bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common variants within 6p21.31 locus are associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and, potentially, other non‐Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes
Authors: Slager Susan L. , Camp Nicola J. , Conde Lucia , Shanafelt Tait D. , Achenbach Sara J. , Rabe Kari G. , Kay Neil E. , Novak Anne J. , Call Timothy G. , Bracci Paige M. , Sille Fenna M. C. , Sanchez Sylvia , Akers Nicholas K. , Cunningham Julie M. , Serie Daniel J. , McDonnell Shannon K. , Leis Jose F. , Wang Alice H. , Weinberg J. Brice , Glenn Martha , Link Brian , Vachon Celine M. , Lanasa Mark C. , Skibola Christine F. , Cerhan James R. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryA recent meta‐analysis of three genome‐wide association studies of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) identified two common variants at the 6p21.31 locus that are associated with CLL risk. To verify and further explore the association of these variants with other non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes, we genotyped 1196 CLL cases, 1699 NHL cases, and 2410 controls. We found significant associations between the 6p21.31 variants and CLL risk (rs210134: P = 0·01; rs210142: P = 6·8 × 10−3). These variants also showed a trend towards association with some of the other NHL subtypes. Our results validate the prior work and support specific genetic pathways for risk among NHL subtypes.
A disequilibrium compaction model constrained by seismic data and application to overpressure generation in The Eastern Black Sea Basin
Authors: Marín‐Moreno Héctor , Minshull Timothy A. , Edwards Rosemary A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLocating and quantifying overpressures are essential to understand basin evolution and hydrocarbon migration in deep basins and thickly sedimented continental margins. Overpressures influence sediment cohesion and hence fault slip in seismically active areas or failure on steep slopes, and may drive catastrophic fluid expulsion. They also represent a significant drilling hazard. Here, we present a method to calculate the pore pressure due to disequilibrium compaction. Our method provides an estimate of the compaction factor, surface porosity and sedimentation rate of each layer in a sediment column using a decompaction model and the constraints imposed by seismic data and geological observations. For a range of surface porosities, an ad hoc iterative equation determines the compaction factor that gives a calculated layer thickness that matches the observed thickness within a tolerance. The surface porosity and compaction factor are then used to obtain a density profile and a corresponding estimate of P‐wave velocity (Vp). The selected parameters are those that give a good match with both the observed and calculated layer thicknesses and Vp profiles. We apply our method to the centre of the Eastern Black Sea Basin (EBSB), where overpressures have been linked to a low‐velocity zone (LVZ) at ca. 5500–8500 m depth. These overpressures were generated by the relatively high sedimentation rate of ca. 0.28 m ka−1 of the low permeability organic‐rich Maikop formation at 33.9–20.5 Ma and an even higher sedimentation rate of ca. 0.85 m ka−1 at 13–11 Ma. We estimate a maximum pore pressure of ca. 138 MPa at ca. 8285 m depth, associated with a ratio of overpressure to vertical effective stress in hydrostatic conditions () of ca. 0.7. These values are lower than those presented in a previous study for the same area.
Improving oral hygiene in the long‐term care of the elderly—a RCT
Authors: Zenthöfer Andreas , Dieke Reinhard , Dieke Anke , Wege Karl‐Christian , Rammelsberg Peter , Hassel Alexander J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundOral hygiene and health of the institutionalized elderly are frequently described as inadequate.ObjectivesThis randomized and single‐blinded (outcome evaluation) study compared three types of intervention for improving oral hygiene with a control. The purpose was to investigate whether there were any significant differences between the intervention and control groups.MethodsOne hundred and six participants living in long‐term care homes in South‐West Germany were recruited and randomly divided into four groups—three therapy groups and one control group. For all three therapy groups, teeth and dentures were cleaned professionally and individual instruction was given. One of these groups was also re‐instructed and remotivated by a dentist (n = 27). One also received help from, and was remotivation by, staff educated in dental hygiene (n = 26). The third therapy group was not remotivated after professional cleaning of teeth and dentures (n = 26). For the control group, there was no intervention (n = 23). The main target clinical data were mean plaque (plaque‐control record, O'Leary), gingival bleeding (Ainamo/Bay), and denture hygiene indices. For assessment of the difference between being in an intervention group and in a control group, mixed‐model analysis for repeated measurements was performed for each main target variable. In addition, target clinical data were evaluated in long‐term follow‐up after 3 years.ResultsCompared with controls, denture hygiene, plaque, and gingival bleeding indices were significantly lower in the intervention groups over a twelve‐week period (mixed model for repeated measurements; P < 0.023). Estimates of effects between control and each treatment group were comparable among the three therapy groups; however, even though two of the groups received further help and instruction. Long‐term follow‐up showed that all indices were significantly worse than at the last study recall (P < 0.001).ConclusionsProfessional cleaning of teeth and dentures, with individual instruction, can be recommended to improve oral hygiene. However, the effect decreases over time and renewal of the intervention is necessary.
Attendance at iron deficiency anaemia clinic: audit of outcomes 5 years on
Authors: Pengelly S. , Fabricius M. , McMenamin D. , Wu E. , Metzner M. , Lewis S. J. , Hosie K. B. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAim  To determine the long‐term outcomes of patients in whom no initial cause for their anaemia is established.Method  Six hundred and thirty‐nine patients presenting to an iron deficiency anaemia pathway were prospectively entered onto a database. Initial assessment included haematological review, coeliac screen, oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonic imaging as per British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines. A 5‐year audit of outcomes was undertaken using patient medical records and hospital laboratory databases.Results  A diagnosis was found initially in 266 (42%) patients, with 124 (19%) having a gastrointestinal (GI) luminal neoplasm, 54 (8%) of which were malignant. Twelve patients had a nonluminal or non‐GI malignancy. Eighty‐eight (14%) had benign upper GI bleeding and 23 (4%) had coeliac disease. One hundred and forty‐three (22%) did not have confirmed iron deficiency anaemia on review of haematinics. Complete records were available for 595 (93%) patients at 5 years. Of the 373 patients in whom a cause was not initially diagnosed, 6 (2%) were ultimately diagnosed with a GI luminal malignancy and 18 (5%) with a nonluminal or non‐GI malignancy. There was no difference in the incidence of malignancies between those with or without confirmed iron deficiency.Conclusions  Most patients in whom no cause was found at initial investigation resolve on oral iron supplements. Patients with normal ferritin values had as high an incidence of GI malignancies as those with low values and should be investigated. In the over 50s if the anaemia remains after a course of iron further investigation is recommended as there is a significant incidence of both GI and non‐GI pathology.
Growth differences of Japanese eels Anguilla japonica between fresh and brackish water habitats in relation to annual food consumption in the Kojima Bay‐Asahi River system, Japan
Authors: Kaifu Kenzo , Miller Michael J. , Yada Takashi , Aoyama Jun , Washitani Izumi , Tsukamoto Katsumi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTo learn about the relationships between feeding and growth of temperate eels in freshwater and brackish water habitats, we analysed 533 yellow‐phase Japanese eels Anguilla japonica collected in both types of habitats in southeastern Japan. Because male eels were very rare in each habitat (FW, N = 1; BW, N = 20), characteristics of female eels were compared between the different habitats. Annual food consumption was evaluated with the consideration of instantaneous food consumption and annual activity period. Stomach fullness index (stomach content weight/body weight) was used as an indicator of instantaneous food consumption. The ratios of number of months with eel catch to those when eel sampling was conducted were used as an indicator of activity period. Female yellow eels tended to be older and slower growing in fresh water (N = 78; age, mean ± SD = 7.9 ± 2.4 years; growth rate, 59.8 ± 14.0 mm year−1) than in brackish water (N = 229; age, 5.5 ± 1.8 years; growth rate, 90.1 ± 24.4 mm year−1). Irrespective of sex, yellow eels in brackish water had a higher stomach fullness index and a greater ratio of months with eel catches, indicating greater annual food consumption by brackish water eels. These results indicate that greater annual food consumption contributes to the greater growth rates of Japanese eels in brackish water habitats.
Alpha activity marking word boundaries mediates speech segmentation
Authors: Shahin Antoine J. , Pitt Mark A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study examined the neurophysiological mechanisms of speech segmentation, the process of parsing the continuous speech signal into isolated words. Individuals listened to sequences of two monosyllabic words (e.g. gas source) and non‐words (e.g. nas sorf). When these phrases are spoken, talkers usually produce one continuous s‐sound, not two distinct s‐sounds, making it unclear where one word ends and the next one begins. This ambiguity in the signal can also result in perceptual ambiguity, causing the sequence to be heard as one word (failed to segment) or two words (segmented). We compared listeners' electroencephalogram activity when they reported hearing one word or two words, and found that bursts of fronto‐central alpha activity (9–14 Hz), following the onset of the physical /s/ and end of phrase, indexed speech segmentation. Left‐lateralized beta activity (14–18 Hz) following the end of phrase distinguished word from non‐word segmentation. A hallmark of enhanced alpha activity is that it reflects inhibition of task‐irrelevant neural populations. Thus, the current results suggest that disengagement of neural processes that become irrelevant as the words unfold marks word boundaries in continuous speech, leading to segmentation. Beta activity is likely associated with unifying word representations into coherent phrases.
The ‘Modernity’ of Medieval Popular Revolt
Authors: Cohn Samuel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis essay argues that late medieval European popular protest fails to fit the pattern of ‘pre‐modern’ revolts in models devised by historians and social scientists over the past 50 years. By their criteria late medieval in fact appear more ‘modern’ than those of the early modern period and even those of the 21st century as seen with the English summer riots of 2011 and the ‘Arab Spring’. Late medieval revolts differed from the 21st century ones in three cardinal respects: (1) unlike the English riots that flared more or less spontaneously, drawn together by instantaneous social networking, late medieval ones relied on planning, assemblies, fraternities, elections of leaders, and negotiation; (2) the present intertwining of religious dogma with struggles for social and economic justice seen in the Arab Spring, was largely absent from revolts of the later Middle Ages; even strife between English burgesses and the Church focused on concrete economic and political rights without resort to religious language or ideology; and (3) unlike the mass brutality and repression seen today in Syria, such massacres of the innocents were rare in the later Middle Ages. Instead, a large proportion of late medieval revolts succeeded.
Bisphosphonates and their clinical implications in endodontic therapy
Authors: Moinzadeh A.‐T. , Shemesh H. , Neirynck N. A. M. , Aubert C. , Wesselink P. R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis review gives an overview of the factors that may play a role in the development of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients treated with bisphosphonates (BPs) and undergoing nonsurgical endodontic treatment as well as some recommendations for its prevention. BPs are a widely prescribed group of drugs for diverse bone diseases. The occasional but devastating adverse effect of these drugs has been described as bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). As this condition is debilitating and difficult to treat, all efforts should be made to prevent its occurence in patients at risk. The main triggering event is considered to be dental extraction. Even though nonsurgical endodontic treatment appears to be a relatively safe procedure, care remains essential. After an overview of this class of drugs, the clinical presentation, epidemiology and pathogenesis of BRONJ, as well as the possible risk factors associated with its development after nonsurgical endodontic treatment will be described. Finally, several strategies will be proposed for the prevention of BRONJ during nonsurgical endodontic treatment.
Effect of the cluster heterogeneity on mechanical properties, chromatic indices and chemical composition of Italia table grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.) sorted by flotation
Authors: Segade Susana Río , Giacosa Simone , de Palma Laura , Novello Vittorino , Torchio Fabrizio , Gerbi Vincenzo , Rolle Luca 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe impact of cluster heterogeneity on mechanical properties, chromatic indices and chemical composition of Italia table grape berries sorted by flotation was evaluated in this study. The density sorting at commercial harvest permitted to get berries of different ripeness and relatively different quality attributes. Individually, some grape chromatic characteristics, physical characteristics (weight of the whole berry and berry skin), content and composition of reducing sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds (flavanols of low molecular mass in berry skins) permitted to characterise and to differentiate berries belonging to different density classes. However, the tested mechanical properties were not related to the berry density. When the variables that significantly contributed to the berry differentiation were globally assessed, the chemical parameters related to sugars (142.3–164.4 g kg−1), content of skin oligomeric flavanols [46.3–137 mg (+)‐catechin kg−1], berry skin weight (379–607 mg), yellow/blue colour component (26.31–29.96) and chroma (26.40–30.06) were the more representative.
Enhanced antimicrobial activity of nisin in combination with allyl isothiocyanate against Listeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella Typhimurium and Shigella boydii
Authors: Zou Yunyun , Jung Lae‐Seung , Lee Seung Hwan , Kim Sungkyun , Cho Youngjae , Ahn Juhee 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThis study was designed to evaluate the synergistic antimicrobial effect of nisin and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Shigella boydii. The synergistic interactions between nisin and AITC were observed against all foodborne pathogens, showing the fractional inhibitory concentrations <1. The populations of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus at the combined treatment of nisin and AITC were decreased to below 1 log CFU mL−1 after 10‐h incubation at 37 °C. The changes in fatty acid profiles of all strains were substantially influenced by nisin alone and the combined treatment of nisin and AITC. A good agreement was observed among cell viability, membrane permeability and depolarisation activity in response to nisin and AITC. The results suggest that nisin and AITC as synergistic inhibitors could be an effective approach to achieve satisfactory antimicrobial activity against a wide range of foodborne pathogens.
Effects of combined nonthermal treatment on microbial growth and the quality of minimally processed yam (Dioscorea japonica Thunb) during storage
Authors: Chun Ho H. , Yu Dong J. , Song Kyung B. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe effects of combination treatment with aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) on the quality of yams were examined. Yam samples were treated with distilled water, 50 ppm aqueous ClO2, 5 kJ m−2 UV‐C or a combination of 50 ppm aqueous ClO2 and 5 kJ m−2 UV‐C. The microbiological analysis of the yams after aqueous ClO2 treatment, UV‐C irradiation or combination treatment indicated significant reductions in the populations of pre‐existing microorganisms. In particular, the combination treatment reduced the populations of total aerobic bacteria, yeast and mould, and coliform bacteria in the yams by 3.2, 3.4 and 3.8 log CFU g−1, respectively. The combination treatment also maintained the colour of the yams during storage. Sensory evaluation results indicated that the qualities of the yams treated with the combination of aqueous ClO2 and UV‐C were better than those of the other treatments. These results clearly indicate that combination treatment with aqueous ClO2 and UV‐C could be useful in improving the microbial safety and extending the shelf life of the yams.
Effects of rind removal on physicochemical quality characteristics of fresh‐cut watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum & Nakai] during cold storage
Authors: Petrou Petros , Soteriou Georgios , Schouten Rob E. , Kyriacou Marios C. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe impact of removing the rind from fresh‐cut watermelon slices was assessed on the quality of the product during storage at 4 °C for 9 days. Flesh lycopene declined from 55.4 to 47.9 mg kg−1 f.w. and colour lightness (L*) increased from 43.2 to 45.8 after 2 days of storage. Initial heart and placental flesh firmness increased from 7.3 and 9.8 N, respectively, to 9.5 and 12.8 N after 9 days, but were unaffected by rind processing. Electrolyte leakage from placental tissue was unaffected by storage and rind. Rind presence limited juice run‐off by 47.2% and maintained mean total soluble sugar concentration in the slices at 86.0 mg mL−1 as opposed to 76.8 mg mL−1 in rind‐less slices. Change in the quality was most pronounced between 0 and 2 day of storage. Removing the rind accelerated senescence and off‐flavour production, while the presence of rind improved the overall storage stability of fresh‐cut watermelon slices.
Functional components of grape pomace: their composition, biological properties and potential applications
Authors: Yu Jianmei , Ahmedna Mohamed 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe roles of functional foods on human health have been realised by more and more researchers, food producers and consumers. Functional food ingredients from both plant and animal sources such as dietary fibre, soy protein isolate, whey protein isolate and omega 3 fatty acid have been widely used in functional food product development. Many fruit processing by‐products such as grape, apple and orange peels are rich in bioactive phytochemicals, dietary fibre and unsaturated fatty acids, hence have potential to serve as functional food ingredients. In this review, we summarise recent advancement of research in grape pomace (GP), the residual of grapes after wine making. The polyphenol profile of GP and their biological, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, the stability of GP polyphenols in food system, the interaction between GP polyphenol and other food ingredients, as well as the functionalities of grape seed oil and GP fibre are covered.
Evolution of amino acids and biogenic amines in natural ciders as a function of the year and the manufacture steps
Authors: Garai‐Ibabe Gaizka , Irastorza Ana , Dueñas María Teresa , Martín‐Álvarez Pedro J. , Moreno‐Arribas Victoria M. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe evolution of biogenic amines and other nitrogen compounds during the elaboration period of natural ciders in two successive seasons and two types of presses was studied. The harvest year affects the concentrations of most of the amino acids, while few of them were affected by the type of press. Asparagine and aspartic acid were the most abundant amino acids in fresh musts followed by α‐alanine, α‐aminobutyric acid, glutamine and glutamic acid. The mean concentrations of these amino acids in the fresh musts from the two harvest years were 12.35, 11.12, 6.45, 6.29, 5.28 and 4.87 mg L−1, respectively. During cidermaking, a decrease in the sum of all amino acids was detected (from 128 ± 54.311 mg L−1 to 22.5 ± 4.863 mg L−1 in 2005 and from 72.2 ± 15.256 mg L−1 to 6.5 ± 4.112 mg L−1 in 2006). Furthermore, significant differences in the concentration of most amino acids related to harvest year were observed. Concerning the biogenic amine content, putrescine was the main and the only amine present in all musts (3.72 ± 1.68 mg L−1) and ciders (3.59 ± 1.83 mg L−1). Histamine was the second biogenic amine of quantitative importance in final ciders (1.15 ± 0.69 mg L−1), and tyramine was only detected in one of the cidermaker cellars at the end of the elaboration period. The low concentrations of biogenic amines in ciders were attributed to the low contents of the corresponding precursor amino acids and do not affect to cider quality.
E‐beam irradiation affects the maximum specific growth rate of Bacillus cereus
Authors: Aguirre Juan , Rodríguez Mª Rosa , González Rodrigo , García de Fernando Gonzalo 
Published: October 2012

SummaryWhen conventional preservative treatments are applied, such as heat or acid, the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) of survivors is the same as that of untreated cells. However, when new nonthermal technology is applied, the effects of it on the kinetics of the microorganism can be unpredictable. In this sense, Cabeza et al. (2010) reported longer doubling times after irradiating with accelerated electron beam. The aim of this work was to study the effect of electron beam irradiation on the μmax of Bacillus cereus and compare it with a conventional inactivation treatment (heat). To prove this, μmax was estimated in ham at 12 °C and in TSB at 22 °C after 0, 2, 3 or 4 log reduction by irradiation; likewise, μmax was estimated in whole milk at 12 °C and in TSB at 22 °C after the same log reduction using heat treatments. Our findings show that irradiation affected the μmax of survivor cells. Irradiation intensity was inversely proportional to μmax, such that greater intensity was associated with lower μmax. At the same time, growth temperature had an effect on the decrease in μmax: the radiation‐induced reductions in μmax were greater at 12 °C than at 22 °C. In summary, E‐beam irradiation decreases the μmax of B. cereus, while heat treatment does not. This suggests that the shelf life of irradiated foods must be longer than that of heat‐preserved foods after the application of a similar inactivation treatment.