bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘What is the impact of birth family contact on children in adoption and long‐term foster care?’ A systematic review
Authors: Boyle Caroline 
Published: May 2015

AbstractContact plans for children in adoption and long‐term foster care are decided on a case‐by‐case basis, as directed by the paramountcy principle in the Children Act (1989). The idea that birth family contact helps children resolve issues around attachment, separation and loss, and identity is prevalent in social work practice. However, evidence revealing the detrimental impact of contact has been used to support increasingly restrictive legislation. The current review aims to provide policy‐makers and social workers with a resource to guide decisions in permanency planning by evaluating this evidence and reported outcomes for children. The research question and exclusion/inclusion criteria were formulated and used to develop a search strategy. Of the 412 potential titles returned, 11 were of sufficient quality to include in the thematic synthesis. Results were mixed and significantly influenced by moderator variables such as the pre‐existing relationship between children and their birth families. Outcomes were particularly positive when there was a collaborative approach between birth families and adoptive parents or foster carers. Outcomes tended to be poorest for children who had ongoing contact with maltreating birth parents. The review findings support current policy and previous research in recommending a more reflexive approach to assessing and planning contact.
Mycosis fungoides with epidermal mucinosis: a variant of mycosis fungoides with a spongiosis‐like pattern
Authors: Hu Stephanie W. , Ratech Howard , Naeem Rizwan , Latkowski Jo‐Ann , Kamino Hideko 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundThe histopathologic diagnosis of mycosis fungoides (MF) has classically relied on the presence of atypical epidermotropic T‐lymphocytes predominating over spongiosis. However, in some cases of MF, prominent epidermal mucinosis in a spongiosis‐like pattern mimics a spongiotic dermatitis. To our knowledge, only one series in the literature has thus far recognized the presence of epidermal mucinosis in MF.MethodsWe evaluated 30 skin biopsies from 18 patients with the clinical diagnosis of MF, which fulfilled all histopathologic criteria for patch‐ or plaque‐stage MF, but also showed epidermal mucinosis in a spongiosis‐like pattern. A total of 15 specimens were studied by immunohistochemistry, and seven were tested for T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements. Twenty biopsies of spongiotic dermatitides were included as controls.ResultsWe confirmed the presence of epidermal mucinosis in all 30 cases of MF with a spongiosis‐like pattern based on histopathologic criteria and the colloidal iron stain for mucin. Immunohistochemistry in 15 specimens showed significant loss of pan‐T‐cell antigens CD5 (10/15) and CD7 (14/15); and TCR clonality was detected in 7 specimens from 6 patients, supporting the diagnosis of MF.ConclusionsWe report helpful histopathologic criteria for distinguishing MF with epidermal mucinosis in a spongiosis‐like pattern from spongiotic dermatitis.
The role of rock fragments in crack and soil structure development: a laboratory experiment with a Vertisol
Authors: Gargiulo L. , Mele G. , Terribile F. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryA large number of factors that influence soil surface cracking behaviour in swell‐shrink soils have been studied, but there are few studies on the influence of rock fragments on crack development. Effects of rock fragments have been investigated with reference to the soil pore system but they have mainly been studied indirectly through measurements of water flow and/or bulk density changes. A laboratory experiment was carried out with repacked soil samples that were prepared by adding rock fragments of three different sizes (2–4, 4–8 and 12–16 mm) to a Vertisol at two different rates (10 and 25% by volume). Soil image analysis procedures were applied in order to describe quantitatively the network of surface cracks and the pore system to a depth of 8 cm below the surface, which developed after wetting‐drying cycles. Mean values and standard deviations of surface crack or pore widths decreased with the increase in rock fragment content and the decrease in rock fragment size, while the density of the ‘skeleton’ of the crack and pore networks increased. Rock fragments also induced vertical homogenization of the soil structure. The number of rock fragments was a key factor in determining some crack network characteristics, inducing inverse variations in mean width and skeleton density of the crack or pore network. Overall results suggested that rock fragments acted as triggering points for crack and pore development in Vertisols. The findings of this work provide a contribution to the understanding of the mechanisms of crack network and soil structure development that are induced by stones in swell‐shrink soils.
Clinical evaluation of a jejunojejunal end‐to‐end anastomosis with skin staples with or without coverage by a mesenteric flap
Authors: Gandini M. , Giusto G. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis study describes a novel end‐to‐end‐jejunojejunal‐anastomotic technique using skin staples following resection of compromised small intestine. Five horses were referred with colic and underwent exploratory laparotomy, resection and anastomosis. No long‐term complications were recorded at 12 months. This safe and effective technique may be used in equine gastrointestinal surgery.
Water Level Declines in the High Plains Aquifer: Predevelopment to Resource Senescence
Authors: Haacker Erin M. K. , Kendall Anthony D. , Hyndman David W. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA large imbalance between recharge and water withdrawal has caused vital regions of the High Plains Aquifer (HPA) to experience significant declines in storage. A new predevelopment map coupled with a synthesis of annual water levels demonstrates that aquifer storage has declined by approximately 410 km3 since the 1930s, a 15% larger decline than previous estimates. If current rates of decline continue, much of the Southern High Plains and parts of the Central High Plains will have insufficient water for irrigation within the next 20 to 30 years, whereas most of the Northern High Plains will experience little change in storage. In the western parts of the Central and northern part of the Southern High Plains, saturated thickness has locally declined by more than 50%, and is currently declining at rates of 10% to 20% of initial thickness per decade. The most agriculturally productive portions of the High Plains will not support irrigated production within a matter of decades without significant changes in management.
Integrated analysis of safety data from 12 clinical interventional studies of plasma‐ and albumin‐free recombinant factor VIII (rAHF‐PFM) in haemophilia A
Authors: Shapiro A. D. , Schoenig‐Diesing C. , Silvati‐Fidell L. , Wong W. Y. , Romanov V. 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionAntihaemophilic factor (recombinant), plasma/albumin‐free method (rAHF‐PFM) is a human recombinant full‐length factor VIII (FVIII) approved worldwide for the control and prevention of bleeding episodes, routine prophylaxis and perioperative management in adults and children with haemophilia A.AimTo evaluate rAHF‐PFM safety [including adverse events (AEs) and inhibitor incidence] from 12 interventional studies spanning >10 years.MethodsThe study population comprised 418 treated patients (median age = 18.7 years) with FVIII levels ≤2% of normal, including 55 previously untreated or minimally treated patients (PUPs/MTPs) from all rAHF‐PFM phase I–IV studies, excluding observational safety studies.ResultsMost AEs were non‐serious; only 93 AEs in 45 patients (10.8%) were related to rAHF‐PFM. A total of 106 serious AEs (SAEs) occurred in 69 patients (16.5%); the most common were FVIII inhibitors (4.1%), device‐related infection (1.0%) and pyrexia (0.7%). The 17 SAEs considered related to treatment consisted of FVIII inhibitors in 1 previously treated patient (PTP) (≤5 Bethesda Units [BU]) and 16 PUPs/MTPs [7/55 high titre (>5 BU), 12.7%; 9/55 low titre (≤5 BU), 16.4%]. Overall, the incidence of FVIII inhibitors was 0.36% in PTPs and 29.1% in PUPs/MTPs. No deaths or cases of hypersensitivity related to rAHF‐PFM occurred.ConclusionThis integrated safety analysis evaluated the safety and tolerability of rAHF‐PFM in children and adults with moderately severe or severe haemophilia A in all interventional studies completed to date. It was important to review consolidated evidence as some AEs are rare. There were no new safety signals in a wide variety of clinical settings.
Collagen‐like peptide sequences inhibit bacterial invasion of root dentine
Authors: Brittan J. L. , Sprague S. V. , Huntley S. P. , Bell C. N. A. , Jenkinson H. F. , Love R. M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of peptides derived from the sequence of collagen to inhibit penetration of human or bovine dentine by species of streptococci and enterococci.MethodologyBlocks of human or bovine root dentine were infected for 14 days with bacterial cultures, in the presence or absence of various collagen‐like peptide sequences. Invasion of dentinal tubules was determined from microscopic images of histochemically stained dentine thin sections. Extent of invasion was expressed as tubule invasion index (TI), or tubule invasion factor (TIF) which, in addition to the density of invasion, took into account the depth of invasion. Data were analysed by two‐way anova.ResultsStreptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis were associated with heavy invasion (TI >2.5, TIF >4) of human or bovine root dentinal tubules, with E. faecalis being the most penetrative. Incorporation of peptides Gly–Pro–Ala or Gly–Pro–Hyp into the in vitro model system significantly reduced (P < 0.05) dentine invasion by the three species of highly invasive organisms. Inhibition of bacterial invasion by the peptides was dose dependent, and the peptides did not inhibit bacterial growth in culture.ConclusionSpecific collagen‐like peptide sequences inhibited the invasion of dentine in vitro by a range of oral bacteria. The peptides likely act as competitive inhibitors blocking bacterial collagen receptors and could potentially allow for target‐specific control of dentine infections.
Bladder augmentation in children and young adults: a review of published literature
Authors: Doyle Sarah , Carter Bernie , Bray Lucy , Sanders Caroline 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to review published literature on bladder augmentation in children and young adults (C&YA) with a neuropathic bladder following a neural tube defect or spinal cord injury to inform nursing practice and patient education. Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the British Nursing Index were systematically searched to identify studies. The papers reviewed were case studies and medical note review in single centres regarding outcome and post‐operative complications. This limits the generalisability of the findings surrounding outcome and risk of bladder augmentation surgery in C&YA. Evidence suggests irrigation has a role in ongoing bladder management to reduce complications such as bladder calculi. However, data are sparse regarding both appropriate irrigation solutions and the frequency of irrigation necessary to minimise calculi formation. A statistically significant increase is noted in the risk of perforation following bladder augmentation when associated with bladder neck surgery at the time of primary surgery. Limited evidence exists regarding longer term systemic implications of bladder augmentation, such as malignancy or impact on bone mineral density. None of the studies demonstrated an overall improvement in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) following bladder augmentation. Discrepancies exist between parental and children's HRQoL scores. Bladder augmentation is clinically the standard surgical treatment used to manage refractory neuropathic bladder. However, current evidence demonstrates no improvements to HRQoL following surgery and also describes various complications. Future research in this area is necessary to explore standards of care and most importantly long‐term outcome measures from the patient and professional perspective.
Phylogenetic eigenvectors and nonstationarity in the evolution of theropod dinosaur skulls
Authors: Diniz‐Filho J. A. F. , Alves D. M. C. C. , Villalobos F. , Sakamoto M. , Brusatte S. L. , Bini L. M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDespite the long‐standing interest in nonstationarity of both phenotypic evolution and diversification rates, only recently have methods been developed to study this property. Here, we propose a methodological expansion of the phylogenetic signal‐representation (PSR) curve based on phylogenetic eigenvectors to test for nonstationarity. ThePSRcurve is built by plotting the coefficients of determinationR2from phylogenetic eigenvector regression (PVR) models increasing the number of phylogenetic eigenvectors against the accumulated eigenvalues. ThePSRcurve is linear under a stationary model of trait evolution (i.e. the Brownian motion model). Here we describe the distribution of shifts in the modelsR2and used a randomization procedure to compare observed and simulated shifts along thePSRcurve, which allowed detecting nonstationarity in trait evolution. As an applied example, we show that the main evolutionary pattern of variation in the theropod dinosaur skull was nonstationary, with a significant shift in evolutionary rates in derived oviraptorosaurs, an aberrant group of mostly toothless, crested, birdlike theropods. This result is also supported by a recently proposed Bayesian‐based method (AUTEUR). A significant deviation betweenCeratosaurusandLimusaurusterminal branches was also detected. We purport that our new approach is a valuable tool for evolutionary biologists, owing to its simplicity, flexibility and comprehensiveness.
An audit of nursing reports for First‐Tier Tribunals in a secure inpatient service
Authors: Haw C. 
Published: May 2015

Accessible Summary
Very little research has been conducted into the role of nurses in relation to patients' mental health tribunals (known in some countries as review panels).
In England nurses are playing an increasingly important role in giving evidence at tribunals and, since October 2013, are required to provide much more detailed written reports than previously.
This is the first published study to examine the content of nursing tribunal reports.
Overall, the quality of nursing reports was patchy and not as good as those of psychiatrists or social workers, but there was improvement when the audit was repeated.
Writing reports for tribunals is a comparatively new and perhaps unfamiliar requirement for nursing staff.
Nurses need training in report writing and protected time and a quiet area to write reports. Providing these things is a real challenge on busy inpatient wards.
AbstractIn October 2013, the Tribunals Judiciary of England issued a new practice direction stipulating how tribunal reports should be completed. This paper aimed to study the quality of nursing tribunal reports in a secure inpatient service before and after the introduction of the latest practice direction and the issuing of a local template to aid report writing. A total of 160 reports (80 written in 2013 and 80 in 2014) were scored on the presence of 24 key items derived from the latest practice direction. The quality of nursing reports improved in the re‐audit from an average of 36.3% of key items present to 51.3% but still lagged behind that of medical and social circumstances reports. Even in the second audit, few reports were signed or commented on why the patient should remain detained. Report length increased from a mean of 2.9 to 4.0 pages but only 27.5% of reports used the template despite widespread publicity. Use of the template resulted in better quality reports. Among other interventions, a training programme in report writing is now underway to assist nurses with meeting the new practice direction requirements. Nurses also need supervision, protected time and a quiet area for report writing.
Evaluation of the ventro 20° rostral‐dorsocaudal oblique radiographic projection for the investigation of canine nasal disease
Authors: Finck M. , Durand A. , Hammond G. , Sullivan M. , King A. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVETo assess the ventro 20° rostral‐dorsocaudal oblique projection for canine nasal disease as an alternative to the dorsoventral intra‐oral view.MATERIALS AND METHODSThirty‐one dogs with nasal disease underwent radiography and computed tomography with a final diagnosis of underlying cause achieved through rhinoscopy, biopsy or cytology. Three independent observers, blinded to diagnosis, reviewed the nasal radiographs on two separate occasions. Intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement and level of confidence on radiographic diagnosis were evaluated and radiographic diagnosis was compared with computed tomography and definitive diagnosis.RESULTSThe ventro 20° rostral‐dorsocaudal oblique projection of canine nasal cavities was feasible in anaesthetised dogs and gave diagnostic quality images in most dogs. Assessment of this view showed moderate to substantial agreement with computed tomography diagnosis but gave lower confidence in diagnosis. Interpretation of this radiographic projection had substantial to almost perfect repeatability but moderate reproducibility.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe ventro 20° rostral‐dorsocaudal oblique projection may be used as a valuable initial screening tool for canine nasal pathology in practices without access to advanced imaging, although computed tomography is still likely to provide greater diagnostic information.
Tagore and Gandhi: The Way of the Artist and the Way of the Ascetic
Authors: Grbić Igor 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi were the most world‐famous Indians of their time. Their relationship was one of great mutual respect, but it was also troubled by clashes of two very disparate sensitivities and spiritual frames. The subject has been noticed and explored by authors dealing with either of the two grand men. The present paper aims, however, at showing that not only were Tagore and Gandhi as different as they were but also that the various ways of the spirit came close to be concentrated in the two of them, making each one of its two poles: Gandhi stood for the spirit manifesting itself as renunciation, constant negation, the Apollonian − even Thanatotic − logos sustained by a strictly religious mind, while Tagore incarnated the spirit operating as the all‐embracing force of eternal affirmation, the Dionysian eros upheld by an unchecked artistic imagination. The opposition is mythically paradigmatic: one can sense in it another enactment of the irreconcilable strife between the will to create and explode towards proliferation and the will to annihilate and implode into nullity. It is the via positiva versus via negativa. At the deepest level, their ends overlap perfectly.
Was Tagore a Feminist? Re‐evaluating Selected Fiction and Their Film Adaptations
Authors: Mandal Somdatta 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper focuses on the stories of Tagore that profess strong feminist values and also their representations in certain cinematic adaptations of the same. Although Tagore was a visionary and believed in many ideas that were much ahead of his time, the paper discusses how Tagore's feminist beliefs and his treatment of women characters were not consistent throughout his writing career. As far as the point of view of women was concerned, it moved between conservatism and radicalism, and so, in some stories, the marginalized woman finds a voice and challenges her position, while in others, she is compelled to conform to patriarchal boundaries. As this study shows, the film adaptations in Bengali cinema that continue to be inspired by Tagore's fiction illustrate the modern day relevance of Tagore's concerns and ideas in relation to a woman's position in society and the challenges she offers to social expectations of her gendered role and at the same time also embodies the ambivalent attitude to women that is evident in society today.
Towards a Tagorean Utopia: From Rural Reconstruction to Transition Towns
Authors: Marsh Christine 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRabindranath Tagore was ‘a poet who was an indefatigable man of action’ (Uma Das Gupta, A Biography ix). Over eighty years ago, Tagore saw the world environment collapsing due to ‘an epidemic of voracity that has infected the total area of civilization’ (‘City and Village’ 310). His practical activities involved a progressive school and university, integrated with research and assistance concerned with village revival and rebuilding the local economy and community. It is timely to re‐examine what Tagore tried to achieve. Information about these initiatives, together with a study of Tagore's insights as expressed in his essays, those written in English and those translated from Bengali, can yield an understanding of the form of local and global community he envisaged and tried to bring into being. That vision is compatible with the aims and development of the Transition Movement, which is motivated by a recognition that the capitalist machine is running out of control, to the detriment of planet and people. This reading of Tagore reveals that, in effect, he advocated a withdrawal from the capitalist system, ‘back to the future’, not to a rustic existence bound by rigid cultural constraints, but to local cooperative farming and industry, progressive education and renewed culture and creativity.
Rabindranath Tagore's Global Vision
Authors: Fraser Bashabi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis ‘Introduction’ to a special issue on Rabindranath Tagore affirms his position as an Indian Renaissance man and assesses his stature as a leading world writer, philosopher, educationist, environmentalist, rural reconstructionist, activist and pragmatist who embodies India's ‘modern consciousness’ (Nandy, ). Tagore's international impact was phenomenal in his lifetime and his global vision continues to have universal resonance today. This project seeks to move beyond the initial response to Tagore as an ‘Eastern Sage’ on the world stage to Tagore as the knowledgeable intellectual (Bhattacharya, ) who challenges the binarism of the East and the West and seeks to facilitate a dialogue between disparate nations and peoples. Tagore's implicit belief in humankind's creative principle is a confirmation of his vision of the ‘universal man’ prevailing in spite of the conflict of his times. A state‐of‐the field account is offered as the continuing interest amongst scholars, researchers and translators of Tagore is documented and the compilation of articles illustrates an impetus to Tagore Studies that is bound to endure beyond ‘a hundred years from now’ (Tagore, 1896).
Co‐operation and Co‐operatives: The global dilemmas of Tagore's Rural Democracy
Authors: Datta Pradip Kumar 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRabindranath Tagore experimented with co‐operatives as part of his commitment to the ethic of co‐operation that, he believed, could rescue the world from self‐destructive competition. Co‐operatives were an important part of the program of rural reconstruction at Sriniketan, a part of Viswabharati. Tagore's co‐operatives seek to activate a social ethic that can establish symmetrical relationships within and between the global, national, and local. They impinge on the desire for a substantive culture of democracy. Tagore's efforts are undertaken as part of a global network of ideas and practices, especially those formed in Ireland. Sriniketan gives practical shape to this co‐operative program and in doing so, runs into problems. These are actually profound dilemmas that have major implications for an alternate vision of a shared world.