bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress of waste management in achieving UK’s net-zero goal
Authors: Zandieh Zeinab , Thornley Patricia , Chong Katie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions strategy aims to avoid emissions from all economic sectors by 2050. Although the reduction of GHGs has been considered an urgent issue in all industrial divisions, there are still gaps in climate change mitigation strategies and policies in other sectors, such as waste, accounting for 3–5% of GHG emissions generation which are emitted from landfills, waste transport, waste treatment processes, and incinerators (Clark et al. in Nat Clim Chang 6:360–369, 2016; Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai AP, Connors C P, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R., and Matthews TKM, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds) (2021) Climate Change 2021: the physical science basis. editor, contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;). Waste management is a worldwide issue related to the circular economy. The share of the waste sector in the UK for GHG emissions generation is 3.7% in 2021, and landfills are responsible for 70% of the emissions (Rogelj et al. in Nat Clim Chang 591:365–368, 2021). Therefore, a new approach to waste management and disposal strategies is crucial. This paper reviews the key elements and challenges involved in waste management systems, specifically in the UK, including policy and legislation, infrastructure, and technological advancements. The review offers a clear summary of the application of circularity waste management strategies, focusing on the UK’s goal to achieve the net-zero target. This review found that to reach the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and 2050 net-zero goals, the existing waste management hierarchy is no longer appropriate for the global and national setting. The metrics in waste management in the context of the circular economy should be aligned with the optimization of using resources, waste minimization, and increasing product life cycle by considering environmental impacts. Therefore, the circular model can be deployed instead of the hierarchy concepts.
Graphical abstract
Novel recycling technologies and safety aspects of lithium ion batteries for electric vehicles
Authors: Pigłowska Marita , Kurc Beata , Fuć Paweł , Szymlet Natalia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe prevalent use of lithium-ion cells in electric vehicles poses challenges as these cells rely on rare metals, their acquisition being environmentally unsafe and complex. The disposal of used batteries, if mishandled, poses a significant threat, potentially leading to ecological disasters. Managing used batteries is imperative, necessitating a viable solution. The remedy lies in implementing robust battery recycling systems. This paper explores diverse disposal methods, particularly focusing on their relevance within the automotive industry, while also acknowledging other potential applications. By adopting a closed-loop approach, this system not only addresses the waste issue but also circumvents environmental costs linked to the extraction and production of new raw materials. Consequently, it not only resolves waste concerns but also mitigates environmental strain and conserves resources. It was described the use of used batteries as energy storage devices. This is an innovative approach to extend battery life cycle, reduce waste and provide cost-effective energy storage solutions. This practice is particularly important for large-scale energy storage systems, such as those used in conjunction with renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy. The work pays significant attention to battery thermal regimes, which refer to the various temperature conditions in which batteries operate. These systems significantly impact battery performance, lifespan, safety and efficiency. Understanding and managing these thermal regimes is critical to optimizing the use of batteries in a variety of applications, including electric vehicles, portable electronics and renewable energy storage.
Graphical Abstract
Summary of the National Cancer Institute 2023 Virtual Workshop on Medical Image De-identification—Part 1: Report of the MIDI Task Group - Best Practices and Recommendations, Tools for Conventional Approaches to De-identification, International Approaches to De-identification, and Industry Panel on Image De-identification
Authors: Clunie David , Prior Fred , Rutherford Michael , Moore Stephen , Parker William , Kondylakis Haridimos , Ludwigs Christian , Klenk Juergen , Lou Bob , O’Sullivan Lawrence , Marcus Dan , Dobes Jiri , Gutman Abraham , Farahani Keyvan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
De-identification of medical images intended for research is a core requirement for data-sharing initiatives, particularly as the demand for data for artificial intelligence (AI) applications grows. The Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology (CBIIT) of the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened a virtual workshop with the intent of summarizing the state of the art in de-identification technology and processes and exploring interesting aspects of the subject. This paper summarizes the highlights of the first day of the workshop, the recordings, and presentations of which are publicly available for review. The topics covered included the report of the Medical Image De-Identification Initiative (MIDI) Task Group on best practices and recommendations, tools for conventional approaches to de-identification, international approaches to de-identification, and an industry panel.
TRAF6 promotes spinal microglial M1 polarization to aggravate neuropathic pain by activating the c-JUN/NF-kB signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Yu , Li Tiegang , Zhang Lichun , Yang Jun , Zhao Feng , Wang Yu , Ouyang Yi , Liu Jiahui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The neuropathic pain with complex networks of neuroinflammatory activation severely limits clinical therapeutic research. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is associated with multiple inflammatory diseases. However, there remains confusion about the effects and mechanisms of TRAF6 in neuropathic pain.

Methods
A chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was developed to simulate neuralgia in vivo. We overexpressed or knocked down TRAF6 in CCI mice, respectively. Activation of microglia by TRAF6, the inflammatory response, and disease progression were inspected using WB, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and ELISA assays. Moreover, the mechanism of M1/M2 polarization activation of microglia by TRAF6 was elaborated in BV-2 cells.

Results
TRAF6 was enhanced in the spinal neurons and microglia of the CCI mice model compared with the sham operation group.. Down-regulation of TRAF6 rescued the expression of Iba-1. In response to mechanical and thermal stimulation, PWT and PWL were improved after the knockdown of TRAF6. Decreased levels of pro-inflammatory factors were observed in TRAF6 knockdown groups. Meanwhile, increased microglial M1 markers induced by CCI were limited in mice with TRAF6 knockdown. In addition, TRAF6 overexpression has the precise opposite effect on CCI mice or microglia polarization. We also identifed that TRAF6 activated the c-JUN/NF-kB pathway signaling; the inhibitor of c-JUN/NF-kB could effectively alleviate the neuropathic pain induced by upregulated TRAF6 in the CCI mice model.

Conclusion
In summary, this study indicated that TRAF6 was concerned with neuropathic pain, and targeting the TRAF6/c-JUN/NF-kB pathway may be a prospective target for treating neuropathic pain.

Graphical Abstract
Electro-generating Cu2+ ions based on electrochemically modified CPE for the determination of malathion pesticide using valid SW-ASV method
Authors: Moharram Youssef Ibrahim , El-Hallag Ibrahim Shibl , Selim Sameh Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work investigates the validation of the SW-ASV method for the determination of malathion organophosphorus pesticide based on an electrochemically modified (CPE) carbon paste electrode with copper metal. The surface of the modified CPE was constructed by electrodepositing the copper layer at the accumulation step in 1-mM CuSO4.5H2O, PBS at pH 6.6, E accumulation: − 0.8 V, and Taccumulation 240 s. The determining step was performed by adding different concentrations of malathion pesticide and applying the potential toward more positive potential at (− 0.8–+ 1.4 V) to enhance the oxidation of Cu0 metal. It was noticed that the malathion concentration gradient enhances the oxidation peak current of copper at + 0.03 V gradually. SW-ASV method validation was performed at a linearity range confined in (1–10 µM). An analytical curve was constructed and R2 was equal to 0.99995 with good fitted linear relationship. LOD and LOQ were calculated to be 0.0247 and 0.08236 µM, respectively. ANOVA for two sets of measurements using the standard gas chromatographic method and the suggested SW-ASV method was demonstrated via the calculations of F-value and t-value. F and t-values were calculated to be 1.698 and 0.289, respectively, which did not exceed the tabulated F and t-values resulting in the great similarity of results and ensuring the reliability of the suggested test method. This valid SW-ASV method was used to perform the routine analysis of the 95% technical grade and the pesticide formulation 57% emulsion concentrate of the malathion. Valid results were achieved with satisfactory limits of accuracy and precision.
Graphical abstract
Improving change of direction in male football players through plyometric training: a systematic review
Authors: Jimenez-Iglesias Jose , Owen Adam L. , Cruz-Leon Carolina , Campos-Vázquez Miguel Angel , Sanchez-Parente Sandra , Gonzalo-Skok Oliver , Cuenca-Garcia Magdalena , Castro-Piñero Jose 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
High-intensity actions have gained increasing significance in contemporary football. Among these actions, the spotlight shines on the enhancement of change of direction (COD) speed. Several training methods have been employed to elevate this skill in football players, with plyometric training (PT) being one of the viable approaches. The objective of this review is to identify the diverse variables crucial for implementing an optimal PT regimen aimed at enhancing COD speed in football players.

Design
A systematic examination was conducted involving previously published original experimental studies featuring control groups, the utilization of PT as a training modality, and the evaluation of one or multiple instances of COD in football players.

Method
A systematic search was conducted on March 13, 2023, encompassing the MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. The quest was aimed at locating studies that incorporated control groups, adopted PT as a training methodology, and measured one or multiple COD scenarios, with studies being published in either English or Spanish.

Results
A total of 34 studies were encompassed in this systematic review. Remarkably, with the exception of one, all the studies exhibited enhancements in COD performance through qualitative assessments when employing PT. It appears that PT, when used in isolation, is not outperformed by PT combined with another training method in the context of enhancing COD speed, provided that the overall training load remains unchanged.

Conclusion
To improve COD speed in football players, a PT program spanning 6–9 weeks, featuring two weekly sessions with a 48 to 72-h rest interval between sessions, is advisable. The program should include 1–6 exercises that incorporate both unilateral and bilateral executions across various planes, performed at maximum intensity. Additionally, rest intervals between sets should range from 60 to 90 s, and the number of contacts should be increased by 60–200.
Boosting working memory in the elderly: driving prefrontal theta–gamma coupling via repeated neuromodulation
Authors: Diedrich Lukas , Kolhoff Hannah I. , Bergmann Clara , Bähr Mathias , Antal Andrea 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe escalating global burden of age-related neurodegenerative diseases and associated healthcare costs necessitates innovative interventions to stabilize or enhance cognitive functions. Deficits in working memory (WM) are linked to alterations in prefrontal theta–gamma cross-frequency coupling. Low-intensity transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has emerged as a non-invasive, low-cost approach capable of modulating ongoing oscillations in targeted brain areas through entrainment. This study investigates the impact of multi-session peak-coupled theta–gamma cross-frequency tACS administered to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on WM performance in older adults. In a randomized, sham-controlled, triple-blinded design, 77 participants underwent 16 stimulation sessions over six weeks while performing n-back tasks. Signal detection measures revealed increased 2-back sensitivity and robust modulations of response bias, indicating improved WM and decision-making adaptations, respectively. No effects were observed in the 1-back condition, emphasizing dependencies on cognitive load. Repeated tACS reinforces behavioral changes, indicated by increasing effect sizes. This study supports prior research correlating prefrontal theta–gamma coupling with WM processes and provides unique insights into the neurocognitive benefits of repeated tACS intervention. The well-tolerated and highly effective multi-session tACS intervention among the elderly underscores its therapeutic potential in vulnerable populations.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Unrooted 3-Leaf Trees: An Analytic Solution for the CFN Model
Authors: Hill Max , Roch Sebastien , Rodriguez Jose Israel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMaximum likelihood estimation is among the most widely-used methods for inferring phylogenetic trees from sequence data. This paper solves the problem of computing solutions to the maximum likelihood problem for 3-leaf trees under the 2-state symmetric mutation model (CFN model). Our main result is a closed-form solution to the maximum likelihood problem for unrooted 3-leaf trees, given generic data; this result characterizes all of the ways that a maximum likelihood estimate can fail to exist for generic data and provides theoretical validation for predictions made in Parks and Goldman (Syst Biol 63(5):798–811, 2014). Our proof makes use of both classical tools for studying group-based phylogenetic models such as Hadamard conjugation and reparameterization in terms of Fourier coordinates, as well as more recent results concerning the semi-algebraic constraints of the CFN model. To be able to put these into practice, we also give a complete characterization to test genericity.
Board gender diversity and cash holding: the effect of family ties
Authors: Fleitas-Castillo Gema del C. , Pérez-Alemán Jerónimo , Santana-Martín Domingo Javier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUsing a sample of 630 firm-year observations of non-financial Spanish listed companies for the period 2004–2020, this study examines linkages of family and non-family female directors and cash holding. We show that family and non-family female directors affect cash holdings differently. When the presence of family female directors is scarce, their role is eclipsed, thereby encouraging actions related to family goals and increasing cash holdings. However, when the presence of family female directors reaches a critical mass, the cohesion between the interests of the dominant family and external investors increases, thereby reducing the level of cash holdings. When the number of non-family female directors is low, the cash level of family firms is reduced, suggesting that non-family female directors encourage the family firm’s cash reduction as a result of their greater capacity to control and their orientation towards an effective corporate governance system. This cash-decreasing effect will occur even if the number of non-family female directors is low, since the purpose of appointing non-family female directors is less likely to be symbolic. In addition, non-family female directors are concerned about threats to reputational capital, such that reducing cash holdings would promote their reputation as credible supervisors, protect their current appointments, and also boost the likelihood of future appointments. However, the presence of a critical mass of non-family female directors becomes a sufficiently powerful instrument of control and legitimation for external investors, allowing for increased cash levels without increasing agency conflicts.
Assessment of Elemental Deficiency of Crossbred Dairy Cows and Mineral Composition in Natural Feed and Nutritional Supplements in the Northern and Northwestern Provinces in Sri Lanka
Authors: Clarkson Joseph W. , Ward Neil I. , Prada Joaquín M. , Tisdall David , Felipe-Sotelo Mónica , Vidanarachchi J. K. , Christian Mike , Chambers Mark Andrew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study assessed the elemental status of cross-bred dairy cows in small holder farms in Sri Lanka, with the aim to establish the elemental baseline and identify possible deficiencies. For this purpose, 458 milk, hair, serum and whole blood samples were collected from 120 cows in four regions of Northern and Northwestern Sri Lanka, (namely Vavaniya, Mannar, Jaffna and Kurunegala). Farmers also provided a total of 257 samples of feed, which included local fodder as well as 79 supplement materials. The concentrations of As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Evaluation of the data revealed that all cows in this study could be considered deficient in I and Co (18.6–78.5 µg L−1 I and 0.06–0.65 µg L−1 Co, in blood serum) when compared with deficiency upper boundary levels of 0.70 µg L−1 Co and 50 µg L−1 I. Poor correlations were found between the composition of milk or blood with hair, which suggests that hair is not a good indicator of mineral status. Most local fodders meet dietary requirements, with Sarana grass offering the greatest nutritional profile. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess differences in the elemental composition of the diverse types of feed, as well as regional variability, revealing clear differences between forage, concentrates and nutritional supplements, with the latter showing higher concentrations of non-essential or even toxic elements, such as Cd and Pb.
Sustainable Cationic Cotton with Keratin Hydrolysate
Authors: Bulut Meliha Oktav , Akçalı Kadri 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this research work, the keratin hydrolysate was obtained from waste wool by using alkaline hydrolysis. The extracted keratin hydrolysate was treated to the cotton fabric, and then reference and treated fabrics dyed with direct dyestuffs in neutral medium without salt. It was revealed that there was improvement in treated fabric in terms of dyeability and dry crease recovery angle compared to untreated fabric and that wet fastness values and tensile strength values of treated fabric remained same compared to those of untreated fabric. The structural change of treated surfaces was confirmed by SEM, FTIR, XPS and TEM analyses.
Process window and mechanical properties for thin magnesium- and zinc-wires in dieless wire drawing
Authors: Braatz Merle , Bohlen Jan , Ben Khalifa Noomane 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to their biodegradable properties, magnesium- and zinc-based alloys are in the focus of interest for numerous medical applications, e.g. in the form of thin wires. To achieve improved processability by using hot forming and to obtain higher diameter reductions per pass, the dieless wire drawing process is presented in this paper. In order to investigate the processability and the resulting mechanical properties, a selection of magnesium- and zinc-alloys as well as process parameters are chosen, and wire manufacturing is carried out using the dieless drawing process. The resulting process windows and mechanical properties for the selected materials are discussed. It is found that the length of the forming zone is an important indicator for the process window and the cross-sectional area reduction accuracy in the dieless wire drawing process. Furthermore, process parameter variations result in a distinct variation of the mechanical properties of the wires, whereas process temperatures close to the wire extrusion temperature result in mechanical properties similar to the as-extruded wires. Good localization of the deformation is found for forming zones of 25–75 mm length at elevated temperatures and cross-sectional area reductions of up to 30% are possible for Z1 and ZX10 in one drawing step.
Graphical Abstract
Moving beyond the rhetoric: integrating coding into the English curriculum in Australian primary schools
Authors: Woo Karen , Falloon Garry 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Coding and computational thinking are being hailed as the new literacy for the twenty-first century, and have become increasingly common in schools world-wide. At the same time, the sector is facing a global shortage of technology teachers, and technology lessons are frequently being delivered by non-specialist teachers. Therefore, some have suggested integrating coding into other curricula as a practical solution for non-specialist teachers to deliver outcomes in both Digital Technologies and their own subject areas, whilst also developing general capabilities. To better understand the benefits and practicality of integrating coding into the English curriculum, we present a detailed case study of an Australian Year 5/6 classroom where students engaged in learning units integrating both Digital Technologies and English curriculum outcomes. We explored the nature of students’ interdisciplinary learning and general capabilities development through two learning units in which they coded animated narratives (CANs). We also built understanding of how non-specialist teachers in regular classrooms can develop the necessary technological, pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) to facilitate cross-curricular learning involving coding, and at the same time, promote general curriculum capabilities. Findings challenge the commonly held assumption that integrating coding can be a universal solution to specialist staff shortages and an overcrowded curriculum, and reveal the challenges faced by non-specialist teachers and school organisations that need to be overcome for successful implementation. However, they also indicate that when these challenges are met, integrated approaches can result in interdisciplinary learning, high levels of student engagement, and provide effective environments for general capability development.