bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Tuberculous: Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. 19-year experience in a third level pediatric hospital
Authors: González Saldaña Napoleón , Macías Parra Mercedes , Hernández Porras Marte , Gutiérrez Castrellón Pedro , Gómez Toscano Valeria , Juárez Olguin Hugo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is an infectious disease that involves the lungs and can be lethal in many cases. Tuberculosis (TB) in children represents 5 to 20% of the total TB cases. However, there are few updated information on pediatric TB, reason why the objective of the present study is to know the real situation of PTB in the population of children in terms of its diagnosis and treatment in a third level pediatric hospital.MethodsA retrospective study based on a revision of clinical files of patients less than 18 years old diagnosed with PTB from January 1994 to January 2013 at Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City was carried out. A probable diagnosis was based on 3 or more of the following: two or more weeks of cough, fever, tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) +, previous TB exposure, suggestive chest X-ray, and favorable response to treatment. Definitive diagnosis was based on positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) or culture.ResultsIn the 19-year period of revision, 87 children were diagnosed with PTB; 57 (65.5%) had bacteriologic confirmation with ZN staining or culture positive (in fact, 22 were ZN and culture positive), and 30 (34.5%) had a probable diagnosis; 14(16.1%) were diagnosed with concomitant disease, while 69/81 were immunized. Median evolution time was 21 days (5–150). Fever was found in 94.3%, cough in 77%, and weight loss in 55.2%. History of contact with TB was established in 41.9%. Chest X-ray showed consolidation in 48.3% and mediastinal lymph node in 47.1%. PPD was positive in 59.2%, while positive AFB was found in 51.7% cases. Culture was positive in 24/79 patients (30.4%), PCR in 20/27 (74.1%). 39 (44.8%) patients were treated with rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide while 6 (6.9%) received the former drugs plus streptomycin and 42 (48.3%) the former plus ethambutol. There were three deaths.ConclusionsPTB in pediatric population represents a diagnostic challenge for the fact that clinical manifestations are unspecific and the diagnosis is not confirmed in all cases; that is why clinical suspicion, X-ray findings and PPD are indispensable for opportune start of treatment.
Tuning the peak position of subwavelength silica nanosphere broadband antireflection coatings
Authors: Tao Fei , Hiralal Pritesh , Ren Lianbing , Wang Yong , Dai Qing , Amaratunga Gehan AJ , Zhou Hang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSubwavelength nanostructures are considered as promising building blocks for antireflection and light trapping applications. In this study, we demonstrate excellent broadband antireflection effect from thin films of monolayer silica nanospheres with a diameter of 100 nm prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett method on glass substrates. With a single layer of compact silica nanosphere thin film coated on both sides of a glass, we achieved maximum transmittance of 99% at 560 nm. Furthermore, the optical transmission peak of the nanosphere thin films can be tuned over the UV-visible range by changing processing parameters during Langmuir-Blodgett deposition. The tunable optical transmission peaks of the Langmuir-Blodgett films were correlated with deposition parameters such as surface pressure, surfactant concentration, ageing of suspensions and annealing effect. Such peak-tunable broadband antireflection coating has wide applications in diversified industries such as solar cells, windows, displays and lenses.
I'll Be Gone, You'll Be Gone: Why American Employers Underinvest in Health
Authors: Greer Scott L. , Fannion Robert D. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
It has become increasingly common to hear a business case for wellness that emphasizes the benefits of having a healthy workforce. This is essentially the same as the case for employers to train their workers; training a worker and investing in the health of the worker both represent a productivity-enhancing investment in the worker by the firm. The problem is that the employer frequently fails to capture the returns on the investment. A healthier or better-skilled worker can command a higher wage and threaten to leave the firm making the investment. This risk of failing to capture the gains from investment produces underinvestment in skills and, by the same mechanism, should produce underinvestment in workforce wellness. We further divide wellness into positive and negative policies: Positive wellness is an investment, expenditure on the workforce in expectation of future increased returns, or perhaps better recruitment and retention. Negative wellness is an effort to reduce the wage bills associated with ill health with, for example, co-pays. Most stable and meaningful employer wellness programs are likely to be negative wellness programs that reduce the effective wages of the sick.
Spinal cord pathology is ameliorated by P2X7 antagonism in SOD1-G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Apolloni Savina , Amadio Susanna , Parisi Chiara , Matteucci Alessandra , Potenza Rosa Luisa , Armida Monica , Popoli Patrizia , D'Ambrosi Nadia , Volonté Cinzia 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In recent years there has been an increasing awareness on the role of P2X7 receptor for extracellular ATP in modulating physiopathological mechanisms in the CNS. In particular, P2X7 was shown to be implicated in neuropsychiatry, chronic pain, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation. Remarkably, P2X7 was shown to be a "gene modifier" in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): the receptor is up-regulated in spinal cord microglia in human and rat at advanced stages of the disease; in vitro, activation of P2X7 exacerbates pro-inflammatory responses in ALS-microglia, as well as toxicity towards neuronal cells. Despite this detrimental in vitro role of P2X7, in P2X7−/−/SOD1-G93A mice the clinical onset of ALS was significantly accelerated and disease progression worsened, thus indicating that the receptor might have some beneficial effects at least at certain stages of disease. In order to clarify this dual action of P2X7 in ALS pathogenesis, in the present work we used the antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG), a blood-brain barrier permeable and safe drug already proven to reduce neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, neuropathic pain and experimental autoimmune encephalitis. We tested BBG in SOD1-G93A ALS mouse model at asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic and late pre-symptomatic phases of disease. BBG at late pre-onset significantly enhances motoneuron survival and reduces microgliosis in lumbar spinal cord, modulating inflammatory markers such as NF-κB, NADPH oxidase 2, interleukin-1β, interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This is accompanied by delayed onset and improved general conditions and motor performance, in both male and female mice, although survival appears not affected. Our results prove the twofold role of P2X7 in the course of ALS, and establish that P2X7 modulation might represent a promising therapeutic strategy by interfering with the neuroinflammatory component of the disease.
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE): a DNA finger printing technique to study the genetic diversity of blood disease bacterium of banana
Authors: HADIWIYONO HADIWIYONO , WIDADA JAKA , SUBANDIYAH SITI , FEGAN MARK 
Published: July 2014

Hadiwiyono, Widada J, Subandiyah S, Fegan F (2011).Â Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE): a DNA finger printing technique to study the genetic diversity of blood disease bacterium of banana.Â iodiversitas 12: 12-16. Blood disease bacterium (BDB) is the mostÂ important pathogen of bananas in Indonesia. In some field, the disease incidence reaches over 80%. Epidemiologically, the disease isÂ similar to Moko disease in South America and Bugtok disease in the Philippines caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 2. However,Â BDB is different in phenotype and genotype from the two diseases. Previously BDB was limited in South Sulawesi since 1920s â€“ 1980sÂ and recently was reported in 27 of 30 provinces in Indonesia. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PEGE) is a genomic DNAÂ fingerprinting method, which employs rare cutting restriction endonucleases to digest genome prior to electrophoresis using specializedÂ condition to separate of large DNA fragments. The results showed that PFGE analysis was a discriminative tool to study the geneticÂ diversity of BDB. Based on the PFGE analysis, BDB isolates obtained from different localities in Yogyakarta and Central Java wereÂ quit diverse.
Dynamics of fish diversity across an environmental gradient in the Seribu Islands reefs off Jakarta
Authors: MADDUPPA HAWIS H. , SUBHAN BEGINER , SUPARYANI ENY , SIREGAR ACHIS M. , ARAFAT DONDY , TARIGAN SUKMARAHARJA A. , ALIMUDDIN ALIMUDDIN , KHAIRUDI DENNY , RAHMAWATI FADHILLAH , BRAHMANDITO ADITYA 
Published: July 2014

Madduppa HH, Subhan B, Suparyani E, Siregar AM, Arafat D, Tarigan SA, Alimuddin, Khairudi D, Rahmawati F, Bramandito A. 2013.Â Dynamics of fish diversity across an environmental gradient in the Seribu Islands reefs off Jakarta. Biodiversitas 14: 17-24. The reefs ofÂ Seribu Islands have been affected by multitude of anthropogenic pressures. However, the biodiversity of reef fishes across theÂ archipelago linked to environmental condition is poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the biodiversity and the trophic level ofÂ fish communities across the archipelago. The study on reef fish communities was conducted on 33 reef sites associated with islands orÂ shoal randomly chosen from each zone along environmental gradients from the inshore water nearest of Jakarta Bay to the offshoreÂ water of the outer islands. The study sites represented each sub-districts within the archipelago, namely Pari, Tidung, Panggang, Kelapa,Â and Harapan. A total of 46,263 individual fishes were counted, belonging to 216 species and 29 families. The multivariate analysis ofÂ fish abundance using the Bray Curtis similarity index and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) clearly showed the clustering ofÂ sub-districts, near and far from Jakarta Bay. The results showed that the sub-districts can be clustered into three groups. Group oneÂ consists of one sub-district (Pari) located in the southern part of the Seribu Islands near Jakarta Bay. Group two consists of three subdistricts (Tidung, Panggang, Kelapa)Â located in mid of the archipelago. The third group consists of one sub-district (Harapan) located inÂ the northern part of the Seribu Islands. Based on species richness and fish diversity indices, the sub-districts can be clustered into twoÂ groups (1 = Pari and Tidung, 2 = Panggang Kelapa, Harapan). However, levels of similarities among sub-districts varied. The fishÂ community in sub-district of Pari was dominated by carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous fishes, while those in the rest of subdistricts were dominated by omnivorous and carnivorous fishes. The present study results showed that the biodiversity of reef fishesÂ across the Seribu Islands seemed to be linked to the environmental conditions.
Proposing local trees diversity for rehabilitation of degraded lowland areas surrounding springs
Authors: SOEJONO SOEJONO , BUDIHARTA SUGENG , ARISOESILANINGSIH ENDANG 
Published: July 2014

Soejono, Budiharta S, Arisoesilaningsih E. 2013. Proposing local trees diversity for rehabilitation of degraded lowland areasÂ surrounding water spring. Biodiversitas 14: 37-42. This study was aimed to propose alternative trees diversity for rehabilitation ofÂ degraded lowland area surrounding spring. Data were collected by vegetation analysis of three sampling sites (1st Gajahrejo, 2nd Cowek, 3rdÂ Parerejo)Â to determine density, frequency, dominancy, diversity index and Important Value Index (IVI). The lists of plants in threeÂ sites were then compiled into an integrated list and used as reference for developing questionnaire. The questionnaire was thenÂ distributed to respondents who were chosen randomly. We recorded their preferences of tree species in rehabilitation program based onÂ socio-economical and ecological aspects. Selected species were then proposed as alternative plants for rehabilitation of degraded springÂ area based on landscape topography and remaining vegetation coverage. The results showed that species diversity of Moraceae familyÂ was the highest than other families. In term of ecological aspect, Ficus racemosa, Artocarpus elasticus, Bambusa blumeana,Â Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa atter, Ficus benjamina, Syzygium samarangense and Ficus virens showed high Important ValueÂ Index. On the other hand, based on socio-economic aspects, Ficus benjamina, Artocarpus elasticus, Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus altilisÂ â€œSeedlessâ€, Durio zibethinus, Ficus drupacea, Pangium edule, Ficus variegata, Michelia champaca, Aleurites moluccana and FicusÂ racemosa were the most preferred species by local community. Based on topography and vegetation coverage, spring surrounding areasÂ were classified into four: steep and open, flat and open, steep and dense, and flat and dense. Therefore among of 120 species found in allÂ sampling sites, there were respectively 63.3%, 95%, 25% and 44.16% species to be proposed and planted for rehabilitation in the fourÂ classified areas.
Observations on arbuscular mycorrhiza associated with important edible tuberous plants grown in wet evergreen forest in Assam, India
Authors: KUMAR RAJESH , TAPWAL ASHWANI , PANDEY SHAILESH , RISHI RAJA , BORAH DEVAPOD 
Published: July 2014

Kumar R, Tapwal A, Pandey S, Rishi R, Borah D. 2013. Observations on arbuscular mycorrhiza associated with important edibleÂ tuberous plants grown in wet evergreen forest in Assam, India. Biodiversitas 14: 67-72. Non-timber forest products constitute anÂ important source of livelihood for rural households from forest fringe communities across the world. Utilization of wild edible tuberÂ plants is an integral component of their culture. Mycorrhizal associations influence the establishment and production of tuber plantsÂ under field conditions. The aim of present study is to explore the diversity and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) colonization of wildÂ edible tuber plants grown in wet evergreen forest of Assam, India. A survey was conducted in 2009-10 in Sunaikuchi, Khulahat, andÂ Bura Mayong reserved forest of Morigaon district of Assam to determine the AMF spore population in rhizosphere soils and rootÂ colonization of 14 tuberous edible plants belonging to five families. The results revealed AMF colonization of all selected species in allÂ seasons. The percent colonization and spore count was less in summer, moderate in winter and highest in rainy season. SeventeenÂ species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were recorded in four genera viz. Acaulospora (7 species), Glomus (5 species), Sclerocystis (3 species) and Gigaspora (2 species).
Population dynamics of cuscus in tourist island of Ahe, District of Nabire, Papua
Authors: SINERY ANTON SILAS , BOER CHANDRADEWANA , FARIDA WARTIKA ROSA 
Published: July 2014

Sinery AS, Boer C, Farida WR.2013. Population dynamics of cuscus in tourist island of Ahe, District of Nabire, Papua. BiodiversitasÂ 14: 95-100. Cuscus is a pouched herbivorous mammal of the family Phalangeridae which is arboreal and nocturnal.. The animals areÂ protected by law because, in addition to having a low reproduction and limited distribution area, they face a very high level of hunting.Â Hunting in the wild by people is done not only in production forest areas but also in forest conservation areas such as recreational forestÂ of Table Mountain, Arfak Mountains Nature Reserve, and other places. Directly or indirectly, the hunting affects the quality of theÂ ecosystem in these areas, especially the cuscus population. Better management efforts are required in these areas to ensure the survivalÂ of many organisms in it, especially the cuscus. This study aimed to determine the cuscus population in Ahe Island, and the methodÂ applied was descriptive method using direct observation. The study was conducted in one month. The results demonstrate that cuscus in AheÂ Island consisted of common spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus)Â and eastern cuscus (Phalanger orientalis). The number of individualsÂ of S. maculatus was 24, consisting of 14 females and 10 males, whereas P. orientalis consisted of 2 individuals and both were males. TheÂ number of adult cuscus individuals was 16, while adolescents and children, were respectively 8 and 2. At least 10 plant species wereÂ identified as a source of feed for cuscus in Ahe Island recreation area. Plant parts consumed by cuscus were fruit and young leaves, butÂ based on level of need, most of the cuscus consumed fresh fruit because of its sweet taste and high water content that helps the digestive process.
Evolution of oviposition behavior in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) in Hyrcanian forests, North of Iran
Authors: HAJIZADEH GOODARZ , KAVOSI MOHAMMAD REZA , JALILVAND HAMID 
Published: July 2014

Hajizadeh G, Kavosi MR, Jalilvand H. 2013. Evolution of oviposition behavior in gypsy mothÂ (Lymantria dispar) in Hyrcanian forests, North of Iran. Biodiversitas 14: 101-105. Oviposition behavior has been introduced at the center of many of the major debates on theÂ ecology and evolution of interactions between insects and plants. The objective of this research was to determine the number of eggÂ masses gypsy moth in relation to diameter at breast height (dbh), egg placement, orientation and host tree species. Sampling was carriedÂ out in Daland national park, Gorgan province. By global position system (GPS) device using polygons with width of 20 m andÂ determined azimuth, defoliated trees were recorded. Data and means were compared using Duncan's multiple range tests. ResultsÂ showed that the diameter at breast height was not significantly affected by the number of egg masses. The effect of oviposition place onÂ number of egg masses gypsy moth were significant (P<0.01).Â The highest number of egg masses (2.148 egg masses/tree) was observedÂ at trunk of defoliated trees; also, minimum (1.65 egg masses/tree) occurred in branches of defoliated trees. The effects of ovipositionÂ orient were significant (P<0.05). The means comparison showed that the maximum rates of egg masses was occurred in the southÂ geographical position (2.04 egg masses/tree),Â the least of defoliation was related to the north direction (1.57 egg masses/tree). TheÂ primary host tree species was Persian iron wood (Parrotia persica). In finally, the selectivity of oviposition females may often provideÂ the initial basis for divergence of insect populations on to different plant species, and it may drive the evolution of some plant defenses.
Ethnobotanical study and nutrient content of local vegetables consumed in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: CHOTIMAH HASTIN E.N.C. , KRESNATITA SUSI , MIRANDA YULA 
Published: July 2014

Chotimah HENC, Kresnatita S, Miranda Y. 2013. Ethnobotanical study and nutrient content of local vegetables consumed inÂ Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 14: 106-111. People in Central Kalimantan consume vegetables collected from the wild orÂ traditionally cultivated. Documentation effort of them is very important because the diversity of local vegetables is threatened withÂ extinction due to the conversion of peat land and forest fires. This study aimed to determine the diversity of local vegetables in CentralÂ Kalimantan, its use as a vegetable and nutrient content of some vegetables. The method used was the exploration and interviews.Â Exploration was carried out in three districts, namely Palangkaraya, Pulang Pisau, and Seruyan. Sampling of plants was done randomlyÂ and selectively. Data analysis was performed descriptively. The results showed that we recorded 42 plant species belonging to 30Â families. There were many vegetables processing: stir-fry, make into clear soup, a light coconut milk soup, acidic soup, or justÂ consumed as fresh vegetables. Based on the nutritional value, Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook had a potential to be developed asÂ vegetables or medicinal plant. It had the highest protein, carbohydrate and minerals, namely P, Fe, Na and K among the vegetablesÂ analyzed.
Structure and spatial pattern of land uses patches in the Zagros Mountains region in the west of Iran
Authors: KARAMI ARASH , SEFIDI KIOMARS , FEGHHI JAHANGIR 
Published: July 2014

Karami A, Sefidi K, Feghhi J. 2014. Structure and spatial pattern of land uses patches in the Zagros Mountains region in the west ofÂ Iran. Biodiversitas 15: 53-59. Landscape ecology as a new interdisciplinary science, concepts, theories and methods provides forÂ evaluation and management of land. Quantification of landscape patterns has key role in the interpretation and modeling of spatial andÂ chronically variation of land uses. This study carried out in the Zagros vegetative region in the west of Iran to quantify structure andÂ spatial pattern of land uses and forest fragmentation in the Zagros Mountains region. The mosaic analysis method was used forÂ quantifying landscape metrics. Totally 2783 land use patches were recorded in the study area. The most of the patches were agriculturalÂ area and the lowest number of patches recorded for rivers. Diversity indices analysis showed agricultural land use has highest diversityÂ in comparing with other land uses. Rangeland use has distributed in the central region of the study area. Despite the high densityÂ agriculture and rangeland a lot of potentials there are two conversions this land as a sustainable ecosystem (forests, agricultureÂ integrated, and rangelands), that can be by applying as an appropriate method in management and control policies and convertingÂ artificial land uses to the natural or semi natural land uses according to the advantages of such land uses in view of sustainability. WeÂ conclude that fragmentation of natural land uses such forest and rangelands should be reducing and maintain large patches of naturalÂ vegetation to sustainable land management in this region.
Reaction and fractal description of soil bio-indicator to human disturbance in lowland forests of Iran
Authors: DARABI, SAKINEH MOLLAEI , KOOCH YAHYA , HOSSEINI SEYED MOHSEN 
Published: July 2014

Mollaei-Darabi S, Kooch Y, Hosseini SM. 2014. Reaction and fractal description of soil bio-indicator to human disturbance in lowlandÂ forests of Iran. Biodiversitas 15: 60-66. Earthworms are expected to be good bio-indicators for forest site quality. The deforestation ofÂ land into another function could changes the soil features that could effect on earthworm population. This study was conducted toÂ understand the changes of soil functions, resulting from exploitive management using some soil features and their fractal dimensions.Â Two sites were selected, consisting of an undisturbed forest site (DS) in lowland part of KhanikanÂ forests located in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. Within each site 50 soil samples were obtained from 0-30cm depth along twoÂ sampling lines with 250 meter length for each. Deforestation brought a lower soil quality in the sites under the study. Decreasing silt,Â clay, moisture, pH, carbon to nitrogen ratio, available Ca, earthworm density and biomass, increasing bulk density and sand were fewÂ outcomes of the deforestation. Except for clay, the deforestation affect on fractal dimension of soil features. The fractal dimension ofÂ bulk density, silt, moisture, pH, earthworm density and biomass were decreased imposed by deforestation. Our results suggest thatÂ deforestation should be regarded as an effective factor on variability of soil features that are tied to forest ecology. This is significant forÂ evaluating forest management policies and practices with respect to effects on soil and also for the use of soils as indicators, especiallyÂ earthworms as bio-indicator, of forest ecosystems.