bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Lipid Profile in Hypothyroid Patients in Nepal
Authors: Aryal Sudip , Joshi A 
Published: February 2015

INTRODUCTION: Hypothyroidism is non-curable common endocrine disorder in which the thyroid gland is unable to produce enough thyroid hormone. Present with a number of symptoms, Having a low level of thyroid hormone affects our whole body. Untreated hypothyroidism can be the cause of raised cholesterol levels. Many study have shown association between hypothyroidism and lipid profile. In this study, we evaluate the mean lipid profile status in subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroid patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hospital based retrospective study done from the record card maintained in Alka Hospital, Jawalakhel. Total number of participants were 215. Out of which 73 had overt hypothyroidism, 92 had subclinical hypothyroidism and 50 were taken as control. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The level of LDL, TG and TC was significantly higher in case of overt hypothyroidism as compared to control group, but no significant difference was found in subclinical hypothyroidism and control group. TG level was significantly lower in subclinical hypothyroidism cases. CONCLUSION: Elevated HDL, LDL & TC is seen in overt hypothyroid patients. It is important to screen for lipid profile in hypothyroid patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i4.12065Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.02 No.04 Issue 08Page: 33-36
Biomedical Waste Management in Nepal: a Review
Authors: Chaudhary Nagendra , Mahato S. K. , Chaudhary S. , Bhatiya B D 
Published: February 2015

Available with full text. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i4.12070Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol. 02, No. 04, Issue 08Page : 45-52
Perceptions and Performance of Undergraduate Medical Students in Objective Structured Practical Examinations (OSPE) in Biochemistry at Rak Medical and Health Sciences University (Rakmhsu), UAE
Authors: Goud BKM , Begam S. , Zaki B. , Haridas S. 
Published: February 2015

INTRODUCTION: Health educators and accrediting bodies have defined objectives and competencies that medical students need to acquire to become a safe doctor. The present study was done to determine the student perception and satisfaction regarding OSPE as an assessment method of laboratory practical sessions in Biochemistry. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During OSPE sessions hundred MBBS first year students were divided into 3 different batches. These students were asked to rotate around 10 different working stations. Each station designed to complete a task comfortably within 5 minutes. One or two rest stations of 5 minutes are given at end or in between to complete the unfinished writing work. All the students perform the same task in the same time frame. Institutional research and effectiveness office (IRO) gets the student feedbacks on OSPE will inevitably result in the refinement of the OSPE as a tool for learning and evaluation. RESULTS: The study showed that 96.5% students agreed that OSPE questions were linked to the curriculum and 93% of students felt objectives were clear. Eight eight percent students perceived that OSPE covered a wide range of learning outcomes. Ninety five percent felt relevant psychomotor skills were assessed using agreed check list. An 86% and 81% of student perceived that it was conducted fairly and is unbiased. In terms of stress we got mixed response as 50.5% percent of students perceived OSPE to be less stressful and other half felt stressful. Seventy two percent of students agreed OSPE preparation facilitated team work. Ninety percent strongly agreed that exam scores are better and 83% said it is easier to pass. Fifty four percent of the students felt that the time given was too short; especially for procedure stations. Ninety six percent of students felt OSPE should be an integral part of assessment tool for the Biochemistry practical's. CONCLUSION: The current study showed several advantages of OSPE as an objective, structured, unbiased, fair, valid and reliable assessment method. In view of the tremendous advantages, OSPE should be included in summative evaluation to improve student's clinical competence.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i4.12071 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.02 No.04 Issue 08Page: 54-61
Cyclopia: A Rare Condition with Unusual Presentation - A Case Report
Authors: Salama Ghassan S.A. , Kaabneh Mahmoud A.F. , Al-Raqad Mohamed K. , Al-Abdallah Ibrahim M.H. , Shakkoury Ayoub Ga , Halaseh Ruba A.A. 
Published: February 2015

Introduction Cyclopia (alobar holoprosencephaly) (OMIM% 236100) is a rare and lethal complex human malformation, resulting from incomplete cleavage of prosencephalon into right and left hemispheres occurring between the 18th and the 28th day of gestation. Holoprosencephaly occurs in 1/16,000 live births, and 1/250 during embryogenesis. Approximately 1.05 in 100,000 births are identified as infants with cyclopia, including stillbirths. Cyclopia typically presents with a median single eye or a partially divided eye in a single orbit, absent nose, and a proboscis above the eye. Extracranial malformations described in stillbirths with cyclopia include polydactyl, renal dysplasia, and an omphalocele. The etiology of this rare syndrome, which is incompatible with life, is still largely unknown. Most cases are sporadic. Heterogeneous risk factors have been implicated as possible causes. Case Presentation A live full-term baby with birth weight of 2900 g, product of cesarean section because of severe fetal bradycardia, was born at Prince Hashem Military Hospital – Zarqa city/Jordan. This newborn was the first baby to a non-consanguineous family, and a healthy 18-year-old mother, with no history of drug ingestion or febrile illnesses during pregnancy. Antenatal history revealed severe hydrocephalus diagnosed early by intrauterine ultrasound but the pregnancy was not terminated because of the lack of medical legitimization in the country. On examination, the newborn was found to have a dysmorphic face, with a median single eye, absence of nose, micrognathia, and a proboscis above the eye, all of which made cyclopia the possible initial diagnosis. Multiple unusual abdominal defects were present that include a huge omphalocele containing whole liver and spleen, urinary bladder extrophy, and undefined abnormal external genitalia, which called for urgent confirmation. Brain MRI was done and revealed findings consistent with alobar holoprosencephaly (cyclopia). Conclusion Presentation of cyclopia is not fully exposed and new cyclopian syndromes still can appear. The prenatal diagnosis of cyclopia can be made early by ultrasound, and the awareness of the spectrum of sonographic findings of cyclopia can improve the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis. The legitimization of pregnancy termination for indexed cases in many countries around the world should be revised.
Thoracic Wall Metastasis from an Occult Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma
Authors: Nawarathna Nadeesha Jeewan , Kumarasinghe NR , Chandrasekara D , Rathnayake P , Balasooriya BMRS , Senevirathne RJK 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Occult thyroid carcinoma presenting with clinically apparent metastasis is rare and is a diagnostic challenge. Here, we report a 67-year-old male who presented with a left side chest wall mass resembling a soft tissue sarcoma of 1 year duration. The mass showed rapid enlargement at the latter end of its course, following an initial asymptomatic period. Imaging studies showed a soft tissue mass eroding into several ribs. Wide local excision with primary reconstruction was performed. Histological studies and immune staining revealed metastasis from a follicular thyroid carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy followed, confirming the diagnosis. Postoperatively, radioisotope ablation (I131) was done. A suppression dose of thyroxin was continued with regular thyroglobulin assays. Painful bone metastasis responded well to analgesics, bisphosphonates and external beam radiotherapy. Follicular carcinoma comprises 10 to 15% of thyroid malignancies. Localized thyroid carcinoma has a very good prognosis, 10 years survival rates reducing by 50% with metastatic disease. Commonly, thyroid cancer presents as detectable thyroid nodules, 25% having metastasis. In contrast, metastatic manifestations are reported in less than 5% of occult thyroid cancers.

How to cite this article
Nawarathna NJ, Kumarasinghe NR, Chandrasekara D, Rathnayake P, Balasooriya BMRS, Senevirathne RJK. Thoracic Wall Metastasis from an Occult Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma. World J Endoc Surg 2014;6(3):119-122.
A Comparative Study of Hand Hygiene Practices in Operation Theaters in Tertiary Level Hospitals in Delhi, India
Authors: Gupta Shakti Kumar , Singh IB , Kumar Parmeshwar , Vij Aarti 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Healthcare associated infections (HCAIs) are directly related to the hand hygiene practices. Differences in implementation of practices may exist among hospitals despite standard guidelines.

Objective
To compare the hand hygiene practices in the operation theaters of tertiary care hospitals in Delhi. Design and setting: A 6-months descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted in operation theaters of tertiary level, referral public and private sector hospitals in Delhi.

Design and setting
A 6-months descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted in operation theaters of tertiary level, referral public and private sector hospitals in Delhi.

Materials and methods
Six leading multispecialty hospitals, three each from the private and public sectors were selected through purposive sampling. The sample comprised of cases from one major operation theater (OT) from each hospital conducting general surgery cases (10% of all cases).
A performa with 24 parameters was designed using the Center for Disease Control Guidelines for hand hygiene. Hospitals were analysed in categories and also independently.

Results
One thousand nine hundred and twenty observations were analyzed from six hospitals. The level of compliance was higher among the private sector and the autonomous hospital. Statistically significant differences were observed with groups of hand hygiene parameters namely hand washing, selection of hand hygiene agent, skin care, and educational programs and surgical scrub, but not regarding hand hygiene policy or technique. Comparison of five hand hygiene practices strongly recommended by CDC practices revealed significant differences. Adherence to hand washing practices was 76%, surgical scrub practice was 85% and overall compliance of hand hygiene practice was 80.5%.

Conclusion
The study revealed gaps in implementation of hand hygiene practices despite standard guidelines. In future, post interventional studies may reflect the extent of improvement of these practices through reduction in HCAIs.

How to cite this article
Kumar P, Gupta SK, Kapil A, Vij A, Singh IB. A Comparative Study of Hand Hygiene Practices in Operation Theaters in Tertiary Level Hospitals in Delhi, India. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2014;2(2):87-93.
An Assessment of Diagnostic Equipment Utilization in a Tertiary Healthcare Setup: A Key to Economical Patient Management
Authors: Chaudhary Poonam , Kaul Pankaj 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Equipment utilization management is the evaluation of the medical equipment necessity, appropriateness, and efficiency of the use in the healthcare services or procedures. The investment on an equipment is said to be a good one if it shows a utilization coefficient of 50% or above.
The study was descriptive observational in nature and was conducted in the Histopathology Department, PGIMER, Chandigarh. The data for the entire year of 2012 was collected by studying various records of the department including purchase files, inventory registers, log books and service records of medical equipments.
The results indicated that the Utilization Coefficients of various diagnostic equipments in the department of Histopathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh for the year 2012 were in the order of 58.1, 62.1 and 60.4% for high cost, medium cost and low cost equipments respectively.
On an average, the utilization coefficient of medical equipments under study (Year 2012) of the Histopathology Department, PGIMER, Chandigarh, was found to be 60.2% (above 50%). This figure reflects that the budget spent on average medical diagnostic equipment in this department is very much justifiable. The study also showed that the cost incurred on various cost categories of diagnostic equipments, i.e. the low, medium and high cost equipments was also equally important.

How to cite this article
Chaudhary P, Kaul P. An Assessment of Diagnostic Equipment Utilization in a Tertiary Healthcare Setup: A Key to Economical Patient Management. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2014;2(2):111-116.
Los túmulos funerarios en las altas jerarquías sociales. La reproducción del modelo regio lejos de la Corte
Authors: Cuesta García de Leomardo Maria José 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT: The society of the ancient regime recreated the distinctive, justifying, and propagandistic rites of power that were performed at court in cities far away from it. These rites were led by the holders of civil and religious power, and even utilized formulas that would not have been permitted, because they copied the royal ones. The rituals surrounding death form part of these practices, with first-class artistic derivations, including ephemeral architecture, emblematics and chalcography, or intaglio. My study focuses on the catafalque of a priest and another of a nobleman in Seville in the mid-eighteenth century. KEYWORDS: Funereal Emblematics, Colegio de San Basilio Magno, Eugenio González Moreno, José Dávila Tello de Guzmán, Pedro Tortolero. RESUMEN: La sociedad del Antiguo Régimen reproduce los ritos distintivos, justificadores y propagandísticos del poder que se realizan en la corte, en las ciudades alejadas de ella. Aquí son protagonizados por los detentadores del poder civil y religioso, incluso con fórmulas que, por copiar a las regias, no les serían permitidas. Los ritos en torno a la muerte se inscriben en estos usos, con derivaciones artísticas de primer orden que incluyen la arquitectura efímera, la emblemática y la calcografía. Nuestro estudio se centra en un túmulo de un sacerdote y en otro de un noble en la Sevilla de mediados del siglo XVIII. PALABRAS CLAVES: Emblemática fúnebre, Colegio de San Basilio Magno, Eugenio González Moreno, José Dávila Tello de Guzmán, Pedro Tortolero.
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Opportunity observations of the Burns formation: Crater hopping at Meridiani Planum
Authors: Arvidson R. E. , Bell J. F. , Catalano J. G. , Clark B. C. , Fox V. K. , Gellert R. , Grotzinger J. P. , Guinness E. A. , Herkenhoff K. E. , Knoll A. H. , Lapotre M. G. A. , McLennan S. M. , Ming D. W. , Morris R. V. , Murchie S. L. , Powell K. E. , Smith M. D. , Squyres S. W. , Wolff M. J. , Wray J. J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCompact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars hyperspectral (1.0–2.65 µm) along‐track oversampled observations covering Victoria, Santa Maria, Endeavour, and Ada craters were processed to 6 m/pixel and used in combination with Opportunity observations to detect and map hydrated Mg and Ca sulfate minerals in the Burns formation. The strongest spectral absorption features were found to be associated with outcrops that are relatively young and fresh (Ada) or preferentially scoured of dust, soil, and coatings by prevailing winds. At Victoria and Santa Maria, the scoured areas are on the southeastern rims and walls, opposite to the sides where wind‐blown sands extend out of the craters. At Endeavour, the deepest absorptions are in Botany Bay, a subdued and buried rim segment that exhibits high thermal inertias, extensive outcrops, and is interpreted to be a region of enhanced wind scour extending up and out of the crater. Ada, Victoria, and Santa Maria outcrops expose the upper portion of the preserved Burns formation and show spectral evidence for the presence of kieserite. In contrast, gypsum is pervasive spectrally in the Botany Bay exposures. Gypsum, a relatively insoluble evaporative mineral, is interpreted to have formed close to the contact with the Noachian crust as rising groundwaters brought brines close to and onto the surface, either as a direct precipitate or during later diagenesis. The presence of kieserite at the top of the section is hypothesized to reflect precipitation from evaporatively concentrated brines or dehydration of polyhydrated sulfates, in both scenarios as the aqueous environment evolved to very arid conditions.
What Triggers an Episode of Acute Low Back Pain? A Case–Crossover Study
Authors: Steffens Daniel , Ferreira Manuela L. , Latimer Jane , Ferreira Paulo H. , Koes Bart W. , Blyth Fiona , Li Qiang , Maher Christopher G. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate a range of transient risk factors for an episode of sudden‐onset, acute low back pain (LBP).MethodsThis case–crossover study recruited 999 subjects with a new episode of acute LBP between October 2011 and November 2012 from 300 primary care clinics in Sydney, Australia. Each participant was asked to report exposure to 12 putative triggers over the 96 hours preceding the onset of back pain. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) expressing the magnitude of increased risk with exposure to each trigger.ResultsExposure to a range of physical and psychosocial triggers significantly increased the risk of a new onset of LBP; ORs ranged from 2.7 (moderate or vigorous physical activity) to 25.0 (distracted during an activity or task). Age moderated the effect of exposure to heavy loads and sexual activity. The ORs for heavy loads for people ages 20, 40, or 60 years were 13.6, 6.0, and 2.7, respectively. The risk of developing back pain was greatest between 7:00 AM and noon.ConclusionTransient exposure to a number of modifiable physical and psychosocial triggers substantially increases risk for a new episode of LBP. Triggers previously evaluated in occupational injury studies, but never in LBP, have been shown to significantly increase risk. These results aid our understanding of the causes of LBP and can inform the development of new prevention approaches.
Detektion ligandeninduzierter Konformationsänderungen im Östrogenrezeptor
Authors: Mayer‐Wrangowski Svenja C. , Rauh Daniel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractKernrezeptoren spielen bei einer Vielzahl physiologischer Prozesse eine entscheidende Rolle und stellen wichtige Zielstrukturen in der modernen Wirkstoff‐Forschung dar. Die Aktivität von Kernrezeptoren lässt sich durch niedermolekulare Verbindungen wie Hormone und Wirkstoffe regulieren, die entweder als Agonisten oder als Antagonisten an den Rezeptor binden. Die Bindung dieser Liganden führt zu Konformationsänderungen des Rezeptors, die von entscheidender Bedeutung für dessen Aktivität sind. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Entwicklung einer Methode zur Detektion von Konformationsänderungen des Östrogenrezeptors. Dieses FLiN‐Assay‐Verfahren (“Fluorescent Labels in Nuclear Receptors”) basiert auf der Einführung eines Cysteins und anschließender Markierung des Rezeptors mit einem Thiol‐reaktiven Fluorophor. Konformationsänderungen des Rezeptors führen zu Verschiebungen im Emissionsspektrum des Fluorophors. Neben der Differenzierung von Agonisten und Antagonisten ist FLiN für das Hochdurchsatz‐Screening geeignet.
Resonance energy transfer, pH‐induced folded states and the molecular interaction of human serum albumin and icariin
Authors: Cheng Xiao‐Xia , Fan Xiao‐Yang , Jiang Feng‐Lei , Liu Yi. , Lei Ke‐Lin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIcariin is a flavonol glycoside with a wide range of pharmacological and biological activities. The pharmacological and biological functions of flavonoid compounds mainly originate from their binding to proteins. The mode of interaction of icariin with human serum albumin (HSA) has been characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy and far‐ and near‐UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy under different pH conditions. Fluorescence quenching studies showed that the binding affinity of icariin with HSA in the buffer solution at different pH values is: Ka (pH 4.5) > Ka (pH 3.5) > Ka (pH 9.0) > Ka (pH 7.0). Red‐edge excitation shift (REES) studies revealed that pH had an obvious effect on the mobility of the tryptophan microenvironment and the addition of icariin made the REES effect more distinct. The static quenching mechanism and number of binding sites (n ≈ 1) were obtained from fluorescence data at three temperatures (298, 304 and 310 K). Both ∆H0 < 0 and ∆Ѕ0 < 0 suggested that hydrogen bonding and van der Waal's interaction were major driving forces in the binding mechanism, and this was also confirmed by the molecular simulation results. The distance r between the donor (HSA) and the acceptor (icariin) was calculated based on Förster non‐radiation energy transfer theory. We found that pH had little impact on the energy transfer between HSA and icariin. Far‐ and near‐UV CD spectroscopy studies further indicated the influence of pH on the complexation process and the alteration in the protein conformation upon binding. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rare childhood cancers—an increasing entity requiring the need for global consensus and collaboration
Authors: Kotecha Rishi S. , Kees Ursula R. , Cole Catherine H. , Gottardo Nicholas G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRare childhood cancers have not benefited to the same extent from the gains that have been made for their frequently occurring counterparts. In recent years, this gap has been recognized and a number of vehicles now exist to improve outcome, including rare tumor groups, disease‐specific registries, and clinics. The multitude of approaches has allowed significant progress, however, this framework is limited by patient number and is not inclusive for every type of rare childhood cancer. These shortcomings can be overcome by a single global unified approach to the study of rare childhood tumors.
Effect of pneumatic tube transport on T lymphocyte subsets analysis
Authors: Gossez Morgane , Poitevin‐Later Francoise , Demaret Julie , Jallades Laurent , Venet Fabienne , Malcus Christophe , Monneret Guillaume 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundPneumatic tube system (PTS) for transportation of blood specimens may present with advantages for hospital organization as it provides faster tube transfer from medical wards to routine labs. These characteristics are expected to result in faster sample processing and decreased turnaround time, therefore benefiting the patient particularly in emergency units. However, PTS could affect sample quality and therefore laboratory results. Within the context of routine lab certification, effects of PTS on routine cellular immunology analyses, especially on determination of T lymphocyte subpopulations, need to be evaluated.MethodsPaired EDTA blood samples were collected from 30 healthy donors. For each pair, one sample was hand‐delivered by a courier while the other was transported through a PTS of 2.4 km long (1.6 miles) with two 90‐degree turns and one‐U turn generating a speed of 5 m/s with a maximal acceleration of 2 g‐force. The percentages of CD3+ cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells and their absolute counts were assessed by flow cytometry.ResultsFor every parameter, results measured by flow cytometry were not significantly different after transport by PTS or hand‐delivery. Results comparison revealed an excellent linear correlation between both delivery methods (R ranged from 0.969 to 0.982; P < 0.01). Bland‐Altman plots also showed good agreement, indicating that results were not influenced by the transport method.ConclusionsOur results suggest that, pending validation using clinical samples, PTS does not present with pre‐analytical drawbacks and is thus a reliable system for blood samples transportation when performing T cell subset phenotyping. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society