bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐operative complications and owner satisfaction following partial caudectomies: 22 cases (2008 to 2013)
Authors: Simons M. C. , Ben‐Amotz R. , Popovitch C. 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVESTo report complications and owner satisfaction for dogs and cats following partial caudectomy.METHODSMedical records of dogs and cats (n = 22) that underwent partial caudectomy between 2008 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Signalment, reason for amputation, level of amputation, and complications were recorded. Owners were contacted via telephone to obtain follow‐up data.RESULTSThe most common reason for partial caudectomy was tail wounds (16 of 22; 72 · 7%). Complications were typically minor incisional crusting (4 of 20; 20%). Major complications (3 of 20; 15%) included prolonged healing after partial incisional dehiscence, continued self‐trauma requiring revision surgery, and severe inflammation with ulceration requiring revision surgery. The majority of owners surveyed (10 of 12; 83 · 3%) were satisfied with the post‐operative outcome and would recommend this procedure if warranted.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEPartial caudectomy is well tolerated in both dogs and cats with no loss of function. Pet owners did not perceive any behavioural changes following partial caudectomy. However, in cases of continued self‐mutilation and/or incisional dehiscence, revision procedures may be required.
Prolonged Therapy with the Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Activator BAY 60-2770 Restores the Erectile Function in Obese Mice
Authors: Silva Fábio H. , Leiria Luiz O. , Alexandre Eduardo C. , Davel Ana Paula C. , Mónica Fabíola Z. , De Nucci Gilberto , Antunes Edson 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases associated with increased oxidative stress such as obesity lead to erectile dysfunction (ED). Activators of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) such as BAY 60-2770 reactivate the heme-oxidized sGC in vascular diseases.

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 2-week oral intake with BAY 60-2270 on a murine model of obesity-associated ED.

Methods
C57BL/6 male mice were fed for 12 weeks with standard chow or high-fat diet. Lean and obese mice were treated with BAY 60-2770 (1 mg/kg/day, 2 weeks).

Main Outcome Measures
Measurements of intracavernosal pressure (ICP), along with acetylcholine (10−9 to 10−5 M) and electrical field stimulation (EFS; 4–10 Hz)-induced corpus cavernosum relaxations in vitro, were obtained. Levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and sGC protein expressions in cavernosal tissues were measured.

Results
Cavernous nerve stimulation caused frequency-dependent ICP increases, which were significantly lower in obese compared with lean mice (P &lt; 0.05). Two-week therapy with BAY 60-2770 fully reversed the decreased ICP in obese group. Acetylcholine-induced cavernosal relaxations were 45% lower (P &lt; 0.001) in obese mice, which were fully restored by BAY 60-2770 treatment. Likewise, the EFS-induced relaxations in obese mice were restored by BAY 60-2770. Basal cGMP content in erectile tissue was 68% lower (P &lt; 0.05) in obese mice, an effect normalized by BAY 60-2770. Levels of ROS were 52% higher (P &lt; 0.05) whereas protein expression of α1 sGC subunit was reduced in cavernosal tissue of obese mice, both of which were normalized by BAY 60-2770. In lean group, BAY 60-2770 did not significantly affect any functional, biochemical, or molecular parameter analyzed.

Conclusions
Two-week therapy with BAY 60-2770 restores the erectile function in obese mice that is associated with reduced ROS levels, up-regulation of α1 sGC subunit, and increased cGMP levels in the erectile tissue.
The Application of Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) for Oral Processing Studies: An Initial Investigation
Authors: Cheong Jean Ne , Foster Kylie D. , Morgenstern Marco P. , Grigor John M.V. , Bronlund John E. , Hutchings Scott C. , Hedderley Duncan I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSensory trajectories of foods can be described using the temporal dominance of sensations method (TDS). This study aims to investigate the influence of TDS on oral processing variables and understand the optimum number of subjects required for oral processing studies. The work was carried out with a solid model food system (biscuits). Formulation differences in the model biscuits influenced texture perception but did not affect oral processing parameters apart from chewing frequency. Completing the TDS task influenced both mastication duration and the number of chews, although the different natural chewing behaviors observed between products were not affected. Training of subjects resulted in quicker attribute selection and greater dominance rates being observed even though the resulting TDS curves were similar. Analysis using a correlation technique suggests that 15–20 untrained subjects may be required to generate useful TDS curves for oral processing research assessing food properties.Practical ApplicationsThe dynamic and simple nature of temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) has given the technique great potential for use while simultaneously measuring oral processing parameters such as jaw movement, muscle activity and food bolus assessment. This study shows the differences in basic oral processing behavior between subjects who are, and are not, using the TDS technique. It shows that TDS can influence oral processing, but it has also potential for use with oral processing research. The research shows that slightly greater number of subjects than those commonly used in oral processing trials may be needed to generate a TDS curve effectively.
A novel cholesterol‐insensitive mode of membrane binding promotes cytolysin‐mediated translocation by Streptolysin O
Authors: Mozola Cara C. , Magassa N'Goundo , Caparon Michael G. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryCytolysin‐mediated translocation (CMT), performed by Streptococcus pyogenes, utilizes the cholesterol‐dependent cytolysin Streptolysin O (SLO) to translocate the NAD+‐glycohydrolase (SPN) into the host cell during infection. SLO is required for CMT and can accomplish this activity without pore formation, but the details of SLO's interaction with the membrane preceding SPN translocation are unknown. Analysis of binding domain mutants of SLO and binding domain swaps between SLO and homologous cholesterol‐dependent cytolysins revealed that membrane binding by SLO is necessary but not sufficient for CMT, demonstrating a specific requirement for SLO in this process. Despite being the only known receptor for SLO, this membrane interaction does not require cholesterol. Depletion of cholesterol from host membranes and mutation of SLO's cholesterol recognition motif abolished pore formation but did not inhibit membrane binding or CMT. Surprisingly, SLO requires the coexpression and membrane localization of SPN to achieve cholesterol‐insensitive membrane binding; in the absence of SPN, SLO's binding is characteristically cholesterol‐dependent. SPN's membrane localization also requires SLO, suggesting a co‐dependent, cholesterol‐insensitive mechanism of membrane binding occurs, resulting in SPN translocation.
Demography of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens): 1974–2006
Authors: Taylor Rebecca L. , Udevitz Mark S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGlobal climate change may fundamentally alter population dynamics of many species for which baseline population parameter estimates are imprecise or lacking. Historically, the Pacific walrus is thought to have been limited by harvest, but it may become limited by global warming‐induced reductions in sea ice. Loss of sea ice, on which walruses rest between foraging bouts, may reduce access to food, thus lowering vital rates. Rigorous walrus survival rate estimates do not exist, and other population parameter estimates are out of date or have well‐documented bias and imprecision. To provide useful population parameter estimates we developed a Bayesian, hidden process demographic model of walrus population dynamics from 1974 through 2006 that combined annual age‐specific harvest estimates with five population size estimates, six standing age structure estimates, and two reproductive rate estimates. Median density independent natural survival was high for juveniles (0.97) and adults (0.99), and annual density dependent vital rates rose from 0.06 to 0.11 for reproduction, 0.31 to 0.59 for survival of neonatal calves, and 0.39 to 0.85 for survival of older calves, concomitant with a population decline. This integrated population model provides a baseline for estimating changing population dynamics resulting from changing harvests or sea ice.
Do ship strikes threaten the recovery of endangered eastern North Pacific blue whales?
Authors: Monnahan Cole C. , Branch Trevor A. , Punt André E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBlue whales were targeted in the North Pacific from 1905–1971 and are listed as endangered by the IUCN. Despite decades without whaling, abundance estimates for eastern North Pacific (ENP) blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) suggest little evidence for a recent increase. One possible reason is fatal strikes by large ships, which have affected populations of other cetaceans and resulted in mitigation. We used a population dynamics model to assess the trends and status of ENP blue whales, and the effects of ship strikes. We estimate the population likely never dropped below 460 individuals, and is at 97% of carrying capacity (95% interval 62%–99%). These results suggest density dependence, not ship strikes, is the key reason for the observed lack of increase. We also estimate future strikes will likely have a minimal impact; for example, an 11‐fold increase in vessels would lead to a 50% chance the long‐term population would be considered depleted. Although we estimate ship strike mitigation would have minimal impacts on population trends and status, current levels of ship strikes are likely above legal limits set by the U.S. The recovery of ENP blue whales from whaling demonstrates the ability of blue whale populations to rebuild under careful management.
Crafting, Community, and Collaboration: Reflections on the Ethnographic Sala Project at the Pukara Lithic Museum, Peru
Authors: Klarich Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Museo Lítico Pukara (Pukara Lithic Museum) is an archaeological site museum in the small highland town of Pucará in the northwestern Lake Titicaca Basin of Peru. Recently, an ethnographic sala (exhibition space) was developed and installed within the museum that focuses on local craft production and its role within the agro‐pastoral economy, regional exchange systems, and other household‐level and community activities. The sala is the culmination of a decade‐long effort by national and foreign archaeologists, anthropologists from the regional university and their students, the Peruvian Ministry of Culture, and the townspeople of Pucará. This article presents a brief history of the museum, describes the development of the sala project, and frames the process and results of this project as they relate to discussions of community, collaboration, and value at the intersections of archaeology and ethnography. [collaborative archaeology, community, archaeological site museums, Latin America, Peru]
Digital Heritage, Knowledge Networks, and Source Communities: Understanding Digital Objects in a Melanesian Society
Authors: Were Graeme 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article investigates digital heritage technologies from a Melanesian perspective. It explores—in the context of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea—the types of values placed on digital surrogates as a means to engage critically with recent debates on “digital” or “virtual” repatriation. It raises the question as to whether digital knowledge resources such as 3D digital objects are really seen as secondary or “second best” to the original or whether digital technologies reproduce, in new form, an economy of objects that sustains knowledge and revival practices. As a way to address this, the Mobile Museum pilot project was launched in January 2012 to help support the Nalik people of New Ireland reconnecting with and researching their cultural heritage in Queensland museums. This article demonstrates, in contrast to recent calls for an ideological return to the status of the museum object as put forward by Conn (2010), how ethnographic objects should be understood in terms of their performativity, mobility, and virtuality, which render them operative far beyond the physical realms of museum institutions. [digital heritage, digital repatriation, ethnographic collections, cultural revitalization, Melanesia]
Effectiveness of pre‐school‐ and school‐based interventions to impact weight‐related behaviours in African American children and youth: a literature review
Authors: Robinson L. E. , Webster E. K. , Whitt‐Glover M. C. , Ceaser T. G. , Alhassan S. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis review assessed the effectiveness of pre‐school‐ and school‐based obesity prevention and/or treatment interventions targeting healthy eating, physical activity or obesity in African American children and adolescents. Systematic searches were conducted for English‐printed research articles published between January 1980 and March 2013. Retained articles included experimental studies conducted in the United States that targeted ≥80% African American/black children and adolescents and/or studies whose results were stratified by race/ethnicity, and that were conducted in pre‐schools/head start or schools (excluding after‐school programmes). Of the 12,270 articles identified, 17 met the inclusion criteria (pre‐school, n = 2; elementary school, n = 7; middle and secondary schools, n = 8). Thirteen studies found significant improvements in nutrition (pre‐school, n = 1; elementary, n = 7; secondary, n = 5) and three found significant improvements in physical activity (pre‐school, n = 1; elementary, n = 2) variables of interest. Two studies (pre‐school, n = 1; secondary, n = 1) reported significant reductions in obesity in African American children. The evidence available suggests school‐based interventions are effective in promoting healthy nutrition behaviours in African American children. Conclusions overall and, particularly, about effects on physical activity and obesity are limited due to the small number of studies, differences in assessment approaches and a lack of follow‐up assessments.
What works for obesity prevention and treatment in black Americans? Research directions
Authors: Kumanyika S. K. , Whitt‐Glover M. C. , Haire‐Joshu D. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryObesity prevalence in black/African American children and adults of both sexes is high overall and compared with US whites. What we know, and do not know, about how to enhance the effectiveness of obesity prevention and treatment interventions in African Americans is the focus of the 10 articles in this special issue of Obesity Reviews. The evidence base is limited in quantity and quality and insufficient to provide clear guidance. With respect to children, there is relatively consistent, but not definitive support for prioritizing the systematic implementation and evaluation of child‐focused interventions in pre‐school and school settings and outside of school time. For adults or all ages, developing and refining e‐health approaches and faith‐based or other culturally and contextually relevant approaches, including translation of the Diabetes Prevention Program intervention to community settings is indicated. Major evidence gaps were identified with respect to interventions with black men and boys, ways to increase participation and retention of black adults in lifestyle behaviour change programmes, and studies of the impact of environmental and policy changes on eating and physical activity in black communities. Bold steps related to research funding priorities, research infrastructure and methodological guidelines are recommended to improve the quantity and quality of research in this domain.
Anxiety Predicts Mortality in ICD Patients: Results from the Cross‐Sectional National CopenHeartICD Survey with Register Follow‐Up
Authors: KIKKENBORG BERG SELINA , CASPAR THYGESEN LAU , HASTRUP SVENDSEN JESPER , VINGGAARD CHRISTENSEN ANNE , ZWISLER ANN‐DORTHE 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundAlthough highly effective in preventing arrhythmic death, patients receiving an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) may still experience psychological difficulties such as anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life. The objectives of this study were to describe patient‐reported outcomes among ICD patients: (1) compared to a matched healthy population, (2) compared by ICD indication, (3) factors predicting patient‐reported outcomes, and (4) if patient‐reported outcomes predicted mortality.MethodsThe study was a mailed survey to an unselected group of patients 18+ years old receiving ICD between January 1, 2011 and June 30, 2011 (n = 499). The following instruments were used: SF‐36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HeartQoL, EQ‐5D, and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory.ResultsThe response rate was 72%. Mean age was 65.5 years and 82% patients were males. Fifty‐three percent of patients had primary prevention indication ICD. Compared to an age‐ and gender‐matched population without disease, the ICD population had worse mental health (55.0 vs 51.7 points) and physical health (52.6 vs 41.9 points). Patients with primary prevention indication had lower levels of perceived health, quality of life, and fatigue; for example, physical health 39.8 versus 44.3 points, compared to secondary prevention indication. Anxiety, poor perceived health, fatigue, and low quality of life were all predictors of mortality, anxiety being the strongest with an adjusted odds ratio of 4.17 (1.49; 11.66).ConclusionsPatients with primary prevention ICD had lower levels of perceived health, quality of life, and more fatigue. Anxiety, poor perceived health, fatigue, and low quality of life were all predictors of mortality.
The rs3807989 G/A Polymorphism in CAV1 is Associated with the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Chinese Han Populations
Authors: LIU YAOWU , NI BIXIAN , LIN YUAN , CHEN XIN‐GUANG , CHEN MINGLONG , HU ZHIBIN , ZHANG FENGXIANG 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundA recent meta‐analysis of several genome‐wide association studies identified six new susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for atrial fibrillation (AF) in individuals of the European ancestry. We aimed to replicate the associations between these SNPs and the risk of AF in a Chinese Han population.MethodsWe genotyped six SNPs (rs3903239 in PRRX1, rs3807989 in CAV1, rs10821415 in C9orf3, rs10824026 in SYNPO2L, rs1152591 in SYNE2, and rs7164883 in HCN4) using the middle‐throughput iPLEX Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in logistic regression models.ResultsWe enrolled a total of 1,593 Chinese Han origin individuals in the study, including 597 AF patients and 996 non‐AF controls. Among the six SNPs analyzed in the study, the SNP rs3807989 in CAV1 on chromosome 7q31 was found to be significantly associated with a decreased risk of AF (crude OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64–0.89, P = 0.001; adjusted OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.63–0.89, P = 0.001). There were no significant associations between the other five loci and AF risk.ConclusionOur results confirmed that CAV1 rs3807989 may contribute to a decreased AF risk in Chinese Han populations. However, further validation studies with different ethnic backgrounds and biological function analyses are warranted to confirm our finding.
Crystallographic orientations of structural elements in skeletons of Syringoporicae (tabulate corals, Carboniferous): implications for biomineralization processes in Palaeozoic corals
Authors: Coronado Ismael , Pérez‐Huerta Alberto , Rodríguez Sergio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe crystallographic orientation of structural elements in skeletons of representatives of Carboniferous Syringoporicae (Auloporida) has been analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), petrographic microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) on specimens from the Iberian Peninsula. The skeletons of the tabulate corals of the Syringoporicae consist of biogenic calcite crystals, and their microstructure is composed of lamellae, fibres and granules, or of a combination of these. Independent of the microstructure, the c‐axis is oriented towards the lumen, quasi‐perpendicular to the growth direction of the skeleton (perpendicular to the morphological axis lamellae, parallel to fibres). Most phaceloid taxa have a turbostratic distribution, as a biogenic response to prevent the cleavage of crystals. Cerioid and some phaceloid corals, whose microstructure is conditioned by wall elements, do not exhibit turbostratic distribution. Wall elements are determined by the biology of each taxon. Holacanth septal spines are composed of fibres arranged in a cone‐shape structure, sometimes clamped to the external part of the corallite and show a complex crystallography. Monacanth septal spines are spindle shaped and composed of bundles of fibres. Tabulae are composed of lamellae. Their development and crystallographic orientation depends on the position of the epithelium in each case. Shared walls are formed by a combination of the walls of two independent corallites with a median lamina, composed of granules; these have a crystallographic orientation between that of the two corallites. The growth of the microstructure is derived by a coordinated stepping mode of growth, similar to other groups of organisms such as molluscs and scleractinians. The nucleation and formation of packages of co‐oriented microcrystals suggest a growth mode similar to mineral bridges with a competitive growth mode between each crystal. The growth pattern of corallites suggests that the growth direction is divided into two main components: a horizontal growth direction towards the lumen and a vertical direction towards the top.
Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy in Association with Generalized Inflammatory Peeling Skin Syndrome
Authors: Srinivasaraghavan Rangan , Krishnamurthy Sriram , Chandar Rumesh , Mahadevan Subramanian , Chandrashekar Laxmisha , Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe describe an 8‐year‐old girl born to second‐degree consanguineous parents with complaints of recurrent episodes of hematuria for 6 months. She had generalized peeling of the skin since birth and recurrent purulent cutaneous infections. The clinical presentation and histopathology of the skin biopsy specimen were consistent with the inflammatory variant of peeling skin syndrome (PSS). She also had a single ventricle with pulmonary stenosis, for which a bidirectional Glenn shunt had been placed. The renal biopsy specimen showed immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. She responded well to enalapril and steroids, with a decrease in proteinuria. IgA nephropathy has not been previously reported in PSS. Complications such as IgA nephropathy in children with PSS would help to further delineate the diverse clinical presentations and the clinical course of this rare dermatosis. We discuss the mechanisms that could explain this hitherto unreported association.
Platonic Virtue: An Alternative Approach
Authors: Vasiliou Iakovos 
Published: September 2014

AbstractI begin by describing certain central features of a prominent Anglophone approach to Platonic virtue over the last few decades. I then present an alternative way of thinking about virtue in Plato that shifts central concern away from moral psychology and questions about virtue's relationship to happiness. The approach I defend focuses on virtue, both as a supreme aim of a person's actions and as something whose nature needs to be determined.