bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of a Mouse Model of Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor of the Central Nervous System through Combined Deletion of Snf5 and p53
Authors: Ng Jessica M.Y. , Martinez Daniel , Marsh Eric D. , Zhang Zhe , Rappaport Eric , Santi Mariarita , Curran Tom 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors arise in several anatomic locations and are associated with poor outcomes. In the brain, these tumors are known as atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT). While genetically engineered models for malignant rhabdoid tumors exist, none of them recapitulate AT/RT, for which preclinical models remain lacking. In the majority of AT/RT, LOH occurs at the genetic locus SNF5 (Ini1/BAF47/Smarcb1), which functions as a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex and a tumor suppressor in familial and sporadic malignant rhabdoid tumors. Therefore, we generated mice in which Snf5 was ablated specifically in nestin-positive and/or glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-positive progenitor cells of the developing central nervous system (CNS). Snf5 ablation in nestin-positive cells resulted in early lethality that could not be rescued by loss of p53. However, Snf5 ablation in GFAP-positive cells caused a neurodegenerative phenotype exacerbated by p53 loss. Notably, these double mutants exhibited AT/RT development, associated with an earlier failure in granule neuron migration in the cerebellum, reduced neuronal projections in the hippocampus, degeneration of the corpus callosum, and ataxia and seizures. Gene expression analysis confirmed that the tumors that arose in Snf5/p53 mutant mice were distinct from other neural tumors and most closely resembled human AT/RT. Our findings uncover a novel role for Snf5 in oligodendrocyte generation and survival, and they offer evidence of the first genetically engineered mouse model for AT/RT in the CNS. Cancer Res; 75(21); 4629–39. ©2015 AACR.
A TDO2-AhR Signaling Axis Facilitates Anoikis Resistance and Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: D'Amato Nicholas C. , Rogers Thomas J. , Gordon Michael A. , Greene Lisa I. , Cochrane Dawn R. , Spoelstra Nicole S. , Nemkov Travis G. , D'Alessandro Angelo , Hansen Kirk C. , Richer Jennifer K. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The ability of a cancer cell to develop resistance to anoikis, a programmed cell death process triggered by substratum detachment, is a critical step in the metastatic cascade. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) exhibit higher rates of metastasis after diagnosis, relative to estrogen-positive breast cancers, but while TNBC cells are relatively more resistant to anoikis, the mechanisms involved are unclear. Through gene expression and metabolomic profiling of TNBC cells in forced suspension culture, we identified a molecular pathway critical for anchorage-independent cell survival. TNBC cells in suspension upregulated multiple genes in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism, including the enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), in an NF-κB–dependent manner. Kynurenine production mediated by TDO2 in TNBC cells was sufficient to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), an endogenous kynurenine receptor. Notably, pharmacologic inhibition or genetic attenuation of TDO2 or AhR increased cellular sensitivity to anoikis, and also reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells. In vivo, TDO2 inhibitor–treated TNBC cells inhibited colonization of the lung, suggesting that TDO2 enhanced metastatic capacity. In clinical specimens of TNBC, elevated expression of TDO2 was associated with increased disease grade, estrogen receptor–negative status, and shorter overall survival. Our results define an NF-κB–regulated signaling axis that promotes anoikis resistance, suggest functional connections with inflammatory modulation by the kynurenine pathway, and highlight TDO2 as an attractive target for treatment of this aggressive breast cancer subtype. Cancer Res; 75(21); 4651–64. ©2015 AACR.
Adaptive natural killer cell response to cytomegalovirus and disability progression in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Martínez-Rodríguez Jose E , Cobo-Calvo Alvaro , Villar Luisa M , Munteis Elvira , Blanco Yolanda , Rasal Raquel , Vera Andrea , Muntasell Aura , Alvarez-Lafuente Roberto , Saiz Albert , Alvarez-Cermeño Jose C , Martínez-Yélamos Sergio , Roquer Jaume , López-Botet Miguel 
Published: September 2015

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes a highly prevalent infection which may have a multifaceted impact on chronic inflammatory disorders. However, its potential influence in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains controversial. The HCMV-host interaction may induce an adaptive reconfiguration of the natural killer (NK) cell compartment, whose hallmark is a persistent expansion of peripheral NKG2C+ NK-cells. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the HCMV-driven NKG2C+ NK-cell expansion is related to the MS clinical course. Methods: Multicentre analysis of NKG2C expression and genotype according to HCMV serostatus and time of assignment of irreversible disability scores in 246 MS patients prospectively followed up in our institutions. Results: NKG2C expression was unrelated to disease-modifying drugs, remained stable under steady-state conditions, and was higher in HCMV(+) NKG2C+/+ homozygous individuals. NKG2C+ NK-cell expansion in HCMV(+) patients, as compared to HCMV(+) or HCMV(–) patients with lower NKG2C+ NK-cells proportions, conferred a lower risk of progression in Cox regression analysis (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)>3.0, hazard ratio (HR)=0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.71, p=0.005; EDSS>5.5, HR=0.23, 95% CI 0.07-0.74, p=0.014). Neither HCMV serostatus nor NKG2C genotype appeared to be related to disability progression. Conclusions: HCMV may exert a beneficial influence on MS, decreasing the risk of disability progression in those patients displaying a virus-driven NKG2C+ NK-cell expansion.
The NYU Osteoporosis Model of Care Experience
Authors: Saxena Amit , Honig Stephen , Rivera Sonja , Pean Christian A. , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Participants who sustain a fragility fracture are at increased risk for subsequent fractures. Despite the consequences of recurrent fractures, bone mineral density (BMD) testing and treatment rates for osteoporosis after a fracture remain low. The New York University (NYU) Langone Osteoporosis Model of Care was developed to identify women at increased risk for recurrent fractures and to reduce the rates of subsequent fracture through patient and physician education. Methods: Women aged 50 years and older who had a fracture and received their care at NYU affiliated hospitals were contacted via mail after discharge. Participants were provided educational materials explaining decreased bone strength and its possible relationship to their fracture and were asked to complete a questionnaire. One year postfracture, participants were sent follow-up questionnaires requesting their most recent fracture treatment and BMD information. Educational material was also provided to the treating orthopedic surgeons. Results: Overall, 524 patients were contacted and 210 (40%) enrolled. By the end of 24 months, 92 participants completed their 1-year questionnaire (44% of the enrollees). Forty-two (46%) participants had undergone new BMD testing and 37 (40%) were receiving antiresorptive medications, including 6 (6%) who had not been prescribed these medications before enrolling in the program. Conclusions: The Osteoporosis Model of Care is a simple and cost-effective educational program, which improved comprehensive fracture care in an actual clinical setting. Patient enrollment remains a challenge in implementing the program. Our program highlights difficulties in providing community-dwelling participants with appropriate postfracture care. With increasing concern among the public regarding the use of bone strengthening medications and continued low postfracture treatment rates, educating patients with high fracture risk is critical to reducing the rate of subsequent fracture. Our Model of Care Program demonstrates both the success and limitations of a postfracture educational approach using discharge diagnosis data to identify patients with fracture.
HIV and the role of the HCA: raising awareness and breaking stigma
Authors: Bard Brigette 
Published: September 2015

In the UK, 107 800 people have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and of these, some 26 400 are unaware they have contracted the virus. The symptoms of HIV are often invisible for years and, due mainly to misinformation and stigma, people who have contracted HIV do not come forward for testing and treatment, perhaps because they do not fully understand how the virus is transmitted or that they could have been exposed to it. Healthcare assistants (HCAs) and assistant practitioners (APs) have a vital role to play in discussing HIV with patients and colleagues openly and honestly, raising awareness of HIV, educating communities and patients on the facts about HIV, discussing HIV testing options available with patients, if appropriate, and raising awareness about how advances in treatments have meant, as we like to say, HIV is no longer a death sentence.
Opinions of pre-service classroom teachers among music education<p>Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının müzik eğitimine ilişkin görüşleri
Authors: Topoğlu Onur 
Published: September 2015

<p>The purpose of this study is to analyse the opinions of pre-service classroom teachers among music education. Qualitative method is used in the study and the study is a descriptive study. Study group is consisted of the 16 4<sup>th</sup> grade students who receive education in Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Education Department of Classroom Teaching. Criterion sampling is used from purposive sampling methods in the study. To determine the opinions of pre-service classroom teachers among music education semi-structured interview technique was carried out. Results of the study indicated that pre-service classroom teachers think music has positive effects on children and various things can be thought with music. Four of the participants see themselves inadequate in giving music education while half of the participants see themselves efficient and other four of the participants claim they are better than most of the classroom teachers around. Results has also shown that pre-service classroom teachers think that a classroom teacher should play the recorder, sight-read and write down scores, should have the musical culture and instrument knowledge, should develop materials, play an instrument except recorder, have the knowledge of the repertoire, know teaching methods, conduct the national anthem, sing properly and be creative. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının müzik eğitimine ilişkin görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırıma nitel araştırma türünde ve betimsel bir niteliktedir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Sınıf Öğretmenliği Anabilim Dalı 4. sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan 16 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların müzik eğitimine ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla öğrencilerle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yapılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının, müziğin çocuk üzerinde olumlu etkileri olduğunu ve müzikle farklı şeylerin kavratılabileceğini düşündükleri ortaya konmuştur. Katılımcıların yarısı kendilerini müzik eğitimi verme konusunda yeterli görürken, dört katılımcı kendisini yetersiz görmekte, diğer dört katılımcı da durumlarının etraflarındaki sınıf öğretmenlerine göre iyi olduğunu ileri sürmektedirler. Ayrıca araştırmanın bulguları sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının bir sınıf öğretmeninin blokflüt çalabilmesi, nota okuyup yazabilmesi, müzik kültürüne ve çalgı bilgisine sahip olması, materyal geliştirebilmesi, blokflüt dışında bir çalgı çalabilmesi, dağarcık bilgisine sahip olması, öğretim yöntemi bilmesi, istiklal marşını yönetebilmesi, doğru şarkı söyleyebilmesi, yaratıcı olması gerektiğini düşündüklerini ortaya koymuştur.</p>
College students’ knowledge and attitude towards new regulation on smoking ban in public places in Nepal
Authors: Dahal Sushma , Maharjan Sabina , Subedi Raj Kumar , Maharjan Juna 
Published: September 2015

Background: Nepal as a signatory to Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2003 has passed a new tobacco control bill entitled “Tobacco product control and regulatory bill, 2010” in 2011. On this background, it is imperative to assess the knowledge and attitude of people towards this new regulation that forbids smoking in public places.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 students of higher secondary level in three randomly selected colleges of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Information on respondents’ awareness on current ban, source of information, implementation status and their attitude towards the new regulation were collected using self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of quantitative data was done using descriptive statistics whereas qualitative data were analyzed manually.Results: Majority of respondents (79.9%) said that there is ban on smoking in public places in Nepal. The most common source of information was television (72.3%), followed by friends (36.5%) and family members (33.9 %). Most of the respondents (67.4%) had frequently seen people smoking in public places and 48.8% had not seen or heard any penalty given to those people. Overall, 74.1% of the participants stated that the ban on smoking in public places was a ‘very good thing’. Majority of those who viewed that the ban was good, reasoned ‘it will protect people from diseases like cancer’. Those who viewed that the ban was not good, reasoned ‘people cannot be changed by compelling’ and ‘to smoke or not to smoke is people’s own will’.Conclusion: This study shows that majority of adolescents are aware of and have positive attitude towards new regulation on smoking ban in public places in Nepal. There is need of implementing the policy strictly by raising awareness among people and penalizing those who violate it.
Disturbance of Antioxidant Enzymes and Purine Metabolism in the Ejaculate of Men Living in Disadvantaged Areas of Kyzylorda Region
Authors: Kislitskaya Valentihna N. , Kenzhin Zhandos D. , Kultanov Berikbay Zh. , Dosmagambetova Raushan S. , Turmuhambetova Anar A. 
Published: September 2015

AIM: Objective of the study was to evaluate the state of the main indicators of antioxidant status and enzymes of purine metabolism in the germ cells of men living in the zone of ecological catastrophe Aral Sea region.METHODS: The criterion for inclusion is the stay of an adult in the Aral Sea area is not less than 5 years, employment in occupations with no more than 2 hazard class. Determination of the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) was conducted in semen by the method of Nemechek et al., 1993. Determination of the activity of catalase (CAT) was performed according by the method of Korolyuk et al., 1988.RESULTS: Results of the study indicate a change in the activity of catalase and adenosine deaminase, due to increased levels of oxidative stress and the development of the pathological process.CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of study, it was put the influenceÂ of negative factors of the Aral Sea region in menâ€™s sperm of reproductiveÂ age gives to disability free-radical processes, that proves changing of ferments of ant oxidative protection Catalase and adenosine deaminase (ADA).Â This disturbance in menâ€™s sperm of reproductive age leading to increased level of oxidative stress and impaired activity ofÂ antioxidant enzymes and purine metabolism, responsible for the abnormal transmembrane and intracellular processes, reflecting the degree of imbalance of enzymes.
Écrire sur les footballeurs d’un club professionnel
Authors: Souanef Karim 
Published: September 2015

Cet article contribue à l’analyse des logiques sociales qui sous-tendent l’écriture au quotidien, processus participant à la fabrique des footballeurs en tant que groupe particulièrement visible médiatiquement et exposé aux sentences. Il s’intéresse plus précisément à ce que les journalistes sportifs de presse écrite ( Le Parisien ), parmi les plus dominants de ce sous-espace journalistique, (n’)écrivent (pas) sur les footballeurs professionnels. Centré sur le travail journalistique et s’appuyant sur une enquête ethnographique, le texte met en lumière le nouvel état des relations entre deux des champs participant à l’organisation du « sport spectacle » et, plus particulièrement, la distance (sociale et spatiale) entre l’univers journalistique et celui du football professionnel. Les stratégies journalistiques déployées en réponse à cette mise à distance croissante reposent sur la constitution de relations personnalisées avec des sources, dont le recrutement se fait au-delà du dispositif de communication de l’institution sportive. Ce contournement est une condition pour écrire quotidiennement et réaliser des « coups » en tant que loi propre au champ journalistique. Ces liens s’incarnent, mais aussi se rejouent, inlassablement dans les écrits qui sont autant de jugements sur les footballeurs. C’est ainsi que les formats rédactionnels dominants (le « chapô » et les notes), et les verdicts qu’ils énoncent, confèrent une certaine autonomie journalistique. Celle-ci n’est cependant que relative tant le maintien des proximités, en tant qu’impératif professionnel structurant fortement les relations entre les deux univers sociaux, pèse sur le produit fini. L’écriture journalistique est ici analysée comme une activité sociale déterminée par une division spécifique du travail et, surtout, par les (nouveaux) investissements des journalistes, pris dans des luttes quotidiennes, mais aussi dans des alliances, avec les producteurs du football professionnel, en l’occurrence ici ceux du Paris Saint-Germain.
Dans la course
Authors: Schotté Manuel 
Published: September 2015

Nombre de travaux ont montré que la compétence sportive est un construit social dont la genèse dépasse de loin le seul moment de la confrontation compétitive. Tenant compte des acquis de ces études, le texte se propose de les prolonger en montrant que l’on peut faire porter le regard sociologique sur la performance sportive jusqu’au cœur de la situation où elle se réalise. Cette perspective est ici appliquée à l’athlétisme, au travers du récit, à la première personne du singulier, d’une course dans laquelle s’affrontent des athlètes de niveau très proche (national en l’occurrence). En reliant restitution d’ordre phénoménologique et analyse sociologique, intériorité du vécu et extériorité des luttes interindividuelles, cette approche – qui est couplée avec des entretiens menés avec des coureurs titrés au plan international – permet de montrer que, loin de résulter de la seule mise en jeu de compétences spécifiques « pures », les possibles d’un athlète sont le produit de ses relations passées et présentes avec ses concurrents.
Michel Foucault et le partage nietzschéen : Vérité/Mensonge
Authors: Courtine Jean-François 
Published: September 2015

Au fil de la lecture de quelques textes du second Foucault datant du début des années soixante-dix ( L’Ordre du discours , les « Leçons sur la volonté de savoir »), l’auteur rappelle d’abord ce que la question foucaldienne des conditions d’émergence du partage du vrai et du faux, autrement dit l’histoire des « véridictions », a dû au thème nietzschéen de la « volonté de vérité ». Il examine ensuite plusieurs formes de ce partage chez Foucault : la « discipline », telle qu’elle apparaît dans L’Ordre du discours , qui distingue l’espace « obéissant aux règles d’une police discursive » de l’« extériorité sauvage », ce qui sera plus tard thématisé sous le nom de « procédé alèthurgique », et il montre ce qu’elles doivent à l’ouvrage classique jamais cité de Marcel Détienne Les Maîtres de vérité dans la Grèce archaïque (1967). Quel que soit le type d’analyse ou de vocabulaire qui exprime chez Foucault la mise au jour de ces régimes de vérité, c’est à la pluralité irréductible des modalités de véridiction qu’il faudrait conclure, ce en quoi réside sa position la plus fondamentalement « anti-phénoménologique ».
Les « règles de formation » comme catégories foucaldiennes
Authors: Mélès Baptiste 
Published: September 2015

Deux paradoxes caractérisent L’Archéologie du savoir de Michel Foucault : il s’agit à la fois d’un ouvrage spéculatif et d’un ouvrage de circonstance, et il s’agit d’une méthodologie dénuée d’application. Nous montrerons que cet ouvrage contient la reconstruction rationnelle du parcours intellectuel de Foucault selon les catégories d’une logique propre : les « règles de formation » peuvent être lues comme les catégories foucaldiennes. Mais cet effort réflexif de détermination des concepts fondamentaux de la pensée, loin de confirmer la position du sujet comme le fait la déduction kantienne des catégories, agit bien plutôt chez Foucault de manière auto-réfutatrice : lorsqu’une méthode peut être formalisée, c’est qu’elle est devenue obsolète.
Retour à la raison
Authors: Engel Pascal 
Published: September 2015

Contre le vent d’antirationalisme qui souffle en matière d’éthique, on analyse et discute deux gros ouvrages qui tentent de fonder l’éthique en raison : Derek Parfit, On What Matters (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011, 2 vol.) et John Skorupski, The Domain of Reasons (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010).
Pierre, fils de Jean II, duc de Bretagne ou l’existence mouvementée d’un noble cadet dissipateur
Authors: Lémeillat Marjolaine 
Published: September 2015

Pierre de Bretagne, fils puîné du duc Jean II de
Bretagne (1286-1305) a été longtemps laissé de côté, peu mis en valeur
par les historiens successifs de la Bretagne médiévale, mis à part le
fameux épisode de son emprisonnement pour dettes à Paris en 1293.
L’examen de l’ensemble des sources subsistant à son sujet permet de
découvrir un personnage inhabituellement détonnant, comparé à la
famille ducale de Dreux don il est issu : cadet visiblement dépensier
et sans scrupule, il accumule les dettes, ravages et déprédations,
tant dans le duché de Bretagne que sur la place de Paris. Amateur de
vins et de chevaux, il est tout à la fois débiteur auprès de marchands
pour plusieurs centaines de livres qu’auprès de modestes veuves pour
quelques dizaines de sous, et bénéficie en outre, malgré les plaintes,
de la protection ducale.La disparition inattendue de son père en
1305 lui a offert l’opportunité inespérée de liquider le colossal
passif qu’il avait accumulé, les exécuteurs testamentaires ducaux
ayant notamment pour mission de régler toutes ses dettes. C’est à
cette longue suite de paiements que nous devons la connaissance dudit
« Pierres, jadis fiulz dou duc de Bretaigne et conte de Richemond »,
prodigue et pillard au gré de ses envies.
Les espaces chinois de Kolkata : simples marges convoitées dans une grande ville indienne ou support des influences singapouriennes et chinoises ?
Authors: Guéguen Catherine 
Published: September 2015

La communauté chinoise de Kolkata présente un portrait peu courant parmi les communautés chinoises outre-mer : elle est en déclin démographique (moins de 5 000 personnes aujourd'hui) et ses espaces, pourtant porteurs de prospérité économique jusque dans les années 1960, sont en proie à des mutations que la communauté ne contrôle que partiellement. La conversion du quartier des tanneries Tangra en zone axée sur la restauration ne semble qu'une solution provisoire face aux appétits d'entreprises immobilières sous couvert de patrimonialisation. Ces quartiers chinois révèlent d'autres enjeux : les uns sont diplomatiques et concernent la Chine continentale, les autres relèvent de la circulation des modèles de quartier chinois inspirés par Singapour. Les espaces de la communauté chinoise de Kolkata en déprise pour tout observateur génèrent des enjeux dépassant l'échelle locale: enjeu d'une présence en Inde pour la Chine continentale, diffusion d'un modèle de développement associé à la modernité de Singapour pour les autorités municipales de Kolkata.