bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between ganglioside GM1 and diosgenin in langmuir monolayers at the air/water interface
Authors: Hao Changchun , Zhang Lei , Sun Runguang , Yang Jing , He Guangxiao 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe interaction between ganglioside GM1 (GM1) and diosgenin (Dios) in mixed monolayers was investigated using surface pressure measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The miscibility and stability of the mixed monolayer was evaluated both in a qualitative and quantitative way in terms of the excess mean molecular area (ΔAex), excess Gibbs energy (ΔGex). The ΔAex of mixed GM1/Dios monolayer was found to have positive deviations from ideality at low Dios mole fractions (XDios = 0.2). Above XDios = 0.2, there was a marked negative deviation from ideal mixing, indicating attractive interaction between GM1 and Dios. According to the values of excess Gibbs energy of mixing monolayers, the more stable monolayers assayed was: XDios = 0.6. The compressibility coefficient was assessed at various surface pressures. The monolayer of Dios was more elasticity or rigid than GM1. The AFM images for the mixed monolayers at 30 mN/m indicated there was obvious phase separation in the mixed monolayers. These findings will provide useful information for understanding the interaction between drug and lipids. SCANNING 36:218–223, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Entwicklung von verklebten Holz‐Glaskonstruktionen, Bemessung und Anwendung
Authors: Hochhauser Werner , Winter Wolfgang , Fadai Alireza 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLastabtragende Verklebungen von Glas auf Metall haben sich beim Structural Sealant Glazing (SSG) z.B. im Fahrzeugbau bewährt. Das Bauwesen ist generell gegenüber tragenden Verklebungen skeptisch, hauptsächlich wegen des Langzeitverhaltens und wegen der Zwängungsspannungen, die bei Materialien mit unterschiedlichen Wärmedehnungen auftreten. Die Anwendungsregeln der ETAG 002 umfassen dazuhin keine Holzwerkstoffe, obwohl sich diese wegen der ähnlichen Wärmedehnungen von Glas und Holz gut eignen würden und im Fensterbau und im konstruktiven Holzbau genügend Erfahrungen mit tragenden Verklebungen vorliegen. In den letzten Jahren wurden Koppelrahmen aus Holzwerkstoffen entwickelt und getestet und es wurde versucht an die ETAG 002 angelehnte Qualitätskriterien und Bemessungsverfahren zu entwickeln. Diese werden im Überblick beschrieben und es wird kurz auf Fragen der Nachhaltigkeit eingegangenDevelopment of load bearing timber‐glass composites. Design and application. Structural sealant glazing is largely used in the automobile industry. The building sector is more reluctant mainly because of the long term behaviour and the stresses due to different thermic elongations of glass and metal profiles. Materials with comparable thermic elongations to glass as wood based profiles are not already included in the relevant technical guideline ETAG 002 but there exist considerable bonding experiences in the field of windows and structural applications. In the last years different types of wood based coupling frames had been developed and tested and quality criteria’s and design rules based on the ETAG 002 had been proposed. They are presented in an overview and aspects of sustainability are discussed.
Palacio de Comunicaciones ‐ frei geformtes Glasdach für das neue Rathaus in Madrid
Authors: Burkhardt Uwe , Schlaich Mike 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDas Rathaus von Madrid ist 2011 endgültig in das aufwändig sanierte Gebäude der ehemaligen Hauptpost, den sogenannten “Palacio de Comunicaciones“, umgezogen. Zu den Umbaumaßnahmen gehörte die vollständige Überdachung des ca. 3000 m2 großen Innenhofs mit einem leichten Glasdach. Die Überdachung wurde als einlagige, doppelt gekrümmte Stabgitterschale mit einer Hauptspannweite von etwa 45 m ausgeführt, was sie zu einer der weitgespanntesten ihrer Art macht. Die einzelnen Stäbe des Dreiecksrasters wurden miteinander verschraubt. Nur durch moderne CNC Fertigung konnten die hohen Anforderungen an die Genauigkeit erreicht werden, die für eine so schlanke Stabgitterschale nötig sind.Palacio de Comunicaciones ‐ a glass roof for the new town hall of Madrid. The city of Madrid moved its town hall into the completely renovated “Palacio de Comunicaciones” in 2011. A part of this renovation was the covering of the courtyard with a lightweight glass roof to improve its usability. The structure is a single layer grid shell with a surface area of about 3000 m2 and a main span of approx. 45 m which makes it to one of the widest spanning single layer glass grid shells. The bars that form the triangular grid shell are connected by bolted nodes. Two bolt layers assure sufficient bending resistance and lead to speedy erection without the need for prestressing. State‐of‐the‐art CNC techniques for preparing the nodes and bars allowed to achieve the precision needed for such a slender single‐layer grid shell.
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation on posterior alpha wave
Authors: Puanhvuan Dilok , Nojima Kazuhisa , Wongsawat Yodchanan , Iramina Keiji 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBecause of the unclear conclusion of the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects on the posterior electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha wave, this study is aimed at investigating these unclear effects. Transcranial stimulation effects are observed by analyzing a measured EEG at the occipital area between prestimulation and the poststimulation. The EEG alpha power and alpha coherence are calculated and analyzed in terms of the ratio between eyes closed and eyes open periods. The results reveal that alpha power ratio at the individual alpha frequency (IAF) significantly increases after the 1‐Hz rTMS and cathodal tDCS and slightly decreases after the anodal tDCS compared to the control and the sham conditions. The results also show that there is a significant difference between the inhibited and excited conditions. Similarities are observed in the patterns of the alpha coherence ratio and alpha power changes. The alpha coherence increases in the rTMS and cathodal tDCS conditions, and decreases in the anodal tDCS condition but these effects occur only when comparing across the hemispheres (O1–O2 and P3–P4). It can be summarized that the EEG alpha wave can be influenced by the transcranial stimulations. The rTMS and cathodal tDCS seem to facilitate the alpha activity and the anodal tDCS inhibits it. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How Do Wii Know: Anecdotal Records Go Digital
Authors: Bates C.C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAnecdotal records have long been used as a means of formative assessment. This article explores how traditional anecdotal records can be enhanced with digital technology. Using a portable device and one of many available note‐taking applications, teachers have the opportunity to create a richer picture of the student. Highlighted in this Teaching Tip is information on how to take digital notes, how to organize them to assist in making instructional decisions, and ways to use the app's embedded media options to document student learning.
Using maintenance options to maximize the benefits of prognostics for wind farms
Authors: Haddad G. , Sandborn P. A. , Pecht M. G. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTMany engineering systems incorporate prognostics and health management (PHM), which consists of technologies and methods to assess the reliability of a product in its actual life‐cycle conditions to determine the advent of failure and mitigate system risks. Wind turbines are among the systems that incorporate PHM to reduce life‐cycle costs and increase availability. Although cost–benefit models that quantify the value of implementing prognostics within systems exist for wind energy systems, they do not specifically quantify the value of decisions after a prognostic indication. This paper introduces maintenance options as a means to quantify the value of decisions after a prognostic indication. A case study on a US land‐based wind farm is discussed. An analysis of wind turbine maintenance data is presented, and the maintenance options methodology is then demonstrated to establish the value of the wait‐to‐maintain option. The value of waiting after a prognostic indication is determined using a model that quantifies the benefit that results from a PHM implementation that allows the decision maker to delay maintenance actions, thereby using the remaining life of the system components rather than throwing it away. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wind gust detection and load mitigation using artificial neural networks assisted control
Authors: Carcangiu C.E. , Pujana‐Arrese A. , Mendizabal A. , Pineda I. , Landaluze J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe design of a wind turbine implies the simulation of definite conditions as specified in the standards. Among those operational conditions, rare events such as extreme gusts or external faults are included, which may cause high structural loads. Such extreme design load cases usually drive the design of some of the main components of the wind turbine: tower, blades and mainframe. Two different strategies are hence presented to mitigate the loads, deriving from extreme load cases, on the basis of the detection of wind gusts by means of ad hoc synthesized artificial neural networks. This tool is embedded into the main control algorithm and allows it to detect the gust in advance, to anticipate the control reaction, and by doing so reducing extreme loads. One of the strategies performs a controlled stop when wind gust is detected. The other rides through wind gusts without stopping, i.e., without affecting the wind turbine normal operation. Aeroelastic simulations of the Alstom Wind's wind turbines using these techniques have shown significant reductions in the extreme loads for all standard IEC 61400‐1, edition 2 DLC 1.6 cases. In particular, the overall ultimate loads are largely reduced for blade root and tower base bending moments, with a direct impact on the structural design of those components. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe Postoperative Complications Adversely Affect Long‐Term Survival After R1 Resection for Pancreatic Head Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Petermann David , Demartines Nicolas , Schäfer Markus 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundSurvival after pancreatic head adenocarcinoma surgery is determined by tumor characteristics, resection margins, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Few studies have analyzed the long‐term impact of postoperative morbidity. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of postoperative complications on long‐term survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for cancer.MethodsOf 294 consecutive pancreatectomies performed between January 2000 and July 2011, a total of 101 pancreatic head resections for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Postoperative complications were classified on a five‐grade validated scale and were correlated with long‐term survival. Grade IIIb to IVb complications were defined as severe.ResultsPostoperative mortality and morbidity were 5 and 57 %, respectively. Severe postoperative complications occurred in 16 patients (16 %). Median overall survival was 1.4 years. Significant prognostic factors of survival were the N‐stage of the tumor (median survival 3.4 years for N0 vs. 1.3 years for N1, p = 0.018) and R status of the resection (median survival 1.6 years for R0 vs. 1.2 years for R1, p = 0.038). Median survival after severe postoperative complications was decreased from 1.9 to 1.2 years (p = 0.06). Median survival for N0 or N1 tumor or after R0 resection was not influenced by the occurrence and severity of complications, but patients with a R1 resection and severe complications showed a worsened median survival of 0.6 vs. 2.0 years without severe complications (p = 0.0005).ConclusionsPostoperative severe morbidity per se had no impact on long‐term survival except in patients with R1 tumor resection. These results suggest that severe complications after R1 resection predict poor outcome.
Characterizing the communication in the Amazon rainforest: towards a realistic simulation
Authors: Ribas Afonso D. , Carvalho Antonio R. , Figueiredo Carlos M. S. , Nakamura Eduardo F. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Many literature papers evaluate solutions in wireless sensor networks by simulation experiments. However, little attention is given to the adequacy of the simulator propagation models to the environment in which such solutions are employed. This can lead to imprecise or inconsistent results in relation to the real world. This paper presents a methodology for adjusting the parameters of these models. In particular, we present experimental results for rainforest environments, which can be the goal of many sensor networks monitoring applications. The impact of the proposed approach is shown by evaluating a localization solution. The results show that this procedure is necessary for a higher fidelity of simulation experiments.
Compactness properties of critical nonlinearities and nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Costa David G. , Marcos do Ó João , Tintarev K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe prove the compactness of critical Sobolev embeddings with applications to nonlinear singular Schrödinger equations and provide a unified treatment in dimensions N > 2 and N = 2, based on a somewhat unexpectedly broad array of parallel properties between spaces $\smash{\mathcal{D}^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)}$ and H10 of the unit disc. These properties include Leray inequality for N = 2 as a counterpart of Hardy inequality for N > 2, pointwise estimates by ground states r(2−N)/2 and $\smash{\sqrt{\log(1/r)}}$ of the respective Hardy-type inequalities, as well as compactness of the limiting Sobolev embeddings once the Sobolev norm is appended by a potential term whose growth at singularities exceeds that of the corresponding Hardy-type potential.
Arbitration as the Best Option for the Settlement of China-African Trade and Investment Disputes
Authors: Zhu Weidong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe effective resolution of trade disputes related to Sino-African investments will have a major impact on the development of trade and investment between China and African states. Arbitration is considered the best option for the settlement of disputes between China and African states as it offers unique benefits and is both suited to the current environment in African countries and accepted by Chinese and Africans. To make full use of this dispute settlement approach, the Chinese government should take active measures to promote the knowledge of arbitral legal systems in Africa among the Chinese businesses investing or trading locally. Beijing should encourage them to settle disputes with their African counterparts through arbitration. It is also important for Chinese companies to learn about arbitration laws in African states, and choose a favourable arbitral institution and proper arbitration seat.
Motivationale Veränderung von Grundschulkindern in Englisch, Deutsch und Mathematik im Immersions- und Regelunterricht
Authors: Zaunbauer Anna C. M. , Gebauer S. Kristina , Retelsdorf Jan , Möller Jens 
Published: April 2013

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Veränderung von Selbstkonzept und Interesse in der Grundschule. Dabei werden immersiv unterrichtete Kinder (englischsprachiger Unterricht in allen Fächern außer Deutsch) mit monolingual unterrichteten Kindern im Regelunterricht verglichen. Es wurde bei N = 590 Schülern (51.7 % immersiv) längsschnittlich von der zweiten bis zur vierten Jahrgangsstufe die Veränderung des Selbstkonzepts und des Interesses in den Domänen Englisch, Deutsch und Mathematik bei Kontrolle von Intelligenz, Geschlecht und Selbstkonzept/Interesse im ersten Schuljahr untersucht. Analysen von latenten Wachstumskurvenmodellen zeigen ein höheres Ausgangsniveau im Englischselbstkonzept bei immersiv unterrichteten Schülern. Für das Englischselbstkonzept lässt sich in beiden Gruppen eine identische Zunahme nachweisen. Das Deutsch- und Mathematikselbstkonzept sowie das Englisch-, Deutsch- und Mathematikinteresse unterscheiden sich nicht bedeutsam zwischen den Gruppen und erweisen sich als stabil über die Zeit. Die Ergebnisse sprechen gegen die Annahme, dass während der Grundschulzeit Verluste im Selbstkonzept und Interesse zu verzeichnen sind.
High‐ Versus Low‐Volume Polyethylene Glycol Plus Laxative Versus Sennosides for Colonoscopy Preparation in Children
Authors: Kierkus Jaroslaw , Horvath Andrea , Szychta Monika , Woynarowski Marek , Wegner Agnieszka , Wiernicka Anna , Dadalski Maciej , Teisseyre Mikolaj , Dziechciarz Piotr 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:Many protocols of bowel preparation are available for use in children; however, none of them is commonly accepted. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of high‐volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) versus low‐volume PEG combined with bisacodyl (BPEG) versus sennosides for colonoscopy preparation in children.Methods:Participants ages 10 to 18 years were randomly assigned to receive either PEG 60 or PEG 30 mL kg−1 day−1 plus oral bisacodyl 10 to 15 mg/day or sennosides 2 mg kg−1 day−1 for 2 days. A blinded assessment of bowel cleansing was made by the endoscopist according to the Aronchick and Ottawa scales. Patient acceptability was evaluated with the visual‐analog scale. Analysis was done on an available case analysis basis.Results:Of 240 patients enrolled in the study 234 patients were available for analysis of the efficacy of colon cleansing. There were no significant differences found among the 3 groups for the proportions of participants with excellent/good (PEG: 35/79, BPEG: 26/79, sennosides 25/76) and poor/inadequate (PEG: 20/79, BPEG: 28/79, sennosides 28/76) bowel preparation evaluated with the Aronchick scale and for the mean Ottawa total score (PEG: 5.47 ± 3.63, BPEG: 6.22 ± 3.3, sennosides: 6.18 ± 3.53). Acceptability of bowel cleansing protocol was similar in all of the groups (P = 0.8).Conclusions:All 3 cleansing methods showed similar efficacy and tolerability; however, none of them was satisfactory.
Immigration status and the salaries of Asian chemists in the United States
Authors: Broyles Philip A. , Schock Timothy 
Published: April 2013

PurposeIn this research, we examine the effects of immigration status on the Asian‐white wage gap of one STEM profession, chemistry. Asians chemists are classified into four groups based on immigration status: Native born Asian citizens, naturalized Asian citizens, Asian with permanent visas, and Asians with temporary visas.Design/methodology/approachData for this study were obtained from the American Chemical Society (ACS) 2010 census of its membership. Only white and Asian men and women were included in our sample. The final sample consisted of 12,705 male chemists and 4,233 women chemists working full‐time in industry.FindingsIt was found that the wage gap between Asians and whites increases with the recency of immigration. That is, the wage gap is larger for Asian immigrants with visas. The authors discuss the factors that may explain this wage gap.Research limitations/implicationsIt was not possible to distinguish Asians in the sample by nationality.Practical implicationsSocial policy cannot effectively address the inequities between Asians and whites without a better understanding of the impact of immigration.Originality/valueMost recent research on the Asian‐white earning gap examines immigration in the context of place of education. In this paper, the authors go beyond this practice by examining immigration in the context of citizenship status.
Socioeconomic development and fertility trends among the states of India
Authors: Brinker Gary , Amonker Robin 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between levels of socioeconomic development and subsequent trends in fertility among the states of India. Based on the Theory of Demographic Transition, this study tests the hypothesis: The higher the level of socioeconomic development in 1993, the greater the subsequent percentage of decrease in fertility rates between 1999 and 2006 among the states of India.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes Pearson'srcorrelation and linear multiple regression analysis on three National Family Health Surveys data to predict two measures of decline in fertility from socioeconomic indicators.FindingsThe findings support the theory of demographic transition in large measure revealing that the overall level of socioeconomic development is directly related to subsequent declines in fertility among the states of India.Research limitations/implicationsCorrelations between state‐wide indicators are based on sample data of which margins of error and response rates are unknown.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that the empowerment of women through education, employment opportunities and exposure to the mass media reduces fertility.Social implicationsPopulation control in India is extremely important for the future welfare of all of its society members.Originality/valueAlthough previous research has shown cross‐sectional correlations between fertility and socioeconomic development, this is the first time correlations between socioeconomic development and subsequent trends in fertility have been measured. This is methodologically important because Demographic Transition Theory hypothesizes a lag between modernization and fertility decline. Rather than correlating level of economic development with current fertility, this study correlates level of economic development with the subsequent dynamic changes in fertility.
Habits for a highly‐effective organization
Authors: by Gareth Bell Interview 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to provide an interview with FranklinCovey consultant Tomasin Magwood.Design/methodology/approachThe article takes the form of an interview.FindingsThe article discusses the various challenges HR managers are currently faced with, and how they can be overcome.Originality/valueThe interview offers insight for HR professionals on how to succeed in a challenging and changing environment.
Partnerships for health and wellbeing
Authors: Kingsnorth Rebecca 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThis article aims to consider the transfer of public health responsibilities to Local Authorities, and implications for promotion of health and wellbeing through partnership. The article describes findings of interviews with stakeholders in one London borough.Design/methodology/approachElements of the Partnership Assessment Tool (PAT) provided a framework for semi‐structured interviews.FindingsA limited history of successful partnership between health and social care was attributed to a focus on partnership structures over behaviours. Transfer of public health responsibilities to the Local Authority was seen as an opportunity to address the wider determinants of health, but a shared vision for health and wellbeing had not been articulated. There appeared to be an expectation that the public health team would operate in a network partnership model.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the PAT is presented as a complete tool, this project isolated elements of the tool to support development of the interview structure. The project did not include interviews with clinical members of the developing Clinical Commissioning Group, who may have different requirements of the public health function; this is an area for future research.Practical implicationsRecommendations are made to support effective integration of public health responsibilities into Local Authority functions.Originality/valueThis project provides a snapshot of preparations for the transfer of public health responsibilities to the Local Authority in one area. Relevant literature suggests that experiences in this area are not unique and findings and recommendations are likely to be applicable elsewhere.