bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El tratamiento del orden de palabras en algunas gramáticas españoles de los siglos XIX y XX
Authors: Casielles Eugenia 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis paper examines the treatment of word order in some of the most influential grammars of Spanish from the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, with special attention given to the interpretation they offer of displaced elements, particularly subjects and objects. Although there was not much in the grammatical tradition about this topic that these authors could build upon, a careful reading of their works reveals an awareness of the difficulties involved in explaining word order variation. Furthermore, we find very valuable suggestions regarding the topical nature of some displacements, and the emphatic or focal interpretation of others.RésuméDans cet article, on examine de quelle manière les plus influentes grammaires espagnoles de la fin du XIXe et du début du XXe siècle traitaient de la question de l’ordre des mots, accordant une attention particulière à l’interprétation offerte des éléments disloqués, surtout les sujets et les compléments d’objet. Bien qu’il n’y avait pas grand-chose dans la tradition grammaticale d’alors qui pouvait servir de base aux auteurs, une lecture attentive de leurs oeuvres montre qu’on avait conscience des difficultés liées à l’explication de la variation dans l’ordre des mots. De plus, on trouve sur ces dislocations de précieuses suggestions quant à la nature ‘topicalisée’ des unes et la nature emphatique ou ‘focalisée’ des autres.ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht die Behandlung der Wortstellung in den einflußreichsten Grammtiken des Spanischen aus dem 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Erklärungen, die sie für sog. versetzbare Elemente anbieten, insbesondere, was Subjekt und Objekt angeht. Obgleich es kaum eine grammatische Tradition gab, auf der diese Autoren sich hätten stützen können, fördert eine sorgfältige Lektüre ihrer Werke doch ein Bewußtsein der Probleme zutage, die beim Erklären der Wortstellungsvariation auftreten. Darüberhinaus finden sich in ihnen auch eine Reihe wertvoller Vorschläge bezüglich der herausstellenden Natur solcher versetzbarer Elemente sowie der emphatischen und fokussierenden Auslegung anderer.
Die linguistische Erfassung des Hebräischen, Chinesischen und Finnischen am Beginn der Neuzeit: Eine vergleichende Studie zur frühen Rezeption nicht-indogermanischer Sprachen in der traditionellen Grammatik
Authors: Klein Wolf Peter 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARY The paper examines the problem how non Indo-European languages were described in 16th and 17th century linguistics by investigating in some detail early descriptions of Hebrew, Chinese and Finnish. Special attention is paid to the question of how the typological characteristics of these languages were understood and described within the framework of traditional grammar. It is shown that traditional grammar, along with the associated manner of grammatical thinking, influenced the description of foreign languages in various ways. At the same time it becomes clear how the observation of such ‘exotic’ languages contributed to our knowledge of language as such, and to the enrichment of traditional grammatical terminology, in as much as terms had to be found for linguistic phenomena which had previously remained undescribed.RÉSUMÉ L’ article traite de la question du traitement, par la linguistique du XVIe et XVIIe siècle, des langues non-indo-européens. L’auteur examine en particulier les descriptions linguistiques de l’Hébreu, du Chinois et du Finnois. Ce qui est particulièrement intéressant, c’est de répondre à la question de savoir si, oui ou non, les specificités de ces langues ont été comprises et décrites dans le cadre de la tradition grammaticale. On peut ainsi constater que la grammaire traditionelle et par conséquent la pensée traditionelle ont influencé de manières différentes le recensement et la description des langues étrangères. Ce qui devient également clair, c’est que la perception des langues étrangères a contribué à l’augmentation du savoir linguistique et à l’enrichissement de la terminologie grammaticale traditionelle, parce qu’on a dû trouver des mots pour décrire des traits langagiers pour lesquels on ne disposait pas encore de termes techniques à l’époque.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Aufsatz setzt sich mit der Problematik auseinander, wie in der früh-neuzeitlichen Sprachwissenschaft nicht-indoeuropäische Sprachen erfasst wurden. Im einzelnen werden die frühen linguistischen Darstellungen des Hebräischen, Chinesischen und Finnischen untersucht. Von besonderem Interesse ist dabei die Klärung der Frage, ob und, wenn ja, auf welche Art und Weise die jeweiligen typologischen Spezifika dieser Sprachen im Rahmen der grammatischen Überlieferung begriffen und dargestellt wurden. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die traditionelle Grammatik und das damit verbundene Denken die Erfassung und Deskription der fremden Sprachen in unterschiedlichen Formen beeinflusst haben. Ebenso wird deutlich, wie die Wahrnehmung der fremden Sprachen zum Zuwachs des linguistischen Wissens beigetragen hat und zum Ausbau der traditionellen grammatischen Terminologie führte, da sprachliche Eigenschaften in Worte gefasst werden mussten, für die bis dato keine Fachwörter existierten.
Genealogies of Articulatory Settings: Genealogies of an idea
Authors: Jenner Bryan 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARY The term ‘articulatory setting’ first appeared in English phonetic literature in a much-cited article by Beatrice Honikman (1964). The link between this term and a set of synonyms used by a range of 19th century European scholars was amply demonstrated by Laver (1978). By examining a few of the many sources available, this article seeks to show, as Laver’s article did not, that the phenomenon that Honikman discusses has been almost continuously present in German phonetic literature from Sievers (1876) onward, and that British scholars in the 20th century failed to take account of this. As a result, the concept was entirely absent from British phonetic literature from about 1909 until 1964. Against this background the article also seeks to establish possible direct sources for Honikman’s ideas.RÉSUMÉ L’expression ‘articulatory setting’ est d’abord apparu dans les écrits traitant de phonétique anglaise dans un article fréquemment cité de Beatrice Honikman (1964). Laver (1978) a très bien démontré l’existence d’un lien entre cette expression et un jeu de synonymes utilisés par un grand nombre de chercheurs du XIXe siècle. En examinant quelques-unes des nombreuses sources disponibles, cet article cherche à montrer ce que l’article de Laver n’a pas montré, à savoir, que le phénomène dont traite Honikman a presque toujours été présent dans les écrits allemands traitant de phonétique depuis l’époque de Sievers (1876), et que les chercheurs britanniques du XXe siècle ont négligé de prendre ce fait en considération. Par conséquent, le concept était inexistant dans les écrits britanniques traitant de phonétique, de 1909 (environ) jusqu’à 1964. Sur ce fond, l’article cherche également à trouver de possibles sources directes pour les idées de Honikman.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Begriff ‘articulatory setting’ kommt in der Englischen phonetischen Literatur zum ersten Mal in einem vielzitierten Aufsatz von Beatrice Honikman (1964) vor. Auf die Verbindung zwischen diesem Terminus und einer Anzahl von Synonymen bei mehreren kontinental-europäischen Wissenschaftlern des 19. Jahrhunderts hat Laver (1978) ausführlich hingewiesen. Über Lavers Arbeit hinausgehend, zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag unter Heranziehung einer Auswahl von Quellen, dass das von Honikman beschriebene Phänomen in der deutschen phonetischen Literatur seit Sievers (1876) praktisch durchgängig vertreten war, was die Britische Phonetik des 20. Jahrhunderts jedoch nicht zur Kenntnis nahm. Dies bedeutet, dass das Konzept in der Britischen Literatur zur Phonetik zwischen 1909 und 1964 nicht vorkommt. Vor diesem Hintergrund versucht die vorliegende Arbeit auch mögliche direkte Quellen für Honikmans Ideen zu identifizieren.
Imaginative Science
Authors: Atherton Mark 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis article traces the interactions between the philologist and applied linguist Henry Sweet (1845–1912) and the anthropologist and evolutionist E. B. Tylor (1832–1917). Tylor was impressed by Sweet’s uniformitarian views on phonetic synthesis and word-division: that phonetic and grammatical processes observable in the present could be used to explain grammatical formation and inflection in the past. Conversely, Sweet’s views on language and its origins owe much to Tylor’sintellectualismand hisdoctrine of survivals. According to Tylor, ‘primitive man’ employed rational thought in his attempts to make intellectual sense of the world and its phenomena. In expressions such as ‘the sun rises’, vestiges of this primitive thought and animism then survive in the lexis and syntax of later, modern languages. Sweet used Tylorian material in his language textbooks, and the intellectualist theory was taken up by literary critics in the 1880s, e.g., in the Shelley Society — of which Sweet was a founding member, in order to explore the roots of poetic metaphor and figurative language as used in modern English poetry.
Ernest Renan (1823–1892)
Authors: Leopold Joan 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis article, a successor to the author’s 2002 “Steinthal and Max Müller: Comparative Lives”, attempts to situate the Semiticist and ‘Orientalist’ Ernest Renan in a nexus between the poles represented by Heymann Steinthal (1823–1899) and Friedrich Max Müller (1823–1900). Renan can be viewed as wavering — in the 1840s through 1860s — between (and perhaps developing from) a natural scientific and linguistic orientation influenced by Humboldtians such as August Friedrich Pott (1802–1887) and the Völkerpsychologist Steinthal and a racial ideology in linguistics similar to that of the more historicist linguist Max Müller. Max Müller had a similar set of influences in Paris to Renan in this period, such as their common amateur mentor Baron Ferdinand von Eckstein (1790–1861) and Collège de France professor Eugène Burnouf (1801–1852). But a crucial hypothesis relates to how much Renan was influenced in his change to racial ideology by the advent of the 1848 Revolution. The author explains how this hypothesis can be tested by specific further research into the manuscript of Renan’s 1847 Prix Volney prizewinning essay.
Capturing Migration Phenology of Terrestrial Wildlife Using Camera Traps
Authors: Tape Ken D. , Gustine David D. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Remote photography, using camera traps, can be an effective and noninvasive tool for capturing the migration phenology of terrestrial wildlife. We deployed 14 digital cameras along a 104-kilometer longitudinal transect to record the spring migrations of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and ptarmigan (Lagopus spp.) in the Alaskan Arctic. The cameras recorded images at 15-minute intervals, producing approximately 40,000 images, including 6685 caribou observations and 5329 ptarmigan observations. The northward caribou migration was evident because the median caribou observation (i.e., herd median) occurred later with increasing latitude; average caribou migration speed also increased with latitude (r2 = .91). Except at the northernmost latitude, a northward ptarmigan migration was similarly evident (r2 = .93). Future applications of this method could be used to examine the conditions proximate to animal movement, such as habitat or snow cover, that may influence migration phenology.
Contemporary fisheries stock assessment: many issues still remain
Authors: Maunder Mark N. , Piner Kevin R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractInterpretation of data used in fisheries assessment and management requires knowledge of population (e.g. growth, natural mortality, and recruitment), fisheries (e.g. selectivity), and sampling processes. Without this knowledge, assumptions need to be made, either implicitly or explicitly based on the methods used. Incorrect assumptions can have a substantial impact on stock assessment results and management advice. Unfortunately, there is a lack of understanding of these processes for most, if not all, stocks and even for processes that have traditionally been assumed to be well understood (e.g. growth and selectivity). We use information content of typical fisheries data that is informative about absolute abundance to illustrate some of the main issues in fisheries stock assessment. We concentrate on information about absolute abundance from indices of relative abundance combined with catch, and age and length-composition data and how the information depends on knowledge of population, fishing, and sampling processes. We also illustrate two recently developed diagnostic methods that can be used to evaluate the absolute abundance information content of the data. Finally, we discuss some of the reasons for the slowness of progress in fisheries stock assessment.
Genetic drift opposes mutualism during spatial population expansion
Authors: Müller Melanie J. I. , Neugeboren Beverly I. , Nelson David R. , Murray Andrew W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMutualistic interactions benefit both partners, promoting coexistence and genetic diversity. Spatial structure can promote cooperation, but spatial expansions may also make it hard for mutualistic partners to stay together, since genetic drift at the expansion front creates regions of low genetic and species diversity. To explore the antagonism between mutualism and genetic drift, we grew cross-feeding strains of the budding yeast S. cerevisiae on agar surfaces as a model for mutualists undergoing spatial expansions. By supplying varying amounts of the exchanged nutrients, we tuned strength and symmetry of the mutualistic interaction. Strong mutualism suppresses genetic demixing during spatial expansions and thereby maintains diversity, but weak or asymmetric mutualism is overwhelmed by genetic drift even when mutualism is still beneficial, slowing growth and reducing diversity. Theoretical modeling using experimentally measured parameters predicts the size of demixed regions and how strong mutualism must be to survive a spatial expansion.
Reduction of Gibberellin by Low Temperature Disrupts Pollen Development in Rice
Authors: Sakata Tadashi , Oda Susumu , Tsunaga Yuta , Shomura Hikaru , Kawagishi-Kobayashi Makiko , Aya Koichiro , Saeki Kenichi , Endo Takashi , Nagano Kuniaki , Kojima Mikiko , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Watanabe Masao , Matsuoka Makoto , Higashitani Atsushi 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Microsporogenesis in rice (Oryza sativa) plants is susceptible to moderate low temperature (LT; approximately 19°C) that disrupts pollen development and causes severe reductions in grain yields. Although considerable research has been invested in the study of cool-temperature injury, a full understanding of the molecular mechanism has not been achieved. Here, we show that endogenous levels of the bioactive gibberellins (GAs) GA4 and GA7, and expression levels of the GA biosynthesis genes GA20ox3 and GA3ox1, decrease in the developing anthers by exposure to LT. By contrast, the levels of precursor GA12 were higher in response to LT. In addition, the expression of the dehydration-responsive element-binding protein DREB2B and SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1)/DELLA was up-regulated in response to LT. Mutants involved in GA biosynthetic and response pathways were hypersensitive to LT stress, including the semidwarf mutants sd1 and d35, the gain-of-function mutant slr1-d, and gibberellin insensitive dwarf1. The reduction in the number of sporogenous cells and the abnormal enlargement of tapetal cells occurred most severely in the GA-insensitive mutant. Application of exogenous GA significantly reversed the male sterility caused by LT, and simultaneous application of exogenous GA with sucrose substantially improved the extent of normal pollen development. Modern rice varieties carrying the sd1 mutation are widely cultivated, and the sd1 mutation is considered one of the greatest achievements of the Green Revolution. The protective strategy achieved by our work may help sustain steady yields of rice under global climate change.
Resource-based competition: three schools of thought and thirteen criticisms
Authors: El Shafeey Tarek , Trott Paul 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The field of research on resource-based competition is full of nuanced terminology and misunderstandings. This has led to confusion, and thus the authors offer a critical review, which provides a structure and clarity to this subject. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This analysis structures the literature on resources, capabilities, and competences into three distinct schools of thought: the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, the rational-equilibrium school; the dynamic capability-based view of the firm, the behavioural-evolutionary school; and the competence-based view of the firm, the social constructionist school.Findings– The authors uncover 13 criticisms of the most widely adopted theoretical framework of the RBV of the firm – Valuable-Rare-Imperfectly imitable-Organisation (VRIO).Research limitations/implications– The misinterpretation and neglect of the classic scholarly work may help to explain why the VRIO framework has been elevated from a view to a theory and why it has received so much attention.Practical implications– The authors show how the relative ease of measuring resources as compared to (dynamic) capabilities and (core) competencies has helped raise the profile of RBV.Originality/value– This analysis contributes to management research by illustrating the deviation among the three schools of thought; the authors show how this has contributed to wide terminological confusion and offer a structure to help researchers situate their work within the relevant school of thought.
R&D-marketing integration in innovation – does culture matter?
Authors: Fain Nusa , Wagner Beverly 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– This paper takes an exploratory approach towards understanding the applicability of established theoretical frameworks for cross-functional integration in different global environments. In particular, the role of culture is considered as its impact on organizations may affect the ability to create a global generic model for cross-functional integration in product development. In order to achieve this aim, the paper will explore two cases from different cultural environments, namely that of Slovenia and the UK.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors compare two different companies, based on their case profile and cultural background. Both are heavy engineering companies involved in product development, one originating in the developing economy of Slovenia, the other from the developed UK economy. The authors have employed a mix methodology, including literature and documentation analysis, questionnaire surveys and interviews.

Findings
– Combining organizational climate and consequently informal cooperation with formal organizational schemes, when allowing moderate levels of authority, can be beneficial for NPD success and R&D-marketing integration. These findings confirm the theoretical principles of Gupta et al., but are to some extent actually directly connected to NPD success, rather than to the R&D-marketing interface. The framework might be valid when exploring a large sample of companies at national levels, but needs further specifications and expansion when employed in a single case company. Furthermore, the two studied cases show that special care needs to be placed on taking account of cultural differences, when employing NPD in different locations/international business units.

Originality/value
– The paper presents a case comparison of cross-functional integration in two different cultural contexts. From this exploratory research, the main contribution highlights the key role of cultural context in developing effective cross-functional interfaces in product development.
Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)
Authors: F. Hair Jr Joe , Sarstedt Marko , Hopkins Lucas , G. Kuppelwieser Volker 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The authors aim to present partial least squares (PLS) as an evolving approach to structural equation modeling (SEM), highlight its advantages and limitations and provide an overview of recent research on the method across various fields.Design/methodology/approach– In this review article, the authors merge literatures from the marketing, management, and management information systems fields to present the state-of-the art of PLS-SEM research. Furthermore, the authors meta-analyze recent review studies to shed light on popular reasons for PLS-SEM usage.Findings– PLS-SEM has experienced increasing dissemination in a variety of fields in recent years with nonnormal data, small sample sizes and the use of formative indicators being the most prominent reasons for its application. Recent methodological research has extended PLS-SEM's methodological toolbox to accommodate more complex model structures or handle data inadequacies such as heterogeneity.Research limitations/implications– While research on the PLS-SEM method has gained momentum during the last decade, there are ample research opportunities on subjects such as mediation or multigroup analysis, which warrant further attention.Originality/value– This article provides an introduction to PLS-SEM for researchers that have not yet been exposed to the method. The article is the first to meta-analyze reasons for PLS-SEM usage across the marketing, management, and management information systems fields. The cross-disciplinary review of recent research on the PLS-SEM method also makes this article useful for researchers interested in advanced concepts.
OpenMp solvers for parallel finite element and meshless analyses
Authors: Ju S.H. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– This paper develops C++ and Fortran-90 solvers to establish parallel solution procedures in a finite element or meshless analysis program using shared memory computers. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The stiffness matrix can be symmetrical or unsymmetrical, and the solution schemes include sky-line Cholesky and parallel preconditioned conjugate gradient-like methods.

Findings
– By using the features of C++ or Fortran-90, the stiffness matrix and its auxiliary arrays can be encapsulated into a class or module as private arrays. This class or module will handle how to allocate, renumber, assemble, parallelize and solve these complicated arrays automatically.

Practical implications
– The source codes can be obtained online at http//myweb.ncku.edu.tw/∼juju. The major advantage of the scheme is that it is simple and systematic, so an efficient parallel finite element or meshless program can be established easily.

Originality/value
– With the minimum requirement of computer memory, an object-oriented C++ class and a Fortran-90 module were established to allocate, renumber, assemble, parallel, and solve the global stiffness matrix, so that the programmer does not need to handle them directly.