bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic integration plasticity inDaphnia magna: an integral facet ofG × Einteractions
Authors: Plaistow S. J. , Collin H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPhenotypic integration can be defined as the network of multivariate relationships among behavioural, physiological and morphological traits that describe the organism. Phenotypic integration plasticity refers to the change in patterns of phenotypic integration across environments or ontogeny. Because studies of phenotypic plasticity have predominantly focussed on single traits, aG × Einteraction is typically perceived as differences in the magnitude of trait expression across two or more environments. However, many plastic responses involve coordinated responses in multiple traits, raising the possibility thatrelativedifferences in trait expression in different environments are an important, but often overlooked, source ofG × Einteraction. Here, we use phenotypic change vectors to statistically compare the multivariate life‐history plasticity of sixDaphnia magnaclones collected from four disparate European populations. Differences in the magnitude of plastic responses were statistically distinguishable for two of the six clones studied. However, differences in phenotypic integration plasticity were statistically distinguishable for all six of the clones studied, suggesting that phenotypic integration plasticity is an important component ofG × Einteractions that may be missed unless appropriate multivariate analyses are used.
Predation of Thereva nobilitata (Fabricius) (Diptera: Therevidae) on Agriotes obscurus L. (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Authors: van Herk W. G. , Vernon R. S. , Cronin E. M. L. , Gaimari S. D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLittle is known about the natural enemies of wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae), but there are frequent anecdotal reports of (usually unnamed) stiletto fly larvae (Diptera: Therevidae) preying on various species. We observed larvae of Thereva nobilitata (Fabricius) feeding on larvae of the dusky wireworm, Agriotes obscurus L., during the summer of 2011, in Agassiz, British Columbia. This finding is of interest as: both the predator and the wireworm are introduced species to this area from Europe; T. nobilitata is uncommon in North America; and this predator has not been associated with any wireworm species previously. We observed that larvae of male and female T. nobilitata will feed on various sizes of A. obscurus larvae, most feeding being carried out by the smallest T. nobilitata larvae. These findings suggest future work should assess the potential for therevid larvae as top‐down regulators of Agriotes larvae under field conditions.
Deep‐branching Novel Lineages and High Diversity of Haptophytes in the Skagerrak (Norway) Uncovered by 454 Pyrosequencing
Authors: Egge Elianne S. , Eikrem Wenche , Edvardsen Bente 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMicroalgae in the division Haptophyta may be difficult to identify to species by microscopy because they are small and fragile. Here, we used high‐throughput sequencing to explore the diversity of haptophytes in outer Oslofjorden, Skagerrak, and supplemented this with electron microscopy. Nano‐ and picoplanktonic subsurface samples were collected monthly for 2 yr, and the haptophytes were targeted by amplification of RNA/cDNA with Haptophyta‐specific 18S ribosomal DNA V4 primers. Pyrosequencing revealed higher species richness of haptophytes than previously observed in the Skagerrak by microscopy. From ca. 400,000 reads we obtained 156 haptophyte operational taxonomic units (OTUs) after rigorous filtering and 99.5% clustering. The majority (84%) of the OTUs matched environmental sequences not linked to a morphological species, most of which were affiliated with the order Prymnesiales. Phylogenetic analyses including Oslofjorden OTUs and available cultured and environmental haptophyte sequences showed that several of the OTUs matched sequences forming deep‐branching lineages, potentially representing novel haptophyte classes. Pyrosequencing also retrieved cultured species not previously reported by microscopy in the Skagerrak. Electron microscopy revealed species not yet genetically characterised and some potentially novel taxa. This study contributes to linking genotype to phenotype within this ubiquitous and ecologically important protist group, and reveals great, unknown diversity.
Improvement through Small Cycles of Change: Lessons from an Academic Medical Center Emergency Department
Authors: Arbune Amit , Wackerbarth Sarah , Allison Penne , Conigliaro Joseph 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:This article describes the experiences of a quality improvement team that used small cycles of change to improve the emergency department (ED) of an academic medical center. The role of EDs in the provision of healthcare continues to increase in importance. ED bottlenecks contribute to long waits and diminished outcomes for ED patients as well as more system-wide issues, such as inefficiencies in inpatient admission processes. The purpose of this “ED Operational Efficiency Project” was to reduce lengths of stay (LOS) for low-acuity patients. The team used lean management techniques to both improve services and shift the ED culture to prioritize continuous quality improvement. The goal to reduce LOS by 30% was met as the result of several inter=related projects (or small cycles of change). Key lessons include monitoring metrics, communicating with teams and target populations, learning from initial failures, using small wins to increase momentum, and anchoring changes.
Condoms and Connection: Parents, Gay and Bisexual Youth, andHIVRisk
Authors: LaSala Michael C. 
Published: August 2014

The family has long been considered a powerful influence on youth's high‐risk behaviors. However, little is known about preventive family influences for gay and bisexual youth, a group at high risk forHIVinfection. For this study, qualitative interviews from a sample of 38 gay and bisexual youth and their parents/guardians underwent a thematic analysis. Youth described parent–child closeness, parental warnings, and urgings to use condoms as influences. Youth denying family influence came from families in which parent–child relationships were disrupted orHIV‐related discussion was lacking. Most families reported discomfort discussingHIVrisk. These findings, along with a case example, suggest how family therapists can enhance parental influence by helping these families strengthen their relationships and discuss this important topic.Video Abstract
Are the fabellae bisected by the femoral cortices in a true craniocaudal pelvic limb radiograph?
Authors: Aiken M. , Barnes D. 
Published: August 2014

OBJECTIVESTo assess whether the bisection of the fabellae by their respective femoral cortices is a useful criterion for assessing positioning of craniocaudal pelvic limb radiographs, and whether this is consistent in limbs affected or unaffected by medial patella luxation.METHODSComputed tomography multi‐planar reconstructions were used to determine the relative positions of the fabellae with respect to the femoral cortices.RESULTSOnly 36% of fabellae overall were bisected by the femoral cortex. There was no significant difference between limbs affected or unaffected by medial patella luxation.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe accurate measurement of femoral varus angle is important in pre‐surgical planning of distal femoral ostectomy. Radiography is normally used to obtain the femoral varus angle, and femoral rotational malpositioning will induce errors in the femoral varus angle measured. Bisection of the fabellae by the femoral cortices is commonly cited as a criterion by which to assess whether a radiographic projection is truly craniocaudal, yet this study has shown this not to be valid.
Final year veterinary students’ attitudes towards small animal dentistry: a questionnaire‐based survey
Authors: Perry R. 
Published: August 2014

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the attitudes of final year veterinary students towards small animal dentistry and to examine the teaching received in this subject, both at university and during extra‐mural studies.METHODSA cross‐sectional study of allUKfinal year veterinary students in 2012 was designed and used by a self‐administered Internet‐based questionnaire.RESULTSSix of seven universities participated with 188 student responses. All students felt that it was important or very important for a small animal practitioner to have a broad understanding of dentistry, and that orodental problems were common or very common in small animals. Almost all (99 · 5%) students perceived small animal dentistry as an important or very important subject. Less than 40% of students felt that the teaching had prepared them for entering practice. Over 50% reported that they neither felt confident in discussing orodental problems with clients nor in performing a detailed examination of the oral cavity.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEDental problems are perceived by students as frequently encountered in small animal practice. The veterinary surgeon should be adequately trained to detect, diagnose and treat dental disease in small animals and many students feel that their current teaching is inadequate.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sexual Problems and Sexual Distress in a Sample of Women Suffering from Chronic Widespread Pain
Authors: Burri Andrea , Lachance Genevieve , Williams Frances M.K. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is a prevalent musculoskeletal problem and a cardinal symptom of fibromyalgia, affecting up to 15% of the population. CWP is associated with substantial physical and psychological impairment and reduced quality of life.

Aim
To describe sexual problems in women having CWP. To compare the sexual function between patients with CWP and healthy women, and to explore potential predictors of sexual problems in women suffering from CWP.

Methods
A descriptive, cross sectional study involving a total of 853 individuals, including 166 with CWP and 687 healthy counterparts. For the screening of sexual problems and distress, the original and amended lifelong version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Female Sexual Distress Scale were applied. A set of standardized questionnaires to assess potential risk factors for sexual problems was further used.

Main Outcome Measures
The levels of sexual function and distress in women with CWP was compared with those of healthy women. Univariate and multivariate linear regression was used to determine the potential predictors for sexual problems in women with CWP and healthy counterparts.

Results
Women with CWP reported more difficulties with lubrication, more sexual pain, and higher levels of sexual distress. Potential predictors of sexual problems in women with CWP were heterogeneous, with relationship dissatisfaction being associated with lower levels of sexual function in all the FSFI domains. Significant, domain-specific effects were further detected for anxiety sensitivity, emotional intelligence, obsessive compulsive behavior, and the big five personality traits. In general, factors influencing recent sexual problems were different from those influencing lifelong sexual function.

Conclusions
CWP patients report more sexual pain and sexual distress compared with controls. Assessment of sexual problems should therefore be added to routine care of patients with CWP.
Minimum Wages as a Barrier to Entry: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Bachmann Ronald , Bauer Thomas K. , Frings Hanna 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study analyses employers' support for the introduction of industry‐specific minimum wages as a cost‐raising strategy in order to deter market entry. Using a unique data set consisting of 800 firms in the German service sector, we show that high‐productivity employers support minimum wages. We further find some evidence that minimum wage support is higher in industries and regions with low barriers to entry. This is particularly the case in East Germany, where the perceived threat of low‐wage competition from Central and Eastern European countries is relatively high. In addition, firms paying collectively agreed wages are more strongly in favour of minimum wages.
Widespread hydrothermal alteration minerals in the fine‐grained matrices of the Tieschitz unequilibrated ordinary chondrite
Authors: Dobrică E. , Brearley A. J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMineralogic, textural, and compositional studies of black and white matrices in the unequilibrated ordinary chondrite Tieschitz (H/L, 3.6) show, for the first time in an ordinary chondrite, the presence of widespread, randomly distributed geode‐like voids and veins. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies show that these voids and veins are partially or completely filled by sodic–calcic amphiboles (winchite and barroisite). The occurrence of amphiboles provides unequivocal evidence of the involvement of fluids in the metamorphic evolution of the parent body of Tieschitz. The presence of amphiboles as the main hydrous phases, rather than phyllosilicates, indicates that aqueous fluids were present at or close to the peak of thermal metamorphism, rather than during the waning stages of the cooling history of the parent body. In addition, ferrous olivine crystals, in association with the amphibole, also establish an important link between thermal metamorphism and hydrous phases formed at high temperatures. Mineralogic and textural evidence suggests that the white matrix and amphibole formed contemporaneously from the same hydrous fluid, prior to the formation of ferrous olivine crystals. Additionally, a dark inclusion identified in the host chondrite has mineralogic, petrologic, and bulk chemical characteristics that are similar to the black matrix of host Tieschitz, suggesting that this dark inclusion was emplaced before or during parent body metamorphism.
Identification and functional analysis of Penicillium digitatum genes putatively involved in virulence towards citrus fruit
Authors: López‐Pérez Mario , Ballester Ana‐Rosa , González‐Candelas Luis 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe fungus Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of green mould rot, is the most destructive post‐harvest pathogen of citrus fruit in Mediterranean regions. In order to identify P. digitatum genes up‐regulated during the infection of oranges that may constitute putative virulence factors, we followed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA macroarray hybridization approach. The origin of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was determined by comparison against the available genome sequences of both organisms. Genes coding for fungal proteases and plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes represent the largest categories in the subtracted cDNA library. Northern blot analysis of a selection of P. digitatum genes, including those coding for proteases, cell wall‐related enzymes, redox homoeostasis and detoxification processes, confirmed their up‐regulation at varying time points during the infection process. Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation was used to generate knockout mutants for two genes encoding a pectin lyase (Pnl1) and a naphthalene dioxygenase (Ndo1). Two independent P. digitatum Δndo1 mutants were as virulent as the wild‐type. However, the two Δpnl1 mutants analysed were less virulent than the parental strain or an ectopic transformant. Together, these results provide a significant advance in our understanding of the putative determinants of the virulence mechanisms of P. digitatum.
To grow or defend? Low red : far‐red ratios reduce jasmonate sensitivity in Arabidopsis seedlings by promoting DELLA degradation and increasing JAZ10 stability
Authors: Leone Melisa , Keller Mercedes M. , Cerrudo Ignacio , Ballaré Carlos L. 
Published: August 2014

Summary

How plants balance resource allocation between growth and defense under conditions of competitive stress is a key question in plant biology. Low red : far‐red (R : FR) ratios, which signal a high risk of competition in plant canopies, repress jasmonate‐induced defense responses. The mechanism of this repression is not well understood. We addressed this problem in Arabidopsis by investigating the role of DELLA and JASMONATE ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins.

We showed that a quintuple della mutant and a phyB mutant were insensitive to jasmonate for several physiological readouts. Inactivation of the photoreceptor phyB by low R : FR ratios rapidly reduced DELLA protein abundance, and the inhibitory effect of FR on jasmonate signaling was missing in the gai‐1 mutant, which encodes a stable version of the GAI DELLA protein.

We also demonstrated that low R : FR ratios and the phyB mutation stabilized the protein JAZ10. Furthermore, we demonstrated that JAZ10 was required for the inhibitory effect of low R : FR on jasmonate responses, and that the jaz10 mutation restored jasmonate sensitivity to the phyB mutant.

We conclude that, under conditions of competition for light, plants redirect resource allocation from defense to rapid elongation by promoting DELLA degradation and enhancing JAZ10 stability.
Identification and functional assay of the interaction motifs in the partner protein OsNAR2.1 of the two‐component system for high‐affinity nitrate transport
Authors: Liu Xiaoqin , Huang Daimin , Tao Jinyuan , Miller Anthony J. , Fan Xiaorong , Xu Guohua 
Published: August 2014

Summary

A partner protein, NAR2, is essential for high‐affinity nitrate transport of the NRT2 protein in plants. However, the NAR2 motifs that interact with NRT2s for their plasma membrane (PM) localization and nitrate transporter activity have not been functionally characterized.

In this study, OsNAR2.1 mutations with different carbon (C)‐terminal deletions and nine different point mutations in the conserved regions of NAR2 homologs in plants were generated to explore the essential motifs involved in the interaction with OsNRT2.3a.

Screening using the membrane yeast two‐hybrid system and Xenopus oocytes for nitrogen‐15 (15N) uptake demonstrated that either R100G or D109N point mutations impaired the OsNAR2.1 interaction with OsNRT2.3a. Western blotting and visualization using green fluorescent protein fused to either the N‐ or C‐terminus of OsNAR2.1 indicated that OsNAR2.1 is expressed in both the PM and cytoplasm. The split‐yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)/BiFC analyses indicated that OsNRT2.3a was targeted to the PM in the presence of OsNAR2.1, while either R100G or D109N mutation resulted in the loss of OsNRT2.3a‐YFP signal in the PM.

Based on these results, arginine 100 and aspartic acid 109 of the OsNAR2.1 protein are key amino acids in the interaction with OsNRT2.3a, and their interaction occurs in the PM but not cytoplasm.
Independent allopolyploidization events preceded speciation in the temperate and tropical woody bamboos
Authors: Triplett Jimmy K. , Clark Lynn G. , Fisher Amanda E. , Wen Jun 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe objectives of the current study were to investigate the origin of polyploidy in the woody bamboos and examine putative hybrid relationships in one major lineage (the temperate woody bamboos, tribeArundinarieae).Phylogenetic analyses were based on sequence data from three nuclear loci and 38 species in 27 genera.We identify six ancestral genome donors for contemporary bamboo lineages: temperate woody bamboos (tribeArundinarieae) contain genomes A and B, tropical woody bamboos (tribeBambuseae) contain genomesCandD, and herbaceous bamboos (tribeOlyreae) contain genomeH; some hexaploid paleotropical bamboos contain genomeEin addition toCandD. Molecular data indicate that allopolyploidy arose independently in temperate (AABB) and tropical woody lineages (CCDDandCCDDEE), and speciation occurred subsequent to polyploidization. Moreover, hybridization has played a surprising and recurrent role in bamboo evolution, generating allohexaploid species in the paleotropical clade and intergeneric hybrids among the allotetraploid temperate bamboos.We suggest this complex history of reticulate evolution is at least partially responsible for the taxonomic difficulty associated with the woody bamboos. This newly‐resolved phylogenetic framework reflects a major step forward in our understanding of bamboo biodiversity and has important implications for the interpretation of bamboo phylogenomics.
Pluralistic ignorance and misperception of social norms concerning cheating in dating relationships
Authors: BOON SUSAN D. , WATKINS SARAH J. , SCIBAN ROWAN A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTwo studies tested the hypothesis that beliefs about infidelity in dating relationships reflect pluralistic ignorance, a misperception in which people mistakenly believe that their own personal attitudes and behavior differ from others' when they do not. Consistent with pluralistic ignorance findings in other domains, undergraduates reported that the average university student (a) saw dating infidelity as more acceptable and (b) engaged in unfaithful acts more frequently than they themselves did. Neither type of infidelity (sexual, emotional, both sexual and emotional, or unspecified; Study 1, N = 176) nor motivated reasoning (i.e., defensiveness; Study 2, N = 359) moderated this pattern of results. Possible sources of misperceived norms concerning fidelity in dating relationships and the implications of such misperceptions are discussed.
Antecedents of open innovation at the project level: empirical analysis ofKorean firms
Authors: Kim Namkuk , Kim Dong‐Jae , Lee Sungjoo 
Published: August 2014

The concept of open innovation has recently gained wide academic attention, as it seems to have significant impact for company performance. Most empirical investigations about this emerging concept have been case studies of successful early adopters of open innovation, and their analyses have largely been at the company level. Although case studies at that level provide meaningful implications, the new phenomena merit a more in‐depth examination: that is, we need to collect and analyze data on multiple companies to explore more systematic findings about open innovations across companies. Moreover, analyses may need to go down to the individual project rather than the whole company level because innovation activities are often conducted as part of research and development (R&D) projects.To meet these needs, this study examines companies' open innovation efforts at the level of the individualR&Dproject. Specifically, the present study focuses on project‐level openness to better understand the mechanisms of open innovation. It explores systematic relationships between various antecedent factors and the degree of openness. Project‐level openness could be affected by team and task characteristics, such as team size, learning distance, strategic importance, technology and market uncertainty, and relevance to the main business. Relevant data collected from 303 companies inKorea were used to identify the antecedents that affect inbound and outbound openness. The research findings are expected to help provide a concrete theoretical framework suited for more generalized application and further practical development of open innovation strategy.