bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular invasion and other invasive features in granular cell tumours of the skin: a multicentre study of 119 cases
Authors: Battistella Maxime , Cribier Bernard , Feugeas Jean-Paul , Roux Jennifer , Le Pelletier François , Pinquier Laure , Plantier Françoise ,   for the Cutaneous Histopathology Section of the French Society of Dermatology
Published: August 2013

BackgroundIncidental finding of vascular invasion has been described in some benign granular cell tumours. Malignancy in granular cell tumours is excessively rare and its assessment relies on necrosis and cytological criteria.AimsTo assess histopathological invasive features, particularly vascular invasion, in a large series of granular cell tumours of the skin.Methods119 granular cell tumours of the skin were collected in 114 patients between 2001 and 2011. Histopathological and epidemiological data were collected. Five step sections and one orcein staining were performed in all cases.ResultsMean age of the patients was 43.7±18 years. Granular cell tumours were multiple in 7% of patients. They were classified as benign in 111 cases, and atypical in eight cases. No malignant granular cell tumour was present. Tumours had 1.48±1.3 cm mean diameter, showed peripheral invasive growth pattern in 71% of cases, had a mean depth of 8.8±4.7 mm, and reached the subcutis in 66% of cases. Infiltration of arrector pili muscle occurred in 23% (95% CI 16% to 32%), and perineural spread in 66% (95% CI 56% to 74%) of cases. Vascular invasion occurred in 23% (95% CI 16% to 32%) of cases, with subendothelial layers infiltration or vascular obliteration. No intraluminal embolus was found. No association was found between vascular invasion and clinical outcome.ConclusionsHistopathological features of local invasion are frequent in otherwise benign granular cell tumours. Vascular invasion consists of an infiltration of the subendothelial layers, without intraluminal cells, and may not be considered as a marker of adverse prognosis.
Does income inequality get under the skin? A multilevel analysis of depression, anxiety and mental disorders in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Chiavegatto Filho Alexandre Dias Porto , Kawachi Ichiro , Wang Yuan Pang , Viana Maria Carmen , Andrade Laura Helena Silveira Guerra 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTest the original income inequality theory, by analysing its association with depression, anxiety and any mental disorders.MethodsWe analysed a sample of 3542 individuals aged 18 years and older selected through a stratified, multistage area probability sample of households from the São Paulo Metropolitan Area. Mental disorder symptoms were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria. Bayesian multilevel logistic models were performed.ResultsLiving in areas with medium and high-income inequality was statistically associated with increased risk of depression, relative to low-inequality areas (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.21 to 2.55, and 1.53; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.19, respectively). The same was not true for anxiety (OR 1.25; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.73, and OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.46). In the case of any mental disorder, results were mixed.ConclusionsIn general, our findings were consistent with the income inequality theory, that is, people living in places with higher income inequality had an overall higher odd of mental disorders, albeit not always statistically significant. The fact that depression, but not anxiety, was statistically significant could indicate a pathway by which inequality influences health.
Alcohol intake and death from cancer in a prospective Chinese elderly cohort study in Hong Kong
Authors: Shen Chen , Schooling C Mary , Chan Wai Man , Xu Lin , Lee Siu Yin , Lam Tai Hing 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundIn observational studies of Western populations, moderate alcohol use is usually associated with lower cancer mortality rates. However, moderate alcohol use (regular drinking of moderate amounts) is socially patterned. Evidence from other contexts can clarify such observations. We examined the association of moderate alcohol use with death from cancer in older Chinese adults from a developed non-Western setting, where occasional alcohol drinking (less than once per week of small amounts) is typical.MethodsMultivariable Cox regression analysis was used to assess the adjusted associations of alcohol use with death from cancer using a population-based prospective cohort of 66 820 Chinese aged ≥65 years enrolled from July 1998 to December 2001 at all the 18 Elderly Health Centres of the Hong Kong Government Department of Health, and followed till 30 May 2012.ResultsAfter follow-up for about 10.5 years, 6335 cancer deaths were identified. Most current alcohol users were social drinkers (<1/week). Moderate drinkers had a similar risk of death from non-oesophageal cancer as never drinkers, but a higher risk of oesophageal cancer, adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic position, lifestyle and health status. Social drinking (<1/week) was associated with a lower risk of death from non-oesophageal cancer, but not from oesophageal cancer.ConclusionsIn a non-Western setting, no association of moderate alcohol use with death from cancer was found. Occasional social drinking (<1/week) was associated with a lower risk of cancer, suggesting that moderate alcohol use is not protective, but in any setting the attributes of being a typical drinker may be.
The role of peritoneal dialysis in modern renal replacement therapy
Authors: Goodlad Catriona , Brown Edwina 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Most patients starting dialysis can choose between peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis. There is little evidence proving that one form of dialysis is better than the other; although there may be an early advantage to peritoneal dialysis (PD) in young patients with residual function this effect is short-lived. Technique failure develops after years on PD so dialysis modality will often change during a long dialysis career. Quality of life studies, which must be interpreted carefully, indicate that patients require information about the impact of dialysis on their lifestyle as well as health-related outcomes so that they can choose the most suitable dialysis modality. Increasing numbers of frail elderly patients are starting dialysis; support in the home by nursing staff may facilitate the use of PD in this group. In the UK guidelines prioritise the patient's choice of dialysis modality (where feasible) based on good quality predialysis education. Cost of treatment is generally lower on PD, which is particularly recommended for patients with residual renal function and few comorbidities.
Using soil mineral signatures to confirm sources of industrial contaminant trespass
Authors: Isphording Wayne C. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

An accompanying consequence of new industrial operations, or the expansion and enlargement of existing facilities, is contaminant encroachment from these operations onto adjacent residential properties. This often results in a favourable jury decision for the plaintiffs, providing the case can be proven. While smokestack emissions or wind-blown debris from some manufacturing operations can be readily identified in samples obtained from nearby properties (e.g. coal fly ash and mine wastes), obtaining proof that a site, or individuals, have been impacted by emissions from other processes may pose a challenge for the expert witness. As an example of the former, a mineral phase universally present in electric arc furnace smokestack discharges by mini steel mills (now widespread throughout the United States) is magnetite (FeO · Fe
2
O
3
). When this mineral is present as non-detrital anthropogenic grains in dust and soil samples (and further identified by a manganese content three or more orders of magnitude greater than in detrital magnetite) its presence is conclusive evidence that airborne contamination from an anthropogenic source has taken place.

A problem arises, however, when contaminants are emitted as a mixed gas–particulate phase whose particles are <2.5 µm in size. Emissions from paper mills may fall into this category, and invariably will contain hydrogen sulphide (H
2
S), sulphur dioxide (SO
2
) and sulphur trioxide (SO
3
) as gas phases. These rapidly combine with water vapour to form sulphuric acid. Dispersal can occur over a wide area as a toxic plume, and can cause a variety of acutely or chronically harmful medical problems, especially in young children and the elderly. Although acknowledged as present in stack emissions by the paper companies, evidence of the vapour phase is often difficult to find on surrounding residential properties (although its corrosive effects are invariably present). An associated particulate phase (calcite), which is used as a whitener in paper production, however, is emitted from a facility’s lime kiln and can often be used to show that contamination from a paper-manufacturing source has taken place.
Dysregulated Hematopoiesis Caused by Mammary Cancer Is Associated with Epigenetic Changes and Hox Gene Expression in Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: Sio Alexander , Chehal Manreet K. , Tsai Kevin , Fan Xueling , Roberts Morgan E. , Nelson Brad H. , Grembecka Jolanta , Cierpicki Tomasz , Krebs Danielle L. , Harder Kenneth W. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Cancer is associated with immune dysfunction characterized by the presence of proinflammatory and immunosuppressive cells and factors that contribute to tumor growth and progression. Here we show that mammary tumor growth is associated with defects in hematopoiesis, leading to myeloproliferative-like disease (leukemoid reaction), anemia, and disruption of the bone marrow stem/progenitor compartment. The defects we characterized included impaired erythropoiesis, leukocytosis, loss of early progenitor cells in the bone marrow, and splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis. We established an in vitro model to dissect interactions between mammary cancers and the hematopoietic system. Investigations in this model revealed that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) produced by mammary tumors can synergize with FLT3L and granulocyte macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) to expand myeloid progenitors and their progeny in culture. Mammary tumor growth was associated with histone methylation changes within lineage-negative c-Kit-positive hematopoietic cells within the bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice. Similarly, parallel histone methylation patterns occurred in cultured bone marrow cells exposed to mammary tumor-conditioned cell culture media. Notably, changes in histone methylation in these cell populations correlated with dysregulated expression of genes controlling hematopoietic lineage commitment and differentiation, including Hox family genes and members of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) chromatin-remodeling complex. Together, our results show that mammary tumor-secreted factors induce profound perturbations in hematopoiesis and expression of key hematopoietic regulatory genes. Cancer Res; 73(19); 5892–904. ©2013 AACR.
Hypoxia-Dependent Modification of Collagen Networks Promotes Sarcoma Metastasis
Authors: Eisinger-Mathason T.S. Karin , Zhang Minsi , Qiu Qiong , Skuli Nicolas , Nakazawa Michael S. , Karakasheva Tatiana , Mucaj Vera , Shay Jessica E.S. , Stangenberg Lars , Sadri Navid , Puré Ellen , Yoon Sam S. , Kirsch David G. , Simon M. Celeste 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Intratumoral hypoxia and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) correlate with metastasis and poor survival in patients with sarcoma. We show here that hypoxia controls sarcoma metastasis through a novel mechanism wherein HIF-1α enhances expression of the intracellular enzyme procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2). We show that loss of HIF-1α or PLOD2 expression disrupts collagen modification, cell migration, and pulmonary metastasis (but not primary tumor growth) in allograft and autochthonous LSL-KrasG12D/+; Trp53fl/fl murine sarcoma models. Furthermore, ectopic PLOD2 expression restores migration and metastatic potential in HIF-1α–deficient tumors, and analysis of human sarcomas reveals elevated HIF1A and PLOD2 expression in metastatic primary lesions. Pharmacologic inhibition of PLOD enzymatic activity suppresses metastases. Collectively, these data indicate that HIF-1α controls sarcoma metastasis through PLOD2-dependent collagen modification and organization in primary tumors. We conclude that PLOD2 is a novel therapeutic target in sarcomas and successful inhibition of this enzyme may reduce tumor cell dissemination.
Significance: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a commonly diagnosed and particularly aggressive sarcoma subtype in adults, which frequently and fatally metastasizes to the lung. Here, we show the potential use of a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metastatic UPS, specifically the collagen-modifying enzyme PLOD2. Cancer Discov; 3(10); 1190–1205. ©2013 AACR.
See related commentary by Vanharanta and Massagué, p. 1103
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1083
Temporal Relationship and Prognostic Significance of Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Zakeri Rosita , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Roger Véronique L. , Redfield Margaret M. 
Published: August 2013

Background—
In patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), atrial fibrillation (AF) may predate, concur with, or develop after HFpEF diagnosis. We sought to define the temporal relationship between AF and HFpEF, to identify factors associated with AF, and to determine the prognostic impact of prevalent and incident AF in HFpEF.

Method and Results—

From 1983 to 2010, 939 Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents (age, 77±12 years; 61% female) newly diagnosed with HFpEF (EF ≥0.50) were evaluated. Baseline rhythm classification included prior AF (>3 months before HFpEF diagnosis), concurrent AF (±3 months), or sinus rhythm. Incident AF (>3 months after HFpEF diagnosis) and all-cause mortality were ascertained through February 2012. Prior AF (29%) and concurrent AF (23%) were associated with older age, higher brain-type natriuretic peptide, and larger left atrial volume index at HFpEF diagnosis compared with sinus rhythm. Of HFpEF patients in sinus rhythm at diagnosis, 32% developed AF over a median follow-up of 3.7 years (interquartile range, 1.5–6.7 years; 69 events per 1000 person-years). Age and diastolic dysfunction were positively and statin use was inversely associated with incident AF. With no AF used as the referent, prior or concurrent AF (combined hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–1.6;
P
=0.03) and incident AF, modeled as a time-dependent covariate (hazard ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–3.0;
P
<0.001), were independently associated with death after adjustment for pertinent covariates.

Conclusions—
AF occurs in two thirds of HFpEF patients at some point in the natural history and confers a poor prognosis. Further study is required to determine whether intervention for AF may improve outcomes or if statin use can prevent AF in HFpEF.
Perfusion MR Predicts Outcome in High-Risk Transient Ischemic Attack/Minor Stroke
Authors: Asdaghi Negar , Hill Michael D. , Coulter Jonathan I. , Butcher Kenneth S. , Modi Jayesh , Qazi Abdul , Goyal Mayank , Demchuk Andrew M. , Coutts Shelagh B. 
Published: August 2013

Background and Purpose—
Transient or minor ischemic stroke is associated with an early risk of deterioration. Baseline perfusion–diffusion mismatch may predict clinical deterioration and infarct growth in this population.

Methods—

High-risk transient ischemic attack and minor stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤3) subjects were prospectively enrolled and imaged with MRI within 24 hours of symptom onset as part of sequential derivation and validation cohorts. Baseline diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion-weighted imaging (
T
max
≥4 s), mismatch (
T
max
≥4 s-diffusion-weighted imaging), and follow-up fluid-attenuated inversion recovery infarct volumes were measured. Primary outcome was infarct growth on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and secondary outcome was symptom progression.

Results—

One hundred thirty-seven and 281 subjects were included in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. Infarct growth occurred in 18.5% of the derivation and 5.5% of the validation cohorts. Symptom progression occurred in 9.5% of the derivation and 4.5% of the validation cohorts. In the derivation cohort, subjects with baseline mismatch were significantly more likely to show infarct growth on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (relative risk [RR], 13.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2–38.9) and symptom progression (RR, 7.0; 95% CI, 2.0–7.3). A baseline mismatch volume of 10 mL in the derivation cohort was the optimal threshold to predict infarct growth (area under the curve, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80–0.98). This threshold was highly predictive of infarct growth in the validation cohort (
P
=0.001). Baseline mismatch was associated with clinical deterioration in the derivation (area under the curve, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67–0.96) and validation cohorts (area under the curve, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46–0.85).

Conclusions—
Among subjects with high-risk transient ischemic attack and minor stroke, diffusion-weighted imaging–perfusion-weighted imaging mismatch predicts infarct growth and clinical deterioration. These findings suggest that reperfusion strategies would be beneficial in this population.
Prospective, Multicenter, Single-Arm Study of Mechanical Thrombectomy Using Solitaire Flow Restoration in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Pereira Vitor M. , Gralla Jan , Davalos Antoni , Bonafé Alain , Castaño Carlos , Chapot René , Liebeskind David S. , Nogueira Raul G. , Arnold Marcel , Sztajzel Roman , Liebig Thomas , Goyal Mayank , Besselmann Michael , Moreno Antonio , Schroth Gerhard , Alamovitch S , Arquizan C , Dohmen C , Killer-Oberpfalzer M , Broussalis E , Krause L , Lopez-Ibor L , Macho J , Amaro S , Menon B , Millàn M , Miteff F , Faulder K , Piotin M , Weber R , Parrilla G 
Published: August 2013

Background and Purpose—
Mechanical thrombectomy using stent retriever devices have been advocated to increase revascularization in intracranial vessel occlusion. We present the results of a large prospective study on the use of the Solitaire Flow Restoration in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Solitaire Flow Restoration Thrombectomy for Acute Revascularization was an international, multicenter, prospective, single-arm study of Solitaire Flow Restoration thrombectomy in patients with large vessel anterior circulation strokes treated within 8 hours of symptom onset. Strict criteria for site selection were applied. The primary end point was the revascularization rate (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2b) of the occluded vessel as determined by an independent core laboratory. The secondary end point was the rate of good functional outcome (defined as 90-day modified Rankin scale, 0–2).

Results—
A total of 202 patients were enrolled across 14 comprehensive stroke centers in Europe, Canada, and Australia. The median age was 72 years, 60% were female patients. The median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was 17. Most proximal intracranial occlusion was the internal carotid artery in 18%, and the middle cerebral artery in 82%. Successful revascularization was achieved in 79.2% of patients. Device and procedure-related severe adverse events were found in 7.4%. Favorable neurological outcome was found in 57.9%. The mortality rate was 6.9%. Any intracranial hemorrhagic transformation was found in 18.8% of patients, 1.5% were symptomatic.

Conclusions—
In this single-arm study, treatment with the Solitaire Flow Restoration device in intracranial anterior circulation occlusions results in high rates of revascularization, low risk of clinically relevant procedural complications, and good clinical outcomes in combination with low mortality at 90 days.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01327989.
Styloid and Hyoid Bone Proximity Is a Risk Factor for Cervical Carotid Artery Dissection
Authors: Renard Dimitri , Azakri Souhayla , Arquizan Caroline , Swinnen Bart , Labauge Pierre , Thijs Vincent 
Published: August 2013

Background and Purpose—
Carotid artery dissection (CAD) is more common with increased styloid process length. Our goal was to determine whether proximity of the styloid process and the hyoid bone to the internal carotid artery (ICA) was a risk factor for CAD.

Methods—
We studied axial slices on computed tomography angiograms of 88 patients with nonaneurysmal CAD, from 88 age- and sex-matched controls without dissection, and from 32 nonage-/sex-matched nonaneurysmal vertebral artery dissection control patients. We measured the nearest distance between the ICA and both the styloid and the hyoid bones, blinded to clinical information and radiological reports.

Results—

Styloid-ICA and hyoid-ICA distances were significantly shorter on the side of the CAD as compared with nondissection control patients (
P
<0.0001 for the styloid-ICA distance; and
P
=0.0037 for the hyoid-ICA distance). Styloid-ICA distances, regardless of the side of the dissection, were shorter in CAD patients compared with the nondissection control group (right side,
P
=0.001; left side,
P
=0.0002) and the vertebral artery dissection control group (right side,
P
=0.0031; left side,
P
=0.0067). Direct mechanical contact of the styloid with the ICA was more common in CAD patients.

Conclusions—
Shorter distances between the styloid and ICA (and possibly also the hyoid and the ICA) are important risk factors for CAD. Further study is needed to determine whether dissections result from direct injury to the outer vessel wall of the carotid artery.
User Experience of a Centralized Hyperacute Stroke Service
Authors: Moynihan Barry , Paul Selina , Markus Hugh S. 
Published: August 2013

Background and Purpose—
Centralizing hyperacute stroke unit (HASU) care services allows improved access to thrombolysis but could be associated with worse patient experience, particularly when early repatriation to a local stroke recovery unit occurs as this may result in discontinuity of care. A centralized model of care was introduced in London, United Kingdom, with 8 HASUs providing acute care for the whole 8.3 million population, with repatriation on day 3 to a local stroke recovery unit. The patient and carer experience of this model of care has not been previously reported.

Methods—
We undertook a prospective observational study of the new model of care in the South West London sector. Patient and carer experiences were evaluated using a modified Picker Questionnaire. Separate questionnaires were used for patients discharged directly home from the HASU, those repatriated to local stroke recovery units, and for carers of patients admitted to the HASU.

Results—
Despite moving from a selected to nonselected admission pattern, thrombolysis rates increased from 6% to 9%. High satisfaction rates were reported among both patients and carers. Patients discharged directly home had higher satisfaction levels than those requiring repatriation to their local stroke unit, who were older and had more severe stroke. A total of 47% of carers expressed anxiety over the repatriation from the HASU back to the local stroke recovery unit, but few patients and carers reported an impact of this move on patient recovery.

Conclusion—
Centralized HASU care is associated with good levels of patient and carer satisfaction.