bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myeloid Cell TRAF3 Regulates Immune Responses and Inhibits Inflammation and Tumor Development in Mice
Authors: Lalani Almin I. , Moore Carissa R. , Luo Chang , Kreider Benjamin Z. , Liu Yan , Morse Herbert C. , Xie Ping 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Myeloid cells, including granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, are crucial players in innate immunity and inflammation. These cells constitutively or inducibly express a number of receptors of the TNFR and TLR families, whose signals are transduced by TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) molecules. In vitro studies showed that TRAF3 is required for TLR-induced type I IFN production, but the in vivo function of TRAF3 in myeloid cells remains unknown. In this article, we report the generation and characterization of myeloid cell–specific TRAF3-deficient (M-TRAF3−/−) mice, which allowed us to gain insights into the in vivo functions of TRAF3 in myeloid cells. We found that TRAF3 ablation did not affect the maturation or homeostasis of myeloid cells in young adult mice, even though TRAF3-deficient macrophages and neutrophils exhibited constitutive NF-κB2 activation. However, in response to injections with LPS (a bacterial mimic) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (a viral mimic), M-TRAF3−/− mice exhibited an altered profile of cytokine production. M-TRAF3−/− mice immunized with T cell–independent and –dependent Ags displayed elevated T cell–independent IgG3 and T cell–dependent IgG2b responses. Interestingly, 15- to 22-mo-old M-TRAF3−/− mice spontaneously developed chronic inflammation or tumors, often affecting multiple organs. Taken together, our findings indicate that TRAF3 expressed in myeloid cells regulates immune responses in myeloid cells and acts to inhibit inflammation and tumor development in mice.
Systemic Lentivirus-Mediated Delivery of Short Hairpin RNA Targeting Calcium Release–Activated Calcium Channel 3 as Gene Therapy for Collagen-Induced Arthritis
Authors: Liu Shuang , Kiyoi Takeshi , Takemasa Erika , Maeyama Kazutaka 
Published: November 2014

AbstractImmune cells, including T cells, B cells, and osteoclasts, in conjunction with their associated cytokines, have been studied as primary molecular therapeutic targets for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels through the activation of store-operated Ca2+ release–activated channels (CRACs) is involved in mediating a disparate array of cellular responses by these immune cells. This study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of the regulation of Ca2+ entry in the treatment of RA. To moderately suppress Ca2+ entry via CRACs, we gene silenced CRACM3, which was induced by systemic application of specific short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) using a lentiviral-delivery system, in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The inflammatory responses were determined by measuring the levels of a panel of cytokines and chemokines in the joints and serum. Ag-specific responses were evaluated by determining the cytokine profile of T cells stimulated with autoantigen. We also analyzed the ability of specific CRACM3-shRNA to regulate mature osteoclast function in CIA mice. The therapeutic effect of lentiviral-delivered CRACM3-shRNA was associated with gene silencing of CRACM3, along with the successful biodistribution of the virus. Extracellular Ca2+ influx in the splenocytes, thymocytes, and knee joint synovial cells was moderately suppressed. Inflammatory responses and autoimmune responses were reduced by CRACM3 gene silencing. A decrease in mature osteoclast activity also was observed in CRACM3-shRNA–treated CIA mice. These results indicate that regulation of Ca2+ entry through lentivirus-mediated CRACM3 gene silencing is beneficial in the treatment of RA.
Cornea-Infiltrating and Lymph Node Dendritic Cells Contribute to CD4+ T Cell Expansion after Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Ocular Infection
Authors: Buela Kristine-Ann G. , Hendricks Robert L. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
After HSV type 1 corneal infection, CD4+ T cells are expanded in the draining lymph nodes (DLNs) and restimulated in the infected cornea to regulate the destructive inflammatory disease herpes stromal keratitis (HSK). The contribution of cornea resident, cornea-infiltrating, and DLN resident dendritic cells (DC) to CD4+ T cell expansion in DLNs and restimulation in corneas is unknown. Cornea resident and cornea-infiltrating DCs were selectively depleted by timed local (subconjunctival) injection of diphtheria toxin (DT) into mice that express high-affinity DT receptors from the CD11c promoter. Corneal and DLN DCs were depleted by systemic (i.p.) DT treatment. We found that: 1) DCs that were resident in the cornea and DLNs at the time of infection or that migrate into the tissues during the first 24 h postinfection were not required for CD4+ T cell expansion; 2) DCs that infiltrated the cornea &gt;24 h postinfection were responsible for most of the CD4+ T cell expansion measured in the DLNs at 3 and 7 d postinfection (dpi); 3) non–cornea-derived DCs that infiltrate the DLNs &gt;24 h postinfection made a modest contribution to CD4+ T cell expansion at 3 dpi but did not contribute at 7 dpi; and 4) surprisingly, HSK development between 7 and 21 dpi did not require corneal DCs. DC-independent HSK development appears to reflect close interactions of CD4+ T cells with MHC class II+ corneal epithelial cells and macrophages in infected DC-depleted corneas.
Influence of surface tension on two fluids shearing instability
Authors: Banerjee Rahul , Kanjilal S. 
Published: November 2014

Using extended Layzer's potential flow model, we investigate the effects of surface tension on the growth of the bubble and spike in combined Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The nonlinear asymptotic solutions are obtained analytically for the velocity and curvature of the bubble and spike tip. We find that the surface tension decreases the velocity but does not affect the curvature, provided surface tension is greater than a critical value. For a certain condition, we observe that surface tension stabilizes the motion. Any perturbation, whatever its magnitude, results stable with nonlinear oscillations. The nonlinear oscillations depend on surface tension and relative velocity shear of the two fluids. Received: 20 March 2014, Accepted: 7 August 2014; Edited by: A. Marti; DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060006Cite as: R Banerjee, S Kanjilal, Papers in Physics 6, 060006 (2014)
Notes on Prayerful Rhetoric with Divinities
Authors: Mailloux Steven 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article explores some rhetorical paths of thinking about prayer in relation to traditional humanism and its alternatives. It seeks to develop a Heideggerian rhetorical hermeneutics in relation to a nonpersonal, extrahuman model of communication between the human and the divine. Eventually, the article pivots away from God as the addressee of prayerful rhetoric and focuses instead on angels as the name for the finite, contingent conditions in which the rhetoric of prayer takes place.
Parmenides, Ontological Enaction, and the Prehistory of Rhetoric
Authors: Rickert Thomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Presocratic thinker Parmenides is portrayed in philosophy and rhetoric as a philosopher of static monism anticipating reason's triumph over myth. Such a portrayal is narrow and ill fits the evidence. Parmenides was associated with a cult of priest-healers (iatromantis) of Apollo who practiced incubation, usually in caves, in order to receive wisdom and truth. Parmenides's famous poem “On Being” (“Peri Phuseōs”) reflects these practices. The poem directly invokes altered states of consciousness, revelations from the gods, and an underworld descent (katabasis). Further, the poem is of strong rhetorical interest because it directly discusses rhetorical themes of persuasion, truth, and knowledge. Additionally, the poem suggests that rationality alone cannot suffice to liberate human beings from worldly illusions; rather, reason must be accompanied by a combination of divine inspiration and mêtis (cunning wisdom).
Autozoography: Notes Toward a Rhetoricity of the Living
Authors: Davis Diane 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In philosophy and rhetorical studies, self-knowledge inscribes the absolutely indivisible line that separates “the human” from “the animal.” Autodeixis, the self-reflexive power of the I, is the condition both for language acquisition and for reason; it names an exceptional sort of auto–affection in which a being demonstrates the capacity to step back from itself enough to recognize itself and so to refer to itself as itself. What I propose in this article, however, is that autodeixis involves not a specifically human power to disclose an ontological as such (as Heidegger wanted) but the extrahuman operations of an allegorical as if. The presumption of self-knowledge is not an innate quality of “the human” but the already relational condition for any living being that must repeat itself to be itself. A kind of preoriginary rhetoricity, I argue, is the very condition for the singularity and functioning of any living being.
Measuring adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children and adolescents in western Kenya
Authors: Vreeman Rachel C , Nyandiko Winstone M , Liu Hai , Tu Wanzhu , Scanlon Michael L , Slaven James E , Ayaya Samuel O , Inui Thomas S 
Published: November 2014

IntroductionHigh levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) are central to HIV management. The objective of this study was to compare multiple measures of adherence and investigate factors associated with adherence among HIV‐infected children in western Kenya.MethodsWe evaluated ART adherence prospectively for six months among HIV‐infected children aged ≤14 years attending a large outpatient HIV clinic in Kenya. Adherence was reported using caregiver report, plasma drug concentrations and Medication Event Monitoring Systems (MEMS®). Kappa statistics were used to compare adherence estimates with MEMS®. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between child, caregiver and household characteristics with dichotomized adherence (MEMS® adherence ≥90% vs. <90%) and MEMS® treatment interruptions of ≥48 hours. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.ResultsAmong 191 children, mean age at baseline was 8.2 years and 55% were female. Median adherence by MEMS® was 96.3% and improved over the course of follow‐up (p<0.01), although 49.5% of children had at least one MEMS® treatment interruption of ≥48 hours. Adherence estimates were highest by caregiver report, and there was poor agreement between MEMS® and other adherence measures (Kappa statistics 0.04–0.37). In multivariable logistic regression, only caregiver‐reported missed doses in the past 30 days (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.14–1.39), late doses in the past seven days (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.22) and caregiver‐reported problems with getting the child to take ART (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.20) were significantly associated with dichotomized MEMS® adherence. The caregivers reporting that ART made the child sick (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.25) and reporting difficulties in the community that made giving ART more difficult (e.g. stigma) (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.27) were significantly associated with MEMS® treatment interruptions in multivariable logistic regression.ConclusionsNon‐adherence in the form of missed and late doses, treatment interruptions of more than 48 hours and sub‐therapeutic drug levels were common in this cohort. Adherence varied significantly by adherence measure, suggesting that additional validation of adherence measures is needed. Few factors were consistently associated with non‐adherence or treatment interruptions.
Connexin26 hemichannels with a mutation that causes KID syndrome in humans lack sensitivity to CO2
Authors: Meigh Louise , Hussain Naveed , Mulkey Daniel K , Dale Nicholas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMutations in connexin26 (Cx26) underlie a range of serious human pathologies. Previously we have shown that Cx26 hemichannels are directly opened by CO2 (Meigh et al., 2013). However the effects of human disease-causing mutations on the CO2 sensitivity of Cx26 are entirely unknown. Here, we report the first connection between the CO2 sensitivity of Cx26 and human pathology, by demonstrating that Cx26 hemichannels with the mutation A88V, linked to Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness syndrome, are both CO2 insensitive and associated with disordered breathing in humans.
Is Median Nerve Enlargement at the Wrist Associated With Tremor in Parkinson Disease?
Authors: Yang Seung Nam , Kang Hyo Jeong , Yoon Joon Shik , Won Sun Jae , Seo Woo-Keun , Koh Seong Beom 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTremor is one of the cardinal features of Parkinson disease (PD) and may cause cumulative trauma‐related injury to nerves of the hands. The aim of this study was to assess the electrodiagnostic and sonographic features of patients with PD and to assess the effect of tremor in PD on the median nerve.MethodsWe studied 31 hands of healthy control participants (n = 16; mean age ± SD, 60.25 ± 14.67 years) and 81 hands of patients with PD (n = 42; 64.95 ± 11.13 years). Motor symptoms were measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III. Median nerve conduction studies and sonographic cross‐sectional area measurements were performed in all participants.ResultsThe median nerve cross‐sectional area in patients with PD (10.71 ± 2.79 mm2) was significantly larger than that in the control group (7.40 ± 1.05 mm2; P < .05). However, there was no significant difference in median nerve electrodiagnostic findings between the PD and control groups. The median nerve cross‐sectional area was associated with the severity of the tremor but not with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score.ConclusionsTremor in PD is associated with median nerve enlargement but not with impairment of median nerve conduction.
Sonographic Assessment of Healthy Peripheral Joints
Authors: Machado Flavia S. , Natour Jamil , Takahashi Rogerio D. , de Buosi Ana Leticia P. , Furtado Rita N. V. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo describe quantitative and semiquantitative sonographic joint measurements in healthy adults and compare them with demographic parameters.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted. Bilateral sonographic measurements of small, medium, and large joints were performed in 130 healthy volunteers, stratified into 5 age groups (A, 18–29; B, 30–39; C, 40–49; D, 50–59; and E, 60–80 years). Quantitative synovial hypertrophy measurements and semiquantitative synovial hypertrophy, power Doppler, bone erosion (score 0–3), and articular cartilage (score 0–4) measurements were performed by a blinded radiologist using a 6–18‐MHz linear array transducer. The sonographic measurements were correlated with demographic parameters. The significant P value was set at .05.ResultsA total of 6500 joint recesses were studied; the mean age ± SD of the participants was 44.8 ± 14.6 years, and 76.9% were women. The highest quantitative synovial hypertrophy values were found in the hip (6.4 mm) and talonavicular joint (2.6 mm). The joint recesses with a greater frequency of hypothetical pathologic semiquantitative scores were second metatarsophalangeal (78.8%) and first metatarsophalangeal (69.3%) for synovial hypertrophy, radiocarpal (17.7%) and first metatarsophalangeal (15.8%) for power Doppler, and posterior glenohumeral (23.1%) and ulnocarpal (4.2%) for bone erosion. The highest quantitative synovial hypertrophy values and the lowest semiquantitative synovial hypertrophy, power Doppler, bone erosion, and articular cartilage scores were observed in age group E (P < .046). There were positive correlations between the sonographic measurements and height, age, weight, and body mass index in 30.4%, 34.8%, 43.5%, and 47.8%, respectively, of all the joint recesses studied.ConclusionsSonographic changes in healthy peripheral joints were observed predominantly in the oldest group.
Sonographic Findings of Hepatobiliary Fascioliasis Accompanied by Extrahepatic Expansion and Ectopic Lesions
Authors: Teke Memik , Önder Hakan , Çiçek Mutalip , Hamidi Cihad , Göya Cemil , Çetinçakmak Mehmet Güli , Hattapoğlu Salih , Ülger Burak Veli 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to describe the sonographic findings of hepatobiliary fascioliasis with extrahepatic expansion and ectopic lesions.MethodsThe study included 45 patients with fascioliasis. All diagnoses were confirmed via serologic enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Sonographic findings in the hepatobiliary system, extrahepatic expansion, and ectopic lesions were defined.ResultsThe most common hepatic lesions were subcapsular localized, small, confluent, multiple hypoechoic nodules with poorly defined borders. We also detected ectopic lesion in 5 patients (11.1%) and live parasites in the gallbladder and bile duct in 11 (24.4%).ConclusionsThe large spectrum of entities in the differential diagnosis of hepatobiliary fascioliasis may lead to misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment. However, the diagnosis can be made when the characteristic sonographic features are seen, such as heterogeneity of the liver with multiple poorly defined hypoechoic‐isoechoic lesions and multiple echogenic nonshadowing particles in the gallbladder or common bile ducts. Nonetheless, the differential diagnosis of fascioliasis versus other hepatic lesions may still be difficult. In these situations, pathologic confirmation should be performed to exclude the possibility of malignancy.
Early Evaluation of Carotid Elasticity by an Instantaneous Wave Intensity Technique in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Liu Chun-li , Wang Cheng-zeng , Wang Yan , Zhang Lian-zhong , Liu Lin , Bian Xiao-lin 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo explore the application of instantaneous wave intensity for early diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)‐induced atherosclerosis, we observed carotid elasticity by instantaneous wave intensity in premenopausal women with SLE.MethodsThe study included 3 groups (each group with 30 participants): SLE1 (course of disease <5 years), SLE2 (course of disease ≥5 years) and healthy control. Carotid parameters, including instantaneous acceleration wave intensity, instantaneous deceleration wave intensity, negative area, stiffness constant, wave intensity pulse wave velocity, stiffness constant pulse wave velocity, pressure strain elastic modulus, arterial compliance, augmentation index, and intima‐media thickness, were measured.ResultsCompared with the control group, the instantaneous deceleration wave intensity, stiffness constant, pressure strain elastic modulus, wave intensity pulse wave velocity, and stiffness constant pulse wave velocity were significantly increased but the arterial compliance was significantly decreased in the SLE1 and SLE2 groups (all P ≤ .01). The instantaneous acceleration wave intensity, augmentation index, and negative area tended to increase in all 3 groups, but there were no statistical differences among the groups. The instantaneous deceleration wave intensity, stiffness constant, pressure strain elastic modulus, wave intensity pulse wave velocity, and stiffness constant pulse wave velocity were significantly higher in the SLE2 group than the SLE1 group, but the arterial compliance was significantly lower in the SLE2 group than the SLE1 group (all P ≤ .01).ConclusionsInstantaneous wave intensity can be used to evaluate carotid elasticity in the patients with SLE, which is important for early prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Increasing Maternal Body Mass Index and the Accuracy of Sonographic Estimation of Fetal Weight Near Delivery
Authors: Kritzer Sara , Magner Kristin , Warshak Carri R. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether an increasing body mass index (BMI) influences the accuracy of sonographic estimation of fetal weight.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of singleton deliveries over a 2‐year period in a single institution. Patients were included if they had a fetal weight estimation within 2 weeks of delivery. The Δ estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated by subtracting the sonographic EFW from the birth weight and compared among our study groups, which were based on the maternal BMI class. We also compared the absolute percentage error of estimation, rate of substantial error greater than 20%, rate of underestimation, and ability to predict fetal weight greater than 4000 g. Post hoc power analysis determined that our study group of 1200 patients allowed for an α of .05 and β of .90.ResultsWe included 1177 women in our analysis. The median ΔEFW varied between study groups: 137, 202, 157, 200, and 189 g, respectively, in normal‐weight, overweight, and obese classes 1, 2, and 3 (P = .01). The median percentage error of estimation between study groups varied between 5.0% in normal‐weight women and 7.1% in class 2 obese women (P= .05). The rate of substantial error was similar between study groups and varied between 2.7% in class 1 obese women and 4.3% in normal‐weight and class 2 obese women. Linear regression analysis showed a weak association between maternal BMI and ΔEFW (R2 = 0.005; r = 0.069).ConclusionsThe absolute ΔEFW was lower in normal‐weight women; however, the percentage error of the EFW was similar between women of varying BMI classifications, as was the rate of substantial error and the rate of underestimation of the EFW.
Accuracy of Sonographic Chorionicity Classification in Twin Gestations
Authors: Blumenfeld Yair J. , Momirova Valerija , Rouse Dwight J. , Caritis Steve N. , Sciscione Anthony , Peaceman Alan M. , Reddy Uma M. , Varner Michael W. , Malone Fergal D. , Iams Jay D. , Mercer Brian M. , Thorp John M. , Sorokin Yoram , Carpenter Marshall W. , Lo Julie , Ramin Susan M. , Harper Margaret ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of sonographic classification of chorionicity in a large cohort of twins and investigate which factors may be associated with sonographic accuracy.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of preterm birth prevention in twins. Sonographic classification of chorionicity was compared with pathologic examination of the placenta. Maternal (age, body mass index, diabetes, and hypertension), obstetric (prior cesarean delivery, gestational age at the first sonographic examination, and antepartum bleeding), and sonographic (oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, and twin‐twin transfusion syndrome) factors were assessed for their possible association with accuracy.ResultsA total of 545 twin sets in which chorionicity was classified by sonography before 20 weeks' gestation were included; 455 were dichorionic and 90 were monochorionic based on pathologic examination. Sonography misclassified 35 of 545 twin pregnancies (6.4%): 18 of 455 dichorionic twins (4.0%) and 17 of 90 monochorionic twins (19.0%). The sensitivity and specificity of sonographic diagnosis of monochorionicity were 81.1% and 96.0%, respectively. In a multivariable analysis, pregnancies with initial sonographic examinations before 14 weeks' gestation were less likely to have misclassified chorionicity than those with sonographic examinations at 15 to 20 weeks (odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23–0.96). For each week increase in gestational age, the odds of misclassification rose by 10% (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01–1.2). In the multivariable analysis, maternal age, body mass index, parity, and prior cesarean delivery were not associated with sonographic accuracy.ConclusionsSonography before 20 weeks incorrectly classified chorionicity in 6.4% of twin gestations. Those with first sonographic examinations performed at earlier gestational ages had improved chorionicity diagnosis.