bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Protective Effect of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor (rG‐CSF) on Pseudomonas Infection
Authors: Matsumoto Masahiko , Tamura Masahiko , Matsubara Shuzo , Matsuno Takashi , Ono Masayoshi , Yokota Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDecrease in resistance to systemic Pseudomonas infection in cyclophosphamide (CPA)‐induced neutropenic mice was prevented by injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (rG‐CSF). In order to explore mechanism of the prevention of CPA‐induced decrease in the anti‐infectious resistance by rG‐CSF, CPA‐treated and then rG‐CSF‐injected mice were inoculated i.p. with P. aeruginosa, and growth of the infecting bacteria and infiltration of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity were determined. In the mice who had received 4 daily s.c. injections of rG‐CSF from the day after CPA‐injection, a large number of neutrophils were mobilized into the peritoneal cavity in response to the bacterial inoculation and growth of the infecting Pseudomonas in the cavity was markedly‐inhibited, whereas in CPA‐induced neutropenic mice few neutrophils were mobilized and the infecting bacteria proliferated vigorously in the peritoneal cavity. These results suggest that administration of rG‐CSF prevents CPA‐induced neutropenia and neutrophils circulating at normal level in the number are normally mobilized into the peritoneal cavity in response to Pseudomonas inoculation, and that the mobilized neutrophils inhibit proliferation of the infecting Pseudomonas.
Experimental Infection of Specific‐Pathogen‐Free Mice with Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157: H7
Authors: Xin‐He Lai , Xu Jian‐guo , Liu Bing‐yang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBy subcutaneous inoculation of 108 CFU of enterohemorrhagic E. coli 0157:H7, specific‐pathogen‐free mice revealed most of the symptoms and histological changes observed in patients. The histological changes in intestine were mainly seen in the distal parts of small intestine and the cecum. Vacuolation of villi in the cecum was also observed. The histological changes in the kidneys of the infected mice were featured as the swollen epithelial cells of glomeruli and the marked thickening of glomerular capillaries with barely visible lumens. Unexpected findings in the bronchiole were characterized by sloughing of the epithelial cells of bronchiolar wall, leading to partial or complete obstruction of the lumens. Histological changes in the spleen, liver and lymphnodes were also observed. The bacteria were recovered from the feces, contents of small intestine, and samples taken from kidney, liver, heart, spleen, different parts of small intestine, cecum, and colon. By using peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP) assay with polyclonal antibodies against “O” antigen of E. coli 0157:H7, it was observed that the samples taken from the brain, kidney, ileum, cecum, spleen, and liver gave positive reactions. Feces and contents of small intestine obtained from all of the infected animals were positive by occult blood test. These results show that the experimental infection of E. coli 0157:H7 in this model is systemic in nature.
Electron Microscopic Studies on the in vitro Proliferation of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia Isolated in Japan
Authors: Amano Ken‐ichi , Hatakeyama Hiroshi , Sasaki Yoshimitsu , Ito Reietsu , Tamura Akira , Suto Tsunehisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRickettsia was isolated from a patient with Japanese spotted fever, and its proliferation in cultured green monkey kidney cells was observed by electron microscopy. In the course of this study, we observed fusion of infected cells to uninfected cells which may be a way of spreading the rickettsiae from a cell to another. On the other hand, whirlpool‐like, multilayer membranous structures, similar to the mesosomes of gram‐negative bacteria, were sometimes seen in the rickettsial cells. The other profiles common to the other rickettsiae in spotted fever group were observed, such as the electron‐lucent halo zone around the rickettsiae, and external fibrous materials on their surface, but intranuclear multiplication was rarely observed.
Chemical Structure of the 2‐Keto‐3‐Deoxyoctonate (KDO) Region of the Lipopolysaccharide Isolated from O1 Vibrio cholerae NIH 4IR (Ogawa)
Authors: Kondo Seiichi , Haishima Yuji , Hisatsune Kazuhito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe chemical structure of the 2‐keto‐3‐deoxyoctonate (KDO) region of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Ol V. cholerae NIH 41R (Ogawa) was elucidated by dephosphorylation, periodate oxidation and methylation analysis. Methylation analysis of KDO in the dephosphorylated LPS revealed the presence of 5‐O‐acetyl‐1,2,4,6,7,8‐hexa‐O‐methyl‐3‐deoxy‐octitol and 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐heptulosonic acid was detected in the methanolysate of the periodate‐oxidized and dephosphorylated LPS. These results indicated that the site of binding of KDO to the core oligosaccharide is position C5 as in enteric gram‐negative bacterial LPS, while only one molecule of the KDO residue carrying phosphate on position C4 is present in the inner core region of the LPS in contrast to enteric gram‐negative bacterial LPS in which one molecule of KDO carrying KDO or KDO2→4KDO disaccharide instead of the phosphate group at position C4 is present in its main chain.
Antibody Production Useful for Cytotoxicity against Mouse MM2 Tumor Cells by Peritoneal Macrophages
Authors: Natsuume‐Sakai Shunnosuke , Murayama Tsugiya , Furukawa Toru , Koshimura Saburo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe applied an antibody‐dependent macrophage‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADMC) test in order to analyze the effector mechanism of the host‐mediated antitumor effects induced by OK‐432. Adherent peritoneal exudate (PE) cells were obtained from each of high (C3H/He) and low (B10) responder mice treated with OK‐432. and 51Cr‐labeled MM2 tumor cells were used as target cells. The cytotoxic activity in vitro coincided well with the results obtained in in vivo antitumor experiments. When adherent PE cells from C3H/He mice reacted with anti‐MM2 serum from B10 mice, the degree of ADMC was significantly lower than that obtained with the anti‐MM2 serum from C3H/He mice. The removal of IgGl from the anti‐MM2 serum induced in B10 mice resulted in the enhancement of ADMC activity. Then mean level of IgG2 in each of anti‐MM2 sera from C3H/He and B10 mice was higher than in normal serum, and the IgG1 level in the antiserum from B10 mice was also higher than that in the serum from normal B10 mice. The present work suggested that the active component(s) in anti‐MM2 serum participating in ADMC was a specific antibody of the IgG2 subclass, and that the inhibiting factor(s) was the IgG1 subclass.
Suppression of Lymphocyte Signal Transduction by Murine Mastocytoma Ascites
Authors: Ding Linna , Isobe Ken‐ichi , Yoshida Tomoaki , Nakashima Izumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe lymphocyte signal transduction, as determined by intracellular free Ca2+ mobilization of concanavalin A‐stimulated T lymphocytes and of antiimmunoglobulin μ chain antibody‐stimulated B lymphocytes, was suppressed in spleen cells from mice injected with murine Pl.HTR mastocytoma‐induced ascites and in spleen cells treated with the ascites in vitro. The suppression was observed both at the peak level and in the reactive pattern of Ca2+ influx. In the suppression, the ascites were replaceable with tumor culture supernatants or tumor homogenates. Correspondingly, primary and secondary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses of DBA/2 mice to allogeneic antigen were also significantly suppressed by injection of the syngeneic Pl.HTR tumor‐derived ascites. This new finding suggested that the mechanism of the tumorous ascites or of the tumor‐derived factor‐mediated immunosuppression involves at least in part the suppression of the early event of the signal transduction for lymphocyte activation.
Platelet Aggregation by Strains of Enterococci
Authors: Usui Yukio , Ichiman Yoshitoshi , Suganuma Masaru , Yoshida Kosaku 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe platelet aggregation capability of whole cells of Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium and E. avium was tested. The optimum ratios of bacteria to platelets in E. faecalis (strain SMU‐37), E. faecium (strain SMU‐138) and E. avium (strain SMU‐197) were 1.0, 1.2 and 2.0, respectively. During the platelet aggregation induced by the three strains of enterococci, 65–69% of total serotonin was released. The aggregation was totally inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetate (10 mM) and apyrase (1 mg/ml), while no effect was shown by aspirin (10 mM), indomethacin (10 mM) and quinacrine (1 mM). By pretreatment of platelet‐poor plasma with heat (56 C, 30 min) or zymosan, the reactivities with platelets of each strain of species were markedly diminished. These results suggest that enterococci‐induced platelet aggregation was an ion‐dependent, cyclooxygenase‐insensitive event, and plasma component(s) was (were) required for the reaction.
Natural Killer (NK) Cell Activating Factor Produced by a Human T‐Cell Hybridoma
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshiro , Yoshimatsu Kentaro , Osawa Toshiaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA human T‐cell hybridoma (KC8–1.10), whose culture supernatant augments peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL)‐mediated spontaneous cytotoxicity against K562 cells, was established. This activity [natural killer (NK) cell activating activity] appears to be not due to interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) for the following reasons: 1) KC8–1.10 produced negligible or small amounts of IFNs and IL‐2. 2) The NK cell activating activity in the KC8–1.10 culture supernatant was not neutralized by anti‐IFN‐γ antiserum and stable even after pH 2 treatment for 24 hr, which is known to destroy IFN‐γ activity, 3) IL‐2‐dependent cell line absorbed IL‐2 more efficiently than it absorbed the NK cell activating activity, and the latter activity was not retained by Blue Sepharose column in contrast with IL‐2. The NK cell activating factor in the KC8–1.10 culture supernatant appears to be a glycoprotein, because the activity was abolished with pronase treatment or with boiling for 5 min and because the activity was retained by concanavalin A‐ and Pisum sativum agglutinin‐agarose. Finally it was found that the NK cell activating activity requires Leu 11b+ cells to exert its effect.
Inhibitor of Interferon‐Induced Double‐Stranded RNA‐ Dependent Protein Kinase and Its Relevance to Alteration of Cellular Protein Kinase Activity Level in Response to External Stimuli
Authors: Saito Sakura , Kawakita Masao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn FL cells, interferon (IFN)‐induced dsRNA‐dependent protein kinase (PK‐I) was found to be present in a form complexed with a potent inhibitor of its dsRNA‐dependent activation. The inhibitor was readily dissociated from PK‐I by DEAE‐cellulose chromatography to yield a dsRNA‐responsive PK‐I. The inhibitor was also dissociated easily from PK‐I by gel filtration through Sephacryl S‐200. The apparent molecular mass of the inhibitor as estimated by gel filtration was more than 160 kilodaltons. Activity of the inhibitor was decreased on IFN treatment for 8.5 hr or on Sindbis virus infection with concomitant increase in the amount of dsRNA‐activatable form of PK‐I. This result implies that the inhibitor may be one of the regulatory factors of cellular PK‐I activity. Longer IFN treatment (24 hr) led to recovery of the inhibitor activity, but it was overridden by an extensive net synthesis of the PK‐I protein.
Immune Response of Mice Infected with Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses Carrying the HIV gag Gene
Authors: Sugata Fumihiko , Aoki Naoto , Shioda Tatsuo , Hayashi Takuma , Shimada Kaoru , Mitamura Keiji , Shibuta Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe examined mouse immune response to 4 kinds of recombinant vaccinia viruses carrying the HIV gag gene, including vac‐gag/pol, which produces HIV‐like particles with processed gag proteins; vac‐gag, which also produces HIV‐like particles but with unprocessed gag protein; and vac‐gag‐pol‐fuse and vac‐es‐gag/pol, neither of which produces such particles but releases reverse transcriptase and gag protein, respectively, from infected cells. Although infection of mice with recombinant vaccinia viruses induced production of the anti‐p24 antibody in all mice, vac‐gag/pol and vac‐es‐pol induced higher production than the other two recombinants. Increase in [3H]thymidine uptake by splenic lymphocytes following p24 antigen stimulation was most evident in mice infected with vac‐gag/pol. Thus, the highest immune reaction, both humoral and cellular, was elicited by vac‐gag/pol, indicating that among those tested, this recombinant vaccinia virus is the best candidate for a vaccine that induces anti‐HIV gag immunity.
Japanese Encephalitis Virus Fusion Protein with Protein A Expressed in Escherichia coli Confers Protective Immunity in Mice
Authors: Srivastava Ashok Kumar , Morita Kouichi , Matsuo Sachiko , Tanaka Mariko , Igarashi Akira 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA complementary DNA (cDNA) that codes C‐terminal, one‐third of envelope glycoprotein (E) and N‐terminal 65 amino acids of NS1 protein of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus was inserted into Escherichia coli expression vector pRIT2T. The inserted gene was expressed as a fusion protein with protein A, and the expressed protein was intraperitoneally injected into mice. The immunized mice produced anti‐JE antibodies measured by the hemagglutination‐inhibition and neutralization tests as well as ELISA and were protected from the lethal challenge of JE virus by intraperitoneal inoculation.
Detection and Quantitative Assessment of a Vibrio cholerae O1 Species in Several Foods by a Novel Enzyme Immunoassay
Authors: Kitagawa Tsunehiro , Tsutida Yoshiko , Murakami Ritsuko , Tanimori Hideaki , Hu Jian‐guo , Utsunomiya Akiyoshi , Naito Tatsuro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA selected antibody enzyme immunoassay (SAEIA) for the general detection of Vibrio cholerae O1 species has been developed using the immunological reagents of a rabbit antiserum specific for V. cholerae O1 classical Inaba 569B and immobilized cell fragments of V. cholerae O1 E1 Tor 85P6, and β‐D‐galactosidase‐labeled goat anti‐rabbit immunoglobulin G as tracer. The SAEIA was specific for V. cholerae O1 species and showed low cross‐reaction values to other microorganism species tested including Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The detection limit of the SAEIA was 4,500 cells per assay for all the 13 strains of V. cholerae O1 examined. Quantitative comparison on the growth of the E1 Tor 85P4 in several foods cultured for 24 hr were studied using the SAEIA. Preceding the experiments, little inhibition of every food homogenate for the measurement of the SAEIA was first demonstrated and then the homogenate was directly used for an assay sample. The interaction of the growth of Escherichia coli to that of V. cholerae O1 in a food was also found to be little under the mixed culturing of both bacteria using the SAEIA.
Hepatitis E Virus: cDNA Cloning and Expression
Authors: Uchida Toshikazu , Suzuki Koyu , Hayashi Nakanobu , Iida Fusae , Hara Tomijiro , Oo San San , Wang Chung‐kwe , Shikata Toshio , Ichikawa Munetaka , Rikihisa Tetsuji , Mizuno Kyosuke , Win Khin Maung 
Published: November 2013

AbstractViral hepatitis E is endemic, frequently provoking epidemic outbreaks in many developing countries. We have attempted to clone the viral genome and to develop an antibody assay system. A lambda gt11 cDNA library was constructed from the bile juice containing putative causative viruses and was immunoscreened by the antisera obtained from patients and monkeys infected with hepatitis E. Three virus‐specific clones were isolated and were revealed to overlap one another in sequence, with 1,459 nucleotides in total length. These clones direct the synthesis of polypeptides probably having common immunological epitope(s). Immunoplaque assay revealed the occurrence of antibodies against this epitope in the sera from experimental monkeys with the convalescent phase and from patients of Myanmar, Nepal and India. The data indicate that the cDNA fragments are useful for immunodiagnosis of hepatitis E.
A Latex Agglutination Test for the Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Respiratory Exudates: A Comparative Study with a Commercially Available DNA‐Probe Test
Authors: Masayoshi Toyohisa , Hirai Yoshikazu , Kanemasa Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe prepared polyclonal antibody specific to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Using this antibody, we developed a latex agglutination test (LAT) for detecting the organism in respiratory exudates as rapid diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection. Further, LAT was compared with DNA‐probe test (DP) which was the only commercially available test for the rapid detection of the organism. In LAT, both M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium give positive agglutination, but the titer of M. genitalium was significantly lower than that of M. pneumoniae. The detection limit of LAT was 2 × 105 CFU/ml and that of DP was 5 × 104 CFU/ml in vitro. It was considered that target molecules in LAT were accumulated in the pharyngeal portion of the patients, because of their long half‐life at 37 C. However, ribosomal RNA which was target molecule in DP was destroyed at 37 C much sooner, and the accumulation could not be expected. Actually, positive rate in LAT was higher than that in DP among clinical specimens in which M. pneumoniae was detected by culture method. The procedure of LAT is much easier and more rapid than that of DP in which radioactive isotope is required. LAT could be the choice of test for rapid diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection.
Partial Characterization of Coliphage WPK and a Comparison with Coliphage T3
Authors: Loeffelholz Lisa , Maier Siegfried 
Published: November 2013

AbstractColiphage WPK was originally isolated from sewage in Kiel, Germany, because its plaque diameter continued to expand for days. Electron microscopy revealed an isometric capsid with dimensions of 54 nm between opposite apices, and a short, noncontractile tail 16 nm long, placing phage WPK into morphogroup C1. The nucleic acid of phage WPK was linear double stranded DNA. The host ranges of phages WPK and T3 were identical. Of ten E. coli strains tested for host range, two were resistant and of eighteen other Enterobacteriaceae only four were susceptible. Seven gram‐negative species which are not members of the Enterobacteriaceae were refractory. However, there were differences in plaque morphology and plaque expansion between the two phages. Phage T3 plaques expanded for at least seven days on E. coli B only, while phage WPK plaques expanded for at least seven days on four strains of E. coli. The buoyant density of WPK, determined by isopycnic density gradient centrifugation in CsCl, was 1.508 g/ml which was significantly different than that of T3 at 1.493 g/ml (P<0.05). Phage‐encoded proteins were examined for each phage using [35S]methionine incorporation, SDS‐PAGE, and autoradiography. Of thirty proteins identified in phage WPK and twenty‐eight in' phage T3, only fourteen were of the same size in both. We concluded that phage WPK was distinct, but related to T3.
Molecular Analysis of Virus‐Producing and Non‐Producing Clones Derived from a Defective SSPE Virus Yamagata‐1 Strain
Authors: Haga Takeshi , Komase Katsuhiro , Yoshikawa Yasuhiro , Yamanouchi Kazuya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo virus clones were isolated from a defective SSPE virus, the Yamagata‐1 strain, and designated as the YA and YF clones. The YA clone‐infected cells produced neither cell‐free virus nor cell‐associated virus, whereas the YF clone‐infected cells produced both cell‐associated and cell‐free virus. No difference of epitopes on structural proteins was observed between these two clones. Both clones had hemadsorption activity. Quantitation of structural protein by Western dot blots showed relatively a lower amount of M protein in the YA‐infected cells than that in the YF‐infected cells. The ratio, P plus M dicistronic/M monocistronic mRNA, in the YA‐infected cells was about twice that in the YF‐infected cells. Sequence analysis of cDNA corresponding to P plus M dicistronic mRNA revealed that the deduced M protein of the YF virus was smaller than that of the YA virus by five amino acids from the carboxy terminal. These results suggest that abundant production of P plus M dicistronic mRNA is responsible for the reduced amount of M protein in the non‐productive YA clone.
Depressed CD4/CD8 Ratio in TPHA‐Negative Patients with Syphilis
Authors: Kanda Tsugiyasu , Shinohara Hiroshi , Suzuki Tadashi , Murata Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) is a widely used method for screening syphilis. We report our experience with six elderly (age 72.4±8.3 years) patients with syphilis, whose TPHA was negative. Their cardiolipin (RPR) and absorbed fluorescence treponemal tests (FTA‐ABS) were positive. TPHA‐negative patients with syphilis were compared with TPHA‐positive syphilitics by immunological analysis. We found that both the numbers and the percentage of CD4 cells in TPHA‐negative syphilitics were significantly lower than those in TPHA‐positive syphilitics (722±142 vs. 1,064± 141/mm3, P<0.01: 35.1±6.9 vs. 48.4±6.4%, P<0.01) and that the ratio of CD4 to CD8 was also lower in TPHA‐negative syphilitics compared with TPHA‐positive syphilitics (1.08±0.46 vs. 2.24± 1.07, P<0.05). These data suggest that the TPHA is insufficient for excluding elderly syphilitics because of immunological impairment seen in aged patients.
Augmentation of Host Resistance to Candida albicans Infection in Ascites Tumor‐Bearing Mice
Authors: Okawa Yoshio , Murata Yoshiko , Kobayashi Makiko , Suzuki Masuko , Suzuki Shigeo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe found that the number of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) dramatically increased in both sarcoma 180 (S‐180) and MM‐46 mammary carcinoma (MM‐46) ascites tumor‐bearing mice, and mice required a remarkable resistance to Candida albicans infection via intravenous route. When the resistance was determined by number of cells of C. albicans in the kidney, a significant decrease in the number of fungal cells was observed in the kidneys of infected ascites tumor‐bearing mice. An increase of active oxygen levels of PMN from ascites tumor‐bearing mice was observed, suggesting that this factor is important in developing of resistance in ascites tumor‐bearing mice. Additionally, a culture supernatant of tumor cells co‐cultivated with bone‐marrow cells in vitro increased the number of granulocytes and macrophages differentiated from the bone‐marrow cells.
Differentiation between Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare by Thin‐Layer Chromatography of Lipid Fraction after Incubation with [35S] Methionine
Authors: Tsukamura Michio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellular are differentiated from each other by thin‐layer chromatography of lipid fraction extracted after incubation with [35S]methionine. The former contained a petroleum ether‐soluble sulfolipid and the latter did not.
Existence of Phosphoenolpyruvate: Carbohydrate Phosphotransferase Systems in Lactobacillus fermentum, an Obligate Heterofermenter
Authors: Nagasaki Hiroshi , Ito Kazuyo , Matsuzaki Shigenobu , Tanaka Shuji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe presence or absence of the phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) in obligately heterofermentative group III lactobacilli including Lactobacillus brevis (3 strains), L. buchneri (2 strains) and L. fermentum (3 strains) was surveyed systematically for a series of sugars utilizable by these organisms. Contrary to common expectation, PTSs were found in two strains of L. fermentum: sucrose‐PTS in one strain; sucrose‐ and mannose‐PTSs in the other. All these activities were found to be constitutive.