bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photosynlhetic Inhibitory Activity of Dihydro-β-agarofurans Sesquiterpenes from Maytenus dislicha and Maytenus boaria (Celastraceae)
Authors: Céspedes Carlos , Achnine Lahoucine , Alarcón Julio , Becerra José , Lotina-Hennsen Blas 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effects of 9β-benzoyloxy-la, 2α, 6β, 8α, 15-pentaacetoxy-dihydro-β-agarofuran and 9β furoyloxy-1α, 6β, 8α-triacetoxy-dihydro-β-agarofuran, major phytogrowth inhibitors isolated from the aerial parts of Maytenus disticha (Celastraceae) and seeds of Maytenus boaria (Celastaraceae), respectively, on different photosynthetic activities of isolated spinach chloroplasts have been investigated. Photophosphorylation and electron transport (basal, phosphorylating and uncoupled) were inhibited in a concentration dependent manner by both compounds, therefore acting as Hill reaction inhibitors. The site of action of these natural compounds was located in the span from P680 to QA. 9β-benzoyloxy-1,2,6,8,15-pentaacetoxydihydro-β-agarofuran was one order of magnitude more potent (I50 = 2.6 μм) than 9β-furoyloxy-1,6,8,-triacetoxydihydro-β-agarofuran, suggesting that the substitution at C-9 and the acetoxy groups at carbons 2 and 15 are important structural requirements for the displayed inhibitory activity.
Immunoprotective Effect of Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase on Myeloid Graffi Tumor-Bearing Hamsters
Authors: Toshkova Reneta A. , Dimitrova Petia A. , Ivanova Emilia H. , Dolashka Pavlina A. , Angelova Maria B. , Pashova Svetlana B. , Slokoska Ludmila S. , Voelter Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Investigation on the immunoprotective activity of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase from Humicola lutea 103 AL (HLSOD) in hamsters with transplanted myeloid tumor was performed. Survivability, tumor growth and tumor transplantability were followed. The immune status of tumor-bearing animals, injected with the optimal protective HLSOD dose, was examined during 27 days after tumor transplantation by the following parameters: (i) the number, migration and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages, (ii) the phagocytic activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), (iii) the responsibility in vitro of spleen lymphocytes to T and B cell mitogens.
It was established that intraperitoneal inoculation of HLSOD produced a protective effect on the development of tumors. Elongation of the latent time for tumor appearance and inhibition of the tumor growth were observed. The decreased percentage of mortality in early stage of tumor progression was established. Immunological studies on tumor-bearing hamsters (TBH) induced a tem porary immunorestoring effect on the suppressed phagocytic activities of peritoneal macrophages and blood PMNs during the first 14 days of tumor development. Moreover, HLSOD showed an expressed stimulating effect on proliferative activity in vitro of spleen B lymphocytes from healthy and TBH as well. The immunorestoring and protective effect of the enzyme was probably due to improve of the oxidant-antioxidant balance in peritoneal phagocytes. The tem porary character of the effect can be explained with the interference of immunosuppressing factors produced by tumor tissue as well as by the presence of tumor antigens, tumor cells and antigen-antibody complexes in the circulation.
Highly Flexible Energy Storage Electrodes Based on In Situ Synthesis of Graphene/Polyselenophene Nanohybrid Materials
Authors: Park Jin Wook , Jang Jyongsik 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA new class of graphene–polyselenophene (PSe) hybrid nanocomposite was successfully synthesized using an in situ synthetic method. The synthesized graphene–PSe nanocomposite exhibited unique properties including a large voltage window, high conductivity, and good mechanical properties. The graphene–PSe nanohybrid reduced the dynamic resistance of electrolyte ions and enabled high charge–discharge rates, thereby enabling high-performance supercapacitance. The results were attributed to synergetic effects between graphene and conducting polymers (CPs), which enhanced charge transport, surface area, and hybrid supercapacitance by combining the properties of electrolytic double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) with those of psedocapacitors. Additionally, a flexible supercapacitor based on the graphene–PSe nanohybrid was successfully demonstrated. To fabricate binder-free supercapacitors, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and vapor deposition polymerization (VDP) methods were employed. The fabricated all-solid-state supercapacitor exhibited outstanding mechanical and electrochemical performance, even after several bending motions. The novel graphene–PSe nanocomposite material is promising for new energy storage and conversion applications.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE SIG E TÉCNICAS DE GEOPROCESSAMENTO COMO SUBSÍDIO À CARACTERIZAÇÃO E ANÁLISE DE USO DA TERRA NO MUNICÍPIO DE ÁGUA CLARA/MS PARA FINS DE PLANEJAMENTO AMBIENTAL.
Authors: Fernandes André Luís Valverde , Izippato Flávia Joise , Oliveira Wallace de 
Published: February 2015

As paisagens, sejam urbanas ou rurais, cada vez mais são povoadas e estão em constante mudança. As intervenções humanas nas áreas naturais ganham formas e fluxos diferentes de acordo com seus interesses. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a utilização de SIG - Sistema de Informação Geográfica e técnicas de geoprocessamento como subsídio à caracterização e análise ambiental de uso da terra no município de Água Clara/MS. Para tal comparação do estudo, foram utilizadas imagens do sensor TM (Thematic Mapper) a bordo do satélite LANDSAT 5, respectivamente, nas bandas espectrais 3, 4 e 5 – 30 metros de resolução espacial. Os resultados obtidos apresentaram dados importantes para análise de uso da terra no município no ano de 2011. Observou-se que a principal atividade econômica é a agropecuária com 64,45% (7.114,30km²), já que esta exerce um papel fundamental no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Conclui-se que o município de Água Clara/MS possui sua localização geográfica e estratégica no eixo Mato Grosso do Sul e apresenta diferentes cenários ambientais caracterizados por paisagens naturais e antrópicas, de acordo com a realidade do município. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sistema de Informação Geográfica. Geoprocessamento. Uso da Terra.
Carbohydrate Metabolism and Gene Regulation during Anther Development Disturbed by Chemical Hybridizing Agent in Wheat
Authors: Zhu Wanwan , Ma Shoucai , Zhang Gaisheng , Liu Hongzhan , Ba Qingsong , Li Zhikuan , Song Yulong , Zhang Pengfei , Niu Na , Wang Junwei 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTInduction of male sterility by chemical‐hybridizing agents is important in heterosis breeding, especially for self‐pollinated crops like wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study was designed to investigate the association of carbohydrate metabolism with chemical‐induced male sterility (CIMS) in wheat anthers. Transverse section observation showed that during the young microspore (YM) stage, the tapetum of fertile line anthers began to degenerate, while the CIMS line tapetum showed delayed degradation. The levels of nonreducing sugars in the CIMS line anthers always remained higher than in the fertile line, and the starch content of the CIMS line anthers was approximately 45% of those from the fertile line. Compared with the fertile line, the activities of cell wall bound invertase (CWIN) and vacuolar invertase (VIN) were significantly reduced. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analyses showed that the expression levels of one CWIN gene (IVR1) and one VIN gene (IVR5) were significantly downregulated at the YM stage and the vacuolate microspore (VM) stage, and one sucrose transporter gene (TaSUT1) expression was decreased at the YM stage in CIMS anther. The results of the present work imply that sugar transport disruption is a possible crucial cause for CIMS.
Chromosome Engineering and Physical Mapping of the Thinopyrum ponticum Translocation in Wheat Carrying the Rust Resistance Gene Sr26
Authors: Dundas Ian , Zhang Peng , Verlin Dawn , Graner Andreas , Shepherd Ken 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTStudies were initiated to induce homoeologous recombination between the 6Ae#1L chromosome segment from Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. & D. R. Dewey carrying the stem rust resistance gene Sr26 and homoeologous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosomes. The research was undertaken in an attempt to restore the yielding potential of wheat lines carrying Sr26. DNA probes mapping to chromosome arm 6L of Triticeae species were screened for chromosome 6Ae#1‐specific markers. Thirty out of 32 probes showed useful polymorphisms. A total of 1406 seedlings in a ph1bph1b background were screened for the presence of homoeologous recombinants with 24 of the polymorphic probes, as well as the 6Ae#1 isozyme markers for aconitase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, and stem rust resistance. Eleven genotypes were found to have reduced amounts of 6Ae#1 chromatin and seven of these were resistant to stem rust (+Sr26). Six lines were homoeologous recombinants involving wheat chromosome 6A and four lines involved crossovers with 6D. The physical location of Sr26 was determined to be on the extreme distal segment of the 6Ae#1 chromosome. Rust resistant lines carrying shortened 6Ae#1 segments with improved agronomic performance are now being utilized by wheat breeding programs in several countries.
Dodecafluoropentane Emulsion (DDFPe) Decreases Stroke Size and Improves Neurological Scores in a Permanent Occlusion Rat Stroke Model
Authors: Brown A.T , Arthur M.C , Nix J.S , Montgomery J.A , Skinner R.D , Roberson P.K , Borrelli Michael , Culp W.C 
Published: February 2015

Background:
Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe), given IV one hour after stroke, has been shown to greatly reduce the percent stroke volume (%SV) in rabbits. With repeated doses its effect continued for 24 hours.

Purpose:
Test DDFPe as neuroprotective agent in permanent occlusion rat stroke models in Sprague Dawley (SD) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) measuring both %SV and neurological assessment scores (NAS).

Methods:

The male rats received either saline (control), or one or four doses (1x or 4x) of DDFPe (0.6ml/kg IV) one hour post stroke. Treatment groups were SD (n=26) (control, 1x and 4x; n=12, 7 and 7) and SHR (n=14) (control, 1x and 4x; n=7, 3 and 4). The 4x doses were given at 1.5 hour intervals. At six hours post stroke, the rats received a NAS using standard tests for balance, reflexes, and motor performance. Then rats were euthanized and brains removed for TTC evaluation of %SV.

Results:

For %SV analysis strain differences were not significant therefore strains were combined. DDFPe significantly decreased %SV in 1x and 4xDDFPe groups compared to control groups (2.59±1.81 and 0.98±0.88 vs. 9.24±6.06, p≤0.001 each; p≤0.0001 for the overall test for treatment effect). The 1x versus 4xDDFPe groups were not significantly different (p=0.40). In NAS analysis both strains showed significant improvement with 4xDDFPe therapy vs. controls, (SD: 5.00+2.45 vs. 9.36+3.56, p=0.01; SHR: 7.75+4.43 vs. 12.14+3.08, p=0.05). Differences between the 1x DDFPe group and controls were not significant (SD: 8.43+3.69; SHR: 9. 33+3.51).

Conclusion:

DDFPe treatment provides significant neuroprotection when assessed six hours post stroke.
Neutrons in studies of phospholipid bilayers
and bilayer–drug interaction. II. Small-angle scattering
Authors: Belička M. , Devínsky F. , Balgavý P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate several possibilities of using neutron scattering in pharmaceutical research based on examples of
scientific results achieved at our University. In this second part, elementary principles of small-angle neutron scattering and simple
methods of scattering data evaluation are described. Results of scattering on bilayers in unilamellar liposomes with intercalated
general anaesthetics, antimicrobials or cholesterol demonstrate the potential of this method at determination of structural properties
of bilayers.
The variability of secondary metabolites in mentha × piperita
cv . ‘perpeta’ during the development of inflorescence
Authors: Fialová S. , Tekeľová D. , Švajdlenka E. , Potúček P. , Jakubová K. , Grančai D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Mentha × piperita (L.) Huds. of the family Lamiaceae is a very important species for commercial exploitation due to the high
content of essential oil. Besides the essential oils, there are also other significant secondary metabolites in peppermint, especially
flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic derivatives. In this study, we evaluate the variability of essential oil constituents and of phenolic
compounds in the leaves of M. × piperita during the development of inflorescence. Similar studies, dealing with the variation of the
essential oils and its composition, have been performed in the past, but no attention was paid to the variation of other secondary
metabolites. We examined M. × piperita cv. ‘Perpeta’, the domestic cultivar. The plants were cultivated in the climatic conditions
of south-west Slovakia. The contents of secondary metabolites were investigated in the week periods, from the beginning of
inflorescence formation to the end of flowering. The yield and the quality of essential oil have been carried out by distillation and
gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The phenolic substances were analysed using spectrophotometric methods
according to European Pharmacopoeia. The highest contents of phenolic substances have been found in leaves of plants during
the flowering phenophase, the same stage when essential oil of mint also achieves the highest quality.
Can a Single Session of a Community-Based Group Exercise Program Combining Step Aerobics and Bodyweight Resistance Exercise Acutely Reduce Blood Pressure?
Authors: Mendes Romeu , Sousa Nelson , Garrido Nuno , Cavaco Braulio , Quaresma Luís , Reis Victor Machado 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of a single session of a community-based group exercise program combining step aerobics and bodyweight resistance exercise on blood pressure in healthy young adult women. Twentythree healthy young adult women (aged 31.57 ± 7.87 years) participated in two experimental sessions (exercise and control) in a crossover study design. Blood pressure was monitored before, immediately after and at 10, 20 and 30 min of recovery. The exercise session consisted of four phases: 1) a warm-up (5 min of dance aerobics); 2) aerobic exercise training (30 min of step aerobics); 3) resistance exercise training (six sets of 12 repetitions of three bodyweight exercises in a circuit mode, 10 min); and 4) a cool-down (5 min of breathing and flexibility exercises); totaling 50 min of duration. Systolic blood pressure after exercise was significantly lower compared to control at the 10th min (-10.83 ± 2.13 vs. -2.6 ± 2.13 mmHg; p = 0.009), 20th min (-11.26 ± 2.13 vs. -3.04 ± 2.13 mmHg; p = 0.009) and 30th min of recovery (-10.87 ± 2.39 vs. -0.48 ± 2.39 mmHg; p = 0.004). A single session of a community-based group exercise program combining step aerobics and bodyweight resistance exercise was effective in inducing significant post-exercise hypotension in healthy young adult women. This type of low-cost exercise interventions may have an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and in community health promotion.
Chronic Effects of Strength Training Vs. Hydro Aerobics on Functional and Cardiorespiratory Ability in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Novaes Giovanni S. , Novaes Jefferson S. , Vilaça-Alves José , Costa e Silva Gabriel , Garrido Nuno D. , Furtado Hélio , Reis Victor M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The current study aimed to compare the effects of two exercise programs (Strength Training and Hydro Gymnastics) on the functional and cardiorespiratory abilities of Portuguese postmenopausal women. The study population consisted of 38 volunteers (age: 66.9 ± 6.1 years, body mass: 73.70 ± 10.38 kg, and body height: 1.55 ± 0.10 m). Subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group: one group performed 24 weeks of strength training (GST; n = 14), another performed 24 weeks of hydro gymnastics (GH; n = 17) and a control group (CG; n = 7), where the subjects continued with their regular daily activities without involvement in any physical exercise program. Three assessments were performed: before the beginning of the program, 12 weeks after the start of the training program and 24 weeks after the start of the program. To assess the functional ability of the participants, several tests proposed by Jones and Rikli (2002) were performed. To evaluate the cardiorespiratory ability of the participants, a modified treadmill Bruce test was applied. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the two training methods in the tests, which primarily demanded muscular strength. Body mass and the body mass index showed significant differences during the three stages of assessment in the GST group (p<0.05). With respect to the values that represent the variables of cardiorespiratory ability, positive and significant changes were observed in the two experimental groups. It was concluded that both exercise programs promoted improvements in some indicators of the functional and cardiorespiratory abilities of Portuguese postmenopausal women.
Short-Term Effects of Complex Training on Agility with the Ball, Speed, Efficiency of Crossing and Shooting in Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Cavaco Braulio , Sousa Nelson , Machado dos Reis Victor , Garrido Nuno , Saavedra Francisco , Mendes Romeu , Vilaça-Alves José 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Complex training (CXT) is the result of a combination of strength and plyometric exercises in the same session. This method has recently been used in the preparation of athletes of different sports. The aim of the present study was to observe the acute effects of a CXT program of 6 weeks: i) on agility with the ball, sprinting and the efficiency of crossing and shooting in youth soccer players; ii) and the influence of the number of CXT sessions per week (one vs. two). Sixteen youth male soccer players were randomly divided into three groups: a group that performed one weekly CXT session (GCT1, n = 5, age: 13.80 ± 0.45 years); or a group that performed two weekly CXT sessions (GCT2, n = 5, age: 14.20 ± 0.45 years); or a control group that did not perform the CTX (n = 6, age: 14.20 ± 0.84 years). All groups maintained their regular soccer training sessions. No significant interactions were found between GCT1 and GCT2 in all variables. Significant statistical differences were identified (F = 1139, p = 0.02, μp2 = 0531) in the pre-test versus post-test, for both experimental groups, in shot effectiveness. In conclusion, the CXT program proved to be an effective method in boosting abilities and motor skills associated with soccer among young athletes, particularly in increasing shot effectiveness.
Development and Validation of an Automated Step Ergometer
Authors: C. de Sousa Maria do Socorro , Aniceto Rodrigo R. , Neto Gabriel R. , T. de Araújo Ravi C. , C. de Sousa Juliana B. , Costa José A. D. , Pellegrinotti Idico L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Laboratory ergometers have high costs, becoming inaccessible for most of the population, hence, it is imperative to develop affordable devices making evaluations like cardiorespiratory fitness feasible and easier. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an Automated Step Ergometer (ASE), adjusted according to the height of the subject, for predicting VO2max through a progressive test. The development process was comprised by three steps, the theoretical part, the prototype assembly and further validation. The ASE consists in an elevating platform that makes the step at a higher or lower level as required for testing. The ASE validation was obtained by comparing the values of predicted VO2max (equation) and direct gas analysis on the prototype and on a, treadmill. For the validation process 167 subjects with average age of 31.24 ± 14.38 years, of both genders and different degrees of cardiorespiratory fitness, were randomized and divided by gender and training condition, into untrained (n=106), active (n=24) and trained (n=37) subjects. Each participant performed a progressive test on which the ASE started at the same height (20 cm) for all. Then, according to the subject’s height, it varied to a maximum of 45 cm. Time in each stage and rhythm was chosen in accordance with training condition from lowest to highest (60-180 s; 116-160 bpm, respectively). Data was compared with the student’s t test and ANOVA; correlations were tested with Pearson’s r. The value of α was set at 0.05. No differences were found between the predicted VO2max and the direct gas analysis VO2max, nor between the ASE and treadmill VO2max (p= 0.365) with high correlation between ergometers (r= 0.974). The values for repeatability, reproducibility, and reliability of male and female groups measures were, respectively, 4.08 and 5.02; 0.50 and 1.11; 4.11 and 5.15. The values of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) among measures were all >0.90. It was verified that the ASE prototype was appropriate for a step test, provided valid measures of VO2max and could therefore, be used as an ergometer to measure cardiorespiratory fitness.
Can Programmed or Self-Selected Physical Activity Affect Physical Fitness of Adolescents?
Authors: Neto Cláudio F. , Neto Gabriel R. , Araújo Adenilson T. , Sousa Maria S. C. , Sousa Juliana B. C. , Batista Gilmário R. , Reis Victor M. M. R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the effects of programmed and self-selected physical activities on the physical fitness of adolescents. High school adolescents, aged between 15 and 17 years, were divided into two experimental groups: a) a self-selected physical activity group (PAS) with 55 students (aged 15.7 ± 0.7 years), who performed physical activities with self-selected rhythm at the following sports: basketball, volleyball, handball, futsal and swimming; and b) a physical fitness training group (PFT) with 53 students (aged 16.0 ± 0.7 years), who performed programmed physical fitness exercises. Both types of activity were developed during 60 min classes. To assess physical fitness the PROESP-BR protocol was used. The statistical analysis was performed by repeated measures ANOVA. The measurements of pre and post-tests showed significantly different values after PFT in: 9 minute running test, medicine ball throw, horizontal jump, abdominal endurance, running speed and flexibility. After PAS differences were detected in abdominal endurance, agility, running speed and flexibility. The intervention with programmed physical activity promoted more changes in the physical abilities; however, in the self-selected program, agility was improved probably because of the practice of sports. Therefore, physical education teachers can use PFT to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and power of lower and upper limbs and PAS to improve agility of high school adolescents.