bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy for elderly patients with severe aplastic anaemia
Authors: Prabahran Ashvind , Durrani Jibran , Coelho‐Da Silva Juan , Shalhoub Ruba , Lotter Jennifer , Rios Olga , Ritchie David S. , Wu Colin O. , Patel Bhavisha A. , Young Neal S. , Groarke Emma M. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryUncertainty remains regarding the safety and tolerability of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine (CSA) in older patients. We retrospectively analysed two prospective clinical trials of IST in treatment‐naïve severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) to assess safety in older compared to younger patients. Patients ≥18 years of age who had received IST with ATG and CSA +/− eltrombopag (EPAG) were included. Pre‐treatment baseline characteristics and co‐morbidities were assessed as predictors of therapy‐related complications in younger (<60 years) versus older (≥60 years) patients. Out of 245 eligible patients, 54 were older and 191 were younger. Older patients had a similar frequency of SAEs, ICU admissions and hospital length of stay compared to younger patients. Older patients had a higher frequency of cardiac events related to IST, but none resulted in death. Older patients had worse long‐term overall survival, and more relapse and clonal evolution post‐IST. However, older patients who responded to IST had a similar survival at a median follow‐up to younger patients. Disease‐related factors and limited therapeutic options in refractory disease likely contribute to poorer outcomes in older patients, not complications of upfront IST. Therefore, IST should be considered first‐line therapy for most older SAA patients.
Penile intraepithelial neoplasia incidence, clinical classification, microenvironment and implications for imiquimod treatment
Authors: Avitan Ofir , Rafael Tynisha , Vreeburg Manon , Elst Laura , Bekers Elise M. , Albersen Maarten , Jordanova Ekaterina S. , Brouwer Oscar 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo provide an outline of the existing data on penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN), as well as a narrative review on imiquimod (IQ; a toll‐like receptor 7 agonist) treatment and immune microenvironment markers that may predict response to treatment.MethodsA narrative review of the literature from 2000 to the present was conducted on PubMed, and we describe the most relevant data and cross references.ResultsThe incidence of PeIN is increasing. Local therapy with IQ may offer an easy applicable treatment with complete response rates of up to 63% but can be associated with considerable side‐effects. There is no conclusive data on the optimal treatment schedule for PeIN, but evaluation of treatment results for other human papillomavirus‐related pre‐malignancies suggest three times a week for a duration up to 16 weeks. There are no published studies concerning the PeIN immune microenvironment. However, findings from the few studies on penile cancer and pre‐cancerous vulvar and cervical lesions imply that specific immune cell subpopulations can serve as future predictors for successful immunomodulation treatments such as IQ.ConclusionsOverall, limited data are available on IQ treatment for PeIN and no published data exists on the PeIN immune microenvironment. Further translational studies are warranted to gain more understanding on the pathophysiology of PeIN and potential predictors of progression and of response to topical treatments.
Technology market, product market and aggregate innovation
Authors: Xia Shiyun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the growth maximization mix for intellectual property rights (IPR) in an economy in which incumbents and outside inventors endogenously choose how to develop inventions and commercialization strategies, both of which determine the innovation rate. Outside inventors can choose to commercialize their inventions by (i) launching a new product or (ii) selling to incumbents. I find that if inventors all sell on the technology market, then protecting inventors' patents from imitation by firms raises aggregate innovation. If, instead, all inventors enter the product market, the IPR policy that regulates the ability of incumbents' patents to block the entry of improved products faces a trade‐off between innovation from existing firms and inventors, which leads to a single‐peaked relationship between economic growth and the blocking strength. When both commercialization strategies are chosen, a balanced IPR policy can raise aggregate innovation by encouraging inventors to choose the more efficient commercialization method.
Systematic review of educator behaviours associated with physical activity of early years children
Authors: Wright Chris , Kirkhope Sarah , Buckler E. Jean 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEducators in early years settings influence children's physical activity (PA) levels through their pedagogical choices and behaviours. To date, minimal research has been conducted on the relationship between educator action and children's PA levels. The purpose of this systematic review was to understand which educator behaviours and actions in early years settings have been shown to engage children in PA.MethodsFive online databases (Academic Search Complete, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL Complete and PubMed) were searched for articles that showed an association between educator behaviour and the PA level of children between the ages of zero and eight.ResultsEleven studies met all inclusion criteria, yet showed great variability in design and data collection methods. The risk of bias was assessed using previously published criteria adapted to this study and inline with the CONSORT statement. A binomial test on the data revealed a statistically significant deviation from chance expectation (p < .001) in relation to educator action influencing child PA. Ten of the studies focussed on educator PA, four studies highlighted the use of prompting and encouragement, three studies analysed broad statements of adult interaction, two studies called for planning activity sessions and discussions and two studies encouraged role modelling. The low number of studies included in the review and the high risk of bias indicates that caution with these results is needed.ConclusionsWhile this review highlights the importance of educator PA (and other behaviours that had a positive association) on child PA level, it underscores the need for high‐quality research to examine the relationship between educator actions and child PA. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022338819).
Predictors of animal sponsorship to support zoo‐based conservation activities
Authors: Doarks Thomas , Arbuckle Kevin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPublic donations are an important form of fundraising for zoos and are used to support conservation activities. Understanding what influences zoo animal sponsorship by the public is crucial if zoos are to optimize strategies for increasing income from sponsors. Using sponsorship data obtained from seven diverse zoos within the UK, we used a phylogenetically informed approach to investigate predictors of the number of sponsors a species receives. We found no support for an effect of body mass, conservation status, solitary versus group housing, phylogenetic distance from humans, daily activity patterns, or the diet of the species on the number of sponsors a species attracts. However, we found strong phylogenetic signal, suggesting that particular groups of animals attract disproportionate sponsorship attention (but the specific species within these groups is of limited importance). Moreover, we found support for species with common names that are found toward the start of the alphabet having more sponsors. This is likely driven by the common practice of listing species that can be sponsored in alphabetical order when presenting them to potential sponsors (with people being more likely to choose species near the start of a list). Interestingly, the lack of effect of body mass, phylogenetic distance, and conservation status contrast with previous work on non‐zoo conservation preferences, suggesting possible differences between motivations of zoo and non‐zoo conservation donors, or between animal sponsorship and other forms of conservation involvement. We suggest two strategies for maximizing sponsorship for zoo animals. If zoos manage sponsorship income as a collective pool then allowing sponsorship of a range of species within particularly well‐sponsored animal groups should improve uptake. Alternatively, if zoos allocate sponsorship income to the specific species sponsored, then funding may be effectively diverted to priority species simply by altering the order of lists of animals which can be sponsored.
Cardio‐Renal‐Metabolic Outcomes Associated With the Use of GLP‐1 Receptor Agonists After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Donald Elena M. , Driggin Elissa , Choe Jason , Batra Jaya , Vargas Fabian , Lindekens Jordan , Fried Justin A. , Raikhelkar Jayant K. , Bae David J. , Oh Kyung T. , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Colombo Paolo C. , Latif Farhana , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir , Clerkin Kevin J. , DeFilippis Ersilia M. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe use of glucagon‐like‐peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1‐RA) has dramatically increased over the past 5 years for diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and obesity. These comorbidities are prevalent in adult heart transplant (HT) recipients. However, there are limited data evaluating the efficacy of this drug class in this population. The aim of the current study was to describe cardiometabolic changes in HT recipients prescribed GLP1‐RA at a large‐volume transplant center.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all adult HT recipients who received GLP1‐RA after HT for a minimum of 1‐month. Cardiometabolic parameters including body mass index (BMI), lipid panel, hemoglobin A1C, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and NT‐proBNP were compared prior to initiation of the drug and at most recent follow‐up. We also evaluated for significant dose adjustments to immunosuppression after drug initiation and adverse effects leading to drug discontinuation.ResultsSeventy‐four patients were included (28% female, 53% White, 20% Hispanic) and followed for a median of 383 days [IQR 209, 613] on a GLP1‐RA. The majority of patients (n = 56, 76%) were prescribed semaglutide. The most common indication for prescription was T2DM alone (n = 33, 45%), followed by combined T2DM and obesity (n = 26, 35%). At most recent follow‐up, mean BMI decreased from 33.3 to 31.5 kg/m2 (p < 0.0001), HbA1C from 7.3% to 6.7% (p = 0.005), LDL from 78.6 to 70.3 mg/dL (p = 0.018) and basal insulin daily dose from 32.6 to 24.8 units (p = 0.0002).ConclusionHT recipients prescribed GLP1‐RA therapy showed improved glycemic control, weight loss, and cholesterol levels during the study follow‐up period. GLP1‐RA were well tolerated and were rarely associated with changes in immunosuppression dosing.
Prevalence of very high cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population‐based cross‐sectional screening study
Authors: Wang Weihao , Qiao Jingtao , Zhang Lina , Zhang Jie , Luo Jingyi , Chen Chen , Wang Xiaoxia , Jia Peng , Zhang Jia , Pan Qi , Guo Lixin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThe 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines categorize cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Assessing CVD risk is necessary to identify individuals at very high risk of CVD, enabling tailored and precise intervention for this high‐risk population. This study aims to evaluate the severity of a very high risk for CVD stratification among patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) across different regions in China.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional screening study from 1 January 2020 to 30 December 2022. Disease duration, body mass index (BMI), targeted organ damage, such as atherosclerotic heart disease, proteinuria, impaired renal function, left ventricular hypertrophy, retinopathy and known CVD risk factors, were collected from diabetic patients by professionally trained physicians. The risk of CV in patients with DM was categorized into two groups: very high risk and others, according to the 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines.ResultsIn total, 1 870 720 participants from 1669 hospitals in 30 provinces of China, excluding Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, were enrolled from 2020 to 2022, among whom 67.50% of patients with T2DM were at very high risk for CVD. The proportions of very high‐risk T2DM were higher in Northeast China (75.82%), Central China (73.65%) and Southwest China (72.66%), while the lowest prevalence of very high‐risk T2DM was found in Southern China (60.15%). The multivariate binary logistic regression analyses suggested that the category of very high risk for CVD is associated with age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04‐1.04; p < .0001], BMI (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.07‐1.07; p < .0001), duration of DM (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.05‐1.05; p < .0001), hypertension (OR = 3.75; 95% CI: 3.72‐3.78; p < .0001), dyslipidaemia (OR = 5.22; 95% CI: 5.18‐5.27; p < .0001) and smoking (OR = 2.92; 95% CI: 2.89‐2.95; p < .0001).ConclusionsThis study represented the largest observational study of CVD risk assessment in patients with T2DM in China. The CVD risk situation of patients with diabetes in China is critical, and comprehensive control and management of CVD risk factors, such as hypertension, BMI and dyslipidaemia, in patients with DM need to be strengthened in patients with T2DM in China.
Collet–Sicard syndrome due to cervical artery dissection disclosed by high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Theodorou Aikaterini , Lachanis Stefanos , Papagiannopoulou Georgia , Maili Maria , Pachi Ioanna , Velonakis Georgios , Bakola Eleni , Vassilopoulou Sofia , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeCervical artery dissection (CAD) represents a leading cause of unilateral lower cranial nerve IX–XII palsy, known as Collet–Sicard syndrome (CSS). High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR‐MRI) is widely used in the evaluation of patients with CAD, providing information regarding vessel wall abnormalities and intraluminal thrombus.MethodsWe present a patient with palsy of multiple lower cranial nerves in the context of CSS, attributed to unilateral spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection.ResultsWe describe a 68‐year‐old man with unremarkable previous history, who presented with subacute, gradually worsening dysphagia and hoarse voice. Clinical examination revealed right‐sided palsy of cranial nerves IX–XII. Three‐dimensional fat‐saturated black‐blood T1‐weighted high‐resolution vessel wall imaging disclosed spontaneous dissection with intramural hematoma along the distal right internal carotid artery. Neck MRI showed inward displacement of right aryepiglottic fold, right pyriform sinus dilatation, and right true vocal cord in middle position, indicative of right vagus nerve palsy, atrophy of right trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, due to right spinal accessory nerve palsy, and unilateral tongue atrophy with fatty infiltration, characteristic for right hypoglossal nerve palsy.ConclusionsThis case highlights the utility of high‐resolution vessel wall imaging and especially fat‐saturated T1‐weighted black‐blood SPACE (sampling perfection with application‐optimized contrast using different flip‐angle evolutions) sequences in the accurate diagnosis of CAD, revealing the characteristic mural hematoma and intimal flap. HR‐MRI is also valuable in the recognition of indirect signs of lower cranial nerve compression.
Pyroptosis and its role in autoimmune skin disease
Authors: Yao Yuanjun , Wang Zehong , Li Junqin , Peng Aihong , Cao Yue , Liang Nannan , Zhang Kaiming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAutoimmune skin disease is a kind of heterogeneous disease with complicated pathogenesis. Many factors such as genetic, infectious, environmental and even psychological factors may interact together to trigger a synergistic effect for the development of abnormal innate and adaptive immune responses. Although the exact mechanisms remain unclear, recent evidence suggests that pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in the development of autoimmune skin disease. The feature of pyroptosis is the first formation of pores in cellular membranes, then cell rupture and the release of intracellular substances and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and IL‐18. This hyperactive inflammatory programmed cell death damages the homeostasis of the immune system and advances autoimmunity. This review briefly summarises the molecular regulatory mechanisms of pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and gasdermin family, as well as the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, highlights the latest progress of pyroptosis in autoimmune skin disease, including systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and systemic scleroderma and attempts to identify its potential advantages as a therapeutic target or prognostic biomarker for these diseases.
Effect of Lactobacillus gasseriBIO6369 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosusBIO5326 on Gastric Carcinogenesis Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Jauvain Marine , Lepied Gorann , Bénéjat Lucie , Roudier Nathalie , Dussert Christelle , Lehours Philippe , Varon Christine , Bessède Emilie 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHelicobacter pylori infection‐associated gastric adenocarcinoma is influenced by various factors, including the digestive microbiota. Lactic acid bacteria role in digestive carcinogenesis has been discussed, and some Lactobacillaceae family species have been shown to act against H. pylori‐induced inflammation and colonization. However, their effects on H. pylori‐related carcinogenesis have not yet been studied. Lactobacillaceae family effects on the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), emergence of cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties and the pro‐inflammatory response of gastric epithelial cells to H. pylori infection were investigated.Materials and MethodsA co‐culture model of AGS gastric epithelial cells infected with a carcinogenic strain of H. pylori associated with 18 different probiotic strains candidates were used. Different EMT indicators and CSC properties were studied, including quantification of the mesenchymal phenotype, tumorsphere formation, EMT marker expression, and tight junction evaluation with immunofluorescence microscopy. The effect of the strains on the pro‐inflammatory response to H. pylori was also evaluated by quantifying interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) production using ELISA.ResultsAmong the strains tested, Lactobacillus gasseri BIO6369 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus BIO5326 induced a 30.6% and 38.4% reduction in the mesenchymal phenotype, respectively, caused a significant decrease in Snail and Zeb1 EMT marker expression and prevented the loss of tight junctions induced by H. pylori infection. A separate co‐culture with a Boyden chamber maintained the effects induced by the two strains. H. pylori‐induced IL‐8 production was also significantly reduced in the presence of L. gasseri BIO6369 and L. rhamnosus BIO5326.ConclusionLactobacillus gasseri BIO6369 and L. rhamnosus BIO5326 strains decreased epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and inflammation induced by H. pylori infection, suggesting that these species may have a protective effect against H. pylori‐induced gastric carcinogenesis.
The effect of TiO2/Yb2O3 binary sintering aids on the properties of UV‐cured Al2O3‐based ceramics
Authors: Miao Xinyu , Liu Shuangyu , Lu Ping , Chu Hongtao , Zhang Fulong , Huang Chuanjin , Wang Liyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, an Al2O3‐based ceramic pastes with high solid content and low viscosity for photocuring was prepared. The effects of TiO2/Yb2O3 binary sintering aid on the rheological properties, curing behavior, and bending strength of the sintered parts were systematically investigated. Ceramic samples with an intact surface and no defects were prepared through debinding in various atmospheres followed by pressure‐less sintering at 1600°C. The bending strength of the sintered material was 329 MPa, which represents a 231% increase compared to the bending strength of 99.4 MPa for pure Al2O3 ceramic material prepared using the same process, with the highest recorded bending strength reaching 478.47 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that the binary sintering aid acts as a bridge between grains by forming a solid solution with Al2O3 powder at high temperatures, which decreased the pore size and number between Al2O3 ceramic grains, thereby enhancing the bending strength of the ceramics. The prepared ceramic pastes is expected to meet the manufacturing requirements of high‐performance ceramic substrates and accelerate the development of high‐performance ceramic substrate processing technology.
The effect of web‐designed education on medication adherence, asthma control and fatigue in patients with asthma: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Erdoğan Eylül Gülnur , Örsal Özlem 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to determine the effect of web‐designed education developed for asthma patients on drug adherence, asthma control and fatigue.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was conducted between August 2021 and January 2022 with 200 individuals suffering from poor asthma control who participated in web‐designed education. After the intervention, the asthma patients were followed up for 6 weeks to measure Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma Fatigue Scale (CAFS), Asthma Control Test (ACT) and Inhalation Devices Usage Techniques Knowledge Test (IDUSTKT). Data were analysed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program using the Chi‐square test, Independent t‐test, Man–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, Paired t‐test, Greenhouse–Geisser (F) test and Linear regression.ResultsThe web‐designed education had a statistically significant effect on the total scores of CAFS, ACT and IDUSTKT for individuals with asthma (p < 0.001). This intervention decreased fatigue levels, improved asthma control and enhanced knowledge of inhalation device usage techniques. Although there was an improvement in medication adherence, this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionThese results suggest that web‐based educational programs can be an effective tool in asthma management and may improve patients' quality of life. Future research should examine the long‐term effects of such educational programs and their effectiveness across different demographic groups in more detail.
Migration and inflation nexus under high and low interest rate environments: Some panel data evidence
Authors: Salisu Afees A. , Muhammad Rabia Abdul , Saliu Mojeed O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes the relationship between migration and inflation as well as the intervening role of interest rates in selected OECD countries from 1995 to 2020, covering periods of turbulence and tranquillity. The study finds that migration increases inflation in the short run but lowers it in the long run. In other words, the inflationary effect of migration is a long‐run phenomenon. Additionally, we find that the high interest rates help mitigate the inflationary effect of migration in the short run relative to the low interest rates. Moreover, additional analysis using the panel threshold technique further lends credence to the mediating role of interest rates in the nexus, thus making our results robust to alternative estimation techniques. These findings have significant implications for policymakers responsible for managing inflation.