bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and molecular docking of purified polyphenol oxidase from rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
Authors: Ilesanmi Olutosin Samuel , Olagunju Victory Ayo , Adedugbe Omowumi Funke , Kayode Adedeji Benedict 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Polyphenol oxidase catalyzes oxidative conversion of polyphenols to their respective quinones. These have been exploited in various biotechnological processes. The kinetics and molecular docking interaction of turmeric PPO on some inhibitors are here described. The enzyme was purified using aqueous two-phase partitioning. The subunit and the native molecular masses of the purified turmeric PPO were 69 ± 2.0 kDa and 66.8 ± 3.5 kDa respectively, suggesting its monomeric nature. The Km and Vmax of the C. longa PPO for pyrogallol were 5.8 ± 0.6 mM and 722.9 ± 17.0 units/mg protein respectively leading to turnover number (kcat) and first order rate constant (kcat/Km) of 831.6 ± 5.0 s-1 and 1.43 × 105 s-1 M-1 respectively. The purified enzyme was activated at the lowest concentration in KCl and CuSO4, whereas was fairly stable in the presence of NaCl, ZnSO4 and NH4Cl. The inhibition constant (Ki) obtained from Dixon plot for ascorbic acid, β-mercaptoethanol, citric acid, cysteine, EDTA, glutathione and kojic acid were 7.8, 1.7, 5.5, 2.0, 8.1, 3.3 and 6.4 mM respectively. In-depth analyses, revealed that cysteine was the most potent of all the inhibitors investigated. The binding interaction of the purified enzyme with inhibitors revealed that EDTA, Kojic acid and Cysteine have 2 hydrogen bonds formed while citric acid, ascorbic acid and glutathione had 4, 5 and 3 respectively. In conclusion, the kinetics and inhibition studies of the purified turmeric PPO could be deployed in the control of browning and several industrial and biotechnological applications.
Anticancer potential of chalcones loaded on mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Authors: Sampaio Guilherme Jose Schwarzt , Romagna Rodrigo de Almeida , Santos Reginaldo Bezerra dos , Gonçalves Rita de Cássia Ribeiro , de Sousa Edésia Martins Barros , Andrade Gracielle Ferreira , Kitagawa Rodrigo Rezende 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The difficulty in treating cancer has led to several studies on the development of systems that perform targeted drug delivery, with the aim of increasing the effectiveness of treatment and reducing adverse effects. In this study, a series of chalcones were tested for cytotoxic action on gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7) using the MTT-tetrazolium method, and significant cytotoxicity was demonstrated for 3-hydroxychalcone (CHO). The synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and their surface modification with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) were carried out, and 3-hydroxychalcone was then incorporated into these nanomaterials. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis (CHN), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential and nitrogen adsorption. In addition, in vitro release tests were carried out to verify the release profile of 3-hydroxychalcone from mesoporous silica samples. The results obtained showed that the mesoporous silica nanoparticles exhibited a gradual and prolonged release profile. In the cytotoxicity test with silica samples incorporated with 3-hydroxychalcone, significant cytotoxic activity was observed against AGS and MCF-7 cells, with the MSN-CHO sample exhibiting a better cytotoxic effect (IC50 of 12.93 to 22.30 μM) than 3-hydroxychalcone (IC50 of 47.58 to 47.97 μM). The results showed that the nanoparticles positively influenced the interaction of 3-hydroxychalcone with tumor cells. This is therefore an unprecedented study on the incorporation of 3-hydroxychalcone into mesoporous silica nanoparticles and its promising results in terms of cytotoxic activity against breast and gastric cancer cells.
Research on fabrication technology of tungsten micro-hole with large aspect ratio based on micro-EDM
Authors: Liao Lu , Huang Teng , Zhang Yongbin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The typical characteristics of pinholes used for X-ray imaging are micro-diameter and large aspect ratio. Pure tungsten is generally used to prepare them, but tungsten is difficult to prepare using traditional methods due to its high hardness and strength. Although micro-EDM has certain advantages in machining micro-holes in difficult materials with large aspect ratio, the problem of debris accumulation makes solving the issue of micro-hole taper difficult. To manufacture micro-holes with large aspect ratio and aperture consistency, a new machining process was proposed by combining micro-EDM technology and welding technology. Two semi-circular groove workpieces with the same depth and width were machined using combined manufacturing technology and then welded together to obtain complete micro-holes. This combined manufacturing technology successfully processed pure tungsten material to achieve micro-holes with apertures of 171.45 µm and 174.58 µm and a length of 40mm.
Engineered Nano-Carriers for Stimuli Controlled Release of Micronutrient in Plants
Authors: Takkar Manpreet Kaur , Gumber Khushbu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Though metals are common components of the soil and readily available as nutrient for plants to be up-taken but still the crops commonly show symptoms of the micronutrient deficiency. This issue is attributed to the nonphyto-available form of the nutrients or loss of these micronutrients under variable environmental conditions. To sort out this problem, there is need of stimuli controlled micronutrient carrier for the plants that releases their nutrients in response to the certain stimuli.
Method
In the present research we have chosen the soil friendly nano-zeolite with chitosan coating for stimuli controlled release of the loaded micro-nutrients under variable environmental conditions. To analyze their efficacy, slow release experiment under different buffer conditions were carried out and to analyse the effect of micronutrient on response of the seeds, the germination studies were done in different soil pH conditions.
Results
The results indicated that the uptake proton signal from the roots acts as a stimulus to prevent the burst release from the carrier, the coating acts as a gate to maintain all the micronutrients in phyto-available forms and to open the pores.
Conclusion
The pH responsive chitosan and the porous nano-zeolite channel work together to create this phenomenon of good control over nutrient supply to plants.
Bayesian Optimization of 7-component (AlVCrFeCoNiMo) single crystal alloy’s compositional space to optimize elasto-plastic properties from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Kurunczi-Papp David , Laurson Lasse 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Exploring the vast compositional space of high-entropy alloys promises materials with superior mechanical properties much needed in industrial applications. We demonstrate on the 7-component alloy AlVCrFeCoNiMo system with randomly ordered atoms that this exploration of the compositional space can be accelerated by combining molecular dynamics simulations with Bayesian optimization. Our algorithm is tested on maximizing the shear modulus, resulting in pure Mo, an unsurprising result based on Mo’s large density. Maximizing the yield stress results in Co-, Cr- and Ni-based alloys with the optimal composition varying depending on the presence of defects within the crystal. Finally, we optimize the plastic behaviour by aiming for high stresses while minimizing the deformation fluctuations, and find that a predominantly NiMo alloy’s high lattice distortions
ensure a smooth stress response. The results suggest that mechanical properties of 2- to 4-component alloys with optimized composition may be superior to those of equiatomic high-entropy alloys without short-range order.
Mineralogy, Petrogenesis and SIMS SHRIMP U-Pb Age PGE-Cu-Ni Deposit of the “Ore Horizon 330” of the Sopcha Intrusion in the Paleoproterosoic Monchegorsk Pluton, Kola Region, Russia
Authors: Chashchin Victor V. , Savchenko Yevgeny E. , Sergeev Sergey A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The “Ore Horizon 330” deposit (or OH330) is located among the orthopyroxenite of the Sopcha intrusion of the Paleoproterozoic layered Monchegorsk pluton (or Monchepluton) in the Kola Region. It is a sill-like body with a length of 3300 m, width of 1200 m, and thickness of 4‒6 m. OH330 was studied in two sections of its north-western part with a thickness of 5.2 and 5.5 m. There, it consists of regularly alternating interlayers (from bottom to top) of dunite, harzburgite, and orthopyroxenite. Olivine (Fo87–84) and orthopyroxene (En84–83) in the OH330 rocks were depleted in Ni compared to the Monchepluton rocks and were similar in Mn content. The total rare earth element (REEtot) content did not exceed 1 ppm in dunite and harzburgite, with an average value of 3.15 ppm in orthopyroxenite. LREE fractioning is typical of all OH330 rocks, with the (Ce/Sm)N values of 1.21 ppm in dunite, 1.69 ppm in harzburgite, and 1.81 ppm in orthopyroxenite on average. The trace element distribution in dunite and harzburgite is characterized by U, Ta, and Sr positive anomalies, whereas orthopyroxenite exhibits Nb and Ta negative anomalies, in addition to positive U anomalies. The geochemical features of the OH330 rocks were determined by fractional crystallization and crustal contamination of the parental magma. The liquidus temperatures of dunite and harzburgite magmatic crystallization were determined using the olivine-melt thermometer, with values of 1600‒1470°C. This is due to the genetic link between the OH330 parental melt and the mantle diapir. The orthopyroxene-melt equilibrium temperatures the OH330 rocks were 1290‒1120°C. The calculated pressure values for the OH330 rocks varried from 1 to 6 kbar, with an average value of 3.5 ± 1.5 kbar. The SIMS SHRIMP U-Pb magmatic zircon age of the OH330 orthopyroxenite is 2492.5 ± 4.1 Ma, indicating that the OH330 is younger than the age of the marginal zone of the Monchepluton ultramafic subchamber. A concordant U-Pb age of 2818.0 ± 3.1 Ma was obtained from the xenocryst zircon population, which corresponds to the age of the Archean granitoid basement rocks.
The summary and preliminary analysis of clinical and PET/CT features of patients with intestinal metastasis of primary lung cancer
Authors: Li Ruping , Mo Yiwen , Zhou Si , Ma Xing , Zhang Fuqiang , Ding Xianmin , Zhang Yingying , Ding Ying , Li Wenliang , Hui Yang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to analyze the influence of clinical manifestation, PET/CT parameters, and treatment on the prognosis of patients with primary lung cancer who developed intestinal metastasis.
Method
We collected data from 21 cases of primary lung cancer with intestinal metastasis. The data included basic information, examination results, treatment processes, and prognosis. We employed Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis, multivariate Cox regression analysis, and t-test for prognosis analysis.
Results
Intestinal obstruction and advanced stage were associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.017 and 0.038, respectively). Smoking, intestinal obstruction, and the lack of chemotherapy were associated with worse overall survival (OS) (P = 0.043, 0.021, 0.013, respectively). Anti-PD-1 therapy (P = 0.006) and pneumonectomy (P = 0.007) improved patient outcomes. The immunohistochemical results showed no correlation between these markers and prognosis (P > 0.05). The mean SUVmax of intestinal metastases (10.23 ± 3.59) was higher than that of primary lung cancer (7.57 ± 3.42), and the former was also higher than the latter in both death and survival groups. There was no significant correlation between PET parameters (SUVmax, TLG, MTV) and prognosis (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Smoking, intestinal obstruction, advanced stage, and lack of chemotherapy were risk factors for poor outcomes in primary lung cancer with intestinal metastasis. Patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy and pneumonectomy tended to have better outcomes. The mean SUVmax of intestinal metastases was higher than that of primary lung cancer.
Efficient Spatio-Temporal Network for Action Recognition
Authors: Su Yanxiong , Zhao Qian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The input tensor of video data includes temporal, spatial, and channel dimensions, crucial for extracting complementary spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal features for video action recognition. To efficiently extract and integrate these features, we propose an Efficient Spatio-Temporal Module (ESTM) with three pathways dedicated to extracting spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal features. Each pathway uses the Cross Global Average Pooling (CGAP) module to compress the current dimension, focusing features on the remaining two dimensions. This enhances feature extraction and recognition rates for complex actions. We also introduce a Motion Excitation Module (MEM) to enrich input features by transforming correlations between adjacent frames, reducing computational complexity. Finally, ESTM and MEM are seamlessly integrated into a 2D CNN, forming the Efficient Spatio-Temporal Network (ESTN), with minimal impact on network parameters and computational costs. Extensive experiments show that ESTN outperforms state-of-the-art methods on datasets like Something V1 & V2 and HMDB51, validating its effectiveness.
Differential Neural Activity Predicts the Long-term Stability of the Effects of Positive and Negative Expectations on Pain
Authors: Wolf Maren-Isabel , Wittkamp Christoph Arne , Rose Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Expectations modulating pain perception is a well-researched phenomenon, but less is known about the persistence of expectation effects over longer time courses. In this preregistered study, we examined the persistence of positive (placebo) and negative (nocebo) expectation effects over one week and investigated whether neural activity on day 1 (fMRI) can predict the stability of these effects one week later (n = 41). We further tested whether expectations were reflected in EEG oscillatory activity. Both positive and negative expectations persisted over the tested time-period and did not undergo extinction. Expectations of higher pain led to larger theta-to-alpha EEG activity. Most interestingly, differential neural activity was predictive for persistent positive and negative expectations. Individual differences in the persistence of positive expectation effects were predicted by reduced amygdala activity and enhanced activity in the anterior insula and in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the first session, while the persistence of negative expectation effects was predicted by enhanced activity in the thalamus. Our findings indicate that placebo and nocebo effects are relatively stable over longer time courses, but this persistence is based on different neural areas for positive and negative expectations within larger neural networks that are observed during the actual processing.
Validation of the capnodynamic method to calculate mixed venous oxygen saturation in postoperative cardiac patients
Authors: Wallin Mats , Hallback Magnus , Iftikhar Hareem , Keleher Elise , Aneman Anders 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background.
Cardiac output and mixed venous oxygen saturation are key variables in monitoring adequate oxygen delivery and have typically been measured using pulmonary artery catheterisation. The capnodynamic method measures effective pulmonary blood flow utilising carbon dioxide kinetics in ventilated patients. Combined with breath-by-breath measurements of carbon dioxide elimination, a non-invasive approximation of mixed venous oxygen saturation can be calculated.
Methods.
This study primarily investigated the agreement between mixed venous oxygen saturation calculated using the capnodynamic method and blood gas analysis of mixed venous blood sampled via a pulmonary artery catheter in 47 postoperative cardiac patients. Both measurements were synchronised and performed during alveolar recruitment by stepwise changes to the level of positive end-expiratory pressure. Simultaneously, we studied the agreement between effective pulmonary blood flow and thermodilution cardiac output. The Bland-Altman method for repeated measurements and calculation of percentage error were used to examine agreement. Measurements before and after alveolar recruitment were analysed by a paired t-test.
Results.
Capnodynamic calculation of mixed venous saturation compared to blood gas analysis showed a bias of -0.02 [95%CI -0.96–0.91] % and limits of agreement at 8.8 [95%CI 7.7 − 10] % and − 8.9 [95%CI -10 – -7.8] %. The percentage error was < 20%. The effective pulmonary blood flow compared to thermodilution showed a bias of -0.41 [95%CI -0.55 – -0.28] l.min− 1 and limits of agreement at 0.56 [95%CI 0.41–0.75] l.min− 1 and − 1.38 [95%CI -1.57 – -1.24] l.min− 1. The percentage error was < 30%. Only effective pulmonary blood flow increased by 0.38 [95%CI 0.20–0.56] l.min− 1 (p < 0.01) after alveolar recruitment.
Conclusions.
The excellent agreement between mixed venous oxygen saturation calculated by the capnodynamic method and pulmonary arterial blood gas analysis supports the methods as interchangeable. The effective pulmonary blood flow correlated with thermodilution cardiac output, while influenced by pulmonary shunt flow.
A novel approach of IORT: Efficacy and Safety of Intraoperative Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Laryngocarcinoma
Authors: Wu Qiong , Liu Qingfeng , Wang Yuqian , Zheng Yongzhe , Wang Xuemin , Peng Xin , Wang Xinrui , Wei Xianfeng , Zhang Shengchi , Qiao Jie , Yang Yining , Li Li 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT), as a short- range irradiation mode, has been increasingly used in surgery in head and neck cancer. IORT can achieve and improve local control by directly irradiating the tumor bed after surgery. However, there are few clinical reports on the efficacy and safety of IORT in the treatment of locally advanced laryngocarcinoma (LAL).
Methods: This is a prospective clinical study in which a total of 63 LAL patients were selected and received IORT (DT 8-15 Gy) during radical surgery. In order to record postoperative complications and adverse reactions after radiotherapy, a regular follow-up was conducted after completion of IORT. The local control (LC) and 2-year survival rate were analyzed.
Results: In the 63 patients in this study, 2-year LC rate was 93.1 % and 1-year LC rate was 98.2 %. After surgery combined with IORT, serious postoperative complications occurred, including pharyngeal fistula in 1 patient (1. 6 %) and wound infection in 3 patients (4.8%).
Conclusion: IORT can improve the LC rate in LAL patients, and is a safe and effective treatment method.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04278638. Registered 18 February 2020 - prospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04278638.
Innovative Optimization of Microgrid Configuration for Sustainable, Reliable and Economical Energy
Authors: Usman Habib Muhammad , Sharma Nirma Kumari , Joshi Deepak Kumar , Kaushik Aditya , Saminu Sani 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Mewar University grapples with exorbitant energy costs of approximately $1kWh, unreliable power supply, and a significant reliance on diesel engines and the grid. This dependency not only escalates energy expenses but also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating climate change, global warming, and environmental pollution. To mitigate these issues, this study proposes an optimized microgrid design integrating PV solar panels, wind turbines, diesel generators, and grid connectivity, utilizing HOMER software for optimization. The software identified multiple configurations, with the optimal design meeting an energy demand of 20,077,351 kWh/year through a combination of solar PV (288,947,670 kWh annually), wind turbines (36,825,618 kWh annually), and minimal reliance on diesel generators. The system would purchase 3,827,194 kWh annually from the grid during low renewable output periods and sell 167,761,193 kWh annually during surplus production. This design achieves a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.00146/kWh and a return on investment (ROI) of 10.1%, with total component expenditure of $16,207,384, covering capital investments, operations and maintenance (O&M), and fuel costs. Solar photovoltaics contributes 83% of the annual production, with the remaining 17% from the grid and wind turbines, establishing the system as cost-effective and environmentally friendly due to its heavy reliance on renewable energy sources (RES). Comprehensive feasibility, technical, economic and sensitivity analyses confirm the viability of implementing this proposed system. Ultimately, the proposed microgrid design promises a sustainable, economical, and reliable energy solution for the University.
Improved YOLOv7-Based Algorithm for Detecting Defect on Steel Surface
Authors: Hu Cong , Gong Danni , Zhou Tian , Huang Tianhao , Huang Xijun , Wan Chunting 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Steel in the production and processing process is easily affected by raw materials and processing environment, resulting in surface defects, affecting its corrosion resistance and service life. In addition, the defect detection model based on deep learning is relatively large, and it is difficult to meet the demand for real-time steel surface defect detection tasks. To address the above problems, this paper proposes an improved model YOLOv7-Lig based on the YOLOv7-tiny model. by introducing the CBAM attention mechanism, as well as using the Wise-IoU loss function to replace the original CIoU loss function, the network model is enhanced to pay attention to the key features of the input data, so that it can accurately capture the true boundary of the target, effectively reduces the problem of inadequate feature extraction. The CSP-Faster module is introduced in the BACKBONE, which reduces the number of parameters of the net work model and helps the network model to be deployed in resource-constrained environments. Then the CARAFE upsampling operator is introduced at the head, which effectively aggregates the context information and improves the accuracy of the upsampling. The YOLOv7-Lig model achieves a mAP of 85.1% and a detection speed of 82FPS, which proves that the model can improve the accuracy and detection speed of the model while reducing the number of parameters.
A lightweight 1D-CNN-GRU model for epileptic seizure prediction
Authors: He Chunlei , Ma Peijun , Shi Jiangyi , Qu Chenxin , Wang Qingrong , Yao Cong , Hao Yue 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Seizure prediction for patients with refractory epilepsy can alert patients to interventions and prevent many serious consequences. Aiming at the problem that most of the current epilepsy prediction algorithms are not suitable for hardware implementation into low-latency and low-power wearable or portable medical devices because of their high complexity and large number of parameters, this paper proposes a lightweight and hardware-friendly deep learning network, 1D-CNN-GRU model. The raw EEG data can be fed into the network for automatic feature extraction and classification after simple filtering and normalization. After fixed-point quantization and compression, the overall size of the model is only 6.955 KB. The proposed method has been evaluated on 23 samples from the scalp-EEG based CHB-MIT dataset provided by the Boston Children's Hospital-MIT. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can achieve an average sensitivity of 94.63% and accuracy of 93.45% in the binary classification task of the pre-seizure 30 min signal and inter-seizure signal, and its lightweight feature fulfills the requirements for hardware implementation as a low-power, wearable epilepsy prediction medical device.