bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, operation, and performance evaluation of a cable‐drawn dual‐axis solar tracker compared to a fixed‐tilted system
Authors: Lo Summer , Cheng Fritz , Chang Vincent , Liu William Der‐Jenq , Chang Leo , Adurodija Ojo F. , Chou ErhNan , Lung Curtis , Liu Jeff , Lu Tim , Su Jeffery , Cheng Eve 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article discusses the design, operation, and performance evaluation of a unique cable‐operated 6.24 kWp commercial‐size solar tracking system called iPV dual‐axis tracker or iPV DAT with a position detector to gain the maximum power from the sunlight. Compared with other solar tracking systems, low cost, simplified hardware structure, and controlling algorithm are the advantages of this system. The operating method of the 6.24 kWp iPV DAT follow a simple pull and release of the steel cables connecting the corners of the PV module frame to the electric motors and directed by an electronic control system. The steel cables attached to the corners of the module frame also provide an extra stability in the event of high wind of up to 220 km/h. The accuracy of the tracking effect is managed by an astronomical algorithm that enables a full 360° azimuth rotation and altitude tilt of −40° to 40° (0 = horizontal). The controller algorithm also includes backtracking capability that allows optimization of ground cover ratio. Performance evaluation of the iPV DAT installed and operated in Taiwan for 12 months is compared with a fixed‐tilt PV system. An average electricity gain of 30.1% and performance ratio of 93% are realized using iPV DAT.
An old solution to a new problem? Hydrogen generation by the reaction of ferrosilicon with aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions
Authors: Brack Paul , Dann Sandie E. , Wijayantha K. G. Upul , Adcock Paul , Foster Simon 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe chemical hydrogen storage properties of ferrosilicon were investigated. A hydrogen yield of ~4.75 wt.% (with respect to the mass of ferrosilicon) was estimated by the reaction of varying quantities of ferrosilicon with 5 mL of 40 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction of ferrosilicon with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to form hydrogen was found to have an activation energy of 90.5 kJ mol−1 by means of an Arrhenius plot. It was observed that the induction period of the hydrogen generation reaction varies exponentially with temperature. Although this combination of high activation energy and a lengthy induction period at low temperatures reduces the attractiveness of ferrosilicon for portable hydrogen storage applications unless methods can be developed to accelerate the onset and rate of hydrogen generation, its low cost and widespread availability make it attractive for further studies focused on higher temperature stationary applications.
Estimating Drainage Periods for Agricultural Fields from Measured Data: Data‐Mining Methodology and a Case Study (La JailliÈRe, France)
Authors: Trajanov Aneta , Kuzmanovski Vladimir , Leprince Florence , Real Benoit , Dutertre Alain , Maillet‐Mezeray Julie , Džeroski Sašo , Debeljak Marko 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe identification of intensive drainage periods is important for determining mitigation strategies for protecting water against pollution with plant protection products (PPPs). Most attempts to estimate the start, duration and the end of a drainage period are based either on mechanistic modelling approaches or on empirical knowledge about tile drainage. Mechanistic modelling requires many parameters, while the empirical approach does not allow for making the simulations and predictions needed for proposing reliable mitigation measures. In order to complement these two approaches, we have used a data‐mining approach on data from 25 (1987–2011) agricultural seasons (campaigns) from the experimental station La Jaillière, France. The models for estimating the start and the end of the intensive drainage period for a particular campaign have the form of decision trees and tell us which factors influence these dates the most. The start of a drainage period depends mostly on the cumulative drainage and the cumulative rainfall since the beginning of the campaign and the average air temperature of the last 7 days. For estimating the end of a drainage period, the most important variables are the cumulative rainfall of the last 7 days and the average air temperature of the following 7 days. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of CCN2 in Amino Acid Metabolism of Chondrocytes
Authors: Murase Yurika , Hattori Takako , Aoyama Eriko , Nishida Takashi , Maeda‐Uematsu Aya , Kawaki Harumi , Lyons Karen M. , Sasaki Akira , Takigawa Masaharu , Kubota Satoshi 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTCCN2/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a multi‐functional molecule that promotes harmonized development and regeneration of cartilage through its matricellular interaction with a variety of extracellular biomolecules. Thus, deficiency in CCN2 supply profoundly affects a variety of cellular activities including basic metabolism. A previous study showed that the expression of a number of ribosomal protein genes was markedly enhanced inCcn2‐null chondrocytes. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the impact of CCN2 on amino acid and protein metabolism in chondrocytes. Comparative metabolome analysis of the amino acids inCcn2‐null and wild‐type mouse chondrocytes revealed stable decreases in the cellular levels of all of the essential amino acids. Unexpectedly, uptake of such amino acids was rather enhanced inCcn2‐null chondrocytes, and the addition of exogenous CCN2 to human chondrocytic cells resulted in decreased amino acid uptake. However, as expected, amino acid consumption by protein synthesis was also accelerated inCcn2‐null chondrocytes. Furthermore, we newly found that expression of two genes encoding two glycolytic enzymes, as well as the previously reportedEno1gene, was repressed in those cells. Considering the impaired glycolysis and retained mitochondrial membrane potential inCcn2‐null chondrocytes, these findings suggest thatCcn2deficiency induces amino acid shortage in chondrocytes by accelerated amino acid consumption through protein synthesis and acquisition of aerobic energy. Interestingly, CCN2 was found to capture such free amino acids in vitro. Under physiological conditions, CCN2 may be regulating the levels of free amino acids in the extracellular matrix of cartilage. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 927–937, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relation between circulation types and regional Alpine climate. Part II: the dependence of the predictive skill on the vertical level of the classification for Trentino
Authors: Panziera L. , Giovannini L. , Laiti L. , Zardi D. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effect of varying the vertical level of a synoptic circulation classification on its predictive skill with respect to surface temperature, rainfall, solar radiation and wind in Trentino, a mountainous region in the South‐Eastern Alps. A synoptic climatology based on the same data set and classification method presented in part I of the present article, in fact, showed that seasonal anomalies of mean daily temperature, daily rainfall, daily solar irradiation and mean daily wind intensity vary not only among weather types and seasons but also within the same type and season for different vertical levels. This analysis quantifies the ability of the method to classify synoptic circulation in classes associated with distributions of atmospheric variables different from climatology and to identify the occurrence of extreme events. The statistical metrics presented in the article demonstrate that the differences in predictive skill between classifications applied to distinct levels are comparable in magnitude to those between different atmospheric variables and seasons for the same level. The level of 500 hPa generally provides the largest predictive skill with respect to total daily rainfall, daily solar irradiation and daily temperature range in all seasons. On the other hand, the largest skill with respect to wind intensity is found for sea level pressure and 850 hPa circulation types. Large seasonal variations are also evident, with the colder seasons providing the largest predictive skill. Combinations of circulation types derived at two vertical levels increase the skill, although an optimal combination of levels could not be found even for the same atmospheric variable and season.
Optical performance characterization of flexible mobile displays
Authors: Kimmel Jyrki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe high interest in the display industry to produce curved or flexible displays for mobile, wearable, and television markets has raised concerns on the performance of displays in their bent state. Flexible display technologies have been developed for this purpose, but their optical characteristics have not been previously reported at various degrees of curvature. The measurement of flexible displays is possible only with special measurement arrangements using common display characterization devices. A conoscope with a working distance of 15 mm was used to demonstrate the curvature dependence of luminance, viewing angle, and color coordinates of the white point of a flexible active‐matrix organic light‐emitting display. The results show that the effect of curvature on the optical characteristics of the display is most evident at the smallest measured bending radii of +/−50 mm and that the effects are most visible when viewing the bent ends of the display, from the central normal vantage point, with uniform curvature along the display.
Development and application of a gas chromatography method for simultaneously measuring H2 and CH4 in hydrothermal plume samples
Authors: Wang Hu , Zhou Huaiyang , Yang Qunhui , Lilley Marvin D. , Wu Jialin , Ji Fuwu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA robust, simple and efficient gas chromatography (GC) method is presented for determining H2 and CH4 concentrations simultaneously in water samples. The GC system consists of one detector (pulsed discharge helium ionization detector—PDHID), two columns in two ovens, respectively, and two 2‐position‐6‐port purge valves. In this method, H2 and CH4 in water samples were first extracted into the headspace of syringes, then injected into the GC system. Both H2 and CH4 were detected by a PDHID. The separation of CH4 from O2 and N2 in seawater is achieved by switching the O2 and N2 out of the carrier gas flow at the appropriate time window. H2 and CH4 concentrations in water samples collected from hydrothermal plumes at the Southwest Indian Ridge were determined successfully using this method.
Une justice plus commerciale qu’industrielle ? Comparaison des attentes d’une « bonne justice » en Suisse
Authors: De Santis Lorenzo Gennaro 
Published: September 2015

Résumé
Le but de cet article est triple. D’abord, nous identifions les qualités d’une bonne justice en Suisse, telles que définies par les différents acteurs qui forment le tribunal au sens large (juges, gestionnaires de tribunaux, avocats, journalistes, politiciens). Deuxièmement, nous vérifions si ces qualités peuvent coexister avec les valeurs véhiculées par le monde managérial (NGP). Enfin, nous évaluons la manière dont elles cohabitent (hybridation, dominance des unes sur les autres, etc.). Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé une série d’entretiens (56) semi-structurés menés dans des tribunaux de première et seconde instance dans des cours civiles, administratives et criminelles, dans les trois régions linguistiques du pays. Les résultats montrent que les groupes d’acteurs interviewés ont des attentes relativement similaires et qu’elles ne semblent pas être incompatibles avec celles de l’univers managérial. Cependant, lorsqu’ils décrivent la bonne justice, les participants font plus souvent appel à des notions liées au monde commercial qu’au monde industriel contrairement à d’autres études menées auprès d’employés du secteur public suisse, mais dans la lignée de ceux du Québec. L’article ouvre la voie à des recherches ultérieures dont l’objectif sera de tester ces conclusions.
Notes from Libya
Authors: Bennett Paul , Graham Pauline 
Published: September 2015

Abstract‘Notes from Libya’ is a new regular feature of Libyan Studies and follows the reports of the Society's Head of Mission, as well as updates on the business environment from Pauline Graham. These reports were previously concerned with the organisation of fieldwork and administrative matters connected to obtaining permissions, visas, and so on, and were recorded in the minutes of the Council meetings. However, they have recently taken on a new form, outlining the alarming developments in Libya, largely focusing on its heritage but also on the political and economic situations which impact on the management of Libya's ancient monuments and artefacts. The importance and historical interest of these reports now, however, merit a wider audience and a more formal record, so these accounts will now be published in Libyan Studies.
High serum carotenoids associated with lower risk for the metabolic syndrome and its components among Japanese subjects: Mikkabi cohort study
Authors: Sugiura Minoru , Nakamura Mieko , Ogawa Kazunori , Ikoma Yoshinori , Yano Masamichi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRecent epidemiological studies show the association of carotenoids with the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but thorough longitudinal cohort studies regarding this association have not been well conducted. The objective of this study was to investigate longitudinally whether serum carotenoids are associated with the risk of developing the MetS and its components in Japanese subjects. We conducted a follow-up study on 1073 men and women aged 30–79 years at the baseline from the Mikkabi prospective cohort study. Those who participated in the baseline and completed follow-up surveys were examined longitudinally. Over the 10-year period, 910 subjects (295 men and 615 women) took part in the follow-up survey at least once. Over a mean follow-up period of 7·8 (sd 2·9) years, thirty-six men and thirty-one women developed new MetS. After adjustments for confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) for the MetS in the highest tertile of serum β-carotene against the lowest tertile was 0·47 (95 % CI 0·23, 0·95). On the other hand, significantly lower risks for dyslipidaemia were observed in the highest tertiles of serum α- and β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin (HR 0·66; 95 % CI 0·46, 0·96; HR, 0·54; 95 % CI 0·37, 0·79; and HR 0·66; 95 % CI 0·44, 0·99, respectively). Other significant associations between the risks for obesity, high blood pressure and hyperglycaemia with serum carotenoids were not observed. Our results further support the hypothesis that eating a diet rich in carotenoids might help prevent the development of the MetS and its complications in Japanese subjects.
Coming of age? Asian Arctic research, 2004–2013
Authors: Stensdal Iselin 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis article surveys ten years of Asian involvement with Arctic research, from 2004 to 2013. The Asian countries have consolidated their Arctic research efforts, with publication output, funding and infrastructure showing a marked increase from 2008. Most of this research is in the natural sciences and relates to climate change, but there is also an emerging branch of social science studies. National polar institutes play important roles as links between the science communities and governments. Asian polar research still focuses more on Antarctica than the Arctic. As to the relationship between research and policies, there is little evidence that the Asian governments have aspirations of gaining political influence through their Arctic research.
Is There a Role for Assent or Dissent in Animal Research?
Authors: KANTIN HOLLY , WENDLER DAVID 
Published: September 2015

Abstract:Current regulations and widely accepted principles for animal research focus on minimizing the burdens and harms of research on animals. However, these regulations and principles do not consider a possible role for assent or dissent in animal research. Should investigators solicit the assent or respect the dissent of animals who are used in research, and, if so, under what circumstances? In this article we pursue this question and outline the relevant issues that bear on the answer. We distinguish two general reasons for respecting the preferences of research participants regarding whether they participate in research—welfare-based reasons and agency-based reasons. We argue that there are welfare-based reasons for researchers to consider, and in some cases respect, the dissent of all animals used in research. After providing a brief account of the nature of agency-based reasons, we argue that there is good reason to think that these reasons apply to at least chimpanzees. We argue that there is an additional reason for researchers to respect the dissent—and, when possible, solicit the assent—of any animal to whom agency-based reasons apply.
Another Alexander mosaic: reconstructing the Hunt mosaic from Palermo
Authors: Wootton William 
Published: September 2015

In 1904, a mosaic representing a hunt scene was found in House B in the Piazza della Vittoria in the centre of modern Palermo. The results of the excavations were published in 1921 by E. Gabriel. In 1931 H. Fuhrmann included an analysis and reconstruction of the mosaic in his book on the painter Philoxenos of Eretria. Work on both the context of the house and the mosaic has continued, confirming that House B was a richly-decorated Hellenistic house situated close to the E wall of the old town of Panormus. In this article I will re-assess Fuhrmann's reconstruction and subsequent interpretations. After describing the mosaic in detail, I will present and explain a new reconstruction.The Hunt mosaic was found set centrally in a large room (r) to the north of the peristyle (figs. 1 and 6). The main picture of the mosaic (205 × 174 cm) is framed by two bands, the inner black and the outer white. An intricate floral border comes next, then a band of white tesserae set at a 45° angle, and an outer frame consisting of two parallel black bands with a white one running through the middle. An adjusting border of white tesserae, also set at a 45° angle, runs up to the base of the walls.
Forum Novum–Vescovio: Studying urbanism in the Tiber valley
Authors: Gaffney Vince , Patterson Helen , Roberts Paul , Barratt G. , Bradley A. , Clarke W. , Goodman D. , Harlow M. , Nishimura Y. , Piro S. , Sudds B. , Watters M. 
Published: September 2015

The Roman town of Forum Novum lies in the Sabine hills to the northeast of Rome. Its study forms part of the British School at Rome's Tiber Valley Project, a collaborative research initiative which studies the Tiber valley as the hinterland of Rome, tracing the impact of Rome's development on the history of its settlement, economy, and cultural identity from 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1300 (Patterson and Millett 1999; Pattersonet al.2000) (fig. 1). The project draws on the extensive work carried out in this area to produce a new, material-based history of the valley. While the project seeks to re-evaluate past survey material, a vital contrast is provided by the development of new field projects to fill the gaps in settlement knowledge. Three main lacunae have been identified: the study of urban centres; the dearth of data from the E bank of the Tiber; and the poor understanding of the late-antique and early Mediaeval landscape. Forum Novum offers an opportunity to address all these lacunae.Urbanism forms a key research theme for the Tiber Valley Project. In marked contrast to the intensity of archaeological work on rural settlement in this area, there has been little systematic research on towns. Study has tended to concentrate on the excavation of monumental structures or, more rarely, the investigation of single and exceptional towns such as Ostia and Rome itself. Surprisingly little is known of the organization of the smaller towns and knowledge of their history is based largely on the epigraphic and documentary evidence.
L'obélisque du cirque d'Arles
Authors: Charron A. , Heijmans M. 
Published: September 2015

L'obélisque d'Arles est mentionné pour la première fois en 1389, au sud de la ville, au-delà des murs, sur l'emplacement du cirque romain dont il ornait la spina. Il fut redécouvert en 1565 et était alors scindé en deux grands fragments de 4,60 m pour la partie supérieure et de 10,80 m pour la base, et une pointe, signalée au XVIe s. dans le couvent des religieuses de Saint-Césaire, qui n'a malheureusement jamais été retrouvée. Depuis son érection entre les 20 et 26 mars 1676 devant l'Hôtel de Ville pour la plus grande gloire de Louis XIV (fig. 1), il fut l'objet d'un vif débat quant à l'origine de la roche le composant. L'attribution à une carrière varoise et plus particulièrement de l'Esterel qui fut longtemps retenue, est désormais à écarter. On dispose actuellement d'indications quant à une possible provenance orientale, bien que non égyptienne. Cette nouvelle identification permet de reprendre le dossier de l'obélisque et de proposer une date pour son installation.Pour L. Lazzarini, la pierre serait une quartzo-monzonite provenant d'une carrière située près d'Alexandrie de Troade (Turquie) qui n'a commencé à exporter qu'à partir du IIe s. et qui connut son apogée durant l'Antiquité tardive. On peut donc supposer que la mise en place de cet obélisque au milieu du cirque remonte vraisemblablement à cette dernière période et l'obélisque arlésien serait alors l'un des rares monolithes d'origine orientale, sinon le seul, installé pendant l'Antiquité en Occident en dehors de tous ceux destinés à décorer Rome.
Two sets of technical comments on P. Kessener, “The aqueduct at Aspendos,” JRA 13
Authors: Blackman Deane R. , Peleg Yehuda 
Published: September 2015

Kessener's comprehensive and scholarly contribution, which bravely tackles the basic science in some detail and which will surely be an enduring reference, nevertheless perpetuates some technical misunderstandings that recur in the literature. I begin with the term “siphon”. It is unfortunate that this term continues to be used. The term applies to the situation when, at some point in a closed conduit, the hydrostatic pressure is less than atmospheric. It is not just that the overwhelming proportion of the innumerable pipe systems in the world never know sub-atmospheric pressure and should not be confused with this unusual arrangement, which warrants a technical term of its own (indeed, many modern textbooks do not mention siphons); but to introduce the term inappropriately also leads to misleading reporting and misconceptions. When we reach the discussion of the hydraulics of this system, real siphons find their way into the argument (p. 125), though the evidence shows that there was no siphon at Aspendos. The presence of air pockets and so on is almost irrelevant to operations if no point in the system lies above the Hydraulic Grade Line; were it not so, no garden hose would work reliably.It is quite true that the problems of getting a siphon to start and to keep it running are significant: even without leaks, air tends to come out of solution and will eventually destroy the liquid column. But in a pipe system which does not go sub-atmospheric, the inverse (if we might dare to use the word) applies: air trapped at a high point will tend to be taken into solution, and the confused internal flow at such a point will be very efficient at entraining and so removing air. Just as a garden hose may splutter when first turned on, very rapidly all air is expelled from the system and there is no question that flow will eventually be established without further intervention.