Species Agents of Community-Acquired Pneumonia? Case Reports of Leptospirosis Presenting as Pneumonia
Authors: Gasem M. Hussein , Farida Helmia , Ahmed Ahmed , Severin Juliţte A. , Suryanto Agus , Isbandrio Bambang , Verbrugh Henri A. , Hartskeerl Rudy A. , van den Broek Peterhans J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
We report four Indonesian cases meeting the clinical and radiological criteria for community-acquired pneumonia and other findings suggestive of leptospirosis. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses of serum and urine samples and serology confirmed the diagnosis of leptospirosis in each. Results of qPCR analysis of throat swabs were concordant with those obtained with acute-phase serum samples, which suggests its potential for use as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for leptospirosis.