bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recreational Physical Activity Experiences Among Guatemalan Families With Children With Visual Impairments
Authors: Columna Luis , Fernández-Vivó Margarita , Lieberman Lauren , Arndt Katrina 
Published: October 2014

Background:Nationwide research indicates that children with visual impairment have limited participation in recreational and sport activities than their peers. This is due in part to the lack of recreational opportunities and facilities, as well as a lack of awareness by parents of how and where their children can participate. The purpose of the current study was to explore the experiences of Latino families of children with visual impairments living in Guatemala regarding physical recreation. Participants were Latino parents (N = 13) who have children with visual impairments recruited from a sport camp.Methods:Qualitative data were gathered through one-on-one interviews that were transcribed and analyzed through a constant comparative analysis.Results:Participating Latino families who resided in Guatemala City participated at least once a month in low budget recreational activities with their children with visual impairments. Activities were mostly done in local surroundings and led mainly by their mother. Benefits identified by the participants related to relaxation, socialization, and sense of independence, with minimal mention of health related benefits.Conclusions:There is a need to disseminate information to the Latino community with children with visual impairments regarding the multiple benefits that arise from being involved in recreational physical activities.
TEARS OF THE FASCIA CRURIS AT THE ATTACHMENT TO THE ACHILLES TENDON
Authors: Webborn N , Morrissey D , Chan O 
Published: October 2014

AimTo describe the clinical presentation, ultrasound imaging characteristics, and the time to recovery of tears of the fascia cruris. The fascia cruris encloses the posterior structures of the calf and connects to the paratenon and Achilles tendon.1 2 Injuries to this structure have not previously been described.MethodsRetrospective review of 13 fascia cruris tears in 9 patients (6 male and 3 female, mean age 35.52 year, range 11–48) with identified using diagnostic ultrasound, after presenting with Achillodynia.Results9 athletic subjects were identified and presented at a mean of 4.5 weeks (range 0.5–12) after the symptom onset. Subjects were typically highly active comprising four sub-3 hr marathon runners, three high level triathletes and two tennis players. The left Achilles was more commonly injured than right (7:4) and lateral side more than medial (6:4) with one bilateral presentation. Clinically there was swelling and well localised tenderness over the tear site and from the mid to upper portion of the Achilles. 7 of the 11 (63.6%) had functional over-pronation. US appearances of the tear included a hypo-echoic area extending from the medial or lateral border of the Achilles anteriorly along the anatomical plane of the fascia cruris. Average return to activity was 5.2 weeks (range 1–22 weeks). Subjects presenting later had longer recovery (r=0.4) but all subjects returned to full activity.ConclusionsThis is the first description of the clinical details and sonographic findings of a tear to the fascia cruris at its attachment to the Achilles tendon and paratenon. It tends to occur at the confluence of the fascia cruris onto the paratenon and Achilles. This needs to be considered as a cause of Achillodynia in athletes and early diagnosis aids early return to activity.
HAMSTRING INJURIES IN A PREMIER LEAGUE FOOTBALL TEAM. MRI VS. CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Eastwood D 
Published: October 2014

IntroductionHamstring injury is the most common injury in professional football1MRI is often used as both a diagnostic and prognostic tool, but clinical judgment is always used to assess injury. There is little evidence in current literature to compare the two.AimsTo evaluate MRI scanning for predicting time missed after hamstring injuries and compare it to clinical judgment.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out, using the medical database of Sunderland AFC (SAFC): a Premier League football club. Players with a hamstring injury who had had an MRI scan were selected. Injuries occurred between 7/03/2009 and 16/02/2013. I found 'individual time-loss', 'radiological findings on MRI' and ‘clinical findings’ for each player's injury, in documentation by medical staff at SAFC. MRI findings were interpreted using a modified Peetron's classification into four grades. An established system by Jan Ekstrand2predicts time, in days, out of full contact training and playing football matches, based on Peetron's grades. I used this to analyse the accuracy of MRI and of clinical grading.ResultsIn total, 27 players had hamstring injuries, all receiving an MRI scan and clinical assessment. For MRI classification, 7.4% were grade 0 injuries, 55.5% grade 1, 37.0% grade 2 and 0% grade 3. Clinical judgment assessed 3.7% at grade 0, 62.9% grade 1, 25.9% grade 2 and 7.4% grade 3. Therefore, clinical grading given by medical professionals did not always concur with grading reported from MRI. When using Erkstrand's grading system, clinical grading was more accurate in predicting time out. MRI grading appeared to underestimate injuries; injuries assessed as low grade in fact led to more days injured than predicted. Most injuries (18/27) were given the same MRI and clinical grading, illustrating that there was only some variation between methods.ConclusionsMRI is helpful in verifying the diagnosis and prognosis of a hamstring injury.Clinical grading appeared more accurate than MRI grading in predicting number of days injured. However, this was not statistically significant (p value 0.25).MRI “under grading” may result in a tendency to encourage players to train too soon.Over 60% of hamstring injuries were of radiological grade 0 or 1 (no signs of fibre disruption on MRI) but, in fact, these injuries caused the majority of days out.
Influence of Refractive Condition on Retinal Vasculature Complexity in Younger Subjects
Authors: Che Azemin Mohd Zulfaezal , Mohamad Daud Norsyazwani , Ab Hamid Fadilah , Zahari Ilyanoon , Sapuan Abdul Halim 
Published: October 2014

Objective. The aim of this study was to compare the retinal vasculature complexity between emmetropia, and myopia in younger subjects.Methods. A total of 82 patients (24.12±1. 25years) with two types of refractive conditions, myopia and emmetropia were enrolled in this study. Refraction data were converted to spherical equivalent refraction. These retinal images (right eyes) were obtained from NAVIS Lite Image Filing System and the vasculature complexity was measured by fractal dimension (Df), quantified using a computer software following a standardized protocol.Results. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the value ofDfbetween emmetropic (1.5666 ± 0.0160) and myopic (1.5588 ± 0.0142) groups. A positive correlation (rho = 0.260,P < 0.05) between theDfand the spherical equivalent refraction was detected in this study. Using a linear model, it was estimated that 6.7% of the variation inDfcould be explained by spherical equivalent refraction.Conclusions. This study provides valuable findings about the effect of moderate to high myopia on the fractal dimension of the retinal vasculature network. These results show that myopic refraction in younger subjects was associated with a decrease inDf, suggesting a loss of retinal vessel density with moderate to high myopia.
Marine Macrostomorpha (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from the Algarve (Southern Portugal)
Authors: SCHOCKAERT ERNEST R. 
Published: October 2014

Ten species of Macrostomorpha were found in marine environments of the Algarve (Portugal). Six of them were found in the Ria Formosa, a vast intertidal euryhaline lagoon system that dominates the most Eastern coast of the Algarve: two unidentified species of Microstomum Schmidt, 1848, Macrostomum cf. rubrocinctum Ax, 1951 and two unidentified species of Macrostomum Schmidt, 1848, Paromalostomum dubium (de Beauchamps, 1927), Paromalostomum minutum Rieger, 1971 and Cylindromacrostomum faroensis n.sp.. Comparison of this species with C. mediterraneum (Ax, 1955) and the species from Venice, considered to be C. mediterraneum by Rieger (1977), leads to the conclusion that the individuals studied by Rieger are in fact representatives of a separate species, C. riegeri n.sp.. Acanthomacrostomum spiculiferum Papi & Swedmark, 1959 was found in the Atlantic, 10–15 m deep, near the western coast of the Algarve. Haplopharynx papii n. sp. occurs on the beach exposed to the Atlantic as well as in the Ria Formosa. All identified and previously known (marine) species found in the Algarve had been found before, either in the Atlantic or in the Mediterranean basin.
The capacity of activated kaolins to remove colour pigments from rice bran oil: the effects of acid concentration and pre-heating prior to activation
Authors: Aung L. L. , Tertre E. , Worasith N. , Suksabye P. , Thiravetyan P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study focuses on the effects of both thermal treatment (between 80 and 700°C) and chemical activation (concentration of sulfuric acid between 0.3 and 2 M) of natural Ranong kaolins (ground or not) from Thailand to remove the undesirable colour of rice bran oil. The mineralogical, physical and physicochemical properties of the initial and activated kaolins are discussed in relation with the bleaching effectiveness of the activated sample investigated. Generally, the greater the temperature used before the activation step and the concentration of sulfuric acid used during activation, the greater the structural degradation of the kaolinite; Al is removed from the octahedral sheet of kaolinite and amorphous SiO2 dominates the samples. The measured maximum bleaching capacity is not necessarily obtained when using the activated kaolin having the highest specific surface area and pore volume; rather, the bleaching capacity is dependent on both alumina contents and proportion of kaolinite in the samples. Indeed, the partial preservation of the kaolinite structure is crucial to obtain a good bleaching capacity of kaolin in relation to the preservation of the aluminol sites which are likely to be involved in the adsorption of unsaturated molecules present in the rice bran oil. Moreover, as previously demonstrated, a partial leaching of Al from octahedral sheets of kaolin is also an important factor in order to obtain good bleaching capacities. Finally, the optimal preheating temperature and concentration of sulfuric acid which permit the best bleaching capacity of kaolin are reported.
The effect of oxalic acid activation on the bleaching properties of a bentonite from Milos Island, Greece
Authors: Taxiarchou M. , Douni I. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA bentonite from Milos, Greece, was activated with oxalic acid and the effect of acid activation conditions on bleaching of sunflower oil was investigated. The activation parameters studied were temperature, retention time and oxalic acid to bentonite mass ratio. The activated materials produced had good bleaching properties and were suitable for industrial use as bleaching earths. Optimum bleaching properties could be achieved using a variety of combinations of acid to bentonite ratios and activation times. Bleaching efficiency tests indicated that 24 h activation at 100°C with 1m oxalic acid and 25% pulp density (w/v) gave results equivalent to that of a commercial bleaching earth (Tonsil Optimum 210 FF). The combination that is likely to be more preferable on an industrial scale was 100°C, 25% pulp density (w/v), 1m initial oxalic acid concentration, 60% recycling of the oxalate solution (making up an acid to bentonite ratio 0.2 w/w) and 6 h activation time. The materials produced under these conditions have acceptable bleaching properties, corresponding to bleaching capacity greater than 78% compared to commercial Tonsil, and colour index (in red and yellow units) equal or even better than Tonsil.
Silylation of mechanically ground kaolinite
Authors: Tao Q. , Su L. , Frost R.L. , Zhang D. , Chen M. , Shen W. , He H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSilylated kaolinites were synthesized at 80°C without the use of inert gas protection. The method presented started with mechanical grinding of kaolinite, followed by grafting with 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The mechanical grinding treatment destroyed the ordered sheets of kaolinite, formed fine fragments and generated broken bonds (undercoordinated metal ions). These broken bonds served as new sites for the condensation with APTES. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the existence of −CH2 from APTES. 29Si cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (29Si CP/MAS NMR) showed that the principal bonding mechanism between APTES and kaolinite fitted a tridentate silylation model (T3) with a chemical shift at −66.7 ppm. The silane loadings of the silylated samples were estimated from the mass loss obtained by TG-DTG curves. The results showed that the 6-hour ground kaolinite could be grafted with the most APTES (7.0%) using cyclohexane as solvent. The loaded amount of APTES in the silylated samples obtained in different solvents decreased in the order as: nonpolar solvent > polar solvent with low dielectric constant (toluene) > polar solvent with high dielectric constant (ethanol).
High incidence and remission of reported food hypersensitivity in Swedish children followed from 8 to 12 years of age – a population based cohort study
Authors: Winberg Anna , Strinnholm Åsa , Hedman Linnea , West Christina E , Perzanowski Matthew S , Rönmark Eva 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundFew population‐based cohort studies have examined reported food hypersensitivity longitudinally. We investigated prevalence, incidence and remission of perceived food hypersensitivity among schoolchildren from 8 to 12 years of age, and risk factors associated with incidence and remission.MethodsA population‐based cohort including all 7–8 year‐old children in three Swedish towns was recruited in 2006. A total of 2,585 (96% of invited) children participated in a parental questionnaire. The children in two of the towns, n = 1,700 (90% of invited) also participated in skin‐prick‐testing with airborne allergens. The cohort was followed using the same methods at 11–12 years of age. At study follow up, specific IgE to foods was analyzed in a randomized subset of children (n = 652).ResultsThe prevalence of perceived food hypersensitivity increased from 21% at 8 years to 26% at 12 years of age. During this four‐year‐period, the cumulative incidence of food hypersensitivity was high (15%), as was remission (33%). This pattern was particularly evident for hypersensitivity to cow´s milk, while the incidence of hypersensitivity to other foods was lower. Female sex, allergic heredity, current rhinitis and allergic sensitization were associated with the incidence of food hypersensitivity and allergic sensitization was negatively associated with remission. Risk‐factor‐patterns for both incidence and remission were different for hypersensitivity to milk compared with hypersensitivity to other foods. Generally, the agreement between reported food hypersensitivity and IgE‐sensitization to the implicated food was poor.ConclusionsIn this longitudinal, population‐based cohort‐study perceived food hypersensitivity was common among children between ages 8 and 12, often transient and not well correlated with food‐specific IgE. While these findings suggest an overestimated prevalence of food hypersensitivity, the public‐health‐significance remains high as they reflect the perceived reality to which the children adapt their life and food intakes.
miRNA Temporal Analyzer (mirnaTA): a bioinformatics tool for identifying differentially expressed microRNAs in temporal studies using normal quantile transformation
Authors: Cer Regina Z , Herrera-Galeano J Enrique , Anderson Joseph J , Bishop-Lilly Kimberly A , Mokashi Vishwesh P 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
Understanding the biological roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) is a an active area of research that has produced a surge of publications in PubMed, particularly in cancer research. Along with this increasing interest, many open-source bioinformatics tools to identify existing and/or discover novel miRNAs in next-generation sequencing (NGS) reads become available. While miRNA identification and discovery tools are significantly improved, the development of miRNA differential expression analysis tools, especially in temporal studies, remains substantially challenging. Further, the installation of currently available software is non-trivial and steps of testing with example datasets, trying with one's own dataset, and interpreting the results require notable expertise and time. Subsequently, there is a strong need for a tool that allows scientists to normalize raw data, perform statistical analyses, and provide intuitive results without having to invest significant efforts.

Findings
We have developed miRNA Temporal Analyzer (mirnaTA), a bioinformatics package to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in temporal studies. mirnaTA is written in Perl and R (Version 2.13.0 or later) and can be run across multiple platforms, such as Linux, Mac and Windows. In the current version, mirnaTA requires users to provide a simple, tab-delimited, matrix file containing miRNA name and count data from a minimum of two to a maximum of 20 time points and three replicates. To recalibrate data and remove technical variability, raw data is normalized using Normal Quantile Transformation (NQT), and linear regression model is used to locate any miRNAs which are differentially expressed in a linear pattern. Subsequently, remaining miRNAs which do not fit a linear model are further analyzed in two different non-linear methods 1) cumulative distribution function (CDF) or 2) analysis of variances (ANOVA). After both linear and non-linear analyses are completed, statistically significant miRNAs (P?&lt;?0.05) are plotted as heat maps using hierarchical cluster analysis and Euclidean distance matrix computation methods.

Conclusions
mirnaTA is an open-source, bioinformatics tool to aid scientists in identifying differentially expressed miRNAs which could be further mined for biological significance. It is expected to provide researchers with a means of interpreting raw data to statistical summaries in a fast and intuitive manner.
Peptaibols from Trichoderma asperellum TR356 strain isolated from Brazilian soil
Authors: Brito João PC , Ramada Marcelo HS , de Magalhães Mariana TQ , Silva Luciano P , Ulhoa Cirano J 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The Trichoderma genus consists of a group of free-living filamentous fungi, including species able to act as biological control agents (BCAs) against pathogenic fungi. It is believed that this ability is due to synergy between several mechanisms, including the production of a wide variety of secondary metabolites by these organisms. Among these, we highlight the production of peptaibols, an antibiotic peptide group characterized by the presence of non-proteinogenic amino acids such as α-aminoisobutyrate (Aib), as well as by N-terminal modifications and amino alcohols in the C-terminal region. This study aimed to outline a profile of peptaibol production and to identify secreted peptaibols from the Trichoderma asperellum TR356 strain, described as an efficient BCA against S. sclerotiorum. The fungus was grown on TLE 0.3% glucose medium for 5 days, with agitation at 120 rpm in the dark. Liquid medium filtrate was used as the metabolite source. These extracts were subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and subsequent analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The results indicate the production of two classes of peptaibols for this T. asperellum strain. Primary structures of two asperelines (A and E) and five trichotoxins (T5D2, T5E, T5F, T5G and 1717A) have been elucidated. Most of these peptaibols had been previously described in T. viride and T. asperellum marine strains. This is the first report of some of these compounds being produced by a T. asperellum strain from soil. Future analyses will be necessary to elucidate the three-dimensional structures and their activities against pathogens.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation: treatments for cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the neurodegenerative dementias?
Authors: Elder Greg J , Taylor John-Paul 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Two methods of non-invasive brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have demonstrable positive effects on cognition and can ameliorate neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression. Less is known about the efficacy of these approaches in common neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we evaluate the effects of TMS and tDCS upon cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the major dementias, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), as well as the potential pre-dementia states of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Methods
PubMed (until 7 February 2014) and PsycINFO (from 1967 to January Week 3 2014) databases were searched in a semi-systematic manner in order to identify relevant treatment studies. A total of 762 studies were identified and 32 studies (18 in the dementias and 14 in PD populations) were included.

Results
No studies were identified in patients with PDD, FTD or VaD. Of the dementias, 13 studies were conducted in patients with AD, one in DLB, and four in MCI. A total of 16 of the 18 studies showed improvements in at least one cognitive or neuropsychiatric outcome measure. Cognitive or neuropsychiatric improvements were observed in 12 of the 14 studies conducted in patients with PD.

Conclusions
Both TMS and tDCS may have potential as interventions for the treatment of symptoms associated with dementia and PD. These results are promising; however, available data were limited, particularly within VaD, PDD and FTD, and major challenges exist in order to maximise the efficacy and clinical utility of both techniques. In particular, stimulation parameters vary considerably between studies and are likely to subsequently impact upon treatment efficacy.
Sampling Methods� Evolution in Problem of Duration Reduction of Project with Limited Resources
Authors: �������  , Tsarkov Igor 
Published: October 2014

The project duration reduction problem in the conditions of limited renewable
resources is one of the most popular themes within researches in area
of project management�s mathematical models during more than 50 years.
Nowadays applying of exact optimization methods in real practice is impossible,
so heuristic methods are used in this problem resolution. Among a set
of heuristic methods there is a considerable share of so-called multipass
scheduling methods based on consecutive application of different heuristic
rules of resource conflicts resolution to the same project. If at this each new
schedule turns out with use of random numbers, they speak about sampling.
In this paper a review of existing sampling methods will be made, and
their efficiency research on the basis of PSPLIB projects will be conducted.
Besides, has been received a confirmation that at a large number of iterations
in a sampling method the parallel schemes surpass consecutive ones,
and a new method of sampling combining various schemes and rules of
priority has been constructed.