bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colour in a new light: a spectral perspective on the quantitative genetics of carotenoid colouration
Authors: Evans Simon R. , Sheldon Ben C. 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Carotenoid‐based colours are model traits for research on animal signalling and sexual selection but, whereas the consequences of variable expression have been extensively studied, its causes are rarely quantified. This issue is complicated by the composite nature of carotenoid‐based colour patches, which combine pigments and a reflective background. Ultimately, the evolution of such colours will be determined by the processes that govern variable expression of these mechanisms.

We present a novel approach to assessing the quantitative genetics of colour expression, in which reflectance spectra are analysed directly, thereby avoiding the data loss and inherent subjectivity of summary colour variables. Further, the influence of the component mechanisms can be distinguished in spectral analyses due to their contrasting wavelength‐dependencies.

Using data from a 6‐year study of carotenoid‐based plumage reflectance in wild great tits (Parus major), we employ a multi‐parallel ‘animal modelling’ approach to estimate sources of variance for narrow (2 nm) wavebands across the visible spectrum.

Moderate heritability estimates were limited to the violet‐blue region of the spectrum, diagnostic of the carotenoid content of plumage being heritable. The natal environment effect was limited entirely to the violet‐blue, again indicating that it relates to variation in carotenoid content of feathers. Other wavelengths were sensitive to annual and permanent environmental variation but only marginally influenced by additive genetic variation. Hence, background reflectance is the component that is more sensitive to the environment.

Analysing reflectance spectra directly provided an objective perspective of the dynamics of colour expression that is not apparent when relying on summary colour scores. In this case, our results suggest that carotenoid deposition may be an effective target of selection and hence could explain the important role carotenoids frequently play in intraspecific signalling.
Specific detection of the floodwater mosquitoes Aedes sticticus and Aedes vexans DNA in predatory diving beetles
Authors: Vinnersten Thomas Z. Persson , Halvarsson Peter , Lundström Jan O. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFloodwater mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are associated with periodically flooded wet meadows, marshes, and swamps in floodplains of major rivers worldwide, and their larvae are abundant in the shallow parts of flooded areas. The nuisance caused by the blood‐seeking adult female mosquitoes motivates mosquito control. Larviciding with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis is considered the most environmentally safe method. However, some concern has been raised whether aquatic predatory insects could be indirectly affected by this reduction in a potential vital prey. Top predators in the temporary wetlands in the River Dalälven floodplains are diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), and Aedes sticticus and Ae. vexans are the target species for mosquito control. For detailed studies on this aquatic predator–prey system, we developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detection of mosquito DNA in the guts of medium‐sized diving beetles. Primers were designed for amplifying short mitochondrial DNA fragments of the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in Ae. sticticus and Ae. vexans, respectively. Primer specificity was confirmed and half‐life detectability of Ae. sticticus DNA in diving beetle guts was derived from a feeding and digestion experiment. The Ae. sticticus DNA within diving beetle guts was detected up to 12 h postfeeding, and half‐life detectability was estimated to 5.6 h. In addition, field caught diving beetles were screened for Ae. sticticus and Ae. vexans DNA and in 14% of the diving beetles one or both mosquito species were detected, showing that these mosquito species are utilized as food by the diving beetles.
Efficient Extraction of Olive Pulp and Stone Proteins by using an Enzyme‐Assisted Method
Authors: Vergara‐Barberán María , Lerma‐García María Jesús , Herrero‐Martínez José Manuel , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto Francisco 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAn efficient protein extraction protocol for proteins from olive pulp and stone by using enzymes was developed. For this purpose, different parameters that affect the extraction process, such as enzyme type and content, pH, and extraction temperature and time, were tested. The influence of these factors on protein recovery was examined using the standard Bradford assay, while the extracted proteins were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate‑polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). The best extraction conditions were achieved at pH 7.0 and 5% (v/v) Palatase® 20000 L (lipase) for pulp and Lecitase® Ultra (phospholipase) for stone proteins. The optimal extraction temperature and time were 30 and 40 °C for 15 min for pulp and stone tissues, respectively. Under these conditions, several protein extracts coming from olive fruits of different genetic variety were analyzed, their profiles being compared by SDS‐PAGE. The developed enzyme‐assisted extraction method showed faster extraction, higher recovery, and reduced solvent usage than the nonenzymatic methods previously described in the literature. In the case of stone proteins, different electrophoretic profiles and band intensities were obtained that could be helpful to distinguish samples according to their genetic variety.
Development of High‐Performance Liquid Chromatographic for Quality and Authenticity Control of Chinese Propolis
Authors: Cui‐ping Zhang , Shuai Huang , Wen‐ting Wei , Shun Ping , Xiao‐ge Shen , Ya‐jing Li , Fu‐liang Hu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA RP‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for quality control of Chinese propolis by simultaneous analysis of 12 flavonoids and 8 phenolic acids. The results showed that vanillic acid, rutin, myricetin, and luteolin were not detected in all of the analyzed propolis and poplar tree gum samples. The caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p‐coumaric acid were not detected in poplar tree gum but were detected in propolis, which suggest that they are practical indexes of distinguishing propolis from poplar tree gum. The flavonoid profiles of poplar tree gum were found to be similar to those of propolis, which are dominated by pinobanksin, pinocembrin, 3‐O‐acetylpinobanksin, chrysin, and galangin. Therefore, the proposed method could be applied to exclude poplar tree gum from propolis with cafferic acid, ferulic acid, and p‐coumaric acid as qualitative markers, and distinguish poplar source resin from other illegal substances, and evaluate the quality grading of poplar‐type propolis with pinobanksin, pinocembrin, 3‐O‐acetylpinobanksin, chrysin, and galangin as qualitative and quantitative markers.
Complementary substrate‐selectivity of metabolic adaptive convergence in the lignocellulolytic performance by Dichomitus squalens
Authors: Bak Jin Seop 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe lignocellulolytic platform of the wood‐decaying organism Dichomitus squalens is important for production of biodegradable elements; however, the system has not yet been fully characterized. In this study, using statistical target optimization, we analysed substrate selectivity based on a variety of D. squalens metabolic pathways using combined omics tools. As compared with the alkali‐lignin (AL) programme, the rice straw (RS) programme has the advantage of multilayered signalling to regulate cellulolytic‐related genes or to connect their pathways. The spontaneous instability of the AL programme was accelerated by harsh starvation as compared with that of the RS programme. Therefore, the AL programme converged on cellular maintenance much easier and more rapidly. However, regardless of external substrate/concentration type, the compensatory pattern of the major targets (especially peroxidases and growth regulators) was similar, functioning to maintain cellular homeostasis. Interestingly, ligninolytic‐mediated targets under non‐kaleidoscopic conditions were induced by a substrate‐input‐control, and especially this mechanism had an important effect on the early stages of the biodegradation process. This optimized target analysis could be used to understand lignocellulolytic network and to improve downstream efficiency.
Ring‐Hydroxylating Oxygenase database: a database of bacterial aromatic ring‐hydroxylating oxygenases in the management of bioremediation and biocatalysis of aromatic compounds
Authors: Chakraborty Joydeep , Jana Tanmoy , Saha Sudipto , Dutta Tapan K. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryBacterial Rieske‐type aromatic ring‐hydroxylating oxygenases (RHOs) constitute a large family of enzymes, primarily involved in bioremediation of diverse aromatic compounds in the environment. In the present study, we have designed a manually curated database, Ring‐Hydroxylating Oxygenase database (RHObase), which provides comprehensive information on all biochemically characterized bacterial RHOs. It consists of ∼ 1000 entries including 196 oxygenase α‐subunits, 153 oxygenase β‐subunits, 92 ferredoxins and 110 reductases, distributed among 131 different bacterial strains implementing a total of 318 oxygenation reactions. For each protein, users can get detailed information about its structure and conserved domain(s) with motif signature. RHObase allows users to search a query, based on organism, oxygenase, substrate, or protein structure. In addition, this resource provides analysis tools to perform blast search against RHObase for prediction of putative substrate(s) for the query oxygenase and its phylogenetic affiliation. Furthermore, there is an integrated cheminformatics tool to search for structurally similar compound(s) in the database vis‐a‐vis RHO(s) capable of transforming those compound(s). Resources in the RHObase and multiple search/display options therein are intended to provide oxygenase‐related requisite information to researchers, especially working in the field of environmental microbiology and biocatalysis to attain difficult chemistry of biotechnological importance.
Genetic and environmental regulation of plant architectural traits and opportunities for pest control in raspberry
Authors: Graham J. , Hackett C.A. , Smith K. , Karley A.J. , Mitchell C. , Roberts H. , O'Neill T. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPart of the reason for the under‐exploitation of physical resistance traits in plant breeding is that the genetic basis and heritability of these traits is poorly characterised, and any associations of particular traits with pest and disease resistances have yet to be determined. In raspberry, some associations between architectural traits and disease resistances have been demonstrated, for example cane hairs and resistance to cane diseases. The aim of this work is to examine a range of traits, including leaf trichomes, leaf density, cane density, bush density, lateral length and lateral numbers, to determine the heritability and therefore breeding potential of these traits. The effect of these traits against aphids and spider mites, two important pests in raspberry, was examined. Chromosomal regions with candidate genes regulating these traits were identified as the first step to understanding the genetic control.
Medical care and organisation at the 2012 Roskilde Music Festival: a prospective observational study
Authors: STAGELUND S. , JANS Ø. , NIELSEN K. , JANS H. , WILDGAARD K. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundMusic festivals, with a mix of music, alcohol and camping at the festival site combined with low hygiene, have become an integral part of society and attracts large numbers of guests. Our study was performed in order to increase the very limited knowledge on health‐care issues and organisation of major music festivals.MethodPre‐defined illness and injury categories were constructed based on categories previously reported from music festivals. We prospectively recorded patient presentations to the Medical Health Care Organisation (MHCO) at the 2012 Roskilde Festival.ResultsDuring 10 days, more than 130,000 guests and volunteers attended the 2012 Roskilde Festival. Ten thousand six hundred thirty patient presentations were registered between the 30th of June and 9th of July 2012 by the MHCO. The majority of patient presentations, 6919, could be handled by first‐aid volunteers with different levels of training. The remaining 3473 patient presentations were assessed to require further health‐care competencies or additional resources such as prescriptions, medication or suturing. Two hundred thirty‐eight patient presentations were triaged to a designated observation area. Two hundred sixty patients were referred to a local hospital, a general practitioner or a dentist. The overall patient presentation rate was 72/1000 attendees, and the transport‐to‐hospital rate was 1.8/1000 attendees.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that illnesses and injuries are frequent, although mostly minor, in this normally low‐risk population consisting of primarily young and healthy guests. However, comparison with other recent events was difficult as only limited data have been published from other music festivals. Future festivals should publish similar data.
Mild cognitive impairment diagnosed with the new DSM‐5 criteria: prevalence and associations with non‐cognitive psychopathology
Authors: Lopez‐Anton R. , Santabárbara J. , De‐la‐Cámara C. , Gracia‐García P. , Lobo E. , Marcos G. , Pirez G. , Saz P. , Haro J. M. , Rodríguez‐Mañas L. , Modrego P. J. , Dewey M. E. , Lobo A. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo contrast the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as diagnosed using DSM‐5 criteria (DSM5‐MCI) with MCI as diagnosed using Petersen's criteria (P‐MCI) and to explore the association of both with non‐cognitive psychopathological symptoms (NCPS).MethodA two‐phase epidemiological screening was implemented in a population‐based sample of individuals aged 55+ (n = 4803). The Geriatric Mental State (GMS) was the main psychopathological instrument used, and AGECAT was used to make psychiatric diagnoses. Research psychiatrists diagnosed DSM5‐MCI and P‐MCI using operational criteria. Logistic regression models were then used to investigate the association of MCI with anxiety and depression and with NCPS.ResultsWeighted prevalence of DSM5‐MCI and P‐MCI was, respectively, 3.72% and 7.93% for the aged 65+. NCPS were common in both MCI categories, but negative‐type symptoms such as ‘anergia’ and ‘observed slowness’ were considerably more frequent among persons with DSM5‐MCI. Anxiety and depression diagnostic categories were associated with both P‐MCI and DSM5‐MCI, but affective‐type symptoms were mainly associated with P‐MCI. Some negative‐type symptoms were inversely associated with P‐MCI, and no association was observed with DSM5‐MCI.ConclusionThe prevalence of DSM5‐MCI was half that of P‐MCI. Negative‐type NCPS were more frequently and typically associated with DSM5‐MCI.
Estimating occupancy using spatially and temporally replicated snow surveys
Authors: Whittington J. , Heuer K. , Hunt B. , Hebblewhite M. , Lukacs P. M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOccupancy modelling is increasingly used to monitor changes in the spatial distribution of rare and threatened species. Occupancy methods have traditionally relied upon temporally replicated surveys to estimate detection probability. Recently, occupancy models with spatial replication have been used to estimate detection probabilities over large geographical areas that are difficult to survey repeatedly. We developed occupancy models that combine spatially and temporally replicated data and applied them to snow‐tracking surveys of six species, including wolverine Gulo gulo and Canadian lynx Lynx canadensis. We surveyed thirty‐nine 100‐km2 cells and used 1‐km trail segments within cells as spatial replicates. We surveyed 56% of the cells once and 44% of the cells between 2 and 14 times, resulting in a total of 872 km surveyed. We compared four occupancy models that incorporated spatial correlation in detection probability and hierarchically estimated occupancy at two spatial scales: cell occupancy and segment presence. We detected strong serial correlation in probability of detection for all species. Our models with serial correlation had higher occupancy estimates with larger confidence intervals than models assuming segments were independent and exchangeable. Spatial and temporal replicates have identical power to detect decreases in occupancy when survey segments are independent, but spatial correlation in detection probability can reduce the power of spatial replicates. The effects of spatial correlation are more pronounced when detection probability is low. Application of temporal replicates to spatial replicated surveys increases the precision of occupancy estimates, but sampling design trade‐offs between number of sites and spatial versus temporal replicates need to balance levels of spatial correlation in detection probability with costs to visit sites.
Prevalence and risk factors for retinopathy in persons without diabetes: the Singapore Indian Eye Study
Authors: Bhargava Mayuri , Cheung Carol Yim‐lui , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Huang Lei , Lamoureux Ecosse L. , Wang Jie Jin , Tai E.‐S. , Heng C.‐K. , Ikram Mohammad Kamran , Mitchell Paul , Wong Tien Yin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeTo describe prevalence and risk factors for retinopathy in an Asian Indian population without diabetes.MethodsA population‐based cross‐sectional study of 3400 Indians aged 40–80 years residing in Singapore was conducted. Retinopathy was assessed from retinal photographs by trained graders using modified Airlie House Classification System. Risk factors were assessed from standardized interviews, clinical examinations and laboratory investigations. Diabetes mellitus was defined as glycosylated haemoglobin ≥6.5%, use of diabetic medication or physician diagnosis of diabetes.ResultsAmong the 1900 individuals without diabetes, mean HbA1c was 5.7% and mean systolic blood pressure was 132.4 mmHg. Age‐standardized prevalence of retinopathy was 5.05% (n = 98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.07–6.21), with no significant difference in retinopathy prevalence between males (6.15%) and females (4.13%). Among non‐diabetic persons with retinopathy, 96.9% (n = 95) had signs of minimal‐to‐mild retinopathy while 3.06% (n = 3) had moderate‐to‐severe retinopathy. After adjusting for multiple covariables, retinopathy signs were associated with higher levels of HbA1c (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3–4.5; per% increase), systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.03; per mmHg increase) and serum creatinine (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.002–1.009; per mm increase), but not C‐reactive protein, cigarette smoking or lipid levels.ConclusionOne in 20 Asian Indian persons without diabetes had retinopathy signs. Risk factors for these signs include higher glycosylated haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure and serum creatinine.
Magnetic resonance imaging in zirconia‐based dental implantology
Authors: Duttenhoefer Fabian , Mertens Marianne E. , Vizkelety Josef , Gremse Felix , Stadelmann Vincent A. , Sauerbier Sebastian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectivesX‐ray‐based planning and post‐implantation assessment of titanium implants is the commonly accepted standard to date. However, new implant materials such as zirconia (ZrO2) have become available, and magnetic resonance imaging may be a valuable alternative with these implants. The present in vitro study investigated artifacts produced by titanium and zirconia implants in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and assessed the accuracy of pre‐implant planning and post‐implantation assessment comparing MRI to standard X‐ray‐based imaging modalities: Orthopantomogram (OPT), cone beam (CBCT), and computed tomography (CT).Materials and methodsTwelve porcine mandibles were prepared and scanned (MRI, OPT, CBCT, μCT), and bone height above the nerve canal was measured. Specimens were implanted with either two titanium or zirconia implants and rescanned to investigate the influence of implant materials on post‐implantation assessment. MRI and μCT artifacts were quantified with implants embedded in gelatin phantoms and porcine specimens.ResultsCompared with CBCT set as standard, μCT, OPT, and MRI showed similar accuracy in pre‐op bone height measurements. Post‐implantation, while titanium implants induced a strong B0‐field distortion resulting in extensive signal voids, zirconia implants were clearly depictable with only minor distortions.ConclusionsExcellent contrast, limited artifacts, radiation‐free and accurate implant assessment may indicate that MRI is a valuable imaging alternative for zirconia‐based implant dentistry.
The impact of diabetes mellitus and glycemic control on clinical outcomes following liver transplant for hepatitis C
Authors: Morbitzer Kathryn A. , Taber David J. , Pilch Nicole A. , Meadows Holly B. , Fleming James N. , Bratton Charles F. , McGillicuddy John W. , Baliga Prabhakar K. , Chavin Kenneth D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHepatitis C is the leading indication for liver transplantation in the USA and recurrence is universal. The impact of preexisting diabetes, new‐onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT), and glycemic control on fibrosis progression has not been studied. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included adult liver recipients with hepatitis C transplanted between 2000 and 2011. Patients were divided into three groups: preexisting diabetes (n = 41), NODAT (n = 59), and no diabetes (n = 103). Patients with preexisting diabetes (70%) or NODAT (59%) were more likely to develop hepatitis C recurrence (≥stage 1 fibrosis), as compared to non‐diabetics (36%, p = 0.006). There was also a trend toward a higher incidence of at least Stage 2 fibrosis (36% and 48% vs. 23%, respectively; p = 0.063). Patients with tight glycemic control had a lower rate of Stage 2 fibrosis development (78% vs. 60%, p = 0.027), while those with good control (<150 mg/dL) also had lower rates of Stage 2 fibrosis (84% vs. 62%, p = 0.004). Multivariable analysis verified a decreased rate of recurrence for patients with blood glucose <138 mg/dL (p = 0.021), after controlling for confounders. These results demonstrate that diabetes is strongly associated with an increased risk of hepatitis C virus‐related fibrosis development and glycemic control may reduce the risk and severity of recurrence.