bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of Serious Infections in Adults With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A National Population‐Based Study, 1996–2011
Authors: Tektonidou Maria G. , Wang Zhong , Dasgupta Abhijit , Ward Michael M. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo compare rates of hospitalization for serious infections, trends in rates from 1996 to 2011, and in‐hospital mortality between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and those without SLE in a national sample.MethodsWe analyzed hospitalizations for pneumonia, bacteremia/sepsis, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and opportunistic infections among adults in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. We compared rates of hospitalization yearly among patients with SLE and the general population. We also computed odds ratios (ORs) for in‐hospital mortality.ResultsIn 1996, the estimated number of hospitalizations for pneumonia in patients with SLE was 4,382, followed by sepsis (2,305), skin infections (1,422), urinary tract infections (643), and opportunistic infections (370). Rates were much higher in patients with SLE than in those without SLE, with age‐adjusted relative risks ranging from 5.7 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 5.5–6.0) for pneumonia to 9.8 (95% CI 9.1–10.7) for urinary tract infection in 1996. Risks increased over time, so that by 2011, all relative risks exceeded 12.0. Overall risk of in‐hospital mortality was higher in SLE only for opportunistic infections (adjusted OR 1.52 [95% CI 1.12–2.07]). However, in pneumonia and sepsis, mortality risks were higher in SLE among those who required mechanical ventilation.ConclusionHospitalization rates for serious infections in SLE increased substantially between 1996 and 2011, reaching over 12 times higher than in patients without SLE in 2011. Reasons for this acceleration are unclear. In‐hospital mortality was higher among patients with SLE and opportunistic infections and those with pneumonia or sepsis who required mechanical ventilation.
Psychosocial factors at work and occupational injuries: A prospective study of the general working population in Norway
Authors: Johannessen Håkon A. , Gravseth Hans Magne , Sterud Tom 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundWe examined the effects of psychosocial stressors at work on subsequent injuries, taking into account organizational and mechanical working conditions.MethodsRandomly drawn from the general population, the cohort comprised respondents with an active employee relationship in 2006 and 2009 (n = 6,745). Outcome measure: “Have you, over the past 12 months, afflicted injuries that were caused by an accident at work, and resulting in time off work after the day of the accident?”.ResultsHigh job strain (Odds ratio [OR] 2.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–4.57), high role conflict (OR 3.01; 95% CI 1.70–5.31), and high emotional demands (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.15–3.35) predicted injury at follow up (P < 0.01). The population risk attributable to each of these factors ranged from 11% to 14%.ConclusionsExcess risk of occupational injuries was attributable to job strain, role conflict, and emotional demands. These factors are potentially amenable to preventive measures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:561–567, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How to engage small retail businesses in workplace violence prevention: Perspectives from small businesses and influential organizations
Authors: Bruening Rebecca A. , Strazza Karen , Nocera Maryalice , Peek‐Asa Corinne , Casteel Carri 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundSmall retail businesses experience high robbery and violent crime rates leading to injury and death. Workplace violence prevention programs (WVPP) based on Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design reduce this risk, but low small business participation limits their effectiveness. Recent dissemination models of occupational safety and health information recommend collaborating with an intermediary organization to engage small businesses.MethodsQualitative interviews with 70 small business operators and 32 representatives of organizations with small business influence were conducted to identify factors and recommendations for improving dissemination of a WVPP.ResultsBoth study groups recommended promoting WVPPs through personal contacts but differed on other promotion methods and the type of influential groups to target. Small business operators indicated few connections to formal business networks.ConclusionsDissemination of WVPPs to small businesses may require models inclusive of influential individuals (e.g., respected business owners) as intermediaries to reach small businesses with few formal connections. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:668–678, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Odontogenic sinusitis: a case series studying diagnosis and management
Authors: Wang Kevin L. , Nichols Brent G. , Poetker David M. , Loehrl Todd A. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundOdontogenic sinusitis is a well‐recognized, but understudied form of sinusitis. Odontogenic sinusitis requires unique diagnostic criteria and a treatment regimen that differs from non‐odontogenic sinusitis. The purpose of this article is to present a case series of patients with odontogenic sinusitis in order to clarify key disease characteristics and management techniques.MethodsRetrospective case series of 55 patients with odontogenic sinusitis. Each patient underwent chart and imaging review to analyze demographic factors, diagnostic criteria, clinical course, and management.ResultsFifty‐five patients were identified retrospectively. Forty‐four were diagnosed at initial visit. Twenty‐eight (64%) of these patients were diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) scan showing dental pathology, 11 (25%) by known temporal relationship to a dental procedure, and 5 (11%) by presentation with oral‐antral fistula. Only 65% of radiology reports for all patients mentioned dental pathology. Overall, 21 (38%) patients had disease resolution. Of these, 7 (33%) resolved with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) alone, 7 (33%) resolved with concurrent ESS and dental surgery, 2 (10%) resolved with dental surgery alone, 2 (10%) resolved with ESS after failing dental surgery, 2 (10%) resolved with medical management alone, and 1 (5%) resolved with medical management after failing dental surgery. Forty‐six (84%) patients had unilateral odontogenic sinusitis. The Lund‐Mackay score for all patients was (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) 4.0 ± 3.2.ConclusionOdontogenic sinusitis is often misdiagnosed. Radiology reports commonly do not mention dental pathology. Management of odontogenic sinusitis needs to be tailored to each individual patient and involves varying combinations of medical management, dental surgery, and ESS.
Gedankenexperimente im ökonomischen Überschuss. Wissenschaft und Ökonomie bei Ernst Mach
Authors: Wulz Monika 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThought Experiments of Economic Surplus: Science and Economy in Ernst Mach’s Epistemology. Thought experiments are an important element in Ernst Mach’s epistemology: They facilitate amplifying our knowledge by experimenting with thoughts; they thus exceed the empirical experience and suspend the quest for immediate utility. In an economical perspective, Mach suggested that thought experiments depended on the production of an economic surplus based on the division of labor relieving the struggle for survival of the individual. Thus, as frequently emphasized, in Mach’s epistemology, not only the ‘economy of thought’ is an important feature; instead, also the socioeconomic conditions of science play a decisive role. The paper discusses the mental and social economic aspects of experimental thinking in Mach’s epistemology and examines those within the contemporary evolutionary, physiological, and economic contexts.
Emerging influenza viruses and the prospect of a universal influenza virus vaccine
Authors: Krammer Florian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInfluenza viruses cause annual seasonal epidemics and pandemics at irregular intervals. Several cases of human infections with avian and swine influenza viruses have been detected recently, warranting enhanced surveillance and the development of more effective countermeasures to address the pandemic potential of these viruses. The most effective countermeasure against influenza virus infection is the use of prophylactic vaccines. However, vaccines that are currently in use for seasonal influenza viruses have to be re‐formulated and re‐administered in a cumbersome process every year due to the antigenic drift of the virus. Furthermore, current seasonal vaccines are ineffective against novel pandemic strains. This paper reviews zoonotic influenza viruses with pandemic potential and technological advances towards better vaccines that induce broad and long lasting protection from influenza virus infection. Recent efforts have focused on the development of broadly protective/universal influenza virus vaccines that can provide immunity against drifted seasonal influenza virus strains but also against potential pandemic viruses.
Risk stratification by the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response score to guide decision-making in patients with suspected appendicitis
Authors: Scott A J , Mason S E , Arunakirinathan M , Reissis Y , Kinross J M , Smith J J 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
Current management of suspected appendicitis is hampered by the overadmission of patients with non-specific abdominal pain and a significant negative exploration rate. The potential benefits of risk stratification by the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score to guide clinical decision-making were assessed.

Methods
During this 50-week prospective observational study at one institution, the AIR score was calculated for all patients admitted with suspected appendicitis. Appendicitis was diagnosed by histological examination, and patients were classified as having non-appendicitis pain if histological findings were negative or surgery was not performed. The diagnostic performance of the AIR score and the potential for risk stratification to reduce admissions, optimize imaging and prevent unnecessary explorations were quantified.

Results
A total of 464 patients were included, of whom 210 (63·3 per cent) with non-appendicitis pain were correctly classified as low risk. However, 13 low-risk patients had appendicitis. Low-risk patients accounted for 48·1 per cent of admissions (223 of 464), 57 per cent of negative explorations (48 of 84) and 50·7 per cent of imaging requests (149 of 294). An AIR score of 5 or more (intermediate and high risk) had high sensitivity for all severities of appendicitis (90 per cent) and also for advanced appendicitis (98 per cent). An AIR score of 9 or more (high risk) was very specific (97 per cent) for appendicitis, and the majority of patients with appendicitis in the high-risk group (21 of 30, 70 per cent) had perforation or gangrene. Ultrasound imaging could not exclude appendicitis in low-risk patients (negative likelihood ratio (LR) 1·0) but could rule-in the diagnosis in intermediate-risk patients (positive LR 10·2). CT could exclude appendicitis in low-risk patients (negative LR 0·0) and rule-in appendicitis in the intermediate group (positive LR 10·9).

Conclusion
Risk stratification of patients with suspected appendicitis by the AIR score could guide decision-making to reduce admissions, optimize utility of diagnostic imaging and prevent negative explorations.
Tuneable Hydrogenation of Nitriles into Imines or Amines with a Ruthenium Pincer Complex under Mild Conditions
Authors: Choi Jong‐Hoo , Prechtl Martin H. G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe selective hydrogenation of aromatic and aliphatic nitriles into amines and imines is described. Using a ruthenium pincer complex, the selectivity towards amines or imines can be controlled by simple parameter changes. The reactions are conducted under very mild conditions between 50–100 °C at 0.4 MPa H2 pressure without any additives at low catalytic loadings of 0.5–1 mol %, which results in quantitative conversions and high selectivity.
Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide over Au‐Pd Catalyst—The Effect of Co‐Solvent Addition
Authors: Paunovic Violeta , Ordomsky Vitaly V. , Sushkevich Vitaly L. , Schouten Jaap C. , Nijhuis T. Alexander 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDirect synthesis represents a green alternative, an environmentally benign process for the production of hydrogen peroxide. This is a three‐phase reaction, a solid catalyst with gas reactants and a liquid phase, which collects hydrogen peroxide formed from the catalyst surface. The choice of solvent and/or addition of promoters has a significant effect on the reaction rates observed, as well as selectivity towards peroxide. In addition to non‐toxic water, short chain alcohols are very attractive, due to good solubility of reacting gases. Here we report an extensive study on the influence of different groups of solvents on the direct synthesis reaction when either applied alone or as co‐solvent under non‐explosive and conventionally explosive reaction conditions.
Retraction: Effects of the Operating Conditions and Geometry Parameter on the Filtration Performance of the Fibrous Filter
Authors: Qian F. , Zhang J. , Huang Z. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRetraction: The above article from Chemical Engineering and Technology, published online on March 19, 2009 in Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Dr. Barbara Boeck and Wiley‐VCH Verlag. The retraction has been agreed due to overlap between this article and the following article published in Chemical Engineering Science, “A case study of simulating submicron aerosol filtration via lightweight spun‐bonded filter media” by Q. Wang, B. Maze, H. Vahedi Tafreshi, B. Pourdeyhini, Volume 61, 2006, pages 4871 – 4883.
Atrial Septostomy: A Contemporary Review
Authors: Al Maluli Hayan , DeStephan Christine M. , Alvarez René J. , Sandoval Julio 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease, but it boasts significant morbidity and mortality. Although remarkable achievements have been made in the medical treatment of PAH, there is a role for invasive or surgical procedures in patients with progressive disease despite optimal medical therapy or with no access to such therapy. Atrial septostomy creates a right‐to‐left intracardiac shunt to decompress the overloaded right ventricle. Despite significant advances to validate and improve this palliative procedure, as well as recent reports of improved outcomes, it is only slowly being adopted. This article aims to detail the history, indications, contraindications, procedural techniques, and outcomes of atrial septostomy. We will also shed light on some of the newer interventions, inspired by the same physiological concept, that are being evaluated as potential palliative modalities in patients with PAH.
Methylation status of HPV16 E2‐binding sites classifies subtypes of HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancers
Authors: Reuschenbach Miriam , Huebbers Christian U. , Prigge Elena‐Sophie , Bermejo Justo Lorenzo , Kalteis Martin S. , Preuss Simon F. , Seuthe Inga M.C. , Kolligs Jutta , Speel Ernst‐Jan M. , Olthof Nadine , Kremer Bernd , Wagner Steffen , Klussmann Jens P. , Vinokurova Svetlana , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDThe human papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein is a transcriptional repressor of the oncogenes E6/E7 and loss of E2 function is considered a key step in carcinogenesis. Integration of HPV into the host genome may disrupt the E2 gene. Furthermore, methylation of CpG dinucleotides in E2‐binding sites (E2BSs) in the HPV upstream regulatory region may interfere with transcriptional repression of E6 and E7 by E2. The authors hypothesized that the CpG methylation status of E2BS identifies subtypes of HPV type 16 (HPV16)‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OPSCC) in association with E2 gene integrity and viral integration.METHODSMethylation of 10 CpG dinucleotides within the upstream regulatory region, encompassing E2BSs 1, 2, 3, and 4, was quantitatively analyzed by bisulfite pyrosequencing in 57 HPV16‐associated OPSCC cases. E2 status was analyzed by gene amplification and quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Viral integration was determined by integration‐specific polymerase chain reaction methods.RESULTSThree subgroups with differential methylation at E2BS3 and E2BS 4 were identified: 1) complete methylation (>80%) associated with the presence of integrated HPV genomes with an intact E2 gene; 2) intermediate methylation levels (20%‐80%) with predominantly episomal HPV genomes with intact E2; and 3) no methylation (<20%) with a disrupted E2 gene. Patients with high methylation levels tended to have a worse 5‐year overall survival compared with patients with intermediate methylation (hazard ratio, 3.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.13‐9.24 [P = .06]).CONCLUSIONSMethylation of E2BS3 and E2BS4 in OPSCC is associated with E2 integrity and viral physical status. It might explain deregulated viral oncogene expression in the presence of E2. The prognostic significance of E2BS methylation for patients with HPV‐associated OPSCC needs to be analyzed further. Cancer 2015;121:1966–1976. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Serotonin and insulin‐like peptides modulate leucokinin‐producing neurons that affect feeding and water homeostasis in Drosophila
Authors: Liu Yiting , Luo Jiangnan , Carlsson Mikael A. , Nässel Dick R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMetabolic homeostasis and water balance is maintained by tight hormonal and neuronal regulation. In Drosophila, insulin‐like peptides (DILPs) are key regulators of metabolism, and the neuropeptide leucokinin (LK) is a diuretic hormone that also modulates feeding. However, it is not known whether LK and DILPs act together to regulate feeding and water homeostasis. Because LK neurons express the insulin receptor (dInR), we tested functional links between DILP and LK signaling in feeding and water balance. Thus, we performed constitutive and conditional manipulations of activity in LK neurons and insulin‐producing cells (IPCs) in adult flies and monitored food intake, responses to desiccation, and peptide expression levels. We also measured in vivo changes in LK and DILP levels in neurons in response to desiccation and drinking. Our data show that activated LK cells stimulate diuresis in vivo, and that LK and IPC signaling affect food intake in opposite directions. Overexpression of the dInR in LK neurons decreases the LK peptide levels, but only caused a subtle decrease in feeding, and had no effect on water balance. Next we demonstrated that LK neurons express the serotonin receptor 5‐HT1B. Knockdown of this receptor in LK neurons diminished LK expression, increased desiccation resistance, and diminished food intake. Live calcium imaging indicates that serotonin inhibits spontaneous activity in abdominal LK neurons. Our results suggest that serotonin via 5‐HT1B diminishes activity in the LK neurons and thereby modulates functions regulated by LK peptide, but the action of the dInR in these neurons remains less clear. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1840–1863, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance of feed‐forward linearizers of power amplifiers in OFDM systems under complex gain errors
Authors: Gharaibeh Khaled M. , Al‐Zayed Ayman S. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryAdaptive feed‐forward (FF) linearization schemes of power amplifiers provide high distortion cancelation and adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) reduction. However, FF schemes are very sensitive to imbalances in the circuit parameters used to achieve signal cancelation. In this paper, an FF linearization circuit is analyzed using the orthogonalization of the nonlinear model and considering the effects of complex gain errors in the signal and distortion cancelation loops on the overall performance of the FF linearizer. The analysis enables the effective signal‐to‐distortion ratio (SDR) and ACPR to be estimated from FF circuit model. It is shown that complex gain errors in the distortion cancelation loop have a more significant effect on in‐band distortion than out‐of‐band distortion, which means that the design of FF linearizers based on ACPR improvement is not optimal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accountability in Networked Governance: Learning from a case of landscape‐scale forest conservation
Authors: Jedd Theresa , Bixler R. Patrick 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDespite incredible strides in transboundary collaborative conservation, many challenges remain. A networked governance approach recognizes a diverse pool of participants, linkages across multiple levels of organization and the diffusion of authority horizontally across spatial scales. Much is understood about the basic form and function of networked governance, namely the ways in which it overcomes weaknesses of traditional hierarchical structures, but less is known about the democratic quality of newer forms of governance. There are implications for traditional forms of accountability for the practice of network governance. They are not lost but their dimensions are changed, hinging less on punishment and more on reward. To examine this dynamic, we use a mixed‐methods approach and grounded theory to explore the social relationships that make up a conservation network in the United States and Canada. Interview analysis from the Roundtable on the Crown of the Continent suggests that accountability comes through authentic engagement, is based on a ‘logic of appropriateness’ rooted in normative persuasion and still draws from traditional hierarchy. Social network analysis shows positions of brokerage and bridging help to maintain network connections between actors. Leveraging these characteristics of the network and the relationships formed through the process of landscape forest governance, we suggest there may be an overall net gain in accountability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe: a report from the EURObservational Research Programme Pilot survey on Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lip Gregory Y.H. , Laroche Cécile , Popescu Mircea I. , Rasmussen Lars H. , Vitali‐Serdoz Laura , Dan Gheorghe‐Andrei , Kalarus Zbigniew , Crijns Harry J.G.M. , Oliveira Mario M. , Tavazzi Luigi , Maggioni Aldo P. , Boriani Giuseppe 
Published: March 2015

AimsThe purpose of this study was too describe the associated baseline features of AF patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced and preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF and HFpEF). Secondly, we assessed symptomatic status and their clinical correlates. Finally, we examined independent predictors for ‘heart failure’ at the 1‐year follow‐up period.Methods and resultsA survey of European cardiologists from nine countries, participating in the EURObservational Research Programme Pilot survey on Atrial Fibrillation (EORP‐AF Pilot), was carried out. Of the whole cohort of 2972 patients, 1411 (47.5%) had a diagnosis of HF. Of the AF patients with HF, oral anticoagulants were prescribed to 82.1% and antiarrhythmic drugs in 36.7%. Independent predictors of HFpEF were high body mass index, high heart rate, high systolic blood pressure, low diastolic blood pressure, high CHA2DS2‐VASc score, and absence of chronic kidney disease, sleep apnoea, or ischaemic cardiomyopathy. On multivariate stepwise regression analysis, independent predictors of the development of HF were mode of AF presentation, diuretic use, prior HF, COPD, and valvular disease. At 1 year, HF was associated with a greater risk of all‐cause mortality (log‐rank test, P < 0.001). When HFrEF was compared with HFpEF at 1 year, crude rates were significant for the composite endpoint of ‘stroke/thrombo‐embolism/transient ischaemic attack and death’ (15.9% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.043).ConclusionWe provide insights into the clinical characteristics and outcomes in AF patients with HF, who were managed by European cardiologists. Despite a high prevalence of oral anticoagulant use, 1‐year mortality and morbidity remained high in AF patients with HF, whether HFrEF or HFpEF. Such patients require a holistic approach to cardiovascular risk management.