bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased expression of pSTAT, IRF-1 and DAP10 signalling molecules in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Mirjačić Martinović Katarina , Srdić-Rajić Tatjana , Babović Nada , Džodić Radan , Jurišić Vladimir , Konjević Gordana 
Published: October 2015

AimsAs numerous signalling molecules regulate effector functions of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) that have an important anti-tumour activity, the aim of this study was to analyse their level in patients with metastatic melanoma (MM) compared with healthy controls (HCs).MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 36 MMs and 28 HCs were analysed for the level of perforin, interferon-regulating transcription factor-1 (IRF-1), DAP10 and Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 by reverse transcriptase PCR, level of phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription (pSTAT)-1, pSTAT-4, pSTAT-5 by western blot and interferon (IFN)-γ production by ELISA. The expression of activating NKG2D and inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), CD158a and CD158b, on PBL, CD3−CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), as well as the percentage of CD14+HLA-DR- cells in PBMC were estimated by flow cytometry.ResultsPatients with MM, compared with HCs, had significantly lower level of cytotoxic molecule perforin and decreased IFN-γ production, as well as lower level of pSTAT-1, pSTAT-4, pSTAT-5 and IRF-1 signalling molecules in PBMC. Furthermore, MM had decreased expression of activating NKG2D receptor on PBL and NK cells and low level of its DAP10 signalling molecule contrary to no changes in KIR expression on all investigated cells. These results could be associated with increased percentage of immunosuppressive CD14+HLA-DR− myeloid-derived suppressor cells detected in patients with MM.ConclusionsThe altered signalling molecules of PBL could represent biomarkers of impaired cytotoxic and immunoregulatory function of these cells, indicating melanoma-associated immunosuppression that facilitates tumour progression.
Assessment of transthoracic ultrasound diagnosis of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in adult sheep
Authors: Cousens C. , Scott P. R. 
Published: October 2015

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), is a disease of increasing concern in the sheep industry. There is no commercial antemortem test for OPA; therefore, an early evaluation phase study was undertaken to examine the accuracy of transthoracic ultrasound examination using a 5–6.5 MHz sector ultrasound machine widely available in veterinary practice in the UK to diagnose OPA. Restraint, preparation and examination time was restricted to five minutes per sheep to represent the cost limitations of commercial sheep farming. One hundred sheep were examined. All 41 cases identified with suspect OPA lesions during transthoracic ultrasound examination had the diagnosis confirmed at postmortem examination, while sheep without ultrasonographic changes characteristic of OPA had no gross lesions of OPA at postmortem examination. This demonstrates the specificity of transthoracic ultrasound for diagnosis of OPA. The authors propose that, in the absence of any other reliable preclinical diagnostic test, the use of transthoracic ultrasound examination should be considered for a second opinion on an initial diagnosis of OPA, for screening purchased adult flock replacements for OPA, or for screening sheep in a known OPA‐affected flock. However, the authors emphasise that a negative scan cannot provide a guarantee that the animal is free of JSRV infection nor early OPA.
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-α Association With Silent Information Regulator 1 Suppresses Cardiac Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Failing Heart
Authors: Oka Shin-ichi , Zhai Peiyong , Yamamoto Takanobu , Ikeda Yoshiyuki , Byun Jaemin , Hsu Chiao-Po , Sadoshima Junichi 
Published: October 2015

Background—
Heart failure is accompanied by changes in cardiac metabolism characterized by reduced fatty acid (FA) utilization. However, the underlying mechanism and its causative involvement in the progression of heart failure are poorly understood. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPARα)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimer promotes transcription of genes involved in FA metabolism through binding to the PPAR response element, called direct repeat 1 (DR1). Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) is a histone deacetylase, which interacts with PPARα.

Methods and Results—
To investigate the role of PPARα in the impaired FA utilization observed during heart failure, genetically altered mice were subjected to pressure overload. The DNA binding of PPARα, RXRα, and Sirt1 to DR1 was evaluated with oligonucleotide pull-down and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Although the binding of PPARα to DR1 was enhanced in response to pressure overload, that of RXRα was attenuated. Sirt1 competes with RXRα to dimerize with PPARα, thereby suppressing FA utilization in the failing heart. DR1 sequence analysis indicated that the typical DR1 sequence favors PPARα/RXRα heterodimerization, whereas the switch from RXRα to Sirt1 takes place on degenerate DR1s. Sirt1 bound to PPARα through a region homologous to the PPARα binding domain in RXRα. A short peptide corresponding to the RXRα domain not only inhibited the interaction between PPARα and Sirt1 but also improved FA metabolism and ameliorated cardiac dysfunction.

Conclusions—
A change in the heterodimeric partner of PPARα from RXRα to Sirt1 is responsible for the impaired FA metabolism and cardiac dysfunction in the failing heart.
Effects of Induced Hypertension on Cerebral Perfusion in Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Gathier Celine S. , Dankbaar Jan Willem , van der Jagt Mathieu , Verweij Bon H. , Oldenbeuving Annemarie W. , Rinkel Gabriel J.E. , van den Bergh Walter M. , Slooter Arjen J.C. , Algra Ale , Beute Gus N. , Coert Bert A. , Dammers Ruben , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Dirven Clemens M.F. , Horn Janneke , Müller Marcella C. , Kesecioglu Jozef , van Kooten Fop , van der Lugt Aad , van der Pol Bram , Roks Gerwin , van Rooij Willem J. , van der Schaaf Irene C. , Sluzewski Menno , Vandertop W. Peter 
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—
The presumed effectiveness of induced hypertension for treating delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is based on uncontrolled case-series only. We assessed the effect of induced hypertension on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with delayed cerebral ischemia in a randomized clinical trial.

Methods—

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients were randomized to induced or no induced hypertension (control group) at delayed cerebral ischemia onset. CBF was assessed, blinded for treatment allocation, with computed tomographic perfusion in standardized predefined regions at delayed cerebral ischemia onset and after 24 to 36 hours of study treatment. Mean arterial blood pressure was compared between groups (linear mixed model). The primary outcome measure was the difference in change in overall CBF (Mann–Whitney
U
test).

Results—

Mean arterial blood pressure was, on average, 12 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 8.6–14.5) higher in the hypertension group (n=12) than in the control group (n=13). Change in overall CBF (mL/100g per s) was −8.5 (range, −42 to 30) in the control group and 0.1 (range, −31–43) in the hypertension group (
P
=0.25).

Conclusions—
Change in overall CBF did not differ to a statistically significant extent between the groups. Based on our results, 225 to 250 patients per group are needed to find a statistically significant difference in change in overall CBF between induced hypertension and no hypertension.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT0161323.
Radiation-Induced Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Nachalon Yuval , Katz Orna , Alkan Uri , Shvero Jacob , Popovtzer Aron 
Published: October 2015

Background: Radiation exposure is a well-known risk factor for well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC). However, gender disparity in disease characteristics is not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the behavior of radiation-induced thyroid cancer according to gender. Methods: Charts of all patients diagnosed with WDTC after radiation exposure between the years 1985 and 2013 in a tertiary referral center were retrieved. Results: Forty-three patients were reviewed, 29 females and 14 males. Mean age of exposure for women and men were 17.1 ± 19.5 and 15.5 ± 12.5 years, respectively ( P = .78). Age at diagnosis were 47.5 ± 15.5 and 41.5 ± 15 years for women and men, respectively ( P = .18). Mean disease-specific survival was 44.1 and 43.7 years for women and men, respectively ( P = .50). Conclusions: Similar disease characteristics, tumor pathology, disease-free survival, and overall survival in both genders. In sporadic well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, female gender is associated with better tumor behavior and prognosis. However, our results suggest that women are more affected by radiation than men and therefore have the same prognosis as men.
Helmet ownership and use among skateboarders: Utilisation of the Health Belief Model
Authors: Peachey Andrew A , Sutton Debra L , Cathorall Michelle L 
Published: October 2015

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of skateboarders who owned and who wore a helmet and which constructs from the Health Belief Model predicted helmet ownership and helmet use among undergraduate skateboarders. Methods: From March 2013 through March 2014, 83 skateboarders completed a helmet attitude and use survey. Results: Among participants, 47% owned a helmet while 18% wore a helmet on their most recent ride. Skateboarders who did not own a helmet were compared to skateboarders who owned a helmet but did not wear it and to skateboarders who wore a helmet. Positive trends for emotional benefits, friends and family cues to action and parental rules cues to action were observed. A negative trend for vanity and discomfort barriers was observed. Friends and family cues to action, parental rules cues to action and lower perceived danger were associated with helmet ownership. Friends and family cues to action were associated with helmet use. Conclusion: The findings are consistent with the thrill seeking culture of skateboarding. Implications for interventions to increase helmet use among undergraduate skateboarders are discussed.
Antenatal depression in coastal South India: Prevalence and risk factors in the community
Authors: George Christina , Lalitha Anoop RN , Antony Abish , Kumar Arun V , Jacob KS 
Published: October 2015

Background: Antenatal depression is a highly prevalent disorder with serious implications on maternal and child outcomes. There are few studies examining this in low-middle-income community settings. Aims: To determine the prevalence of antenatal depression in women from a coastal rural background in Kerala and Tamil Nadu and to determine its associated factors. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional community-based study, in 202 antenatal women, standard interview and diagnostic criteria (Clinical Interview Schedule–Revised (CIS-R)) were employed for identifying depression and examining a wide range of putative clinical and sociocultural risk factors including domestic violence. Results: There was a 16.3% prevalence of depression among the 202 women sampled. The possible risk factors after stepwise backward regression were pressure to have a male child, 11.48 (2.36–55.78); financial difficulties, 8.23 (2.49–27.22); non-arranged marriage, 6.05 (1.72–21.23); history of miscarriage–still birth, 5.77 (1.55–21.43) and marital conflict, 9.55 (2.34–38.98). Conclusion: There is a need to develop strategies for recognition and appropriate intervention for antenatal depression, in the context of locally relevant risk factors, so as to improve both maternal and child outcomes.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in the male mouse to promote recovery after stroke
Authors: Pikhovych Anton , Walter Helene L , Mahabir Esther , Fink Gereon Rudolf , Graf Rudolf , Schroeter Michael , Rueger Maria Adele 
Published: October 2015

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) constitutes a promising approach for promoting recovery of function after stroke, although the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are unclear. To conduct translational research in animal models, stimulation parameters should not lead to neuronal lesions. Liebetanz et al. recommend charge densities for cathodal stimulation in rats, but parameters for mice are not established. We established tDCS in the wild-type mouse, enabling studies with genetically-engineered mice (GEM). tDCS equipment was adapted to fit the mouse skull. Using different polarities and charge densities, tDCS was safe to apply in the mouse where the charge density was below 198 kC/m2 for single or repeated stimulations. These findings are crucial for future investigations of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying tDCS using GEM.
Audiometric Outcomes in Pediatric Temporal Bone Trauma
Authors: Schell Amy , Kitsko Dennis 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo characterize pediatric temporal bone trauma, focusing on audiometric outcomes.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care children’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsCases were reviewed of children (<18 years) presenting over a 3‐year period with computed tomography–proven temporal bone fracture and audiology examination. All scans were read by a neuroradiologist and reviewed by a pediatric otolaryngologist. Demographics, fracture pattern, and audiometric data were recorded.ResultsFifty‐eight patients (60 fractures) met inclusion criteria. The majority (93%) were otic capsule–sparing fractures. The types and severity of hearing loss were significantly different between the 2 fracture patterns. Based on pure‐tone average, all otic capsule–violating fractures had abnormal initial audiograms; 75% of these losses were severe. Approximately half (54%) of otic capsule–sparing fractures had abnormal initial audiograms; a majority were mild losses (85%). All classifiable losses in otic capsule–violating cases were of mixed type, whereas the majority (75%) of losses in otic capsule–sparing cases were conductive. Regardless of classification, 72% of patients with otic capsule–sparing fractures and initially abnormal audiograms improved to normal levels at a mean of 48 days posttrauma; this increased to 83% when only conductive losses were considered.ConclusionsHearing loss type and severity differ in otic capsule–sparing and otic capsule–violating temporal bone fractures. A majority of children with otic capsule–sparing fractures and associated hearing loss improve to normal levels in about 6 weeks, especially if the original loss is classified as solely conductive. Children who do not improve within this time frame may warrant early investigation into surgically correctable causes.
Lateral inhibition in the somatosensory cortex during and between migraine without aura attacks: Correlations with thalamocortical activity and clinical features
Authors: Coppola Gianluca , Bracaglia Martina , Di Lenola Davide , Iacovelli Elisa , Di Lorenzo Cherubino , Serrao Mariano , Evangelista Maurizio , Parisi Vincenzo , Schoenen Jean , Pierelli Francesco 
Published: October 2015

Background We studied lateral inhibition in the somatosensory cortex of migraineurs during and between attacks, and searched for correlations with thalamocortical activity and clinical features. Participants and methods Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) were obtained by electrical stimulation of the right median (M) or ulnar (U) nerves at the wrist or by simultaneous stimulation of both nerves (MU) in 41 migraine without aura patients, 24 between (MO), 17 during attacks, and in 17 healthy volunteers (HVs). We determined the percentage of lateral inhibition of the N20–P25 component by using the formula [(100)–MU/(M + U)*100]. We also studied high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) reflecting thalamocortical activation. Results In migraine, both lateral inhibition (MO 27.9% vs HVs 40.2%; p = 0.009) and thalamocortical activity (MO 0.5 vs HVs 0.7; p = 0.02) were reduced between attacks, but not during. In MO patients, the percentage of lateral inhibition negatively correlated with days elapsed since the last migraine attack ( r = −0.510, p = 0.01), monthly attack duration ( r = −0.469, p = 0.02) and severity ( r = −0.443, p = 0.03), but positively with thalamocortical activity ( r = −0.463, p = 0.02). Conclusions We hypothesize that abnormal migraine cycle-dependent dynamics of connectivity between subcortical and cortical excitation/inhibition networks may contribute to clinical features of MO and recurrence of attacks.
Posterior Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligament and Associated Injuries
Authors: Rebolledo Brian J. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Konin Gabrielle P. , Coleman Struan H. , Potter Hollis G. , Warren Russell F. 
Published: October 2015

Background: Lesions associated with posterior humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) can lead to persistent symptoms related to posterior shoulder instability and can be commonly missed or delayed in diagnosis. Purpose: To identify and characterize the MRI findings in patients with a posterior HAGL lesion. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This retrospective case series included 27 patients (28 shoulders) identified by search through the senior authors’ databases, with cross-reference to their institutional radiologic communication system for MRI review. Baseline patient demographic data were collected, including age and sex. All posterior HAGL lesions were identified on MRI and characterized as partial, complete, or floating lesions. All acute glenohumeral pathologic changes concurrent with the posterior HAGL were documented. Chondrolabral retroversion of the injured shoulder was measured on axial MRI. Results: The average age of the identified cohort was 33.6 years (range, 15-81 years), and 23 patients were male (86%). Posterior HAGL injuries were found to be complete tears (71%), partial tears (25%), and floating lesions (4%); concomitant bony HAGL avulsion was found in 7% of injuries. Additional traumatic glenohumeral disorders occurred in 93% of cases. The most common concurrent injuries were reverse Hill-Sachs lesions (36%), anterior Bankart lesions (29%), and posterosuperior rotator cuff tears (25%). Notably, concomitant anterior labral or capsular injury was found in 50% of patients, signifying bidirectional disruption of the capsule. In addition, increased chondrolabral version was found in this cohort (10.2° ± 3.7° retroversion). Conclusion: This study depicts the high association of combined injury with posterior HAGL lesions and increased chondrolabral retroversion. Findings on MRI related to a posterior HAGL injury could potentially be masked by additional injury and may occur with mechanisms that also lead to anterior glenohumeral disorders.
Operative Treatment of the Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy Through a Transtendinous Approach
Authors: Ettinger Sarah , Razzaq Rameez , Waizy Hazibullah , Claassen Leif , Daniilidis Kiriakos , Stukenborg-Colsman Christina , Plaass Christian 
Published: October 2015

Background: Different operative techniques have been proposed for the treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT), with often disappointing results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of the transtendinous approach in IAT. Methods: Forty patients operated with an IAT between 2010 and 2011 were included in this retrospective study. The mean follow-up was 15.6 (±3.7, 12-27) months. Indication for surgery was IAT with failed conservative therapy. Using a transtendinous approach, the Achilles tendon (AT) was partially detached and all pathologic tissues were debrided. The AT was reinserted using different anchor techniques. Clinical data were recorded using examination and clinical scores (American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society [AOFAS], Foot and Ankle Outcome Score [FAOS], Numerical Rating Scale [NRS], and Short Form-36 [SF-36]). Results: The mean AOFAS hindfoot score improved from 59.4 preoperatively to 86.5 postoperatively ( P < .05). All FAOS subscales, NRS pain scores, and pain and function subscales of SF-36 improved significantly. The median time of return to work and sports was 14.5 (±17.6; 2-82) and 22.7 (±13.4; 7-58) weeks. Three patients had superficial wound healing difficulties but required no revision. One patient had to be revised due to a hematoma. Patients treated with 2 suture anchors or double-row fixation technique improved significantly ( P < .05) compared to those with single anchor fixation, regarding AOFAS score (79.6 and 90.2) and FAOS subscale scores. Eighty-three percent of the patients showed good to excellent results. Conclusion: The transtendinous approach allowed access to all associated pathologies in IAT. It had relatively few complications and lead to good clinical results. Level of Clinical Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Does nutritional counseling in telemedicine improve treatment outcomes for diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of results from 92 studies
Authors: Su Dejun , McBride Chelsea , Zhou Junmin , Kelley Megan S 
Published: October 2015

Background A growing number of studies and reviews have documented the impact of telemedicine on diabetes management. However, no meta-analysis has assessed whether including nutritional counseling as part of a telemedicine program has a significant impact on diabetes outcomes or what kind of nutritional counseling is most effective. Methods Original research articles examining the effect of telemedicine interventions on HbA1c levels in patients with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes were included in this study. A literature search was performed and 92 studies were retained for analysis. We examined stratified results by differentiating interventions using no nutritional counseling from those that used nutritional counseling. We further compared between nutritional counseling administered via short message systems (SMS) such as email and text messages, and nutritional counseling administered via telephone or videoconference. Results Telemedicine programs that include a nutritional component show similar effect in diabetes management as those programs that do not. Furthermore, subgroup analysis reveals that nutritional intervention via SMS such as email and text messages is at least as equally effective in reducing HbA1c when compared to personal nutritional counseling with a practitioner over videoconference or telephone. Conclusion The inclusion of nutritional counseling as part of a telemedicine program does not make a significant difference to diabetes outcomes. Incorporating nutritional counseling into telemedicine programs via SMS is at least as effective as counseling via telephone or videoconference.