bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety assessment of a novel active ingredient, acetyl aspartic acid, according to the EU Cosmetics Regulation and the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety guidelines
Authors: Daly P. , Moran G. 
Published: June 2015

SynopsisObjectiveAcetyl aspartic acid (A‐A‐A) was proposed as a new novel active ingredient for use in cosmetics. The safety of A‐A‐A was assessed by following an in‐house‐developed ‘New Ingredient Testing Strategy’, which was designed in accordance with the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) notes of guidance and the requirements of Annex I of the EU Cosmetics Regulation. The aim of the project was to determine whether A‐A‐A was safe for use in cosmetics and to determine a maximum permitted safe level in the formulations.MethodsA literature review was conducted, consulting over 40 different information sources. This highlighted a number of gaps which required testing data. A‐A‐A was tested for phototoxicity according to OECD test guideline 432, skin irritation according to OECD test guideline 439 and eye irritation according to OECD test guideline 437. Dermal absorption of A‐A‐A was measured according to OECD test guideline 428 and was used to calculate the margin of safety (MoS). Finally, A‐A‐A was tested in a human repeat insult patch test (HRIPT) and a 14‐day in‐use tolerance study.ResultsA‐A‐A was non‐phototoxic and was non‐irritating to skin and eyes in in vitro testing. Dermal absorption was calculated to be 5%. The MoS for A‐A‐A was 351, at a level of 5%, for all cosmetic product types, indicating no systemic safety toxicity concern. A‐A‐A at 5% under occlusive patch on a panel of 50 adult volunteers induced no skin irritation or allergic reaction in the HRIPT study. Finally, repeated application of A‐A‐A to the periocular area, twice per day for 14 days, in 21 female volunteers, demonstrated that 1% A‐A‐A was well tolerated following dermatological and ophthalmological assessment in a cosmetic formulation.ConclusionA‐A‐A was assessed as safe by the cosmetic safety assessor for use in cosmetics at a level of 5% in all cosmetic product types, in line with the requirements of the EU Cosmetics Regulation and in accordance with the SCCS notes of guidance.
Method for quantification of oils and sebum levels on skin using the Sebumeter®
Authors: Crowther J. M. 
Published: June 2015

SynopsisObjectiveThe Sebumeter® is widely used in both cosmetic and medical research, for measuring changes in sebum levels on skin. It is commonly reported that the units correlated to a mass of sebum on the skin in μg cm−2; however, validation for this has not been published. Also, its use for assessing the presence of other oily materials which are widely utilized in topical skincare products on skin has not been widely discussed. Determining a calibration scale and whether the response of the device is linear with the level of oils present enables quantification of the output of the device, and would validate the device for claims substantiation.MethodsDifferent doses of a variety of oily materials (paraffin oil, white soft paraffin, capric‐caprylic triglyceride, 350cSt silicone fluid and synthetic sebum) were applied to skin, and the Sebumeter® used to collect and quantify them. The mass per square centimetre of the oily material delivered to the skin was then compared to the Sebumeter® output to develop calibration curves for the different materials. Measurements were carried out on a single volunteer as this work was to verify the concept of quantitative oil assessment using the device.ResultsA linear correlation between the mass of the oily material and the Sebumeter® output was seen for all the materials tested. However, the absolute response of the device was different for each material, and the output values did not directly give the mass of material on the skin in μg cm−2. As part of the calibration, it was also demonstrated that to remove all the oily material from a given area of the skin required multiple 30‐s applications of the Sebumeter® cartridge.ConclusionsThe Sebumeter® is a precise analytical instrument capable of quantitative measurement of deposition of oily materials onto skin from topical products (down to the μg cm−2 level), as well as its traditional use of measuring sebum levels. However, the output values do not directly correlate with the mass of oil present, and generation of a calibration curve is necessary for any ingredient of interest to produce quantitative data for claim support and formulation development.
Independent association between glycated hemoglobin and arterial stiffness in healthy men
Authors: Noh Jin‐Won , Kim Eun‐Jung , Seo Hyun‐Ju , Kim Soo Geun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionMany studies have reported that high levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Many researchers have not studied the association of HbA1c with various subclinical atherosclerosis phenotypes. We evaluated the impact of HbA1c on arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis in healthy Korean healthy men.Materials and MethodsThe study population included healthy adult men who participated in health check‐ups. All participants fasted for at least 8 h before taking the blood sample for fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride. Arterial stiffness was measured using brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity. Hierarchical regression analysis allowed us to determine the relationship between brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease.ResultsAge and HbA1c were significantly related to baPWV, in model 1. In model 2, blood pressure was added to model 1. Systolic blood pressure was a more significant variable, which was more affected on baPWVthan diastolic blood pressure. In the case of model 3, we included all variables regarding arterial stiffness. According to model 3, the most explainable variable was age, and then systolic blood pressure, body mass index and triglyceride, respectively.ConclusionsWe analyzed the associations between HbA1c, which is one of the risk factors, and arterial stiffness independently. An arterial stiffness measurement using baPWVcan show the level of severity of the arteriosclerosis. When the level of stiffness has been increased, we could assume that the risk of arteriosclerosis would be increased. It can also be related to the increase of the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Fine Structure and Molecular Phylogeny of Parametopidium circumlabens (Ciliophora: Armophorea), Endocommensal of Sea Urchins
Authors: da Silva‐Neto Inácio Domingos , da Silva Paiva Thiago , do Nascimento Borges Bárbara , Harada Maria Lúcia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMetopid armophoreans are ciliates commonly found in anaerobic environments worldwide; however, very little is known of their fine structure. In this study, the metopid Parametopidium circumlabens (Biggar and Wenrich 1932) Aescht, 1980, a common endocommensal of sea urchins, is investigated for the first time with emphasis on transmission electron microscopy, revealing several previously unknown elements of its morphology. Somatic dikinetids of P. circumlabens have a typical ribbon of transverse microtubules, an isolated microtubule near triplets 4 and 5 of the anterior kinetosome, plus two other microtubules between anterior and posterior kinetosomes, a short kinetodesmal striated fiber and long postciliary microtubules. In the dikinetids of the perizonal stripe, the kinetodesmal fiber is very pronounced, and there is a conspicuous microfibrillar network system associated with the kinetosomes. A new structure, shaped as a dense, roughly cylindrical mass surrounded by microtubules, is found associated with the posterior kinetosome of perizonal dikinetids. The paroral membrane is diplostichomonad and the adoral membranelles are of the “paramembranelle” type. Bayesian inference and maximum‐likelihood analysis of the 18S‐rDNA gene unambiguously placed P. circumlabens as sister group of the cluster formed by ((Atopospira galeata, Atopospira violacea) Metopus laminarius) + Clevelandellida, corroborating its classification within the Metopida.
Sarcocystis rommeli, n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from Cattle (Bos taurus) and its Differentiation from Sarcocystis hominis
Authors: Dubey Jitender P. , Moré Gastón , van Wilpe Erna , Calero‐Bernal Rafael , Verma Shiv K. , Schares Gereon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCattle (Bos taurus) are intermediate hosts for three named species of Sarcocystis, S. cruzi, S. hirsuta, and S. hominis. Recently, a fourth species was identified and named S. sinensis. However, S. sinensis originally named a species of Sarcocystis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in China. Based on unverifiable evidence, it was suggested that the same parasite infects cattle. In addition, S. sinensis was recently declared as nomen nudum because its naming violated the rules of International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Thus, the fourth species using cattle as an intermediate host does not have a valid name. Here, we propose a new name, Sarcocystis rommeli for the S. sinensis‐like parasite from cattle in Argentina, and differentiate it ultrastructurally from S. hominis sarcocysts from experimentally infected cattle. Sarcocystis rommeli sarcocysts were microscopic with a 5‐μm‐thick wall with slender villar protrusions (Vp); the Vp were up to 5 μm long, up to 0.5 μm wide, and of uneven thickness, often bent at an angle. The ground substance layer (Gs) was up to 0.8 μm thick and smooth. Vesicular structures were seen at the base of the Vp. The bradyzoites were 10–12 μm long. Sarcocystis hominis sarcocysts had Vp that were often upright, up to 7.5 μm long, and up to 1.8 μm wide; the Gs was up to 2 μm thick and without vesicles. Its sarcocyst wall was up to 5.6 μm thick, the vp were bent at an angle, up to 5.8 μm long, the Gs was up to 2 μm thick, but without vesicles seen in S. rommeli. Beef containing sarcocysts of S. rommeli was not orally infectious for two human volunteers and a red fox (Vulpes vulpes). The Sarcocystis described here is molecularly different from S. cruzi, S. hirsuta, and S. hominis based on 18S rRNA and cox1 gene sequences.
Tesmilifene modifies brain endothelial functions and opens the blood–brain/blood–glioma barrier
Authors: Walter Fruzsina R. , Veszelka Szilvia , Pásztói Mária , Péterfi Zoltán A. , Tóth András , Rákhely Gábor , Cervenak László , Ábrahám Csongor S. , Deli Mária A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTesmilifene, a tamoxifen analog with antihistamine action, has chemopotentiating properties in experimental and clinical cancer studies. In our previous works, tesmilifene increased the permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in animal and culture models. Our aim was to investigate the effects of tesmilifene on brain microvessel permeability in the rat RG2 glioma model and to reveal its mode of action in brain endothelial cells. Tesmilifene significantly increased fluorescein extravasation in the glioma. Short‐term treatment with tesmilifene reduced the resistance and increased the permeability for marker molecules in a rat triple co‐culture BBB model. Tesmilifene also affected the barrier integrity in brain endothelial cells co‐cultured with RG2 glioblastoma cells. Tesmilifene inhibited the activity of P‐glycoprotein and multidrug resistance‐associated protein‐1 efflux pumps and down‐regulated the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins, efflux pumps, solute carriers, and metabolic enzymes important for BBB functions. Among the possible signaling pathways that regulate BBB permeability, tesmilifene activated the early nuclear translocation of NFκB. The MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt kinase pathways were also involved. We demonstrate for the first time that tesmilifene increases permeability marker molecule extravasation in glioma and inhibits efflux pump activity in brain endothelial cells, which may have therapeutic relevance.image
Tesmilifene, a chemopotentiator in experimental and clinical cancer studies increases vascular permeability in RG2 glioma in rats and permeability for marker molecules in a culture model of the blood–brain barrier. Tesmilifene inhibits the activity of efflux pumps and down‐regulates the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins, transporters, and metabolic enzymes important for the blood–brain barrier functions, which may have therapeutic relevance.
New diagnostic criteria and operative strategy for cesarean scar syndrome: Endoscopic repair for secondary infertility caused by cesarean scar defect
Authors: Tanimura Satoshi , Funamoto Hiroshi , Hosono Takashi , Shitano Yasushi , Nakashima Masao , Ametani Yuka , Nakano Takashi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of endoscopic repair for secondary infertility caused by post‐cesarean scar defect (PCSD). Our investigation focused on the validity of new diagnostic criteria and selection methods.Material and MethodsThe subjects were 22 women with secondary infertility due to PCSD with retention of bloody fluid in the uterine cavity. Women with a residual myometrial thickness of ≥2.5 mm and an anteflexed or straight uterus underwent hysteroscopic surgery, while all others underwent laparoscopic repair. Hysteroscopic surgery involved resection and coagulation of scarred areas, whereas laparoscopic surgery involved removal of scarred areas combined with hysteroscopy, followed by resuturing.ResultsFourteen of the 22 women (63.6%) who were followed up for ≥1 year after surgery achieved pregnancy. Pregnancies occurred in all four women (100%) who underwent hysteroscopic surgery and in 10 of the 18 women (55.6%) who underwent laparoscopic surgery. Three out of four women who underwent hysteroscopic surgery had term deliveries. Among the women who underwent laparoscopic surgery, five had term deliveries. No cases of uterine rupture were experienced, and the delivery method was cesarean section in all cases.ConclusionWe propose that infertility associated with PCSD, cesarean scar syndrome, is caused by the retention of bloody fluid in the uterine cavity and scarring. Endoscopic treatment, such as hysteroscopy or laparoscopy, was effective for cesarean scar syndrome.
Placental autotaxin expression is diminished in women with pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Ichikawa Mayuko , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Schust Danny J. , Kawai‐Iwasawa Yuki , Kawana Kei , Yamashita Takahiro , Osuga Yutaka , Aoki Junken , Yatomi Yutaka , Fujii Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a member of a new class of lipid mediators and exerts varied physiological and pathological functions. The secreted protein, autotaxin (ATX), is a key enzymatic determinant of local LPA production. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the potential involvement of the placental ATX–LPA system in pre‐eclampsia (PE).Material and MethodsWe compared human placental ATX mRNA expression in pregnancies complicated by severe PE with that in healthy placentas using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. We further assessed whether these expression levels were associated with disease‐onset patterns.ResultsPlacental transcription of ATX increased progressively during normal pregnancy. In the analysis for pre‐eclamptic placentas, the placental ATX expression in the early‐onset group, but not in late‐onset group, was significantly lower compared to normal controls. Multiple regression analysis revealed that occurrence of early‐onset PE, but not late‐onset PE, was a variable that was significantly associated with the placental ATX expression level.ConclusionThese findings support our previous work showing reduced ATX antigen levels in the peripheral blood of pre‐eclamptic women. A disturbance in placental ATX production may be linked to poor placental development and systemic maternal symptoms in early‐onset PE.
Primary vaginal sarcoma: Experience of a regional cancer center in China
Authors: Wang Yin , Huang Yong‐Wen , Li Yan‐Fang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical characteristics of primary vaginal sarcoma, which is a rare malignancyMethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of eight patients with primary vaginal sarcoma treated at Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Centre from 1997 to 2012.ResultsEight patients aged ≥17 years were identified (four had leiomyosarcoma, two had endometrial stromal sarcoma, one had undifferentiated sarcoma, and one had adenosarcoma). Four patients had stage I disease, one had stage II, and three had stage IV. Five patients with stage I or II tumor received surgery of mainly local wide excision. One of the five patients received postoperative radiation plus chemotherapy and two had postoperative chemotherapy only. Three of the four stage I patients who had low‐grade tumors and received wide local excision were alive without disease at 21, 53, and 81 months, respectively. One stage I patient with a high‐grade tumor received simple tumor excision only and died of the disease at 20 months. The patient with stage II disease was lost to follow up. The three stage IV patients received radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy and all died within 2 years.ConclusionsSurgery is the main treatment for primary vaginal sarcoma. Prognosis may be associated with tumor grade and stage.
The Winding Paths of the Lonesome Cowboy: Evidence for Mutual Influences Between Personality, Subjective Health, and Loneliness
Authors: Mund Marcus , Neyer Franz J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPrior research demonstrated influences of personality traits and their development on later status of subjective health and loneliness. In the present study, we intended to extend these findings by examining mutual influences between health‐related characteristics and personality traits and their development over time. German adults were assessed at two time points across 15 years (NT1 = 654, NT2 = 271; Mage at Time 1 = 24.39, SD = 3.69). Data were analyzed with multivariate structural equation models and a multivariate latent change model. Neuroticism was found to predict later levels and the development of subjective health and loneliness. While subjective health likewise predicted later levels of Neuroticism, loneliness was found to be predictive of later levels as well as the development of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness. Correlated changes indicated that developing a socially more desirable personality is associated with slower declines in subjective health and slower increases in loneliness. The findings indicate that characteristics related to an individual's health are reciprocally associated with personality traits. Thus, the study adds to the understanding of the development of personality and health‐related characteristics.
Beyond positivism: Understanding and addressing childhood obesity disparities through a Critical Theory perspective
Authors: Schroeder Krista , Kulage Kristine M. , Lucero Robert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeWe apply Critical Theory to examine menu labeling with the aim of uncovering important implications for nursing practice, research, and policy.ConclusionsOur critical analysis uncovers barriers to menu labeling's effectiveness, particularly for vulnerable populations. Nurses must work to minimize the impact of these barriers and optimize the effectiveness of menu labeling, in order to strengthen the fight against obesity.Practice ImplicationsWe suggest changes, guided by this critical analysis, which can be implemented by nurses working in clinical practice, research, and policy.
Transitioning home: A four‐stage reintegration hospital discharge program for adolescents hospitalized for eating disorders
Authors: Dror Sima , Kohn Yoav , Avichezer Mazal , Sapir Benjamin , Levy Sharon , Canetti Laura , Kianski Ela , Zisk‐Rony Rachel Yaffa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeTreatment for adolescents with eating disorders (ED) is multidimensional and extends after hospitalization. After participating in a four‐step reintegration plan, treatment success including post‐discharge community and social reintegration were examined from perspectives of patients, family members, and healthcare providers.Design and MethodsSix pairs of patients and parents, and seven parents without their children were interviewed 2 to 30 months following discharge.ResultsAll but two adolescents were enrolled in, or had completed school. Five worked in addition to school, and three completed army or national service. Twelve were receiving therapeutic care in the community.Practice ImplicationsAdolescents with ED can benefit from a systematic reintegration program, and nurses should incorporate this into care plans.
Basal sympathetic predominance in periodic limb movements in sleep with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Wu Meng‐Ni , Lai Chiou‐Lian , Liu Ching‐Kuan , Yen Chen‐Wen , Liou Li‐Min , Hsieh Cheng‐Fang , Tsai Ming‐Ju , Chen Sharon C.‐J. , Hsu Chung‐Yao 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBecause the impact of periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) is controversial, no consensus has been reached on the therapeutic strategy for PLMS in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). To verify the hypothesis that PLMS is related to a negative impact on the cardiovascular system in OSA patients, this study investigated the basal autonomic regulation by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Sixty patients with mild‐to‐moderate OSA who underwent polysomnography (PSG) and completed sleep questionnaires were analysed retrospectively and divided into the PLMS group (n = 30) and the non‐PLMS group (n = 30). Epochs without any sleep events or continuous effects were evaluated using HRV analysis. No significant difference was observed in the demographic data, PSG parameters or sleep questionnaires between the PLMS and non‐PLMS groups, except for age. Patients in the PLMS group had significantly lower normalized high frequency (n‐HF), high frequency (HF), square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of difference between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD) and standard deviation of all normal to normal intervals index (SDNN‐I), but had a higher normalized low frequency (n‐LF) and LF/HF ratio. There was no significant difference in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Short‐Form 36 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale between the two groups. After adjustment for confounding variables, PLMS remained an independent predictor of n‐LF (β = 0.0901, P = 0.0081), LF/HF ratio (β = 0.5351, P = 0.0361), RMSSD (β = −20.1620, P = 0.0455) and n‐HF (β = −0.0886, P = 0.0134). In conclusion, PLMS is related independently to basal sympathetic predominance and has a potentially negative impact on the cardiovascular system of OSA patients.