bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Farmers' Attachments to Production Agriculture
Authors: Beck Roger J. , Frymire Eric H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHow economic factors such as the employment structure in rural communities affect the structure of agriculture, particularly through the rural labor market needs to be addressed. This paper uses principal components analysis to form an index reflecting attachment of Illinois farm operators to production agriculture. Between 1978 and 1982 farm operators in Illinois counties dominated by larger farms were more likely to devote more time to available off‐farm employment opportunities than farm operators in counties characterized by smaller farms.
Replacement of Taxes on Farm and Residential Property by Increasing the State Income Tax in Illinois: A Simulation
Authors: Little Randall D. , Fettig Lyle P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractProperty taxation has long been the focus of debate and criticism. Decreasing reliance on property taxation requires either cutting government services or increasing reliance on alternative revenue sources. This study estimates the effect on the statutory tax burden of partly or fully replacing the farm and residential property tax with an increased state income tax in Illinois, according to groupings of counties.
Farm Operator Characteristics: Implications for Policy
Authors: Lambert Charles D. , Kelley Paul L. , Flinchbaugh Barry L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUse of a single measure, annual gross sales, to define the alleged emerging bimodal structure of U.S. agriculture has serious limitations and implications for: (1) targeting public policy interventions, (2) the structure of research and extension programs at Land Grant Universities, (3) public administrative agencies, (4) farm organizations and (5) farm operators. The authors conclude that multi‐dimensional specification of current and emerging farm structures is essential to determine impacts of public and private programs targeted at the farm operator level. This conclusion was the result of analyzing relationships of nine economic and demographic factors to annual gross sales.
Estimating the Regional Demand for Softwood Lumber in the United States
Authors: Uri Noel D. , Boyd Roy 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study examines whether the regional demand for softwood lumber in the United States is dependent on market factors including the price of softwood lumber, the price of other building materials and economic activity, as measured by housing starts. The empirical results suggest that the quantity of softwood lumber demanded does vary in response to fluctuations in the softwood lumber price in three of the four regions considered and it does change with movements in the other explanatory factors (e.g., the price of other building materials and housing starts) in all regions. Finally, in an effort to explain the insignificance of the softwood lumber price in explaining changes in softwood lumber demanded in the West region, regression diagnostics are used. The analysis, however, sheds little light on the result.
Bridging the scales: semantic integration of quantitative SBML in graphical multi-cellular models and simulations with EPISIM and COPASI
Authors: Sütterlin Thomas , Kolb Christoph , Dickhaus Hartmut , Jäger Dirk , Grabe Niels 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Biological reality can in silico only be comprehensively represented in multi-scaled models. To this end, cell behavioural models addressing the multi-cellular level have to be semantically linked with mechanistic molecular models. These requirements have to be met by flexible software workflows solving the issues of different time scales, inter-model variable referencing and flexible sub-model embedding.
Results: We developed a novel software workflow (EPISIM) for the semantic integration of Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML)-based quantitative models in multi-scaled tissue models and simulations. This workflow allows to import and access SBML-based models. SBML model species, reactions and parameters are semantically integrated in cell behavioural models (CBM) represented by graphical process diagrams. By this, cellular states like proliferation and differentiation can be flexibly linked to gene-regulatory or biochemical reaction networks. For a multi-scale agent-based tissue simulation executable code is automatically generated where different time scales of imported SBML models and CBM have been mapped. We demonstrate the capabilities of the novel software workflow by integrating Tyson’s cell cycle model in our model of human epidermal tissue homeostasis. Finally, we show the semantic interplay of the different biological scales during tissue simulation.
Availability: The EPISIM platform is available as binary executables for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X at http://www.tiga.uni-hd.de. Supplementary data are available at http://www.tiga.uni-hd.de/supplements/SemSBMLIntegration.html.
Contact: niels.grabe@bioquant.uni-heidelberg.de
Visualization and Phospholipid Identification (VaLID): online integrated search engine capable of identifying and visualizing glycerophospholipids with given mass
Authors: Blanchard Alexandre P. , McDowell Graeme S. V. , Valenzuela Nico , Xu Hongbin , Gelbard Sarah , Bertrand Martin , Slater Gary W. , Figeys Daniel , Fai Stephen , Bennett Steffany A. L. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Establishing phospholipid identities in large lipidomic datasets is a labour-intensive process. Where genomics and proteomics capitalize on sequence-based signatures, glycerophospholipids lack easily definable molecular fingerprints. Carbon chain length, degree of unsaturation, linkage, and polar head group identity must be calculated from mass to charge (m/z) ratios under defined mass spectrometry (MS) conditions. Given increasing MS sensitivity, many m/z values are not represented in existing prediction engines. To address this need, Visualization and Phospholipid Identification is a web-based application that returns all theoretically possible phospholipids for any m/z value and MS condition. Visualization algorithms produce multiple chemical structure files for each species. Curated lipids detected by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Training Program in Neurodegenerative Lipidomics are provided as high-resolution structures.
Availability: VaLID is available through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Training Program in Neurodegenerative Lipidomics resources web site at https://www.med.uottawa.ca/lipidomics/resources.html.
Contacts: lipawrd@uottawa.ca
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Gender Discrimination in Job Ads: Evidence from China *
Authors: Kuhn Peter , Shen Kailing 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe study explicit gender discrimination in a population of ads on a Chinese Internet job board. Gender-targeted job ads are common, favor women as often as men, and are much less common in jobs requiring higher levels of skill. Employers’ relative preferences for female versus male workers, on the other hand, are more strongly related to the preferred age, height, and beauty of the worker than to job skill levels. Almost two thirds of the variation in advertised gender preferences occurs within firms, and one third occurs within firm*occupation cells. Overall, these patterns are not well explained by a firm-level animus model, by a glass-ceiling model, or by models in which broad occupational categories are consistently gendered across firms. Instead, the patterns suggest a model in which firms have idiosyncratic preferences for particular job-gender matches, which are overridden in skilled positions by factors such as thinner labor markets or a greater incentive to search broadly for the most qualified candidate.
Human Capital and Regional Development *
Authors: Gennaioli Nicola , La Porta Rafael , Lopez-de-Silanes Florencio , Shleifer Andrei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe investigate the determinants of regional development using a newly constructed database of 1,569 subnational regions from 110 countries covering 74% of the world’s surface and 97% of its GDP. We combine the cross-regional analysis of geographic, institutional, cultural, and human capital determinants of regional development with an examination of productivity in several thousand establishments located in these regions. To organize the discussion, we present a new model of regional development that introduces into a standard migration framework elements of both the Lucas (1978) model of the allocation of talent between entrepreneurship and work, and the Lucas (1988) model of human capital externalities. The evidence points to the paramount importance of human capital in accounting for regional differences in development, but also suggests from model estimation and calibration that entrepreneurial inputs and possibly human capital externalities help understand the data.
Elk herbivory alters small mammal assemblages in high‐elevation drainages
Authors: Parsons Elliott W. R. , Maron John L. , Martin Thomas E. 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Heavy herbivory by ungulates can substantially alter habitat, but the indirect consequences of habitat modification for animal assemblages that rely on that habitat are not well studied. This is a particularly important topic given that climate change can alter plant–herbivore interactions.
We explored short‐term responses of small mammal communities to recent exclusion of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) in high‐elevation riparian drainages in northern Arizona, where elk impacts on vegetation have increased over the past quarter century associated with climate change. We used 10‐ha elk exclosures paired with unfenced control drainages to examine how browsing influenced the habitat use, relative abundance, richness and diversity of a small mammal assemblage.
We found that the small mammal assemblage changed significantly after 5 years of elk exclusion. Relative abundance of voles (Microtus mexicanus) increased in exclosure drainages, likely due to an increase in habitat quality. The relative abundances of woodrats (Neotoma neomexicana) and two species of mice (Peromyscus maniculatus and P. boylii) decreased in the controls, while remaining stable in exclosures. The decline of mice in control drainages was likely due to the decline in shrub cover that they use. Thus, elk exclusion may have maintained or improved habitat for mice inside the exclosures while habitat quality and mouse abundance both declined outside the fences. Finally, small mammal species richness increased in the exclosures relative to the controls while species diversity showed no significant trends.
Together, our results show that relaxation of heavy herbivore pressure by a widespread native ungulate can lead to rapid changes in small mammal assemblages. Moreover, exclusion of large herbivores can yield rapid responses by vegetation that may enhance or maintain habitat quality for small mammal populations.
Therapeutic use of self as defined by Swedish occupational therapists working with clients with cognitive impairments following acquired brain injury: A Delphi study
Authors: Holmqvist Kajsa , Holmefur Marie , Ivarsson Ann‐Britt 
Published: November 2012

Background/aimThe concept therapeutic use of self has mainly been described theoretically. Empirical descriptions are few and empirical validation is needed to make the concept more useful for informing practice and explaining what occupational therapists do in the interaction with their clients to facilitate successful outcomes. The aim of this study was to empirically define the aspects that occupational therapists working with clients with cognitive impairments following acquired brain injury find are consistent with the concept of therapeutic use of self.MethodThirteen expert occupational therapists participated. Reactive Delphi technique in three rounds was used where each round built on the results of the previous one. A questionnaire based on current literature was developed for the first round.ResultsTwenty of 33 statements reached a consensus level of 75% or more. These statements reflected the therapists' consciousness, self‐awareness and use of personal characteristics. The statements also concerned the intentions of therapeutic use of self, including client group‐specific intentions such as enhancing self‐awareness. The results indicate that the content of the concept may be defined differently depending on the client group.ConclusionsThe empirical descriptions generated from this study may help occupational therapists working with clients with cognitive impairments following acquired brain injury to describe how and with what intention they use themselves therapeutically in the rehabilitation process. In occupational therapy education, the results may be used to highlight how the concept may be understood in practice and to discuss it in relation to different client groups.
Impact of an occupation‐based self‐management programme on chronic disease management
Authors: Toole Lynn O' , Connolly Deirdre , Smith Susan 
Published: November 2012

IntroductionThere is a need for the development and evaluation of occupational therapy interventions enabling participation and contributing to self‐management for individuals with multiple chronic conditions. This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and potential impact of an occupation‐based self‐management programme for community living individuals with multiple chronic conditions.MethodsSixteen participants completed a six‐week programme. Assessments were conducted at baseline, immediately post‐intervention and at eight‐week follow‐up. Sixteen participants provided immediate follow‐up data and 15 participants provided eight‐week follow‐up data. Outcome measures included participation in occupations; perceptions of occupational performance and satisfaction; self‐efficacy; depression, anxiety and quality of life. Focus groups explored participants' perceptions of the programme.ResultsThe findings are promising and indicate that the programme delivery was feasible. Significant differences were found immediately post‐intervention in frequency of activity participation (P = 0.008), including domestic (P = 0.040) and work/leisure activities (P = 0.015), self‐perceptions of occupational performance (P = 0.017) and satisfaction with same (P = 0.023). At eight‐week follow‐up, significant differences continued to be found in frequency of activity participation (P = 0.018), including work/leisure activities (P = 0.038), perceptions of occupational performance (P = 0.010) and satisfaction (P = 0.008) and self‐efficacy (P = 0.050). No differences were found in anxiety, depression or quality of life at follow‐up periods. Focus group data supported the programme's impact on activity participation and self‐efficacy.ConclusionDespite the small sample in this pilot study there were significant improvements in occupational performance and the findings provide support for the programme. However, there is a need to test the intervention rigorously with a definitive randomised trial in a primary care setting.
Examining contemporary motor control theories from the perspective of degrees of freedom
Authors: Li Kuan‐Yi 
Published: November 2012

Background/aimOccupational therapy aims to restore independent living skills and to improve social participation for clients; therefore, optimising motor ability can be a major goal during intervention in clinical practice. Choosing the adequate approach for each client is critical to achieve treatment goals. As frame of reference is based on contemporary theories related to human behaviours, it is crucial to synthesise current theories of motor control for clinical application. In this review, four motor control theories were examined by the Bernstein's classical question: redundant degrees of freedom. By addressing the central issue in motor control theories, the strengths and weaknesses for each theory were discussed in detail.MethodsClassical literatures were selected for each theory and related references were reviewed as evidence to support the potential biological plausibility.ResultsThe research of motor control theories have been developed for over centuries, researchers still strive to discover how human beings execute movements. To date, motor control theories were mainly proposed by three disciplines: biology, psychology and engineering. Each discipline has unique perspective to develop solutions for understanding the processes behind the execution of movement.ConclusionFor occupational therapists in clinics, it is imperative to integrate current knowledge and motor control theories into practice and to explore new approaches to treat clients with motor disability.
Deficits in social perception in opioid maintenance patients, abstinent opioid users and non‐opioid users
Authors: McDonald Skye , Darke Shane , Kaye Sharlene , Torok Michelle 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to compare emotion perception and social inference in opioid maintenance patients with abstinent ex‐users and non‐heroin‐using controls, and determine whether any deficits in could be accounted for by cognitive deficits and/or risk factors for brain damage.DesignCase–control.SettingSydney, Australia.ParticipantsA total of 125 maintenance patients (MAIN), 50 abstinent opiate users (ABST) and 50 matched controls (CON).MeasurementsThe Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) was used to measure emotion perception and social inference. Measures were also taken of executive function, working memory, information processing speed, verbal/non‐verbal learning and psychological distress.FindingsAfter adjusting for age, sex, pre‐morbid IQ and psychological distress, the MAIN group was impaired relative to CON (β = −0.19, P < 0.05) and ABST (β = −0.19, P < 0.05) on emotion perception and relative to CON (β = −0.25, P < 0.001) and ABST (β = −0.24, P < 0.01) on social inference. In neither case did the CON and ABST groups differ. For both emotion perception (P < 0.001) and social inference (P < 0.001), pre‐morbid IQ was a significant independent predictor. Cognitive function was a major predictor of poor emotion perception (β = −0.44, P < 0.001) and social inference (β = −0.48, P < 0.001). Poor emotion recognition was also predicted by number of heroin overdoses (β = −0.14, P < 0.05). Neither time in treatment or type of maintenance medication (methadone or buprenorphine) were related to performance.ConclusionsPeople in opioid maintenance treatment may have an impaired capacity for emotion perception and ability to make inferences about social situations.
Secular trends in weight, height and BMI in young Swedes: The ‘Grow up Gothenburg’ Studies
Authors: Lissner L , Mehlig K , Sjöberg A , Chaplin J , Niklasson A , Albertsson‐Wikland K 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThis study aims to document secular differences in anthropometry (level and variability of weight, height, BMI) in two cohorts born around 1990 and 1974 and examined as young adults.MethodsDescriptive results are presented for the complete cohorts. The final analysis age‐matched the cohorts (mean, 18.8 years) and employed CDC z‐scores to compare means and distributions of weight, height and BMI.ResultsZ‐scores for weight, height and BMI were higher in later‐born (1990) boys, while in girls weight and height increased over this period without resulting in increased BMI. At the same time, in boys the BMI variances increased, confirming a simultaneous emergence of more overweight and more underweight. In girls, the BMI variance did not increase significantly. Sensitivity analyses, excluding subjects not born in Sweden, confirmed increasing BMI trends in boys.ConclusionThis study documents that gender differences in the recent childhood obesity epidemic can also be observed in young Swedes as they enter adulthood. Comparing two cohorts of high school students born around 1974 or 1990, less favourable trends in weight status were seen in boys than in girls. Finally, secular increases in height, already observed earlier in the 20th century, continued in these more contemporary cohorts.
Coping styles of individuals at clinical high risk for developing psychosis
Authors: Jalbrzikowski Maria , Sugar Catherine A. , Zinberg Jamie , Bachman Peter , Cannon Tyrone D. , Bearden Carrie E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThere is a wealth of evidence suggesting that patients with schizophrenia tend to respond to life stressors using less effective coping skills, which are in turn related to poor outcome. However, the contribution of coping strategies to outcome in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing psychosis has not been investigated.MethodsThis longitudinal study followed CHR youth over a 12‐month period, using the Brief COPE questionnaire. CHR subjects (n = 88) were compared at baseline with a healthy control sample (n = 53), and then mixed models were used to explore the relationship of coping strategies to clinical and psychosocial outcomes in CHR subjects over time (n = 102).ResultsCross‐sectional analyses revealed that, in comparison with healthy controls, CHR youth reported using more maladaptive coping strategies (P < 0.001) and fewer adaptive coping strategies (P < 0.01). Longitudinal analyses within the CHR group showed significant decreases in maladaptive coping and symptom severity over time, with corresponding improvements in social and role functioning. Adaptive coping was associated with better concurrent social functioning and less severe symptomatology (both P < 0.001). Over time, more maladaptive coping was associated with more severe positive and negative symptoms (both P < 0.005).ConclusionsYouth at risk for psychosis report using fewer adaptive and more maladaptive coping strategies relative to healthy controls. Over 1‐year follow‐up, more adaptive coping styles are associated with less severe clinical symptomatology and better social functioning. These findings suggest that teaching adaptive coping styles may be an important target for intervention in youth at high risk for psychosis.
A Nordic Perspective on Early Childhood Education and Care Policy
Authors: Karila Kirsti 
Published: November 2012

The national policies and historical roots of early childhood education (ECE) vary from society to society. In the Nordic countries, early childhood education and care (ECEC) policies have been built in the context of the welfare state. As such, they are closely connected to other welfare policy areas such as social policy, family policy and education policy, in addition to which a close relationship with labour policy is also evident. This article sheds light on the historical roots of Nordic ECEC policies by describing the commonalities and differences between the Nordic countries. The ‘Nordic model’ is commonly described as integrated. Education, teaching and caring form an integrated unit and the term early childhood education and care is therefore typically used when describing the ‘Nordic model’. It is also said to be based on a child‐centred, holistic approach with an emphasis on participation, democracy, autonomy and freedom, while its track record of high quality ECE services is considered to be due in part to the use of a well‐trained workforce.The Nordic countries are, however, developing and redefining their ECEC policies in the global economic and cultural context, in which governments have to choose their priorities. Pressure to standardize ECE services is also apparent, and signs of erosion of the key elements of the Nordic model have been seen in recent policy debates. This paper discusses the current direction of Nordic ECE policy making and the future of the Nordic model.