bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a Hierarchical Meso/Macroporous Zeolite‐Supported Cobalt Catalyst for the Enhanced Direct Synthesis of Isoparaffins from Syngas
Authors: Lin Qihang , Yang Guohui , Chen Qingjun , Fan Ronggang , Yoneyama Yoshiharu , Wan Huilin , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA hierarchical meso/macroporous zeolite‐supported Co catalyst (Co/ASB) was designed and employed for the direct synthesis of isoparaffins. The hierarchical porous zeolite (ASB) was developed by a steam‐assisted crystallization method using alumina‐modified meso/macroporous silica as the precursor. Structural characterization indicated that the as‐synthesized ASB exhibited nanosized β‐zeolite crystallites and a hierarchical meso/macroporous structure. The activity of the Co/ASB catalyst was much higher than that of conventional Co catalysts supported on SiO2 (Co/SiO2) and H‐β‐zeolite (Co/B). A high isoparaffins selectivity of 30.5 % was obtained from Co/ASB because of the hydrocracking/isomerization of long‐chain hydrocarbons at the strong acidic sites of the β‐zeolite. Furthermore, as a result of the fast diffusion of syngas in the unique hierarchical pores, the methane selectivity of Co/ASB was lower than that of Co/B.
Imidazole Derivatives as Accelerators for Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydroesterification and Hydrocarbamoylation of Alkenes: Extensive Ligand Screening and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Konishi Hideyuki , Muto Takashi , Ueda Tsuyoshi , Yamada Yayoi , Yamaguchi Miyuki , Manabe Kei 
Published: January 2015

AbstractImidazole derivatives are effective ligands for promoting the [Ru3(CO)12]‐catalyzed hydroesterification of alkenes using formates. Extensive ligand screening was performed to identify 2‐hydroxymethylated imidazole as the optimal ligand. Neither carbon monoxide gas nor a directing group was required, and the reaction also showed a wide substrate generality. The Ru–imidazole catalyst system also promoted intramolecular hydrocarbamoylation to afford lactams. A Ru–imidazole complex was unambiguously analyzed by X‐ray crystallography, and it had a trinuclear structure derived from one [Ru3(CO)12] and two ligands. This complex was also successfully used for hydroesterification. The mechanism was examined in detail by using D‐ and 13C‐labeled formates, indicating that the hydroesterification reaction proceeds by a decarbonylation–recarbonylation pathway.
Nanostructured Encapsulated Catalysts for Combination of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis and Hydroprocessing
Authors: Kruse Nadine , Machoke Albert G. , Schwieger Wilhelm , Güttel Robert 
Published: January 2015

AbstractControlling the selectivity of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in a single reaction step is highly desirable, but is a major challenge in heterogeneous catalysis. One approach is the application of bifunctional catalysts. However, to control the catalytic properties the morphology of the catalyst needs to be controlled on the nanoscopic scale. Herein, an innovative synthetic approach that allows the bottom‐up construction of nanostructured bifunctional catalysts in a step‐wise manner is described. The resulting material, which exhibits cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated inside a zeolite matrix, was proven to be active in the combined Fischer–Tropsch and cracking reaction, evidenced by a shift from waxy to liquid products. Consequently, the use of this novel approach was demonstrated in terms of material synthesis and catalytic applications.
Decoupled Spin Crossover and Structural Phase Transition in a Molecular Iron(II) Complex
Authors: Kershaw Cook Laurence J. , Shepherd Helena J. , Comyn Tim P. , Baldé Chérif , Cespedes Oscar , Chastanet Guillaume , Halcrow Malcolm A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCrystalline [Fe(bppSMe)2][BF4]2 (1; bppSMe=4‐(methylsulfanyl)‐2,6‐di(pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine) undergoes an abrupt spin‐crossover (SCO) event at 265±5 K. The crystals also undergo a separate phase transition near 205 K, involving a contraction of the unit‐cell a axis to one‐third of its original value (high‐temperature phase 1; Pbcn, Z=12; low‐temperature phase 2; Pbcn, Z=4). The SCO‐active phase 1 contains two unique molecular environments, one of which appears to undergo SCO more gradually than the other. In contrast, powder samples of 1 retain phase 1 between 140–300 K, although their SCO behaviour is essentially identical to the single crystals. The compounds [Fe(bppBr)2][BF4]2 (2; bppBr=4‐bromo‐2,6‐di(pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine) and [Fe(bppI)2][BF4]2 (3; bppI=4‐iodo‐2,6‐di(pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐pyridine) exhibit more gradual SCO near room temperature, and adopt phase 2 in both spin states. Comparison of 1–3 reveals that the more cooperative spin transition in 1, and its separate crystallographic phase transition, can both be attributed to an intermolecular steric interaction involving the methylsulfanyl substituents. All three compounds exhibit the light‐induced excited‐spin‐state trapping (LIESST) effect with T(LIESST=70–80 K), but show complicated LIESST relaxation kinetics involving both weakly cooperative (exponential) and strongly cooperative (sigmoidal) components.
Methane Extraction from Natural Gas Hydrate Reservoirs with Simultaneous Storage of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Merkel Florian Stephan , Schultz Heyko Jürgen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHydrates of natural gases like methane have become subjects of great interest, mainly because of their potential as an energetic resource. Another important discussion topic is carbon dioxide and its function as greenhouse gas. Extracting methane from gas hydrates while simultaneously storing carbon dioxide in them (reformation) could be a promising means to solve both problems at the same time. Here, reformation of natural gas hydrates has been examined to realize technically feasible reformation processes and promising results regarding the saturation of hydrates with carbon dioxide have been achieved.
Safety profile of benazepril in essential hypertension
Authors: Macnab Malcolm , Mallows Susan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractData from clinical trials with benazepril suggest that the safety profile of benazepril is similar to that of other angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Treatment‐related side effects occurred in 20% of benazepril‐treated patients and in 18% of patients receiving placebo. The most commonly reported side effects with benazepril were headache, dizziness, and fatigue. The incidence of side effects was not affected by the degree of hypertension, age, gender, race, dosage, or the degree of renal impairment. Side effects believed to be related to the pharmacologic action of ACE inhibitors as a class include symptomatic hypotension, which occurred at a relatively low rate with benazepril, and hyperkalemia and elevation of serum creatinine, which occurred to the same extent with benazepril as has been noted with other ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of cough as an ACE inhibitor side effect is unknown; the incidence was similar to that with other ACE inhibitors. Rash and taste disturbance have occurred rarely with benazepril. The incidence of neutropenia and of proteinuria was the same in both the benazepril and placebo groups. Renal failure in hypertensive patients treated with benazepril has not been reported. Overall, benazepril is generally well tolerated by hypertensive patients. The incidence of most side effects is comparable to that with other ACE inhibitors and placebo.
Treatment considerations for the hypertensive patient over age 55
Authors: Tifft Charles P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe prevalence of hypertension increases with age. The majority of the hypertensive population is over age 55. Although the treatment of systolic hypertension remains incompletely understood, the reduction of diastolic hypertension with pharmacotherapy has been shown to reduce complications from hypertension in persons over age 55. The older hypertensive patient is at risk for the same complications as the younger patient: angina, myocardial infarction, arteriosclerosis obliterans, stroke, myocardial hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, and renal failure; the risk of sudden death and multi‐infarct dementia in the older patient may be somewhat higher. The older hypertensive individual may have reduced plasma volume and defective salt and water conservation, reduced renal function, impairment of baroreceptor reflexes and sympathetic reactivity, and altered drug pharmacokinetics, or may have arteriosclerosis leading to pseudohypertension. Many circumstances interfere with adequate compliance with therapeutic regimens among the elderly. Concomitant medical conditions increase the possibility of drug interactions and require that the practitioner be able to adjust the antihypertensive program to the patient.
Eliminating radiotherapy to the contralateral retropharyngeal and high level II lymph nodes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is safe and improves quality of life
Authors: Spencer Christopher R. , Gay Hiram A. , Haughey Bruce H. , Nussenbaum Brian , Adkins Douglas R. , Wildes Tanya M. , DeWees Todd A. , Lewis James S. , Thorstad Wade L. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDRadiation treatment volumes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are controversial. The authors report the outcomes, patterns of failure, and quality of life (QOL) of patients who received treatment for HNSCC using intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) that eliminated the treatment of contralateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLNs) in the clinically uninvolved neck.METHODSA prospective institutional database was used to identify patients who had primary oral cavity, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, laryngeal, and unknown primary HNSCC for which they received IMRT. There were 3 temporal groups (generations 1‐3). Generation 1 received comprehensive neck IMRT with parotid sparing, generation 2 eliminated the contralateral high level II (HLII) lymph nodes, and generation 3 further eliminated the contralateral RPLNs in the clinically uninvolved neck. Patterns of failure and survival analyses were completed, and QOL data measured using the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory were compared in a subset of patients from generations 1 and 3.RESULTSIn total, 748 patients were identified. Of the 488 patients who received treatment in generation 2 or 3, 406 had a clinically uninvolved contralateral neck. There were no failures in the spared RPLNs (95% confidence interval, 0%‐1.3%) or in the high contralateral neck (95% confidence interval, 0%‐0.7%). QOL data were compared between 44 patients in generation 1 and 51 patients in generation 3. QOL improved both globally and in all domains assessed for generation 3, in which reduced radiotherapy volumes were used (P < .007).CONCLUSIONSFor patients with locally advanced HNSCC, eliminating coverage to the contralateral HLII lymph nodes and contralateral RPLNs in the clinically uninvolved side of the neck is associated with minimal risk of failure in these regions and significantly improved patient‐reported QOL. Cancer 2014;120:3994–4002. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of complex karyotype and monosomal karyotype in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with risk‐adapted protocols
Authors: Motlló Cristina , Ribera Josep‐María , Morgades Mireia , Granada Isabel , Montesinos Pau , González‐Campos José , Fernández‐Abellán Pascual , Tormo Mar , Bethencourt Concepción , Brunet Salut , Hernández‐Rivas Jesús‐María , Moreno María‐José , Sarrà Josep , del Potro Eloy , Barba Pere , Bernal Teresa , Grande Carlos , Grau Javier , Cervera José , Feliu Evarist ,   PETHEMA Group, Spanish Society of Hematology
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDThe karyotype is a predictor of outcomes in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The unfavorable prognostic significance of complex karyotype (CK) has been reported, whereas the prognostic relevance of monosomal karyotype (MK) has not been consistently evaluated. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of CK and MK in adults with ALL treated with risk‐adapted protocols of the Spanish PETHEMA Group.METHODSThe karyotypes of 881 adult ALL patients treated according to the protocols of the PETHEMA Group between 1993 and 2012 were centrally reviewed. CK and MK were assessed according to Moorman's criteria, and Breem's criteria, respectively. Specific analyses according to the risk groups and to the presence of t(9:22) were performed.RESULTSOf 364 evaluable patients 33 (9.2%) had CK, and 68 of 535 evaluable patients (12.8%) had MK. Complete remission rate, remission duration, and overall survival were not significantly different according to the presence of CK or MK in the whole series, according to the B or T lineage, in the high‐risk group, or in patients with t(9;22), regardless of imatinib treatment, and in patients who received chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy followed by stem cell transplantationCONCLUSIONSOur study shows that CK and MK were not associated with a worse prognosis in adult patients with ALL treated with risk‐adapted or subtype‐oriented protocols. In patients with Ph+ ALL, MK did not have an impact on prognosis irrespective of imatinib treatment. Cancer. © 0000 American Cancer Society Cancer 2014;120:3958–3964. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
A systematic literature review of Linked Data‐based recommender systems
Authors: Figueroa Cristhian , Vagliano Iacopo , Rocha Oscar Rodríguez , Morisio Maurizio 
Published: January 2015

SummaryRecommender systems (RS) are software tools that use analytic technologies to suggest different items of interest to an end user. Linked Data is a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web. This paper presents a systematic literature review to summarize the state of the art in RS that use structured data published as Linked Data for providing recommendations of items from diverse domains. It considers the most relevant research problems addressed and classifies RS according to how Linked Data have been used to provide recommendations. Furthermore, it analyzes contributions, limitations, application domains, evaluation techniques, and directions proposed for future research. We found that there are still many open challenges with regard to RS based on Linked Data in order to be efficient for real applications. The main ones are personalization of recommendations, use of more datasets considering the heterogeneity introduced, creation of new hybrid RS for adding information, definition of more advanced similarity measures that take into account the large amount of data in Linked Data datasets, and implementation of testbeds to study evaluation techniques and to assess the accuracy scalability and computational complexity of RS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncovering Structure–Activity Relationships in Manganese‐Oxide‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Indra Arindam , Menezes Prashanth W. , Driess Matthias 
Published: January 2015

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis by harvesting solar light into chemical energy could solve the problems of energy conversion and storage in a sustainable way. In nature, CO2 and H2O are transformed into carbohydrates by photosynthesis to store the solar energy in chemical bonds and water is oxidized to O2 in the oxygen‐evolving center (OEC) of photosystem II (PS II). The OEC contains CaMn4O5 cluster in which the metals are interconnected through oxido bridges. Inspired by biological systems, manganese‐oxide‐based catalysts have been synthesized and explored for water oxidation. Structural, functional modeling, and design of the materials have prevailed over the years to achieve an effective and stable catalyst system for water oxidation. Structural flexibility with eg1 configuration of MnIII, mixed valency in manganese, and higher surface area are the main requirements to attain higher efficiency. This Minireview discusses the most recent progress in heterogeneous manganese‐oxide‐based catalysts for efficient chemical, photochemical, and electrochemical water oxidation as well as the structural requirements for the catalyst to perform actively.
A secure and effective biometric‐based user authentication scheme for wireless sensor networks using smart card and fuzzy extractor
Authors: Das Ashok Kumar 
Published: January 2015

SummaryUser authentication is a prominent security requirement in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for accessing the real‐time data from the sensors directly by a legitimate user (external party). Several user authentication schemes are proposed in the literature. However, most of them are either vulnerable to different known attacks or they are inefficient. Recently, Althobaiti et al. presented a biometric‐based user authentication scheme for WSNs. Although their scheme is efficient in computation, in this paper, we first show that their scheme has several security pitfalls such as (i) it is not resilient against node capture attack; (ii) it is insecure against impersonation attack; and (iii) it is insecure against man‐in‐the‐middle attack. We then aim to propose a novel biometric‐based user authentication scheme suitable for WSNs in order to withstand the security pitfalls found in Althobaiti et al. scheme. We show through the rigorous security analysis that our scheme is secure and satisfies the desirable security requirements. Furthermore, the simulation results for the formal security verification using the most widely used and accepted Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool indicate that our scheme is secure. Our scheme is also efficient compared with existing related schemes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disordered eating and psychological well‐being in overweight and nonoverweight adolescents: Secular trends from 1999 to 2010
Authors: Loth Katie , Wall Melanie , Larson Nicole , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn this research study, we examine how both overweight and nonoverweight adolescent girls and boys fared from 1999 to 2010 in terms of disordered eating behaviors and psychosocial well‐being.MethodA repeated cross‐sectional design was used. Participants were recruited from public schools in 1999 (n = 3072, mean age = 14.6 ± 1.8) and 2010 (n = 2793, mean age = 14.4 ± 2.0). Secular trends were examined by weight status and gender using inverse probability weighting to control for changes in socio‐demographics.ResultsIn general, the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors and markers of psychosocial well‐being among overweight girls and boys remained the same from 1999 to 2010. In contrast, among nonoverweight girls, chronic dieting, unhealthy weight control behaviors, and extreme weight control behaviors decreased, and body satisfaction improved during this time period. Further, among non‐overweight boys, the prevalence of unhealthy and extreme weight control behaviors decreased, as did mean depression scores.DiscussionOverall, findings indicate a strong need to ensure that messages about the dangers of disordered eating behaviors are reaching overweight youth. Obesity prevention interventions should not overlook the comorbid nature of obesity, disordered eating and poor psychosocial health; prevention programming should address shared risk factors, including dieting, media use, body dissatisfaction, and weight‐related teasing. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:323–327)
Trajectories of picky eating during childhood: A general population study
Authors: Cardona Cano Sebastian , Tiemeier Henning , Van Hoeken Daphne , Tharner Anne , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Hofman Albert , Verhulst Frank C. , Hoek Hans W. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTObjective This cohort study describes the prevalence of picky eating and examines prognostic factors for picky eating trajectories during childhood.Methods 4,018 participants of a population‐based cohort with measurements from pregnancy onwards were included. Picky eating was assessed by maternal report when children were 1.5, 3, and 6 years old. The associations of child and family characteristics with trajectories of picky eating were examined using logistic regression. Never picky eaters were used as the reference group.Results Prevalence of picky eating was 26.5% at 1.5 years of age, 27.6% at the age of 3 and declined to 13.2% at 6 years. Four main picky eating trajectories were defined: (1) never picky eating at all three assessments (55% of children), (2) remitting (0–4 years, 32%), (3) late‐onset (6 years only, 4%), and (4) persistent (all ages, 4%). This implies that almost two thirds of the early picky eaters remitted within 3 years. Male sex, lower birth weight, non‐Western maternal ethnicity, and low parental income predicted persistent picky eating. More often late‐onset picky eaters were children of parents with low income and non‐Western ethnicity.Discussion We found that nearly half (46%) of children were picky eaters at some point during early childhood. Remittance was very high. This suggests that picky eating is usually a transient behavior and part of normal development in preschool children. However, a substantial group of persistent picky eaters, often from a socially disadvantaged background, continues to have problems beyond the preschool age. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:570–579)
Validation of the exercise and eating disorders questionnaire
Authors: Danielsen Marit , Bjørnelv Sigrid , Rø Øyvind 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveCompulsive exercise is a well‐known feature in eating disorders. The Exercise and Eating Disorder (EED) self‐report questionnaire was developed to assess aspects of compulsive exercise not adequately captured by existing instruments. This study aimed to test psychometric properties and the factor structure of the EED among women with eating disorders and a control group.MethodThe study included 449 female participants, including 244 eating disorders patients and 205 healthy controls. The patient group consisted of 32.4% (n = 79) AN patients, 23.4% (n = 57) BN, 34.4% (n = 84) EDNOS and 9.8% (n = 24) with BED diagnosis.ResultsThe analyses confirmed adequate psychometric properties of the EED, with a four‐factor solution: (1) compulsive exercise, (2) positive and healthy exercise, (3) awareness of bodily signals, and (4) weight and shape exercise. The EED discriminated significantly (p < .001) between patients and controls on the global score, subscales, and individual items. Test‐retest reliability was satisfactory (r = 0.86). Convergent validity was demonstrated by high correlations between the EED and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q; r = 0.79).DiscussionThe EED is the first clinically derived, self‐report questionnaire to assess compulsive exercise among ED patients. The EED offers assessment that has broader clinical utility than existing instruments because it identifies treatment targets and treatment priorities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:983–993).