bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population limitation of a non‐ruminant in a nutrient‐poor ecosystem—predation rather than food
Authors: Duncan Patrick , Valeix Marion , Loveridge Andrew J. , Grange Sophie , Barnier Florian , Ncube Hlengisizwe , Périquet Stéphanie , Vitet Camille , Davidson Zeke , Mbizah Moreangels , Madhlamoto Daphine , Fritz Hervé , Chamaillé‐Jammes Simon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrent theory predicts that plains zebra (Equus quagga) populations should be resource‐limited. Long‐term, detailed work in the Hwange ecosystem (Zimbabwe) on zebras and all their major predators provides empirical data to test this on a population that has been at a low density for at least 2 decades and is largely naturally regulated. Information on body condition is used as an indicator of resource use, and offtakes by the three major predators are estimated from a synthesis of data on densities and diets. This information leads to rejection of the expectations for resource limitation. Zebras provide a significant part of the diets of all the main predators and are important (11%) for the most abundant of these, spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta). Using conservative values, we calculate that the three main predators, hyaenas, lions (Panthera leo), and leopards (Panthera pardus), kill some 17.5% of the zebra population. Given that this estimated offtake is of the same order of magnitude as maximum population growth (22.3% per year), we conclude that this population is likely to be limited by predation. Further work is needed to better understand the mechanisms by which the greater susceptibility of juveniles to predation in ungulates contributes to population limitation.
Seasonal movement behaviour of large male elephant in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe
Authors: Cygan Magdalena G. W. , Hoare Richard , Ngwenya Nobesuthu , Traill Lochran W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA great challenge for African conservationists is human–wildlife conflict outside the boundaries of protected areas (PAs). This is particularly true when considering large mobile species, such as elephants, that often disperse from PAs into community land. In Zimbabwe's Hwange National Park, studies on elephant dispersal have focused on breeding herds. Here, we analyse the movements of five older, large males fitted with GPS collars. We found some dispersal outside Hwange, but large males were largely restricted to the Park, especially during the late dry season when water was scarce. Our findings may be useful to regional conservation decision makers.
Habitat connectivity and plant characteristics affecting a fossorial skink, Typhlacontias brevipes
Authors: Utsumi Kaera L. , Eifler Maria A. , Muradzikwa Tanaka E. , Luyanda Brendan , Kanyanga Michael K. , Liu Elizabeth F. , Buchanan Colleen A. , Eifler Douglas A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlant traits and connectivity influence habitat usage, but fine‐scale ecological characteristics that determine fossorial animal movement patterns remain unclear. To understand the influence of landscape connectivity on movement behaviour, we examined vegetation characteristics relative to tracks between vegetation hummocks left by the short blind dart skink, Typhlacontias brevipes, a fossorial lizard inhabiting dunes of the Namib Desert. We measured characteristics of >700 plant hummocks and 293 T. brevipes tracks. Tracks were relatively direct from hummock to hummock (median straightness = 0.94). Vegetation hummocks with tracks were significantly larger than hummocks without tracks, indicating that vegetation size was the most important factor we measured in predicting track occurrence and was more important to skinks than the distances between hummocks, with only 24% of tracks occurring between nearest neighbouring vegetation hummocks. Network clusters consisting of as many as 15 vegetation hummocks were connected by tracks. Skink tracks had a median length of 815 cm and were oriented primarily from 0° to 30°. Our study highlights the importance of vegetation size to fossorial skinks and raises questions regarding other vegetation features that might influence the movement and ecology of fossorial lizards.
Long‐term penile prosthesis couple's satisfaction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Santi Daniele , Cocci Andrea , Vena Walter , Pizzocaro Alessandro , Vignozzi Linda , Isidori Andrea M. , Pivonello Rosario , Salonia Andrea , Minhas Suks , Bettocchi Carlo , Reisman Yacov , Maggi Mario 
Published: July 2024

AbstractContextData supporting successful and satisfactory penile prosthesis (PP) implantation outcomes are mainly based on subjective, rather than objective, analysis.ObjectiveTo systematically review and objectively analyze, all available data related to patient and partner PP satisfaction.Evidence acquisitionAn extensive search was performed, including the following key‐words: (“penile prosthesis” and “satisfaction”). The search, which accrued data from January 1, 1969, up to July 31, 2023, was restricted to English‐language articles including human participants.Evidence synthesisOut of 663 retrieved articles, 83 were considered including, 12,132 subjects with a mean age and mean follow‐up of 58.6 [range 20; 77.1] years and 47.6 [range 6; 374] months, respectively. Overall, a high patient satisfaction rate was observed 83[80; 86]%. The satisfaction rate increased in subjects with three‐piece PP and in those with a higher rate of cardiovascular or neurological diseases and was independent of the patient's age. Partner's satisfaction rate was lower when compared to that observed in men and it increased according to the use of inflatable devices and the presence of patient Peyronie's disease. The long‐term complication rate was limited ranging from 3% for erosion to 4.6% when mechanical failure was considered.ConclusionsPatient and partner satisfaction is excellent and increases with time. The number of complications is limited and is strongly associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus.Patient summaryWe found a high couple satisfaction score that was higher when reported by males compared to females. Patient satisfaction increased with time, and it was independent of age.
SLCO1B1 and ABCG2 genotype‐informed phenotypes are related to variation in ramipril exposure
Authors: Abbes Houwaida , Zubiaur Pablo , Soria‐Chacartegui Paula , de la Torre Tamara , Villapalos‐García Gonzalo , Candau Carmen , Rodríguez‐Lopez Andrea , González‐Iglesias Eva , Aldama Marina , Navares‐Gomez Marcos , Omezzine Asma , Ochoa Dolores , Abad‐Santos Francisco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRamipril is an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor used for hypertension and heart failure management. To date, scarce literature is available on pharmacogenetic associations affecting ramipril. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of 120 genetic variants in 34 pharmacogenes (i.e., genes encoding for enzymes like CYPs or UGTs and transporters like ABC or SLC) on ramipril pharmacokinetic variability and adverse drug reaction (ADR) incidence. Twenty‐nine healthy volunteers who had participated in a single‐dose bioequivalence clinical trial of two formulations of ramipril were recruited. A univariate and multivariate analysis searching for associations between genetic variants and ramipril pharmacokinetics was performed. SLCO1B1 and ABCG2 genotype‐informed phenotypes strongly predicted ramipril exposure. Volunteers with the SLCO1B1 decreased function (DF) phenotype presented around 1.7‐fold higher dose/weight‐corrected area under the curve (AUC/DW) than volunteers with the normal function (NF) phenotype (univariate p‐value [puv] < 0.001, multivariate p‐value [pmv] < 0.001, β = 0.533, R2 = 0.648). Similarly, volunteers with ABCG2 DF + poor function (PF) phenotypes presented around 1.6‐fold higher AUC/DW than those with the NF phenotype (puv = 0.011, pmv < 0.001, β = 0.259, R2 = 0.648). Our results suggest that SLCO1B1 and ABCG2 are important transporters to ramipril pharmacokinetics, and their genetic variation strongly alters its pharmacokinetics. Further studies are required to confirm these associations and their clinical relevance.
Feedback and observational learning differ in effectiveness during category learning in early school aged children and adults
Authors: Li Zhongying , Huang Tengfeng , Seger Carol A. , Liu Zhiya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen learning new categories, do children benefit from the same types of training as adults? We compared the effects of feedback‐based training with observational training in young adults (ages 18–25) and early school aged children (ages 6–7) across two different multimodal category learning tasks: conjunctive rule based and information integration. We used multimodal stimuli that varied across a visual feature (rotation speed of the “planet” stimulus) and an auditory feature (pitch frequency of a pure tone stimulus). We found an interaction between age and training type for the rule‐based category task, such that adults performed better in feedback training than in observational training, whereas training type had no significant effect on children's category learning performance. Overall adults performed better than children in learning both the rule based and information integration category structures. In information integration category learning, feedback versus observational training did not have a significant effect on either adults' or children's category learning. Computational modelling revealed that children defaulted to univariate rules in both tasks. The finding that children do not benefit from feedback training and can learn successfully via observational learning has implications for the design of educational interventions appropriate for children.
Tumor thickness as a novel risk factor for lymph node metastasis by superficial squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck
Authors: Fujii Satoshi , Katada Chikatoshi , Watanabe Hidenobu , Shimoda Tadakazu , Ochiai Atsushi , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Sakamoto Yasutoshi , Kano Koichi , Ichinoe Masaaki , Nemoto Tetsuo , Fujita Masahiro , Tateishi Yoko , Sugiura Hitoshi , Mikami Tetuo , Yano Tomonori , Kato Takakuni , Muto Manabu , Hayashi Ryuichi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNarrow‐band imaging combined with magnified endoscopy has enabled the detection of superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SSCCHN) that has been resected with minimally invasive treatment, preserving vocalization and swallowing functions. However, risk factors of lymph node metastasis (LNM) must be identified, as some patients with LNM have a poor prognosis. From an initial 599 patients with 700 lesions who underwent trans‐oral surgery in 27 Japanese hospitals (a nationwide registration survey), we enrolled 541 patients with 633 SSCCHNs, as indicated by central pathological diagnoses. All pathological specimens for each patient were examined using 20 pathological factors that are thought to affect the LNM of SSCCHN. In all, 24 (4.4%) of the 568 SSCCHNs exhibited LNM, and all 24 had at least one solitary nest of epithelial neoplastic cells present in the stroma, clearly separated from the intraepithelial carcinoma. Multivariate analysis also showed that tumor thickness (p = 0.0132, RR: 7.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54–40.02), and an INFc pattern classified as infiltrating growth (INF) with unclear boundaries between tumor and non‐tumor tissues (p = 0.0003, RR: 14.47, 3.46–60.46), and tumor budding (p = 0.0019, RR: 4.35, CI: 1.72–11.01) were significantly associated with LNM. Solitary nests may be indicative of LNM. In addition, tumor thickness was revealed to be a risk factor for LNM in SSCCHNs using pT factors that do not include an invasion depth element because of the anatomical absence of the muscularis mucosae.
Leveraging binding pose metadynamics to optimise target fishing predictions for three diverse ligands and their true targets
Authors: Yau Mei Qian , Wan Angeline J. , Tiong Aaron S. H. , Yiap Yong Sheng , Loo Jason S. E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractComputational target fishing plays an important role in target identification, particularly in drug discovery campaigns utilizing phenotypic screening. Numerous approaches exist to predict potential targets for a given ligand, but true targets may be inconsistently ranked. More advanced simulation methods may provide benefit in such cases by reranking these initial predictions. We evaluated the ability of binding pose metadynamics to improve the predicted rankings for three diverse ligands and their six true targets. Initial predictions using pharmacophore mapping showed no true targets ranked in the top 50 and two targets each ranked within the 50–100, 100–150, and 250–300 ranges respectively. Following binding pose metadynamics, ranking of true targets improved for four out of the six targets and included the highest ranked predictions overall, while rankings deteriorated for two targets. The revised rankings predicted two true targets ranked within the top 50, and one target each within the 50–100, 100–150, 150–200, and 200–250 ranges respectively. The findings of this study demonstrate that binding pose metadynamics may be of benefit in refining initial predictions from structure‐based target fishing algorithms, thereby improving the efficiency of the target identification process in drug discovery efforts.
Prediction of disease progression in individuals with subjective cognitive decline using brain network analysis
Authors: Deng Simin , Tan Si , Song Xiaojing , Lin Xinyun , Yang Kaize , Li Xiuhong ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to explore potential differences in brain functional networks at baseline between individuals with progressive subjective cognitive decline (P‐SCD) and stable subjective cognitive decline (S‐SCD), as well as to identify potential indicators that can effectively distinguish between P‐SCD and S‐SCD.MethodsAlzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database was utilized to enroll SCD individuals with a follow‐up period of over 3 years. This study included 39 individuals with S‐SCD, 15 individuals with P‐SCD, and 45 cognitively normal (CN) individuals. Brain functional networks were constructed based on the AAL template, and graph theory analysis was performed to determine the topological properties.ResultsFor global metric, the S‐SCD group exhibited stronger small‐worldness with reduced connectivity among nearby nodes and accelerated compensatory information transfer capacity. For nodal efficiency, the S‐SCD group showed increased connectivity in bilateral posterior cingulate gyri (PCG). However, for nodal local efficiency, the P‐SCD group exhibited significantly reduced connectivity in the right cerebellar Crus I compared with the S‐SCD group.ConclusionThere are differences in brain functional networks at baseline between P‐SCD and S‐SCD groups. Furthermore, the right cerebellar Crus I region may be a potentially useful brain area to distinguish between P‐SCD and S‐SCD.
Artificial intelligence in colorectal multidisciplinary team meetings. What are the medicolegal implications?
Authors: Tjhin Yovita , Kewlani Bharti , Singh Harpreet K. S. I. , Pawa Nikhil 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo give an insight into areas for future development and suggestions in the complexities of incorporation of AI into human colorectal cancer (CRC) care while bringing into focus the importance of clinicians' roles in patient care.MethodsExisting literature around AI use in CRC care is reviewed and potential regulatory issues and medicolegal implications around its implementation in CRC multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTs) are identified.ResultsChallenges with patient privacy and confidentiality, patient consent, inequity and bias, patient autonomy, as well as AI system transparency and the liability and accountability issues arising from complications that arise from AI‐aided clinical decisions are important focusses associated with the use of AI in CRC MDTs.ConclusionConsideration of various medicolegal aspects of the use of AI in CRC MDTs is warranted to ensure its safe and smooth incorporation into CRC MDTs. AI function as a clinical decision support system and does not replace professional expertise.
Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients With COVID‐19 and Their Association With the Progression to Critical Illness and Death: A Single‐Center Retrospective Study From Northwestern Mexico
Authors: Martínez‐Villa Francisco A. , Angulo‐Zamudio Uriel A. , Leon‐Sicairos Nidia , González‐Esparza Ricardo , Sanchez‐Cuen Jaime , Martinez‐Garcia Jesus J. , Flores‐Villaseñor Hector , Medina‐Serrano Julio , Canizalez‐Roman Adrian 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study was to associate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 with the progression to critical illness and death in northwestern Mexico.MethodsFrom March to October 2020, we collected the demographic and clinical characteristics of 464 hospitalized patients from northwestern Mexico.ResultsSixty‐four percent (295/464) of the patients became critically ill. Age, occupation, steroid and antibiotic use at previous hospitalization, and underlying diseases (hypertension, obesity, and chronic kidney disease) were associated with critical illness or death (p: < 0.05). No symptoms were associated with critical illness. However, the parameters such as the heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and diastolic pressure and the laboratory parameters such as the glucose, creatinine, white line cells, hemoglobin, D‐dimer, and C‐reactive protein, among others, were associated with critical illness (p: < 0.05). Finally, advanced age, previous hospital treatment, and the presence of one or more underlying diseases were associated with critical illness and death (p: < 0.02).ConclusionsSeveral epidemiological (e.g., age and occupation) and clinical factors (e.g., previous treatment, underlying diseases, and vital signs and laboratory parameters) were associated with critical illness and death in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. These data provide us with possible markers to avoid critical illness or death from COVID‐19 in our region.
Enfortumab vedotin‐induced cutaneous eruption: Ring mitotic figures as a distinctive histopathologic feature
Authors: Sport Catherine , Clawson Rebecca C. , Tisdale Lauren E. , Melson John W. , Mochel Mark C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnfortumab vedotin (EV), a nectin‐4‐binding agent that affects microtubules, has become standard therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. The agent, now given in combination with pembrolizumab, frequently induces cutaneous reactions. Here, we report a severe EV‐induced cutaneous eruption. A 58‐year‐old woman with metastatic urothelial carcinoma developed a rash after receiving simultaneous first doses of EV and pembrolizumab. The eruption began on the flank and spread to involve her trunk and extremities with prominent involvement of folds, including the axillae and medial thighs. Skin biopsy revealed extensive vacuolar alteration of the basal epidermis and numerous epidermal keratinocytic mitotic figures, often suprabasilar, including ring and “starburst” forms. The findings supported a diagnosis of EV‐induced eruption. With EV cessation and systemic corticosteroids, the rash resolved over a few weeks. Pembrolizumab was restarted as monotherapy, and the patient's cancer showed a significant radiographic treatment response at 3 months. An emerging literature of small series and case reports, largely from oncologic literature, presents the histopathology of EV‐induced cutaneous eruption as a vacuolar interface dermatitis with the inconsistently reported feature of arrested mitotic figures. This case study demonstrates distinctive clinical and histopathologic features of EV‐induced eruption, which may inform dermatologic and oncologic management.
Oncocytic/Hürthle cell lesions have the same implied risk of neoplasm/malignancy as their follicular counterparts
Authors: Lin Diana , Hanna C. Alexandra , Frost Andra , Wrenn Allison , Eltoum Isam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere are conflicting results on whether the presence of oncocytes modifies the risk of neoplasm (RON) or malignancy (ROM) for thyroid fine‐needle aspirates (FNAs): Atypia of undetermined significance AUS and Follicular Neoplasm, FN, or Oncocytic Neoplasm, ON. To our knowledge, the effect of non‐invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) has not yet been studied. We compared RON and ROM between follicular type AUS (AUS‐FT) and oncocytic type AUS (AUS‐OT) and between FN and ON.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed all thyroid FNAs with the diagnostic category of AUS‐other or Neoplasm (2005–2015). AUS‐FT had predominance of microfollicles and AUS‐OT had predominance of oncocytes. Histology follow‐up was then reviewed and RON, ROM was then calculated and compared (significant at p < 0.05). We repeated the search for 2018 to evaluate for NIFTP effect.ResultsPre‐NIFTP, 859/5063 cases (17%) were AUS‐FT, AUS‐OT, FN, and ON. Histology follow‐up was available for 297 cases (35%). RON was 83/183 (45%) for AUS‐FT, 35/76 (46%) for AUS‐OT, 15/25 (60%) for FN and 11/13 (85%) for ON. Post‐NIFTP, RON was 11/31 (35%) for AUS‐FT, 5/8 (63%) for AUS‐OT, 1/2 (50%) for FN and 4/5 (80%) for ON. For both periods, RON, ROM of AUS‐FT was not significantly different than AUS‐OT, and no significant differences were observed comparing FN and ON.ConclusionThe predominance of oncocytes does not modify the implied RON, ROM for categories of AUS or FN\ON, even after the adoption of NIFTP.
Neural oscillations suggest periodicity encoding during auditory beat processing in the premature brain
Authors: Edalati Mohammadreza , Wallois Fabrice , Ghostine Ghida , Kongolo Guy , Trainor Laurel J. , Moghimi Sahar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen exposed to rhythmic patterns with temporal regularity, adults exhibit an inherent ability to extract and anticipate an underlying sequence of regularly spaced beats, which is internally constructed, as beats are experienced even when no events occur at beat positions (e.g., in the case of rests). Perception of rhythm and synchronization to periodicity is indispensable for development of cognitive functions, social interaction, and adaptive behavior. We evaluated neural oscillatory activity in premature newborns (n = 19, mean age, 32 ± 2.59 weeks gestational age) during exposure to an auditory rhythmic sequence, aiming to identify early traces of periodicity encoding and rhythm processing through entrainment of neural oscillations at this stage of neurodevelopment. The rhythmic sequence elicited a systematic modulation of alpha power, synchronized to expected beat locations coinciding with both tones and rests, and independent of whether the beat was preceded by tone or rest. In addition, the periodic alpha‐band fluctuations reached maximal power slightly before the corresponding beat onset times. Together, our results show neural encoding of periodicity in the premature brain involving neural oscillations in the alpha range that are much faster than the beat tempo, through alignment of alpha power to the beat tempo, consistent with observations in adults on predictive processing of temporal regularities in auditory rhythms.Research Highlights
In response to the presented rhythmic pattern, systematic modulations of alpha power showed that the premature brain extracted the temporal regularity of the underlying beat.
In contrast to evoked potentials, which are greatly reduced when there is no sounds event, the modulation of alpha power occurred for beats coinciding with both tones and rests in a predictive way.
The findings provide the first evidence for the neural coding of periodicity in auditory rhythm perception before the age of term.