bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional quality of the school‐day diet in Irish children (5–12 years)
Authors: Walton J. , Hannon E. M. , Flynn A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe European Commission has identified schools as a priority setting for health promotion, including nutrition education and intervention. The present study examined the school‐day diet of Irish primary‐school children with the aim of identifying opportunities for dietary improvement.MethodsData from The National Children's Food Survey (2003–2004) were used to establish a dataset of school‐days. Dietary intake data were collected from 594 children (5–12 years) using a 7‐day weighed food‐record. The nutritional quality of the diet was examined for the total school‐day and for food eaten ‘before school’, ‘at school’ and ‘after school’.ResultsExamination of dietary intake on school‐days has highlighted nutritional imbalances for intakes of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, sodium and dietary fibre (DF). Mean energy (E) intake for the overall school‐day was 7.1 MJ, with 16% of energy provided from food eaten ‘before school’, 33%E from food eaten ‘at school’ and 53% of energy from food eaten ‘after school’. Relative to the overall school‐day, food eaten ‘before school’ was lower in saturated fat and sodium, and higher in DF and many micronutrients. Food eaten ‘at school’ was relatively high in added sugars and sodium; lower in DF and micronutrients; and similar in saturated fat compared to the overall school‐day. Food eaten ‘after school’ was relatively high in DF and vitamin A; similar in saturated fat, magnesium and sodium; and lower in added sugars and other micronutrients compared to the overall school‐day.ConclusionsTo improve the overall nutritional quality of the school‐day diet, food eaten at school should be targeted.
Nutrition in early life and the programming of adult disease: a review
Authors: Langley‐Evans S. C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFoetal development and infancy are life stages that are characterised by rapid growth, development and maturation of organs and systems. Variation in the quality or quantity of nutrients consumed by mothers during pregnancy, or infants during the first year of life, can exert permanent and powerful effects upon developing tissues. These effects are termed ‘programming’ and represent an important risk factor for noncommunicable diseases of adulthood, including the metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease. This narrative review provides an overview of the evidence‐base showing that indicators of nutritional deficit in pregnancy are associated with a greater risk of type‐2 diabetes and cardiovascular mortality. There is also a limited evidence‐base that suggests some relationship between breastfeeding and the timing and type of foods used in weaning, and disease in later life. Many of the associations reported between indicators of early growth and adult disease appear to interact with specific genotypes. This supports the idea that programming is one of several cumulative influences upon health and disease acting across the lifespan. Experimental studies have provided important clues to the mechanisms that link nutritional challenges in early life to disease in adulthood. It is suggested that nutritional programming is a product of the altered expression of genes that regulate the cell cycle, resulting in effective remodelling of tissue structure and functionality. The observation that traits programmed by nutritional exposures in foetal life can be transmitted to further generations adds weight the argument that heritable epigenetic modifications play a critical role in nutritional programming.
High frequency of PTEN mutations in nevi and melanomas from xeroderma pigmentosum patients
Authors: Masaki Taro , Wang Yun , DiGiovanna John J. , Khan Sikandar G. , Raffeld Mark , Beltaifa Senda , Hornyak Thomas J. , Darling Thomas N. , Lee Chyi‐Chia R. , Kraemer Kenneth H. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryWe examined nevi and melanomas in 10 xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients with defective DNA repair. The lesions had a lentiginous appearance with markedly increased numbers of melanocytes. Using laser capture microdissection, we performed DNA sequencing of 18 benign and atypical nevi and 75 melanomas (melanoma in situ and invasive melanomas). The nevi had a similar high frequency of PTEN mutations as melanomas [61% (11/18) versus 53% (39/73)]. Both had a very high proportion of UV‐type mutations (occurring at adjacent pyrimidines) [91% (10/11) versus 92% (36/39)]. In contrast to melanomas in the general population, the frequency of BRAF mutations (11%, 7/61), NRAS mutations (21%, 13/62), and KIT mutations (21%, 6/28) in XP melanomas was lower than for PTEN. Phospho‐S6 immunostaining indicated activation of the mTOR pathway in the atypical nevi and melanomas. Thus, the clinical and histological appearances and the molecular pathology of these UV‐related XP nevi and melanomas were different from nevi and melanomas in the general population.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: prevalence of alcohol use among young people in eastern Africa
Authors: Francis Joel M. , Grosskurth Heiner , Changalucha John , Kapiga Saidi H. , Weiss Helen A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveSystematic review and meta‐analysis of published studies of alcohol use among young people (age 15–24 years) in eastern Africa to estimate prevalence of alcohol use and determine the extent of use of standardised screening questionnaires in alcohol studies.MethodsFive databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Africa‐wide, and PsycINFO) were searched for publications until 30th June 2013. Results were summarised using the guidelines on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) and on quality assessment using the modified quality assessment tool for systematic reviews of observational studies (QATSO). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic (DerSimonian‐Laird).ResultsWe identified 2785 potentially relevant studies, of which 56 were eligible for inclusion. Only two studies (4%) used the standardised Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire, and six studies (13%) used the Cut down, Annoyed, Guilt, Eye opener (CAGE) questionnaire. The reported median prevalence of alcohol use was ever‐use 52% [interquartile range (IQR): 20–58%], use in the last month 28% (IQR: 17–37%), use in the last year 26% (IQR: 22–32%), and problem drinking as defined by CAGE or AUDIT 15% (IQR: 3–36%). We observed high heterogeneity between studies, with the highest prevalence of ever use of alcohol among university students (82%; 95%CI: 79–85%) and female sex workers (66%; 95%CI: 58–74%). Current use was most prevalent among male sex workers (69%; 95%CI: 63–75%).ConclusionsReported alcohol use and problem drinking were common among diverse groups of young people in eastern Africa, indicating the urgent need for alcohol‐focused interventions in this population. Few studies have used standardised alcohol screening questionnaires. Epidemiological research to investigate alcohol‐focused interventions in young people should aim to apply such questionnaires that should be validated for use in this population.
An integrated analysis of plant and bacterial gene expression in symbiotic root nodules using laser‐capture microdissection coupled to RNA sequencing
Authors: Roux Brice , Rodde Nathalie , Jardinaud Marie‐Françoise , Timmers Ton , Sauviac Laurent , Cottret Ludovic , Carrère Sébastien , Sallet Erika , Courcelle Emmanuel , Moreau Sandra , Debellé Frédéric , Capela Delphine , de Carvalho‐Niebel Fernanda , Gouzy Jérôme , Bruand Claude , Gamas Pascal 
Published: January 2014

SummaryRhizobium‐induced root nodules are specialized organs for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Indeterminate‐type nodules are formed from an apical meristem and exhibit a spatial zonation which corresponds to successive developmental stages. To get a dynamic and integrated view of plant and bacterial gene expression associated with nodule development, we used a sensitive and comprehensive approach based upon oriented high‐depth RNA sequencing coupled to laser microdissection of nodule regions. This study, focused on the association between the model legume Medicago truncatula and its symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti, led to the production of 942 million sequencing read pairs that were unambiguously mapped on plant and bacterial genomes. Bioinformatic and statistical analyses enabled in‐depth comparison, at a whole‐genome level, of gene expression in specific nodule zones. Previously characterized symbiotic genes displayed the expected spatial pattern of expression, thus validating the robustness of our approach. We illustrate the use of this resource by examining gene expression associated with three essential elements of nodule development, namely meristem activity, cell differentiation and selected signaling processes related to bacterial Nod factors and redox status. We found that transcription factor genes essential for the control of the root apical meristem were also expressed in the nodule meristem, while the plant mRNAs most enriched in nodules compared with roots were mostly associated with zones comprising both plant and bacterial partners. The data, accessible on a dedicated website, represent a rich resource for microbiologists and plant biologists to address a variety of questions of both fundamental and applied interest.
Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy for Anxious Children: From Evidence to Practice
Authors: Sawyer Monique C. , Nunez Diane E. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnxiety is the most common mental health problem in children, yet less than one third of children with anxiety disorders seek treatment. Cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) is recommended as a first‐line treatment for childhood anxiety. However, current practice generally does not include CBT due to issues of feasibility, affordability, and transportability.AimsThe primary purpose of this review was to appraise current literature regarding the effectiveness of individual CBT for childhood anxiety. Secondary purposes were to identify reasons for the discrepancy between current evidence and practice as well as to offer suggestions to overcome this dilemma.MethodsA systematic review of the literature published between 2007 and 2012 was conducted, searching four databases—Cochrane, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO.FindingsIn all 10 studies reviewed, individual CBT significantly reduced rates of anxiety diagnoses when compared with controls, and was equally effective or superior to comparison therapies. The only exception was when CBT was compared to a combination of CBT and pharmacological management, in which case the latter was more effective.Linking Evidence to ActionEach study included in this review employed hour‐long sessions over a minimum of 12 visits. In order to meet clinical demands and patient preferences, affordability, and feasibility of CBT interventions must be addressed. A brief, manualized CBT program that can be supported to be clinically effective is proposed as an evidence‐based solution for anxious children in outpatient mental health and primary care settings.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudoalteromonas
sp. Strain NW 4327 (MTCC 11073, DSM 25418), a Pathogen of the Great Barrier Reef Sponge
Rhopaloeides odorabile
Authors: Choudhury Jayanta D. , Pramanik Arnab , Webster Nicole S. , Llewellyn Lyndon E. , Gachhui Ratan , Mukherjee Joydeep 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

To date, only one marine sponge pathogen (
Pseudoalteromonas
sp. strain NW 4327) has fulfilled Koch's postulates. We report the 4.48-Mbp draft genome sequence of this strain, which is pathogenic to the Great Barrier Reef sponge
Rhopaloeides odorabile
. The sequence provides valuable information on sponge-pathogen interactions, including the mode of transmission and associated virulence factors.
Trypanosoma cruzi Clone Dm28c Draft Genome Sequence
Authors: Grisard Edmundo Carlos , Teixeira Santuza Maria Ribeiro , de Almeida Luiz Gonzaga Paula , Stoco Patricia Hermes , Gerber Alexandra Lehmkuhl , Talavera-López Carlos , Lima Oberdan Cunha , Andersson Björn , de Vasconcelos Ana Tereza R. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Trypanosoma cruzi
affects millions of people worldwide. Clinical variability of Chagas disease can be due to the genetic variability of this parasite, requiring further genome studies. Here we report the genome sequence of the
T. cruzi
Dm28c clone (TcI), a strain related to the sylvatic cycle of the parasite.
Draft Genome Sequence of Gordonia alkanivorans Strain CGMCC6845, a Halotolerant Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Jin Decai , Zhou Lisha , Wu Liang , An Wei , Zhao Lin 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Gordonia alkanivorans
strain CGMCC6845 is a halotolerant hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from petroleum-contaminated saline soil. Here we present the 5.0-Mb draft genome sequence of this strain, which will improve our understanding of the diversity of
G. alkanivorans
and the mechanisms of microbial hydrocarbon degradation in saline environment.
Effect of Perioperative Electroacupuncture as An Adjunctive Therapy on Postoperative Analgesia with Tramadol and Ketamine in Prostatectomy: A Randomised Sham-Controlled Single-Blind Trial
Authors: Ntritsou Vagia , Mavrommatis Christos , Kostoglou Christos , Dimitriadis Georgios , Tziris Nikolaos , Zagka Poulcheria , Vasilakos Dimitrios 
Published: January 2014

Objectives To study the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) as perioperative adjunctive therapy added to a systemic analgesic strategy (including tramadol and ketamine) for postoperative pain, opioid-related side effects and patient satisfaction. Methods In a sham-controlled participant- and observer-blinded trial, 75 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) EA (n=37; tramadol+ketamine+EA) and (2) control (n=38; tramadol+ketamine). EA (100 Hz frequency) was applied at LI4 bilaterally during the closure of the abdominal walls and EA (4 Hz) was applied at ST36 and LI4 bilaterally immediately after extubation. The control group had sham acupuncture without penetration or stimulation. The following outcomes were evaluated: postoperative pain using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and McGill Scale (SF_MPQ), mechanical pain thresholds using algometer application close to the wound, cortisol measurements, rescue analgesia, Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI Y-6 item), patient satisfaction and opioid side effects. Results Pain scores on the NRS and SF_MPQ were significantly lower and electronic pressure algometer measurements were significantly higher in the EA group than in the control group (p<0.001) at all assessments. In the EA group a significant decrease in rescue analgesia was observed at 45 min (p<0.001) and a significant decrease in cortisol levels was also observed (p<0.05). Patients expressed satisfaction with the analgesia, especially in the EA group (p<0.01). Significant delays in the start of bowel movements were observed in the control group at 45 min (p<0.001) and 2 h (p<0.05). Conclusions Adding EA perioperatively should be considered an option as part of a multimodal analgesic strategy.
Quantitative analysis of high-resolution, contrast-enhanced, cone-beam CT for the detection of intracranial in-stent hyperplasia
Authors: Flood Thomas F , van der Bom Imramsjah M J , Strittmatter Lara , Puri Ajit S , Hendricks Gregory M , Wakhloo Ajay K , Gounis Matthew J 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundIntracranial in-stent hyperplasia is a stroke-associated complication that requires routine surveillance.ObjectiveTo compare the results of in vivo experiments to determine the accuracy and precision of in-stent hyperplasia measurements obtained with modified C-arm contrast-enhanced, cone-beam CT (CE-CBCT) imaging with those obtained by ‘gold standard’ histomorphometry. Additionally, to carry out clinical analyses comparing this CE-CBCT protocol with digital subtraction angiography (DSA).MethodsA non-binned CE-CBCT protocol (VasoCT) was used that acquires x-ray images with a small field-of-view and applies a full-scale reconstruction algorithm providing high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging with 100 µm isotropic voxels. In an vivo porcine model, VasoCT cross-sectional area measurements were compared with gold standard vessel histology. VasoCT and DSA were used to calculate in-stent stenosis in 23 imaging studies.ResultsPorcine VasoCT cross-sectional stent, lumen, and in-stent hyperplasia areas strongly correlated with histological measurements (r2=0.97, 0.93, 0.90; slope=1.14, 1.07, and 0.76, respectively; p<0.0001). Clinical VasoCT percentage stenosis correlated well with DSA percentage stenosis (r2=0.84; slope=0.76), and the two techniques were free of consistent bias (Bland–Altman, bias=3.29%; 95% CI −14.75% to 21.33%). An illustrative clinical case demonstrated the advantages of VasoCT, including 3D capability and non-invasive IV contrast administration, for detection of in-stent hyperplasia.ConclusionsC-arm VasoCT is a high-resolution 3D capable imaging technique that has been validated in an animal model for measurement of in-stent tissue growth. Successful clinical implementation of the protocol was performed in a small case series.
Effect of a Novel Video Game on Stroke Knowledge of 9- to 10-Year-Old, Low-Income Children
Authors: Williams Olajide , Hecht Mindy F. , DeSorbo Alexandra L. , Huq Saima , Noble James M. 
Published: January 2014

Background and Purpose—
Improving actionable stroke knowledge of a witness or bystander, which in some cases are children, may improve response to an acute stroke event.

Methods—
We used a quasiexperimental pre-test post-test design to evaluate actionable stroke knowledge of 210 children aged 9 to 10 years in response to a single, 15-minute exposure to a stroke education video game conducted in the school computer laboratory. After immediate post-test, we provided remote password-protected online video game access and encouraged children to play at their leisure from home. An unannounced delayed post-test occurred 7 weeks later.

Results—

Two hundred ten children completed pretest, 205 completed immediate post-test, whereas 198 completed delayed post-test. One hundred fifty-six (74%) children had Internet access at home, and 41 (26%), mostly girls, played the video game remotely. There was significant improvement in stroke symptom composite scores, calling 911, and all individual stroke knowledge items, including a distractor across the testing sequence (
P
<0.05). Children who played the video game remotely demonstrated significant improvement in knowledge of 1 symptom (sudden imbalance) compared with children who did not (
P
<0.05), although overall composite scores showed no difference.

Conclusions—
Stroke education video games may represent novel means for improving and sustaining actionable stroke knowledge of children.
Simulations of the Present and Late-Twenty-First-Century Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity Using a Regional Model
Authors: Wu Liang , Chou Chia , Chen Cheng-Ta , Huang Ronghui , Knutson Thomas R. , Sirutis Joseph J. , Garner Stephen T. , Kerr Christopher , Lee Chia-Jung , Feng Ya-Chien 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A high-resolution regional atmospheric model is used to simulate present-day western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) activity and to investigate the projected changes for the late twenty-first century. Compared to observations, the model can realistically simulate many basic features of the WNP TC activity climatology, such as the TC genesis location, track, and lifetime. A number of spatial and temporal features of observed TC interannual variability are captured, although observed variations in basinwide TC number are not. A relatively well-simulated feature is the contrast of years when the Asian summer monsoon trough extends eastward (retreats westward), more (fewer) TCs form within the southeastern quadrant of the WNP, and the corresponding TC activity is above (below) normal over most parts of the WNP east of 125°E. Future projections with the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) A1B scenario show a weak tendency for decreases in the number of WNP TCs, and for increases in the more intense TCs; these simulated changes are significant at the 80% level. The present-day simulation of intensity is limited to storms of intensity less than about 55 m s−1. There is also a weak (80% significance level) tendency for projected WNP TC activity to shift poleward under global warming. A regional-scale feature is a projected increase of the TC activity north of Taiwan, which would imply an increase in TCs making landfall in north China, the Korean Peninsula, and parts of Japan. However, given the weak statistical significance found for the simulated changes, an assessment of the robustness of such regional-scale projections will require further study.
Simulated Global Swell and Wind-Sea Climate and Their Responses to Anthropogenic Climate Change at the End of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Fan Yalin , Lin Shian-Jiann , Griffies Stephen M. , Hemer Mark A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The seasonal structure of the wind sea and swell is analyzed from the existing 29-yr surface gravity wave climatology produced using a coupled atmosphere–wave model. The swell energy fraction analysis shows that swell dominates most of the World Ocean basins for all four seasons, and the Southern Ocean swells dominate swell in the global ocean. The swells are loosely correlated with the surface wind in the midlatitude storm region in both hemispheres, while their energy distribution and propagation direction do not show any relation with local winds and vary significantly with season because of nonlinear interactions. The same coupled system is then used to investigate the projected future change in wind-sea and swell climate through a time-slice simulation. Forcing of the coupled model was obtained by perturbing the model sea surface temperatures and sea ice with anomalies generated by representative Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) coupled models that use the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) A1B scenario late in the twenty-first century. Robust responses found in the wind seas are associated with modified climate indices. A dipole pattern in the North Atlantic during the boreal winter is associated with more frequent occurrence of the positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phases under global warming, and the wind-sea energy increase in the Southern Ocean is associated with the continuous shift of the southern annular mode (SAM) toward its positive phase. Swell responses are less robust because of nonlinearity. The only consistent response in swells is the strong energy increase in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean during the austral winter and autumn.