bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precedent in the Sui Generis Legal Order: A Mine Run Approach
Authors: Sadl Urska , Hink Sigrid 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this article, we use case‐to‐case citation networks to explore the force of precedent in EU law. We introduce a novel methodology to analyse the extent to which references to past decisions act as reasons for decisions in subsequent cases and illustrate the approach on the European citizenship case‐law citation network. We conclude that the cohesive pull of precedent in EU citizenship case‐law is too weak to generate a coherent judicial doctrine, thereby confirming qualitative research on the subject. However, the incursions into competences of the Member States in areas, found only tangential to EU citizenship, form a more consistent underlying story.
Watering Down the Court of Justice? The Dynamics between Network Implementation and Article 258 TFEU Litigation
Authors: Korkea‐aho Emilia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWith the establishment of an administrative network to manage implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), a more consensual approach to judicial enforcement seemed like a natural next step. This anticipation was partially derived from the experimentalist nature of the WFD, requiring concerted action in the specification and application of its open‐ended and broad provisions. This article assesses how important changes in WFD implementation practices shape the role played by the Court of Justice with respect to Article 258 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The examination of the WFD litigation reveals interesting tensions. Network‐based implementation practices keep Member States accountable for the progress of implementation and make a subsequent legal action swifter. At the same time, implementation practices remove from courts those issues that may be better solved by network participants. The results show how the function and exercise of judicial enforcement is influenced by the ways in which legislation is implemented.
Environmental influences on Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) catch per unit effort in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: Vanderlaan Angelia S. M. , Hanke Alex R. , Chassé Joël , Neilson John D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) population in the western Atlantic supports substantial commercial and recreational fisheries. Despite quota establishment and management under the auspices of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, only small increases in population growth have been estimated. In contrast to other western bluefin tuna fisheries indices, contemporary estimates of catch per unit effort (CPUE) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence have increased rapidly and are at record highs. This area is characterized by the Cold Intermediate Layer (CIL) that is defined by waters <3°C and located at depths of 30–40 m in September. We investigated the influence of several in situ environmental variables on the bluefin tuna fishery CPUE using delta‐lognormal modelling and relatively extensive and consistent oceanographic survey data, as well as dockside monitoring and mandatory logbook data associated with the fishery. Although there is considerable spatial and temporal variation of water mass characteristics, the amount of available habitat in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (assuming a > 3°C thermal ambit) for bluefin tuna has been increasing. The percentage of the water column occupied by the CIL was a significant environmental variable in the standardization of CPUE estimates. There was also a negative relationship between the spatial extents of the CIL and the fishery. Properties of the CIL account for variation in the bluefin tuna CPUE and may be a factor in determining the amount of available feeding habitat for bluefin tuna in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence.
Reading ‘Multiculturalism’: A Historiography of Policy and Ideal in Australia
Authors: Anderson Zoe 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article will detail the historiographical accounts of the reasons for the creation of a policy of multiculturalism, and the ways in which multiculturalism has been explained and understood through contemporary analyses and histories. This article serves as an overview to these complex intersections between contemporary politics and histories of multiculturalism as markers of who embodies, and what is, ‘Australianness’.
“The Wounds of Class”: A Historiographical Reflection on the Study of Deindustrialization, 1973–2013
Authors: High Steven 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article examines 40 years of multi‐disciplinary scholarship on deindustrialization in North America and the United Kingdom. This field of research emerged in the 1970s and 1980s as a political response to successive waves of mill and factory closures that devastating industrial towns and cities, displacing millions. A way of life seemed to be passing out of existence. Why was this happening? What did it mean? Could it be stopped? This essay identifies three distinct waves of scholarship: an initial activist generation of scholars who worked with the social movements of the 1970s and 1980s, the cultural turn towards the meaning of deindustrialization in the early 2000s, and the socio‐cultural exploration of working‐class culture in a post‐industrial age. As we will see, the scholarly focus has broadened from the causes of industrial decline and resistance to job loss, to its effects and long‐term consequences.
Women and Abolitionism in the United States: Recent Historiography
Authors: Kellow Margaret M. R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe past 20 years have seen substantial developments in the historiography on women and abolitionism in the United States. These include a focus on the experience of African American women both as activists and as objects of the abolitionist movement. Recent studies explore the ways in which religion inspired and shaped American women's commitment to ending slavery. Important work has been done on the ways in which antislavery women functioned as political actors and the ways in which their efforts influenced antebellum American politics. Abolition historiography has benefitted from the Atlantic perspective as studies have explored the transnational networks created by British and American women and comparisons highlight new aspects of American women's experience in abolitionism. Lastly, studies of women and abolition from each of these perspectives have complicated and problematized the grand narrative of 19th‐century American women's history which enshrined a “path from antislavery to feminism” as a critical consciousness‐raising experience which inspired American women to take up the quest for their own rights.
Food‐Related Interaction Among Christians, Muslims, and Jews in High and Late Medieval Latin Christendom
Authors: Freidenreich David M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSocial historians of the Middle Ages can gain a richer understanding of interreligious relations by examining the ways Christians, Muslims, and Jews interacted over food. Legal and non‐legal sources from the eleventh through sixteenth centuries shed light on commercial, social, and cultural exchanges across faith communities, both in the market and at meals. These texts convey a broad spectrum of attitudes toward the food and food ways of religious foreigners, ideas whose variation reflects the contested and shifting status of minorities within Catholic Europe.
“Enduring Patterns of Loyalist Study: Definitions and Contours”
Authors: Chopra Ruma 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMore than a century ago, loyalist historians established the close relationship between the Atlantic colonies and the British Empire. Far from inevitable or natural, the mainland rebellion signaled a radical break from cherished customs, laws, and liberties. Two overlapping categories of scholarship examine the loyalist experience during the long revolutionary era. The first situates the loyalists alongside the rebels within the framework of the nation and challenges the strength and cohesion of patriots. The second places the loyalists as imperial subjects with legitimate claims to British liberties and recounts the loyalist‐British relationship over the long durée. In the first approach, the loyalists disrupt the conventional narrative of the nation; in the second, they participate in the construction of empire.
Ampullary cancer – a separate clinical entity?
Authors: Perysinakis Iraklis , Margaris Ilias , Kouraklis Gregory 
Published: November 2013

AimsAmpullary cancer is a relatively uncommon tumour, with a better prognosis than pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to review the recent literature on ampullary adenocarcinoma, focusing on histological types and prognostic factors.Methods and resultsUsing PubMed, we carried out a comprehensive search of the literature, which was extended to April 2013 to retrieve all additional publications. Ampullary cancer comprises two main histological subtypes, the pancreatobiliary type and the intestinal type. These subtypes have different pathogenetic and clinical characteristics. Clinical and histological parameters as well as immunohistochemical markers have been identified as significant prognostic factors in ampullary cancer. Moreover, several immunohistochemical markers have been studied, not only as prognostic factors but as a means of differentiating ampullary from other peri‐ampullary tumours, and of identifying the exact histological subtype.ConclusionsThe considerable differences in the frequencies of the two subtypes of ampullary tumours reported in literature reinforce the necessity to define molecular markers to distinguish them. Until then, the significance of the histological subtype as a prognostic factor should be evaluated cautiously. Future research on the pathogenesis of ampullary cancer will possibly suggest that we should stop treating this type of cancer as a separate entity.
Structure, trypsin inhibitor activity and functional properties of germinated soybean protein isolate
Authors: Aijie Liu , Shouwei Yin , Li Li 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe objective of this research was to investigate the effects of germination on functional and conformational properties as well as the in vitro trypsin digestibility of soy protein isolate (SPI). The influences of germination on the molecular properties of SPI were also evaluated. The germination degraded lipoxygenase, α, α' subunits of β‐conglycinin (7S) and acidic chains of glycinin (11S) of soybean. Concomitantly, the loss of tertiary structures of SPI occurred due to the germination. The trypsin inhibitor activity of germinated SPI presented a decreasing trend, followed by an increase in the growth of hypocotyls. The in vitro trypsin digestibility of germinated SPI followed a consistent trend with the trypsin inhibitor activity. The protein solubility (PS) and emulsifying properties of SPI were improved by the germination, in a hypocotyl length‐dependent manner. The data suggest that some selected functional properties and the in vitro digestibility of soy proteins can be improved by means of the germination.
Double Return Migration: Failed Returns to Poland Leading to Settlement Abroad and New Transnational Strategies
Authors: White Anne 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMany Poles who have arrived in the UK since EU accession show signs of settling. Often (especially for families with school‐age children) this is a gradual process. Other Poles have returned to Poland, but Poland currently seems to be having problems keeping its return migrants. Many go back only to depart again. This article focuses on why some returnees change their minds and decide to make a long‐term home abroad. It explores the implications of this decision for transnational practices and identities. It argues that often the key objective is stability. Choosing to settle abroad in the hope of a stable life, returnees attempt to live less split lives. While maintaining certain transnational practices, they scale down others, such as return visits to Poland and keeping well‐informed about Polish current events. Simultaneously, they make a decisive effort to integrate into the regular UK labour and housing markets.
Dietary and oral hygiene habits of active athletes and adolescents attending ordinary junior high schools
Authors: Anttonen Vuokko , Kemppainen Anna , Niinimaa Ahti , Pesonen Paula , Tjäderhane Leo , Jaana Laitinen 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundActive sports require sufficient energy intake. How do young athletes meet this need? The aim of this study was to investigate self‐reported health and oral behaviors of young athletes and to compare them with a population‐based sample of ordinary adolescents.DesignA computer‐based questionnaire on oral hygiene habits and dietary habits was conducted in two junior high schools with special classes for athletes in 2011. Adolescents of similar age (n = 1230) attending ordinary classes had responded the same questionnaire earlier in the city of Oulu (in 2004) and in Kajaani, Finland (in 2006–2007). Answers to individual questions as well as sum scores of the answers were analyzed. The answers of the athletes and ordinary adolescents were analyzed by gender using cross‐tabulation and chi‐square testing.ResultsThe mean sum score of the athletes indicated their more favorable health behavior compared with the other adolescents. They also ate more frequently the four daily than the others; in addition, they ate the school lunch as an entity which it was intended. However, the athlete boys consumed more fizzy/soft drinks and ate chocolate more often than the rest. The athletes also brushed their teeth more frequently than ordinary adolescents. Oral health behavior of the girls was better than that of the boys.ConclusionsHealth behavior of the young athletes is better than that of other adolescents. Continuous oral health education should be targeted to all adolescents; growing boys should be target group of information on healthy sources of energy.
Fifty Years of Research and Development Coming to Fruition; Unraveling the Complex Interactions during Processing of Transparent Magnesium Aluminate (MgAl2O4) Spinel
Authors: Rubat du Merac Marc , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim , Müller Mathis M. , Reimanis Ivar E. 
Published: November 2013

The need for materials for demanding optical applications has engendered a resurgent interest in transparent ceramics. Transparent polycrystalline magnesium aluminate spinel is one especially promising and rapidly maturing technology that can fill this niche. Although it has been studied for over 50 yr, it is only recently that highly transparent components with acceptable mechanical properties have been reliably fabricated at reasonable cost. Development has been hindered by the inherent difficulty in sintering spinel to the near‐theoretical density required for transparency, a high sensitivity to powder and processing parameters, variable stoichiometry, and a lack of understanding of the synthesis–processing–property relationships. The driver of recent success is an emerging understanding of complex, multiscale, multivariable interactions that occur during green‐body formation and sintering. In particular, certain key variables play a decisive role in determining compact properties and their evolution must be controlled from synthesis to the finished product. This article features the interactions between these key variables during processing and gives an exposé of the state of the art in transparent polycrystalline spinel fabrication.
Local levels of inflammatory mediators in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Duarte Poliana M. , Bezerra Joyce P. , Miranda Tamires S. , Feres Magda , Chambrone Leandro , Shaddox Luciana M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of a wide panel of cyto/chemokines in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of uncontrolled type 2 diabetic subjects as compared with non‐diabetic subjects with periodontitis.MethodsTwenty‐six uncontrolled type 2 diabetic subjects (glycated haemoglobin levels >7.5%) and 20 non‐diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. The levels of 14 cyto/chemokines were measured in the GCF of healthy and diseased sites of the diabetic and non‐diabetic subjects using multiplex bead immunoassays.ResultsThe concentrations of eotaxin, macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α and IL‐12 were higher in healthy and diseased sites of diabetic than non‐diabetic subjects, after adjustment for multiple comparisons (p < 0.0035).ConclusionUncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus modulated the local levels of several cyto/chemokines at both healthy and diseased periodontal sites in favour of a proinflammatory profile, which may partially explain the greater susceptibility of diabetic subjects to periodontal breakdown.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Cereal Extrudates with Different Levels of Defatted Blackcurrant Seeds
Authors: Gumul Dorota , Ziobro Rafał , Zięba Tomasz , Rój Edward 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of different proportions of defatted blackcurrant seeds on the nonstarch polysaccharide, sugar, starch and vitamin C content and the basic physical properties of cereal extrudates. The analyzed extrudates were based on cornmeal, which was partly replaced with blackcurrant seeds in proportions of 10, 30 and 50%. It was observed that the addition of seeds caused elevation in fiber and hemicelluloses compared with the control; the beta‐glucan content in all analyzed samples was negligible. The vitamin C content in extrudates with seeds was several times higher, but the amount of starch decreased and the level of sugar increased in comparison with control. Extrudates with seeds added were characterized by higher water‐binding capacity and solubility in comparison with a control (with the exception of that with 50% seeds). It was shown that the addition of seeds increased the density and reduced the expansion of extrudates.Practical ApplicationsThe physicochemical characteristics of cereal extrudates were highly dependent on the proportion of defatted blackcurrant seeds. The study showed a correlation between the physical parameters and the chemical composition of the snacks. The addition of defatted blackcurrant seeds to cereal snacks to a proportion of 10% resulted in a product with high expansion, low density, good solubility and water‐binding properties, and enhanced levels of pro‐health components.
Comparative Antibacterial Activity of Tryptic‐Hydrolyzed Palm Kernel Cake Proteins of Different Degrees of Hydrolysis
Authors: Tan Yen Nee , Ayob Mohd Khan , Matthews Karl R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractProtein from palm kernel cake (PKC), a feed ingredient for ruminants, was extracted, hydrolyzed with trypsin and tested for its antibacterial properties. PKC hydrolysates of different degrees of hydrolysis (DH%, 60–100) were prepared using trypsin. The hydrolysis conditions were suggested by mathematical models obtained using response surface methodology with two‐level factorial design and central composite rotatable design. The PKC hydrolysates of different DH% were compared for their antibacterial properties. PKC hydrolysates with DH% of 80, 90 and 100 showed the greatest antibacterial efficacy against Bacillus cereus, B. coagulans, B. pumilus, B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis, B. thuringiensis and Listeria monocytogenes compared with PKC hydrolysates of other DH%, with no significant difference among bacteria (P > 0.05). This result suggests that greater antibacterial activity was proportionately related to higher DH%.Practical ApplicationsRemarkably, an antibacterial protein product was successfully prepared from palm kernel cake (PKC), an oil palm milling waste that is commonly used as an animal feed ingredient. This encouraging finding widens the prospects for the usage of PKC and simultaneously provides a new means of income, but, most importantly, can help fulfill the environmental conservation commitment of Malaysia, the leading producer of palm oil. This study suggests that the PKC protein product may be suitable for application in the food or pharmaceutical industry as an antimicrobial agent.
Executive function in children with intellectual disability – the effects of sex, level and aetiology of intellectual disability
Authors: Memisevic H. , Sinanovic O. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundExecutive function is very important in the children's overall development. The goal of this study was to assess the executive function in children with intellectual disability (ID) through the use of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) teacher version. An additional goal was to examine the differences in executive function in relation to child's sex, level and aetiology of ID.MethodThe sample consisted of 90 children with ID attending two special education schools in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. There were 42 children with mild ID and 48 children with moderate ID. Of those, 54 were boys and 36 were girls. Children were classified into three etiological categories: 30 children with Down syndrome, 30 children with other genetic cause or organic brain injury and 30 children with unknown aetiology of ID. Special education teachers, who knew the children for at least 6 months filled the BRIEF.ResultsChildren with ID had a significant deficit in executive function as measured by the BRIEF. There were no statistically significant differences in executive function in relation to the child's sex. Level of ID had a significant effect on executive function. In relation to the aetiology of ID, the only significant difference was on the Shift scale of the BRIEF.ConclusionsKnowing what executive function is most impaired in children with ID will help professionals design better intervention strategies. More attention needs to be given to the assessment of executive function and its subsequent intervention in the school settings.