bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Health Care Setting: The Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms in Health Centers under the Primary Health Care Corporation PHCC, Qatar
Authors: Ngwu Faith Amarachi , Valisto Maria Nina Brenda , Hashem Ahmed Abd Elhamid , Elawad Khalid Hamid , Innes Rachel 
Published: August 2024

Wrong utilization of antimicrobial agents is the greatest cause of developing antibiotics resistance organisms in the human system. Also, hospital acquired infections are known to contribute to illness and earth that can arise from the resistance of organisms towards antimicrobials designed to kill these organism.
Our study looked at samples (n=1,522) which were confirmed in the laboratory to be resistance to one or more antimicrobials between year 2019-2021. The research team obtained an ethical approval from the ethics committee before the commencement of this research. The data extracted was carefully cleaned and verified by multiple research team members to ensure accurate data is utilized for the study.
The result of this study has revealed a prevalence of (1.35%) with the most implicated organism being the E.coli(87.5%) mostly resistance to the ESBL antibiotics group. Majority of the MDRO cases could be seen in adults between the age of 25 years to 29 years. Moreso, the females had the burden of MDROs when compared to the males visiting the same medical facilities(Female:87% : Male:13%).
With a significance prevalence of organisms’ resistance to one or more antibiotics group has been found in people receiving care at the PHCC health centers. There is need to evaluate and enhance the existing policies and guidelines surrounding the antibiotic prescription and administration. Additionally, the enhancement of the public health awareness regarding this condition should be intensified to reach the populations from the grassroot to the top. This strategies will give the community a good understanding of the cause and preventative measures against this rising trend and to avert the consequences that come with it.
Silver Nanoparticles Supported on Diamond Nanoparticles as a Highly Efficient Photocatalyst for the Fenton Reaction under Natural Sunlight Irradiation
Authors: Espinosa Juan C. , Navalón Sergio , Álvaro Mercedes , García Hermenegildo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDiamond nanoparticles (NPs) purified conveniently by Fenton oxidation and modified by a subsequent H2 annealing reduction (D3) are an adequate support for small Ag NPs that are highly active as a (photo‐)Fenton catalyst for phenol degradation. The efficiency of the reaction is accelerated upon exposure to natural sunlight. Ag/D3 is fairly stable under the reaction conditions and could be reused eight times with a marginal decrease in activity to reach an accumulated turnover number of 472 000. Upon sunlight illumination, Ag/D3 can be active even at quasineutral pH values, although an increase of the phenol degradation rate is observed if the initial pH value decreases to 4. Ag/D3 was more efficient than Ag NPs supported on graphite, active carbon, or TiO2 and similar to Au/D3. Thus, it seems that Ag/D3 is one of most efficient heterogeneous (photo‐)Fenton catalysts ever reported.
Ni‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Fluoroarenes via [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Involving α‐Fluorine Elimination
Authors: Fujita Takeshi , Watabe Yota , Ichitsuka Tomohiro , Ichikawa Junji 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA method for direct synthesis of tetrasubstituted fluoroarenes via nickel‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition is presented. The reaction combines one molecule of 1,1‐difluoroethylene with two molecules of alkynes and involves sequential cleavage of the CF and CH bonds in difluoroethylene. The catalytic cycle is established by reduction of the intermediary NiII fluoride with a triethylborane‐based borate.
Differences in Dynamics between Crosslinked and Non‐Crosslinked Hyaluronates Measured by using Fast Field‐Cycling Relaxometry
Authors: Ravera Enrico , Fragai Marco , Parigi Giacomo , Luchinat Claudio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe dynamic properties of water molecules in gels containing linear and crosslinked hyaluronic acid polymers are investigated by using an integrated approach that includes relaxometry, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. A model‐free analysis of field‐dependent nuclear relaxation is applied to obtain information on mobility and the population of different pools of water molecules in the gels. Differences between linear and crosslinked hyaluronic acid polymers are observed, indicating that crosslinking increases both the fraction and the correlation time of water molecules with slow dynamics.
A Noble‐Metal‐Free Nickel(II) Polypyridyl Catalyst for Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Production from Water
Authors: Yuan Yong‐Jun , Lu Hong‐Wei , Tu Ji‐Ren , Fang Yong , Yu Zhen‐Tao , Fan Xiao‐Xing , Zou Zhi‐Gang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe complex [Ni(bpy)3]2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) is an active catalyst for visible‐light‐driven H2 production from water when employed with [Ir(dfppy)2(Hdcbpy)] [dfppy=2‐(3,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridine, Hdcbpy=4‐carboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine‐4′‐carboxylate] as the photosensitizer and triethanolamine as the sacrificial electron donor. The highest turnover number of 520 with respect to the nickel(II) catalyst is obtained in a 8:2 acetonitrile/water solution at pH 9. The H2‐evolution system is more stable after the addition of an extra free bpy ligand, owing to faster catalyst regeneration. The photocatalytic results demonstrate that the nickel(II) polypyridyl catalyst can act as a more effective catalyst than the commonly utilized [Co(bpy)3]2+. This study may offer a new paradigm for constructing simple and noble‐metal‐free catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Hierarchical Nanohexagon Ceramic Sheet Layers as Platform Adsorbents for Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Insecticides from Agricultural Wastewater
Authors: Derbalah Aly , El‐Safty Sherif A. , Shenashen Mohamed A. , Khairy Mohamed 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHierarchical mesoporous and macroporous nanohexagon NiO sheets were fabricated via a hydrothermal‐guided synthesis route. This approach provided uniformly nanohexagonal ceramic sheets (with sizes of approximately 250–300 nm) having NiO active sites throughout the interior/exterior. The ceramic sheets with well‐dispersed pore windows serve as significant platform‐like adsorbents for the adsorption and recovery of a wide range of insecticides. A nanohexagon sheet adsorbent can accommodate insecticide molecules into the pore cavities or between the layer matrices which are directly accessible. The heterogeneous processing efficiency of insecticide adsorption was examined with a single ceramic sheet of the adsorbent at neutral pH and described in terms of the amount of uptake, removal of the multiple insecticide contaminants, and reusability. Experimental findings indicated that the platform‐like adsorbent effectively removed >95 % of the insecticide toxins in a one‐step batch adsorption process. Significantly, the complete recovery of multiple insecticide toxins from water sources could be achieved while maintaining the hierarchical hexagon sheet layered structures, thereby indicating its applicability for more than 20 reuse cycles. These nanohexagon sheet adsorbents can potentially satisfy the increasing need for the removal of hydrophilic and hydrophobic insecticides such as carbamates and organochlorines, respectively, from agriculture wastewater.
The development of an online database for interventions tested in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Egan K. J. , Vesterinen H. M. , McCann S. K. , Sena E. S. , MacLeod M. R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDespite many efforts by the research community, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still an incurable neurodegenerative condition that affects an estimated 44 million individuals worldwide and this figure is expected to increase to 135 million by the year 2050. As the research community currently reflects on previous endeavours, it is essential that we maximize the use of existing knowledge to inform future trials in the field. This article describes the development of a systematically identified data set relating to over 300 interventions tested in over 10,000 animals. The data set includes cohort‐level information for six structural outcomes and six behavioural assessments. We encourage others to use this dataset to inform the design of future animal experiments modelling AD and to promote effective translation to human health.
Investigation of Oxytocin Secretion in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: Relationships to Temperament Personality Dimensions
Authors: Monteleone Alessio Maria , Scognamiglio Pasquale , Volpe Umberto , Di Maso Virginia , Monteleone Palmiero 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPublished studies suggested an implication of oxytocin in some temperament characteristics of personality. Therefore, we measured oxytocin secretion in 23 women with anorexia nervosa (AN), 27 with bulimia nervosa (BN) and 19 healthy controls and explored the relationships between circulating oxytocin and patients' personality traits. Plasma oxytocin levels were significantly reduced in AN women but not in BN ones. In healthy women, the attachment subscale scores of the reward dependence temperament and the harm avoidance (HA) scores explained 82% of the variability in circulating oxytocin. In BN patients, plasma oxytocin resulted to be negatively correlated with HA, whereas no significant correlations emerged in AN patients. These findings confirm a dysregulation of oxytocin production in AN but not in BN and show, for the first time, a disruption of the associations between hormone levels and patients' temperament traits, which may have a role in certain deranged behaviours of eating disorder patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The clinical utility of naturalistic action test in differentiating mild cognitive impairment from early dementia in memory clinic
Authors: Bruce Irene , Ntlholang Ontefetse , Crosby Lisa , Cunningham Conal , Lawlor Brian 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the validity of the Naturalistic Action Test in differentiating Mild Cognitive Impairment from early dementia compared to clinical diagnosis and ascertain Naturalistic Action Test cut‐off points.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 70 consecutive patients diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment attending the memory clinic in St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Patients with a diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment who attended for routine annual assessment were asked to participate in the study. The Naturalistic Action Test was carried out after the patient had completed their routine assessment in the clinic.ResultsThe Area under the Curve, AUC ± SE was 0.808 ± 0.058, p < 0.001 with 95% CI (0.695–0.922). There was concordance in 40 and discrepancy in 30 patients between the NAT and the gold standard consensus diagnosis (PPV 38%, NPV 96%, sensitivity 94%, specificity 46% and accuracy 59%) using cut‐off point of ≥14 for normal function on Naturalistic Action Test. The difference was not related to age, sex, level of education or informant. Using the Youden index, we determined a Naturalistic Action Test cut‐off score of ≥11 for Mild Cognitive Impairment in our study (PPV 50%, NPV 91%, sensitivity 78%, specificity 73% and accuracy of 74%). There was discrepancy in 18 patients using the new cut‐off point (≥11 for Mild Cognitive Impairment vs ≤10 for dementia).ConclusionThe Naturalistic Action Test is a useful tool that can increase diagnostic accuracy in differentiating Mild Cognitive Impairment from early dementia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐modal Interactions between Color and Texture of Food
Authors: Chylinski Mathew , Northey Gavin , Ngo Liem Viet 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTColor has a profound influence on human perception. Not only does it cause changes in physiological or emotional states, it can shape what is perceived in other sensory modalities. However, the body of research on these “cross‐modal” experiences has predominantly examined color's influence on taste and smell. As such, the aim of this study was to identify the cross‐modal influence of color on the sense of touch. In four experiments involving food products, the cross‐modal interaction between color and texture was found to be automatic, unlearned, and a moderating effect on perceived texture. Furthermore, results indicate a person's haptic predisposition, or “need for touch,” influences their sensitivity to these cross‐modal effects. This research builds on current theory involving color, presents a number of areas for future research, and discusses managerial implications of color–texture cross‐modal interactions.
Two state particles, mixing entropy and negative temperatures revisited
Authors: Hoffmann H.‐J. 
Published: August 2015

The interrelation of thermodynamics and statistical properties of quantum systems can be demonstrated with comparatively little mathematical effort using two state systems (or two state particles). Basic results are summarized for this model system. The entropy can be interpreted as the entropy of mixing particles in their low and high energy state. Thus, an apparent single component system can be considered as a two component system with variable particle numbers. This result has recently been generalized for elementary bosonic and fermionic systems or particles with many different excited states. In this case, one has to take into account as many components as different internal states of the particles are available. The numbers of particles of each component, however, are not constant but depend on the temperature at thermal equilibrium according to statistical principles.In the literature, the concept of negative internal temperatures was previously introduced to characterize and describe special inverted occupation probabilities out of thermal equilibrium. This interpretation of inverted occupation numbers is revisited explicitly for nuclear spin systems. The interpretation of inverted occupancy by negative temperature is based on ignoring athermal contributions to the internal energy due to the inversion procedure. Accordingly, negative temperatures are not justified in the case of systems out of thermal equilibrium but seem to be misleading and confusing. Instead, the different states of the particles represent distinctive components possessing different chemical potentials, magnetic moments or other properties. The present paper intends to remove the confusion about negative temperatures. It shows how processes out of thermal equilibrium are described and understood without difficulties by balancing the different kinds of particles together with their energy and production of entropy within the framework of thermodynamics.
Diffusion imaging of nigral alterations in early Parkinson's disease with dopaminergic deficits
Authors: Schuff Norbert , Wu I‐Wei , Buckley Shannon , Foster Eric D. , Coffey Christopher S. , Gitelman Darren R. , Mendick Susan , Seibyl John , Simuni Tanya , Zhang Yu , Jankovic Joseph , Hunter Christine , Tanner Caroline M. , Rees Linda , Factor Stewart , Berg Daniela , Wurster Isabel , Gauss Katharina , Sprenger Fabienne , Seppi Klaus , Poewe Werner , Mollenhauer Brit , Knake Susanne , Mari Zoltan , McCoy Arita , Ranola Madelaine , Marek Kenneth 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study reports the baseline characteristics of diffusion tensor imaging data in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and healthy control subjects from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. The main goals were to replicate previous findings of abnormal diffusion imaging values from the substantia nigra. in a large multicenter cohort and determine whether nigral diffusion alterations are associated with dopamine deficits.MethodsTwo hundred twenty subjects (PD = 153; control = 67) from 10 imaging sites were included. All subjects had a full neurological exam, a (123I)ioflupane dopamine transporter (DAT) single‐photon emission computer tomography scan, and diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy as well as radial and axial diffusivity was computed within multiple regions across the substantia nigra.ResultsA repeated‐measures analysis of variance found a marginally nonsignificant interaction between regional fractional anisotropy of the substantia nigra and disease status (P = 0.08), conflicting with an earlier study. However, a linear mixed model that included control regions in addition to the nigral regions revealed a significant interaction between regions and disease status (P = 0.002), implying a characteristic distribution of reduced fractional anisotropy across the substantia nigra in PD. Reduced fractional anisotropy in PD was also associated with diminished DAT binding ratios. Both axial and radial diffusivity were also abnormal in PD.ConclusionsAlthough routine nigral measurements of fractional anisotropy are clinically not helpful, the findings in this study suggest that more‐sophisticated diffusion imaging protocols should be used when exploring the clinical utility of this imaging modality. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Improving diabetes outcomes through lifestyle change – A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Delahanty Linda M. , Dalton Kristen M. , Porneala Bianca , Chang Yuchiao , Goldman Valerie M. , Levy Douglas , Nathan David M. , Wexler Deborah J. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo compare a diabetes group lifestyle intervention (GLI) with dietitian referral for medical nutrition therapy (RD) for weight loss in the usual care setting.MethodsRandomized clinical trial was conducted with 57 primary care patients with type 2 diabetes and body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 who received either a dietitian‐led 19‐week GLI adapted from the Look AHEAD study or RD. Outcome measures include 6‐month and 1‐year weight loss, changes in medications, glycemic control, cardiac risk factors, and cost analysis.ResultsPatients were mean age 61, 59% male, and 32% non‐white, and they weighed 97 kg with mean HbA1c 8.2%. At 6 months, 46% of GLI vs. 21% of RD lost ≥5% body weight (P = 0.04), with mean weight loss 6.6 (SD 7.0) kg with GLI and 2.1 (3.5) kg in RD (P = 0.004). HbA1c improved by 0.70 (1.13) vs. 0.39 (1.51) in GLI vs. RD (P = 0.4), respectively, and 82% vs. 38% stopped or reduced diabetes medications (P < 0.001). Weight loss remained significantly greater in GLI compared to RD at 1 year. GLI program cost was $578 per participant.ConclusionsAn affordable GLI achieved significantly more weight loss and medication reduction than RD in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes.
The dissipation of fipronil, chlorpyrifos, fosthiazate and ethoprophos in soils from potato monoculture areas: first evidence for the enhanced biodegradation of fosthiazate
Authors: Papadopoulou Evangelia S , Lagos Stathis , Spentza Flora , Vidiadakis Evangelos , Karas Panagiotis A , Klitsinaris Tassos , Karpouzas Dimitrios G 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDA limited number of pesticides are available for the control of soil pests in potato. This, together with the monoculture nature of potato cultivation, does not favour chemical rotation, increasing the risk of reduced biological efficacy due to microbial adaptation. The dissipation of three major organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, ethoprophos and fosthiazate) was studied in comparison with fipronil, an insecticide recently introduced in potato cultivation, in 17 soils from potato monoculture areas in Greece to explore the extent of enhanced biodegradation development.RESULTSThe dissipation time of the four pesticides varied in the different soils, with DT50 values of 1.7–30.8 days, 2.7–56 days, 7.0–31.0 days and 24.5–116.5 days for fosthiazate, chlorpyrifos, ethoprophos and fipronil, respectively. A rapid dissipation of ethoprophos and fosthiazate in two soils with previous exposure to these nematicides provided first evidence for the development of enhanced biodegradation. Sterilisation of the given soils inhibited the dissipation of fosthiazate. Additionally, fosthiazate dissipation in the soils increased upon repeated applications.CONCLUSIONThe development of enhanced biodegradation of fosthiazate in soils from potato monoculture regions was verified. This is the first report of enhanced biodegradation for this chemical. Further studies will focus on the isolation of microorganisms responsible for the dissipation of fosthiazate. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The Computerized Generation of Fractional‐replicate Designs Using Galois Fields and Hadamard Matrices
Authors: Zemroch Peter J. 
Published: August 2015

Many statistical programs can now generate fractional‐replicate designs, but most depend on built‐in libraries of experimental plans. Relatively few have design generation algorithms that would give the user true flexibility in the numbers of tests, factors, and factor levels. Powerful search algorithms are now available for generating a wide range of blocked and fractional‐replicate designs using design keys, but these are mostly regular designs with pqunits and factors with p, p2, … levels, where p is prime.Many useful classes of irregular design also exist with numbers of units and factor levels which are not powers of p, and the construction rules for most of these use Galois fields and Hadamard matrices in some way. However, the underlying mathematics can be difficult. The aim of this paper is to collate algorithms to expedite the implementation of these structures in software and to present these in an accessible form to a wider community. The use of Galois fields and Hadamard matrices in generating important design classes, such as the fractional 2kPlackett–Burman and skAddelman–Kempthorne designs, is then detailed.Combining these algorithms with design key searches gives an arsenal of methods that can generate almost all existent balanced fractional‐replicate designs of sizes likely to be used in real‐world experimentation. These methods have all been implemented in the KEYFINDER program, which is available from the author, free of charge. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relative quantification of human β‐defensins by a proteomics approach based on selected reaction monitoring
Authors: Kalló Gergő , Chatterjee Arunima , Tóth Márta , Rajnavölgyi Éva , Csutak Adrienne , Tőzsér József , Csősz Éva 
Published: August 2015

RationaleA targeted proteomics method based on selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is a relevant approach for the analysis of multiple analytes in biological samples. Defensins are phylogenetically conserved small antimicrobial peptides contributing to innate host defense and exhibiting low immunogenicity, resistance to proteolysis and a broad range of antimicrobial activities. The goal of the present study was to develop and optimize SRM‐based targeted proteomics methods for the detection of human β‐defensins 1–4 in various biological fluids.MethodsAn SRM‐based targeted proteomics method was developed and validated for the detection of human β‐defensins 1–4. The supernatants of resting and IL‐1β‐stimulated Caco2, HT‐29 and SW‐1116 colonic epithelial cells (CEC), cell lysates of CECs and tear samples of human healthy individuals were analyzed and the feasibility of the developed method was validated by ELISA and dot‐blot analysis complemented by RT‐qPCR.ResultsOur results demonstrate that the developed SRM method offers an alternative approach for the cost‐effective and rapid analysis of human β‐defensins in samples with biological relevance.ConclusionsA semi‐quantitative targeted mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the relative quantification of β‐defensins 1–4 in cell culture supernatants and body fluid analyses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.