bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural, Mechanical and Magneto-Electronic Properties of the Ternary Sodium Palladium and Platinum Oxides
Authors: Sadiq Saima , Ali Zahid , Ahmad Iftikhar , Khan Imad , Rehman Gul , Sadiq Muhammad , Ur Rehman Najeeb 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTernary palladium and platinum oxides NaPd3O4and NaPt3O4are studied theoretically using DFT. The calculated structural parameters and geometry are found consistent with the experiments. The mechanical properties analysis show that both compounds are elastically stable; anisotropic and reveal the ductile nature. Electronic cloud explain that the chemical bond between Na and Pd/Pt is ionic, whereas between O and Pd/Pt is covalent. The electronic band structures and densities of states demonstrate that these compounds are metals. The d-state splitting explains the origin of the electronic behaviour of these oxides. The optimised magnetic phase energies and magnetic susceptibility confirm that these oxides are paramagnetic metals.
2,5-Bridged 1-Carba-arachno-pentaborane(10) Derivatives – Intermediates on the Way to Pentaalkyl-1,5-dicarba-closo-pentaboranes(5)
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Schanz Hans-Joerg 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Stimulated by a report from (R. Köster, G. Benedikt, M. A. Grassberger, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1968, 719, 187.) on a carbaborane, for which the structure of 2,3,4,5,-tetraethlyl-1-methyl-2,5-μ-(ethyl-1′,1′-diyl)-1-carba-arachno-pentaborane(10) 1 was proposed, an independent synthesis was developed. Diethyl(ethynyl)borane was generated in situ in the presence of a large excess of “Et2B–H” (hydride bath) by ethynyl/H exchange, using ethynyl(trioctyl)tin to react in a mixture with diethyl(vinyl)borane at low temperature. Hydroboration and Et2B–H-catalysed condensation afforded 1, as shown by 11B, 13C NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Thermal degradation of 1 gave 2,3,4-triethyl-1,5-dimethyl-1,5-dicarba-closo-pentaborane(5), whereas the pentaethyl-1,5-dicarba-closo-pentaborane(5) resulted from thermally induced decomposition of other suitably substituted arachno carbaboranes.
Reactive oxygen species in disease: Rebuttal of a conventional concept
Authors: Vitetta Luis , Coulson Samantha , Linnane Anthony W 
Published: September 2015

The production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species has long been proposed as leading to the random deleterious modification of macromolecules (i.e., nucleic acids, proteins) with an associated progressive development of the age associated systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, Parkinson’s disease) as well as contributing to the ageing process. Superoxide anion (hydrogen peroxide) and nitric oxide (peroxynitrite) comprise regulated intracellular second messenger pro-oxidant systems, with specific sub-cellular locales of production and are essential for the normal function of the metabolome and cellular electro-physiology. We have posited that the formation of superoxide anion and its metabolic product hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, do not conditionally lead to random damage of macromolecular species such as nucleic acids or proteins. Under normal physiological conditions their production is intrinsically regulated that is very much consistent with their second messenger purpose of function. We further propose that the concept of an orally administered small molecule antioxidant as a therapy to abrogate free radical activity (to control oxidative stress) is a chimera. As such we consider that free radicals are not a major overwhelming player in the development of the chronic diseases or the ageing process.
Generalised (2+1)-dimensional Super MKdV Hierarchy for Integrable Systems in Soliton Theory
Authors: Dong Huanhe , Zhao Kun , Yang Hongwei , Li Yuqing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMuch attention has been given to constructing Lie and Lie superalgebra for integrable systems in soliton theory, which often have significant scientific applications. However, this has mostly been confined to (1+1)-dimensional integrable systems, and there has been very little work on (2+1)-dimensional integrable systems. In this article, we construct a class of generalised Lie superalgebra that differs from more common Lie superalgebra to generate a (2+1)-dimensional super modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) hierarchy, via a generalised Tu scheme based on the Lax pair method where the Hamiltonian structure derives from a generalised supertrace identity. We also obtain some solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional mKdV equation using the G′/G2 method.
Tikhonov Regularisation Method for Simultaneous Inversion of the Source Term and Initial Data in a Time-Fractional Diffusion Equation
Authors: Ruan Zhousheng , Yang Jerry Zhijian , Lu Xiliang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe inverse problem of identifying the time-independent source term and initial value simultaneously for a time-fractional diffusion equation is investigated. This inverse problem is reformulated into an operator equation based on the Fourier method. Under a certain smoothness assumption, conditional stability is established. A standard Tikhonov regularisation method is proposed to solve the inverse problem. Furthermore, the convergence rate is given for an a priori and a posteriori regularisation parameter choice rule, respectively. Several numerical examples, including one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases, show the efficiency of our proposed method.
Proximal Medial Tibial Bone Graft Harvesting in Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Dalal Rakesh B , Rachha Rajesh , Sugathan Hari Kovilazhikathu 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Cancellous bone graft harvesting from proximal tibia is usually by a lateral approach. We describe our technique and results in harvesting proximal tibia bone graft by a medial approach in foot and ankle surgery. Our results confirm that medial proximal tibial bone graft harvesting is a relatively safe and easy procedure to obtain adequate amount of autogenous cancellous bone graft. Donor site morbidity was found to be very low and fusion rate was found to be excellent in a variety of foot and ankle surgeries.

How to cite this article
Dalal R, Sugathan HK, Rachha R. Proximal Medial Tibial Bone Graft Harvesting in Foot and Ankle Surgery. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1):27-30.
Hindfoot Infections: What to do and How?
Authors: Saibaba Balaji , Gopinathan Nirmal Raj 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Hindfoot infections though uncommon, pose a major cause of orthopedic concern in view of their delayed diagnosis and lack of adequate expertise in their successful management. If untreated, these infections can cause significant morbidity and functional impairment which can even culminate in amputation. Successful management of this otherwise disabling condition warrants a thorough knowledge about the various etiopathological factors, the myriad clinical presentations, available diagnostic modalities and specific management strategies–medical and/or surgical. Timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention is the key for eradicating hindfoot infections and restoring the patient's functional status.

How to cite this article
Gopinathan NR, Dhillon MS, Saibaba B. Hindfoot Infections: What to do and How? J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1):31-37.
Neglected Stress Fracture of Navicular Bone: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Rajasekaran S , Silvampatti Sundararajan , Pradeep AR 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Navicular fractures are the most common stress fractures of tarsal bones, with calcaneum fractures accounting for almost all of the remainder. Diagnosis is commonly delayed and these fractures carry on with a risk of displacement and nonunion, thus affecting the outcome.
A 17-year-old university level female athlete presented with pain along the anteromedial aspect of her foot suffering since one- and half-year without a history of specific trauma. On evaluation, she was found to have stress fracture of navicular bone which was neglected and has gone for nonunion.
Satisfactory outcome was achieved by open reduction and internal fixation with cancellous screw and iliac crest strut grafting followed by appropriate rehabilitation.

How to cite this article
Silvampatti S, Pradeep AR, Rajasekaran S. Neglected Stress Fracture of Navicular Bone: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1): 38-40.
Lateral Swivel Dislocation of the Hindfoot : A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kapila Rajesh , Verka Partap singh , Garg Radhe sham , Ahmed Mannan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Lateral swivel dislocation, a subtype pattern of dislocations occurring at mid tarsal joint is a rare type of injury. A medially or laterally directed force applied to the forefoot causes dislocation of the talonavicular joint but not subtalar joint. The calcaneum alongwith the remaining foot swivels on the intact interosseous talocalcaneal ligament. The present case report is a more rare lateral swivel type of dislocation of talonavicular joint in a 25-year-old male. The article also presents a comprehensive review of literature and management of such type of injuries of the hindfoot .

How to cite this article
Kapila R, Verka Ps, Garg Rs, Ahmed M. Lateral Swivel Dislocation of the Hindfoot: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1): 41-43.
El uso de buenas prácticas agrícolas ¿Un problema de economías de escala? Estudio de caso de los productores de la Subcuenca III, Nicaragua
Authors: Contreras Hernández Alder Miguel 
Published: September 2015

Los riesgos del cambio climático y las debilidades productivas que presentan los pequeños y medianos productores suponen un enorme reto en la agenda de crecimiento y desarrollo del sector agrícola nicaragüense. En este sentido, la incorporación de buenas prácticas agrícolas (GAP) a los sistemas de producción vigentes supone una posible estrategia de desarrollo para los grupos de productores más vulnerables, pues permite el acceso a mercados agrícolas más dinámicos y estables y la mejora de los sistemas productivos vigentes. No obstante, la implementación de sistemas de producción basados en principios de sostenibilidad económica y ambiental, como son los basados en las GAP, supone enormes desafíos tanto económicos como culturales, por lo que el desarrollo de políticas de intervención que permitan su establecimiento y aplicación es de vital importancia para el desarrollo del sector agrícola nicaragüense.
La investigación cualitativa y el enfrentamiento armado en Guatemala
Authors: Falla Ricardo 
Published: September 2015

Me pidieron que desarrollara, en esta conferencia inaugural, mi experiencia de investigación sobre el enfrentamiento armado en Guatemala. Se menciona en el título la palabra “cualitativa”, pero, aunque lo que describiré es una experiencia de investigación cualitativa, no voy a teorizar sobre ella, sólo voy a reflexionar, según la voy explicando; tampoco quisiera dar recetas de cómo realizarla. Daré mi experiencia siguiendo el género literario de la narrativa. Ustedes, si tienen paciencia, pueden escuchar y sacar provecho de lo que más les llame la atención. Tampoco quisiera polemizar sobre la supremacía de la investigación cualitativa frente a la cuantitativa. Ya bastantes banderas ideológicas nos dividen como para añadir otra. El corazón de la investigación cualitativa reside en acercarnos a la visión de las personas, grupos y sociedades que estamos estudiando. Es una manera de entrar a conocer cómo ellas entienden su vida y sus cambios. Pero nos hace falta cuantificar los hechos con la ayuda de la mirada cualitativa para que las preguntas a cuantificar sean relevantes para lo que se desea saber.
Comentario al libro de Ricardo Falla, s. j.: Ixcán: El campesino indígena se levanta. Guatemala 1966-1982 (Tercer volumen de la colección Al Atardecer de la Vida)
Authors: Palencia Prado Tania 
Published: September 2015

La memoria es el infierno, dijo atrevido el gran señor Luis Cardoza y Aragón, cuando penetraba en las sombras inconclusas de sus recuerdos. Aquí en este foro, con un público que no quiere olvidar, estamos seguros de que la memoria no es el infierno (¿o sí lo es?). Lo cierto es que este libro recorre laberintos oscuros, silenciados, acallados, llenos de voces y almas con las bocas abiertas, como los caminos de sangre de Virgilio en La Divina Comedia. Ricardo Falla invita a hablar de lo no dicho, a discutir, a pensar, a gritar, a ser altoparlante de las utopías expulsadas, todo lo cual es saludable, máxime cuando, en Guatemala, la memoria comunitaria simplemente no se nombra, ni siquiera como infierno y, por tanto, no tiene existencia. No existe.
Comentario sobre el libro de Rosa Salaverry, Una vida es una historia para contar
Authors: Urtecho Mario 
Published: September 2015

Acompañar a doña Rosa Salaverry (doña Cuta) en la edición, publicación y presentación de Una vida es una historia para contar ha sido una experiencia especial, porque además fue una ocasión inapreciable para compartir la franca y fresca amistad de ella y de su esposo, el Dr. Ernesto Castillo, don Tito.Estas memorias cautivantes, reunidas en diez secciones que abarcan 360 páginas, las escribió doña Cuta a mano, como los antiguos amanuenses, con su hermosa caligrafía de finos arabescos trazada con grafito o con bolígrafo. Y fue a mano, no a máquina, porque así es como ella siente —me dijo— “que lo que escribo me lo saco del corazón”. Fueron incontables las horas dedicadas a re-crear eventos centrales de su existencia, reconstruidos con paciencia de orfebre y meticulosidad de alfarera, para que sus palabras dieran testimonio de la singular senda que ha recorrido hasta hoy.
Comentario sobre el libro de Ernesto Castillo Martínez, Ensayos y opiniones sobre la realidad nicaragüense
Authors: Rocha Urtecho Luis 
Published: September 2015

La profundización en aspectos económicos, políticos y sociales en diversas épocas de nuestra historia ha sido en Ernesto Castillo Martínez no únicamente una afición, sino una rigurosa devoción y hasta adicción, que lo ha llevado a utilizar con singular acierto diversos géneros, como el anecdótico, tan presente y ameno en los dos volúmenes de sus Historias no contadas o a medio contar (CNE, 1999), en los que emprende un recorrido que pareciera lindar con la ficción, que a manera de pequeñas narraciones cautivan al lector y lo inducen a un conocimiento más profundo de nuestra historia: a la lectura y análisis que todos debemos emprender para ir sacando conclusiones sobre si hemos aprendido algo útil para avanzar en este nuevo siglo, o si la historia se quedó inmóvil en el siglo anterior.
Los mejores fandangos de la lengua castellana
Authors: Bada Ricardo 
Published: September 2015

En la andaluza ciudad de Huelva, un día del tórrido verano de 1959, a la hora de la siesta, a Francisco Javier Hernández Bañares y a quien suscribe se nos ocurrió componer algo así como Las mil peores poesías de la lengua castellana, y jóvenes y decididos como éramos (y con otras fechorías semejantes o peores en nuestro haber), pusimos de inmediato manos a la obra. Muy pronto, pues además de jóvenes y decididos no éramos lerdos, se nos hizo evidente la mayor y más insalvable dificultad de la empresa. El mal poeta escribe mala poesía de una manera absolutamente natural, pero escribir mala poesía... adrede, debe ser una tarea sólo reservada a los elegidos: esto es, a grandes poetas dedicados aposta a escribir mal. Y nosotros no éramos ni siquiera poetas, ni buenos ni malos. Así que buscamos otra opción. ¿Qué cosa más natural, para gente de Huelva, que componer Los mil mejores fandangos de la lengua castellana?
Annual water, sediment, nutrient, and organic carbon fluxes in river basins: A global meta‐analysis as a function of scale
Authors: Mutema M. , Chaplot V. , Jewitt G. , Chivenge P. , Blöschl G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractProcess controls on water, sediment, nutrient, and organic carbon exports from the landscape through runoff are not fully understood. This paper provides analyses from 446 sites worldwide to evaluate the impact of environmental factors (MAP and MAT: mean annual precipitation and temperature; CLAY and BD: soil clay content and bulk density; S: slope gradient; LU: land use) on annual exports (RC: runoff coefficients; SL: sediment loads; TOCL: organic carbon losses; TNL: nitrogen losses; TPL: phosphorus losses) from different spatial scales. RC was found to increase, on average, from 18% at local scale (in headwaters), 25% at microcatchment and subcatchment scale (midreaches) to 41% at catchment scale (lower reaches of river basins) in response to multiple factors. SL increased from microplots (468 g m−2 yr−1) to plots (901 g m−2 yr−1), accompanied by decreasing TOCL and TNL. Climate was a major control masking the effects of other factors. For example, RC, SL, TOCL, TNL, and TPL tended to increase with MAP at all spatial scales. These variables, however, decreased with MAT. The impact of CLAY, BD, LU, and S on erosion variables was largely confined to the hillslope scale, where RC, SL, and TOCL decreased with CLAY, while TNL and TPL increased. The results contribute to better understanding of water, nutrient, and carbon cycles in terrestrial ecosystems and should inform river basin modeling and ecosystem management. The important role of spatial climate variability points to a need for comparative research in specific environments at nested spatiotemporal scales.
Estimating mountain basin‐mean precipitation from streamflow using Bayesian inference
Authors: Henn Brian , Clark Martyn P. , Kavetski Dmitri , Lundquist Jessica D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEstimating basin‐mean precipitation in complex terrain is difficult due to uncertainty in the topographical representativeness of precipitation gauges relative to the basin. To address this issue, we use Bayesian methodology coupled with a multimodel framework to infer basin‐mean precipitation from streamflow observations, and we apply this approach to snow‐dominated basins in the Sierra Nevada of California. Using streamflow observations, forcing data from lower‐elevation stations, the Bayesian Total Error Analysis (BATEA) methodology and the Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE), we infer basin‐mean precipitation, and compare it to basin‐mean precipitation estimated using topographically informed interpolation from gauges (PRISM, the Parameter‐elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model). The BATEA‐inferred spatial patterns of precipitation show agreement with PRISM in terms of the rank of basins from wet to dry but differ in absolute values. In some of the basins, these differences may reflect biases in PRISM, because some implied PRISM runoff ratios may be inconsistent with the regional climate. We also infer annual time series of basin precipitation using a two‐step calibration approach. Assessment of the precision and robustness of the BATEA approach suggests that uncertainty in the BATEA‐inferred precipitation is primarily related to uncertainties in hydrologic model structure. Despite these limitations, time series of inferred annual precipitation under different model and parameter assumptions are strongly correlated with one another, suggesting that this approach is capable of resolving year‐to‐year variability in basin‐mean precipitation.
Understanding handpump sustainability: Determinants of rural water source functionality in theGreaterAframPlains region ofGhana
Authors: Fisher Michael B. , Shields Katherine F. , Chan Terence U. , Christenson Elizabeth , Cronk Ryan D. , Leker Hannah , Samani Destina , Apoya Patrick , Lutz Alexandra , Bartram Jamie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSafe drinking water is critical to human health and development. In rural sub‐Saharan Africa, most improved water sources are boreholes with handpumps; studies suggest that up to one third of these handpumps are nonfunctional at any given time. This work presents findings from a secondary analysis of cross‐sectional data from 1509 water sources in 570 communities in the rural Greater Afram Plains (GAP) region of Ghana; one of the largest studies of its kind. 79.4% of enumerated water sources were functional when visited; in multivariable regressions, functionality depended on source age, management, tariff collection, the number of other sources in the community, and the district. A Bayesian network (BN) model developed using the same data set found strong dependencies of functionality on implementer, pump type, management, and the availability of tools, with synergistic effects from management determinants on functionality, increasing the likelihood of a source being functional from a baseline of 72% to more than 97% with optimal management and available tools. We suggest that functionality may be a dynamic equilibrium between regular breakdowns and repairs, with management a key determinant of repair rate. Management variables may interact synergistically in ways better captured by BN analysis than by logistic regressions. These qualitative findings may prove generalizable beyond the study area, and may offer new approaches to understanding and increasing handpump functionality and safe water access.
Interlaboratory comparison of magnesium isotopic compositions of 12 felsic to ultramafic igneous rock standards analyzed by MC‐ICPMS
Authors: Teng Fang‐Zhen , Yin Qing‐Zhu , Ullmann Clemens V. , Chakrabarti Ramananda , Pogge von Strandmann Philip A. E. , Yang Wei , Li Wang‐Ye , Ke Shan , Sedaghatpour Fatemeh , Wimpenny Joshua , Meixner Anette , Romer Rolf L. , Wiechert Uwe , Jacobsen Stein B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo evaluate the interlaboratory mass bias for high‐precision stable Mg isotopic analysis of natural materials, a suite of silicate standards ranging in composition from felsic to ultramafic were analyzed in five laboratories by using three types of multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC‐ICPMS). Magnesium isotopic compositions from all labs are in agreement for most rocks within quoted uncertainties but are significantly (up to 0.3‰ in 26Mg/24Mg, >4 times of uncertainties) different for some mafic samples. The interlaboratory mass bias does not correlate with matrix element/Mg ratios, and the mechanism for producing it is uncertain but very likely arises from column chemistry. Our results suggest that standards with different matrices are needed to calibrate the efficiency of column chemistry and caution should be taken when dealing with samples with complicated matrices. Well‐calibrated standards with matrix elements matching samples should be used to reduce the interlaboratory mass bias.
Convergent crater circulations on Mars: Influence on the surface pressure cycle and the depth of the convective boundary layer
Authors: Tyler Daniel , Barnes Jeffrey R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractModeling of slope flow circulations in idealized axisymmetric craters is used to understand (1) the large surface pressure amplitude observed in Gale Crater by the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station and (2) the shallow convective boundary layer (CBL) suggested by Curiosity imagery. Air temperatures vary within craters with greater amplitudes than outside them, becoming warmer/colder during day/night. This crater circulation effect is most significant over the depth of the crater (key parameter). Within the idealized craters, a surface pressure cycle develops (in the real atmosphere it is enhanced). Partially caused by thermal expansion, a “surge” of mass away from the craters develops during daytime. Over crater floors, the CBL depth is inhibited by a capping inversion from the adiabatic warming of widespread daytime subsidence. For a variety of craters (radius, depth, and with or without a central mound), the results are very similar. In real‐atmosphere simulations over canyons or large basins, similar circulations are seen.