bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectric Properties of Boron Nitride in THz Region Synthesized with Nonenergetic CVD
Authors: Janek Marián , Vincze Andrej , Darmo Juraj , Szöcs Vojtech , Matejdes Marián , Zacher Tomáš , Kavecký Štefan , Danielik Vladimír , Velič Dusan , Lorenc Dušan , Srnánek Rudolf , Šatka Alexander , Haško Daniel , Matuška Jozef , Uherek František 
Published: April 2013

Pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN) was prepared with a nonenergetic chemical vapor deposition. Two tests were performed (i) short time deposition to investigate rate and volume deposition of injected reaction gases and (ii) long time deposition to characterize possible qualitative differences of the formed BN layer. SEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and Terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy proved that there are small qualitative differences in the pBN deposited at various distances from the blast pipe. The quality of the phase synthesized was resolved with highly sensitive THz‐TDS technique, the index of refraction npBN varied at 2.0 THz (66.6 cm) from 2.018 ± 0.003 to 2.124 ± 0.005.
Correlation between Sn substitution for Ti and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Magnesium Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Yu Hongtao , Xue Xiaomei , Xu Guangliang 
Published: April 2013

The relationship between Sn substitution for Ti and microwave dielectric properties of Mg(Ti1‐xSnx)O3ceramics was investigated. Sn4+could substitute for Ti4+in MgTiO3and increase the crystal volume. All samples exhibited the MgTiO3‐type phase with ilmenite structure as main phase. At the x range from 0 to 0.05, the secondary phase of Mg2TiO5was observed. Upon further increasing Sn content up to 0.15, the SnO2phase appeared. When thexvalue increased from 0 to 0.05, the dielectric constant decreased slightly and the quality factor increased sharply, whereas the dielectric constant increased and the quality factor decreased as thexvalue varied from 0.05 to 0.15. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency moved toward positive value with Sn substitution. In particular, at the x range from 0.05 to 0.07, the ceramic sintered at 1360°C for 4 h exhibited excellent microwave dielectric properties ofεr = 16.8–17.1,Qf = 298,000–312,000 andτf = −53~−50 ppm/°C.
Optical Active Nano‐Glass‐Ceramics
Authors: Komatsu Takayuki , Honma Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2013

This paper reviews the synthesis and characterization of several transparent glass‐ceramics with optical active nanocrystals. Glass‐ceramics containing ferroelectric SrxBa1‐xNb2O6 nanocrystals with an ellipsoidal shape show optical phase modulations in the presence of alternative electric fields. In the glass‐ceramics with Ba2TiSi2O8 (BTS) nanocrystals, BTS crystalline layers with a thickness of approximately 120 nm are formed at the surface and ellipsoidal‐shaped crystallites with a diameter of 100–200 nm are dispersed in the glass matrix. Some TeO2‐based and GeO2‐based glasses show a prominent nanocrystallization. RE‐doped CaF2 nanocrystals are patterned in a spatially selected region by laser irradiations. The size, morphology, and dispersion state of nanocrystals should be carefully checked in each glass system and composition. The basic concept for the design of glass system and composition is also discussed. Some data on optical active performances in transparent glass‐ceramics with nanocrystals were introduced.
Children's perspective on the dentist's attire
Authors: Panda Anup , Garg Iti , Bhobe Anamaya P. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundDespite many advances in paediatric dentistry, the greatest challenge for any paediatric dentist is to remove the anxiety related to a dental visit and get the child patient to accept the treatment readily. The manner in which the dentist presents himself plays an important role in cementing a friendly relation with the child.AimTo assess school children's perceptions and preferences towards dentist's attire so as to understand their psych and promote a successful relationship with the patient.DesignA questionnaire designed to evaluate children's attitudes and preferences towards dentists was distributed in public schools and was completed by 619 children (322 males, 297 females) aged between 6–14 years.ResultsThe study found that majority of children preferred dental professionals to wear traditional formal attire with a white coat and name badge. They preferred the use of plain masks and white gloves but disliked protective eyewear or headcaps. Most children liked dentists with closed shoes and no jewellery but preferred the use of a wrist watch.ConclusionsThe results obtained from this study can help dentists decide what is appropriate to wear when dealing with children so as to minimise their anxiety and improve delivery of health care.
The Cosmopolitan Grassroots City as Megaphone: Reconstructing Public Spaces through Urban Activism in Jakarta
Authors: Padawangi Rita 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDiscussions on social movements in Asian cities are inseparable from the abundance of public rallies in the region. In this article, I look at the case of Thamrin‐Sudirman, the main thoroughfare in Jakarta, Indonesia, to uncover how physical urban spaces constituting part of the city as living systems broaden the reach of social movements' agendas. The study involved continuous observation at rallies, interviews with social movement leaders and participants, and a look at simultaneous public rallies in various cities. This article analyzes the sites of public rallies as ‘megaphones’, based on the patterns of issues featured in the rallies, the groups participating, and the nodes and paths that they constructed. Two key dimensions of the megaphone are: (1) the symbolic and historical significance of the sites of rallies; (2) the relationship between the space and the media. Particular sites in cities become places where information is gathered, distributed and transferred through the media, facilitating a network among cities. This article concludes that cities are agents of political actions that amplify ideas and spread them across the globe. The urban centers' megaphonic function results from the synergy between the public space in the built environment and the public sphere, and is reflective of the recentering of the city.
Contribution of rare and common species to richness patterns at local scales
Authors: Heegaard Einar , Gjerde Ivar , Sætersdal Magne 
Published: April 2013

Several studies have recently reported that common species are more important for species richness patterns than rare species. However, most such studies have been based on broad‐scale atlas data. We studied the contribution of different species occupancy, i.e. number of plots occupied, to species richness patterns emerging from species data in 50 by 50 m plots within six 140–200 ha forests in Norway. The study included vascular plants, lichens, bryophytes, and polypore fungi. We addressed the following questions: 1) are common species more correlated with species richness than rare species? 2) How do occupancy classes combine at various levels of species richness? 3) Which occupancy class is best in identifying the overall most species‐rich sites (hotspots) by sampling?The results showed that rare species were better correlated with species richness than common species when the information content was accounted for, that high species richness was associated with a higher proportion of less frequent species, and that the best occupancy class for local hotspot identification was species present in 10–30% of the plots within a forest.We argue that the observed correlations between overall richness and sub‐assembly richness are primarily structured by the combination of the distributions of species richness and species occupancy. Although these distributions result from general ecological processes, they may also be strongly affected by idiosyncratic elements of the individual datasets caused by the specific environmental composition of a study area. Hence, different datasets collected in different areas may lead to different results regarding the relative importance of common versus rare species, and such effects should be expected on both broad and fine spatial scales. Despite these effects, we suggest that infrequent species will tend to be more strongly correlated to species richness at local scales than at broader scales as a result of more right‐skewed species‐occupancy distributions.
An Acetic Acid‐Based Extraction Protocol for the Recovery of U, Th and Pb from Calcium Carbonates for U‐(Th)‐Pb Geochronology
Authors: Mason Andrew J. , Henderson Gideon M. , Vaks Anton 
Published: April 2013

A new method for the simultaneous recovery of U, Th and Pb from ca. 0.5 g calcium carbonate samples for the purpose of U‐(Th)‐Pb geochronometry is presented. The protocol employs ion‐exchange chromatography. Standard anion exchange resin (AG 1‐X8 100–200 mesh) was used as the static phase, and 90% acetic acid was used as the mobile phase to elute the unwanted matrix components; dilute nitric acid was used to elute the U, Th and Pb. Blanks of 1.8 pg Th, 6.4 pg Pb and 8.4 pg U were obtained. The protocol was evaluated by determining the isotopic composition of U‐Th‐Pb separates obtained from an in‐house reference material (prepared from a natural speleothem) by MC‐ICP‐MS. An independently dated speleothem was also reanalysed. Based on these tests, the extraction protocol had an acceptable blank and produced a Pb separate sufficiently free of matrix‐induced instrumental biases to be appropriate for U‐Th‐Pb chronology.
Effect of Li+ Ions Doping on Microstructure and Upconversion Emission of Y2Ti2O7:Er3+/Yb3+ Nanophosphors Synthesized Via a Sol–Gel Method
Authors: Chen Zhongsheng , Chen Tengfei , Gong Weiping , Xu Wenyuan , Wang Dianyuan , Wang Qingkai 
Published: April 2013

Er3+/Yb3+/Li+‐tridoped Y2Ti2O7 nanophosphors were synthesized via a facile sol–gel process. The samples were characterized by the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP‐AES), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and infrared‐to‐visible upconversion (UC) luminescence spectra. XRD analysis showed that the crystallization temperature of pyrochore‐type Y2Ti2O7 was reduced due to the flux effect of Li+ ions, whereas TEM measurements confirmed that the particles size of (Y0.815Er0.01Yb0.075Li0.10)2Ti2O7 was about 30–40 nm when calcining at 800°C for 1.0 h. The calcining temperature and Li+ ion concentration dependence on UC luminescence spectra were investigated. It was found that, when incorporating 10.0 mol% Li+ ion, the UC red and green emission intensity was drastically increased by a factor of 18.6 and 8.3, respectively. The enhancement of UC emission may be mainly attributed to the modification of local symmetry around Er3+ ions by tridoping Li+ ions. And also, the pump power dependence of the emission intensity was investigated to understand the fundamental UC mechanism.
Synthesis, Microstructure, and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Spinel ZnGa2O4 Ceramics
Authors: Xue Juanjuan , Wu Songping , Li Jianhui 
Published: April 2013

Spinel ZnGa2O4 ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid‐state method and their microwave dielectric properties were investigated. The phase evolution and microstructures of specimens were studied by XRD and SEM. The textured surface microstructures of ZnGa2O4 ceramics formed at high sintering temperatures. The spinel‐structured ZnGa2O4 ceramics sintered at 1385°C exhibited excellent microwave dielectric properties: a dielectric constant (εr) of 10.4, a quality factor (Q × f) of 94.600 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) of −27 ppm/°C. ZnGa2O4 ceramics have a low sintering temperature, a wide temperature region, and a small negative τf value. They are promising candidate materials for millimeter‐wave devices.
Two‐step Synthesis of Platelike Potassium Sodium Niobate Template Particles by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Bai Shan , Karaki Tomoaki 
Published: April 2013

Two‐step hydrothermal synthesis of platelike potassium sodium niobate (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN) template particles was investigated. Platelike K4Na4Nb6O19·9H2O (KNN‐hydrate) particles were synthesized in 4 mol/L aqueous alkali at 150°C by the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant‐assisted hydrothermal method, which were used as crystal nucleus in the second step of hydrothermal synthesis. The two‐step synthesized KNN‐hydrate particles with 0.6 μm thickness and 7 μm width were prepared at 80°C after 10 h of the second step. After calcination of the KNN‐hydrate particle at 600°C, platelike KNN particles were obtained, which were used as templates for textured ceramics. Particles obtained by the two‐step synthesis showed regular morphology and uniform distribution, with a marked improvement in grain size.
Oxidation Behavior of MAX Phase Ti2Al(1−x)SnxC Solid Solution
Authors: Bei Guoping , Pedimonte Birgit‐Joana , Fey Tobias , Greil Peter 
Published: April 2013

MAX phase Ti2Al(1−x)SnxC solid solution with x = 0, 0.32, 0.57, 0.82, and 1 was synthesized by pressureless sintering of uniaxially pressed Ti, Al, Sn, and TiC powder mixtures. Annealing in air atmosphere at 200°C–1000°C triggered a sequence of oxidation reactions which reveal a distinct influence of solid solution composition on the oxidation process. With decreasing Al/Sn ratio, the characteristic temperature of accelerated oxidation reaction of A‐element was reduced from 900°C (x = 0) to 460°C (x = 1). SnO2 was formed at temperatures significantly lower than TiO2 (rutile) and Al2O3. Substitution of A‐element in MAX phase solid solution by low‐melting elements such as Sn may offer potential for reducing oxidation‐induced crack healing temperatures.
Awareness contexts revisited: indeterminacy in initiating discussions at the end‐of‐life
Authors: Richards Naomi , Ingleton Christine , Gardiner Clare , Gott Merryn 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsTo explore if and how information about a transition to a palliative care approach was communicated to patients recently discharged from hospital and who fulfilled standardized criteria for palliative care need.BackgroundPalliative care philosophy and, more recently, UK palliative care policy, endorse a context of ‘open’ awareness, where all parties openly acknowledge that the patient's death is approaching. The perceived benefits of making the patient aware of their prognosis encompass a variety of planning activities, which mean that death, when it occurs, is arguably more in keeping with the wishes of the patient.DesignA qualitative inductive interview study conducted in 2010–2011.MethodsFifteen semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 15 patients and 3 family carers. All patients were identified as having palliative care needs according to standardized criteria, 3–6 months after discharge from hospital. A thematic analysis was undertaken.FindingsContrary to the professed ideal of ‘open’ awareness, some participants were only partially aware and others wholly unaware that they were likely to be approaching the end‐of‐life. Those identified as unaware were over 85. Participants displayed a reluctance to acquire knowledge which would require them to face the imminence of death.ConclusionPhilosophy and policy aside, people do not always conform to the autonomy paradigm of a self‐directed life followed by a self‐directed death.
Histological evaluation of different abutments in the posterior maxilla and mandible: an experimental study in humans
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Mihatovic Ilja , Becker Jürgen , Bormann Kai Hendrik , Keeve Philip L. , Friedmann Anton 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo histologically evaluate and compare the performance of healing abutments with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic surface properties in humans.Materials and MethodsAccording to a parallel‐group design, titanium implants placed in the posterior mandible and maxilla of 30 patients were randomly assigned to either (1) hydrophobic machined (M), (2) chemically modified hydrophilic (mod) acid etched (MA) titanium (Ti) (modMA1) or (3) modMATi‐ Zirconium alloy (modMA2) healing abutments and left to heal in a transmucosal position. At 8 weeks, the abutments and a limited soft tissue biopsy were harvested according to a standardized procedure and processed for histological analysis (primary outcomes: percentage epithelial‐ (EC) and subepithelial connective tissue contact (CTC) to the abutment surface).ResultsThe surgical procedure was associated with an incomplete mucosal coverage of the study abutments in nine patients, and an unintentional submerged healing procedure in three patients. Per protocol analysis (18 patients) has pointed to an improved quantitativeEC[modMA2 (53.45 ± 28.25) > modMA1 (32.25 ± 24.3) >M(23.15 ± 16.09)] andCTC[modMA2 (75.12 ± 43.22) > modMA1 (69.41 ± 46.74) > M (47.63 ± 19.28)] (%) to modMAsurfaced abutments.ConclusionsIt was concluded that modMAsurfaces may have the potential to enhance soft tissue adhesion at the transmucosal aspect of titanium dental implants.
Executive functions in girls with and without childhood ADHD: developmental trajectories and associations with symptom change
Authors: Miller Meghan , Loya Fred , Hinshaw Stephen P. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundWe prospectively followed an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of girls with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 140) and a matched comparison sample (n = 88) from childhood through young adulthood to evaluate developmental trajectories of executive functions (EF) and associations between EF trajectories and dimensional measures of ADHD symptoms. We hypothesized that (a) EF trajectories would be similar in girls both with and without childhood ADHD, with the ADHD group showing greater impairment across time; and (b) changes in EF abilities would predict changes in ADHD symptoms across time, consistent with the theory that ADHD symptom reductions partially result from prefrontally mediated EF development.MethodLatent growth curve models were used to evaluate development of sustained attention, response inhibition, working memory, and global EF abilities, and associations between EF trajectories and ADHD symptom trajectories.ResultsGirls with childhood‐diagnosed ADHD showed greater improvement across development on measures of sustained attention and global EF, but similar rates of improvement on measures of working memory and response inhibition. Changes in the global EF measure predicted changes in both inattentive and hyperactive‐impulsive symptoms across time, whereas changes in response inhibition predicted changes in hyperactive‐impulsive symptoms; associations between changes in other EF variables and symptoms were not significant.ConclusionsFindings suggest variability in patterns of EF improvement over time in females with ADHD histories and indicate that EF development may play a role in symptom change.
Weight loss expectations and body dissatisfaction in young women attempting to lose weight
Authors: Siervo M. , Montagnese C. , Muscariello E. , Evans E. , Stephan B. C. M. , Nasti G. , Papa A. , Iannetti E. , Colantuoni A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundUnrealistic weight loss expectations (WLEs) and greater body dissatisfaction may be associated with the poor long‐term outcomes of dietary and lifestyle weight loss treatments. We evaluated the association between body size, WLEs and body dissatisfaction in young women attempting to lose weight.MethodsForty‐four young healthy women [age range 18–35 years, body mass index (BMI) range 23–40 kg/m2] were recruited. Women were classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and non‐obese (BMI <30.0 kg/m2). The Body Dissatisfaction scale of the Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 and the Body Image Assessment for Obesity silhouette charts were used to assess body dissatisfaction. WLEs were categorised according to personal (ideal, happiness, satisfaction, weight history), lifestyle (fitness) and social (career, family acceptance, peer acceptance, mass media, social pressure) factors. Individual WLEs were compared with recommended clinical targets (5%, 10% and 20%) for weight loss.ResultsBody dissatisfaction was lower in non‐obese subjects and was directly associated with BMI (P < 0.05). WLEs were directly associated with BMI and the obese group reported greater expectations. Five non‐obese subjects (23%) desired to lose more than 20% of their body weight, whereas the proportion was significantly higher in the obese group (17 subjects; 74%). Subjects derived the greatest WLEs from mass media, whereas they perceived that family and friends were supportive of a lesser degree of weight loss.ConclusionsWe observed a mismatch between clinical and personal expectations, and social pressure and interpersonal relationships appear to have a prominent role with respect to influencing the association.
Sexual understanding, sources of information and social networks; the reports of young people with intellectual disabilities and their non‐disabled peers
Authors: Jahoda A. , Pownall J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundSexual development plays a vital part in young people's emotional adjustment.MethodThis study compared the sexual understanding of 30 adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities (ID) and 30 non‐disabled adolescents, along with their reports of where they obtained sexual information, and the nature of their social networks and support.ResultsAs expected, the non‐disabled young people had superior levels of knowledge. However, an interaction was found between group and gender. The non‐disabled young women had a better grasp of sexual matters than men, whereas the opposite was the case for those with ID. The non‐disabled young people reported more formal and informal sources of sexual information and described larger social networks than those with ID.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the need to tackle the barriers to sexual knowledge faced by young people with ID, and the need to take account of the broader social context of their lives when doing so. This includes the attitudes to the developing sexuality of young women with ID in particular.
Obstacle course training can improve mobility and prevent falls in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Van Hanegem E. , Enkelaar L. , Smulders E. , Weerdesteyn V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundPersons with intellectual disabilities (ID) constitute a special‐needs population at high risk of falling. This is the first study to evaluate whether obstacle course training can improve mobility and prevent falls in this population.MethodsThe intervention was implemented as part of an institution‐wide health care improvement plan aimed at reducing falls at a residential facility for people with ID. It comprised an annual screening of each resident for his or her individual fall risk. Subsequently, the group of ambulatory persons with a moderate to high fall risk (n = 39) were offered 10‐session obstacle course training to improve their balance and gait abilities. Mobility was assessed pre‐intervention, mid‐term and post‐intervention with the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the 10‐meter walking test. The number of falls was compared between the year before and after intervention.ResultsThe number of falls decreased by 82% (P < 0.001). POMA scores significantly improved from pre‐intervention to mid‐term (mean difference ± SD, 1.8 ± 2.9, P = 0.001), from mid‐term to post‐intervention (2.0 ± 2.9, P < 0.001), and from pre‐intervention to post‐intervention (3.8 ± 4.3, P < 0.001). Participants completed the 10‐meter walking test faster at the post‐intervention compared with the pre‐intervention assessment (difference ± SD, 2.1 ± 5.1 s, P = 0.022). TUG scores did not improve significantly.ConclusionsThe present study provides preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of obstacle course training in improving mobility and preventing falls in people with ID. As falls are a significant health concern in this population, further research is advocated to provide conclusive evidence for the suggested beneficial effects of exercise interventions.