bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thiamethoxam as a seed treatment alters the physiological response of maize (Zea mays) seedlings to neighbouring weeds
Authors: Afifi Maha , Lee Elizabeth , Lukens Lewis , Swanton Clarence 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThiamethoxam is a broad‐spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide that, when applied to seed, has been observed to enhance seedling vigour under environmental stress conditions. Stress created by the presence of neighbouring weeds is known to trigger the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in maize seedling tissue. No previous work has explored the effect of thiamethoxam as a seed treatment on the physiological response of maize seedlings emerging in the presence of neighbouring weeds.RESULTSThiamethoxam was found to enhance seedling vigour and to overcome the expression of typical shade avoidance characteristics in the presence of neighbouring weeds. These results were attributed to maintenance of the total phenolics content, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and anthocyanin and lignin contents. These findings were also associated with the activation of scavenging genes, which reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and the subsequent damage caused by lipid peroxidation in maize seedlings originating from treated seeds even when exposed to neighbouring weeds.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest the possibility of exploring new chemistries and modes of action as novel seed treatments to upregulate free radical scavenging genes and to maintain the antioxidant system within plants. Such an approach may provide an opportunity to enhance crop competitiveness with weeds. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Inter‐Rater Reliability of the PIPES Tool: Validation of a Surgical Capacity Index for Use in Resource‐Limited Settings
Authors: Markin Abraham , Barbero Roxana , Leow Jeffrey J. , Groen Reinou S. , Perlman Greg , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Apelgren Keith N. , Kushner Adam L. , Nwomeh Benedict C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIntroductionIn response to the need for simple, rapid means of quantifying surgical capacity in low resource settings, Surgeons OverSeas (SOS) developed the personnel, infrastructure, procedures, equipment and supplies (PIPES) tool. The present investigation assessed the inter‐rater reliability of the PIPES tool.MethodsAs part of a government assessment of surgical services in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, the PIPES tool was translated into Spanish and applied in interviews with physicians at 31 public hospitals. An additional interview was conducted with nurses at a convenience sample of 25 of these hospitals. Physician and nurse responses were then compared to generate an estimate of reliability. For dichotomous survey items, inter‐rater reliability between physicians and nurses was assessed using the Cohen’s kappa statistic and percent agreement. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess agreement for continuous items.
ResultsCohen’s kappa was 0.46 for infrastructure, 0.43 for procedures, 0.26 for equipment, and 0 for supplies sections. The median correlation coefficient was 0.91 for continuous items. Correlation was 0.79 for the PIPES index, and ranged from 0.32 to 0.98 for continuous response items.ConclusionsReliability of the PIPES tool was moderate for the infrastructure and procedures sections, fair for the equipment section, and poor for supplies section when comparing surgeons’ responses to nurses’ responses—an extremely rigorous test of reliability. These results indicate that the PIPES tool is an effective measure of surgical capacity but that the equipment and supplies sections may need to be revised.
Preoperative Hepatitis B Virus DNA Level is a Risk Factor for Postoperative Liver Failure in Patients Who Underwent Partial Hepatectomy for Hepatitis B‐Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Gang , Lau Wan Yee , Shen Feng , Pan Ze‐ya , Fu Si‐yuan , Yang Yun , Zhou Wei‐ping , Wu Meng‐chao 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to explore the short‐term effects of preoperative serum hepatitis B virus DNA level (HBV DNA) on postoperative hepatic function in patients who underwent partial hepatectomy for hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThe clinical data of 1,602 patients with hepatitis B‐related HCC who underwent partial hepatectomy in our department were retrospectively studied. The patients were divided into three groups according to their preoperative HBV DNA levels: group A <200 IU/mL, group B 200–20,000 IU/mL, and group C >20,000 IU/mL. The rates of postoperative complications, especially the rate of postoperative liver failure, were compared.ResultsThere were significant differences among the three groups in the rates of postoperative liver failure. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, a high preoperative HBV DNA level was an independent risk factor for postoperative liver failure.ConclusionsPreoperative HBV DNA level was a significant risk factor for postoperative hepatic dysfunction.
A shallow-water sloshing model for wave breaking in rectangular tanks
Authors: Antuono Matteo , Bardazzi Andrea , Lugni Claudio , Brocchini Maurizio 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe propose a simple, robust and efficient sloshing model that accounts for breaking phenomena evolving in rectangular tanks and in shallow-water conditions. The model has been obtained by applying Fourier analysis to Boussinesq-type equations and using an approximate analytic solution for the vorticity generated by wave breaking. The toe of the breaker and the intensity of the vorticity injected at the free surface are computed on the basis of literature results for coastal-type breakers. A first experimental campaign has been used to calibrate the turbulent viscosity of the sloshing model, while a second campaign has been run as final validation. The overall good agreement between the numerical outputs and the experimental data confirms the reliability and robustness of the proposed model.
FORA NON CONVENIENSFOR ENFORCEMENT OF ARBITRAL AWARDS AGAINST STATES
Authors: Juratowitch Ben 
Published: April 2014

AbstractInFigueiredo Ferraz v Peruthe US Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, deployed the doctrine offorum non conveniensto decline to enforce an arbitral award against Peru. The award had been rendered in Peru and the successful party in the arbitration sought to enforce it against Peru's assets in New York. This article argues that, contrary to the Second Circuit's approach, when the merits of a dispute are decided in an arbitration seated in one jurisdiction and the arbitral award is then presented to a court in another jurisdiction for enforcement against the award debtor and its assets within the jurisdiction of that court, neitherforum non conveniensnor any rule performing the same function should arise.
Konstrukt- und Kriteriumsvalidität einer deutschen Version des Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) zur Identifikation von Kindern mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörungen (ADHS)
Authors: Schöfl Martin , Beitel Christoph , Kloo Daniela , Kaufmann Liane 
Published: April 2014

Exekutive Dysfunktionen werden als wesentliche und einflussreiche Defizite bei Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätsstörungen (ADHS) beurteilt. Bisher gibt es jedoch kein psychometrisch robustes deutschsprachiges Fremdbeurteilungsinstrument zur Erfassung exekutiver (Dys‐) Funktionen im Kindesalter. Das Hauptziel dieser Studie war daher die Validierung der psychometrischen Struktur einer deutschsprachigen Version des Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) an einer Stichprobe von 149 Kindern im Alter von 6 bis 10 Jahren mit und ohne ADHS. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten die Zweifaktoren-Struktur der englischsprachigen Originalarbeit mit den Indexwerten Verhaltensregulation und Metakognition. Sensitivität (76 %) und Spezifität (84 %) der deutschen Version des BRIEF bei der Vorhersage der Gruppenzugehörigkeit von Kindern mit und ohne ADHS waren vergleichbar mit der Originalarbeit und zeigten den klinischen Nutzen des Verfahrens auf.
Die Erfassung expansiven Verhaltens mit der deutschen Version des Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI)
Authors: Heinrichs Nina , Bussing Regina , Henrich Emanuel , Schwarzer Gudrun , Briegel Wolfgang 
Published: April 2014

In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die deutsche Version des Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) zur Erfassung von Verhaltensproblemen im Kindesalter psychometrisch untersucht. Dafür füllten Eltern von 5 218 Kindern im Alter von 2 bis 9 Jahren das ECBI sowie den Fragebogen zu Stärken und Schwächen (SDQ) aus. Darüber hinaus lieferten sie soziodemographische Daten. Die Stichprobe wurde in drei deutschen Städten über Kindertagesstätten und Grundschulen rekrutiert. Die Rücklaufquote lag bei 49 % der Zielpopulation. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen das ECBI als homogenes Maß für Verhaltensprobleme im Kindesalter mit sehr guter Differenzierungsfähigkeit zwischen unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen von Verhaltensproblemen. Es ergaben sich signifikante Unterschiede in den Intensitäts- und Problemwerten mit niedrigeren Werten in der vorliegenden deutschen im Vergleich zur amerikanischen Stichprobe. Da der erzielte Intensitätswert des Elternfragebogens ein wesentliches Kriterium für die Entscheidung über die Initiierung und Beendigung von Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) darstellt, ist es von großer Bedeutung deutsche Normen zu verwenden.
Exploring the generic structure of French editorials from the perspective of systemic functional linguistics
Authors: Caffarel-Cayron Alice , Rechniewski Elizabeth 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article argues that the editorial should be a crucial object of research, both for the role it plays in constructing the ideological positioning of the newspaper syntagmatically (within a single issue) and paradigmatically (its coherence over time) but also as a prevalent example – one of the few examples in daily life – of text whose principal function is opinion formation and persuasion by argument. Drawing on linguistic analysis and specifically on the resources offered by Systemic Functional Linguistics, it contributes to the task of identifying key components of the generic structure of French editorials through the analysis of thematic progression, logical resources and evaluative meanings in the editorials of two French newspapers (Libération, Le Figaro) written at the time of the kidnapping of French journalists in Iraq.
Competition between four “world” languages in Algeria
Authors: Benrabah Mohamed 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAs a post-colonial society with an almost unique colonial history on the African continent and in the Arabophone zone, Algeria can serve as a focus on this millennium’s rivalry between a few “world” languages – namely Arabic, Chinese, English, and French. This article highlights the importance of the influence of colonialism in shaping post-colonial language policy in a multilingual society. It also looks at the role of elites and the effects of their top-down language implementation on planned and unplanned developments as related to the position and status of “world” languages within a polity. And it reasserts the dominant position of English as a global language despite the maintenance of the former colonial language, French. From a theoretical and applied perspective, this article raises questions about what constitutes a “world” language, and it shows the importance of some indicators in measuring the international standing of languages in the globalized world.
Comparative Analysis of Outcome Measures Used in Examining Neurodevelopmental Effects of Early Childhood Anesthesia Exposure
Authors: Ing Caleb H. , DiMaggio Charles J. , Malacova Eva , Whitehouse Andrew J. , Hegarty Mary K. , Feng Tianshu , Brady Joanne E. , von Ungern-Sternberg Britta S. , Davidson Andrew J. , Wall Melanie M. , Wood Alastair J. J. , Li Guohua , Sun Lena S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Introduction:
Immature animals exposed to anesthesia display apoptotic neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral deficits. The safety of anesthetic agents in children has been evaluated using a variety of neurodevelopmental outcome measures with varied results.

Methods:
The authors used data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study to examine the association between exposure to anesthesia in children younger than 3 yr of age and three types of outcomes at age of 10 yr: neuropsychological testing, International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification–coded clinical disorders, and academic achievement. The authors’ primary analysis was restricted to children with data for all outcomes and covariates from the total cohort of 2,868 children born from 1989 to 1992. The authors used a modified multivariable Poisson regression model to determine the adjusted association of anesthesia exposure with outcomes.

Results:
Of 781 children studied, 112 had anesthesia exposure. The incidence of deficit ranged from 5.1 to 7.8% in neuropsychological tests, 14.6 to 29.5% in International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification–coded outcomes, and 4.2 to 11.8% in academic achievement tests. Compared with unexposed peers, exposed children had an increased risk of deficit in neuropsychological language assessments (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Total Score: adjusted risk ratio, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.41 to 4.33, Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Receptive Language Score: adjusted risk ratio, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.19 to 4.18, and Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Expressive Language Score: adjusted risk ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.08 to 3.68) and International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification–coded language and cognitive disorders (adjusted risk ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.10), but not academic achievement scores.

Conclusions:
When assessing cognition in children with early exposure to anesthesia, the results may depend on the outcome measure used. Neuropsychological and International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification–coded clinical outcomes showed an increased risk of deficit in exposed children compared with that in unexposed children, whereas academic achievement scores did not. This may explain some of the variation in the literature and underscores the importance of the outcome measures when interpreting studies of cognitive function.
A comparison of Korean and US continuous improvement projects
Authors: Woong Jin Hyun , L. Doolen Toni 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Quality Circles and Kaizen Events have resulted in productivity and quality improvements for organizations. There is limited empirical research comparing these two approaches. This research study was designed to understand the similarities and differences in the structure and outcomes of these two popular continuous improvement approaches in Korea and the USA. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A logic model was used to structure a comparative analysis of Quality Circles and Kaizen Events undertaken in six different organizations in Korea and the USA. A logic model framework consisting of four areas (resources, activities, outputs and outcomes) was used to assess the key components of these six improvement projects. Data for three different comparative case study project pairs were collected. Projects were matched on both manufacturer-level and project-level characteristics. Matched projects were similar in size and type of product produced.

Findings
– Similarities between Quality Circles and Kaizen Events were identified in every component of the logic model. Both mechanisms were effective in driving improvements in performance and in motivating employees, even though significant differences in the project size, type, and industrial sector existed across the six different projects.

Originality/value
– There was no evidence to support the conclusion that one continuous improvement approach is more or less effective than the other. Both approaches produced improvements in both technical and social system outcomes. Overall, it appears based on this study, that both Quality Circles and Kaizen Events can be successfully deployed in an organization's continuous improvement journey.
Roles of interactivity and usage experience in e-learning acceptance: a longitudinal study
Authors: Cheng Yung-Ming 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– This study's purposes were to longitudinally examine how interactivity factors as the antecedents to learner beliefs affected learners' intention to use the e-learning system and explore whether the effects on learners' usage intention of the e-learning system would change over time with increasing learners' usage experience of the system.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study gathered sample data from students at a comprehensive university in Taiwan. The sample data were collected in a two-stage survey and were analyzed by using the longitudinal methodology. A total of 252 students agreed to participate in this study, and 225 students effectively participated in both data collections, with a usable response rate of 89.29 percent. Data were analyzed by using structural equation modelling and multiple group analysis.

Findings
– Interactivity factors (controllability, responsiveness, two-way communication, and personalization) indirectly affected students' intention to use the e-learning system via the extrinsic motivators (perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU)) and intrinsic motivator (perceived enjoyment (PE)). Besides, students' experience in using the e-learning system moderated the effects of PU, PEOU, and PE on intention to use the system.

Originality/value
– Based on the extended technology acceptance model, the empirical evidence on capturing both extrinsic and intrinsic motivators for completely explaining interactivity antecedents of learners' e-learning acceptance is well documented in this study. Besides, it should be noted that this study contributes significantly to the body of research on evaluating whether the effects of learners' beliefs on their usage intention of the e-learning system may change over time with increasing experience in using the system.
Being “in” assessment: the ontological layer(ing) of assessment practice
Authors: Giles David , Earl Kerry 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– Current discourses on educational assessment focus on the priority of learning. While this intent is invariably played out in classroom practice, a consideration of the ontological nature of assessment practice opens understandings which show the experiential nature of “being in assessment”. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Using interpretive and hermeneutic analyses within a phenomenological inquiry, experiential accounts of the nature of assessment are worked for their emergent and ontological themes.Findings– These stories show the ontological nature of assessment as a matter of being in assessment in an embodied and holistic way.Originality/value– Importantly, the nature of a teacher's way-of-being matters to assessment practices. Implications exist for teacher educators and teacher education programmes in relation to the priority of experiential stories for understanding assessment practice, the need for re-balancing a concern for professional knowledge and practice with a students’ way of being in assessment, and the pedagogical implications of evoking sensitivities in assessment.
The impact of university students’ commitment on in- and extra-role performance
Authors: Felfe Jörg , Schyns Birgit , Tymon Alex 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– Research has shown that employee commitment is an important factor in performance. Research into student commitment in the university context is less common and only few studies explore the different components and foci of commitment. The purpose of this paper is to examine the meaning of students’ commitment in the university context.Design/methodology/approach– Based on a survey of 530 students, the results confirmed that, similar to the work context, different components and foci of commitment exist.Findings– Commitment to the university is primarily positively related to extra-role performance. Commitment to the study subject is positively related to both in-role and extra-role performance. Affective commitment to the university shows the strongest relationship with extra-role performance. However, there is a potential conflict between the two types of performance. The relationship between affective commitment to the university and extra-role performance decreases for students with a high intention to study efficiently as an indicator of in-role performance.Practical implications– The paper concludes that universities should strive to improve their students’ commitment, especially affective commitment to encourage a balance of both in-role and extra-role performance.Originality/value– This study looks into different foci and components of commitment and the potential for conflict for students between in-role and extra-role performance. The study has shown that commitment to the university and to the study subject likely enhances students’ in-role and extra-role performance; both of which are important to numerous stakeholders in the education context. As in other contexts, affective commitment has been shown to be the most powerful predictor of performance. This knowledge can help universities target their resources when trying to foster student commitment. However, because students might feel that extra-role performance is in conflict with in-role performance, universities might want to emphasize the benefits of both types of performance.
The impact of multiple textbook format availability in business education
Authors: Chulkov Dmitriy , VanAlstine Jason 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Technology is changing the use of textbooks in higher education. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of offering multiple textbook formats in the same economics course using textbooks that provided multiple options including new and used printed books, as well as electronic books.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study is based on a survey conducted in nine sections of introductory economics classes at a public US university. The study took place within the confines of undergraduate courses that offered textbooks with multiple available formats. A survey collected information about the format each student selected, the factors that students considered when choosing the format, and their overall attitudes about their selection at the end of the semester. Demographic information was also recorded.

Findings
– The paper finds that students selected a variety of textbook options and identified the factors of cost, ease of use, and learning style as most important to their textbook format decision. Students overwhelmingly support the value of offering choice in textbook formats. In examining student selections further, the paper finds that among students that select an electronic textbook, cost is the dominant factor, while students selecting a new printed textbook mention their learning style and ease of use more often. Students that selected a used printed textbook identified cost, ease of use, and the ability to keep the textbook as factors important to them.

Originality/value
– This study provides evidence on the impact of having multiple textbook format options within the same course. Overall, the results suggest that the student population has diverse preferences and any uniform policy on textbook format selection may not satisfy the needs of all student groups. Furthermore, students themselves recognize the diversity in learning styles and see value in having options in textbook format selection.