bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring CO in an anti-smoking campaign in Virovitičko-podravska County in Croatia
Authors: Mihaljević S. , Beneš M. , Venus M. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Measuring carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaled breath with a visual representation can aid in smoking cessation by increasing smokers’ awareness of how smoking negatively affects their health and how many harmful substances they introduce into their bodies. Individuals attempting to quit smoking can regularly measure CO levels to monitor their progress in reducing this gas in their system.The national „Smoke Out Day” is a day aimed at encouraging smokers to quit smoking in the Republic of Croatia. It is celebrated on the first day of Lent, as it is a period when most people contemplate giving up something they enjoy throughout the year.The Institute of Public Health of Virovitičko-podravska County sets up a booth in one of the cities in County on that day. There we offer pamphlets to passersby with information about the harmful effects of smoking and provide them with the opportunity to measure carbon monoxide in their exhaled breath.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore relationship between smoking status, smoke exposure and the levels of exhaled carbon monoxide.MethodsFor measuring CO we used piCO simple Smokerlyzer. From April 2015 till May 2023, 462 individuals have participated in this measurement. The data were processed using the Python programming language version 3.9 and the statistical library Pingouin version 0.5.3. Data visualization was performed using the Seaborn library version 0.12.2. The statistical analyses employed in this study are partial correlations. The Spearman method was used for partial correlations because it can identify nonlinear relationships and is more accurate and robust when the assumptions for Pearson correlation are not met.ResultsPartial correlation analysis indicates that there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of carbon monoxide and the following parameters:-Non-smoking status in years (rho = -0.526, p <0.001, two-tailed test).-Number of cigarettes smoked per day (rho = 0.369, p <0.001, two-tailed test).-Testing time after 3 PM (rho = 0.234, p <0.001, two-tailed test).-Number of years as a smoker (rho = 0.230, p <0.001, two-tailed test).-Age in years (rho = -0.179, p <0.001, two-tailed test).-Time spent in a smoky area (rho = 0.114, p <0.016, two-tailed test).
ConclusionsIn summary, these results provide valuable insights into the factors associated with carbon monoxide levels in humans, with smoking-related variables, age, and testing time showing notable partial correlations. It is important to consider these relationships when assessing and managing carbon monoxide exposure and its potential health implications.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Cerebral-cognitive reserve: concept and functions of the cerebral-cognitive reserve
Authors: Sidenkova A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe modern understanding of AD allows us to consider it through the constructs of “vulnerability” and “stability” of the brain as a dynamic system of dialectical interaction between the pathogenic process and the protective process that prevents neurodegeneration. The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) is based on observations of discrepancy between the degree of brain pathology and the severity of clinical manifestations. The concept of “reserve” was proposed to describe the resistance of the brain to a developing damage caused by a pathological process. Stern (2002) considered CR as a protective factor that modifies the impact of brain pathology on cognitive function. The researchers have defined CR as an ability to optimize cognitive function through differential involvement of structures or neural networks of the brain into brain activity.ObjectivesA systematic review of scientific studies has been conductedMethodsThe review includes an analysis of full-text literature sources.ResultsSeveral possible directions of CR influence on cognitive functions have been described:1)CR may reduce the risk of MCI or dementia through mechanisms, which do not depend on the level of neurodegenerative pathological changes in the brain.2)CR can interact with the markers of brain pathology or healthaffectingthe future cognitive decline or risk of progression. It has been found that smaller volumes or thickness in some AD vulnerable areas of the brain represent a stronger risk factor for cognitive impairment in people with low CR than in people with higher CR. CR protective effects on clinical outcomes reduce as the number of damaged neurons increases.3)The protective effect of CR increasesduring late AD onset and at a low rate of the damaged substrate accumulation.4)CR changes the relationship between genetic factors and aging withclinical and cognitive outcomes. The relationship between age and AD pathology level or age-related structural changes in the brain may weaken in people with higher CR
ConclusionsThe concept of cerebral-cognitive reserve actualizes the problem of the search for compensatory mechanisms of cognitive deficit in AD, the assessmentof the structure of the reserve, the development and implementationof programs to maintain the reserve, the preventionof its depletion, starting from the preclinical stage of the disease, which can prevent the transformation of preclinical manifestations of AD into cognitive disordersDisclosure of InterestNone Declared
A study on the complex interplay between inflammation and severe mental disorders (SMInflam)
Authors: Della Rocca B. , Luciano M. , De Felice G. , Di Vincenzo M. , Toni C. , Arsenio E. , Sampogna G. , Fiorillo A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAn alteration of inflammatory indices has been reported in several major mental disorders. This alteration seems to be related to disease severity and treatment resistance, but its pathophysiological meaning remains to be established. Patients with severe mental disorders tend to have increased levels of circulating cytokines and increased microglial activity in the central nervous system, suggesting that inflammation may contribute to the onset, or chronicity, of mental disorders. Detecting inflammation‐relevant symptom clusters across mental disorders may represent an important step towards precision medicine in psychiatry.ObjectivesThe SMInflam project is a longitudinal, observational, real-world study which aims to: assess a set of inflammatory indices at baseline in a sample of patients with the diagnosis of a major mental disorder; identify inflammatory profiles of these patients using a latent class analysis approach; assess the response to pharmacological treatments of patients with different inflammatory profiles; re-assess the inflammatory indices and profiles at several times during follow-up and test their correlation with the evolution of psychopathology.MethodsThe sample will consist of 50 patients with a diagnosis of a major mental disorders consecutively enrolled at the outpatient unit of the Department of Psychiatry of University of Campania. All enrolled patients will be administered a set of reliable and validated psychopathological assessment tools. We will perform a complete physical evaluation, and a battery of laboratory tests. Peripheral markers of chronic inflammation will be assessed. Clinical and biological assessments will be performed at baseline (T0) and after 3 and 6 months (respectively, T1 and T2).ResultsExpected results include the evaluation of the levels of inflammatory indices in a varied sample of patients with severe mental disorders. According to the pre-post design, these aspects will be evaluated before the start and at the follow-up. We will also take into consideration the role of confounding factors such as age and gender, which represent a critical biological variable influencing such inflammatory pathways.ConclusionsCollected data will be used for having a more informative, reliable and valid characterization of psychopathology in a vast sample of patients with severe mental disorders. Our study may represent the first of a new wave of methodologically-sound studies on the role of inflammation and psychopathology in patients with severe mental disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Spirituality is Associated with Immune Parameters and Disease Activity in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Módis L. , Aradi Z. , Horváth F. I. , Pikó P. , Szántó A. , Bugán A. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
The role of spirituality in health and disease is a complex and emerging area of research. Incorporating spirituality into the bio-psycho-social model of health and disease leading to the bio-psycho-social-spiritual model provides a more comprehensive framework. In this context, chronic disorders like primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) are of interest due to their intricate interactions between biological, psychological, and spiritual factors.ObjectivesTo study possible relationships between spirituality, immune parameters, and disease activity in pSS patients.Methods
Patient recruitment for the study took place at the Autoimmune Sjögren specialty clinic, University of Debrecen, resulting in 112 patients. Assessing spirituality of the patients happened through 4 direct questions and the Sprituality Transcendence Scale (24 items). Besides, clinical data of the patients were involved in the study including blood cell counts, rheumatoid factor, immunoglobulin G, Sjögren-specific autoantibodies and disease activity scores (semi-objective and patient reported,). The statistical analysis was conducted applying group comparisons between spiritual and non-spiritual groups, and linear and logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex, age, disease duration, settlement type, education, living in partnership and smoking. Out of the 112 patients 4 gave incomplete response, and therefore got excluded from the analysis, resulting in a total sample size of 108.ResultsSemi-objective disease activity score (ESSDAI) and perceived vaginal dryness was significantly lower in the non-spiritual group. Spirituality was proven as a significant predictor of anti-SSB autoantibody serum activity and ESSDAI, while engaging in prayer/meditation and its duration predicted significantly anti-SSA autoantibody serum activity, perceived skin and tracheal dryness. Concerning logistic regression analysis, we found that an increase of one unit in spirituality reduces the probability with 81.6% of having a detectable, semi-objective disease activity at all. Significant associations were found between the duration of prayer/meditation and both semi-objective and patient reported disease activity scores and autoantibody anti-SSB with an inverse ratio based on logistic regression model.ConclusionsSpirituality is associated with immune parameters and disease activity in pSS. Patients with spiritual attitude are less likely to have increased disease activity. Besides being spiritual, engagement in individual spiritual activities, such as prayer/meditation has beneficial disease modifying effect. These changes are supposedly due to psychoneuroimmunological pathways. In addition to the biologically measurable variables, the alleviation and aggravation of perceived symptoms (e.g. dryness) are important outcomes of spiritual engagement and practice.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Clinical Insights into Antipsychotics and Rifampicin Interaction: A Case Report
Authors: Abreu P. , Ferreira dos Santos C. , Pereira M. , Vieira Lisboa M. , Cameira M. , Rebelo Soares M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAntipsychotics are the primary class of drugs used to manage schizophrenia. These medications help control and reduce the severity of these symptoms, allowing individuals with schizophrenia to better function. On the other hand, rifampicin, used as treatment for tuberculosis, is a powerful inducer of several drug-metabolizing enzymes which have the potential to decrease the plasma levels of antipsychotics. Therefore, the presence of multiple pharmacokinetic interactions can alter how antipsychotics are metabolized, leading to a notable clinical impact when these medications are administered concurrently.ObjectivesThe objective is to share valuable clinical experiences and insights to aid healthcare providers in making informed decisions when faced with the challenge of co-administering antipsychotics with rifampicin, ultimately ensuring the safety and efficacy of treatment for their patients.MethodsIt will be discussed a case of a 41-year-old woman with the diagnosis of schizophrenia under treatment with paliperidone palmitate and clozapine who had a sudden relapse after starting treatment for latent tuberculosis with rifampicin as a framework for a literature review based off Pubmed.Results
The antituberculosis drug rifampicin induces drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver, having the greatest effects on the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) and therefore can lead to a decrease in the plasma levels of antipsychotic medications that also rely on these pathways for clearance. In this particular case, although specific data on clozapine and paliperidone concentrations were not reported, fluctuations in symptomatology following rifampicin introduction were probably explained by an inducing effect of this drug on their metabolism. So, when initiating rifampicin treatment and when discontinuing it, clinicians should carefully assess the dosages of any concomitant medications that may potentially interact with rifampicin. To ensure effective therapy during rifampicin treatment, it is crucial to monitor both the patient’s clinical response and their blood drug concentrations, making dosage adjustments as necessary.ConclusionsThis case report offers valuable guidance to clinicians on safely and effectively managing drug interactions between antipsychotic medications and rifampicin, ensuring the well-being of their patients during treatment. The co-administration of these medications lacks robust clinical evidence, and notably, there is insufficient data regarding its impact on plasma antipsychotic levels, a crucial factor in determining clinical effectiveness.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Case Analysis of a Patient with Functional Pathological Crying
Authors: Tay T. S. A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionFunctional pathological crying is a complex psychic phenomenon which poses both diagnostic and management challenges to the psychiatrist and psychotherapist. Apart from treatment with medications when clinically indicated, psychodynamic psychotherapy can be useful to understand the aetiology and to address these psychological issues faced by patients.ObjectivesIn this case report, psychodynamic psychotherapeutic techniques are employed to examine and manage functional pathological crying.Ms L was a 33-year-old Chinese single woman who presented with mixed depressive and anxiety symptoms associated with frequent severe bouts of wailing. She had a history of parental neglect and childhood sexual abuse. Following psychiatric assessment, she was diagnosed with Mixed Depressive and Anxiety Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder. She was treated with Sertraline 50mg every morning and was referred for psychodynamic therapy.MethodsBuilding trust and rapport with Ms L was crucial so that the therapeutic relationship could be utilized as a vehicle for change through earned attachments. Helping her appreciate how present experiences reflect conflicts from her past and addressing her defence mechanisms with the aims of expression of emotions, exploring her wishes and fantasies to access unconscious conflicts were important. These build greater self-awareness which helped her to develop the capacity for emotional self-regulation, bringing about an increase in her level of adaptation to stressors.ResultsDuring the early phase of therapy, Ms L would be wailing throughout most of the therapy hour. As therapeutic rapport and trust were established, she began to open up about her abuse for us to explore her conflicts and complex emotions associated with it.The key themes that emerged were her chronic low self-esteem with fears of authorities and abandonment, the tendency to take up a defended regressive helpless child-like position whenever feelings related to the abuse were rekindled, as well as the manifestation of these complicated psychic experiences in the form of a complex wailing phenomenon.The functional pathological crying was a mixture of an expression of her challenging conflictual painful feelings, symbolic expression of her cry for help, repressive and regressive child-like emotional states as well as having a defensive function to avoid coming in touch with painful feelings.Through therapy, Ms L was able to make better sense of her wailing, develop the capacity for emotional self-regulation by adopting a healthier adult position in responding to difficult feelings when triggered, learning to forgive herself and others, assume better self-care and improved relationships with others.ConclusionsThrough psychodynamic psychotherapy, complex functional pathological crying can be better understood and managed to bring about intra-psychic and interpersonal functional improvements.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Experience real-time, health and biological outcoMes of personal recovery in PeOple With mEntal disorders in Residential facilities (EMPOWER): a cohort study
Authors: Martinelli A. , de Girolamo G. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Deinstitutionalization has resulted in diverse mental health care models, influenced by local resources, funding, and cultural factors. In Italy, 127 Department of Mental Health (DMHs) provide care for individuals with mental disorders. People with severe mental disorders (SMD) live independently or in residential facilities (RFs). Approximately half of the Italian DMH budget is allocated to RFs, serving around 3.6% of people with SMD. Italian RFs prioritize personal recovery, empowering individuals with SMD to live fulfilling lives despite symptoms and psychosocial challenges. While personal recovery is known to improve well-being and cost-effectiveness, its implementation in Italian RFs remains incomplete. There is insufficient evidence regarding its impact on various outcomes for residents, including health, psychosocial, and biological factors.Objectives
The EMPOWER Study aims to assess whether adding personal recovery to Treatment As Usual (TAU) in Italian RFs could improve functioning (primary outcome), health, biological status, productivity and interpersonal relationships (secondary outcomes) among patients receiving the personal recovery-oriented treatment, compared with TAU. Additionally, data will be collected from informal caregivers, mental health professionals, and concerning the recovery orientation of RFs.MethodsThis study employs a longitudinal cohort design, gathering data at baseline and six-month follow-up in Italian RFs. A cohort of residents over 18 y.o. who receive a personal recovery-oriented treatment, the Mental Health Recovery Star (N=20), is compared to a matched group of residents receiving the TAU (N=20). International standardized assessments collect patients’ data on functioning, psychopathology, need for care, quality of life (QoL), positivity, social network, service satisfaction, and patient stigma. Informal caregivers’ data includes burden, QoL, positivity, and service satisfaction. Mental health professionals’ data encompasses burnout, stress, stigma, positivity, and work satisfaction. The working alliance between professionals and patients is assessed. Clinical and biological exams (blood and saliva samples) are collected, along with actigraphy data on patients’ circadian rhythm and physical activities. Digital data through a mobile app captures psychopathology, productive activities, social network, using the Experience Sampling Method with questions defined with patients. Focus groups with patients, professionals, and informal caregivers are facilitated by an expert by experience. Recovery orientation of RFs is assessed.ResultsNot yet available.ConclusionsThis study aims to generate novel insight that could improve our treatment approaches for patients in residential facilities.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Psycho-social predictors of motivation for treatment in patients with mental disorders: the role of adverse childhood experiences and internalized stigma.
Authors: Lutova N. , Gerasimchuk E. , Sorokin M. , Bocharova M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionMotivation for treatment is an important socio-psychological characteristic of patients, which is subject to the joint influence of various factors, each of which may require specific rehabilitation interventions.ObjectivesTo analyze and evaluate the cumulative influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), internal stigma, social characteristics on the intensity of treatment motivation in patients with mental disorders.Methods
102 patients with mental disorders were examined using Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACEQ), Russian-language validated Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale and Treatment Motivation Assessment Questionnaire (TMAQ).Results
As a result of regression analysis (table 1), a model was obtained that predicted an increase in the chances of high patient’s motivation for treatment with an increase in the total score of ACEs (ACEQ total score) and with higher education. The overall severity of internal stigma (ISMI total score) did not show a significant effect on the chances of developing intense motivation in patients.
Table 1.Model of logistic regression analysis of educational, ACE total score and ISMI total score with the severity of motivation for treatment.PredictorBSEpExp (B)95% confidence interval for EXP(B)Secondary education1,1200,6990,1093,0650,778-12,074Higher education1,9720,775,0117,1891,574-32,834ISMI total score-0,4350,7730,5740,6470,142-2,946ACEQ total score0,3460,1470,0191,4141,060-1,886After post data analysis (table 2), a cut-off point was established for the ACEQ total score of 4 points, corresponding to an increased chances of high patient’s treatment motivation.
Table 2.Results of the test ROC analysis for ACEQ total score and the severity of motivation for treatment.CutpointSensitivity (%)Specificity (%)Youden’s indexAUC364.71%53.57%0.1830.689450%75%0.2500.689538.24%85.71%0.2390.689ConclusionsACEs may likely be a source of posttraumatic growth in adulthood in patients with mental illness specially if their count amounts to 4 or more variants. The role of social and psychological characteristics of patients with mental disorders in the psychology of the treatment process should be considered systemically, rather than discretely.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared