bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrato y biografía en el libro I de Tito Livio
Authors: Martínez‑Pinna Jorge 
Published: May 2013

Pour la description de l’époque royale, l’unité narratologique est le règne de chacun des rois. Le livre I de Tite-Live est en fait une succession de biographies, genre qui est censé privilégier moins les faits qu’un portrait moral. Peu ou prou, les rois illustrent tous, avec un dosage propre, cinq caractéristiques fondamentales : ils sont des rois légitimes et justes, des tyrans, des guerriers, des religieux, des bâtisseurs. Seul Tarquin le Superbe reste en marge de cette typologie : lui n’est que tyran, condensé de toutes les connotations négatives de la monarchie. La comparaison des portraits liviens avec ceux que proposent Plutarque, Denys ou Diodore montre que Tite-Live n’a nulle intention de retenir tous les détails biographiques. Le cas est frappant avec Tarquin le Superbe ; bien que le portrait occupe les douze derniers chapitres, l’information historique donnée est faible, en comparaison avec Denys, beaucoup plus objectif, alors que Tite-Live dresse un portrait tragique. Avec les rois, Tite-Live ne renonce pas au portrait, mais ne leur donne pas la qualité de types généraux de vertus romaines qu’on voit dans les livres postérieurs. Et les éléments biographiques n’y interviennent qu’en appui d’un argumentaire : c’est une biographie en action.
Évaluation de la prolifération de la Jacinthe d’eau du lac Ravelobe Ankarafantsika et plan de restauration
Authors: Tiana Ranarijaona Hery Lisy , Félicie Zainabo , Herilala Andriamanantena Ainazo , Simon Andrianasetra Georges 
Published: May 2013

La jacinthe d’eau ou Eichhornia crassipes envahit les eaux lentiques de Madagascar. C’est le cas du lac Ravelobe du Parc National Ankarafantsika à l’ouest, qui, outre sa richesse en poissons, amphibiens, tortue, et oiseaux endémiques, est le château d’eau de la plaine du second grenier à riz de l’île. Malgré les mesures prises par les responsables du parc, la jacinthe prend une ampleur non négligeable, en occupant presque la moitié du lac alors qu’elle était absente il y a treize ans. Des quadrats et des transects, en plus des méthodes de régulation des espèces invasives ont été appliquées aux espèces végétales du lac, dans le but d’évaluer leur écologie et la prolifération la jacinthe. Toutes les espèces aquatiques du lac sont associées à la jacinthe. La biomasse ainsi que la densité de la jacinthe y sont importantes. La fragmentation de l’écosystème Ravelobe est sévèrement ressentie. L’homme comme les oiseaux ont des difficultés pour pêcher à cause de la prolifération de la jacinthe. Cependant, une quantité importante de biogaz pourrait être obtenue à partir des jacinthes d’eau du lac Ravelobe. Des recommandations sont avancées pour la réguler et maintenir la biodiversité de l’écosystème.
Color Blindness, Meta-Ignorance, and the Racial Imagination
Authors: Medina José 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDrawing on contemporary epistemologies of ignorance, I analyze the American ideology of color blindness as a recalcitrant form of active ignorance that operates at a meta-level. I contend that the meta-ignorance involved in color blindness operates through distorting second-order attitudes about one's cognitive and affective attitudes, resulting in cognitive and affective numbness with respect to racial matters: ignorance of one's racial ignorance and insensitivity to one's racial insensitivity. I contend that the black/white binary that has dominated the American racial imagination has contributed tremendously to establish and maintain meta-blindness about racial differences. I suggest that overcoming the black/white binary demands that we expand current conceptions of racial lucidity and that we go beyond the notions of double consciousness that critical race theorists have defended since Du Bois and Fanon. According to a more expansive social pluralism, lucidity with respect to racial differences requires a kaleidoscopic consciousness that does not reinscribe the black/white binary in one's racial imagination.
Excavating the Nabataean Incense Road
Authors: Erickson-Gini Tali , Israel Yigal 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Excavations conducted along the Nabataean Incense Road, which extends from Petra to Gaza, highlight the changes and development of this historic trade route over time. Long-distance trade reached its apex following the Roman annexation of Nabataea in 106 CE, followed by a marked decline during the third century CE. Seven of these key sites were conserved between 1993 and 2000, culminating in the inscription of the Nabataean Incense Road on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list in 2005.
Open Archaeology: We All Know That a 14 Is a Sheep: Data Publication and Professionalism in Archaeological Communication
Authors: Kansa Eric C. , Kansa Sarah Whitcher 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Archaeologists create vast amounts of data, but very little sees formal dissemination. This failure points to several dysfunctions in the current structures of archaeological communication. The discipline urgently requires better data professionalism. Current technologies can help ameliorate this, but scholars generally lack the time and technological know-how to disseminate data. We put forth a model of “data sharing as publishing” as a means to address the concerns around data dissemination.
Lutte antiterroriste et surveillance du mouvement des personnes
Authors: Scherrer Amandine 
Published: May 2013

Dans un monde hanté par le scénario du pire, la mobilité des individus est aujourd’hui de moins en moins perçue comme une occasion, un effet du marché global ou encore une logique inéluctable des détresses humaines. Au contraire, les déplacements sont de plus en plus associés à l’image du risque et de la menace, qui justifie une démultiplication des pratiques de contrôle et de surveillance des individus en mouvement. Les stratégies renouvelées ou renforcées de lutte contre le terrorisme depuis les attaques du 11 septembre 2001 et le contexte de la guerre au terrorisme ont eu des conséquences majeures dans la mise en place de ces pratiques. La sécurité est lue à travers sa prétention à la protection et à la prévention, et les dispositifs de surveillance et de contrôle deviennent centraux dans cette quête, coûteuse à bien des égards, du « risque zéro ». Cet article a pour objectif de présenter sous quelles formes la surveillance des mouvements des populations s’est durablement intensifiée. Il vise également à montrer comment ce contrôle accru renforce l’inquiétude, la suspicion et l’hostilité au coeur de nos sociétés occidentales.
Détention des demandeurs d’asile au Canada : des logiques pénales et administratives convergentes
Authors: Nakache Delphine 
Published: May 2013

Le but de cet article, qui porte sur la détention des demandeurs d’asile au Canada, est de mettre en relief les logiques convergentes entre le traitement pénal et le traitement administratif de l’immigration. Nous démontrons que la « criminalisation » actuelle des demandeurs d’asile facilite la mise en oeuvre de politiques publiques de plus en plus répressives à leur égard, notamment à travers un recours accru à la détention. Nous nous intéressons aussi à la détention des demandeurs d’asile dans les prisons provinciales, alors que le motif de la détention est purement « administratif » (c.-à-d. les demandeurs d’asile ne sont pas des personnes présumées ou reconnues coupables de délits) : ce phénomène n’est pas marginal, puisqu’il concerne un demandeur d’asile sur trois au Canada. Nous montrons alors que l’institution carcérale exerce, au même titre que les « camps d’étrangers », une fonction de ségrégation spatiale, juridique et sociale ayant pour objectif de marquer les demandeurs d’asile comme une population d’« indésirables ».
Les hommes victimes d’abus sexuels dans l’enfance
Authors: Ewering Neil , Morosini Katia , Cuttelod Thérèse , Roman Pascal 
Published: May 2013

Il existe dans notre société une certaine réticence à accepter l’idée qu’un garçon puisse être sexuellement abusé, bien qu’un intérêt grandissant ait été porté à l’égard de ce phénomène au cours de ces dernières années. Le tabou entourant ce type d’abus semble cependant subsister, rendant ainsi les hommes réticents à révéler leur histoire. Cette recherche a pour but de comprendre les éléments qui amènent les hommes victimes d’abus sexuels dans l’enfance à entreprendre une démarche d’aide dans le cadre d’un groupe de parole. Les quatorze entretiens qualitatifs réalisés ont permis de souligner l’apport précieux des groupes de parole pour faire face aux conséquences du traumatisme. En même temps, les données recueillies montrent l’existence d’une difficulté majeure pour les hommes à parler de l’abus et à demander de l’aide. Cette difficulté peut être mise en lien avec la problématique du refus de la passivité, le questionnement sur l’identité sexuelle et le doute quant à sa propre « normalité » provoquée par le traumatisme.
Évaluation d’un programme alternatif pour contrevenantes
Authors: Meunier Éloïse , Wemmers Jo-Anne , Jimenez Estibaliz 
Published: May 2013

La criminalité féminine est caractérisée par des crimes de nature économique ou commerciale. Des programmes communautaires peuvent offrir aux contrevenantes une solution de rechange au processus pénal. Dans cet article, nous présentons les résultats d’une évaluation du programme « Entraide Vol à l’Étalage » (E.V.E.). Il s’agit d’un programme présentenciel offrant aux femmes accusées de vol à l’étalage ou d’autres délits à caractère économique, au Québec, la possibilité de participer à un programme d’éducation et de prévention. Les résultats démontrent que les femmes qui participent au programme E.V.E. reçoivent des sentences plus clémentes et présentent moins de récidives que des femmes ayant commis des délits de même nature, mais n’ayant pas suivi le programme.
Physical Hydrogels
Authors: Tsitsilianis Constantinos 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe present article concerns a special class of soft mater, namely physical hydrogels or self‐assembling hydrogels. The best suited polymeric building elements for the creation of temporary networks are water‐soluble segmented macromolecules bearing attractive groups, capable of developing physical bonds through intermolecular associations. The present article focuses on physical hydrogels formed by well‐defined polymers, exhibiting the triblock topology. Hydrogels organized through jamming of nonconnected micellar entities, for example, diblock copolymers and surfactants, are not included. The self‐organization of these associative polymeric species when dissolved in water results in complex fluids with intriguing rheological properties, attracting considerable interest in numerous applications as, for instance, in the fields of cosmetics, pharmaceutics, coatings, and biomedicine for tissue engineering and controlled drug delivery.
Prenatal diagnosis of two fetuses with deletions of 8p23.1, critical region for congenital diaphragmatic hernia and heart defects
Authors: Keitges Elisabeth A. , Pasion Romela , Burnside Rachel D. , Mason Carla , Gonzalez‐Ruiz Antonio , Dunn Teresa , Masiello Meredith , Gebbia Joseph A. , Fernandez Carlos O. , Risheg Hiba 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMicrodeletions of 8p23.1 are mediated by low copy repeats and can cause congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and cardiac defects. Within this region, point mutations of the GATA4 gene have been shown to cause cardiac defects. However, the cause of CDH in these deletions has been difficult to determine due to the paucity of mutations that result in CDH, the lack of smaller deletions to refine the region and the reduced penetrance of CDH in these large deletions. Mice deficient for one copy of the Gata4 gene have been described with CDH and heart defects suggesting mutations in Gata4 can cause the phenotype in mice. We report on the SNP microarray analysis on two fetuses with deletions of 8p23.1. The first had CDH and a ventricular septal defect (VSD) on ultrasonography and a family history of a maternal VSD. Microarray analysis detected a 127‐kb deletion which included the GATA4 and NEIL2 genes which was inherited from the mother. The second fetus had an incomplete atrioventricular canal defect on ultrasonography. Microarray analysis showed a 315‐kb deletion that included seven genes, GATA4, NEIL2, FDFT1, CTSB, DEFB136, DEFB135, and DEFB134. These results suggest that haploinsufficiency of the two genes in common within 8p23.1; GATA4 and NEIL2 can cause CDH and cardiac defects in humans. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Research in Polarimetric SAR Technique for Archaeological Purposes using ALOS PALSAR Data
Authors: Dore Nicole , Patruno Jolanda , Pottier Eric , Crespi Mattia 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe work presented here is a further study of the UNESCO Cultural Heritage sites of Samarra (Iraq) and Djebel Barkal archaeological area (Sudan) by means of polarimetric products of the Japanese satellite ALOS PALSAR. Despite the Iraqi war ending in 2011, the city of Samarra is still included on the UNESCO List of Sites in Danger (since 2007). The study of the city presented here began three years ago with the analysis of optical data. The work showed an urban and agricultural expansion affecting the integrity of the city. An attempt to study Samarra by using the polarimetric SAR technique was made in previous years with the employment of the ALOS PALSAR satellite. That study was limited to the analysis of polarimetric descriptors such as entropy and alpha angle, parameters that gave results regarding prevalence of double‐bounce and volume scattering mechanisms in the area investigated. The second archaeological site, Djebel Barkal, is one of five archaeological sites located in a semi‐desert area along the River Nile, in the Napatan Region considered to be part of Nubia. The site was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2003. Polarimetric descriptors considered in previous studies of the zone were entropy and alpha angle. Also in this case, a deeper analysis was carried out with the addition of a second ALOS PALSAR polarimetric SAR image, acquired 3 years later. In the present work, more polarimetric parameters, such as Freeman and Yamaguchi decompositions, are taken into account in order to observe scattering mechanisms both upon the structures already known and the area around them. Thanks to these decompositions and the archaeological maps that were available, it was possible to validate backscattered responses in ALOS PALSAR images as archaeological structures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospection and Monitoring of the Archaeological Heritage of Nasca, Peru, with ENVISAT ASAR
Authors: Tapete Deodato , Cigna Francesca , Masini Nicola , Lasaponara Rosa 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe processing method based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) amplitude information presented by Cigna et al. (2013, this issue) was used to extract the backscattering coefficient (σ0) from ENVISAT advanced SAR (ASAR) scenes to investigate the archaeological heritage of the Nasca region, southern Peru. Average backscattering and σ0 time series in 2003–2007 were obtained for some of the most famous groups of the Nazca Lines, as well as for the adobe structures of the Ceremonial Centre of Cahuachi, and allowed the recognition of anthropogenic features on arid and bare soil. Despite the expected constraints due to the medium spatial resolution of the ASAR scenes (~30 m), some features related to the Nasca ancient aqueduct systems (puquios) were detected, and water level changes were inferred from amplitude change detection maps and σ0 time series. The SAR‐based prospection results were also compared with a vegetation index derived from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data for 2003, 2004 and 2007. The changes observed over Cahuachi and the neighbouring archaeological mounds are then discussed in light of the recent conservation history of the site and the contemporary archaeological excavations. The research opens interesting perspectives for routine use of SAR data for purposes of archaeological prospection and condition monitoring in (semi‐)arid and desert regions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructure Analysis of a CO2 Copolymer from Styrene Oxide at the Diad Level
Authors: Wu Guang‐Peng , Zu Yu‐Ping , Xu Peng‐Xiang , Ren Wei‐Min , Lu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA large amount of interesting information on the alternating copolymerization of CO2 with terminal epoxides has already been reported, such as the regiochemistry of epoxide ring‐opening and the stereochemistry of the carbonate unit sequence in the polymer chain. Moreover, the microstructures of CO2 copolymers from propylene oxide and cyclohexene oxide have also been well‐studied. However, the microstructure of the CO2 copolymer from styrene oxide (SO), an epoxide that contains an electron‐withdrawing group, has not yet been investigated. Herein, we focus on the spectroscopic assignment of the CO2 copolymer from styrene oxide at the diad level by using three kinds of model dimer compounds, that is, T-T, H-T, and H-H. By comparing the signals in the carbonyl region, we concluded that the signals at δ=154.3, 153.8, and 153.3 ppm in the 13C NMR spectrum of poly(styrene carbonate) were due to tail‐to‐tail, head‐to‐tail, and head‐to‐head carbonate linkages, respectively. Moreover, various isotactic and syndiotactic model compounds based on T-T, H-T, and H-H (dimers (R,R)-T-T, (S,S)-T-T, and (R,S)-T-T; (R,R)-H-T, (S,S)-H-T, and (R,S)-H-T; (R,R)-H-H, (S,S)-H-H, and (R,S)-H-H) were synthesized for the further spectroscopic assignment of stereospecific poly(styrene carbonate)s. We found that the carbonate carbon signals were sensitive towards the stereocenters on adjacent styrene oxide ring‐opening units. These discoveries were found to be well‐matched to the microstructures of the stereoregular poly(styrene carbonate)s that were prepared by using a multichiral CoIII‐based catalyst system.
Confusion Diagnosis and Control of Discrete Event Systems Using Synchronized Petri Nets
Authors: Chen Xiao‐liang , Li Zhi‐wu , Al‐Ahmari Abdulrahman M. , El‐Tamimi Abdulaziz Mohammed , Abouel Nasr Emad S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe mixture of conflicting transitions and concurrent transitions in Petri nets can lead to the loss of conflict information, which is an unfortunate phenomenon in discrete event systems, usually called confusions. They appear in the processes of resource allocation and may cause incomplete decision‐making on conflicts. Hence, a confusion detection method and a control strategy are required. This paper proposes a class of confusion control event reconfigurable (CCR) nets to control confusions with the evolution of markings. Their properties such as safety and liveness with the mapping from original Petri nets to CCR nets are investigated. Two confusion control algorithms are proposed to generate a set of control code sequences, which can completely control the occurrences of confusions. Then, a confusion detection algorithm with polynomial time complexity is developed. Finally, an example of confusion analysis in automated manufacturing systems is presented.
Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect with the Amplatzer® membranous VSD occluder 2: Initial world experience and one‐year follow‐up
Authors: Tzikas Apostolos , Ibrahim Reda , Velasco‐Sanchez Daniel , Freixa Xavier , Alburquenque Marcela , Khairy Paul , Bass John L. , Ramirez Juan , Aguirre Daniel , Miro Joaquim 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo describe the initial world experience and mid‐term follow‐up of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) closure with a newly designed occluder.BackgroundTranscatheter closure of pmVSDs has been associated with a substantial risk of complete heart block, prompting many centers to abandon this intervention.MethodsA prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted on patients with pmVSD undergoing catheter closure using the Amplatzer® Membranous VSD Occluder 2 in the initial 4 pilot centers.ResultsNineteen patients, median age 6 years (range 1.4–62 years), were enrolled and followed for 14 ± 3 months (range 8–20 months). The median weight was 26 kg (range 9.3–96 kg) and the mean Qp/Qs ratio was 1.8 ± 0.7. The defect on left ventricular side measured 9.9 ± 3.5 mm and the orifice on right ventricular side was 8.1 ± 2.8 mm by echocardiography. Mean device size was 9.4 ± 2.4 mm (range 5–14 mm). An eccentric device was employed in 9 patients (47%) and a concentric device in 10 (53%). Overall, 18 patients (95%) had successful device implants. Procedural time was 122 ± 39 min. There were no procedural complications. Mild residual shunting was initially observed in 14 (78%) patients. At last follow‐up, mild residual shunting persisted in only 3 (17%) patients. There was no significant increase in aortic or tricuspid regurgitation. No patient had any degree of AV block, although one developed a transient left anterior fascicular block. Holter evaluation, obtained in all patients, was unremarkable in all.ConclusionsThis early cohort experience using a novel adapted transcatheter closure device for pmVSD suggests that the procedure is feasible, safe, and effective. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of six risk scores in patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease undergoing PCI: Competing factors influence mortality, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization
Authors: Kovacic Jason C. , Limaye Atul M. , Sartori Samantha , Lee Paul , Patel Roshan , Chandela Sweta , Trost Biana , Roy Swathi , Harari Rafael , Narechania Birju , Karajgikar Rucha , Kim Michael C. , Krishnan Prakash , Moreno Pedro , Baber Usman , Mehran Roxana , Dangas George , Kini Annapoorna S. , Sharma Samin K. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo compare the discriminatory value of differing risk scores for predicting clinical outcomes following PCI in routine practice.BackgroundVarious risk scores predict outcomes after PCI. However, these scores consider markedly different factors, from purely anatomical (SYNTAX risk score [SRS]) to purely clinical (ACEF, modified ACEF [ACEFmod], NCDR), while other scores combine both elements (Clinical SYNTAX score [CSS], NY State Risk Score [NYSRS]).MethodsPatients with triple vessel and/or LM disease with 12 month follow‐up were studied from a single center PCI registry. Exclusion criteria included STEMI presentation, prior revascularization and shock. Clinical events at 12 months were compared to baseline risk scores, according to score tertiles and area under receiver‐operating‐characteristic curves (AUC).ResultsWe identified 584 eligible patients (69.8±12.3yrs, 405 males). All scores were predictive of mortality, with the SRS being least predictive (AUC=0.66). The most accurate scores for mortality were the CSS and ACEF (AUC=0.76 for both: P = 0.019 and 0.08 vs. SRS, respectively). For TLR, while the SRS trended toward being positively predictive (P = 0.075), several scores trended towards a negative association, which reached significance for the NCDR (P = 0.045). The SRS and CSS were the only scores predictive of MI (both P < 0.05). No score was particularly accurate for predicting MACE (death+MI+TLR), with AUCs ranging from 0.53 (NCDR) to 0.63 (SRS).ConclusionsCompeting factors influence mortality, MI and TLR after PCI. An increasing burden of comorbidities is associated with mortality, whereas anatomical complexity predicts MI. By combining these outcomes to predict MACE, all scores show reduced utility. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.