bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human and environmental health risks and benefits associated with use of urban stormwater
Authors: Jiang Sunny C. , Lim Keah‐Ying , Huang Xiao , McCarthy David , Hamilton Andrew J. 
Published: September 2015

For stormwater harvesting to achieve its full potential in mitigating water scarcity problems and restoring stream health, it is necessary to evaluate the human and environmental health risks and benefits associated with it. Stormwater harbors large amounts of pollutants and has traditionally been viewed as a leading cause of water‐quality degradation of receiving waters. Harvesting stormwater for household use raises questions of human exposure to pollutants, especially human pathogens, which have the potential to cause large‐scale disease outbreaks. These issues are compounded by uncertainties relating to the performance of stormwater treatment technologies in pathogen removal. Quantitative microbial risk assessment provides an objective risk estimate based on scientific data and the best assumptions, which can be used to educate and instil confidence in stakeholders of the practice. Although limited, human health risk studies have positively supported the use of minimally treated rainwater and stormwater for some non‐potable applications. In addition to the well‐known benefit of preserving the stream hydrology and ecology, wetlands used for harvesting stormwater can also provide new habitats for wildlife that benefit environmental health. A fundamental change from viewing stormwater as waste to resource requires the coordinated efforts in research, education, and effective communication. WIREs Water 2015, 2:683–699. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1107This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
Promoting Positive Future Expectations During Adolescence: The Role of Assets
Authors: Stoddard Sarah A. , Pierce Jennifer 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPositive future expectations can facilitate optimal development and contribute to healthier outcomes for youth. Researchers suggest that internal resources and community‐level factors may influence adolescent future expectations, yet little is known about the processes through which these benefits are conferred. The present study examined the relationship between contribution to community, neighborhood collective efficacy, purpose, hope and future expectations, and tested a mediation model that linked contribution to community and collective efficacy with future expectations through purpose and hope in a sample of 7th grade youth (N = 196; Mage = 12.39; 60 % female; 40 % African American; 71 % economically disadvantaged). Greater collective efficacy and contribution to community predicted higher levels of hope and purpose. Higher levels of hope and purpose predicted more positive future expectations. Contribution to community and neighborhood collective efficacy indirectly predicted future expectations via hope. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Growth responses of five desert plants as influenced by biological soil crusts from a temperate desert, China
Authors: Zhang Yuanming , Belnap Jayne 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn almost all dryland systems, biological soil crusts (biocrusts) coexist alongside herbaceous and woody vegetation, creating landscape mosaics of vegetated and biocrusted patches. Results from past studies on the interaction between biocrusts and vascular plants have been contradictory. In the Gurbantunggut desert, a large temperate desert in northwestern China, well‐developed lichen‐dominated crusts dominate the areas at the base and between the sand dunes. We examined the influence of these lichen‐dominated biocrusts on the germination, growth, biomass accumulation, and elemental content of five common plants in this desert: two shrubs (Haloxylon persicum, Ephedra distachya) and three herbaceous plants (Ceratocarpus arenarius, Malcolmia africana and Lappula semiglabra) under greenhouse conditions. The influence of biocrusts on seed germination was species‐specific. Biocrusts did not affect percent germination in plants with smooth seeds, but inhibited germination of seeds with appendages that reduced or eliminated contact with the soil surface or prevented seeds from slipping into soil cracks. Once seeds had germinated, biocrusts had different influences on growth of shrub and herbaceous plants. The presence of biocrusts increased concentrations of nitrogen but did not affect phosphorus or potassium in tissue of all tested species, while the uptake of the other tested nutrients was species‐specific. Our study showed that biocrusts can serve as a biological filter during seed germination and also can influence growth and elemental uptake. Therefore, they may be an important trigger for determining desert plant diversity and community composition in deserts.
The Effect of Type of Oil and Degree of Degradation on Glycidyl Esters Content During the Frying of French Fries
Authors: Aniołowska Magda , Kita Agnieszka 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of oil degradation on the content of glycidyl esters (GEs) in oils used for the frying of French fries. As frying media, refined oils such as rapeseed, palm, palm olein and blend were used. French fries were fried for 40 h in oils heated to 180 °C in 30‐min cycles. After every 8 h of frying, fresh oil and samples were analyzed for acid and anisidine values, color, refractive index, fatty acid composition, and content and composition of the polar fraction. GEs were determined by LC–MS. Hydrolysis and polymerization occurred most intensively in palm olein, while oxidation was reported for rapeseed oil. The degradation of oil caused increased changes in the RI of frying oils. Losses of mono‐ and polyunsaturated fatty acids were observed in all samples, with the largest share in blend. The highest content of GE found in fresh oil was in palm olein (25 mg kg−1) and the lowest content of GE was found in rapeseed oil (0.8 mg kg−1). The palm oil, palm olein and blend were dominated by GEs of palmitic and oleic acids, while rapeseed oil was dominated by GE of oleic acid. With increasing frying time, the content of GEs decreased with losses from 47 % in rapeseed oil to 78 % in palm oil after finishing frying.
Vaginal Progesterone in Asymptomatic Women with Short Cervical Length on Ultrasound: is it Beneficial?
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Sharan Suman , Sen Jyotsna 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of vaginal progesterone in asymptomatic women with a sonographic short cervix (≤25 mm) at 18–24 weeks of gestation in reducing the risk of preterm birth. It was a prospective observational study carried out on 60 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic in tertiary health institute between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation with ultrasonographically-measured short cervix. The women with cervical length ≤25 mm were alternately divided into two groups of 30 each. Group I was given 200 mg vaginal micronized progesterone capsules and Group II was managed expectantly. Primary outcome was measured as spontaneous birth before 34 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcome was birth at <32 weeks, <37 weeks and the neonatal outcome. The demographic profile of women in both the groups was similar. The rate of spontaneous delivery before 34 and 37 weeks of gestation was significantly less in the progesterone group (3 vs 20 %; p = 0.044, 6.6 vs 26.7 %; p = 0.038). There was no difference in birth weight <2500 g and Apgar score <7 at 5 min in neonates of both the groups. Progesterone was associated with a significant reduction in composite neonatal morbidity (6.7 vs 33.3 %; p = 0.020). There were no serious adverse events associated with the use of progesterone. Thus, in a woman with short cervical length, vaginal progesterone significantly lowers the preterm birth rate and composite neonatal morbidity.
SATURATED FREE ALGEBRAS REVISITED
Authors: PILLAY ANAND , SKLINOS RIZOS 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe give an exposition of results of Baldwin–Shelah [2] on saturated free algebras, at the level of generality of complete first order theoriesTwith a saturated modelMwhich is in the algebraic closure of an indiscernible set. We then make some new observations whenM isa saturated free algebra, analogous to (more difficult) results for the free group, such as a description of forking.
Latent class analysis of diagnostic tests for adenovirus,Bordetella pertussisand influenza virus infections in German adults with longer lasting coughs
Authors: SOBOTZKI C. , RIFFELMANN M. , KENNERKNECHT N. , HÜLSSE C. , LITTMANN M. , WHITE A. , VON KRIES R. , WIRSING VON KÖNIG C. H. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYLaboratory tests in adult outpatients with longer lasting coughs to identify a potential causal pathogen are rarely performed, and there is no gold standard for these diagnostic tests. While the diagnostic validity of serological tests for pertussis is well established their potential contribution for diagnosing adenovirus and influenza virus A and B infections is unclear. A sentinel study into the population-based incidence of longer lasting coughs in adults was done in Rostock (former East Germany) and Krefeld (former West Germany). A total of 971 outpatients who consulted general practitioners or internists were included. Inclusion criteria were coughing for ⩾1 week and no chronic respiratory diseases. We evaluated the performance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as IgG and IgA serology, applying a latent class model for diagnosing infections with adenovirus,B. pertussis, and influenza virus A and B. The adult outpatients first sought medical attention when they had been coughing for a median of 3 weeks. In this situation, direct detection of infectious agents by PCR had a low sensitivity. Modelling showed that additional serological tests equally improved sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis for adenovirus,B. pertussisand influenza virus A and B infections. The combination of serology and PCR may improve the overall performance of diagnostic tests forB. pertussisand also foradenovirus, and influenza virus A and B infections.
Metatranscriptomic insights into polyphosphate metabolism in marine sediments
Authors: Jones Daniel S , Flood Beverly E , Bailey Jake V 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Microorganisms can influence inorganic phosphate (Pi) in pore waters, and thus the saturation state of phosphatic minerals, by accumulating and hydrolyzing intracellular polyphosphate (poly-P). Here we used comparative metatranscriptomics to explore microbial poly-P utilization in marine sediments. Sulfidic marine sediments from methane seeps near Barbados and from the Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) oxygen minimum zone were incubated under oxic and anoxic sulfidic conditions. Pi was sequestered under oxic conditions and liberated under anoxic conditions. Transcripts homologous to poly-P kinase type 2 (ppk2) were 6–22 × more abundant in metatranscriptomes from the anoxic incubations, suggesting that reversible poly-P degradation by Ppk2 may be an important metabolic response to anoxia by marine microorganisms. Overall, diverse taxa differentially expressed homologues of genes for poly-P degradation (ppk2 and exopolyphosphatase) under different incubation conditions. Sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms appeared to preferentially express genes for poly-P degradation under anoxic conditions, which may impact phosphorus cycling in a wide range of oxygen-depleted marine settings.
Atomic-like spin noise in solid-state demonstrated with manganese in cadmium telluride
Authors: Cronenberger S. , Scalbert D. , Ferrand D. , Boukari H. , Cibert J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSpin noise spectroscopy is an optical technique which can probe spin resonances non-perturbatively. First applied to atomic vapours, it revealed detailed information about nuclear magnetism and the hyperfine interaction. In solids, this approach has been limited to carriers in semiconductor heterostructures. Here we show that atomic-like spin fluctuations of Mn ions diluted in CdTe (bulk and quantum wells) can be detected through the Kerr rotation associated to excitonic transitions. Zeeman transitions within and between hyperfine multiplets are clearly observed in zero and small magnetic fields and reveal the local symmetry because of crystal field and strain. The linewidths of these resonances are close to the dipolar limit. The sensitivity is high enough to open the way towards the detection of a few spins in systems where the decoherence due to nuclear spins can be suppressed by isotopic enrichment, and towards spin resonance microscopy with important applications in biology and materials science.
The seasonal sea-ice zone in the glacial Southern Ocean as a carbon sink
Authors: Abelmann Andrea , Gersonde Rainer , Knorr Gregor , Zhang Xu , Chapligin Bernhard , Maier Edith , Esper Oliver , Friedrichsen Hans , Lohmann Gerrit , Meyer Hanno , Tiedemann Ralf 
Published: September 2015

AbstractReduced surface–deep ocean exchange and enhanced nutrient consumption by phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean have been linked to lower glacial atmospheric CO2. However, identification of the biological and physical conditions involved and the related processes remains incomplete. Here we specify Southern Ocean surface–subsurface contrasts using a new tool, the combined oxygen and silicon isotope measurement of diatom and radiolarian opal, in combination with numerical simulations. Our data do not indicate a permanent glacial halocline related to melt water from icebergs. Corroborated by numerical simulations, we find that glacial surface stratification was variable and linked to seasonal sea-ice changes. During glacial spring–summer, the mixed layer was relatively shallow, while deeper mixing occurred during fall–winter, allowing for surface-ocean refueling with nutrients from the deep reservoir, which was potentially richer in nutrients than today. This generated specific carbon and opal export regimes turning the glacial seasonal sea-ice zone into a carbon sink.
Spatial mapping of juxtacrine axo-glial interactions identifies novel molecules in peripheral myelination
Authors: Poitelon Y. , Bogni S. , Matafora V. , Della-Flora Nunes G. , Hurley E. , Ghidinelli M. , Katzenellenbogen B. S. , Taveggia C. , Silvestri N. , Bachi A. , Sannino A. , Wrabetz L. , Feltri M. L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCell–cell interactions promote juxtacrine signals in specific subcellular domains, which are difficult to capture in the complexity of the nervous system. For example, contact between axons and Schwann cells triggers signals required for radial sorting and myelination. Failure in this interaction causes dysmyelination and axonal degeneration. Despite its importance, few molecules at the axo-glial surface are known. To identify novel molecules in axo-glial interactions, we modified the ‘pseudopodia’ sub-fractionation system and isolated the projections that glia extend when they receive juxtacrine signals from axons. By proteomics we identified the signalling networks present at the glial-leading edge, and novel proteins, including members of the Prohibitin family. Glial-specific deletion of Prohibitin-2 in mice impairs axo-glial interactions and myelination. We thus validate a novel method to model morphogenesis and juxtacrine signalling, provide insights into the molecular organization of the axo-glial contact, and identify a novel class of molecules in myelination.
Structural basis for the inhibition of voltage-dependent K+ channel by gating modifier toxin
Authors: Ozawa Shin-ichiro , Kimura Tomomi , Nozaki Tomohiro , Harada Hitomi , Shimada Ichio , Osawa Masanori 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVoltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels play crucial roles in nerve and muscle action potentials. Voltage-sensing domains (VSDs) of Kv channels sense changes in the transmembrane potential, regulating the K+-permeability across the membrane. Gating modifier toxins, which have been used for the functional analyses of Kv channels, inhibit Kv channels by binding to VSD. However, the structural basis for the inhibition remains elusive. Here, fluorescence and NMR analyses of the interaction between VSD derived from KvAP channel and its gating modifier toxin, VSTx1, indicate that VSTx1 recognizes VSD under depolarized condition. We identified the VSD-binding residues of VSTx1 and their proximal residues of VSD by the cross-saturation (CS) and amino acid selective CS experiments, which enabled to build a docking model of the complex. These results provide structural basis for the specific binding and inhibition of Kv channels by gating modifier toxins.
LINGO-1 antibody ameliorates myelin impairment and spatial memory deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice
Authors: Sun Jun-Jun , Ren Qing-Guo , Xu Lin , Zhang Zhi-Jun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMore than 50% of multiple sclerosis patients develop cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and there is no effective treatment. LINGO-1 (LRR and Ig domain containing NOGO receptor interacting protein 1) has been identified as an inhibitor of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, we assessed cognitive function at early and late stages of EAE, determined brain expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and investigated whether the LINGO-1 antibody could restore deficits in learning and memory and ameliorate any loss of MBP. We found that deficits in learning and memory occurred in late EAE and identified decreased expression of MBP in the parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and fimbria-fornix. Moreover, the LINGO-1 antibody significantly improved learning and memory in EAE and partially restored MBP in PHC. Furthermore, the LINGO-1 antibody activated the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway regulating myelin growth. Our results suggest that demyelination in the PHC and fimbria-fornix might contribute to cognitive deficits and the LINGO-1 antibody could ameliorate these deficits by promoting myelin growth in the PHC. Our research demonstrates that LINGO-1 antagonism may be an effective approach to the treatment of the cognitive impairment of multiple sclerosis patients.
Envelope solitary waves exist and collide head-on without phase shift in a dusty plasma
Authors: Zhang Heng , Qi Xin , Duan Wen-Shan , Yang Lei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe rarefactive KdV solitary waves in a dusty plasma have been extensively studied analytically and found experimentally in the previous works. Though the envelope solitary wave described by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) has been proposed by using the reductive perturbation method, it is first verified by using the particle-in-cell (PIC) numerical method in this paper. Surprisingly, there is no phase shift after the head on collision between two envelope solitary waves, while it is sure that there are phase shifts of two colliding KdV solitary waves after head on collision.
RACK1 antagonizes TNF-α-induced cell death by promoting p38 activation
Authors: Wang Qingyang , Zhou Silei , Wang Jing-Yang , Cao Junxia , Zhang Xueying , Wang Jing , Han Kun , Cheng Qianqian , Qiu Guihua , Zhao Yawei , Li Xinying , Qiao Chunxia , Li Yan , Hou Chunmei , Zhang Jiyan 
Published: September 2015

Abstractp38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity has been reported to either promote or suppress cell death, which depends on cell type and stimulus. Our previous report indicates that p38 exerts a protective role in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced cell death in L929 fibroblastoma cells. However, key molecules regulating p38 activation remain unclear. Here, we show that ectopic expression of scaffold protein receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) suppressed TNF-α-induced cell death in L929 cells, which was associated with enhanced p38 activation. Knockdown of endogenous RACK1 expression exhibited opposite effects. The protective role of RACK1 in TNF-α-induced cell death diminished upon blockade of p38 activation. Therefore, RACK1 antagonizes TNF-α-induced cell death through, at least partially, augmenting p38 activation. Further exploration revealed that RACK1 directly bound to MKK3/6 and enhanced the kinase activity of MKK3/6 without affecting MKK3/6 phosphorylation. Similar effects of RACK1 were also observed in primary murine hepatocytes, another cell type sensitive to TNF-α-induced cell death. Taken together, our data suggest that RACK1 is a key factor involved in p38 activation as well as TNF-α-induced cell death.
Influence of Test Condition on Speech Perception With Electric-Acoustic Stimulation
Authors: Dillon Margaret T. , Buss Emily , Adunka Oliver F. , Buchman Craig A. , Pillsbury Harold C. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe goal of this work was to better understand speech perception for cochlear implant (CI) users with bilateral residual hearing, including consideration of effects related to listening conditions and test measures. Of interest was the role of acoustic hearing for speech perception in a complex background, the role of listening experience for CI-alone conditions, and whether performance with electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) was improved by a contralateral hearing aid (HA).MethodEleven subjects provided data on Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC; Peterson & Lehiste, 1962) words in quiet, City University of New York (CUNY; Boothroyd, Hanin, & Hnath, 1985) sentences in steady noise, and Bamford-Kowal-Bench (Bench, Kowal, & Bamford, 1979) sentences in multitalker babble. Listening conditions included: CI with a full-frequency map, CI with a truncated-frequency map, EAS, and EAS+HA (EAS plus contralateral HA). Sounds were presented at 0° azimuth.ResultsFor CNC words and CUNY sentences, performance was better with the truncated-frequency than the full-frequency map, and performance with EAS was better than for either CI-alone condition. For Bench-Kowal-Bamford sentences, EAS+HA was better than EAS.ConclusionsAs demonstrated previously, performance was better in the EAS condition than either CI-alone condition. Better performance in the truncated-frequency than full-frequency CI-alone condition suggests that listening experience may be important. A contralateral HA improved performance over unilateral EAS under some conditions.
A Randomized Trial of 12-Week Interventions for the Treatment of Developmental Phonological Disorder in Francophone Children
Authors: Rvachew Susan , Brosseau-Lapré Françoise 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
This study was designed to test the relative efficacy of different combinations of intervention approaches when targeting speech production accuracy and phonological awareness skills. All children received individual speech therapy, a home program, and a small-group phonological awareness intervention.

Method
Sixty-five 4-year-olds with a developmental phonological disorder received these intervention components in different combinations over 12 weeks, resulting in 4 groups: output-oriented individual intervention and articulation practice home program, output-oriented individual intervention and dialogic reading home program, input-oriented individual intervention and articulation practice home program, and input-oriented individual intervention and dialogic reading home program.

Results
A significant interaction of the individual treatment condition and the home program condition was observed for 2 outcome measures: targeted feature match (which reflected changes in speech production accuracy for features and word shape structures that were targeted in therapy) and explicit phonological awareness skills.

Conclusion
In this context, in which the children received a brief period of direct therapy and a home program component provided sequentially, the most effective strategy was to teach the parents to use treatment procedures at home that were congruent with the direct therapy component.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170246