bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Physical Activity Patterns With Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Events in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Hormazábal-Aguayo Ignacio , Huerta-Uribe Nidia , Muñoz-Pardeza Jacinto , Ezzatvar Yasmin , Izquierdo Mikel , García-Hermoso Antonio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study sought to elucidate the interactions among physical activity (PA) patterns, mean glucose concentrations, and the incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia events in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, examining the moderating influence of daily dosage on these associations.

Methods
Eighty-two participants aged 6 to 18 years (43.9% girls) from the Diactive-1 Cohort Study, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, were included. Data collection involved continuous glucose monitoring, accelerometry to assess real-world PA, as well as documentation of daily insulin doses and carbohydrate counting over the same 7 days.

Results
A total of 19 participants experienced at least 1 nocturnal hypoglycemia event over a span of 574 measurement days (106 days with and 451 days without nocturnal hypoglycemia). Higher levels of vigorous PA (VPA) were associated with lower same-day mean glucose levels (P = .014). Additionally, higher levels of moderate PA (P = .023), VPA (P = .011), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (P = .010) were associated with a greater number of nocturnal hypoglycemia events. Specifically, a significant association was identified between VPA and nocturnal hypoglycemia events when the daily insulin dose was at or above 1.04 units per kilogram of body weight per day (P = .016).

Conclusion
Daily VPA is associated with glucose reductions, potentially leading to more hypoglycemic episodes, particularly when there is an excess of daily insulin. This highlights the need for careful insulin management in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes engaging in VPA.
Gut-specific Neprilysin Deletion Protects Against Fat-induced Insulin Secretory Dysfunction in Male Mice
Authors: Esser Nathalie , Mongovin Stephen M , Barrow Breanne M , Zraika Sakeneh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Neprilysin is a ubiquitous peptidase that can modulate glucose homeostasis by cleaving insulinotropic peptides. While global deletion of neprilysin protects mice against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin secretory dysfunction, strategies to ablate neprilysin in a tissue-specific manner are favored to limit off-target effects. Since insulinotropic peptides are produced in the gut, we sought to determine whether gut-specific neprilysin deletion confers beneficial effects on insulin secretion similar to that of global neprilysin deletion in mice fed a HFD. Mice with conditional deletion of neprilysin in enterocytes (NEPGut−/−) were generated by crossing Vil-Cre and floxed neprilysin mice. Neprilysin activity was almost abolished throughout the gut in NEPGut−/− mice, and was similar in plasma, pancreas, and kidney in NEPGut−/− vs control mice. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at baseline and following 14 weeks of HFD feeding, during which glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were assessed. Despite similar body weight gain at 14 weeks, NEPGut−/− displayed lower fasting plasma glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, and increased GSIS compared to control mice. In conclusion, gut-specific neprilysin deletion recapitulates the enhanced GSIS seen with global neprilysin deletion in HFD-fed mice. Thus, strategies to inhibit neprilysin specifically in the gut may protect against fat-induced glucose intolerance and beta-cell dysfunction.
Use of Patient-Specific Interbody Cages Through a Minimally Invasive Lateral Approach for Unstable Lumbar Spondylodiskitis
Authors: Yen Chun-Po , Ben-Israel David , Desai Bhargav , Vollmer Dennis , Shaffrey Mark E. , Smith Justin S. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Patients with diskitis/osteomyelitis who do not respond to medical treatment or develop spinal instability/deformity may warrant surgical intervention. Irregular bony destruction due to the infection can pose a challenge for spinal reconstruction. The authors report a lateral approach using patient-specific interbody cages combined with posterior or lateral instrumentation to achieve spinal reconstruction for spinal instability/deformity from spondylodiskitis.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective review of 4 cases undergoing debridement, lateral lumbar interbody fusion using patient-specific interbody cages, and supplemental lateral or posterior instrumentation for spinal instability/deformity after spondylodiskitis. The surgical technique is reported, as are the clinical and imaging outcomes.

RESULTS:
Four male patients with a mean age of 69 years comprised this study. One had lateral lumbar interbody fusion at L2/3 and 3 at L4/5. The mean hospital stay was 5.8 days. The mean follow-up was 8.5 months (range 6-12 months). There were no approach-related neurological injuries or complications. The mean visual analog scale back pain scores improved from 9.5 to 1.5, and the mean Oswestry disability index improved from 68.5 to 23 at the end of the follow-up. The mean lumbar lordosis increased from 18° to 51°. The segmental angle increased from 6.5° to 18°. The coronal shift was 2.8 cm preoperatively and 0.9 cm postoperatively. The coronal Cobb angle reduced from 8.8° preoperatively to 2.8° postoperatively. On postoperative computed tomography, all patients had interval development of bridging bone across the surgical level through or around the cage. None of them developed cage migration or subsidence.

CONCLUSION:
Patients with irregular bony destruction due to diskitis/osteomyelitis may benefit from patient-specific cages for spinal reconstruction to address spinal instability and deformity.
Use of acoustic signals in Cape fur seal mother–pup reunions: individual signature, signal propagation and pup home range
Authors: Martin Mathilde , Gridley Tess , Immerz Antonia , Elwen Simon H. , Charrier Isabelle 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) is one of the most colonial mammals, with colonies of up to hundreds of thousands of individuals during the breeding season. During the lactation period, mothers and pups are regularly separated as females undertake multi-day foraging trips at sea. Mothers and pups use a mutual vocal recognition system to reunite after separation. Such communication is highly constrained by both high background noise and risk of individual confusion owing to the density of seals. This study aimed to experimentally assess the acoustic features relevant for mother–pup vocal identification and the propagation properties of their calls. Playback experiments revealed that mother and pup individual vocal signatures rely on both temporal and frequency parameters: amplitude and frequency modulations, timbre and fundamental frequency (f0). This is more parameters than in any colonial species studied so far. The combinational use of acoustic features reinforces the concept that both environmental and social constraints may have acted as selective pressures on the individual vocal recognition systems. Theoretical propagation distances of mother and pup vocalisations were estimated to be below the range of distances at which mother–pup reunions can occur. This suggests that Cape fur seals may have strong abilities to extract vocal signals from the background noise, as previously demonstrated in the highly colonial king penguin. Investigating the transmission of information throughout the propagation of the signal as well as the ability of the receiving individual to decipher vocal signatures is crucial to understanding vocal recognition systems in the wild.
Subgrading of G2 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors as 2A (Ki67 3% to < 10%) Versus 2B (10% to ≤ 20%) Identifies Behaviorally Distinct Subsets in Keeping with the Evolving Management Protocols
Authors: Eren Ozgur Can , Bagci Pelin , Balci Serdar , Ohike Nobuyuki , Saka Burcu , Sokmensuer Cenk , Leblebici Can Berk , Xue Yue , Reid Michelle D. , Krasinskas Alyssa M. , Kooby David , Maithel Shishir K. , Sarmiento Juan , Cheng Jeanette D. , Taskin Orhun Cig , Kapran Yersu , Tarcan Zeynep Cagla , Luchini Claudio , Scarpa Aldo , Basturk Olca , Adsay N. Volkan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Grade 1/2 PanNETs are mostly managed similarly, typically without any adjunct treatment with the belief that their overall metastasis rate is low. In oncology literature, Ki67-index of 10% is increasingly being used as the cutoff in stratifying patients to different protocols, although there are no systematic pathology-based studies supporting this approach.

Methods
Ki67-index was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters in 190 resected PanNETs. A validation cohort (n = 145) was separately analyzed.

Results
In initial cohort, maximally selected rank statistics method revealed 12% to be the discriminatory cutoff (close to 10% rule of thumb). G2b cases had liver/distant metastasis rate of almost threefold higher than that of G2a and showed significantly higher frequency of all histopathologic signs of aggressiveness (tumor size, perineural/vascular invasion, infiltrative growth pattern, lymph node metastasis). In validation cohort, these figures were as striking. When all cases were analyzed together, compared with G1, the G2b category had nine times higher liver/distant metastasis rate (6.1 vs. 58.5%; p < 0.001) and three times higher lymph node metastasis rate (20.5 vs. 65.1%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
G2b PanNETs act very similar to G3, supporting management protocols that regard them as potential therapy candidates. Concerning local management, metastatic behavior in G2b cases indicate they may not be as amenable for conservative approaches, such as watchful waiting or enucleation. This substaging should be considered into diagnostic guidelines, and clinical trials need to be devised to determine the more appropriate management protocols for G2b (10% to ≤ 20%) group, which shows liver/distant metastasis in more than half of the cases, which at minimum warrants closer follow-up.
Intraparotid Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection for Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kfir Uriel , Ronen Ohad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Surgical management of head and neck cutaneous melanoma (HNCM) has evolved tremendously since sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the prominent tool of prognosis and staging. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of intraparotid SLNB compared with a more extensive surgery of superficial parotidectomy (SP).

Methods
The electronic database of PubMed and Scopus were searched for publications until 10 March 2022. In addition, the study included data of patients from our institution who underwent cherry-picking procedures. Pooled estimates were calculated using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity was calculated using the I2 test.

Results
The pooled result regarding the rate of SLNB excision success was 97 % (95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.95–0.99; p < 0.0001), and the pooled probability of a positive SLNB result was 16 % (95 % CI 0.12–0.20; p < 0.0001). Failure of SLNB had pooled results of 4 % (95 % CI 0.02–0.06; p < 0.0009). For SP, no study examining N0 HNCM patients has met the authors’ inclusion criteria. Cherry-picking SLNB had temporary and permanent facial nerve paralysis relative risks (RRs) of 0.12 (95 % CI 0.06–0.27; p < 0.0001) and 0.46 (95 % CI 0.17–1.22; p < 0.0001), respectively, compared with historical data from four weighted meta-analyses of SP.

Conclusions
The data from this study suggest that intraparotid SLNB performed for N0 HNCM patients is a safe and reliable procedure, with very low complication rates. Failure of the procedure did not exceed 4 %. Therefore, intraparotid SLNB may be superior to an extensive surgery such as SP and should be examined in future prospective trials.
Endogenous Multihoming and Network Effects: PlayStation, Xbox, or Both?
Authors: Foros Øystein , Kind Hans Jarle , Stähler Frank 
Published: July 2024

Competition between firms that sell incompatible varieties of network products can be fierce because it is important for each of them to attract a large number of users. The literature, therefore, predicts that stronger network effects decrease prices and profits. We show that this prediction hinges critically on an implicit or explicit assumption that each consumer buys only one of the varieties available in the market (singlehoming consumers). We show that multihoming (some consumers buying more than one variety) can arise endogenously if the number of exclusive features that each variety offers is sufficiently large. In sharp contrast to the conventional prediction under consumer singlehoming, we further show that both prices and profits can increase with the strength of the network effects if (some) consumers multihome. However, this does not necessarily imply that profits are higher under multihoming than under singlehoming. On the contrary, multihoming can constitute a prisoner’s dilemma for the firms in the sense that they could make higher profits if each consumer bought only one of the varieties. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Funding: This work was supported by The Research Council of Norway (Program Kulmedia).
Short term effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and probiotic L. salivarius WB21 on halitosis: A controlled and randomized clinical trial
Authors: Motta Pamella de Barros , Gonçalves Marcela Leticia Leal , Gallo Juliana Maria Altavista Sagretti , Sobral Ana Paula Taboada , Motta Lara Jansiski , Mayer Marcia Pinto Alves , Kawamoto Dione , de Andrade David Casimiro , Santos Elaine Marcílio , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Mesquita-Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Deana Alessandro Melo , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Kalil Bussadori Sandra 
Published: July 2024

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and the use of probiotics on the treatment of halitosis.

Methods
Fifty-two participants, aged from 18 to 25 years, exhaling sulfhydride (H2S) ≥ 112 ppb were selected. They were allocated into 4 groups (n = 13): Group 1: tongue scraper; Group 2: treated once with aPDT; Group 3: probiotic capsule containing Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 (6.7 x 108 CFU) and xylitol (280mg), 3 times a day after meals, for 14 days; Group 4: treated once with aPDT and with the probiotic capsule for 14 days. Halimetry with gas chromatography (clinical evaluation) and microbiological samples were collected from the dorsum of the tongue before and after aPDT, as well as after 7, 14, and 30 days. The clinical data failed to follow a normal distribution; therefore, comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test (independent measures) and Friedman ANOVA (dependent measures) followed by appropriate posthoc tests, when necessary. For the microbiological data, seeing as the data failed to follow a normal distribution, the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was performed with Dunn’s post-test. The significance level was α = 0.05.

Results
Clinical results (halimetry) showed an immediate significant reduction in halitosis with aPDT (p = 0.0008) and/or tongue scraper (p = 0.0006). Probiotics showed no difference in relation to the initial levels (p = 0.7530). No significant differences were found in the control appointments. The amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were not altered throughout the analysis (p = 0.1616, p = 0.2829 and p = 0.2882, respectively).

Conclusion
There was an immediate clinical reduction of halitosis with aPDT and tongue scraping, but there was no reduction in the number of bacteria throughout the study, or differences in the control times, both in the clinical and microbiological results. New clinical trials are necessary to better assess the tested therapies.

Trial registration
Clinical Trials NCT03996044.
Oral processing behavior and dental caries; an insight into a new relationship
Authors: Alazzam Melanie F. , Rasheed Issam B. , Aljundi Suhad H. , Shamiyah Dalal A. , Khader Yousef S. , Abdelhafez Reem S. , Alrashdan Mohammad S. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Previous evidence suggests an individual variation in the preferred oral processing behavior. Individuals can be classified as firm processing(FPL) or soft processing likers(SPL). FPL(crunchers and chewers) prefer using their teeth while SPL(smooshers and suckers) prefer using the tongue and the palate when processing different food items. Variation in the preferred oral processing behavior has been associated with differences in food texture preference and eating time. Time is one of the factors directly related to the development of dental caries(tooth decay). Oral retention and eating times are associated with greater caries experience. This study aims to explore if a relationship exists between the preferred oral processing behavior and the individual’s caries experience.

Materials and methods
This was a cross-sectional, dental center-based study conducted at Jordan University of Science and Technology. Five hundred participants consented to fill out the preferred oral processing behavior(POPB) questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements (including weight, height, and waist circumference) were recorded. A single trained and calibrated dentist registered each participant’s caries experience and plaque levels using the DMFS index and plaque index of Silness and Loe.

Results
A total of 351(70.2%) and 149(29.8%) participants were typed as FPL and SPL, respectively. SPL demonstrated higher levels of dental caries experience compared to FPL. The mean DMFS score for SPL was 28.8(±25.43) while for FPL was 18.71(± 18.34). This difference remained significant after adjustment for confounders(P<0.001). SPL exhibited a significantly higher mean score for the “M” component(P <0.001) while no significant difference in the mean score of the “D”(P = 0.076) and “F”(P = 0.272) components was observed when compared to FPL.

Conclusion
The current findings provide new insight into a possible relationship between the preferred oral processing behavior and an individual’s caries experience. A relationship in which the preferred oral processing behavior can potentially affect and/or be affected by the dental caries experience.
Normalized solutions of Schrödinger equations involving Moser-Trudinger critical growth
Authors: Li Gui-Dong , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article, we are concerned with the nonlinear Schrödinger equation

−
Δ
u
+
λ
u
=
μ

∣
u
∣

p
−
2

u
+
f

(

u

)

,

in

R

2

,

-\Delta u+\lambda u=\mu {| u| }^{p-2}u+f\left(u),\hspace{1em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{2},

having prescribed mass

∫

R

2

∣
u
∣

2

d
x
=

a

2

>
0
,

\mathop{\int }\limits_{{{\mathbb{R}}}^{2}}{| u| }^{2}{\rm{d}}x={a}^{2}\gt 0,

where

λ

\lambda

arises as a Lagrange multiplier,

μ
>
0

\mu \gt 0

,

p
∈

(

2
,
4

]

p\in \left(2,4]

, and the nonlinearity

f
∈

C

1

(

R
,
R

)

f\in {C}^{1}\left({\mathbb{R}},{\mathbb{R}})

behaves like

e

4
π

u

2

{e}^{4\pi {u}^{2}}

as

∣
u
∣
→
+
∞

| u| \to +\infty

. For a

L

2

{L}^{2}

-critical or

L

2

{L}^{2}

-subcritical perturbation

μ

∣
u
∣

p
−
2

u

\mu {| u| }^{p-2}u

, we investigate the existence of normalized solutions to the aforementioned problem. Moreover, the limiting profiles of solutions have been considered as

μ
→
0

\mu \to 0

or

a
→
0

a\to 0

. This result can be considered as a supplement to the work of Soave (Normalized ground states for the NLS equation with combined nonlinearities: the Sobolev critical case, J. Funct. Anal. 279 (2020), no. 6, 1–43) and Alves et al. (Normalized solutions for a Schrödinger equation with critical growth in

R

N

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}

, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 61 (2022), no. 1, 1–24).
CSE3 Informed Dynamic Assessment of Northwest Rural Secondary School EFL Learners’ Reading Development
Authors: Meng Yaru , Lyu Huiling 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The gaps both in east-west China and urban-rural development affect English education in northwest rural areas. Reading comprehension, as the foundation for secondary school students’ English overall development, is in need of tailored mediation. Level 3 of China’s Standards of English (CSE3) can be used to inform the Dynamic Assessment (DA) test items and mediation model. With CSE3-based reading materials and the DA mediation model, the current study applied five sessions of one-on-one DA mediation to an experimental group. Results show that the experimental group outperformed the control group in both inferencing and main idea, though not at test level. Microgenetic analysis of their mediation and reciprocity types and frequencies reveal the expansion of their Zones of Proximal Development (ZPD) in reading. The study is among the first attempts to bring CSE3 into the mediation model for rural EFL learners to solve their reading difficulties. It also offers a plausible way to develop tailored mediation.
How Do Praxis-Oriented Themes Inform the Unity of Language Teachers’ Beliefs, Practices, and Identities? A Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Gao Yang , Wang Xiaochen , Meng Yaru 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Praxis, according to the Vygotskian thoughts and tenets, entails the unity of and dialectical relationship between theory and practice. As a vital concept grounded in sociocultural theory, praxis has received increasing attention among language teacher education scholars, typically over recent years (e. g., Johnson et al., 2020, 2022). Yet, there remains scant research through the lens, thus requiring extended efforts from researchers. To join the existing literature and bridge the gap, we explored how praxis- oriented themes may inform the development of professional beliefs and practices between mentor-mentee duos through TESOL-related programs. In addition, we investigated how the development of beliefs and practices may, in turn, inform the mentorships and contribute to the identity development of these duos. We adopted the narrative inquiry method and captured the participants’ experiences and emotional episodes over their mentoring journeys. We reported a common developmental path along the two duos’ mentoring journeys, while they differed in a few places. These journeys were found to unfold through a 3E pattern with three distinct stages, each contributing to the evolution of their beliefs and practices. These stages were identified as enhancing learning, embodying the mentor, and embracing heritage and identity. Accordingly, three different types of identities, including learner and apprentice, mentee and novice researcher, and language teacher and Chinese culture embodiment, were identified in the stages. Our study provides valuable insights for language teachers and teacher educators by shedding light on praxis-oriented themes that can enhance teacher professional development programs.
Dynamic Development in L2 Written Complexity of Chinese EFL Learners
Authors: Xu Jinfen , Yang Baoqi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The present study investigated the developmental trajectories of written language of two Chinese EFL learners in terms of complexity over one semester and explored the relationship between syntactic complexity and lexical complexity under the framework of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST). The data were processed using dynamic analyses (min-max graphs, moving correlations and Change-point analysis) to visualize the developmental process and variability of each subsystem of complexity with 4 measures (mean length of T-unit, mean length of clause, clauses per T-unit and VocD) and interactions between different subsystems. The results showed, first, that different subsystems of written language complexity developed dynamically and nonlinearly with different degrees of variability, and varied in the two participants. Second, interactions existed between syntactic complexity and lexical complexity, which shaped as competitors for Jenny but as connected growers for Helen. The results further deepened the understanding of the development in learners’ written complexity, providing significant implications for EFL writing teaching.