bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using microwaves to prepare gastropods forDNAbarcoding
Authors: Galindo L. A. , Puillandre N. , Strong E. E. , Bouchet P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractExtractingDNAfrom gastropods presents particular difficulties due to the capacity of the living animal to retract into the shell, resulting in poor penetration of the ethanol into the tissues. Because the shell is essential to establish the link between sequences and traditional taxonomic identity, cracking the shell to facilitate fixation is not ideal. Several methods are currently in routine use to overcome this difficulty, including chemical relaxation, drilling the shell and boiling. Most of these methods are time‐consuming, may be safety hazards and constitute a bottleneck in the preparation of large numbers of specimens in the field. We have experimented with a method traditionally used to clean shells that involves placing the living gastropods in a microwave (MW) oven; the electromagnetic radiation very quickly heats both the animal and the water trapped inside the shell, resulting in separation of the muscles that anchor the animal to the shell. Done properly, the body can be removed intact from the shell and the shell voucher is preserved undamaged. To test the method, the bodies of live‐collected specimens from two gastropod species were separated from their shell by microwaving and by anesthetizing/drilling. After identical extraction andPCRprocedures, the gels showed no difference inDNAquantity or quality, and the resulting sequences are identical within species. The method was then implemented on a large scale during expeditions, resulting in higher percentage ofDNAextraction success. The MWs are also effective for quickly and easily removing other molluscs from their shells, that is, bivalves and scaphopods. Workflows implementing the MW technique show a three‐ to fivefold increase in productivity compared with other methods.
Trends in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in southern Sweden, 2003–2012
Authors: Ignell Claes , Claesson Rickard , Anderberg Eva , Berntorp Kerstin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThere is accumulating evidence that gestational diabetes is a growing problem. The lack of internationally standardized diagnostic procedures prevents consistent diagnosis and the burden of gestational diabetes must be determined in country‐specific studies. In southern Sweden, gestational diabetes is defined as a 2‐h capillary plasma glucose concentration of ≥10.0 mmol/L during a universal 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test. We report the crude prevalence of gestational diabetes during the years 2003–2012. Of 156 144 women who gave birth, 2.2% were diagnosed with gestational diabetes. When the effect of time on the prevalence of gestational diabetes was assessed in a log‐linear Poisson model, an overall increase in prevalence of 35% was predicted, corresponding to an average annual increase of 3.4%. Predicted prevalence was 1.9 (95% CI 1.8–2.0) in 2003 and 2.6 (95% CI 2.4–2.7) in 2012 (p < 0.0001). Due to a simultaneous rise in birth rate, the number of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes increased by 64%.
Laparoscopic abdominosacral resection for locally advanced primary rectal cancer after treatment with mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab, followed by preoperative chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Nagasaki Toshiya , Akiyoshi Takashi , Ueno Masashi , Fukunaga Yosuke , Nagayama Satoshi , Fujimoto Yoshiya , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Yamaguchi Toshiharu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAbdominosacral resection may be the only curative procedure for locally advanced rectal cancer involving the presacral fascia or sacrum. Multimodal therapy might be necessary to prevent local and distant recurrence for such tumors. A 67‐year‐old man was diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer widely involving the right pelvic sidewall and presacral fascia near the S4/5 junction on the right posterolateral side. We performed laparoscopic abdominosacral resection (S4/5) with en bloc right lateral lymph node dissection and seminal vesicle resection to obtain a clear resection margin after systemic chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6 (oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and 5‐fluorouracil) plus bevacizumab, followed by preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The total operative time was 660 min, and the estimated blood loss was 550 mL. The final pathological findings revealed no residual cancer cells (pathological complete response). Laparoscopic abdominosacral resection appears to be safe and feasible in selected patients.
Effects of different levels of protein supplementary diet on gene expressions related to intramuscular deposition in early‐weaned yaks
Authors: Zhang Hai‐bo , Wang Zhi Sheng , Peng Quan‐Hui , Tan Cui , Zou Hua‐Wei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study was conducted to estimate different levels of protein supplementary diet on gene expressions related to intramuscular deposition in early‐weaned yaks. Results showed that supplementary dietary protein significantly increased final weight, average daily gain (ADG), intramuscular fat (IMF), serum free fatty acid (FFA), total triglycerides, total cholesterol (Ch), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) content. There was a quadratic response of ADG, IMF, FFA, Ch, HDL and LDL to dietary crude protein (CP) level. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzyme activities were significantly increased by supplementary dietary CP, while hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 (CPT‐1) activities were significantly decreased. LPL, ACC and FAS enzyme activities showed quadratic increase as dietary CP increased. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), LPL, FAS, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1), ACC, stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) and heart fatty‐acid binding protein (H‐FABP) gene expression were significantly increased by supplementary dietary CP, while HSL and CPT‐1 gene expression were significantly decreased. PPARγ, LPL, SREBP‐1, ACC and H‐FABP gene expression showed quadratic increase as dietary CP increased. These results indicated that supplementary dietary protein increased IMF accumulation mainly to increased intramuscular lipogenic gene expression and decreased lipolytic gene expression.
Increased risk of cancer in patients with early‐onset cataracts: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Chiang Chun Chi , Lin Cheng‐Li , Peng Chiao‐Ling , Sung Fung‐Chang , Tsai Yi‐Yu 
Published: January 2014

Early‐onset cataracts are associated with insufficient antioxidative activity, and, therefore, a potential risk of cancer. This study investigated the risk of cancer after being diagnosed with early‐onset cataracts. Retrospective claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were analyzed. Study subjects were comprised of patients with early‐onset cataracts, aged 20–55 years (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD‐9‐CM] code 366.00, 366.01, 366.02, 366.03, 366.04, 366.09, 366.17 and 366.18) and newly diagnosed between 1997 and 2010 (n = 1281), and a comparison cohort without the disease (n = 5124). Both cohorts were followed up until 2010 to estimate the incidences of cancer. We used the Poisson regression model to compare incidence rate ratios and the 95% confidence interval (CI). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of cancer associated with early‐onset cataracts. The overall incidence rate of all cancers was 2.19‐fold higher in the early‐onset cataract cohort than in the comparison cohort (8.06 vs 3.68 per 1000 person‐years) with an adjusted HR of 2.13 (95% CI = 1.48, 3.07). The site‐specific analysis also showed a strong relationship, with adjusted HR of 3.24 ((95% CI = 1.30, 8.10) for head and neck cancer, 3.29 (95% CI 1.16, 9.31) for hepatoma and 3.19 (95% CI 1.34, 7.58) for breast cancer. The present study suggests that patients with early‐onset cataracts are at an increased risk of being diagnosed with cancer in subsequent years.
Does dental indifference influence the oral health‐related quality of life of prisoners?
Authors: Marshman Zoe , Baker Sarah R. , Robinson Peter G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesPrisoners have worse oral health and greater unmet dental treatment needs than the general population. However, little is known about the impact of the mouth, or attitudes such as dental indifference and consequent patterns of dental service use in this disadvantaged group.The aim was to determine whether dental indifference was associated with the oral health‐related quality of life (OHQoL) of prisoners using Andersen's behavioural model of service utilization as the theoretical framework.MethodsThe sample was male prisoners aged 20–35 years attending three prisons in the north of England. Participants took part in interviews and oral examinations. The variables were selected to populate Andersen's model including: predisposing characteristics (socioeconomic status), enabling resources (dental indifference and dental attendance patterns before prison), perceived need (perceived treatment need, satisfaction with appearance of teeth, global rating of oral health), evaluated need (number of decayed teeth), health behaviours (use of dental services while in prison) and health outcomes (OHQoL). Structural equation modelling was used to estimate direct and indirect pathways between variables.ResultsOf the 700 men approached, 659 completed the interview and clinical examination. Worse OHQoL was associated with less dental indifference (i.e. greater interest in oral health), previous regular use of dental services, perceived need for treatment and use of prison dental services. The number of decayed teeth and predisposing factors such as qualifications and employment did not predict OHQoL.ConclusionsDental indifference was related to the OHQoL of prisoners in addition to previous regular use of dental services, a perceived need for treatment and use of dental services while in prison. Dental services in prisons might incorporate methods to address dental indifference in their attempts to improve oral health. The findings also have general implications for the assessment of population oral health needs.
Suicidal ideation and self‐harm among youths in Norway: associations with verbal, physical and sexual abuse
Authors: Mossige Svein , Huang Lihong , Straiton Malanie , Roen Katrina 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUsing data from a national survey (n = 6979) of young people in their last year in Norwegian secondary schools in 2007 (aged 18–19), this paper explores the relationship between sexual abuse and experiences of violence among young people in Norway and their reporting of suicidal ideation and self‐harm. This investigation includes three types of abuse experienced by young people: non‐physical, physical and sexual. We investigate suicidal ideation and two types of self‐harming behaviour: non‐suicidal self‐injury and suicidal self‐injury. The analyses that are reported involve descriptive analysis, chi‐square and t‐tests, and logistic regression. The hypothesis that was confirmed by the analysis was that being subject to sexual abuse or other violence was associated with increased risk of self‐harm. The hypothesis that was partially supported by the analysis was that violence experienced during childhood would have more effect on suicidal ideation and self‐harm than violence experienced at a later age. Contrary to our expectations, it was found that peer bullying has a stronger effect on young people's suicidal ideation and self‐harming behaviours than sexual abuse or physical violence. The implications of these findings for practitioners working with children and youth involve raising awareness about the long‐term effects of verbal, physical, sexual and witnessed abuse.
Peri‐implant soft tissue and marginal bone adaptation on implant with non‐matching healing abutments: micro‐CT analysis
Authors: Finelle Gary , Papadimitriou Dimitrios E. V. , Souza André B. , Katebi Negin , Gallucci German O. , Araújo Mauricio G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeTo assess (i) the outcome of changing the horizontal‐offset dimension on the peri‐implant soft tissues and the crestal bone and (ii) the effect of different healing abutments (flared vs. straight) on the marginal peri‐implant soft tissues and crestal bone.Materials and MethodsTwo‐piece dental implants diameters of 3.5 and 4.5 mm were placed at least 1 mm subcrestal in five beagle dogs. Three different investigational groups: (i) 3.5‐mm‐diameter implant with narrow healing abutment (3.5N), (ii) 4.5‐mm‐diameter implant with narrow healing abutment (4.5N), and (iii) 3.5‐mm‐diameter implant with wide healing abutment (3.5W), were assessed. After 4 months of healing, the vertical distance from the marginal crestal bone (MB) to the implant shoulder (IS); the vertical distance from the IS to the first bone‐to‐implant contact; and the horizontal distance of bone ingrowth on the implant platform were measured with a high‐resolution micro‐CT (Xradia MicroXCT‐200 system).ResultsImplants with a narrow healing caps showed an interproximal MB located between 0 and 1 mm above the implant shoulder, while the 3.5W group exhibits a mean value −0.50 mm. As all implants in group 3.5N presented a fBIC located at the level of the IS. For the 4.5N group, the mean fBIC‐IS distance was −0.52 mm apically to the IS. For the 3.5WC group, the mean fBIC‐IS distance was −1.42 mm. Horizontal bone apposition was only observed for the 3.5N group and the 4.5N group.ConclusionThe dimension of the horizontal offset would play a minimal role in reducing bone remodeling, whereas the configuration of the transmucosal component would directly influence marginal bone remodeling.
Analysis of the dimensions of the labial bone wall in the anterior maxilla: a cone‐beam computed tomography study
Authors: El Nahass Hani , N. Naiem Suzy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundImmediate implant placement in extraction socket does not appear to prevent the resorption of the labial wall. It has been recommended that a minimal thickness of 1–2 mm of buccal bone should be available to preclude the resorption of the facial vertical dimension of the socket wall.ObjectiveThe aim was to determine the dimension of the facial buccal plate of bone in the anterior esthetic zone at different levels and relate it to immediate implant placement.Materials and methodsSeventy‐three patients' cone‐beam tomographic scans were included in the study (42 female and 31 male, mean age 39.6 years). The images were acquired using OnDemand software. The measurements taken included:

Distance between the CEJ and the alveolar crest.

The labial bone thickness at different levels in relation to alveolar crest: at 1, 2, and 4 mm

The resultsThe measurements demonstrated that the distance between the CEJ and the crest was 2.10 ± 0.85 for the central and 2.09 ± 0.72 for the lateral incisor. The measurement taken at M0 (crestal level) revealed that only 1% of the incisors showed a thick labial bone (1–2 mm) and 73% showed a thin bony wall (0.5–1 mm) and 25% showed very thin wall <0.5 mm. At the M1, 7% showed very thin bony wall and 86% showed a thin bony wall while only 6% exhibited a thick bony wall. The M2 showed only 1% of very thin bony wall, and about 85% showed a thin bony wall and 14% exhibited a thick bony level. The M4 demonstrated very thin bony wall and about 75% thin bony wall and 23% showed thick bony wall. Males showed statistically significantly higher mean distance between cemento–enamel junction and alveolar crest (CEJ‐AC) than females at the central as well as lateral incisors. To obtain good results, meticulous preoperative analysis is recommended. Thus, to chose an adequate treatment approach, the utilization of CBCT is recommended.
Homocysteine Metabolism in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Kundal Mohan , Saha Abhijeet , Dubey N.K. , Kapoor Kanika , Basak Trayambak , Bhardwaj Gaurav , Tanwar Vinay Singh , Sengupta Shantanu , Batra Vinita , Upadhayay Ashish Dutt , Bhatt Ajay 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundHomocysteine metabolism is altered in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor of early atherosclerosis and glomerulosclerosis and may occur at time of first occurrence of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.MethodsThirty children with first episode of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (FENS) aged 1–16 years along with 30 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Homocysteine and cysteine were measured with HPLC; vitamin B12 and folic acid were measured with electro‐chemilumiscence immunoassay. Primary outcome measure was plasma homocysteine level in children with FENS and in controls. Secondary outcome measures were (1) plasma and urine homocysteine and cysteine levels in children with FENS at 12 weeks and 1 year (remission) and (2) plasma and urine levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid in children with FENS, at 12 weeks and 1 year (remission).ResultsPlasma homocysteine and cysteine levels were comparable to controls in children with FENS, at 12 weeks and 1‐year remission. Plasma levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid were significantly decreased compared to controls in FENS due to increased urinary excretion, which normalize during remission at 12 weeks and 1 year. Urinary homocysteine and cysteine levels were significantly raised in FENS compared to controls and continued to be raised even at 12‐week and 1‐year remission.ConclusionHomocysteine metabolism is deranged in children with FENS. Renal effects of long‐term raised urinary homocysteine levels need to be studied.
Electrical stimulation vs. standard care for chronic ulcer healing: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Barnes Rachel , Shahin Yousef , Gohil Risha , Chetter Ian 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a systematic review to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on ulcer healing compared to usual treatment and/or sham stimulation. This systematic review also aimed to investigate the effect of different types of electrical stimulation on ulcer size reduction.Materials and MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from inception to October 2013 on randomised controlled trials (RCTs), in English and on human subjects, which assessed the effect of electrical stimulation on ulcer size as compared to standard care and/or sham stimulation. Data from included RCTs were pooled with use of fixed and random effects meta‐analysis of the weighted mean change differences between the comparator groups. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed with the I2 statistic.ResultsTwenty‐one studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. In six trials (n = 210), electrical stimulation improved mean percentage change in ulcer size over total studies periods by 24·62%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 19·98–29·27, P < 0·00001 with no heterogeneity. In three trials (n = 176), electrical stimulation insignificantly improved mean weekly change in ulcer size by 1·64%, 95% (CI) −3·81 to 7·09, P = 0·56 with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 96%, P < 0·00001). In six trials (n = 266), electrical stimulation decreased ulcer size by 2·42 cm2, 95% (CI) 1·66–3·17, P < 0·00001, with significant heterogeneity. In one trial (n = 16), electrical stimulation also insignificantly improved the mean daily percentage change in ulcer size by 0·63%, 95% (CI) −0·12 to 1·37, P = 0·10, with significant heterogeneity.ConclusionsElectrical stimulation appears to increase the rate of ulcer healing and may be superior to standard care for ulcer treatment.
Complex Vocal Responses to Conspecific Calls in Whistling Frogs Eleutherodactylus johnstonei: Playback Experiments in the Field
Authors: Tárano Zaida , Fuenmayor Eloisa 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe simulated the presence of an acoustic competitor by broadcasting conspecific playbacks to males of Johnstone's whistling frog, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei, in the field. We broadcast calls that differed in duration (short, typical, and long), dominant frequency (high, typical, and low), and period (short, typical, and long), and analyzed male vocal responses. We tested the hypothesis that males respond by escalating vocally when they are exposed to female‐attractive calls and by ignoring unattractive ones. At the population level, males responded to playbacks in ways that would potentially increase their attractiveness with regard to solo calling: males increased the duration, reduced the dominant frequency, and increased their calling effort (duty cycle), despite an increase in call period. The modification of call duration occurred only in response to playbacks of low‐frequency calls, long calls, and short‐period calls (selective response), while the modification of the dominant frequency was independent of the characteristic of the playback (fixed response). Contrary to the expected, males did not reduce the call period when they were exposed to attractive playbacks. At the ultimate level, the results suggest energy‐saving strategies. In addition, males seem to trade off call period for the avoidance of acoustic interference with attractive calls as calling effort was typically increased by increasing call duration but only rarely by reducing the call period. Interactive playbacks are necessary to better understand the calling strategies of males of E. johnstonei.
The need for markers and predictors of Rituximab treatment resistance
Authors: Sitaru Cassian , Thiel Jens 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCD20‐specific antibodies show remarkable therapeutic efficacy in B‐cell malignancy and autoimmune diseases, but due to the occurrence of a significant treatment resistance, a critical, unmet need for improving B‐cell‐depleting approaches remains. A CD20 transcript variant (D393–CD20) appears to be associated with Rituximab treatment resistance in malignant B cells, but is lacking in patients with autoimmune dermatoses as shown by Gamonet et al. While CD20‐specific factors certainly play a major role in the pathogenesis of Rituximab treatment resistance, the D393‐CD2 transcript may greatly facilitate the development of clinical markers for monitoring the therapy in B‐cell malignancies and (auto)antibody‐mediated diseases. Its association with systemic autoimmune diseases should be therefore explored in further studies.