bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction Between Cognitive Impairment and Discharge Destination and Its Effect on Rehospitalization
Authors: Nazir Arif , LaMantia Michael , Chodosh Joshua , Khan Babar , Campbell Noll , Hui Siu , Boustani Malaz 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of cognitive impairment on rehospitalization in older adults.DesignOne‐year longitudinal study.SettingMedical service of an urban, 340‐bed public hospital in Indianapolis between July 2006 and March 2008.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older admitted to the medical service (N = 976).MeasurementsRehospitalization was defined as any hospital admission after the index admission. Participant demographics, discharge destination, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Acute Physiology Score, and prior hospitalizations were measured as the confounders. Participants were considered to have cognitive impairment if they had two or more errors on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, a significant interaction between cognitive impairment and discharge location was found to predict rehospitalization rate (P = .008) and time to 1‐year rehospitalization (P = .03). Participants with cognitive impairment discharged to a facility had a longer time to rehospitalization (median 142 days) than participants with no cognitive impairment (median 98 days) (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.58–1.02, P = .07), whereas participants with cognitive impairment discharged to home had a slightly shorter time to rehospitalization (median 182 days) than those without cognitive impairment (median 224 days) (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.92–1.43, P = .23). These two nonsignificant HRs in opposite directions were significantly different from each other (P = .03).ConclusionDischarge destination modifies the association between cognitive impairment and rehospitalization. Of participants discharged to a facility, those without cognitive impairment had higher rehospitalization rates, whereas the rates were similar between cognitively impaired and intact participants discharged to the community.
Biomarker‐Calibrated Protein Intake and Physical Function in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Beasley Jeannette M. , Wertheim Betsy C. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Prentice Ross L. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Tinker Lesley F. , Kritchevsky Stephen , Shikany James M. , Eaton Charles , Chen Zhao , Thomson Cynthia A. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo determine whether preservation of physical function with aging may be partially met through modification in dietary protein intake.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingWomen's Health Initiative (WHI) Clinical Trials (CT) and Observational Study (OS) conducted at 40 clinical centers.ParticipantsWomen aged 50 to 79 (N = 134,961) with dietary data and one or more physical function measures.MeasurementsPhysical function was assessed using the short‐form RAND‐36 at baseline and annually beginning in 2005 for all WHI participants and at closeout for CT participants (average ~7 years after baseline). In a subset of 5,346 participants, physical performance measures (grip strength, number of chair stands in 15 seconds, and timed 6‐m walk) were assessed at baseline and Years 1, 3, and 6. Calibrated energy and protein intake were derived from regression equations using baseline food frequency questionnaire data collected on the entire cohort and doubly labeled water and 24‐hour urinary nitrogen collected from a representative sample as reference measures. Associations between calibrated protein intake and each of the physical function measures were assessed using generalized estimating equations.ResultsCalibrated protein intake ranged from 6.6% to 22.3% energy. Higher calibrated protein intake at baseline was associated with higher self‐reported physical function (quintile (Q)5, 85.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 81.9–87.5; Q1, 75.4, 95% CI = 73.2–78.5, Ptrend = .002) and a slower rate of functional decline (annualized change: Q5, −0.47, 95% CI = −0.63 to −0.39; Q1, −0.98, 95% CI = −1.18 to −0.75, Ptrend = .02). Women with higher calibrated protein intake also had greater grip strength at baseline (Q5, 24.7 kg, 95% CI = 24.3–25.2 kg; Q1, 24.1 kg, 95% CI = 23.6–24.5 kg, Ptrend = .04) and slower declines in grip strength (annualized change: Q5, −0.45 kg, 95% CI = −0.39 to −0.63 kg; Q1, −0.59 kg, 95% CI = −0.50 to −0.66 kg, Ptrend = .03). Women with higher calibrated protein intake also completed more chair stands at baseline (Q5, 7.11, 95% CI = 6.91–7.26; Q1, 6.61, 95% CI = 6.46–6.76, Ptrend = .002).ConclusionHigher calibrated protein intake is associated with better physical function and performance and slower rates of decline in postmenopausal women.
Quality of Osteoporosis Care of Older Medicare Recipients with Fragility Fractures: 2006 to 2010
Authors: Liu Stephen K. , Munson Jeffrey C. , Bell John‐Erik , Zaha Rebecca L. , Mecchella John N. , Tosteson Anna N. A. , Morden Nancy E. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo assess uptake of postfracture care guidelines in community‐dwelling Medicare recipients with fractures.DesignRetrospective observational cohort study.SettingClaims‐based study using U.S. Medicare administrative inpatient, outpatient (2003–2010), and prescription (2006–2010) data.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 68 and older who survived at least 12 months after a fracture of the hip, radius, or humerus.MeasurementsPoisson regression modeled factors, including participant characteristics, comorbidities and hospital referral region (HRR), associated with bone density testing or osteoporosis pharmacotherapy in the 6 months after fracture. Models were repeated for participants with no osteoporosis care observed before fracture (attention naïve).ResultsIn 61,832 individuals with fractures, mean age was 80.6, 87.0% were female, 88.5% were white, 2.6% were black, and 62.1% were attention naïve at the time of fracture; 21.8% received testing, pharmacotherapy, or both in the 6 months after fracture. In adjusted models, factors associated with significantly lower likelihood of receiving this care were black race, male sex, and an upper extremity fracture (vs hip). In models restricted to attention‐naïve participants, the same factors were associated with lower relative risk of receiving care. Adjusted HRR‐level care rates ranged from 14.7% to 22.9% (10th to 90th percentile). The proportion receiving care increased from 2006 to 2009.ConclusionPostfracture osteoporosis care was uncommon, particularly in black and male participants. Care increased over time, but for most, a fracture was insufficient to trigger effective secondary prevention, especially for participants who were not receiving prefracture osteoporosis attention. Clinicians and policy‐makers must consider effective remedies to this persistent care gap.
Activity of Daily Living Trajectories Surrounding Acute Hospitalization of Long‐Stay Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Kruse Robin L. , Petroski Gregory F. , Mehr David R. , Banaszak‐Holl Jane , Intrator Orna 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo explore patterns of change in nursing home (NH) residents’ activities of daily living (ADLs), particularly surrounding acute hospital stays.DesignLongitudinal study using Medicare and Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessments.SettingNational sample of long‐stay NH residents.ParticipantsNH residents who were hospitalized for the seven most‐common inpatient diagnoses (N = 40,128). Each hospital admission was at least 90 days after any prior hospitalization and had at least two preceding MDS assessments.MeasurementsThe MDS ADL long‐form score, a simple sum of seven self‐care variables coded from 0 (independent) to 4 (totally dependent) was used to indicate resident ADL function. Scores ranged from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating greater impairment. A linear mixed model describing ADL trajectories was jointly estimated with time‐to‐event models for mortality and hospital readmission.ResultsBefore hospitalization, the most common trajectory was stable (53.7%), with 27.5% of residents worsening and 18.8% improving. ADL function after hospital discharge was most often characterized as stable (43.1%) or worsening (39.2%). Mortality (20.3%) was higher for those with worsening prehospital ADL function (28.9%) than for those with stable (19.1%) or improving (11.3%) trajectories. Hospital diagnosis was associated with amount of ADL worsening and rate of subsequent ADL change. Most residents with the best initial function continued to worsen after hospital discharge. Cognitive impairment was associated with poorer ADL function and accelerated worsening of ADLs.ConclusionFor many long‐stay NH residents, substantial and sustained ADL worsening accompanies acute hospitalization, so acute hospitalization presents an opportunity to revisit care goals; the results of the current study can help inform decision‐making.
CaMKII activity is essential for improvement of memory‐related behaviors by chronic rivastigmine treatment
Authors: Moriguchi Shigeki , Tagashira Hideaki , Sasaki Yuzuru , Yeh Jay Z. , Sakagami Hiroyuki , Narahashi Toshio , Fukunaga Kohji 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBecause the cholinergic system is down‐regulated in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients, cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease patients are significantly improved by rivastigmine treatment. To address the mechanism underlying rivastigmine‐induced memory improvements, we chronically treated olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice with rivastigmine. The chronic rivastigmine treatments for 12–13 days starting at 10 days after OBX operation significantly improved memory‐related behaviors assessed by Y‐maze task, novel object recognition task, passive avoidance task, and Barnes maze task, whereas the single rivastigmine treatment failed to improve the memory. Consistent with the improved memory‐related behaviors, long‐term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region was markedly restored by rivastigmine treatments. In immunoblotting analyses, the reductions of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) autophosphorylation and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) phosphorylation in the CA1 region in OBX mice were significantly restored by rivastigmine treatments. In addition, phosphorylation of AMPAR subunit glutamate receptor 1 (GluA1) (Ser‐831) and cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein (Ser‐133) as downstream targets of CaMKII and CaMKIV, respectively, in the CA1 region was also significantly restored by chronic rivastigmine treatments. Finally, we confirmed that rivastigmine‐induced improvements of memory‐related behaviors and long‐term potentiation were not obtained in CaMKIIα+/− mice. On the other hand, CaMKIV−/− mice did not exhibit the cognitive impairments. Taken together, the stimulation of CaMKII activity in the hippocampus is essential for rivastigmine‐induced memory improvement in OBX mice.
imageWe performed that whether chronic rivastigmine treatments improve hippocampal LTP in CA1 from CaMKIIα+/− mice. Rivastigmine treatments failed to improve LTP in CA1. In immunoblotting analysis, rivastigmine did not affect autophosphorylation of CaMKIIα (Thr‐286) in CA1. Lack of rivastigmine effects in CaMKIIα+/− mice confirms that stimulation of CaMKII activity was critical for the rivastigmine‐induced memory improvement.
Job scope, affective commitment, and turnover: The moderating role of growth need strength
Authors: Zargar Mahmood Shafeie , Vandenberghe Christian , Marchand Catherine , Ayed Ahmed Khalil Ben 
Published: October 2013

Using a sample of business alumni from multiple organizations (N = 230), we examined the relationships of job scope to actual turnover, measured 15 months later, as mediated by affective commitment and moderated by growth need strength (which was operationalized through learning goal orientation, need for achievement, and proactive personality as first‐order factors). Moderated mediation analyses (Edwards & Lambert, 2007, Psychol. Methods, 12, 1–22) revealed that: (1) job scope's relationship to commitment was stronger at high levels of growth need strength; (2) the indirect effect of job scope on turnover was stronger at high levels of growth need strength; and (3) growth need strength had a residual, positive relationship to turnover. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of how motivation‐related individual difference variables combine with job characteristics and commitment in explaining turnover decisions.Practitioner points

Organizations should provide challenging job characteristics to employees with high growth need as this may lead to increased affective commitment and lower turnover rates.

For employees with weak growth needs, organizations may build climates for learning, achievement, and self‐initiative as this may create the conditions for the emergence of commitment and reduce turnover.
Screening diagnostics to identify triggers in 21 cases of steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis
Authors: Rose J. H. , Harcourt‐Brown T. R. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether screening tests used to identify infectious and neoplastic triggers for immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia, in particular a complete blood count and differential, serum biochemistry profile, urine analysis (including culture), abdominal ultrasound and thoracic radiographs, can identify triggers for steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis.MethodsRetrospective descriptive review.ResultsTwenty‐one steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis cases were identified in which all screening tests had been performed. All cases had changes in complete blood count (including neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphocytosis, eosinopenia or anaemia); 19 had changes in biochemistry (including hypoalbuminaemia, hyperglobulinaemia, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, hyperphosphataemia, increased total calcium concentration, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperkalaemia, increased urea concentration and increased alanine aminotransferase activity); two cases had an elevated urine protein to creatinine ratio but none had positive urine culture results; no cases had abnormalities on orthogonal radiographs of the thorax; four cases had abnormalities identified on abdominal ultrasound, which following cytological examination suggested inflammation in the absence of pathological organisms.Clinical SignificanceScreening tests used to identify infectious and neoplastic triggers in immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia did not isolate triggers for steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis in the population of dogs under investigation.
Comparison of surgical duration of canine ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy in a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Harris K. P. , Adams V. J. , Fordyce P. , Ladlow J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo prospectively evaluate ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy via midline coeliotomy when being employed by supervised final year veterinary students for the purpose of routine canine neutering.MethodsOne hundred and eight female dogs of various breeds, presented to a veterinary teaching hospital for neutering, were randomly allocated to one of two surgery groups, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy. The specified procedure was performed by a supervised final year veterinary student. If the duration of surgery exceeded 2 hours or if major surgical or anaesthetic complications occurred, the supervising surgeon intervened to complete the procedure.ResultsData analysed included age, weight, time from first incision to start of closure, duration of closure, total surgical time and length of incision. Fifty‐four dogs underwent each procedure. There was no significant difference between the two surgery groups for any of the measured variables.Clinical SignificanceOvariectomy is not associated with shorter surgical times or smaller abdominal incisions than ovariohysterectomy when employed by inexperienced surgeons. As no major complications novel to ovariectomy occurred in this cohort of dogs, this study adds support to the existing literature indicating that ovariectomy is an acceptable alternative to ovariohysterectomy for canine neutering.
The Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction among Male Patients on Methadone and Buprenorphine Treatments: A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Yee Anne , Loh Huai Seng , Hisham Hashim Helenna Maria bt , Ng Chong Guan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Introduction
For many years, methadone has been recognized as an effective maintenance treatment for opioid dependence. However, of the many adverse events reported, sexual dysfunction is one of the most common side effects.

Aim
We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among male patients on methadone and buprenorphine treatments.

Methods
Relevant studies published from inception until December 2012 were identified by searching PubMed, OVID, and Embase. Studies were selected using prior defined criteria. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and odds ratio were assessed thoroughly.

Main Outcome Measures
To examine the prevalence and odds ratio of sexual dysfunctions among the methadone and buprenorphine groups.

Results
A total of 1,570 participants from 16 eligible studies were identified in this meta-analysis. The studies provided prevalence estimates for sexual dysfunction among methadone users with a meta-analytical pooled prevalence of 52% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39–0.65). Only four studies compared sexual dysfunction between the two groups, with a significantly higher combined odds ratio in the methadone group (OR = 4.01, 95% CI, 1.52–10.55, P = 0.0049).

Conclusions
Evidence showed that the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was higher among the users of methadone compared with buprenorphine. Patients with sexual difficulty while on methadone treatment were advised to switch to buprenorphine.
Replication of the Escherichia coli chromosome in RNase HI‐deficient cells: multiple initiation regions and fork dynamics
Authors: Maduike Nkabuije Z. , Tehranchi Ashley K. , Wang Jue D. , Kreuzer Kenneth N. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryDNA replication in Escherichia coli is normally initiated at a single origin, oriC, dependent on initiation protein DnaA. However, replication can be initiated elsewhere on the chromosome at multiple ectopic oriK sites. Genetic evidence indicates that initiation from oriK depends on RNA‐DNA hybrids (R‐loops), which are normally removed by enzymes such as RNase HI to prevent oriK from misfiring during normal growth. Initiation from oriK sites occurs in RNase HI‐deficient mutants, and possibly in wild‐type cells under certain unusual conditions. Despite previous work, the locations of oriK and their impact on genome stability remain unclear. We combined 2D gel electrophoresis and whole genome approaches to map genome‐wide oriK locations. The DNA copy number profiles of various RNase HI‐deficient strains contained multiple peaks, often in consistent locations, identifying candidate oriK sites. Removal of RNase HI protein also leads to global alterations of replication fork migration patterns, often opposite to normal replication directions, and presumably eukaryote‐like replication fork merging. Our results have implications for genome stability, offering a new understanding of how RNase HI deficiency results in R‐loop‐mediated transcription‐replication conflict, as well as inappropriate replication stalling or blockage at Ter sites outside of the terminus trap region and at ribosomal operons.
Evolution of a symbiotic receptor through gene duplications in the legume–rhizobium mutualism
Authors: De Mita Stéphane , Streng Arend , Bisseling Ton , Geurts René 
Published: October 2013

Summary

The symbiosis between legumes and nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia co‐opted pre‐existing endomycorrhizal features. In particular, both symbionts release lipo‐chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) that are recognized by LysM‐type receptor kinases. We investigated the evolutionary history of rhizobial LCO receptor genes MtLYK3‐LjNFR1 to gain insight into the evolutionary origin of the rhizobial symbiosis.

We performed a phylogenetic analysis integrating gene copies from nonlegumes and legumes, including the non‐nodulating, phylogenetically basal legume Cercis chinensis. Signatures of differentiation between copies were investigated through patterns of molecular evolution.

We show that two rounds of duplication preceded the evolution of the rhizobial symbiosis in legumes. Molecular evolution patterns indicate that the resulting three paralogous gene copies experienced different selective constraints. In particular, one copy maintained the ancestral function, and another specialized into perception of rhizobial LCOs. It has been suggested that legume LCO receptors evolved from a putative ancestral defense‐related chitin receptor through the acquisition of two kinase motifs. However, the phylogenetic analysis shows that these domains are actually ancestral, suggesting that this scenario is unlikely.

Our study underlines the evolutionary significance of gene duplication and subsequent neofunctionalization in MtLYK3‐LjNFR1 genes. We hypothesize that their ancestor was more likely a mycorrhizal LCO receptor, than a defense‐related receptor kinase.
Increasing atmospheric CO2 overrides the historical legacy of multiple stable biome states in Africa
Authors: Moncrieff Glenn R. , Scheiter Simon , Bond William J. , Higgins Steven I. 
Published: October 2013

Summary

The dominant vegetation over much of the global land surface is not predetermined by contemporary climate, but also influenced by past environmental conditions. This confounds attempts to predict current and future biome distributions, because even a perfect model would project multiple possible biomes without knowledge of the historical vegetation state.

Here we compare the distribution of tree‐ and grass‐dominated biomes across Africa simulated using a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM). We explicitly evaluate where and under what conditions multiple stable biome states are possible for current and projected future climates.

Our simulation results show that multiple stable biomes states are possible for vast areas of tropical and subtropical Africa under current conditions. Widespread loss of the potential for multiple stable biomes states is projected in the 21st Century, driven by increasing atmospheric CO2. Many sites where currently both tree‐dominated and grass‐dominated biomes are possible become deterministically tree‐dominated.

Regions with multiple stable biome states are widespread and require consideration when attempting to predict future vegetation changes. Testing for behaviour characteristic of systems with multiple stable equilibria, such as hysteresis and dependence on historical conditions, and the resulting uncertainty in simulated vegetation, will lead to improved projections of global change impacts.