bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure and Temperature-Dependent Luminescence Characteristics of KMg4(PO4)3:Eu2+ phosphor for White Light-emitting diodes
Authors: Chen Jian , Liu Yangai , Mei Lefu , Liu Haikun , Fang Minghao , Huang Zhaohui 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe KMg4(PO4)3:Eu2+ phosphor was prepared by the conventional high temperature solid-state reaction. The crystal structure, luminescence and reflectance spectra, thermal stability, quantum efficiency and the application for N-UV LED were studied respectively. The phase formation and crystal structure of KMg4(PO4)3:Eu2+ were confirmed from the powder X-ray diffraction and the Rietveld refinement. The concentration quenching of Eu2+ in the KMg4(PO4)3 host was determined to be 1mol% and the quenching mechanism was certified to be the dipole–dipole interaction. The energy transfer critical distance of as-prepared phosphor was calculated to be about 35.84Å. Furthermore, the phosphor exhibited good thermal stability and the corresponding activation energy ΔE was reckoned to be 0.24eV. Upon excitation at 365nm, the internal quantum efficiency of the optimized KMg4(PO4)3:Eu2+ was estimated to be 50.44%. The white N-UV LEDs was fabricated via KMg4(PO4)3:Eu2+, green-emitting (Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu2+ and red-emitting CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphors with a near-UV chip. The excellent color rendering index (Ra = 96) at a correlated color temperature (5227.08K) with CIE coordinates of x = 0.34, y = 0.35 of the WLED device indicates that KMg4(PO4)3:Eu2+ is a promising blue-emitting phosphor for white N-UV light emitting diodes (LEDs).
Autophagy Stimulation Abrogates Herpes simplex Virus-1 Infection
Authors: Yakoub Abraam M. , Shukla Deepak 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHerpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is a double-stranded DNA virus that causes life-long infections. HSV-1 infections may lead to herpetic stromal keratitis that may advance to corneal blindness. HSV-1 infections can also cause fatal conditions, such as herpes encephalitis, or neonatal disease. A major virulence mechanism of HSV-1 is the control of autophagy, an innate immune defense strategy that could otherwise degrade viral particles. Here, to investigate a new mechanism for antiviral therapy, we tested the effect of various autophagy inducers (physiological and pharmacological) on infection. Autophagy stimulation was confirmed to significantly suppress HSV-1 infection in various cell types, without affecting cell viability. This study establishes the importance of autophagy for regulating HSV-1 infection and provides a proof-of-principle evidence for a novel antiviral mechanism.
Interplay between copper and zinc homeostasis through the transcriptional regulator Zur in Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Latorre Mauricio , Low Marcela , Gárate Esteban , Reyes-Jara Angélica , Murray Barbara E , Cambiazo Verónica , González Mauricio 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
By integrating the microarray expression data and a global E. faecalis transcriptional network we identified a sub-network activated by zinc and copper. Our analyses indicated that the transcriptional response of the bacterium to copper and zinc exposure involved the activation of two modules, module I that contains genes implicated in zinc homeostasis, including the Zur transcriptional repressor, and module II containing a set of genes associated with general stress response and basal metabolism. Bacterial exposure to zinc and copper led to the repression of the zinc uptake systems of module I. Upon deletion of Zur, exposure to different zinc and copper conditions induced complementary homeostatic mechanisms (ATPase efflux proteins) to control the intracellular concentrations of zinc. The transcriptional activation of zinc homeostasis genes by zinc and copper reveals a functional interplay between these two metals, in which exposure to copper also impacts on the zinc homeostasis. Finally, we present a new zinc homeostasis model in E. faecalis, positioning this bacterium as one of the most complete systems biology model in metals described to date.
Cognitive Decline and Hearing Health Care for Older Adults
Authors: Pichora-Fuller M. Kathleen 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to consider the implications of age-related cognitive decline for hearing health care.

Method
Recent research and current thinking about age-related declines in cognition and the links between auditory and cognitive aging are reviewed briefly. Implications of this research for improving prevention, assessment, and intervention in audiologic practice and for enhancing interprofessional teamwork are highlighted.

Conclusions
Given the important connection between auditory and cognitive aging and given the high prevalence of both hearing and cognitive impairments in the oldest older adults, health care services could be improved by taking into account how both the ear and the brain change over the life span. By incorporating cognitive factors into audiologic prevention, assessment, and intervention, hearing health care can contribute to better hearing and communication as well as to healthy aging.
Unhealthy product sponsorship of Australian national and state sports organisations
Authors: Macniven Rona , Kelly Bridget , King Lesley 
Published: April 2015

Issue addressedMarketing of products harmful to the health of children has been found to be prolific, and occurs across multiple media platforms and in several settings, including organised sport, thus potentially undermining the health benefits inherent in sports participation. Through website audits, this study investigated the nature and extent of unhealthy food, beverage, alcohol and gambling sponsorship across peak Australian sporting organisations.MethodsA structured survey tool identified and assessed sponsoring companies and products displayed on the websites of the 53 national and state/territory sport governing bodies in Australia receiving government funding. Identified products were categorised as healthy or unhealthy, based on criteria developed by health experts.ResultsThere was a total of 413 websites operated by the 53 sports, with 1975 company or product sponsors identified. Overall, 39 sports had at least one unhealthy sponsor, and 10% of all sponsors were rated as unhealthy. Cricket had the highest percent of unhealthy sponsors (27%) and the highest number of unhealthy food and beverage sponsors (n = 19). Rugby Union (n = 16) and Australian Football (n = 4) had the highest numbers of alcohol and gambling sponsors respectively.ConclusionsSponsorship of Australian sport governing bodies by companies promoting unhealthy food and beverage, alcohol and gambling products is prevalent at the state/territory and national level.
Key beliefs of hospital nurses’ hand‐hygiene behaviour: protecting your peers and needing effective reminders
Authors: White Katherine M. , Jimmieson Nerina L. , Graves Nicholas , Barnett Adrian , Cockshaw Wendell , Gee Phillip , Page Katie , Campbell Megan , Martin Elizabeth , Brain David , Paterson David 
Published: April 2015

Issues addressedHand hygiene in hospitals is vital to limit the spread of infections. This study aimed to identify key beliefs underlying hospital nurses' hand‐hygiene decisions to consolidate strategies that encourage compliance.MethodsInformed by a theory of planned behaviour belief framework, nurses from 50 Australian hospitals (n = 797) responded to how likely behavioural beliefs (advantages and disadvantages), normative beliefs (important referents) and control beliefs (barriers) impacted on their hand‐hygiene decisions following the introduction of a national ‘5 moments for hand hygiene’ initiative. Two weeks after completing the survey, they reported their hand‐hygiene adherence. Stepwise regression analyses identified key beliefs that determined nurses' hand‐hygiene behaviour.ResultsReducing the chance of infection for co‐workers influenced nurses' hygiene behaviour, with lack of time and forgetfulness identified as barriers.ConclusionsFuture efforts to improve hand hygiene should highlight the potential impact on colleagues and consider strategies to combat time constraints, as well as implementing workplace reminders to prompt greater hand‐hygiene compliance.
Molecular determinants of the interactions between proteins and ssDNA
Authors: Mishra Garima , Levy Yaakov 
Published: April 2015

Significance
The association between proteins and DNA, which is essential for many biological functions, very often produces high-affinity complexes, in which the protein retains the ability to move along the DNA. These features are common to the binding of proteins either to dsDNA or ssDNA. Although protein–dsDNA interactions have been well-explored, research in the field of protein–ssDNA complexes is still in its infancy, particularly on the theoretical and computational fronts. The major factors that complicate the prediction of protein–ssDNA compared with protein–dsDNA complexes are the much greater flexibility of ssDNA compared with dsDNA and the larger heterogeneity of their interfaces. Here, we begin to fill this gap by developing a minimalist computational model to predict the protein–ssDNA binding mode.
Dermis-Fat Graft in Children as Primary and Secondary Orbital Implant
Authors: Quaranta-Leoni Francesco M. , Sposato Sabrina , Raglione Pietro , Mastromarino Angelo 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:
To report the experience with the use of dermis-fat graft in the pediatric population and to evaluate the outcome of this procedure as a primary or secondary orbital implant.

Methods:
Case series. Analysis of the clinical charts of 22 patients. Age at the time of surgery ranged from 2.1 to 13 years. Three patients affected were submitted to evisceration with primary dermis-fat graft. Six patients had explantation of exposed implants and a replacement with a dermis-fat graft. Three patients had a dermis-fat graft to repair contracted sockets. Ten patients were affected by congenital anophthalmia: 4 patients had a primary dermis-fat graft, 6 patients had a removal of a socket expander, or an orbital spherical expander, or pellet expanders and a replacement with a dermis-fat graft. This study adheres to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

Results:
The patients’ follow up ranged between 2.5 and 8 years. Only 1 child who had a primary dermis-fat graft experienced excessive growth of the implant, managed by surgical debulking. In the end, all the patients showed satisfactory orbital volume along with adequate fornices.

Conclusions:
The dermis-fat graft as a primary implant may be useful in children with severe scleromalacia or following ocular trauma. It is a suitable option in children affected by congenital anophthalmia as it helps continued socket expansion. It can also be considered in the pediatric population to address the volume deficit following explantation of exposed implants and in contracted sockets.
An Electronic Health Record–based Algorithm to Ascertain the Date of Second Breast Cancer Events
Authors: Chubak Jessica , Onega Tracy , Zhu Weiwei , Buist Diana S. M. , Hubbard Rebecca A. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives:
Studies of cancer recurrences and second primary tumors require information on outcome dates. Little is known about how well electronic health record–based algorithms can identify dates or how errors in dates can bias analyses.

Research Design:
We assessed rule-based and model-fitting approaches to assign event dates using a previously published electronic health record-based algorithm for second breast cancer events (SBCE). We conducted a simulation study to assess bias due to date assignment errors in time-to-event analyses.

Subjects:
From a cohort of 3152 early-stage breast cancer patients, 358 women accurately identified as having had an SBCE served as the basis for this analysis.

Measures:
Percent of predicted SBCE dates identified within ±60 days of the true date was the primary measure of accuracy. In the simulation study, bias in hazard ratios (HRs) was estimated by averaging the difference between HRs based on algorithm-assigned dates and the true HR across 1000 simulations each with simulated N=4000.

Results:
The most accurate date algorithm had a median difference between the true and predicted dates of 0 days with 82% of predicted dates falling within 60 days of the true date. Bias resulted when algorithm sensitivity and specificity varied by exposure status, but was minimal when date assignment errors were of the magnitude observed for our date assignment method.

Conclusions:
SBCE date can be relatively accurately assigned based on a previous algorithm. While acceptable in many scenarios, algorithm-assigned dates are not appropriate to use when operating characteristics are likely to vary by the study exposure.
A Two-State Epistasis Model Reduces Missing Heritability of Complex Traits
Authors: Bubb Kerry L. , Queitsch Christine 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTDespite decade-long efforts, the genetic underpinnings of many complex traits and diseases remain largely elusive. It is increasingly recognized that a purely additive model, upon which most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) rely, is insufficient. Although thousands of significant trait-associated loci have been identified, purely additive models leave much of the inferred genetic variance unexplained. Several factors have been invoked to explain the ‘missing heritability’, including epistasis. Accounting for all possible epistatic interactions is computationally complex and requires very large samples. Here, we propose a simple two-state epistasis model, in which individuals show either high or low variant penetrance with respect to a certain trait. The use of this model increases the power to detect additive trait-associated loci. We show that this model is consistent with current GWAS results and improves fit with heritability observations based on twin studies. We suggest that accounting for variant penetrance will significantly increase our power to identify underlying additive loci.
Phylogenetic tree inference from local gene content
Authors: Glazko Galina , Gensheimer Michael , Mushegian Arcady 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundComplete genome sequences provide many new characters suitable for studying phylogenetic relationships. The limitations of the single sequence-based phylogenetic reconstruction prompted the efforts to build trees based on genome-wide properties, such as the fraction of shared orthologous genes or conservation of adjoining gene pairs. Gene content-based phylogenies, however, have their own biases: most notably, differential losses and horizontal transfers of genes interfere with phylogenetic signal, each in their own way, and special measures need to be taken to eliminate these types of noise.ResultsWe expand the repertoire of genome-wide traits available for phylogeny building, by developing a practical approach for measuring local gene conservation in two genomes. We counted the number of orthologous genes shared by chromosomal neighborhoods (“bins”), and built the phylogeny of 63 prokaryotic genomes on this basis. The tree correctly resolved all well-established clades, and also suggested the monophily of firmicutes, which tend to be split in other genome-based trees.ConclusionsOur measure of local gene order conservation extracts strong phylogenetic signal. This new measure appears to be substantially resistant to the observed instances of gene loss and horizontal transfer, two evolutionary forces which can cause systematic biases in the genome-based phylogenies.
An empirical survey of the perceived benefits of implementing the Mandatory Building Inspection Scheme (MBIS) in Hong Kong
Authors: CHAN Dr Daniel W.M. , Hung Henry T.W. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to review the current state of building decay in Hong Kong, and attempts to identify and analyze the perceived benefits of implementing the Mandatory Building Inspection Scheme (MBIS) via an industry-wide empirical questionnaire survey.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 340 professional respondents who have gained hands-on experience in either new building works or building management or building repair/maintenance were requested to complete a survey questionnaire to indicate the relative importance of those benefits identified in relation to MBIS. The perceived benefits were measured, ranked and compared according to the different roles of industrial practitioners, and between the residents in private premises and those in public estates.

Findings
– The survey findings suggested the most significant benefits derived from implementing MBIS to be: raise the overall building safety toward residents and the general public; create more job openings and business opportunities in building repair and maintenance services; and MBIS is an effective solution to address the problems with building decay (e.g. dilapidation and control over the existing unauthorized building works). The results of factor analysis indicated that the 13 perceived benefits of implementing MBIS were consolidated under three underlying factors: addressing building dilapidation and assuring building safety; improving the living environment and upgrading property values; and creating more job openings and business opportunities.

Social implications
– As MBIS was officially launched on June 30, 2012, it is expected to be one of the proposed effective measures in resolving the long-standing problems of building neglect and deterioration in Hong Kong and overseas, especially to those existing old private premises.

Originality/value
– In the long run, the number of prematurely ageing buildings would be reduced, and the service life span of existing private premises would be prolonged. This is in line with the sustainability principle of providing a better living and the working environment within the community as a whole.
Clinical studies of the treatment of facial atrophic acne scars and acne with a bipolar fractional radiofrequency system
Authors: Kaminaka Chikako , Uede Mikiko , Matsunaka Hiroshi , Furukawa Fukumi , Yamamoto Yuki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFew clinical studies have examined the utility of bipolar fractional radiofrequency (FRF) therapy as a treatment for atrophic acne scars and active acne in people with darker skin. This study was designed to compare the safety and efficacy of bipolarFRFtherapy as a treatment for atrophic acne scars and acne vulgaris. Twenty‐three Japanese patients with atrophic acne scars and mild to severe acne on both cheeks were treated with a bipolarFRFsystem (eMatrix; Syneron, Yokneam Illit, Israel). Five treatment sessions were carried out at 1‐month intervals, and the patients were followed up for 3 months after the final treatment. Assessments of scar severity and the number of acne lesions and 3‐Din vivoimaging analysis were performed. Evaluations of the treatment outcomes and their effects on the patients’ quality of life (QOL) were also carried out. We demonstrated that the improvement in scar volume was marked in the patients with mild scars and was at least moderate in 23 (57.5%) of the treated areas. With regard to the number of acne lesions, the treated areas exhibited significantly fewer lesions compared with the baseline at each time point (P < 0.05). The patients’ assessments of the treatment outcomes and theirQOLindicated that both had improved significantly by the end of the study. Furthermore, significant reductions in the patients’ sebum levels, skin roughness and scar depth were observed. BipolarFRFtreatment significantly improved the atrophic acne scars and acne of Japanese patients and had minimal side‐effects.
Melting glacier impacts community structure of Bacteria, Archaea and Fungi in a Chilean Patagonia fjord
Authors: Gutiérrez Marcelo H. , Galand Pierre E. , Moffat Carlos , Pantoja Silvio 
Published: April 2015

SummaryJorge Montt glacier, located in the Patagonian Ice Fields, has undergone an unprecedented retreat during the past century. To study the impact of the meltwater discharge on the microbial community of the downstream fjord, we targeted Bacteria, Archaea and Fungi communities during austral autumn and winter. Our results showed a singular microbial community present in cold and low salinity surface waters during autumn, when a thicker meltwater layer was observed. Meltwater bacterial sequences were related to Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteriodetes previously identified in freshwater and cold ecosystems, suggesting the occurrence of microorganisms adapted to live in the extreme conditions of meltwater. For Fungi, representative sequences related to terrestrial and airborne fungal taxa indicated transport of allochthonous Fungi by the meltwater discharge. In contrast, bottom fjord waters from autumn and winter showed representative Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) related to sequences of marine microorganisms, which is consistent with current models of fjord circulation. We conclude that meltwater can significantly modify the structure of microbial communities and support the development of a major fraction of microorganisms in surface waters of Patagonian fjords.
Is the increased risk of preterm birth following excision for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia restricted to the first birth post treatment?
Authors: Castañon A , Landy R , Brocklehurst P , Evans H , Peebles D , Singh N , Walker P , Patnick J , Sasieni P ,   the PaCT Study Group
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo explore whether the increased risk of preterm birth following treatment for cervical disease is limited to the first birth following colposcopy.DesignNested case–control study.SettingTwelve NHS hospitals in England.PopulationAll nonmultiple births from women selected as cases or controls from a cohort of women with both colposcopy and a hospital birth. Cases had a preterm (20–36 weeks of gestation) birth. Controls had a term birth (38–42 weeks) and no preterm.MethodsObstetric, colposcopy and pathology details were obtained.Main outcome measuresAdjusted odds ratio of preterm birth in first and second or subsequent births following treatment for cervical disease.ResultsA total of 2798 births (1021 preterm) from 2001 women were included in the analysis. The risk of preterm birth increased with increasing depth of treatment among first births post treatment [trend per category increase in depth, categories <10 mm, 10–14 mm, 15–19 mm, ≥20 mm: odds ratio (OR) 1.23, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.12–1.36, P < 0.001] and among second and subsequent births post treatment (trend OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.15–1.56, P < 0.001). No trend was observed among births before colposcopy (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.83–1.16, P = 0.855). The absolute risk of a preterm birth following deep treatments (≥15 mm) was 6.5% among births before colposcopy, 18.9% among first births and 17.2% among second and subsequent births post treatment. Risk of preterm birth (once depth was accounted for) did not differ when comparing first births post colposcopy with second and subsequent births post colposcopy (adjusted OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.89–1.49).ConclusionsThe increased risk of preterm birth following treatment for cervical disease is not restricted to the first birth post colposcopy; it remains for second and subsequent births. These results suggest that once a woman has a deep treatment she remains at higher risk of a preterm birth throughout her reproductive life.Tweetable abstractRisk of preterm birth following large treatments for cervical disease remains for second and subsequent births.