bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐pot synthesis of self‐stabilized and carboxyl‐functionalized fluorescent poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres covalently dyed with tris(8‐hydroquinolinato)aluminium by dispersion polymerization
Authors: Wang Biyun , Lu Jiang , Liang Hui , Feng Hao , Hu Lifen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with fluorescent monomer tris[2‐((8‐hydroxyquinolin‐5‐yl)methoxy)ethyl methacrylate]aluminium (Al‐HQHEMA) was investigated to obtain fluorescent microspheres under varying conditions (such as composition of dispersion medium, and content of stabilizer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Al‐HQHEMA) in methanol–water at 70 °C with 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile as the initiator. Fluorescent microspheres with particle size of 2.039 µm and uniformity of 0.171 were obtained under the following conditions: methanol–water, 7:3 (v/v); PVP, 15 wt% of MMA; Al‐HQHEMA solution, 1.5 mL. Maleic monoester of monomethoxyl poly(ethylene glycol) (Mal‐MPEG) was used as a comonomer to simultaneously incorporate carboxyl groups and PEG chains. With Mal‐MPEG, no aggregation was observed in the measurements of particle size and size distribution for the obtained microspheres after cleaning off PVP, indicating that self‐stabilized fluorescent microspheres were obtained. While without Mal‐MPEG, obvious aggregation was observed. The determination of surface carboxyl content using aqueous acid–base titration showed that most of the carboxyl groups of Mal‐MPEG were located on the surface of the microspheres. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Microarray‐based identification of human antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus antigens
Authors: Kloppot Peggy , Selle Martina , Kohler Christian , Stentzel Sebastian , Fuchs Stephan , Liebscher Volkmar , Müller Elke , Kale Devika , Ohlsen Knut , Bröker Barbara M. , Zipfel Peter F. , Kahl Barbara C. , Ehricht Ralf , Hecker Michael , Engelmann Susanne 
Published: February 2015

PurposeThe mortality rate of patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections is alarming and urgently demands new strategies to attenuate the course of these infections or to detect them at earlier stages.Experimental designTo study the adaptive immune response to S. aureus antigens in healthy human volunteers, a protein microarray containing 44 S. aureus proteins was developed using the ArrayStrip platform technology.ResultsTesting plasma samples from 15 S. aureus carriers and 15 noncarriers 21 immunogenic S. aureus antigens have been identified. Seven antigens were recognized by antibodies present in at least 60% of the samples, representing the core S. aureus immunome of healthy individuals. S. aureus‐specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were significantly lower in noncarriers than in carriers specifically anti‐IsaA, anti‐SACOL0479, and anti‐SACOL0480 IgGs were found at lower frequencies and quantities. Twenty‐two antigens present on the microarray were encoded by all S. aureus carrier isolates. Nevertheless, the immune system of the carriers was responsive to only eight of them and with different intensities.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe established protein microarray allows a broad profiling of the S. aureus‐specific antibody response and can be used to identify S. aureus antigens that might serve as vaccines or diagnostic markers.
Development and evaluation of a multiplexed mass spectrometry based assay for measuring candidate peptide biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) CSF
Authors: Spellman Daniel S. , Wildsmith Kristin R. , Honigberg Lee A. , Tuefferd Marianne , Baker David , Raghavan Nandini , Nairn Angus C. , Croteau Pascal , Schirm Michael , Allard Rene , Lamontagne Julie , Chelsky Daniel , Hoffmann Steven , Potter William Z. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2015

PurposeWe describe the outcome of the Biomarkers Consortium CSF Proteomics Project (where CSF is cerebral spinal fluid), a public–private partnership of government, academia, nonprofit, and industry. The goal of this study was to evaluate a multiplexed MS‐based approach for the qualification of candidate Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers using CSF samples from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative.Experimental designReproducibility of sample processing, analytic variability, and ability to detect a variety of analytes of interest were thoroughly investigated. Multiple approaches to statistical analyses assessed whether panel analytes were associated with baseline pathology (mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD) versus healthy controls or associated with progression for MCI patients, and included (i) univariate association analyses, (ii) univariate prediction models, (iii) exploratory multivariate analyses, and (iv) supervised multivariate analysis.ResultsA robust targeted MS‐based approach for the qualification of candidate AD biomarkers was developed. The results identified several peptides with potential diagnostic or predictive utility, with the most significant differences observed for the following peptides for differentiating (including peptides from hemoglobin A, hemoglobin B, and superoxide dismutase) or predicting (including peptides from neuronal pentraxin‐2, neurosecretory protein VGF (VGF), and secretogranin‐2) progression versus nonprogression from MCI to AD.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThese data provide potential insights into the biology of CSF in AD and MCI progression and provide a novel tool for AD researchers and clinicians working to improve diagnostic accuracy, evaluation of treatment efficacy, and early diagnosis.
Leucine‐rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP) as a surface primer for biomimetic remineralization of superficial enamel defects: An in vitro study
Authors: Shafiei Farhad , Hossein Bagheri G. , Farajollahi Mohammad M. , Fathollah Moztarzadeh , Marjan Behroozibakhsh , Tahereh Jafarzadeh Kashi 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis study was carried out to obtain more information about the assembly of hydroxyapatite bundles formed in the presence of Leucine‐Rich Amelogenin Peptide (LRAP) and to evaluate its effect on the remineralization of enamel defects through a biomimetic approach. One or 2 mg/mL LRAP solutions containing 2.5 mM of Ca+2 and 1.5 mM phosphate were prepared (pH = 7.2) and stored at 37 °C for 24 h. The products of the reaction were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Vickers surface microhardness recovery (SMR%) of acid‐etched bovine enamel, with or without LRAP surface treatment, were calculated to evaluate the influence of peptide on the lesion remineralization. Distilled water and 1 or 2 mg/mL LRAP solution (pH = 7.2) were applied on the lesions and the specimens were incubated in mineralization solution (2.5mM Ca+2, 1.5mM PO4−3, pH = 7.2) for 24 h. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey's multi‐comparison tests were used for statistical analysis. The pattern of enamel surface repair was studied using FE‐SEM. AFM showed the formation of highly organized hierarchical structures, composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, similar to the dental enamel microstructure. ANOVA procedure showed significant effect of peptide treatment on the calculated SMR% (p < 0.001). Tukey's test revealed that peptide treated groups had significantly higher values of SMR%. In conclusion, LRAP is able to regulate the formation of HA and enhances the remineralization of acid‐etched enamel as a surface treatment agent. SCANNING 37:179–185, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Solomon technique with selective laser ablation for twin–twin transfusion syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Dhillon R. K. , Hillman S. C. , Pounds R. , Morris R. K. , Kilby M. D. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the Solomon and selective techniques for fetoscopic laser ablation (FLA) for the treatment of twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in monochorionic–diamniotic twin pregnancies.MethodsThis was a systematic review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Electronic searches were performed for relevant citations published from inception to September 2014. Selected studies included pregnancies undergoing FLA for TTTS that reported on recurrence of TTTS, occurrence of twin anemia–polycythemia sequence (TAPS) or survival.ResultsFrom 270 possible citations, three studies were included, two cohort studies and one randomized controlled trial (RCT), which directly compared the Solomon and selective techniques for FLA. The odds ratios (OR) of recurrent TTTS when using the Solomon vs the selective technique in the two cohort studies (n = 249) were 0.30 (95% CI, 0.00–4.46) and 0.45 (95% CI, 0.07–2.20). The RCT (n = 274) demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in risk of recurrent TTTS with the Solomon technique (OR, 0.21 (95% CI, 0.04–0.98); P = 0.03). The ORs for the development of TAPS following the Solomon and the selective techniques were 0.20 (95% CI, 0.00–2.46) and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.05–5.53) in the cohort studies and 0.16 (95% CI, 0.05–0.49) in the RCT, with statistically significant differences for the RCT only (P < 0.001). Observational evidence suggested overall better survival with the Solomon technique, which was statistically significant for survival of at least one twin. The RCT did not demonstrate a significant difference in survival between the two techniques, most probably owing to the small sample size and lack of power.ConclusionThis systematic review of observational, comparative cohort and RCT data suggests a trend towards a reduction in TAPS and recurrent TTTS and an increase in twin survival, with no increase in the occurrence of complications or adverse events, when using the Solomon compared to the selective technique for the treatment of TTTS. These findings need to be confirmed by an appropriately‐powered RCT with long‐term neurological follow‐up. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Serum soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 in the three trimesters of pregnancy: effects of maternal characteristics and medical history
Authors: Tsiakkas A. , Duvdevani N. , Wright A. , Wright D. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo define the contribution of maternal variables which influence the measured level of maternal serum soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) in screening for pregnancy complications.MethodsMaternal characteristics and medical history were recorded and serum sFlt‐1 was measured in women with a singleton pregnancy attending for three routine hospital visits at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6, 19 + 0 to 24 + 6 and 30 + 0 to 34 + 6 or 35 + 0 to 37 + 6 weeks' gestation. For pregnancies delivering phenotypically normal live births or stillbirths ≥ 24 weeks' gestation, variables from maternal demographic characteristics and medical history that are important in the prediction of sFlt‐1 were determined from a linear mixed‐effects multiple regression.ResultsSerum sFlt‐1 was measured in 7066 cases in the first trimester, 8078 in the second trimester and 10 464 in the third trimester. Significant independent contributions to serum sFlt‐1 were provided by gestational age, maternal weight, racial origin, cigarette smoking, birth‐weight Z‐score of the neonate in the previous pregnancy and interpregnancy interval. Random‐effects multiple regression analysis was used to define the contribution of maternal variables that influence the measured level of serum sFlt‐1 and express the values as multiples of the median (MoMs). The model was shown to provide an adequate fit of MoM values for all covariates, both in pregnancies that developed pre‐eclampsia and in those without this pregnancy complication.ConclusionsA model was fitted to express measured serum sFlt‐1 across the three trimesters of pregnancy as MoMs, after adjusting for variables from maternal characteristics and medical history that affect this measurement. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Umbilical and fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler at 30–34 weeks' gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome
Authors: Bakalis S. , Akolekar R. , Gallo D. M. , Poon L. C. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the potential value of cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) at 30–34 weeks' gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.MethodsThis was a screening study in 30 780 singleton pregnancies at 30–34 weeks' gestation. Umbilical artery (UA) and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI) were measured and the values were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) after adjustment from variables in maternal characteristics and medical history that affect the measurements. CPR was calculated by dividing MCA‐PI MoM by UA‐PI MoM. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine if measuring CPR improved the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome provided by screening with maternal characteristics, medical history and obstetric factors. The detection rate (DR) and false‐positive rate (FPR) of screening by CPR were estimated for stillbirth, Cesarean section for fetal distress, umbilical arterial cord blood pH ≤ 7.0, umbilical venous cord blood pH ≤ 7.1, 5‐min Apgar score < 7 and admission to the neonatal unit (NNU) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).ResultsThere was a significant association between CPR and birth‐weight Z‐score. In addition to maternal characteristics, medical history and obstetric factors, measuring CPR provided a significant contribution to the prediction of arterial cord blood pH ≤ 7.0, venous cord blood pH ≤ 7.1 and admission to NNU. The performance of CPR in screening for each adverse outcome was poor, with DR of 5–11% and a FPR of about 5%. In the small subgroup of the population delivering within 2 weeks following assessment, the DR improved to 20–50%, but with a simultaneous increase in FPR to 10–23%.ConclusionThe performance of CPR in routine screening for adverse perinatal outcome at 30–34 weeks' gestation is poor. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The estimation of grizzly bear density through hair‐snagging techniques above the tree line
Authors: Dumond Mathieu , Boulanger John , Paetkau David 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAssessing grizzly bears' (Ursus arctos) abundance in the Arctic has been challenging because of the large scale of their movements and the remoteness of field locations. We modified a post sampling method used for wolverines (Gulo gulo) to allow collection of hair samples from grizzly bears in the Canadian tundra. We deployed 1 post/cell in a sampling grid of 393 10 × 10‐km cells sampled in 2008 and 2009 for two 14‐day sessions in July–August of both years. We then compared density estimates from mark–recapture estimators that used telemetry data from previous years with spatially explicit mark–recapture models that used only genetic detections. Over the 2 years of sampling, we detected 98 female and 81 male grizzly bears. We found that the DNA degradation rate was related to collection interval and the number of days between rainfall events and sample collection. Estimates of density were in the order of 5 bears/1,000 km2. The estimates from the 2 methods were statistically similar, but spatially explicit estimates were more precise than those using radiocollar data. Our results provide the first demonstration of the viability of posts as hair‐snagging stations to obtain DNA from grizzly bears, and of spatially explicit mark–recapture methods to estimate population size and density for grizzly bears above the tree line. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Spectral analysis of semigroups and growth-fragmentation equations
Authors: Mischler S. , Scher J. 
Published: February 2015

The aim of this paper is twofold:
(1) On the one hand, the paper revisits the spectral analysis of semigroups in a general Banach space setting. It presents some new and more general versions, and provides comprehensible proofs, of classical results such as the spectral mapping theorem, some (quantified) Weyl's Theorems and the Krein–Rutman Theorem. Motivated by evolution PDE applications, the results apply to a wide and natural class of generators which split as a dissipative part plus a more regular part, without assuming any symmetric structure on the operators nor Hilbert structure on the space, and give some growth estimates and spectral gap estimates for the associated semigroup. The approach relies on some factorization and summation arguments reminiscent of the Dyson–Phillips series in the spirit of those used in [96,87,51,86].
(2) On the other hand, we present the semigroup spectral analysis for three important classes of “growth-fragmentation” equations, namely the cell division equation, the self-similar fragmentation equation and the McKendrick–Von Foerster age structured population equation. By showing that these models lie in the class of equations for which our general semigroup analysis theory applies, we prove the exponential rate of convergence of the solutions to the associated first eigenfunction or self-similar profile for a very large and natural class of fragmentation rates. Our results generalize similar estimates obtained in [103,73] for the cell division model with (almost) constant total fragmentation rate and in [19,18] for the self-similar fragmentation equation and the cell division equation restricted to smooth and positive fragmentation rate and total fragmentation rate which does not increase more rapidly than quadratically. It also improves the convergence results without rate obtained in [84,36] which have been established under similar assumptions to those made in the present work.
Emotion processing in joint hypermobility: A potential link to the neural bases of anxiety and related somatic symptoms in collagen anomalies
Authors: Mallorquí-Bagué N. , Bulbena A. , Roé-Vellvé N. , Hoekzema E. , Carmona S. , Barba-Müller E. , Fauquet J. , Pailhez G. , Vilarroya O. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground:Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) has repeatedly been associated with anxiety and anxiety disorders, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and temporomandibular joint disorder. However, the neural underpinnings of these associations still remain unclear. This study explored brain responses to facial visual stimuli with emotional cues using fMRI techniques in general population with different ranges of hypermobility.Methods:Fifty-one non-clinical volunteers (33 women) completed state and trait anxiety questionnaire measures, were assessed with a clinical examination for hypermobility (Beighton system) and performed an emotional face processing paradigm during functional neuroimaging.Results:Trait anxiety scores did significantly correlate with both state anxiety and hypermobility scores. BOLD signals of the hippocampus did positively correlate with hypermobility scores for the crying faces versus neutral faces contrast in ROI analyses. No results were found for any of the other studied ROIs. Additionally, hypermobility scores were also associated with other key affective processing areas (i.e. the middle and anterior cingulate gyrus, fusiform gyrus, parahippocampal region, orbitofrontal cortex and cerebellum) in the whole brain analysis.Conclusions:Hypermobility scores are associated with trait anxiety and higher brain responses to emotional faces in emotion processing brain areas (including hippocampus) described to be linked to anxiety and somatic symptoms. These findings increase our understanding of emotion processing in people bearing this heritable variant of collagen and the mechanisms through which vulnerability to anxiety and somatic symptoms arises in this population.
Dynamics of a binary mixture subjected to a temperature gradient and oscillatory forcing
Authors: Shevtsova V. , Gaponenko Y. A. , Sechenyh V. , Melnikov D. E. , Lyubimova T. , Mialdun A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe examine the dynamics of a binary mixture in a cubic cell subjected to a temperature differential and oscillatory forcing. The Soret effect, which is negative in the present study, provides a coupling mechanism by which a temperature gradient establishes a concentration gradient in a mixture. We present the results of experiments that were performed on the International Space Station (ISS) and compare the observations with the results of direct numerical simulations. The evolution of temperature and concentration fields is investigated by optical digital interferometry. One advantage of the experimental technique is the observation of the fields along two perpendicular directions of the cell, allowing us to restore the three-dimensional field. Experimental evidence disproves speculations that the ISS microgravity environment always affects diffusion-controlled processes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that imposed vibrations with constant frequency and amplitude create slow mean flows and that they do influence the diffusion kinetics. The perturbation of the diffusive fields scales as the square of the vibrational velocity. In addition to calculations of the full three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations, a two-time-scale computational methodology is used for situations in which the forcing period is very small compared to the natural time scales of the problem. The simulations show excellent agreement with experimental observations.
On the validity of single-parcel energetics to assess the importance of internal energy and compressibility effects in stratified fluids
Authors: Tailleux Rémi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIt is often assumed on the basis of single-parcel energetics that compressible effects and conversions with internal energy are negligible whenever typical displacements of fluid parcels are small relative to the scale height of the fluid (defined as the ratio of the squared speed of sound to the gravitational acceleration). This paper shows that the above approach is flawed, however, and that a correct assessment of compressible effects and internal energy conversions requires the consideration of the energetics of at least two parcels or, more generally, of mass-conserving parcel rearrangements. As a consequence, it is shown that it is the adiabatic lapse rate and its derivative with respect to pressure, rather than the scale height, that controls the relative importance of compressible effects and internal energy conversions when considering the global energy budget of a stratified fluid. Only when mass conservation is properly accounted for is it possible to explain why the available internal energy can account for up to 40 % of the total available potential energy in the oceans. This is considerably larger than the prediction of single-parcel energetics, according to which this number should be no more than approximately 2 %.
The motor system’s contribution to perception and understanding actions: clarifying mirror neuron myths and misunderstandings
Authors: HICKOK GREGORY 
Published: February 2015

abstractKemmerer’s critical review of my book The Myth of Mirror Neurons raises some important points regarding the relation between motor-centric and motor-modulatory models of perception and understanding. In addressing his critiques I hope to clarify that there is growing agreement that motor-centric models are untenable, while motor-modulatory models are viable but still face theoretical and empirical hurdles.
Classifying Polygonal Algebras by theirK0-Group
Authors: Konter Johan , Vdovina Alina 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe prove that every incidence graph of a finite projective plane allows a partitioning into incident point-line pairs. This is used to determine the order of the identity in theK0-group of so-called polygonal algebras associated with cocompact group actions onÃ2-buildings with three orbits. TheseC*-algebras are classified by theK0-group and the classof the identity inK0. To be more precise, we show that 2(q− 1)= 0, whereqis the order of the links of the building. Furthermore, ifq= 22l−1withl∈ ℤ, then the order ofisq− 1.