bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonic implications of fluvial incision and pediment deformation at the northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau based on multiple cosmogenic nuclides
Authors: Yildirim Cengiz , Schildgen Taylor F. , Echtler Helmut , Melnick Daniel , Bookhagen Bodo , Çiner Attila , Niedermann Samuel , Merchel Silke , Martschini Martin , Steier Peter , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe document Quaternary fluvial incision driven by fault‐controlled surface deformation in the inverted intermontane Gök𝚤rmak Basin in the Central Pontide mountains along the northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau. In‐situ‐produced 10Be, 21Ne, and 36Cl concentrations from gravel‐covered fluvial terraces and pediment surfaces along the trunk stream of the basin (the Gök𝚤rmak River) yield model exposure ages ranging from 7 ± 1 ka to 346 ± 45 ka and average fluvial incision rates over the past ~350 ka of 0.28 ± 0.01 mm a‐1. Similarities between river incision rates and coastal uplift rates at the Black Sea coast suggest that regional uplift is responsible for the river incision. Model exposure ages of deformed pediment surfaces along tributaries of the trunk stream range from 60 ± 5 ka to 110 ± 10 ka, demonstrating that the thrust faults responsible for pediment deformation were active after those times and were likely active earlier as well as explaining the topographic relief of the region. Together, our data demonstrate cumulative incision that is linked to active internal shortening and uplift of ~0.3 mm a‐1 in the Central Pontide orogenic wedge, which may ultimately contribute to the lateral growth of the northern Anatolian Plateau.
The Late Jurassic to present evolution of the Andean margin: Drivers and the geological record
Authors: Maloney Kayla T. , Clarke Geoffrey L. , Klepeis Keith A. , Quevedo Leonardo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUncommonly long‐lived subduction and variable plate geometry along the South American Andean Plate margin resulted in diverse relationships between magmatic flux and extensional and contractional deformation, as recorded by the overriding continental plate. Convergence velocities, absolute overriding plate velocities, and subducting slab ages were resolved along the trench from 170 Ma to the present using a recently developed kinematic global plate model to identify any relationship between subduction conditions, deformation style, and magmatic features in the overriding plate. Key correlations reflect the dependence of macroscopic crustal strain style on subduction mechanism and relative plate vectors. Extensional back‐arc basins involving mafic/oceanic crust developed only when the overriding plate velocity of South America was directed away from the trench and the modeled age of the subducting slab was older than 50 Myr. The development of fold and thrust belts, and uplift of major plateaus, was accompanied by trench normal convergence velocities in excess of 4 cm/yr. Parameters investigated in this study revealed no correlation with the timing of major magmatic events, nor was any correlation observed with the structural style of fold and thrust belts.
LA GESTIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO EN LA INDUSTRIA UTOMOVILÍSTICA
Authors: Rivas Tovar Luis Arturo , Flores Muro Brenda 
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this article is to present a brief outline of the history of knowledge management in the automobile industry on an international level. It provides a description of significant management experiences, including among others: the transformacion of implied into express knowledge (Honda), sosialization of knowledge books (Daimler Chysler)learning alliance (GM), collective learning (Irizar in Spain), and the intelligent agent’ system (Volvo). It ends with a discussion of the challeges faced by the automobile industry in Mexico with regad to nthe management of knowledge asssociated with its new free trade policy.
USO DEL INDICADOR DEL RETORNO TOTAL DEL NEGOCIO COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA OPTIMIZAR LA INVERSIÓN EN UNIDADES DE NEGOCIO EN CONDICIONES DE INCERTIDUMBRE
Authors: Herrera Echeverri Hernán 
Published: August 2013

In this article we analyze the significance of the TBR (Total Business return) as a measure of corporate strategy business units rate return. We mention the weakness of the TBR and the cases when is possible accept TBR as a value creating measure. We explain the equivalence between TBR and WACC (weight average capital cost) when is calculating trough discounting forecast cash flows and the equivalence between the CAV (additional creation value) and the subtraction between the real economic income less expected economic income. Also, we show the equality between the CAV and the variation of operations value (real operations value less expected operation value) plus the variation of current cash flow (real current cash flow less expected current cash flow). Later, we do an application to show the use of TBR and the modern portfolio theory for return-risk relation control when the CEO must manage many strategy business units in a corporation.
LA COLONIZACIÓN ANTIOQUEÑA, EL EMPRENDIMIENTO Y SU APORTE A LA COMPETITIVIDAD REGIONAL Y NACIONAL
Authors: Sanclemente Téllez Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2013

This article is aimed at analyzing certain typical features of people from Antioquia, Colombia, in what has been called the "Antioquian colonization”. This analysis is done using the historical method, placing these characteristics in interaction with contemporary competitive factors and raising critical approaches in terms of their uniqueness and distinction as a cultural group in this country. It provides reference to various contemporary indicators of national competitiveness and describes how entrepreneurship is viewed. Finally, it points out the absence of certain elements in the performance of regional entrepreneurs in addressing current economic challenges. Therefore, a suggestion is made to rescue it, stressing in this process the role of education and interaction of stakeholders involved in the issue of competitiveness.
Unsteady three-dimensional sources in deep water with an elastic cover and their applications
Authors: Sturova Izolda V. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe velocity potential is derived for a transient source of arbitrary strength undergoing arbitrary three-dimensional motion. The initially quiescent fluid of infinite depth is assumed to be inviscid, incompressible and homogeneous. The upper surface of the fluid is covered by a thin layer of elastic material of uniform density with lateral stress. The linearized initial boundary-value problem is formulated within the framework of the potential-flow theory, and the Laplace transform technique is employed to obtain the solution. The potential of a time-harmonic source with forward speed is obtained as a particular case. The far-field wave motion at long time is determined via the method of stationary phase. The problems of radiation (surge, sway and heave) of the flexural–gravity waves by a submerged sphere advancing at constant forward speed are investigated. The method of multipole expansions is used. Numerical results are obtained for the wave-making resistance and lift, added-mass and damping coefficients. The effects of an ice sheet and broken ice on the hydrodynamic loads are discussed in detail.
Falkner–Skan boundary layer approximation in Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Shishkina Olga , Horn Susanne , Wagner Sebastian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTo approximate the velocity and temperature within the boundary layers in turbulent thermal convection at moderate Rayleigh numbers, we consider the Falkner–Skan ansatz, which is a generalization of the Prandtl–Blasius one to a non-zero-pressure-gradient case. This ansatz takes into account the influence of the angle of attack $\beta $ of the large-scale circulation of a fluid inside a convection cell against the heated/cooled horizontal plate. With respect to turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection, we derive several theoretical estimates, among them the limiting cases of the temperature profiles for all angles $\beta $, for infinite and for infinitesimal Prandtl numbers $\mathit{Pr}$. Dependences on $\mathit{Pr}$ and $\beta $ of the ratio of the thermal to viscous boundary layers are obtained from the numerical solutions of the boundary layers equations. For particular cases of $\beta $, accurate approximations are developed as functions on $\mathit{Pr}$. The theoretical results are corroborated by our direct numerical simulations for $\mathit{Pr}= 0. 786$ (air) and $\mathit{Pr}= 4. 38$ (water). The angle of attack $\beta $ is estimated based on the information on the locations within the plane of the large-scale circulation where the time-averaged wall shear stress vanishes. For the fluids considered it is found that $\beta \approx 0. 7\mathrm{\pi} $ and the theoretical predictions based on the Falkner–Skan approximation for this $\beta $ leads to better agreement with the DNS results, compared with the Prandtl–Blasius approximation for $\beta = \mathrm{\pi} $.
Breakdown mechanisms and heat transfer overshoot in hypersonic zero pressure gradient boundary layers
Authors: Franko Kenneth J. , Lele Sanjiva K. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA laminar Mach 6 flat plate boundary layer is perturbed using three different types of disturbances introduced through blowing and suction. The linear and nonlinear development and eventual breakdown to turbulence are investigated using direct numerical simulation. The three different transition mechanisms compared are first mode oblique breakdown, second mode oblique breakdown and second mode fundamental resonance. The focus of the present work is to compare the nonlinear development and breakdown to turbulence for the different transition mechanisms and explain the heat transfer overshoot observed in experiments. First mode oblique breakdown leads to the shortest transition length and a clear peak in wall heat transfer in the transitional region. For all three transition mechanisms, the development of streamwise streaks precedes the breakdown to fully turbulent flow. The modal linear and nonlinear development are analysed including the breakdown of the streaks. The effect of wall cooling is investigated for second mode fundamental resonance and no qualitative differences in the nonlinear processes are observed. Finally, the development towards fully turbulent flow including mean flow, turbulent spectra, and turbulent fluctuations is shown and the first mode oblique breakdown simulation shows the furthest development towards a fully turbulent flow.
The decomposed affiliation exposure model: A network approach to segregating peer influences from crowds and organized sports
Authors: FUJIMOTO KAYO , WANG PENG , VALENTE THOMAS W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSelf-identification with peer crowds (jocks, popular kids, druggies, etc.) has an important influence on adolescent substance use behavior. However, little is known about the impact of the shared nature of crowd identification on different stages of adolescent drinking behavior, or the way crowd identification interacts with participation in school-sponsored sports activities. This study examines drinking influences from (1) peers with shared crowd identities, and (2) peers who jointly participate in organized sports at their school (activity members). This study introduces a new network analytic approach that can disentangle the effects of crowd identification and sports participation on individual behavior. Using survey data from adolescents in five high schools in a predominantly Hispanic/Latino district (N = 1,707), this paper examines the association between social influences and each stage of drinking behavior (intention to drink, lifetime, past-month, and binge drinking) by conducting an ordinal regression analysis. The results show that both shared identities and joint participation were associated with all stages of drinking, controlling for friends' influence. Additionally, shared identification overlapped with joint participation was associated with more frequent drinking. Related policy implications are discussed.
Known Unknowns: Power Shifts, Uncertainty, and War
Authors: Debs Alexandre , Monteiro Nuno P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLarge and rapid power shifts resulting from exogenous economic growth are considered sufficient to cause preventive wars. Yet most large and rapid shifts result from endogenous military investments. We show that when the investment decision is perfectly transparent, peace prevails. Large and rapid power shifts are deterred through the threat of a preventive war. When investments remain undetected, however, states may be tempted to introduce power shifts as a fait accompli. Knowing this, their adversaries may strike preventively even without conclusive evidence of militarization. In fact, the more effective preventive wars are, the more likely they will be launched against states that are not militarizing. Our argument emphasizes the role of imperfect information as a cause of war. It also explains why powerful states may attack weaker targets even with ambiguous evidence of their militarization. We illustrate our theory through an account of the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq.
A Study of three Non-furcocercous Cercariae obtained from Bullinus contortus in the Sudan
Authors: Archibald R. G. , Marshall A. 
Published: July 2013

1. A technique is given for the detailed study of living cercariae in which reference is made to the value of human or horse blood serum as a mounting medium.2. As a fixative agent for cercariae prior to staining the use of hot lacto phenol solution is recommended.3. A description is given of three non-furcocercous cercariae obtained from Bullinus contortus in the Sudan.
Anxious and non-anxious forms of major depression: familial, personality and symptom characteristics
Authors: Goldberg D. P. , Wittchen H.-U. , Zimmermann P. , Pfister H. , Beesdo-Baum K. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundEarlier clinical studies have suggested consistent differences between anxious and non-anxious depression. The aim of this study was to compare parental pathology, personality and symptom characteristics in three groups of probands from the general population: depression with and without generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and with other anxiety disorders. Because patients without GAD may have experienced anxious symptoms for up to 5 months, we also considered GAD with a duration of only 1 month to produce a group of depressions largely unaffected by anxiety.MethodDepressive and anxiety disorders were assessed in a 10-year prospective longitudinal community and family study using the DSM-IV/M-CIDI. Regression analyses were used to reveal associations between these variables and with personality using two durations of GAD: 6 months (GAD-6) and 1 month (GAD-1).ResultsNon-anxious depressives had fewer and less severe depressive symptoms, and higher odds for parents with depression alone, whereas those with anxious depression were associated with higher harm avoidance and had parents with a wider range of disorders, including mania.ConclusionsAnxious depression is a more severe form of depression than the non-anxious form; this is true even when the symptoms required for an anxiety diagnosis are ignored. Patients with non-anxious depression are different from those with anxious depression in terms of illness severity, family pathology and personality. The association between major depression and bipolar disorder is seen only in anxious forms of depression. Improved knowledge on different forms of depression may provide clues to their differential aetiology, and guide research into the types of treatment that are best suited to each form.
Bachelorhood and Sexuality in a Context of Female Shortage: Evidence from a Survey in Rural Anhui, China
Authors: Attané Isabelle , Qunlin Zhang , Shuzhuo Li , Xueyan Yang , Guilmoto Christophe Z. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTraditionally, marriage is a near universality in China. However, in the coming decades, owing to the growing sex imbalance, millions of men will be unable to marry. As a consequence, bachelorhood is becoming a new demographic concern, particularly affecting men from the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups. In China's cultural context today, heterosexual marriage remains a prerequisite for family formation and, in rural society particularly, the legitimate setting for sexual activity. Under such circumstances, bachelorhood is likely to produce privations on various fronts, the consequences of which for both the individual and the community are still largely unknown. This article focuses on the opinions and sexual behaviour of bachelors, and highlights significant variations from those of married men. It is based on the findings of an exploratory survey conducted in 2008 in selected villages in a rural county in Anhui province, referred to here as JC county. The survey provides insights into the more general situation of rural men unable to marry in a context of female shortage, and indicates the conditions a growing number of Chinese men will face in the near future.
Critical assessment of high-circulation print newspaper coverage of the Institute of Medicine report Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D
Authors: Hatfield Daniel P , Sweeney Kathryn P , Lau Joseph , Lichtenstein Alice H 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate high-circulation US and Canadian newspaper coverage of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D and assess pre-report and post-report reporter-specific vitamin D-related coverage.DesignTwo independent reviewers analysed the newspaper articles. The key report findings cited, proportion of sentences describing the IOM report and proportion of sentences describing critical viewpoints on the report were calculated. The content of articles written by reporters with a history of pre-report vitamin D-related articles was compared with that of articles written by reporters without such a history.SettingFactiva and LexisNexis searches of the top thirty US and three English-language Canadian print newspapers, by circulation.SubjectsArticles on the IOM report published from 30 November to 21 December 2010 and previous vitamin D-related articles written by the same reporters.ResultsOnly ten articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Articles inconsistently cited the key findings in the IOM report. Reporters with a history of pre-report articles highlighting the benefits of vitamin D dedicated a greater proportion of sentences to viewpoints critical of the IOM report (P < 0·01). There was no significant difference between pre-report publication history and proportion of sentences focused on the IOM report. A borderline-significant difference (P = 0·058) was observed between pre-report articles highlighting the benefits of vitamin D and the absence of reference to potential risks of vitamin D overconsumption.ConclusionOur findings suggest that newspaper articles did not consistently or comprehensively report the IOM recommendations and that pre-report publication history of reporters was related to post-report article content.
Psychosoziale Problembereiche bei depressiven Mädchen
Authors: Schmidt Ulrike , Läßle Reinhold 
Published: August 2013

Depressionen im Jugendalter sind häufig. Probleme und Belastungen beim Jugendlichen selbst und in seinem Lebensumfeld können die depressive Störung sowohl auslösen als auch in deren Folge noch häufiger auftreten. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Beschreibung von Problembelastungen bei depressiven Jugendlichen. 57 Mädchen, die die DSM-IV Kriterien für eine Major Depression erfüllten, und 60 nicht-depressive Mädchen wurden mit dem Problemfragebogen für Jugendliche untersucht. Depressive Mädchen fühlten sich deutlich mehr problembelastet als die Kontrollgruppe, vor allem in den Problembereichen Schule, Selbstwert und Gesundheit.
Turning WAT into BAT: a review on regulators controlling the browning of white adipocytes
Authors: Lo Kinyui Alice , Sun Lei 
Published: July 2013

Adipose tissue has a central role in the regulation of energy balance and homoeostasis. There are two main types of adipose tissue: WAT (white adipose tissue) and BAT (brown adipose tissue). WAT from certain depots, in response to appropriate stimuli, can undergo a process known as browning where it takes on characteristics of BAT, notably the induction of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) expression and the presence of multilocular lipid droplets and multiple mitochondria. How browning is regulated is an intense topic of investigation as it has the potential to tilt the energy balance from storage to expenditure, a strategy that holds promise to combat the growing epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This review focuses on the transcriptional regulators as well as various proteins and secreted mediators that have been shown to play a role in browning. Emphasis is on describing how many of these factors exert their effects by regulating the three main transcriptional regulators of classical BAT development, namely PRDM16 (PR domain containing 16), PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) and PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α), which have been shown to be the key nodes in the regulation of inducible brown fat.
Device characteristics of InAlSb/InAs and InAlSb/InAsSb HFETs
Authors: Chen P.‐Y. , Gao Z.‐Y. , Ho H.‐C. , Lin H.‐K. , Hsin Y.‐M. , Chyi J.‐I. 
Published: July 2013

The successful fabrication of InAlSb/InAs and InAlSb/InAsSb HFETs using recessed gate technology is reported. Epitaxial growth, device fabrication and characterisation are discussed in this Letter. A comparison of the two kinds of HFETs shows that the use of Sb in the InAs channel layer can effectively reduce the gate leakage resulting from the band‐to‐band tunnelling. This improvement is primarily because of increased separation between the conduction band edge of the InAsSb channel layer and the valence band edge of the InAlSb top barrier layer. An InAlSb/InAsSb HFET with 2 μm gate length and 50 μm gate width shows ID = 596 mA/mm and gm = 1 S/mm.
Miniaturisation of microstrip planar Bagley polygon power divider with dual transmission lines
Authors: Li J. , Liu Y. , Li S. , Yu C. , Wu Y. 
Published: July 2013

The technique of dual transmission lines is applied to replace quarter wave transformers for a compact Bagley polygon power divider. The developed Bagley polygon power divider not only can be easily fabricated on the planar printed circuit board without a lumped element, but also has the characteristics of compact size and wide bandwidth. For verification, a proposed three‐way microstrip power divider is designed and fabricated at 2.0 GHz. Simulated and measured frequency responses both validate the proposed power divider with dual transmission lines. Furthermore, the developed power divider only occupies a 23% circuit size of the conventional one.