bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is “getting started” an effective way for people to overcome the depletion effect?
Authors: Walsh Darlene , Mantonakis Antonia , Joordens Steve 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhereas most research on depletion focuses on its effect on the overall performance of a subsequent task requiring self‐control, we examine the effect of depletion on self‐control after performance has begun. Across different manipulations of depletion and using different measures of self‐control (e.g., overriding an automatic behavioural tendency, enduring on a physically demanding task, and making healthy consumption choices), the results of three studies show that when self‐control has been initiated, the effect of depletion has little influence on subsequent behaviour also requiring self‐control: in other words, “getting started” on a self‐control task attenuates the depletion effect. The results also show that the way in which self‐control starts—that is, whether people choose to regulate, or whether this choice is forced—appears irrelevant. This research clarifies an effective way to facilitate self‐control after depletion, while providing a better understanding of the process underlying depletion. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The stress hormone corticosterone in a marine top predator reflects short‐term changes in food availability
Authors: Barrett Robert T. , Erikstad Kjell E. , Sandvik Hanno , Myksvoll Mari , Jenni‐Eiermann Susi , Kristensen Ditte L. , Moum Truls , Reiertsen Tone K. , Vikebø Frode 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn many seabird studies, single annual proxies of prey abundance have been used to explain variability in breeding performance, but much more important is probably the timing of prey availability relative to the breeding season when energy demand is at a maximum. Until now, intraseasonal variation in prey availability has been difficult to quantify in seabirds. Using a state‐of‐the‐art ocean drift model of larval cod Gadus morhua, an important constituent of the diet of common guillemots Uria aalge in the southwestern Barents Sea, we were able to show clear, short‐term correlations between food availability and measurements of the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) in parental guillemots over a 3‐year period (2009–2011). The model allowed the extraction of abundance and size of cod larvae with very high spatial (4 km) and temporal resolutions (1 day) and showed that cod larvae from adjacent northern spawning grounds in Norway were always available near the guillemot breeding colony while those from more distant southerly spawning grounds were less frequent, but larger. The latter arrived in waves whose magnitude and timing, and thus overlap with the guillemot breeding season, varied between years. CORT levels in adult guillemots were lower in birds caught after a week with high frequencies of southern cod larvae. This pattern was restricted to the two years (2009 and 2010) in which southern larvae arrived before the end of the guillemot breeding season. Any such pattern was masked in 2011 by already exceptionally high numbers of cod larvae in the region throughout chick‐rearing period. The findings suggest that CORT levels in breeding birds increase when the arrival of southern sizable larvae does not match the period of peak energy requirements during breeding.
Participation–Prescription Tension in Natural Resource Management: The case of diffuse pollution in Scottish water management
Authors: Waylen Kerry A. , Blackstock Kirsty L. , Marshall Keith B. , Dunglinson Jill 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe need for stakeholder participation in natural resource management is widely acknowledged. Many have noted that real‐life processes fall short of theoretical ideals in the literature, but less attention is given to understanding if and how participation may produce positive outcomes within these imperfect processes. For example, policies prescribing specific goals and statutory timelines are potentially in tension with goals for stakeholder participation, but the implications of this tension are not well understood.We studied this tension in order to inform future participatory natural resource management. We used qualitative inductive analysis of river basin management planning in Scotland to explore to the extent to which benefits of participation were possible under prescribed conditions, and how prescribed constraints influenced the processes of participation.Participation was constrained by the prescribed targets and timeline. However, participants in advisory groups challenged assumptions and provided additional information, leading to a more balanced analysis of pressures and a more collaborative approach to potential solutions. Overall, their interaction and inputs produced a mix of substantive and instrumental benefits to the process. More attention is needed to understand if and how such benefits would be realized from other processes, but our findings support the value of encouraging participation in natural resource management, even when that participation is constrained. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Effects of types and amounts of stabilizers on physical and sensory characteristics of cloudy ready‐to‐drink mulberry fruit juice
Authors: Akkarachaneeyakorn Suthida , Tinrat Sirikhwan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this study, the pH of mulberry juice was optimized for high anthocyanin content and an attractive red color. Mulberry juice pH values of 2.5, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 were evaluated. A pH of 2.5 gave an anthocyanin content of 541.39 ± 106.43 mg of cyanidin‐3‐glucoside per liter, and the a* value was 14 ± 1.00. The effects of stabilizers (CMC and xanthan gum) on the physical characteristics of cloudy ready‐to‐drink mulberry fruit juice (via the addition of mulberry fruit pulp at a mass fraction of 5%) during storage (4°C for 1 week) were also determined using different mass fractions of the stabilizers (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%). Increasing the stabilizer mass fraction increased the viscosity, turbidity, stability of turbidity, and h* value. Using xanthan gum as the stabilizer produced better results for these parameters than CMC. The type of stabilizer and its mass fraction had no effect on most sensory characteristics, including appearance, color, taste, texture, and overall acceptability (P ≥ 0.05), but did affect the odor (P ˂ 0.05). Xanthan gum stabilizer gave the juice a better odor than CMC. Cloudy mulberry juice containing 0.5% xanthan gum as the stabilizer had the highest acceptance rate among panelists (average acceptance was 6.90 ± 1.37 points) and produced no precipitate during storage.
A novel fabrication method to create a thick collagen bundle composed of uniaxially aligned fibrils: An essential technology for the development of artificial tendon/ligament matrices
Authors: Yunoki Shunji , Hatayama Hirosuke , Ebisawa Mizue , Kondo Eiji , Yasuda Kazunori 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this study, we developed a fabrication method for thick collagen gel bundles comprising uniaxially aligned fibrils of sufficient size for filling defects in ligament tissues. The fabrication involved rotary shearing to dense collagen sols using a rheometer and then warming them from 23°C to 37°C to trigger gelation upon rotation. Gelation due to collagen fibril formation was accelerated by increased concentrations of neutral phosphate buffer, and fibril alignment occurred within 20 s during the early stage of rapid gelation. Fabrication of gels was completed with slippage between gels and the movable upper plate, and well‐aligned fibrils along the rotation direction were observed in the marginal regions of disc‐shaped gels. Gel thickness could be increased from 1 to 3 mm with homogeneous alignment of fibrils in the entire sample. The alignment of fibrils improved mechanical properties against tensile loads that were placed parallel to the alignment axis. Elongation of cultured fibroblast along the alignment was observed on the gels. The present method will enable the bottom–up fabrication of an artificial tendon for ligament reconstruction and repair. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3054–3065, 2015.
SMAD3 and SP1/SP3 Transcription Factors Collaborate to Regulate Connective Tissue Growth Factor Gene Expression in Myoblasts in Response to Transforming Growth Factor β
Authors: Córdova Gonzalo , Rochard Alice , Riquelme‐Guzmán Camilo , Cofré Catalina , Scherman Daniel , Bigey Pascal , Brandan Enrique 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTFibrotic disorders are characterized by an increase in extracellular matrix protein expression and deposition, Duchene Muscular Dystrophy being one of them. Among the factors that induce fibrosis are Transforming Growth Factor type β (TGF‐β) and the matricellular protein Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF/CCN2), the latter being a target of the TGF‐β/SMAD signaling pathway and is the responsible for the profibrotic effects of TGF‐β. Both CTGF and TGF are increased in tissues affected by fibrosis but little is known about the regulation of the expression of CTGF mediated by TGF‐β in muscle cells. By using luciferase reporter assays, site directed mutagenesis and specific inhibitors in C2C12 cells; we described a novel SMAD Binding Element (SBE) located in the 5′ UTR region of the CTGF gene important for the TGF‐β‐mediated expression of CTGF in myoblasts. In addition, our results suggest that additional transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) present in the 5' UTR of the CTGF gene are important for this expression and that SP1/SP3 factors are involved in TGF‐β‐mediated CTGF expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1880–1887, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Periplasmic expression in and release of Fab fragments from Escherichia coli using stress minimization
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Chang , Thomas Owen RT , Overton Tim W 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe bacterium Escherichia coli is a commonly used host for the production of recombinant protein biopharmaceutical products. One class of such molecules is antibody fragments, typified by the Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis therapy Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia®). Antibody fragments generated in E. coli are often directed to the periplasm, so that disulphide bonding can occur and release can be simplified. However, many recombinant protein products are prone to misfolding and mislocalization. Here, we optimized the production of a Fab fragment, D1.3, and its release from the periplasm of E. coli using osmotic shock.RESULTSBy minimizing stress imposed on the bacterial hosts and monitoring Fab, total protein and DNA concentrations of fractions isolated following osmotic release, we successfully targeted the majority of recombinant Fab to the periplasm and were able to rapidly define optimal harvest points. Coupled optimization of fermentation and release increased the Fab concentration of the periplasmic extract by more than 20‐fold.CONCLUSIONSimultaneous optimization of fermentation and periplasmic release allowed rapid definition of operational space and generation of recombinant protein in a form compatible with downstream processing steps. This methodology could be used for optimization of the production of a range of periplasmically‐targeted recombinant proteins. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Soil moisture trends in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2012
Authors: Trnka M. , Brázdil R. , Možný M. , Štěpánek P. , Dobrovolný P. , Zahradníček P. , Balek J. , Semerádová D. , Dubrovský M. , Hlavinka P. , Eitzinger J. , Wardlow B. , Svoboda M. , Hayes M. , Žalud Z. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTCentral Europe is generally not considered a drought‐prone region compared with, for example, the Mediterranean. However, Central Europe, including the Czech Republic, recently experienced a series of drought events with substantial impacts, especially on crop production. Because agriculture systems, and vegetation in general, have adapted to evenly distributed precipitation, the region is susceptible to even short‐term droughts. The recent drought events may be the result of multi‐decadal climate variability or a more general trend, with some studies showing a link to a more frequent occurrence of atmospheric circulation patterns that are conducive to drought. This study introduces an innovation to the standard methodological approaches in evaluating drought climatology by analysing soil moisture conditions over more than 50 years. This approach relies on state‐of‐the‐art observed weather data and state‐of‐the‐art soil moisture model data, and focuses on the dynamic simulation of soil moisture content with high temporal (daily) and spatial (500 m) resolution in a diverse landscape. Statistically significant trends of decreasing soil moisture content were found, notably during May and June between 1961 and 2012. In contrast, trends towards higher soil moisture content were noted during the October–March time period. When the periods of 2001–2012 and 1961–1980 were compared, the probability of drought between April and June was found to increase by 50%. This indicates a loading of the ‘climate dice’ towards drier conditions. The probability of extreme drought events has also been found to increase. These results support concerns about the potentially increased severity of drought events in Central Europe under projected climate change.
Dynamic locking plates provide symmetric axial dynamization to stimulate fracture healing
Authors: Tsai Stanley , Fitzpatrick Daniel C. , Madey Steven M. , Bottlang Michael 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAxial dynamization of an osteosynthesis construct can promote fracture healing. This biomechanical study evaluated a novel dynamic locking plate that derives symmetric axial dynamization by elastic suspension of locking holes within the plate.Standard locked and dynamic plating constructs were tested in a diaphyseal bridge‐plating model of the femoral diaphysis to determine the amount and symmetry of interfragmentary motion under axial loading, and to assess construct stiffness under axial loading, torsion, and bending. Subsequently, constructs were loaded until failure to determine construct strength and failure modes. Finally, strength tests were repeated in osteoporotic bone surrogates.One body‐weight axial loading of standard locked constructs produced asymmetric interfragmentary motion that was over three times smaller at the near cortex (0.1 ± 0.01 mm) than at the far cortex (0.32 ± 0.02 mm). Compared to standard locked constructs, dynamic plating constructs enhanced motion by 0.32 mm at the near cortex and by 0.33 mm at the far cortex and yielded a 77% lower axial stiffness (p < 0.001). Dynamic plating constructs were at least as strong as standard locked constructs under all test conditions.In conclusion, dynamic locking plates symmetrically enhance interfragmentary motion, deliver controlled axial dynamization, and are at least comparable in strength to standard locked constructs. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1218–1225, 2015.
Hepatoprotective effects of soluble rice protein in primary hepatocytes and in mice
Authors: Han Bok‐Kyung , Park Yooheon , Choi Hyeon‐Son , Suh Hyung Joo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe production of rice‐derived by‐products has increased owing to the growing use of processed rice products. The objective of this study was to isolate highly purified proteins from a rice by‐product, rice syrup meal, and to examine their hepatoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo.RESULTSSoluble rice protein (SRP70) was obtained via enzymatic processing of rice syrup meal using Termamyl SC and Alcalase. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that SRP70 contained low‐molecular‐weight (<600 Da) peptides. SRP70 did not affect the viability of rat primary hepatocytes and ameliorated tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BHP)‐induced cytotoxicity. t‐BHP‐induced elevations in hepatocyte alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were reduced by SRP70 in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, t‐BHP exposure increased the level of malondialdehyde, a toxic reactive aldehyde, which was dose‐dependently decreased by SRP70 treatment. These SRP70‐induced decreases in biochemical parameters were also observed in vivo in mice. In particular, SRP70 increased the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes in t‐BHP‐treated mice, including catalase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as increasing the level of glutathione, an antioxidant peptide. SRP70‐mediated activation of antioxidant enzymes was shown to be due to the up‐regulation in their gene expressions, while nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4), a pro‐oxidant enzyme, was down‐regulated by SRP70. Hematoxylin and eosin staining also showed that SRP70 protected the liver from histopathological changes induced by t‐BHP.CONCLUSIONTaken together, these data showed that SRP70, which is derived from a rice‐processing by‐product, had hepatoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Does Biochar Improve Establishment of Tree Seedlings in Saline Sodic Soils?
Authors: Drake Jessica A. , Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Cunningham Shaun C. , Jackson W. Roy , Patti Antonio F. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReforestation of saline sodic soil is increasingly undertaken as a means of reclaiming otherwise unproductive agricultural land. Currently, restoration of degraded land is limited to species with high tolerances of salinity. Biochar application has the potential to improve physical, biological and chemical properties of these soils to allow establishment of a wider range of plants. In a glasshouse trial, we applied biochar made from Acacia pycnantha (5 Mg ha−1) or no biochar to either a low (ECe 4·75 dS m−1, ESP 6·9), a moderate (ECe 27·6 dS m−1, ESP 29·3) or a high (ECe 49·4 dS m−1, ESP 45·1) saline sodic soil. The regional common reforestation species Eucalyptus viminalis and Acacia mearnsii were planted as tubestock in to the soils. Early establishment indicators, including growth, plant condition and nutrition, were assessed at the end of a simulated growing season, 108 days after biochar application. Application of biochar increased height, and decreased root : shoot and the concentration of Mn, N and S in plants of E. viminalis when grown in the highly saline sodic soil. Biochar application increased the concentration of B in leaves of E. viminalis and increased the concentration of P, K and S in leaves of A. mearnsii when grown in the low saline sodic soil. The results confirm that there is potential for biochar to assist in reforestation of saline sodic soils. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Sustainable Freeze‐Drying Route to Porous Polysaccharides with Tailored Hierarchical Meso‐ and Macroporosity
Authors: Borisova Aleksandra , De Bruyn Mario , Budarin Vitaliy L. , Shuttleworth Peter S. , Dodson Jennifer R. , Segatto Mateus L. , Clark James H. 
Published: February 2015

Bio‐derived polysaccharide aerogels are of interest for a broad range of applications. To date, these aerogels have been obtained through the time‐ and solvent‐intensive procedure of hydrogel fomation, solvent exchange, and scCO2 drying, which offers little control over meso/macropore distribution. A simpler and more versatile route is developed, using freeze drying to produce highly mesoporous polysaccharide aerogels with various degrees of macroporosity. The hierarchical pore distribution is controlled by addition of different quantities of t‐butanol (TBA) to hydrogels before drying. Through a systematic study an interesting relationship between the mesoporosity and t‐butanol/water phase diagram is found, linking mesoporosity maxima with eutectic points for all polysaccharides studied (pectin, starch, and alginic acid). Moreover, direct gelation of polysaccharides in aqueous TBA offers additional time savings and the potential for solvent reuse. This finding is a doorway to more accessible polysaccharide aerogels for research and industrial scale production, due to the widespread accessibility of the freeze drying technology and the simplicity of the method.
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Quantity of lymph nodes correlates with improvement in lymphatic drainage in treatment of hind limb lymphedema with lymph node flap transfer in rats
Authors: Nguyen Dung H. , Chou Pan‐Yu , Hsieh Yu‐Hsuan , Momeni Arash , Fang Yu‐Hua Dean , Patel Ketan M. , Yang Chin‐Yu , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: February 2015

PurposeThis study was conducted to investigate the correlation between the number of vascularized lymph nodes (LN) transferred and resolution of hind limb lymphedema in a rat model.MethodsUnilateral hind limb lymphedema was created in 18 male Sprague–Dawley rats following inguinal and popliteal LN resection and radiation. A para‐aortic LN flap based on the celiac artery was subsequently transferred to the affected groin. The three study groups consisted of Group A (no LN transfer), Group B (transfer of a single vascularized LN), and Group C (transfer of three vascularized LNs). Volumetric analysis of bilateral hind limbs was performed using micro‐CT imaging at 1, 2, and 3 months postoperatively. Lymphatic drainage was assessed with Tc99 lymphoscintigraphy preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively.ResultsA statistically significant volume reduction was seen in Groups B and C compared to Group A at all time points. Volume reduction of Group A vs.Group B at 1 month (8.6% ± 2.0% vs. 2.7% ± 2.6%, P < 0.05), 2 months (9.3% ± 2.2% vs. −4.3% ± 2.7%, P < 0.05), and 3 months (7.6% ± 3.3% vs. −8.9% ± 5.2%, P < 0.05). Volume reduction of Group A vs. Group C at 1 month (8.6% ± 2.0% vs. −6.6% ± 3.1%, P < 0.05), 2 months (9.3% ± 2.2% vs. −10.2% ± 4.6%, P < 0.05), and 3 months (7.6% ± 3.3% vs. −9.1% ± 3.1%, P < 0.05). Of note, comparison of Groups B and C demonstrated greater volume reduction in Group C at 1 (P < 0.02) and 2 (P = 0.07) months postoperatively.ConclusionsLN flap transfer is an effective procedure for the treatment of lymphedema. The number of vascularized LNs transferred correlates positively with the degree of volume reduction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:239–245, 2016.
On a sub‐Stiefel Procrustes problem arising in computer vision
Authors: Cardoso João R. , Ziȩtak Krystyna 
Published: February 2015

SummaryA sub‐Stiefel matrix is a matrix that results from deleting simultaneously the last row and the last column of an orthogonal matrix. In this paper, we consider a Procrustes problem on the set of sub‐Stiefel matrices of order n. For n = 2, this problem has arisen in computer vision to solve the surface unfolding problem considered by R. Fereirra, J. Xavier and J. Costeira. An iterative algorithm for computing the solution of the sub‐Stiefel Procrustes problem for an arbitrary n is proposed, and some numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate its performance. For these purposes, we investigate the properties of sub‐Stiefel matrices. In particular, we derive two necessary and sufficient conditions for a matrix to be sub‐Stiefel. We also relate the sub‐Stiefel Procrustes problem with the Stiefel Procrustes problem and compare it with the orthogonal Procrustes problem. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.