bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The allometric exponent for scaling clearance varies with age: a study on seven propofol datasets ranging from preterm neonates to adults
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Allegaert Karel , Peeters Mariska Y. M. , Tibboel Dick , Danhof Meindert , Knibbe Catherijne A. J. 
Published: June 2013

AimFor scaling clearance between adults and children, allometric scaling with a fixed exponent of 0.75 is often applied. In this analysis, we performed a systematic study on the allometric exponent for scaling propofol clearance between two subpopulations selected from neonates, infants, toddlers, children, adolescents and adults.MethodsSeven propofol studies were included in the analysis (neonates, infants, toddlers, children, adolescents, adults1 and adults2). In a systematic manner, two out of the six study populations were selected resulting in 15 combined datasets. In addition, the data of the seven studies were regrouped into five age groups (FDA Guidance 1998), from which four combined datasets were prepared consisting of one paediatric age group and the adult group. In each of these 19 combined datasets, the allometric scaling exponent for clearance was estimated using population pharmacokinetic modelling (nonmem 7.2).ResultsThe allometric exponent for propofol clearance varied between 1.11 and 2.01 in cases where the neonate dataset was included. When two paediatric datasets were analyzed, the exponent varied between 0.2 and 2.01, while it varied between 0.56 and 0.81 when the adult population and a paediatric dataset except for neonates were selected. Scaling from adults to adolescents, children, infants and neonates resulted in exponents of 0.74, 0.70, 0.60 and 1.11 respectively.ConclusionsFor scaling clearance, ¾ allometric scaling may be of value for scaling between adults and adolescents or children, while it can neither be used for neonates nor for two paediatric populations. For scaling to neonates an exponent between 1 and 2 was identified.
Bioactivities of Jc‐SCRIP, a Type 1 Ribosome‐Inactivating Protein from Jatropha curcas Seed Coat
Authors: Nuchsuk Chanthakan , Wetprasit Nuanchawee , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Choowongkomon Kiattawee , T‐Thienprasert Nattanan , Yokthongwattana Chotika , Arpornsuwan Theerakul , Ratanapo Sunanta 
Published: June 2013

In this study, a type 1 RIP, designated as Jc‐SCRIP, was first isolated from the seed coat of Jatropha curcas Linn. It was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on DEAE‐Sephacel™ and CM‐cellulose columns. Purification fold of Jc‐SCRIP increased 113.8 times, and the yield was 1.13% of the total protein in the final step. It was shown to be a monomeric glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 38 938 Da, as determined by MALDI‐TOF/MS. It exhibited hemagglutination activity and possessed strong N‐glycosidase activity. The antimicrobial activity of Jc‐SCRIP was tested against nine human pathogenic bacteria and one fungus; the most potent inhibitory activity was against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, with minimum inhibitory concentration value of 0.20 μm. Jc‐SCRIP demonstrated in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF‐7), a colon adenocarcinoma (SW620), and a liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2), with IC50 values of 0.15, 0.25, and 0.40 mm, respectively. The results suggested that Jc‐SCRIP may be a potential natural antimicrobial and anticancer agent in medical applications.
Detection of macular ganglion cell loss in preperimetric glaucoma patients with localized retinal nerve fibre defects by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Na Jung Hwa , Lee Kyoungsub , Lee Jong Rak , Baek Seunghee , Yoo Sung Jun , Kook Michael S 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate and compare the utility of ganglion cell complex with peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer and optic nerve head measurements for detection of localized defects in patients with preperimetric glaucoma using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography.DesignProspective study.ParticipantsPreperimetric glaucoma patients.MethodsA total of 105 eyes with preperimetric glaucoma and 68 age‐ and refractive error‐matched control eyes were enrolled. The ability to detect localized retinal nerve fibre layer defects by RTVue‐100 spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) was assessed calculating the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves.Main Outcome MeasuresThe ability to detect localized retinal nerve fibre layer defects by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography.ResultsGlobal volume loss and superior ganglion cell complex thickness showed the largest area under receiver operating characteristic curve values (both areas under receiver operating characteristic curves 0.84, P < 0.001) among ganglion cell complex parameters. Average peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness afforded the best diagnostic capability (area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.89, P < 0.001), whereas among optic nerve head parameters, the horizontal cup:disc ratio yielded the highest area under receiver operating characteristic curve (0.85, P < 0.001). No statistical difference was evident between the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves of the most informative parameters when the data were gathered from the three different sites (ganglion cell complex, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer, and optic nerve head) (P > 0.02).ConclusionsGanglion cell complex thickness was significantly reduced in eyes with preperimetric glaucoma. Ganglion cell complex imaging using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography may be a useful ancillary modality for detection of early macular changes in glaucomatous eyes with localized retinal nerve fibre layer defects.
Factors related to peri‐implantitis – a retrospective study
Authors: Renvert Stefan , Aghazadeh Ahmad , Hallström Hadar , Persson Gösta Rutger 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesRetrospectively, we assessed the likelihood that peri‐implantitis was associated with a history of systemic disease, periodontitis, and smoking habits.MethodsData on probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and radiographic bone levels were obtained from individuals with dental implants. Peri‐implantitis was defined as described by Sanz & Chapple 2012. Control individuals had healthy conditions or peri‐implant mucositis. Information on past history of periodontitis, systemic diseases, and on smoking habits was obtained.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐two individuals had peri‐implantitis (mean age: 68.2 years, SD ± 8.7), and 98 individuals (mean age: 44.7 years, SD ± 15.9) had implant health/peri‐implant mucositis. The mean difference in bone level at implants between groups was 3.5 mm (SE mean ± 0.4, 95% CI: 2.8, 4.3, P < 0.001). A history of cardiovascular disease was found in 27.3% of individuals with peri‐implantitis and in 3.0% of individuals in the implant health/peri‐implant mucositis group. When adjusting for age, smoking, and gender, odds ratio (OR) of having peri‐implantitis and a history of cardiovascular disease was 8.7 (95% CI: 1.9, 40.3 P < 0.006), and odds ratio of having a history of periodontitis was 4.5 (95% CI 2.1, 9.7, P < 0.001). Smoking or gender did not significantly contribute to the outcome.ConclusionsIn relation to a diagnosis of peri‐implantitis, a high likelihood of comorbidity was expressed by a history of periodontitis and a history of cardiovascular disease.
Esthetic evaluation of single‐tooth implants in the anterior mandible
Authors: Hof Markus , Tepper Gabor , Koller Barbara , Krainhöfner Martin , Watzek Georg , Pommer Bernhard 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesSingle‐tooth replacement of anterior mandibular teeth is frequently complicated by insufficient bucco‐lingual bone width and limited mesio‐distal space available for implant placement. The aim of the present study was to assess implant esthetics in the partially edentulous anterior mandible.Material and methodsEsthetic evaluation of 43 anterior mandibular single‐tooth implants in 15 women and 28 men was performed using esthetic indices (PES = Pink Esthetic Score, PI = Papilla Index, SES = Subjective Esthetic Score) as well as subjective patients' Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ratings. Clinical and radiological parameters (implant and crown dimensions, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, plaque, keratinized mucosa, marginal bone level, and distance to adjacent teeth) were tested for influence.ResultsImplant esthetics were judged satisfactory (PES ≤10) in 42% of implants compared with a patient satisfaction rate of 87%. Correlation between objective indices (PES/PI: rs = 0.62, PES/SES: rs = −0.73, PI/SES: rs = −0.48) was highly significant (P ≤ 0.001); however, no association to subjective patients' ratings could be observed. Type of prosthetic restoration (single crown vs. tulip‐shaped double crowns), mesio‐distal crown width as well as anatomic crown length significantly affected esthetic scores. Patients' judgment, by contrast, could not be associated to any prognostic factor.ConclusionSubjective patient satisfaction with implant esthetics in the partially edentulous anterior mandible is high, however, remains hard to predict or objectively quantify.
The natural history of anal transition zone inflammation and possible relationship to pouchitis: a long‐term longitudinal study
Authors: Wasserman M. , Hyman N. , Iyer A. , Wilcox R. , Osler T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimReservoir ileitis (pouchitis) is the most common complication after pelvic pouch surgery for ulcerative colitis and the aetiology remains largely unknown. The anal transition zone (ATZ) contains the only remaining colonic epithelium after ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) and may provide important clues as to whether ulcerative colitis and pouchitis share a common pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the long‐term histological changes in the ATZ and their relationship to the incidence of pouchitis.MethodPatients with a double‐stapled IPAA for ulcerative colitis at an academic medical centre with at least 10 years of clinical and histological follow‐up were identified from a prospective database. Annual ATZ and pouch biopsies were taken and interpreted by two expert gastrointestinal pathologists. ATZ histological variability score, the incidence of pouchitis, and function were correlated over time. ATZ biopsies were scored from one to three based on the extent of inflammation.ResultsSixteen of the 114 patients having IPAA fulfilled the criteria for admission to the study. There were 179 biopsies of the ATZ. All exhibited variability in ATZ histology over time and 81% had a 2‐unit change in their inflammatory score. There was no correlation between pouchitis and histological severity score of the ATZ. Similarly, function over time did not vary with the intensity of ATZ inflammation.ConclusionATZ inflammation varies substantially over time in most patients. But these changes from year to year did not correlate with function or the occurrence of pouchitis.
Impact of aging brain circuits on cognition
Authors: Samson Rachel D. , Barnes Carol A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBrain networks that engage the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are central for enabling effective interactions with our environment. Some of the cognitive processes that these structures mediate, such as encoding and retrieving episodic experience, wayfinding, working memory and attention are known to be altered across the lifespan. As illustrated by examples given below, there is remarkable consistency across species in the pattern of age‐related neural and cognitive change observed in healthy humans and other animals. These include changes in cognitive operations that are known to be dependent on the hippocampus, as well as those requiring intact prefrontal cortical circuits. Certain cognitive constructs that reflect the function of these areas lend themselves to investigation across species, allowing brain mechanisms at different levels of analysis to be studied in greater depth.
BACE2 degradation mediated by the macroautophagy–lysosome pathway
Authors: Liu Xi , Wang Zhe , Wu Yili , Wang Jianping , Song Weihong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNeuritic plaque is the pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid‐β protein (Aβ), the central component of neuritic plaques, is generated from amyloid‐β precursor protein (APP) by β‐site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ‐secretase. β‐site APP cleaving enzyme 2 (BACE2), a homolog of BACE1, functions differently from BACE1 in APP processing. BACE1 is the β‐secretase essential for Aβ production, and BACE2, a θ‐secretase, cleaves APP within the Aβ domain, preventing Aβ production. Elucidation of the mechanism underlying BACE2 degradation is important for defining its biological features and its potential role in Alzheimer's disease drug development. In this report we first showed that the half‐life of BACE2 is approximately 20 h. Lysosomal inhibition increased BACE2 protein levels whereas proteasomal inhibition had no effect on BACE2 protein expression. Furthermore, we identified that macroautophagy mediated BACE2 degradation. Finally, we showed that lysosomal inhibition increased BACE2 cleavage of APP. Taken together, our in vitro study showed that BACE2 is degraded through the macrophagy–lysosome pathway and that lysosomal inhibition affects BACE2 processing of APP. Modulation of BACE2 degradation via the lysosomal pathway could be a new target for AD drug development.
Niche breadth predicts geographical range size: a general ecological pattern
Authors: Slatyer Rachel A. , Hirst Megan , Sexton Jason P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe range of resources that a species uses (i.e. its niche breadth) might determine the geographical area it can occupy, but consensus on whether a niche breadth–range size relationship generally exists among species has been slow to emerge. The validity of this hypothesis is a key question in ecology in that it proposes a mechanism for commonness and rarity, and if true, may help predict species' vulnerability to extinction. We identified 64 studies that measured niche breadth and range size, and we used a meta‐analytic approach to test for the presence of a niche breadth–range size relationship. We found a significant positive relationship between range size and environmental tolerance breadth (z = 0.49), habitat breadth (z = 0.45), and diet breadth (z = 0.28). The overall positive effect persisted even when incorporating sampling effects. Despite significant variability in the strength of the relationship among studies, the general positive relationship suggests that specialist species might be disproportionately vulnerable to habitat loss and climate change due to synergistic effects of a narrow niche and small range size. An understanding of the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that drive and cause deviations from this niche breadth–range size pattern is an important future research goal.
Retracted: Cav2.3 (R‐type) calcium channels are critical for mediating anticonvulsive and neuroprotective properties of lamotrigine in vivo
Authors: Dibué Maxine , Kamp Marcel A. , Alpdogan Serdar , Tevoufouet Etienne E. , Neiss Wolfram F. , Hescheler Jürgen , Schneider Toni 
Published: June 2013

SummaryPurposeLamotrigine (LTG) is a popular modern antiepileptic drug (AED); however, its mechanism of action has yet to be fully understood, as it is known to modulate many members of several ion channel families. In heterologous systems, LTG inhibits Cav2.3 (R‐type) calcium currents, which contribute to kainic‐acid (KA)–induced epilepsy in vivo. To gain insight into the role of R‐type currents in LTG drug action in vivo, we compared the effects of LTG to two other AEDs in Cav2.3‐deficient mice and controls on KA‐induced seizures.MethodsBehavioral seizure rating and quantitative electrocorticography were performed after injection of 20 mg/kg (and 30 mg/kg) KA. One hour before KA injection, mice were pretreated with 30 mg/kg LTG, 50 mg/kg topiramate (TPM), or 30 mg/kg lacosamide (LSM).Key FindingsAblation of Cav2.3 reduced total seizure scores by 28.6% (p = 0.0012), and pretreatment with LTG reduced seizure activity of control mice by 23.2% (p = 0.02). In Cav2.3‐deficient mice, LTG pretreatment increased seizure activity by 22.1% (p = 0.018) and increased the percentage of degenerated CA1 pyramidal neurons (p = 0.02). All three AEDs reduced seizure activity in control mice; however, only the non–calcium channel modulating AED, LSM, had an anticonvulsive effect in Cav2.3‐deficient mice. Furthermore, LTG altered electrocorticographic parameters differently in the two genotypes: decreasing relative power of ictal spikes in control mice but increasing relative power of high frequency fast ripple discharges during seizures in Cav2.3‐deficient mice.SignificanceThese findings provided the first in vivo evidence for an essential role for Cav2.3 in LTG pharmacology and shed light on a paradoxical effect of LTG in their absence. Furthermore, LTG appears to promote ictal activity in Cav2.3‐deficient mice by increasing high frequency components of seizures, resulting in increased neurotoxicity in the CA1. This paradoxical mechanism, possibly reflecting rebound hyperexcitation of pyramidal CA1 neurons after increased inhibition, may be key in understanding LTG‐induced seizure aggravation observed in clinical practice.
Infectious agents associated with diarrhoea in neonatal foals in central Kentucky: A comprehensive molecular study
Authors: Slovis N. M. , Elam J. , Estrada M. , Leutenegger C. M. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyDiarrhoea caused by infectious agents is common in foals but there is no comprehensive molecular work‐up of the relative prevalence of common agents and appearance of coinfections.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of 9 infectious agents in gastrointestinal (GI)‐diseased and healthy foals with ages ranging from 1 to 20 weeks of age and to what degree coinfections are associated with clinical signs of GI disease.Study designRetrospective controlled observational study.MethodsThe population consisted of 88 Thoroughbred foals aged 2 days to 17 weeks born on 32 different studfarms in Kentucky. Healthy (n = 37) and GI‐diseased (n = 51) foals were identified based on clinical presentation. Faecal samples were analysed for 9 infectious agents by real‐time PCR: equine rotavirus, equine coronavirus, Clostridium difficile toxins A & B, Neorickettsia risticii, Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin, Lawsonia intracellularis, Rhodococcus equi, Cryptosporidium spp., and Salmonella spp. Salmonella was also cultured from overnight selenite enrichment broth.ResultsThe prevalence of infectious pathogens under study was between 0% (Lawsonia intracellularis) and 34.6% (equine rotavirus). The overall prevalence for any infectious agent was 63.2% in the GI‐diseased group and 43.2% in the healthy group. Coinfections were significantly more frequent in the sick group (15 monoinfections vs. 22 coinfections) than in the healthy group (12 vs. 4, respectively, P = 0.0002). Six of the 8 infectious agents were associated with the GI‐diseased group, the other 2 were not (equine coronavirus and R. equi).ConclusionsThe use of panels rather than individual tests in combination with quantitative toxin gene analysis enables detection of coinfections significantly associated with risk of disease. Several infectious diseases previously not tested for or considered unimportant were found at high prevalence and require further investigation.
Relationship between structural characteristics and outcome quality indicators at health care facilities for the elderly requiring long‐term care in Japan from a nationwide survey
Authors: Sandoval Garrido Felipe Alfonso , Tamiya Nanako , Kashiwagi Masayo , Miyata Sumiko , Okochi Jiro , Moriyama Yoko , Yamaoka Yui , Takamuku Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2013

AimTo clarify the performance situation of selected quality indicators: falls, pressure ulcers and dehydration, at health care facilities for the elderly in Japan, and what structural characteristics are related to them.MethodsThe operational population consisted of 1057 institutionalized users (approximately 10 randomly selected per facility) from a survey answered by the care staff. The facilities were divided into two groups according to their prevalence of negative outcomes (falls, pressure ulcers, dehydration): the best 25% (the very good performers) and the remaining 75% (not so good performers). Logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between the structure characteristics of the facilities and their performance regarding each quality indicator.ResultsAfter controlling for sex, years of operation and average age of the users, our results showed a beneficial significant relationship between falls and the total number of nurses per 100 users with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 0.77 (95% CI 0.59–0.98); In contrast, for pressure ulcers, harmful associations between a higher number of registered nurses (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01–1.05) and the availability of 24‐h nurse staffing (AOR 4.95, 95% CI 1.19–24.91) were found; regarding dehydration, we did not find any related staffing characteristics.ConclusionNursing staff might be considered as a potentially related variable in the quality of care in health care facilities for the elderly. The present study is the first to show a relationship between structural characteristics and quality outcomes in health care facilities for the elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 14: 301–308.
CHILDREN OF THE REVOLUTION: FATHERS AND SONS IN ANTIFASCIST DEFA FILMS
Authors: Wölfel Ute 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe article looks at three antifascist films from the 1980s by the East German film company DEFA: Jürgen Brauer's Pugowitza (1981), Egon Schlegel's Die Schüsse der Arche Noah (1983), and Helmut Dziuba's Jan auf der Zille (1986), which during this final decade of the East German state re‐examine an ideologically seminal constellation of the GDR's official antifascism – the relationship between antifascist father and son. Linking generational and political succession, the father‐son relationship helped to legitimise the GDR as a state in which the young continued the antifascist fight of the old communists against the Nazi dictatorship. From the 1950s on, DEFA films contributed to the visualisation of this relationship, codifying it not only as heroic but also as ‘natural’: the assumed innocence of the communist son was meant to naturalise the father's antifascist/communist cause. The 1980s saw this naturalised political succession questioned. By re‐telling the canonised father‐son story, the three films visualise the generational antifascist contract as flawed. Re‐deploying the son's assumed innocence in a critique of the father, they explore new endings to the antifascist story and revive the discussion of categories like ‘victim’ and ‘perpetrator’.