bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creditor Rights, Country Governance, and Corporate Cash Holdings
Authors: Seifert Bruce , Gonenc Halit 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study examines the impact of creditor rights and country governance on cash holdings using a sample of firms from 47 countries. We hypothesize that cash holdings are smaller when both creditor rights and country governance are high. In these circumstances firms will not need to hold as much cash for future investments needs (precautionary funds) because firms will expect that funds will be available in the future. Our findings support our hypothesis and hold for alternative definitions for cash holdings, different country samples, different definitions of governance and concerns about endogeneity.
Shortcomings of prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients living in long‐term care facilities
Authors: Steinmassl P.‐A. , Steinmassl O. , Kraus G. , Dumfahrt H. , Grunert I. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryRemovable dentures are a non‐invasive, cost‐effective prosthodontic solution for the reduced dentition. Their intended purpose is the rehabilitation of harmonious oral function and aesthetics on a long‐term basis. The prevalence of removable dentures among patients of advanced age is high and the quality of the dentures is often poor. The aim of this study was to find the most important shortcomings of removable dentures and address the main targets for improving the quality of prosthodontic rehabilitation. The records from dental check‐ups in Austrian residential homes were analysed retrospectively. Dental anamnesis questionnaires and data from the clinical examinations of 105 denture wearers were analysed. The functional condition and retention of 192 dentures had been assessed, as well as the impact of the dentures on the intra‐oral tissues. Insufficient denture retention was very common, particularly in the lower jaw (56·0%). Problems with the masticatory function were reported by 26.7% of the denture wearers, 11·4% were dissatisfied with the denture aesthetics, and 4·8% had difficulties with phonetics. Traumatic ulcers were found in 18·1%. Cracks, broken pieces (6·3%) or missing denture teeth (2·1%) were rare. It may be assumed that the findings of the present study also apply to a great percentage of community‐dwelling seniors. The most important issues in prosthodontic rehabilitation with removable dentures are denture retention and masticatory function. Regular dental check‐ups, denture adjustment and, when necessary, relining can maintain the primary denture quality and prevent damages of the oral tissues caused by ill‐fitting dentures.
Supporting the Whole Child Through Coordinated Policies, Processes, and Practices
Authors: Murray Sharon D. , Hurley James , Ahmed Shannon R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model provides a framework for promoting greater alignment, integration, and collaboration between health and education across the school setting and improving students' cognitive, physical, social, and emotional development. By providing a learning environment that ensures each student is emotionally and physically healthy, safe, actively engaged, supported, and challenged, the WSCC model presents a framework for school systems to evaluate, streamline, implement, and sustain policies, processes, and practices.METHODSThis article examines the essential roles of the school district and of schools in aligning, developing, and implementing policy, processes, and practices to create optimal learning environments that support the whole child.RESULTSThree key factors advance efforts to align policies, processes, and practices. These include hiring a coordinator at the district and school levels, having collaborative teams address health and learning at the district and school levels, and using data to make decisions and build health outcomes into school and district accountability systems.CONCLUSIONSThese key factors provide a road map for successfully implementing WSCC. More research is needed to determine the extent that coordinators, collaborative teams, and the inclusion of health indicators in accountability systems impact student health and learning.
Lessons Learned From the Whole Child and Coordinated School Health Approaches
Authors: Rasberry Catherine N. , Slade Sean , Lohrmann David K. , Valois Robert F. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe new Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model, designed to depict links between health and learning, is founded on concepts of coordinated school health (CSH) and a whole child approach to education.METHODSThe existing literature, including scientific articles and key publications from national agencies and organizations, was reviewed and synthesized to describe (1) the historical context for CSH and a whole child approach, and (2) lessons learned from the implementation and evaluation of these approaches.RESULTSThe literature revealed that interventions conducted in the context of CSH can improve health‐related and academic outcomes, as well as policies, programs, or partnerships. Several structural elements and processes have proved useful for implementing CSH and a whole child approach in schools, including use of school health coordinators, school‐level and district‐level councils or teams; systematic assessment and planning; strong leadership and administrative support, particularly from school principals; integration of health‐related goals into school improvement plans; and strong community collaborations.CONCLUSIONSLessons learned from years of experience with CSH and the whole child approaches have applicability for developing a better understanding of the WSCC model as well as maximizing and documenting its potential for impacting both health and education outcomes.
How the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model Works: Creating Greater Alignment, Integration, and Collaboration Between Health and Education
Authors: Chiang Rachelle Johnsson , Meagher Whitney , Slade Sean 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model calls for greater collaboration across the community, school, and health sectors to meet the needs and support the full potential of each child. This article reports on how 3 states and 2 local school districts have implemented aspects of the WSCC model through collaboration, leadership and policy creation, alignment, and implementation.METHODSWe searched state health and education department websites, local school district websites, state legislative databases, and sources of peer‐reviewed and gray literature to identify materials demonstrating adoption and implementation of coordinated school health, the WSCC model, and associated policies and practices in identified states and districts. We conducted informal interviews in each state and district to reinforce the document review.RESULTSStates and local school districts have been able to strategically increase collaboration, integration, and alignment of health and education through the adoption and implementation of policy and practice supporting the WSCC model. Successful utilization of the WSCC model has led to substantial positive changes in school health environments, policies, and practices.CONCLUSIONSCollaboration among health and education sectors to integrate and align services may lead to improved efficiencies and better health and education outcomes for students.
Diagnosing appendicitis: What works, what does not and where to go from here?
Authors: Craig Simon , Dalton Sarah 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough acute appendicitis is the most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery in children, diagnosis is far from straightforward. Delays in diagnosis can result in significant complications, whereas over‐diagnosis can result in costly inter‐hospital transfers and unnecessary surgery. This article aims to describe current evidence‐based assessment of children with possible appendicitis presenting to the emergency department. We provide an overview of the literature relating to the various available diagnostic approaches, including the application of history, examination, pathology tests, imaging, and clinical decision rules.
Soybean Oil Volume Fraction Effects on the Rheology Characteristics and Gelation Behavior of Glucono‐δ‐Lactone and Calcium Sulfate‐Induced Tofu Gels
Authors: Nicole Murekatete , Caimeng Zhang , Joseph Hategekimana , Eric Karangwa , Yufei Hua 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe effects soybean oil volume fraction on the rheological characteristics and gelation behavior of acid and salt‐induced soft tofu‐type gels was investigated. High oil volume fraction resulted in lower gel point temperature and shorter gelation time (tgel) while G′ at the gel point increased as the oil volume fraction in the gels increased. A power law relationship tgel, gel point temperature and oil concentration was found and also the plot of G′ versus oil concentration fitted well in the model: G′∼CA. The exponent “A” was positive in salt‐induced gels but negative in acid‐induced gels. This gelation behavior trend was demonstrated by estimating the composite gel shear modulus, which showed that, in salt‐induced gels the stiffness of the oil droplets was higher than the one of the gel matrix while it was the opposite in acid‐induced gels. Furthermore, the weak gel model was used to analyze and describe the network extension and its strength.Practical ApplicationsIn this comparative study, soybean oil volume fraction effects on the rheological characteristics and gelation behavior of acid and salt‐induced soft tofu‐type gels was established. Different coagulation temperatures and coagulants were used. The study gives new insights on the protein‐to‐oil droplets interactions during gelation at different pHs in a tofu gel like product. The better understanding of the gelation mechanism, small and large scale deformations of soy protein gels with additional oil, is industrially relevant, as it will help in better process line design, monitoring and quality control which would potentially lead to the development of novel soy‐based and dairy free cheeses products. Additionally, the parameters and conditions used were closely related to the ones used during soft silken tofu making, therefore, ensuring the process implementation much easier.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gamithromycin in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid in naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease in multisource commingled feedlot cattle
Authors: DeDonder K. D. , Apley M. D. , Li M. , Gehring R. , Harhay D. M. , Lubbers B. V. , White B. J. , Capik S. F. , KuKanich B. , Riviere J. E. , Tessman R. K. 
Published: October 2015

The objectives of this study were to determine (i) whether an association exists between individual pharmacokinetic parameters and treatment outcome when feeder cattle were diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and treated with gamithromycin (Zactran®) at the label dose and (ii) whether there was a stronger association between treatment outcome and gamithromycin concentration in plasma or in the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) effect compartment. The study design was a prospective, blinded, randomized clinical trial utilizing three groups of 60 (362–592 lb) steers/bulls randomly allocated within origin to sham injection or gamithromycin mass medication. Cattle were evaluated daily for signs of BRD by a veterinarian blinded to treatment. Animals meeting the BRD case definition were enrolled and allocated to a sample collection scheme consisting of samples for bacterial isolation (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and nasopharyngeal swabs) and gamithromycin concentration determination (PELF and plasma). Gamithromycin susceptibility of M. haemolytica (n = 287) and P. multocida (n = 257) were determined using broth microdilution with frozen panels containing gamithromycin at concentrations from 0.03 to 16 μg/mL. A two‐compartment plasma pharmacokinetic model with an additional compartment for gamithromycin in PELF was developed using rich data sets from published and unpublished studies. The sparse data from our study were then fit to this model using nonlinear mixed effects modeling to estimate individual parameter values. The resulting parameter estimates were used to simulate full time–concentration profiles for each animal in this study. These profiles were analyzed using noncompartmental methods so that PK/PD indices (AUC24/MIC, AUC∞/MIC, CMAX/MIC) could be calculated for plasma and PELF (also T>MIC) for each individual. The calculated PK/PD indices were indicative that for both M. haemolytica and P. multocida a higher drug exposure in terms of concentration, and duration of exposure relative to the MIC of the target pathogen, was favorable to a successful case outcome. A significant association was found between treatment success and PELF AUC0–24/MIC for P. multocida. The calves in this study demonstrated an increased clearance and volume of distribution in plasma as compared to the healthy calves in two previously published reports. Ultimately, the findings from this study indicate that higher PK/PD indices were predictive of positive treatment outcomes.
Factors Affecting Grammatical and Lexical Complexity of Long‐Term L2 Speakers’ Oral Proficiency
Authors: Lahmann Cornelia , Steinkrauss Rasmus , Schmid Monika S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThere remains considerable disagreement about which factors drive second language (L2) ultimate attainment. Age of onset (AO) appears to be a robust factor, lending support to theories of maturational constraints on L2 acquisition. The present study is an investigation of factors that influence grammatical and lexical complexity at the stage of L2 ultimate attainment. Grammatical and lexical complexity were assessed in 102 spontaneous oral interviews. Interviewees’ AOs ranged from 7 to 17 years old. Multifactorial analyses yielded consistently significant effects of gender and level of education for grammatical and lexical complexity. Additionally, native language use at work was a significant predictor for lexical complexity; conversely, AO did not emerge as a significant factor. We conclude that grammatical and lexical complexity at the stage of L2 ultimate attainment is the result of a complex interplay of variables that are general to language learning and performance rather than L2 specific.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris‐database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Silencing Nicotiana attenuata LHY and ZTL alters circadian rhythms in flowers
Authors: Yon Felipe , Joo Youngsung , Cortés Llorca Lucas , Rothe Eva , Baldwin Ian T. , Kim Sang‐Gyu 
Published: October 2015

Summary

The rhythmic opening/closing and volatile emissions of flowers are known to attract pollinators at specific times. That these rhythms are maintained under constant light or dark conditions suggests a circadian clock involvement. Although a forward and reverse genetic approach has led to the identification of core circadian clock components in Arabidopsis thaliana, the involvement of these clock components in floral rhythms has remained untested, probably because of the weak diurnal rhythms in A. thaliana flowers.

Here, we addressed the role of these core clock components in the flowers of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata, whose flowers open at night, emit benzyl acetone (BA) scents and move vertically through a 140° arc.

We first measured N. attenuata floral rhythms under constant light conditions. The results suggest that the circadian clock controls flower opening, BA emission and pedicel movement, but not flower closing.

We generated transgenic N. attenuata lines silenced in the homologous genes of Arabidopsis LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and ZEITLUPE (ZTL), which are known to be core clock components. Silencing NaLHY and NaZTL strongly altered floral rhythms in different ways, indicating that conserved clock components in N. attenuata coordinate these floral rhythms.
Childhood obesity as a predictor of morbidity in adulthood: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Llewellyn A. , Simmonds M. , Owen C. G. , Woolacott N. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryObese children are at higher risk of being obese as adults, and adult obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity. This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigates the ability of childhood body mass index (BMI) to predict obesity‐related morbidities in adulthood. Thirty‐seven studies were included. High childhood BMI was associated with an increased incidence of adult diabetes (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.30–2.22), coronary heart disease (CHD) (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.10–1.31) and a range of cancers, but not stroke or breast cancer. The accuracy of childhood BMI when predicting any adult morbidity was low. Only 31% of future diabetes and 22% of future hypertension and CHD occurred in children aged 12 or over classified as being overweight or obese. Only 20% of all adult cancers occurred in children classified as being overweight or obese. Childhood obesity is associated with moderately increased risks of adult obesity‐related morbidity, but the increase in risk is not large enough for childhood BMI to be a good predictor of the incidence of adult morbidities. This is because the majority of adult obesity‐related morbidity occurs in adults who were of healthy weight in childhood. Therefore, targeting obesity reduction solely at obese or overweight children may not substantially reduce the overall burden of obesity‐related disease in adulthood.
Emerging Hubs in Plant Light and Temperature Signaling
Authors: Lorenzo Christian D. , Sanchez‐Lamas Maximiliano , Antonietti Mariana S. , Cerdán Pablo D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDue to their nature as sessile organisms, plants must accurately sense their surroundings and then translate this information into efficient acclimation responses to maximize development. Light and temperature are two major stimuli that provide immediate cues regarding energy availability, daylength, proximity of other species and seasonal changes. Both cues are sensed by complex systems and the integration of these signals is of very high value to properly respond to environmental changes without being disguised by random changes. For instance a cold day has a different significance if it occurs during the illuminated phase of the day or during the night, or when days are shortening during the fall instead of a long‐day in spring. Here, we summarize recent advances in the nature of signaling components that operate as connectors of light and temperature signaling, with emphasis on the emerging hubs. Despite the nature of the thermosensors is still in its infancy compared to an important body of knowledge about plant sensory photoreceptors, the interaction of both types of signaling will not only bring clues of how plants integrate environmental information, but also will help in leading research in the nature of the thermosensors themselves.
Business as a Collaborative Partner: Understanding Firms’ Sociopolitical Support for Policy Formation
Authors: Kim Younsung , Darnall Nicole 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhile many scholars have discussed the merits of collaborative governance, especially for addressing complicated modern policy challenges, the literature has paid less attention to how business can serve as an effective collaborative partner during the formation of mandatory policies and regulations. Drawing on scholarship in the management sciences and combining it with literature in public administration and public policy, the authors elaborate on four distinct types of business responses to proposed regulations based on degrees of political activity and social responsiveness: defensive, reactive, proactive, and anticipatory. They then characterize the reasons why proactive firms are more likely to be valuable collaborative partners with policy makers and public managers: their engagement may avoid costly stalemates that frequently hinder policy making and help develop cost‐effective, flexible policy approaches to complex social problems.
Composite Estimating Equation Method for the Accelerated Failure Time Model with Length‐biased Sampling Data
Authors: Qiu Zhiping , Qin Jing , Zhou Yong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLength‐biased sampling data are often encountered in the studies of economics, industrial reliability, epidemiology, genetics and cancer screening. The complication of this type of data is due to the fact that the observed lifetimes suffer from left truncation and right censoring, where the left truncation variable has a uniform distribution. In the Cox proportional hazards model, Huang & Qin (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 107, 2012, p. 107) proposed a composite partial likelihood method which not only has the simplicity of the popular partial likelihood estimator, but also can be easily performed by the standard statistical software. The accelerated failure time model has become a useful alternative to the Cox proportional hazards model. In this paper, by using the composite partial likelihood technique, we study this model with length‐biased sampling data. The proposed method has a very simple form and is robust when the assumption that the censoring time is independent of the covariate is violated. To ease the difficulty of calculations when solving the non‐smooth estimating equation, we use a kernel smoothed estimation method (Heller;Journal of the American Statistical Association, 102, 2007, p. 552). Large sample results and a re‐sampling method for the variance estimation are discussed. Some simulation studies are conducted to compare the performance of the proposed method with other existing methods. A real data set is used for illustration.
Sex Ratio Effects on Marital Formation and Dissolution, 1980–2000
Authors: Dollar Cindy Brooks 
Published: October 2015

Although marriage market characteristics are often used to explain in–out marriage transitions, Guttentag and Secord's sex ratio thesis provides a unique theoretical framework by which to elucidate marriage and divorce. The theory emphasizes the availability of “opposite” sex partners as an important factor, but hypothesized outcomes assume a gendered marriage market whereby males are more socioeconomically powerful than females. Using geographically standardized census tract data (N = 65,443), I examine the theory empirically across three decennial time points. After establishing that males, on average, hold a disproportionate amount of socioeconomic power, I conduct cross‐sectional regression analyses of marriage and divorce from 1980 to 2000. Results partially support the theory. While female marriage is consistently related to sex ratios as expected, sex ratios influence male marriage as expected only in some time periods and female and male divorce do not operate as expected in any time point. The findings imply that marriage entry and dissolution have distinctive causal mechanisms, suggesting the need for further theorization and research.