bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Diskursivierung des konzeptuellen „Wienerischen“ in historischen Zeitungen
Authors: Werner Martina 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Erforschung des Historischen „Wienerischen“ als Stadtsprache verfügt über eine lange Tradition und ist gleichzeitig ein heterogenes Feld, einerseits aufgrund des Untersuchungsgegenstandes (Definition von „Stadtsprache“), andererseits aufgrund der Quellenlage bzw. methodischer Zugänge, bei denen sich inner- und außersprachliche Aspekte unter medien- und soziohistorischer wie kultureller Perspektive verdichten. In der vorliegenden qualitativen Studie werden Daten aus historischen Zeitungen der Datenbank ANNO von der ersten Erwähnung der Varietät bis 1900 untersucht; zunächst im Hinblick auf die Frage, inwieweit und ab wann in historischen Zeitungen die Annahme einer medial repräsentierten Stadtsprache („Wienerisch“) empirisch nachweisbar ist. Es zeigt sich, dass „Wienerisch“ in etwa ab Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts diskursiviert wird. Eine daran anknüpfende Frage ist, inwieweit das historisch-mediale „Wienerisch“ dem linguistisch verbrieften Wienerisch als historische Stadtsprache entspricht, was mithilfe von Fachliteratur aus der historischen Dialektologie überprüft wird. Im Artikel wird gezeigt, dass die zur Charakterisierung des „Wienerischen“ in den historischen Zeitungen erwähnten sprachlichen Aspekte verschiedene linguistische Systemebenen (konkret: Phonetik/Phonologie, Lexik, Grammatik) berühren, eine Bestimmung exklusiver Wiener Stadtsprachlichkeit jedoch zuweilen problematisch ist, da die in den Zeitungen diskursivierten Sprachmerkmale oft entweder (über)regionaler Natur, also nicht spezifisch „wienerisch“, sind, oder historisch nicht immer verlässliche Angaben existieren. Gleichzeitig zeigen sich im Diskurs des 19. Jahrhunderts bereits zentrale Entwicklungen zugunsten eines konzeptuellen „Wienerischen“, die vorangehende Diskurstraditionen des 18. Jahrhunderts aufgreifen und auch diskursiv fortwirken: einerseits „Wienerisch“ als überwiegend humoristisch inszenierte Varietät zur Identitätsstiftung (innere Perspektive), andererseits aber auch als Repräsentant (als „Marke“) eines Kulturraums (äußere Perspektive).
Outcomes of growth hormone treatment in children with Prader–Willi syndrome over a 30-year period: a single tertiary center experience
Authors: Gamage Dilhara S. , Ambler Geoffrey , Chan Albert , Srinivasan Shubha , Maguire Ann M. , Cho Yoon Hi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Clinical benefits of growth hormone (GH) in Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) are proven and scoliosis is a known association of both PWS and GH therapy. The aims of this study were to assess GH prescribing practices and growth outcomes over time, the prevalence and predictors of scoliosis in GH-treated PWS children, and the near-final height of GH-treated PWS patients.

Design and Methods
This is a retrospective, descriptive study evaluating data from all clinic visits of patients aged 0–18 years with PWS, seen through the Children’s Hospital at Westmead between March 1992 and May 2022 (n=75).

Results
A total of 64 patients were treated with GH (visits = 1,414). In the recent decade, the diagnosis of PWS and GH commencement were made significantly earlier in life. The prevalence of scoliosis was 41 %, in which age was the only significant predictor for scoliosis (odds ratio 1.19: 95 % CI [1.08–1.31; p=0.001]) adjusted for other predictors. In patients with data available at the age 16 years (23/28 treated with GH), those who were GH treated had significantly higher height SDS vs. nontreated group (SDS −0.67 vs. −2.58; p=0.0001) and lower BMI SDS (1.18 vs. 2.37; p<0.001).

Conclusions
Significant improvements in growth and body composition were seen in the GH-treated group vs. non-treated group of children with PWS. There were no significant modifiable clinical predictors of scoliosis in children with PWS, but our findings confirm the high prevalence of scoliosis in GH-treated children with PWS reinforcing the need for close surveillance.
Reinforcement mechanisms and current research status of silicon carbide whisker-reinforced composites: A comprehensive review
Authors: Lai Liyan , Bi Yuxiao , Niu Bing , Yu Guanliang , Li Yigui , Ding Guifu , Xu Qiu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In recent decades, with the advancement of micro-electro-mechanical systems technology, traditional materials have become insufficient to meet the demands of cutting-edge technology for various material properties. Composites have attracted widespread attention as an effective and viable solution. Silicon carbide whiskers (SiCw) have emerged as excellent reinforcements due to their high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, high melting point, superior mechanical properties, and high chemical stability. This article provides a comprehensive review of the reinforcement mechanisms and current research state of SiCw-reinforced composites. The reinforcement mechanisms include mainly grain refinement, load transfer, and crack bridging. The composites are categorized based on the type of the matrix: ceramic-based, metal-based, and polymer-based composites. The influence and parameter performance of the reinforcement mechanism on SiCw-reinforced composite materials with different matrices vary. However, the key to improving SiCw-reinforced composites lies in understanding the interplay of properties between the matrix and the reinforcement, as well as the ordered and regular distribution and binding at the interface. Finally, the current state and limitations of SiCw-reinforced composites are summarized, and future development trends are discussed. This article represents a great contribution to the future applications of SiCw-reinforced composite materials.
Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of Quantitative Ultrasound Speed of Sound by Trained Raters at the Distal Radius in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Watson Cynthia J. , de Ruig Matthew J. , Saunders Kent T. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Purpose:
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) performed at the distal radius shows potential as an effective tool for evaluating fracture risk, especially in postmenopausal women, but the reliability of this tool has not been reported in this patient population. This study investigated the within-day intrarater and interrater reliability of trained raters performing QUS measures at the distal radius of postmenopausal community-dwelling women.

Methods:
Eighteen women between the ages of 56 and 87 years were recruited from senior centers in the Greenville area of South Carolina and consented to participate. A QUS bone sonometer was used in this study; the trained raters performed 3 repeated speed of sound (SOS) measures at the nondominant radius of each participant on the same day. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated (model 3,1 for intrarater and 2,3 for interrater reliability) to determine the reliability within and between raters. In addition, we calculated the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimal detectable change at 95% confidence interval (MDC95).

Results:
The within-day intrarater reliability was excellent for both physical therapist raters (ICC(3,1) ranging from 0.93 to 0.91). The SEM and MDC for the within-day intrarater reliability measures were small for both raters (SEM = 36.79-38.75 or 0.92%-0.97% of the pooled mean; MDC95 = 101.99-107.40). The interrater reliability for SOS measurements using radial QUS was good with an ICC(2,3) of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.36-0.92) for 3 averaged measures. The SEM and MDC were larger for the interrater reliability measures (SEM = 62.79 or 1.57% of the pooled mean; MDC95 = 174.05).

Conclusions:
Quantitative ultrasound SOS measurement at the distal radius showed excellent within-day intrarater and good interrater (when 3 measures were averaged) reliability in community-dwelling postmenopausal women. The SEM and MDC95 were also low for interrater reliability when a mean of 3 trials was used. This study is the first to demonstrate that this particular QUS device at the radius may be a reliable fracture risk screening tool for postmenopausal women.
Análise em tempo aparente da vocalização variável da lateral pós-vocálica em Flores da Cunha (RS)
Authors: Battisti Elisa , Moras Viviane Tebaldi 
Published: July 2024

O trabalho busca verificar, com análise de regra variável (LABOV 1972), (a) se há vocalização da lateral pós-vocálica (folga~fo[w]ga, hospital~hospita[w]) no português brasileiro falado em Flores da Cunha (RS), (b) qual a proporção de aplicação do processo e (c) os fatores linguísticos e sociais que o condicionam. Estudo anterior (TASCA 1999) na mesma comunidade com dados de entrevistas do VARSUL do início dos anos 1990 revelou não existir vocalização da lateral pós-vocálica nessa comunidade. O presente trabalho investiga novamente o processo em Flores da Cunha, agora com dados de entrevistas do BDSer, realizadas entre 2008 e 2009. A análise revela que há 72% de vocalização na comunidade, condicionada pelos contextos fonológicos precedente e seguinte, tonicidade da sílaba e posição da lateral da palavra, pelo sexo/gênero dos falantes, sua faixa etária e local de residência.
O alçamento das vogais médias pretônicas em Salvador (BA)
Authors: Paim Marcela Moura Torres , Dos Anjos Vitor Meneses 
Published: July 2024

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o comportamento das vogais médias pretônicas (altas e baixas) e vogais altas no português brasileiro a partir dos inquéritos do Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB). O corpus constitui-se de dados coletados em entrevistas in loco realizadas em Salvador (BA). A relevância de estudar tal fenômeno se deve à descrição da realidade linguística do português falado brasileiro e, também, à delimitação de áreas dialetais. Assim, o fenômeno em questão será analisado por meio de fatores extralinguísticos como, por exemplo, a faixa etária, o sexo e a escolaridade, aplicando a metodologia de análise de dados quantitativos da variação linguística com dados fonéticofonológicos.
PERMAFROST TEMPERATURE in THE UPPER KOLYMA HIGHLAND ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF THERMOMETRIC BOREHOLES 2021–2022
Authors: Макарьева О.М. , Абрамов Д.А. , Землянскова А.А. , Осташов А.А. , Нестерова Н.В. 
Published: July 2024

Целью исследования является первичный анализ данных о температуре многолетнемерзлых пород Верхнеколымского нагорья, полученных по данным измерений в 10 термометрических скважинах, пробуренных и оборудованных авторами в 2021–2022 гг. Скважины глубиной до 15 м расположены на высотах от 618 до 1182 м в различных ландшафтных условиях. Среднегодовая температура пород на глубине нулевых годовых амплитуд колеблется в пределах от –0.1 до –3.8 °С. Глубина сезонного оттаивания составила 0.9–2.6 м. Глубина нулевых годовых амплитуд составила 11.5 и 13 м в двух скважинах. В двух скважинах, расположенных в таликовых зонах, глубина промерзания зафиксирована на 2.6 и 3.6 м. Температурный режим пород в пределах одного района существенно различается, находясь в сложной зависимости от высоты местности, элемента рельефа, состава отложений, характера растительности и других факторов. На основе полученных данных и опыта проведения работ планируется развитие сети режимных наблюдений в Магаданской области. На части рассмотренных скважин уже проведен годовой цикл наблюдений за температурой пород, снежным покровом, температурой воздуха и осадками. Несмотря на короткие ряды наблюдений, вследствие отсутствия сведений о состоянии мерзлых пород для рассматриваемой территории публикация данных актуальна и своевременна.
This study is aimed at a preliminary analysis of ground temperature data from ten thermometric boreholes drilled and equipped by the authors in the Upper Kolyma Highland (Magadan region) in 2021–2022. The boreholes of up to 15 m in depth are located in characteristic landscapes (rocky talus, mountainous tundra, larch woodland, river valleys) of the highland at heights from 618 to 1182 m asl. Continuous monitoring of ground temperatures with a time step of 4 h was carried out. Data on the mean annual rock temperatures, seasonal thawing/freezing depths, and the depths of zero annual amplitude were obtained. The mean annual ground temperature varied from –0.1 to –3.8 °C. The depth of seasonal thawing ranged from 0.9 to 2.6 m. The depth of zero annual amplitudes was 11.5 and 13 m in two boreholes. Two boreholes located in talik zones recorded freezing depths of 2.6 and 3.6 m. Ground temperature regimes within the same region differed significantly depending on landscape conditions: elevation, landform, composition of the rock, character of vegetation, and other factors. Based on the data obtained, it is planned to further develop the geocryological monitoring network in the Magadan region. For some of the boreholes, a full annual cycle of observations on ground and air temperatures, precipitation, and snow cover depth is available. As information on the state of permafrost in the territory under consideration is virtually absent, publication of the obtained data of relatively short-term observations is relevant and timely.
АНАЛІЗ ІТ-ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА
Authors: Трішин Ф. А. , Златов А. Ф. 
Published: July 2024

У статті проведено аналіз особливостей використання ІТ-технологій для забезпечення інноваційного розвитку сільського господарства. Ідентифіковано три ключові інноваційно орієнтовані пріоритети аграрного бізнесу в Україні: точне землеробство (застосування такої технології дозволяє суттєво заощадити (близько 15%) добрив, палива, оптимізувати систему управління полем; інновації в сфері обліку та аналізу полів; ERP-системи управління бізнесом, які сприяють ефективності моніторингу розрізнених земельних масивів на території країни та управляти значною кількістю людей. Встановлено, що використання інформаційних технологій у сільському господарстві призвело до модернізації способів обробки для сільськогосподарських культур й системи управління полями. Систематизовано перелік найкращих інноваційних інформаційних технологій в сільському господарстві, які на сьогодні визнаються вітчизняними та світовими суб’єктами сільського господарства: геоінформаційні технології в сільському господарстві й GPS сільське господарство; відповідні супутникові знімки для сільського господарства; дрони й інші аерофотознімки; інноваційні інформаційні технології у сільському господарстві й різного роду онлайн-дані; об’єднання сукупності даних. Доведено, що використовуючи ІТ-технології фермери отримують суттєві вигоди, які постійно розвиваються. До основних переваг насамперед належать: мінімізація обсягів споживання води, різного роду поживних речовин і добрив, зменшення негативного впливу безпосередньо на екосистему, зниження хімічного стоку до ґрунтових вод, зростання ефективності, пониження цін і багато іншого. Охарактеризовано ІТ-технології у системі точного землеробства: технологія змінних норм; відбір проб ґрунту за допомогою GPS; комп’ютерні програми; дистанційне зондування. Визначено, що просторові зображення й інструменти для їх представлення, які використовуються у точному землеробстві, сприяють фермерам розпізнати нагальні проблемні точки, прийняти рішення, який метод доцільно використати в цільовій зоні й розрахувати найкращу модель дій.
Groot Aub groundwater quality and its suitability for domestic purposes, Namibia
Authors: Liina Mutilifa  , Bushira Kedir  , Benjamin Mapani  , Rosemary Shikangalah  
Published: July 2024

The Groot Aub (GA) settlement depends entirely on groundwater for domestic purposes and other development activities. Development activities are mainly agriculture, such as animal husbandry, chicken farming and crop farming using irrigation. However, these activities have the potential to contaminate the groundwater system. A total of 87 groundwater samples were collected from the boreholes in the study area during the dry and wet season. Water quality parameters (pH, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and hydrochemistry (Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, and HCO3− > SO42− > Cl−) of 5 boreholes and 1 reservoir tank were analysed. The dominant cations were attributed to cation exchange processes as a coupled exchange of Na+ + K+ replacing Ca2+; and Na+ replacing Mg2+ ions in the rock–water interactions. The HCO3− anion is attributed to underlying rich carbonate rocks in the study area and chemical reactions between groundwater and silicate minerals. TDS ranged from 639.01 to 1 998.96 mg/L. The microbial levels as indicated by heterotrophic plate count (HPC) values exceed the limits imposed by the local Namibian and WHO drinking water regulations. The Piper diagrams showed a mixed water type of mainly HCO3− and SO42− anions and Na+ and Ca2+ > Mg2+ cations. The study shows that the elemental composition of the groundwater is impacted significantly by primarily anthropogenic activities and secondarily geogenic processes. Based on the results of this study it is recommended that a buffer zone be created between human activities and production boreholes to avoid further groundwater contamination.
Premonitory Earthquakes Clustering Process in an Equivalent Dimensions Space before the 2017 Mw 8.2 Tehuantepec, Mexico, Mainshock
Authors: Lasocki Stanislaw , Karakostas Vasileios G. , Ramón Zúñiga F. , Papadimitriou Eleftheria E. , Mahmood Yaseen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The transformation to equivalent dimensions, an innovative methodology to investigate earthquake clustering, is engaged in tracking the preparatory process of the 2017 Mw 8.4 Tehuantepec, Mexico, mainshock. The studied seismic series comprises earthquakes from 1999 to May 2020 in an area extended three times more than the main rupture length. We parameterized each earthquake by its magnitude, the waiting time for its occurrence, that is, the time since the previous earthquake after which this earthquake occurred, and the epicentral offset from the previous earthquake, that is, the distance of the epicenter of this earthquake from the epicenter of the previous earthquake. After transformation to equivalent dimensions, these three parameters became mutually comparable. The average distance between earthquakes in the space of these three transformed parameters was used to determine the degree of event clustering. We calculated this distance in data windows moving in time, each consisting of 100 events. The average distance exhibited a consistent upward trend from ten to two years before the mainshock. Then, it declined until the mainshock. This precursory up–down signal was highly significant statistically. We showed that the detected time changes of the average distance resulted from the evolution of the earthquake clustering in the space of their parameters.
(Re)Discovering the Seismicity of Antarctica: A New Seismic Catalog for the Southernmost Continent
Authors: Peña Castro Andres Felipe , Schmandt Brandon , Nakai Jenny , Aster Richard C. , Chaput Julien 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We apply a machine learning (ML) earthquake detection technique on over 21 yr of seismic data from on-continent temporary and long-term networks to obtain the most complete catalog of seismicity in Antarctica to date. The new catalog contains 60,006 seismic events within the Antarctic continent for 1 January 2000–1 January 2021, with estimated moment magnitudes (Mw) between −1.0 and 4.5. Most detected seismicity occurs near Ross Island, large ice shelves, ice streams, ice-covered volcanoes, or in distinct and isolated areas within the continental interior. The event locations and waveform characteristics indicate volcanic, tectonic, and cryospheric sources. The catalog shows that Antarctica is more seismically active than prior catalogs would indicate, examples include new tectonic events in East Antarctica, seismic events near and around the vicinity of David Glacier, and many thousands of events in the Mount Erebus region. This catalog provides a resource for more specific studies using other detection and analysis methods such as template matching or transfer learning to further discriminate source types and investigate diverse seismogenic processes across the continent.
How Does the Onset of Offset Influence Geologic Slip Rates?
Authors: Hatem Alexandra E. , Briggs Richard W. , Gold Ryan D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Geologic slip rates are typically based on the displacement accrued by a geomorphic or stratigraphic feature and the age of the offset feature. Because slip rates are commonly calculated by dividing the displacement of a faulted marker by its age, they contain two open time intervals: the elapsed time between the age of an offset feature and the age of the earthquake that displaced the feature, and the time between the present-day and the most recent earthquake. Here, we explore the influence of including unconstrained open intervals in geologic slip rate calculations. We test the degree to which these open intervals affect geologic slip rates and their uncertainties, and we find that their influence depends primarily on mean earthquake recurrence intervals (RIs). Slip rates on faults with longer RIs, such as the Wasatch fault, can be greatly influenced by an increase of up to 20% when accounting for open intervals. In contrast, slip rates on faults with shorter RIs, such as the San Andreas fault, are only slightly influenced by the assumption that slip rates calculated over open intervals approximate those calculated over closed intervals. Our analyses indicate that faults with moderate slip rates (∼0.2–5 mm/yr) are sensitive to both open interval effects themselves, as well as methods to quantify and account for these effects. We re-evaluate how slip rates are calculated and defined in displacement–time space using published deformation records. We explore the utility of assigning a probability distribution to the initiation of offset of the oldest faulted feature and the timing of the most recent earthquake (MRE). We find that calculating geologic slip rates without using probability distributions that capture the timing of the MRE and the onset of offset of the oldest faulted feature, especially on slow-to-moderate slip rate faults, can lead to systematic underestimation of average geologic slip rates.
Brain abscess in a 12-year-old child with congenital heart disease: lessons learnt
Authors: Bharadwaj Sanket P. , Parker Vishwa , Shah Abhi H. , Shah Vedant B. , Patel Aayushi H. 
Published: July 2024

Brain abscess is a rare and often life-threatening sequelae, observed in 5-20% of the patients with cyanotic congenital heart diseases (CHD). Cyanotic heart diseases involve a right-to-left shunt by-passing the pulmonary vascular bed, culminating in tissue hypoxia. We present a case of an uncorrected atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD) with a double outlet right ventricle (DORV) complicated by a brain abscess in a 12-year-old girl. This patient was a known case of CHD diagnosed at 2 years of age and presented to the neurology out-patient department with a holocranial headache, vomiting, and low-grade fever for 5 days. General examination was suggestive of cyanosis and low-set ears. Systemic examination revealed a pansystolic murmur with bilateral extensor plantar reflexes. MRI brain with contrast revealed an abscess in the right temporoparietal lobe with perilesional edema. The patient was managed conservatively. Nine days post-discharge, the patient presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and was readmitted and managed accordingly. Subsequently, she was referred to the cardiothoracic surgery department for correction of the CHD. However, the family gave negative consent for the same. The relatives of the case described here were counseled to get a surgical correction done for the cardiac defect at the time of diagnosis but with no success. The aim of publishing this case is to emphasize the need for timely diagnosis and correction of such anomalies to curb serious complications causing profound morbidity and mortality.