bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher intake of fruits, vegetables or their fiber reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Ping‐Yu , Fang Jun‐Chao , Gao Zong‐Hua , Zhang Can , Xie Shu‐Yang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionSome previous studies reported no significant association of consuming fruit or vegetables, or fruit and vegetables combined, with type 2 diabetes. Others reported that only a greater intake of green leafy vegetables reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes. To further investigate the relationship between them, we carried out a meta‐analysis to estimate the independent effects of the intake of fruit, vegetables and fiber on the risk of type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsSearches of MEDLINE and EMBASE for reports of prospective cohort studies published from 1 January 1966 to 21 July 2014 were carried out, checking reference lists, hand‐searching journals and contacting experts.ResultsThe primary analysis included a total of 23 (11 + 12) articles. The pooled maximum‐adjusted relative risk of type 2 diabetes for the highest intake vs the lowest intake were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–0.96) for total fruits, 0.75 (95% CI 0.66–0.84) for blueberries, 0.87 (95% CI 0.81–0.93) for green leafy vegetables, 0.72 (95% CI 0.57–0.90) for yellow vegetables, 0.82 (95% CI 0.67–0.99) for cruciferous vegetables and 0.93 (95% CI 0.88–0.99) for fruit fiber in these high‐quality studies in which scores were seven or greater, and 0.87 (95% CI 0.80–0.94) for vegetable fiber in studies with a follow‐up period of 10 years or more.ConclusionsA higher intake of fruit, especially berries, and green leafy vegetables, yellow vegetables, cruciferous vegetables or their fiber is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
Trophic interaction network and the evolutionary history of Diabroticina beetles (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
Authors: Eben A. , Espinosa de los Monteros A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the striking diversity of species in the subtribe Diabroticina (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Luperini) is complicated by a lack of ecological and behavioural observations. Adults are mainly pollen feeders and their feeding habits range from highly polyphagous to oligophagous on a single host family. Host breadth for root‐feeding larvae and for adult feeding and oviposition remains largely unknown for the majority of non‐pest species. We used known host plant associations for 43 species of Diabroticina beetles in six genera to summarize trophic interactions between beetles and host plant families. The metrics of ecological network analyses (connectance, modularity, number of interactions and feeding specialization) revealed a heterogeneous pattern of interactions. Most species are connected with few host plants, whereas few species interact with many hosts. A more robust analysis is likely to emerge when a greater representation of neotropical Diabroticina and their host relationships is obtained.
Chloroplast Genome Evolution in the Euglenaceae
Authors: Bennett Matthew S. , Triemer Richard E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOver the last few years multiple studies have been published outlining chloroplast genomes that represent many of the photosynthetic euglenid genera. However, these genomes were scattered throughout the euglenophyceaean phylogenetic tree, and focused on comparisons with Euglena gracilis. Here, we present a study exclusively on taxa within the Euglenaceae. Six new chloroplast genomes were characterized, those of Cryptoglena skujai, E. gracilis var. bacillaris, Euglena viridis, Euglenaria anabaena, Monomorphina parapyrum, and Trachelomonas volvocina, and added to six previously published chloroplast genomes to determine if trends existed within the family. With this study: at least one genome has now been characterized for each genus, the genomes of different strains from two taxa were characterized to explore intraspecific variability, and a second taxon has been characterized for the genus Monomorphina to examine intrageneric variability. Overall results showed a large amount of variability among the genomes, though a few trends could be identified both within Euglenaceae and within Euglenophyta. In addition, the intraspecific analysis indicated that the similarity of a genome sequence between strains was taxon dependent, and the intrageneric analysis indicated that the majority of the evolutionary changes within the Euglenaceae occurred intergenerically.
Success of immediate loading implants compared to conventionally‐loaded implants: a literature review
Authors: Al‐Sawai Abdul‐Aziz , Labib Hussein 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic literature review was to compare the clinical performance between conventionally‐ (delayed) and immediately‐loaded implants. A literature search of studies published between 1995 and 2012 was performed using several electronic databases and the following key words: “immediate loading”, “dental implants”, “immediate function”, “early loading”, “oral implants”, “immediate restoration”, and “systematic review” was performed. The electronic search was supplemented with hand‐searching in dental journals and cross‐referencing within the selected articles. Studies were considered for inclusion if they analyzed the success of the immediate loading protocol for implants, with emphasis given to randomized, controlled clinical trials. Among the clinical studies extracted from the literature, 120 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. These studies included trials that involved yielded consistent results of success rates of immediately‐loaded implants comparable to those known from conventionally‐loaded implants, which were subjected to the immediate loading protocol or other loading protocols. According to the findings, there is evidence to suggest that immediate loading protocols demonstrate high implant survival rates and could be cautiously recommended for certain clinical situations. However, studies with a high level of evidence, especially randomized, controlled trials, performed over a longer timeframe are required to show a clear benefit over conventional and other loading types.
Liraglutide is neurotrophic and neuroprotective in neuronal cultures and mitigates mild traumatic brain injury in mice
Authors: Li Yazhou , Bader Miaad , Tamargo Ian , Rubovitch Vardit , Tweedie David , Pick Chaim G. , Greig Nigel H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI), a brain dysfunction for which there is no present effective treatment, is often caused by a concussive impact to the head and affects an estimated 1.7 million Americans annually. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that exendin‐4, a long‐lasting glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonist, has neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models ofTBI. Here, we demonstrate neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of a differentGLP‐1R agonist, liraglutide, in neuronal cultures and a mouse model of mildTBI(mTBI). Liraglutide promoted dose‐dependent proliferation inSH‐SY5Y cells and in aGLP‐1R over‐expressing cell line at reduced concentrations. Pre‐treatment with liraglutide rescued neuronal cells from oxidative stress‐ and glutamate excitotoxicity‐induced cell death. Liraglutide produced neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects similar to those of exendin‐4in vitro. ThecAMP/PKA/pCREBpathway appears to play an important role in this neuroprotective activity of liraglutide. Furthermore, our findings in cell culture were well‐translated in a weight dropmTBImouse model. Post‐treatment with a clinically relevant dose of liraglutide for 7 days in mice ameliorated memory impairments caused bymTBIwhen evaluated 7 and 30 days post trauma. These data cross‐validate former studies of exendin‐4 and suggest that liraglutide holds therapeutic potential for the treatment ofmTBI.imageExendin‐4, a long‐lasting glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonist, has neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, we demonstrate neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of a different GLP‐1R agonist, liraglutide, in neuronal cultures and a mouse model of mild TBI (mTBI). Liraglutide promoted dose‐dependent proliferation in SH‐SY5Y cells and in a GLP‐1R over‐expressing cell line at reduced concentrations. Pretreatment with liraglutide rescued neuronal cells from oxidative stress‐ and glutamate excitotoxicity‐induced cell death. Liraglutide produced neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects similar to those of exendin‐4in vitro, likely involving the cAMP/PKA/pCREB pathway. Our findings in cell culture were well‐translated in a weight‐drop mTBI mouse model. Post‐treatment with a clinically relevant dose of liraglutide for 7 days in mice ameliorated memory impairments caused by mTBI.
Patterns and severity of vincristine‐induced peripheral neuropathy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Lavoie Smith Ellen M. , Li Lang , Chiang ChienWei , Thomas Karin , Hutchinson Raymond J. , Wells Elizabeth M. , Ho Richard H. , Skiles Jodi , Chakraborty Arindom , Bridges Celia M. , Renbarger Jamie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractVincristine, a critical component of combination chemotherapy treatment for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), can lead to vincristine‐induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN). Longitudinal VIPN assessments were obtained over 12 months from newly diagnosed children with ALL (N = 128) aged 1–18 years who received vincristine at one of four academic children's hospitals. VIPN assessments were obtained using the Total Neuropathy Score‐Pediatric Vincristine (TNS©‐PV), National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE©), Balis© grading scale, and Pediatric Neuropathic Pain Scale©–Five (PNPS©‐5). Of children who provided a full TNS©‐PV score, 85/109 (78%) developed VIPN (TNS©‐PV ≥4). Mean TNS©‐PV, grading scale, and pain scores were low. CTCAE©‐derived grades 3 and 4 sensory and motor VIPN occurred in 1.6%/0%, and 1.9%/0% of subjects, respectively. VIPN did not resolve in months 8–12 despite decreasing dose density. VIPN was worse in older children. Partition cluster analysis revealed 2–3 patient clusters; one cluster (n = 14) experienced severe VIPN. In this population, VIPN occurs more commonly than previous research suggests, persists throughout the first year of treatment, and can be severe.
High rate of nickel allergy in women with endometriosis: A 3‐year population‐based study
Authors: Yuk Jin‐Sung , Kim Yong Jin , Yi Kyong‐Wook , Tak Kim , Hur Jun‐Young , Shin Jung‐Ho 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence rates of nickel allergy, contact dermatitis, drug allergy, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis among women with and without endometriosis.Material and MethodsData were obtained from the National Patient Sample of the Republic of Korea, which was provided by the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. We evaluated women aged 20–40 years who visited a health care institution from 2009–2011. We estimated the prevalence of allergic diseases among women with and without endometriosis.ResultsWe extracted a sample of 1 843 447 women from the total patient sample of approximately 3 million. We identified 7259 women with endometriosis and 535 818 women without endometriosis. After adjusting for age and data year, the women with endometriosis had higher rates of nickel allergy (odds ratio = 1.175; 95% confidence interval, 1.011–1.366; P = 0.04). Additionally, after adjusting for age, data year and other allergic diseases, the women with endometriosis had higher rates of nickel allergy (odds ratio = 1.167; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.357; P = 0.04). After adjusting for other covariates, we found that other allergic disorders, such as allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis, were not associated with endometriosis.ConclusionWomen with endometriosis had higher rates of nickel allergy. Further research is required to clarify the relation between nickel allergy and endometriosis.
Incidence and risk factors of sepsis mortality in labor, delivery and after birth: Population‐based study in the USA
Authors: Al‐Ostad Ghassan , Kezouh Abbas , Spence Andrea R. , Abenhaim Haim A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimMaternal sepsis is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality around the world. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and mortality rate of sepsis, and the associated risk factors for their development during pregnancy, labor, delivery and the post‐partum period.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study consisting of 5 million births that occurred in the USA. Data were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project–Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP‐NIS) database from 1998 to 2008. Logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for sepsis development and sepsis‐related death during admission for delivery.ResultsThe overall incidence of maternal sepsis was 29.4 per 100 000 births (95%CI: 28.0–30.9) with a sepsis case fatality rate of 4.4 per 100 births (95%CI: 3.5–5.6). Both the incidence of maternal sepsis and sepsis‐related death rate have increased over the last decade. Women who are black, older than 35 years and who smoke were more likely to experience maternal sepsis. An association was also found between maternal sepsis and diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, eclampsia, preterm birth, hysterectomy, puerperal infection, post‐partum hemorrhage, transfusion and chorioamnionitis.ConclusionsMortality from maternal sepsis during labor and delivery is an increasing and important problem in westernized countries. Initiatives aimed at improving early recognition and effective management may help reduce the occurrence and outcomes of maternal sepsis at time of labor and delivery.
Oesophageal atresia and tracheo‐oesophageal fistula in Western Australia: Prevalence and trends
Authors: Leoncini Emanuele , Bower Carol , Nassar Natasha 
Published: May 2015

AimA recent international study reported a higher prevalence of oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo‐oesophageal fistula (OA±TOF) in Western Australia (WA). The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and trends of OA and/or TOF in WA, determine the proportion of cases with associated anomalies and explore the impact of time of diagnosis.MethodsThe study population comprised all infants born in WA, 1980–2009, and registered with OA and/or TOF on the WA Register of Developmental Anomalies (WARDA).ResultsOA±TOF and TOF alone affect, on average, one in every 2927 births in WA, with a total prevalence of 3.00 and 0.42 per 10 000 births, respectively. The prevalence of OA±TOF increased by 2.0% per annum, with only cases with associated anomalies (64% of cases) demonstrating an increase. TOF rates were stable. Among OA±TOF infants, the proportion of live births, stillbirths and elective terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (TOPFA) was 79%, 6% and 15%, respectively, whereas the majority (94%) of TOF only cases were live births. In 2000–2009, there was 30% fall in OA±TOF live births with 61 (58%) cases diagnosed in first week of life, 10 (9%) prenatally and 34 (32%) at post‐mortem only.ConclusionsA higher prevalence of OA±TOF in WA was observed with increase over time attributable to increase with associated anomalies. Consistent reporting, availability of prenatal diagnosis and ascertainment of cases following TOPFA or post‐mortem examinations can significantly affect prevalence of OA and/or TOF.
Tertiary paediatric emergency department use in children and young people with cerebral palsy
Authors: Meehan Elaine , Reid Susan M , Williams Katrina , Freed Gary L , Babl Franz E , Sewell Jillian R , Rawicki Barry , Reddihough Dinah S 
Published: May 2015

AimsThe aim of this study was to describe the pattern of tertiary paediatric emergency department (ED) use in children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsA retrospective analysis of ED data routinely collected at the two tertiary paediatric hospitals in Victoria, Australia, cross‐matched with the Victorian Cerebral Palsy Register. Data pertaining to the ED presentations of 2183 registered individuals born 1993–2008 were obtained.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2012, 37% (n = 814) of the CP cohort had 3631 tertiary paediatric ED presentations. Overall, 40% (n = 332) of presenters were residing in inner metropolitan Melbourne; 44% (n = 356) in outer Melbourne; and 13% (n = 108) in regional Victoria. Presenters were more likely than non‐presenters to be younger, non‐ambulant and have epilepsy. In total, 71% of presentations were triaged as Australasian Triage Scale 1–3 (urgent), and 44% resulted in a hospital admission. Disorders of the respiratory, neurological and gastrointestinal systems, and medical device problems were responsible for 72% of presentations.ConclusionMany of the tertiary paediatric ED presentations in this group were appropriate based on the high admission rate and the large proportion triaged as urgent. However, there is evidence that some families are bypassing local services and travelling long distances to attend the tertiary paediatric ED, even for less urgent complaints that do not require hospital admission. Alternative pathways of care delivery, and strategies to promote the management of common problems experienced by children and young people with CP in non‐paediatric EDs or primary care settings, may go some way towards reducing unnecessary tertiary paediatric ED use in this group.
Antifungal Activity of Volatile Compounds Produced by an Edible Mushroom Hypsizygus marmoreus against Phytopathogenic Fungi
Authors: Oka Kumiko , Ishihara Atsushi , Sakaguchi Nanase , Nishino Shigeki , Parada Roxana Y. , Nakagiri Akira , Otani Hiroshi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractVolatile compounds with antifungal activity produced by edible mushrooms have potential as biological control agents to combat fungal diseases and reduce fungicide use in agriculture. Here we investigated the antifungal activity of volatile compounds produced by the edible mushroom Hypsizygus marmoreus (TUFC 11906) against eight phytopathogenic fungi. The results showed that volatile compounds from the mycelia and culture filtrates (CFs) of H. marmoreus had antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. Among them, the mycelial growth and conidial germination of Alternaria brassicicola were significantly inhibited by 60 and 100%, respectively. Moreover, the volatile compounds from CFs inhibited the lesion formation of A. brassicicola on detached cabbage leaves by 94%. The volatile compounds had higher antifungal activity against A. brassicicola than other fungi. With the removal of the volatile compounds from conidia of A. brassicicola, the conidia began to germinate, which indicates fungistatic activity of the compounds. The volatile compounds were isolated from the CFs of H. marmoreus, and the major volatile compound with antifungal activity was estimated to be 2‐methylpropanoic acid 2,2‐dimethyl‐1‐(2‐hydroxy‐1‐methylethyl)propyl ester. As the volatile compound produced by H. marmoreus is a product of an edible mushroom and has fungistatic activity against some phytopathogenic fungi, especially A. brassicicola, it may be possible to use the compounds as a novel safe agent for protecting crops in the field and during storage.
Occurrence of Grey Leaf Spot of Sedum erythrostictum Caused by Cercospora cf. pseudokalanchoes in China
Authors: Yuan Yue , Zhou Rujun , Xu Haijiao , Fu Junfan , Hao Ning , Li Hongbo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSedum erythrostictum is a perennial herb in the Crassulaceae family, which is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of hepatitis, dysentery, herpes zoster and swellings. In 2014, a grey leaf spot disease causing significant damage to plants of S. erythrostictum occurred in the Medicinal Herb Garden of Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Province, China. The fungus mainly infected the leaves. The necrotic lesions on the leaves were circular or elliptical, amphigenous, greyish brown to brown, slightly concave and surrounded by a dark brown distinct margin. The causal agent from symptomatic tissues was identified as Cercospora cf. pseudokalanchoes based on the symptoms, morphological characteristics, molecular identifications and pathogenicity tests. To our knowledge, this is the first formal report of grey leaf spot of S. erythrostictum caused by C. cf. pseudokalanchoes in China.
Adolescents' and parents' views of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in Ireland
Authors: Coyne I. , McNamara N. , Healy M. , Gower C. , Sarkar M. , McNicholas F. 
Published: May 2015

Accessible summary
Despite increasing focus on researching users' experiences of mental health provision, there are few studies which report adolescents and parents' experiences of attending child and adolescent mental health clinics in Ireland.
We found that a lack of information and availability of services made it difficult for participants to access help. They want to be included in information sharing and decision making, but adolescents in particular felt that their voices were not heard in the decision‐making process.
Frequent staff changes were particularly difficult for adolescents as they need consistent relationship with a key professional to build trust and disclose thoughts and feelings.
Provision of flexible consultations (both single and shared), with sensitivity to the differing perspective of adolescents and parents, coupled with inclusion in information sharing and decision making would significantly improve the experience for adolescents and parents.
AbstractService user involvement is essential for quality care in the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). This study was conducted to explore adolescents' and parents' experiences of CAMHS in relation to accessibility, approachability and appropriateness. This study used a descriptive qualitative design, and focus groups and single interviews were conducted with adolescents (n = 15) and parents (n = 32) from three mental health clinics. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Accessing mental health services was a challenging experience for many parents and adolescents due to knowledge deficit, lack of information and limited availability of specialist services. Some parents and adolescents reported positive experiences while others reported negative experiences. They expressed a need for more information, involvement in decision making, flexible scheduling of appointments, school support and parent support groups. The nature and quality of the relationship with staff was critical to positive experience with the service; therefore, frequent changes of medical staff was disruptive. Mental health nurses can play a vital role in ensuring continuity, assessing adolescents' participation preferences and advocating for their information needs with other members of the interdisciplinary team.