bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cuneanes as Potential Benzene Bioisosteres Having Chirality
Authors: Takebe Hiyori , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCuneane, a structural isomer of cubane, possesses C
2v
symmetry, unlike the Oh
symmetry of cubane. It can exhibit chirality with only a single substituent, differentiating it from cubane. Consequently, cuneane is being explored as a potential benzene bioisostere in pharmaceutical molecules, adding complexity such as chirality through isomerization of the cubane skeleton. Although there has been limited research on the synthesis of cuneane, recent years have seen increased attention devoted to this cage hydrocarbon. In this short review, we will discuss recent advances in the synthesis, utilization, and transformations of the cuneane framework into other cage hydrocarbons.1	Introduction: Absolute Configuration Notation2	Preparation of 1,3- and 2,6-Disubstituted Cuneanes by Constitutional Isomerization of 1,4-Disubstituted Cubanes3	Preparation of 1,2-Disubstituted Cuneanes from 1-Cuneanecarboxamide via Directed ortho-Metalation4	Investigation of the Potential as a Benzene Bioisostere5	Asymmetric Synthesis of Cuneanes6	Cuneane Scaffold Editing7	Conclusion
Improving the endoscopic recognition of early colorectal carcinoma using artificial intelligence: current evidence and future directions
Authors: Thijssen Ayla , Schreuder Ramon-Michel , Dehghani Nikoo , Schor Marieke , de With Peter H.N. , van der Sommen Fons , Boonstra Jurjen J. , Moons Leon M.G. , Schoon Erik J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Artificial intelligence (AI) has great
potential to improve endoscopic recognition of early stage colorectal carcinoma (CRC). This
scoping review aimed to summarize current evidence on this topic, provide an overview of the
methodologies currently used, and guide future research.
Methods A systematic search was performed following the
PRISMA-Scr guideline. PubMed (including Medline), Scopus, Embase, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital
Library were searched up to January 2024. Studies were eligible for inclusion when using AI
for distinguishing CRC from colorectal polyps on endoscopic imaging, using histopathology as
gold standard, reporting sensitivity, specificity, or accuracy as outcomes.
Results Of 5024 screened articles, 26 were included.
Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system classification categories ranged from two categories,
such as lesions suitable or unsuitable for endoscopic resection, to five categories, such as
hyperplastic polyp, sessile serrated lesion, adenoma, cancer, and other. The number of images
used in testing databases varied from 69 to 84,585. Diagnostic performances were divergent,
with sensitivities varying from 55.0% to 99.2%, specificities from 67.5% to 100% and
accuracies from 74.4% to 94.4%.
Conclusions This review highlights that using AI to improve
endoscopic recognition of early stage CRC is an upcoming research field. We introduced a
suggestions list of essential subjects to report in research regarding the development of
endoscopy CADx systems, aiming to facilitate more complete reporting and better comparability
between studies. There is a knowledge gap regarding real-time CADx system performance during
multicenter external validation. Future research should focus on development of CADx systems
that can differentiate CRC from premalignant lesions, while providing an indication of
invasion depth.
Visible-Light-Induced Iron(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bis(indolyl)methanes through Hydrogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Mandal Kush , Rana Gopal , Nur Asadujjaman , Ghosh Sourav , Jana Umasish 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe report a visible-light-mediated, FeCl3-catalyzed, one-pot tandem strategy for the regioselective synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted tertiary and quaternary carbon-containing 3,3′-bis(indolyl)methanes under aerobic conditions. This strategy involves the coupling of 3-arylideneindolines with indoles through a photoinduced chlorine-radical-mediated hydrogen-atom-transfer reaction. The present strategy features mild and environmentally benign reaction conditions, low cost, high yields, and tolerance of a wide range of functional groups. Furthermore, to demonstrate the synthetic value of the reaction, a naturally occurring bioactive bisindolyl(phenyl)methane was synthesized.
Characterisation of Aqueous Ultra-high Homeopathic Potencies: Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
Authors: Van Wassenhoven Michel , Goyens Martine , Dorfman Pierre , Devos Philippe , Demangeat Jean-Louis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background and Objectives Over the past decade, research using various methods has claimed the material nature, including nanoparticles (NPs), of high homeopathic potencies. The current study aims to verify these findings using NP tracking analysis (NTA).
Methods Six independent serial dilutions of commonly used homeopathic medicines—either soluble (Gelsemium, Pyrogenium, Kalium mur) or insoluble (Cuprum, Argentum, Silicea)—were prepared according to European Pharmacopoeia standards. We compared the homeopathic dynamisations (DYNs) in pure water with their potentised controls and with simple dilutions (DIL) up to 30cH/10−60. We also tested the influence of the container (glass or PET) on the solvent controls.
Results We observed the presence of particles from 20 to 300–400 nm in all DYNs, DILs and controls, except in pure unstirred water. The sizes and size distributions of NPs in high homeopathic potencies were smaller than those in controls for soluble sources and larger for insoluble sources, even above 11cH. The opposite behaviour was observed in the number of NPs. When comparing DYN and DIL, the number, size, presence of aggregates or chains and brightness of NPs increased with DYNs, which was also observed above 11cH. Many NPs scattered light of low intensity, indicating the presence of material particles. The container had a significant effect on the number and size of NPs, indicating the involvement of the atmosphere and leaching processes.
Conclusion Homeopathic medicines contain NPs with specific properties, even when diluted beyond Avogadro's number. Homeopathic potentisation is not a simple dilution. The starting material, the solvent used, the type of container and the manufacturing method influence the characteristics of these NPs. The nature of these NPs is not known, but most likely they are a mixture of nanobubbles and elements from the atmosphere and container, including insoluble ones.
Digital health in stroke: a narrative review
Authors: Silva Gisele Sampaio , Andrade João Brainer Clares de 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital health is significantly transforming stroke care, particularly in remote and economically diverse regions, by harnessing mobile and wireless technologies, big data, and artificial intelligence (AI). Despite the promising advancements, a notable gap exists in the formal clinical validation of many digital health applications, raising concerns about their efficacy and safety in real-world clinical settings. Our review systematically explores the landscape of digital health in stroke care, assessing the development, validation, and implementation of various digital tools. We adopted a comprehensive search strategy, scrutinizing peer-reviewed articles published between January 2015 and January 2024, to gather evidence on the effectiveness of digital health interventions. A rigorous quality assessment was conducted to ensure the reliability of the included studies, with findings synthesized to underscore key technological innovations and their clinical outcomes. Ethical considerations were meticulously observed to maintain data confidentiality and integrity. Our findings highlight the transformative potential of mobile health technologies, AI, and telemedicine in improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and patient outcomes in stroke care. Our paper delves into the evolution and impact of digital health in cerebrovascular prevention, diagnosis, rehabilitation and stroke treatment, emphasizing the digital health's role in enhancing access to expert care, mitigating treatment delays and improving outcomes. However, the review also underscores the critical need for rigorous clinical validation and ethical considerations in the development and deployment of digital health technologies to ensure their safe and effective integration into stroke care practices.
Comparison of MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score with Clinico-Radiological Grading
Authors: Halmandge Amul M. , Malik Rajesh , Sarawagi Radha , Sharma Jitendra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Knee joint osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most prevalent degenerative diseases of the joints in the body. Various scoring system exists for grading OA, such as (1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS), (2) clinical grading by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), and (3) X-ray grading of the Kellgren–Lawrence grading system (K-L).
Objectives To study MRI findings and MOAKS scoring of knee OA and correlation with WOMAC and K-L scoring.
Setting and Design Cross-sectional study in hospital population.
Materials and Methods A total 40 knee OA cases underwent an MRI of the knee. MOAKS scoring was done and compared with K-L grading and WOMAC scores.
Statistical Analysis Collected data were compiled systematically and interpreted using IBM SPSS statistics software 25.0. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results The mean total WOMAC score was 9. K-L grade 2 was the most prevalent X-ray grade. Bone marrow lesion (BML) and cartilage loss in MOAKS score were greater in the medial femorotibial region. A moderate positive correlation was noted between the WOMAC score and K-L grade; full-thickness articular cartilage loss score at the medial femorotibial joint (MFTJ) and WOMAC score; partial-thickness articular cartilage loss score at lateral femorotibial joint (LFTJ) and WOMAC total pain score. No correlation was found between BML and pain severity score.
Conclusion Higher WOMAC scores were associated with higher grades of K-L scoring and score of cartilage loss (partial and full thickness) of the MOAKS scoring system. The rest of the features of the MOAKS score (BML score, osteophyte, and synovitis) had no significant association with pain severity and K-L grading.
Ghost Sign on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Generated Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Map: Additional MRI Diagnostic Marker for Extremity Osteomyelitis
Authors: He Angela , Guirguis Mina , Silva Flavio Duarte , Ashikyan Oganes , Pezeshk Parham , Rajamohan Naveen , Salhadar Karim , Xi Yin , Chhabra Avneesh 
Published: August 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity and inter-reader reliability of previously known “ghost sign” and “penumbra sign” on T1-weighted (T1W) imaging and “ghost sign” on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in osteomyelitis (OM) of the extremities.
Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional retrospective study, two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal readers blinded to final diagnosis of OM versus no OM were asked to report the penumbra sign and ghost sign on T1W images and ghost sign on ADC map, as well as diagnosis of OM. Cohen's kappa was used. Diagnostic performance measures including sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated.
Results A sample of 178 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of pathology-proven cases were included in this study, with 41 being positive for OM and 137 being negative for OM. There was a fair inter-reader agreement for imaging signs, and moderate agreement of 0.60 for OM. The sensitivities of the penumbra sign on T1W imaging, ghost sign on T1W imaging, and ghost sign on ADC map for OM are 3.7, 9.8, and 19.5%, respectively, while their respective specificities are 98.9, 97.8, and 94.5%, respectively. All three imaging signs showed a similar (good) accuracy of 76 to 78%.
Conclusion The ghost sign on ADC can be used as an additional marker for OM and is a similarly highly specific but a more sensitive sign for OM than the conventionally used penumbra sign and ghost sign on T1W imaging.
Key Points
Update on the Role of Imaging in the Diagnosis, Staging, and Prognostication of Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Rana Pratyaksha , Kalage Daneshwari , Soundararajan Raghuraman , Gupta Pankaj 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with dismal prognosis. GBC is characterized by marked geographic predilection. GBC has distinct morphological types that pose unique challenges in diagnosis and differentiation from benign lesions. There are no specific clinical or serological markers of GBC. Imaging plays a key role not only in diagnosis and staging but also in prognostication. Ultrasound (US) is the initial test of choice that allows risk stratification in wall thickening and polypoidal type of gallbladder lesions. US findings guide further investigations and management. Computed tomography (CT) is the test of choice for staging GBC as it allows comprehensive evaluation of the gallbladder lesion, liver involvement, lymph nodes, peritoneum, and other distant sites for potential metastases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography allow better delineation of the biliary system involvement. Contrast-enhanced US and advanced MRI techniques including diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI are used as problem-solving tools in cases where distinction from benign lesion is challenging at US and CT. Positron emission tomography is also used in selected cases for accurate staging of the disease. In this review, we provide an up-to-date insight into the role of imaging in diagnosis, staging, and prognostication of GBC.
Development and test of the laser blow-off impurity injection system in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak
Authors: Shen Y. C. , Fan Y. , Zhang H. M. , Lyu B. , Lin Z. C. , Yin X. H. , Wang F. D. , Fu J. , Ji H. J. , Zeng C. , Sun B. , Mao L. Y. 
Published: August 2024

The Laser Blow-Off (LBO) impurity injection system is a crucial tool for studying impurity transport and plasma behavior. Conducting proactive impurity transport research is challenging on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) due to the uncontrollable generation of impurity sources; therefore, it is necessary to develop a laser blow-off impurity injection system for injecting controlled trace impurity particles. This study presents the design and test results of an LBO system for the EAST. The system aims to provide precise and repeatable control over the timing and quantity of impurity injection. The system primarily consists of a laser source, two mirrors, a moveable focusing lens, a target material, and a vacuum system. The movement of the focusing lens is achieved by a three-dimensional displacement system. The operation of the system is completed by a remote control system. With the accurate control system, the laser spot diameter is adjustable, allowing for modification of impurity injection quantity. The test results demonstrate that the system can rapidly detect external trigger signals and ensure precise timing for the impurity injection. Furthermore, this system can also quickly change the focal point of the laser spot, addressing the requirements for impurity injections during the experiments with less than 0.4 mm position error for laser spot focusing. Test results have shown that the aluminum film material can be peeled off by the LBO system when the laser energy exceeds 650 mJ and the smallest ablation spot is about 1 mm. This study is of significant importance for conducting plasma impurity transport research on the EAST.
A wall-boundary-natural transitional Reynolds-stress model for high-order wing-body simulations
Authors: Wang Shunshun , Wang Shengye , Fu Xiang , Deng Xiaogang 
Published: August 2024

The precise simulation of full-size wing-body configuration in real flight conditions is still a challenge in computational fluid dynamics in which transition and flow separation are the most crucial issues. To predict these problems robustly by high-order numerical methods, this paper proposes a new transitional Reynolds-stress model, which combines λ-scale (λ=τ8)-based SSG (Speziale, Sarkar, and Gatski)/LRR (Launder, Reece, and Rodi) model with γ−Reθt transition model. Compared with the ω-scale, the λ-scale variable has a natural boundary condition on the wall (helpful for numerical stability) and avoids an additional modification during the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. The T3 series plates with/without pressure gradient, 30P-30N multi-element airfoil, and DLR (German Aerospace Center) 6:1 prolate spheroid are carried out to validate the reliability of the new nine-equation transition model. Furthermore, the new model is applied to the analysis of National Aeronautics and Space Administration juncture flow . Numerical results show that the new transitional model has an obvious advantage in the prediction of Reynolds stresses over the traditional γ−Reθt SST(shear stress transport) k−ω (k is the turbulence kinetic energy, ω is the specific dissipation rate) model, and then, more physical junction separation as well as transition onset can be obtained.
Exploring the potential of Sn–Ge based hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites: A density functional theory based computational screening study
Authors: Tekin Adem , Kalpar Merve , Tekin Emine 
Published: August 2024

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted significant attention in the field of optoelectronics due to their exceptional photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties. Although lead (Pb)-based perovskites exhibit the highest power conversion efficiencies, concerns about their toxicity and environmental impact have prompted significant research activities to explore alternative compositions. In this regard, a special emphasis has been devoted to tin (Sn) and germanium (Ge) based perovskites. In order to reveal the full potential of Sn–Ge based perovskites, we computationally screened perovskites with a general formula of A0.5A0.5′SnyGe1−yX3 (y = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) at the density functional theory level, particularly using the HSE06 hybrid functional. By using 18 A/A′-cations, four X-anions, and five different y compositions, a total of 7695 perovskites in cubic (C), orthogonal (O), and tetragonal (T) phases were considered, and the most promising ones have been filtered out based on their formation energy and bandgap. More specifically, 596, 525, and 542 C-, O-, and T-phase perovskites have been identified with a HSE06 bandgap range of 1.0–2.0 eV. While the Sn1.00Ge0.00 composition was dominated for both C- and O-phases, for the T-phase, a higher number of promising perovskites were obtained with the Sn0.75Ge0.25 composition. It has also been found that Sn-rich perovskites exhibit more favorable bandgap characteristics compared to Ge-rich ones. FA, MS, MA, K, Cs, and Rb are the most favored A/A′-cations in these promising perovskites. Moreover, I− overwhelmingly prevails as the dominant anion. Further experimental validation may uncover the true capabilities and practical applicability of these promising perovskites.
Australian medical practitioners: trends in demographics and regions of work 2013–2022
Authors: Cortie Colin H. , Garne David , Parker-Newlyn Lyndal , Ivers Rowena G. , Mullan Judy , Mansfield Kylie J. , Bonney Andrew 
Published: August 2024

Objective This study aimed to examine changes in the demographics and regions of work of Australian doctors over a period of 9 years. Methods A retrospective study of Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) registration data was performed. Data were sourced from the Health Workforce Dataset Online Data Tool which was derived from annual registration data from AHPRA for 2013–2022. The demographic factors analysed were gender, age, and origin of qualification. Regions of work were defined using the Modified Monash (MM) model. Results The number of registered doctors increased from 82,408 in 2013 to 111,908 in 2022 but mean hours worked per week decreased from 41 to 39 leading up to 2020. Trends in age and origin of qualification remained stable, but the proportion of female workers increased from 38.5% in 2013 to 44.5% in 2022. While female hours per week (~37) were consistent from 2013 to 2020, male hours per week decreased from 43 to 41. The number of registrations and total full-time equivalent (FTE) outcomes increased consistently in metropolitan (MM1) and rural (MM2–5) regions but did not increase for remote and very remote (MM6–7) regions. Conclusion The Australian medical workforce both grew and changed between 2013 and 2022. An overall decrease in mean hours worked appears to be driven by a decline in hours worked by male workers and the increased proportion of female workers. While increased gender parity and a decrease in hours worked per week were positive outcomes, a lack of growth in the medical workforce was noted in remote and very remote regions of Australia.
Role making in translational contexts
Authors: Hohl Zürcher Franziska , Griebel Cornelia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study examines the roles of intercept interpreters/translators (IITs) in covert communication surveillance.
Despite their increasing importance in global criminal investigations, their roles remain underexplored in academic research.
Utilizing sociological theories of role taking and role making, three distinct IIT roles emerge: “distant service providers,”
“deputy police officers,” and “masters of balance.” Each role reflects unique approaches influenced by professional identity and
self-defined involvement in police investigations. At the same time, the research highlights the relevance of police trust in
IITs. According to our study, role making functions as a negotiation between all stakeholders involved, challenging dichotomous
perspectives on norms and expectations. The study advocates for a nuanced approach to IIT roles that integrates
forensic-criminalistic considerations into translation practices. It also urges criminal justice authorities to rethink
interpreting and translation methods by prioritizing meaningful translations that align with ethical standards and forensic
principles.
Real-time methods in JT/SYK holography
Authors: Arias Raúl , Botta-Cantcheff Marcelo , Martinez Pedro J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the conventional holographic recipes and its real-time extensions in the context of the correspondence between Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev quantum mechanics and JT gravity. We first observe that only closed contours are allowed to have a 2d space-time holographic dual and standard holographic formulas. Thus, in a real-time formulation of the duality, the boundaries of a classical connected geometry are a set of closed curves, parameterized by a complex time contour as in the Schwinger–Keldysh framework. In this context, a consistent extension of the standard holographic formulas can be proposed, describing the (real-time) correspondence between gravity and boundary quantum models that include averaging on the coupling constants. We investigate the proposed prescription in different AdS

1
+
1

solutions with Schwinger–Keldysh boundary condition, dual to a boundary quantum theory at finite temperature defined on a complex time contour, and consider also classical, asymptotically AdS solutions (wormholes) with two disconnected boundaries. In doing this, we revisit the so-called factorization problem, and its resolution in conventional holography by virtue of some (non-local) coupling between disconnected boundaries, and we show how in specific contexts, the averaging proposal by-passes the paradox as well, since it induces a similar effective coupling.