bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can intensity of long-term follow-up for survivors of childhood and teenage cancer be determined by therapy-based risk stratification?
Authors: Edgar A B , Duffin K , Borthwick S , Marciniak-Stepak P , Wallace W H 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of therapy-based, risk-stratified follow-up guidelines for childhood and teenage cancer survivors by evaluating adverse health outcomes in a survivor cohort retrospectively assigned a risk category.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary level, single centre, paediatric cancer unit in South East Scotland.ParticipantsAll children and teenagers diagnosed with cancer (<19 years) between 1 January 1971 and 31 July 2004, who were alive more than 5 years from diagnosis formed the study cohort. Each survivor was retrospectively assigned a level of follow-up, based on their predicted risk of developing treatment-related late effects (LEs; levels 1, 2 and 3 for low, medium and high risk, respectively). Adverse health outcomes were determined from review of medical records and postal questionnaires. LEs were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event, V.3.Results607 5-year survivors were identified. Risk stratification identified 86 (14.2%), 271 (44.6%) and 250 (41.2%) as levels 1, 2 and 3 survivors, respectively. The prevalence of LEs for level 1 survivors was 11.6% with only one patient with grade 3 or above toxicity. 35.8% of level 2 survivors had an LE, of whom 9.3%, 58.8%, 18.5%, 10.3% and 3% had grades 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 toxicity, respectively. 65.2% of level 3 survivors had LE, of whom 5.5% (n=9), 34.4% (n=56), 36.2% (n=59), 22.1% (n=36) and 1.8% (n=3) had grades 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 toxicity, respectively.ConclusionsTherapy-based risk stratification of survivors can predict which patients are at significant risk of developing moderate-to-severe LEs and require high-intensity long-term follow-up. Our findings will need confirmation in a prospective cohort study that has the power to adjust for all potentially confounding variables.
Sepsis-associated mortality in England: an analysis of multiple cause of death data from 2001 to 2010
Authors: McPherson Duncan , Griffiths Clare , Williams Matthew , Baker Allan , Klodawski Ed , Jacobson Bobbie , Donaldson Liam 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo quantify mortality associated with sepsis in the whole population of England.DesignDescriptive statistics of multiple cause of death data.SettingEngland between 2001 and 2010.ParticipantsAll people whose death was registered in England between 2001 and 2010 and whose certificate contained a sepsis-associated International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code.Data sourcesMultiple cause of death data extracted from Office for National Statistics mortality database.Statistical methodsAge-specific and sex-specific death rates and direct age-standardised death rates.ResultsIn 2010, 5.1% of deaths in England were definitely associated with sepsis. Adding those that may be associated with sepsis increases this figure to 7.7% of all deaths. Only 8.6% of deaths definitely associated with sepsis in 2010 had a sepsis-related condition as the underlying cause of death. 99% of deaths definitely associated with sepsis have one of the three ICD-10 codes—A40, A41 and P36—in at least one position on the death certificate. 7% of deaths definitely associated with sepsis in 2001–2010 did not occur in hospital.ConclusionsSepsis is a major public health problem in England. In attempting to tackle the problem of sepsis, it is not sufficient to rely on hospital-based statistics, or methods of intervention, alone. A robust estimate of the burden of sepsis-associated mortality in England can be made by identifying deaths with one of the three ICD-10 codes in multiple cause of death data. These three codes could be used for future monitoring of the burden of sepsis-associated mortality.
An evaluation of the efficacy of the exercise on referral scheme in Northumberland, UK: association with physical activity and predictors of engagement. A naturalistic observation study
Authors: Hanson Coral L , Allin Linda J , Ellis Jason G , Dodd-Reynolds Caroline J 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesExercise on referral schemes (ERS) are widely commissioned in the UK but there is little evidence of their association with physical activity levels. We sought to assess the Northumberland exercise on referral scheme in terms of increased levels of physical activity and identify predictors of engagement.DesignA naturalistic observational study.Setting9 local authority leisure sites in Northumberland.Participants2233 patients referred from primary and secondary care between July 2009 and September 2010.InterventionA 24-week programme including motivational consultations and supervised exercise sessions for participants.Outcome measuresUptake, 12-week adherence, 24-week completion, changes in Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire scores after 24-weeks and attendance levels at supervised exercise sessions during the scheme. Three binary logistic regressions were used to examine demographic and referral factors associated with initial uptake, 12-week adherence and 24-week completion.ResultsUptake was 81% (n=1811), 12-week adherence was 53.5% (n=968) and 24-week completion was 42.9% (n=777). Participants who completed significantly increased their self-reported physical activity levels at 24-weeks t (638)=−11.55, p<0.001. Completers attended a mean of 22.87 (12.47 SD) of a target 48 supervised sessions. Increasing age, being female and leisure site were associated with uptake, increasing age, Index of Multiple Deprivation and leisure site were associated with 12-week adherence and Body Mass Index and leisure site were associated with 24-week completion. Each regression significantly increased the prediction accuracy of stage of exit (non-starters vs starters 81.5%, dropouts before 12 weeks vs 12-week adherers 66.9%, and dropouts between 13 and 24 weeks 82.2%).ConclusionsCompleters of the Northumberland ERS increased physical activity at 24 weeks, although the levels achieved were below the current UK guidelines of 150 min of moderate exercise per week. Leisure site was associated with uptake, adherence and completion.
Mental health status and risk of new cardiovascular events or death in patients with myocardial infarction: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Nielsen Tine Jepsen , Vestergaard Mogens , Christensen Bo , Christensen Kaj Sparle , Larsen Karen Kjær 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the association between mental health status after first-time myocardial infarction (MI) and new cardiovascular events or death, taking into account depression and anxiety as well as clinical, sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors.DesignPopulation-based cohort study based on questionnaires and nationwide registries. Mental health status was assessed 3 months after MI using the Mental Component Summary score from the Short-Form 12 V.2.SettingCentral Denmark Region.ParticipantsAll patients hospitalised with first-time MI from 1 January 2009 through 31 December 2009 (n=880). The participants were categorised in quartiles according to the level of mental health status (first quartile=lowest mental health status).Main outcome measuresComposite endpoint of new cardiovascular events (MI, heart failure, stroke/transient ischaemic attack) and all-cause mortality.ResultsDuring 1940 person-years of follow-up, 277 persons experienced a new cardiovascular event or died. The cumulative incidence following 3 years after MI increased consistently with decreasing mental health status and was 15% (95% CI 10.8% to 20.5%) for persons in the fourth quartile, 29.1% (23.5% to 35.6%) in the third quartile, 37.0% (30.9% to 43.9%) in the second quartile, and 47.5% (40.9% to 54.5%) in the first quartile. The HRs were high, even after adjustments for age, sociodemographic characteristics, cardiac disease severity, comorbidity, secondary prophylactic medication, smoking status, physical activity, depression and anxiety (HR3rd quartile1.90 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.93), HR2nd quartile2.14 (1.37 to 3.33), HR1st quartile2.23 (1.35 to 3.68) when using the fourth quartile as reference).ConclusionsLow mental health status following first-time MI was independently associated with an increased risk of new cardiovascular events or death. Further research is needed to disentangle the pathways that link mental health status following MI to prognosis and to identify interventions that can improve mental health status and prognosis.
Relationship between quality of care and choice of clinical computing system: retrospective analysis of family practice performance under the UK's quality and outcomes framework
Authors: Kontopantelis Evangelos , Buchan Iain , Reeves David , Checkland Kath , Doran Tim 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between performance on the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework pay-for-performance scheme and choice of clinical computer system.DesignRetrospective longitudinal study.SettingData for 2007–2008 to 2010–2011, extracted from the clinical computer systems of general practices in England.ParticipantsAll English practices participating in the pay-for-performance scheme: average 8257 each year, covering over 99% of the English population registered with a general practice.Main outcome measuresLevels of achievement on 62 quality-of-care indicators, measured as: reported achievement (levels of care after excluding inappropriate patients); population achievement (levels of care for all patients with the relevant condition) and percentage of available quality points attained. Multilevel mixed effects multiple linear regression models were used to identify population, practice and clinical computing system predictors of achievement.ResultsSeven clinical computer systems were consistently active in the study period, collectively holding approximately 99% of the market share. Of all population and practice characteristics assessed, choice of clinical computing system was the strongest predictor of performance across all three outcome measures. Differences between systems were greatest for intermediate outcomes indicators (eg, control of cholesterol levels).ConclusionsUnder the UK's pay-for-performance scheme, differences in practice performance were associated with the choice of clinical computing system. This raises the question of whether particular system characteristics facilitate higher quality of care, better data recording or both. Inconsistencies across systems need to be understood and addressed, and researchers need to be cautious when generalising findings from samples of providers using a single computing system.
Prescribing errors on admission to hospital and their potential impact: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Basey Avril Janette , Krska Janet , Kennedy Thomas Duncan , Mackridge Adam John 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundMedication errors are an important cause of morbidity and mortality and adversely affect clinical outcomes. Prescribing errors constitute one type of medication error and occur particularly on admission to hospital; little is known about how they arise.AimThis study investigated how doctors obtain the information necessary to prescribe on admission to hospital, and the number and potential impact of any errors.SettingEnglish teaching hospital—acute medical unit.MethodsEthics approval was granted. Data were collected over four 1-week periods; November 2009, January 2010, April 2010 and April 2011. The patient admission process was directly observed, field notes were recorded using a standard form. Doctors participated in a structured interview; case notes of all patients admitted during study periods were reviewed.ResultsThere were differences between perceived practice stated in interviews and actual practice observed. All 19 doctors interviewed indicated that they would sometimes or always use more than one source of information for a medication history; a single source was used in 31/68 observed cases. 7/12 doctors both observed and interviewed indicated that they would confirm medication with patients; observations showed they did so for only 2/12 patients. In 66/68 cases, the patient/carer was able to discuss medication, 14 were asked no medication-related questions. Of 688 medication charts reviewed, 318 (46.2%) had errors. A total of 851 errors were identified; 737/851 (86.6%) involved omission of a medicine; 94/737 (12.8%) of these were potentially significant.ConclusionsAlthough doctors know the importance of obtaining an accurate medication history and checking prescriptions with patients, they often fail to put this into practice, resulting in prescribing errors.
UK colorectal cancer patients are inadequately assessed for Lynch syndrome
Authors: Adelson Maria , Pannick Samuel , East James E , Risby Peter , Dawson Peter , Monahan Kevin J 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo establish whether colorectal cancer patients in two centres in the UK are screened appropriately for Lynch syndrome, in accordance with current international guidance.DesignPatients newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer over an 18-month period were identified from the UK National Bowel Cancer Audit Programme. Their records and management were reviewed retrospectively.SettingTwo university teaching hospitals, Imperial College Healthcare and Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trusts.Outcomes measuredWhether patients were screened for Lynch syndrome—and the outcome of that evaluation, if it took place—were assessed from patients' clinical records. The age, tumour location and family history of screened patients were compared to those of unscreened patients.ResultsFive hundred and fifty three patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer were identified. Of these, 97 (17.5%) satisfied the revised Bethesda criteria, and should have undergone further assessment. There was no evidence that those guidelines had been contemporaneously applied to any patient. In practice, only 22 of the 97 (22.7%) eligible patients underwent evaluation. The results for 14 of those 22 (63.6%) supported a diagnosis of Lynch syndrome, but only nine of the 14 (64.3%) were referred for formal mismatch repair gene testing. No factors reliably predicted whether or not a patient would undergo Lynch syndrome screening.ConclusionsColorectal teams in the UK do not follow international guidance identifying the patients who should be screened for Lynch syndrome. Patients and their families are consequently excluded from programmes reducing colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Multidisciplinary teams should work with their local genetics services to develop reliable algorithms for patient screening and referral.
Prevalence of pharyngeal and rectalChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaeinfections among men who have sex with men in Germany
Authors: Dudareva-Vizule Sandra , Haar Karin , Sailer Andrea , Wisplinghoff Hilmar , Wisplinghoff Fabian , Marcus Ulrich ,   the PARIS study group
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of pharyngeal and rectalChlamydia trachomatis(CT) andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Germany and describe associations between these infections, sexual practices and other factors to provide an evidence base for screening recommendations.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in 22 sentinel sites of sexually transmitted infections across Germany. Pharyngeal and rectal swabs were collected and tested for CT and NG with a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). Information on HIV status, number of sex partners and sexual practices was collected and linked to NAAT results.ResultsOverall, 2247 MSM were screened for pharyngeal or rectal CT and NG infections; median age was 34 years (range 16–83). Prevalence of CT was 1.5% in pharyngeal and 8.0% in rectal specimens. Prevalence of NG was 5.5% in pharyngeal and 4.6% in rectal specimens. Local symptoms were reported in 5.1% of pharyngeal and 11.9% of rectal infections. Altogether 90.8% of rectal or pharyngeal infections would remain undetected if only symptomatic cases were tested. Rectal infection was significantly more likely in men reporting multiple partners (2–5 partners, OR=1.85; 6–10 partners, OR=2.10; >11 partners, OR=2.95), men diagnosed with HIV (OR=1.60) and men practising receptive anal intercourse without a condom (OR=1.54). Pharyngeal infection was more likely in men reporting multiple partners (6–10 partners, OR=2.88; >11 partners, OR=4.96), and men diagnosed with HIV (OR=1.78).ConclusionsPharyngeal and rectal infections in sexually active MSM can remain undetected and thus transmissible if swabbing is not offered routinely. Screening should be offered particularly to MSM diagnosed with HIV and MSM reporting multiple partners.
Association between somatic cell count after first parturition and cumulative milk yield in dairy cows
Authors: Archer S. C. , Mc Coy F. , Wapenaar W. , Green M. J. 
Published: August 2013

The aim was to assess the association between the somatic cell count of parity 1 cows between 5 and 30 days in milk (SCC1), and subsequent cumulative milk yield over approximately two years for cows in English and Welsh dairy herds. The dataset included records from 43,461 cows in 2111 herds, from 2004 to 2006. Cumulative milk yield was the model outcome, and a random effect was included to account for variation between herds. The model fitted the data well and was used to make predictions of cumulative milk yield, based on SCC1. A unit increase in the natural logarithm of SCC1/1000 was associated with a median decrease in cumulative milk yield of 482 kg, over a median study period of 868 days.
Carboniferous and Lower Permian sedimentological cycles and biotic events of South China
Authors: Wang Xiangdong , Qie Wenkun , Sheng Qingyi , Qi Yuping , Wang Yue , Liao Zhuoting , Shen Shuzhong , Ueno Katsumi 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The sedimentary successions and four fossil groups, including rugose corals, brachiopods, fusulinaceans and conodonts, from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian of South China have been studied in order to reveal the sedimentary characteristics and evolutionary pattern of main biological groups in the East Tethyan region during the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age. The Lower Carboniferous lithology of South China is diverse, ranging from basinal and shelf carbonate rocks to coal measures and continental clastics, while the Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian are composed mostly of shallow-marine carbonates. From uppermost Devonian to Lower Carboniferous, five major regression events are recognized at the topmost Devonian, middle and upper Tournaisian boundary, Tournasian–Viséan boundary, uppermost Viséan and the Mid-Carboniferous boundary in South China, separately. The Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian shallow-water carbonate rocks consist of remarkable, high-frequency cyclothems. Moreover, another major sea-level fall is recognized and characterized by an extensive sedimentary hiatus at the Sakmarian–Artinskian boundary throughout South China. All of the sedimentary basins of South China were formed in extensional tectonic settings during this time; thus, multiple regressive events that occurred throughout South China should be primarily induced by glacio-eustatic drawdown. In addition, two biotic events characterized by a remarkable decline in the diversity of benthic biota and a turnover in the composition of fossil assemblages occurred, respectively, at the Mid-Carboniferous and Sakmarian–Artinskian boundaries, consistent with two major regressions, and were probably caused by the glaciations in Gondwana.
The Taylor Group (Beacon Supergroup): the Devonian sediments of Antarctica
Authors: Bradshaw Margaret A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The Taylor Group, the lower division of the Beacon Supergroup, comprises mainly quartzose sandstones of Devonian age deposited after the development of the Kukri Erosion Surface across the Cambrian Ross orogen. Devonian sediments accumulated in a McMurdo Basin that now incorporates most of the Transantarctic Mountains, and a larger Ellsworth Basin that extends from West Antarctica into southern Africa. In southern Victoria Land (McMurdo Basin) the seven formations total around 1200 m in thickness. Sequence stratigraphy suggests five sedimentary cycles, the lower four of which may show shallow marine influence. Provenance studies indicate derivation solely from Ross Orogen sources. The Taylor Group in the central Transantarctic Mountains consists of two thin formations, only one of which is extensive. In the Ellsworth Basin, Taylor Group equivalents rest concordantly on thick piles of post-Ross Palaeozoic sediment. Shallow-water Devonian sediments in the Ohio Range contain a marine fauna linked with those of the Ellsworth Mountains, southern Africa, South America, New Zealand and Australia. A seaway probably existed along the Pacific edge of the East Antarctic craton, allowing these faunal links, and may also have communicated with the McMurdo Basin to drive the five sedimentary sequences.
The Strawberry Volcanics: generation of ‘orogenic’ andesites from tholeiite within an intra-continental volcanic suite centred on the Columbia River flood basalt province, USA
Authors: Steiner Arron , Streck Martin J. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

The widely distributed, mid-Miocene lavas of the Strawberry Volcanics of NE Oregon are compositionally diverse, ranging from basalt to rhyolite. They are composed mainly of calc-alkaline and mildly tholeiitic basaltic andesite and andesite. Ar–Ar dating and stratigraphic relationships indicate that the volcanic field was active from >16 Ma to
c.
12 Ma ago and thus is coeval for the first 1–2 Ma with strongly tholeiitic flood basalts of the Columbia River Province that encircle the Strawberry Volcanics. Tholeiitic and calc-alkaline compositions develop subtle but noticeable differences towards higher silica contents. At silica contents of <55 wt% SiO
2
, calc-alkaline and tholeiitic lavas are essentially indistinguishable. Trace element constraints among Strawberry Volcanics and crustal rocks indicate that open-system processes, such as assimilation or magma mixing, are responsible for evolution along a calc-alkaline trend leading to ‘orogenic’ andesites from tholeiite. Exclusively tholeiitic basalts carrying evidence for a metasomatized mantle source erupted during the mid-Miocene of eastern Oregon. Consequently, tholeiite imparted the ‘subduction signals’ and crustal processing generated the calc-alkaline character to end up with compositions of typical ‘orogenic’ andesites at the Strawberry Volcanics. No primitive calc-alkaline basalt from the mantle is needed as parental magma here and possibly at other similar intra-continental calc-alkaline suites.
A Note on the⊤-Stein Matrix Equation
Authors: Chiang Chun-Yueh 
Published: August 2013

This note is concerned with the linear matrix equationX=AX⊤B + C, where the operator(·)⊤denotes the transpose (⊤) of a matrix. The first part of this paper sets forth the necessary and sufficient conditions for the unique solvability of the solutionX. The second part of this paper aims to provide a comprehensive treatment of the relationship between the theory of the generalized eigenvalue problem and the theory of the linear matrix equation. The final part of this paper starts with a brief review of numerical methods for solving the linear matrix equation. In relation to the computed methods, knowledge of the residual is discussed. An expression related to the backward error of an approximate solution is obtained; it shows that a small backward error implies a small residual. Just like the discussion of linear matrix equations, perturbation bounds for solving the linear matrix equation are also proposed in this work.Erratum to “A Note on the⊤-Stein Matrix Equation”