bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Segmentation of Brain Gliomas in Multimodal MRI Data
Authors: Xie Changxiong , Ye Jianming , Ma Xiaofei , Dong Leshui , Zhao Guohua , Cheng Jingliang , Yang Guang , Lai Xiaobo 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBrain gliomas, common in adults, pose significant diagnostic challenges. Accurate segmentation from multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans is critical for effective treatment planning. Traditional manual segmentation methods, labor‐intensive and error‐prone, often lead to inconsistent diagnoses. To overcome these limitations, our study presents a sophisticated framework for the automated segmentation of brain gliomas from multimodal MRI images. This framework consists of three integral components: a 3D UNet, a classifier, and a Classifier Weight Transformer (CWT). The 3D UNet, acting as both an encoder and decoder, is instrumental in extracting comprehensive features from MRI scans. The classifier, employing a streamlined 1 × 1 convolutional architecture, performs detailed pixel‐wise classification. The CWT integrates self‐attention mechanisms through three linear layers, a multihead attention module, and layer normalization, dynamically refining the classifier's parameters based on the features extracted by the 3D UNet, thereby improving segmentation accuracy. Our model underwent a two‐stage training process for maximum efficiency: in the first stage, supervised learning was used to pre‐train the encoder and decoder, focusing on robust feature representation. In the second stage, meta‐training was applied to the classifier, with the encoder and decoder remaining unchanged, ensuring precise fine‐tuning based on the initially developed features. Extensive evaluation of datasets such as BraTS2019, BraTS2020, BraTS2021, and a specialized private dataset (ZZU) underscored the robustness and clinical potential of our framework, highlighting its superiority and competitive advantage over several state‐of‐the‐art approaches across various segmentation metrics in training and validation sets.
Oral administration of herbal oligonucleotide drug JGL‐sRNA‐h7 ameliorates hyperglycemia in db/db mice and beagle dogs
Authors: Tang Kegong , Wang Xiaona , Jiang Zhenyu , Chen Mingrui , Deng Xingyu , Mei Song , Ma Yiming , Du Xinyi , Guo Shaoting , Lin Yexuan , Dong Yixin , Liu Dengyuan , Xu Longxin , Jiang Chengyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disease, posing a considerable threat to public health. Oligonucleotide drugs have proven to be a promising field of therapy for the diseases. In this study, we reported that a herbal small RNA (sRNA), JGL‐sRNA‐h7 (B34735529, F1439.L002444.A11), could exhibit potent hypoglycemic effects by targeting glucose‐6‐phosphatase. Oral administration of sphingosine (d18:1)‐JGL‐sRNA‐h7 bencaosomes ameliorated hyperglycemia and diabetic kidney injury better than metformin in db/db mice. Furthermore, glucose tolerance was also improved in sphingosine (d18:1)‐JGL‐sRNA‐h7 bencaosomes‐treated beagle dogs. Our study indicates that JGL‐sRNA‐h7 could be a promising hypoglycemic oligonucleotide drug.
The instructional implications of a critical media literacy framework and podcasts in a high school classroom
Authors: Gill Anne , Stewart Olivia G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study explores the instructional implications of using podcasts framed by a critical media literacy framework in a high school social justice classroom. This 10‐week, critical media‐framed study examines how eight 16–18‐year‐old students, taught synchronously on Zoom, engaged in weekly podcast‐based lesson activities, selecting podcast episodes as supplemental course texts related to the current classroom topics of study (two episodes per unit topic). Findings indicate that podcasts opened spaces for students to hear various voices, particularly marginalized narratives on controversial topics. Additionally, by engaging in critical media literacy practices, students' own voices were elevated, and students questioned the role of texts in their understanding of the world around them. These findings are of particular value to educators looking to understand the classroom implications of critical media literacy practices and who want to provide counter‐hegemonic narratives in their classrooms.
In vivo Raman spectroscopic and fluorescence study of suspected melanocytic lesions and surrounding healthy skin
Authors: Wu Di , Fedorov Kukk Anatoly , Panzer Rüdiger , Emmert Steffen , Roth Bernhard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCutaneous melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer and noninvasively distinguishing it from benign tumor is a major challenge. Raman spectroscopic measurements were conducted on 65 suspected melanocytic lesions and surrounding healthy skin from 47 patients. Compared to the spectra of healthy skin, spectra of melanocytic lesions exhibited lower intensities in carotenoid bands and higher intensities in lipid and melanin bands, suggesting similar variations in the content of these components. Distinct variations were observed among the autofluorescence intensities of healthy skin, benign nevi and malignant melanoma. By incorporating autofluorescence information, the classification accuracy of the support vector machine for spectra of healthy skin, nevi, and melanoma reached 90.2%, surpassing the 87.9% accuracy achieved without autofluorescence, with this difference being statistically significant. These findings indicate the diagnostic value of autofluorescence intensity, which reflect differences in fluorophore content, chemical composition, and structure among healthy skin, nevi, and melanoma.
Sarcopenia‐related changes in serum GLP‐1 level affect myogenic differentiation
Authors: Huang Hsien‐Hao , Wang Yun‐Jie , Jiang Hui‐Yu , Yu Helen Wenshin , Chen Yin‐Quan , Chiou Arthur , Kuo Jean‐Cheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia, a group of muscle‐related disorders, leads to the gradual decline and weakening of skeletal muscle over time. Recognizing the pivotal role of gastrointestinal conditions in maintaining metabolic homeostasis within skeletal muscle, we hypothesize that the effectiveness of the myogenic programme is influenced by the levels of gastrointestinal hormones in the bloodstream, and this connection is associated with the onset of sarcopenia.MethodsWe first categorized 145 individuals from the Emergency Room of Taipei Veterans General Hospital into sarcopenia and non‐sarcopenia groups, following the criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. A thorough examination of specific gastrointestinal hormone levels in plasma was conducted to identify the one most closely associated with sarcopenia. Techniques, including immunofluorescence, western blotting, glucose uptake assays, seahorse real‐time cell metabolic analysis, flow cytometry analysis, kinesin‐1 activity assays and qPCR analysis, were applied to investigate its impacts and mechanisms on myogenic differentiation.ResultsIndividuals in the sarcopenia group exhibited elevated plasma levels of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) at 1021.5 ± 313.5 pg/mL, in contrast to non‐sarcopenic individuals with levels at 351.1 ± 39.0 pg/mL (P < 0.05). Although it is typical for GLP‐1 levels to rise post‐meal and subsequently drop naturally, detecting higher GLP‐1 levels in starving individuals with sarcopenia raised the possibility of GLP‐1 influencing myogenic differentiation in skeletal muscle. Further investigation using a cell model revealed that GLP‐1 (1, 10 and 100 ng/mL) dose‐dependently suppressed the expression of the myogenic marker, impeding myocyte fusion and the formation of polarized myotubes during differentiation. GLP‐1 significantly inhibited the activity of the microtubule motor kinesin‐1, interfering with the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the cell membrane and the dispersion of mitochondria. These impairments subsequently led to a reduction in glucose uptake to 0.81 ± 0.04 fold (P < 0.01) and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production from 25.24 ± 1.57 pmol/min to 18.83 ± 1.11 pmol/min (P < 0.05). Continuous exposure to GLP‐1, even under insulin induction, attenuated the elevated glucose uptake.ConclusionsThe elevated GLP‐1 levels observed in individuals with sarcopenia are associated with a reduction in myogenic differentiation. The impact of GLP‐1 on both the membrane translocation of GLUT4 and the dispersion of mitochondria significantly hinders glucose uptake and the production of mitochondrial ATP necessary for the myogenic programme. These findings point us towards strategies to establish the muscle–gut axis, particularly in the context of sarcopenia. Additionally, these results present the potential of identifying relevant diagnostic biomarkers.
Performance and mildness of alkyl glycoside hydroxypropyl sulfonate
Authors: Chang Kuan , Jia Baotong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlkyl glycoside hydroxypropyl sulfonate (APGSHS), as a kind of anionic surfactant was successfully prepared using sodium 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropane sulfonate and alkyl polyglucoside (APG). The surface and application properties of APGSHS were studied in detail. The results showed that APGSHS showed much enhanced solubility and there for better foaming and detergency properties than APG due to the introduction of sulfonate group. Then, the mildness of APGSHS and commercially available mild surfactants was compared using zein test and hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC) test. APGSHS has higher mildness than other surfactants, such as potassium lauroylglycinate (PLG), lauramidopropyl betaine (LAB), and sodium laurylmethyl taurate (LMT). The mechanism of mildness was investigated by studying the interaction between APGSHS and protein using zein model through micelle behavior and protein structure. It was observed that compared to other anionic surfactants such as sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), APGSHS possesses a larger hydrophilic head group and causes less damage to the secondary structure of zein. Finally, the effect of different surfactants on the hair keratin loss during washing was evaluated. The results showed APGSHS had a minimal damaging effect on keratin in the hair, resulting in the lowest protein loss. This work suggests APGSHS as a promising ingredient for green and mild cleaning products.
Exploring the therapeutic mechanisms of resveratrol for treating arecoline‐induced malignant transformation in oral epithelial cells: insights into hub targets
Authors: Sun Zhen , Guo Xiaopeng , Li Changya , Ling Junjun , Chang Aoshuang , Zhao Houyu , Zhuo Xianlu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBetel nut chewing is a significant risk factor for oral cancer due to arecoline, its primary active component. Resveratrol, a non‐flavonoid polyphenol, possesses anti‐cancer properties. It has been shown to inhibit arecoline‐induced oral malignant cells in preliminary experiments but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This research therefore aimed to explore the potential therapeutic targets of resveratrol in treating arecoline‐induced oral cancer.METHODSData mining identified common targets and hub targets of resveratrol in arecoline‐induced oral cancer. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was used to score and validate the expression and clinical significance of these hub targets in head and neck cancer (HNC) tissues. Molecular docking analysis was conducted on the hub targets. The effect of resveratrol intervention on hub targets was verified by experiments.RESULTSSixty‐one common targets and 15 hub targets were identified. Hub targets were highly expressed in HNC and were associated with unfavorable prognoses. They played a role in HNC metastasis, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and invasion. Their expression also affected immune cell infiltration and correlated negatively with sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents such as bleomycin and docetaxel. Experiments demonstrated that resveratrol down‐regulated the expression of the hub targets, inhibited their proliferation and invasion, and induced apoptosis.CONCLUSIONResveratrol inhibits the arecoline‐induced malignant phenotype of oral epithelial cells by regulating the expression of some target genes, suggesting that resveratrol may be used not only as an adjuvant treatment for oral cancer, but also as an adjuvant for oral cancer prevention due to its low toxicity and high efficacy. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bone cysts at the meniscal attachment are associated with a longer symptom duration among patients with arthroscopically treated medial meniscus posterior root tear
Authors: Omae Hiroaki , Yanagisawa Shinya , Hagiwara Keiichi , Omodaka Takuya , Hashimoto Shogo , Kimura Masashi , Chikuda Hirotaka 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo elucidate the features of bone cysts at attachment sites of medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs).MethodsKnees treated using arthroscopic surgery for MMPRT between 2015 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients without a memory of onset (painful popping), prior knee surgeries, concomitant ligament or meniscus injuries or fractures were excluded. Duration from onset to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and type of tear were evaluated during arthroscopy. On radiography, meniscus signs (cleft/ghost/giraffe neck), bone cysts at the attachment site of the MMPRT and posterior shiny‐corner lesions (PSCLs; bone marrow lesions on the meniscal‐covered portion of the posterior tibial plateau) were evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of the bone cysts were assessed by comparison with matched patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for medial meniscus posterior horn tear. In addition, subgroups (cyst‐positive/cyst‐negative) among patients with MMPRT were created to assess the features of bone cysts.ResultsA total of 275 patients with MMPRT and 275 matched patients with posterior horn tears were evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of bone cysts for MMPRT in this study were 22.2% and 98.6%, respectively. Among the 275 knees with MMPRT, compared with the cyst‐negative group, the cyst‐positive group had a longer duration from onset to MRI (12.9 ± 13.1 vs. 8.3 ± 10.9 weeks, respectively, p = 0.025) and reduced occurrence of PSCLs (18.0% vs. 42.0%, respectively, p = 0.031).ConclusionThe occurrence of bone cysts at the attachment site was helpful for the accurate diagnosis of MMPRT and related to longer duration from onset to MRI and reduced PSCLs.Level of EvidenceLevel III, cross‐sectional study.
Power Over Fiber and Analog Radio Over Fiber Simultaneous Transmission Over Long Distance in Single Mode, Multicore, and Hollow Core Fibers
Authors: Altuna Rubén , Jung Yongmin , Petropoulos Periklis , Vázquez Carmen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, a novel study of the feasibility of shared Power over Fiber (PoF) and Fifth‐Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) Analog Radio over Fiber (ARoF) over long distance Hollow‐core Fibers (HCF) is presented. Comparative measurements between similar lengths of HCFs, Multicore (MCF) and Single Mode Fibers (SMF) are performed. A complete analysis on the Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)‐induced noise transfer from PoF to ARoF is tackled. Relative Intensity Noise (RIN) of ARoF signals is measured for all the optical fibers tested, observing no degradation in HCFs, neither on MCFs and significant deterioration in SMFs. A combination of PoF and 5G NR ARoF link in a single fiber is implemented, and 5G NR signals with different modulation formats are successfully transmitted through HCFs and MCFs without degradation, while SRS‐induced noise transfer in SMFs massively deteriorate them. PoF transmission efficiencies are also analyzed, achieving up to 9.9 % System Energy Efficiency (SEE) for a 3.1 km HCF, 0.9 % for a 11.1 km HCF and 1.5 %, 13.5 %, and 20.4 % in a 10 km MCF, a 9.8 km SMF and a 3.3 km SMF, respectively. The PoF signal is used to supply a Bluetooth Low‐Energy (BLE) load with a power consumption of 20 mW.
A Strong, Flexible, and Anticounterfeiting Fluorescent Composite Hydrogel from Carboxymethyl Cellulose‐Eu(III) Cross‐Linked Polyvinyl Alcohol
Authors: Ye Fang , Ye Jun , Xiong Jian , Li Qiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFluorescent hydrogel as an advanced material has been used for anti‐counterfeiting, probe detection, and optical devices. A facile strategy to prepare fluorescent hydrogel is developed by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with Europium(III) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The hydrogel forms a physical cross‐linking network under mild reaction conditions without using volatile organic chemicals. The addition of CMC‐Eu(III) improves the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. At 15% CMC‐Eu(III), the hydrogel reaches its maximum tensile and compressive stress, which are 47.25 ± 10.35 and 10.14 ± 1.90 kPa, respectively. Meanwhile, the hydrogels exhibit a 5D0→7F2 characteristic emission peak assigned to Eu3+, which emits stable red fluorescence under 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) light. When this hydrogel is applied to paper, the paper showed hidden fluorescent dots under UV light. This additive also enhances the mechanical properties of the paper, which reveals the multifunctionality of this fluorescent hydrogel for anti‐counterfeiting and reinforcement.
C5AR1‐induced TLR1/2 pathway activation drives proliferation and metastasis in anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Liu Bo , Sun Yueyao , Geng Tongyao , Wang Haobo , Wu Zhenyu , Xu Lei , Zhang Miao , Niu Xupeng , Zhao Chenxu , Shang Jin , Shang Fangjian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate the role and mechanisms of Complement C5a receptor 1 (C5AR1) in driving the malignant progression of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). C5AR1 expression was assessed in ATC tissues and cell lines. Functional assays evaluated the effects of C5AR1 knockdown on the malignant features of ATC cells. The interaction between C5AR1 and miR‐335‐5p was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay and Fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the impact of C5AR1 knockdown on the Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 1/2 signaling pathway was examined. In vivo studies evaluated the effects of C5AR1 modulation on tumor growth and metastasis. C5AR1 levels were elevated in ATC tumor samples and associated with poor survival in ATC patients. C5AR1 knockdown impeded ATC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. MiR‐335‐5p was identified as an upstream regulator of C5AR1, which negatively modulates C5AR1 expression. C5AR1 knockdown diminished TLR1, TLR2, and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) levels, while C5AR1 overexpression activated this pathway. Blocking TLR1/2 signaling abrogated the oncogenic effects of C5AR1 overexpression. C5AR1 silencing inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis of ATC cells in nude mice. C5AR1 contributes to ATC tumorigenesis and metastasis by activating the TLR1/2 pathway, and is negatively regulated by miR‐335‐5p. Targeting the miR‐335‐5p/C5AR1/TLR1/2 axis represents a potential therapeutic strategy for ATC.
Characterization of weakly nonlinear effects in relationship to transducer parameters in focused ultrasound therapy
Authors: Xu Peng , Wu Hao , Shen Guofeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFocused ultrasound therapy has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases, employing different types of transducers. The focused ultrasound pressure fields inevitably exhibit nonlinear effects, which can influence the ablation region. However, the nonlinear effects exhibit noticeable variations across different applications. The characterization of the nonlinear pressure fields of ultrasound is important for the effective implementation of focused ultrasound therapy.PurposeThe traditional angular spectrum method (ASM) was extended to accurately and efficiently simulate the propagation of weakly nonlinear ultrasound in heterogeneous mediums of clinical model. The nonlinear effects were further analyzed in relationship to the transducer parameters that are different in various applications.MethodsThe pressure fields were simulated using the extended ASM, incorporating calculations for phase aberration in the frequency domain and magnitude compensation in the spatial domain to account for heterogeneous acoustic impedance mismatch. Validation was performed by comparison to k‐Wave simulation results using two simplified clinical models, an abdominal soft tissue and a transcranial skull model. The nonlinear effects were then analyzed in relation to the transducer parameters of f‐number and effective source area based on the same acoustic output power. The analysis of nonlinear effects was conducted under both homogeneous medium and the clinical models.ResultsThe simulation results demonstrated a maximum error of 3.93% in the calculated harmonic pressure of the abdominal model, and a maximum error of 4.89% within the transcranial model when comparing the extended ASM simulation results to those obtained from k‐Wave simulations. The characterization of the nonlinear effects reveals a strong correlation with the transducer parameters. Specifically, the results indicate that the nonlinear effects intensify with an increase in the effective source area and f‐number, under the same acoustic output power of the transducer. However, the clinical model also showed an influence on the nonlinear effects in relation to the f‐number.ConclusionThe extended ASM was demonstrated as an accurate and efficient simulation tool, and the simulation results provide a reference for evaluating the intensity of nonlinear effects in various transducer designs.