bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different open‐canopy vegetation types affect matrix permeability for a dispersing forest amphibian
Authors: Cline Brittany B. , Hunter Malcolm L. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryPopulation viability often depends on conserving functional connectivity in fragmented landscapes. For pool‐breeding amphibians, population connectivity is largely maintained through juvenile dispersal, often through various vegetation types that may differ as filters or conduits to movement.We quantified the relative permeability of different types of open‐canopy vegetation to juvenile wood frogsLithobates sylvaticusto determine whether this influences functional connectivity during dispersal.We conducted experimental releases of juveniles (n = 561) in ten runways representing five treatments: hayfield, moderate‐cover lawn (45–85% cover), open lawn (0% cover), row crop (forage‐corn) and recent clear‐cut. Runways consisted of 35 × 2·5 m enclosures, located perpendicular to a forest edge and extending into treatment areas with tracking stations at 10, 20 and 30 m. As indices of permeability, we measured the number of animals traversing each station, the proportion changing direction, movement timing and movement rates.Based on an index that compounds four metrics and scales them relative to mature forest as a control, permeability varied between open‐canopy cover types in the following order: row crop < hayfield < clear‐cut < open lawn < moderate‐cover lawn.The highest proportions of individuals changed direction (towards forest) in the hayfield, moderate‐cover lawn and clear‐cut, suggesting that juveniles may make forays into the open and subsequently assess habitat. Nonetheless, individuals could eventually transit entire runways, indicated by overall recaptures at 30 m (e.g. hayfield, 29%; moderate‐cover lawn, 24%; and clear‐cut, 20%) at the end of our six‐week experiment.Synthesis and applications. We provide quantitative evidence that open‐canopy cover types may act as differential ecological filters to ranging movements, and ultimately dispersal. Differences in the willingness of animals to enter treatments, coupled with motility and residency times, support the differing roles of open‐canopy vegetation as both filters and conduits to movement. Thus, it may be overly simplistic to estimate matrix permeability as uniformly low in models that predict movement in fragmented landscapes. To promote functional connectivity, modification of vegetation composition and configuration may provide an underutilized tool for conservation practitioners to reduce the effective isolation of habitat patches for post‐metamorphic amphibians.
Infant mental health promotion and the discourse of risk
Authors: Lawless Angela , Coveney John , MacDougall Colin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe field of infant mental health promotion has rapidly developed in academia, health policy and practice. Although there are roots in earlier childhood health and welfare movements, recent developments in infant mental health promotion are distinct and different. This article examines the development and practice of infant mental health promotion in South Australia. A regional, intersectoral forum with a focus on families and young children was used as a case study. In‐depth interviews with forum members were analysed using a governmentality lens. Participants identified a range of risks to the healthy development of the infant. The study suggests that the construction of risk acts as a technique of governing, providing the rationale for intervention for the child, the mother and the public's good. It places responsibility on parents to self‐govern. Although the influence of broader social contexts is acknowledged, the problematisation of mothering as risk shifts the focus to individual capacity, rather than encompassing the systems and social conditions that support healthy relationships. This research suggests that the representations of risk are a pervasive and potent influence that can act to undermine health promotion efforts that seek to empower and enable people to have more control over their own health.
Caring for persons with schizophrenia at home: examining the link between family caregivers' role distress and quality of life
Authors: Quah Stella 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article re‐examines the link between role distress and quality of life of family caregivers of a loved one with schizophrenia by exploring the impact of role overload (defined as spending 7 or more hours daily looking after the care recipient). Role theory and symbolic interactionism provide the conceptual background to this study. The research question is: under what conditions does role distress reduce quality of life? The answer helps us identify circumstances under which caregivers may be able to carry out their stressful caregiving role while minimising a decline in their quality of life. The data are from a purposive sample of 47 family caregivers in Singapore who were interviewed in person using a semi‐structured questionnaire. The data analysis includes non‐parametric tests, exploratory factor analysis and relative risks estimates. The findings show that the inverse association between role distress and quality of life found in most studies of family caregivers changes when hours of care are taken into consideration. While role distress is found among all family caregivers it only reduces the family caregiver's quality of life in situations of role overload. The implications for the situation of family caregivers are discussed.
Therapeutic journeys: the hopeful travails of stem cell tourists
Authors: Petersen Alan , Seear Kate , Munsie Megan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe recent growth of so‐called stem cell tourism reflects the high optimism that currently surrounds stem cell science. Stem cell treatments for various conditions are increasingly advertised over the Internet as being available at hospitals and clinics around the world. However, most are clinically unproven. Despite numerous warnings from scientists about the dangers posed by such treatments, many individuals are evidently prepared to take the risk, sometimes on more than one occasion. This article explores the dynamics of hope that underpin stem cell tourism. Drawing on ideas from the sociology of hope, as applied to biomedicine, the article explores how hope is constructed and shapes actions in relation to stem cell treatments. Making reference to the findings from an Australian study of patients and carers who travelled overseas to receive stem cell treatments, it is argued that hope has an ambiguous significance in the context of deregulated health care. As we explain, this has implications for patients' and carers' treatment decisions and experiences. The findings are discussed in light of current responses to stem cell tourism.
Reduplicated demonstratives in ancient Indo‐European languages
Authors: de Vaan Michiel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper discusses the occurrence of reduplicated demonstrative pronouns in the older Indo‐European languages and analyses their usage in the light of general linguistic insights into reduplication and demonstrative pronouns. The main aim is to find out whether the attested and reconstructed reduplicated demonstratives were inherited from Proto‐Indo‐European or arose at a later stage in the individual branches. I will discuss evidence from Sanskrit, Ancient Greek, the ancient Italic languages (Latin and the Sabellic branch), and the Celtic languages.
Learning from Home: Discourses on Education and Domestic Visual Culture in Early Modern Italy
Authors: Evangelisti Silvia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on the idea of domestic education in sixteenth‐ and seventeenth‐century Italy. Drawing on the cross‐reading of a selection of two different sets of printed sources – pedagogical tracts, and art tracts which largely intersected with Catholic aims of religious reform and the creation of a confessional state and society – the article discusses the educational value that was attributed to the home environment, in its private, public and political dimensions, and the relevance which was attached to domestic visual and material culture and to the senses as learning tools to be used by children of different gender, age and class. Debates about education uncover less‐known aspects of domesticity while suggesting the possibility to explore the continuities that might have existed between pre‐modern notions of education and modern ones.
Reliable protocols for whole‐mount fluorescentin situhybridization (FISH) in the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum: A comprehensive survey and analysis
Authors: Chung Chen‐yo , Cook Charles E. , Lin Gee‐way , Huang Ting‐Yu , Chang Chun‐che 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRNAin situhybridization (ISH), including chromogenic ISH (CISH) and fluorescent ISH (FISH), has become a powerful tool for revealing the spatial distribution of gene transcripts in model organisms. Previously, we developed a robust protocol for whole‐mount RNA CISH in the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum, an emerging insect genomic model. In order to improve the resolving capacity of gene detection, we comprehensively surveyed current protocols of whole‐mount RNA‐FISH and developed protocols that allow, using confocal microscopy, clearer visualization of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) – including those subcellularly localized and those with spatially overlapping expression. We find that Fast dye‐based substrate fluorescence (SF), tyramide signal amplification (TSA), and TSA Plus all enable identifying gene expression thanks to multiplex amplification of fluorescent signals. By contrast, methods of direct fluorescence (DF) do not allow visualizing signals. Detection of a single gene target was achieved with SF and TSA Plus for most mRNAs, whereas TSA only allowed visualization of abundant transcripts such asApvas1andAppiwi2in the germ cells. For detection of multiple gene targets using double FISH, we recommend: (i) TSA/TSA, rather than TSA Plus/TSA Plus for colocalized mRNAs abundantly expressed in germ cells, as proteinase K treatment can be omitted; and (ii) SF/TSA Plus for other gene targets such asApen1andApen2as inactivation of enzyme conjugates is not required. SF/SF is not ideal for double FISH experiments due to signal blurring. Based on these new conditions for RNA‐FISH, we have obtained a better understanding of germline specification and embryonic segmentation in the pea aphid. We anticipate that the RNA‐FISH protocols for the pea aphid may also be used for other aphids and possibly other insect species, thus expanding the range of species from which useful insights into development and evolution may be obtained.
The impact of arthritis on pain and quality of life: an Australian survey
Authors: Hunter David J. , Riordan Edward A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of arthritis pain and quality of life among adults with arthritis‐related pain in Australia.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted on a convenience sample of adults with arthritis‐related pain in Australia from an access research panel. The survey was administered to 1039 participants who reported experiencing pain or loss of mobility as a result of their arthritis. The survey covered details of their condition, descriptions of the pain, impacts of pain on their daily lives, information regarding pain management and medication, the Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP) tool, the EQ5D (a standardized measure of health tool) and demographic information.ResultsOsteoarthritis (OA) was the most common form of arthritis (69% of respondents). The back (65%), knees (64%) and fingers (61%) were the regions in which pain was most commonly reported; 87% of respondents reported that their pain tended to change in intensity, with exercise and cold weather producing significantly increased levels of pain. Forty‐seven percent of patients reported that the worst impact of arthritis was on their capacity to carry out activities of daily living. The majority of patients (71%) found their pain management programs to be of ‘medium effectiveness’ or ‘fairly effective’, although 17% described it as ineffective.ConclusionPersons with arthritis in Australia demonstrate marked pain‐related functional impairment characterized by difficulty with many aspects of daily activity. The results suggest that a substantial benefit may be derived from increased awareness of the disease and increased knowledge about the potential for improved management.
Cutaneous reactive angiomatosis associated with erythema ab igne
Authors: Palmer Matthew J , Lee Adriene , O'Keefe Rod 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe present the case of a 49‐year‐old man with an 18‐month history of an intermittently pruritic red‐brown reticulate eruption of the medial legs, with occasional blistering. There were areas of scale, crust and superficial erosions. The patient worked long overnight shifts standing in front of hot machinery wearing shorts, and spent time sitting in front of a heater at home. A clinical diagnosis of erythema ab igne (EAI) was made. This settled with heater avoidance and protection of the legs with long trousers, as well as a topical corticosteroid. Histology showed features of cutaneous reactive angiomatosis, a rare condition with various associations but only previously reported once in association with EAI.
Mutations in KCNJ5 determines presentation and likelihood of cure in primary hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Ip Julian C. Y. , Pang Tony C. Y. , Pon Cindy K. , Zhao Jing Ting , Sywak Mark S. , Gill Anthony J. , Soon Patsy S. , Sidhu Stan B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionPrimary hyperaldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of secondary hypertension. Two recurrent mutations (G151R and L168R) in the potassium channel gene KCNJ5 have been identified that affect the Kir3.4 potassium channel found in the cells of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of KCNJ5 mutations in an Australian cohort of patients and to correlate these findings with clinical outcome data, in order to describe the clinical impact on patients who harbour this mutation.MethodsDirect Sanger sequencing for KCNJ5 on DNA from adrenal tumour tissue of 83 patients with PA in a cohort study was undertaken and mutation status correlated with clinical outcome data.ResultsSeventy‐one of 83 patients (86%) had adrenocortical adenomas and 12 patients (14%) had bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. A total of 34 (41%) patients were found to have heterozygous somatic mutations in KCNJ5, G151R and L168R. No germ line mutations were identified. Patients with mutations were predominately female (68% versus 49%) and significantly younger at presentation (48 versus 55 years). When correlated with clinical data, our results demonstrated that patients with KCNJ5 mutations were more likely to be cured following surgery without the requirement for ongoing medications.ConclusionsOur findings in a large Australian cohort show that patients with mutations in KCNJ5 present earlier with the signs and symptoms of PA benefit from surgical intervention. Moreover, our results highlight the importance of a thorough workup and management plan for younger patients who present with hypertension.
Family history of mental conditions in the preventive paediatric primary care: is it really used? Case of the Netherlands
Authors: Syurina Elena V , Hens Kristien , Dondorp Wybo J , Feron Frans JM 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimMany child‐onset mental health diseases have strong epigenetic links, but no genetic tests are yet available for them. Family history (FH) information in paediatric primary care should be promoted to assist decision‐making. This study aims to explore the extent of the real‐life use of the FH for mental health issues by paediatric physicians.MethodsThe medical records of 474 children (31.5% female), referred to the specialised mental health care services in the Netherlands, were used. Data were retrospectively extracted from the medical files, according to a list of 15 criteria regarding the use of FH information.ResultsThe FH was explored in the form of a diagnosis and was presented at birth in 88.3% of cases and in half of the files at 5 years. Negative FH and the age of relatives at the time of diagnosis were virtually not mentioned. FH was present in more reports from the specialists, than in referral letters.ConclusionDespite the high importance of FH for primary paediatric care, this study shows that FH is underreported in practice. We should promote structural FH taking to increase how often it is used to treat children who do not meet criteria for definitive diagnosis.
Highlands of history: Indigenous identity and its antecedents in Cambodia
Authors: Padwe Jonathan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe notion that Cambodia's highland people may claim a distinct ‘Indigenous’ identity has emerged only recently in Cambodia. To date, advocacy for rights under the banner of indigeneity has produced few results for highlanders. Among the problems faced by advocates for Indigenous rights, problems of definition and translation represent an important challenge. Arguing that concepts like ‘Indigeneity’ are not simply adopted ex nihilo in new settings, but are rather incorporated into existing structures of meaning, this paper explores culturally produced understandings of who highlanders are, concentrating in particular on the way that the term ‘Indigenous’ has been translated into Khmer. The use of the Khmer word daeum, or ‘original’, to distinguish between Indigenous and other forms of ethnic belonging in the newly derived translation of ‘Indigenous Peoples’ points to historically sedimented beliefs about highlanders as living ancestors of modern Khmers.
Taking stock of community‐based climate‐change adaptation projects in the Pacific
Authors: McNamara Karen Elizabeth 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA number of international donors have in recent years shown great interest in implementing community‐based projects related to adaptation to climate change climate‐ in the Pacific. This interest has seen a flurry of activity in Pacific communities to develop and implement on‐ground activities in the hope of enhancing adaptive capacity. This article draws on the results of a questionnaire completed by 31 agencies that have implemented climate‐change adaptation projects in various communities throughout the Pacific region. The impetus for this research is to better understand the types of projects that have been implemented, and assess their levels of success in safeguarding communities in the face of climate change. While there has been limited overall progress made across the region to address climate change impacts at the community level, four broad‐brush lessons that relate to the process of project development and implementation are drawn from this research. These lessons include the need to: provide locally and culturally appropriate community awareness and education; integrate local environmental knowledge throughout the project cycle; ensure that community ownership is involved in all project stages; and enhance sustainable livelihood resources more broadly.
Survival outcomes after radical and partial nephrectomy for clinical T2 renal tumours categorised by R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score
Authors: Kopp Ryan P. , Mehrazin Reza , Palazzi Kerrin L. , Liss Michael A. , Jabaji Ramzi , Mirheydar Hossein S. , Lee Hak J. , Patel Nishant , Elkhoury Fuad , Patterson Anthony L. , Derweesh Ithaar H. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveWe evaluated survival outcomes of partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN) for clinical T2 renal masses (cT2RM) controlling for R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score.Patients and MethodsA two‐centre study comprised of 202 patients with cT2RM who underwent RN (122) or PN (80) between July 2002 and June 2012 (median follow‐up 41.5 months). Kaplan−Meier analysis compared overall survival (OS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) among the entire cohort and within categories of R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score of ≥10 and <10. Association between procedure and PFS and OS was analysed using Cox‐proportional hazard.ResultsThere were no significant differences between PN and RN in clinical T stage and R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores. For RN and PN, the 5‐year PFS was 69.8% and 79.9% (P = 0.115), CSS was 82.5% and 86.7% (P = 0.407), and OS was 80% and 83.3% (P = 0.291). Cox regression showed no association between RN vs PN and PFS; a R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score of ≥10 was associated with a shorter PFS (hazard ratio 6.69, P = 0.002). Kaplan–Meier analysis for RN vs PN showed no difference in PFS for entire cohort or within the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score categories of ≥10 and <10. The PFS was better for those with R.E.N.A.L nephrometry scores of <10 vs ≥10 (P < 0.001) and for cT2a vs cT2b tumours (P = 0.012). OS was no different between cT2a and cT2b tumours; patients with R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores of ≥10 were more likely to die from disease (P < 0.001) or any cause (P < 0.001) vs those with R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores of <10.ConclusionsPN may be oncologically effective for cT2RM. A R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score of ≥10 is negatively associated with OS among cT2RM compared with a score of <10 and provides additional risk assessment beyond clinical T stage. Further follow‐up and prospective randomised investigation is requisite to confirm efficacy of PN for cT2RM.
Impact of untreated dental caries on quality of life of preschool children: different stages and activity
Authors: Ramos‐Jorge Joana , Pordeus Isabela A. , Ramos‐Jorge Maria L. , Marques Leandro S. , Paiva Saul M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present population‐based cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the association between untreated dental caries, considering stages and activity, and the impact on OHRQoL among preschool children and their parents/caregivers.MethodsA randomly selected sample of 451 Brazilian preschool children aged three to 5 years underwent a clinical oral examination for the assessment of dental caries using the ICDAS II criteria. Parents/caregivers were asked to answer two questionnaires: one on the OHRQoL of the children (ECOHIS) and another on the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the children and families. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, the chi‐square test, Mann–Whitney test and hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression models.ResultsThe prevalence of early childhood caries was 51.2%. The majority of teeth with caries exhibited severe decay (60.6%). Untreated severe decay, such as active lesions within visible dentin (P < 0.001), extensive active and inactive cavity without pulp exposure or fistula (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), extensive cavity with pulp exposure and absence of fistula (P = 0.003) and root remnant (P = 0.002), were associated with a negative impact on quality of life.ConclusionActive and inactive untreated severe carious lesions were associated with a negative impact on the quality of life of preschoolers and their parents/caregivers.