bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Distribution of Larval Fishes of the Charleston Gyre Region off the Southeastern United States in Winter Shaped by Mesoscale, Cyclonic Eddies
Authors: Govoni J. J. , Hare J. A. , Davenport E. D. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Serial, cyclonic, mesoscale eddies arise just north of the Charleston Bump, a topographical rise on the continental slope and Blake Plateau, and characterize the U.S. outer shelf and upper slope in the region of the Charleston Gyre. This region was transected during the winters of 2000, 2001, and 2002, and hydrographic data and larval fishes were collected. The hydrodynamics of the cyclonic eddies of the Charleston Gyre shape the distribution of larval fishes by mixing larvae from the outer continental shelf and the Gulf Stream and entraining them into the eddy circulation at the peripheral margins, the wrap-around filaments. Over all years and transects (those that intercepted eddies and those that did not), chlorophyll a concentrations, zooplankton displacement volumes, and larval fish concentrations were positively correlated. Chlorophyll a concentrations were highest in filaments that wrapped around eddies, and zooplankton displacement volumes were highest in the continental shelf–Gulf Stream–frontal mix. Overall, the concentration of all larval fishes declined from inshore to offshore with highest concentrations occurring over the outer shelf. Collections produced larvae from 91 fish families representing continental shelf and oceanic species. The larvae of shelf-spawned fishes—Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, Round Herring Etrumeus teres, Spot Leiostomus xanthurus, and Atlantic Croaker Micropogonias undulatus—were most concentrated over the outer shelf and in the continental shelf–Gulf Stream–frontal mix. The larvae of ocean-spawned fishes—lanternfishes, bristlemouths, and lightfishes—were more evenly dispersed in low concentrations across the outer shelf and upper slope, the highest typically in the Gulf Stream and Sargasso Sea, except for lightfishes that were highest in the continental shelf–Gulf Stream–frontal mix. Detrended correspondence analysis rendered groups of larval fishes that corresponded with a gradient between the continental shelf and Gulf Stream and Sargasso Sea. Eddies propagate northeastward with a residence time on the outer shelf and upper slope of ∼1 month, the same duration as the larval period of most fishes. The pelagic habitat afforded by eddies and fronts of the Charleston Gyre region can be exploited as nursery areas for feeding and growth of larval fishes within the southeastern Atlantic continental shelf ecosystem of the U.S. Eddies, and the nursery habitat they provide, translocate larvae northeastward.
Received March 18, 2013; accepted June 21, 2013
Understanding Smolt Survival Trends in Sockeye Salmon
Authors: Irvine James R. , Akenhead Scott A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Many populations of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the eastern North Pacific Ocean experienced significant productivity declines that began about 1990, but there is no consensus on the mechanisms responsible. To better understand Sockeye Salmon survival trends, we examined the 50-year time series for two age-classes of Sockeye Salmon smolts from Chilko Lake in central British Columbia. Arranging survival time series for both age-classes by ocean entry year and combining them, weighted by a proxy model of sampling variance, reduced the sampling variance in the original age-1 smolt survivals sufficiently to indicate a linear trend of increasing survival from 1960 to 1990 that suddenly changed at or near 1991 to a lower and declining trend from 1992 to 2008. Neither density nor mean length influenced smolt survival. Returns in a given year were not good predictors of siblings returning in subsequent years. Time spent at sea increased linearly beginning around 1970. Although smolt survivals differed between ecosystem regimes, there was only the one clear pattern break about 1991. To improve our understanding of mechanisms, survival trends were compared with environmental indices that included catches and hatchery releases of potentially competing salmon from around the North Pacific Ocean. Smolt survivals were more similar to abundance indices of Sockeye Salmon, Chum Salmon O. keta, and Pink Salmon O. gorbuscha than to indices of global, regional, or local ocean climate. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that salmon productivity in the North Pacific declined soon after 1990. We present a simple model to illustrate how increased competition at sea, related to the release of large numbers of hatchery salmon, in conjunction with changes in ocean productivity, may have played a significant role in improving Sockeye Salmon survivals while reducing their growth before 1991. After 1991, these factors may have acted to reduce survivals while the growth of survivors showed no effect.
Received February 8, 2013; accepted July 24, 2013
First Report of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) in Barbados
Authors: McGroary P. C. , Cisar J. L. , Giblin-Davis R. M. , Ruiz O. F. , Nangle E. J. 
Published: January 2014

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a warm-season perennial turfgrass commonly used for golf courses that are grown in saline environments or using saline water for irrigation. However, seashore paspalum is also grown in non-saline conditions due to its low fertilizer and water requirements (2). In Barbados, on a newly constructed golf course, seashore paspalum ‘Sea Isle Supreme’ sprigs were imported from Georgia (United States) and were planted over 2006 and 2007 on greens, tees, fairways, and rough. Golf greens were constructed following the United States Golf Association Green Section (Far Hills, NJ) putting green guidelines. Tees and fairways were constructed using native soil. Two years after the grow-in, the putting greens began to exhibit irregular chlorotic patches, followed by gradual thinning and decline of turfgrass stand density in those areas. Additionally, turfgrass roots sampled from those symptomatic patches appeared to be abbreviated compared to non-symptomatic areas of the greens. A survey was conducted in May 2013 to determine if plant-parasitic nematodes were present coinciding with the observed symptoms, which were similar to those described in a previous report (3). Consequently, two samples were collected from each green with a total of four greens sampled. Each sample consisted of 20 soil cores (15 cm depth × 1.2 cm in diameter) from either areas of the greens showing symptoms or from non-symptomatic areas. Nematodes were extracted from 100 cm3 soil samples using a modified centrifugal-sugar flotation technique (4). No plant parasitic nematodes were present in any of the samples from the non-symptomatic areas. Three genera of plant parasitic nematodes were found in all the samples from the symptomatic areas: Helicotylenchus. Mesocriconema, and Pratylenchus. Nematode populations of these genera averaged 30, 60, and 200 nematodes per 100 cm3, respectively. Populations of the genera Helicotylenchus and Mesocriconema were below the action threshold levels for seashore paspalum used by the University of Florida Nematode Assay Laboratory (1). Currently, no threshold exists for Pratylenchus for seashore paspalum. Conversely, the genera Helicotylenchus. Mesocriconema, and Pratylenchus were found associated with the irregular chlorotic patches but not with the non-symptomatic areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report of plant parasitic nematodes associated with seashore paspalum maintained as putting greens in Barbados. References: (1) W. T. Crow. Nematode management for golf courses in Florida. EDIS. Accessed 31 July 2013 from: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in124 , 2001. (2) R. R. Duncan and R. N. Carrow. Seashore Paspalum: The Environmental Turfgrass. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2000. (3) A. C. Hixson and W. T. Crow. Plant Dis. 88:680, 2004. (4) W. R. Jenkins. Plant Dis. Rep. 48:692, 1964.
Persistent High Levels of IgM Antiphospholipid Antibodies in a Patient with Recurrent Pregnancy Losses and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ota Kuniaki , Dambaeva Svetlana , Lee Jennifer , Gilman‐Sachs Alice , Beaman Kenneth , Kwak‐Kim Joanne 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveRecurrent pregnancy losses (RPL) and unexplained infertility (UI) are often associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA). We report one case with RPL, UI, and persistent IgM APA without B‐cell isotype switch.Method of study(i) A case report of a woman with RPL and UI who eventually developed rheumatoid arthritis and B‐cell phenotype study of the case and controls by flow cytometric analysis; (ii) a retrospective cohort study of 1067 subjects with APA test.ResultsA 44‐year‐old woman with a history of RPL and UI was revealed to have high levels of APA, primarily of IgM isotype: IgM autoantibodies were specific to cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol. The monitoring of the patient's serological characteristics for 28 months did not reveal the development of IgG APA. B‐cell phenotype analysis revealed decreased switched and double negative memory B cells and increased non‐switched memory B cells in comparison with normal controls and reported ranges.A retrospective analysis of APA test revealed that total five patients (5/1067, 0.47%) with similar persistent IgM‐only pattern were detected.ConclusionPersistent IgM APA without isotype switch may be a rare variant form of APA manifestation, which is associated with dysregulated B‐cell subsets.
The efficacy of peri‐operative interventions to decrease postoperative delirium in non‐cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis.
Authors: Moyce Z. , Rodseth R. N. , Biccard B. M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this meta‐analysis was to determine the efficacy of peri‐operative interventions in decreasing the incidence of postoperative delirium. An electronic search of four databases was conducted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were adhered to. We included randomised controlled trials of non‐cardiac surgery with a peri‐operative intervention and that reported postoperative delirium, and identified 29 trials. Meta‐analysis revealed that peri‐operative geriatric consultation (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.32–0.67) and lighter anaesthesia (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.27–5.56) were associated with a decreased incidence of postoperative delirium. For the other interventions, the point estimate suggested possible protection with prophylactic haloperidol (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.36–1.05), bright light therapy (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.03–1.19) and general as opposed to regional anaesthesia (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.47–1.23). This meta‐analysis has shown that peri‐operative geriatric consultations with multicomponent interventions and lighter anaesthesia are potentially effective in decreasing the incidence of postoperative delirium.
Early childhood malaria prevention and children's patterns of school leaving in the Gambia
Authors: Zuilkowski Stephanie S. , Jukes Matthew C. H. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundEarly childhood malaria is often fatal, but its impact on the development and education of survivors has not received much attention. Malaria impacts cognitive development in a number of ways that may impact later educational participation.AimsIn this study, we examine the long‐term educational effects of preventing early childhood malaria. Does intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) during early childhood reduce the risk of dropout? If so, does this effect vary by school type – government school versus madrassa?SampleWe use data from a 2001 follow‐up of a 1985–1987 malaria prevention randomized controlled trial in the Gambia. The sample consists of 562 youth born between 1981 and 1986.MethodsWe use discrete‐time survival analysis to identify the impact of the intervention on dropout risk over time.ResultsWe find that IPT has a positive impact on dropout for government school students, but not for madrassa attendees. The difference was striking: in government schools, the odds of dropout in the treatment group were one third of those in the control group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that preventing early childhood malaria may reduce dropout at a relatively low cost. In this intervention, the drugs cost less than one dollar per year per child. While IPT is no longer practised in many countries due to concerns over drug resistance, these results support the conclusion that any type of effective malaria control programme protecting young children, such as consistent and correct use of bed nets, could improve educational attainment in areas where malaria is prevalent.
Engineering the alternative oxidase gene to better understand and counteract mitochondrial defects: state of the art and perspectives
Authors: El‐Khoury Riyad , Kemppainen Kia K , Dufour Eric , Szibor Marten , Jacobs Howard T , Rustin Pierre 
Published: January 2014

Mitochondrial disorders are nowadays recognized as impinging on most areas of medicine. They include specific and widespread organ involvement, including both tissue degeneration and tumour formation. Despite the spectacular progresses made in the identification of their underlying molecular basis, effective therapy remains a distant goal. Our still rudimentary understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms by which these diseases arise constitutes an obstacle to developing any rational treatments. In this context, the idea of using a heterologous gene, encoding a supplemental oxidase otherwise absent from mammals, potentially bypassing the defective portion of the respiratory chain, was proposed more than 10 years ago. The recent progress made in the expression of the alternative oxidase in a wide range of biological systems and disease conditions reveals great potential benefit, considering the broad impact of mitochondrial diseases. This review addresses the state of the art and the perspectives that can be now envisaged by using this strategy.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Energy, Injury & Beyond. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐8
Increased CYP24A1 expression is associated with BRAFV600E mutation and advanced stages in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zou Minjing , BinHumaid Faisal S. , Alzahrani Ali S. , Baitei Essa Y. , Al‐Mohanna Futwan A. , Meyer Brian F. , Shi Yufei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjective1α, 25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol), the active form of vitamin D, has been shown to exert antiproliferative effects in many cancers. Overexpression of CYP24A1, the primary vitamin D‐inactivating enzyme, is also observed in a variety of human cancers, thus potentially neutralizing the antitumour effect of 1α, 25(OH)2D3. This study investigates the expression of CYP24A1 and the effect of BRAFV600E on its expression in thyroid cancer.MethodsWe investigated 60 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) specimens for CYP24A1 expression and its association with BRAF mutation and disease progression. CYP24A1 expression was measured by real‐time RT‐PCR, and BRAFV600E mutation was detected by PCR‐DNA sequencing analysis. The interaction between BRAFV600E and CYP24A1 expression was determined by Western blot analysis and real‐time RT‐PCR.ResultsCYP24A1 expression was increased in PTC as compared to benign multinodular goitre. The expression was further increased in stage III and IV tumours. There is a strong correlation between CYP24A1 overexpression and BRAFV600E mutation (P < 0·01). In thyroid cancer cell lines expressing BRAFV600E, CYP24A1 expression was significantly higher when compared to those without BRAFV600E expression. BRAFV600E transgene expression in CAL62 cell line can induce CYP24A1 expression. Furthermore, BRAFV600E inhibitor PLX4720 can significantly down‐regulate CYP24A1 expression and enhance the antiproliferative effects of calcitriol in thyroid cancer cell lines.ConclusionCYP24A1 overexpression is a poor prognostic indicator for PTC and may reflect BRAFV600E mutation and MARK activation. The crosstalk between vitamin D and MAPK signalling pathways results in resistance to calcitriol‐mediated antitumour effects, and the resistance can be reversed by BRAFV600E inhibitor PLX4720.
Phylogeny of harvestmen family Gonyleptidae inferred from a multilocus approach (Arachnida: Opiliones)
Authors: Pinto‐da‐Rocha Ricardo , Bragagnolo Cibele , Marques Fernando P. L. , Antunes Junior Manuel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGonyleptidae is the second most diverse harvestmen family and the most studied in terms of morphology, behaviour, and ecology. Despite this, few phylogenetic studies have focused on gonyleptids, and those are based on a very limited number of taxa. We addressed this gap by constructing a phylogenetic hypothesis of the family using 101 taxa from all 16 gonyleptid subfamilies and four mitochondrial and nuclear loci (COI, 28SrRNA, 12SrRNA, and 16SrRNA). These were analysed under parsimony and likelihood optimality criteria (and using direct optimization for the former). Relationships among Gonyleptoidea and within each subfamily of Gonyleptidae were largely congruent between parsimony and maximum‐likelihood approaches. Taxonomic actions from our phylogeny include the following: Tricommatidae, new status, is restored as a family; Metasarcidae, new status, is recognized as a family and considered sister to the Cosmetidae; and Cranainae and Manaosbiinae are suggested as members of Gonyleptidae, restoring Roewer's concept of the family. Within Gonyleptidae, the “K92” group—composed of Sodreaninae, Caelopyginae, Hernandariinae, Progonyleptoidellinae, and Gonyleptinae—forms a clade, although the latter two subfamilies are not monophyletic. The genusParampheresis here transferred to Caelopyginae, and “Multumbo”dimorphicusto Gonyleptinae. Gonyleptidae is characterized by the presence of a ventral process on the penis glans and a bifid apophysis on the male coxa IV. The long‐legged Mitobatinae can be considered monophyletic only if some short‐legged pachylines are included, or if we assume that elongate legs arose twice independently (in the true mitobatine genera and inLongiperna). Pachylinae, the most diverse gonyleptid subfamily, represents several distinct lineages. We further conclude that the traditional use of a small set of morphological characters in the systematics of Gonyleptidae is unable to explain the complex evolution of the family.
Hybridization increases invasive knotweed success
Authors: Parepa Madalin , Fischer Markus , Krebs Christine , Bossdorf Oliver 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHybridization is one of the fundamental mechanisms by which rapid evolution can occur in exotic species. If hybrids show increased vigour, this could significantly contribute to invasion success. Here, we compared the success of the two invasive knotweeds, Fallopia japonica and F. sachalinensis, and their hybrid, F. × bohemica, in competing against experimental communities of native plants. Using plant material from multiple clones of each taxon collected across a latitudinal gradient in Central Europe, we found that knotweed hybrids performed significantly better in competition with a native community and that they more strongly reduced the growth of the native plants. One of the parental species, F. sachalinensis, regenerated significantly less well from rhizomes, and this difference disappeared if activated carbon was added to the substrate, which suggests allelopathic inhibition of F. sachalinensis regeneration by native plants. We found substantial within‐taxon variation in competitive success in all knotweed taxa, but variation was generally greatest in the hybrid. Interestingly, there was also significant variation within the genetically uniform F. japonica, possibly reflecting epigenetic differences. Our study shows that invasive knotweed hybrids are indeed more competitive than their parents and that hybridization increased the invasiveness of the exotic knotweed complex.
Effects of straw carbon input on carbon dynamics in agricultural soils: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Chang , Lu Meng , Cui Jun , Li Bo , Fang Changming 
Published: January 2014

AbstractStraw return has been widely recommended as an environmentally friendly practice to manage carbon (C) sequestration in agricultural ecosystems. However, the overall trend and magnitude of changes in soil C in response to straw return remain uncertain. In this meta‐analysis, we calculated the response ratios of soil organic C (SOC) concentrations, greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission, nutrient contents and other important soil properties to straw addition in 176 published field studies. Our results indicated that straw return significantly increased SOC concentration by 12.8 ± 0.4% on average, with a 27.4 ± 1.4% to 56.6 ± 1.8% increase in soil active C fraction. CO2 emission increased in both upland (27.8 ± 2.0%) and paddy systems (51.0 ± 2.0%), while CH4 emission increased by 110.7 ± 1.2% only in rice paddies. N2O emission has declined by 15.2 ± 1.1% in paddy soils but increased by 8.3 ± 2.5% in upland soils. Responses of macro‐aggregates and crop yield to straw return showed positively linear with increasing SOC concentration. Straw‐C input rate and clay content significantly affected the response of SOC. A significant positive relationship was found between annual SOC sequestered and duration, suggesting that soil C saturation would occur after 12 years under straw return. Overall, straw return was an effective means to improve SOC accumulation, soil quality, and crop yield. Straw return‐induced improvement of soil nutrient availability may favor crop growth, which can in turn increase ecosystem C input. Meanwhile, the analysis on net global warming potential (GWP) balance suggested that straw return increased C sink in upland soils but increased C source in paddy soils due to enhanced CH4 emission. Our meta‐analysis suggested that future agro‐ecosystem models and cropland management should differentiate the effects of straw return on ecosystem C budget in upland and paddy soils.
Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma is an indolent and low‐grade neoplasm with overexpression of cyclin‐D1
Authors: Leroy Xavier , Camparo Philippe , Gnemmi Viviane , Aubert Sebastien , Flamand Vincent , Roupret Morgan , Fantoni Jean‐Christophe , Comperat Eva 
Published: January 2014

AimsSeveral entities have been individualized recently within the family of renal neoplasms with papillary features. Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) was first described in patients with end‐stage renal disease, but is also observed in patients with normal renal function. The objective of this study was to document the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of CCPRCC, with a special emphasis on cyclin D1 expression.Methods and resultsThe patients were 25 men and 17 women, mean age 60.7 years. Seventeen patients had a chronic renal disease. All tumours were stage pT1, with a mean diameter of 2 cm. Six tumours were multifocal. Tumours cells were mainly cuboidal, with clear cytoplasm and low‐grade nuclei apically aligned. In all cases, Fuhrman nuclear grade was one or two. No necrosis or vascular invasion was seen. During follow‐up (10–72 months), no metastasis or death related to the disease was observed. Immunohistochemistry showed strong and diffuse cytokeratin 7 immunoreactivity in all cases, but no labelling for AMACR or TFE3. There was diffuse nuclear cyclin D1 immunoreactivity in 83% of cases.ConclusionCCPRCC is now a well‐characterized entity. This tumour is an indolent and very low‐grade neoplasm. Here we report the first study, to our knowledge, demonstrating the overexpression of cyclin D1 immunostaining by this tumour.