bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root coverage by coronally advanced flap with connective tissue graft and/or enamel matrix derivative: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Cheng G.‐L. , Fu E. , Tu Y.‐K. , Shen E.‐C. , Chiu H.‐C. , Huang R.‐Y. , Yuh D.‐Y. , Chiang C.‐Y. 
Published: July 2014

Background and ObjectivePrevious systematic reviews have reported that the use of a coronally advanced flap (CAF) combined with a connective tissue graft (CTG) or enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is more likely to achieve complete root coverage (CRC) than other modalities. However, the details of periodontal parameters and comparisons among a variety of combinations of CAF with CTG and/or EMD are left to be investigated. This study aimed to analyze the differences in periodontal parameters between these treatment modalities.Material and MethodsA literature search was performed using the Cochrane library and MEDLINE (PubMed) for studies focused on the treatment of gingival recession (Miller Class I, II and III) with CAF alone or combined with CTG, EMD or both up to December 2011. Randomized controlled clinical trials with a follow‐up duration ≥ 6 mo were included. The outcome analysis included changes in periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level, recession depth (RED) and keratinized tissue width (KTW).ResultsThirteen randomized controlled clinical trials, including 529 Miller Class I–III defects from 321 patients were included. For an increase in KTW, CAF + CTG significantly improved more than CAF alone. CAF + EMD also gained more KTW than CAF alone. EMD reduced PPD, however, a significant difference was not found. Furthermore, the effects on changes of RED and clinical attachment level were not identified in the study.ConclusionWhen combined with CAF, CTG contributed more in the increase of KTW, while EMD seemed helpful for wound healing by its potential in PPD reduction. However, further research is needed to clarify the effects on changes in RED and clinical attachment level.
Distance as a Predictor of Treatment Attendance in a Family Based Pediatric Weight Management Program in Rural Areas
Authors: Klitzman Page , Armstrong Bridget , Janicke David M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurposeThe primary aim of this study was to determine whether demographic variables and distance to treatment were significant predictors of treatment attendance in a family based healthy lifestyle intervention program held in rural counties.MethodsTwo hundred forty‐nine children aged 8‐12 who were overweight or obese and their parents participated in a 21‐session healthy lifestyle intervention. Measures were obtained at baseline, and attendance included the number of the first core 12 sessions attended. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to identify variables that significantly predicted treatment attendance, and exploratory moderation analyses were conducted to examine if demographic variables moderated effects of distance to treatment site predicting group attendance.FindingsResults support significant inverse relationships between distance to treatment and treatment attendance. Additionally, parents’ marriage status significantly moderated the relationship between distance to treatment and treatment attendance.ConclusionsThese results expand the literature to a rural sample and indicate the importance of marital status for treatment attendance. Knowledge of these barriers to treatment provides information to tailor interventions to improve attendance in the future. Possible strategies include addressing cultural norms, providing resources to overcome time and travel barriers, and implementing e‐health interventions.
Multiple factors in the assessment of firesetters' fire interest and attitudes
Authors: Ó Ciardha Caoilte , Barnoux Magali F. L. , Alleyne Emma K. A. , Tyler Nichola , Mozova Katarina , Gannon Theresa A. 
Published: July 2014

PurposeThe number of measures available to practitioners to assess fire interest and other fire‐related attitudes is limited. To help establish the utility of such measures, this study explored whether three fire measures contained multiple factors and whether such factors related to firesetting behaviour.MethodThe Fire Interest Rating Scale, the Fire Attitude Scale, and the Identification with Fire Questionnaire were administered to 234 male prisoners (117 firesetters, 117 non‐firesetters) and results were factor analyzed. To determine the relationship of the resulting factors with firesetting behaviour, their ability to discriminate firesetters from controls was examined and compared to the original scales.ResultsResponses were best represented by five factors, four of which discriminated firesetters from non‐firesetters. One factor demonstrated significant accuracy in discriminating single offence firesetters from repeat firesetters. Taken together the factors offered more clarity than using the original scale outcomes and showed equivalent predictive accuracy.ConclusionsThe five factors identified may aid practitioners in helping to formulate the specific treatment needs of identified firesetters.
What is genetic differentiation, and how should we measure it—GST, D, neither or both?
Authors: Verity Robert , Nichols Richard A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEstimates of the fixation index, FST, have been used as measures of population differentiation for many decades. However, there have been persistent voices in the literature suggesting that these statistics do not measure true differentiation. In particular, the statistics Nei's GST and Wier and Cockerham's θ have been criticized for being ‘constrained’ to not equal one in some situations that seem to represent maximal differentiation. Here, we address the issue of how to evaluate exactly how much information a particular statistic contains about the process of differentiation. This criterion can be used to counter most concerns about the performance of GST (and related statistics), while also being reconciled with the insights of those who have proposed alternative measures of differentiation. In particular, the likelihood‐based framework that we put forward can justify the use of GST as an effective measure of differentiation, but also shows that in some situations GST is insufficient on its own and needs supplementing by another measure such as Jost's D or Hedrick's G′ST. This approach will become increasingly important in the future, as greater emphasis is placed on analysing large data sets.
Prion‐promoted phosphorylation of heterologous amyloid is coupled with ubiquitin‐proteasome system inhibition and toxicity
Authors: Yang Zi , Stone David E. , Liebman Susan W. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryMany neurodegenerative diseases are associated with conversion of a soluble protein into amyloid deposits, but how this is connected to toxicity remains largely unknown. Here, we explore mechanisms of amyloid associated toxicity using yeast. [PIN+], the prion form of the Q/N‐rich Rnq1 protein, was known to enhance aggregation of heterologous proteins, including the overexpressed Q/N‐rich amyloid forming domain of Pin4 (Pin4C), and Pin4C aggregates were known to attract chaperones, including Sis1. Here we show that in [PIN+] but not [pin−] cells, overexpression of Pin4C is deadly and linked to hyperphosphorylation of aggregated Pin4C. Furthermore, Pin4C aggregation, hyperphosphorylation and toxicity are simultaneously reversed by Sis1 overexpression. Toxicity may result from proteasome overload because hyperphosphorylated Pin4C aggregation is associated with reduced degradation of a ubiquitin‐protein degradation reporter. Finally, hyperphosphorylation of endogenous full‐length Pin4 was also facilitated by [PIN+], revealing that a prion can regulate post‐translational modification of another protein.
Right cervical internal carotid artery dissection as the initial presentation in a patient with clinically diagnosed segmental arterial mediolysis
Authors: Wada Yuko , Motooka Rieko , Nishimura Yo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA 46‐year‐old man developed acute‐onset right cervical internal carotid artery occlusion at its origin, and concomitant multiple visceral artery aneurysms were also detected during the evaluation of cerebral infarction. Follow‐up cerebral angiography confirmed the irregular and beaded appearance of the right cervical internal carotid artery, presumably secondary to dissection. The clinical and radiological findings in the patient were most consistent with segmental arterial mediolysis, and we considered that segmental arterial mediolysis might be the cause of internal carotid artery dissection. The typical presentation of segmental arterial mediolysis is acute fetal intra‐abdominal hemorrhage as a result of dissection of visceral artery aneurysms. Hence, physicians should be aware of segmental arterial mediolysis in the differential diagnosis of internal carotid arterydissection and carefully assess the application of thrombolytic therapy.
Discrepancies between c‐Kit positive and Ano1 positive ICC‐SMP in the W/Wv and wild‐type mouse colon; relationships with motor patterns and calcium transients
Authors: Wang Xuan‐Yu , Chen Ji‐Hong , Li Kongling , Zhu Yong F. , Wright George W. J. , Huizinga Jan D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundInterstitial cells of Cajal associated with the submuscular plexus (ICC‐SMP) generate omnipresent slow‐wave activity in the colon and are associated with prominent motor patterns. Our aim was to investigate colon motor dysfunction in W/Wv mice in which the ICC are reportedly reduced.MethodsWhole organ colon motility was studied using spatio‐temporal mapping; immunohistochemical staining was carried out for c‐Kit and Ano1; calcium imaging was applied to ICC‐SMP.Key ResultsDiscrepancies between Ano1 and c‐Kit staining were found in both wild‐type and W/Wv colon. ICC‐SMP were reduced to ~50% in the W/Wv mouse colon according to c‐Kit immunohistochemistry, but Ano1 staining indicated a normal network of ICC‐SMP. The latter was consistent with rhythmic calcium transients occurring at the submucosal border of the colon in W/Wv mice, similar to the rhythmic transients in wild‐type ICC‐SMP. Furthermore, the motor pattern associated with ICC‐SMP pacemaking, the so‐called ‘ripples’ were normal in the W/Wv colon.Conclusions & Inferencesc‐Kit is not a reliable marker for quantifying ICC‐SMP in the mouse colon. Ano1 staining revealed a normal network of ICC‐SMP consistent with the presence of a normal ‘ripples’ motor pattern. We detected a class of Ano1 positive c‐Kit negative cells that do not depend on Kit expression for maintenance, a feature shared with ICC progenitors.
Kelps feature systemic defense responses: insights into the evolution of innate immunity in multicellular eukaryotes
Authors: Thomas François , Cosse Audrey , Le Panse Sophie , Kloareg Bernard , Potin Philippe , Leblanc Catherine 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Brown algae are one of the few eukaryotic lineages that have evolved complex multicellularity, together with Opisthokonts (animals, fungi) and Plantae (land plants, green and red algae). In these three lineages, biotic stresses induce similar local defense reactions. Animals and land plants also feature a systemic immune response, protecting the whole organism after an attack on one of its parts. However, the occurrence of systemic defenses has never been investigated in brown algae.

We elicited selected parts of the kelp Laminaria digitata and monitored distant, nonchallenged areas of the same individual for subsequent defense reactions.

A systemic reaction was detected following elicitation on a distant area, including an oxidative response, an increase in haloperoxidase activities and a stronger resistance against herbivory. Based on experiments with pharmacological inhibitors, the liberation of free fatty acids is proposed to play a key role in systemic signaling, reminiscent of what is known in land plants.

This study is the first report, outside the phyla of Opisthokonts and Plantae, of an intraorganism communication leading to defense reactions. These findings indicate that systemic immunity emerged independently at least three times, as a consequence of convergent evolution in multicellular eukaryotic lineages.
A dose–response study of caudal dexmedetomidine with ropivacaine in pediatric day care patients undergoing lower abdominal and perineal surgeries: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bharti Neerja , Praveen Ranganatha , Bala Indu 
Published: July 2014

SummaryObjectivesThis randomized double‐blind study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of addition of three different doses of dexmedetomidine in caudal ropivacaine compared with plain ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in pediatric day care patients.MethodsEighty children of American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I–II, aged 1–8 years, undergoing lower abdominal and perineal surgery were included. Children were randomly allocated into four groups. Group 1 received 0.2% plain ropivacaine 0.75 ml·kg−1, while group 2, 3, and 4 received dexmedetomidine 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 μg·kg−1, respectively, along with 0.2% ropivacaine 0.75 ml·kg−1. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane and 50% N2O in oxygen. Children were observed for postoperative pain, nausea‐vomiting, agitation, sedation, and adverse effects. Rescue analgesia was provided with oral paracetamol.ResultsPostoperative analgesia was significantly prolonged in all dexmedetomidine groups as compared to plain ropivacaine group (P < 0.001). All patients in the plain ropivacaine group required rescue analgesia within first 6 postoperative hours, while none in the other three groups. None of the patients showed delayed anesthetic emergence. Four patients in the plain ropivacaine group developed agitation, while none in the dexmedetomidine groups. Patients receiving dexmedetomidine 1.5 μg·kg−1 were more sedated as compared to the other groups (P < 0.01), but it did not delay discharge of the patients.ConclusionsAll three doses of caudal dexmedetomidine appear to be effective for preventing postoperative pain in pediatric day care patients. Caudal dexmedetomidine used in these doses seems to be safe for day care surgery.
Trauma in relation to psychosis and hospital experiences: The role of past trauma and attachment
Authors: Berry Katherine , Ford Sarah , Jellicoe‐Jones Lorna , Haddock Gillian 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesWe investigated rates of psychosis‐related and hospital‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with psychosis in secure settings. We also investigated relationships between PTSD symptoms and previous experiences of trauma and adult attachment.MethodUsing a cross‐sectional design, 50 participants from medium‐secure and low‐secure settings were interviewed to identify distressing experiences related to psychosis and hospitalization. PTSD symptoms related to those experiences, past trauma and attachment were assessed using self‐report measures.ResultsThe combined rate of psychosis‐related and hospital‐related PTSD was 30%. Twenty‐four percent and 18% met criteria for psychosis‐related and hospital‐related PTSD, respectively. Severity of psychosis was associated with both psychosis‐related and hospital‐related PTSD symptoms. The prevalence of previous trauma was high, but previous trauma was not significantly correlated with psychosis‐related or hospital‐related PTSD symptoms. Anxiety in attachment relationships was significantly associated with both psychosis‐related PTSD symptoms and hospital‐related PTSD symptoms.ConclusionsThis study adds to the growing body of research highlighting the distressing nature of psychosis and the iatrogenic effects of treatments. It also highlights the potentially important role of attachment styles in PTSD in psychosis.Practitioner points

30% of patients met criteria for psychosis‐ or hospital‐related PTSD.

Severity of psychosis was associated with PTSD symptoms.

Anxiety in attachment relationships was positively correlated with PTSD symptoms.
Role of aquaporins in determining transpiration and photosynthesis in water‐stressed plants: crop water‐use efficiency, growth and yield
Authors: MOSHELION MENACHEM , HALPERIN OFER , WALLACH RONY , OREN RAM , WAY DANIELLE A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe global shortage of fresh water is one of our most severe agricultural problems, leading to dry and saline lands that reduce plant growth and crop yield. Here we review recent work highlighting the molecular mechanisms allowing some plant species and genotypes to maintain productivity under water stress conditions, and suggest molecular modifications to equip plants for greater production in water‐limited environments. Aquaporins (AQPs) are thought to be the main transporters of water, small and uncharged solutes, and CO2 through plant cell membranes, thus linking leaf CO2 uptake from the intercellular airspaces to the chloroplast with water loss pathways. AQPs appear to play a role in regulating dynamic changes of root, stem and leaf hydraulic conductivity, especially in response to environmental changes, opening the door to using AQP expression to regulate plant water‐use efficiency. We highlight the role of vascular AQPs in regulating leaf hydraulic conductivity and raise questions regarding their role (as well as tonoplast AQPs) in determining the plant isohydric threshold, growth rate, fruit yield production and harvest index. The tissue‐ or cell‐specific expression of AQPs is discussed as a tool to increase yield relative to control plants under both normal and water‐stressed conditions.
High light decreases xylem contribution to fruit growth in tomato
Authors: HANSSENS JOCHEN , DE SWAEF TOM , STEPPE KATHY 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRecently, contradicting evidence has been reported on the contribution of xylem and phloem influx into tomato fruits, urging the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in fruit growth. So far, little research has been performed on quantifying the effect of light intensity on the different contributors to the fruit water balance. However, as light intensity affects both transpiration and photosynthesis, it might be expected to induce important changes in the fruit water balance. In this study, tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were grown in light and shade conditions and the fruit water balance was studied by measuring fruit growth of girdled and intact fruits with linear variable displacement transducers combined with a model‐based approach. Results indicated that the relative xylem contribution significantly increased when shading lowered light intensity. This resulted from both a higher xylem influx and a lower phloem influx during the daytime. Plants from the shade treatment were able to maintain a stronger gradient in total water potential between stem and fruits during daytime, thereby promoting xylem influx. It appeared that the xylem pathway was still functional at 35 days after anthesis and that relative xylem contribution was strongly affected by environmental conditions.
Red Light Interferes in UVA‐Induced Photoaging of Human Skin Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Niu Tianhui , Tian Yan , Ren Qu , Wei Lizhao , Li Xiaoxin , Cai Qing 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe possible regulation mechanism of red light was determined to discover how to retard UVA‐induced skin photoaging. Human skin fibroblasts were cultured and irradiated with different doses of UVA, thus creating a photoaging model. Fibroblasts were also exposed to a subtoxic dose of UVA combined with a red light‐emitting diode (LED) for five continuous days. Three groups were examined: control, UVA and UVA plus red light. Cumulative exposure doses of UVA were 25 J cm−2, and the total doses of red light were 0.18 J cm−2. Various indicators were measured before and after irradiation, including cell morphology, viability, β‐galactosidase staining, apoptosis, cycle phase, the length of telomeres and the protein levels of photoaging‐related genes. Red light irradiation retarded the cumulative low‐dose UVA irradiation‐induced skin photoaging, decreased the expression of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase, upregulated SIRT1 expression, decreased matrix metalloproteinase MMP‐1 and the acetylation of p53 expression, reduced the horizon of cell apoptosis and enhanced cell viability. Furthermore, the telomeres in UVA‐treated cells were shortened compared to those of cells in the red light groups. These results suggest that red light plays a key role in the antiphotoaging of human skin fibroblasts by acting on different signaling transduction pathways.
High genotype diversity and lack of isolation by distance in theAlternaria solanipopulations fromChina
Authors: Meng J. W. , Zhu W. , He M. H. , Wu E. J. , Yang L. N. , Shang L. P. , Zhan J. 
Published: July 2014

A genomic library was used to develop sevenSSRmarkers for studying the population genetics ofAlternaria solani, a pathogenic fungus causing early blight disease of potato and tomato worldwide. Population genetic analysis of 268 isolates ofA. solanisampled from four locations, each representing one of four potato production systems inChina, indicates that theseSSRmarkers are moderately diverse, selectively neutral and possibly unlinked. Population genetic analysis also indicated that genetic variation ofA. solaniinChina is high. About 2/3 of 123 genotypes were detected only once and genotype diversity measured by the standardizedShannon index ranged between 0·82 and 0·92 in the populations. Although clones were detected in multiple populations separated by thousands of kilometres, random association amongSSRloci was found in half of the populations assayed. On average, nearly six copies of genetic material were exchanged among these populations each generation and no isolation by distance was detected. It is hypothesized that the joint effects of cryptic sexual reproduction and human‐mediated gene flow may account for the observed population genetic structure ofA. solaniinChina.
Effect of Dietary N‐Carbamylglutamate Levels on Reproductive Performance of Gilts
Authors: Zhang B , Che LQ , Lin Y , Zhuo Y , Fang ZF , Xu SY , Song J , Wang YS , Liu Y , Wang P , Wu D 
Published: July 2014

ContentsThe effect of dietary N‐carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation during the entire gestation on reproductive performance of gilts was determined. At the initial day of gestation, forty‐five cross‐bred (Landrace × Large white) gilts were randomly assigned to five groups receiving a basal diet (control group) and basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% NCG until parturition, respectively. At parturition, total litter size, live litter size and rate of stillbirth were not markedly affected by NCG supplementation. However, gilts in 0.05% NCG‐supplemented group had more pigs born alive than gilts in control group (+1.11 pigs, p = 0.12), and live litter weight was increased (+12.13–19.17%, p < 0.05) in 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% NCG‐supplemented groups relative to control group. And also, average birthweight of piglets born alive was higher (+6.57%, p < 0.05) in 0.05% NCG‐supplemented group than in control group. Furthermore, on days 30, 60, 90 and 110 of gestation, concentrations of arginine and ornithine in plasma were higher (p < 0.05) in 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% NCG‐supplemented groups than in control group, respectively. In addition, the chorioallantois gene expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A), placental growth factor (PLGF) and angiopoietin‐2 (ANG‐2) was all increased (p < 0.05) in 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% NCG‐supplemented groups than in control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 500 mg/kg NCG during the entire gestation significantly improves pregnancy outcomes in gilts, which may be associated with the improved concentrations of arginine in plasma and placental angiogenic factors gene expression of gilts.