bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of systemic fungal infection in patients with perforated oesophagus
Authors: Elsayed H , Shaker H , Whittle I , Hussein S 
Published: November 2012

INTRODUCTION Perforated oesophagus is a surgical emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. Systemic fungal infection represents a poor response to the magnitude of the insult, which adds significantly to the risk of morbidity and mortality in these patients. We reviewed our experience with this group of patients over a six-year period in a tertiary referral centre. METHODS A retrospective clinical review was conducted of patients who were admitted following a ruptured oesophagus over a period of six years (January 2002 – January 2008). RESULTS We had 27 admissions (18 men and 9 women) following an isolated perforated oesophagus to our unit. The median patient age was 65 years (range: 22–87 years). The majority (n=24,89%) presented with spontaneous perforations (Boerhaave’s syndrome) and three (11%) were iatrogenic. Fungal organisms, predominantly Candida albicans, were positively cultured in pleural or blood samples in 16 (59%) of the 27 patients. Fourteen patients grew yeasts within the first seven days while two showed a delayed growth after ten days. Overall mortality was 5 out of 27 patients (19%). There was no mortality among the group that did not grow yeasts in their blood/pleural fluid while mortality was 31% (5/16) in the group with systemic fungal infection (p<0.001). A positive fungal culture was also associated with increase ventilation time, intensive care unit stay and inpatient hospital stay but not an increased rate of complications. CONCLUSIONS Systemic fungal infection in patients with a ruptured oesophagus affects a significant proportion of these patients and carries a poor prognosis despite advanced critical care interventions. It may represent a general marker of poor host response to a major insult but can add to mortality and morbidity. It is worth considering adding antifungal therapy empirically at an early stage to antimicrobials in patients with an established diagnosis of a perforated oesophagus.
Native Americans in the films of the GDR and Czechoslovakia
Authors: Briel Holger 
Published: November 2012

This article concerns itself with the role Native Americans are assigned in the films of the German Democratic Republic and, to a somewhat lesser degree, in Czechoslovakian films. It traces the creation and ideology of East German ‘Cowboy and Indian’ films in the 1960s and
1970s and analyses the role their Native American characters are assigned. It becomes clear that while these films had specifically been created to counterbalance the depiction of Native Americans in West German films, in many respects this undertaking fails because of their flawed premises.
This situation is then compared to the lack of their depiction in the Czechoslovakian film Lemonade Joe (1964),which is then interpreted as an intentional political statement of resistance.
REVIEWS
Authors: Gottlieb Dylan , Plank Geoffrey 
Published: November 2012

WARREN J. BELASCO, APPETITE FOR CHANGE: HOW THE COUNTERCULTURE TOOK ON THE FOOD INDUSTRY, 2ND ED. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 366 pp.,ISBN-13: 978-0801473296 (pbk), $21.95
CHRISTOPHER TOMLINS, FREEDOM BOUND: LAW, LABOR, AND CIVIC IDENTITY IN COLONIZING ENGLISH AMERICA,
1580–1865 (2010) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 636 pp.,ISBN: 9780521137775 (pbk), £25
REVIEWS
Authors: Alexandre Rui , Baldauf Anette , Cutcher Alexandra 
Published: November 2012

DESENHO INFANTIL E SEU ENSINO A CRIANÇAS CEGAS: RAZÕES E MÉTODO, MARIA LÚCIA BATEZAT DUARTE (2011)Curitiba, Brazil: Insight Editora, 203 pp., ISBN: 978-85-62241-03-1, p/bk, DVD, price on request
INTELLECTUAL BIRDHOUSE: ARTISTIC PRACTICE AS RESEARCH, FLORIAN
DOMBOIS, UTE META BAUER, CLAUDIA MAREIS AND MICHAEL SCHWAB (EDS) (2011) Cologne and London: Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König,295 pp.,ISBN: 978-3-86335-118-2, p/bk,€19.80
TRANSFORMING THE CURRICULUM THROUGH THE ARTS, ROBYN GIBSON AND ROBYN EWING(2011) South Yarra, Victoria,
Australia: Palgrave Macmillan, 244 pp., ISBN: 97814202 5643 7, p/bk, AUS$59.95
Separation of oxidized americium from lanthanides by use of pillared metal(IV) phosphate-phosphonate hybrid materials
Authors: Burns J. D. , Borkowski Marian , Clearfield A. , Reed Donald T. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Closing the nuclear fuel cycle in the US poses many challenges, one of which is found in the waste streams, which contain both trivalent lanthanides and actinides. The separation of americium from the raffinate will dramatically reduce the long-term radiotoxicity of the waste. The sorption of americium in both the tri- and pentavalent oxidation states was observed for four M(IV) phosphate-phosphonate ion exchange materials in nitric acid at pH 2. High selectivity was observed for reduced Am(III) with K
d values ca. 6×105 mL/g, while the K
d values for Am(V) were much lower. A new method of synthesizing and stabilizing AmO2
+ to yield a lifetime of at least 24 h in acidic media using a combination of sodium persulfate and calcium hypochlorite will be described.
Modified synthesis scheme for N,N´-dimethyl-N,N´-dioctyl-2,(2´-hexyloxyethyl) malonamide (DMDOHEMA) and its comparison with proposed solvents for actinide partitioning
Authors: Patil Ajay B. , Shinde Vaishali S. , Pathak P. N. , Mohapatra P. K. , Manchanda V. K. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

N,N´-dimethyl-N,N´-dioctyl-2,(2´-hexyloxyethyl) malonamide (DMDOHEMA) has been synthesized by a relatively simpler route with a better yield than the conventional procedures for the synthesis of pentaalkyl substituted diamides. The proposed route replaces the use of acid chlorides and brominating agents (corrosive in nature) by acid diester and p-toluene sulphonyl (tosyl) chloride, respectively. The later easily replaces hydrogen from primary OH group of the 3-oxanonyl side chain and relatively less corrosive. The synthesized product has been tested for the extraction behavior of 241Am, Np, Pu as pure tracers as well as under Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) Simulated High-Level Waste (SHLW) conditions. The stoichiometries of extracted species of Np(IV), Pu(IV), and Am(III) from 3 M HNO3 using varying concentrations of DMDOHEMA in n-dodecane has been determined. The effect of the nature of mineral acid (viz. HCl, HNO3, and HClO4) on the extraction of Am(III) has also been investigated employing DMDOHEMA and N,N´-dimethyl-N,N´-dibutyl-tetradecyl malonamide (DMDBTDMA) as extractants and explained in terms of the aggregation behavior of diamides. The performance of DMDOHEMA has been evaluated vis-à-vis other proposed extractants for actinide partitioning under PHWR-SHLW conditions.
Asymptotic expansions for conditional moments of Bernoulli trials
Authors: Strasser Helmut 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this paper we study conditional distributions of independent, but not identically distributed Bernoulli random variables. The conditioning variable is the sum of the Bernoulli variables. We obtain Edgeworth expansions for the conditional expectations and the conditional variances and covariances. The results are of basic interest for several applications, e.g. for the study of conditional maximum likelihood estimation in Rasch models with many item parameters.
Sensoreinsatz und Datenanalyse in der Landwirtschaft
Authors: Link-Dolezal Johanna , Zecha Christoph , Claupein Wilhelm 
Published: November 2012

Zusammenfassung
Der Einsatz von Sensoren und die Analyse von Daten spielt in der heutigen Landwirtschaft eine bedeutende Rolle. Marktreife Sensortechniken erlauben eine teilflächenspezifische Anpassung der Applikationsmengen an den aktuellen Bedarf der Pflanze. In der Forschung wird am Thema Sensorfusion und der Datenauswertung gearbeitet, um die teilflächenspezifische Bewirtschaftung des Schlages weiter zu optimieren.
Blutgruppenbestimmung mit synthetischen Rezeptoren — Entwicklung eines Fließsystems zur kontinuierlichen Messung
Authors: Dickert Franz L. , Aigner Stephan , Jungbauer Christof 
Published: November 2012

Zusammenfassung
Eine innovative Alternative zur heute verwendeten Blutgruppenbestimmung besteht in der Anwendung von synthetischen Antikörpern, die durch Templatsynthese über das Prägen von Polymeren mit nativen Erythrozyten zugänglich sind. Bei dieser Strategie können einfache und preisgünstige Monomerbausteine verwendet werden, die zu robusten Materialien führen. Als Polymere können beispielsweise Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polyacrylat oder Polyurethan herangezogen werden. Die Transducer werden mit diesen strukturierten Polymeren beschichtet und mit einem Fließ-System verbunden. So können mit einem reversiblen Sensorsystem Erythrozyten im Blut bezüglich des AB0 Systems, aber auch der Subgruppen typisiert werden.
The Globalization of Pediatric Clinical Trials
Authors: Dunne Julia , Murphy M. Dianne , Rodriguez William J. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the characteristics of pediatric trials conducted under US legislation and to compare results with data from 2002 to 2007.

METHODS:
We reviewed all pediatric trials provided to the US Food and Drug Administration in submissions that were approved between September 28, 2007 and December 21, 2010. We extracted data for each trial including age range, therapeutic indication, design, duration, and patient and center enrollment by location.

RESULTS:
Overall 346 studies on 113 drugs and biologicals enrolled 55 819 pediatric patients. The United States participated in 86% of the studies, providing 71% of the centers and 74% of the patients. Corresponding percentages for non-US countries were 43%, 29%, and 26% respectively. Developing or transition countries participated in 22% of the studies, providing 12% of the centers and 10% of the patients; our earlier analysis found corresponding percentages of 38%, 12%, and 23%. The most common therapeutic areas studied in the latter countries were infectious, neurologic, and pulmonary diseases. Seventy-eight vaccine studies enrolled 147 692 patients. The United States participated in 40% of the studies, providing 39% of the centers and 22% of the patients. Corresponding percentages for non-US countries were 74%, 61%, and 78% respectively. Developing or transition countries participated in 27% of the studies, providing 15% of the centers and 52% of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
The United States remains an important location for pediatric trials. Developing country involvement in pediatric drug development is not increasing, although these countries participate significantly in vaccine trials.
Long-term Benefits of Home-based Preventive Care for Preterm Infants: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Spencer-Smith Megan M. , Spittle Alicia J. , Doyle Lex W. , Lee Katherine J. , Lorefice Lucy , Suetin Anastasiya , Pascoe Leona , Anderson Peter J. 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND:
We have previously reported improved caregiver mental health and infant behavior at 2 years following a home-based preventive care program for very preterm infants and their caregivers. This study aimed to determine the longer-term effectiveness of the program by reviewing caregivers and children at preschool age.

METHODS:
One hundred twenty very preterm infants (&lt;30 weeks’ gestation) were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 61) or control (n = 59) groups. The intervention included 9 home visits over the first year of life targeting infant development, parent mental health, and the parent-infant relationship. The control group received standard care. At 4 years’ corrected age, child cognitive, behavioral, and motor functioning and caregiver mental health were assessed.

RESULTS:
At age 4 years, 105 (89%) children were reviewed. There was little evidence of differences in cognitive or motor functioning between groups. The intervention group had lower scores for child internalizing behaviors than the control group (mean difference −5.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] −9.6 to −0.9, P = .02). Caregivers in the intervention group had fewer anxiety symptoms (mean difference −1.8, 95% CI −3.3 to −0.4, P = .01) and were less likely to exhibit "at-risk" anxiety (odds ratio 0.3, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7, P = .01) than those in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS:
This home-based preventive care program for very preterm infants has selective long-term benefits, including less caregiver anxiety and reduced preschooler internalizing behaviors.
Predictors of Delayed or Forgone Needed Health Care for Families With Children
Authors: Wisk Lauren E. , Witt Whitney P. 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND:
We sought to determine how health care–related financial burden, childhood activity limitations, health insurance, and other access-related factors predict delayed or forgone care for families with children, using a nationally representative, population-based sample.

METHODS:
Our sample included families with children aged 0 to 17 years whose family was interviewed about their health care expenditures in 1 of 7 panels of the 2001 to 2008 Medial Expenditure Panel Survey (N = 14 138). Financial burden was defined as (1) the sum of out-of-pocket health service expenditures during the first survey year and (2) that sum divided by adjusted family income. Delayed or forgone care was defined as self-report of delayed or forgone medical care or prescription medications for the reference parent or child during the second survey year.

RESULTS:
Financial burden, discordant insurance, and having a child with an activity limitation were some of the strongest predictors of delayed or forgone care. Additionally, significant health insurance and income-related disparities exist in the experience of delayed or forgone care.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children and their families are delaying or forgoing needed care due to health care–related financial burden. Policies are needed to effectively reduce financial burden and improve the concordance of insurance between parents and children because this may reduce the frequency of unmet need among families. Moreover, reducing the occurrence of delayed or forgone care may improve health outcomes by increasing the opportunity to receive timely and preventive care.
Pretreatment, Psychological, and Behavioral Predictors of Weight Outcomes Among Lifestyle Intervention Participants in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)
Authors: Delahanty Linda M. , Peyrot Mark , Shrader Peter J. , Williamson Donald A. , Meigs James B. , Nathan David M. ,   for the DPP Research Group
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
To identify the most important pretreatment characteristics and changes in psychological and behavioral factors that predict weight outcomes in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Approximately 25% of DPP lifestyle intervention participants (n = 274) completed questionnaires to assess weight history and psychological and behavioral factors at baseline and 6 months after completion of the 16-session core curriculum. The change in variables from baseline to 6 months was assessed with t tests. Multivariate models using hierarchical logistic regression assessed the association of weight outcomes at end of study with each demographic, weight loss history, psychological, and behavioral factor.

RESULTS
At end of study, 40.5% had achieved the DPP 7% weight loss goal. Several baseline measures (older age, race, older age when first overweight, fewer self-implemented weight loss attempts, greater exercise self-efficacy, greater dietary restraint, fewer fat-related dietary behaviors, more sedentary activity level) were independent predictors of successful end-of-study weight loss with the DPP lifestyle program. The DPP core curriculum resulted in significant improvements in many psychological and behavioral targets. Changes in low-fat diet self-efficacy and dietary restraint skills predicted better long-term weight loss, and the association of low-fat diet self-efficacy with weight outcomes was explained by dietary behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS
Health care providers who translate the DPP lifestyle intervention should be aware of pretreatment characteristics that may hamper or enhance weight loss, consider prioritizing strategies to improve low-fat diet self-efficacy and dietary restraint skills, and examine whether taking these actions improves weight loss outcomes.
Linear discrete systems with memory: a generalization of the Langmuir model
Authors: Băleanu Dumitru , Nigmatullin Raoul 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this manuscript we analyzed a general solution of the linear nonlocal Langmuir model within time scale calculus. Several generalizations of the Langmuir model are presented together with their exact corresponding solutions.
The physical meaning of the proposed models are investigated and their corresponding geometries are reported.
Pretreatment Viral Dna Stratifies Mortality Risk in Patients Receiving Antiviral Therapy for Severe Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Hsu Yao-Chun , Wu Chun-Ying , Chang Chi-Yang , Tai Chih-Min , Tseng Cheng-Hao , Perng Daw-Shyong , Mo Lein-Ray , Lin Jaw-Town 
Published: November 2012

Background Prognostic factors have not been elucidated for severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B treated with antiviral therapy. This study aimed to explore the role of baseline viral load in predicting mortality. Methods This retrospective cohort study screened consecutive chronic hepatitis B patients ( n=84) receiving antiviral therapy for severe acute exacerbation, defined as abrupt elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase >10x the upper limit of normal along with hyperbilirubinaemia. Survival pattern was evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method and predictors for mortality determined by the Cox regression analysis. Results A total of 66 patients were eligible and followed-up for a median of 23 months (range 0.1–75.0). Overall, 20 (30.3%) patients died during the study period, with the vast majority ( n=17) succumbing rapidly within 3 months of severe acute exacerbation. The multivariate Cox model revealed that mortality was associated with baseline viral DNA level (HR 1.49 per log copies/ml, 95% CI 1.13, 1.96), international normalized ratio for prothrombin time (HR 2.68 per unit, 95% CI 1.81, 3.98), platelet count (HR 0.87 per 104 cells/ml, 95% CI 0.78, 0.98) and age (HR 1.10 per year, 95% CI 1.05, 1.15). A significant interaction existed between viral DNA and prolonged prothrombin time ( P=0.005). Stratified analyses further demonstrated that pronounced coagulopathy heralded death irrespective of viral load, whereas serum level of viral DNA stratified mortality risk among those without marked coagulopathy. Conclusions Pretreatment viral DNA level stratifies risk of death in patients with severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B before the manifestation of overt liver failure.
La consultation de neurologie fœtale : l'image du fœtus et son devenir
Authors: Billette de Villemeur Thierry , Moutard Marie-Laure 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Quand l’anomalie neurologique dépistée par l’échographie se révèle – au terme d’une approche pluridisciplinaire – d’une particulière gravité, les parents sont confrontés à un choix aussi impossible qu’incontournable entre la poursuite de la grossesse et son interruption. Comment les soutenir en pareille situation ? En leur apportant l’information médicale la plus fiable et la plus précise possible, mais aussi en leur permettant de confronter celle-ci avec tous les autres éléments en jeu, y compris les moins rationnels.
Intrapulmonary G-CSF Rescues Neutrophil Recruitment to the Lung and Neutrophil Release to Blood in Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection in MCP-1−/− Mice
Authors: Balamayooran Gayathriy , Batra Sanjay , Theivanthiran Balamayooran , Cai Shanshan , Pacher Pal , Jeyaseelan Samithamby 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We previously demonstrated that MCP-1 is important for E. coli–induced neutrophil migration to the lungs. However, E. coli neither disseminates nor induces death in mice. Furthermore, the cell types and the host defense mechanisms that contribute to MCP-1–dependent neutrophil trafficking have not been defined. In this study, we sought to explore the cell types and the mechanisms associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae–mediated MCP-1–dependent neutrophil influx. MCP-1−/− mice are more susceptible to pulmonary K. pneumoniae infection and show higher bacterial burden in the lungs and dissemination. MCP-1−/− mice also display attenuated neutrophil influx, cytokine/chemokine production, and activation of NF-κB and MAPKs following intratracheal K. pneumoniae infection. rMCP-1 treatment in MCP-1−/− mice following K. pneumoniae infection rescued impairment in survival, bacterial clearance, and neutrophil accumulation in the lung. Neutrophil numbers in the blood of MCP-1−/− mice were associated with G-CSF concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood. Bone marrow or resident cell–derived MCP-1 contributed to bacterial clearance, neutrophil accumulation, and cytokine/chemokine production in the lungs following infection. Furthermore, exogenous MCP-1 dose dependently increased neutrophil counts and G-CSF concentrations in the blood. Intriguingly, administration of intratracheal rG-CSF to MCP-1−/− mice after K. pneumoniae infection rescued survival, bacterial clearance and dissemination, and neutrophil influx in MCP-1−/− mice. Collectively, these novel findings unveil an unrecognized role of MCP-1 in neutrophil-mediated host immunity during K. pneumoniae pneumonia and illustrate that G-CSF could be used to rescue impairment in host immunity in individuals with absent or malfunctional MCP-1.
Overheating and Hospitals - What do we know?
Authors: Carmichael Catriona , Bickler Graham , Kovats Sari , Pencheon David , Murray Virginia , West Christopher , Doyle Yvonne 
Published: November 2012

Heatwaves have well described impacts on human health and wellbeing. Heatwaves also have impacts on hospitals. Patients, visitors, equipment, medication and IT systems have all been affected or compromised during episodes of extreme heat. High indoor temperatures are also of concern for the comfort, efficiency, and occupational health of staff. The Heatwave Plan for England describes actions to prepare for and be taken in the event of a heatwave. Advice for a hospital is so far limited and not evidence based. In this paper, we review what is currently known about the impacts of heatwaves on hospitals and identify several important information gaps. Improved responses to hot weather could improve patient care and staff comfort. If seen as part of a wider approach to sustainability, proper planning will also enable hospitals to reduce health care costs, increase efficiency and meet carbon reduction targets.
Conceptual Implicit Memory in Advertising Research
Authors: Northup Temple , Mulligan Neil 
Published: November 2012

SummaryA growing body of research examines the effect of advertising on implicit (unconscious or unintentional) forms of memory, in contrast with typical advertising research focusing on explicit (conscious or recollective) measures. This research primarily examines perceptual implicit memory, but conceptual implicit tests also have clear relevance for advertising research. The present experiments use a conceptual implicit test to determine if conceptual priming is obtained with brand materials and to assess the degree of explicit contamination (using a post‐test awareness questionnaire). The experiments first demonstrated that awareness is a threat to conceptual implicit measures within the advertising context. Steps were taken to reduce awareness, which were successful. Results suggest that brands can be conceptually primed when presented as text or as images but that awareness has to be accounted for as aware participants did show significantly more priming than those who were unaware (Experiment 3). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.