bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The asymptotic expansion of a hypergeometric series coming from mirror symmetry
Authors: Shokri Khosro M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

In this paper we give a description of the coefficients of the asymptotic expansion of the logarithmic derivative of
a family of hypergeometric series. This family plays an important role in the computation of the reduced genus one Gromov–Witten invariants
of projective hypersurfaces and the confirmation of Bershadsky, Cecotti, Ooguri, Vafa (BCOV) conjecture for genus
one Gromov–Witten invariants of a generic quintic threefold by Zinger.
Vitamin D During Pregnancy and Infancy and Infant Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration
Authors: Grant Cameron C. , Stewart Alistair W. , Scragg Robert , Milne Tania , Rowden Judy , Ekeroma Alec , Wall Clare , Mitchell Edwin A. , Crengle Sue , Trenholme Adrian , Crane Julian , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE:To determine the vitamin D dose necessary to achieve serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration ≥20 ng/mL during infancy.METHODS:A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in New Zealand. Pregnant mothers, from 27 weeks’ gestation to birth, and then their infants, from birth to age 6 months, were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 mother/infant groups: placebo/placebo, vitamin D3 1000/400 IU, or vitamin D3 2000/800 IU. Serum 25(OH)D and calcium concentrations were measured at enrollment, 36 weeks’ gestation, in cord blood, and in infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.RESULTS:Two-hundred-and-sixty pregnant women were randomized. At enrollment, the proportions with serum 25(OH)D ≥20 ng/mL for placebo, lower-dose, and higher-dose groups were 54%, 64%, and 55%, respectively. The proportion with 25(OH)D ≥20 ng/mL was larger in both intervention groups at 36 weeks’ gestation (50%, 91%, 89%, P &lt; .001). In comparison with placebo, the proportion of infants with 25(OH)D ≥20 ng/mL was larger in both intervention groups to age 4 months: cord blood (22%, 72%, 71%, P &lt; .001), 2 months (50%, 82%, 92%, P &lt; .001), and 4 months (66%, 87%, 87%, P = .004), but only in the higher-dose group at age 6 months (74%, 82%, 89%, P = .07; higher dose versus placebo P = .03, lower dose versus placebo P = .21).CONCLUSIONS:Daily vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and then infancy with 1000/400 IU or 2000/800 IU increases the proportion of infants with 25(OH)D ≥20 ng/mL, with the higher dose sustaining this increase for longer.
Effectiveness and Cost of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Control at High Elevation
Authors: Concilio Amy L. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDowny brome (Bromus tectorum) is an invasive, annual grass that has spread through much of the Great Basin desert but remains patchy at high elevation. This study evaluates control options for outlier infestations in the eastern Sierra Nevada, CA, based on their ecological effectiveness and their economic and practical feasibility. I tested the efficacy of hand-pulling, sheet-mulching, and soil solarization followed by broadcast and seedball seeding of native forbs and grasses. Downy brome cover, density, and dominance in the seed bank decreased with all removal treatments. Soil solarization and sheet mulching were most successful at eliminating downy brome (decreasing density by 99% after just 1 yr of treatment in both cases), but they had negative nontarget impacts on other herbaceous species. Germination of native seeds was low with both broadcast and seedball seeding, probably because of dry conditions. Each of the methods tested has potential for decreasing or eliminating small-scale, outlier infestations of downy brome along roadsides and in disturbed sites and thereby helping to contain the invasion.
Treatment Alternatives and Timing Affect Seeds of African Mustard (Brassica tournefortii), an Invasive Forb in American Southwest Arid Lands
Authors: Abella Scott R. , Suazo Alexis A. , Norman Carrie M. , Newton Alice C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDeveloping management strategies for invasive plant species requires identifying effective treatment methods (e.g., physical or chemical treatments) and optimally timing their application. For invasive annual plants, effects of treatments on seed production and germinability are paramount to reduce seed banks and subsequent plant establishment. We compared effects of a range of physical and chemical treatments applied to plants containing seeds at different developmental stages at field sites in the Mojave Desert (Nevada and Arizona) for managing the exotic annual forb, African mustard. Effectiveness of physical treatments (hand pulling entire plants, breaking plants, or separating siliques from plants) for reducing African mustard seed size and germination varied by treatment and seed maturity stage at which treatments were applied. With all treated plant material remaining in the field (i.e., not bagged and transported off site), hand pulling or breaking plants resulted in 90 to 100% of developing and developed seeds still able to germinate. Separating siliques from plants, however, resulted in 0% germination of undeveloped and developing seeds. All three tested herbicides (glyphosate, 2,4-D, and metsulfuron) reduced germination to zero or near zero across all seed development stages. Results suggest that physical treatments are most effective at early stages of seed development, whereas several different herbicides are effective across seed developmental stages. Results also highlight the importance of considering the potential for continued seed development and germinability on treated plant material when choosing invasive plant treatment types and timing.
Landscape Disturbances Impact Affect the Distribution and Abundance of Exotic Grasses in Northern Fescue Prairies
Authors: Gifford Marlene , Otfinowski Rafael 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe presence of landscape disturbances increases the establishment of exotic plants inside natural areas. Here, we examine the effect of human disturbances to prairie landscapes on the distribution and abundance of Kentucky bluegrass and smooth brome, exotic grasses that threaten the integrity of prairie ecosystems throughout the northern Great Plains. Using plant inventory data from Riding Mountain National Park in Manitoba, Canada, we investigated how roads, trails, and the intensity of historic livestock grazing affect the distribution and abundance of exotic grasses. On the basis of our results, both Kentucky bluegrass and smooth brome were more abundant in areas closer to roads. Kentucky bluegrass was also more abundant in areas farther from trails and those historically grazed by cattle. Our research demonstrates that the effect of landscape disturbances on exotic grasses varies between species and suggests that patterns of invasion may reflect different introduction histories. Given our findings, conserving the integrity of northern fescue prairies should account for human disturbances of landscapes and their effects on the proliferation of exotic plants into areas of native prairie.
Assessing Invasiveness of Exotic Weeds outside their Current Invasive Range
Authors: Rinella Matthew J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWhen exotic species invade a region, it becomes important to assess their invasiveness in adjacent uninvaded regions to determine if weed prevention measures are needed. Leafy spurge and knapweed species are absent from the vast majority of eastern Montana, but the region is surrounded by regions heavily invaded by these species. To assess invasiveness of leafy spurge and Russian and spotted knapweed in common eastern Montana grassland sites, I introduced these species to three sites as seeds (120 live seeds plot−1) and seedlings (6 plot−1). I assessed how common grazing regimes influenced invasiveness by imposing cattle, sheep, mixed grazing (i.e., cattle plus sheep), and grazing exclusion treatments for 7 yr. Invader survival did not appear to differ greatly among sheep, cattle, and mixed grazing treatments, but excluding grazing lowered probabilities that plots maintained invaders for the entire study period at two of three sites. At these same sites, grazing exclusion increased growth rates of those invaders that did survive, at least in the case of leafy spurge. Regardless of grazing treatment or site, however, large proportions of plots did not maintain invaders through the end of the study period. At one heavy clay site, only one small leafy spurge plant persisted through the end of the study. In the seventh study year, the plots with the most leafy spurge and Russian knapweed produced 222 and 112 stems, respectively, and the stems remained mostly confined to the 2- by 2-m plots. These findings suggest that, barring intense disturbance, leafy spurge and spotted and Russian knapweed might be incapable of invading some grasslands of eastern Montana, particularly upland sites with high clay content. Any upland sites in the region these species are capable of invading will likely be invaded only very slowly.
Routine Prophylaxes Every 3 Months Improves Chronic Periodontitis Status in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: López Néstor J. , Quintero Antonio , Casanova Patricia A. , Martínez Benjamín 
Published: December 2013

Background: Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are major health problems, especially in low‐income populations with little access to dental care. Low‐cost models for treatment of periodontal disease have not been tested in controlled studies in low‐income populations. Dental prophylaxis, which includes removal of supragingival calculus and plaque, has been shown to arrest the progression of periodontitis. A controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of dental prophylaxis on periodontitis in T2DM.Methods: Twenty‐six patients with T2DM and chronic periodontitis (CP) and 26 without T2DM with CP were selected. Periodontal probing depth (PD), gingival bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and surfaces with plaque were recorded at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months after initial treatment. All the participants received instructions on oral hygiene and one session of dental prophylaxis at baseline and every 3 months. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured at baseline and every 3 months in patients with T2DM.Results: A significant improvement of PD, BOP, and sites with plaque was observed 3 months after treatment in patients with T2DM (P = 0.001). In controls, mean PD significantly improved after 6 months compared with baseline (P = 0.001). No significant improvement of CAL occurred in either group. No significant differences in periodontal parameters between the groups were detected, and no participant showed progression of CP during the 9‐month study period. Dental prophylaxis did not influence HbA1c levels, and no association among HbA1c concentration, pretreatment metabolic status, and severity of CP was found.Conclusion: Routine prophylaxes every 3 months significantly improve periodontal health and prevent progression of CP in both poorly controlled and well‐controlled patients with T2DM.
The Changing Character of the Black–White Infant Mortality Gap, 1983–2004
Authors: Elder Todd E. , Goddeeris John H. , Haider Steven J. , Paneth Nigel 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We examined how changes in demographic, geographic, and childbearing risk factors were related to changes in the Black–White infant mortality rate (IMR) gap over 2 decades. Methods. Using 1983–2004 Vital Statistics, we applied inverse probability weighting methods to examine the relationship between risk factors and 3 outcomes: the overall IMR gap, its birth weight component, and its conditional (on birth weight) IMR component. Results. The unexplained IMR gap (the part not related to observed risk factors) was stable, changing from 5.0 to 5.3 deaths per 1000 live births. By contrast, the explained gap declined from 4.6 to 1.9. The decline in the explained gap was driven by the changing relationship between risk factors and IMR. Further analysis revealed that most of the unexplained gap occurred among infants weighing less than 1000 grams at birth, whereas most of the explained gap occurred among infants weighing more than 1000 grams. Conclusions. The unexplained gap was stable over the last 2 decades, but the explained gap declined markedly. If the stability of the unexplained gap continues, even complete convergence of risk factors would reduce the Black–White IMR gap by only one quarter.
Association Between Birthplace and Current Asthma: The Role of Environment and Acculturation
Authors: Iqbal Shahed , Oraka Emeka , Chew Ginger L. , Flanders W. Dana 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We evaluated associations between current asthma and birthplace among major racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Methods. We used multivariate logistic regression methods to analyze data on 102 524 children and adolescents and 255 156 adults in the National Health Interview Survey (2001–2009). Results. We found significantly higher prevalence (P < .05) of current asthma among children and adolescents (9.3% vs 5.1%) and adults (7.6% vs 4.7%) born in the 50 states and Washington, DC (US-born), than among those born elsewhere. These differences were among all age groups of non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics (excluding Puerto Ricans) and among Chinese adults. Non–US-born adults with 10 or more years of residency in the United States had higher odds of current asthma (odds ratio = 1.55; 95% confidence interval = 1.25, 1.93) than did those who arrived more recently. Findings suggested a similar trend among non–US-born children. Conclusions. Current asthma status was positively associated with being born in the United States and with duration of residency in the United States. Among other contributing factors, changes in environment and acculturation may explain some of the differences in asthma prevalence.
Determinants and Market Consequences of Auditor Dismissals after Accounting Restatements
Authors: Hennes Karen M. , Leone Andrew J. , Miller Brian P. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
This study examines the conditions under which financial restatements lead corporate boards to dismiss external auditors and how the market responds to those dismissal announcements. We find that auditors are more likely to be dismissed after more severe restatements but that the severity effect is primarily attributable to the dismissal of non-Big 4 auditors rather than Big 4 auditors. We also document that among corporations with Big 4 auditors, those that are larger and more complex operationally are less likely to dismiss their auditors. Combined, this evidence suggests that firms with higher switching costs and fewer replacement auditor choices are less likely to dismiss their auditors after a restatement, which is informative to the debates about the costs and benefits of mandatory auditor rotation and limited competition in the audit market. Additionally, we examine contemporaneous executive turnover and find evidence that boards view auditor dismissals as complementary rather than substitute responses to restatements. Finally, we investigate the market reaction to auditor dismissals after restatements. The market reaction to the dismissal is significantly more positive following more severe restatements (5.9 percent) relative to less severe restatements (0.6 percent) when the client engages a comparably sized auditor. This positive market reaction is consistent with firms restoring financial reporting credibility by replacing their auditors and highlights the important role that auditors play in the financial markets.
Data Availability: Data are available from public sources indicated in the text.
Presumed primary and secondary hepatic copper accumulation in cats
Authors: Hurwitz Brandi M. , Center Sharon A. , Randolph John F. , McDonough Sean P. , Warner Karen L. , Hazelwood Kanda S. , Chiapella Ann M. , Mazzei Michael J. , Leavey Kathy , Acquaviva Anthony E. , Lindsay Mary M. , Sanders Leslie , Pintar Jason 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine signalments, clinical features, clinicopathologic variables, imaging findings, treatments, and survival time of cats with presumed primary copper-associated hepatopathy (PCH) and to determine quantitative measures and histologic characteristics of the accumulation and distribution of copper in liver samples of cats with presumed PCH, extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, chronic nonsuppurative cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis, and miscellaneous other hepatobiliary disorders and liver samples of cats without hepatobiliary disease.
Design—Retrospective cross-sectional study.
Animals—100 cats with hepatobiliary disease (PCH [n = 11], extrahepatic bile duct obstruction [14], cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis [37], and miscellaneous hepatobiliary disorders [38]) and 14 cats without hepatobiliary disease.
Procedures—From 1980 to 2013, cats with and without hepatobiliary disease confirmed by liver biopsy and measurement of hepatic copper concentrations were identified. Clinical, clinicopathologic, and imaging data were compared between cats with and without PCH.
Results—Cats with PCH were typically young (median age, 2.0 years); clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics were similar to those of cats with other liver disorders. Copper-specific staining patterns and quantification of copper in liver samples confirmed PCH (on the basis of detection of > 700 μg/g of liver sample dry weight). Six cats with PCH underwent successful treatment with chelation (penicillamine; n = 5), antioxidants (5), low doses of elemental zinc (2), and feeding of hepatic support or high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets, and other hepatic support treatments. One cat that received penicillamine developed hemolytic anemia, which resolved after discontinuation of administration. Three cats with high hepatic copper concentrations developed hepatocellular neoplasia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that copper accumulates in livers of cats as primary and secondary processes. Long-term management of cats with PCH was possible.
Revisiting Darwin's hypothesis: Does greater intraspecific variability increase species’ ecological breadth?
Authors: Sides Colby B. , Enquist Brian J. , Ebersole James J. , Smith Marielle N. , Henderson Amanda N. , Sloat Lindsey L. 
Published: December 2013

• Premise of the study: Darwin first proposed that species with larger ecological breadth have greater phenotypic variation. We tested this hypothesis by comparing intraspecific variation in specific leaf area (SLA) to species’ local elevational range and by assessing how external (abiotic) filters may influence observed differences in ecological breadth among species. Understanding the patterns of individual variation within and between populations will help evaluate differing hypotheses for structuring of communities and distribution of species.• Methods: We selected 21 species with varying elevational ranges and compared the coefficient of variation of SLA for each species against its local elevational range. We examined the influence of external filters on local trait composition by determining if intraspecific changes in SLA with elevation have the same direction and similar rates of change as the change in community mean SLA value.• Key results: In support of Darwin's hypothesis, we found a positive relationship between species’ coefficient of variation for SLA with species’ local elevational range. Intraspecific changes in SLA had the same sign, but generally lower magnitude than the community mean SLA.• Conclusions: The results indicate that wide‐ranging species are indeed characterized by greater intraspecific variation and that species’ phenotypes shift along environmental gradients in the same direction as the community phenotypes. However, across species, the rate of intraspecific trait change, reflecting plastic and/or adaptive changes across populations, is limited and prevents species from adjusting to environmental gradients as quickly as interspecific changes resulting from community assembly.
Une vie à crédit
Authors: Laé Jean-François , Murard Numa 
Published: December 2013

On parle beaucoup de dépendance, d’assistanat, pour fustiger ceux qui « profiteraient » de la munificence de l’État. Cet article montre la souffrance des personnes qui vivent dans l’endettement permanent, prisonnières du temps et de l’argent, soumises à un décompte permanent dans une économie de plus en plus « désencastrée » dont disparaissent progressivement le collectif et la solidarité informelle.
L'architecte est-il un auteur ?
Authors: Violeau Jean-Louis 
Published: December 2013

Les « starchitectes » d’aujourd’hui gèrent leur identité comme une marque ; on leur commande des immeubles comme naguère des tableaux à un peintre. Mais leurs « œuvres » sont aussi des lieux (d’habitation, de travail...) et sont donc soumises à un droit d’usage et à des modifications – voire des destructions – qui peuvent être décidées par les pouvoirs publics. Y a-t-il un droit d’auteur en architecture ?
La photographie et le film : des instruments de pouvoir ambivalents
Authors: Cuny Cécile , Nez Héloïse 
Published: December 2013

Cet article interroge le rôle de la photographie et du film dans la redistribution du pouvoir, à laquelle aspirent tant les dispositifs participatifs que les mouvements sociaux. Il montre que ces deux types d’images sont des instruments de pouvoir ambivalents : aux mains des élites, elles consacrent leur pouvoir ; appropriées par les groupes sociaux dominés, elles peuvent contribuer à subvertir les hiérarchies. À partir d’un état des lieux de la littérature, l’article repère deux catégories d’usages de la photographie et du film dans la participation : ils servent à rendre visible l’invisible ou sont mobilisés comme supports d’identification. Ces considérations permettent de réfléchir à leurs usages analytiques dans un contexte scientifique.
Gauchir le cinéma : un cinéma militant pour les dominés du champ social (1967‑1980)
Authors: Lecler Romain 
Published: December 2013

Les années 1970 ont vu l’institutionnalisation d’un véritable genre du cinéma militant. Dominé dans le champ du cinéma, il a pourtant accompagné toutes les luttes de la décennie. Il a montré ceux que le cinéma et la télévision « invisibilisaient », les dominés du champ social : ouvriers, paysans, employés, femmes, homosexuels, immigrés, etc. Il leur a donné des visages, une parole, a soutenu, accompagné et promu leurs combats. Contredisant le cliché d’un cinéma spontané et inabouti, il a mis en place une véritable esthétique, fondée sur des motifs récurrents, sur un style radical, et a traduit jusque dans sa forme l’impératif de la mobilisation.
Contre les bidonvilles, les moyens existent
Authors: Gachet André 
Published: December 2013

Les Roms ne sont pas nomades dans leur très grande majorité. Mais leur non-reconnaissance comme migrants les pousse au « sans-abrisme », c’est-à-dire à la relégation aux marges urbaines. La défense des Roms rejoint alors la lutte contre l’exclusion et le combat contre l’habitat indigne, comme le montre, André Gachet, militant lyonnais de longue date.
L'argent des migrants, une manne fantasmée
Authors: Coiffard Marie 
Published: December 2013

Les transferts de fonds des migrants vers leur pays d’origine ne cessent d’augmenter ces dernières années, jusqu’à largement dépasser l’aide public au développement. Constituent-ils pour autant cette manne attendue des organisations internationales, susceptibles d’enclencher le développement et de pallier les insuffisances de l’aide publique au développement et des politiques publiques des pays d’origine... et, ce faisant, d’enrayer les migrations ? La réalité semble tout autre.