bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Unified Synthetic Strategy for Dendrodolides E, F, G, I, J, and L
Authors: Mohapatra Debendra K. , Reddy D. Prabhakar , Gajula Srinivas , Pulluri Karthik , Yadav J. S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA unified synthetic strategy has been developed for the total synthesis of the dendrodolide family, employing Jørgensen asymmetric epoxidation, Keck allylation, Brown allylation, Yamaguchi esterification, and ring‐closing metathesis as key reactions.
A Maximum Principle via Malliavin calculus for combined stochastic control and impulse control of forward‐backward systems
Authors: Wang Yan , Song Aimin , Feng Enmin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe consider a combined stochastic control and impulse control problem of forward‐backward systems driven by Lévy processes, where both the system coefficients and the objective performance functional are allowed to be random, non‐Markovian; the information available to the controller is partial information. Applying a Malliavin calculus approach, we derive a maximum principle for this control problem, where the adjoint processes are explicitly represented by the parameters and the states of the system. Finally, we give two examples of applications. © 2015 Chinese Automatic Control Society and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
A Saturating Extension of an Output Feedback Controller for Internally Damped Euler‐Lagrange Systems
Authors: Shojaei Khoshnam , Chatraei Abbas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this research, a novel extension of the passivity‐based output feedback trajectory tracking controller is developed for internally damped Euler‐Lagrange systems with input saturation. Compared with the previous output feedback controllers, this new design of a combined adaptive controller‐observer system will reduce the risk of actuator saturation effectively via generalized saturation functions. Semi‐global uniform ultimate boundedness stability of the tracking errors and state estimation errors is guaranteed by Lyapunov stability analysis. An application of the proposed saturated output feedback controller is the stabilization of a nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot with saturated actuators towards desired trajectories. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed controller in dealing with the actuator saturation.
Towards more behaviours in crowd simulation
Authors: Lemercier Samuel , Auberlet Jean‐Michel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhile collision avoidance has been the most active topic in pedestrian simulation, the modelling of other kinds of behaviours appears to be essential for better realism. Thus higher cognitive levels of perception and behaviour improve simulation quality. Furthermore, giving an agent the possibility to choose the nature of its interactions with the others can not only improve simulation realism but also bring heterogeneity in the simulated population because each agent individually perceives the situation according to its own characteristics. In this paper, we aim at providing the pedestrian agent the ability to obtain an individual representation of the environment that allows him to adapt its behaviour according to the situation. We base our work on the analysis and interpretation of the environment, which makes the agent decide the behaviour it is going to adopt. We focus on two kinds of behaviours, following and group avoidance behaviours, and on their integration in classical avoidance simulations. We integrate recent works about following behaviour and propose to model interactions directly with groups of people instead of individuals. We aim at providing perception rules totally independent from the collision avoidance model used in the simulation. Because of the improved perception process, we observe emerging speed waves, group behaviours and lane formation in our simulations. Our results demonstrate the interest of modelling such behaviours to obtain more realistic simulations and show that specific patterns and collective behaviours emerge when using several types of behaviours in simulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
STEC:O111‐HUS complicated by acute encephalopathy in a young girl was successfully treated with a set of hemodiafiltration, steroid pulse, and soluble thrombomodulin under plasma exchange
Authors: Yada Noritaka , Fujioka Masayuki , Bennett Charles L. , Inoki Kazuya , Miki Toyokazu , Watanabe Akihiko , Yoshida Toshiko , Hayakawa Masaki , Matsumoto Masanori , Fujimura Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2015

Key Clinical MessageWe report a 14‐year‐old girl, who developed shigatoxin‐producing E. coli (STEC)‐HUS complicated by encephalopathy. She was successfully treated with hemodiafiltration, high‐dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy, and soluble recombinant thrombomodulin under plasma exchange. von Willebrand factor multimers analysis provides potential insights into how the administered therapies might facilitate successful treatment of STEC‐HUS.
Protein S deficiency present in a pregnant woman with dyspnea, abdominal pains, restlessness, agitation and hypofibrinogenemia
Authors: Umazume Takeshi , Morikawa Mamoru , Yamada Takahiro , Akaishi Rina , Koyama Takahiro , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: February 2015

Key Clinical MessageHypofibrinogenemia is rare in pulmonary thromboembolism. A pregnant woman with dyspnea, abdominal pain, restlessness, agitation and protein S deficiency exhibited normal blood oxygenation and high D‐dimer (370 μg/mL) and undetectable fibrinogen levels in the blood. The pathogenesis responsible for present findings may have some features similar to amniotic fluid embolism.
Experimentelle Untersuchung des konvektiven Wärmeübergangs und Druckverlustes in einphasig durchströmten Thermoblechen
Authors: Tran Julian M. , Piper Mark , Kenig Eugeny Y. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThermoblech‐Wärmeübertrager stellen einen neuen und vielversprechenden Wärmeübertrager‐Typ dar. Der innenseitige Wärmeübergang und Druckverlust sind zentrale Aspekte, die bei der Auslegung der Thermobleche berücksichtigt werden müssen. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Bauformen, die bereits detailliert in der Literatur beschrieben wurden, sind die Eigenschaften von Thermoblechen weitgehend unbekannt. Deshalb wurde in dieser Arbeit eine experimentelle Studie zum innenseitigen Wärmeübergang und Druckverlust durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse verbessern das Verständnis für die thermohydraulischen Eigenschaften von Thermoblechen.
Client and Therapist Attachment Styles and Working Alliance
Authors: Bucci Sandra , Seymour‐Hyde Annily , Harris Alison , Berry Katherine 
Published: February 2015

Working alliance has been shown to be important in influencing the outcome of therapy. Research evidence suggests that characteristics of both clients and therapists impact on the development of the working alliance. Although attachment theory is well researched, there is relatively limited research on the relationship between both therapist and client attachment style and the working alliance; traditionally, research has placed greater emphasis on client characteristics. The current study examines the extent to which both client and therapist self‐reported attachment styles are related to the working alliance. Thirty clients and 42 therapists were recruited from primary care psychology services. Thirty client–therapist dyads were examined. Participants completed self‐report measures of anxiety and depression, attachment style and working alliance at a single time point. Client and therapist attachment security were not independently related to working alliance. However, there was a significant association between therapist insecure attachment and alliance in more symptomatic clients. There was also some evidence that therapists and clients with oppositional attachment styles reported more favourable alliances. The study suggests that the relationship between therapist attachment style and alliance is not straightforward. It is likely that the complexity of clients' presenting problems, coupled with interaction between client–therapist attachment styles, influences the therapeutic alliance.Key Practitioner Message

Therapist insecure attachment may negatively affect the therapeutic alliance in more symptomatic clients.
It is important to consider the interaction between client and therapist attachment and how these interactions influence the therapeutic alliance.
Therapists should be aware of their own personal attachment style and reflect on how this might manifest during the therapeutic process.
The ecological role of small rainfall events in a desert grassland
Authors: Petrie M. D. , Collins S. L. , Litvak M. E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe frequency, magnitude and intensity of precipitation events are known to influence dryland ecosystems; yet, the majority of these rain events are small (<5 mm), and their role in driving biotic and abiotic processes remains unclear. To explore the effects of small rain events that occur between larger events on ecosystem processes, we experimentally manipulated small rainfall events in a mixed Bouteloua eriopoda and Bouteloua gracilis desert grassland. We experimentally removed all events <3.8 mm from treatment plots during a dry monsoon (2012), and to assess potential legacy effects, we added a similar magnitude of small rainfall events in 3.8‐mm increments to the same treatment plots during a subsequent wet monsoon (2013). No difference in aboveground productivity occurred between ambient and treatment plots when small events were eliminated in 2012. However, soil moisture, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen and extracellular enzyme activity for phosphate mobilization were all lower in treatment relative to ambient plots. In 2013, treatment plots that received supplemental small events had lower aboveground productivity, soil moisture and soil N availability than ambient plots. We hypothesize that legacy effects from the removal of small events in 2012 limited the ability of these plots to respond to higher, supplemented rainfall in 2013. Therefore, a reduction in small precipitation events – which may be caused by changing rainfall properties or increasing rates of evaporation in a warming climate – may intensify some deleterious effects of dry monsoons, and inhibit grassland recovery in subsequent years with higher rainfall. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐Time Label‐Free Monitoring of Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 Biofilm Formation on Electrode During Bacterial Electrogenesis Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Wenjia , Wu Hongkai , Hsing I‐Ming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFormation of biofilm on an electrode surface is usually a prerequisite for efficient electron transfer from electrogenic bacteria onto electrode, and the geometric status of the biofilm governs the generated current. In this study, we propose a real‐time characterization method to track the dynamic formation process of biofilm on electrode using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 was chosen in this work as an electrogenic model species. A plane electrode at the bottom of a electrochemical cell filled with bacteria suspension was biased at +0.04 V vs. Ag/AgCl as the sole electron acceptor under anaerobic environment, while a movable ultramicroelectrode (UME) was employed to track the localized faradaic current generated by a redox mediator, Ru(NH3)6Cl3 above the bottom electrode. The growth rate of biofilm showed some spatial heterogeneity, which might be explained by inhomogeneous mass transfer and non‐uniformity of electrode surface. The application of SECM into bacterial electrogenesis studies offered a simple and label‐free monitoring method to evaluate the bacteria‐electrode coupling status.
Impact of an inpatient geriatric consultative service on outcomes for cognitively impaired patients
Authors: Nazir Arif , Khan Babar , Counsell Steven , Henderson Macey , Gao Sujuan , Boustani Malaz 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDImpact of geriatric consultative services (GCS) on hospital readmission and mortality outcomes for cognitively impaired (CI) patients is not known.OBJECTIVEEvaluate impact of GCS on hospital readmission and mortality among CI inpatients.DESIGNSecondary data analysis of a prospective trial of a computerized decision support system between July 1, 2006 and May 30, 2008.SETTINGStudy conducted at Eskenazi hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, a 340‐bed, public hospital with over 2300 yearly admissions of patients ages 65 years or older.PATIENTSThere were 415 inpatients aged 65 years and older with CI enrolled from July 2006 to March 2008.MEASUREMENTSThirty‐day and 1‐year mortality and hospital readmission following the index admission. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the association between receiving GCS, readmission, or mortality while adjusting for demographics, discharge destination, delirium, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and prior hospitalizations. The propensity score method was used to adjust for the nonrandom assignment of GCS.RESULTSPatients receiving GCS were older (79 years old, 8.1 standard deviation [SD] vs 76 years old, 7.8 SD; P < 0.001) with higher incidence of delirium (49% vs 29%; P < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the groups for hospital readmission (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.19; 95% confidence interval = 0.89‐1.59) and mortality at 12 months of index admission (HR = 0.91; 95% confidence interval = 0.59‐1.40). However, a significant increase in readmissions was observed for the GCS group (HR = 1.75; 95% confidence interval = 1.06‐2.88) at 30 days postdischarge.CONCLUSIONOne‐year postdischarge outcomes of CI patients who received GCS were not different from patients who did not receive the service. New models of care are needed to improve postdischarge readmission and mortality among hospitalized patients with CI. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:275–280. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Safety of gadoxetate disodium: Results from the clinical phase II–III development program and postmarketing surveillance
Authors: Endrikat Jan S. , Dohanish Susan , Balzer Thomas , Breuer Josy A.M. 
Published: February 2015

PurposeTo summarize the safety data of gadoxetate disodium, reported in 12 Phase II and III clinical development studies and in the postmarketing surveillance database.Materials and MethodsPatients with liver lesions received gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Adverse events (AEs) were recorded and evaluated with regard to a potential drug relationship. Subgroup analyses were run on patients with special medical history. Worldwide spontaneous AEs and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from postmarketing safety surveillance were analyzed.ResultsA total of 1989 patients were included in the clinical development program. A total of 1581/1989 (79.5%) patients received the finally approved dose of 0.025 mmol/kg body weight. 10.1% of patients reported AEs, 4.1% were classified as related AEs. Nausea and headache were the most frequently reported related AEs, with 1.1% each. Age, history of contrast media allergy, liver cirrhosis, or impaired liver or renal function did not significantly impact the frequency and type of AEs. The postmarketing safety surveillance database encompassed more than 2.2 million patients. Nausea was the most frequent ADR, with a reporting rate of 0.00652%; all other symptoms were below 0.004%.ConclusionGadoxetate disodium for liver MRI has an excellent safety profile. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:634–643.
Changes in polyphenol compounds and barley laccase expression during the malting process
Authors: Tomková‐Drábková Lenka , Psota Vratislav , Sachambula Lenka , Leišová‐Svobodová Leona , Mikyška Alexandr , Kučera Ladislav 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolyphenols and phenolic acid are able to slow down or prevent oxidation processes and are therefore thought to have important effects in malting and brewing. Laccase catalyses the oxidation of a wide variety of substrates, including polyphenols. The aim of this paper was to determine the changes in polyphenol compounds and the relative expression of the HvLac1 gene during malting.RESULTSThe dominant phenolic acid was ferulic acid. The amount of ferulic acid increased, whereas the amount of vanillic acid decreased during malting. The highest levels of expression of the HvLac1 gene were observed during the third air rest period in varieties with the ‘Haruna Nijo’ (HN) allele, as recommended for the production of beer with the protected geographical indication (PGI) ‘Česke pivo’ (Czech beer), whereas the highest expression was observed in the first day of germination in varieties with the ‘Morex’ (M) allele. However, the profiles of HvLac1 gene expression in varieties with alternative alleles during malting were similar, and the level of polyphenol compounds throughout malting was different.CONCLUSIONThe polyphenol contents in barley increased several‐fold during malting, and the degree of increase differed with variety. The expression of HvLac1 transcript was similar in every barley variety. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
AFN‐1252 is a potent inhibitor of enoyl‐ACPreductase fromBurkholderia pseudomallei—Crystal structure, mode of action, and biological activity
Authors: Narasimha Rao Krishnamurthy , Lakshminarasimhan Anirudha , Joseph Sarah , Lekshmi Swathi U. , Lau Ming‐Seong , Takhi Mohammed , Sreenivas Kandepu , Nathan Sheila , Yusof Rohana , Abd. Rahman Noorsaadah , Ramachandra Murali , Antony Thomas , Subramanya Hosahalli 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMelioidosis is a tropical bacterial infection caused byBurkholderia pseudomallei(B. pseudomallei; Bpm), a Gram‐negative bacterium. Current therapeutic options are largely limited to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole and β‐lactam drugs, and the treatment duration is about 4 months. Moreover, resistance has been reported to these drugs. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop new antibiotics for Melioidosis. Inhibition of enoyl‐ACP reducatase (FabI), a key enzyme in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway has shown significant promise for antibacterial drug development. FabI has been identified as the major enoyl‐ACP reductase present inB. pseudomallei. In this study, we evaluated AFN‐1252, aStaphylococcus aureusFabI inhibitor currently in clinical development, for its potential to bind to BpmFabI enzyme and inhibitB. pseudomalleibacterial growth. AFN‐1252 stabilized BpmFabI and inhibited the enzyme activity with an IC50of 9.6 nM. It showed good antibacterial activity againstB. pseudomalleiR15 strain, isolated from a melioidosis patient (MIC of 2.35 mg/L). X‐ray structure of BpmFabI with AFN‐1252 was determined at a resolution of 2.3 Å. Complex of BpmFabI with AFN‐1252 formed a symmetrical tetrameric structure with one molecule of AFN‐1252 bound to each monomeric subunit. The kinetic and thermal melting studies supported the finding that AFN‐1252 can bind to BpmFabI independent of cofactor. The structural and mechanistic insights from these studies might help the rational design and development of new FabI inhibitors.
Characterizing the binding interactions between P‐glycoprotein and eight known cardiovascular transport substrates
Authors: Jagodinsky Justin C. , Akgun Ugur 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe multidrug efflux pump P‐glycoprotein (Pgp) is upregulated in cardiomyocytes following chronic ischemia from infarction and hypoxia caused by sleep apnea. This report summarizes the molecular dynamic studies performed on eight cardiovascular drugs to determine their corresponding binding sites on mouse Pgp. Selected Pgp transport ligands include: Amiodarone, Bepridil, Diltiazem, Dipyridamole, Nicardipine, Nifedipine, Propranolol, and Quinidine. Extensive molecular dynamic equilibration simulations were performed to determine drug docking interactions. Distinct binding sites were not observed, but rather a binding belt was seen with multiple residues playing a role in each studied drug's stable docking. Three key drug–protein interactions were identified: hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic packing, and the formation of a “cage” of aromatic residues around the drug. After drug stabilization, water molecules were observed to leak into the binding belt and condense around the drug. Water influx into the binding domain of Pgp may play a role in catalytic transition and drug expulsion. The cytoplasmic recruitment theory was also tested, and the drugs were observed to interact with conserved loops of residues with a strong affinity. A free energy change of astronomical value is required to recruit the drug from the cytoplasm to the binding belt within the transmembrane domain of Pgp.
Neonicotinoid‐induced resurgence of rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guénee)
Authors: Chintalapati Padmavathi , Katti Gururaj , Puskur Raghuveer Rao , Nagella Venkata Krishnaiah 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmong the neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam have been frequently used in planthopper endemic areas. Wherever leaffolder incidence occurs along with planthoppers in rice fields, use of neonicotinoids has resulted in increase in leaffolder population. The present study was carried out to verify and confirm the resurgence, as well as to identify factors contributing to resurgence.RESULTSIn imidacloprid‐ and thiamethoxam‐applied plots, a 17.5–217.5% increase in leaffolder population over the untreated control was observed. Neonicotinoids showed moderate toxicity to eggs with <50% hatching, and less toxicity to first instars with >60% survival, while 37–60% of larvae reached adult stage. The larval duration was also reduced. Fecundity was stimulated, with a 6.2–37.21% increase over the untreated control. A significant positive correlation was observed between larval population and total soluble sugars in thiamethoxam treatment (r = 0.9984, P ≤ 0.01).CONCLUSIONStimulated fecundity on neonicotinoid‐sprayed plants, coupled with reduced larval duration and low egg toxicity, could be the major factors contributing to the upsurge of leaffolder. This study aids in cautioning farmers to be more vigilant while using imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, particularly in rice fields where leaffolder exists alongside planthoppers. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Interference of allelopathic wheat with different weeds
Authors: Zhang Song‐Zhu , Li Yong‐Hua , Kong Chui‐Hua , Xu Xiao‐Hua 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDInterference of allelopathic wheat with weeds involves a broad spectrum of species either independently or synergistically with competitive factors. This study examined the interference of allelopathic wheat with 38 weeds in relation to the production of allelochemical 2,4‐dihydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one (DIMBOA) in wheat with and without root–root interactions.RESULTSThere were substantial differences in weed biomass and DIMBOA concentration in wheat–weed coexisting systems. Among 38 weeds, nine weeds were inhibited significantly by allelopathic wheat but the other 29 weeds were not. DIMBOA levels in wheat varied greatly with weed species. There was no significant relationship between DIMBOA levels and weed suppression effects. Root segregation led to great changes in weed inhibition and DIMBOA level. Compared with root contact, the inhibition of eight weeds was lowered significantly, while significantly increased inhibition occurred in 11 weeds with an increased DIMBOA concentration under root segregation. Furthermore, the production of DIMBOA in wheat was induced by the root exudates from weeds.CONCLUSIONInterference of allelopathic wheat with weeds not only is determined by the specificity of the weeds but also depends on root–root interactions. In particular, allelopathic wheat may detect certain weeds through the root exudates and respond by increasing the allelochemical, resulting in weed identity recognition. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry