bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF TEACHER KNOWLEDGE IN ESP COURSE DESIGN
Authors: Górska-Poręcka Bożena 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
English for specific purposes (ESP) has been conceptualized by its leading scholars, like Hutchinson and Waters (1987) or Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998), as a multi-stage process, where the ESP practitioner fulfils a variety of roles, including that of learner needs researcher, course designer, language instructor, learning assessor, and course evaluator. The performance of these roles requires considerable knowledge of a linguistic, socio-cultural and pedagogical nature, necessary to inform the teacher’s cognitive processes, par- ticularly those involved in course decision making. The necessary professional knowledge of the ESP teacher, which is gained through professional school- ing, teacher training, and teaching experience, comprises both relevant theo- retical concepts (knowing what) and performance skills (knowing how). It di- rectly impacts on all stages of the ESP process, namely the planning, design, teaching, assessment and evaluation of a course, largely determining its quality. The present paper focuses on ESP teacher cognition, especially those cognitions (i.e. knowledge and beliefs) that are involved in course design, informing the teacher’s choices of course parameters and instructional practices. Elaborating on the concepts developed by language cognition scholars, like Shulman (1987), Andrews (e.g. 2007), and Borg (e.g. 2006), the author tries to outline the in- ternal structure of ESP teacher cognition and describe the function of each subordinate knowledge base. The paper also presents the preliminary results of a small-scale exploratory study into the professional cognition of 13 teachers of Legal and Business English employed at the University of Warsaw.
Reliability assessment of the passive heat removal system of the VVER-1000 reactor at Kudankulam NPP
Authors: Khubchandani P. , Srivastava A. , Lele H. G. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
For analyzing the failure probability of the system, a model of the system was developed in best estimate T–H code RELAP5/Mod3.3. The parameters affecting the system performance were identified, their range and distribution was determined. Feasibility of various methods for calculating functional reliability was analyzed. The response surface method was selected. A response surface was constructed for the entire range of parameters for the model developed using Monte Carlo method. A large number of samples of the input parameters was generated, taking into account their individual distributions. They were classified as success/failure based on their position with respect to the failure surface. The ratio of the failed samples to the successful samples gives us the failure probability. An attempt was also made to integrate the functional failure probability with the component failure probability of the system to get an overall failure probability of the system.
Continental scale body wave tomography of India: Evidence for attrition and preservation of lithospheric roots
Authors: Singh Arun , Mercier J.‐P. , Ravi Kumar M. , Srinagesh D. , Chadha R. K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe assemble P and S waveforms of 2301 teleseismic earthquakes registered at 413 broadband seismic stations spanning the Indian plate from the southern tip of India to the Himalayan collision belt and generate an accurate data set of 52,050 P and 30,423 S arrival times through the multichannel cross‐correlation approach. These traveltimes are then inverted to obtain 3‐D P and S velocity structures of the subcontinent at a 2° × 2° lateral resolution. The heterogeneous nature of the Indian lithospheric mantle revealed in this study suggests that the lithospheric roots are not uniformly thick on a regional scale. The key cratonic segments of the Indian shield are characterized by pockets of high velocity anomalies (∼3%) at shallow depths (<300 km), with the diamondiferous regions like Wajrakarur revealing high shear wave anomalies down to ∼300 km. In contrast to the southern Deccan volcanic province (DVP), the northwestern DVP is underlain by low velocity anomalies at similar depths suggesting that the upper mantle retains imprints of Deccan volcanism which was facilitated by the reactivation of the rift systems.
Malva sylvestris L. extract suppresses desferrioxamine‐induced PGE2 and PGD2 release in differentiated U937 cells: the development and validation of an LC‐MS/MS method for prostaglandin quantification
Authors: Martins Cleverson Antonio Ferreira , Weffort‐Santos Almeriane Maria , Gasparetto João Cleverson , Trindade Angela Cristina Leal Badaró , Otuki Michel Fleith , Pontarolo Roberto 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTMalva sylvestris is a species used worldwide as an alternative to anti‐inflammatory therapies; however, its mechanism of action remains unknown. In this paper, the anti‐inflammatory effects of M. sylvestris alcoholic extracts were evaluated by measuring the pro‐inflammatory mediators PGE2 and PGD2 in desferrioxamine‐stimulated phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate‐differentiated U937 cells. An HPLC‐DAD fingerprint of the M. sylvestris extract was performed and caffeic acid, ferulic acid and scopoletin were identified and quantified. An HPLC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated to separate and measure the prostaglandins. The lower limits of detection (~0.5 ng/mL for PGE2 and PGD2) and quantification (1.0 ng/mL for PGE2 and PGD2) indicated that the method is highly sensitive. The calibration curves showed excellent coefficients of correlation (r > 0.99) over the range of 1.0–500.0 ng/mL, and at different levels, the accuracy ranged from 96.4 to 106.4% with an RSD < 10.0% for the precision study. This method was successfully applied using U937‐d cells. A significant dose‐dependent reduction of PGE2 and PGD2 levels occurred using 10 µg/mL (10.74 ± 2.86 and 9.60 ± 6.89%) and 50 µg/mL of extract (48.37 ± 3.24 and 53.06 ± 6.15%), suggesting that the anti‐inflammatory mechanisms evoked by M. sylvestris may be related to modulation of these mediators. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(Re)creating community: Experiences of Older Women Forcibly Relocated During Apartheid
Authors: Roos Vera , Kolobe Patricia Stockie , Keating Norah 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis article explores sense of community with a group of older African women, who were forcibly relocated during apartheid. The situation of a marginalised group, with a history of disconnection from younger generations and from place, provides an opportunity to consider the relevance of community in later life. The research was conducted at a day centre for older people in the North West Province of South Africa, more than 50 years after forced relocations took place. Eleven older women (70 years and older) participated. Qualitative data were obtained through visual research methods and group discussions and were thematically analysed. Findings were that place and sense of belonging as well as elements of community were relevant. Participants reported limited connections to place in either childhood or current communities. Post relocation, a sense of belonging was expressed only in relation to a shared‐interest community of peers that addressed their needs for safety, emotional support and instrumental care. Also, generational relations were strained, giving rise to a sense of loss of a community where both young and old were responsible for each other. Constrained resource communities have a profound impact on opportunities to create a sense of belonging. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Temporal trends of fluoroscopy time and contrast utilization in coronary chronic total occlusion revascularization: Insights from a multicenter united states registry
Authors: Michael Tesfaldet T. , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Alomar Mohammed , Abdullah Shuaib M. , Kirkland Ben L. , Mishoe Katrina L. , Lembo Nicholas , Kalynych Anna , Carlson Harold , Banerjee Subhash , Luna Michael , Lombardi William , Kandzari David E. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe impact of operator experience on fluoroscopy time and contrast utilization during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs) has received limited study.MethodsWe evaluated temporal trends in fluoroscopy time and contrast utilization among 1,363 consecutive CTO PCIs performed at three US institutions between January 2006 and November 2011.ResultsMean age was 65 ± 11 years, 85% of patients were men, 40% had diabetes, 37% had prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and 42% had prior PCI. The CTO target vessel was the right coronary artery (55%), circumflex (23%), left anterior descending artery (21%), and left main or bypass graft (1%). The retrograde approach was used in 34% of all procedures. The technical and procedural success rates were 85.5 and 84.2%, respectively. The mean procedural time, fluoroscopy time, and contrast utilization were 113 ± 61 min, 42 ± 29 min, and 294 ± 158 mL, respectively. Years since initiation of CTO PCI were independently associated with higher technical success rate (odds ratio [OR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52–1.70, P < 0.001), lower fluoroscopy time (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75–0.95, P = 0.005), and contrast utilization (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.62–0.79, P < 0.001) during the study period.ConclusionsAmong selected US‐based institutions performing CTO PCI, we observed a significant reduction in total fluoroscopy time and contrast utilization paralleled with an improved technical success rate over time. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expandable sheath for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Procedural outcomes and complications
Authors: Borz Bogdan , Durand Eric , Tron Christophe , Godin Matthieu , Canville Alexandre , Hauville Camille , Cribier Alain , Eltchaninoff Hélène 
Published: January 2014

AimsIt is currently unknown whether the expandable sheath (e‐sheath) for transfemoral Edwards transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has a lower rate of access complications than the 18/19F fixed size sheath (f‐sheath). Our aim was to compare the incidence of procedural complications when using f‐sheath vs. e‐sheath during TAVR.MethodsWe included 162 consecutive patients, implanted with the Edwards SAPIEN XT valve in our center. Access closure was obtained with the Prostar system in all cases. E‐sheath was used in 80 patients (49%).ResultsMinimal ilio‐femoral diameter was comparable in e‐sheath and f‐sheath groups: 6.7 (6.1–7.7) vs. 7 (6.2–8) mm, P = 0.25, as was the frequency of peripheral artery disease: 12.5% vs. 13.4%, P = 1.0. VARC major vascular complications rate was similar in the 2 groups: e‐sheath 7 (8.8%) vs. f‐sheath 6 (7.3%), P = 0.74, as was the incidence of minor vascular complications: 8 (10%) vs. 14 (17.1%), P = 0.19, life‐threatening bleeding: 6 (7.5%) vs. 6 (7.3%), P = 0.96, major and minor bleeding and use of covered vascular stents: 9 (11%) vs. 6 (7.5%), P = 0.59.ConclusionsThe e‐sheath for TAVR with the Edwards valve did not show an advantage over the f‐sheath in reducing vascular and bleeding complications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SYNTAX score and the risk of stent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: An ACUITY trial substudy
Authors: Yadav Mayank , Généreux Philippe , Palmerini Tullio , Caixeta Adriano , Madhavan Mahesh V. , Xu Ke , Brener Sorin J. , Mehran Roxana , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the relationship between the SYNTAX score (SS) and stent thrombosis (ST) in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE‐ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundThe relationship between the SS and ST is undetermined.MethodsWe stratified 2,627 patients undergoing PCI in the ACUITY trial by SS tertile according to the current population (true tertiles, SS <7, SS = 7–12, and SS >12) and by the SYNTAX trial (original SYNTAX tertiles, SS <23, SS = 23–32, and SS >32). Thirty‐day and 1‐year rates of definite/probable ST were determined for each tertile.ResultsA total 30 (1.1%) and 41 (1.6%) definite/probable ST events occurred by 30 days and 1 year, respectively. When stratified by true tertiles, 30‐day and 1‐year rates of definite/probable ST were significantly greater in the highest tertile (SS >12; 2.0% and 2.8%) compared with the intermediate (SS = 7–12; 0.7% and 1.1%) and lowest tertiles (SS <7; 0.6% and 0.7%), P = 0.007 and P = 0.0009, respectively. When stratified by original SYNTAX tertiles, 30‐day and 1‐year rates of definite/probable ST were significantly greater in the highest (SS >32; 6.3% and 8.8%) and intermediate tertiles (SS = 23–32; 2.8% and 3.7%) compared with the lowest tertile (SS < 22; 0.8% and 1.2%), P <0.0001 for both. By multivariable analysis, the SS was an independent predictor for both 30‐day and 1‐year definite/probable ST.ConclusionsIn patients with NSTE‐ACS undergoing PCI, the extent and severity of CAD, as assessed by the SS before revascularization, was strongly associated with the occurrence of ST both at 30 days and 1 year. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlled Formation of Free‐Flowing Carvedilol Particles in the Presence of Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Authors: Pataki Hajnalka , Soti Peter , Vigh Tamas , Nagy Zsombor K. , Vajna Balazs , Csontos Istvan , Marosi Gyorgy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCarvedilol precipitation by combined antisolvent‐cooling crystallization was performed in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of different molecular weight. Drug emulsion was formed as a result of water addition and crystal growth occurred after cooling. In the absence of the additive, the kinetically preferred Form II polymorph crystallized while PVP facilitated the formation of the thermodynamically stable Form III (hemihydrate) polymorph. Crystallization was monitored by real‐time Raman spectrometry to indicate the polymorphic form and the endpoint of the process. The thermodynamic relationship between these polymorphs was established also by real‐time Raman spectrometry using ethanol and water as solvent mixture. In all cases, just a small amount of PVP, adsorbed on the crystal surface, was sufficient to affect the crystal form advantageously and induce excellent flowability of the products. The modification of crystal morphology assisted by the applied additives is ascribed to the altered way of crystal growth.
Reversible Dual‐Stimulus‐Responsive Luminescence and Color Switch of a Platinum Complex with 4‐[(2‐Trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]‐2,2′‐bipyridine
Authors: Ni Jun , Wang You‐Gui , Wang Hui‐Hui , Pan Yu‐Zhen , Xu Liang , Zhao Yan‐Qiu , Liu Xiao‐Yu , Zhang Jian‐Jun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe square‐planar diimine platinum(II) complex Pt(BpyC≡CSiMe3)(C≡CC6H5)2 (1, BpyC≡CSiMe3 = 4‐[(2‐trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]‐2,2′‐bipyridine) was prepared and characterized. In the solid state, 1 shows unusual reversible thermochromic and mechanochromic properties. When crystalline 1·2(CHCl3) is heated or ground, the bright yellow emission centered at ca. 544 (576, sh) nm changes to 722 nm, which corresponds to a thermo‐ and mechanochromic response redshift of ca. 146–178 nm. Once the heated or ground samples were exposed to organic vapors, they reverted to the original crystalline state, and the luminescence changed from red to yellow. The conversion between a triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer/ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT/3LLCT) emission state and a triplet metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MMLCT) state is the reason for the luminescence change.
Functional reorganization of brain networks in patients with painful chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Lelic D. , Olesen S.S. , Hansen T.M. , Valeriani M. , Drewes A.M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe underlying pain mechanisms of chronic pancreatitis (CP) are incompletely understood, but recent research points to involvement of pathological central nervous system processing involving pain‐relevant brain areas. We investigated the organization and connectivity of brain networks involved in nociceptive processing in patients with painful CP.MethodsContact heat‐evoked potentials (CHEPs) were recorded in 15 patients with CP and in 15 healthy volunteers. The upper abdominal area (sharing spinal innervation with the pancreatic gland) was used as a proxy of ‘pancreatic stimulation’, while stimulation of a heterologous region remote to the pancreas (right forearm) was used as a control. Subjective pain scores were assessed by visual analogue scale. The brain source organization and connectivity of CHEPs components were analysed.ResultsAfter pancreatic area stimulation, brain source analysis revealed abnormalities in the cingulate/operculo‐insular network. A posterior shift of the operculo‐insular source (p = 0.004) and an anterior shift of the cingulate source (p < 0.001) were seen in CP patients, along with a decreased strength of the cingulate source (p = 0.01). The operculo‐insular shift was positively correlated with the severity of patient clinical pain score (r = 0.61; p = 0.03). No differences in CHEPs characteristics or source localizations were seen following stimulation of the right forearm.ConclusionsCP patients showed abnormal cerebral processing after stimulation of the upper abdominal area. These changes correlated to the severity of pain the patient was experiencing. Since the upper abdominal area shares spinal innervation with the pancreatic gland, these findings likely reflect maladaptive neuroplastic changes, which are characteristic of CP.
C2–C4 hydrocarbons synthesis from syngas over CuO–ZnO–Al2O3/SAPO‐34 bifunctional catalyst
Authors: Chen Yanping , Xu Yiming , Cheng Dang‐guo , Chen Yingcai , Chen Fengqiu , Lu Xiaoyong , Huang Yiping , Ni Songbo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe synthesis of C2–C4 hydrocarbons from coal or biomass‐derived syngas has received increasing attention because of the resource constraints of petroleum. The present study explores direct production of hydrocarbons from syngas over bifunctional catalyst containing methanol synthesis catalyst CuO–ZnO–Al2O3 (CZA) and SAPO‐34 zeolite.RESULTSThe synthesis of C2–C4 hydrocarbons from syngas was investigated over CZA/SAPO‐34 bifunctional catalyst at temperatures ranging from 240 to 440°C. The results indicate that higher temperatures aggregate Cu metal and lead to the deactivation of CZA. The predominant products are dimethyl ether (DME) and methanol at temperatures from 280 to 360°C and a small amount of hydrocarbons are found due to the deactivation of SAPO‐34 caused by a type of coke named ‘inert coke’. While 96.5% selectivity of C2–C4 hydrocarbons in products of all hydrocarbons can be obtained at 400°C with less coke named ‘active coke’.CONCLUSIONReaction temperatures have significant effect on the selectivity of C2–C4 hydrocarbons and coke species of SAPO‐34. The ‘active coke’ of poly methyl‐substituted benzene/naphthalene (MB/MN) acts both as an intermediate and as coke deposition. The ‘inert coke’ of poly methyl‐substituted adamantine (MA) and other groups‐substituted benzene/naphthalene acts only as coke depositions. Comprehensive consideration of the characteristics of this bifunctional catalyst, shows that a moderate temperature for C2–C4 hydrocarbons synthesis from syngas might be approximately 400°C. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Climatology of lightning over Indian region and its relationship with convective available potential energy
Authors: Murugavel P. , Pawar S. D. , Gopalakrishan V. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe spatial distribution of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and lightning activity in different seasons over the Indian region have been studied to find out the dependence of lightning activity on CAPE. It is observed that the lightning activity over the Indian region is not controlled by CAPE alone during pre‐monsoon season. The prevailing meteorological conditions and orography over northern India, central India, northeast Pakistan and Bangladesh provide favourable conditions for formation of thunderstorms, and hence, lightning activity is higher in spite of lower value of CAPE over these regions compared to other parts of Indian region. During the monsoon season, lightning activity and CAPE are found to be better correlated with each other compared to other seasons over central and north India. It has been found that the high mountains of Himalayas generate strong updrafts necessary for the deep convective events by interacting with prevailing winds and the diabatic heating and radiative cooling of mountaintops create conditions favourable for convections. The diurnal variation of lightning activity at stations over the foothills of Himalayas showing a strong peak in lighting activity after midnight supports the idea that radiative cooling at mountaintops can create a moisture convergence at foothills and trigger the convections.
Understanding Family Migration in Rural South Africa: Exploring Children's Inclusion in the Destination Households of Migrant Parents
Authors: Bennett Rachel , Hosegood Victoria , Newell Marie‐Louise , McGrath Nuala 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDespite the removal of restrictions on movement and increasing female participation in migration, only a minority of migrant parents in South Africa include their children in their destination household. Quantitative analyses of the circumstances in which children accompany a migrant parent have been limited by the lack of available data that document family arrangements from the perspective of more than one household. This paper uses data about members of rural households in a demographic surveillance population in KwaZulu‐Natal and a linked sample survey of adult migrants to examine factors associated with children's inclusion in the destination household of migrant parents, analyse the timing and sequence of children's moves to parental destination households, and describe the composition of parental origin and destination households. The findings confirm that in contemporary South Africa, only a small percentage (14%) of migrants' children who are members of the parental origin household are also members of the parental destination household. Membership of the parental destination household is associated with parental characteristics and the child's age, but not measures of socio‐economic status, and children most commonly migrate several years after their migrant parent. Children included in the destination household of migrant fathers frequently live in small households, which also include their mother, whereas children included in the destination household of migrant mothers live in larger households. This study contributes to understanding the contexts of children's inclusion in parental destination households in South Africa and demonstrates the potential of data collected in migrants' origin and destination households. © 2014 The Authors. Population, Space and Place published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd