bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The performance of the CoMorph‐A convection package in global simulations with the Met Office Unified Model
Authors: Lock A. P. , Whitall M. , Stirling A. J. , Williams K. D. , Lavender S. L. , Morcrette C. , Matsubayashi K. , Field P. R. , Martin G. , Willett M. , Heming J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe impact on global simulations of a new package of physical parametrizations in the Met Office Unified Model is documented. The main component of the package is an entirely new convection scheme, CoMorph. This has a mass‐flux structure that allows initiation of buoyant ascent from any level and the ability for plumes of differing originating levels to coexist in a grid box. It has a different form of closure, where the mass flux of initiation is dependent on local instability, and an implicit numerical solution for detrainment that yields smooth timestep behaviour. The scheme is coupled more consistently to the cloud, microphysics, and boundary‐layer parametrizations and, as a result, significant changes to these have also been made. The package, called CoMorph‐A, has been tested in a variety of single‐column and idealized regimes. Here we test it in global configurations and evaluate it against observations using a range of standard metrics. Overall it is found to perform well against the control. Biases in the climatologies of the radiative fluxes are significantly reduced across the Tropics and subtropics, tropical and extratropical cyclone statistics are improved, and the Madden–Julian oscillation and other propagating tropical waves are strengthened. It also improves overall scores in numerical weather prediction trials, without revisions to the data assimilation. There is still work to do to improve the diurnal cycle of precipitation over land, where the peak remains too close to the middle of the day.
Observation of Superconductivity Up to 8.7 K in Reduced Potassium Tantalate
Authors: Cao Xueshan , Liu Zhongran , Lu Jiayi , Pan Wenze , Wang Yishuai , Shi Yuexin , Hong Siyuan , Qin Ming , Cao Guanghan , Zhang Meng , Tian He , Xie Yanwu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe observation of superconductivity with a transition temperature (Tc) up to 8.7 K in KTaO3 single crystals annealed with CaH2 at 900–1000 °C is reported. The superconductivity is confirmed by both resistance and magnetization measurements and is 3D in nature. Characterizations of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal that it locates in a 1‐µm‐order‐thick polycrystalline surface layer that shows a rock‐salt type structure, with a lattice constant of 0.454 nm, and can be chemically identified as KxTaOy (0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.08, 1.24 ≤ y ≤ 1.35), depending on annealing conditions. Within the experimental ranges, the Tc is peaked at x ≈0.05, and increases with decreasing y, and the highest Tc is observed in K0.05TaO1.24. The Tc observed here is much higher than that of KTaO3, Ta, and pure TaO, and is also one of the highest among of all the known oxide superconductors with the same rock‐salt structure. The rather high Tc and its close connection with KTaO3 and Ta, both of which are promising materials for quantum computing, make KxTaOy potentially interesting as a building block in constructing future superconducting quantum devices.
Experimental assessment of elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry normalization methodologies for environmental stable isotopes
Authors: Balint Sawyer , Schwartz Morgan , Fowler Drew N. , Linnekogel Stella , Clemons Sáde Cromratie , Burkemper Laura K. 
Published: June 2024

RationaleIn stable isotope mass spectrometry, isotope delta values are normalized to internationally recognized reference scales using a combination of certified and in‐house isotope reference materials. Numerous techniques exist for performing this normalization, but these methodologies need to be experimentally assessed to compare their effect on reproducibility of isotope results.MethodsWe tested normalization methods by the number of reference materials used, their matrix, their isotope range, and whether normalization required extrapolating beyond the isotope range. We analyzed eight commercially available isotope reference materials on a ThermoFinnigan Delta‐V isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) and an Elementar VisION IRMS for nitrogen and carbon isotope composition via solid combustion with an elemental analyzer and computed every possible isotope normalization (n = 612). Additionally, we assessed how sample matrix affected linearity effects on both instruments using five in‐house reference materials.ResultsNormalizations exhibited the best performance when the reference materials spanning an isotope range of at least 20‰ were matrix matched with the samples and did not require extrapolation beyond the calibration curve. When these conditions were not met, the number of reference materials used had a significant effect on accuracy, with normalizations composed of two reference materials exhibiting particularly inconsistent performance at isotope ranges below 20‰. Linearity effects were found to exceed instrument precision by two orders of magnitude irrespective of matrix type and were not predicted by working gas diagnostics.ConclusionsInterlaboratory comparability of isotope results is improved when operators of elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EAIRMS) systems select reference materials spanning an isotope range of at least 20‰. Additionally, using three or more isotopic reference materials, avoiding extrapolation beyond the range of the normalization curve, and matching the matrix of the reference materials to the samples improve normalizations.
How do airports align with sustainability? An analysis of the world's 150 busiest airports
Authors: Jia Xibei , Macário Rosário , Buyle Sven 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study represents the first in‐depth analysis of the global airport industry's compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), assessing the SDG alignment of the world's 150 busiest airports across 48 countries, which collectively account for approximately 60% of global air traffic in 2019. We discovered a 42% overall alignment with the SDGs, illustrating the aviation sector's relatively slow incorporation of green technologies and sustainable practices, especially when contrasted with industries such as Oil and Gas (O&G), and banking. Notably, a subset of 23% of airports demonstrates high alignment, characterized by implementing targeted SDG actions and establishing comprehensive monitoring and evaluation frameworks, indicating a significant, albeit challenging, shift toward sustainability. Our analysis also pinpoints that airports in Europe and those handling larger passenger volumes exhibit more substantial alignment, attributing this to the influence of Europe's stringent sustainability regulations and the prioritization of passenger‐focused operations on enhancing SDG commitments. Conversely, an airport's alignment with the SDGs is not significantly predicted by its host country's national SDG scores, suggesting that regional sustainability pressures exert a more direct influence on airport practices than national achievements. These findings lead to recommendations for standardizing SDG reporting and developing specific metrics for tracking progress at airports, alongside advocating for governmental and international entities to establish regulatory frameworks, financial incentives, and certification programs to enhance global aviation sustainability.
Significant Enhancement of Negative Thermal Expansion Under Low Pressure in Cu2P2O7
Authors: Shi Naike , Fan Longlong , Xu Yuanji , Yin Wen , Chen Huaican , Yuan Bao , Zhou Chang , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMuch effort is made to achieve the negative thermal expansion (NTE) control, but rare methods reached the improvement of intrinsic NTE. In the present work, a significantly enhanced NTE is realized in Cu2P2O7 by applying low pressure. Especially, the volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of Cu2P2O7 reached to −50.0 × 10−6 K−1 (150–325K) under 0.25 GPa, which is increased by 47.5% compared to its NTE in a similar temperature range under atmosphere pressure. This character enables a more effective manifestation of the thermal compensation role of Cu2P2O7 in composites. The enhanced NTE mechanisms are analyzed by high pressure synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, neutron diffraction at variable temperature and pressure, as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that applied pressure accelerates the contraction of the distance between adjacent CuO layers and CuO columns. Meanwhile, the low‐frequency phonon contribution to NTE in α‐Cu2P2O7 is improved. This work is meaningful for the exploration of methods to enhance NTE and the practical application of NTE materials.
Assessment of Microplastic Pollution Across the Malabar Coast, India
Authors: Mashirin Reeha , Chitra Kumari Chidambaran 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTRecent scientific investigations have highlighted concerning levels of microplastic contamination in marine ecosystems, posing significant risks to marine organisms and human populations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of microplastics in water, sediment, and tissues of commercially important fish species along the Malabar coast in Northwest Kerala, India. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), six predominant polymer types were identified, including HDPE, PET, and nylon. The investigation revealed notable abundances of transparent microplastic particles, measuring <1 mm in diameter, particularly in gastrointestinal and gill tissues, with gastrointestinal tissues exhibiting the highest concentration of microplastics. A diverse array of morphotypes, including fragments (48.08%), fibers (28.84%), filaments (19.23%), and granules (3.85%), were observed within the coastal zone. The study implicates various sources of contamination, such as direct discharges, runoff, and inadequate wastewater management practices, contributing to the substantial presence of microplastics in coastal environments. In light of these findings, the study emphasizes the urgent need for the implementation of effective regulatory measures to mitigate plastic pollution in marine ecosystems. These results underscore the critical importance of proactive intervention to safeguard the health of marine ecosystems and human populations in coastal regions.
Acid Treatment on Bentonite Clay for the Removal of Fast Green FCF Dye from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Bharali Panchali 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe bentonite clay has been activated by acid treatment and utilized as a lower‐cost and eco‐friendly adsorbent required to remove Fast Green FCF dye from the aqueous solution. At first acid activated bentonite clay minerals were analyzed by various analytical techniques like Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The batch adsorption research was performed to investigate the Fast Green FCF dye adsorption onto the acid‐treated (Bent) bentonite clay. Sorption studies investigated the impacts of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, and time of contact on Fast Green FCF color elimination. The adsorption capacity decreased as the pH was above 7 and then remained almost the same after a pH value of 9. At acidic conditions (below pH value 7), the capacity of adsorption diminished by a decrease in the pH of the solution. The results indicated that the maximum capacity of adsorption has been obtained at an adsorbent dosage of 0.1 g. As the dosage of the adsorbent was improved, several active sites that were available at the time of the dye adsorption increased. As a result, the dye percentage that was removed from the clay increased. Besides these, adsorption kinetics, adsorption equilibrium isotherm, and thermodynamics studies have been also conducted. While studying the adsorption kinetics pseudo‐2nd‐order kinetics has been seen to be more appropriate as compared to pseudo‐1st‐order model. The experimental findings indicated that the attachment of the dye to the clay surface followed the “Langmuir adsorption” isotherm rather than the Freundlich adsorption isotherm with a monolayer coverage of 18.93 mg/g. From the thermodynamics study, it was revealed that the process of adsorption takes place instantly at high temperatures.
Real‐Time Air Quality Index Detection through Regression‐Based Convolutional Neural Network Model on Captured Images
Authors: Sarkar Pritisha , Saha Duranta Durbaar Vishal , Saha Mousumi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTOur research addresses the imperative need for an efficient air quality monitoring and forecasting system to mitigate the significant health risks of air pollution. Departing from conventional binary data collection methods, we employ image‐based techniques to overcome inherent limitations. A pioneering aspect of our work involves the development of a novel model capable of predicting six air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, CO, SO2, NO2) along with Air Quality Index for Bengaluru, Delhi, and Tamil Nadu, achieving a commendable mean absolute error of 0.1432 on the test set. The efficacy of our approach is validated through a meticulously curated dataset comprising approximately 5455 images. We emphasize the significance of normalization by presenting outputs before and after, shedding light on the impact of parameters with varying ranges and strategies employed to mitigate such discrepancies. A detailed analysis of our model's best and worst outputs provides valuable insights into its strengths and limitations. To enhance user accessibility, we introduce an innovative image‐based, real‐time, user‐friendly dashboard that allows users to conveniently assess a location's air pollution levels by uploading an image. This holistic approach offers a promising avenue for accurate air quality prediction and real‐time monitoring.
Fishermen's willingness to accept compensation for conservation of Hilsha (Tenualosa ilisha) fish: Evidences from Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmad Babor , Rabbani Md. Golam , Siddiquee Muhammad Shahadat Hossain , Uddin Mohammad Main , Khanom Shuktara , Talukdar Shawon , Habiba Umme 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHilsha fish (Tenualosa ilisha) is one of Bangladesh's biggest economic and nutritious fish. Governments and planners are contemplating rewarding fishermen who conserve this precious resource. The government is economically helping fishermen to limit fishing Hilsha for 2 months in order to promote it from immature (Jatka) to mature Hilsha. No study has predicted the amount of economic incentive for fishermen in Bangladesh. This study estimates fishermen's willingness to accept (WTA) conserving Hilsha fishes and the associated problems that they encounter during the banning period. To achieve these goals, 255 fishermen from Chandpur were randomly sampled for collecting cross‐section data. This study uses a dichotomous contingent valuation using a logit model for WTA decision factors and problem facing index (PFI) to assess fishermen's hardships during the banning period. Findings reveal that WTA decisions are influenced by bidding amount, household distance from the nearest market, fishermen's educational status, previous awareness of Hilsha conservation, credit access, household size, training received, and fishing experience. The PFI shows that respondents' main issues during the fish‐catching prohibition are the lack of nutritional food, alternative jobs, clothing, credit, and livelihood capital. The mean per month WTA is found to be BDT 13,372, which should be implemented to minimize trade‐offs during banning and sustain Hilsha resources with support to and from fishermen. Policies such as technical training for alternative earning occupations, increased credit with low prerequisites, effective family planning, and Hilsha conservation awareness might help improve the livelihoods of the fishing community and sustain this valuable resource.
Study of a rapid ultrasonographic technique for the evaluation of the abdominal organs in rabbits
Authors: Band Sarah A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFocused ultrasonographic imaging techniques are commonly used for cats and dogs; however, such techniques have not been described in rabbits.MethodsFocused abdominal ultrasonography was performed on 12 healthy conscious rabbits using four acoustic windows: xiphisternal, left and right renal and cystic. They were positioned in sternal recumbency on a table top, with a cut‐out area to allow access to the ventral abdomen. Ultrasonographic images were obtained using a micro‐convex probe (3‒11 MHz), and the organs identified in each image were recorded.ResultsThe liver, kidneys, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, caecum and colon were identified in all rabbits (12/12). In most rabbits, the following were identified: urinary bladder (11/12), gall bladder (11/12), spleen (10/12) and caudal vena cava or aorta (7/10). The right adrenal gland was identified in five of the 12 rabbits, but the left adrenal gland was identified in only one. The stomach filled at least one view in all rabbits, and the caecum filled the view in nine of 12 rabbits. Other structures thought to be identified included caecal flexures (9/12), appendix (9/12), ampulla coli (3/12), sacculus rotundus (3/12), colonic haustrae (2/12) and pancreas (2/12).LimitationOnly neutered individuals were imaged, so the usefulness of the technique for imaging the reproductive organs could not be determined.ConclusionThis technique enabled imaging of the major abdominal organs in most rabbits, demonstrating the potential value of focused imaging in this species.
Synthesis of silver‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles with highly efficient adsorption of Congo red
Authors: Nga Nguyen Kim , Mai Nguyen Thi Tuyet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) doped with Ag were produced through a solvothermal method, with varying amounts of silver doping ranging from 0.5% to 1.5%. The samples were analyzed for crystallite sizes, structure, and metallic bondings using XRD, SEM, EDXS, and FTIR techniques. The BET surface areas were determined through nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The efficiency of the silver‐doped TiO2 NPs for removing Congo red (CR) was tested through adsorption experiments. The results showed that the synthesized TiO2 NPs doped with Ag were uniformly spherical in shape, with tiny average sizes ranging from 7.97 to 12.74 nm and large BET surface areas (98.41–166.1 m2 g−1). The silver‐doped TiO2 samples with a 0.5% Ag doping amount exhibited the highest adsorption capacity in CR removal, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 454.55 mg of dye per gram of adsorbent and a lower contact time of 20 min than other metal oxide NPs. The CR adsorption onto 0.5% Ag‐TiO2 obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.989), and the adsorption followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation. The adsorbent could be efficiently reused for five consecutive cycles to remove CR.
Profiling several key milk miRNAs and analysing their signalling pathways in dairy sheep breeds during peak and late lactation
Authors: Duman Esra , Özmen Özge , Kul Selim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe comprehensive understanding of microRNAs (miRNAs) in sheep milk during various lactation periods and their impact on milk yield and composition remains limited.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of four highly expressed miRNAs in sheep milk and their association with milk composition and yield parameters during peak and late lactation stages.MethodsA total of 40 healthy 4‐year‐old Akkaraman (n = 20) and Awassi (n = 20) ewes registered with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Türkiye were used in the present study. For miRNA isolation from milk, the Qiagen miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Advanced Kit was utilised following the manufacturer's instructions. The expression levels of miRNAs were assessed using Qiagen miRNA PCR Assays.ResultsThe significant fold changes in the expression levels of oar‐miR‐30a‐5p, oar‐miR‐148a and oar‐miR‐181a were observed between peak and late lactation periods in the Awassi sheep breed. Conversely, only oar‐miR‐30a‐5p and oar‐miR‐148a exhibited statistically significant changes in the Akkaraman sheep breed during the same lactation periods. Furthermore, oar‐miR‐21‐5p demonstrated a significant fold change exclusively in peak lactation compared to Akkaraman and Awassi ewes.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the expression of the analysed miRNAs is influenced by both the lactation stage and different sheep breeds. This study offers valuable insights into the relationship between key miRNA expressions in sheep milk and milk composition and yield parameters during peak and late lactation, contributing to the existing knowledge in this field.
Prominent hair follicle epithelial mucinosis in a cat with eosinophilic plaque
Authors: Topcu Mehmet Emre , Yıldırım Funda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe feline eosinophilic granuloma complex is a well‐known dermatological problem that affects domestic cats. It has three characteristic components: eosinophilic plaque, eosinophilic granuloma and indolent ulcer. In this case report, we report a 5‐year‐old, mixed‐breed cat with pruritic plaque formation, which was typical for eosinophilic plaque by dermatological examination. The diagnosis was established by histopathological and clinical findings. As previous literature showed, hair follicle epithelium mucinosis as a histopathological finding could potentially give us fundamental clues about the microscopic diagnosis of this complex. We discuss the presentation, histopathology and treatment response in detail. This case highlights how intricate feline eosinophilic granuloma complex can be, and underscores the significance of hair follicle epithelium mucinosis as a diagnostic tool in histopathology.
Ultrasound‐guided percutaneous choledochocentesis in a cat with cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis and cholangitis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Malliagros Larissa Vahia , Mendes Camila de Oliveira Ferreira , dos Santos Ayla Cerqueira Aleluia , Teixeira André Luis de Souza , Santos Márcia Carolina Salomão 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA 13‐year‐old female cat was presented at our Veterinary Teaching Hospital with hyporexia and prostration. The animal underwent cholecystectomy 2 months previously due to partial biliary obstruction resulting from cholecystitis, multiple cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, dilation and tortuosity of the bile ducts. Due to the impossibility of puncturing the gall bladder and the persistence of dilation and tortuosity of the extra‐ and intrahepatic ducts identified by ultrasound, a dilated intrabiliary duct was punctured. The objective of the present study was to report the ultrasound‐guided percutaneous choledochocentesis technique, which, to our knowledge, is the first report of its performance in cats. The material was obtained for bile culture and antibiogram, which identified the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was multiresistant to most antibiotics and uncommon in the biliary system. The technique was performed uneventfully, and was essential in the present report to assist in the presumptive diagnosis and treatment of cholangitis associated with cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis.