bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Modern Tools To Probe the Structure–Function Relationship of Fatty Acid Synthases
Authors: Finzel Kara , Lee D. John , Burkart Michael D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFatty acid biosynthesis is essential to life and represents one of the most conserved pathways in nature, preserving the same handful of chemical reactions across all species. Recent interest in the molecular details of the de novo fatty acid synthase (FAS) has been heightened by demand for renewable fuels and the emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains. Central to FAS is the acyl carrier protein (ACP), a protein chaperone that shuttles the growing acyl chain between catalytic enzymes within the FAS. Human efforts to alter fatty acid biosynthesis for oil production, chemical feedstock, or antimicrobial purposes has been met with limited success, due in part to a lack of detailed molecular information behind the ACP–partner protein interactions inherent to the pathway. This review will focus on recently developed tools for the modification of ACP and analysis of protein–protein interactions, such as mechanism‐based crosslinking, and the studies exploiting them. Discussion specific to each enzymatic domain will focus first on mechanism and known inhibitors, followed by available structures and known interactions with ACP. Although significant unknowns remain, new understandings of the intricacies of FAS point to future advances in manipulating this complex molecular factory.
Atrial fibrillation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Room for improvement
Authors: Krishnaswamy Amar , Tuzcu E. Murat 
Published: February 2015

Key Points

Demonstrates the burden of AF in patients undergoing TAVR
Highlights the association of AF with adverse outcomes and the low rate of anticoagulation for patients with AF after TAVR
Provides a background for consideration of left atrial appendage occlusion devices in patients with AF after TAVR
Covered stents—we need them, but it would be better if we didn't
Authors: Latson Larry A. 
Published: February 2015

Key Points

Right ventricular outflow tract conduit disruption occurs in about 6% of transcatheter pulmonary valve placement procedures, with highest risk in patients with larger gradients
The Covered Cheatham‐Platinum Stent is an effective treatment for acute events, but longer‐term follow‐up data is still lacking
Pre‐placement of a covered stent in high risk patients should be further evaluated
Once normal coronary arteries, always normal coronary arteries?
Authors: Pilgrim Thomas , Meier Bernhard 
Published: February 2015

Key Points

Completely normal coronary arteries on an angiogram all but guarantee a course free of coronary artery disease.
Documented normal coronary arteries need not to be restudied for many years to come if at all.
A larger study with coronary angiograms assessed as completely normal by a panel and with at least 10‐year follow‐up needs to corroborate these conclusions.
The TAVI stent frame: Minimum security prison for the coronary arteries
Authors: Safian Robert D. 
Published: February 2015

Key Points

MDCT performed 1 month after TAVI identified partial or complete coverage of more than 33.6% of coronary artery ostia
There was no relationship between coronary ostial coverage and subsequent myocardial infarction, need for late PCI, or success of PCI.
While the risk of coronary artery occlusion is low after TAVI, the risk of occlusion may be higher and the ability to access the coronary arteries may be lower if the coronary height is < 10 mm, the sinuses of Valsalva are effaced, the patient requires valve‐in‐valve procedure, or the stent frame consists of a tightly woven braided design.
Use of intravascular ultrasound to guide endovascular repair of popliteal artery aneurysms
Authors: Raney Aidan R. , Stinis Curtiss T. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the outcomes of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) directed endovascular exclusion of popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) using stent grafts.MethodsClinical data of seven patients who underwent endovascular exclusion of PAA using IVUS guidance between 2009 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Outcome measures included graft patency, endoleak, and clinical symptoms.ResultsA total of seven patients were treated with Viabahn stent grafts using IVUS guidance. No patients were lost to follow‐up (mean 12 ± 2 months). Patients had an average of two vessel runoff at the end of the procedure. All patients were symptom free with patent stents and no evidence of endoleak at follow‐up.ConclusionsUse of IVUS during endovascular treatment of PAA allows the physician to fully appreciate the anatomy of PAA, including location and extent of thrombus burden and the diameter and location of desired landing zones for appropriate sealing of the aneurysm proximally and distally. IVUS‐guided treatment is associated with excellent outcomes and does not increase procedural radiation and contrast load. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quadricuspid aortic valve and anomalous origin of the left circumflex coronary artery in a young man with Down syndrome
Authors: Bassareo Pier Paolo , Hasan Tammam , Bonvicini Marco , Mercuro Giuseppe 
Published: February 2015

Key Clinical MessageThe Authors present the case of an asymptomatic 36‐year‐old man, affected by Down syndrome, with an unexpected quadricuspid aortic valve coupled with the anomalous origin of the left circumflex coronary artery from the proximal right coronary artery. This is the first report of the concomitant presence of these three conditions.
Streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis in a pleural effusion smear with concomitant Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Austein Thorsten 
Published: February 2015

Key Clinical MessageUsually identification of the causative bacteria for an episode of sepsis is achieved using microbiological culture of blood or body fluid. In the case of pleural effusion and fever, a microscopic examination of the pleural effusion smear to identify the bacteria responsible should be performed immediately to optimize the selection of antibiotic therapy regimen.
Induction with azacytidine followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a Jehovah's Witness with acute monocytic leukemia
Authors: Garelius Hege , Grund Sofia , Stockelberg Dick 
Published: February 2015

Key Clinical MessageWe have used a hypomethylating agent instead of conventional chemotherapy to induce remission in a young Jehovah's Witness with acute monocytic leukemia to avoid severe myelosuppression and blood product support. The treatment was consolidated with reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation. This could be an alternative when transfusions must be avoided.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome postpartum
Authors: Nielsen Lise Hald , Grøn Brian Stausbøl , Ovesen Per Glud 
Published: February 2015

Key Clinical MessagePreeclampsia (PE) should be considered in women with headache who are in gestational week 20 or more, are in labor, or have recently given birth. Early diagnosis is essential to arrest disease progression and further prognosis in PE.
Selective Oxidation with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide by [PO4{WO(O2)2}4]3−Supported on Zinc‐Modified Tin Dioxide
Authors: Nojima Susumu , Kamata Keigo , Suzuki Kosuke , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe prepared supported phosphorus‐containing tetranuclear peroxotungstate ([PO4{WO(O2)2}4]3−, denoted by PW4) catalysts by using zinc‐modified SnO2supports with different zinc contents [PW4‐Zn(x)/SnO2, in whichxdenotes the zinc content (wt %)]. The supported catalysts, in particular PW4‐Zn(0.8)/SnO2, could act as efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalysts for selective oxidation with aqueous H2O2as the terminal oxidant. The catalytic performance of PW4‐Zn(0.8)/SnO2was much superior to those of the corresponding homogeneous analogue THA3PW4 (THA=tetra‐n‐hexylammonium) and the previously reported tungstate‐based heterogeneous catalysts such as our W‐Zn/SnO2. In the presence of PW4‐Zn(0.8)/SnO2, various types of organic substrates such as alkenes, amines, silanes, and sulfides could be converted into the corresponding oxygenated products in high to excellent yields by using near‐stoichiometric amounts of H2O2with respect to the substrates (typically 1.2 equiv.). The PW4 species interacting with highly dispersed Zn2+species on SnO2likely plays an important role in the present oxidation.
A CuII‐N,P Oxazolinylferrocene Ligand Complex for the Asymmetric [3+2] 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylide with Malonates
Authors: Dai Li , Xu Di , Tang Li‐Wei , Zhou Zhi‐Ming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA series of enantioselective pyrrolidine‐2,4,4‐tricarboxylate derivatives were synthesized by the [3+2] 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide with alkylidene malonates. By using 4 mol % of a CuIIN,P oxazolinylferrocene ligand complex and 10 mol % of a base, pyrrolidine analogues were obtained in high yields (77–99 %) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee).
Hybrid Conducting Biofilm with Built‐in Bacteria for High‐Performance Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhao Cui‐e , Wu Jiansheng , Ding Yuanzhao , Wang Victor Bochuan , Zhang Yingdan , Kjelleberg Staffan , Loo Joachim Say Chye , Cao Bin , Zhang Qichun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEfficiently transporting extracellular electrons from microbial biofilms to the electrodes is challenging and critical in achieving high‐performance microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this work, we develop a simple and effective method to fabricate hybrid electroactive biofilms by inserting bacteria into graphene–carbon‐nanotube (G–CNT) networks (namely, G–CNT‐biofilm) as an anode for MFCs. This novel architecture greatly enhances direct extracellular electron transfer between Shewanella oneidensis and the electrode, due to strong adhesion of the hybrid conducting biofilm onto the anode surface, as well as the large surface area of graphene and the high conductivity of CNTs. A current density of 120 μA cm−2 and a maximum power density of 97.9 μW cm−2 are obtained in the MFC with the hybrid biofilm anode, which is significantly higher than those of a naturally growing biofilm anode (20 μA cm−2 and 6.5 μW cm−2).
Morphology and Phase Evolution of CoAl Layered Double Hydroxides in an Alkaline Environment with Enhanced Pseudocapacitive Performance
Authors: Xu Tianhao , Wu Xiaochao , Li Yingjie , Xu Wenwen , Lu Zhiyi , Li Yaping , Lei Xiaodong , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe morphology and phase transformation of CoAl layered double hydroxide (denoted CAL) nanoplates are systematically investigated in highly concentrated basic solution. Characterization results reveal that this is a time‐dependent process, in which CALs are gradually converted to β‐Co(OH)2 and CoOOH, and the structure becomes increasingly porous. This process could be caused by the dissolution of the Al part of CoAl LDHs, recrystallization of the Co part, and subsequent oxidation of Co. It is found that the pseudocapacitive performance of the products vary with the immersion time. CALs already show a reasonable performance, whereas short‐term treatment would lead to the enhanced capacitance of 1123 F g−1 with both remarkable rate capability and stability. However, the formation of CoOOH will significantly degrade the supercapacitive performance.
A Mechanistic Investigation of the Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Aromatic Alcohols Using a Ferrocene‐Based Planar Chiral 4‐(Dimethylamino)pyridine Catalyst
Authors: Mesas‐Sánchez Laura , Dinér Peter 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA detailed computational and kinetic analysis of the acetylation of 1‐phenylethanol with acetic anhydride catalyzed by planar chiral 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) catalyst (−)‐1 is presented. The study includes a computational investigation of the potential‐energy surface including the acylation and stereoselective transition states at the DFT level of theory. Experimentally, the kinetic study shows that the reaction proceeds in a first‐order manner in catalyst, whereas both substrates, acetic anhydride and 1‐phenylethanol, show fractional order, which is in accordance with steady‐state conditions. The fractional order depends on an equilibrium between the free catalyst and the acetylated catalyst.
The Role of Equilibrium and Kinetic Properties in the Dissociation of Gd[DTPA‐bis(methylamide)] (Omniscan) at near to Physiological Conditions
Authors: Baranyai Zsolt , Brücher Ernő , Uggeri Fulvio , Maiocchi Alessandro , Tóth Imre , Andrási Melinda , Gáspár Attila , Zékány László , Aime Silvio 
Published: February 2015

Abstract[Gd(DTPA‐BMA)] is the principal constituent of Omniscan, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. In body fluids, endogenous ions (Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ca2+) may displace the Gd3+. To assess the extent of displacement at equilibrium, the stability constants of DTPA‐BMA3− complexes of Gd3+, Ca2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ have been determined at 37 °C in 0.15 M NaCl. The order of these stability constants is as follows: GdL≈CuL>ZnL≫CaL. Applying a simplified blood plasma model, the extent of dissociation of Omniscan (0.35 mM [Gd(DTPA‐BMA)]) was found to be 17 % by the formation of Gd(PO4), [Zn(DTPA‐BMA)]− (2.4 %), [Cu(DTPA‐BMA)]− (0.2 %), and [Ca(DTPA‐BMA)]− (17.7 %). By capillary electrophoresis, the formation of [Ca(DTPA‐BMA)]− has been detected in human serum spiked with [Gd(DTPA‐BMA)] (2.0 mM) at pH 7.4. Transmetallation reactions between [Gd(DTPA‐BMA)] and Cu2+ at 37 °C in the presence of citrate, phosphate, and bicarbonate ions occur by dissociation of the complex assisted by the endogenous ligands. At physiological concentrations of citrate, phosphate, and bicarbonate ions, the half‐life of dissociation of [Gd(DTPA‐BMA)] was calculated to be 9.3 h at pH 7.4. Considering the rates of distribution and dissociation of [Gd(DTPA‐BMA)] in the extracellular space of the body, an open two‐compartment model has been developed, which allows prediction of the extent of dissociation of the GdIII complex in body fluids depending on the rate of elimination of the contrast agent.
Highly Efficient Copper(II) Ion Sorbents Obtained by Calcium Carbonate Mineralization on Functionalized Cross‐Linked Copolymers
Authors: Mihai Marcela , Bunia Ion , Doroftei Florica , Varganici Cristian‐Dragos , Simionescu Bogdan C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new type of CuII ion sorbents is presented. These are obtained by CaCO3 mineralization from supersaturated solutions on gel‐like cross‐linked polymeric beads as insoluble templates. A divinylbenzene–ethylacrylate–acrylonitrile cross‐linked copolymer functionalized with weakly acidic, basic, or amphoteric functional groups has been used, as well as different initial inorganic concentrations and addition procedures for CaCO3 crystal growth. The morphology of the new composites was investigated by SEM and compared to that of the unmodified beads, and the polymorph content was established by X‐ray diffraction. The beads, before and after CaCO3 mineralization, were tested as sorbents for CuII ions. The newly formed patterns on the bead surface after CuII sorption were observed by SEM, and the elemental distribution on the composites and the chemical structure of crystals after interaction with CuII were investigated by EDAX elemental mapping and by FTIR‐ATR spectroscopy, respectively. The sorption capacity increased significantly after CaCO3 crystals growth on the weak anionic bead surface (up to 1041.5 mg CuII/g sample) compared to that of unmodified beads (491.5 mg CuII/g sample).
Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis: Protected Substrate Oxidation
Authors: Olsson Susanne , Björemark Per Martin , Kokoli Theonitsa , Sundberg Jonas , Lennartson Anders , McKenzie Christine J. , Håkansson Mikael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThree new conglomerates incorporating bidentate sulfide ligands coordinated by RuII centers have been prepared. Total spontaneous resolution by slow crystallization gives highly enantioenriched crystal batches, which are used in enantioselective oxidation of the sulfide ligands to give chiral sulfoxide complexes with >98 % ee. All relevant stereoisomers have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, CD spectroscopy, and chiral HPLC. If the ligand range can be extended to monodentate sulfides, a large‐scale and recyclable process for enantioselective oxidation of sulfides can be designed.
Isoguanine and 5‐Methyl‐Isocytosine Bases, In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Bande Omprakash , Abu El Asrar Rania , Braddick Darren , Dumbre Shrinivas , Pezo Valérie , Schepers Guy , Pinheiro Vitor B. , Lescrinier Eveline , Holliger Philipp , Marlière Philippe , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe synthesis, base‐pairing properties and in vitro and in vivo characteristics of 5‐methyl‐isocytosine (isoCMe) and isoguanine (isoG) nucleosides, incorporated in an HNA(h) (hexitol nucleic acid)–DNA(d) mosaic backbone, are described. The required h‐isoG phosphoramidite was prepared by a selective deamination as a key step. As demonstrated by Tm measurements the hexitol sugar showed slightly better mismatch discrimination against dT. The d‐isoG base mispairing follows the order T>G>C while the h‐isoG base mispairing follows the order G>C>T. The h‐ and d‐isoCMe bases mainly mispair with G. Enzymatic incorporation experiments show that the hexitol backbone has a variable effect on selectivity. In the enzymatic assays, isoG misincorporates mainly with T, and isoCMe misincorporates mainly with A. Further analysis in vivo confirmed the patterns of base‐pair interpretation for the deoxyribose and hexitol isoCMe/isoG bases in a cellular context, through incorporation of the bases into plasmidic DNA. Results in vivo demonstrated that mispairing and misincorporation was dependent on the backbone scaffold of the base, which indicates rational advances towards orthogonality.
Polyoxometalate‐Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of Pd Nanocrystals with Controlled Morphologies for Efficient Chemical and Electrochemical Catalysis
Authors: Kim Dongheun , Seog Ji Hyun , Kim Minjune , Yang MinHo , Gillette Eleanor , Lee Sang Bok , Han Sang Woo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs), as inorganic ligands, can endow metal nanocrystals (NCs) with unique reactivities on account of their characteristic redox properties. In the present work, we present a facile POM‐mediated one‐pot aqueous synthesis method for the production of single‐crystalline Pd NCs with controlled shapes and sizes. The POMs could function as both reducing and stabilizing agents in the formation of NCs, and thus gave a fine control over the nucleation and growth kinetics of NCs. The prepared POM‐stabilized Pd NCs exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability for electrocatalytic (formic acid oxidation) and catalytic (Suzuki coupling) reactions compared to Pd NCs prepared without the POMs. This shows that the POMs play a pivotal role in determining the catalytic performance, as well as the growth, of NCs. We envision that the present approach can offer a convenient way to develop efficient NC‐based catalyst systems.
Alkyl Halide‐Free Heteroatom Alkylation and Epoxidation Facilitated by a Recyclable Polymer‐Supported Oxidant for the In‐Flow Preparation of Diazo Compounds
Authors: Nicolle Simon M. , Hayes Christopher J. , Moody Christopher J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHighly reactive metal carbenes, generated from simple ketones via diazo compounds, including diazo‐amides and ‐phosphonates, using a recyclable reagent in‐flow, are transient but versatile electrophiles for heteroatom alkylation reactions and for epoxide formation. The method produces no organic waste, with the only by‐products being water, KI and nitrogen, without the attendant hazards of isolation of intermediate diazo compounds.
Kanarienvögel und Grubenlampen
Authors: Offermanns Heribert 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSprichwörtlich bezeichnet man einen Menschen oder eine auch Sache als “a Canary in the Coalmine”, wenn sie als Frühwarnsystem für eine gefährliche Situation dienen. Seinen Ursprung hat dieser Ausspruch wohl im Bergbau, wo Kanarienvögel lange Zeit als Indikatoren für Kohlenmonoxid dienten.
Selektives Tumor‐Targeting mit Prodrugs
Authors: Oltmanns Dörte 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSchwere Nebenwirkungen in der Krebstherapie können vermieden werden, wenn die Medikamente als inaktive Prodrugs eingesetzt werden. Erstmals konnte ein EGFR‐Inhibitor entwickelt werden, der durch Cobalt‐Komplexierung selektiv erst am Zielort wirksam wird.
The link between product diversification and performance among Spanish manufacturing firms: Analyzing the role of firm size
Authors: Benito‐Osorio Diana , Colino Alberto , Zúñiga‐Vicente José Ángel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study sheds additional light on the product diversification‐performance relationship for firms in a country having recently attained an advanced economy status in our period of analysis. We assume there will be an inverted U‐shaped relationship and use a sample of small, medium, and large Spanish manufacturing firms between 1994 and 2008. Our findings provide solid support for this assumption, and are identical when the sample consists of small, medium, and large firms and of large firms alone. Our results also suggest that the larger the firm, the higher the optimal level of diversification. Panel data models are used to control for unobservable heterogeneity and potential endogeneity problems. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intense Lower Hybrid Waves Within the Reconnection Diffusion Region Near X‐Line by Geotail Observation
Authors: Shi‐You LI , Shi‐Feng ZHANG , Hong CAI , Hua‐Bo YANG 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Lower Hybrid Wave (LHW) is studied within magnetic reconnection diffusion region in the near‐earth tail by Geotail on May 15, 2003. The Hall magnetic field (By) are observed when plasma flow reverses during the Geotail crossing the reconnection diffusion region from tailward‐southern‐lobe side to earthward‐northern‐lobe side. Intense waves enhancement near lower hybrid frequency (fLH ≈ 6.8 Hz) is observed both within and around the reconnection diffusion region with the propagation vector mainly perpendicular to the ambient field and they are identified as LHW. The observation of LHW near the reconnection X‐line suggests that the LHW is still active after the magnetic reconnection has been triggered and developed into matured X‐line. This result is different with the simulation which suggested that LHW disappears as soon as an X‐line is matured. Our observation will shed new light on the understanding of the role and behavior of the LHW in the magnetic reconnection developing process.
Finite Element Numerical Simulation of Pivotal Movement of Daqing Segment of Zemuhe Fault
Authors: Xiang GAO , Qi‐Dong DENG , Han‐Lin CHEN , Han‐Jing HONG 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDeformation localization and earthquake nucleation are important issues in the research of tectonic deformation mechanisms and large earthquakes. For strike‐slip movement and strike‐slip types of earthquakes, pivotal movement in strike‐slip faults is necessary for generating localized deformation and earthquake nucleation. Realization of this process and mechanism is essential for understanding the seismogenic and occurrence mechanism of earthquakes in strike‐slip fault zones. This thesis is based on previous research of the Zemuhe fault zone, which is controlled by pivotal movement. We tested and verified the processes of pivotal movement, in which geomorphology and stress are distributed in four quadrants, and examined factors that can influence the pivotal movement and stress conditions of the fault plane. The results indicate that the dip angle and area of the block region can influence pivotal movement. Moreover, we determined that a stress centralization area develops to hold the accumulating stress, the stress centralizes from outside to the core, the largest amount of stress always occurs in the core, and the core is significantly smaller than the block region.