bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early screening to identify patients at risk of developing intra‐abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome
Authors: IYER D. , RASTOGI P. , ÅNEMAN A. , D'AMOURS S. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundTo develop a screening tool to identify patients at risk of developing intra‐abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) within 24 h of a patient's admission to intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsProspective, observational study of 403 consecutively enrolled patients with an indwelling catheter, admitted to a mixed medical‐surgical ICU in a tertiary referral, university hospital. Intra‐abdominal pressure was measured at least twice daily and IAH and ACS defined as per consensus definitions.ResultsThirty‐nine per cent of patients developed IAH and 2% developed ACS. Abdominal distension, hemoperitoneum/pneumoperitoneum/intra‐peritoneal fluid collection, obesity, intravenous fluid received > 2.3 l, abbreviated Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score > 4 points and lactate > 1.4 mmol/l were identified as independent predictors of IAH upon admission to ICU. The presence of three or more of these risk factors at admission identified patients that would develop IAH with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 76%, the development of grades II, III and IV IAH with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 62%. Patients that developed IAH required a significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU care. Patients that developed grades II–IV IAH had a significantly higher rate of ICU mortality.ConclusionIAH is a common clinical entity in the intensive care setting that is associated with morbidity and mortality. A screening tool, based on data readily available within a patient's first 24 h in ICU, was developed and effectively identified patients that required intra‐abdominal pressure monitoring.
Patient fear of anesthesia complications according to surgical type: potential impact on informed consent for anesthesia
Authors: BURKLE C. M. , MANN C. E. , STEEGE J. R. , STOKKE J. S. , JACOB A. K. , PASTERNAK J. J. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundPast research has explored patients' expectations about the informed consent process. However, it is currently unknown if the complexity of the surgical procedure influences the type of anesthesia‐related risks that patients wish disclosed. This study explored fears of anesthesia‐related complications and whether these changed based on severity of surgery classification.MethodsPatients presenting to our pre‐operative evaluation clinic from February 2013 to May 2013 were asked to participate in a survey‐based study meant to evaluate their perception of five possible anesthetic risks (peripheral nerve injury, death, nausea and vomiting, heart attack and stroke) when confronted with differing levels of surgical severity.ResultsOne thousand surveys were administered, and 894 were returned for an overall response rate of 89%. Fear of death was the greatest concern as compared to the other risk factors independent of the severity of surgery. The level of fear for all risk factors, with the exception of stroke and heart attack, were dependent on the severity of surgery. Fear of death decreased as the severity of surgery decreased (major 46%, moderate 38%, minor 25%). For major surgery, the fear of perioperative death differed significantly with age (P < 0.001); specifically, with increasing age came a lessened fear of death.ConclusionAwareness by anesthesia providers of those fears that patients report may allow for a more personalized approach to providing information that may better allay anxiety. Further, these results may better tailor the informed consent process to one that meets particular patient concerns.
Historical demographic profiles and genetic variation of the East African Butana and Kenana indigenous dairy zebu cattle
Authors: Salim Bashir , Taha Khalid M. , Hanotte Olivier , Mwacharo Joram M. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryButana and Kenana breeds from Sudan are part of the East African zebu Bos indicus type of cattle. Unlike other indigenous zebu cattle in Africa, they are unique due to their reputation for high milk production and are regarded as dairy cattle, the only ones of their kind on the African continent. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D‐loop of 70 animals to understand the maternal genetic variation, demographic profiles and history of the two breeds in relation to the history of cattle pastoralism on the African continent. Only taurine mtDNA sequences were identified. We found very high mtDNA diversity but low level of maternal genetic structure within and between the two breeds. Bayesian coalescent‐based analysis revealed different historical and demographic profiles for the two breeds, with an earlier population expansion in the Butana vis a vis the Kenana. The maternal ancestral populations of the two breeds may have diverged prior to their introduction into the African continent, with first the arrival of the ancestral Butana population. We also reveal distinct demographic history between the two breeds with the Butana showing a decline in its effective population size (Ne) in the recent past ~590 years. Our results provide new insights on the early history of cattle pastoralism in Sudan indicative of a large ancient effective population size.
Effect of non‐invasive tear stability assessment on tear meniscus height
Authors: Koh Shizuka , Ikeda Chikako , Watanabe Shinya , Oie Yoshinori , Soma Takeshi , Watanabe Hitoshi , Maeda Naoyuki , Nishida Kohji 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of non‐invasive tear stability assessment with forced eye opening on the lower tear meniscus.MethodsTwenty‐three eyes of 23 patients with aqueous‐deficient dry eye and 23 eyes of 23 normal subjects were enrolled. All subjects underwent imaging with a Keratograph 5M equipped with a modified tear film scanning function. Lower tear meniscus images were captured, and tear meniscus height (TMH) was measured with an integrated ruler before and after non‐invasive Keratograph break‐up time (NIKBUT) measurements in each subject. Subjects were instructed to keep their eyes open as long as possible during NIKBUT measurements, and the recording was discontinued at the next blink.ResultsThe TMH values of the normal and dry eye groups were 0.20 ± 0.05 mm and 0.14 ± 0.03 mm, respectively, at baseline. The TMH values of dry eyes were significantly smaller than those of normal eyes (p < 0.001). Significant increases in TMH values were observed in both normal (0.10 ± 0.12 mm) and dry eyes (0.04 ± 0.09 mm) with the NIKBUT measurement (p < 0.001, p = 0.039). A moderate negative correlation was observed between increased TMH and baseline TMH in dry eyes (r = −0.44, p = 0.03), whereas no correlation was observed in normal eyes (r = 0.04, p = 0.85).ConclusionsForced eye opening required for the non‐invasive tear stability assessment influences the TMH measurement possibly due to reflex tear secretion, even in patients with aqueous‐deficient dry eye. TMH should be assessed before tests that require forced eye opening.
Contrast sensitivity and the effect of 60‐hour sleep deprivation
Authors: Koefoed Vilhelm F. , Aßmus Jörg , Gould Kristian S. , Hövding Gunnar , Moen Bente E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeThe study aimed to evaluate the possible influence of prolonged sleep deprivation on achromatic and chromatic (red–green and blue–yellow) contrast sensitivity (CS).MethodsDuring 60‐hr sleep deprivation, CS was measured in 11 naval officers every sixth hour using videographic (Vigra‐C) sine‐wave‐generated stimuli.ResultsWhen comparing the CS measurements obtained in the first and last 24 hr of the study, no statistically significant mean changes of achromatic CS (2.0, 5.9 and 11.8 cpd) or yellow–blue CS (0.6, 2.0 and 4.7 cpd) were found, while a significantly increased mean red–green CS at 2.0 and 4.7 cpd was recorded in the last 24 hr (p = 0.003 in both). The variance of achromatic and chromatic CS measurements in the group did not differ significantly in the first and last 24 hr test periods.ConclusionsProlonged sleep deprivation does apparently not cause clinically or occupationally significant changes of contrast sensitivity in otherwise healthy subjects with normal visual acuity.
Renal cell cancer histological subtype distribution differs by race and sex
Authors: Lipworth Loren , Morgans Alicia K. , Edwards Todd L. , Barocas Daniel A. , Chang Sam S. , Herrell S. Duke , Penson David F. , Resnick Matthew J. , Smith Joseph A. , Clark Peter E. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesTo examine racial differences in the distribution of histological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and associations with established RCC risk factors by subtype.Materials and MethodsTumours from 1532 consecutive patients with RCC who underwent nephrectomy at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (1998–2012) were classified as clear‐cell, papillary, chromophobe and other subtypes. In pairwise comparisons, we used multivariate logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between race, sex, age, end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and body mass index at diagnosis according to histological subtype.ResultsThe RCC subtype distribution was significantly different in black people from that in white people (P < 0.001), with a substantially higher proportion of patients with papillary RCC among black people than white people (35.7 vs 13.8%). In multivariate analyses, compared with clear‐cell RCC, people with papillary RCC were significantly more likely to be black (OR 4.15; 95% CI 2.64–6.52) and less likely to be female (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.43–0.83). People with chromophobe RCC were significantly more likely to be female (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.44–3.74). Both people with papillary RCC (OR 6.26; 95% CI 2.75–14.24) and those with chromophobe RCC (OR 7.07; 95% CI 2.13–23.46) were strongly and significantly more likely to have ESRD, compared with those with clear‐cell RCC.ConclusionWe observed marked racial differences in the proportional subtype distribution of RCCs diagnosed at a large tertiary care academic centre. To our knowledge, no previous study has examined racial differences in the distribution of RCC histologies while adjusting for ESRD, which was the factor most strongly associated with papillary and chromophobe RCC compared with clear‐cell RCC.
ATP release from freshly isolated guinea‐pig bladder urothelial cells: a quantification and study of the mechanisms involved
Authors: McLatchie Linda M. , Fry Christopher H. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesTo quantify the amount of ATP released from freshly isolated bladder urothelial cells, study its control by intracellular and extracellular calcium and identify the pathways responsible for its release.Materials and MethodsUrothelial cells were isolated from male guinea‐pig urinary bladders and stimulated to release ATP by imposition of drag forces by repeated pipetting. ATP was measured using a luciferin‐luciferase assay and the effects of modifying internal and external calcium concentration and blockers of potential release pathways studied.ResultsFreshly isolated guinea‐pig urothelial cells released ATP at a mean (sem) rate of 1.9 (0.1) pmoles/mm2 cell membrane, corresponding to about 700 pmoles/g of tissue, and about half [49 (6)%, n = 9) of the available cell ATP. This release was reduced to a mean (sem) of 0.46 (0.08) pmoles/mm2 (160 pmoles/g) with 1.8 mm external calcium, and was increased about two‐fold by increasing intracellular calcium. The release from umbrella cells was not significantly different from a mixed intermediate and basal cell population, suggesting that all three groups of cells release a similar amount of ATP per unit area. ATP release was reduced by ≈50% by agents that block pannexin and connexin hemichannels. It is suggested that the remainder may involve vesicular release.ConclusionsA significant fraction of cellular ATP is released from isolated urothelial cells by imposing drag forces that cause minimal loss of cell viability. This release involves multiple release pathways, including hemichannels and vesicular release.
Hyperactivation ofBDNF‐TrkB Signaling Cascades in Human Hypothalamic Hamartoma (HH): A Potential Mechanism Contributing to Epileptogenesis
Authors: Semaan Suzan , Wu Jie , Gan Yan , Jin Yu , Li Guo‐Hui , Kerrigan John F. , Chang Yong‐Chang , Huang Yao 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAimsAlthough compelling evidence suggests that human hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is intrinsically epileptogenic for gelastic seizures, the molecular mechanisms responsible for epileptogenesis withinHHremain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that hyperactivation ofBDNF‐TrkB signaling pathways in surgically resectedHHtissue is a possible mechanism for downregulation ofKCC2 expression, which in turn underliesGABA‐mediated excitation withinHH.MethodsActivation of three majorBDNF‐TrkB signaling pathways includingMAPKs, Akt, andPLCγ1 were evaluated in surgically resectedHHtissue (n = 14) versus human hypothalamic control tissue (n = 8) using combined methodologies of biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and electrophysiology.ResultsOur data show that compared with hypothalamic control tissue, inHHtissue, (i) activation of TrkB and expression of matureBDNFare elevated; (ii)MAPKs (includingERK1/2, p38, andJNK), Akt, andPLCγ1 are highly activated; (iii)KCC2 expression is downregulated; and (iv) pharmacological manipulation of TrkB signaling altersHHneuronal firing rate.ConclusionOur findings suggest that multipleBDNF‐TrkB signaling pathways are activated inHH. They act independently or collaboratively to downregulateKCC2 expression, which is the key component forGABA‐mediated excitation associated with gelastic seizures.
The reporting of research ethics committee approval and informed consent in otolaryngology journals
Authors: Murphy S. , Nolan C. , O'Rourke C. , Fenton J.E. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesMedical research involving human subjects must follow ethical standards as outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of reporting of informed consent and regional ethical committee (REC) approval in all reports of trials published in the major European Otolaryngology journals.DesignReview of all clinical research articles published online in the calendar year 2012.SettingThree leading European Otolaryngology journals.ParticipantsClinical Otolaryngology, The Journal of Laryngology and Otology and The European Achieves of Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngology.Main outcome measuresEvaluate the incidence of reporting of REC approval and informed consent.ResultsOf the 767 articles reviewed, 401 met the inclusion criteria (manuscripts reporting human subjects, human tissue or identifiable personal data research which require ethical approval). 49.9% lacked a statement of REC approval and 42.9% lacked disclosure of informed consent. Articles that did not state REC approval were associated with not stating informed consent (P < 0.05).ConclusionArticles that lack explicit statements of REC approval and informed consent are frequent and continue to be published in major otolaryngology journals.
The use of Tisseel™ fibrin sealant in selective neck dissection – a retrospective study in a tertiary Head and Neck Surgery centre
Authors: Mushi E. , Kinshuck A. , Svecova N. , Schache A. , Jones T.M. , Tandon S. , Lancaster J. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the feasibility of drain‐free surgery in selective neck dissection (SND) by investigating the effects of the use of synthetic fibrin glue Tisseel™ on the drain output and overall wound healing.Study designRetrospective case review.SettingTertiary referral unit in Head and Neck surgery.ParticipantsThe case notes of 30 patients who had undergone SND in levels I to IV were examined and compared. Tisseel was applied prior to wound closure in fifteen patients only.Main outcome measuresDrain output, number of days of drain in situ and total number of days of hospitalisation as well as complications rate and type between the Tisseel and non‐Tisseel groups.ResultsPatients who had Tisseel applied in the wound had a mean drain output of 67.1 ml, which was significantly lower than 174.4 ml in patients who did not have it. Patients in the Tisseel group had the drain in situ for a shorter period and were hospitalised for fewer days than the ones in the non‐Tisseel group.ConclusionsThe use of Tisseel in SND resulted in lower drain output and shorter period of drain in situ and hospitalisation. There was no additional morbidity or complication associated with its use, and the initial conclusion is that this technique may have benefits not only to patient recovery but also for healthcare providers as they could potentially reduce the overall costs of surgery by reducing the length of hospital stay.
Changes of snoring sound after relocation pharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnoea: the surgery reduces mean intensity in snoring which correlates well with apnoea–hypopnoea index
Authors: Li H.Y. , Lee L.A. , Yu J.F. , Lo Y.L. , Chen N.H. , Fang T.J. , Hsin L.J. , Lin W.N. , Huang C.G. , Cheng W.N. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate objective changes of snoring after surgery in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and correlate these with changes in the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI).DesignProspective case series.SettingA novel measurement, Snore Map, was used to analyse full‐night snore sounds in terms of the maximal/mean intensity, peak/mean frequency, snoring index and energy type (Snore Map type, 0–4). Snore sound was classified into three bands according to frequency energy spectrum: B1 (40–300 Hz), B2 (301–850 Hz) and B3 (851–2000 Hz).ParticipantsThirty‐four male and two female OSA patients (mean age, 39 years; mean AHI, 53.1/h; mean body mass index, 26.8 kg/m2) with favourable anatomic structure were consecutively enrolled.Main outcome measuresParameters of polysomnographies and Snore Maps at baseline and six months after operation were compared. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsThirty‐two patients completed this study. The mean reduction in the total‐snoring index was insignificant but there were significant decreases in total mean intensity, total peak frequency, total mean frequency and Snore Map type after surgery. There were also significant decreases in the mean intensity in all three bands, the snoring index in B2/B3 and the mean frequency in B1 postoperatively. Changes in the total mean intensity, total mean frequency, B2 mean intensity and B3 snoring index positively correlated with change in the AHI.ConclusionsRelocation pharyngoplasty significantly decreases both the snoring sound intensity and snoring frequency. These reductions are directly proportional to the improvement of OSA.
Concurrent Movement Impairs Incidental But Not Intentional Statistical Learning
Authors: Stevens David J. , Arciuli Joanne , Anderson David I. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe effect of concurrent movement on incidental versus intentional statistical learning was examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants learned the statistical regularities embedded within familiarization stimuli implicitly, whereas in Experiment 2 they were made aware of the embedded regularities and were instructed explicitly to learn these regularities. Experiment 1 demonstrated that while the control group were able to learn the statistical regularities, the resistance‐free cycling group and the exercise group did not demonstrate learning. This is in contrast with the findings of Experiment 2, where all three groups demonstrated significant levels of learning. The results suggest that the movement demands, rather than the physiological stress, interfered with statistical learning. We suggest movement activates the striatum, which is not only responsible for motor control but also plays a role in incidental learning.
Do Lemmas Speak German? A Verb Position Effect in German Structural Priming
Authors: Chang Franklin , Baumann Michael , Pappert Sandra , Fitz Hartmut 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLexicalized theories of syntax often assume that verb‐structure regularities are mediated by lemmas, which abstract over variation in verb tense and aspect. German syntax seems to challenge this assumption, because verb position depends on tense and aspect. To examine how German speakers link these elements, a structural priming study was performed which varied syntactic structure, verb position (encoded by tense and aspect), and verb overlap. Abstract structural priming was found, both within and across verb position, but priming was larger when the verb position was the same between prime and target. Priming was boosted by verb overlap, but there was no interaction with verb position. The results can be explained by a lemma model where tense and aspect are linked to structural choices in German. Since the architecture of this lemma model is not consistent with results from English, a connectionist model was developed which could explain the cross‐linguistic variation in the production system. Together, these findings support the view that language learning plays an important role in determining the nature of structural priming in different languages.
Delays for diagnosis and treatment of lung cancers: a systematic review
Authors: Vinas Florent , Ben Hassen Ikram , Jabot Laurence , Monnet Isabelle , Chouaid Christos 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsThe impact of diagnosis and treatment delays for non‐small cell lung cancer management is poorly understood, even if the literature on the subject is currently increasing in importance. We have few indicators that can serve as reference for quality assurance actions. The objective of this review was to review the literature on the subject.MethodsA literature search, using the words ‘human lung cancer delay’ and ‘human lung cancer waiting time’, was undertaken in Medline database.ResultsSeveral studies analyzed these delays mostly in a monocentric setting. There is an important variability in the definition of these delays, in the collection methods and in the results obtained. However, it seems distinctly clear that long delays are frequently observed in less symptomatic patients and, therefore, are accompanied by better prognosis.ConclusionMore standardized definitions and procedures to calculate time intervals between cancer diagnosis and treatment should be implemented to better understand the delays of lung cancer management.