bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Micro Threads Alteration on Osseointegration and Primary Stability of Implants: An FEA and In Vivo Analysis in Rabbits
Authors: Chowdhary Ramesh , Halldin Anders , Jimbo Ryo , Wennerberg Ann 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurposeTo describe the early bone tissue response to implants with and without micro threads designed to the full length of an oxidized titanium implant.Materials and MethodsA pair of two‐dimensional finite element models was designed using a computer aided three‐dimensional interactive application files of an implant model with micro threads in between macro threads and one without micro threads. Oxidized titanium implants with (test implants n = 20) and without (control implants n = 20) micro thread were prepared. A total of 12 rabbits were used and each received four implants. Insertion torque while implant placement and removal torque analysis after 4 weeks was performed in nine rabbits, and histomorphometric analysis in three rabbits, respectively.ResultsFinite element analysis showed less stress accumulation in test implant models with 31Mpa when compared with 62.2 Mpa in control implant model. Insertion and removal torque analysis did not show any statistical significance between the two implant designs. At 4 weeks, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the percentage of new bone volume and bone‐to‐implant contact in the femur (p < .05); however, not in the tibia.ConclusionsThe effect of micro threads was prominent in the femur suggesting that micro threads promote bone formation. The stress distribution supported by the micro threads was especially effective in the cancellous bone.
Patterns of uptake in a biennial faecal occult blood test screening programme for colorectal cancer
Authors: Steele R. J. C. , McClements P. L. , Libby G. , Carey F. A. , Fraser C. G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimThe patterns of response in faecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening were studied.MethodA total of 251 578 people invited three times for faecal occult blood testing were categorized according to how they responded to the invitations, as follows: YNN, NYN, NNY, NYY, YNY, YYN, YYY or NNN (Y = response; N = no response).ResultsOverall, 163 038 (64.8%) responded at least once, and of those the biggest category was YYY (98 494, 60.4%). Of 1927 cancers diagnosed in the age group eligible for screening, there were 405 screen‐detected cancers, 529 interval cancers and 993 cancers arising in people who had not been screened for over 2 years (i.e. falling outside the interval cancer category). In the YYY group, 79 screen‐detected cancers would have been missed had the members of this group responded YNN and 65 had they responded YYN. In the YYN group, 104 screening cancers would have been missed if they had followed the YNN pattern. In most cases, the screen‐detected cancers were diagnosed at the last invitation accepted, indicating that, after a diagnosis of cancer, further screening invitations were rarely accepted. Accordingly, the numbers of screen‐detected and interval cancers were adjusted for likely pattern of response according to the proportion of the whole population falling into each pattern. With this adjustment, 40.9% of the cancers in the YYY group were screen detected compared with 29.3% in the YYN group and 20.7% in the YNN group (P < 0.001). Among those who responded once, twice and three times, the stage distribution of screen‐detected cancers was similar, indicating that the prognosis of screen‐detected cancer is unlikely to be poorer if not detected at the first screen.ConclusionThis study is the first to examine patterns of response to screening invitations and confirms the importance to individuals of continuing to accept repeated screening invitations.
Gene expression profile is associated with chemoradiation resistance in rectal cancer
Authors: Gantt G. A. , Chen Y. , DeJulius K. , Mace A. G. , Barnholtz‐Sloan J. , Kalady M. F. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimPatients with rectal cancer who achieve a complete pathological response after preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) have an improved oncological outcome. Identifying factors associated with a lack of response could help our understanding of the underlying biology of treatment resistance. This study aimed to develop a gene expression signature for CRT‐resistant rectal cancer using high‐throughput nucleotide microarrays.MethodPretreatment biopsies of rectal adenocarcinomas were prospectively collected and freshly frozen according to an institutional review board‐approved protocol. Total tumour mRNA was extracted and gene expression levels were measured using microarrays. Patients underwent proctectomy after completing standard long‐course CRT and the resected specimens were graded for treatment response. Gene expression profiles for nonresponders were compared with those of responders. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed for functional significance using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software.ResultsThirty‐three patients treated between 2006 and 2009 were included. We derived 812‐gene and 183‐gene signatures separating nonresponders from responders. The classifiers were able to identify nonresponders with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% using the 812‐gene signature, and sensitivity and specificity of 33% and 100% using the 183‐gene signature. IPA canonical pathway analysis revealed a significant ratio of differentially expressed genes in the ‘DNA double‐strand break repair by homologous recombination’ pathway.ConclusionCertain rectal cancer gene profiles are associated with poor response to CRT. Alterations in the DNA double‐strand break repair pathway could contribute to treatment resistance and provides an opportunity for further studies.
Treatment, outcome and quality of life after Fournier's gangrene: a multicentre study
Authors: Czymek R. , Kujath P. , Bruch H.‐P. , Pfeiffer D. , Nebrig M. , Seehofer D. , Guckelberger O. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimThe object of this study was to describe the course of Fournier's gangrene and assess quality of life in a group of affected patients.MethodWe evaluated patients who received inpatient treatment for Fournier's gangrene at five hospitals in northern Germany from 1995 to 2010. Surviving patients were asked to take part in a clinical follow‐up and complete the Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) quality‐of‐life questionnaire and a disease‐specific questionnaire including a physical examination.ResultsOf the 86 patients, 72 (83.7%) were men. The mean age of the patients was 57.9 ± 13.9 (25–89) years. The mean length of hospital stay was 52.0 ± 54.0 (1–329) days. Fourteen (16.3%) patients (eight men) died primarily from Fournier's gangrene. The most common aetiological event was anogenital abscess formation (n = 24; 27.9%). Seventy‐one (82.5%) patients had a mixed polymicrobial infection. SF‐36 physical role functioning (P = 0.010), physical functioning (P = 0.008), general health (P = 0.010) and physical health summary (P = 0.006) scores were significantly lower than those of the normal population. Deterioration in sexual function was reported by 65% of the patients.ConclusionPatients with Fournier's gangrene experience persistent physical and mental health problems for a long period of time following their primary hospital stay and must receive long‐term care from a variety of specialists, otherwise the disease leads to an increase in the duration of morbidity and a decrease in quality of life.
Visualization and hypervascularization of the haemorrhoidal plexus in vivo using power Doppler imaging transanal ultrasonography and three‐dimensional power Doppler angiography
Authors: Miyamoto H. , Asanoma M. , Miyamoto H. , Takasu C. , Masamune K. , Shimada M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate the distribution of haemorrhoidal arteries and the relationship between vascularity and growth of haemorrhoids.MethodOne‐hundred and three patients with haemorrhoids were studied. Using power Doppler imaging (PDI) transanal ultrasound and three‐dimensional power Doppler angiography (3D‐PDA), the course of the arteries supplying the haemorrhoids was identified. Measurement of the PDI area was made using the cursor to outline the power Doppler signal of the haemorrhoid, approximately 1 cm above the dentate line.ResultsThe haemorrhoidal arteries were seen as branches of the superior rectal artery and were detected in 75.7, 71.8, 68.0 and 62.1% of the 11, 7, 3 and 1 o'clock positions in the lithotomy position. The median number of haemorrhoidal arteries significantly increased from three to six with progression of the Goligher classification from Grade 1 to Grade 4 (P < 0.0001). The PDI areas in Grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 0.04 ± 0.03, 0.18 ± 0.07, 0.38 ± 0.18 and 0.96 ± 0.32 cm2 (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe distribution of haemorrhoidal arteries varies widely in both number and position. Using PDI transanal ultrasonography and 3D‐PDA it was possible to visualize the haemorrhoid plexus and the course of the haemorrhoidal artery in vivo.
Collaborative Approach in the Development of High‐Performance Brain–Computer Interfaces for a Neuroprosthetic Arm: Translation from Animal Models to Human Control
Authors: Collinger Jennifer L. , Kryger Michael A. , Barbara Richard , Betler Timothy , Bowsher Kristen , Brown Elke H. P. , Clanton Samuel T. , Degenhart Alan D. , Foldes Stephen T. , Gaunt Robert A. , Gyulai Ferenc E. , Harchick Elizabeth A. , Harrington Deborah , Helder John B. , Hemmes Timothy , Johannes Matthew S. , Katyal Kapil D. , Ling Geoffrey S. F. , McMorland Angus J. C. , Palko Karina , Para Matthew P. , Scheuermann Janet , Schwartz Andrew B. , Skidmore Elizabeth R. , Solzbacher Florian , Srikameswaran Anita V. , Swanson Dennis P. , Swetz Scott , Tyler‐Kabara Elizabeth C. , Velliste Meel , Wang Wei , Weber Douglas J. , Wodlinger Brian , Boninger Michael L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOur research group recently demonstrated that a person with tetraplegia could use a brain–computer interface (BCI) to control a sophisticated anthropomorphic robotic arm with skill and speed approaching that of an able‐bodied person. This multiyear study exemplifies important principles in translating research from foundational theory and animal experiments into a clinical study. We present a roadmap that may serve as an example for other areas of clinical device research as well as an update on study results. Prior to conducting a multiyear clinical trial, years of animal research preceded BCI testing in an epilepsy monitoring unit, and then in a short‐term (28 days) clinical investigation. Scientists and engineers developed the necessary robotic and surgical hardware, software environment, data analysis techniques, and training paradigms. Coordination among researchers, funding institutes, and regulatory bodies ensured that the study would provide valuable scientific information in a safe environment for the study participant. Finally, clinicians from neurosurgery, anesthesiology, physiatry, psychology, and occupational therapy all worked in a multidisciplinary team along with the other researchers to conduct a multiyear BCI clinical study. This teamwork and coordination can be used as a model for others attempting to translate basic science into real‐world clinical situations.
763. GUNDELIA TOURNEFORTII
Authors: Hind Nicholas 
Published: August 2013

SummaryGundelia tournefortiiL. (Compositae: Gundelieae) is described and illustrated, and its strange inflorescence morphology highlighted. The history of the discovery of this fascinating plant is covered from one of the first natural history collections made in the late 16th century in the Levant. The problematic taxonomy of this genus is discussed, both supragenerically and infragenerically. The species has very rarely been cultivated throughout its recent history, making a commentary on its cultivation and propagation a little difficult. The wide range of uses cover a history dating back at least 10,000 years, from the Neolithic sites of Iraq and Turkey, to its present day usage in the region. The importance of herbarium specimen data, as well as literature, for the ethnobotany of taxa is emphasized. A possible biblical connection is commented on in relation to the Shroud of Turin.
2‐(Undecyloxy)‐ethanol is a major component of the male‐produced aggregation pheromone of Monochamus sutor
Authors: Pajares Juan A. , Álvarez Gonzalo , Hall David R. , Douglas Paul , Centeno Felix , Ibarra Nieves , Schroeder Martin , Teale Stephen A. , Wang Zhiying , Yan Shanchun , Millar Jocelyn G. , Hanks Lawrence M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe small white‐marmorated longicorn beetle, Monochamus sutor (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is widely distributed throughout Europe and Asia. It is a potential vector of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle, the causal agent of the devastating pine wilt disease. Volatiles were collected from both male and female beetles after maturation feeding. In analyses of these collections using gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry, a single male‐specific compound was detected and identified as 2‐(undecyloxy)‐ethanol. In analyses by GC coupled to electroantennography the only consistent responses from both female and male antennae were to this compound. Trapping tests were carried out in Spain, Sweden, and China. 2‐(Undecyloxy)‐ethanol was attractive to both male and female M. sutor beetles. A blend of the bark beetle pheromones ipsenol, ipsdienol, and 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol was also attractive to both sexes in Spain and Sweden, and further increased the attractiveness of the 2‐(undecyloxy)‐ethanol. The host plant volatiles α‐pinene, 3‐carene, and ethanol were weakly attractive, if at all, in all three countries and did not significantly increase the attractiveness of the blend of 2‐(undecyloxy)‐ethanol and bark beetle pheromones. 2‐(Undecyloxy)‐ethanol is thus proposed to be the major, if not only, component of the male‐produced aggregation pheromone of M. sutor, and its role is discussed. This compound has been reported as a pheromone of several other Monochamus species and is another example of the parsimony that seems to exist among the pheromones of many of the Cerambycidae. Traps baited with 2‐(undecyloxy)‐ethanol and bark beetle pheromones should be useful for monitoring and control of pine wilt disease, should M. sutor be proven to be a vector of the nematode.
Conceptual distinctions between reflex and nonreflex precipitated seizures in the epilepsies: A systematic review of definitions employed in the research literature
Authors: Illingworth Josephine L. , Ring Howard 
Published: August 2013

SummarySeizure precipitation is a defining characteristic of reflex seizures and epilepsies, but seizure precipitants are also commonly reported for patients with epilepsies not considered to be reflex in nature. This raises the questions of exactly how reflex and nonreflex epilepsies with seizure precipitants are defined, and how these concepts are differentiated from one another in current practice. In this systematic literature review, definitions of reflex seizures, reflex epilepsies, and precipitation in a nonreflex context were extracted from published primary research papers. Content analysis was applied to these definitions to identify their main features, allowing comparisons to be made between definitions of the different concepts. Results indicated that there was little consistency within definitions of a given term, and that although some differences in definition content were found between terms, it was evident that clear defining characteristics to differentiate them from one another were lacking. These findings are discussed in the context of current debates regarding classification of the reflex epilepsies and the extent to which the distinction between reflex and nonreflex epilepsies is a meaningful one. Suggestions are made for how clarity might be increased in ongoing research in this area.
Recruitment ecology of pelagic‐broadcast spawning minnows: paradigms from the ocean advance science and conservation of an imperilled freshwater fauna
Authors: Hoagstrom Christopher W , Turner Thomas F 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPelagic‐broadcast spawning is a dominant mode of fish reproduction in the oceans and is associated with Fundamental Triad (i.e. nutrient enrichment, nutrient concentration, propagule retention) and Loophole (i.e. disruption of larval competition and predation) processes that are mediated by water currents. Pelagic‐broadcast spawning is uncommon in freshwater, but is employed by an evolutionarily convergent spawning guild in rivers on the Great Plains, North America. We reviewed ecological studies of pelagic‐broadcast spawning minnows to evaluate whether Fundamental Triad and Loophole concepts explain the adaptive significance of this behaviour. Pelagic‐broadcast spawning minnows exhibit spawning periodicity dependent on floods. Nutrient enrichment, nutrient concentration and propagule retention are enhanced during flood recession. Retention is also enhanced by high fecundity and rapid development of pelagic‐broadcast propagules. Predation and competition threats are relatively low in temporary, patchily distributed nurseries present during flood recession. Extended spawning periods and diffusive spread of juveniles and adults ensure annual recruitment despite the unpredictable and often harsh conditions in rivers on the plains. Over the last century, pelagic‐broadcast spawners have suffered declines due to dewatering, flood control and sediment deprivation that disrupt natural Fundamental Triad and Loophole processes. We propose that restoration of conditions necessary for Fundamental Triad and Loophole processes to operate will be most successful at stopping decline and extinction of pelagic‐broadcast spawning minnows of the Great Plains.
Rhabdoid morphology in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) is associated with PDGFRA mutations but does not imply aggressive behaviour
Authors: Schaefer Inga‐Marie , Ströbel Philipp , Cameron Silke , Beham Alexander , Otto Claudia , Schildhaus Hans‐Ulrich , Agaimy Abbas 
Published: August 2013

AimsRhabdoid morphology resembling that of the aggressive paediatric rhabdoid tumours occurs in various malignancies usually lacking characteristic SMARCB1 (INI1) loss. Little is known about the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of the rhabdoid phenotype in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs).Methods and resultsSix gastric rhabdoid GISTs were examined by immunohistochemistry, KIT and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α gene (PDGFRA) mutation analysis, and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). All tumours expressed KIT, PDGFRA, DOG‐1, and SMARCB1 (two of six with a mosaic pattern). Five of six tumours harboured PDGFRA mutations (D842V in four; N659K in one), and one case was wild type for KIT/PDGFRA and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) A‐negative and SDHB‐negative by immunohistochemistry. CGH revealed aberrations typical of GISTs (−1p, −14, and −22q in three, five, and three cases, respectively), with a mean of 1.7 aberrations in the epithelioid component and 2.7 in the rhabdoid component. None showed progression (mean follow‐up of 25 months).ConclusionsRhabdoid gastric GISTs are associated with epithelioid morphology and PDGFRA mutations. They harbour CGH aberrations that are typical of ordinary GISTs in both tumour components. The presence of additional genetic alterations in the rhabdoid areas indicates evolution from the epithelioid components, and possible genetic and biological progression. On the basis of our series and previous reports, rhabdoid morphology in GISTs presumably does not imply aggressiveness.
Coexistence of Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis with Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Liang Yongping , Wang Jun , Li Baomin 
Published: August 2013

Background Studies have hypothesized that alterations in haemodynamics and rheological properties in the main vessels like the main stem of the carotid artery or the internal carotid arteries are responsible for the formation of cerebral aneurysms. Aims The objectives of the current analyses were to collate data that have examined the occurrence of cerebral aneurysm with coexisting internal carotid artery stenosis. Methods Data sources were collated from detailed PubMed search obtained from 1990 till current. Published literature that deals with the epidemiologic properties as well as prevalence was scanned for data extraction. Publications that reported coexistence of internal carotid artery stenosis with intracranial aneurysm, detected by any modality of imaging, was included in the current study. Spearman's correlation analyses were used to obtain significant information of coexistence of an intracranial aneurysm with an extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis. Results The frequency of concurrent extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis and an unruptured cerebral artery aneurysm is not known exactly, but has been estimated to be approximately 4%. The major limitations of the current analyses actually can be retrospectively traced to the lack of detailed analyses in this important area of investigation. Conclusions Although low in absolute occurrence, there is a significant correlation of the existence of an intracranial aneurysm with carotid artery stenosis. Thus, if peripheral stenosis is detected by any imaging modality including carotid Ultrasonography scan, we recommend digital subtraction intracranial angiography to detect any potential aneurysm and define its radiologic morphology.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Stroke Case Fatality – Observations from Riks-Stroke, the Swedish Stroke Register
Authors: Lindmark Anita , Glader Eva-Lotta , Asplund Kjell , Norrving Bo , Eriksson Marie ,   for the Riks-StrokeCollaboration
Published: August 2013

Background Low socioeconomic status (low education and income level) has been found to be associated with increased stroke mortality. However, findings from previous studies on the association between socioeconomic status and case fatality (survival) after stroke have been inconsistent. Aims The study aims to explore the association between socio-economic status and survival after stroke using Riks-Stroke, the Swedish Stroke Register, with emphasis on changes in survival (in)equality with time after stroke. Methods All 76 hospitals in Sweden admitting acute stroke patients participate in Riks-Stroke. Riks-Stroke data on 18- to 74-year-old patients with onset of first stroke during the years 2001–2009 were combined with data from other official Swedish registers. Case fatality was analyzed by socioeconomic status (education, income, country of birth, and cohabitation) and other patient characteristics. Results Of the 62 497 patients in the study, a total of 6094 (9·8%) died within the first year after stroke. Low income, primary school education, and living alone were independently associated with higher case fatality after the acute phase. Differences related to income and cohabitation were present already early, at 8–28 days after stroke, with the gaps expanding thereafter. The association between education and case fatality was not present until 29 days to one-year after stroke. Dissimilarities in secondary preventative medications prescribed on discharge from hospital had only a minor impact on these differences. Conclusions Socioeconomic status had only a limited effect on acute phase case fatality, indicating minor disparities in acute stroke treatment. The survival inequality, present already in the subacute phase, increased markedly over time since the stroke event. The socioeconomic differences could not be explained by differences in secondary prevention at discharge from hospital. Large socioeconomic differences in long-term survival after stroke may exist also in a country with limited income inequity.