bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the mental сondition of Ukrainians and ways to optimize it during the Ukrainian-Russian war
Authors: Kiro Liudmyla , Klymenko Mykola , Zak Maksym , Ziuzin Viktor , Chernyshov Oleh , Bieliaieva Nadiia , Zhukova Iuliia , Ovechko Anna , Saveliev Andrii 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background According to the World Health Organization (WHO), due to the war, a quarter of Ukrainians are at risk of mental disorders. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of war events on the mental state of Ukrainians during 2021–2023 and ways to optimize it. Analysis of the state of mental health of Ukrainians will contribute not only to the reduction of the general level of stress-associated somatic pathology of internal organs, but also help to develop optimal ways for its correction and save budget costs for the treatment of this category of patients. Methods The study is a model of an open prospective cohort study, in which 513 people from the Mykolaiv region participated. According to the existing mental disorder, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1st group (n = 171) patients with depression, 2nd group (n = 171) patients with anxiety disorders; 3rd group (n = 171) patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Results In 2021, the diagnosis of a major depressive episode without psychotic symptoms was established 1.5 times (χ2 = 0.96, p = 0.003) and 2.3 times less often (χ2 = 2.06, p = 0.013) than in 2022 and 2023; severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms in 2023 and 2022 was registered 2.3 times (χ2 = 3.06, p = 0.011) and 1.9 times more (χ2 = 1.04, p = 0.012) than in 2021. Recurrent depressive disorder was registered 1.8 times more often (χ2 = 1.86, p = 0.01) in 2023 and 1.5 times (χ2 = 2.24, p = 0.04) more in 2022 than in 2021. The number of patients with persistent [affective] mood disorders/dysthymia increased in 3.0 times (χ2 = 1.30, p = 0.04) in 2023 and in 2.4 times (χ2 = 3.06, p = 0.03) compared to 2021. Conclusions The results of the study showed that during the war in Ukraine, the prevalence of mental disorders doubled. This research emphasized that the acceleration of the optimization of the metal state of Ukrainians, which is caused by the destructive impact of the war, is possible only with cooperative cooperation not only at the level of the individual, Ukrainian government, but also with the active support of the international community.
Iteratively refined ChatGPT outperforms clinical mentors in generating high-quality interprofessional education clinical scenarios: a comparative study
Authors: Tian Qingquan , Ren Feng , Zou Bin , Zhou Jingyu , Liu Ganglei , Zheng Yanwen , Zhang Zequn , Wang Shalong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background Interprofessional education (IPE) is crucial for fostering teamwork among healthcare professionals. However, its implementation is hampered by the scarcity of multidisciplinary faculty and scheduling conflicts. In response to these issues, existing AI tools such as ChatGPT have struggled to generate high-quality clinical scenarios independently. This study investigates the efficacy of ChatGPT-4o, an advanced version of the artificial intelligence model ChatGPT, enhanced by novel methodological innovations, to overcome these barriers.Methods This comparative study assessed clinical scenarios generated by ChatGPT using two different strategies—Standard Prompt and Iterative Refinement—against those crafted by clinical mentors. The Iterative Refinement method, inspired by the clinical scenario generation process itself, involves a cyclic process of evaluation and feedback, closely mimicking clinical case discussions among professionals. Scenarios were evaluated for time efficiency and quality, measured through the Interprofessional Quality Score (IQS). Assessments were blinded and involved multidisciplinary experts and students, with statistical analysis performed using independent samples t-tests and χ² tests.Results Scenarios developed using the Iterative Refinement strategy were completed significantly faster than those by clinical mentors and achieved higher or equivalent IQS. Notably, these scenarios matched or surpassed the quality of those created by humans, particularly in areas such as appropriate challenge and student engagement. Conversely, scenarios generated via the Standard Prompt method exhibited lower accuracy and various other deficiencies. Blinded attribution assessments by students further demonstrated that scenarios developed through Iterative Refinement were often indistinguishable from those created by human mentors.Conclusions Employing ChatGPT with iterative refinement and role-playing strategies produces clinical scenarios that, in some areas, surpass those developed by clinical mentors. This approach reduces the need for extensive faculty involvement, highlighting AI's potential to closely align with educational standards and significantly improve IPE, especially in resource-limited settings.
Evaluation of PRDM10 Gene Rearrangement by Immunohistochemical and Molecular Cytogenetic Methods in Pleomorphic Soft Tissue Tumors
Authors: Aksin Merve , Erdogan Kivilcim Eren , Mirioglu Akif , Toyran Tugba , Gonlusen Gulfiliz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas are aggressive soft tissue tumors that do not exhibit any identifiable histological differentiation. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) occupies a significant place among soft tissue tumors, although less commonly seen benign mimickers like low-grade myxofibrosarcomas (low-grade MFS), superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumors (SC34FT), myofibroblastic sarcomas, myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcomas (MIFS) and pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumors (PHAT) should not be forgotten in the differential diagnosis. In recent years, PRDM10 fusion transcript has been detected in soft tissue tumors with pleomorphic morphology. In our study, we aimed to detect PRDM10 gene rearrangement in soft tissue tumors with pleomorphic morphology using immunohistochemical and molecular cytogenetic methods and to evaluate them with clinicopathological findings. Pleomorphic soft tissue tumors with low mitotic and necrotic scores; which originally diagnosed as UPS, MFS, myofibroblastic sarcoma, and PHAT (totally 33 tumors), were selected. In our study, five tumors showed immunohistochemical positivity with PRDM10; two tumors showed both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining while three showed only cytoplasmic staining and four tumors had break-apart signals with FISH. We found that two tumors initially diagnosed as low-grade UPS which showed break-apart signals in FISH, may actually be SC34FT considering the clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular cytogenetic findings. The lack of PRDM10 staining in one of these two tumors suggests a low sensitivity of the PRDM10 immunomarker. In conclusion, soft tissue tumors that has PRDM10 gene rearrangement, superficial location, low mitotic activity, no necrosis and CD34 positivity exhibit distinct clinical and prognostic features, suggesting potential overlap with the tumor spectrum of SC34FT.
Experimental study on the performance of solar drying system by using V-corrugated Plate Absorber in the city of Baghdad/Iraq
Authors: Hasan Husam Abdulrasool , Togun Hussein , Abed Azher. M. , Mohammed Hayder I. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The use of a V-corrugated plate absorber in a sun drying system (SDS) under the weather in Baghdad is the subject of this study's original investigation. Analysis of the effects of this novel design is the main goal of the research. To investigate temperature fluctuations inside the drying chamber, experimental tests were run. Initial temperatures for the V-shaped and flat plate designs were 47 °C and 43 °C, respectively, at 8:00 am. At 1:00 pm, when the sun's beams are vertically aligned and the solar radiation reaching the glass collector is at its highest, both arrangements experience temperature peaks. The sun's rays' shifting angles caused temperature drops after this peak, which reached minimums of 47 °C and 41 °C for the V-shaped and flat collector configurations, respectively. It's interesting to note that, compared to the flat plate design, the V-corrugated plate absorber continuously maintained higher temperatures throughout the day. Notably, the absorber showed improvements of 11.6 %, 19.2 %, and 14.6 % at the appropriate times. The study also emphasised the enhanced heat transfer efficiency of the V-shaped absorber, which was attributable to its capacity to withstand greater temperature differences between the input and output. Surprisingly, the V-shaped absorber outperformed efficiency values at 8:00 am and 5:00 pm by 73 % and 82 %, respectively, and reached a maximum thermal efficiency of 71% at 1:00 pm. The investigation focused on a significant 29 % performance differential between the two systems at 1:00 pm, when heat extraction is at its best. This finding highlights the effectiveness of the V-corrugated plate absorber in increasing energy efficiency. The study's findings emphasise the creativity and practicality of V-corrugated plate absorbers in enhancing the efficacy of sun drying systems, particularly in adverse weather situations.
Pre-diagnosis and pre-treatment loss to follow-up and associated factors among presumptive tuberculosis patients in Uganda
Authors: Nuwematsiko Rebecca , Kiwanuka Noah , Wafula Solomon T. , Nakafeero Mary , Nakanjako Lydia , Luzze Henry , Turyahabwe Stavia , Sekandi Juliet N. , Atuyambe Lynn , Buregyeya Esther 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Loss to follow-up (LTFU) of presumptive tuberculosis (TB) patients before completing diagnosis (pre-diagnosis LTFU) and before initiating treatment for those diagnosed (pre-treatment LTFU) is a challenge in the realization of the End TB Strategy. We assessed the proportion of pre-diagnosis and pre-treatment LTFU and associated factors among presumptive and diagnosed TB patients in the selected health facilities.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study involving a review of routinely collected data from presumptive, laboratory and TB treatment registers from January 2019 to December 2022. The study was conducted in three general hospitals and one lower-level health center IV in Central Uganda. We defined pre-diagnosis LTFU as failure to complete TB diagnosis within 30 days of being presumed and pre-treatment LTFU as failure to initiate TB treatment within 14 days from being diagnosed. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of factors associated with pre-diagnosis and pre-treatment LTFU.
Results
Of the 13,064 presumptive TB patients, 39.9% were aged 25 to 44 years, and 57.1% were females. Almost a third, 28.3% (3,699/13.064) experienced pre-diagnosis LTFU and 13.7% (163/1187) did not initiate treatment. Pre-diagnosis LTFU was more likely to occur among patients aged 0–14 years (adj PR 1.1, 95% CI: 1.06,1.24), females (adj.PR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12) and those with no record of place of residence (adj. PR = 2.7, 95% CI: 2.54, 2.93). In addition, patients with no record of phone contact were more likely to be LTFU, (adj. PR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.17). Pre-treatment LTFU was also more likely among patients with no record of place of residence (adj PR 7.1, 95% CI: 5.13,9.85) and those with no record of phone contact (adj PR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.63,2.86). Patients presumed from the HIV clinics were 40% less likely to experience pre-treatment LTFU compared to those in the outpatient departments (adj PR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.41,0.88).
Conclusion
High proportions of pre-diagnosis and pre-treatment LTFU were observed in this study. This calls for urgent interventions at these time points in the TB care cascade to be able to realise the End TB Strategy.
Boosting with copula-based components
Authors: Brant Simon Boge , Haff Ingrid Hobæk 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The authors propose new additive models for binary outcomes, where the com-ponents are copula-based regression models (Noh et al., 2013), and designed suchthat the model may capture potentially complex interaction effects. The modelsdo not require discretisation of continuous covariates, and are therefore suit-able for problems with many such covariates. A fitting algorithm, and efficientprocedures for model selection and evaluation of the components are described.Software is provided in the R-package copulaboost. Simulations and illustrationson data sets indicate that the method’s predictive performance is either betterthan or comparable to the other methods.
A Non-Linear Association of Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Liang Guoliang , Zhang Wenhao , Gu Xinxin , Zhang Qiong , Liu Ankang , Qing Xinran , Ma Jiangwei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Although a few studies have examined the correlation between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and mortality, no study has explored these associations in hypertensive populations. This study aims to investigate the relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in adults with hypertension.
Methods
Hypertensive participants aged ≥ 18 years old from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018 with blood lipid testing data and complete follow-up data until December 31, 2019 were enrolled in analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were conducted for the calculation of hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve was performed to visually represent the relationship between LDL-C and mortality. Survival analysis of Kaplan-Meier and stratification analysis were also carried out.
Results
We finally analyzed a cohort of 9,635 participants (49.6% male, mean age of 59.4 years). Following a median of 98 months of follow-up, there were 2,283(23.7%) instances of all-cause fatalities, with 758(7.9%) cases attributed to cardiovascular disease. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed lower levels of LDL-C groups had a higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality; the LDL-C group's lowest level (< 2.198 mmol/L) still showed a 19.6% increased risk of all-cause mortality (p = 0.0068) in the model that has been completely adjusted. Both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality showed a non-linear association with LDL-C concentration in restricted cubic spline regression analysis.
Conclusions
In individuals with hypertension, LDL-C was linked to cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, and we further demonstrated that this relationship was non-linear.
Sand budget failure underlies coastal erosion on the west coast of South Africa
Authors: Woodborne Stephan , Evans Mary , Murray Jennifer , Adam Elhadi , Miller Duncan , Myburgh Albert , Davey Stephen , Cawthra Halyey , Xulu Sifiso 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Current trends in coastal erosion combined with projected climate change impacts place half of the global sandy beaches at risk of extinction. Approximately 190 million people are likely to experience coastal environmental risks by 2100, and mitigation of the risk related to coastal erosion requires insight into the underlying causes. Here we use a multi-proxy approach to determine the cause of coastal erosion on the west coast of South Africa. Erosion trends were determined using satellite analysis for a storm event in June 2017, and foredune morphology changes were measured using unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry following a storm in September 2023. Significant erosion was driven by intense wave energy over multiple spring tide cycles, resulting in northward sand movement. Climate change is rejected as a cause of the erosion based on optically stimulated luminescence dates that show some of the eroded sediments to be approximately 8 900 years old. Instead, the cause is thought to be the interruption of long-term sand supply. Long-term sand dynamics are seldom considered in coastal erosion vulnerability assessments, and sediment age may be a novel factor in understanding this dynamic.
BET inhibition revealed varying MYC addiction mechanisms independent of gene alterations in aggressive B-cell lymphomas.
Authors: Delrieu Loris , Hamaidia Sieme , Montaut Emilie , Garcia-Sandoval Andrea , Teste Camille , Betton-Fraisse Patricia , Bonnefoix Thierry , Carras Sylvain , Gressin Rémy , Lefebvre Christine , Govin Jérôme , Emadali Anouk 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background. MYC-driven lymphomas are a subset of B-cell lymphomas characterized by genetic alterations that dysregulate the expression of the MYC oncogene. When overexpressed, typically through chromosomal translocations, amplifications, or other mechanisms, MYC can drive uncontrolled cell growth and contribute to cancer development. MYC-driven lymphomas are described as aggressive entities which require intensive treatment approaches and can be associated with poor prognosis. In the absence of direct MYC-targeting therapy, epigenetic drugs called BET inhibitors (BETi), were shown to reduce MYC levels by disrupting BRD4-dependent transcription associated with the expression of MYC, as well as other oncogenes. Here, we used BETi as molecular tools to better understand oncogenic dependencies in a panel of cell line models of MYC-driven B-cell lymphoma selected to represent their genetic heterogeneity.
Results. We first showed that, in these models, MYC expression level does not strictly correlate to the presence of gene alterations. Our data also demonstrated that BETi induces similar growth arrest in all lymphoma cell lines independently of MYC mutational status or expression level. In contrast, BETi-induced cell death was only observed in two cell lines presenting the highest level of MYC protein. This suggest that some MYC-driven lymphoma could present a stronger dependency on MYC for their survival which cannot be predicted on the sole basis on their genetics. This hypothesis was confirmed by gene invalidation experiments, which showed that MYC loss recapitulates the effect on BETi treatment on both cell proliferation and survival, confirming MYC oncogene addiction in these specific models. In contrast, the growth arrest observed in cell lines resistant to BETi-induced apoptosis is not mediated through MYC, but rather through alternative pro-proliferative or oncogenic pathways. Gene expression profiling revealed the basal activation of a specific non-canonical Wnt/Hippo pathway in cell death-resistant cell lines that could be targeted in combination therapy to restore BETi cytotoxicity.
Conclusion. This work brings new insights into the complexity of MYC dependencies and unravels a novel targetable oncogenic pathway in aggressive B-cell lymphomas.
A systematic review of poecilid fish invasions in Africa
Authors: Cairns Joshua Pritchard , de Bragança Pedro Henrique Negreiros , South Josie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background.
This review compiles and synthesises the existing information concerning non-native poecillid introductions to Africa. The recent upsurge in research on invasive poeciliids has revealed their widespread occurrence in Africa.
Results.
Within the 87 relevant articles, 74% reported on the presence Gambusia spp., 33% on P. reticulata, 19% on X. hellerii, 11% on X. maculatus, and 5% on other ornamental poeciliids. Overall, poeciliids have been introduced to 25 different countries in Africa, with Gambusia spp. being introduced to 16 countries and P. reticulata to 19 countries. Our results are representative of the current state of research on invasive poecilids in Africa. In particular there was a concentration of studies in South Africa, with limited research elsewhere. Current distribution data is relatively patchy, although widespread surveys of multiple river systems in Morocco and South Africa, confirmed widespread and abundant established poeciliid populations. The ecological impacts of invasive poeciliids in Africa remain understudied but evidence indicates deleterious effects on native fish, invertebrates, and amphibians, many of which are critically endangered or endemic species.
Conclusion.
An increased effort to monitor species composition in vulnerable waterbodies, especially in the many African countries where invasive poeciliids are reported should be completed and to reveal further established populations. Future research should prioritise quantifying the ecological impacts of invasive poeciliids in the field and identifying both vulnerable and resistant native ecosystems to guide future management decisions.
Comprehensive untargeted serum metabolomics identifies biomarkers and metabolic pathways in breast cancer
Authors: Zou Ying , Song Dili , Cai Yongguang , Liang Kun , Fu Jiujiu , Zhang Haibo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The surge in breast cancer incidence worldwide highlights the urgency of improving diagnostic methods to accurately assess disease progression. This study aimed to elucidate the metabolic characteristics of breast cancer serum and identify differential metabolites for diagnosing breast cancer and assessing its severity, thereby providing a reference for clinical practice.
Methods
Serum samples from patients with benign and malignant breast lesions and healthy subjects were analyzed using GC-MS. OPLS-DA identified key metabolites distinguishing breast cancer from benign lesions and advanced from early-stage cancer. Spearman's ρ revealed correlations between metabolite levels and disease stages, while the AUC demonstrated the discriminatory capability of key metabolites.
Results
Amino acid metabolism was significantly altered in breast cancer patients, particularly in alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Glutamic acid and lactic acid levels were significantly elevated in breast cancer patients compared to those with benign masses, while fructose levels were markedly reduced. The AUCs for distinguishing benign lesions from breast cancer using glutamic acid, lactic acid, and fructose were 0.9771, 0.9608, and 1.000, respectively. Comparative metabolomic analysis revealed significant differences between early-stage and late-stage malignant breast lesions. Glutamic acid levels increased progressively from healthy individuals to those with benign tumors, early-stage breast cancer, and advanced cancer, showing a strong positive correlation (ρ = 0.937, P < 0.001) with breast cancer progression, and an AUC of 0.9571 for distinguishing late-stage from early-stage breast cancer.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate the relationship between serum metabolite levels and breast cancer occurrence and progression. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the precise roles of these metabolites.