bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating stakeholder perspectives into the translation of cell-free fetal DNA testing for aneuploidy
Authors: Sayres Lauren C , Allyse Megan , Cho Mildred K 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Background
The translation of novel genomic technologies from bench to bedside enjoins the comprehensive consideration of the perspectives of all stakeholders who stand to influence, or be influenced by, the translational course. Non-invasive prenatal aneuploidy testing that utilizes cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) circulating in maternal blood is one example of an innovative technology that promises significant benefits for its intended end users; however, it is currently uncertain whether it will achieve widespread clinical implementation. We conducted qualitative interviews with 18 diverse stakeholders in this domain, including prospective users of the technology and healthcare personnel, researchers and developers, and experts in social, legal, and regulatory aspects of genetic technology, and a pilot survey of 62 obstetric healthcare providers. Analysis of interview and survey data was combined with a review of the proceedings of a full-day, multidisciplinary conference on the topic and published scientific and ethics literature surrounding this and other relevant technologies.

Discussion
We constructed potential pathways for technological implementation, identified broad stakeholder classes party to these translational processes, and performed a preliminary assessment of the viewpoints and interrelations among these diverse stakeholders. Some of the stakeholders whose priorities are critical to understand and integrate into translation include pregnant women and their families; healthcare providers; scientists, their institutions or companies, and the funding agencies that support them; regulatory and judicial bodies; third-party payers; professional societies; educational systems; disability rights communities; and other representatives from civil society. Stakeholder interviews, survey findings, and conference proceedings add complexity to these envisioned pathways and also demonstrate a paramount need to incorporate an iterative stakeholder analysis early and throughout the translational endeavor. We believe that the translational framework that we have developed will help guide crucial future stakeholder mapping and engagement activities for cffDNA aneuploidy testing and inform novel methods of technology assessment for other developments in the growing field of genomic medicine.

Summary
Mapping potential pathways for implementation and exploring the attitudes and interrelations of diverse stakeholders may lead to more effective translation of a novel method of prenatal aneuploidy testing.
Should psychiatrists be prescribing oestrogen therapy to their female patients?
Authors: Craig Michael C. 
Published: January 2013

SummarySome studies have indicated that oestrogen therapy may be beneficial in the treatment of a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it has been suggested that psychiatrists fail to prescribe oestrogen therapy to their patients, as they are ‘not aware of or ‘do not believe’ studies supporting their use. This paper reappraises the putative role of hormone treatments, particularly oestrogen therapy, in psychiatry.
Structural and copy number variants in the human genome: implications for psychiatry
Authors: Clair David St 
Published: January 2013

SummaryCopy number variants are small chromosomal deletions and duplications. When they alter the dose of genes critical for normal brain development and adult brain functioning they may cause severe disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Numerous such loci have recently been identified. They are offering amazing leads for neuropsychiatric research.
Differential mortality rates in major and subthreshold depression: meta-analysis of studies that measured both
Authors: Cuijpers Pirn , Vogelzangs Nicole , Twisk Jos , Kleiboer Annet , Li Juan , Penninx Brenda W. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundAlthough the association between depression and excess mortality has been well established, it is not clear whether this is greater in major depression than in subthreshold depression.AimsTo compare excess mortality in major depression with that in subthreshold depression.MethodWe searched bibliographic databases and included prospective studies in which both major and subthreshold depression were examined at baseline and mortality was measured at follow-up.ResultsA total of 22 studies were included. People with major depression had a somewhat increased chance of dying earlier than people with subthreshold depression but this difference was not significant, although there was a trend (relative risk 1.13, 95% CI 0.98-1.30, P=0.1). The population attributable fraction was 7% for major depression and an additional 7% for subthreshold depression.ConclusionsAlthough excess mortality may be somewhat higher in major than in subthreshold depression, the difference is small and the overall impact on excess mortality is comparable.
Hypochondriasis and health anxiety: conceptual challenges
Authors: Starcevic Vladan 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe relationship between hypochondriasis and health anxiety is examined by considering a DSM-5 proposal to replace the current heterogeneous concept of hypochondriasis with two disorders. The key issues are to ascertain whether these conditions are relatively distinct and whether they adequately represent the full range of clinical manifestations encompassed by hypochondriasis.
Use of electronic health records in identifying drug and alcohol misuse among psychiatric in-patients
Authors: Bell James , Kilic Cise , Prabakaran Reena , Wang Yuan Yuan , Wilson Robin , Broadbent Matthew , Kumar Anil , Curtis Vivienne 
Published: January 2013

Aims and methodTo assess the usefulness of the electronic patient record, we used the search engine Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) to scan all acute admissions during 2008 for possible substance use disorders. In addition, screening interviews were undertaken with 75 in-patients, and documentation in their files was compared with results of screening interviews.ResultsOf 839 acute admissions during 2008, 47% of males and 29% of females had reference to a substance misuse problem in their file. Documentation was unsystematic and inconsistent and mostly occurred in progress notes rather than in structured questionnaires. Screening interviews and manual review of files of 75 current in-patients confirmed that substance use disorders were common, but poorly documented.Clinical implicationsThe study highlights the power of search engines in scanning electronic clinical records, but also identified the limitations of unsystematic documentation in research and practice. Mental health staff were reluctant to diagnose or rate severity of substance misuse problems.
Disturbance Effect on Time-Dependent Yield Stress Measurement of Bentonite Suspensions
Authors: Yoon Jisuk , El Mohtar Chadi 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Disturbance effect on time-dependent yield stress measurement of bentonite suspension was investigated using vane and cone and plate geometry. With cone and plate geometry, the disturbance occurs as a result of the large strains the suspensions are subjected to when placed on the lower plate and when the cone is lowered to the testing position before the actual shear stress is applied. As an alternative, vane geometry has been used to measure yield stress in bentonite suspension to (1) minimize the placing disturbance, and (2) eliminate the loading disturbance. Even though a minimal amount of disturbance was still induced by vane geometry, it was assumed that the amount of disturbance was small enough to be ignored compared to that with cone and plate geometry. Yield stresses of bentonite suspensions at different weight fractions and various resting times were determined from stress ramp tests. Linear relationships were developed between yield stresses measured with the different geometries. Disturbance rapidly increased up to approximately 50 % with resting times, then converged at long resting times (60 % at 10 days). This indicates that cone and plate geometry significantly underestimated the actual yield stress of the tested material because of disturbance. Based on the quantified disturbance, a method to predict the undisturbed yield stress from disturbed one was proposed. The observations were interpreted with structural kinetics.
Fatigue Analysis of Asphalt Concrete under Indirect Tensile Mode of Loading Using Crack Images
Authors: Nguyen Manh Tuan , Lee Hyun Jong , Baek Jongeun 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In this study, various fatigue criteria for indirect tensile (IDT) fatigue tests were evaluated and a new approach to identify the fatigue failure was proposed based on a crack-length criterion. The IDT fatigue tests were conducted to characterize the fatigue behavior of various asphalt mixtures, such as three warm mix asphalt mixtures and a polymer-modified asphalt mixture. During the IDT tests, digital cameras were mounted to monitor crack growth on the both faces of a specimen. Existing three fatigue failure criteria were evaluated regarding to fatigue-crack development. Then, a crack-length limit was proposed as a fatigue criterion. The IDT strength tests were also conducted to determine fracture energy of the mixtures. Based on the new fatigue criterion, a fatigue performance model was constituted with dissipated and fracture energy parameters. The fatigue model proposed in this study successfully predicted the fatigue lives of the mixtures with a high level of accuracy. The main advantage of this fatigue model is that it does not need a transfer function to convert the fatigue life to crack length or area, because fatigue-crack length is directly determined from the crack-length limit.
Effect of Working Parameters on Excavation Rate and Specific Energy on Surface Treatment With Pure Water Jet
Authors: Ozcelik Yilmaz , Ciccu Raimondo , Bortolussi Augusto 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different operational variables such as traverse velocity, standoff distance, and pump pressure on the material removal rate (excavation rate) and specific energy in the surface treatment of stone with a pure water jet. In this study, these have been evaluated as performance parameters, and a specific method has been developed for material removal measurements and calculations. A set of 27 raster scanning tests was performed with a constant nozzle diameter (0.3 mm), distance between jet sweep lines (1.5 mm), and angle of inclination of the jet (30°) and varying standoff distances (50, 100, and 150 mm), traverse velocities (5, 15, and 25 m/min), and pump pressures (200, 250, and 300 MPa). It is observed that the excavation rate decreases as the standoff distance increases, whereas it increases with pressure. The specific energy increases with traverse velocity, standoff distance, and pressure, although it is not considered whenever the nozzle is moved fast and positioned away from the target.
Aircraft Turbine Engine Manufacturing with Multiple Specifications
Authors: Lin S. J. , Yang D. L. , Cheng F. T. , Wu M. F. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The blade is a key part of an aircraft engine because its geometry and manufacturing quality affect engine performance and the lift time of the airplane. Therefore, blade inspection is a key aspect of engine quality. Measuring and analyzing airfoil section parameters and geometric tolerance are essential but complex tasks in blade inspection. This study focuses on the airfoil geometry. Dimensional inspection of complex geometry parts by coordinate measuring machines is a common practice in both the automotive and aerospace industries. The conventional approach is to accept or reject parts according to inspection data. This study used a method of evaluating the capability of the blade manufacturing process to produce blades that conform to the profile specifications. The blade is possessed of multiple characteristics. All these characteristics influence the blade manufacturing process yield. An overall yield measure index CpkT is used for performing accurate yield assessments of processes with multiple characteristics. That is, the index is a generalization of the index Cpk. The applied method measures the process capability to produce a blade that meets the manufacturing specifications considering multiple product quality characteristics, including the segments of the airfoil section.
Pavement Performance of Asphalt Surface Course Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP)
Authors: Hu Xudong , Nie Yihua , Feng Yu , Zheng Qisen 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) provides many advantages. The performance of a provincial road with an asphalt surface course containing RAP in Zhejiang, China was evaluated. The surface course was prepared by central plant hot mix recycling and virgin asphalt concrete. An AC-13 was chosen as gradation design in all mixes. The performance of asphalt mixture (containing 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % RAP) was evaluated in the laboratory for fatigue resistance condition, moisture susceptibility, high-temperature stability, and low-temperature anti-cracking. Based on the laboratory results, the provincial road was constructed consisting of three sections (corresponding to 0 %, 10 %, and 20 % RAP content) in surface course with a 30-mm depth. The field site has been inspected and observed for 4 years. The field testing included deflection, skid resistance, permeable performance, and evenness evaluations. The laboratory test results show that all the testing indices satisfied the demand of the specifications, except moisture susceptibility and low temperature anti-cracking performance of the recycled asphalt concrete, including 30 % RAP. The inspection data proved that a small percentage of RAP unaffected the surface course performance, but RAP ratios greater than 20 % are not suitable in the mainline for high-volume roadways.
Viscoelastic Performance Analysis of Sulfur-Modified Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Hou Rui , Guo Zhong-yin 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
To understand the viscoelastic performance of sulfur-modified asphalt mixture, the penetration test and dynamic modulus test are used to analyze binder and mixture performance with different sulfur content. These test results show that lower sulfur concentration in the binder will increase asphalt mixture’s viscosity and temperature sensitivity. But higher sulfur concentration in the binder will increase asphalt mixture’s elasticity and reduce temperature sensitivity.
State of the Art of Asphalt Surfacings on Long-spanned Orthotropic Steel Decks in China
Authors: Chen Xianhua , Qian Zhendong , Liu Xueyan , Lei Zhang 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Reliable and durable asphalt surfacing systems still are desired for long-spanned orthotropic steel bridges according to national and international reports on distresses in deck pavement. Based on ten-year research works, this paper presents a brief review and discussion of the practices and experiences of deck pavement on long-spanned steel bridges in China, including issues of typical surfacing materials and their properties, main distresses in asphalt surfacing, and the basic characteristics of asphalt surfacing on orthotropic steel bridge decks. It is concluded that the behaviours of deck pavement on orthotropic steel bridge decks under truck loads are complex as a result of geometric and material-dependent nonlinearity, coupling the global dynamic effects of the whole bridge system. More efficient computational techniques are still desirable for coupling global effects with local responses, counting the interfacial effects and interactions, and evaluating the effect of the predominant distress of fatigue cracking and de-bonding on the service life of this type of structure.
Study on the Curing Process of Epoxy Asphalt
Authors: Wei Jianming , Zhang Yuzhen 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In the present study, the curing process of epoxy asphalt was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated total reflectance, fluorescent microscopy morphology, and surface free energy. FTIR was utilized to track the functional group changes in epoxy resin (part A) and asphalt containing a curing agent (part B) at different curing times. It is proposed that the curing agent (hardener) in the asphalt (part B) is a carboxylic acid. The curing process is the reaction between the carboxyl group and the epoxy group through which the ester carbonyl group is formed, whereby carbonyl acid molecules and epoxy molecules are bound together to form a cross-linked network. The fluorescent microscopy morphology analysis indicates that the cross-linked network did not form at the beginning of the reaction. In the cured epoxy asphalt system, the epoxy resin is the continuous phase, and the asphalt constitutes the dispersed phase. The sessile drop method was employed to measure the static contact angle between asphalt binders and three probe liquids. The surface free energies of the epoxy asphalt at different curing times were determined using the Owens–Wendt method. Contact angle and surface free energy measurements indicate that the polarity of epoxy asphalt was reduced and the dispersion part was increased with the extended curing time.
Gradation Design of the Aggregate Skeleton in Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Zhao Yongli , Xu Tao , Huang Xiaoming , Li Zhidong 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Rutting is one of primary distresses in asphalt pavements. The asphalt mixtures with strong aggregate skeleton have a good rutting resistance. The gradation design method of coarse aggregate skeleton and asphalt mixture was studied. A three-dimensional spheroid model was used to analyze the mechanical characteristics of the aggregate skeleton. The aggregate crushing test and the Marshall compact test were conducted to verify the theoretical analysis. The results show that the stability of aggregate skeleton was improved by increasing the number of contact points. And a gradation design model was developed for the coarse aggregate skeleton. 4.75 mm was defined as the dividing size between coarse and fine aggregates. The asphalt content and performance-related volume parameters were introduced into the design method. It ensures the aggregate skeleton formation and the desired performance of asphalt mixtures. The aggregate gradation is very similar to that of SMA, and that the designed asphalt mixture has good high-temperature performance. It is concluded that the proposed design method a have good practical applicability.
Relationship between Degree of Anisotropy of Asphalt Concrete and Its Geometrical Parameters
Authors: Li Chang , Ju Da 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The property of anisotropy is an inherent characteristic of asphalt concrete (AC) and is mainly created by the nonuniform distribution of aggregates. Although there are some previous studies on the subject, a universal anisotropic model is still unavailable. This paper selects an AC type frequently used in China, AC-20, and tries to establish a usable statistic regression relation to predict the degree of anisotropy. Specimens are fabricated and tested. Then regression equations are obtained, and the effects of different geometrical parameters are investigated. It can be concluded that the average long axis angle is more important than deviation from the gravity center. In resilient modulus experiments of this research, the anisotropic degree of AC-20 ranges from 0.78 to 0.85. It comes mainly from the largest granules in aggregates. The AC type that has the smaller nominal maximum particle size will have less anisotropic tendency. As for AC-20, the anisotropy tendency will be neutralized by granules smaller than 13.2 mm, and the most effective granules have sizes between 4.75 mm and 9.5 mm.
A New “Mix-confined” Repeated Load Test for Evaluating Permanent Deformation of Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Liao G. Y. , Xiang J. Y. , Huang X. M. , Yang Y. W. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Existing tests for evaluating the permanent deformation of an asphalt mixture have many problems, such as the fixed confining pressure for repeated load triaxial tests (RLTTs). The main objectives of this paper are to develop a new “mix-confined” test and to compare the accuracy and sensitivity of this test with those of RLTTs. A new mix-confined repeated load test (MCRLT) is developed to measure the permanent deformation of two types of test specimens, including field cores extracted from asphalt pavement and lab-mixed specimens. The accuracy and sensitivity of the MCRLT are compared with those of an RLTT. The results show that during the MCRLT the test specimen can provide some (but not enough) confining pressure itself (so-called mix-confined). MCRLTs have slightly higher accuracy and lower sensitivity than RLTTs. The MCRLT can be a good alternative to the RLTT for evaluating the permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures, especially when there is no RLTT equipment available.
Aging Behaviour and Mechanism of SBS-Modified Asphalt
Authors: Ma Tao , Huang Xiaoming , Zhao Yongli , Yuan Hao 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The aging behaviour and mechanism of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt has been investigated based on laboratory tests in this study. Rolling thin-film oven (RTFO) test and pressure-aging-vessel (PAV) test were conducted to prepare aged SBS-modified asphalt. Conventional property tests, including penetration, soften point, and ductility, as well as elastic recovery and SHRP property tests, including viscosity, dynamic shear rheometor (DSR) and bending-beam rheometer (BBR) tests, were mainly used to analyse the aging behaviour of SBS-modified asphalt. Then Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) tests were conducted to capture the aging mechanism of SBS-modified asphalt. The testing results indicated that SBS-modified asphalt has similar aging behaviour as base asphalt but better performance and anti-aging ability because of the existence of the SBS modifier. However, it is still inevitable that SBS-modified asphalt becomes aged because of thermal oxidation. The aging of SBS-modified binder consists of two parts: (i) the oxidative aging of the asphalt components, and (ii) the degradation of the SBS modifier. Because of the protective effect between asphalt and SBS polymer, the aging degrees of asphalt and SBS polymer were lower than those aged independently.
Research on ERS Steel Deck Pavement Techniques
Authors: Youqiang Pan , Zhixiang Zhang , Rongji Cao 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Steel bridge deck pavement has been considered as a worldwide engineering problem, especially in China. During the past decade, many famous long-span steel bridges have been built in China, for example, Sutong Yangze River Bridge. However, some serious deterioration on the steel bride deck pavement happened when it was opened to traffic because of the heavy traffic and high temperatures. Based on the analysis on the construction problem of steel deck pavement and special traffic and environmental conditions in China, a new kind of steel deck pavement structure, called epoxy–resin–stone (ERS) steel deck pavement, is presented in this paper. It contains three main layers, i.e., epoxy bonding chips layer (EBCL), resin–asphalt mixture (RA05), and stone mastic asphalt (SMA). EBCL is introduced to act as a waterproof, bonding, and slipping proof layer; RA05 is used as an intermediate layer; and SMA is used as a surface functional layer. Test results and engineering practice show that ERS steel deck pavement has excellent performance and good workability. The technique has been applied in more than 10 steel bridges. It is helpful to solve the difficult steel deck pavement problem in China.