bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pioneering Metal‐Free Late‐Stage C−H Functionalization Using Acridinium Salt Photocatalysis
Authors: Kanti Bera Shyamal , Porcheddu Andrea 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUsing organic dyes as photocatalysts is an innovative approach to photocatalytic organic transformations. These dyes offer advantages such as widespread availability, adaptable absorption properties, and diverse chemical structures. Recent progress has led to the development of organic photocatalysts that can utilize visible light to modify chemically inert C−H bonds. These catalysts are sustainable, selective, and versatile, enabling mild reactions, late‐stage functionalization, and various transformations in line with green chemistry principles. As catalysts in photoredox chemistry, they contribute to the development of efficient and environmentally friendly synthetic pathways. Acridinium‐based organic photocatalysts have proved valuable in late‐stage C−H functionalization, enabling transformative reactions under mild conditions. This review emphasizes their innovative features, such as organic frameworks, efficient light absorption properties, and their applications in modifying complex molecules. It provides an overview of recent advancements in the use of acridinium‐based organic photocatalysts for late‐stage C−H bond functionalization without the need for transition metals, showcasing their potential to expedite the development of new molecules and igniting excitement about the prospects of this research in the field.
Conjugating Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin to GTP by Formaldehyde to Overcome Drug Resistance
Authors: Su Linjia , Rezaei Sepideh , Mejia German , Pandey Popular , Dit Fouque Kevin Jeanne , Fernandez‐Lima Francisco , McGoron Anthony , He Jin , Leng Fenfei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDaunorubicin and doxorubicin are among the most potent anti‐cancer drugs and bind to DNA through intercalation. In this paper, we demonstrate that formaldehyde can efficiently and specifically conjugate daunorubicin and doxorubicin to GTP, resulting in the formation of daunorubicin‐GTP‐1 and doxorubicin‐GTP‐1 conjugates. The linkage occurs between the 2‐NH2 of guanine and the 3’‐NH2 of daunosamine. We characterized these daunorubicin/doxorubicin‐GTP conjugates using various methods, including UV‐Vis, fluorescence, CD, FT‐IR, and mass spectrometry. Our results also indicate that these daunorubicin/doxorubicin‐GTP conjugates bind to DNA via intercalation. Furthermore, we observed rapid accumulation of these conjugates in human cancer cells and observed cytotoxic effects in both doxorubicin‐sensitive SK‐OV‐3 and doxorubicin‐resistant NCI/ADR‐RES cells, suggesting that these daunorubicin and doxorubicin derivatives can overcome doxorubicin resistance.
Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) in Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jin Yerim , Lee Yeongju 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) accounts for 30 % of cancer cases among women cancer patients globally, indicating the urgent need for the development of selective therapies targeting BCs. Recently, proteolysis‐targeting chimera (PROTAC) has emerged as a promising strategy to target breast cancer. PROTAC is a chimeric molecule consisting of a target protein ligand, an E3 ligase ligand, and conjugating linkers, enabling it to facilitate the degradation of desired target proteins by recruiting E3 ligase in close proximity. Due to the catalytic behavior and direct degradation of BC‐causing proteins, PROTAC could achieve high drug efficacy with low doses, drawing great attention for its potential as therapeutics. This review provides cases of the currently developed PROTACs targeting BCs depending on the type of BCs, limitations, and future perspectives of PROTAC in targeting BCs.
In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Evaluation of Novel 1,4‐Naphthoquinone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Ravichandiran Palanisamy , Martyna Aleksandra , Kochanowicz Elżbieta , Maroli Nikhil , Kubiński Konrad , Masłyk Maciej , Boguszewska‐Czubara Anna , Ramesh Thiyagarajan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA novel library of naphthoquinone derivatives (3–5 aa) was synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer properties. Specifically, compounds 5 i, 5 l, 5 o, 5 q, 5 r, 5 s, 5 t, and 5 v demonstrated superior cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines that were studied. All the studied compounds exhibited a higher selectivity index (SI) and a favourable safety profile than the standard drug doxorubicin. Notably, compound 5 v displayed a greater cytotoxic effect on MCF‐7 cells (IC50=1.2 μM, and 0.9 μM at 24 h and 48 h, respectively) compared to the standard drug doxorubicin (IC50=2.4 μM, and 2.1 μM at 24 h and 48 h, respectively). To further investigate the mechanism of cytotoxic effect, additional anticancer studies were conducted with 5 v in MCF‐7 cells. The studies are including morphological changes, AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) double staining, apoptosis analysis, cell colony assay, SDS‐PAGE and Western blotting, cell cycle analysis, and detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. The findings showed that 5 v triggered cytotoxic effects in MCF‐7 cells through the initiation of cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase and necrosis. In vivo ecotoxicity studies indicated that 5 v had lower toxicity towards zebrafish larvae (LC50=50.15 μM) and had an insignificant impact on cardiac functions. In vivo xenotransplantation of MCF‐7 cells in zebrafish larvae demonstrated a significant reduction in tumour volume in the xenograft. Approximately 95 % of the zebrafish larvae with 5 v xenografts survived after 10 days of the treatment. Finally, a computational modelling study was conducted on four protein receptors, namely ER, EFGR, BRCA1, and VEFGR2. The findings highlight the importance of the aminonaphthoquinone moiety, amide linkage, and propyl thio moiety in enhancing the anticancer properties. 5 v exhibited superior drug‐likeness features and docking scores (−9.1, −7.1, −8.9, and −10.9 kcal/mol) compared to doxorubicin (−7.2, −6.1, −6.9, and −7.3 kcal/mol) against ER, EFGR, BRCA1, and VEGFR2 receptors, respectively. Therefore, the notable antitumor effects of naphthoquinone derivatives (3–5 aa) suggest that these molecular frameworks may play a role in the development of promising anticancer agents for cancer treatment.
High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Graphene: An Overview of Recent Developments and Design
Authors: Kumar Sachin Sharma Ashok , Nujud Badawi M. , Liew J. , Prasankumar Thibeorchews , Ramesh K. , Ramesh S. , Ramesh S. , Tiong S. K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to their low production cost, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered attractive alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for next generation sustainable and large‐scale energy storage systems. However, during the charge/discharge cycle, a large volume strain is resulted due to the presence of a large radius of sodium ions and high molar compared to lithium ions, which further leads to poor cyclic stability and lower reversible capacity. In the past, researchers have devoted significant efforts to explore various anode materials to achieve SIBs with high energy density. Hence, as a promising anode material for SIBs, the two‐dimensional (2D) materials including graphene and its derivatives and metal oxides have attracted remarkable attention due to their layered structure and superior physical and chemical properties. The inclusion of graphene and metal oxides with other nanomaterials in electrodes have led to the significant enhancements in electrical conductivity, reaction kinetics, capacity, rate performance and accommodating the large volume change respectively. Moreover, these 2D materials facilitated large surface areas and shorter paths for sodium ion adsorption and transportation respectively. In this review article, the fabrication techniques, structural configuration, sodium ion storage mechanism and its electrochemical performances will be introduced. Subsequently, an insight into the recent advancements in SIBs associated with 2D anode materials (graphene, graphene oxide (GO), transition metal oxides etc.) and other graphene‐like elementary analogues (germanene, stanine etc.) as anode materials respectively will be discussed. Finally, the key challenges and future perspectives of SIBs towards enhancing the sodium storage performance of graphene‐based electrode materials are discussed. In summary, we believe that this review will shed light on the path towards achieving long‐cycling life, low operation cost and safe SIBs with high energy density using 2D anode materials and to be suitably commercialized for large‐scale energy storage applications in the future.
A multi‐tap‐receiver based wireless power transfer system with multiple independent outputs and reduced wire length
Authors: Wu Ruiqiong , Zhang Haiming , Hou Jun , Luo Xiangsheng , Wang Feng , Li Xueqin , Han Zeli 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMultiple independent outputs are highly desirable to power the different ports in some power distribution wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. This paper develops a WPT system with one transmitter coil and one multi‐tap‐receiver coil to generate multiple independent output voltages. The systems with dual‐tap‐receiver, three‐tap‐receiver, and multiple‐tap‐receiver are analyzed in theory. Because the sub‐windings of the multi‐tap‐receiver can be reused in positive series, the wire length of the receiver (WLR) is reduced compared to the system with multi‐independent receivers. For instance, a multiple outputs system needs N voltage levels (v1, v2, …, vN) while the receiver has N sub‐windings (LS1, LS2, …, LSN), then the voltage level vi (1 ≤ i ≤ N) is powered by sub‐windings LS1, LS2, …, LSi. Hence, the highest voltage level is fed with the entire charge included in the whole receiver, and a part of the sub‐windings supplies low‐voltage levels. The proposed system reduces WLR by more than 32.77% while v2/v1 is 2:1, and under the condition that v3/v2/v1 is 3:2:1, the saved WLR is higher than 75.73%. Besides, an 880‐W prototype with a dual‐tap receiver is built. The experimental results verify that the dual output voltages are load‐independent and non‐interfering. The efficiency is higher than 93.259%.
Therapeutic effects of tilorone on mammary carcinogenesis through downregulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress
Authors: Chhipa Abu Sufiyan , Sharma Ayush , Verma Srashti , Patel Snehal S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTilorone dihydrochloride (tilorone) is an orally active interferon inducer with anticancer effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effects of tilorone in breast cancer. MTT assay was done to measure the proliferation of MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells after treatment with tilorone. Mammary carcinogenesis was induced by subcutaneous injection (35 mg/kg, 0.5 mL) of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in mammary pads of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Tumors were allowed to grow for 16 weeks till their sizes reached to 550–700 mm3, and then treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg of tilorone and standard drug doxorubicin (4 mg/kg) twice a week for 3 weeks. Normal and disease‐control animals received normal saline. Tumor volumes and body weights were measured. Tumors were isolated to measure the levels of interferon‐β (IFN‐β), vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A), P53 and inflammatory markers by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum biochemistry, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes were measured by standard methods. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of P53 was done in tumor sections. Tilorone reduced the proliferation of MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells with IC50 concentrations at 34.08 µM and 14.27 µM, respectively. Tilorone treatment showed reduced tumor volume, and increased survival with no significant changes in the body weights. Tilorone treatment also decreased levels of inflammatory markers and VEGF‐A and increased IFN‐β and P53 levels. Further, treatment with tilorone also decreased LPO and increased antioxidants levels. Histopathology of tumor sections showed normalizing morphology of treated animals. IHC of tumor sections showed increased levels of P53. In conclusion, tilorone has potential anticancer effects against breast cancer.
Emerging Technologies in Hair and Nail Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Banerjee Piyali , Das Kinnor , Goldust Mohamad , Wambier Carlos Gustavo 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEmerging technologies are revolutionizing dermatology, especially for diagnosing and treating hair and nail disorders. Latest advancements in technology enhance the ability to visualize cutaneous structures, enabling early and precise detection of dermatological pathologies. This review aims to highlight these novel technological advancements and their therapeutic implications.ObjectiveThe objective of this review is to discuss the emerging and latest diagnostic and therapeutic technologies in the field of hair and nail disorders, highlighting their potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, treatment outcomes, and overall patient care.MethodsA comprehensive review of existing literature was conducted on emerging diagnostic techniques, including dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, multispectral imaging, and trichogram. Therapeutic advancements such as low‐level laser therapy, platelet‐rich plasma therapy, photo dynamic therapy, gene therapy, nanoemulsion topical treatments, biomimetic peptides, stem cell therapy, transdermal drug delivery systems, liposomal delivery systems, and drug tattooing were analyzed. The role of the latest technology in the form of artificial was also explored.ResultsWe found that these emerging technologies significantly enhance the visualization of hair and nail structures, allowing for enhanced diagnoses and targeted management. These techniques improve early detection of disorders, while emerging therapies are showing promising results in treating hair and nail and related pathologies. AI‐driven technologies further personalize patient care by providing data‐driven insights.ConclusionThe integration of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic technologies in clinical practice is transforming the arena of dermatology, particularly in hair and nail care. These novel technologies provide improved diagnostic precision, effective management options, and tailored patient care, paving the way for a technologically driven, precision‐based approach in dermatology.
Looking Beyond PRP, Exosomes, and Stem Cells
Authors: Yousefian Faraz , Cortes Marianne , Yadlapati Sujitha , Gold Michael 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe history of stem cells in dermatology is marked by significant discoveries and advancements. Stem cells, which possess the ability to differentiate into various cell types and self‐renew, have played crucial roles in maintaining tissue integrity and facilitating wound healing. PRP has additionally emerged as a potent therapeutic agent with widespread applications due to its regenerative properties driven by platelets, and various growth factors. The newest addition to the regenerative medicine toolbox has been exosomes and extracellular vesicles containing biomolecules, offering a minimally invasive approach through non‐cell therapy. These vesicles impact crucial cellular functions such as proliferation, migration, and apoptosis.AimWe aim to provide a comprehensive review on the history and future implications of stem cells, PRP, and exosomes in the fields of regenerative medicine and dermatology. This paper highlights the importance of ongoing research and development in optimizing these therapies for clinical applications, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.MethodsA literature search was conducted on PubMed reviewing stem cells, PRP, MeSH, and exosomes and their application in the field of dermatology.ResultsThe use of stem cells, PRP, and exosomes suggests the great advancements that we have made in regenerative medicine. The tight regulation of stem cells and their byproducts has halted further application of these novel modalities and suggested a need for further research and studies. Although this has slowed down the process of using these powerful tools, we are still continuing to understand the functions and implications of stem cells and their byproducts. With a new emphasis on non‐cell therapy through exosomes and PRP, we are still able to apply these methods to ameliorate chronic dermatological diseases such as chronic wounds, scarring, androgenetic alopecia (ANA), and aesthetics.ConclusionsAlthough the field of regenerative medicine is looking promising with its various novel additions, there is still work that needs to be done such as regulatory hurdles, safety concerns, and the need for standardization of isolation, storage, dosage, and application.
Furano‐ and Thieno‐Fused Carbazole‐Containing Azaborines and Their π‐Extension: Synthesis, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Yamamoto Koji , Yamamoto Koji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA series of carbazole‐containing azaborines, furano‐fused 1–2F and 1–3F and thieno‐fused 1–2T and 1–3T, were efficiently synthesized from a common carbazole boronic acid ester in two steps. The structural effects of the fused ring moieties and the patterns of the ring fusion were clarified. According to X‐ray crystal structure analysis, the furano‐ and thieno‐fused carbazole azaborines had planar structures and generally formed 1D columns. UV–vis analysis revealed that their absorption properties were significantly affected by the fused ring moieties. In contrast, the fluorescence properties were affected by the ring fusion patterns. π‐Extended derivatives of 1–2T and 1–3T, benzothieno‐fused 1–2BT and 1–3BT and phenyl‐substituted 1–2T‐Ph2 and 1–3T‐Ph2 were synthesized, and the effects of π‐extension on physical properties were also investigated. All the π‐extended compounds showed red‐shifts in absorption and fluorescence spectra compared with the pristine 1–2T and 1–3T. The color of solid‐state emission of the synthesized azaborines was tuned from purple to green without electron‐rich or ‐deficient substituents. The structural effects on the electronic structures were also discussed based on theoretical calculations.
Synthesis of Boron–Imidazole Complexes and Studies on their Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Miura Youhei , Mohri Kohsuke , Funayama Daisuke , Yoshioka Naoki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOrganoboron complexes represented by BODIPY are one of the candidates for fluorescent skeletons exhibiting good fluorescence properties in the solution. However, because most BODIPY have high planar skeletons and small Stokes shifts, their fluorescence is quenched in the solid state. Therefore, numerous approaches were challenged to prepare the solid state fluorescent BODIPYs. On the other hand, an alternative approach to developing solid state fluorophores involves imidazole‐boron complexes. Herein, imidazole‐based boron complexes featuring the imidazo[1,2‐c][1,3,2]diazaborole skeleton were synthesized. This skeleton comprised two fused five‐membered rings and could introduce substituent at the 2‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 6‐positions. The boron complexes with aryl groups at the 3,5,6‐positions exhibited fluorescence in both the solution and solid states. These compounds exhibited Stokes shifts exceeding 120 nm, effectively suppressing self‐absorption. DFT calculations suggested that the large Stokes shift could be attributed to the planarization of π‐conjugation upon excitation. In the solid state, the complexes displayed mechanofluorochromism, with the altered fluorescence color being recovered upon annealing at 150 °C. Compounds with two or three methoxy groups underwent a phase transition to a glass state, resulting in long‐wavelength fluorescence. Furthermore, they demonstrated mechanochromism, thermochromism, and thermofluorochromism in the solid state, indicating their potential as scaffolds for multifunctional fluorophores.
Investigating the structure of disordered eating symptoms in adult men: A network analysis
Authors: Eschrich R. Leopold , Halbeisen Georg , Steins‐Loeber Sabine , Timmesfeld Nina , Paslakis Georgios 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) increasingly emerge as a health risk in men, but there is concern that men's symptoms go unnoticed due to stereotypical perceptions and gender‐related differences in symptom presentation. Novel assessments focused particularly on attitudes and behaviours towards increasing muscle size and definition. Using network analysis, this study aimed to corroborate and extend previous findings on disordered eating presentation in men by examining the role of muscularity concerns among an extended range of disordered eating symptoms.MethodN = 294 adult men (18 years or older) completed muscularity‐related and disordered eating assessments, among which we included assessments for orthorexic eating and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder for the first time. We selected symptoms empirically, estimated a regularised network, identified symptom communities, evaluated network loadings and bridge centrality estimates, and compared network structures between different groups of participants.ResultsWe identified five symptom communities related to muscularity‐related concerns, features of core ED psychopathology, and selective eating. Symptoms regarding ruminating about healthy eating, guilt for unhealthy eating, weight overvaluation, concerns about muscularity, and selective eating emerged as highly central.DiscussionThe results largely corroborate previous observations but suggest that muscle‐building behaviours are part of a broader cluster of male body shaping and rule‐based dieting behaviours.
Dissolved Barium Causes Toxicity to Groundwater Cyclopoida
Authors: Adams Merrin S. , McKnight Kitty S. , Spadaro David M. , Binet Monique T. , Hose Grant C. , Fenton Stephen , Simpson Stuart L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Barium (Ba) dissolution and mobilization in groundwater are predominantly controlled by sulfate because of the low solubility of barium sulfate (BaSO4) minerals. Naturally present at low concentrations in groundwater, elevated concentrations of Ba can occur as a result of anthropogenic activities, including use of barite in drill operations, and geogenic sources such as leaching from geological formations. No toxicity data exist for Ba with groundwater organisms (stygofauna) to assess the risk of elevated Ba concentrations. The present study measured Ba toxicity to two stygobiont Cyclopoida species: one collected from Wellington and the other from Somersby, New South Wales, Australia. Toxicity was measured as cyclopoid survival over 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in waters of varying sulfate concentration (&lt;1–100 mg SO4/L). When sulfate was present, dissolved Ba concentrations decreased rapidly in toxicity test solutions forming a BaSO4 precipitate until dissolved sulfate was depleted. Barium in excess of sulfate remained in the dissolved form. The toxicity of Ba to cyclopoids was clearly attributed to dissolved Ba. Precipitated Ba was not toxic to the Wellington cyclopoid species. Toxicity values for dissolved Ba for the Wellington and Somersby cyclopoid species included a (21-day) no-effect concentration of 3.3 mg/L and an effective concentration to cause 5% mortality of 4.8 mg/L (at 21 days). Elevated dissolved Ba concentrations due to anthropogenic and/or biogeochemical processes may pose a risk to groundwater organisms. Further toxicity testing with other stygobiont species is recommended to increase the data available to derive a guideline value for Ba that can be used in contaminant risk assessments for groundwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2501–2514. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.