bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic inference and Bayesian‐like estimation in animals: Empirical evidence
Authors: Valone Thomas J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnimals often make decisions without perfect knowledge of environmental parameters like the quality of an encountered food patch or a potential mate. Theoreticians often assume animals make such decisions using a Bayesian updating process that combines prior information about the frequency distribution of resources in the environment with sample information from an encountered resource; such a process leads to decisions that maximize fitness, given the available information. I examine three aspects of empirical work that shed light on the idea that animals can make such decisions in a Bayesian‐like manner. First, many animals are sensitive to variance differences in behavioral options, one metric used to characterize frequency distributions. Second, several species use information about the relative frequency of preferred versus nonpreferred items in different populations to make probabilistic inferences about samples taken from populations in a manner that results in maximizing the likelihood of obtaining a preferred reward. Third, the predictions of Bayesian models often match the behavior of individuals in two main approaches. One approach compares behavior to models that make different assumptions about how individuals estimate the quality of an environmental parameter. The patch exploitation behavior of nine species of birds and mammals has matched the predictions of Bayesian models. The other approach compares the behavior of individuals who learn, through experience, different frequency distributions of resources in their environment. The behavior of three bird species and bumblebees exploiting food patches and fruit flies selecting mates is influenced by their experience learning different frequency distributions of food and mates, respectively, in ways consistent with Bayesian models. These studies lend support to the idea that animals may combine prior and sample information in a Bayesian‐like manner to make decisions under uncertainty, but additional work on a greater diversity of species is required to better understand the generality of this ability.
Wood ducks and hooded mergansers as interspecific brood parasites: An evaluation of parasitic egg survival
Authors: Bakner Dylan L. , Ringelman Kevin M. , Reynolds Larry A. , Kaminski Richard M. , Stephens Scott E. , Davis J. Brian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConspecific and interspecific brood parasitism are alternate reproductive strategies more pervasive in waterfowl than in any other group of birds. While previous research has measured costs incurred by nest hosts incubating parasitized clutches, few studies have focused on the relative success of parasites. Here, we evaluated the success of wood duck (Aix sponsa) and hooded merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) eggs laid parasitically in Louisiana and Mississippi. We monitored nest boxes, assigned eggs in each nest as host or parasitic, and determined the number of eggs that hatched and failed. Across all study areas (1994–1999 and 2020–2023), we monitored 1750 wood duck and 377 hooded merganser nests; ~13% of wood duck and ~24% of hooded merganser nests were interspecifically parasitized. We modeled egg survival of 2925 host and 691 parasitic eggs from 197 successful nests (≥1 hatched egg, regardless of species). Wood duck eggs laid in hooded merganser nests had lower survival [0.293, CI = 95% credible intervals (after, CI) = 0.176, 0.439] than hooded merganser eggs (0.762, CI = 0.704, 0.810) laid in wood duck nests. Clutch size negatively influenced parasitic wood duck egg survival (β = −.24, CI = −0.39, −0.10) but had a slight positive influence on parasitic hooded merganser eggs (β = .08, CI = 0.04, 0.12). Our results revealed that hooded merganser eggs experience higher success when laid parasitically in wood duck nests, whereas wood duck eggs experience lower success when laid parasitically in hooded merganser nests. Our results reveal new complexity in waterfowl interspecific brood parasitism, where the success of parasitic eggs is species‐, host‐, and context‐specific.
Preliminary insights of the genetic diversity and invasion pathways of Cedrela odorata in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
Authors: Albuja‐Quintana Martina , Rivas‐Torres Gonzalo , Rojas López Karla E. , Asadobay Pacarina , Palacios Cuenca Walter , Vinueza Génesis , Torres Maria de Lourdes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCedrela odorata is considered the second most invasive tree species of the Galapagos Islands. Although it is listed in CITES Appendix II and there are population losses in mainland Ecuador, in Galapagos it is paradoxically a species of concern due to its invasive potential. Genetic studies can shed light on the invasion history of introduced species causing effects on unique ecosystems like the Galapagos. We analyzed nine microsatellite markers in C. odorata individuals from Galapagos and mainland Ecuador to describe the genetic diversity and population structure of C. odorata in the Galapagos and to explore the origin and invasion history of this species. The genetic diversity found for C. odorata in Galapagos (He = 0.55) was lower than reported in the mainland (He = 0.81), but higher than other invasive insular plant species, which could indicate multiple introductions. Our results suggest that Ecuador's northern Coastal region is the most likely origin of the Galapagos C. odorata, although further genomic studies, like Whole Genome Sequencing, Rad‐Seq, and/or Whole Genome SNP analyses, are needed to confirm this finding. Moreover, according to our proposed pathway scenarios, C. odorata was first introduced to San Cristobal and/or Santa Cruz from mainland Ecuador. After these initial introductions, C. odorata appears to have arrived to Isabela and Floreana from either San Cristobal or Santa Cruz. Here, we report the first genetic study of C. odorata in the Galapagos and the first attempt to unravel the invasion history of this species. The information obtained in this research could support management and control strategies to lessen the impact that C. odorata has on the islands' local flora and fauna.
Effects of landscape position on perennial biomass and food crop performance in buffer areas
Authors: Black Katie L. , Johnson Gregg A. , Wells Samantha S. , Garcia y Garcia Axel , Jungers Jacob M. , Strock Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to the environmental consequences of annual‐dominated cropping systems, there is an increasing need to identify agronomic strategies that incorporate perennial crops. One strategy for increasing perennial cover is through the targeted use of annually harvested perennial food and bioproduct crops in buffer strips, which has the potential to create new revenue streams for farmers and substantially mitigate agricultural nutrient pollution from conventional cropping systems. As buffers are typically installed on marginal land, it is critical to understand how landscape position influences the success of perennial crops. The objectives of this study were to determine the relatively early influence of landscape position on the productivity of a variety of perennial crops and their subsequent soil nutrients and soil water storing capabilities. In this experiment, nine perennial (alfalfa, alsike clover, indiangrass, switchgrass, big bluestem, prairie cordgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, high‐diversity polyculture, low‐diversity polyculture) and two annual (corn, soybean) crops were planted across two landscape positions (hillslope and deposition). Plant biomass, plant tissue nitrogen, soil moisture, and soil NO3‐N and NH4‐N were measured and compared at two different locations in Minnesota. Overall, the polyculture mixes, and to some extent intermediate wheatgrass, performed the best with respect to biomass production while also providing ecosystem services across most soil by landscape position combinations tested in this study. However, there were some important findings specific to each soil and landscape position combination, mainly oriented toward biomass production. We also observed temporal patterns in soil moisture and depth‐related patterns in soil N reductions. This study presents an opportunity to optimize the use of perennial crops on marginal agricultural lands for improved environmental and economic benefit.
Damage analysis of cement sheath and rock subjected to electrohydraulic shock waves under the perforation completion
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yu Qing , Li Jun , Yang Hongwei , Wu Yongchuan , Chen Yufei , Wang Xinrui , Liu Kerou , Zhou Yuting , Dong Zhuoxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe high‐voltage pulse discharge technology, which is based on the electrohydraulic effect, can generate powerful, controllable, and repetitive electrohydraulic shock waves (EHSWs) in underground confined space, so it has been applied in the petroleum industry to improve the permeable of the reservoir. In this paper, a numerical model based on LS‐DYNA is built to study the damage analysis of the cement sheath and rock subjected to EHSWs during perforation completion. The results show that the stress state of the cement sheath and rock surrounding the perforation hole is determined by the shock pressure from both the perforation hole and the wellbore; the damage of the cement sheath and rock is mainly caused by tensile stress; the damage zone of the cement sheath is mainly distributed on the inner surface and near the perforation hole, while the damage zone of rock is distributed near the perforation hole; after multiple discharges, the damage of cement sheath and rock gradually accumulates, and the damage zone eventually forms a vertical plane along perforation holes. Overall, these results provide guidance for the safe application of the high‐voltage pulse discharge technology in the oil field.
Operationalization of (Trans)gender in Facial Recognition Systems: From Binarism to Intersectionality
Authors: Pennisi Giovanni 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIn a paper published in 2018, Os Keyes investigated how the literature on Automated Gender Recognition systems (AGRs) conceived gender, finding that 94.8% of the papers treated it as binary, 72.4% as immutable and 60.3% as a physiological component. In the author's view, this is indicative of an operationalization of gender, that is, the assumption that the latter is a discrete and objectively applicable parameter. Keyes claims that such a vision is blind to the performative aspects of gender and particularly dangerous for transgender people. Here I will follow on these remarks, providing several examples that show how AGR systems' failures in recognizing the faces of transgender people are capable of both perpetuating and amplifying gender stereotypes and inequalities. Then, I will introduce the notion of intersectionality, which is the idea that humans ‘sit at the crossroads’ of many physical, social, and political factors, whose combination generates dynamics of discrimination or privilege. I will focus on a subfield of intersectional studies, that is, intersectional stereotyping, which explains how we usually make assumptions and judgments about an individual or group of people based on multiple social identities or categories they belong to, such as their race, gender, sexual orientation, class, religion and ability. I will argue that this area of research provides us with a set of knowledge that might help us rethink and redesign the data sets for AGR. Specifically, I will draw on three key notions of intersectional stereotyping—‘perceiver goals’, ‘category accessibility’ and ‘category fit’—and use them to envision new ways of collecting images for assessing gender through facial recognition. Finally, I will explicate why my observations call for an urgent integration between computer science and gender studies.
Separation and purification of antioxidant peptides from Idesia polycarpa Maxim. cake meal and study of conformational relationship between them
Authors: Dou Lei , Zhang Zimu , Yang Wenqing , Chen Yaobing , Luo Kai , Kan Jianquan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, peptides were isolated and purified from Idesia polycarpa Maxim. cake meal for the first time, with the aim of discovering peptides with excellent antioxidant properties. Peptides were isolated and purified from the cake meal using ultrafiltration and dextran gel chromatography. Fractions with significant antioxidant activity were identified by mass spectrometry (MS) and the peptides were screened and characterized using techniques, such as network pharmacology and molecular docking. The results showed that the CIPs‐I‐F2 fractions possessed excellent antioxidant activities, and a total of seven peptides were screened, with the main targets of action including serine/threonine‐protein kinase AKT (AKT1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), among which ISKPTWADF had the highest total binding energy to the target. ISKPTWADF was synthesized in vitro by solid‐phase synthesis and showed a dose‐dependent protective effect against the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced oxidative damage model in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, with its main active site on the tryptophan indole ring at position 52N‐127H.
Clinical manifestations and imaging analysis of hepatitis C complicated with cerebral toxoplasmosis
Authors: Xie Yuanyang , Zhang Fanshi , Luo Zhong , Zhang Jun , Xu Zucai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCerebral toxoplasmosis is a common opportunistic infectious disease in immunocompromised patients that usually involves the central nervous system. The clinical features and neuroimaging findings of cerebral toxoplasmosis are often similar to brain abscess and tuberculoma. We report a case of hepatitis C with cerebral toxoplasmosis, with the aim of enhancing understanding of the imaging manifestations of cerebral toxoplasmosis and thereby improving the differential diagnosis of brain space‐occupying lesions.
Cover Image
Authors: Mrksich Kaitlin , Padilla Marshall S. , Joseph Ryann A. , Han Emily L. , Kim Dongyoon , Palanki Rohan , Xu Junchao , Mitchell Michael J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cover image is based on the Research Article Influence of ionizable lipid tail length on lipid nanoparticle delivery of fcmRNA/fc of varying length by Kaitlin Mrksich et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37705.
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Dissecting the role of cannabinoids in vascular health and disease
Authors: Guo Yanan , Wei Xiaoyun , Pei Junyu , Yang Haibo , Zheng Xi‐Long 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCannabis, often recognized as the most widely used illegal psychoactive substance globally, has seen a shift in its legal status in several countries and regions for both recreational and medicinal uses. This change has brought to light new evidence linking cannabis consumption to various vascular conditions. Specifically, there is an association between cannabis use and atherosclerosis, along with conditions such as arteritis, reversible vasospasm, and incidents of aortic aneurysm or dissection. Recent research has started to reveal the mechanisms connecting cannabinoid compounds to atherosclerosis development. It is well known that the primary biological roles of cannabinoids operate through the activation of cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2. Manipulation of the endocannabinoid system, either genetically or pharmacologically, is emerging as a promising approach to address metabolic dysfunctions related to obesity. Additionally, numerous studies have demonstrated the vasorelaxant properties and potential atheroprotective benefits of cannabinoids. In preclinical trials, cannabidiol is being explored as a treatment option for monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Although existing literature suggests a direct role of cannabinoids in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the correlation between cannabinoids and other vascular diseases was only reported in some case series or observational studies, and its role and precise mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and update previously published studies. This review article aims to summarize the latest clinical and experimental research findings on the relationship between cannabis use and vascular diseases. It also seeks to shed light on the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, offering a comprehensive view of current knowledge in this evolving field of study.
Defining community‐led monitoring and its role in programme‐embedded learning: lessons from the Citizen Science Project in Malawi and South Africa
Authors: Lauer Krista J. , Soboyisi Melikhaya , Kassam Carol Ameera , Mseu Dennis , Oberth Gemma , Baptiste Solange L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionProgramme Science (PS) and community‐led monitoring (CLM) intersect in unexpected and promising ways. This commentary examines a CLM initiative in Malawi and South Africa to highlight the crucial role of CLM in bolstering the PS framework. By leveraging data sources often overlooked by conventional research and evaluation approaches, CLM emerges as a pivotal element in enhancing programme effectiveness. This paper delineates the fundamental principles of CLM, presents programme outcomes derived from CLM methodologies and contextualizes these findings within the broader framework of PS.DiscussionThe Citizen Science Project implements CLM continuously at 33 health facilities: 14 in Malawi (eight in Kasungu District and six in Dedza District), and 19 in South Africa (all in the West Rand District), representing a total catchment area of 989,848 people. Monitoring indicators are developed in an iterative process with community groups. The indicators are unique to each country, but both focus on the uptake of health services (quantitative) and barriers to access (qualitative). Monthly clinic records surveys capture 34 indicators in Malawi and 20 in South Africa and are supplemented by qualitative interviews with care recipients and healthcare workers. Qualitative interviews provide additional granularity and help confirm and explain the more macro trends in service coverage as described in quantitative data. The resulting data analysis reveals key themes that help stakeholders and decision‐makers to solve problems collaboratively. Noteworthy outcomes include a substantial increase in multi‐month dispensing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during COVID‐19 (from 6% to 31%) with a subsequent recovery surpassing of HIV service benchmarks in Malawi post‐pandemic.ConclusionsWhile quantifying direct impact remains challenging due to the project's design, CLM proves to be a robust methodology that generates credible data and produces impactful outcomes. Its potential extends beyond the health sector, empowering community leadership and fostering interventions aligned with community needs. As CLM continues to evolve, its integration into PS promises to improve relevance, quality and impact across diverse disciplines.
Relations between selected elements of climate and an increase in soil moisture deficit in the warm half‐year in East‐Central Europe between 1971 and 2020
Authors: Bartoszek Krzysztof , Matuszko Dorota 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the relationships between soil moisture, cloud cover, solar radiation, air temperature and humidity, and precipitation during the warm half of the year in East‐Central Europe over the years 1971–2020. The temporal and spatial variability of these meteorological elements is presented in association with the occurrence of anticyclonic blocking events over the study area. It demonstrates that changes in soil moisture in East‐Central Europe point to the combined influence of many meteorological factors resulting from the atmospheric circulation, and are an indicator of the comprehensive relationships among those factors. The main factors affecting soil water content are precipitation and evapotranspiration, which in turn depend on air humidity, cloudiness, intensity of solar radiation and air temperature. The increase in the frequency and duration of sequences of days with blocking events in East‐Central Europe has contributed to an increased probability of longer periods with soil moisture negative anomalies.
Insight into low methoxyl pectin enhancing thermal stability and intestinal delivery efficiency of algal oil nanoemulsions
Authors: Chen Yufeng , Gu Jipeng , Sun Yi , Ding Yicheng , Yang Xuan , Lan Siqi , Ding Jiayue , Ding Yuting 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlgae oil has garnered widespread acclaim due as a result of its high purity of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and excellent safety profile. The present study aimed to develop stable nanoemulsions (NEs) systems containing DHA from algae oil through thermal sterilization by combining modified whey protein concentrate (WPC) with low methoxyl pectin (LMP), as well as to investigate the impact of LMP concentration on the thermal stability and the gastrointestinal delivery efficiency of DHA NEs.RESULTSThe addition of LMP enhanced the stability of the emulsion after sterilization, at the same time as improving the protective and sustained release effects of DHA in the gastrointestinal tract. Optimal effect was achieved at a LMP concentration of 1% (10 g kg−1 sample), the stability of the emulsion after centrifugation increased by 17.21 ± 5.65% compared to the group without LMP, and the loss of DHA after sterilization decreased by only 0.92 ± 0.09%. Furthermore, the addition of 1% LMP resulted in a substantial reduction in the release of fatty acids from the NEs after gastrointestinal digestion simulation, achieving the desired sustained‐release effect. However, excessive addition of 2% (20 g kg−1 sample) LMP negatively impacted all aspects of the NEs system, primarily because of the occurrence of depletion effects.CONCLUSIONThe construction of the LMP/WPC‐NEs system is conducive to the protection of DHA in algae oil and its sustained‐release in the gastrointestinal tract. The results of the present study can provide reference guidance for the application of algae oil NEs in the food field. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
More than words: Do personality, emotion, and lifestyle matter on the wine tourism?
Authors: Wang Xi , Han Guang , Wang Yiqi , Zheng Jie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn enhancing marketing strategies for wine tourism destinations, this study explores the influence of emotional factors, personality traits, and lifestyle components on the wine tourism experience. Utilizing natural language processing (NLP), over 8000 wine tourism reviews on TripAdvisor.com were analyzed to discern consumers' implicit emotions and personality types. Through extensive big data analyses, relationships between personality types and eight emotional dimensions, as well as associations with lifestyle factors, were examined. Key findings revealed that lifestyle significantly impacts wine visitors' tourism behavior, with leisure being a primary lifestyle factor, while religion has a lesser effect on wine tourism. Additionally, the emotion of joy and the personality of openness emerge as determinants significantly affecting wine tourism decisions. This understanding of the interplay between emotional experiences, personality traits, lifestyle, and wine tourism behaviors enriches theoretical frameworks and offers insights for refining marketing strategies, thereby fostering the growth of wine tourism.