bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating word recognition in intercomprehension: Methods and findings
Authors: Möller Robert , Zeevaert Ludger 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article presents methods and findings from research on factors that determine the recognizability of cognate words in Germanic intercomprehension (more precisely: German speakers' reading comprehension in Germanic languages they have not learnt). Different types of written tests were carried out (free response, multiple choice, judgments on the probability of two words being cognates) in order to assess the importance of different aspects of linguistic similarity for the transparency of written cognates. Apart from the overall amount of differing segments of the cognate words, phonetic similarity between the differing segments – in particular an identical place of articulation – turned out to be most important, which can reflect either a spontaneous sense of similarity or familiarity with phenomena of variation between phonetically similar sounds. By adjusting similarity measuring to these results (weighted Levenshtein distance), it is possible, to a certain degree, to assess the transparency of cognates. Nevertheless, certain results could not be explained by phonetic similarity. Thus, recordings were made of subjects commenting on their way of proceeding in such tasks as well as in text decoding, which made clear that the subjects often attribute the same importance to other associations as they do to phonetic ones – even in the recognition of isolated words semantic connections in the mental lexicon are involved. In text context, the most frequent strategy seems to rely on an interplay of phonetic similarity and inference; however, in the subjects' reflections, the aspect of semantic probability manifestly overrides intuitions about phonetic similarity.
Geography, Writing System and History of Ancient Civilizations
Authors: Mo Pak Hung 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We find an undiscovered effect of geography on the choices of writing system in ancient civilizations that in turn drive their courses of historical evolution. The history of the ancient civilizations was driven by the causation spirals generated by the writing system chosen by their ancient ancestors. Understanding the mechanism can enlighten our present political choices that in turn determine the future course of humankind evolution. It can also inspire us about the clue to build an inclusive global society that can integrate the cumulative knowledge, ideas and technology of the diverse speech-communities in the world for a better quality of living for all.
Self-trapping of charge polarized states in four-dot molecular quantum cellular automata: bi-electronic tetrameric mixed-valence species
Authors: Tsukerblat Boris , Palii Andrew , Clemente-Juan Juan Modesto 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Our interest in this article is prompted by the problem of the vibronic self-trapping of charge polarized states in the four-dot molecular quantum cellular automata (mQCA), a paradigm for nanoelectronics, in which binary information is encoded in charge configuration of the mQCA cell. We report the evaluation of the electronic states and the adiabatic potentials of mixed-valence (MV) systems in which two electrons (or holes) are shared among four sites. These systems are exemplified by the two kinds of tetra–ruthenium (2Ru(II)+ 2Ru(III)) clusters (assembled as two coupled Creutz–Taube dimers) for which molecular implementation of mQCA was proposed. The tetra–ruthenium clusters include two holes shared among four sites and correspondingly we employ the model which takes into account the electron transfer processes as well as the Coulomb repulsion in the different instant positions of localization. The vibronic self-trapping is considered within the conventional vibronic Piepho, Krausz and Schatz (PKS) model adapted to the bi-electronic MV species with the square topology. This leads to a complicated vibronic problems (21
A
1g
+ 1
B
1g
+ 1
B
2g
+ 1
E

u
) ⊗ (b
1g
+ e

u
) and (3
A
2g
+ 3
B
1g
+ 23
E

u
) ⊗ (b
1g
+ e

u
) for spin-singlet and spin-triplet states correspondingly. The adiabatic potentials are evaluated with account for the low lying Coulomb levels in which the antipodal sites are occupied, the case just actual for utilization in mQCA. The conditions for the vibronic localization in spin-singlet and spin-triplet states are revealed in terms of the two actual transfer pathways parameters and strength of the vibronic coupling.
Limit Cycles of Nonlinear Oscillator Equations with Absolute Value by Means of the Homotopy Analysis Method
Authors: Cui Jifeng , Lin Zhiliang , Zhao Yinlong 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
An analytic approach based on the homotopy analysis method is proposed to obtain the limit cycles of highly nonlinear oscillating equations with absolute value terms. The non-smoothness of the absolute value terms is handled by means of an iteration approach with Fourier expansion. Two typical examples are employed to illustrate the validity and flexibility of this approach. It has general meanings and thus can be used to solve many other highly nonlinear oscillating systems with this kind of non-smoothness.
Multicenter Development, Implementation, and Patient Safety Impacts of a Simulation-Based Module to Teach Handovers to Pediatric Residents
Authors: Johnson David P. , Zimmerman Kanecia , Staples Betty , McGann Kathleen A. , Frush Karen , Turner David A. 
Published: March 2015

Objective:
Teaching and evaluation of handovers are important requirements of graduate medical education (GME), but well-defined and effective methods have not been clearly established. Case-based computer simulations provide potential methods to teach, evaluate, and practice handovers.

Methods:
Case-based computer simulation modules were developed. In these modules, trainees care for a virtual patient in a time-lapsed session, followed by real-time synthesis and handover of the clinical information to a partner who uses this information to continue caring for the same patient in a simulated night scenario, with an observer tallying included handover components. The process culminates with evaluator feedback and structured handover education. Surveys were used before and after module implementation to allow the interns to rate the quality of handover provided and record rapid responses and transfers to the ICU.

Results:
Fifty-two pediatric and medicine/pediatric residents from 2 institutions participated in the modules. “Anticipatory guidance” elements of the handover were the most frequently excluded (missing at least 1 component in 77% of module handovers). There were no significant differences in the proportion of nights with rapid response calls (7.24% vs 12.79%, P = .052) or transfers to the ICU (7.76% vs 11.27%, P = .21) before and after module implementation.

Conclusions:
Case-based, computer-simulation modules are an easily implemented and generalizable mechanism for handover education and assessment. Although significant improvements in patient safety outcomes were not seen as a result of the educational module alone, novel techniques of this nature may supplement handover bundles that have been demonstrated to improve patient safety.
Improving Resident Handoffs for Children Transitioning From the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Warrick Denise , Gonzalez-del-Rey Javier , Hall Dawn , Statile Angela , White Christine , Simmons Jeffrey , Wong Sue Poynter 
Published: March 2015

Background and Objective:
Handoffs ensure patient safety during patient care transitions in the hospital setting. At our institution, verbal handoffs communicated by resident physicians are suggested practice for patients transferring from the PICU to the hospital medicine (HM) service. Despite their importance, these verbal handoffs occurred only 76% of the time before patient arrival on HM units. Our goal was to increase the completion rate of verbal handoffs to 100% within 5 months.

Methods:
Baseline data were collected in a daily survey of HM residents. Interventions were developed and tested on small, incremental change cycles. Key interventions included education about the importance of handoffs, standardization of the handoff process, standardization of handoff documentation, and identification and mitigation of handoff documentation failures. We tracked handoff completion rates by using statistical control charts. After success with improving the completion rate of patient handoffs to the HM service, we applied our process to handoffs from the PICU to all inpatient services.

Results:
Median completion of verbal patient handoff increased from 76% to 100% within 6 weeks, with improvement sustained for 15 months. Physician compliance with electronic medical record documentation increased from 58% to 94% within 8 months. After spreading to all patients transferring out of the PICU, documentation of patient handoffs increased from 76% to 94% in 5 months.

Conclusions:
A system using improvement science methods was successful in increasing the reliability of resident verbal patient handoffs. Consistent documentation and internal redundancy with checklists were associated with sustained improvement.
Nano-Encapsulation of Glucose Oxidase Dimer by Graphene
Authors: Ghoshdastider Umesh , Wu Rongliang , Trzaskowski Bartosz , Mlynarczyk Krzysztof , Miszta Przemyslaw , Gurusaran Manickam , Viswanathan Sowmya , Renugopalakrishnan Venkatesan , Filipek Slawomir 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTUsing all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in water environment, it was possible to demonstrate spontaneous and tight encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOx) dimer by graphene 7 nm x 7 nm sheets linked together by linkers of different width and forming a flower-like or cross-like shapes. The partially overlapping graphene sheets compacted the structure of GOx dimer, bringing the monomers much closer to one another. We found that the most complete wrapping of the enzyme was achieved for the cross-like graphene. Encapsulation can be a useful way to obtain a large contact surface. However, an exceptionally tight binding by the graphene can also influence the positions of amino acids in the enzyme binding site resulting in less efficient catalytic reaction. Furthermore, such extensive encapsulation could block the access of the substrate to the active site of the enzyme. Contrary, a partial encapsulation by graphene using nano-sheets caused only small distortions of GOx structure while the contact surface with graphene was high.
Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy on W-based Spin-Orbit Torque CoFeB | MgO MRAM Stacks
Authors: Kaidatzis Andreas , Psycharis Vasileios , García-Martín José Miguel , Bran Cristina , Vázquez Manuel , Niarchos Dimitrios 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWe study W | Ta | CoFeB | MgO stacks for spin-orbit torque MRAM applications. A strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is obtained after annealing for CoFeB layer thickness of 0.9 nm or 1.2 nm and for specific W/Ta ratios, were the Ta layer thickness is between 0.3 nm and 1 nm. Furthermore, the desired high-spin orbit coupling β-phase of W is preserved even after annealing at 350°C. We argue that an efficient B getter, like Ta, is necessary for the coherent crystallization of the CoFeB | MgO interface that allows for the establishment of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy Characterization and Computational Modeling of Gadolinium Nitride Thin Films Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Gernhart Zane C. , Colón Santana Juan A. , Wang Lu , Mei Wai-Ning , Cheung Chin Li 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTHere we report our study of the electronic properties of [100]-textured gadolinium nitride (GdN) thin films synthesized using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The electronic properties of the films were investigated using photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopy coupled with computational modeling. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the theoretically predicted half-metallic electronic structure of GdN is likely due to its low density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level. These calculations are supported by our photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopic measurements which show a band gap for the prepared films of a few milli-electron volts, seemingly consistent with the predicted electronic structure. Additionally, the use of a CVD gallium nitride capping layer was found to decelerate the surface oxidation of our GdN samples.
Stability and Performance of Heterogeneous Anode Assemblies of Silicon Nanowires on Carbon Meshes for Lithium-Sulfur Battery Applications
Authors: Krause Andreas , Brueckner Jan , Doerfler Susanne , Wisser Florian M. , Althues Holger , Grube Matthias , Martin Jan , Grothe Julia , Mikolajick Thomas , Weber Walter M. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTSi is a promising anode material for Li storage due to its high theoretical specific capacity surpassing 4200 Ah/kg. Si based anodes exhibit an extreme instability upon electrochemical incorporation of Li given the accompanied large volume expansion of about 400%. We show innovative anode assemblies composed of a forest of free standing Si nanowires conformally integrated on carbon meshes. The morphology of silicon nanowires allows a volume expansion and compression lowering strain incorporation. In this paper, we demonstrate the utilization of SiNW grown on top of a current collector made of a carbon fiber network. This leads to an increase of stability of Si with a remaining effective capacitance above 2000 Ah/kg(Si) after 225 full charge/discharge cycles. This is significantly better compared to previous results shown in literature. The anodes are fabricated by a simple and inexpensive method promising for a transfer into industrial integration.
A Struggle Within: The Case Study of Kenneth
Authors: Allen Joy L. 
Published: March 2015

Music therapy is unique in its ability to address physical issues such as pain along with emotional and spiritual issues faced when living with a chronic illness. This case study describes in-patient music therapy sessions with Kenneth, a 31-year-old man diagnosed with Burkett’s lymphoma and HIV. A biopsychosocial approach was taken throughout the seven months of recurrent music therapy sessions, focused on pain management, emotional and spiritual healing., and family dynamics. Phases in the treatment process with Kenneth and his family are described along with personal thoughts and feelings of the therapist. As working with medical patients is often supportive in nature, boundaries can become fluid. The inherent parallel process became a powerful tool to facilitate awareness and healing for both client and therapist.
Conventional and Advanced Oxidation Processes Used in Disinfection of Treated Urban Wastewater
Authors: Rodríguez‐Chueca J. , Ormad M. P. , Mosteo R. , Sarasa J. , Ovelleiro J. L. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the current study is to compare the inactivation of Escherichia coli in wastewater effluents using conventional treatments (chlorination) and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as UV irradiation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/solar irradiation, and photo‐Fenton processes. In addition, an analysis of the operational costs of each treatment is carried out taking into account the optimal dosages of chemicals used. Total inactivation of bacteria (7.5 log) was achieved by means of chlorination and UV irradiation. However, bacterial regrowth was observed 6 hours after the completion of UV treatment, obtaining a disinfection value around 3 to 4 log. On the other hand, the combination H2O2/solar irradiation achieved a maximum inactivation of E. coli of 3.30 ± 0.35 log. The photo‐Fenton reaction achieved a level of inactivation of 4.87 ± 0.10 log. The order of disinfection, taking into account the reagent/cost ratio of each treatment, is as follows: chlorination > UV irradiation > photo‐Fenton > H2O2/sunlight irradiation.
Survival of Biofilm‐Associated Legionella pneumophila Exposed to Various Stressors
Authors: Vatansever Cansu , Türetgen Irfan 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Biofilm is crucial for the multiplication and survival of Legionella pneumophila. The survival after different stressors of biofilm‐associated L. pneumophila was evaluated during 150 days in this study. Mixed biofilms were allowed to develop on coupons in a biofilm reactor, which was experimentally infected with L. pneumophila. A dose of 2 ppm of monochloramine was found ineffective to kill younger (60 days) biofilm‐associated L. pneumophila, whereas shock treatment (500 and 1000 ppm) was found to be significantly successful, as expected. Also, short exposure to 60 °C was insufficient to kill all young L. pneumophila within biofilms. A significant amount of young L. pneumophila bacteria also resisted pH 11 and 3 molar salt solution. No significant change was observed after exposure to 4 °C, ultra pure water and pH 5. Interestingly, L. pneumophila bacteria in biofilm became more sensitive after 90 days.
A discrete dislocation technique for fatigue microcracks (Part III)
Authors: Močilnik Vinko , Gubeljak Nenad 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In accordance with the method of discrete dislocations, an explanation of the reasons for the increase in lifetime of torsion subjected specimens is given. The lifetime of the specimens was increased by means of pre-stress compression in the axial direction. The increase in service life of axial pre-stressed mechanical parts fatigued by torsion or a combination of torsion and bending is explained by the method of discrete dislocations, which will be discussed in detail in this study.
Failure of porcelain coated heating elements used in regenerative air preheaters
Authors: Pongsaksawad Wanida , Kaewkumsai Siam , Sorachot Sikharin , Viyanit Ekkarut 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Sulfuric acid dew point corrosion is still a matter of concern with respect to early failure of heating elements used for air preheating in thermal power plants. Therefore, corrosion protection by means of porcelain enamel coatings is widely used. However, insufficient protective properties of the coating can result in a drastic decrease in service life. In the present study, failure analysis was comparatively performed on damaged heating elements showing different degrees of damage after approximately 1.5 years in service in a thermal power plant. The analytical results indicated that a lower degree of damage was observed for the heating element having higher content of silica. The protective properties of coatings decreased with the increasing pore density formed in the coating layer. The heating element coated with a harder porcelain layer was less severely attacked.
Charring rate of timbers in terms of size, layer material and fire class evaluated by the Taguchi method
Authors: Altin Mustafa 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This publication is focused on the fire performance of different wood materials to determine the charring rate. For this purpose, L27(313) Taguchi orthogonal design was used for the derivation of the parameter combinations. A total of 108 timber specimens made of 3 different natural timber types having 3 different sizes had been coated with fire retardant varnish and boron impregnation. Specimens were tested for three different fire classes and temperatures. The values of charring rate were obtained from fire tests according to the orthogonal design. Obtained results were analyzed using the signal-to-noise ratio, analysis of variance methods and 3D surface plots. It was concluded that the type of timber and specimen section are the most significant factors affecting the charring rate. The second significant factor affecting the charring rate was found to be the duration and temperature of fire. Lastly, coating material is the third important factor influencing the charring rate.
The Role of Metallography in the Development and Characterization of High-Performance Materials
Authors: Mayer S. , Hawranek G. , Mendez-Martin F. , Panzenböck M. , Pölzl S. , Primig S. , Rashkova B. , Clemens H. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing of the Montanuniversität Leoben combines research and development activities in the field of high-performance materials. The Department's methodology and expertise is completed by a national and international network of research institutions and industrial partners. This synergetic approach to complex topics is one of the cornerstones of international visibility and competitiveness of the Department's research work.
Ipilimumab and craniotomy in patients with melanoma and brain metastases: a case series
Authors: Jones Pamela S. , Cahill Daniel P. , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Flaherty Keith T. , Curry William T. 
Published: March 2015

OBJECT
In patients with large or symptomatic brain lesions from metastatic melanoma, the value of resection of metastases to facilitate administration of systemic ipilimumab therapy has not yet been described. The authors undertook this study to investigate whether craniotomy creates the opportunity for patients to receive and benefit from ipilimumab who would otherwise succumb to brain metastasis prior to the onset of regression.

METHODS
All patients with metastatic melanoma who received ipilimumab and underwent craniotomy for metastasis resection between 2008 and 2014 at the Massachusetts General Hospital were identified through retrospective chart review. The final analysis included cases involving patients who underwent craniotomy within 3 months prior to initiation of therapy or up to 6 months after cessation of ipilimumab administration.

RESULTS
Twelve patients met the inclusion criteria based on timing of therapy (median age 59.2). The median number of metastases at the time of craniotomy was 2. The median number of ipilimumab doses received was 4. Eleven of 12 courses of ipilimumab were stopped for disease progression, and 1 was stopped for treatment-induced colitis. Eight of 12 patients had improvement in their performance status following craniotomy. Of the 6 patients requiring corticosteroids prior to craniotomy, 3 tolerated corticosteroid dose reduction after surgery. Ten of 12 patients had died by the time of data collection, with 1 patient lost to follow-up. The median survival after the start of ipilimumab treatment was 7 months.

CONCLUSIONS
In this series, patients who underwent resection of brain metastases in temporal proximity to receiving ipilimumab had qualitatively improved performance status following surgery in most cases. Surgery facilitated corticosteroid reduction in select patients. Larger analyses are required to better understand possible synergies between craniotomy for melanoma metastases and ipilimumab treatment.