bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Kidney Injury in Children after Cardiac Surgery and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Hossein Tajammal , Gharib Behdad , Gorgi Mojtaba , Aldokhi Mohamed Husein , Moghtaderi Mastaneh 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery, and its occurrence is associated with a worse prognosis and increased mortality. The term cardiac surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI) is used to describe the entity. CSA-AKI is independently associated with an increase in short-term morbidity, costs of treatment, and long-term mortality. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of CSA-AKI in an intensive care unit for children undergoing cardiac surgery to examine the prevalence of CSA-AKI and the risk factors contributing to it.

Methods:
This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated 73 patients admitted to a single center for cardiac surgery in 2022. Inpatient files were reviewed for patients who underwent surgical procedures for congenital heart disease (CHD) during 2022.

Results:
AKI occurred in 35.6% of children undergoing cardiac surgery. The majority of cases were infants or had cyanotic heart disease (42.5% and 25.8%, respectively).

Conclusions:
Almost one-third of postcardiac surgery patients develop AKI. Monitoring for AKI postoperatively is especially necessary in infants and patients with cyanotic CHD.
Hiatal Hernia-induced Dyspnea in a Patient with Ascites: Leveraging Point-of-care Ultrasound for Accurate Diagnosis
Authors: Krowicki Jéssica Sobreiros , de Azevedo Sofia Moura , Duarte Rodrigo , Mariz José 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A hiatal hernia (HH) is characterized by the protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal viscera into the mediastinum. The mechanism of increased intra-abdominal pressure is typically associated with this condition. When there are additional contributing factors causing increased abdominal pressure, like ascites resulting from chronic liver disease, it can exacerbate HH symptoms, including dyspnea. The incorporation of point-of-care ultrasonography as an integral component of physical examination enables a precise and objective assessment of dyspnea offering physicians additional clues regarding the underlying etiology. We present a case of a patient who was admitted to the emergency department due to dyspnea and ascites. Through the utilization of point-of-care ultrasound, the diagnosis of an HH was made, identifying it as one of the factors contributing to the patient’s shortness of breath.
Clinical Insights into Abdominal Cystic Lesions: A Spotlight on Differential Diagnoses and Prognosis through a Case Report
Authors: Gonzalez-Moneo Maria J , Corisco Miguel , Olivera Rocío , Salgado Pablo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article emphasizes the importance of accurate differential diagnosis in managing abdominal cystic lesions and it highlights the important role of primary care physicians in utilizing imaging tools, especially ultrasound, for accurate screening diagnoses. Various potential diagnoses for abdominal cystic lesions are discussed.
Photoaging versus Chronological Aging – A Histological Study on Human Female Skin
Authors: Sabu Godly Sara , Romi S. , Sajey P. S. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Photoaging of skin is the premature and irreversible aging occurring due to sunlight exposure, mainly ultraviolet radiation. Due to changes in the structure of DNA, it is considered to be dangerous. Photoaging occurs most commonly in the exposed areas of the skin. Pigmentation, tanning, freckles, and age spots are some of its manifestations, which can even lead to cancer. In sun-protected areas, these features are less observed. A deeper understanding of the normal microscopic features of all age groups is indispensable for advanced detection of the pathology of photo exposure, if any. Hence, a descriptive study on the histology of human female skin based on the effect of sunlight exposure was conducted with the aim of finding out the influence of sunlight on skin aging.

Methodology:
Thirty-four tissue samples of human skin, each from the ventral wall of the abdomen and extensor aspect of the forearm from female bodies subjected to autopsy were collected and grouped into two different categories based on sunlight exposure. The changes in the thickness of the epidermis were observed in four different age groups using hematoxylin and eosin stains. The statistics obtained were organized with the help of a master chart in Microsoft Excel and examined. Mean and P values were analyzed.

Results:
Mean epidermal thickness of exposed and unexposed skin showed an increase chronologically (P < 0.001) up to 60 years. The exposed skin showed significantly more epidermal thickness than unexposed skin (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Mean epidermal thickness in females is significantly higher in exposed skin than in unexposed skin in all age groups.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Pediatric Demyelinating Disorders in Calabar, Nigeria: A Case Series
Authors: Torty C , Eyong KI , Nwachukwu K , Asindi AA 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare disorders characterized by inflammation and the selective destruction of CNS myelin. The incidence of this disorder is increasing in developed countries. Nigerian studies on the pediatric population on the subject are very scarce.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to document the epidemiology, clinical profile, and impact of late presentation on the treatment outcome of demyelinating diseases of the CNS in pediatric patients.

Methods:
The retrospective review of patients aged 1–15 years admitted in a tertiary hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 with various symptoms suggestive of demyelinating CNS disorders. The diagnosis was clinically and radiologically confirmed. Information retrieved from the case notes included patients’ demographics, clinical symptoms and signs, number of days with symptoms to presentation in the hospital, results of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), treatment, and treatment outcomes. Data were entered in Excel sheet and results were presented in tables and percentages.

Results:
The incidence of demyelinating disorders over the period was 0.013% (10 out of 769 patients admitted over the period). Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) was the most common disorder seen in the study population (60%, n = 6), followed by transverse myelitis and two (20%) had optic neuritis (ON). Most of the patients with ADEM were in the 1–5-year age group. The female-to-male ratio was 2.3:1. Paraplegia, visual impairment, and ataxia were the most common clinical presentations in the study population. One of the patients met the criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis during follow-up. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was identified as the cause of demyelination in one case. Most of the patients improved with steroids.

Conclusion:
ADEM was the most common clinical phenotype seen in this study. Patients with ADEM and ON had a better prognosis than transverse myelitis. Late presentation was also identified as a poor prognostic factor. Follow-up of cases is very important to monitor disease progression to multiple sclerosis.
Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Prescription and Consumption in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A Gateway to the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program
Authors: Nwafia IN , Nwachukwu PT , Orakwe O , Ebede SO , Amagwu C , Aroh A , Orabueze O , Ndubueze C , Okeke P , Ijere O , Izundu D , Ohanu M , Ozumba U , Oduyebo O , Versporten A 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Antimicrobial stewardship is an important action plan for curbing the rising trend of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Surveillance of antimicrobial use and consumption is needed as baseline data and for monitoring the impact of antimicrobial stewardship interventions. The survey was done to understand the burden of AMR, in view of establishing an antimicrobial stewardship program in our hospital.

Methods:
A point prevalence survey (PPS) of antimicrobial use and consumption was conducted on all inpatients admitted before 8.00 am on the days of the survey using a standardized questionnaire. The collected data were entered online into the Global PPS web-based application (www.global-pps.com), for analysis.

Result:
Of the 178 patients admitted during the survey period, 50.6% were on one or more antimicrobial agents. All the patients in adult intensive care units were on antibiotics (100%), followed by neonatal intensive care units (83.3%), with the least being adult medical wards (39.4%). Beta-lactam antibiotics were the most frequently prescribed antimicrobial for various infections, especially skin and soft tissue infections, 41.3%, which were the most common diagnoses treated with antibiotics. The infection was mostly community-acquired (81.6%), of which 94.9% were treated empirically. There was no written guideline in existence.

Conclusion:
The present study revealed a poor prescribing habit because of a high rate of empirical treatment. The need for antimicrobial stewardship cannot be overemphasized as it will help streamline and improve the prescribing pattern.
Impact of Piezo and other Osteotomy Models on Soft Tissue, Blood Oxidative Stress, and Proinflammatory Markers
Authors: Kaplan O , Arıcıgil M , Erdem RO , Abakir N , Eravcı FC , Arbag H 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Rhinoplasty is a common surgical procedure used in nose esthetics and pathologies. Shaping the nasal bones is a crucial step in achieving successful rhinoplasty surgery. However, complications such as excessive bleeding, edema, mucosal damage, and periosteal damage may occur during osteotomy for nose shaping.

Aim:
To investigate the damage to soft tissue and the effects on oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in the blood caused by osteotomy performed on rabbits, using different osteotomy methods. Methods: Thirty-two albino New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups. Group A was the sham group (n = 8), Group B the piezoelectric device group (n = 8), Group C the manual saw group (n = 8), and Group D the classical osteotomy group (n = 8). About 3 ml of blood was drawn to compare preoperative and postoperative interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and glutathione (GSH) levels. A 1 mm3 piece of soft tissue from the nasal bone of each animal in the study groups was sent for histopathological examination. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the incidence of postoperative necrosis, inflammation, and edema in the groups.

Results:
Histopathologically, edema was significantly higher in Group C and Group D compared to Group B. Inflammation was increased in all groups. The necrosis was significantly higher in Group B compared to Group C and Group D. Except for two parameters, no significant changes were found in the biochemical markers for all groups.

Conclusions:
The piezoelectric device was found to be a better option for reducing edema and inflammation, while manual saws and classical osteotomy may lead to more tissue damage.
Evaluation of Dental Plaque Area with Artificial Intelligence Model
Authors: Yüksel B , Özveren N , Yeşil Ç 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) system employing deep learning for identifying dental plaque, utilizing a dataset comprising photographs of permanent teeth.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, photographs of 168 teeth belonging to 20 patients aged between 10 and 15 years, who met our criteria, were included. Intraoral photographs were taken of the patients in two stages, before and after the application of the plaque staining agent. To train the AI system to identify plaque on teeth with dental plaque that is not discolored, plaque and teeth were marked on photos with exposed dental plaque. One hundred forty teeth were used to construct the training group, while 28 teeth were used to create the test group. Another dentist reviewed images of teeth with dental plaque that was not discolored, and the effectiveness of AI in detecting plaque was evaluated using pertinent performance indicators. To compare the AI model and the dentist’s evaluation outcomes, the mean intersection over union (IoU) values were evaluated by the Wilcoxon test.

Results:
The AI system showed higher performance in our study with a precision of 82% accuracy, 84% sensitivity, 83% F1 score, 87% accuracy, and 89% specificity in plaque detection. The area under the curve (AUC) value was found to be 0.922, and the IoU value was 76%. Subsequently, the dentist’s plaque diagnosis performance was also evaluated. The IoU value was 0.71, and the AUC was 0.833. The AI model showed statistically significantly higher performance than the dentist (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The AI algorithm that we developed has achieved promising results and demonstrated clinically acceptable performance in detecting dental plaque compared to a dentist.
Evaluation of liver fibrosis by non-invasive markers (transient elastography vs. APRI, FIB-4, and FORNS) in chronic hepatitis C virus carriers in a low-income country
Authors: Servais Albert Fiacre Eloumou Bagnaka , Tatiana Bekolo Nga Winnie , Guy Roger Nsenga Djapa , Antonin Ndjitoyap Ndam , Arielle Tchapda , Agnes Malongue , Dominique Noah Noah , Firmin Ankouane Andoulo , Christian Tzeuton , Henri Luma Namme 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground:The interest in evaluating hepatic fibrosis stems from the fact that the risk of developing cirrhosis following hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is estimated at 10%–20%. The aim of this study was to identify feasible, accessible, and affordable non-invasive methods other than transient elastography (TE) in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in a resource-limited country.Materials and Methods:This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted over 24 months in two health facilities in Douala, Cameroon. All chronically infected HCV patients who had undergone a TE were enrolled. In this study, TE was considered the gold standard for evaluating hepatic fibrosis. Other non-invasive markers considered were the aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio (APRI) index, fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and FORNS scores. The sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of each marker to determine significant fibrosis and cirrhosis were calculated for different thresholds, and the best Se/Sp ratio evaluated by the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve.Results:One hundred eighty-four patients were enrolled. The mean age was 56.2 ± 10.6 years with a female predominance. There was a positive correlation between TE and the FIB-4 score, the APRI score, and the FORNS score. The threshold values to predict significant fibrosis for the FIB-4, APRI, and FORNS score were 2, 0.5, and 7.6, respectively. The threshold values to predict cirrhosis for the FIB-4, APRI, and FORNS scores were 3.2, 1.3, and 9.6, respectively.Conclusion:The FIB-4 score is the best at predicting significant fibrosis, while the APRI and FIB-4 scores are the best at predicting cirrhosis in hepatitis C patients when compared to TE as the gold standard.
Prevalence, patterns, and risk factors for endoscopy-related musculoskeletal injuries among endoscopists in Nigeria
Authors: Onyia Chinwe Philomena , Adiri Winifred Njideka , Ugwuanyi Joy , Asogwa Promise Udoka , Chukwurah Shirley , Anigbo Gideon Ekene , Ede Jude Kenechukwu , Enemuo Vincent , Obienu Olive , Ijoma Uchenna Nkemdilim , Nwokediuko Sylvester Chuks 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Musculoskeletal issues are quite common among endoscopists especially considering the complexity of GI endoscopy with prolonged examination time. In particular, the combination of repetitive movements, long procedure time, high volume and setup of the endoscopy suite provide the basis for these health issues. Considering the increasing number of new endoscopic interventional and diagnostic procedures, ergonomics in gastrointestinal endoscopy has not been addressed to the same extent. There has been no study on musculoskeletal injuries among practicing endoscopists in Nigeria. This study was designed to study the prevalence, patterns and risk factors for endoscopy-related musculoskeletal injuries among endoscopists in Nigeria.

Methods:
This was a nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire-based study in which practicing endoscopists in Nigeria were administered an online Google form. The questions on the questionnaire were adapted from the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). The questionnaire also included social demographic variables. There were 66 respondents which included gastroenterology physicians and surgeons. Data was analyzed with IBM-SPSS version 25. Inferential statistics was done using chi-square with p-value set at 0.05.

Results:
The Prevalence of endoscopy-related musculoskeletal injuries among endoscopists in Nigeria is very high. The commonest sites affected were the wrist/hands, lower back, neck and shoulders. These injuries prevented about one-third of the endoscopists from carrying out their normal activities while the injuries were severe enough to necessitate therapy in more than two-thirds of the respondents. The only statistically significant risk factor for endoscopy-related musculoskeletal injury was female sex.

Conclusion:
Most of the endoscopists in Nigeria have not had any form of training on ergonomics. While most of the endoscopists adopted the correct posture while performing endoscopies, a significant number did not practice ergonomic timeout nor use the finger grip technique. Thus there was a knowledge gap as well as a practice gap. A proper ergonomic education is a key step in preventing endoscopy-related musculoskeletal injury.
Stand-alone pars plana vitrectomy versus pars plana vitrectomy with retinopexy for retinal vasoproliferative tumors
Authors: Grassi Piergiacomo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to compare surgical indications, functional outcomes, and postoperative complications of stand-alone pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) versus PPV with retinopexy for retinal vasoproliferative tumors (RVPTs).

METHODS:
Retrospective multicenter cohort study: 12 consecutive pars plana vitrectomies in 12 eyes with RVPTs performed either stand alone (Group S), or associated with intraoperative retinopexy on the RVPT (Group R) between April 2017 and December 2020 were included.

RESULTS:
Surgical indications included epiretinal membranes (ERMs) (42%), vitreous opacities (25%), recurrent-persistent vitreous hemorrhage (VH) (17%), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (8%), and biopsy of retinal lesion (8%). The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.97 ± 0.78 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) in Group S and 1.09 ± 0.67 in Group R (P = 0.344). The mean postoperative follow-up was 29.33 ± 8.73 in Group S and 27.66 ± 16.93 months in Group R (P = 0.424). The mean postoperative BCVA was 1.29 ± 0.94 logMAR in Group S and 0.32 ± 0.19 in Group R (P = 0.115). Compared to preoperatively, postoperative BCVAs significantly improved in Group R (P = 0.012). The final BCVA ≥20/80 logMAR was achieved in 2 (33%) cases in Group S and in 6 (100%) cases in Group R. Complications included recurrent-persistent VH (n = 3) and dragged fovea (n = 1) in Group S (67%) and ERM (n = 1), cystoid macular edema (n = 1), and subretinal exudation (n = 1) in Group R (50%).

CONCLUSION:
Vitrectomy in RVPTs seemed efficacious and safe for certain indications. Functional outcomes and complications appeared to be superior in eyes which underwent retinopexy on RVPTs compared to the stand-alone vitrectomy group.
Effect of viscosity on reservoir deliverability of greenfield, Niger-Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Adepehin Damilare Stephen , Anu L. C. , Babinisi Ayodeji Bodunde , Odudu Abimbola Isaac , Olajide Temitayo Adenike , Awosika Damilola Doctor , Ikusika Akintayo 
Published: June 2024

Reservoir deliverability has been a concern in exploration geosciences as it determines the volume of hydrocarbon that is exploitable from a reservoir. In this research, we recorded the viscosity (η) of fluid from Green field in order for us to have an idea of its deliverability. Different quantity of heat was injected in the form of steam into Green reservoir fluids at every 30 minutes interval and the changes in the viscosity at every considered temperature were estimated to determine the reservoir deliverability. Reservoir fluid from Green field were collected every 30 minutes interval to obtain its terminal velocity (VT ) which is needed to estimate η. The viscosity and deliverability of the reservoir in percentage were 5.073 Nsm-2 and 40% before the injection of steam. Each of the 30 minutes interval of temperature increase after the injection of steam showed a direct variation of the temperature with VT and an indirect variation with η of the fluids. Each of the reservoir fluids collected for five different times from Green field were divided into five portions. After steam injection, the first, second, third, fourth and the fifth collected fluids, respectively, produced an average VT and η of 2.83 ms-1 and 2.164 Nsm-2 , 3.89 ms-1 and 1.576 Nsm-2 , 4.82 ms-1 and 1.272 Nsm-2 , 5.92 ms-1 and 1.034 Nsm-2 and 7.07 ms-1 and 0.865 Nsm-2 which depicts easy movement of hydrocarbon as temperature increases. The percentage average deliverability of the reservoir after the application of heat at five different 30 minutes interval temperature change becomes 53.44% which showed clearly that for non-volatile hydrocarbon, reservoir deliverability can be improved upon by injecting heat as it reduces viscosity and enhances easy mobility of hydrocarbon up the wells.