bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decompositions of factor codes and embeddings between shift spaces with unequal entropies
Authors: HONG SOONJO , JUNG UIJIN , LEE IN-JE 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGiven a factor code between sofic shifts X and Y, there is a family of decompositions of the original code into factor codes such that the entropies of the intermediate subshifts arising from the decompositions are dense in the interval from the entropy of Y to that of X. Furthermore, if X is of finite type, we can choose those intermediate subshifts as shifts of finite type. In the second part of the paper, given an embedding from a shift space to an irreducible sofic shift, we characterize the set of the entropies of the intermediate subshifts arising from the decompositions of the given embedding into embeddings.
Liking more or hating less? A modest defence of intergroup contact theory
Authors: Brown Rupert 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHere, I argue that Dixon et al. have overstated the prevalence of “benevolent” forms of prejudice; many stigmatised groups are currently the targets of overtly hostile evaluation and treatment by others (e.g., Muslims; immigrant groups). I also believe that the target article oversimplifies its presentation of prejudice researchers' primary theoretical and policy goals and that it overlooks important work in intergroup emotions.
A Window-Recursive Approach for GNSS Kinematic Navigation Using Pseudorange and Doppler Measurements
Authors: Zhou Zebo , Li Bofeng , Shen Yunzhong 
Published: November 2012

In kinematic Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) navigation, the Kalman Filter (KF) solution relies, to a great extent, on the quality of the dynamic model that describes the moving object's motion behaviour. However, it is rather difficult to establish a precise dynamic model that only connects the previous state and the current state, since these high-order quantities are usually unavailable in GNSS navigation receivers. To overcome such limitations, the Window-Recursive Approach (WRA) that employs the previous multiple states to predict the current one was developed in Zhou et al., (2010). Its essence is to adaptively fit the moving object's motion behaviour using the multiple historical states in a short time span. Up to now, the WRA method has been performed only using GNSS pseudorange measurements. However, in GNSS navigation fields, the strength of pseudorange observation model is usually weak due to various reasons, e.g., multi-path delay, outliers, insufficient visible satellites. As an important complementary measurement, Doppler can be used to aid Position and Velocity (PV) estimation. In this contribution, implementation of WRA will be developed using the pseudorange and Doppler measurements. Its corresponding state transition matrix is constructed based on the Newton's Forward Difference Extrapolation (NFDE) and Definite Integral (DI) methods for the efficient computation. The new implementation of WRA is evaluated using the real kinematic vehicular GNSS data with two sampling rates. The results show that:
(i)aided by GNSS Doppler measurement, the new implementation of WRA significantly improves the accuracy compared with the pseudorange-only WRA.(ii)In high sampling rate, the WRA works best in the case of 2 epochs in time window, while in the low sampling rate, it obtains better solutions if more epochs involved in time window.(iii)Compared with KF with constant velocity dynamic model, the WRA demonstrates better in the self-adaptation and validity.(iv)As a benefit of WRA itself, the NFDE/DI-based state transition matrix for WRA can be previously computed offline without increasing the computation burdens.
Behavioural and neuroplastic properties of chronic lurasidone treatment in serotonin transporter knockout rats
Authors: Luoni Alessia , Hulsken Sjoerd , Cazzaniga Greta , Racagni Giorgio , Homberg Judith R. , Riva Marco A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSecond-generation antipsychotics (SGA) are multi-target agents widely used for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder that also hold potential for the treatment of impaired emotional control, thanks to their diverse receptor profiles as well as their potential in modulating neuroadaptive changes in key brain regions. The aim of this study was thus to establish the ability of lurasidone, a novel SGA characterized by a multi-receptor signature, to modulate behavioural and molecular defects associated with a genetic model of impaired emotional control, namely serotonin transporter knockout (SERT KO) rats. At behavioural level, we found that chronic lurasidone treatment significantly increased fear extinction in SERT KO rats, but not in wild-type control animals. Moreover, at molecular level, lurasidone was able to normalize the reduced expression of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex of SERT KO rats, an effect that occurred through the regulation of specific neurotrophin transcripts (primarily exon VI). Furthermore, chronic lurasidone treatment was also able to restore the reduced expression of different GABAergic markers that is present in these animals. Our results show that lurasidone can improve emotional control in SERT KO rats, with a primary impact on the prefrontal cortex. The adaptive changes set in motion by repeated treatment with lurasidone may in fact contribute to the amelioration of functional capacities, closely associated with neuronal plasticity, which are deteriorated in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disease and major depression.
Infection Prevention Considerations Related to New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase Enterobacteriaceae A Case Report
Authors: Gopinath Ramya , Savard Patrice , Carroll Karen C. , Wilson Lucy E. , Landrum B. Mark , Perl Trish M. 
Published: November 2012

A 60-year-old American man who was hospitalized in India for 4 weeks after an intracranial bleed was transferred by air ambulance to a 249-bed community hospital in Maryland in January 2011. His clinical course is described elsewhere. Here, we describe the infection prevention considerations surrounding his care in the hospital. A sputum sample obtained from the patient grew a New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing (NDM) Klebsiella pneumoniae (NDM-KP) strain and panresistant Acinetobacter species, among other pathogens. Two weeks later, a perirectal swab sample grew an NDM-1 Salmonella Senftenberg (NDM-SS) isolate, described elsewhere. Gut decolonization was attempted with rifaximin 300 mg every 12 hours for 12 days. The patient was discharged home 4.5 months later. He was readmitted to the hospital within 1 week and died shortly thereafter.In recognition of his epidemiological risk factors, empiric contact isolation was instituted by the infectious disease physician who was consulted when the patient experienced a fever 24 hours after hospital admission. Once the NDM-KP strain was identified, a 1:1 nursing protocol was instituted for the patient; respiratory therapists, however, continued to care for other Patients. The patient's nurses were empowered to enforce strict contact isolation. Visitors were restricted to the patient's immediate family members. The hospital implemented an intensive education and communication program for the professional staff, nurses, respiratory therapists, ancillary personnel, and the patient's family.
Modelling biofilm‐induced formation damage and biocide treatment in subsurface geosystems
Authors: Ezeuko C. C. , Sen A. , Gates I. D. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBiofilm growth in subsurface porous media, and its treatment with biocides (antimicrobial agents), involves a complex interaction of biogeochemical processes which provide non‐trivial mathematical modelling challenges. Although there are literature reports of mathematical models to evaluate biofilm tolerance to biocides, none of these models have investigated biocide treatment of biofilms growing in interconnected porous media with flow. In this paper, we present a numerical investigation using a pore network model of biofilm growth, formation damage and biocide treatment. The model includes three phases (aqueous, adsorbed biofilm, and solid matrix), a single growth‐limiting nutrient and a single biocide dissolved in the water. Biofilm is assumed to contain a single species of microbe, in which each cell can be a viable persister, a viable non‐persister, or non‐viable (dead). Persisters describe small subpopulation of cells which are tolerant to biocide treatment. Biofilm tolerance to biocide treatment is regulated by persister cells and includes ‘innate’ and ‘biocide‐induced’ factors. Simulations demonstrate that biofilm tolerance to biocides can increase with biofilm maturity, and that biocide treatment alone does not reverse biofilm‐induced formation damage. Also, a successful application of biological permeability conformance treatment involving geologic layers with flow communication is more complicated than simply engineering the attachment of biofilm‐forming cells at desired sites.
Contrast recognizability during brilliant blue G – and heavier‐than‐water brilliant blue G–assisted chromovitrectomy: a quantitative analysis
Authors: Henrich Paul B. , Valmaggia Christophe , Lang Corina , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Haritoglou Christos , Strauss Rupert W. , Cattin Philippe C. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the potential of heavier‐than‐water brilliant blue G (BBG‐D20) to stain the internal limiting membrane (ILM) during chromovitrectomy.Methods:  In a nonrandomized, prospective, clinical multicentre study, 71 consecutive chromovitrectomy interventions in 71 patients were analysed. During routine 23‐gauge vitrectomy, conventional 0.25 mg/ml BBG was employed in 21 and 0.25 mg/ml BBG‐D20 in 50 patients. All interventions were videotaped. Post‐operatively, video frames were viewed and dye performance assessed subjectively and objectively. Main outcome measure was the chromaticity difference between the stained ILM and the unstained underlying retina, measured by means of an objective and quantitative analysis method to describe colour contrast strengths as they are perceived by the human eye.Results:  Removal of the ILM was possible in all interventions without additional vital dyes. BBG‐D20 readily sank to the retinal surface, while conventional BBG tended to swirl up throughout the vitreous cavity. Conventional BBG was removed either with active suction or with a flute needle. Brilliant blue G‐D20 needed to be whirled up from the retinal surface with a flute needle before aspiration. Objective chromaticity measurements yielded a mean chromaticity score of 7.98 for BBG‐D20 and 6.51 for BBG (p = 0.09).Conclusions:  Brilliant blue G‐D20 readily sinks to the retinal surface after injection and can be conveniently removed with a flute needle or active suction during chromovitrectomy. Based on the premises of the chromaticity measurements in this study, BBG’s ILM staining capacity was not significantly improved through the recent revision its preparation, although a tendency towards slightly improved contrasts between the ILM and the underlying retina was observed.
Visual fatigue and discomfort after stereoscopic display viewing
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Ya‐Qin , Zhang Jing‐Shang , Xu Liang , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  Different types of stereoscopic video displays have recently been introduced. We measured and compared visual fatigue and visual discomfort induced by viewing two different stereoscopic displays that either used the pattern retarder‐spatial domain technology with linearly polarized three‐dimensional technology or the circularly polarized three‐dimensional technology using shutter glasses.Methods:  During this observational cross‐over study performed at two subsequent days, a video was watched by 30 subjects (age: 20–30 years). Half of the participants watched the screen with a pattern retard three‐dimensional display at the first day and a shutter glasses three‐dimensional display at the second day, and reverse. The study participants underwent a standardized interview on visual discomfort and fatigue, and a series of functional examinations prior to, and shortly after viewing the movie. Additionally, a subjective score for visual fatigue was given.Results:  Accommodative magnitude (right eye: p < 0.001; left eye: p = 0.01), accommodative facility (p = 0.008), near‐point convergence break‐up point (p = 0.007), near‐point convergence recover point (p = 0.001), negative (p = 0.03) and positive (p = 0.001) relative accommodation were significantly smaller, and the visual fatigue score was significantly higher (1.65 ± 1.18 versus 1.20 ± 1.03; p = 0.02) after viewing the shutter glasses three‐dimensional display than after viewing the pattern retard three‐dimensional display.Conclusions:  Stereoscopic viewing using pattern retard (polarized) three‐dimensional displays as compared with stereoscopic viewing using shutter glasses three‐dimensional displays resulted in significantly less visual fatigue as assessed subjectively, parallel to significantly better values of accommodation and convergence as measured objectively.
Bifid choroid plexus: Always a normal fetal brain structure variant?
Authors: Centini Giovanni , Imperatore Alberto , Morelli Michele , Rosignoli Lucia , Passamonti Ubaldo , Caprioli Francesco , Lituania Mario 
Published: November 2012

AbstractChoroid plexus, a fetal organ developing approximately from the sixth week of gestation, plays a fundamental role in developing fetal brain organization. As relatively little is known about the relationship between anomalies of choroid plexuses structure and their role in brain function, we examined cases of bifid choroid plexus (BCP) and discussed their potential association with lateral ventriculomegaly, other abnormal ultrasound findings, and their potential role as markers of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. In the present study, we described 23 cases of fetalBCPfound in 2145 routine second trimester ultrasounds. For each patient 2Dand 3Dultrasound volumes were acquired.BCPwas defined as a choroid plexus whose body was divided into two portions (arms) differently located and oriented on the three spatial axes in correspondence to the lateral ventricle, in one or both sides. The entity of the separation and reciprocal orientation of the two arms was examined. The presence ofBCPin a low‐risk population of pregnant women undergoing routine second trimester ultrasound was showed. Lateral ventricles significantly increased in the presence ofBCP. Malformations were found in four of 23 fetuses withBCP. Pregnancy outcome was favorable only in one of these four cases. We suggest that in the presence of mono or bilateralBCPwithout associated abnormal ultrasound findings, a closer look at fetal brain or extra‐cranial structures is recommended. If no related abnormalities are found, serial prenatal and postnatal sonographic follow‐up should be considered. In the presence of concomitant abnormal findings, genetic counseling, fetal karyotyping and magnetic resonance imaging, if possible by gestational age, are strongly advised.
Impact of Preserved Myocardial Contractile Function in the Segments Attached to the Papillary Muscles on Reduction in Functional Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Tatsumi Kazuhiro , Tanaka Hidekazu , Kataoka Toshiya , Norisada Kazuko , Onishi Tetsuari , Kawai Hiroya , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: November 2012

Background: Effectiveness of functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) in heart failure patients is of growing importance for patient prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether regional myocardial contractile function as assessed by tissue Doppler strain rate imaging can predict reduction in FMR caused by dobutamine. Methods: Fifty‐one patients with depressed left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (32 ± 9%) secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy and FMR underwent evaluation of effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) of FMR, mitral valve deformation, global LV remodeling, and regional myocardial contractile function assessed by longitudinal peak systolic strain rate (Ssr) in 6 mid‐LV segments from standard apical views. We also determined the average Ssr of segments attached to the papillary muscles, that is, the inferior, inferolateral, and anterolateral segments (PM segments Ssr). Low‐dose (10 μg/kg per minute) dobutamine‐induced reduction in ERO was compared with baseline variables. Results: Baseline valve tenting was associated with dobutamine‐induced reduction in ERO (r = −0.30, P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that baseline valve tenting, LV sphericity index, inferior Ssr, inferolateral Ssr, and PM segments Ssr were predictors of dobutamine‐induced ≥30% reduction in ERO. Importantly, only PM segments Ssr predicted dobutamine‐induced ≥20% reduction in valve tenting with area under the curve of 0.67 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Preserved myocardial contractile function in the segments attached to the PMs was associated with dobutamine‐induced reduction in mitral valve tenting and FMR, suggesting that our findings are important for improvement in cardiac function and FMR with medical treatment.
Maternal Care and Infanticide by Males in Helvibis longicauda (Araneae: Theridiidae)
Authors: Gonzaga Marcelo O. , Leiner Natália O. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMaternal care in spiders varies from just the construction of a protective silken structure for the eggs and the selection of a safe site to place them, to a long period of association between the mother and spiderlings. Such extended care may involve the active protection from predators and parasitoids, food regurgitation, the production of trophic eggs and even matriphagy. In this study, we describe extended maternal care in Helvibis longicauda (Theridiidae) and evaluate the effectiveness of maternal protection against predators of eggs and spiderlings. We conducted experiments comparing the frequency of egg sac destruction and mortality of spiderlings in the presence and absence of mothers. We also observed the behaviour of the mother and spiderlings during prey capture events and interactions with possible predators. Helvibis longicauda females guard their egg sacs until the emergence of the young and guard the spiderlings for several instar stages, fighting possible predators, including conspecifics. We found that aggressive behaviour by females increased the survival of both eggs and spiderlings in our experiments. Intruder males were the main source of mortality in the absence of females. The benefits of maternal care for the young also include the acquisition of prey items that are captured, immobilized and pre‐digested by the mother. Effective maternal protection and the extended period of supplying food to juveniles probably contribute to the late dispersal of offspring in H. longicauda.
Choice architecture as a means to change eating behaviour in self‐service settings: a systematic review
Authors: Skov L. R. , Lourenço S. , Hansen G. L. , Mikkelsen B. E. , Schofield C. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe primary objective of this review was to investigate the current evidence base for the use of choice architecture as a means to change eating behaviour in self‐service eating settings, hence potentially reduce calorie intake. Twelve databases were searched systematically for experimental studies with predefined choice architecture interventions in the period of June 2011–March 2012. The 12 included studies were grouped according to type of interventions and underwent a narrative synthesis. The evidence indicates that (i) health labelling at point of purchase is associated with healthier food choice, while (ii) manipulating the plate and cutlery size has an inconclusive effect on consumption volume. Finally, (iii) assortment manipulation and (iv) payment option manipulation was associated with healthier food choices. The majority of studies were of very weak quality and future research should emphasize a real‐life setting and compare their results with the effect of other more well‐established interventions on food behaviour in self‐service eating settings.
Cutaneous tumor cell load correlates with survival in patients with Sézary syndrome
Authors: Booken Nina , Nicolay Jan Peter , Weiss Christel , Klemke Claus‐Detlev 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackground: Sézary syndrome (SS) is defined by the triad of erythroderma, generalized lymphadenopathy and more than 1 000 circulating Sézary cells/μl in the peripheral blood.Patients and Methods: We screened the cutaneous lymphoma registry of our department for SS patients to identify clinical features of SS besides the defining criteria and to correlate them with disease survival.Results: 24 SS patients were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age was 65 years with 62 % male patients. The median follow‐up time was 32.5 months with an estimated 5‐year overall survival rate of 76 %. All patients complained about itching and presented with palmoplantar keratoderma. 62.5 % had nail involvement, 21 % alopecia, 12.5 % ectropion, 4 % prurigo nodularis, 8 % localized and 8 % generalized skin tumors, including leonine facies. In addition, 33 % had infections and also 33 % had venous thromboembolism. We identified cutaneous tumor cell load as a significant prognostic marker for SS. None of the other parameters were associated with disease specific survival.Conclusions: Clinically SS is characterized by various presentations beyond erythroderma. The cutaneous tumor cell load in SS is strongly associated with outcome and survival. We demonstrate a high risk for venous thromboembolism in SS patients who might benefit from anti‐coagulation therapies.
Quantitative estimation of vertical heights of maxillary and mandibular jawbones in elderly dentate and edentulous subjects
Authors: Panchbhai Arati S. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe residual alveolar ridge resorption is inevitable with aging. The purpose of the study was to determine and compare differences in the vertical measurements of jaw bones in elderly dentate and edentulous subjects. The study sample included 51 elderly dentate subjects and 59 edentulous subjects. The panoramic radiographs were used to quantify the reduction in the alveolar ridges at 5 sites in each jaw. There were significant differences between elderly dentate and edentulous subjects in maxilla and mandible. The percentage reduction in the vertical height of edentulous subjects as compared to dentate subjects ranges from 29% to 39%. The reduction in the heights was greater in mandible than in maxilla in both the study groups. The vertical measurements were significantly greater in men than in women in maxilla and the mandible. Vertical heights of maxillary and mandibular jaw bones are important factors in planning complete denture and the implant supported prosthesis. Further studies would be necessary to determine the region specific resorption of jaw bones and its association with the duration of denture wear in edentulous subjects.