bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of cerebral aneurysms in children: analysis of the Kids' Inpatient Database
Authors: Alawi Aws , Edgell Randall C. , Elbabaa Samer K. , Callison R. Charles , Khalili Yasir Al , Allam Hesham , Alshekhlee Amer 
Published: May 2014

Object
Endovascular coiling and surgical clipping are viable treatment options of cerebral aneurysms. Outcome data of these treatments in children are limited. The objective of this study was to determine hospital mortality and complication rates associated with surgical clipping and coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms in children, and to evaluate the trend of hospitals' use of these treatments.

Methods
The authors identified a cohort of children admitted with the diagnoses of cerebral aneurysms and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage from the Kids' Inpatient Database for the years 1998 through 2009. Hospital-associated complications and in-hospital mortality were compared between the treatment groups and stratified by aneurysmal rupture status. A multivariate regression analysis was used to identify independent variables associated with in-hospital mortality. The Cochrane-Armitage test was used to assess the trend of hospital use of these operations.

Results
A total of 1120 children were included in this analysis; 200 (18%) underwent aneurysmal clipping and 920 (82%) underwent endovascular coiling. Overall in-hospital mortality was higher in the surgical clipping group compared with the coil embolization group (6.09% vs 1.65%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.52, 95% CI 0.97–6.53, p = 0.05). The risk of postoperative stroke or hemorrhage was similar between the two treatment groups (p = 0.86). Pulmonary complications and systemic infection were higher in the surgical clipping population (p < 0.05). The rate of US hospitals' use of endovascular coiling has significantly increased over the years included in this study (p < 0.0001). Teaching hospitals were associated with a lower risk of death (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.03–0.46; p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Although both treatments are valid, endovascular coiling was associated with fewer deaths and shorter hospital stays than clip placement. The trend of hospitals' use of coiling operations has increased in recent years.
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with total facetectomy for low-dysplastic isthmic spondylolisthesis: effects of slip reduction on surgical outcomes
Authors: Okuda Shinya , Oda Takenori , Yamasaki Ryoji , Haku Takamitsu , Maeno Takafumi , Iwasaki Motoki 
Published: May 2014

Object
The management of isthmic spondylolisthesis remains controversial, especially with respect to reduction. There have been no reports regarding appropriate slip reduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the following issues: 1) surgical outcomes of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with total facetectomy for low-dysplastic isthmic spondylolisthesis, including postoperative complications; 2) effects of slip reduction on surgical outcomes; and 3) appropriate slip reduction.

Methods
A total of 106 patients who underwent PLIF with total facetectomy for low-dysplastic isthmic spondylolisthesis and who were followed for at least 2 years were reviewed. The average follow-up period was 8 years. Surgical outcomes, including the scores assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system, the recovery rate, and postoperative complications were investigated. As for radiographic evaluations, pre- and postoperative slip and disc height, instrumentation failure, and fusion status were also examined.

Results
The pre- and postoperative average Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were 14 (range 3–25) and 25 (range 11–29) points, respectively. The average recovery rate was 73% (range 0%–100%). The average pre- and postoperative slip was 24% and 10%, respectively. A significant correlation between postoperative slip and clinical outcomes was found; clinical outcomes were better in proportion to slip reduction. Although no statistical difference was detected in clinical outcomes between postoperative slip of less than 10% and from 10% to 20%, patients with postoperative slip of more than 20% showed significantly worse clinical outcomes. Postoperative complications included neurological deficits in 7 patients (transient motor loss in 6 and permanent motor loss in 1), instrumentation failures in 7, adjacent-segment degeneration in 5, and nonunion in 4. Instrumentation failures occurred significantly more often in patients with more slip reduction, although slip reduction did not affect the other postoperative complications. All patients with instrumentation failure showed postoperative slip reduction within 10%.

Conclusions
The use of PLIF with total facetectomy for low-dysplastic isthmic spondylolisthesis appears to produce satisfactory clinical outcomes, with an average of 73% recovery rate and few postoperative complications. Although clinical outcomes were better in proportion to slip reduction, excessive reduction caused instrumentation failure, and patients with less reduction demonstrated worse clinical outcomes. Appropriate reduction resulted in a postoperative slip ranging from 10% to 20%.
Création stratégique et avantage concurrentiel
Authors: Lapointe Jean-Philippe , Hafsi Taïeb 
Published: May 2014

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse à la survie, voire au succès, des entreprises non dominantes. Ces entreprises possèdent une faible part de marché, une taille modeste et des ressources souvent limitées par rapport au leader de leur industrie. Malgré les arguments en faveur d’une forte part de marché – longtemps considérée comme le déterminant principal du succès –, ces entreprises réussissent à atteindre une rentabilité respectable, parfois même supérieure à celle d’entreprises dominantes. La littérature de la stratégie étant davantage orientée vers la recherche d’une position de domination sur le marché et la réalité étant que très peu d’entreprises peuvent un jour obtenir cette position, une meilleure connaissance des facteurs de succès en situation de non-domination s’avère utile. Pour cela, nous avons étudié un cas d’entreprise non dominante qui réussit bien : la Banque Laurentienne du Canada, qui, malgré le désavantage de sa taille, affiche une performance comparable à la moyenne de l’industrie. Dans cet article, la littérature relative au succès des entreprises non dominantes est également examinée.
Mettre en place une gestion de la relève
Authors: Foucher Roland , Gosselin Alain 
Published: May 2014

Résumé Certaines organisations réussissent à effectuer des transitions et à assurer leur continuité alors que d’autres échouent, faute d’une relève bien préparée. Gérer cette dernière constitue donc un enjeu important, qui est amplifié par des facteurs économiques et démographiques. L’évolution socioéconomique fait de la gestion de la relève un enjeu stratégique en raison de son incidence sur la capacité d’ajustement de l’organisation à un environnement en mutation. Pour réaliser cette harmonisation, plusieurs organisations doivent apporter des changements touchant leurs structures, leur culture et leur main-d’œuvre. Cet article procède à une synthèse des écrits et à une illustration des meilleures pratiques en matière de gestion de la relève. Celles-ci proviennent d’une analyse des actions accomplies par trois grandes entreprises québécoises reconnues pour leur programme de gestion de la relève : Alcan, la Banque Nationale et Hydro-Québec.
À nouvelle gouvernance, nouvelles compétences
Authors: Maltais Daniel , Mazouz Bachir 
Published: May 2014

Résumé Trop longtemps figée dans son rôle de régulateur socioéconomique, l’administration avait rarement interrogé ses modes de fonctionnement, son organisation et encore moins sa performance et celle de son personnel. Depuis le début des années 1980, elle expérimente des formes organisationnelles et des cadres de gestion jusque-là considérés comme propres à l’entreprise. Les gouvernements et les gestionnaires publics disposent maintenant d’une alternative à la gestion bureaucratique : le nouveau management public. Cet article présente un cadre général de réflexion permettant de cerner les caractéristiques des nouveaux modèles de gouvernance en émergence à l’échelle internationale et au Québec. Ensuite, il explique en quoi la nouvelle façon de gérer les affaires publiques influencera la nature des défis que devront relever les gestionnaires publics. Enfin, il décrit et illustre les compétences clés requises des gestionnaires publics pour faire face aux exigences de la nouvelle société, de la nouvelle gouvernance publique et de la nouvelle économie.
History of the northern silvery blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus couperi) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in southern Ontario, Canada: separating range expansion from original populations and other subspecies
Authors: Layberry Ross A. , Catling Paul M. , Schmidt B. Christian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe historical distribution ofGlaucopsyche lygdamus(Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in southern Ontario, Canada was analysed using three major databases. In southern Ontario,G.lygdamusincludes (1) subspeciesG.lygdamus couperiGrote that has expanded its range from the north since the 1940s and 1950s reaching Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in 2012; (2) a non-expanding population on the Norfolk Sand Plain, Ontario, Canada that appears phenotypically closest toG.lygdamus couperi, but with some wing marking characters that are transitional to the more southern subspeciesG.lygdamus lygdamus; and (3) rare and local pre-expansion populations referable toG.lygdamus couperithat occurred in the Ottawa Valley and Bruce Peninsula, Ontario, Canada in alvar woodlands, and possibly also on lakeshore dunes. The very rare and local occurrences of silvery blue in southern Ontario in the past is in direct contrast to its increasing abundance in the area in present times, but the genetic and phenotypic diversity of silvery blue may be declining due to genetic mixing with and/or to the effect of increasing parasitoids from the expanding race.
Elevation‐dependent surface elevation gain in a tidal freshwater marsh and implications for marsh persistence
Authors: Cadol Daniel , Engelhardt Katharina , Elmore Andrew , Sanders Geoffrey 
Published: May 2014

Tidal marshes in equilibrium with rising sea level accrete material and gain elevation at a rate similar to sea level rise (SLR). Increased inundation, erosion, and marsh area loss occur where alterations to ecogeomorphic processes and feedbacks cause surface elevation gain to be less than SLR. Relationships between marsh platform elevation and surface elevation change have been observed in tidal salt marshes. In this study we expand this concept to tidal freshwater marshes by monitoring elevation change using surface elevation tables (SETs) and repeated surface elevation surveys. A novel method of survey differencing revealed elevation‐dependent rates of elevation change in our study site. Greater elevations were generally associated with decreased elevation gains. This relationship, however, was not monotonic but included a reversal to increasing gains from ∼ 0.2 m to 0.3 m elevation, leading to a local maximum elevation gain rate at ∼ 0.3 m elevation, about 0.3 half tide units above mean tide level. This localized accretion maximum could be caused by the elevation‐controlled distribution of marsh plant species, among other possibilities. Model projections of modern elevation change rates into the future suggested that high‐ and low‐marsh platforms would be maintained and even expanded for SLR rates between 2 and 4 mm yr−1. In our projections, rates of SLR < 2 mm yr−1 led to conversion of low marsh to high marsh, whereas rates from 4 to 6 mm yr−1 led to the reverse. SLR > 6 mm yr−1 led to conversion of marsh to open water. On average, surface elevations appear to be increasing at a rate similar to recent local SLR, although elevation change at some specific locations and within some elevation ranges may be less than SLR.
Biological‐ and physical‐induced oxygen dynamics in melting sea ice of the Fram Strait
Authors: Glud Ronnie N. , Rysgaard Søren , Turner Gavin , McGinnis Daniel F. , Leakey Raymond J. G. 
Published: May 2014

We investigated the production, consumption, and exchange of O2 in melting sea ice to assess the biological‐ and physical‐induced O2 turnover. The underside of the ice was covered with 5–20 cm3 large, buoyant algal aggregates. Their gross primary production amounted to 0.49 mmol C m−2 d−1, which was 4.5 times higher than the primary production of sea ice—encrusted microalgae (0.11 mmol C m−2 d−1). The phototrophic biomass of the aggregates (2.94 mg chlorophyll a m−2) was six times higher than that encountered in the sea ice itself. Taxono‐specific investigations strongly suggest that the aggregates were formed from agglutinated algae released from the melting ice. At the prevailing light conditions, the sea ice—encrusted communities were almost at metabolic balance, while the aggregates were net heterotrophic. Together, the two communities were responsible for an overall O2 consumption of 0.32 mmol m−2 d−1. The sea ice—associated communities thereby represent a southward‐drifting carbon source that is being exhausted by sea ice—affiliated food webs. The sea ice volume decreased rapidly, releasing meltwater at a rate 25 L m−2 d−1, but no surface melt ponds were formed. Aquatic eddy correlation (EC) measurements on the underside of the ice revealed a light‐dependent O2 exchange rate. However, the integrated signal resolved a net O2 uptake of 7.70 mmol m−2 d−1. The net O2 exchange was therefore dominated by the production of O2‐depleted meltwater rather than biological activity. The EC technique represents a new non‐invasive tool for O2 studies in sea ice communities.
Rotational Alignment Landmarks in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Baldini Andrea , Indelli Pier Francesco , Luca Manfredini PT , Marcucci Massimiliano 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We hypothesized that the anterior tibial surface curvature is a more reliable landmark for correct tibial component rotational positioning in TKA respect to the ‘Akagi’ line and the medial third of the tibial tubercle.

Methods
Three independent investigators reviewed 124 knee MRI scans, identifying independently the femoral transepicondylar axis (TEA), the femoral posterior condylar axis (PCA), a line connecting the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament and the medial edge of the patellar tendon attachment (Akagi's line), the medial third of the tibial tubercle and the anterior tibial surface curvature. The most appropriate tibial baseplate tracing for the NexGen Total Knee System (Zimmer, Warsaw, USA) was superimposed matching the anterior tibial cortex with its anterior surface. At this point, the rotation of the tibial plate tracing was calculated in respect to the TEA, the medial third of the tibial tubercle line, the Akagi's line and the PCA. Customized software was created and used for analysis of the MRI datasets.
Results: The investigators agreed on the localization of the Akagi's line in 64% of the cases within 3° and in 85% of the cases within 5° (minimum –16°, maximum –7°): this landmark might lead to internal rotation of the tibial component. The observers agreed on the localization of the medial third of the tibial tubercle in 29% of the cases within 3° and, in 70% of the cases, within 5° (minimum –4°, maximum +4°): this landmark might lead to external rotation of the tibial component. The investigators agreed on the localization of the anterior tibial surface curvature in 89% of the cases within 3° and in 99% of the cases within 5° (minimum –1°, maximum +4°): component alignment along the anterior cortex guaranteed full matching ±3° to the epicondylar axis in 75% of the knees.

Conclusion
Alignment of the tibial component, when based on the anterior tibial surface, was more reliable and easier identifiable than either the Akagi's line or the medial third of the tibial tubercle.

Level of evidence
Level 3 (Retrospective cohort study).
Indelli PF, Baldini A, Manfredini L, Marcucci M. Rotational Alignment Landmarks in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. The Duke Orthop J 2014;4(1):8-12.
La invisibilidad de las mujeres sin hogar en España
Authors: Fernández-Rasines Paloma , Gámez-Ramos Tamara 
Published: May 2014

La definición ETHOS, consensuada a nivel europeo en 2008, ha permitido incorporar categorías de sinhogarismo más allá de la intemperie cuya prevalencia es masculina. El presente estudio ha permitido desvelar que las mujeres aparecen afectadas muy significativamente en la categoría de vivienda insegura para el caso español. Esta nueva representación femenina en el sinhogarismo precisa el abordaje de intervenciones concretas con un enfoque de género. A través de una aproximación interdisciplinar desde el trabajo social y para las políticas públicas, esta investigación incorpora una doble vía explicativa con análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo. Como resultado se aporta la visibilización de las mujeres como objeto y sujeto de la investigación. Se ha realizado una cuantificación de las usuarias de servicios de alojamiento alternativo en un total de 40 programas del Área Metropolitana de Pamplona y se han analizado sus subjetividades a través del método etnográfico, biográfico, entrevistas y grupo de discusión.
Prospect for Cell Phones as Instructional Tools in the EFL Classroom: A Case Study of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Roksana 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThough mobile assisted language learning is an important issue in ELT in many countries, Bangladesh is far away from this method of learning. The present paper has focused on the mobile assisted language learning where the author has tried to explore the potential of cell phone usages as instructional tool in EFL classroom of Bangladesh. The researcher conducted a case study on Jahangirnagar University of Bangladesh. Some undergraduate EFL students participated in the study as subjects. To find out the benefits and challenges of using cell phones in the classroom, some SMS based class tests were conducted where the teachers sent mobile SMS to students as a means of instruction for teaching appropriate use of preposition and to find out the efficacy of SMS based class, a test was also taken via SMS and students also replied and students were given feedback through SMS. After that, students and teachers opinion regarding the cell phone usages; its benefits and inhibiting factors for the implementations in the EFL classroom are collected through students’ questionnaire, teacher interviews and classroom observation reports. The research results imply that cell phone has great potential as instructional tool despite some challenges that can be solved by the sincere attempts of the authority, teachers and by changing the ethical point of view that consider cell phones as mere a disturbing factor in the classroom. Some probable solutions for the challenges of using cell phone in the class are also presented. The study will be beneficial for educators of Bangladesh and many developing countries like Bangladesh. It will also be supportive for the EFL teachers and students who are always pursuing for more innovative way for teaching and learning English. Such studies are rare in Bangladesh, though some studies regarding m-learning are done by some researchers previously.
Trade Liberalization and Employment Performance of Textile and Clothing Industry in Tanzania
Authors: Olayiwola Wumi K. , Rutaihwa Johansein Ladislaus 
Published: May 2014

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization on employment performance of textile industry in Tanzania. The basic issue of concern is that the implementation of trade liberalization has differential impact on employment and wage in many African countries. In addressing this issue as well as achieving the objective, econometric models of employment and wage are estimated using co-integration method of analysis. The analysis shows that effective rate of protection and export intensity have an insignificant positive impact on demand for labour, but import penetration has a significant negative impact on employment. Also, only import penetration has a significant negative impact on wage. The impact of import penetration is larger than that of export orientation, as the increase in import competition leads to a decline in labour demand. These findings point to the fact that to make trade liberalization to be effectual in Tanzania, the process of trade reform needs to be gradual and also need to be strengthened with appropriate institutional support.
Stable Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein Expression After Differentiation and Transplantation of Reporter Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated by AAVS1 Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases
Authors: Luo Yongquan , Liu Chengyu , Cerbini Trevor , San Hong , Lin Yongshun , Chen Guokai , Rao Mahendra S. , Zou Jizhong 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell lines with tissue-specific or ubiquitous reporter genes are extremely useful for optimizing in vitro differentiation conditions as well as for monitoring transplanted cells in vivo. The adeno-associated virus integration site 1 (AAVS1) locus has been used as a “safe harbor” locus for inserting transgenes because of its open chromatin structure, which permits transgene expression without insertional mutagenesis. However, it is not clear whether targeted transgene expression at the AAVS1 locus is always protected from silencing when driven by various promoters, especially after differentiation and transplantation from hiPS cells. In this paper, we describe a pair of transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) that enable more efficient genome editing than the commercially available zinc finger nuclease at the AAVS1 site. Using these TALENs for targeted gene addition, we find that the cytomegalovirus-immediate early enhancer/chicken β-actin/rabbit β-globin (CAG) promoter is better than cytomegalovirus 7 and elongation factor 1α short promoters in driving strong expression of the transgene. The two independent AAVS1, CAG, and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) hiPS cell reporter lines that we have developed do not show silencing of EGFP either in undifferentiated hiPS cells or in randomly and lineage-specifically differentiated cells or in teratomas. Transplanting cardiomyocytes from an engineered AAVS1-CAG-EGFP hiPS cell line in a myocardial infarcted mouse model showed persistent expression of the transgene for at least 7 weeks in vivo. Our results show that high-efficiency targeting can be obtained with open-source TALENs and that careful optimization of the reporter and transgene constructs results in stable and persistent expression in vitro and in vivo.
Hierarchy of Breast Cancer Cells: Key to Reverse Dormancy for Therapeutic Intervention
Authors: Bliss Sarah A. , Greco Steven J. , Rameshwar Pranela 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Summary
An understanding of how cancer cells adapt dormancy would allow for targeted treatment. The current literature suggests that the cancer stem cells might be the major cells with the ability to become quiescent and to resist current drug treatment. The properties of cancer stem cells and healthy stem cells are functionally similar, thereby posing a challenge to target the dormant cells. The bone marrow is particularly a challenge because the dormant breast cancer cells are close to the endosteum, which is also home to the endogenous hematopoietic stem cells. Here we discuss how research studies could bring an understanding of the cellular and molecular interactions between the cancer stem cells and cells within the bone marrow microenvironment. This will allow for intervention to reverse dormancy for targeted treatment. The treatment will require studies within the normal organ functions to ensure treatment without toxicity.