bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correcting for cell-type composition bias in epigenome-wide association studies
Authors: Lowe Robert , Rakyan Vardhman K 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRecent epigenome-wide association studies have indicated a potential role for epigenetic variation in the etiology of complex human diseases. However, one major challenge is to distinguish true epigenetic variation from changes caused by differences in cellular composition between the disease and non-disease state, a problem that is particularly relevant when analyzing whole blood. For studies with large numbers of samples, it can be expensive and very time consuming to perform cell sorting, and it is often not clear which is the correct cell type to profile. Two recently published papers have attempted to address this confounding issue using bioinformatics.
Metastatic Neuroblastoma Confined to Distant Lymph Nodes (stage 4N) Predicts Outcome in Patients With Stage 4 Disease: A Study From the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Database
Authors: Morgenstern Daniel A. , London Wendy B. , Stephens Derek , Volchenboum Samuel L. , Hero Barbara , Di Cataldo Andrea , Nakagawara Akira , Shimada Hiroyuki , Ambros Peter F. , Matthay Katherine K. , Cohn Susan L. , Pearson Andrew D.J. , Irwin Meredith S. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose The presence of distant metastases is one of the most powerful predictors of outcome in patients with neuroblastoma. However, the pattern of metastatic spread is not incorporated into current risk stratification systems. Small case series have suggested that patients with neuroblastoma who have metastatic disease limited to distant lymph nodes (4N disease) may have improved outcomes. Patients and Methods We analyzed retrospective data from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group database for patients diagnosed from 1990 to 2002. 4N patients were compared with the remaining stage 4 patients (non-4N), excluding those with missing metastatic site data. Results In all, 2,250 International Neuroblastoma Staging System stage 4 patients with complete data were identified, of whom 146 (6.5%) had 4N disease. For 4N patients, event-free survival (EFS; 5-year, 77% ± 4%) and overall survival (OS; 5-year, 85% ± 3%) were significantly better than EFS (5-year, 35% ± 1%) and OS (5-year, 42% ± 1%) for non-4N stage 4 patients (P < .001). 4N patients were more likely to be younger (P < .001) and have tumors with favorable characteristics, including absence of MYCN amplification (89% v 69%; P < .001). In a multivariable analysis, 4N disease remained a significant predictor of outcome (hazard ratio for non-4N v 4N: 3.40 for EFS and 3.69 for OS). Within subgroups defined by age at diagnosis and tumor MYCN status, 4N disease was significantly associated with improved outcomes. Conclusion 4N represents a subgroup with better outcome than that of other patients with metastatic disease. These findings suggest that the biology and treatment response of 4N tumors differ from other stage 4 tumors, and less intensive therapy should be considered for this cohort. Future exploration of biologic factors determining the pattern of metastatic spread is warranted.
Stand Up to Cancer Phase Ib Study of Pan-Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Inhibitor Buparlisib With Letrozole in Estrogen Receptor-Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Mayer Ingrid A. , Abramson Vandana G. , Isakoff Steven J. , Forero Andres , Balko Justin M. , Kuba María Gabriela , Sanders Melinda E. , Yap Jeffrey T. , Van den Abbeele Annick D. , Li Yisheng , Cantley Lewis C. , Winer Eric , Arteaga Carlos L. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose Buparlisib, an oral reversible inhibitor of all class I phosphoinositide-3-kinases, has shown antitumoral activity against estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines and xenografts, alone and with endocrine therapy. This phase Ib study evaluated buparlisib plus letrozole's safety, tolerability, and preliminary activity in patients with metastatic ER-positive breast cancer refractory to endocrine therapy. Patients and Methods Patients received letrozole and buparlisib in two different administration schedules. Outcomes were assessed by standard solid-tumor phase I methods. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]FDG-PET/CT) scans were done at baseline and 2 weeks after treatment initiation. Tumor blocks were collected for phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathway mutation analysis. Results Fifty-one patients were allocated sequentially to continuous or intermittent (five on/two off days) buparlisib administration on an every-4-week schedule. Buparlisib's maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) was 100 mg/d. Common drug-related adverse events included ≤ grade 2 hyperglycemia, nausea, fatigue, transaminitis, and mood disorders. The clinical benefit rate (lack of progression ≥ 6 months) among all patients treated at the MTD was 31%, including two objective responses in the continuous dose arm. Of seven patients remaining on treatment ≥ 12 months, three had tumors with PIK3CA hot-spot mutation. Patients exhibiting metabolic disease progression by [18F]FDG-PET/CT scan at 2 weeks progressed rapidly on therapy. Conclusion The letrozole and buparlisib combination was safe, with reversible toxicities regardless of schedule administration. Clinical activity was observed independent of PIK3CA mutation status. No metabolic response by [18F]FDG-PET/CT scan at 2 weeks was associated with rapid disease progression. Phase III trials of buparlisib and endocrine therapy in patients with ER-positive breast cancer are ongoing.
Close the Gaps: A Learning-While-Doing Algorithm for Single-Product Revenue Management Problems
Authors: Wang Zizhuo , Deng Shiming , Ye Yinyu 
Published: March 2014

We consider a retailer selling a single product with limited on-hand inventory over a finite selling season. Customer demand arrives according to a Poisson process, the rate of which is influenced by a single action taken by the retailer (such as price adjustment, sales commission, advertisement intensity, etc.). The relationship between the action and the demand rate is not known in advance. However, the retailer is able to learn the optimal action on the fly as she maximizes her total expected revenue based on the observed demand reactions. Using the pricing problem as an example, we propose a dynamic learning-while-doing algorithm that only involves function value estimation to achieve a near-optimal performance. Our algorithm employs a series of shrinking price intervals and iteratively tests prices within that interval using a set of carefully chosen parameters. We prove that the performance of our algorithm is among the best of all possible algorithms in terms of the asymptotic regret (the relative loss compared to the full information optimal solution). Our result closes the performance gaps between parametric and nonparametric learning and between the post-price mechanism and the customer-bidding mechanism. Important managerial insight from this research is that the values of information on both the parametric form of the demand function as well as each customer's exact reservation price are less important than prior literature suggests. Our results also suggest that firms would be better off to perform dynamic learning and action concurrently rather than sequentially.
Conceptual tools for the description and acquisition of the German posture verb sitzen
Authors: De Knop Sabine 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe study of German posture verbs has attracted the interest of many linguists, e.g. Berthele (2004 and 2006), Fagan (1991), Kutscher-Schultze-Berndt (2007) and Serra-Borneto (1996). It is surprising that most studies disregard the posture verbThe study aims at making up for these deficits. With examples from the German corpora from the Digitales Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache (DWDS), it first describes the different uses of the verbIn the framework of Cognitive Linguistics the study also proposes some ‘conceptual tools’ to facilitate the learning of the more abstract uses of the verb sitzen. These tools are semantic networks, visuals, and conceptual metaphors. Spatial distinctions such as those between container and contact are extended to more abstract areas of experience, especially in the context of situations describing abstract states. Here one of the main issues for the learner is to find out whether the abstract goal is conceptualized as a container, a contact or still another basic spatial relation. The efficiency of these conceptual tools is tested with a cloze test conducted with French-speaking students.
Combining experimental data and corpus data: Intermediate French-speaking learners and the English present
Authors: Littré Damien 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis study combines experimental data and corpus data to describe how intermediate French-speaking learners of English perceive and (mis-)use the English present simple and present progressive.A first part of this study reports the results from an interpretation task conducted with first year, French-speaking, English language and literature university students (n = 75). With some exceptions, students were found to show greater acceptance of more prototypical prompts. They also exhibited higher certainty with these prompts.The second part of the study examines productive data from LONGDALE, a new longitudinal database of learner writing and speaking. Using annotated data for first year students, errors involving the present simple and progressive were extracted and classified in light of the interpretation task. Students were found to still make errors involving basic functions of the simple and progressive, as well as other errors that might be amenable to teaching.Finally, pedagogical implications are discussed.
ELF couples and automatic code-switching
Authors: Pietikäinen Kaisa S. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
English as a lingua franca (ELF) research has primarily concentrated on academic or business contexts so far, leaving private communication with little or no attention. This article approaches ELF use in the private sphere with focus on code-switching, by studying interviews from six couples who use ELF as the main language of the relationship. By combining conversation analysis (CA) with content analysis, it is discovered that sometimes ELF couples code-switch automatically, without noticeable awareness of switching. This, together with the observation that all couples mentioned using code-switching, indicates that ELF couples allow a relaxed attitude towards language mixing within the couple's shared range, where code-switching facilitates meaning-making without jeopardising understanding. This strategy may over time turn into such an automated process that it sometimes arises unexpectedly. The data also indicates a less restrained use of code-switching among multilingual couples who share several fluent languages.
“Maybe just things we grew up with”: linguistic and cultural hybridity in ELF couple talk
Authors: Klötzl Svitlana 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This paper investigates the use of ELF in interactions between people in a romantic relationship (couples) and explores to what extent cultural factors are involved in the process of establishing and maintaining intimacy through ELF, with the main focus on the hybrid forms in their talk. The data (audio recordings of domestic ELF interactions, questionnaires, interviews) came from four European couples representing four different first-language constellations. The data suggest that ELF couples do not conform to conventionalized ENL linguistic and cultural norms. This allows for a creative pragmatic process of hybridization and acculturation of English into the partners' private space, whereby ELF couples will accommodate the language by drawing upon any available resources, and re-load it with their own cultural values for the pretextual purpose of achieving the desired effect of mediating comity.
Study on the identification of organic and common anions in the pyrohydrolysis distillate of mixed uranium-plutonium carbide for the
interference free determination of chlorine and fluorine by ion chromatography
Authors: Jeyakumar Subbiah , Mishra Vivekchandra Guruprasad , Das Mrinal Kanti , Raut Vaibhavi Vishwajeet , Sawant Ramesh Mahadeo , Ramakumar Karanam Lakshminarayana 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Identification of various soluble organic acids formed during the pyrohydrolysis of uranium-plutonium mixed carbide [(U,Pu)C] was
carried out using ion chromatography. This has significant importance as the soluble organic acids can cause severe interferences
during the ion chromatography separation and determination of Cl− and F− in the pyrohydrolysis distillate of
(U,Pu)C. Determination of Cl and F is important in the chemical quality control of nuclear materials as these two elements can cause
corrosion and hence, their concentrations in all nuclear materials are restricted to certain specified values. Since the pyrohydrolysis
distillates contain both inorganic and organic acid anions, for the sake of separating and identifying organic acid anions from the
common inorganic anions, three independent isocratic elutions using varying concentrations of NaOH eluent were employed for the
separation of weakly, moderately and strongly retained anions. It was observed that pyrohydrolysis of (U,Pu)C also produced soluble
organic acids as in the case of nitric acid dissolution of UC. The present investigation revealed the presence of formic, acetic,
propionic, butyric, oxalic acid anions in the pyrohydrolysis distillate of (U,Pu)C in trace or ultra-trace concentrations. The presence
of each organic acid identified in the chromatogram was confirmed with spike addition as well as by separating them by capillary
electrophoresis method. The presence of lower aliphatic acids viz. formic and acetic acids was reconfirmed by carrying out an
independent separation with tetraborate eluent. It is suggested that nitric acid being formed during pyrohydrolysis could be
responsible for the formation of organic acids. Based on the findings, an ion chromatography separation method has been proposed for
the interference-free determination of chloride and fluoride in pyrohydrolysis distillate of (U,Pu)C.
Assessment of natural radioactivity in major building materials of Xiangyang, China
Authors: Feng Tingting , Lu Xinwei 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in the commonly used building materials
collected from Xiangyang were measured using NaI (Tl) gamma spectrometer. The radioactivity values of 40K,
226Ra and 232Th in the studied samples ranged from 130.5 to 1006.3, 8.4 to 164.0, and 8.7 to
145.6 Bq kg
–1, respectively. The concentrations of these radionuclides have been compared with the typical
published world values. Radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indexes, external and internal exposure
indexes, indoor air absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose rate have been calculated to assess the potential radiological
hazard associated with natural radionuclides in the studied materials. The calculated values of all the assessed indices in the
analyzed building materials except for fly ash are below the internationally accepted limits indicating that these building
materials can be safely used in dwellings construction and do not lead to any significant radiation exposure to
occupants. Nevertheless, the annual effective dose rate values of all fly ash samples, external and internal hazard indexes
values in most fly ash samples exceed the recommended values. It is, therefore, desirable to regularly monitor the natural
radioactivity level of the building materials products made from fly ash.
Clerical Child Abuse
Authors: Murphy Yvonne 
Published: March 2014

This article has been adapted from the 3rd Michael Kirby Justice Oration, delivered at the College of Law & Justice, Victoria University, Melbourne on 7 March 2013.

Ireland has been overwhelmed in the past two decades by what the Catholic Church itself has called ‘a tsunami’ of revelations of clerical child abuse – physical as well as sexual – of the meticulous concealment of abuse and abusers and of a long-established, and almost universal policy of protecting the assets and reputation of the Church, in preference to exposing the abusers. Between 2006 and 2009 Judge Yvonne Murphy chaired a Commission of Inquiry into the child sex abuse scandal in the Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin.
Copyright and Computer Generated Materials
Authors: Fitzgerald Anne , Seidenspinner Tim 
Published: March 2014

Computer generated materials are ubiquitous and we encounter them on a daily basis, even though most persons are unaware that this is the case. Blockbuster movies, television weather reports and telephone directories all include material that is produced by utilising computer technologies. Copyright protection for materials generated by a programmed computer was considered by the Federal Court and Full Court of the Federal Court in Telstra Corporation Limited v Phone Directories Company Pty Ltd. The court held that the White Pages and Yellow Pages telephone directories produced by Telstra and its subsidiary, Sensis, were not protected by copyright because they were computer-generated works which lacked the requisite human authorship. The Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) does not contain specific provisions on the subsistence of copyright in computer-generated materials. In the light of the decision of the Full Federal Court in Telstra v Phone Directories it is timely to consider whether specific provisions should be enacted to clarify the position of computer-generated works under copyright law.
Psychiatric Functioning and Quality of Life in Young Patients With Cardiac Rhythm Devices
Authors: Webster Gregory , Panek Kathryn A. , Labella Madelyn , Taylor George Alexander , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Cecchin Frank , Martuscello Maria , Walsh Edward P. , Berul Charles I. , DeMaso David R. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUND:Less is known about depression, anxiety and quality of life (QoL) in children and adolescents with pacemakers (PMs) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) than is known in adults with these devices.METHODS:A standardized psychiatric interview diagnosed anxiety/depressive disorders in a cross-sectional study. Self-report measures of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder were obtained. Medical disease severity, family functioning and QoL data were collected. A total of 166 patients were enrolled (52 ICD, 114 PM; median age 15 years).RESULTS:Prevalence of current and lifetime psychiatric disorders was higher in patients with ICDs than PMs (Current: 27% vs. 11%, P = .02; Lifetime: 52% ICD vs. 34% PM, P = .01). Patients with ICDs had more anxiety than a healthy population (25% vs. 7%, P &lt; .01). Patients with ICDs and PMs had similar levels of depression as a healthy population (ICD 10%, PM 4%, reference 4%, P = .29). In multivariate analysis including a medical disease score, demographics, exposure to beta-blockers, activity limitations, hospitalizations, shocks and procedures, the type of device (PM versus ICD) did not predict psychiatric diagnoses when age at implantation and the severity of medical disease were controlled for. Patients with ICDs and PMs had lower physical QoL scores (ICD 45, PM 47.5, Norm 53, P ≤ .03), but similar psychosocial functioning scores (ICD 49, PM 51, Norm 51, P ≥ .16) versus a normal reference population.CONCLUSIONS:Anxiety is highly prevalent in young patients with ICDs, but the higher rates can be attributed to medical disease severity and age at implantation instead of type of device.
Ceftriaxone and Acute Renal Failure in Children
Authors: Li Ning , Zhou Xuefeng , Yuan Jiyan , Chen Guiying , Jiang Hongliang , Zhang Wen 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE:
Our aim was to evaluate the clinical profile, treatment, and outcome of ceftriaxone-associated postrenal acute renal failure (PARF) in children.

METHODS:
We retrospectively studied 31 consecutive cases from 2003 to 2012 for PARF after ceftriaxone treatment. There was no past history of urolithiasis or nephropathy in these children.

RESULTS:
The average time of ceftriaxone administration before PARF was 5.2 days. The major symptoms apart from anuria included flank pain (&gt;3 years old, 25/25), excessive crying (&lt;3 years, 6/6), and vomiting (19/33). Ultrasound showed mild hydronephrosis (25/31) and ureteric calculi (11/31). Nine children recovered after 1 to 4 days of pharmacotherapy. Twenty-one children who were resistant to pharmacotherapy underwent retrograde ureteral catheterization. After catheterization of their ureters, normal urine flow was observed, and the symptoms subsided immediately. Catheter insertion failed in 1 child who subsequently underwent 3 sessions of hemodialysis before normal urination was restored. Ceftriaxone was verified to be the main component of the calculi in 4 children by tandem mass spectrometric analysis. The recovery was complete in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ceftriaxone therapy in children may cause PARF. Early diagnosis and prompt pharmacological therapy are important in relieving the condition. Retrograde ureteral catheterization is an effective treatment of those who fail to respond to pharmacotherapy.
Activity Levels in Mothers and Their Preschool Children
Authors: Hesketh Kathryn R. , Goodfellow Laura , Ekelund Ulf , McMinn Alison M. , Godfrey Keith M. , Inskip Hazel M. , Cooper Cyrus , Harvey Nicholas C. , van Sluijs Esther M.F. 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVES:To investigate the association between objectively measured maternal and preschool-aged children’s physical activity, determine how this association differs by demographic and temporal factors, and identify factors associated with maternal activity levels.METHODS:In the UK Southampton Women’s Survey, physical activity levels of 554 4-year-olds and their mothers were measured concurrently by using accelerometry for ≤7 days. Two-level mixed-effects linear regression was used to model the association between maternal and children’s minutes spent sedentary, in light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Linear regression was used to investigate correlates of maternal activity.RESULTS:Mother-child daily activity levels were positively associated at all activity intensities (sedentary, LPA, and MVPA; all P &lt; .001). The association for sedentary time was stronger for normal-weight children (versus those who were overweight/obese), and those attending preschool part-time (versus full-time). The mother-child association for LPA differed by maternal education and was stronger at the weekend (versus weekdays). The opposite was true for MVPA. Sedentary time and MVPA were most strongly associated in mornings, with LPA most strongly associated in the evenings. Maternal BMI, age leaving school, number and age of children at home, and working hours were independently associated with maternal daily sedentary time and LPA.CONCLUSIONS:Physical activity levels in mothers and their 4-year-old children are directly associated, with associations at different activity intensities influenced by temporal and demographic factors. Influences on maternal physical activity levels also differ by activity intensity. Providing targeted interventions for mothers of young children may increase both groups’ activity.