bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ÖĞRENCİLERİN ZAMAN YÖNETİMİ BECERİLERİ İLE AKADEMİK BAŞARILARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Authors: Kibar Burcu , Fidan Yahya , Yıldıran Canan 
Published: February 2015

Günümüzde, zaman hızla tüketilmektedir ve hemen herkes zamanının olmamasından yakınmaktadır. İstenen ise belirli bir süre içinde en fazla zamanı değerlendirmektir. Bu, zaman içinde kendimizi yönetmekle mümkündür. Zaman yönetimi, kişinin iş ve özel hayatında etkili ve verimli olmasını sağlar. Zaman yönetimi bilinci, çocukluktan başlar, üniversite döneminde olgunlaşır ve gelişir. Özellikle üniversite öğrencileri için zaman yönetimi, derslerinde iyi notlar almak için hayati önem taşır. Bu nedenle öğrencilerin, zamanlarını nasıl yöneteceklerini ve iyi bir eğitim ve iş hayatına sahip olmak için zaman yönetimi becerilerini nasıl geliştireceklerini öğrenmeleri gerekir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin zaman yönetimi becerileri ile akademik başarıları arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığının belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla, 2012-2013 Bahar döneminde Karabük Üniversitesi Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi ve Edebiyat Fakültesi 3. ve 4. sınıflarında öğrenim gören öğrenciler çalışma grubu olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma grubuna anket formu uygulanmıştır. Anket formu literatür incelenerek oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonucuna göre, öğrencilerin zaman yönetimi becerileri ile akademik başarıları arasında ilişki vardır. Zaman yönetimi becerileri öğrencilerin cinsiyetlerine, sınıf düzeylerine, yaşadıkları yere ve öğrenim gördükleri fakültelere göre değişmektedir.
Prothrombotic changes due to an increase in thyroid hormone levels
Authors: Horacek Jiri , Maly Jaroslav , Svilias Ioannis , Smolej Lukas , Cepkova Jitka , Vizda Jaroslav , Sadilek Petr , Fatorova Ilona , Zak Pavel 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveWith increasing free thyroxine levels, a gradually rising risk of venous thromboembolism has been described in case–control studies. However, reports on the influence of thyroid hormones on haemostasis, while suggesting a hypercoagulable state in thyrotoxicosis, have often been inconclusive. This study evaluates multiple markers of haemostasis and fibrinolysis in a paired design, making it more sensitive to changes in thyroid hormone levels.DesignWe analysed multiple variables in patients who shifted from severe hypothyroidism to mild hyperthyroidism during thyroid cancer treatment. Those with possible residual disease were excluded.MethodsNinety patients following total thyroidectomy were tested on two occasions: i) before radioiodine remnant ablation and ii) 6 weeks later, on levothyroxine (lT4) suppression treatment, and the results were compared using the Wilcoxon's test for paired data.ResultsDuring lT4 treatment, significant increases (all P<0.001) in fibrinogen (from median 3.4 to 3.8 g/l), von Willebrand factor (from 85 to 127%), factor VIII (from 111 to 148%) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (from 6.5 to 13.9 μg/l) were observed. In addition, the activation times of platelet adhesion and aggregation stimulated with collagen and epinephrine (EPI)/ADP, i.e. closure times in platelet function analyser (PFA-100), were significantly shortened (P<0.001): for EPI from median 148 to 117 s and for ADP from 95 to 80 s. Changes in other tests were less prominent or insignificant.ConclusionsAn increase in thyroid hormone levels shifts the haemostatic balance towards a hypercoagulable, hypofibrinolytic state. This may contribute to the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed even in mild thyrotoxicosis.
Complications of injectable testosterone undecanoate in routine clinical practice
Authors: Middleton T , Turner L , Fennell C , Savkovic S , Jayadev V , Conway A J , Handelsman D J 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveInjectable testosterone undecanoate (TU) was marketed within the last decade, but its complications in routine clinical practice are not well defined.Design and methodsProspective observational study of consecutive TU injections in an Andrology Clinic to estimate the incidence of i) immediate cough/syncope due to pulmonary oil microembolisation (POME), ii) post-injection haematoma and iii) the prevalence of secondary polycythaemia.ResultsIn 3022 injections given to 347 patients over 3.5 years, POME was observed after 56 injections (66% mild, 19% severe; 40% with onset before injection completed) in 43 patients. The incidence of 19 (95% CI 14–24) per 1000 injections did not differ between three experienced nurse injectors, but recurrences were more frequent than by chance. No post-injection haematoma was reported including after 269 injections to men taking antiplatelet, anticoagulant or both drugs (upper 95% confidence limit 1%) with 56 not withholding drugs prior to TU administration (upper 95% confidence limit 5.4%). Mean haematocrit was 0.44±0.04 (s.d.) with 25 (7%) >0.50, 14 (4%) >0.52 and 3 (1%) >0.54.ConclusionTU injections produce a low incidence of POME with injections by experienced nurses, but recurrence is more frequent than by chance. Post-injection haematoma was not observed even among men using anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs, and polycythaemia was a minor problem rarely requiring treatment other than optimising inter-injection interval.
Selection for Silage Yield and Composition Did Not Affect Genomic Diversity Within the Wisconsin Quality Synthetic Maize Population
Authors: Lorenz Aaron J , Beissinger Timothy M , Silva Renato Rodrigues , de Leon Natalia 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMaize silage is forage of high quality and yield, and represents the second most important use of maize in the United States. The Wisconsin Quality Synthetic (WQS) maize population has undergone five cycles of recurrent selection for silage yield and composition, resulting in a genetically improved population. The application of high-density molecular markers allows breeders and geneticists to identify important loci through association analysis and selection mapping, as well as to monitor changes in the distribution of genetic diversity across the genome. The objectives of this study were to identify loci controlling variation for maize silage traits through association analysis and the assessment of selection signatures and to describe changes in the genomic distribution of gene diversity through selection and genetic drift in the WQS recurrent selection program. We failed to find any significant marker-trait associations using the historical phenotypic data from WQS breeding trials combined with 17,719 high-quality, informative single nucleotide polymorphisms. Likewise, no strong genomic signatures were left by selection on silage yield and quality in the WQS despite genetic gain for these traits. These results could be due to the genetic complexity underlying these traits, or the role of selection on standing genetic variation. Variation in loss of diversity through drift was observed across the genome. Some large regions experienced much greater loss in diversity than what is expected, suggesting limited recombination combined with small populations in recurrent selection programs could easily lead to fixation of large swaths of the genome.
An Evolutionarily Conserved Switch in Response to GABA Affects Development and Behavior of the Locomotor Circuit of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Han Bingjie , Bellemer Andrew , Koelle Michael R 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is depolarizing in the developing vertebrate brain, but in older animals switches to hyperpolarizing and becomes the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in adults. We discovered a similar developmental switch in GABA response in Caenorhabditis elegans and have genetically analyzed its mechanism and function in a well-defined circuit. Worm GABA neurons innervate body wall muscles to control locomotion. Activation of GABAA receptors with their agonist muscimol in newly hatched first larval (L1) stage animals excites muscle contraction and thus is depolarizing. At the mid-L1 stage, as the GABAergic neurons rewire onto their mature muscle targets, muscimol shifts to relaxing muscles and thus has switched to hyperpolarizing. This muscimol response switch depends on chloride transporters in the muscles analogous to those that control GABA response in mammalian neurons: the chloride accumulator sodium-potassium-chloride-cotransporter-1 (NKCC-1) is required for the early depolarizing muscimol response, while the two chloride extruders potassium-chloride-cotransporter-2 (KCC-2) and anion-bicarbonate-transporter-1 (ABTS-1) are required for the later hyperpolarizing response. Using mutations that disrupt GABA signaling, we found that neural circuit development still proceeds to completion but with an ∼6-hr delay. Using optogenetic activation of GABAergic neurons, we found that endogenous GABAA signaling in early L1 animals, although presumably depolarizing, does not cause an excitatory response. Thus a developmental depolarizing-to-hyperpolarizing shift is an ancient conserved feature of GABA signaling, but existing theories for why this shift occurs appear inadequate to explain its function upon rigorous genetic analysis of a well-defined neural circuit.
Incentives to Promote Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moran Victoria Hall , Morgan Heather , Rothnie Kieran , MacLennan Graeme , Stewart Fiona , Thomson Gillian , Crossland Nicola , Tappin David , Campbell Marion , Hoddinott Pat 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Few women in industrialized countries achieve the World Health Organization’s recommendation to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Governments are increasingly seeking new interventions to address this problem, including the use of incentives. The goal of this study was to assess the evidence regarding the effectiveness of incentive interventions, delivered within or outside of health care settings, to individuals and/or their families seeking to increase and sustain breastfeeding in the first 6 months after birth.METHODS:Searches of electronic databases, reference lists, and grey literature were conducted to identify relevant reports of published, unpublished, and ongoing studies. All study designs published in English, which met our definition of incentives and that were from a developed country, were eligible for inclusion. Abstract and full-text article review with sequential data extraction were conducted by 2 independent authors.RESULTS:Sixteen full reports were included in the review. The majority evaluated multicomponent interventions of varying frequency, intensity, and duration. Incentives involved providing access to breast pumps, gifts, vouchers, money, food packages, and help with household tasks, but little consensus in findings was revealed. The lack of high-quality, randomized controlled trials identified by this review and the multicomponent nature of the interventions prohibited meta-analysis.CONCLUSIONS:This review found that the overall effect of providing incentives for breastfeeding compared with no incentives is unclear due to study heterogeneity and the variation in study quality. Further evidence on breastfeeding incentives offered to women is required to understand the possible effects of these interventions.
A Phase II Study of a Dose-Density Regimen With Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, and Cyclophosphamide on Days 1 and 4 Every 14 Days With Filgrastim Support Followed by Weekly Paclitaxel in Women With Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Pietri Elisabetta , Andreis Daniele , Fabbri Francesca , Menna Cecilia , Schirone Alessio , Kopf Barbara , Rocca Andrea , Amadori Dino , De Giorgi Ugo 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Author Summary

Background.
Recent evidence shows that use of anthracycline and taxane adjuvant chemotherapy and dose-dense regimens, consisting of more frequent administration of the drugs, have improved outcomes for breast cancer patients. In this study, we evaluated administration of an epirubicin-based regimen with paclitaxel in a sequential, dose-dense schedule as adjuvant treatment for patients with high-risk primary breast cancer.

Methods.
In a phase II Simon two-stage design study, we evaluated the feasibility of a modified fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) regimen at high dose intensity (fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 4, epirubicin 60 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 4, and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 4; all drugs were administered every 14 days for 3 cycles) with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support followed by dose-intense weekly paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 for 8 cycles. In 11 patients with breast cancer following quadrantectomy (n = 8) or modified radical mastectomy (n = 3), any grade 3 (G3) or higher nonhematologic toxicity (excluding alopecia, nausea or vomiting, and bone pain, which might be a consequence of the administration of filgrastim) and adherence to the scheduled dose-dense treatment (deliverability) were monitored with the purpose of enrolling an additional 27 patients in the case of a satisfying toxicity profile and deliverability of the planned treatment (at least 7 patients completing the treatment).

Results.
Five of 11 patients experienced G3 or higher nonhematologic toxicity during the FEC regimen. We did not observe G3 or higher nonhematologic toxicity related to paclitaxel treatment. In particular, three patients experienced G3 fatigue, one patient had G3 oral mucositis, three patients had G3 hypokalemia, one patient had G3 syncope, one patient had G3 transaminitis (alanine aminotransferase), one patient experienced G4 pulmonary thromboembolism, and 1 patient had a G3 breast infection. Four of 11 patients received the regimen with a 25% dose reduction of day 1 and 4 administrations of FEC. Seven of 11 patients required FEC delay ≥7 days in at least 1 cycle, regardless of dose intensity. Two patients failed to complete the FEC regimen. Two of the remaining 9 patients were treated with paclitaxel delay ≥7 days in at least one cycle. After a median follow-up of 28 months, 9 patients were continuously disease free.

Conclusion.
The tolerability rate of a dose-density regimen with FEC followed by weekly paclitaxel was considered not promising for completing the accrual of this study.
Is It Important to Adapt Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy to the Visible Clinical Response? An Open Randomized Phase II Study Comparing Response-Guided and Standard Treatments in HER2-Negative Operable Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang-Lopez Qian , Mouret-Reynier Marie-Ange , Savoye Aude-Marie , Abrial Catherine , Kwiatkowski Fabrice , Garbar Christian , DuBray-Longeras Pascale , Eymard Jean-Christophe , Lebouedec Guillaume , Vanpraagh Isabelle , Penault-Llorca Frederique , Chollet Philippe , Cure Hervé 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Author Summary

Background.
Neoadjuvant treatment provides a unique opportunity to evaluate individual tumor sensitivity. This study evaluated whether a response-guided strategy could improve clinical outcome compared with a standard treatment.

Methods.
Overall, 264 previously untreated stage II–III operable breast cancer patients were randomized to receive either standard treatment (arm A, n = 131), consisting of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC100: 500, 100, and 500 mg/m2, respectively, for 3 cycles) followed by docetaxel (100 mg/m2 for 3 cycles), or adapted treatment (arm B, n = 133), beginning with 2 cycles of FEC100 and switching to docetaxel if tumor size decreased by &lt;30% after 2 cycles or &lt;50% after 4 cycles of FEC100 (ultrasound assessments according to World Health Organization criteria). Otherwise, FEC100 was given for six cycles before surgery. Intent-to-treat analysis was performed.

Results.
Similar results were observed for clinical response (objective response was 54% vs 56%, p = .18), breast conservation surgery (BCS; 67% vs 68%, p = .97), and pathological complete response rate (Chevallier classification: 14% vs 11%, p = .68; Statloff classification: 16% vs 13%, p = .82) between arms A and B. Similar toxicities were observed, even with unbalanced numbers of FEC100 and docetaxel courses.

Conclusion.
Adapted and standard treatments had similar results in terms of tumor response, BCS rate, and tolerability. Further survival outcome data are expected.
Periodontal Regeneration – Intrabony Defects: A Systematic Review From the AAP Regeneration Workshop
Authors: Kao Richard T. , Nares Salvador , Reynolds Mark A. 
Published: February 2015

Background: Previous systematic reviews of periodontal regeneration with bone replacement grafts and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) were defined as state of the art for clinical periodontal regeneration as of 2002.Methods: The purpose of this systematic review is to update those consensus reports by reviewing periodontal regeneration approaches developed for the correction of intrabony defects with the focus on patient‐, tooth‐, and site‐centered factors, surgical approaches, surgical determinants, and biologics. This review adheres to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines for systematic reviews.A computerized search of the PubMed and Cochrane databases was performed to evaluate the clinically available regenerative approaches for intrabony defects. The search included screening of original reports, review articles, and reference lists of retrieved articles and hand searches of selected journals.All searches were focused on clinically available regenerative approaches with histologic evidence of periodontal regeneration in humans published in English. For topics in which the literature is lacking, non‐randomized observational and experimental animal model studies were used.Therapeutic endpoints examined included changes in clinical attachment level, changes in bone level/fill, and probing depth. For purposes of analysis, change in bone fill was used as the primary outcome measure, except in cases in which this information was not available. The SORT (Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy) grading scale was used in evaluating the body of knowledge.Results: 1) Fifty‐eight studies provided data on patient, tooth, and surgical‐site considerations in the treatment of intrabony defects. 2) Forty‐five controlled studies provided outcome analysis on the use of biologics for the treatment of intrabony defects.Conclusions: 1) Biologics (enamel matrix derivative and recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB plus β‐tricalcium phosphate) are generally comparable with demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft and GTR and superior to open flap debridement procedures in improving clinical parameters in the treatment of intrabony defects. 2) Histologic evidence of regeneration has been demonstrated with laser therapy; however, data are limited on clinical predictability and effectiveness. 3) Clinical outcomes appear most appreciably influenced by patient behaviors and surgical approach rather than by tooth and defect characteristics. 4) Long‐term studies indicate that improvements in clinical parameters are maintainable up to 10 years, even in severely compromised teeth, consistent with a favorable/good long‐term prognosis.
Optimizing Well Trajectories in Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Reservoir Development
Authors: Dehdari Vahid , Deutsch Clayton V. 
Published: February 2015

Summary
An important task before starting a steam-assisted-gravity-drainage operation is optimizing the location of the well trajectories. There are shale barriers and other heterogeneous features at different positions in these reservoirs. Steam cannot pass a thick shale barrier. Also, if there is a shale barrier between the injector and producer, oil cannot drain to the producer. For these reasons, optimizing the injector- and producer-well trajectories is important. Running the reservoir simulator is time-consuming, and running trial-and-error cases to optimize the producer and injector trajectories is not practical. On the other hand, robust well-trajectory optimization must consider uncertainty in the reservoir parameters. This optimization problem cannot be solved by calling the simulator for many possible trajectories and geostatistical realizations. To tackle this problem, a new semianalytical approximate thermal simulator modeled after Butler's theory (a proxy) has been developed and tested on different synthetic and realistic history-matched 2D and 3D models (Dehdari and Deutsch 2013; Dehdari 2014). Many modifications, extensions, and improvements have been made to Butler's original model. This proxy can be used as a substitute to the reservoir simulator.
In this paper, two methods are tested for well-trajectory optimization. The first method is based on random sampling from a 3D box that has been selected for drilling wells. Then, the differential-evolution-optimization algorithm has been used for automatically improving the trajectory location. The second method is based on parameterizing the trajectory by use of a Hermite spline, then optimizing the parameters of the spline. The producer and injector trajectories of a realistic model with a single realization and a synthetic model with 100 realizations have been optimized by use of these methods.
Flowering Stage Resistance to Bacterial Fruit Blotch in the Watermelon Germplasm Collection
Authors: Ma Shen , Wehner Todd C. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTCucurbit bacterial fruit blotch caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli is a significant threat to watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] production worldwide. In the United States, seedless cultivars are primarily used in watermelon production, which now relies largely on transplant production in greenhouses to ensure a high germination rate. Unfortunately, the warm and humid greenhouse environment provides ideal conditions for the spread of bacterial fruit blotch. Treatments designed to remove bacteria from the surface of the seed coat were investigated previously, but none eliminated the bacteria despite significant reductions reported in research studies. Resistant cultivars offer a solution to the problem if genetic resistance can be identified. The objectives of this study were to (i) identify germplasm resistant to bacterial fruit blotch using the available PI accessions in the USDA germplasm collection and (ii) improve the methods for screening in the field. Field evaluations on the basis of foliar disease symptoms at the flowering stage were conducted at Clinton, NC in 2011 to 2013. The field experiment was a randomized complete block with 1699 cultigens, 3 yr, and two replications of single‐plant plots. Disease rating was on a 0 to 9 scale when the disease was uniformly distributed throughout the field (0 = no symptoms, 1–2 = trace, 3–4 = slight, 5–6 = moderate, 7–8 = severe, and 9 = dead). Plots were rated multiple times each year. Significant differences were found for disease resistance among accessions (P = 0.05). Rating dates having the greatest F ratio for differences among accessions were identified as best ratings for each year–block combination. Resistant accessions have the best ratings (<4.5), low standard deviation across replications, and multiple replication (≥4). The 23 most resistant cultigens originated from Africa, mainly Zimbabwe, Zambia, Republic of South Africa, and Nigeria, and they were either cultivated watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) or citron (C. lanatus var. citroides).