bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pesantren Responses to Religious Tolerance, Pluralism and Democracy in Indonesia
Authors: Nurrohman Nurrohman 
Published: June 2014

Pesantren (Islamic boarding school) is the oldest Islamic institution in Indonesia that often affiliated to the largest mass Muslim organization Nahdlatul Ulama. This organization is well known for its stance to uphold moderate, tolerance Islam and accepting pluralistic state based on Pancasila. Pesantren also often referred as the barometer to understand the way of thinking of Muslims grass root in Indonesia because many Islamic figures in Indonesian village are alumni of pesantren. There are debates among scholars on whether religious violence has a root in religious doctrine or it is caused by factors outside religion such as poverty or injustice. By assuming that both inside and outside factors have significant contribution to violence or radicalism this study will discuss the doctrine that potentially can be used to justify violence and intolerance by reviewing the opinion of pesantren leaders in West Java on jihad, violence or intolerance and power. This study is aimed to examine whether the commitment of Muslim leaders in national level on democracy and plurality is supported by grass root particularly from pesantren leaders. Overall the study found that although they agree that democracy is compatible with Islam, this study reveals that their acceptance to pluralism still be questioned as evidenced by almost half of them supported theocratic caliphate carry out by radical group. Although many argued that pesantren promotes tolerance and pluralism, nevertheless this study shows that some of their teaching tacitly supported violence act in the name of religion that will tarnished the effort of Indonesia to synchronize Islam, democracy and modernity. It means that many of them actually not wholeheartedly accepted democracy and pluralism.
Selenomethionine and Total Methionine Ratio is Conserved in Seed Proteins of Selenium‐Treated and Nontreated Soybean, Flax, and Potato
Authors: Fofana B. , Main D. , Ghose K. , Grimmett M. , Peters R. D. , Martin R.A. , Mester Z. , Yang L. , Locke S. , Sweeney M. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTCrop biofortification with Se is widely accepted. However, little is known about the efficiency of selenomethionine (Se‐Met) incorporation into the seed and tuber protein fraction of crops. Here, we report on the efficiency of Se incorporation into the seed and tuber protein fraction of soybean, flax, and potato and the putative identity of some of the proteins that are likely targets for this random pretranslation modification. Soybean, flax, and potato plants received Se using different sodium selenate application methods and rates, and Se‐Met was determined in seed, tuber, and their protein fractions. Selenium content in seed and tuber tissues and in protein fractions was increased by 2 to 86 times. The methionine (Met) pool was increased, as was the proportion of Se‐Met in the Met pool, but the ratio of Se‐Met:total Met was well conserved (1:1) between the treated and nontreated plants. After two‐dimensional (2D) protein electrophoresis, five protein spots were identified as glycinin, trypsin inhibitor (soybean), patatin‐3‐Kuras‐1, patain‐B2, and phosphoenol carboxy kinase (potato), none of which showed S to Se substitution in their primary structure. Linking Se and three stress markers in fresh tuber extracts, glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were increased by 20 to 35%. The data showed low protein modification in these non‐Se‐accumulator crops and indicated that rates of 5 to 10 g ha–1 Se, through foliar application, may ensure not only an adequate daily intake levels for humans but may also activate antioxidant enzyme systems within the tuber tissue.
Cold Tolerance in Two Large Maize Inbred Panels Adapted to European Climates
Authors: Revilla Pedro , Rodríguez Víctor Manuel , Ordás Amando , Rincent Renaud , Charcosset Alain , Giauffret Catherine , Melchinger Albrecht E. , Schön Chris‐Carolin , Bauer Eva , Altmann Thomas , Brunel Dominique , Moreno‐González Jesús , Campo Laura , Ouzunova Milena , Laborde Jacques , Álvarez Ángel , Ruíz de Galarreta José Ignacio , Malvar Rosa Ana 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMaize (Zea mays L.) for northern growing areas requires cold tolerance for extending the vegetative period. Our objectives were to evaluate two large panels of maize inbred lines adapted to Europe for cold tolerance and to estimate the effects of cold‐related traits on biomass production. Two inbred panels were evaluated for cold tolerance per se and in testcrosses under cold and control conditions in a growth chamber and under field conditions. Comparisons of inbreds and groups of inbreds were made taking into account the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)‐based genetic structure of the panels, and the factors affecting biomass production were studied. Eight flint and one dent inbred with diverse origins were the most cold tolerant. The most cold‐tolerant dent and flint groups were the Iodent Ph207 and the Northern Flint D171 groups, respectively. The relationships between inbred per se and testcross performance and between controlled and field conditions were low. Regressions with dry matter yield in the field as dependent variable identified plant height (R2 = 0.285) as the main independent variable, followed by quantum efficiency of photosystem II (R2 = 0.034) and other traits with minor contributions. Cold‐tolerance–related traits had low and negative effects on dry matter yield. Models intending the prediction of final performance from traits scored in early developmental stages are not expected to be precise enough for breeding. For improving cold tolerance, inbreds released from crosses among the No Iodent group and the Northern Flint group may show high combining ability, as well as between both groups and the Northern Flint D171 group.
Regularized nonnegative matrix factorization: Geometrical interpretation and application to spectral unmixing
Authors: Zdunek Rafał 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is an important tool in data spectral analysis. However, when a mixing matrix or sources are not sufﬁciently sparse, NMF of an observation matrix is not unique. Many numerical optimization algorithms, which assure fast convergence for speciﬁc problems, may easily get stuck into unfavorable local minima of an objective function, resulting in very low performance. In this paper, we discuss the Tikhonov regularized version of the Fast Combinatorial NonNegative Least Squares (FC-NNLS) algorithm (proposed by Benthem and Keenan in 2004), where the regularization parameter starts from a large value and decreases gradually with iterations. A geometrical analysis and justiﬁcation of this approach are presented. The numerical experiments, carried out for various benchmarks of spectral signals, demonstrate that this kind of regularization, when applied to the FC-NNLS algorithm, is essential to obtain good performance.
Tikhonov regularization and constrained quadratic programming for magnetic coil design problems
Authors: Garda Bartłomiej , Galias Zbigniew 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this work, the problem of coil design is studied. It is assumed that the structure of the coil is known (i.e., the positions of simple circular coils are ﬁxed) and the problem is to ﬁnd current distribution to obtain the required magnetic ﬁeld in a given region. The unconstrained version of the problem (arbitrary currents are allowed) can be formulated as a Least-SQuares (LSQ) problem. However, the results obtained by solving the LSQ problem are usually useless from the application point of view. Moreover, for higher dimensions the problem is ill-conditioned. To overcome these difﬁculties, a regularization term is sometimes added to the cost function, in order to make the solution smoother. The regularization technique, however, produces suboptimal solutions. In this work, we propose to solve the problem under study using the constrained Quadratic Programming (QP) method. The methods are compared in terms of the quality of the magnetic ﬁeld obtained, and the power of the designed coil. Several 1D and 2D examples are considered. It is shown that for the same value of the maximum current the QP method provides solutions with a higher quality magnetic ﬁeld than the regularization method.
Automatic speech signal segmentation based on the innovation adaptive filter
Authors: Makowski Ryszard , Hossa Robert 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Speech segmentation is an essential stage in designing automatic speech recognition systems and one can ﬁnd several algorithms proposed in the literature. It is a difﬁcult problem, as speech is immensely variable. The aim of the authors’ studies was to design an algorithm that could be employed at the stage of automatic speech recognition. This would make it possible to avoid some problems related to speech signal parametrization. Posing the problem in such a way requires the algorithm to be capable of working in real time. The only such algorithm was proposed by Tyagi et al., (2006), and it is a modiﬁed version of Brandt’s algorithm. The article presents a new algorithm for unsupervised automatic speech signal segmentation. It performs segmentation without access to information about the phonetic content of the utterances, relying exclusively on second-order statistics of a speech signal. The starting point for the proposed method is time-varying Schur coefﬁcients of an innovation adaptive ﬁlter. The Schur algorithm is known to be fast, precise, stable and capable of rapidly tracking changes in second order signal statistics. A transfer from one phoneme to another in the speech signal always indicates a change in signal statistics caused by vocal track changes. In order to allow for the properties of human hearing, detection of inter-phoneme boundaries is performed based on statistics deﬁned on the mel spectrum determined from the reﬂection coefﬁcients. The paper presents the structure of the algorithm, deﬁnes its properties, lists parameter values, describes detection efﬁciency results, and compares them with those for another algorithm. The obtained segmentation results, are satisfactory.
Artificial intelligence methods in diagnostics of analog systems
Authors: Bilski Piotr , Wojciechowski Jacek 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the state of the art and advancement of artiﬁcial intelligence methods in analog systems diagnostics. Firstly, the diagnostic domain is introduced and its problems explained. Then, computational intelligence approaches usable for fault detection and identiﬁcation are reviewed. Particular groups of methods are presented in detail, explaining their usefulness and drawbacks. Examples, such as the induction motor or the electronic ﬁlter, are provided to show the applicability of the presented approaches for monitoring the state of analog objects from engineering domains. The discussion section reviews the presented approaches, their future prospects and problems to be solved.
Selection of search strategies for solving 3-SAT problems
Authors: Pułka Andrzej 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper concerns the problem of Boolean satisﬁability checking, which is recognized as one of the most important issues in the ﬁeld of modern digital electronic system veriﬁcation and design. The paper analyzes different strategies and scenarios of the proving process, and presents a modiﬁed and extended version of the author’s FUDASAT algorithm. The original FUDASAT methodology is an intuitive approach that employs a commonsense reasoning methodology. The main objective of the work is to investigate the SAT-solving process and try to formulate a set of rules controlling the reasoning process of the FUDASAT inference engine. In comparison with the author’s previous works, the paper introduces new mechanisms: hypergraph analysis, multiple variable assignments and search space pruning algorithms. The approach considers only 3-SAT class functions, although a generalization of the method is discussed as well. The presented approach has been tested on various benchmarks and compared with the original pure FUDASAT algorithm as well as with other algorithms known from the literature. Finally, the beneﬁts of the proposed SAT solving technique are summarized.
A 2D system approach to the design of a robust modified repetitive-control system with a dynamic output-feedback controller
Authors: Zhou Lan , She Jinhua , Zhou Shaowu 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the problem of designing a robust modiﬁed repetitive-control system with a dynamic output feedback controller for a class of strictly proper plants. Employing the continuous lifting technique, a continuous-discrete two-dimensional (2D) model is built that accurately describes the features of repetitive control. The 2D control input contains the direct sum of the effects of control and learning, which allows us to adjust control and learning preferentially. The singular-value decomposition of the output matrix and Lyapunov stability theory are used to derive an asymptotic stability condition based on a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). Two tuning parameters in the LMI manipulate the preferential adjustment of control and learning. A numerical example illustrates the tuning procedure and demonstrates the effectiveness of the method.
Design of a multivariable neural controller for control of a nonlinear MIMO plant
Authors: Bańka Stanisław , Dworak Paweł , Jaroszewski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the training problem of a set of neural nets to obtain a (gain-scheduling, adaptive) multivariable neural controller for control of a nonlinear MIMO dynamic process represented by a mathematical model of Low-Frequency (LF) motions of a drillship over the drilling point at the sea bottom. The designed neural controller contains a set of neural nets that determine values of its parameters chosen on the basis of two measured auxiliary signals. These are the ship’s current forward speed measured with respect to water and the systematically calculated difference between the course angle and the sea current (yaw angle). Four different methods for synthesis of multivariable modal controllers are used to obtain source data for training the neural controller with parameters reproduced by neural networks. Neural networks are designed on the basis of 3650 modal controllers obtained with the use of the pole placement technique after having linearized the model of LF motions made by the vessel at its nominal operating points in steady states that are dependent on the speciﬁed yaw angle and the sea current velocity. The ﬁnal part of the paper includes simulation results of system operation with a neural controller along with conclusions and ﬁnal remarks.
An efficient algorithm for adaptive total variation based image decomposition and restoration
Authors: Liu Xinwu , Huang Lihong 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
With the aim to better preserve sharp edges and important structure features in the recovered image, this article researches an improved adaptive total variation regularization and H−1 norm ﬁdelity based strategy for image decomposition and restoration. Computationally, for minimizing the proposed energy functional, we investigate an efﬁcient numerical algorithm—the split Bregman method, and brieﬂy prove its convergence. In addition, comparisons are also made with the classical OSV (Osher–Sole–Vese) model (Osher et al., 2003) and the TV-Gabor model (Aujol et al., 2006), in terms of the edge-preserving capability and the recovered results. Numerical experiments markedly demonstrate that our novel scheme yields signiﬁcantly better outcomes in image decomposition and denoising than the existing models.
Application of the Autocorrelation Function and Fractal Geometry Methods for Analysis of MFM Images
Authors: Bramowicz M. , Kulesza S. , Czaja P. , Maziarz W. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Presented work is focused on the use of correlation methods for numerical analysis of magnetic stray field over the surface of materials. Obtained results extend our previous findings about application of the autocorrelation function and the fractal analysis for characterization of magnetic surfaces. Several domain images are recorded at various tip-sample gaps (i.e. the lift heights), and then their average widths were extrapolated down to the zero distance in order to estimate the width seen right on the surface. Apart from that, fractal parameters were derived from autocorrelation function, which turned out to be sensitive to the lift height, and might constitute universal measure (the critical lift height), above which the MFM signal became dominated by thermal noises and non-magnetic residual interactions.
Thin Wall Ductile Iron Castings as Substitutes for Aluminium Alloy Castings
Authors: Fraś E. , Górny M. , Lopez H. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper discusses the reasons behind current trends for substituting cast iron castings by aluminum alloys. In particular it is shown that it is possible to produce thin wall castings (control arms, cantilevers and rotors) made of ductile iron without the development of chills, cold laps or misruns, and with a strength to weight ratio of up 87 MPa cm3/g. In addition, austenitizing at 900 °C for 20 minutes and then austempering in a salt bath at 350 °C for 15 minutes promotes the development of a fully ausferritic matrix in thin wall castings with a the strength to weight ratio increase of up to 154 MPa cm3/g. Finally, it is shown that thin wall castings made of ductile or austemperded cast iron can be lighter and with superior mechanical properties then their substitutes made of aluminum alloy.
Structure and Mechanical Properties of AlMg4.5 And AlMg4.5Mn Wires Extruded by Kobo Method
Authors: Jaskowski M. , Pieła K. , Błaz L. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The influence of the number of extrusion steps in KoBo method (at the same total extrusion ratio of λ = 100) on structure, mechanical properties and work hardening characteristics of AlMg4.5 and AlMg4.5Mn (AA5083) alloys was investigated. It was found that one-step extrusion leads to the formation of recrystallised structure of the material, while the use of two-step extrusion yields a fibrous structure of a “mixed” type, i.e. containing areas where the intensive recovery effects are associated with partially recrystallised structure. As a consequence, the strength properties of the latter extrudate are much higher in both as extruded state and after the subsequent cold rolling. In all cases, the tensile stress-strain curves of the extrudates show the flow stress serrations that are typical for the Portevin - LeChatelier (P-L) effect. In a few tensile tests, the P-L effect was preceded by the plastic flow instability being typical for the occurrence of Lüders bands. Both AlMg4.5 and AlMg4.5Mn extruded wires show a monotonic increase of the work hardening that results from the following cold deformation in the groove rolling.
Progress in Fabrication Technology of Silver-Based Contact Materials with Particular Account of the Ag-Re and Ag-SnO2Bi2O3 Composites
Authors: Księzarek S. , Woch M. , Kołacz D. , Kamińska M. , Borkowski P. , Walczuk E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper outlines technologies currently used for the production of the Ag-Re10 and Ag-SnO2Bi2O3 contact materials in a form of wires and solid and bimetallic rivets. Their characteristic parameters, including physical and mechanical properties and microstructure, are given. It has been found that the level of these parameters, particularly electrical properties (resistance to electric arc erosion), is unsatisfactory considering the present requirements, which applies mainly to the new Ag-Re10 [wt%] alloy, so far not fully technologically mastered. Therefore, under this work a new method for the production of this type of materials has been designed and the related research works were undertaken. The new-generation contact materials in a form of nanostructured composites will be characterised by similar chemical compositions as those specified above but with increased functional properties, including enhanced resistance to arc erosion. In this paper preliminary results of the examination of structure and properties of semi-products obtained by new technology based on powder metallurgy techniques are presented. Conditions for pressure consolidation and plastic consolidation applied for material processing into wires and rivets (solid and bimetallic) have been determined.
Short-Time Ageing of MS350 Maraging Steel with and Without Plastic Deformation
Authors: Marcisz J. , Stępień J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The age hardening behaviour of MS350 maraging steel both in undeformed specimens and in specimens deformed immediately after ageing was studied. Experiments of short-time (15, 30 and 60 s) ageing at temperature up to 600°C were performed. It was found that after ageing at 480-500°C for 15-60 s without deformation the hardness reached the 450-525 HV. The time of ageing at 600°C to reach hardness 600 HV was 15 seconds. No precipitation in specimen aged at 500°C for 60 s was found in TEM and HRTEM investigations. Deformation immediately after ageing intensifies the process of hardening caused by temporary increase of temperature and increase of dislocation density. The hardness of specimens aged for 30 s and then deformed at 480-550°C was similar to the hardness at peak aged conditions (480°C/4h) and reached 600-630 HV. Material produced in industrial trials of cold forward flow forming and following laboratory ageing was analyzed. Increase of hardness from 370 HV to 590-630 HV for specimens taken from thin walled flow formed tube as a result of ageing at 460-490°C for 30 minutes occurred.
Mechanical and Structural Behavior of Copper Subjected to the Flow Forming Process
Authors: Pawlicki M. , Bochniak W. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This work paper presents the results of HV 0.5 microhardness measurements and structural documentation of copper before and after the concurrent elongating flow forming process. No strain work hardening of products was noted. The cause of this behavior was recognized to be the location of strain strain localization in shear bands compounded by a change of the strain path imposed by the flow forming process. The dominance of this plastic flow mechanism makes it possible to conduct a technological process encompassing thinning of product walls with omission of expensive inter-operational softening heat treatment.
Application of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in the Analysis of a Welding Current Instantaneous Values Waveforms during Welding with a Covered Electrode
Authors: Słania J. , Ślązak B. , Fidali M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The article presents the process of production of coated electrodes and their welding properties. The factors concerning the welding properties and the currently applied method of assessing are given. The methodology of the testing based on measuring and recording of instantaneous values of welding current and welding arc voltage is discussed. The article presents the application of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for the analysis of instantaneous values of welding current and welding arc voltage. The results of coated electrodes welding properties are compared. Finally the conclusions drawn from the research are presented.