bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Körperliche Aktivität von Kindern in KiTas mit und ohne Bewegungskonzept – eine Mixed-Methods-Studie
Authors: Sterdt Elena , Pape Natalie , Kramer Silke , Urban Michael , Werning Rolf , Walter Ulla 
Published: April 2013

Einleitung
Die dreiphasige Studie basiert auf einem Mixed-Methods-Design aus quantitativen und qualitativen Methoden. In Forschungsphase I wurde eine Bestandserhebung der pädagogischen Konzepte aller KiTas (N = 4.114) in Niedersachsen durchgeführt. In Forschungsphase II erfolgte eine Befragung von Kindern und Eltern zur Ermittlung der Effekte einer systematischen Bewegungsförderung in Kitas sowie familiäre Einflüsse auf die körperliche Aktivität von Kindern (Alter: 5-6 Jahre). Die Forschungsphase III vertiefte die quantitativen Erhebungsphasen mit der fokussierten Ethnographie.
Somatosensory and trophic findings in the referred pain area in patients with kidney stone disease
Authors: Pedersen Katja Venborg , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Graumann Ole , Osther Susanne Sloth , Olesen Anne Estrup , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Sloth Osther Palle Jørn 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background and purpose
Visceral and somatic afferents activate the same neuronal structures in the central nervous system. Assessing somatosensory function and trophic changes in the referred pain area may therefore indirectly increase information on mechanisms involved in painful visceral diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory and trophic changes in the flank corresponding to the referred pain area in patients with kidney stone disease.

Methods
A total of 24 patients with unilateral pain-causing kidney stone disease were studied before and after endoscopic percutaneous kidney stone surgery. Trophic changes and sensitivity on the affected and on the contra-lateral side in the pain free period were investigated. For this purpose we used standardized experimental sensory testing including pressure stimulation and electrical (single and repeated) skin stimulation. Five repeated stimuli were used to investigate temporal summation (increased responses to repeated stimuli). To investigate trophic changes ultrasound as well as CT-scan was used, since the latter is considered more precise for exact tissue layer measurements.

Results
The pain tolerance thresholds to pressure and pain thresholds to electrical stimulation were not significantly different on the two sides (all P>0.1). After surgery no significant alterations in sensitivity were detected, but there was a tendency to higher pain thresholds to electrical stimuli on the affected side (single stimuli P=0.06; repeated stimuli P=0.09). No trophic changes were observed (all P>0.3), and there were no relations between the pain thresholds or trophic findings and the number of colics (all P >0.08).

Conclusion
In patients with unilateral pain-causing kidney stone disease the pain to experimental pressure and electrical stimuli were comparable on the affected and contra-lateral side. For the first time a CT-scan was used to evaluate tissue thickness in the referred pain area. No trophic changes were seen in the muscle or subcutaneous tissue at the affected side, and there were no correlations between the pain thresholds or trophic findings and the patients history of number of colics. After the operation no significant alterations in sensitivity were detected.

Implications
This study could not confirm previous studies showing referred hyperalgesia in the skin and trophic changes in the referred pain area to painful visceral disease. Differences in the pain intensity/duration between different diseases and hence the corresponding central neuronal changes may explain the negative findings in the present study.
IRRIGATION, SPACING AND CULTIVAR EFFECTS ON NET PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE, DRY MATTER PARTITIONING AND PRODUCTIVITY OF RICE UNDER SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION IN MOLLISOLS OF NORTHERN INDIA
Authors: DASS ANCHAL , CHANDRA SUBHASH 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted on a Typic Hapludoll (Mollisols) soil in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India during the 2008 and 2009 rainy seasons to (1) find out the effect of irrigation schedules and plant spacing on physiological parameters, yield and water productivity of two rice cultivars under System of Rice Intensification (SRI), and (2) compare the performance of SRI with conventional transplanting (CT). Treatments under SRI included 12 combinations of three irrigation schedules,viz.irrigation at 1, 3 and 5 day(s) after disappearance of ponded water (DADPW), two spacing intervals (20 × 20 cm and 25 × 25 cm) and two cultivars (‘Pant Dhan 4’ and ‘Hybrid 6444’). The two control treatments were the CT of each cultivar. The experiment was set in a factorial randomized complete block design replicated thrice. The net photosynthetic rate (NPR) of the topmost fully expanded leaf at tillering and that of flag-leaf at flowering stage was affected significantly by irrigation schedules. Irrigating rice crop at 1 or 3 DADPW, being at par with each other, recorded significantly higher NPR than 5 DADPW. The increase in NPR at 1 and 3 DADPW was 17.1% and 8.4% at tillering and 13.6% and 6.1% at flowering stage, respectively, compared with that at 5 DADPW (tillering: 12.78 μmol CO2m−2S−1, flowering: 16.01 μmol CO2m‑2S−1). At closer spacing (20 × 20 cm) the cultivars did not differ significantly for NPR; however, at wider spacing (25 × 25 cm), ‘Hybrid 6444’ showed significantly higher NPR than ‘Pant Dhan 4’. Between two methods, SRI recoded higher NPR. Dry matter accumulation (DMA) in leaves and grains declined with delay in irrigation from 1 to 5 DADPW. Wider spacing significantly enhanced DMA in stems and grains. ‘Hybrid 6444’ showed higher DMA in all plant parts than ‘Pant Dhan 4’. Grain yield was not affected significantly by irrigation schedules in 2008, while in 2009, irrigation at 1 and 3 DADPW resulted in 12.8% and 8.0% higher grain yield, respectively, than 5 DADPW (5.84 t ha−1). Wider spacing was superior to closer spacing. SRI improved grain yield by 16.9% and water productivity by 18.5% over CT.
Intra-operative application of confocal endomicroscopy using a rigid endoscope
Authors: Just T , Pau H W 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:To introduce the application of confocal endomicroscopy during microlaryngoscopy, to enable intra-operative evaluation of human laryngeal epithelium.Methods:A rigid endoscope was connected to the scanner head of a Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II confocal laser scanning system via an adapter. The endoscope was gently placed on the surface of a vocal fold through a laryngoscope during microlaryngoscopy.Results:The application of confocal endomicroscopy using a rigid endoscope enabled technical improvements (i.e. improved image quality, automatic volume scan, and reduced tissue pressure due to the presence of a perforation plate with central hole at the end of the endoscope) which permitted greater sensitivity and improved handling. Confocal endomicroscopy provided good quality,in vivo, en-face images and enabled an assessment of laryngeal epithelium volume.Conclusion:This method enables the surgeon to monitor epithelial changes in pre-malignant lesions. The combination of confocal endomicroscopy together with optical coherence tomography (as a complementary technique that provides optical cross-sections) should be further explored in a formal clinicopathological study.
Altered top-down and bottom-up processing of fear conditioning in panic disorder with agoraphobia
Authors: Lueken U. , Straube B. , Reinhardt I. , Maslowski N. I. , Wittchen H.-U. , Ströhle A. , Wittmann A. , Pfleiderer B. , Konrad C. , Ewert A. , Uhlmann C. , Arolt V. , Jansen A. , Kircher T. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundAlthough several neurophysiological models have been proposed for panic disorder with agoraphobia (PD/AG), there is limited evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on key neural networks in PD/AG. Fear conditioning has been proposed to represent a central pathway for the development and maintenance of this disorder; however, its neural substrates remain elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the neural correlates of fear conditioning in PD/AG patients.MethodThe blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response was measured using fMRI during a fear conditioning task. Indicators of differential conditioning, simple conditioning and safety signal processing were investigated in 60 PD/AG patients and 60 matched healthy controls.ResultsDifferential conditioning was associated with enhanced activation of the bilateral dorsal inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) whereas simple conditioning and safety signal processing were related to increased midbrain activation in PD/AG patients versus controls. Anxiety sensitivity was associated positively with the magnitude of midbrain activation.ConclusionsThe results suggest changes in top-down and bottom-up processes during fear conditioning in PD/AG that can be interpreted within a neural framework of defensive reactions mediating threat through distal (forebrain) versus proximal (midbrain) brain structures. Evidence is accumulating that this network plays a key role in the aetiopathogenesis of panic disorder.
Environmental influences on familial resemblance for drug abuse in first-cousin pairs: a Swedish national study
Authors: Kendler K. S. , Ohlsson H. , Sundquist K. , Sundquist J. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundUsing three independent methods, prior studies in Swedish sibling pairs indicate that environmental factors contribute substantially to familial aggregation for drug abuse (DA). Could we replicate these results in cousin pairs?MethodUsing multiple Swedish public databases (1964–2011), we defined DA using medical, legal or pharmacy registry records and examined concordance in full cousin pairs as a function of age differences, younger–older relationships and geographical proximity while growing up.ResultsReplicating prior results in siblings, cousin pairs were significantly more similar in their history of DA if they were (i) closer versus more distant in age and (ii) grew up in high versus low geographical proximity to one another. Furthermore, controlling for background factors, having an older cousin with DA conveys a greater risk for DA than having a younger drug-abusing cousin. The greater transmission of DA from older to younger versus younger to older cousin was more prominent in pairs who grew up close to one another. In age difference and geographical proximity analyses, effects were consistently strongest in male–male cousin pairs. In analyses of older → younger versus younger → older transmission, effects were stronger in male–male and male–female than in female–female or female–male relative pairs.ConclusionsIn accord with prior results in siblings, environmental factors contribute substantially to the familial aggregation of DA in cousins and these effects are, in general, stronger in males than in females.
Cyclic pursuit in a multi-agent robotic system with double-integrator dynamics under linear interactions
Authors: Sharma Balaji R. , Ramakrishnan Subramanian , Kumar Manish 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYWe investigate the controlled realization of a stable circular pursuit model in a multi-agent robotic system described by double-integrator dynamics with homogeneous controller gains. The dynamic convergence of the system starting from a randomly chosen, non-overlapping initial configuration to a sustained, stable pursuit configuration satisfying velocity matching and uniform inter-agent separation is demonstrated using the proposed control framework. The cyclic pursuit configuration emerges from local, linear, inter-agent interactions and is shown to be robust under stochastic perturbations of small and moderate intensities. The stability criterion discussed in this work is independent of the number of agents, permitting dynamic addition/deletion of agents without affecting overall system stability. Experimental results that validate the key theoretical results are also presented. Potential applications of the results obtained include cooperative perimeter tracking and resource distribution applications such as border patrol and wildfire monitoring.
Loss of melanoregulin (MREG) enhances cathepsin-D secretion by the retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: FROST LAURA S. , LOPES VANDA S. , STEFANO FRANK P. , BRAGIN ALVINA , WILLIAMS DAVID S. , MITCHELL CLAIRE H. , BOESZE-BATTAGLIA KATHLEEN 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCathepsin-D (Cat-D) is a major proteolytic enzyme in phagocytic cells. In the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), it is responsible for the daily degradation of photoreceptor outer segments (POSs) to maintain retinal homeostasis. Melanoregulin (MREG)-mediated loss of phagocytic capacity has been linked to diminished intracellular Cat-D activity. Here, we demonstrate that loss of MREG enhances the secretion of intermediate Cat-D (48 kDa), resulting in a net enhancement of extracellular Cat-D activity. These results suggest that MREG is required to maintain Cat-D homeostasis in the RPE and likely plays a protective role in retinal health. In this regard, in theMregdsu/dsumouse, we observe increased basal laminin. Loss of theMregdsuallele is not lethal and therefore leads to slow age-dependent changes in the RPE. Thus, we propose that this model will allow us to study potential dysregulatory functions of Cat-D in retinal disease.
Variation in applicator positions during interfraction high-dose rate brachytherapy in carcinoma cervix: dosimetric evaluation
Authors: Passi Kamlesh , Aggarwal Lalit M. , Vashistha Rajesh , Singh Bikramjit , Kaur Parveen , Gupta Sureshchandra J. , Kehwar Than S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurposeThis study was designed to study the variations in different geometrical and dosimetric parameters.Materials and methodsIn this study, two groups comprises 21 and 28 patients, who were treated with 9·5 Gy × 2 Fx and 7·5 Gy × 3 Fx, respectively, using microselectron high-dose rate (HDR) remote control unit. All patients were analysed using orthogonal radiographs to evaluate variations in different parameters.ResultsVariations in different parameters are more in Group II patients than in Group I patients, which show that the variation in geometrical and dosimetrical parameters increases with increasing HDR number of fractions.ConclusionIn the reporting of an outcome of multiple fractionation of HDR treatments resultant dosimetric parameters must be evaluated and must be used for clinical interpretation.
Secularism, Religion, and Political Choice in the United States
Authors: Beard T. Randolph , Ekelund Robert B. , Ford George S. , Gaskins Ben , Tollison Robert D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe effect of religion on political behavior and attachment has been a topic of intense interest in the United States and elsewhere. Less attention has been paid to the issue of secularism. Some analysts have viewed secularism as anabsenceof religious attachment, and a number of studies have utilized indices of secularization to analyze such topics as economic development or modernization. In this article, we show that secularism, like religion, is in fact a multifaceted category, and should not be viewed as the antithesis of religiosity. Utilizing a very large sample of United States adults, we apply factor analysis to demonstrate that secularism is composed of two logically separate components, and we use these results to examine the role of secularism in political attachments. We suggest thatReligious SecularismandSocial Secularismare different motivations and have different effects on political behavior and that, politically, the marginal effects of Social Secularism are larger than Religious Secularism in all cases.
0.7–1.8 GHz multiband digital polar transmitter using watt-class current-mode class-D CMOS power amplifier and digital envelope modulation technique for reduced spurious emissions
Authors: Nakatani Toshifumi , Kimball Donald F. , Larson Lawrence E. , Asbeck Peter M. 
Published: April 2013

A polar transmitter driven by digital input signals for envelope and phase is demonstrated, using a band-switching output resonator to achieve multiband operation. A new digital pulse width modulation algorithm is also shown to partially suppress spurious signals associated with the digital input envelope signal. The transmitter consists of a current-mode class-D (CMCD) CMOS power amplifier (PA), together with a buck converter with a dead-time generator for improved efficiency. The CMCD PA is tuned by band-switching capacitors that can handle up to 9 V, and is measured to have approximately 30 dBm output power with 31–35% drain efficiency under single-tone testing. The proposed spurious signal reduction technique works to partially suppress quantization noise without increasing power consumption. Overall efficiencies of 27.1/25.6% are obtained at 30.2/28.9 dBm continuous wave (CW) output powers and 0.85/1.75 GHz carrier frequencies, respectively. Spur suppression of 9–10 dB peak is achieved when the proposed algorithm is applied with wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) modulation.
Phosphorylation of the guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor CalDAG-GEFI by protein kinase A regulates Ca2+-dependent activation of platelet Rap1b GTPase
Authors: Guidetti Gianni Francesco , Manganaro Daria , Consonni Alessandra , Canobbio Ilaria , Balduini Cesare , Torti Mauro 
Published: April 2013

In blood platelets the small GTPase Rap1b is activated by cytosolic Ca2+ and promotes integrin αIIbβ3 inside-out activation and platelet aggregation. cAMP is the major inhibitor of platelet function and antagonizes Rap1b stimulation through a mechanism that remains unclear. In the present study we demonstrate that the Ca2+-dependent exchange factor for Rap1b, CalDAG-GEFI (calcium and diacylglycerol-regulated guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor I), is a novel substrate for the cAMP-activated PKA (protein kinase A). CalDAG-GEFI phosphorylation occurred in intact platelets treated with the cAMP-increasing agent forskolin and was inhibited by the PKA inhibitor H89. Purified recombinant CalDAG-GEFI was also phosphorylated in vitro by the PKA catalytic subunit. By screening a panel of specific serine to alanine residue mutants, we identified Ser116 and Ser586 as PKA phosphorylation sites in CalDAG-GEFI. In transfected HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells, as well as in platelets, forskolin-induced phosphorylation of CalDAG-GEFI prevented the activation of Rap1b induced by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. In platelets this effect was associated with the inhibition of aggregation. Moreover, cAMP-mediated inhibition of Rap1b was lost in HEK-293 cells transfected with a double mutant of CalDAG-GEFI unable to be phosphorylated by PKA. The results of the present study demonstrate that phosphorylation of CalDAG-GEFI by PKA affects its activity and represents a novel mechanism for cAMP-mediated inhibition of Rap1b in platelets.
Genomic rearrangements and the evolution of clusters of locally adaptive loci
Authors: Yeaman Sam 
Published: April 2013

Significance
Genome scans often find that the loci involved in local adaptation tend to cluster together on chromosomes. A leading explanation suggests that clusters evolve because the probability of a new mutation establishing is higher when occurring near another locally adapted mutation, because such architectures are seldom disrupted by recombination. I show that this theory is unlikely to explain empirically observed clusters. Instead, simulations show that clusters are more likely to form through genomic rearrangements that bring coadapted loci close together. This suggests that ecological selection may play an important role in shaping genome architecture, in contrast to many nonadaptive explanations.
Mendel: the Swiss army knife of genetic analysis programs
Authors: Lange Kenneth , Papp Jeanette C. , Sinsheimer Janet S. , Sripracha Ram , Zhou Hua , Sobel Eric M. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Summary: Mendel is one of the few statistical genetics packages that provide a full spectrum of gene mapping methods, ranging from parametric linkage in large pedigrees to genome-wide association with rare variants. Our latest additions to Mendel anticipate and respond to the needs of the genetics community. Compared with earlier versions, Mendel is faster and easier to use and has a wider range of applications. Supported platforms include Linux, MacOS and Windows.
Availability: Free from www.genetics.ucla.edu/software/mendel
Contact: klange@ucla.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
La ‘Mort de l'auteur’ dans l'écriture autobiographique romantique: à propos du ‘jeune’ François-René de Chateaubriand (R
ené
) et d’Alfred de Musset
(La Confession d'un enfant du siècle)
Authors: Meier Franziska 
Published: April 2013

Résumé

Dans leurs réflexions sur la ‘mort de l'auteur’ et sur l'émergence contemporaine de l'écriture moderne, ni Roland Barthes ni Michel Foucault ne définissent précisément quand et comment ce changement a eu lieu. Leurs allusions fréquentes à Flaubert et Mallarmé laissent, pourtant, deviner que la deuxième moitié du dix-neuvième siècle pourrait en être considérée comme le point de départ. Cet article, en revanche, envisage de montrer que la ‘mort de l'auteur’ ainsi que l'émergence de l'écriture moderne remontent à la période post-révolutionnaire du romantisme. Certes, Chateaubriand aussi bien que Musset n'abandonnent pas encore les concepts traditionnels consistant à penser la figure de l'auteur et la littérature comme une fin en soi pour surmonter la mort, mais tous les deux sont amenés peu à peu à reconnaître que la représentation du ‘je’ dépend de son auto-distanciation traumatisante, voire qu'elle la requiert comme condition désormais inéluctable. Par le biais d'une micro-lecture de deux textes canoniques du romantisme français,
René
de Chateaubriand et
La Confession d'un enfant du siècle
d'Alfred de Musset, l'article met en évidence de quelle façon les deux romans écrits à la première personne, proches du genre autobiographique, sont forcés de mettre en scène le paradoxe d'une mort fictive du ‘je’ racontant afin de maintenir l'autorité de ce ‘je’ et de contenir les effets inattendus d'une écriture qui ne se réfère qu'à elle-même.