bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐principles study on alkali‐metal effect of Li, Na, and K in Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4
Authors: Maeda Tsuyoshi , Kawabata Atsuhito , Wada Takahiro 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe substitution energies and migration energies of the alkali‐metals of Li, Na, and K atoms in Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) were investigated by first‐principles calculations. The migration energies of Li, Na, and K atoms in CZTS and CZTSe are obtained by a combination of linear and quadratic synchronous transit (LST/QST) methods and a nudged elastic band (NEB) method. For CZTS and CZTSe, the substitution energies of NaCu and NaZn are much smaller than that of NaSn. The substitution energy of NaZn is comparable to that of NaCu, indicating that NaCu and NaZn are easily formed in CZTS and CZTSe. The substitution energies of the LiCu and LiZn atoms are smaller than those of NaCu and NaZn, while substitution energies of KCu and KZn atoms are much larger than those of NaCu and NaZn. Therefore, it is difficult to form KCu and KZnin CZTS and CZTSe. The theoretical migration energies of Na atom at Cu site to the nearest Cu vacancy (NaCu→VCu) and Na atom at Zn site to the nearest Cu vacancy (NaZn→VCu) are much smaller than those of (NaSn→VCu). The migration energies of (NaCu→VCu) and (NaZn→VCu) in CZTS and CZTSe are comparable to that of Na atom at Cu site to Cu vacancy (NaCu→VCu) in CIS. The mechanism for the alkali‐metal effect of Li, Na, and K in the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 films during the post‐deposition treatment of LiF, NaF, and KF is discussed on the basis of the calculated substitution and migration energies. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Titania‐based photocatalytic coatings on stainless steel hospital fixtures
Authors: Krumdieck S. , Miya S. S. , Lee D. , Davies‐Talwar S. , Bishop C. M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA scaled‐up pulsed‐pressure MOCVD system was used to deposit TiO2 coatings from tetra‐isopropoxide precursor solution on stainless steel substrates and on 3‐D objects. The objective of the work is the production of antimicrobial coatings for handles in health care facilities. Antimicrobial coatings are sought to manage the transmission of hospital acquired infections (HAI's), which are reported to cost around one million pounds per annum in the UK alone. Titania is a promising material for this application due to the photocatalytic production of reactive oxygen species that are crucial for the destruction of organic pathogens.TiO2 coatings of 0.2 to 13 µm thickness were deposited at temperatures between 375 °C and 475 °C. The crystallite size and photocatalytic activity are influenced by deposition temperature. No dependence of stoichiometry on the deposition temperature has been observed. The films on stainless steel exhibit reasonably good photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic performance and the stoichiometry improve with the film thickness. A three dimensional object (door handle) was coated with good conformity. The reactor scale‐up for coating production on door handles is proposed for future wear and hygiene performance testing. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mass spectrometric studies of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium and 1‐propyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl)‐sulfonylimides
Authors: Chilingarov Norbert S. , Medvedev Artem A. , Deyko Grigoriy S. , Kustov Leonid M. , Chernikova Elena A. , Glukhov Lev M. , Markov Vitaliy Yu. , Ioffe Il'ya N. , Senyavin Vladimir M. , Polyakova Marina V. , Sidorov Lev N. 
Published: May 2015

RationaleIonic liquids ([Cat+][An−]) were believed to decompose before reaching vaporization temperatures, but recently some of them have been shown to vaporize congruently. Low‐temperature vaporization of ionic substances is an intriguing phenomenon, so the vapor‐phase composition and reactions of ionic liquids deserve more extensive study.MethodsEvaporation of two ionic liquids, [C2MIM+][Tf2N−] and [C3MMIM+][Tf2N−], was studied by means of Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. These liquids were also characterized using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, UV/Vis, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.ResultsThe vaporization enthalpies of (118 ± 3) and (124 ± 2) kJ·mol−1 were determined for [C2MIM+][Tf2N−] and [C3MMIM+][Tf2N−], respectively. The corresponding equations for their saturated vapor pressures are:
urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:rcm7214:rcm7214-math-0001The MALDI studies (positive and negative ion modes) enabled detection of monomeric [Cat+] and [An−] ions, the cluster ions {[Cat+]2[An−]}+ and {[Cat+][An−]2}−, and some complex anions {2[An−]+Na+}−, {2[An−]+K+}−, {2[An−]+Cu+}− and {3[An−]+Ca2+}−.ConclusionsKnudsen effusion mass spectrometry proved to be a valuable method to study the thermodynamics of ionic liquids. The saturated vapor pressure and vaporization enthalpy of [C3MMIM+][Tf2N−] were accurately determined for the first time. MALDI is also capable of providing indirect information on hydrogen bonding. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning to let go: Social influence, learning, and the abandonment of corporate venture capital practices
Authors: Gaba Vibha , Dokko Gina 
Published: May 2015

Research summary: This study examines the abandonment of organizational practices. We argue that firm choices in implementing practices affect how firms experience a practice and their subsequent likelihood of abandonment. We focus on utilization of the practice and staffing (i.e. career backgrounds of managers), as two important implementation choices that firms make. The findings demonstrate that practice utilization and staffing choices not only affect abandonment likelihood directly but also condition firms' susceptibility to pressures to abandon when social referents do. Our study contributes to diffusion research by examining practice abandonment—a relatively unexplored area in diffusion research—and by incorporating specific aspects of firms' post‐adoption choices into diffusion theory.Managerial summary: When do firms shut down practices? Prior research has shown that firms learn from the actions of other firms, both adopting and abandoning practices when their peers do. But unlike adoption decisions, abandonment decisions need to account for firms' own experiences with the practice. We study the abandonment of corporate venture capital (CVC) practices in the U.S. IT industry, which has experienced waves of adoption and abandonment. We find that firms that make more CVC investments are less likely to abandon the practice, and are less likely to learn vicariously from other firms' abandonment decisions, such that they are less likely to exit CVC when other firms do. Staffing choices also matter: hiring former venture capitalists makes firms less likely to abandon CVC practices, while hiring internally makes abandonment more likely. Plus, staffing choices affect how firms learn from the environment, as CVC managers pay attention to and learn more from the actions of firms that match their work backgrounds; i.e., firms that staff CVC units with former venture capitalists are more likely to follow exit decisions of VC firms, while those that staff with internal hires are more likely to follow their industry peers. Our results suggest that firms wanting to retain CVC practices should think carefully about the implementation choices they make, as they may be inadvertently sowing seeds of abandonment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB Enhances Osteogenesis of Adipose-Derived But Not Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells
Authors: Hung Ben P. , Hutton Daphne L. , Kozielski Kristen L. , Bishop Corey J. , Naved Bilal , Green Jordan J. , Caplan Arnold I. , Gimble Jeffrey M. , Dorafshar Amir H. , Grayson Warren L. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) holds great promise for regenerating critically sized bone defects. While the bone marrow-derived MSC is the most widely studied stromal/stem cell type for this application, its rarity within bone marrow and painful isolation procedure have motivated investigation of alternative cell sources. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are more abundant and more easily procured; furthermore, they also possess robust osteogenic potency. While these two cell types are widely considered very similar, there is a growing appreciation of possible innate differences in their biology and response to growth factors. In particular, reports indicate that their osteogenic response to platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) is markedly different: MSCs responded negatively or not at all to PDGF-BB while ASCs exhibited enhanced mineralization in response to physiological concentrations of PDGF-BB. In this study, we directly tested whether a fundamental difference existed between the osteogenic responses of MSCs and ASCs to PDGF-BB. MSCs and ASCs cultured under identical osteogenic conditions responded disparately to 20 ng/ml of PDGF-BB: MSCs exhibited no difference in mineralization while ASCs produced more calcium per cell. siRNA-mediated knockdown of PDGFRβ within ASCs abolished their ability to respond to PDGF-BB. Gene expression was also different; MSCs generally downregulated and ASCs generally upregulated osteogenic genes in response to PDGF-BB. ASCs transduced to produce PDGF-BB resulted in more regenerated bone within a critically sized murine calvarial defect compared to control ASCs, indicating PDGF-BB used specifically in conjunction with ASCs might enhance tissue engineering approaches for bone regeneration. Stem Cells 2015;33:2773–2784
Pedagogical content knowledge of argumentation: Using classroom contexts to assess high‐quality PCK rather than pseudoargumentation
Authors: McNeill Katherine L. , González‐Howard María , Katsh‐Singer Rebecca , Loper Suzanna 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDespite the recent emphasis on science practices, little work has focused on teachers' knowledge of these key learning goals. The development of high quality assessments for teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of science practices, such as argumentation, is important to better assess the needs of teachers and to develop supportive teacher education experiences. In this paper, we present lessons learned from a development process to conceptualize, design, and pilot a measure of teachers' PCK of argumentation. We use the results from our pilot test with 103 middle school science teachers, cognitive interviews with 24 middle school science teachers, and feedback from 10 advisors to present these lessons learned. Specifically, this work resulted in the refinement of our conceptualization of PCK of argumentation in two areas: (1) Moving beyond pseudoargumentation of surface level features to target the quality of structural components and students' dialogic interactions as well as the use of instructional strategies that align with student needs and (2) Focusing on dialogic argumentation in terms of the quality of student interactions in which they build off of and critique each others' claims, rather than goals such as persuasion that are difficult to observe. In addition, the iterative design process suggested that PCK of argumentation assessments should use classroom contexts (such as vignettes, student writing, and video) to activate teachers' knowledge in use by connecting to their prior experiences; however, the student argumentation examples need to highlight one specific strength or challenge and provide sufficient detail around the example to focus the assessment item. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 261–290, 2016.
Learning from one's own teaching: New science teachers analyzing their practice through classroom observation cycles
Authors: Ceven McNally Jennifer 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe first three years of science teachers’ careers is an especially formative period, yet there remains only a limited literature base to support teacher educators who work with this population. Teachers in the induction phase benefit from professional development experiences that support them as they continue to learn about teaching by analyzing their own teaching experiences. The context of this qualitative study is the implementation of video recorded classroom observations within an established distance mentoring program, e‐Mentoring for Student Success (eMSS; Jaffe et al. [2006] Online professional development for teachers, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press). These observations were designed to include a cycle of three activities: a pre‐observation discussion in which the mentor–mentee pair set a focus for the observation, the sharing of a video recording of a short classroom episode, and a post‐observation discussion in which mentor and mentee analyzed evidence from the video in light of the observation focus and determined an action plan of next steps for the new teacher to implement. Studying the dynamic interactions between mentors and mentees as they inquired into specific aspects of teaching and analyzed evidence from the classroom episode helped to identify the conditions that supported such collaboration and the impacts it had on mentees’ professional growth. Findings from this study indicate that observation cycles conducted with a disciplined inquiry stance help mentors and mentees to focus on concrete evidence, analyze a hypothesis about the impacts of teacher actions on student learning, and collaboratively evaluate instruction and determine instructional next steps. For science teacher educators who work with teachers in their induction years, this study suggests that observation cycles are an important activity to support teachers as they learn from the act of teaching, and can be incorporated into a mentoring program, whether it occurs at a distance or face‐to‐face. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 473–501, 2016
Fresh water fish, Channa punctatus, as a model for pendimethalin genotoxicity testing: A new approach toward aquatic environmental contaminants
Authors: Ahmad Irshad , Ahmad Masood 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPendimethalin (PND) is one of the common herbicides used worldwide. Fresh water fish, Channa punctatus, was exposed to PND in aquaria wherein its LC50 value was recorded to be 3.6 mg/L. Three sublethal (SL) concentrations, namely, 0.9, 1.8, and 2.7 mg/L were selected for the evaluation of genotoxicity and oxidative stress generated in the fish. In vivo comet assay was carried out in the blood, liver, and gill cells after exposing the fish to aforesaid SL concentrations of PND for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The results of the comet assay demonstrated the genotoxicity of PND in all the three tissues. Induction of oxidative stress in the gill cells was affirmed by the increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Frequencies of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) and micronuclei (MN) were also used to assess the genotoxic potential of PND on C. punctatus. MN frequency did not show any enhancement after PND exposure, but the frequency of ENA such as kidney‐shaped nuclei, segmented nuclei and lobed nuclei, showed a significant increase after 24–96 h. Thus, ENA seems to be a better biomarker than MN for PND induced genotoxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1520–1529, 2016.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Abdominal Complications After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Grass Fabian , Schäfer Markus , Cristaudi Alessandra , Berutto Carine , Aubert John‐David , Gonzalez Michel , Demartines Nicolas , Ris Hans‐Beat , Soccal Paola M. , Krueger Thorsten 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundDue to the underlying diseases and the need for immunosuppression, patients after lung transplantation are particularly at risk for gastrointestinal (GI) complications that may negatively influence long‐term outcome. The present study assessed the incidences and impact of GI complications after lung transplantation and aimed to identify risk factors.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all 227 consecutively performed single‐ and double‐lung transplantations at the University hospitals of Lausanne and Geneva was performed between January 1993 and December 2010. Logistic regressions were used to test the effect of potentially influencing variables on the binary outcomes overall, severe, and surgery‐requiring complications, followed by a multiple logistic regression model.ResultsFinal analysis included 205 patients for the purpose of the present study, and 22 patients were excluded due to re‐transplantation, multiorgan transplantation, or incomplete datasets. GI complications were observed in 127 patients (62 %). Gastro‐esophageal reflux disease was the most commonly observed complication (22.9 %), followed by inflammatory or infectious colitis (20.5 %) and gastroparesis (10.7 %). Major GI complications (Dindo/Clavien III–V) were observed in 83 (40.5 %) patients and were fatal in 4 patients (2.0 %). Multivariate analysis identified double‐lung transplantation (p = 0.012) and early (1993–1998) transplantation period (p = 0.008) as independent risk factors for developing major GI complications. Forty‐three (21 %) patients required surgery such as colectomy, cholecystectomy, and fundoplication in 6.8, 6.3, and 3.9 % of the patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified Charlson comorbidity index of ≥3 as an independent risk factor for developing GI complications requiring surgery (p = 0.015).ConclusionGI complications after lung transplantation are common. Outcome was rather encouraging in the setting of our transplant center.
Game form misconceptions are not necessary for a willingness-to-pay vs. willingness-to-accept gap
Authors: Bartling Björn , Engl Florian , Weber Roberto A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCason and Plott (J Polit Econ, 122(6):1235–1270, 2014) show that subjects’ misconception about the incentive properties of the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) value elicitation procedure can generate data patterns that look like—and might thus be misinterpreted as evidence for—preferences constructed from endowments or reference points. We test whether game form misconceptions are necessary to produce willingness-to-pay (WTP) vs. willingness-to-accept (WTA) gaps in a valuation experiment in which subjects are randomly assigned to the role of either buyer or seller. We employ a design that allows us to identify whether a subject understood the incentive properties of a price-list version of the BDM mechanism. We find a robust WTP-WTA gap, even among subjects whose elicited valuations for a good of induced and known monetary value and whose ability to identify the payoffs resulting from their choices indicate an understanding of the incentive properties of the BDM mechanism. We conclude that game form misconceptions are not a necessary condition for the emergence of WTP-WTA gaps.
The impact of economic well-being on perceptions of anti-corruption performance: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Hui , Xiao Hanyu , Gong Ting 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Corruption studies have suggested that corrupt politicians may win public support by providing substantial economic benefits to their citizens and that if a government works effectively to promote economic development, people may forgive its corruption problems. Thus, there is a positive relationship between citizens’ tolerance for political corruption and the economic benefits they receive from the government. Does economic well-being shape people's perceptions of corruption and the government's anti-corruption performance? If so, how and to what extent? To address the questions, this study draws on empirical data from a nationwide survey conducted in China in 2011. China makes an ideal case for the study because, although its unprecedented economic growth significantly improved people's living standards, the country has continued to suffer from rampant corruption. China's case illustrates the intricate relationships between the rise of economic status—perceived or actual—and attitudes toward the government's anti-corruption efforts among citizens.
Crafting accountability policy: Designing offices of inspector general
Authors: J. Kempf Robin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Offices of Inspectors General (OIGs) promise increased accountability from governmental actors. OIGs do so by monitoring governmental programs and operations and providing their findings to legislative or executive decision makers and/or the public. These offices have enjoyed a particular popularity in the United States in the last 40 years; however a close examination of these OIGs demonstrates that, particularly on the state and local levels, there is vast variation in their designs. Using both original qualitative and quantitative data this paper examines the extent to which OIGs on the state and local levels vary from an archetypal OIG. The paper demonstrates that while design variations occur as the new institution is adopted in new places, sometimes deviations from the archetype are attributable to an intentional effort, based on a recognition of and reaction to the potential power of an OIG structured according to a theoretically ideal model, to restrict the office in ways that have the potential to undercut effectiveness.
Low Yield of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Screening in Hemodialysis Patients: 10 Years’ Experience
Authors: Gebreselassie H. M. , Kaspar T. , Droz S. , Marschall J. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVETo determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization in hemodialysis patients and to analyze the cost-effectiveness of our screening approach compared with an alternative strategy.DESIGNScreening study and cost-effectiveness analysis.METHODSAnalysis of twice-yearly MRSA prevalence studies conducted in the hemodialysis unit of a 950-bed tertiary care hospital from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2013. For this purpose, nasal swab samples were cultured on MRSA screening agar (mannitol-oxacillin biplate).RESULTSThere were 20 mass screenings during the 10-year study period. We identified 415 patients participating in at least 1 screening, with an average of 4.5 screenings per patient. Of 415 screened patients, 15 (3.6%) were found to be MRSA carriers. The first mass screening in 2004 yielded the highest percentage of MRSA (6/101 [6%]). Only 7 subsequent screenings revealed new MRSA carriers, whereas 4 screenings confirmed previously known carriers, and 8 remained negative. None of the carriers developed MRSA bacteremia during the study period. The total cost of our screening approach, that is, screening and isolation costs, was US $93,930. The total cost of an alternative strategy (ie, no mass screening administered) would be equivalent to costs of isolation of index cases and contact tracing was estimated to be US $5,382 (difference, US $88,548).CONCLUSIONSIn an area of low MRSA endemicity (<5%), regular nasal screenings of a high-risk population yielded a low rate of MRSA carriers. Twice-yearly MRSA screening of dialysis patients is unlikely to be cost-effective if MRSA prevalence is low.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(9):1046–1049