bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Phase Barker Arrays
Authors: Bell Jason P. , Jedwab Jonathan , Khatirinejad Mahdad , Schmidt Kai‐Uwe 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA 3‐phase Barker array is a matrix of third roots of unity for which all out‐of‐phase aperiodic autocorrelations have magnitude 0 or 1. The only known truly two‐dimensional 3‐phase Barker arrays have size 2 × 2 or 3 × 3. We use a mixture of combinatorial arguments and algebraic number theory to establish severe restrictions on the size of a 3‐phase Barker array when at least one of its dimensions is divisible by 3. In particular, there exists a double‐exponentially growing arithmetic function T such that no 3‐phase Barker array of size with exists for all . For example, , , and . When both dimensions are divisible by 3, the existence problem is settled completely: if a 3‐phase Barker array of size exists, then .
Surgical management of adrenal metastases
Authors: Bradley Ciarán T. , Strong Vivian E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the presence of a history of cancer, adrenal masses are commonly, but not exclusively, metastases. Depending upon the status of the patient's ongoing cancer therapy, overall tumor burden, and performance score, adrenalectomy is a viable treatment option. Herein we review the prevalence, diagnostic evaluation, and selection for surgical treatment of adrenal metastases. Additional attention is paid to recent data supporting the safety and oncologic efficacy of laparoscopic adrenalectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:31–35. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tracking motor impairments in the progression of Huntington's disease
Authors: Long Jeffery D. , Paulsen Jane S. , Marder Karen , Zhang Ying , Kim Ji‐In , Mills James A. ,   the Researchers of the PREDICT‐HD Huntington's Study Group
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale is used to characterize motor impairments and establish motor diagnosis. Little is known about the timing of diagnostic confidence level categories and the trajectory of motor impairments during the prodromal phase. Goals of this study were to estimate the timing of categories, model the prodromal trajectory of motor impairments, estimate the rate of motor impairment change by category, and provide required sample size estimates for a test of efficacy in clinical trials. In total, 1010 gene‐expanded participants from the Neurobiological Predictors of Huntington's Disease (PREDICT‐HD) trial were analyzed. Accelerated failure time models were used to predict the timing of categories. Linear mixed effects regression was used to model the longitudinal motor trajectories. Age and length of gene expansion were incorporated into all models. The timing of categories varied significantly by gene expansion, with faster progression associated with greater expansion. For the median expansion, the third diagnostic confidence level category was estimated to have a first occurrence 1.5 years before diagnosis, and the second and first categories were estimated to occur 6.75 years and 19.75 years before diagnosis, respectively. Motor impairments displayed a nonlinear prodromal course. The motor impairment rate of change increased as the diagnostic confidence level increased, with added acceleration for higher progression scores. Motor items can detect changes in motor impairments before diagnosis. Given a sufficiently high progression score, there is evidence that the diagnostic confidence level can be used for prodromal staging. Implications for Huntington's disease research and the planning of clinical trials of efficacy are discussed. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Gray matter atrophy and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: Is the evidence black‐on‐white?
Authors: Herman Talia , Rosenberg‐Katz Keren , Jacob Yael , Giladi Nir , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe pathophysiology underlying freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood. We tested whether gray matter (GM) atrophy contributes to FOG in PD.MethodsVoxel‐based morphometry quantified GM atrophy in 106 patients who were classified as freezers (n = 30) or nonfreezers (n = 76). Well‐matched smaller subgroups were also studied. Balance, gait, and cognitive function were assessed, and we evaluated the relationship between GM, FOG severity, and symptoms associated with FOG.ResultsGM was significantly reduced in the inferior parietal lobe and angular gyrus in the matched freezers (n = 22), compared to nonfreezers (n = 22; P < 0.015, cluster‐level corrected). In the entire cohort, FOG severity was related to bilateral caudate volumes.ConclusionsGM atrophy in cortical (i.e., parietal lobe and angular gyrus) and subcortical areas (i.e., caudate) are related to FOG. Disparities among the existing findings suggest that inferences regarding specific brain regions should be made with caution. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Delayed gastric emptying in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Marrinan Sarah , Emmanuel Anton V. , Burn David J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTGastrointestinal symptoms are evident in all stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). Most of the gastrointestinal abnormalities associated with PD are attributable to impaired motility. At the level of the stomach, this results in delayed gastric emptying. The etiology of delayed gastric emptying in PD is probably multifactorial but is at least partly related to Lewy pathology in the enteric nervous system and discrete brainstem nuclei. Delayed gastric emptying occurs in both early and advanced PD but is underdetected in routine clinical practice. Recognition of delayed gastric emptying is important because it can cause an array of upper gastrointestinal symptoms, but additionally it has important implications for the absorption and action of levodopa. Delayed gastric emptying contributes significantly to response fluctuations seen in people on long‐term l‐dopa therapy. Neurohormonal aspects of the brain‐gut axis are pertinent to discussions regarding the pathophysiology of delayed gastric emptying in PD and are also hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of PD itself. Ghrelin is a gastric‐derived hormone with potential as a therapeutic agent for delayed gastric emptying and also as a novel neuroprotective agent in PD. Recent findings relating to ghrelin in the context of PD and gastric emptying are considered. This article highlights the pathological abnormalities that may account for delayed gastric emptying in PD. It also considers the wider relevance of abnormal gastric pathology to our current understanding of the etiology of PD. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Effect of human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal‐stem‐cell bioactive materials on porcine embryo development
Authors: Park Hyo‐Young , Kim Eun‐Young , Lee Seung‐Eun , Choi Hyun‐Yong , Moon Jeremiah Jiman , Park Min‐Jee , Son Yeo‐Jin , Lee Jun‐Beom , Jeong Chang‐Jin , Lee Dong‐Sun , Riu Key‐Jung , Park Se‐Pill 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYHuman adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAT‐MSCs) secrete bioactive materials that are beneficial for tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, we characterized human hAT‐MSC bioactive material (hAT‐MSC‐BM), and examined the effect of hAT‐MSC‐BM on porcine embryo development. hAT‐MSC‐BM was enriched with several growth factors and cytokines, including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and interleukin 6 (IL6). Among the various concentrations and days of treatment tested, 10% hAT‐MSC‐BM treatment beginning on culture Day 4 provided the best environment for the in vitro growth of parthenogenetic porcine embryos. While the addition of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) increased the hatching rate and the total cell number of parthenogenetic porcine embryos compared with the control and hAT‐MSC culture medium group, the best results were from the group cultured with 10% hAT‐MSC‐BM. Mitochondrial activity was also higher in the 10% hAT‐MSC‐BM‐treated group. Moreover, the relative mRNA expression levels of development and anti‐apoptosis genes were significantly higher in the 10% hAT‐MSC‐BM‐treated group than in control, hAT‐MSC culture medium, or 10% FBS groups, whereas the transcript abundance of an apoptosis gene was slightly lower. Treatment with 10% hAT‐MSC‐BM starting on Day 4 also improved the development rate and the total cell number of in vitro‐fertilized embryos. This is the first report on the benefits of hAT‐MSC‐BM in a porcine embryo in vitro culture system. We conclude that hAT‐MSC‐BM is a new, alternative supplement that can improve the development of porcine embryos during both parthenogenesis and fertilization in vitro. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 1035–1047, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Threefold Logic of Papua‐Melanesia: Constitution‐writing in the Margins of the Indonesian Nation‐State
Authors: Timmer Jaap 
Published: October 2013

AbstractClashes over the status of West Papua and the political future of the territory proliferated markedly following the end of Indonesia's New Order regime in 1998. Amid a wide variety of demands for justice and independence, and a series of demonstrations, mass gatherings and prayers, only a few Papuans mused on how Papua could become a state and what would constitute its nature as being distinctly Papuan and/or Melanesian. One exception is the work put into the Constitution for West Papua entitled Basic Guidelines, State of West Papua, a document edited by Don A.L. Flassy, a bureaucrat, writer and thinker, with a preface by late Theys H. Eluay, then chairman of the Papuan Council. In this article I analyse this Constitution to show how a combination of Christianity and local customs, and a mimicry of elements of Indonesian nation building and symbols of the Indonesian nation‐state are reshaped to oppose Indonesian nation‐building agendas. The Constitution shows that when Papuans imagine an independent state, forms of vernacular legality play a central role. ‘The state’ has journeyed to Papua and encouraged faith in ‘the law,’ and Basic Guidelines is partly the effect of this growing vernacular legality. My analysis shows that it is essential to see how legal mobilisations and imaginations of the state articulate with other normative systems and practices – in particular Christianity and custom (adat) – and how they mutually allow for and invite strategies.
Codrington,Keesing, and CentralMelanesianmana: Two Historic Trajectories ofPolynesian Cultural Dissemination
Authors: Kolshus Thorgeir 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMuch has been said aboutmanasinceRobertHenryCodrington's 1891 exegesis based mainly on ethnography from theBanksIslands in northernVanuatu. InPolynesian contexts, mana has been regarded as a cultural common denominator, with comparatively minor differences within the vastPolynesian cultural area. InMelanesian scholarship, however, consistent with the general emphasis on cultural diversity within the region, it remains a matter of considerable debate whether there is much to gain from approaching mana with generalising ambitions. In his seminal contributions to the discussion,RogerKeesing insists thatCodrington mistook mana for a noun and consequently derailed scholarship onMelanesian mana. ButCodrington's work is mainly based in the language of the island ofMota, whereCodrington spent several years during his almost three‐decade long tenure as a pioneer linguist and missionary with theAnglicanMelanesianMission. And in theMota language, mana is nominalised. In this article,Iargue that this is attributable to regular visits from thePolynesian outlier Tikopia in pre‐Christian times, intensified by the proclivity of theMaori‐speaking first leaders of theMelanesianMission to identify concepts that were phonemically familiar in their search for adequate translations of theological notions related to spiritual agency. When the language ofMota was chosen as thelingua francaof theMelanesianMission in the 1860s, theBanksIslands' version of mana, soon explicitly associated with the powers of theChristianGod, was disseminated through large parts of the south and centralSolomonIslands and northernVanuatu – includingTikopia. This has provided the islands exposed to Anglicanism with relatively new notions of agency and efficacy and created some common cultural denominators.
Enhancing heterogenous crystallization resistance in a bead‐spring polymer model by modifying bond length
Authors: Mackura Mark E. , Simmons David S. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTLinear bead‐spring chain models have been widely employed to study the glass‐formation of polymer melts due to their apparent resistance to homogenous crystallization. In this article, we present simulation data demonstrating that, in contrast to their bulk behavior, widely used bead‐spring models are subject to rapid heterogenous nucleation and crystallization when exposed to rigid crystalline walls. We propose a modified bead‐spring model, employing the finitely extensible nonlinear elastic bond, and show that it exhibits robust glass‐formation in the presence of crystalline walls. This new model will enable study of supercooled polymers in the presence of rigid, atomistically structured walls, with application to study of nanoscale confinement effects on the glass transition. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 52, 134–140
Time‐resolved spectroscopy of luminescence in Cu‐ and Cr‐doped β‐Ga2O3
Authors: Nakazawa Akira , Yasukawa Dai , Wakai Hirofumi , Oda Hisaya , Yamanaka Akio 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTime‐resolved spectroscopy of photoluminescence has been studied in single‐crystals of transition‐metal doped β‐Ga2O3, particularly focusing on Cu‐ and Cr‐doping effects on donor‐acceptor recombination. Cr‐doped β‐Ga2O3 still exhibits the photoluminescence due to the radiative recombination of donor‐acceptor pairs but its temporal evolution is greatly suppressed, resulted from non‐radiative decay channels through the d‐d transitions in Cr3+ ions. The most of 3d transition metals give similar effects. On the other hand, in Cu‐doped β‐Ga2O3 the luminescence spectrum and its temporal evolution are less sensitive to doping, reflecting no Cu‐induced state inside of the band gap. The optical absorption spectrum also indicates that the most of 3d transition metals, except for Cu and Cr, greatly reduce the number of conducting carriers. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High growth rates of AlN and AlGaN on 8″ silicon wafer using metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy reactor
Authors: Ubukata Akinori , Yano Yoshiki , Yamaoka Yuya , Kitamura Yuichiro , Tabuchi Toshiya , Matsumoto Koh 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe have developed a large‐scale metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) reactor. The growth rates of AlN and AlGaN were compared with those calculated using the parasitic chemical reaction model. The calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental results over the entire 8″ wafer. To experimentally investigate the extent of the gas‐phase prereaction between the precursors and ammonia, the results of epitaxy were compared with those for a 6″‐type reactor. The growth of AlN and AlGaN at relatively high rates without any significant gas‐phase prereaction was demonstrated. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and properties of Li, Ta modified (K,Na)NbO3 lead‐free piezoelectric single crystals
Authors: Huo Xiaoqing , Zheng Limei , Zhang Shujun , Zhang Rui , Liu Gang , Wang Rui , Yang Bin , Cao Wenwu , Shrout Thomas R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLi, Ta modified (K,Na)NbO3 single crystals with the size of 18 mm × 18 mm × 10 mm were successfully grown by top‐seeded solution growth method, with orthorhombic–tetra‐gonal phase transition temperature ∼79 °C and Curie temperature ∼276 °C. The electromechanical coupling factors k33 and kt were found to be ∼88% and ∼65%, respectively. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 for the [001]c poled crystals reached 255 pC/N. In addition, the electromechanical coupling factor exhibited high stability over the temperature range of –50 °C to 70 °C, making these lead free crystals good candidates for electromechanical applications. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurement of δ18O and δ2H values of fluid inclusion water in speleothems using cavity ring‐down spectroscopy compared with isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Arienzo Monica M. , Swart Peter K. , Vonhof Hubert B. 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEThe hydrogen and oxygen isotopic analyses (δ2H and δ18O values) of water trapped within speleothem carbonate (fluid inclusions) have traditionally been conducted utilizing dual‐inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) or continuous‐flow (CF)‐IRMS methods. The application of cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) to the δ2H and δ18O analysis of water in fluid inclusions has been investigated at the University of Miami as an alternative method to CF‐IRMS.METHODSAn extraction line was developed to recover water from the fluid inclusions consisting of a crusher, sample injection port and an expansion volume (either 100 or 50 cm3) directly connected to the CRDS instrument. Tests were conducted to determine the reproducibility of standard water injections and crushes. In order to compare results with conventional analytical methods, samples were analyzed both at the University of Miami (CRDS method) and at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (CF‐IRMS method).RESULTSThe analytical reproducibility of speleothem samples crushed on the Miami Device demonstrates an average external standard deviation of 0.5 and 2.0 ‰ for δ18O and δ2H values, respectively. Sample data are shown to fall near the global meteoric water line, supporting the validity of the method. Three different samples were analyzed at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and the University of Miami in order to compare the performance of each laboratory. The average offset between the two laboratories is 0.7 ‰ for δ18O and 2.5 ‰ for δ2H.CONCLUSIONSThe advantage of CRDS is that the system is a low‐cost alternative to CF‐IRMS for fluid inclusion isotope analysis. The CRDS method demonstrates acceptable precision and good agreement with results from the CF‐IRMS method. These are promising results for the future application of CRDS to fluid inclusion isotope analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of isotopic variability in proteinaceous tissues of a domesticated herbivore: a baseline for zooarchaeological investigation
Authors: von Holstein I. C. C. , Hamilton J. , Craig O. E. , Newton J. , Collins M. J. 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEA variety of metabolic, dietary and climatic influences on isotopic variation have been established in mammalian hair. The relevance of these factors to collagen isotopic composition is unknown, but would be of great interest to zooarchaeological analyses of faunal skeletal tissue.METHODSThe relationships between carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), non‐exchangeable hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) values of defatted, demineralised and gelatinised bone collagen and defatted wool keratin from two sheep flocks (n = 20, 5) in the UK were investigated, including testing for the effects of nutritional plane, sex, pregnancy and season of sample collection. The sulfur composition (δ34S values) was also investigated for tissues from the smaller flock.RESULTSBulk collagen was enriched in 13C over bulk keratin by 2.0 − 2.7‰ and in 2H by 29 − 40‰ but depleted in 18O relative to keratin by 1.8‰. Differences in δ15N values were within experimental error. The collagen samples were generally more enriched in 34S than keratin, but this was very variable. Pregnancy, sex and season, but not nutritional plane, significantly affected isotope values but did not change overall keratin‐collagen relationships.CONCLUSIONSThis dataset provides a baseline measure of variability and comparability for isotopic investigations into origin and husbandry conditions in archaeological sheep tissues, both collagen and keratin. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic optimization of ion‐pairing agents and hexafluoroisopropanol for enhanced electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of oligonucleotides
Authors: McGinnis A. Cary , Grubb E. Claire , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALENew methods to enhance the electrospray ionization (ESI) signals are essential for low‐level analysis of oligonucleotides. We report a systematic evaluation comparing 13 ion‐pairing agents with and without hexafluoroisopropanol to understand their effect on the ion abundance of hetero‐oligonucleotides.METHODSA Waters Synapt G2 HDMS quadrupole time‐of‐flight instrument was used to compare oligonucleotide signal intensity with 13 alkylamine ion‐pairing agents at varying concentrations. The alkylamines that yielded the highest signal intensity were further evaluated with hexafluoroisopropanol at concentrations between 5 and 100 mM. The chemical properties of the solution components and analytes were evaluated to identify key factors in predicting optimal mobile phase conditions for different classes of oligonucleotides.RESULTSWe identified a series of optimized mobile phase systems using diisopropylamine, tripropylamine, dimethylbutylamine, methyldibutylamine, and dimethylhexylamine along with 25 to 50 mM hexafluoroisopropanol that yielded significantly higher MS signal intensity for both siRNA and DNA compared with the traditionally used triethlyamine/hexafluoroisopropanol system. We explored charge state reduction, adduct formation and ESI mechanisms and identify the Henry's Law constant k aq/g as a key chemical property in predicting alkylamines that will increase oligonucleotide ion intensity. We also find that the hydrophobicity of the oligonucleotide plays a major role in choosing ion‐pairing agents that will increase ion abundance.CONCLUSIONSThis comprehensive and systematic optimization finds that the hydrophobicity of the oligonucleotide was a key factor in choosing alkylamine ion‐pairing agents to increase ESI abundance. We identified that diisopropylamine and tripropylamine combined with lower concentrations of hexafluoroisopropanol yielded the highest signal intensity for these oligonucleotides. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.