bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal visual experience induces postnatal motor laterality in Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Casey Michael B. , Sleigh Merry J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTSpecies‐typical prenatal visual stimulation in avian species is a necessary component in the development of population level lateralized behaviors. This relationship suggests that species‐typical developmental outcomes result from organismic and environmental constraints and experiences shared by members of a species. We examined the effects of prenatal visual experience on the development of turning bias and footedness in Japanese quail chicks, a species which does not demonstrate a naturally occurring level of population laterality and only weak individual laterality. Chicks (n = 167) were exposed to one of four prenatal conditions: both eye systems exposed to enhanced visual experience, right eye system exposed/left eye system occluded, left eye system exposed/right eye system occluded, or no enhanced visual experience. When subjects were exposed to prenatal visual stimulation, individual and population level laterality was induced. These results suggest that unilateral prenatal visual experience to the right eye or left eye system is sufficient to induce and influence the direction of individual and population laterality in a species that does not normal demonstrate such biases. The results also provide further evidence that prenatal sensory experiences can elicit the development of postnatal lateralization. © 2013Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 489–497, 2014.
The long‐term effects of neonatal morphine administration on the pentylenetetrazol seizure model in rats: The role of hippocampal cholinergic receptors in adulthood
Authors: Saboory Ehsan , Gholami Morteza , Zare Samad , Roshan‐Milani Shiva 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTEarly life exposure to opiates may affect neuropathological conditions, such as epilepsy, during adulthood. We investigated whether neonatal morphine exposure affects pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)‐induced seizures in adulthood. Male rats were subcutaneously injected with morphine or saline on postnatal days 8–14. During adulthood, each rat was assigned to 1 of the following 10 sub‐groups: saline, nicotine (0.1, 0.5, or 1 μg), atropine (0.25 or 1 μg), oxotremorine M (0.1 or 1 μg), or mecamylamine (2 or 8 μg). An intrahippocampal infusion of the indicated compound was administered 30 min before seizure induction (80mg/kg PTZ). Compared with the saline/oxotremorine (1 μg), saline/saline, and morphine/saline groups, the morphine/oxotremorine (1 μg) group showed a significantly increased latency to the first epileptic behavior. The duration of tonic–clonic seizures was significantly lower in the morphine/oxotremorine (1 μg) group compared to the saline/saline and morphine/saline groups. The severity of seizure was significantly decreased in the morphine/atropine (1 μg) group than in the saline/atropine (1 μg). Seizure severity was also decreased in the morphine/mecamylamine (2 μg) group than in the saline/mecamylamine (2 μg) group. Latency for death was significantly lower in the morphine/mecamylamine (2 μg) group compared with the saline/mecamylamine (2 μg) group. Mortality rates in the morphine/atropine (1 μg) and morphine/mecamylamine (2 μg) groups were significantly lower than those in the saline/atropine (1 μg) and saline/mecamylamine (2 μg) groups, respectively. Chronic neonatal morphine administration attenuated PTZ‐induced seizures, reduced the mortality rate, and decreased the impact of the hippocampal cholinergic system on seizures and mortality rate in adult rats. Neonatal morphine exposure induces changes to μ‐receptors that may lead to activation of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. This pathway may explain the anti‐convulsant effects of morphine observed in our study. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 498–509, 2014.
Semantic context facilitates odor identification in children and adults
Authors: Goubet Nathalie , McCall Daniel D. , Ducz Jennifer K. , Bingham Megan L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe current study investigated the influence of semantic cues on odor identification in preschool‐aged children and adults. We tested the hypothesis that odor identification in a multiple‐choice task is facilitated when choices belong to different semantic categories compared to when they belong to the same category. Participants were shown three color pictures, one of which represented the target odor and the other two depicted items that were either from the same or different semantic categories as the target odor. After smelling the target odor, participants were asked to identify the odor they had just smelled by pointing to one of the three pictures. Results indicated that while adults outperformed children, performance in both age groups was better when the picture of the target odor was semantically unrelated to the foil pictures. These data support the idea that well‐known deficits in odor identification may result from weak associations between the olfactory percept and semantic memory rather than from poor olfactory perception per se. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 592–598, 2014.
Distinct neural mechanisms of individual and developmental differences in VSTM capacity
Authors: Astle Duncan E. , Harvey Hannah , Stokes Mark , Mohseni Hamid , Nobre Anna C. , Scerif Gaia 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTOur ability to maintain visuo‐spatial information increases gradually through childhood and is highly variable across individuals, although the cognitive and neural mechanisms underpinning these differences in capacity are unknown. We presented participants with arrays of to‐be‐remembered items containing two targets, four targets, or two targets and two distracters. The participants were divided into three groups: (i) high‐capacity adults; (ii) low‐capacity adults; and (iii) typically developing children. In addition to our behavioral methods we used electrophysiological scalp recordings to contrast the immature VSTM capacity of the children with the deficient VSTM capacity of the low‐capacity adults. We also observed a relative negativity in the maintenance delay, over scalp contralateral to the original locations of the memoranda. For the low‐capacity adults, this negativity was similarly modulated by target and distracter items, indicative of poor selectivity. This was not the case for the high‐capacity adults; the response to memory arrays containing two target items and two distracters was equivalent to the response elicited by arrays containing only two target items. Importantly, the pattern of results in the children's ERP data was equivalent to that of the high‐capacity adults, rather than to the performance‐matched low‐capacity adults. In short, despite their obvious differences in capacity, children are not specifically impaired at filtering out distractors, as characteristic of low‐capacity adults. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 601–610, 2014.
Age differences in (±) 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐induced conditioned taste aversions and monoaminergic levels
Authors: Cobuzzi Jennifer L. , Siletti Kayla A. , Hurwitz Zachary E. , Wetzell Bradley , Baumann Michael H. , Riley Anthony L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPreclinical work indicates that adolescent rats appear more sensitive to the rewarding effects and less sensitive to the aversive effects of abused drugs. The present investigation utilized the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) design to measure the relative aversive effects of (±)3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 0, 1.0, 1.8, or 3.2 mg/kg) in adolescent and adult Sprague–Dawley rats. After behavioral testing was complete, monoamine and associated metabolite levels in discrete brain regions were quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection (HPLC‐ECD) to determine if adolescent animals displayed a different neurochemical profile than did adult animals after being exposed to subcutaneous low doses of MDMA. Adolescent rats displayed less robust MDMA‐induced taste aversions than adults during acquisition and on a final two‐bottle aversion test. MDMA at these doses had no consistent effect on monoamine levels in either age group, although levels did vary with age. The relative insensitivity of adolescents to MDMA's aversive effects may engender an increased vulnerability to MDMA abuse in this specific population. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 635–646, 2014.
Brief and long periods of maternal separation affect maternal behavior and offspring behavioral development in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Bailoo Jeremy D. , Jordan Richard L. , Garza Xavier J. , Tyler Amber N. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTFor rats, maternal mediation of brief and longer term dam–pup separations were thought to account for pup differences in adult “emotionality.” In this study, early handling (EH), maternal separation (MS), and maternal peer separation (MPS) groups were compared to an animal facility reared (AFR) group for maternal behavior and offspring adult open‐field behavior in C57BL/6 mice. Although MS and MPS dams displayed higher levels of maternal behavior upon reunion, these group differences did not predict offspring open‐field behavior. However, when offspring behavior was analyzed as a function of specific aspects of maternal behavior, irrespective of treatment group, pups that received high levels of quiescent nursing and activity, but not licking, were less “emotional.” Individual differences in maternal licking of pups predicted variability of “emotional” behavior for AFR and EH pups. Thus, for this strain of mouse, individual and not treatment differences in maternal care predict offspring “emotional” development. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 674–685, 2014.
Neuroendocrine coupling across adolescence and the longitudinal influence of early life stress
Authors: Ruttle Paula L. , Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. , Armstrong Jeffrey M. , Klein Marjorie H. , Essex Marilyn J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTDrawing on conceptual models illustrating the advantages of a multisystemic, interactive, developmental approach to understanding development, the present study examines the covariation of stress and sex hormones across the adolescent transition and the effect of early life stress (ELS) on neuroendocrine coupling to gain insight into atypical development. Morning levels of cortisol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were assessed at ages 11, 13, and 15; ELS was assessed during the infancy and preschool periods. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that cortisol‐DHEA coupling patterns progressed to tight, positive coupling across adolescence. Cortisol‐testosterone coupling was positive at age 11 but became more negative at ages 13 and 15. Exposure to ELS resulted in more adultlike neuroendocrine coupling patterns earlier in life than non‐exposed youth; however the effect of ELS on cortisol‐testosterone coupling was unique to girls. Results illustrate trajectories of neuroendocrine coupling that may be unique to adolescence. Moderation by ELS suggests that early stress exposure may prompt earlier adultlike neuroendocrine coupling, particularly within girls, which may contribute to early pubertal development. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 688–704, 2015.
The association between the acute psychobiological stress response in second trimester pregnant women, amniotic fluid glucocorticoids, and neonatal birth outcome
Authors: Ghaemmaghami Pearl , Dainese Sara M. , La Marca Roberto , Zimmermann Roland , Ehlert Ulrike 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe underlying biological mechanism of prenatal stress in humans is poorly understood, but maternal cortisol (F) excess seems to play an important role. In pregnant rats, acute stress causes an up‐regulation of placental 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β‐HSD2), an enzyme present throughout the body (e.g., placenta, salivary glands) that inactivates F to cortisone (E), thereby protecting the fetus from maternal F overexposure. Whether acute stress influences human 11β‐HSD2 is unclear. We aimed to explore the association between the maternal stress reactivity and amniotic fluid F, E, and the E/(E + F) ratio as a marker of fetoplacental 11β‐HSD2. The predictive value of all markers for birth outcome was investigated. We examined 34 healthy pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis, which served as a standardized, real‐life stressor. F, E, and E/(E + F) were determined from a single aliquot of amniotic fluid, and from saliva samples collected repeatedly. Subjects filled out state questionnaires repeatedly and were re‐examined in a control condition after notification of a normal amniocentesis result. During amniocentesis, psychological stress, salivary F (SalF), and salivary E (SalE) increased significantly, whereas SalE/(E + F) decreased. The SalF reactivity was positively associated with amniotic E, while SalE/(E + F) was inversely associated with amniotic E/(E + F). SalF and SalE predicted lower and SalE/(E + F) higher birth weight. Psychological and amniotic fluid variables were unrelated to birth outcome. Findings indicate that maternal F is inactivated to E in the human fetoplacental unit during acute stress. Increased 11β‐HSD2 activity within the maternal salivary glands following acute stress may mirror further stress protective mechanisms worthwhile investigating. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 734–747, 2014.
Seismic isolation using granulated tire–soil mixtures for less‐developed regions: experimental validation
Authors: Xiong Wei , Li Yaozhuang 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn this study, shaking‐table experiments were conducted with a novel seismic isolation system (Geotechnical Seismic Isolation, GSI) to validate its dynamic performance during earthquakes. This isolation technique uses shredded rubber–soil mixtures to reduce the structural response to earthquakes, and thus may not only provide economical structural safety for buildings in less‐developed regions, but could also consume a large amount of waste tires worldwide. The present experimental results show that the GSI system has potential to significantly mitigate seismic hazards. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of 2D versus 3D modeling approaches for the analysis of the concrete faced rock‐fill Cokal Dam
Authors: Arici Yalin , Özel Halil Fırat 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis paper's primary purpose is to compare the 2D and 3D analysis methodologies in investigating the performance of a concrete faced rock‐fill dams under dynamic loading conditions. The state of stress on the face plate was obtained in both cases using a total strain based crack model to predict the spreading of cracks on the plate and the corresponding crack widths. Results of the 2D and 3D analyses agree well. Although significantly more demanding, 3D analyses have the advantage of predicting the following: (i) the opening of the vertical construction joints; (ii) the cracking at the valley sides; and (iii) the crushing of the plate during the seismic action. During the earthquake loading, the cracking predicted at the base of the face plate after the impounding spread significantly towards the crest of the dam; however, the crack widths are obtained relatively small. Crushing of the face plates at the construction joints is the primary cause of the large scale cracking predicted on the face plate for high intensity earthquakes. Earthquake induced permanent deformation of the fill increases the compressive stresses on the face plate, thereby reducing the minute cracking on the plate. However, this effect also leads to significant increases in the residual openings at the construction joints and at the plinth level. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pore‐scale trapping of supercritical CO2 and the role of grain wettability and shape
Authors: Chaudhary Kuldeep , Bayani Cardenas M. , Wolfe William W. , Maisano Jessica A. , Ketcham Richard A. , Bennett Philip C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe capillary trapping of supercritical CO2 (s‐CO2) is postulated to comprise up to 90% of permanently trapped CO2 injected during geologic sequestration. Successive s‐CO2/brine flooding experiments under reservoir conditions showed that water‐wet rounded beads trapped 15% of injected s‐CO2 both as clusters and as individual ganglia, whereas CO2‐wet beads trapped only 2% of the injected s‐CO2 as minute pockets in pore constrictions. Angular water‐wet grains trapped 20% of the CO2 but flow was affected by preferential flow. Thus, capillary trapping is a viable mechanism for the permanent CO2 storage, but its success is constrained by the media wettability.
The preservation of atmospheric nitrate in snow at Summit, Greenland
Authors: Fibiger Dorothy L. , Hastings Meredith G. , Dibb Jack E. , Huey L. Gregory 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThere is great interest in using nitrate (NO3−) isotopic composition in ice cores to track the history of precursor nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) in the atmosphere. NO3−, however, can be lost from the snow by surface processes, such as photolysis back to NOx upon exposure to sunlight, making it difficult to interpret records of NO3− as a tracer of atmospheric NOx loading. In a campaign consisting of two field seasons (May–June) at Summit, Greenland, high temporal frequency surface snow samples were collected and analyzed for the oxygen isotopic composition of NO3−. The strong, linear relationship observed between the oxygen isotopes of NO3−, in both 2010 and 2011, is difficult to explain in the presence of significant postdepositional processing of NO3−, unless several unrelated variables change in concert. Therefore, the isotopic signature of NO3− in the snow at Summit is most feasibly explained as preserved atmospheric NO3− deposition.
Healthcare priority setting in Kenya: a gap analysis applying the accountability for reasonableness framework
Authors: Bukachi Salome A. , Onyango‐Ouma Washington , Siso Jared Maaka , Nyamongo Isaac K. , Mutai Joseph K. , Hurtig Anna Karin , Olsen Øystein Evjen , Byskov Jens 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn resource‐poor settings, the accountability for reasonableness (A4R) has been identified as an important advance in priority setting that helps to operationalize fair priority setting in specific contexts. The four conditions of A4R are backed by theory, not evidence, that conformance with them improves the priority setting decisions. This paper describes the healthcare priority setting processes in Malindi district, Kenya, prior to the implementation of A4R in 2008 and evaluates the process for its conformance with the conditions for A4R. In‐depth interviews and focus group discussions with key players in the Malindi district health system and a review of key policy documents and national guidelines show that the priority setting process in the district relies heavily on guidelines from the national level, making it more of a vertical, top‐down orientation. Multilateral and donor agencies, national government, budgetary requirements, traditions and local culture influence the process. The four conditions of A4R are present within the priority setting process, albeit to varying degrees and referred to by different terms. There exists an opportunity for A4R to provide a guiding approach within which its four conditions can be strengthened and assessed to establish whether conformance helps improve on the priority setting process. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of surface roughness of carbon materials on human osteoblast‐like cell growth
Authors: Starý Vladimír , Douděrová Margita , Bačáková Lucie 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article presents a study of the dependence of the biocompatibility of a carbon‐based material, namely a 2D C/C composite, on mechanical and chemical surface modifications. The mechanical modifications were surface grinding and polishing, and chemical modifications were made by depositing thin layers of pyrolytic carbon, titanium‐carbon and DLC layers. Human osteoblast‐like MG 63 cells were cultivated on these materials. The densities of the cells after one‐day cultivation and after four‐day cultivation, and the average cell spreading area after one‐day cultivation, were evaluated in dependence on particular surface roughness parameters. The minima of the cell density on pyrolytic carbon and titanium‐carbon layers were found; they were connected with the maxima of the average cell area. For DLC, the cell area decreased as the roughness parameter Ra increased in the range 0.1–10 µm, although the minimum appeared for the density of the cells. Using a multivariate test, the dependences of the biocompatibility parameters on the layer material and on surface grinding were statistically significant. The results suggest that the optimal roughness parameters for MG 63 cell on carbon based surface were Ra ∼ 3.5 µm, RSm ∼0.03–0.08 mm, Rsk ∼0 or negative and Rku ∼ 20, DLC being the best material choice. These values of roughness were obtained by simple mechanical grinding of substrate and coating by DLC layer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1868–1879, 2014.
Effect of cell‐seeded hydroxyapatite scaffolds on rabbit radius bone regeneration
Authors: Rathbone C. R. , Guda T. , Singleton B. M. , Oh D. S. , Appleford M. R. , Ong J. L. , Wenke J. C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHighly porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds were developed as bone graft substitutes using a template coating process, characterized, and seeded with bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). To test the hypothesis that cell‐seeded HA scaffolds improve bone regeneration, HA scaffolds without cell seeding (HA‐empty), HA scaffolds with 1.5 × 104 BMSCs (HA‐low), and HA scaffolds with 1.5 × 106 BMSCs (HA‐high) were implanted in a 10‐mm rabbit radius segmental defect model for 4 and 8 weeks. Three different fluorochromes were administered at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after implantation to identify differences in temporal bone growth patterns. It was observed from fluorescence histomorphometry analyses that an increased rate of bone infiltration occurred from 0 to 2 weeks (p < 0.05) of implantation for the HA‐high group (2.9 ± 0.5 mm) as compared with HA‐empty (1.8 ± 0.8 mm) and HA‐low (1.3 ± 0.2 mm) groups. No significant differences in bone formation within the scaffold or callus formation was observed between all groups after 4 weeks, with a significant increase in bone regenerated for all groups from 4 to 8 weeks (28.4% across groups). Although there was no difference in bone formation within scaffolds, callus formation was significantly higher in HA‐empty scaffolds (100.9 ± 14.1 mm3) when compared with HA‐low (57.8 ± 7.3 mm3; p ≤ 0.003) and HA‐high (69.2 ± 10.4 mm3; p ≤ 0.02) after 8 weeks. These data highlight the need for a better understanding of the parameters critical to the success of cell‐seeded HA scaffolds for bone regeneration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1458–1466, 2014.