bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural plant disease suppressiveness in soils extends to insect pest control
Authors: Harmsen Nadine , Vesga Pilar , Glauser Gaétan , Klötzli Françoise , Heiman Clara M. , Altenried Aline , Vacheron Jordan , Muller Daniel , Moënne-Loccoz Yvan , Steinger Thomas , Keel Christoph , Garrido-Sanz Daniel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Since the 1980s, soils in a 22-km2 area near Lake Neuchâtel in Switzerland have been recognized for their innate ability to suppress the black root rot plant disease caused by the fungal pathogen Thielaviopsis basicola. However, the efficacy of natural disease suppressive soils against insect pests has not been studied.

Results
We demonstrate that natural soil suppressiveness also protects plants from the leaf-feeding pest insect Oulema melanopus. Plants grown in the most suppressive soil have a reduced stress response to Oulema feeding, reflected by dampened levels of herbivore defense-related phytohormones and benzoxazinoids. Enhanced salicylate levels in insect-free plants indicate defense-priming operating in this soil. The rhizosphere microbiome of suppressive soils contained a higher proportion of plant-beneficial bacteria, coinciding with their microbiome networks being highly tolerant to the destabilizing impact of insect exposure observed in the rhizosphere of plants grown in the conducive soils. We suggest that presence of plant-beneficial bacteria in the suppressive soils along with priming, conferred plant resistance to the insect pest, manifesting also in the onset of insect microbiome dysbiosis by the displacement of the insect endosymbionts.

Conclusions
Our results show that an intricate soil–plant-insect feedback, relying on a stress tolerant microbiome network with the presence of plant-beneficial bacteria and plant priming, extends natural soil suppressiveness from soilborne diseases to insect pests.
Intangible cultural heritage based on finite element analysis: force analysis of Chinese traditional garden rockery construction
Authors: Dong Qianli , Wei Tianheng , Wang Yuan , Zhang Qingping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In traditional Chinese rockery stacking, the peculiarity of the materials and reliance on the personal experience of artisans during the construction process make it challenging to scientifically quantify the structural stress and use scientific methods to ensure the stability of rockery structures and the safety of the construction process. Therefore, the intangible cultural heritage of rockery stacking technology faces the problem of scientific structural inspection and risk estimation during the construction process. This study uses a finite element analysis to evaluate the structural stress of the rockery-stacking site to contribute to the sustainable development and protection of this intangible cultural heritage. After establishing a three-dimensional digital model, mechanical calculations are carried out for the overall structure of the rockery and its different parts. The analysis identifies three types of structural factors in artificial rockeries: contact, structure, and load. It also effectively and intuitively identifies the weak points in the rockery structures and provides an assessment of risks, offering valuable insights for risk prevention and for the construction and maintenance of the structures. These results contribute to the structural safety inspection of traditional Chinese rockery stacking and the structural evaluation of existing rockery heritage.
Case report of pharmacokinetic analysis of continuous intravenous infusion of fentanyl in a patient with severe burn: burn shock stage complicates pain management
Authors: Nakano Takafumi , Oida Yasuhisa , Morimoto Shinichi , Muranishi Kentaro , Ushio Soichiro , Yamashina Takuya , Uchiyama Masanobu , Mishima Kenichi , Kitaichi Kiyoyuki , Nakamura Yoshihiko , Matsuo Koichi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Fentanyl is widely used as an analgesic and sedative for patients with severe burn injuries in intensive care units. However, pharmacokinetic (PK) data for fentanyl, particularly for continuous intravenous infusion during the acute phase of burn injuries, are limited. Here, we report the clinical course and changes in blood fentanyl concentrations during the acute phase in a patient with severe burns treated with continuous intravenous infusion of fentanyl.

Case presentation
A woman in her 40s, with burns caused by a gas cylinder explosion, was transported to our hospital. The patient had burn wounds on face, neck, shoulders, and all four extremities, with a total burn area of 39.0%. For pain relief, the patient received a continuous infusion of 0.01 mg/mL fentanyl (20–30 µg/h) with a target blood concentration of 1.0–1.5 ng/mL, but continued to suffer from pain due to burning during the acute phase. We measured the blood fentanyl concentrations and found that all concentrations obtained during the acute phase were subtherapeutic. Notably, during the burn shock stage, blood concentrations of fentanyl were 0.50 ng/mL on day 1 and 0.66 ng/mL on day 2, indicating that the blood concentration did not rise sufficiently for the dosage. From days 0 to 2, the patient was administered a massive fluid load for burn shock. After the burn shock stage resolved, fentanyl concentrations gradually approached the target range, and the pain rating scale improved, even though the fentanyl administration rate remained unchanged (30 µg/h).

Conclusions
Major changes in the fluid volumes of body compartments that occur with large burns might increase the volume of fentanyl distribution, thereby lowering its concentration when a standard dose is administered. Our findings indicate that the PK of fentanyl in patients with severe burns can be substantially affected, especially during the shock phase, implying the importance of titrating analgesics for clinical efficacy in the acute phase.
Multiscale modelling of precipitation hardening: a review
Authors: Cui Aiya , Wang Xiaoming , Cui Yinan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrecipitation hardening, a cornerstone of alloy strengthening, finds widespread application in engineering materials. Comprehending the underlying mechanisms and formulating models bear crucial significance for engineering applications. While classical macroscopic theoretical models based on the line tension model have historically guided research efforts, their reliance on simplifications, assumptions, and parameter adjustments limits their predictability and expansibility. Moreover, the challenge of understanding the intricate coupling effects among various hardening mechanisms persists. One fundamental question to achieve the transition of material design paradigms from empirical trial-and-error methods to predictive-and-design approaches is to develop more physics-based multiscale modelling methods. This review aims to elucidate the physical mechanisms governing precipitation hardening and establish a tailored bottom-up multiscale modelling framework to steer the design of new alloys. The physical scenarios of precipitation hardening are firstly summarized, including particle shearing, Orowan bypass, and dislocation cross-slip and climb. Afterwards, an in-depth discussion is given regarding the application of macroscopic models and their correlation with the mechanisms and precipitation characteristics. As for the multiscale modelling methods, we categorize them into three main types: slip resistance based approaches, misfit stress field based approaches, and energy based approaches. By integrating multiscale modelling with the physical scenarios, we systematically addressed the key idea of the multiscale coupling framework, and their scale transfer procedure, applicability, advantages, and limitations. Some examples of coupling different types of multiscale methods and considering precipitates with complicated shapes are also presented. This study not only furnishes insightful comprehension of precipitation hardening, but also guides the development of multiscale modelling methodologies for other types of hardening effects in alloys.
Patient-reported outcome measures for systemic lupus erythematosus: an expert Delphi consensus to guide implementation in routine care
Authors: Castrejón Isabel , Cano Laura , Cuadrado María José , Borrás Joaquín , Galindo Maria , Salman-Monte Tarek C. , Amorós Carlos , San Román Carmen , Cabezas Isabel , Comellas Marta , Muñoz Alejandro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may result in great impact on patients’ quality of life, social relationships, and work productivity. The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in routine care could help capture disease burden to guide SLE management and optimize disease control. We aimed to explore the current situation, appropriateness, and feasibility of PROMs to monitor patients with SLE in routine care, from healthcare professionals’ and patients’ perspectives.

Methods
A scientific committee developed a Delphi questionnaire, based on a focus group with patients and a literature review, including 22 statements concerning: 1) Use of PROMs in routine care (n = 2); 2) PROMs in SLE management (n = 13); 3) Multidisciplinary management of patients with SLE (n = 4), and 4) Aspects on patient empowerment (n = 3). Statements included in Sects. 2–4 were assessed from three perspectives: current use, appropriateness, and feasibility (with currently available resources). For each statement, panellists specified their level of agreement using a 7-point Likert scale. A consensus was reached when ≥ 70% of the panellists agreed (6,7) or disagreed (1,2) on each statement.

Results
Fifty-nine healthcare professionals and 16 patients with SLE participated in the Delphi-rounds. A consensus was reached on the value of PROMs to improve SLE management (83%) and the key role of healthcare professionals (77%) and the need for a digital tool connected to the electronic medical record (85%) to promote and facilitate PROMs collection. PROMs most frequently used in clinical practice are pain (56%), patient’s global assessment (44%) and fatigue (39%), all on visual analogue scales. Panellists agreed on the need to implement multidisciplinary consultation (79%), unify complementary tests (88%), incorporate pharmacists into the healthcare team (70%), and develop home medication dispensing and informed telepharmacy programmes (72%) to improve quality of care in patients with SLE. According to panellists, patient associations (82%) and nurses (80%) are critical to educate and train patients on PROMs to enhance patient empowerment.

Conclusions
Although pain, fatigue, and global assessment were identified as the most feasible, PROMs are not widely used in routine care in Spain. The present Delphi consensus can provide a road map for their implementation being key for SLE management.
Evaluation of some techniques for drying conidiated rice culture of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. with a bioassay evaluating their eligibility
Authors: Bakr Ehab Mostafa , Hassan Dalia Mohamed Ahmed , Haron Entesar Nahed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Production of entomopathogenic fungi on a solid substrate, mostly on rice, is preferred by many producers due to its low technological requirements. Drying may be needed after fermentation to preserve the viability of the conidia until use. This study aimed to introduce some uncomplicated drying techniques and study their effectiveness in terms of drying time and extent, as well as their impact on the quantity of conidia produced and their biological activity. Four techniques were studied, i.e., condensing water vapor (by cooling), desiccant (using NaOH), air drying on a net, and air drying on a solid (impermeable) surface.

Results
Condensing water vapor and desiccant techniques were the fastest and most efficient, resulting in the lowest moisture content, ranging between 12 and 13%. While drying on a solid surface was the slowest and resulted in the highest moisture content of 32.98%. All of the dried samples yielded a lower quantity of conidia compared to the fresh samples. Samples of condensing water vapor, desiccant, and net techniques yielded approximately a similar quantity of conidia, ranging between 74 and 71% of the yield of the fresh sample. The solid surface sample yielded the lowest quantity of conidia, representing 63.78% of the fresh sample yield. A bioassay test on the mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), showed that conidia dried via condensing water vapor and desiccant techniques kept their pathogenicity similar to the fresh sample, while samples dried on a net and solid surface significantly lost part of their pathogenicity.

Conclusion
The condensing water vapor and desiccant techniques were the most efficient regarding the time needed, conidia yield, and pathogenicity. Drying on a solid surface was the least effective regarding the same factors.
Unraveling the phosphorylation landscape: a leap forward in understanding the rice blast fungus pathogenicity
Authors: Bhadauria Vijai , Peng You-Liang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae stands as a formidable adversary to one of the world’s most important crops, rice, which feeds over half of the global population. Its ability to rapidly evolve and adapt underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of its infection strategies. In a large-scale study published in Cell, Cruz-Mireles et al. (Cell 187:2557-73, 2024) utilized phosphoproteomics to globally map the phosphorylation landscape during the infection-related development by M. oryzae, identifying 2062 activated phosphoproteins carrying 8005 phosphosites. A subset of these phosphosites were conserved in the proteins of diverse fungal pathogens and appeared to be associated with biotrophic and hemibiotrophic infection. Thirty-two of these phosphoproteins are regulated by pathogenicity mitogen-activated kinase 1 (Pmk1), a central component of the MAPK signaling pathway, including VTi 1–2 suppressor, whose regulation by Pmk1 is essential for rice blast disease. Together, this global phosphorylation atlas offers a rich tapestry of potential therapeutic targets for developing green agrochemicals to control fungal diseases of plants.
Early onset Bouveret syndrome: a unique case in a young patient
Authors: Hameed Marya , Qureshi Muhammad Fazal Hussain , Siddiqui Fatima 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Bouveret syndrome is a rare etiology of gastric outlet obstruction, presenting with clinical manifestations that resemble those of several gastric pathologies. Timely diagnosis is imperative to mitigate potentially fatal consequences associated with this condition.

Case presentation
This case report involves a male patient, aged 35, who exhibited symptoms of intense abdominal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting over a 24-h period. The individual experienced identical symptoms of lesser intensity on three separate occasions throughout the preceding 4-month period, during which they resorted to analgesic medication for temporary relief. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen was performed, which identified the presence of the Rigler triad, characterized by pneumobilia, a cholecysto-antral fistula, and an ectopic gallstone lodged in the gastric antrum resulting in an obstruction. The patient’s diagnosis of Bouveret syndrome was determined based on the imaging findings. A surgical procedure known as cholecystectomy was conducted, which confirmed the existence of the sizable cholecystoduodenal fistula that was previously detected in the computed tomography (CT) scan. The surgical procedures that were conducted included a partial duodenectomy, a gastrojejunostomy, a cholecystectomy, and a common bile duct exploration with the removal of common bile duct stones. After examining the bile duct, a t-tube was inserted into the bile duct.

Conclusion
This case demonstrates a distinctive occurrence of a condition in a young man, typically observed in elderly females. There is a lack of established treatment guidelines for this particular entity. The appropriate course of action depends on various factors, including the patient’s condition, CT scan results, medical history, presence of co-existing illnesses, and intraoperative circumstances. These considerations are taken into account when determining whether a single-step surgical strategy or a multi-step approach should be pursued in order to minimize complications in patients. In this case, due to favorable conditions, a single-step approach was taken that yielded promising results.
Strengthening accountability for tuberculosis policy implementation in South Africa: perspectives from policymakers, civil society, and communities
Authors: van der Westhuizen Helene-Mari , Giddy Janet , Coetzee Renier , Makanda Goodman , Tisile Phumeza , Galloway Michelle , Bunyula Siyavuya , Schoeman Ingrid , Nathavitharana Ruvandhi R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Translating health policy into effective implementation is a core priority for responding effectively to the tuberculosis (TB) crisis. The national TB Recovery Plan was developed in response to the negative impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on TB care in South Africa. We aimed to explore the implementation of the TB Recovery Plan and develop recommendations for strengthening accountability for policy implementation for this and future TB policies.

Methods
We interviewed 24 participants working on or impacted by TB policy implementation in South Africa. This included perspectives from national, provincial, and local health department representatives, civil society, and community representatives. In-depth interviews were conducted in English and isiXhosa and we drew on reflexive thematic methods for analysis.

Results
Participants felt that there was potential for COVID-19 innovations and urgency to influence TB policy development and implementation, including the use of data dashboards. Implementation of the TB Recovery Plan predominantly used a top-down approach to implementation (cascading from national policy to local implementers) but experienced bottlenecks at provincial level. Recommendations for closing the TB policy-implementation gap included using phased implementation and enhancing provincial-level accountability. Civil society organisations were concerned about the lack of provincial implementation data which impeded advocacy for improved accountability and inadequate resourcing for implementation. Community health workers were viewed as key to implementation but were not engaged in the policy development process and were often not aware of new TB policies. At local level, there were also opportunities to strengthen community engagement in policy implementation including through community-led monitoring. Participants recommended broader multi-stakeholder engagement that includes community and community health worker representatives in the development and implementation phases of new TB policies.

Conclusions
Communities affected by TB, with the support of civil society organisations, could play a bigger role in monitoring policy implementation at local level and need to be capacitated to do this. This bottom-up approach could complement existing top-down strategies and contribute to greater accountability for TB policy implementation.
Development of a Web-Based Interactive Tool for Visualizing Breast Cancer Clinical Trial Tolerability Data
Authors: Luu Michael , Gresham Gillian , Henry Lynn , Kim Sungjin , Rogatko Andre , Yothers Greg , Hays Ron D. , Tighiouart Mourad , Ganz Patricia A. 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Longitudinal patient tolerability data collected as part of randomized controlled trials are often summarized in a way that loses information and does not capture the treatment experience. To address this, we developed an interactive web application to empower clinicians and researchers to explore and visualize patient tolerability data. METHODS We used adverse event (AE) data (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from the NSABP-B35 phase III clinical trial, which compared anastrozole with tamoxifen for breast cancer–free survival, to demonstrate the tools. An interactive web application was developed using R and the Shiny web application framework that generates Sankey diagrams to visualize AEs and PROs using four tools: AE Explorer, PRO Explorer, Cohort Explorer, and Custom Explorer. RESULTS To illustrate how users can use the interactive tool, examples for each of the four applications are presented using data from the NSABP-B35 phase III trial and the NSABP-B30 trial for the Custom Explorer. In the AE and PRO explorers, users can select AEs or PROs to visualize within specified time periods and compare across treatments. In the cohort explorer, users can select a subset of patients with a specific symptom, severity, and treatment received to visualize the trajectory over time within a specified time interval. With the custom explorer, users can upload and visualize structured longitudinal toxicity and tolerability data. CONCLUSION We have created an interactive web application and tool for clinicians and researchers to explore and visualize clinical trial tolerability data. This adaptable tool can be extended for other clinical trial data visualization and incorporated into future patient-clinician interactions regarding treatment decisions.
Outcomes of Patients With Newly Diagnosed AML and Hyperleukocytosis
Authors: Haddad Fadi G. , Sasaki Koji , Senapati Jayastu , Xiao Lianchun , Park Grace , Abuasab Tareq , Venugopal Sangeetha , Rivera Daniel , Bazinet Alexandre , Babakhanlou Rodrick , Kim Kunhwa , Ong Faustine , Desikan Sai , Pemmaraju Naveen , Loghavi Sanam , Borthakur Gautam , DiNardo Courtney , Abbas Hussein A. , Short Nicholas J. , Daver Naval , Jabbour Elias , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Ravandi Farhad , Kantarjian Hagop , Kadia Tapan 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE
AML presenting with hyperleukocytosis is associated with poor outcomes. We aim to understand the factors associated with early mortality and overall survival (OS) to help guide management and improve early mortality.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed data from 129 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AML and a WBC count ≥100 × 10
9
/L between January 2010 and April 2020. Logistic regression models estimated odds ratios for 4-week mortality. Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard ratios for OS.

RESULTS

The median age was 65 years (range, 23-86); the median WBC was 146 × 10
9
/L (range, 100-687). Seventy-five (58%) patients had clinical leukostasis (CL).
FLT3
,
NPM1
, and
RAS
pathway mutations were detected in 63%, 45%, and 27% of patients, respectively. Cytoreduction consisted of hydroxyurea in 124 (96%) patients, cytarabine in 69 (54%), and leukapheresis in 31 (24%). The cumulative 4-week and 8-week mortality rates were 9% and 13%, respectively, all in patients age 65 years and older. By multivariate analysis, older age, CL, and thrombocytopenia <40 × 10
9
/L were independently associated with a higher 4-week mortality rate. After a median follow-up of 49.4 months, the median OS was 14.3 months (95% CI, 7 to 21.6), with 4-year OS of 29%. Age 65 years and older, CL, tumor lysis syndrome, elevated LDH ≥2,000 U/L, elevated lactate ≥2.2 mmol/L, and poor-risk cytogenetics were independent factors associated with worse OS.

CONCLUSION
Hyperleukocytosis is a life-threatening hematologic emergency. Early recognition and intervention including cytoreduction, blood product support, antibiotics, and renal replacement therapy may help mitigate the risk of morbidity and early mortality.