bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of fly ash on vegetative growth and photosynthetic pigment concentrations of rice and maize
Authors: Panda S. S. , Mishra L. P. , Muduli S. D. , Nayak B. D. , Dhal N. K. 
Published: October 2015

Fly ash generated from coal based thermal power plants creates environmental problems due to improper utilization and disposal. The present study was conducted to study the effects of various concentrations of FA (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) on the growth and photosynthetic activity of <i>Oryza sativum</i> (rice) and <i>Zea mays</i> (maize). Plant growth was mostly enhanced in the treatments with 20–40% fly ash, being optimal at 60%. From 80% onwards, the measured parameters tended to reduce. The most economic level of fly ash incorporation was 60%, which improved the growth of maize and rice. Hence fly ash can be utilized as a substrate or as a soil ameliorating material for the growth of plants, leading to the sustainable utilization of solid waste material.
Social Risk and Clinical Outcomes Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Walker Rebekah J. , Williams Joni S. , Linde Sebastian , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceNo clear process exists for categorizing social risks in a way that informs effective social risk screening and intervention development.ObjectiveTo investigate social risk profiles and associations of those profiles with clinical outcomes in adults with diabetes using latent profile analysis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFor this cross-sectional study, a latent profile analysis was conducted using data for adults with type 2 diabetes collected at 2 primary care clinics in the Southeastern US from 2013 to 2014. Data were analyzed from November to December 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipants completed validated questionnaires for 26 social risk factors within 5 domains of social determinants of health: socioeconomic, neighborhood, education, food, and social and community context. In addition, participants completed questions that assessed psychological risk and behavioral risk. A 3-step latent profile analysis was used to identify different subgroups within the sample. Profiles were then regressed on outcomes of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure, and quality of life.ResultsA total of 615 participants (mean [SD] age, 61.3 [10.9] years; 379 men [61.6%]) were included. Five latent class profiles were identified. The lowest risk group had significantly higher mental health–related quality of life compared with a group with higher neighborhood risk (β, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.55). The second group had low economic risk but high neighborhood risk and served as the reference group. The third group had high economic and neighborhood risk and had significantly higher blood pressure (β, 8.08; 95% CI, 2.16 to 14.01) compared with the reference. The fourth group had high psychological and behavioral risks but low socioeconomic and neighborhood risks. This group had significantly higher HbA1c (β, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.92) and lower mental health–related quality of life (β, −1.83; 95% CI, −2.41 to −1.24) compared with the reference. The highest risk group indicated high risk in all domains, had significantly higher HbA1c (β, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.63), and had lower mental health–related quality of life (β, −2.15; 95% CI, −2.87 to −1.42) compared with the reference.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that social risk profiles can be identified according to social, psychological, and behavioral risk domains and the health outcome of concern among adults with diabetes. Future work should consider the use of social risk profiles in intervention development and testing.
Persistent Neighborhood Poverty and Breast Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Chen J. C. , Handley Demond , Elsaid Mohamed I. , Fisher James L. , Plascak Jesse J. , Anderson Lisa , Tsung Carolyn , Beane Joal , Pawlik Timothy M. , Obeng-Gyasi Samilia 
Published: August 2024

IMPORTANCEPatients with breast cancer residing in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities often face poorer outcomes (eg, mortality) compared with individuals living in neighborhoods without persistent poverty.OBJECTIVETo examine persistent neighborhood poverty and breast tumor characteristics, surgical treatment, and mortality.DESIGN, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort analysis of women aged 18 years or older diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018, and followed up until December 31, 2020, was conducted. Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, and data analysis was performed from August 2023 to March 2024.EXPOSUREResidence in areas affected by persistent poverty is defined as a condition where 20% or more of the population has lived below the poverty level for approximately 30 years.MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURESAll-cause and breast cancer–specific mortality.RESULTSAmong 312 145 patients (mean [SD] age, 61.9 [13.3] years), 20 007 (6.4%) lived in a CT with persistent poverty. Compared with individuals living in areas without persistent poverty, patients residing in persistently impoverished CTs were more likely to identify as Black (8735 of 20 007 [43.7%] vs 29 588 of 292 138 [10.1%]; P &amp;lt; .001) or Hispanic (2605 of 20 007 [13.0%] vs 23 792 of 292 138 [8.1%]; P &amp;lt; .001), and present with more-aggressive tumor characteristics, including higher grade disease, triple-negative breast cancer, and advanced stage. A higher proportion of patients residing in areas with persistent poverty underwent mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. Living in a persistently impoverished CT was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer–specific (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17) and all-cause (AHR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08-1.18) mortality. As early as 3 years following diagnosis, mortality risks diverged for both breast cancer–specific (rate ratio [RR], 1.80; 95% CI, 1.68-1.92) and all-cause (RR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.56-1.70) mortality.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this cohort study of women aged 18 years or older diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer between 2010 and 2018, living in neighborhoods characterized by persistent poverty had implications on tumor characteristics, surgical management, and mortality.
Radiotherapy vs Surgery for Survival and Locoregional Control of Head and Neck Extramedullary Plasmacytoma
Authors: Vasudevan Srivatsa Surya , Sayed Sabry Babiker Hassan , Kapartiwar Pratiksha , Pang John , Asarkar Ameya A. , Olinde Lindsay , Katz Sanford , Beedupalli Kavitha , Nathan Cherie-Ann O. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceThere are significant gaps in the literature pertaining to the locoregional control and survival rates of extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) with respect to various treatment approaches.ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the differences in radiotherapy and surgical outcomes in EMP.Data SourcesDatabases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ScienceDirect were systematically searched from their inception up to November 2023.Study SelectionArticles reporting radiotherapy and surgical outcomes of head and neck EMP were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisA random-effects model for meta-analysis was used to obtain pooled estimates and calculate hazard ratios for survival and odds ratios for recurrence and progression of EMP.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSurvival, tumor control, and progression rates to multiple myeloma (MM) between radiation therapy and surgery for EMP of the head and neck.ResultsOf 742 included patients from 12 studies, 527 (71.0%) were male, and the median (IQR) age was 59.1 (53-62) years. A total of 505 patients (68.1%) received radiotherapy only, while 237 (31.9%) underwent surgery-only treatment for EMP. All included patients had an initial diagnosis of EMP without MM. Comparable trends were observed in overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS) rates at 2, 3, 5, and 10 years between patients with EMP treated with radiotherapy only and surgery only. Notably, there were no significant differences in recurrence rate (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.20-2.06) between radiotherapy-only and surgery-only treatment. However, radiotherapy-only treatment of EMP was associated with decreased odds of progression to MM compared with surgery (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9). Sensitivity analysis revealed that the radiotherapy-only population had significantly better 5-year DFS (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31-0.96) compared with surgery-only treatment.Conclusions and RelevanceThis systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence that patients with EMP receiving radiotherapy had significantly lower chances of progression to MM compared with surgery-only therapy. Additionally, radiotherapy had better 5-year DFS outcomes compared with surgery. Comparable outcomes in terms of overall survival rates, recurrence, and mortality rates were noted between radiotherapy-only and surgery-only EMP treatment groups.
Programmable Shape‐Preserving Soft Robotics Arm via Multimodal Multistability
Authors: Shahryari Benyamin , Mofatteh Hossein , Sargazi Arian , Mirabolghasemi Armin , Meger David , Akbarzadeh Abdolhamid 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInflatable multistable materials have significantly advanced the design of shape‐preserving soft robotic arms, offering substantial benefits in terms of shape adaptability, energy efficiency, and safety, ensuring operational reliability even in the event of sudden power loss. However, existing strategies for realizing multistable arms often limit themselves to a single mode of multistability, commonly with rotationally symmetric designs favoring extension stability and asymmetric designs inducing bending stability. To address the limitation, this study introduces a pioneering platform termed multimodal multistability that utilizes geometrical frustration. A single cylindrical symmetric cell, designed for extension bistability, could achieve frustrated multistable states in bending by controlling the cell with multiple degrees of freedom incorporated pneumatic actuator. This platform extends the spectrum of attainable stable trajectories while preserving essential attributes of arms, such as load‐bearability, programmability, and reversibility of shape changes. Leveraging a pneumatic system with four degrees of freedom for pressure control, not only enables capturing previously unexplored stable configurations in mechanical metastructures but also allows for the control of their deformation modes. With applications spanning space exploration, medical instruments, and rescue missions, the multimodal multistability promises unparalleled flexibility and efficiency in the design and operation of soft robots.
Comprehensive Insight into Indium Oxide‐Based Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation: Thermal, Photo, and Photothermal Catalysis
Authors: Shi Zhisheng , Yang Liuqing , Lu Zhe , Han Qiutong , Wu Linlin , Wang Lu , Xiong Yujie , Ye Jinhua , Zou Zhigang , Zhou Yong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value‐added chemicals presents an innovative pathway for advancing the low‐carbon clean energy revolution, contributing significantly to CO2 emission reduction and resource utilization. Recently, In2O3‐based catalysts have emerged as a promising frontier in CO2 hydrogenation research. This review provides a comprehensive introduction of the latest advancements in the application of In2O3‐based catalysts across thermal, photocatalytic, and photothermal catalysis platforms. The review examines critical aspects such as structural properties, active sites, reaction mechanisms, performance enhancement, product impact, and the development of multi‐functional catalytic systems. Thermal Catalysis for CO2 hydrogenation involves the application of elevated temperatures to initiate and drive the hydrogenation reactions. Photocatalysis, on the other hand, harnesses light energy to facilitate these reactions. Among these approaches, photothermal catalysis has emerged as a particularly promising method for CO2 hydrogenation, offering several advantages over both thermal catalysis and photocatalysis. These advantages include more efficient energy utilization, a broader range of reaction conditions, enhanced synergistic effects, selective activation, and improved environmental sustainability. This review not only summarizes the current state of research in this field but also may provide critical insights and guidance for future studies aimed at advancing artificial carbon cycling processes.
Organic Surface Doping for High‐Performance Perovskite Transistors
Authors: Kim Ju‐Hyeon , Oh Chang‐Mok , Hwang In‐Wook , Park Kiyoung , Lee Kwanghee 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuasi‐2D perovskites have attracted significant attention because of their environmental robustness and superior long‐term stability compared with their 3D counterparts. However, they typically consist of a mixture of multiple quantum wells with different optoelectrical properties, which degrades the electronic properties and hinders further electronic applications. Here, to challenge this issue, a surface p‐doping strategy involving the introduction of a thiophene‐containing polymer onto the surface of quasi‐2D tin perovskites is reported. The tin ions in the perovskites effectively interact with the sulfur atoms in the thiophene moieties, thereby generating hole carriers and inducing p‐doping. The resulting doped quasi‐2D perovskites exhibit excellent surface crystallinity, lower trap density, and enhanced charge carrier transport capability along the perovskite semiconductor channels. Consequently, the doped quasi‐2D tin perovskite‐based transistors exhibit a high field‐effect mobility of 53 cm2V−1s−1 (7 cm2V−1s−1 for the control device) and an outstanding on/off ratio (>107), together with superior operational stability.
Skin Effect of Electromagnetic Flux in Anisotropic Zero‐Index Metamaterials
Authors: Mei Ran , Xu Yadong , Gao Lei , Xu He‐Xiu , Lai Yun , Luo Jie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSkin effect in electromagnetism describes the tendency of alternating current to predominantly flow near the surface rather than through the center of a conductor. Here, another skin effect of electromagnetic flux is reported to occur in non‐conductive materials, specifically within 3D anisotropic zero‐index metamaterials, as well as its potential application in subwavelength wave manipulation. It is found that when a medium of near‐zero longitudinal permittivity and permeability is embedded with inclusions whose transverse permittivity and/or permeability approach zero, the electromagnetic flux therein is directed and extremely compressed beneath the surfaces of inclusions within a skin depth less than λ0/150. This unusual effect empowers arbitrary control of electromagnetic flux at deep subwavelength scale. Customized subwavelength pathways for electromagnetic flux are demonstrated in full‐wave simulations via practical implementations. The study opens a new avenue for extreme confinement and flexible control of electromagnetic flux at deep‐subwavelength scale.
One‐Pot Reactions of Ynones with Isothiocyanates for Accessing 2‐Aminothiophenone and Indole‐Fused/Indole‐Substituted Thiophenone Derivatives
Authors: Jin Zefeng , Li Cuiying , Shen Guodong , Kang Honglan , Lv Xin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA copper or silver‐catalyzed cascade addition/5‐exo‐dig cyclization/isomerization reaction of isothiocyanate with ynone has been developed. This strategy enables the synthesis of a variety of (Z)‐2‐ylidene‐5‐aminothiophen‐3‐one derivatives with diverse substitutions in a single vessel. The method is featured with pot‐economy as well as regio‐ and Z‐selectivity. Several biologically active molecules could be modified using this strategy. Moreover, the relevant indole‐fused and indole‐substituted thiophenone derivatives were also assembled in one pot by merging this strategy with other bond formation methods. Based on the experiments and the related reports, a cascade pathway triggered by the addition of ynone‐derived radical towards the C(sp)‐atom of isothiocyanate was proposed to elucidate the probable process of the transformation.
Visible Light Mediated Difluoroalkylation of Alkenes Using Mercaptobenzothiazole‐Derived Sulfide Reagent
Authors: Sorokin Artem O. , Levin Vitalij V. , Dilman Alexander D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA method for the reductive difluoromethylation of alkenes with 2‐difluoromethylthio(benzothiazole) under photocatalytic conditions is described. The reaction involves the generation of the difluoromethyl radical by means of trimethyltriazinane, which serves as a precursor for the strongly reducing cyclic diaminoalkyl radical.
Real‐Time Radiation Beam Monitoring by Flexible Perovskite Thin Film Arrays
Authors: Fratelli Ilaria , Basiricò Laura , Ciavatti Andrea , Margotti Lorenzo , Cepić Sara , Chiari Massimo , Fraboni Beatrice 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReal‐time and in‐line transversal monitoring of ionizing radiation beams is a crucial task for several applications which span from medical treatments to particle accelerators in high energy physics. Here a flexible and large area device based on 2D hybrid perovskite thin films (phenylethylammonium lead bromide), fabricated onto a thin flexible polyimide substrate, able to map the transversal beam profile of high energy radiation beams is reported. The performance of this novel tool is here compared with the one offered by standard commercial large‐area technology, namely radiochromic sheets. The great potential of this class of devices is demonstrated by successfully mapping in real‐time a 5 MeV proton beam at fluxes between 108 and 1010 H+ s−1 cm−2, confirming the capability to operate in a radiation‐harsh environment without output signal saturation issues. The versatility and scalability of here proposed detecting system are demonstrated by the development of a multipixel array able to map in real‐time a 40 kVp X‐ray beam spot (dose rate 8 mGy s−1). Perovskite thin film‐based detectors are thus assessed as a very promising class of thin, flexible devices for real‐time, in‐line, large‐area, conformable, reusable, transparent, and low‐cost transversal beam monitoring of different ionizing radiation.
Rational Designing Microenvironment of Gas‐Diffusion Electrodes via Microgel‐Augmented CO2 Availability for High‐Rate and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene
Authors: Rabiee Hesamoddin , Li Mengran , Yan Penghui , Wu Yuming , Zhang Xueqin , Dorosti Fatereh , Zhang Xi , Ma Beibei , Hu Shihu , Wang Hao , Zhu Zhonghua , Ge Lei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEfficient electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) requires advanced gas‐diffusion electrodes (GDEs) with tunned microenvironment to overcome low CO2 availability in the vicinity of catalyst layer. Herein, for the first time, pyridine‐containing microgels‐augmented CO2 availability is presented in Cu2O‐based GDE for high‐rate CO2 reduction to ethylene, owing to the presence of CO2‐phil microgels with amine moieties. Microgels as three‐dimensional polymer networks act as CO2 micro‐reservoirs to engineer the GDE microenvironment and boost local CO2 availability. The superior ethylene production performance of the GDE modified by 4‐vinyl pyridine microgels, as compared with the GDE with diethylaminoethyl methacrylate microgels, indicates the bifunctional effect of pyridine‐based microgels to enhance CO2 availability, and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. While the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ethylene without microgels was capped at 43% at 300 mA cm−2, GDE with the pyridine microgels showed 56% FE of ethylene at 700 mA cm−2. A similar trend was observed in zero‐gap design, and GDEs showed 58% FE of ethylene at −4.0 cell voltage (>350 mA cm−2 current density), resulting in over 2‐fold improvement in ethylene production. This study showcases the use of CO2‐phil microgels for a higher rate of CO2RR‐to‐C2+, opening an avenue for several other microgels for more selective and efficient CO2 electrolysis.
Adherence to adult clinical practice guidelines for Down syndrome
Authors: Wood Jordan C. , Gochyyev Perman , Santoro Stephanie L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdults with Down syndrome (DS) have unique health care needs with evidence‐based care guidelines to address these. Yet, the 2020 adult guidelines were unstudied; we aimed to assess adherence to these guidelines. We reviewed clinical and demographic data from medical charts of 327 adults with DS who were seen in the MGH DSP. We calculated adherence to care guidelines and analyzed correlations between both demographic traits and clinical results. Mean adherence rate to each of the nine adult guidelines was 67.3%. Adherence rates that were below our mean adherence rate included colonoscopy (42.9%), iron (41.9%), audiology specialist (35.8%), and audiogram (35.2%). We found four significant correlations: assigned females at birth had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) than assigned males at birth (p < 0.001), Hispanic patients had a significantly higher BMI than other patients (p = 0.015), Hispanic patients had a significantly higher rate of diabetes than other patients (p = 0.036), and Black patients had a significantly lower rate of hypothyroidism than other patients (p = 0.004). We assessed the adherence rates to adult DS guidelines and highlighted disparities in healthcare for patients with DS to inform clinicians on how to improve care for patients with DS.
Discovery, Characterization and Synthetic Application of a Promiscuous Nonheme Iron Biocatalyst with Dual Hydroxylase/Desaturase Activity
Authors: Xu Hao , Zhao Jidong , Renata Hans 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlpha‐ketoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenases (αKGDs) have recently emerged as useful biocatalysts for C−H oxidation and functionalization. In this work, we characterized a new αKGD from aculene biosynthesis, AneA, which displays broad promiscuity toward a number of substrates with different ring systems. Unexpectedly, AneA was found to be capable of both desaturation and hydroxylation and require an amino ester motif on its substrate for productive catalysis. Insights gathered from the functional characterization and substrate‐activity profiling of AneA enabled the development of a chemoenzymatic strategy toward several complex sesquiterpenoids.
Long‐Term Autotrophic Growth and Solar‐to‐Chemical Conversion in Shewanella Oneidensis MR‐1 through Light‐Driven Electron Transfer
Authors: Shi Yan , Zhang Kejing , Chen Jianxin , Zhang Bingtian , Guan Xun , Wang Xin , Zhang Tong , Song Han , Zou Long , Duan Xiangfeng , Gao Haichun , Lin Zhang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMembers of the genus Shewanella are known for their versatile electron accepting routes, which allow them to couple decomposition of organic matter to reduction of various terminal electron acceptors for heterotrophic growth in diverse environments. Here, we report autotrophic growth of Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 with photoelectrons provided by illuminated biogenic CdS nanoparticles. This hybrid system enables photosynthetic oscillatory acetate production from CO2 for over five months, far exceeding other inorganic‐biological hybrid system that can only sustain for hours or days. Biochemical, electrochemical and transcriptomic analyses reveal that the efficient electron uptake of S. oneidensis MR‐1 from illuminated CdS nanoparticles supplies sufficient energy to stimulate the previously overlooked reductive glycine pathway for CO2 fixation. The continuous solar‐to‐chemical conversion is achieved by photon induced electric recycling in sulfur species. Overall, our findings demonstrate that this mineral‐assisted photosynthesis, as a widely existing and unique model of light energy conversion, could support the sustained photoautotrophic growth of non‐photosynthetic microorganisms in nutrient‐lean environments and mediate the reversal of coupled carbon and sulfur cycling, consequently resulting in previously unknown environmental effects. In addition, the hybrid system provides a sustainable and flexible platform to develop a variety of solar products for carbon neutrality.