bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progestins Activate the AKT Pathway in Leiomyoma Cells and Promote Survival
Authors: Hoekstra Anna V. , Sefton Elizabeth C. , Berry Emily , Lu Zhenxiao , Hardt Jennifer , Marsh Erica , Yin Ping , Clardy Jon , Chakravarti Debabrata , Bulun Serdar , Kim J. Julie 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Context
Progesterone has been associated with promoting growth of uterine leiomyomas. The mechanisms involved remain unclear.

Objective
In this study we investigated the activation of the AKT pathway and its downstream effectors, GSK3b and FOXO1 by progesterone as a mechanism of proliferation and survival of leiomyoma cells. Inhibitors of the AKT pathway were used to demonstrate the role of PI3K, AKT and FOXO1 in contributing to cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Results
Treatment of leiomyoma cells with R5020 over a period of 72h resulted in higher cell numbers compared to untreated cells. When cells were treated with 100nM R5020 for 1h and 24h, the levels of phospho(Ser 473)-AKT increased. This increase was inhibited when cells were co-treated with RU486. Treatment of leiomyoma cells with a PI3K inhibitor, LY294 dramatically decreased levels of phospho(Ser 473)-AKT, despite R5020 treatment. In addition to increased phospho(Ser 473)-AKT levels, R5020 treatment resulted in an increase in phospho(Ser 256)-FOXO1 and phospho-GSK3b. Inhibition of AKT using API-59 decreased proliferation and cell viability even in the presence of R5020. Higher concentrations of API-59 induced apoptosis of leiomyoma cells even in the presence of R5020. Psammaplysene A increased nuclear FOXO1 levels and did not affect cell proliferation but induced apoptosis of leiomyoma cells.

Conclusions
The progestin, R5020, can rapidly activate the AKT pathway. Inhibition of the AKT pathway inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis of leiomyoma cells.
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 Reverses Activin A Suppression of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Expression and Progesterone Production in Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells
Authors: Shi Feng-Tao , Cheung Anthony P. , Klausen Christian , Huang He-Feng , Leung Peter C. K. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: We have reported that growth differentiation factor (GDF) 9 can enhance activin A (βAβA)-induced inhibin B (αβB) secretion in human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells, but its effects on steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), ovarian steroidogenic enzymes, and progesterone production are unknown. We undertook this study to further evaluate GDF9 in this regard.
Methods: hGL cells from women undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment were cultured with and without small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection targeted at inhibin α-subunit or GDF9 before treatment with GDF9, activin A, FSH, or combinations. We compared StAR, P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression in hGL cells and progesterone levels in culture media after these treatments. mRNA, protein, and hormone levels were assessed with real-time RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and ELISA, respectively. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test.
Results: Activin A alone reduced basal and FSH-induced progesterone production by decreasing the expression of StAR protein, which regulates the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis but not P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. GDF9 attenuated these activin A effects on StAR and progesterone. After transfection of a-subunit siRNA, activin A level increased (P &lt; 0.001), whereas basal and activin A-induced inhibin B levels (with and without GDF9) decreased. Furthermore, the effects of GDF9 in reversing activin A suppression of progesterone production were attenuated (P &lt; 0.001). Transfection of GDF9 siRNA decreased GDF9 as expected and led to lower StAR expression and progesterone secretion than those observed with activin A treatment alone.
Conclusion: GDF9 attenuates the suppressive effects of activin A on StAR expression and progesterone production by increasing the expression of inhibin B, which acts as an activin A competitor.
Fair Value Measurements and Audit Fees: Evidence from the Banking Industry
Authors: Ettredge Michael L. , Xu Yang , Yi Han S. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARY:
Using publicly traded bank holding company data from 2008 through 2011, this paper documents that the proportions of fair-valued assets held by banks are positively associated with audit fees. The positive association between audit fees and the proportions of total assets that are fair-valued using Level 3 inputs is greater than its positive association with the proportions of total assets that are fair-valued using Level 1 or Level 2 inputs. These results are consistent with a hypothesized scenario in which audit effort increases in the difficulty of verifying asset fair values. We also document that bank specialist auditors, defined as in Behn, Choi, and Kang (2008), charge lower audit fees to bank clients on average, suggesting cost efficiencies passed to clients as lower fees. However, bank expert auditors charge more for auditing the proportions of total assets that are fair-valued. Overall, the results support concerns expressed by some observers that greater use of fair value measurements for financial instruments will trigger increased audit fees.
Data Availability: All data used in this study are publicly available from the sources identified in the text.
Effect of Bleaching Agents on the Sealing of Cervical Barrier in Intracoronal Bleaching Procedures
Authors: Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Huhtala Maria Filomena Rocha Lima , Gomes Ana Paula Martins , Ramos Carolina Judica , Yui Karen Cristina Kazue , Silva Eduardo Galera da , Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Discoloration of nonvital teeth is an esthetic deficiency frequently requiring bleaching treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of bleaching agents on two different cervical barriers in order to minimize or prevent the leakage along the root canal filling in the intracoronal bleaching procedures. Ninety-six extracted human molars were used which were biomechanically prepared, filled and divided into eight groups. The cervical barriers tested were zinc phosphate cement (ZPC) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) applied (3 mm of thickness) at the cementoenamel junction level. Forty-eight specimens were divided into four groups for each cervical barrier: (1) control group without bleaching agent, (2) a mixture of sodium perborate and distilled water, (3) a mixture of sodium perborate and 10% carbamide peroxide and (4) a mixture of sodium perborate and 35% carbamide peroxide. The bleaching agents were placed inside the pulp chamber for 7 and 14 days, and the access opening was sealed with Cimpat. After 21 days, microleakage evaluation of 2% rhodamine B dye solution at dentin-cervical barrier interface was performed by a stereomicroscope. Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's and Dunnett's tests, with a significance level of 0.05. The results demonstrated no statistically significant differences among the control group and the experimental groups for each cervical barrier (ZPC and RMGIC); there were no significant differences among the bleaching agents for the same barrier and RMGIC barrier provided better sealing than ZPC (p < 0.05). Therefore, the bleaching agents demonstrated similar performance when tested for the same cervical barrier and RMGIC barrier provided better sealing than the ZPC barrier, regardless of the association of bleaching agents used.

How to cite this article
Yui KCK, Huhtala MFRL, da Silva EG, Ramos CJ, Torres CRG, de Paiva Gongalves SE, Gomes APM. Effect of Bleaching Agents on the Sealing of Cervical Barrier in Intracoronal Bleaching Procedures. World J Dent 2013;4(4): 235-240.
Use of Salivary Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease Activity: A Literature Review
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Rocha Fernanda Regina Godoy , Munoz Eduardo Mariscal , Sampaio Jose Eduardo Cesar 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Periodontal disease is an infectious disease characterized by the connective tissue destruction and consequent alveolar bone loss in response to plaque accumulation on the tooth surface. The clinical diagnosis of periodontal disease is based both on clinical examination involving the evaluation of probing depth and radiographic examination of alveolar bone loss but these examinations are not enough to determine the activity of the disease process. For that reason, it has been proposed to seek predictive disease markers in an attempt to assess the disease activity and so, evaluate the efficacy of the periodontal disease treatment. The aim of this review is to present recent advances in the development of proteomic, genomics and microbial biomarkers and potential clinical applications. It was concluded that periodontal treatment based on assessing the levels of salivary biomarkers emerges as a promising method in near future and will become an integral part of the evaluation of periodontal health.

How to cite this article
Rocha FRG, de Molon RS, Tonetto MR, Souza Pinto SC, Munoz EM, Sampaio JEC. Use of Salivary Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease Activity: A Literature Review. World J Dent 2013;4(4):250-255.
The Source of “Fairy Rings”: 2‐Azahypoxanthine and its Metabolite Found in a Novel Purine Metabolic Pathway in Plants
Authors: Choi Jae‐Hoon , Ohnishi Toshiyuki , Yamakawa Yasuhiro , Takeda Shogo , Sekiguchi Shuhei , Maruyama Waki , Yamashita Kimiko , Suzuki Tomohiro , Morita Akio , Ikka Takashi , Motohashi Reiko , Kiriiwa Yoshikazu , Tobina Hiroyuki , Asai Tatsuo , Tokuyama Shinji , Hirai Hirofumi , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Noguchi Keiichi , Asakawa Tomohiro , Sugiyama Shimpei , Kan Toshiyuki , Kawagishi Hirokazu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRings or arcs of fungus‐stimulated plant growth occur worldwide; these are commonly referred to as “fairy rings”. In 2010, we discovered 2‐azahypoxanthine (AHX), a compound responsible for the fairy‐ring phenomenon caused by fungus; AHX stimulated the growth of all the plants tested. Herein, we reveal the isolation and structure determination of a common metabolite of AHX in plants, 2‐aza‐8‐oxohypoxanthine (AOH). AHX is chemically synthesized from 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide (AICA), and AHX can be converted into AOH by xanthine oxidase. AICA is one of the members of the purine metabolic pathway in animals, plants, and microorganisms. However, further metabolism of AICA remains elusive. Based on these results and facts, we hypothesized that plants themselves produce AHX and AOH through a pathway similar to the chemical synthesis. Herein, we demonstrate the existence of endogenous AHX and AOH and a novel purine pathway to produce them in plants.
A Tetravalent Cerium Complex Containing a CeO Bond
Authors: So Yat‐Ming , Wang Guo‐Cang , Li Yang , Sung Herman H.‐Y. , Williams Ian D. , Lin Zhenyang , Leung Wa‐Hung 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhereas terminal oxo complexes of transition and actinide elements are well documented, analogous lanthanide complexes have not been reported to date. Herein, we report the synthesis and structure of a cerium(IV) oxo complex, [CeO(LOEt)2(H2O)]⋅MeC(O)NH2 (1; LOEt−=[Co(η5‐C5H5){P(O)(OEt)2}3]−), featuring a short CeO bond (1.857(3) Å). DFT calculations indicate that the hydrogen bond to cocrystallized acetamide plays a key role in stabilizing the CeO moiety of 1 in the solid state. Complex 1 exhibits oxidizing and nucleophilic reactivity.
Formation, Expansion, and Interconversion of Metallarings in a Sulfur‐Bridged AuICoIII Coordination System
Authors: Oji Katsuya , Igashira‐Kamiyama Asako , Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA novel AuICoIII coordination system that is derived from the newly prepared [Co(D‐nmp)2]− (1−; D‐nmp=N‐methyl‐D‐penicillaminate) and a gold(I) precursor AuI is reported. Complex 1− acts as a sulfur‐donating metallaligand and reacts with the gold(I) precursor to give [Au2Co2(D‐nmp)4] (2), which has an eight‐membered AuI2CoIII2 metallaring. Treatment of 2 with [Au2(dppe)2]2+ (dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) leads to the formation of [Au4Co2(dppe)2(D‐nmp)4]2+ (32+), which consists of an 18‐membered AuI4CoIII2 metallaring that accommodates a tetrahedral anion (BF4−, ClO4−, ReO4−). In solution, the metallaring structure of 32+ is readily interconvertible with the nine‐membered AuI2CoIII metallaring structure of [Au2Co(dppe)(D‐nmp)2]+ (4+); this process depends on external factors, such as solvent, concentration, and nature of the counteranion. These results reveal the lability of the AuS and AuP bonds, which is essential for metallaring expansion and contraction.
Brief Report: Inadequate Description and Discussion of Enrolled Patient Characteristics and Potential Inter–Study Site Differences in Reports of Randomized Controlled Trials: A Systematic Survey in Six Rheumatology Journals
Authors: Yurdakul Sebahattin , Mustafa Bediha Nezhdi , Fresko Izzet , Seyahi Emire , Yazici Hasan 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveDetailed information on patient recruitment and study settings is an important component of reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We had the impression that many RCTs published in rheumatology journals lacked this information. This study was undertaken to systemically survey this matter in 6 leading journals.MethodsA hand search was conducted for RCTs published in 2011 and 2012 in Arthritis & Rheumatism, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, Rheumatology (Oxford), Arthritis Care & Research, The Journal of Rheumatology, and Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. Using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines, 2 observers evaluated the articles for the inclusion of patient eligibility criteria, including method of recruitment; study health care settings; geographic location; and, among multicenter studies, a discussion of possible effects of intercenter differences on outcomes.ResultsAmong 118 articles, an informative account of the method of recruitment was available in 36 (30.5%). Information about the study health care setting was found in 56 (47.5%). Patient socioeconomic profile was available in 11 (9.3%), patient education level in 10 (8.4%), and patient race in 48 (40.7%). Among 76 multicenter studies, the potential effects of possible intercenter differences on outcome were discussed in 13 (17.1%). There were no important differences between the 3 journals that emphasized the use of CONSORT in their author guidelines and the remaining 3 journals.ConclusionAdequate information on patient recruitment, the trial setting, and a discussion of possible multicenter design effects on outcomes are lacking in the majority of RCT reports in rheumatology. This affects the validity of these reports and calls for closer attention of authors, journals, and reviewers.
Amplatzer left atrial appendage occlusion through a patent foramen ovale
Authors: Koermendy Dezsoe , Nietlispach Fabian , Shakir Samera , Gloekler Steffen , Wenaweser Peter , Windecker Stephan , Khattab Ahmed A. , Meier Bernhard 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo assess feasibility and outcomes of left atrial appendage (LAA) closure when using a patent foramen ovale (PFO) for left atrial access. Background: Because of the fear of entering the left atrium too high, using a PFO for left atrial access during LAA occlusion (LAAO) is generally discouraged. We report our single‐center experience using a concomitant PFO for LAAO, thereby avoiding transseptal puncture.MethodsLAAO was performed with local anesthesia and fluoroscopic guidance only (no echocardiography). The Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (ACP) was used in all patients. After LAAO, the PFO was closed at the same sitting, using an Amplatzer occluder through the ACP delivery sheath. Patients were discharged the same or the following day on dual antiplatelet therapy for 1–6 months, at which time a follow‐up transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was performed.ResultsIn 49 (96%) of 51 patients (35 males, age 70.9 ± 11.9 years), LAAO was successful using the PFO for left atrial access. In one patient, a long tunnel PFO precluded LAAO, which was performed via a more caudal transseptal puncture. In a second patient, a previously inserted ASD occluder precluded LAAO, which was abandoned because of pericardial bleeding. PFO closure was successful in all patients. Follow‐up TEE was performed in 43 patients 138 ± 34 days after the procedure. It showed proper sitting of both devices in all patients.ConclusionsUsing a PFO for LAAO had a high success rate and could be the default access in all patients with a PFO, potentially reducing procedural complications arising from transseptal puncture. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reducing radiation exposure during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)
Authors: Sharma Divyesh , Ramsewak Adesh , O'Conaire Sean , Manoharan Ganesh , Spence Mark S. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo establish radiation dose and determine the effect of changes in cine‐fluoroscopic image acquisition settings on radiation dose and procedural outcomes in consecutive patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).BackgroundThe radiation dose during TAVI has not been extensively investigated. Methods to keep doses as low as reasonably achievable should be established for the safety of both the patient and the interventional team involved.MethodsData on radiation exposure was collected for 36 consecutive patients undergoing TAVI using standard image acquisition settings (SS) and 36 consecutive patients using modified image acquisition settings (LS). Radiation dose was recorded using an integrated dosimeter as dose area product (DAP). Data on patient characteristics, screening time, procedure time, contrast volume, and procedural outcomes were recorded prospectively. We also collected radiation dose data on 40 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the same catheterisation laboratory.ResultsThe median DAP for the LS group was significantly lower at 74.6 Gy*cm2 compared to a dose of 102.4 Gy*cm2 for the SS group (P = 0.008). There were no significant differences in the screening times, procedure times, and contrast volume used. Overall, there was no difference in procedural outcomes between the two groups. The radiation dose for TAVI procedures (SS group) was comparable to PCI procedures (102.4 Gy*cm2 vs. 94.6 Gy*cm2) using the same settings in the same catheterisation laboratory.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the radiation exposure to the patient can be significantly and simply reduced using modified dose acquisition settings for TAVI without affecting procedural outcomes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interaction of Fluorescently Labeled Triethyleneglycol and Peptide Derivatives with β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Alouini Mohamed‐Anis , Moustoifa El‐Farouck , Rubio‐Albenque Sandra , Berthelot Thomas , Fery‐Forgues Suzanne , Déléris Gérard 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA triethyleneglycol (TEG) chain, a linear peptide, and a cyclic peptide labeled with 7‐methoxycoumarin‐3‐carboxylic acid (MC) and 7‐diethylaminocoumarin‐3‐carboxylic acid (DAC) were used to thoroughly study Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in inclusion complexes. 1H NMR evidence was given for the formation of a 1:1 inclusion complex between β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and the fluorophore moieties of model compounds. The binding constant was 20 times higher for DAC than for MC derivatives. Molecular modeling provided additional information. The UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence properties were studied and the energy transfer process was quantified. Fluorescence quenching was particularly strong for the peptide derivatives. The presence of β‐CDs reduced the FRET efficiency slightly. Dye‐labeled peptide derivatives can thus be used to form inclusion complexes with β‐CDs and retain most of their FRET properties. This paves the way for their subsequent use in analytical devices that are designed to measure the activity of matrix metalloproteinases.
Insights into Stabilization of the 99TcVO Core for Synthesis of 99TcVO Compounds
Authors: McGregor Donna , Burton‐Pye Benjamin P. , Lukens Wayne W. , Howell Robertha C. , Francesconi Lynn C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSynthesis of technetium‐99 (99Tc; t1/2: 2.1 × 105 years, βmax: 253 keV) materials is of importance in studies of the nuclear fuel cycle where Tc is a major fission product (6 % thermal yield from 235U and 239Pu), in understanding radioactive tank waste composition, and in identifying 99mTc compounds for nuclear medicine imaging. One of the most useful synthetic starting materials, (NBu4)TcOCl4, is susceptible to disproportionation in water to form TcO4– and TcIV species, especially TcO2·2H2O. This unwanted reaction is especially problematic when working with ligands bearing “hard” donor atoms, such as oxygen, where the stability with the “soft” TcV=O3+ core may be low. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are such ligands. They possess defect sites with four hard oxygen atoms and show low (ca. 108) stability constants with transition metals. Tc complexes of POMs are molecular‐level models for Tc metal oxide solid‐state materials and can provide information on coordination and redox environments of metal oxides that stabilize low‐valent Tc. In order to synthesize pure Tc POM complexes [TcVO(α1‐P2W17O61)]7– (TcVO‐α1) and [TcVO(α2‐P2W17O61)]7– (TcVO‐α2) from (NBu4)TcOCl4, we have identified strategies that minimize formation of TcIV species and optimize the formation of pure TcV species. The parameters that we consider are the amount of ethylene glycol, which is employed as a “transfer ligand” to prevent hydrolysis of (NBu4)TcOCl4, and the precipitating agent. The TcIV species that contaminates the non‐optimized syntheses is likely a TcIV μ‐oxido‐bridged dimer [TcIV‐(μ‐O)2‐TcIV]. We also employ a novel procedure where the α2 ligand is photoactivated and reduced (in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor) to subsequently reduce TcVIIO4– to an isolatable TcVO‐α2 product that is remarkably free of TcIV.
Nitrile‐Rich Borate Anions – Application in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Harloff Jörg , Karsch Markus , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe cyano‐rich borate anion [B(tceg)2]– (tceg = tetracyanoethylene glycolate) has been synthesized in a two‐step reaction from Na[B(OMe)4] with two equivalents of the cyanohydrin analogue Me3SiOC2(CN)4OSiMe3. The structures of the starting materials, an isolated intermediate Na2[B2(OMe)2(tceg)3], and Na[B(tceg)2] are discussed. Thermal studies of WCC[B(tceg)2] [WCC = 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (EMIm), 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (BMIm), 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (OMIm), Me4N, Et4N, and Bu4N], synthesized by salt metathesis, showed that the compounds with EMIm, BMIm, OMIm, and Bu4N have ionic liquid properties. The synthesis, structure, and analytical results of Me3SiOC(CN)3 are discussed as well as the results of its conversion with Na[B(OMe)4].