bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Men with Hypertension are More Likely to Have Severe Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Large Prostate Volume
Authors: HWANG Eu Chang , KIM Sun‐Ouck , NAM Deok‐Hyun , YU Ho Song , HWANG Insang , JUNG Seung Il , KANG Taek Won , KWON Dong Deuk , KIM Geun Soo 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivePatients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the correlation between LUTS and cardiovascular risk factors in men presenting with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 295 men with transurethral resection of the prostate for the treatment of BPH and LUTS. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease included: hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, and dyslipidemia. The severity of LUTS measured by the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS), prostate volume, prostate specific antigen (PSA), maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual urine (PVR) in subjects with or without cardiovascular risk factors were compared.ResultsIPSS‐total (22.9 ± 7.8 vs. 21.2 ± 7.3, P = 0.01) and obstructive symptom score (13.3 ± 5.2 vs. 11.9 ± 4.7, P = 0.01) was significantly different between men with hypertension and without cardiovascular risk factors. There was no significant difference of variables between subjects with DM, smoking or dyslipidemia and without cardiovascular risk factors. In the Pearson correlation, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were related with prostate volume (r = 0.138, P = 0.040; r = 0.163, P = 0.020), IPSS‐total (r = 0.139, P = 0.043; r = 0.138, P = 0.043), and an obstructive symptom score (r = 0.168, P = 0.014; r = 0.143, P = 0.037), respectively.ConclusionsMen with hypertension are more likely to have a higher IPSS and large prostate volume than men without hypertension. This finding implicates a pathophysiological association between hypertension and LUTS, and the need to manage comorbid symptoms simultaneously.
So long to genetic diversity, and thanks for all the fish
Authors: Allendorf Fred W. , Berry Oliver , Ryman Nils 
Published: December 2013

The world faces a global fishing crisis. Wild marine fisheries comprise nearly 15% of all animal protein in the human diet, but, according to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, nearly 60% of all commercially important marine fish stocks are overexploited, recovering, or depleted (FAO ; Fig. ). Some authors have suggested that the large population sizes of harvested marine fish make even collapsed populations resistant to the loss of genetic variation by genetic drift (e.g. Beverton ). In contrast, others have argued that the loss of alleles because of overfishing may actually be more dramatic in large populations than in small ones (Ryman et al. 1995). In this issue, Pinsky & Palumbi (2014) report that overfished populations have approximately 2% lower heterozygosity and 12% lower allelic richness than populations that are not overfished. They also performed simulations which suggest that their estimates likely underestimate the actual loss of rare alleles by a factor of three or four. This important paper shows that the harvesting of marine fish can have genetic effects that threaten the long‐term sustainability of this valuable resource.
Genome sequencing provides insight into the reproductive biology, nutritional mode and ploidy of the fern pathogenMixia osmundae
Authors: Toome Merje , Ohm Robin A. , Riley Robert W. , James Timothy Y. , Lazarus Katherine L. , Henrissat Bernard , Albu Sebastian , Boyd Alexander , Chow Julianna , Clum Alicia , Heller Gregory , Lipzen Anna , Nolan Matt , Sandor Laura , Zvenigorodsky Natasha , Grigoriev Igor V. , Spatafora Joseph W. , Aime M. Catherine 
Published: December 2013

SummaryMixia osmundae(Basidiomycota,Pucciniomycotina) represents a monotypic class containing an unusual fern pathogen with incompletely understood biology. We sequenced and analyzed the genome ofM. osmundae, focusing on genes that may provide some insight into its mode of pathogenicity and reproductive biology.Mixia osmundaehas the smallest plant pathogenic basidiomycete genome sequenced to date, at 13.6 Mb, with very few repeats, high gene density, and relatively few significant gene family gains.The genome shows that the yeast state ofM. osmundaeis haploid and the lack of segregation of mating genes suggests that the spores produced onOsmundaspp. fronds are probably asexual. However, our finding of a complete complement of mating and meiosis genes suggests the capacity to undergo sexual reproduction. Analyses of carbohydrate active enzymes suggest that this fungus is a biotroph with the ability to break down several plant cell wall components.Analyses of publicly available sequence data show that otherMixiamembers may exist on other plant hosts and with a broader distribution than previously known.
The pleiotropicSEPALLATA‐like geneOsMADS34reveals that the ‘empty glumes’ of rice (Oryza sativa) spikelets are in fact rudimentary lemmas
Authors: Lin Xuelei , Wu Feng , Du Xiaoqiu , Shi Xiaowei , Liu Yuan , Liu Shujun , Hu Yuxin , Theißen Günter , Meng Zheng 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe single floret of the rice (Oryza sativa) spikelet is subtended by a pair of enigmatic organs usually termed ‘empty glumes’ or ‘sterile lemmas’. As the identity of these organs remains essentially unknown, we refer to them as ‘organs of unknown identity’ (OUIs).Here we present a novel mutant of the riceSEPALLATA‐like geneOsMADS34which develops, in addition to disorganized branches and sterile seeds, elongatedOUIs. The function and evolution ofOsMADS34were studied.Morphological and molecular markers indicate that the elongatedOUIs have adopted lemma identity. Evolutionary analyses show that the ancestral genes of theOsM34subclade evolved under positive selection, and that three specific motifs occur in the C‐terminal region of proteins in the OsM34 subclade. Yeast two‐hybrid assays revealed that the C‐terminal region of OsMADS34 plays a crucial role in mediating protein interactions. Sequence analyses for the wild riceOryza grandiglumiswhich has elongatedOUIs revealed the association ofOsMADS34functionality withOUIidentity.Our findings support the hypothesis thatOUIs originated from the lemmas of degenerate florets under the negative control ofOsMADS34. AsOUIs neither are homologues to glumes nor have the identity of lemmas any more, but originated from these organs, we suggest calling them ‘rudimentary lemmas’.
Safety of the breast‐feeding infant after maternal anesthesia
Authors: Dalal Priti G. , Bosak Jodi , Berlin Cheston 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThere has been an increase in breast‐feeding supported by the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization. An anesthesiologist may be presented with a well‐motivated breast‐feeding mother who wishes to breast‐feed her infant in the perioperative period. Administration of anesthesia entails acute administration of drugs with potential for sedation and respiratory effects on the nursing infant. The short‐term use of these drugs minimizes the possibility of these effects. The aim should be to minimize the use of narcotics and benzodiazepines, use shorter acting agents, use regional anesthesia where possible and avoid agents with active metabolites. Frequent clinical assessments of the nursing infant are important. Available literature does suggest that although the currently available anesthetic and analgesic drugs are transferred in the breast milk, the amounts transferred are almost always clinically insignificant and pose little or no risk to the nursing infant.
Dietary fibre and fatty acids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk and progression: a systematic review
Authors: Fonseca Wald Eric L. A. , van den Borst Bram , Gosker Harry R. , Schols Annemie M. W. J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDietary intake attracts increasing interest in the risk for and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In particular, dietary fibre and fatty acids have drawn specific attention for their immunomodulating potential. The study aimed to review the current evidence on the potential roles of dietary fibre or fatty acid intake in the risk and progression of COPD. Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Collaboration Database and conference databases for original studies in adults addressing the association between fibre or fatty acid intake and COPD in terms of risk, lung function and respiratory symptoms were searched. Nine articles were included of which four reported on dietary fibre and five on fatty acids. Data of studies could not be pooled because of methodological diversity. Greater intake of dietary fibre has been consistently associated with reduced COPD risk, better lung function and reduced respiratory symptoms. Results on the associations between fatty acids and COPD are inconsistent. Dietary quality deserves further attention in developing COPD prevention and management programs.
Ten‐year patterns in blood product utilization during cardiothoracic surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Vonk Alexander B.A. , Meesters Michael I. , van Dijk Wouter B. , Eijsman Leon , Romijn Johannes W.A. , Jansen Evert K. , Loer Stephan A. , Boer Christa 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundThis retrospective analysis describes blood conservation strategies and overall consumption of red blood cells (RBCs), fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP), and platelet (PLT) concentrates during nonaortic cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a tertiary hospital over a 10‐year period.Study Design and MethodsStudy variables of 6026 patients that underwent cardiac surgery between 2002 and 2011 were incorporated in the database and included hemoglobin (Hb), lowest temperature, CPB duration, 24‐hour blood loss, fluid balance, and overall transfusion requirements.ResultsBetween 2002 and 2011, the lowest intraoperative Hb levels and temperature increased from 8.5 ± 1.2 to 10.4 ± 1.4 g/dL and from 32 ± 2 to 34 ± 1°C, respectively. In addition to the steep decrease in the postoperative fluid balance over time, a reduction in 24‐hour blood loss from 815 ± 588 mL (2002) to 590 ± 438 mL (2011) was observed. These changes were paralleled by a 28% reduction in overall RBC transfusion from 1443 units in 2002 to 1038 in 2011. While RBC transfusion decreased over time, there was no significant change in the use of FFP or PLT concentrate transfusion. The probability to receive RBC transfusion increased after cessation of aprotinin, but reduced after routine cell salvage in all operations.ConclusionThis institutional report shows a large reduction in blood loss and transfusion requirements in cardiac surgery over a 10‐year period. This reduction is most probably attributed to structural cell salvage, reduced intraoperative fluid volumes, and the increase in the lowest intraoperative body temperature.
Validation of IMP Dehydrogenase Inhibitors in a Mouse Model of Cryptosporidiosis
Authors: Gorla Suresh Kumar , McNair Nina N. , Yang Guangyi , Gao Song , Hu Ming , Jala Venkatakrishna R. , Haribabu Bodduluri , Striepen Boris , Cuny Gregory D. , Mead Jan R. , Hedstrom Lizbeth 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTCryptosporidiumparasites are a major cause of diarrhea and malnutrition in the developing world, a frequent cause of waterborne disease in the developed world, and a potential bioterrorism agent. Currently, available treatment is limited, andCryptosporidiumdrug discovery remains largely unsuccessful. As a result, the pharmacokinetic properties required forin vivoefficacy have not been established. We have been engaged in aCryptosporidiumdrug discovery program targeting IMP dehydrogenase (CpIMPDH). Here, we report the activity of eight potent and selective inhibitors ofCpIMPDH in the interleukin-12 (IL-12) knockout mouse model, which mimics acute human cryptosporidiosis. Two compounds displayed significant antiparasitic activity, validatingCpIMPDH as a drug target. The best compound, P131 (250 mg/kg of body weight/day), performed equivalently to paromomycin (2,000 mg/kg/day) when administered in a single dose and better than paromomycin when administered in three daily doses. One compound, A110, appeared to promoteCryptosporidiuminfection. The pharmacokinetic, uptake, and permeability properties of the eight compounds were measured. P131 had the lowest systemic distribution but accumulated to high concentrations within intestinal cells. A110 had the highest systemic distribution. These observations suggest that systemic distribution is not required, and may be a liability, forin vivoantiparasitic activity. Intriguingly, A110 caused specific alterations in fecal microbiota that were not observed with P131 or vehicle alone. Such changes may explain how A110 promotes parasitemia. Collectively, these observations suggest a blueprint for the development of anticryptosporidial therapy.
Synergistic Effects and Antibiofilm Properties of Chimeric Peptides against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strains
Authors: Gopal Ramamourthy , Kim Young Gwon , Lee Jun Ho , Lee Seog Ki , Chae Jeong Don , Son Byoung Kwan , Seo Chang Ho , Park Yoonkyung 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens highlights the need to identify novel antibiotics. Here we investigated the efficacies of four new antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for potential drug development. The antibacterial activities, synergistic effects, and antibiofilm properties of the four chimeric AMPs were tested against
Acinetobacter baumannii
, an emerging Gram-negative, nosocomial, drug-resistant pathogen. Nineteen
A. baumannii
strains resistant to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, and erythromycin were isolated at a hospital from patients with cholelithiasis. All four peptides exhibited significant antibacterial effects (MIC = 3.12 to 12.5 μM) against all 19 strains, whereas five commercial antibiotics showed little or no activity against the same pathogens. An exception was polymyxin, which was effective against all of the strains tested. Each of the peptides showed synergy against one or more strains when administered in combination with cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, or erythromycin. The peptides also exhibited an ability to prevent biofilm formation, which was not seen with cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, or erythromycin, though polymyxin also inhibited biofilm formation. Indeed, when administered in combination with ciprofloxacin, the AMP HPMA exerted a potent synergistic effect against
A. baumannii
biofilm formation. Collectively, our findings indicate that the AMPs tested have no cytotoxicity but possess potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities and may act synergistically with commercial antibiotics.
The Bordetella bronchiseptica Type III Secretion System Is Required for Persistence and Disease Severity but Not Transmission in Swine
Authors: Nicholson Tracy L. , Brockmeier Susan L. , Loving Crystal L. , Register Karen B. , Kehrli Marcus E. , Shore Sarah M. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Bordetella bronchiseptica
is pervasive in swine populations and plays multiple roles in respiratory disease. Most studies addressing virulence factors of
B. bronchiseptica
utilize isolates derived from hosts other than pigs in conjunction with rodent infection models. Based on previous
in vivo
mouse studies, we hypothesized that the
B. bronchiseptica
type III secretion system (T3SS) would be required for maximal disease severity and persistence in the swine lower respiratory tract. To examine the contribution of the T3SS to the pathogenesis of
B. bronchiseptica
in swine, we compared the abilities of a virulent swine isolate and an isogenic T3SS mutant to colonize, cause disease, and be transmitted from host to host. We found that the T3SS is required for maximal persistence throughout the lower swine respiratory tract and contributed significantly to the development of nasal lesions and pneumonia. However, the T3SS mutant and the wild-type parent are equally capable of transmission among swine by both direct and indirect routes, demonstrating that transmission can occur even with attenuated disease. Our data further suggest that the T3SS skews the adaptive immune response in swine by hindering the development of serum anti-
Bordetella
antibody levels and inducing an interleukin-10 (IL-10) cell-mediated response, likely contributing to the persistence of
B. bronchiseptica
in the respiratory tract. Overall, our results demonstrate that the
Bordetella
T3SS is required for maximal persistence and disease severity in pigs, but not for transmission.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor polymorphism and the risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Asian and European populations: a meta-analysis
Authors: Hao Ning-Bo , He Ya Fei , Luo Gang , Yong Xin , Zhang Yao , Yang Shi-Ming 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo determine whether macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).DesignSystem review and meta-analysis.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science databases, Cochrane Library and the Chinese Biomedical Literature database (CBM) were searched for the case–control trails for MIF and IBD. All the studies included in this manuscript met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. An OR analysis using a 95% CI was employed to assess the association of the MIF-173 G/C polymorphism with IBD susceptibility.ResultsThere was a significant association between the MIF-173 G/C gene polymorphism and IBD in the total population under the recessive model (CC vs GC+GG; OR=1.75, CI 1.04 to 2.95, p=0.04 for heterogeneity) and the codominant model (CC vs GG; OR=1.74, CI 1.02 to 2.97, p=0.04 for heterogeneity). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risks were observed for Asians using the recessive (OR=1.75, CI 1.04 to 2.95, p=0.04 for heterogeneity) and codominant models (OR=1.74, CI 1.02 to 2.97, p=0.04 for heterogeneity). Within the subgroups of UC and CD, significant differences were observed regarding UC using the recessive (OR=1.60, CI 1.09 to 2.35, p=0.02 for heterogeneity) and codominant models (OR=1.64, CI 1.12 to 2.41, p=0.01 for heterogeneity). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity for UC, significant differences were observed regarding CC in Asians vs GC+GG (OR=1.73, CI 1.02 to 2.94, p=0.04 for heterogeneity).ConclusionsThe meta-analysis suggested that the MIF-173 G/C polymorphism contributed to the susceptibility of IBD. When considering the subgroups of ethnicity and UC and CD, the results suggested that the polymorphism is more significant for UC in Asians.
Molecular analysis of sarcoidosis lymph nodes for microorganisms: a case–control study with clinical correlates
Authors: Robinson Lary A , Smith Prudence , SenGupta Dhruba J , Prentice Jennifer L , Sandin Ramon L 
Published: December 2013

IntroductionSarcoidosis is an incurable, chronic granulomatous disease primarily involving the lungs and lymph nodes of unknown aetiology, treated with non-specific anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive drugs. Persistently symptomatic patients worsen with a disabling, potentially fatal clinical course. To determine a possible infectious cause, we correlated in a case-control study the clinical information with the presence of bacterial DNA in sarcoidosis mediastinal lymph nodes compared with control lymph nodes resected during cancer surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively studied formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, mediastinal lymph nodes from 30 patients with sarcoidosis and 30 control patients with lung cancer. Nucleic acids were extracted from nodes, evaluated by ribosomal RNA PCR for bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA and the results were sequenced and compared with a bacterial sequence library. Clinical information was correlated.Results11/30 (36.7%) of lymph nodes from patients with sarcoidosis had detectable bacterial DNA, significantly more than control patient lymph nodes (2/30, 6.7%), p=0.00516. At presentation, 19/30 (63.3%) patients with sarcoidosis were symptomatic including all patients with detectable bacterial DNA. Radiographically, there were 18 stage I and 12 stage II patients. All stage II patients were symptomatic and 75% had PCR-detectable bacteria. After a mean follow-up of 52.8±32.8 months, all patients with PCR-detectable bacteria in this series were persistently symptomatic requiring treatment.Discussion36.6% of patients with sarcoidosis had detectable bacterial DNA on presentation, all of these patients were quite symptomatic and most were radiographically advanced stage II. These findings suggest that bacterial DNA-positive, symptomatic patients have more aggressive sarcoidosis that persists long term and might benefit from antimicrobial treatment directed against this presumed chronic granulomatous infection.
Inhibition of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair by the Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 as a Strategy for Radiosensitization of Glioblastoma
Authors: Gil del Alcazar Carlos Rodrigo , Hardebeck Molly Catherine , Mukherjee Bipasha , Tomimatsu Nozomi , Gao Xiaohuan , Yan Jingsheng , Xie Xian-Jin , Bachoo Robert , Li Li , Habib Amyn A. , Burma Sandeep 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Inhibitors of the DNA damage response (DDR) have great potential for radiosensitization of numerous cancers, including glioblastomas, which are extremely radio- and chemoresistant brain tumors. Currently, there are no DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair inhibitors that have been successful in treating glioblastoma. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that the dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 can potently inhibit the two central DDR kinases, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), in vitro. Here, we tested whether NVP-BEZ235 could also inhibit ATM and DNA-PKcs in tumors in vivo and assessed its potential as a radio- and chemosensitizer in preclinical mouse glioblastoma models.
Experimental Design: The radiosensitizing effect of NVP-BEZ235 was tested by following tumor growth in subcutaneous and orthotopic glioblastoma models. Tumors were generated using the radioresistant U87-vIII glioma cell line and GBM9 neurospheres in nude mice. These tumors were then treated with ionizing radiation and/or NVP-BEZ235 and analyzed for DNA-PKcs and ATM activation, DSB repair inhibition, and attenuation of growth.
Results: NVP-BEZ235 potently inhibited both DNA-PKcs and ATM kinases and attenuated the repair of ionizing radiation–induced DNA damage in tumors. This resulted in striking tumor radiosensitization, which extended the survival of brain tumor–bearing mice. Notably, tumors displayed a higher DSB-load when compared with normal brain tissue. NVP-BEZ235 also sensitized a subset of subcutaneous tumors to temozolomide, a drug routinely used concurrently with ionizing radiation for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Conclusions: These results demonstrate that it may be possible to significantly improve glioblastoma therapy by combining ionizing radiation with potent and bioavailable DNA repair inhibitors such as NVP-BEZ235. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1235–48. ©2013 AACR.