bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiota diversity and stability of the preterm neonatal ileum and colon of two infants
Authors: Barrett Eoin , Guinane Caitriona M. , Ryan C. Anthony , Dempsey Eugene M. , Murphy Brendan P. , O'Toole Paul W. , Fitzgerald Gerald F. , Cotter Paul D. , Ross R. Paul , Stanton Catherine 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe composition of the microbiota associated with the human ileum and colon in the early weeks of life of two preterm infants was examined, with particular emphasis on the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium members. Culturing work showed that bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the ileostomy changed over time, compared with the colostomy effluent where there was far less variation. The colostomy infant was dominated by two phyla, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, while in the ileostomy samples, Proteobacteria emerged at the expense of Actinobacteria. Bacteroidetes were only detected following the reversal of the ileostomy in the final fecal sample and were not detected in any colonic fluid samples. Clostridia levels were unstable in the colostomy fluid, suggesting that the ileostomy/colostomy itself influenced the gut microbiota, in particular the strict anaerobes. Pyrosequencing analysis of microbiota composition indicated that bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are among the dominant genera in both the ileal and colonic fluids. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli levels were unstable in the ileostomy fluid, with large reductions in numbers and relative proportions of both observed. These decreases were characterized by an increase in proportions of Streptococcus and Enterobacteriaceae. Clostridium was detected only in the colonic effluent, with large changes in the relative proportions over time.
From metadata to ontology representation: A case of converting severe weather forecast metadata to an ontology
Authors: Chen Miao , Plale Beth 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWith the increasing amount of data generated in geoscience research, it becomes critical to describe data sets in meaningful ways. A large number of described data sets are described using XML metadata, which has proved a useful means of expressing data characteristics. An ontological representation is another way of representing data sets with the benefit of providing rich semantics, convenient linkage to other data sets, and good interoperability with other data. This study represents geoscience data sets as an ontology based on an existing metadata description and on the nature of the data set. It takes the case of Vortex2 data, a regional weather forecast data set collected in Summer 2010, to showcase how forecast data can be represented in ontology by using the existing metadata information. It supplies another type of representation of the data set with added semantics and potential functionalities compared to the previous metadata representation.
Quality evaluation of health answers in social Q&A: Socio‐emotional support and evaluation criteria
Authors: Worrall Adam , Oh Sanghee , Yi Yong Jeong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe quality of health information shared in the context of social and emotional support is of critical concern, but little is known about the quality of health information in community contexts and about socio‐emotional factors that impact evaluation of the quality of health information. This poster reports on a study of the quality of health answers in social Q&A sites, focusing on the socio‐emotional reactions of and evaluation criteria discussed by three groups of evaluators: librarians, nurses, and site users. Forty participants from each group evaluated 10 answers each drawn from the Health categories of Yahoo! Answers. Results from qualitative analysis of responses to open‐ended questions identified five common expressed emotions: fear or concern, confidence (or lack thereof), surprise, trust, and empathy. Five evaluation criteria and indicators were also identified: sources, subjectivity, style, completeness, and accuracy. Our results illuminate key differences in social and emotional factors across the three groups and the need for appropriate balance in educational efforts for evaluation of and the provision of health information.
The effectiveness of varenicline medication guide for conveying safety information to patients: a REMS assessment survey
Authors: Enger Cheryl , Younus Muhammad , Petronis Kenneth R. , Mo Jingping , Gately Robert , Seeger John D. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeRisk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) include various mechanisms to enhance safe use of medications, including a patient medication guide (MG) that provides key information regarding the potential risks associated with the medication. To evaluate the effectiveness of the varenicline MG as a REMS tool for educating patients, we undertook a survey among patients who were dispensed varenicline.MethodsVarenicline recipients within the Optum Research Database, a large U.S. administrative claims database, were invited to participate in a self‐administered survey. Survey questions were general (receipt and reading of the MG) and specific regarding patient's understanding of the potential varenicline risks outlined in the MG (neuropsychiatric symptoms, skin reactions, and allergic reactions).ResultsFrom 3568 varenicline recipients invited, 640 (18%) responded, with 633 completing at least one of three risk‐comprehension questions. The majority (93%) indicated receiving the MG, and 86% read all or part of it. Ninety‐one percent, 41%, and 53% correctly answered at least one question on neuropsychiatric symptoms, skin reactions, and allergic reactions, respectively. A higher proportion who read the MG had correct responses to the risk‐comprehension questions than those who did not read it.ConclusionsThe varenicline MG was widely received and read among survey respondents, and the information conveyed was generally well understood regarding potential risk of neuropsychiatric symptoms. This study provides an assessment of the effectiveness of the varenicline MG in communicating information about potential risks associated with varenicline. This assessment method may apply to the evaluation of the effectiveness of other MGs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐dependent analysis of steel‐reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Lu Jia , Wu Jie , Luo Xiaoqun , Zhang Qilin 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe time‐dependent behavior is a major consideration in the design and construction of tall buildings, especially in concrete and composite structural systems. To make an analysis of long‐term effect of steel‐reinforced concrete structures, the method of using master–slave constraint to deduce substructure element model of composite members was introduced, and the problem of co‐work between steel and concrete was solved. The creep calculation method of combined Age‐adjusted Effective Modulus Method (AEMM) and finite element method was adopted. Steel Reinforced Concrete Construction Modeling (SRCCM), a calculation program based on Visual C++ and ObjectARX, was developed for simulating the construction process of high‐rise composite structures. The use of the method is illustrated through one computation example of Shanghai Center Tower, which is a super high‐rise steel‐reinforced concrete structures. The method provides valuable information about time effects that may be used in designing new structures or in diagnosis existing structures. The results also indicate that the vertical shortening of Shanghai Center Tower between column and core‐tube is significant. Such differential length changes should be compensated during the construction process of high‐rise composite structures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonographic Graf type IIa hip needs more consideration in newborn girls
Authors: Õmeroğlu Hakan , Çaylak Remzi , İnan Ulukan , Köse Nusret 
Published: January 2013

Purpose According to hip ultrasonography by Graf's method, the type IIa hip has a certain degree of physiological delay in ossification of the bony acetabular roof. The aim of this case–control study was to evaluate the natural history of the type IIa hip. Methods Four hundred and thirty-one type IIa hips were identified in 312 of 1,690 ultrasonographically screened newborns with a mean age of 27 days. Parents were accurately informed about the prognosis of such a hip condition and invited for ultrasonographic re-examination at 6–7 weeks of age. Results Type IIa hip was more common in newborn girls than in boys ( P < 0.001). Among 431 type IIa hips, 146 (34 %) missed the follow-up examination at 6–7 weeks of age. Among the completely followed 285 hips, 225 (79 %) developed into a normal hip at 6–7 weeks of age. Newborn boys’ hips had a higher rate of spontaneous normalization than girls’ hips at 6–7 weeks of age ( P = 0.006). All but one type IIa(+) hip became type I without any treatment. According to our management protocol, 35 type IIa(−) hips and one type IIa(+) hip, which later became type IIb, underwent treatment. The rate of treatment was higher in newborn girls’ hips than in boys’ hips ( P = 0.019). Conclusions As Graf type IIa hip is more common, has a lower rate of spontaneous normalization and higher rate of treatment in newborn girls than in boys, we recommend paying more attention the type IIa hip in newborn girls. The rate of missing the required follow-up is unacceptably high due to parents’ insensitivity regarding the type IIa hip.
Acetabular retroversion in post slipped capital femoral epiphysis deformity
Authors: Bauer Jeremy P. , Roy Dennis R. , Thomas Susan Sienko 
Published: January 2013

Purpose While the femoral deformity in post slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) hips has been implicated in the development of femoral acetabular impingement, little has been studied about the acetabular side. The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of morphologic changes suggestive of acetabular retroversion in patients who have sustained a SCFE. Methods IRB approval was obtained and the records of patients from 1975 to 2010 were searched for ICD-9 codes for SCFE. A total of 188 patients were identified for the study. Two observers evaluated AP radiographs for evidence of acetabular retroversion as characterized by the presence of either an ischial spine sign or a crossover sign. Demographic data, date of onset, and treatment were recorded. For analysis, the right hip was used in patients with bilateral involvement. Results Of the 188 patients identified, 5 patients had an incorrect diagnosis and 41 patients had missing or inadequate films, leaving 142 patients (284 hips) for review. 57 patients (114 hips) had bilateral SCFE and 85 patients had unilateral SCFE. 79 % ( n = 45) of the right hips with bilateral SCFE and 82 % ( n = 70) of the unilateral involved hips had at least one sign of retroversion. Uninvolved hips had at least one sign of retroversion 76 % ( n = 65) of the time. Conclusions When compared to previously published values for normal patients, patients with SCFE appear to have an increased incidence of acetabular retroversion.
Host-released dimethylsulphide activates the dinoflagellate parasitoid Parvilucifera sinerae
Authors: Garcés Esther , Alacid Elisabet , Reñé Albert , Petrou Katherina , Simó Rafel 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Parasitoids are a major top-down cause of mortality of coastal harmful algae, but the mechanisms and strategies they have evolved to efficiently infect ephemeral blooms are largely unknown. Here, we show that the generalist dinoflagellate parasitoid Parvilucifera sinerae (Perkinsozoa, Alveolata) is activated from dormancy, not only by Alexandrium minutum cells but also by culture filtrates. We unequivocally identified the algal metabolite dimethylsulphide (DMS) as the density-dependent cue of the presence of potential host. This allows the parasitoid to alternate between a sporangium-hosted dormant stage and a chemically-activated, free-living virulent stage. DMS-rich exudates of resistant dinoflagellates also induced parasitoid activation, which we interpret as an example of coevolutionary arms race between parasitoid and host. These results further expand the involvement of dimethylated sulphur compounds in marine chemical ecology, where they have been described as foraging cues and chemoattractants for mammals, turtles, birds, fish, invertebrates and plankton microbes.
Quantifying relative fishing impact on fish populations based on spatio-temporal overlap of fishing effort and stock density
Authors: Vinther Morten , Eero Margit 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Vinther, M., and Eero, M. 2013. Quantifying relative fishing impact on fish populations based on spatio-temporal overlap of fishing effort and stock density. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 618–627. Evaluations of the effects of management measures on fish populations are usually based on the analyses of population dynamics and estimates of fishing mortality from stock assessments. However, this approach may not be applicable in all cases, in particular for data-limited stocks, which may suffer from uncertain catch information and consequently lack reliable estimates of fishing mortality. In this study we develop an approach to obtain proxies for changes in fishing mortality based on effort information and predicted stock distribution. Cod in the Kattegat is used as an example. We use GAM analyses to predict local cod densities and combine this with spatio-temporal data of fishing effort based on VMS (Vessel Monitoring System). To quantify local fishing impact on the stock, retention probability of the gears is taken into account. The results indicate a substantial decline in the impact of the Danish demersal trawl fleet on cod in the Kattegat in recent years, due to a combination of closed areas, introduction of selective gears and changes in overall effort.
First Report of Cowpea mild mottle virus in Cowpea and French Bean in Taiwan
Authors: Chang C. A. , Chien L. Y. , Tsai C. F. , Lin Y. Y. , Cheng Y. H. 
Published: January 2013

In 2009, more than 50% of vine type French beans were found bearing severe viral symptoms in a vegetable garden in Nantou County, Taiwan. Infected plants were stunted and exhibited pronounced mottling symptoms on their leaves. The symptomatic plants were mechanically inoculated on Chenopodium quinoa and local lesions developed 7 to 10 days after inoculation. The virus source established by back isolation the single lesion from C. quinoa on French beans developed symptoms similar to those found in the field. Host range test showed that this isolate could only infect leguminous plants, including soybean, mung bean, pea, peanut, asparagus bean, cowpea, adzuki bean, and lima bean, but not cucurbitaceous and solanaceous plants. Since only Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has been reported in Taiwan to induce similar symptoms in French beans, we tested both the field collected and inoculated French beans by CMV antiserum in ELISA but obtained a negative result. Due to subsequent electron microscopy studies that found potyvirus and carlavirus like particles in the leaf dips of infected French beans, we conducted reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using generic degenerate primers for potyviruses (Hrp5/Pot1 (2) and PotZ/Pot1 (3)) and carlaviruses (Decarla-u2 (5′-TGCACTGARTCMGAYTATGARGCYTT-3′ and Decarla-d1 (5′-GCACATRTCRTCVCCDGCAAA-3′) previously designed in our lab. No amplification was found from the potyvirus primers, while the carlavirus one gave an expected amplicon of 285 bp, which was found sharing 81% nucleotide sequence identity with the replicase gene of Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV) (GenBank Accession No. FJ560903). A primer pair (CpMMV-CPu: 5′-TTTACTCTTAggTWATggAgTC-3′ and CpMMV-CPd: 5′-CCTATTAAAACACACAAHTCAAA-3′) was thus designed to amplify the complete coat protein (CP) gene based on the reported CP sequences and obtained an expected 867-bp product from our French bean isolate. This 867-bp sequence (JX020701) was confirmed to have 97.6% amino acid sequence identities with the CP gene of a Puerto Rican CpMMV isolate (GU191840). In a separate survey, another isolate from asparagus bean (CpMMV-V) causing mild mottling symptom was obtained. Analyses of the CP gene of CpMMV-V (JX070669) confirmed that it shared 88.8% and 97.8% of nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities with the French bean isolate, respectively. Different from most carlaviruses with aphid transmissibility, CpMMV has been shown to be transmitted non-persistently by whiteflies (1). Both CpMMV isolates from Taiwan were confirmed to be transmitted by silver leaf whiteflies (Bemicia argentifolii Bellows and Perring). This is the first record of whitefly transmissible legume virus in Taiwan. Since whitefly has been a problem in agriculture worldwide, CpMMV can be a new emerging threat for Taiwan's legume crop production. References: (1) M. Iwaki et al. Plant Dis. 66:365, 1982. (2) S. S. Pappu et al. J. Virol. Methods 41:9, 1993. (3) F. M. Zerbini et al. Phytopathology 85:746.
FEATURES AND SURGICAL OUTCOME OF RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE
Authors: Ozeki-Jingami Yoko , Ooto Sotaro , Hangai Masanori , Tsujikawa Akitaka , Yoshimura Nagahisa 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:
In this study, the authors aimed to investigate structural abnormalities in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and study the surgical outcomes in eyes with such alterations by comparing ultrastructure findings of the surgically excised epiretinal membrane (ERM) and inner limiting membrane (ILM) in patients with idiopathic ERM.

Methods and Patients:
Vitreous surgery was performed on four eyes with idiopathic ERM, of which three had columnar alterations of the nerve fiber layer. The ERM and ILM were dissected and removed, and ultrathin sections were analyzed and imaged completely by using electron microscopy. All the patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, including SD-OCT, fundus-monitoring microperimetry, and red-free scanning laser ophthalmoscopic imaging.

Results:
Preoperatively, SD-OCT revealed the presence of columnar structures only in the RNFL. Transmission electron microscopy showed that all samples contained retinal cell debris on the outer surface of the ILM. However, adhesion of retinal nerve fibers on the outer surface of the ILM was not observed in any specimen. The columnar alterations in the RNFL observed via SD-OCT resolved completely within 1 month in all eyes. At 6 months after surgery, no eyes showed scotoma on microperimetry. Further, no dissociated nerve fiber layer appearance was identified.

Conclusion:
Vitrectomy with ILM peeling can be safely performed for ERMs with RNFL alterations, detected preoperatively by SD-OCT, without any structural or functional disturbances. The columnar alterations of the RNFL on SD-OCT may be inner retinoschisis.
Printed circuit board technologies for thermal management
Authors: Burr William , Pearne Nick , Stern Francesca 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to a provide short introductory overview of metal in board (MiB) circuit technologies for use in thermal management applications.Design/methodology/approachThe paper details the types of metal in printed circuit boards (PCBs) that are possible and the mix of key features each exhibits. These combinations offer a mix of capabilities in thermal management, current conduction, interconnect density, material usage and cost that can be chosen to suit a specific application. Examples of these board types and their uses are considered.FindingsMetal core and insulated metal substrate (IMS) PCBs are categories of PCB technologies which provide enhanced thermal management and current carrying capability. MiB technologies are based on conventional printed circuit materials and processes. This gives MiB a range of thermal and current handling characteristics which are particularly suited to a number of key existing and emerging applications.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research and development in materials, processes and designs will help broaden the applicability of these types of boards, enabling them to encompass even more thermal management applications.Originality/valueThe paper shows that with 15 different types of metal core and metal backed PCB technologies available to handle thermal dissipation in power electronics, there is one to suit almost every application. This current and emerging portfolio of MiB types offers solutions which can handle thermal loads associated with power densities from about 0.25 W/cm2 to 10‐15 W/cm2 and currents from 20 A up to approximately 1000 A.
Ecological and demographic correlates of helping behaviour in a cooperatively breeding bird
Authors: Hatchwell Ben J. , Sharp Stuart P. , Beckerman Andrew P. , Meade Jessica 
Published: January 2013

Summary

The evolution of cooperation is a persistent problem for evolutionary biologists. In particular, understanding of the factors that promote the expression of helping behaviour in cooperatively breeding species remains weak, presumably because of the diverse nature of ecological and demographic drivers that promote sociality.

In this study, we use data from a long‐term study of a facultative cooperative breeder, the long‐tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus, to investigate the factors influencing annual variation in helping behaviour. Long‐tailed tits exhibit redirected helping in which failed breeders may become helpers, usually at a relative's nest; thus, helping is hypothesised to be associated with causes of nest failure and opportunities to renest or help.

We tested predictions regarding the relationship between annual measures of cooperative behaviour and four explanatory variables: nest predation rate, length of the breeding season, population‐level relatedness and population density.

We found that the degree of helping was determined principally by two factors that constrain successful independent reproduction. First, as predicted, cooperative behaviour peaked at intermediate levels of nest predation, when there are both failed breeders (i.e. potential helpers) and active nests (i.e. potential recipients) available. Second, there were more helpers in shorter breeding seasons when opportunities for renesting by failed breeders are more limited.

These are novel drivers of helping behaviour in avian cooperative breeding systems, and this study illustrates the difficulty of identifying common ecological or demographic factors underlying the evolution of such systems.