bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asporin and the Mineralization Process in Fluoride-Treated Rats
Authors: Houari Sophia , Wurtz Tilmann , Ferbus Didier , Chateau Danielle , Dessombz Arnaud , Berdal Ariane , Babajko Sylvie 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Microarray analysis of odontoblastic cells treated with sodium fluoride has identified the asporin gene as a fluoride target. Asporin is a member of the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan/protein (SLRP) family that is believed to be important in the mineralization process. In this study, asporin expression and distribution were investigated by systematic analysis of dentin and enamel, with and without fluoride treatment. Specific attention was focused on a major difference between the two mineralized tissues: the presence of a collagenous scaffold in dentin, and its absence in enamel. Normal and fluorotic, continually growing incisors from Wistar rats treated with 2.5 to 7.5 mM sodium fluoride (NaF) were studied by immunochemistry, in situ hybridization, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR. Asporin was continuously expressed in odontoblasts throughout dentin formation as expected. Asporin was also found, for the first time, in dental epithelial cells, particularly in maturation-stage ameloblasts. NaF decreased asporin expression in odontoblasts and enhanced it in ameloblasts, both in vivo and in vitro. The inverse response in the two cell types suggests that the effector, fluoride, is a trigger that elicits a cell-type-specific reaction. Confocal and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry evidenced an association between asporin and type 1 collagen in the pericellular nonmineralized compartments of both bone and dentin. In addition, transmission electron microscopy revealed asporin in the microenvironment of all cells observed. Thus, asporin is produced by collagen-matrix-forming and non-collagen-matrix-forming cells but may have different effects on the mineralization process. A model is proposed that predicts impaired mineral formation associated with the deficiency and excess of asporin. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Charge Density Analysis and Bond Characterization of 3d‐Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Wang Yu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChemical bond, which makes molecules from independent atoms, is a very important concept in understanding the molecular behavior. Bond characterization is therefore becoming ever needed for predicting the physical and chemical properties of the molecule and the material. Combined experimental and molecular orbital calculation studies have been used for such purpose in terms of deformation density distribution, natural bond orbital analysis and the topological analysis on the total electron density. These analyses provide not only the distribution of density accumulation and density depletion, but also the information such as bond order, bond type etc. Atom domain in molecule or compound can be defined uniquely. Therefore the combined quantum mechanical calculation and high resolution X‐ray crystallography studies will be extremely useful for characterizing the chemical bond precisely. Bonding in 3d‐transition metal complexes is a major topic in coordination chemistry. The complexity of the 3dorbital splittings subjected in the ligand field is well known and this makes the bonding characterization more interesting and challenging. Charge density analysis on a series of Cr compounds, which contain a Cr‐L multiple bond, will be presented. Detail characterization of Cr‐nitrido, ‐oxo, ‐imido, ‐carbyne and ‐carbene bonds will be described. Metal squarates of late 3dtransition elements have been investigated systematically. The valence shell charge concentration (VSCC) around metal ion will be demonstrated by the Laplacian topology, which provides the physical basis for the Lewis structure and valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR). The metal‐metal bond is extremely important for metal clusters; the metal‐metal quintuple bond is rare and a detail analysis will be described. Electronic configurations of the 3dmetal ion play important role in coordination chemistry; taking the advantage of the x‐ray absorption spectroscopy available in synchrotron radiation facility, the exact electronic configuration can be monitored. The great recent improvements on both experiment and theory have made the charge density analysis more accessible to even more complicated system, for example, the excited state or the meta‐stable states.
MR venography of the fetal brain using susceptibility weighted imaging
Authors: Neelavalli Jaladhar , Mody Swati , Yeo Lami , Jella Pavan Kumar , Korzeniewski Steven J. , Saleem Sheena , Katkuri Yashwanth , Bahado‐Singh Ray O. , Hassan Sonia S. , Haacke E. Mark , Romero Roberto , Thomason Moriah E. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of performing fetal brain magnetic resonance venography using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI).Materials and MethodsAfter obtaining informed consent, pregnant women in the second and third trimester were imaged using a modified SWI sequence. Fetal SWI acquisition was repeated when fetal or maternal motion was encountered. The median and maximum number of times an SWI sequence was repeated was four and six respectively. All SWI image data were systematically evaluated by a pediatric neuroradiologist for image quality using an ordinal scoring scheme: 1. diagnostic; 2. diagnostic with artifacts; and 3. nondiagnostic. The best score in an individual fetus was used for further statistical analysis. Visibility of venous vasculature was also scored using a dichotomous variable. A subset of SWI data was re‐evaluated by the first and independently by a second pediatric neuroradiologist. Kappa coefficients were computed to assess intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability.ResultsSWI image data from a total of 22 fetuses were analyzed. Median gestational age and interquartile range of the fetuses imaged were 32 (29.9–34.9) weeks. In 68.2% of the cases (n = 15), there was no artifact; 22.7% (n = 5) had minor artifacts and 9.1% (n = 2) of the data was of nondiagnostic quality. Cerebral venous vasculature was visible in 86.4% (n = 19) of the cases. Substantial agreement (Kappa = 0.73; 95% confidence interval 0.44–1.00)) was observed for intra‐rater reliability and moderate agreement (Kappa = 0.48; 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.77) was observed for inter‐rater reliability.ConclusionIt is feasible to perform fetal brain venography in humans using SWI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:949–957. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends in extreme rainfall and temperature indices in the western Thailand
Authors: Sharma Devesh , Babel Mukand Singh 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTTrends in extreme daily temperature and rainfall have been analysed from 1961 to 2002 for the western Thailand (Mae Ping and Mae Klong river basins). Daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature data for 15 stations were analysed to calculate 21 extreme indices. The magnitude of trends was estimated using the linear regression method while its statistical significance was evaluated using the p‐value at 5% significance level and Kendall‐tau test. The result of the analysis depicts significant increase in the annual number of warm days and warm nights, with corresponding significant decreases in the annual number of cool days and cold nights. The warm spell duration indicator presents statistical rising trends. The trends for temperature indices are more consistent in the region compared to precipitation indices. There is insignificant decrease in annual total precipitation for nearly all stations. The maximum number of consecutive dry days (rain less than 1 mm) is increasing. The number of days with rainfall more than 10 and 20 mm has declined over both basins except at Kanchanaburi station. Analysis also reveals that there is less spatial coherent in other extreme indicators, namely, maximum 1‐day and 5‐days rainfall amount and simple daily intensity index.
Metachronous colorectal cancer: A competing risks analysis with consideration for a stratified approach to surveillance colonoscopy
Authors: Battersby Nicholas J. , Coupland Alex , Bouliotis George , Mirza Nazzia , Williams J. Graham 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundThe incidence of metachronous cancer will become an important clinical consideration as the life expectancy of the population increases and as rates of curative resection improve.ObjectiveTo assess the pattern of metachronous cancer development following curative resection of colorectal cancer in an unselected patient population offered postoperative colonoscopic surveillance.MethodProspective clinical follow‐up after curative colorectal cancer resection and surveillance colonoscopy with or without polypectomy in accordance with the national guidelines. Actuarial analysis and competing risk analysis were performed to account for death and recurrence and to stratify for age, gender, stage, and tumor site.ResultsFive hundred thirty‐eight patients with median follow‐up 4 years 2 month (0–16) years. Fifteen patients (3%) developed metachronous cancer, at a median time interval of 90 months from primary resection. Thirteen metachronous cancer patients (87%, 13/15) underwent one to five surveillance colonoscopies: nine patients were asymptomatic at time of diagnosis of metachronous cancer. Competing risks analysis suggests that the adjusted cumulative incidence in males aged 55 is 4% at 10 years compared with 1% in females aged 85 years old.ConclusionsA patient aged under 65 at the time of the primary curative resection carries a 2% 5‐year risk of metachronous cancer, implying that 3 year surveillance colonoscopy is justified. Whereas patients aged over 75 carry less than a 2% 10‐year risk, implying that it is seldom warranted to repeat the colonoscopy more frequently than every 5 years. A stratified approach to the frequency of surveillance colonoscopy requires further consideration. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:445–450. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic factors for medium‐ and long‐term survival of esophageal cancer patients in the Netherlands
Authors: Bus Pauline , Lemmens Valery E. , van Oijen Martijn G. , Creemers Geert‐Jan , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. , van Baal Jantine W. , Siersema Peter D. 
Published: November 2013

Background and ObjectivesMedium‐ and long‐term survival is low in esophageal cancer (EC) patients, which is thought to be due to tumor characteristics. Our aim was to determine both tumor‐ and non‐tumor‐related characteristics affecting survival in these patients.MethodsPatients with primary EC between 1990 and 2008 in the southern part of the Netherlands were identified. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify determinants of survival.ResultsIn total, 703 patients with EC were included for the 1‐year, 551 for the 3‐year and 436 for the 5‐year survival analysis. Poor 1‐year survival was independently associated with chemoradiation (compared to surgery), positive lymph nodes (N1‐stage) and 1 or ≥2 comorbidities. Adenocarcinoma (EAC) compared to squamous cell carcinoma was significantly associated with a better 1‐year survival. Poor 3‐ and 5‐year survival was associated with N1‐stage and chemoradiation. Positive prognostic factors for 3‐ and 5‐year survival were neoadjuvant therapy and female gender.ConclusionBoth tumor‐related (negative lymph nodes and EAC histology) and non‐tumor‐related factors (surgery, neoadjuvant therapy, and female gender) are associated with a better survival of EC. Although it is not clear how histology and gender affect EC survival, knowledge of these factors may be relevant for clinical decision making. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:465–471. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TRASER: Dye cell aspect ratio and parallel vs. sequential pulsing and their relation to energy output
Authors: Gustavsson Morgan , Spanogle Joshua P. , Berganza Leo , Zachary Christopher B. 
Published: November 2013

Background and ObjectiveThis paper examines some characteristics of the newly described TRASER (total reflection amplification of spontaneous emission of radiation) device, particularly with regard to dye cell aspect‐ratio and parallel vs. sequential pulsing, and their relation to energy output. We also examine the association of electrical tension (voltage) over the flash lamps and the pulse train composition with the energy output.Materials and MethodsUsing a TRASER with design and specifications previously described, a variety of standard output measurements were made while varying a single parameter, namely voltage over the flashlamps, pulse train formation, dye cell aspect‐ratio, and utilization of parallel and sequential pulsing.ResultsThere was a linear association of energy output with the electrical tension over the arc lamps. Longer pulse trains resulted in dramatically increased energy output. An increase in dye cell aspect ratio resulted in proportional increases in energy output. Sequential pulsing provided significantly more energy than parallel pulsing at all but the shortest pulse durations.ConclusionThese findings are of critical importance to the understanding and optimization of the output characteristics of a TRASER. These can be utilitzed to provide high fluences, very large spot sizes, and variable pulse widths, all important features that can be manipulated to achieve better clinical outcomes in practice. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:140–143, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atomistic Simulation of the Shape‐Memory Effect in Dry and Water Swollen Poly[(rac‐lactide)‐co‐glycolide] and Copolyester Urethanes Thereof
Authors: Ghobadi Ehsan , Heuchel Matthias , Kratz Karl , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: November 2013

An atomistic molecular dynamics simulation approach is applied to model the influence of urethane linker units as well as the addition of water molecules on the simulated shape‐memory properties of poly[(rac‐lactide)‐co‐glycolide] (PLGA) and PLGA‐based copolyester urethanes comprising different urethane linkers. The shape‐memory performance of these amorphous packing models is explored in a simulated heating–deformation–cooling–heating procedure. Depending on the type of incorporated urethane linker, the mechanical properties of the dry copolyester urethanes are found to be significantly improved compared with PLGA, which can be attributed to the number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the urethane units. Good shape‐memory properties are observed for all the modeled systems. In the dry state, the shape fixation is found to be improved by implementation of urethane units. After swelling of the copolymer models with water, which results in a reduction of their glass transition temperatures, the relaxation kinetics during unloading and shape recovery are found to be substantially accelerated.
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Tunable Dual‐Thermoresponsive Phase Behavior of Zwitterionic Polysulfobetaine Copolymers Containing Poly(N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐Grafted Silica Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Dong Zhixin , Mao Jun , Wang Dapeng , Yang Muquan , Wang Weicai , Bo Shuqin , Ji Xiangling 
Published: November 2013

Novel thermoresponsive copolymers of zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA)‐ and N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA)‐grafted silica nanoparticles are prepared via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The phase behavior of these nanoparticles is investigated. The hybrid nanoparticles exhibit tunable phase transition temperature between the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) and the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous solution. A high PSBMA content in P(SBMA‐co‐DMAEMA) copolymer in the hybrid nanoparticles leads to aggregation at low temperatures because of dominant electrostatic interactions of ionic pairs, whereas a relatively low PSBMA content in the hybrid nanoparticles results in a phase transition at high temperatures as a result of predominant hydrophobic interactions of the PDMAEMA. Interestingly, hybrid nanoparticles with a suitable molar ratio of SBMA/DMAEMA exhibit both UCST and LCST in aqueous solution, where the water‐insoluble microdomains of hybrid nanoparticles are generated by the PSBMA or PDMAEMA region depending on the temperature. The above dual‐thermoresponsive phase transition is also controllable in salt solution. A facile change in the molar content of copolymer grafted on silica nanoparticles will tune the UCST and LCST readily.
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Efficient Synthesis of High Purity Homo‐arm and Mikto‐arm Poly(ethylene glycol) Stars Using Epoxide and Azide–Alkyne Coupling Chemistry
Authors: Zhang Boyu , Zhang Hong , Elupula Ravinder , Alb Alina M. , Grayson Scott M. 
Published: November 2013

High purity homo‐arm and mikto‐arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) stars are successfully prepared by the combination of epoxide ring‐openings and azide–alkyne click reactions. First, monohydroxy‐PEG was modified via epoxide chemistry to bear one hydroxyl and one azide functionality at the same end. An alkyne‐functionalized PEG chain was then coupled to the azide. Subsequently, the remaining hydroxyl could be reactivated to an azide again and again to enable stepwise addition of alkyne‐functionalized polymer arms. The use of efficient reactions for this iterative route provides star polymers with an exact number of arms, and a tailorable degree of polymerization for each arm. Detailed characterization confirms the high purity of multi‐arm polyethylene glycol products.
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Pathophysiology of tobacco smoke exposure: Recent insights from comparative and redox proteomics
Authors: Colombo Graziano , Clerici Marco , Giustarini Daniela , Portinaro Nicola M. , Aldini Giancarlo , Rossi Ranieri , Milzani Aldo , Dalle‐Donne Isabella 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFirst‐hand and second‐hand tobacco smoke are causally linked to a huge number of deaths and are responsible for a broad spectrum of pathologies such as cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, and eye diseases as well as adverse effects on female reproductive function. Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of thousands of different chemical species, which exert their negative effects on macromolecules and biochemical pathways, both directly and indirectly. Many compounds can act as oxidants, pro‐inflammatory agents, carcinogens, or a combination of these. The redox behavior of cigarette smoke has many implications for smoke related diseases. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (both radicals and non‐radicals), reactive carbonyl compounds, and other species may induce oxidative damage in almost all the biological macromolecules, compromising their structure and/or function. Different quantitative and redox proteomic approaches have been applied in vitro and in vivo to evaluate, respectively, changes in protein expression and specific oxidative protein modifications induced by exposure to cigarette smoke and are overviewed in this review. Many gel‐based and gel‐free proteomic techniques have already been used successfully to obtain clues about smoke effects on different proteins in cell cultures, animal models, and humans. The further implementation with other sensitive screening techniques could be useful to integrate the comprehension of cigarette smoke effects on human health. In particular, the redox proteomic approach may also help identify biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke useful for preventing these effects or potentially predictive of the onset and/or progression of smoking‐induced diseases as well as potential targets for therapeutic strategies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 33: 183–218, 2014.
Cytokines in ovarian folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation and luteinisation
Authors: Field Sarah L , Dasgupta Tathagata , Cummings Michele , Orsi Nicolas M. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYCytokines are key regulators of ovarian physiology, particularly in relation to folliculogenesis and ovulation, where they contribute to creating an environment supporting follicle selection and growth. Their manifold functions include regulating cellular proliferation/differentiation, follicular survival/atresia, and oocyte maturation. Several cytokines, such as TGF‐β‐superfamily members, are involved at all stages of folliculogenesis while the production of others is stage‐dependent. This review draws upon evidence from both human and animal models to highlight the species‐specific roles at each milestone of follicular development. Given these pivotal roles and their ease of detection in follicular fluid, cytokines have been considered as attractive biomarkers of oocyte maturational status and of successful assisted reproductive outcome. Despite this, our understanding of cytokines and their interactions remains incomplete, and is still frequently limited to overly simplistic descriptions of their interrelationships. Given our increased appreciation of cytokine activity in complex and highly regulated networks, we put forward the case for using Bayesian modelling approaches to describe their hierarchical relationships in order to predict causal physiological interactions in vivo. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 284–314, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of wait‐time for antibiotic initiation and association of wait‐time with hospital length of stay and ICU admission among children with cancer at the Southern Philippines Medical Center
Authors: Kirby Jeannette , Dolendo Mae , Guimera Don , Castillo Czarina , Johnson Kyle M. , Mzayek Fawaz , Nolan Vikki G. , Relyea George , Caniza Miguela A. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundExpedited antibiotic administration improves the survival of children with cancer and infection. A 1‐hour antibiotic wait‐time (AWT) post‐hospital arrival is a quality‐of‐care benchmark in healthcare. However, multiple factors preclude achieving this goal in developing countries. Predictors of AWT and its association with hospital length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission at the Southern Philippines Medical Center (SPMC) were identified.ProceduresHealth and socioeconomic characteristics of 55 children in 92 admissions who required antibiotics were reviewed; and SPMC care providers about institutional capacity and response to suspected infection were surveyed.ResultsThe mean total AWT was 3 days and 15 hours. For admissions of established patients, mean total AWT and mean LOS were approximately half that for new patients. Admissions from high‐income households waited an average 44% less for antibiotics and were discharged 43% sooner than those from medium‐income households. Admissions from residence owner families waited 31% less to receive antibiotics, and total AWT for admissions of patients with no insurance was 32% less than for those with insurance. The likelihood of ICU admission increased 20% with every 1‐day increase in total AWT (95% CI: 1.02 1.42). Only 59% of nurses recognized fever as an emergency.ConclusionsAWT is complex and multifactorial; it may be reduced by educating parents and care providers about infection and infection control and improving the availability of antibiotics and associated supplies. These interventions will most likely reduce ICU admissions and possibly LOS and increase the survival of pediatric oncology patients at SPMC. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:680–686. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.