bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-Time Mothers with a History of Infertility
Authors: Ladores Sigrid , Aroian Karen 
Published: May 2015

Background: The meaning of breastfeeding and breastfeeding experiences has been studied extensively in general and specific populations. However, there is little research about the meaning of breastfeeding and breastfeeding experiences in first-time mothers who were previously infertile. Objective: This article aims to understand the breastfeeding experiences of new mothers with a history of infertility. Methods: Twelve women who were first-time mothers and conceived their infants through fertility treatments were interviewed about their early postpartum experiences as part of a larger phenomenological study. Interview transcripts were reviewed, and data about breastfeeding were extracted and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: One main theme from the breastfeeding data emerged, “Internalized Pressure to Breastfeed,” with 3 subthemes: “My Only Chance to Breastfeed,” “The One Natural Thing I Should Be Able to Do,” and “Not Breastfeeding Means Failing at Motherhood.” New mothers who have undergone fertility treatment equated breastfeeding with being the perfect mother and attached special meanings to the act of breastfeeding. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that mothers who were previously infertile have unique breastfeeding experiences. Health care professionals need to be sensitized to these women’s internalized pressure to breastfeed. Additional research is needed to fully explore the breastfeeding experiences of this group of women.
Decomposition Pathways of the Mono- and Bis(Pivaloyloxymethyl) Esters of Azidothymidine 5′-Monophosphate in Cell Extract and in Tissue Culture Medium: An Application of the ‘on-line ISRP-Cleaning’ HPLC Technique
Authors: Pompon A. , Lefebvre I. , Imbach J.-L. , Kahn S. , Farquhar D. 
Published: May 2015

Bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) azidothymidine 5′-monophosphate (piv2-AZTMP) was designed as a cell membrane-permeable precursor of AZTMP. We have reported previously that when incubated with CEM cells deficient in thymidine kinase, piv2-AZTMP gives rise to intracellular AZTMP and the corresponding diphosphate (AZTDP) and triphosphate (AZTTP). Under similar conditions, no intracellular nucleotides were formed with AZT. However, the mechanism by which piv2-AZTMP is converted to AZTMP has not been established. To address this question, we have used the recently developed ‘on-line ISRP-cleaning’ HPLC technique to investigate the stability and metabolic fate of piv2-AZTMP (1) in RPMI 1640 medium, (2) in RPMI containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, and (3) in CEM cell extracts. Similar studies were conducted starting with mono(pivaloyloxymethyl) azidothymidine 5′-monophosphate (piv2 AZTMP). From the kinetics of these reactions, it appears that piv2-AZTMP is slowly hydrolyzed to piv1-AZTMP in RPMI and that the metabolic sequence in cell extract and in tissue culture medium is clearly: piv2-AZTMP→ piv1AZTMP→ AZTMP→ AZT. The rate constants are quite different in these three media. Although it is evident that the first step in the metabolism of piv2-AZTMP is catalysed by carboxylate esterase, the enzyme(s) responsible for the second step, piv1-AZTMP→ AZTMP, is less apparent, as carboxylate esterases and/or phosphodiesterases can be taken in account. However, analysis of the kinetic data strongly suggests that carboxylate esterase does not play a significant role and that this second step is mediated by phosphodiesterases. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that piv2-AZTMP is an effective prodrug of AZTMP. They also establish that prv1-AZTMP is an intermediate in this process, and define the sequence of the overall metabolic reaction. With this increased understanding of the metabolism of piv2-AZTMP, it should be possible rationally to design analogues with optimal structural and pharmacological properties for use in vivo.
Zalcitabine (ddC) Phosphorylation and Drug Interactions
Authors: Veal G.J. , Barry M.G. , Back D.J. 
Published: May 2015

Zalcitabine (2′,3′-dideoxycytidine; ddC) is an inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase. The intracellular metabolism of ddC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), U937 cells and Molt 4 cells were investigated, and phosphate metabolites were determined by on-line radiometric HPLC. Comparable levels of all three ddC phosphate metabolites were formed in PHA-stimulated PBMCs, U937 cells and Molt 4 cells. Zidovudine (ZDV), didanosine (ddl) and stavudine (d4T) had no significant effect on ddC (0.06μM) phosphorylation in PBMCs whereas the endogenous nucleoside, cytidine decreased phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner ( e.g. 41 % inhibition of total phosphate formation at 6μM cytidine, 85% inhibition at 60μM). The cytotoxic anticancer drug doxorubicin caused a decrease in ddC phosphorylation in U937/Molt 4 cells (e.g. 56% inhibition of total phosphate formation in U937 cells; 55% in Molt 4 cells at a doxorubicin concentration of 60μM), whilst the antiviral agent ribavirin exhibited no inhibitory effects.
Valaciclovir – A Review of its Potential in the Management of Genital Herpes
Authors: Crooks R. J. 
Published: May 2015

The continued increase in prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection indicates a need to develop improved chemotherapeutic strategies so as to enhance options for the management of genital herpes. The clinical and psycho-social impact of genital herpes and the need to encourage patients to participate in controlling their disease create several opportunities for improvement. The higher bioavailability of aciclovir from valaciclovir ensures that plasma aciclovir levels exceed the in vitro IC50 for clinical HSV strains with once- or twice-daily dosing regimens. The satisfactory outcome for valaciclovir in pre-clinical mutagenicity and carcinogenicity bioassays, plus aciclovir's highly specific mode of action, form the basis for the proposal that valaciclovir can match the excellent safety profile established for aciclovir. Controlled clinical trials of valaciclovir for the acute treatment of recurrent genital herpes have demonstrated efficacy in speeding resolution of all signs and symptoms, hastening lesion healing and terminating virus shedding. Further, these results indicate that valaciclovir provides a significant improvement in increasing the numbers of patients in whom lesion development is prevented. These benefits were achieved with twice-daily valaciclovir regimens and without compromise to safety. Studies evaluating valaciclovir in HSV infections in the immunocompromised and for long-term suppressive therapy in otherwise healthy subjects continue. To date, the valaciclovir HSV clinical development programme indicates that efficacy can be achieved with less frequent dosing without compromising safety.
The therapeutic use of postcards in a mental health support group
Authors: Treloar Anna 
Published: May 2015

Objective: The aim of this project was to provide some group support for mental health patients in a general practice that employed a Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program nurse. Method: Group members were involved in the development of the group and in the setting of its rules and goals. Postcards were used to invite members to each meeting. Results: No ill effects resulted from the use of postcards and they served as a valued way to recognize individuals within the group. Conclusion: This use of postcards proved therapeutic in unexpected ways and was very well accepted.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of high doses of buprenorphine delivered via high-concentration formulations in cats
Authors: Taylor Polly M , Luangdilok Carmela H , Sear John W 
Published: May 2015

Objectives To evaluate the potential benefits of high-dose buprenorphine formulations for analgesia in cats, serial and crossover studies were undertaken to investigate their pharmacokinetics and thermal antinociceptive effects. Methods Twelve healthy adult domestic shorthair cats (6.0 ± 1.1 kg body weight) were studied. Aqueous solutions of buprenorphine hydrochloride at 0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.12 and 0.24 mg/kg body weight and formulations containing 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/ml with and without preservatives were given subcutaneously. Blood samples were taken and thermal threshold (TT) measured prior to and at regular time points up to 72 h after dosing. Descriptive statistics and analyses of variance were applied as appropriate. Results Baseline TT was 47.6 ± 4.1°C, which increased in all groups treated with all buprenorphine dosages and formulations. After doses of 0.12 mg/kg and above, TT was significantly higher than baseline at most time points from 1–30 h post-treatment. The time to maximum effect (Tmax) ranged between 0.25 and 2.00 h; and plasma concentrations associated with maximum antinociceptive effect (Cmax) were 1.01–1.72 ng/ml after the 0.02 mg/kg dose, 1.4–4.9 ng/ml after the 0.06 mg/kg dose, 4.6–51.4 ng/ml after the 0.12 mg/kg dose and 5.3–22.3 ng/ml after the 0.24 mg/kg dose. The range of estimates for the buprenorphine elimination half-life were as follows: 0.02 mg/kg = 1.35–5.33 h; 0.06 mg/kg = 16.1–31.2 h; 0.12 mg/kg = 10.1–34.0 h; and 0.24 = mg/kg 16.1–31.6 h. The mean ‘plasma concentration for the offset of analgesia’ was 2.3 ± 2.0 ng/ml. No adverse effects were seen. The addition of preservatives to a high-concentration buprenorphine formulation had no impact on antinociception nor any side effects. Conclusions and relevance Aqueous high-concentration buprenorphine formulations administered at 0.12 or 0.24 mg/kg have potential for clinical use in cats, providing prolonged antinociception in a single subcutaneous injection of minimal dose volume.
Effects of treatment withdrawal on brachial and central aortic pressure after direct renin inhibition or angiotensin receptor blockade
Authors: Lacy Peter S , Brunel Patrick , Bader Giovanni , Jones Alexander , Baschiera Fabio , Düsing Rainer , Williams Bryan 
Published: May 2015

Introduction: Whilst sustained lowering of brachial systolic blood pressure (Br-SBP) and central aortic systolic pressure (CASP) have been demonstrated in patients with hypertension, effects of treatment withdrawal on these parameters have not been investigated. The ASSERTIVE study previously reported more sustained control of Br-SBP with aliskiren versus telmisartan in patients with hypertension, following 7-days treatment withdrawal. In this ASSERTIVE sub-study, we hypothesised that aliskiren would similarly exert more sustained control of CASP than telmisartan during treatment withdrawal. Methods: We investigated the effects of treatment withdrawal on both Br-SBP and CASP following 12-weeks treatment with either aliskiren (300 mg) or telmisartan (80 mg). Br-SBP and CASP were measured at the end of treatment, and at days 2 and 7 following treatment withdrawal in 303 patients (CASP randomised set). Results: Of the CASP randomised set, 94 patients completed CASP measurements at all time points (CASP completer set). After 7 days of treatment withdrawal, aliskiren demonstrated lesser increases in both Br-SBP and CASP than telmisartan; Br-SBP change: −2.0±1.6 vs. +5.6±1.7 mmHg, p = 0.001; CASP change: −0.4±1.6 vs. +4.6±1.7 mmHg, p = 0.041, n = 94. Similar findings were obtained for the CASP randomised set. Conclusions: Following treatment withdrawal, aliskiren demonstrated more sustained control of both brachial and central SBP than telmisartan.
Emergent extracranial internal carotid artery stenting and mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Mishra Ankit , Stockley Hannah , Goddard Tony , Sonwalker Hemant , Wuppalapati Siddhartha , Patankar Tufail 
Published: May 2015

Objective Tandem occlusions involving both the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and an intracranial artery typically respond poorly to intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). We retrospectively review our experience with proximal ICA stenting and stent-assisted thrombectomy of the distal artery. Methods The data included patients that underwent carotid stenting and mechanical thrombectomy between 2012–2013. Radiographic, clinical, and procedural data were drawn from case notes, imaging records and discharge reports. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin scale (mRs). Results Seven patients, with a mean age of 66.4 years and a mean admission NIHSS of 18.3, underwent this procedure and were included. Each presented with an occlusion of the proximal ICA, with additional occlusions of the ICA terminus ( n = 3), middle cerebral artery ( n = 5), or anterior cerebral artery ( n = 1). Recanalisation of all identified occlusions was achieved in all patients, with a Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score of 3 and a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score >2b achieved in each case. Mean time from onset of stroke symptoms to recanalisation was 287 min; mean time from first angiography to recanalisation was 52 min. Intracranial haemorrhages occurred in two patients, with no increase in NIHSS. There were no mortalities. Mean NIHSS at discharge was 4.9, and mRs at 90 days was one in all patients. Conclusions Treatment of tandem extracranial ICA and intracranial occlusions in the setting of acute ischaemic stroke with extracranial carotid artery stenting followed by adjunctive intracranial mechanical thrombectomy is both safe and effective, but further evaluation of this treatment modality is necessary.
Regular exercise improves weight stability in patients with advanced heart failure
Authors: Boyd Andrea M. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if a progressive, prescribed home-based aerobic exercise program would alter the natural physiological processes that maintain fluid balance stability in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV heart failure after medical optimization (titration of oral medical therapy with or without the infusion of an intravenous inotrope). Methods: A total of 56 men and women from a large tertiary trauma I hospital were enrolled with 56 subjects contributing to baseline analysis and 42 subjects at 24 weeks. Subjects were diagnosed with heart failure via NYHA classification IV or III for at least 6 months and were hospitalized for a current acute decompensation exacerbation in which they were being medically optimized. The exercise intervention was a home-based, prescribed, progressive aerobic exercise program lasting for 24 weeks. The exercise participants had weekly phone calls to gather data and progress the exercise program and one 12-week follow up. The usual care participants received random phone calls to collect data and had one 12-week follow up visit to attain physical assessment values. Results: Subjects were primarily female (59%), nonwhite (54%), and NYHA class IV (52%) versus class III (48%). The mean age was 58 years (±11.8 years). The subjects had a mean ejection fraction of 17.7 % (±7%) and mean maximal oxygen consumption of 12.1 (±3.4). Using a hierarchical multiple regression model, it was demonstrated that an exercise prescription (intensity, frequency, duration) significantly predicted 24 h weight fluctuations within a NYHA class III/IV heart failure population after medical optimization ( R2 linear = 0.713, F = 3.224, p = 0.015). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that exercise is a successful adjunctive therapy to managing the daily weight variability or fluid status instability of patients with NYHA class III/IV heart failure that is often a debilitating aspect of the syndrome.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: Efficacy and safety of POEM for achalasia
Authors: Barbieri Lavinia A , Hassan Cesare , Rosati Riccardo , Romario Uberto Fumagalli , Correale Loredana , Repici Alessandro 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundPeroral endoscopic esophageal myotomy (POEM) represents a less invasive alternative, as compared with conventional laparoscopic Heller myotomy for treating achalasia patients. In the last years, a number of prospective and retrospective experiences with POEM use for achalasia have been published.MethodsRelevant publications in which patients affected by achalasia underwent POEM treatment were identified by PubMed databases for the period 2010 – 2013. From each study, we extracted the number and type of major complications (defined as those requiring any additional medical or surgical intervention). Data were pooled, using random‐effects models. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by using Cochran's Q and the I 2 statistic.ResultsWe found 16 studies that provided data on 551 patients. The median surveillance period was 6 months (range: 3–12). The median of mean POEM duration was 156 minutes (range: 42–112). Median myotomy length was 10 cm (range: 6–14). Technical and clinical success were reported in 97% (95% CI: 94–98%) and 93% (407/428; 95% CI: 90–95%). No heterogeneity (I 2  = 0%) or publication bias was present in both estimates. When limiting the analysis only to adverse events that require medical or surgical interventions, major adverse events occurred in 14% (95% CI: 11–17%); however, only one patient needed post‐POEM surgery (0.2%; 95% CI: 0–0.5%).ConclusionsPOEM appeared to be a highly feasible and effective endoscopic treatment for achalasia. Despite POEM being apparently associated with relatively high morbidity, most patients are successfully managed conservatively, so that POEM appears as a very safe procedure; however, POEM should only be performed in centers able to treat POEM complications, such as pneumothorax or pneumoperitoneum.
The association of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase‐1 (ERAP‐1) with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF)
Authors: Sezgin Gülbüz , Dabak Reşat , Kaya Fatih Oner , Kotevoglu Nurdan , Uygur‐Bayramiçli Oya , Nalbant Selim 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundThe ERAP1 gene cleaves the receptors and reduces their ability to transmit chemical signals to the cell that affect the process of inflammation and, secondly, it cleaves many types of proteins into small peptides that are recognized by the immune system.ObjectiveERAP‐1 gene mutations may create a sensitivity for Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF).MethodWe included 15 FMF patients with the M694 (+) mutation in the study in order to exclude patients without pyrin gene mutations and create a homogeneous study group. Fifteen patients with ulcerative colitis formed the control group.ResultsThere wasn’t any case without ERAP‐1 gene mutations. At least one mutation at exon 3 or exon 10 was found in all cases in both groups. There were 14 ERAP‐1 gene mutations at exon 10 and 11 at exon 3 in patients with FMF. Interestingly, if there were ERAP‐1 gene mutations at exon 3, a p.Arg127 Pro (c.380 G>C) mutation always existed for three FMF patients with polymorphic mutations at this exon. There were 11 ERAP‐1 gene mutations at exon 10 and 12 gene mutations at exon 3 in patients with ulcerative colitis. Exon 3 mutations were usually single p.Arg127 Pro (c.380 G>C) mutations for 12 patients with ulcerative colitis as seen in the patients with FMF. The single mutation was always p.Ser453 Ser (c.1359T>C) for patients with ulcerative colitis at exon 10.ConclusionThere are more ERAP‐1 mutations in the FMF group in comparison to the ulcerative colitis group. So, there may be a strong susceptibility to ERAP‐1 gene mutations in FMF patients according to our results. However, further studies with larger study and control groups are needed.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of endoscopic submucosal dissection vs endoscopic mucosal resection for colorectal lesions
Authors: Arezzo Alberto , Passera Roberto , Marchese Nicola , Galloro Giuseppe , Manta Raffaele , Cirocchi Roberto 
Published: May 2015

Background and aimsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis compares the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the treatment of flat and sessile colorectal lesions >20 mm preoperatively assessed as noninvasive.MethodsWe reviewed the literature published between January 2000 and March 2014. Pooled estimates of the proportion of patients with en bloc, R0 resection, complications, recurrence, and need for further treatment were compared in a meta‐analysis using fixed and random effects.ResultsA total of 11 studies and 4678 patients were included. The en bloc resection rate was 89.9% for ESD vs 34.9% for EMR patients (RR 1.93 p  < 0.001). The R0 resection rate was 79.6% for ESD vs 36.2% for EMR patients (RR 2.01 p  < 0.001). The rate of perforation was 4.9% for the ESD group and 0.9% for EMR (RR 3.19, p  < 0.001), while the rate of bleeding was 1.9% for ESD and 2.9% for EMR (RR 0.68, p  = 0.070). Therefore, the overall need for further surgery, including surgery for oncologic reasons and surgery for complications, was 7.8% for ESD and 3.0% for EMR (RR 2.40, p  < 0.001).ConclusionsESD achieves a higher rate of en bloc and R0 resection compared to EMR, at the cost of a higher risk of complications. This, added to an increased need for surgery for oncologic reasons for a plausible tendency to extend indication for endoscopic excision, increases the risk of further surgery after ESD.
Evidence of an epigenetic origin for high-risk 1q21 copy number aberrations in multiple myeloma
Authors: Sawyer Jeffrey R. , Tian Erming , Heuck Christoph J. , Johann Donald J. , Epstein Joshua , Swanson Charles M. , Lukacs Janet L. , Binz Regina Lichti , Johnson Marian , Sammartino Gael , Zangari Maurizio , Davies Faith E. , van Rhee Frits , Morgan Gareth J. , Barlogie Bart 
Published: May 2015

Key Points
High-risk copy number gains of 1q21 originate in part by the hypomethylation of 1q12 pericentromeric heterochromatin. Novel CNAs can result from juxtaposition of chromosomal regions to hypomethylated 1q12.
Erratum to: a SNP profiling panel for sample tracking in whole-exome sequencing studies
Authors: Pengelly Reuben J , Gibson Jane , Andreoletti Gaia , Collins Andrew , Mattocks Christopher J , Ennis Sarah 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
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This is an Erratum to Genome Medicine 2013, 5:89, highlighting an error in Table 1 of the original article. Please see related article: http://genomemedicine.com/content/5/9/89.
Towards immersive virtual reality (iVR): a route to surgical expertise
Authors: Dargar Saurabh , Kennedy Rebecca , Lai WeiXuan , Arikatla Venkata , De Suvranu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSurgery is characterized by complex tasks performed in stressful environments. To enhance patient safety and reduce errors, surgeons must be trained in environments that mimic the actual clinical setting. Rasmussen’s model of human behavior indicates that errors in surgical procedures may be skill-, rule-, or knowledge-based. While skill-based behavior and some rule-based behavior may be taught using box trainers andex vivoorin vivoanimal models, we posit that multimodal immersive virtual reality (iVR) that includes high-fidelity visual as well as other sensory feedback in a seamless fashion provides the only means of achieving true surgical expertise by addressing all three levels of human behavior. While the field of virtual reality is not new, realization of the goals of complete immersion is challenging and has been recognized as a Grand Challenge by the National Academy of Engineering. Recent technological advances in both interface and computational hardware have generated significant enthusiasm in this field. In this paper, we discuss convergence of some of these technologies and possible evolution of the field in the near term.