bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitral Annulus Disjunction: A Comprehensive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Phenotype and Clinical Outcomes Study
Authors: Custódio Pedro , de Campos Diana , Moura Ana Rita , Shiwani Hunain , Savvatis Konstantinos , Joy George , Lambiase Pier D. , Moon James C. , Khanji Mohammed Y. , Augusto João B. , Lopes Luís R. 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundClinical importance of mitral annulus disjunction (MAD) is not well established.PurposeCharacterize a population of MAD all‐comers diagnosed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationMAD confirmed in 222 patients, age of 49.2 ± 19.3 years, 126 (56.8%) males.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T and 3 T/steady‐state free precession and inversion recovery.AssessmentClinical history, outcomes, imaging, and arrhythmia data. MAD defined as a separation ≥2 mm between left ventricular myocardium and mitral annulus. Presence and pattern of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were analyzed. LGE in the papillary muscles and adjacent to MAD were identified as MAD related. Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) were grouped into non‐sustained ventricular arrhythmias (NSVA) or sustained. Cardiovascular death assessed.Statistical TestsDifferences between baseline characteristics were compared. Univariate regression was used to investigate possible associations between ventricular arrhythmia and cardiovascular death with characteristics associated with the severity of MAD. A multivariable logistic regression included significant variables from the univariate analysis and was performed for MAD‐related and global LGE.ResultsMAD extent 5.0 ± 2.6 mm. MV annulus expanded during systole for MAD ≥6 mm. Systolic expansion associated with prolapse, billowing, and curling. LGE present in 82 patients (36.9%). Twenty‐three patients (10.4%) showed MAD‐related LGE by three different observers. No association of LGE with MAD extent (P = 0.545) noted. Follow‐up 4.1 ± 2.4 years. No sustained VA observed. In univariable analysis, NSVA was more prevalent in patients with MAD ≥6 mm (33.3% vs. 9.9%), but this was attenuated on multivariate analysis (P = 0.054). The presence of NSVA was associated with global LGE but not MAD‐related LGE in isolation (P = 0.750). Three patients died of cardiovascular causes (1.4%) and none had MAD‐related LGE. None died of sudden cardiac arrest.ConclusionIn patients referred for cardiac MRI, mitral valve dysfunction was associated with MAD severity. Scar was not related to the extent of MAD, but associated with NSVA. The risk of sustained arrhythmias and cardiovascular death was low in this population.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Monitoring questing winter tick abundance on traditional moose hunting lands
Authors: Berube Juliana A. , Sirén Alexej P. K. , Simpson Benjamin D. , Klingler Kelly B. , Wilson Tammy L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn important symbolic and subsistence animal for many Native American Tribes, the moose (Alces alces; mos in Algonquin, Penobscot language) has been under consistent threat in the northeastern United States because of winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) parasitism over the past several decades, causing declines in moose populations throughout the region. This decline has raised concern for Tribes and agencies that are invested in moose. Given this concern, it is increasingly important to effectively monitor and develop strategies to manage winter ticks to address consistent population declines of moose due to winter ticks. The Penobscot Nation developed a novel strategy to sample questing winter ticks (i.e., ticks that are actively seeking hosts) using a plot‐based sampling protocol that may be suitable for heterogeneous habitats. We deployed this protocol in the northeastern United States in 2022 during the tick questing period (Sep–Dec) on Penobscot Nation sovereign trust lands, the White Mountain National Forest and Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge, and western‐central Massachusetts, USA. We analyzed the data using occupancy and N‐mixture models. Detection probability peaked during mid‐October and tick occupancy and abundance were greatest at sites with intermediate understory vegetation height. The sampling protocol was successful at sampling ticks in Massachusetts, where abundances were expected to be low, indicating that it may be useful for studies planning to monitor winter tick distribution and abundance in areas with sub‐optimal moose habitat and where winter tick abundance is expected to be low. This approach may also benefit managers or researchers intending to monitor many species of hard ticks, and where imperfect detection is expected.
Patient Reported Outcome Measures used in Surgical Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bhat Amrita , Singh Amritpal , Durr Megan L. , Chang Jolie L. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo identify patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to measure adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)‐related quality of life in sleep surgery and analyze key psychometric properties in the original design and development of each PROM.Data SourcesPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsychINFO, and CINAHL.Review MethodsA systematic review was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Disease‐specific instruments assessing sleep‐related quality of life that were used in sleep surgery studies and validated in patients with sleep disorders were included. The Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) criteria were used to evaluate methodological quality.ResultsA total of 2494 abstracts were retrieved, and 216 underwent full‐text review. Seven PROMs assessing sleep‐related quality of life were identified. Only one (14%) PROM (SAQLI) was developed using both patient and physician input, and none were rated as “adequate” for content validity. Two PROMs utilized patients with sleep‐disordered breathing during content development and none specifically queried patients considering surgery. Six (86%) PROMs demonstrated “very good” analysis of internal consistency per COSMIN criteria, and six (86%) included data on test–retest reliability.ConclusionSeveral PROMs are utilized in sleep‐related quality‐of‐life assessments for patients treated with OSA surgery. The measurement properties of these PROMs are of variable quality, and notably, no PROMs meet adequate quality measurements for content validity. New and updated PROMs for OSA‐related quality of life should consider input from sleep surgery patients and providers. Laryngoscope, 134:4838–4846, 2024
Tele‐otology for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People Living in Rural and Remote Areas
Authors: Habib Al‐Rahim , Crossland Graeme , Sacks Raymond , Singh Narinder , Patel Hemi 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate a referral‐based, tele‐otology service in rural and remote areas of the Northern Territory, Australia.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study was performed of a tele‐otology service in 93 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities (2011 to 2019). Assessments included face‐to‐face examinations performed by Clinical Nurse Consultants and audiologists, and asynchronous reviews performed by otolaryngologists. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the likelihood of ear disease, adjusted for age and gender. Intra‐ and inter‐rater agreement was assessed between otolaryngologists.ResultsA total of 3,950 patients were reviewed (6,838 encounters, 13,726 ear assessments). The median age of patients was 9.8 years (interquartile range: 7.2 years). Overall, 62.2% of patients were identified with ear disease and 62.5% identified with hearing loss. Substantial intra‐ and inter‐rater agreement in diagnosis was found between otolaryngologists (κ = 0.71 and κ = 0.78, respectively). The most common ear conditions identified were chronic otitis media (COM, 28.1%) and otitis media with effusion (OME, 16.5%). Topical or oral antibiotics were initiated in 14.1% of all encounters, most often for acute otitis media or COM. Surgery was recommended in 27.7% of all encounters, most often myringoplasty, adenoidectomy, and myringotomy with insertion of tympanostomy tubes.ConclusionTele‐otology is a critical component of an integrated approach to evaluating ear disease in Indigenous people living in rural and remote areas. The high prevalence of OME, COM, and surgical recommendations highlights the need for community engagement, regular follow‐up, and early interventions to prevent long‐term hearing loss.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:5096–5102, 2024
Photon‐Counting 3D Velocimetry Empowered by OAM‐Based Multi‐Point Doppler Effect
Authors: Zhang Yanxiang , Zhang Zijing , Nie Zhongquan , Wang Qingfeng , Jia Baohua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVelocimetry of a motion target within 3‐D space is highly desirable in numerous applicable realms, ranging from explosion and shock wave physics, aerospace engineering to astronomical surveys. However, it is challenging to achieve synchronous, real‐time, and photon‐counting 3‐D velocimetry in modern frameworks as they either require separate multi‐directional detections, and cumbersome calculation processes or are confined to achieve in situ measurements. Here, a new conceptual paradigm is proposed to circumvent these constraints using orbital‐angular‐momentum (OAM)‐driven multi‐point Doppler effect at the photon‐counting level. This scheme, emanating from a single‐direction launch of an on‐demand engineered sequence OAM light mode onto a motion surface, enables simultaneous and independent detections of time‐varying Doppler photon‐count events from three orthogonal echo light paths. Concretely, at the range of motion velocity of 0.25–0.5 ms−1, the relative measurement errors of this proof‐of‐principle prototype are below 1.5%, thus achieving high‐accuracy 3‐D velocimetry at the photon‐counting level for the first time. The exploration of the OAM‐photon‐counting 3‐D velocimetry techniques provides unprecedented advantages in potential applications of synchronous, real‐time, high‐efficiency, and long‐range quantum lidar.
Chromothripsis is a novel biomarker for prognosis and differentiation diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Yi , He Du , Zhang Yi , Cheng Ke , Li Hong‐Shuai , Zhou Yu‐Wen , Long Qiong‐Xian , Liu Rui‐Zhi , Liu Ji‐Yan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the role of chromothripsis as a novel biomarker in the prognosis and differentiation diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs). We conducted next‐generation gene sequencing in a cohort of 30 patients with high‐grade (G3) pNENs. As a reference, a similar analysis was also performed on 25 patients with low‐grade (G1/G2) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Chromothripsis and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis were investigated. The results showed that DNA damage response and repair gene alteration and TP53 mutation were found in 29 and 11 patients, respectively. A total of 14 out of 55 patients had chromothripsis involving different chromosomes. Chromothripsis had a close relationship with TP53 alteration and higher grade. In the entire cohort, chromothripsis was associated with a higher risk of distant metastasis; both chromothripsis and metastasis (ENETS Stage IV) suggested a significantly shorter overall survival (OS). Importantly, in the high‐grade pNENs group, chromothripsis was the only independent prognostic indicator significantly associated with a shorter OS, other than TP53 alteration or pathological pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (pNECs) diagnosis. Chromothripsis can guide worse prognosis in pNENs, and help differentiate pNECs from high‐grade (G3) pNETs.
Remodeling tumor‐associated macrophage for anti‐cancer effects by rational design of irreversible inhibition of mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐activated protein kinase 2
Authors: Wang Danyi , Sun Deqiao , Wang Xiaoyan , Peng Xia , Ji Yinchun , Tang Lu , He Qichang , Chen Danqi , Yang Ye , Zhou Xuan , Xiong Bing , Ai Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMitogen‐activated protein kinase‐activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) emerges as a pivotal target in developing anti‐cancer therapies. The limitations of ATP‐competitive inhibitors, due to insufficient potency and selectivity, underscore the urgent need for a covalent irreversible MK2 inhibitor. Our initial analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed MK2's overexpression across various cancer types, especially those characterized by inflammation, linking it to poor prognosis and highlighting its significance. Investigating MK2's kinase domain led to the identification of a unique cysteine residue, enabling the creation of targeted covalent inhibitors. Compound 11 was developed, demonstrating robust MK2 inhibition (IC50 = 2.3 nM) and high selectivity. It binds irreversibly to MK2, achieving prolonged signal suppression and reducing pathological inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Furthermore, compound 11 or MK2 knockdown can inhibit the tumor‐promoting macrophage M2 phenotype in vitro and in vivo. In macrophage‐rich tumor model, compound 11 notably slowed growth in a dose‐dependent manner. These findings support MK2 as a promising anticancer target, especially relevant in cancers fueled by inflammation or dominated by macrophages, and provide compound 11 serving as an invaluable chemical tool for exploring MK2's functions.
Skeletal muscle: molecular structure, myogenesis, biological functions, and diseases
Authors: Feng Lan‐Ting , Chen Zhi‐Nan , Bian Huijie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscle is an important motor organ with multinucleated myofibers as its smallest cellular units. Myofibers are formed after undergoing cell differentiation, cell–cell fusion, myonuclei migration, and myofibril crosslinking among other processes and undergo morphological and functional changes or lesions after being stimulated by internal or external factors. The above processes are collectively referred to as myogenesis. After myofibers mature, the function and behavior of skeletal muscle are closely related to the voluntary movement of the body. In this review, we systematically and comprehensively discuss the physiological and pathological processes associated with skeletal muscles from five perspectives: molecule basis, myogenesis, biological function, adaptive changes, and myopathy. In the molecular structure and myogenesis sections, we gave a brief overview, focusing on skeletal muscle‐specific fusogens and nuclei‐related behaviors including cell–cell fusion and myonuclei localization. Subsequently, we discussed the three biological functions of skeletal muscle (muscle contraction, thermogenesis, and myokines secretion) and its response to stimulation (atrophy, hypertrophy, and regeneration), and finally settled on myopathy. In general, the integration of these contents provides a holistic perspective, which helps to further elucidate the structure, characteristics, and functions of skeletal muscle.
Cubical radiator for three‐dimensional flexible beam controller with multiple radiation beams and directions
Authors: Zhang Zhonghe , Wong Sai‐Wai , Zhang Shu‐Qing , Wu Qi‐Hua , Lin Jing‐Yu , He Yejun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA novel approach for generation of the multiple three‐directional and controllable beams from a cubical electromagnetic (EM) wave radiator is proposed in this paper. This cubical radiator is a multiple‐mode EM resonator, which is formed by a cubical metal cavity. Three resonant modes are excited in this cavity resonator by a feeding slot. Besides the feeding slot, a few additional slots are opened on the side wall(s) of the cavity to act as the EM wave radiation elements. Various combinations of radiation slots contribute to different beam directions, for example, side‐direction (single radiation slot), edge‐direction (two radiation slots), and vertex‐direction of the cavity (three radiation slots). More combinations of these slots are further studied in the cases of side + edge and edge + vertex to illustrate the diversity in the directions of the produced EM beams. To validate the predicted results, two prototypes are fabricated and measured to display their far‐field radiation patterns. The measured results agree well with the full‐wave simulated ones, thereby demonstrating the possibility of a large number of the flexible EM beams, as well as the capability of the controllable beam directions.
A novel filtering patch antenna with high selectivity and wide out‐of‐band suppression
Authors: Zhang Zihui , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Hui Caitao , He Linhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, a novel filtering patch antenna with high selectivity and wide out‐of‐band suppression is presented. The antenna consists of a square patch, a metal ground and a feeding line, and four radiation nulls are introduced out of the passband. By designing the stepped feeding line with metal vias, two radiation nulls are introduced out of the passband. A U‐shaped slot is etched on the ground, and a third radiation null is produced. A lowpass filter, integrated into the feeding line, results in the fourth radiation null and the harmonic suppression response. By introducing these structures, the antenna achieves satisfactory frequency selectivity and bilateral wide harmonic suppressions. The proposed design is verified by the simulation and measurement results. Measured impedance bandwidth is 15% (3.33–3.87 GHz), which can perfectly cover the 5G‐N78 band, and measured peak gain can reach 9.0 dBi. The measured edge roll‐off rates in the lower and upper sidebands are 232 and 139 dB/GHz, respectively.
Acetonyl C^N^N platinum(II) complexes of arylbipyridines
Authors: Abramov Vladislav M. , Tokhtueva Maria D. , Melekhin Vsevolod V. , Eltsov Oleg S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the first example of the formation of acetonyl tridentate CˆNˆN complexes of arylbipyridines in the reaction of chloroplatinum complexes with acetone in the presence of alkali. The chemical structure of obtained substances was established by means of 1H,13C NMR, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC techniques. The attribution of all proton and carbon signals in NMR spectra was performed using 1D and 2D NMR experiments for the synthesized acetonyl cycloplatinated complexes. A comparative analysis of the values of the C‐Pt spin‐spin coupling constants of the same order was carried out, which showed a significant difference in bond lengths and valence angles inthe cyclic fragments of the arylbipyridine ligand.
Monte Carlo tree search for dynamic shortest‐path interdiction
Authors: Bochkarev Alexey A. , Smith J. Cole 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present a reinforcement learning‐based heuristic for a two‐player interdiction game called the dynamic shortest path interdiction problem (DSPI). The DSPI involves an evader and an interdictor who take turns in the problem, with the interdictor selecting a set of arcs to attack and the evader choosing an arc to traverse at each step of the game. Our model employs the Monte Carlo tree search framework to learn a policy for the players using randomized roll‐outs. This policy is stored as an asymmetric game tree and can be further refined as the game unfolds. We leverage alpha–beta pruning and existing bounding schemes in the literature to prune suboptimal branches. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the prescribed approach yields near‐optimal solutions in many cases and allows for flexibility in balancing solution quality and computational effort.
A novel branch‐and‐bound algorithm for solving linear multiplicative programming problems
Authors: Hu Peng , Gu Hengyang , Wang Bowen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article proposes a rectangular branch‐and‐bound algorithm for solving linear multiplication problems (LMP) globally. In order to obtain a reliable lower bound of the original problem, this article designs a novel linear relaxation programming problem (LRP) that has not been seen in the existing literature. Based on the basic framework of the rectangular branch and bound algorithm, this article proposes an algorithm that can obtain a global solution. According to the structure of linear relaxation programming, the article designs a region reduction technology to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. This article also provides convergence analysis to ensure the reliability of the algorithm. Finally, several numerical experiments are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm.
SYNLOCO‐VE: Synthesizing central pattern generator with reinforcement learning and velocity estimator for quadruped locomotion
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Xiao Zhiyuan , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Qingrui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt is a challenging task to learn a robust and natural locomotion controller for quadruped robots at different terrains and velocities. In particular, the locomotion learning task will be even more difficult for the case with no exteroceptive sensors. In this article, the learning‐based locomotion control is, therefore, investigated for quadruped robots only using proprioceptive sensors. A new framework called SYNLOCO‐VE is proposed by synthesizing a feedforward gait planner, a trunk velocity estimator, and reinforcement learning (RL). The feedforward gait planner is developed based on the well‐known central pattern generator, but it can change the foot length for improved velocity tracking performance. The trunk velocity estimator is designed based on deep learning, which estimates the trunk velocity using historical data from proprioceptive sensors. The introduction of the trunk velocity estimator can mitigate the influence of the partial observation issue due to the lack of exteroceptive sensors. RL is employed to learn a feedback controller to regulate the robot gaits using feedback from proprioceptive sensors and the trunk velocity estimation. In the proposed framework, the feedforward gait planner can also guide the training process of RL, thus resulting in more stable and faster policy learning. Ablation studies are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of different modules in the proposed design. Extensive experiments are performed using a quadruped robot Go1, which only has proprioceptive sensors. The proposed framework is able to learn robust and stable locomotion at different terrains and tasks. Experimental comparisons are also conducted to illustrate the advantages of the proposed design over the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Formation, structure, and morphology of nanofiber mat on the base sodium‐carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl‐alcohol/silver nanoparticles composite
Authors: Ergashovich Yunusov Khaydar , Abdupatto O'g'li Atakhanov Abdumutolib , Shodievich Ashurov Nurbek , Ugli Mirkholisov Mirafzal Muzaffar , Sharafovna Rashidova Sayyora , Jiang Guohua , Wan Yi , Yu Miao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStable silver nanoparticles were synthesized in solutions containing sodium‐carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol, and their structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties were studied. The morphology and diameter sizes of the nanofibers of carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol containing silver nanoparticles were investigated using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The investigations showed that nanofibers with diameter sizes ranging from 50 to 130 nm were obtained from the carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/silver nanoparticles solution. The size and form of silver nanoparticles formed within the solution of carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol based on nanofiber were determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) investigations, revealing nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 5 to 26 nm. The nanofiber mat containing silver nanoparticles exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans. The nanofiber mat containing stable silver nanoparticles could be utilized as an antimicrobial facemask for air filtration and for the treatment of burn wounds.