bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An automated training paradigm reveals long-term memory in planaria and its persistence through head regeneration
Authors: Shomrat Tal , Levin Michael 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Planarian flatworms are a popular system for research into the molecular mechanisms that enable these complex organisms to regenerate their entire body, including the brain. Classical data suggest that they may also be capable of long-term memory. Thus, the planarian system may offer the unique opportunity to study brain regeneration and memory in the same animal. To establish a system for the investigation of the dynamics of memory in a regenerating brain, we developed a computerized training and testing paradigm that avoided the many issues that confounded previous, manual attempts to train planaria. We then used this new system to train flatworms in an environmental familiarization protocol. We show that worms exhibit environmental familiarization, and that this memory persists for at least 14 days – long enough for the brain to regenerate. We further show that trained, decapitated planaria exhibit evidence of memory retrieval in a savings paradigm after regenerating a new head. Our work establishes a foundation for objective, high-throughput assays in this molecularly-tractable model system that will shed light on the fundamental interface between body patterning and stored memories. We propose planaria as a key emerging model species for mechanistic investigations of the encoding of specific memories in biological tissues. Moreover, this system is likely to have important implications for the biomedicine of stem cell-derived treatments of degenerative brain disorders in human adults.
Ammonium secretion by Malpighian tubules ofDrosophila melanogaster: application of a novel ammonium-selective microelectrode
Authors: Browne Austin , O'Donnell Michael J. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAmmonia is a toxic nitrogenous waste product of amino acid metabolism that may accumulate to high levels in the medium ingested by larvae of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Here we report measurements of haemolymph NH4+ concentration and the secretion of NH4+ by the Malpighian (renal) tubules. Measurement of NH4+ concentrations in secreted droplets is complicated either by the requirement for large sample volumes for enzymatic assays or by the inadequate selectivity of NH4+-selective microelectrodes based on nonactin. We have developed a novel liquid membrane NH4+-selective microelectrode based on a 19-membered crown compound (TD19C6), which has been used previously in ammonium-selective macroelectrodes. In conjunction with an improved technique for correcting for interference of potassium, NH4+-selective microelectrodes based on TD19C6 permit accurate measurement of ammonium concentration in haemolymph samples and nanoliter droplets of fluid secreted by the Malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster. The results indicate that active secretion of ammonium into the Malpighian tubule lumen is sufficient to maintain concentrations of approximately 1 mmol l-1 ammonium in the haemolymph of larvae reared on diets containing 100 mmol l-1 ammonium chloride.
Comparison of Uranyl Adsorption on Iron(III) Oxyhydroxide Colloids
Authors: Niida Keigo , Saito Takumi , Tanaka Satoru 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Iron(III) colloids are known to act as carriers for toxic elements in nature, which can cause retardation or even acceleration of their migration. In this study the adsorption of UO22+ on iron(III) (oxy)hydroxides (2-line ferrihydrite, 6-line ferrihydrite, goethite, and maghemite) were compared through adsorption isotherm measurements. The normalized adsorption amounts on goethite were larger than those of the other minerals over a wide range of free UO22+ concentration in spite of the relatively small site density of goethite.
Declining Equivalence Scales and Cost of Children: Evidence and Implications for Inequality Measurement
Authors: Balli Fabrizio , Tiezzi Silvia 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article estimates expenditure-dependent equivalence scales for Italian couples with and without children. Following Donaldson and Pendakur (2006), the generalised absolute equivalence-scale exactness (GAESE) restrictions are incorporated into a translated quadratic almost ideal demand system. We obtain declining-with-expenditure equivalence scales, a pattern that tends to strengthen when the number of children increases. Thus, scale economies in current consumption are lower for families with poor expenditure capacities. We also show that families living in the South bear a substantial additional cost to achieve the same well-being of those living in the North. Finally, we find that ignoring the declining with expenditure pattern may involve a relevant understatement of measured inequality.
Metallic iron for environmental remediation: the long walk to evidence
Authors: Noubactep Chicgoua 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe science of metallic iron for environmental remediation is yet to be established. The prevailing theory of the Fe0/H2O system is characterized by its inability to fully rationalize the concept that holds up the technology. The present article demonstrates that Fe0 technology was introduced by altering the course of mainstream science and by distorting the work of corrosion scientists. The Fe0 research community is now facing the consequences of this initial “forcing”. The technology is still innovative despite two decades of commercialization.
Hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic steels: electron approach
Authors: Gavriljuk Valentin G. , Shanina Bela D. , Shyvanyuk Vladyslav N. , Teus Sergey M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA review of available hypotheses for hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in its relation to austenitic steels is presented. It is shown that the hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity theory adequately describes the features of HE. Nevertheless, being developed within the frame of continuum mechanics, it overestimates the hydrogen-induced shielding of the elastic interaction between dislocations and does not take into account the hydrogen-induced change in the electron structure of austenitic steels.Ab initiocalculations and experimental studies of the electron structure show that the hydrogen in austenitic steels increases the concentration of free electrons,nf, and the interpretation of available experimental data shows that when designing steel, alloying the steel with elements that decreasenfimproves hydrogen resistance. Experimental tests are carried out, and their results are discussed. Based on the hydrogen-increased concentration of thermodynamic equilibrium vacancies in the interstitial solid solutions, a new model for hydrogen-induced shear localization is proposed.
Obesity and cardiovascular disease: role of adipose tissue, inflammation, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Authors: Lastra Guido , Sowers James R. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Obesity is a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chronic overnutrition and lack of physical activity result in excess deposition of adipose tissue and insulin resistance, which plays a key role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dysfunctional adipose tissue in obese individuals is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation that spreads to several tissues as well as systemically and is able to impact the cardiovascular system, resulting in both functional and anatomical abnormalities. Inflammation is characterized by abnormalities in both innate and adaptive immunity including adipose tissue infiltration by CD4+ T lymphocytes, pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages, and increased production of adipokines. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is inappropriately activated in adipose tissue and contributes to originating and perpetuating inflammation and excessive oxidative stress by increasing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In turn, ROS and pro-inflammatory adipokines cause resistance to the metabolic actions of insulin in several tissues including cardiovascular and adipose tissue. Insulin resistance in cardiovascular tissues is characterized by impaired vascular reactivity and abnormal cardiac contractility as well as hypertrophy, fibrosis, and remodeling, which ultimately result in CVD. In this context, weight loss through caloric restriction, regular physical activity, and surgery as well as pharmacologic RAAS blockade all play a key role in reducing obesity-related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Impact Assessment of V2G on the Power Loss of Unbalanced Radial Distribution Network
Authors: Chukwu Uwakwe Christian , Mahajan Satish M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Electric distribution feeders are inherently unbalanced and therefore have potential for severe power loss. The penetration of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) into the distribution feeders is expected to impact the power losses in the system. This is a pressing issue since power loss affects the operations, economics, and quality of service for the electric power systems. In this article, the impact of V2G parking lots on power losses of a radial distribution network is investigated. Two test networks were used in the study, namely: IEEE 13 and IEEE 123 Node test feeder networks. The test feeders and the V2G facilities were modeled in Radial Distribution Analysis Package (RDAP). Load flow results provided information on the power losses of the network. Results show that for a given penetration level, the impact of 3-phase and system-wide V2G integration on the power loss results in less power losses than 1-phase V2G integration. Results also indicate that operating the entire system such that V2G facilities will not compromise “near-balanced” state of operation and will have an improved impact on the power loss than highly unbalanced operation. The results obtained will be a useful tool for studying the impact of V2G on the power loss of a distribution network.
Defining Minimum Standards for the Digitization of Speech Recordings on Audio Compact Cassettes
Authors: Jackson Derek Jay 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBest-practices guidelines reflecting the consensus of experienced professionals are invaluable for archives with enough resources to implement them. For many archives, however, such guidelines may fail to meet on-the-ground needs and may set the bar too high. Some organizations respond by ignoring the guidelines entirely, failing to realize that short of best practices, they still have responsible and creditable options. The preservation operations of many archives will benefit from an established set of minimum standards that must be met, as well as best practices to which to aspire. (See for example Bamberger and Brylawski 2010, 68).
Singular Limits for 2-Dimensional Elliptic Problem with Exponentially Dominated Nonlinearity and a Quadratic Convection Term
Authors: Baraket Sami , Bazarbacha Imen , Kharrati Saber , Ouni Taieb 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We study existence of solutions with singular limits for a two-dimensional semilinear elliptic problem with exponential dominated nonlinearity and a quadratic convection non linear gradient term, imposing Dirichlet boundary condition. This paper extends previous results obtained in [1], [3], [4] and some references therein for related issues.
On iterative fixed point convergence in uniformly convex Banach space and Hilbert space
Authors: Srivastava Julee , Singh Neeta 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Some fixed point convergence properties are proved for compact and demicompact maps acting over closed, bounded and convex subsets of a real Hilbert space. We also show that for a generalized nonexpansive mapping in a uniformly convex Banach space the Ishikawa iterates con- verge to a fixed point. Finally, a convergence type result is established for multivalued contractive mappings acting on closed subsets of a com- plete metric space. These are extensions of results in Ciric, et. al. [7], Panyanak [2] and Agarwal, et. al. [9].
On Rad-D12 Modules
Authors: Talebi Yahya , Hamzekolaee Ali Reza Moniri , Tütüncü Derya Keskin 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Let M be a right R-module. We call M Rad-D12, if for every sub- module N of M, there exist a direct summand K of M and an epimor- phism α : K → M/N such that Kererα ⊆ Rad(K). We show that a direct summand of a Rad-D12 module need not be a Rad-D12 module. We investigate completely Rad-D12 modules (modules for which every direct summand is a Rad-D12 module). We also show that a direct sum of Rad-D12 modules need not be a Rad-D12 module. Then we deal with some cases of direct sums of Rad-D12 modules.
F–multipliers and the localization of LMn×m–algebras
Authors: Gallardo C. , Sanza C. , Ziliani A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this note, we introduce the notion of n × m-ideal on n × m- valued Łukasiewicz-Moisil algebras (or LMn×m-algebras) which allows us to consider a topology on them. Besides, we define the concept of F-multiplier, where F is a topology on an LMn×m-algebra L, which is used to construct the localization LMn×m-algebra LF. Furthermore, we prove that the LMn×m-algebra of fractions LS associated with an ⋀-closed subset S of L is an LMn×m-algebra of localization. Finally, in the finite case we prove that LS is isomorphic to a special subalgebra of L. Since n-valued Łukasiewicz-Moisil algebras are a particular case of LMn×m-algebras, all these results generalize those obtained in [4] (see also [3]).
Multi-core CPU or GPU-accelerated Multiscale
Modeling for Biomolecular Complexes
Authors: Liao Tao , Zhang Yongjie , Kekenes-Huskey Peter M. , Cheng Yuhui , Michailova Anushka , McCulloch Andrew D. , Holst Michael , McCammon J. Andrew 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Multi-scale modeling plays an important role in understanding
the structure and biological functionalities of large biomolecular
complexes. In this paper, we present an efficient computational
framework to construct multi-scale models from
atomic resolution data in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), which
is accelerated by multi-core CPU and programmable Graphics
Processing Units (GPU). A multi-level summation of Gaussian
kernel functions is employed to generate implicit models
for biomolecules. The coefficients in the summation are designed
as functions of the structure indices, which specify the
structures at a certain level and enable a local resolution control
on the biomolecular surface. A method called neighboring
search is adopted to locate the grid points close to the expected
biomolecular surface, and reduce the number of grids
to be analyzed. For a specific grid point, a KD-tree or bounding
volume hierarchy is applied to search for the atoms contributing
to its density computation, and faraway atoms are
ignored due to the decay of Gaussian kernel functions. In
addition to density map construction, three modes are also
employed and compared during mesh generation and quality
improvement to generate high quality tetrahedral meshes:
CPU sequential, multi-core CPU parallel and GPU parallel.
We have applied our algorithm to several large proteins and
obtained good results.
The Effect of Automatic vs. Reflective Emotions on Cognitive Control in Antisaccade Tasks and the Emotional Stroop Test
Authors: Imbir Kamil K. , Jarymowicz Maria T. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The article presents two studies based on the assumption that the effectiveness of cognitive control depends on the subject’s type of emotional state. Inhibitory control is taken into account, as the basic determinant of the antisaccade reactions and the emotional Stroop effect. The studies deal with differentiation of emotions on the basis of their origin: automatic (due to primary affective reactions) vs. reflective (due to deliberative evaluation). According to the main assumption, automatic emotions are diffusive, and decrease the effectiveness of cognitive control. The hypothesis predicted that performance level of both the Antisaccade Task and the Emotional Stroop Test would be lower in the automaticemotion eliciting condition than in the reflective-emotion eliciting condition. In two experimental studies, positive and negative (automatic vs. reflective) emotions were elicited. The results support the predictions, regardless of the valence of emotions.
Emotional Labour and Indirectly Measured Attitude Towards Occupation in Explaining Employee Well-Being
Authors: Retowski Sylwiusz , Fila–Jankowska Aleksandra 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Drawing on the model of Grandey (2000), it was proposed that the attitude towards occupation could buffer the negative effects of emotional labour. A total of 173 teachers participated in the study. Attitudes towards occupation, surface acting, emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction were estimated. The indirect measure of the attitude towards occupation was assessed using the Approaching-Avoidance Simulation Method. Confirmatory Factor Analysis proved the validity and reliability of the indirect measurement, which is based on uncontrolled reactions of the respondents towards stimuli representing the profession. The results revealed a positive correlation between attitudes towards occupation and indicators of employees’ well-being. The indirect measure of attitude towards occupation turned out to be a significant moderator of the relationship between surface acting and job satisfaction. The results raise interesting questions about the connection between indirect measures of attitudes towards occupation and employee well-being
The Validity and Utility of Global Measures of Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Pavot William 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Research interest in topics such as happiness, the quality of life, and the experience of well-being has dramatically increased in the past four decades. Global measures of Subjective Well-Being (SWB) have long held a prominent position in this burgeoning body of research (Diener, 1984; Pavot, 2008). Despite their widespread acceptance and use, the validity and utility of global measures of SWB have been challenged at several levels of analysis. These critiques have ranged from the conceptual basis of SWB (e.g. Ryan & Deci 2001; Ryff, 1989; Ryff & Singer, 2008) to very specific concerns about the context of the assessment situation and the cognitive processes involved in formulating a response to such measures (Pavot & Diener, 1993a; Schimmack & Oishi, 2005; Schwarz, & Strack, 1999). The purpose of this paper is to review and address some of the more prominent critiques of global measures of SWB, and to discuss methodological procedures and strategies for minimizing threats to the validity and increasing the utility of global measures of SWB.
Polish Adaptation of the Driving and Riding Avoidance Scale
Authors: Błachnio Agata , Przepiórka Aneta , Sullman Mark , Taylor Joanne 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDriving anxiety is a relatively undervalued topic of research, despite the fact that it can have a substantial detrimental impact on an individuals’ life. The prevalence of driving anxiety in motor vehicle crash (MVC) survivors has been found to range from 18-77%. Although driving anxiety can develop without crash involvement, no information currently exists on the prevalence of driving anxiety in the general population. One barrier to gathering this information is that most of the instruments are designed to measure driving anxiety in MVC survivors. However, the Driving and Riding Avoidance Scale (DRAS; Stewart & St. Peter, 2004) is one instrument that shows promise as a more general measure of driving anxiety, although previous research has noted the need for some minor adaptations (Taylor & Sullman, 2009). Therefore, the present study investigated the psychometric properties of an adapted version of the DRAS and the level of driving anxiety amongst a sample of 210 Polish participants. Internal consistency for the overall DRAS was .91 and ranged from .77 to .85 for the subscales. Factor analysis of the DRAS resulted in two clear factors, with the first containing driving avoidance items and the second consisting solely of riding avoidance items. Therefore it appears that the DRAS can be a useful measure of driving avoidance in samples drawn from the general population as well as MVC survivors.
Anxiety and self-esteem before surgery in patients suffering from cancer. Implicit self-esteem compensation in ego-threatening conditions
Authors: Fila-Jankowska Aleksandra , Stachowiak Urszula 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The assumption was verified that for patients suffering from cancer levels of anxiety and self-esteem differ compared to other patients before surgery. 120 patients of urology were assigned to subgroups according to diagnosis (cancer vs. non-cancer) and the duration of hospitalization (5 days vs. 1 day). Patients suffering from cancer declared higher anxiety than other patients. Longer hospitalization was connected to higher anxiety. A threat-congruent difference in explicit self-esteem was revealed only between two groups: 1. cancer and long hospitalization and 2. non-cancer and short hospitalization. For implicit self-esteem the phenomenon of implicit compensation of self-esteem was predicted and confirmed: among cancer-sufferers the Name Letter Effect was greater than among other patients. Also, in the cancerpatients group, the result of Rudman et al. (2007) was replicated: increasing anxiety was connected with increasing implicit self-esteem.
Heterogeneity of uroplakin localization in human normal urothelium, papilloma and papillary carcinoma
Authors: Zupancic Dasa , Romih Rok 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background. Uroplakins are differentiation-related membrane proteins of urothelium. We compared uroplakin expression and ultrastructural localization in human normal urothelium, papilloma and papillary carcinoma. Because of high recurrence rate of these tumours, treated by transurethral resection, we investigated urothelial tumour, resection border and uninvolved urothelium.
Patients and methods. Urinary bladder samples were obtained from tumour free control subjects and patients with papilloma and papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron labelling of uroplakins were performed.
Results. In normal human urothelium with continuous uroplakin-positive superficial cell layer uroplakins were localized to flattened mature fusiform vesicles and apical plasma membrane of umbrella cells. Diverse uroplakin expression was found in papilloma and papillary carcinoma. Three aberrant differentiation stages of urothelial cells, not found in normal urothelium, were recognized in tumours. Diverse uroplakin expression and aberrant differentiation were occasionally found in resection border and in uninvolved urothelium.
Conclusions. We demonstrated here that uroplakin expression and localization in urothelial tumours is altered when compared to normal urothelium. In patients with papilloma and papillary carcinoma immunolabelling of uroplakins at ultrastructural level shows aberrant urothelial differentiation. It is possible that aberrant differentiation stages of urothelial cells in resection border and in uninvolved urothelium contribute to high recurrence rate.