bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting personal: can systems medicine integrate scientific and humanistic conceptions of the patient?
Authors: Vogt Henrik , Ulvestad Elling , Eriksen Thor Eirik , Getz Linn 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe practicing doctor, and most obviously the primary care clinician who encounters the full complexity of patients, faces several fundamental but intrinsically related theoretical and practical challenges – strongly actualized by so‐called medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) and multi‐morbidity. Systems medicine, which is the emerging application of systems biology to medicine and a merger of molecular biomedicine, systems theory and mathematical modelling, has recently been proposed as a primary care‐centered strategy for medicine that promises to meet these challenges. Significantly, it has been proposed to do so in a way that at first glance may seem compatible with humanistic medicine. More specifically, it is promoted as an integrative, holistic, personalized and patient‐centered approach. In this article, we ask whether and to what extent systems medicine can provide a comprehensive conceptual account of and approach to the patient and the root causes of health problems that can be reconciled with the concept of the patient as a person, which is an essential theoretical element in humanistic medicine.MethodsWe answer this question through a comparative analysis of the theories of primary care doctorEricCassell and systems biologistDenisNoble.Results and conclusionsWe argue that, although systems biological concepts, notablyNoble's theory of biological relativity and downward causation, are highly relevant for understanding human beings and health problems, they are nevertheless insufficient in fully bridging the gap to humanistic medicine. Systems biologists are currently unable to conceptualize living wholes, and seem unable to account for meaning, value and symbolic interaction, which are central concepts in humanistic medicine, as constraints on human health. Accordingly, systems medicine as currently envisioned cannot be said to be integrative, holistic, personalized or patient‐centered in a humanistic medical sense.
Health care frames – from Virchow to Obama and beyond
Authors: Sturmberg Joachim P. , O'Halloran Di , Colagiuri Ruth , Fernandez Ana , Lukersmith Sue , Torkfar Ghazal , Salvador‐Carulla Luis 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRationale, aims, objectives and MethodsFraming allows us to highlight some aspects of an issue, thereby bringing them to the forefront of our thinking, talking and acting. As a consequence, framing also distracts our attention away from other issues. Over time, health care has used various frames to explain its activities. This paper traces the emergence of various health care frames since the 1850s to better understand how we reached current ways of thinking and practicing.Results and ConclusionsThe succession of the most prominent frames can be summarized as: medicine as a social science; the germ theory of disease; health care as a battleground (or the war metaphor); managing health care resources (or the market metaphor); Health for All (the social justice model); evidence‐based medicine; and Obama Care. The focus of these frames is causal, instrumental, political/economic or social in nature. All remain relevant; however, recycling individual past frames in response to current problems will not achieve the outcomes we seek. Placing the individual and his/her needs at the centre (the attractor for the health system) of our thinking, as emphasized by the World Health Organization's International Classification of Function framework and the European Society of Person Centered Health Care, may provide the frame to refocus health and health care as interdependent experiences across individual, community and societal domains. Shifting beyond the entrenched instrumental and economic thinking will be challenging but necessary for the sake of patients, health professionals, society and the economy.
Evaluation of early response to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma using the combination of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and tumor markers
Authors: Miyaki Daisuke , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Aikata Hiroshi , Kan Hiromi , Fujino Hatsue , Fukuhara Takayuki , Kobayashi Tomoki , Naeshiro Noriaki , Honda Yohji , Tsuge Masataka , Hiramatsu Akira , Imamura Michio , Hyogo Hideyuki , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Yoshimatsu Rika , Yamagami Takuji , Awai Kazuo , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimTo assess the early response and outcome of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsOne hundred sixty‐five HCC patients treated with HAIC were reviewed retrospectively. The early response to one course of HAIC treatment was evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and changes in α‐fetoprotein (AFP) and des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP).ResultsThe median survival time (MST) for all patients was 9.5 months. The early imaging response by RECIST was assessed as partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) in 32 (19.3%), 86 (52.1%), and 47 (28.4%) patients, respectively. Survival correlated with early imaging response (MST in PR, 20.6; SD, 11.4; PD, 5.0 months; P < 0.0001). The MST was also significantly different in patients with AFP ratio of ≤ 1 or > 1 and DCP ratio of ≤ 1 or > 1 (worst MST, 6.5 months in patients with AFP ratio of > 1 and DCP ratio of > 1). Among patients with SD early imaging response, patients with AFP ratio of > 1 and DCP ratio of > 1 had significantly poorer survival than others (MST 7.4 vs 12.6 months, P = 0.014). The decrease in AFP and DCP in the early stage treatment with HAIC were identified as significant and independent factors associated with survival of not only all patients, but also patients with SD early imaging response.ConclusionThe use of the combination of RECIST and tumor marker ratio could be useful for assessment of the early response to HAIC and prognosis of patients with advanced HCC.
Nuclear diacylglycerol lipase‐α in rat brain cortical neurons: evidence of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol production in concert with phospholipase C‐β activity
Authors: García del Caño Gontzal , Aretxabala Xabier , González‐Burguera Imanol , Montaña Mario , López de Jesús Maider , Barrondo Sergio , Barrio Ramón J. , Sampedro Carmen , Goicolea M. Arantzazu , Sallés Joan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this report, we describe the localization of diacylglycerol lipase‐α (DAGLα) in nuclei from adult cortical neurons, as assessed by double‐immunofluorescence staining of rat brain cortical sections and purified intact nuclei and by western blot analysis of subnuclear fractions. Double‐labeling assays using the anti‐DAGLα antibody and NeuN combined with Hoechst staining showed that only nuclei of neuronal origin were DAGLα positive. At high resolution, DAGLα‐signal displayed a punctate pattern in nuclear subdomains poor in Hoechst's chromatin and lamin B1 staining. In contrast, SC‐35‐ and NeuN‐signals (markers of the nuclear speckles) showed a high overlap with DAGLα within specific subdomains of the nuclear matrix. Among the members of the phospholipase C‐β (PLCβ) family, PLCβ1, PLCβ2, and PLCβ4 exhibited the same distribution with respect to chromatin, lamin B1, SC‐35, and NeuN as that described for DAGLα. Furthermore, by quantifying the basal levels of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), and by characterizing the pharmacology of its accumulation, we describe the presence of a mechanism for 2‐AG production, and its PLCβ/DAGLα‐dependent biosynthesis in isolated nuclei. These results extend our knowledge about subcellular distribution of neuronal DAGLα, providing biochemical grounds to hypothesize a role for 2‐AG locally produced within the neuronal nucleus.
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We report that phosphatidylinositol‐phospholipase C (PtdIns‐PLC) and diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) activities are co‐compartmentalized in isolated adult cortical neuronal nuclei, leading to a nuclear‐localized production of the endocannabinoid 2‐AG. Our results provide biochemical grounds to hypothesize a role for 2‐AG locally produced within the neuronal nucleus. 2‐AG, 2‐arachidonoylglycerol; AA, arachidonic acid; ABHD6, α‐β‐hydrolase domain‐6; COX‐2, cyclooxygenase‐2; DAGK, diacylglycerol kinase; DAGs, diacylglycerols; LPP, lipid phosphate phosphatase; MAGL, monoacylglycerol lipase; NAM, N‐arachidonoylmaleimide; PA, phosphatidic acid; PGG2‐G, prostaglandin G2‐glycerol; PLD, phospholipase D; PtdCho, phosphatidylcholine; PtdInsP2, phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate; THL, tetrahydrolipstatin.
Evidence and the Practice of Prosthodontics: 20 Years after EBD Introduction
Authors: Carr Alan B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractProsthodontics has a rich history related to the principles embedded in evidence‐based health care. This paper reviews the evidence‐based prosthodontics activity over the past 3 decades. It also discusses the impact of health care reform on evidence‐based medicine as it relates to broader context of care outcomes. Finally, the value associated with an Evidence Stewardship emphasis in prosthodontics is presented. This emphasis suggests that combining evidence from clinical trials with evidence from clinical practice environments best equips clinicians for the management of patients in the future. Adoption of a strategic Evidence Stewardship direction is an extended commitment to change that recognizes health care reform aims and seeks to be an accountable provider group in the broader health care arena. The vision to form a representative network of prosthodontic practitioners that augments a commitment to Cochrane “clinical trial” data demonstrates a responsibility to professional transparency about who we are, adds value for patients and oral health care providers, impacts teachers and students in dental education, and provides a measure of care accountability unique in dentistry.
Using a Porcelain Furnace to Debond Cement‐Retained Implant Crown from the Abutment after Screw Fracture: A Clinical Report
Authors: Saponaro Paola C. , Heshmati Reza H. , Lee Damian J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWhen a screw fracture occurs on a cement‐retained, implant‐supported restoration, the abutment and restoration are completely separated from the implant's internal connection. Traditionally, an access hole is drilled through the crown to retrieve the broken screw, and the restoration can be placed again as a screw‐retained restoration. This clinical report documents a patient whose broken abutment screw was retrieved from the restoration by burning off the cement and separating from the abutment without drilling an access hole.
FIRM SIZES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: ESTIMATING LONG‐TERM EFFECTS ON U.S. COUNTY GROWTH, 1990–2000
Authors: Komarek Timothy , Loveridge Scott 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the role of the business size distribution on income and employment growth in U.S. counties from 1990 to 2000. We measure the business size distribution as the share of employees across nine establishment size categories that range from microfirms (one to four employees) to large firms (1,000+ employees) and using three indices similar to a Gini coefficient. Results show that the business size distribution has a significant impact on county‐level growth patterns. Employment shares in small firms increase employment growth, but decrease income growth. One possible conclusion suggests policies emphasizing small firms and entrepreneurship during times of high unemployment.
The Formation of Tie Strength in a Strategic Alliance's First New Product Development Project: The Influence of Project and Partners' Characteristics
Authors: Badir Yuosre F. , O'Connor Gina Colarelli 
Published: October 2014

This paper draws on theories of interorganizational learning, social networks, and transaction cost economics to investigate the formation of tie strength between first‐time alliance partners. It focuses on a strategic alliance's first new product development (NPD) project, which is characterized by a lack of prior experience and insufficient trust between partners and explores how the interaction between (1) interorganizational learning (the “degree” [amount of knowledge shared] and “type” [tacit or explicit nature of the knowledge]); (2) the required communication (“frequency level” and “degree of media‐richness”) to transfer and exchange knowledge; and (3) economic transaction considerations (reducing cost and avoiding opportunism), in highly uncertain and dynamic environments, and, in the absence of an assumption of trust, will determine the future strength of the ties between partners.We argue that the “degree” and “type” of interorganizational learning that are required to efficiently develop an alliance's first NPD project determine the strength of the ties between the partners. Each “degree and type” of learning has a different impact on the frequency and media richness of the partners' communication, and consequently each leads to a different level of social tie strength between the partners. This relationship is moderated by the partners' market overlap.We suggest that the required “degree and type” of interorganizational learning is contingent on the project characteristics (degree of innovation; “radical versus incremental,” and the mode of development; “modular versus integrated”). This relationship, however, is moderated by the partners' technical skills (complementary versus similar).
Ailadinium reticulatumgen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a New Thecate, Marine, Sand‐Dwelling Dinoflagellate from the NorthernRedSea
Authors: Saburova Maria , Chomérat Nicolas 
Published: October 2014

A new photosynthetic, sand‐dwelling marine dinoflagellate,Ailadinium reticulatumgen. et sp. nov., is described fromthe Jordanian coast in theGulf ofAqaba, northernRedSea, based on detailed morphological and molecular data.A. reticulatumis a large (53–61 μm long and 38–48 μm wide), dorsoventrally compressed species, with the epitheca smaller than the hypotheca. The theca of this new species is thick and peculiarly ornamented with round to polygonal depressions forming a foveate‐reticulate thecal surface structure. TheKofoidian thecal tabulation isAPC(Po, cp), 4′, 2a, 6′′, 6c, 4s, 6′′′, 1p, 1′′′′ or alternatively it can be interpreted asAPC, 4′, 2a, 6′′, 6c, 4s, 6′′′, 2′′′′. The plate pattern ofA. reticulatumis noticeably different from described dinoflagellate genera. Phylogenetic analyses based on theSSU and LSU rDNAgenes did not show any supported affinities with currently known thecate dinoflagellates.
Cellular organelles facilitate dimerization of a newly identified Arf from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Ranjan Peeyush , Kashyap Rudra Shankar , Goel Manisha , Veetil Sindhu Kandoth , Kateriya Suneel 
Published: October 2014

GTPases of the Ras superfamily regulate a wide variety of cellular processes including vesicular transport and various secretory pathways of the cell. ADP – ribosylation factor (ARF) belongs to one of the five major families of the Ras superfamily and serves as an important component of vesicle formation and transport machinery of the cells. The binding of GTP to these Arfs and its subsequent hydrolysis, induces conformational changes in these proteins leading to their enzymatic activities. The dimeric form of Arf is associated with membrane pinch‐off during vesicle formation. In this report, we have identified an arf gene from the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, CrArf, and showed that the oligomeric state of the protein in C. renhardtii is modulated by the cellular membrane environment of the organism. Protein cross‐linking experiments showed that the purified recombinant CrArf has the ability to form a dimer. Both the 20‐kDa monomeric and 40‐kDa dimeric forms of CrArf were recognized from Chlamydomonas total cell lysate (CrTLC) and purified recombinant CrArf by the CrArf specific antibody. The membranous environment of the cell appeared to facilitate dimerization of the CrArf, as dimeric form was found exclusively associated with the membrane bound organelles. The subcellular localization studies in Chlamydomonas suggested that CrArf mainly localized in the cytosol and was mislocalized in vesicle transport machinery inhibitor treated cells. This research sheds light on the importance of the cellular membrane environment for regulating the oligomeric state of CrArf protein in this organism and associated functional role.
Pigment composition and photoacclimation as keys to the ecological success of Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae, Stramenopiles)
Authors: Sassenhagen Ingrid , Rengefors Karin , Richardson Tammi L. , Pinckney James L. 
Published: October 2014

Aquatic habitats are usually structured by light attenuation with depth resulting in different microalgal communities, each one adapted to a certain light regime by their specific pigment composition. Several taxa contain pigments restricted to one phylogenetic group, making them useful as marker pigments in phytoplankton community studies. The nuisance and invasive freshwater microalga Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae) is mainly found in brown water lakes with sharp vertical gradients in light intensity and color. However, its pigment composition and potential photoadaptations have not been comprehensively studied. We analyzed the photopigment composition of 12 genetically different strains of G. semen by high performance liquid chromatography after acclimation to different light conditions. We confirmed the pigments chl a, chl c1c2, diadinoxanthin, trans‐neoxanthin, cis‐neoxanthin, α and β carotene, which have already been reported for G. semen. In addition, we identified, for the first time, the pigments violaxan‐thin, zeaxanthin, and alloxanthin in this species. Alloxanthin has never been observed in raphidophytes before, suggesting differences in evolutionary plastid acquisition between freshwater lineages and the well‐described marine species. The amount of total chl a per cell generally decreased with increasing light intensity. In contrast, the increasing ratios of the prominent pigments diadinoxanthin and alloxanthin per chl a with light intensity suggest photoprotective functions. In addition, we found significant variation in cell‐specific pigment concentration among strains, grouped by lake of origin, which might correspond to genetic differences between strains and populations.
Triple immunosuppressive therapy in steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome children with tacrolimus resistance or tacrolimus sensitivity but frequently relapsing
Authors: Wu Boying , Mao Jianhua , Shen Huijun , Fu Haidong , Wang Jingjing , Liu Aimin , Gu Weizhong , Shu Qiang , Du Lizhong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe treatment strategy for steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome remains uncertain at present, especially in those with calcineurin inhibitor resistance or intolerance. To date, few studies have been published using multiple combination therapy of immunosuppressive reagents for children with calcineurin inhibitor‐resistant or ‐intolerant nephrotic syndrome.MethodsEighteen consecutive children with steroid‐ and tacrolimus (TAC)‐resistant (n = 10) or TAC‐sensitive but frequent relapsing nephrotic syndrome (n = 8) were randomly recruited in the present study. All of them received further triple‐combination therapy by cyclophosphamide (CTX, n = 6), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, n = 5) or leflunomide (LEF, n = 7). Their clinical data were collected and efficacy of triple‐combination therapy was evaluated.ResultsCompared with previous double‐combination therapy of prednisone (Pre) and TAC, the short‐term remission rate in all 18 patients was significantly improved after the triple‐combination therapy, while the frequent relapse rate in the following 12 months was also significantly decreased. Among three different subgroups with CTX, MMF or LEF therapy, no significant difference was found in short‐term remission rate and the relapse rate within 1 year follow up by Kaplan–Meier plot.ConclusionTriple‐combination therapy with Pre + TAC + CTX/MMF/LEF is effective for short‐term response and 1 year remission, without significant additional side‐effects seen in children with steroid‐resistant and tacrolimus‐resistant or tacrolimus‐sensitive but frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome. Further study for evaluating long‐term efficacy and safety of triple‐combination therapy with Pre + TAC + CTX/MMF/LEF would be necessary for these patients.
Faba bean forisomes can function in defence against generalist aphids
Authors: MEDINA‐ORTEGA KARLA J. , WALKER GREGORY P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPhloem sieve elements have shut‐off mechanisms that prevent loss of nutrient‐rich phloem sap when the phloem is damaged. Some phloem proteins such as the proteins that form forisomes in legume sieve elements are one such mechanism and in response to damage, they instantly form occlusions that stop the flow of sap. It has long been hypothesized that one function of phloem proteins is defence against phloem sap‐feeding insects such as aphids. This study provides the first experimental evidence that aphid feeding can induce phloem protein occlusion and that the aphid‐induced occlusions inhibit phloem sap ingestion. The great majority of phloem penetrations in Vicia faba by the generalist aphids Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae triggered forisome occlusion and the aphids eventually withdrew their stylets without ingesting phloem sap. This contrasts starkly with a previous study on the legume‐specialist aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, where penetration of faba bean sieve elements did not trigger forisome occlusion and the aphids readily ingested phloem sap. Next, forisome occlusion was demonstrated to be the cause of failed phloem ingestion attempts by M. persicae: when occlusion was inhibited by the calcium channel blocker lanthanum, M. persicae readily ingested faba bean phloem sap.
The World Transplant Games: An incentive to improve physical fitness and habitual activity in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Deliva Robin D. , Patterson Catherine , So Stephanie , Pellow Vanessa , Miske Stephanie , McLister Carol , Manlhiot Cedric , Pollock‐BarZiv Stacey , Drabble Alison , Dipchand Anne I. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis prospective, interventional study examined the impact of training for the WTG on levels of health‐related physical fitness and habitual activity in a cohort of pediatric SOT recipients. Physical fitness (FitnessGram®) and habitual activity (HAES) measures were performed on participants (n = 19) in the WTG and compared to non‐participant controls (n = 14) prior to and following the WTG. Pre‐WTG exercise training was provided to participants. Participants demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in their habitual weekday (6.1 ± 1.7 to 8.5 ± 1.9 h; p = 0.002) and weekend (6.3 ± 2.6 to 8.4 ± 2.5 h; p = 0.01) activity over the training period, while controls improved weekday activity only (6.3 ± 2.0 to 8.3 ± 2.1 h; p = 0.05. Weekend activity: 7.7 ± 2.7 to 8.3 ± 2.3 h; p = 0.68). Participants demonstrated a non‐statistical improvement in select physical fitness parameters; however, a greater number of participants achieved healthy criterion standards for cardiovascular fitness (2 vs. 1), abdominal strength (5 vs. 3), and upper body strength (7 vs. 3) following training and participating in the WTG. The WTG can provide a positive incentive for greater levels of physical activity and promote improvements in physical fitness levels. Further study is needed to examine long‐term impact on lifestyle changes and health outcomes.