bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical climate awareness as a science education outcome
Authors: Clark Heather F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the argument that climate change should be taught in schools as a sociopolitical and scientific process, and that students should be able to use their science knowledge to think critically about climate change as a social justice issue. A necessary and achievable outcome of science education is critical climate awareness—an understanding of the systems and structures that create and sustain climate change inequities. Through a participatory design research partnership, a high school chemistry course was designed and studied that focused on this outcome. Data from a single group, mixed method pre/postdesign show how a group of Black and Latinx urban youth appropriated critical climate awareness from the curriculum they experienced and how they used this awareness to explain climate change as a scientific and sociopolitical process. The findings show that students became concerned about climate change, if they were not already, and that they improved their knowledge of scientific concepts specific to climate change. In their explanations of climate change, students foregrounded sociopolitical processes that result in changes to physical systems, assigned agency for carbon emissions to diverse social actors in ways attentive to power dynamics, and articulated differences in consequences and solutions based on the racial and socioeconomic demographics of communities. This work has implications for transforming science classrooms into incubators for climate justice.
3D Printing Photonic Crystals: A Review
Authors: Kang Youlong , Zhao Jing , Zeng Yi , Du Xin , Gu Zhongze 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLiving organisms in nature possess diverse and vibrant structural colors generated from their intrinsic surface micro/nanostructures. These intricate micro/nanostructures can be harnessed to develop a new generation of colorful materials for various fields such as photonics, information storage, display, and sensing. Recent advancements in the fabrication of photonic crystals have enabled the preparation of structurally colored materials with customized geometries using 3D printing technologies. Here, a comprehensive review of the historical development of fabrication methods for photonic crystals is provided. Diverse 3D printing approaches along with the underlying mechanisms, as well as the regulation methods adopted to generate photonic crystals with structural color, are discussed. This review aims to offer the readers an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art 3D printing techniques for photonic crystals, present a guide and considerations to fabricate photonic crystals leveraging different 3D printing methods.
Highly Transmittance, Mechanical, Thermally Stable Silver Nanowires Network Using ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Trinh Ly Thi , To Thi Tu Linh , Ko Pyeongsam , Woo Kyoohee , Kwon Sin , Rho Jinsung , Youn Hongseok 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research addresses challenges with silver nanowires (Ag NWs) as transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) and heaters in commercial devices. Here, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are first reported as a protective layer for Ag NWs. Multi‐physics simulations confirm enhanced thermal stability due to improved heat dissipation, temperature distribution, and thermal conductivity from ZnO. When Ag NWs are surrounded by air, heat transfers mainly through convection and radiation because of air's low conduction coefficient. Encasing Ag NWs in ZnO enhances heat transfer to the ZnO surface, accelerating cooling and dissipating more heat into the atmosphere via convection. The results show composite's efficiency in the Joule effect, maintaining a consistent temperature of 78 °C for 700 s after 500 bending cycles, a significant improvement over Ag NWs operating for only 5 s at 80 °C. Additionally, the composite film exhibited exceptional performance, including a sheet resistance of 9.8 Ω sq−1 and an optical transmittance of 96.96 %, outperforming Ag NWs, which have a sheet resistance of 12 Ω sq−1 and a transmittance of 94.11%. The combination of enhanced electrical, thermal, and mechanical stability, along with impressive optical properties, makes Ag NWs/ZnO NPs a promising candidate for transparent conductive electrode materials in various applications.
Battery‐Free, Wireless Multi‐Modal Sensor, and Actuator Array System for Pressure Injury Prevention
Authors: Han Hyeonseok , Park Hyunwoo , Cho Seokjoo , Lee Sung‐Uk , Choi Jungrak , Ha Ji‐Hwan , Park Jaeho , Jung Young , Kim Hyunjin , Ahn Junseong , Kwon Yeong Jae , Oh Yong Suk , Je Minkyu , Park Inkyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSimultaneous monitoring of critical parameters (e.g., pressure, shear, and temperature) at bony prominences is essential for the prevention of pressure injuries in a systematic manner. However, the development of wireless sensor array for accurate mapping of risk factors has been limited due to the challenges in the convergence of wireless technologies and wearable sensor arrays with a thin and small form factor. Herein, a battery‐free, wireless, miniaturized multi‐modal sensor array is introduced for continuous mapping of pressure, shear, and temperature at skin interfaces. The sensor array includes an integrated pressure and shear sensor consisting of 3D strain gauges and micromachined components. The mechanically decoupled design of the integrated sensor enables reliable data acquisition of pressure and shear at skin interfaces without the need for additional data processing. The sensor platform enables the analysis of interplay among localized pressure, shear, and temperature in response to changes in the patient's movement, posture, and bed inclination. The validation trials using a novel combination of wireless sensor arrays and customized pneumatic actuator demonstrate the efficacy of the platform in continuous monitoring and efficient redistribution of pressure and shear without repositioning, thereby improving the patient's quality of life.
Polystyrene Microplastics Induce Injury to the Vascular Endothelial Through NLRP3‐Mediated Pyroptosis
Authors: Huo Chuanyi , Zhu Ying , Fang Xiaoqi , Cui Jianwei , Ye Hui , Zhao Haotang , Ye Lin , Zhou Liting 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe health risks associated with microplastics have attracted widespread attention. Polystyrene microplastics (PS‐MPs) can induce damage to cardiac tissue, while pyroptosis‐mediated injury to the vascular endothelial plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The study intended to explore the role and mechanism of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) mediated pyroptosis in PS‐MPs causing the injury of vascular endothelial cells. In vivo, Wistar rats were exposed to 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg/d 0.5 μm PS‐MPs. In vitro, the human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for mechanistic studies. siRNA was used for silencing the NILRP3 gene. H&E staining and flow cytometry were performed to examine the vascular injury and cell membrane damage. The oxidative stress was detected by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and corresponding kits. ELISA were used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors. Real‐time PCR and western blot were used to measure the expression of pyroptosis signaling pathway. In rats, PS‐MPs could cause vascular damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response, and activated the pyroptosis signaling pathway. HUVECs exposure to PS‐MPs, the vitality decreased in a dose‐dependent manner, ROS and MDA were significantly increased while SOD was decreased. PS‐MPs induced the onset of pyroptosis signaling pathway in HUVECs. Cell membrane damage and the levels of IL‐Iβ and IL‐18 in HUVECs significantly increased, those are symbols for the development of pyroptosis. Inhibition of NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis effectively protected HUVECs from PS‐MPs‐induced damage. Pyroptosis played a vital role in controlling the vascular endothelial injury caused by PS‐MPs.
Genomic selection optimization in blueberry: Data‐driven methods for marker and training population design
Authors: Adunola Paul , Ferrão Luis Felipe V. , Benevenuto Juliana , Azevedo Camila F. , Munoz Patricio R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenomic prediction is a modern approach that uses genome‐wide markers to predict the genetic merit of unphenotyped individuals. With the potential to reduce the breeding cycles and increase the selection accuracy, this tool has been designed to rank genotypes and maximize genetic gains. Despite this importance, its practical implementation in breeding programs requires critical allocation of resources for its application in a predictive framework. In this study, we integrated genetic and data‐driven methods to allocate resources for phenotyping and genotyping tailored to genomic prediction. To this end, we used a historical blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosun L.) breeding dataset containing more than 3000 individuals, genotyped using probe‐based target sequencing and phenotyped for three fruit quality traits over several years. Our contribution in this study is threefold: (i) for the genotyping resource allocation, the use of genetic data‐driven methods to select an optimal set of markers slightly improved prediction results for all the traits; (ii) for the long‐term implication, we carried out a simulation study and emphasized that data‐driven method results in a slight improvement in genetic gain over 30 cycles than random marker sampling; and (iii) for the phenotyping resource allocation, we compared different optimization algorithms to select training population, showing that it can be leveraged to increase predictive performances. Altogether, we provided a data‐oriented decision‐making approach for breeders by demonstrating that critical breeding decisions associated with resource allocation for genomic prediction can be tackled through a combination of statistics and genetic methods.
Breast cancer screening and early detection programs in Iran: A health policy analysis and recommendations
Authors: Dolatshahi Zeinab , Dehkordi Pouran Raeissi , Gorji Hassan Abolghasem , Hashemi Seyed Massoud , Reisi Nahid , Khalilabad Toraj Harati 
Published: August 2024

AbstractScreening and early detection programs for breast cancer (BC) have significantly reduced mortality rates and enhanced survival rates globally. Breast cancer screening programs in low‐ and middle‐income countries like Iran need improvement. This study examines Iran's breast cancer screening and early detection (BCSED) policies, employing the Policy Triangle Model in two phases: a review of 27 documents including various related sources related of policies and strategies, followed by 20 semi‐structured interviews across four distinct levels: policy, regional, clinical, and community levels. Content analysis for documents and MAXQDA2020 software for the second phase were used, and findings integrated. In our analysis of 27 national documents and 20 interviews, we found 10 themes, 19 sub‐themes, and 42 specific codes across four dimensions of the mentioned framework. Main themes in the context dimension covered deficient interactions, deficiency in knowledge management, cultural challenges, and socioeconomic challenges. From the analysis of 27 national documents, we recognized service excellence schemes, personal health encouragement, and service levels. Policy formulation and monitoring and evaluation emerged as central themes for the process dimension, while stakeholder challenges were prominent in the actors' dimension. BCSED programs are multifactorial issues. Proposed strategies to address these issues include the dedicated funds for BC prevention programs, strengthening the Ministry of Health's stewardship role, elevating public awareness, and conducting systematic screening trials in select cities to provide valuable national evidence for future policymaking.
A Structural, Spectroscopic and DFT Theoretical Comparison of the cis and trans Isomers of a Cyclohexasilane
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Gerardo Antonio , González León Roberto Andrés , Hadlington Terrance J. , Antony Jürgen H. , Camacho Cristopher , Ballestero‐Martínez Ernesto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe report a synthesis of the trans and cis isomers of 1,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6‐octamethyl‐1,4‐diphenylcyclohexasilane (3), together with the solid‐state structure of cis‐3. Both isomers were characterized using multinuclear NMR and UV spectroscopies and were compared based on these data, together with DFT calculations. Remarkably, we found that both isomers of 3 showcase redshifted UV maxima when compared with other known cyclosilanes. To explain this, the theoretical calculations show that the transitions involved in the excited states of trans‐3 and cis‐3 have, in addition to the expected σ conjugation component of the Si6 ring, significant π contributions of phenyl substituents. The results presented herein show the effect of the substituent's electronic properties regarding reactivity of intermediates, reaction yield, identity, and electronic properties of novel silicon‐containing molecules.
A Method and Device for Tunnel Defect Detection Based on Image Automatic Collection and 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Deng Xufang , Zhou Zheng , Chen Zhenghu , Xu Yi , Cai Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLong-distance tunnels are essential hydraulic structures that guarantee the safe operation and optimal performance of engineering projects. Monitoring the operational status of tunnels through regular inspections is crucial to promptly detect defects such as seepage, collapses, and damages. This proactive approach prevents structural instability, damages, and blockages, ensuring the safe and stable operation of engineering projects. Water conveyance tunnels are typically long-distance, enclosed spaces with no illumination and no satellite navigation signals. Traditional manual inspection methods suffer from low efficiency, poor accuracy, and high safety risks. The tunnel defect detection method based on image automatic collection and 3D reconstruction addresses these challenges. It enables rapid inspections during flood periods and comprehensive examinations during dry seasons, adapting to the tunnel's water conditions. This method facilitates unmanned intelligent inspections of long-distance tunnels, three-dimensional visualization, and multi-period comparative analysis of defects, offering vast prospects for widespread application. Finally, the proposed method and device were experimentally applied in a practical engineering drainage tunnel to demonstrate their effectiveness and reliability.
Surface Settlement Induced by Excavation of Double-Line Shield Tunnel
Authors: Zhao Mingzhe , Wang Haifeng , Zhang Jiaxin , Ji Xiaoyi , Zhang Jiahao , Liu Yao , Li Yaxiu , Xing Bowen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the construction of the Harbin Metro Line 3 twin-bore tunnel project, the ABAQUS numerical simulation method was employed to investigate the impact of various grouting thicknesses, burial depth ratios, tunnel spacing, and excavation pressures on the geological conditions of the project. Corresponding construction control measures were proposed. The study revealed: (1) Grouting thickness is inversely proportional to ground settlement, with an optimal thickness of 0.3 m; (2) Lateral ground settlement increases with an increasing depth ratio, showing an initial increase followed by a decrease, closely related to soil arching effects; (3) As the distance (L) between two parallel tunnels increases, the peak ground settlement of the left and right tunnels decreases. Smaller tunnel spacing leads to stronger mutual interactions, resulting in a “V”-shaped settlement deformation within the overlapping disturbance zone. When the tunnel spacing is sufficiently large, the mutual interference between the two tunnels diminishes, and the ground settlement deformation is considered the superimposition of two independent tunnel settlements, forming a “W”-shaped settlement trench; (4) Excavation pressure exceeds the static soil pressure, causing soil disturbance, leading to an uplift of the soil in front of the tunnel face and an expansion of the plastic zone in the surrounding soil, ultimately resulting in increased subsequent surface settlement.
Effect of Iron Tailings Fine Powder as Admixture on the Properties of Cement Mortar and Concrete
Authors: Tai Wei , Tong Xiaogen , Zhang Kaifeng , Luo Zuoqiu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe paper conducts feasibility tests on iron tailings fine powder as concrete mineral admixture, and compares its performance with traditional admixture fly ash and ground limestone powder to make effective use of stone powder resources. The fluidity and mechanical properties of cement mortar of the three admixtures are respectively tested. And the influence on compressive strength, shrinkage and chloride penetration resistance of C30, C35 and C40 concrete under different curing conditions. The results show that the chemical composition of iron tailings is similar to that of fly ash and belongs to siliceous powder. The 1, 2 and 3 h mobility losses of iron tailings and fly ash are similar, but higher than those of limestone powder. The mortar strength of the first three admixtures at 14d age is close to that of the other two admixtures at 14–60d age, and the activity index and strength change with age are consistent. Under different curing conditions, the compressive strength of the three kinds of admixture concrete is as follows: fly ash concrete > iron tailings powder concrete > limestone powder concrete; The addition of iron tailings is beneficial to improve the shrinkage performance and chloride ion penetration resistance of concrete, and can play a role in filling the micro-pore structure, which has the technical feasibility as an inert admixture.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Erosive Solution on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Fiber Reinforced Cemented Soil
Authors: Xu Lina , Gomba Tatenda Kelvin , Niu Lei , Song Daohan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany erosive environments, such as acidic or various salts, can cause damage to structures like roads, tunnels, and buildings. Various tests were conducted to investigate how the strength of cemented soil is affected by different soaking periods, types of saline solutions, and fibers. Samples including and excluding basalt fibers were tested in water, acid, and salt solutions for 1, 8, 19, 39, and 54 days. The results show that the strength of cemented soil soaked in clear water gradually increases with the increase of maintenance days, which is the development law of strength of cemented soil. As the soaking time increases, the unconfined compressive strength of soil samples soaked in acidic and salt environments gradually decreases. The addition of fiber to cemented soil slightly increases its strength compared to soil without fiber in the same solution concentration. This suggests that fiber has a distinct role in protecting cemented soil from erosion caused by erosive solutions.
A systematic investigation on dark matter-electron scattering in effective field theories
Authors: Liang Jin-Han , Liao Yi , Ma Xiao-Dong , Wang Hao-Lin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we systematically investigate the general dark matter-electron interactions within the framework of effective field theories (EFTs). We consider both the non-relativistic (NR) EFT and the relativistic EFT descriptions of the interactions with the spin of dark matter (DM) up to one, i.e., the scalar (ϕ), fermion (χ), and vector (X) DM scenarios. We first collect the leading-order NR EFT operators describing the DM-electron interactions, and construct especially the NR operators for the vector DM case. Next, we consider all possible leading-order relativistic EFT operators including those with a photon field and perform the NR reduction to match them onto the NR EFT. Then we rederive the DM-bound-electron scattering rate within the NR EFT framework and find that the matrix element squared, which is the key input that encodes the DM and atomic information, can be compactly decomposed into three terms. Each term is a product of a DM response function (a0,1,2), which is essentially a factor of Wilson coefficients squared, and its corresponding generalized atomic response function $$ \left({\overset{\sim }{W}}_{0,1,2}\right) $$

W
~

0
,
1
,
2

. Lastly, we employ the electron recoil data from the DM direct detection experiments (including XENON10, XENON1T, and PandaX-4T) to constrain all the non-relativistic and relativistic operators in all three DM scenarios. We set strong bounds on the DM-electron interactions in the sub-GeV region. Particularly, we find that the latest PandaX-4T S2-only data provide stringent constraints on dark matter with a mass greater than approximately 20 MeV, surpassing those from the previous XENON10 and XENON1T experiments.
More on spin-2 operators in holographic quantum mechanics
Authors: Zhang Shuo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the spectrum, unitarity bound and holographic central charge of spin-2 operators in a warped AdS2 × S2 × T4 × $$ {\mathcal{I}}_{\psi } $$

I
ψ

× $$ {\mathcal{I}}_{\rho } $$

I
ρ

background in the Type IIB theory. We were able to identify a class of solutions that is completely independent of the functions that define the background solution. We comment on the relation of our results to the previous ones in the literature.
Monge solutions for discontinuous Hamilton-Jacobi equations in Carnot groups
Authors: Essebei Fares , Giovannardi Gianmarco , Verzellesi Simone 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study Monge solutions to stationary Hamilton–Jacobi equations associated to discontinuous Hamiltonians in the framework of Carnot groups. After showing the equivalence between Monge and viscosity solutions in the continuous setting, we prove existence and uniqueness for the Dirichlet problem, together with a comparison principle and a stability result.