bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flip‐teaching engineering optimization, electromagnetic product design, and nondestructive evaluation in a semester's course
Authors: Hoole Samuel Ratnajeevan H. , Sivasuthan Sivamayam , Karthik Victor U. , Hoole Paul Ratnamahilan P. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTTeaching practical design to students requires first a numerical course such as on finite elements and then a course on optimization. However, because of curricular constraints, it is very difficult to get students to take two courses. This paper describes a new semester's course at Michigan State University that accomplishes this through flip teaching to tackle the challenges of time. It is the flip teaching that made it possible to cover two large courses as one. The traditional order of (a) delivering theory (b) programming ancillary tools (mesh generators, solvers), and (c) programming and solving design problems, is flipped. Pre‐constructed meshes described by design parameters and ancillary programs (solvers, mesh generators, and equipotential plotters) are given to students. They familiarize themselves with these at home so that class discussion is focused on the tough concepts inherent to finite element optimization. Further to manage time, students do the massive homework in teams of two and in the last 3 weeks, each student master's one optimization method working closely with the instructor in face‐to‐face sessions. Flip teaching was praised by all students. The final assignment with a realistic design problem (using a method specific to each student) involved a seminar where students presented their results and taught their specific method to the others. A survey proved the learning accomplished. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:374–382, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21607
Iron Silicates, Iron‐Modulated Zeolite Catalysts, and Molecular Models Thereof
Authors: Pinkert Denise , Limberg Christian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIron centres incorporated in silicate frameworks or located in their pores have been shown to possess unique catalytic properties. As compared to aluminosilicates this area of zeolite chemistry is much younger and in the first part of this review the findings made so far are summarised. Molecular model compounds may help to understand the formation, corrosion and reactivity of such materials or to even develop new ones. Hence, the subsequent parts deal with molecular iron siloxides, the number of which is still quite limited, and their behaviour also in relation to the iron‐modified zeolites is outlined. At first, compounds based on an incompletely condensed cubic silsequioxane are discussed, before iron(III) complexes of more basic siloxide ligands with varying steric demands are described. Finally, recent developments based on branched polydentate siloxides are presented.
[2+2+1] Cycloadditions of Bis(dialkylamino)acetylenes with SiI2(Idip): Syntheses and Reactivity Studies of Unprecedented 2,3,4,5‐Tetraamino‐1 H‐siloles
Authors: Lebedev Yury N. , Das Ujjal , Chernov Oleg , Schnakenburg Gregor , Filippou Alexander C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA novel method for the synthesis of 1H‐siloles is presented. It involves a [2+2+1] cycloaddition of the ynediamines R2NCCNR2 (R=Me, Et) with SiI2(Idip) (Idip=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) to afford the orange‐colored, highly water‐sensitive 1,1‐diiodo‐2,3,4,5‐tetraamino‐1H‐siloles SiI2{C4(NR2)4} (1‐I: R=Me; 2‐I R=Et). Treatment of 2‐I with an excess of SiBr4 afforded after I/Br exchange the 1,1‐dibromo‐1H‐silole SiBr2{C4(NEt2)4} (2‐Br). The 1H‐siloles 1‐I, 2‐I, and 2‐Br were fully characterized and their molecular structures determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The compounds feature a slightly twisted five‐membered silacyclopenta‐2,4‐diene ring and a double/single CC bond alternation in the diene fragment. Reaction of 2‐I with the N‐heterocyclic carbene IMe4 (IMe4=1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazolin‐2‐ylidene) leads, after displacement of the iodide groups, to the unprecedented diiodide salt [Si(IMe4)2{C4(NEt2)4}](I)2 (3), containing a 1H‐silole dication with a four‐coordinate SiIV center. The crystal structure of 3 reveals similar bonding characteristics for the dicationic 1H‐silole to those of the neutral 1H‐siloles 1‐I–2‐Br. Two‐electron reduction of 3 with C8K affords, after elimination of one IMe4 group, the thermolabile, carbene‐stabilized 1‐silacyclopentadien‐1‐ylidene Si{C4(NEt2)4}(IMe4) (4), which was characterized by elemental analysis and 1H, 13C{1H}, and 29Si{1H} NMR spectroscopies.
Cochrane in context: Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping in term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: McDonald Susan J. , Middleton Philippa , Dowswell Therese , Morris Peter S 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCochrane Review: Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes McDonald SJ, Middleton P, Dowswell T, Morris PS. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping in term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD004074. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004074.pub3.This companion piece to the review, Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping in term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes, contains the following pieces:

The abstract of the review
A commentary from one or more of the review authors, explaining why the review team felt the review was an important one to produce
A review of clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Paediatric Society
Some other recently published references on this topic
Acute toxicity tests and meta-analysis identify gaps in tropical ecotoxicology for amphibians
Authors: Ghose Sonia L. , Donnelly Maureen A. , Kerby Jacob , Whitfield Steven M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Amphibian populations are declining worldwide, particularly in tropical regions where amphibian diversity is highest. Pollutants, including agricultural pesticides, have been identified as a potential contributor to decline, yet toxicological studies of tropical amphibians are very rare. The present study assesses toxic effects on amphibians of 10 commonly used commercial pesticides in tropical agriculture using 2 approaches. First, the authors conducted 8-d toxicity assays with formulations of each pesticide using individually reared red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas) tadpoles. Second, they conducted a review of available data for the lethal concentration to kill 50% of test animals from the US Environmental Protection Agency's ECOTOX database to allow comparison with their findings. Lethal concentration estimates from the assays ranged over several orders of magnitude. The nematicides terbufos and ethoprophos and the fungicide chlorothalonil were very highly toxic, with evident effects within an order of magnitude of environmental concentrations. Acute toxicity assays and meta-analysis show that nematicides and fungicides are generally more toxic than herbicides yet receive far less research attention than less toxic herbicides. Given that the tropics have a high diversity of amphibians, the findings emphasize the need for research into the effects of commonly used pesticides in tropical countries and should help guide future ecotoxicological research in tropical regions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2114–2119. © 2014 SETAC
Four New 13,28‐Epoxyoleanane Saponins from Lysimachia lobelioides
Authors: Li Qi‐Ji , Zhu Zhu , Yang Xiao‐Sheng , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFour new oleanane saponins, lobelioidosides A–D (1–4, resp.), all endowed with 16‐oxo and a 23‐OH group, as well as with a 13,28‐epoxy bridge as a common moiety, have been isolated from the 75% EtOH extract of the whole plant of Lysimachia lobelioides. Their structures were elucidated on the bases of MS, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, HMQC, HMBC, and 1H,1H‐COSY data analysis.
Preparation and Structures of 2‐Substituted 5‐Benzyl‐3‐methylimidazolidin‐4‐one‐Derived Iminium Salts, Reactive Intermediates in Organocatalytic Transformations Involving α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Grošelj Uroš , Beck Albert , Schweizer W. Bernd , Seebach Dieter 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPreparations of the title compounds, 5–7 (Scheme 1 and Table 1), of their ammonium salts, 9–11 (Scheme 2 and Table 2), and of the corresponding cinnamaldehyde‐derived iminium salts 12–14 (Scheme 3 and Table 3) are reported. The X‐ray crystal structures of 15 cinnamyliminium PF6 salts have been determined (Table 4). Selected 1H‐NMR data (Table 5) of the ammonium and iminium salts are discussed, and structures in solution are compared with those in the solid state.
Induction of phenotypic plasticity in rattlesnake trophic morphology by diet manipulation
Authors: Smith Matthew T. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTGape‐limited predators are restricted in the shape and size of prey items they can ingest by their trophic morphology. Evolutionary theory predicts that gape‐limited predators, such as rattlesnakes, should possess plasticity in their trophic morphology to allow them to respond to environmental cues about their prey base. This study examined the effects of two possible influences over trophic morphology in the pit‐viper Crotalus viridis viridis. Snakes from six litters were exposed to diet manipulations performed over 480 days. By day 480, snakes from two prey‐size treatments exhibited significantly different head shapes. Snakes reared on whole rodents had broader heads, whereas snakes force‐fed homogenized prey had narrower heads. Shape differences varied among litters, suggesting that not all litters responded the same to diet manipulations. Results suggest that trophic morphology of rattlesnakes is plastic, at least in some litters, and can be induced by prey items. J. Morphol. 275:1339–1348, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post‐installed reinforcement connections at ultimate and serviceability limit states
Authors: Randl Norbert , Kunz Jakob 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWhen reinforcing bars are post‐installed in holes drilled in cured concrete, adhesive mortars are used to create a bond between concrete and bars. Appropriate adhesives can develop higher bond strengths than standard ribbed bars cast into concrete. A detailed design concept for the anchorage length of reinforcing bars has been developed by taking into account splitting/spalling of the concrete and pullout. Pullout and splitting tests on reinforcing bars set in concrete were carried out with different adhesive mortars and with varying concrete strengths and concrete covers. When higher bond strengths than those recommended for cast‐in reinforcement are taken into account, it is important to check deformations and crack widths at the serviceability limit state (SLS) separately. For this reason, structural tests on slabs and corbels were carried out. Moreover, pullout tests on post‐installed reinforcing bars were performed in order to measure displacements at service load level.
Building bridges using the balanced lift method
Authors: Kollegger Johann , Foremniak Sara , Suza Dominik , Wimmer David , Gmainer Susanne 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article explains the process of developing a new method, called the balanced lift method, for constructing bridges based on an alternative to the bridge construction techniques used nowadays. The most common methods of building bridges are those using falsework or the cantilever method, but a rather uncommon method, the lowering of arches is seen as the origin of the balanced lift method. The idea was to create a method that would allow a bridge to be built in a very fast manner without the need for falsework, using prefabricated elements and assembling all parts together in a position – in this case vertically – that would simplify the construction process. In order to reach the final state of the bridge, the parts assembled vertically are rotated into their final horizontal position. This article contains descriptions of the development of the method, a large‐scale test and two bridges already designed using the balanced lift method.
Estimation of variances and covariances for high‐dimensional data: a selective review
Authors: Tong Tiejun , Wang Cheng , Wang Yuedong 
Published: June 2014

Estimation of variances and covariances is required for many statistical methods such as t‐test, principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. High‐dimensional data such as gene expression microarray data and financial data pose challenges to traditional statistical and computational methods. In this paper, we review some recent developments in the estimation of variances, covariance matrix, and precision matrix, with emphasis on the applications to microarray data analysis. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:255–264. doi: 10.1002/wics.1308This article is categorized under:

Data: Types and Structure > Microarrays
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Leaving home in Slovenia: A quantitative exploration of residential independence among young adults
Authors: Kuhar Metka , Reiter Herwig 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe present paper analyzes and contextualizes the phenomenon of prolonged co‐residence of parents and young adult children in Slovenia. It analyzes the process of moving out or staying at home on the basis of a subsample of young people between 19 and 29 who are no longer at school included in the representative Slovenian field survey Youth 2010. Young people still living in the household of their parents or (legal) guardians are compared with those who have already left. The analysis considers factors associated with the status transitions from youth to adulthood; the demographic, social and economic background; and the perception of the parent–child relationship quality and parenting style by the children. Our findings point to the importance of possibilities for independent housing and the economic capacity of young people and their family. The most important factor behind moving out seems to be a stable partnership.
Predicting the risk of avian influenza A H7N9 infection in live-poultry markets across Asia
Authors: Gilbert Marius , Golding Nick , Zhou Hang , Wint G. R. William , Robinson Timothy P. , Tatem Andrew J. , Lai Shengjie , Zhou Sheng , Jiang Hui , Guo Danhuai , Huang Zhi , Messina Jane P. , Xiao Xiangming , Linard Catherine , Van Boeckel Thomas P. , Martin Vincent , Bhatt Samir , Gething Peter W. , Farrar Jeremy J. , Hay Simon I. , Yu Hongjie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTwo epidemic waves of an avian influenza A (H7N9) virus have so far affected China. Most human cases have been attributable to poultry exposure at live-poultry markets, where most positive isolates were sampled. The potential geographic extent of potential re-emerging epidemics is unknown, as are the factors associated with it. Using newly assembled data sets of the locations of 8,943 live-poultry markets in China and maps of environmental correlates, we develop a statistical model that accurately predicts the risk of H7N9 market infection across Asia. Local density of live-poultry markets is the most important predictor of H7N9 infection risk in markets, underscoring their key role in the spatial epidemiology of H7N9, alongside other poultry, land cover and anthropogenic predictor variables. Identification of areas in Asia with high suitability for H7N9 infection enhances our capacity to target biosurveillance and control, helping to restrict the spread of this important disease.
Multi-wavelength photoacoustic imaging of inducible tyrosinase reporter gene expression in xenograft tumors
Authors: Paproski Robert J. , Heinmiller Andrew , Wachowicz Keith , Zemp Roger J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPhotoacoustic imaging is an emerging hybrid imaging technology capable of breaking through resolution limits of pure optical imaging technologies imposed by optical-scattering to provide fine-resolution optical contrast information in deep tissues. We demonstrate the ability of multi-wavelength photoacoustic imaging to estimate relative gene expression distributions using an inducible expression system and co-register images with hemoglobin oxygen saturation estimates and micro-ultrasound data. Tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanin production, is used as a reporter gene owing to its strong optical absorption and enzymatic amplification mechanism. Tetracycline-inducible melanin expression is turned on via doxycycline treatment in vivo. Serial multi-wavelength imaging reveals very low estimated melanin expression in tumors prior to doxycycline treatment or in tumors with no tyrosinase gene present, but strong signals after melanin induction in tumors tagged with the tyrosinase reporter. The combination of new inducible reporters and high-resolution photoacoustic and micro-ultrasound technology is poised to bring a new dimension to the study of gene expression in vivo.
Increased vesicular monoamine transporter enhances dopamine release and opposes Parkinson disease-related neurodegeneration in vivo
Authors: Lohr Kelly M. , Bernstein Alison I. , Stout Kristen A. , Dunn Amy R. , Lazo Carlos R. , Alter Shawn P. , Wang Minzheng , Li Yingjie , Fan Xueliang , Hess Ellen J. , Yi Hong , Vecchio Laura M. , Goldstein David S. , Guillot Thomas S. , Salahpour Ali , Miller Gary W. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Several therapeutic strategies have been used to enhance monoamine neurotransmitter signaling. However, many of these interventions have deleterious side effects or lose effectiveness due to off-target actions and system feedback. These undesirable consequences likely occur because of temporal dysregulation of neurotransmitter release and uptake. We demonstrate that increasing vesicular packaging enhances dopamine neurotransmission without this signaling disruption. Mice with elevated vesicular monoamine transporter display increased dopamine release, improved outcomes on anxiety and depressive behaviors, enhanced locomotion, and protection from a Parkinson disease-related neurotoxic insult. The malleable nature of the dopamine vesicle suggests that interventions aimed at enhancing vesicle filling may be of therapeutic benefit.
Evidence for environmentally enhanced forest growth
Authors: Fang Jingyun , Kato Tomomichi , Guo Zhaodi , Yang Yuanhe , Hu Huifeng , Shen Haihua , Zhao Xia , Kishimoto-Mo Ayaka W. , Tang Yanhong , Houghton Richard A. 
Published: June 2014

SignificanceNorthern forests have sequestered a substantial amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the past several decades. This large carbon (C) sink usually is considered to be driven by tree regrowth after stand-replacing disturbance and growth enhancement due to environmental changes, but the relative contribution between these two processes remains unclear. In this study, we evaluate the contribution of growth enhancement induced by environmental changes to biomass C sink in Japan’s forests and demonstrate that this growth enhancement accounts for 8.4–21.6% of biomass C sink in four major plantations from 1980 to 2005. This finding highlights that global environmental changes can stimulate tree growth and thus enhance forest C sequestration over a broad geographical scale.
The hierarchic network of metal-response transcription factors in Escherichia coli
Authors: Yamamoto Kaneyoshi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli are able to survive under various environments within host animals by changes of the expression pattern of its genome. The selective expression of genes in its genome takes place by controlling the promoter recognition properties of RNA polymerase by protein-protein interplays with transcription factors. In this review, I describe the regulatory network formed by the metal-sensing transcription factors in E. coli. Comprehensive analyses identify the set of regulation targets for a total of 13 metal-response transcription factors, indicating that nine species of transcription factors are local regulators while four species of transcription factors are global regulators. The signal transduction pathways for these metal-response regulons show not only the complex cross-talks but also the hierarchic multi-regulatory network. This regulatory network seems to play a role for E. coli survival to colonize in a large intestine within host animals.
Meiothermus ruber H328 enhances the production of membrane vesicles for feather degradation
Authors: Yamaoka Akito , Kataoka Maachi , Kawasaki Kazunori , Kobayashi Emiko , Shigeri Yasushi , Watanabe Kunihiko 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The thermophilic bacterium Meiothermus ruber H328 aggressively degrades chicken feathers. When feathers were added to culture medium, the cells significantly exfoliated membrane vesicles from the outer membrane as observed by electron microscopy of ultrathin sections. This is the first report of membrane vesicle production associated with keratinolytic activity by Meiothermus sp.
Lightcurve survey of V-type asteroids in the inner asteroid belt
Authors: Hasegawa Sunao , Miyasaka Seidai , Mito Hiroyuki , Sarugaku Yuki , Ozawa Tomohiko , Kuroda Daisuke , Nishihara Setsuko , Harada Akari , Yoshida Michitoshi , Yanagisawa Kenshi , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Nagayama Shogo , Toda Hiroyuki , Okita Kichi , Kawai Nobuyuki , Mori Machiko , Sekiguchi Tomohiko , Ishiguro Masateru , Abe Takumi , Abe Masanao 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We observed the lightcurves of 13 V-type asteroids [(1933) Tinchen, (2011) Veteraniya, (2508) Alupka, (3657) Ermolova, (3900) Knezevic, (4005) Dyagilev, (4383) Suruga, (4434) Nikulin, (4796) Lewis, (6331) 1992 FZ1, (8645) 1998 TN, (10285) Renemichelsen, and (10320) Reiland]. Using these observations we determined the rotational rates of the asteroids, with the exception of Nikulin and Renemichelsen. The distribution of rotational rates of 59 V-type asteroids in the inner main belt, including 29 members of the Vesta family, which are regarded as being ejecta from the asteroid (4) Vesta, is inconsistent with the best-fit Maxwellian distribution. This inconsistency may be due to the effect of thermal radiation Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack (YORP) torques, which implies that the collision event that formed V-type asteroids is sub-billion to several billion years in age.