bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADOLESCENTs' ATTRIBUTIONS OF PARENTAL POWER: A RE‐EXAMINATION OF THE ‘THEORY OF RESOURCES IN CULTURAL CONTEXT’*
Authors: Tashakkori Abbas , Thompson Vaida D. , Simonian Lucik 
Published: January 2013

Using a multidimensional parental power framework, power bases derived from adolescent descriptions of parent‐child interactions and family decision making were regressed on a multidimensional power construct and showed differential importance of predictor variables. Rodman's (1972) modified ‘theory of resources in cultural context’ is supported. Father's education alone does not lead to loss of paternal power; paternal power retention or loss must be considered in relation to such variables as maternal age and education and paternal age, and within relevant power categories. Mother's education affects her power bases; she increasingly shares culturally prescribed maternal and paternal power as her education increases. Her decreases in traditionally prescribed maternal power are not offset by an equivalent increase in traditionally prescribed paternal power; she may actually lose power with increased education. Relative education of husband and wife explains power differentials across power bases more clearly than does education of either spouse.En utilisant un cadre de référence multidimensionnel pour le pouvoir parental, différents fondements de pouvoir issus des descriptions offertes par les adolescents des interactions parent‐enfant et du processus décisionnel familial ont été obtenus par régression à partir d'un construit de pouvoir multidimensionnel; ces fondements dénotaient l'importance différentielle des variables de prédiction. La théorie modifiée de Rodman (1972) sur les ressources dans le contexte culturel est ainsi appuyée. Prise isolément, l'éducation du père ne conduit pas à une perte de pouvoir paternel; l'obtention ou la perte du pouvoir paternel doivent ětre considérés en relation avec des variables telles que l'âge et l'éducation de la mère, l'âge du père, ainsi qu'à l'intérieur de catégories pertinentes de pouvoir. L'éducation de la mère affecte les fondements de son pouvoir; elle partage d'une façon croissante le pouvoir paternel et maternel culturellement défini, à mesure que son niveau d'éducation augmente. Les diminutions du pouvoir maternel traditionnellement défini ne sont pas compensées par une augmentation équivalente du pouvoir paternel traditionnel; il est měme possible que la mère perde du pouvoir lorsque s'accroît son niveau d'éducation. Le niveau relatif d'éducation du mari et de l'épouse explique les différences de pouvoir au niveau de ses fondements beaucoup plus clairement que ne le fait le niveau éducationnel de l'un ou l'autre des époux.
TURKISH STUDENTs' SELF CONCEPTS AND REFLECTED APPRAISALS OF SIGNIFICANT OTHERS
Authors: Hortaçsu Nuran 
Published: January 2013

It was argued that self concept, being a social construct, should be investigated with instruments developed within the culture studied. A measure based on self descriptions of Turkish students was used to investigate self concepts of Turkish adolescents. Two subsamples of subjects reported on parents' and friends'/strangers' reflected appraisals respectively in addition to ideal self concepts. Regression analyses performed on data from male and female subsamples reporting on parents' reflected appraisals revealed that mothers' reflected appraisals were significant predictors for both sexes, whereas fathers' reflected appraisals and ideal self concepts were significant for females and males respectively. Regression analyses performed on the second subsample demonstrated that friends' and strangers' reflected appraisals were significant for both males and females. Ideal self concept was a significant predictor for males but not for females. Analyses of variance (Sex × Age × SES) revealed that females reported more positive self concepts than males. Significant effects of Age and SES also emerged.Il est proposé que le concept de soi, en tant que structure sociale, soit étudié avec des instruments conçus spécialement pour une culture particulière. Un instrument de mesure, basé sur les auto‐évaluations d'étudiants turcs, a été utilisé pour examiner le concept de soi chez des adolescents turcs. Deux échantillons de sujets ont présenté, respectivement, des rapports concernant les évaluations réfléchies de leurs parents, ou d'amis et d'étrangers, en měme temps que des concepts de soi idéaux. Des analyses de régression réalisées à partir des données recueillies auprès de sous‐échantillons d'hommes et de femmes livrant des évaluations réfléchies de leurs parents ont révélé que les évaluations réfléchies des mères étaient des prédicteurs significatifs pour les deux sexes; d'autre part, les évaluations réfléchies des pères, ainsi que les concepts de soi idéaux, permettaient, respectivement, l'obtention de résultats significatifs pour les femmes et les hommes. Des analyses de régression réalisées à partir du deuxième sous‐échantillon ont démontré que les évaluations réfléchies des amis et des étrangers étaient significatives à la fois pour les hommes et les femmes. Par ailleurs, le concept de soi idéal était un prédicteur significatif pour les hommes, mais pas pour les femmes. Des analyses de variance (sexe × âge × statut socio‐économique) ont révélé que les femmes rapportent des concepts de soi plus positifs que les hommes. L'âge et le statut socio‐économique ont également livré des différences significatives.
COOPERATION, COMPETITION, INDIVIDUALISM AND INTERPERSONALISM IN JAPANESE FIFTH AND EIGHTH GRADE BOYS*
Authors: Shwalb David , Shwalb Barbara , Murata Koji 
Published: January 2013

The study compared the expression of cooperation, competition, individualism and interpersonalism in Japanese youth. Forty‐two 5th grade boys and 42 8th grade boys first completed two questionnaires about cooperation/competition and group/individualized activities. Their group structure was then coded (as working in trios, in duos, or separately) as trios of boys built houses with playing cards. The experimental design crossed instructions (1) to work individually or in a group and (2) compete or do one's own best. Subjects were questioned about their awareness of, liking for and preferences for the cooperative, individualistic, and group‐centered aspects of the experimental tasks.On orientation scales, 8th graders chose equal numbers of individualistic and group‐centered activities, while 5th graders chose more group activities. Both age groups strongly favored cooperative over competitive items. In group trials of the experiment, 8th graders tended to work alone for greater proportions of time than did 5th graders. Questionnaire data indicated that (1) 8th graders reported greater enjoyment of the individualistic aspect of the task than did 5th graders, (2) both age groups evidenced a strong sense of interpersonalism, and (3) cooperation was rated more positively than competition at both ages. The study was discussed in relation to recent studies on Japanes school socialization and cooperation/competition.
Effects of Aquarium-Related Stressors on the Zebrafish: A Comparison of Behavioral, Physiological, and Biochemical Indicators
Authors: Gronquist David , Berges John A. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Fishes in aquaria and aquaculture settings may experience a variety of stressors including crowding, different lighting, periods of food deprivation, and vibrations from sources including pumps and tapping of tank sides. The effects of such low-level chronic stress are poorly explored. We used replicate sets of six Zebrafish Danio rerio in four series of experiments to compare the effects of (1) stocking densities ranging from 0.13 to 1.2 fish/L, (2) cool white (6,500 K), warm white (4,100 K), and ultraviolet-enhanced (420 actinic) fluorescent lighting, (3) food deprivation for up to 9 d, and (4) random mechanical tapping on the tank side sufficient to induce a startle response on specific behaviors (fin display, body fluttering, aggression, mouth gaping, and chattering), dissolved cortisol released into aquarium water (collected on a chromatography column and analyzed with an immunoassay), and heat-shock proteins (HSPs 27, 40, 60, and 70) detected immunochemically in western blots of muscle tissue. Of all the treatments, only food deprivation resulted in significant differences between control and treatment fish; dissolved cortisol declined after 120 h of starvation and HSP40 and HSP60 in muscle tissue increased significantly after 216 h. High variability in behaviors and HSP measurements was noted within all controls and treatments, suggesting that effects of treatments were experienced unequally by individuals within a treatment. Social stressors resulting from dominance hierarchies may play a critical role in modifying the effects of aquarium and aquaculture stressors on captive fish.
Received March 14, 2012; accepted November 4, 2012
Extracting 3D cell parameters from dense tissue environments: application to the development of the mouse heart
Authors: Pop Sorin , Dufour Alexandre C. , Le Garrec Jean-François , Ragni Chiara V. , Cimper Clémire , Meilhac Sigolène M. , Olivo-Marin Jean-Christophe 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Motivation: In developmental biology, quantitative tools to extract features from fluorescence microscopy images are becoming essential to characterize organ morphogenesis at the cellular level. However, automated image analysis in this context is a challenging task, owing to perturbations induced by the acquisition process, especially in organisms where the tissue is dense and opaque.
Results: We propose an automated framework for the segmentation of 3D microscopy images of highly cluttered environments such as developing tissues. The approach is based on a partial differential equation framework that jointly takes advantage of the nuclear and cellular membrane information to enable accurate extraction of nuclei and cells in dense tissues. This framework has been used to study the developing mouse heart, allowing the extraction of quantitative information such as the cell cycle duration; the method also provides qualitative information on cell division and cell polarity through the creation of 3D orientation maps that provide novel insight into tissue organization during organogenesis.
Availability: The proposed framework is free, open-source and available on the Icy platform (http://www.icy.bioimageanalysis.org/).
Contact: adufour@pasteur.fr or jcolivo@pasteur.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Characterization of Esophageal Motility Following Esophageal Atresia Repair Using High‐Resolution Esophageal Manometry
Authors: Lemoine Caroline , Aspirot Ann , Le Henaff Gaelle , Piloquet Hugues , Lévesque Dominique , Faure Christophe 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBackground:Esophageal dysmotility, a considerable issue following esophageal atresia (EA) repair, has been reported but has not been precisely described and characterized. Using high‐resolution esophageal manometry (HREM), we characterized the esophageal motility patterns in children with repaired EA and compared these patterns of dysmotility with symptomatology.Methods:HREM was performed as an outpatient procedure in patients with repaired EA. The tracings were analyzed using the software provided by the company and were then reviewed visually. Charts were reviewed for medical/surgical histories and symptoms were assessed by a standardized questionnaire.Results:Forty patients (25 boys, 15 girls) with a median age of 8 years (11 months–18 years) underwent an HREM. Thirty‐five patients had type C EA and 5 had type A EA. Only 7 patients were asymptomatic at the time of the examination. HREM results were abnormal in all of the patients. Three different esophageal motility patterns were derived from HREM tracing analysis: aperistalsis (15 patients, 38%), pressurization (6 patients, 15%), and distal contractions (19 patients, 47%). Distal contractions pattern was found exclusively in type C EA. Dysphagia was encountered in the 3 groups. Gastroesophageal reflux disease‐related symptoms predominated in the aperistalsis group.Conclusions:HREM improves our understanding and allows precise characterization of esophageal dysmotility in patients who have undergone EA repair.
Autologous Intestinal Reconstructive Surgery to Reduce Bowel Dilatation Improves Intestinal Adaptation in Children With Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Almond Sarah L. , Haveliwala Zeni , Khalil Basem , Morabito Antonino 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:Intestinal failure (IF) is a common consequence of neonatal small bowel pathology. In our experience, bowel dilatation is often responsible for the IF state in patients who fail to adapt despite adequate residual bowel length. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of surgery to reduce bowel dilatation, and thus favour PN independence, for these children.Methods:Data were collected prospectively for all of the patients referred to our unit for a 7‐year period (2004–2011). Eight patients (2 congenital atresia, 2 gastroschisis with atresia, 1 simple gastroschisis, 3 necrotising enterocolitis) with gut dilatation who failed adaptation despite a bowel length >40 cm were identified. Preoperatively, all patients were totally dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN). Patients were managed by longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring (n = 3), serial transverse enteroplasty (n = 2), or tapering enteroplasty (n = 3).Results:Median age at time of surgery was 273 days (103–1059). Mean gut length increased from 51 (35–75) to 73 cm (45–120) following surgery (P = 0.02). Incidence of sepsis (P = 0.01) and peak serum bilirubin levels (P = 0.005) were reduced postoperatively. PN was discontinued after a median of 110 days (35–537) for 7 patients; 1 patient remains on PN 497 days after surgery.Conclusions:These data indicate that reconstructive surgery to reduce bowel diameter may be an effective technique for treating IF in patients with short bowel syndrome, without sacrificing intestinal length. We suggest that this technique may reduce the need for bowel transplantation in this group of patients.
Role of angiotensin AT2 receptors in natriuresis: Intrarenal mechanisms and therapeutic potential
Authors: Carey Robert M , Padia Shetal H 
Published: January 2013

Summary

The renin–angiotensin system is a coordinated hormonal cascade critical for the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and kidney function. Angiotensin (Ang) II, the major angiotensin effector peptide, binds to two major receptors, namely AT1 and AT2 receptors. The AT1 receptors engender antinatriuresis and raise BP, whereas AT2 receptors oppose these effects, inducing natriuresis and reducing BP.

There is high AT2 receptor expression in the adult kidney, especially in the proximal tubule. In AT2 receptor‐null mice, long‐term AngII infusion results in pressor and antinatriuretic hypersensivivity compared with responses in wild‐type mice.

The major endogenous receptor ligand for AT2 receptor‐mediated natriuretic responses appears to be des‐aspartyl1‐AngII (AngIII) instead of AngII. Recent studies have demonstrated that AngII requires metabolism to AngIII by aminopeptidase A to induce natriuresis and that inhibition of aminopeptidase N increases intrarenal AngIII and augments AngIII‐induced natriuresis.

The renal dopaminergic system is another important natriuretic pathway. Renal proximal tubule the D1 and D5 receptor subtypes (D1‐like receptors (D1LIKER)) control approximately 50% of basal sodium excretion. Recently, we have found that natriuresis induced by proximal tubule D1LIKER requires AT2 receptor activation and that D1LIKER stimulation induces recruitment of AT2 receptors to the apical plasma membrane via a cAMP‐dependent mechanism.

Initial studies using the potent AT2 receptor non‐peptide agonist Compound 21 demonstrate natriuresis in both the presence and absence of AT1 receptor blockade, indicating the therapeutic potential of this compound in fluid‐retaining states and hypertension.
Potential Role of Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin in Identifying Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury Stage 2–3 Who Subsequently Require Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Tiranathanagul Khajohn , Amornsuntorn Sukgasem , Avihingsanon Yingyos , Srisawat Nattachai , Susantitaphong Paweena , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Tungsanga Kriang , Eiam‐Ong Somchai 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDelayed initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in critically ill acute kidney injury (AKI) patients results in high mortality while too early RRT causes unnecessary risks of the treatment. Current traditional indications cannot clearly identify the appropriate time for initiating RRT. This prospective cohort study was conducted to determine the accuracy of using plasma neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (pNGAL) and urine NGAL (uNGAL) in early identifying of the AKI patients who subsequently required RRT. Forty‐seven critically ill patients with AKI stage 2–3 who did not reach the traditional indications for RRT were enrolled in this study. The pNGAL, uNGAL, and other parameters were determined in each patient. The primary end point was RRT initiation according to the traditional indications within 3 days. The mean age of the patients was 63.0 ± 18.1 years. pNGAL could predict subsequent RRT requirements with area under ROC 0.813 (P < 0.001, 95%CI 0.66–0.90). The cut‐off point of 960 ng/mL provided sensitivity and specificity of 72.2 and 89.6%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values of 81.25% and 83.8%, respectively. The uNGAL provided slightly lower significance of statistical parameters. The combination of pNGAL level of 960 ng/mL and APACHE II score of 20 improved statistical values. In conclusion, pNGAL is an excellent early biomarker for RRT initiation in critically ill patients with AKI stage 2–3. The pNGAL value of 960 ng/mL, alone or in combination with APACHE II score might be used as the early new indicator for early initiation of RRT in AKI stage 2–3 and this might improve patient survival.
Estimated radiation dose and image quality comparison of the scan protocols in dual‐source computed tomography coronary angiography
Authors: Karaarslan Ercan , Ulus Sıla , Bavbek Cengiz 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionRadiation exposure from computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) is of particular concern and several techniques have been introduced to lower the radiation dose. In this study, we aimed to compare the diagnostic image quality and estimated radiation dose of the three CTCA acquisition protocols in a recently introduced second generation dual‐source computed tomography.MethodsTwo hundred consecutive subjects underwent dual‐source CTCA by using high‐pitch spiral, sequential and retrospective spiral protocols. Effective radiation dose, expressed in millisieverts, was calculated as the product of the dose‐length product times a conversion factor of 0.014. Image quality was evaluated on a per‐segment basis, with a four‐point scale.ResultsFor the high‐pitch spiral, sequential and retrospective spiral protocols, mean effective radiation doses were 1.41 ± 0.56, 5.50 ± 2.06 and 7.79 ± 2.25 mSv and mean per‐subject image scores were 2.8 ± 0.7, 2.2 ± 0.8 and 2.5 ± 0.8, respectively. Radiation dose of the high‐pitch mode was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the sequential and retrospective spiral modes, and statistical analysis for image quality revealed a significant difference between the high‐pitch spiral and the sequential modes (P < 0.05).ConclusionDual‐source CTCA using high‐pitch acquisition considerably lowers radiation exposure in subjects with a low and stable heart rate and maintains good image quality, especially when the subjects have a body mass index ≤25 and a tube voltage of 80 or 100 kV is used. However, when sequential and retrospective spiral modes are used in the same device, mean radiation doses can increase roughly three and five times more, respectively.
Biodiversity as a source for synthetic domestication of useful specific traits
Authors: Rech E.L. , Arber W. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPlant and animal domestication form the foundation of agriculture. Currently, there are considerable efforts and hypotheses to understand adaptation and regulatory processes involving domestication and biodiversity organisms. Here, we propose the use of recombinant DNA as a foundation for the synthetic domestication of biodiversity traits. For example, we commented on current studies involving synthetic spider‐like fibres production in bacteria and mimicking oil seed species in genetically manipulated soybean. We suggest that this approach constitutes a sustainable and viable option for conservation and development of value‐added processes and products from biodiversity.
Five‐year results of surgical colorectal cancer treatment in rural Australia
Authors: Wichmann Matthias W. , Beukes Eben , Esufali Shaukat T. , Plaumann Lutz , Maddern Guy 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of colorectal cancer in Australia is among the highest worldwide. We investigate whether similar treatment results for colorectal cancer can be achieved in rural surgery as reported from metropolitan centres.MethodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected follow‐up data in a rural surgical centre in South Australia has been carried out. Results of all patients undergoing surgical treatment for colorectal cancer are analysed, and all cancer stages and interventions over a 5‐year period are included.ResultsFive‐year survival of all patients (n = 194) treated for colorectal cancer independent of stage and cause of death was 56%, cancer‐specific 5‐year survival was 64%. Perioperative mortality was 1.7%. Overall survival was 96% in stage 1, 92% in stage 2, 58% in stage 3 and 0% for patients with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Cancer‐specific survival ranged from 100% in stage 1 to 0% for patients with metastatic disease.ConclusionsAssessment of overall and cancer‐specific survival of all patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer over a 5‐year time period in a rural South Australian centre shows that good long‐term results can be achieved with low perioperative mortality. These findings compare well with the results of other groups.