bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low cloud diurnal cycle drives regional aerosol radiative warming
Authors: Chang Ian , Gao Lan , Adebiyi Adeyemi , Doherty Sarah , Painemal David , Smith William , Lenhardt Emily , Fakoya Abdulamid , Flynn Connor , Zheng Jianyu , Yang Zhifeng , Castellanos Patricia , Silva Arlindo Da , Zhang Zhibo , Wood Robert , Zuidema Paquita , Christopher Sundar , Redemann Jens 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Atmospheric aerosols are an important component of the Earth’s climate system, contributing substantial uncertainties in predicting future climate change. In the southeast Atlantic, where expansive light-absorbing smoke aerosol plumes overlie semi-permanent stratocumulus clouds, the direct aerosol radiative effect (DARE) introduces warming in the region but varies widely among climate models. Black carbon, a major component of light-absorbing aerosol, contributes to the largest climate warming after carbon dioxide. Moreover, the impact of the cloud diurnal cycle on DARE uncertainties remains unclear. Here, we quantify the first direct aerosol radiative effects using hourly satellite observations of clouds focusing on 20°S – 0°N/S and 15°W – 15°E. We find that accounting for the observed cloud diurnal cycle over the southeast Atlantic, rather than assuming a constant early-afternoon cloud field throughout the entire day, results in nearly twofold (about 1.4 Wm-2) increase in the regional mean aerosol radiative warming. This regional DARE increase mainly results from morning hours when cloud fractions and optical depths are higher. The neglect of the cloud diurnal cycle adds to the underestimated radiative warming in the southeast Atlantic associated with underestimated aerosol absorption among climate models. Future observationally-based estimates of aerosol climatic effects need to account for the cloud diurnal cycle.
Segmentation of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas: Introducing DRU-Net and Multi-Lens Distortion
Authors: Oskouei Soroush , Valla Marit , Pedersen André , Smistad Erik , Dale Vibeke Grotnes , Høibø Maren , Wahl Sissel Gyrid Freim , Haugum Mats Dehli , Langø Thomas , Ramnefjell Maria Paula , Akslen Lars Andreas , Kiss Gabriel , Sorger Hanne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Considering the increased workload in pathology laboratories today, automated tools such as artificial intelligence models can help pathologists with their tasks and ease the workload. In this paper, we are proposing a segmentation model (DRU-Net) that can provide a delineation of human non-small cell lung carcinomas and an augmentation method that can improve classification results. The proposed model is a fused combination of truncated pre-trained DenseNet201 and ResNet101V2 as a patch-wise classifier followed by a lightweight U-Net as a refinement model. We have used two datasets (Norwegian Lung Cancer Biobank and Haukeland University Hospital lung cancer cohort) to create our proposed model. The DRU-Net model achieves an average of 0.91 Dice similarity coefficient. The proposed spatial augmentation method (multi-lens distortion) improved the network performance by 3%. Our findings show that choosing image patches that specifically include regions of interest leads to better results for the patch-wise classifier compared to other sampling methods. The qualitative analysis showed that the DRU-Net model is generally successful in detecting the tumor. On the test set, some of the cases showed areas of false positive and false negative segmentation in the periphery, particularly in tumors with inflammatory and reactive changes.
Evolution of digital twins in precision health applications: a scoping review study
Authors: Bian Jiang , Huang Yu , Dai Hao , Xu Jie , Wei Ruoqi , Sun Leyang , Guo Yi , Guo Jingchuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

An increasing amount of research is incorporating the concept of Digital twin (DT) in biomedical and health care applications. This scoping review aims to summarize existing research and identify gaps in the development and use of DTs in the health care domain. The focus of this study lies on summarizing: the different types of DTs, the techniques employed in DT development, the DT applications in health care, and the data resources used for creating DTs. We identified fifty studies, which mainly focused on creating organ- (n=15) and patient-specific twins (n=30). The research predominantly centers on cardiology, endocrinology, orthopedics, and infectious diseases. Only a few studies used real-world datasets for developing their DTs. However, there remain unresolved questions and promising directions that require further exploration. This review provides valuable reference material and insights for researchers on DTs in health care and highlights gaps and unmet needs in this field.
A Quality Metric for Semantically Transmitted Images in Machine-to-Machine Communications
Authors: Gowrisetty Vishnu , Lokumarambage Maheshi , Samarathunga Prabath , Fernando Thanuj , Fernando Anil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Semantic communications focus on transmitting information that encapsulates meaning, enabling both machines and humans to understand the intended message with greater accuracy. Unlike traditional communication systems, which send data without considering its semantic value, this approach prioritises the content's meaning and requires a novel metric to gauge semantic quality. Our framework integrates a specialised Vision Transformer (ViT) for semantic segmentation, named SemExT, at the transmission end and a pre-trained Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for image reconstruction at the receiving end. The system's effectiveness is evaluated by comparing the semantic content of the reconstructed image with the original, using Deceptron2, an advanced object detection model. This comparison establishes a new metric for assessing the quality of semantic transmission. Empirical evidence shows that the semantic quality metric ranges from 90% to 100% for images containing fewer objects and 80% to 98% for those with more objects. In comparison, an autoencoder-based communication system exhibits a range of 80% to 100% for simpler images and 75% to 95% for more complex ones. These findings highlight the robustness of our proposed metric across different semantic communication frameworks, contributing to the advancement of semantic information transmission and setting a foundation for future research in this field.
Impact of cardiovascular health on biological aging: evidence from UK Biobank
Authors: Ye Mengmeng , Yang Shaopeng , Lao Hubert Yuenhei , Zhu Ziyu , Zhu Zhuoting , Tan Shaoying , Huang Wenyong , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aging represents a pivotal risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the Life’s Essential 8 (LE-8) score, encompassing physical activity, diet, nicotine exposure, sleep health, BMI, blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure, has been associated with age-related diseases. To elucidate the relationship between LE-8 scores and biological aging, a cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing the UK Biobank cohort. The LE-8 score, ranging from 0 to 100, adheres to the American Heart Association’s standards. Biological aging was evaluated using the frailty index, phenotypic age acceleration, retinal age gap, and brain age gap. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess correlations. Among the 233,031 participants (mean age 56.0 years, 50.7% female), 43,497 (18.7%) had a high LE-8 score, 177,950 (76.3%) had a moderate score, and 11,584 (5.0%) had a low score. The average measurements for biological aging markers were: ocular aging clock 0.30 ± 4.55 years, phenotypic age acceleration − 4.06 ± 5.24 years, frailty index 0.13 ± 0.07 years, and brain age gap 0.64 ± 3.59 years. After adjusting for potential confounders, the LE-8 score exhibited significant correlations with the ocular aging clock (moderate vs. low LE-8: β: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.02–0.48; high vs. low LE-8: β: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.20–1.16; P trend = 0.001), phenotypic age acceleration (moderate vs. low LE-8: β: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.22–0.33; high vs. low LE-8: β: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.35–1.58; P trend < 0.001), and frailty index (moderate vs. low LE-8: β: 0.01; 95% CI: 0.01–0.01; high vs. low LE-8: β: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.02–0.02; P trend < 0.001). Furthermore, nicotine exposure and blood glucose scores were correlated with all four biological aging metrics. Overall, the LE-8 score and its components were inversely associated with biological aging., suggesting that maintaining an optimal LE-8 score may attenuate the aging process.
On the Energy Transfer in Bi2WO6: ERedOx Assisted Radiative Recombination in O2 and ROS Sensing. Prospective
Authors: Nunez Oswaldo , Madriz Lorean , Vargas Ronald 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Photoluminescence maximum emission signal of colloids based on Bi2WO6 suspended in an aqueous solution is blue-shifted as compared to its band gap according to Eg + (ERedOx-ECB). This process involves the exergonic non-radiative transfer of ECB electron to ERedOx and the concomitant radiative emission of a second electron that has gained ERedOx-ECB energy presumably by electrons energy levels entanglement induced via simultaneous light excitement of multiple electrons. These results constitute evidence for energy transfer with application in sensing electrolyte-electron-acceptors as reactive oxygen species that may be implemented for example in cancer and aortic dissection detection and treatment.
Correlates of small screens play in 6-10 years old Chinese children
Authors: Chen Lijian , Liao Jinjin , Ye Sunyue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background With development of the electronic technology, the use of small or mobile devices has been widely popularized among children. The aim of this study was to explore the factors associated with small screen use and its duration among elementary school students.
Methods A total of 1121 Chinese students aged 6-10 years were recruited for this study. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of whether students use small screen devices and linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of students' small screen time.
Results Girls (OR=0.74, p=0.035), having their own small screen devices (OR=3.66, p<0.001), unclear screen rules (OR=1.45, p<0.001), father's education level (OR=0.49, p=0.033), and mother's weekend screen time (<1 h/d as the reference group) 1-2 h/d (OR=2.49, p=0.001), 2-3 h/d (OR=2.70, p=0.001), ≥3 h/d (OR=2.27, p=0.009) were significantly associated with students’ use on screens. For total time, girls spent more time on small screens compared to boys (β=58.88, p=0.043); having their own small screen devices (β=65.47, p=0.026), the less clear the family's screen time rules (β=60.55, p<0.001), and the longer mother's weekend screen time (β=142.61, p=0.027) were associated with longer total screen time for students. Having their own small devices (OR=2.08, p=0.026) and having less clear family ST rules (OR=1.61, p=0.004) were significantly associated with a total ST on small devices of ≥ 1 hour/day.
Conclusion Availability of their own small electronic devices, clarity of family screen rules, father's education levels, and mother's weekend screen time were significantly correlated with 6-10-year-old students' screen time on small devices in China.
Effect of Aging on the Flexural Strength of Lithium Disilicate and Advanced Lithium Disilicate CAD-CAM Ceramic Materials: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Alghafees Abdulaziz , Rayyan Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives. Flexural strength is a critical property of a dental ceramic material as it indicates its ability to withstand occlusal forces without breaking or cracking. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of thermomechanical fatigue loading on the flexural strength of lithium disilicate (LDS) and advanced lithium disilicate (ALDS) ceramic materials.
Materials and methods. 80 specimens of LDS (IPS e.max CAD) and ALDS (CEREC Tessera) were prepared measuring 12 mm in length, 3 mm in thickness, and 4 mm in width. The specimens of each material were divided into two subgroups: one group underwent simulated aging for 1,200,000 cycles in a mastication simulator, while the other group was not subjected to aging conditions. The flexural strength was measured using a 3-point bend test on a universal testing machine. Two-way ANOVA and Independent sample t test were used to evaluate the results assuming a level of significance at p < 0.05.
Results. Both material type and aging had significant effect on the flexural strength mean values (P < 0.001). Without aging, ALDS exhibited a significantly higher mean flexural strength (585.97 ± 29.09 MPa) compared to LDS glass ceramic (388.26 ± 34.33 MPa) (P < 0.001). After aging, the mean flexural strength of ALDS and LDS were 462.05 ± 14.71 MPa, and 310.14 ± 14.33 MPa respectively (P < 0.001).
Conclusion. The flexural strength of advanced lithium disilicate glass ceramic was higher than lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Aging affected negatively the flexural strength of both materials.
The effect of nurses' Machiavellian and deontic justice personality on the tendency to make medical errors and the other factors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Çelik Neşe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nurses' Machiavellian and deontic justice personality on the tendency to make medical errors. Additionally, conducted to investigate the other factors associated with nurses’ tendency to make medical errors
Methods
The study consisted of 345 nurses working in a university hospital, and data were collected using the Medical Error Tendency in Nursing Scale, the Machiavellian Personality Scale, and the Deontic Justice Scale.
Results
Machiavellian and deontic justice personality of nurses effect in low level their tendency to make medical errors (R = 0.284, p = 0.000). As the nurses’ Machiavellian tendencies increased, their propensity toward making medical errors also increased. The increase in Nurses' deontic justice reduced their tendency toward medical errors (p < 0.05). A significant difference was found between nurses’ mean tendency to medical errors scores and their age, working life/years, the number of night shifts, the daily number of patients provided with care, the status of working in the COVID-19 service, and the status of having received education on medical errors (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Nurses who have a Machiavellian tendency and poor deontic justice have a high tendency to make medical errors. This study demonstrated that nurses' personality traits can cause medical errors. Generations are changing in the world and personality are also changing. Therefore, including personal development in nursing education could be a positive approach for medical errors.
GEOTrat Points: Free resource in QGIS software for mapping the performance of agricultural experiments
Authors: Xavier Laura , Martins George , de Oliveira Guilherme , Carneiro Murillo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Agricultural experimentation requires careful selection of the experimental design and model for analyzing treatment data. However, even with rigorous experimental control, the discrepancies between treatments are so subtle that traditional statistical models fail to highlight statistically significant differences that occur in field practice. The incorporation of geotechnologies offers the ability to map agricultural variability, but a gap still exists in the availability of tools designed to map and evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural experiments. To overcome this limitation and promote the wider application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in agriculture, the scope of this study focuses on the development of a resource in QGIS software, aimed at evaluating agricultural experiments using a randomized block design with up to five treatments. The resource developed incorporates spatial interpolation techniques using geostatistical kriging, map generation, and statistics. The study used yield samples from six different crops to identify quantitative and spatial differences between two-treatment experiments in terms of yield gain. The results consisted of two surfaces representing the study area treated with each of the treatments (T1 and T2), as well as a surface reflecting the yield gain of the reference treatment in relation to the control treatment, accompanied by relevant descriptive statistics measures on this gain surface. The simulated cartographic representations of the treatments, as well as the maps illustrating the yield gain, revealed both numerical and spatial distinctions between the treatments, with an accuracy of up to 95.40%. The tool, called GEOTrat - Points, offers the flexibility to evaluate agricultural experiments of various designs, encompassing different crops and different quantities of samples, providing both numerical and spatial analysis. This tool is a relevant resource for agricultural experimentation, helping to select appropriate management practices and identify the most effective treatments.
Binocular Listing’s Law For Human Eyes' Misaligned Optical Components
Authors: Turski Jacek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Human eyes' optical components are misaligned. This study presents the geometric construction of ocular torsion in the binocular system, in which the eye model incorporates the fovea that is not located on and the lens that is tilted away from the eye's optical axis. The ocular torsion computation involves Euler's rotation theorem in the framework of Rodrigue's vector. When the eyes' binocular posture changes, each eye's torsional orientation transformations are visualized in GeoGebra's dynamic geometry environment. Listing's law, which originally restricts single-eye torsional positions and has imprecise binocular extensions, is formulated ab initio for binocular fixations using Euler's rotation theorem. It replaces Listing's plane and related perpendicular primary direction with the empirical horopter's abathic distance fixation, which has a straight frontal line configuration at this fixation. Notably, it corresponds to the eye muscles' natural tonus resting position, which serves as a zero-reference level for convergence effort, providing the missing neurophysiological significance of Listing's plane. Thus, Listing's law use in clinical diagnosis and management of strabismus should be updated.
Comparative Outcomes of Standard Laser Fistula Closure (FiLaC) versus FiLaC Combined with Advancement Flap in the Treatment of Complex Anal Fistulas
Authors: Uzun Hüseyin , Kara Yalçin Burak , Eser Mehmet , Kaptanoğlu Levent , Kement Metin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of patients treated for complex anal fistulas using standard laser fistula closure (FiLaC) versus FiLaC combined with an advancement flap (+FLAP).
Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on patients treated for complex anal fistulas between January 2022 and December 2023. Treatments included standard FiLaC and FiLaC combined with an advancement flap. Main outcome measures included operation duration, hospital stay, postoperative pain (VAS score), complications, and success rate
Results: A total of 47 patients were included in the study, with 25 in the standard FiLaC group and 22 in the +FLAP group. The +FLAP group had significantly longer operation times (29.7 ± 4.7 minutes vs. 18.7 ± 4.0 minutes, p < 0.001) and hospital stays (16.2 ± 5.04 hours vs. 3.9 ± 2.3 hours p < 0.001). Postoperative pain scores were similar between groups. The mean follow-up periods for the FILAC and +FLAP groups were 10.5±3.5 months and 8.4±4.0 months, respectively. The success rate was significantly higher in the +FLAP group (95.5% vs. 72%, p = 0.03).
Conclusion: Combining FiLaC with an advancement flap significantly improves primary success rates in the treatment of complex anal fistulas, despite longer operation and hospital stay times. This combined approach should be considered to enhance clinical outcomes for patients with complex anal fistulas.
Very Long Transient Oxidation of a Nickel-based Single Crystal Superalloy at 900°C and 850°C
Authors: Batiste Martin , Perez Thomas , Sanviemvongsak Tom , Desgranges Clara , Monceau Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The isothermal oxidation of Ni-base single-crystal superalloy AM1 was investigated for up to 3600 hours at 850°C and 900°C. The aim of the study was to test an existing model of oxidation kinetics that considers transitory oxide growth. The samples were characterized at various intervals to correlate the microstructure of the oxide scale with the oxidation kinetics. Transition alumina (θ) was observed among other transition oxides such as spinel, rutile, and chromia, which helped in understanding the nature and kinetics of the transitory stage. After a sufficiently long duration, all samples formed a continuous α-alumina layer at the metal/oxide interface. The previously published model, based on three kinetic parameters, was validated in the temperature range of 800°C to 1200°C. The duration of the transient regime characterized in this study at 850°C and 900°C was consistent with the kinetics model, with a slight increase in the value of the model parameter describing the lateral growth kinetics of α-alumina. This modification resulted in a slight reduction in the duration of the transient regime at low temperatures.
SLM-AIE: A Systematic Literature Map of Artificial Intelligence Ethics
Authors: Atlam Elsayed , Almaliki Malik , Alfahaid Abdullah , Gad Ibrahim , Elmarhomy Ghada , Alwateer Majed , Ahmed Ali 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved and is increasingly impacting various aspects of life. This rapiddevelopment and deployment of AI technologies have raised significant ethical concerns. Recently, an increasingamount of research has been conducted with the aim to guarantee that AI technologies are developed and employedin a responsible, fair, and an ethical manner, Considering the possible risks and challenges they pose. However, tothe best of our knowledge, no thorough overview and categorization of the different kinds of research achieved onthis subject has been provided yet, even with the growing interest in the subject. To try and bridge this gap, theauthors conducted a systematic mapping of the literature to gain a broad understanding about this subject over thepast seven years (2017-2023). This process resulted in the determination of 127 primary studies that satisfied thecriteria for including and excluding papers that are relevant to the context of our study. Subsequently, these studieswere classified in light of their research type, contribution type, and research focus. The findings revealed that mostof the studies examined in this research were centered around defining AI ethics and its impact on humanity fromdifferent angles such as fairness, transparency and accountability.The findings also show that research is lacking inareas such as empirical evidences on AI ethics and principles, solutions to enforce an ethical AI development andevaluation of ethical AI solutions. This study aims to assist practitioners and domain experts in identifying areas ofcurrent research gaps and prospective directions for future investigations.