bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased miR‐146 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is correlated with ongoing islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes patients 1型糖尿病患者外周血单个核细胞miR‐146表达下调与胰岛持续免疫失衡相关
Authors: Yang Minglan , Ye Lei , Wang Bokai , Gao Jie , Liu Ruixin , Hong Jie , Wang Weiqing , Gu Weiqiong , Ning Guang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a common autoimmune disease mediated by autoimmune attack against pancreatic β‐cells. It has been reported that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including T1D. The aim of the present study was to identify pathogenic miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of T1D patients.MethodsGlobal miRNA and mRNA expression was profiled in PBMC from 12 patients with newly diagnosed T1D and 10 normal controls. Differently expressed miRNAs were validated in an independent set of patients and controls. The dynamic changes in miRNA and target gene expression were analyzed in T1D patients treated with either a short (6 months) or long (12–24 months) course of insulin. The association between miRNA expression and serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) titers was also investigated.ResultsCompared with normal controls, there were 26 miRNAs and 1218 genes differently expressed in PBMC of patients with newly diagnosed T1D. The greatest downregulation was for miR‐146a (48% decrease; P < 0.05). Expression of its target genes, predicted to be tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6), B cell CLL/lymphoma 11A (BCL11A), syntaxin 3 (STX3) and numb homolog (NUMB), was upregulated. Moreover, T1D patients on long‐course insulin and optimized glucose control had sustained low expression of miR‐146. Interestingly, decreased miR‐146a expression was significantly associated with high serum GADA titers (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results suggest that dysregulation of miR‐146 expression in PBMC may be associated with the ongoing autoimmune imbalance in T1D patients.
Stability and predictive utility, over 3 years, of the illness beliefs of individuals recently diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Skinner T. C. , Khunti K. , Carey M. E. , Dallosso H. , Heller S. , Davies M. J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimTo determine the stability of beliefs of patients with Type 2 diabetes about their diabetes over 3 years, following diagnosis.MethodsData were collected as part of a multicentre cluster randomized controlled trial of a 6‐h self‐management programme, across 207 general practices in the UK. Participants in the original trial were eligible for follow‐up with biomedical data (HbA1c levels, blood pressure, weight, blood lipid levels) collected at the practice, and questionnaire data collected by postal distribution and return. Psychological outcome measures were depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes scale). Illness beliefs were assessed using the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire‐Revised and the Diabetes Illness Representations Questionnaire scales.ResultsAt 3‐year follow‐up, all post‐intervention differences in illness beliefs between the intervention and the control group remained significant, with perceptions of the duration of diabetes, seriousness of diabetes and perceived impact of diabetes unchanged over the course of the 3‐year follow‐up. The control group reported a greater understanding of diabetes during the follow‐up, and the intervention group reported decreased responsibility for diabetes outcomes during the follow‐up. After controlling for 4‐month levels of distress and depression, the perceived impact of diabetes at 4 months remained a significant predictor of distress and depression at 3‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsPeoples' beliefs about diabetes are formed quickly after diagnosis, and thereafter seem to be relatively stable over extended follow‐up. These early illness beliefs are predictive of later psychological distress, and emphasize the importance of initial context and provision of diabetes care in shaping participants' future well‐being.
Morphology of sensory papillae on the feeding proboscis of cone snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda)
Authors: James David , Prator Cecilia A. , Martin Gary G. , Schulz Joseph R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCone snails, predatory marine gastropods, have developed a specialized prey capture method in which a long, distensible proboscis is used to identify prey and inject venom via a hydraulically propelled hollow radular tooth. Using brightfield, epifluorescence, confocal, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy, we describe the morphology of ciliated sensory structures concentrated on the tip of the proboscis. The number and morphology of these sensory papillae are linked to the type of preferred prey: cone snails feeding on worms and mollusks have short, cone or finger‐shaped papillae, whereas fish‐hunting cone snails have long tubular papillae in addition to short conical papillae. Sensory papillae are well positioned to provide information necessary to locate, identify, and dispatch prey. Proboscis tips and their sensory papillae regenerated within 10 d following experimental ablation, and snails with regenerated proboscis tips were able to locate and envenomate prey. The remarkable intrageneric variation found in the morphology of these sensory structures is probably linked to the specialized prey that cone snail species have evolved to hunt.
Understanding health care delivery as a complex system
Authors: Sturmberg Joachim , Lanham Holly J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe concept of emergence offers a new way of thinking about multimorbidity and chronic disease.Results and conclusionsMultimorbidity and chronic disease are the end results of ongoing perturbations and interconnected activities of simpler substructures that collectively constitute the complex adaptive superstructure known as us, the person or patient. Medical interventions cause perturbations of many different subsystems within the patient, hence they are not limited to the person's bodily function, but also affect his general health perception and his interactions with his external environments. Changes in these domains inevitably have consequences on body function, and close the feedback loop of illness/disease, recovery and regained health.
Individual and contextual determinants of innovative work behaviour: Proactive goal generation matters
Authors: Montani Francesco , Odoardi Carlo , Battistelli Adalgisa 
Published: May 2014

This study examines the extent to which proactive goal generation is a self‐regulatory mechanism that explains how individual and contextual factors influence employee innovative work behaviour. Specifically, it is proposed that learning goal orientation (LGO), psychological climate for innovation, and task variety positively and indirectly influence innovative behaviour via proactive goal generation activities, namely envisioning and planning. Additionally, LGO is expected to positively moderate the planning–innovation link. Based on data collected at two points in time on a sample of 107 employees from 12 small Italian enterprises, we found that envisioning and planning mediated the positive impact of LGO, psychological climate for innovation, and task variety on innovative behaviour. Furthermore, the relationship between planning and innovative behaviour was stronger when LGO was higher. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.Practitioner points

Individual engagement in proactive goal‐regulatory activities is an important driver of workplace innovative behaviour. It is hence worthwhile for managers to provide employees with practical tools and guidelines to develop their proactive goal‐setting and goal‐planning skills.

Learning goal orientation, psychological climate for innovation, and task variety indirectly shape innovative work behaviour by affecting envisioning and planning processes. In order to increase employees' motivation to engage in proactive goal generation tasks, managers should thus promote the development of a change‐oriented work environment, ensure an adequate amount of variety in the execution of work activities, and retain and develop a learning‐oriented workforce.

Learning goal orientation is a boundary condition associated with planning's effects on innovative behaviour. Managers should hence emphasize skill development and the use of flexible approaches in the execution of plans and tasks.
Impacts of altered precipitation, nitrogen deposition and plant competition on a Mediterranean seed bank
Authors: Ochoa‐Hueso Raúl , Manrique Esteban 
Published: May 2014

AbstractQuestionsDo increased nitrogen (N) fertilization, altered water supply and increased competition by a nitrophilous plant species alter the establishment of the plant community developed from the soil seed bank present in a semi‐arid Mediterranean ecosystem under greenhouse conditions? Does the nitrophilous plant respond in the same way to N addition under field conditions?LocationThe kermes oak/rosemary shrubland in the Nature Reserve El Regajal‐Mar de Ontígola, central Spain.MethodsIn September 2008, native soil seed bank was collected in open areas dominated by rosemary shrubs. Seeds of the nitrophilous Diplotaxis siifolia were collected in early summer 2008. Pots with aliquots of soil were distributed among eight treatments, which resulted from combinations of two levels of N fertilization, water supply and density of D. siifolia in the seed bank. The plant community was left to grow for 3 mo, when chlorophyll fluorescence measurements and harvests were made. In summer 2008, the soil seed bank density of 0 and 50 kg N·ha−1·yr−1 plots was also manipulated in the field by broadcasting seeds to a density of 8000 D. siifolia seeds·m−2.ResultsIncreased N and competition tended to reduce soil water content in ‘high water’ pots. High water and N fertilization increased total above‐ and below‐ground plant biomass production. Nitrogen fertilization reduced plant root:shoot ratio, had a negative effect on plant richness and, coupled with ‘high competition’ and ‘high water’, reduced forb biomass productivity. The competition treatment decreased chlorophyll fluorescence in grasses. Under field conditions, N fertilization increased D. siifolia density and this effect was dependent on soil phosphorus availability.ConclusionsOur results show that nitrophilous plant species such as D. siifolia can be a threat to local plant communities in the context of increased N deposition and altered precipitation events. In particular, local plant communities from semi‐arid Mediterranean climates, and especially the forb element, may suffer more from competition in highly polluted and invaded sites during unusually wet years. Finally, we predict a future increase in the relative dominance of these species in semi‐arid Mediterranean environments where forb species typically adapted to low‐nutrient environments will fail to successfully compete with weeds.
Let's Get Messi? Top‐Scorer Productivity in the European Champions League
Authors: Fry Tim R. L. , Galanos Guillaume , Posso Alberto 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGetting a player like Lionel Messi in the squad would seem like a dream come true for a professional football manager, but is it always best to have top‐quality players? We study the determinants of top goal‐scorers’ productivity in the UEFA Champions League. We find evidence of a concave relationship between age and productivity and uncover an inverted‐U relationship between performance and minutes played. Finally, we find a positive effect on height, being left footed and being a striker on the probability of scoring a goal. The results have important implications for managers both in looking to sign on new players and to maximise their potential during a competitive match.
Competition Between Exclusive Religions: The Counter‐Reformation As Entry Deterrence
Authors: Ferrero Mario 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article sets forth a theory of competition between exclusive religions as an entry deterrence game, in which the incumbent may find it profitable not to accommodate but to deter the competitor's entry by precommitting to sufficient capacity expansion in the event of entry. If entry costs are high enough, deterrence is optimal and the incumbent remains a monopolist, although the entry threat distorts its effort upward. The model is then applied to the Catholic Church's reaction to the Protestant Reformation. It is argued that the model provides a better fit to the historical data of the Counter‐Reformation than the price‐cutting model proposed by economists Ekelund, Hébert and Tollison (, ).
Comparison of the Sysmex XT‐2000iV and microscopic bone marrow differential counts in Wistar rats treated with cyclophosphamide, erythropoietin, or serial phlebotomy
Authors: Criswell Kay A. , Bock Jeffrey H. , Wildeboer Samantha E. , Johnson Kjell , Giovanelli Richard P. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundIn a previous study, it was demonstrated that bone marrow analysis using the Sysmex XT‐2000iV hematology analyzer produced differential counts in untreated rats that were comparable to microscopic differential counts.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to modulate hematopoiesis in rats in vivo either through pharmacologic treatment or serial phlebotomy, and to determine whether the Sysmex XT‐2000iV could accurately analyze bone marrow quantitative changes when compared with results obtained by microscopy.MethodsRats were treated once with 0, 5, 20, and 40 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CP), 0, 50, 100 IU/kg erythropoietin (EPO) on 4 consecutive days, or serial phlebotomy of 1–2 mL of blood for 4 days. Modulation of hematopoietic populations in bone marrow was evaluated using the Sysmex XT‐2000iV hematology analyzer, and compared with microscopic differential counts.ResultsCorrelation coefficients between M:E ratios determined by Sysmex and the microscopic method were 0.94, 0.96, and 0.98 for CP, EPO, or serial phlebotomy treatments, respectively. Mean concordance correlation coefficients for M:E demonstrated method agreement of 0.63, 0.92, and 0.85 for the 3 treatments. Quantitative automated and microscopic bone marrow differential counts were within the expected 95% confidence intervals for CP, EPO or serial phlebotomy.ConclusionsThe Sysmex XT‐2000iV provides quantitative bone marrow differential counts of bone marrow cell series in rats with treatment‐induced changes which are comparable to microscopic differential counts. Reliable automatic bone marrow differential counting allows increased throughput, sensitivity, reproducibility, and enhanced interpretation of bone marrow evaluation in rodent preclinical studies.
Performance of seven serological assays for diagnosing tularemia
Authors: Chaignat Valérie , Djordjevic-Spasic Marina , Ruettger Anke , Otto Peter , Klimpel Diana , Müller Wolfgang , Sachse Konrad , Araj George , Diller Roland , Tomaso Herbert 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Tularemia is a rare zoonotic disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. Serology is frequently the preferred diagnostic approach, because the pathogen is highly infectious and difficult to cultivate. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of tularemia specific tests.

Methods
The Serazym®Anti-Francisella tularensis ELISA, Serion ELISA classic Francisella tularensis IgG/IgM, an in-house ELISA, the VIRapid® Tularemia immunochromatographic test, an in-house antigen microarray, and a Western Blot (WB) assay were evaluated. The diagnosis tularemia was established using a standard micro-agglutination assay. In total, 135 sera from a series of 110 consecutive tularemia patients were tested.

Results
The diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity of the tests were VIRapid (97.0% and 84.0%), Serion IgG (96.3% and 96.8%), Serion IgM (94.8% and 96.8%), Serazym (97.0% and 91.5%), in-house ELISA (95.6% and 76.6%), WB (93.3% and 83.0%), microarray (91.1% and 97.9%).

Conclusions
The diagnostic value of the commercial assays was proven, because the diagnostic accuracy was >90%. The diagnostic sensitivity of the in-house ELISA and the WB were acceptable, but the diagnostic accuracy was <90%. Interestingly, the antigen microarray test was very specific and had a very good positive predictive value.
Biossegurança na odontologia
Authors: Bezerra André Luiz Dantas , Sousa Milena Nunes Alves de , Feitosa Ankilma Do Nascimento Andrade , Assis Elisangela Vilar de , Barros Criseuda Maria Benício , Carolino Eclivaneide Caldas de Abreu 
Published: May 2014

Introdução: As atividades laborais, de modo geral, expõem os trabalhadores a riscos ocupacionais dos mais variados. Esses riscos incluem agentes físicos, químicos, ergonômicos, de acidentes e biológicos. O contato rotineiro com esses últimos deve ser motivo de reflexão e intervenção. Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos da biossegurança na odontologia. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão do estado da arte, adotando-se critérios para análise dos trabalhos mais diretamente relacionados à prática odontológica. A partir dos descritores controlados (DeCS) "biossegurança" e "odontologia", procederam-se a busca na Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, na Scientific Electronic Library Online, na National Library of Medicine e na Biblioteca Cochrane. Resultados: Com a associação entre os DeCS, chegou-se a 66 artigos, porém, após refinamento foram incluídos nesta revisão 12 artigos. Nos resultados foi evidenciado que a produção científica sobre biossegurança é vasta, bem como é ampla na odontologia, contudo, quando da concentração de trabalhos contempladores da associação dos termos biossegurança e odontologia, a quantidade de estudos diminui consideravelmente. Não obstante, as pesquisas foram, em sua maioria, desenvolvidas por estudiosos nacionais, da região nordeste e evidenciaram que o conhecimento e a adoção de medidas de segurança biológica na área ainda são insuficientes para garantir a proteção da equipe e dos pacientes qualitativamente. Conclusão: Sugere-se que as normas de precaução padrão sejam seguidas rigidamente e que ações de educação sejam promovidas entre os profissionais.
The triple oxygen isotope tracer of primary productivity in a dynamic ocean model
Authors: Nicholson David , Stanley Rachel H. R. , Doney Scott C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe triple oxygen isotopic composition of dissolved oxygen (17Δdis) was added to the ocean ecosystem and biogeochemistry component of the Community Earth System Model, version 1.1.1. Model simulations were used to investigate the biological and physical dynamics of 17Δdis and assess its application as a tracer of gross photosynthetic production (gross oxygen production (GOP)) of O2 in the ocean mixed layer. The model reproduced large‐scale patterns of 17Δdis found in observational data across diverse biogeographical provinces. Mixed layer model performance was best in the Pacific and had a negative bias in the North Atlantic and a positive bias in the Southern Ocean. Based on model results, the steady state equation commonly used to calculate GOP from tracer values overestimated the globally averaged model GOP by 29%. Vertical entrainment/mixing and the time rate of change of 17Δdis were the two largest sources of bias when applying the steady state method to calculate GOP. Entrainment/mixing resulted in the largest overestimation in midlatitudes and during summer and fall and almost never caused an underestimation of GOP. The tracer time rate of change bias resulted both in underestimation of GOP (e.g., during spring blooms at high latitudes) and overestimation (e.g., during the summer following a bloom). Seasonally, bias was highest in the fall (September‐October‐November in the Northern Hemisphere, March‐April‐May in the Southern), overestimating GOP by 62%, globally averaged. Overall, the steady state method was most accurate in equatorial and low‐latitude regions where it estimated GOP to within ±10%. Field applicable correction terms are derived for entrainment and mixing that capture 86% of model vertical bias and require only mixed layer depth history and triple oxygen isotope measurements from two depths.
Experimental examination of the relationships among chemico‐osmotic, hydraulic, and diffusion parameters of Wakkanai mudstones
Authors: Takeda M. , Hiratsuka T. , Manaka M. , Finsterle S. , Ito K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSequential permeability and chemical osmosis experiments on Wakkanai mudstones were performed to explore the relationships between the semipermeability of clayey rocks and the hydraulic and diffusion parameters as well as the pore structure characteristics. The wide ranges in osmotic efficiency (0.0004–0.046) and intrinsic permeability (8.92 × 10−20 to 1.24 × 10−17 m2) reflect the variation in the pore size distributions of the Wakkanai mudstones. A regression analysis between osmotic efficiency and permeability shows that the osmotic efficiency is proportional to the inverse of permeability, suggesting that the permeability is indeed indicative of the degree of semipermeability. Osmotic efficiency was determined invariant with the effective diffusion coefficient for the Wakkanai mudstones (3.59–8.36 × 10−11 m2/s) due to their small osmotic efficiencies (≤0.046). The wide variation in osmotic efficiencies and pore structure characteristics of Wakkanai mudstones indicates that the nanoscale pores enable semipermeability in Wakkanai mudstones. However, the pressure evolution caused by chemical osmosis is limited by the connected wide pores that are the main conduits for water, thus dissipating the osmotic pressure buildup induced by the semipermeability of nanoscale pores.
Atmosphere/mantle coupling and feedbacks on Venus
Authors: Gillmann Cedric , Tackley Paul 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe investigate the coupled evolution of the atmosphere and mantle on Venus. Here we focus on mechanisms that deplete or replenish the atmosphere: atmospheric escape to space and volcanic degassing of the mantle. These processes are linked to obtain a coupled model of mantle convection and atmospheric evolution, including feedback of the atmosphere on the mantle via the surface temperature. During early atmospheric evolution, hydrodynamic escape is dominant, while for later evolution we focus on nonthermal escape, as observed by the Analyzer of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms instrument on the Venus Express Mission. The atmosphere is replenished by volcanic degassing from the mantle, using mantle convection simulations based on those of Armann and Tackley [2012], and include episodic lithospheric overturn. The evolving surface temperature is calculated from the amount of CO2 and water in the atmosphere using a gray radiative‐convective atmosphere model. This surface temperature in turn acts as a boundary condition for the mantle convection model. We obtain a Venus‐like behavior (episodic lid) for the solid planet and an atmospheric evolution leading to the present conditions. CO2 pressure is unlikely to vary much over the history of the planet, with only a 0.25–20% postmagma‐ocean buildup. In contrast, atmospheric water vapor pressure is strongly sensitive to volcanic activity, leading to variations in surface temperatures of up to 200 K, which have an effect on volcanic activity and mantle convection. Low surface temperatures trigger a mobile lid regime that stops once surface temperatures rise again, making way to stagnant lid convection that insulates the mantle.