bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidepressant effects of selective adenosine receptor antagonists targeting the A1 and A2A receptors administered jointly with NMDA receptor ligands: behavioral, biochemical and molecular investigations in mice
Authors: Szopa Aleksandra , Bogatko Karolina , Serefko Anna , Herbet Mariola , Ostrowska-Leśko Marta , Wróbel Andrzej , Radziwoń-Zaleska Maria , Dudka Jarosław , Wlaź Piotr , Poleszak Ewa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the study was to ascertain the antidepressant potential of the co-administration of NMDA receptor ligands and selective adenosine A1 and A2A receptor antagonists.MethodsThe forced swim test (FST) and spontaneous locomotor activity test were carried out in adult male naïve mice. Before the behavioral testing, animals received DPCPX (a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg) or istradefylline (a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, 0.5 mg/kg) in combination with L–701,324 (a potent NMDA receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg), D–cycloserine (a partial agonist at the glycine recognition site of NMDA receptor, 2.5 mg/kg), CGP 37849 (a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, 0.3 mg/kg) or MK–801 (a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, 0.05 mg/kg). Additionally, serum BDNF level and the mRNA level of theAdora1,Comt, andSlc6a15genes in the murine prefrontal cortex were determined.ResultsThe obtained results showed that DPCPX and istradefylline administered jointly with NMDA receptor ligands (except for DPCPX + D–cycloserine combination) produced an antidepressant effect in the FST in mice without enhancement in spontaneous motility of animals. An elevation in BDNF concentration was noted in the D–cycloserine-treated group.Adora1expression increased with L–701,324, DPCPX + D–cycloserine, and DPCPX + CGP 37849, while D–cycloserine, CGP 37849, and MK–801 led to a decrease.ComtmRNA levels dropped with DPCPX + L–701,324, istradefylline + L–701,324/CGP 37849 but increased with D–cycloserine, MK–801, CGP 37849 and DPCPX + MK–801/ CGP 37849.Slc6a15levels were reduced by D–cycloserine, DPCPX + L–701,324 but rose with DPCPX + CGP 37849/MK–801 and istradefylline + D–cycloserine/MK–801/CGP 37849.ConclusionOur study suggests that selective antagonists of adenosine receptors may enhance the antidepressant efficacy of NMDA receptor ligands highlighting a potential synergistic interaction between the adenosinergic and glutamatergic systems. Wherein, A2A receptor antagonists are seen as more promising candidates in this context. Given the intricate nature of changes in BDNF levels and the expression ofAdora1,Comt, andSlc6a15seen after drug combinations exerting antidepressant properties, further research and integrative approaches are crucial understand better the mechanisms underlying their antidepressant action.
Efficient Organic Carbon Burial by Bottom Currents in the Ocean: A Potential Role in Climate Modulation
Authors: Yin Shaoru , Hernández‐Molina F. Javier , Fan Weijia , Li Jiabiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBottom currents play a major role in deep‐sea sedimentation, but their significance in the burial of organic carbon is poorly quantified at a global scale. Here we show that Holocene fluxes of organic carbon into the contourite drifts are high, with a global average of 0.09 g cm−2 Kyr−1. At individual drift sites, fluxes are commonly 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than rates in surrounding areas and in global depth‐similar zones. These high fluxes of organic carbon into the contourite drifts are due to high rates of sedimentation. Over the past 50 million years, sedimentation rates at the studied contourite drift sites have overall increased, coincident with decreasing atmospheric CO2 and a cooling global climate. Our work suggests that a ramp‐up of the bottom‐current carbon pump has accelerated removal of CO2 from the atmosphere and oceanic water, thus contributing to the overall global cooling after the Eocene Thermal Maximum.
Efficacious human metapneumovirus vaccine based on AI-guided engineering of a closed prefusion trimer
Authors: Bakkers Mark J. G. , Ritschel Tina , Tiemessen Machteld , Dijkman Jacobus , Zuffianò Angelo A. , Yu Xiaodi , van Overveld Daan , Le Lam , Voorzaat Richard , van Haaren Marlies M. , de Man Martijn , Tamara Sem , van der Fits Leslie , Zahn Roland , Juraszek Jarek , Langedijk Johannes P. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe prefusion conformation of human metapneumovirus fusion protein (hMPV Pre-F) is critical for eliciting the most potent neutralizing antibodies and is the preferred immunogen for an efficacious vaccine against hMPV respiratory infections. Here we show that an additional cleavage event in the F protein allows closure and correct folding of the trimer. We therefore engineered the F protein to undergo double cleavage, which enabled screening for Pre-F stabilizing substitutions at the natively folded protomer interfaces. To identify these substitutions, we developed an AI convolutional classifier that successfully predicts complex polar interactions often overlooked by physics-based methods and visual inspection. The combination of additional processing, stabilization of interface regions and stabilization of the membrane-proximal stem, resulted in a Pre-F protein vaccine candidate without the need for a heterologous trimerization domain that exhibited high expression yields and thermostability. Cryo-EM analysis shows the complete ectodomain structure, including the stem, and a specific interaction of the newly identified cleaved C-terminus with the adjacent protomer. Importantly, the protein induces high and cross-neutralizing antibody responses resulting in near complete protection against hMPV challenge in cotton rats, making the highly stable, double-cleaved hMPV Pre-F trimer an attractive vaccine candidate.
The first deep-snouted tyrannosaur from Upper Cretaceous Ganzhou City of southeastern China
Authors: Zheng Wenjie , Jin Xingsheng , Xie Junfang , Du Tianming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTyrannosaurids were the most derived group of Tyrannosauroidea and are characterized by having two body plans: gracile, long-snouted and robust, deep-snouted skulls. Both groups lived sympatrically in central Asia. Here, we report a new deep-snouted tyrannosaurid, Asiatyrannus xui gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous of Ganzhou City, southeastern China, which has produced the large-bodied and long-snouted Qianzhousaurus. Based on histological analysis, the holotype of Asiatyrannus xui is not a somatically mature adult, but it already passed through the most rapid growth stages. Asiatyrannus is a small to medium-sized tyrannosaurine, with a skull length of 47.5 cm and an estimated total body length of 3.5–4 m; or around half the size of Qianzhousaurus and other large-bodied tyrannosaurines in similar growth stages. Asiatyrannus and Qianzhousaurus are sympatric tyrannosaurid genera in the Maastrichtian of southeastern China. Asiatyrannus differs from Qianzhousaurus in that it has a proportionally deeper snout, longer premaxilla, deeper maxilla, and deeper dentary, and the cornual process of the lacrimal is inflated without developing a discrete horn. The different skull proportions and body sizes suggest that Asiatyrannus and Qianzhousaurus likely had different feeding strategies and occupied different ecological niches.
ChemReco: automated recognition of hand-drawn carbon–hydrogen–oxygen structures using deep learning
Authors: Ouyang Hengjie , Liu Wei , Tao Jiajun , Luo Yanghong , Zhang Wanjia , Zhou Jiayu , Geng Shuqi , Zhang Chengpeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChemical molecular structures are a direct and convenient means of expressing chemical knowledge, playing a vital role in academic communication. In chemistry, hand drawing is a common task for students and researchers. If we can convert hand-drawn chemical molecular structures into machine-readable formats, like SMILES encoding, computers can efficiently process and analyze these structures, significantly enhancing the efficiency of chemical research. Furthermore, with the progress of educational technology, automated grading is gaining popularity. When machines automatically recognize chemical molecular structures and assess the correctness of the drawings, it offers great convenience to teachers. We created ChemReco, a tool designed to identify chemical molecular structures involving three atoms: C, H, and O, providing convenience for chemical researchers. Currently, there are limited studies on hand-drawn chemical molecular structures. Therefore, the primary focus of this paper is constructing datasets. We propose a synthetic image method to rapidly generate images resembling hand-drawn chemical molecular structures, enhancing dataset acquisition efficiency. Regarding model selection, the hand-drawn chemical molecule structural recognition model developed in this article achieves a final recognition accuracy of 96.90%. This model employs the encoder-decoder architecture of EfficientNet + Transformer, demonstrating superior performance compared to other encoder-decoder combinations.
DigiSpan: Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Based, Adaptive Test of Short-Term Memory and Working Memory
Authors: Dillon Harvey , Boyle Christian , Gaikwad Shrutika , Luengtaweekul Ponsuang , Cameron Sharon 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
This article describes DigiSpan, a new computer-controlled auditory test of forward and reverse digit span, designed to be administered by clinicians, and presents normative and test–retest reliability data for adults.

Method:

DigiSpan mimics conventional live-voice tests in that it commences with trials that ascend in length until a stopping criterion is met, giving rise to a conventional scaled score. It then administers five additional adaptive trials, the length of which depends on the correctness of the response to the previous trial. Each of these two segments of the measurement gives rise to a scaled score. The ascending and adaptive scores are averaged to give an overall score and subtracted to produce an internal measure of consistency, and hence reliability. Young adults with an
M
age
of 25 years (
N
= 163) were tested, of whom 65 were retested on a separate day.

Results:
The scaled scores from the conventional ascending trials were highly consistent with existing normative data based on live-voice tests. Combination of the conventional scaled score with a scaled score based on the adaptive trials led to 44% reduction in error variance for forward memory span and 20% reduction for reverse memory span. The average of these (32%) is similar to but (insignificantly) less than the 42% reduction in error variance that can be predicted based on adding the five adaptive trials.

Conclusions:
Replacing live-voice production of digits by a clinician with recorded, computer-controlled production has not affected the difficulty of the test. Adding five additional trials around the sequence length that a test participant can just remember has produced a decrease in measurement error. In addition, the availability of separate scaled scores for the ascending and adaptive phases enables the reliability of the combined score to be checked, for both forward and reverse measurements. The combination of standardized delivery, increased accuracy, internal reliability check, and fast automated scoring makes the test highly suitable for clinical use.
Superpixel‐guided locality preserving projection and spatial–spectral classification for hyperspectral image
Authors: Song Hailong , Zhang Shuzhen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLocality preserving projection (LPP) is a typical feature extraction method based on spectral information for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. Recently, to improve the classification performance, the spatial information of HSI has been applied in the LPP method. However, for most of spatial–spectral‐based LPP methods, they explore the spatial–spectral information within a fixed local window, which cannot be appropriate to the irregular‐shape ground objects in HSI. To over this issue, an effective superpixel‐guided LPP and spatial–spectral classification method are proposed, in which the spatial–adaptive structure information is fully excavated for HSI classification. Specifically, superpixel segmentation is first conducted on the HSI to generate shape‐adaptive homogeneous subregions. Then, to learn more discriminative projection, the neighbourhood graph for LPP is constructed based on spatial–spectral similarity, in which pixels within the same superpixel are connected. Finally, the obtained projection feature is input a classifier to yield the initial classification result, and the edge information of ground objects captured by superpixels is utilized to optimize the initial classification result. Experiments on two real hyperspectral datasets demonstrate that the proposed superpixel‐guided and spatial–spectral classification method significantly outperforms the other well‐known techniques for HSI classification.
Diversity of Babesia spp. in skunks from selected states in the United States of America
Authors: Garrett Kayla B. , Brown Justin , Gabriel Mourad , Dowler Robert , Perkins J. Clint , Krejsa Dianna , Yabsley Michael J. 
Published: July 2024

Babesia species are intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites that infect a variety of hosts. The goal of this study was to evaluate the piroplasm species present in skunks in various states in the United States and determine whether there was any geographic variation. Spleen, whole blood, or blood on filter paper were received from Pennsylvania, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Missouri, Louisiana, Texas, Kansas, and California, and were tested for Babesia sp. We tested four species of skunks including striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis, n = 72), eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius, n = 28), western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis, n = 15), and hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus leuconotus, n = 11). A PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA region and cox1 region were used to determine if skunks were infected with piroplasms and for phylogenetic analyses. A total of 48.4% (61/126) of skunks tested positive for a Babesia species. Both the 18S and cox1 analysis supported a skunk-specific Babesia microti-like sp. of carnivores as well as a species in the B. microti complex that is phylogenetically unique from both B. microti of humans and the B. microti-like sp. of carnivores. In the 18S analysis, there was a third species of Babesia in hog-nosed skunks in the western piroplasm group. This study shows that at least three species of piroplasms occur in skunk species in the United States and further highlights the importance of phylogenetic analyses and the use of multiple gene targets when studying piroplasms.
The measurement, level, and influence of resource allocation efficiency in universities: empirical evidence from 13 “double first class” universities in China
Authors: Chen Biao , Chen Yan , Sun Yajing , Tong Yu , Liu Ling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChina’s higher education system is shifting from quantitative expansion to connotative development to advance its quality. Since 2015, Chinese governments have been implementing a strategic policy for higher education called “double first-class”, which aims to promote a number of Chinese top universities to construct world-class universities or to establish world-class disciplines. “Double first-class” universities have received a large amount of educational resources through this policy. Taking advantage of resources efficiently is an important element in promoting the development of higher quality higher education. However, research on resource allocation in China’s “double first-class” universities is incomplete. Current research has not clarified the level of resource allocation efficiency or the factors affecting China’s “double first-class” universities. With the help of the superefficient data envelopment analysis (DEA)-Malmquist–Tobit model, this study actively explores the current status of the resource allocation efficiency of China’s “double first-class” universities to fill this gap in the field. Specifically, the development level and change trend of the resource allocation efficiency of 13 “double first-class” universities in China from 2015 to 2019 were measured with the help of the superefficient DEA-Malmquist model. The internal and external factors affecting the resource allocation efficiency of “double first-class” universities are also analysed with the help of the Tobit model. The overall level of resource allocation efficiency of “double first-class” universities is high, but the internal variability is large. From the perspective of efficiency decomposition, it is found that both technical efficiency change (EFch) and technical progress efficiency (TEch) play important roles in improving the total factor productivity (TFP) of resource allocation. Compared with TEch, EFch plays a more significant pulling role. This study confirms that the factors affecting resource allocation efficiency are complex. Among them, the regional economic environment, faculty title structure, and degree of international exchange have significant roles in promoting the resource allocation efficiency of “double first-class” universities, but local financial support and the time of policy implementation have certain negative effects.
Face attributes in interviews with Iranian politicians
Authors: Bahman Masoumeh , Lowe Veronica 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study examines face attributes in political interviews involving interviewers working for western
broadcasting companies and Iranian politicians. The data consists of 10 hours of talk. The topic raised in the interviews is
concerned with Iran’s human rights which have aroused concern and been the focus of international attention. Iranian politicians
interviewed on global media are often questioned about Iran’s non-conformity with Human Rights Council. The study revealed that
the interviewers ascribed the Iranian politicians with the negative attributes of lack of universalism, non-benevolence, lack of
power, non-conformity, and lack of self-direction and the interviewees claimed the positive attributes of security, conformity,
benevolence, universalism, self-direction, achievement and tradition to save or enhance their face.
Also, the findings demonstrated that Iranian politicians tended to be more concerned with their collective
face.
I am a doctor in your shoes
Authors: Zhao Xin , Mao Yansheng , Wang Yihang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The ability to be empathic with the emotionally-charged personal accounts of patients in a medical consultation is
an essential attribute of a qualified doctor. However, there is a lack of empirical research on how empathy is interactionally
achieved by Chinese doctors in text-based online medical consultations (OMC). Based on 600 records of text-type online
consultations retrieved from https://www.120ask.com, this paper aims to explore how
empathy is pragmatically constructed for doctor-patient rapport management in online medical consultations. The findings of this
analysis reveal that the types of empathy are in the form of cognitive empathy, affective empathy, sharing empathy, and nurturing
empathy. By showing how doctors discursively used these four types of empathic strategies, the study contributes to the limited
but growing body of research on Chinese doctors’ empathic strategies in online medical consultations.
Hierarchical multi-level dynamic hyperparameter deformable image registration with convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhu Zhenyu , Li Qianqian , Wei Ying , Song Rui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. To enable the registration network to be trained only once, achieving fast regularization hyperparameter selection during the inference phase, and to improve registration accuracy and deformation field regularity. Approach. Hyperparameter tuning is an essential process for deep learning deformable image registration (DLDIR). Most DLDIR methods usually perform a large number of independent experiments to select the appropriate regularization hyperparameters, which are time-consuming and resource-consuming. To address this issue, we propose a novel dynamic hyperparameter block, which comprises a distributed mapping network, dynamic convolution, attention feature extraction layer, and instance normalization layer. The dynamic hyperparameter block encodes the input feature vectors and regularization hyperparameters into learnable feature variables and dynamic convolution parameters which changes the feature statistics of the high-dimensional features layer feature variables, respectively. In addition, the proposed method replaced the single-level structure residual blocks in LapIRN with a hierarchical multi-level architecture for the dynamic hyperparameter block in order to improve registration performance. Main results. On the OASIS dataset, the proposed method reduced the percentage of

|

J

ϕ

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⩽
0

by 28.01

%

, 9.78

%

and improved Dice similarity coefficient by 1.17

%

, 1.17

%

, compared with LapIRN and CIR, respectively. On the DIR-Lab dataset, the proposed method reduced the percentage of

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J

ϕ

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⩽
0

by 10.00

%

, 5.70

%

and reduced target registration error by 10.84

%

, 10.05

%

, compared with LapIRN and CIR, respectively. Significance. The proposed method can fast achieve the corresponding registration deformation field for arbitrary hyperparameter value during the inference phase. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method reduces training time compared to DLDIR with fixed regularization hyperparameters while outperforming the state-of-the-art registration methods concerning registration accuracy and deformation smoothness on brain dataset OASIS and lung dataset DIR-Lab.
Estimating the production of dark photons with η decay in high-energy collisions*
Authors: Kou 寇 Wei 维 , Chen 陈 Xurong 旭荣 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We propose searching for dark photon signals in the decay channel of η mesons, specifically through the leptonic decay (

) observable in photon-photon interactions during ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions. We estimate the total cross-section for dark photon production in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at current and future hadron colliders. Our findings support the potential for detecting dark photon signals at the LHC, High-Luminosity LHC, High-Energy LHC, and Future Circular Collider.
Enhancing precision of chromatic confocal measurement through linear interpolation based centroid algorithm
Authors: Lu Wenlong , Dai Jiacheng , Zeng Wenhan , Zhong Wenbin , Blunt Liam , Jiang Xiangqian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In chromatic confocal measurement (CCM), the accuracy and precision of the results rely on the robustness of the spectral power distribution (SPD) signal resolution. However, traditional centroid algorithms struggle with the inherent discretization of the SPD signal, leading to significant measurement errors. To address this issue, a linear interpolation based centroid algorithm is proposed to improve the robustness of the results. In the precision calibration experiment conducted with the in-house developed chromatic confocal sensors, the proposed algorithm demonstrates good robustness. Moreover, it achieves a 50% enhancement in the accuracy of a 4 mm range, improving from 1 μm to 0.5 μm.