bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Specific and Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-Catalyzed Homology-Directed Repair in Drosophila
Authors: Gratz Scott J , Ukken Fiona P , Rubinstein C Dustin , Thiede Gene , Donohue Laura K , Cummings Alexander M , O’Connor-Giles Kate M 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
We and others recently demonstrated that the readily programmable CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used to edit the Drosophila genome. However, most applications to date have relied on aberrant DNA repair to stochastically generate frameshifting indels and adoption has been limited by a lack of tools for efficient identification of targeted events. Here we report optimized tools and techniques for expanded application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in Drosophila through homology-directed repair (HDR) with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) donor templates that facilitate complex genome engineering through the precise incorporation of large DNA sequences, including screenable markers. Using these donors, we demonstrate the replacement of a gene with exogenous sequences and the generation of a conditional allele. To optimize efficiency and specificity, we generated transgenic flies that express Cas9 in the germline and directly compared HDR and off-target cleavage rates of different approaches for delivering CRISPR components. We also investigated HDR efficiency in a mutant background previously demonstrated to bias DNA repair toward HDR. Finally, we developed a web-based tool that identifies CRISPR target sites and evaluates their potential for off-target cleavage using empirically rooted rules. Overall, we have found that injection of a dsDNA donor and guide RNA-encoding plasmids into vasa-Cas9 flies yields the highest efficiency HDR and that target sites can be selected to avoid off-target mutations. Efficient and specific CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HDR opens the door to a broad array of complex genome modifications and greatly expands the utility of CRISPR technology for Drosophila research.
Dietary Sodium, Adiposity, and Inflammation in Healthy Adolescents
Authors: Zhu Haidong , Pollock Norman K. , Kotak Ishita , Gutin Bernard , Wang Xiaoling , Bhagatwala Jigar , Parikh Samip , Harshfield Gregory A. , Dong Yanbin 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the relationships of sodium intake with adiposity and inflammation in healthy adolescents.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional study involved 766 healthy white and African American adolescents aged 14 to 18 years. Dietary sodium intake was estimated by 7-day 24-hour dietary recall. Percent body fat was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Fasting blood samples were measured for leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1.

RESULTS:
The average sodium intake was 3280 mg/day. Ninety-seven percent of our adolescents exceeded the American Heart Association recommendation for sodium intake. Multiple linear regressions revealed that dietary sodium intake was independently associated with body weight (β = 0.23), BMI (β = 0.23), waist circumference (β = 0.23), percent body fat (β = 0.17), fat mass (β = 0.23), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (β = 0.25), leptin (β = 0.20), and tumor necrosis factor-α (β = 0.61; all Ps &lt; .05). No relation was found between dietary sodium intake and visceral adipose tissue, skinfold thickness, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, or intercellular adhesion molecule-1. All the significant associations persisted after correction for multiple testing (all false discovery rates &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
The mean sodium consumption of our adolescents is as high as that of adults and more than twice the daily intake recommended by the American Heart Association. High sodium intake is positively associated with adiposity and inflammation independent of total energy intake and sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption.
Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines for Acute Procedural Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Grace Y. , Yamada Janet , Kyololo O’Brien , Shorkey Allyson , Stevens Bonnie 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND:
Procedural pain assessment and management have been extensively studied through multiple research studies over the past decade. Results of this research have been included in numerous pediatric pain practice guidelines.

OBJECTIVE:
To systematically review the quality of existing practice guidelines for acute procedural pain in children and provide recommendations for their use.

METHODS:
A systematic search was conducted on Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus from 2000 to July 2013. A gray literature search was also conducted through the Translating Research Into Practice database, Guidelines International Network database, and National Guideline Clearinghouse. Four reviewers rated relevant guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II Instrument. Screening of guidelines, assessment of methodological quality, and data abstraction were conducted by 2 pairs of raters. Disagreements in overall assessments were resolved through consensus.

RESULTS:
Eighteen guidelines from 4930 retrieved abstracts were included in this study. Based on the AGREE II domains, the guidelines generally scored high in the scope and purpose and clarity of presentation areas. Information on the rigor of guideline development, applicability, and editorial independence were specified infrequently. Four of the 18 guidelines provided tools to help clinicians apply the recommendations in practice settings; 5 were recommended for use in clinical settings, and the remaining 13 were recommended for use with modification.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite the increasing availability of clinical practice guidelines for procedural pain in children, the majority are of average quality. More transparency and comprehensive reporting are needed for the guideline development process.
Amorphous zinc-tin oxide thin films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition at room temperature
Authors: Schlupp P. , von Wenckstern H. , Grundmann M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTFor a cost-efficient fabrication of homogeneous oxide thin films the usage of amorphous materials is favorable. They can be deposited at room temperature (RT) and represent an interesting alternative to amorphous silicon in electronics. Zinc-tin oxide is a promising n-type channel material for thin film transistors and consists of abundant elements, only, in contrast to the well-explored indium gallium zinc oxide. Here, the electrical and optical properties of room temperature deposited ZTO thin films are discussed. These films were fabricated via pulsed-laser deposition on glass substrates by ablating a ceramic target composed of ZnO and SnO2 in a 1:2 ratio. The resistivity has been controlled over seven orders of magnitude via the oxygen growth pressure. Further, the optical transmittance tends to be higher for higher oxygen growth pressures.
Dielectrophoretical fabrication of hybrid carbon nanotubes-hydrogel biomaterial for muscle tissue engineering applications
Authors: Ramón-Azcón Javier , Ahadian Samad , Obregon Raquel , Shiku Hitoshi , Khademhosseini Ali , Matsue Tomokazu 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTDielectrophoresis (DEP) approach was employed to achieve highly aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within the gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels in a facile, rapid, inexpensive, and reproducible manner. This approach enabled us to make different CNTs alignments (e.g., vertical or horizontal alignments) within the GelMA hydrogel using different electrode designs or configurations. Anisotropically aligned GelMA-CNTs hydrogels showed considerably higher conductivity compared to randomly distributed CNTs dispersed in the GelMA hydrogel and the pristine and non-conductive GelMA hydrogel. Adding 0.3 mg/mL CNTs to the GelMA hydrogel led to a slight increase in the mechanical properties of the GelMA and made it to behave as a viscoelastic material. Therefore, it can be used as a suitable scaffold for soft tissues, such as skeletal muscle tissue. 3D microarrays of skeletal muscle myofibers were then fabricated based on the GelMA and GelMA-CNTs hydrogels and they were characterized in terms of gene expressions related to the muscle cell differentiation and contraction. Owing to high electrical conductivity of aligned GelMA-CNTs hydrogels, the engineered muscle tissues cultivated on these materials demonstrated superior maturation and functionality particularly after applying the electrical stimulation (voltage 8 V, frequency 1 Hz, and duration 10 ms for 2 days) compared to the corresponding tissues obtained on the pristine GelMA and randomly distributed CNTs within the GelMA hydrogel.
Access to Maternity Services for Women With a Physical Disability: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Lawler Denise , Lalor Joan , Begley Cecily 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND:Women with a disability are one of the most disadvantaged groups in society.OBJECTIVE:To identify challenges and facilitators to accessing maternity services experienced by women with a physical disability during pregnancy, childbirth, and early motherhood.DESIGN:Literature review.FINDINGS:Challenges to accessibility included location and models of care, transport difficulties, and moving around the environment. Challenges to accommodation (health professionals’ adaptation to women’s needs) centered on lack of suitable health and parent education information. Challenges to acceptability were caused by poor knowledge and negative staff attitudes.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:Improving access to maternity services for women with a disability requires improved access to buildings, provision of sensitive antenatal classes, and development of health professionals’ knowledge and attitudes toward disability and pregnancy.
Dual Class Ownership and Tax Avoidance
Authors: McGuire Sean T. , Wang Dechun , Wilson Ryan J. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT:
This study investigates whether the agency conflicts inherent in a dual class ownership structure are associated with the level of firms' tax avoidance. Dual class ownership presents a unique agency problem because insiders control a majority of the votes of a firm despite having claims to a minority of the firm's cash flows. We examine the level of tax avoidance for a sample of dual class firms and find that the extent of tax avoidance declines as the difference between voting rights and cash flow rights increases. We also compare the level of tax avoidance of dual class firms to a sample of propensity matched single class firms and find that dual class firms engage in less tax avoidance as the wedge between insiders' voting rights and cash flow rights increases. These findings are consistent with dual class ownership entrenching managers and allowing them to perform at a suboptimal level.
Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from public sources identified in the paper.
Iron deficiency anemia in a ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) with concurrent chronic renal failure
Authors: Anderson Kadie M. , Wolf Karen N. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Case Description—A 16-year-old vasectomized male ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) with a history of suspected chronic renal failure was evaluated because of extreme lethargy, hyperpnea, and abscess of the right pectoral scent gland.
Clinical Findings—Examination of the anesthetized patient revealed an impacted right pectoral scent gland with serosanguineous exudate. A CBC and serum biochemical analysis revealed severe anemia, marked azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia.
Treatment and Outcome—Supportive care (including fluid therapy and phosphorus binder administration) was initiated for renal failure; the affected gland was cleaned, and antimicrobials were administered. The patient received 1 blood transfusion, and darbepoetin alfa was administered weekly to stimulate RBC production. Anemia and azotemia persisted. Three months after treatment started, serum iron analysis revealed that iron deficiency was the probable cause for the lack of a consistent regenerative response to darbepoetin injections. Iron dextran injections resulted in a marked regenerative response; however, serum biochemical analysis results after the second injection were consistent with hepatic injury. Hepatic enzyme activities normalized following discontinuation of iron dextran treatment, but the lemur's Hct declined rapidly despite supplementary iron administration PO. The patient developed severe mandibular osteomyelitis and was euthanized because of poor prognosis. Postmortem evaluation of hepatic iron concentration confirmed iron deficiency.
Clinical Relevance—The family Lemuridae is considered prone to hemosiderosis and hemochromatosis, which delayed rapid diagnosis and treatment of the lemur's disease. Apparent hepatic injury following iron dextran injections further complicated treatment. Findings for this lemur support the use of species-specific total iron binding capacity and total serum iron and ferritin concentrations in evaluation of an animal with suspected iron deficiency.
Arm and Trunk Movement Kinematics During Seated Reaching Within and Beyond Arm's Length in People With Stroke: A Validity Study
Authors: Wu Ching-yi , Liing Rong-jiuan , Chen Hsieh-ching , Chen Chia-ling , Lin Keh-chung 
Published: January 2014

Background
Kinematic analysis is commonly used to objectively measure upper extremity movement performance after stroke. However, the concurrent validity and predictive validity of arm-trunk kinematics during reaching within and beyond arm's length have not been studied.

Objective
The aim of this study was to estimate the concurrent validity of kinematic measures before and after treatment and the predictive validity for reaching within and beyond arm's length after stroke.

Design
This was a secondary analysis study.

Methods
Ninety-seven participants with stroke (mean age=55.9 years [SD=10.9]) received intensive treatment every weekday for 3 to 4 weeks. Kinematic reaching tasks and the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) were used before and after treatment. The validity of the kinematic measures was estimated in relation to WMFT scores.

Results
Of the 8 kinematic variables that were measured, index movement time before treatment (R2=.227–.362) and trunk movement time and trunk displacement after treatment (R2=.095–.346) had the strongest association with the WMFT at both reaching distances. Trunk movement time and trunk displacement before treatment explained 6.9% to 14.9% of the variance in the WMFT after treatment. Kinematic variables explained 6.9% to 49.3% and 9.4% to 38.7% of the variance in the WMFT during a task within arm's length and beyond arm's length, respectively.

Limitations
The study has limited generalizability.

Conclusions
Different kinematic variables may partially reflect motor function before and after treatment to a limited degree. Although the predictive validity was modest, trunk movement may be considered a prognostic determinant of motor function after treatment. A reaching task within arm's length may be a more suitable measure of kinematic performance for describing motor function than a reaching task beyond arm's length.
L’hôtellerie sociale : un nouveau marché de la misère ? Le cas de l’Île-de-France
Authors: Le Méner Erwan 
Published: January 2014

Social accommodation : cashing in on poverty ? The case of Île-de-France
Hotel accommodation paid for by the public authorities is being provided for an increasing number of homeless families, most of them immigrants. For hoteliers and intermediaries, this is a flourishing market, today worth more than a hundred million euros in Île-de-France. Yet just fifteen years ago, when initiatives for helping the homeless were expanding rapidly, hotel accommodation was a marginal solution. This article looks at how this form of accommodation emerged and at the transformations that have occurred in a sector where policies to help the most disadvantaged meet those adopted to manage immigration, and where public policy meets private enterprise.
Favoriser les sorties de l’hébergement vers le logement. De l’injonction politique aux pratiques de relogement en Île-de-France
Authors: Lanzaro Marie 
Published: January 2014

Encouraging moves from accommodation to housing From political orders to rehousing policies in Île-de-France
Institutional accommodation provides provisional shelter and assistance for the homeless. This aim of this assistance is to make these people selfsufficient, encourage their integration in society, and get them out of the system, notably by giving them access to housing. Yet, since the late 1990s, accommodation has no longer been able to meet 100% of demand and there is no longer any guarantee that it will lead to a more permanent housing solution. To address these difficulties, public authorities have adopted and institutionalised measures designed to promote mobility from accommodation to housing. Based on surveys conducted among the populations and institutional players concerned, this article presents the main initiatives adopted from 2007 onwards to promote mobility from accommodation to ordinary housing, and analyses the practices consequently implemented in Île-de-France to rehouse people from temporary accommodation into social housing.

Encouraging moves from accommodation to housing From political orders to rehousing policies in Île-de-France
Employment of Telemedicine in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Bergrath S. , Rossaint R. , Thelen S. , Brodziak T. , Valentin B. , Hirsch F. , Beckers S. K. , Brokmann J. C. , Czaplik M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryObjectives: Demographic change, rising comorbidity and an increasing number of emer -gencies are the main challenges that emer -gency medical services (EMS) in several countries worldwide are facing. In order to improve quality in EMS, highly trained personnel and well-equipped ambulances are essential. However several studies have shown a deficiency in qualified EMS physicians. Telemedicine emerges as a complementary system in EMS that may provide expertise and improve quality of medical treatment on the scene. Hence our aim is to develop and test a specific teleconsultation system.Methods: During the development process several use cases were defined and technically specified by medical experts and en -gineers in the areas of: system administration, start-up of EMS assistance systems, audio communication, data transfer, routine tele-EMS physician activities and research capabilities. Upon completion, technical field tests were performed under realistic conditions to test system properties such as robustness, feasibility and usability, providing end-to-end measurements.Results: Six ambulances were equipped with telemedical facilities based on the results of the requirement analysis and 55 scenarios were tested under realistic conditions in one month. The results indicate that the developed system performed well in terms of usability and robustness. The major challenges were, as expected, mobile communication and data network availability. Third generation networks were only available in 76.4% of the cases. Although 3G (third generation), such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), provides beneficial conditions for higher bandwidth, system performance for most features was also acceptable under adequate 2G (second generation) test conditions.Conclusions: An innovative concept for the use of telemedicine for medical consultations in EMS was developed. Organisational and technical aspects were considered and practical requirements specified. Since technical feasibility was demonstrated in these technical field tests, the next step would be to prove medical usefulness and technical robustness under real conditions in a clinical trial.
New microsatellite markers for wild and commercial species of Passiflora (Passifloraceae) and cross‐amplification
Authors: Cerqueira‐Silva Carlos B. M. , Santos Elisa S. L. , Vieira João G. P. , Mori Gustavo M. , Jesus Onildo N. , Corrêa Ronan X. , Souza Anete P. 
Published: February 2014

• Premise of the study: We developed the first microsatellites for Passiflora setacea and characterized new sets of markers for P. edulis and P. cincinnata, enabling further genetic diversity studies to support the conservation and breeding of passion fruit species.• Methods and Results: We developed 69 microsatellite markers and, in conjunction with assessments of cross‐amplification using primers available from the literature, present 43 new polymorphic microsatellite loci for three species of Passiflora. The mean number of alleles per locus was 3.1, and the mean values of the expected and observed levels of heterozygosity were 0.406 and 0.322, respectively.• Conclusions: These microsatellite markers will be valuable tools for investigating the genetic diversity and population structure of wild and commercial species of passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) and may be useful for developing conservation and improvement strategies by contributing to the understanding of the mating system and hybridization within the genus.
L'anorexie des jeunes filles : un symptôme contemporain
Authors: Borgnis Desbordes Emmanuelle 
Published: January 2014

L’anorexie des jeunes filles est un phénomène de plus en plus courant aujourd’hui, phénomène qui pose, à la fois, des questions de psychopathologie et de mode de traitement. L’auteur soutient qu’à l’heure de la puberté, l’anorexie peut être un mode réponse – contraignant et couteux – pour certains sujets. L’auteur propose d’aborder l’anorexie chez les jeunes filles, non pas du côté du refus de la féminité – ce qui est l’abord le plus usité – mais d’une tentative de limiter une jouissance qui traverse le sujet et son corps. À l’heure où le corps et ses images sont particulièrement soulignés, le risque est grand de voir des jeunes filles désorientées quant à leur désir, à ce moment particulier de la puberté, céder aux attraits des idéaux contemporains. Comment réintroduire les jeunes filles anorexiques au langage de leur désir, en les séparant des exigences qu’elles s’imposent et qui les séparent plus encore de ce qui fondent leur être, en tant que femmes ?
Sous le drapeau rouge : la conférence internationale de psychotechnique de Moscou de 1931. 2 e partie : Le soleil se couche à l'Est
Authors: Turbiaux Marcel 
Published: January 2014

Ce fut Spielrein qui, en tant que président de la conférence, décida des thèmes qui y seraient traités et, en particulier, en accord avec Lahy, secrétaire général de l’Association internationale de psychotechnique, d’un symposium sur « les fondements théoriques de la psychotechnique », pour lequel il proposa, comme rapporteurs, William Stern, Lahy et lui-même. Ces rapports sont brièvement résumés dans cet article, ainsi que les commentaires qu’ils appelèrent. Celui de Spielrein (voir Bulletin de psychologie , n o 519, mai-juin 2012, p. 283-295) fut un véritable réquisitoire contre la psychotechnique occidentale, accusée d’être exclusivement au service du capital, contrairement à la psychotechnique soviétique, vouée au service des ouvriers et de la prospérité de la nation. Il suscita de vives réactions, qui sont rapportées dans cet article, de la part de la majorité des Occidentaux présents. Néanmoins, en dépit des assertions de Spielrein, en URSS, la psychotechnique ne tarda pas à être considérée comme une « fausse science », « anti-marxiste » et Spielrein lui-même, accusé d’activités anti-soviétiques, fut condamné à mort et exécuté. Gastev ne fut pas épargné. L’avènement du mouvement stakhanoviste marqua la fin de « l’organisation du travail » et Gastev, arrêté pour terrorisme et activités contre-révolutionnaires, sera exécuté à son tour. Quant à son adversaire Ermanski, son opposition au taylorisme, incarné par Gastev, lui vaudra une tardive, quoique précaire reconnaissance, tandis qu’en France, Lahy et Wallon poursuivirent leurs travaux « à la lumière du marxisme ».