bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of atmospheric circulation on the air pollution concentration and temperature inversion in Sosnowiec. Case study
Authors: Widawski Artur 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Sosnowiec is located in the Katowice Region, which is the most urbanized and industrialized region in Poland. Urban areas of such character favor enhancement of pollution concentration in the atmosphere and the consequent emergence of smog. Local meteorological and circulation conditions significantly influence not only on the air pollution level but also change air temperature considerably in their centers and immediate vicinities. The synoptic situation also plays the major role in dispersal and concentration of air pollutants and changes in temperature profile. One of the most important are the near-ground (100 m) inversions of temperature revealed their highest values on clear winter days and sometimes stay still for the whole day and night. Air temperature inversions in Sosnowiec occur mainly during anticyclone stagnation (Ca-anticyclone centre and Ka-anticyclonic ridge) and in anticyclones with air advection from the south and southwest (Sa and SWa) which cause significantly increase of air pollution values. The detailed evaluation of the influence of circulation types on the appearance of a particular concentration of pollutants carried out in this work has confirmed the predominant influence of individual circulation types on the development of air pollution levels at the Katowice region. This paper presents research case study results of the thermal structure of the near-ground atmospheric layer (100 m) and air pollution parameters (PM10, SO2, NO, NO2) changes in selected days of 2005 year according to regional synoptic circulation types. The changes in urban environment must be taken into account in analyses of multiyear trends of air temperature and air conditions on the regional and global scales.
Medical Anthropology: A New Field of Research in Slovakia
Authors: Bužeková Tatiana 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper offers a brief review of ethnological studies conducted in Slovakia in relation to the main theoretical directions in medical anthropology. This sub-discipline of social/cultural anthropology has not yet been established in Slovakia owing to local scientific traditions. The author covers ethnographic studies conducted in Slovakia that might be considered relevant to this field and places them in the context of developments in anthropology in central and eastern Europe. Ethnological work and empirical findings obtained in related social disciplines may motivate future inquiry. Recent ethnological studies have followed a new direction in research and suggest the beginnings of medical anthropology in Slovakia.
No Prejudice-Free Society Means no Prejudice-Free Teachers, but Better Times Are Coming: Teachers and Cultural Diversity
Authors: Leix Alicja 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Multicultural education tends to be automatically associated with pupils but in practice it places demands on all those involved in the teaching process. Of these the most predominant role is allocated to the teacher who mediates multicultural competence. Pupil attitudes towards foreigners and cultural diversity are not only influenced by multicultural education but also by teachers’ beliefs-and teachers’ beliefs are largely influenced by personal opinions and attitudes. The author presents the results of qualitative analysis performed on the unrestricted responses of 86 Czech teacher trainees and teachers on the topic of their experiences of foreigners. The analysis indicates their personal attitudes to foreigners, foreign cultures and diversity generally, the level of reflection in relation to cultural diversity, and discusses the results in relation to the wider sociocultural context.
El murmurador y la murmuración en la obra de Cervantes
Authors: Gelz Andreas 
Published: July 2015

Resumen
La murmuración constituye en el siglo XVI e inicios del XVII español un escándalo, un “pecado de boca” o “pecado de lengua”, cuya codificación se inició por los casuistas y moralistas de la escolástica en los siglos XII y XIII y continuó en el contexto de la Contrarreforma. A lo largo del siglo XVII esa reserva religiosa constituye asimismo una normativa religiosa y comunicativa en cuanto a la producción oral y textual en el ámbito literario y extra-literario. El concepto de murmuración pone en tela de juicio la legitimidad y la función social del texto, el cómo mediático, estilístico y retórico de su manera de comunicar y el asunto que trata o tematiza, pero también el espacio público o la esfera pública obedeciendo a prescripciones morales o éticas comunicativas cuya infracción se condena con el término de murmuración como una forma de “maldicencia”. ¿Cómo reacciona el texto literario a tal normativa, cómo la puede convertir en un recurso literario o tal vez en uno de una crítica literaria avant la lettre? Estas cuestiones se analizan a partir de algunos ejemplos de la obra de Miguel de Cervantes.
Plagio y práctica intertextual. A propósito de la novela El conquistador (2006), de Federico AndahaziEl artículo retoma y profundiza ideas defendidas en mi tesis doctoral Un ladrón de literatura: el plagio a partir de la transtextualidad (Universidad de Bergen, 2011).
Authors: Vaca Wladimir Chávez 
Published: July 2015

Resumen
Este trabajo discute la relación transtextual entre El Conquistador (2006), de Federico Andahazi, y Los indios estaban cabreros (1958), de Agustín Cuzzani. Los herederos de Cuzzani acusaron a Andahazi de plagio: ambas obras explotan la idea de un mexica que descubre Europa años antes del viaje de Colón. Pocas consideraciones estrictamente literarias se han publicado en la prensa de Hispanoamérica, al mismo tiempo que se nota la ausencia de un marco teórico de discusión. El presente estudio se enfoca en un cotejo textual de las obras a partir de la propuesta de Gérard Genette.
Hypertension and its association with anthropometric indexes among pre-university students
Authors: Cheah Whye Lian , Hazmi Helmy , Chia Hui Qi , Tindin Empiang , Ahmad Zafri Nur Adilah , Mohd Shah Syarul Haziq 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Hypertension has become increasingly common among adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its association with anthropometric indexes among pre-university students. This was a cross-sectional study carried out among pre-university students of a public university. Anthropometric measurements were conducted using mobile stadiometers, digital body fat scales and measuring tapes. Body fat percentage was measured with a body composition analyzer, and blood pressure was determined using digital blood pressure monitors. Statistical analyses were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics 20. A total of 218 respondents participated in the study. The prevalence of hypertension at risk was 7.3%, which was higher among males (16.7%). About 22% of the respondents were overweight and obese. The majority of males had a normal waist circumference (WC) (75.9%), but almost half of females had a WC value in the unhealthy category (47.0%). Females had higher conicity indexes and body fat compared to males. Respondents who were found to have hypertension at risk had a higher prevalence of being overweight and having unhealthy WC and waist-to-height ratio and had high conicity indexes and a high percentage of fat. Risk factors independently associated with hypertension at risk included male gender (odds ratio=4.213, 95% CI, 1.238–14.342) and body mass index (odds ratio=7.865, 95% CI, 1.165–53.099). Regular screening of hypertension at risk among adolescents and initiation of early treatment for those affected should be conducted to avoid further complication in later life.
Process Intensification for Production of Ethyl Lactate from Fermentation-Derived Magnesium Lactate: A Preliminary Design
Authors: Daengpradab Boonpradab , Rattanaphanee Panarat 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Ethyl lactate is widely used as a solvent for several industries and usually produced by esterifaciton of lactic acid with ethanol. In order to lower its production cost, attempt to synthesis this ester directly from lactate salt produced by bacterial fermentation was made. In this work, reactive distillation process for small-scale synthesis of ethyl lactate from esterification of fermentation-derived magnesium lactate with ethanol was designed and simulated using Aspen Plus simulator equipped with RADFRAC module. Non-ideality of the reaction components was represented by UNIQUAC property model. Specification and optimum conditions of reactive distillation and fractional distillation units in the proposed process scheme were obtained. Under the process scheme and operating conditions proposed in this work, approximately 96.13% of lactic acid was converted and 95.76% yield of ethyl lactate was achieved.
In-vitro Allergiediagnostik
Authors: Renz Harald 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die allergologische In-vitro-Diagnostik zeigt in den letzten Jahren vielfältige dynamische Entwicklungen und Fortschritte. Dies ist zum einen der Verfügbarkeit von sogenannten molekularen Komponenten der verschiedenen Allergene geschuldet, die heute eine komponentenbasierte Diagnostik erlauben. Diese ist zur Risikoabschätzung und Stratifizierung von Patienten sowie zur Auswahl der geeigneten (spezifischen) Immuntherapie essentiell. Darüber hinaus sind Fortschritte zu verzeichnen in der Differentialdiagnose von Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten und –allergien. Die zelluläre Diagnostik ist ebenfalls auf dem Vormarsch, wie z.B. mit den basophilen Aktivierungstests. Die jüngsten Entwicklungen werden in diesem Artikel diskutiert.
Aktualisierte Anforderungen an die Messqualität und Qualitätssicherung (QS) von Point-of-Care-Testing (POCT)-Blutglukose-Messsystemen mit Unit-use Reagenzien, die für die Erstdiagnostik eines manifesten Diabetes in der Schwangerschaft oder eines Gestationsdiabetes mellitus (GDM) gemäß der GDM-Leitlinie der Deutschen Diabetes-Gesellschaft (DDG) geeignet sind
Authors: Neumaier Michael , Luppa Peter B. , Koschinsky Theodor , Siegel Erhard , Freckmann Guido , Heinemann Lutz 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die DDG und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe haben im Jahr 2011 für den Gestationsdiabetes mellitus eine neue S3-Leitlinie veröffentlicht. In dieser Leitlinie wird erstmals auch der Einsatz von POCT-Glukose-Messsystemen mit Unit-use-Reagenzien bei der Erstdiagnostik des GDM durch den betreuenden Arzt ermöglicht. Da diese Leitlinie keine detaillierten Vorgaben für die geforderten Herstellerempfehlungen enthielt, wurden im Jahr 2012 die Anforderungen an die Messqualität und die Qualitätssicherung von POCT-Glukose-Messsystemen mit Unit-use Reagenzien für die primäre GDM-Diagnostik durch eine gemeinsame Stellungnahme der Deutschen Vereinten Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin (DGKL) und der DDG unter Berücksichtigung der zu diesem Zeitpunkt verfügbaren technischen Möglichkeiten konkretisiert und im Jahr 2015 wegen der zwischenzeitlichen technologischen Fortschritte dieser POCT-Systeme aktualisiert. Damit soll den Herstellern, den Zulassungs- und Regulierungsbehörden, den Nutzern bei klinischen Studien und im Praxisalltag, sowie den Kostenträgern eine evidenzbasierte Orientierung gegeben werden.
Mathematics and Peirce’s semiotic
Authors: Sabre Ru Michael 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIt is shown here that Peirce’s ten trichotomies, specifically art as discussed in Sabre (2014), provides a structure for presenting a mathematical conjecture and provide a heuristic for going about attempting a mathematical proof of the conjecture. The mathematics is presented through the work of the mathematical proof theorists George Polya and Daniel Solow. Here a geometric conjecture is shown to be true using a ten trichotomy context for a proof. Thus through the structure of mathematical proof the ten trichotomy structure validates itself.
A molecular crown analogue templated by Keggin polyanions: synthesis, structure, and electrochemical and luminescent properties
Authors: Zhao Chunyan , Ma Huiyuan , Pang Haijun , Yu Yan , Li Shaobin , Yu Tingting , Zhang Zhuanfang 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A hybrid compound, [CuI
4(bpmb)4][PWVI
11WVO40] (1) (bpmb = 1,4-bis(pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene), has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analyses and powder X-ray diffraction. In compound 1 crown-like [Cu4(bpmb)4]4+ macrocycles templated by Keggin-type [PWVI
11WVO40]4− polyanions (abbreviated PW12) exist. Supramolecular layers are formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions of discrete crown-like [Cu4(bpmb)4]4+ macrocycles and [PWVI
11WVO40]4− polyanions. The electrochemical and luminescence properties of compound 1 were investigated.
Positive Parenting Practices, Health Disparities, and Developmental Progress
Authors: Shah Reshma , Sobotka Sarah A. , Chen Yi-Fan , Msall Michael E. 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE:
To describe interactive activities between parents and young children in a nationally representative sample. We hypothesized that the frequency of participation in interactive activities would be different across economic strata and would be associated with developmental delay.

METHODS:
Children 4 to 36 months of age were identified by using The National Survey of Children’s Health 2011–2012. Interactive caregiving practices were reported by poverty status. Developmental concerns were derived from caregiver responses and scoring of the Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status. Multivariable logistic regressions with weighting were used to explore the effect of interactive practices on risk for developmental delay across poverty levels. Covariates including age, gender, insurance type, maternal education, parenting stress, and ethnicity were adjusted in the models.

RESULTS:
In our sample (n = 12 642), caregivers with the lowest income versus highest income reported lower participation in reading (33% vs 64%; P &lt; .0001), singing or telling stories (52% vs 77%, P &lt; .0001), and taking their child on an outing (13% vs 22%, P &lt; .0001). Less frequent participation in interactive activities during the week were associated with increased risk of developmental delay among low-income families (Reading odds ratio [OR] 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–2.13; Singing songs/Telling Stories OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.15–2.40; Outings OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11–1.97).

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite evidence emphasizing the protective effects of supportive parenting practices on early child development, our work demonstrates significant disparities in parenting practices that promote early child development between economically advantaged and disadvantaged parents. Innovative population-level strategies that enrich parenting practices for vulnerable children in early childhood are needed.
Variation in Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants
Authors: Quartermain Michael D. , Pasquali Sara K. , Hill Kevin D. , Goldberg David J. , Huhta James C. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Jacobs Marshall L. , Kim Sunghee , Ungerleider Ross M. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Prenatal diagnosis allows improved perioperative outcomes for fetuses with certain forms of congenital heart disease (CHD). Variability in prenatal diagnosis has been demonstrated in other countries, leading to efforts to improve fetal imaging protocols and access to care, but has not been examined across the United States. The objective was to evaluate national variation in prenatal detection across geographic region and defect type in neonates and infants with CHD undergoing heart surgery.METHODS:Cardiovascular operations performed in patients ≤6 months of age in the United States and included in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (2006–2012) were eligible for inclusion. Centers with &gt;15% missing prenatal diagnosis data were excluded from the study. Prenatal diagnosis rates were compared across geographic location of residence and defect type using the χ2 test.RESULTS:Overall, the study included 31 374 patients from 91 Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database participating centers across the United States. Prenatal detection occurred in 34% and increased every year, from 26% (2006) to 42% (2012). There was significant geographic variation in rates of prenatal diagnosis across states (range 11.8%–53.4%, P &lt; .0001). Significant variability by defect type was also observed, with higher rates for lesions identifiable on 4-chamber view than for those requiring outflow tract visualization (57% vs 32%, P &lt; .0001).CONCLUSIONS:Rates of prenatal CHD detection in the United States remain low for patients undergoing surgical intervention, with significant variability between states and across defect type. Additional studies are needed to identify reasons for this variation and the potential impact on patient outcomes.
Validation of a Prediction Tool for Abusive Head Trauma
Authors: Cowley Laura Elizabeth , Morris Charlotte Bethan , Maguire Sabine Ann , Farewell Daniel Mark , Kemp Alison Mary 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Abusive head trauma (AHT) may be missed in the clinical setting. Clinical prediction tools are used to reduce variability in practice and inform decision-making. From a systematic review and individual patient data analysis we derived the Predicting Abusive Head Trauma (PredAHT) tool, using multilevel logistic regression to predict likelihood of AHT. This study aims to externally validate the PredAHT tool.

METHODS:
Consecutive children aged &lt;36 months admitted with an intracranial injury, confirmed as abusive or nonabusive, to 2 sites used in the original model were ascertained. Details of 6 influential features were recorded (retinal hemorrhage, rib and long -bone fractures, apnea, seizures, and head or neck bruising). We estimated the likelihood of an unrecorded feature being present with multiple imputation; analysis included sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:
Data included 133 non-AHT cases and 65 AHT cases, 97% of children were &lt;24 months old. Consistent with original predictions, when ≥3 features were present in a child &lt;36 months old with intracranial injury, the estimated probability of AHT was &gt;81.5% (95% CI, 63.3–91.8). The sensitivity of the tool was 72.3% (95% CI, 60.4–81.7), the specificity was 85.7% (95% CI, 78.8–90.7), area under the curve 0.88 (95% CI, 0.823–0.926).

CONCLUSIONS:
When tested on novel data, the PredAHT tool performed well. This tool has the potential to contribute to decision-making in these challenging cases. An implementation study is needed to explore its performance and utility within the child protection process.
Predicting Discharge Dates From the NICU Using Progress Note Data
Authors: Temple Michael W. , Lehmann Christoph U. , Fabbri Daniel 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Discharging patients from the NICU may be delayed for nonmedical reasons including the need for medical equipment, parental education, and children’s services. We describe a method to predict which patients will be medically ready for discharge in the next 2 to 10 days, providing lead time to address nonmedical reasons for delayed discharge.

METHODS:
A retrospective study examined 26 features (17 extracted, 9 engineered) from daily progress notes of 4693 patients (103 206 patient-days) from the NICU of a large, academic children’s hospital. These data were used to develop a supervised machine learning problem to predict days to discharge (DTD). Random forest classifiers were trained by using examined features and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision–based subpopulations to determine the most important features.

RESULTS:
Three of the 4 subpopulations (premature, cardiac, gastrointestinal surgery) and all patients combined performed similarly at 2, 4, 7, and 10 DTD with area under the curve (AUC) ranging from 0.854 to 0.865 at 2 DTD and 0.723 to 0.729 at 10 DTD. Patients undergoing neurosurgery performed worse at every DTD measure, scoring 0.749 at 2 DTD and 0.614 at 10 DTD. This model was also able to identify important features and provide “rule-of-thumb” criteria for patients close to discharge. By using DTD equal to 4 and 2 features (oral percentage of feedings and weight), we constructed a model with an AUC of 0.843.

CONCLUSIONS:
Using clinical features from daily progress notes provides an accurate method to predict when patients in the NICU are nearing discharge.
Psychosocial Factors Associated With Adolescent Electronic Cigarette and Cigarette Use
Authors: Barrington-Trimis Jessica L. , Berhane Kiros , Unger Jennifer B. , Cruz Tess Boley , Huh Jimi , Leventhal Adam M. , Urman Robert , Wang Kejia , Howland Steve , Gilreath Tamika D. , Chou Chih-Ping , Pentz Mary Ann , McConnell Rob 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND:
Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among adolescents has increased since their introduction into the US market in 2007. Little is known about the role of e-cigarette psychosocial factors on risk of e-cigarette or cigarette use in adolescence.

METHODS:
Information on e-cigarette and cigarette psychosocial factors (use and attitudes about use in the home and among friends) was collected from 11th- and 12th-grade participants in the Southern California Children’s Health Study during the spring of 2014.

RESULTS:
Of 2084 participants, 499 (24.0%) had used an e-cigarette, including 200 (9.6%) current users (past 30 days); 390 participants (18.7%) had smoked a combustible cigarette, and 119 (5.7%) were current cigarette smokers. Cigarette and e-cigarette use were correlated. Nevertheless, 40.5% (n = 81) of current e-cigarette users had never smoked a cigarette. Psychosocial factors (home use of each product, friends’ use of and positive attitudes toward e-cigarettes and cigarettes) and participant perception of the harm of e-cigarettes were strongly positively associated both with e-cigarette and cigarette use. Most youth who reported e-cigarette use had friends who used e-cigarettes, and almost half of current users reported that they did not believe there were health risks associated with e-cigarette use.

CONCLUSIONS:
Longitudinal studies of adolescents are needed to determine whether the strong association of e-cigarette psychosocial factors with both e-cigarette and cigarette use will lead to increased cigarette use or dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, or whether e-cigarettes will serve as a gateway to cigarette use.
Nano-boron as an Antibacterial Agent for Functionalized Textiles
Authors: Akbar Wazir , Karagoz Ayse , Basim G.Bahar , Noor Mohamed , Syed Tofail , Lum Jacob , Unluagac Merve 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe antibacterial properties of boron-containing compounds are well known although there are limited studies available on the pure boron nanoparticles. In this study boron nano-particles were characterized in terms of their particle size, shape, stability and surface charge before and after they are applied to textile surfaces to study their impact on antibacterial activity in addition to cytotoxicity. It was observed that the boron nano-particles are affective in limiting bacteria growth on both gram-negative and gram-positive species without requiring any stimulation to initiate the antibacterial action. It was also found that the application of boron nano-particles on the textile surfaces through mixing them in hydrophobic finishing solutions helped improve the wettability performance of the textiles while showing no change in the physical and colour fastness properties at an optimal concentration of 0.02 % w/v of finishing solution.