bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THELIFTEROFHEAVY BODIES OF HERON OF ALEXANDRIA IN THE IRANIAN WORLD
Authors: FERRIELLO GIUSEPPINA 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle ABSTRACT /title The contribution considers several Persian codices, found in recent years, that were inspired by Book II of Heron's Mechanics. Made in the Iranian context, their existence imposes the integration of the studies performed on the guide of Greek fragments and on the Arabic version of Qusta Ibn Luqa al-Ba'albakk that have inspired all of the translators of European languages. Moreover, the distribution of the texts in a wider and wider temporal and cultural space and their noticeable correlations suggest searches in fields up to now neglected by the historians of science, just like the Iranian one, abounding of documents and texts.
GALILEO'S DISCORSI AND MERSENNE'S NOUVELLES PENSEES: MERSENNE AS A READER OF GALILEAN 'EXPERIENCE'
Authors: RAPHAEL RENEE 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle ABSTRACT /title This study examines Marin Mersenne's 1639 Nouvelles Pensees de Galilee, a translation and adaptation of Galileo Galilei's 1638 Discorsi. I use the translation as a window into how Mersenne, a reader trained in natural philosophy, read and understood Galileo's text and, in particular, Galileo's use of experience to support his claims. This analysis reveals that Mersenne drew on a variety of techniques and conceptions of experience in rendering Galileo's individual accounts of experience and experiment. The differences in the way the two authors relate discourse and experience is shown to be linked to their choices of genre and the varying motivations each brought to their texts.
UNA COLLEZIONE DI STRUMENTARIA SCIENTIFICA ALL'AVVENTO DELL'OSPEDALE MODERNO: GLI STRUMENTI FISICO-MATEMATICI DI VINCENZO VIVIANI E L'OSPEDALE DI SANTA MARIA NUOVA DI FIRENZE (1871-1895) *
Authors: DIANA ESTHER 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle ABSTRACT /title A Collection of ScientificInstrumentsat theDawnof theModern Hospital: Vincenzo Viviani'sPhysical-Mathematical Instrumentsand SantaMariaHospital in Florence(1871-1895) - Around the second half of the nineteenth century, the collection of physics-mathematical instruments that Vincenzo Viviani (1622-1703) had bequeathed to the Santa Maria Nuova Hospital of Florence stirred new interest. The process of modernising the hospital was indeed to lead to the progressive alienation of the institution's rich historical patrimony, including the scientific collections. In tracing back the negotiations that led to the sale of the Viviani collection, archive documents have also brought to light the collection inventory, which is now proposed anew to help recount the history of how scientific instruments became museum collectibles in Florence.
INTORNO ALL'INVENZIONE DELLA SPIRALE GEOMETRICA. UNA LETTERA INEDITA DI TORRICELLI A MICHELANGELO RICCI
Authors: BARONCELLI GIOVANNA 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title A published version of a letter from Evangelista Torricelli to Michelangelo Ricci. It presents the invention of a new spiral: the geometric spiral.
VINCENZO CORONELLI: VITA E OPERE. AGGIORNAMENTI
Authors: FRANCO LOREDANA 
Published: November 2012

Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>Aim of the article is to collect all the published information on a scientist who still deserves further study. The author intends to highlight the relations between Vincenzo Coronelli's career, scientific work, original contributions and the historical context from which they emerged. This work, which began in 1982, is aimed at deepening the research on Coronelli's works and his ties with Gorizia which has been promoted by the Minoriti Conventuali in order to celebrate 350 years from his birth.
STUDIO SU UN GRUPPO DI COMPASSI ROMANI PROVENIENTI DA POMPEI*
Authors: DI PASQUALE GIOVANNI 
Published: November 2012

Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>The Pompei excavations have given us a good number of bronze compasses from the Roman period. Today these are conserved in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples. The paucity of findings of this instrument, apart from these found in the area around Vesuvius, should not mislead us; in the Roman world the compass was well known and diffused in various types according to the needs of different applications. They were used by mathematicians, architects, surveyors, ceramicists and sculptors. The particular archaeological context from which these derive, they illustrate a clear connection between precision instruments and the historical circumstances of Pompei in the first century A.D.: the eruption of 79 A.D. caught the city be surprise just as it was being rebuilt after the severe earthquake damage of 62 A.D.
OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE AND THE EVOLUTION OF PTOLEMY'S LUNAR MODEL
Authors: STRANO GIORGIO , DEL SANTO PAOLO 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title L'analisi del metodo classico introdotto da Ipparco per determinare il raggio dell'epiciclo lunare basato sull'osservazione di terne di eclissi, e dei metodi e delle procedure che successivamente condussero Tolomeo alla forma definitiva del suo modello lunare, suggerisce nuove valutazioni circa la genesi e il significato della prosneusis, da sempre ritenuta un espediente del tutto insoddisfacente, e mostra i limiti del tradizionale approccio storiografico alla questione.
NOTA SU UNA LENTE PER CANNOCCHIALE FIRMATA DOMENICO SELVA
Authors: PATERNOSTER G. , RINZIVELLO R. , SCHETTINO E. 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The authors measure the optical properties of an objective lens for a telescope, signed Domenico Selva and recently discovered in the teaching laboratories of the Department of Physical Sciences of the University of Naples. They determine the composition of the glass by means of the technique of X-ray fluorescence. The lens was probably made during the first half of the eighteenth century by Domenico Selva or by his son Lorenzo.
STRUMENTARIA ALCUNE CONSIDERAZIONI SUL MAXIMUS TUBUS DI HEVELIUS
Authors: MONACO GIUSEPPE 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The longer focus telescope of Hevelius - named the Maximus Tubus - is often called aerial telescope or telescope without a tube. But the name Maximus Tubus that Hevelius assigned shows the presence of the tube. The instrument actually was made by Tito Livio Burattini, an Italian scientist and instrument maker who lived in Poland. He made the instrument in accordance with a plan by Candido Del Buono. The telescope, in place of the long wooden tube, was made of a wooden axis on which tubular sections of paper or cloth were placed.
ALLE ORIGINI DELLA TEORIA DELL'ATTO BIOLOGICO DI VIKTOR VON WEIZSCKER
Authors: RASINI VALLORI 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title Between the thirties and forties of this century, drawing on a number of studies of perception and phenomena of sensory illusion, the neurophysiologist Viktor von Weizsacker developed a conception of organic matter which was fundamentally different to the physiological and biological tradition of his time. For this reason, his theory of the Gestaltkreis required a profound revision of the methodological and conceptual instruments to be used in the study of man, and of the organism more generally. The organic entity is not a comparible object to the entities of physics, and its analysis cannot be subjected to the same criteria and methods of that science. This being is properly termed a biological act, a dynamic reality whose structure is circular and cannot be divided into different phases connected by means of causal relationships. Organic processes involve a particular relationship between the biological entity and its environment, and as a consequence it is impossible to remove it from its context. Instead, it is necessary to evaluate the spatial and temporal positions in which it is located in new, non-objective terms. Weizscker's conception, sensitive to the movement of neovitalism (to which he was nonetheless firmly opposed) and to ideas typical of Romantic science, is essentially opposed to the legacy of mechanism, in the name of a biology as the science of a peculiar object, of which one cannot ignore the subjective component.
ISTITUZIONI E FONTI I CATALOGHI BOTANICI DEL GIARDINO DI VILLA LA LOGGIA FRA TRADIZIONE ED INNOVAZIONE
Authors: GRIFONI TIZIANA 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title This article examines the nature of the Florentine garden of the villa La Loggia, property of Marchese Niccolo Panciatichi, with the benefit of the discovery of the first manuscript catalogue describing the botanical collection of the nobleman. The author reconstructs the events that led this garden to become a trait d'union between tradition and innovation in the botanical field, with particular regard for the new species introduced from Abysinnia by the English explorer James Bruce and entrusted to the care of the gardener and botanical experimenter Giuseppe Piccioli, who belonged to a true dynasty of gardener-botanists, and was responsible for the second catalogue of the garden in 1783.
CREATION AND DESTRUCTION OF CORPUSCLES
Authors: MONTI DALIDA 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Il nucleo centrale di questo articolo costituito dall'analisi e dalla discussione dei dettagli di cui costituito un quadro storiografico definito: tale quadro nel suo complesso ritrae come strutturalmente simmetriche due descrizioni fisiche che si rintracciano, rispettivamente, in due teorie apparentemente scorrelate per quanto riguarda gli ambiti di ricerca, le problematiche da cui esse sono scaturite e le finalit che si proponeva il loro autore. Si tratta della descrizione dei fenomeni di emissione e assorbimento di luce (contenuta in un articolo di Dirac del 1927 cui comunemente ci si riferisce con il nome Dirac's QED) e di quella dei fenomeni di creazione e distruzione di coppie e+ - e- (contenuto nel cosiddetto modello delle holes dello stesso Dirac, del 1929). Di una tale simmetria si sono gi fatti cenni sparsi in letteratura e l'intento qui di studiarla e approfondirne i termini in modo da sostenere la seguente tesi: il rapporto tra le due teorie in esame non si configura soltanto nei termini di un parallelismo, ma soprattutto in quelli di un preciso percorso storico, che sostenibile su un piano logico. Il Dirac's holes model, cos, risulta come il frutto di una riflessione iniziata in seno alla Dirac's QED a proposito dei fondamenti matematici e degli schemi concettuali della nuova meccanica quantistica: nelle due strutture teoriche, infatti, possibile individuare alcune forme permanenti che, estratte da un contesto teorico e riproposte nell'altro, comportano un trasferimento e una generazione di conoscenza.
EU VALUE PROMOTION ANDTHEEUROPEAN NEIGHBORHOOD POLICY1
Authors: HAGLUND-MORRISSEY ANNE 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Summary: This study explores the EU "value diffusion strategy" included in its foreign policy, seen through the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP). The main argument is that the ENP can be seen as a framework through which the EU is trying to diffuse its common values and norms. Instead of offering a future EU membership as the main "carrot" for reforms - an efficient instrument to diffuse its values to neighboring European states - it is trying to exert influence by other means, such as using discursive practices, opening up EU agencies, programs and policies for the participation of the partner countries, granting financial aid, as well as by institutionalizing the relationship. Mainly positive conditionality is present, aiming at promoting norm compliance and reforms by the partner countries. However, negative conditionality may be applied as well.
NATIONALISM AND DEMOCRACY: POST-AUTHORITARIAN SERBIA AND GREECE
Authors: STJEPANOVIC DEJAN 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Summary: The article analyses post-authoritarian societies of Serbia and Greece in reference to nationalism and the process of democratization. It is a study of the post-dictatorial Greek and Serbian societies in the periods following the end of the Junta and Milosevic's rules. The comparison of these two cases identifies legacy and elements of continuity of the past regimes as features detrimental to the democratization process. The article discusses the inextricable link between the types of "revolutions" or regime changes, where a significant segment of power remained in the hands of the old regimes' structures, which resulted in the creation of somewhat truncated democracies. Failed military ventures and national projects as crucial factors in the development of these post-authoritarian societies are analyzed as well. The case studies of Greece and Serbia and their transitions to democracy, which the article deals with, contribute to better understanding of democratization models and their successful implementation.
Predictable variations in auditory pitch modulate the spatial processing of visual stimuli: An ERP study
Authors: Vera-Constán Fátima , Fernández-Prieto Irune , García-Morera Joel , Navarra Jordi 
Published: November 2012

We investigated whether perceiving predictable ‘ups and downs’ in acoustic pitch (as can be heard in musical melodies) can influence the spatial processing of visual stimuli as a consequence of a ‘spatial recoding’ of sound (see Foster and Zatorre, 2010; Rusconi et al., 2006). Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants performed a color discrimination task of a visual target that could appear either above or below a centrally-presented fixation point. Each experimental trial started with an auditory isochronous stream of 11 tones including a high- and a low-pitched tone. The visual target appeared isochronously after the last tone. In the ‘non-predictive’ condition, the tones were presented in an erratic fashion (e.g., ‘high-low-low-high-high-low-high …’). In the ‘predictive condition’, the melodic combination of high- and low-pitched tones was highly predictable (e.g., ‘low-high-low-high-low …’). Within the predictive condition, the visual stimuli appeared congruently or incongruently with respect to the melody (‘… low-high-low-high-low-UP’ or ‘… low-high-low-high-low-DOWN’, respectively). Participants showed faster responses when the visual target appeared after a predictive melody. Electrophysiologically, early (25–150 ms) amplitude effects of predictability were observed in frontal and parietal regions, spreading to central regions (N1) afterwards. Predictability effects were also found in the P2–N2 complex and the P3 in central and parietal regions. Significant auditory-to-visual congruency effects were also observed in the parieto-occipital P3 component. Our findings reveal the existence of crossmodal effects of perceiving auditory isochronous melodies on visual temporal orienting. More importantly, our results suggest that pitch information can be transformed into a spatial code that shapes the spatial processing in other modalities such as vision.
Persistent perceptual delay for head movement onset relative to auditory stimuli of different duration and rise times
Authors: Raeder Sophie , Bülthoff Heinrich H. , Barnett-Cowan Michael 
Published: November 2012

The perception of simultaneity between auditory and vestibular information is crucially important for maintaining a coherent representation of the acoustic environment whenever the head moves. Yet, despite similar transduction latencies, vestibular stimuli are perceived significantly later than auditory stimuli when simultaneously generated (Barnett-Cowan and Harris, 2009, 2011). However, these studies paired a vestibular stimulation of long duration (∼1 s) and of a continuously changing temporal envelope with brief (10–50 ms) sound pulses. In the present study the stimuli were matched for temporal envelope. Participants judged the temporal order of the onset of an active head movement and of brief (50 ms) or long (1400 ms) sounds with a square or raised-cosine shaped envelope. Consistent with previous reports, head movement onset had to precede the onset of a brief sound by about 73 ms in order to be perceived as simultaneous. Head movements paired with long square sounds (∼100 ms) were not significantly different than brief sounds. Surprisingly, head movements paired with long raised-cosine sound (∼115 ms) had to be presented even earlier than brief stimuli. This additional lead time could not be accounted for by differences in the comparison stimulus characteristics (duration and temporal envelope). Rather, differences among sound conditions were found to be attributable to variability in the time for head movement to reach peak velocity: the head moved faster when paired with a brief sound. The persistent lead time required for vestibular stimulation provides further evidence that the perceptual latency of vestibular stimulation is larger compared to auditory stimuli.
Multisensory processing in synesthesia — differences in the EEG signal during uni- and multimodal processing
Authors: Sinke Christopher , Neufeld Janina , Wiswede Daniel , Emrich Hinderk M. , Bleich Stefan , Szycik Gregor R. 
Published: November 2012

Synesthesia is a condition in which stimulation in one processing stream (e.g., letters or music) leads to perception in an unstimulated processing stream (e.g., colors). Behavioral differences in mutisensory processing have been shown for multimodal illusions, but the differences in neural processing are still unclear. In the present study, we examined uni- and multimodal processing in 14 people with synesthesia and 13 controls using EEG recordings and a simple detection task. Stimuli were either presented acoustically, visually or multimodaly (simultaneous visual and auditory stimulation). In the multimodal condition, auditory and visual stimuli were either matching or mismatching (e.g., a lion either roaring or ringing). The subjects had to press a button as soon as something was presented visually or acoustically. Results: ERPs revealed occipital group differences in the negative amplitude between 100 and 200 ms after stimulus presentation. Relative to controls, synesthetes showed an increased negative component peaking around 150 ms. This group difference is found in all visual conditions. Unimodal acoustical stimulation leads to increased negative amplitude in synesthetes in the same time window over parietal and visual electrodes. Overall this shows that processing in the occipital lobe is different in synesthetes independent of the stimulated modality. In addition, differences in the negative amplitude between processing of incongruent and congruent multimodal stimuli could be detected in the same time window between synesthetes and controls over left frontal sites. This shows that also multimodal integration processes are different in synesthetes.
Modifying infants’ sensitivity to audiovisual temporal mismatch
Authors: Pons Ferran , Teixidó Maria , García-Morera Joel , Navarra Jordi 
Published: November 2012

Studies in adults reveal that a short-term exposure to asynchronous audiovisual signals induces temporal realignment between these signals (Di Luca et al., 2009; Fujisaki et al., 2004; Navarra et al., 2009; Vroomen et al., 2004). In contrast with this evidence in adults, Lewkowicz (2010) observed that infants increased their sensitivity to AV asynchrony after exposure to asynchronous AV speech. We investigated whether brief experience with an asynchronous AV event would increase infants’ ability to discriminate AV synchrony from asynchrony in non-speech stimuli or else induce temporal realignment as observed in adults. Twenty-four 6-month-old infants were tested in two phases (Test 1 and 2) using an intersensory paired-preference procedure, with simple stimuli (two balls bouncing against the floor — one ball bouncing in synchrony while the other one in asynchrony with respect to the bouncing sound). Between Test 1 and 2, infants were exposed to AV asynchrony (a presentation of an audiovisually asynchronous bouncing ball). The results revealed that infants detected the difference between AV synchrony and asynchrony only after being exposed to an asynchronous AV event. Our findings support the idea that experience with AV asynchrony has different consequences for adults and infants: while temporal AV recalibration is observed in adults, an increase of the sensitivity to AV asynchrony is observed in infants.
The effect of task-irrelevant stimulus ‘graspability’ on reaching actions
Authors: Couth Samuel , Poliakoff Ellen , Gowen Emma 
Published: November 2012

Reaching and grasping requires integration of visual, proprioceptive and somatosensory inputs. Previous research has shown that manipulating the ‘graspabilty’ of a visual stimulus influences reaction times to that stimulus (e.g., Tucker and Ellis, 1998). Here we explored whether this same effect can be extended to the planning and online control of arm movements. Participants made a mimed reaching movement with their left or right hand depending on the colour of images of affordance (door handles) and control stimuli (a row of dots of similar size and orientation as the door handle). Stimulus onset was manipulated by changing when the grey stimulus changed colour. Stimuli either pointed towards (compatible) or pointed away from (incompatible) the responding hand. Spatially compatible affordance stimuli facilitated reach onset compared to other stimuli and compatibility combinations, replicating previous reaction time studies. This can be attributed to a priming of the motor system by spatially compatible affording items. Results also indicated a larger outwards deviation of reach trajectory for spatially incompatible control stimuli compared to spatially compatible control stimuli, which waned with stimulus onset delay. This reveals an immediate inhibitory effect on reach trajectory, such that outwards movement is over-compensated to negate this incompatible orientation. Overall, we observed that the effect of visual spatial compatibility on reach kinematics differs with the action relevance of the stimulus. We are currently exploring how this multisensory visuomotor effect changes with age.
Recovery periods of event-related potentials indicating crossmodal interactions between the visual, auditory and tactile system
Authors: Hense Marlene , Habets Boukje , Roeder Brigitte 
Published: November 2012

In sequential unimodal stimulus designs the time it takes for an event-related potential (ERP)-amplitude to recover is often interpreted as a transient decrement in responsiveness of the generating cortical circuits. This effect has been called neural refractoriness, which is the larger the more similar the repeated stimuli are and thus indicates the degree of overlap between the neural generator systems activated by two sequential stimuli. We hypothesize that crossmodal refractoriness-effects in a crossmodal sequential design might be a good parameter to assess the ‘modality overlap’ in the involved neural generators and the degree of crossmodal interaction. In order to investigate crossmodal ERP refractory period effects we presented visual and auditory (Experiment 1) and visual and tactile stimuli (Experiment 2) with inter stimulus intervals of 1 and 2 s to adult participants. Participants had to detect rare auditory and visual stimuli. Both, intra- and crossmodal ISI effects for all modalities were found for three investigated ERP-deflections (P1, N1, P2). The topography of the crossmodal refractory period effect of the N1- and P2-deflections in Experiment 1 and of P1 and N1 in Experiment 2 of both modalities was similar to the corresponding intramodal refractory effect, yet more confined and crossmodal effects were generally weaker. The crossmodal refractory effect for the visual P1, however, had a distinct, less circumscribed topography with respect to the intramodal effect. These results suggest that ERP refractory effects might be a promising indicator of the neural correlates of crossmodal interactions.