bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in horses fed silibinin complexed with phospholipid
Authors: Hackett Eileen S. , Mama Khursheed R. , Twedt David C. , Gustafson Daniel L. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate antioxidant capacity and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in horses fed silibinin complexed with phospholipid.
Animals—5 healthy horses.
Procedures—Horses consumed increasing orally administered doses of silibinin phospholipid during 4 nonconsecutive weeks (0 mg/kg, 6.5 mg/kg, 13 mg/kg, and 26 mg/kg of body weight, twice daily for 7 days each week). Dose-related changes in plasma antioxidant capacity, peripheral blood cell glutathione concentration and antioxidant enzyme activities, and blood cytokine gene expression were evaluated.
Results—Plasma antioxidant capacity increased throughout the study period with increasing dose. Red blood cell nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase I activity decreased significantly with increasing doses of silibinin phospholipid. No significant differences were identified in glutathione peroxidase activity, reduced glutathione or oxidized glutathione concentrations, or expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1, or interleukin-2.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Minor alterations in antioxidant capacity of healthy horses that consumed silibinin phospholipid occurred and suggest that further study in horses with liver disease is indicated.
Effects of dietary vitamin A content on antibody responses of feedlot calves inoculated intramuscularly with an inactivated bovine coronavirus vaccine
Authors: Jee Junbae , Hoet Armando E. , Azevedo Marli P. , Vlasova Anastasia N. , Loerch Steve C. , Pickworth Carrie L. , Hanson Juliette , Saif Linda J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Objective—To investigate effects of low dietary vitamin A content on antibody responses in feedlot calves inoculated with an inactivated bovine coronavirus (BCoV) vaccine.
Animals—40 feedlot calves.
Procedures—Calves were fed diets containing high (3,300 U/kg) or low (1,100 U/kg) amounts of vitamin A beginning on the day of arrival at a feedlot (day 0) and continuing daily until the end of the study (day 140). Serum retinol concentrations were evaluated in blood samples obtained throughout the study. Calves were inoculated IM with an inactivated BCoV vaccine on days 112 and 126. Blood samples obtained on days 112 and 140 were used for assessment of BCoV-specific serum IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and IgA titers via an ELISA.
Results—The low vitamin A diet reduced serum retinol concentrations between days 112 and 140. After the BCoV inoculation and booster injections, predominantly serum IgG1 antibodies were induced in calves fed the high vitamin A diet; however, IgG1 titers were compromised at day 140 in calves fed the low vitamin A diet. Other isotype antibodies specific for BCoV were not affected by the low vitamin A diet.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dietary vitamin A restriction increases marbling in feedlot cattle; however, its effect on antibody responses to vaccines is unknown. A low vitamin A diet compromised the serum IgG1 responses against inactivated BCoV vaccine, which suggested suppressed T-helper 2-associated antibody (IgG1) responses. Thus, low vitamin A diets may compromise the effectiveness of viral vaccines and render calves more susceptible to infectious disease.
Prediction of ortho substituent effect in alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl esters of substituted benzoic acids in aqueous acetonitrile
Authors: Nummert Vilve , Piirsalu Mare , Koppel Ilmar 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The second-order rate constants k for the alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl esters of meta-, para- and ortho-substituted benzoic acids, X-C6H4CO2C6H5, in aqueous 50.9% acetonitrile have been measured spectrophotometrically at 25°C. The log k values for meta and para derivatives correlated well with the Hammett σm,p substituent constants. The log k values for ortho-substituted phenyl benzoates showed good correlations with the Charton equation, containing the inductive, σI, resonance, σ○
R, and steric, E
s
B, and Charton υ substituent constants. For ortho derivatives the predicted (log k
X)calc values were calculated with equation (log k
ortho)calc = (log k
H
AN)exp + 0.059 + 2.19σI + 0.304σ○
R + 2.79E
s
B − 0.0164ΔEσI — 0.0854ΔEσ○
R, where DE is the solvent electrophilicity, ΔE = E
AN — E
H20 = −5.84 for aqueous 50.9% acetonitrile. The predicted (log k
X)calc values for phenyl ortho-, meta- and para-substituted benzoates in aqueous 50.9% acetonitrile at 25°C precisely coincided with the experimental log k values determined in the present work.
The substituent effects from the benzoyl moiety and aryl moiety were compared by correlating the log k values for the alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl esters of substituted benzoic acids, X-C6H4CO2C6H5, in various media with the corresponding log k values for substituted phenyl benzoates, C6H5CO2C6H4-X.
Chemometric estimation of the RP TLC retention behaviour of some estrane derivatives by using multivariate regression methods
Authors: Kovačević Strahinja , Jevrić Lidija , Podunavac Kuzmanović Sanja , Lončar Eva 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) was developed for a series of estrane derivatives, on the basis of their retention data, obtained in reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography (RP TLC), and in silico molecular descriptors. Physicochemical and topological descriptors, as well as molecular bulkiness descriptors, were calculated from the optimized molecular structures. Full geometry optimization was achieved by using Austin Model 1 (AM1) semi-empirical molecular orbital method. In the present study, QSRR analysis was based on principal component analysis (PCA), multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares (PLS) method. PCA was applied in order to reveal similarities or dissimilarities between analytes, and MLR and PLS regression methods were carried out in order to identify the most important in silico molecular descriptors and quantify their influence on the retention behaviour of studied compounds. Physically meaningful and statistically significant structure-retention relationships were established.
Shape memory polyurethanes based on recycled polyvinyl butyral. I. Synthesis and morphology
Authors: Tsonev Tsvetomir , Herzog Michael , Nenkova Sanchi 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) were synthesized by 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), hexane-1,6-diol (HD), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and recycled polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transformation infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy was used to characterize the poly (vinylbutyral-urethanes). Micro-phase domain separation of hard and soft segments and phase inversion were investigated. Increasing the hard segment content, i.e., average hard segment molecular weight, leads to an increase in the degree of micro-phase separation, hard domain order and crystallinity. The crystalline hard segment structures combined with the elastic nature of soft segment matrix provide enough physical and chemical crosslinks to have shape memory effect.
Assessment of elemental contamination in the bottom sediments from a dam reservoir using a sequential extraction technique and chemometric analysis
Authors: Dabioch Marzena , Kita Andrzej , Zerzucha Piotr , Pytlakowska Katarzyna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The concentration of elements in sediments is an important aspect of the quality of water ecosystems. The element concentrations in bottom sediments from Goczalkowice Reservoir, Poland, were investigated to determine the levels, accumulation and distribution of elements; to understand the contamination and potential toxicity of elements; and to trace the possible source of pollution. Sediments were collected from 8 sampling points. The functional speciation, mobility and bioavailability of elements were evaluated by means of modified Tessier sequential extraction. The element contents were measured by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. The experimental results were analyzed using chemometric methods such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis to elucidate the metal distributions, correlations and associations. The highest concentrations of most elements were found at the center of the reservoir. The distribution of metals in the individual fractions was varied. To assess the extent of anthropogenic impact indices, contamination factor, degree of contamination, metal pollution index and risk assessment code were applied. The calculated factors showed the highest contamination factor and the ability of chromium to be released from sediments. The degree of contamination showed that the area is characterized by a very high contamination. Strontium and manganese showed high potential ecological risk for sediments.
Synthesis, characterization and bioevaluation of irinotecan-collagen hybrid materials for biomedical applications as drug delivery systems in tumoral treatments
Authors: Voicu Georgeta , Geanaliu Ruxandra , Ghiţulică Cristina , Ficai Anton , Grumezescu Alexandru , Bleotu Coralia 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The purpose of the present study is the preparation and characterization of collagen/antitumor drug hybrids as drug delivery systems. Materials used for obtaining collagen-based drug delivery systems were collagen type I (Coll) as matrix and irinotecan (I) as hydrophilic active substances. After incorporation of I into Coll in differing ratios, the obtained hybrid materials (Coll/I) could be used according to our results as potential drug delivery systems in medicine for the topical (local) treatment of cancerous tissues or bone. The released amount of I varies with amount of Coll from hybrid materials: the higher, the slower the release amount of irinotecan transferred is in the first 6 hours. The in vitro citotoxicity demonstrates an antitumoral activity of the obtained hybrid materials and their potential use for biomedical applications as drug delivery systems in tumoral treatments.
The Learners' Perceptions Survey—Primary Care: Assessing Resident Perceptions of Internal Medicine Continuity Clinics and Patient-Centered Care
Authors: Byrne John M. , Chang Barbara K. , Gilman Stuart C. , Keitz Sheri A. , Kaminetzky Catherine P. , Aron David C. , Baz Sam , Cannon Grant W. , Zeiss Robert A. , Holland Gloria J. , Kashner T. Michael 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
In 2010, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) implemented a national patient-centered care initiative that organized primary care into interdisciplinary teams of health care professionals to provide patient-centered, continuous, and coordinated care.

Objective
We assessed the discriminate validity of the Learners' Perceptions Survey—Primary Care (LPS-PC), a tool designed to measure residents' perceptions about their primary and patient-centered care experiences.

Methods
Between October 2010 and June 2011, the LPS-PC was administered to Loma Linda University Medical Center internal medicine residents assigned to continuity clinics at the VA Loma Linda Healthcare System (VALLHCS), a university setting, or the county hospital. Adjusted differences in satisfaction ratings across settings and over domains (patient- and family-centered care, faculty and preceptors, learning, clinical, work and physical environments, and personal experience) were computed using a generalized linear model.

Results
Our response rate was 86% (77 of 90). Residents were more satisfied with patient- and family-centered care at the VALLHCS than at either the university or county (P &lt; .001). However, faculty and preceptors (odds ratio [OR]  =  1.53), physical (OR  =  1.29), and learning (OR  =  1.28) environments had more impact on overall resident satisfaction than patient- and family-centered care (OR  =  1.08).

Conclusions
The LPS-PC demonstrated discriminate validity to assess residents' perceptions of their patient-centered clinical training experience across outpatient primary care settings at an internal medicine residency program. The largest difference in scores was the patient- and family-centered care domain, in which residents rated the VALLHCS much higher than the university or county sites.
Dementia: An Evidence-Based Review of Common Presentations and Family-Based Interventions
Authors: Buffington Angela L.H. , Lipski Dorothy M. , Westfall Erin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The number of US older adults with dementia is expected to grow over the next several decades. For instance, the number of persons with Alzheimer disease is predicted to increase by 50% by 2030. Physicians commonly come into contact with patients who have dementia and, as such, need to understand its varied presentation. In the current review, the most common types of dementia, including Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, dementia due to vascular disease, and several others, are described. Characteristics and etiologic findings of cortical and subcortical dementias are differentiated, and cognitive profiles and symptoms of specific types of dementia are reviewed. An osteopathic approach to care, focusing on establishing a relationship with patients and their families, is also discussed.
Medicare Reform and Primary Care Concerns for Future Physicians
Authors: Mitchell Charles H. , Spinelli Robert J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe widening income gap between specialists and primary care physicians (PCPs) has spurred many physician associations to reform the current Resource-Based Relative Value Scale fee schedule and sustainable growth rate expenditure target system. Hoping to better represent primary care, the American Association of Family Physicians formed a task force in 2011 to suggest supplements to the Relative Value Update Committee's procedural code recommendations to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. In addition, the predicted shortage of PCPs has caused many medical schools to increase class sizes; the scarcity of PCPs has also spurred the founding of new medical schools. Such measures, however, have not been met with more residency program sites or graduate medical education funding. The present article highlights major Medicare reform strategies and explores several issues affecting the field of primary care, including reimbursement, representation, and residency training.
Estimation of the ecosystem carbon budget in South Korea between 1999 and 2008
Authors: Yoo Seongjin , Kwak Doo‐Ahn , Cui Guishan , Lee Woo‐Kyun , Kwak Hanbin , Ito Akihiko , Son Yowhan , Jeon Seongwoo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA carbon flux model, the vegetation integrated simulator for trace gases, was employed to estimate the carbon budgets of vegetation ecosystems in South Korea. The geographic information system was used to prepare the input variables for the model, such as climate, soil, and land‐cover data, from reliable national inventories. Model simulation results indicated that the annual average gross primary production, net primary production, and soil respiration (SR) for 10 years were 91.89, 40.16, and 62.91 Tg C year−1, respectively. The model also estimated a net ecosystem production with a value of 3.51 Tg C year−1 between 1999 and 2008. Such results indicate that the vegetation ecosystems of South Korea offset 3.3 % of anthropogenic emissions as a net carbon sink. Latitudinal and topographical gradients over the total simulation area were found for all estimates. In addition, the estimates varied between seasons and years, especially in estimates for biomass growth and carbon uptake, because of variations in the weather conditions. Finally, model validation was conducted using measured soil efflux and flux measurement data from the Gwangneung experimental forest (GEF). The estimated SR accounted for 81.6 % of the observed SR at the GEF site (P < 0.005). Further, the model accounted well for the observed phase and amplitude of changes in the summer and autumn seasons.
Coupling Device and Distal Femoral Replacement for Periprosthetic Supracondylar Femur Fractures with an Ipsilateral Total Knee and Hip Replacement
Authors: Grosso Matthew J. , Lipman Joseph , Bostrom Mathias P. 
Published: September 2013

Background Periprosthetic supracondylar fractures in the setting of an ipsilateral total knee and hip replacement are a rare but serious orthopedic challenge. Description of Technique In this unique situation, we consider insertion of a custom coupling device with a distal femoral replacement as an appropriate surgical solution that allows for stability and preserves hip and knee functionality, while not relying on the poor healing potential of the remaining intercalary femoral bone. Patients and Methods We report the outcomes of two patients who underwent this custom coupling procedure. Results These custom devices resulted in successful outcomes with restoration of ambulatory function and range of motion at greater than 14 months follow-up. Conclusions We found that this technique provides sufficient stability and preserves functionality in a difficult-to-treat patient population. The results indicate that this technique may be considered as an alternative to more invasive procedures including total femoral replacement and complete femoral allograft constructs.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Kenya: an immunophenotypic and clinicopathologic study
Authors: Mulwa-Babu E. , Paresh D. , Riyat M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Objective
To define cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) by immunophenotypic criteria and describe the associated clinical features in patients diagnosed at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi.

Background
Rising to the growing cancer challenge will require improved diagnostic services. CLL is common in elderly patients. The current international standard in diagnosis incorporates findings of immunophenotyping. Facilities for immunophenotyping have generally been unavailable in Kenya.

Method
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August 2011 and April 2012. Potential cases were identified based on morphologic criteria. Consecutive samples were obtained and subjected to 3 colour immunophenotyping on a Cytomics FC 500 cytometer. CLL was defined using the Royal Marsden Hospital scoring system. Baseline clinical and diagnostic data were also obtained.

Results
Forty nine cases met the eligibility criteria. Thirty one were known CLL cases, and 18 were newly diagnosed. Median age at diagnosis was 62 years. Male:female ratio was 1.3:1. Black patients (42/49) were more likely to present with high risk disease (Rai stages III-IV) and with higher lymphocyte counts than non-blacks at diagnosis. Twenty six point five percent of patients in this study were diagnosed in Rai stage 0. The prevalence of CD5/CD23 co-expression was found to be 95.9%. CD5 was universally expressed, whereas CD23 was present in all but 2 cases. Both were associated with atypical morphology. Complete absence of light chain expression using a monoclonal antibody was found in 12.2% of cases. Five patients had their diagnosis revised. Of 31 patients on follow-up for CLL, only 5 had had any form of immunophenotyping done.
Forced‐Air Warming Devices and the Risk of Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Kellam Melissa D. , Dieckmann Loraine S. , Austin Paul N. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe potential that forced‐air warming systems may increase the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) by acting as a vector or causing unwanted airflow disturbances is a concern to health care providers. To investigate this potential, we examined the literature to determine whether forced‐air warming devices increase the risk of SSIs in patients undergoing general, vascular, or orthopedic surgical procedures. We examined 192 evidence sources, 15 of which met our inclusion criteria. Most sources we found indirectly addressed the issue of forced‐air warming and only three studies followed patients who were warmed intraoperatively with forced‐air warming devices to determine whether there was an increased incidence of SSIs. All of the sources we examined contained methodological concerns, and the evidence did not conclusively suggest that the use of forced‐air warming systems increases the risk of SSIs. Given the efficacy of these devices in preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia, practitioners should continue to use and clean forced‐air warming systems according to the manufacturer's instructions until well‐conducted, large‐scale trials can further examine the issue.
Successes and challenges of establishing a cervical cancer screening and treatment program in western Kenya
Authors: Khozaim Kareem , Orang'o Elkanah , Christoffersen‐Deb Astrid , Itsura Peter , Oguda John , Muliro Hellen , Ndiema Jackline , Mwangi Grace , Strother Matthew , Cu‐Uvin Susan , Rosen Barry , Washington Sierra 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the challenges and successes of integrating a public‐sector cervical screening program into a large HIV care system in western Kenya.MethodsThe present study was a programmatic description and a retrospective chart review of data collected from a cervical screening program based on visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) between June 2009 and October 2011.ResultsIn total, 6787 women were screened: 1331 (19.6%) were VIA‐positive, of whom 949 (71.3%) had HIV. Overall, 206 women underwent cryotherapy, 754 colposcopy, 143 loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP), and 27 hysterectomy. Among the colposcopy‐guided biopsies, 27.9% had severe dysplasia and 10.9% had invasive cancer. There were 68 cases of cancer, equating to approximately 414 per 100 000 women per year. Despite aggressive strategies, the overall loss to follow‐up was 31.5%: 27.9% were lost after a positive VIA screen, 49.3% between biopsy and LEEP, and 59.6% between biopsy and hysterectomy/chemotherapy.ConclusionThe established infrastructure of an HIV treatment program was successfully used to build capacity for cervical screening in a low‐resource setting. By using task‐shifting and evidence‐based, low‐cost approaches, population‐based cervical screening in a rural African clinical network was found to feasible; however, loss to follow‐up and poor pathology infrastructure remain important obstacles.
Patient‐reported outcome of solifenacin treatment among women experiencing urinary urgency and urgency incontinence
Authors: But Igor , Orešković Slavko , Bratuš Dejan , Šprem‐Goldštajn Marina , Hlebič Gregor 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate treatment success and tolerability of solifenacin among women with urinary urgency (UU) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI).MethodsIn a prospective, observational, multicenter pilot study in Slovenia and Croatia, 100 women with UU and UUI were enrolled between January 2011 and July 2011. Patients received 5 mg of solifenacin once daily for 12 weeks and completed a 3‐day bladder diary, urgency questionnaire, Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI), and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ).ResultsOverall, 91 women completed 12 weeks of treatment. Severity, frequency, and bother of UU significantly had decreased at weeks 4 and 12 (P < 0.001). Improvement in UU led to an improvement in mean IIQ score: a reduction in UU frequency had the greatest impact (P = 0.006). The mean treatment success rate was 74.2% (by visual analog score) and was closely related to the mean change in irritative UDI score (r = 0.39; P < 0.001). Treatment success was greatest for patient perception of intensity of urgency scale (PPIUS; P = 0.003), UU bother (P = 0.017), and micturition frequency (P < 0.026). Dry mouth occurred in 35.2% of women at 4 weeks, and 27.7% at week 12.ConclusionSolifenacin treatment was effective and well‐tolerated among women with UU and UUI. All overactive bladder symptoms had improved by week 12.