bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making polymeric membranes antifouling via “grafting from” polymerization of zwitterions
Authors: Li Qian , Imbrogno Joseph , Belfort Georges , Wang Xiao‐Lin 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTProtein‐fouling of membranes has negative effects on the wide applications of membrane materials, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(ether sulfone) (PES)/polysulfone (PSf). Zwitterionic materials have recently been used and identified from high throughput screens of large libraries of monomers to modify membranes due to their stable anti‐protein‐fouling properties. “Grafting from” polymerization is a technique involving monomers that are polymerized using an initiation reaction on the membrane surface. It is regarded as a simple, useful, and versatile modification approach to increase the anti‐fouling properties of a membrane. This strategy provides controllable introduction of graft chains with a high density and a long‐term chemical stability due to covalent attachment of graft chains. Graft density, chemistry, chain length, and conformation are all important parameters that need to be considered. This article presents a mini‐review of recent progress on the “grafting from” polymerization of zwitterionic monomers on the surfaces of PVDF and PES/PSf membranes, including an introduction of zwitterions and methods of graft polymerization. Various approaches such as free radical graft polymerization, photo‐induced graft polymerization, and plasma‐induced graft polymerization were compared based on uniformity and amount of grafted zwitterionic polymer, relative flux of modified membranes, simplicity and environment pollution of operation, and cost of technique. The application of different approaches and the performance of poly(zwitterion)‐grafted PVDF and PES/PSf membranes are summarized according to recent research. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41781.
Matrix influence on the piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite exhibiting particle alignment
Authors: Mamada Shogo , Yaguchi Naoyuki , Hansaka Masanori , Yamato Masafumi , Yoshida Hirohisa 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis study was addressed to the influence of an electric field strength applied at fabrication process and matrix properties, such as the dielectric constant and the Young's modulus, on “pseudo‐1‐3 piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite” in order to further enhance the piezoelectricity of that. The pseudo‐1‐3 piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite consists of linearly ordered piezoelectric ceramic particles in polymer material. Silicone gel, silicone rubber, urethane rubber, and poly‐methyl‐methacrylate, which exhibit different dielectric constants and Young's modulus, were used as matrices to evaluate the matrix influence. The piezoelectricity of the pseudo‐1‐3 piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite was evaluated using the piezoelectric strain constant d33. The d33 is one of the indices of the piezoelectric properties for piezoelectric materials. As a result, it was confirmed that d33 of the pseudo‐1‐3 piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite increased with the increase of the electric filed strength applied at fabrication process, though, it reached a constant value at a certain strength value. Further it was confirmed that dielectric constant of the matrix had a small influence on d33 of the pseudo‐1‐3 piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite, however, in case of matrix of lower Young's modulus, d33 was increase. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41817.
Miscibility behavior of epoxy thermosets loaded with an oligophosphonate
Authors: Carja Ionela‐Daniela , Serbezeanu Diana , Vlad‐Bubulac Tachita , Hamciuc Corneliu , Forrat Pérez Vicente , Romero Sánchez Maria Dolores , Guillem López Celia , Fuensanta Soriano Mónica 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, a commercial epoxy resin was mixed with a phosphorus‐containing oligomer and thermally cross‐linked using a mixture of two aliphatic amines as curing agents. The miscibility and the influence of the phosphorus‐containing oligomer on the characteristics of epoxy thermosets were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. SEM revealed that phosphorus‐containing oligomer was well dispersed into the epoxy matrix. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated an increase in storage modulus as the phosphorus‐containing oligomer content loaded into epoxy matrix increased. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the onset temperature of phosphorus‐containing epoxy thermosets and the peak corresponding to the temperature of decomposition decreased compared with the ones corresponding to the neat epoxy system, whereas the char yield increased with the increase in phosphorus content added into the epoxy networks. To better understand the mechanism of action of phosphorus‐containing epoxy thermosets, the char residue was investigated by SEM and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41822.
Impact of nanoclay on physicomechanical and thermal analysis of polyvinyl alcohol/fumed silica/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Lai Josephine Chang‐Hui , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Hamdan Sinin , Liew Fui Kiew , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Hossen Md. Faruk 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/fumed silica/clay nanocomposites are prepared via solution intercalation by exploiting phase separation based on the bridging of particles by polymer chains. PVA/fumed silica/clay nanocomposites are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Mechanical properties are determined by universal testing machine. From FTIR results, it indicates that IR spectrum for PVA/fumed silica/clay nanocomposites, especially PVA/fumed silica/clay (1.30E) nanocomposites, is much broader than pure PVA and other clay nanocomposites. The better interfacial bonding between PVA/fumed silica/clay (1.30E) nanocomposites are reflected in the improvement of the mechanical properties as well as thermal stability. The surface area analysis result proves that the PVA/fumed silica/clay (1.30E) nanocomposites have higher surface area and pore volume with less pore size. With the addition of 1.30E clay to the composite system, the tensile strength and modulus had shown the highest values as well as higher activation energy for thermal decomposition. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41843.
Viscoelastic properties of polyaniline–emeraldine base nanostructured films: Experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Bahramian Alireza 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTComprehensive exploration of the viscoelastic properties of polyaniline–emeraldine base (PANI–EB) nanostructured films is presented from two viewpoints of experimental study associated with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and thermogravimetric measurements and of computational simulations by molecular dynamics (MD) approach. The results are expressed in storage and loss modulus components (E′ andE″). The role of drying temperature, time, and residual solvent content were studied on theE′ andE″ of prepared PANI–EB films. Using the principle of time–temperature superposition,E′ andE″ at different temperatures and frequencies can be plotted on master curves. The relationship between the modulus components with the solvation level of PANI–EB film is also studied. MD simulation is applied to study the viscoelasticity of simulated PANI structures with different monomeric aniline chains. The temperature dependence of viscoelastic properties provides good information for fractional free volume, cavity size distribution, and activation energy of PANI structures. Simulation outcomes provide a fairly good compatibility with the experimental results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41858.
Solar forcing of Earth's surface temperature in PMIP3 simulations of the last millennium
Authors: Le Thanh 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study quantitatively diagnose the linkage between Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and Earth's near‐surface air temperature (TAS) of past 1000‐year as simulated by Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project 3 (PMIP3) models. The results demonstrate that there is causal feedback of TAS from TSI variations, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions. The consistency between models in simulating solar signal in TAS responses is significant in these regions with more than 70% selected models showing agreement. There is no agreement between models in simulating TSI‐TAS relationship in mid and high latitude regions.
Biomimetic Oxidation with Fe‐ZSM‐5 and H2O2? Identification of an Active, Extra‐Framework Binuclear Core and an FeIIIOOH Intermediate with Resonance‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Hammond Ceri , Hermans Ive , Dimitratos Nikolaos 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDeveloping inorganic materials that can mimic nature’s ability to selectively oxidise inert CH bonds remains a topic of intense scientific research. In recent years, zeolitic materials containing Fe and/or Cu have been shown to be highly active, heterogeneous catalysts for the selective oxidation of alkanes (including methane), amongst a range of other related oxidation challenges. By using resonance‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrate that, following high‐temperature pre‐treatment (activation), Fe‐containing ZSM‐5 possesses an active binuclear core, and forms a key FeOOH intermediate upon activation with H2O2. Both factors are reminiscent of biological oxidation catalysts, and may account for the unique ability of this material to selectively oxidise methane to methanol at low temperature.
Electrochemical Properties of Substituted 2‐Methyl‐1,4‐Naphthoquinones: Redox Behavior Predictions
Authors: Elhabiri Mourad , Sidorov Pavel , Cesar‐Rodo Elena , Marcou Gilles , Lanfranchi Don Antoine , Davioud‐Charvet Elisabeth , Horvath Dragos , Varnek Alexandre 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn the context of the investigation of drug‐induced oxidative stress in parasitic cells, electrochemical properties of a focused library of polysubstituted menadione derivatives were studied by cyclic voltammetry. These values were used, together with compatible measurements from literature (quinones and related compounds), to build and evaluate a predictive structure–redox potential model (quantitative structure–property relationship, QSPR). Able to provide an online evaluation (through Web interface) of the oxidant character of quinones, the model is aimed to help chemists targeting their synthetic efforts towards analogues of desired redox properties
Cu‐Promoted Sydnone Cycloadditions of Alkynes: Scope and Mechanism Studies
Authors: Comas‐Barceló Júlia , Foster Robert S. , Fiser Béla , Gomez‐Bengoa Enrique , Harrity Joseph P. A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCu salts have been found to promote the cycloaddition reaction of sydnones and terminal alkynes, providing significant reduction in reaction times. Specifically, the use of Cu(OTf)2 is found to provide 1,3‐disubstituted pyrazoles, whereas simply switching the promoter system to Cu(OAc)2 allows the corresponding 1,4‐isomers to be produced. The mechanism of the Cu‐effect in each case has been investigated by experimental and theoretical studies, and they suggest that Cu(OTf)2 functions by Lewis acid activation of the sydnone, whereas Cu(OAc)2 promotes formation of reactive CuI acetylides.
Outcomes Associated With Preoperative Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children Undergoing Heart Operation for Congenital Heart Disease: A Multi‐institutional Analysis
Authors: Gupta Punkaj , Robertson Michael J. , Beam Brandon W. , Rettiganti Mallikarjuna 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere are
very sparse data on patient outcomes related to the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) prior to heart operation in children with congenital heart disease. This study was designed to evaluate this association using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database.HypothesisWe hypothesize that patients receiving ECMO prior to heart operation will have worse outcomes, including mortality, compared with patients receiving ECMO after heart operation.MethodsPatients age ≤18 years receiving ECMO before or after pediatric heart operation (with or without cardiopulmonary bypass) at a PHIS‐participating hospital from 2004 to 2013 were included. Multivariable logistic regression or Cox proportional‐hazards models were fitted to study the effect of timing of ECMO initiation in relation to cardiac surgery on study outcomes.ResultsA total of 3498 patients from 42 hospitals qualified for inclusion. Of these, 494 (14%) received ECMO prior to heart operation (presurgery ECMO) and 3004 (86%) received ECMO after heart operation (postsurgery ECMO). Unadjusted mortality was significantly lower in the presurgery ECMO group compared with the postsurgery ECMO group (30% vs 45%; P < 0.0001). After adjusting for patient and center characteristics, odds of mortality were significantly lower in the presurgery ECMO group (odds ratio: 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.36‐0.59, P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in ECMO duration, length of hospital stay, and hospital charges between the 2 groups in adjusted models.ConclusionsThis study suggests that ECMO can be used with satisfactory outcomes prior to heart operation in children with congenital heart disease.
Stereological study of pyramidal neurons in the human superior temporal gyrus from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Barger Nicole , Sheley Matthew F. , Schumann Cynthia M. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe association cortex of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) is implicated in complex social and linguistic functions. Thus, reliable methods for quantifying cellular variation in this region could greatly benefit researchers interested in addressing the cellular correlates of typical and atypical function associated with these critical cognitive abilities. To facilitate this task, we first present a general set of cytoarchitectonic criteria targeted specifically toward stereological analyses of thick, Nissl‐stained sections for the homotypical cortex of the STG, referred to here as BA22/TA. Second, we use the optical fractionator to estimate pyramidal neuron number and the nucleator for pyramidal somal and nuclear volume. We also investigated the influence of age and sex on these parameters, as well as set a typically developing baseline for future comparisons.In 11 typically developing cases aged 4–48 years, the most distinguishing features of BA22/TA were the presence of distinct granular layers, a prominent, jagged layer IIIc, and a distinctly staining VIa. The average number of neurons was 91 ± 15 million, the volume of pyramidal soma 1,512 µm3, and the nuclear volume 348 µm3. We found no correlation with age and neuron number. In contrast, pyramidal somal and nuclear volume were both negatively correlated and linearly associated with age in regression analyses. We found no significant sex differences. Overall, the data support the idea that postnatal neuron numbers are relatively stable through development but also suggest that neuronal volume may be subject to important developmental variation. Both measures are critical variables in the study of developmental neuropathology. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1054–1072, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential coexpression of FoxP1, FoxP2, and FoxP4 in the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) song system
Authors: Mendoza Ezequiel , Tokarev Kirill , Düring Daniel N. , Retamosa Eva Camarillo , Weiss Michael , Arpenik Nshdejan , Scharff Constance 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHeterozygous disruptions of the Forkhead transcription factor FoxP2 impair acquisition of speech and language. Experimental downregulation in brain region Area X of the avian ortholog FoxP2 disrupts song learning in juvenile male zebra finches. In vitro, transcriptional activity of FoxP2 requires dimerization with itself or with paralogs FoxP1 and FoxP4. Whether this is the case in vivo is unknown. To provide the means for future functional studies we cloned FoxP4 from zebra finches and compared regional and cellular coexpression of FoxP1, FoxP2, and FoxP4 mRNA and protein in brains of juvenile and adult male zebra finches. In the telencephalic song nuclei HVC, RA, and Area X, the three investigated FoxPs were either expressed alone or occurred in specific combinations with each other, as shown by double in situ hybridization and triple immunohistochemistry. FoxP1 and FoxP4 but not FoxP2 were expressed in RA and in the HVCRA and HVCX projection neurons. In Area X and the surrounding striatum the density of neurons expressing all three FoxPs together or FoxP1 and FoxP4 together was significantly higher than the density of neurons expressing other combinations. Interestingly, the proportions of Area X neurons expressing particular combinations of FoxPs remained constant at all ages. In addition, FoxP‐expressing neurons in adult Area X express dopamine receptors 1A, 1B, and 2. Together, these data provide the first evidence that Area X neurons can coexpress all avian FoxP subfamily members, thus allowing for a variety of regulatory possibilities via heterodimerization that could impact song behavior in zebra finches. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1318–1340, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Q Curvature on a Class of 3‐Manifolds
Authors: Hang Fengbo , Yang Paul C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMotivated by the strong maximum principle for the Paneitz operator in dimension 5 or higher found in a preprint by Gursky and Malchiodi and the calculation of the second variation of the Green's function pole's value on 𝕊3 in our preprint, we study the Riemannian metric on 3‐manifolds with positive scalar and Q curvature. Among other things, we show it is always possible to find a constant Q curvature metric in the conformal class. Moreover, the Green's function is always negative away from the pole, and the pole's value vanishes if and only if the Riemannian manifold is conformal diffeomorphic to the standard 𝕊3. Compactness of constant Q curvature metrics in a conformal class and the associated Sobolev inequality are also discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Follow‐up mortality study of compulsorily treated patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Ward Anne , Ramsay Rosalind , Russell Gerald , Treasure Janet 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn a previous study we found that compulsory inpatient treatment was associated with an increase in the number of deaths over the following 5 years when compared to non‐compulsory admission. This study aimed to examine the longer term mortality of patients admitted compulsorily.MethodThe mortality outcome of patients with a compulsory admission (n = 81) and a comparison group (n = 81) of patients admitted to the specialized eating disorder unit at the Maudsley Hospital in the period 1983‐95 was traced over two decades through the National Register held by the National Health Service (NHS) Central Register.ResultsApproximately 20 years following admission there were 27 deaths in the series. The standardized mortality rate in the compulsory treatment group no longer differed significantly from that of the non‐compulsory group. The suicides were not particularly linked with compulsory admission.DiscussionAlthough the mortality in the 5 years following a compulsory admission is higher than that seen in the non‐compulsory patients, this difference is attenuated over time. The overall standardized mortality rate remains elevated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:860–865)
Dietary sodium modulation of aldosterone activation and renal function during the progression of experimental heart failure
Authors: Miller Wayne L. , Borgeson Daniel D. , Grantham J. Aaron , Luchner Andreas , Redfield Margaret M. , Burnett John C. 
Published: December 2014

AimsAldosterone activation is central to the sodium–fluid retention that marks the progression of heart failure (HF). The actions of dietary sodium restriction, a mainstay in HF management, on cardiorenal and neuroendocrine adaptations during the progression of HF are poorly understood. The study aim was to assess the role of dietary sodium during the progression of experimental HF.Methods and resultsExperimental HF was produced in a canine model by rapid right ventricular pacing which evolves from early mild HF to overt, severe HF. Dogs were fed one of three diets: (i) high sodium [250 mEq (5.8 g) per day, n =6]; (ii) standard sodium [58 mEq (1.3 g) per day, n =6]; and (iii) sodium restriction [11 mEq (0.25 g) per day, n =6]. During the 38‐day study, haemodynamics, renal function, plasma renin activity (PRA), and aldosterone were measured. Changes in haemodynamics at 38 days were similar in all three groups, as were changes in renal function. Aldosterone activation was demonstrated in all three groups; however, dietary sodium restriction, in contrast to high sodium, resulted in early (10 days) activation of PRA and aldosterone. High sodium demonstrated significant suppression of aldosterone activation over the course of HF progression.ConclusionsExcessive dietary sodium restriction particularly in early stage HF results in early aldosterone activation, while normal and excess sodium intake are associated with delayed or suppressed activation. These findings warrant evaluation in humans to determine if dietary sodium manipulation, particularly during early stage HF, may have a significant impact on neuroendocrine disease progression.
A versatile electrophoresis‐based self‐test platform
Authors: Staal Steven , Ungerer Mathijn , Floris Arjan , Ten Brinke Hans‐Willem , Helmhout Roy , Tellegen Marian , Janssen Kjeld , Karstens Erik , van Arragon Charlotte , Lenk Stefan , Staijen Erik , Bartholomew Jody , Krabbe Hans , Movig Kris , Dubský Pavel , van den Berg Albert , Eijkel Jan 
Published: December 2014

This paper reports on recent research creating a family of electrophoresis‐based point of care devices for the determination of a wide range of ionic analytes in various sample matrices. These devices are based on a first version for the point‐of‐care measurement of Li+, reported in 2010 by Floris et al. (Lab Chip 2010, 10, 1799–1806). With respect to this device, significant improvements in accuracy, precision, detection limit, and reliability have been obtained especially by the use of multiple injections of one sample on a single chip and integrated data analysis. Internal and external validation by clinical laboratories for the determination of analytes in real patients by a self‐test is reported. For Li+ in blood better precision than the standard clinical determination for Li+ was achieved. For Na+ in human urine the method was found to be within the clinical acceptability limits. In a veterinary application, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were determined in bovine blood by means of the same chip, but using a different platform. Finally, promising preliminary results are reported with the Medimate platform for the determination of creatinine in whole blood and quantification of both cations and anions through replicate measurements on the same sample with the same chip.