bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ICF-based multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitation of people with disabilities: perspective and current practices within the Health, Rehabilitation, Integration, and Research Center in Lebanon
Authors: Saleh Nour El Hoda , Summaka Marwa , Zein Hiba , Fneish Sleiman , Mazbouh Rami , Hamieh Fatima , Naim Ibrahim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundRehabilitation of people with disabilities has aimed to improve functional status, quality of life, and social involvement. In Lebanon, rehabilitation confronts major challenges related to accessibility, affordability, and availability, in addition to the lack of applied comprehensive multidisciplinary programs.MethodsThe present article elucidates the current rehabilitation status in Lebanon and describes the perspective and practice of the Health, Rehabilitation, Integration, and Research Center (HRIR), a Lebanese multidisciplinary rehabilitation center for people with disabilities.ResultsThe use of the ICF- based multidisciplinary approach in the rehabilitation of people with disabilities is a specific feature of the HRIR Center in Lebanon. It offers coordinated evidence-based multidisciplinary outpatient programs starting from the acute phase to the community reintegration of people with disabilities.ConclusionRegardless of Lebanon’s circumstances, the real perspective and experience of HRIR have provided highly noteworthy rehabilitation outcomes through a vast array of coordinated evidence-based practices, a highly qualified team, and thorough equipment.
Development of a calibration program for large-scale DEM simulation of hot mix asphalt
Authors: Harries Leandro , Liu Jia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive Discrete Element Method (DEM) calibration program designed for optimal calibration of hot mix asphalt (HMA) in full-scale paving applications. The program allows for the calibration of various asphalt mixes and allows for studies such as how tamper stroke affects pre-compaction based on the calibrated HMA. The study identifies key pavement properties essential to the paving process, including pre-compaction resistance, flow behavior, and friction behavior between HMA and steel or asphalt surfaces, and details their laboratory-based evaluation methods. A contact model that incorporates realistic plastic deformation, adhesive forces, and multiple load cycles is presented in this research. Novel features include a two-clump particle shape system and a two-grain distribution for the grading curve. These parameters, combined with the contact model, facilitate the observation of particle orientations and segregations, ensuring an economical yet robust full-scale simulation. Validation included testing and calibration of three different asphalt mixes (Asphalt Concrete (AC) 11 DS, Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) 11 DS, and AC 16 BS). The results demonstrate the successful calibration of all relevant pavement properties using the prescribed methodology and settings. This study advances the understanding of HMA pavement properties and provides a practical framework for optimal calibration in full-scale paving scenarios.
One-dimensional analysis of pressure variations induced by trains passing each other in a tunnel
Authors: Miyachi Tokuzo , Noguchi Yuhei , Yamauchi Yuki 
Published: July 2024

In this study, the asymptotic solutions of the pressure variations induced by two trains passing each other in a tunnel are theoretically investigated. The one-dimensional inviscid compressible airflow is analysed, and two methods to obtain numerically exact solutions and$M_{H}$expansion formulas for approximate equations are presented, where$M_{H}$is the Mach number of the high-speed train. The pressure coefficient, corresponding to the maximum value of the magnitude of the pressure, is expressed as$|c_{p}|_{max}=|c_{p,min}|=[({R}/({1-R}))$ $(1+\alpha )^{2}+({R(1-R)}/{(1-2R)^{2}})(1-\alpha )^{2}]+O[M_{H}]$, where$c_{p,min}<0$,$\alpha =U_{L}/U_{H}$and$U_{L}$and$U_{H}$denote the speeds of the low- and high-speed trains, respectively, and$R$is the cross-sectional area ratio of the train to the tunnel. The theoretical results indicate the dependence of the speeds of the two trains on the pressure distribution and that the maximum magnitude of the asymptotic pressure for a fixed value of$M_{H}$is obtained for$\alpha =1$and$\alpha =0$when$R< R_{c}$and$R>R_{c}$, respectively, where$R_{c}$denotes the critical blockage ratio. Because the airflow along the side of the low-speed train, induced by the low-speed train, is along the running direction of the high-speed train and reduces the relative velocity of the high-speed train as the two trains pass each other,$|c_{p}|_{max}$for$\alpha =0$is larger than$|c_{p}|_{max}$for$\alpha =1$when$R>R_{c}$. It is theoretically demonstrated that, as conventional high-speed railway systems satisfy$R< R_{c}$, a conservative pressure estimation can be established assuming$\alpha =1$.
Microbial Communities Degrade Ancient Permafrost‐Derived Organic Matter in Arctic Seawater
Authors: Ruben Manuel , Marchant Hannah , Wietz Matthias , Gentz Torben , Strauss Jens , Koch Boris P. , Mollenhauer Gesine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Arctic is experiencing rapid warming, which among other processes results in increasing erosion of coastal permafrost and the release of ancient organic carbon (OC) into the Arctic Ocean, which in turn might result in greenhouse gas emissions following its decomposition. Supply of terrigenous organic matter to the ocean affects near‐shore nutrient concentrations and the composition of microbial communities—highlighting the need to understand the fate of permafrost‐derived carbon in this fragile ecosystem. We incubated material from coastal Yedoma permafrost for 85 days in seawater collected during the Arctic Century expedition. During this experiment, 2.8 ± 1.4% of OC from coastal Yedoma was respired to CO2. Radiocarbon analysis revealed that 88 ± 15% of the released CO2 originated from ancient material (∼40,000 years), indicating that degradation of permafrost OC reintroduces old carbon into the short‐term carbon cycle. Hence, the permafrost climate feedback may be enhanced in the coming decades when coastal erosion accelerates. Additionally, 0.9 ± 0.3% of Yedoma OC was leached as dissolved OC. The observed net production of inorganic nitrogen during the incubation could potentially provide a negative feedback by stimulating primary production. Bacterial community analysis showed a succession of primary responders to biolabile substrates (e.g., Psychrobacter and Colwellia) followed by secondary consumers of less biolabile substrates (e.g., Maribacter and Pseudohongiella), plus a potential establishment of permafrost associated‐bacteria on particles. Overall, our data show that OC input from thawing permafrost stimulates bacterial dynamics, with likely implications for regional biogeochemical cycles and the Earth's climate.
Combining Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up Approaches to Evaluate Recent Trends and Seasonal Patterns in UK N2O Emissions
Authors: Saboya Eric , Manning Alistair J. , Levy Peter , Stanley Kieran M. , Pitt Joseph , Young Dickon , Say Daniel , Grant Aoife , Arnold Tim , Rennick Chris , Tomlinson Samuel J. , Carnell Edward J. , Artioli Yuri , Stavart Ann , Spain T. Gerard , O’Doherty Simon , Rigby Matthew , Ganesan Anita L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAtmospheric trace gas measurements can be used to independently assess national greenhouse gas inventories through inverse modeling. Atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) measurements made in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland are used to derive monthly N2O emissions for 2013–2022 using two different inverse methods. We find mean UK emissions of 90.5 ± 23.0 (1σ) and 111.7 ± 32.1 (1σ) Gg N2O yr−1 for 2013–2022, and corresponding trends of −0.68 ± 0.48 (1σ) Gg N2O yr−2 and −2.10 ± 0.72 (1σ) Gg N2O yr−2, respectively, for the two inverse methods. The UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) reported mean N2O emissions of 73.9 ± 1.7 (1σ) Gg N2O yr−1 across this period, which is 22%–51% smaller than the emissions derived from atmospheric data. We infer a pronounced seasonal cycle in N2O emissions, with a peak occurring in the spring and a second smaller peak in the late summer for certain years. The springtime peak has a long seasonal decline that contrasts with the sharp rise and fall of N2O emissions estimated from the bottom‐up UK Emissions Model (UKEM). Bayesian inference is used to minimize the seasonal cycle mismatch between the average top‐down (atmospheric data‐based) and bottom‐up (process model and inventory‐based) seasonal emissions at a sub‐sector level. Increasing agricultural manure management and decreasing synthetic fertilizer N2O emissions reduces some of the discrepancy between the average top‐down and bottom‐up seasonal cycles. Other possibilities could also explain these discrepancies, such as missing emissions from NH3 deposition, but these require further investigation.
Empirical Model of Equatorial ElectroJet (EEJ) Using Long‐Term Observations From the Indian Sector
Authors: Tulasi Ram S. , Ankita M. , Nilam B. , Gurubaran S. , Nair Manoj , Seemala Gopi K. , Brahmanandam P. S. , Dimri A. P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) is one of the important near‐earth space weather phenomena which exhibits significant diurnal, seasonal and solar activity variations. This paper investigates the EEJ variations at diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle time scales from the Indian sector and portrays a new empirical EEJ field model developed using the observations spanning over nearly two solar cycles. The Method of Naturally Orthogonal Components (MNOC), also known as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), was employed to extract the dominant patterns of principal diurnal, semi‐diurnal, and ter‐diurnal components contributing to the EEJ variation. The amplitudes of these diurnal, semi‐diurnal, and ter‐diurnal components in EEJ are found to vary significantly with the season and solar activity. The seasonal and solar activity dependencies of these principal components are modeled using suitable bimodal distribution functions. Finally, the empirical model for EEJ field was built by combining the principal components with their corresponding modeled amplitudes. This model accurately reproduces the diurnal, seasonal and solar activity variations of EEJ. The modeled monthly mean variations of EEJ field at ground exhibit excellent correlation of 0.96 with the observations with the root mean square error <5 nT. It also successfully captures the seasonal and solar activity variations of Counter Electrojet (CEJ). Finally, this model named “Indian Equatorial Electrojet (IEEJ) Model” is made publicly available for interested scientific users (https://iigm.res.in/system/files/IEEJ_model.html).
Epirubicin induces cardiotoxicity through disrupting ATP6V0A2-dependent lysosomal acidification and triggering ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Wu Xin , Wen Yuting , Li Zhiquan , Chen Fuzhong , Zou Yu , Dong Xiaoyu , Liu Xinjian , Wang Junhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEpirubicin (EPI) is effective in the treatment of malignant cancers, but its application is limited by life-threatening cardiotoxicity. Iron homeostasis disturbance has been implicated in anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity (AIC), and ferroptosis is involved in AIC which dependent upon intracellular iron. However, the role and exact mechanisms of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (EIC) remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate mechanisms underlying ferroptosis-driven EIC. Epirubicin triggered ferroptosis both in vivo and in cultured cardiomyocytes, and pretreatment with ferroptosis inhibitor, Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1) alleviates EIC. Microarray analysis was performed to screen for potential molecules involved in EIC in neonatal primary mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVMs). We found that the transcript level of ATP6V0A2, a subunit of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), was significantly downregulated when NMVMs were subjected to EPI, which was verified in vivo and in vitro as measured by real time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting. Intriguingly, overexpression of ATP6V0A2 effectively decreased excessive oxidative stress and lipid-peroxidation accumulation, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and protecting cardiomyocytes against EIC, as evidenced by functional, enzymatic, and morphological changes. Mechanistically, forced expression of ATP6V0A2 restored lysosomal acidification in EPI-treated cardiomyocytes and protected cardiomyocytes and mice hearts from ferroptosis-driven EIC. In this study, our data elucidate that ferroptosis is involved in EIC, which is ignited by ATP6V0A2-dependent lysosomal acidification dysfunction. Our study provides a new potential therapeutic target for ameliorating EIC.
Ca2+ signals are essential for T-cell proliferation, while Zn2+ signals are necessary for T helper cell 1 differentiation
Authors: Jakobs Jana , Bertram Jens , Rink Lothar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe regulation of T-cell fate is crucial for the balance between infection control and tolerance. Calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+) signals are both induced after T-cell stimulation, but their specific roles in the fate of activation and differentiation remain to be elucidated. Are Zn2+- and Ca2+ signals responsible for different aspects in T-cell activation and differentiation and do they act in concert or in opposition? It is crucial to understand the interplay of the intracellular signals to influence the fate of T cells in diseases with undesirable T-cell activities or in Zn2+-deficient patients. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with the Zn2+ ionophore pyrithione and thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). Intracellular Zn2+ and Ca2+ signals were monitored by flow cytometry and ELISA, quantitative PCR and western blot were used to evaluate T-cell differentiation and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that Zn2+ signals upregulated the early T-cell activation marker CD69, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), and Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF-10) expression, which are important for T helper cell (Th) 1 differentiation. Ca2+ signals, on the other hand, increased T-bet and Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression and interleukin (IL)-2 release. Most interestingly, the combination of Zn2+ and Ca2+ signals was indispensable to induce interferon (IFN)-γ expression and increased the surface expression of CD69 by several-fold. These results highlight the importance of the parallel occurrence of Ca2+ and Zn2+ signals. Both signals act in concert and are required for the differentiation into Th1 cells, for the stabilization of regulatory T cells, and induces T-cell activation by several-fold. This provides further insight into the impaired immune functions of patients with zinc deficiency.
Efficacy of the tetravalent protein COVID-19 vaccine, SCTV01E: a phase 3 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Ruizhi , Zhao Junshi , Zhu Xiaoping , Guan Qinghu , Liu Shujun , Li Meihong , Gao Jianghua , Tan Jie , Cao Feng , Gan Beifang , Wu Bo , Bai Jin , Liu Youquan , Xie Gang , Liu Chi , Zhao Wei , Yan Lixin , Xu Shuping , Qian Gui , Liu Dongfang , Li Jian , Li Wei , Tian Xuxin , Wang Jinling , Wang Shanshan , Li Dongyang , Li Jing , Jiao Yuhuan , Li Xuefeng , Chen Yuanxin , Wang Yang , Gai Wenlin , Zhou Qiang , Xie Liangzhi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEvolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants emphasizes the need for multivalent vaccines capable of simultaneously targeting multiple strains. SCTV01E is a tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine derived from the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1. In this double-blinded placebo-controlled pivotal efficacy trial (NCT05308576), the primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy (VE) against COVID-19 seven days post-vaccination in individuals without recent infection. Other endpoints included evaluating safety, immunogenicity, and the VE against all SARS-CoV-2 infections in individuals meeting the study criteria. Between December 26, 2022, and January 15, 2023, 9,223 individuals were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to receive SCTV01E or a placebo. SCTV01E showed a VE of 69.4% (95% CI: 50.6, 81.0) 7 days post-vaccination, with 75 cases in the placebo group and 23 in the SCTV01E group for the primary endpoint. VEs were 79.7% (95% CI: 51.0, 91.6) and 82.4% (95% CI: 57.9, 92.6), respectively, for preventing symptomatic infection and all SARS-CoV-2 infections 14 days post-vaccination. SCTV01E elicited a 25.0-fold higher neutralizing antibody response against Omicron BA.5 28 days post-vaccination compared to placebo. Reactogenicity was generally mild and transient, with no reported vaccine-related SAE, adverse events of special interest (AESI), or deaths. The trial aligned with the shift from dominant variants BA.5 and BF.7 to XBB, suggesting SCTV01E as a potential vaccine alternative effective against present and future variants.
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals glial cell type-specific responses to ischemic stroke in male rodents
Authors: Bormann Daniel , Knoflach Michael , Poreba Emilia , Riedl Christian J. , Testa Giulia , Orset Cyrille , Levilly Anthony , Cottereau Andréa , Jauk Philipp , Hametner Simon , Stranzl Nadine , Golabi Bahar , Copic Dragan , Klas Katharina , Direder Martin , Kühtreiber Hannes , Salek Melanie , zur Nedden Stephanie , Baier-Bitterlich Gabriele , Kiechl Stefan , Haider Carmen , Endmayr Verena , Höftberger Romana , Ankersmit Hendrik J. , Mildner Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeuroglia critically shape the brain´s response to ischemic stroke. However, their phenotypic heterogeneity impedes a holistic understanding of the cellular composition of the early ischemic lesion. Here we present a single cell resolution transcriptomics dataset of the brain´s acute response to infarction. Oligodendrocyte lineage cells and astrocytes range among the most transcriptionally perturbed populations and exhibit infarction- and subtype-specific molecular signatures. Specifically, we find infarction restricted proliferating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), mature oligodendrocytes and reactive astrocytes, exhibiting transcriptional commonalities in response to ischemic injury. OPCs and reactive astrocytes are involved in a shared immuno-glial cross talk with stroke-specific myeloid cells. Within the perilesional zone, osteopontin positive myeloid cells accumulate in close proximity to CD44+ proliferating OPCs and reactive astrocytes. In vitro, osteopontin increases the migratory capacity of OPCs. Collectively, our study highlights molecular cross talk events which might govern the cellular composition of acutely infarcted brain tissue.
High-voltage and dendrite-free zinc-iodine flow battery
Authors: Wang Caixing , Gao Guoyuan , Su Yaqiong , Xie Ju , He Dunyong , Wang Xuemei , Wang Yanrong , Wang Yonggang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractZn-I2 flow batteries, with a standard voltage of 1.29 V based on the redox potential gap between the Zn2+-negolyte (−0.76 vs. SHE) and I2-posolyte (0.53 vs. SHE), are gaining attention for their safety, sustainability, and environmental-friendliness. However, the significant growth of Zn dendrites and the formation of dead Zn generally prevent them from being cycled at high current density (>80 mA cm−2). In addition, the crossover of Zn2+ across cation-exchange-membrane also limits their cycle stability. Herein, we propose a chelated Zn(P2O7)26- (donated as Zn(PPi)26-) negolyte, which facilitates dendrite-free Zn plating and effectively prevents Zn2+ crossover. Remarkably, the utilization of chelated Zn(PPi)26- as a negolyte shifts the Zn2+/Zn plating/stripping potential to −1.08 V (vs. SHE), increasing cell voltage to 1.61 V. Such high voltage Zn-I2 flow battery shows a promising stability over 250 cycles at a high current density of 200 mA cm−2, and a high power density up to 606.5 mW cm−2.
Previously hidden landslide processes revealed using distributed acoustic sensing with nanostrain-rate sensitivity
Authors: Ouellet Susanne M. , Dettmer Jan , Lato Matthew J. , Cole Steve , Hutchinson D. Jean , Karrenbach Martin , Dashwood Ben , Chambers Jonathan E. , Crickmore Roger 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLandslides sometimes creep for decades before undergoing runaway acceleration and catastrophic failure. Observing and monitoring the evolution of strain in time and space is crucial to understand landslide processes, including the transition from slow to fast movement. However, the limited spatial or temporal resolution of existing landslide monitoring instrumentation limits the study of these processes. We employ distributed acoustic sensing strain data below 1 Hertz frequency during a three-day rainfall at the Hollin Hill landslide and quantify strain-rate changes at meter and sub-minute scales. We observe near-surface strain onset at the head scarp, strain acceleration at a developing rupture zone, retrogression towards the scarp, and flow-lobe activity. These processes with displacements of less than 0.5 mm are undetected using other methods. However, the millimeter processes over three days agree with previously observed seasonal landslide patterns. Here, we show landslide processes occurring with nanostrain-rate sensitivity at spatiotemporal resolution previously not possible.
Pannexin-1 channel inhibition alleviates opioid withdrawal in rodents by modulating locus coeruleus to spinal cord circuitry
Authors: Kwok Charlie H. T. , Harding Erika K. , Burma Nicole E. , Markovic Tamara , Massaly Nicolas , van den Hoogen Nynke J. , Stokes-Heck Sierra , Gambeta Eder , Komarek Kristina , Yoon Hye Jean , Navis Kathleen E. , McAllister Brendan B. , Canet-Pons Julia , Fan Churmy , Dalgarno Rebecca , Gorobets Evgueni , Papatzimas James W. , Zhang Zizhen , Kohro Yuta , Anderson Connor L. , Thompson Roger J. , Derksen Darren J. , Morón Jose A. , Zamponi Gerald W. , Trang Tuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOpioid withdrawal is a liability of chronic opioid use and misuse, impacting people who use prescription or illicit opioids. Hyperactive autonomic output underlies many of the aversive withdrawal symptoms that make it difficult to discontinue chronic opioid use. The locus coeruleus (LC) is an important autonomic centre within the brain with a poorly defined role in opioid withdrawal. We show here that pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels expressed on microglia critically modulate LC activity during opioid withdrawal. Within the LC, we found that spinally projecting tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons (LCspinal) are hyperexcitable during morphine withdrawal, elevating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of norepinephrine. Pharmacological and chemogenetic silencing of LCspinal neurons or genetic ablation of Panx1 in microglia blunted CSF NE release, reduced LC neuron hyperexcitability, and concomitantly decreased opioid withdrawal behaviours in mice. Using probenecid as an initial lead compound, we designed a compound (EG-2184) with greater potency in blocking Panx1. Treatment with EG-2184 significantly reduced both the physical signs and conditioned place aversion caused by opioid withdrawal in mice, as well as suppressed cue-induced reinstatement of opioid seeking in rats. Together, these findings demonstrate that microglial Panx1 channels modulate LC noradrenergic circuitry during opioid withdrawal and reinstatement. Blocking Panx1 to dampen LC hyperexcitability may therefore provide a therapeutic strategy for alleviating the physical and aversive components of opioid withdrawal.