bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of Hearing Status Based on Pupil Measures During Sentence Perception
Authors: Lebiecka-Johansen Patrycja , Zekveld Adriana A. , Wendt Dorothea , Koelewijn Thomas , Muhammad Afaan I. , Kramer Sophia E. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
Speech understanding in noise can be effortful, especially for people with hearing impairment. To compensate for reduced acuity, hearing-impaired (HI) listeners may be allocating listening effort differently than normal-hearing (NH) peers. We expected that this might influence measures derived from the pupil dilation response. To investigate this in more detail, we assessed the sensitivity of pupil measures to hearing-related changes in effort allocation. We used a machine learning–based classification framework capable of combining and ranking measures to examine hearing-related, stimulus-related (signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]), and task response–related changes in pupil measures.

Method:

Pupil data from 32 NH (40–70 years old,
M
= 51.3 years, six males) and 32 HI (31–76 years old,
M
= 59 years, 13 males) listeners were recorded during an adaptive speech reception threshold test. Peak pupil dilation (PPD), mean pupil dilation (MPD), principal pupil components (rotated principal components [RPCs]), and baseline pupil size (BPS) were calculated. As a precondition for ranking pupil measures, the ability to classify hearing status (NH/HI), SNR (high/low), and task response (correct/incorrect) above random prediction level was assessed. This precondition was met when classifying hearing status in subsets of data with varying SNR and task response, SNR in the NH group, and task response in the HI group.

Results:
A combination of pupil measures was necessary to classify the dependent factors. Hearing status, SNR, and task response were predicted primarily by the established measures—PPD (maximum effort), RPC2 (speech processing), and BPS (task anticipation)—and by the novel measures RPC1 (listening) and RPC3 (response preparation) in tasks involving SNR as an outcome or sometimes difficulty criterion.

Conclusions:
A machine learning–based classification framework can assess sensitivity of, and rank the importance of, pupil measures in relation to three effort modulators (factors) during speech perception in noise. This indicates that the effects of these factors on the pupil measures allow for reasonable classification performance. Moreover, the varying contributions of each measure to the classification models suggest they are not equally affected by these factors. Thus, this study enhances our understanding of pupil responses and their sensitivity to relevant factors.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28225199
Verleihung der Salomon-Neumann-Medaille 2024, Laudatio für Herrn
Prof. Dr. med. David Klemperer
Authors: Robra Bernt-Peter 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sozialmedizin und Prävention (DGSMP) verleiht die
Salomon-Neumann-Medaille 2024 an Herrn Prof. Dr. med. David Klemperer. Er ist
Arzt und bis heute in der Patientenversorgung praktisch tätig, Praktiker des
öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens und – im Hinblick auf sein öffentliches Wirken am
wichtigsten und am nachhaltigsten – Hochschullehrer. Arbeitsschwerpunkte sind
Lehre in Sozialmedizin und Public Health, Shared Decision Making,
Interessenkonflikte im Gesundheitswesen und Evidenzbasierte Medizin. Mit der
Medaille würdigt die DGSMP seine herausragenden Verdienste um die Lehre und die
evidenzbasierte Medizin, darunter sein Zusammenführen von EbM und Sozialmedizin
sowie von Medizin und Public Health.
Edge effects in a planar magnet caused by the impact of an electric field
Authors: Magadeev E B , Vakhitov R M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper theoretically studies the effect of a non-uniform electric field on thin ferromagnetic films with a planar distribution of magnetization, which are of interest due to certain possibilities for the formation of vortex-like structures in them and the influence of an electric field is one of the most effective approaches to controlling structures of this type. It is proven that in this case the presence of inhomogeneous magnetoelectric interaction has virtually no effect on the magnetic structure of the sample far from its boundaries, but leads to the appearance of edge effects consisting in the formation of solitary magnetic inhomogeneities at the film boundary. In this case, the structure and properties of such inhomogeneities are completely determined by the values of the electric field potential at the sample boundary. Both for the general case and for a number of specific configurations of the external field, the distribution of magnetization in the region of inhomogeneity is found, and its energy is calculated.
Temperature determination of laser-induced plasma in water
Authors: Tian Ye , Pan Haipeng , Zhai Canxu , Jia Ziwen , Zhong Qiang , Yao Zhifeng , Hou Shilin , Lu Yuan , Guo Jinjia , Zheng Ronger 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Temperature determination of laser-induced plasma generated in water is of great importance for a better understanding of underwater laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy as well as underwater plasma-based techniques. In this work, we measured the temperature of underwater plasma by using optical emission spectroscopy. The temperature was calculated respectively from the Saha–Boltzmann plot of Ca I 422.67 nm, Ca II 393.37 nm, and Ca II 396.85 nm lines, and from the OH molecular band A2Σ+−X2Π around 310 nm. It shows that in the time window from 75 ns to 700 ns, the Saha–Boltzmann temperature decreases from 12700 K to 7700 K, which is significantly higher than the molecular temperature that decreases from 11000 K to 4100 K. To verify these temperature values, shadowgraph images of the early-stage cavitation bubble were taken and the bubble temperatures were calculated based on the bubble adiabatic expansion model. We find that the OH molecular apparent temperature is compatible with the cavitation bubble temperature, whereas the Saha–Boltzmann apparent temperature turns out to be higher. The present results in this work provide suggestions in measuring the underwater plasma temperature, and also give a link between the plasma properties and the cavitation bubble dynamics for the laser-induced breakdown in liquids.
Energy threshold for electron-induced reactions in surface-grown Cu(II) oxalate layers
Authors: Barnewitz Lars , Swiderek Petra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Layers of surface-grown coordination polymers can be decomposed or modified by electron irradiation. This offers interesting perspectives for nanofabrication processes. However, a fundamental understanding of the underlying electron-induced chemistry is required to gain full control over such processes. Therefore, this study reinvestigates the electron-induced decomposition of Cu(II) oxalate which yields the volatile product CO2. Previous studies proposed that the decomposition proceeds via a reaction mechanism driven by electron ionization. However, the reaction was only studied at electron energies above 30 eV. This ruled out a more detailed experimental identification of the electron interactions that initiate the decomposition of Cu(II) oxalate. Herein, Cu(II) oxalate samples were grown on the surface of self-assembled monolayers of mercaptoundecanoic acid in a layer-by-layer approach using Cu(II) acetate and oxalic acid. The Cu(II) oxalate samples were characterized by reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). Electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of neutral CO2 was monitored to measure the decomposition of the layers as a function of electron energy. The results reveal a threshold for the decomposition of Cu(II) oxalate to CO2 at around 3.5 eV to 4 eV which is ascribed to a reaction driven by ligand-to-metal charge-transfer electronic excitation.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis constraints on resonant DM annihilations
Authors: Braat Pieter , Hufnagel Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We perform a systematic study of BBN constraints from photodisintegration for scenarios in which dark-matter annihilations are resonantly-enhanced. To this end, we implement and make available a new class ResonanceModel within an updated version v1.3.0 of ACROPOLIS. While the corresponding implementation is done in a rather model-independent way, we also make available three benchmark models that can be used to calculate constraints for more concrete scenarios. Using this new version of ACROPOLIS, we present for the first time the corresponding constraints on resonantly-enhanced s-wave and p-wave annihilations. We show that for s-wave annihilations the bounds are usually very similar to the ones without a resonance, while for p-wave annihilations the bounds can be significantly stronger.

The updated version v1.3.0 of ACROPOLIS can be found at https://github.com/hep-mh/acropolis.
Effects of scalar non-Gaussianity on induced scalar-tensor gravitational waves
Authors: Picard Raphaël , Davies Matthew W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
If primordial scalar or tensor perturbations are enhanced on short scales, it may lead to the production of observable gravitational wave signals. These waves may be sourced by scalar-scalar, scalar-tensor or tensor-tensor interactions. Typically, models of inflation capable of producing large peaks in the scalar primordial power spectrum also generate sizeable scalar non-Gaussianity. Previous studies have investigated the possible effects of this on the scalar-scalar induced gravitational wave spectrum by assuming a local expansion in terms of the parameters F
NL, G
NL and so on. We extend this approach to the case of scalar-tensor induced gravitational waves, introducing a local expansion for scalar non-Gaussianity into the scalar-tensor sector equations. We compute the contribution to the gravitational wave spectrum from the resulting new term and analyse its distinguishing features.
Preface
Authors: Chen Xin 
Published: February 2025

The 2nd International Conference on New Materials for Environment and Energy (NMEE 2024), organized by East China University of Science and Technology, China, was successfully held in Kunming, China during October 23-25, 2024.
The conference focused on cutting-edge research and achievements on materials for energy harvesting, conversion, storage, transportation and utilization, as well as environmental protection and clean production. The conference adopted a mixed mode of online and offline, with 65 academic presentations and exchanges, including 4 plenary speeches, 13 keynote presentations, 15 invited presentations, 23 oral presentations, and 10 poster presentations, with a total of 120 participants from more than 60 universities, research institutes, and enterprises in different countries and regions, such as China, the United Kingdom, Greece, France, Singapore, Malaysia, Slovenia, and so on.
List of NMEE2024 Committee is available in this pdf.
Pitch-derived carbon as a superior conductive scaffold for enhanced silicon-carbon composite anodes
Authors: Yu Zhanglong , Cui Yi , Zhang Linfeng , Long Yue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Silicon-carbon composites are increasingly recognized for their potential to enhance the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, presenting significant implications for commercial energy storage solutions. This study focuses on the pivotal role of the carbon source in these composites, specifically the influence of coal tar pitch (CTP) with different softening points on their electrochemical performance. The investigation compares CTP-derived pyrolytic carbon from pitches with softening points of 80 °C (CTP80) and 250 °C (CTP250), resulting in CTP80@Si and CTP250@Si composites. The CTP250@Si composites, post carbonization, exhibit more advanced graphitization and superior electrochemical properties, including a specific capacity of 1413.4 mAh·g−1, an initial coulombic efficiency of 78.67%, and a capacity retention of 76.70% after 100 cycles. These composites also demonstrate improved structural stability with minimal electrode degradation, outperforming the CTP80@Si counterparts. The findings highlight the significance of the pitch’s softening point in shaping the electrochemical attributes of silicon-carbon composites, positioning CTP250 as a promising carbon source for next-generation anode materials. Future work will aim to optimize the synthesis process and further improve the composite’s properties to meet the expanding demands of the lithium-ion battery industry.
Inhibiting thermal runaway propagation in lithium-ion battery pack by internal heat transfer enhancement
Authors: Wu Senming , Luan Weiling , Chen Haofeng , Chen Ying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Safety issues caused by thermal runaway (TR) in lithium-ion batteries hinder the development of new energy technologies. Blocking the thermal runaway propagation (TRP) in battery packs is a primary approach to mitigating its hazards. This paper proposes a method for suppressing TRP by enhancing internal heat transfer in the battery. By adding heat-averaging layers to the side surfaces of the battery cores, the internal temperature distribution is optimized, allowing for effective blocking of TRP while reducing the use of thermal insulation materials. Simulation results indicate that the combination of heat-averaging layers and insulation layers can effectively suppress the TRP. The heat-averaging layers significantly improve the uniformity of temperature distribution in the thickness direction, though they may exacerbate temperature unevenness on the major surfaces. Since the thickness of the heat-averaging layers has a negligible impact on their effectiveness in blocking TRP, this method can significantly reduce the spatial requirements for TRP protection, thereby enhancing the system’s energy density.
The SOC estimation of lithium-ion battery based on extended Kalman filtering algorithm
Authors: Liang Z J , Du J Q , Tian J , Li Y , Xie H , Jiang J C 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the fields of new energy vehicles, energy storage systems, and electronic devices, the battery management system is one of the key technologies to ensure the performance and safety of the battery pack, and the estimation of the battery state of charge (SoC) is an important part of it. To solve the problem of the difficulty in accurately estimating the SoC of current lithium-ion batteries, this paper selects the dual-polarization circuit model to represent the external electrical characteristics of the battery, and identifies the model parameters. Then, under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS) operating condition data, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used to estimate the SoC of the lithium-ion battery. The simulation results show that this SoC estimation method has the characteristics of high accuracy, fast convergence speed, and good robustness, which verifies the accuracy and effectiveness of the lithium-ion battery bipolar equivalent circuit model combined with the EKF algorithm to estimate the SoC of the lithium-ion battery.
The magnetic field impact on the thermal conductivity of superconducting niobium
Authors: Luo Didi , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Particle accelerators extensively use superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities as essential components. The performance of the SRF cavities hinges critically on the thermal conductivity of the superconducting materials they are composed of. Previous research has thoroughly investigated this matter. In the meantime, magnetic fields’ influence on Cooper pairs in superconductors significantly affects thermal conductivity. With advancements in processing technology, the performance of SRF cavities has considerably improved. This has led to a significant increase in the acceleration gradient of the cavities, resulting in a magnetic field strength of almost 200 mT on the inner surface. This development has made the situation more critical. Thus, a more comprehensive and systematic study is needed to understand better the impact of magnetic fields on thermal conductivity and its effect on SRF performance. Therefore, we introduced a thermal conductivity model for superconductors, including a magnetic field correction in the thermal conductivity calculations. The study involves theoretical calculations and experimental measurements on the thermal conductivity of small niobium samples at varying magnetic fields and temperatures. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the congruence between the experimental results and our theoretical predictions. Finally, these results were used to estimate SRF cavities’ performance, thereby enhancing their overall efficacy and reliability.
Application and prospect of microwave pyrolysis of organic polymer materials
Authors: Fang Hui , Hai Lin , Xie Ruisheng , Yuan Jing , Zhang Qianfeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Microwave pyrolysis, as an environmentally friendly energy recovery technology, has great potential for development in waste treatment. In this paper, the research progress of microwave pyrolysis technology is reviewed in order to sort out the current status and predict the future development direction. Starting from the general treatment methods of waste, the principles, advantages and applications of microwave heating compared with conventional heating are highlighted. Next, the main research results of microwave pyrolysis on different raw materials are examined. Then, the characteristics, advantages and application prospects of microwave pyrolysis products are reviewed. Finally, the future development direction of microwave pyrolysis is predicted based on the challenges facing industrial production.
Study on rheological performance and mechanism of SMA grafted TPU modified asphalt based on in-situ synthesis method
Authors: Wang Shuang , Zhu Xiaobo , Chen Ping , Wang Zhichen , Wu Enze 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to enhance the high- and low-temperature rheological properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-modified asphalt through an innovative in-situ synthesis process. Styrene grafted maleic anhydride (SMA) was employed for the graft copolymerization of the TPU modifier. The asphalt’s temperature-dependent properties and the modification mechanism were comprehensively analyzed using dynamic shear rheometry (DSR), binder bending beam rheometer (BBR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and fluorescence microscopy (FM) tests. The findings revealed that the in-situ synthesized SMA-grafted TPU-modified asphalt exhibited superior rheological properties at both high and low temperatures compared to the conventional native polymerization method. The incorporation of SMA with TPU notably enhanced the asphalt’s resistance to high-temperature deformation and its temperature sensitivity while preserving its low-temperature toughness and crack resistance. Microscopic analyses indicated that TPU is synthesized internally within the asphalt matrix, ensuring excellent compatibility. The SMA grafts onto the TPU, creating a flexible network structure with rigid nodes. Optimal results were achieved with a 5% TPU modifier dosage and a TPU to SMA mass ratio of 60:40. This research contributes to the development of high-performance asphalt materials with improved thermal stability and mechanical performance.
Effects of foliar application of silicon fertilizer on the growth and heavy metal content of Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Authors: Huang D F , Wang L M , Chen S P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of three different foliar silicon fertilizers, including Silicon-based cadmium-resistant foliar fertilizer, Algae silicon-based foliar fertilizer and Dunfenggui micro-nano-silicon microbial inoculant, on the growth agronomic traits, biological yield, heavy metal content in bean kernels and available heavy metal content in topsoil after harvest of Edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Results showed that: Compared with control treatment (spraying equal amount of water), spraying three different kinds of silicon fertilizer on leaf surface could increase the fresh weight of stem and leaf of soybean plant by 4.29%~21.27%, the fresh weight of Edamame shell by 2.87%~8.75%, and the fresh weight of soybean grain by 2.14%~10.36%. It increased the fresh yield of Edamame with shell by 2.62%~8.37% and that of Edamame by 2.14%~ 10.36%. The contents of Cr, Pb, As, Hg and Cd in Edamame seed were decreased by 64.42%~74.96%, 14.71%~63.97%, 30.77%~53.85%, 4.55%~9.09% and 0.00%~22.73%, respectively. The pH value, available contents of heavy metal, including Cr, Cd and As of soil in the plough layer after Edamame harvest, were decreased by 10.17%~13.56%, 50.00%~58.49%, 18.75%~21.25% and 1.37%~4.11%, respectively.
Quantitative analysis of microstructure of ITZ in UHPC
Authors: Yang Guangyao , Wei Jiangxiong , Yu Qijun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The fiber-matrix interfacial transition zone (ITZ) governs the mechanical performance and durability of Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC). UHPC has dense microstructure and low porosity, and the thickness of ITZ in UHPC is extremely small. The analysis of microstructure of ITZ in UHPC is very limited. Backscatter electron image (BSE) in combination with traditional methods are applied to the precise quantitative analysis of ITZ in this paper. The results indicated that the porosity decreased rapidly with the increase of the distance from fiber surface. The thickness and porosity of ITZ in SF1-UHPC1, SF2-UHPC2, SF2-UHPC3 were about 38 μm and 12.7%, 18 μm and 12.5%, 12 μm and 9.9%, respectively. With the increase of UHPC strength, the porosity of matrix and ITZ decreased rapidly, and the thickness of ITZ also decreased rapidly.
Development of readout electronics for a high-speed event-driven neutron imaging detector based on Timepix4
Authors: Li Q. , Liu H. , Cai D. , Guo H. , Jiang X. , Teng H. , Wang K. , Wang X. , Wang S. , Sun Z. , Zhao Y. , Zhou J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source enters Phase II, the increase in proton beam power will lead to a further boost in the intensity of pulsed neutron beams. To address the demand for higher event-rate readout electronics for energy-resolved neutron imaging detectors, we have developed a high-performance readout electronics system based on the Timepix4 chip. The prototype electronics system comprises a Timepix4 chip board and a high-performance digital board, which are interconnected through a custom FMC interface. The advantage of this system is its ability to achieve the full bandwidth readout of 160 Gbps for a single Timepix4 chip. The electronics system, based solely on a single ZYNQ-MPSOC chip, is capable of fully meeting the required performance specifications within a compact form factor of 8 cm× 30 cm. Furthermore, the system features a high-capacity external SODIMM memory interface (supporting up to 32 GB), which ensures stable data readout through a single 40 Gbps QSFP+ interface. As of the present moment, notable progress has been achieved, including the successful establishment of 16 data channels between Timepix4 and FPGA that operate error-free and stably at a speed of 5.12 Gbps, which is half of the maximum theoretical speed of 10.24 Gbps. The threshold standard deviation across all pixels is less than 50 e- after equalization. And the clear structural results obtained from X-ray experiments indicate that the functionality is essentially complete, allowing further testing.