bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico investigation of acetylcholinesterase-insecticide interactions in Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles culicifacies using molecular docking
Authors: Sha Harish Chandra , Acharya Suvam , Sahu Bijayalaxmi , Barik Tapan Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Background & Objective:
Malaria remains a significant public health challenge globally, with an estimated 249 million cases reported across 85 endemic countries and regions in 2022, reflecting an increase of 5 million cases from the previous year. Anopheles mosquitoes are the primary vectors responsible for transmitting malaria parasites to humans, with Anopheles stephensi and An.culicifacies being major vectors in urban and rural areas of India, respectively. This study aimed to understand the molecular interactions between two commonly used insecticides, temephos (a larvicide) and malathion (an adulticide), with the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme of these mosquito species through molecular docking.

Methods:
The three-dimensional structures of AChE from An. stephensi and An. culicifacies were retrieved from the AlphaFold database, and the ligand structures of temephos and malathion were obtained from the PubChem database. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDockVina and AutoDockTools to evaluate the binding affinities and interactions between the insecticides and the target AChE enzymes.

Results:
The docking results revealed stable binding energies ranging from -6.1kcal/mol to - 6.5 kcal/mol for the interaction between temephos and An. stephensi-AChE, and -4.8kcal/mol to -4.9 kcal/mol for the interaction between malathion and An. culicifacies-AChE. Specific amino acid residue such as LYS 426, HIS 462, GLU 443, TRP 436 were found to be present between the binding site of these insecticides and respective AChE enzymes.

Interpretation & conclusion:
These findings provide valuable insights into the potential effectiveness of temephos and malathion as larvicide and adulticide against these major malaria vectors. By studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of AChE by these insecticides certain new synthetic insecticides can be developed having similar mode of action which could be effective in vector control. Further research is warranted to experimentally validate the docking predictions, optimize the chemical structures, assess potential ecological impacts, and monitor insecticide resistance patterns for the successful implementation of integrated vector management programs.
Quality of Life among Colostomy Patients in Najran, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshahrani Abdulaziz Saad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Colostomy surgery significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) of patients, encompassing physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. This study aimed to assess QoL among colostomy patients in Najran, Saudi Arabia, using the City of Hope Quality of Life-Ostomy Questionnaire (COH-QOL-OQ) Arabic version.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 73 colostomy patients at King Khaled Hospital. Demographic characteristics, colostomy-related factors, and QoL scores were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.

Results:
Participants aged 18–30 years reported higher physical QoL scores than older age groups. Marital status before colostomy, educational level, and body mass index significantly influenced psychological, social, and spiritual QoL domains. Fecal incontinence as a reason for colostomy was associated with lower psychological well-being scores. Notably, participants with “I do not know” as the type of colostomy reported higher spiritual QoL scores. The findings emphasize the intricate relationship between demographic and colostomy-related factors and QoL domains. These insights underscore the need for comprehensive care strategies, acknowledging the multidimensional nature of patients’ well-being.

Conclusion:
This study advances our understanding of QoL among colostomy patients in Saudi Arabia, offering insights for health-care professionals to develop more holistic care approaches. The findings illuminate the significance of multidimensional factors in shaping patients’ overall well-being, thus contributing to enhanced patient-centered care and improved QoL outcomes.
Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Intracranial and Extracranial Arterial Stenosis of Stroke Patients in the Southwestern Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqahtani Saeed A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Stroke is a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality, affecting populations worldwide, including the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. Intracranial arterial stenosis and extracranial arterial stenosis are recognized as common risk factors for stroke. The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intracranial and extracranial arterial stenosis among stroke patients residing in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia from January 2022 to December 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee. Data were collected through a comprehensive review of medical records, capturing demographic information, risk factors, stroke subtype, severity, comorbidities, and results of magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, and transcranial Doppler examinations. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:
In this study, 201 stroke patients were analyzed, with 113 (56.2%) males and 88 (43.8%) females. The prevalence of stenosis in stroke patients was 57.21%, with 63 patients having intracranial stenosis, 30 patients having extracranial stenosis, and 22 patients having both types of stenosis. Most intracranial stenosis cases exhibited 50%–69% stenosis, while extracranial stenosis cases were evenly distributed between 50%–69% and 100% stenosis. The presence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with stenosis (P values of 0.029, 0.005, 0.043, and 0.012, respectively). High glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and elevated triglyceride levels were also strongly correlated with stenosis (P values of 0.003 and 0.021, respectively).

Conclusion:
This study reveals a high prevalence (57.21%) of arterial stenosis in stroke patients in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia, with diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease significantly associated with stenosis. Elevated HbA1c and triglyceride levels were strongly correlated with stenosis, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive risk factor management and targeted interventions to reduce stroke burden.
Exploring the Antibacterial Effects of Indium and Myrrh against Clinical Bacterial Isolates
Authors: Alqahtani Abdulaziz , Asiri Ahmed Mufarah Ali , Mahzari Jaber Abdulrahman , Asiri Ibrahim Hassan , Aseeri Rahmah Ibrahim , Alshahrani Malak Saad , Alhammas Abdulrahman Mousa , Alshehri Saleh Ali , Alshahrani Atheer , Abudahish Abdulaziz , Alqahtani Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Objective:
Treatment of bacterial infections is becoming challenging due to the increased rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. MDR organisms exhibit high resistance to the available antibiotics. Searching for alternative antibacterial agents is very urgent. Natural compounds possess antibacterial activity and may be utilized to kill MDR bacteria. The aim of the current study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Myrrh extract and indium against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Materials and Methods:
The zone of inhibition assay (ZOI) was utilized to determine the killing activity of either myrrh or indium against 6 bacterial isolates. Micro-dilution method was then used to determine the MIC of indium.

Results:
Indium showed potent antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Myrrh extract exhibits toxic activity against only S. aureus. The rest of the tested isolates was resistant to myrrh extract. Using the broth micro-dilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration of indium was then determined for all the tested strains.

Conclusions:
Based on the results obtained from the present study, indium and myrrh extract possess potent antibacterial activities against several Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Those two compounds have the potential to serve as alternatives to antibiotics.
APPLICATION OF MENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY IN IMMUNO INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES. CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Паневин Т.С. , Карева Е.Н. 
Published: August 2024

Период пери- и постменопаузы характеризуется развитием множества социально значимых экстрагенитальных заболеваний, в том числе ревматических. Отмечена взаимосвязь между уровнем женских половых гормонов и активностью ревматических заболеваний. В настоящей публикации представлен клинический случай успешного применения менопаузальной гормонотерапии (МГТ) у пациентки с системной склеродермией (ССД). Показан рациональный подход к назначению МГТ с учетом оценки риска и выявления наличия возможных противопоказаний, а также возможного позитивного влияния МГТ и на течение ССД. Авторы не призывают назначать МГТ всем пациенткам с иммуновоспалительными ревматическими заболеваниями, однако ее применение при наличии реальных показаний может быть эффективно и безопасно.
The period of peri- and postmenopause is characterized by the development of many socially significant extragenital diseases, including rheumatic ones. A relationship has been noted between the level of female sex hormones and the activity of rheumatic diseases. This publication presents a clinical case of the successful use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in a patient with systemic scleroderma (SSc). A rational approach to prescribing MHT is shown, taking into account risk assessment and identifying the presence of possible contraindications, as well as the possible positive effect of MHT on the course of SSc. The authors do not call for prescribing MHT to all patients with immune-inflammatory rheumatic diseases, but its use in the presence of real indications can be effective and safe.
Anterior Urethral Rupture with Extravasation of Urine to Penis and Scrotum: A case report
Authors: Sutanto Setyo 
Published: August 2024

Urethral Trauma is a discontinuity of urethra which caused by external stress (pelvic fracture or straddle injury) or internal stress (catheter placement, urological procedures). There are several suitable techniques, including immediate exploration or urine diversion. The treatment used depend on the cause of the rupture, rupture length, as well as anatomical position of the rupture. A 46-year-old male suddenly presented with swollen penile and testicle after 1 day of hospitalization. One day before, patient suffers in high-speed motorcycle accident and sustains blunt trauma to the perineal area, hitting the handle bar of the motorcycle and brought to the emergency department. There was a palpable bladder distension during physical exam, with penis and scrotum enlargement. Laboratory findings show elevated WBC and elevated creatinine level. Urinalization test was within normal limit. Partial laceration found during urethroscopy approximately <1cm in size. Scrotal drainage and exploration are conducted due to scrotum being swollen progressively. There is uncertainty regarding these symptoms to be interpreted as a urethral injury because some of the classical symptoms are missing, although patient showed with palpable bladder distension. Due to the swollen penis and scrotum which are enlarged progressively, urethroscopy and scrotal exploration was performed. Small laceration on the bulbar area of the urethra is found, indicating anterior urethral rupture, the laceration is treated conservatively with the placement of transurethral catheter. Scrotal exploration then performed which pus and extravasation of urine is found within the scrotum. The precision on determining anterior urethral rupture as a diagnosis decides the management, prognosis and complication rate of anterior urethral rupture. Although, the initial urethral trauma management remains disputed, a bulbous urethral rupture with a complication of extravasation of urine into the penis and scrotum can be treated effectively with urine diversion and scrotal exploration
Urethral Rupture
Associação de aspectos genéticos com a evolução e severidade de pacientes com COVID-19
Authors: Vitor Perminio Carvalho Paulo , Carraro Eduardo de Castro Paula , Angelo Pinto de Souza Rafael , Maciel da Cunha Lopes Guilherme , Fernandes Portes Eduardo , Miranda Oliveira Caio , Camões Diógenes Gadelha Júlia , Escorsim Machado Daniel 
Published: August 2024

A COVID-19 foi responsável por uma das maiores pandemias da humanidade causando diversos óbitos. Neste artigo, analisamos a possibilidade de alguns genes terem associação com a severidade da doença e com a evolução clínica de pacientes infectados. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura por meio de pesquisa minuciosa em artigos científicos de bancos de dados Pubmed e Scielo, utilizando-se os descritores “ABO Blood-Group System” and “COVID-19”, "HLA-G Antigens" and “COVID-19”, "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2” and “COVID-19”, “Cathepsin B” and “COVID-19”, “Cathepsin L” and “COVID-19” e o Conceito Suplementar "TMPRSS2 protein, human" and “COVID-19” (6 buscas), todos com “Mesh Term” e filtrados por “Clinical Trial”; “Randomized Controlled Trial”; “Case Reports”; “Observational Study” dos últimos 5 anos. Foram obtidos 119 resultados no Pubmed e nenhum na Scielo, sendo selecionados 17 artigos. Os critérios de seleção dos artigos foram: artigos que apresentavam ligação de genes com agravo ou melhora do quadro clínico, artigos que continham a evolução da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 associada a fatores genéticos, artigos que não abordassem tratamentos. Nestes artigos, destacaram-se 6 genes (ACE2, TMPRSS2, CTSL, CTSB, HLA-DRB1, ABO) com forte associação aos agravos da doença. Em suma, concluiu-se que há evidência de associação entre os genes pesquisados e a virulência da COVID-19, entretanto é necessário que mais estudos sejam feitos para elucidar a interferência da expressão destes genes no processo fisiopatológico da doença, a fim de auxiliar na prevenção e terapêutica de possíveis populações geneticamente vulneráveis aos desfechos graves.
Ruptura metabólica
Authors: Glaeser Leina Maria 
Published: August 2024

Karl Marx, no mundo acadêmico, é frequentemente associado à teoria do materialismo histórico e à luta de classes. No entanto, há um conceito menos conhecido que Marx também explorou em suas obras: metabolismo. Embora muitos associem a palavra apenas a processos físicos de consumo e digestão, Marx adotou o conceito de “metabolismo” para descrever, primordialmente, o trabalho como um processo de interação entre o ser humano e a natureza. A natureza vista como o sustento vital da humanidade, que deve ser protegido, no qual, inclusive, o próprio ser humano está inserido enquanto parte constitutiva. Marx preocupou-se com as questões ambientais ao perceber que o ser humano está integrado à natureza e que o sistema capitalista estava degradando os recursos naturais a um simples instrumento em vista do lucro. Estudiosos da filosofia marxiana, por vezes, fazem referência ao metabolismo homem-natureza como um tema presente apenas na fase inicial do trabalho de Marx, especialmente nos Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos. Porém, estudiosos contemporâneos do pensamento marxista, como John Bellamy Foster e Kohei Saito, enfatizam que o referido conceito também é encontrado em outras obras, como nos Grundrisse, nos Cadernos de Londres e n’O capital. Foster, em seu livro A ecologia de Marx: materialismo e natureza, criou o conceito de “falha metabólica”, ao analisar a ruptura da conexão do ser humano com a natureza dentro do sistema capitalista, que explora recursos naturais e mão de obra de forma abusiva, ocasionando tanto o empobrecimento do solo como o adoecimento do trabalhador. Saito se aprofunda no tema, encontrando vieses ecológicos nas obras de Marx e citações do termo metabolismo em diversas partes d’O capital, como “metabolismo entre homem e natureza”, “metabolismo social” e “metabolismo da natureza”, contrariando analistas críticos da obra marxista, que dizem ter sido Marx antiecológico. O objetivo que norteia esta pesquisa é a análise dos conceitos de metabolismo entre homem e natureza, a partir de Marx, e a suposta falha, ou ruptura metabólica que, segundo Foster, teria sido causada pelo capitalismo. A abordagem do tema tem como base as obras A ecologia de Marx: materialismo e natureza (2005), de John Bellamy Foster e O ecossocialismo de Karl Mark: capitalismo, natureza e crítica inacabada à economia política (2021), de Kohei Saito. São leituras essenciais para compreender o pensamento de Karl Marx quanto à dissociação do ser humano da natureza, causada pelo sistema capitalista.
On the temperature stability requirements of free-running Nd:YAG lasers for atmospheric temperature profiling through the rotational Raman technique
Authors: Zenteno-Hernández José Alex , Comerón Adolfo , Dios Federico , Rodríguez-Gómez Alejandro , Muñoz-Porcar Constantino , Sicard Michaël , Franco Noemi , Behrendt Andreas , Di Girolamo Paolo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract. We assess the temperature stability requirements of unseeded Nd:YAG lasers in lidar systems for atmospheric temperature profiling through the rotational Raman technique. Taking as a reference a system using a seeded laser assumed to emit pulses of negligible spectral width and free of wavelength drifts, we estimate first the effect of the pulse spectral widening of the unseeded laser on the output of the interference filters, and then we derive the limits of the allowable wavelength drift for a given bias in the temperature measurement that would add to the noise-induced uncertainty. Finally, using spectroscopic data, we relate the allowable wavelength drift to allowable temperature variations in the YAG rod. We find that, in order to keep the bias affecting atmospheric temperature measurements smaller than 1 K, the Nd:YAG rod temperature should also be kept within a variation range of 1 K.
WORSHIP OF THE MASTER SPIRIT OF WATER IN THE YAKUTS' SHAMANIC FOLKLORE
Authors: Ефимова Л.С. , Миронова М.Т. 
Published: August 2024

В работе проанализированы тексты пяти камланий якутских шаманов двух региональных традиций, посвященных поклонению духу-хозяину воды. Использованы методы сравнительно-сопоставительного, структурносемантического анализа текстовых материалов, записанных И. А. Худяковым во второй половине XIX в. в Верхоянском округе, А. А. Поповым в начале XX в. в Вилюйском округе. Авторы приходят к выводу, что носители северной верхоянской и вилюйской региональных фольклорных традиций, расположенных далеко друг от друга в территориальном плане, одинаково поклонялись духам-хозяевам воды. Поклонение выражалось в аналогичных обрядовых действиях, в их вербальной части - в шаманских алгысах. В алгысах шаманы двух традиций обращались к одним и тем же адресатам - духам-хозяевам морей, озер, рек. Вилюйские якуты, живущие теперь далеко от моря, сохранили поклонение бай^ал иччитэ 'духу-хозяину моря', одному из ранних объектов поклонения только в шаманском фольклоре. Шаманские алгысы двух региональных традиций якутов имели одинаковые адресаты, аналогичную композиционную структуру.
The work analyzes the texts of five kamlanies (shamanistic rituals) of Yakut shamans of two regional traditions dedicated to the worship of the Master Spirit of Water. We used methods of comparative, structural and semantic analysis of text materials, recorded by I. A. Khudyakov in the second half of the 19th century in the Verkhoyansk District and by A. A. Popov in the early 20th century in the Vilyuisk District. It was concluded that the bearers of the northern Verkhoyansk and Vilyuisk regional folklore traditions, located far from each other geographically, worshipped the master spirits of water equally. Worship was expressed in similar ritual actions, in their verbal part - in shamanic algyses (thanking). In algyses, shamans of two traditions addressed the same addressees - the master spirits of the seas, lakes, and rivers. The Vilyuisk Yakuts, who now live far from the sea, have preserved the worship of Baikal Ichchite - the 'Master Spirit of the Sea' - one of the early objects of worship only in shamanic folklore. Shamanic algyses of the Yakuts' two regional traditions had the same addressees and a similar compositional structure.
أثر المنهج الدعوي في نشر الدعوة من خلال فعاليات كأس العالم 2022م
Authors: محمد صالح أحمد رجاء 
Published: August 2024

يعتبر كأس العالم من أهم المسابقات الرياضية لكرة القدم ، تحت إشراف الاتحاد الدولي لكرة القدم( فيفا). وتقام بطولة كأس العالم كل أربعة سنوات منذ عام 1930م . ما عدا بطولتي عام 1942 و 1964 م اللتين ألغيا بسبب الحرب العالمية الثانية .
يشارك في هذه المسابقات (32) منتخبا يتنافسون فيما بينهم علي اللقب الكبير ، تتأهل المنتخبات للبطولة عبر التصفيات القارية ، والبطولة تمثل فرصة رائعة للجماهير الذين يجمعهم شغفهم بالساحرة المستديرة .
وفي هذا العام 2022م أقيمت الفعالية بدولة قطر في الفترة من 20 نوفمبر الي 18 ديسمبر 2022م مما يجعلها أول بطولة كأس عالم تقام في الوطن العربي والعالم الإسلامي ، والنسخة الثانية التي تقام في قارة آسيا.
تقييم مضادات الميكروبات مضادات الأكسدة والمحتوى الكلي للفينولات لمستخلصات السنا سنا في السودان
Authors: Ali Mustafa Ahmed , A. A. Omer Haifa 
Published: August 2024

The objective of the present study was the assessment of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Senna italic., from n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. In addition, the total polyphenol, flavonoids and tannins contents of these extracts were determined and; were screened for their antimicrobial activity using cup diffusion assay against four standard strains of bacteria, two Gram-positive strains (Bacillus subtitles and Staphylococcus aurous), two Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungal strains (Aspergillums Niger and Candida barbicans). Antioxidant activity was screened using 2,2-Di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picryl-hydrazyl stable free radical (DPPH). Total polyphenol, flavonoids and tannins contents were determined by spectrophotometric assays. Generally, the results of antimicrobial activity showed that extracts of the plant exhibited better antifungal activity than antibacterial.