bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Peracetic Acid in Bloodmeal Decoloring
Authors: Hicks Talia M. , Verbeek C. J. R. , Lay M. C. , Manley‐Harris M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (HP) can degrade soluble heme, forming yellow or colorless degradation products. Thermal treatment during bloodmeal production changes the conformation of oxyhemoglobin trapping heme in hydrophobic protein regions or forms methemoglobin (metHb) heme which catalytically removes HP. As a result, HP can only degrade a portion of the heme present in bloodmeal leading to poor decoloring. Equilibrium peracetic acid (PAA) solutions can effectively decolor bloodmeal. This work assessed the ability of PAA to decolor bloodmeal and the mechanism by which it occurs. The inability of HP to decolor bloodmeal is determined by the fact that it is unable to permanently degrade metHb heme, or hydrophobically trapped heme. Addition of organic acids to HP led to significant swelling of the protein chains but also to poorer decoloring and lower HP consumption compared to PAA. This suggested that in the case of PAA solutions, where bleaching was facile, the reason PAA solutions are capable of decoloring bloodmeal was due to the action of the PAA molecule against heme, whereas HP and acetic (ethanoic) acid played only minor roles in total bleaching. The decolored protein powder has reduced odor and whiter color, and is suitable for applications such as bioplastics.
Reversal effect of monoisoamyl dimercaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA) for arsenic and lead induced perturbations in apoptosis and antioxidant enzymes in developing rat brain
Authors: Sannadi Saritha , Kadeyala Praveen Kumar , Gottipolu Rajarami Reddy 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative disorders. Several studies have shown that exposure to arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) produces oxidative stress, one of the most noted molecular mechanisms for the neurotoxicity of these metals. In the present study, we examined the effect of combined exposure to these metals (As and Pb) on the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes and apoptotic marker enzymes in brain regions (cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum) of rats at postnatal day (PND) 21, 28 and 3 months age and compared the toxicity levels with individual metals (As or Pb). Further, we also evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a chelating agent, monoisoamyl dimercaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA) against arsenic and lead induced developmental neurotoxicity. Pregnant rats were exposed to sodium meta‐arsenite (50 ppm) and lead acetate (0.2%) individually, and in combination (As = 25 ppm + Pb = 0.1%) via drinking water throughout perinatal period (GD 6 to PND 21). MiADMSA (50 mg/kg, orally through gavage) was given for three consecutive days to the PND 18 pups (i.e., PND 18 to PND 20). Exposure to metal mixture resulted in a significant decrease in the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes such as manganese‐superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn‐SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) while the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and mRNA expression levels of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 were significantly increased in all the three brain regions. The observed alterations were greater with exposure to metal mixture than individual metals (As or Pb) and the changes were more prominent at PND 28 and greater in cerebral cortex than hippocampus and cerebellum. Interestingly, chelation therapy with MiADMSA showed significant recovery in antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and gene expression levels of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9. From these findings, it can be concluded that combined exposure to As and Pb showed an additive effect on antioxidant enzymes than individual metal exposure and chelation therapy with MiADMSA significantly reversed the As and Pb induced apoptosis and oxidative stress, a major contributing factor to neurotoxicity.
Implantable sensors for heart failure monitoring
Authors: Shasha Liu P. , Tse Hung‐Fat 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOver the last decade, there has been a surge in the implantations of devices for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), with increasing recognition of their value in the management of medically refractory heart failure (HF). With this exponential growth, the need to offer the best quality of care after implantation has entailed an increase in healthcare spending. Frequent in‐office follow‐ups are limited by the immense healthcare cost, while emergency hospitalizations for acute decompensation of HF further contribute to the burden.Implantable sensors in the CRT device offer a unique opportunity for continuous monitoring of a patient's clinical HF status by measuring cardiac rhythm, intracardiac pressures, cardiac events, and physical activity, as well as detecting any device malfunction. Detecting early signs of a deteriorating clinical condition allows prompt preemptive medical intervention to optimize HF management. As a result, not only healthcare professionals will benefit from a reduction in hospitalizations and routine in‐office follow‐ups, but also patients will benefit from efficient management of their HF. This review highlights the latest available device‐based remote monitoring systems and the most up‐to‐date evidence for the use of remote monitoring in CRT.
Implantable devices in the electromagnetic environment
Authors: Santini Luca , Forleo Giovanni B. , Santini Massimo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn the last few years we are witnessing a dramatic increase in the number of CIEDs implanted. At the same time new emitters are constantly entering the marketplace and more and more medical procedures are based on electromagnetic fields as well. Therefore, the topic of the interaction of CIEDs with the EMI is a real, actual and challenging one. In the non‐medical environment several types of devices may be intentional or non‐intentional sources of EMI. Most of the studies reported in literature focused on mobile phones, metal detectors, as well as on headphones or digital players, but many other instruments and tools may generate electromagnetic fields. In the medical environment most of the attention is paid to MRI and recently new PM and MRI conditional ICDs have been developed and launched in the market, but the risk of interaction is present also with ionizing radiation, electrical nerve stimulation and electrosurgery. Pacemaker/ICD manufacturers are incorporating state of the art technology to make implantable devices less susceptible to EMI. However, patients and emitter manufacturers should be aware that limitations exist and that there is not complete immunity to EMI.
Ultrasonic cavitation near a tissue layer
Authors: Curtiss G. A. , Leppinen D. M. , Wang Q. X. , Blake J. R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this paper we examine the dynamics of an initially stable bubble due to ultrasonic forcing by an acoustic wave. A tissue layer is modelled as a density interface acted upon by surface tension to mimic membrane effects. The effect of a rigid backing to the thin tissue layer is investigated. We are interested in ultrasound contrast agent type bubbles which have immediate biomedical applications such as the delivery of drugs and the instigation of sonoporation. We use the axisymmetric boundary integral technique detailed in Curtiss et al. (J. Comput. Phys., 2013, submitted) to model the interaction between a single bubble and the tissue layer. We have identified a new peeling mechanism whereby the re-expansion of a toroidal bubble can peel away tissue from a rigid backing. We explore the problem over a large range of parameters including tissue layer depth, interfacial tension and ultrasonic forcing.
Three-dimensionality in the wake of a rapidly rotating cylinder in uniform flow
Authors: Rao A. , Leontini J. S. , Thompson M. C. , Hourigan K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe flow around an isolated cylinder spinning at high rotation rates in free stream is investigated. The existence of two steady two-dimensional states is confirmed, as is the existence of a secondary mode of vortex shedding. The stability of the two steady states to three-dimensional perturbations is established using linear stability analysis. At lower rotation rates on the first steady state, two three-dimensional modes are confirmed, and their structure and curves of marginal stability as a function of rotation rate and Reynolds number are determined. One mode (named mode $E$) appears consistent with a hyperbolic instability in the wake, while the second (named mode $F$) appears to be a centrifugal instability of the flow very close to the cylinder surface. At higher rotation rates on the second steady state, a single three-dimensional mode due to centrifugal instability (named mode ${F}^{\prime } $) is found. This mode becomes increasingly difficult to excite as the rotation rate is increased.
ALGERIAN NATIONALISM, ZIONISM, AND FRENCH LAÏCITÉ: A HISTORY OF ETHNORELIGIOUS NATIONALISMS AND DECOLONIZATION
Authors: Shepard Todd 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Algerian war resituated the meaning of “Muslims” and “Jews” in France in relation to religion and “origins” and this process reshaped French secular nationhood, with Algerian independence in mid-1962 crystallizing a complex and shifting debate that took shape in the interwar period and blossomed between 1945 and 1962. In its failed efforts to keep all Algerians French, the French government responded to both Algerian nationalism and, as is less known, Zionism, and did so with policies that took seriously, rather than rejected, the so-called ethnoreligious arguments that they embraced—and that, according to existing scholarship, have always been anathema to French laïcité. Most scholars on France continue to presume that its history is national or wholly “European.” Yet paying attention to this transnational confrontation, driven by claims from Algeria and Israel, emphasizes the crucial roles of North African and Mediterranean developments in the making of contemporary France.
“BUY LOCAL” OR “BUY JEWISH”? SEPARATIST CONSUMPTION IN INTERWAR PALESTINE
Authors: Shoham Hizky 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe article explores the Zionist cultural economy in interwar Palestine, by studying the emergence of the field of consumption as an arena for political struggles among Jews and between Jews and Arabs. The Jewish nationalist movement employed dominant contemporary assumptions about economic nationalism in attempts to politicize the economy of British Palestine, including through campaigns advocating ethnonational separatism in consumption. Unlike other “buy local” movements around the world, these were not directed solely against imports; rather, they were often “buy Jewish” campaigns waged against the consumption of commodities produced by the rival ethnonational sector in Palestine. Using a variety of archival and media sources, the article tracks the development of Jewish separatist consumption campaigns in interwar Palestine, uncovering a gradual amplification of their ethnonational emphasis that paralleled the escalation of the Arab–Jewish conflict. The cultural mechanisms used to attribute ethnic qualities to objects and define them as either “Jewish” or “foreign” are analyzed with particular attention to the conceptual contradictions in the definitions of a Jewish product, which were shaped by economic conflicts and the diverse political conceptions of Jewish identity. The study of separatist consumption sheds new light on the “dual society” thesis, revealing the deep grip of separatist approaches across multiple layers of the Jewish middle class in the Yishuv.
Risk of contamination of lidocaine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride topical solution:in vivoandin vitroanalyses
Authors: Jog M , Sachidananda R , Saeed K 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjective:To investigate the risk of contamination of lidocaine hydrochloride 5 per cent weight/volume and phenylephrine hydrochloride 0.5 per cent weight/volume topical solution, both in patients (in vivo) and in the laboratory setting (in vitro).Methods:This paper reports a prospective study involving 10 samples of the lidocaine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride topical anaesthetic spray. The samples were assessed for microbiological contamination after a single use on patients in a controlled laboratory environment. Additional samples were assessed for baseline contamination and later assessed for contamination in anin vitrosetting.Results:In thein vivosetting, 2 of the 10 samples were positive for cultures from both the pump and the bottles. However, in thein vitrosetting, the pump and the contents of the bottles were contaminated after a single use when the sterile solution was sprayed from distances of 1 and 2 cm.Conclusion:The lidocaine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride topical solution assembly was contaminated in bothin vivoandin vitrosettings after a single use.
A Description of Embadomonas n.spp. from Blatta orientalis, Rana temporaria, Bufo vulgaris, Salamandra maculosa; with a Note upon the “Cyst” of Trichomonas batrachorum
Authors: Bishop Ann 
Published: July 2013

1. Embadomonas blattae a new species from the hind gut of Blatta orientalis is described. The flagellate measures 6–9 μ × 5–7 μ and the cysts 5–6 μ × 4–5 μ.2. An Embadomonas from Rana temporaria, Bufo vulgaris, and Salamandra maculosa has been cultivated and described. I propose to call it E. dobelli. It differs from other known species of this flagellate in shape, and in absence of a definite karyosome. The flagella and their basal granules are duplicated first at division, and a centrodesmose is formed between one of each pair of basal granules. The cytostome disappears and new ones are reorganised after nuclear division is completed. Definite chromosomes were never seen. Double individuals and occasionally individuals with three nuclei were seen.3. Cysts of E. dobelli were obtained in culture. They are uninucleate. A karyosome is formed; the peripheral chromatin of the nucleus stains intensely and becomes elongated. The lip of the cytostome can often be distinguished, and sometimes the glagella. These cysts are the same as those described originally by Dobell as cysts of Eutrichomastix batrachorum and Trichomonas batrachorum.4. Cysts of Trichomonas batrachorum have never been found in faeces or in cultures.
Red-cell Adhesion in Trypanosomiasis of Man and other Animals
Authors: Wallace James Montague , Wormall Arthur 
Published: July 2013

1. The red-cell adhesion phenomenon in trypanosomiasis of man and other animals, first described by Duke and Wallace (1930) and shown by these authors to be due to the presence in the blood of the infected animal of a sub-stance (adhesin) which appears during the course of an infection, has been investigated further. Several strains of T. rhodesiense and T. gambiense have been used for this study.2. Red-cell adhesion of this nature has been obtained with the red blood cells of primates only, thus confirming the earlier finding.3. No relationship appears to exist between red-cell adhesion and isohaemagglutination, or other types of haemagglutination. The removal, by absorption, of the α and β isohaemagglutinins from a human adhesin serum of blood group O, or the removal from a monkey adhesin serum of agglutinins for baboon, rabbit and guinea-pig red cells does not lead to the removal of the adhesin.4. Centrifuging, per se, does not destroy to any appreciable extent the power of trypanosomes to adhere to red cells.5. Trypanosomes which have been freed from plasma by centrifuging and subsequent washing with citrate-Ringer-glucose solution give good adhesion with human or monkey red cells when a fresh adhesin serum or plasma is used. Little or no adhesion is obtained with these washed trypanosomes however, if the adhesin serum is very old or if it has been previously filtered through a Berkefeld filter candle or if the adhesin serum or plasma has been heated at 56° C. for 30 minutes.6. From this and other evidence the conclusion is reached that in addition to the red cells, trypanosomes and the adhesin some other factor (designated the “X” factor) is necessary for red-cell adhesion.7. This “X” factor is present in the serum or plasma of humans, monkeys, baboons, rabbits and guinea-pigs and has properties similar to those of complement. It is removed, as is most of the haemolytic complement, when the serum is filtered through a Berkefeld filter, it is destroyed by heating at 56° C. for 30 minutes, and, like haemolytic complement, it is inactivated when the serum is subjected to the action of dilute ammonia for about 1½ hours. Filtration, heating at 56° C. for 30 minutes and dilute ammonia appear to have no significant destructive action on the adhesin.8. The requirements for this red-cell adhesion phenomenon are (a) the red cells of a primate, (b) an adhesin, which is probably an antibody-like sub-stance produced during infection with trypanosomes, (c) trypanosomes of a strain related to that which gave rise to the formation of the adhesin, and (d) a complement-like component (“X” factor) present in the plasma and serum of most, if not all, normal animals.
The Larval and Pupal Anatomy ofStenomalus micansOl. (Pteromalidae), a Chalcid Endoparasite of the Gout-fly of Barley (Chlorops taeniopus Meig.), with some Details of the Life History of the Summer Generation
Authors: Kearns H. G. H. 
Published: July 2013

1. Two species of endoparasites, a ChalcidStenomalus micansand a BraconidCoelineus niger, were found in every sample of “gouted” barley examined from a number of counties in southern England.2.Chloropsinfestations were severe in 1928 in many districts, and the majority of the “gouted” shoots were of winter-type damage, of which 68 percent. were parasitised, two-thirds byS. micans.3. The larval anatomy ofS. micansis described:(a) There are five larval instars, each of which is described.(b) The first larval instar appears to be partly predaceous.(c) The larvae can be kept alive for 5 days on the surface of normal physiological saline solution and moulting occurs, which enables the instar to be determined with certainty.(d) The tracheal system is devoid of spiracles until the fourth larval instar; spiracles then develop and are connected to the former rudimentary stigmatic trunks prior to the death of the host.(e) The fourth instar larva develops a cephalic boring armature which is used for breaking up the internal organs of the host and also to bore an exit hole through the latter's body wall.4. The pupa ofS. micansis described and sex differences are indicated.
ECONOPHYSICS: A NEW CHALLENGE FOR FINANCIAL ECONOMICS?
Authors: JOVANOVIC FRANCK , SCHINCKUS CHRISTOPHE 
Published: July 2013

Financial economics was born in the 1960s. It took less than two decades for the new discipline’s main theoretical results to become established, creating what is considered to be mainstream financial economics. Less than thirty years later, a new field of research called “econophysics” was created. This field aims to reinvent modern financial theory and, indirectly, financial economics.This article proposes to study, by an historical analysis, to what extent econophysics today could constitute one of the major theoretical challenges to financial economics. It shows how these two fields have historical similarities, and analyzes how these similarities call the future evolution of financial theory into question.
Doping, sport and the law: time for repeal of prohibition?
Authors: Anderson Jack 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article concerns the legal issues that surround the prohibition of doping in sport. The current policy on the use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) in sport is underpinned by both a paternalistic desire to protect athletes' health and the long-term integrity or ‘spirit’ of sport. The policy is put into administrative effect globally by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which provides the regulatory and legal framework through which the vast majority of international sports federations harmonise their anti-doping programmes. On outlining briefly both the broad administrative structures of international sport's various anti-doping mechanisms, and specific legal issues that arise in disciplinary hearings involving athletes accused of doping, this article questions the sustainability of the current ‘zero tolerance’ approach, arguing, by way of analogy to the wider societal debate on the criminalisation of drugs, and as informed by Sunstein and Thaler's theory of libertarian paternalism, that current policy on anti-doping has failed. Moreover, rather than the extant moral and punitive panic regarding doping in sport, this article, drawing respectively on Seddon's and Simon's work on the history of drugs and crime control mentality, contends that, as an alternative, harm reductionist measures should be promoted, including consideration of the medically supervised use of certain PEDs.
Peripheral governance: administering transnational health-care flows
Authors: Fletcher Ruth 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper develops the concept of peripheral governance as a kind of legal transnationalism that is being generated by responses to outward travel for health care. I argue for a recuperation of the ‘peripheral’ in order to think through the ways in which marginal actors and marginal objects contribute to transnationalism. The paper draws on the idea of networked governance, nodal governance in particular, to capture governance mechanisms that have emerged in response to outward flows for health care. Peripheral governance comes into being through the cultivation of dependency on core provision of health care in other jurisdictions and by focusing domestic provision on those services (information, counselling, check-ups), which lie on the margins of health care. Peripheral governance has four key technologies: non-development, exit, use and return. These technologies illustrate how state agencies may actively mobilise the peripheral as they claim to address local needs through participation in the regulation of cross-border health care. In so doing they configure a conception of the peripheral that does not want to become core, participates in transnational networks on its own terms, and focuses on marginal objects of health care. I develop this account of peripheral governance through a critical reading of the strategies that the Irish Crisis Pregnancy Agency has adopted in response to women's practices of travelling for abortion care.
Role of point defects on the reactivity of reconstructed anatase titanium dioxide (001) surface
Authors: Wang Yang , Sun Huijuan , Tan Shijing , Feng Hao , Cheng Zhengwang , Zhao Jin , Zhao Aidi , Wang Bing , Luo Yi , Yang Jinlong , Hou J. G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe chemical reactivity of different surfaces of titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been the subject of extensive studies in recent decades. The anatase TiO2(001) and its (1 × 4) reconstructed surfaces were theoretically considered to be the most reactive and have been heavily pursued by synthetic chemists. However, the lack of direct experimental verification or determination of the active sites on these surfaces has caused controversy and debate. Here we report a systematic study on an anatase TiO2(001)-(1 × 4) surface by means of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques in combination with first-principles calculations. Two types of intrinsic point defects are identified, among which only the Ti3+ defect site on the reduced surface demonstrates considerable chemical activity. The perfect surface itself can be fully oxidized, but shows no obvious activity. Our findings suggest that the reactivity of the anatase TiO2(001) surface should depend on its reduction status, similar to that of rutile TiO2 surfaces.