bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caput valgum associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip: Management by transphyseal screw fixation
Authors: Torode Ian P. , Young Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose A late finding of some hips treated for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a growth disturbance of the lateral proximal femoral physis, which results in caput valgum and possibly osteoarthritis. Current treatment options include complete epiphysiodesis of the proximal femoral physis or a corrective proximal femoral osteotomy. Alternatively, a transphyseal screw through the inferomedial proximal femoral physis that preserves superolateral growth might improve this deformity. Methods This study evaluates the effect of such a transphyseal screw on both femoral and acetabular development in patients with caput valgum following open treatment of DDH. These patients were followed clinically and radiographically until skeletal maturity. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were assessed, measuring the proximal femoral physeal orientation (PFPO), the head–shaft angle (HSA), Sharp's angle and the center edge angle of Wiberg (CE angle). Results Thirteen hips of 11 consecutive patients were followed prospectively. The age at the time of transphyseal screw placement was between 5 and 14 years. The mean improvement of the PFPO and HSA was 14° ( p < 0.01) and 11° ( p < 0.001), respectively. The mean improvement of Sharp's angle and CE angle was 4.7° ( p < 0.01) and 5.8° ( p < 0.02), respectively. Five patients underwent screw revision. Conclusions A transphyseal screw across the proximal femoral physis improved the proximal femur and acetabular geometry.
The campaign for the Catholic workhouse children, 1834–68
Authors: Maynard Jean Olwen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe systematic proselytisation of Catholic children institutionalised under the New Poor Law of 1834 was felt by the Catholic community as a very serious grievance. The legislation was framed so as to make the ministrations of the state church an integral part of the workhouse regime, while providing safeguards for the religious rights of non-Anglicans, both adults and children, through a conscience clause which however was not envisaged as applicable to children perceived as having no meaningful family connections. Loose wording allowed locally elected poor law bodies to frustrate the intentions of Parliament, and nullify all efforts of relatives and others to secure appropriate religious upbringing for Catholic children. The problem was particularly acute in the London area. Earlier lobbying initiatives came to nothing, but a fresh campaign begun in 1859, waged with the participation of Catholics at all levels of society, and persisting in the face of repeated setbacks, succeeded in 1868 in bringing about a change in the law, whereby procedures were established to enable the transfer of all poor law children of proven Catholic background to voluntary institutions under Catholic management, with funding for their maintenance paid from the poor rates.
Flow of Second Grade Fluid between two Walls Induced by Rectified Sine Pulses Shear Stress
Authors: Sultan Q. , Nazar M. , Ahmad I. , Ali U. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper concerns with the unsteady MHD flow of a second grade fluid between two parallel walls through porous media induced by rectified sine pulses shear stress. The analytical expressions for the velocity field and the adequate shear stress are determined by means of the Laplace transform technique and Fourier cosine and sine transforms and are written as a sum of steady state and transient solutions. The influence of side walls on the fluid motion, the distance between walls for which the velocity of the fluid in the middle of the channel is negligible, and the required time to reach the steady state are presented by graphical illustrations. As the second grade fluid parameter → 0 the problem reduces to the Newtonian fluids performing the same motion.
Trends in the informal and formal home-care use of older adults in the Netherlands between 1992 and 2012
Authors: SWINKELS JOUKJE C. , SUANET BIANCA , DEEG DORLY J. H. , BROESE VAN GROENOU MARJOLEIN I. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigates trends in, and the interdependence of, the use of informal and formal home care of community-dwelling older people over the last two decades in the context of governmental reform of long-term care services and modernisation of informal relationships. Seven observations of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam covering the time span between 1992 and 2012 were analysed using multi-level logistic regression analysis. The sample entailed 9,585 observations from 3,574 respondents, aged between 65 and 85 years and living independently at each time of measurement. Measures included formal and informal care use, health, physical and cognitive limitations, socio-demographics, partner status, social network, privately paid help and sense of mastery. Results showed that between 1992 and 2012, formal home-care use increased slightly while there was a large decrease in the use of informal care. Multivariate multi-level logistic regression analyses showed a substitution effect between formal and informal care use which decreased over time. Analyses also showed improved cognitive functioning, increased partner availability and social network size, as well as increased use of privately paid care over time. Nevertheless, these positive trends did not explain the large decrease in informal care use. The results regarding informal care use suggest a societal trend of weakened informal solidarity, reflecting increased individualisation and increased availability of formal home care. The decreased substitution effect suggests that, in agreement with current reforms of long-term care, complementary or supplementary forms of care use may be more common in the near future.
Invasion Ecology: An International Perspective Centered in the Holarctic
Authors: Douglas Marlis R. , Slynko Yury V. , Dgebuadze Yury Yu. , Olenin Sergej , Aleksandrov Borys , Boltachev Alexander , Slynko Elena E. , Khristenko Dima , Minchin Dan , Pavlov Dmitry F. , Reshetnikov Andrey N. , Vekhov Dmitry A. , Ware Christopher J. , Douglas Michael E. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The Fourth International Symposium on “Alien Species in the Holarctic” was convened September 22–28, 2013, by the Russian Academy of Sciences at the I.D. Papanin Institute for the Biology of Inland Waters (IBIW) on the Volga River in Borok (∼355 km north of Moscow). The Organizing Committee spanned five countries (France, People's Republic of China, Poland, Russian Federation, and the United States), with participants (n=150) across the breadth and depth of the Russian Federation, from countries in proximity to it (i.e., Armenia, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Siberia, and The Republic of China), and more globally from the United States to Tasmania and Norway to South Africa. This report provides a synopsis of invasive species issues that were discussed at the symposium and, as such, provides an international window for the evaluation of fisheries-related topics in this part of the globe.
Laboratory, Environmental, and Epidemiologic Investigation and Regulatory Enforcement Actions in Response to an Outbreak of Salmonella Bredeney Infections Linked to Peanut Butter
Authors: Viazis Stelios , Beal Jennifer K. , Monahan Caitlin , Lanier William A. , Kreil Katherine R. , Melka David C. , Boden William D. , Dion Jamie L. , Miller Zachary A. , Nguyen Thai-An , Gieraltowski Laura B. , Zink Donald L. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background.  In September 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and state and local partners investigated an outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Bredeney linked to peanut butter (PB).
Methods.  A case was defined as infection with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Bredeney between June 1, 2012 and October 31, 2012. Food exposure questionnaires were analyzed by the CDC to determine the food vehicle. The FDA reviewed production information from Retail Chain A's sole supplier of PB, Company A. The PB samples collected from case-patients and Company A were tested for Salmonella.
Results.  Forty-two case-patients from 20 states were identified. Of 33 case-patients from whom food exposure information was obtained, 25 (76%) shopped at Retail Chain A and 25 (100%) purchased Company A PB. Three state health departments isolated the outbreak strain from opened jars of PB collected from case-patients. The FDA investigators identified multiple deficiencies in current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs) in Company A's manufacturing facility and determined that internal controls were insufficient to prevent shipment of contaminated product. The FDA isolated the outbreak strain of Salmonella Bredeney from implicated product collected at the firm and the environment of the firm's food production facility.
Conclusions.  Timely laboratory, investigational, and epidemiologic data led to the voluntary recall of PB by Company A. The FDA suspended Company A's food facility registration, prohibiting the firm from introducing food into interstate commerce. This outbreak underscores the need for effective preventive controls, including robust internal environmental monitoring programs, appropriate action in response to contamination findings, and an improved understanding of food safety at the managerial and corporate levels.
White Matter Microstructural Compromise Is Associated With Cognition But Not Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Military Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Sorg Scott F. , Schiehser Dawn M. , Bondi Mark W. , Luc Norman , Clark Alexandra L. , Jacobson Mark W. , Frank Lawrence R. , Delano-Wood Lisa 
Published: September 2015

Objective:
To investigate white matter microstructure compromise in Veterans with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its possible contribution to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and neuropsychological functioning via diffusion tensor imaging.

Participants and Methods:
Thirty-eight Veterans with mild (n = 33) and moderate (n = 5) TBI and 17 military control participants without TBI completed neuropsychological testing and psychiatric screening and underwent magnetic resonance imaging an average of 4 years following their TBI event(s). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and diffusivity measures were extracted from 9 white matter tracts.

Results:
Compared with military control participants, TBI participants reported higher levels of PTSD symptoms and performed worse on measures of memory and psychomotor-processing speed. Traumatic brain injury was associated with lower FA in the genu of the corpus callosum and left cingulum bundle. Fractional anisotropy negatively correlated with processing speed and/or executive functions in 7 of the 8 tracts. Regional FA did not correlate with memory or PTSD symptom ratings.

Conclusion:
Results suggest that current PTSD symptoms are independent of TBI-related white matter alterations, as measured by diffusion tensor imaging. In addition, white matter microstructural compromise may contribute to reduced processing speed in our sample of participants with history of neurotrauma. Findings of the current study add insight into the factors associated with complicated recovery from mild to moderate TBI.
Family factors and immigrant students’ academic achievement
Authors: Gong Xiaopeng , Marchant Gregory , Cheng Yinsheng 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of the paper is to examine the relationship between family-related factors and academic performance for Asian and Hispanic immigrant students.Design/methodology/approach– The study used data drawn from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study. Data were collected from second-generation immigrant students in forms of surveys. A total of 10th to 12th grade Asian (n=3,022) and Hispanic immigrant students (n=1,664) reported their family income, father’s and mother’ education, parents’ education aspiration for them, their own education aspiration, English proficiency, family cohesion, and parent-child conflict. Their school performance indicated by grade point average demonstrated in school records was also collected. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and regression techniques.Findings– Family income and parent-child conflict were identified as predictors of immigrant students’ grade point average. When regression analyses were conducted separately for Asian and Hispanic students, different patterns emerged. Family income and parent-child conflict predicted Hispanic immigrant students’ academic performance whereas parent education aspiration and family income predicted Asian immigrant students’ academic performance.Originality/value– The current study was among the first to examine how family emotional factors related to Asian and Hispanic immigrant students’ academic performance. The findings demonstrated some interesting patterns in terms of how different family-related factors contributed to the two immigrant student groups. It added to the existing literature about what distinguished Asian and Hispanic immigrant students’ academic achievement.
Intersections of gender, age and occupational group in the Finnish defence forces
Authors: Otonkorpi-Lehtoranta Katri , Leinonen Minna , Nikkanen Risto , Heiskanen Tuula 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Addressing the challenges expressed by organization researchers and Leslie McCall with her conceptual framework of intercategorical analysis, this paper contributes to the methodological debate on intersectionality. The purpose of this paper is to explore intersectionality on the organizational level in the Finnish defence forces (FDF). In the paper, the authors explore how the interactions between categories of gender, age, and position in the organization explain the concerns of employees in the changing military organization. Furthermore, the authors also investigate the types of intersectional mechanisms behind the empirical observations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The logistic regression analysis is based on a survey addressed to the whole salaried personnel in the FDF in 2011 (n=8,093, response rate being 54 per cent).

Findings
– In line with McCall’s (2005) intercategorical approach, the analysis shows that the plain examination of main effects of the variables will not suffice, but the interaction effects of the variables must also be examined. The analysis indicates that even though women in general experienced more concerns, gender does not alone explain the concerns expressed by the members of the FDF, but age and especially personnel group are significant in understanding configurations of positions in relation to the organizational change process.

Research limitations/implications
– The methodological limitation of the study is that although the data were large, it was not possible to conduct three-ways analysis, because of the size of some groups.

Originality/value
– The study offers a noteworthy addition to the rare research of practising intersectionality in the conceptual framework using quantitative methods.
Building a research data management service for the London school of hygiene
&
tropical medicine
Authors: Knight Gareth 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of work performed at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to set-up a Research Data Management Service and tailor it to the needs of health researchers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper describes the motivations for establishing the RDM Service and outlines the three objectives that were set to improve data management practice within the institution. Each of the objectives are explored in turn, stating how they were addressed.

Findings
– A university with limited resources can operate a RDM Service that pro-actively supports researchers wishing to manage research data by monitoring evolving support needs, identifying common trends and developing resources that will reduce the time investment needed. The institution-wide survey identified a need for guidance on developing data documentation and archiving research data following project completion. Analysis of ongoing support requests identifies a need for guidance on data management plans and complying with journal sharing requirements.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper provides a case study of a single institution. The results may not be generally applicable to universities that support other disciplines.

Practical implications
– The case study may be helpful in helping other universities to establish an RDM Service using limited resources.

Originality/value
– The paper outlines how the evolving data management needs of public health researchers can be identified and a strategy that can be adopted by an RDM Service to efficiently address these requirements.
Variability in academic research data management practices
Authors: Whitmire Amanda L. , Boock Michael , Sutton Shan C. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how knowledge of local research data management (RDM) practices critically informs the progressive development of research data services (RDS) after basic services have already been established.Design/methodology/approach– An online survey was distributed via e-mail to all university faculty in the fall of 2013, and was left open for just over one month. The authors sent two reminder e-mails before closing the survey. Survey data were downloaded from Qualtrics survey software and analyzed in R.Findings– In this paper, the authors reviewed a subset of survey findings that included data types, volume, and storage locations, RDM roles and responsibilities, and metadata practices. The authors found that Oregon State University (OSU) researchers are generating a wide variety of data types, and that practices vary between colleges. The authors discovered that faculty are not utilizing campus-wide storage infrastructure, and are maintaining their own storage servers in surprising numbers. Faculty-level research assistants perform the majority of data-related tasks at OSU, with the exception of data sharing, which is primarily handled by the professorial ranks. The authors found that many faculty on campus are creating metadata, but that there is a need to provide support in how to discover and create standardized metadata.Originality/value– This paper presents a novel example of how to efficiently move from establishing basic RDM services to providing more focussed services that meet specific local needs. It provides an approach for others to follow when tackling the difficult question of, “What next?” with regard to providing academic RDS.
Human Identification Using Automatic and Semi‐Automatically Detected Facial Marks
Authors: Srinivas Nisha , Flynn Patrick J. , Vorder Bruegge Richard W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractContinuing advancements in the field of digital cameras and surveillance imaging devices have led law enforcement and intelligence agencies to use analysis of images and videos for the investigation and prosecution of crime. When determining identity from photographic evidence, forensic analysts perform comparison of visible facial features manually, which is inefficient. In this study, we will address research efforts to use facial marks as biometric signatures to distinguish between individuals. We propose two systems to assist forensic analysts during photographic comparison: an improved multiscale facial mark system in which facial marks are detected automatically, and a semi‐automatic facial mark system that integrates human knowledge within the improved multiscale facial mark system. Experiment results employ a high‐resolution time‐elapsed dataset acquired at the University of Notre Dame between 2009 and 2011. The results indicate that the geometric distributions of facial mark patterns can be used to distinguish between individuals.
Brugia malayi cystatin therapeutically ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis in mice
Authors: Khatri Vishal , Amdare Nitin , Tarnekar Aaditya , Goswami Kalyan , Reddy Maryada Venkata Rami 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveHelminth immunomodulation in the host has been shown to have therapeutic implications in inflammatory bowel diseases. In this study we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Brugia malayi recombinant cystatin (rBmCys) in a dose‐dependent manner on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice.MethodsThe anti‐inflammatory activity of rBmCys on mice peritoneal exudate cells was initially analyzed in vitro. BALB/c mice were fed with 5% DSS for 7 days to induce colitis. The colitis mice were treated intraperitoneally with rBmCys (10, 25 or 50 µg for the three different groups of mice) on days 1, 3 and 5 of the DSS administration. Disease severity was assessed by the disease activity index (DAI) and macroscopic and histopathological scores of colon and myeloperoxidase activity in colonic mucosa. Cytokine profiles were measured in sera and cultured splenocytes of treated mice followed by stimulation with rBmCys.ResultsrBmCys showed anti‐inflammatory activity in vitro. Treatment of DSS‐induced colitis with rBmCys in mice ameliorated the overall disease severity as reflected by a significant reduction in weight loss, the DAI, mucosal edema, colon damage and myeloperoxidase activity of the colonic mucosa. While the mRNA expressions of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, interleukin (IL)‐5, IL‐6 and IL‐17 were downregulated, IL‐10 expression was upregulated in the splenocytes of colitis mice treated with rBmCys. The amelioration of DSS‐induced colitis occurred in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate an anti‐inflammatory potential of rBmCys and provide evidence for using this protein as a promising therapeutic agent in ulcerative colitis.
Inhibition of the regulator of G protein signalling RGS4 in the spinal cord decreases neuropathic hyperalgesia and restores cannabinoid CB1 receptor signalling
Authors: Bosier Barbara , Doyen Pierre J. , Brolet Amandine , Muccioli Giulio G. , Ahmed Eman , Desmet Nathalie , Hermans Emmanuel , Deumens Ronald 
Published: September 2015

Background and PurposeRegulators of G protein signalling (RGS) are major determinants of metabotropic receptor activity, reducing the lifespan of the GTP‐bound state of G proteins. Because the reduced potency of analgesic agents in neuropathic pain may reflect alterations in RGS, we assessed the effects of CCG 63802, a specific RGS4 inhibitor, on pain hypersensitivity and signalling through cannabinoid receptors, in a model of neuropathic pain.Experimental ApproachThe partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) model in male Sprague Dawley rats was used to measure paw withdrawal thresholds to mechanical (von Frey hairs) or thermal (Hargreaves method) stimuli, during and after intrathecal injection of CCG 63802. HEK293 cells expressing CB1 receptors and conditional expression of RGS4 were used to correlate cAMP production and ERK phosphorylation with receptor activation and RGS4 action.Key ResultsTreatment of PSNL rats with CCG 63802, twice daily for 7 days after nerve injury, attenuated thermal hyperalgesia during treatment. Spinal levels of anandamide were higher in PSNL animals, irrespective of the treatment. Although expression of CB1 receptors was unaffected, HU210‐induced CB1 receptor signalling was inhibited in PSNL rats and restored after intrathecal CCG 63802. In transfected HEK cells expressing CB1 receptors and RGS4, inhibition of cAMP production, a downstream effect of CB1 receptor signalling, was blunted after RGS4 overexpression. RGS4 expression also attenuated the CB1 receptor‐controlled activation of ERK1/2.Conclusions and ImplicationsInhibition of spinal RGS4 restored endogenous analgesic signalling pathways and mitigated neuropathic pain. Signalling through CB1 receptors may be involved in this beneficial effect