bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel High‐Energy Hybrid Supercapacitor with an Anatase TiO2–Reduced Graphene Oxide Anode and an Activated Carbon Cathode
Authors: Kim Haegyeom , Cho Min‐Young , Kim Mok‐Hwa , Park Kyu‐Young , Gwon Hyeokjo , Lee Yunsung , Roh Kwang Chul , Kang Kisuk 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA hybrid supercapacitor with high energy and power densities is reported. It comprises a composite anode of anatase TiO2 and reduced graphene oxide and an activated carbon cathode in a non‐aqueous electrolyte. While intercalation compounds can provide high energy typically at the expense of power, the anatase TiO2 nanoparticles are able to sustain both high energy and power in the hybrid supercapacitor. At a voltage range from 1.0 to 3.0 V, 42 W h kg−1 of energy is achieved at 800 W kg−1. Even at a 4‐s charge/discharge rate, an energy density as high as 8.9 W h kg−1 can be retained. The high energy and power of this hybrid supercapacitor bridges the gap between conventional batteries with high energy and low power and supercapacitors with high power and low energy.
Heat integration of a tetrahydrofuran recovery system to save energy
Authors: Li Yan‐Peng , Liu Zhi‐Yong 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBased on an existing pressure‐swing distillation process for tetrahydrofuran recovery, heat integration system is investigated in which the condenser of the high‐pressure column is integrated with the reboiler of the low‐pressure column. Rigorous simulations for the base case and the retrofitted one are carried out with the commercial software aspen plus. Simulation results show that the integrated structure is feasible, and the energy consumption is reduced by 33.31% compared with the base case. Meanwhile, the product purity is increased in the integrated structure. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endothelial Injury in a Transforming Growth Factor β–Dependent Mouse Model of Scleroderma Induces Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Derrett‐Smith Emma C. , Dooley Audrey , Gilbane Adrian J. , Trinder Sarah L. , Khan Korsa , Baliga Reshma , Holmes Alan M. , Hobbs Adrian J. , Abraham David , Denton Christopher P. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo delineate the constitutive pulmonary vascular phenotype of the TβRIIΔk‐fib mouse model of scleroderma, and to selectively induce pulmonary endothelial cell injury using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition to develop a model with features characteristic of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).MethodsThe TβRIIΔk‐fib mouse strain expresses a kinase‐deficient transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor type II driven by a fibroblast‐specific promoter, leading to ligand‐dependent up‐regulation of TGFβ signaling, and replicates key fibrotic features of scleroderma. Structural, biochemical, and functional assessments of pulmonary vessels, including in vivo hemodynamic studies, were performed before and following VEGF inhibition, which induced pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis. These assessments included biochemical analysis of the TGFβ and VEGF signaling axes in tissue sections and explanted smooth muscle cells.ResultsIn the TβRIIΔk‐fib mouse strain, a constitutive pulmonary vasculopathy with medial thickening, a perivascular proliferating chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate, and mildly elevated pulmonary artery pressure resembled the well‐described chronic hypoxia model of pulmonary hypertension. Following administration of SU5416, the pulmonary vascular phenotype was more florid, with pulmonary arteriolar luminal obliteration by apoptosis‐resistant proliferating endothelial cells. These changes resulted in right ventricular hypertrophy, confirming hemodynamically significant PAH. Altered expression of TGFβ and VEGF ligand and receptor was consistent with a scleroderma phenotype.ConclusionIn this study, we replicated key features of systemic sclerosis–related PAH in a mouse model. Our results suggest that pulmonary endothelial cell injury in a genetically susceptible mouse strain triggers this complication and support the underlying role of functional interplay between TGFβ and VEGF, which provides insight into the pathogenesis of this disease.
The Marriage of Peripherally Metallated and Directly Linked Porphyrins: Bromidobis(phosphine)platinum(II) as a Cation‐Stabilizing Substituent on Directly Linked and Fused Triply Linked Diporphyrins
Authors: Hartnell Regan D. , Yoneda Tomoki , Mori Hirotaka , Osuka Atsuhiro , Arnold Dennis P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA meso‐bromidoplatiniobis(triphenylphosphine) η1‐organometallic porphyrin monomer was prepared by the oxidative addition of meso‐bromoZnDPP (DPP=dianion of 5,15‐diphenylporphyrin) to a platinum(0) species. The meso–meso directly linked dimeric porphyrin (5) was prepared from this monomer by silver(I)‐promoted oxidative coupling and planarized to give a triply linked dizinc(II) porphyrin dimer (8). Acidic demetallation of 8 afforded the bis(free base) 9. Dimer 5 was demetallated then remetallated with nickel(II) to give the dinickel(II) analogue 10, the X‐ray crystal structure of which showed a twisted molecule with ruffled, orthogonal NiDPP rings, terminated by square‐planar trans‐[Pt(PPh3)2Br] units. New compounds were fully characterized spectroscopically, and the fused diporphyrin exhibited a broad, low‐energy, near‐IR electronic absorption band near 1100 nm. Electrochemical measurements of this series indicate that the organometallic fragment is a strong electron donor towards the porphyrin ring. The triply linked organometallic diporphyrin has a substantially lowered first one‐electron oxidation potential (−0.35 V versus the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple (Fc/Fc+)) and a narrow HOMO–LUMO gap of 0.96 V. Solutions prepared for NMR spectroscopy slowly decompose with degradation of the signals, which is attributed to partial oxidation to the cation radical. This paramagnetic species can be reduced in situ by hydrazine to restore the NMR spectrum to its former appearance. The combined influence of the two [Pt(PPh3)2Br] electron‐donating substituents is sufficient to make dimer 5 too aerobically unstable to allow further elaboration.
A predictive biomarker for altered 5‐fluorouracil pharmacokinetics following repeated administration in a rat model of colorectal cancer
Authors: Kobuchi Shinji , Kuwano Shota , Imoto Kazuki , Okada Kae , Nishimura Asako , Ito Yukako , Shibata Nobuhito , Takada Kanji 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe relationship between the plasma ratio of dihydrouracil/uracil (UH2/Ura) and hepatic dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity after repeated 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) treatment in rats with colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated. Repeated intravenous 5‐FU bolus injections resulted in a significant decrease in the total clearance (CLtot) and an increased area under the curve (AUC0‐∞) in CRC rats. Furthermore, the hepatic DPD levels and the plasma ratio of UH2/Ura decreased significantly and lost their circadian rhythms in CRC rats treated repeatedly with 5‐FU, although significant circadian variation in the two parameters was observed in the control CRC rats. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the plasma ratio of UH2/Ura and hepatic DPD activity in CRC rats untreated and treated with single or repeated 5‐FU administration (r2 = 0.865, p < 0.01). The ratio of UH2/Ura in plasma could be a predictive biomarker of the suppression of hepatic DPD levels during repeated 5‐FU‐based treatment. Furthermore, by plotting the observed pharmacokinetic parameters of 5‐FU against hepatic DPD activity levels predicted by the ratio of UH2/Ura in plasma, AUC0‐∞, CLtot and half‐life (t1/2) were closely linked to predicted hepatic DPD activity levels. These observations suggest that the factor that significantly influences the AUC0‐∞, CLtot and t1/2 of 5‐FU after single or repeated administration of 5‐FU is the hepatic DPD activity and it could be assessed by the ratio of UH2/Ura in plasma. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of tranexamic acid on surgical blood loss
Authors: Ker K , Prieto-Merino D , Roberts I 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces blood transfusion in surgery but the extent of the reduction in blood loss and how it relates to the dose of TXA is unclear.

Methods
A systematic review of randomized trials was performed. Data were extracted on blood loss from trials comparing intravenous TXA with no TXA or placebo in surgical patients. A Bayesian linear regression was used to describe the relationship between the reduction in blood loss with TXA and the extent of bleeding as measured by the mean blood loss in the control group. A meta-analysis of the log-transformed data was conducted to quantify the effect of TXA on blood loss, stratified by type of surgery, timing of TXA administration and trial quality. Meta-regression was used to explore the effect of TXA dosage.

Results
Data from 104 trials were examined. Although the absolute reduction in blood loss with TXA increased as surgical bleeding increased, the percentage reduction was similar. TXA reduced blood loss by 34 per cent (pooled ratio 0·66, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·65 to 0·67; P &lt; 0·001). The percentage reduction in blood loss with TXA differed by type of surgery, timing of TXA administration and trial quality, but the differences were small. The effect of TXA on blood loss did not vary over the range of doses assessed (5·5–300 mg/kg).

Conclusion
TXA reduces blood loss in surgical patients by about one-third. A total dose of 1 g appears to be sufficient for most adults. There is no evidence to support the use of high doses.
Differential roles of astrocyte and microglia in supporting oligodendrocyte development and myelination in vitro
Authors: Pang Yi , Fan Lir‐Wan , Tien Lu‐Tai , Dai XueMei , Zheng Baoying , Cai Zhengwei , Lin Rick C. S. , Bhatt Abhay 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOligodendrocyte (OL) development relies on many extracellular cues, most of which are secreted cytokines from neighboring neural cells. Although it is generally accepted that both astrocytes and microglia are beneficial for OL development, there is a lack of understanding regarding whether astrocytes and microglia play similar or distinct roles. The current study examined the effects of astrocytes and microglia on OL developmental phenotypes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and myelination in vitro. Our data reveal that, although both astrocytes‐ and microglia‐conditioned medium (ACDM and MCDM, respectively) protect OL progenitor cells (OPCs) against growth factor withdrawal‐induced apoptosis, ACDM is significantly more effective than MCDM in supporting long‐term OL survival. In contrast, MCDM preferentially promotes OL differentiation and myelination. These differential effects of ACDM and MCDM on OL development are highlighted by distinct pattern of cytokine/growth factors in the conditioned medium, which correlates with differentially activated intracellular signaling pathways in OPCs upon exposure to the conditioned medium.
Dual‐space ray casting for height field rendering
Authors: Luo Jianxin , Hu Guyu , Ni Guiqiang 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a realistic ray casting model on a curved surface. Guided by the model, we derive an analytical solution for spherical surfaces and propose a mathematical model by solving one problem in two spaces. By using the solution, we introduce a novel framework for spherical height field rendering. We have successfully implemented a spherical height field rendering framework on the graphics processing unit and obtained real‐time rendering rates with screen error below 1 pixel. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chirality in Distorted Square Planar Pd(O,N)2 Compounds
Authors: Brunner Henri , Bodensteiner Michael , Tsuno Takashi 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTSalicylidenimine palladium(II) complexes trans‐Pd(O,N)2 adopt step and bowl arrangements. A stereochemical analysis subdivides 52 compounds into 41 step and 11 bowl types. Step complexes with chiral N‐substituents and all the bowl complexes induce chiral distortions in the square planar system, resulting in Δ/Λ configuration of the Pd(O,N)2 unit. In complexes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 with enantiomerically pure N‐substituents ligand chirality entails a specific square chirality and only one diastereomer assembles in the lattice. Dimeric Pd(O,N)2 complexes with bridging N‐substituents in trans‐arrangement are inherently chiral. For dimers 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 different chirality patterns for the Pd(O,N)2 square are observed. The crystals contain racemates of enantiomers. In complex 12 two independent molecules form a tight pair. The (RC) configuration of the ligand induces the same Δ chirality in the Pd(O,N)2 units of both molecules with varying square chirality due to the different crystallographic location of the independent molecules. In complexes 13 and 14 atrop isomerism induces specific configurations in the Pd(O,N)2 bowl systems. The square chirality is largest for complex 15 [(Diop)Rh(PPh3)Cl)], a catalyst for enantioselective hydrogenation. In the lattice of 15 two diastereomers with the same (RC,RC) configuration in the ligand Diop but opposite Δ and Λ square configurations co‐crystallize, a rare phenomenon in stereochemistry. Chirality 25:663–667, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis with equivocal cytology: Fluorescence in situ hybridization and serum CA 19‐9 predict risk of malignancy
Authors: Barr Fritcher Emily G. , Voss Jesse S. , Jenkins Sarah M. , Lingineni Ravi K. , Clayton Amy C. , Roberts Lewis R. , Halling Kevin C. , Talwalkar Jayant A. , Gores Gregory J. , Kipp Benjamin R. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDPatients diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and dominant strictures often undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with brush cytology to exclude or confirm the development of malignancy. Equivocal (atypical or suspicious) routine cytologic results may confound patient management decisions, especially in the absence of a mass on imaging. The objective of the current study was to identify independent predictors of malignancy in patients with PSC with an equivocal cytology diagnosis.METHODSPatients with PSC underwent brush cytology for routine cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) during endoscopy as per standard care. FISH slides were classified as polysomy if at least 5 cells displayed a gain of ≥ 2 probes. A retrospective search identified 102 patients without a mass lesion noted on initial imaging studies, an equivocal routine cytology, and ≥ 2 years of follow‐up.RESULTSOf 102 patients, 30 (29%) with an equivocal cytology result developed cancer within 2 years. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9) levels ≥ 129 U/mL (hazard ratio [HR] 3.19; P = .001) and polysomy (HR 8.70; P < .001) were each found to be predictive of cancer. Of 10 patients who had elevated CA 19‐9 levels and polysomy, all went on to develop cancer (9 within 2 years). Although only 10 patients were included in this subset, the combination of elevated CA 19‐9 and polysomy was found to be predictive of cancer (HR 10.92; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSPolysomy by FISH identified those patients most likely to have or develop malignancy in the challenging clinical scenario of PSC with no mass at baseline and equivocal cytology. The combination of an elevated serum CA 19‐9 level with polysomy is highly suspicious for the presence of malignancy. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:708–717. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Diagnostic error assessment and associated harm of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas
Authors: Hooper Kari , Mukhtar Faisal , Li Shaoying , Eltoum Isam A. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDOver the past decade, the standardization of error classification in anatomic pathology has become an important issue. The objective of the current study was to assess the extent of errors occurring in the cytopathologic diagnosis of neuroendocrine lesions of the pancreas, and to classify these errors and their associated harm.METHODSInformation on all cases diagnosed as a neuroendocrine neoplasm either by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) in cytology or by surgical pathology between 2000 and 2012 was collected. Using standardized error and harm classification, the authors reviewed the cytology and surgical pathology material and evaluated the type and the cause of diagnostic errors and their impact on the patient.RESULTSA total of 177 patients who underwent EUS‐FNA were diagnosed with a neuroendocrine neoplasm either by cytology or surgical pathology. Eighty of these cases had surgical follow‐up available at the study institution. Of these 80 cases, 56 had an adequate cell block and immunohistochemistry was performed. There were 14 discrepancies noted between cytologic and surgical pathologic diagnoses. There were 9 false‐negative cases, consisting of 3 interpretation errors and 6 cytology sampling errors. There were 5 misclassifications, including 4 cases of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm and 1 case of neuroendocrine carcinoma (diagnosed as adenocarcinoma on cytology). There were no surgical pathology errors noted. All errors were associated with no or minor harm.CONCLUSIONSEUS‐FNA of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms has excellent diagnostic performance, with no false‐positive diagnoses reported. When an adequate sample is obtained, the most significant error is misclassification, which is most often associated with solid pseudopapillary neoplasm. The harm associated with diagnostic errors is at most minor. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:653–60. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Utilizing Ancillary Ligands to Optimize the Photophysical Properties of 4H‐Imidazole Ruthenium Dyes
Authors: Wächtler Maria , Maiuri Margherita , Brida Daniele , Popp Jürgen , Rau Sven , Cerullo Giulio , Dietzek Benjamin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCorrelations between structural features and photophysical properties offer the possibility to design dyes with tailor‐made properties. In this respect, the photophysical properties of a series of 4H‐imidazole (4H‐im) ruthenium dyes with varying chemical and electronic structures of the complex fragments [(tpy)Ru(4H‐im)X] {tpy=4,4′,4′′‐tri‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine; X=Cl−, NCS−} and [(bpy)2 Ru(4H‐im)]+ {bpy=4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine} were investigated. Variation of the π‐donor/acceptor properties of the ancillary ligands offers the possibility to tune the relative energies of the d donor and π* acceptor orbitals of 4H‐im, which results in a shift in the Ru→4H‐im 1MLCT (MLCT=metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer) absorption band in the visible range. Further, the energies of the excited states and also the interactions and mixing of the metal d orbital with the π* 4H‐im orbital are sensitive to the chemical and electronic structures of the complex fragment. This causes subtle changes in the photoinduced processes; for example, the rate of the interim population of a planarized state increases with increasing/decreasing π‐acceptor/donor character of the ancillary ligand. Although ground‐state repopulation in the tpy species follows the energy‐gap law, local symmetry‐related effects have to be considered to account for the very short lifetime of the excitation in the bpy complex. Additionally, the ultrafast intramolecular relaxation processes leading from the initially excited states to the relaxed triplet states localized on the 4H‐im ligand (internal conversion, internal vibrational energy redistribution, intersystem crossing) depend on the nature of the complex fragment. The high excitation‐wavelength‐dependent rate for the population of the relaxed triplet states in the bpy complex points to additional interligand electron‐transfer contributions upon excitation into the higher lying Ru→bpy 1MLCT states.
Synthesis, Characterization, X‐ray Structure, DNA Cleavage, and Cytotoxic Activities of Palladium(II) Complexes of 4‐Phenyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazide and Triphenylphosphane
Authors: Rocha Fillipe Vieira , Barra Carolina Valério , Mauro Antonio Eduardo , Carlos Iracilda Z. , Nauton Lionel , El Ghozzi Malika , Gautier Arnaud , Morel Laurent , Netto Adelino Vieira Godoy 
Published: July 2013

AbstractComplexes of the type [PdX(PPh3)(1)]X [1 = 4‐phenyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazide; X = Cl– (2), Br– (3), I– (4), and SCN– (5)] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and IR, UV/Vis, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of complex 4 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The binding of the complexes with a purine base (guanosine) was investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, which showed the complexes to coordinate to guanosine through N7. A gel electrophoresis assay demonstrated the ability of 2–5 to cleave DNA plasmid. All the complexes were tested in vitro by means of the MTT assay for their cytotoxicity against two murine cell lines, LM3 (mammary adenocarcinoma) and LP07 (lung adenocarcinoma), and compared with cisplatin. Complexes 2–5 exhibited good cytotoxicity that surpasses that of cisplatin in the case of LM3.
Bubble stripping in closed system to remove residual methanol from crude biodiesel
Authors: Yamane Tsuneo , Achiha Ryosuke , Namioka Tomoaki , Yukumoto Masao 
Published: July 2013

SummaryA novel, simple, compact, efficient system based on a unit operation of bubble stripping was developed for intensive methanol (MeOH) removal from crude biodiesel (BDF) which was synthesized by potassium hydroxide‐catalyzed transesterification reaction of triacylglycerol (TAG) with MeOH. As TAG both rapeseed oil and used cooking oil were tested. In the system, gas was supplied by a gas pump through a gas bubbler into the crude biodiesel, then the exit gas containing MeOH vapor passed through a condenser (0°C) and the condensed MeOH was collected in a vessel. MeOH‐free gas from the condenser returned into the inlet of the gas pump, thus gas was circulated in a closed system. After the intensive MeOH removal by the bubble stripping, insoluble sediment always appeared in the biodiesel so that it was removed by centrifugation. As a final step, trace amounts of potassium (K) and free glycerol were removed by adsorbent treatment. MeOH, K, free glycerol, fatty acid methyl ester, and water contents, acid, and iodine values and oxidation stability of the purified biodiesel cleared the specifications of EN 14214 Standard. The proposed dry process consisting of the three steps will be applicable to an industrial production of high‐quality biodiesel.Practical applications: Bubble stripping that has been developed in this study is simple but very effective to remove almost completely residual methanol from the crude biodiesel. Compared with the conventional wet process, the dry process that authors' have proposed has no necessity of washing water, hence no waste water treatment. Elimination of sediment after the intensive residual MeOH removal by the bubble stripping before the final adsorption step will make it possible to decrease significantly the amount of the adsorbent (kg) required per kg of the crude biodiesel or to prolong the life span of its packed bed column, resulting in the cost reduction of the biodiesel production. The proposed dry process consisting of the three steps will be applicable to an industrial production of high‐quality biodiesel.