bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutraceutical and Pharmacological Benefits of Some Leguminous Plants of North‐Western Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Divya  , Thakur Shivani , Verma Mamta , Hajam Younis Ahamd , Kumar Rajesh , Dhull Sanju Bala , Rose Pawan Kumar , Muzaffar Nazish , Gautam Damodar 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTLegumes have various types of active constituents with disinfection and disease‐prevention properties. They are highly nutritious, providing carbohydrates, proteins, fibre, vitamins, copper, zinc, iron, magnesium and phosphorus. They are free of saturated fats and cholesterol. The Fabaceae or Leguminosae is regarded as legume family, which includes a major group of plant resources in the north‐western Himalayan region, primarily used as food as well as medicine. The term ‘Nutraceutical’ is derived from two words ‘nutrient’ means nourishing food component and ‘pharmaceutical’, which means a medicinal drug. It refers to any product derived from food resources having extra health benefits and nutritional value. These include minerals, vitamins, herbs and their extracts, which provide us with health benefits and play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases like diabetes, renal disorders, gastrointestinal ailments, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, allergies, eye conditions, obesity and so forth. Therefore, nutraceuticals may contribute to preventing chronic diseases, improving health, postponing the ageing process and increasing life expectancy by supporting the functions and integrity of the body. The north‐western Himalayan region has several species of legumes of utmost significance due to their nutraceutical and therapeutic potential. Among these, major legumes are lentil, chickpea, soybean, kidney bean and groundnut, while several others legumes have rather limited commercial significance. Various parts, that is, young pods, fresh or mature seeds, leaves and flowers, of these legume plants are used for human consumption. In this article, efforts have been made to compile the nutraceutical and medicinal inferences of leguminous plants of north‐west Himalaya. The information provided also pertains to the nutritional benefits, antinutritional properties and distribution of legumes in various regions of north‐western Himalaya through the analysis of different works available in the literature.
Composition‐Graded Perovskite Microwire Toward Broad Wavelength Tunable Single‐Mode Lasing
Authors: Lu Junfeng , He Xiaopeng , Li Fangtao , Li Meili , Xia Sihao , Zhang Linglong , Wang Xiaoxuan , Xu Juan , Zhu Yizhi , Huang Chaoyang , Ji Yanda , Kan Caixia , Xu Chunxiang , Pan Caofeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractContinuously manipulating the resonant wavelength of lasing modes within a large spectral range is of great significance for expanding device functionality. Here, to synthesize a single CsPbClxBr3‐x perovskite microwire with the energy bandgap gradient spanning from 2.33 to 2.83 eV along the length direction defined as the axis by using the vapor‐phase anion exchange method is proposed. A high‐quality (≈103), wide range (≈60 nm), and continuously tunable single‐mode laser is achieved in as‐prepared perovskite microwire alloy, which provides both gain media and microresonator. Simultaneously, the exciton recombination dynamics and atomic‐scale interdiffusion mechanisms at different components are clarified through time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra and theoretical calculations. The vacancy defects have a significant impact on the interdiffusion of halogen anions, excitonic recombination lifetime, and fluorescence quantum efficiency. The work provides a new strategy for the construction of new‐type broadband tunable lasers and high‐precision microspectrometers.
Pain in Multiple System Atrophy: A Community‐Based Survey
Authors: Campese Nicole , Göbel Georg , Wanschitz Julia , Schlager Andreas , Caliò Bianca , Leys Fabian , Bower Pam , Kellerman Larry , Zamarian Laura , Bannister Kirsty , Chaudhuri Kallol Ray , Schrag Anette , Freeman Roy , Kaufmann Horacio , Granata Roberta , Kiechl Stefan , Poewe Werner , Seppi Klaus , Wenning Gregor , Fanciulli Alessandra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPain is a frequent yet poorly characterized symptom of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Understanding the factors influencing pain and its burden is crucial for improving the symptomatic treatment and quality of life of MSA individuals.ObjectiveThis study aimed at assessing the prevalence, characteristics, and current treatment strategies for pain in MSA.MethodsA community‐based, online survey was conducted from February to May 2023. Invitations were extended to MSA individuals and informal MSA caregivers through patient advocacies and social media.ResultsWe included 190 persons with MSA and 114 caregivers. Eighty‐seven percent of MSA individuals reported pain, which was more prevalent among women (odds ratio [OR]: 6.38 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.27–32.08], P = 0.025) and low‐income groups (OR: 5.02 [95% CI: 1.32–19.08], P = 0.018). Neck and shoulders (58%), back (45%), and legs (45%) were mostly affected. In the neck and shoulders, pain was associated with MSA core features, like orthostatic intolerance (OR: 4.80 [95% CI: 1.92–12.02], P = 0.001) and antecollis (OR: 3.24 [95% CI: 1.54–6.82], P = 0.002). Seventy‐six percent of individuals experiencing pain received treatment, mostly nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (47%), acetaminophen (39%), and opioids (28%). Only 53% of respondents reported at least partial satisfaction with their current pain management. Pain mostly impacted work, household activities, and hobbies of MSA individuals, and caregivers' social activities.ConclusionsPain is more prevalent than previously reported in MSA and particularly affects women and low‐income groups. Despite its frequency, pain management remains suboptimal, highlighting an urgent therapeutic need, likely entailing an optimized management of MSA core motor and non‐motor features. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Fast and silent MRI using nonlinear gradient fields at the ultrasonic gradient switching frequency of 20 kHz with a Point Spread Function framework reconstruction
Authors: McGrory Michael J. B. , Versteeg Edwin , Sbrizzi Alessandro , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , Klomp Dennis , Siero Jeroen C. W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of using a nonlinear gradient field for spatial encoding at the ultrasonic switching frequency of 20 kHz and present a framework to reconstruct data acquired in this way.MethodsNonlinear encoding at 20 kHz was realized by using a single‐axis silent gradient insert for imaging in the periphery, that, is the nonlinear region, of the gradient field. The gradient insert induces a rapidly oscillating gradient field in the phase‐encode direction, which enables nonlinear encoding when combined with a Cartesian readout from the linear whole‐body gradients. Data from a 2D gradient echo sequence were reconstructed using a point spread function (PSF) framework. Accelerated scans were also simulated via retrospective undersampling (R = 1 to R = 8) to determine the effectiveness of the PSF‐framework for accelerated imaging.ResultsUsing a nonlinear gradient field switched at 20 kHz and the PSF‐framework resulted in images of comparable quality to images from conventional Cartesian linear encoding. At increased acceleration factors (R ≤ 8), the PSF‐framework outperformed linear SENSE reconstructions by improved controlling of aliasing artifacts.ConclusionUsing the PSF‐framework, images of comparable quality to conventional SENSE reconstructions are possible via combining traditional linear and ultrasonic oscillating nonlinear encoding fields. Using nonlinear gradient fields relaxes the demand for strictly linear gradient fields, enabling much higher slew rates with a reduced risk of peripheral nerve stimulation or cardiac stimulation, which could aid in extension to ultrasonic whole‐body MRI. The lack of aliasing artifacts also highlights the potential of accelerated imaging using the PSF‐framework.
A conflict of visions: Ideas shaping wildlife trade policy toward African megafauna
Authors: ʼt Sas‐Rolfes Michael , Gooden Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Among factors that threaten wild populations of African megafauna, wildlife trade has gained prominence as a global policy issue, with concerted international campaigns aiming to influence the trade of species such as elephants, rhinos and lions. Trade policy is strongly contested, confounding attempts to develop coherent approaches across jurisdictions and through international mechanisms such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This undermines conservation efforts. Understanding the drivers of such conflict may help to address this problem.

Scholars of political science increasingly recognise the power of ideas as drivers within policy processes. Guided by this literature, we developed an analytical framework and conducted a thematic analysis to examine the ideas driving wildlife trade policy conflict. Our nested case study approach examined debates over trade policy toward African elephants, rhinos and lions at two levels: the international policy arena of CITES and within a single country, South Africa. Informed by earlier literature, we tracked the evolution of international trade policy debates over a 4‐year period (2016–2019) and analysed submissions to a national policy review process in South Africa that took place during 2020.

During the study period, state and non‐state actors contributed to vigorous trade policy debates within seven key thematic issues across the case study species. Arguments were driven by both cognitive ideas, which specify cause‐and‐effect relationships, and normative ideas, which are values‐based and especially salient elements of anti‐trade stances.

Fusing these cognitive and normative ideational elements, we identified three distinct overarching narratives relating to wildlife trade policy. These three narratives align with broader environmental policy and political narratives and elucidate inherent tensions within the CITES arena. They also reveal differing ethical interpretations and perceptions of risk and precaution.

Policy implications. Wildlife trade policy conflict is driven at least in part by competing ideological visions, which may be entrenched by the CITES Appendix listing system. The structural role of CITES in perpetuating this polarisation—and the consequences thereof—warrants further research.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Childhood cancer surgery in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Pio Luca , Loh Amos , Harrison Derek , Gonzalez Gloria , Qureshi Sajid , Lakhoo Kokila , Abib Simone , Abdelhafeez Abdelhafeez H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis report summarizes the status of pediatric surgical oncology services in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Factors such as surgical capacity and enablers, and barriers to providing pediatric surgical oncology services are discussed. A review of the literature was conducted to examine the evidence for the capacity of low‐ and middle‐income countries to provide childhood cancer surgery services, focusing on general surgery. Unpublished, ongoing work and initiatives of international organizations are also described.
Sexually transmitted infection testing and diagnosis in adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Walden Joseph , Stanek Joseph R. , Ebersole Ashley M. , Nahata Leena , Creary Susan E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common and disproportionately affect Black adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Less is known about STIs among Black AYAs with chronic conditions, such as sickle cell disease (AYAs‐SCD). This study compared STI testing and diagnosis between AYAs‐SCD and their peers, overall and among STI‐related encounters.ProcedureThis retrospective, cross‐sectional study used diagnosis and billing codes in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) to identify inpatient and emergency department encounters from January 1, 2022 to May 31, 2023 among all AYAs 15–24 years and those with STI‐related diagnoses (e.g., “cystitis”). STI testing and diagnosis rates were compared between AYAs‐SCD, non‐Black AYAs, and Black AYAs, controlling for age, sex, and encounter setting.ResultsWe identified 3602 AYAs‐SCD, 177,783 Black AYAs, and 534,495 non‐Black AYAs. AYAs‐SCD were less likely to be tested for STIs than non‐Black AYAs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26; adj. p < .001) and Black AYAs (OR = 0.53; adj. p < .001). When tested, AYAs‐SCD were more likely to be diagnosed with an STI than non‐Black AYAs (OR = 2.39; adj. p = .006) and as likely as Black AYAs (OR = 0.67; adj. p = .15). Among STI‐related encounters, AYAs‐SCD were less likely to be tested than non‐Black AYAs (OR = 0.18; adj. p < .001) and Black AYAs (OR = 0.44; adj. p < .001). No significant differences in STI diagnoses were found in this subset between AYAs‐SCD and non‐Black AYAs (OR = 0.32; adj. p = .28) or Black AYAs (OR = 1.07; adj. p = .99).ConclusionsSTI care gaps may disproportionately affect AYAs‐SCD. STIs should be considered when evaluating symptomatic AYAs‐SCD in acute settings. More research is needed to further contextualize STI care for AYAs‐SCD.
Effect of hollow glass microspheres on transverse properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Tejasvi K. , Sharma Annu , Ranga K. V. S. , Gurusideswar S. , Sundar Singh P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHollow glass microsphere (HGM)—based composites are gaining popularity in materials research due to their ability in altering material characteristics drastically. The current study investigates HGMs filled carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CE) composites on transverse properties, aiming for aerospace and defense applications mainly in composite pressure vessels. Unidirectional laminates of Carbon/Epoxy with varying HGM percentages (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 wt. %) were wounded onto a flat‐plate mandrel using a 4‐axis filament winder, along with a baseline sample without HGM for comparison. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability were analyzed by carrying out dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The fracture mechanism of the samples loaded under tension was investigated using FESEM. Experimental results indicate reduction in density with increase in HGM content, up to 0.4% HGM there is increase in transverse tensile strength of 25% compared to baseline and further increase in HGM content, decrease trend is observed. 30% decrease in transverse compressive strength is observed compared from baseline to 1.0 wt. % of HGM. No significant change was noticed in the thermal stability and Tg on introduction of HGM. Microscopy images of fractured samples revealed effective physical interaction and dispersion of the HGM within the matrix.Highlights
Transverse mechanical properties are tested to know the influence of HGM filler on filament wound composites.
Density of the composite decreases with increase in HGM content.
Thermal stability and Tg shows less change on introduction of HGM in composites.
Stability study of Nepeta cataria iridoids analyzed by LC/MS
Authors: Lockhart Anthony , Simon James Edward , Wu Qingli 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionCatnip (Nepeta cataria, L.) has well‐documented applications in arthropod repellency because of its bioactive iridoids. Long‐term stability of nepetalactones and other iridoids in N. cataria are needed to develop as effective pest repellents.ObjectivesThe present work intends to measure iridoid concentration over time in biomass, plant extracts, and extract solution while identifying degradative byproducts under different storage conditions.MethodologySamples of desiccated biomass, ethanol extract, and extract in ethanol solution were stored in ambient light or darkness. Through UHPLC‐QTOF/MS or UHPLC‐QQQ/MS, the concentration of Z,E‐nepetalactone, E,Z‐nepetalactone, nepetalic acid, and dihydronepetalactone were examined over 2 years and statistically analyzed for determination of best storage practices. Degradation kinetics were applied to each analyte using graphical estimation. With targeted formula searching, degradative byproducts were identified and quantified.ResultsLight exposure caused significant decreases in E,Z‐nepetalactone concentration in all sample types, while having no effect on Z,E‐nepetalactone as it decayed more rapidly. Extract samples lost nepetalactone content faster than biomass or extract solution. Dihydronepetalactone levels were low, but never declined over 2 years. Nepetalic acid increased over some periods, depending on sample type, indicating a relationship between the acid and nepetalactone. Four degradative byproducts—nepetonic acid, dehydronepetalactone, an anhydride, and an ethanolic ester—were identified, with variable responses to light exposure.ConclusionsProtecting catnip products from light is necessary to preserve nepetalactones, and a discernable difference in nepetalactone isomer stability was discovered. Identifying Nepeta chemotypes rich in dihydronepetalactone may provide more resilient botanicals as starting materials for processing.
Risk of Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Following Early‐Onset Idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome Treatment
Authors: Costales Brianna , Vouri Scott M. , Brown Joshua D. , Setlow Barry , Goodin Amie J. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeTo estimate incidence rates of suicidal ideation and behavior following treatment initiation with gabapentinoids or dopamine agonists (DAs) in patients with newly diagnosed early‐onset idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) and to examine suicidal behavior risk, comparing between those receiving gabapentinoids and DAs.MethodsA new user retrospective cohort study using MarketScan claims data from 2012 to 2019 was conducted. Exposures were monotherapy gabapentinoids or DAs initiated within 60 days of new RLS diagnosis. Three varying outcome measures of suicidality were examined and incidence rates were calculated for each. A log‐binomial regression model the estimated relative risk (RR) of the outcomes with gabapentinoids. Propensity score weighting adjusted for baseline covariates, including age, substance use disorders, hyperlipidemia, antipsychotic use, hypnotic/sedative use, and mood stabilizer use, which were most imbalanced before weighting.ResultsThe cohort included 6672 patients, with 4986 (74.7%) initiating a DA and 1686 (25.3%) initiating a gabapentinoid. Incidence rates for all outcome measures were higher in the gabapentinoid group (suicidality: 21.6 vs. 10.7 per 1000 person‐years; suicidality with self‐harm: 23.0 vs. 11.1 per 1000 person‐years; overdose‐ and suicide‐related events: 30.0 vs. 15.5 person‐years). Associated risk of suicidality (adjusted RR, 1.27 [95% CI, 0.86–1.88]); suicidality with self‐harm (adjusted RR, 1.30 [95% CI, 0.89–1.90]); or overdose‐ and suicide‐related events (adjusted RR, 1.30 [95% CI, 0.93–1.80]) was not significant with gabapentinoids.ConclusionsIncidence rates for suicidal ideation and behavior were higher among the gabapentinoid group, although increased risk was not detected after adjustment. A possible signal cannot be ruled out given limitations of the data and rarity of the outcome.
Synthesis and characterization of additively manufactured microcapsule‐reinforced polylactic acid composites for autonomous self‐healing
Authors: Mudakavi Deepak , G Karunya , Varsha Patel , M Adinarayanappa Somashekara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMaterial extrusion‐based additive manufacturing (AM) process builds the objects/structures through a precise feedstock deposition in a layer‐by‐layer manner. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a popular biodegradable feedstock in AM, while octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) is known for its eco‐friendliness and ultraviolet (UV) protection properties. The present study focuses on the novel infusion methodology of OMC‐based microcapsules into PLA to develop self‐healing composite filaments. Post‐composition iterations, the optimum compositions for the filler and plasticizer were determined, and the filaments were extruded. Microcapsule‐infused PLA and the neat PLA samples were printed as per the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard. The uniaxial tensile test results showed that the failure strain endured by the microcapsule‐infused samples was about 10 times more than the neat PLA counterparts. It is attributed to the effective load distribution and the complex polymerization reaction (due to the interaction of OMC with the matrix). Fracture surface morphology of the samples via optical microscopy (OM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) affirmed the strong PLA‐OMC interface. A depreciation in the Brinell Hardness for the microcapsule‐based samples was due to the localized indenter force, causing greater damage in a narrow area than microcapsule ruptures' healing ability.Highlights
The optimized composition of PLA: plasticizer:microcapsule is 1:0.04:0.05.
Microcapsule‐infused PLA has improved Young's modulus and failure strain.
Interaction with microcapsules improves elastic behavior and self‐healing.
FESEM reveals close bonding of microcapsule with the PLA matrix.