bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of low dose X‐ray irradiation on porcine articular cartilage explants
Authors: Lindburg Carl Alexander , Willey Jeffrey S. , Dean Delphine 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIonizing radiation therapy is a crucial treatment for cancer, but can damage surrounding normal tissues. Damage to articular cartilage leading to arthropathy can occur at irradiated sites. It is unclear whether this response is due to damaging surrounding skeletal structures or direct effects on cartilage. In this study, we showed that irradiation with 2 Gy of X‐rays causes a significant reduction in the stiffness of porcine explants 1 week post‐irradiation. By using both microindentation and indentation‐type atomic force microscopy, ionizing radiation reduces stiffness in both the superficial zone, and throughout the entire thickness of the tissue. Young's modulus values were 75% and 60% lower in 2 Gy irradiated samples when compared with controls using microindentation and nanoindentation, respectively. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) released into the culture media of irradiated samples was nearly 100% greater at 24 h after exposure. While collagen content in the tissue is similar between groups, GAG content is 55% lower in irradiated explants compared with controls 7 days after exposure. Therefore, the irradiated explants are unable to recover from the initial loss of GAGs by 1 week. This acute loss of GAGs is a likely contributor to the reduction in modulus seen after exposure to ionizing radiation. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1780–1785, 2013
Chiral Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Novel Chiral Fluorescence Sensors for Amino Alcohols
Authors: Wei Juan , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhao Yaopeng , Li Ruixiang 
Published: August 2013

Novel (R)‐(+)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol ((R)‐(+)‐BINOL)‐based conjugated microporous polymers (CMP1–4) with high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area are synthesized through Sonogashira–Hagihara cross‐coupling of di‐/tetra‐bromo‐substituted (R)‐(+)‐BINOL derivatives and 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene. Fluorescence studies find that CMP4 can act as a sensitive and enantioselective sensor for chiral amino alcohols, such as 2‐amino‐1‐propanol (AA1), 2‐amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐butanol (AA2), and 2‐amino‐2‐phenylethanol (AA3), which expands the application scope of conjugated microporous polymers.
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Impact of East Asian winter monsoon on the Pacific storm track
Authors: Zhang Man , Qi Youcun , Hu Xiao‐Ming 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe storm track plays an important role in modulating the variability of atmosphere circulations such as day‐to‐day weather variability and teleconnection patterns. The variation in amplitude of the storm track is usually related to the midlatitude basic flow. Recent studies show that a strong (weak) East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and weak (strong) synoptic eddy activity lead to the weakening (enhancement) of the Pacific storm track. Two empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes of the EAWM were identified recently. However, their different impacts on the position and intensity of the Pacific storm track are not clear. Based on the ECMWF 40 Year Re‐analysis (ERA40) data, the different responses of the Pacific storm track to these two EOF modes of EAWM are investigated in this study. The results imply that the first EOF mode (i.e., the northern mode) of EAWM, characterized by a northward‐shifted westerly jet tends to lead to a northward shift of the Pacific storm track. The second EOF mode (i.e., the southern mode) of EAWM, featured by a more southward located westerly jet stream, tends to cause a southward shift of the Pacific storm track. Moreover, the amplitude of the Pacific storm track associated with the southern mode is considerably weaker than the amplitude associated with the northern mode. It is also demonstrated that the westerly jet associated with the EAWM may play an important role in transporting the upstream synoptic waves to the Pacific Ocean and contributing to the development of the Pacific storm track.
The Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) dead end gene is suitable as a specific molecular marker of type A spermatogonia
Authors: Yazawa Ryosuke , Takeuchi Yutaka , Morita Tetsuro , Ishida Masashi , Yoshizaki Goro 
Published: August 2013

SummaryWe developed a spermatogonial transplantation technique to produce donor‐derived gametes in surrogate fish. Our ultimate aim is to establish surrogate broodstock that can produce bluefin tuna. We previously determined that only type A spermatogonia (ASG) could colonize recipient gonads in salmonids. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a precise molecular marker that can distinguish ASG in order to develop efficient spermatogonial transplantation methods. In this study, the Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) dead end (BFTdnd) gene was identified as a specific marker for ASG. In situ hybridization and RT‐PCR analysis with various types of spermatogenic cell populations captured by laser microdissection revealed that localization of BFTdnd mRNA was restricted to ASG, and not detected in other differentiated spermatogenic cells. In order to determine if BFTdnd can be used as a molecular marker to identify germ cells with high transplantability, transplantation of dissociated testicular cells isolated from juvenile, immature, and mature Pacific bluefin tuna, which have different proportions of dnd‐positive ASG, were performed using chub mackerel as the surrogate recipient species. Colonization of transplanted donor germ cells was only successful with testicular cells from immature Pacific Bluefin tuna, which contained higher proportions of dnd‐positive ASG than juvenile and mature fish. Thus, BFTdnd is a useful tool for identifying highly transplantable ASG for spermatogonial transplantation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 871–880, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managerial Control and Strategy in Nonprofit Organizations: Doing the Right Things for the Wrong Reasons?
Authors: Tucker Basil P. , Parker Lee D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article presents the second stage of a study that engages with the debate that has occurred within the nonprofit literature about the propensity and relative merits of nonprofit organizations adopting for‐profit approaches to management. Specifically, this qualitative investigation examines the ways in which nonprofit organizations use management control when implementing their chosen strategies. Although this topic has been the subject of considerable attention in the management accounting research, it has rarely been explored within a nonprofit context. This is surprising not only because of the considerable social and economic impact of this sector, but also because of the apparent trend toward sectoral convergence in many structural and processual respects, including strategic behaviors and approaches to control. Based on interviews with CEOs and senior executives in thirty‐two Australian nonprofit organizations, we find that the relationship between strategy and control in nonprofit organizations is similar to that in for‐profit organizations, but quite different reasons underlie nonprofit organizations' exercising of management control.
Uncharted Waters: Exploring the Relationship between Strategy Processes and Management Control Systems in the Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Tucker Basil P. , Thorne Helen , Gurd Bruce W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe way in which strategy and management control combine has been the subject of much research attention, but rarely, within a nonprofit context. This is surprising, not only because of the considerable social and economic impact of this sector, but also in view of the apparent trend toward sectoral convergence in many structural and processual respects, including strategic behaviors and approaches to control. In this article, we explore the extent to which the relationship between management control and strategy, as found in for‐profit organizations, may prevail within a nonprofit context. Based on questionnaire responses from 182 Australian nonprofit organizations, we find that this relationship in nonprofit organizations is similar to that in for‐profit organizations, thereby lending support to the “convergence” argument. We reflect on the reasons for these similarities and advance an agenda for further research in this area.
Toughening strategies of carbon nanotube/polycarbonate composites with electromagnetic interference shielding properties
Authors: Pardo Santiago G. , Arboleda Laura , Ares Ana , García Xoan , Dopico Sonia , Abad Maria J. 
Published: August 2013

The effect of different toughening strategies on the mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polycarbonate composite (PC/MWNT) for electromagnetic interference shielding was analyzed from the mechanical and fracture tests using linear elastic fracture mechanics. The effect of processing (injection and compression molding) and manufacturing (annealing) conditions in the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity has been studied. The classic electromagnetic theory predicts a shielding effectiveness around 40 dB for nanocomposites with 5 wt% of MWNT in the frequency range studied. These values make these compounds to be very interesting materials for potential applications as electronic housings. Therefore, a combination of cyclic form of polybutylene terephthalate addition and annealing strategies let to optimize flexural parameters and improve the flexural modulus of PC composites. The rheology results showed that the dynamic moduli and the viscosity grew with increasing MWNT content. A significant change in frequency dependence of the moduli was observed, with respect to pure PC, which indicates a transition from a liquid‐like to a solid‐like behavior.Finally, the morphological study proves that the composites display different toughening mechanisms as function of carbon nanotube quantity. This fact could explain the different fracture behaviors of materials. In summary, it has been proved that it is possible to obtain PC/MWNT nanocomposites with relatively high conductivity, minimizing the loss of mechanical properties, using processing techniques easily scalable at industrial level. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1938–1949, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
National narcissism: Internal dimensions and international correlates
Authors: Cai Huajian , Gries Peter 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn studies conducted in the United States and China, we explored the impact of national narcissism, grandiosity, and entitlement, demonstrating that: (a) national narcissism was distinct from both individual narcissism and collective self‐esteem (patriotism); (b) national entitlement and national grandiosity constituted two distinct dimensions of national narcissism; and (c) national narcissism, national grandiosity, and national entitlement, but not individual narcissism, were uniquely predictive of political attitudes, foreign policy preferences, and purchase intentions. Together, these findings provided convergent evidence for the utility of national narcissism and its two internal dimensions, national entitlement and national grandiosity.
Admissible consensus analysis for high‐order linear singular swarm systems with multiple time‐varying delays and topology variances
Authors: Xi Jianxiang , Yao Zhicheng , Wang Zhong , Liu Guangbin , Zhong Yisheng 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYAdmissible consensus analysis problems for high‐order linear time‐invariant singular swarm systems with multiple time delays and time‐varying interaction topologies are investigated. First, necessary and sufficient conditions for admissible consensus are presented, and admissible consensus problems are transformed into admissible problems of multiple lower dimensional singular systems. Then, on the basis of the first equivalent form, explicit expressions of consensus functions are given, where the impacts of initial states of agents and protocols, time delays and topology variances are determined, respectively. Moreover, it is shown that if interaction topologies are balanced, then swarm systems with the same initial states but different interaction topologies and different time delays have an identical consensus function. Finally, numerical simulations are given to demonstrate theoretical results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assemblies of 1D and 2D Copper(II) Chiral Coordination Polymers by Salicylaldehyde Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Wang Zhao‐Xi , Wu Lin‐Fei , Hou Xiao‐Kang , Shao Min , Xiao Hong‐Ping , Li Ming‐Xing 
Published: August 2013

AbstractReaction of CuCl2·2H2O with chiral Schiff bases and sodium dicyanamide led to the formation of two chiral copper(II) coordination polymers, namely [Cu4(L1)2(dca)4]n (1) and [Cu2(L2)(μ‐Cl)(dca)(H2O)]n·nH2O (2) {H2L1 = (1R, 3S)‐N′,N′′‐bis[salicylidene]‐1,3‐diamino‐ 1,2,2‐trimethylcyclopentane, H2L2 = (1R, 3S)‐N′,N′′‐bis[3‐ethoxysalicylidene]‐1,3‐diamino‐ 1,2,2‐trimethylcyclopentane, dca = dicyanamide}. Both complexes were structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complex 1 exhibits a two‐dimensional polymeric structure formed by single dca bridging tetranuclear Cu4 units. Complex 2 displays a left‐handed helical chain structure constructed from Cu2 dimers with single dca bridges. The chirality of 1 and 2 was confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) measurements in solution. Both complexes exhibit strong antiferromagnetic couplings with J = –308(4) cm–1 for 1 and J = –123(1) cm–1 for 2 in 2–300 K.
A Comparative Study on Insensitive Energetic Derivatives of 5‐(1,2,4‐Triazol‐C‐yl)‐tetrazoles and their 1‐Hydroxy‐tetrazole Analogues
Authors: Dachs Manuel , Dippold Alexander A. , Gaar Jakob , Holler Marcel , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of selected nitrogen‐rich salts based on 5‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐C‐yl)tetrazoles and their 1‐hydroxy‐tetrazole analogues is presented. The combination with guanidinium, triaminoguanidinium, and hydroxylammonium cations leads to enhanced performance and sensitivities. The main focus of this work is on the energetic properties of those ionic derivatives in comparison to the neutral compounds. Additionally, the positive influence of the introduction of N‐oxides in energetic materials is shown. Structural characterization was accomplished by means of Raman, IR, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The standard enthalpies of formation were calculated for selected compounds at the CBS‐4M level of theory, the detonation parameters were calculated using the EXPLO5.05 program. Additionally, thermal stability was measured via DSC and sensitivities against impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge were determined.
Assessing noninvasive hair and fecal sampling for monitoring the distribution and abundance of river otter
Authors: Johnson Chris J. , Hodder Dexter P. , Crowley Shannon 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMonitoring the distribution and abundance of populations is an important component of efforts to meet management or conservation goals. Although the objectives for such studies are easy to define, cost‐effective, precise, and accurate estimates are often elusive. We tested the efficacy and compared the cost‐effectiveness of methods for estimating the number and recording the distribution of river otter (Lontra canadensis). We genotyped otter hair sampled using two noninvasive instruments and compared those results with a hypothetical study design based on DNA extracted from fecal matter. Patterns of distribution generated from DNA collected at latrine sites were then compared to observations of otter collected using VHF radiotelemetry. We achieved a high probability of genotyping river otter with a small number of hairs (i.e., 59.0 % probability of producing a genotype with 1 guard hair and >5 under hair samples) collected using wire body snares and knaplock hair snags. Body snares were more effective at collecting otter hair, but there was relatively little additional cost to using both sampling instruments. Genotyped hair resulted in a high multi‐year recapture rate (61.9 %). Hair collection and genotyping was the most cost‐effective method for monitoring populations of river otter ($168.50 US/datum) followed by radiotelemetry ($264.50 US/datum), and the extraction of DNA from fecal matter ($266.00 US/datum). However, the noninvasive techniques did not represent the full distribution and fine‐scale movements of otter, as observed using radiotelemetry. There has been much recent reporting of the efficacy of fecal matter as a source of DNA for conducting mark–recapture population estimates for mesocarnivores. Our data suggested that collecting DNA in hair may be a more cost‐effective and efficient approach.
Long-term follow-up of Whiplash Injury of the Neck
Authors: Sameh El-Sallakh , Mahmoud El-Rosasy , Mohamed Mohamed M.M. , Mifsud Rooney P. 
Published: August 2013

Background Whiplash injury has long-term sequelae, although little has been written about its long-term follow-up. The aim of the present study was to establish the factors affecting long-term outcome of whiplash injury. Methods This was a retrospective study in the public Russells Hall Hospital (Dudley, UK). Sixty-four patients who had whiplash injury of the neck due to road traffic accidents in 1995, 1996, and 1997 were recruited. All were treated with conservative means. Fifty-four patients replied. They were assessed using the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and Whiplash Disability Questionnaire Score (WDQS). Results Twenty-two patients (40.7%) were still symptomatic 10 years after injury. Eighteen patients (33.3%) had pins and needles sensation in their limbs; 13 (24.1%) had frontal headache; and seven (13%) had occipital headache. The mean WDQS in patients with low back pain was 29.23 and 12.53 for those without back pain. In smokers, the mean WDQS was 32.2 compared with 17.93 in non-smokers. The mean WDQS in those who did not drink alcohol was 26.73 compared with 16.58 in those who drank alcohol. Conclusion Whiplash injury patients have long-term residual symptoms; mainly pins and needles sensation in their limbs, headache, and dizziness. Increasing age and low back pain are bad prognostic factors. Claiming compensation prolongs the time for recovery. Sex, body mass index, type of treatment, smoking, and alcohol have no association with the incidence of persistent symptoms. However, smoking had a significant worsening effect on the severity of the symptoms in patients with high WDQS. WDQS, SF-36 and time to symptom relief are sensitive outcome measures of these injuries.
Policy advice through the market: The role of external consultants in contemporary policy advisory systems
Authors: Howlett M , Migone A 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe use of external policy consultants in government has been an increasing focus of concern among governments in the U.S., the UK, Canada and Australia, among others. Concern has arisen over the costs incurred by governments in this area and over the possible rise of a ‘consultocracy’ with the corresponding diminishment of democratic practices and public direction of policy and administrative development that could entail. However, current understanding of the origins and significance of the use of policy consultants in modern government is; poor with some seeing this development as part of a shift in the overall nature of state-societal relations to the ‘service’ or ‘franchise’ state and away from the ‘positive’ or ‘regulatory’ state, while others see it as a less significant activity linked to the normal development of policy advice systems in modern government. This article surveys the existing literature on the phenomena, in general, and identifies several methodological and data-ralated issues germane to the study and understanding of the activities of this set of external policy advisory system actors.
Coherent noise sources of a subsonic round jet investigated using hydrodynamic and acoustic phased-microphone arrays
Authors: Suzuki Takao 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBased on phased-microphone array data acquired in the past, properties of coherent noise sources in a subsonic round jet are investigated at low frequencies ($0. 2\lesssim \mathit{St}\lesssim 0. 6$) via two approaches: (i) by extracting hydrodynamic fluctuations from the near-field array, instability-wave components are projected to the acoustic field using a boundary-value problem technique; (ii) by post-processing mid-field array data in an acoustic field, noise sources are decomposed into multipole distributions using a generalized-inverse beam-forming technique. Comparison between the projected acoustic fields from the hydrodynamic array and the sound pressure levels at the acoustic array implies that the near-field pressure fluctuations beyond the end of the potential core primarily contribute to the downstream sound, as mentioned by many previous studies. However, the jet-spreading effect, which creates the streamwise growth and decay of the eigenfunctions in linear stability analysis, is insufficient to generate the sound pressure levels measured in the acoustic array. In the actual hydrodynamic data, the streamwise decay is much slower and the phase velocity is faster than those of the corresponding eigenfunction beyond the peak of the wave-packet, and these factors govern the downstream sound. Results from the acoustic array demonstrate that free-space multipole distributions detected by generalized-inverse beam-forming can reproduce primary coherent modes, the first one predominantly propagating downstream and the second one typically being more omni-directional. In particular, the detected phase relation of the first coherent mode shows nearly a constant slope, indicating a wavy-type source structure and the relation of downstream sound with instability waves.
The viscous Savart sheet
Authors: Villermaux E. , Pistre V. , Lhuissier H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe study the viscous version of the planar Savart sheet problem, using an impacting liquid jet up to 300 times more viscous than water. Two surprising observations are made, contrasting with the traditional case introduced by Savart where viscosity plays no role. First, if the radius of a viscous sheet is typically reduced compared to the case of water for a given jet radius and impacting velocity, the smooth–flapping transition is delayed, allowing for smooth sheet radii substantially bigger than those permitted with water at large impacting Weber number. Second, the drop size distribution is bimodal, with a substantial fraction of the drops having a very small, well-defined diameter. We understand these two facts in terms of an additional model experiment, and simple physical arguments.
Between Accommodation and Resistance: Pingtan Storytelling in 1960s Shanghai
Authors: HE QILIANG 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the resistance ofpingtanstorytellers to Communist political domination and economic exploitation on the eve of the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). In the early and mid-1960s, storytellers rarely mounted resistance through direct confrontations with the political authorities, but often in ‘everyday forms’ such as by libelling cadres, asking for sick-leave, refusing to conform to the dress code during performances, and threatening to withdraw from troupes. In order to vent their disappointment at the economic hardships following the Great Leap Forward (1958–1961), storytellers resorted to the flexible ways of narrating and performing pingtan stories to manipulate the storylines and characterizations in their stage performances. Hence storytellers engaged in counter-propaganda by telling ribald jokes and distorting stories that were originally designed to praise Communist revolutions. This investigation of the resistance of storytellers, both on and off stage, is intended not merely to raise a long overlooked history of the 1960s from oblivion, but also to highlight the Party-state's inability to ideologically transform Chinese artists prior to the Cultural Revolution.