bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug-likeness analysis of traditional Chinese medicines: 2. Characterization of scaffold architectures for drug-like compounds, non-drug-like compounds, and natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicines
Authors: Tian Sheng , Li Youyong , Wang Junmei , Xu Xiaojie , Xu Lei , Wang Xiaohong , Chen Lei , Hou Tingjun 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
In order to better understand the structural features of natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicines, the scaffold architectures of drug-like compounds in MACCS-II Drug Data Report (MDDR), non-drug-like compounds in Available Chemical Directory (ACD), and natural compounds in Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Database (TCMCD) were explored and compared.

Results
First, the different scaffolds were extracted from ACD, MDDR and TCMCD by using three scaffold representations, including Murcko frameworks, Scaffold Tree, and ring systems with different complexity and side chains. Then, by examining the accumulative frequency of the scaffolds in each dataset, we observed that the Level 1 scaffolds of the Scaffold Tree offer advantages over the other scaffold architectures to represent the scaffold diversity of the compound libraries. By comparing the similarity of the scaffold architectures presented in MDDR, ACD and TCMCD, structural overlaps were observed not only between MDDR and TCMCD but also between MDDR and ACD. Finally, Tree Maps were used to cluster the Level 1 scaffolds of the Scaffold Tree and visualize the scaffold space of the three datasets.

Conclusion
The analysis of the scaffold architectures of MDDR, ACD and TCMCD shows that, on average, drug-like molecules in MDDR have the highest diversity while natural compounds in TCMCD have the highest complexity. According to the Tree Maps, it can be observed that the Level 1 scaffolds present in MDDR have higher diversity than those presented in TCMCD and ACD. However, some representative scaffolds in MDDR with high frequency show structural similarities to those in TCMCD and ACD, suggesting that some scaffolds in TCMCD and ACD may be potentially drug-like fragments for fragment-based and de novo drug design.
One cell, multiple roles: contribution of mesenchymal stem cells to tumor development in tumor microenvironment
Authors: Yang Xue , Hou Jing , Han Zhipeng , Wang Ying , Hao Chong , Wei Lixin , Shi Yufang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe discovery of tissue reparative and immunosuppressive abilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has drawn more attention to tumor microenvironment and its role in providing the soil for the tumor cell growth. MSCs are recruited to tumor which is referred as the never healing wound and altered by the inflammation environment, thereby helping to construct the tumor microenvironment. The environment orchestrated by MSCs and other factors can be associated with angiogenesis, immunosuppression, inhibition of apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), survival of cancer stem cells, which all contribute to tumor growth and progression. In this review, we will discuss how MSCs are recruited to the tumor microenvironment and what effects they have on tumor progression.
Ruptured left ventricular pseudoaneurysm in the mediastinum following acute myocardial infarction: a case report
Authors: Si Daoyuan , Shi Kaiyao , Gao Dongmei , Yang Ping 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon complication after transmural acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Here we describe the case of a 43-year-old man who presented with AMI and chest distress despite the normal appearance of his coronary artery during coronary angiography. Timely thrombolytic therapy was administered. Echocardiography, and cardiac computed tomography showed a ventricular pseudoaneurysm, and direct visualization at the time of surgery showed that it had ruptured in the mediastinum instead of the pericardium. The survival rate of patients with ventricular pseudoaneurysm rupture is low. The rupture of ventricular pseudoaneurysm in the mediastinum is rare; therefore, this case is noteworthy.
Memantine in patients with Alzheimer's disease receiving donepezil: new analyses of efficacy and safety for combination therapy
Authors: Atri Alireza , Molinuevo José L , Lemming Ole , Wirth Yvonne , Pulte Irena , Wilkinson David 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Memantine and cholinesterase inhibitors potentially offer additional benefits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) when used together. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of combination treatment with memantine added to stable donepezil in patients with moderate to severe AD, and in a subset with moderate AD.

Methods
Post hoc meta-analyses of data combined from two 24-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of memantine 20 mg/day versus placebo, added to a stable cholinesterase inhibitor, were conducted. Data were included for all patients receiving donepezil 10 mg/day with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores < 20 (n = 510). Efficacy was assessed using measures of cognition, function, and global status. Furthermore, marked clinical worsening, defined as concurrent deterioration from baseline in the three main efficacy domains, and safety, measured by treatment-emergent adverse events, were assessed. Analyses were performed for patients with moderate to severe AD (MMSE 5-19; MOD-SEV subgroup), and also for patients with moderate AD (MMSE 10-19; MOD subgroup; n = 367).

Results
At week 24, in the MOD-SEV subgroup, patients receiving memantine added to donepezil significantly outperformed those receiving placebo added to donepezil in measures of cognition (P < 0.0001), function (P = 0.02), and global status (P = 0.010), with standardised mean differences (SMDs) of 0.36, 0.21, and 0.23, respectively (all last observation carried forward). Similarly, in the MOD subgroup, significant benefits were observed for cognition (P = 0.008), function (P = 0.04) and global status (P = 0.008), with SMDs of 0.28, 0.21, and 0.28, respectively. Significantly fewer patients receiving memantine added to donepezil showed marked clinical worsening than those receiving placebo added to donepezil, in both subgroups (MOD-SEV: 8.7% versus 20.4%, P = 0.0002; MOD: 5.9% versus 15.0%, P = 0.006). The incidence of adverse events was similar between treatment groups.

Conclusions
These results support and extend previous evidence that combination treatment with memantine added to stable donepezil in patients with moderate AD, and in those with moderate to severe AD, is associated with significant benefits in reducing 24-week decline in cognition, function and global status. Combination treatment produces substantially reduced rates of marked clinical worsening, has good safety and tolerability, and generates effect sizes that are both statistically significant and clinically meaningful.
The prognostic significance and value of cyclin D1, CDK4 and p16 in human breast cancer
Authors: Peurala Emmi , Koivunen Peppi , Haapasaari Kirsi-Maria , Bloigu Risto , Jukkola-Vuorinen Arja 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Loss of the retinoblastoma protein tumor suppressor gene (RB) coding for a nuclear phosphoprotein that regulates the cell cycle is found in many human cancers and probably leads to disruption of the p16-cyclin D1-CDK4/6-RB pathway. Cyclin D1 is known to activate CDK4, which then phosphorylates the RB protein, leading to cell cycle progression. p16 inhibits CDK4, keeping RB hypophosphorylated and preventing cell cycle progression. The significance of these three markers, cyclin D1, CDK4 and p16, for breast cancer and carcinogenesis is nevertheless still controversial.

Methods
The material consisted of 102 formalin-fixed human breast cancer samples, in which cyclin D1, CDK4 and p16 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically. The amounts of cyclin D1 mRNA present were analyzed by quantitative real time PCR.

Results
High cyclin D1 expression statistically significantly correlated with lower tumor grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity and lower proliferation activity in breast tumors and increased breast cancer-specific survival and overall survival. Tumors with high cyclin D1 protein had 1.8 times higher expression of cyclin D1 mRNA. CDK4 expression did not correlate with cyclin D1 expression or the survival data. p16 expression was associated with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) negativity and increased breast cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival. No statistical correlations between cyclin D1, CDK4 and p16 were found.

Conclusions
Cyclin D1 was associated with a good breast cancer prognosis but functioned independently of CDK4. High cyclin D1 expression may be partially due to increased CCND1 transcription. p16 correlated with a better prognosis and may function without CDK4. In conclusion, it appears that cyclin D1, CDK4 and p16 function independently in human breast cancer.
Prognostic consequences of borderline dysnatremia: pay attention to minimal serum sodium change
Authors: Darmon Michael , Diconne Eric , Souweine Bertrand , Ruckly Stéphane , Adrie Christophe , Azoulay Elie , Clec'h Christophe , Garrouste-Orgeas Maïté , Schwebel Carole , Goldgran-Toledano Dany , Khallel Hatem , Dumenil Anne-Sylvie , Jamali Samir , Cheval Christine , Allaouchiche Bernard , Zeni Fabrice , Timsit Jean-François 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Introduction
To assess the prevalence of dysnatremia, including borderline changes in serum sodium concentration, and to estimate the impact of these dysnatremia on mortality after adjustment for confounders.

Methods
Observational study on a prospective database fed by 13 intensive care units (ICUs). Unselected patients with ICU stay longer than 48 h were enrolled over a 14-year period were included in this study. Mild to severe hyponatremia were defined as serum sodium concentration < 135, < 130, and < 125 mmol/L respectively. Mild to severe hypernatremia were defined as serum sodium concentration > 145, > 150, and > 155 mmol/L respectively. Borderline hyponatremia and hypernatremia were defined as serum sodium concentration between 135 and 137 mmol/L or 143 and 145 respectively.

Results
A total of 11,125 patients were included in this study. Among these patients, 3,047 (27.4%) had mild to severe hyponatremia at ICU admission, 2,258 (20.3%) had borderline hyponatremia at ICU admission, 1,078 (9.7%) had borderline hypernatremia and 877 (7.9%) had mild to severe hypernatremia. After adjustment for confounder, both moderate and severe hyponatremia (subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) 1.82, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.395 and 1.27, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.60 respectively) were associated with day-30 mortality. Similarly, mild, moderate and severe hypernatremia (sHR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.57; 1.51, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.99; and 2.64, 95% CI 2.00 to 3.81 respectively) were independently associated with day-30 mortality.

Conclusions
One-third of critically ill patients had a mild to moderate dysnatremia at ICU admission. Dysnatremia, including mild changes in serum sodium concentration, is an independent risk factor for hospital mortality and should not be neglected.
A grammar-driven bilingual digital dictionary for Cayuga (Iroquoian)
Authors: Dyck Carrie , Kumar Ranjeet 
Published: January 2013

Lexical access in Cayuga is especially difficult because of obligatory prefixation. For example, the related words in (a) should occur under the same lemma or citation form, but would be scattered throughout the dictionary if listed alphabetically. (a) A partial Cayuga verb paradigm (stem: -nę:ye:s or -hnę:ye:s to be tall ) aknihnę:ye:s we two (exclusive) are tall dwahnę:ye:s we all (inclusive) are tall ehnę:ye:s she, someone is tall gahnę:ye:s it is tall hahnę:ye:s he is tall knę:ye:s I am tall A typical solution is to use units like the stem [-hnę:ye:s] for the citation form. However, virtually no one knows how to identify the stem. Fortunately, digital dictionaries promise to solve the problem of user access in Iroquoian languages. We present a digital dictionary that exploits the unique grammatical properties of Cayuga to facilitate word look-up. Our digital dictionary refers to a database of whole words and removes the finite set of affixes, returning a stem-like unit. A relaxed search algorithm then returns a list of words which partially or wholly match the stem-like unit. The advantage of this approach is that the end-user only has know whole word forms to get the desired results. This makes the Cayuga dictionary accessible to lay-people in a way that was not previously possible.
Estimating the order of vanishing at infinity of Drinfeld quasi-modular forms
Authors: Pellarin Federico 
Published: January 2013

Abstract.

The aim of this paper is twofold. We first introduce and study certain deformations of
Drinfeld quasi-modular forms by using rigid analytic trivialisations of families of Anderson t-motives of rank two. We show that a sub-algebra of these deformations has a natural graduation by the group

ℤ
2

×
ℤ
/

(
q
-
1
)

ℤ

$\mathbb {Z}^2\times \mathbb {Z}/(q-1)\mathbb {Z}$

and an homogeneous endomorphism. Then, we deduce from this and other properties, multiplicity estimates.
Frozen embryo transfer: the present practice and beyond
Authors: Chaudhuri Anjana Ray , Chatterjee Siddhartha 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background: With the success of oocyte donation in vitro fertilization (IVF) in postmenopausal women, the importance of endometrial preparation became obvious. This appears also very crucial for achieving pregnancy after frozen embryo transfer (FET) after failed fresh IVF cycles and FET in subsequent natural cycles. Although there are different methods of preparing endometrium, in this study, another method of preparing the implantation bed using letrozole was scrutinized for its usefulness.

Methods: Two hundred and seventy patients between 28 and 40 years of age undergoing IVF due to bilateral tubal blocks were chosen for FET. They had a previous unsuccessful single IVF attempt or had postponed embryo transfer due to the threat of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome or poor endometrial development. Informed consents were obtained from the participants. One hundred patients had endometrial preparation by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist down-regulation and with hormone replacement therapy, 55 had natural cycle FET, and the remaining 115 patients had letrozole-induced ovulation induction (OI) for endometrial preparation.

Results: The clinical and biochemical pregnancy rate or live birth rate was higher in the letrozole OI group than in the other two groups.

Conclusions: OI by letrozole and subsequent endometrial preparation as a result of it may be utilized for FET, and this will be cheap and easy to administer, giving better success rates in FET cycles.
Effect of Various Herbicides on Warm‐season Grass Weeds and Switchgrass Establishment
Authors: Kering Maru K. , Huo Chengjun , Interrante Sindy M. , Hancock Dennis W. , Butler Twain J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is typically slow and difficult to establish. Field experiments evaluated switchgrass establishment and the response of warm‐season grass weeds (large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], broadleaf signalgrass [Urochloa platyphylla (Munro ex C. Wright) R.D. Webster], Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.], and Texas panicum [Urochloa texana (Buckley) R.D. Webster]) to a preemergence (cloransulam) or postemergence (foramsulfuron, pendimethalin, quinclorac, foramsulfuron + pendimethalin + quinclorac, nicosulfuron, nicosulfuron + pendimethalin + quinclorac, nicosulfuron + quinclorac + atrazine, and monosodium methanearsonate [MSMA]) herbicides. Experimental design was a split‐split‐plot design with presence/absence of preemergence herbicide cloransulam as main plot, weed species as subplot treatment, and postemergence herbicides as sub‐subplot treatments. Herbicides foramsulfuron + pendimethalin + quinclorac was applied at the 1‐ to 2‐ and 2‐ to 3‐leaf stage, whereas nicosulfuron was applied at 2‐ to 3‐leaf stage and nicosulfuron combinations and MSMA were applied at 3‐ to 4‐leaf stage. Using cloransulam as a preemergence herbicide resulted in lower switchgrass seedling numbers and generally did not improve establishment. Interseeding Johnsongrass allowed for the greatest number of switchgrass seedlings and was the least competitive weed, whereas interseeding large crabgrass resulted in the least amount of switchgrass and proved to be the most competitive weed. Foramsulfuron + pendimethalin + quinclorac resulted in effective weed control (>70%) for all four species evaluated and improved switchgrass establishment (13–26%) compared to the untreated control (0–3%); however, greater improvement in stand establishment is needed.
Space‐Plant versus Sward‐Plot Evaluation of Half‐Sib Families to Select Parents for Synthetic Cultivars with Superior Biomass Yield in Lowland Switchgrass
Authors: Bhandari H.S. , Fasoula V. A. , Bouton J.H. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) needs significant biomass yield improvement for its viable use as bioenergy feedstock. Conventional family evaluation under sward plot is very effective in cultivar improvement, but it is time and resource consuming. Family evaluation under space planting using honeycomb design can reduce time and inputs. The objective of this study was to compare conventional sward‐plot and modified space‐plant evaluation of half‐sib families in their biomass yield gain and resource use. Using same initial set of genotypes selected from ‘Alamo’, two experimental synthetics were developed by the following methods: (i) summer field polycrossing of selected genotypes to produce half‐sibs, half‐sib family evaluation under sward plot conditions (HSSward) at two locations for 2 yr, and polycrossing the five genotypes showing superior half‐sibs to produce the experimental and (ii) greenhouse polycrossing genotypes during the winter to produce half‐sibs, half‐sib family evaluation under space‐plant conditions using honeycomb design (HSSpace) for 2 yr at one location, and polycrossing the five best progeny within the five superior half‐sibs to produce the experimental. The 2 to 3 yr biomass yield performance of two experimentals across five locations demonstrated that both HSSward and HSSpace led to a significant biomass yield gain over Alamo in three and two of the five locations, respectively. The HSSward produced a superior and more stable synthetic across a wide region than HSSpace. However, the HSSpace produced its synthetic a year sooner and was more resource efficient and, under finite resources, it could be a method of choice for cultivar development especially for a narrow geographic region.
Audit Fees and Investor Perceptions of Audit Characteristics
Authors: Beck Allison K. , Fuller Robert M. , Muriel Leah , Reid Colin D. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT:
We investigate how audit fee disclosures affect investor perceptions of audit characteristics. We find evidence that when audit fees are presented to investors with supplementary contextual information indicating that the fees are low, average, or high (as compared to industry averages), investors perceive audit quality and auditor effort as being low, average, or high, respectively. When not provided with any additional information concerning the audit fee (similar to the present state of disclosures), investors assess audit quality and auditor effort as being average. Surprisingly, we find that while investors perceive auditor independence as low, average, and high when fees are presented as high, average, or low, respectively, investors not provided with any relative fee information assess auditor independence as low, similar to the investors who are presented with high relative fees. This latter finding provides important insight regarding investors' current perceptions of auditor independence, particularly in the absence of relative or comparative audit fee information.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
À propos du concept de neuro-psychanalyse
Authors: Golse Bernard 
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’auteur réfléchit à propos des fonctionnements adolescents sur le concept de neuropsychanalyse. Il en reprend rapidement la trajectoire historique et revient sur trois paradigmes du cinquantième Congrès des Psychanalystes de Langue Française des Pays Romans (1990) : la théorie des catastrophes et du chaos, le concept d’auto-organisation.
Conduites adolescentes et développement cérébral : psychanalyse et neurosciences
Authors: Dayan Jacques , Guillery-Girard Bérangère 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Constatations empiriques, enquêtes épidémiologiques, clinique psychopathologique et neurosciences confirment la spécificité de certains comportements à l’adolescence : impulsivité, recherche de sensations et comportements à risque. Ces comportements plus fréquents entre quinze et vingt-cinq ans sont contemporains d’une réorganisation cérébrale majeure qui affecte électivement le cortex préfrontal. La découverte des caractéristiques anatomiques et fonctionnelles du remaniement cérébral permet la mise en perspective des neurosciences et de la psychanalyse. Deux conceptions de l’adolescence s’expriment tout à la fois dans ces deux champs. L’une de ces conceptions dresse le tableau d’un adolescent aisément débordé par le pulsionnel (en psychanalyse) ou par l’émotion (en neurosciences) : dans le premier cas, il est postulé un défaut de mentalisation, dans le second, un défaut de contrôle du cortex préfrontal encore immature sur le cerveau limbique (émotionnel). L’autre conception, que nous soutenons, consiste en ce que le déséquilibre relatif entre émotion et cognition au cours de cette période, permet par le biais de l’expérimentation sociale, y compris « impulsive », une adaptation fine de la structure, de la connectivité et de la fonctionnalité des régions préfrontales. Dans une perspective évolutionniste, les modifications tardives de ces régions cérébrales, les dernières à se développer tant sur le plan de la phylogenèse que de l’ontogenèse, permettent non seulement la transition vers l’âge adulte, mais aussi une adaptation aux changements de valeurs opérés d’une génération à l’autre. La présentation d’approches croisées entre neurosciences et psychanalyse conduit à des remarques d’ordre épistémologique.
L'agir comme processus ?
Authors: Ouss Lisa 
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’auteur insiste sur quatre points évoqués par J. Dayan, B. Guillery-Girard. Le premier concerne le renversement des conceptions de l’adolescence vers un modèle téléologique. Le second propose une nouvelle lecture des signes cliniques : une conception de l’agir non comme un symptôme, mais comme un processus structurant. Le troisième concerne la manière dont on peut penser l’articulation entre neurosciences et psychanalyse. Le dernier aborde l’édification d’un nouveau cadre pour la psychopathologie. D’une place du « tout neuroscientifique » dans la psychologie du sens commun à l’ouverture théorique féconde, ces interactions ne laissent pas de nous questionner.
L'autonomie comme valeur
Authors: Dayan Jacques 
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’idée que le concept de responsabilité de Soi s’impose depuis plusieurs décennies comme représentation dominante de la relation de l’individu au socius est discutée. Une des principales hypothèses avancées par l’auteur est que la – relative – irresponsabilité de Soi était associée à l’étendue de la délégation de sa propre protection à l’État. Ces modifications feraient écho aux transformations socio-économiques et traverseraient, nous l’évoquons, le champ des sciences humaines. Elles se manifestent, concernant la psychanalyse, par une évolution de la plainte et un accent porté sur les troubles « narcissiques ». Il reste incertain que ces transformations affectent de façon consistante le comportement adolescent au-delà du rôle que celui-ci semble avoir régulièrement joué : celui d’un intégrateur social, d’un passeur entre les générations.