bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the drivers of metacommunity structure across spatial scales
Authors: Meynard Christine N. , Lavergne Sébastien , Boulangeat Isabelle , Garraud Luc , Van Es Jérémie , Mouquet Nicolas , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimMetacommunity theories attribute different relative degrees of importance to dispersal, environmental filtering, biotic interactions and stochastic processes in community assembly, but the role of spatial scale remains uncertain. Here we used two complementary statistical tools to test: (1) whether or not the patterns of community structure and environmental influences are consistent across resolutions; and (2) whether and how the joint use of two fundamentally different statistical approaches provides a complementary interpretation of results.LocationGrassland plants in the French Alps.MethodsWe used two approaches across five spatial resolutions (ranging from 1 km × 1 km to 30 km × 30 km): variance partitioning, and analysis of metacommunity structure on the site‐by‐species incidence matrices. Both methods allow the testing of expected patterns resulting from environmental filtering, but variance partitioning allows the role of dispersal and environmental gradients to be studied, while analysis of the site‐by‐species metacommunity structure informs an understanding of how environmental filtering occurs and whether or not patterns differ from chance expectation. We also used spatial regressions on species richness to identify relevant environmental factors at each scale and to link results from the two approaches.ResultsMajor environmental drivers of richness included growing degree‐days, temperature, moisture and spatial or temporal heterogeneity. Variance partitioning pointed to an increase in the role of dispersal at coarser resolutions, while metacommunity structure analysis pointed to environmental filtering having an important role at all resolutions through a Clementsian assembly process (i.e. groups of species having similar range boundaries and co‐occurring in similar environments).Main conclusionsThe combination of methods used here allows a better understanding of the forces structuring ecological communities than either one of them used separately. A key aspect in this complementarity is that variance partitioning can detect effects of dispersal whereas metacommunity structure analysis cannot. Moreover, the latter can distinguish between different forms of environmental filtering (e.g. individualistic versus group species responses to environmental gradients).
Rotational Atherectomy for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease in Octogenarians: Transradial Approach in a Tertiary Center and Literature Review
Authors: DAHDOUH ZIAD , ROULE VINCENT , DUGUÉ AUDREY EMMANUELLE , SABATIER RÉMI , LOGNONÉ THÉRÈSE , GROLLIER GILLES 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to appreciate the safety and effectiveness of transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with rotational atherectomy for highly calcified left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease in octogenarians.BackgroundConventional surgery is still considered the preferred management for LMCA disease; but, when the lesion is severely calcified, and the patient is unsuitable for surgery, the interventional cardiologist faces a complex PCI traditionally approached by femoral access.MethodsBetween June 2004 and December 2010, octogenarians with calcified LMCA disease who were primary denied for surgical revascularization were enrolled. Procedural success and major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular events (MACCE) including death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization (TLR), or stroke during long‐term follow‐up were evaluated.ResultsForty‐two consecutive patients≥80 years had undergone stenting for calcified LMCA disease (13 with rotational atherectomy, the “Rota” group, and 29 without rotational atherectomy, the “without Rota” group). Procedural success was good (92.3% vs. 96.6%, respectively, p = NS). Mean follow‐up time was 25.7 ± 21.4 and 28 ± 32.3 months, respectively. There was a TLR in 25% and 11.1%, respectively; p = NS. No difference was detected in terms of overall in‐hospital or long‐term mortality or MACCE.ConclusionRotational atherectomy followed by stent implantation by transradial approach, when applied to heavily calcified lesions, appeared to be a safe and effective strategy for the treatment of LMCA disease in octogenarians who were refused for surgery. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:173–182)
Development, validation and reliability of a web‐based questionnaire to measure health‐related quality of life in dogs
Authors: Reid J. , Wiseman‐Orr M. L. , Scott E. M. , Nolan A. M. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo describe the development, preliminary validation and reliability testing of a shortened web‐based form of GUVQuest, a structured questionnaire to measure health‐related quality of life in dogs.MethodsThe original 109 items were reduced using expert judgement and factor analysis. Validity was established by factor analysis and in a subsequent field trial using a “known groups” approach and classical test theory. Test–retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients.ResultsThe instrument comprises 46 items each of which is rated by dog owners using a 7‐point Likert scale. Factor analysis revealed a sensible structure containing four health‐related quality of life domains (vitality, pain, distress and anxiety) accounting for 64·1% of the variability in the data. The field test involving 125 dogs demonstrated very good discriminative properties and intraclass correlation coefficient values of greater than 0·6.Clinical SignificanceThis is the first report of a valid and reliable companion animal health‐related quality of life instrument, the contemporary approach to animal welfare measurement, which is presented in a web‐based format, with automated production of a health‐related quality of life profile. It offers major advantages to dog owners, practitioners and researchers.
Using formative research to design a context‐specific behaviour change strategy to improve infant and young child feeding practices and nutrition in Nepal
Authors: Locks Lindsey M. , Pandey Pooja R. , Osei Akoto K. , Spiro David S. , Adhikari Debendra P. , Haselow Nancy J. , Quinn Victoria J. , Nielsen Jennifer N. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGlobal recommendations on strategies to improve infant feeding, care and nutrition are clear; however, there is limited literature that explains methods for tailoring these recommendations to the local context where programmes are implemented. This paper aims to: (1) highlight the individual, cultural and environmental factors revealed by formative research to affect infant and young child feeding and care practices in Baitadi district of Far Western Nepal; and (2) outline how both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to design a context‐specific behaviour change strategy to improve child nutrition. Quantitative data on 750 children aged 12–23 months and their families were collected via surveys administered to mothers. The participants were selected using a multistage cluster sampling technique. The survey asked about knowledge, attitude and behaviours relating to infant and young child feeding. Qualitative data on breastfeeding and complementary feeding beliefs and practices were also collected from a separate sample via focus group discussions with mothers, and key informant interviews with mothers‐in‐law and husbands. Key findings revealed gaps in knowledge among many informants resulting in suboptimal infant and young child feeding practices – particularly with relation to duration of exclusive breastfeeding and dietary diversity of complementary foods. The findings from this research were then incorporated into a context‐specific nutrition behaviour change communication strategy.
Making use of expertise: a qualitative analysis of the experience of breastfeeding support for first‐time mothers
Authors: Leeming Dawn , Williamson Iain , Johnson Sally , Lyttle Steven 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThere is now a body of research evaluating breastfeeding interventions and exploring mothers' and health professionals' views on effective and ineffective breastfeeding support. However, this literature leaves relatively unexplored a number of questions about how breastfeeding women experience and make sense of their relationships with those trained to provide breastfeeding support. The present study collected qualitative data from 22 breastfeeding first‐time mothers in the United Kingdom on their experiences of, and orientation towards, relationships with maternity care professionals and other breastfeeding advisors. The data were obtained from interviews and audio‐diaries at two time points during the first 5 weeks post‐partum. We discuss a key theme within the data of ‘Making use of expertise’ and three subthemes that capture the way in which the women's orientation towards those assumed to have breastfeeding expertise varied according to whether the women (1) adopted a position of consulting experts vs. one of deferring to feeding authorities; (2) experienced difficulty interpreting their own and their baby's bodies; and (3) experienced the expertise of health workers as empowering or disempowering. Although sometimes mothers felt empowered by aligning themselves with the scientific approach and ‘normalising gaze’ of health care professionals, at other times this gaze could be experienced as objectifying and diminishing. The merits and limitations of a person‐centred approach to breastfeeding support are discussed in relation to using breastfeeding expertise in an empowering rather than disempowering way.
Embracing a Competency‐Based Specialty Curriculum for Community‐Based Nursing Roles
Authors: Levin Pamela F. , Swider Susan M. , Breakwell Susan , Cowell Julia M. , Reising Virginia 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Quad Council competencies for public health nursing (PHN) provide guidance in developing curricula at both the generalist and specialist level. However, these competencies are based on nursing roles in traditional public health agencies and community/public health is defined more broadly than official agency practice. The question arises as to whether community‐based specialties require largely the same knowledge and skill set as PHN. The purpose of the competency cross‐mapping project reported here was to (a) assess the intersection of the Quad Council competencies with four community‐based specialties and (b) ensure the appropriateness of a Quad Council‐based curriculum to prepare graduates across these four specialties (home health, occupational health, environmental health, and school nursing). This article details the multistep cross‐mapping process, including validation with practice leaders. Results indicate strong alignment of community‐based specialty competencies with Quad Council competencies. Community‐based specialty‐specific content that did not align well is identified, along with examples of didactic and clinical strategies to address gaps. This work indicates that a Quad Council‐based curriculum is appropriate to prepare graduates in community‐based specialties when attention to the specialty‐specific competencies in the clinical setting is included. This work guides the development of a doctorate of nursing practice curriculum in PHN, encompassing the four additional community‐based specialties.
An improved tool for household faeces management in rural Bangladeshi communities
Authors: Sultana Rebeca , Mondal Utpal K. , Rimi Nadia Ali , Unicomb Leanne , Winch Peter J. , Nahar Nazmun , Luby Stephen P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo explore child defecation and faeces management practices in rural Bangladesh with the aim to redesign and pilot a tool to facilitate removal and disposal of faeces.MethodsWe conducted six group discussions, six short interviews and three observations of practices and designed the new tool. We piloted the new tool and elicited feedback through two in‐depth interviews and two observations.ResultsUntil three years of age, a child commonly defecates in the courtyard and occasionally inside the house. A heavy digging hoe was commonly used to remove child faeces. Mothers preferred a redesigned ‘mini‐hoe’ and found it easier to use for removal and disposal of liquid faeces.ConclusionsPromoting modified local tools may contribute to improving environmental sanitation and health.
Declining Protection in Developing Countries: Fact or Fiction?
Authors: Milner Chris 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper explores whether and to what extent evident trade reform, falling average tariffs and rising exports in recent decades overstate the extent to which protectionism has declined in developing countries, especially low‐income developing countries. It identifies remaining significant protection, especially of final manufactured goods; this being associated with the presence of peak tariffs, escalating tariff structures by stage of production and replacement of old forms of non‐tariff protection with new instruments of non‐tariff protection. It also identifies significant protection arising from high international trade costs induced by inefficiencies in transportation, ports and customs, and from the growth of exports to preference‐receiving, export markets.
Draft Genome Sequence of Amycolatopsis decaplanina Strain DSM 44594
T
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Kumar Shailesh , Bala Monu , Raghava Gajendra Pal Singh , Mayilraj Shanmugam 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the 8.5-Mb genome sequence of
Amycolatopsis decaplanina
strain DSM 44594
T
, isolated from a soil sample from India. The draft genome of strain DSM 44594
T
consists of 8,533,276 bp with a 68.6% G+C content, 7,899 protein-coding genes, and 57 RNAs.
Influence of the 2009 financial crisis on detection of advanced pulmonary tuberculosis in Osaka city, Japan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Danno Katsura , Komukai Jun , Yoshida Hideki , Matsumoto Kenji , Koda Shinichi , Terakawa Kazuhiko , Iso Hiroyasu 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the economic recession and the detection of advanced cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Osaka city from 2007 to 2009.DesignA repeated cross-sectional study.SettingOsaka city has been the highest tuberculosis burden area in Japan. After the previous global financial crisis, the unemployment rate in Osaka prefecture has deteriorated from 5.3% in 2008 to 6.6% in 2009.ParticipantsDuring the study period, 3406 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were enrolled: 2530 males and 876 females; 1546 elderly cases (65 years and above) and 1860 young cases (under 65 years); 417 homeless cases and 2989 non-homeless cases.Outcome measuresPatients’ information included the sex, age, registry, health insurances, places of detection, sputum smear test results, patients’ delay, doctors’ delay and the grade of chest x-ray findings. They were statistically analysed between 2007 and 2008, two years before and just before the financial crisis, and between 2008 and 2009, just before and after the financial crisis.ResultsThe total numbers of pulmonary tuberculosis cases were 1172 in 2007, 1083 in 2008 and 1151 in 2009. In health examinations for non-homeless people, higher number of cases in 2009 were sputum smear positive, had respiratory symptoms and showed advanced disease in chest x-rays than those in 2008, with a longer patients’ delay. On the contrary, in health examination for homeless people, fewer cases of advanced pulmonary tuberculosis were found in 2009 than in 2008, with a shorter patients’ delay. In clinical examinations, there was no trend towards a difference between non-homeless and homeless people.ConclusionsAlthough homeless people might be protected by public assistance, tuberculosis prevention and control need to be reinforced for the non-homeless population after the financial crisis.
Review of cases of IgA nephropathy
Authors: World Michael J 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesA review of 26 years of British military renal pathology showed the commonest diagnosis to be immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy affecting 115/346 (33%) of cases. It was possible to follow-up 50/115 military patients with this condition with the primary objective to determine whether initial observations enabled a confident prediction of prognosis. Additionally, unpublished observations have shown that the incidence of glomerulonephritis in an Indo-Asian British military racial group was fourfold that in the majority Caucasians although the nature of pathology (IgA vs non-IgA nephropathy) was not statistically significantly different. The present study secondarily sought to determine if prognosis of IgA nephropathy was different in this Indo-Asian military group. Finally, some conclusions concerning the traditionally restrictive policy towards applicants for military service with evidence of active nephritis were attempted.MethodsAn archive of military renal patients covering 1985–2011 was reviewed and clinical details of cases of IgA nephropathy were extracted and analysed.Results95 cases (80 Caucasian, 15 Indo-Asian) were reviewed. There was no racial difference (p=0.2) in initial median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, 86 vs 83 ml/min/1.73 m2). Altogether, initial median of mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 96 mm Hg (IQR=87–103) and median proteinuria was 485 mg/24 h (IQR=195–925). There was an inverse correlation between initial eGFR and both MAP (p=0.0008) and proteinuria (p=0.0006). In the 50 patients who were followed up, the change in eGFR with time (ΔeGFR) was calculated. 10 of the 44 Caucasians and 3/6 Indo-Asians showed significant changes in eGFR but population proportions were not significantly different (p=0.2). Altogether, 11/50 (22%) showed deteriorating eGFR despite therapeutic interventions, compared with those without deterioration; this was not due to different duration of observation (p=0.08), initial MAP (p=0.23) or initial proteinuria (p=0.07). There was no statistically significant correlation between ΔeGFR and initial MAP (p=0.6) or proteinuria (p=0.7).ConclusionsThe proportion of military cases of IgA nephropathy with deteriorating renal function (22%) was not different from that described in civilians, suggesting that military medical management (including operational restriction where necessary) was appropriate. Initial clinical observations, including racial group, did not permit confident prediction of prognosis thus mandating follow-up for all military cases. Relaxing current enlistment policy would be inadvisable given the inability to confidently predict prognosis in individual cases.
ASTRAL Score Predicts 5-Year Dependence and Mortality in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Papavasileiou Vasileios , Milionis Haralampos , Michel Patrik , Makaritsis Konstantinos , Vemmou Anastasia , Koroboki Eleni , Manios Efstathios , Vemmos Konstantinos , Ntaios George 
Published: April 2013

Background and Purpose—
The ASTRAL score was externally validated showing remarkable consistency on 3-month outcome prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The present study aimed to evaluate ASTRAL score’s prognostic accuracy to predict 5-year outcome.

Methods—
All consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke registered in the Athens Stroke Registry between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2010, were included. Patients were excluded if admitted >24 hours after symptom onset or if any ASTRAL score component was missing. End points were 5-year unfavorable functional outcome, defined as modified Rankin Scale 3 to 6, and 5-year mortality. For each outcome, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was calculated; also, a multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to investigate whether the ASTRAL score was an independent predictor of outcome. The Kaplan–Meier product limit method was used to estimate the probability of 5-year survival for each ASTRAL score quartile.

Results—
The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of the score to predict 5-year unfavorable functional outcome was 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.88 to 0.91. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, the ASTRAL score was independently associated with 5-year unfavorable functional outcome (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.10). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the ASTRAL score’s discriminatory power to predict 5-year mortality was 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.78–0.83). In multivariate analysis, the ASTRAL score was independently associated with 5-year mortality (hazard ratio, 1.09, 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.10). During the 5-year follow-up, the probability of survival was significantly lower with increasing ASTRAL score quartiles (log-rank test <0.001).

Conclusions—
The ASTRAL score reliably predicts 5-year functional outcome and mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Use of Scripture in 4QBeatitudes: A Torah-Adjustment to Proverbs 1–9
Authors: Uusimäki Elisa 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This paper concerns the use of scripture in 4QBeatitudes (4Q525). The analysis of quotations and allusions shows that the status of Proverbs 1–9 as a source is primary, providing the model and salient motifs for the work. The use of Proverbs can, moreover, be associated with rewriting processes. Two features are distinctive: The author followed the order of the source to some extent in a manner reminiscent of rewriting. The motifs of female folly and her house were also used as a springboard in the creation of a poem (frg. 15). These observations suggest that 4Q525 reflects exegetical and interpretative methods attested in non-sapiential contexts. 4Q525 cannot be understood without recognizing its textual links to Proverbs, but other sources are similarly significant. The role of Psalms in particular can be described as ancillary and further directs the audience towards a Torah-centred approach to wisdom as well as implying a connection to the worship traditions of the Temple.
Individuals as information sources: Could followers benefit from leaders’ knowledge?
Authors: Lewis J.S. , Wartzok D. , Heithaus M.R. 
Published: April 2013

In dynamic fission–fusion societies, following specific individuals consistently would not be expected in the absence of benefits to followers. Followers in groups may benefit if leaders have greater knowledge about habitats that are available for foraging and how to access these areas efficiently. A small residential population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Lower Florida Keys (LFK) demonstrates such specific individual leadership, but why others choose to follow is unknown. To determine whether consistent leaders demonstrated greater knowledge of resources and habitat we (1) compared habitat use patterns across areas that varied in prey abundance for groups led by consistent leaders and groups led by individuals that did not consistently lead, (2) compared directness of travel along with number of lead animal switches when traveling for these same two group types and (3) compared home range size and home range complexity between animals that consistently led and those that did not. Foraging groups led by consistent leaders were sighted more frequently over habitat with higher fish biomass, while those led by non-consistent leaders were sighted most often over habitat with lower fish biomass. Groups with consistent leaders had less frequent lead animal switches and took more direct paths when traveling than groups led by those that did not consistently lead. Home ranges of consistent leaders did not differ in size from other individuals, but were more complex. Our results indicate that followers in LFK dolphin groups could potentially benefit from those that consistently lead due to use of profitable habitat, ability to navigate efficiently and potentially the number of areas consistent leaders are familiar with.