bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
’n Korpuslinguistise vergelyking van die Totius- en Cloete-Psalmomdigtig
Authors: Van Rooy Bertus 
Published: November 2014

Kritiek teen die Cloete-omdigting van die metriese psalms word beoordeel deur die Totiusomdigting en die Cloete-omdigting met behulp van ’n korpuslinguistiese analise te vergelyk. Die analise geskied vanuit ’n kritiese beskouing van die aannames oor taal en vertaling onderliggend aan die resente debatte oor psalmomdigting. Die aanname van ’n deursigtige verhouding tussen die vaste betekenisse en spesifike woorde, sowel as die moontlikheid dat formele ekwivalensie in die vertaling bewerkstellig kan word, word as vertrekpunte van die kritici van die Cloete-omdigting geïdentifieer. Die data analise toon dat die ooreenkomste tussen die twee omdigtings omvangryk is, maar dat die verskille beperk is. In die Totiusomdigting word meer van argaïese woorde gebruik gemaak. Nederlandse sowel as argaïese grammatikale konstruksies soos die genitief, die datief en die inflksie van die werkwoord kom selfs sporadies voor. Daar kom ook heelwat naamwoorde in die Totius omdigting voor wat op ŉ formeler digterlike styl dui. Daarteenoor kom meer werkwoorde in die Cloete-omdigting voor, asook taaleienskappe wat verband hou met ’n spreektaalregister. Werklik beduidende teologiese verskille blyk nie uit die korpusanalise nie. Totius maak byvoorbeeld van drie verskillende Godsname gebruik, terwyl Cloete van ’n groter verskeidenheid adjektiewe gebruik maak wat soortgelyke betekenisse verwoord as wat in die Godsname vervat is.A corpus linguistic comparison of the psalm versifiations of Totius and Cloete. Criticism of the Cloete versifiation of the metrical psalms is evaluated by comparing the Totius and Cloete versifiation with the aid of a corpus linguistic analysis. The analysis is presented against the backdrop of a critical assessment of assumptions about language and translation that underlie the recent debates on psalm versifiation. The assumption of a transparent relation between fied meanings and specifi words, as well as the degree to which formal equivalence can be attained in translation, is identifid as the points of departure of the critics of the Cloete versifiation. The data analysis shows that the two versifiations share many similarities, but the differences are limited. In the Totius versifiation, archaic forms are usedmore often. Dutch as well as archaic grammatical constructions such as the genitive, dative and verbal inflction are still occasionally encountered. There are also many nouns in the Totius versifiation, which points to a more formal poetic style. By contrast, there are more verbs in the Cloete versifiation, as well as language features that are typical of a spoken language register. Really substantial theological differences do not emerge from the corpus analysis. For instance, where Totius uses three names for God, Cloete uses a wider range of adjectives that encode similar meanings to what Totius encodes in proper nouns.
Systematic Fiscal Policy and Macroeconomic Performance: A Critical Overview of the Literature
Authors: Reicher Claire 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The literature on systematic fiscal policy and macroeconomic performance in industrialized countries is large but fragmented. Based on a broad overview of that literature, several patterns emerge. First, the empirical literature points toward strongly anticyclical policy, which consists of procyclical tax revenues, acyclical tax rates and government purchases, and countercyclical transfer payments. Secondly, consolidation in response to the debt has come primarily through adjustments to taxes and possibly purchases. Thirdly, a large government is associated with reduced macroeconomic volatility. Meanwhile, the theoretical literature on anticyclical fiscal policy has gone from mostly focusing on government purchases and tax rates toward beginning to focus on transfer payments, although more quantitative work remains to be done in linking theory with empirics. In addition, a policy literature has begun to develop, which has applied lessons from the theoretical literature in order to understand different consolidation scenarios and different proposed fiscal rules, particularly in Europe.
Improvement of Manufacturing Operations through a Lean Management Approach: A Case Study in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Nenni Maria Elena , Giustiniano Luca , Pirolo Luca 
Published: November 2014

This paper aims to demonstrate the positive effect of a Lean Management (LM) approach to increasing efficiency, even in a company which is subject to critical market issues. The pharmaceutical industry is a well-known example of a crisis-affected context and companies have directed attention to Lean Management for a long time, but they are stable in increasing effectiveness. This research uses a case study to move the attention to efficiency as an attractive LM goal. The result of this study provides a reference for academia as well as the business field.
OEE Evaluation of a Paced Assembly Line through Different Calculation and Simulation Methods: A Case Study in the Pharmaceutical Environment
Authors: Carlo Filippo De , Arleo Maria Antonietta , Tucci Mario 
Published: November 2014

Modern production systems must guarantee high performance. Increasingly challenging international competition, budget reductions for the health sector and constant technological evolution are just three of the many aspects that drive pharmaceutical companies to continuously improve the productivity of their lines. The scientific literature has for many years been proposing calculation models for estimating the productivity of a machine. One of the most famous, and still used, is overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). This allows the calculation the valuable output considering the six ‘big losses’. The limitations of this approach are noticeable when considering a production line instead of a single machine. Numerous researchers have proposed alternative methods or changes in OEE, to be able to cover the widest spectrum of possible cases. In this study, we wanted to evaluate how such theoretical models related to OEE are actually able to represent the world of tight production flows or whether, in these cases, a more complex type of simulation should be preferred. To do this, we carried out a case study of a production line in the pharmaceutical industry, and the results showed that the simulation approach gives better results because of the peculiarities not considered by the theoretical models.
Concise Review: Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Munoz Javier , Shah Nina , Rezvani Katayoun , Hosing Chitra , Bollard Catherine M. , Oran Betul , Olson Amanda , Popat Uday , Molldrem Jeffrey , McNiece Ian K. , Shpall Elizabeth J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an important treatment option for fit patients with poor-risk hematological malignancies; nevertheless, the lack of available fully matched donors limits the extent of its use. Umbilical cord blood has emerged as an effective alternate source of hematopoietic stem cell support. Transplantation with cord blood allows for faster availability of frozen sample and avoids invasive procedures for donors. In addition, this procedure has demonstrated reduced relapse rates and similar overall survival when compared with unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The limited dose of CD34-positive stem cells available with single-unit cord transplantation has been addressed by the development of double-unit cord transplantation. In combination with improved conditioning regimens, double-unit cord transplantation has allowed for the treatment of larger children, as well as adult patients with hematological malignancies. Current excitement in the field revolves around the development of safer techniques to improve homing, engraftment, and immune reconstitution after cord blood transplantation. Here the authors review the past, present, and future of cord transplantation.
Proceedings: Debilitating Eye Diseases
Authors: Caras Ingrid W. , Littman Neil , Abo Arie 
Published: November 2014

Summary
Debilitating eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa currently represent a large unmet medical need that could potentially be addressed by stem cell therapy. A number of novel stem cell-based cellular therapies are now under development to treat a variety of eye diseases. The approaches being taken by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, together with its grantees, are discussed.
Upstream and downstream wave packets associated with low‐Mach number interplanetary shocks
Authors: Goncharov O. , Šafránková J. , Němeček Z. , Přech L. , Pitňa A. , Zastenker G. N. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWave packets are frequently observed upstream and/or downstream of shocks in a magnetized plasma. We present a comparison of Wind and Spektr‐R observations of 27 interplanetary low‐Mach number (<5.5) shocks that reveals that (1) the wavelengths of both upstream and downstream waves conserve over the spacecraft separation, (2) in the frequency range of 0.5–5 Hz, their wavelengths are directly proportional to the shock ramp thickness that is controlled by the ion thermal gyroradius, and (3) the phase shift between density and temperature variations within downstream wave packets is about 90°. These results emphasize a role of kinetic processes in the formation of low‐Mach number shocks.
Can HF heating generate ESF bubbles?
Authors: Zawdie K. A. , Huba J. D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe injection of powerful HF waves into the ionosphere can lead to strong electron heating followed by a pressure perturbation which can locally reduce the plasma density. In the postsunset equatorial ionosphere, density perturbations can provide the seed to generate equatorial spread F (ESF) bubbles. In this paper, a modified version of the SAMI3/ESF ionosphere code is used to model the density depletions created by HF heating and to determine if ESF bubbles can be artificially generated. It is found that HF heating primarily redistributes plasma along the geomagnetic field and does not significantly perturb the flux tube integrated conductivities. Thus, HF heating does not appear to be a viable method to seed or generate ESF bubbles.
Thermal drawdown and late‐stage seismic‐slip fault reactivation in enhanced geothermal reservoirs
Authors: Gan Quan , Elsworth Derek 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLate‐stage seismic slip in geothermal reservoirs has been shown as a potential mechanism for inducing seismic events of magnitudes to ~2.6 as late as two decades into production. We investigate the propagation of fluid pressures and thermal stresses in a prototypical geothermal reservoir containing a centrally located critically stressed fault from a doublet injector and withdrawal well to define the likelihood, timing, and magnitude of events triggered by both fluid pressures and thermal stresses. We define two bounding modes of fluid production from the reservoir. For injection at a given temperature, these bounding modes relate to either low‐ or high‐relative flow rates. At low relative dimensionless flow rates the pressure pulse travels slowly, the pressure‐driven changes in effective stress are muted, but thermal drawdown propagates through the reservoir as a distinct front. This results in the lowest likelihood of pressure‐triggered events but the largest likelihood of late‐stage thermally triggered events. Conversely, at high relative non‐dimensional flow rates the propagating pressure pulse is larger and migrates more quickly through the reservoir but the thermal drawdown is uniform across the reservoir and without the presence of a distinct thermal front, and less capable of triggering late‐stage seismicity. We evaluate the uniformity of thermal drawdown as a function of a dimensionless flow rate QD that scales with fracture spacing s (m), injection rate q (kg/s), and the distance between the injector and the target point L∗ (QD ∝ qs2/L∗). This parameter enables the reservoir characteristics to be connected with the thermal drawdown response around the fault and from that the corresponding magnitude and timing of seismicity to be determined. These results illustrate that the dimensionless temperature gradient adjacent to the fault dTD/dxD is exclusively controlled by the factor QD. More significantly, this temperature gradient correlates directly with both the likelihood and severity of triggered events, enabling the direct scaling of likely magnitudes and timing to be determined a priori and directly related to the characteristics of the reservoir. This dimensionless scaling facilitates design for an optimum QD value to yield both significant heat recovery and longevity of geothermal reservoirs while minimizing associated induced seismicity.
Repositioning the Cobb human archive: The merger of a skeletal collection and its texts
Authors: Watkins Rachel , Muller Jennifer 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe W. Montague Cobb skeletal collection, mainly comprised of African Americans living in Washington, DC, before 1969, is an important collection for human biological studies of the African Diaspora. This article outlines the process of constructing an improved study sample for biocultural analysis by merging skeletal remains from the collection with their associated texts. The merging allows for the inclusion of individuals from the original series for whom we no longer have skeletons. We argue that this step is necessary to construct a data set that reflects the demographic breadth (age, ethnicity, social class) of the original collection, taking into account a substantial number of skeletons lost during storage and disuse. The mechanics of this process were informed by a critical and humanistic orientation toward human biological study built upon the following premises: (1) scientific investigation is not an objective or passive practice, nor must it be; and, (2) relevant, publically accessible human biological research requires competence with social justice issues, as well as previous and current scholarship focused on addressing those issues. This approach to sample construction engages skeletal remains as biological and social products, and enhances the social and translational implications of our research practices. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:41–50, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designing mental health interventions informed by child development and human biology theory: A social ecology intervention for child soldiers inNepal
Authors: Kohrt Brandon A. , Jordans Mark J.D. , Koirala Suraj , Worthman Carol M. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe anthropological study of human biology, health, and child development provides a model with potential to address the gap in population‐wide mental health interventions. Four key concepts from human biology can inform public mental health interventions: life history theory and tradeoffs, redundancy and plurality of pathways, cascades and multiplier effects in biological systems, and proximate feedback systems. A public mental health intervention for former child soldiers in Nepal is used to illustrate the role of these concepts in intervention design and evaluation. Future directions and recommendations for applying human biology theory in pursuit of public mental health interventions are discussed. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:27–40, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applying the community partnership approach to human biology research
Authors: Ravenscroft Julia , Schell Lawrence M. , Cole Tewentahawih′tha′ 
Published: November 2014

AbstractContemporary human biology research employs a unique skillset for biocultural analysis. This skillset is highly appropriate for the study of health disparities because disparities result from the interaction of social and biological factors over one or more generations. Health disparities research almost always involves disadvantaged communities owing to the relationship between social position and health in stratified societies. Successful research with disadvantaged communities involves a specific approach, the community partnership model, which creates a relationship beneficial for researcher and community. Paramount is the need for trust between partners. With trust established, partners share research goals, agree on research methods and produce results of interest and importance to all partners. Results are shared with the community as they are developed; community partners also provide input on analyses and interpretation of findings. This article describes a partnership‐based, 20 year relationship between community members of the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation and researchers at the University at Albany. As with many communities facing health disparity issues, research with Native Americans and indigenous peoples generally is inherently politicized. For Akwesasne, the contamination of their lands and waters is an environmental justice issue in which the community has faced unequal exposure to, and harm by environmental toxicants. As human biologists engage in more partnership‐type research, it is important to understand the long term goals of the community and what is at stake so the research circle can be closed and ‘helicopter’ style research avoided. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:6–15, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantioselective Cycloadditions of Vinyl Cyclopropanes and Nitroolefins for Functionally and Optically Enriched Nitrocyclopentanes
Authors: Li Wen‐Ke , Liu Ze‐Shui , He Long , Kang Tai‐Ran , Liu Quan‐Zhong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed enantioselective cycloaddition of vinyl cyclopropane dicarbonitriles and nitroolefins was achieved to generate structurally and optically enriched nitrocyclopentanes with three consecutive chiral carbon centers in up to 96 % yield and with up to 92 % ee. The two diastereoisomers produced in each reaction are readily separable by simple chromatography. The present method allows the preparation of both diastereoisomers in optically enriched form.
Targeting miR‐155 restores abnormal microglia and attenuates disease in SOD1 mice
Authors: Butovsky Oleg , Jedrychowski Mark P. , Cialic Ron , Krasemann Susanne , Murugaiyan Gopal , Fanek Zain , Greco David J. , Wu Pauline M. , Doykan Camille E. , Kiner Olga , Lawson Robert J. , Frosch Matthew P. , Pochet Nathalie , Fatimy Rachid El , Krichevsky Anna M. , Gygi Steven P. , Lassmann Hans , Berry James , Cudkowicz Merit E. , Weiner Howard L. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate miR‐155 in the SOD1 mouse model and human sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsNanoString microRNA, microglia and immune gene profiles, protein mass spectrometry, and RNA‐seq analyses were measured in spinal cord microglia, splenic monocytes, and spinal cord tissue from SOD1 mice and in spinal cord tissue of familial and sporadic ALS. miR‐155 was targeted by genetic ablation or by peripheral or centrally administered anti–miR‐155 inhibitor in SOD1 mice.ResultsIn SOD1 mice, we found loss of the molecular signature that characterizes homeostatic microglia and increased expression of miR‐155. There was loss of the microglial molecules P2ry12, Tmem119, Olfml3, transcription factors Egr1, Atf3, Jun, Fos, and Mafb, and the upstream regulators Csf1r, Tgfb1, and Tgfbr1, which are essential for microglial survival. Microglia biological functions were suppressed including phagocytosis. Genetic ablation of miR‐155 increased survival in SOD1 mice by 51 days in females and 27 days in males and restored the abnormal microglia and monocyte molecular signatures. Disease severity in SOD1 males was associated with early upregulation of inflammatory genes, including Apoe in microglia. Treatment of adult microglia with apolipoprotein E suppressed the M0‐homeostatic unique microglia signature and induced an M1‐like phenotype. miR‐155 expression was increased in the spinal cord of both familial and sporadic ALS. Dysregulated proteins that we identified in human ALS spinal cord were restored in SOD1G93A/miR‐155−/− mice. Intraventricular anti–miR‐155 treatment derepressed microglial miR‐155 targeted genes, and peripheral anti–miR‐155 treatment prolonged survival.InterpretationWe found overexpression of miR‐155 in the SOD1 mouse and in both sporadic and familial human ALS. Targeting miR‐155 in SOD1 mice restores dysfunctional microglia and ameliorates disease. These findings identify miR‐155 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of ALS. ANN NEUROL 2015;77:75–99
Coding mutations in SORL1 and Alzheimer disease
Authors: Vardarajan Badri N. , Zhang Yalun , Lee Joseph H. , Cheng Rong , Bohm Christopher , Ghani Mahdi , Reitz Christiane , Reyes‐Dumeyer Dolly , Shen Yufeng , Rogaeva Ekaterina , St George‐Hyslop Peter , Mayeux Richard 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveCommon single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SORL1 gene have been associated with late onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD), but causal variants have not been fully characterized nor has the mechanism been established. The study was undertaken to identify functional SORL1 mutations in patients with LOAD.MethodsThis was a family‐ and cohort‐based genetic association study. Caribbean Hispanics with familial and sporadic LOAD and similarly aged controls were recruited from the United States and the Dominican Republic, and patients with sporadic disease of Northern European origin were recruited from Canada. Prioritized coding variants in SORL1 were detected by targeted resequencing and validated by genotyping in additional family members and unrelated healthy controls. Variants transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cell lines were tested for Aβ40 and Aβ42 secretion, and the amount of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) secreted at the cell surface was determined.ResultsSeventeen coding exonic variants were significantly associated with disease. Two rare variants (rs117260922‐E270K and rs143571823‐T947M) with minor allele frequency (MAF) < 1% and 1 common variant (rs2298813‐A528T) with MAF = 14.9% segregated within families and were deemed deleterious to the coding protein. Transfected cell lines showed increased Aβ40 and Aβ42 secretion for the rare variants (E270K and T947M) and increased Aβ42 secretion for the common variant (A528T). All mutants increased the amount of APP at the cell surface, although in slightly different ways, thereby failing to direct full‐length APP into the retromer‐recycling endosome pathway.InterpretationCommon and rare variants in SORL1 elevate the risk of LOAD by directly affecting APP processing, which in turn can result in increased Aβ40 and Aβ42 secretion. Ann Neurol 2015;77:215–227
C‐H‐Aktivierung mit Komplexen der f‐Block‐Elemente
Authors: Arnold Polly L. , McMullon Max W. , Rieb Julia , Kühn Fritz E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHomogene Katalyse hängt zu erheblichen Teilen von der Synthese von Metallkomplexen ab, die in der Lage sind, (niedermolekulare) Substrate zu binden und zu wertvolleren Produkten umzusetzen. Einen ersten Vorgeschmack der katalytischen C‐H‐Aktivierung mit metallorganischen Lanthanoidkomplexen gab es vor etwa 25 Jahren, als es gelang, mit Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadenyl)lanthanoid‐Methylkomplexen [(η5‐(C5Me5)2Ln(CH3)] eine C‐H‐Bindung von Methan zu spalten. In der Zwischenzeit wurden zahlreiche Metallkomplexe aus dem ganzen Periodensystem gefunden, die selektiv C‐H‐Bindungen aktivieren können, aber die Herausforderung, einen geschlossenen Katalysezyklus zu etablieren, bleibt bestehen. Viele f‐Block‐Komplexe scheinen aber über großes Potenzial auf diesem wichtigen Gebiet zu verfügen.