bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Association With Multiple Traits in the Presence of Population Stratification
Authors: Yan Ting , Li Qizhai , Li Yuanzhang , Li Zhaohai , Zheng Gang 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTTesting association between a genetic marker and multiple‐dependent traits is a challenging task when both binary and quantitative traits are involved. The inverted regression model is a convenient method, in which the traits are treated as predictors although the genetic marker is an ordinal response. It is known that population stratification (PS) often affects population‐based association studies. However, how it would affect the inverted regression for pleiotropic association, especially with the mixed types of traits (binary and quantitative), is not examined and the performance of existing methods to correct for PS using the inverted regression analysis is unknown. In this paper, we focus on the methods based on genomic control and principal component analysis, and investigate type I error of pleiotropic association using the inverted regression model in the presence of PS with allele frequencies and the distributions (or disease prevalences) of multiple traits varying across the subpopulations. We focus on common alleles but simulation results for a rare variant are also reported. An application to the HapMap data is used for illustration.
The solubility of 40Ar and 84Kr in liquid hydrocarbons: Implications for Titan's geological evolution
Authors: Hodyss Robert , Choukroun Mathieu , Sotin Christophe , Beauchamp Patricia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe solubility of argon and krypton in methane and ethane has been experimentally determined at Titan‐relevant temperatures. At typical Titan surface temperature (94 K), argon and krypton solubilities are very large (47% in methane and 15% in ethane for Ar, 29% in methane and 43% in ethane for Kr), making liquid alkanes on Titan an important potential reservoir of 40Ar and other noble gases. Large subsurface reservoirs of liquid ethane and methane could be sufficient to trap much of the argon outgassing from Titan's interior, which can help explain the discrepancy between the potential amount of 40Ar produced inside Titan's interior and the amount observed in the atmosphere by Cassini‐Huygens. Consequently, on Titan, liquid hydrocarbons may function as a buffer in the outgassing of volatiles from the interior, and they may strongly influence the evolution of the atmosphere's composition through the release of soluble gases upon evaporation and/or intake upon condensation.
From soil aggregates to riverine flocs: a laboratory experiment assessing the respective effects of soil type and flow shear stress on particles characteristics
Authors: Grangeon T. , Droppo I. G. , Legout C. , Esteves M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractParticles eroded from hillslopes and exported to rivers are recognized to be composite particles of high internal complexity. Their architecture and composition are known to influence their transport behaviour within the water column relative to discrete particles. To‐date, hillslope erosion studies consider aggregates to be stable once they are detached from the soil matrix. However, lowland rivers and estuaries studies often suggest that particle structure and dynamics are controlled by flocculation within the water column. In order to improve the understanding of particle dynamics along the continuum from hillslopes to the lowland river environment, soil particle behaviour was tested under controlled laboratory conditions. Seven flume erosion and deposition experiments, designed to simulate a natural erosive event, and five shear cell experiments were performed using three contrasting materials: two of them were poorly developed and as such can not be considered as soils, whilst the third one was a calcareous brown soil. These experiments revealed that soil aggregates were prone to disaggregation within the water column and that flocculation may affect their size distribution during transport. Large differences in effective particle size were found between soil types during the rising limb of the bed shear stress sequence. Indeed, at the maximum applied bed shear stress, the aggregated particles median diameter was found to be three times larger for the well‐developed soil than for the two others. Differences were smaller in the falling limb, suggesting that soil aggregates underwent structural changes. However, characterization of particles strength parameters showed that these changes did not fully turn soil aggregates into flocs, but rather into hybrid soil aggregate–floc particles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observer‐rated pain assessment instruments improve both the detection of pain and the evaluation of pain intensity in people with dementia
Authors: Lukas A. , Barber J.B. , Johnson P. , Gibson S.J 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundObserver‐rated pain assessment instruments for people with dementia have proliferated in recent years and are mainly effective in identifying the presence of pain. The objective of this study was to determine whether these tools can also be used to evaluate intensity of pain.MethodQuasi‐experimental design. Cognitively intact [Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) ≥ 24, n = 60] and impaired people (MMSE < 20, n = 65) in nursing home facilities took part in the study. Participants were observed at rest and during a movement protocol. Directly afterwards, the observer, blinded to cognitive status, completed three behavioural pain assessment instruments (Abbey Pain Scale, Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (PAINAD), Non‐communicative Patient's Pain Assessment Instrument (NOPPAIN) ], before interviewing the resident about pain self‐report.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between observer‐rated and self‐rated measures of pain and were stronger in persons with dementia than in cognitively intact adults. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) revealed: (1) that the use of observer‐rated instruments improved recognition of the presence or absence of pain by up to 25.4% (in dementia) and 28.3% (in cognitively intact adults) above chance; and (2) the same instruments improved the classification of residents into the correct self‐reported level of pain intensity by up to 42.5% (in dementia) and 34.1% (in cognitively intact adults) above chance. However, DFA also reveals a considerable rate of ‘false alarms’ for pain in cognitively intact and ‘misses’ in cognitively impaired people.ConclusionsThe use of the Abbey Pain Scale, PAINAD or NOPPAIN improves both the recognition of pain presence/absence as well as rating pain severity in older people with impaired cognition.
Preclinical evaluation of holmium‐166 labeled anti‐VEGF‐A(Bevacizumab)
Authors: Khorami‐Moghadam Alireza , Bolouri Bahram , Jalilian Amir Reza , Bahrami‐Samani Nariman Mosafa, Ali , Mazidi Seyed Mohammad , Alirezapour Behrouz 
Published: June 2013

Radiolabeled antiangiogenic monoclonal antibodies are potential agents for targeted therapy in specific types of malignancies. In this study, 166Ho‐DOTA‐Bevacizumab was used in biodistribution studies using single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to acquire dosimetric aspects of the radiolabeled antibody in mice. The liver toxicity of the radiolabeled antibody was also determined using serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase assay 2–7 days post‐injection.The SPECT biodistribution demonstrated a similar pattern as the other radiolabeled anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) immunoconjugates.166Ho‐DOTA‐Bevacizumab was revealed as a potential compound for therapy/imaging of VEGF‐A expression in oncology. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cation treatment and drying‐temperature effects on nonylphenol and phenanthrene sorption to a sandy soil
Authors: Shchegolikhina Anastasia , Kunhi Mouvenchery Yamuna , Woche Susanne K. , Bachmann Jörg , Schaumann Gabriele E. , Marschner Bernd 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mono‐ and polyvalent cations on sorption of the two hydrophobic compounds nonylphenol (NP) and phenanthrene (Phe). To this end, exchange sites of a sandy soil were saturated with either Na+, Ca2+, or Al3+ and excess salts were removed by washing. The samples were then sterilized and either stored moist, dried at room temperature, or at 20°C, 60°C, or 105°C in a vented oven. Saturation with Na+ led to an increase of dissolved organic C (DOC) concentration in the soil water extracts, whereas the polyvalent cations Ca2+ and Al3+ decreased it. The 1H‐NMR relaxometry analyses showed that Al3+ restricted the mobility of water molecules that are confined within the SOM structure to a higher extent than Ca2+ or Na+. According to contact‐angle (CA) analyses, cation treatment did not significantly change the wetting properties of the samples. Batch sorption–desorption experiments showed no clear salt‐treatment effects on the sorption and desorption equilibria or kinetics of NP and Phe. Instead, the sorption coefficients and sorption hysteresis of NP and Phe increased in dry soil. With increasing drying temperature the CA of the soils and the sorption of both xenobiotics increased significantly. We conclude that structural modifications of SOM due to incorporation of polyvalent cations into the interphase structure do not modify the sorption characteristics of the soil for hydrophobic compounds. Instead, increasing hydrophobization of organic soil constituents due to heat treatment significantly increased the accessible sorption sites for nonpolar organic compounds in this soil.
Establishment of modern circulation pattern at c. 6000 cal a BP in Disko Bugt, central West Greenland: opening of the Vaigat Strait
Authors: PERNER KERSTIN , MOROS MATTHIAS , SNOWBALL IAN , LLOYD JEREMY M. , KUIJPERS ANTOON , RICHTER THOMAS 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTVariations in the Holocene circulation of the West Greenland Current (WGC) in the Disko Bugt region have been reconstructed from a suite of sediment cores. Palaeoceanographic proxies include magnetic susceptibility (MS) and X‐ray fluorescence titanium counts, which document a major shift in circulation at c. 6000 cal a BP. Before this date, sediments in southern Disko Bugt were characterized by high terrigeneous and basaltic input, suggesting widespread influence of meltwater plumes. Our data show that the WGC re‐circulated in the southern Disko Bugt area because a potential northern pathway, the narrow Vaigat Strait, was blocked by icebergs that calved from marine outlet glaciers in eastern Disko Bugt. Sediments in southern Disko Bugt deposited after c. 6000 cal a BP have significantly lower terrestrial and basaltic sediment input, which coincides with minimum Holocene ice sheet extent. The reduced meltwater and iceberg discharge to the embayment caused the Vaigat Strait to become free of blocking icebergs and terrigenous input was partly diverted to the outer shelf. Thus, the modern circulation pattern of the WGC was established in the Disko Bugt region through the opening of the Vaigat Strait c. 6000 cal a BP.
Fluorene‐Based Co‐polymer with High Hole Mobility and Device Performance in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Watters Darren C. , Yi Hunan , Pearson Andrew J. , Kingsley James , Iraqi Ahmed , Lidzey David 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new donor–acceptor polymer based on 9,9‐dioctylfluorene is synthesized and tested in organic photovoltaic devices. Results show that the polymer exhibits good solubility in a range of organic solvents and has a high hole mobility. When blended with a PC70BM acceptor and fabricated into a bulk heterojunction, photovoltaic devices having a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.2% and a peak external quantum efficiency of 74% are created. Such efficiencies are realized without any necessity for solvent additives or thermal annealing protocols.magnified image
Antibacterial activity of a lectin‐like Burkholderia cenocepacia protein
Authors: Ghequire Maarten G. K. , De Canck Evelien , Wattiau Pierre , Van Winge Iris , Loris Remy , Coenye Tom , De Mot René 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBacteriocins of the LlpA family have previously been characterized in the γ‐proteobacteria Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas. These proteins are composed of two MMBL (monocot mannose‐binding lectin) domains, a module predominantly and abundantly found in lectins from monocot plants. Genes encoding four different types of LlpA‐like proteins were identified in genomes from strains belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and the Burkholderia pseudomallei group. A selected recombinant LlpA‐like protein from the human isolate Burkholderia cenocepacia AU1054 displayed narrow‐spectrum genus‐specific antibacterial activity, thus representing the first functionally characterized bacteriocin within this β‐proteobacterial genus. Strain‐specific killing was confined to other members of the Bcc, with mostly Burkholderia ambifaria strains being susceptible. In addition to killing planktonic cells, this bacteriocin also acted as an antibiofilm agent.
Dystonic opisthotonus: A “red flag” for neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation syndromes?
Authors: Stamelou Maria , Lai Scarlett C. , Aggarwal Annu , Schneider Susanne A. , Houlden Henry , Yeh Tu‐Hsueh , Batla Amit , Lu Chin‐Song , Bhatt Mohit , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBack arching was reported in one of the very first patients with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation syndrome (NBIAs) published in 1936. However, recent reports have mainly focused on the genetic and imaging aspects of these disorders, and the phenotypic characterization of the dystonia has been lost. In evaluating patients with NBIAs in our centers, we have observed that action‐induced dystonic opisthotonus is a common and characteristic feature of NBIAs. Here, we present a case series of patients with NBIAs presenting this feature demonstrated by videos. We suggest that dystonic opisthotonus could be a useful “red flag” for clinicians to suspect NBIAs, and we discuss the differential diagnosis of this feature. This would be particularly useful in identifying patients with NBIAs and no iron accumulation as yet on brain imaging (for example, as in phospholipase A2, group IV (cytosolic, calcium‐independent) [PLA2G6]‐related disorders), and it has management implications. © 2013 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Placental three‐dimensional power Doppler indices in mid‐pregnancy and late pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Surányi A. , Kozinszky Z. , Molnár A. , Nyári T. , Bitó T. , Pál A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of our study was to evaluate placental three‐dimensional power Doppler indices in diabetic pregnancies in the second and third trimesters and to compare them with those of the normal controls.MethodsPlacental vascularization of pregnant women was determined by three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasound technique. The calculated indices included vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI). Uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 113) were compared with pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 56) and diabetes mellitus (n = 43).ResultsThe three‐dimensional power Doppler indices were not significantly different between the two diabetic subgroups. All the indices in diabetic patients were significantly reduced compared with those in non‐diabetic individuals (p < 0.001). Placental three‐dimensional power Doppler indices are slightly diminished throughout diabetic pregnancy [regression coefficients: −0.23 (FI), −0.06 (VI), and −0.04 (VFI)] and normal pregnancy [regression coefficients: −0.13 (FI), −0.20 (VI), and −0.11 (VFI)]. The uteroplacental circulation (umbilical and uterine artery) was not correlated significantly to the three‐dimensional power Doppler indices. If all placental indices are low during late pregnancy, then the odds of the diabetes are significantly high (adjusted odds ratio: 1.10).ConclusionsA decreased placental vascularization could be an adjunct sonographic marker in the diagnosis of diabetic pregnancy in mid‐gestation and late gestation. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis, clinical outcomes, and associated pathology in pregnancies complicated by massive subchorionic thrombohematoma (Breus' mole)
Authors: Alanjari Abdulmohsen , Wright Emily , Keating Sarah , Ryan Greg , Kingdom John 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo review the association between ultrasound findings, placental pathology, and prognosis in pregnancies complicated by massive subchorionic thrombohematoma (MTH)/Breus' mole.MethodWe identified 14 cases of MTH from January 2004 to December 2012. MTH was defined by >1 cm thickness hematoma and extensive (≥50%) involvement of the fetal surface of the placenta. Patient information, details of initial presentation, and perinatal outcome were obtained from the manual and electronic chart records. Ultrasound findings were related to pregnancy outcomes and associated placental pathology. Participants were stratified on the basis of birth outcome into survivors (live births, n = 7) and nonsurvivors (neonatal deaths or intrauterine fetal deaths/termination of pregnancy, n = 7).ResultsAll 14 cases of MTH were suspected on ultrasound and confirmed by pathology assessment. All cases in the nonsurvivor group had abnormal umbilical artery (UA) Doppler waveforms compared with none in the survivors (p = 0.02). All cases in the nonsurvivor group had extreme preterm deliveries (p = 0.02). Birth weight was significantly reduced in the nonsurvivor group (p = 0.001), and 5/7 cases were diagnosed with severe intrauterine growth restriction, compared with none in the survivor group (p = 0.02).ConclusionMassive subchorionic thrombohematoma/Breus' mole may be diagnosed in the second trimester by ultrasound assessment of the placenta. Normal fetal growth and UA Doppler waveforms are associated with perinatal survival. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rational design of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane fillers for simultaneous improvements of thermomechanical properties and lowering refractive indices of polymer films
Authors: Jeon Jong‐Hwan , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe describe here the design and synthesis of the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)‐based dual‐functional molecular fillers for simultaneously lowering refractive indices and improving thermomechanical properties of conventional polymers. We prepared the composite films with poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene containing the series of the POSS derivatives with the single functional unit for interacting with polymer chains and heptacyclopentyl substituents for creating exclusive volumes around the POSS core. From the measurements of refractive indices of polymer composites, it was revealed that all POSS fillers can lower the refractive index of the films. In addition, thermal stabilities and mechanical properties were enhanced by adding POSS fillers. The filler effect on the thermal properties can be explained by the structural features of POSS: The highly symmetrical structure of the silica cube should suppress thermal motions, resulting in the large enhancement of thermomechanical properties of polymer matrices. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3583–3589
Synthesis of O‐(2,3‐dihydroxypropyl) cellulose in NaOH/urea aqueous solution: As a precursor for introducing “necklace‐like” structure
Authors: Chang Chunyu , Teramoto Yoshikuni , Nishio Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTO‐(2,3‐dihydroxypropyl) cellulose (DHPC) samples were synthesized by etherification of cellulose with glycidol (GLY) in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution system under different reaction conditions, so that they had different degrees of ether substitution (DS) in both the overall and regional distributions. The characterization was made by NMR spectroscopy in order to clarify the effects of the molar ratio of in‐fed GLY to anhydroglucose unit and of the reaction temperature not only on the total and regional DSs but also on the molar substitution (MSdhp) for the multireactive dihydroxypropyl group. The evaluation of MSdhp was performed after complete propionylation of each DHPC sample. Determination of molecular weights was also conducted on the propionylated DHPCs by GPC analysis. As a preliminary extension, butyralization of DHPC was undertaken in aqueous solution by using p‐toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst together with butyraldehyde (BuA). Two‐dimensional NMR (1H–13C gHSQC) spectra measurements revealed that the products contained butyral groups, owing to dehydration‐cyclization between the BuA‐carbonyl and the duplicate hydroxyls in the side chain of DHPC. Such butyral derivatives of cellulose are expected to be a promising functional material parallel or superior to poly(vinyl butyral) available for safety glass interlayers, etc. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3590–3597
Gas barrier behavior of polyimide films filled with synthetic chrysotile nanotubes
Authors: Wu Yingji , Yudin Vladimir E. , Otaigbe Joshua U. , Korytkova Elena N. , Nazarenko Sergei 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTChrysotile nanotubes (ChNTs) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. These synthetic nanotubes crystallographically and morphologically mimic the nanofibrils of natural white asbestos but they are considerably shorter. ChNTs containing polyimide nanocomposites were prepared by a solution mixing/casting method. Oxygen and water vapor barrier of the nanocomposite films were tested and related to the amount, dispersion, and orientation of the nanotubes. The dispersion and orientation of the nanotubes were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanotubes were nanodispersed and oriented in the plane of the film in the nanocomposites with up to 4.5% (vol/vol) of ChNTs leading to a gradual increase of the gas barrier. The lowest gas permeability was 60% smaller than that for the pristine polyimide film. However, with the onset of nanotube micro aggregation at larger ChNTs loadings the nanotube dispersion and orientation were compromised and oxygen barrier was reduced. The efficacy of nanotubes to enhance polymer gas barrier was discussed and compared with that by nanoplatelets. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1184–1193
Structure of Plasma‐Deposited Copolymer Films Prepared from Acrylic Acid and Styrene: Part II Variation of the Comonomer Ratio
Authors: Fahmy Alaa , Mix Renate , Schönhals Andreas , Friedrich Jörg 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCopolymers of acrylic acid and styrene (AA/S) were prepared by pulsed plasma deposition technique. Their structure–property relationships were studied in dependence on the comonomer ratio. Both, the regularity of the structure and the composition of the thin copolymer films were investigated by bulk‐sensitive (dielectric spectroscopy, FTIR, and differential scanning calorimetry) as well as surface‐sensitive methods such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For an unambiguous identification of the functionality of the deposited films the COOH groups were estimated by derivatization with trifluoroethanol and subsequent XPS measurement as well as by the quantitative analysis of the FTIR data. As a result, the concentration of COOH groups on the surface and in the bulk is increasing with the fraction of AA in precursor mixture in a non‐monotonous way but similar to the dependence obtained by conventional free radical polymerization.