bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1,5‐Di(nitramino)tetrazol – hochenergetisch und äußerst empfindlich
Authors: Fischer Dennis , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDas hochenergetische 1,5‐Di(nitramino)tetrazol wurde zusammen mit seinen Salzen hergestellt. Die neutrale Verbindung ist sehr empfindlich und einer der stärksten bekannten nichtnuklearen Sprengstoffe. Einige stickstoffreiche Salze und das Dikaliumsalz wurden untersucht. Das Dikaliumsalz könnte als Zusatz in Primermischungen anstelle von Tetrazen Anwendung finden. Alle Verbindungen wurden mittels Tieftemperatur‐Einkristallröntgendiffraktometrie, IR‐, Raman‐ und NMR‐Spektroskopie sowie Elementaranalyse und DSC charakterisiert. Die Leistungsdaten wurden mithilfe des EXPLO5‐Computercodes auf Basis berechneter (CBS‐4M) Bildungswärmen und experimenteller Einkristalldichten bestimmt und belegen die hochenergetische Natur dieser Verbindungsklasse. Die Schlag‐ und Reibeempfindlichkeiten sowie die Empfindlichkeit gegenüber elektrostatischer Entladung wurden ebenfalls untersucht.
Epoxy shape‐memory polymer reinforced by thermally reduced graphite oxide: Influence of processing techniques
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Wenbing , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, epoxy shape‐memory polymer (ESMP) reinforced with 1 wt % thermally reduced graphite oxide (TrGO) was fabricated by solution blending and three‐roll mill (TRM) mixing, respectively. Both blending techniques allowed a uniform TrGO dispersion in ESMP matrix, and the TRM mixing lead to an exfoliation of the TrGO worms. Compared with pristine ESMP, the TrGO/ESMP composites showed 36.4–41.1% increase in Young's modulus and 38.1–44.1% improvement in tensile strength. The TrGO/ESMP composite fabricated by TRM mixing had a T5% (the temperature where the material lost 5% of its initial weight) 16.4°C higher than pure ESMP. Compared with pure ESMP, a significant improvement of recovery force by 84.4% and 311.1% was obtained by TrGO/ESMP composite fabricated by solution blending and TRM mixing, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42502.
Adjunctive intracardiac echocardiography imaging from the left ventricle to guide percutaneous mitral valve repair with the mitraclip in patients with failed prior surgical rings
Authors: Saji Mike , Rossi Ann M. , Ailawadi Gorav , Dent John , Ragosta Michael , Scott Lim D. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesWe evaluated intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) for adjunctively guiding the MitraClip procedure in patients with prior surgical rings.BackgroundTransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the standard imaging modality used to guide the MitraClip procedure (Abbott Vascular, CA). However, in patients with post‐surgical anatomy, clear imaging of the mitral valve leaflets may be complex because of shadowing from the surgical ring. In these patients, TEE may be suboptimal for guiding the procedure, even using three‐dimensional imaging.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included data from 121 consecutive patients with mitral regurgitation who underwent MitraClip procedures at the University of Virginia. ICE was used adjunctively when there was difficulty with TEE, particularly for assessing the insertion of the posterior leaflet into the MitraClip's arms. The ICE catheter was introduced transarterially into the left ventricle and flexed to obtain the short‐axis view.ResultsSix patients had prior surgical rings, and in five, we used adjunctive ICE. The etiology of the mitral regurgitation was prolapse of the posterior leaflet in one patient and restriction of the posterior leaflet due to ischemic tethering in the remainder. All images were obtained from the left ventricle, and were adequate for assessing posterior leaflet insertion and the perpendicularity of the MitraClip arms. The procedural success rate was 80%. There was no adverse event related to the ICE procedure.ConclusionsMitral valve repair with the MitraClip system assisted by ICE is feasible in patients with prior surgical rings, achieving an excellent risk profile and satisfactory procedural success. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Routine aspiration thrombectomy improves the diagnosis and management of embolic myocardial infarction
Authors: Huang Alex L , Murphy J. Conleth , Shaw Elizabeth , Kozor Rebecca , Yan Warren , Loxton Anne , Soo Hoo Soon Y. , Figtree Gemma A. , Rasmussen Helge H. , Hansen Peter S. , Nelson Gregory I.C. , Bhindi Ravinay , Ward Michael R. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesAssess the effect of aspiration thrombectomy on diagnosis and management of embolic acute myocardial infarction.BackgroundDiscrimination of embolic acute myocardial infarction from atherosclerotic plaque rupture/erosion prompts oral anticoagulation treatment of source of embolus, as well as avoiding unnecessary stenting and dual antiplatelet therapy. However, detection is difficult without aspiration.MethodsWe compared rates of diagnosis of embolic infarction for 2.5 years prior to (pre‐RAT) and 2.5 years post routine aspiration thrombectomy (post‐RAT). Baseline demographics, outcomes, and treatment strategies were also compared between the embolic infarction and atherosclerotic infarction.ResultsDiagnosed embolic infarction rose from 1.2% in the pre‐RAT era to 2.8% in the post‐RAT period (P < 0.05). In addition, more successful removal of thrombus by aspiration led to less stenting (20% vs. 55% P < 0.05) in the post‐RAT period thus avoiding the hazards of “triple therapy.” Embolic infarction was more frequently associated with atrial fibrillation (55% vs. 8%), had higher mortality (17% vs. 4%), and had higher rates of embolic stroke (13% vs. 0.3%) when compared with atherosclerotic MI (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsRoutine aspiration thrombectomy more readily identifies embolic infarction allowing more specific therapy and avoidance of stenting and triple anticoagulant therapy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Viral Templated Palladium Nanocatalysts
Authors: Yang Cuixian , Yi Hyunmin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPalladium (Pd) nanocatalysis plays key roles in many areas from environmental remediation, energy utilization to chemical synthesis. Viruses offer exciting opportunities and advantages as promising nanoparticle synthesis templates due to their controlled dimensions and structures, and the ability to confer precisely spaced functionalities by genetic modification to permit improved and/or tunable metal nanoparticle formation. We have utilized tubular tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as biologically derived nanotemplates for controlled synthesis of catalytically active Pd nanoparticles. Here we describe key findings and insights gained from our studies on the synthesis and characterization, as well as on both aqueous and organic phase catalytic reactions, dichromate reduction and the Suzuki‐coupling reaction. We hope that the methodologies and results summarized here can spur further interdisciplinary collaboration, and expect that more discoveries and improved performances can be realized with future endeavors.
Ion‐Transfer Voltammetry at the Interface between Organic and Salt‐Doped Ice Phases
Authors: Qu Hui , Harada Makoto , Okada Tetsuo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIons play critical roles in reactions of biological, environmental, and industrial importance under frozen conditions. Transfer voltammetry of tetramethylammonium (TMA) and K+ ions is measured at the interface between frozen aqueous NaCl and dichloroethane to give an insight into chemistry in frozen aqueous phases. The ion‐transfer current of TMA initially increases as the temperature becomes lower from the freezing point, but the further decrease in temperature reduces the transfer current. The half‐wave potential of the TMA transfer shows a negative shift when the liquid phase volume is smaller than 10 % of the total volume of the frozen phase. Similarly, the half‐wave potential of the facilitated transfer of K+ by crown ether complexation also becomes negative with decreasing temperature, due to the freeze concentration of K+ in the liquid phase.
Influence of the Base on Pd@MIL‐101‐NH2(Cr) as Catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Carson Fabian , Pascanu Vlad , Bermejo Gómez Antonio , Zhang Yi , Platero‐Prats Ana E. , Zou Xiaodong , Martín‐Matute Belén 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe chemical stability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is a major factor preventing their use in industrial processes. Herein, it is shown that judicious choice of the base for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction can avoid decomposition of the MOF catalyst Pd@MIL‐101‐NH2(Cr). Four bases were compared for the reaction: K2CO3, KF, Cs2CO3 and CsF. The carbonates were the most active and achieved excellent yields in shorter reaction times than the fluorides. However, powder XRD and N2 sorption measurements showed that the MOF catalyst was degraded when carbonates were used but remained crystalline and porous with the fluorides. XANES measurements revealed that the trimeric chromium cluster of Pd@MIL‐101‐NH2(Cr) is still present in the degraded MOF. In addition, the different countercations of the base significantly affected the catalytic activity of the material. TEM revealed that after several catalytic runs many of the Pd nanoparticles (NPs) had migrated to the external surface of the MOF particles and formed larger aggregates. The Pd NPs were larger after catalysis with caesium bases compared to potassium bases.
CFD Process Modeling of the Industrial Calcination of Diatomite
Authors: Hajek Jiri , Jurena Tomas , Baier Bernhard , Bagherzadeh Arash , Schnick Tom , Smejkal Quido 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCalcination of diatomite is an expensive process frequently resulting in products with unpredictable structure. Alternatively, calcination in swirling flow is an energy‐saving option. Computational fluid dynamics modeling of an experimental calcination process unit is presented. Experimental results and systematic collection of process data were used to define boundary condition for steady‐state and transient simulation runs. The comparison of experimental and simulation results shows the complexity of the calcination process. The results can be used for further process optimization.
Burden of First and Recurrent Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Punekar Rajeshwari S. , Fox Kathleen M. , Richhariya Akshara , Fisher Maxine D. , Cziraky Mark , Gandra Shravanthi R. , Toth Peter P. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcute cardiovascular (CV) events have been evaluated in patients with specific comorbidities but have not focused on patients with hyperlipidemia or on the their long‐term costs.ObjectivesTo evaluate
incidence of CV events, costs, and resource utilization among patients with hyperlipidemia and baseline risk of CV disease (CVD).MethodsPatients (age 18 to 64 years) diagnosed with hyperlipidemia or using lipid‐modifying medications were identified from administrative claims. Patients were categorized into 3 cohorts based on pre‐index clinical characteristics—secondary prevention (SP; history of CV event, n = 15 613); high risk (HR; CVD, n = 47 600); and primary prevention (PP; no CV event history or CVD, n = 60 637)—and followed up to 2 years after the CV event.ResultsDuring follow‐up, ≥1 new CV event occurred in 43.0% of the SP cohort, 33.9% of HR, and 20.9% of PP; and ≥3 new events occurred in 19.8% of the SP cohort, 12.9% of HR, and 5.5% of PP. Incremental total costs were $19 320 for SP, $20 003 for HR, and $17 650 for PP. Compared with patients with only 1 CV event, the mean 2‐year cost was 30% higher in patients with 2 CV events and 48% higher in patients with 3 CV events. Only 50% of HR patients (with or without CV events) received statins.ConclusionsPatients with recurrent CV events had higher total health care costs during 24‐month follow‐up for each type of CV event. Total health care costs among patients with a CV event were higher for the initial as well as subsequent events. Statins and lipid‐modifying medications were significantly underutilized in all cohorts, despite the presence of CVD.
Anatomical evidence of pruriceptive trigeminothalamic and trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons in mice
Authors: Akiyama Tasuku , Curtis Eric , Nguyen Tony , Carstens Mirela Iodi , Carstens E. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTItch is relayed to higher centers by projection neurons in the spinal and medullary dorsal horn. We employed a double‐label method to map the ascending projections of pruriceptive and nociceptive trigeminal and spinal neurons. The retrograde tracer fluorogold (FG) was stereotaxically injected into the right thalamus or lateral parabrachial area (LPb) in mice. Seven days later, mice received intradermal (id) microinjection of histamine, chloroquine, capsaicin, or vehicle into the left cheek. Histamine, chloroquine, and capsaicin intradermally elicited similar distributions of Fos‐positive neurons in the medial aspect of the superficial medullary and spinal dorsal horn from the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis to C2. Among neurons retrogradely labeled from the thalamus, 43%, 8%, and 22% were Fos‐positive following id histamine, chloroquine, or capsaicin. Among the Fos‐positive neurons following pruritic or capsaicin stimuli, ∼1–2% were retrogradely labeled with FG. Trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons exhibited a higher incidence of double labeling in the superficial dorsal horn. Among the neurons retrogradely labeled from LPb, 36%, 29%, and 33% were Fos positive following id injection of histamine, chloroquine, and capsaicin, respectively. Among Fos‐positive neurons elicited by id histamine, chloroquine, and capsaicin, respectively, 3.7%, 4.3%, and 4.1% were retrogradely labeled from LPb. The present results indicate that, overall, relatively small subpopulations of pruriceptive and/or nociceptive neurons innervating the cheek project to thalamus or LPb. These results imply that the vast majority of pruritogen‐ and algogen‐responsive spinal neurons are likely to function as interneurons relaying information to projection neurons and/or participating in segmental nocifensive circuits. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:244–256, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extraction of Intercalated O2 from Aligned Carbon Nanotubes: The Breaking of Intertube Paths and Exponential Changes in Resistance
Authors: Tsai Hsin Jung , Lin Wen Yi , Chin Wei , Tsai Tsung Ying , Hsu Wen Kuang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn carbon nanotube films, the alignment of carbon nanotubes creates Lennard–Jones potentials at intertube junctions and trapped O2 appears to oscillate at elevated temperatures. Electrical measurements reveal a low hopping barrier along the transverse direction and an underlying mechanism that involves intercalated molecules acting as charge carriers between tubes. Ab initio calculations support dynamic intercalation and charge transfer through O2 bouncing between tubes.
Influence of Family and Childhood Memories in the Development and Manifestation of Paranoid Ideation
Authors: Carvalho Célia Barreto , da Motta Carolina , Pinto‐Gouveia José , Peixoto Ermelindo 
Published: June 2015

Several studies point out to the influence of social experiences on perceptions of the environment and others in cognitive functioning and different aspects of psychopathology. The current study aimed at studying the influence of the psychosocial risk factors in a mixed sample of participants from the general population and affected by paranoid schizophrenia. The extent to which the existence of negative life events and events that are threatening to the inner models of the self (i.e., history of maltreatment, physical, social or psychological abuse) or the memories of these traumatic events occurring during childhood are related to the existence of paranoid beliefs in adulthood was explored. Results suggested that memories of parental behaviours characterized by antipathy from both parental figures, submissiveness and bullying victimization were important predictors of paranoid ideation in adult life. This further emphasizes the need for understanding the family and social dynamics of people presenting paranoid ideations to the development of therapeutic interventions that can effectively reduce the invalidation caused by severe psychopathology, as is the case of schizophrenia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Memories of family dynamics characterized by behaviours of antipathy from both parental figures, submissiveness and bullying victimization are important predictors of paranoid ideation in adult life.
The study highlights the importance of exploring subjective recalls of feelings and behaviours associated with early rearing experiences, peer relationships and themes related to social rank theory in the roots of internal models of relationship with the self and others in the general sample, patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and their first‐degree relatives.
Our findings indicate that schizophrenic patients in active phase differ regarding memories of threat and submission and are more likely to remember childhood experiences perceived as threatening during an active phase than when in remission.
It is possible that by changing these internal models and social interaction styles, patients may be able to get involved in more cooperating and affiliative interactions, disconfirming these early beliefs about others being rejecting, critical or hostile towards the self, and more effectively reducing the invalidation caused by positive and negative symptomatology of schizophrenia on social functioning.
Extremely Facile Transformations of Tris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borate: a Bidentate Nitrogen Ligand and a C2‐Chiral Cation
Authors: Daryanavard Marzieh , Armstrong David , Lough Alan J. , Fekl Ulrich 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo novel transformations are reported for the well‐known hydridotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borate (Tp*–). The uncommon Lewis base abstractor aryldiazonium cation (ArN2+; Ar = p‐Br‐C6H4, p‐MeO‐C6H4) if used in equimolar amounts, removes a hydride from Tp*– in acetone to produce the formal acetone adduct of tris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borane (pz*3B·C3H6O, compound 1). Frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) like behavior is thus found for a tris(pyrazolyl)borane. If 2 equiv. of ArN2+ are used, 3,5‐dimethylpyrazolate is now being abstracted from 1, and the resulting intermediate bifunctional borane adds another equivalent of acetone to form cation 2+ {[pz*2B·(C3H6O)2]+, obtained as 2‐BF4}, a boronium cation that is the formal addition product of 2 equiv. of acetone to the bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borinium cation. Compounds 1 and 2+ are characterized by 1H, 13C, and 11B NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 is potentially useful as a charge‐neutral bidentate chelate ligand with controlled sterics, and 2+ is a C2‐chiral cation.
Research on drug–receptor interactions and prediction of drug activity via oriented immobilized receptor capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Liu Chunye , Zhang Xuejiao , Jing Hui , Miao Yanqing , Zhao Lingzhi , Han Yan , Cui Cuixia 
Published: June 2015

Oriented covalent immobilized β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2‐AR) CE (OIRCE) was developed to determine the interactions between a set of natural extracts of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (NERPR) and β2‐AR, and to predict the activity of NERPR. The inner capillary surface is chemically bonded with stable β2‐AR coating via microwave‐assisted technical synthesis. The modified capillaries were characterized via infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, the bonding amounts of β2‐AR were first obtained via fluorescence spectroscopy method. In determining the amount of bonded β2‐AR, the regression equation A = 576 707C + 35.449 and the correlation coefficient 0.9995 were obtained. This result revealed an excellent linear relationship in the range of 2 × 10−4 mg/mL to 1 × 10−3 mg/mL. The normalized capacity factor (KRCE) was obtained using OIRCE in evaluating drug–receptor interactions. Related theories and equations were used to calculate KRCE values from apparent migration times of a solute and EOF. The order of KRCE and the binding constant (Kb) values between drugs and β2‐AR was well consistent. The results confirmed that the OIRCE and KRCE values can be effectually used to investigate drug‐receptor interactions, and OIRCE has the potential to predict drug activity and to select leading compounds from natural chemicals.
Eating Disorders in Adolescents with Celiac Disease: Influence of Personality Characteristics and Coping
Authors: Wagner Gudrun , Zeiler Michael , Berger Gabriele , Huber Wolf‐Dietrich , Favaro Angela , Santonastaso Paolo , Karwautz Andreas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesPatients suffering from celiac disease (CD) have a higher risk of developing disturbed eating behaviour.MethodIn a multi‐centre study, 259 female adolescents with CD and without a chronic condition were analysed regarding their eating disorder (ED) status, depression, personality, coping strategies and quality of life.ResultsPatients with CD and comorbid EDs were older and more often non‐compliant with their diet and had a higher body mass index (BMI) and higher levels of depression. Differences in personality features disappear when controlling for age and depression. Higher ill‐being and lower joy in life were reported by patients with CD and ED compared with patients without EDs, even when controlling for age and depression levels. No differences between patients (with CD) with and without EDs in coping strategies were found. BMI and lower self‐directedness predicted ED status.ConclusionsEarly identification of EDs in patients with CD is suggested and should include BMI and personality factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
High Temperature Micro‐Fan for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Milewski J. , Miller A. , Mozer E. , Świercz T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe possibility of using a μ‐fan in tubular solid oxide fuel cells module (SOFC‐M) is shown. The μ‐fan is placed instead of the ejector and fulfills its role. The main advantages of this solution are: lower power demanded by the fuel compressor (blower), more stable working characteristics, and the possibility of more accurate control of the recycled part of the anode gas during part load operation. A comparison of two SOFC‐Ms, with and without the ejector, is also shown and commented.