bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonviolent Struggle and Effective Tactics: A Comprehensive Analysis of the otpor Movement
Authors: Popovic Srda , Djinovic Slobodan , Mujkic Edin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This essay thoroughly examines the otpor! movement’s strategic and tactical endeavors from 1998 to 2000, when it played a pivotal role in challenging and eventually overthrowing Slobodan Milošević’s autocratic regime. The paper critically dissects the movement’s strategic and tactical frameworks, elucidating their interconnectedness within nonviolent struggle. Central to otpor!’s effectiveness was its deliberate avoidance of overt political ambitions and alignment with the youth demographic. The movement projected itself as singularly committed to unseating an autocratic leader, countering regime propaganda by foregrounding the nation’s welfare above narrow political interests. The trajectory of the otpor! movement underscores the intricate interplay between strategy and tactics in successful nonviolent movements. By orchestrating a meticulously constructed long-term strategy alongside various innovative tactical maneuvers, otpor! effectively harnessed public sentiment, countered regime dominance and decisively contributed to Serbia’s democratization.
Judicial Corruption in the Post-Reform Era: Assessing the Effectiveness of Legal Reforms in Indonesia
Authors: Kristiana Yudi , Hutahayan Benny 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Reform Movement initiated in 1998 in Indonesia signaled a critical juncture, aimed at dismantling the deeply ingrained corruption that characterized the Soeharto era. Despite considerable legislative initiatives, judicial corruption persists as a formidable obstacle to the effective administration of justice. This study employs progressive law theory to rigorously examine the complex dimensions of judicial corruption, its profound repercussions on the legal framework, and the urgent necessity for substantial legal reforms. Through an exploration of the mechanisms by which corruption infiltrates judicial systems, alongside the systemic alterations necessary for the strengthening of legal institutions, this analysis integrates theoretical perspectives with empirical research to propose a comprehensive framework for enduring anti-corruption strategies specifically designed for Indonesia’s judicial landscape.
Archibald Campbell, Critic of Hobbes
Authors: Douglass Robin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the 1733 edition of An Enquiry into the Original of Moral Virtue, Archibald Campbell added two lengthy discussions of Thomas Hobbes’s views on human nature and sociability. Taken together, these constitute what is probably the most detailed engagement with Hobbes’s thought in the early decades of the eighteenth century, at least amongst British moral philosophers. This article reconstructs and analyses Campbell’s criticisms of Hobbes. In particular, it shows how Campbell responds to the opening chapter of De Cive – where Hobbes had famously denied “that Man is an Animal born fit for Society” – by maintaining that the desire of esteem, or honour, is in fact evidence that humans are naturally sociable creatures. In examining Hobbes’s account of human conflict, Campbell further argues that what Hobbes took to be features of our natural condition arise only once our desire of esteem is corrupted within civil societies.
Ethnic disparities in mental health problems in New Caledonia and French Polynesia
Authors: Sebbane Déborah , Wathelet Marielle , Amadeo Stéphane , Goodfellow Benjamin , Roelandt Jean-Luc , Dourgnon Paul , Chevreul Karine 
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Indigenous people experience poorer mental health compared to the general population. Socioeconomic gaps partly explain these disparities. However, there is variability between populations and French overseas territories are understudied. This study examines the prevalence of mental health problems among Indigenous people in New Caledonia and French Polynesia, describing and comparing it with that of their counterparts while considering associated factors. Methods: We used the data from the cross-sectional Mental Health in the General Population survey in the only 3 sites for which information on indigenous status was available: Noumea (2006) and the ‘Bush’ (2008) in New Caledonia, and French Polynesia (2015–2017). Current mental health issues were screened using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. In multivariable analyses, we considered the following factors: gender, age, education level, marital status, occupational activity and monthly income. Results: Overall, 2294 participants were analysed. Among the 1379 indigenous participants, 52.3% had at least one mental health issue. The prevalence of depressive disorder (18.0% vs 11.7%), alcohol use disorder (16.7% vs 11.7%) and suicide risk (22.3% vs 16.7%) were higher among indigenous participants compared to non-indigenous participants. After adjustment, the association between indigenous status and these mental health issues did not persist, except for alcohol use disorder. Conclusion: We found higher prevalence of depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder and suicide risk among indigenous people of French Polynesia and New Caledonia compared to their counterparts. These differences seemed largely explained by socioeconomic disparities. Future studies could explore the use of and access to healthcare by indigenous populations.
Experimental analysis of the effect of the atomic radius of silica nanoparticles on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly lactic acid nanocomposites
Authors: Nikzad Mohammad Kazem , Ashenai Ghasemi Faramarz , Aghadavoudi Farshid 
Published: August 2024

In this research, the effect of the atomic radius of silica nanoparticles (SiO2) on the tensile and thermal properties of polylactic acid (PLA) based nanocomposites was analyzed. Different nanocomposite samples were made using PLA matrix with three atomic radius ranges of 15–20 nm, 20–30 nm, and 50–70 nm, and three-volume percentages (1, 2, and 3%) SiO2 nanoparticles. First, to observe the state of dispersion of SiO2 nanoparticles in the fabricated samples, photographs were taken with the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the platinum coating method. FESEM images showed that 15–20 nm and 20–30 nm nanoparticles were better dispersed in the PLA matrix than 50–70 nm due to their smaller size. Then experimental tests were performed on the samples and parameters of modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) were measured. The results of the experiments showed that 15–20 nm SiO2 nanoparticles caused a 1% decrease in modulus of elasticity, a 2% decrease in tensile strength, and a 3.5% increase in HDT temperature. 20–30 nm SiO2 nanoparticles increased the modulus of elasticity by 8.8%, tensile strength by 1.8%, and HDT temperature by 1%. 50–70 nm SiO2 nanoparticles also caused a 3.3% increase in modulus of elasticity, a 1.1% increase in tensile strength, and a 4% increase in HDT temperature. The results showed that besides the volume fraction, the size of the reinforcing nanoparticles is also an effective factor in the mechanical properties of PLA nanocomposites.
“Establishing Policy Is Just Step One of Twenty”: How Educational Policy Protections, District Practices, and Leadership Matter to Trans PK–12 School Workers
Authors: McQuillan Mollie T. , Iskander Lee , Suárez Mario I. , Keenan Harper B. 
Published: August 2024

Background/Context: While trans adults in the U.S. and Canada report higher levels of discrimination and harassment than cisgender adults, but the existing literature lacks comprehensive descriptions of trans school workers’ believes about what would improve working conditions, satisfaction, and safety. Purpose: We interrogate systemic forces shaping PK-12 trans educators’ workplace experiences through two research questions: (1) What educational reforms did trans PK–12 workers believe would improve working conditions? (2) Did greater policy, organizational, and leadership support contribute to improved job satisfaction and safety? Research Design: The critical quantitative study employed cross-sectional, online survey data from 341 trans school workers in Canada and the United States. We used frequencies to descripe respondents’ rankings of reforms and logistic regression analysis to examine whether respondents’ reports of greater policy protections, organizational supports, and affirming leadership constributed to greater workplace safety and satisfaction. Conclusions/Recommendations: Trans workers reporting safer, more satisfactory school workplaces also indicate their workplaces have multiple tools across socio-ecological systems to disrupt cisnormativity. Policy protections topped workers’ rankings of beneficial reforms, but logistic regression analysis revealed policies mitigated only the most egregious physical safety concerns. Greater organizational supports and affirming leaders consistently contribute to satisfaction and safety. Policies, organizational practices, and leadership approaches working in tandem contribute to safe, satisfying workplaces for PK-12 trans school employees.
A Qualitative Study on Lived Experiences of Psychotherapists Working with Trauma
Authors: Baruah Tanmayee , Pramanik Soma , Ray Deepshikha 
Published: August 2024

Background: Psychotherapists, while treating clients with a history of traumatic experiences, are exposed to vicarious trauma, which affects their mental health as well as their quality of caregiving. The present research tries to gain an insight into the lived experiences of psychotherapists while treating clients with traumatic experiences. Methods: In-depth individual interviews were conducted with five psychotherapists (two males and three females) with a minimum duration of continuous professional practice of 3.5 years and all of them above 30 years of age. The interviews were conducted for 30–45 minutes and recorded after taking informed consent from the participants. The data was analyzed and interpreted using the interpretative phenomenological analysis. Investigator triangulation was done to ensure the trustworthiness of the research. Results: The analysis reveals that the participants have experienced vicarious trauma from their therapeutic interaction with their clients on their traumatic issues, particularly during the initial phases of their career as a psychotherapist. Some of them feel that such experiences, despite being distressing, have also empowered them psychologically. The participants have reported using constructive coping strategies to deal with such vicarious trauma, such as emotional distancing, journaling, seeking personal therapy and social support, reading, physical exercise, and self-care activities.
Minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation versus conventional cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing cardiac surgery (MiECS): Rationale and design of a multicentre randomised trial
Authors: Anastasiadis Kyriakos , Antonitsis Polychronis , Papazisis Georgios , Haidich Bettina , Liebold Andreas , Punjabi Prakash , Gunaydin Serdar , El-Essawi Aschraf , Rao Vivek , Serrick Cyril , Condello Ignazio , Nasso Giuseppe , Bozok Sahin , Daylan Ahmet , Argiriadou Helena , Deliopoulos Apostolos , Karapanagiotidis Georgios , Ashkanani Fatma , Moorjani Narain , Cale Alex , Erdoes Gabor , Bennett Mark , Starinieri Pascal , Carrel Thierry , Murkin John 
Published: August 2024

Introduction The ultimate answer to the question whether minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation (MiECC) represents the optimal perfusion technique in contemporary clinical practice remains elusive. The present study is a real-world study that focuses on specific perfusion-related clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery that could potentially be favourably affected by MiECC and thereby influence the future clinical practice. Methods The MiECS study is an international, multi-centre, two-arm randomized controlled trial. Patients undergoing elective or urgent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), aortic valve replacement (AVR) or combined procedure (CABG + AVR) using extracorporeal circulation will be randomized to MiECC or contemporary conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (cCPB). Use of optimized conventional circuits as controls is acceptable. The study design includes a range of features to prevent bias and is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05487612). Results The primary outcome is a composite of postoperative serious adverse events that could be related to perfusion technique occurring up to 30 days postoperatively. Secondary outcomes include use of blood products, ICU and hospital length of stay (30 days) as well as health-related quality of life (30 and 90 days). Conclusions The MiECS trial has been designed to overcome perceived limitation of previous trials of MiECC. Results of the proposed study could affect current perfusion practice towards advancement of patient care.
Chronic Cannabis users exhibit altered oscillatory dynamics and functional connectivity serving visuospatial processing
Authors: Castelblanco Camilo A , Springer Seth D , Schantell Mikki , John Jason A , Coutant Anna T , Horne Lucy K , Glesinger Ryan , Eastman Jacob A , Wilson Tony W 
Published: August 2024

Background: Cannabis is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the United States. While multiple studies have associated acute cannabis consumption with alterations in cognitive function (e.g., visual and spatial attention), far less is known regarding the effects of chronic consumption on the neural dynamics supporting these cognitive functions. Methods: We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and an established visuospatial processing task to elicit multi-spectral neuronal responses in 44 regular cannabis users and 53 demographically matched non-user controls. To examine the effects of chronic cannabis use on the oscillatory dynamics underlying visuospatial processing, neural responses were imaged using a time-frequency resolved beamformer and compared across groups. Results: Neuronal oscillations serving visuospatial processing were identified in the theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–14 Hz), and gamma range (56–76 Hz), and these were imaged and examined for group differences. Our key results indicated that users exhibited weaker theta oscillations in occipital and cerebellar regions and weaker gamma responses in the left temporal cortices compared to non-users. Lastly, alpha oscillations did not differ, but alpha connectivity among higher-order attention areas was weaker in cannabis users relative to non-users and correlated with performance. Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that chronic cannabis users have alterations in the oscillatory dynamics and neural connectivity serving visuospatial attention. Such alterations were observed across multiple cortical areas critical for higher-order processing and may reflect compensatory activity and/or the initial emergence of aberrant dynamics. Future work is needed to fully understand the implications of altered multispectral oscillations and neural connectivity in cannabis users.
Comparison of QCT and DEXA findings for lumbar vertebra in young adults and the elderly
Authors: Açikgöz Güneş , Bora Aydın , Nur Süreyya 
Published: August 2024

Background The use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) methods are important for the diagnosis and follow-up of osteoporosis, and are used especially in cases to determine the degree of osteoporosis and the risk of fracture, monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment applied. Purpose To compare the parameters measured using the DEXA method from the lumbar (L1-L4) vertebrae and the Hounsfield unit (HU) values measured with QCT at the same levels among young adults and the elderly. Material and Methods The study included 155 patients (age range = 26–93 years). A total of 57 (36.8%) patients (age range = 26–64 years) were defined as the first group, and 98 (63.2%) patients (aged ≥65 years) were defined as the second group. T-test and correlation analysis were performed to compare bone mineral density (BMD), T score, and HU values measured using DEXA and QCT. Results A statistically significant difference was found between T score, lumbar total BMD, and HU values according to age and sex ( P < 0.05). When the values measured from lumbar vertebrae were compared using both DEXA and CT, a high correlation was found between them. Conclusion In the study, it was observed that QCT attenuation measurements of the lumbar spine measured between different age groups provided reliable results in terms of BMD scanning, as in DEXA. It should be noted that QCT has a longer imaging time and higher radiation dose compared to DEXA, and unnecessary scans should be avoided.
Comparing the trends of MBS telepsychiatry and consultant physician telehealth services from 2017 to 2022: A retrospective study
Authors: Woon Luke S-C , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Kisely Steve , Maguire Paul , Pring William , Reay Rebecca , Looi Jeffrey CL 
Published: August 2024

Objective The Medicare Benefit Schedule (MBS) telehealth items were expanded in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. We measured the use of MBS telepsychiatry items compared to consultant physician telehealth items within the context of these item changes, to understand differences in telepsychiatry and physician telehealth utilisation. Methods Monthly counts of face-to-face and telehealth (videoconferencing and telephone) MBS items for psychiatrists and physicians from January 2017 to December 2022 were compiled from Services Australia MBS Item Reports. Usage levels were compared before and after telehealth item expansion. Usage trends for MBS telepsychiatry and physician telehealth items were compared in time-series plots. Results Telehealth item expansion resulted in a greater rise of telepsychiatry services from 3.8% beforehand to 43.8% of total services subsequently, compared with physician telehealth services (from 0.6% to 20.0%). More physician telehealth services were by telephone compared with telepsychiatry services. Time-series of both telehealth services displayed similar patterns until mid-2022, when physician telehealth services declined as telephone items were restricted. Telepsychiatry services consistently comprised a greater proportion of total services than physician telehealth services. Conclusions MBS psychiatrist services showed a more substantial and persistent shift to telehealth than physician services, suggesting a greater preference and use of telepsychiatry.
Effectiveness of cladribine compared to fingolimod, natalizumab, ocrelizumab and alemtuzumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Roos Izanne , Sharmin Sifat , Malpas Charles , Ozakbas Serkan , Lechner-Scott Jeannette , Hodgkinson Suzanne , Alroughani Raed , Eichau Madueño Sara , Boz Cavit , van der Walt Anneke , Butzkueven Helmut , Buzzard Katherine , Skibina Olga , Foschi Matteo , Grand’Maison Francois , John Nevin , Grammond Pierre , Terzi Murat , Prévost Julie , Barnett Michael , Laureys Guy , Van Hijfte Liesbeth , Luis Sanchez-Menoyo Jose , Blanco Yolanda , Oh Jiwon , McCombe Pamela , Ramo Tello Cristina , Soysal Aysun , Prat Alexandre , Duquette Pierre , Yamout Bassem I , Khoury Samia , van Pesch Vincent , Macdonell Richard , José Sá Maria , Slee Mark , Kuhle Jens , Maimone Davide , Spitaleri Daniele LA , Willekens Barbara , Asmi Abdallah Al , Tallantyre Emma , Robertson Neil P , Coles Alasdair , L Brown J William , Kalincik Tomas 
Published: August 2024

Background: Comparisons between cladribine and other potent immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) are lacking. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of cladribine against fingolimod, natalizumab, ocrelizumab and alemtuzumab in relapsing-remitting MS. Methods: Patients with relapsing-remitting MS treated with cladribine, fingolimod, natalizumab, ocrelizumab or alemtuzumab were identified in the global MSBase cohort and two additional UK centres. Patients were followed for ⩾6/12 and had ⩾3 in-person disability assessments. Patients were matched using propensity score. Four pairwise analyses compared annualised relapse rates (ARRs) and disability outcomes. Results: The eligible cohorts consisted of 853 (fingolimod), 464 (natalizumab), 1131 (ocrelizumab), 123 (alemtuzumab) or 493 (cladribine) patients. Cladribine was associated with a lower ARR than fingolimod (0.07 vs. 0.12, p = 0.006) and a higher ARR than natalizumab (0.10 vs. 0.06, p = 0.03), ocrelizumab (0.09 vs. 0.05, p = 0.008) and alemtuzumab (0.17 vs. 0.04, p < 0.001). Compared to cladribine, the risk of disability worsening did not differ in patients treated with fingolimod (hazard ratio (HR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–2.47) or alemtuzumab (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.26–2.07), but was lower for patients treated with natalizumab (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13–0.94) and ocrelizumab (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.26–0.78). There was no evidence for a difference in disability improvement. Conclusion: Cladribine is an effective therapy that can be viewed as a step up in effectiveness from fingolimod, but is less effective than the most potent intravenous MS therapies.
Better perceived health among the Swedish-speaking minority as compared with the Finnish-speaking majority in Finland: a cross-sectional study with an intergenerational perspective
Authors: Suominen Sakari , Stark Ekman Diana , Saarela Jan , Volanen Salla-Maarit , Stenlund Säde , Sillanmäki Lauri , Sumanen Markku 
Published: August 2024

Background: Previous research has shown that the Swedish speaking minority in Finland has slightly but significantly better health compared with the Finnish speaking majority. However, a clear explanation for this is lacking. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore differences of perceived health comparing three groups: Swedish speakers with reported dominance of Swedish also in the preceding generation; contemporary Finnish speakers with reported dominance of Finnish in the preceding generation and a group with a reported mixed-language structure of Finnish and Swedish between generations. Individuals and methods: Health and Social Support is an on-going population-based survey initiated in 1998 ( N = 64,797), aimed at working-age adults. The present study is based on the 2012 follow-up survey, which included a question on the dominating language (Swedish or Finnish) of the respondents and their parents. The outcome was perceived health, which in this study was dichotomized to very good/good and intermediate/poor/very poor. The statistical analysis was carried with logistic regression, using SAS software. Age, gender and occupational training were included as covariates in the multivariable analysis. Results: This study found that the Swedish-speaking group in Finland report better perceived health compared with the Finnish-speaking group (odds ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.57, p < 0.001). The health of the mixed language-speaking group fell between the other two groups. Conclusions: The results gave some support to a culturally mediated mechanism for the health advantage of Swedish speakers. Cultural features of Swedish-speaking groups in Finland may also support health promotion of the Finnish-speaking majority.