bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graduate nurses’ knowledge of the functions and limitations of pulse oximetry
Authors: Seeley Marie‐Claire , McKenna Lisa , Hood Kerry 
Published: September 2015

Aims and objectivesTo examine nursing graduates’ knowledge of functions and limitations of pulse oximetry.BackgroundPulse oximetry is a technology ubiquitous in its use in modern clinical settings. Although the technology's ability to accurately reflect hypoxaemia in patients has been established, its contribution to improving patient outcomes is less certain. In addition, experienced nurses have previously demonstrated poor understanding of the limitations of the technology. Pregraduate education has been identified as a potential source of knowledge deficit and has been recommended by authors as an important target of investigation.DesignCross‐sectional, comparative, multicentre study.MethodA previously published and validated tool was used with the addition of eight clinical scenario questions which were validated by an expert panel. Convenience sampling was used to select participants to form one cohort of newly graduated nurses (Cohort 1:n= 210) and a second cohort of nurses completing their intensive postgraduate clinical year (Cohort 2:n= 97).ResultsSignificant deficits relating to the theoretical factors that affect pulse oximetry application and interpretation were identified. Results suggest some knowledge is negatively correlated with clinical experience and that pregraduate university education appears to influence the ability to effectively apply pulse oximetry knowledge to clinical scenarios.ConclusionsThis study provides insight into pulse oximetry knowledge acquisition and deficits of graduate nurses which may inform pre‐ and postgraduate nurse education. In particular, it suggests that some pulse oximetry knowledge and clinical application of knowledge is not enhanced by clinical experience but rather is currently gained through pregraduate experiences.Relevance to clinical practiceInappropriate utilisation and interpretation of pulse oximetry places patients at risk of mismanagement and undetected deterioration. Improvement in pregraduate education around the appropriate use of pulse oximetry may reduce clinical costs, reduce incidents of failure to rescue and improve patient outcomes.
Institutional Regime, Opportunity Space and Organizational Path Constitution: Case Studies of the Conversion of Military Firms in China
Authors: Jing Runtian , Benner Mary 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study examines organizational path constitution from an institutional regime view. The research setting is the conversion of military firms to the civilian market in China since the country's economic reform in 1978. We begin with a questionnaire survey to better understand the situation and context of military conversion, and then conducted an embedded multiple‐case study method that shows how different patterns of organizational path constitution arise from a process of change efforts, change outcomes and opportunity space. Our context further allows us to examine how heterogeneous locally‐based institutional regimes affect the opportunity space of embedded organizations, enabling or constraining their change actions. The overall contribution is a theoretical model that reveals the relations between heterogeneous institutional regimes, opportunity spaces and organizational path constitution. Our findings have implications for the path dependence literature.
Patients’ experience of partial tooth loss and expectations to treatment: a qualitative study in Danish and Swedish patients
Authors: Øzhayat E. B. , Åkerman S. , Lundegren N. , Öwall B. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryKnowledge of impairments, wishes and expectations is essential to make correct decisions regarding oral rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate discomforts, wishes and expectations in patients’ with partial edentulism before entering oral rehabilitation. In Copenhagen, Denmark, and Malmö, Sweden, respectively, 20 patients with partial edentulism seeking rehabilitation were interviewed in a semistructured qualitative manner. The interviews were transcribed and analysed yielding overall domains. Six themes appeared as overall domains: (i) experienced impairments, (ii) experienced social awareness, (iii) expectation to treatment, (iv) expectation to durability/survival, (v) coping strategies dealing with the tooth loss including explanations of the tooth loss and (vi) modifications to experienced impairment. The impairments were mostly experienced as problems in social settings. Most participants expressed a simple wish to function normally; a fixed solution was preferred. Many Danish participants accepted a removable solution whereas only few Swedish participants did so. The domains ‘coping strategies’ and ‘modifications’ were not part of the chosen topics of interest, indicating a high wish of the participants to explain their tooth loss and how they coped with it. In conclusion, a large degree of social impairment was found in the patient group along with several coping strategies. The impairments were modified by a number of factors indicating that highly individualised care and treatment is needed. A state of normality was described as the primary treatment wish with a higher acceptance of removable solutions in Denmark than in Sweden. For final decision‐making, surrounding factors seemed to influence the patients’ choices.
Biometric Modeling of Gene‐Environment Interplay: The Intersection of Theory and Method and Applications for Social Inequality
Authors: South Susan C. , Hamdi Nayla R. , Krueger Robert F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFor more than a decade, biometric moderation models have been used to examine whether genetic and environmental influences on individual differences might vary within the population. These quantitative Gene × Environment interaction models have the potential to elucidate not only when genetic and environmental influences on a phenotype might differ, but also why, as they provide an empirical test of several theoretical paradigms that serve as useful heuristics to explain etiology—diathesis‐stress, bioecological, differential susceptibility, and social control. In the current article, we review how these developmental theories align with different patterns of findings from statistical models of gene‐environment interplay. We then describe the extant empirical evidence, using work by our own research group and others, to lay out genetically informative plausible accounts of how phenotypes related to social inequality—physical health and cognition—might relate to these theoretical models.
Emergency department visits and revisits for nontraumatic dental conditions in Iowa
Authors: Darling Brian G. , Singhal Astha , Kanellis Michael J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the characteristics associated with emergency department (ED) utilization in Iowa for nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDCs), and those associated with having multiple visits to the ED for NTDCs before the Medicaid expansion program in Iowa.MethodsState Emergency Department Database for Iowa was used for 2012, which comprised of all outpatient ED visits in the state. Logistic regression was used for bivariate and multivariable analyses to model the odds of visiting the ED for NTDCs, relative to other conditions, and odds of visiting the ED multiple times relative to a single time in 2012 for NTDCs. The hospital charges associated with the NTDC ED visits were also examined.ResultsED visits for NTDCs comprised 1.41% of all ED visits in Iowa during 2012 with a mean charge of $557. Of the patients presenting for NTDCs in 2012, 17% presented multiples times. Young adults, Medicaid enrollees or uninsured, and those residing in metropolitan areas had greater odds of presenting to the EDs for NTDCs compared with other conditions, and presenting multiple times to EDs for NTDCs. Those with more chronic conditions also had greater odds of repeatedly visiting the ED for NTDCs.ConclusionsLow‐income young adults in Iowa rely on EDs for their dental needs that can have substantial costs. The Dental Wellness Plan (DWP) is intended to facilitate dental care access by providing dental coverage to low‐income Iowans. This study provides baseline data that will be used to evaluate the success of DWP in improving access to dental care.
Plasma Peak and Trough Gentamicin Concentrations in Hospitalized Horses Receiving Intravenously Administered Gentamicin
Authors: Bauquier J.R. , Boston R.C. , Sweeney R.W. , Wilkins P.A. , Nolen‐Walston R.D. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundGentamicin is an aminoglycoside antimicrobial commonly used in horses at 6.6 mg/kgIVonce daily. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can confirm desired peak concentration is reached for common bacterial isolates, and detect toxicosis associated with high trough values.ObjectivesDetermine the relationship between gentamicin dose and plasma concentration in hospitalized horses, and identify a starting dose range to achieve peaks > 32 μg/mL.AnimalsSixty‐five horses (2002–2010) receiving once‐daily gentamicin withTDMperformed (N = 99 sets).MethodsRetrospective study. Data from hospitalized horses including weight, dose, plasma peak, and trough gentamicin concentration, creatinine concentrations and presence of focal or systemic disease were collected from medical records. Peak concentrations measured 25–35 minutes after administration were included (N = 77). Data were divided into low (<7.7 mg/kg), medium (7.7–9.7 mg/kg) and high (>9.7 mg/kg) dose groups, and were grouped by the horse having focal or systemic disease.ResultsPeak concentrations resulting from doses ≥7.7 mg/kg were 5.74 μg/mL (SE2.1 μg/mL) greater than peaks from doses <7.7 mg/kg (P= .007). Peak concentrations was 3.6 times more likely to be >32 μg/mL if dose was ≥7.7 mg/kg (P= .04). There were no significant effects of dose on trough or creatinine concentration. At a given dose, horses with focal disease had higher peaks than those with systemic disease (P= .039).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese data suggest gentamicin dosage should be individually determined in horses usingTDM, but support an initial once‐daily dose of 7.7–9.7 mg/kg IV to achieve peaks >32 μg/mL and trough concentrations <2 μg/mL. Further studies evaluating the safety of doses >6.6 mg/kg are required.
The Association of Endothelin‐1 Signaling with Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Expression and Protumorigenic Activities in Canine Osteosarcoma
Authors: Neumann Z.L. , Pondenis H.C. , Masyr A. , Byrum M.L. , Wycislo K.L. , Fan T.M. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundCanine osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive sarcoma characterized by pathologic skeletal resorption and pulmonary metastases. A number of negative prognostic factors, including bone alkaline phosphatase, have been identified in dogs withOS, but the underlying biologic factors responsible for such observations have not been thoroughly investigated. Endothelin‐1‐mediated signaling is active during bone repair, and is responsible for osteoblast migration, survival, proliferation, and bone alkaline phosphatase expression.HypothesisThe endothelin‐1 signaling axis is active in canineOScells, and this pathway is utilized by malignant osteoblasts for promoting cellular migration, survival, proliferation, and bone alkaline phosphatase activities.Animals45 dogs with appendicularOS.MethodsThe expressions of endothelin‐1 and endothelinAreceptor were studied inOScell lines and in samples from spontaneously occurring tumors. Activities mediated by endothelin‐1 signaling were investigated by characterizing responses in 3OScell lines. In 45 dogs withOS, bone alkaline phosphatase concentrations were correlated with primary tumor osteoproductivity.ResultsCanineOScells express endothelin‐1 and endothelinAreceptor, and this signaling axis mediatesOSmigration, survival, proliferation, and bone alkaline phosphatase activities. InOS‐bearing dogs, circulating bone alkaline phosphatase activities were positively correlated with primary tumor relative bone mineral densities.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCanineOScells express endothelin‐1 and functional endothelinAreceptors, with the potential for a protumorigenic signaling loop. Increases in bone alkaline phosphatase activity are associated with osteoblasticOSlesions, and might be an epiphenomenon of active endothelin‐1 signaling or excessive osteoproduction within the localized bone microenvironment.
ROBUST FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM FOR CONTINUOUS PROCESSES
Authors: Biagini Sara , Bouchard Bruno , Kardaras Constantinos , Nutz Marcel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe study a continuous‐time financial market with continuous price processes under model uncertainty, modeled via a family of possible physical measures. A robust notion of no‐arbitrage of the first kind is introduced; it postulates that a nonnegative, nonvanishing claim cannot be superhedged for free by using simple trading strategies. Our first main result is a version of the fundamental theorem of asset pricing: holds if and only if every admits a martingale measure that is equivalent up to a certain lifetime. The second main result provides the existence of optimal superhedging strategies for general contingent claims and a representation of the superhedging price in terms of martingale measures.
Association of serum sodium levels with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease: Results from a prospective observational study
Authors: Chiu Diana Yuan Yng , Kalra Philip A , Sinha Smeeta , Green Darren 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsThe prevalence of hyponatraemia in the outpatient setting has not been thoroughly explored, and little is known about the prognostic implication of dysnatraemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, in particular accommodating the effect of concurrent medications.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study of non‐dialysis‐dependent CKD patients managed in a nephrology clinic. Patients enrolled between 2002 and 2012 in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Standards Implementation Study were assessed. Survival analyses were performed using baseline sodium and 12‐month time‐averaged sodium, with adjustment for co‐morbid diseases, laboratory findings and concurrent medications.ResultsAt baseline (n = 2093), mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 32.8 ± 15.9 ml/min per 1.73 m2, median age was 67 (interquartile range 56–75) years and median serum sodium concentration was 140 (138–142) mmol/l. After a follow up of 41 (18–67) months, there were 684 deaths, 174 from cardiovascular causes; 1925 time‐averaged sodium values were analysed. In the Cox multivariate adjusted regression, baseline hyponatraemia, but not hypernatraemia, was independently associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.78, P = 0.04, and HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.84–1.57, P = 0.39, respectively). This was similarly the case for time‐averaged hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.59–2.91, P < 0.01, and HR 1.47, 95% CI 0.93–2.38, P = 0.10, respectively). However, the association of baseline and time‐averaged hyponatraemia with cardiovascular mortality was not significant.ConclusionHyponatraemia in the ambulatory setting is associated with all‐cause but not cardiovascular mortality in CKD, independent of concomitant medications and co‐morbidities.
QseBC, a two‐component bacterial adrenergic receptor and global regulator of virulence in Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae
Authors: Weigel W.A. , Demuth D.R. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe QseBC two‐component system (TCS) is associated with quorum sensing and functions as a global regulator of virulence. Based on sequence similarity within the sensor domain and conservation of an acidic motif essential for signal recognition, QseBC is primarily distributed in the Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae. In Escherichia coli, QseC responds to autoinducer‐3 and/or epinephrine/norepinephrine. Binding of epinephrine/norepinephrine is inhibited by adrenergic antagonists; hence QseC functions as a bacterial adrenergic receptor. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans QseC is activated by a combination of epinephrine/norepinephrine and iron, whereas only iron activates the Haemophilus influenzae sensor. QseC phosphorylates QseB but there is growing evidence that QseB is activated by non‐cognate sensors and regulated by dephosphorylation via QseC. Interestingly, the QseBC signaling cascades and regulons differ significantly. In enterohemorrhagic E. coli, QseC induces expression of a second adrenergic TCS and phosphorylates two non‐cognate response regulators, each of which induces specific sets of virulence genes. This signaling pathway integrates with other regulatory mechanisms mediated by transcriptional regulators QseA and QseD and a fucose‐sensing TCS and likely controls the level and timing of virulence gene expression. In contrast, A. actinomycetemcomitans QseC signals through QseB to regulate genes involved in anaerobic metabolism and energy production, which may prime cellular metabolism for growth in an anaerobic host niche. QseC represents a novel target for therapeutic intervention and small molecule inhibitors already show promise as broad‐spectrum antimicrobials. Further characterization of QseBC signaling may identify additional differences in QseBC function and inform further development of new therapeutics to control microbial infections.
Targeted gene exchange in plant cells mediated by a zinc finger nuclease double cut
Authors: Schneider Katja , Schiermeyer Andreas , Dolls Anja , Koch Natalie , Herwartz Denise , Kirchhoff Janina , Fischer Rainer , Russell Sean M. , Cao Zehui , Corbin David R. , Sastry‐Dent Lakshmi , Ainley W. Michael , Webb Steven R. , Schinkel Helga , Schillberg Stefan 
Published: October 2015

SummaryGenome modification by homology‐directed repair (HDR) is an attractive tool for the controlled genetic manipulation of plants. Here, we report the HDR‐mediated gene exchange of expression cassettes in tobacco BY‐2 cells using a designed zinc finger nuclease (ZFN). The target contained a 7‐kb fragment flanked by two ZFN cutting sites. That fragment was replaced with a 4‐kb donor cassette, which integrates gene markers for selection (kanamycin resistance) and for scoring targeting (red fluorescent protein, RFP). Candidates resulting from cassette exchange were identified by molecular analysis of calli generated by transformation via direct DNA delivery. The precision of HDR‐mediated donor integration was evaluated by Southern blot analysis, sequencing of the integration locus and analysis of RFP fluorescence by flow cytometry. Screening of 1326 kanamycin‐resistant calli yielded 18 HDR events, 16 of which had a perfect cassette exchange at the insert junction and 13 of which produced functional RFP. Our results demonstrate that ZFN‐based HDR can be used for high frequency, precise, targeted exchange of fragments of sizes that are commercially relevant in plants.
Photo‐Thermo‐Mechanical Behaviour Under Quasi‐Static Tensile Conditions of a PMMA‐Core Optical Fibre
Authors: Pérez‐Castellanos J. L. , Montero D. S. , Vázquez C. , Zahr‐Viñuela J. , González M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAs the optical power transmitted by an optical fibre under tensile stress varies with strain, it can be used as a sensor for strain monitoring in structural elements. In the present work, quasi‐static tensile tests of step index polymer optical fibres (POF) with simultaneous measurement of surface temperature and optical power are described. Young's modulus, yield stress and tensile strength are derived from experimental tests. Morphological characterization of the POF fibres using scanning electron microscope images and differential calorimetry technique is performed. The contributions of both elastic and plastic strain components to the variation of temperature and optical power loss are also estimated. The evolution of the POF mechanical properties as well as that of temperature and optical power loss is explained in terms of the progressive relative movement and alignment of the molecular chains in the direction of the applied load. Strain, temperature and optical power loss are then correlated.
Segmentation and kinematics of the North America‐Caribbean plate boundary offshore Hispaniola
Authors: Leroy Sylvie , Ellouz‐Zimmermann Nadine , Corbeau Jordane , Rolandone Frédérique , de Lépinay Bernard Mercier , Meyer Bertrand , Momplaisir Roberte , Granja Bruña José‐Luis , Battani Anne , Baurion Céline , Burov Evgueni , Clouard Valérie , Deschamps Rémy , Gorini Christian , Hamon Youri , Lafosse Manfred , Leonel Jottin , Le Pourhiet Laetitia , Llanes Estrada Pilar , Loget Nicolas , Lucazeau Francis , Pillot Daniel , Poort Jeffrey , Tankoo Kevin R. , Cuevas José‐Luis , Alcaide José‐Fernando , Jean Poix Claude , Muñoz‐Martin Alfonso , Mitton Serge , Rodriguez Yamil , Schmitz Julien , Seeber Leonardo , Carbo‐Gorosabel Andres , Muñoz Santiago 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe explored the submarine portions of the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden Fault zone (EPGFZ) and the Septentrional–Oriente Fault zone (SOFZ) along the Northern Caribbean plate boundary using high‐resolution multibeam echo‐sounding and shallow seismic reflection. The bathymetric data shed light on poorly documented or previously unknown submarine fault zones running over 200 km between Haiti and Jamaica (EPGFZ) and 300 km between the Dominican Republic and Cuba (SOFZ). The primary plate‐boundary structures are a series of strike‐slip fault segments associated with pressure ridges, restraining bends, step overs and dogleg offsets indicating very active tectonics. Several distinct segments 50–100 km long cut across pre‐existing structures inherited from former tectonic regimes or bypass recent morphologies formed under the current strike‐slip regime. Along the most recent trace of theSOFZ, we measured a strike‐slip offset of 16.5 km, which indicates steady activity for the past ~1.8 Ma if its currentGPS‐derived motion of 9.8 ± 2 mm a−1has remained stable during the entire Quaternary.
Intestinal amoebiasis in a patient with acute graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation successfully treated by metronidazole
Authors: Numata A. , Itabashi M. , Kishimoto K. , Motohashi K. , Hagihara M. , Kuwabara H. , Tanaka M. , Kato H. , Chiba S. , Kunisaki R. , Fujisawa S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAmoebiasis has rarely been reported in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, although it is a world‐wide infection and extremely common. We present a case of intestinal amoebiasis unexpectedly revealed by colonoscopy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a human leukocyte antigen‐mismatched unrelated donor for acute myeloid leukemia arising from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and successfully treated by metronidazole.