bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biparental Chromosome Elimination in Artificial Interspecific Hybrids of Pennisetum purpureum and Pennisetum glaucum
Authors: Andrade‐Vieira Larissa Fonseca , Barreto dos Reis Gabriela , Torres Giovana Augusta , Oliveira Ana Rafaela , Brasileiro‐Vidal Ana Christina , Pereira Antônio Vander , Davide Lisete Chamma 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis work aimed to study the dynamics of chromosome elimination from both parents in four interspecific hybrids (P1, H89, H40, and H42) originated from crosses between Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) (2n = 4x = 28) and pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] (2n = 2x = 14) after chromosome doubling. Large variation in somatic chromosome number was verified among and within hybrids. In P1 and H89, chromosome elimination was much less intense than in H40 and H42. Genomic in situ hybridization analysis revealed biparental and random elimination. The differences in chromosome number between P1–H89 and H42–H40 groups can be mainly attributed to the elimination of chromosomes from Napier grass. Higher ploidy level and homeology between genomes A and A’ are considered forces underlying the process of elimination. Effect of parental genotype is also taken into account to explain the differences in chromosome elimination. Potential of the partial hexaploid hybrids for Napier grass breeding is also discussed here.
Seasonal changes in the structure and secretory activity of the androgenic gland of Travancoriana schirnerae
Authors: Devi Arath , Smija Moorkoth 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This study investigated the seasonal variation in the structure and secretory activity of the androgenic gland (AG) in the freshwater crab: Travancoriana schirnerae. The androgenic gland is an elongate structure, attached to one side on the wall of the ejaculatory duct. Histological studies showed the presence of three cell types, which differ in size, shape of nuclei, and presence or absence of secretory vesicles. Type I cells are small with large nuclei whereas type II cells are large with small nuclei. Type III cells are intermediate in size and exhibited streak-like nuclei and transparent cytoplasm. Seasonal changes were discerned in the morphology, histology and secretory activity of the gland. March-June appeared to be the active season with type II cells containing secretory vesicles. The mode of release of secretion found to be holocrine. The secretory activity almost completed by July-August (the mating season) with vacuolization of type II cells. The gland remained inactive from September-December with abundance of vacuoles, scattered pycnotic nuclei, indistinct cell membranes and total cellular degeneration. January-February was the revival period with type I cell proliferation. The present study revealed that the secretory activity of the gland is in tune with the male reproductive cycle.
A Review on Performances of Reversible Ripple-Carry Adders
Authors: Burignat Stéphane , De Vos Alexis 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Quantum computing and circuits are of growing interest and so is reversible logic as it plays an important role in the synthesis of quantum circuits. Moreover, reversible logic provides an alternative to classical computing machines, that may overcome many of the power dissipation problems in the near future. Some ripple-carry adders based on a do-spy-undo structure have been designed and tested reversibly. This paper presents a brief overview of the performances obtained with such chips processed in standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology and used in true reversible calculation (computations are performed forwards and backwards such that addition and subtraction are made reversibly with the same chip). Adiabatic signals used are known to allow the signal energy stored on the various capacitances of the circuit to be redistributed rather than being dissipated as heat while allowing to avoid calculation errors introduced by the use of conventional rectangular pulses. Through the example of both simulations and experimental results, this paper aims at providing a base of knowledge and knowhow in physical implementation of reversible circuits.
Open-Source JTAG Simulator Bundle for Labs
Authors: Shibin Konstantin , Devadze Sergei , Rosin Vjatseslav , Jutman Artur , Ubar Raimund 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper presents a software/hardware bundle for studying, training and research related to IEEE 1149.1 Boundary Scan (BS) standard. The presented package includes a software environment Trainer 1149 that is capable to graphically visualize BS facilities and perform fine-grain simulation of BS test process. Trainer 1149 provides a cozy graphical design and simulation environment of BS-enabled chips and non-BS clusters. It provides the user with a full flexibility in working with any type of BS structures by supporting standard formats such as Boundary Scan Description Language and SVF (for defining test patterns). A special fault simulation mode allows injecting various types of interconnection faults to simulate their impact and inspect them using interactive tools. Trainer 1149 is the main component of a recent goJTAG initiative that aims at bringing JTAG tools closer to the user for both learning and experimental work purposes. The software part is implemented in multi-platform Java environment and distributed as an open-source freeware. Using a convenient low-cost USB-JTAG controller, one can also test real defects in real hardware. Such combination of features is unique for a public domain BS package.
Timing Synchronization and Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDMA/TDD Mode in Downlink of IEEE 802.16-2004
Authors: Rahbari Fahimeh , Bakhshi Hamid Reza 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Timing and frequency synchronization are the important task in receiver. This paper proposes a timing synchronization and carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) downlink in IEEE 802.16e standard. This method has high performance and estimates CFO. The proposed scheme utilizes the conjugate symmetry property of preamble structure. Simulations are conducted for AWGN and multipath channels to demonstrate the performance of the proposed timing metric. Our proposed method can achieve reasonable performance at low SNR.
On a New Approach to SNR Estimation of BPSK Signals
Authors: Moazzeni Taleb , Amei Amei , Ma Jian , Jiang Yingtao 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) information is required in many communication receivers and their proper operation is, to a large extent, related to the SNR estimation techniques they employ. Most of the available SNR estimators are based on approaches that either require large observation length or suffer from high computation complexity. In this paper, we propose a low complexity, yet accurate SNR estimation technique that is sufficient to yield meaningful estimation for short data records. It is shown that our estimator is fairly close to the (CRLB) for high SNR values. Numerical results also confirm that, in terms of convergence speed, the proposed technique outperforms the popular moment based method, M2M4
A Multichannel Receiver of the Experimental FM Based Passive Radar Using Software Defined Radio Technology
Authors: Szlachetko Bogusław , Lewandowski Andrzej 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this paper we present results of research on multichannel receiver using Software Defined Radio technology. This receiver is a part of the experimental FM based passive radar being designed. The hardware platform of the receiver consists of the Universal Software Defined Radio Peripheral devices. In the paper we propose modifications of the USRP’s FPGA configuration and GNU Radio code. These modifications allow for developing six/nine synchronous input channel receiver based on two/tree USRPs respectively. Issues of synchronization of separate USRP devices by assuring synchronous sampling were presented. We also propose the solution of the problem of the alignment of the data streams being sent from USRP devices via USB to the PC host.
Modeling the Arithmetic Decomposition of DA-LUT Block for Heterogeneous FPGA Structures
Authors: Staworko Michał , Rawski Mariusz 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Distributed arithmetic is well known technique of designing FIR filters in FPGA devices. The quality of such filter implementation strongly depends on synthesis results of the DALUT block. Heterogeneity of modern FPGA structures introduces new possibilities into implementation process, that may lead to better results, but also makes it more complicated. This paper presents the simple mathematical model for estimating the necessary FPGA resources to implement DA-LUT using decomposition-based approach. The model takes into account the type of logic cells or memory blocks used for decomposition process. The proposed model is helpful to determinate the DALUT decomposition strategy for further automation of modified distributed arithmetic decomposition method
Problem-Independent Approach to Multiprocessor Dependent Task Scheduling
Authors: Król Dawid , Zydek Dawid , Koszałka Leszek 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper concerns Directed Acyclic Graph task scheduling on parallel executors. The problem is solved using two new implementations of Tabu Search and genetic algorithm presented in the paper. A new approach to solution coding is also introduced and implemented in both metaheuristics algorithms. Results given by the algorithms are compared to those generated by greedy LPT and SS-FF algorithms; and HAR algorithm. The analysis of the obtained results of multistage simulation experiments confirms the conclusion that the proposed and implemented algorithms are characterized by very good performance and characteristics.
Modelling and Simulation of Utility Service Provision for Sustainable Communities
Authors: Strzelecka Anna , Skworcow Piotr 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Utility service provision is designed to satisfy basic human needs. The main objective of the research is to investigate mathematical methods for evaluating the feasibility of using a more efficient approach for utility services provision, compared to the current diversity of utility products delivered to households. Possibilities for alternative utility service provision that lead to more sustainable solutions include reducing the number of delivered utility products, on-site recycling and use of locally available natural resources. The core of the proposed approach is the simulation system that enables carrying out feasibility study of so-called transformation graph, which describes direct transformations and indirect transformations of the utility products into defined services. The simulation system was implemented in C# and .NET 3.5, while the XML database was implemented using eXist-db. The XML database stores information about all devices, utility products, services and technologies that can be used to define and solve services-provision problems. An example of such problem and its solution is presented in this paper. This research is a part of the All-in-One Project.
Hierarchical Configurable Petri Net Modeling in VHDL
Authors: Doligalski Michał , Adamski Marian 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The paper presents method for hierarchical configurable Petri nets description in VHDL language. Dual model is an alternative way for behavioral description of the discrete control process. Dual model consists of two correlated models: UML state machine diagram and hierarchical configurable Petri net (HCfgPN). HCfgPN are Petri nets variant with direct support of exceptions handling mechanism. Logical synthesis of dual model is realized by the description of HCfgPN model by means of hardware description language. The paper presents placesoriented method for HCfgPN description in VHDL language
New Conception of Safety Logic Microcontroller
Authors: Sałamaj Marek 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this paper a new conception of safety logic microcontroller (BML) is described, together with its physical hardware realization. The unit has various mechanisms which increase its safety and reliability, so that it can satisfy rigorous requirements of safety-critical systems. Thus, the BML unit uses some untypical and innovative technical solutions. The new approach to safety systems development allowed to propose a new conception. The paper describes also physical realization of small multiprocessor BML unit for management of decision-control systems adopted to critical usage.
Antibacterial dyeing of polyamide using turmeric as a natural dye
Authors: Mirjalili Mohammad , Karimi Loghman 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Curcuma longa rhizome (turmeric) is a medicinal plant used for fabric and food coloration. In this study, polyamide
(nylon 6.6) fabric was dyed with different mordants at various turmeric concentrations. The dyed fabric was
evaluated for bacteriostatic activity against pathogenic strains of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gramnegative
(Escherichia coli) bacteria. The relationship between bacteriostatic activity and turmeric concentration was
investigated. Durability of antibacterial activity to laundering is also discussed. Results indicate that the polyamide
dyed with turmeric displayed excellent antibacterial activity in the presence of ferric sulfate, cupric sulfate, and
potassium aluminum sulfate, and exhibited good and durable fastness properties.
The Disconnect Between Better Quality of Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis Preventive Care and Better Outcomes: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Majumdar Sumit R. , Lix Lisa M. , Morin Suzanne N. , Yogendran Marina , Metge Colleen J. , Leslie William D. 
Published: July 2013

Objective.The quality of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) care [defined by bone mineral density (BMD) testing or osteoporosis treatment] is suboptimal and has been targeted for improvement. The assumption that improvements in GIOP preventive care will lead to better outcomes has not been tested.Methods.We used linked healthcare databases to conduct a population-based study of all adults 20 years of age or older in Manitoba, Canada, who initiated longterm (> 90 days) systemic glucocorticoids (GC) between 1998 and 2008. High-quality GIOP care was defined by BMD testing or prescription osteoporosis treatment within 6 months. Outcomes were adjusted odds of major fractures within 1 year and 3 years.Results.We studied 15,285 subjects who had just begun to take GC; 5804 (38%) were 70 years of age or older, 9185 (58%) were women, and 4755 (30%) received 10 mg or more prednisone equivalents daily. Overall, 3898 (25%) subjects received a BMD test or osteoporosis treatment within 6 months. Within 1 year of starting GC, there had been 206 major fractures (1%) and within 3 years, 553 major fractures (4%). High-quality GIOP preventive care was not associated with a reduced risk of major fractures within 1 year (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.1) or within 3 years (adjusted OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6).Conclusion.Three-quarters of those initiating GC received suboptimal osteoporosis care. Conventional administrative database analyses could not demonstrate that better GIOP preventive care was associated with reductions in medically attended fractures. Clinically rich databases and different analytic techniques are needed to better evaluate the effectiveness of GIOP preventive care.
Sex and Mortality of Hospitalized Adults After Admission to an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lipes Jed , Mardini Louay , Jayaraman Dev 
Published: July 2013

Background
After admission to intensive care, women have higher mortality rates than do men. The reasons for the greater mortality in women are not fully understood.

Objective
To determine if increased mortality in women was due to delays in the recognition of critical illness or to delays in timely admission to intensive care.

Methods
A total of 241 consecutive admissions to intensive care from medical and surgical units during a 12-month period were analyzed retrospectively. Patients’ demographics, illness severity, and delay between the time the patients would have fulfilled criteria for calling a medical emergency team and consultation with and admission to intensive care were analyzed.

Results
Delay from fulfillment of criteria for calling a medical emergency team and consultation with intensive care and from consultation to admission to intensive care did not differ between sexes. Despite similar delays in admission to intensive care, women had a higher 30-day mortality than did men (44.9% vs 30.5%; P = .02). The increased mortality was more pronounced in the medical patients (53% vs 34%; P = .02). Multivariate analysis of mortality data yielded a mortality odds ratio of 0.35 (95% CI, 0.16–0.74) for men, significantly different from values for women (P = .006).

Conclusion
After admission to intensive care from medical or surgical units, women had higher mortality rates than did men, and the difference was more pronounced in medical patients. The difference in mortality between sexes was not explained by delayed recognition of critical illness or delayed admission to intensive care.
Physiological Responses to Passive Exercise in Adults Receiving Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Amidei Christina , Sole Mary Lou 
Published: July 2013

Background
Critical illness may weaken muscles, with long-term consequences.

Objective
To assess physiological responses to an early standardized passive exercise protocol to prevent muscle weakness in adults receiving mechanical ventilation.

Methods
A quasi-experimental within-subjects repeated-measures design was used. Within 72 hours of intubation, 30 patients had 20 minutes of bilateral passive leg movement delivered by continuous-passive-motion machines at a standardized rate and flexion-extension. Heart rate, mean blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and cytokine levels were measured before, during, and after the intervention. The Behavioral Pain Scale was used to measure patients’ comfort. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the effect of the exercise on independent variables.

Results
Patients were mostly white men with a mean age of 56.5 years (SD, 16.9) with moderate mortality risk and illness severity. Heart rate, mean blood pressure, and oxygen saturation did not differ from baseline at any time measured. Pain scores were significantly reduced (F2.43,70.42 = 4.08; P = .02) 5 and 10 minutes after exercise started and remained reduced at the end of exercise and 1 hour later. Interleukin 6 levels were significantly reduced (F1.60,43.1 = 4.35; P = .03) at the end of exercise but not after the final rest period. Interleukin 10 levels did not differ significantly. Ratios of interleukin 6 to interleukin 10 decreased significantly (F1.61,43.38 = 3.42; P = .05) at the end of exercise and again after 60 minutes’ rest.

Conclusion
The exercise was well tolerated, and comfort improved during and after the intervention. Cytokine levels provided physiological rationale for benefits of early exercise.
Interventions for Learning Disabled Sex Offenders
Authors: Ashman Lorraine , Duggan Lorna 
Published: July 2013

The aim of this Campbell systematic review is to assess the efficacy of interventions with learning disabled sex offenders.Sex offending is of increasing public concern with calls for longer terms of imprisonment and closer supervision of such offenders in the community. Currently a variety of treatment approaches are used including medication and talking therapies, though little is known about their success rates.The small group of sex offenders with learning disabilities pose a particular challenge as talking therapies need to be modified to account for the offender's limited understanding. We could find no randomised controlled trial evidence to guide us in the treatment of learning disabled sex offenders.SynopsisSex offending is of increasing public concern with calls for longer terms of imprisonment and closer supervision of such offenders in the community. Currently a variety of treatment approaches are used including medication and talking therapies, though little is known about their success rates. The small group of sex offenders with learning disabilities pose a particular challenge as talking therapies need to be modified to account for the offender's limited understanding. We could find no randomised controlled trial evidence to guide us in the treatment of learning disabled sex offenders.AbstractBackgroundThe management of sex offenders is a major public concern. Behavioural and pharmacological interventions have been used for many years and more recently cognitive behavioural based interventions have become popular around the world. Programmes designed for the general population have been modified for those sex offenders with learning disability, to address their cognitive deficits. The efficacy of these modified programmes is unclear.ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy of interventions with learning disabled sex offenders. Search strategyThe reviewers searched electronically EMBASE, PsycINFO, Medline, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, SPECTR, National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information and National Criminal Justice Reference Service and Biological Abstracts.Selection criteriaAll randomised controlled trials comparing an intervention for learning disabled sex offenders to any other, or no intervention.Data collection & analysisData were independently extracted.Main resultsNo randomised controlled trial was identified.Reviewers’ conclusionsUsing the methods described the reviewers found no randomised controlled trial evidence to guide the use of interventions for learning disabled sex offenders. Until the urgent need for randomised controlled trials is met, clinical practice will continue to be guided by either extrapolation of evidence from randomised controlled trials involving sex offenders without learning disability or non‐randomised trial evidence of interventions for the learning disabled sex offender.
The Effectiveness of Incarceration‐Based Drug Treatment on Criminal Behavior*
Authors: Mitchell Ojmarrh , Wilson David B. , MacKenzie Doris L. ,   Submitted to the Campbell Collaboration, Criminal Justice Review Group
Published: July 2013

This Campbell Review evaluates the effects of four different approaches to drug abuse treatment for incarcerated offenders in relation to criminal behaviour and relapse into drug abuse. It also examines what characterises the effective programmes.The findings of this research review are based on a meta‐analysis of 66 independent assessments. These are part of 53 studies which include more than 165,000 offenders (one assessment included more than 95,000 offenders). 58 studies were carried out in the USA, three in Australia, three in Canada, one in Taiwan and one in the UK.The treatment of incarcerated drug abusers can reduce recidivism by up to 20% . However, there are major differences in how the various types of treatment work, both with regard to avoiding relapse into crime and continued drug abuse. Therapeutic communities have a positive effect on both criminal behaviour and drug abuse. Counselling programmes only reduce recidivism, but do not appear to be equally effective for all types of offenders. Other types of treatment – narcotic maintenance programmes (e.g. methadone treatment) and boot camps – do not appear to reduce recidivism.This research review emphasises the need for more insight into which specific parts of a treatment programme are the most important. It is the conclusion of this review that future research should be based on the application of the strictest requirements for the chosen assessment design.