bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in a retrospective clinical, radiographic and histopathological study of 166 cystic jaw lesions
Authors: Therkildsen N.M. , Andersen K. , Blomlöf J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo assess specificity and sensitivity of the clinical and radiographic diagnoses of cystic jaw lesions in relation to the histology‐based final diagnoses, and evaluate characteristics of cystic jaw lesions treated in a university hospital over a 6‐year period.Material and MethodsRetrospective analyses of clinical, radiographic and histopathological records of 166 patients diagnosed with, and treated for, cystic jaw lesions at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital from 2005 to 2010.ResultsSpecificity was generally high for all cystic jaw lesions, but a low diagnostic sensitivity in relation to the keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT) was revealed. The radicular cyst, dentigerous cyst and KCOT were the most frequently observed cystic jaw lesions.ConclusionIn general, a high diagnostic specificity for all cystic jaw lesions was observed. A low diagnostic sensitivity for KCOT was revealed, which is the major reason why histology‐based final diagnoses should be regarded as the gold standard whenever KCOT is to be included in the differential diagnosis of cystic jaw lesions. Frequency of cystic jaw lesions in the present study was in agreement with previous studies.
Neurotoxicity of sedative and analgesia drugs in young infants with congenital heart disease: 4‐year follow‐up
Authors: Garcia Guerra Gonzalo , Robertson Charlene M.T. , Alton Gwen Y. , Joffe Ari R. , Cave Dominic A. , Yasmin Farzana , Dinu Irina A. , Creighton Dianne E. , Ross David B. , Rebeyka Ivan M. ,   Western Canadian Complex Pediatric Therapies Follow‐up Group
Published: October 2013

SummaryObjectives/AimTo determine whether sedation/analgesia drugs used before, during, and after infant cardiac surgery are associated with neurocognitive and functional outcomes.BackgroundSome animal models suggest neurotoxic effects of anesthetic drugs on the developing brain; however, potential human effects are unknown. Whether these results can be extrapolated to humans is unknown.Methods/MaterialsProspective follow‐up project of all infants ≤6 weeks old having surgery for congenital heart disease between 04/03 and 12/06. Demographic, perioperative, and sedation/analgesia variables were collected. Outcomes at kindergarten age were Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence‐III, Beery‐Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI‐V), and General Adaptive Composite (GAC) of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System‐II. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify predictor variables.ResultsFrom 135 infants who underwent heart surgery, 19 died, 17 were excluded, 8 were lost to follow‐up, leaving 91 children for analysis. Multiple linear regression found days on chloral hydrate [3.5 (3.7) days] was associated with lower performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) (Effect size −1.03; 95% CI −1.96, −0.10; P = 0.03), and cumulative dose [54.2 (60.3) mg·kg−1] of benzodiazepines was associated with lower VMI scores (Effect size −0.07; 95% CI −0.12, −0.01; P = 0.026). No other associations were found between sedation/analgesia variables and full‐scale IQ, PIQ, Verbal IQ, VMI, or GAC.ConclusionAssessment of this cohort at kindergarten age found a small statistically significant association between days on chloral hydrate and PIQ, and benzodiazepine cumulative dose and lower VMI. No other association between sedation/analgesia drugs and outcomes was found.
Co‐expression of Arabidopsis transcription factor, AtMYB12, and soybean isoflavone synthase, GmIFS1, genes in tobacco leads to enhanced biosynthesis of isoflavones and flavonols resulting in osteoprotective activity
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh , Misra Prashant , Khan Mohd P. , Swarnkar Gaurav , Tewari Mahesh C. , Bhambhani Sweta , Trivedi Ritu , Chattopadhyay Naibedya , Trivedi Prabodh K. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIsoflavones, a group of flavonoids, restricted almost exclusively to family Leguminosae are known to exhibit anticancerous and anti‐osteoporotic activities in animal systems and have been a target for metabolic engineering in commonly consumed food crops. Earlier efforts based on the expression of legume isoflavone synthase (IFS) genes in nonlegume plant species led to the limited success in terms of isoflavone content in transgenic tissue due to the limitation of substrate for IFS enzyme. In this work to overcome this limitation, the activation of multiple genes of flavonoid pathway using Arabidopsis transcription factor AtMYB12 has been carried out. We developed transgenic tobacco lines constitutively co‐expressing AtMYB12 and GmIFS1 (soybean IFS) genes or independently and carried out their phytochemical and molecular analyses. The leaves of co‐expressing transgenic lines were found to have elevated flavonol content along with the accumulation of substantial amount of genistein glycoconjugates being at the highest levels that could be engineered in tobacco leaves till date. Oestrogen‐deficient (ovariectomized, Ovx) mice fed with leaf extract from transgenic plant co‐expressing AtMYB12 and GmIFS1 but not wild‐type extract exhibited significant conservation of trabecular microarchitecture, reduced osteoclast number and expression of osteoclastogenic genes, higher total serum antioxidant levels and increased uterine oestrogenicity compared with Ovx mice treated with vehicle (control). The skeletal effect of the transgenic extract was comparable to oestrogen‐treated Ovx mice. Together, our results establish an efficient strategy for successful pathway engineering of isoflavones and other flavonoids in crop plants and provide a direct evidence of improved osteoprotective effect of transgenic plant extract.
Identification of pre‐ and posthaustorial resistance to rust (Uromyces viciae‐fabae) in lentil (Lens culinaris) germplasm
Authors: Rubiales Diego , Rojas‐Molina María M. , Sillero Josefina C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an important cool‐season legume that can be severely damaged by rust (Uromyces viciae‐fabae (Pers.) Schröt.) in many parts of the world. In this work, a collection of L. culinaris germplasm accessions was screened under growth chamber conditions for response to U. viciae‐fabae. Several sources of incomplete resistance have been identified, both of hypersensitive and of non‐hypersensitive nature. Incomplete hypersensitive resistance was due to a late‐acting host cell necrosis that resulted in an intermediate infection type (IT). Incomplete non‐hypersensitive resistance was due to a hampered cell penetration not associated with host cell necrosis, reducing the number of haustoria per colony and therefore hindering the growth of the colony and reducing and retarding disease development in spite of a high IT.
Evaluating troponin C from Psoroptes cuniculi as a diagnostic antigen for a dot‐ELISA assay to diagnose mite infestations in rabbits
Authors: Zheng W. , Zhang R. , Wu X. , Ren Y. , Nong X. , Gu X. , Wang S. , Peng X. , Yang G. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe mite Psoroptes cuniculi is globally widespread and has a serious impact on commercial rabbit breeding. In China, diagnosis of P. cuniculi is currently based on conventional clinical methods that entail numerous disadvantages, including their failure to diagnose subclinical infections. Hence, alternative measures are required, and dot‐ELISA is one of the most promising strategies. We cloned and expressed the recombinant P. cuniculi troponin C gene for use as a basis for novel dot‐ELISA assay to detect P. cuniculi infections in rabbits. This amplified sequence encoded a 153 amino acid protein of 17·6 kDa and theoretical pI 4·18 without signal peptide. The recombinant troponin C of P. cuniculi is an outer membrane protein and may also be a new P. cuniculi allergen. Results of dot‐ELISA test showed that this novel assay had more than 90% sensitivity but low specificity in distinguishing infections with P. cuniculi or Sarcoptic scabiei, despite very high agreement between observers (97–99%; κ values ranged from 0·95 to 0·98 for inter‐ and intra‐observer variability test). This study showed that this novel method, at present, lacks diagnostic utility. Therefore, although simple serological assays such as dot‐ELISA show great promise as diagnostic tools, we suggest that troponin C is not a suitable diagnostic antigen candidate.
Quantification and Metaphysical Discourse
Authors: Dieveney Patrick 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIt is common in metaphysical discourse to make claims like “Everything is self‐identical” in which “everything” is intended to range overeverything. This sort of “unrestricted” generality appears central to metaphysical discourse. But there is debate whether such generality, which appears to involve quantification over an all‐inclusive domain, is even meaningful. To address this concern,ShaughanLavine andVannMcGee supply competing accounts of the generality expressed by this use of “everything.”Iargue that, from the perspective of the metaphysician, neither of their proposals is entirely suitable. But their central insights, as well as their shortcomings, suggest an account which is suitable for metaphysical discourse, whatIcall “genuinely unrestricted quantification.” For while genuinely unrestricted quantification does not directly supply an account of the metaphysician's “everything,” it disentangles what are properly metaphysical issues from issues concerning how we ought to understand the quantifiers. It makes clear that whether the metaphysician's “everything” is meaningful cannot simply be resolved by supplying an appropriate account of our understanding of quantification. It depends on addressing certain substantive ontological questions.
Fine‐tuned ability to predict future competitive environment inAmbrosia artemisiifoliaseeds
Authors: Fenesi A , Albert Á‐J , Ruprecht E 
Published: October 2013

SummaryCompetition from native species is a key mechanism for biotic resistance to invasion. Accelerated germination to pre‐empt resources or delayed germination and induced dormancy until the next growing season are two alternative strategies for annual invasive plants to avoid the drawbacks of competition at the seed stage. InAmbrosia artemisiifolia, both of these tactics could theoretically increase its long‐term fitness. However, their relative importance has never been tested. We studied the germination pattern ofA. artemisiifoliaseeds in various competitive environments by experimentally modifying the life stage (seed, seedling, adult), density (low, high) and also the identity (intraspecific and 3 interspecific competitors) of neighbours in controlled conditions. When facing competition of seeds and seedlings at high densities or of particular identity,A. artemisiifoliaaccelerated its germination. In contrast,A. artemisiifoliafollowed a competition avoidance strategy in the presence of established adult heterospecific neighbours by delaying germination and reducing the germination fraction through induction of secondary dormancy. By testing the seedlings' performance in the same competition situations as those of seeds, we showed that the germination responses were beneficial in the case of heterospecific, but not of conspecific neighbours.
Prediction of Pressure Drop of Various Refrigerants During Condensation in Horizontal Smooth and Micro-Fin Tubes by Means of Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Balcilar Muhammet , Dalkiliç Ahmet Selim , Atayılmaz Şevket Özgür , Demir Hakan , Wongwises Somchai 
Published: October 2013

The predictions of condensation pressure drops of R12, R22, R32, R125, R410A, R134a, R22, R502 and R507a flowing inside various horizontal smooth and micro-fin tubes are made using the numerical techniques of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and non-linear least squares (NLS). The National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST) experimental data and, Eckels’ and Pate’s experimental data, as presented in Choi et al.’s study provided by NIST, are used in our analyses.
In their experimental setups, the horizontal test sections have 1.587 m, 3.78 m, 3.81 m and 3.97 m long countercurrent flow double tube heat exchangers with refrigerant flowing in the inner smooth (8 mm, 8.01 mm and 11.1 mm i.d.) and micro-fin (5.45 mm and 7.43 mm i.d.) copper tubes as cooling water flows in the annulus. Their test runs cover a wide range of saturation pressures from 0.9 MPa to 2.9 MPa, inlet vapor qualities range from 0.19 to 1.0 and mass fluxes are from 8 kg m−2s−1 to 791 kg m−2s−1. The condensation pressure drops are predicted using 673 measured data points, together with numerical analyses of artificial neural networks and non-linear least squares.
The input of the ANNs for the best correlation are the measured and the values of the test sections are calculated, such as mass flux, tube length, inlet and outlet vapor qualities, critical pressure, latent heat of condensation, mass fraction of liquid and vapor phases, dynamic viscosities of liquid and vapor phases, hydraulic diameter, two-phase density, and the outputs of the ANNs as the experimental total pressure drops in the condensation data from independent laboratories. The total pressure drops of in-tube condensation tests are modeled using the artificial neural networks (ANNs) method of multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with a 12-40-1 architecture.
The average error rate is 7.085%, considering the cross validation tests of the 867 condensation data points. A detailed model of f(MLP) is given for direct use in MATLAB. This explanation will enable users to predict the two-phase pressure drop with high accuracy. As a result of the dependency analyses, dependency of the output of the ANNs from 12 sets of input values is shown in detail, and the pressure drops of condensation in smooth and micro-fin tubes are found to be highly dependent on mass flux, all liquid Reynolds numbers, the latent heat of condensation, outlet vapor quality, critical pressure of the refrigerant, liquid dynamic viscosity, and tube length. New ANNs based empirical pressure drop correlations are developed separately for the conditions of condensation in smooth and micro-fin tubes as a result of the analyses.
Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Think Pyramids
Authors: Khalil Essam E. 
Published: October 2013

The developing communities in their path for rapid development is endeavoring to make all necessary and appropriate measures to enhance the efficiency of energy utilization and increase the beneficiation of the energy resources. The energy production, transmission, distribution and utilization efficiency becomes a vital factor and measure of national development. Governmental organizations were established earlier to be responsible for energy planning and efficient utilization, information dissemination and capacity building as well as devising the necessary codes and standards. Throughout the Nation, energy resources are widely used and consumption rates are in general exceeding the International accepted values. Energy rationalization and audit exercises were developed and monitored by Governmental Authorities, Universities and Research centers through the past two decades with a definitive positive energy reduction and beneficiation. The development of the relevant codes for Residential and Commercial Energy Efficiency in buildings is underway through the governmental bodies responsible for the research and development in the building Technology sector and is the umbrella under which the National and Unified Arab Codes are developed and issued. A proposed new Energy Performance in Buildings Directive (EPBD) would fulfill the following main targets of energy performance directive:
1. “Legestilative authorities shall ensure that, when buildings are constructed, sold or rented out, an energy performance certificate is made available to the owner or by the owner to the prospective buyer or tenant, as the case might be. …
2. The energy performance certificate for buildings shall include reference values such as currant legal standards and benchmarks in order to make it possible for consumers to compare and assess the energy performance of the building. The certificate shall be accompanied by recommendations for cost-effective improvement of the energy performance…” The following steps shall be required for the energy certification:
1. Develop methodologies for energy declaration of the buildings.
2. Develop reference values (key numbers) and /or systems for benchmarking.
3. Provide a labeling system for selected buildings.
4. Describe an energy signature for the building.
Evaluating Model Uncertainty Based on Probabilistic Analysis and Component Output Uncertainty Descriptions
Authors: Carlsson Magnus , Gavel Hampus , Ölvander Johan 
Published: October 2013

To support early model validation, this paper describes a method utilizing information obtained from the common practice component level validation to assess uncertainties on model top level. Initiated in previous research, a generic output uncertainty description component, intended for power-port based simulation models of physical systems, has been implemented in Modelica. A set of model components has been extended with the generic output uncertainty description, and the concept of using component level output uncertainty to assess model top level uncertainty has been applied on a simulation model of a radar liquid cooling system. The focus of this paper is on investigating the applicability of combining the output uncertainty method with probabilistic techniques, not only to provide upper and lower bounds on model uncertainties but also to accompany the uncertainties with estimated probabilities.
It is shown that the method may result in a significant improvement in the conditions for conducting an assessment of model uncertainties. The primary use of the method, in combination with either deterministic or probabilistic techniques, is in the early development phases when system level measurement data are scarce. The method may also be used to point out which model components contribute most to the uncertainty on model top level. Such information can be used to concentrate physical testing activities to areas where it is needed most. In this context, the method supports the concept of Virtual Testing.
Surface Topography Evolution During Long-Run Micro-Stamping of Bipolar Plates (BPPs) and Effects on Corrosion and Contact Resistance Characteristics
Authors: Peker M. F. , Cora Ö. N. , Koç M. 
Published: October 2013

Micro-stamping, as a promising sheet metal forming process for mass production of small parts, can meet the expectations such as durability, strength, surface finish, and low cost for miniaturized metal products and features. The purpose of this research was set to investigate surface interactions during mass manufacturing of micro-stamped sheets, and its consequences; then establish correlations (if any) between surface interactions vs. corrosion and contact resistance of bipolar plates (BPPs) to be used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC).
In experimental part of this study, 10,000 SS316L sheet blanks were micro-stamped using a stamping die set with 750 μm-deep micro-channels under 200 kN stamping force, and with a constant stamping speed of 1mm/s. Surface inspections (surface roughness and micro-channel height measurements), corrosion and contact resistance tests were carried out on BPPs. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique was utilized to investigate the significance of surface roughness, channel heights, corrosion and contact resistance variations for BPPs. Moreover, three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of micro-stamping process were established to approximate the stress and strain levels as well as coefficient of friction value experienced at contact interface.
The results revealed that the roughness values for micro-stamping dies and BPPs followed similar trends during 10,000 micro-stampings. Since surface defects trigger corrosion, the correlation between surface roughness and corrosion resistance of BPPs was found to be direct. Increasing number of surface irregularities (asperities) lowered contact surface area that resulted in increased contact resistance. Finally, comparison of experimental and numerical channel height values showed that the coefficient of friction did not change considerably during the mass production of BPPs, at least within the 10,000 stamping cycle.
Bolt Bearing Strength of Commingled Boron/Glass Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Laminates
Authors: Yeh P. C. , Chang P. Y. , Yang J. M. , Wu P. H. , Liu M. C. 
Published: October 2013

The bearing properties of recently developed hybrid fiber/metal laminates, or COmmingled Boron/glass fiber Reinforced Aluminum laminates (COBRA), are investigated in this study. The bolt-type bearing tests on GLass REinforced aluminum laminates (GLARE), non-commingled hybrid boron/glass/aluminum fiber/metal laminates (HFML) and COBRA were carried out as a function of e/D ratio, metal volume fraction, fiber volume fraction, and fiber orientation.
Experimental results show that with the same joint geometry and metal volume fraction, the commingling of boron fibers improves the bearing strength of fiber/metal laminates. The bearing strength of COBRA with longitudinal fibers is lower than that with transverse fibers due to the fact that shearout failure takes place before maximum bearing strength is reached. The experimental results show that, with only either transverse fiber orientation or longitudinal fiber orientation, COBRA with 18% boron fiber volume fraction possesses a higher bearing strength when compared to HFML with 6% boron fiber volume fraction. In addition to the properties in COBRA with parallel-plies commingled prepreg, the bearing properties of various COBRA with [0°/90°] and [0°/90°/90°/0°] cross-ply commingled prepregs are also discussed.