bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crime against women in India: district-level risk estimation using the small area estimation approach
Authors: Pooja B. S. , Guddattu Vasudeva , Rao K. Aruna 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe global prevalence of crimes against women has made it an enduring public health challenge that has persisted over time. The achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) is intricately tied to the actions taken to prevent these crimes as their repercussions directly affect progress across various SDGs. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive examination of the prevalence of crimes against women across districts and states in India, analyzing changes from 2020 to 2022, and subsequently identifying associated factors.MethodsThe study is an ecological analysis conducted across all districts of India using the data on crimes against women for the period 2020 and 2022 obtained from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) of India. A small area estimation method was used to obtain district-level relative risks of crime against women for both periods. Hotspot analysis was carried out to identify the current hotspots and coldspots. Further spatial regression was used to identify the factors associated with crimes against women in the year 2022.ResultsThe results indicated a rise in the reported crime against women cases between 2020 and 2022. The rate of crimes against women at the national level was found to be 57 in the year 2020, whereas, in 2022, it increased to 67. The highest crime rate in the year 2022 was found to be 145 in Delhi, while Nagaland had the lowest crime rate of 5. The relative risk of crime against women varied from 0.046 to 4.68 in 2020, while in 2022, it spanned from 0.02 to 6.10. Significant hotspots were found in parts of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Telangana, and Odisha. The results of the spatial error regression model showed that the sex ratio and the population density of the district have significant associations with the occurrence of crimes against women.ConclusionThe rise in the incidence of crime against women emphasizes the importance of tackling the spatial inequality in relative risk across Indian districts. By thoughtfully addressing this variation and conducting targeted studies in high-risk areas, we can enhance our understanding of the obstacles to implementing effective measures against violence targeting women.
Giving insights into an ICF training: evaluation of an in-person interactive ICF training in Germany
Authors: Kirschneck Michaela , Kus Sandra , Coenen Michaela 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThe World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in 2001. The classification provides a framework for the standardised description of functioning and disability using health and health-related domains. The implementation of the ICF is diverse and has a wide range of applications. A thorough understanding of the ICF classification is essential for successful implementation. We developed and delivered an in-person interactive ICF training to facilitate the implementation of the ICF in Germany. The aim of this paper is to present the evaluation of this in-person interactive ICF training.MethodsThe evaluation was conducted with questionnaires assessing the organisation of the workshops and the knowledge gained during the training using Likert scaled questions. Open-ended questions were used to gather feedback on the further development of the ICF training. Data were analysed descriptively using absolute and relative frequencies. Open-ended questions were analysed qualitatively.ResultsBetween 2017 and mid-2020, a team of trainers at the Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research (IBE) at LMU Munich organised 12 in-person interactive ICF trainings with a total of 191 participants. In total 151 participants filled in the questionnaires (response rate: 79.1%). The participants` professional backgrounds were primarily in the social sector (n = 76; 50.3%), clinical sector (n = 36; 23.8%), and administrative sector (n = 31; 20.5%). 42.4% of the participants strongly agreed that the content was relevant to their work, while an additional 51.0% almost agreed. According to this evaluation, 82.1% of the participants would recommend the training to others.DiscussionA number of constructive suggestions and proposals were made for the further development of the training programme. These mainly related to the content of the training, such as the themes of children and youth and integration assistance.
Challenging assumptions: “unveiling meritocracy’s reality in neurosurgery”
Authors: Encarnacion Ramirez Manuel De Jesus , Peralta Baez Ismael Antonio , Reyes Soto Gervith , Ntalaja Mukengeshay Jeff , tshiunza Cherubin mpoyi , Rosario Andreina Rosario , Vladimir Nikolaevich Nikolenko , Nurmukhametov Renat , Kannan Siddarth , Simfukwe Keith , Duchén Rodríguez Luis Miguel , Chmutin Gennady , Chmutin Egor , Sufianov Albert , Soriano Sanchez Jose Antonio , Demetriades Andreas K. , Baldoncini Matias , Campero Alvaro , Piavchenko Gennadii , Montes de Oca Juan Carlos Roa , Kalangu Kazadi Kelvin , Jenkins Alistair , Lafuente Jesus 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionMeritocracy, a concept revered as the cornerstone of fairness and equal opportunity, is critically examined in the context of neurosurgery. This article challenges the notion that success in this demanding field is solely determined by individual abilities and effort. It reveals that factors such as background, gender, and socioeconomic status significantly influence one's career trajectory. By investigating how these systemic barriers impact admissions to neurosurgical training programs and professional advancement, the paper underscores the complexity of meritocracy in neurosurgery, suggesting that the meritocratic ideal is more nuanced and influenced by external variables than commonly believed.ResultsCertain universities deemed elite offer a curriculum divergent from that of their counterparts in low and middle-income countries. Students at these “elite” institutions gain exposure to new technologies and research incentives, which brings us to the realm of research. Remarkably, 75% of articles originating from developed nations account for just 25% of traumatic brain injury cases. This disparity highlights a significant research imbalance, and the common refrain underscores the need to bolster research capabilities in low-income countries. For neurosurgeons in the developing world, engaging in research often becomes a luxury due to multifaceted challenges. Financial barriers, including publication costs and paywalls for accessing articles, pose significant hurdles. Comparing salaries between countries underscores the glaring divide according to “Neurosurgeon Salary” in 2024. Neurosurgeons in the United States receive a median salary of $412,000 dollars per year, compared to $13,200 dollars in Latin America, as of June 2023. Given such incongruities, the prospect of even attending conferences or workshops abroad remains difficult for neurosurgeons from developing nations. Research isn't cast aside due to a lack of interest but due to resource limitations. The present landscape demands reconsideration.ConclusionWe underscore the journey towards a more inclusive and equitable future in neurosurgery as not just a goal, but a dynamic process fuelled by resilience, collaboration, and a commitment to diversity. The narrative promotes a collective endeavour to dismantle barriers and embrace innovation, emphasizing the importance of mentorship, cross-institutional collaboration, and the amplification of underrepresented voices.
Chronic Fructose and Sucrose Intake and 24-Hour Urine Composition
Authors: Prochaska Megan , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Taylor Eric , Curhan Gary 
Published: July 2024

Key Points

Higher dietary intakes of fructose and sucrose are associated with lower 24-hour urine calcium.Higher dietary intakes of fructose and sucrose are associated with other modest changes in 24-hour urine composition.

Background
Consumption of sugar, including fructose and sucrose, is associated with higher risk of kidney stones. The association is believed to be because of an acute rise in urine calcium after sugar intake. However, the association between chronic sugar intake and urine composition is not known.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of dietary intake from a food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour urine collections from 6457 kidney stone- and non–stone-former participants from the Nurses' Health Study I (1,297), Nurses' Health Study II (4,053), and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1,107). We used multivariate adjusted linear regression to examine the association between long-term intake of free fructose, total fructose, and sucrose and 24-hour urine composition.

Results
Higher free and total fructose and sucrose intakes were each associated with lower 24-hour urine calcium. Comparing the highest versus lowest quintiles, mean urine calcium was 23 (31–15) mg/d lower for free fructose (P-trend <0.001), 26 (34–18) mg/d for total fructose (P-trend <0.001), and 8 (17–1) mg/d for sucrose (P-trend 0.03). Higher total fructose intake was associated with slightly higher calcium phosphate supersaturation (P-trend 0.002), and higher sucrose intake was associated with higher calcium oxalate (P-trend 0.03) and calcium phosphate (P-trend <0.001) supersaturations. Differences in 24-hour urine calcium were similar between kidney stone- and non–stone-former participants.

Conclusions
In contrast to the acute rise in urine calcium previously seen in short-term studies, higher long-term intake of free and total fructose and sucrose was associated with lower 24-hour urine calcium excretion in those with and without a history of kidney stones. Other modest differences in urine composition were noted for each sugar. Future studies should test potential mechanisms for the observed lower 24-hour urine calcium with chronic sugar intake.
Análise de terapias utilizadas no manejo da Síndrome de Sjogren: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Ribeiro João Vítor Giovannini Sad , Barbosa João Vitor Jatobá , Melo Júlia Brunetti Teles de , Miguez Laura Drummond de Moura , Campos Maria Elisa da Silva 
Published: July 2024

Introdução: A Síndrome de Sjögren é uma doença imunomediada, inflamatória e crônica, que tem evolução lenta e progressiva, e acomete as glândulas exócrinas e outros tecidos epiteliais devido a infiltrado linfocitário focal. Acomete principalmente mulheres entre 50 e 60 anos e os sintomas mais frequentes são secura, fadiga e dor crônica não inflamatória, que podem ser associados a manifestações sistêmicas. Objetivo: Avaliar algumas formas de tratamento da Síndrome de Sjögren, com seus benefícios e limitações, além de realizar considerações sobre o cenário geral da doença. Metodologia: Para a confecção desta revisão integrativa, foram realizadas pesquisas nas bases de dados MedLine, SciELO e Lilacs. Como critérios de inclusão foram aceitos artigos publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol e publicados a partir de 2019 até 2024, foram selecionados oito artigos para compor o quadro de resultados. Resultados: Os estudos analisados mostraram melhores índices nos testes de secura ocular com a associação de terapias, como a utilização de soro autólogo em conjunto com ciclosporina. Além disso, outros medicamentos como telitacicept, hidroxicloroquina e pilocarpina e anticorpos monoclonais, como rituximabe, belimumabe, ianalumabe e tocilizumabe evidenciaram variações clínicas individuais da evolução e de prognóstico. Conclusão: As terapias estudadas atualmente apresentam também desvantagens e, por isso, é de suma importância que estudos relativos aos tratamentos dessa doença continuem sendo produzidos, para que haja gradativamente mais evidências de qualidade que possam auxiliar a prática clínica e a tomada de decisão dos médicos, contribuindo para o bem-estar dos pacientes.
Non-Surgical Treatment of Chronic Primary Low Back Pain in Adults in Primary Health Care Settings (According to the World Health Organization)
Authors: Масько М.В. 
Published: July 2024

Боль в нижней части спины является одной из самых актуальных проблем здравоохранения, что обусловлено ее чрезвычайной распространенностью и влиянием на трудоспособность, а также связанными с ней социально-экономическими аспектами. Однако только сейчас Всемирной организацией здравоохранения было разработано руководство, в котором рассматривается лечение хронической боли в нижней части спины у взрослых с точки зрения глобального общественного здравоохранения, учитывающего всеобщий охват услугами здравоохранения и различные уровни экономического развития в разных странах. В руководстве рассматриваются 37 вмешательств в пяти различных классах: образование, физические вмешательства, психологические вмешательства, медикаменты, многокомпонентное вмешательство. В результате вынесены 24 рекомендации, одно заявление о надлежащей практике. По 12 вмешательствам не было дано никаких рекомендаций. В данной статье рассмотрены основные разделы руководства, приведены рекомендации и замечания к ним, проведено сопоставление с документами, регламентирующими оказание медицинской помощи в Республике Беларусь.
Low back pain is one of the most pressing health problems, due to its extreme prevalence and impact on working capacity, as well as related socio-economic aspects. However, it is only now the World Health Organization has developed a guideline that examines the treatment of chronic low back pain in adults from a global public health perspective, taking into account universal health coverage and different levels of economic development in different countries. The guide covers 37 interventions in five different classes: education, physical interventions, psychological interventions, medications, and multicomponent intervention. As a result, 24 recommendations and one statement of good practice were made. No recommendations were given for 12 interventions. This article discusses the main sections of the guideline, provides recommendations and comments on them, and compares them with documents regulating the provision of medical care in the Republic of Belarus.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT SINGKONG UNTUK REDUKSI KADAR FORMALIN IKAN ASIN TERI GUNDUL PADA BERBAGAI VARIASI WAKTU PERENDAMAN
Authors: Sekar Kinasih Galuh , Handayani Burhan Amelia , Nurhaeni Farisya , Puspito Rini Yuli 
Published: July 2024

Keamanan pangan yang ada dimasyarakat relatif rendah, banyak ditemukannya produk makanan yang mengandung zat berbahaya seperti ikan asin berformalin di Kota Yogyakarta. Ikan asin teri merupakan bahan standar utama pada pembuatan nasi kucing angkringan yang menjadi kuliner khas Kota Yogyakarta. Kondisi ini berpotensi bahaya bagi kesehatan. Salah satu cara menurunkan bahaya adalah dengan memanfaatkan kandungan saponin yang ada dalam kulit singkong. Selama ini, kulit singkong hanya dianggap sebagai sampah dan pakan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kemampuan limbah kulit singkong dalam mereduksi kadar formalin. Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan desain Posttest Only Control Group Design. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu 25 ikan asin teri gundul yang diperoleh dari Pasar Tradisional Kota Yogyakarta dengan metode accidental sampling. Sampel ini di uji menggunakan ET-Test Kit Formalin. Penentuan kadar formalin, sebelum perlakuaan dan setelah perlakukaan perendaman serbuk kulit singkong, dilakukan dengan metode titrasi asidimetri. Larutan standar yang digunakan adalah HCl 2,1231 N dan indikator merah metil. Ada tidaknya pengaruh perendaman serbuk limbah kulit singkong terhadap kadar formalin dilakukan secara statistik. Hasil menunjukan bahwa seluruh sampel positif mengandung formalin, dengan kadar 7,7602%b/b. Kadar formalin setela ah perendaman serbuk selama 15, 30, 60, dan 90 menit adalah 7,6551; 5,7404; 4,1462; dan 3,8277% b/b. Penurunan terbesar terjadi pada perendaman selama 90 meni yaitu mencapai 50,095%. Penurunan ini dikarenakan serbuk kulit singkong positif mengandung senyawa saponin (uji busa). Uji statistik menunjukan adanya pengaruh waktu perendaman serbuk limbah kulit singkong terhadap penurunan kadar formalin dalan ikan asin teri gundul (Sig<0,05).
Desain dan Analisa Perhitungan Rem Cakram Pada Mobil Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)
Authors: Eko Ari Wibowo  , Widyastuti  , Muhammad Nur Wahyu Hidayah  , Ida Betanursanti  
Published: July 2024

Brakes are an important component in a vehicle unit, so it is necessary to have proper planning in the design and manufacture process. The purpose of this study is to design disc brakes on a Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) car with consideration of the results of the calculation analysis based on the specifications of the reference car. The resulting design is in the form of main components which include calipers, pistons, discs, pads, rivets, pins and bolts. Based on this design, the calculation results show the braking process when a car traveling at a speed of 245 km/h can stop at a braking distance (s) of 42 m with a braking time 4 seconds. The next research is to make a mathematical model to optimize the dimensions of the brake components needed at the ideal braking distance.
Trazando fronteras ocupacionales: un comparativo de los derechos laborales en el trabajo sexual en Colombia y Chile
Authors: Garrido Raad Dany Rachit , Monroy Caicedo Sandra Patricia 
Published: July 2024

PROBLEMA: El artículo aborda la ausencia de regulación y protección en el comercio sexual, que, a pesar de ser una fuente de ingresos, continúa estigmatizado y desprovisto de garantías legales, poniendo en riesgo a quienes lo practican. La creciente presencia del comercio sexual en línea presenta dificultades para asegurar derechos y atención en salud. Se resalta la importancia de reconocer esta actividad como trabajo y proteger a las personas involucradas. OBJETIVO: Comparar los derechos laborales en el trabajo sexual entre Colombia y Chile. MÉTODO: Se analiza información de la Red de Mujeres Trabajadoras Sexuales de Latinoamérica y el Caribe, Global mapping of sex work laws y la Sexual Rights Initiative, siguiendo un protocolo basado en la declaración PRISMA, empleando herramientas de investigación cualitativa documental para estructurar una matriz de análisis en tres etapas. RESULTADOS: En Colombia y Chile, el trabajo sexual es reconocido y protegido legalmente, aunque difieren en su enfoque: Colombia carece de un marco jurídico específico, mientras que en Chile se requiere registro para ejercer. CONCLUSIÓN: A pesar de los avances en reconocer derechos de trabajadores sexuales en Latinoamérica, estos siguen enfrentando desigualdad y carecen de seguridad social. Discusiones morales y jurídicas son clave para una sociedad inclusiva, en este sentido, comparar políticas en Colombia y Chile puede mejorar el bienestar de trabajadores sexuales.
ANALISIS PEMBIAYAAN KREDIT USAHA RAKYAT (KUR) PADA UMKM KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Kurnia Rajab , Habriyanto Habriyanto , Alawiyah Rabiyatul 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembiayaan KUR, kendala-kendala dalam pembiayaan dan mengatasi permasalahan dalam kegiatan pembiayaan KUR di BSI KCP Dr. Sutomo Kota Jambi. Oleh karena itu, rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pembiayaan KUR pada Bank BSI KCP Dr. Sutomo Kota Jambi, Kedua, apa saja kendala pembiayaan KUR di Bank BSI KCP Dr. Sutomo Kota Jambi dan ketiga bagaimana mengatasi permasalahan pada kegiatan pembiayaan KUR di BSI KCP Dr. Sutomo Kota Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh informasi bahwa pemasaran KUR dalam pengembangan pembiayaan KUR di Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Dr. Sutomo Kota Jambi, untuk menghadirkan KUR perlu menghadirkan produk pasar kepada masyarakat, maka calon KUR nasabah yang mengajukan pembiayaan harus melengkapi persyaratannya, dan bank akan memutuskan apakah permohonan pembiayaan tersebut layak diberikan atau tidak kepada UMKM (nasabah KUR). Dalam proses pelaksanaan program KUR terdapat 2 penyebab kredit bermasalah yaitu: faktor internal dan eksternal. Mengatasi permasalahan dalam kegiatan pembiayaan KUR di BSI KCP Dr. Sutomo Kota Jambi, pihak bank memberikan SP1-SP3 kepada nasabah. Apabila masih belum ada penyelesaian dari nasabah, bank akan melelang jaminan nasabah. Tindakan lain yang dilakukan bank adalah 3R yaitu Rescheduling, Reconditioning dan Restructuring.
Acute kidney injury of mild to moderate severity in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Golovina E. N. , Vatasin A. V. 
Published: July 2024

THE AIM: to study the incidence of mild to moderate acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19.PATIENTS AND METHODS. The data of the case histories of 200 patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the Naro-Fominsk Regional Hospital of the Moscow region for COVID-19 were analyzed, mainly with mild to moderate severity of lung damage according to computed tomography, which do not require respiratory support and renal replacement therapy.RESULTS. Despite the fact that the analyzed group of patients did not have the most severe course of COVID-19, the first stage of acute kidney injury was detected in 22.5% of patients, which was manifested by a temporary decrease in hourly diuresis, increased creatinine, urea, proteinuria and erythrocyturia.CONCLUSION. The development of acute kidney injury was most often associated with older age, coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Cirurgia Hepática e Encefalopatia: Análise dos Efeitos Neuropsiquiátricos
Authors: Costa Allison Gonçalves Silva Dutra , Silva Janderson de Castro e , Carneiro Gabriela Vargas , Silva Marcel Pietro Miranda da , Giachetto Natalia Roquette , Casimiro Iago Pordeus , Barros Clara Vidal , Barbosa Leandro Barroso , Fernandes Pedro Henrique Silva , Diniz Estevão dos Santos , Duarte Thiago Venicius Silva , Saltarello Tulio , Ribeiro Camilla Cristina Alves 
Published: July 2024

Introdução: A cirurgia hepática e a encefalopatia hepática (EH) estão intimamente ligadas, com a EH representando uma complicação neuropsiquiátrica significativa decorrente da disfunção hepática. Durante procedimentos cirúrgicos no fígado, a acumulação de toxinas, especialmente amônia, pode agravar os sintomas de EH, que variam de confusão mental a coma. Esta análise foca em compreender os efeitos neuropsiquiátricos da cirurgia hepática e desenvolver estratégias de manejo para melhorar os desfechos clínicos dos pacientes afetados. Objetivo: Investigar como os procedimentos cirúrgicos no fígado contribuem para o desenvolvimento ou agravamento da encefalopatia hepática. Metodologia: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Cochrane, Scielo e Medline, buscando artigos publicados entre os anos de 2020 e 2024, nos idiomas Português ou Inglês. Considerações Finais: A cirurgia hepática pode intensificar a encefalopatia hepática (EH) devido ao acúmulo de toxinas neuroativas, como a amônia. Como resultado, pacientes com cirrose avançada são particularmente suscetíveis. Assim, uma abordagem multidisciplinar, incluindo o uso de intervenções como lactulose e rifaximina, é crucial para minimizar esses efeitos e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
APPROACHES TO FORMATION AND USE OF BUDGET IN MODERN ECONOMY
Authors: Храмченко Анна Александровна , Жолуденко Артём Александрович 
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматривается влияние бюджета на современную экономику, сущность современной экономики, а также исследование и освещение подходов к формированию и использованию бюджета.
The article analyzes the influence of the budget on a modern problem, the essence of the modern economy, as well as research and coverage of approaches to the formation and use of the budget.