bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic variability in bone geometry as assessed by hip structure analysis: Findings from the hip strength across the menopausal transition study
Authors: Danielson Michelle E , Beck Thomas J , Lian Yinjuan , Karlamangla Arun S , Greendale Gail A , Ruppert Kristine , Lo Joan , Greenspan Susan , Vuga Marike , Cauley Jane A 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Racial/ethnic origin plays an important role in fracture risk. Racial/ethnic differences in fracture rates cannot be fully explained by bone mineral density (BMD). Studies examining the influence of bone geometry and strength on fracture risk have focused primarily on older adults and have not included people from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds. Our goal was to explore racial/ethnic differences in hip geometry and strength in a large sample of midlife women. We performed hip structure analysis (HSA) on hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans from 1942 premenopausal and early perimenopausal women. The sample included white (50%), African American (27%), Chinese (11%), and Japanese (12%) women aged 42 to 52 years. HSA was performed using software developed at Johns Hopkins University. African American women had higher conventional (8.4% to 9.7%) and HSA BMD (5.4% to 19.8%) than other groups with the exception being Japanese women, who had the highest HSA BMD (9.7% to 31.4%). HSA indices associated with more favorable geometry and greater strength and resistance to fracture were more prevalent in African American and Japanese women. Femurs of African American women had a smaller outer diameter, a larger cross-sectional area and section modulus, and a lower buckling ratio. Japanese women presented a different pattern with a higher section modulus and lower buckling ratio, similar to African American women, but a wider outer diameter; this was offset by a greater cross-sectional area and a more centrally located centroid. Chinese women had similar conventional BMD as white women but a smaller neck region area and HSA BMD at both regions. They also had a smaller cross-sectional area and section modulus, a more medially located centroid, and a higher buckling ratio than white women. The observed biomechanical differences may help explain racial/ethnic variability in fracture rates. Future research should explore the contribution of hip geometry to fracture risk across all race/ethnicities. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Inflammatory eye reactions in patients treated with bisphosphonates and other osteoporosis medications: Cohort analysis using a national prescription database
Authors: Pazianas Michael , Clark Emma M , Eiken Pia A , Brixen Kim , Abrahamsen Bo 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Ocular inflammatory reactions have been described in patients on bisphosphonate treatment. We estimated the incidence rate of ocular inflammation at 3 and 12 months in patients treated for osteoporosis using a register-based cohort linked to prescription data (hospitals and private practice) and hospital data. From January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2007, a total of 88,202 patients beginning osteoporosis therapy were identified. Of those patients, 82,404 (93%) began oral bisphosphonates and 5798 (7%) nonbisphosphonates. Within the first year of treatment, 4769 (5.4%) of patients on osteoporosis therapy filled one or more prescriptions for topical eye steroids (TES). TES treatment rates (per 1000 patient-years) in the first year of osteoporosis treatment were 44 (95% confidence interval [CI] 42 to 46) for alendronate, 40 (95% CI 38 to 43) for etidronate, 45 (95% CI 35 to 57) for risedronate, 32 (95% CI 27 to 37) for raloxifene, and 64 (95% CI 49 to 83) for strontium ranelate. After adjustment for age, Charlson index, and the number of comedications, pulmonary disease in men was associated with an increased use of TES (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.86; p = 0.001). In women, malignant disease (OR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.60; p = 0.04) and pulmonary disease (OR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.62; p = 0.01) were significant predictors at 3 months and rheumatic diseases at 12 months (OR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.31; p &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference between the different drug classes (bisphosphonates versus nonbisphosphonates, alendronate versus nonalendronate-bisphosphonates) for risk of ocular inflammation, with age and the number of comedications being the only significant predictors. Hospital-treated uveitis (48 patients, or 0.05%) showed a similar trend. In conclusion, after initiation of treatment for osteoporosis, the risk of inflammatory eye reactions requiring TES is relatively low and not significantly different between bisphosphonate and nonbisphosphonate users. Patients with a rheumatic or pulmonary disease are at increased risk. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Differing effects of PTH 1–34, PTH 1–84, and zoledronic acid on bone microarchitecture and estimated strength in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: An 18-month open-labeled observational study using HR-pQCT
Authors: Hansen Stinus , Hauge Ellen M , Beck Jensen Jens-Erik , Brixen Kim 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Whereas the beneficial effects of intermittent treatment with parathyroid hormone (PTH) (intact PTH 1–84 or fragment PTH 1–34, teriparatide) on vertebral strength is well documented, treatment may not be equally effective in the peripheral skeleton. We used high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) to detail effects on compartmental geometry, density, and microarchitecture as well as finite element (FE) estimated integral strength at the distal radius and tibia in postmenopausal osteoporotic women treated with PTH 1–34 (20 µg sc daily, n = 18) or PTH 1–84 (100 µg sc daily, n = 20) for 18 months in an open-label, nonrandomized study. A group of postmenopausal osteoporotic women receiving zoledronic acid (5 mg infusion once yearly, n = 33) was also included. Anabolic therapy increased cortical porosity in radius (PTH 1–34 32 ± 37%, PTH 1–84 39 ± 32%, both p &lt; 0.001) and tibia (PTH 1–34 13 ± 27%, PTH 1–84 15 ± 22%, both p &lt; 0.001) with corresponding declines in cortical density. With PTH 1–34, increases in cortical thickness in radius (2.0 ± 3.8%, p &lt; 0.05) and tibia (3.8 ± 10.4%, p &lt; 0.01) were found. Trabecular number increased in tibia with both PTH 1–34 (4.2 ± 7.1%, p &lt; 0.05) and PTH 1–84 (5.3 ± 8.3%, p &lt; 0.01). Zoledronic acid did not impact cortical porosity at either site but increased cortical thickness (3.0 ± 3.5%, p &lt; 0.01), total (2.7 ± 2.5%, p &lt; 0.001) and cortical density (1.5 ± 2.0%, p &lt; 0.01) in tibia as well as trabecular volume fraction in radius (2.5 ± 5.1%, p &lt; 0.05) and tibia (2.2 ± 2.2%, p &lt; 0.01). FE estimated bone strength was preserved, but not increased, with PTH 1–34 and zoledronic acid at both sites, whereas it decreased with PTH 1–84 in radius (−2.8 ± 5.8%, p &lt; 0.05) and tibia (–3.9 ± 4.8%, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusively, divergent treatment-specific effects in cortical and trabecular bone were observed with anabolic and zoledronic acid therapy. The finding of decreased estimated strength with PTH 1–84 treatment was surprising and warrants confirmation. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Gene-gene interaction between RBMS3 and ZNF516 influences bone mineral density
Authors: Yang Tie-Lin , Guo Yan , Li Jian , Zhang Lei , Shen Hui , Li Siyang M , Li Siyuan K , Tian Qing , Liu Yong-Jun , Papasian Christopher J , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), a highly heritable trait that is determined, in part, by the actions and interactions of multiple genes. Although an increasing number of genes have been identified to have independent effects on BMD, few studies have been performed to identify genes that interact with one another to affect BMD. In this study, we performed gene-gene interaction analyses in selected candidate genes in individuals with extremely high versus low hip BMD (20% tails of the distributions), in two independent U.S. Caucasian samples. The first sample contained 916 unrelated subjects with extreme hip BMD Z-scores selected from a population composed of 2286 subjects. The second sample consisted of 400 unrelated subjects with extreme hip BMD Z-scores selected from a population composed of 1000 subjects. Combining results from these two samples, we found one interacting gene pair (RBMS3 versus ZNF516) which, even after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, showed consistently significant effects on hip BMD. RMBS3 harbored two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs6549904 and rs7640046, both of which had significant interactions with an SNP, rs4891159, located on ZNF516 (p = 7.04 × 10−11 and 1.03 × 10−10). We further validated these results in two additional samples of Caucasian and African descent. The gene pair, RBMS3 versus ZNF516, was successfully replicated in the Caucasian sample (p = 8.07 × 10−3 and 2.91 × 10−3). For the African sample, a significant interaction was also detected (p = 0.031 and 0.043), but the direction of the effect was opposite to that observed in the three Caucasian samples. By providing evidence for genetic interactions underlying BMD, this study further delineates the genetic architecture of osteoporosis. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Impact of calcium and vitamin D insufficiencies on serum parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density: Analysis of the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-3, 2009 and KNHANES V-1, 2010)
Authors: Joo Nam-Seok , Dawson-Hughes Bess , Kim Young-Sang , Oh Kyungwon , Yeum Kyung-Jin 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The relative contributions of calcium and vitamin D to calcium metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) have been examined previously, but not in a population with very low calcium intake. To determine the relative importance of dietary calcium intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration to calcium metabolism and bone mass in a population with low calcium intake, a total of 4662 adults (2567 men and 2095 women) ≥50 years of age from the 2009–2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were divided into groups according to dietary calcium intakes (quintiles means: 154, 278, 400, 557, and 951 mg/d) and serum 25(OH)D concentrations (&lt;50, 50–75, and &gt;75 nmol/L). Serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD were evaluated according to dietary calcium intake and serum 25(OH)D. Mean calcium intake was 485 mg/d; mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 48.1 nmol/L; PTH was 68.4 pg/mL; femoral neck BMD was 0.692 g/cm2; and lumbar spine BMD was 0.881 g/cm2. Lower dietary calcium intakes were significantly associated with higher serum PTH concentrations and lower femoral neck BMD, not only at lower (&lt;50 nmol/L) but also at higher (&gt;75 nmol/L) serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Serum PTH was highest and femoral neck BMD was lowest in the group, with a serum 25(OH)D less than 50 nmol/L. In this low-intake population, calcium intake is a significant determinant of serum PTH and BMD at higher as well as lower 25(OH)D levels. This finding indicates that low calcium intake cannot be compensated for with higher 25(OH)D levels alone. As expected, serum 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with serum PTH and BMD. A calcium intake of at least 668 mg/d and a serum 25(OH)D level of at least 50 nmol/L may be needed to maintain bone mass in this calcium deficient population. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Roles of Identity Formation and Moral Identity in College Student Mental Health, Health‐risk Behaviors, and Psychological Well‐Being
Authors: Hardy Sam A. , Francis Stephen W. , Zamboanga Byron L. , Kim Su Yeong , Anderson Spencer G. , Forthun Larry F. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesThis study examined the roles of identity formation and moral identity in predicting college student mental health (anxiety and depressive symptoms), health‐risk behaviors (hazardous alcohol use and sexual risk taking), and psychological well‐being (self‐esteem and meaning).MethodThe sample comprised 9,500 college students (aged 18–25 years, mean = 19.78, standard deviation = 1.61; 73% female; 62% European American), from 31 different universities, who completed an online self‐report survey.ResultsStructural equation models found that identity maturity (commitment making and identity synthesis) predicted 5 of the health outcomes (except sexual risk taking), and moral identity predicted all of the health outcomes. In most cases identity maturity and moral identity also interacted in predicting mental health and psychological well‐being, but not health‐risk behaviors.ConclusionsThe maturity and specific contents of identity may both play unique and often interactive roles in predicting college student health. Thus, college student health might be bolstered by helping them establish appropriate identity commitments.
Client Perceptions of Therapy Component Helpfulness in Group Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Smith Angela H. , Norton Peter J. , McLean Carmen P. 
Published: October 2012

Objective(s):Treatment credibility and client satisfaction have received relatively little research attention, but extant findings indicate that some clients and therapists differ in their perceptions of what is helpful about therapy, with greater divergence related to poorer outcomes. This study examined relationships between treatment credibility, perceptions of therapy helpfulness, and treatment response.Method:Participants were 48 individuals (60.4% female; 53.2% Caucasian; mean age 32.79 years) with an anxiety disorder diagnosis. Participants completed a 12‐week transdiagnostic treatment protocol; treatment credibility was rated after session 2, and treatment component helpfulness was rated posttreatment.Results:Treatment response was significantly correlated with perceived helpfulness of cognitive restructuring and exposure techniques, but not treatment credibility. Treatment responders recognized the helpfulness of factors considered to be important therapeutic processes.Conclusions:Findings emphasize the importance of client perceptions of cognitive and behavioral techniques in treatment and suggest the need to monitor client perceptions throughout the treatment process.
Distribution of duck broods relative to habitat characteristics in the Prairie Pothole Region
Authors: Walker Johann , Rotella Jay J. , Schmidt Joshua H. , Loesch Charles R. , Reynolds Ronald E. , Lindberg Mark S. , Ringelman James K. , Stephens Scott E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractConservation programs for breeding ducks in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States and Canada require effective means of evaluating and characterizing breeding habitat across large landscapes. Extensive surveys of the distribution of duck broods in late‐summer could help identify wetland basins with greater probabilities of occupancy. Broods are difficult to detect, however, rendering presence–absence data from single‐visit surveys difficult to interpret, particularly when probability of detection is related to habitat features. Multiple‐visit occupancy surveys offer a potential solution. From 20 July to 5 August 2007–2009, we conducted a 3‐visit survey of wetland basins located on 167 10.4‐km2 study plots in the PPR. Our survey focused on broods of the 5 most common breeding duck species (Anas spp.). Our main objectives were to investigate ecological relationships between occupancy of wetland basins by broods and habitat characteristics and to examine if habitat‐specific detection was of enough concern to warrant multi‐survey approaches in the future. We surveyed 3,226 wetland basins during the study. Probability of occupancy of a wetland basin by a brood was positively related to the log of wet area for all 5 study species and was greater on wetlands located on plots with a greater proportion of herbaceous perennial cover for 4 of 5 species. For example, the median probability of occupancy for gadwall (Anas strepera) increased from 0.08 (90% Credible Interval [CrI]: 0.07, 0.10) to 0.28 (90% CrI: 0.23, 0.33) as wet area increased from 0.19 ha to 2.12 ha, and increased from 0.12 (90% CrI: 0.09, 0.16) to 0.20 (90% CrI: 0.16, 0.25) as proportion of perennial grass cover on the study plot increased from 0.03 to 0.99. Because occupancy and detection were both related to attributes of wetland basins, we concluded that the multiple‐visit survey was a useful approach for identifying habitat relationships of duck broods. Our results indicated that most broods of the study species were found in 10.4‐km2 landscapes with greater densities of small‐ to mid‐sized wetland basins and a greater proportion of herbaceous perennial vegetation. Our study provided new empirical support that could be used to help target conservation actions to the most productive landscapes for breeding ducks. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Red deer habitat selection and movements in relation to roads
Authors: Meisingset Erling L. , Loe Leif E. , Brekkum Øystein , Van Moorter Bram , Mysterud Atle 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRoads affect wildlife in many direct and indirect ways. For ungulates, roads may inhibit seasonal migration and may cause an effective loss of habitat due to avoidance. On the other hand, roadsides and associated agricultural lands offer high quality forage that may attract ungulates and increase the frequency of car accidents. Mitigating actions require detailed knowledge on space use in relation to roads. Using data from 67 global positioning system (GPS)‐marked red deer in Norway, we quantified 1) scale of avoidance of roads, 2) crossing frequency, and 3) selection of crossing sites. Red deer avoided roads only on a very local scale and only during daytime, with minor influence of variation in road size (traffic burden). Marked red deer crossed roads, on average, 2 times per day. Females crossed more frequently than males and crossings were most frequent during autumn and winter and during night. Deer selected forested crossing sites close to agricultural pastures, reflecting that roads are crossed most often on nightly feeding excursions. Our findings imply that red deer in our study area have adjusted to exploit feeding habitat close to roads at times of low traffic burden. The high frequency of crossings suggests a limited influence on seasonal migration patterns. The frequency at which red deer cross highways suggests that mitigation measures to reduce road mortality may be effective if targeted in the right areas. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Phenotypic and reproductive variation in female white‐tailed deer: The role of harvest and environment
Authors: Strickland Bronson K. , Demarais Stephen , Jones Phillip D. , Dacus Chad M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAnimal density and stochastic environmental events affect physical development and recruitment of cervids. Biologists who manage cervid populations based on a density‐dependent paradigm may need to also consider environmental effects. We analyzed 12‐ to 25‐year time series of 3 harvested white‐tailed deer populations in Mississippi to determine the relative influence of harvest and environmental factors on female reproduction and phenotypic quality. Using simple and multiple linear regression, we related body mass of 1.5‐, 2.5‐, and ≥3.5‐year females, and 2.5‐ and ≥3.5‐year percent lactation to variables representing deer harvest, growing season precipitation and temperatures, high‐quality agronomic plantings, and flooding events. Response across populations varied greatly, with harvest variables explaining most, some, or no variation in body mass and percent lactation. Biologists should consider the potential influence of environmental factors on phenotypic and reproductive variation when making management decisions. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Do trappers understand marten habitat?
Authors: Wiebe Philip A. , Fryxell John M. , Thompson Ian D. , Börger Luca , Baker James A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPrevious studies of the effects of fur trapping on marten populations have not considered habitat variation and how trappers use available habitat. We investigated the behavior of fur trappers with respect to roads, waterways, and the forest habitats on trap lines, using registered trap lines in northern Ontario as a study system. The objectives of this study were to 1) develop models for predicting trap location based on access and habitat features, 2) determine whether trappers target the same habitat preferred by American marten, and 3) investigate effects of spatial resolution on predictive models, using a geographic information system (GIS) for coarse resolution variables and direct forest mensuration for fine resolution variables. Distance to roads and water were by far the most influential factors in logistic models for predicting trap presence, accounting for 51.2–61.7% of the observed deviance. At a coarse spatial resolution, trappers selected sites that were close to vehicular access, and in older mixed wood forest stands. Similarly, at a coarse resolution, marten selected old stands, but dominated by coniferous trees. At a finer spatial resolution, trappers selected sites with high basal area of trees, pronounced proportion of black spruce, high canopy cover, and high density of coarse woody debris, consistent with previous studies on marten habitat selection at a fine resolution. Although coarse resolution models are easily applicable because of the wide availability of GIS land cover data, fine resolution models had greater predictive power when considering habitat variables. By quantifying trapper behaviors, these results suggest that the effectiveness of marten sanctuaries used in forest management depend not only on the age and species composition of forest stands left unlogged, but also on the degree to which they are accessible to trappers. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
A novel regulator RcdA of the csgD gene encoding the master regulator of biofilm formation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Shimada Tomohiro , Katayama Yasunori , Kawakita Shuichi , Ogasawara Hiroshi , Nakano Masahiro , Yamamoto Kaneyoshi , Ishihama Akira 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe FixJ/LuxR family transcription factor CsgD is a master regulator of biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. Previously, we identified more than 10 transcription factors that participate in regulation of the csgD promoter. After genomic SELEX screening of regulation targets, an uncharacterized TetR‐type transcription factor YbjK was found to be involved in regulation of the csgD promoter. In addition, a number of stress‐response genes were found to be under the direct control of YbjK. Taken together, we propose to rename it to RcdA (regulator of csgD). One unique feature of RcdA is its mode of DNA binding. Gel shift, DNase‐I footprinting, and atomic force microscopic (AFM) analyses indicated that RcdA is a DNA‐binding protein with a high level of cooperativity, with which it covers the entire surface of probe DNA through protein–protein interaction and moreover it induces the formation of aggregates of DNA–RcdA complexes.