bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From prevention to treatment: Prescription medication, information, and health behaviors
Authors: Horn Danea 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMedical innovations may lessen the perceived risk of disease which can decrease the take‐up of healthy behaviors, a phenomenon known as risk compensation. In contrast, a diagnosis provides updated information about the state of one's health which may motivate positive behavior change. In this paper, I consider how behavior changes in response to a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) before and after the FDA approval of new classes of drugs to treat high blood pressure and high cholesterol in 1973. I find that individuals diagnosed with CVD are more likely to follow a diet and decrease body‐mass index in response to the diagnosis, irrespective of medication approvals. Nonsmoking is a notable exception. Prior to medication availability, there is no change in smoking behavior in response to a CVD diagnosis. Conversely, when medication is available, there is a significant decline in smoking. The empirical complementarity of medication and smoking cessation may be driven by increased exposure to medical professionals (who emphasize the harms of smoking) or because medication decreases the risk of CVD death which heightens the importance of investing in future health.
Perceptions and attitudes of health science students relating to artificial intelligence (AI): A scoping review
Authors: Derakhshanian Shokoufeh , Wood Lucy , Arruzza Elio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe recent integration of artificial intelligence (AI) across education, research, and clinical healthcare has led to a growing interest in AI training for healthcare students. This scoping review seeks to delve into existing literature, aiming to evaluate the perceptions and attitudes, of health science students toward the implementation of AI in their field.MethodsThis review followed the methodological guidance offered by Arksey and O'Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). A systematic search was conducted in the databases Medline, Emcare, and Scopus. Studies using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were eligible if they explored the perceptions or attitudes of health science students in relation to AI. Relevant data from eligible articles was extracted and analyzed using narrative synthesis.ResultsTen studies were included. Articles reported on the primary outcomes of perceptions (i.e., thoughts, ideas, satisfaction, etc.) and attitudes (i.e., beliefs, tendencies, etc.). Disciplines included nursing, diagnostic radiography, pharmacy, midwifery, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and speech pathology were featured. Overall, students felt positively about the potential benefits AI would have on their future work. Students' interest and willingness to learn about AI was also favorable. Studies evaluating attitudes found positive correlations between attitudes toward AI, AI utilization, and intention to use AI. Negative perceptions related to threats of job security, and a lack of realism associated with AI software.ConclusionOverall, evidence from this review indicates that health science students' worldwide hold positive perceptions toward AI. Educators should focus on instilling positive attitudes toward AI, given correlations between AI exposure and intention to adopt AI.
Mirikizumab: A promising breakthrough in Crohn's disease treatment
Authors: Aslam Muaaz , Ali Mohammad Haris , Irfan Hamza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory bowel disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and noncontiguous “skip lesions” throughout the gastrointestinal tract. With a prevalence of 100–300 cases per 100,000 individuals, CD is most common in Western Europe and North America. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, weight loss, and anemia, with severe cases leading to complications such as perianal abscesses and cutaneous fistulas. Treatment involves pharmaceutical interventions, bowel rest, and sometimes surgery, with biological therapies like ustekinumab and mirikizumab gaining prominence.Clinical TrialsThe VIVID‐1 trial assessed mirikizumab in patients with moderately to severely active CD. By Week 12, mirikizumab significantly outperformed placebo in clinical response (45.4% vs. 19.6%, p < 0.000001). By Week 52, it showed higher clinical remission rates (54.1% vs. 19.6%) and demonstrated non‐inferiority to ustekinumab in clinical remission (p = 0.51). The SEQUENCE study compared risankizumab to ustekinumab, with risankizumab showing superior reductions in inflammatory markers and higher biologic remission rates at Weeks 8, 24, and 48. Both treatments had similar safety profiles, with common adverse events including COVID‐19, anemia, and headache.ConclusionMirikizumab, based on the VIVID‐1 trial outcomes, is a promising addition to CD therapy. It demonstrated significant clinical responses and remission rates, warranting further research on its long‐term efficacy and safety. Updating professional guidelines and addressing affordability will ensure broader access and improved management of CD.
Application of the image‐well method for transient borehole thermal energy storage systems with complex boundaries
Authors: Lin Ying‐Fan , Rau Gabriel C. , Kurylyk Barret L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a new analytical framework that employs the image‐well method to simulate the spatial and temporal temperature distribution in vertical borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) systems. The model accommodates complex boundary shapes and conditions, including insulation, convection, and constant temperature, without requiring iterative solutions at each time step. The model's accuracy and utility are demonstrated through an application to a borehole heat exchanger cluster arranged in an octagonal shape with insulating boundaries, based on a BTES site in Drake Landing (Canada). Model predictions are validated against a finite element model, showing a root‐mean‐square error of 0.012°C. A global sensitivity analysis highlights the influence of thermal parameters on system performance, identifying the heat flux of the borehole heat exchanger as the most sensitive parameter. Overall, this approach combines the advantages of analytical and numerical techniques to provide a clear and efficient tool for evaluating BTES systems, offering significant potential for advancing sustainable energy solutions.
Cannabidiol as a possible treatment for endometriosis through suppression of inflammation and angiogenesis
Authors: Anvari Aliabad Roghayeh , Hassanpour Kamyab , Norooznezhad Amir Hossein 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundEndometriosis is associated with a wide variety of signs and symptoms and can lead to infertility, embryo death, and even miscarriage. Although the exact pathogenesis and etiology of endometriosis is still unclear, it has been shown that it has a chronic inflammatory nature and angiogenesis is also involved in it.ObjectiveThis review aims to explore the role of inflammation and angiogenesis in endometriosis and suggest a potential treatment targeting these pathways.FindingsAmong the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, studies have shown solid roles for interleukin 1β (IL‐β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) in the pathogenesis of this condition. Other than inflammation, angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre‐existing capillaries, is also involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Among angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are more essential in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Interestingly, it has been shown that inflammation and angiogenesis share some similar pathways with each other that could be potentially targeted for treatment of diseases caused by these two processes. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non‐psychoactive member of cannabinoids which has well‐known and notable anti‐inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties. This agent has been shown to decrease IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, VEGF, TGFβ, and MMPs in different animal models of diseases.ConclusionIt seems that CBD could be a possible treatment for endometriosis due to its anti‐inflammatory and antiangiogenic activity, however, further studies are needed.
Approaches for Lynch syndrome screening and characteristics of subtypes with mismatch repair deficiency in patients with colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Feng Xu , Yao Qianlan , Xu Yuyin , Zhang Jing , Jia Liqin , Wang Qian , Cai Xu , Xu Ye , Liu Fangqi , Huang Dan , Sheng Weiqi , Bai Qianming , Zhu Xiaoli , Zhou Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo evaluate different Lynch syndrome (LS) screening approaches and establish an efficient and sensitive strategy are critical for clinical practice. In total, 583 patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were enrolled. Patient samples were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and next‐generation sequencing (NGS), and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation (MPH) was detected in MLH1‐deficient cases. Germline genetic testing was performed in cases with deleterious variants and large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) of tumor MMR genes were detected in cases with dMMR or MSI‐H cases with no MMR germline variants. Our results showed that triage with IHC and followed by BRAF/MLH1 methylation testing (Strategy 1) identified 93.3% (70/75) of LS cases. IHC followed by germline NGS (Strategy 2) or direct tumor NGS (Strategy 3) both identified 98.7% (74/75) of LS cases. The proportion of LGRs in LS cases was 16.0% (12/75), while 84.0% (63/75) showed SNV/Indel. The average cost per patient was ¥6010.81, ¥6058.48, and ¥8029.98 for Strategy 1, Strategy 2 and Strategy 3, respectively. The average time spent on different strategies was 4.74 days (Strategy 1), 4.89 days (Strategy 2), and 14.50 days (Strategy 3) per patient, respectively. LS and Lynch‐like syndrome (LLS) were associated with an earlier onset age than MPH. In conclusion, we compared different workflows for LS screening and IHC plus germline NGS is recommended for LS screening when taking sensitivity, time, and cost into account. Moreover, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification made up for the shortcoming of NGS and should be incorporated into routine screening.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in chemoradiation‐induced lung damage: Mechanisms and potential treatment approaches
Authors: Saadh Mohamed J. , Sharma Pawan , Naser Israa Habeeb , Kumar Abhishek , Ravi Kumar M. , Rasulova Irodakhon , Mohammed Faraj , Allela Omer Qutaiba B. , Mohammed Wathiq Kh. , Ahmed Nahed Mahmood , Al‐Ani Ahmed Muzahem , Redhee Ahmed Huseen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPulmonary injury is one of the key restricting factors for the therapy of malignancies with chemotherapy or following radiotherapy for chest cancers. The lung is a sensitive organ to some severely toxic antitumor drugs, consisting of bleomycin and alkylating agents. Furthermore, treatment with radiotherapy may drive acute and late adverse impacts on the lung. The major consequences of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the lung are pneumonitis and fibrosis. Pneumonitis may arise some months to a few years behind cancer therapy. However, fibrosis is a long‐term effect that appears years after chemo/or radiotherapy. Several mechanisms such as oxidative stress and severe immune reactions are implicated in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is offered as a pivotal mechanism for lung fibrosis behind chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It seems that pulmonary fibrosis is the main consequence of EMT after chemo/radiotherapy. Several biological processes, consisting of the liberation of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrosis molecules, oxidative stress, upregulation of nuclear factor of κB and Akt, epigenetic changes, and some others, may participate in EMT and pulmonary fibrosis behind cancer therapy. In this review, we aim to discuss how chemotherapy or radiotherapy may promote EMT and lung fibrosis. Furthermore, we review potential targets and effective agents to suppress EMT and lung fibrosis after cancer therapy.
The hepatoprotective potential of tannic acid against doxorubicin‐induced hepatotoxicity: Insights into its antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms
Authors: Özturk Neslihan , Ceylan Hamid , Demir Yeliz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX), which is frequently used in cancer treatment, has limited clinical use due to adverse effects on healthy tissues, especially the liver. Therefore, it is necessary to research the molecular basis of DOX‐induced organ and tissue damage and protective agents. In this study, we aimed to examine the protective effects of tannic acid (TA) against DOX‐induced hepatoxicity in experimental rat models. Rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: the untreated control, DOX, TA, and cotreatment (DOX + TA) groups. We investigated the antioxidant system's main components and oxidative stress indicators. Moreover, we examined alterations in the mRNA expression of critical regulators that modulate apoptosis, inflammation, and cell metabolism to better understand the underlying factors of DOX‐induced liver toxicity. The results showed that DOX exposure caused an increase in MDA levels and a significant depletion of GSH content in rat liver tissues. Consistent with oxidative stress‐related metabolites, DOX was found to significantly suppress both mRNA expression and enzyme activities of antioxidant system components. Moreover, DOX exposure had significant adverse effects on regulating the other regulatory genes studied. However, it was determined that TA could alleviate many of the negative changes caused by DOX. The results of the present study indicated that TA might be considered a versatile candidate that could prevent DOX‐induced hepatotoxicity, possibly by preserving cell physiology, viability, and especially redox balance.
Detection of lumpy skin disease virus reads in the human upper respiratory tract microbiome requires further investigation
Authors: Tomar Siddharth Singh , Khairnar Krishna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a double‐stranded DNA virus from the Capripoxvirus genus, primarily affects Bos indicus, Bos taurus breeds, and water buffalo. Arthropod vectors, including mosquitoes and biting flies, are the main LSDV transmitters. Although LSDV is not zoonotic, this study unexpectedly detected LSDV reads in the upper respiratory tract microbiome of humans from rural and urban areas in Maharashtra, India. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples collected for SARS‐CoV‐2 surveillance underwent whole‐genome metagenomics sequencing, revealing LSDV reads in 25% of samples. Split kmer analysis provided insights into sample relatedness despite the low coverage of LSDV reads with the reference genome. Our findings, which include the detection of LSDV contigs aligning to specific locations on the reference genome, suggest a common source for LSDV reads, potentially shared water sources, or milk/milk products. Further investigation is needed to ascertain the mode of transmission and reason for the detection of LSDV reads in human upper respiratory tract.
Synthesis and properties of pH‐dependent Gemini surfactant containing tripeptide structure
Authors: Han Fu , Song Ziyu , Cao Tianyu , Guo Mingmin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAmino acid surfactants have mild performance and are sourced from renewable biomass. Compared to classical surfactants, Gemini surfactants have superior properties. The amino acid Gemini surfactants are believed to be adopted more widely. The Gemini surfactant with tripeptide structure, sodium di(lauroyl glutamyl) lysine (DLGL), was prepared by amidation utilizing methyl laurate, glutamate and lysine and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. Additionally, the pKa value, surface activities, aggregation, foaming properties and emulsifying attributes of the DLGL surfactant in aqueous solution with varied pH values were examined. The results indicate that the protonation‐deprotonation behavior of the DLGL surfactant is highly dependent on pH values. The surface tension, critical micelle concentration (cmc), foamability and foam stability exhibited superior performance at pH 6 and 7. Conversely, superior emulsifying ability was observed at pH 9 and 10. Moreover, the spherical vesicles were formed by the DLGL surfactant at pH 6, 7 or 8 while the micelles were generated at pH 9 or 10.
Biomolecular therapies for chronic discogenic low back pain: A narrative review
Authors: Rudnik‐Jansen Imke , van Kruining Kodele Sanda , Creemers Laura , Joosten Bert 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChronic low back pain caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, also termed chronic discogenic low back pain (CD‐LBP), is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases. Degenerative processes in the IVD, such as inflammation and extra‐cellular matrix breakdown, result in neurotrophin release. Local elevated neurotrophin levels will stimulate sprouting and innervation of sensory neurons. Furthermore, sprouted sensory nerves that are directly connected to adjacent dorsal root ganglia have shown to increase microglia activation, contributing to the maintenance and chronification of pain. Current pain treatments have shown to be insufficient or inadequate for long‐term usage. Furthermore, most therapeutic approaches aimed to target the underlying pathogenesis of disc degeneration focus on repair and regeneration and neglect chronic pain. How biomolecular therapies influence the degenerative IVD environment, pain signaling cascades, and innervation and excitability of the sensory neurons often remains unclear. This review addresses the relatively underexplored area of chronic pain treatment for CD‐LBP and summarizes effects of therapies aimed for CD‐LBP with special emphasis on chronic pain. Approaches based on blocking pro‐inflammatory mediators or neurotrophin activity have been shown to hamper neuronal ingrowth into the disc. Furthermore, the tissue regenerative and neuro inhibitory properties of extracellular matrix components or transplanted mesenchymal stem cells are potentially interesting biomolecular approaches to not only block IVD degeneration but also impede pain sensitization. At present, most biomolecular therapies are based on acute IVD degeneration models and thus do not reflect the real clinical chronic pain situation in CD‐LBP patients. Future studies should aim at investigating the effects of therapeutic interventions applied in chronic degenerated discs containing established sensory nerve ingrowth. The in‐depth understanding of the ramifications from biomolecular therapies on pain (chronification) pathways and pain relief in CD‐LBP could help narrow the gap between the pre‐clinical bench and clinical bedside for novel CD‐LBP therapeutics and optimize pain treatment.
Room temperature synthesis of a chiral covalent organic framework core‐shell composite for high‐performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation
Authors: Zhang Yue , Lu Yan‐Rui , Liu Cheng , Ma An‐Xu , Luo Zong‐Hong , Zhou Hong‐Mei , Zhang Jun‐Hui , Wang Bang‐Jin , Xie Sheng‐Ming , Yuan Li‐Ming 
Published: August 2024

In this article, chiral covalent organic framework core‐shell composite CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 was facilely synthesized by induction at room temperature. The CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 core‐shell composite was used as a chiral stationary phase for the separation of the racemates by high‐performance liquid chromatography, which exhibits good separation performance for chiral compounds including ketones, alcohols, esters, epoxides, carboxylic acids, amides, and amines. The effects of analyte injection mass on the enantioseparation were studied. The reproducibility and stability of the CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 chiral column were explored. The intra‐day (n = 5), inter‐day (n = 5), and inter‐column (n = 3) relative standard deviations for the migration times and resolution of benzoin were 0.32%–0.54%, 0.45%–0.61%, and 1.21%–1.53%, respectively. In addition, the chiral separation ability of the CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 chiral column (column A) was compared with that of the MDI‐β‐CD‐Modified COF@SiO2 (column B) as well as a commercial chiral column (Chiralpak AD‐H). The chiral recognition ability of column A is complementary to that of column B and AD‐H column. The resolution mechanism of CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 stationary phase towards chiral analyte was explored. Hence, the synthesis of CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 core‐shell composite by induction at room temperature as chiral stationary phases for chromatographic separation has important research potential and application prospects.
Subacromial balloon spacer improves isokinetic performance in patients with massive irreparable rotator cuff tear
Authors: Luengo‐Alonso Gonzalo , Rueda Almudena Fernández‐Brazo , Martínez‐Catalán Natalia , Delgado Cristina , Valencia María , Calvo Emilio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to analyse clinical, functional and shoulder kinematics results using subacromial balloon spacer in nonreparable massive rotator cuff tears. Subacromial balloon spacer was hypothesised to improve shoulder kinematics and increases clinical and functional outcomes scores in nonreparable massive rotator cuff tears.MethodsThis is a prospective study in massive rotator cuff tears. From October 2021 to October 2022, a total of 127 shoulders suffering massive rotator cuff tears were initially evaluated. All patients were evaluated preoperatively, at 6 and 12 months. Patients' patient‐reported outcome measures (PROM) subjective values using visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Spanish Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) version were analysed. We also evaluated objective outcomes: constant score, range of movement and kinematic shoulder analysis (isokinetic test to evaluate internal and external rotation forces). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software; continuous variables were presented as means and standard deviations (SDs).ResultsSeventeen nonrepairable massive rotator cuff tears were finally included. Three patients required reverse shoulder arthroplasty before 6 months postoperative. After 1‐year follow‐up, objective and subjective (PROM) outcome scores and isokinetic measurements improved in 13 patients. Preoperative VAS improved from 6.5 ± 2.1 to 2 ± 1.9 points on average at 1‐year follow‐up and WORC index from 1603 ± 217.3 to 699 ± 361.6. Constant score from 42.1 ± 13.1 on average and at 1‐year follow‐up increased to 60.8 ± 14.7. Range of movement also improved in elevation 122.2 ± 39.3 to 166.9 ± 25.8, abduction 120.3 ± 38.6 to 134.6 ± 21.1, external rotation 30.3 ± 19.7 to 86.1 ± 13.8 and internal rotation L4–T12 on average at 1‐year follow‐up. Isokinetic evaluation showed functional improvement 1 year after implantation. Both internal and external rotation improved compared with their healthy shoulder. External rotation improved from 30.3° ± 19.7° preoperatively to 86.1° ± 13.8° (43.7% in the isokinetic study) and internal rotation from L4 preoperatively to L1 (49.8% in isokinetic study) on average.ConclusionAmong the different alternatives for irreparable rotator cuff injuries surgical treatment, subacromial balloon spacer is an effective alternative in selected patients, both in terms of clinical‐functional improvement and short‐term isokinetic results.Level of EvidenceLevel II