bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD4 T Cell Depletion Substantially Augments the Rescue Potential of PD-L1 Blockade for Deeply Exhausted CD8 T Cells
Authors: Penaloza-MacMaster Pablo , Provine Nicholas M. , Blass Eryn , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In various models of chronic infections and cancers, blockade of the inhibitory programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathway has been shown to be promising at restoring immune function. However, there is not a complete understanding of the factors that influence responsiveness to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade. In particular, it is currently unclear whether the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade is dependent on the stage of disease. In a model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice, we show that exhausted CD8 T cells during the late stage of infection are refractory to rescue by PD-L1 blockade. Interestingly, PD-L1 blockade during the late stage of infection resulted in a biased expansion of PD-1+ CTLA-4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) over antiviral CD8 T cells. Although previous studies have shown that Treg ablation can enhance the immune rescue by PD-L1 blockade, this regimen may induce lethal autoimmunity. In this report, we show that PD-L1 blockade together with CD4 T cell depletion effectively rescued deeply exhausted CD8 T cells and enhanced antiviral control during the late stage of chronic infection without any associated mortality. These data demonstrate the pleiotropic effects of anti–PD-L1 therapy on both virus-specific CD8 T cells and Tregs, and suggest a novel strategy for effectively rescuing deeply exhausted CD8 T cells.
IL-10 Production in Macrophages Is Regulated by a TLR-Driven CREB-Mediated Mechanism That Is Linked to Genes Involved in Cell Metabolism
Authors: Sanin David E. , Prendergast Catriona T. , Mountford Adrian P. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
IL-10 is produced by macrophages in diverse immune settings and is critical in limiting immune-mediated pathology. In helminth infections, macrophages are an important source of IL-10; however, the molecular mechanism underpinning production of IL-10 by these cells is poorly characterized. In this study, bone marrow–derived macrophages exposed to excretory/secretory products released by Schistosoma mansoni cercariae rapidly produce IL-10 as a result of MyD88-mediated activation of MEK/ERK/RSK and p38. The phosphorylation of these kinases was triggered by TLR2 and TLR4 and converged on activation of the transcription factor CREB. Following phosphorylation, CREB is recruited to a novel regulatory element in the Il10 promoter and is also responsible for regulating a network of genes involved in metabolic processes, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, skin-resident tissue macrophages, which encounter S. mansoni excretory/secretory products during infection, are the first monocytes to produce IL-10 in vivo early postinfection with S. mansoni cercariae. The early and rapid release of IL-10 by these cells has the potential to condition the dermal microenvironment encountered by immune cells recruited to this infection site, and we propose a mechanism by which CREB regulates the production of IL-10 by macrophages in the skin, but also has a major effect on their metabolic state.
Human Mesenchymal Stem (Stromal) Cells Promote the Resolution of Acute Lung Injury in Part through Lipoxin A4
Authors: Fang Xiaohui , Abbott Jason , Cheng Linda , Colby Jennifer K. , Lee Jae Woo , Levy Bruce D. , Matthay Michael A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated that bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) reduce the severity of acute lung injury in animal models and in an ex vivo perfused human lung model. However, the mechanisms by which MSCs reduce lung injury are not well understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that human MSCs promote the resolution of acute lung injury in part through the effects of a specialized proresolving mediator lipoxin A4 (LXA4). Human alveolar epithelial type II cells and MSCs expressed biosynthetic enzymes and receptors for LXA4. Coculture of human MSCs with alveolar epithelial type II cells in the presence of cytomix significantly increased the production of LXA4 by 117%. The adoptive transfer of MSCs after the onset of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice led to improved survival (48 h), and blocking the LXA4 receptor with WRW4, a LXA4 receptor antagonist, significantly reversed the protective effect of MSCs on both survival and the accumulation of pulmonary edema. LXA4 alone improved survival in mice, and it also significantly decreased the production of TNF-α and MIP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In summary, these experiments demonstrated two novel findings: human MSCs promote the resolution of lung injury in mice in part through the proresolving lipid mediator LXA4, and LXA4 itself should be considered as a therapeutic for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Control of Viremia Enables Acquisition of Resting Memory B Cells with Age and Normalization of Activated B Cell Phenotypes in HIV-Infected Children
Authors: Muema Daniel M. , Macharia Gladys N. , Hassan Amin S. , Mwaringa Shalton M. , Fegan Greg W. , Berkley James A. , Nduati Eunice W. , Urban Britta C. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
HIV affects the function of all lymphocyte populations, including B cells. Phenotypic and functional defects of B cells in HIV-infected adults have been well characterized, but defects in children have not been studied to the same extent. We determined the proportion of B cell subsets and frequencies of Ag-specific memory B cells in peripheral blood from HIV-infected children and healthy controls, using flow cytometry and B cell ELISPOT, respectively. In addition, we measured the quantities and avidities of plasma Abs against various Ags by ELISA. We also determined plasma levels of BAFF and expression of BAFF receptors on B cells. Children with high HIV viremia had increased proportions of activated mature B cells, tissue-like memory B cells and plasmablasts, and low proportions of naive B cells when compared with community controls and children with low HIV viremia, similar to adults infected with HIV. HIV-infected groups had lower proportions of resting memory B cells than did community controls. Notably, high HIV viremia prevented the age-dependent accumulation of class-switched resting memory B cells. HIV-infected children, regardless of the level of viremia, showed lower quantities and avidities of IgG and lower frequencies of memory B cells against Expanded Program on Immunization vaccines. The HIV-infected children had an altered BAFF profile that could have affected their B cell compartment. Therefore, B cell defects in HIV-infected children are similar to those seen in HIV-infected adults. However, control of HIV viremia is associated with normalization of activated B cell subsets and allows age-dependent accumulation of resting memory B cells.
Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Cote D’Ivoire: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Johnston Kyle A. , Ramirez Miguel D. 
Published: June 2015

<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on economic growth in Cote D’Ivoire during the 1975-2011 period. The selection of this African nation is motivated by the rapid inflows it has experienced over the past decade. Using unit root and cointegration analysis, the resulting error correction model (ECM) suggests that gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) has a short-run positive impact on economic growth, while FDI, the repatriation of net income abroad, and periods involving structural breaks, have a negative effect on economic growth in Cote D’Ivoire. In addition, the negative error correction term indicates that deviations from long-run per capita growth during the current year are corrected relatively quickly in the following year, c<em>eteris paribus</em>. The unexpected negative effect of FDI on economic growth may be due to the significant repatriation of profits and dividends the country has experienced in recent years. </span></p>
Weak kinetic Alfvén waves turbulence during the 14 November 2012 geomagnetic storm: Van Allen Probes observations
Authors: Moya Pablo. S. , Pinto Víctor A. , Viñas Adolfo F. , Sibeck David G. , Kurth William S. , Hospodarsky George B. , Wygant John R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn the dawn sector, L ∼ 5.5 and MLT ∼ 4–7, from 01:30 to 06:00 UT during the 14 November 2012 geomagnetic storm, both Van Allen Probes observed an alternating sequence of locally quiet and disturbed intervals with two strikingly different power fluctuation levels and magnetic field orientations: either small (∼10−2 nT2) total power with strong GSM Bx and weak By or large (∼10 nT2) total power with weak Bx and strong By and Bz components. During both kinds of intervals the fluctuations occur in the vicinity of the local ion gyrofrequencies (0.01–10 Hz) in the spacecraft frame, propagate oblique to the magnetic field, (θ ∼ 60∘), and have magnetic compressibility C=|δB∥|/|δB⊥|∼1, where δB∥ (δB⊥) are the average amplitudes of the fluctuations parallel (perpendicular) to the mean field. Electric field fluctuations are present whenever the magnetic field is disturbed, and large electric field fluctuations follow the same pattern for quiet and disturbed intervals. Magnetic frequency power spectra at both spacecraft correspond to steep power laws ∼f−α with 4 < α < 5 for
Hz, and 1.1 < α < 1.7 for
2 Hz, spectral profiles that are consistent with weak kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW) turbulence. Electric power is larger than magnetic power for all frequencies above 0.1 Hz, and the ratio increases with increasing frequency. Vlasov linear analysis is consistent with the presence of compressive KAW with
, right‐handed polarization and positive magnetic helicity, in the plasma frame, considering a multiion plasma. All these results suggest the presence of weak KAW turbulence which dissipates the energy associated with the intermittent sudden changes in the magnetic field during the main phase of the storm.
A statistical study of EMIC waves observed by Cluster: 1. Wave properties
Authors: Allen R. C. , Zhang J.‐C. , Kistler L. M. , Spence H. E. , Lin R.‐L. , Klecker B. , Dunlop M. W. , André M. , Jordanova V. K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are an important mechanism for particle energization and losses inside the magnetosphere. In order to better understand the effects of these waves on particle dynamics, detailed information about the occurrence rate, wave power, ellipticity, normal angle, energy propagation angle distributions, and local plasma parameters are required. Previous statistical studies have used in situ observations to investigate the distribution of these parameters in the magnetic local time versus L‐shell (MLT‐L) frame within a limited magnetic latitude (MLAT) range. In this study, we present a statistical analysis of EMIC wave properties using 10 years (2001–2010) of data from Cluster, totaling 25,431 min of wave activity. Due to the polar orbit of Cluster, we are able to investigate EMIC waves at all MLATs and MLTs. This allows us to further investigate the MLAT dependence of various wave properties inside different MLT sectors and further explore the effects of Shabansky orbits on EMIC wave generation and propagation. The statistical analysis is presented in two papers. This paper focuses on the wave occurrence distribution as well as the distribution of wave properties. The companion paper focuses on local plasma parameters during wave observations as well as wave generation proxies.
Phylogenetic relationships within the Cercocebus–Mandrillus clade as indicated by craniodental morphology: Implications for evolutionary biogeography
Authors: Devreese Lieven , Gilbert Christopher C. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe African papionin primates commonly known as mangabeys form a diphyletic group with white‐eyelid mangabeys (Cercocebus) being most closely related to drills and mandrills (Mandrillus). However, the phylogenetic relationships among members of the Cercocebus–Mandrillus clade have not been investigated in detail, particularly from a morphological perspective. Early studies of white‐eyelid mangabeys considered C. agilis to best represent the ancestral lineage and C. torquatus as the most derived species, the result of multiple biogeographic dispersal events. More recently, a sister‐clade relationship between Mandrillus and either C. chrysogaster or C. torquatus has been proposed.Materials and MethodsHere we present the results of phylogenetic analyses based on 206 craniodental characters (103 representing males and females separately) of four species of Cercocebus and both species of Mandrillus.ResultsWhen all species of the Cercocebus–Mandrillus clade are analyzed without molecular constraints, results suggest that C. torquatus may indeed be more closely related to mandrills and drills than to other Cercocebus taxa. However, this topology lacks strong statistical support and may be attributable to incomplete lineage sorting and/or reticulation. When we employ a molecular backbone to constrain Cercocebus and Mandrillus monophyly, C. torquatus appears most basal, while C. agilis and C. chrysogaster form a derived clade.DiscussionThe molecular backbone view is also congruent with recent genetic analyses and assessments based on the fossil record, but awaits confirmation with additional data. This phylogeny suggests that Cercocebus and Cercocebus + Mandrillus arose in western equatorial Africa with subsequent dispersals westward, eastward, and possibly southward over the last > 3 million years. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:227–241, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unraveling the quantum state mixing of excitonic and vibronic excitations in the dynamics of molecular aggregates
Authors: Schröter Marco , Pullerits Toñu , Kühn Oliver 
Published: June 2015

We report on dissipative exciton dynamics calculations performed with the hierarchy equations of motion method for a molecular heterodimer coupled to a multi‐mode Brownian oscillator bath. Coherent oscillations in the population dynamics after initial excitation of the highest exciton state are analysed in terms of a Fourier spectrum and compared to the exciton‐vibronic structure of the dimer eigenstates obtained by means of direct diagonalization. The signatures of Coulomb coupling induced quantum state mixing between elementary excitonic and vibronic excitations are systematically discussed for various Coulomb coupling strengths and Huang‐Rhys factors.
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Affecting mechanism of activation conditions on the performance of NaNO3‐modified dolomite for CO2 capture
Authors: Yang Xinfang , Zhao Lifeng , Xiao Yunhan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe affecting mechanism of activation conditions on the performance of NaNO3‐modified dolomites for CO2 capture was conducted combined with the activation tests and the CO2 absorption tests. The weight loss during activation was determined by the combined effects of the NaNO3 content, activation temperature, and activation atmosphere, for their combined effects on the ion diffusion. Moreover, the greater weight loss during activation did not elicit a corresponding increase in CO2 absorption ability of the activated absorbents. CO2 absorption activity tests indicated that the sample 0.20Na‐dol activated at 500 °C in N2 showed the best cyclic CO2 absorption ability. The underlying mechanism was then analyzed based on the results of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman analysis of the absorbents. The results indicated that the different CO2 absorption abilities might be due to the two kinds of molecular arrangements between the MgO and CaCO3 grains obtained during activation. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strain‐induced crystallization behavior of phenolic resin crosslinked natural rubber/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Masa Abdulhakim , Iimori Sougo , Saito Ryota , Saito Hiromu , Sakai Tadamoto , Kaesaman Azizon , Lopattananon Natinee 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTNanocomposites of natural rubber (NR) and unmodified clay were prepared by latex compounding method. Phenolic resin (PhOH) was used to crosslink NR. Crosslinked neat NR was also prepared for comparison. The structure–property relationship of uncrosslinked and crosslinked NR/clay nanocomposites was examined to verify the reinforcement mechanism. Microstructure of NR/clay nanocomposites was studied by using transmission electron microscopic (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) analyses. The results showed the evidence of intercalated clay together with clay tactoids for the nanocomposite samples. The highest tensile strength was achieved for the crosslinked NR/clay nanocomposite. The onset strain of deformation induced the crystallization of NR for nanocomposites was found at almost the same strain, and furthermore their crystallization was developed at lower strain than that of the crosslinked neat NR because of the clay orientation and alignment. However, at high strain region, the collaborative crystallization process related to the clay dispersion and conventional crosslink points in the NR was responsible to considerably high tensile strength of the crosslinked NR/clay nanocomposite. Based on these analyses, a mechanistic model for the strain‐induced crystallization and orientational evolution of a network structure of PhOH‐crosslinked NR/clay nanocomposite was proposed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42580.
Post‐harvest light treatment increases expression levels of recombinant proteins in transformed plastids of potato tubers
Authors: Larraya Luis M. , Fernández‐San Millán Alicia , Ancín, María , Farran Inmaculada , Veramendi Jon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPlastid genetic engineering represents an attractive system for the production of foreign proteins in plants. Although high expression levels can be achieved in leaf chloroplasts, the results for non‐photosynthetic plastids are generally discouraging. Here, we report the expression of two thioredoxin genes (trx f and trx m) from the potato plastid genome to study transgene expression in amyloplasts. As expected, the highest transgene expression was detected in the leaf (up to 4.2% of TSP). The Trx protein content in the tuber was approximately two to three orders of magnitude lower than in the leaf. However, we demonstrate that a simple post‐harvest light treatment of microtubers developed in vitro or soil‐grown tubers induces up to 55 times higher accumulation of the recombinant protein in just seven to ten days. After the applied treatment, the Trx f levels in microtubers and soil‐grown tubers increased to 0.14% and 0.11% of TSP, respectively. Moreover, tubers stored for eight months maintained the capacity of increasing the foreign protein levels after the light treatment. Post‐harvest cold induction (up to five times) at 4°C was also detected in microtubers. We conclude that plastid transformation and post‐harvest light treatment could be an interesting approach for the production of foreign proteins in potato.
Ion pair liquid chromatography method for the determination of thiamine (vitamin B1) homeostasis
Authors: Basiri Babak , Sutton James Michael , Hanberry Bradley S. , Zastre Jason A. , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new method for reversed phase HPLC determination of thiamine and its major in vivo phosphorylation products, thiamine monophosphate (TMP) and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), was developed using tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as the ion‐pairing agent. The separation was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex EVO C18 column with a gradient of a phosphate‐buffered aqueous solution of the ion‐pair reagent and methanol. The duty cycle for the assay was 13 min and pyrithiamine was successfully used as the internal standard for the first time in a thiamine HPLC measurement protocol. Detection of the fluorescence derivatives of the analytes as well as the IS allowed for lower detection limits in order to support biological applications in cell culture models. The linearity, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated and met the requirements specified by the US Food and Drug Administration. The calibration curves proved to be linear and the method was validated over the range from 1.0–4000 nm for both cells and the media where complete recovery of the analytes was also achieved. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention by drug‐eluting balloon angioplasty: The nonrandomized fourth arm of the DEB‐AMI (drug‐eluting balloon in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction) trial
Authors: Nijhoff Freek , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Belkacemi Anouar , Nathoe Hendrik M. , Voskuil Michiel , Samim Mariam , Doevendans Pieter A. , Stella Pieter R. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate a paclitaxel drug‐eluting balloon (DEB) only strategy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), aiming at a comparison with bare metal stent (BMS) alone, DEB followed by BMS, and paclitaxel eluting stent (PES), as assessed in the randomized Drug Eluting Balloon in Acute ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (DEB‐AMI) trial.BackgroundDEB‐only seems an attractive strategy in PPCI, as it obviates the risk of stent thrombosis.MethodsThis study is a prospective registry with the same inclusion/exclusion criteria used in the DEB‐AMI trial, as it constitutes the fourth, nonrandomized, treatment arm of this trial. Patients presenting with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction were allocated to DEB‐only (DIOR II, Eurocor GmbH, Bonn, Germany) after successful thrombus aspiration and predilatation. Primary endpoint was 6‐month angiographic in‐balloon/stent late‐luminal loss (LLL). Secondary endpoints were in‐balloon/stent binary restenosis and major adverse cardiac events (MACE: death, myocardial infarction, target‐vessel revascularization).ResultsForty patients underwent PPCI by DEB‐only. Procedural success was achieved in 97.5% with bail‐out stenting required in 10.0% of procedures. In DEB‐only, LLL was 0.51 ± 0.59 mm as compared to 0.74 ± 0.57 mm in BMS (P = 0.44), 0.64 ± 0.56 mm in DEB+BMS (P = 0.88) and 0.21 ± 0.32 mm in PES (P < 0.01); in‐balloon/stent binary restenosis rates were 22.2%, 23.8% (P = 0.67), 28.6% (P = 0.97), and 4.5% (P = 0.07), respectively; and MACE rates were 17.5%, 23.5% (P = 0.20), 20.0% (P = 0.26), and 4.1% (P = 0.90), respectively. No acute or late thrombotic events occurred in the DEB‐only group.ConclusionsPPCI by DEB‐only in selected patients yielded an angiographic outcome comparable to BMS alone and DEB followed by BMS. PES proved angiographic superiority to DEB‐only. DEB‐only is therefore a potential treatment alternative during PPCI in patients with contra‐indications to drug‐eluting stents. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.