bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subexponential lower bounds for f-ergodic Markov processes
Authors: Brešar Miha , Mijatović Aleksandar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe provide a criterion for establishing lower bounds on the rate of convergence in f-variation of a continuous-time ergodic Markov process to its invariant measure. The criterion consists of novel super- and submartingale conditions for certain functionals of the Markov process. It provides a general approach for proving lower bounds on the tails of the invariant measure and the rate of convergence in f-variation of a Markov process, analogous to the widely used Lyapunov drift conditions for upper bounds. Our key technical innovation produces lower bounds on the tails of the heights and durations of the excursions from bounded sets of a continuous-time Markov process using path-wise arguments. We apply our theory to elliptic diffusions and Lévy-driven stochastic differential equations with known polynomial/stretched exponential upper bounds on their rates of convergence. Our lower bounds match asymptotically the known upper bounds for these classes of models, thus establishing their rate of convergence to stationarity. The generality of the approach suggests that, analogous to the Lyapunov drift conditions for upper bounds, our methods can be expected to find applications in many other settings.
DNA-based studies and genetic diversity indicator assessments are complementary approaches to conserving evolutionary potential
Authors: Hoban Sean , Paz-Vinas Ivan , Shaw Robyn E. , Castillo-Reina Luis , da Silva Jessica M. , DeWoody J. Andrew , Ekblom Robert , Fedorca Ancuta , Forester Brenna R. , Funk W. Chris , Geue Julia C. , Heuertz Myriam , Hollingsworth Peter M. , Hughes Alice C. , Hunter Margaret E. , Hvilsom Christina , Ishihama Fumiko , Jordan Rebecca , Kalamujić Stroil Belma , Kershaw Francine , Khoury Colin K. , Köppä Viktoria , Laikre Linda , Macdonald Anna J. , Mastretta-Yanes Alicia , Meek Mariah H. , Mergeay Joachim , Millette Katie L. , O’Brien David , Rincón-Parra Victor J. , Rodríguez-Morales M. Alejandra , Schuman Meredith C. , Segelbacher Gernot , Sunnucks Paul , Taylor Rebecca S. , Thurfjell Henrik , Vernesi Cristiano , Grueber Catherine E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenetic diversity is essential for maintaining healthy populations and ecosystems. Several approaches have recently been developed to evaluate population genetic trends without necessarily collecting new genetic data. Such “genetic diversity indicators” enable rapid, large-scale evaluation across dozens to thousands of species. Empirical genetic studies, when available, provide detailed information that is important for management, such as estimates of gene flow, inbreeding, genetic erosion and adaptation. In this article, we argue that the development and advancement of genetic diversity indicators is a complementary approach to genetic studies in conservation biology, but not a substitute. Genetic diversity indicators and empirical genetic data can provide different information for conserving genetic diversity. Genetic diversity indicators enable affordable tracking, reporting, prioritization and communication, although, being proxies, do not provide comprehensive evaluation of the genetic status of a species. Conversely, genetic methods offer detailed analysis of the genetic status of a given species or population, although they remain challenging to implement for most species globally, given current capacity and resourcing. We conclude that indicators and genetic studies are both important for genetic conservation actions and recommend they be used in combination for conserving and monitoring genetic diversity.
Detach-ROCKET: sequential feature selection for time series classification with random convolutional kernels
Authors: Uribarri Gonzalo , Barone Federico , Ansuini Alessio , Fransén Erik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTime Series Classification (TSC) is essential in fields like medicine, environmental science, and finance, enabling tasks such as disease diagnosis, anomaly detection, and stock price analysis. While machine learning models like Recurrent Neural Networks and InceptionTime are successful in numerous applications, they can face scalability issues due to computational requirements. Recently, ROCKET has emerged as an efficient alternative, achieving state-of-the-art performance and simplifying training by utilizing a large number of randomly generated features from the time series data. However, many of these features are redundant or non-informative, increasing computational load and compromising generalization. Here we introduce Sequential Feature Detachment (SFD) to identify and prune non-essential features in ROCKET-based models, such as ROCKET, MiniRocket, and MultiRocket. SFD estimates feature importance using model coefficients and can handle large feature sets without complex hyperparameter tuning. Testing on the UCR archive shows that SFD can produce models with better test accuracy using only 10% of the original features. We named these pruned models Detach-ROCKET. We also present an end-to-end procedure for determining an optimal balance between the number of features and model accuracy. On the largest binary UCR dataset, Detach-ROCKET improves test accuracy by 0.6% while reducing features by 98.9%. By enabling a significant reduction in model size without sacrificing accuracy, our methodology improves computational efficiency and contributes to model interpretability. We believe that Detach-ROCKET will be a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners working with time series data, who can find a user-friendly implementation of the model at https://github.com/gon-uri/detach_rocket.
Nominal VP anaphora in Scandinavian and English
Authors: Weir Andrew 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the properties of nominal phrases and demonstratives used as verbal anaphora in Norwegian, Danish, English, and Scots-English, e.g. English Can John make good curry? – That he can; Norwegian Anja ligger godt an, det samme gjør Madelène lit. ‘Anja is in a good position, Madelène does the same [thing]’. Following Lødrup (Proceedings of NELS 24, 1994), Houser et al. (Proceedings of WECOL 34, 2007), Bentzen et al. (J Comp Ger Linguist 16:91–125, 2013), these anaphoric expressions are argued to be surface anaphora and to conceal elided vPs. Contrary to previous analyses, the nominal phrases are argued to themselves be contributing meaning beyond the vPs they conceal; they are argued to be overt background arguments for an ellipsis-licensing head with semantics similar to Rooth’s ∼ operator (Nat Lang Semant 1(1):75–116, 1992). The paper also explores cross-linguistic variation in the discourse/antecedence conditions on such anaphora, and their fronting behavior. In Danish and (general) English, such anaphora must generally topicalize, whereas in Norwegian and Scots-English, they can more freely appear in situ (in post-auxiliary position). Developing Mikkelsen’s (J Linguist 51(3):595–643, 2015) analysis of Danish det, this behavior is encoded as a feature [uTop] which must be checked; Norwegian is argued to have more possibilities to check this feature in situ than Danish, while in Scots-English, that is argued to be a propositional anaphor, lacking the relevant feature.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Immunodeficiency—Centromeric Instability—Facial Dysmorphism (ICF) Syndrome: an EBMT/ESID Inborn Errors Working Party Study
Authors: Berghuis Dagmar , Mehyar Lubna S. , Abu-Arja Rolla , Albert Michael H. , Barnum Jessie L. , von Bernuth Horst , Elfeky Reem , Lewalle Philippe , Laberko Alexandra , Ghosh Sujal , Slatter Mary A. , Weemaes Corry M. R. , Yesilipek Akif , Sirait Tiarlan , Neven Bénédicte , Gennery Andrew R. , Lankester Arjan C. ,   on behalf of the Inborn Errors Working Party (IEWP) of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID), the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and the European Reference Network that aims at improving the care of patients with rare immunological disorders (ERN-RITA)
Published: August 2024

AbstractImmunodeficiency–Centromeric instability–Facial dysmorphism (ICF) syndrome is an inborn error of immunity characterized by progressive immune dysfunction and multi-organ disease usually treated with antimicrobial prophylaxis and immunoglobulin substitution. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment, but data on outcome are scarce. We provide a detailed description of disease characteristics and HSCT outcome in an international cohort of ICF syndrome patients. Eighteen patients (including all four genotypes) were enrolled. Main HSCT indications were infections (83%), enteropathy/failure to thrive (56%), immune dysregulation (22%) and myelodysplasia/haematological malignancy (17%). Two patients underwent pre-emptive HSCT after early diagnosis. Patients were transplanted between 2003–2021, at median age 4.3 years (range 0.5–19), after myeloablative or reduced-intensity conditioning, from matched sibling or matched family donors, matched unrelated or mismatched donors in 39%, 50% and 12% of cases respectively. Overall survival was 83% (all deaths occurred within the first 5 months post-HSCT; mean follow-up 54 months (range 1–185)). Acute GvHD occurred in 35% of patients, severe (grade III) in two (12%), while none developed chronic GvHD. At latest follow-up (median 2.2 years (range 0.1–14)), complete donor chimerism was achieved in 15/17 surviving patients. All survivors demonstrated normalized T and B cell numbers. Immunoglobulin substitution independence was achieved in all but two patients. All survivors recovered from pre-transplant infections, enteropathy/failure to thrive and immune dysregulation. All three patients transplanted at young age (≤ 3 years), after early diagnosis, survived. The favourable clinical and immunological HSCT outcome in this cohort of patients supports the timely use of this curative treatment in ICF syndrome.
Age- and Sex-Associated Wnt Signaling Dysregulation is Exacerbated from the Early Stages of Neuropathology in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model
Authors: Colín-Martínez Elizabeth , Espino-de-la-Fuente César , Arias Clorinda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEmerging studies suggest that Wnt signaling is dysregulated in the brains of AD patients, suggesting that this pathway may also contribute to disease progression. However, it remains to be determined whether alterations in the Wnt pathway are the cause or consequence of this disease and which elements of Wnt signaling mainly contribute to the appearance of AD histopathological markers early in disease compared to what occurs during normal aging. The present study aimed to describe the status of several canonical Wnt pathway components and the expression of the AD marker p-tau in the hippocampi of female and male 3xTg-AD mice during disease progression compared to those during normal aging. We analyzed the levels of the canonical Wnt components Wnt7a, Dkk-1, LRP6 and GSK3β as well as the levels of p-tau and BDNF at 3, 6, 9–12 and 18 months of age. We found a gradual increase in Dkk-1 levels during aging prior to Wnt7a and LRP5/6 depletion, which was strongly exacerbated in 3xTg-AD mice even at young ages and correlated with GSK3β activation and p-tau-S202/Thr205 expression. Dkk-1 upregulation, as well as the level of p-tau, was significantly greater in females than in males. Our results suggest that Dkk-1 upregulation is involved in the expression of several features of AD at early stages, which supports the possibility of positively modulating the canonical Wnt pathway as a therapeutic tool to delay this disease at early stages.
A decision-supporting system for vineyard management: a multi-temporal approach with remote and proximal sensing
Authors: Deidda A. , Sassu A. , Mercenaro L. , Nieddu G. , Fadda C. , Deiana P. F. , Gambella F. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Site-specific field management operations represent one of the fundamental principles of precision viticulture. The purpose of the research is to observe and analyse the evolution of a vineyard over three consecutive years to understand which factors most significantly influence the quality of the vineyard’s production.

Methods
The research involved technologically advanced tools for crop monitoring, such as remote and proximal sensors for vegetation surveys. In association, grape quality analyses were performed through laboratory analysis, constructing geostatistical interpolation maps and matrix correlation tables.

Results
Both remote and proximal sensing instruments demonstrated their ability to effectively estimate the spatial distribution of vegetative and quality characteristics within the vineyard. Information obtained from GNDVI and CHM proved to be valuable and high-performance tools for assessing field variability. The differentiated plant management resulted in uniform production quality characteristics, a change evident through the monitoring techniques.

Conclusion
The research highlights the effectiveness of using advanced technological instruments for crop monitoring and their importance in achieving uniformity in production quality characteristics through differentiated plant management. From the results obtained, it was possible to observe how differentiated plant management led to a uniformity of production quality characteristics and how the monitoring techniques can observe their evolution. This result represents a positive accomplishment in field management during the three monitoring years, responding to the principles and objectives of precision agriculture.
Mapping the Occupations of Recent Graduates. The Role of Academic Background in the Digital Era
Authors: Corrales-Herrero Helena , Rodríguez-Prado Beatriz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe progressive robotisation and the introduction of artificial intelligence imply economic and social changes. In this paper, we investigate their impact on the occupations of recent Spanish graduates and examine how graduates with different skills can expect their occupations to be transformed by the digital era. To this end –using a three-step approach—we first map occupations in terms of the level of the transformative and destructive effects of digitalization, and determine which groups are most threatened. Second, we characterize the technological occupational groups according to dimensions related to worker and job requirements, such as abilities, skills and tasks performed. Finally, we explore the influence of educational background on the probability of belonging to each group. The analysis relies on three data sources—the main one being microdata from the Survey on Labour Market Insertion of University Graduates (EILU-2019)—which provide exhaustive information about students’ education and training during and after their degree. Results show that only about 15% of graduates hold jobs that have a high probability of being replaced by machines over the next 10–20 years, although a significant number will still face changes in their occupations that will affect skill requirements. Graduates working in these occupations will need a high level of flexibility if they are to adjust to rapid changes and not be displaced. Moreover, certain features of students’ academic background –such as the field of study or more formal education– play a key role and offer some tips to mitigate possible disruptions in graduate employability.
Georges Florovsky on nuclear restraint and responsibility: introduction to Florovsky’s letter
Authors: Obolevitch Teresa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article presents the context of Georges Florovsky’s letter to Davis McCaughey. The creation of the atomic bomb and the philosophical and theological challenges it caused are also presented. The content of the Report The Era of Atomic Power: of a Commission, which was initiated by the British Council of Churches, and McCaughey’s participation in its writing, are presented as well. Finally, Florovsky’s attitude towards science and technical progress, and the relevance of Florovsky’s letter are also shown.
Must depression be irrational?
Authors: Cavedon-Taylor Dan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe received view about depression in the philosophical literature is that it is defined, in part, by epistemic irrationality. This status is undeserved. The received view does not fully reflect current clinical thinking and is motivated by an overly simplistic, if not false, account of depression’s phenomenal character. Equally attractive, if not more so, is a view that says depression can be instantiated either rationally or irrationally. This rival view faces challenges of its own: it appears to entail that there are situations when not being depressed is rationally sub-optimal and that resilience to, and healthy coping strategies for avoiding, depression can be rationally remiss. I criticise an existing reply to these challenges before motivating a better one from the perspective of epistemic consequentialism.
Computational psychiatry and the evolving concept of a mental disorder
Authors: Genin Konstantin , Grote Thomas , Wolfers Thomas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs a discipline, psychiatry is in the process of finding the right set of concepts to organize research and guide treatment. Dissatisfaction with the status quo as expressed in standard manuals has animated a number of computational paradigms, each proposing to rectify the received concept of mental disorder. We explore how different computational paradigms: normative modeling, network theory and learning-theoretic approaches like reinforcement learning and active inference, reconceptualize mental disorders. Although each paradigm borrows heavily from machine learning, they differ significantly in their methodology, their preferred level of description, the role they assign to the environment and, especially, the degree to which they aim to assimilate psychiatric disorders to a standard medical disease model. By imagining how these paradigms might evolve, we bring into focus three rather different visions for the future of psychiatric research. Although machine learning plays a crucial role in the articulation of these paradigms, it is clear that we are far from automating the process of conceptual revision. The leading role continues to be played by the theoretical, metaphysical and methodological commitments of the competing paradigms.
On Political Grounds: A Forward-Looking Argument for Property Restitution in Poland
Authors: Levin Omri 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn all, 90% of Polish Jews, more than 3 million people, were murdered by the Nazis during the Holocaust, and 90% of the survivors left Poland. The survivors and their heirs, most of them not currently living in Poland, saw their land confiscated by the Nazis, nationalized by the communists and reprivatized and sold to others. Poland is the only country in the EU not to have a comprehensive restitution law. The issue of land restitution is still present in current debate in Poland, as part of a broader discussion over the Second World War, communism, privatization and corruption. While Poland blocked all restitution claims in 2021, Jewish communities as well as other governments called Poland to adopt a comprehensive restitution law for everyone. Now, 30 years after the fall of communism, what justifies such claims? This paper argues that forward-looking collective responsibility is the most helpful concept to understand the Jewish restitution problem in Poland today, and claims that any future settlement of this issue should be based on it. By applying this concept, as developed by Iris Marion Young, to the Polish restitution case, we look into the past – not to look for people to blame, but to look for social connections that have implications for the present. This way, we can remember the past, learn from it and heal relationships between people without being slaves to it.
Demographics and outcomes of patients younger than 75 years undergoing aortic valve interventions in Rotterdam
Authors: Adrichem Rik , Mattace-Raso A. Maarten , Hokken Thijmen W. , van den Dorpel Mark M. P. , de Ronde Marjo J. A. G. , Lenzen Mattie J. , Cummins Paul A. , Kardys Isabella , Nuis Rutger-Jan , Daemen Joost , Bekkers Jos A. , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is considered a safe and effective alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for elderly patients across the operative risk spectrum. In the Netherlands, TAVI is reimbursed only for patients with a high operative risk. Despite this, one fifth of TAVI patients are < 75 years of age. We aim to compare patient characteristics and outcomes of TAVI and SAVR patients < 75 years.

Methods
This study included all patients < 75 years without active endocarditis undergoing TAVI or SAVR for severe aortic stenosis, mixed aortic valve disease or degenerated aortic bioprosthesis between 2015 and 2020 at the Erasmus University Medical Centre. Dutch authority guidelines were used to classify operative risk.

Results
TAVI was performed in 292 patients, SAVR in 386 patients. Based on the Dutch risk algorithm, 59.6% of TAVI patients and 19.4% of SAVR patients were at high operative risk. There was no difference in 30-day all-cause mortality between TAVI and SAVR (2.4% vs 0.8%, p = 0.083). One-year and 5‑year mortality was higher after TAVI than after SAVR (1-year: 12.5% vs 4.3%, p < 0.001; 5‑year: 36.8% vs 12.0%, p < 0.001). Within risk categories we found no difference between treatment strategies. Independent predictors of mortality were cardiovascular comorbidities (left ventricular ejection fraction < 30%, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension) and the presence of malignancies, liver cirrhosis or immunomodulatory drug use.

Conclusion
At the Erasmus University Medical Centre, in patients < 75 years, TAVI is selected for higher-risk phenotypes and overall has higher long-term mortality than SAVR. We found no evidence for worse outcome within risk categories.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Classification of CT Images Using a Hybrid SpinalZFNet
Authors: Maqsood Faiqa , Zhenfei Wang , Ali Muhammad Mumtaz , Qiu Baozhi , Rehman Naveed Ur , Sabah Fahad , Mahmood Tahir , Din Irfanud , Sarwar Raheem 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe kidney is an abdominal organ in the human body that supports filtering excess water and waste from the blood. Kidney diseases generally occur due to changes in certain supplements, medical conditions, obesity, and diet, which causes kidney function and ultimately leads to complications such as chronic kidney disease, kidney failure, and other renal disorders. Combining patient metadata with computed tomography (CT) images is essential to accurately and timely diagnosing such complications. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have transformed medical fields by providing high accuracy in complex tasks. However, the high computational cost of these models is a significant challenge, particularly in real-time applications. This paper proposed SpinalZFNet, a hybrid deep learning approach that integrates the architectural strengths of Spinal Network (SpinalNet) with the feature extraction capabilities of Zeiler and Fergus Network (ZFNet) to classify kidney disease accurately using CT images. This unique combination enhanced feature analysis, significantly improving classification accuracy while reducing the computational overhead. At first, the acquired CT images are pre-processed using a median filter, and the pre-processed image is segmented using Efficient Neural Network (ENet). Later, the images are augmented, and different features are extracted from the augmented CT images. The extracted features finally classify the kidney disease into normal, tumor, cyst, and stone using the proposed SpinalZFNet model. The SpinalZFNet outperformed other models, with 99.9% sensitivity, 99.5% specificity, precision 99.6%, 99.8% accuracy, and 99.7% F1-Score in classifying kidney disease.
Graphical Abstract