bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastronomy: an approach to studying food
Authors: Maberly Charlotte , Reid Donald 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to outline the curriculum of the UK’s first MSc in Gastronomy. The programme supports an interdisciplinary approach to understanding food not yet commonly found in academia or beyond. However, it is increasingly recognized that such a perspective, as fostered by the MSc Gastronomy, may be key in effectively addressing complex contemporary problems within food culture and food systems.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a viewpoint paper that explains the rationale behind the chosen definition of Gastronomy, the context that inspired creation of the programme, an outline of the programme structure and justification of content.

Findings
– The underpinning philosophy stems from a conviction that to address problems of corrupt food systems and problematic societal foodways, a more comprehensive understanding of food is needed. The programme seeks to cultivate this with a truly interdisciplinary approach to the study of food culture and food systems. This approach is recognized as an underrepresented area in academia where the study of food currently tends to be compartmentalized; a reductionist approach also mirrored within politics, commerce and our everyday lives. The MSc Gastronomy investigates how to foster and make commonplace, a more holistic and realistic understanding of food.

Originality/value
– The MSc Gastronomy has been shaped by an understanding that a more comprehensive knowledge of food is required if contemporary problems within the food system are to be effectively addressed. To achieve this, the programme adopts an interdisciplinary approach to studying food only upheld by a small number of other academic institutions. It is the first of its kind in the UK, responding most closely to the specific cultural and political dynamics of Scotland’s food culture.
Stimulus-based inferences about the scientific substantiation of health claims on food
Authors: V. Dobrenova Fanny , Terlutter Ralf , Grabner-Kräuter Sonja 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine the effects of qualifying language, functional ingredient, ingredient familiarity and inferences of manipulative intent (IMI) on the likelihood that consumers make stimulus-based inferences about the level of scientific support for health claims on food.

Design/methodology/approach
– An advertisement copy test for a fictitious product bearing a caries risk-reduction claim has been conducted. The test design comprises three claim conditions, each corresponding to one of the sufficient levels of support for nutrient-health relations within the World Health Organization (WHO)-framework.

Findings
– The claim conditions have affected the likelihood of making stimulus-based inferences, which is lower for high-level-of-support claims as opposed to low-level-of-support and moderate-level-of-support claims. No effect of ingredient familiarity has been observed. The effect of the functional ingredient featured is significant at the 10 per cent-level. IMI has a negative effect on the likelihood of making a stimulus-based inference.

Research limitations/implications
– The survey relies on a demographically homogeneous sample.

Practical implications
– Examining the likelihood of stimulus-based inferences about health claim substantiation is essential for assessing the effectiveness of claim formulations and for addressing resulting miscommunication.

Originality/value
– The current paper addresses the research gap on consumer ability to identify the level of support for health claims within the European context.
Culinary-gastronomic tourism – a search for local food experiences
Authors: Björk Peter , Kauppinen-Räisänen Hannele 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to focus on travellers’ perceptions of culinary-gastronomic sensations as experiences and how these relate to the locality. The aim of the study is to explore the factors that contribute to travellers’ culinary-gastronomic dining experiences with an emphasis on the local food markets.

Design/methodology/approach
– One-hundred and fifty-eight prospective travelers at an annual fair in Helsinki completed a self-administered survey questionnaire. On the questionnaire, the respondents were asked to rate the importance of 17 items related to eating and food experiences when deciding on a destination for their next leisure trip.

Findings
– The findings reveal a frequency distribution of the sample characteristics and travel behavior, the respondents’ use of food and eating experiences as evaluative criteria when choosing travel destinations and latent factors of food and eating experiences. Based on an explorative factor analysis using a varimax abstraction method, the study concludes that eating and food experiences are influenced by the overall service (i.e. the food and where it is served and the dining setting and how it is served). The factors show that culinary-gastronomic food experiences are founded on local, original and authentic food that represents the local food culture.

Practical implications
– The study attempts to provide insights into aspects to consider for promotional activities related to local food and, ultimately, as a means for destination branding. The Finnish sample has a casual attitude to food, where new but also rather mundane experiences are sought. Accordingly, slow food preparation and atmospherics contribute to local food experiences that may lure travelers to revisit certain locations.

Originality/value
– Local food as a means of culinary-gastronomic sensations deserves scholarly attention, as many questions related to its consumption by tourists remain unanswered. Accordingly, the topic of the current study is truly timely and this research contributes by studying a rather unchartered issue.
The relationship between stock prices and exchange rates in Asian markets
Authors: Billah Dar Arif , Shah Aasif , Bhanja Niyati , Samantaraya Amaresh 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to estimate the relationship between stock prices and exchange rates of eight Asian countries. The analysis is based on methodologies that possess the ability to provide a complete representation of data series from both time and frequency perspectives simultaneously. In addition, instead of limiting the analysis to focus on the conditional mean of the response variable y in the regression equation, the authors investigate the extremes of distribution to reveal a range of hidden relationships between these variables.

Design/methodology/approach
– Given the limitations of classical methodology of Pearson correlation and least-squares regression, this study estimates the relationship between stock prices and exchange rates through wavelet correlation and cross-correlation to serve as a protocol for different traders who view the market with different time resolutions. In addition, quantile regression technique robust to heteroscedasticity, skewness and leptokurtosis is used to understand the relationship between stock prices and a specified quantile of the exchange rates.

Findings
– In accordance with the portfolio balance effect, it is observed that stock prices and exchange rates are negatively correlated at all frequencies. In particular, the negative correlation grows with higher time scales (lower frequency intervals). The findings from quantile regression also suggest that the coefficients are more inclined to be negative when exchange rates are extremely high.

Originality value
– The paper contributes to the literature by focussing on the multi-scale relationship between stock prices and exchange rates. In addition, it also analyzes the relationship between stock prices and a specified quantile of the exchange rates.
The Possibilities and Limitations of Forensic Hand Comparison
Authors: Slot Ana , Geradts Zeno J.M.H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOn recordings of certain crimes, the face is not always shown. In such cases, hands can offer a solution, if they are completely visible. An important aspect of this study was to develop a method for hand comparison. The research method was based on the morphology, anthropometry, and biometry of hands. A new aspect of this study was that a manual and automated test were applied, which, respectively, assess many features and provide identification rates quickly. An important observation was that good quality images can provide sufficient hand details. The most distinctive features were the length/width ratio, the palm line pattern and the quantity of highly distinctive features present, and how they are distributed. The results indicate that experience did not improve the identification rates, while the manual test did. Intra‐observer variability did not influence the results, whereas hands of relatives were frequently misjudged. Both tests provided high identification rates.
Meta‐analysis shows that infants who have suffered neonatal sepsis face an increased risk of mortality and severe complications
Authors: Bakhuizen Sabine E. , de Haan Timo R. , Teune Margreet J. , van Wassenaer‐Leemhuis Aleid G. , van der Heyden Jantien L. , van der Ham David P. , Mol Ben Willem J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInfants suffering from neonatal sepsis face an increased risk of early death and long‐term neurodevelopmental delay. This paper analyses and summarises the existing data on short‐term and long‐term outcomes of neonatal sepsis, based on 12 studies published between January 2000 and 1 April 2012 and covering 3669 neonates with sepsis.ConclusionInfants who have suffered neonatal sepsis face an increased risk of mortality and severe complications such as brain damage and, or, neurodevelopmental delay.
Risk factors for polyuria in a cross‐section of community psychiatric lithium‐treated patients
Authors: Kinahan James Conor , NiChorcorain Aoife , Cunningham Sean , Freyne Aideen , Cooney Colm , Barry Siobhan , Kelly Brendan D 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesPolyuria increases the risk of dehydration and lithium toxicity in lithium‐treated patients. Risk factors have been inconsistently described and the variance of this adverse effect remains poorly understood. This study aimed to establish independent risk factors for polyuria in a community, secondary‐level lithium‐treated sample of patients.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of the lithium‐treated patients attending a general adult and an old age psychiatry service. Participants completed a 24‐hour urine collection. Urine volume and the presence of polyuria were the outcomes of interest. The relationship between outcome and the participant's demographic and clinical characteristics was explored with univariable and multivariable analysis.ResultsA total of 122 participants were included in the analysis, with 38% being diagnosed with polyuria. Female gender and increased body weight independently predicted the presence of polyuria (standardized regression coefficient 1.01 and 0.94, respectively; p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively). Female gender and increased body weight, lithium dose, and duration of lithium treatment independently predicted higher 24‐hour urine volumes (standardized regression coefficients 0.693, p < 0.0005; 0.791, p < 0.0005; 0.276, p = 0.043; 0.181, p = 0.034, respectively). Of three different weight metrics, lean body weight was the most predictive.ConclusionsFemale gender and increased body weight explain part of the variance of this adverse effect. Both risk factors offer fresh insights into the pathophysiology of this potentially reversible and dangerous adverse effect of lithium treatment. Future research should focus on understanding the differences between the genders and between different body compositions in terms of lithium pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Effects of blood transfusion on cytokine profile and pulmonary function in patients with thalassemia major
Authors: Gülhan Bora , Yalçın Ebru , Ünal Şule , Oğuz Berna , Özçelik Uğur , Ersöz Deniz Doğru , Gümrük Fatma , Kiper Nural 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsThalassemia major (TM) is characterized by abnormal hemoglobin synthesis, which results in decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues, ineffective erythropoiesis and iron overload. The purpose of this study was to find out the predominant type of lung mechanical abnormalities in TM patients, the prevalence of the change in pulmonary diffusing capacity and to search the association of cytokines with pulmonary function tests (PFTs).MethodsTM patients (n = 26) who were on regular transfusion program were included in the study. Pretransfusional and posttransfusional PFTs were performed. Before transfusion, blood samples were collected for complete blood count, serum ferritin, zinc, transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), interleukin (IL)‐8 and IL‐10 levels.ResultsObstructive lung pattern was the predominant pulmonary sequela. Male gender was the main risk factor for pulmonary function abnormality. Because of very low values, serum IL‐10 levels of all patients were undetectable, and serum IL‐8 levels could be measured only in six patients. Median serum IL‐8 level was higher in patients with abnormal PFT. Pretransfusional single breath diffusion of carbon monoxide (DLCO) correlated negatively with serum TGF‐β1 and ferritin levels. After transfusion, there was a statistically significant decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity, and airway conductance but significant increase in DLCO.ConclusionsAlthough they are mostly asymptomatic, TM patients have important PFT abnormalities. Blood transfusion may have an acute deleterious effect on pulmonary functions. The disturbed pulmonary functions were found to correlate with IL‐8 and TGF‐β levels. Relations of different cytokines with different PFT parameters suggest that the immune system is effective pulmonary dysfunction.
Dermatologische Pharmakotherapie bei geriatrischen Patienten
Authors: Kratzsch Dorothea , Treudler Regina 
Published: July 2014

ZusammenfassungDer demographische Wandel in unserer Gesellschaft führt zu einer Zunahme des Anteils alter Menschen. Die mit dem Alter einhergehende Multimorbidität resultiert häufig in einer Polypharmakotherapie, die das Risiko für unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen birgt. Im Alter kommt es zu entscheidenden Veränderungen der Pharmakokinetik und ‐dynamik, allen voran einer Abnahme des Körperwassers, einem veränderten Verhältnis von Muskel‐ zu Fettgewebe und einer reduzierten Nierenfunktion. Zudem konnten Veränderungen der Magen‐Darm‐Passage, der Plasmaproteinbindung, der hepatischen Metabolisierung und eine erhöhte Anfälligkeit für Medikamenten‐induzierte kognitive Störungen nachgewiesen werden. All dies muss bei der dermatologischen Pharmakotherapie im Alter berücksichtigt werden, um iatrogene Komplikationen durch Über‐ oder Unterdosierung und Arzneimittelinteraktionen zu minimieren.
Long‐term irrigation effects on soil organic matter under temperate grazed pasture
Authors: Condron L. M. , Hopkins D. W. , Gregorich E. G. , Black A. , Wakelin S. A. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIrrigation of grazed pasture significantly increases plant and animal production, which may in turn increase soil organic carbon (SOC), depending on the balance between primary production and below‐ground allocation of C on the one hand, and the decomposition and export of C from the soil on the other. To evaluate the effect of irrigation on SOC we sampled a grazed pasture field experiment maintained under different irrigation treatments for 62 years. The dry‐land treatment in this experiment only received rainfall at an average of 740 mm year−1. The 10 and 20% irrigation treatments involved application of 100 mm of irrigation when the soil reached 10 and 20% gravimetric moisture content, respectively. The 10 and 20% irrigation treatments received average total annual irrigation inputs of 260 and 770 mm year−1, respectively. The 10 and 20% irrigation treatments increased pasture production by 44 and 74%, respectively, compared with that from the dry‐land. Analysis of soils taken to 1‐m depth revealed that amounts of SOC were not significantly different between the dry‐land (125.5 Mg ha−1) and 10% irrigation (117.8 Mg ha−1) treatments, but these were significantly greater than the 20% irrigation treatment (93.0 Mg ha−1). At 50–100 cm, SOC was also less (34%) for the 20% irrigation treatment than for the 10% irrigation treatment. The relative quantities of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the light fraction (LF) at all soil depths decreased successively from dry‐land to the 20% irrigation treatment, suggesting that wetter soil conditions accelerated decomposition of the LF fraction, a comparatively labile SOC fraction. The C‐to‐N ratio of the bulk soil was also less for the 20% irrigation treatment, indicating more decomposed SOM in the irrigated than in the dry‐land treatment. There were no significant differences in the microbial biomass between the three different irrigation treatments, but the respiration rate (CO2 production) of soil organisms in the 20% irrigation treatment was consistently greater than in the other two treatments. It was concluded that large increases in plant productivity as a result of irrigation had either no effect or significantly reduced SOC stocks under grazed pasture. The reduced SOC content observed in the 20% irrigation treatment was attributed to a combination of increased C losses in animal products and drainage associated with greater stocking, together with accelerated decomposition of organic C resulting from elevated soil moisture maintained throughout the growing season.
Transmission route and genotype of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in children in Japan between 1976 and 2010: A retrospective, multicenter study
Authors: Komatsu Haruki , Inui Ayano , Fujisawa Tomoo , Takano Tomoko , Tajiri Hitoshi , Murakami Jun , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi 
Published: July 2014

AimThe aim of this study was to clarify the trends of the infectious source of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the HBV genotype in the Japanese pediatric population over the last three decades.MethodsThe present study was a retrospective, nationwide, multicenter study. Patients who were under 20 years of age when diagnosed with chronic HBV infection were eligible for enrollment in this study. A total of 430 patients (male/female, 256/174; age at the time of writing, 1–37 years; median age, 14 years; birth year, 1976–2010) from 11 hospitals were evaluated.ResultsThe incidence of chronic HBV infection from 1976 to 1980, 1981–1985, 1986–1990, 1991–1995, 1996–2000, 2001–2005 and 2006–2010 was 56, 52, 34, 37, 81, 92 and 78, respectively. Of the 430 patients, 304 (71%), 61 (14%), 11 (3%) and 54 (13%) were infected via mother‐to‐child transmission, close contact, blood transfusion and unknown source, respectively. After the introduction of perinatal immunoprophylaxis, the rate of mother‐to‐child transmission increased from 62% during the 1991–1995 period to 86% during the 2006–2010 period. The distributions of genotypes A, B, C, D and F were 3%, 9%, 86%, 2% and 1%, respectively. No obvious change was observed in the distribution of genotypes. Genotype C was significantly associated with mother‐to‐child transmission.ConclusionMother‐to‐child transmission remains the primary source of chronic HBV infection after the introduction of immunoprophylaxis. Taking measures to prevent immunoprophylaxis failure is essential to reduce pediatric chronic HBV infection in Japan.
Slight elevation of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein to predict recurrence and survival in patients with early stage hepatitis C‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fujiwara Naoto , Tateishi Ryosuke , Nakagawa Hayato , Nakagomi Ryo , Kondo Mayuko , Minami Tatsuya , Sato Masaya , Uchino Koji , Enooku Kenichiro , Kondo Yuji , Asaoka Yoshinari , Shiina Shuichiro , Yoshida Haruhiko , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2014

AimHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with chronic inflammation derived from various origins. We investigated whether high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) could predict recurrence and survival after curative treatment for early stage hepatitis C virus‐related HCC (C‐HCC).MethodsWe enrolled 387 patients with three or fewer C‐HCC nodules, none of which exceeded 3 cm, and of Child–Pugh class A or B who underwent radiofrequency ablation. We divided the patients into high and low hsCRP groups based on the optimal cut‐off value for recurrence using a split‐sample method and maximally selected rank statistics. Differences in recurrence and survival rates were evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method and the log–rank test. Hazard ratios of hsCRP were adjusted with confounding factors using a multiple Cox regression model. We also assessed the correlations between hsCRP levels and clinical parameters.ResultsThe optimal hsCRP cut‐off value was 0.08 mg/dL. The cumulative recurrence rates after 5 years in the high and low hsCRP groups were 90.0% and 82.2%, respectively (P = 0.028), and the corresponding survival rates were 50.9% and 71.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). Higher hsCRP was an independent predictor for recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.67; P = 0.026) and survival (aHR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.14–2.22; P = 0.007). hsCRP was correlated with central obesity as well as tumor burden and liver dysfunction.ConclusionSlight elevation of the hsCRP level, even within the normal range, can predict recurrence and survival after curative treatment among patients with early stage C‐HCC.
Huntingtin interacting protein 1 as a histopathologic adjunct in the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Marghalani Siham , Feller John Kyle , Mahalingam Meera , Mirzabeigi Marjan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundHuntington interacting protein 1 (HIP1), an antiapoptotic protein normally expressed in the brain, is highly expressed in Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs). Given this, the aim of the current study was to ascertain the value of HIP1 as a histopathologic adjunct in the diagnosis of MCC.MethodsIn this retrospective study, archival material from 26 cases with a diagnosis of MCC and/or neuroendocrine carcinoma were retrieved from the pathology files of the Skin Pathology Laboratory (Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA). Histopathologic sections of all cases were re‐reviewed and the diagnosis confirmed. All patient data were de‐identified. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using antibodies to HIP1 and cytokeratins (CK) 20 and 7.ResultsA semiquantitative scoring system for immunohistochemical expression of HIP1 was utilized by deriving a cumulative score (based on percentage positivity of cells and intensity of expression). Using a cut‐off total score of 3 or more as positive, the total number of positive cases was 22 for HIP1, 24 for CK20, and 11 for CK7.ConclusionComparing the results of HIP1 and CK20, there were four discordant pairs (three positive for CK20 but negative for HIP1 and one positive for HIP1 but negative for CK20). McNemar's test indicated that there was no statistical significance (P = 0.625), thereby implying a close agreement between the expression of HIP1 and CK20 in these neuroendocrine neoplasms.