bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary intake in the dependent elderly: evaluation of the risk of nutritional deficit
Authors: Fernández‐Barrés S. , Martín N. , Canela T. , García‐Barco M. , Basora J. , Arija V. ,   Project ATDOM‐NUT group
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is a frequent problem in elderly dependent patients and their prognosis is adversely affected. Assessment of food consumption and adequacy of energy and nutrient intake of dependent elderly is needed to plan any selected actions for this population.MethodsThe study comprised a multicentre cross‐sectional study of 190 users (≥65 years) of a home care programme provided by primary care centers in Tarragona (Spain), at nutritional risk (Mini Nutritional Assessment: 17–23.5 points). Food consumption was assessed using a semiquantitative validated food frequency questionnaire. Energy intake was compared with the Spanish dietary reference intake (DRI) and nutritional intakes with the DRI of the American Institute of Medicine.ResultsMean (SD) age was 85.0 (7.2) years (67.5% female). The food items consumed were varied but lower than the recommended portions for cereals, fruits, vegetables and legumes. Energy intake was 7454.2 (1553.9 kJ day–1) [1781.6 (371.4) kcal day–1] (97.7% of recommended dietary allowance; RDA) and protein intake was 1.0 (0.4) g kg–1 of weight (121.4% of RDA). Proteins provided 13.3%, carbohydrates provided 39.9% and fats provided 45.8% of energy intake. The intakes of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin E and folates were less than two‐thirds of the RDA and their probability of inadequate intake was >85%.ConclusionsDietary intakes of elderly dependent patients at nutritional risk were well balanced. In general, energy and protein intakes meet the recommendations. The diet was high in energy density, low in complex carbohydrates, high in simple carbohydrates and excessive in fats. The dependent elderly had inadequate intake of micronutrients often related to fragility, such as calcium, vitamin D, vitamin E and folates.
Prediction of adherence to a gluten‐free diet using protection motivation theory among adults with coeliac disease
Authors: Dowd A. J. , Jung M. E. , Chen M. Y. , Beauchamp M. R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundCoeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease that requires strict adherence to a gluten‐free diet. However, strict adherence to a gluten‐free diet is difficult, with findings from a recent review suggesting that up to 42% of individuals with coeliac disease do not eat a strict gluten‐free diet.MethodsThe present study aimed to examine psychosocial predictors of adherence (purposeful and accidental) to a gluten‐free diet among adults with coeliac disease over a 1‐month period. In this longitudinal study, 212 North American adults with coeliac disease completed online questionnaires at two time points, baseline and 1 month later.ResultsThe results revealed that intentions partially mediated the effects of symptom severity, self‐regulatory efficacy, planning and knowledge on purposeful gluten consumption. Intentions did not mediate the effects of severity, response cost, self‐regulatory efficacy, planning and knowledge for accidental gluten consumption but, interestingly, self‐regulatory efficacy directly predicted fewer accidental incidents of gluten‐consumption.ConclusionsThese findings delineate the differential psychological processes in understanding accidental and purposeful gluten consumption among adults with coeliac disease and emphasise the importance of bolstering self‐regulatory efficacy beliefs to prevent accidental and purposeful consumption of gluten.
Periodontal disease in a remote Asian population: association between clinical and microbiological parameters
Authors: Kvarnvik Christine , Söljegård Emelie , Charalampakis Georgios , Suksu‐art Narong , Dahlén Gunnar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to clinically and microbiologically describe the periodontal conditions in a remote adult Asian population with poor oral hygiene.MethodsThe subjects were 30–60‐year‐old adults of Karen Hill tribes with no access to dental care. Eighty‐six subjects were selected randomly. Clinical registrations included number of remaining teeth, plaque index (PlI), bleeding on probing (BoP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Subgingival plaque samples were collected and analyzed with the checkerboard method.ResultsSubjects of the study group had mean number of remaining teeth of 26.5 despite the abundant plaque and a high bleeding score. Severe periodontitis (CAL ≥ 7 mm) was recorded in 12.9% of the youngest age group (30–39 years) while it was significantly higher (52%) in the middle group (40–49 years) and (60%) in the eldest age group (50–60 years). Pathological pocketing (PPD ≥ 7 mm) was significantly lower in all age groups. Age, betel chewing, and a microbiological cluster including at least one of Prevotella tannerae, Filifactor alocis and Porphyromonas endodontalis significantly correlated with the severity of periodontal disease.ConclusionAge, betel chewing, and a new bacterial complex other than the “red complex” correlated to periodontal breakdown in this remote adult Asian population.
Reflexive Organizing for Knowledge Sharing: An Ethnomethodological Study of Service Technicians
Authors: Yamauchi Yutaka 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis study examines how organizing is done reflexively through practice in the context of knowledge sharing. Organizing concerns reduction of equivocality and sensemaking so that actions can be interpreted and coordinated. Reflexivity refers to the fact that this organizing is done through talk, and that talk is an action that requires organizing. To examine how this reflexive organizing is accomplished, detailed analysis of video‐recorded interactions among photocopier service technicians revealed various interactional methods to make actions of requesting and offering assistance understandable and relevant. To explain these methods, Goffman's concept of embedding is applied. By embedding other social situations in the current talk, one can project a certain sense of one's talk. This reflexive organizing clarifies that organizing is part of, not separate from, any practice and that knowledge sharing is accomplished not through a retrospective narrative but through reflexive construction of the situation in which talk is made possible.
Analysing Social Values in Identification; A Framework for Research on the Representation and Implementation of Values
Authors: Menard Rusten 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article contributes to the concept of social values by presenting analytical tools that explore how social values are classified, re‐presented and interpersonally performed in the construction of identities. I approach social values as classificatory systems of acceptability and desirability that are collectively generated. The meanings of social values are embedded in culture and in power imbalanced social relations; they constantly undergo reformulation in identification processes and are also used to define the social order. I suggest that social values can be analysed in relation to aspects of representation and interpersonal positioning that are also involved in the construction of identities: Value classifications involve compartmentalising moral orders into e.g. good, desirable, important, necessary; value projects are concerned with how value classifications and content occupy roles and become oriented to action; and value positioning is concerned with how narrators align with value classifications and projects as well as with individuals and groups seen to share or reject such classifications and projects.
Unionized Labour Market, Unemployment Allowances, Productive Public Expenditure And Endogenous Growth
Authors: Bhattacharyya Chandril , Gupta Manash Ranjan 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAn endogenous growth model with unionised labour market is developed to analyse the interaction between the tax financed productive public expenditure policy and the unemployment benefit policy. We consider both ‘Efficient Bargaining’ model and ‘Right to Manage’ model; and analyse properties of balanced growth rate maximising income tax policy as well as effects of unionisation. This growth rate maximising income tax rate exceeds the competitive output share of the public input in the presence of an unemployment benefit scheme. The growth effect of unionisation in the ‘Efficient Bargaining’ model and in the ‘Right to Manage’ model are different.
Rapid diagnosis of tinea incognito using handheld reflectance confocal microscopy: a paradigm shift in dermatology?
Authors: Navarrete‐Dechent Cristián , Bajaj Shirin , Marghoob Ashfaq A. , Marchetti Michael A. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryDermatophytoses are common skin infections. Traditional diagnostic tests such as skin scrapings for light microscopy examination, fungal cultures and biopsies remain imperfect due to false‐negative test results, cost, time required to perform the procedure, time delays in test results and/or a requirement for an invasive procedure. Herein, we present a case of an 80‐year‐old female whose tinea incognito was non‐invasively diagnosed within seconds using handheld reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). As non‐invasive skin imaging continues to improve, we expect light‐based office microscopy to be replaced with technologies such as RCM, which has multiple and continually expanding diagnostic applications.
Anaemia management and mortality risk in newly visiting patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan: The CKD‐ROUTE study
Authors: Iimori Soichiro , Naito Shotaro , Noda Yumi , Nishida Hidenori , Kihira Hiromi , Yui Naofumi , Okado Tomokazu , Sasaki Sei , Uchida Shinichi , Rai Tatemitsu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between iron deficiency anaemia and mortality risk and assess the changes in anaemia and iron status after primary management by a nephrologist.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we stratified 951 non‐dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) G2–G5 patients newly visiting 16 nephrology centres into four groups according to the presence of anaemia with or without iron deficiency. All‐cause mortality, cardiovascular (CV)‐related mortality, and a change in anaemia and iron status after specialized primary care were the endpoints evaluated.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up time of 19 months, the number of all‐cause deaths and CV‐related deaths were 56 and 26, respectively. Compared with the control group, the groups with isolated anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia had significantly higher all‐cause mortalities (isolated anaemia: hazard ratio (HR), 3.37; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.76–6.44; iron deficiency anaemia: HR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.21–8.01) and CV‐related mortalities (isolated anaemia: HR, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.36–9.73; iron deficiency anaemia: HR, 3.86; 95% CI, 1.11–13.41). In the isolated anaemia group, erythropoietin‐stimulating agent (ESA) prescriptions significantly increased to approximately 70%. However, in patients with both anaemia and iron deficiency, iron prescriptions only increased to 48.1%.ConclusionsIron deficiency anaemia and isolated anaemia were associated with all‐cause and CV‐related mortality. The absence of relative increase in iron prescriptions suggests that iron deficiency should be accurately assessed and iron supplementation should be appropriately used to manage anaemia in non‐dialysis patients with CKD.
Evaluation of uraemic pruritus in long‐term dialysis patients using a modified Chinese scale
Authors: Wang Wei‐Yun , Tarng Der‐Cherng , Chiang Li‐Chi , Chu Chi‐Ming , Wang Kwua‐Yun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimTo examine the reliability and validity of a modified Chinese version of the uraemic pruritus scale for measurement of different degrees of itching, as well as to identify the predictors for the severity of uraemic pruritus among long‐term dialysis patients.MethodsLong‐term dialysis patients (n = 110) were recruited for a cross‐sectional study from a medical centre in Taiwan. A modified Chinese version of the uraemic pruritus scale was used to evaluate sleep disturbance and the severity, frequency and distribution of itching. Reliability was evaluated using item‐total correlations, Cronbach's α, and intra‐class correlation. Validity was evaluated by the content validity index, predictive and discriminative validity. Multiple linear regression was used on the predictors for the severity of uraemic pruritus.ResultsAfter optimization for reliability, the scale retained seven items. The Cronbach's α was 0.86, and the results showed that the scale had predictive and discriminative validity. High intact‐parathyroid hormone and creatinine clearance rate were important predictors for the severity of uraemic pruritus. The severity of uraemic pruritus was the important predictor for the sleeping disturbance.ConclusionThe modified uraemic pruritus scale can discriminate between patients with a total pruritus score of ≥11 and those with a score of 0 points. The modified Chinese scale is a useful tool for clinically assessing the various degrees of itching among long‐term dialysis patients. Our study validates that it could apply to clinical practice in assessment of uraemic pruritus.
Cytokinin concentrations and CHASE‐DOMAIN CONTAINING HIS KINASE 2 (NaCHK2)‐ andNaCHK3‐mediated perception modulate herbivory‐induced defense signaling and defenses inNicotiana attenuata
Authors: Schäfer Martin , Meza‐Canales Ivan D. , Brütting Christoph , Baldwin Ian T. , Meldau Stefan 
Published: April 2015

SummaryHerbivore attack elicits changes in cytokinins (CKs), but how these changes influence defense signaling remains poorly described. We investigated the influence of theCKpathway on the well‐described inducible defense pathways ofNicotiana attenuatain response to wounding with and without elicitors from the specialist herbivoreManduca sexta.CKpathway manipulation often suffers from substantial side effects on plant growth and development. We therefore used multiple manipulation tools including spray application ofCKs, chemically‐inducible expression of theCKbiosynthesis enzyme isopentenyltransferase, and transient and constitutiveRNAi‐mediated gene silencing ofCKreceptors to resolve the function ofCKs in plant defense.The results demonstrated thatCKconcentrations in leaves and perception through CHASE‐DOMAIN CONTAINING HIS KINASE 2 (NaCHK2) andNaCHK3 were important for the accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) and phenolamides and proteinase inhibitor activity. By contrast, theCKpathway did not promote the accumulation of the activeJA‐isoleucine conjugate and negatively regulated the release of specific green leaf volatile esters. Interestingly,CKsignaling also promotes the systemic phenolamide accumulation.We conclude that theCKpathway is an important regulator of herbivory‐inducible defense signaling and chemistry, which expands its reported participation in adjusting a plant's physiology to abiotic and biotic stress responses.
Troubling practices of control: re‐visiting Hannah Arendt's ideas of human action as praxis of the unpredictable
Authors: Kohlen Helen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this article, Hannah Arendt's concept of action will be used to problematize current transformations of the health care sector and examine some responses by ethicists in light of those transformations. The sphere of human interaction that should typify health care work is identified as an action of unpredictable praxis in contrast to controllable procedures and techniques which increasingly take place in the health care sector.
Clinical manifestations and frequency of hypocalcemia in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Fujii Sachiko , Nakanishi Toshio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the evolution of hypocalcemia with age and its associated risk factors in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS) and congenital heart defects.MethodA retrospective review of the medical records of 16 22qDS patients (nine female, seven male; age range, 20.5–43 years) was performed. The frequency of hypocalcemia, as well as the clinical course of the disease and the presence of other phenotypes, were investigated.ResultsTen of the 16 patients (62.5%) had a history of hypocalcemia. Among the 10 patients, the first onset of hypocalcemia occurred in the following developmental periods: neonatal stage, n = 1; early childhood, n = 3; late childhood, n = 2; adolescence, n = 2; and adulthood, n = 2. Neonatal hypocalcemia was observed in one patient, but it was transient. Two patients had sustained hypocalcemia after cardiac surgery. Hypocalcemia in one patient was transient following cardiac surgery, but it recurred during early adulthood. One patient developed hypocalcemia at 43 years of age. Thymus defect tended to be correlated with history of hypocalcemia (P = 0.09). This condition was often transient (60%) and was triggered by physical stress, such as intracardiac surgery.ConclusionIn 22qDS patients, hypocalcemia was often mild and transient during childhood, but it may recur in adulthood. Routine clinical measurement of serum calcium is recommended, particularly in 22qDS patients with thymic defect or in patients who are under physical stress.
Electroencephalogram valid rate in simple reaction time task as an easy index of children's attention functions
Authors: Liao Yu‐Chi , Guo Nai‐Wen , Lei Seng‐Hang , Fang Jhih‐Hong , Chen Jia‐Jin , Su Bei‐Yi , Chen Shin‐Jaw , Tsai Hsing‐Fang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundElectroencephalogram (EEG) signal artifacts occur often in children, but an EEG valid rate (VR), constructed by excluding the artifacts, might be meaningful to evaluate children's neuropsychological functions. The aim of this study was to develop an easy screening index, the EEGVR, and to investigate attention function in children using this index.MethodsThe EEG was carried out during a 4 min simple reaction time (SRT) task as standard procedure in 50 children, consisting of 26 with attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; mean age, 9.8 years; range, 8–11.3 years) and 24 without (mean age, 10.1 years; range, 7.8–12 years). An easy index was derived from the valid rate (VR) of EEG using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The index was applied to regroup the 50 children into high VR (HVR) and low VR (LVR) groups, while the Comprehensive Non‐verbal Attention Test (CNAT) and four behavioral questionnaires were compared between the two groups in order to investigate the validity of this index.ResultsThe EEGVR at 75% was optimal to identify HVR and LVR (sensitivity, 0.769; specificity, 0.792). The LVR group had significantly lower scores on both CNAT and the behavioral questionnaires, although the demographic variables and full‐scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) were similar between the two groups.ConclusionsThe EEGVR in an SRT task might be an easy and effective index to screen the attention function of children, and could consequently contribute to the early diagnosis of ADHD.
Is the Production of Embryos in Small‐Scale Farming an Economically Feasible Enterprise?
Authors: Sánchez Z , Lammoglia MA , Alarcón MA , Romero JJ , Galina CS 
Published: April 2015

ContentThe present assay attempts to evaluate the feasibility of using embryo transfer in small community farmers by in vivo study and by modelling the results obtained. From the total of 59 donor cows, 62.7% responded to treatment, with a significant difference (p = 0.002) in the percentage of the response between breeds, being 90.5% (19/21) in Holstein and 47.4% (18/38) in Brahman. A total of 283 embryos were graded as transferable, while 141 as non‐transferable, without difference in the percentage of transferable embryo by breed (p = 0.18). The mean of transferable embryos graded as class I and II was not different between Holstein and Brahman (p = 0.96 and p = 0.92, respectively); besides, no differences were observed in the other grades (non‐transferable). The highest difference in costs, regardless of its quality by breed, was seen in the lower levels of probable fertility of the embryo transferred, even reaching several hundred dollars. When modelling the expected costs for embryo produced and transferred, values can reach nearly $2000.00 when the probable fertility is only 10%. However, when the probable fertility was 60%, embryo cost was close to $300.00. This technology seems to be viable on average or high‐scale systems, having a superovulatory response between 60 and 80% with 4–6 transferrable embryos. Yet, in small‐scale farming, due to the reduced number of donors and/or recipients, the costs surpass the economical feasibility of the technique.
Patients’ decisional control over care: a cross‐national comparison from both the patients’ and nurses’ points of view
Authors: Papastavrou Evridiki , Efstathiou Georgios , Tsangari Haritini , Karlou Chryssoula , Patiraki Elisabeth , Jarosova Darja , Balogh Zoltan , Merkouris Anastasios , Suhonen Riitta 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundPatients’ decisional control over care is the ability or power for patients to decide what their involvement will be in healthcare decisions. There is evidence of limited agreement between the perceptions of patients and the perceptions of nurses and/or caregivers with regard to the degree of patient involvement in the planning and performance of their care.AimTo analyse and compare patients’ and nurses’ perceptions of patients’ decisional control over their own care.MethodA multisite cross‐sectional comparative survey design was employed. Data were collected from hospitalised surgical inpatients (n = 1315) and their caregivers (n = 960 nurses) in five European countries. The Individualised Care Scale part B was used for collecting data from both the patients and nurses. Ethical standards were followed throughout the study.ResultsSignificant between‐country differences were found between patients and nurses. In all countries, both patients and nurses regarded that decisional control over care had been actualised (ICS‐B: M = 3.75–4.47 and 3.48–4.33, respectively), but there were significant differences in their perceptions regarding four of the six items of the decisional control factor of the ICS‐B.ConclusionsThe results show that there are disparities between patients’ and nurses’ perceptions of patient involvement in care, probably due to cultural issues that need further exploration.Clinical relevanceThe disparities between patients’ and nurses’ perceptions on patients’ decisional control over their care should be taken into consideration as a potential cause of patient dissatisfaction with nursing care.
Increasing Validity by Recombining Existing Indices: MIPEX as a Measure of Citizenship Models*
Authors: Ruedin Didier 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveResearchers often reuse existing data and indices even in cases where theory demands different measures. Here, I argue that with little additional effort, it is possible to increase the validity of research by recombining individual indicators of existing indices.MethodsThis approach is demonstrated by using data from the widely used Migration Integration Policy Index (MIPEX), recombining some of the 148 indicators to approximate Koopmans et al.'s () two‐dimensional conception of citizenship models.ResultsThe recombined MIPEX data match the desired conception of citizenship models and can be applied to all countries covered in the MIPEX. For the first time theoretically predicted ethnic‐pluralistic citizenship models (segregationism) are observed.ConclusionThe approach presented can be applied to different data and research questions, leading to research making use of more appropriate data that match specific research rather than relying on what is readily available—thus increasing validity.