bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body image dissatisfaction among immigrant children and adolescents in Canada and the United States: A scoping review
Authors: Kimber Melissa , Couturier Jennifer , Georgiades Katholiki , Wahoush Olive , Jack Susan M. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo systematically summarize the literature examining body image dissatisfaction (BID) among immigrant children and adolescents living in Canada and the United States (US).MethodSources were identified by entering search terms into six electronic databases and by completing an electronic hand search of research journals focusing on body image. Eligible sources were those published between 1946 and November 2012, conducted within Canada or the US, included immigrant children or adolescents (<18 years), and measured BID through self‐report. Synthesis followed the principles of thematic and content analysis (Vaismoradi et al., Nurs Health Sci, 2013,15,398–405).ResultsA total of 12 sources were included in our synthesis, spanning years 1991 to 2010. These studies indicate that immigrant children and adolescents experience BID. However, the literature is plagued by a disproportionate focus on females, Latino/Hispanic immigrants, and inadequate attention to issues of measurement.DiscussionThere is no evidence about the BID experiences of immigrant children and adolescents in Canada and limited information has stemmed from the US. A more robust evidence‐base should include the use of advanced methods to examine the influence of acculturation and acculturative stress on BID among immigrant male and female children and adolescents. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:892–897)
Pain prevalence and its determinants after spinal cord injury: A systematic review
Authors: van Gorp S. , Kessels A.G. , Joosten E.A. , van Kleef M. , Patijn J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPain prevalence studies are important as they illustrate the magnitude of pain problems in a certain patient population, such as patients living with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Strikingly, reported pain prevalence rates in SCI patients are found to vary greatly, while determinants for the differences between pain prevalence reports remain unclear. We here aim to identify determinants for the differences (heterogeneity) in pain prevalence reports through a systematic review of all SCI pain prevalence reporting studies. Literature search was done using Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ISI Web of Knowledge and Embase. Data abstraction was performed while blinded and was followed by meta‐(regression)‐analyses. We identified 82 studies. Study design‐related determinants of SCI pain prevalence reports were pain definition strictness (mild, moderate or high), primary study goal (pain study or not), data source (retrospective or not), and in a limited number of cases response/attrition rates. While correcting for these items, population characteristics correlating with pain prevalence rates were both proportion of patients with a depression and average time after injury (positive correlations). Between‐study heterogeneity may remain even after the identification/correction of above‐mentioned causes of heterogeneity.Pain after SCI does seem to relate to the duration of the injury and depression, yet major causes of bias in reported pain prevalence are found to be related to the primary study goal (pain study or not), choice of pain definition and the use of retrospective data.
Phototrophic growth of Arthrospira platensis in a respiration activity monitoring system for shake flasks (RAMOS®)
Authors: Socher Maria Lisa , Lenk Felix , Geipel Katja , Schott Carolin , Püschel Joachim , Haas Christiane , Grasse Christiane , Bley Thomas , Steingroewer Juliane 
Published: May 2014

Optimizing illumination is essential for optimizing the growth of phototrophic cells and their production of desired metabolites and/or biomass. This requires appropriate modulation of light and other key inputs and continuous online monitoring of their metabolic activities. Powerful noninvasive systems for cultivating heterotrophic organisms include shake flasks in online monitoring units, but they are rarely used for phototrophs because they lack the appropriate illumination design and necessary illuminatory power. This study presents the design and characterization of a photosynthetic shake flask unit, illuminated from below by warm white light‐emitting diodes with variable light intensities up to 2300 μmol m−2 s−1. The photosynthetic unit was successfully used, in combination with online monitoring of oxygen production, to cultivate Arthrospira platensis. In phototrophic growth under continuous light and a 16 h light/8 h dark cycle (light intensity: 180 μmol m−2 s−1), the oxygen transfer rate and biomass‐related oxygen production were −1.5 mmol L−1 h−1 and 0.18 mmol O2 gx−1 h−1, respectively. The maximum specific growth rate was 0.058 h−1, during the exponential growth phase, after which the biomass concentration reached 0.75 g L−1.
A coalitional game scheme for cooperative interference management in cloud radio access networks
Authors: Sun Chengdan , Peng Mugen , Zhang Biling , Sun Yaohua , Li Yuan , Wang Chonggang 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTCloud radio access networks (C‐RANs) are promising technological paradigms to improve capacity and extend coverage. However, the severe interference resulting from high density deployment of remote radio heads (RRHs) prevents to achieve high spectrum efficiency. How to mitigate the interference is a key challenging work. This paper investigates the cooperative interference management among RRHs in C‐RANs. By forming coalitions and performing non‐coherent joint transmission within a coalition, the intra‐coalition interference among RRHs can be successfully suppressed. Considering that RRHs are selfish and rational, in this paper, the cooperation of RRHs is formulated as a coalition formation game scheme, where the necessary conditions for an RRH to cooperate are derived. To find the solution for the proposed game, an enhanced concept of defection order is proposed, based on which a self‐optimal coalition formation algorithm is proposed. The performances of the proposed algorithm, in terms of convergence, complexity and fairness, are analysed as well. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm yields significant improvements of system performance compared with both the non‐cooperative scheme and the conventional broadcasting‐based coalitional scheme.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Look at those two!: The precuneus role in unattended third‐person perspective of social interactions
Authors: Petrini Karin , Piwek Lukasz , Crabbe Frances , Pollick Frank E , Garrod Simon 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHuman beings often observe other people's social interactions without being a part of them. Whereas the implications of some brain regions (e.g. amygdala) have been extensively examined, the implication of the precuneus remains yet to be determined. Here we examined the implication of the precuneus in third‐person perspective of social interaction using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants performed a socially irrelevant task while watching the biological motion of two agents acting in either typical (congruent to social conventions) or atypical (incongruent to social conventions) ways. When compared to typical displays, the atypical displays elicited greater activation in the central and posterior bilateral precuneus, and in frontoparietal and occipital regions. Whereas the right precuneus responded with greater activation also to upside down than upright displays, the left precuneus did not. Correlations and effective connectivity analysis added consistent evidence of an interhemispheric asymmetry between the right and left precuneus. These findings suggest that the precuneus reacts to violations of social expectations, and plays a crucial role in third‐person perspective of others' interaction even when the social context is unattended. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5190–5203, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Dihydropyrans and Dihydrofurans via Radical Cyclization of Unsaturated Alcohols and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Aslan Hakan , Akpınar Deniz E. , Öktemer Atilla , Yakut Mehtap , Alagöz Oğuzhan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe oxidative cyclization reactions of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds 1a–1c and α,β‐unsaturated alcohols 2a–2f with Mn(OAc)3 were performed, leading to dihydrofurans. Treatment of 1a and 1b with 2‐methylbut‐3‐en‐2‐ol (2a) gave dihydrofurans 3aa and 3ba, and dihydropyrans 4aa and 4ba, as unexpected products. While the reaction of 2‐methylbut‐3‐yn‐2‐ol (2b) with acetylacetone (1b) yielded a bifuran, ethyl acetoacetate (1a) led to a mixture of furan, bifuran, and salicylate derivatives. Besides, surprisingly, styryl‐substituted dihydrofurans were obtained from the reactions of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and (3E)‐2,4‐diphenylbut‐3‐en‐2‐ol. The reaction mechanisms were proposed for the formation of the different products, considering intermediates in these reaction mixtures.
Formal Total Synthesis of Stevastelins B and B3
Authors: Singh Yadav Jhillu , Sekhar Mandal Satadru , Srihari Pabbaraja 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe formal total synthesis of stevastelins B and B3 (2 and 4, resp.) have been accomplished employing a highly enantiomerically controlled Lewis acid catalyzed non‐aldol approach to obtain the syn aldol product and temperature controlled hydroboration oxidation reaction to construct four consecutive stereogenic centers. The other key reactions include Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, macrolactonization, and macrolactamization towards building the core skeleton 2 and 4.
New Alkaloids from Aconitum vaginatum
Authors: Li Juan , Chang Hang , Zhao Wenyu , Pi Huifang , Ruan Hanli , Zhang Peng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTwo new amide alkaloids, vaginatunine A and B (1 and 2, resp.), and a new C18‐diterpenoid alkaloid vaginatunine C (3), together with four known alkaloids, were isolated from the tubers of Aconitum vaginatum. Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic analyses and comparison of the data with those reported previously.
Highly Convergent One‐Pot Four‐Component Regioselective Synthesis of Spiro‐pyranopyrazoles and Oxa‐aza‐[3.3.3]propellanes
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Bayat Fahimeh 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA concise and efficient route for the synthesis of spiro‐pyranopyrazoles and oxa‐aza‐[3.3.3]propellanes by simple regioselective multicomponent reaction of ninhydrin, malononitrile, hydrazine derivatives, and β‐keto esters or dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate was developed. This protocol provides an alternative method for combinatorial and parallel syntheses in drug discovery. The value of this method lies in its simplicity, regioselectivity, and good yields. The structures of 3 and 4 were corroborated spectroscopically (IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and EI‐MS). A plausible mechanism for this type of reaction is proposed (Schemes 2 and 3).
Two New Iridoids from the Root and Rhizome of Valeriana jatamansiJones
Authors: Wang Su‐Juan , Qiu Xiao‐Qian , Zhu Jian‐Yong , Ma Xue‐Qing , Lin Bing , Zheng Cheng‐Jian , Qin Lu‐Ping 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTwo new iridoids, jatamanvaltrates P and Q (1 and 2, resp.), together with three known iridoids, rupesin B (3), chlorovaltrate (4), and valtrate (5), were isolated from the root and rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi Jones. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 2D‐NMR techniques.
Synthesis and Anti‐HIV Activity of Triazolo‐Fused, Medium‐Sized Cyclic Nucleoside Analogs Prepared by an Intramolecular Huisgen 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Sun Jingbo , Liu Rongwang , Fu Qiang , Zang Jian , Tao Qiangqiang , Wu Jinchang , Zhu Hui 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMedium‐sized cyclic nucleosides containing a fused triazole ring were synthesized via intramolecular Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditon reaction. 2′,3′‐seco‐Uridine was employed as the key intermediate for the introduction of azido and alkynyl moieties in the defined positions of the reaction precursors. The cycloaddition reactions were achieved in high yields by heating the precursor in refluxing toluene. The uracil base in these target compounds was successfully transformed to the corresponding cytosine. The synthesized compounds were evaluated in a MAGI assay for their anti‐HIV activities, and in a H9 T lymphocytes assay for their cell toxicities.
Slipping up: Partial substrate degradation by ATP‐dependent proteases
Authors: Nassif Nicholas D. , Cambray Samantha E. , Kraut Daniel A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractATP‐dependent proteases are present in all organisms, where they are responsible for much of intracellular protein degradation. Most proteins are processively unfolded and degraded into small peptides; however, in a few so‐called slippery substrates, the protease stalls at a folded domain and releases a large protein fragment. In this review, we describe the properties of physiological slippery substrates that are processed in this manner by ATP‐dependent proteases and the recent advances that have been made in understanding the mechanism underlying their partial degradation. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(5):309–317, 2014
Optimization of photocatalytic decolorization of C.I. Basic Blue 41 in semi‐pilot scale prototype solar photoreactor
Authors: Bouchareb Mohammed Kheir‐eddine , Bouhelassa Mohamed , Berkani Mohammed 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe photocatalytic decolorization of C.I. Basic blue (BB41) in aqueous catalyst suspensions of titanium dioxide (TiO2), Degussa P25, was carried out in a semi‐pilot scale prototype solar photoreactor equipped with compound parabolic collectors (CPCs). The experiments on the solar reactor were performed with and without collectors. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to assess individual and interactive effects of the four main independent parameters (initial dye concentration, TiO2concentration, flow rate and initial pH) on the decolorization efficiency, the central composite design (CCD) was used for optimization of UV/TiO2 process.RESULTSThe presence of the collectors has increased the rate of decolorization of 50% for an initial dye concentration of 40 mg L−1 and after 80 kJ L−1 of visible energy accumulated. Predicted values of decolorization efficiency according to RSM were in close agreement with the experimental values (R2 = 0.9626, Adj‐R2 = 0.9252). Optimization results showed that maximum decolorization efficiency was achieved at the optimum conditions catalyst concentration 0.577 g L−1, initial dye concentration 17.933 mg L−1, flow rate 1446.8 L h−1 and initial pH 4.6 for 60 kJ L−1 of VIS energy accumulated.CONCLUSIONThe photocatalytic decolorization of a textile dye, C.I. Basic Blue 41, in a tubular solar prototype photoreactor was optimized. Response surface methodology based on the central composite design has been shown to be a powerful tool in the development of any photocatalytic process due to its impact on the economy and practicability of the process. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of inflammation‐based prognostic scores as predictors of tumor recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection
Authors: Yamamura Kazuo , Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Kanda Mitsuro , Yamada Suguru , Nomoto Shuji , Nakayama Goro , Fujii Tsutomu , Koike Masahiko , Fujiwara Michitaka , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundVarious inflammation‐based prognostic scores, including the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic index (PI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), have been associated with survival in patients with several types of cancer. This study compared the ability of these scores to predict recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative hepatectomy.MethodsData were collected prospectively from 113 patients who underwent curative resection for HCC from January 2003 to December 2012. Clinicopathological variables including preoperative inflammation‐based prognostic scores were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors predictive of RFS.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that NLR (P < 0.0001) and PI (P = 0.0194) were significantly associated with RFS. Multivariate analysis showed that NLR (hazard ratio [HR]; 2.58, P = 0.0020), tumor differentiation (HR; 9.55, P < 0.0001), serosal invasion (HR; 2.24, P = 0.0112), and vascular invasion (HR; 2.18, P = 0.0106) were independently correlated with RFS.ConclusionsPreoperative NLR is an independent predictor of RFS in patients with HCC after curative hepatectomy, and is superior to the other inflammation‐based prognostic scores.
Cocoa content influences chocolate molecular profile investigated by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry
Authors: Bonatto Cínthia C , Silva Luciano P 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDChocolate authentication is a key aspect of quality control and safety. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has been demonstrated to be useful for molecular profiling of cells, tissues, and even food. The present study evaluated if MALDI‐TOF MS analysis on low molecular mass profile may classify chocolate samples according to the cocoa content.RESULTSThe molecular profiles of seven processed commercial chocolate samples were compared by using MALDI‐TOF MS. Some ions detected exclusively in chocolate samples corresponded to the metabolites of cocoa or other constituents. This method showed the presence of three distinct clusters according to confectionery and sensorial features of the chocolates and was used to establish a mass spectra database. Also, novel chocolate samples were evaluated in order to check the validity of the method and to challenge the database created with the mass spectra of the primary samples. Thus, the method was shown to be reliable for clustering unknown samples into the main chocolate categories.CONCLUSIONSimple sample preparation of the MALDI‐TOF MS approach described will allow the surveillance and monitoring of constituents during the molecular profiling of chocolates. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Y‐ and H‐Shaped Amphiphilic PEG–PCL Block Copolymers Synthesized Combining Ring‐Opening Polymerization and Click Chemistry: Characterization and Self‐Assembly Behavior
Authors: Tirino Pasquale , Conte Claudia , Ordegno Monica , Palumbo Rosario , Ungaro Francesca , Quaglia Fabiana , Maglio Giovanni 
Published: May 2014

The aim of this work is to obtain poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (hydrophilic)–poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) (hydrophobic) block copolymers with different architectures to point out the influence of this parameter on the water self‐assembly behavior. The key role in the copolymer synthesis is played by a click chemistry strategy based on Huisgen cycloaddition, between the alkyne and azide terminal groups of different polymeric segments. The obtained copolymers are characterized by NMR, Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) techniques. In an aqueous environment, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks of the amphiphilic copolymers form the corona and the core of the nanoaggregates, respectively, giving different morphologies as a function of the copolymer architecture. Furthermore, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential measurements reveal promising features as nanocarriers of lipophilic molecules.
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Recent Progress on C‐4‐Modified Podophyllotoxin Analogs as Potent Antitumor Agents
Authors: Liu Ying‐Qian , Tian Jing , Qian Keduo , Zhao Xiao‐Bo , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Yang Liu , Nan Xiang , Tian Xuan , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPodophyllotoxin (PPT), as well as its congeners and derivatives, exhibits pronounced biological activities, especially antineoplastic effects. Its strong inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth led to the development of three of the most highly prescribed anticancer drugs in the world, etoposide, teniposide, and the water‐soluble prodrug etoposide phosphate. Their clinical success as well as intriguing mechanism of action stimulated great interest in further modification of PPT for better antitumor activity. The C‐4 position has been a major target for structural derivatization aimed at either producing more potent compounds or overcoming drug resistance. Accordingly, numerous PPT derivatives have been prepared via hemisynthesis and important structure–activity relationship (SAR) correlations have been identified. Several resulting compounds, including GL‐331, TOP‐53, and NK611, reached clinical trials. Some excellent reviews on the distribution, sources, applications, synthesis, and SAR of PPT have been published. This review focuses on a second generation of new etoposide‐related drugs and provides detailed coverage of the current status and recent development of C‐4‐modified PPT analogs as anticancer clinical trial candidates.
Quantifying iron‐oxide nanoparticles at high concentration based on longitudinal relaxation using a three‐dimensional SWIFT look‐locker sequence
Authors: Zhang Jinjin , Chamberlain Ryan , Etheridge Michael , Idiyatullin Djaudat , Corum Curtis , Bischof John , Garwood Michael 
Published: May 2014

PurposeIron‐oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have proven utility as contrast agents in many MRI applications. Previous quantitative IONP mapping has been performed using mainly T2* mapping methods. However, in applications requiring high IONP concentrations, such as magnetic nanoparticles based thermal therapies, conventional pulse sequences are unable to map T2* because the signal decays too rapidly. In this article, sweep imaging with Fourier transformation (SWIFT) sequence is combined with the Look‐Locker method to map T1 of IONPs in high concentrations.MethodsT1 values of agar containing IONPs in different concentrations were measured with the SWIFT Look‐Locker method and with inversion recovery spectroscopy. Precisions of Look‐Locker and variable flip angle (VFA) methods were compared in simulations.ResultsThe measured R1 (=1/T1) has a linear relationship with IONP concentration up to 53.6 mM of Fe. This concentration exceeds concentrations measured in previous work by almost an order of magnitude. Simulations show SWIFT Look‐Locker method is also much less sensitive to B1 inhomogeneity than the VFA method.ConclusionSWIFT Look‐Locker can accurately measure T1 of IONP concentrations ≤53.6 mM. By mapping T1 as a function of IONP concentration, IONP distribution maps might be used in the future to plan effective magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia therapy. Magn Reson Med 71:1982–1988, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure‐energy‐based predictions and network modelling of RASopathy and cancer missense mutations
Authors: Kiel Christina , Serrano Luis 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Ras/MAPK syndromes (‘RASopathies’) are a class of developmental disorders caused by germline mutations in 15 genes encoding proteins of the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway frequently involved in cancer. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in mutations of the same protein causing either cancer or RASopathies. Here, we shed light on 956 RASopathy and cancer missense mutations by combining protein network data with mutational analyses based on 3D structures. Using the protein design algorithm FoldX, we predict that most of the missense mutations with destabilising energies are in structural regions that control the activation of proteins, and only a few are predicted to compromise protein folding. We find a trend that energy changes are higher for cancer compared to RASopathy mutations. Through network modelling, we show that partly compensatory mutations in RASopathies result in only minor downstream pathway deregulation. In summary, we suggest that quantitative rather than qualitative network differences determine the phenotypic outcome of RASopathy compared to cancer mutations.