bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Preparative-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Estimation and Identification of Laccaic Acid-A, Laccaic Acid-B, and Laccaic Acid-D
Authors: Ghosh Manik , Dey Suddhasattya , Mondal Arijit , Ranjan Lal Uma , Choudhury Avijit , Kumar Mandal Sudip , Sharma Sanjana 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
Lac is derived from Laccifer lacca Kerr and has historically been used as a dye due to its coloring qualities. It is now widely utilised in the food and colouring indus-tries. Lac dye was isolated for the first time with the help of preparative HPLC. Further char-acterization was also performed using NMR and MS spectroscopy techniques.

Methods:
The column used for the isolation was the Inertsil ODS-3 reverse-phase C18 column. The wavelength of the PDA detector was set between 275 nm and 410 nm. Data acquisition was carried out for Empower 2.0 (Waters Ltd., United States). For the mobile phase, Methanol: acetonitrile (85:15) is the ideal solvent system A, while 0.15% perchloric acid in water is the ideal solvent system B. Ultimately, a 0.22 μm membrane filter was used to filter the mobile phase. We conducted an effective gradient run after the runtime of 33 minutes, setting the flow rate at 15 mL/min. We set up the fraction collector to operate on a time basis, with a maximum collection volume of 5 ml per vial and a period of 0.41 min for each vial.

Results:
After the chromatographic run, three single elution peaks were observed with reten-tion times (Rt) of 15.19, 25.09, and 30.54 min, respectively. The compounds associated with Rt 15.19 were effectively collected in vials nos. 13, 22, 31, and 40, respectively, in the fraction collector. The compound with a retention time of 25.09 was collected in vials no. 24, 33, 42, and 51, respectively, whereas the compound with a retention time of 30.54 was collected in vials no. 52, 61, 70, and 79, respectively, in the fraction collector.

Conclusion:
A sufficient amount of the samples was collected, and the Rota evaporator (Bu-chi, Germany) was used to evaporate the solvents. After lyophilization, the dried product was stored at 4oC for further analysis. The compound having an Rt of 15.19 min revealed that it is laccaic acid A. The compound having an Rt of 25.09 indicated that it is laccaic acid B. Finally, the compound having an an Rt of 30.54 min indicated that the compound is laccaic acid D.

result:
After the chromatographic run, three single elution peaks were observed having retention time (Rt) 15.19, 25.09 and 30.54 min, respectively. The compounds associated with Rt 15.19 was effectively collected in vial no 13, 22, 31 and 40 respectively in the fraction collector. The compound having retention time 25.09 was collected in the vial no 24, 33, 42 and 51 respectively, whereas compound having Rt 30.54 was collected in vial no 52, 61, 70 and 79 respectively in the fraction collector.
Exploring the Potential of Carotenoids in Obesity Management: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Rastogi Vanshika , Soni Shashank 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
Obesity is a global health concern with numerous comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. Carotenoids, found in a variety of natural sources like fruits and vegetables, are known for their potential health benefits. Emerging research suggests that certain carotenoids may play a major role in combating obesity through mechanisms involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism. Understanding the influence of carotenoids on metabolic health could offer valuable revelation about obesity management strategies.
To summarize the main findings on carotenoids that help in the management and prevention of obesity, exploring their potential benefits in weight management, metabolic health, and overall well-being.
An extensive literature survey was done on the management of obesity using PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and Springer. The results were then filtered based on the titles, abstracts, and accessibility of the complete texts. The search engine Google Scholar was accessed for the literature data mining.
This review highlights the diverse functions of carotenoids, such as their antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, and regulation of lipid metabolism, which contribute to their potential role in combating obesity. Studies suggest that carotenoids may help reduce adiposity, lipid accumulation, improve insulin sensitivity, and promote overall metabolic health, making them promising candidates for obesity management.
Obesity is synonymous with the appearance of major diseases and an overall decline in physical and mental performance. Overall, the findings of this review endorse the possible application of carotenoids as a nutritional supplement for the management and prevention of obesity. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the beneficial impacts of carotenoids on obesity-related consequences and to optimize their utilization in clinical practice and public health campaigns.
A CNN-based Machine Learning Model for the Identification of Herbal Drugs: A Case Study on Cumin
Authors: Naman Subh , Sharma Sanyam , Baldi Ashish 
Published: July 2024

Background:
This research paper showcases the creation and assessment of a machine
learning model utilizing the Efficient Net B4 architecture for the identification of cumin herbs
and any potential adulterants. The research presents a comprehensive overview of the model's
structure, emphasizing the different layers, their output dimensions, and the number of parameters.

Methods:
The trained model consists of a grand total of 17,684,581 parameters, out of which
10,758 have been found eligible for training. The model has been found to exhibit exceptional
performance on the training dataset, with an accuracy of 98.73%, a recall score of 0.95, and an
F1 score of 0.93. This demonstrates its usefulness in accurately identifying cumin herbs. A confusion
matrix has also been developed, which has showcased the model's remarkable proficiency
in accurately detecting cumin herbs. Although there have been few occurrences of misclassification,
the model has consistently shown exceptional accuracy by accurately identifying the majority
of cases in both the "cumin" and "not cumin" categories.

Results:
Upon comparing our model's performance to prior research, it has been found notable
for its high accuracy and the potential to be applied more broadly in the field of herbal identification.
This work offers an innovative way for recognizing cumin plants using machine learning,
despite the little research existing in this area. It also establishes a basis for future research on
identifying other important herbal items.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the machine learning model based on EfficientNet B4 has been found
to exhibit exceptional accuracy and show potential for practical use in identifying cumin herbs.
This study can significantly contribute to improving the authentication and quality assurance processes
in the herbal product business, paving the way for future advancements in this field.
The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and the Weekly Duration of Physical Activity Subset by Intensity and Domain: Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey From 2007 to 2018
Authors: Boparai Josheil K , Dunnett Sarah , Wu Michelle , Tassone Vanessa K , Duffy Sophie F , Zuluaga Cuartas Valentina , Chen Ziming , Jung Hyejung , Sabiston Catherine M , Lou Wendy , Bhat Venkat 
Published: July 2024

Background
Prior literature suggests a dose-response relationship between physical activity (PA) and depressive symptoms. The intensity and domain of PA are suggested to be critical to its protective effect against depression; however, existing literature has shown mixed results.

Objective
The purpose of this population-based study is to examine the associations between depressive symptoms and weekly duration of (1) total PA and (2) PA subset by intensity, domain, or both.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007 to 2018 was conducted using multivariable logistic and linear regression models and survey weights. Participants (N=29,730) were 20 years and older and completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire and Depression Screener. The primary outcome was the presence of depressive symptoms, and the secondary outcomes were cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms of depression.

Results
Participants (N=29,730) had a weighted mean age of 47.62 (SD 16.99) years, and 15,133 (51.34%) were female. On average, participants without depressive symptoms engaged in 10.87 hours of total PA per week, whereas participants with depressive symptoms engaged in 8.82 hours (P<.001). No significant associations were seen between the weekly duration of total PA and depressive symptom odds, somatic, or cognitive-affective symptoms (all P>.05). Participants with an increased weekly duration of recreational PA had decreases in depressive symptom odds (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.965, 95% CI 0.944-0.986) and in somatic (adjusted coefficient [aβ]=–0.016, 95% CI –0.022 to –0.009) and cognitive-affective (aβ=–0.015, 95% CI –0.023 to –0.007) symptoms. When recreational PA was subset by intensity, participants with an increased weekly duration of vigorous-intensity recreational PA had decreases in depressive symptom odds (aOR 0.926, 95% CI 0.883-0.972) and in somatic (aβ=–0.021, 95% CI –0.032 to –0.010) and cognitive-affective (aβ=–0.022, 95% CI –0.035 to –0.009) symptoms. However, significant associations were not seen for the weekly duration of work-related, moderate- or vigorous-intensity PAs (all P>.05).

Conclusions
Findings suggest that recreational, not work-related PA is associated with reduced symptoms of depression. Future studies should explore the impact of the different types and contexts of PA on depressive symptomatology.
Media Use and Its Associations With Paranoia in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Paquin Vincent , Ackerman Robert A , Depp Colin A , Moore Raeanne C , Harvey Philip D , Pinkham Amy E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Paranoia is a spectrum of fear-related experiences that spans diagnostic categories and is influenced by social and cognitive factors. The extent to which social media and other types of media use are associated with paranoia remains unclear.

Objective
We aimed to examine associations between media use and paranoia at the within- and between-person levels.

Methods
Participants were 409 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorder. Measures included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics at baseline, followed by ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) collected 3 times daily over 30 days. EMA evaluated paranoia and 5 types of media use: social media, television, music, reading or writing, and other internet or computer use. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine paranoia as a function of each type of media use and vice versa at the within- and between-person levels.

Results
Of the 409 participants, the following subgroups reported at least 1 instance of media use: 261 (63.8%) for using social media, 385 (94.1%) for watching TV, 292 (71.4%) for listening to music, 191 (46.7%) for reading or writing, and 280 (68.5%) for other internet or computer use. Gender, ethnoracial groups, educational attainment, and diagnosis of schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder were differentially associated with the likelihood of media use. There was a within-person association between social media use and paranoia: using social media was associated with a subsequent decrease of 5.5% (fold-change 0.945, 95% CI 0.904-0.987) in paranoia. The reverse association, from paranoia to subsequent changes in social media use, was not statistically significant. Other types of media use were not significantly associated with paranoia.

Conclusions
This study shows that social media use was associated with a modest decrease in paranoia, perhaps reflecting the clinical benefits of social connection. However, structural disadvantage and individual factors may hamper the accessibility of media activities, and the mental health correlates of media use may further vary as a function of contents and contexts of use.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE ASSIMETRIA DE CUSTOS E AGRESSIVIDADE TRIBUTÁRIA NO BRASIL
Authors: Miranda Ribeiro Patricia , Vianna Brugni Talles , Bastos da Cruz Poliano , Neris Nossa Silvania 
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a relação entre assimetria de custos e agressividade tributária nas empresas listadas na B3.
Método / abordagem: Foram analisadas 3.118 observações, referentes a 404 empresas listadas na B3, no período de 1995 a 2017. Os dados foram coletados na base de dados da Economatica. Os dados foram tratados e analisados utilizando-se do software Stata. A métrica utilizada para mensurar a agressividade tributária foi Effective Tax Rate. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, utilizou-se regressão de dados em painel com efeitos fixos.
Principais resultados: Os resultados sinalizam que empresas mais agressivas possuem menores níveis de assimetria de custos.
Contribuições metodológicas / sociais / gerenciais: o estudo contribui para a literatura sobre o tema, em um país de estrutura legal code law para saber se as empresas que apresentam maior grau de agressividade têm menor comportamento assimétrico dos custos em relação àquelas que são menos agressivas.
Originalidade / relevância: Essa associação surge porque gestores de empresas com maiores níveis de agressividade tributária tendem a ter mais recursos disponíveis, os quais podem se constituir em subsídio de caixa para redução de custos fixos em momentos de redução de receita, considerando a tendência natural das empresas em apresentarem assimetria no comportamento dos custos nesses casos.
Instrumentos derivados como herramientas estratégicas en la comercialización y financiación en el sector arrocero en la región Llanos
Authors: Buitrago Ingrid Milena , Rojas Carlos Pastor , Sastoque Rubio José Isnardi 
Published: July 2024

La volatilidad implícita en los mercados ha generado fluctuaciones que ponen en riesgo a las empresas, economías y consumidores. Por ello, para evitar que estos riesgos ocasionen un impacto en la seguridad alimentaria o incluso en la política monetaria de un país, se crean los instrumentos derivados, que buscan asegurar los beneficios en la actividad productiva de quienes están directamente relacionados con los productos básicos.

Este estudio busca analizar cuál es el riesgo presente en el sector arrocero y comprender que los diferentes instrumentos derivados son herramientas que permiten mitigar todo tipo de riesgo para, de esta manera, asegurar los beneficios de un sector que es considerado como riesgoso por inversores y entidades financieras.
Família multiespécie: a possibilidade de guarda compartilhada de animais de estimação
Authors: Morais Cauana Maira de , Galio Morgana Henicka 
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo trazer o conceito de família, logo em seguida a evolução e as novas formas de família que são aceitas na sociedade atual, como é o caso da família multiespécie. Sendo assim, o laço de afetividade criado entre os familiares e os animais, tornou- se muito comum nos dias de hoje. Neste contexto, surge a curiosidade sobre a possibilidade de guarda compartilhada dos animais de estimação. É necessário entender o conceito de família na atualidade e sua evolução para que possamos ter uma ideia do que está acontecendo, visto que a família passou por transformações no decorrer dos anos, e por isso atualmente o reconhecimento de família. Por fim, conclui-se que existe a possibilidade da guarda compartilhada de animais de estimação, o que caracteriza o vínculo das famílias, incluindo a afetividade e a proteção aos animais. O objetivo deste estudo é fornecer medidas legais para a necessária e suficiente guarda responsável dos animais de estimação nas relações domésticas. Quanto aos métodos, a pesquisa é realizada com material bibliográfico e artigo científico, por meio de métodos exploratórios e indutivos, valendo-se de legislação, fatos e revisões bibliográficas de autores de obras sobre o tema pertinentes às questões levantadas.
Mathematical Analysis of Chemically Reacting Species and Radiation Effects on MHD Free Convective Flow Through a Rotating Porous Medium
Authors: Sharma Pawan Kumar , Sharma Bhupendra Kumar , Kumar Anil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The present study deals with the effects of radiation and mass transfer on a laminar unsteady free convective flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting and chemically reacting fluid past a vertical surface in a rotating porous medium. It is assumed that the surface is rotating with angular velocity Ω. The governing mathematical equations are developed and solved by adopting complex variable notations and the analytical expressions for velocity, temperature and concentration fields are obtained. The effects of various parameters on mean primary velocity, mean secondary velocity, mean temperature, mean concentration, transient primary velocity, transient secondary velocity, transient temperature and transient concentration have been discussed and shown graphically. Further, the consequences of different parameters on rate of heat transfer coefficient (Nusselt number), rate of mass transfer coefficient (Sherwood number) and drag coefficient (mean skin-friction) are analysed. It is observed that the mean and transient primary velocities increase with the radiation parameter E, while reverse phenomena are observed for the Schmidt number, Sc, and the chemical reaction parameter, γ. The results may be useful in studying oil or gas and water movement through an oil or gas field reservoir, underground water migration, and the filtration and water purification processes.
Testing the Thermal Properties of the Insulating Structures of A Flight Data Recorder
Authors: Panas Andrzej J. , Szczepaniak Robert , Krupińska Anna , Łęczycki Krzysztof , Nowakowski Mirosław 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper deals with the problems faced during the research on the insulating structures used in the thermal shielding of flight recorders. These structures are characterised by specific properties determined by, among other aspects, their porosity. The complex and coupled heat-exchange phenomena occurring under the operating conditions of the recorders, and in numerous cases combined with mass exchange, require dedicated test methods. The paper characterises the origin of the research problem, presents a methodology for comprehensive testing of the thermal propertiesand uses the example of determining the insulating properties of the Promalight microporous structure ®-1000R. The authors focussed on thermal diffusivity tests performed by means of the oscillatory excitation method. The measurements were conducted on a test stand to determine the effect the type of gas filling had on the porous structure and the pore filling gaspressure effect on the temperature characteristics of apparent thermal diffusivity. The authors also conducted research on the structure’s resistance to direct flame exposure. The analysis of the obtained results enable recognition and characterisation of the key phenomena of heat and mass transfer; the numerical results exert a significant influence on their application.
Limits of Commitments
Authors: Dominik Martin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, I examine Brandom’s notion of a de re reading of a tradition and question its legitimacy under certain circumstances. Specifically, I argue that within the language game of giving and asking for reasons, commitments should be ascribed to the utterer within reasonable limits, with the utterer only responsible for intentional or negligent breaches of duty. Even if we were to include an ideal speaker who knows all facts available at the time of her utterance, she cannot be held accountable for ignorance of things that do not yet exist. Therefore, I further argue that the time of the utterance must be taken into consideration when ascribing commitments and keeping score in the game of giving and asking for reasons. This temporal aspect is suppressed by Brandom’s notion of de re reading for pragmatic reasons, as he seeks to tell an inferentialist story of the philosophical tradition. Nevertheless, I argue that legitimacy poses a problem even for this approach because Brandom formulates his account in terms of rules, responsibility and sanctions. I offer a critical perspective on Brandom’s de re reading and the broader implications of his inferentialist framework.
Numerical Simulation of Air Distribution in a Wide Chute
Authors: Shayanseresht Saeed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Desirable conditions of airflow should be provided for spillway chute aerators in two-phase air-water flow, especially in large-width chutes. There is no general approach to determine air entrainment, concentration distribution, and submergence along a chute introduced by an aerator shaft. The two-phase air-water modeling of Gavoshan dam in Iran as a case study of chute flow, its aerator, and the characteristics of flow into the cavity formed below the jet have been numerically investigated, and the results obtained have been validated against the laboratory experiments. The hydraulic parameters of the cavity and aerator shaft were determined to evaluate their performance and emphasize the importance of a proper aerator design. Sections with a greater distance from the bottom of the chute exhibit higher pressure magnitudes, while the mean air concentration values in the cavity are smaller in sections close to a ramp. Higher water discharge, lower pressure head in sections near the bottom of the cavity, and lower air concentration in sections near the ramp into the cavity increase the probability of cavitation occurrence.
Recombinase Polymerase Amplification assay for detection of the British root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne artiellia
Authors: Subbotin Sergei A. , Palomares-Rius Juan E. , Castillo Pablo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is an isothermal in vitro nucleic acid amplification technique that has been adopted for simple, robust, rapid, reliable diagnostics of nematodes. In this study, the real-time RPA assay and RPA assay combined with lateral flow dipsticks (LF-RPA) have been developed targeting the ITS rRNA gene of the British root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne artiellia. The assay provided specific and rapid detection of this root-knot nematode species from crude nematode extracts without a DNA extraction step with a sensitivity of 0.125 second-stage juvenile (J2) specimen per a reaction tube for real-time RPA during 11 min and a sensitivity of 0.5 J2 specimens per a reaction tube for LF-RPA during 25 min. The RPA assays were validated with a wide range of non-target root-knot nematodes. The LF-RPA assay has great potential for nematode diagnostics in the laboratory having minimal available equipment.