bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection from hypertension in mice by the Mediterranean diet is mediated by nitro fatty acid inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase
Authors: Charles Rebecca L. , Rudyk Olena , Prysyazhna Oleksandra , Kamynina Alisa , Yang Jun , Morisseau Christophe , Hammock Bruce D. , Freeman Bruce A. , Eaton Philip 
Published: May 2014

Significance
The Mediterranean diet is characterized by consumption of unsaturated fats with vegetables rich in nitrite and nitrate, resulting in endogenous formation of nitro fatty acids. These reactive lipids adduct to soluble epoxide hydrolase, inhibiting it to lower blood pressure. Mice genetically engineered to be resistant to this adductive inhibition had high blood pressure basally and their hydrolase activity was fully resistant to inhibition by nitro fatty acid supplied directly or generated via the Mediterranean diet. Similarly nitro fatty acid lowered blood pressure and abrogated cardiac hypertrophy in a hypertension model in wild-type mice, but was ineffective in mutant mice. Thus, protection from hypertension afforded by the Mediterranean diet is mediated by nitro-fatty acid-dependent inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase.
Antagonistic actions of Rcor proteins regulate LSD1 activity and cellular differentiation
Authors: Upadhyay Ghanshyam , Chowdhury Asif H. , Vaidyanathan Bharat , Kim David , Saleque Shireen 
Published: May 2014

Significance
This work illustrates the dual regulation of the potent and widely expressed demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) by the antagonistic actions of stimulatory and inhibitory Rcor factors and their consequences on hematopoietic differentiation. Given the crucial role of LSD1 in diverse developmental contexts, including ES cells, multiple mammalian tissues, and oncogenesis, these results could potentially reflect the function of LSD1 and Rcor1-3 in multiple normal and aberrant developmental contexts. Moreover, these insights could be used to develop targeted strategies for controlling LSD1 activity in different diseases.
Effect of the Spanish Conquest on coastal change in Northwestern Peru
Authors: Belknap Daniel F. , Sandweiss Daniel H. 
Published: May 2014

SignificanceCulture contact can lead to unexpected consequences. The population of Peru dropped precipitously after the Spanish Conquest, changing the patterns and intensity of economic activities. In northern Peru, such changes affected the evolution of beach ridges (narrow sand dunes many kilometers long, parallel to the shoreline) north of the Chira River. A similar hiatus in beach ridge formation about 2,800 y ago correlates with increased El Niño frequency, and possibly a local decline in population at that time. This study illustrates the value of comparing historic, archaeological, climatic, and geological data to understand change in coupled natural and human systems.
Mechanism for neutralizing activity by the anti-CMV gH/gL monoclonal antibody MSL-109
Authors: Fouts Ashley E. , Comps-Agrar Laëtitia , Stengel Katharina F. , Ellerman Diego , Schoeffler Allyn J. , Warming Søren , Eaton Dan L. , Feierbach Becket 
Published: May 2014

Significance
The CMV glycoprotein (g) entry complex gH/gL is a significant target of the human immune system, eliciting production of highly neutralizing antibodies. MSL-109, a monoclonal antibody that binds to gH, potently neutralizes CMV entry. Here, viral mutants resistant to MSL-109 were generated and the epitope mapped on the model of the structure of CMV gH. We have used a cell-surface fluorescence assay to reveal novel interactions among CMV glycoproteins and probe the effect of MSL-109 on glycoprotein interactions. Our data confirm cross-talk between gH/gL and gB, the fusion protein. Moreover, we identify a homophilic interaction between gH/gL heterodimers that is perturbed by MSL-109. This study suggests a novel mechanism of neutralization, and highlights potential strategies for treatment of CMV disease.
Size-based molecular diagnostics using plasma DNA for noninvasive prenatal testing
Authors: Yu Stephanie C. Y. , Chan K. C. Allen , Zheng Yama W. L. , Jiang Peiyong , Liao Gary J. W. , Sun Hao , Akolekar Ranjit , Leung Tak Y. , Go Attie T. J. I. , van Vugt John M. G. , Minekawa Ryoko , Oudejans Cees B. M. , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Chiu Rossa W. K. , Lo Y. M. Dennis 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using fetal DNA in maternal plasma has been rapidly adopted worldwide. Current NIPT for fetal chromosomal disorders are based on the counting of DNA molecules in maternal plasma. Here, we show that plasma DNA-based molecular diagnostics can also be built around DNA fragment size, instead of count. First, we demonstrate that the fetal DNA fraction in maternal plasma can be rapidly measured by size analysis, even simply using microchip-based capillary electrophoresis. Second, we show that plasma DNA size analysis can be used for the detection of multiple types of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies with high accuracy. This strategy has many potential diagnostic applications, e.g., in oncology and transplantation monitoring.
Predation-associated modulation of movement-based signals by a Bahamian lizard
Authors: Steinberg David S. , Losos Jonathan B. , Schoener Thomas W. , Spiller David A. , Kolbe Jason J. , Leal Manuel 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Communication often is a major component of social interactions. Signaling individuals are faced with the challenge of capturing the attention of intended receivers while limiting eavesdropping by potential predators. We conducted an experiment in nature to evaluate the hypothesis that prey species can modulate the physical properties of movement-based displays in response to the presence of predators. We found that male brown anoles dramatically decreased the amplitude of their head-bob displays in the presence of a predatory lizard, resulting in less conspicuous signals. Although less conspicuous signals may be safer for the signaling individuals, they also reduce the distance from which potential mates or competitors can detect them, which might affect the territory size and reproductive success of signaling males.
Multi-dimensional resilience in water-scarce agriculture
Authors: Ranjan Ram 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Surviving prolonged water scarcity in agriculture requires farmers to be resilient along multiple dimensions. Farmers may aim to attain resilience from financial as well as natural capital perspectives. In this paper, a model of multi-dimensional resilience is developed which incorporates risk reduction and wealth accumulation as farmers' key survival strategies. Findings indicate that the relative choice over risk reduction and wealth accumulation strategies varies depending upon whether the farmer is groundwater resilience seeking type or financial resilience seeking type. Also, as the level of risks increases, the financial resilience seeking type farmer may exhibit a non-linear pattern of tradeoff between risk reduction and wealth accumulation behavior. At lower levels of risks, the farmer's optimal response is to reduce risk further with a marginal increase in the exogenous component of the risk. However, at higher levels of risk, more wealth is accumulated as the exogenous component of the risk increases.
Fractal models for normal subgroups of Schottky groups
Authors: Jaerisch Johannes 
Published: May 2014

For a normal subgroupNNof the free groupFd\mathbb {F}_{d}with at least two generators, we introduce the radial limit setΛr(N,Φ)\Lambda _{r}(N,\Phi )ofNNwith respect to a graph directed Markov systemΦ\Phiassociated toFd\mathbb {F}_{d}. These sets are shown to provide fractal models of radial limit sets of normal subgroups of Kleinian groups of Schottky type. Our main result states that ifΦ\Phiis symmetric and linear, then we have thatdimH⁡(Λr(N,Φ))=dimH⁡(Λr(Fd,Φ))\dim _{H}(\Lambda _{r}(N,\Phi ))=\dim _{H}(\Lambda _{r}(\mathbb {F}_d,\Phi ))if and only if the quotient groupFd/N\mathbb {F}_{d}/Nis amenable, wheredimH\dim _{H}denotes the Hausdorff dimension. This extends a result of Brooks for normal subgroups of Kleinian groups to a large class of fractal sets. Moreover, we show that ifFd/N\mathbb {F}_{d}/Nis non-amenable, thendimH⁡(Λr(N,Φ))>dimH⁡(Λr(Fd,Φ))/2\dim _{H}(\Lambda _{r}(N,\Phi ))>\dim _{H}(\Lambda _{r}(\mathbb {F}_d,\Phi ))/2, which extends results by Falk and Stratmann and by Roblin.
Defining Successful Aging: A Tangible or Elusive Concept?
Authors: Martin Peter , Kelly Norene , Kahana Boaz , Kahana Eva , Willcox Bradley J. , Willcox D. Craig , Poon Leonard W. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose of the Study:
Everyone wants to age successfully; however, the definition and criteria of successful aging remain vague for laypersons, researchers, and policymakers in spite of decades of research on the topic. This paper highlights work of scholars who made significant theoretical contributions to the topic.

Design and Methods:
A thorough review and evaluation of the literature on successful aging was undertaken.

Results:
Our review includes early gerontological definitions of successful aging and related concepts. Historical perspectives reach back to philosophical and religious texts, and more recent approaches have focused on both process- and outcome-oriented models of successful aging. We elaborate on Baltes and Baltes’ theory of selective optimization with compensation [Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1990a). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In P. B. Baltes & M. M. Baltes (Eds.), Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences (pp. 1–34). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press], Kahana and Kahana’s preventive and corrective proactivity model [Kahana, E., & Kahana, B. (1996). Conceptual and empirical advances in understanding aging well through proactive adaptation. In V. Bengtson (Ed.), Adulthood and aging: Research on continuities and discontinuities (pp. 18–40). New York: Springer], and Rowe and Kahn’s model of successful aging [Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1998). Successful aging. New York: Pantheon Books], outlining their commonalities and differences. Additional views on successful aging emphasize subjective versus objective perceptions of successful aging and relate successful aging to studies on healthy and exceptional longevity.

Implications:
Additional theoretical work is needed to better understand successful aging, including the way it can encompass disability and death and dying. The extent of rapid social and technological change influencing views on successful aging also deserves more consideration.
A high-precision chemical abundance analysis of the HAT-P-1 stellar binary: constraints on planet formation
Authors: Liu F. , Asplund M. , Ramírez I. , Yong D. , Meléndez J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We present a high-precision, differential elemental abundance analysis of the HAT-P-1 stellar binary based on high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio Keck/HIRES (High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer) spectra. The secondary star in this double system is known to host a transiting giant planet while no planets have yet been detected around the primary star. The derived metallicities ([Fe/H]) of the primary and secondary stars are identical within the errors: 0.146 ± 0.014 dex (σ = 0.033 dex) and 0.155 ± 0.007 dex (σ = 0.023 dex), respectively. Extremely precise differential abundance ratios of 23 elements have been measured (mean error of σ([X/Fe]) = 0.013 dex) and are found to be indistinguishable between the two stars: Δ[X/Fe] (secondary − primary) = +0.001 ± 0.006 dex (σ = 0.008 dex). The striking similarity in the chemical composition of the two stellar components in HAT-P-1 is contrary to the possible 0.04 dex level difference seen in 16 Cyg A+B, which also hosts a giant planet, at least three times more massive than the one around HAT-P-1 secondary star. We conclude that the presence of giant planets does not necessarily imply differences in the chemical compositions of the host stars. The elemental abundances of each star in HAT-P-1 relative to the Sun show an identical, positive correlation with the condensation temperature of the elements; their abundance patterns are thus very similar to those observed in the majority of solar twins. In view of the Meléndez et al. interpretation of the peculiar solar abundance pattern, we conclude that HAT-P-1 experienced less efficient formation of terrestrial planets than the Sun. This is in line with the expectation that the presence of close-in giant planets preventing the formation or survival of terrestrial planets.
Two sun-like superflare stars rotating as slow as the Sun
Authors: Nogami Daisaku , Notsu Yuta , Honda Satoshi , Maehara Hiroyuki , Notsu Shota , Shibayama Takuya , Shibata Kazunari 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We report on the results of high dispersion spectroscopy of two “superflare stars,” KIC 9766237 and KIC 9944137 with Subaru/HDS. Superflare stars are G-type main sequence stars, but show gigantic flares compared to the Sun, which have recently been discovered in the data obtained with the Kepler spacecraft. Though most of these stars are thought to have a rotation period shorter than 10 d on the basis of photometric variabilities, the two targets of the present paper are estimated to have rotation periods of 21.8 d and 25.3 d. Our spectroscopic results clarified that these stars have stellar parameters similar to those of the Sun in terms of the effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity. The projected rotational velocities derived by us are consistent with the photometric rotation period, indicating a fairly high inclination angle. The average strength of the magnetic field on the surface of these stars are estimated to be 1–20 G, by using the absorption line of Ca ii 8542. We could not detect any hint of binarity in our spectra, although more data are needed to firmly rule out the presence of an unseen low-mass companion. These results claim that the spectroscopic properties of these superflare stars are very close to those of the Sun, and support the hypothesis that the Sun might cause a superflare.
A study of selection methods for Hα-emitting galaxies at z ∼ 1.3 for the Subaru/FMOS galaxy redshift survey for cosmology (FastSound)
Authors: Tonegawa Motonari , Totani Tomonori , Akiyama Masayuki , Dalton Gavin , Glazebrook Karl , Iwamuro Fumihide , Sumiyoshi Masanao , Tamura Naoyuki , Yabe Kiyoto , Coupon Jean , Goto Tomotsugu , Spitler Lee R. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The efficient selection of high-redshift emission galaxies is important for future large galaxy redshift surveys for cosmology. Here we describe the target selection methods for the FastSound project, a redshift survey for Hα-emitting galaxies at z = 1.2–1.5 using Subaru/FMOS to measure the linear growth rate fσ8 via redshift space distortion and constrain the theory of gravity. To select ∼ 400 target galaxies in the 0.2 deg2 FMOS field of view from photometric data of CFHTLS-Wide (u*g ′r ′i ′z ′), we test several different methods based on color–color diagrams or photometric redshift estimates from spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting. We also test the improvement in selection efficiency that can be achieved by adding near-infrared data from the UKIDSS DXS (J). The success rates of Hα detection with FMOS averaged over two observed fields using these methods are 11.3% (color–color, optical), 13.6% (color–color, optical + NIR), 17.3% (photo-z, optical), and 15.1% (photo-z, optical + NIR). Selection from photometric redshifts tends to give a better efficiency than color-based methods, although there is no significant improvement by adding J-band data within the statistical scatter. We also investigate the main limiting factors for the success rate, by using the sample of the HiZELS Hα emitters that were selected by narrow-band imaging. Although the number density of total Hα emitters having higher Hα fluxes than the FMOS sensitivity is comparable with the FMOS fiber density, the limited accuracy of photometric redshift and Hα flux estimations have comparable effects on the success rate of ≲ 20% obtained from SED fitting.
Predictors of Functional Outcome after Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Constant Anne-Laure , Montlahuc Claire , Grimaldi David , Pichon Nicolas , Mongardon Nicolas , Bordenave Lauriane , Soummer Alexis , Sauneuf Bertrand , Ricome Sylvie , Misset Benoit , Schnell David , Dubuisson Etienne , Brunet Jennifer , Lasocki Sigismond , Cronier Pierrick , Bouhemad Belaid , Loriferne Jean-François , Begot Emmanuelle , Vandenbunder Benoit , Dhonneur Gilles , Bedos Jean-Pierre , Jullien Philippe , Resche-Rigon Matthieu , Legriel Stephane 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background:
Few outcome data are available about intraoperative cardiac arrest (IOCA). The authors studied 90-day functional outcomes and their determinants in patients admitted to the intensive care unit after IOCA.

Methods:
Patients admitted to 11 intensive care units in a period of 2000–2013 were studied retrospectively. The main outcome measure was a day-90 Cerebral Performance Category score of 1 or 2.

Results:
Of the 140 patients (61 women and 79 men; median age, 60 yr [interquartile range, 46 to 70]), 131 patients (93.6%) had general anesthesia, 80 patients (57.1%) had emergent surgery, and 73 patients (52.1%) had IOCA during surgery. First recorded rhythms were asystole in 73 patients (52.1%), pulseless electrical activity in 44 patients (31.4%), and ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia in 23 patients (16.4%). Median times from collapse to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and return of spontaneous circulation were 0 min (0 to 0) and 10 min (5 to 20), respectively. Postcardiac arrest shock was identified in 114 patients (81.4%). Main causes of IOCA were preoperative complications (n = 46, 32.9%), complications of anesthesia (n = 39, 27.9%), and complications of surgical procedures (n = 36, 25.7%). On day 90, 63 patients (45.3%) were alive with Cerebral Performance Category score 1/2. Independent predictors of day-90 Cerebral Performance Category score 1/2 were day-1 Logistic Organ Dysfunction score (odds ratio, 0.78 per point; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.87; P = 0.0001), ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia as first recorded rhythm (odds ratio, 4.78; 95% CI, 1.38 to 16.53; P = 0.013), and no epinephrine therapy during postcardiac arrest syndrome (odds ratio, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.29 to 7.65; P = 0.012).

Conclusions:
By day 90, 45% of IOCA survivors had good functional outcomes. The main outcome predictors were directly related to IOCA occurrence and postcardiac arrest syndrome; they suggest that the intensive care unit management of postcardiac arrest syndrome may be amenable to improvement.
Effect of Digestion and Storage of Human Milk on Free Fatty Acid Concentration and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Penn Alexander H. , Altshuler Angelina E. , Small James W. , Taylor Sharon F. , Dobkins Karen R. , Schmid‐Schönbein Geert W. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Fat is digested in the intestine into free fatty acids (FFAs), which are detergents and therefore toxic to cells at micromolar concentration. The mucosal barrier protects cells in the adult intestine, but this barrier may not be fully developed in premature infants. Lipase‐digested infant formula, but not fresh human milk, has elevated FFAs and is cytotoxic to intestinal cells, and therefore could contribute to intestinal injury in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), but even infants exclusively fed breast milk may develop NEC. Our objective was to determine whether stored milk and milk from donor milk (DM) banks could also become cytotoxic, especially after digestion.Methods:We exposed cultured rat intestinal epithelial cells or human neutrophils to DM and milk collected fresh and stored at 4°C or −20°C for up to 12 weeks and then treated for 2 hours (37°C) with 0.1 or 1 mg/mL pancreatic lipase and/or trypsin and chymotrypsin.Results:DM and milk stored 3 days (at 4°C or −20°C) and then digested were cytotoxic. Storage at −20°C for 8 and 12 weeks resulted in an additional increase in cytotoxicity. Protease digestion decreased, but did not eliminate cell death.Conclusions:Present storage practices may allow milk to become cytotoxic and contribute to intestinal damage in NEC.
Ultra fast tissue staining with chemical tags
Authors: Kohl Johannes , Ng Julian , Cachero Sebastian , Dolan Michael-John , Sutcliffe Ben , Krueger Daniel , Frechter Shahar , Jefferis Gregory S.X.E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGenetically encoded fluorescent proteins and immunostainings are widely used to detect cellular or subcellular structures in thick biological samples. However, each approach suffers from limitations, including low signal and limited spectral flexibility or slow speed, poor penetration and high background, respectively. Here we overcome these limitations by using transgenically expressed chemical tags for rapid, even and low-background labeling of thick biological tissues. We construct a platform of widely applicable transgenicDrosophilareporter lines, demonstrating that chemical labeling can accelerate staining of whole-mount fly brains by a factor of 100×. Together, this tag-based approach drastically improves the speed and specificity of labeling genetically marked cells in intact and/or thick biological samples.
Maintenance of Chloroplast Structure and Function by Overexpression of the RiceMONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHASEGene Leads to Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Tobacco
Authors: Wang Shiwen , Uddin M. Imtiaz , Tanaka Kiyoshi , Yin Lina , Shi Zhonghui , Qi Yanhua , Mano Jun’ichi , Matsui Kenji , Shimomura Norihiro , Sakaki Takeshi , Deng Xiping , Zhang Suiqi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn plants, the galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactodiacylglycerol (DGDG) are major constituents of photosynthetic membranes in chloroplasts. One of the key enzymes for the biosynthesis of these galactolipids is MGDG synthase (MGD). To investigate the role of MGD in the plant’s response to salt stress, we cloned an MGD gene from rice (Oryza sativa) and generated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing OsMGD. The MGD activity in OsMGD transgenic plants was confirmed to be higher than that in the wild-type tobacco cultivar SR1. Immunoblot analysis indicated that OsMGD was enriched in the outer envelope membrane of the tobacco chloroplast. Under salt stress, the transgenic plants exhibited rapid shoot growth and high photosynthetic rate as compared with the wild type. Transmission electron microscopy observation showed that the chloroplasts from salt-stressed transgenic plants had well-developed thylakoid membranes and properly stacked grana lamellae, whereas the chloroplasts from salt-stressed wild-type plants were fairly disorganized and had large membrane-free areas. Under salt stress, the transgenic plants also maintained higher chlorophyll levels. Lipid composition analysis showed that leaves of transgenic plants consistently contained significantly higher MGDG (including 18:3-16:3 and 18:3-18:3 species) and DGDG (including 18:3-16:3, 18:3-16:0, and 18:3-18:3 species) contents and higher DGDG-MGDG ratios than the wild type did under both control and salt stress conditions. These results show that overexpression of OsMGD improves salt tolerance in tobacco and that the galactolipids MGDG and DGDG play an important role in the regulation of chloroplast structure and function in the plant salt stress response.