bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Obesity in Primary Care
Authors: Simkin‐Silverman Laurey R. , Wing Rena R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSIMKIN‐SILVERMAN, LAUREY R, RENA R WING. Management of obesity in primary care.Obesity is one of the most common presenting chronic medical conditions in primary care, yet it is not adequately treated. Physicians are often reluctant to counsel patients because of their limited training in treating chronic weight problems and negative attitudes toward obese patients. This study evaluated the feasibility of training physicians to provide weight control counseling to their patients. Eleven physicians were randomly assigned to either an obesity‐counseling skills training group or to a control group. Physicians in the counseling skills group received training in behavioral and motivational weight control techniques using a five‐step patient‐centered model; they were also given patient materials for use in their practice. To evaluate pretraining to posttraining changes in physician counseling behavior, independent samples of patients with obesity were surveyed immediately after their visit to the physician's office. Physicians in both the counseling skills training and the control groups discussed weight with 42% to 47% of their patients at baseline. This increased to 89% in physicians who received training, whereas it remained at 42% in control physicians. Scores on a counseling measure also significantly increased from a mean of 2. 7 to 9. 9 in the counseling group, whereas scores in the control group remained low and stable (2. 3 and 1. 9, respectively). The training program was effective in improving the frequency and quality of counseling that physicians delivered to their patients with obesity. Future research is needed to evaluate the effect of physician counseling on the weight and physical activity level of their patients.
Do Children Eat What They Say? Validity of Intended Food Choices Among Native American School Children
Authors: Toporoff Elanah G. , French Simone A. , Story Mary , Himes John H. , Snyder M. Patricia , DuBray Maxine , Rock Bonnie Holy , Hunsberger Sally 
Published: September 2012

Objective. To examine the agreement between school children's intended food choices and observed food choices.Design. Native American students in the second through fifth grade completed a questionnaire that asked them to select from 10 paired food choices for a given meal or snack. Three weeks later students chose among foods identical to those on the questionnaire as part of their usual school lunch or breakfast over three consecutive days; afternoon snacks were also offered.Results. Agreement between students' intended food choices and observed food choices was examined across 10 food pairs. The composite K coefficient between intended and observed food choices was 0.09 (95% confidence interval 0.06, 0.12), indicating virtually no agreement above that expected by chance. There were no differences in agreement by sex or grade.Conclusions. Intended food choices were not significantly associated with observed food choices. It is unclear whether intended food choices reflect nutrition knowledge, socially desirable responses, food preferences, or some other dimension of eating behavior. Although responsive to school‐based nutrition interventions, the interpretation of changes in intended food choices must be clarified in future research.
The Rat Corpulent (cp) Mutation Maps to the Same Interval on (Pgm1‐Glut1) Rat Chromosome 5 as the Fatty (fa) Mutation
Authors: Kahle E. Bowie , Butz Kenneth G. , Chua Streamson C. , Kershaw Erin E. , Leibel Rudolph L. , Fenger Terry W. , Hansen Carl T. , Michaelis Otho E. 
Published: September 2012

The autosomal recessive obesity mutations fatty (fa) and corpulent (cp) arose in separate rat strains, 13M and Koletsky, respectively. By complementation analysis, the two mutations appear to be in the same gene. The somewhat different phenotypes of fa/fa and cp/cp animals probably reflect the fact that the mutations are segregating on different rat strains. The fa mutation has been mapped to the interval between Pgm1 and Glut1 on rat Chr 5, but cp has not been mapped genetically. We mapped cp in 30 obese progeny of a LA/N‐BN cp/+ intercross using microsatellite markers for these flanking genes. Cp maps to the same genetic interval as rat fa and mouse db. Cp is flanked by Glut1 and Pgm1:Pgm1——–cp——–Glut1map distance (cM) 1.67 6.67Thus, cp and fa map to the same ∼8 cM interval of the rat genome. In conjunction with the complementation studies alluded to above, these findings indicate that cp and fa are mutations in the same gene (Lepr).
Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences in Concern with Weight and in Bulimic Behaviors Among Adolescents
Authors: Field Alison E. , Colditz Graham A. , Peterson Karen E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFIELD, ALISON E, GRAHAM A COLDITZ, KAREN E PETERSON. Racial/ethnic and gender differences in concern with weight and in bulimic behaviors among adolescents.This study examined cross‐sectional gender and racial/ethnic differences in bulimic behaviors among adolescents. Subjects were 704 male and 621 female students at a large urban public high school in the Northeast. Approximately 61% of the girls and 43% of the boys reported trying to lose weight or maintain their current weight; 2.0% of the students reported using laxatives or vomiting to control their weight. The use of these behaviors to control weight was only slightly more common among girls than boys (2.7% vs. 1.4%,p=0.1). Although more black than white girls used laxatives or vomiting to control weight (odds ratio [OR]=11.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–95.3), there were no racial/ethnic differences in these behaviors among boys. However, Hispanic boys were twice as likely as white boys to binge eat at least monthly (OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.6). Our results suggest that bulimic behaviors affect male and female adolescents from a variety of racial/ethnic backgrounds. In addition, in contrast to the large gender differences in the prevalence of dieting and binge eating, more modest differences were documented in the prevalence of using vomiting and laxatives to control weight.
Psychological Effects of Weight Cycling in Obese Persons: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Foster Gary D. , Sarwer David B. , Wadden Thomas A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFOSTER, GARY D, DAVID B SARWER, THOMAS A WADDEN. Psychological effects of weight cycling in obese persons: A review and research agenda.This review summarizes studies on the psychological effects of weight cycling (i.e., weight loss and regain) in obese persons and proposes an agenda for future research on this topic. Among general psychological constructs, the current literature suggests that weight cycling is not associated with depression, other psychopathology, or depressogenic cognitive styles. Weight cycling is associated with decreased perceptions of health and well‐being, although the clinical significance of this relationship is uncertain. Among weight‐ and eating‐related constructs, weight cycling does not appear to be related to restraint, hunger, or personality traits associated with eating disorders. Weight cycling, however, does appear to be associated with clinically significant reductions in eating self‐efficacy and weak but consistent increases in binge eating severity. Definitive conclusions about the presence or absence of the psychological consequences of weight cycling are premature, given the small number of studies, as well as a variety of methodological and interpretive concerns. A new generation of research is necessary to determine the extent and nature of the psychological sequelae of weight cycling.
Obesity, Social Class, and Mental Illness
Authors: Moore Mary E. , Stunkard Albert , Philadelphia  , Srole Leo , Brooklyn  
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe relationship between obesity and mental health was investigated, using data obtained from 1,660 persons selected as representative of 110,000 inhabitants of a residential area of New York City. In addition to confirming the previously noted relationship between obesity and age, preliminary analysis revealed a striking relationship between obesity and socioeconomic status of origin. The prevalence of obesity was 7 times higher among women reared in the lowest social class category as compared with those reared in the highest category. Scores made by the obese respondents on 9 mental health indices were compared with scores made by individuals of average weight. The obese respondents made more pathological scores on 8 of the 9 measures and on 3 of these the difference was statistically significant (“immaturity,” “rigidity,” and “suspiciousness”).
Original Articles Sibutramine Reduces Food Intake in Non‐Dieting Women with Obesity
Authors: Rolls Barbara J. , Shide David J. , Thorwart Michelle L. , Ulbrecht Jan S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSibutramine (SIB), an inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake, has been shown in clinical trials to be associated with a dose‐related decrease in bodyweight. This double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, Latin square crossover study examined whether the effect on bodyweight could be due in part to a reduction in daily food intake. Twelve non‐dieting, women with obesity (body mass index of 30.5 to 41.9) received three treatments (0 [matching placebo], 10, or 30 mg SIB/day) for 14 days, with 14‐day washout periods in between. On days 7 and 14, participants came to the laboratory to eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner so that daily energy and macronutrient intakes and ratings of hunger and satiety could be measured. Significant reductions occurred in food intake (both grams and energy) over the 14‐day study period. On day 7, SIB 30 reduced intake significantly by 1762 kJ (23% reduction from placebo), and on day 14, both SIB 10 and SIB 30 significantly reduced intake compared with placebo (SIB 10, 19% reduction [1490 kJ]; SIB 30,26% reduction [2079 HI). On day 7, the percentage of energy consumed from carbohydrate increased significantly with the 30‐mg dose (56.7 %) compared with that of placebo (51.4%), with a reciprocal decrease in energy from fat (27.8% to 24%). The results show that SIB reduced energy intake in women with obesity who were not attempting to lose weight.
Body Anthropometry and the Risk of Hip and Wrist Fractures in Men: Results from a Prospective Study
Authors: Owusu William , Willett Walter , Ascherio Alberto , Spiegelman Donna , Rimm Eric , Feskanich Diane , Colditz Graham 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAvailable epidemiological information on the associations between body anthropometry and the incidence of fractures in men is limited. We therefore prospectively investigated the association between body anthropometry and the incidence of hip and wrist fractures from low and moderate trauma among 43,053 men who were 40 years to 75 years of age in 1986 when they first enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study. After 8 years of follow‐up, 201 wrist fracture cases and 56 hip fracture cases were reported. Greater height was associated with significant elevations in both hip and wrist fractures, whereas nonsignificant inverse associations were observed with weight and body mass index. Men in the highest quintile of waist circumference had a relative risk (RR) of 2.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64 to 10.3) for hip fracture and 2.05 (95% CI 1.06 to 3.96) for wrist fracture when compared with men in the lowest quintile. Waist‐to‐hip ratio was also positively related to fracture incidence; comparing highest with lowest quintile, the RRs were 3.92 (95% CI 1.07 to 14.3) for hip fracture and 1.50 (95% CI 0.85 to 2.66) for wrist fracture. These anthropometric indicators, in particular waist‐to‐hip ratio, may be useful for the prediction of hip fracture in adult men.
Effects of Sibutramine on Resting Metabolic Rate and Weight Loss in Overweight Women
Authors: Seagle Helen M. , Bessesen Dan H. , Hill James O. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSibutramine, a monoamine re‐uptake inhibitor, has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a weight loss agent. Sibutramine lowers body‐weight in rodents by reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure. Sibutramine facilitates weight loss in human subjects, but it is not clear whether it acts on energy intake, energy expenditure, or both. The present study was a randomized clinical trial designed to assess the effects of sibutramine (at 10 or 30 mg/day) on body weight and resting metabolic rate (RMR). Forty‐four overweight women were randomized to 1) placebo (n=15); 2) sibutramine at 10 mg/day (n=15) or, 3) sibutramine at 30 mg/day (n=14). All subjects were instructed to consume a 1200 kcal/day diet for 8 weeks while receiving drug or placebo. RMR was assessed by indirect calorimetry at baseline, at 3 hours after the first dose of drug (or placebo), and at the end of the 8‐week weight‐loss period. Sibutramine reduced body weight‐relative to placebo, but there was no difference between weight loss on the two sibutramine doses. No significant differences in RMR between sibutramine and placebo were seen, either 3‐hour post dose or after the 8‐week weight‐loss period. After the weight loss period, all groups were taken off medication and kept weight stable for another 4 weeks. RMR was measured again and was not different among groups. That there was no change in RMR when sibutramine was stopped further suggests that the drug does not directly affect RMR. In summary, while sibutramine was shown to be an effective weightloss agent over 8 weeks, we found no evidence that it increased RMR.
Relationship of Leptin Concentration to Gender, Menopause, Age, Diabetes, and Fat Mass in African Americans
Authors: Sumner Anne E. , Falkner Bonita , Kushner Harvey , Considinet Robert V. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis investigation was designed to determine the relationship of leptin concentration to gender, sex hormones, menopause, age, diabetes, and fat mass in African Americans. Participants included 101 African Americans, 38 men (mean age, 34. 2 ± 7. 4 years), 29 age‐matched premenopausal women (mean age, 32. 6 ± 3. 7 years), and 36 postmenopausal women (mean age, 57. 8 ± 5. 9 years). The women were not taking exogenous sex hormones, and 12 subjects were diabetic. Percent body fat was calculated with the Siri formula, fat mass (FM) was calculated as weight x percent body fat, and Fat‐free mass (FFM) was calculated as weight minus FM. Fasting plasma was assayed for leptin, estradiol, free testosterone, glucose, and insulin concentrations. The nondiabetics had an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The diabetics compared with the non‐diabetics had a higher central fat index (P=0. 04) but otherwise were similar to nondiabetics in all parameters measured. Body mass index, percent body fat, and FM were greater in women than men (p<0. 001). Leptin concentrations in men, premenopausal, and postmenopausal women were: 7. 51 ± 8. 5, 33. 9 ± 17. 3, 31. 4 ± 22. 3 ng/mL. Leptin/FM x 100 in the three groups were: 28. 9 ± 16. 1, 98. 65 ± 44. 9, 77. 1 ± 44. 5 ng/mL/kg. The gender difference in leptin concentration and leptin/FM was significant (p<0. 001), but the difference between premenopausal and postmenopausal women was not. In each group, weight, percent body fat, and FM were highly correlated with leptin concentration. Multiple regression analyses with leptin concentration as the dependent variable and age, diabetic status, percent body fat, weight, FM, FFM, estradiol, and free testosterone concentrations as independent variables demonstrated that the determinants of leptin concentration in men was weight only (R=0. 83,p<0. 001), in premenopausal women it was FM only (R=0. 57,P<0. 001), and in postmenopausal women it was weight only (R=0. 67, p<0. 001). With diabetics excluded, the multiple regression analysis was repeated with fasting insulin concentration and the area under the insulin curve during the OGTT included as independent variables. The results for this multiple regression analyses were the same as the first. Therefore, leptin concentration in African Americans is determined by gender and fat mass. Menopause, age, and diabetes do not affect leptin concentration.
The Effect of Glucose Concentration on Insulin‐Induced 3T3‐L1 Adipose Cell Differentiation
Authors: Gagnon Anne Marie , Sorisky Alexander 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe examined the effect of glucose concentration on insulin‐induced 3T3‐L1 adipose cell differentiation. Oil Red O staining of neutral lipid, cellular triglyceride mass, and glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, were greater in 3T3‐L1 cells cultured at 5 mM vs. 25 mM glucose. GPDH activity was 2‐ to 4‐fold higher at 5 mM vs. 25 mM glucose over a range of insulin concentrations (0. 1 to 100 nM). Insulin‐stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1) was 1. 7‐fold greater, and insulinstimulated phosphoinositide 3‐kinase association with IRS‐1 was 2. 3‐fold higher, at 5 mM vs. 25 mM glucose. These effects of glucose were not caused by alterations in IRS‐1 mass or cell‐surface insulin binding. In preadipose cells at 5 mM glucose, expression of the leukocyte antigen‐related (LAR) protein tyrosine phosphatase (negative regulator of insulin signaling) was 63% of the level at 25 mM glucose. Our data demonstrate that glucose concentration affects insulin‐induced 3T3‐L1 adipose cell differentiation as well as differentiation‐directed insulin signaling pathways. Alterations in LAR expression potentially may be involved in modulating these responses.
Beliefs About Weight Gain and Attitudes Toward Relapse in a Sample of Women and Men with Obesity
Authors: Cachelin Fary M. , Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. , Brownell Kelly D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to examine beliefs regarding reasons for weight gain, likely responses to weight loss relapse, notions of reasonable weight loss, and correlations between beliefs and attitudes in a large nonclinical sample of men and women with obesity.Research Methods and Procedures: Participants were 3,394 white women (n= 1,674) and men (n = 1,720) with obesity who had responded to a survey about body image and eating behaviors conducted by Consumer Reports magazine.Results: Women and men indicated that the most important reasons for their weight gain were lack of exercise and enjoying eating; the least important reason was a need to avoid social or sexual situations. Both groups reported that their most likely response to relapse is to start watching food intake, whereas their least likely response is to ask a friend, spouse, or family member for help. Women rated depression, stress, low self‐esteem, and need to avoid situations as more important reasons for their weight gain than did men, and women were more likely to feel terrible and regain as a response to relapse. There was no relationship between an individual's beliefs about weight gain, responses to relapse, or notions of reasonable weight loss.Discussion: Implications of these findings for the treatment of obesity are discussed.
A Comparison of Sibutramine and Dexfenfluramine in the Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Hanotin Corinne , Thomas Florence , Jones Stephen P. , Leutenegger Eric , Drouin Pierre 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective: Because long‐term weight reduction is often unsuccessful with dietary restriction alone, pharmacological agents have been used to promote weight loss. We have compared the novel (multiple monoamine neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitor) antiobesity drug sibutramine (10 mg once daily) with the extensively studied serotonin‐releasing antiobesity agent dexfenfluramine (15 mg twice daily).Research Methods and Procedures: 226 healthy outpatients (aged 18 to 65 years; body mass index ≥27 kg/m2) were included in a 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind, parallel group study. The main outcome measures were changes in weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumference and ratio, and safety profiles.Results: Mean (±SEM) absolute weight loss was 4.5 ± 0.4 kg in the sibutramine group (n = 112) and 3.2 ± 0.3 kg in the dexfenfluramine group (n=112) (endpoint analysis); 4.7 ± 0.4 kg in the sibutramine group (n=101); and 3.6 ± 0.3 kg in the dexfenfluramine group (n = 94) (completers analysis). Comparing the two treatments under the conventional null hypothesis of equality as a secondary analysis, weight loss at endpoint in patients receiving sibutramine was significantly greater than that achieved with dexfenfluramine (p<0.05). Both drugs had similar adverse events profiles: 174 patients (77%) experienced adverse events; 17 patients withdrew due to adverse events (sibutramine, n = 6; dexfenfluramine, n = 11). Pulse rate increased significantly in sibutramine‐treated patients (3.6 bpm), but decreased in dexfenfluramine‐treated patients (‐0.9 bpm).Discussion: Sibutramine (10 mg once daily) is at least as effective as dexfenfluramine (15 mg twice daily) in achieving weight loss in patients with obesity.
What Do We Most Need to Learn about Food Intake Regulation?
Authors: Flatt J.P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMany mechanisms are known to contribute to the regulation of food intake. This notwithstanding, variations in food intake from day to day and deviations from daily energy balance are substantial and very readily tolerated. Yet, despite this very loose short‐term adjustment of food intake to energy expenditure, most adults maintain stable body compositions during long periods of their lives. This is particularly puzzling when it occurs in the face of an ubiquitous supply of appealing foods and under circumstances that, in many ways, promote food consumption. Thus, the question arises as to why people in affluent societies eat substantially less on most days, than the amounts that they can so readily consume on high‐intake days? In addition to conscious decisions, physiological phenomena restraining food consumption must be presumed to play an important role in limiting weight. But what are the phenomena that cause spontaneous reduction in food intake after a few days of overeating? Our ignorance about the nature and impact of these effects stands in the way of a better understanding of body weight regulation and of the factors responsible for the induction and maintenance of obesity.