bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticosterone exposure is associated with long‐term changes in DNA methylation, physiology and breeding decisions in a wild bird
Authors: Taff Conor C. , McNew Sabrina M. , Campagna Leonardo , Vitousek Maren N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen facing challenges, vertebrates activate a hormonal stress response that can dramatically alter behaviour and physiology. Although this response can be costly, conceptual models suggest that it can also recalibrate the stress response system, priming more effective responses to future challenges. Little is known about whether this process occurs in wild animals, particularly in adulthood, and if so, how information about prior experience with stressors is encoded. One potential mechanism is hormonally mediated changes in DNA methylation. We simulated the spikes in corticosterone that accompany a stress response using non‐invasive dosing in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and monitored the phenotypic effects 1 year later. In a subset of individuals, we characterized DNA methylation using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing shortly after treatment and a year later. The year after treatment, experimental females had stronger negative feedback and initiated breeding earlier—traits that are associated with stress resilience and reproductive performance in our population—and higher baseline corticosterone. We also found that natural variation in corticosterone predicted patterns of DNA methylation. Finally, corticosterone treatment influenced methylation on short (1–2 weeks) and long (1 year) time scales; however, these changes did not have clear links to functional regulation of the stress response. Taken together, our results are consistent with corticosterone‐induced priming of future stress resilience and support DNA methylation as a potential mechanism, but more work is needed to demonstrate functional consequences. Uncovering the mechanisms linking experience with the response to future challenges has implications for understanding the drivers of stress resilience.
Unhealthy Assimilation or Compositional Differences? Disentangling Immigrants' Mental Health Trajectories with Residence Duration
Authors: Brunori Claudia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStudies have often found that recent immigrants have better mental health than natives, whereas established immigrants have no such advantage. This could be interpreted as evidence for immigrants' mental health deteriorating with residence duration—the “unhealthy assimilation hypothesis.” However, the methods used in the literature are unfit to assess whether the mental health differences between recent and established immigrants are due to individual‐level deterioration in mental health, compositional differences between immigration cohorts, or selective remigration. This is because previous studies mostly rely on cross‐sectional data, incur in overcontrol bias, and/or fail to disentangle variation with time since arrival from variation with age or between cohorts. In this article, I propose a novel analytical strategy to test the unhealthy assimilation hypothesis. Using fixed‐ and random‐effect regressions stratified by immigrants' age at arrival and data from waves 1–11 of the UK household longitudinal study, I find no evidence that immigrants' mental health deteriorates with time since arrival: immigrants' mental health trajectories are in line with natives' trajectories with age, and the cross‐sectional finding of more established immigrants having worse mental health is driven by differences between individuals who migrated at different times.
Prediction and validation of putative candidate genes underlying drought‐tolerant QTLs through in silico and RT‐PCR approaches in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Veerala Priyanka , Chand Pooran , Das Tapas Ranjan , Gangwar Lokesh Kumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the present study, the aim was to predict and validate putative candidate genes underlying drought‐tolerant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in rice crop using in silico approaches and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The genes underlying major drought‐tolerant QTLs which have been reported by data mining, sequence variation, gene ontology analysis, quantitative traits gene finder and gene expression analysis were subjected to RiceVarmap software to design primers, and only a few variants gave the SNP/InDel primers; thus, finally, 15 primers were ultimately selected, which were used in identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among contrasting rice genotypes IR 64 and N 22 for drought tolerance trait using quantitative RT‐PCR studies by providing drought stress treatment during panicle initiation stage. In this investigation, we predicted 11 genes as candidate genes underlying drought‐tolerant QTLs. Out of these, only four QTLs were found responsible for the major effect in drought tolerance regions such as QTL‐Qsn‐4b, QTL‐rn7a, QTL‐Qtgw‐2a and QTL‐phc4.1 and 11 prioritized candidates were identified that expressed in leaf tissues. Only four primers belong to two QTLs, primer vg0712623096 from QTL‐rn7a (LOC_Os07g22450) located on chromosome‐7 encoding NAC domain‐containing protein and the primers vg0431750843(LOC_Os04g53310) encoding soluble starch synthase 3‐ chloroplast precursor, vg0432626757 (LOC_Os04g54850) encoding pectin acetylesterase domain‐containing protein and vg0433031562 (LOC_Os04g55520) encoding AP2 domain‐containing protein, from QTL‐Qsn‐4b, located on chromosome‐4 found to have higher differential expression in N 22 in comparison with IR 64 during drought stress as per quantitative RT‐PCR 2–ΔΔCt values. Considering the overall study, these four primers/genes were identified as candidate genes underlying genomic regions governing drought tolerance. Therefore, these putative candidate genes could be focussed for further functional analysis to exploit in rice breeding.
Using RNA sequencing to unravel molecular changes underlying the defense response in chickpea induced by Phytophthora medicaginis
Authors: Amalraj Amritha , Baumann Ute , Hayes Julie E. , Sutton Tim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhytophthora root rot (PRR), caused by Phytophthora medicaginis, is a major soil‐borne disease of chickpea in Australia. Breeding for PRR resistance is an effective approach to avoid significant yield loss. Genetic resistance has been identified in cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and in the wild relative C. echinospermum, with previous studies identifying independent genetic loci associated with each of these sources. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with PRR resistance are not known. RNA sequencing analysis employed in this study identified changes in gene expression in roots of three chickpea genotypes grown hydroponically, early post‐infection with P. medicaginis zoospores. Analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEG) identified the activation of a higher number of non‐specific R‐genes in a PRR‐susceptible variety than in the resistant genotypes, suggesting a whole plant resistance response occurring in chickpea against the pathogen. Contrasting molecular changes in signaling profiles, proteolysis and transcription factor pathways were observed in the cultivated and wild Cicer‐derived resistant genotypes. DEG patterns supported a hypothesis that increased root elongation and reduced adventitious root formation limit the pathogen entry points in the genotype containing the wild Cicer source of PRR resistance. Candidate resistance genes, including an aquaporin and a maltose transporter in the wild Cicer source and GDSL esterases/lipases in the cultivated source of resistance, were oppositely regulated. Increased knowledge of these genes and pathways will improve our understanding of molecular mechanisms controlling PRR resistance in chickpea, and support the development of elite chickpea varieties through molecular breeding approaches.
Diagnostic measures for monitoring and follow‐up in periodontology and implant dentistry
Authors: Ramseier Christoph A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis review discusses the role of diagnostic measures in the lifelong management of periodontal disease and peri‐implant complications. After active treatment, these conditions require regular monitoring of the supporting structures of teeth and dental implants to assess bone and soft tissue health over time. Several clinical measures have been developed for the routine assessment of periodontal and peri‐implant tissues, including periodontal and peri‐implant probing, bleeding on probing, intraoral radiography, biomarker analysis, and microbiological testing. This review highlights the evolution of diagnostic practices, integrating traditional methods with emerging technologies such as resonance frequency analysis and ultrasound imaging to provide a holistic view of peri‐implant health assessment. In addition to objective measurements, patient risk factors are considered. The goals of periodontal and peri‐implant maintenance are to control disease activity and stabilize tissues through supportive care, which includes diagnostic measures at follow‐up visits. This enables clinicians to monitor treatment outcomes, assess health status, and detect recurrence or progression early through routine evaluation, allowing additional interventions, including adjustment of supportive therapy intervals, to further improve and maintain periodontal and peri‐implant stability over time.
Suppression of excitatory synaptic transmission in the centrolateral amygdala via presynaptic histamine H3 heteroreceptors
Authors: Zhang Bei‐Bei , Ling Xin‐Yu , Shen Qing‐Yi , Zhang Yang‐Xun , Li Qian‐Xiao , Xie Shu‐Tao , Li Hong‐Zhao , Zhang Qi‐Peng , Yung Wing‐Ho , Wang Jian‐Jun , Ke Ya , Zhang Xiao‐Yang , Zhu Jing‐Ning 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe central histaminergic system has a pivotal role in emotional regulation and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. However, the effect of histamine on neuronal activity of the centrolateral amygdala (CeL), an essential node for fear and anxiety processing, remains unknown. Here, using immunostaining and whole‐cell patch clamp recording combined with optogenetic manipulation of histaminergic terminals in CeL slices prepared from histidine decarboxylase (HDC)‐Cre rats, we show that histamine selectively suppresses excitatory synaptic transmissions, including glutamatergic transmission from the basolateral amygdala, on both PKC‐δ‐ and SOM‐positive CeL neurons. The histamine‐induced effect is mediated by H3 receptors expressed on VGLUT1‐/VGLUT2‐positive presynaptic terminals in CeL. Furthermore, optoactivation of histaminergic afferent terminals from the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) also significantly suppresses glutamatergic transmissions in CeL via H3 receptors. Histamine neither modulates inhibitory synaptic transmission by presynaptic H3 receptors nor directly excites CeL neurons by postsynaptic H1, H2 or H4 receptors. These results suggest that histaminergic afferent inputs and presynaptic H3 heteroreceptors may hold a critical position in balancing excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions in CeL by selective modulation of glutamatergic drive, which may not only account for the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders but also provide potential psychotherapeutic targets.
imageKey points
Histamine selectively suppresses the excitatory, rather than inhibitory, synaptic transmissions on both PKC‐δ‐ and SOM‐positive neurons in the centrolateral amygdala (CeL).
H3 receptors expressed on VGLUT1‐ or VGLUT2‐positive afferent terminals mediate the suppression of histamine on glutamatergic synaptic transmission in CeL.
Optogenetic activation of hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN)–CeL histaminergic projections inhibits glutamatergic transmission in CeL via H3 receptors.
Measurement of Laminar Burning Speed of Methane/Hydrogen/Air Mixtures at High Pressures and Temperatures
Authors: Lu Zhenyu , Zhang Yusheng , Metghalchi Hameed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Green hydrogen which could be produced from renewable sources by solar water splitting or photovoltaic electrolysis will play an important role in achieving net-zero in the near future. One possible approach will be to mix hydrogen with natural gas for power generation in gas turbine systems. It is necessary to know the physical properties of burning speed of the mixture of natural gas and hydrogen. Since natural gas is mainly made up of methane, the burning speed of mixtures of methane and hydrogen has been measured and reported in this paper. Adding hydrogen gas during the combustion of methane enhances flame stability, expands the lean flammability range, decreases pollutant emissions, and boosts the burning speed. Burning speed measurement is performed in a cylindrical and spherical chamber. The pressure rise due to combustion was measured by a pressure transducer on the top of cylindrical and spherical chambers. The Z-shaped Schlieren system, equipped with a high-speed complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera, obtains pictures of flame propagation. Laminar burning speed is measured exclusively for flames that have a smooth and spherical shape. In addition, burning speed is only measured for large flame radii with low stretch rates. Burning speed is calculated by a thermodynamic model with the pressure rise data as an input. Measurements cover a wide range of operating conditions. The hydrogen mole fraction is 0%, 20%, and 40%, with temperatures of 298–400 K, pressures between 0.5 and 5.5 atmospheres and equivalence ratios of 0.8, 1, and 1.2.
A Curved Surface Integral Method for Reliability Analysis of Multiple Failure Modes System With Nonoverlapping Failure Domains
Authors: Chen Zhenzhong , Mu Haoxun , Li Xiaoke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the study of reliability of systems with multiple failure modes, approximations can be obtained by calculating the probability of failure for each state function. The first-order reliability method and the second-order reliability method are effective, but they may introduce significant errors when dealing with certain nonlinear situations. Simulation methods such as line sampling method and response surface method can solve implicit function problems, but the large amount of calculation results in low efficiency. The curved surface integral method (CSI) has good accuracy in dealing with nonlinear problems. Therefore, a system reliability analysis method (CSIMMS) is proposed on the basis of CSI for solving multiple failure modes system reliability problems with nonoverlapping failure domains. The order of magnitude of the failure probability is evaluated based on the reliability index and the degree of nonlinearity, ignoring the influence of low order of magnitude failure modes, and reducing the calculation of the system failure probability. Finally, CSIMMS and other methods are compared with three numerical examples, and the results show the stability and accuracy of the proposed method.
Microbiological survey and genomic analysis of
Cronobacter sakazakii
strains isolated from US households and retail foods
Authors: Samadpour Mansour , Benoit Lora , Myoda Sam , Hans Bada , Nadala Cesar , Kim Seong Hong , Themeli Eni , Cantera Ruth , Nguyen Truyen , Richter Hans 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Cronobacter
species are opportunistic pathogens that are capable of causing morbidity and mortality, particularly in infants. Although the transmission dynamics involved in
Cronobacter
infections remain largely unknown, contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF) has been linked to 30% of
Cronobacter sakazakii
cases involving invasive illness in infants. As several lines of evidence have implicated the domestic environment in PIF contamination, we undertook a microbiological survey of homes (
N
= 263) across the US.
Cronobacter
spp. and
C. sakazakii
were isolated from 36.1% and 24.7% of US homes, respectively, with higher recovery rates observed for floor and kitchen surfaces. Multi-locus sequence typing indicated that the dominant strain was
C. sakazakii
ST4, the sequence type most commonly associated with neonatal meningitis. For comparison purposes, retail foods (
N
= 4,009) were also surveyed, with the highest contamination frequencies (10.1%–26.3%) seen for nut products, seeds, and grains/baked goods/flours. The sequence type profile of isolates recovered from homes mirrored that of isolates recovered from retail foods, with increased representation of ST1, ST4, ST13, ST17, and ST40. Analysis of 386 whole genomic sequences revealed significant diversity. Redundancies were only observed for isolates recovered from within the same domicile, and there were no identical matches with sequences archived at the NCBI pathogen database. Genes coding for putative virulence and antibiotic resistance factors did not segregate with clinically significant sequence types. Collectively, these findings support the possibility that contamination events occurring within the home should not be overlooked as a contributor to community-onset
Cronobacter
infections.

IMPORTANCE

Cronobacter sakazakii
is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause significant morbidity and mortality in neonates. Its transmission dynamics are poorly understood, though powered infant formula (PIF) is thought to be the major transmission vehicle. How the PIF becomes contaminated remains unknown. Our survey shows that roughly 1/4 of US homes are contaminated with
Cronobacter sakazakii
, particularly in the kitchen setting. Our analyses suggest that the domestic environment may contribute to contamination of PIF and provides insights into mitigating the risk of transmission.
Human milk oligosaccharide 2′-fucosyllactose guards norovirus histo-blood group antigen co-factor binding site
Authors: Rudd Penny A. , Kher Gargi , Tame Jeremy R. H. , Irie Hiro , Haselhorst Thomas , von Itzstein Mark , Pancera Marie , Hansman Grant S. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Mucor germinans,
a novel dimorphic species resembling
Paracoccidioides
in a clinical sample: questions on ecological strategy
Authors: Li Na , Bowling Jennifer , de Hoog Sybren , Aneke Chioma I. , Youn Jung-Ho , Shahegh Sherin , Cuellar-Rodriguez Jennifer , Kanakry Christopher G. , Rodriguez Pena Maria , Ahmed Sarah A. , Al-Hatmi Abdullah M. S. , Tolooe Ali , Walther Grit , Kwon-Chung Kyung J. , Kang Yingqian , Lee Hyang Burm , Seyedmousavi Amir 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Dimorphism is known among the etiologic agents of endemic mycoses as well as in filamentous
Mucorales
. Under appropriate thermal conditions, mononuclear yeast forms alternate with multi-nucleate hyphae. Here, we describe a dimorphic mucoralean fungus obtained from the sputum of a patient with Burkitt lymphoma and ongoing graft-versus-host reactions. The fungus is described as
Mucor germinans
sp. nov. Laboratory studies were performed to simulate temperature-dependent dimorphism, with two environmental strains
Mucor circinelloides
and
Mucor kunryangriensis
as controls. Both strains could be induced to form multinucleate arthrospores and subsequent yeast-like cells
in vitro
. Multilateral yeast cells emerge in all three
Mucor species
at elevated temperatures. This morphological transformation appears to occur at body temperature since the yeast-like cells were observed in the lungs of our immunocompromised patient. The microscopic appearance of the yeast-like cells in the clinical samples is easily confused with that of
Paracoccidioides
. The ecological role of yeast forms in
Mucorales
is discussed.

IMPORTANCE

Mucormycosis is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality in susceptible patients. Accurate diagnosis is required for timely clinical management since antifungal susceptibility differs between species. Irregular hyphal elements are usually taken as the hallmark of mucormycosis, but here, we show that some species may also produce yeast-like cells, potentially being mistaken for
Candida
or
Paracoccidioides
. We demonstrate that the dimorphic transition is common in
Mucor
species and can be driven by many factors. The multi-nucleate yeast-like cells provide an effective parameter to distinguish mucoralean infections from similar yeast-like species in clinical samples.
Unraveling the role of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of an oncogenic avian herpesvirus
Authors: Sabsabi Mohammad A. , Kheimar Ahmed , You Yu , von La Roche Dominik , Härtle Sonja , Göbel Thomas W. , von Heyl Theresa , Schusser Benjamin , Kaufer Benedikt B. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes deadly lymphomas in chickens. In chickens, up to 50% of all peripheral T cells are gamma delta (γδ) T cells. Until now, their role in MDV pathogenesis and tumor formation remains poorly understood. To investigate the role of γδ T cells in MDV pathogenesis, we infected recently generated γδ T cell knockout chickens with very virulent MDV. Strikingly, disease and tumor incidence were highly increased in the absence of γδ T cells, indicating that γδ T cells play an important role in the immune response against MDV. In the absence of γδ T cells, virus replication was drastically increased in the thymus and spleen, which are potential sites of T cell transformation. Taken together, our data provide the first evidence that γδ T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis and tumor formation of this highly oncogenic herpesvirus.

IMPORTANCE
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are the most abundant T cells in chickens, but their role in fighting pathogens remains poorly understood. Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is an important veterinary pathogen, that causes one of the most frequent cancers in animals and is used as a model for virus-induced tumor formation. Our study revealed that γδ T cells play a crucial role in combating MDV, as disease and tumor incidence drastically increased in the absence of these cells. γδ T cells restricted virus replication in the key lymphoid organs, thereby decreasing the likelihood of causing tumors and disease. This study provides novel insights into the role of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of this highly oncogenic virus.