bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enlargement of the sella turcica in pseudotumor cerebri
Authors: Kyung Sung-eun E. , Botelho James V. , Horton Jonathan C. 
Published: December 2013

Object
The sella turcica usually appears partially empty in MR images obtained from patients with chronic elevation of intracranial pressure. The authors measured the size of the sella turcica to determine if enlargement of the pituitary fossa explains the partially empty sella associated with pseudotumor cerebri.

Methods
The medical records from 2005 to 2011 of a single neuro-ophthalmologist were searched to identify consecutive patients with pseudotumor cerebri. Age-matched control patients were selected from the same practice. The sella turcica and pituitary gland were measured on sagittal T1-weighted MR images.

Results
Measurements were obtained for 48 patients with pseudotumor cerebri and 48 controls. The cross-sectional area of the sella was 38% greater in the patients with pseudotumor cerebri, with only a slight reduction in mean pituitary gland size.

Conclusions
Chronic elevation of intracranial pressure is associated with bony enlargement of the sella turcica. Enlargement of the sella turcica contributes to its partially empty appearance.
The impact of extent of resection on malignant transformation of pure oligodendrogliomas
Authors: Snyder Laura A. , Wolf Andrew B. , Oppenlander Mark E. , Bina Robert , Wilson Jeffrey R. , Ashby Lynn , Brachman David , Coons Stephen W. , Spetzler Robert F. , Sanai Nader 
Published: December 2013

Object
Recent evidence suggests that a greater extent of resection (EOR) extends malignant progression-free survival among patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs). These studies, however, rely on the combined analysis of oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, and mixed oligoastrocytomas—3 histological subtypes with distinct genetic and molecular compositions. To assess the value of EOR in a homogeneous LGG patient population and delineate its impact on LGG transformation, the authors examined its effect on newly diagnosed supratentorial oligodendrogliomas.

Methods
The authors identified 93 newly diagnosed adult patients with WHO Grade II oligodendrogliomas treated with microsurgical resection at Barrow Neurological Institute. Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data were collected retrospectively, including 1p/19q codeletion status and volumetric analysis based on T2-weighted MRI.

Results
The median preoperative and postoperative tumor volumes and EOR were 29.0 cm3 (range 1.3–222.7 cm3), 5.2 cm3 (range 0–156.1 cm3), and 85% (range 6%–100%), respectively. Median follow-up was 75.4 months, and there were 14 deaths (15%). Progression and malignant progression were identified in 31 (33%) and 20 (22%) cases, respectively. A greater EOR was associated with longer overall survival (p = 0.005) and progression-free survival (p = 0.004); however, a greater EOR did not prolong the interval to malignant progression, even when controlling for 1p/19q codeletion.

Conclusions
A greater EOR is associated with an improved survival profile for patients with WHO Grade II oligodendrogliomas. However, for this particular LGG patient population, the interval to tumor transformation is not influenced by cytoreduction. These data raise the possibility that the capacity for microsurgical resection to modulate malignant progression is mediated through biological mechanisms specific to nonoligodendroglioma LGG histologies.
The relationship between ruptured aneurysm location, subarachnoid hemorrhage clot thickness, and incidence of radiographic or symptomatic vasospasm in patients enrolled in a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abla Adib A. , Wilson David A. , Williamson Richard W. , Nakaji Peter , McDougall Cameron G. , Zabramski Joseph M. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: December 2013

Object
Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes significant morbidity in a delayed fashion. The authors recently published a new scale that grades the maximum thickness of SAH on axial CT and is predictive of vasospasm incidence. In this study, the authors further investigate whether different aneurysm locations result in different SAH clot burdens and whether any concurrent differences in ruptured aneurysm location and maximum SAH clot burden affect vasospasm incidence.

Methods
Two hundred fifty patients who were part of a prospective randomized controlled trial were reviewed. Most outcome and demographic variables were included as part of the prospective randomized controlled trial. Additional variables were also collected at a later time, including vasospasm data and maximum clot thickness.

Results
Aneurysms were categorized into 1 of 6 groups: intradural internal carotid artery aneurysms, vertebral artery (VA) aneurysms (including the posterior inferior cerebellar artery), basilar trunk or basilar apex aneurysms, middle cerebral artery aneurysms, pericallosal aneurysms, and anterior communicating artery aneurysms. Twenty-nine patients with nonaneurysmal SAH were excluded. Patients with pericallosal aneurysms had the least average maximum clot burden (5.3 mm), compared with 6.4 mm for the group overall, but had the highest rate of symptomatic vasospasm (56% vs 22% overall, OR 4.9, RR 2.7, p = 0.026). Symptomatic vasospasm occurrence was tallied in patients with clinical deterioration attributable to delayed cerebral ischemia. There were no significant differences in maximum clot thickness between aneurysm sites. Middle cerebral artery aneurysms resulted in the thickest mean maximum clot (7.1 mm) but rates of symptomatic and radiographic vasospasm in this group were statistically no different compared with the overall group. Vertebral artery aneurysms had the worst 1-year modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores (3.0 vs 1.9 overall, respectively; p = 0.0249). A 1-year mRS score of 0–2 (good outcome) was found in 72% of patients overall, but in only 50% of those with pericallosal and VA aneurysms, and in 56% of those with basilar artery aneurysms (p = 0.0044). Patients with stroke from vasospasm had higher mean clot thickness (9.71 vs 6.15 mm, p = 0.004).

Conclusions
The location of a ruptured aneurysm minimally affects the maximum thickness of the SAH clot but is predictive of symptomatic vasospasm or clinical deterioration from delayed cerebral ischemia in pericallosal aneurysms. The worst 1-year mRS outcomes in this cohort of patients were noted in those with posterior circulation aneurysms or pericallosal artery aneurysms. Patients experiencing stroke had higher mean clot burden.
Estimation of odontoid process posterior inclination, odontoid height, and pB–C2 line in the adult population
Authors: Khaleel Ziyad L. , Besachio David A. , Bisson Erica F. , Shah Lubdha M. 
Published: December 2013

Object
Posterior odontoid process inclination has been associated with Chiari malformation Type I in the pediatric population. There are varying reports to support a reliable range of odontoid inclination angles in control adults. The purpose of this study is to estimate the normal measurements in adults for odontoid retroflexion, retroversion, height, and the pB–C2 line (a line drawn through the odontoid tip from the ventral dura perpendicular to a second line from drawn the basion to the inferoposterior aspect of C-2 vertebral body) to establish a normative reference in this population.

Methods
After obtaining institutional review board approval, the authors performed a retrospective analysis of non–contrast enhanced cervical spine CT scans obtained in 150 consecutive control adults. Three neuroradiologists measured odontoid retroflexion, odontoid retroversion, odontoid height, and the pB–C2 line. The cohort was divided into sex and two age groups. Comparisons of the means with unpaired 2-tailed t-test were performed.

Results
A total of 125 subjects met the inclusion criteria; 80 were men and 45 were women (mean age 52 years, range 18–89 years). The odontoid retroflexion angle ranged from 70° to 89° (mean 79.3° ± 4.9°), and the odontoid retroversion angle ranged from 57° to 87° (mean 71.9° ± 5.3°). The range and mean of odontoid height were 17–27 mm and 22 ± 1.8 mm, respectively. The mean pB–C2 line was 6.5 ± 2.1 mm with a range of 0–11.2 mm. The results were also compared with previously published pediatric data.

Conclusions
The current study demonstrates that the odontoid process in adults is anatomically different from that in children: it is longer, more posteriorly inclined, and has a greater pB–C2 line. Therefore, utilization of these parameters with previously published cutoffs in the pediatric population is not appropriate for surgical planning in adults.
Hydrocephalus research funding from the National Institutes of Health: a 10-year perspective
Authors: Gross Paul , Reed Gavin T. , Engelmann Rachel , Kestle John R. W. 
Published: December 2013

Object
Funding of hydrocephalus research is important to the advancement of the field. The goal of this paper is to describe the funding of hydrocephalus research from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) over a recent 10-year period.

Methods
The NIH online database RePORT (Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools) was searched using the key word “hydrocephalus.” Studies were sorted by relevance to hydrocephalus. The authors analyzed funding by institute, grant type, and scientific approach over time.

Results
Over $54 million was awarded to 59 grantees for 66 unique hydrocephalus proposals from 48 institutions from 2002 to 2011. The largest sources of funding were the National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Of the total, $22 million went to clinical trials, $15 million to basic science, and $10 million to joint ventures with small business (Small Business Innovation Research or Small Business Technology Transfer). Annual funding varied from $2.3 to $8.1 million and steadily increased in the second half of the observation period. The number of new grants also went from 15 in the first 5 years to 27 in the second 5 years. A large portion of the funding has been for clinical trials. Funding for shunt-device development grew substantially. Support for training of hydrocephalus investigators has been low.

Conclusions
Hydrocephalus research funding is low compared with that for other conditions of similar health care burden. In addition to NIH applications, researchers should pursue other funding sources. Small business collaborations appear to present an opportunity for appropriate projects.
Patient-Reported Immunosuppression Nonadherence 6 to 24 Months after Liver Transplant: Association with Pretransplant Psychosocial Factors and Perceptions of Health Status Change
Authors: Rodrigue James R. , Nelson David R. , Hanto Douglas W. , Reed Alan I. , Curry Michael P. 
Published: December 2013

Context Knowing the prevalence and risk factors of immunosuppression nonadherence after liver transplant may help guide intervention development. Objective To examine whether sociodemographic and psychosocial variables before liver transplant are predictive of nonadherence after liver transplant. Design Structured telephone interviews were used to collect self-report immunosuppression adherence and health status information. Medical record reviews were then completed to retrospectively examine the relationship between immunosuppression adherence and pretransplant variables, including sociodemographic and medical characteristics and the presence or absence of 6 hypothesized psychosocial risk factors. Setting and Participants A nonprobability sample of 236 adults 6 to 24 months after liver transplant at 2 centers completed structured telephone interviews. Main Outcome Measure Immunosuppressant medication nonadherence, categorized as missed-dose and altered-dose “adherent” or “nonadherent” during the past 6 months; immunosuppression medication holidays. Results Eighty-two patients (35%) were missed-dose nonadherent and 34 patients (14%) were altered-dose nonadherent. Seventy-one patients (30%) reported 1 or more 24-hour immunosuppression holidays in the past 6 months. Missed-dose nonadherence was predicted by male sex (odds ratio, 2.46; P = .01), longer time since liver transplant (odds ratio, 1.08; P = .01), pretransplant mood disorder (odds ratio, 2.52; P = .004), and pretransplant social support instability (odds ratio, 2.25; P= .03). Altered-dose nonadherence was predicted by pretransplant mood disorder (odds ratio, 2.15; P= .04) and pretransplant social support instability (odds ratio, 1.89; P= .03). Conclusion Rates of immunosuppressant nonadherence and drug holidays in the first 2 years after liver transplant are unacceptably high. Pretransplant mood disorder and social support instability increase the risk of nonadherence, and interventions should target these modifiable risk factors.
The Alcohol Relapse Risk Assessment: A Scoring System to Predict the Risk of Relapse to Any Alcohol Use after Liver Transplant
Authors: Rodrigue James R. , Hanto Douglas W. , Curry Michael P. 
Published: December 2013

Context Alcohol relapse after liver transplant heightens concern about recurrent disease, nonadherence to the immunosuppression regimen, and death. Objectives To develop a scoring system to stratify risk of alcohol relapse after liver transplant. Design Retrospective medical record review. Setting and Participants All adult liver transplants performed from May 2002 to February 2011 at a single center in the United States. Main Outcome Measure The incidence of return to any alcohol consumption after liver transplant. Results Thirty-four percent (40/118) of patients with a history of alcohol abuse/dependency relapsed to use of any alcohol after liver transplant. Nine of 25 hypothesized risk factors were predictive of alcohol relapse after liver transplant: absence of hepatocellular carcinoma, tobacco dependence, continued alcohol use after liver disease diagnosis, low motivation for alcohol treatment, poor stress management skills, no rehabilitation relationship, limited social support, lack of nonmedical behavioral consequences, and continued engagement in social activities with alcohol present. Each independent predictor was assigned an Alcohol Relapse Risk Assessment (ARRA) risk value of 1 point, and patients were classified into 1 of 4 groups by ARRA score: ARRA I = 0, ARRA II = 1 to 3, ARRA III = 4 to 6, and ARRA IV = 7 to 9. Patients in the 2 higher ARRA classifications had significantly higher rates of alcohol relapse and were more likely to return to pretransplant levels of drinking. Conclusion Alcohol relapse rates are moderately high after liver transplant. The ARRA is a valid and practical tool for identifying pretransplant patients with alcohol abuse or dependency at elevated risk of any alcohol use after liver transplant.
Compassion Fatigue in Liver and Kidney Transplant Nurse Coordinators: A Descriptive Research Study
Authors: Kim Sabin 
Published: December 2013

Context Because of the nature of the helping professions, nurses are at high risk for compassion fatigue and burnout. In the past, many researchers have studied compassion fatigue and burnout in nurses. However, reports of research assessing liver and kidney transplant nurse coordinators' compassion fatigue and burnout are rare. Objective To assess liver and kidney transplant nurse coordinators' levels of compassion fatigue and burnout. Design A nonexperimental, exploratory descriptive study was conducted using the Professional Quality of Life Scale Version 5 (ProQOL-V), a 30-item self-report instrument to measure participants' level of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Setting and Participants This study sampled 14 liver and kidney transplant nurse coordinators from a large multiorgan transplant center in the Southeast region. Results Transplant nurse coordinators had an average level of compassion satisfaction, an average level of burnout, and an average level of secondary traumatic stress. Within liver and kidney transplant nurse coordinators, a statistically significant relationship was found between education levels of transplant nurse coordinators and the level of burnout, suggesting that education levels may influence burnout.
Martyrs pacifistes dans une foule mystifiée
Authors: Bouliane Claudia 
Published: December 2013

Le 1er août 1914, le gouvernement Poincaré décrète la mobilisation générale. Jacques Thibault, héros de L’été 1914, avant-dernier livre des Thibault de Martin du Gard, voit son pacifisme ébranlé par l’acquiescement subit de la foule parisienne à l’entrée en guerre de son pays. Convaincu qu’il suffirait d’un choc pour « réveiller la conscience des masses » endoctrinées par la propagande militariste, il décide de se sacrifier pour la cause de la paix universelle.
Le 24 septembre 1938, le gouvernement Daladier décrète la mobilisation partielle. Philippe Grésigne, dont la fugue occupe plusieurs segments du Sursis, deuxième tome des Chemins de la liberté de Sartre, se résout alors au destin de martyr pacifiste : il dénoncera la guerre sur les places de Paris jusqu’à ce qu’un « grondement de refus [roule] d’un bout à l’autre de la foule, comme un tonnerre ».
Malgré leur facture divergente et leur compréhension difficilement compatible de l’engagement, les deux oeuvres ont en commun leur représentation d’un adolescent en rupture de ban face à la population parisienne unifiée en foule par un même élan de panique. Jacques et Philippe prétendent saisir cette occasion unique de basculement social pour gagner la communauté internationaliste des pacifistes, mais cela ne se fait pas sans heurt. La présente étude propose d’interroger conjointement les scènes de mobilisation dans ces grands cycles romanesques de la première moitié du xxe siècle afin d’éclairer les mécanismes mis en oeuvre par les deux personnages pour défendre leur identité personnelle menacée par l’assimilation à un groupe, dont ils souhaitent l’appui mais non la contrainte.
Entre Sartre et Flaubert : les fictions de Jacques Rancière
Authors: Guénoun Solange 
Published: December 2013

Après avoir brièvement évoqué le rôle considérable que joue Sartre dans la trame existentielle et la pensée du philosophe Jacques Rancière, cette étude s’appuie entre autres sur un article de Libération paru en 2000 pour mettre en évidence ses manières de faire, de penser et d’écrire avec Sartre lecteur de Flaubert. Cette intervention médiatique cherche d’abord à prendre ses distances avec le jeu consensuel qui divise Sartre contre lui-même et oppose l’écrivain génial au militant délirant. En revanche, il s’agit pour Rancière de marquer à la fois sa proximité et son éloignement irréductible de la conception sartrienne de la politique de la littérature. La « passivité » et la « pétrification » sont alors les deux signifiants majeurs de sa lecture de Sartre qui, d’une part, réduisent considérablement les milliers de pages et les années de labeur consacrées par Sartre à Flaubert, et occultent bien des convergences, des formulations. Mais qui, d’autre part, rendent hommage au philosophe de la liberté et « ami de l’égalité », par le retour inattendu qu’il opère à sa question inaugurale qu’est-ce que la littérature ?, discréditée par des décennies de théorie littéraire. Ainsi pétrification et passivité sont pour Sartre les traits de la volonté de ne rien dire, du nihilisme bourgeois, anti-démocratique, de l’art pour l’art. Rancière en fait des « homonymes », qui signifient exactement le contraire, puisque le « livre sur rien », l’indifférence au sujet, l’égalité radicale de tout, du point de vue du style, sont les marques mêmes de fabrique du roman démocratique illustré par Madame Bovary. Rancière serait-il alors l’un de ces petits-fils imaginés par Sartre dès 1946, « orphelin abusif » qui utilise ses écrits pour ses propres besoins ? Ou au contraire, construirait-il ainsi une résistance à l’oeuvre, qui, en la réactualisant de manière critique, la renforce et l’enrôle au service de ce qu’on pourrait appeler l’« immortalité d’étagère » des livres, rêve de l’enfant Sartre, et désir sur lequel le philosophe anti-bourgeois ne cède pas ?
Crustal structure of the Izu collision zone in central Japan from seismic refraction data
Authors: Arai Ryuta , Iwasaki Takaya , Sato Hiroshi , Abe Susumu , Hirata Naoshi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Izu‐Bonin arc (IBA) has been colliding with the more northerly Honshu arc since the middle Miocene, forming a globally unique active Izu arc‐arc collision zone (ICZ) in central Japan. To determine crustal structure of the ICZ, we constrain P and S wave velocities from active source refraction data. The velocity structures reveal that the style of collisions of the Misaka, Tanzawa, and Izu blocks, which were derived from the IBA, has been controlled by subduction of the IBA. High‐velocity rocks (Vp > 6.2 km/s) observed in the ICZ continuously extend to deeper crust, suggesting that plutonic rocks, formed by partial melting of the subducted IBA crust, intruded into the Honshu arc crust and the accreted crustal blocks of the IBA. The northernmost major fault in the ICZ dips southeastward, which is in clear contrast with other major northwestward dipping faults farther southeast. In the northernmost part of the ICZ, the upper 5 km crust of the Misaka block was delaminated from its lower part and obducted onto the Honshu arc. The Tanzawa block, southeast of the Misaka block, is bounded by northwestward dipping faults and is characterized by crustal stacking. A low‐velocity sedimentary layer between the Tanzawa and Izu blocks dips northwestward along the collisional boundary and reaches ~5 km depth, suggesting that the Izu block underthrust beneath the Tanzawa block. The overall geometry of the collisional boundaries exhibits a doubly vergent system, which is characterized by inward‐dipping thrust faults on both sides.
Focal mechanisms of deep low‐frequency earthquakes in Eastern Shimane in Western Japan
Authors: Aso Naofumi , Ide Satoshi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDeep low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) are small earthquakes (M < 2) that occur at depths of ~10–45 km with seismic wave radiation mainly in the frequency range of 2–8 Hz. LFEs in western Japan are categorized into tectonic LFEs in the Nankai subduction zone, volcanic LFEs beneath active volcanoes, and semi‐volcanic LFEs that occur far from active volcanoes but are otherwise similar to volcanic LFEs. While tectonic LFEs are considered to reflect shear slip on a plate boundary, the mechanisms of volcanic and semi‐volcanic LFEs remain unclear. We have determined the mechanisms of 38 semi‐volcanic LFEs in eastern Shimane, which is the site of the most frequent semi‐volcanic LFE activity in Japan. For each event, velocity seismograms at five stations were inverted into a focal mechanism and moment rate function by a combined grid search and linear inversion analysis. Synthetic waveforms were calculated for a one‐dimensional structure and the local site amplification effects were corrected using body waves from deep earthquakes. The estimated moment rate function was found to often oscillate between positive and negative values, which are unlike those of regular earthquakes. The focal mechanisms for many LFEs are dominated by a compensated linear vector dipole with symmetry axes parallel to the lineation formed by the hypocenter distribution and the direction of the minimum principal axis of regional stress.