bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
∞-minimal submanifolds
Authors: Katzourakis Nikolaos 
Published: May 2014

We identify the Variational Principle governing

∞
\infty

-Harmonic maps

u
:
Ω
⊆

R

n

⟶

R

N

u : \Omega \subseteq \mathbb {R}^n \longrightarrow \mathbb {R}^N

, that is, solutions to the

∞
\infty

-Laplacian

Δ
∞

u

:=

(

D
u
⊗
D
u
+

|

D
u

|

2

[
D
u

]
⊥

⊗
I

)

:

D
2

u

=

0.

\begin{equation}\Delta _\infty u \ :=\ \Big (Du \otimes Du + |Du|^2 [Du]^\bot \! \otimes I \Big ) : D^2 u\ = \ 0.\end{equation}

System \eqref{1} was first derived in the limit of the

p
p

-Laplacian as

p
→
∞

p\rightarrow \infty

in a 2012 paper of the author and was recently studied further by him. Here we show that \eqref{1} is the “Euler-Lagrange PDE” of the vector-valued Calculus of Variations in

L
∞

L^\infty

for the functional

‖
D
u

‖

L
∞

(
Ω
)

=

ess

sup

Ω

|

D
u

|

.

\begin{equation} \|Du\|_{L^\infty (\Omega )}\ = \ \underset {\Omega }{\textrm {ess}\,\textrm {sup}} \,|Du|.\end{equation}

We introduce the notion of

∞
\infty

-Minimal Maps, which are Rank-One Absolute Minimals of \eqref{2} with “

∞
\infty

-Minimal Area” of the submanifold

u
(
Ω
)
⊆

R

N

u(\Omega ) \subseteq \mathbb {R}^N

, and prove they solve \eqref{1}. The converse is true for immersions. We also establish a maximum principle for

|

D
u

|

|Du|

for solutions to \eqref{1}. We further characterize minimal surfaces of

R

3

\mathbb {R}^3

as those locally parameterizable by isothermal immersions with

∞
\infty

-Minimal Area and show that isothermal

∞
\infty

-Harmonic maps are rigid.
Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) in the Barents Sea: development of biomass and abundance indices, and spatial distribution
Authors: Eriksen Elena , Durif Caroline M. F. , Prozorkevich Dmitry 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Little is known about lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) ecology, especially its distribution in the open Barents Sea. This paper describes fluctuations in abundance and biomass indices of lumpfish based on pelagic trawl catches. This long-term monitoring survey has been conducted between August and September since 1980. Investigations show that lumpfish is widely distributed in the pelagic waters of the Barents Sea. Relative biomass and abundance indices were calculated for the period 1980–2012. The mean annual biomass was estimated to be 48 000 t, with a maximum of 143 000 t; the estimated mean annual abundance was 53 million individuals, with a maximum of 132 million individuals. There were more juveniles than adults, with juveniles comprising 40–80% of the total abundance (average 60%). The largest concentrations of both juveniles and adults were in years with warm temperatures. The majority of fish were found in waters of 5–7°C (60% of juveniles) and 4–7°C (70% of adults), indicating a strong association with Atlantic water masses in the Barents Sea. Regulations on the Norwegian and Russian fisheries for prespawning lumpfish are based only on after-the-fact fishery data and, therefore, have been insufficient in preventing negative effects on the lumpfish resource from fishing. Understanding the stock fluctuations and the use of fishery-independent data may improve the precautionary approach to fishery management. The use of lumpfish indices from the scientific surveys in the Barents Sea should be implemented to strengthen the current stock assessment.
Financial burden experienced by patients undergoing treatment for malignant gliomas
Authors: Kumthekar Priya , Stell Becky V. , Jacobs Daniel I. , Helenowski Irene B. , Rademaker Alfred W. , Grimm Sean A. , Bennett Charles L. , Raizer Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing treatment for malignant gliomas (MGs) can encounter medical costs beyond what their insurance covers. The magnitude and type of costs experienced by patients are unknown. The purpose of this study was to have patients or their families report on the medical costs incurred during the patients MG treatment.MethodsPatients with MG were eligible if they were within 6 months of diagnosis or tumor recurrence. Patients had to be ≥18 years of age, fluent in English, and not aphasic. Weekly logbooks were issued to patients for recording associated costs for ∼6 months or until tumor progression. “Out-of-pocket” (OOP) costs included medical and nonmedical expenses that were not reimbursed by insurance. Direct medical costs included hospital and physician bills. Direct nonmedical costs included transportation, parking, and other related items. Indirect medical costs included lost wages. Costs were analyzed to provide mean and medians with range of expenses.ResultsForty-three patients provided cost data for a median of 12 weeks. There were 25 men and 18 women with a median age of 57 years (range, 24y–73y); 79% were married, and 49% reported annual income >$75 000. Health insurance coverage was preferred provider organizations for 58% of patients, and median deductible was $1 500. Median monthly OOP cost was $1 342 (mean, $2 451; range, $333.41–$17 267.16). The highest OOP median costs were medication copayments ($710; range, $0–13 611.20), transportation ($327; range, $0–$1 927), and hospital bill copayments ($403; range, $0–$4 000). Median lost wages were $7 500, and median lost days of work were 12.8.ConclusionsOOP costs for MG patients can be significant and comprise direct and indirect costs across several areas. Informing patients about expected costs could limit additional duress and allow financial support systems to be implemented.
Effect of Fat‐ and Carbohydrate‐Rich Diets on Metabolism and Running Performance in Trained Adolescent Boys
Authors: Guimaraes Couto Patricia , Marani Lima Hessel , Pinheiro Soares Ruda , Bertuzzi Romulo , De‐Oliveira Fernando Roberto , Lima‐Silva Adriano Eduardo 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:A randomized crossover trial was designed to analyze the impact of a short‐term, isoenergetic fat‐rich or carbohydrate (CHO)‐rich diet on substrate oxidation rates during submaximal exercise and on performance in a 10,000‐m running time trial in trained, mid‐ to late‐pubertal boys.Methods:An incremental test was performed to determine the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). After 2 days on a fat‐rich (24.2% ± 0.8% CHO, 60.4% ± 0.3% fat, and 15.5% ± 1.0% protein), CHO‐rich (69.3% ± 1.2% CHO, 15.9% ± 2.1% fat, and 15.1% ± 1.1% protein), or habitual (56.1% ± 7.0% CHO, 27.5% ± 4.9% fat, and 16.5% ± 4.0% protein) diet, 19 trained adolescent boys (15.2 ± 1.5 years) performed a 10‐minute constant run at 65% VO2peak to determine the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during exercise and 10,000‐m running on an outdoor track.Results:During the constant run, the RER and CHO contribution to energy expenditure were lower, and fat contribution higher, in the fat‐rich diet than in the CHO‐rich diet (P < 0.05), but the results were not different from those of the habitual diet. Performance in the 10,000‐m run after consuming CHO‐ and fat‐rich diets was similar to performance after a habitual diet (50.0 ± 7.0, 51.9 ± 8.3, and 50.9 ± 7.4 minutes, respectively), but consuming a CHO‐rich diet enhanced performance compared with that after a fat‐rich diet (P = 0.03).Conclusions:These findings indicate that a CHO‐rich diet provides additional benefits to 10,000‐m running performance in trained adolescent boys compared with a fat‐rich diet.
Extending the ERP system: considering the business relationship portfolio
Authors: Ekman Peter , Thilenius Peter , Windahl Torbjörn 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– Research has shown that companies focus their internal processes when they adopt enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. However, the ERP systems need to expand their functionality to include customers and suppliers (with e-commerce functionality) to reach their full potential. The purpose of this paper is to consider business relationships as a resource but also a limitation when companies strive to get an extended ERP system.Design/methodology/approach– The paper presents an illustrative case study of an industrial company's process of developing an extended ERP and how the company's portfolio of business relationships has affected the solution. The analysis is supported by the markets-as-networks theory.Findings– The process of developing an extended ERP system needs to incorporate the company's business partners (customers and suppliers). It is a simultaneously bottom-up and top-down process given that the operative frontline staff hold the knowledge about the company's business relationships while the corporate management has the means of extending the ERP system functionality and align it with the focal company's strategy.Research limitations/implications– Companies need to consider the fact that the technological and financial status of their customers and suppliers differ. Thus, an effective and flexible extended ERP system needs to include both a high-end and low-end solution as well as understand that a full interorganizational integration might not be realistic.Originality/value– The paper puts forth business relationship portfolios as an important factor to consider when extending the ERP system functionality in the supply chain and toward customers.
Developing an analytical framework to assess the uncertainty and flexibility mismatches across the supply chain
Authors: Fayezi Sajad , Zutshi Ambika , O’Loughlin Andrew 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to discuss how decisions regarding organisational flexibility can be improved through targeted resource allocation, by focusing on the supply chain's level of uncertainty exposure. Specifically, the issue of where and in what ways flexibility has been incorporated across the organisation's supply chain is addressed.Design/methodology/approach– A two-phase methodology design based on literature review and case study was used. Using 83 journal articles in the areas of uncertainty and flexibility an analytical process for assessing uncertainty-flexibility mismatches was developed. Furthermore, results from ten interviews with senior/middle managers within the Australian manufacturing sector were used to provide preliminary insights on the usefulness and importance of the analytical process and its relationship with organisational practice.Findings– The paper emphasises the importance of having a systematic and encompassing view of uncertainty-flexibility mismatches across the supply chain, as well as the significance of socio-technical engagement. The paper both conceptually and empirically illustrates how, using a structured analytical process, flexibility requirements across the supply, process, control and demand segments of a supply chain might be assessed. A four-step analytical process was accordingly developed and, its application, usefulness and importance discussed using empirical data.Practical implications– The analytical process presented in this paper can assist managers to obtain a comprehensive overview of supply chain flexibility when dealing with situations involving uncertainty. This can facilitate and improve their decision-making with respect to prioritising attention on identified flexibility gaps in order to ensure stability of their performance.Originality/value– The paper presents a supply chain-wide discussion on the difficulties that uncertainty brings to organisations, and how organisational flexibility might serve to moderate those challenges for supply chain management. It discusses how to identify the flexibility gap and proposes an original analytical process for systematic assessment of uncertainty-flexibility mismatches.
Investigating and explaining organizational antecedents of PSM
Authors: Schott C. , Pronk J.L.J. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– First, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to the public service motivation (PSM) literature by increasing the limited knowledge of organizational antecedents of PSM. Second, by combining PSM with insights from self-determination theory (SDT), the paper aims to elucidate the link through which high-performance work systems (HPWS) relate to PSM.Design/methodology/approach– Using a survey, the authors investigated nurses’ perceptions of HPWS, PSM, and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs in four different German hospitals.Findings– The results of this study provide empirical evidence that PSM is influenced by several HR practices and the three basic psychological needs autonomy, relatedness, and competence, which in turn are influenced by certain HR practices as well. Basic psychological needs do not fully mediate the relationship between HPWS and PSM.Research limitations/implications– Four dimensions of HPWS are measured by a single item and the results are based on a German sample. They therefore might not apply to other countries. Future research will benefit from using a more corroborated measurement instrument of HPWS in different countries.Practical implications– This study offers useful insights for HR managers in the nursing sector on the question how PSM can be fostered effectively.Originality/value– This study adds to the limited knowledge of organizational antecedents of PSM by including ideas from HRM into the study of PSM. Second, by combining PSM with insights from psychology (SDT), this study sheds light on the mediating mechanisms which help to explain how HPWS relate to PSM; a conceptual model explaining the HPWS-PSM relationship is developed and tested.
Intrinsic and internalized modes of teaching motivation
Authors: Wilkesmann Uwe , J. Schmid Christian 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The introduction of New Public Management in the German system of higher education raises issues of the academics’ motivation to do research and to teach. The purpose of this paper is to present evidence-based findings about contextual factors which influence intrinsic and related modes of internalized teaching motivation in German higher education institutions. The paper discusses parallels between internalized forms of motivation and public service motivation (PSM). In accordance with self-determination theory (SDT), the paper empirically tests factors which correlate with autonomous motivation to teach. The paper also addresses the issue of the crowding effect of intrinsic motivation by selective incentives.Design/methodology/approach– The analyses are based on the data of two online surveys among German professors (n=2,061) representative for the population of state-governed universities. To test the theory-driven hypotheses the paper used multivariate regression analysis.Findings– The results support the basic claims of the SDT that intrinsic teaching motivation is facilitated by social relatedness, competence, and partly by autonomy for German professors, too. If teaching is managed by objective agreements intrinsic motivation is significantly decreased.Originality/value– The authors translated, reformulated, and applied the SDT framework to academic teaching. The analysis presents evidence that the management of autonomy-supportive work environmental factors is also superior to selective incentives in higher education institutions. The study on academic teaching motivation is a specific contribution to PSM research. Academic teaching in public higher education institutions is a service to the public.
Viewpoint: governing the governance of the governors
Authors: Nordberg Donald 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this “viewpoint” is to consider developments in the governance practices in UK public organizations, showing how ideas from the governance of listed companies have translated into public bodies.

Design/methodology/approach
– It discusses the literature of corporate governance and public service motivation and reflects it against practice evidenced in documentation for the UK Corporate Governance Code, codes for boards of different levels of public organizations, and both formal and informal evaluations of practice.

Findings
– The use of independent, non-executives directors in public bodies encapsulates the tension in the private sector between the service role of directors and how they control managers. The paper gives a preliminary investigation of three public bodies, comparing how reform of their governance has affected tensions in accountability and director motivation. The changes involve greater emphasis on extrinsic goals, potentially at the cost of the intrinsic ones.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper suggests avenues for future research, linking notions of the tensions between the service and control functions in corporate governance with the balance between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.

Practical implications
– Directors in both public and private bodies face a need to hold at bay forces that push in opposing directions to accommodate demands for greater accountability while sustaining the altruism social mindedness.

Originality/value
– The area of public sector boards is undergoing considerable change in the UK and this paper, although preliminary, is one of the few to examine the links to motivation.
Viewpoint: why variable pay-for-performance in healthcare can backfire
Authors: Osterloh Margit 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this “viewpoint” is to consider the unintended consequences of variable pay and incentive schemes in healthcare environments.

Design/methodology/approach
– Reviews a series of side effects of incentives.

Findings
– The paper suggests that pay-for-performance schemes should be avoided.

Originality/value
– The area of public sector boards is undergoing considerable change in the UK and this paper, although preliminary, is one of the few to examine the links to motivation.
Impacts of environmental turbulence on entrepreneurial orientation and new product success
Authors: Kam-Sing Wong Stanley 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– What leads to new product success (NPS) is a very complex issue. Although prior research widely demonstrates that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is a determinant for NPS and environmental turbulence is a form of unpredictability which impacts on the success of a product, little research has been conducted to examine if and to what extent environmental turbulence induces the EO behaviors of a firm and how these behaviors contribute to NPS. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This study, which used data collected from 244 China-based electronics manufacturers, proposed and tested the theoretical relationships among the three constructs in the context of the electronics industry in China.Findings– Results revealed that the three dimensions of EO (innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking) drive NPS. Environmental turbulence strongly influenced all three dimensions of EO, though its influence on NPS was mixed as there existed a strong negative but insignificant direct association between the two constructs. Innovativeness, which was found to be most effective in driving NPS in the EO and NPS relationship, was relatively less responsive to environmental turbulence than proactiveness. The study confirmed the postulated role of environmental turbulence in inducing the EO behaviors of a firm, signaling environmental turbulence, if tactfully leveraged, can play a positive role in new product development (NPD).Research limitations/implications– The study is quantitative using data emanating from the electronics manufacturing industry in China, further empirical study would be useful to verify and complement the results in other industries and other countries.Originality/value– This study contributes to the scholarly inquiry of EO and NPD by exploring the influences of environmental turbulence and EO on NPS. As environmental turbulence induces EO and EO mediates the relationship between environmental turbulence and NPS, simultaneous consideration of these two constructs can lend useful insight into their joint impacts on NPD. Theoretical and managerial implications were examined and policy implications, especially the practicality of the findings to policymakers in China, were discussed.
Predicting anticipated rent from innovation commercialisation in SMEs
Authors: Hang Do Thuy , Mazzarol Tim , Volery Thierry , Reboud Sophie 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the expectations that small business entrepreneurs hold in relation to the future returns from the commercialisation of innovations, and key organisational elements including inputs, knowledge, culture, strategy, portfolio, project management and commercialisation. More specifically, this research aims to deepen the knowledge of how small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) manage their innovation and identify critical factors determining the potential innovation outcomes.Design/methodology/approach– This study draws on a large sample of innovative SMEs from multiple Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development countries. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered face-to-face with owners-managers or executives of SMEs who made critical decisions for the innovation management of the firm. First, a factor analysis is conducted to identify the most appropriate measures for each variable. Second, the authors test for multicollinearity among independent variables. The final step integrates results from the general linear model analysis that measures the relationship between organisational factors and the anticipated returns.Findings– Findings suggest that positive expectations over future investment in innovation – as measured by the anticipated rent – are influenced by organisational factors, including innovation strategy, portfolio management, project management, and organisational culture and commercialisation process. Conversely, the resource endowment is not perceived as a barrier to innovation and to the development of a competitive advantage. In addition, industrial knowledge management has an indirect effect on the anticipated returns.Originality/value– Despite extensive research in innovation management, the role of organisational factors on anticipated returns in SMEs has not been investigated to date. The study provides researchers with new insights into the resource-based view and the theory of entrepreneurial rent from the perspective of innovation management. The findings offer guidance to managers as to potential success factors in enhancing the rent, but also reflect entrepreneurial optimism in the management of innovation.