bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of respiratory muscle testing in a child with congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Khirani Sonia , Dabaj Ivana , Amaddeo Alessandro , Ramirez Adriana , Quijano‐Roy Susana , Fauroux Brigitte 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRespiratory muscle testing is often limited to noninvasive volitional tests such as vital capacity and maximal static pressures. We report the case of a 12‐year‐old boy with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) in whom invasive and non‐volitional respiratory muscle tests showed an elective diaphragmatic dysfunction with the preservation of expiratory muscle strength. This finding, coupled with a clinical phenotype associating diffuse muscle atrophy with finger hyperlaxity and proximal contractures, strengthened the suspicion of Ullrich CMD. Skin‐cultured fibroblasts showed intracellular retention of collagen 6 (COL6), muscle magnetic resonance imaging was typical of COL6 myopathy, and molecular studies identified a COL6 gene mutation (COL6A2 c.954+2T>C). The diagnosis of a diaphragmatic dysfunction led to a sleep study that evidenced periods of hypoxemia which justified nocturnal noninvasive ventilation. This case report highlights the benefit of assessing respiratory muscles, through invasive procedure, to assist in clinical diagnosis and to guide clinical management.
Hetero‐metallic Lanthanide CPs Involving Sodium: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Luminescence Properties
Authors: Nie Zhi‐Wen , Li Sha‐Sha , Zeng Cheng‐Hui , Wang Lei , Li Yuan , Yin Shun‐Gao , Zhong Sheng‐Liang 
Published: July 2014

Abstract[TbNa(4‐msal)4(phen)2]n (1) (4‐msal = 4‐methyl salicylic acid), a new hetero‐metallic lanthanide coordination polymer (CP) involving sodium was synthesized. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a = 20.4809(9) Å, b = 9.8183(2) Å, c = 26.1987(11) Å, α = 90.00°, β = 112.922(5)°, γ = 90.00°, V = 4852.2(3) Å3, and Z = 4. The complex was characterized by single crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis (EA), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and luminescence spectroscopy. The luminescence properties of a powder sample of 1 were studied at room temperature and the luminescence lifetime and total quantum yield (QY) were determined.
Life history trade‐offs and stress tolerance in green hydra (Hydra viridissima Pallas 1766): the importance of nutritional status and perceived population density
Authors: Tökölyi Jácint , Rosa Márta E. , Bradács Flóra , Barta Zoltán 
Published: July 2014

AbstractClonally reproducing animals, such as freshwater hydra, can achieve very quick population growth, potentially resulting in high density when dispersal is limited. The reproductive value of any offspring produced clonally in such a high density population is low because of the strong competition for food. Therefore, animals experiencing such conditions should allocate their resources to self‐maintenance, to increase survival chances. Increased allocation to self‐maintenance in turn should enable animals to withstand higher levels of genotoxic stress. To test this prediction, we exposed green hydra (Hydra viridissima Pallas 1766) to a perceived high density (by keeping them in crowded culture medium) or low density (fresh culture medium) without altering food availability. We also manipulated nutritional status (by starving animals for different time periods) and previous exposure to mild stress in a full factorial experimental design. At the end of the experiment we exposed animals to a high concentration of hydrogen‐peroxide and scored stress tolerance. We found that stress tolerance is greatly elevated in animals perceiving high density, confirming our prediction. Stress tolerance decreased in animals starved for a few days, suggesting that the ability to maintain an elevated stress tolerance function has nutritional costs and is possible only when resource availability is high. On the other hand, previous exposure to mild stress had a small effect on the ability to tolerate subsequent exposure to stress, and only in the low density treatment group. Thus, stress tolerance in hydra is dynamically modulated in response to social, environmental and nutritional cues.
Looking West to India: Asian education, intra-Asian renaissance, and the Nalanda revival
Authors: PINKNEY ANDREA MARION 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMore than 800 years ago—at approximately the same time as the founding of the first European universities—the renowned monastic institution known as the Nālandā Mahāvihāra disappeared from historical records. Since 2006, a transnational Asian initiative to revive ancient Nalanda as ‘Nalanda University’ in Bihar, India, has been embraced at the highest government and philanthropic levels by a consortium of South, Southeast, and East Asian nations. Nalanda, described as an ‘icon of Asian renaissance’, and the issues surrounding its revival raise important questions about how a new interest in ‘pan-Indo-Asianism’ and a newly imagined vision of ‘Asian’ education are seen as converging to promote Asian interests. First, I consider the ambivalent relationship of the revival and its pre-modern namesake against the Nālandā Mahāvihāra's known history. Then I characterize two kinds of discourse on the contemporary project: one that is ‘pan-Indo-Asian’ and frames the revival as serving transnational Asian goals; and another that is Indic and imagines Nalanda as advancing Indian national concerns. While, for the various stakeholders, serious fissures are evident in the symbolic values of Nalanda—as an exemplar of Asia and of India—both types of discourse, taken together, reveal important insights into the development of an alternative model of education that is both modern and ‘Asian’.
Travelling Leaders and Connecting Print Cultures: two conceptions of Twelver Shi‘i reformism in the Indian Ocean
Authors: MIRZA SHIREEN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article explores Islamic networks, as constituted by migration of people, movement of saints and philanthropic institutional links, across the Indian Ocean. Linking Bombay, Hyderabad and the Muslim diasporas of East Africa, these transnational Shi‘i networks forge a print-based public sphere and determine routes for the circulation of media technology. Moreover, this article argues, that they deploy this technology to enable Islamic reformism in ways that are distinct to the local urban cultures in which they are set. The article examines two initiatives that apply technology towards different conceptions of Shi‘i reformism: while one reform initiative attempts to situate itself within a secular liberal public, another seeks to interrogate secular liberal assumptions by establishing an authentic Islamic society; both then, are underpinned by different goals, internal contestations and diverse trajectories. This article seeks to emphasize the ongoing impact of historically shaped networks of community migration and organisation: both the use of technology in mediating Islamic reform, and attempts to articulate a moral Islamic universalism, which have in practice been determined by these existing transnational networks.
Pygo2 regulates β-catenin–induced activation of hair follicle stem/progenitor cells and skin hyperplasia
Authors: Sun Peng , Watanabe Kazuhide , Fallahi Magid , Lee Briana , Afetian Megan E. , Rheaume Catherine , Wu Di , Horsley Valerie , Dai Xing 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Stem cells in the hair follicle are quiescent when the follicle is resting, but rapidly expand and differentiate upon proper cues to fuel hair regeneration, skin repair, and even cancer formation. Here we identify an important regulator of this activation process, namely Pygopus homolog 2 (Pygo2), a protein that acts in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and has chromatin regulatory activity. When Pygo2 is absent, overactive β-catenin signaling or hair depilation can no longer efficiently induce stem cell activation and follicular regeneration; expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes decreases, and follicular hyperplasia subsides. Interestingly, Pygo2 works with β-catenin to increase the level and activation of tumor suppressor protein p53. These findings provide important insights into the regulation of skin regeneration and tumorigenesis.
Quantum cluster algebras and quantum nilpotent algebras
Authors: Goodearl Kenneth R. , Yakimov Milen T. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Cluster algebras are used to study in a unified fashion phenomena from many areas of mathematics. In this paper, we present a new approach to cluster algebras based on noncommutative ring theory. It deals with large, axiomatically defined classes of algebras and does not require initial combinatorial data. Because of this, it has a broad range of applications to open problems on constructing cluster algebra structures on coordinate rings and their quantum counterparts.
Using species distribution models to optimize vector control in the framework of the tsetse eradication campaign in Senegal
Authors: Dicko Ahmadou H. , Lancelot Renaud , Seck Momar T. , Guerrini Laure , Sall Baba , Lo Mbargou , Vreysen Marc J. B. , Lefrançois Thierry , Fonta William M. , Peck Steven L. , Bouyer Jérémy 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Tsetse flies transmit human and animal trypanosomoses in sub-Saharan Africa, respectively a major neglected disease and the most important constraint to cattle production in infested countries. They are the target of the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC). Here we show how distribution models can be used to optimize a tsetse eradication campaign in Senegal. Our results allow a better understanding of the relationships between tsetse presence and various environmental parameters measured by remote sensing. Furthermore, we argue that the methodology developed should be integrated into future tsetse control efforts that are planned under the umbrella of the PATTEC initiative. The results have a generic value for vector and pest control campaigns, especially when eradication is contemplated.
Mesoscale molecular network formation in amorphous organic materials
Authors: Savoie Brett M. , Kohlstedt Kevin L. , Jackson Nicholas E. , Chen Lin X. , Olvera de la Cruz Monica , Schatz George C. , Marks Tobin J. , Ratner Mark A. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Rapid and robust charge transport in soft matter semiconductors enables technologies such as photovoltaics, transistors, and light-emitting diodes. However, even at a conceptual level it remains unresolved what transport limitations are engendered by the structural disorder typical of soft materials. A graph methodology has been developed to quantify the mesoscopic electrical connectivity of clusters of molecules and its susceptibility to structural disorder. It is observed that some materials exhibit the capacity to regularly form conductive networks that percolate the material volume, even in the absence of periodic order. Moreover, the network properties of electrically percolating materials are qualitatively distinguished from nonpercolating materials, although both are comprised of ostensibly similar molecular units in terms of chemical structure, energy levels, and dimensionality.
The
Tn7
transposition regulator TnsC interacts with the transposase subunit TnsB and target selector TnsD
Authors: Choi Ki Young , Spencer Jeanelle M. , Craig Nancy L. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
DNA cut-and-paste transposons are discrete DNA segments that move from place to place within genomes via excision from a donor site by double-strand DNA breaks and insertion into a target site. These events are mediated by nucleoprotein complexes whose assembly regulates and coordinates breakage and joining. Multiple protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions are involved in assembly of these nucleoprotein complexes. The nucleoprotein complexes that mediate the movement of the bacterial transposon Tn7 are particularly elaborate, requiring four Tn7-encoded proteins. Here we define specific protein–protein interactions between the central regulator of Tn7 transposition, TnsC, and both the transposase that carries out the chemical steps of transposition and the target-selecting protein.
Pneumopericardium and pneumothorax due to right atrial permanent pacemaker lead perforation
Authors: Baird Andrew , Gandhi Mitesh 
Published: July 2014

SummaryA 75‐year‐old man presented with a spontaneous right pneumothorax and pneumopericardium following right atrial pacemaker lead perforation, which is a rare complication, with only two case reports being documented in the literature to the authors' knowledge. It is important that radiologists be aware of cardiac lead perforations, as they may be the first to diagnose this complication.
Neue und altbewährte Therapieoptionen bei Mycosis fungoides und Sézary‐Syndrom – eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Dugas‐Breit Susanne , Schulze Hans‐Joachim , Hallermann Christian 
Published: July 2014

ZusammenfassungPrimär kutane Lymphome sind zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung auf die Haut begrenzt, wobei mit mindestens zwei Dritteln die T‐Zell‐Lymphome, und als häufigste Vertreter die Mycosis fungoides und das Sézary‐Syndrom, überwiegen. Eine exakte Einteilung, die nach klinischen, histologischen, immunhistologischen und molekularbiologischen Kriterien in Stadien erfolgt, ist meist entscheidend zur Wahl einer adäquaten Therapieform. Da eine kurative Therapie nur in Ausnahmefällen möglich ist, bleibt das Ziel jeder Behandlung die Abheilung der Hautläsionen, Minimierung von Rückfällen, Verhinderung einer Progression sowie Erhaltung der Lebensqualität. Kommen in den Anfangsstadien der Erkrankung zunächst hautgerichtete Therapieformen zum Einsatz, so treten in den späteren Stadien die Systemtherapien in den Vordergrund. Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick ermöglichen über bewährte und neue Therapieformen zur Behandlung der Mycosis fungoides und des Sézary‐ Syndroms.
A new staging system to predict prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma in an era of novel therapeutic agents
Authors: Iriuchishima Hirono , Saitoh Takayuki , Handa Hiroshi , Isoda Atsushi , Matsumoto Morio , Sawamura Morio , Iwasaki Atsushi , Ushie Chiaki , Hattori Hikaru , Sasaki Yoshiko , Mitsui Takeki , Yokohama Akihiko , Tsukamoto Norifumi , Murakami Hirokazu , Nojima Yoshihisa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractVarious prognostic markers for multiple myeloma (MM) have been identified, and stratification using these markers is considered important to optimize treatment strategies. The international staging system (ISS) is now a widely accepted prognostic staging system for MM patients; however, its validity is controversial in the era of new therapeutic regimens, since ISS had been established before introduction of new agents. We retrospectively reviewed prognostic factors in order to seek out an alternative staging system more suitably applied to MM patients treated with novel agents. We analyzed 178 newly diagnosed MM patients who received either conventional chemotherapy without novel agents (CT; n = 79) or chemotherapy with novel agents (NT; n = 99). Although median overall survival (OS) of patients treated with CT is significantly different depending on stages of ISS, ISS had no effect on OS among patients treated with NT. Meanwhile, we identified hemoglobin (Hb) and plasmacytoma as independent risk factors for OS in patients who received NT. Using these two parameters, we stratified NT patients into three stages; stage 1 (Hb≥10 g/dL and absence of plasmacytoma), stage 2 (not stage 1 or 3), and stage 3 (Hb <10 g/dL and presence of plasmacytoma). We found that there were significant differences in median OS among the three stages (8.13, 5.95, and 2.45 yr for stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively). This preliminary study suggests that this alternative staging system based on Hb and plasmacytoma is a simple and useful way to predict prognosis of MM patients in the novel agent era.
Three dimensional distribution of Propionibacterium acnes biofilms in human skin
Authors: Jahns Anika C. , Alexeyev Oleg A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPropionibacterium acnes is regarded as a common member of the human skin microbiota, often occurring in biofilms. Little is known about the size of bacterial biofilms in hair follicles as a few sections of biopsy tissue are routinely evaluated. Transversal sectioning provides a better opportunity for histological analyses of hair follicles which can be followed through the different morphological levels. Direct visualization of P. acnes biofilms in hundreds of consecutive sections allowed insight into the 3D distribution in human hair follicles as well as investigating the depth of biofilm distribution within hair follicles. Four distinct colonization patterns of P. acnes biofilms were revealed. Results have shown that an individual P. acnes biofilm can spread for 1900 μm in a terminal hair follicle. This information can be of help while designing potential antibiofilm treatment.
Quantification of creep stresses within HAZ in welded branch junctions
Authors: Han J.‐J. , Kim Y.‐J. , Jerng D. W. , Nikbin K. , Dean D. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper quantifies the mismatch effect in creep properties on creep stresses in the heat‐affected zone of welded branches using systematic elastic‐creep finite element analysis. It is found that the section‐averaged normalized stresses in the heat‐affected zone can be uniquely characterized by the mismatch factor in creep. The relationship is almost linear and is not so sensitive to the loading condition. Implication to practical creep life assessment of welded branch components is discussed in the context of the R5 procedure.
Scientific Brain Drain and Human Capital Formation After the End of the Soviet Union
Authors: Ganguli Ina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article provides new empirical evidence on the impact of emigration on human capital formation by drawing upon the exodus of Russian scientists after the end of the Soviet Union. I create a novel panel data set based on scientific publications to identify former Soviet scientist émigrés and official Russian statistics on the production of PhDs aggregated at the regional and scientific field levels. I show that the emigration of scientists in the post‐Soviet period is associated with lower production of PhDs measured by admissions, graduates, and the number of students. The results suggest that emigration is not increasing investment in human capital at the PhD level. Possible explanations are that there is a lack of mentors to train the next generation of PhD students and that émigrés are acting as a channel for the younger generation to pursue PhD studies abroad.
Further Observations on the Inhibition of Histamine Release by 2‐Deoxyglucose
Authors: Chakravarty Nirmal 
Published: July 2014

AbstractChakravarty, N. Further observations on the inhibition of histamine release by 2‐deoxyglucose. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 425–432.The effect of 2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG) on histamine release from rat mast cells induced by compound 48/80 and antigen‐antibody reaction has been studied. In a glucose‐free oxygenated medium 2‐DG has no effect on compound 48/80‐induced histamine release and inhibits anaphylactic release only in high concentrations. Cyanide inhibition of both compound 48/80‐induced and anaphylactic histamine release is however potentiated by a low concentration (5 mM) of 2‐DG. When glucose is used to restore histamine release blocked by cyanide, 2‐DG (5 mM) markedly inhibits the release. Iodoacetate, fluoride and oxamate have a similar blocking effect on the glucose‐sustained histamine release in presence of cyanide. The findings are explained on the basis of a predominant inhibitory effect of 2‐DG on the glycolytic pathway in rat mast cells.
The Effect of Synthetic Secretin on the External Pancreatic Secretion in Dogs
Authors: Henriksen F. W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHenriksen, F. W. The effect of synthetic secretin on the external pancreatic secretion in dogs. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 433–440.The effect of synthetic secretin on the external pancreatic secretion was investigated in three dogs with Thomas fistulas and gastrostomies. The dose‐response curve was determined in two dogs. The maximal secretory capacity equalled that obtained with other secretin preparations. Supramaximal doses of synthetic secretin did not depress the secretion of fluid or bicarbonate. A short‐lasting increase in the protein secretion after injection of synthetic secretin is explained as a “wash‐out” phenomenon.
Considerations on the Cause of Disappearance of the Adrenergic Transmitter in Uterine Nerves during Pregnancy
Authors: Sjöberg Nils‐Otto 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSjöberg, N.‐O. Considerations on the cause of disappearance of the adrenergic transmitter in uterine nerves during pregnancy. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 510–517.With a combination of fluorescence histochemical and fluorimetric techniques it has been demonstrated that the smooth muscle coats of the guinea‐pig uterus have a fairly rich supply of short adrenergic neurons, i.e. neurons arising in the vicinity of the organ, emitting a green fluorescence owing to their noradrenaline content. During the last period of pregnancy the neuronal fluorescence as well as the uterine noradrenaline disappears. Using animals with unilateral pregnancy it has been possible to establish that despite a marked difference in weight and distention between the two horns there is no difference in the reaction of the adrenergic nerves during the period of pregnancy studied (32–63 days of gestation). Hence, it seems probable that the marked changes in transmitter content found during the latter part of pregnancy are due to a humoral rather than to a mechanical factor.
Changes in the Filtration Fractions in the Superficial and Deep Venous Drainage Area of the Gat Kidney due to Fluid Loading
Authors: Nissen O. I. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe effect of Ringer and mannitol loading on the filtration fractions of plasma entering the superficial and the deep part of the cortex was investigated by comparing the plasma concentrations of inulin and protein in the blood leaving the two venous drainage areas with the concentrations in arterial blood. The ratio between the deep and the superficial filtration fraction (FFD/FFs) decreased by some 20 per cent mainly due to a decrease in FFD. Inside the juxtamedullary glomeruli, which constitute a part of the glomeruli of the deep area, short‐circuits between the afferent and the efferent arterioles have been described, which cause the medullary blood supply to partly by‐pass the sites of ultrafiltration. The blood leaves the juxtamedullary glomeruli via relatively thick muscular efferent arterioles which regulate the medullary blood flow. The decrease in FFDmay result from a preferential augmentation of the flow through the medulla,viz. this indicates that the overall filtration fraction of the deep drainage area to a larger degree is governed by the presumably low filtration fraction of the juxtamedullary glomeruli.