bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi 3D modelling and simulation of axial flux machines
Authors: Niemimäki Ossi , Kurz Stefan 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the theoretical foundation of the so-called quasi 3D modelling method of axial flux machines, and the means for the simulation of the resulting models.Design/methodology/approach– Starting from the first principles, a 3D magnetostatic problem is geometrically decomposed into a coupled system of 2D problems. Genuine 2D problems are derived by decoupling the system. The construction of the 2D simulation models is discussed, and their applicability is evaluated by comparing a finite element implementation to an existing industry-used model.Findings– The quasi 3D method relies on the assumption of vanishing radial magnetic flux. The validity of this assumption is reflected in a residual gained from the 3D coupled system. Moreover, under a modification of the metric of the 2D models, an axial flux machine can be presented as a family of radial flux machines.Research limitations/implications– The evaluation and interpretation of the residual has not been carried out. Furthermore, the inclusion of eddy currents has not been detailed in the present study.Originality/value– A summary of existing modelling and simulation methods of axial flux machines is provided. As a novel result, proper mathematical context for the quasi 3D method is given and the underlying assumptions are laid out. The implementation of the 2D models is approached from a general angle, strengthening the foundation for future research.
Dielectric breakdown simulations of an OLTC in a transformer
Authors: Wiesmüller Maximilian , Glaser Beate , Fuchs Franz , Sterz Oliver 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report on the simulation of an on-load tap-changer (OLTC) in a power transformer. During design and test of the electrical insulation the influence of the environment on the OLTC is normally neglected. The authors investigate how large these influences are.

Design/methodology/approach
– The environment of the OLTC is taken into account by modeling tap leads in detail as well as transformer windings. The electric fields are computed and resulting breakdown voltages are estimated by using the streamer criterion. The results are compared to the ones of an OLTC without transformer and leads.

Findings
– For the investigated typical example the influence of the transformer and the tap leads on the internal OLTC insulation is small enough to neglect them during design optimization and test procedures.

Originality/value
– New is the execution of a finite element simulation and breakdown evaluation of such a complex geometric structure as the complete system consisting of OLTC combined with tap leads and windings. Furthermore, standard design and test procedures used by OLTC manufacturers are justified.
Challenges in preparing academic staff for research training and supervision
Authors: Calma Angelito 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– Little attention has been given to the preparedness of academic staff for their role as research trainers or supervisors. In addition, limited work has been done on this topic in developing countries such as the Philippines. The Philippines is an important case, as it is a national priority to develop university research and improve research training practices, and there is a graduate skill deficit (in terms of critical thinking, academic writing, and data analysis skills). The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges confronting the government and universities that relate to academic staff development, research supervision, and staff and student support, involving 53 government and university executives and academics from the Philippines.

Design/methodology/approach
– The survey involved the participation of selected government and university executives, including the zonal research centre directors, via interviews; and survey of academic staff via a questionnaire.

Findings
– Results indicate that the most critical challenges for government and universities in the Philippines relate to effectively meeting the dual demands of teaching and research, building a critical mass of researchers, and developing excellent research skills and competences among staff and students.

Originality/value
– The paper is the first to study research training and supervision in Philippine universities, providing a case for the Philippines internationally, which is less featured in research.
Investigating whether UK business schools need to be more business-like in order to survive in today's dynamic environment
Authors: Curtis Lucill , Samy Martin 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to clarify whether UK business schools need to change their strategy, to adopt a more business-like approach, without compromising their role as providers of “quality education”. Business-like activities, as explained by Dart (2004, p. 294) are generally understood to be those characterised by some blend of profit motivation, the use of managerial and organisation design tools developed in for-profit business settings, and broadly framed business thinking to structure and organise activity.Design/methodology/approach– Adopting a mixed methods research design, this study involved the review of quantitative data from questionnaires sent to senior managers within UK business schools, followed by the case-study analysis of five UK-based business schools.Findings– Contemporary evidence suggests business schools have reacted to the current dynamic environment by adapting a more business-like approach, scanning the horizon and identifying new markets and opportunities for growth. However, some business schools remain ardently against a more business-like approach, considering it to work against academic clarity and research excellence, expected of universities.Originality/value– This paper illustrates the current challenges influencing strategy within five diverse UK business schools. Therefore, the original contribution of the paper lies in the authors’ empirical investigations into the current thinking and practice of existing business school leaders, in light of the changing HE policies and reduced funding arrangements.
Factors affecting students’ intentions to study at universities adopting the “student-as-customer” concept
Authors: Watjatrakul Boonlert 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– Competitive pressure and declining incomes in higher education have propelled many universities to increase the number of students admitted as a means of increasing their income, while the admitted students are regarded as “customers.” The purpose of this paper is to examine students’ beliefs regarding outcomes of the adoption of the student-as-customer concept and the interaction effects of these outcomes and the social influence on students’ attitudes toward acceptance of the student-as-customer concept and their intentions to study at universities adopting this concept.Design/methodology/approach– The conceptual model was developed to investigate the interaction effects of the five outcomes of the student-as-customer concept's adoption – the universities’ aim toward student satisfaction, the instructors’ neglect of teaching, the impairment of instructor-student relationship, the ease of course achievement, and the improvement of universities’ service quality and social influence on the students’ attitudes toward acceptance of the student-as-customer concept, and their intentions to study at universities adopting this concept. Survey questionnaires were used to collect data from students studying at a large private university inclining to adopt the student-as-customer concept. The structural equation modeling technique was utilized for testing the proposed model.Findings– The results indicate that students believe that the universities’ adoption of the student-as-customer concept will lead to improvement of the universities’ service quality and the degradation of educational quality in terms of the instructors’ neglect of teaching, the impairment of instructor-student relationship, and the ease of course achievement. The improvement of service quality has a positive effect on the students’ attitudes toward acceptance of the student-as-customer concept and their intentions to study at universities adopting this concept. The students’ beliefs toward the degradation of educational quality, on the other hand, have indirect and negative effects on the students’ intentions to study at universities adopting the concept. Interestingly, the effect of social influence on students’ intentions to study at universities adopting the concept is greater than the effects of students’ beliefs toward outcomes of the concept.Originality/value– This study is among the first research to empirically investigate the factors affecting students’ attitudes toward acceptance of the student-as-customer concept and their intentions to study at universities adopting this concept. The paper fills the gap in the higher education literature and provides guidance for universities to consider and prepare for the consequences of the concept's adoption associated with the number of students who intend to study at their universities.
A study on effective principal leadership factors in China
Authors: Sun Hechuan , Wang Xiaodong , Sharma Sailesh 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to find out what are the effective school principal leadership (ESPL) factors or indicators that Chinese teachers consider or expect. It explains how and why ESPL factors are important for effective school improvement (ESI). It tries to expand the domain knowledge of ESPL.Design/methodology/approach– The questionnaires consisted of eight factors and 40 indicators. The rating instrument was a five point Likert Scale (from 1 to 5). In total, 100 school teachers in Liaoning Province of mainland China were participated and surveyed. Factor analysis,t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the collected data.Findings– This study provides empirical insights about what ESPL factors that Chinese teachers considered. According to the results oft-test and one-way ANOVA, there were no significant differences between and among the respondents’ gender, areas and years of teaching experiences in rating the ESPL factors. The findings argue that the 16 extracted ESPL indicators have not only revealed the expectations of Chinese teachers toward their school principals, but also have drawn a three-dimensional-image of what a good and effective school principal should be. From the Chinese teachers’ eyes, a good school principal should not only possess good managerial skills in the aspects of time and routine work (such as self management, time management, influence, decision making and commitment) but also should possess good emotional intelligence, human skills, more attentiveness and consideration toward the needs of their followers (such as comfort, communication skills and empathy, etc.).Practical implications– This study provides implications for all school stakeholders, particularly for school principals, school leaders and educational managers both in and outside of schools. A good school principal should possess good ESPL characters/factors. If not, at least he/she should be aware of the ESPL characters/factors and actively adopt or adapt them. Thus the ESPL factors or indicators extracted from this study can be served as a mirror and a useful knowledge.Originality/value– This study belongs to very few of this kind of researches carried out in mainland China. Its findings have made some contributions to the ESPL research in mainland China, to the research of school leadership and ESI.
Forecasts impacts on sanitary risk during a crisis: a case study
Authors: Thiel Daniel , Le Hoa Vo Thi , Hovelaque Vincent 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– During a crisis situation, a poultry supply chain is faced with high variations on fresh chicken meat demand and has therefore to simultaneously manage excessive shelf-life stocks (in case of falling demand) and external purchases due to inventory shortages. In this case, the production plan is often established according to non-accurate sale forecasts which require ongoing adjustment. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– By using system dynamics, the paper developed a model of the French poultry supply chain during a given avian influenza crisis period. The authors compared exponential smoothing forecasting method to a word-of-mouth diffusion model which makes sense in a sanitary crisis context.

Findings
– An interesting result shows a complex relationship between the sanitary risk (which increases according to the slaughtered chicken's volume and storage time) and the additional external purchases (in case of low production generated by an insufficient forecasting launched 40 days before customer orders).

Research limitations/implications
– Additional costs which vary over time are required for further assumptions testing.

Practical implications
– The paper proposes to use a forecasting model which is not currently used by the professionals during a sanitary crisis period. This model is able to simulate an internal dissemination of a call for boycott of meat products (cf. negative word-of-mouth spread).

Originality/value
– The problem is how to maintain a less risky but significant buffer size to respond to a supply chain coping with both changes in customers’ demand and instability in production capacity.
Antecedents of SCM practices in ASEAN automotive industry
Authors: Hsu Chin-Chun , Choon Tan Keah , Laosirihongthong Tritos 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine how corporate entrepreneurship, social capital and resources contribute to the implementation of supply chain management (SCM) practices in Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) automotive industry.Design/methodology/approach– A conceptual framework of antecedents of SCM practices and several research hypotheses were proposed. Hypotheses were tested with data from original equipment manufacturers suppliers in the ASEAN automotive manufacturing industry. Confirmatory factor analysis and multiple linear regressions were used to test the hypotheses.Findings– The analysis of survey data suggests that corporate entrepreneurship theory and social capital theory play a key role in motivating and preceding SCM practices. However, traditional resource-based explanations of SCM decisions by western manufacturing firms do not always apply to ASEAN automotive suppliers.Research limitations/implications– This paper may have excluded some crucial constructs that affect SCM practices. This study also suffers from the common limitations of empirical research, including the reliance on a single respondent. Prior studies suggest that firms with better resources are likely to create more effective SCM operations. This study contributes to the literature by adding behavioral explanations to the research stream. That is, drawing on corporate entrepreneurship and social capital theories, the authors’ link firm behavioral factors to their resources and thus help explains SCM practices.Practical implications– This study provides some notable managerial implications. The study shows that to implement successful SCM practices, emerging ASEAN automotive suppliers should exploit both the internal and external antecedents of SCM. Internal antecedent in the form of corporate entrepreneurship that measures a firm's innovativeness and proactiveness, and external antecedent in the form of social capital that measures a firm's relationships with its supply chain members are important factors that affect SCM practices. Also, these factors are important in counteracting the adverse forces of the environmental uncertainty to improve performance.Originality/value– These findings extend prior research by establishing the importance of the relationships between SCM practices and its antecedents. Also, this is one of the few studies that specifically examined the ASEAN automotive industry.
Mind-reading versus neuromarketing: how does a product make an impact on the consumer?
Authors: A. Booth David , P.J. Freeman Richard 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– This research study aims to illustrate the mapping of each consumer’s mental processes in a market-relevant context. This paper shows how such maps deliver operational insights that cannot be gained by physical methods such as brain imaging.

Design/methodology/approach
– A marketed conceptual attribute and a sensed material characteristic of a popular product were varied across presentations in a common use. The relative acceptability of each proposition was rated together with analytical descriptors. The mental interaction that determined each consumer’s preferences was calculated from the individual’s performance at discriminating each viewed sample from a personal norm. These personal cognitive characteristics were aggregated into maps of demand in the market for subpanels who bought these for the senses or for the attribute.

Findings
– Each of 18 hypothesized mental processes dominated acceptance in at least a few individuals among both sensory and conceptual purchasers. Consumers using their own descriptive vocabulary processed the factors in appeal of the product more centrally. The sensory and conceptual factors tested were most often processed separately, but a minority of consumers treated them as identical. The personal ideal points used in the integration of information showed that consumers wished for extremes of the marketed concept that are technologically challenging or even impossible. None of this evidence could be obtained from brain imaging, casting in question its usefulness in marketing.

Research limitations/implications
– Panel mapping of multiple discriminations from a personal norm fills three major gaps in consumer marketing research. First, preference scores are related to major influences on choices and their cognitive interactions in the mind. Second, the calculations are completed on the individual’s data and the cognitive parameters of each consumer’s behavior are aggregated – never the raw scores. Third, discrimination scaling puts marketed symbolic attributes and sensed material characteristics on the same footing, hence measuring their causal interactions for the first time.

Practical implications
– Neuromarketing is an unworkable proposition because brain imaging does not distinguish qualitative differences in behavior. Preference tests are operationally effective when designed and analyzed to relate behavioral scores to major influences from market concepts and sensory qualities in interaction. The particular interactions measured in the reported study relate to the major market for healthy eating.

Originality/value
– This is the first study to measure mental interactions among determinants of preference, as well as including both a marketed concept and a sensed characteristic. Such an approach could be of great value to consumer marketing, both defensively and creatively.
Dissecting the cyclic di‐guanylate monophosphate signalling network regulating motility in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Le Guyon Soazig , Simm Roger , Rehn Mikael , Römling Ute 
Published: July 2014

SummaryFlagella‐mediated swimming and swarming motility in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is intercalated with the cyclic di‐guanylate monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP) signalling network. In this study, we identified the GGDEF domain proteins STM2672, STM4551 and STM1987 as key di‐guanylate cyclases involved in regulation of motility in a ΔyhjH phosphodiesterase gene deletion mutant with elevated c‐di‐GMP levels inhibiting motility. Surprisingly, these di‐guanylate cyclases distinctively inhibited motility through the c‐di‐GMP receptors YcgR and the cellulose synthase BcsA, whereby STM2672 corresponded to YcgR, STM1987 to BcsA and STM4551 to both receptors. Although downregulation of motility is believed to prepare the bacterial cells for surface adhesion and biofilm formation, the major biofilm regulator CsgD of S. sv. Typhimurium was not involved in the regulation of swimming or swarming motility. Together with previously identified c‐di‐GMP networks regulating flagella‐related phenotypes, flagella biosynthesis is a major target of c‐di‐GMP signalling in S. sv. Typhimurium.
Premature aging induced by radiation exhibits pro‐atherosclerotic effects mediated by epigenetic activation of CD44 expression
Authors: Lowe Donna , Raj Kenneth 
Published: July 2014

SummaryAge is undoubtedly a major risk factor for heart disease. However, the reason for this is not entirely clear. In the course of our investigation into the mechanism of radiation‐induced cardiovascular disease, we made several unexpected findings that inform us on this question. We observed that human coronary endothelial cells, while being able to initiate repair of radiation‐induced DNA damage, often fail to complete the repair and become senescent. Such radiation‐induced cellular aging occurs through a mutation‐independent route. Endothelial cells that aged naturally through replication or as a result of radiation exhibited indistinguishable characteristics. The promoter regions of the CD44 gene in aging endothelial cells become demethylated, and the proteins are highly expressed on the cell surface, making the cells adhesive for monocytes. Adhesion is a cardinal feature that recruits monocytes to the endothelium, allowing them to infiltrate the vessel wall and initiate atherosclerosis. The epigenetic activation of CD44 expression is particularly significant as it causes persistent elevated CD44 protein expression, making senescent endothelial cells chronically adhesive. In addition to understanding why cardiovascular disease increases with age, these observations provide insights into the puzzling association between radiation and cardiovascular disease and highlight the need to consider premature aging as an additional risk of radiation to human health.
Tubular carcinoma of the breast: axillary involvement and prognostic factors
Authors: Lea Vivienne , Gluch Laurence , Kennedy Catherine W. , Carmalt Hugh , Gillett David 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundTubular carcinoma (TC) of the breast has a very favourable prognosis. The role for axillary staging in small TC was questioned. This study investigated the frequency of axillary metastases and prognostic factors in pure TC of the breast. It involved a retrospective review of prospectively collected data.MethodsA consecutive series of patients presenting to The Strathfield Breast Centre (TSBC) between 1988 and 2011 were reviewed. Only pure TC was included. Information collected included demographics, surgery, pathology, adjuvant therapy and survival.ResultsPure TC accounted for 146 out of 6110 cases of operable breast cancer. Ninety‐five per cent were node negative (micrometastases and isolated tumour cells excluded). Ninety‐eight per cent of those with known oestrogen receptor status were oestrogen receptor positive. Median tumour size was 10 mm (range 1–52 mm). Ten‐year survival was 97%. Twelve per cent of patients had more than one tumour (either ipsilateral or contralateral). Eight patients had recurrent disease. All were node negative. Three of these patients died of their disease.ConclusionAxillary metastases are uncommon in pure TC. Recurrent disease is not readily predicted by tumour size or node status.