bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counterexamples to the List Square Coloring Conjecture
Authors: Kim Seog‐Jin , Park Boram 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe square G2 of a graph G is the graph defined on such that two vertices u and v are adjacent in G2 if the distance between u and v in G is at most 2. Let and be the chromatic number and the list chromatic number of a graph H, respectively. A graph H is called chromatic‐choosable if . It is an interesting problem to find graphs that are chromatic‐choosable. Kostochka and Woodall (Choosability conjectures and multicircuits, Discrete Math., 240 (2001), 123–143) conjectured that for every graph G, which is called List Square Coloring Conjecture. In this article, we give infinitely many counter examples to the conjecture. Moreover, we show that the value can be arbitrarily large.
Effects of helicopter capture and handling on movement behavior of mule deer
Authors: Northrup Joseph M. , Anderson Charles R. , Wittemyer George 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTResearch on wildlife movement, physiology, and reproductive biology often requires capture and handling of animals. Such invasive treatment can alter behavior, which may bias results or invalidate assumptions regarding representative behaviors. To assess the impacts of handling on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), a focal species for research in North America, we investigated pre‐ and post‐recapture movements of collared individuals, and compared them to deer that were not recaptured (controls). We compared pre‐ and post‐recapture movement rates (m/hr) and 24‐hour straight‐line displacement among recaptured and control deer. In addition, we examined the time it took recaptured deer to return to their pre‐recapture home range. Both daily straight‐line displacement and movement rate were marginally elevated relative to monthly averages for 24 hours following recapture, with non‐significant elevation continuing for up to 7 days. Comparing movements averaged over 30 days before and after recapture, we found no differences in displacement, but movement rates demonstrated seasonal effects, with faster movements post‐ relative to pre‐recapture in March and slower movements post‐ relative to pre‐recapture in December. Relative to control deer movements, recaptured deer movement rates in March were higher immediately after recapture and lower in the second and third weeks following recapture. The median time to return to the pre‐recapture home range was 13 hours, with 71% of deer returning in the first day, and 91% returning within 4 days. These results indicate a short period of elevated movements following recaptures, likely due to the deer returning to their home ranges, followed by weaker but non‐significant depression of movements for up to 3 weeks. Censoring of the first day of data post‐capture from analyses is strongly supported, and removing additional days until the individual returns to its home range will control for the majority of impacts from capture. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Magnetic resonance support vector machine discriminates essential tremor with rest tremor from tremor‐dominant Parkinson disease
Authors: Cherubini Andrea , Nisticó Rita , Novellino Fabiana , Salsone Maria , Nigro Salvatore , Donzuso Giulia , Quattrone Aldo 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aim of the current study was to distinguish patients who had tremor‐dominant Parkinson's disease (tPD) from those who had essential tremor with rest tremor (rET).MethodsWe combined voxel‐based morphometry‐derived gray matter and white matter volumes and diffusion tensor imaging‐derived mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy in a support vector machine (SVM) to evaluate 15 patients with rET and 15 patients with tPD. Dopamine transporter single‐photon emission computed tomography imaging was used as ground truth.ResultsSVM classification of individual patients showed that no single predictor was able to fully discriminate patients with tPD from those with rET. By contrast, when all predictors were combined in a multi‐modal algorithm, SVM distinguished patients with rET from those with tPD with an accuracy of 100%.ConclusionsSVM is an operator‐independent and automatic technique that may help distinguish patients with tPD from those with rET at the individual level. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Strategies in the Design of Small‐Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Peptidases
Authors: Chen Laizhong , Li Jing , Du Lupei , Li Minyong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPeptidases, which can cleave specific peptide bonds in innumerable categories of substrates, usually present pivotal positions in protein activation, cell signaling and regulation as well as in the origination of amino acids for protein generation or application in other metabolic pathways. They are also involved in many pathological conditions, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, arthritis, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review article aims to conduct a wide‐ranging survey on the development of small‐molecule fluorescent probes for peptidases, as well as to realize the state of the art in the tailor‐made probes for diverse types of peptidases.
The Decay of mass for a nonlinear fractional reaction–diffusion equation
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe study the large time behavior of non‐negative solutions to the nonlinear fractional reaction–diffusion equation ∂tu = − tσ( − Δ)α ∕ 2u − h(t)up (α ∈ (0,2]) posed on and supplemented with an integrable initial condition, where σ ≥ 0, p > 1, and h : [0, ∞ ) → [0, ∞ ). Defining the mass , under certain conditions on the function h, we show that the asymptotic behavior of the mass can be classified along two cases as follows:

if , then there exists M ∞  ∈ (0, ∞ ) such that ;
if , then . Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wave‐breaking phenomenon for a generalized spatially periodic Camassa–Holm system
Authors: Yu Shengqi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractConsidered herein is a generalized two‐component Camassa–Holm system in spatially periodic setting. We first prove two conservation laws; then under proper assumptions on the initial data, we show the precise blow‐up scenarios and sufficient conditions guaranteeing the formation of singularities to the solutions of the generalized Camassa–Holm system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Painlevé analysis and exact solutions of a predator–prey system with diffusion
Authors: Kudryashov N.A. , Zakharchenko A.S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA system of equations for description of the predator–prey relations is considered. The model corresponds to the modified Lotka–Volterra system with logistic growth of the prey and with both predator and prey dispersing by diffusion. The Painlevé analysis of the system of equations is studied. Exact traveling wave solutions are found by means of the Q‐function method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the propagation centre in the anionic polymerization of (meth)acrylic monomers: NMR and MNDO study of the complexes of methyl 2‐lithioisobutyrate and of the living methyl methacrylate oligomer with lithium tert‐butoxide
Authors: Kříž J. , Dybal J. , Janata M. , Vlček P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMethyl 2‐lithioisobutyrate (LIMIB) is shown to form 3:1, 2:2 and 1:3 complexes with lithium tert‐butoxide (LTB) in THF, depending on their molar ratio and storage time. The rate of formation of the complexes varies inversely as their stability: the 3:1 (LIMIB:LTB) complex is formed immediately but is not very stable; the full formation of the 1:3 complex takes about 20 h at −15°C but the product can be kept for several hours at room temperature without marked change. 1H, 13C, 6Li and 7Li NMR and MNDO results suggest that the core of any kind of the complex is formed by a cubic (Li‐0)4 structure with each of the four Li atoms bound to three equivalent oxygens. The structure of the complexes with less tert‐butoxide is less tightly packed. The complexes do not exhibit intermolecular exchange of Li atoms; their intramolecular exchange was not found but cannot be excluded. Preliminary results are presented for living MMA oligomers prepared by initiation with the LIMIB‐LTB system. The structure of these oligomers is not significantly affected by the equilibrium state of the initiation system. The living centre is found to be coordinated both to LTB and to the penultimate ester group. Although improved in stability by LTB coordination, the living oligomers exhibit marked self‐termination in THF even at −70°C.
Domain size of dynamic heterogeneities in antiplasticized polycarbonate by proton spin diffusion
Authors: Liu Yu , Inglefield Paul T. , Jones Alan A. , Kambour R. P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractProton spin diffusion measurements were made using the Goldman—Shen technique of bisphenol‐A polycarbonate containing 10 wt% trioctyl phosphate at temperatures below the glass transition temperature. The proton lineshapes reveal the existence of dynamic heterogeneities in the glass and spin diffusion can be observed from the more mobile to the less mobile domain. The time‐scale for spin diffusion is 4–10 ms and the mobile domain size is estimated at 11 Å at 339 K. This estimate is consistent with a mobile domain of approximately two diluent molecules and 11 polymer repeat units. This grouping can be compared with the results of a statistical lattice model used to estimate local environments at this composition.
Assessment of diffusion tensor MR imaging (DTI) in liver fibrosis with minimal confounding effect of hepatic steatosis
Authors: Lee Yunjung , Kim Hyeonjin 
Published: April 2014

PurposeGiven the potential confounding effect of fat on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the liver, we have assessed diffusion tensor imaging in liver fibrosis with minimal effect of fat on ADC and fractional anisotropy (FA).MethodsThirty‐six mice were used, among which 20 mice were CCl4 treated for fibrosis induction. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed at 9.4T using a spin‐echo diffusion tensor imaging sequence with six gradient directions. Hepatic fat fraction obtained by MR spectroscopy was used as hepatic fat content. Fibrosis scores were obtained from histopathology.ResultsThe hepatic fat fractions of the two animal groups were below 5.5% and not different (5.3 ± 1.5 vs. 4.6 ± 1.1%; P = 0.115). Fibrosis scores were higher in CCl4‐treated mice (0.0 ± 0.0 vs. 2.1 ± 0.7; P < 0.001). Nonetheless, there was no difference in ADC between the two groups (0.711 ± 0.068 × 10−3 vs. 0.718 ± 0.095 × 10−3 mm2 s−1; P = 0.911). The treated group had a lower FA than control (0.552 ± 0.050 vs. 0.586 ± 0.013; P = 0.023). ADC was not correlated with hepatic fat fraction and fibrosis. FA was correlated with hepatic fat fraction (r = 0.418, P = 0.011) and fibrosis (r = −0.411, P = 0.012).ConclusionFA may be more sensitive to mild‐to‐moderate liver fibrosis than ADC. In addition to ADC, FA may also be sensitive to hepatic fat content, and therefore need careful interpretation in liver fibrosis with concomitant fatty liver. Magn Reson Med 73:1602–1608, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of transgene expression using hyperpolarized 13C urea and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Patrick P. Stephen , Kettunen Mikko I. , Tee Sui‐Seng , Rodrigues Tiago B. , Serrao Eva , Timm Kerstin N. , McGuire Sarah , Brindle Kevin M. 
Published: April 2014

PurposeTo assess the potential of a gene reporter system, based on a urea transporter (UTB) and hyperpolarized [13C]urea.MethodsMice were implanted subcutaneously with either unmodified control cells or otherwise identical cells expressing UTB. After injection of hyperpolarized [13C]urea, a spin echo sequence was used to measure urea concentration, T1, and diffusion in control and UTB‐expressing tissue.ResultsThe apparent diffusion coefficient of hyperpolarized urea was 21% lower in tissue expressing UTB, in comparison with control tissue (P < 0.05, 1‐tailed t‐test, n = 6 in each group). No difference in water apparent diffusion coefficient or cellularity between these tissues was found, indicating that they were otherwise similar in composition.ConclusionExpression of UTB, by mediating cell uptake of urea, lowers the apparent diffusion coefficient of hyperpolarized 13C urea in tissue and thus the transporter has the potential to be used as a magnetic resonance‐based gene reporter in vivo. Magn Reson Med 73:1401–1406, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A domain‐decomposition strategy for a compressible multi‐phase flow interacting with a structure
Authors: Greco M. , Colicchio G. , Faltinsen O.M. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThe problem of a high‐pressure gas cavity and its interaction with surrounding liquid and a close‐by structure is examined numerically. Even though this is of interest in many practical applications, here, the focus is on an underwater explosion. A one‐way DD strategy coupling a radial and a 3D solver for compressible multiphase flows is proposed, and the different components are successfully validated. This is a time‐space DD, which assumes the explosion that occurs sufficiently far from boundaries. It means that the radial solution is used everywhere until radial symmetry is no more applicable. When acoustic waves reach a close structure, the radial solution initiates the 3D solution near the body and continues to be applied only far from the structure and to provide the boundary conditions for the 3D sub‐domain. The advantage is to limit the computational costs and preserve reliability and accuracy. The radial solution could be applied to assess local damages during the initial acoustic phase; the time‐space DD needs to be used to investigate both local and global consequences on the vessels. The structure is modeled both as a rigid wall and as an orthotropic plate, which provides a good representation of the bottom grillages of ships. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrically conductive anti‐reflecting nanostructure for chalcogenide thin‐film solar cells
Authors: Park Ji‐Hyeon , Lee Tae Il , Hwang Sung‐Hwan , Moon Kyeong‐Ju , Myoung Jae‐Min 
Published: April 2014

AbstractElectrically conducting aluminum (Al)‐doped ZnO nanorods (NRs) film has been introduced as an anti‐reflective (AR) layer for effective light trapping in chalcogenide thin‐film solar cells. Results indicate that the Al‐doping significantly reduced the electrical contact resistance between the Ag top electrode and the AR layer. The Al‐doped ZnO NRs exhibited low average reflectance (4.5%) over the entire visible and near‐infrared range, and changed the nature of electrical contact between the Ag electrode and the AR layer from Schottky to Ohmic. Finally, the CuInS2 solar cell coated with the Al‐doped ZnO NRs exhibited huge enhancement in photovoltaic efficiency from 9.57% to 11.70% due to the lowering series resistance and the increase in the short‐circuit current density, when compared with that of a solar cell without the AR layer. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical study and simulation of light‐addressable potentiometric sensors
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Miyamoto Ko‐ichiro , Wagner Torsten , Schöning Michael J. , Yoshinobu Tatsuo 
Published: April 2014

The light‐addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a semiconductor‐based potentiometric sensor using a light probe with an ability of detecting the concentration of biochemical species in a spatially resolved manner. As an important biomedical sensor, research has been conducted to improve its performance, for instance, to realize high‐speed measurement. In this work, the idea of facilitating the device‐level simulation, instead of using an equivalent‐circuit model, is presented for detailed analysis and optimization of the performance of the LAPS. Both carrier distribution and photocurrent response have been simulated to provide new insight into both amplitude‐mode and phase‐mode operations of the LAPS. Various device parameters can be examined to effectively design and optimize the LAPS structures and setups for enhanced performance.Distribution of minority carriers inside a Si‐based LAPS structure under illumination with different wavelengths.
Reduced graphene oxide‐based sensing platform for electric cell–substrate impedance sensing
Authors: Lanche Ruben , Pachauri Vivek , Koppenhöfer Dieter , Wagner Patrick , Ingebrandt Sven 
Published: April 2014

Graphene, with its unique electrical properties and biocompatibility, has become a material of choice for the development of biosensor platforms. In this study, a microelectrode array based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was constructed and used as a platform for electrical monitoring of cell–substrate adhesion. The rGO‐based sensor arrays were designed in order to facilitate sensor pads comparable to the size of individual cells. The sensor chips were fabricated in a scalable manner via site‐specific immobilization of graphene oxide flakes onto microelectrode pairs followed by reduction to rGO. The sensor chips were mounted on a measurement platform equipped with a fluidic cell. Electrical characteristics were recorded and field‐effect behavior was confirmed. Sensors reacted to changes of pH value in the solution. Finally, as a proof‐of‐concept, the graphene oxide‐based sensing platform was used for electrical cell–substrate impedance sensing of individual HEK293 cells in culture. Schematic view of the rGO‐based sensor chip for electrical cell–substrate adhesion assays.
Bayesian survival trees for clustered observations, applied to tooth prognosis
Authors: Levine Richard A. , Fan Juanjuan , Su Xiaogang , Nunn Martha E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTooth loss from periodontal disease or dental caries (decay) afflicts most adults over the course of their lives. Survival tree methods for correlated observations have shown potential for developing objective tooth prognosis systems; however, the current technology suffers either from prohibitive computational expense or unrealistic simplifying assumptions to overcome computational demands. In this article Bayesian tree methods are developed for correlated survival data, relying on a computationally feasible, yet flexible, frailty model with piecewise constant hazard function. Bayesian stochastic search methods, using a Laplace approximated marginal likelihood, are detailed for tree construction, and posterior ensemble averaged variable importance ranking and amalgamation procedures are developed. The proposed methods are used to assign each tooth from the Veteran Administration (VA) Dental Longitudinal Study to one of five prognosis categories and evaluate the effects of clinical factors and genetic polymorphisms in predicting tooth loss. The prognostic rules established may be used in clinical practice to optimize tooth retention and devise periodontal treatment plans.
Fast construction of space‐optimized recursive automaton
Authors: Ristov Strahil , Korenčić Damir 
Published: April 2014

SummaryFinite‐state automata are important components in information retrieval and natural language processing software. A recursive automaton is the most compact representation of the acyclic deterministic finite‐state automata. It is based on merging not only the equivalent states but also the identical substructures in an automaton. The LZ trie variant is the state‐of‐the‐art in automata compression regarding space, but the time needed for its construction was, until now, quadratic, which has made it impractical for large inputs. In this paper, we present the first algorithm for LZ trie construction that runs in effectively linear time thereby making it an attractive choice for finite‐state automata implementation. We achieve this goal by adding a new functionality to the enhanced suffix array data structure. We present two variants of the construction procedure – an optimal method regarding the final size and a method that sacrifices some compression for low intermediate memory usage. We have made the implementation of our algorithms available in an open source software package LzLex.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PLaTHEA: a marker‐less people localization and tracking system for home automation
Authors: Leotta Francesco , Mecella Massimo 
Published: April 2014

SummaryCurrent smart spaces require more and more sophisticated sensors able to acquire the state of the environment in order to provide advanced and customized services. Among the most important environmental variables, locations of users and their identities represent a primary concern for smart home applications. Despite some years of investigation in indoor positioning, the availability of systems designed as components pluggable into complex home automation platforms is limited. We presentPeopleLocalizationandTracking forHomE Automation (PLaTHEA), a vision‐based indoor localization system specifically tailored for Ambient Assisted Living applications. PLaTHEA features a novel technique to acquire a stereo video stream from a couple of independent (and not synchronized) network‐attached cameras, thus easing its physical deployment. The input stream is processed by integrating well‐known techniques with a novel tracking approach targeted to indoor spaces. The system has a modular architecture that offers clear interfaces exposed as Web services, and it can run on off‐the‐shelf and cheap hardware (both in terms of sensing devices and computing units). We evaluated PLaTHEA in real usage conditions and reported the measured performance in terms of precision and accuracy. Low light, crowded and large monitored environments might slightly decrease the performance of the system; nevertheless, the results here presented show that it is perfectly suitable to be employed in the typical domestic day‐to‐day life settings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Umnutzung eines Denkmales – Ästhetik und Funktionalität der Verglasung
Authors: Huber Ulrich , Thomas Christoph , Rücker Sebastian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDie Nutzungsänderung von Denkmalen bringt veränderte Anforderungen an die Gebäude mit sich. Sommerlicher Wärmeschutz, Energieeffizienz, Sicherheitsaspekte usw. haben Auswirkungen auf die Auswahl von Gläsern und Verglasungssystemen. Denkmalpflege erfordert die Berücksichtigung ästhetischer Aspekte. Am Beispiel der Umnutzung des Kaufhauses Schocken in Chemnitz zum Archäologischen Landesmuseum Sachsen wird gezeigt, dass maschinengezogene Gläser den Anforderungen Rechnung tragen können. Beleuchtet werden architektonische Gesichtspunkte, Baurecht, statischer Nachweis, historische Einordnung, Herstellungsverfahren und Verarbeitungsmöglichkeiten.Change in use of a heritage – the esthetics and function of glazing. The change in use of historical monuments involves modified demands on buildings. Summarily, heat insulation, energy efficiency, safety aspects and more, influence the choice of the glass and glazing systems. Care and preservation of historical monuments require the consideration of esthetical aspects. The example of conversion of the Department Store Schocken in Chemnitz to the Archeological State Museum shows that machine drawn glass meets those requirements. Architectural considerations, building law, structural analysis, historical grading, manufacturing technologies and possibilities of processing are highlighted.