bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of terbinafine after oral administration of a single dose to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)
Authors: Evans Erika E. , Emery Lee C. , Cox Sherry K. , Souza Marcy J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine pharmacokinetics after oral administration of a single dose of terbinafine hydrochloride to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).
Animals—6 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.
Procedures—A single dose of terbinafine hydrochloride (60 mg/kg) was administered orally to each bird, which was followed immediately by administration of a commercially available gavage feeding formula. Blood samples were collected at the time of drug administration (time 0) and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after drug administration. Plasma concentrations of terbinafine were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results—Data from 1 bird were discarded because of a possible error in the dose of drug administered. After oral administration of terbinafine, the maximum concentration for the remaining 5 fed birds ranged from 109 to 671 ng/mL, half-life ranged from 6 to 13.5 hours, and time to the maximum concentration ranged from 2 to 8 hours. No adverse effects were observed.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of the results indicated that oral administration of terbinafine at a dose of 60 mg/kg to Amazon parrots did not result in adverse effects and may be potentially of use in the treatment of aspergillosis. Additional studies are needed to determine treatment efficacy and safety.
Performance of a gravitational marrow separator, multidirectional bone marrow aspiration needle, and repeated bone marrow collections on the production of concentrated bone marrow and separation of mesenchymal stem cells in horses
Authors: Ishihara Akikazu , Helbig Holly J. , Sanchez-Hodge Rebekah B. , Wellman Maxey L. , Landrigan Matthew D. , Bertone Alicia L. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the efficiency of a novel point-of-care gravitational marrow separator and bone marrow aspiration needle for concentrated bone marrow production and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) separation and assess the effect of repeated bone marrow collections in horses.
Animals—8 healthy adult horses.
Procedures—Bone marrow aspiration was performed twice (1 month apart) from sternebral bodies with a standard or prototype multidirectional needle. Concentrated bone marrow was obtained by gravitational marrow separation and evaluated for WBC and platelet counts, automated and cytomorphologic cell differential counts, MSCs, and cell viability.
Results—Concentrated bone marrow samples obtained with the marrow separator had 5- to 19-fold bone marrow-derived MSC, WBC, and platelet counts, compared with original bone marrow samples. Use of a multidirectional needle increased the frequency of obtaining MSC-richer concentrated bone marrow. Repeating bone marrow aspiration at 1 month yielded greater MSC numbers but slightly lower cell viability after processing.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The gravitational bone marrow separator and multidirectional needle were used to effectively harvest bone marrow and improve the quality of concentrated bone marrow. Comparable, or even greater, numbers of bone marrow-derived MSCs were collected by repeated bone marrow aspiration after a 1-month interval from the same aspiration sites. Use of the marrow separator and multidirectional bone marrow aspiration needle can facilitate a 1-step, point-of-care, nonlaboratory method to obtain concentrated bone marrow as a mixture of bone marrow-derived MSCs and growth factors from platelets and plasma.
Effect of gluteus medius muscle sample collection depth on postprandial mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in mature Thoroughbred mares
Authors: Wagner Ashley L. , Urschel Kristine L. , Lefta Mellani , Esser Karyn A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of biopsy collection depth on the postprandial activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling factors, particularly protein kinase B, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, ribosomal protein S6, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 in middle-aged horses.
Animals—6 healthy Thoroughbred mares (mean ± SD age, 13.4 ± 3.4 years).
Procedures—Horses were fed a high-protein feed at 3 g/kg. Sixty minutes after horses were fed, the percutaneous needle biopsy technique was used to collect biopsy specimens from the gluteus medius muscle at 6, 8, and 10 cm below the surface of the skin. Muscle specimens were analyzed for the activation of upstream and downstream mTOR signaling factors, myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform composition, and amino acid concentrations.
Results—A 21% increase in MHC IIA isoform expression and a 21% decrease in MHC IIX isoform expression were identified as biopsy depth increased from 8 to 10 cm below the surface of the skin; however, no significant change was evident in the degree of MHC I expression with muscle depth. Biopsy depth had no significant effect on the phosphorylation of any of the mTOR signaling factors evaluated.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Postprandial mTOR signaling could be compared between middle-aged horses when biopsy specimens were collected between 6 and 10 cm below the surface of the skin. Optimization of muscle biopsy techniques for evaluating mTOR signaling in horses will facilitate the design of future investigations into the factors that regulate muscle mass in horses.
Assessment of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for use in evaluating the effects of dietary and environmental management on Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni)
Authors: Gramanzini Matteo , Di Girolamo Nicola , Gargiulo Sara , Greco Adelaide , Cocchia Natascia , Delogu Mauro , Rosapane Isabella , Liuzzi Raffaele , Selleri Paolo , Brunetti Arturo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To assess dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for evaluating effects of diet and environment on bone mineral density in Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni).
Animals—26 Hermann's tortoises within 1 month after hatching.
Procedures—Group 1 was housed in an artificial setting and fed naturally growing vegetation. Group 2 was housed in an artificial setting and fed vegetables grown for human consumption. Group 3 was maintained in an outside enclosure and fed naturally growing vegetation. After 10 months, pyramidal growth, body weight, and adverse conditions were assessed. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the axial and appendicular skeleton, shell, vertebral column, and pelvis was measured via DXA.
Results—Group 2 had the highest mean ± SD body weight (65.42 ± 30.85 g), followed by group 1 (51.08 ± 22.92 g) and group 3 (35.74 ± 7.13 g). Mean BMD of the shell varied significantly among groups (group 1, 0.05 ± 0.03 g/cm2•m; group 2, 0.09 ± 0.15 g/cm2•m; and group 3, undetectable). The BMD of the axial and appendicular skeleton, vertebral column, and pelvis did not differ significantly among groups. Pyramidal growth was highest in group 1 and not evident in group 3.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tortoises raised in artificial conditions did not have deficits in BMD, compared with results for outdoor-housed hibernating tortoises. Supplemental calcium was apparently not necessary when an adequate photothermal habitat and plant-based diet were provided. Higher BMD of captive-raised tortoises was morphologically associated with a higher incidence of pyramidal growth in captive-raised groups.
Epidemiology of Childhood Food Allergy
Authors: Dyer Ashley A. , Gupta Ruchi 
Published: May 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Understand the prevalence and severity of childhood food allergy in the United States.

2.
Describe the geographic distribution of childhood food allergy.

3.
Appreciate the economic impact of childhood food allergy on families and the US health care system.

Food allergy is a public health problem that affects nearly 6 million children in the United States. The extent to which children, families, and communities live with food allergies varies as much as the range of clinical symptoms associated with the disease itself. Food allergy is defined as the reproducible adverse event that elicits a pathologic immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated or non–IgE-mediated reaction. Once an allergic child ingests a specific food allergen, the reaction can result in clinical symptoms ranging from mild hives to life-threatening anaphylaxis.
Not surprisingly, food allergies have been shown to limit social interactions and impair children’s quality of life due to the ubiquity of food where children live, learn, and play. To ensure the safety of our children, the development of sound policy, clinical practice, and health programs must be informed by current research characterizing childhood food allergy at the population level. To set the stage for understanding the current evidence base, this article reviews: 1) epidemiology of childhood food allergy; 2) severity of symptoms; 3) geographic distribution of childhood food allergy; 4) tolerance; 5) economic impact of childhood food allergy; and 6) future directions in childhood food allergy epidemiological research.
Clinical Manifestations of Food Allergy
Authors: Perry Tamara T. , Pesek Robbie D. 
Published: May 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Recognize differences between immunologic and non-immunologic food reactions.

2.
Understand that immunologic food reactions can manifest as immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions, non–IgE-mediated reactions, or mixed IgE/non–IgE-mediated reactions.

3.
Recognize the clinical symptoms involved in adverse food reactions due to IgE-mediated, non–IgE-mediated, and mixed IgE/non–IgE-mediated mechanisms.

Adverse reactions to foods are a diverse group of clinical syndromes resulting from immunologic and non-immunologic responses to food ingestion. Symptoms can range from mild, self-limiting reactions to severe, life-threatening reactions depending on the mechanism. This review primarily focuses on the clinical manifestations of immunologically derived adverse food reactions or food allergies.
The true prevalence of food allergy is unknown. Up to 25% of the general population believes that they may be allergic to some food; however, the actual prevalence of food allergy diagnosed by a provider appears to be 1.5% to 2% of the adult population and approximately 6% to 8% of children. This discrepancy makes it imperative that clinicians are aware of the different food allergy syndromes. With a clear understanding of the clinical manifestations of food allergies, an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan can be formulated. Failing to do so may result in unnecessary dietary restrictions that may adversely affect nutritional status, growth, and quality of life.
Most food allergic reactions are secondary to a limited number of foods, and the most common foods causing allergic reactions in children include milk, egg, peanuts, tree nuts, and fish. In adolescents and adults, allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish are most prevalent. Food allergies can result from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated, non–IGE-mediated, or mixed IgE/non-IgE mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to discuss the clinical manifestations of each of these types of food allergy.
Maps Preserving Complementarity of Closed Subspaces of a Hilbert Space
Authors: Plevnik Lucijan , Šemrl Peter 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLet and be infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert spaces and Lat the lattice of all
closed subspaces oh . We describe the general form of pairs of bijective maps ϕ, Ψ : Lat → Lat having the property that for every pair U, V ∊ Lat we have . Then we reformulate this theorem as a description of bijective image equality and kernel equality preserving maps acting on bounded linear idempotent operators. Several known structural results for maps on idempotents are easy consequences.
The Role of Scleral Lens in Ectatic Corneas
Authors: Ortenberg Ilya , Behrman Shmuel 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Scleral contact lenses can manage in treatment of keratoconus and ectatic corneal diseases. This article will review history, fitting technique and future of scleral lenses.

How to cite this article
Ortenberg I, Behrman S. The Role of Scleral Lens in Ectatic Corneas. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2013;2(1):28-30.
Spontaneous Corneal Rupture One Week after Intrastromal Ring Segment Surgery
Authors: Valente Cristiana , Vaiano Agostino Salvatore , Benedetti Giacomo De , Perno Rosanna , Monte Gaudioso del , Caramello Guido 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To report a case of spontaneous (nontraumatic) rupture of the cornea 7 days after intrastromal ring segment surgery in a patient with pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD).

Methods
Case report.

Results
A 37-year-old African woman complains blurred vision, photophobia, foreign body sensation and redness in her left eye 7 days after an uneventful implantation of a Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) for PMD. Left eye examination revealed the rupture in the thinnest point of the cornea between the limbus and the implanted lower ICRS, and the iris prolapsed through the wound.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first documented spontaneous rupture of the thinnest point of the cornea in a patient with PMD treated successfully with the ICRS procedure. We examined the causes of this early and dramatic evolution and emphasize the importance of a careful follow-up.

How to cite this article
Vaiano AS, De Benedetti G, Perno R, del Monte G, Valente C, Caramello G. Spontaneous Corneal Rupture One Week after Intrastromal Ring Segment Surgery. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2013;2(1):43-46.
Anticoagulation after venous thromboembolism
Authors: Eichinger S. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryDeciding on the optimal duration of anticoagulation is based on the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and of bleeding during anticoagulation. The duration of anticoagulation should be at least three months since shorter courses double the recurrence rates.At three months anticoagulation can be stopped in patients with a VTE provoked by a transient risk factor, as the recurrence risk is expected to be lower than the bleeding risk during anticoagulation. Patients with unprovoked VTE are at higher risk of recurrence and prolonged anticoagulation is currently recommended.However, attempts are made to stratify these patients according to their recurrence risk and to identify those with a low recurrence risk who would not benefit from extended anticoagulation. Novel approaches to optimize the management of patients with unprovoked VTE are the use of prediction models which link clinical patient characteristics with laboratory testing to discriminate between patients with a low risk (who may discontinue anticoagulation) and those with high risk (in whom long term anticoagulation is justified). Moreover, new antithrombotic concepts including new oral anticoagulants or aspirin both of which potentially confer a lower bleeding risk and are more convenient for the patients have been explored for extended thromboprophylaxis.
Pregnancy in Upshaw-Schulman syndrome
Authors: Voigt A. , Schleussner E. , Schneppenheim R. , Budde U. , Beck J. F. , Stefanska-Windyga E. , Windyga J. , Kentouche K. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe Upshaw Schulman syndrome (MIM #274150) is a hereditary deficiency of the von Willebrand factor cleaving protease (ADAMTS13) due to homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ADAMTS13 gene. Patients are prone to bouts of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. However, disease manifestation needs a second trigger event. Pregnancy is a known risk factor for TTP. Patients with USS may manifest during pregnancy and the postpartum period or relapse with a TTP bout. Before plasma therapy mortality for both the mother and the fetus was high, but even nowadays when plasma is delivered, therapy is challenging, still bearing a high risk for miscarriage or long term sequelae for the mother.In this report on pregnancies in three mothers with USS, plasma therapy was increased in frequency and amount given with regard to platelet count or ADAMTS13 activity, thus leading to a successful outcome.
Sonographic Findings of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Involvement in the Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Pan Dai , Zhu Shang-Yong , Xu Yuan-Bing , Wu Ya-Fei , Lun Hai-Mei , Wei Yu-Ya 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the sonographic performance in pathologically proven cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its involvement in the parapharyngeal space.MethodsThe study included 58 patients being treated for suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma detected by routine nasopharyngoscopy who underwent pathologic biopsy. Sonography was performed immediately thereafter with a convex array transducer in both the B‐mode and color mode. Forty‐five of the 58 patients (90 parapharyngeal spaces) in whom nasopharyngeal carcinoma was proved by both sonography and pathologic biopsy underwent preradiotherapy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The sonographic findings were compared to the pathologic findings. The sonographic findings of parapharyngeal space involvement were correlated with the MRI findings.ResultsThe normal anatomy of the nasopharynx and parapharyngeal space, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and its relationship with the parapharyngeal space were well shown on sonography. The sensitivity of sonography for detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was 97.8%, and the specificity was 41.7%. The sonographic findings of parapharyngeal space involvement had a high degree of agreement with MRI (κ = 0.757; P < .001).ConclusionsThese promising initial data indicate that sonography may be a useful tool for diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma and defining the relationship between the tumor and the parapharyngeal space.
Effect of Low‐Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7–Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Nonunion Tissue‐Derived Cells In Vitro
Authors: Koga Takaaki , Lee Sang Yang , Niikura Takahiro , Koh Akihiro , Dogaki Yoshihiro , Okumachi Etsuko , Akisue Toshihiro , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kurosaka Masahiro 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesLow‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (US) has been shown to have positive effects on the healing of nonunions, and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP‐7) is known to be a strong stimulator of osteogenic differentiation. Recently, we showed that nonunion tissue contains multilineage mesenchymal progenitor cells, suggesting that nonunion tissue–derived cells may play an important role during the healing process of nonunions. In this study, we investigated whether low‐intensity pulsed US promoted BMP‐7–induced osteogenic differentiation of nonunion tissue–derived cells in vitro.MethodsNonunion tissue–derived cells were isolated from 7 patients. The cells were divided into two groups: (1) BMP‐7 alone, consisting of nonunion tissue–derived cells cultured in osteogenic medium containing BMP‐7 without low‐intensity pulsed US treatment; and (2) BMP‐7 + low‐intensity pulsed US, consisting of nonunion tissue–derived cells cultured in osteogenic medium containing BMP‐7 with low‐intensity pulsed US treatment. The osteogenic differentiation potential and proliferation of nonunion tissue–derived cells were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe alkaline phosphatase activity, gene expression levels of alkaline phosphatase and runt‐related transcription factor 2, and mineralization were higher in the BMP‐7 + low‐intensity pulsed US group than in the BMP‐7–alone group. There was no significant difference in cell proliferation between the two groups.ConclusionsThese findings show a significant effect of low‐intensity pulsed US on the osteogenic differentiation of nonunion tissue–derived cells induced by BMP‐7. This study may provide substantial evidence for the clinical combined application of BMP‐7 and low‐intensity pulsed US for nonunion treatment.
Three‐Dimensional Sonography for Diagnosis of Rectovaginal Septum Endometriosis
Authors: Pascual Maria Angela , Guerriero Stefano , Hereter Lourdes , Barri-Soldevila Pedro , Ajossa Silvia , Graupera Betlem , Rodriguez Ignacio 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the interobserver agreement for diagnosis of deep endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum using introital 3‐dimensional (3D) sonography.MethodsTwo experienced observers (observers A and B) performed a retrospective review of stored 3D sonographic volumes from a sample of 84 consecutive patients with a clinical suspicion of endometriosis. Each observer, independently and blinded to each other, evaluated the presence or absence of involvement of the rectovaginal septum. When no lesion was seen, the observers were asked to judge whether the acquisition of the volume was suboptimal for interpretation or whether no lesion on the rectovaginal septum was detectable. One inadequate acquisition case was discarded; a total of 83 cases were evaluated. To calculate the performance of introital 3D sonography, 7 discordant cases were reviewed by a third observer. Interobserver agreement was assessed by calculating the κ index, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the 3 observers were also determined.ResultsInterobserver agreement was 0.816 (95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.93), representing very good agreement. Sensitivity was 74.1%; specificity, 85.7%; positive predictive value, 71.4%; and negative predictive value, 87.3%.ConclusionsOur results show that introital 3D sonography for diagnosis of deep endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum is reproducible, with very good interobserver agreement.
Imaging Analysis of Cervical Elastography for Prediction of Successful Induction of Labor at Term
Authors: Hwang Han Sung , Sohn In Sook , Kwon Han Sung 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the value of imaging analysis of cervical elastography to predict successful induction of labor in nulliparous women at term.MethodsSuccessful labor induction was defined as onset of active labor within 9 hours or delivery within 24 hours. The Bishop score, cervical length, and cervical elastographic parameters, including cervical area, mean elastographic index, and cervical hard area, were measured and analyzed by the image analyzer.ResultsThe areas under the curves for the cervical length, cervical area, Bishop score, mean elastographic index, and cervical hard area were 0.63, 0.64, 0.47, 0.68, and 0.70, respectively, for onset of active labor within 9 hours and 0.70, 0.68, 0.63, 0.71, and 0.76 for delivery within 24 hours. The combination of cervical length and elastographic data was more predictable for successful labor induction (P < .05).ConclusionsImaging analysis of cervical elastography is available to predict successful induction of labor.
Adolescent disclosure and concealment: Longitudinal and concurrent associations with aggression
Authors: Leavitt Chelom E. , Nelson David A. , Coyne Sarah M. , Hart Craig H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis longitudinal study assessed the association between prior (preschool) and concurrent physical and relational aggression as they relate to Russian adolescents' disclosure and concealment patterns with their parents. In the initial preschool study, there were 106 boys and 106 girls (mean age = 60.24 months, SD = 7.81). Both peer nominations and teacher ratings of aggression were obtained for these children. Ten years later, the majority of these children (72.2%;n = 153) completed a longitudinal follow‐up battery of assessments. Included in these measures was a self‐reported measure of aggression as well as an assessment of the extent to which these adolescents disclosed to and concealed information from their parents. Separate models were estimated by gender of child for the 153 children who participated in both Time 1 and Time 2 data collections. Preschool physical aggression proved an important longitudinal predictor of adolescent disclosure and concealment for girls. Concurrently, self‐rated relational aggression was also significantly associated with concealment for both boys and girls. Aggr. Behav. 39:335–345, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.