bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translocation from nuclei to cytoplasm is necessary for anti A‐PCD activity and turnover of the Type II IAP BcBir1
Authors: Shlezinger Neta , Israeli Maayan , Mochly Elad , Oren‐Young Liat , Zhu Wenjun , Sharon Amir 
Published: October 2015

SummaryType II inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) belong to a subgroup of IAP‐related proteins. While IAPs are restricted to animals, Type II IAPs are found in other phyla, including fungi. BcBir1, a Type II IAP from Botrytis cinerea has anti apoptotic‐like programmed cell death (A‐PCD) activity, which is important for pathogenicity of this fungus. Here we report on the role of sub‐cellular localization of BcBir1 in protein turnover and anti A‐PCD activity. Expression of BcBir1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae had no effect on sensitivity of the yeast cells to A‐PCD‐inducing conditions, whereas expression of a truncated N' part reduced sensitivity of the cells to these conditions. The full‐length BcBir1 protein was detected only in the yeast nucleus, whereas the N' part was observed both in the nucleus and cytoplasm. In B. cinerea, BcBir1 was mainly nuclear under optimal conditions, whereas under A‐PCD‐inducing conditions it shuttled to the cytoplasm and then it was completely degraded. Collectively, our results show that anti A‐PCD activity of BcBir1 occurs in the cytoplasm, the C′ end mediates regulation of steady state level of BcBir1 in the nucleus, and the N' end mediates anti A‐PCD activity as well as fast degradation of BcBir1 in the cytoplasm.
Mesenchymal stem cells as novel micro‐ribonucleic acid delivery vehicles in kidney disease
Authors: Yao Kevin , Ricardo Sharon D 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single strands of RNA responsible for post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Emerging evidence reports that miRNAs can reduce kidney fibrosis through regulation of targets associated with collagen and extracellular matrix accumulation. However, the development of miRNA therapies has been hampered by the lack of targeted and sustainable methods of systemic miRNA delivery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide a promising miRNA delivery platform to overcome toxicity, the potential for insertional mutations and the low efficiency of previous methods. MSCs are endogenously immunoprivileged and home to sites of inflammation. They also release trophic growth factors to modulate the immune system, alter the polarization of macrophages and provide renal protection and repair. The potential to engineer MSCs to express or overexpress miRNAs, released by exosomes, may enhance their natural functions. Clinical studies are already being conducted individually for the use of miRNAs in cancer and MSCs in diseases associated with CKD. Hence, the combination of miRNAs and MSCs may provide an unparalleled cell‐based therapy for treating CKD.
Changes in hydration following haemodialysis estimated with bioimpedance spectroscopy
Authors: El‐Kateb Sally , Davenport Andrew 
Published: October 2015

Summary at a GlanceEstimation of target or ideal body weight may be assisted by measurements of bioimpedance. This study used a three‐compartmental model to evaluate whether a single pre‐dialysis measurement might be sufficient to aid target weight assessment and notes that variability in measures in ‘over‐hydration status’ pre‐dialysis was not predictive of actual weight changes limiting its utility.
Objectivism about Color and Comparative Color Statements. Reply to Hansen*
Authors: Gómez‐Torrente Mario 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNat Hansen builds a new argument for subjectivism about the semantics of color language, based on a potential kind of intersubjective disagreements about comparative color statements. In reply, I note that the disagreements of this kind are merely hypothetical, probably few if actual, and not evidently relevant as test cases for a semantic theory. Furthermore, even if they turned out to be actual and semantically relevant, they would be intuitively unusable by the subjectivist.
Transcriptome asymmetry in synthetic and natural allotetraploid wheats, revealed by RNA‐sequencing
Authors: Wang Xutong , Zhang Huakun , Li Yaling , Zhang Zhibin , Li Linfeng , Liu Bao 
Published: October 2015

Summary

Allopolyploidization has occurred frequently within the Triticum–Aegilops complex which provides a suitable system to investigate how allopolyploidization shapes the expression patterns of duplicated homeologs.

We have conducted transcriptome‐profiling of leaves and young inflorescences in wild and domesticated tetraploid wheats, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (BBAA) and ssp. durum (BBAA), an extracted tetraploid (BBAA), and a synthetic tetraploid (SlSlAA) wheat together with its diploid parents, Aegilops longissima (SlSl) and Triticum urartu (AA).

The two diploid species showed tissue‐specific differences in genome‐wide ortholog expression, which plays an important role in transcriptome shock‐mediated homeolog expression rewiring and hence transcriptome asymmetry in the synthetic tetraploid. Further changes of homeolog expression apparently occurred in natural tetraploid wheats, which led to novel transcriptome asymmetry between the two subgenomes. In particular, our results showed that extremely biased homeolog expression can occur rapidly upon the allotetraploidzation and this trend is further enhanced in the course of domestication and evolution of polyploid wheats.

Our results suggest that allopolyploidization is accompanied by distinct phases of homeolog expression changes, with parental legacy playing major roles in the immediate rewiring of homeolog expression upon allopolyploidization, while evolution and domestication under allotetraploidy drive further homeolog‐expression changes toward re‐established subgenome expression asymmetry.
miRNA‐mediated auxin signalling repression during Vat‐mediated aphid resistance in Cucumis melo
Authors: Sattar Sampurna , Addo‐Quaye Charles , Thompson Gary A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractResistance to Aphis gossypii in melon is attributed to the presence of the single dominant R gene virus aphid transmission (Vat), which is biologically expressed as antibiosis, antixenosis and tolerance. However, the mechanism of resistance is poorly understood at the molecular level. Aphid‐induced transcriptional changes, including differentially expressed miRNA profiles that correspond to resistance interaction have been reported in melon. The potential regulatory roles of miRNAs in Vat‐mediated aphid resistance were further revealed by identifying the specific miRNA degradation targets. A total of 70 miRNA:target pairs, including 28 novel miRNA:target pairs, for the differentially expressed miRNAs were identified: 11 were associated with phytohormone regulation, including six miRNAs that potentially regulate auxin interactions. A model for a redundant regulatory system of miRNA‐mediated auxin insensitivity is proposed that incorporates auxin perception, auxin modification and auxin‐regulated transcription. Chemically inhibiting the transport inhibitor response‐1 (TIR‐1) auxin receptor in susceptible melon tissues provides in vivo support for the model of auxin‐mediated impacts on A. gossypii resistance.
The cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis factor AtCOX17 modulates stress responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Garcia Lucila , Welchen Elina , Gey Uta , Arce Agustín L. , Steinebrunner Iris , Gonzalez Daniel H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCOX17 is a soluble protein from the mitochondrial intermembrane space that participates in the transfer of copper for cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly in eukaryotic organisms. In this work, we studied the function of both Arabidopsis thaliana AtCOX17 genes using plants with altered expression levels of these genes. Silencing of AtCOX17‐1 in a cox17‐2 knockout background generates plants with smaller rosettes and decreased expression of genes involved in the response of plants to different stress conditions, including several genes that are induced by mitochondrial dysfunctions. Silencing of either of the AtCOX17 genes does not affect plant development or COX activity but causes a decrease in the response of genes to salt stress. In addition, these plants contain higher reactive oxygen and lipid peroxidation levels after irrigation with high NaCl concentrations and are less sensitive to abscisic acid. In agreement with a role of AtCOX17 in stress and abscisic acid responses, both AtCOX17 genes are induced by several stress conditions, abscisic acid and mutation of the transcription factor ABI4. The results indicate that AtCOX17 is required for optimal expression of a group of stress‐responsive genes, probably as a component of signalling pathways that link stress conditions to gene expression responses.
Wheat leaf lipids during heat stress: II. Lipids experiencing coordinated metabolism are detected by analysis of lipid co‐occurrence
Authors: Narayanan Sruthi , Prasad P.V. Vara , Welti Ruth 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIdentifying lipids that experience coordinated metabolism during heat stress would provide information regarding lipid dynamics under stress conditions and assist in developing heat‐tolerant wheat varieties. We hypothesized that co‐occurring lipids, which are up‐regulated or down‐regulated together through time during heat stress, represent groups that can be explained by coordinated metabolism. Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) were subjected to 12 days of high day and/or night temperature stress, followed by a 4‐day recovery period. Leaves were sampled at four time points, and 165 lipids were measured by electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry. Correlation analysis of lipid levels in 160 leaf samples from each of two wheat genotypes revealed 13 groups of lipids. Lipids within each group co‐occurred through the high day and night temperature stress treatments. The lipid groups can be broadly classified as groups containing extraplastidic phospholipids, plastidic glycerolipids, oxidized glycerolipids, triacylglycerols, acylated sterol glycosides and sterol glycosides. Current knowledge of lipid metabolism suggests that the lipids in each group co‐occur because they are regulated by the same enzyme(s). The results suggest that increases in activities of desaturating, oxidizing, glycosylating and acylating enzymes lead to simultaneous changes in levels of multiple lipid species during high day and night temperature stress in wheat.
Repertory of eukaryotes (eukaryome) in the human gastrointestinal tract: taxonomy and detection methods
Authors: Hamad I. , Raoult D. , Bittar F. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryEukaryotes are an important component of the human gut, and their relationship with the human host varies from parasitic to commensal. Understanding the diversity of human intestinal eukaryotes has important significance for human health. In the past few decades, most of the multitudes of techniques that are involved in the diagnosis of the eukaryotic population in the human intestinal tract were confined to pathological and parasitological aspects that mainly rely on traditionally based methods. However, development of culture‐independent molecular techniques comprised of direct DNA extraction from faeces followed by sequencing, offer new opportunities to estimate the occurrence of eukaryotes in the human gut by providing data on the entire eukaryotic community, particularly not‐yet‐cultured or fastidious organisms. Further broad surveys of the eukaryotic communities in the gut based on high throughput tools such as next generation sequencing might lead to uncovering the real diversity of these ubiquitous organisms in the human intestinal tract and discovering the unrecognized roles of these eukaryotes in modulating the host immune system and inducing changes in host gut physiology and ecosystem.
Temperature effects on polygraph detection of concealed information
Authors: MacNeill A. Luke , Bradley M. T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThermoregulatory influences on electrodermal and cardiovascular activity may interfere with the detection of concealed information using a polygraph. This possibility was assessed by means of a mock terrorism scenario. Seventy‐two participants were assigned to either a guilty or an innocent role. They were given a polygraph test at one of three ambient temperatures: 10°C, 22°C, or 34°C. Among guilty participants, electrodermal and cardiovascular measures were least effective at 10°C. Electrodermal results were optimal at 22°C, whereas cardiovascular results were optimal at 34°C. Among innocent participants, the effectiveness of these same measures was not affected by ambient temperature. Temperature had no significant impact on respiration results within the guilty or the innocent groups. Taken together, these findings have implications for those who use polygraphs in uncontrolled testing environments.
The Impact of Individual Health Account Scheme on Lifetime Income Redistribution: Evidence from China
Authors: Gong Guan , Wang Hongmei , Xu Lingli 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of a combination of individual health accounts (IHAs) and catastrophic insurance on lifetime income redistribution by examining the variations in end‐of‐life IHA balances and lifetime out‐of‐pocket health expenditures. We exploit longitudinal health expenditure data from 2005 to 2007 in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province of China. We find a high concentration of low IHA balances at the end of life, with most equal to zero. This finding suggests that most IHA balances are used for health expenditures and that the income redistribution effect through the accumulation of IHA balance is limited. However, the results also show a wide variation in lifetime out‐of‐pocket spending in the form of deductibles and coinsurance, which implies serious inequality in individual financial burden that can lead to a large income redistribution effect.
Specific vs Ad Valorem Strategic Export Subsidies with Taxation Distortion
Authors: Hwang Hong , Mai Chao‐Cheng , Yang Ya‐Po 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper employs a model to compare the welfare between optimal specific and ad valorem export subsidies if the subsidy payment is financed by distortional taxation. It is found that the welfare under the specific subsidy regime is higher (lower) than that under the ad valorem subsidy regime if the social cost of taxation distortion is low (high). Moreover, the signs of the two optimal subsidies are also crucially dependent on this social cost. They are positive (negative) if the social cost is low (high).
Competition Among National Football Leagues. Does It Exist? Should We Regulate?
Authors: Rocaboy Yvon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt is often supposed that the stakeholders of a national football league draw more satisfaction from their sport if the league is balanced, that is, if a large number of clubs have a reasonable chance of winning. This is the so‐called Competitive balance hypothesis. This hypothesis can be challenged, however, in the context of international competition like the European champions league. It could be that the utility of national leagues' stakeholders would be higher if the probability of victory for their nation's club at the international level were higher. If this were the case, a league's governing body intending to maximize the quality of the national league by making use of redistributive schemes would face a trade‐off between national competitive balance and international performance of the national representative club. We propose a simple microeconomic framework to model this trade‐off. If a non‐cooperative game exists among the national league governing bodies, whether it is a Nash or a Stackelberg one, this game would result in inefficient redistributive policies. We find ‘soft’ empirical evidence of such a competition among the big 5 football leagues in Europe. This result supports the idea of the creation of an international regulatory body. We derive the conditions under which the international regulatory body should ensure that the leagues' governing bodies implement redistributive schemes guaranteeing the respect of the national competitive balance. We also emphasize the risk of experiencing a drop in the quality of leagues if one of them becomes too big relatively to the others, what we call the tragedy of the wealthy.
Locating Gender in Environmental Sociology
Authors: Kennedy Emily Huddart , Dzialo Liz 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEnvironmental sociology is premised on the inseparability of humans and nature and involves an analytical focus on the place of power and social inequality in shaping human/nonhuman interactions. Our purpose here is to conduct a broad overview of the place of gender in environmental sociology. We review gender‐relevant scholarship within environmental sociology and argue that to date, critical gender theorizing in the sub‐discipline is relatively undeveloped, as evidenced by theory that examines gender without considering power relations. We argue that this represents a shortcoming that should be addressed by future scholarship. In order to inform future critical gender–environment theorizing, we provide a brief review of ecofeminism and note promising examples of scholarship that takes power and inequality seriously when accounting for phenomena of relevance to women and the environment. It is likely that theorizing at the intersection of gender and the environment will become more prevalent given a growing consensus that social justice and equity are precursors to ecological sustainability; environmental sociologists could be the vanguard of critical gender–environment theory.
Machine vision automated species identification scaled towards production levels
Authors: FAVRET COLIN , SIERACKI JEFFREY M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractComputer‐automated identification of insect species has long been sought to support activities such as environmental monitoring, forensics, pest diagnostics, border security and vector epidemiology, to name just a few. In order to succeed, an automated identification programme capable of addressing the needs of the end user should be able to classify hundreds of taxa, if not thousands, and is expected to distinguish closely related and hence morphologically similar species. However, it remains unknown how automated identification methods might handle an increase in data quantity, be it in reference imagery or taxonomic diversity. We sought to test the scalability of an automated identification method in terms of the number of reference specimens used to train the classifier and the number of taxa into which the classifier should assign unknown specimens. Is there an optimal number of reference images, where the cost of acquiring more images becomes greater than the marginal increase in identification success? Does increasing taxonomic diversity affect identification success, whether negatively or positively? In order to test the scalability of the automated insect identification enterprise, we used a sparse processing technique and support vector machine to test the largest dataset to date: 72 species of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and 76 species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). We found that: (i) machine vision methods are capable of correctly classifying large numbers of closely related species; (ii) when the misclassification of a specimen occurs at the species level, it is often classified in the correct genus; (iii) classification success increases asymptotically as new training images are added to the dataset; (iv) broad taxon sampling outside a focal group can increase classification success within it.
Magmatism at continental passive margins inferred from Ambient‐Noise Phase‐velocity in the Gulf of Aden
Authors: Korostelev Félicie , Leroy Sylvie , Keir Derek , Weemstra Cornelis , Boschi Lapo , Molinari Irene , Ahmed Abdulhakim , Stuart Graham W. , Rolandone Frédérique , Khanbari Khaled , Al‐Lazki Ali 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNon‐volcanic continental passive margins have traditionally been considered to be tectonically and magmatically inactive once continental breakup has occurred and seafloor spreading has commenced. We use ambient‐noise tomography to constrain Rayleigh‐wave phase‐velocity maps beneath the eastern Gulf of Aden (eastern Yemen and southern Oman). In the crust, we image low velocities beneath the Jiza‐Qamar (Yemen) and Ashawq‐Salalah (Oman) basins, likely caused by the presence of partial melt associated with magmatic plumbing systems beneath the rifted margin. Our results provide strong evidence that magma intrusion persists after breakup, modifying the composition and thermal structure of the continental margin. The coincidence between zones of crustal intrusion and steep gradients in lithospheric thinning, as well as with transform faults, suggests that magmatism post‐breakup may be driven by small‐scale convection and enhanced by edge‐driven flow at the juxtaposition of lithosphere of varying thickness and thermal age.
The association between platelet transfusion and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome is unaffected by platelet product type
Authors: Vande Vusse Lisa K. , Madtes David K. , Bolgiano Douglas , Watkins Timothy R. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDMethods used to produce platelet (PLT) components, pooling of PLT‐rich plasma (PRP‐PLT) and apheresis (AP‐PLT), may variably contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 906 allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients to examine associations between PLT product type and risks of developing IPS and dying after IPS onset. Proportional hazards models included separate terms for the sum of all PLT transfusions and the sum of PRP‐PLT units received in the 3 or 7 days before IPS onset. Similarly constructed models analyzed the outcome of time to death after IPS onset. All analyses were adjusted for known IPS risk factors.RESULTSPatients received a median of three PRP‐PLT transfusions (interquartile range [IQR], 0‐6) and five AP‐PLT transfusions (IQR, 1‐13) while at risk for IPS. Seventy‐five patients (8%) developed IPS by Posttransplant Day 120. The proportion of PRP‐PLT transfusions was not associated with risk of developing IPS (3‐day hazard ratio [HR] 0.98, 95% CI 0.74‐1.29, p = 0.86; 7‐day HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.86‐1.15, p = 0.95) or dying after IPS onset (3‐day HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.75‐1.31, p = 0.97; 7‐day HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.78‐1.12, p = 0.47).CONCLUSIONThe association between PLT transfusions and risk of developing IPS or dying after IPS onset does not differ according to PLT product type. Further research is required to identify potentially modifiable steps in PLT component production that contribute to IPS.
Draft Genome Sequences of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Staphylococcus aureus, Isolated from a Patient with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Sidjabat Hanna E. , Cottrell Kyra , Cervin Anders 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of
Burkholderia pseudomallei
and
Staphylococcus aureus
causing chronic rhinosinusitis. Whole-genome sequencing determined the
B. pseudomallei
as sequence type (ST) 1381 and the
S. aureus
as ST8.
B. pseudomallei
possessed the
bla
OXA-59
gene. This study illustrates the potential emergence of
B. pseudomallei
in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis.