bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of the five‐item mental health inventory for screening current mood and anxiety disorders in the general population
Authors: Ten Have Margreet , Van Bon‐Martens Marja J. H. , Schouten Frederiek , Van Dorsselaer Saskia , Shields‐Zeeman Laura , Luik Annemarie I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe Mental Health Inventory (MHI‐5) is frequently used as a screener for mood and anxiety disorders. However, few population‐based studies have validated it against a diagnostic instrument assessing disorders following current diagnostic criteria.MethodsWithin the third Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS‐3), a representative population‐based study of adults (N = 6194; age: 18–75 years), the MHI‐5 was used to measure general mental ill‐health in the past month. Presence of mood (major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, or bipolar disorder) and anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, or generalized anxiety disorder) in the past month was assessed with a slightly modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders‐5.ResultsThe MHI‐5 was good to excellent at distinguishing people with and without a mood disorder, an anxiety disorder, and any mood or anxiety disorder. The cut‐off value associated with the highest sensitivity and highest specificity for mood disorder was ≤68, and ≤76 for an anxiety disorder or any mood or anxiety disorder.ConclusionsThe MHI‐5 can identify individuals at high risk of a current mood or anxiety disorder in the general population when diagnostic interviews are too time consuming.
Elastoplastic constitutive model for overconsolidated clays with an advanced dilatancy relation
Authors: Chen Kehao , Pang Rui , Xu Bin , Wang Xingliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe dilatancy behavior of overconsolidated (OC) clays is a key factor in determining their strength and deformation characteristics. Recognizing the limitations of previous dilatancy relations for OC clays, a novel dilatancy relation is proposed that can effectively capture the changes in dilatancy point, volume dilatancy and contraction with the overconsolidation ratio (OCR). As OC clays revert to the normally consolidated (NC) state, the proposed dilatancy relation smoothly transitions to that of the modified Cam‐clay (MCC) model, ensuring a unified description of the dilatancy relation between OC and NC clays. The dilatancy relation can be easily incorporated into the constitutive model of different theoretical frameworks. Subsequently, this advanced dilatancy relation is integrated into a new elastoplastic constitutive model for OC clays within the framework of bounding surface and generalized plasticity theory. The validity of the proposed model is confirmed through drained triaxial compression and extension, undrained triaxial compression and extension, as well as complex stress path tests for clays with various OCRs, and the simulation results of the proposed model are compared with those of the SANICLAY model. The comparative analysis demonstrate that the model performs well in simulating the behavior of OC clays.
A projection‐based quaternion discretization of the geometrically exact beam model
Authors: Wasmer Paul , Betsch Peter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the present work the geometrically exact beam model is formulated in terms of unit quaternions. A projection‐based discretization approach is proposed which is based on a normalization of the quaternion approximation. The discretization relies on NURBS shape functions and, alternatively, on Lagrangian interpolation. The redundancy of the quaternions is resolved by applying the method of Lagrange multipliers. In a second step the Lagrange multipliers are eliminated circumventing the need to solve saddle point systems. The resulting finite elements retain the objectivity of the underlying beam formulation. Optimal rates of convergence are observed in representative numerical examples.
A project‐based learning mode for science students: Fluorescent protein expression in trypanosomes
Authors: Mosquillo María Florencia , Scalese Gonzalo , Castro Felipe , Pérez‐Díaz Leticia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn effective, practical approach for incorporating molecular biology tools to biology and biochemistry students is described. For 6 weeks, students are exposed to bacterial transformation, plasmid DNA purification and analysis, parasite transfection, ectopic expression of fluorescent proteins, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry analysis. This research‐oriented laboratory course delves into theoretical and practical concepts of basic techniques in molecular biology to emphasize the logical connections between the obtained results and the resolution of problems that arise daily in a research laboratory, training the students in planning, conducting, discussing, and presenting their own experiments and results.
Enhanced mechanical and interfacial performances of carbon fiber reinforced composites with low percentage of amine functionalized graphene
Authors: Choudhury Debendra Nath , Pareta Ashish Singh , Rajesh A. K. , Panda S. K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper reports improvement in the tensile, flexural and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) properties of ADG‐NH2/Epoxy/CFRP composites at low filler content. Five symmetrical CFRP composite laminates were prepared through wet layup process assisted by vacuum bagging technique with varying wt% proportions (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) of ADG‐NH2/Epoxy. Tensile tests, short beam shear test and flexural tests were carried out as per ASTM D3039, ASTM D2344 and ASTM 790‐10 respectively to assess the effect of the ADG‐NH2 functionalized nano additives on their mechanical properties. The variation in ILSS were studied for varying temperatures (room temperature, 35, 50, 75, 85, & 100°C for each type of ADG‐NH2/Epoxy wt% (neat, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 & 1)) of ADG‐NH2/Epoxy/CFRP composites. The ILSS was enhanced up to ∼27% for 0.5 wt% of ADG‐NH2 reinforced CFRP at room temperature but reduced with the higher concentrations (0.75 wt% & 1 wt%). It was observed that ILSS reduced with gradual temperature variations up to 100°C w.r.t room temperature. But an increment was observed up to 0.5 wt% for ADG‐NH2 for all temperature. Form the test results, it has been recorded an improvement in mechanical properties that is, the elastic modulus by ∼18%, ultimate tensile strength by ∼21%, % elongation at break by∼19% and toughness by∼28% for the 0.5 wt% of ADG‐NH2 graphene nano additive reinforced CFRP composite laminates as compared to neat epoxy CFRP laminates. Results also show the augmentation in the Max load by ∼24%, flexural strength by ∼33%, flexural modulus by ∼43%, and flexural strain by ∼26% were observed for the 0.5 wt% of ADG‐NH2 graphene nano additive reinforced CFRP composite laminates as compared to neat epoxy CFRP composite laminates. Fractographic studies of fractured surface using SEM analyses shows better adhesion mechanisms which supports the augmentation in mechanical properties with addition of amine functionalized graphene to CFRP laminate.Highlights
Reinforcement of amine functionalized (ADG‐NH2) graphene in the epoxy matrix and incorporation with carbon fibers to enhance the interfacial and flexural properties.
Evaluation of temperature effects on interlaminar shear strength properties of amine functionalized CFRP composites
Improvements in tensile, ILSS and flexural properties observed for a low percentage (0.5 wt%) of ADG‐NH2 graphene reinforced CFRP composite laminates.
Use of aerospace grade epoxy and resin with amine functionalized graphene for further use in aerospace industry applications.
Optimized lung expansion ventilation modulates ventilation‐induced lung injury in preterm lambs
Authors: Brokken Tim , Hütten Matthias C. , Ophelders Daan R. M. G. , van Gorp Charlotte , Wolfs Tim G. A. M. , Wald Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionPreterm infants close to viability commonly require mechanical ventilation (MV) for respiratory distress syndrome. Despite commonly used lung‐sparing ventilation techniques, rapid lung expansion during MV induces lung injury, a risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This study investigates whether ventilation with optimized lung expansion is feasible and whether it can further minimize lung injury. Therefore, optimized lung expansion ventilation (OLEV) was compared to conventional volume targeted ventilation.MethodsTwenty preterm lambs were surgically delivered after 132 days of gestation. Nine animals were randomized to receive OLEV for 24 h, and seven received standard MV. Four unventilated animals served as controls (NV). Lungs were sampled for histological analysis at the end of the experimental period.ResultsVentilation with OLEV was feasible, resulting in a significantly higher mean ventilation pressure (0.7–1.3 mbar). Temporary differences in oxygenation between OLEV and MV did not reach clinically relevant levels. Ventilation in general tended to result in higher lung injury scores compared to NV, without differences between OLEV and MV. While pro‐inflammatory tumor necrosis factor‐α messenger RNA (mRNA) levels increased in both ventilation groups compared to NV, only animals in the MV group showed a higher number of CD45‐positive cells in the lung. In contrast, mean (standard deviations) surfactant protein‐B mRNA levels were significantly lower in OLEV, 0.63 (0.38) compared to NV 1.03 (0.32) (p = .023, one‐way analysis of variance).ConclusionIn conclusion, a small reduction in pulmonary inflammation after 24 h of support with OLEV suggests potential to reduce preterm lung injury.
Long‐term lung function follow‐up of preterm infants less than 32 weeks of gestational age
Authors: Merino‐Hernández Amaia , Muñoz‐Cutillas Agustin , Ramos‐Navarro Cristina , Bellón‐Alonso Sara , Rodríguez‐Cimadevilla Juan Luis , González‐Pacheco Noelia , Rodríguez‐Fernández Rosa , Sánchez‐Luna Manuel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPreterm infants, particularly those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), are at risk of lung development problems. Over the last decades, lung protective strategies have been used, decreasing the risk of chronic lung disease.ObjectiveTo evaluate the pulmonary function test (PFT) of preterm infants born after the introduction of lung protective strategies and to assess perinatal determinants of impaired lung function in this population.MethodsA prospective, observational, single‐center study was conducted in the neonatal unit of a high‐complexity hospital. The study included newborns with less than 32 weeks gestational age born between 2012 and 2014, who were followed up until they reach school age. For the main outcome, two groups were stablished: no BPD or grade 1 BPD (no BPD/1) and grade 2 or 3 BPD (BPD 2/3).ResultsOut of 327 patients, 116 were included. BPD was diagnosed in 49.1% (47), with 50.9% (29) classified as grade 1, 35.1% (20) as grade 2, and 14.0% (8) as grade 3. Mean age at PFT was 8.59 years (SD 0.90). Mean FEV1% was 95.36% (SD 13.21) and FEV1 z‐score −0.36 (SD 1.12); FVC% 97.53% (SD 12.59) and FVC z‐score −0.20 (SD 1.06); FEV1/FVC ratio 85.84% (SD 8.34) and z‐score −0.24 (SD 1.34). When comparing patients with no BPD/1 and BPD 2/3, we observed differences in all pulmonary function parameters, which persisted after adjusting for gestational age. No differences in PFT were observed between patients without BPD and those with grade 1 BPD. Most patients (76.7%, 89) had normal spirometry pattern, with obstructive pattern observed in 12.9% (15), restrictive pattern in 9.5% (11), and mixed pattern in 0.9% (1) of patients.ConclusionPreterm infants with BPD 2/3 showed a decrease in all pulmonary function parameters compared to preterm infants with no BPD/1; an effect that was independent of gestational age. Among patients with BPD who had an altered PFT pattern, the most common pattern was obstructive, followed by restrictive and then, mixed.
Futility Interim Analysis Based on Probability of Success Using a Surrogate Endpoint
Authors: Fougeray Ronan , Vidot Loïck , Ratta Marco , Teng Zhaoyang , Skanji Donia , Saint‐Hilary Gaëlle 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIn clinical trials with time‐to‐event data, the evaluation of treatment efficacy can be a long and complex process, especially when considering long‐term primary endpoints. Using surrogate endpoints to correlate the primary endpoint has become a common practice to accelerate decision‐making. Moreover, the ethical need to minimize sample size and the practical need to optimize available resources have encouraged the scientific community to develop methodologies that leverage historical data. Relying on the general theory of group sequential design and using a Bayesian framework, the methodology described in this paper exploits a documented historical relationship between a clinical “final” endpoint and a surrogate endpoint to build an informative prior for the primary endpoint, using surrogate data from an early interim analysis of the clinical trial. The predictive probability of success of the trial is then used to define a futility‐stopping rule. The methodology demonstrates substantial enhancements in trial operating characteristics when there is a good agreement between current and historical data. Furthermore, incorporating a robust approach that combines the surrogate prior with a vague component mitigates the impact of the minor prior‐data conflicts while maintaining acceptable performance even in the presence of significant prior‐data conflicts. The proposed methodology was applied to design a Phase III clinical trial in metastatic colorectal cancer, with overall survival as the primary endpoint and progression‐free survival as the surrogate endpoint.
Investigating the role of tropical and extratropical waves in the Hadley circulation via present‐day Earth‐like to globally uniform sea‐surface temperature forcing
Authors: Thakur A.B.S. , Sukhatme Jai , Harnik Nili 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe tropical overturning circulation is examined in a moist aquaplanet general circulation model forced using a non‐interactive sea‐surface temperature (SST) distribution that varies between a present‐day Earth‐like profile and one that is globally uniform. A Hadley cell (HC)‐like flow is observed in all experiments along with the poleward transport of heat and angular momentum. In simulations with non‐zero SST gradients, deep convection near the Equator sets up a deep tropical cell; midlatitude baroclinic Rossby waves flux heat and angular momentum poleward, reinforcing the thermally direct circulation. As the imposed SST gradient is weakened, the HC transitions from a thermally and eddy‐driven regime to one that is completely eddy‐driven. When the SST is globally uniform, equatorial waves concentrate precipitation in the Tropics and facilitate the lower‐level convergence necessary for the ascending branch of the HC. Midlatitude Rossby waves generated near the surface become very weak, but upper‐level baroclinicity generates waves that cause equatorward transport of heat and poleward transport of momentum. Moreover, these upper‐level waves induce a circulation that opposes the time‐mean HC, thus highlighting the role of tropical waves in driving an overturning circulation that looks similar to the present‐day Earth‐like case, even for the case with globally uniform SSTs. In all cases, anomalies associated with the tropical waves closely resemble those that sum to give the upper‐level zonal mean divergent outflow. Through their ability to modulate tropical rainfall and the related latent heating, equatorial waves cause considerable hemispheric asymmetry in the HC and impart synoptic and intraseasonal variability to the tropical overturning circulation.
Single‐cell gene regulatory network analysis for mixed cell populations
Authors: Tang Junjie , Wang Changhu , Xiao Feiyi , Xi Ruibin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGene regulatory network (GRN) refers to the complex network formed by regulatory interactions between genes in living cells. In this paper, we consider inferring GRNs in single cells based on single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data. In scRNA‐seq, single cells are often profiled from mixed populations, and their cell identities are unknown. A common practice for single‐cell GRN analysis is to first cluster the cells and infer GRNs for every cluster separately. However, this two‐step procedure ignores uncertainty in the clustering step and thus could lead to inaccurate estimation of the networks. Here, we consider the mixture Poisson log‐normal model (MPLN) for network inference of count data from mixed populations. The precision matrices of the MPLN are the GRNs of different cell types. To avoid the intractable optimization of the MPLN’s log‐likelihood, we develop an algorithm called variational mixture Poisson log‐normal (VMPLN) to jointly estimate the GRNs of different cell types based on the variational inference method. We compare VMPLN with state‐of‐the‐art single‐cell regulatory network inference methods. Comprehensive simulation shows that VMPLN achieves better performance, especially in scenarios where different cell types have a high mixing degree. Benchmarking on real scRNA‐seq data also demonstrates that VMPLN can provide more accurate network estimation in most cases. Finally, we apply VMPLN to a large scRNA‐seq dataset from patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and find that VMPLN identifies critical differences in regulatory networks in immune cells between patients with moderate and severe symptoms. The source codes are available on the GitHub website (github.com/XiDsLab/SCVMPLN).
Fixed‐time event‐dependent intermittent control for reaction‐diffusion systems
Authors: Hu Xiaofang , Wang Leimin , Zong Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the fixed‐time stabilization (FxTS) problem for reaction‐diffusion systems (RDSs). First, this article designs a fixed‐time event‐dependent intermittent control strategy by introducing four nonlinear functions. The switching of the controller between the working and resting phases is no longer time‐dependent, avoiding the relatively stringent constraint on the control ratio in the existing studies of FxTS based on discontinuous‐time control. Under the presented event‐dependent intermittent control strategy, RDSs can be stabilized within a fixed time and the settling time can be estimated as the zero point of the pre‐defined nonlinear function. In contrast to the existing estimation methods, the estimation method of this article is more universal and less conservative. Moreover, this article derives several generalized stabilization criteria for RDSs under event‐dependent intermittent control employing the Lyapunov method and mathematical induction. Finally, an example is given to clarify the validity of the fixed‐time control strategy and the FxTS criteria.
Composite continuous fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode trajectory tracking control for Mars entry vehicle
Authors: Li Ting , Zhao Zhenhua , Ding Shihong 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThis paper presents a composite continuous fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode (CCFNTSM) trajectory tracking control method for Mars entry vehicle. Firstly, the trajectory tracking is transferred into the tracking of the pre‐designed drag acceleration. Secondly, the finite‐time disturbance observer (FTDO) is introduced to estimate the matched and mismatched disturbances. And then, the dynamical fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode manifold is designed based on the estimation information. Finally, the CCFNTSM controller is constructed and its continuity is guaranteed by employing the power function of sliding variable to replace the constant switching gain. Numerical simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Highly Crystalline Multivariate Prussian Blue Analogs via Equilibrium Chelation Strategy for Stable and Fast Charging Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yichao , Liu Jiahe , Jiang Ning , Yang Jianhua , Yang Cheng , Liu Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrussian blue analogs (PBAs) have been widely recognized as superior cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to numerous merits. However, originating from the rapid crystal growth, PBAs still suffer from considerable vacancy defects and interstitial water, making the preparation of long‐cycle‐life PBAs the greatest challenge for its practical application. Herein, a novel equilibrium chelation strategy is first proposed to synthesize a high crystallinity (94.7%) PBAs, which is realized by modulating the chelating potency of strong chelating agents via “acid effect” to achieve a moderate chelating effect, forcefully breaking through the bottleneck of poor cyclic stability for PBAs cathodes. Impressively, the as‐prepared highly crystalline PBAs represent an unprecedented level of electrochemical performance including ultra‐long lifespan (10000 cycles with 86.32% capacity maintenance at 6 A g−1), excellent rate capability (82.0 mAh g−1 at 6 A g−1). Meanwhile, by pairing with commercial hard carbon, the as‐prepared PBAs‐based SIBs exhibit high energy density (350 Wh kg−1) and excellent capacity retention (82.4% after 1500 cycles), highlighting its promising potential for large‐scale energy storage applications.
Optimizing Crystal Orientation and Defect Mitigation in Antimony Selenide Thin‐Film Solar Cells through Buffer Layer Energy Band Adjustment
Authors: Yang Yusheng , Zhang Tingyu , Zhu Hongcheng , Geng Kangjun , Huang Shan , Shen Bangzhi , Dong Boning , Zhang Shuai , Gu Ding , Jiang Sai , Yan Yan , Guo Huafei , Qiu Jianhua , Li LvZhou , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAntimony selenide (Sb2Se3) has sparked significant interest in high‐efficiency photovoltaic applications due to its advantageous material and optoelectronic properties. In recent years, there has been considerable development in this area. Nonetheless, defects and suboptimal [hk0] crystal orientation expressively limit further device efficiency enhancement. This study used Zinc (Zn) to adjust the interfacial energy band and strengthen carrier transport. For the first time, it is discovered that the diffusion of Zn in the cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer can affect the crystalline orientation of the Sb2Se3 thin films in the superstrate structure. The effect of Zn diffusion on the morphology of Sb2Se3 thin films with CdxZn1‐xS buffer layer has been investigated in detail. Additionally, Zn doping promotes forming Sb2Se3 thin films with the desired [hk1] orientation, resulting in denser and larger grain sizes which will eventually regulate the defect density. Finally, based on the energy band structure and high‐quality Sb2Se3 thin films, this study achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.76%, with a VOC of 458 mV, a JSC of 28.13 mA cm−2, and an FF of 67.85%. Overall, this study explores the growth mechanism of Sb2Se3 thin films, which can lead to further improvements in the efficiency of Sb2Se3 solar cells.