bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully integrated Si/SiGe BiCMOS phototransistor: hydrodynamical simulation of the photogenerated carriers
Authors: Thary Valentin , Algani Catherine , Polleux Jean-Luc , Chevalier Pascal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents for the first time the implementation of an Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar phototransistor (HPT) into an STMicroelectronics BiCMOS technology together with the development of hydrodynamical model that fits in a trustable manner the measured opto-microwave performance. The developed hydrodynamical model relies on a precise topology analysis of the HPT and an efficient optical absorption coefficient model. It is key to predict the optimization required for the HPT. Simulation results with responsivities of 0.92 A/W and bandwidth of 1.55 GHz are obtained at low

$V_{\scriptsize{\text{CE}}}=2$

V and for small devices with

$2 \times 2\,\unicode{x00B5} \text{m}^{2}$

optical window. Simulation results are used to identify the best horizontal geometry that maximizes the gain–bandwidth product of the HPT. The behavior of the photo-generated carriers in the active region of the device is investigated.
Military chaplains and equivalent religious personnel under international humanitarian law
Authors: Bartles-Smith Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article explores the implications of attaching military chaplains and similar religious personnel to State and non-State fighting forces, and what this means for international humanitarian law (IHL). IHL assigns religious personnel a non-combatant humanitarian function equivalent to medical personnel, stipulating that they should perform exclusively religious duties. This underestimates the scope of “religious” activity, however, particularly the moral dimension of their ministry and the force-multiplying and restraining effects that this has on combatant behaviour. As representatives of non-State institutions embedded within military structures, many religious personnel also enjoy a unique degree of access to – and separation from – the chain of command, and can leverage this autonomy to influence the conduct of hostilities. The more that religious personnel are invested in the achievement of a fighting force's military objectives and are involved in its military operations, the likelier it is that they will test the parameters of their humanitarian function, and the protections they enjoy, under IHL. Moreover, some clerics associated with fighting forces do not aspire to non-combatant or exclusively humanitarian status, and should not be considered religious personnel. It is in the midst of armed conflict that religious personnel are most needed, however, and the tensions and ambiguities between their religious and military support functions are integral to their cross-cutting role. The contribution that religious personnel can make to humanizing war, and socializing IHL or corresponding religious principles, depends on them being present to support combatants and not confining themselves to a separate, but less effectual, humanitarian space. Criteria for their humanitarian exclusivity, attachment to fighting forces and protections under IHL therefore require some clarification.
Relationship Between Responses in Hydrological and Terrestrial Carbon Cycles to the 1815 Tambora Volcanic Eruption in MIROC‐ES2L
Authors: Abe Manabu , Hajima Tomohiro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo clarify how the hydrological cycle response affects the terrestrial carbon cycle response to volcanic eruption forcing, we investigated these responses and their relationships in an ideal simulation of the 1815 eruption of the Tambora volcano using an Earth system model called MIROC‐ES2L. We compared the responses of the hydrological cycle with different timescales between land and ocean within approximately 5 years after the eruption. On land, because of a decrease in shortwave radiation (SW) due to the volcanic forcing, evaporation and precipitation decreased immediately after the eruption, and also cloud cover decreased and worked to increase SW, contrary to the volcanic forcing. In the ocean, the decrease in precipitation was more pronounced after approximately a year after the eruption. Thus, we noted a clear land‐ocean contrast in weakening the global average response of the hydrological cycle. The global mean gross primary production (GPP) in terrestrial ecosystems has increased since the eruption. This increase is mainly due to the rise of tropical GPP, which was attributable to the reduced cloud cover caused by volcanic force. While the volcanic forcing decreased SW in most terrestrial areas, the reduced cloud cover contributed to the GPP increase through the increase in SW. The relationship between these responses highlights the importance of reducing uncertainty in Earth system models related to the response of the hydrological cycle, such as clouds, to reduce uncertainty in the carbon cycle's response to volcanic eruptions.
A large field of view 2- and 3-photon microscope
Authors: Waters Jack 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A new multiphoton fluorescence microscope has been developed, offering cellular resolution across a large field of view deep within biological tissues. This opens new possibilities across a range of biological sciences, particularly within neuroscience where optical approaches can reveal signaling in real time throughout an extended network of cells distributed through the brain of an awake, behaving mouse.
3D printing of micro-nano devices and their applications
Authors: Zhang Naibo , Wang Zilai , Zhao Zixin , Zhang Dongxing , Feng Junyu , Yu Linghao , Lin Zhanhong , Guo Qiuquan , Huang Jianming , Mao Junfa , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, the utilization of 3D printing technology in micro and nano device manufacturing has garnered significant attention. Advancements in 3D printing have enabled achieving sub-micron level precision. Unlike conventional micro-machining techniques, 3D printing offers versatility in material selection, such as polymers. 3D printing technology has been gradually applied to the general field of microelectronic devices such as sensors, actuators and flexible electronics due to its adaptability and efficacy in microgeometric design and manufacturing processes. Furthermore, 3D printing technology has also been instrumental in the fabrication of microfluidic devices, both through direct and indirect processes. This paper provides an overview of the evolving landscape of 3D printing technology, delineating the essential materials and processes involved in fabricating microelectronic and microfluidic devices in recent times. Additionally, it synthesizes the diverse applications of these technologies across different domains.
Tetrandrine augments melanoma cell immunogenicity via dual inhibition of autophagic flux and proteasomal activity enhancing MHC-I presentation
Authors: He Li-na , Liu Yu-jiao , Jiang Jun-bo , Wang Ding-ye , Li Yu-ling , Zeng Shi-ji , Guo Zi , Yao Pei-yan , Lin Zi-chang , Lv Si-xian , Liu Xiao-yi , Guo Wei , Liu Fang , Du Biao-yan , Zhao Ting-xiu , Xiao Jian-yong , Shi Ya-fei , Wang Kun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
MHC-I-mediated antigen presentation is pivotal in antitumor immunity, enabling the recognition and destruction of tumor cells by CD8+ T cells. Both the proteasome and autophagy serve as essential cellular degradation mechanisms that regulate the stability and functionality of MHC-I molecules. In melanoma, modulating the pathways that affect MHC-I antigen presentation is pivotal and can profoundly influence the therapeutic outcomes of immunotherapy. Our initial effort of this study was a screening process to identify natural compounds capable of amplifying MHC-I surface expression on B16 melanoma cells. Utilizing flow cytometry with fluorescently tagged antibodies, we identified tetrandrine (Tet), a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid derived from the root of Stephania tetrandra, as a potent enhancer of MHC-I-mediated antigen presentation in B16 melanoma cells. We demonstrate that tetrandrine (2.5, 5, 7.5 μM) dose-dependently upregulates both surface and total MHC-I protein levels in B16 or A375 melanoma cells by simultaneously inhibiting autophagy and proteasomal activity, two key pathways involved in MHC-I degradation. This dual inhibition stabilizes MHC-I molecules, leading to enhanced tumor antigen presentation and improved recognition by CD8+ T cells. In co-culture systems, tetrandrine treatment increased CD8+ T cell activation and cytotoxicity against melanoma cells, evidenced by elevated IFN-γ secretion and increased tumor cell apoptosis. Administration of tetrandrine (50 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g., for 15 days) significantly suppressed melanoma growth in mouse models accompanied by increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and activation within the tumor microenvironment. Notably, tetrandrine synergized with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy, leading to enhanced tumor growth inhibition compared to either treatment alone. We revealed that tetrandrine (7.5 μM) blocked the lysosomal calcium efflux channel TPC2, disrupting lysosomal calcium homeostasis, thus impairing lysosomal acidification and proteasomal activity, thereby stabilizing MHC-I molecules and promoting antigen presentation. These results highlight tetrandrine’s unique mechanism of action in enhancing MHC-I-mediated antigen presentation through dual inhibition of autophagic flux and proteasomal degradation. This study underscores tetrandrine’s potential as a novel immunomodulatory agent to boost CD8+ T cell-mediated tumor cell eradication and enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapies.
Spatiotemporal proteomics reveals the biosynthetic lysosomal membrane protein interactome in neurons
Authors: Li Chun Hei , Kersten Noortje , Özkan Nazmiye , Nguyen Dan T. M. , Koppers Max , Post Harm , Altelaar Maarten , Farias Ginny G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Delivery of biosynthetic lysosomal proteins to lysosomes is crucial to orchestrate proper lysosomal function. However, it remains unknown how the delivery of biosynthetic lysosomal proteins to lysosomes is ensured in neurons, which are highly polarized cells. Here, we developed Protein Origin, Trafficking And Targeting to Organelle Mapping (POTATOMap), by combining trafficking synchronization and proximity-labelling based proteomics, to unravel the trafficking routes and interactome of the biosynthetic lysosomal membrane protein LAMP1 at specified time points. This approach, combined with advanced microscopy, enables us to identify the neuronal domain-specific trafficking machineries of biosynthetic LAMP1. We reveal a role in replenishing axonal lysosomes, in delivery of newly synthesized axonal synaptic proteins, and interactions with RNA granules to facilitate hitchhiking in the axon. POTATOMap offers a robust approach to map out dynamic biosynthetic protein trafficking and interactome from their origin to destination.
Green HPLC technique development for the simultaneous determination of the potential combination of Mirabegron and Tamsulosin
Authors: Bahgat Eman A. , Saleh Hanaa , Darwish Islam M. , El-Abassy Omar M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mirabegron and tamsulosin have recently been prescribed to men with overactive bladder for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. An efficient and environmentally friendly HPLC method was developed to accurately measure the levels of mirabegron and tamsulosin in both their pure form and in medication formulations. Full separation was achieved on an X-Bridge C18 column using a gradient elution of (The A mobile phase was a buffer solution containing 1 mL of trifluoroacetic acid and 3 mL of triethylamine in 1,000 milliliters of water, the pH of the solution was then adjusted to 3 using triethylamine and the B-mobile phase was acetonitrile). The chromatographic peaks were obtained at a wavelength of 220 nm. Mirabegron and tamsulosin were identified with retention time values of 2.4 min and 8.9 min, respectively. In the concentration ranges of 2.5–55 µg/mL for mirabegron and 5–110 µg/mL for tamsulosin, remarkable linearity was seen. The limits of detection for the two analytes were 0.28 and 0.55 µg/mL, respectively, and their R2 values were 0.9999. The new HPLC method was evaluated for its environmental friendliness using the Analytical GREEness (AGREE) metric. Furthermore, the suggested technique was considered practicable based on the evaluation conducted using the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) assessment. Both evaluation methods were quite successful, yielding scores of 0.52 and 80, respectively. Compared to the TLC-reported method, HPLC is the preferred choice for the separation of the two analytes due to its sensitivity.
A hybrid multi model artificial intelligence approach for glaucoma screening using fundus images
Authors: Sharma Parmanand , Takahashi Naoki , Ninomiya Takahiro , Sato Masataka , Miya Takehiro , Tsuda Satoru , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, requires accurate early detection. We present an AI-based Glaucoma Screening (AI-GS) network comprising six lightweight deep learning models (total size: 110 MB) that analyze fundus images to identify early structural signs such as optic disc cupping, hemorrhages, and nerve fiber layer defects. The segmentation of the optic cup and disc closely matches that of expert ophthalmologists. AI-GS achieved a sensitivity of 0.9352 (95% CI 0.9277–0.9435) at 95% specificity. In real-world testing, sensitivity dropped to 0.5652 (95% CI 0.5218–0.6058) at ~0.9376 specificity (95% CI 0.9174–0.9562) for the standalone binary glaucoma classification model, whereas the full AI-GS network maintained higher sensitivity (0.8053, 95% CI 0.7704–0.8382) with good specificity (0.9112, 95% CI 0.8887–0.9356). The sub-models in AI-GS, with enhanced capabilities in detecting early glaucoma-related structural changes, drive these improvements. With low computational demands and tunable detection parameters, AI-GS promises widespread glaucoma screening, portable device integration, and improved understanding of disease progression.
Self-assessment of Knowledge vs. Real Reactions in Simulated Emergency Situations among Contact Lens Wearers in Switzerland
Authors: Perschak Philipp , Said Sadiq , Metzler Simone , Zweifel Sandrine , Barthelmes Daniel , Hermann Dominique , Herrmann Didier , Hafezi Farhad , Kollros Léonard , Bosch Martina Monika , Blaser Frank 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Background If used properly, contact lenses (CLs) provide a safe and effective alternative to eyeglasses for refractive error correction. However, often due to patient noncompliance, CL-related complications may occur, such as discomfort, dry eye, as well as serious conditions like infectious keratitis. Our study aimed to assess the perceived knowledge and behavior of CL wearers in Switzerland regarding the handling of CLs and associated ocular health risks.
Methods This investigator-initiated, cross-sectional, qualitative, multicenter study was conducted in Switzerland from August 2023 to August 2024. After verbal consent, CL wearers were interviewed using a structured survey. The questionnaire explored participantsʼ demographics, their perceived knowledge of the overall handling of CLs and associated health risks, as well as their behavior in two emergency scenarios involving monocular redness or pain. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA). Figures were created with Prism version 10.2.3 (GraphPad Software, San Francisco, CA, USA).
Results A total of 172 participants with a median (IQR [range]) age of 39 (27 to 54 [10 to 82]) years were interviewed, whereby 81 (47.1%) were female. Myopia (61.0%) and keratoconus (30.2%) were the most reported indications for CL use. In terms of overall CL handling, 91.3% of participants felt well or sufficiently informed, whereas this was the case of 66.3% regarding CL-related health risks. In the scenario involving eye redness during CL use, 135 of 175 (77.1%) responses did not mention seeking professional advice, while 25 (14.3%) indicated visiting an ophthalmologist within 1 day of symptom onset. In the event of monocular pain, 67 of 179 (37.4%) responses did not consider seeking professional care, whereas 86 (48.0%) included consulting an ophthalmologist.
Conclusion This study provides insight into the unmet educational need of CL wearers, especially regarding CL-related complications. Participants generally felt better informed about overall CL handling than about the potential health risks. This information discrepancy is reflected by their responses to scenarios involving monocular redness or pain, where a considerable number of participants failed to react adequately. Further studies are warranted to explore effective, practical strategies for improving patient awareness and behavior.
Police subjectivities in South Africa: a discourse analysis of police officers’ talk on protest
Authors: Cornell Josephine , Malherbe Nick , Suffla Shahnaaz , Seedat Mohamed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Police officers in the South African Police Service (SAPS) undertake their police work within national, institutional, and personal discourses. Together, these discourses create different, often contradictory, police subjectivities. Resultantly, research on policing in South Africa is increasingly concerned with these subjectivities and the contexts in which they are constructed. However, despite this growing interest in discourse and subjectivities, scholars of policing have not typically employed a discourse analysis to examine these processes. Through a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis, we examine two discourses, violence as an internal malignancy of protest and protest as legitimate. The subjectivities enabled through these discourses both sympathised with and demonised the struggles of protesters, reflecting a broader contradiction in South African society, namely that protest is discursively reified in the Constitution but must be exercised within the discursive-material parameters set by the state.
Periodic modulation of the Casimir force in a 1D chiro- optical lattice
Authors: Ahmad Rashid , Ul Haq Inzimam , Ghaffar Abbas , Ahmad Iftikhar , Ali Hazrat , Boutabba Nadia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Casimir Force acts on the boundaries of two uncharged conductors which arises from quantum fluctuation of the Vacuum. We explore this effect in a 1D optical lattice under electromagnetically induced chirality (EIC). This process breaks the mirror symmetry of the system and traps the atoms through a standing wave generated by a strong control laser. Besides, the control field is a superposition of a travelling and a standing sinusoidal wave ( TW, SW) oscillating with the lattice period. Thus, we study the optical properties of the system under magneto cross coupling and obtain the Casimir Force via the Casimir-Lifshitz theory. Particularly, we analyze the passivity conditions and demonstrate that the passivity requirements are fulfilled. We demonstrate that, a position-dependent standing wave along the x-axis used to trap an atom allows controlled manipulation of the Casimir force, which can be switched between attractive and repulsive states depending on the atom's position. Further we reveal that, the Casimir Force can be periodically modulated. Finally, we believe that this study may serve as a gateway to the precise control of the Casimir force in fields where it is necessary to engineer tailored forces at specific points. Given that optical lattices allow for the manipulation of atomic positions at sub-wavelength scales, the periodic modulation of the CF could allow for more precise control over forces at nanoscale range, benefiting applications such as NEMS/MEMS devices.
A fault diagnosis method for the fluid end of drilling pump with adaptive enhancement of weak fault features
Authors: Li Gang , Hu Dalong , Guo Xiucheng , Ao JiaXing , Shen Jiaming , Liu Ruijun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The drilling pump is the core circulation equipment used in oil and gas drilling. Timely diagnosis and troubleshooting of the suction and discharge valves are essential for preventing fault escalation and ensuring the smooth operation of the drilling pump. However, in real working conditions, these valves in the fluid end can experience various types of faults, often obscured by significant noise interference, and current diagnostic methods lack effectiveness. This study focuses on a five-cylinder drilling pump, investigating the fault states of the suction and discharge valves under actual working conditions. A data-driven fault diagnosis method for the fluid end is proposed, introducing an innovative adaptive maximum cyclostationarity blind deconvolution (PCYCBD) signal processing algorithm based on cumulative power spectral density. Additionally, a multi-scale convolutional neural network model, MSShuffleNet, is developed to enhance diagnostic accuracy across different batches, with fault diagnosis experiments conducted on the fluid end. The results show that the PCYCBD algorithm effectively reduces noise interference, improving signal quality, while the MSShuffleNet model efficiently extracts fault features at multiple scales. The proposed method achieves an average accuracy of 98.96% across eight fault states. Furthermore, the MFPT bearing fault dataset was used to evaluate the method's adaptability, achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 99.78%, demonstrating its robustness and generalization capabilities. The method provides a fast and accurate solution for diagnosing fluid end faults in drilling pumps under noisy conditions and offers a valuable reference for diagnosing faults in other critical components.&#xD;
Multi-institution investigations of online daily adaptive proton strategies for head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Choulilitsa Evangelia , Bobić Mislav , Winey Brian A , Paganetti Harald , Lomax Antony John , Albertini Francesca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objective:Fast computation of daily reoptimization is key for an efficient online adaptive proton therapy workflow. Various approaches aim to expedite this process, often compromising daily dose. This study compares MGH’s online dose reoptimization approach, PSI’s online replanning workflow and a full reoptimization adaptive workflow for head and neck cancer (H&N) patients.&#xD;&#xD;Approach:10 H&N patients (PSI:5, MGH:5) with daily CBCTs were included. Synthetic CTs were created by deforming the planning CT to each CBCT. Targets and OARs were deformed on daily images. Three adaptive approaches were investigated: i) an online dose reoptimization approach modifying the fluence of a subset of beamlets, ii) full reoptimization adaptive workflow modifying the fluence of all beamlets, and iii) a full online replanning approach, allowing the optimizer to modify both fluence and position of all beamlets. Two non-adapted (NA) scenarios were simulated by recalculating the original plan on the daily image using: Monte Carlo for NAMGH and raycasting algorithm for NAPSI.&#xD; &#xD;Main results:All adaptive scenarios from both institutions achieved the prescribed daily target dose, with further improvements from online replanning. For all patients, low-dose CTV D98% shows mean daily deviations of -2.2%, -1.1%, and 0.4% for workflows i, ii, and iii, respectively. For the online adaptive scenarios, plan optimization averages 2.2 minutes for iii) and 2.4 for i) while the full dose reoptimization requires 72 minutes. The OAMGH20% dose reoptimization approach produced results comparable to online replanning for most patients and fractions. However, for one patient, differences up to 11% in low-dose CTV D98% occurred.&#xD;&#xD;Significance:Despite significant anatomical changes, all three adaptive approaches ensure target coverage without compromising OAR sparing. Our data suggests 20% dose reoptimization suffices, for most cases, yielding comparable results to online replanning with a marginal time increase due to Monte Carlo. For optimal daily adaptation, a rapid online replanning is preferable.&#xD;