bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From exhaustion to exhilaration: assessing librarian job satisfaction with virtual reference
Authors: Hendricks Arthur , Buchanan Sherry 
Published: February 2013

PurposeLibrarians respond to staffing L‐net, Oregon's statewide reference chat service, in different ways. The aim of this paper is to create a survey to look for ways to improve the statewide service and improve the experience of chat librarians (as well as patrons).Design/methodology/approachThe authors surveyed L‐net librarians to learn their thoughts and satisfaction with answering L‐net chat questions. They collected anonymous survey data via PSU's web survey software (Qualtrics). The survey instrument was a mixture of qualitative and quantitative questions. The survey consisted of 29 questions.FindingsWhile the literature has many articles regarding patron satisfaction with chat reference, there is a dearth of articles regarding librarian satisfaction with chat. It was found that nearly a quarter of librarians said they did not answering chat questions on L‐net. A total of 76 percent indicated they had received written abuse. Swearing was the number one complaint at 28 percent, followed by sexual comments and rude remarks, which tied at 17 percent. One obvious problem seems to be the anonymity of the service and the way chat can serve as an outlet for youth learning boundaries.Originality/valueWhile many studies have been done on patron satisfaction, few have studied librarian satisfaction in staffing virtual reference.
Comparison between Chinese and English electronic resources
Authors: Zha Xianjin , Li Jing , Yan Yalan 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine and compare Chinese electronic resources and English electronic resources in terms of ease of use, usefulness and usage in the context of a Chinese university library, so as to facilitate the effective use of English electronic resources in China.Design/methodology/approachData collection was conducted through a large scale survey. A total of 378 valid data coming from the users of a Chinese university library were used for data analysis.FindingsThere are more users in Chinese university library who perceived that Chinese electronic resources are both easy to use and useful while English electronic resources are neither easy to use nor useful. Meanwhile, there are more users who used Chinese electronic resources more frequently while used English electronic resources less frequently.Practical implicationsThis study could advance our knowledge about the current status of the use of Chinese electronic resources and English electronic resources as well as the digital divide at the second‐level and the third‐level, facilitating the effective use of English electronic resources.Originality/valueBuilding on three levels of the digital divide, this study examines and compares Chinese electronic resources and English electronic resources in terms of ease of use, usefulness and usage in the context of Chinese university library, providing a new view for library electronic resources management research and practice alike.
Template‐based framework for nasal prosthesis fabrication
Authors: Sun Jin , Chen Xiaobo , Liao Haihong , Xi Juntong 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a template‐based framework for nasal prosthesis fabrication using a 3D areal scanner and a CT scanner.Design/methodology/approachUse of a self‐designed 3D areal scanner enables acquisition of accurate data describing the patient's face. Patients with nasal defects have no organization for reference, but the template‐based model construction method can ensure successful building of the outer surface of the nasal prosthesis. Since the areal scanner has some difficulties acquiring data for concave areas, preoperative CT data are used to provide concave information, enabling construction of the inner surface for the nasal prosthesis. The combined inner and outer surfaces are used to generate the completed nasal prosthesis.FindingsThe results showed that the nasal prosthesis fits the patient's appearance well. Clinical applications confirmed that this framework is attractive and has the potential desired nasal prosthesis in daily clinical practice.Practical implicationsThe results of this study improve the fabrication accuracy of nasal prostheses. The construction and development technique employs a nasal digital library, 3D areal scanning data and CT scanning data. This technique facilitates fabrication of precise nasal prostheses while helping the patients predict the effect before the prosthesis is manufactured.Originality/valueThis template‐based framework has strong potential for clinical applications because of its advantages over other methods in terms of accuracy, speed, safety, and cost.
A study on time dependent properties of aluminum alloy by nanoindentation technique
Authors: Charitidis Costas A. , Dragatogiannis Dimitrios A. , Koumoulos Elias P. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeLightweight alloys are of major concern, due to their applicability, in transport and industry applications. The purpose of this paper is to perform a comprehensive analysis of time dependent properties of aluminum alloy by nanoindentation technique, through investigation of creep behavior. Additionally, possible explanations on the time dependent behavior and the influence of the hold period at maximum load and the loading rate on the elastic modulus and hardness results are also analyzed and discussed.Design/methodology/approachIn this work, a comprehensive analysis of time dependent properties of aluminum alloy by nanoindentation technique was performed, by varying the loading rate, the maximum applied load and the loading time. The stress exponent values are derived from the displacement‐holding time curves. The present experimental setup includes three different approaches: variation of loading rate, maximum applied load and loading time. The creep deformation mechanisms of the alloy, which are dependent on experiment setup, are discussed and the characteristic “elbow” behavior in the unloading part of the curves is also reported.FindingsThe authors found that the stress exponent values obtained are dependent on the applied peak loads and indentation loading rates. Nanoindentation creep testing of aluminum AA6082‐T6 revealed significant creep displacements, where the strain rate reached a steady state after a certain time and the stress decreased with time as the displacement increased during the creep process. The slopes of strain rate versus stress curves (exponent of power‐law creep) for different maximum loads and various holding times, were investigated.Originality/valueThe stress exponent of the constant‐load indentation creep, in all three types of experiments, was found to reduce at low load region. In case of different holding load and time, the stress exponent increased almost linearly and increased very rapidly as the indent size increased, exhibiting an intense size effect.
Creating a disaster resilient built environment in urban cities
Authors: Malalgoda Chamindi , Amaratunga Dilanthi , Haigh Richard 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role and challenges for Sri Lankan local governments in creating a disaster resilient built environment within urban Sri Lankan cities.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a literature review and a case study conducted in the Batticaloa city of Sri Lanka, supported by expert interviews among local and other government officials, policy makers, practitioners and academics who are engaged in disaster management and urban planning within the country.FindingsThe literature and empirical data reveal that local governments are facing a number of challenges in contributing to making cities resilient to disasters. Some of the issues that have emerged are inadequate financial and human resource capabilities; a lack of knowledge of disaster risks and vulnerabilities; the need for long‐term political commitment; a lack of focus on pre‐disaster planning; inadequate legislative authority; a lack of clear cut responsibilities and coordination among agencies; and a lack of involvement in major development activities, physical planning and regulation of land use. It is important to address these challenges faced by local governments in creating a disaster resilient built environment in a holistic manner to ensure effective disaster risk reduction within cities.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is based on partial findings of research which aims to explore and propose mechanisms to empower the Sri Lankan local governments to make cities more resilient to disasters, within the context of the built environment.Originality/valueThe paper identifies the weaknesses of the current institutional arrangements in place for creating a disaster resilient built environment in Sri Lanka and highlights the challenges faced by a local government in creating a disaster resilient built environment within a Sri Lankan city.
A Novel Bayesian Semiparametric Algorithm for Inferring Population Structure and Adjusting for Case‐Control Association Tests
Authors: Majumdar Arunabha , Bhattacharya Sourabh , Basu Analabha , Ghosh Saurabh 
Published: February 2013

SummaryWhile the population‐based case‐control approach is the popular study design for association mapping of complex genetic traits because of ease of data collection and statistical analyses, it suffers from the inherent problem of population stratification. There have been methodological developments for adjusting these studies for population substructure, but efficient estimation of the number of subpopulations (K), which has evolutionary significance, remains a statistical challenge. In this article, we propose a Bayesian semiparametric approach to estimate population substructure under the assumption that K is random. Using extensive simulations, we find that our proposed method is not only computationally much faster than an existing Bayesian approach Structure, but also estimates the number of subpopulations more accurately, and thus, yields more power in detecting association in case‐control studies.
The Global War on Terror and Automatic License Plate Recognition
Authors: Cousineau Matt 
Published: February 2013

En sciences sociales un produit un vaste corpus de recherche concernant la pratique et la politique des Systèmes de Surveillance en Circuit Fermé (CCTV). La recherche a cependant négligé les CCTV automatisés et informatisés. Je m'adresse à ces formes de culture de la surveillance au moyen d'un point de vue institutionnel d'explorer ce qui a été appelé de reconnaissance automatique des plaques d'immatriculation (ALPR). En retraçant la manière dont les plans d'un système de surveillance Warzone sont utilisés comme une ressource dans les pratiques policières américaines, je trouve qu'ils ont tous deux impliquent un positionnement géo‐des véhicules, l'analyse de l'apparence des véhicules, et en minimisant le travail de l'analyse des plaques d'immatriculation. Je montre comment ces liens sont obscurcies, puis terminera par une discussion de trois implications de ce point de vue institutionnel sur ALPR.Social science has produced a fine body of research on the practices and politics of closed‐circuit television (CCTV) surveillance. Automated CCTV systems, however, have been neglected. I address these growing forms of surveillance through an institutional perspective to explore what has been called Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR). By tracing how plans for a war‐zone surveillance system are used as a resource in American policing practices, I find that they both involve a geo‐positioning of vehicles, analyzing the appearance of vehicles, and minimizing the labor of analyzing license plates. I show how these links are obscured, and then conclude with a discussion of three implications of this institutional perspective on ALPR.
Clinical usefulness of non‐protein respiratory quotient measurement in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Korenaga Keiko , Korenaga Masaaki , Teramoto Fusako , Suzuki Toshiko , Nishina Sohji , Sasaki Kyo , Nakashima Yoshihiro , Tomiyama Yasuyuki , Yoshioka Naoko , Hara Yuichi , Moriya Takuya , Hino Keisuke 
Published: February 2013

AimLittle is known about the effects of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on energy metabolism, although this disease is associated with metabolic syndrome. We measured non‐protein respiratory quotient (npRQ) using indirect calorimetry, which reflects glucose oxidation, and compared this value with histological disease severity in NAFLD patients.MethodsSubjects were 32 patients who were diagnosed with NAFLD histopathologically. Subjects underwent body composition analysis and indirect calorimetry, and npRQ was calculated. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and plasma glucose area under the curve (AUC glucose) was calculated.ResultsThere were no differences in body mass index, body fat percentage or visceral fat area among fibrosis stage groups. As fibrosis progressed, npRQ significantly decreased (stage 0, 0.895 ± 0.068; stage 1, 0.869 ± 0.067; stage 2, 0.808 ± 0.046; stage 3, 0.798 ± 0.026; P < 0.005). Glucose intolerance worsened and insulin resistance increased with fibrosis stage. npRQ was negatively correlated with AUC glucose (R = −0.6308, P < 0.001), Homeostasis Model of Assessment – Insulin Resistance (R = −0.5045, P < 0.005), fasting glucose (R = −0.4585, P < 0.01) and insulin levels (R = −0.4431, P < 0.05), suggesting that decreased npRQ may reflect impaired glucose tolerance due to insulin resistance, which was associated with fibrosis progression. Estimation of fibrosis stage using npRQ was as accurate as several previously established scoring systems using receiver–operator curve analysis.ConclusionnpRQ was significantly decreased in patients with advanced NAFLD. Our data suggest that measurement of npRQ is useful for the estimation of disease severity in NAFLD patients.
Low‐Temperature Sintered NTC Thermistor Ceramics for Thick‐Film Temperature Sensors
Authors: Reimann Timmy , Töpfer Jörg , Barth Stefan , Bartsch Heike , Müller Jens 
Published: February 2013

Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor thick films were fabricated by screen printing on alumina substrates and firing at 900°C. Spinel‐type NiMn2O4 exhibits limited stability in air between 730 and 970°C only and interacts with the Bi2O3 additive. The Zn–Co‐substituted spinel Zn0.75Ni0.5Co0.5Mn1.25O4 with 3 wt% additive shows complete densification at 900°C; no interaction between spinel and additive was observed. Alternatively, a Cu–Zn–Co‐substituted Cu0.37Zn0.52Ni0.44Co0.44Mn1.23O4 spinel with excellent sintering characteristics even without sintering additive was investigated. The thermistor films display a sheet resistance of about 300 kΩ/□ and B = 3300 K. The firing behavior, microstructure formation, and electrical properties of NTC thick films are reported.
The Emergence and Stability of the Attentional Bias to Fearful Faces in Infancy
Authors: Peltola Mikko J. , Hietanen Jari K. , Forssman Linda , Leppänen Jukka M. 
Published: February 2013

Several studies have shown that at 7 months of age, infants display an attentional bias toward fearful facial expressions. In this study, we analyzed visual attention and heart rate data from a cross‐sectional study with 5‐, 7‐, 9‐, and 11‐month‐old infants (Experiment 1) and visual attention from a longitudinal study with 5‐ and 7‐month‐old infants (Experiment 2) to examine the emergence and stability of the attentional bias to fearful facial expressions. In both experiments, the attentional bias to fearful faces appeared to emerge between 5 and 7 months of age: 5‐month‐olds did not show a difference in disengaging attention from fearful and nonfearful faces, whereas 7‐ and 9‐month‐old infants had a lower probability of disengaging attention from fearful than nonfearful faces. Across the age groups, heart rate (HR) data (Experiment 1) showed a more pronounced and longer‐lasting HR deceleration to fearful than nonfearful expressions. The results are discussed in relation to the development of the perception and experience of fear and the interaction between emotional and attentional processes.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of archival tissue reveals the origin of a disjunct southern African–Palaearctic weevil radiation
Authors: Hernández‐Vera Gerardo , Caldara Roberto , Toševski Ivo , Emerson Brent C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimWe test three alternative hypotheses for the disjunct Mediterranean–southern African distribution of endophagous weevils within the genera Rhinusa and Gymnetron (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): (1) a Palaearctic origin with dispersal to southern Africa; (2) a southern African origin with dispersal to the Palaearctic; and (3) a widespread ancestral distribution fragmented by vicariance. Divergence times are estimated to provide an approximate temporal framework for the evolution of the group and to evaluate potential palaeogeographical scenarios.LocationSouthern Africa, the Mediterranean region, the Palaearctic and eastern Africa.MethodsFreshly collected and dry, pinned samples of weevils were used as a source of DNA. Prior genetic information was used to identify short phylogenetically informative amplicons within the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S). Phylogenetic reconstructions using Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data and molecular dating techniques were used to infer the biogeographical history of Rhinusa and Gymnetron species. A statistical approach to dispersal–vicariance analysis (s‐diva) was used to further assess biogeographical hypotheses.ResultsSuccessful polymerase chain reaction amplification of targeted short 16S DNA sequences (150 bp) from dry, pinned specimens provided for increased species sampling of Rhinusa and Gymnetron by 230%, greatly expanding species representation from southern Africa. Phylogenetic reconstructions and s‐diva analyses support a southern African origin for Rhinusa and Gymnetron species. Divergence time estimates suggest southern African and Palaearctic lineages diverged c. 11.6–7.4 Ma.Main conclusionsRhinusa and Gymnetron represent a complex of lineages with a shared evolutionary history of range expansions from southern Africa into the Palaearctic. Our results support a late Miocene vicariance scenario, most likely as a result of repeated desertification. The use of prior genetic information to identify short phylogenetically informative amplicons offers a useful approach for molecular phylogenetic analyses incorporating archival material.
Changing epidemiology of food bolus impaction: Is eosinophilic esophagitis to blame?
Authors: Mahesh Venkat N , Holloway Richard H , Nguyen Nam Quoc 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and AimData on the relationship between epidemiological changes in food bolus impaction (FBI) and its relationship to eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the prevalence and etiology of FBI at the Royal Adelaide Hospital over 15 years.MethodsDetails of all patients who presented with FBI to Royal Adelaide Hospital (1996–2010) were reviewed from a prospective database. Detailed endoscopic and histological findings were examined for patients admitted under the Gastroenterology team.ResultsFrom 1996–2010, 539 patients were admitted. Prevalence of FBI increased overtime, with a male preponderance. The age at presentation was significantly lower in 2006–2010 (56.2 ± 1.6 years) compared with 2001–2005 (61.6 ± 1.9 years, P = 0.03). There was a reduction in the proportion of patients with peptic‐related stricture (from 75% [1996–2000] to 41% [2006–2010] [P < 0.001]) and an increase in the prevalence of EoE (from 0% [1996–2000] to 35% [2006–2010], P < 0.001). The proportion of patients who had esophageal biopsies taken at the index endoscopy also increased (8% [1996–2000] vs 28% [2001–2005] and 61% [2006–2010], P < 0.01). There were no significant changes in rate of malignancy or post‐surgical strictures. Endoscopic removal of food bolus was required in 86% of cases and, of these, 98% were successful with no complication or death.ConclusionsThe prevalence of FBI has increased over the last 15 years. This was associated with an increased prevalence of EoE and a reduction in age of presentation and peptic‐related strictures. These findings suggest that EoE is an important cause of FBI and that esophageal mucosal biopsy should be performed in all cases of FBI.
Steroid permeation into the artificial ulcer by combined steroid gel application and balloon dilatation: Prevention of esophageal stricture
Authors: Mori Hirohito , Rafiq Kazi , Kobara Hideki , Fujihara Shintaro , Nishiyama Noriko , Oryuu Makoto , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Masaki Tsutomu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and AimLocal steroid injection therapy is effective for preventing esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) but is associated with the risk of puncture‐related complications, such as bleeding. We evaluated the effectiveness of the application of triamcinolone acetonide gel following permeation into a large artificial ESD ulcer by balloon dilatation compared with steroid injection.MethodsForty‐three patients who underwent ESD for early esophageal cancer approved by the institutional ethics committee and provided consent to participate in this prospective study were divided into two groups using a sealed‐envelope randomization method as follows: 23 patients who were treated with local steroid injection and balloon dilatation and 20 patients were treated with steroid application and balloon dilatation. The stricture rate, the number of endoscopic balloon dilatation, and the mean procedure time on postoperative days (PODs) 5, 8, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 60 were analyzed.ResultsNo significant difference was found in the stricture rate on PODs 5, 8, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 60 between the two groups. The mean number of endoscopic balloon dilatation procedures performed for treating dysphagia that appeared on or after POD 30 was significantly different between groups (P = 0.011). The mean procedure time showed no significant difference. Procedure‐related bleeding during the first 30 days was observed more in the local steroid injection group than the gel application group (P = 0.02).ConclusionsSteroid gel application is an effective way for preventing esophageal stricture after ESD and is more effective compared with local injection in terms of prevention of stricture.