bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of synthetic colloid administration on hemodynamic and laboratory variables in healthy dogs and dogs with systemic inflammation
Authors: Gauthier Vincent , Holowaychuk Marie K. , Kerr Carolyn L. , Bersenas Alexa M.E. , Wood R. Darren 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of administering equal volumes of isotonic crystalloids and synthetic colloids on hemodynamic and laboratory variables in healthy dogs and dogs with systemic inflammation.DesignRandomized, placebo‐controlled, blinded study.SettingComparative clinical research facility.AnimalsSixteen adult purpose‐bred Beagles.InterventionsDogs were first randomized to receive either lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 μg/kg, IV) or an equal volume of placebo (0.9% NaCl, IV). Dogs were then randomized into 1 of 2 groups receiving fluid resuscitation with either 40 mL/kg IV isotonic crystalloid (0.9% NaCl) or synthetic colloid (tetrastarch). After a 14‐day washout, the study was repeated such that dogs received the opposite treatment (LPS or placebo) and the same resuscitation fluid regimen. Vital signs (heart rate (HR), oscillometric blood pressure) were measured and blood samples were collected for PCV, total plasma protein (TPP), serum lactate concentration, and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) measurements.Measurements and Main ResultsHealthy (placebo) dogs had similar decreases in PCV and TPP after administration of either fluid. Tetrastarch administration was associated with a larger increase in HR, systolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure. Dogs with systemic inflammation had similar increases in systolic blood pressure and decreases in PCV, TPP, and lactate after administration of either fluid. Tetrastarch administration caused greater immediate increase in HR and mean blood pressure compared to 0.9% NaCl. In all dogs, 0.9% NaCl administration decreased COP and tetrastarch administration increased COP.ConclusionsResuscitation with equal volumes of 0.9% NaCl and tetrastarch caused similar changes in hemodynamic and laboratory variables in dogs with LPS‐induced systemic inflammation; however, larger increases in HR and blood pressure were seen within the first 2 hours following tetrastarch administration compared to 0.9% NaCl. Tetrastarch administration increased COP in all dogs, despite a decrease in TPP.
Comparison of a Mobile Technology Application With the Balance Error Scoring System
Authors: Patterson Jeremy A. , Amick Ryan Z. , Pandya Priyanka D. , Hakansson Nils , Jorgensen Michael J. 
Published: May 2014

Context:The most widely used method for postural balance assessment relies on the subjective observations of a test administrator. Accelerometry has been shown to provide a valid and reliable method for assessment of balance, and recent advances in microelectromechanical systems have made the technology available in mobile electronic devices.Objective:To compare a mobile technology application with a commonly used subjective balance assessment.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:Twenty-one nonathlete college-aged individuals (7 men, 14 women; mean age 23 ± 3 years) volunteered to participate. Subjects were excluded if they reported any preexisting condition that might affect postural balance.Results:A strong inverse correlation was found between the scores for the two balance assessment methods (r = -.767, p < .01).Conclusions:Advances in technology have provided an attractive means to objectively quantify postural balance with off-the-shelf mobile consumer electronic devices.
Dietitian-Observed Macronutrient Intakes of Young Skill and Team-Sport Athletes: Adequacy of Pre, During, and Postexercise Nutrition
Authors: Baker Lindsay B. , Heaton Lisa E. , Nuccio Ryan P. , Stein Kimberly W. 
Published: May 2014

Context:Sports nutrition experts recommend that team-sport athletes participating in intermittent high-intensity exercise for ≥1 hr consume 1–4 g carbohydrate/kg 1–4 hr before, 30–60 g carbohydrate/hr during, and 1–1.2 g carbohydrate/kg/hr and 20–25 g protein as soon as possible after exercise. The study objective was to compare observed vs. recommended macronutrient intake of competitive athletes under free-living conditions.Methods:The dietary intake of 29 skill/team-sport athletes (14–19 y; 22 male, 7 female) was observed at a sports training facility by trained registered dietitians for one 24-hr period. Dietitians accompanied subjects to the cafeteria and field/court to record their food and fluid intake during meals and practices/competitions. Other dietary intake within the 24-hr period (e.g., snacks during class) was accounted for by having the subject take a picture of the food/fluid and completing a log.Results:For male and female athletes, respectively, the mean ± SD (and percent of athletes meeting recommended) macronutrient intake around exercise was 1.4 ± 0.6 (73%) and 1.4 ± 1.0 (57%) g carbohydrate/kg in the 4 hr before exercise, 21.1 ± 17.2 (18%) and 18.6 ± 13.2 (29%) g carbohydrate/hrr during exercise, 1.4 ± 1.1 (68%) and 0.9 ± 1.0 (43%) g carbohydrate/kg and 45.2 ± 36.9 (73%) and 18.0 ± 21.2 (43%) g protein in the 1 hr after exercise.Conclusion:The male athletes’ carbohydrate and protein intake more closely approximated recommendations overall than that of the female athletes. The most common shortfall was carbohydrate intake during exercise, as only 18% of male and 29% of female athletes consumed 30–60 g carbohydrate/hr during practice/competition.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Safety and Efficacy Study of Rifalazil Compared with Azithromycin for Treatment of Uncomplicated Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Women
Authors: Geisler William M. , Pascual Maria Luz G. , Mathew Judy , Koltun William D. , Morgan Franklin , Batteiger Byron E. , Mayes Annette , Tao Sijia , Hurwitz Selwyn J. , Sayada Chalom , Schinazi Raymond F. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

A randomized, double-blind study comparing single-dose chlamydia therapies of oral rifalazil (25 mg) and azithromycin (1 g) was conducted in 82 women with uncomplicated genital
Chlamydia trachomatis
infection. The microbiologic cure rate of
C. trachomatis
with rifalazil (
n
= 33) was 84.8% at the visit on day 22 to 26 (test-of-cure visit), versus 92.1% with azithromycin (
n
= 38), and the number of treatment failures in each group was 5 and 3, respectively. The difference in cure rate was −7.3%, with a lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of −22.5, and thus, noninferiority was not established at the prespecified margin (lower limit of CI of −15%). The overall treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) and treatment-related TEAE rates were lower in the rifalazil group (68% and 55%) than in the azithromycin group (71% and 62%), respectively. Subjects classified as treatment failures at day 22 to 26 had a lower mean plasma concentration of rifalazil at the visit on day 8 to 12 than those classified as treatment cures, but this difference was not significant; however, the levels were similar for both groups at the visit on day 22 to 26. A single 25-mg dose of rifalazil was well tolerated and eradicated
C. trachomatis
in most of these women with uncomplicated genital
C. trachomatis
infection. (The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov under registration no. NCT01631201).
Structural Changes and Differentially Expressed Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exposed to Meropenem-Ciprofloxacin Combination
Authors: Siqueira Vera Lúcia Dias , Cardoso Rosilene Fressatti , Caleffi-Ferracioli Katiany Rizzieri , de Lima Scodro Regiane Bertin , Fernandez Maria Aparecida , Fiorini Adriana , Ueda-Nakamura Tania , Dias-Filho Benedito Prado , Nakamura Celso Vataru 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The effect of a meropenem-ciprofloxacin combination (MCC) on the susceptibility of multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(MRPA) clinical isolates was determined using checkerboard and time-kill curve techniques. Structural changes and differential gene expression that resulted from the synergistic action of the MCC against one of the
P. aeruginosa
isolates (1071-MRPA]) were evaluated using electron microscopy and representational difference analysis (RDA), respectively. The differentially expressed, SOS response-associated, and resistance-associated genes in 1071-MRPA exposed to meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and the MCC were monitored by quantitative PCR. The MCC was synergistic against 25% and 40.6% of MDR
P. aeruginosa
isolates as shown by the checkerboard and time-kill curves, respectively. The morphological and structural changes that resulted from the synergistic action of the MCC against 1071-MRPA were a summation of the effects observed with each antimicrobial alone. One exception included outer membrane vesicles, which were seen in a greater amount upon ciprofloxacin exposure but were significantly inhibited upon MCC exposure. Cell wall- and DNA repair-associated genes were differentially expressed in 1071-MRPA exposed to meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and the MCC. However, some of the RDA-detected, resistance-associated, and SOS response-associated genes were expressed at significantly lower levels in 1071-MRPA exposed to the MCC. The MCC may be an alternative for the treatment of MDR
P. aeruginosa
. The effect of this antimicrobial combination may be not only the result of a summation of the effects of meropenem and ciprofloxacin but also a result of differential action that likely inhibits protective mechanisms in the bacteria.
Sheltering Effect and Indirect Pathogenesis of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Polymicrobial Infection
Authors: Liao Yu-Ting , Kuo Shu-Chen , Lee Yi-Tzu , Chen Chien-Pei , Lin Shu-Wen , Shen Li-Jiuan , Fung Chang-Phone , Cho Wen-Long , Chen Te-Li 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The role of carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
(CRAb) in polymicrobial infection remains elusive. Having observed the ability of CRAb to shelter other susceptible bacteria from carbapenem killing, we sought to determine the factors contributing to this sheltering effect by transforming different recombinant plasmids into recipient
A. baumannii
cells. The sheltering effects of CRAb were reproduced in recipient
A. baumannii
cells that highly expressed carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs) through their associated strong promoter. With the use of Western blot analysis and a bioassay, the highly expressed CHDLs were found to be extracellularly released and led to hydrolysis of carbapenem. The level of extracellular CHDLs increased after challenge with a higher concentration of CHDL substrates, such as carbapenem and ticarcillin. This increased CHDL may, in part, be attributed to cell lysis, as indicated by the presence of extracellular gyrase. In the planktonic condition, the sheltering effect for the cocultured susceptible bacteria might represent an indirect and passive effect of the CRAb self-defense mechanism, because coculture with the susceptible pathogen did not augment the amount of the extracellular CHDLs. Polymicrobial infection caused by CRAb and a susceptible counterpart exerted higher pathogenicity than monomicrobial infection caused by either pathogen alone in mice receiving carbapenem therapy. This study demonstrated that CHDL-producing CRAb appears to provide a sheltering effect for carbapenem-susceptible pathogens via the extracellular release of CHDLs and, by this mechanism, can enhance the pathogenesis of polymicrobial infection in the presence of carbapenem therapy.
Biopharmaceutical Characterization of Nebulized Antimicrobial Agents in Rats: 1. Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, and Grepafloxacin
Authors: Gontijo Aline Vidal Lacerda , Brillault Julien , Grégoire Nicolas , Lamarche Isabelle , Gobin Patrice , Couet William , Marchand Sandrine 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biopharmaceutical characteristics of three fluoroquinolones (FQs), ciprofloxacin (CIP), moxifloxacin (MXF), and grepafloxacin (GRX), after delivery via a nebulized aerosol to rats. Bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were conducted 0.5, 2, 4, and 6 h after FQ intravenous administration and nebulized aerosol delivery to estimate epithelial lining fluid (ELF) drug concentrations. Plasma drug concentrations were also measured, and profiles of drug concentrations versus time after intravenous administration and nebulized aerosol delivery were virtually superimposable, attesting for rapid and complete systemic absorption of FQs. ELF drug concentrations were systematically higher than corresponding plasma drug concentrations, whatever the route of administration, and average ELF-to-unbound plasma drug concentration ratios post-distribution equilibrium did not change significantly between the ways of administration and were equal: 4.0 ± 5.3 for CIP, 12.6 ± 7.3 for MXF, and 19.1 ± 10.5 for GRX (means ± standard deviations). The impact of macrophage lysis on estimated ELF drug concentrations was significant for GRX but reduced for MXF and CIP; therefore, simultaneous pharmacokinetic modeling of plasma and ELF drug concentrations was only performed for the latter two drugs. The model was characterized by a fixed volume of ELF (
V
ELF
), passive diffusion clearance (
Q
ELF
), and active efflux clearance (CL
out
) between plasma and ELF, indicating active efflux transport systems. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ELF drug concentrations of these three FQs are several times higher than plasma drug concentrations, probably due to the presence of efflux transporters at the pulmonary barrier level, but no biopharmaceutical advantage of FQ nebulization was observed compared with intravenous administration.
Reciprocal Regulation of Resistance-Nodulation-Division Efflux Systems and the Cpx Two-Component System in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Taylor Dawn L. , Bina X. Renee , Slamti Leyla , Waldor Matthew K. , Bina James E. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The Cpx two-component regulatory system has been shown in
Escherichia coli
to alleviate stress caused by misfolded cell envelope proteins. The
Vibrio cholerae
Cpx system was previously found to respond to cues distinct from those in the
E. coli
system, suggesting that this system fulfills a different physiological role in the cholera pathogen. Here, we used microarrays to identify genes that were regulated by the
V. cholerae
Cpx system. Our observations suggest that the activation of the
V. cholerae
Cpx system does not induce expression of genes involved in the mitigation of stress generated by misfolded cell envelope proteins but promotes expression of genes involved in antimicrobial resistance. In particular, activation of the Cpx system induced expression of the genes encoding the VexAB and VexGH resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux systems and their cognate outer membrane pore protein TolC. The promoters for these loci contained putative CpxR consensus binding sites, and ectopic
cpxR
expression activated transcription from the promoters for the RND efflux systems. CpxR was not required for intrinsic antimicrobial resistance, but CpxR activation enhanced resistance to antimicrobial substrates of VexAB and VexGH. Mutations that inactivated VexAB or VexGH efflux activity resulted in the activation of the Cpx response, suggesting that
vexAB
and
vexGH
and the
cpxP-cpxRA
system are reciprocally regulated. We speculate that the reciprocal regulation of the
V. cholerae
RND efflux systems and the Cpx two-component system is mediated by the intracellular accumulation of an endogenously produced metabolic by-product that is normally extruded from the cell by the RND efflux systems.
Identification of Campath-1 (CD52) as Novel Drug Target in Neoplastic Stem Cells in 5q-Patients with MDS and AML
Authors: Blatt Katharina , Herrmann Harald , Hoermann Gregor , Willmann Michael , Cerny-Reiterer Sabine , Sadovnik Irina , Herndlhofer Susanne , Streubel Berthold , Rabitsch Werner , Sperr Wolfgang R. , Mayerhofer Matthias , Rülicke Thomas , Valent Peter 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Purpose: The CD52-targeted antibody alemtuzumab induces major clinical responses in a group of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The mechanism underlying this drug effect remains unknown.
Experimental Design: We asked whether neoplastic stem cells (NSC) in patients with MDS (n = 29) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML; n = 62) express CD52.
Results: As assessed by flow cytometry, CD52 was found to be expressed on NSC-enriched CD34+/CD38− cells in 8/11 patients with MDS and isolated del(5q). In most other patients with MDS, CD52 was weakly expressed or not detectable on NSC. In AML, CD34+/CD38− cells displayed CD52 in 23/62 patients, including four with complex karyotype and del(5q) and one with del(5q) and t(1;17;X). In quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses, purified NSC obtained from del(5q) patients expressed CD52 mRNA. We were also able to show that CD52 mRNA levels correlate with EVI1 expression and that NRAS induces the expression of CD52 in AML cells. The CD52-targeting drug alemtuzumab, was found to induce complement-dependent lysis of CD34+/CD38−/CD52+ NSC, but did not induce lysis in CD52− NSC. Alemtuzumab also suppressed engraftment of CD52+ NSC in NSG mice. Finally, CD52 expression on NSC was found to correlate with a poor survival in patients with MDS and AML.
Conclusions: The cell surface target Campath-1 (CD52) is expressed on NSC in a group of patients with MDS and AML. CD52 is a novel prognostic NSC marker and a potential NSC target in a subset of patients with MDS and AML, which may have clinical implications and may explain clinical effects produced by alemtuzumab in these patients. Clin Cancer Res; 20(13); 3589–602. ©2014 AACR.
Heart Failure With Recovered Ejection Fraction
Authors: Basuray Anupam , French Benjamin , Ky Bonnie , Vorovich Esther , Olt Caroline , Sweitzer Nancy K. , Cappola Thomas P. , Fang James C. 
Published: May 2014

Background—
We hypothesized that patients with heart failure (HF) who recover left ventricular function (HF-Recovered) have a distinct clinical phenotype, biology, and prognosis compared with patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF) and those with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF).

Methods and Results—

The Penn Heart Failure Study (PHFS) is a prospective cohort of 1821 chronic HF patients recruited from tertiary HF clinics. Participants were divided into 3 categories based on echocardiograms: HF-REF if EF was <50%, HF-PEF if EF was consistently ≥50%, and HF-Recovered if EF on enrollment in PHFS was ≥50% but prior EF was <50%. A significant portion of HF-Recovered patients had an abnormal biomarker profile at baseline, including 44% with detectable troponin I, although in comparison, median levels of brain natriuretic factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1, troponin I, and creatinine were greater in HF-REF and HF-PEF patients. In unadjusted Cox models over a maximum follow-up of 8.9 years, the hazard ratio for death, transplantation, or ventricular assist device placement in HF-REF patients was 4.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.4–6.8;
P
<0.001) and in HF-PEF patients was 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.2–4.5;
P
=0.013) compared with HF-Recovered patients. The unadjusted hazard ratio for cardiac hospitalization in HF-REF patients was 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.5–2.7;
P
<0.001) and in HF-PEF patients was 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.90–2.0;
P
=0.15) compared with HF-Recovered patients. Results were similar in adjusted models.

Conclusions—
HF-Recovered is associated with a better biomarker profile and event-free survival than HF-REF and HF-PEF. However, these patients still have abnormalities in biomarkers and experience a significant number of HF hospitalizations, suggesting persistent HF risk.
The Subthalamic Nucleus Contributes to Post-error Slowing
Authors: Cavanagh James F. , Sanguinetti Joseph L. , Allen John J. B. , Sherman Scott J. , Frank Michael J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
pFC is proposed to implement cognitive control via directed “top–down” influence over behavior. But how is this feat achieved? The virtue of such a descriptive model is contingent on a mechanistic understanding of how motor execution is altered in specific circumstances. In this report, we provide evidence that the well-known phenomenon of slowed RTs following mistakes (post-error slowing) is directly influenced by the degree of subthalamic nucleus (STN) activity. The STN is proposed to act as a brake on motor execution following conflict or errors, buying time so a more cautious response can be made on the next trial. STN local field potentials from nine Parkinson disease patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery were recorded while they performed a response conflict task. In a 2.5- to 5-Hz frequency range previously associated with conflict and error processing, the degree phase consistency preceding the response was associated with increasingly slower RTs specifically following errors. These findings provide compelling evidence that post-error slowing is in part mediated by a corticosubthalamic “hyperdirect” pathway for increased response caution.
Aging Affects the Interaction between Attentional Control and Source Memory: An fMRI Study
Authors: Dulas Michael R. , Duarte Audrey 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAge-related source memory impairments may be due, at least in part, to deficits in executive processes mediated by the PFC at both study and test. Behavioral work suggests that providing environmental support at encoding, such as directing attention toward item–source associations, may improve source memory and reduce age-related deficits in the recruitment of these executive processes. The present fMRI study investigated the effects of directed attention and aging on source memory encoding and retrieval. At study, participants were shown pictures of objects. They were either asked to attend to the objects and their color (source) or to their size. At test, participants determined if objects were seen before, and if so, whether they were the same color as previously. Behavioral results showed that direction of attention improved source memory for both groups; however, age-related deficits persisted. fMRI results revealed that, across groups, direction of attention facilitated medial temporal lobe-mediated contextual binding processes during study and attenuated right PFC postretrieval monitoring effects at test. However, persistent age-related source memory deficits may be related to increased recruitment of medial anterior PFC during encoding, indicative of self-referential processing, as well as underrecruitment of lateral anterior PFC-mediated relational processes. Taken together, this study suggests that, even when supported, older adults may fail to selectively encode goal-relevant contextual details supporting source memory performance.