bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do core self‐evaluations and trait emotional intelligence predict subjective well‐being in dental students?
Authors: Montasem Alexander , Brown Stephen L. , Harris Rebecca 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe examined unique associations between surface personality traits of emotional intelligence, core self‐evaluations, and subjective well‐being in dental students. A cross‐sectional study of 218 undergraduates showed that trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) and core self‐evaluations (CSE) predicted subjective well‐being controlling the Big Five personality traits. Structural equation modeling showed that trait EI and the neuroticism component of CSE better predicted affective components of subjective well‐being, and cognitive CSE traits (self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, and locus of control) better predicted life satisfaction, the cognitive component of subjective well‐being. These findings demonstrate the utility of a parallel‐process approach that specifies differential prediction of cognitive and affective subjective well‐being components.
The role of self‐determination in the relationship between social support and physical activity intentions
Authors: George Matthew , Eys Mark A. , Oddson Bruce , Roy‐Charland Annie , Schinke Robert J. , Bruner Mark W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUsing the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (HMIEM) and self‐determination theory as theoretical frameworks, the purpose of the present study was to assess the role of motivation‐related variables in the relationship between perceptions of social support and intentions to be physically active. Undergraduate students completed surveys assessing perceptions of social support, psychological needs satisfaction, self‐determination, and future exercise intentions. Model fit with the data was examined and was considered acceptable, indicating that social support was positively related to the satisfaction of psychological needs, which, in turn, was related positively to self‐determination and then to physical activity intentions.
Evidence that periodontal treatment improves diabetes outcomes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Engebretson Steven , Kocher Thomas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractContextThe effect of periodontal therapy on diabetes outcomes has not been established.ObjectiveThis update examines the effect of periodontal treatment on diabetes outcomes.Data sourcesLiterature since October 2009 using MEDLINE.Study eligibility criteriaPublished RCTs including periodontal therapy for diabetic subjects, a metabolic outcome, an untreated control group, and follow‐up of 3 months.Data extractionPre‐defined data fields, including study quality indicators were used.Data synthesisA search revealed 56 publications of which 9 met inclusion criteria. Mean change of HbA1c from baseline was compared across treatment groups. Pooled analysis was based on random effects models.ResultsA meta‐analysis indicated a mean treatment effect of −0.36% HbA1c (CI −0.54, −0.19) compared to no treatment after periodontal therapy (p < 0.0001). Heterogeneity tests revealed only minimal evidence of publication bias (I2 = 9%).LimitationsSmall sample size and high risk of bias remain problematic for studies of this type. Periodontal therapy varied considerably.ConclusionThe modest reduction in HbA1c observed as a result of periodontal therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes is consistent with previous systematic reviews. Despite this finding, there is limited confidence in the conclusion due to a lack of multi‐centre trials of sufficient sample size are lacking.
Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases
Authors: Tonetti Maurizio S. , Van Dyke Thomas E. ,   working group 1 of the joint EFP/AAP workshop
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis consensus report is concerned with the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease caused by microorganisms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth supporting apparatus leading to tooth loss; as such, it is a major public health issue.AimsThis report examined biological plausibility, epidemiology and early results from intervention trials.PlausibilityPeriodontitis leads to entry of bacteria in the blood stream. The bacteria activate the host inflammatory response by multiple mechanisms. The host immune response favors atheroma formation, maturation and exacerbation.EpidemiologyIn longitudinal studies assessing incident cardiovascular events, statistically significant excess risk for ACVD was reported in individuals with periodontitis. This was independent of established cardiovascular risk factors. The amount of the adjusted excess risk varies by type of cardiovascular outcome and across populations by age and gender. Given the high prevalence of periodontitis, even low to moderate excess risk is important from a public health perspective.InterventionThere is moderate evidence that periodontal treatment: (i) reduces systemic inflammation as evidenced by reduction in C‐reactive protein (CRP) and improvement of both clinical and surrogate measures of endothelial function; but (ii) there is no effect on lipid profiles – supporting specificity. Limited evidence shows improvements in coagulation, biomarkers of endothelial cell activation, arterial blood pressure and subclinical atherosclerosis after periodontal therapy. The available evidence is consistent and speaks for a contributory role of periodontitis to ACVD. There are no periodontal intervention studies on primary ACVD prevention and there is only one feasibility study on secondary ACVD prevention.ConclusionsIt was concluded that: (i) there is consistent and strong epidemiologic evidence that periodontitis imparts increased risk for future cardiovascular disease; and (ii) while in vitro, animal and clinical studies do support the interaction and biological mechanism, intervention trials to date are not adequate to draw further conclusions. Well‐designed intervention trials on the impact of periodontal treatment on prevention of ACVD hard clinical outcomes are needed.
Sensitivity to Organic Acids In Vitro and In Situ of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli Isolated from Fresh Pork Sausages
Authors: de Ávila Amanda Rejane Alves , Marques Simone Cristina , Piccolli Roberta Hilsdorf , Schwan Rosane Freitas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe production of fresh pork sausages inoculated with different multi‐resistant bacterial strains, isolated from sausage commercially purchased from Brazil, was conducted to evaluate microbial inhibition by lactic acid. The isolates were identified through 16S rDNA region sequencing and the bacteria with antimicrobial multi‐resistance profiles were selected. The minimum bactericidal concentration was determined using lactic and acetic acids. Samples were contaminated by Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Paratyphi, Escherichia coli and high counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 21 of the 27 analyzed isolates (six Salmonella spp. and 21 E. coli). In the minimum bactericidal concentration test, lactic acid was more effective than acetic acid in the reduction of the bacterial population. The food matrix inoculated with two bacterial strains (E. coli, Salmonella spp.) was treated with lactic acid at the concentrations of 1.5 and 4.0 M and showed no significant effect on the bacterial population.Practical ApplicationFresh sausages are potential vehicles for pathogenic microorganisms, which are frequently associated with foodborne diseases. Organic acids have been used to improve the microbiological quality of food products including meat. Bacteria were isolated from fresh pork sausages and antibiotic resistance and susceptibility of lactic and acetic acids in vitro of the identified strains were tested. The best results were used to test the functionality in fresh pork sausages inoculated with Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. These results may be applied by local producers of fresh pork sausages.
An Optimization Study on the Ultrasonic Treatments for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Inactivation in Red Grape Juice with Maintaining Critical Quality Attributes
Authors: Nafar Maryam , Emam‐Djomeh Zahra , Yousefi Shima , Hashemi Ravan Mahnaz 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study was conducted to decrease Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell count and to maximize levels of quality characteristics in red grape juice during ultrasound process using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of three process parameters (considered as independent variables), namely temperature (25–50C), time (20–40 min) and frequency (0–135 Hz), on the yeast inactivation, total anthocyanin content (TAC), total color difference (TCD), antioxidant activity (AA), polymeric color content (PCC), pH, total titratable acidity (TTA) and total soluble solids (TSS) (considered as dependent variables) were studied based on RSM. The optimum operating conditions for the maximum yeast inactivation and the optimal juice quality characteristics were found to be frequency of 135.0 kHz, temperature of 30.9C and time of 40.0 min. In these conditions, the yeast inactivation, TAC, PCC, AA, TCD, pH, TTA and TSS were 1 cfu/mL, 808.0 mg/g, 67.85%, 0.94 mmol/L, 1.64, 3.47, 977.4 mg citric acid/100 mL and 20.04, respectively.Practical ApplicationsIn recent years, emerging nonthermal methods, such as ultrasound (US), for inactivating microorganisms have been developed in food industries to manufacture natural products. Red grape juice, due to the presence of anthocyanins and flavonoids, has many health‐promoting effects. As the nutritive and organoleptic characteristics of grapes decrease during storage and ripening periods because of their high susceptibility to pathogenic infection and physiological deterioration, the use of US method as a potential technology can inactive foodborne spoilage or pathogenic microorganisms and produce juices with organoleptic and nutritional qualities. Moreover, the optimization of US conditions enabled us to shorten the process duration and to reduce the production costs while maintaining the quality at a relatively high level.
Differences in energy and nutrient‐intake among Greek children between 1992/93 and 2006/07
Authors: Smpokos E. A. , Linardakis M. , Papadaki A. , Theodorou A. S. , Havenetidis K. , Kafatos A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is lack of data in Greece on the trends in energy and nutrient intake. The present study aimed to examine differences in these parameters among first‐grade children of Crete, Greece, between 1992/93 and 2006/07.MethodsChildren (aged 5.7–7.6 years) from two‐representative cross‐sectional samples participated during 1992/93 (n = 245) and 2006/07 (n = 257). Nutrient and food intakes were assessed using estimated 3‐day‐food records. Nutrient intakes were estimated as amounts per 4185 kJ (1000 kcal) of energy intake (EI), whereas macronutrients were estimated as percentage of total EI.ResultsBetween 1992/93 and 2006/07, respectively, significant increases (P < 0.05) were observed in the intake of energy (boys: 7996 versus 8646 kJ; girls: 7265 versus 7963 kJ), calcium (boys: 488 versus 587 mg; girls: 464 versus 594 mg), iron (boys: 5.8 versus 7.3 mg; girls: 5.7 versus 7.4 mg) and vitamins B2 (boys: 1.01 versus 1.17 mg; girls: 1.0 versus 1.16 mg) and B6 (boys: 0.80 versus 0.87 mg; girls: 0.75 versus 0.95 mg), for boys and girls, respectively. Among boys, the intake of protein (13.6 versus 14.6% of EI) and total trans fatty acids (TTFA) (0.84 versus 0.99 g) was also significantly lower in 1992/93 (P < 0.016). Between 1992/93 and 2006/07, total fat (boys: 42.9% versus 42.8%, girls: 42% versus 43.1%) and saturated fat (boys: 15.5% versus 15.4%, girls: 15% versus 15.3%) exceeded the 30–35% and <10% dietary recommendations, respectively, A significantly higher proportion of children in 2006/07, compared to 1992/93, had a higher intake of total energy (>120% of the recommended energy allowance).ConclusionsThe intake of several macronutrients (protein, TTFA, total and saturated fat) in this sample of children did not meet the recommended intakes in either time period.
Health Literacy and Women's Health: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Corrarino Jane E. 
Published: April 2013

IntroductionThis article describes the impact of health literacy on women's health and provides strategies for addressing this public health issue.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted of peer‐reviewed journals. Multiple electronic databases were used, including CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Key words were used to identify articles and were combined to include health literacy, health behavior, women's health, patient education, and professional role. Additional articles were identified as a result of reviewing reference lists found during the electronic search.ResultsHealth literacy is a complex issue that affects many women and can adversely affect women's knowledge, ability to adhere to clinical plans of care, and health outcomes for women and their children. It is estimated that 36% of adults in the United States possess limited health literacy skills. Effective strategies can be used by health care providers to address this serious problem, including clear and effective communication, development of health education materials, professional education, and development of community partnerships.DiscussionHealth literacy is a serious problem. Effective approaches can be employed to blunt the adverse effect on women's health. Health care providers are well positioned to demonstrate leadership within the health care system regarding health literacy.
Identification of PTC725, an Orally Bioavailable Small Molecule That Selectively Targets the Hepatitis C Virus NS4B Protein
Authors: Gu Zhengxian , Graci Jason D. , Lahser Frederick C. , Breslin Jamie J. , Jung Stephen P. , Crona James H. , McMonagle Patricia , Xia Ellen , Liu Shaotang , Karp Gary , Zhu Jin , Huang Song , Nomeir Amin , Weetall Marla , Almstead Neil G. , Peltz Stuart W. , Tong Xiao , Ralston Robert , Colacino Joseph M. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

While new direct-acting antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been approved, there is a continued need for novel antiviral agents that act on new targets and can be used in combination with current therapies to enhance efficacy and to restrict the emergence of drug-resistant viral variants. To this end, we have identified a novel class of small molecules, exemplified by PTC725, that target the nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B). PTC725 inhibited HCV 1b (Con1) replicons with a 50% effective concentration (EC
50
) of 1.7 nM and an EC
90
of 9.6 nM and demonstrated a >1,000-fold selectivity window with respect to cytotoxicity. The compounds were fully active against HCV replicon mutants that are resistant to inhibitors of NS3 protease and NS5B polymerase. Replicons selected for resistance to PTC725 harbored amino acid substitutions F98L/C and V105M in NS4B. Anti-replicon activity of PTC725 was additive to synergistic in combination with alpha interferon or with inhibitors of HCV protease and polymerase. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that neither the HCV inhibitors nor the F98C substitution altered the subcellular localization of NS4B or NS5A in replicon cells. Oral dosing of PTC725 showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with high liver and plasma exposure in mice and rats. Modeling of dosing regimens in humans indicates that a once-per-day or twice-per-day oral dosing regimen is feasible. Overall, the preclinical data support the development of PTC725 for use in the treatment of chronic HCV infection.
Candida glabrata Drug:H
+
Antiporter CgQdr2 Confers Imidazole Drug Resistance, Being Activated by Transcription Factor CgPdr1
Authors: Costa Catarina , Pires Carla , Cabrito Tânia R. , Renaudin Adeline , Ohno Michiyo , Chibana Hiroji , Sá-Correia Isabel , Teixeira Miguel C. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

The widespread emergence of antifungal drug resistance poses a severe clinical problem. Though predicted to play a role in this phenomenon, the drug:H
+
antiporters (DHA) of the major facilitator superfamily have largely escaped characterization in pathogenic yeasts. This work describes the first DHA from the pathogenic yeast
Candida glabrata
reported to be involved in antifungal drug resistance, the
C. glabrata QDR2
(
CgQDR2
) gene (ORF
CAGL0G08624g
). The expression of
CgQDR2
in
C. glabrata
was found to confer resistance to the antifungal drugs miconazole, tioconazole, clotrimazole, and ketoconazole. By use of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion, the CgQdr2 protein was found to be targeted to the plasma membrane in
C. glabrata
. In agreement with these observations,
CgQDR2
expression was found to decrease the intracellular accumulation of radiolabeled clotrimazole in
C. glabrata
and to play a role in the extrusion of this antifungal from preloaded cells. Interestingly, the functional heterologous expression of
CgQDR2
in the model yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
further confirmed the role of this gene as a multidrug resistance determinant: its expression was able to complement the susceptibility phenotype exhibited by its
S. cerevisiae
homologue,
QDR2
, in the presence of imidazoles and of the antimalarial and antiarrhythmic drug quinidine. In contrast to the findings reported for Qdr2, CgQdr2 expression does not contribute to the ability of yeast to grow under K
+
-limiting conditions. Interestingly,
CgQDR2
transcript levels were seen to be upregulated in
C. glabrata
cells challenged with clotrimazole or quinidine. This upregulation was found to depend directly on the transcription factor CgPdr1, the major regulator of multidrug resistance in this pathogenic yeast, which has also been found to be a determinant of quinidine and clotrimazole resistance in
C. glabrata
.
Mapping and Regulation of Genes within Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 12 That Contribute to
In Vivo
Fitness of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Tomljenovic-Berube Ana M. , Henriksbo Brandyn , Porwollik Steffen , Cooper Colin A. , Tuinema Brian R. , McClelland Michael , Coombes Brian K. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Salmonella
pathogenicity island 12 (SPI-12) of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium is a 15-kb region that encompasses genes
STM2230
to
STM2245
and encodes a remnant phage known to contribute to bacterial virulence. In mouse infection experiments and replication assays in macrophages, we demonstrated a role for four genes in SPI-12 for bacterial survival in the host. STM2239, a potential Q antiterminator, showed a prominent contribution to bacterial fitness. Transcriptional reporter experiments, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), and immunoblotting demonstrated that the virulence regulator SsrB and STM2239 contribute to transcriptional activation of genes in SPI-12. SsrB was found to indirectly regulate this locus by transcriptional read-through from the
sspH2
(
STM2241
) promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that STM2239 copurified with the promoter regulating
STM2237
, suggesting that STM2239 may function as an antiterminator to activate adjacent genes. These results demonstrate that bacteriophage genes may be adapted by pathogenic bacteria to improve fitness in the host.
Aspirin treatment and risk of first incident cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study from the Swedish National Diabetes Register
Authors: Ekström Nils , Cederholm Jan , Zethelius Björn , Eliasson Björn , Fhärm Eva , Rolandsson Olov , Miftaraj Mervete , Svensson Ann-Marie , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the benefits and risks associated with aspirin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and no previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) in clinical practice.DesignPopulation-based cohort study between 2005 and 2009, mean follow-up 3.9 years.SettingHospital outpatient clinics and primary care in Sweden.ParticipantsMen and women with type 2 diabetes, free from CVD, including atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure, at baseline, registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Register, with continuous low-dose aspirin treatment (n=4608) or no aspirin treatment (n=14 038).Main outcome measuresRisks of CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, mortality and bleedings, associated with aspirin compared with no aspirin, were analysed in all patients and in subgroups by gender and estimated cardiovascular risk. Propensity scores were used to adjust for several baseline risk factors and characteristics at Cox regression, and the effect of unknown covariates was evaluated in a sensitivity analysis.ResultsThere was no association between aspirin use and beneficial effects on risks of CVD or death. Rather, there was an increased risk of non-fatal/fatal CHD associated with aspirin; HR 1.19 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.41), p=0.04. The increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes associated with aspirin was seen when analysing women separately; HR 1.41 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.87), p=0.02, and HR 1.28 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.61), p=0.04, for CHD and CVD, respectively, but not for men separately. There was a trend towards increased risk of a composite of bleedings associated with aspirin, n=157; HR 1.41 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.99).ConclusionsThe results support the trend towards more restrictive use of aspirin in patients with type 2 diabetes and no previous CVD. More research is needed to explore the differences in aspirin's effects in women and men.
Heterogeneity of characteristics, structure, and dynamics of male andhijrasex workers in selected cities of Pakistan
Authors: Thompson Laura H , Salim Momina , Baloch Chaker Riaz , Musa Nighat , Reza Tahira , Dar Nosheen , Arian Shahzad , Blanchard James F , Emmanuel Faran 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundWe sought to describe the characteristics and operational dynamics of male sex workers (MSW) andhijrasex workers (HSWs) in 11 cities across Pakistan in 2011.MethodsWe report descriptive statistics of self-reported sexual behaviour data from cross-sectional mapping and biological and behavioural surveys conducted among 1431 MSWs and 1415 HSWs in four cities across Pakistan in 2011.ResultsWhile Karachi had the largest numbers of MSWs and HSWs, Quetta had the largest relative population sizes, with 3.6 MSWs per 1000 male adults and 3.3 HSWs per 1000 male adults. There was considerable variability in the proportion of HSWs who operate throughderas, ranging from 2.2% in Peshawar to 62.7% in Karachi. The number of HSWs perguruvaries by city, from 1.5 in Quetta to 16.5 HSWs perguruin Karachi. Among HSWs, the use of mobile phones for solicitation ranged from 37.6% in Quetta to 83% in Peshawar and among MSWs the use of mobile phones ranged from 27% in Karachi to 52% in Quetta. In Quetta, a large proportion of HSWs (41%) find clients throughgurus. Client volume tended to be higher among HSWs and among both MSWs and HSWs in Quetta and Peshawar. Condom use with clients was most consistent in Quetta, with 31% of MSWs and 41% of HSWs reporting always using condoms with clients. Peshawar had the greatest proportion reporting never using condoms.ConclusionsThere is considerable geographic heterogeneity in the characteristics and operational dynamics of MSWs and HSWs across Pakistan.