bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Energy Powered Nano/Micro/Macromotors and the Environment
Authors: Moo James Guo Sheng , Pumera Martin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe rise of miniaturized artificial self‐powered devices, demonstrating autonomous motion, has brought in new considerations from the environmental perspective. This review addresses the interplay between these nano/micro/macromotors and the environment, recent advances, and their applications in pollution management. Such self‐propelled devices are able to actuate chemical energy into mechanical motion in situ, adding another powerful dimension towards solving environmental problems. Use of synthetic nano/micro/macromotors has demonstrated potential in environmental remediation, both in pollutant removal and contaminant degradation, owing to motion‐induced mixing. At the same time, the chemical environment exerts influence on the locomotion of the motors. These sensitized self‐powered devices demonstrate capabilities for being deployed as sensors and their chemotactic behaviors show efficacy to act as first responders towards a chemical leakage. Thus, the notion of a self‐propelling entity also entails further investigation into its inherent toxicity and possible implications as a pollutant. Future challenges and outlook of the use of these miniaturized devices are discussed, with specific regard to the fields of environmental remediation and monitoring, as we move towards their wider acceptance. We believe that these tiny machines will stand up to the task as solutions for environmental sustainability in the 21st century.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Hybrid α/β‐Dipeptides Incorporating S‐Glycosyl‐β2,2‐Amino Acids
Authors: García‐González Iván , Mata Lara , Corzana Francisco , Jiménez‐Osés Gonzalo , Avenoza Alberto , Busto Jesús H. , Peregrina Jesús M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe synthesized and carried out the conformational analysis of several hybrid dipeptides consisting of an α‐amino acid attached to a quaternary glyco‐β‐amino acid. In particular, we combined a S‐glycosylated β2,2‐amino acid and two different types of α‐amino acid, namely, aliphatic (alanine) and aromatic (phenylalanine and tryptophan) in the sequence of hybrid α/β‐dipeptides. The key step in the synthesis involved the ring‐opening reaction of a chiral cyclic sulfamidate, inserted in the peptidic sequence, with a sulfur‐containing nucleophile by using 1‐thio‐β‐D‐glucopyranose derivatives. This reaction of glycosylation occurred with inversion of configuration at the quaternary center. The conformational behavior in aqueous solution of the peptide backbone and the glycosidic linkage for all synthesized hybrid glycopeptides was analyzed by using a protocol that combined NMR experiments and molecular dynamics with time‐averaged restraints (MD‐tar). Interestingly, the presence of the sulfur heteroatom at the quaternary center of the β‐amino acid induced θ torsional angles close to 180° (anti). Notably, this value changed to 60° (gauche) when the peptidic sequence displayed aromatic α‐amino acids due to the presence of CH–π interactions between the phenyl or indole ring and the methyl groups of the β‐amino acid unit.
Revisiting Phosphorus Analogues of Phthalimides and Naphthalimides: Syntheses and Comparative Studies
Authors: Takeda Youhei , Nishida Takuya , Hatanaka Kota , Minakata Satoshi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA series of phosphorus analogues of aromatic‐fused monoimides (phthalimides and naphthalimides) bearing a mesityl group on the P center have been synthesized. In a comparison of their photophysical, electrochemical, and thermal properties with those of the corresponding imides, the impact of P incorporation was revealed. Furthermore, theoretical studies using DFT methods were conducted to understand their properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Transition at 360 K in the CaFe5O7 Ferrite: Toward a New Charge Ordering Distribution.
Authors: Delacotte C. , Huee F. , Breard Y. , Hebert S. , Perez O. , Caignaert V. , Greneche J. M. , Pelloquin D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe title ceramic is prepared by solid state reaction of CaO, Fe2O3, and Fe in a ratio of 1:2:1 (alumina crucible, 1100 °C for 24 h and 900 °C for 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of the Oxometallates KBaMnO4 and KBaAsO4.
Authors: zur Loye Karl D. , Chance W. Michael , Yeon Jeongho , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSingle crystals of the new compound KBaAsO4 are prepared from a mixture of As2O3, Ba(NO3)2, KOH, and H2O (autoclave, 230 °C, 24 h) and single crystals of KBaMnO4 are obtained from a mixture of Ba(OH)2, KMnO4, KOH, NaOH, and H2O (autoclave, 230 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Molten Salt Synthesis of Tin Doped Hematite Nanodiscs and Their Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Li‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Jin Rencheng , Yang LiXia , Li Guihua , Chen Gang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSn4+ doped Fe2O3 nanodiscs (5% Sn) are synthesized by the mixed molten salt method from mixtures of Fe(NO3)3, SnCl4, NaCl, and KCl (alumina crucible, 550 °C, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Growth of Single Crystal SiP2 Using Flux Method.
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wang Shanpeng , Ruan Huapeng , Zhang Guodong , Tao Xutang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNeedle‐like crystals of a new orthorhombic phase of SiP2 are prepared from Si and red phosphorus in a Sn flux using Gd as a mineralizer (evacuated silica tube, 1123 K, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics: A Unique Crystal Transformation from a Uranyl Peroxo‐Nanocluster to a Nanoclustered Uranyl Polyborate.
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Bhadbhade Mohan , Price Jason R. , Karatchevtseva Inna , Collison David , Lumpkin Gregory R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReaction of UO2(NO3)2, NaOH, H2O2, and H3BO3 in aqueous solution leads to the formation of yellow crystals of Na14 [(UO2)(O2)1.5] 28·nH2O (I) at pH 8.5 within a few days, followed by transformation of (I) at room temperature to light yellow‐green crystals of Na6 [UO2{B16O24(OH)8}] ·14H2O (II) (<80% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Improved and Practical Synthesis of [2,4,5‐Tris(trimethylsilyl)phenyl](phenyl)iodonium Triflate and Utilization as a 1,4‐Benzdiyne Synthon.
Authors: Gondo Keisuke , Kitamura Tsugio 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe new benzdiyne synthon is applied in the Diels—Alder reaction of furane and tetraphenylcyclopentadienone, for example, and for the synthesis of triazole derivative (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Nazarov Cyclization: Construction of Vicinal All‐Carbon‐Atom Quaternary Stereocenters.
Authors: Jolit Anais , Walleser Patrick M. , Yap Glenn P. A. , Tius Marcus A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis asymmetric Nazarov cyclization procedure of fully substituted dienones provides cyclopentenones with vicinal quaternary stereocenters in high optical purity and as single diastereoisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Reduction of α‐Keto Amides Using Nickel Catalysts.
Authors: Mamillapalli N. Chary , Sekar Govidasamy 
Published: November 2014

AbstractImportant α‐hydroxy amides or β‐amino alcohols are obtained by Ni‐catalyzed chemoselective or complete reduction of α‐keto amides using appropriate hydrosilanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Characterization and First Application of Silica Supported Palladium‐N‐heterocyclic Carbene as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for C—C Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Ghiaci Mehran , Zarghani Monireh , Khojastehnezhad Amir , Moeinpour Farid 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe catalyst can be recycled and reused at least 5 times without a significant loss in activity.
ChemInform Abstract: tBu3P‐Coordinated 2‐Phenylaniline‐Based Palladacycle Complexes as Precatalyst for Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides with Polyfluoroarenes by a C—H Activation Strategy.
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Hai , Dong Jie , Hu Qiao‐Sheng 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe reaction is applicable to a broad scope of functionalized aryl bromides, as well as aryl iodides, and chlorides to give high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Methods for the Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Alkynes: Oxidative Trifluoromethylation of Copper Acetylides and Alkynes.
Authors: Tresse Cedric , Guissart Celine , Schweizer Stephane , Bouhoute Yassine , Chany Anne‐Caroline , Goddard Mary‐Lorene , Blanchard Nicolas , Evano Gwilherm 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTwo complementary methods for the preparation of trifluoromethylated alkynes are presented and compared.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO‐Mediated Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Reaction: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopentenes.
Authors: Wen Li‐Rong , Lan Ming‐Chao , Yuan Wen‐Kui , Li Ming 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAliphatic aldehydes such as butyraldehyde fail to give the desired products.
ChemInform Abstract: Stable Nickel(0) Phosphites as Catalysts for C—N Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Kampmann Sven S. , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Koutsantonis George A. , Stewart Scott G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe new Ni‐catalyst is extremely effective in the amination reaction of various amines with arylchlorides and bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One Pot Method for Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids from Nitriles Using Recyclable Ionic Liquid [bmim]HSO4.
Authors: Kumar Satyanand , Dixit Sandeep Kumar , Awasthi Satish Kumar 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNitriles are converted into carboxylic acids under mild conditions using [bmim]HSO4.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Method for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Fluorinated α‐Amino Acids from Alcohols.
Authors: Drouet Fleur , Noisier Anais F. M. , Harris Craig S. , Furkert Daniel P. , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe presented method provides access to a broad scope of enantioenriched aliphatic, benzylic, and pyridinyl‐substituted fluorinated α‐amino acids in a Mitsunobu‐Tsunoda reaction from a readily synthesized Belokon complex of glycine and fluorinated alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Ytterbium(III)‐Catalyzed Addition Reaction of Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts to α‐Imino Esters: Efficient Synthesis of β‐Unsaturated α‐Amino Esters.
Authors: Stefani Helio A. , Manarin Flavia , Khan Amna N. , Vasconcelos Stanley N. S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe advantages of the mild and efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds are high yields, short reaction times, and efficiency with regard to the scope of the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐catalyzed Oxidative Csp3—H Methylenation to Terminal Olefins Using DMF.
Authors: Liu Jianming , Yi Hong , Zhang Xin , Liu Chao , Liu Ren , Zhang Guoting , Lei Aiwen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe corresponding direct oxidative coupling of chromane‐2‐one and N‐(2‐oxo‐2‐phenylethyl)‐phthalimide with DMF fails to give the desired products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Amino‐2‐aroyl/acetylnaphthalenes Through a Base Mediated One Pot Inter and Intramolecular C—C Bond Formation Strategy.
Authors: Singh Surjeet , Yadav Pratik , Sahu Satya Narayan , Althagafi Ismail , Kumar Abhinav , Kumar Brijesh , Ram Vishnu Ji , Pratap Ramendra 
Published: November 2014

AbstractElectron donating or withdrawing substituents on the aryl ring of the acetophenones negatively affect the yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorenones Through Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Acylation of Biarylcarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Fukuyama Takahide , Maetani Shinji , Miyagawa Kazusa , Ryu Ilhyong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIndependent from the applied method, transformation of the 4‐bromophenyl benzoic acid analogue of (I) proceeds sluggishly furnishing the corresponding product in low or trace amounts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Carbapterocarpens by α‐Arylation of Tetralones Followed by One‐Pot Demethylation/Cyclization with BBr3.
Authors: Fernandes Talita de A. , Domingos Jorge L. O. , da Rocha Luiza I. A. , de Medeiros Sabrina , Najera Carmen , Costa Paulo R. R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA two‐step route to 5‐carbapterocarpens, hydroxylated at different positions, is presented from tetralones and aryl bromides in good overall yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thieno‐Fused Heterocycles Through Reiterative Iodocyclization.
Authors: Aurelio Luigi , Volpe Rohan , Halim Rosliana , Scammells Peter J. , Flynn Bernard L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA reiterative coupling consisting of an ethynyl methyl sulfide synthesis and a iodocyclization sequence is developed and gives access to valuable thieno‐fused heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Spirocyclic Oxindolo‐β‐lactams.
Authors: Zhang Han‐Ming , Gao Zhong‐Hua , Ye Song 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed Staudinger reaction of ketenes with isatin‐derived ketimines affords spirocyclic oxindolo‐β‐lactams in high yields and excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of 2‐Methylindole Using Phosphite Ligands.
Authors: Lyubimov Sergey E. , Ozolin Dmitry V. , Davankov Vadim A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA novel catalytic system for the hydrogenation of 2‐methylindole is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—H Silylation of 1‐Arylpyrazole Derivatives and Fluoride‐Mediated Carboxylation: Use of Two Nitrogen Atoms of the Pyrazole Group.
Authors: Mita Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Michigami Kenichi , Sato Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe two nitrogen atoms play a crucial role for the ortho‐directing effect of the pyrazole moiety in the formation of the intermediately generated silylated 1‐arylpyrazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hetero‐ene Reactions of 5‐Methyleneoxazolines: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Oxazole Derivatives.
Authors: Luo Weiwei , Zhao Jiannan , Yin Chengkai , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis new process proceeds under mild conditions, exhibits a broad substrate scope and functional‐group tolerance, and features good air and moisture tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Reactivity Mode for the Diazo Group: Diastereoselective 1,3‐Aminoalkylation Reaction of β‐Amino‐α‐Diazoesters to Give Triazolines.
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexey , Gulevich Anton V. , Wink Donald J. , Gevorgyan Vladimir 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis method presents a novel mode of reactivity for the diazo group: an intramolecular aminoalkylation of β‐amino‐α‐diazoesters via a 1,3‐addition of a nucleophile and an electrophile to the diazo group yielding 1,2,3‐triazolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Conversion of (Z)‐3‐Chloro‐3‐arylacrylic Acids to Benzoic Acids: Synthesis of s‐Triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles.
Authors: Sahi Seema , Bhardwaj Madhvi , Paul Satya 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTreatment of 3‐arylacrylic acids with POCl3 results in the formation of benzoic acids which undergo in situ condensation with triazoles (II) to afford triazolothiadiazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Direct C(sp3)—H Difluoromethylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines with the in situ Generated Difluoroenolates.
Authors: Li Weipeng , Zhu Xuebin , Mao Haibin , Tang Zhongkai , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA new and efficient protocol to introduce difluoromethylene into nitrogen containing compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Scandium‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization to Produce Cyclobutane‐Fused Tetrahydroquinoline, Chromane, Thiochromane, and Tetrahydronaphthalene Derivatives.
Authors: Nakano Shun‐ichi , Kakugawa Kazumi , Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA direct access to compound (VIII) which bears the core skeleton of belaperidone by using the title reaction is also presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of 6‐Methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐N‐aryl‐2‐oxo/thio‐4‐arylpyrimidine‐5‐carboxa mides Catalyzed by Uranyl Nitrate Hexahydrate.
Authors: Venkatesan K. , Satyanarayana V. S. V. , Sivakumar A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe reaction can also be run under conventional heating conditions resulting in longer reaction times and slightly lower yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Domino Reactions for the Efficient Synthesis of 5,6‐Dihydro‐1,4,2‐oxathiazines.
Authors: Vivek Kumar Sundaravel , Perumal Subbu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of the title compounds from hydroxyarylimidoyl chlorides and 1,4‐dithiane‐2,5‐diol is proposed to proceed via [3 + 3] annulation of in situ generated 2‐mercaptoacetaldehyde and nitrile oxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Cembranoid‐Type Diterpenes from Red Sea Soft Coral Sarcophyton glaucum: Isolation and Antiproliferative Activity Against HepG2 Cells.
Authors: Al‐Lihaibi Sultan S. , Alarif Walied M. , Abdel‐Lateff Ahmed , Ayyad Seif‐Eldin N. , Abdel‐Naim Ashraf B. , El‐Senduny Fardous F. , Badria Farid A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThree new cembranoids, sarcophytol (I), sarcophytolide B (II), and sarcophytolide C (III), are isolated along with three known metabolites.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids via Asymmetric Deprotonation of N‐Boc‐pyrrolidine.
Authors: Deng Meng , Su Bo , Zhang Hui , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA stereoselective synthesis of (+)‐antofine (I) and (+)‐14‐hydroxyantofine (II) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Sekothrixide.
Authors: Terayama Naoki , Yasui Eiko , Mizukami Megumi , Miyashita Masaaki , Nagumo Shinji 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe first total synthesis of 14‐membered macrolide sekothrixide (I) including a revised configuration at the C4, C6, and C8 stereocenters is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Source‐Precursor Synthesis of Hafnium‐Containing Ultrahigh‐Temperature Ceramic Nanocomposites (UHTC‐NCs).
Authors: Yuan Jia , Hapis Stefania , Breitzke Hergen , Xu Yeping , Fasel Claudia , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim , Buntkowsky Gerd , Riedel Ralf , Ionescu Emanuel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAmorphous SiHfBCN ceramics are prepared from a commercial polysilazane (HTT 1800), which is modified by reactions with Hf(NEt2)4 and BH3·SMe2 (toluene, ‐50 °C for 2 h and 25 °C for 24 h), and subsequently cross‐linked (200 °C, 3 h) and pyrolyzed (1100 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: The Uniqueness and Therapeutic Value of Natural Products from West African Medicinal Plants. Part 3. Least Abundant Compound Classes
Authors: Simoben Conrad V. , Ntie‐Kang Fidele , Lifongo Lydia L. , Babiaka Smith B. , Sippl Wolfgang , Mbaze Luc Meva'a 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReview: 156 refs.
Prostate cancer collaborative stage data items—their definitions, quality, usage, and clinical implications: A review of SEER data for 2004‐2010
Authors: Schymura Maria J. , Sun Leon , Percy‐Laurry Antoinette 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDVersion 2 of the Collaborative Stage Data Collection System (CSv2) became effective with cases diagnosed in 2010. This report focuses on the CSv2 components required to derive the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage for prostate cancer and on the site‐specific factors for prostate cancer captured in CSv2. The report also highlights differences between the AJCC 6th and 7th editions for classifying prostate cancer stage.METHODSData from 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program population‐based registries (SEER‐18) were analyzed for the years 2004‐2010, which included 400,591 prostate cancer cases.RESULTSCSv2 provides specificity with regard to the Gleason grading system by distinguishing between clinical and pathologic patterns and scores. The AJCC 7th edition incorporates prostate‐specific antigen values into staging, subdivides stage II into IIA and IIB, and reclassifies extraprostatic invasion with microscopic bladder neck invasion from T4 in the 6th edition to T3a; this latter change affected the AJCC stage of 283 cases in 2010. Of the 44,578 prostate cancer cases diagnosed in 2010 that would have been classified as stage II in the AJCC 6th edition, 32.7%, 27.5%, and 39.8% are classified as stages I, IIA, and IIB, respectively, in the 7th edition.CONCLUSIONSCSv2 provides more information than was previously available to researchers using SEER prostate data. The absence of a clearly defined clinical stage for each prostate case is the overriding limitation that researchers face in relying on Collaborative Stage information to analyze prostate cancer data. Cancer 2014;120(23 suppl):3758‐70. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Provider‐based research networks and diffusion of surgical technologies among patients with early‐stage kidney cancer
Authors: Tan Hung‐Jui , Meyer Anne‐Marie , Kuo Tzy‐Mey , Smith Angela B. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Carpenter William R. , Nielsen Matthew E. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDProvider‐based research networks such as the National Cancer Institute's Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) have been shown to facilitate the translation of evidence‐based cancer care into clinical practice. This study compared the utilization of laparoscopy and partial nephrectomy among patients with early‐stage kidney cancer according to their exposure to CCOP‐affiliated providers.METHODSWith linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare data, patients with T1aN0M0 kidney cancer who had been treated with nephrectomy from 2000 to 2007 were identified. For each patient, the receipt of care from a CCOP physician or hospital and treatment with laparoscopy or partial nephrectomy were determined. Adjusted for patient characteristics (eg, age, sex, and marital status) and other organizational features (eg, community hospital and National Cancer Institute–designated cancer center), multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between each surgical innovation and CCOP affiliation.RESULTSDuring the study interval, 1578 patients (26.8%) were treated by a provider with a CCOP affiliation. Trends in the utilization of laparoscopy and partial nephrectomy remained similar between affiliated and nonaffiliated providers (P ≥ .05). With adjustments for patient characteristics, organizational features, and clustering, no association was noted between CCOP affiliation and the use of laparoscopy (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81‐1.53) or partial nephrectomy (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.82‐1.32) despite the more frequent receipt of these treatments in academic settings (P < .05).CONCLUSIONSAt a population level, patients treated by providers affiliated with CCOP were no more likely to receive at least 1 of 2 surgical innovations for treatment of their kidney cancer, indicating perhaps a more limited scope to provider‐based research networks as they pertain to translational efforts in cancer care. Cancer 2015;121:836–843. © 2014 American Cancer Society.