bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining gravitational wave velocities using gravitational and electromagnetic wave observations of white dwarf binaries
Authors: Cao Tian-Yong , Kumar Ankit , Yi Shu-Xu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Although the general theory of relativity (GR) predicts that gravitational waves (GWs) have exactly the same propagation velocity as electromagnetic (EM) waves, many theories of gravity beyond GR expect otherwise. Accurate measurement of the difference in their propagation speed, or a tight constraint on it, could be crucial to validate or put limits on theories beyond GR. The proposed future space-borne GW detectors are poised to detect a substantial number of Galactic white dwarf binaries (GWDBs), which emit the GW as semimonochromatic signals. Concurrently, these GWDBs can also be identified as optical variable sources. Here we proposed that allocating a GWDB’s optical light curve and contemporaneous GW signal can be used to trace the difference between the velocity of GW and EM waves. Simulating GW and EM wave data from 14 verification binaries (VBs), our method constrains propagation-originated phase differences, limiting the discrepancy between the speed of light (c) and GW ($c_{GW}$). Through the utilization of LISA’s design sensitivity and the current precision in optical observation on GWDB, our study reveals that a four-year observation of the 14 recognized VBs results in a joint constraint that confines $\Delta c/c$ ($\Delta c = c_{\mathrm{GW}} - c$) to the range of $-2.1\times 10^{-12}$ and $4.8\times 10^{-12}$. Additionally, by incorporating this constraint on $c_{\mathrm{GW}}$, we are able to establish boundaries for the mass of the graviton, limiting it to $m_{\mathrm{g}}\le 3\times 10^{-23}\, e\mathrm{V}\,c^{-2}$, and for the parameter associated with local Lorentz violation, $\bar{s}_{00}$, constrained within the range of $-3.4\times 10^{-11}\le \bar{s}_{00}\le 1.5\times 10^{-11}$.
A two-phase model of galaxy formation – II. The size–mass relation of dynamically hot galaxies
Authors: Chen Yangyao , Mo Houjun , Wang Huiyuan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
In Paper-I, we developed a two-phase model to connect dynamically hot galaxies (such as ellipticals and bulges) with the formation of self-gravitating gas clouds (SGCs) associated with the fast assembly of dark matter haloes. Here, we explore the implications of the model for the size–stellar mass relation of dynamically hot galaxies. Star-forming sub-clouds resulting from the fragmentation of the turbulent SGC inherit its spatial structure and dynamical hotness, producing a ‘homologous’ relation, $r_{\rm f}\approx \, 100\, r_{\rm bulge}$, between the size of a dynamically hot galaxy ($r_{\rm bulge}$) and that of its host halo assembled in the fast regime ($r_{\rm f}$), independent of redshift and halo mass. This relation is preserved by the ‘dry’ expansion driven by dynamical heating when a galaxy becomes gas-poor due to inefficient cooling, and is frozen due to the stop of bulge growth during the slow assembly regime of the halo. The size–stellar mass relation is thus a simple combination of the galaxy–halo homology and the non-linear stellar mass–halo mass relation. Using a set of halo assembly histories, we reproduce all properties in the observed size–mass relation of dynamically hot galaxies, including the flattening in the low-mass end and the upturn in the massive end. The prediction matches observational data currently available to $z \approx 4$, and can be tested in the future at higher z. Our results indicate that the sizes of dynamically hot galaxies are produced by the dissipation and collapse of gas in haloes to establish SGCs in which stars form.
Numerical relativity simulations of black hole and relativistic jet formation
Authors: Kuroda Takami , Shibata Masaru 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigate impacts of stellar rotation and magnetic fields on black hole (BH) formation and its subsequent explosive activities, by conducting axisymmetric radiation-magnetohydrodynamics simulations of gravitational collapse of a 70 $\mathrm{M}_\odot$ star with two-moment multi energy neutrino transport in full general relativity for the first time. Due to its dense stellar structure, all models cannot avoid the eventual BH formation even though a strongly magnetized model experiences the so-called magnetorotational explosion prior to the BH formation. One intriguing phenomenon observed in the strongly magnetized model is the formation of a relativistic jet in the post-BH formation. The relativistic jet is the outcome of a combination of strong magnetic fields and low-density materials above the BH. The jet further enhances the explosion energy beyond $\sim 10^{52}$ erg, which is well exceeding the gravitational overburden ahead of the shock. Our self-consistent supernova models demonstrate that rotating magnetized massive stars at the high-mass end of supernova progenitors could be a potential candidate of hypernova and long gamma-ray burst progenitors.
Ribosomal protein RPL39L is an efficiency factor in the cotranslational folding of a subset of proteins with alpha helical domains
Authors: Banerjee Arka , Ataman Meric , Smialek Maciej Jerzy , Mookherjee Debdatto , Rabl Julius , Mironov Aleksei , Mues Lea , Enkler Ludovic , Coto-Llerena Mairene , Schmidt Alexander , Boehringer Daniel , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Spang Anne , Mittal Nitish , Zavolan Mihaela 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Increasingly many studies reveal how ribosome composition can be tuned to optimally translate the transcriptome of individual cell types. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern, structure within the ribosome and effect on protein synthesis of the ribosomal protein paralog 39L (RPL39L). With a novel mass spectrometric approach we revealed the expression of RPL39L protein beyond mouse germ cells, in human pluripotent cells, cancer cell lines and tissue samples. We generated RPL39L knock-out mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) lines and demonstrated that RPL39L impacts the dynamics of translation, to support the pluripotency and differentiation, spontaneous and along the germ cell lineage. Most differences in protein abundance between WT and RPL39L KO lines were explained by widespread autophagy. By CryoEM analysis of purified RPL39 and RPL39L-containing ribosomes we found that, unlike RPL39, RPL39L has two distinct conformations in the exposed segment of the nascent peptide exit tunnel, creating a distinct hydrophobic patch that has been predicted to support the efficient co-translational folding of alpha helices. Our study shows that ribosomal protein paralogs provide switchable modular components that can tune translation to the protein production needs of individual cell types.
Decoding ribosome complexity: role of ribosomal proteins in cancer and disease
Authors: Fuentes Pedro , Pelletier Joffrey , Gentilella Antonio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The ribosome is a remarkably complex machinery, at the interface with diverse cellular functions and processes. Evolutionarily conserved, yet intricately regulated, ribosomes play pivotal roles in decoding genetic information into the synthesis of proteins and in the generation of biomass critical for cellular physiological functions. Recent insights have revealed the existence of ribosome heterogeneity at multiple levels. Such heterogeneity extends to cancer, where aberrant ribosome biogenesis and function contribute to oncogenesis. This led to the emergence of the concept of ‘onco-ribosomes’, specific ribosomal variants with altered structural dynamics, contributing to cancer initiation and progression. Ribosomal proteins (RPs) are involved in many of these alterations, acting as critical factors for the translational reprogramming of cancer cells. In this review article, we highlight the roles of RPs in ribosome biogenesis, how mutations in RPs and their paralogues reshape the translational landscape, driving clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, we present recent evidence providing new insights into post-translational modifications of RPs, such as ubiquitylation, UFMylation and phosphorylation, and how they regulate ribosome recycling, translational fidelity and cellular stress responses. Understanding the intricate interplay between ribosome complexity, heterogeneity and RP-mediated regulatory mechanisms in pathology offers profound insights into cancer biology and unveils novel therapeutic avenues targeting the translational machinery in cancer.
Predicting COVID 19–Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis Risk in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Moni Merlin , Sathyapalan Dipu T , Edathadathil Fabia , Razak M Abdul , Nair Sivapriya G , Nair Chithira V , Samban Swathy S , Prasanna Preetha , Kulirankal Kiran G , Purushothaman Shyam Sundar , Gutjahr Georg , Ying Jiang , John Teny M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a life-threatening fungal infection. Studies focusing on CAPA in low- and middle-income countries are limited.

Methods
This retrospective matched case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care center in South India. Cases of CAPA were classified using the 2020 European Confederation of Medical Mycology/International Society for Human and Animal Mycology consensus criteria. A total of 95 cases were matched 1:1 with COVID-19 patients without CAPA. Matching was done based on age and period of admission. Inverse probability weighting was used to account for imbalances in COVID-19 severity and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Data on demographics, clinical details, microbiologic and radiologic data, and treatment outcomes were collected. A predictive score for CAPA was developed from baseline risk factors.

Results
The predictive score identified lymphopenia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk factors, and broad-spectrum antibiotic use as the main risk factors for CAPA. Positivity for bacterial pathogens in blood or bronchoalveolar lavage samples reduced the risk of CAPA. The predictive model performed well in cross-validation, with an area under the curve value of 82%. CAPA diagnosis significantly increased mortality and shift to ICU.

Conclusions
The predictive model derived from the current study offers a valuable tool for clinicians, especially in high-endemic low- and middle-income countries, for the early identification and treatment of CAPA. With further validation, this risk score could improve patient outcomes.
Diffraction modelling of a 2023 March 5 stellar occultation by subkilometer-sized asteroid (98943) 2001 CC21
Authors: Arimatsu Ko , Yoshida Fumi , Hayamizu Tsutomu , Ida Miyoshi , Hashimoto George L , Abe Takashi , Akitaya Hiroshi , Aratani Akari , Fukuda Hidekazu , Fujita Yasuhide , Fujiwara Takao , Horikawa Toshihiro , Iihoshi Tamio , Imamura Kazuyoshi , Imazawa Ryo , Kasebe Hisashi , Kawasaki Ryosuke , Kishimoto Hiroshi , Mishima Kazuhisa , Miyachi Machiko , Mizutani Masanori , Nakajima Maya , Nakatani Hiroyoshi , Okamura Kazuhiko , Okanobu Misaki , Okuda Masataka , Suzuki Yuji , Tatsumi Naoto , Uno Masafumi , Yamamura Hidehito , Yasue Mikoto , Yoshihara Hideki , Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Yoshikawa Makoto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present an analysis of a stellar occultation event caused by a near-Earth asteroid (98943) 2001 CC21, an upcoming flyby target in the Hayabusa2 extended mission, on 2023 March 5. To determine the asteroid’s shape from diffraction-affected light curves accurately, we developed a novel data-reduction technique named the Diffracted Occultation’s United Simulator for Highly Informative Transient Explorations (DOUSHITE). Using DOUSHITE-generated synthetic models, we derived constraints on (98943) 2001 CC21’s shadow shape from the single-chord occultation data. Our results suggest a significant elongation of the shadow with an axis ratio of $b/a = 0.37\pm 0.09$. This shape could be crucial for planning Hayabusa2’s high-speed flyby to optimise the limited imaging opportunities.
Labor unions, work contexts, and workers’ access to work–family policies
Authors: Paek Eunjeong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Unions serve as primary labor market institutions that improve employees’ working conditions, yet existing literature offers mixed results of their influence on workers’ access to work–family policies. This may be partially due to the extant literature having not considered possible variation across work contexts. In this study, I ask whether union coverage can increase workers’ access to work–family policies and examine how family-friendly work contexts—public sector organizations and female-dominated occupations—can modify these union effects in the United States. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 97 (2000–2017) and individual-fixed effect models, I analyze the impact of transitioning from a nonunion worker to a union-represented worker on the worker’s access to three work–family policies: paid parental leave, schedule control, and paid sick/vacation days. Results show that changing from a nonunion position to a union-represented one increases workers’ access to paid parental leave and paid sick/vacation days but decreases access to schedule control. The findings also show that workers in public sector organizations and female-dominated occupations tend to experience outsized benefits of union coverage on access to longer paid sick/vacation days. These findings suggest that the advantages of union coverage in workers’ access to work–family policies may be influenced by gendered work contexts.
Preventive medicine in obstructive sleep apnea—a systematic review and a call to action
Authors: Correa Eduardo J , Conti Diego M , Gozal David , O’Connor-Reina Carlos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the modifiable risk factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and analyze extant publications solely focused on prevention of the disease.

Methods
Studies focused on prevention strategies for OSA and modifiable risk factors were eligible for inclusion. A detailed individual search strategy for each of the following bibliographic databases was developed: Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and LILACS. The references cited in these articles were also crosschecked and a partial gray literature search was undertaken using Google Scholar. The methodology of selected studies was evaluated using the 14-item Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies.

Results
Search resulted in 720 publications examining risk factors and prevention of OSA, as well as lifestyle modifications. Of these, a thorough assessment of the abstracts and content of each of these manuscripts led to the rejection of all but four papers, the latter being included in this systematic review. In contrast, a search regarding “Therapeutics” showed that 23 674 articles on OSA were published, clearly illustrating the imbalance between the efforts in prevention and those focused on therapeutics.

Conclusions
Notwithstanding the importance and benefits of technological advances in medicine, consideration of the needs of people with OSA and its consequences prompts advocacy for the prevention of the disease. Thus, despite the economic interests that focus only on diagnosis and treatment, strategies preferentially aimed at overall avoidance of OSA emerge as a major priority. Thus, public and healthcare provider education, multidimensional prevention, and early diagnosis of OSA should be encouraged worldwide.
Longer-term effect of physical activity intervention on sleep quality: a secondary analysis of cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Xianlan , Ye Qin , Liu Qianqian , Peng Jie , Li Nanyan , Deng Qian , Hu Julinling , Yong Chan , Li Shiyi , Wang Yufei , Zhu Jingjie , Zhao Xing , Zhou Junmin 
Published: July 2024

Abstracts

Study Objectives
To examine the longer-term effect of physical activity (PA) intervention on sleep quality and whether the effect was heterogeneous between daytime nappers and non-nappers.

Methods
This study was a secondary analysis of a cluster randomized controlled trial in China. Eight villages were randomized 1:1 to intervention or control group. The intervention group received an 8-week PA intervention, while the control group did not. The primary outcome of this study was the change in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score at 24 months.

Results
The 511 participants had a mean age of 70.94 years (SD 5.73) and 55.6% were female. The intervention showed improvements in the PSQI global score at 8 weeks (adjusted mean difference −1.05; p = .002), and the effect diminished at 24 months (−0.64; p = .06). There were statistically significant improvements in the PSQI global score for daytime nappers, but not for non-nappers at 8 weeks (adjusted mean difference −0.98; p = .01 vs. −1.27; p = .05), 12 months (−0.86; p = .03 vs. −0.84; p = .21), and 24 months (−0.80; p = .04 vs. −0.14; p = .84), although these improvements were below the minimum detectible level of the PSQI which is 1 point.

Conclusions
The 8-week PA intervention was effective in improving sleep quality, while the effect was diminished and below the minimum detectible level of the PSQI which is 1 point after 24 months. The effect of PA intervention on sleep quality was more pronounced in daytime nappers. Additional interventions (e.g. focusing on multiple behavioral interventions such as PA and a healthy diet) are needed to maintain the beneficial effect of PA on sleep quality in the general older populations. Further research is required to confirm the mechanisms of the effect of napping and develop tailored interventions.

Trial Registration
Conceptualizing a physical activity intervention model among rural older adults in China: a socio-ecological model-based approach, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=123704, registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on April 20, 2021 (identifier: ChiCTR2100045653).
A Comparative Study of the Indian Penal Code and the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita’s Gender-related Provisions
Authors: Shrivastava Himanshu , Akhter Sabeeh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) of 2023 replaces the existing Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860 as the primary penal law of India. The new BNS offers a potential pathway for the reformation of the legal landscape concerning gender-based offences in India. This paper analyzes all such changes introduced in the BNS (relating to provisions of gender-related offenses such as adultery, assault, cruelty, domestic violence, rape, sex trafficking, etc.) by comparing them to the previous Indian Penal Code (IPC, 1860). This paper explores the new bill’s potential to address long-standing gender inequalities in the existing code. It also assesses its limitations and suggests areas for improvement. In doing so, it also emphasizes the importance of recognizing and protecting LGBTQIA+ rights within the legal framework.
Preserving isohydricity: vertical environmental variability explains Amazon forest water-use strategies
Authors: Penha Deliane , Brum Mauro , Alves Luciana F , Domingues Tomas F , Meneses Anderson , Branches Rardiles , Restrepo-Coupe Natalia , Oliveira Rafael S , Moura José Mauro S , Pequeno Pedro A C L Aurélio , Prohaska Neill , Saleska Scott R 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIncreases in hydrological extremes, including drought, are expected for Amazon forests. A fundamental challenge for predicting forest responses lies in identifying ecological strategies which underlie such responses. Characterization of species-specific hydraulic strategies for regulating water-use, thought to be arrayed along an ‘isohydric–anisohydric’ spectrum, is a widely used approach. However, recent studies have questioned the usefulness of this classification scheme, because its metrics are strongly influenced by environments, and hence can lead to divergent classifications even within the same species. Here, we propose an alternative approach positing that individual hydraulic regulation strategies emerge from the interaction of environments with traits. Specifically, we hypothesize that the vertical forest profile represents a key gradient in drought-related environments (atmospheric vapor pressure deficit, soil water availability) that drives divergent tree water-use strategies for coordinated regulation of stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf water potentials (ΨL) with tree rooting depth, a proxy for water availability. Testing this hypothesis in a seasonal eastern Amazon forest in Brazil, we found that hydraulic strategies indeed depend on height-associated environments. Upper canopy trees, experiencing high vapor pressure deficit (VPD), but stable soil water access through deep rooting, exhibited isohydric strategies, defined by little seasonal change in the diurnal pattern of gs and steady seasonal minimum ΨL. In contrast, understory trees, exposed to less variable VPD but highly variable soil water availability, exhibited anisohydric strategies, with fluctuations in diurnal gs that increased in the dry season along with increasing variation in ΨL. Our finding that canopy height structures the coordination between drought-related environmental stressors and hydraulic traits provides a basis for preserving the applicability of the isohydric-to-anisohydric spectrum, which we show here may consistently emerge from environmental context. Our work highlights the importance of understanding how environmental heterogeneity structures forest responses to climate change, providing a mechanistic basis for improving models of tropical ecosystems.
Cytoskeleton‐associated gelsolin responds to the midgut distention process in saline meal‐fed Aedes aegypti and affects arbovirus dissemination from the midgut
Authors: Cui Yingjun , Megawati Dewi , Lin Jingyi , Rehard David G. , Grant DeAna G. , Liu Pei , Jurkevich Alexander , Reid William R. , Mooney Brian P. , Franz Alexander W. E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the principal vector for several arboviruses. The mosquito midgut is the initial tissue that gets infected with an arbovirus acquired along with a blood meal from a vertebrate host. Blood meal ingestion leads to midgut tissue distention thereby increasing the pore size of the surrounding basal lamina. This allows newly synthesized virions to exit the midgut by traversing the distended basal lamina to infect secondary tissues of the mosquito. We conducted a quantitative label‐free proteomic time course analysis with saline meal‐fed Ae. aegypti females to identify host factors involved in midgut tissue distention. Around 2000 proteins were detected during each of the seven sampling time points and 164 of those were uniquely expressed. Forty‐five of 97 differentially expressed proteins were upregulated during the 96‐h time course and most of those were involved in cytoskeleton modulation, metabolic activity, and vesicle/vacuole formation. The F‐actin‐modulating Ae. aegypti (Aa)‐gelsolin was selected for further functional studies. Stable knockout of Aa‐gelsolin resulted in a mosquito line, which showed distorted actin filaments in midgut‐associated tissues likely due to diminished F‐actin processing by gelsolin. Zika virus dissemination from the midgut of these mosquitoes was diminished and delayed. The loss of Aa‐gelsolin function was associated with an increased induction of apoptosis in midgut tissue indicating an involvement of Aa‐gelsolin in apoptotic signaling in mosquitoes. Here, we used proteomics to discover a novel host factor, Aa‐gelsolin, which affects the midgut escape barrier for arboviruses in mosquitoes and apoptotic signaling in the midgut.