bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Um Trágico Final Feliz
Authors: Melo Maria Joana 
Published: May 2014

Este artigo trata a questão do final feliz na primeira manifestação cultural audiovisual que foi a tragédia grega, relacionando características típicas da tragédia e do melodrama, tais como as soluções ex-machina e o alogon aristotélico, o pathos, as lágrimas e os lamentos, principais motivos da crítica de Platão àquela arte. Seguindo a Poética de Aristóteles, incidi na contradição entre os capítulos 13 e 14, em que se prescreve respetivamente um final infeliz e feliz. Concluí que a tragédia grega não difere do melodrama no que são as características apontadas como exclusivas da primeira, diferindo noutras, muito estanques, definidas por Aristóteles e que, até hoje, não permitem permeabilidade entre formas altas e baixas da cultura de massas, indicando, ao contrário do que a bibliografia afirma, que não se deve a Aristóteles o desvio da tragédia grega para o melodrama.Abstract This paper addresses the happy ending in Greek tragedy – viewed as the first audiovisual mass-culture manifestation –, connecting features specifically assigned to tragedy and melodrama, such as ex-machina endings and the Aristotelian alogon, pathos, tears and moans, which gave Plato the main reason to oppose that form of art. Following Aristotle’s precepts in the Poetics, I will focus on the contradiction between chapters 13 and 14, in which he prescribes a happy and an unhappy ending. I have concluded that there is little difference between tragedy and melodrama as pertains to the exclusive features of Greek tragedy, but that there is a great difference when focusing on the features proposed by Aristotle, who therefore can not be held responsible for the shifting of tragedy towards melodrama. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_1-2_7
Estimating the Modulus of Elasticity of Pervious Concrete Based on Porosity
Authors: Alam Ashraful , Haselbach Liv 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe modulus of elasticity is an important property for evaluating the mechanistic response of any material under load, and porosity influences the rheological, mechanical, and hydraulic properties of pervious concrete. The relationship between porosity and modulus of elasticity of pervious concrete has not been well researched. In this study, pervious concrete cylinder specimens were prepared for a range of porosities and compression tests were performed to determine the moduli of elasticity. Secant moduli of elasticity at five different stress levels (i.e., 2.2, 2.8, 3.3, 3.9, and 4.4 MPa) were calculated from the load-deformation data of the compression tests. Three performance zones were proposed for estimating the modulus of elasticity based on porosity at the stress levels of 2.2 and 2.8 MPa, i.e., lower, average, and upper. These performance zones provide designers with more information based on the variability and heterogeneous distribution of porosity in a pervious concrete section for risk-based assessments. While more research is required for comprehensive characterization of pervious concrete, the modulus of elasticity equation in the lower performance zone might provide an initial performance assessment of pervious concrete until its components can be better characterized.
Safety and Occupational Footwear
Authors: Ells William 
Published: May 2014

Description
This new, one-of-a kind ASTM reference guide provides the latest information on safety and occupational footwear. Topics cover:
The book was written to help safety directors better understand the science and complexity of footwear and slip resistance (Chapter 5). Safety is the number one cause of concern across all industries as related to slip resistance. The book refers to many ASTM standards developed by Committee F13 on Pedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear, including F2913, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Friction for Evaluation of Slip Performance of Footwear and Test Surfaces/Flooring Using a Whole Shoe Tester.
Two patients with a neuroendocrine tumour of the small intestine and paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis
Authors: Hermans M A W , Stelten B M L , Haak H R , de Herder W W , Dercksen M W 
Published: May 2014

Summary
This paper reports on two patients with a long-standing diagnosis of an ENETS stage IV neuroendocrine tumour (NET) of the small intestine who developed neurological symptoms. The first patient only had bulbar symptoms and tested positive for acetylcholine receptor antibodies. The second patient had more classical symptoms of fatigable diplopia and muscle weakness of the legs, but no detectable antibodies. The diagnosis of paraneoplastical myasthenia gravis (MG) was postulated. Both patients were treated with pyridostigmine for MG and octreotide for the NETs. Interestingly, treatment of the NETs resulted in improvement of myasthenic symptoms. Paraneoplastic MG has been described to occur with certain malignancies, mainly thymoma. Herein, we prove that the association with gastrointestinal NETs, however, rare, is also one to be considered by clinicians dealing with either of these diseases. The pathogenesis has yet to be elucidated.

Learning points

NETs are rare malignancies with a wide variety of symptoms.

Paraneoplastic MG can occur with various types of malignancies.

Herein, we provide evidence of paraneoplastic MG in association with a grade IV NET of the small intestine.

Treatment of the NETs resulted in remission of myasthenic symptoms in one patient.
Parasitic thyroid nodules: cancer or not?
Authors: Baker Lauren J , Gill Anthony J , Chan Charles , Lin Betty P C , Crawford Bronwyn A 
Published: May 2014

Summary
In 2006, a 58-year-old woman presented with thyrotoxicosis. She had undergone left hemithyroidectomy 14 years before for a benign follicular adenoma. Ultrasound imaging demonstrated bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy with enhanced tracer uptake in the left lateral neck on a Technetium-99m uptake scan. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of a left lateral neck node was insufficient for a cytological diagnosis; however, thyroglobulin (Tg) washings were strongly positive. The clinical suspicion was of functionally active metastatic thyroid cancer in cervical lymph nodes. A completion thyroidectomy and bilateral cervical lymph node dissection were performed. Histology demonstrated benign multinodularity in the right hemithyroid, with bilateral reactive lymphadenopathy and 24 benign hyperplastic thyroid nodules in the left lateral neck that were classified as parasitic thyroid nodules. As there had been a clinical suspicion of thyroid cancer, and the hyperplastic/parasitic thyroid tissue in the neck was extensive, the patient was given ablative radioactive iodine (3.7 GBq). After 2 years, a diagnostic radioactive iodine scan was clear and the serum Tg was undetectable. The patient has now been followed for 7 years with no evidence of recurrence. Archived tissue from a left lateral neck thyroid nodule has recently been analysed for BRAF V600E mutation, which was negative.

Learning points

Thyrotoxicosis due to functional thyroid tissue in the lateral neck is very rare and may be due to metastatic thyroid cancer or benign parasitic thyroid tissue.

Parasitic thyroid nodules should be considered as a differential diagnosis of lateral neck thyroid deposits, particularly where there is a history of prior thyroid surgery.

Parasitic thyroid nodules may occur as a result of traumatic rupture or implantation from a follicular adenoma at the time of surgery.

The use of ablative radioactive iodine may be appropriate, as resection of all parasitic thyroid tissue can prove difficult.

BRAF mutational analysis of parasitic thyroid tissue may provide extra reassurance in the exclusion of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Conhecimento e intervenção do cuidador na doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Leite Cinthya Dolores Santos Maia , Menezes Terce Liana Mota de , Lyra Érica Verônica de Vasconcelos , Araújo Cláudia Marina Tavares de 
Published: May 2014

Objetivo: Analisar de forma sistemática o conhecimento da doença de Alzheimer (DA) e as estratégias adotadas pelo cuidador para lidar com os sintomas apresentados pelo idoso com DA. Métodos: Levantamento de estudos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed, MedLine, Lilacs e SciELO, utilizando os seguintes descritores e termos livres para estratégia de busca, de acordo com suas definições no DeCS e no MeSH: “cuidadores” or “educação em saúde” or “treinamento” or “cuidadores de idosos” and “doença de Alzheimer”; “elderly caregiving” or “training” or “health education” or “caregivers” and “Alzheimer disease”; “cuidadores de personas mayores” or “formación” or “educación en salud” or “cuidadores” and “enfermedad de Alzheimer”. Resultados: Foram eleitos 12 artigos para análise e leitura na íntegra. Os artigos foram classificados em três categorias: 1) Conhecimento acerca do declínio cognitivo e funcional da doença de Alzheimer; 2) Conhecimento acerca dos sintomas psicológicos e comportamentais da demência (SPCD); 3) Conhecimento acerca do comprometimento da linguagem. Na maioria dos estudos, verificou-se que a orientação a respeito do que é a enfermidade e a sua evolução pode interferir na maneira como o cuidador planeja e executa as ações de cuidado. Conclusão: É extremamente necessário criar oportunidades para que os cuidadores familiares e profissionais conheçam a doença para compreender o paciente e, consequentemente, as possibilidades de atuação (seguras e eficazes) nesse paciente. Isso é possível mediante implementação de programas psicoeducativos capazes de fornecer informações e orientações práticas para melhorar a assistência oferecida por cuidadores aos pacientes com DA.
System Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Screening at Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Daly Jeanette M. , Levy Barcey T. , Moss Carol A. , Bay Camden P. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We assessed the protocols and system processes for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in 4 midwestern states. Methods. We identified 49 FQHCs in 4 states. In January 2013, we mailed their medical directors a 49-item questionnaire about policies on CRC screening, use of electronic medical records, types of CRC screening recommended, clinic tracking systems, referrals for colonoscopy, and barriers to providing CRC. Results. Forty-four questionnaires (90%) were returned. Thirty-three of the respondents (75%) estimated the proportion of their patients up-to-date with CRC screening, with a mean of 35%. One major barrier to screening was inability to provide colonoscopy for patients with a positive fecal occult blood test (59%). The correlation of system strategies and estimated percentage of patients up-to-date with CRC screening was 0.43 (P = .01). Conclusions. CRC system strategies were associated with higher CRC screening rates. Implementing system strategies for CRC screening takes time and effort and is important to maintain, to help prevent, or to cure many cases of CRC, the second leading cause of cancer in the United States.
Tapping Into Water: Key Considerations for Achieving Excellence in School Drinking Water Access
Authors: Patel Anisha I. , Hecht Kenneth , Hampton Karla E. , Grumbach Jacob M. , Braff-Guajardo Ellen , Brindis Claire D. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We examined free drinking water access in schools. Methods. We conducted cross-sectional interviews with administrators from 240 California public schools from May to November 2011 to examine the proportion of schools that met excellent water access criteria (i.e., location, density, type, maintenance, and appeal of water sources), school-level characteristics associated with excellent water access, and barriers to improvements. Results. No schools met all criteria for excellent water access. High schools and middle schools had lower fountain:student ratios than elementary schools (odds ratio [OR] = 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02, 0.20; OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.12, 0.70). Rural schools were more likely to offer a nonfountain water source than city schools (OR = 5.0; 95% CI = 1.74, 14.70). Newer schools were more likely to maintain water sources than older schools (OR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.97, 1.00). Schools that offered free water in food service areas increased from pre- to postimplementation of California’s school water policy (72%–83%; P < .048). Barriers to improving school water included cost of programs and other pressing concerns. Conclusions. Awareness of the benefits related to school drinking water provision and funding may help communities achieve excellence in drinking water access.
Persistent Organic Pollutants in Dust From Older Homes: Learning From Lead
Authors: Whitehead Todd P. , Metayer Catherine , Ward Mary H. , Colt Joanne S. , Gunier Robert B. , Deziel Nicole C. , Rappaport Stephen M. , Buffler Patricia A. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We aimed to (1) evaluate the relation between home age and concentrations of multiple chemical contaminants in settled dust and (2) discuss the feasibility of using lead hazard controls to reduce children’s exposure to persistent organic pollutants. Methods. As part of the California Childhood Leukemia Study, from 2001 to 2007, we used a high-volume small surface sampler and household vacuum cleaners to collect dust samples from 583 homes and analyzed the samples for 94 chemicals with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We evaluated relations between chemical concentrations in dust and home age with Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Results. Dust concentrations of lead, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine insecticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were correlated with home age (ρ > 0.2; P < .001), whereas concentrations of pyrethroid insecticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers were not. Conclusions. Dust in older homes contains higher levels of multiple, persistent chemicals than does dust in newer homes. Further development of strategies to reduce chemical exposures for children living in older homes is warranted.
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Older Adults With Substance Misuse
Authors: Schonfeld Lawrence , Hazlett Robert W. , Hedgecock Deborah K. , Duchene Darran M. , Burns L. Vance , Gum Amber M. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We compared substance use and SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment) services received for older adults screened by the Florida BRITE (BRief Intervention and Treatment of Elders) Project, across 4 categories of service providers. Methods. Staff from 29 agencies screened for substance use risk in 75 sites across 18 Florida counties. Clients at no or low risk received feedback about screening; moderate risk led to brief intervention, moderate or high risk led to brief treatment, and highest severity led to referral to treatment. Six-month follow-ups were conducted with a random sample of clients. Results. Over 5 years (September 15, 2006–September 14, 2011), 85 001 client screenings were recorded. Of these, 8165 clients were at moderate or high risk. Most received brief intervention for alcohol or medication misuse. Differences were observed across 4 categories of agencies. Health educators screening solely within medical sites recorded fewer positive screens than those from mental health, substance abuse, or aging services that screened in a variety of community-based and health care sites. Six-month follow-ups revealed a significant decrease in substance use. Conclusions. The Florida BRITE Project demonstrated that SBIRT can be extended to nonmedical services that serve older adults.
Communication About Childhood Obesity on Twitter
Authors: Harris Jenine K. , Moreland-Russell Sarah , Tabak Rachel G. , Ruhr Lindsay R. , Maier Ryan C. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. Little is known about the use of social media as a tool for health communication. We used a mixed-methods design to examine communication about childhood obesity on Twitter. Methods. NodeXL was used to collect tweets sent in June 2013 containing the hashtag #childhoodobesity. Tweets were coded for content; tweeters were classified by sector and health focus. Data were also collected on the network of follower connections among the tweeters. We used descriptive statistics and exponential random graph modeling to examine tweet content, characteristics of tweeters, and the composition and structure of the network of connections facilitating communication among tweeters. Results. We collected 1110 tweets originating from 576 unique Twitter users. More individuals (65.6%) than organizations (32.9%) tweeted. More tweets focused on individual behavior than environment or policy. Few government and educational tweeters were in the network, but they were more likely than private individuals to be followed by others. Conclusions. There is an opportunity to better disseminate evidence-based information to a broad audience through Twitter by increasing the presence of credible sources in the #childhoodobesity conversation and focusing the content of tweets on scientific evidence.
“I Always Felt I Had to Prove My Manhood”: Homosexuality, Masculinity, Gender Role Strain, and HIV Risk Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Fields Errol Lamont , Bogart Laura M. , Smith Katherine C. , Malebranche David J. , Ellen Jonathan , Schuster Mark A. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We explored gender role strain (GRS) arising from conflict between homosexuality and cultural conceptions of masculinity among young Black men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods. We conducted a categorical analysis (a qualitative, 3-stage, iterative analysis) of data from studies conducted in 2001 to 2006, which interviewed 35 men aged 18 to 24 years in 3 New York cities and Atlanta, Georgia. Results. Participants described rigid, often antihomosexual expectations of masculinity from their families, peers, and communities. Consistent with GRS, this conflict and pressure to conform to these expectations despite their homosexuality led to psychological distress, efforts to camouflage their homosexuality, and strategies to prove their masculinity. Participants believed this conflict and the associated experience of GRS might increase HIV risk through social isolation, poor self-esteem, reduced access to HIV prevention messages, and limited parental–family involvement in sexuality development and early sexual decision-making. Conclusions. Antihomosexual expectations of masculinity isolate young Black MSM during a developmental stage when interpersonal attachments are critical. GRS may influence sexual risk behavior and HIV risk and be an important target for HIV prevention.
The Cost-Effectiveness of New York City’s Safe Routes to School Program
Authors: Muennig Peter A. , Epstein Michael , Li Guohua , DiMaggio Charles 
Published: May 2014

Objective. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a package of roadway modifications in New York City funded under the Safe Routes to School (SRTS) program.Methods. We used a Markov model to estimate long-term impacts of SRTS on injury reduction and the associated savings in medical costs, lifelong disability, and death. Model inputs included societal costs (in 2013 US dollars) and observed spatiotemporal changes in injury rates associated with New York City’s implementation of SRTS relative to control intersections. Structural changes to roadways were assumed to last 50 years before further investment is required. Therefore, costs were discounted over 50 consecutive cohorts of modified roadway users under SRTS.Results. SRTS was associated with an overall net societal benefit of $230 million and 2055 quality-adjusted life years gained in New York City.Conclusions. SRTS reduces injuries and saves money over the long run.
Modeling US Adult Obesity Trends: A System Dynamics Model for Estimating Energy Imbalance Gap
Authors: Fallah-Fini Saeideh , Rahmandad Hazhir , Huang Terry T.-K. , Bures Regina M. , Glass Thomas A. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We present a system dynamics model that quantifies the energy imbalance gap responsible for the US adult obesity epidemic among gender and racial subpopulations. Methods. We divided the adult population into gender–race/ethnicity subpopulations and body mass index (BMI) classes. We defined transition rates between classes as a function of metabolic dynamics of individuals within each class. We estimated energy intake in each BMI class within the past 4 decades as a multiplication of the equilibrium energy intake of individuals in that class. Through calibration, we estimated the energy gap multiplier for each gender–race–BMI group by matching simulated BMI distributions for each subpopulation against national data with maximum likelihood estimation. Results. No subpopulation showed a negative or zero energy gap, suggesting that the obesity epidemic continues to worsen, albeit at a slower rate. In the past decade the epidemic has slowed for non-Hispanic Whites, is starting to slow for non-Hispanic Blacks, but continues to accelerate among Mexican Americans. Conclusions. The differential energy balance gap across subpopulations and over time suggests that interventions should be tailored to subpopulations’ needs.
Caregivers Who Refuse Preventive Care for Their Children: The Relationship Between Immunization and Topical Fluoride Refusal
Authors: Chi Donald L. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. The aim of this study was to examine caregivers’ refusal of preventive medical and dental care for children. Methods. Prevalence rates of topical fluoride refusal based on dental records and caregiver self-reports were estimated for children treated in 3 dental clinics in Washington State. A 60-item survey was administered to 1024 caregivers to evaluate the association between immunization and topical fluoride refusal. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence rate ratios (PRRs). Results. The prevalence of topical fluoride refusal was 4.9% according to dental records and 12.7% according to caregiver self-reports. The rate of immunization refusal was 27.4%. In the regression models, immunization refusal was significantly associated with topical fluoride refusal (dental record PRR = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32, 1.96; P < .001; caregiver self-report PRR = 6.20; 95% CI = 3.21, 11.98; P < .001). Caregivers younger than 35 years were significantly more likely than older caregivers to refuse both immunizations and topical fluoride (P < .05). Conclusions. Caregiver refusal of immunizations is associated with topical fluoride refusal. Future research should identify the behavioral and social factors related to caregiver refusal of preventive care with the goal of developing multidisciplinary strategies to help caregivers make optimal preventive care decisions for children.
Dynamic Interplay Among Homeostatic, Hedonic, and Cognitive Feedback Circuits Regulating Body Weight
Authors: Hall Kevin D. , Hammond Ross A. , Rahmandad Hazhir 
Published: May 2014

Obesity is associated with a prolonged imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, both of which are regulated by multiple feedback processes within and across individuals. These processes constitute 3 hierarchical control systems—homeostatic, hedonic, and cognitive—with extensive interaction among them. Understanding complex eating behavior requires consideration of all 3 systems and their interactions. Existing models of these processes are widely scattered, with relatively few attempts to integrate across mechanisms. We briefly review available empirical evidence and dynamic models, discussing challenges and potential for better integration. We conclude that developing richer models of dynamic interplay among systems should be a priority in the future study of obesity and that systems science modeling offers the potential to aid in this goal.