bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the predictive value of doublecortin as a marker for adult neurogenesis in canaries (Serinus canaria)
Authors: Vellema Michiel , Hertel Moritz , Urbanus Susan L. , Van der Linden Annemie , Gahr Manfred 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTDoublecortin (DCX) is an important microtubule‐associated protein involved in the migration of young neurons into the cortical layers of the brain during early human development. The continued expression of DCX in brain areas with protracted neuron recruitment has promoted this endogenous protein as a popular indirect tool to monitor adult neurogenesis in a variety of species. However, little is known about its possible involvement in other cellular processes and a thorough validation of DCX as a quantitative measure for neurogenesis is generally lacking. Here we investigated the relationship between DCX expression and neuron recruitment in the brains of adult canaries (Serinus canaria), a species well‐known for its adult neurogenesis. We examined the age and functional state of DCX‐labeled cells by using mitotic and neuron‐specific markers, retrograde tracings, and immediate early gene colocalizations. Although DCX expression was high in brain areas implicated in adult neurogenesis, DCX‐expressing neurons were also abundant in regions that do not recruit new neurons. Moreover, DCX expression was observed in adult, active neurons, differentiated projection neurons, and birth‐dated neurons of up to 1 year of age. Season and testosterone treatment affected DCX expression in two song control nuclei, HVC and Area X, but did not correlate with known patterns of neuron recruitment. Together, these results demonstrate that DCX expression is not exclusive to young migrating neurons, and does not predict neuron recruitment equally throughout the canary brain. Therefore, DCX labeling needs careful validation for each brain region separately in each species analyzed when used to quantify adult neurogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1299–1315, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Approaching the Internet of things (IoT): a modelling, analysis and abstraction framework
Authors: Ikram Ahsan , Anjum Ashiq , Hill Richard , Antonopoulos Nick , Liu Lu , Sotiriadis Stelios 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe evolution of communication protocols, sensory hardware, mobile and pervasive devices, alongside social and cyber‐physical networks, has made the Internet of things (IoT) an interesting concept with inherent complexities as it is realised. Such complexities range from addressing mechanisms to information management and from communication protocols to presentation and interaction within the IoT. Although existing Internet and communication models can be extended to provide the basis for realising IoT, they may not be sufficiently capable to handle the new paradigms that IoT introduces, such as social communities, smart spaces, privacy and personalisation of devices and information, modelling and reasoning. With interaction models in IoT moving from the orthodox service consumption model, towards an interactive conversational model, nature‐inspired computational models appear to be candidate representations. Specifically, this research contests that the reactive and interactive nature of IoT makes chemical reaction‐inspired approaches particularly well suited to such requirements. This paper presents a chemical reaction‐inspired computational model using the concepts of graphs and reflection, which attempts to address the complexities associated with the visualisation, modelling, interaction, analysis and abstraction of information in the IoT. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tridiagonalization of a dense symmetric matrix on multiple GPUs and its application to symmetric eigenvalue problems
Authors: Yamazaki Ichitaro , Dong Tingxing , Solcà Raffaele , Tomov Stanimire , Dongarra Jack , Schulthess Thomas 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYFor software to fully exploit the computing power of emerging heterogeneous computers, not only must the required computational kernels be optimized for the specific hardware architectures but also an effective scheduling scheme is needed to utilize the available heterogeneous computational units and to hide the communication between them. As a case study, we develop a static scheduling scheme for the tridiagonalization of a symmetric dense matrix on multicore CPUs with multiple graphics processing units (GPUs) on a single compute node. We then parallelize and optimize the Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS)‐2 symmetric matrix‐vector multiplication, and the BLAS‐3 low rank symmetric matrix updates on the GPUs. We demonstrate the good scalability of these multi‐GPU BLAS kernels and the effectiveness of our scheduling scheme on twelve Intel Xeon processors and three NVIDIA GPUs. We then integrate our hybrid CPU‐GPU kernel into computational kernels at higher‐levels of software stacks, that is, a shared‐memory dense eigensolver and a distributed‐memory sparse eigensolver. Our experimental results show that our kernels greatly improve the performance of these higher‐level kernels, not only reducing the solution time but also enabling the solution of larger‐scale problems. Because such symmetric eigenvalue problems arise in many scientific and engineering simulations, our kernels could potentially lead to new scientific discoveries. Furthermore, these dense linear algebra algorithms present algorithmic characteristics that can be found in other algorithms. Hence, they are not only important computational kernels on their own but also useful testbeds to study the performance of the emerging computers and the effects of the various optimization techniques. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Assessment of Inhalational Fluroxene
Authors: Bravo Iván , Rodríguez Ana , Rodríguez Diana , Diaz‐de‐Mera Yolanda , Notario Alberto , Aranda Alfonso 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSmog chamber/gas chromatography techniques are used to investigate the atmospheric degradation of fluroxene, an anesthetic, through oxidation with OH and Cl radicals at 298 K and under atmospheric pressure of N2 or air. The measured rate constants (k) are: k(fluroxene+OH.)=(2.96±0.61)×10−11 and k(fluroxene+Cl.)=(1.62±0.19)×10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The only product detected after the oxidation of fluroxene with OH radicals is 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl formate (79 % and 83 % molar yield in the absence and presence of NOx, respectively). However, after oxidation with Cl radicals, the detected products are 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl formate (78 %), 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl‐1‐chloroacetate (5 %), and chloroacetaldehyde (4 %), in the absence of NOx, and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl formate (93 %), 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl‐1‐chloroacetate (6 %), and chloroacetaldehyde (5 %), in the presence of NOx. The results indicate that, both in the absence and presence of NOx, the main fate of fluroxene is the addition of the oxidant to the double bond and, once the alkoxy radical is formed, the main decomposition pathway is by means of degradation. Moreover, it is expected that 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl formate is the only oxidation product able to actively contribute to climate change. To successfully assess the contribution of fluroxene to global warming, we measure the infrared spectra of fluroxene and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl formate, and calculate the radiative efficiencies (REs) to be 0.27 and 0.28 W m−2 ppbv−1, respectively. In addition, the cumulative effect owing to the formation of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl formate is investigated, and the direct, indirect, and net global‐warming potentials are calculated by using the REs and lifetimes of fluroxene and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl formate.
Morphological Phase Diagram of Biocatalytically Active Ceria Nanostructures as a Function of Processing Variables and Their Properties
Authors: Sakthivel Tamilselvan , Das Soumen , Kumar Amit , Reid David L. , Gupta Ankur , Sayle Dean C. , Seal Sudipta 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe rationalize how fluorite‐structured CeO2, which is crystallographically isotropic, can grow anisotropically (without templates) to form nanoparticles, rods, and cubes. In particular, single‐crystalline and monodispersed cubic CeO2 nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanocubes have been selectively synthesized by a very simple, efficient, and economical hydrothermal process using different NaOH concentrations, and Ce(NO3)3 as the cerium precursor. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals nanomaterials with differently exposed crystal planes: {111} and {100} for nanoparticles, {110} and {100} for nanorods, and {100} for nanocubes. During the preparation of the CeO2 nanomaterials, the formation of intermediate anisotropic Ce(OH)3 species under basic conditions and their conversion into CeO2 at higher temperature are key factors responsible for the shape evolution. Atomistic computer simulations were used to help rationalize how the synthetic conditions impact upon the morphology of the nanomaterial. The synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles and nanorods demonstrate higher catalase mimetic activities than the nanocubes.
Patterns of Change in Different Phases of Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Stage‐Sequential Pattern Analysis of Change in Session Reports
Authors: Rubel Julian , Lutz Wolfgang , Schulte Dietmar 
Published: October 2013

Knowledge about typical change patterns of psychotherapy patients can help to improve treatment guidelines for psychological disorders. Recent studies showed that it is possible to identify several patient subgroups with regard to their early change pattern. However, although focusing on the early phase of treatment, change patterns in later stages have hardly been investigated yet. In this study, Growth Mixture Modelling was used to identify latent change classes in different phases of therapy in a naturalistic sample of 1229 psychotherapy outpatients. Furthermore, this paper inquired into the relation between the change patterns in different phases as well as their predictive power for therapy length and outcome. Results revealed different change patterns for the three investigated phases. While in an early treatment phase, (sessions one–six) five different change patterns could be identified: the number of change classes decreased considerably over time, resulting in three patterns in the second (sessions 7–12) and two in the third phase (sessions 13–18). In each phase, by far, the biggest class showed a pattern of good progress with small/no further improvements. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages

Most change in patients' progress estimates took place in an early phase of the treatment and levelled out on a relatively high level in later phases of the treatment.
Substantial improvements were still present in later phases of the treatment but occurred less frequent than in early stages.
Continuous outcome monitoring and feedback systems should integrate progress measures to monitor patients progress especially in the early phase of the treatment and feed the so gained information back to therapists.
‘I Divide Life into Different Dimensions, one Mental and one Physical, to be Able to Handle Life, you Know?’ Subjective Accounts of the Content of Psychotic Symptoms
Authors: Strand Jennifer , Olin Elisabeth , Tidefors Inga 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundPrevious research indicates that the content of psychotic symptoms is of significant importance for the individual who experiences them. However, there are limitations concerning the use of self‐report instruments for capturing experiences that are of highly personal nature. The aim of this study was to provide a deeper understanding of how individuals with psychosis make sense of the content of their psychotic symptoms.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 individuals, some of whom were experiencing active symptoms and some of whom had experienced symptoms within the last 12 months. The interviews explored the individuals' understanding of psychotic symptoms in terms of the content and the possible meaning of the content. All participants were patients at a unit specializing in psychosis. The study applied interpretive phenomenological analyses to highlight the subjective understanding of the content of psychotic symptoms.ResultsInterpersonal experiences were a consistent theme in participants' understanding of the content of their psychotic symptoms. Grandiose content was understood as being related to lack of relationships and helplessness, whereas harassing content was related to experiences of being abused. Commanding content was linked to emotional consequences of intrusive relationships and to distressing life events. Supportive content was viewed as a substitute for real‐life persons.ConclusionsThese results support previous findings suggesting that the content of psychotic symptoms is related to interpersonal experiences. The study highlights the importance of validating the patient's own knowledge and interpretations of symptoms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

All participants related a meaning to the content of their psychotic symptoms.
The participants generally linked the content of their symptoms to an absence of relationships or to relationships that were described as abusive or intrusive.
Participants who described the symptom content as helpful did not express a wish to be rid of these symptoms.
The interpersonal references for explaining symptoms support the use of therapeutic interventions that understand psychotic symptoms as reflections of real‐life experiences and relationships.
Stability of Amorphous Silica–Alumina in Hot Liquid Water
Authors: Hahn Maximilian W. , Copeland John R. , van Pelt Adam H. , Sievers Carsten 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHerein, the hydrothermal stability of amorphous silica–alumina (ASA) is investigated under conditions relevant for the catalytic conversion of biomass, namely in liquid water at 200 °C. The hydrothermal stability of ASA is much higher than that of pure silica or alumina. Interestingly, the synthetic procedure used plays a major role in its resultant stability: ASA prepared by cogelation (CG) lost its microporous structure, owing to hydrolysis of the siloxane bonds, but the resulting mesoporous material still had a considerable surface area. ASA prepared by deposition precipitation (DP) contained a silicon‐rich core and an aluminum‐rich shell. In hot liquid water, the latter structure was transformed into a layer of amorphous boehmite, which protected the particle from further hydrolysis. The surface area showed relatively minor changes during the transformation. Independent of the synthetic method used, the ASAs retained a considerable concentration of acid sites. The concentration of acid sites qualitatively followed the changes in surface area, but the changes were less pronounced. The performance of different ASAs for the hydrolysis of cellobiose into glucose is compared.
Field‐free, sheathless cell focusing in exponentially expanding hydrophoretic channels for microflow cytometry
Authors: Song Seungjeong , Choi Sungyoung 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCell focusing into a narrow stream is an essential step prior to counting and sorting cells in microfluidic devices for flow cytometry and cell sorting applications. Hydrodynamic focusing techniques, however, rely on the need for large volumes of sheath liquid and complex mechanical setup for flow control, preventing miniaturization of the systems. Although microfluidic methods based on active or passive particle control offer sheathless and efficient focusing, they often accompany fabrication complexities or bulky external setups, and operate in a certain range of flow rates. We present here a microfluidic device to focus cells into a narrow stream. The device employs hydrophoresis to guide cells by locally patterned slanted grooves, and channel expansion to improve focusing efficiency and produce a narrow stream of cells. This device principle allows easy improvement of focusing efficiency by adding more expansion steps. Adjusting channel expansion also ensures successful cell focusing without defocusing by inertial effects even at high Reynolds numbers. Using this device, we successfully produced a narrow stream of cells having size variation of >11% in a coefficient of variation (CV), achieving a narrow cell stream with a focusing variation below CV of 3.0%. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Spectrum defragmentation in flexgrid optical networks using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Ju Weiguo , Huang Shanguo , Xu ZhenZhen , Zhang Jie , Gu Wanyi 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYFlexgrid optical networking is an attractive solution for efficiently matching allocated bandwidth with link demand but suffers from inevitable spectrum fragmentation. Spectrum fragmentation impairs network performance and results in high blocking rate and low spectrum utilization efficiency. Therefore, an optimization mechanism handling spectrum fragmentation is of vital importance in flexgrid optical networks. In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm for solving the spectrum fragmentation problem with the objective of compacting occupation of the spectrum in flexgrid optical networks. A string of lightpaths are coded as the chromosome. The spectrum fusion degree and fragment fusion degree are introduced as the fitness functions to conduct the evolution in genetic algorithm, which can also be used to assess the degree of spectrum fragmentation in the network. As a result, the genetic algorithm provides a lightpath reconfiguration map, which identifies the candidate lightpaths to be reallocated, their reconfiguration sequence, and new locations. The proposed algorithm is compared with commonly used approaches under different network conditions. Simulation results demonstrate the ability of the proposed algorithm to efficiently solve the problem of spectrum defragmentation in flexgrid optical networks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dismissing child attachment and discordance for subjective and neuroendocrine responses to vulnerability
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , West Jessica L. , Weekes Nicole Y. , Crowley Michael J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that as with adults, dismissing children underreport their psychological distress relative to physiological indicators of their experience (startle response, neural signals). In this report, we extend these observations to neuroendocrine reactivity. One hundred and six 8–12‐year‐old children completed the Child Attachment Interview and a computer‐based paradigm comprised of vignettes reflecting vulnerability in interpersonal contexts. Dismissing children's cortisol responses remained comparable from pre‐to‐post paradigm, while secure children's cortisol responses decreased from pre‐to‐post paradigm. Furthermore, compared to secure children, dismissing children reported less distress than their cortisol response would suggest. Implications for dismissing children's coping and self‐regulation are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 584–591, 2014.
Effects of ethanol on social approach and 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalization production in adolescent male Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Willey Amanda R. , Spear Linda P. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTLow doses of ethanol have been shown to facilitate social behavior in adolescent rats. The present study sought to investigate whether this ethanol effect is associated with increases in the incentive salience of social stimuli when assessed via approach behavior toward a peer (separated from the experimental animal by a mesh barrier) and 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalization (USV) production in that context. A 0.5 g/kg ethanol dose was found to increase social approach/investigation of adolescent male Sprague‐Dawley rats during the first 5 min of the 10 min test whereas 50 kHz USV production was elevated by 0.25 g/kg during the last 5 min of testing. 50 kHz USV production and social approach were generally not correlated, indicating a clear dissociation between these measures. This is the first study to demonstrate that ethanol‐induced social facilitation in adolescents is associated with an ethanol‐induced increase in the incentive salience of social stimuli. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 857–863, 2014.
Dapagliflozin treatment for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Mei , Zhang Lin , Wu Bin , Song Haolan , An Zhenmei , Li Shuangqing 
Published: October 2013

AbstractContextType 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions and places a heavy burden on society. Dapagliflozin is a novel treatment choice for type 2 diabetes.ObjectiveA meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin treatment.Data SourcesMedline (via PubMed), Embase (via OVID) and the Cochrane Library (up to August 2012) were searched, and RCTs were collected.Study SelectionStudies included type 2 diabetic subjects, who had been treated with dapagliflozin, and recorded HbA1c as outcomes.Data ExtractionTwo reviewers independently assessed articles and study quality. Patient characteristics, interventions and outcomes were collected.Data SynthesisTen RCTs were included. Risk of bias for outcomes was low. Fixed or random effects models were used to pool the results. Dapagliflozin treatment was associated with a reduction in HbA1c [weighted mean difference (WMD): –0.53%; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.58% to −0.47%; p < 0.00001], fasting plasma glucose (WMD: −1.06 mmol/L; 95% CI: −1.20, −0.92; p < 0.00001), and body weight (WMD: −1.63 kg; 95% CI: −1.83, −1.43; p < 0.00001). Dapagliflozin monotherapy did not lead to hypoglycaemia [relative risk (RR): 1.44; 95% CI: 0. 86, 2.41; p = 0.17], although hypoglycaemic risk increased (RR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.29; p = 0.005) when dapagliflozin was combined with other hypoglycaemic drugs. Dapagliflozin increased urinary glucose excretion (WMD: 26.98; 95% CI: 21.72, 32.24; p < 0.00001) and was associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infections (RR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.60; p = 0.004) and genital tract infections (RR: 3.23; 95% CI: 2.50, 4.18; p = 0.00001).ConclusionsDapagliflozin appears to be an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes, although it may increase the risk of urinary tract infections and genital tract infections. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes: hype, hope and reality – a clinician's perspective
Authors: Zinger Adar , Leibowitz Gil 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe β‐cell replacement by islet transplantation is an attractive approach for normalizing blood glucose without hypoglycaemia in patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). A pioneer study by the Edmonton group more than a decade ago showed that alloislet transplantation may result in insulin independence for at least 1 year after transplantation. This breakthrough excited researchers, physicians and patients, who felt that the ultimate goal of cure for T1D was at hand. Longer follow‐up of patients who underwent islet transplantation showed less favourable results, with only approximately 10% of the patients remaining insulin‐free 5 years after transplantation. In the last few years, progress has been made, and the success rate of islet transplantation has steadily increased. Important hurdles, however, related to limited tissue supply and need for life‐long immunosuppressive drugs have yet to be overcome. Herein, we review recent achievements in islet transplantation and the challenges that still need to be addressed before this procedure can become a standard therapy for T1D. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.