bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the optimal operation of a prosumer micro energy network centred on data centres
Authors: Zhang Yuanshi , Ge Yiwu , Wang Shunjiang , Pan Weiqi , Feng Yiwen , Qiu Peng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs the share of intermittent and fluctuating renewable energy sources in the power system continues to increase, demand‐side resources must be utilized to enhance the real‐time balance of power generation and supply. Data centres, as typical energy‐intensive loads with bidirectional supply and demand characteristics, are crucial demand‐side resources. However, their operation is complex, making reliable regulation difficult. This paper establishes a refined process‐level load model for data centres by considering the temporal and spatial shifting characteristics of computational loads, effectively reflecting the intricate interactions between these loads and servers. Based on this model, a micro‐energy network is constructed that integrates renewable energy access and waste heat recovery from the data centre. This network also participates in carbon emission trading and green electricity certificate trading markets, applying an interaction mechanism. By considering data interaction and power sharing among multiple micro‐energy networks, the alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm is used to solve the system‐distributed optimization problem in two stages. This approach results in an optimal energy management scheme that simultaneously reduces total operation costs and carbon emissions.
Intraoperative Germinoma Staining: A Technical Note
Authors: Naydenov Emanuil , Karazapryanov Petar , Pavlov Velislav , Metodiev Dimitar , Minkin Krasimir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs the main treatment modality of central neural system germinomas is radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, the exact initial diagnosis of the disease is crucial. Depending on the different national protocols, histologic verification can be obligatory in some instances. This is a serious challenge, taking into account the usual location and nonspecific macroscopic appearance of these lesions. Here, we propose a safe and effective method of intraoperative tumor enhancement that can increase the confidence of the surgeon during the intervention.
Vertebral Endplate Cavities with Titanium Cages in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Elfiky Tarek , El Mansy Yaser , Stienen Martin N. , Alabsi Abdelrahman Sa'ed , Nafady Mahmoud 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Vertebral endplate cavities (VECs) have been reported with the use of titanium (Ti) cages. Only few articles have recently demonstrated unfavorable radiographic changes in the form of cysts or cavities, which may predispose to nonunion.
Methods The aim was to assess the prevalence of VEC in posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) using Ti cages and to estimate their impact on fusion. The term “cavity” was used to describe the endplate changes. Computed tomography (CT) analysis of the VECs and fusion status following PLIFs with Ti cages was conducted by two observers. VECs were assessed according to the size, multiplicity, location, and presence of sclerosis.
Results Forty-two consecutive patients with surgeries conducted on 52 levels were enrolled. There were 20 males and 22 females. The mean age was 43.6 ± 10.89 years. The mean follow-up was 20.85 ± 8.49 months. Definite union was seen in 48 levels (92.3%) by observer 1 and in 40 levels (76.9%) by observer 2. The strength of agreement was moderate. The presence of VEC was observed in 9 levels (17.3%) by observer 1 and in 12 levels (23.1%) by observer 2. The strength of agreement was moderate. The majority of VECs in the endplates were less than 5 mm. The strength of agreement was high. The strength of agreement for location and multiplicity were moderate. The VEC was significantly correlated with the fusion status.
Conclusions Our study confirmed that VECs were observed following Ti cage placement after PLIF procedures. They tend to be small and might be associated with nonunion. Furthermore, it reflected the limited inter-rater reliability of the assessment of both the fusion status and VEC morphology after Ti PLIF cage placement.
Standard Operating Procedures Ex Utero Intrapartum Therapy (EXIT)
Authors: Dadhwal Vatsla , Sahay Neha , Sharma K. Aparna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEXIT, or Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment, is a sophisticated technique designed to ensure a safe and effective transition for a fetus from the womb to the outside world while maintaining essential placental support. The applications of the EXIT approach are continually expanding and encompass various scenarios like facilitating airway access, conducting surgical resections, implementing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and aiding in the separation of conjoined twins.The method involves carefully planned delivery of fetus through hysterotomy, all the while keeping the uterus relaxed and ensuring placental assistance. This approach allows for the gradual establishment of neonatal cardiopulmonary stability in a controlled manner. The range of fetal interventions during the EXIT procedure is diverse, including tasks such as endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy, mass excision, removal of temporary tracheal devices, and ECMO.A pivotal factor in the success of an EXIT procedure is the formation of a highly skilled and collaborative multidisciplinary team. This team, equipped with broad expertise in fetal intervention, works seamlessly across the stages of pre-, intra-, and postpartum care, ensuring the best possible outcomes for the mother and the newborn.
The Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin Injections to the Extremities in the Pediatric Population with Severe Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sala Debra A. , del Rosario Eduardo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this review was to examine the effectiveness of botulinum toxin injections to the upper and lower extremities reported in studies of pediatric participants with severe cerebral palsy on improving ease of care, pain, and motor function. PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched using combinations of cerebral palsy and various types and abbreviations of botulinum toxin. Additionally, reference lists and citations of reviewed studies were searched. The results of 25 studies were reviewed: three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 22 nonrandomized studies of interventions involving only a botulinum toxin-treated group. Seven studies focused solely on the targeted population while the remainder included participants of a wider range of severity. Ease of care was generally reported as improved. The effect on pain was variable: postoperative pain was significantly reduced in one RCT but not in another; nonspecific pain was improved in some cases; and joint specific pain was decreased in one study. Motor function changes were the most frequently evaluated in the studies without a comparison group; however, only a few used standardized assessment tools, e.g., Gross Motor Function Measure, and found pre- to postinjection improvement. The described findings need to be viewed cautiously due to the low level of rigorousness of most of the reviewed studies.
Incompatibility of Lacrimal Syringing Test with Dacryoscintigraphy in Patients Undergoing Successful Dacryocystorhinostomy Surgery
Authors: Yazicioglu Titap , Sarı Elif , Kesim Selin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose The aim of our study was to evaluate the compatibility of lacrimal syringe test with dacryoscintigraphy (DSG) in the postoperative evaluation of external dacryocystorhinostomy (Ext-DCR) surgery.
Material and Methods Thirty eyes of 30 patients suffering from unilateral epiphora with discharge and showing complete obstruction on lacrimal irrigation test were included in the study. Patients with dysfunctional lacrimal pump function, revision surgery, partial obstruction, and ocular surface diseases were not included in the study.Verification of the nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) was achieved with dye disappearance test, Jones test 1 (JT 1), and JT 2. According to the type of obstruction seen on DSG, patients were classified into two groups: presac and postsac obstruction. Patients with complete obstruction detected in the lacrimal syringing and dynamic scintigraphy underwent Ext-DCR, and the results were evaluated.
Results Thirty patients, mean age 58.93 ± 12.11 years, all with unilateral NLDO were included in the study. All had grade 5 Munk score epiphora and discharge. The mean duration of obstruction was 24.57 ± 10.65 months. In the lacrimal irrigation test, all patients had complete obstruction in one eye, while the other eye was normal. According to preoperative DSG results, there were 20 (66.7%) patients with presac delay and 10 (33.3%) patients with postsac delay. All patients underwent Ext-DCR with silicone tube intubation and were followed for 1 year. Although there was symptomatic improvement in all patients and the lacrimal syringing test was patent, no change was seen in scintigraphy.
Conclusion Although DSG is a sensitive nuclear medicine method, it is not useful for predicting the functional success of the Ext-DSR.
Medial Sural Artery Islanded Pedicled Perforator Flap for Resurfacing Areas in the Popliteal Fossa Following Postburn Contracture Release Using Normal versus Scar Tissue
Authors: Giri Sanjay Kumar , Suba Santanu , Bandyopadhyay Ahana , Sahu R. K. , Kanungo Aparna , Minz Reena 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap is reliable in resurfacing defects of the popliteal fossa. There is possibility of resurfacing the popliteal fossa defects after postburn contracture release with scarred MSAP flaps with good overall long-term outcomes.
Materials and Methods A study was conducted from June 2017 to July 2023 to evaluate the functional and surgical scar aesthetic outcome in patients with soft-tissue defects in the popliteal fossa after postburn contracture release that were reconstructed using scarred and unscarred MSAP flap with 10 patients in each group.
Results The clinical outcome was assessed in terms of the perioperative and late postoperative complications, range of motion of the knee joint along with surgical scar outcome using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). The functional results in the scar tissue flap group were comparable with those in the normal tissue flap group, but the aesthetic outcome of surgical scar was found to be better in the normal tissue flap group.
Conclusion The MSAP flap provides ideal tissue for soft-tissue reconstruction with minimal donor site morbidity for popliteal fossa defects after postburn contracture release in both the scarred and unscarred flap groups.
Assessment and Prognostic Resources for Gross Motor Development in a Child with Cerebral Palsy Related to Congenital Zika Syndrome
Authors: Ventura Paloma A. , Carvalho Alessandra L. de , Nascimento-Carvalho Cristiana M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article describes how the Gross Motor Ability Estimator (GMAE) software can provide important information based on the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-66 score of a child with congenital Zika syndrome.A child was assessed at 9, 17, and 25 months of age through the GMFM-66. At 2 years, the child's gross motor ability was estimated and classified according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS).At 2 years of age, the child in this case required assistance to roll and was unable to maintain antigravity trunk posture in sitting position, typical abilities of GMFCS level V.GMAE can be useful to guide health professionals that care for children with lifelong physical and developmental care needs. This is the first study that demonstrated how to use the GMAE in this specific population.
Pancreatic Arteriovenous Malformation Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Treatment with Transarterial Embolization—A Case Report
Authors: Vignesh S. , K.V Abdulla , K.P Haris , Vasudevan Satheesh , Balan Athulya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPancreatic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a rare entity among visceral AVMs and less common cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a case of pancreatic AVM in a 45-year-old man who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and duodenal ulcers, and was hemodynamically unstable. Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed multiple dilated arterial channels in the head region of the pancreas, arising from the gastroduodenal artery, with early filling of the portal vein, suggestive of an AVM. Transarterial embolization was performed by selectively embolizing the arterial feeders using poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) particles. Postembolization, obliteration of the AVM was seen. On follow-up 2 months later, the patient was clinically stable.
Active chiral flows in the separating wall during cell division
Authors: Ganguly Vijit , Chatterjee Mainak , Sain Anirban 
Published: August 2024

Material flow in the actomyosin cortex of a cell, during cell division, has been found to be chiral in nature. It has been attributed to active chiral torques generated in the actomyosin cortex. Here, we explore the possible signature of such chirality during the growth of the intra-cellular membrane partition, which physically divides the cell into two compartments. We use standard hydrodynamic theory of active gel to predict possible chiral flow structures in the growing partition. While the flows in the growing annular-shaped membrane partition is believed to be radial, it can also develop non-zero azimuthal velocity components (rotation) due to chirality. We show that the direction of rotation (clock or anti-clockwise) will not solely be decided by the sign of the active chiral torque but also by the relative strengths of rotational viscosity and flow coupling parameter.
Equation of state for boron nitride along the principal Hugoniot to 16 Mbar
Authors: Zhang Huan , Yang Yutong , Yang Weimin , Guan Zanyang , Duan Xiaoxi , Yang Mengsheng , Liu Yonggang , Shen Jingxiang , Batani Katarzyna , Singappuli Diluka , Lan Ke , Li Yongsheng , Huo Wenyi , Liu Hao , Li Yulong , Yang Dong , Li Sanwei , Wang Zhebin , Yang Jiamin , Zhao Zongqing , Zhang Weiyan , Sun Liang , Kang Wei , Batani Dimitri 
Published: August 2024

The thermodynamic properties of boron nitride under extreme pressures and temperatures are of great interest and importance for materials science and inertial confinement fusion physics, but they are poorly understood owing to the challenges of performing experiments and realizing ab initio calculations. Here, we report the first shock Hugoniot data on hexagonal boron nitride at pressures of 5–16 Mbar, using hohlraum-driven shock waves at the SGIII-p laser facility in China. Our density functional theory molecular dynamics calculations closely match experimental data, validating the equations of state for modeling the shock response of boron nitride and filling a crucial gap in the knowledge of boron nitride properties in the region of multi-Mbar pressures and eV temperatures. The results presented here provide fundamental insights into boron nitride under the extreme conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion, hydrogen–boron fusion, and high-energy-density physics.
Estimate of force noise from electrostatic patch potentials in LISA Pathfinder
Authors: Vitale S , Ferroni V , Sala L , Weber W J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper discusses force noise in LISA and LISA Pathfinder arising from the interaction of patch potentials on the test mass and surrounding electrode housing surfaces with their own temporal fluctuations. We aim to estimate the contribution of this phenomenon to the force noise detected in LISA Pathfinder in excess of the background from Brownian motion. We introduce a model that approximates the interacting test mass and housing surfaces as concentric spheres, treating patch potentials as isotropic stochastic Gaussian processes on the surface of these spheres. We find that a scenario of patches due to surface contamination, with diffusion driven density fluctuations, could indeed produce force noise with the observed frequency f
−2 dependence. However, there is not enough experimental evidence, neither from LISA Pathfinder itself, nor from other experiments, to predict the amplitude of such a noise, which could range from completely negligible to explaining the entire noise excess. We briefly discuss several measures to ensure that this noise is sufficiently small in LISA.
Analysis of the monotonicity method for an anisotropic scatterer with a conductive boundary
Authors: Harris Isaac , Hughes Victor , Lee Heejin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the inverse scattering problem associated with an anisotropic medium with a conductive boundary. We will assume that the corresponding far–field pattern is known/measured and we consider two inverse problems. First, we show that the far–field data uniquely determines the boundary coefficient. Next, since it is known that anisotropic coefficients are not uniquely determined by this data we will develop a qualitative method to recover the scatterer. To this end, we study the so–called monotonicity method applied to this inverse shape problem. This method has recently been applied to some inverse scattering problems but this is the first time it has been applied to an anisotropic scatterer. This method allows one to recover the scatterer by considering the eigenvalues of an operator associated with the far–field operator. We present some simple numerical reconstructions to illustrate our theory in two dimensions. For our reconstructions, we need to compute the adjoint of the Herglotz wave function as an operator mapping into H
1 of a small ball.
Recent advances in the mechanism, properties, and applications of hafnia ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Authors: Lim Eunjin , Kim Dahye , Park Jongmin , Koo Minsuk , Kim Sungjun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The increasing demand of information and communication technology has pushed conventional computing paradigm to its limit. In addition, physical and technological factors have constrained the advancement of conventional memory devices. Considering the rapid back-and-forth transfer of a large amount of information, emerging memory should demonstrate space efficiency, fast speed, and low-cost requirements. Accordingly, ferroelectric films based on HfO
x
are being intensively researched owing to their high energy efficiency and compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor. Particularly, owing to the simplicity of their structure, low power, and less variation, hafnia-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) stand out among ferroelectric memories. Numerous studies have demonstrated the improved ferroelectricity of FTJs using various engineering methods, including doping, annealing, and varying electrodes. To improve the properties of HfO
x
-based FTJs and enhance their applications, it is necessary to organize and discuss recent studies and prospects. Therefore, this paper reviews in-depth and comprehensive studies on FTJs and their advantages compared to other emerging devices. Additionally, in-memory computing applications, outlook, and challenges of hafnia-based FTJs are presented.
Electrochemical studies and diffusion kinetics in the Chevrel phase (Mo6S8) for rechargeable Mg batteries
Authors: Gupta Gazal , Gupta Raghvendra , Gupta Amit , Kumar Deepak 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Based on its availability, cost and stability, rechargeable Mg batteries (RMBs) are potential candidates to fulfill the futuristic demand for high energy density storage devices. However, they are minimally explored due to sluggish Mg ion diffusion in cathode materials. Literature suggests that the Chevrel phase (CP) (Mo6S8) holds promise as a cathode (positive electrode) for RMBs due to its open structure and self-healing properties during cycling. This study reports the electrochemical performance of Mo6S8 (synthesized using cost effective precursors (Cu–Mo–MoS2)) as a cathode for RMBs for the first time. The development of Mo6S8 is a two-step process: (i) synthesis of Cu2Mo6S8 via high energy milling method using Cu, Mo and MoS2 as precursors and (ii) leaching of Cu from Cu2Mo6S8. The morphological and structural characteristics of the developed materials are recorded using x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The developed Mo6S8 is cuboid-shaped with a rhombohedral unit cell. To record the electrochemical performance of Mo6S8 as a positive electrode for rechargeable Mg batteries (RMBs), CR2016 type half-cells are fabricated. It is observed that the initial discharge capacity was 89 mA h g−1 at a current density of 25 mA g−1 (1C = 128 mA g−1). Interestingly, the capacity increases from 89 to ≈100 mA h g−1 during 50 cycles which is higher than reported in the literature. The coulombic efficiency (CE) of ≈90% is observed for 100 cycles. Additionally, the over-potential decreases with an increase in cycle number. Importantly, the authors explained the diffusion behavior of Mg ions in Mo6S8 with 0.4 M 2(PhMgCl)-AlCl3/THF (APC) electrolyte via cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT) technique. The diffusion coefficients have been calculated and fall in the range of 10−8−10−14 cm2 s−1. Also, the authors explain the effect of outer site activation during cycling on the diffusion kinetics of the materials using the GITT technique. This investigation of diffusion kinetics of Mg ions in Mo6S8 may pave the way for evaluating various CPs as electrode materials for future rechargeable magnesium battery systems.
Advancing high thermal conductivity: novel theories, innovative materials, and applications in thermal management technologies
Authors: Ouyang Yulou , Zhang Zhongwei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Effective thermal management is crucial for the performance and stability of modern electronics, emphasizing the demand for high thermal conductivity (

κ

). This review summarizes the latest development in high

κ

, discussing the emerging theories, innovative materials and practical applications for interfacial heat dissipation. Unique phononic thermal transport behaviors are discussed, including four phonon–phonon scattering, hydrodynamic phonons, surface phonon-polaritons, and more. The review also highlights innovative materials with high

κ

, such as two-dimensional pentagonal structures, boron carbon nitrogen structures, hexagonal boron arsenide and θ-phase tantalum nitride. In addition, the potential of polymer composites reinforced with high

κ

fillers and surface engineering for advanced electronic applications are also discussed. By integrating these theoretical approaches and material innovations, this review offers comprehensive strategies for enhancing thermal management in modern electronic devices.