bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of maximal and submaximal arm crank ergometry and cycle ergometry on postural sway
Authors: Hill Mathew W. , Goss‐Sampson Mark , Duncan Michael J. , Price Michael J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether arm crank ergometry (ACE) disturbed postural sway to the same extent as cycle ergometry (CE). Nine healthy, none specifically trained adults undertook posturographic tests before and after five separate exercise trials consisting of: two incremental exercise tests to exhaustion for ACE and CE to examine postural sway responses to maximal exercise and to determine peak power output (Wmax); two subsequent tests of 30 min duration for ACE and CE at a relative workload corresponding to 50% of the ergometer‐specific Wmax (ACErel; 53 ± 8 W and CErel; 109 ± 16 W). A final CE trial was performed at the same absolute power output (CEabs) as the submaximal ACE trial to match absolute exercise intensity (i.e., 53 ± 8 W). The centre of pressure (COP) displacement was recorded using a force platform before, immediately after exercise and during a 30‐min recovery period. ACE had no effects on postural sway (P > 0.05). An increase in mediolateral COP displacement was observed following maximal CE only (P = 0.001), while anteroposterior COP displacement and COP path length increased following maximal and submaximal CE (P < 0.05). These differences in postural sway according to exercise mode likely stem from the activity of postural muscles when considering that CE recruits lower limb muscles involved in balance. This study provides evidence of an exercise mode which does not elicit post‐exercise balance impairments, therefore possesses applications to those at an increased risk of falling.
Reversal of Dabigatran-induced Bleeding by Coagulation Factor Concentrates in a Rat-tail Bleeding Model and Lack of Effect on Assays of Coagulation
Authors: van Ryn Joanne , Schurer Johanna , Kink-Eiband Monika , Clemens Andreas 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background:
Dabigatran is a potent oral anticoagulant. Like any anticoagulant, there is an increased risk of bleeding associated with its use, and reversal may be needed in cases of severe bleeding.

Methods:
In this study, six coagulation factor concentrates (CFCs) were tested for their ability to reduce bleeding induced by oral dabigatran etexilate (30 mg/kg) in a rat-tail bleeding model (n = 5 to 8 per group): three-factor (Profilnine [Grifols Biologicals Inc., Los Angeles, CA] and Bebulin [Baxter BioScience, Westlake Village, CA]) and four-factor prothrombin complex concentrates (Beriplex [CSL Behring, Marburg, Germany] and Octaplex [Octapharma AG, Lachen, Switzerland]), activated prothrombin complex concentrate (Factor Eight Inhibitor Bypassing Activity; Baxter AG, Vienna, Austria), and recombinant factor VIIa (NovoSeven; NovoNordisk, Bagsværd, Denmark). The effect of CFCs on prolongation of coagulation assays was measured. Thrombin generation after administration of each CFC was compared in vitro using human plasma (n = 5) spiked with dabigatran in concentrations corresponding to median peak (200 ng/ml) and supratherapeutic values (600 and 1,000 ng/ml).

Results:
Dabigatran resulted in an approximately three-fold increase in bleeding time, consistent with supratherapeutic dabigatran plasma levels. Beriplex (35 and 50 IU/kg), Octaplex (40 IU/kg), Profilnine (50 IU/kg), Bebulin (60 IU/kg), Factor Eight Inhibitor Bypassing Activity (100 U/kg), and NovoSeven (500 μg/kg) significantly decreased this prolonged bleeding time over 30 min (P < 0.001). The coagulation assays were prolonged three- to eight-fold over baseline (P = 0.01). None of the CFCs produced a consistent change in these assays that was predictive of reduced bleeding. Thrombin generation reversal was dependent on the concentration of dabigatran and each CFC; normalization occurred at the lower concentration of dabigatran with most CFCs, but not at higher concentrations.

Conclusions:
In this animal model, bleeding induced by high doses of dabigatran can be reduced by CFCs. However, routine coagulation assays do not predict this effect.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Stocking Dantrolene in Ambulatory Surgery Centers for the Treatment of Malignant Hyperthermia
Authors: Aderibigbe Taiwo , Lang Barbara H. , Rosenberg Henry , Chen Qixuan , Li Guohua 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background:
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare hypermetabolic syndrome of the skeletal muscle and a potentially fatal complication of general anesthesia. Dantrolene is currently the only specific treatment for MH. The Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States has issued guidelines recommending that 36 vials (20 mg per vial) of dantrolene remain in stock at every surgery center. However, the cost of stocking dantrolene in ambulatory surgery centers has been a concern. The purpose of this analysis is to assess the cost-effectiveness of stocking dantrolene in ambulatory surgery centers as recommended by the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States.

Methods:
A decision tree model was used to compare treatment with dantrolene to a supportive care-only strategy. Model assumptions include the incidence of MH, MH case fatality with dantrolene treatment and with supportive care-only. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the estimated cost-effectiveness.

Results:
The estimated annual number of MH events in ambulatory surgery centers in the United States was 47. The incremental effectiveness of dantrolene compared with supportive care was 33 more lives saved per year. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $196,320 (in 2010 dollars) per life saved compared with a supportive care strategy. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust for the plausible range of all variables and assumptions tested.

Conclusion:
The results of this analysis suggest that stocking dantrolene for the treatment of MH in ambulatory surgery centers as recommended by the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States is cost-effective when compared with the estimated values of statistical life used by U.S. regulatory agencies.
Sphingopyxis contaminans sp. nov., isolated from a contaminated Petri dish
Authors: Subhash Y. , Sasikala Ch. , Ramana Ch. V. 
Published: April 2014

Strain JC216T was isolated from a contaminated Petri dish. Colonies were of pale yellow colour and cells were Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive. Chitin, starch and gelatin were not hydrolysed. Strain JC216T contained C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c, C14 : 0 2-OH and C16 : 0 as the major (≥8 %) fatty acids with minor amounts of C12 : 0, C15 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 0 2-OH, C16
: 1 2-OH, C17 : 1ω6c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 1ω9c. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingoglycolipid were the major polar lipids. Minor amounts of unidentified amino lipids and unidentified lipids were also detected. The major hopanoids identified were bacterial hopane derivatives and diplopterol. Minor amounts of diploptene and an unidentified hopanoid were also present. Spermidine was the major polyamine with minor amounts of sym-homospermidine and putrescine. N-Acetylglucosamine and fructose were identified as major cell-wall sugars along with minor amounts of mannose and galactose. The genomic DNA G+C content was 55 mol%. Comparisons of the16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain JC216T represents a member of the genus

Sphingopyxis

in the family

Sphingomonadaceae

within the class

Alphaproteobacteria

. Strain JC216T had a sequence similarity of 97.28 % with

Sphingopyxis wooponensis

03SU3-PT and <96.71 % with other members of the family

Sphingomonadaceae

. Furthermore, strain JC216T had 33±1 % relatedness (based on DNA–DNA hybridization) with

S. wooponensis

KCTC 23340T ( = 03SU3-PT). Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC216T as a representative of a novel species in the genus

Sphingopyxis

, for which the name Sphingopyxis contaminans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC216T ( = KCTC 32445T = LMG 27671T).
The Roles of Reactive Oxygen Metabolism in Drought: Not So Cut and Dried
Authors: Noctor Graham , Mhamdi Amna , Foyer Christine H. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Drought is considered to cause oxidative stress, but the roles of oxidant-induced modifications in plant responses to water deficit remain obscure. Key unknowns are the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced at specific intracellular or apoplastic sites and the interactions between the complex, networking antioxidative systems in restricting ROS accumulation or in redox signal transmission. This Update discusses the physiological aspects of ROS production during drought, and analyzes the relationship between oxidative stress and drought from different but complementary perspectives. We ask to what extent redox changes are involved in plant drought responses and discuss the roles that different ROS-generating processes may play. Our discussion emphasizes the complexity and the specificity of antioxidant systems, and the likely importance of thiol systems in drought-induced redox signaling. We identify candidate drought-responsive redox-associated genes and analyze the potential importance of different metabolic pathways in drought-associated oxidative stress signaling.
The Campylobacter jejuni RacRS system regulates fumarate utilization in a low oxygen environment
Authors: van der Stel Anne‐Xander , van Mourik Andries , Heijmen‐van Dijk Linda , Parker Craig T. , Kelly David J. , van de Lest Chris H. A. , van Putten Jos P. M. , Wösten Marc M. S. M. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe natural environment of the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is the gastrointestinal tract of warm‐blooded animals. In the gut, the availability of oxygen is limited; therefore, less efficient electron acceptors such as nitrate or fumarate are used by C. jejuni. The molecular mechanisms that regulate the activity of the highly branched respiratory chain of C. jejuni are still a mystery mainly because C. jejuni lacks homologues of transcription factors known to regulate energy metabolism in other bacteria. Here we demonstrate that dependent on the available electron acceptors the two‐component system RacRS controls the production of fumarate from aspartate, as well as its transport and reduction to succinate. Transcription profiling, DNAse protection and functional assays showed that phosphorylated RacR binds to and represses at least five promoter elements located in front of genes involved in the uptake and synthesis of fumarate. The RacRS system is active in the presence of nitrate and trimethyl‐amine‐N‐oxide under oxygen‐limited conditions when fumarate is less preferred as an alternative electron acceptor. In the inactive state, RacRS allows utilization of fumarate for respiration. The unique C. jejuni RacRS regulatory system illustrates the disparate evolution of Campylobacter and aids the survival of this pathogen.
Cardiac Changes Due to Electronic Control Devices? A Computer‐Based Analysis of Electrical Effects at the Human Heart Caused by an ECD Pulse Applied to the Body's Exterior
Authors: Kunz Sebastian N. , Aronshtam Julia , Tränkler Hans‐Rolf , Kraus Sybille , Graw Matthias , Peschel Oliver 
Published: April 2014

AbstractElectronic control devices (ECDs) deliver high‐voltage, low‐current energy pulses temporarily paralyzing a person. For the ECD–human interaction, we have developed a computer model using the SEMCAD program within which to simulate the electrical effects throughout the body resulting from the imposition of an ECD pulse at a particular point on the body surface. Our human body models were based on cross‐sectional MRIs and CT scans, with the dielectric properties of the various tissues assigned based on previously published values. We simulated the application of a single ECD pulse and calculated the resulting electric field strength and current and charge densities at different body locations. The results were compared with corresponding values obtained by other researchers in similar simulations. Furthermore, we simulated an application of a pulse of 20‐millisecond duration equal to the European household current of 50 Hz and to the ventricular fibrillation threshold. The resulting current level indicated at the heart muscle was 1/5 the level considered the threshold for triggering ventricular fibrillation.
The Relationship Between Mental Disorders and Types of Crime in Inmates in a Brazilian Prison
Authors: Pondé Milena P. , Caron Jean , Mendonça Milena S. S. , Freire Antônio C. C. , Moreau Nicolas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study conducted in prisons in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, investigated the association between the presence of psychiatric disorders in 462 prisoners and the types of crimes committed by them. Psychiatric diagnosis was obtained by means of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview. A statistically significant association was found between some psychiatric disorders and specific groups of crime: lifelong substance addiction with sex crimes and homicide; antisocial personality disorder with robbery and with kidnapping and extortion; borderline personality disorder with sex crimes; and lifelong alcohol addiction with fraud and conspiracy and with armed robbery and murder. It was concluded that the mental disorders considered more severe (psychosis and bipolar disorder) were not associated with violent crimes, suggesting that the severity of the psychotic disorder may be the factor that has caused psychosis to be associated with violent crimes in previous studies.
Parental satisfaction with paediatric care, triage and waiting times
Authors: Fitzpatrick Nicholas , Breen Daniel T , Taylor James , Paul Eldho , Grosvenor Robert , Heggie Katrina , Mahar Patrick D 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aims to determine parental and guardian's perceptions of paediatric emergency care and satisfaction with care, waiting times and triage category in a community ED.MethodsA structured questionnaire was provided to parents or guardians of paediatric patients presenting to emergency. The survey evaluated parent perceptions of waiting time, environment/facilities, professionalism and communication skills of staff and overall satisfaction of care.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐three completed questionnaires were received from parents of paediatric patients. Responses were overall positive with respect to the multiple domains assessed. Parents generally considered waiting times to be appropriate and consistent with triage categories. Overall satisfaction was not significantly different for varying treatment or waiting times. Patients triaged as semi‐urgent were of the opinion that waiting times were less appropriate than urgent, less‐urgent or non‐urgent patients.ConclusionOn the basis of the present study, patient perceptions and overall satisfaction of care does not appear to be primarily influenced by time spent waiting or receiving treatment. Attempts made at the triage process to ensure that semi‐urgent patients have reasonable expectations of waiting times might provide an opportunity to improve these patients’ expectations and perceptions.
A stream for complex, ambulant patients reduces crowding in an emergency department
Authors: Grouse Andrew I , Bishop Roderick O , Gerlach Liesel , de Villecourt Tracey L , Mallows James L 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to evaluate the effect of adding a stream for complex, ambulatory patients in an ED.MethodsThe setting was an ED in a principal referral hospital in New South Wales, Australia. In 2011, a new stream was added to the pre‐existing acute care (high complexity patients) and fast track (low complexity patients) streams. Space in acute care was set aside for the purpose of assessing patients who would previously have been assigned to acute care and who were capable of sitting in a chair with limited nursing care. The stream was separately resourced with staff redeployed from acute care. Early involvement of an emergency physician was a core characteristic of the process. Two 13 week periods before and after the intervention were compared.ResultsPresentations increased by 8.2%. Forty‐three per cent of patients were triaged to the new stream. The median ED length of stay fell from 327 (interquartile range [IQR] 192–527) min to 267 (IQR 163–412) min (P < 0.001), the average daily occupancy of the department fell from 38.1 patients to 34.9 patients (95% confidence interval [CI] for difference 1.6–4.8, P < 0.001) and the proportion of patients who did not wait to be seen fell from 12% to 5.6% (95% CI for difference 5.8–7.1, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe use of an appropriately resourced stream directed towards seeing a complex group of patients who do not require ongoing nursing care and who are capable of sitting in a chair improved departmental flow.
What paramedics think about when they think about fatigue: Contributing factors
Authors: Paterson Jessica L , Sofianopoulos Sarah , Williams Brett 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveParamedic fatigue is associated with burnout, attrition, sick leave, work disability, physical and mental health complaints and impaired performance. However, no studies have addressed how fatigue is understood by paramedics. The present study addresses this shortcoming by exploring factors paramedics recognise as contributors to fatigue.MethodsForty‐nine (12F; 38 years ± 9.7 years) Australian paramedics completed a survey on perceived causes of performance impairing fatigue. A total of 107 responses were systematically coded following principles common to qualitative data analysis: data immersion, coding, categorisation and theme generation.ResultsSix themes emerged: working time, sleep, workload, health and well‐being, work–life balance and environment. Consistent with a scientific understanding of fatigue, prior sleep and wake, time of day and task‐related factors were often identified as contributing to fatigue. In other cases, paramedics’ attributions deviated from a scientific understanding of direct causes of fatigue.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that paramedics have a broad understanding of fatigue. It is critical to take this into account when discussing fatigue with paramedics, particularly in the case of fatigue education or wellness programmes. These data highlight areas for intervention and education to minimise the experience of paramedic fatigue and the negative health and safety outcomes for paramedics and patients as a result.
‘Did not waits’: A regional Australian emergency department experience
Authors: Blake Denise F , Dissanayake Dananjaya B , Hay Robyn M , Brown Lawrence H 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveDescribe the characteristics, reasons for leaving and outcomes of patients who did not wait (DNW) to be seen by a health practitioner in a regional Australian ED.MethodsProspective observational study of a convenience sample of ED DNW patients presenting to The Townsville Hospital between June 2011 and July 2012. Seven days from each month were selected, and DNW patients presenting on those days were enrolled. An investigator attempted to contact every DNW patient by telephone in the following week to elicit reasons for leaving, subsequent health contacts, outcomes and suggestions for system improvements. Additional outcome information was obtained from hospital electronic medical records.ResultsNearly 15 000 patients presented on the study days, with 648 (4.3%) DNWs: 415 (64.0%) adults, 193 (29.8%) children (1–16 years old) and 40 (6.2%) infants. Thirty‐eight (5.9%) patients who DNW were Australasian Triage Scale (ATS) category 3, 546 (84.3%) were ATS category 4 and 64 (9.9%) were ATS category 5. Most DNW patients presented on Sundays and between 1600 and 2359. Just over half of the patients who DNW (52.9%) sought additional medical treatment, with 4.9% requiring subsequent hospital admission. Three psychiatric patients who DNW required urgent mental health interventions organised by the investigators. Frustration with perceived waiting times was the most common reason for leaving without being seen.ConclusionsRegional Australia ED patients who DNW often still require medical care, with approximately 1 in 20 requiring subsequent hospital admission. Patients with psychiatric conditions who DNW might be at particular risk.
Small rural emergency services still manage acutely unwell patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Baker Tim , Dawson Samantha L 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveExamine the range of clinical situations encountered at small rural emergency care services. We hypothesised that over a 12 month period, small rural emergency services would encounter almost the entire range of clinical situations described at designated EDs.MethodsWe undertook a cross‐sectional prospective study observing five small rural emergency care services in South West Victoria. Patients were included if they presented between 1 February 2011 and 31 January 2012, and their type of visit was recorded as an emergency presentation. Main outcome measures are reports that describe clinical activity using the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset data collected at the five facilities.ResultsThere were 14 318 emergency presentations to the five emergency care services over 1 year. Almost 6% of patients (5.94%, 851/14 318, 95% CI 5.6–6.3%) were in the two most urgent categories. With a wide spectrum of problems presented, the level 1 facility saw 18 of the possible 27 diagnostic categories, and the level 2 and 3 facilities both saw 25 out of 27 diagnostic categories. There were 26 586 procedures recorded. Of the 62 possible medical procedures, only seven were not performed at least once. Critical care procedures were performed in levels 2 and 3 facilities.ConclusionThe five small rural emergency facilities encountered most of the clinical problems seen in full EDs. They saw almost all categories of emergency presentation, saw almost all diagnostic categories, treated critically ill and injured patients, and performed most procedures.
Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Characterization of Musts and Alembic Brazilian Cachaças Using Selected Yeast Strains
Authors: Badotti Fernanda , Gomes Fátima C.O. , Teodoro Mariana M.G. , Silva Alisson Luiz Diniz , Rosa Carlos Augusto , Machado Ana Maria de R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe choice of fermentation system during cachaça production can greatly influence the chemical composition of the beverage. In this work, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were selected based on fermentative properties and used as starters to produce alembic cachaça. In distillery scale production, the selected yeast strains exhibited greater adaptiblity to the fermentation environment and hence remained predominant throughout the process. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode revealed that most of the compounds present in the must are different from those formed in the distillate for both cachaças obtained from spontaneous and selected strains. However, beverages produced using selected strains showed greater similarity in chemical profiles than those produced from spontaneous strain fermentation. Moreover, a smaller number of ions were detected in beverages produced by selected strain than from spontaneous strain fermentation. Our results indicate that the selected S. cerevisiae strains evaluated are able to produce cachaças less subject to variation in chemical composition. This could potentially improve brand consistency and thus commercial viability, particularly in the international market.