bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach for Image Enhancement via Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform
Authors: Tan Yunlan , Li Chao , Li Guangyao , Luo Wenlang , Tang Weidong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn improved image enhancement approach via nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) is proposed in this article. We constructed a geometric image transform by combining nonsubsampled directional filter banks and a nonlinear mapping function. Here, the NSCT of the input image is first decomposed for L-levels and its noise standard deviation is estimated. It is followed by calculating the noise variance and threshold calculation, and computing the magnitude of the corresponding coefficients in all directional subbands. Then, the nonlinear mapping function is used to modify the NSCT coefficients for each directional subband, which keeps the coefficients of strong edges, amplifies the coefficients of weak edges, and zeros the noise coefficients. Finally, the enhanced image is reconstructed from the modified NSCT coefficients. Three experiments are carried out respectively on images from subjective vision quality and objective evaluation measures. The first experiment is the algorithm performed on images. The subsequent experiments are the information entropy and spatial frequency. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can gain better performance in enhancing the low-contrast parts of an image while keeping its clear edges.
A Review on Welding of AISI 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Prasad Kondapalli Siva , Rao Chalamalasetti Srinivasa , Rao Damera Nageswara 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAISI 304L is an austenitic Chromium-Nickel stainless steel offering the optimum combination of corrosion resistance, strength, and ductility. These attributes make it a favorite for many mechanical switch components. The low carbon content reduces susceptibility to carbide precipitation during welding. In the present paper a thorough review on welding of AISI 304L austenitic Stainless Steel by various welding processes was made. From the review it is understood that AISI 304L austenitic Stainless Steel is the best material where there is a problem of intergranular corrosion. Also it is one of the best materials frequently used in manufacturing non heat treatable components.
Again on relative clause and subordination in Latin
Authors: Calboli Gualtiero 
Published: May 2014

AbstractI started from the relative clause which occurs in Hittite, and in particular with the enclitic position of the relative pronoun. This is connected with the OV position and this position seems to have been prevailing in Hittite and PIE. The syntactic structure usually employed in Hittite between different clauses is the parataxis. Nevertheless, also the hypotaxis begins to be employed and the best occasion to use it was the diptych as suggested by Haudry, though he didn't consider the most natural and usual diptych: the law, where the crime and the sanction build a natural diptych already in old Hittite. Then I used Justus' and Boley's discussion on the structure of Hittite sentence and found a similarity with Latin, namely the use of an animate subject as central point of a sentence. With verbs of action in ancient languages the subject was normally an animate being, whereas also inanimate subject is employed in modern languages. This seems to be the major difference between ancient and modern structure of a sentence, or, better to say, in Hittite and PIE the subject was an animate being and this persisted a long time, and remained as a tendency in Latin, while in following languages and in classical grammar the subject became a simple nominal “entity” to be predicated and precised with verb and other linguistic instruments. A glance has been cast also to pronouns and particles (sometimes linked together) as instruments of linking nominal variants of coordinate or subordinate clauses and to the development of demonstrative/deictic pronouns. Also in ancient case theory a prevailing position was assured to the nominative case, the case of the subject.
Type III Bartter-like syndrome in an infant boy with Gitelman syndrome and autosomal dominant familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus
Authors: Brugnara Milena , Gaudino Rossella , Tedeschi Silvana , Syrèn Marie-Louise , Perrotta Silverio , Maines Evelina , Zaffanello Marco 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We report the case of an infant boy with polyuria and a familial history of central diabetes insipidus. Laboratory blood tests disclosed hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperreninemia, and hyperaldosteronism. Plasma magnesium concentration was slightly low. Urine analysis showed hypercalciuria, hyposthenuria, and high excretion of potassium. Such findings oriented toward type III Bartter syndrome (BSIII). Direct sequencing of the CLCNKB gene revealed no disease-causing mutations. The water deprivation test was positive. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a lack of posterior pituitary hyperintensity. Finally, direct sequencing of the AVP-NPII gene showed a point mutation (c.1884G>A) in a heterozygous state, confirming an autosomal dominant familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (adFNDI). This condition did not explain the patient’s phenotype; thus, we investigated for Gitelman syndrome (GS). A direct sequencing of the SLC12A3 gene showed c.269A>C and c.1205C>A new mutations. In conclusion, the patient had a genetic combination of GS and adFNDI with a BSIII-like phenotype.
Crystal structure of 2-cinnamenyl-1-ferrocenylsulfonyl-1H-1,3-benzimidazole, C25H20FeN2O2S
Authors: Wang Lu-Yao , Meng Dong , Li Lu , Zhang Bing-Sen 
Published: May 2014

Abstract C25H20FeN2O2S, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 24.0837(6) Å, b = 9.9163(2) Å, c = 19.9314(5) Å, β = 117.055(1)°, V = 4239.2 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0301, wRref(F2) = 0.0848, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of dimethyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5- dicarboxylate, C15H14ClNO4
Authors: He Jing-Yu , Yao Qing-Guo , Liu Si-Jie , Jia Hui-Zhen , Yu Hong-Wei 
Published: May 2014

Abstract C15H14ClNO4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.3515(6) Å, b = 7.4351(5) Å, c = 23.931(2) Å, β = 96.655(1)°, V = 1476.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0503, wRref(F2) = 0.1412, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of catena-bis[(4-chlorobenzoate-κO)-(1,4-bis(2-methylbenzimidazol- 1-ylmethyl)benzene-κ2N:N')zinc(II)], C38H30Cl2N4O4Zn
Authors: Xu Chun-Ying , Chen Qiuxi , Kang Guohui , Su Tong , Yang Xuechun 
Published: May 2014

Abstract C38H30Cl2N4O4Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.5694(8) Å, b = 14.143(1) Å, c = 21.969(2) Å, β = 100.856(2)°, V = 3530.5 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0499, wRref(F2) = 0.1282, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(1,10-phenanthroline)-zinc(II) bis(thiophene-3-carboxy-4-carboxylate) heptahydrate, [Zn(H2O)2(C12H8N2)2][(C6H3O4S)2]·7H2O, C36H40N4O17S2Zn
Authors: Liu Shu-Hua , Zhang Rui-Ling , Li En-Xia , Xu Qing-Zhong 
Published: May 2014

Abstract C36H40N4O17S2Zn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 16.690(3) Å, b = 22.905(2) Å, c = 12.940(2) Å, β = 124.849(6)°, V = 4059.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0473, wRref(F2) = 0.1327, T = 293 K.
Redetermination of the crystal structure of ammonium formiate at 200 K, CH5NO2
Authors: Hosten Eric , Betz Richard 
Published: May 2014

Abstract CH5NO2, monoclinic, Pc (no. 7), a = 3.7747(3) Å, b = 4.6743(3)Å, c = 9.0947(8) Å, β = 90.642(4)°, V = 160.5 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0168, wRref(F2) = 0.0427, T = 200(2) K.
Structure–activity relationships of guanylated antimicrobial polymethacrylates
Authors: Locock Katherine E.S. , Michl Thomas D. , Griesser Hans J. , Haeussler Matthias , Meagher Laurence 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHost-defense antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising lead in the search for novel antibiotics. Many of these peptides exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial ability, low toxicity toward human cells, and little susceptibility to induction of bacterial resistance. Our research focuses on the development of synthetic polymers that are able to mimic the amphiphilic and cation-rich characteristics of AMPs. This derives bioactive polymers that retain the activity profile of AMPs while utilizing a construct that is less expensive and easier to produce and manipulate chemically. This review details structure–activity relationships (SARs) of a new class of arginine-rich, synthetic AMP mimicking polymers (SAMPs), the guanylated polymethacrylates. These are contrasted with those of amine-based polymers that are mimics of lysine-rich AMPs. The ideal composition for candidates for practical applications was identified as those containing guanidines as a cation source, having a low molecular weight and a low level of lipophilicity. This gave polymers with high potency against Gram-positive strains of bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus epidermidis MIC = 10 μg/mL) and low toxicity towards human red blood cells (<4% hemolysis at given MIC). This work emphasizes the need to rationalize observed biological activities based not purely on the global lipophilic and cationic character of polymers but rather to consider the profound effect that specific pendant functional groups may have on the potency, selectivity, and mechanisms behind the action of antimicrobial polymers.
Effects of chain extender in biodegradable polyurethane foams
Authors: Kang Sung Moon , Kang Moo Seok , Kwon Sun Hong , Park Hyun , Kim Byung Kyu 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Molded flexible polyurethane (PU) foams were synthesized from a starch/petroleum based polyol, 2,4/2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI-80), using a one shot method with water as the blowing agent. The effects of chain extender type [starch (S series), diethanolamine (DEA, D series), glycerol (G series)] and content (0, 2, 5, 10 pphr) were extensively studied. The rate of foam formation, density, compression strength, glass transition temperature (Tg) and rubbery modulus of the foam increased with the addition and increasing content of extender. At the same extender content, DEA showed the highest of these properties, while starch showed the lowest. The rate of biodegradation in a buffer solution decreased with the addition of DEA and glycerol, due to the increased crosslinking density and hard segment content, but increased with starch, owing to its biodegradability.
Unique viscosity mutation of multi-generation hyperbranched waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Li Heng , Liu Yuhang , Sun Ning , Xu Zhaohua , Li Yibiao , Jiang Shaohua 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Different generation hyperbranched polyurethanes (HBPUs) were synthesized through the A2+B’B2 strategy. The molecular structures and viscosity were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The NMR results confirmed the formation of the branched units between the segments contained in the HBPU structure. The GPC with a four-capillary bridge design differential viscometer and the Ubbelohde viscometer showed a different viscosity. For the HBPUs, the viscosity first increased to higher values then decreased to lower values, and finally increased with increasing weight, which can be attributed to the spherical structure. The growth degree of HBPUs spherical structure depends on the forming hydrogen bonds; when the hydrogen bonds reach a certain degree, the spherical structure becomes compact.
Cm(III) sorption by silica: effect of alpha hydroxy isobutyric acid
Authors: Kar Aishwarya Soumitra , Tomar Bhupendra Singh 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Sorption of Cm(III) on silica surface from aqueous solutions of varying pH was investigated in absence and presence of alpha hydroxy
isobutyric acid (HIBA) by employing batch sorption and surface complexation modeling (SCM). Cm(III) sorption on silica increased with
the pH of the suspension and remained constant above pH∼6. With increase in HIBA concentration, the sorption edge shifted to
higher pH. The effect of addition order of HIBA and Cm(III) on the sorption was studied and higher shift in sorption edge, as compared
to binary system, was observed when HIBA was added to silica suspension prior to Cm(III). The sorption data could be satisfactorily
explained by SCM in all the systems. The results have been compared with that reported earlier on the effect of HIBA on sorption
behaviour of Eu(III) by silica. Further, the use of small organic molecules as model compounds of humic acid (HA) has been evaluated by
comparing the influence of HA and HIBA on sorption of Cm(III) on to silica.
Computertomografie für industrielle dimensionelle Messtechnik
Authors: Schmitt Robert , Isenberg Christopher 
Published: May 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die Computertomografie (CT) hat aufgrund ihrer
Fähigkeit, zerstörungsfrei innere und
äußere Merkmale von Bauteilen zu prüfen und dimensionell zu
messen, in den letzten Jahren viele neue
Anwendungsgebiete erschlossen. Dieser Artikel beschreibt
die Funktionsweise der Computertomografie, beleuchtet
messtechnische Aspekte und gibt einen Überblick
über die vielfältigen Anwendungsbereiche anhand von
exemplarischen Bauteilen.
TRANSLATION THEORY - MERELY A DESCRIPTIVE DISCIPLINE?
Authors: Herbst Thomas 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The article addresses a few questions concerning the nature of translation theory. The main issue discussed is whether translation theory should be seen as a discipline that basically providing an academic framework that can serve as the basis for practical translation and the training of translators or whether it should be regarded as a branch of e.g. descriptive linguistics since its purpose is to describe what translators do rather than to outline what they ought to do.
Mainstream Movies and the Reimagination of History in The Patriot (2000)
Authors: Schermaul Ulrich 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The essay demonstrates how Hollywood meets history. It will examine the ways in which the mainstream movie fuses filmic and non-filmic discourses in order to stage the American Revolution on screen. On the one hand, the film appropriates legendary figures and folk tales about some colonial militia leaders who fought against the British troops during the war of independence. The Patriot assembles a historical patchwork hero whose on-screen appearance renders a culturally meaningful narrative about America's past for contemporary viewers. On the other hand, the film visualizes history through star performance and references to earlier historical movies. The. essay will argue that the very patchworking of characters and the cinematic 'quilting' of life stories form essential strategies for mainstreaming history in Hollywood movies.
The Beat of the Land: Place and Music in Tim Winton’s Dirt Music
Authors: Crane Kylie 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The title of Tim Winton’s 2001 novel Dirt Music reveals one of the central binaries at work within: Dirt, or place, presence, nature on the one hand, and Music, or emotions, past, culture on the other. Dirt Music, set in Western Australia, revolves around the love story between Georgie Jutland and Lu(ther) Fox. Lu, a folk guitarist, retreats from society after the tragic death of his family, who also formed his band. During his stay in the deserted North Australian coastal region, he experiments with the possibilities of living - and making music - outside of cultural constraints. The emphasis in this paper will be on how the two factors of dirt and music interplay within the construction of his identity. The novel proposes a perspective on music that eventually offers a reconciliation of the alienation of man’s identity between nature and culture.
The Birth of Rock ‘n’ Roll out of the Spirit of Myth: Salman Rushdie’s The Ground Beneath Her Feet
Authors: Glomb Stefan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Rushdie’s 1999 novel The Ground Beneath Her Feet is a 20th century version of the myth of Orpheus (Ormus Cama) and Eurydike (Vina Apsara) and the rise and fall of the fictional rock band VTO. The amalgamation of myth and rock ‘n’ roll is closely connected with the novel’s emphasis on the necessity of keeping the ground beneath our feet, i.e. that which we think of as real and true, in motion. By showing how rock ‘n’ roll, in spite of all its negative aspects, has been driven by the need to shake what is all too stable and to cross boundaries of all kinds, the novel suggests a more positive evaluation of rock music than is common in many academic discussions of the subject today.
Writing Punk: Punk Narratives in the 1990s and John King’s Novel Human Punk
Authors: Rupp Susanne 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This essay explores narratives of punk which were written in the 1990s, a decade which saw a renewed interest in the subject, probably mainly due to the former participants’ autobiographical impulse, as well as to a debate about the death of rock music. However, rather than attempting to reconstruct the ‘real’ history of punk, this essay sets out to analyze conflicting representations of punk. The focus of this investigation is on John King’s novel Human Punk (2001), which presents punk as social practice, deeply rooted in the ‘ordinary life’ of ‘ordinary people’ (as King puts it). To a certain extent, King’s novel argues against an alternative rendering of punk-history, epitomized by Jon Savage’s influential cultural history of punk, England’s Dreaming (2001). In contrast to King, Savage conceptualizes punk as art and thus ascribes different ideological and aesthetic functions to punk determining and defining its place in contemporary cultural memory.
Facing Depression in 20th-Century American Photography
Authors: Böger Astrid 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This essay focuses on 20th-century portrait photography, and argues that the facial portrait has become one of the most productive conventions in the history of the medium. It considers the social documentary work of Lewis Hine, as well as Dorothea Lange's and Walker Evans's government-sponsored photography of the Depression. Portraits by Robert Frank and Richard Avedon created in the context of, but also independently from, The New York School of Photography are discussed subsequently. The images considered here have in common that they mobilize the viewer's affective response, while at the same time they negotiate the shifting relationship between the photographer, his or her subject, and the viewer. Finally, Avedon's project In the American West, 1979-1984 is presented as a basis to question the (conventional) position of the human subject as the object of the photographer's look, as Avedon conceives of photo portraiture as an essentially mutual, performative act.
Pharmakon Zeitreise: Verborgene kulturelle Phantasmen in Audrey Niffeneggers The Time Traveler's Wife
Authors: Mieszkowskl Sylvia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Henry DeTamble is unable to stay in time. A genetic defect causes the protagonist of Audrey Niffenegger's The Time Traveler's Wife (2003) to unwillingly and spontaneously 'fallout of the present' - without control as to where the trip takes him or when he might be back. Henry and his wife Clare Abshire are the novel's two alternating first person narrators who also focalise the plot of their (extra-) ordinary marriage. My first thesis suggests that, in this novel, time traveling is a cultural fentasy. Having traced the term from Freud's 'Phantasie' to Lacan's 'fantasme' and Žižek's 'fantasm,' I shall focus on the question of how time traveling stages. other, more hidden, cultural fantasies. It"is this article's second contention that time traveling is characterised by precisely those contradictory qualities which define Derrida's term 'pharmakon.' Abrief introduction of this second concept will allow me to show more precisely how time traveling as a cultural fantasm operates in tackling issues crucial to the formation of the (heterosexual) couple such as negotiation of gender roles, empowerment and self-supplementation as weIl as structures of desire.
Transgressive Utopian Dystopias: The Postmodern Reappearance of Utopia in the Disguise of Dystopia
Authors: Mohr Dunja M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
With utopia’s heyday of the second half of the 19th century long gone with only a momentary flare up as feminist utopia in the 1970s, utopian literature seems to remain in limbo. Indeed, many critics have agreed upon a diminished belief in a potentially better world if not upon the disappearance of utopian literature and the impossibility of utopian thought altogether. Yet utopia is very much alive: it has reappeared in the disguise of novels, initially set as dystopias, predominantly in the contemporary feminist dystopias of the past twenty to thirty years. These ‘transgressive utopian dystopias’ resist neat categorizations of utopia/dystopia; rather, they present utopian strategies as integral part of the dystopian narrative. While the described dystopian societies are riven by manifold dualisms, the suggested utopian impulses aim at their transgression. These utopian strategies can be single glimpses of hope, as Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake (2003) illustrates, or contain the very downfall or subversion of dystopia and the actual process of building utopia, as in Suzy McKee Charnas’s Holdfast tetralogy (1974-1999).
Utopian Moments in the Novels of Chang-rae Lee
Authors: Ludwig Sämi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Utopias in the traditional sense are hard to find in contemporary literature. Still we do find utopian moments in many of the representations of a flawed world. In Chang-rae Lee’s three novels Native Speaker, A Gesture Life, and Aloft utopian aspects mainly manifest themselves in the private realm; there mutual understanding is possible because the generation of new intended meanings is possible. An expansion of such discursive regeneration as a Christian model of mutual support, however, remains difficult in the wider society because minorities (in his case mainly Korean Americans) remain excluded from the public realm of a policing syntax that imposes petrified old patterns of binary competition upon them. Nevertheless, there are incidents of modest progress, i.e., there is a pragmatist vision of survival and even optimism in Lee’s work that focuses, particularly in his last novel, on the family as the American nucleus of development and agency, combining both traditional ‘family values’ and Asian notions of filiality. Thus ultimately Lee’s vision of a good future remains a quintessentially American one.
“Zuspruch inmitten Sinnlosigkeit”: Zur Rezeption T.S. Eliots im Deutschland der Nachkriegszeit
Authors: Boecker Bettina 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
It was only after World War 11 that Germans discovered T.S. Eliot's poeuy, drama and cultural criticism. Eliot's intellectual development seemed to offer a paradigmatic example of how to cope with the predicaments of modernity: The desperation of "The Waste Land" and the iconoclastic tendencies of "Tradition and the Individual Talent" had transmuted into the conciliatory - if often dogmatic - tones of the work produced after his conversion to Anglo-Catholicism. Eliot proffered much-needed spiritual guidance to a country faced with total breakdown - material as well as moral His espousal of tradition as the basis for any kind of new beginning was especially pertinent to the country's search for a new identity. Eliot's Christian teachings, however, met with mixed reactions. Endorsed by many critics and intellectuals, they found little favour with audiences of his play Murder in the Cathedral, which premiered in Germany in 1947. After years of indoctrination, many were tired of messages as such. The controversy about Eliot's Christian doctrines marks the beginning of a debate about Eliot the cultural critic which continued well into the 1970s.