bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinesiology Tape Compared to NSAIDS in the Treatment of Rotator Cuff Impingement
Authors: Devereaux Moira , Velanoski Kinny Quan , Pennings Amanda , ElMaraghy Amr 
Published: September 2013

Objectives: To determine if kinesiology tape is as effective as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) when used as an adjunctive therapy to exercise at reducing pain and improving function in patients with rotator cuff impingement. Methods: A prospective, single-blind, randomized control trial was conducted. One hundred patients (average age: 48 ± 12.3, 61 males, 39 females) with a diagnosis of subacromial impingement syndrome were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: taping and exercise (n=33), NSAIDs and exercise (n=29), or exercise only (n=38). All patients completed a two-week (four sessions) exercise program guided by a registered physiotherapist. The physiotherapist applied the kinesiology tape to the patients in the taping and exercise group who wore the tape full time for an average of 3.5 days. Patients were assessed pre and post treatment by a research assistant who was blinded to each patient’s assigned treatment group. Patients were provided with a usage diary to record their compliance with the treatment protocol. Shoulder pain and function were assessed using a Numeric Pain Rating Scale, the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and the Constant Score. Results: A significant improvement in pain with arm elevation, SST, and Constant Scores was observed in all the groups: taping and exercise group (1.2±2.5, 1.6±2.2, 7.8±8.1, respectively; p<0.05), NSAIDs and exercise group (2.1±2.4, 1.5±2.7, 11.0±11.7; respectively; p<0.05), and the exercise only group (1.3±2.6, 1.4±2.2, 6.3±10.9, respectively; p<0.05). A significant improvement in activities of daily living and functional arm level was observed in the taping and exercise group (0.8±1.2, 1.6±2.2 respectively; p<0.05) and the NSAIDS and exercise group (1.0±1.6, 0.8±2.0 respectively; p<0.05). Between-group differences were not statistically significant. Although all treatment groups showed a slight trend toward increased strength, the results were not significant. Patients were more compliant with the kinesiology tape (100%) than the NSAIDS treatment regime (84%). 88.5% of participants reported on average less than 2/10 discomfort with the tape. Conclusion: Kinesiology tape is as effective as NSAIDs as an adjuvant therapy to exercise at reducing shoulder pain and improving function in patients with subacromial impingement. Patients demonstrated increased compliance with the addition of kinesiology tape to an exercise program as compared to NSAIDS. Kinesiology tape appears to be well-tolerated and may prove to be a safer alternative to NSAIDs in the conservative treatment of shoulder impingement pain and dysfunction.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Postoperative Complications after Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Griffin Justin W. , Browne James A. , Brockmeier Stephen F. 
Published: September 2013

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea has been identified as an important risk factor in perioperative orthopaedic surgery outcomes despite limited evidence in specific domains. Our objective was to determine if patients with obstructive sleep apnea have a higher likelihood of postoperative in-hospital complications, length of stay or increased costs after shoulder arthroplasty. Methods: We utilized the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to analyze 22,988 patients undergoing TSA or hemiarthroplasty between 2006-2008. Of these patients 1,983 (5.9%) had a concomitant diagnosis of OSA. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression modeling was used to compare patients with and without OSA for various outcomes and in hospital complications (pneumonia, DVT, PE, wound complications, hematoma, seroma, anemia). Results: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea did not have overall increased in-hospital mortality and complications including Pulmonary Embolism (odds radio 1.083; p<0.01; and 1.038 respectively) compared to those without OSA. OSA was not associated with increased postoperative charges (odds ratio 1.01) but did increase length of stay (odds ratio 1.07; p<0.0001). Conclusion: OSA does not appear to be associated with increased in-hospital mortality or morbidity. It may however be associated with increased length of stay. Our study is the first to demonstrate that the association of OSA with surgical morbidity and mortality may not be applicable in shoulder arthroplasty. Further research is warranted to attempt to allocate resources and keep patient screening costs down, while optimizing patient outcomes.
The Accuracy of the Physical Exam versus Arthroscopy in the Detection of Subscapularis Tendon Injury
Authors: Faruqui Sami , Wijdicks Coen A. , Foad Abdullah 
Published: September 2013

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to obtain the accuracy of the physical exam in the detection of subscapularis tendon tears and compare it to the gold standard of arthroscopy to determine whether clinical examination can reliably predict the presence of subscapularis tendon tears. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 52 patients (52 shoulders) who underwent arthroscopic subscapularis tendon repairs between September 2008 and April 2012. The inclusion criteria for this study were that all patients must have had at least 1 of the 3 screening tests performed prior to arthroscopy, arthroscopic evidence of a subscapularis tear, and subsequent repair of this tear. Exclusion criteria in this study included lack of documentation of screening tests. Positive findings on any combination of the belly press, lift-off, and bear hug tests constituted a positive physical exam result Results: There was a positive finding on physical exam in 42/52 patients. The sensitivity of the physical exam in the detection of subscapularis tendon injury was found to be 81%. Ten of the 52 patients with subscapularis tendon tears had negative physical exam results (false negatives). The median number of days between the physical exam and arthroscopic confirmation of a subscapularis tendon tear was 16 days. Conclusion: The belly press, lift-off, and bear hug tests can reliably predict subscapularis tendon tears. Consistent implementation of these three components of the physical exam can potentially lead to fewer undetected subscapularis tears, resulting in fewer failed rotator cuff repairs and improved overall post-operative outcomes.
Operative Management of Elbow UCL Insufficiency in Adolescent Athletes Age 18 Years and Younger
Authors: Jones Kristofer J. , Rebolledo Brian J. , Weeks Kenneth , Dines David M. , Dines Joshua S. , Altchek David W. 
Published: September 2013

Objectives: The incidence of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) insufficiency of the elbow has drastically increased in the adolescent population over the last decade due to widespread participation in overhead athletics. Previous reports suggest clinical outcomes in teenage athletes are inferior to results in higher-level adult athletes. We hypothesized that UCL reconstruction using the docking technique would result in improved outcomes in this age group. Methods: 46 adolescent athletes (mean age 17 years, range 12-18 years) underwent UCL reconstruction using the docking technique. The majority of patients were baseball players; there were three gymnasts and three javelin throwers. Retrospective review revealed each patient had a history and physical exam consistent with UCL injury along with advanced imaging demonstrating corresponding UCL pathology (24 distal tears, 22 proximal tears). Patients were evaluated at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively based on their ability to return to athletic activity. Clinical outcomes were classified using the Conway Scale, the Andrews-Timmerman Score, and the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Score. Results: At most recent follow-up, 89% (41/46) of patients had excellent results using the Conway Scale. There was one good, two fair and two poor results. One fair result was noted in a revision case and the two poor results occurred in patients who had concomitant capitellar OCD lesions. UCL tear location did not affect clinical outcome. There were four postoperative complications in four patients (two gymnasts and two javelin throwers) who developed ulnar neuritis following reconstruction. The average Andrews-Timmerman Score was 86.7 and the mean KJOC score was 88. Conclusion: The docking technique results in favorable clinical outcomes in adolescent athletes with UCL insufficiency at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. Overall, results were better than previously published reports in this age group and this may be attributed to technique specific factors. Patients with concomitant intraarticular pathology should be counseled preopreratively that they may experience inferior clinical outcomes. Additionally, gymnasts and javelin throwers may be at increased risk for postoperative complications due to increased stress on the medial elbow.
Origin of the Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament on the Pediatric Elbow
Authors: Zell Michael Alan , Dwek Jerry R. , Edmonds Eric W. 
Published: September 2013

Objectives: Surgical reconstruction of the torn anterior bundle of the medial ulnar collateral elbow ligament (UCL) is an established treatment that yields satisfactory results in adults. Children sustain these injuries less frequently and surgical intervention is complicated by the juxtaposed medial epicondyle apophysis. The purpose of this study was to identify the anatomical origin of the pediatric UCL and determine if this location changes with elbow maturity. Methods: A retrospective analysis of children with elbow MRI between 2009 and 2012 was performed. Grouped by age (<11, 11-13, and >13) and gender, the exclusion criteria included: poor imaging quality due to motion artifact, elbow flexion beyond 45 degrees, and prior elbow injury obscuring anatomic structures. Measurements of UCL width and UCL midpoint distance from medial epicondyle apophysis were recorded on coronal T1 images utilizing digital PACS software. Results: Ninety children (68 boys, 22 girls), mean age 12.8 years (range 6-18), met criteria. Across all groups, boys had a wider UCL than girls (4.05 ± 0.16 mm vs 3.72 ± 0.20 mm, p = 0.03); however, there was no difference in the anatomical origin of the UCL relative to the medial epicondyle apophysis between gender (p = 0.52), between gender age-matched groups, or within gender age-matched groups (Table 1). However, the anatomic origin of the UCL always remained medial to the distal periphery of the apophysis. There was, however, a statistical trend in girls between the <11 and >13 groups for the UCL origin to move closer to the medial epicondyle apophysis with maturity (p=0.053). Conclusion: Although surgical reconstruction of the UCL in children is infrequent, it may be the best treatment for a given skeletally immature patient with elbow instability. The procedure requires a choice regarding ligament placement on the humerus versus preservation of the medial epicondyle apophysis. This study elucidates the anatomical origin of the UCL across gender and age for the at risk pediatric group and demonstrates no differences in the UCL center of attachment based on skeletal maturity or gender. Therefore, surgical intervention of the pediatric torn elbow UCL does not require specific consideration of age and gender regarding placement of the reconstructed ligament; however, an anatomic reconstruction of the UCL does place the medial epicondyle apophysis at risk for injury.
On certain subclasses of multivalent functions defined by multiplier transformations
Authors: Patel Jagannath , Cho Nak Eun , Palit Ashis Kumar 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The purpose of the present paper is to introduce and investigate various properties of a certain class of multivalent functions in the open unit disk defined by a multiplier transformation. In particular, we obtain some inclusion relationships and integral preserving properties of this class of functions. Relevant connections of the results presented in this paper with various known results are also pointed out.

MSC:30C45.
A molecular model of the full-length human NOD-like receptor family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5) protein
Authors: Mótyán János András , Bagossi Péter , Benkő Szilvia , Tőzsér József 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundPattern recognition receptors of the immune system have key roles in the regulation of pathways after the recognition of microbial- and danger-associated molecular patterns in vertebrates. Members of NOD-like receptor (NLR) family typically function intracellularly. The NOD-like receptor family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5) is the largest member of this family that also contains the largest number of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs).Due to the lack of crystal structures of full-length NLRs, projects have been initiated with the aim to model certain or all members of the family, but systematic studies did not model the full-length NLRC5 due to its unique domain architecture.Our aim was to analyze the LRR sequences of NLRC5 and some NLRC5-related proteins and to build a model for the full-length human NLRC5 by homology modeling.ResultsLRR sequences of NLRC5 were aligned and were compared with the consensus pattern of ribonuclease inhibitor protein (RI)-like LRR subfamily. Two types of alternating consensus patterns previously identified for RI repeats were also found in NLRC5. A homology model for full-length human NLRC5 was prepared and, besides the closed conformation of monomeric NLRC5, a heptameric platform was also modeled for the opened conformational NLRC5 monomers.ConclusionsIdentification of consensus patterns of leucine-rich repeat sequences helped to identify LRRs in NLRC5 and to predict their number and position within the protein. In spite of the lack of fully adequate template structures, the presence of an untypical CARD domain and unusually high number of LRRs in NLRC5, we were able to construct a homology model for both the monomeric and homo-heptameric full-length human NLRC5 protein.
Suppression of protein kinase C theta contributes to enhanced myogenesis In vitro via IRS1 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation
Authors: Marino Joseph S , Hinds Terry D , Potter Rachael A , Ondrus Eric , Onion Jeremy L , Dowling Abigail , McLoughlin Thomas J , Sanchez Edwin R , Hill Jennifer W 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Differentiation and fusion of skeletal muscle myoblasts into multi-nucleated myotubes is required for neonatal development and regeneration in adult skeletal muscle. Herein, we report novel findings that protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) regulates myoblast differentiation via phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and ERK1/2.

Results
In this study, PKCθ knockdown (PKCθshRNA) myotubes had reduced inhibitory insulin receptor substrate-1 ser1095 phosphorylation, enhanced myoblast differentiation and cell fusion, and increased rates of protein synthesis as determined by [3H] phenylalanine incorporation. Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 ser632/635 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) was increased in PKCθshRNA cells, with no change in ERK5 phosphorylation, highlighting a PKCθ-regulated myogenic pathway. Inhibition of PI3-kinase prevented cell differentiation and fusion in control cells, which was attenuated in PKCθshRNA cells. Thus, with reduced PKCθ, differentiation and fusion occur in the absence of PI3-kinase activity. Inhibition of the ERK kinase, MEK1/2, impaired differentiation and cell fusion in control cells. Differentiation was preserved in PKCθshRNA cells treated with a MEK1/2 inhibitor, although cell fusion was blunted, indicating PKCθ regulates differentiation via IRS1 and ERK1/2, and this occurs independently of MEK1/2 activation.

Conclusion
Cellular signaling regulating the myogenic program and protein synthesis are complex and intertwined. These studies suggest that PKCθ regulates myogenic and protein synthetic signaling via the modulation of IRS1and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Myotubes lacking PKCθ had increased rates of protein synthesis and enhanced myotube development despite reduced activation of the canonical anabolic-signaling pathway. Further investigation of PKCθ regulated signaling may reveal important interactions regulating skeletal muscle health in an insulin resistant state.
Gene expression modifications in Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells promoted by prolonged in vitro culturing
Authors: Gatta Valentina , D’Aurora Marco , Lanuti Paola , Pierdomenico Laura , Sperduti Samantha , Palka Giandomenico , Gesi Marco , Marchisio Marco , Miscia Sebastiano , Stuppia Liborio 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundIt has been demonstrated that the umbilical cord matrix, represented by the Wharton’s Jelly (WJ), contains a great number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), characterized by the expression of specific MSCs markers, shared by both human and animal models. The easy access to massive WJ amount makes it an attractive source of MSCs for cell-based therapies. However, as in other stem cell models, a deeper investigation of WJ-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) biological properties, probably modulated by their prolonged expansion and fast growth abilities, is required before their use in clinical settings. In this context, in order to analyze specific gene expression modifications occurring in WJ-MSCs, along with their culture prolongation, we investigated the transcriptomic profiles of WJ-MSCs after 4 and 12 passages ofin vitroexpansion by microarray analysis.ResultsHierarchical clustering analysis of the data set originated from a total of 6 experiments revealed that in vitro expansion of WJ-MSCs up to 12 passages promote selective over-expression of 157 genes and down-regulation of 440 genes compared to the 4th passage. IPA software analysis of the biological functions related to the identified sets of genes disclosed several transcripts related to inflammatory and cell stress response, cell proliferation and maturation, and apoptosis.ConclusionsTaken together, these modifications may lead to an impairment of both cell expansion ability and resistance to apoptosis, two hallmarks of aging cells. In conclusion, results provided by the present study suggest the need to develop novel culture protocols able to preserve stem cell plasticity.
Hypereosinophilic syndrome masquerading as a myocardial infarction causing decompensated heart failure
Authors: Lim Joanna , Sternberg Alexander , Manghat Nathan , Ramcharitar Steve 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
An 81 year old female patient diagnosed with a chronic low grade hypereosinophilic syndrome presented with angina and dyspnoea.

Case presentation
She was managed for a non-ST elevated myocardial infarction since her troponin levels were elevated. On day 5, she suffered an acute clinical deterioration with type I respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock, accompanied by deterioration in left ventricular systolic function demonstrated on echocardiography, and this coincided with a marked rise in eosinophil count. Secondary causes of eosinophilia were excluded permitting a diagnosis of Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES) to be made. Coronary angiography revealed unobstructed arteries. Supportive treatment for heart failure included diuretic and inotropes but she dramatically improved both clinically and echocardiographically upon commencement of high dose steroids and hydroxycarbamide. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) demonstrated diffuse, shallow endomyocardial enhancement with late gadolinium, consistent with a diagnosis of eosinophilic myocarditis.

Conclusion
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome can masquerade as a myocardial infarction causing decompensated heart failure. Early recognition and treatment with steroids can improve outcome.
Preparation of lactose-free pasteurized milk with a recombinant thermostable β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus
Authors: Li Bin , Wang Zemin , Li Shiwu , Donelan William , Wang Xingli , Cui Taixing , Tang Dongqi 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Lactose intolerance is a common health concern causing gastrointestinal symptoms and avoidance of dairy products by afflicted individuals. Since milk is a primary source of calcium and vitamin D, lactose intolerant individuals often obtain insufficient amounts of these nutrients which may lead to adverse health outcomes. Production of lactose-free milk can provide a solution to this problem, although it requires use of lactase from microbial sources and increases potential for contamination. Use of thermostable lactase enzymes can overcome this issue by functioning under pasteurization conditions.

Results
A thermostable β-glucosidase gene from Pyrococcus furiosus was cloned in frame with the Saccharomyces cerecisiae a-factor secretory signal and expressed in Pichia pastoris strain X-33. The recombinant enzyme was purified by a one-step method of weak anion exchange chromatography. The optimum temperature and pH for this β-glucosidase activity was 100°C and pH 6.0, respectively. The enzyme activity was not significantly inhibited by Ca2+. We tested the additive amount, hydrolysis time, and the influence of glucose on the enzyme during pasteurization and found that the enzyme possessed a high level of lactose hydrolysis in milk that was not obviously influenced by glucose.

Conclusions
The thermostablity of this recombinant β-glucosidase, combined with its neutral pH activity and favorable temperature activity optima, suggest that this enzyme is an ideal candidate for the hydrolysis of lactose in milk, and it would be suitable for application in low-lactose milk production during pasteurization.
Variants in toll-like receptor 9 gene influence susceptibility to tuberculosis in a Mexican population
Authors: Torres-García Diana , Cruz-Lagunas Alfredo , García-Sancho Figueroa Ma Cecilia , Fernández-Plata Rosario , Baez-Saldaña Renata , Mendoza-Milla Criselda , Barquera Rodrigo , Carrera-Eusebio Aida , Ramírez-Bravo Salomón , Campos Lizeth , Angeles Javier , Vargas-Alarcón Gilberto , Granados Julio , Gopal Radha , Khader Shabaana A , Yunis Edmond J , Zuñiga Joaquin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
The control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection begins with the recognition of mycobacterial structural components by toll like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors. Our objective was to determine the influence of TLRs polymorphisms in the susceptibility to develop tuberculosis (TB) in Amerindian individuals from a rural area of Oaxaca, Mexico with high TB incidence.

Methods
We carried out a case–control association community based study, genotyping 12 polymorphisms of TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 and TLR9 genes in 90 patients with confirmed pulmonary TB and 90 unrelated exposed but asymptomatic household contacts.

Results
We found a significant increase in the frequency of the allele A of the TLR9 gene polymorphism rs352139 (A>G) in the group of TB patients (g.f. = 0.522) when compared with controls (g.f. = 0.383), (Pcorr = 0.01, OR = 1.75). Under the recessive model (A/G + A/A vs G/G) this polymorphism was also significantly associated with TB (Pcorr = 0.01, OR= 2.37). The association of the SNP rs352139 was statistically significant after adjustment by age, gender and comorbidities by regression logistic analysis (Dominant model: p value = 0.016, OR = 2.31; Additive model: p value = 0.023, OR = 1.68). The haplotype GAA of TLR9 SNPs was also associated with TB susceptibility (Pcorr = 0.02). Differences in the genotype or allele frequencies of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 polymorphisms between TB patients and healthy contacts were not detected.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that the allele A of the intronic polymorphism rs352139 on TLR9 gene might contribute to the risk of developing TB in Mexican Amerindians.