bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Component Usage during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Experience in 98 Patients at a Latin-American Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Henríquez-Henríquez Marcela , Kattan Javier , Chang Mayling , Pizarro Isabel , Faunes Miriam , Martinez Claudia , Gonzalez Alvaro , Pereira Jaime 
Published: November 2014

Background/Aims Hemorrhagic complications during ECMO may affect a large proportion of the patients depending on the clinical setting. To guarantee optimal delivery of blood products to these patients, blood banks require updated information on the transfusion requirements. Few studies to date provide this information. This work assesses transfusion requirements in neonates and children during ECMO during the past 9 years. Methods We reviewed blood bank and hospital records of patients who underwent ECMO at our institution between May 2003 and May 2012. Data obtained included age, weight, diagnosis, type, length of ECMO, and daily transfusion requirements during ECMO. Descriptive and non-parametric inferential statistic analyses were performed. Our series included 98 patients. Results Mean time of patients on ECMO was 9.2 days, with the longest treatment spanning 22 days. Mean daily transfusion requirements were 39.5 ml/kg of RBC, 12.9 ml/kg of plasma, 34.3 ml/kg of platelets and 1.4 ml/kg of cryoprecipitate. Patients who underwent ECMO due to cardiac disease or congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) required significantly higher transfusion volumes of plasma (p<0.05), platelets (p< 0.05) and cryoprecipitate (p<0.05) when compared to patients underwent ECMO due to respiratory disease. Concomitant with the aging of ECMO circuits, patients showed increased requirements of RBC, plasma, and CRYO around the seventh day of the ECMO run. This effect was not observed for platelets, which remained nearly consistent around 2.2 transfusions/day. Conclusions ECMO patients required significant transfusion support, which was particularly higher among patients who underwent ECMO due to cardiac disease or congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Calcium Profiling in Hemodiafiltration: A New Way to Reduce the Calcium Overload Risk without Compromising Cardiovascular Stability
Authors: Severi Stefano , Bolasco Piergiorgio , Badiali Fabio , Concas Gabriella , Mancini Elena , Summa Aurora , Perazzini Claudia , Steckiph Denis , Cagnoli Leonardo , Santoro Antonio 
Published: November 2014

Background Low and high dialysate calcium (Ca2+) content may have positive and harmful effects depending on the considered pathological aspect: hemodynamic instability, cardiac arrhythmias, parathormone release, adynamic bone disease, cardio-vascular calcifications. We hypothesized that a time-profiled Ca2+ concentration would keep the cardiovascular advantages of high Ca2+ but would reduce the risk of calcium overload. Methods A prospective, multicenter study using a particular hemodiafiltration technique that allows the profiling of electrolytes was designed. Patients (n = 22) underwent randomly a 3-week dialysis session with low and high constant dialysate Ca2+ (LdCa, 1.25 mM and HdCa, 2 mM) and profiled Ca2+ (PdCa), respectively. Plasma and spent dialysate Ca2+, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (SAP, DAP) and QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) were analyzed. Results Plasma Ca2+ concentration decreased in LdCa, whereas it increased in HdCa and to a lesser extent, in PdCa. Total amount of Ca2+ given to the patient in PdCa (15.5 ± 1.0 mmol) was higher than in LdCa (4.3 ± 1.6 mmol) but lower than in HdCa (21.9 ± 3.3 mmol). SAP and DAP decreased in LdCa, whereas it was almost constant in both HdCa and PdCa. QTc significantly increased, up to critical values (>460 msec), only during LdCa. Conclusions PdCa seems to retain the advantages of high Ca2+ in terms of hemodynamic stability and modification of QTc while reducing the excessive positive calcium balance typical of dialysis with high Ca2+ content.
Compliance Properties of Collagen-coated Polyethylene Terephthalate Vascular Prostheses
Authors: Khoffi Foued , Mathieu Daniel , Dieval Florence , Chakfé Nabil , Durand Bernard 
Published: November 2014

Background Compliance mismatch between native artery and a prosthetic graft used for infrainguinal bypass is said to be a factor for graft failure. The aim of this study was to develop a technique for measuring the compliance of collagen-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) vascular prostheses and to analyze the influence of several key properties on the elastic behavior of the grafts. Methods Compliance testing was performed on 3 prostheses with and without internal compliant membrane (ICM). The principle of this test was to study the dimensional changes of prostheses submitted to internal pressure from 30 to 240 mm Hg at intervals of predetermined values. Results We demonstrated that the ICM created links with the inner surface of the crimps and considerably modified the graft behavior when submitted to internal pressure. The results showed that compliance properties were dependent on the wall thickness and the crimping geometry of textile vascular prostheses. Mechanical analysis predicts the circumferential tensile behavior of these arterial grafts and validates tests for measuring compliance.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Neuropeptides following Dental Restorations
Authors: Sakallioğlu Elif Eser , Lütfioğlu Müge , Sakallioğlu Umur , Ceylan Gözlem Koca , Pamuk Ferda , Dede Figen Öngöz , Dede Doğu 
Published: November 2014

Purpose Local neuropeptide release has a critical role in the initiation and progression of an inflammatory response. This study investigated the effects of different restorative materials on periodontium in this regard, by evaluating their neuropeptide-producing effects on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Methods The study included 14 patients suitable for metal-ceramic, composite and amalgam restorations. Four weeks after periodontal therapy, the restorations were performed. Study groups were constituted regarding the tooth/restoration surfaces contacting gingiva in each patient: 1 ceramic surface of a metal-ceramic crown (ceramic group), its opposite metal surface (metal group), 1 composite surface (composite group), its opposite enamel surface (opposite-composite group), 1 amalgam surface (amalgam group), its opposite enamel surface (opposite-amalgam group) and 1 nonrestored enamel surface (enamel group). Four weeks after dental restorations, clinical data and GCF were obtained from the group sites. Clinical data, GCF volume and its proinflammatory cytokine profile were utilized to evaluate the periodontal health. GCF levels of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) were determined by ELISA for revealing the neuropeptide levels. Results GCF volume was found to increase in all groups compared with the enamel group (p<0.05). SP and NKA levels were higher in the ceramic, composite and amalgam groups than those in the enamel group (p<0.05). SP and NKA levels were also higher in the composite and amalgam groups than those in the opposite-composite/amalgam groups (p<0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that ceramic, composite and amalgam materials may uniquely trigger local neuropeptide release in periodontium.
Adherence of S. Epidermidis on Different Metals. A Comparative in Vitro Study
Authors: Castellanos Juan , González-Cuevas Araceli , Sierra Josep M. , García-Nuño Laura , Diaz-Brito Vicenç , Soriano Alex , Font-Vizcarra Lluís 
Published: November 2014

Aim Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common cause of orthopedic infections. Adhesion and biofilm formation on orthopedic implant surfaces play an important role in the physiopathology of these infections. The aim of our study was to evaluate the adhesion of S. epidermidis on the surface of metals usually used in orthopedics. Methods Previously sterilized circular metal plates of titanium (Ti), porous titanium (p-Ti), cobalt chromium (CoCr) and stainless steel (SS) were hung completely submerged in a liquid medium with a known concentration of S. epidermidis (RP62A). They were incubated for 1 h or 24 h at 36°C. After incubation, each plate was washed with PBS and sonicated during 5 minutes in 10 mL of saline. Different dilutions were performed and 100 μL from each sample was cultured on agar plates. Results 26 metal plates were incubated for 1 h and other 55 metal plates for 24 h. The lowest bacterial count (cfu/mm2) at 1 h was observed in CoCr plates while in p-Ti it was 6 times higher. At 24 h the highest bacterial count was observed in SS plates while the lowest in Ti. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions After 1 h and 24 h of exposure, the lowest adherence was observed in CoCr and Ti plates, respectively. However, bacterial attachment occurred with all materials. It is necessary to further investigate new materials able to avoid bacterial attachment.
Long Segment Recanalization and Dedicated Central venous Stenting in an Ultimate Attempt to Restore Vascular access Central Vein Outflow
Authors: de Graaf Rick , van Laanen Jorinde , Sailer Anna , Tordoir Jan 
Published: November 2014

Purpose Maintaining vascular access in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis is a challenging process, especially in patients enduring multiple central line placements and in whom peripheral options have been exhausted. Case We present a case of a 60-year-old male without options for peripheral vascular access due to multiple failed arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis. Furthermore, bilateral subclavian, brachiocephalic veins and iliac veins were occluded or significantly obstructed. After long segment central vein recanalization, an upper arm loop arteriovenous graft was implanted. The recanalized segment was stented with a 12-mm dedicated venous nitinol stent. Conclusion Chronic central vein obstructions demand stents with both high radial force and flexibility. We recommend dedicated venous stents to improve technical success and reduce stent-related complications like early re-occlusion due to fracturing, kinking or straightening.
Italian Validation of the English Prom-Uss-Q Questionnaire in Patients Undergoing Anterior Urethroplasty
Authors: Barbagli Guido , Romano Giuseppe , Sansalone Salvatore , Lazzeri Massimo 
Published: November 2014

Background. The aim of this study was to translate and validate in Italian the condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure for urethral stricture surgery (PROM-USS-Q) and evaluate its psychometric properties to determine whether it was suitable for routine use. Methods. We translated the English version; 52 men scheduled for bulbar urethroplasty at our high volume center agreed to self-complete PROM-USS-Q pre-operatively and between four and six months post-operatively We undertook an in-depth psychometric assessment of the questionnaire constructs. Results. There was excellent correlation between change in voiding symptom score and change in Qmax (p=0.746) with parallel improvements in EQ-5D visual analogue and time trade-off scores demonstrating criterion validity. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency statistics were similarly robust: intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.81 to 0.90 for the individual voiding questions. Cronbach's alpha was 0.79 for the overall score and ranged between 0.74 and 0.81. These indices exceeded our predefined reliability thresholds for inclusion. Statistically highly significant improvements in construct scores occurred following urethroplasty, demonstrating responsiveness to change. Conclusions. The PROM-USS-Q is a practical and robust instrument for assessing voiding symptoms and health-related quality of life following urethral stricture surgery.
Global Citizens and Family Relations
Authors: Nishitani Yuko 
Published: November 2014

Global Citizens and Family Relations
As globalisation progresses, cross-border movements of people are becoming dynamic and multilateral. The existence of different groups and minorities within the community renders the society multiethnic and multicultural. As individuals acquire new affiliation and belonging, the conventional conflict of laws methods may no longer be viable and should be subject to a thorough re-examination. Against this background, this paper analyses appropriate conflicts rules in international family relations to reflect an individual’s identity. Furthermore, in light of the contemporary law fragmentation, this study also analyses interactions between state law and non-state cultural, religious or customary norms.
Dissimilation, Assimilation and Vowel Reduction: Constraint Interaction in East Slavic Dialects with so-called Dissimilative <i>Akan’e</i> and <i>Jakan’e</i>
Authors: Nesset Tore 
Published: November 2014

This paper presents an Optimality Theory-based analysis of the unstressed vocalism in Russian. It is argued that an account of the so-called dissimilative akan’e and jakan’e patterns in terms of dissimilation alone is simplistic and that the vowel patterns in question arise as a result of complex interaction of three factors, viz. dissimilation, assimilation and vowel reduction.
Learning Environment and the Comprehensive Examination of Nursing Students
Authors: Osic Mervin Amba 
Published: November 2014

The atmosphere of the classroom environment embodies an affective tone in which teaching and learning take place. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship of the learning environment and comprehensive examination results of Tagum Doctors' College Nursing students for school year 2009-2010. This study utilized a descriptive-correlation design of research. Pertinent data were collated through the use of the researcher-made questionnaires as the data-gathering tool and the level comprehensive examination results. The respondents of this study were the 35 first and 50 second-year students enrolled in Tagum Doctors' College, Inc. A complete enumeration was used in identifying the respondents since the same students went through the mandatory exam given by the school, to assess their level of knowledge of both general, special education issues and their specialty area. Using pearson r product moment correlation, findings revealed that there is no significant relationship between the extent of learning environment and the level of comprehensive examination result of both first- year and second-year nursing students in Tagum Doctors' College. This implies that the learning environment does not affect the level of comprehensive examination result of nursing students. This would mean that assessment is not a just a test but can be reflected in the learning process.
Die EU-Richtlinie zur Reduzierung der Kosten des Ausbaus von Breitbandnetzen
Authors: Schuster Fabian , Kubach Laura , Ruhle Ernst-Olav 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Mit der neuen Richtlinie verfolgt der EU-Gesetzgeber ehrgeizige Ziele. Ob sich eine Beschleunigung des Breitbandausbaus mit den vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen im gewünschtenMaße erreichen lässt, ist angesichts der Erfahrungen in Deutschland und Österreich zumindest in Teilen fraglich. In beiden Ländern sind einige Regelungen im Kern bereits umgesetzt, einige Anpassungen müssten jedoch noch vorgenommen werden, manches auch noch neu geregelt werden. Ob die Richtlinie wirklich viel zur Reduzierung der Kosten beitragen wird, ist zweifelhaft. Der Beitrag zeichnet zunächst die Hintergründe auf, auf welche die neue Richtlinie trifft (I.), und analysiert sodann den zu erwartenden Umsetzungsbedarf und die Praktikabilität dieser neuen europarechtlichen Vorgaben (II.)
Kriterien zur Feststellung des medizinischen Standards bei konkurrierenden Behandlungsmethoden
Authors: Dumbs Mathias 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Ein Arzt kann Erfolge nicht garantieren, da die Wirkung seiner Behandlung von Faktoren beeinflusst wird, die sich seiner Kontrolle teilweise entziehen. Als Maßstab seiner Heiltätigkeit dient daher der medizinische Standard (I). Die heutige Medizin hat unterschiedliche methodische Ansätze entwickelt, von denen aus sie an die Unwägbarkeiten ihrer Heilkunst herangeht. Diese Ansätze lassen sich zu einem Katalog aus acht Kriterien zusammenfassen, die auf die Entstehung des medizinischen Standards Einfluss nehmen (II). Dieser Kriterienkatalog hilft den medizinischen Standard bei konkurrierenden Behandlungsmethoden von einem neutralen Standpunkt aus zu erfassen. Der Standard setzt dann keinen direkten Vergleich der medizinischen Richtungen mehr voraus, sondern kann aus einer differenzierten Bewertung der jeweiligen Behandlungsmethoden gewonnen werden (III).
Filterpflichten Des Providers
Authors: Rössel Markus , Rössel Martina 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAnlässlich der Anhörungen zur Formulierung eines Regierungsentwurfes zum neuen Telemediengesetz (vgl. Entwurf des BMWA für ein TMG v. 19.4.2005 unter http://www.iukdg.de/050419_Entwurf_Anhoerung.pdf) werden Überlegungen angestellt, die Verpflichtungen der Diensteanbieter zur Filterung fremder Informationen zur Vermeidung von Rechtsverletzungen Dritter zu konkretisieren bzw. einzuschränken. Der Beitrag stellt den bestehenden Pflichtenumfang anhand der gegenwärtigen Rechtslage und Rechtsprechungsentwicklung dar und gibt einen Überblick über die diskutierten Modelle einer künftigen Regelung der Mitstörerhaftung der Internetprovider.
Cross Border Data Transfer in E-Discoveries in the U.S. and the European and German Privacy Laws
Authors: Patzak Andrea , Hilgard Mark C. , Wybitul Tim 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
European Companies involved in U.S. litigation proceedings are often subject to disclosure requests by the opponent party. In such case they are forced to disclose personal data which are protected by European privacy laws. As European privacy laws do not contain any explicit regulations, this article gives practical guidance how to comply with disclosure requests on the one hand and with the national privacy laws on the other hand.
Copyright Protection for Software Written By Software
Authors: Paton Mark , Morton Jeremy 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A previous article in this journal by the Belgian lawyer Joren De Wachter (CRi 2010, 12-20) discussed ‘software written by software’, and questioned whether a copyright analysis is appropriate and workable in such cases. In this article, deWachter’s views are critiqued by English lawyers who believe that copyright remains appropriate and sufficiently flexible for such situations.
Software Licensing After Oracle v. UsedSoft
Authors: Vinje Thomas , Marsland Vanessa , Gärtner Anette 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn July 2012, the CJEU issued its preliminary ruling in the Oracle v. UsedSoft proceedings. The decision is significant for several reasons, not least because the Court resorted to a surprisingly broad application of the exhaustion principle.This paper will first set out the legal framework of the decision, in particular the relevant provisions of the Software Directive and the Information Society Directive as well as the WIPO Copyright Treaty (I.). Subsequently, the questions raised by the German Federal Supreme Court are briefly outlined (II.). The main part of this paper focuses on the opinions of the Advocate General and the CJEU ruling (III.). In analysing their interpretations of Articles 4(2) and 5(1) of the Software Directive, the paper reveals that neither the Advocate General’s nor the Court’s understanding of the exhaustion principle is consistent with the WIPO Copyright Treaty and the approach in theUS according toVernor v. Autodesk (IV.).This paper endswith concluding comments, which highlight the implications of the CJEU’s decision for copyright owners in general and software vendors in particular (V.). It is argued that it will cause arbitrary distortions in some areas of software licensing. Unless the decision is rendered moot by future legislation, it will take a number of cases to re-balance the interests of the parties involved.
Die englische private limited company im deutschen Steuerrecht (Teil 2)
Authors: Wachter Thomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDie englische private limited Company hat sich innerhalb kürzester Zeit zu einer ernst zu nehmenden Konkurrenz für die deutsche GmbH entwickelt. Zwischenzeitlich soll es über 20000 solcher Gesellschaften geben, die ausschließlich in Deutschland tätig sind. Die Rechtslage ist gleichwohl vielen Bereichen noch weltgehend ungeklärt. Dies gilt nicht nur für das Gesellschafts- und Insolventrecht, sondern auch für das Steuerrecht. Selbst die Finanzverwaltung hat sich bislang mit Stellungnahmen zurückgehalten. Eine erste Äußerung der OFD Hannover ist Anlass, die Behandlung der englischen private limited company im deutschen Steuerrecht näher zu untersuchen.-Im 1. Teil des Beitrags (FR 2006. 358) wurde dargestellt, dass die englische private limited company im deutschen Steuerrecht - ebenso wie eine deutsche GmbH - als Körperschaft zu behandeln ist, die in Deutschland der unbeschränkten Körperschaft- und Gewerbesteuer unterliegt. Im nachfolgenden 2. Teil des Beitrags werden schwerpunktmäßig Fragen der Rechnungslegung und Bilanzierung, der Besteuerung der Gesellschafter sowie der steuerlichen Pflichten der directors erörtert.
Neue Pauschalierungsmöglichkeit bei Sachbezügen für die Lohn- und Einkommensteuer durch das Jahressteuergesetz 2007
Authors: Albert Uwe 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDer Entwurf des Jahressteuergesetzes 2007 enthält eine neue Pauschalierungsregelung in § 37b EStG für Sachbezüge. Der Verf. diskutiert, inwiefern die vorgesehene Regelung gelungen und an welcher Stelle sie noch verbesserungsbedürftig ist.
Kompensation von Steuererhöhungen durch nachträgliche Inanspruchnahme von Investitionsabzugsbeträgen
Authors: Görke Roger 
Published: November 2014

Nach dem Willen des Gesetzgebers soll § 7g EStG die Liquidität, die Eigenkapitalausstattung und die Investitions- und Innovationskraft kleinerer und mittlerer Betriebe verbessern (BT-Drucks. 11/257,8; 12/4487; 16/4841,51; BFH v. 22.8.2012 - X R 21/09, FR 2013, 218). Durch die Inanspruchnahme von Investitionsabzugsbeträgen (§ 7g Abs. 1 bis 4 und 7 EStG n.F.) können Steuerpflichtige - wie durch die zuvor in § 7g Abs. 3 EStG geregelte Ansparabschreibung - nicht nur in der „Ansparphase“ ihre Liquidität verbessern, sondern auch den Gewinn über mehrere Jahre glätten oder einen Verlustrücktrag auslösen, § 7g Abs. 1 Satz 3 i.V.m. § 10d Abs. 1 EStG.Wenn Steuerbescheide zu Ungunsten des Unternehmers geändert wurden oder Mehrsteuern - z.B. infolge eines Betriebsprüfungsberichts - absehbar sind, fragt sich, ob daraus entstehende Liquiditäts- und Zinsnachteile sowie Progressionssprünge vermieden werden können, indem im Gegenzug Investitionsabzugsbeträge erstmals geltend gemacht oder die bereits berücksichtigten Abzugsbeträge erhöht werden. Der Steuerpflichtige bräuchte dann lediglich sein Anlagenverzeichnis durchzusehen und für die innerhalb der dreijährigen Investitionsfrist hinzugekommenen abnutzbaren Wirtschaftsgüter erstmals einen Abzugsbetrag zu bilden oder einen bereits in Anspruch genommenen Abzugsbetrag zu erhöhen, soweit dieser die zulässige Grenze von 40 % der Anschaffungs- oder Herstellungskosten nicht erreicht.Für die nachträgliche Geltendmachung der Ansparabschreibung waren indes formelle und materiellrechtliche Hürden zu nehmen. Inwieweit dies auch für den Investitionsabzugsbetrag nach der durch das Unternehmensteuerreformgesetz 2008 (BGBl. I 2007, 1912; dazu BT-Drucks. 16/4841, 5377, 5452, 5491) geschaffenen aktuellen Gesetzesfassung gilt, soll nachfolgend untersucht werden.