bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic biology: the many facets of T7 RNA polymerase
Authors: Shis David L , Bennett Matthew R 
Published: July 2014

Split T7 RNA polymerase provides new avenues for creating synthetic gene circuits that are decoupled from host regulatory processes—but how many times can this enzyme be split, yet retain function? New research by Voigt and colleagues (Segall‐Shapiro et al, 2014) indicates that it may be more than you think.
Electrical Properties of Quantum Wells in III-NITRIDE Alloys and the Role of Defects
Authors: Cavalcoli Daniela , Minj Albert , Pandey Saurabh , Fraboni Beatrice , Cavallini Anna 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIII-nitrides (III-Ns) semiconductors and their alloys have shown in the last few years high potential for interesting applications in photonics and electronics. III-Ns based heterostructures (HS) have been under wide investigation for different applications such as high frequency transistors, ultraviolet photodetector, light emitters etc. In the present contribution a III-Ns based heterostructure, in particular the nearly lattice matched Al1-xInxN/AlN/GaN HS will be discussed. The formation of the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG), its origin, its electrical and optical properties, the confined subband states in the well and its effect on the conduction mechanisms have been studied. Moreover, extended defects and their effect on the degradation phenomena of the 2DEG have been analyzed.
Association Between Plasma Levels of Manganese and Periodontal Status: A Study Based on the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Hyang‐Sun , Park Ji‐A , Na Jun‐Sung , Lee Kyoung‐Hoon , Bae Kwang‐Hak 
Published: July 2014

Background: This study aims to evaluate the association between plasma levels of manganese (Mn) and periodontal status in a representative sample of Korean adults.Methods: Plasma levels of Mn and periodontal status were analyzed in 1,679 participants, all of whom were ≥19 years old. Plasma levels of Mn were divided into four quartiles: first (<1.057 μg/dL), second (1.057 to 1.274 μg/dL), third (1.275 to 1.544 μg/dL), and fourth (>1.544 μg/dL). Periodontal status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, oral and general health behavior, oral health status, and systemic conditions. All analyses took into consideration the complex sampling design, and multivariate analyses were performed in the subgroups.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant association between plasma levels of Mn and higher CPI in the total sample. There was a moderate association between first‐quartile plasma levels of Mn and higher CPI in males (odds ratio [OR]: 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25 to 3.63) and current smokers (OR: 2.07; 95% CI 1.04 to 4.11), compared to the fourth quartile.Conclusion: Periodontal status is significantly associated with plasma levels of Mn in Korean adults, especially in men and smokers.
Design and Development of a PC based ECG Equipment
Authors: Al-Amin Abdullah , Bodiuzzaman AKM , Khan Ahamad Imtiaz , Rabbani K Siddique-e 
Published: July 2014

ECG is very important for diagnosis of cardiac disorders but most ECG equipment come from developed countries with very costly procurement and maintenance. Therefore, unless the technology is developed indigenously, common people in countries like Bangladesh will not get the benefits of modern healthcare technology. With the advent of personal computers (PC) at low cost, a PC based ECG equipment is also worth developing since many people already own a PC, thereby reducing the overall cost. With this view a PC based ECG equipment was designed and developed from the basics. An attempt was made to utilize maximum components and spares available in the local market. The main unit is based on a low cost but quality instrumentation amplifier IC with high common mode rejection ratio. Active filters were designed using common operational amplifier ICs. Right leg drive circuitry to reduce 50Hz noise of mains ac was kept as an option. Analog signal switching circuitry was used to obtain 12 Lead configurations, which were programme controlled, through graphical user interface. To achieve electrical isolation between patient and the mains ac, an analogue optical isolation circuit was designed and developed. Finally the analogue signal was converted to digital data and interfaced to a personal computer through its USB port using a microcontroller. The required power is obtained by USB port 5V supply. A medical grade isolated dc to dc converter was designed to power the patient side circuitry. Proper patient safety issues were followed in the design. Calibration was performed to make the equipment as accurate as possible. Outputs from several subjects were compared with that of reliable commercial equipment and were found to be satisfactory by cardiac experts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v6i1.19757 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.6 No.1 2013 39-54
Correlation of Liquid Volume in Stomach to Electrical Transfer Impedance Measurements Using FIM
Authors: Iquebal Masum , Rabbani K Siddique-e 
Published: July 2014

The present work is directed to the measurement of the absolute volume of secreted acid in the stomach using 6-electrode FIM. Stomach acid is important because it has diagnostic applications in diarrhoeal diseases and in anaemia. Through a simplified resistance model this work has predicted that the variation in (Ze-Zs)/Ze with volume of liquid in stomach should be much greater than that of Zs/Ze . The simple resistance model has also predicted that the normalised change in measured transfer impedance (Ze-Zs)/Ze will be proportional to the volume of liquid in the stomach provided the resistivity of the liquid and the depth of stomach from the frontal skin surface is constant. Both these have been verified through real life measurement on two human subjects. This means that the measured transfer impedance change can indeed be related to the volume of saline in stomach. Together with depth information obtained using anatomical markers, it may be possible to obtain the absolute volume using FIM non-invasively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v6i1.19761 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.6 No.1 2013 66-74
Phylogenomics of the carrot genus (Daucus, Apiaceae)
Authors: Arbizu Carlos , Ruess Holly , Senalik Douglas , Simon Philipp W. , Spooner David M. 
Published: July 2014

• Premise of the study: We explored the utility of multiple nuclear orthologs for the taxonomic resolution of wild and cultivated carrot, Daucus species.• Methods: We studied the phylogeny of 92 accessions of 13 species and two subspecies of Daucus and 15 accessions of related genera (107 accessions total) with DNA sequences of 94 nuclear orthologs. Reiterative analyses examined data of both alleles using ambiguity codes or a single allele with the highest coverage, trimmed vs. untrimmed homopolymers; pure exonic vs. pure intronic data; the use of all 94 markers vs. a reduced subset of markers; and analysis of a concatenated data set vs. a coalescent (species tree) approach.• Key results: Our maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood trees were highly resolved, with 100% bootstrap support for most of the external and many of the internal clades. They resolved multiple accessions of many different species as monophyletic with strong support, but failed to support other species. The single allele analysis gave slightly better topological resolution; trimming homopolymers failed to increase taxonomic resolution; the exonic data had a smaller proportion of parsimony‐informative characters. Similar results demonstrating the same dominant topology can be obtained with many fewer markers. A Bayesian concordance analysis provided an overall similar phylogeny, but the coalescent analysis provided drastic changes in topology to all the above.• Conclusions: Our research highlights some difficult species groups in Daucus and misidentifications in germplasm collections. It highlights a useful subset of markers and approaches for future studies of dominant topologies in Daucus.
Influences of surface processes on fold growth during 3‐D detachment folding
Authors: Collignon M. , Kaus B. J. P. , May D. A. , Fernandez N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn order to understand the interactions between surface processes and multilayer folding systems, we here present fully coupled three‐dimensional numerical simulations. The mechanical model represents a sedimentary cover with internal weak layers, detached over a much weaker basal layer representing salt or evaporites. Applying compression in one direction results in a series of three‐dimensional buckle folds, of which the topographic expression consists of anticlines and synclines. This topography is modified through time by mass redistribution, which is achieved by a combination of fluvial and hillslope erosion, as well as deposition, and which can in return influence the subsequent deformation. Model results show that surface processes do not have a significant influence on folding patterns and aspect ratio of the folds. Nevertheless, erosion reduces the amount of shortening required to initiate folding and increases the exhumation rates. Increased sedimentation in the synclines contributes to this effect by amplifying the fold growth rate by gravity. The main contribution of surface processes is rather due to their ability to strongly modify the initial topography and hence the initial random noise, prior to deformation. If larger initial random noise is present, folds amplify faster, which is consistent with previous detachment folding theory. Variations in thickness of the sedimentary cover (in one or two directions) also have a significant influence on the folding pattern, resulting in linear, large aspect ratio folds. Our simulation results can be applied to folding‐dominated fold‐and‐thrust belt systems, detached over weak basal layers, such as the Zagros Folded Belt.
Prenatal testosterone of progenitors could be involved in the etiology of both anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorders of their offspring
Authors: Romero‐Martínez Ángel , Moya‐Albiol Luis 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesHigh intrauterine testosterone (T) levels seem to play a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but their role in anorexia nervosa (AN) is controversial. Parents with masculinized 2D:4D ratios, a marker of the organizational effects of T, may have other relevant biological characteristics, in particular exposing their offspring to high T levels in the prenatal environment. This would increase the likelihood of their offspring developing these disorders.MethodsThe present study examined whether parents of offspring with AN (n=34; mean age= 51) and ASD (n=36; mean age=45) differ from control parents (n=40; mean age=43) in 2D:4D ratio, as well as by salivary T levels and its relationships.ResultsOur results revealed that AN and ASD parents (fathers and mothers) have masculinized 2D:4D ratios of the right hand compared to control parents. However, the difference compared to controls was larger in the ASD than the AN group. Furthermore, current salivary T levels were negatively related to the 2D:4D ratio in ASD and AN parents only.ConclusionsOur data partially support the view of high prenatal masculinization as a potential intermediate phenotype to the development of these disorders in their offspring. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:863–866, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of 19‐Nor‐Vitamin D A‐Ring Synthons via Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Nagai Yu , Tanami Tomoe , Abe Junko , Nagai Hazuki , Hamamizu Toru , Kominato Kaichiro , Iida Keisuke , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract19‐Nor‐vitamin D A‐ring synthons were obtained from linear olefins by means of ring‐closing olefin metathesis followed by palladium‐catalyzed isomerization of the endocyclic olefin product to an exocyclic olefin.
Hochaufgelöste Visualisierung des Golgi‐Apparats in lebenden Zellen mit einem bioorthogonalen Ceramid
Authors: Erdmann Roman S. , Takakura Hideo , Thompson Alexander D. , Rivera‐Molina Felix , Allgeyer Edward S. , Bewersdorf Joerg , Toomre Derek , Schepartz Alanna 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWir berichten über eine Lipid‐basierte Strategie zur Visualisierung von Struktur und Dynamik des Golgi‐Apparats in lebenden Zellen mithilfe hochauflösender Mikroskopie. Die Methode basiert auf zwei neuen Reagentien: einem trans‐Cycloocten enthaltenden Ceramid‐Lipid (Cer‐TCO) und einem hoch reaktiven, Tetrazin‐markierten Nah‐IR‐Farbstoff (SiR‐Tz). Diese beiden Komponenten reagieren in einer extrem schnellen Tetrazin‐Klick‐Reaktion zu Cer‐SiR, einer sehr photostabilen Verbindung, welche die Visualisierung des Golgi‐Apparats sowohl mit 3D‐Konfokalmikroskopie als auch mit hochauflösender Mikroskopie über eine längere Zeitspanne ermöglicht. Cer‐SiR ist nicht toxisch bis zu einer Konzentration von 2 μM und stört weder die Mobilität von Enzymen innerhalb des Golgi‐Apparats noch den Transport von Fracht vom Endoplasmatischen Retikulum durch den Golgi‐Apparat zur Plasmamembran.
Super‐Resolution Imaging of the Golgi in Live Cells with a Bioorthogonal Ceramide Probe
Authors: Erdmann Roman S. , Takakura Hideo , Thompson Alexander D. , Rivera‐Molina Felix , Allgeyer Edward S. , Bewersdorf Joerg , Toomre Derek , Schepartz Alanna 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe report a lipid‐based strategy to visualize Golgi structure and dynamics at super‐resolution in live cells. The method is based on two novel reagents: a trans‐cyclooctene‐containing ceramide lipid (Cer‐TCO) and a highly reactive, tetrazine‐tagged near‐IR dye (SiR‐Tz). These reagents assemble via an extremely rapid “tetrazine‐click” reaction into Cer‐SiR, a highly photostable “vital dye” that enables prolonged live‐cell imaging of the Golgi apparatus by 3D confocal and STED microscopy. Cer‐SiR is nontoxic at concentrations as high as 2 μM and does not perturb the mobility of Golgi‐resident enzymes or the traffic of cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum through the Golgi and to the plasma membrane.
Astrocyte‐like cells differentiated from a novel population of CD45‐positive cells in adult human peripheral blood
Authors: Li Heng , Li Jun , Sheng Wenhua , Sun Jinhao , Ma Xiaoli , Chen Xueran , Bi Jianfen , Zhao Yong , Li Xiaohong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe have previously reported a novel CD45‐positive cell population called peripheral blood insulin‐producing cells (PB‐IPCs) and its unique potential for releasing insulin in vitro. Despite the CD45‐positive phenotype and self‐renewal ability, PB‐IPCs are distinguished from hemopoietic and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) by some characteristics, such as a CD34‐negative phenotype and different culture conditions. We have further identified the gene profiles of the embryonic and neural stem cells, and these profiles include Sox2, Nanog, c‐Myc, Klf4, Notch1 and Mash1. After treatment with all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in vitro, most PB‐IPCs exhibited morphological changes that included the development of elongated and branched cell processes. In the process of induction, the mRNA expression of Hes1 was robustly upregulated, and a majority of cells acquired some astrocyte‐associated specific phenotypes including anti‐glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), CD44, Glutamate‐aspartate transporter (GLAST) and S100β. In spite of the deficiency of glutamate uptaking, the differentiated cells significantly relaxed the regulation of the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA. This finding demonstrates that PB‐IPCs could be induced into a population of astrocyte‐like cells and enhanced the neurotrophic potential when the state of proliferation was limited by ATRA, which implies that this unique CD45+ cell pool may have a protective role in some degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS).
The Influence of Interfacial Areas for Gas Absorption in the Presence of Solid Particles
Authors: Ablasser Cornelia , Hofmann Sebastian , Hinrichsen Olaf 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe mass transfer is investigated for physical absorption of oxygen in water for varying interfacial areas as well as the influence of suspended glass beads and activated carbon. Under higher rotational speed, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient as well as the mass transfer coefficient values increase for all specific interfacial areas due to the changes in hydrodynamics. The configuration of the free gas‐liquid interface is of minor relevance. In the presence of glass beads, the mass transfer is reduced compared to physical adsorption, whereas an enhancement of the mass transfer can be observed in the presence of activated carbon. This indicates that the mobility of the gas‐liquid interface is the determining factor. The renewal of the fluid elements is increased by adsorption of surfactants on the surface of activated carbon, leading to an improved mass transport.
Breaking the Semi‐Quinoid Structure: Spin‐Switching from Strongly Coupled Singlet to Polarized Triplet State
Authors: Ravat Prince , Teki Yoshio , Ito Yoshikazu , Gorelik Elena , Baumgarten Martin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract2,7‐TMPNO (4,5,9,10‐tetramethoxypyrene‐2,7‐bis(tert‐butylnitroxide)) was found to exist in semi‐quinoid form with unprecedented strong intramolecular magnetic exchange interaction of 2 J/kB=1185 K operating over a distance of 10 Å. Structural transformations with the activation energy of ΔEeq=949 K were observed by varying the temperature, from more quinoid structure at low temperature to more biradicaloid structure at higher temperature. Moreover, this molecule undergoes a transient spin transition from singlet to polarized triplet state upon photoexcitation revealed by TREPR spectroscopy. The spin Hamiltonian parameters were determined to be S=1, g=2.0065, D=−0.0112 cm−1, and E=−0.0014 cm−1 by spectral simulation with the hybrid Eigenfield/exact diagonalization method.
Notchia weugigen. et sp. nov.: a new short-headed arthropod from the Weeks Formation Konservat-Lagerstätte (Cambrian; Utah)
Authors: LEROSEY-AUBRIL RUDY 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Weeks Formation preserves a diverse, yet largely undescribed, exceptionally preserved fauna of late Guzhangian age. Here I describeNotchia weugigen. et sp. nov., a new arthropod characterized by a short cephalon, a trunk with 12 tergites and weakly differentiated into two morphological regions, and a spine-bearing rectangular telson. This combination of characters is incompatible with its assignment to any known groups. The new taxon also adds to examples of convergent evolution of ramified digestive glands in arthropods, possibly as an adaptation to infrequent feeding.
Injectional anthrax at a Scottish district general hospital
Authors: INVERARITY D. J. , FORRESTER V. M. , CUMMING J. G. R. , PATERSON P. J. , CAMPBELL R. J. , BROOKS T. J. G. , CARSON G. L. , RUDDY J. P. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThis retrospective, descriptive case-series reviews the clinical presentations and significant laboratory findings of patients diagnosed with and treated for injectional anthrax (IA) since December 2009 at Monklands Hospital in Central Scotland and represents the largest series of IA cases to be described from a single location. Twenty-one patients who fulfilled National Anthrax Control Team standardized case definitions of confirmed, probable or possible IA are reported. All cases survived and none required limb amputation in contrast to an overall mortality of 28% being experienced for this condition in Scotland. We document the spectrum of presentations of soft tissue infection ranging from mild cases which were managed predominantly with oral antibiotics to severe cases with significant oedema, organ failure and coagulopathy. We describe the surgical management, intensive care management and antibiotic management including the first description of daptomycin being used to treat human anthrax. It is noted that some people who had injected heroin infected withBacillus anthracisdid not develop evidence of IA. Also highlighted are biochemical and haematological parameters which proved useful in identifying deteriorating patients who required greater levels of support and surgical debridement.
Walking the interactome for candidate prioritization in exome sequencing studies of Mendelian diseases
Authors: Smedley Damian , Köhler Sebastian , Czeschik Johanna Christina , Amberger Joanna , Bocchini Carol , Hamosh Ada , Veldboer Julian , Zemojtel Tomasz , Robinson Peter N. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Motivation : Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has opened up previously unheard of possibilities for identifying novel disease genes in Mendelian disorders, only about half of which have been elucidated to date. However, interpretation of WES data remains challenging.
Results : Here, we analyze protein–protein association (PPA) networks to identify candidate genes in the vicinity of genes previously implicated in a disease. The analysis, using a random-walk with restart (RWR) method, is adapted to the setting of WES by developing a composite variant-gene relevance score based on the rarity, location and predicted pathogenicity of variants and the RWR evaluation of genes harboring the variants. Benchmarking using known disease variants from 88 disease-gene families reveals that the correct gene is ranked among the top 10 candidates in ≥50% of cases, a figure which we confirmed using a prospective study of disease genes identified in 2012 and PPA data produced before that date. We implement our method in a freely available Web server, ExomeWalker, that displays a ranked list of candidates together with information on PPAs, frequency and predicted pathogenicity of the variants to allow quick and effective searches for candidates that are likely to reward closer investigation.
Availability and implementation : http://compbio.charite.de/ExomeWalker
Contact : peter.robinson@charite.de
The Lutz–Kelker paradox
Authors: Francis Charles 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The Lutz–Kelker correction is intended to give an unbiased estimate for stellar parallaxes and magnitudes, but it is shown explicitly that it does not. This paradox results from the application of an argument about sample statistics to the treatment of individual stars, and involves the erroneous use of a frequency distribution in the manner of a probability density function considered as a Bayesian prior. It is shown that the Bayesian probability distribution for true parallax given the observed parallax of a selected star is independent of the distribution of other stars. Consequently, the Lutz–Kelker correction should not be used for individual stars. This result has important implications for the RR Lyrae scale and for the interpretation of results from Gaia and Hipparcos. The Lutz–Kelker correction is a poor treatment of the Trumpler–Weaver bias which affects parallax limited samples. A true correction is calculated using numerical integration and confirmed by a Monte Carlo method.