bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The adoption of customer relationship management (CRM) technology in SMEs
Authors: Nguyen ThuyUyen H. , Waring Teresa S. 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to use an innovation decision process to examine CRM technology adoption in small to medium-sized enterprises and its intrinsic link to the nature of the organisation and the individuals within it.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey was administered to SMEs in Southern California to measure the organisational characteristics, specifically management characteristics, employee characteristics, IT resources and firm characteristics. The perception of CRM, decision to adopt CRM, and extent of CRM implementation were also measured. Previously validated instruments were used where required. The data were analysed using multivariate and logistic regression.

Findings
– The results indicate that management's innovativeness affects the firm's perception of CRM systems, but age, education and gender do not. The decision to implement a CRM system is influenced by management's perception of CRM, employee involvement, the firm's size, its perceived market position, but not the industry sector. However, the number and types of CRM features implemented are affected by management's perception of CRM, employee involvement, the firm's size, the industry sector, but not its perceived market position.

Research limitations/implications
– This study is specific to Southern California and the sample size is relatively small, although sufficient for this analysis. The study should be replicated in more diverse geographic settings with a larger sample.

Practical implications
– The study provides evidence of the need for management to be supportive of innovation and technology, to evaluate the available resources (IT knowledge, skills, infrastructure) within the organisation, to recognise the importance of employees' contributions, and to be aware of the features appropriate to their company's size and industry sector before undertaking CRM technology adoption.

Originality/value
– The findings from this study extend the understanding of CRM adoption in SMEs and help in building a greater understanding of the factors associated with such adoption. It will be of great value to owners/managers in SMEs who are considering adopting CRM.
A qualitative study of innovation diffusion: the novel case of a small firm and KTP
Authors: Choudrie Jyoti , Culkin Nigel 
Published: December 2013

Purpose– Using the case study of a small firm this research study aims to understand the actions required for diffusion of an innovation in a small firm.Design/methodology/approach– The research used a qualitative approach involving interviews, referring to archival documentation and observations to understand the actions required for diffusing an innovation in an SME.Findings– From this case study various institutional actions specific to a small firm were identified as a result of government intervention. Classic theories of adoption and use such as, TAM, TPB, TRA or DoI can quantify measures but cannot explain the impact of the actions that the applied Kinget al.framework did. Further, although these actions are not directly evident, using the qualitative findings and analysis it can be seen that they are important for the diffusion of an innovation. It can also be learnt that these institutional actions can be vitally important for the growth and development of a future innovation. Although the role of government intervention was small in monetary terms, the mere presence of government representation was critical to ensure that the proposed plans and measures were implemented in the appropriate manner and at the appropriate time, both for the small firm and for the government. In terms of the theoretical framework's institutional actions it can be learnt that not all action outcomes are clearly visible. Some are tangible, while others are not. This implies that to diffuse innovation, there needs to be an understanding of monetary, human and other such resources to form a better understanding. However, most importantly it can be concluded that the diffusion framework developed by Kinget al.provides a clear picture of the diffusion of an innovation and is most useful for understanding not only national government interventions that previous research identified. Previous institutional actions research has not clearly shown how a micro understanding of the impacts of the various actions can be obtained, of which this study provides further evidence.Originality/value– Collaborative arrangements between HEIs, SMEs and government funding agencies are increasingly encouraged. This paper examines and understands the impacts of strategies used for diffusing innovations, of which the SME and KTP contexts have fewer studies.
Exploring social media adoption in small to medium-sized enterprises in Ireland
Authors: Durkin Mark , McGowan Pauric , McKeown Niall 
Published: December 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to address the current deficit in the literature on social media adoption within a small to medium-sized enterprise (SME) context. The authors adopt an action research methodology and through in-depth case analysis of eight SME cases aim to develop a theoretical model through which more effective social media adoption by SMEs can be better understood.Design/methodology/approach– In this study a deep and enduring engagement between the research team and eight small to medium-sized firms over a period of two years, from 2009-2011, informed the emergence and development of a theoretical model. In this research, using an action research methodology, the authors examine the nature and character of the challenges being faced by SME owner/managers as they consider adopting and utilising social media for commercial advantage and the evolution of the model through this engagement.Findings– The insights gained from the case companies indicated a variety of different approaches to social media adoption which often varied by organisational context and staff competency level. A universally common motivator for thinking about social media adoption was that the case companies shared an anxiety were they not to adopt what was perceived to be a new essential tool for business growth. Little evidence was found in the cases of such adoption behaviour being driven by a purposeful or thoughtful agenda through which value could be added to the customer experience.Research limitations/implications– Implications cluster around issues of customer orientation in the case companies under study and the extent to which owner/managers are seduced by the capability of new technology without thinking through the way in which such new technology might add value to customers. This raises an imperative for further research in the specific area of social media adoption behaviours in SMEs and more generally at the marketing/technology interface. Limitations of this study include the relatively small sample and the locus of the study being confined to Ireland.Practical implications– At the level of practice there are significant implications for decision makers in small firms to become more attuned to how technology can meaningfully add value to the customer experience. For educators, trainers and consultants there are implications for a more questioning and critical perspective to be undertaken when advising owner/managers on the merits of new technology adoption.Originality/value– The paper adds to the growing literature in social media adoption but is distinctive given the longitudinal nature of the study and the evolution of a model that identifies and describes the issues uncovered in the world of the SME practitioner with respect to the new world of social media.
Paradigm versus praxis
Authors: Nizami Lance 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– A key cybernetics concept, information transmitted in a system, was quantified by Shannon. It quickly gained prominence, inspiring a version by Harvard psychologists Garner and Hake for “absolute identification” experiments. There, human subjects “categorize” sensory stimuli, affording “information transmitted” in perception. The Garner-Hake formulation has been in continuous use for 62 years, exerting enormous influence. But some experienced theorists and reviewers have criticized it as uninformative. They could not explain why, and were ignored. Here, the “why” is answered. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A key Shannon data-organizing tool is the confusion matrix. Its columns and rows are, respectively, labeled by “symbol sent” (event) and “symbol received” (outcome), such that matrix entries represent how often outcomes actually corresponded to events. Garner and Hake made their own version of the matrix, which deserves scrutiny, and is minutely examined here.

Findings
– The Garner-Hake confusion-matrix columns represent “stimulus categories”, ranges of some physical stimulus attribute (usually intensity), and its rows represent “response categories” of the subject's identification of the attribute. The matrix entries thus show how often an identification empirically corresponds to an intensity, such that “outcomes” and “events” differ in kind (unlike Shannon's). Obtaining a true “information transmitted” therefore requires stimulus categorizations to be converted to hypothetical evoking stimuli, achievable (in principle) by relating categorization to sensation to intensity. But those relations are actually unknown, perhaps unknowable.

Originality/value
– The author achieves an important understanding: why “absolute identification” experiments do not illuminate sensory processes.
Refinement: a rigorous description of autonomous adaptive agents
Authors: Augustus Bacigalupi J. 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework to empirically test for cognitive behaviour in autonomous adaptive agents.

Design/methodology/approach
– This project proposes a theoretical framework, or design parameters, inspired by empirically observed phenomena, cognitive behaviours, and thermodynamics. Success of the framework is measured by its capacity to implement, not just a model of select attributes of cognition, but to implement the foundational physical nature of cognition of which all observed behaviours are based.

Findings
– A rigorous mathematical framework, employing only information theory and conventional physics, is hypothesized to empirically measure for cognitive behaviours.

Research limitations/implications
– Empirical studies will be conducted on synthetic agents using the theoretical framework described herein to demonstrate whether or not cognitive behaviours have been achieved.

Originality/value
– This paper proposes an alternative form of information processing inspired by evolved organisms, distinct from Turing equivalent machines, able to augment existing human and digital systems.
The togetherness of togetherness and separateness: some reflections on ASC/B.I.G. 2012
Authors: John Campbell Colin 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to set out an analysis of Gregory Bateson's thought about the relations between parts and wholes, between separateness and togetherness in order to illuminate the kind of answers Bateson proposed to the contemporary ecological dilemma.

Design/methodology/approach
– It roughly situates discourses of the “enchantment” of nature on the side of togetherness and discourses of scientific disenchantment on the side of togetherness.

Findings
– The essay looks at Bateson's discovery that neither separateness nor togetherness can ever be thought of without the other as an indication of the limits of both disenchantment and enchantment, and it suggests that awareness of these limits enables ecological insight.

Originality/value
– The essay proposes a broad summary of a general problem in Gregory Bateson's epistemology and shows how it emerges in political, social and ecological space.
The interspecies educator's cybernetic world
Authors: Affifi Ramsey 
Published: December 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to interconnect pedagogy and biology via second-order cybernetics.Design/methodology/approach– The approach taken is that of a synthesis.Findings– Biology can better deal with intersubjectivity within and between species by incorporating approaches and theory from education inquiry. Conversely, educators can de-anthropocentrize their discipline by entering into learning relationships with other species. By rallying around the concept of “eduction”, second-order cybernetics plays a role in both syntheses.Practical implications– De-anthropocentrizing education could have practical value in creating ecologically relevant education for children and in developing more integrated environmental impact assessments.Originality/value– Finding convergence between the study of life and forms of practitioner inquiry in education research, and connecting these to the environmental movement.
Reflections on recursion and the evolution of learning
Authors: R. Hammond Debora 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the significance of recursive processes in the evolution of learning in both individuals and organisations, beginning with a clarification of the distinction between recursion and other types of feedback, drawing on insights from Humberto Maturana and George Richardson.

Design/methodology/approach
– Further work informing this inquiry includes Gregory Bateson on learning levels, Chris Argyris and Donald Schon on double loop learning, Peter Senge on organizational learning, and James G. Miller on the processing of matter/energy and information in living systems, at different levels of organization.

Findings
– The paper provides an original synthesis of insights from Miller's living systems theory, in exploring the implications of Bateson's learning levels, as well as further insights from the work of Argyris, Schon and Senge, at cellular, individual, organisational, and global levels, to reinforce the need for a higher order, global level of learning.

Originality/value
– Value in findings outlined above.
The research productivity of the AIB Farmer Award finalists
Authors: O'Connell Daniel , Rugman Alan 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to analyze the research productivity and impact of the finalists of the AIB best dissertation award, now titled the Buckley and Casson Award, but from 1987 to 2012 the Farmer Award. Specifically, this paper examines whether there is a relationship between winning the best dissertation award and subsequent publication productivity and impact. Relationships between academic institution and institutional geographic location and finalists are also examined.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper examines 25 years of citation counts and the number of publications in Google Scholar of Farmer Award winners and finalists of the AIB best dissertation award from inception in 1987 to 2009, with cited publications as a measure of productivity and citations as a measure of impact. Top performers in productivity and impact are identified, and the averages of winners and non-winners are analyzed in aggregate, over time and per year. Data on finalists' institution and geographic location of institution are analyzed to describe the importance of location and institution to the award.

Findings
– It is found that the overall average citations of the winners of the award is less than that of the non-winners, and that in the large majority of years the non-winners have an average citation count higher than that of the winners. However, taking averages in five year increments shows more mixed results, with non-winners performing better in two periods and winners performing better in two periods, with the remaining period being split as to research productivity and impact.

Originality/value
– Aggarwal et al. in this journal summarized a variety of data on Farmer Award finalists from the 1990s to gain insights on institutions represented by finalists, the publication record of finalists, and content of dissertations, among other characteristics. This paper updates some of the insights from that paper by examining data on award winners from 1987 to 2013, and adds further insight by examining for the first time cited publications and citation counts winners and non-winners for the same period excluding the last two years.
Peter Drucker, teacher and guide
Authors: Boerner Hank 
Published: December 2013

Findings
– The late Peter Drucker was my teacher, my guide, my north star to guide me throughout my professional career. I never met the man, nor did I attend any of his classes. We never spoke. But like thousands of other young professionals of my generation coming of age in the 1960 s and 1970 s, I could count on the good professor to inform me on the latest trends in management and to point me toward the future that he could see (and therefore could share with us the lucky ones who followed his work).
Working together in dementia research: reflections on the EVIDEM programme
Authors: Manthorpe Jill , Iliffe Steve , Goodman Claire , Drennan Vari , Warner James 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this case study is to report and reflect on a recently completed five-year programme of research on dementia care and practice in England. This EVIDEM programme of research was specifically designed to influence services for people with dementia and their carers; several additional lessons emerged along the way that might shape broader research on ageing that includes older people and those who work with them.

Design/methodology/approach
– This case study of the EVIDEM programme presents and discusses four lessons learned by the core research team – covering the implications of newly basing research inside the NHS, multi-disciplinary working across academic disciplines, communicating with diverse practitioners, and the impact of patient and public involvement on the research process. The paper reflects on communication between the NHS and academic communities, and the creation of new research capacity in dementia.

Findings
– Collaborative working between academic disciplines is possible, given willing researchers and commitment to participating in frequent opportunities for dialogue and learning. In research in dementia these foundations are probably essential, given the growing scale of the problem and the small size of the research community, if we are to have a beneficial impact on people's lives. Lay expertise is a necessary ingredient of research programmes, not just for its co-design power, but for its ability to redesign projects when major problems arise.

Research limitations/implications
– This case study reports the subjective views of the research collaborators. While this raises the potential for bias, it offers an “insider” perspective of the research process and engagement in research leadership.

Originality/value
– There are few reflections on research processes and management and this case study may be useful to academic researchers, to those working in the NHS with responsibility for research in different forms, and to older people's organisations who wish to hear of the value of older people's engagement in research advisory activity.
Rapid microarray‐based DNA genoserotyping of Escherichia coli
Authors: Geue Lutz , Monecke Stefan , Engelmann Ines , Braun Sascha , Slickers Peter , Ehricht Ralf 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, an improvement in the oligonucleotide‐based DNA microarray for the genoserotyping of Escherichia coli is presented. Primer and probes for additional 70 O antigen groups were developed. The microarray was transferred to a new platform, the ArrayStrip format, which allows high through‐put tests in 96‐well formats and fully automated microarray analysis. Thus, starting from a single colony, it is possible to determine within a few hours and a single experiment, 94 of the over 180 known O antigen groups as well as 47 of the 53 different H antigens. The microarray was initially validated with a set of defined reference strains that had previously been serotyped by conventional agglutination in various reference centers. For further validation of the microarray, 180 clinical E. coli isolates of human origin (from urine samples, blood cultures, bronchial secretions, and wound swabs) and 53 E. coli isolates from cattle, pigs, and poultry were used. A high degree of concordance between the results of classical antibody‐based serotyping and DNA‐based genoserotyping was demonstrated during validation of the new 70 O antigen groups as well as for the field strains of human and animal origin. Therefore, this oligonucleotide array is a diagnostic tool that is user‐friendly and more efficient than classical serotyping by agglutination. Furthermore, the tests can be performed in almost every routine lab and are easily expanded and standardized.
The use of archived tags in retrospective genetic analysis of fish
Authors: Bonanomi Sara , Overgaard Therkildsen Nina , Berg Hedeholm Rasmus , Hemmer‐Hansen Jakob , Nielsen Einar E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCollections of historical tissue samples from fish (e.g. scales and otoliths) stored in museums and fisheries institutions are precious sources of DNA for conducting retrospective genetic analysis. However, in some cases, only external tags used for documentation of spatial dynamics of fish populations have been preserved. Here, we test the usefulness of fish tags as a source of DNA for genetic analysis. We extract DNA from historical tags from cod collected in Greenlandic waters between 1950 and 1968. We show that the quantity and quality of DNA recovered from tags is comparable to DNA from archived otoliths from the same individuals. Surprisingly, levels of cross‐contamination do not seem to be significantly higher in DNA from external (tag) than internal (otolith) sources. Our study therefore demonstrates that historical tags can be a highly valuable source of DNA for retrospective genetic analysis of fish.
Nursing Diagnosis of Grieving: Content Validity in Perinatal Loss Situations
Authors: Paloma‐Castro Olga , Romero‐Sánchez José Manuel , Paramio‐Cuevas Juan Carlos , María Pastor‐Montero Sonia , Castro‐Yuste Cristina , Frandsen Anna J , Albar‐Marín María Jesús , Bas‐Sarmiento Pilar , Moreno‐Corral Luis Javier 
Published: December 2013

PurposeTo validate the content of the NANDA‐I nursing diagnosis of grieving in situations of perinatal loss.MethodsUsing the Fehring's model, 208 Spanish experts were asked to assess the adequacy of the defining characteristics and other manifestations identified in the literature for cases of perinatal loss.FindingsThe content validity index was 0.867. Twelve of the 18 defining characteristics were validated, seven as major and five as minor. From the manifestations proposed, “empty inside” was considered as major.ConclusionThe nursing diagnosis of grieving fits in content to the cases of perinatal loss according to experts.Implications for Nursing PracticeThe results have provided evidence to support the use of the diagnosis in care plans for said clinical situation.