bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La caresse de l’art et les « Mères de la Place de Mai »
Authors: Verstraeten Alice 
Published: July 2013

La disparition forcée est un crime invisible et indicible. Il semble impossible de représenter un tel crime « continu », fait d’une douleur exponentielle. Pourtant des femmes, les « Mères de la Place de Mai » argentines, sont parvenues à résister. Leur combat se place non dans le champ de la violence répondant à la violence, mais dans le champ de la maternité, de la tendresse, de la caresse. En chemin, elles se sont entourées d’art et d’artistes, car elles retrouvent-là l’essentiel de leurs armes contre la sclérose de la pensée et la terreur. Anthropologue travaillant à leurs côtés, j’ai pu les mettre en lien avec Michèle Lepeer, une artiste peintre. Et observer ce qui émergeait de leur rencontre. Leurs démarches éthiques et politiques se rejoignent dans la volonté de s’inscrire dans une chaîne de transmission, dans la volonté de rattraper le symbolique en lambeaux et d’offrir un espace-temps où inscrire les disparus, une sépulture à ces morts non reconnus. Enfin, leurs démarches se recoupent dans l’attention portée à l’intime pour dire l’histoire collective (forme de microhistoire).Ensemble, elles opposent à l’abîme de la culture de petits liens culturels sans cesse renouvelés, exploratoires. Et l’anthropologue n’est plus que le passeur de témoin.
El gesto expresivo en la gráfica de Leopoldo Méndez
Authors: Torres Arroyo Ana María 
Published: July 2013

En 1939 Leopoldo Méndez realizó una carpeta con siete litografías titulada : En el nombre de Cristo… han asesinado a más de 200 maestros. El artículo analiza las imágenes a partir de las ideas estético-políticas de Méndez y su postura anticlerical.
Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri Infection Activates Colonic Foxp3+ T Cells Enhancing Their Capacity To Prevent Colitis
Authors: Hang Long , Blum Arthur M. , Setiawan Tommy , Urban Joseph P. , Stoyanoff Korynn M. , Weinstock Joel V. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Helminthic infections protect mice from colitis in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease and also may protect people. Helminths like Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri can induce regulatory T cells (Treg). Experiments explored whether H. polygyrus bakeri infection could protect mice from colitis through activation of colonic Treg and examined mechanisms of action. We showed that H. polygyrus bakeri infection increased the number of T cells expressing Foxp3 in the colon. More importantly, Foxp3+/IL-10− and Foxp3+/IL-10+ T cell subsets isolated from the colon of H. polygyrus bakeri–infected mice prevented colitis when adoptively transferred into a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease, whereas Treg from uninfected mice could not provide protection. Only the transferred colonic Foxp3+/IL-10− T cells from H. polygyrus bakeri–infected mice readily accumulated in the colon and mesenteric lymph nodes of recipient mice, and they reconstituted the Foxp3+/IL-10− and Foxp3+/IL-10+ T cell subsets. However, transferred Foxp3+/IL-10+ T cells disappeared. IL-10 expression by Foxp3+ T cells was necessary for colitis prevention. Thus, H. polygyrus bakeri infection activates colonic Foxp3+ T cells, making them highly regulatory. The Foxp3+ T cells that fail to express IL-10 may be critical for populating the colon with the Foxp3+/IL-10+ T cells, which are required to control colitis.
Novel Role for Molecular Transporter Importin 9 in Posttranscriptional Regulation of IFN-ε Expression
Authors: Matsumiya Tomoh , Xing Fei , Ebina Masayuki , Hayakari Ryo , Imaizumi Tadaatsu , Yoshida Hidemi , Kikuchi Hideaki , Topham Matthew K. , Satoh Kei , Stafforini Diana M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
IFN-ε is a unique type I IFN whose constitutive expression in lung, brain, small intestine, and reproductive tissues is only partially understood. Our previous observation that posttranscriptional events participate in the regulation of IFN-ε mRNA expression led us to investigate whether the 5′ and/or 3′ untranslated regions (UTR) have regulatory functions. Surprisingly, we found that full-length IFN-ε 5′UTR markedly suppressed mRNA expression under basal conditions. Analysis of the secondary structure of this region predicted formation of two stable stem-loop structures, loops 1 and 2. Studies using luciferase constructs harboring various stretches of IFN-ε 5′UTR and mutant constructs in which the conformation of loop structures was disrupted showed that loop 1 is essential for regulation of mRNA expression. Incubation of HeLa cell extracts with agarose-bound RNAs harboring IFN-ε loop structures identified importin 9 (IPO9), a molecular transporter and chaperone, as a candidate that associates with these regions of the 5′UTR. IPO9 overexpression decreased, and IPO9 silencing increased basal IFN-ε expression. Our studies uncover a previously undescribed function for IPO9 as a specific, and negative, posttranscriptional regulator of IFN-ε expression, and they identify key roles for IFN-ε stem-loop structure 1 in this process. IPO9-mediated effects on 5′UTRs appear to extend to additional mRNAs, including hypoxia-inducible factor–1α, that can form specific loop structures.
Conditional Deletion of PTEN in Peripheral T Cells Augments TCR-Mediated Activation but Does Not Abrogate CD28 Dependency or Prevent Anergy Induction
Authors: Locke Frederick L. , Zha Yuan-yuan , Zheng Yan , Driessens Gregory , Gajewski Thomas F. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
PTEN is thought to play a critical role in T cell activation by negatively regulating the PI3K signaling pathway important for cellular activation, growth, and proliferation. To directly eliminate PTEN in postthymic T cells for studies of functional effects, we used CAR transgenic × PTENflox/flox mice, which enabled gene deletion using a Cre adenovirus in vitro. These mice were also immunized to generate stable Th1 clones that could have PTEN deleted when desired. PTEN-deleted T cells exhibited enhanced IL-2 production, proliferation, and Akt phosphorylation upon TCR/CD28 engagement, whereas T cell survival was not potentiated. Gene expression profiling revealed a small subset of induced genes that were augmented upon PTEN deletion. However, PTEN-deficient T cells still required CD28 costimulation for IL-2 production and remained susceptible to anti-CD3–induced anergy. The absence of PTEN within the CD8 T cell compartment led to markedly increased cytolytic activity following an allogeneic MLR in vitro, without increasing autologous MLR activity. Our results indicate that deletion of PTEN can augment the activation of postthymic T cells but does not mediate CD28 independence or anergy resistance. Nonetheless, PTEN inhibition may be a viable target for immune potentiation owing to increased cytokine production by activated CD4+ cells and increased cytotoxicity by CD8+ T cells.
Human Invariant NKT Cell Subsets Differentially Promote Differentiation, Antibody Production, and T Cell Stimulation by B Cells In Vitro
Authors: Zeng Shijuan Grace , Ghnewa Yasmeen G. , O’Reilly Vincent P. , Lyons Victoria G. , Atzberger Ann , Hogan Andrew E. , Exley Mark A. , Doherty Derek G. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Invariant NK T (iNKT) cells can provide help for B cell activation and Ab production. Because B cells are also capable of cytokine production, Ag presentation, and T cell activation, we hypothesized that iNKT cells will also influence these activities. Furthermore, subsets of iNKT cells based on CD4 and CD8 expression that have distinct functional activities may differentially affect B cell functions. We investigated the effects of coculturing expanded human CD4+, CD8α+, and CD4−CD8α− double-negative (DN) iNKT cells with autologous peripheral B cells in vitro. All iNKT cell subsets induced IgM, IgA, and IgG release by B cells without needing the iNKT cell agonist ligand α-galactosylceramide. Additionally, CD4+ iNKT cells induced expansions of cells with phenotypes of regulatory B cells. When cocultured with α-galactosylceramide–pulsed B cells, CD4+ and DN iNKT cells secreted Th1 and Th2 cytokines but at 10–1000-fold lower levels than when cultured with dendritic cells. CD4+ iNKT cells reciprocally induced IL-4 and IL-10 production by B cells. DN iNKT cells expressed the cytotoxic degranulation marker CD107a upon exposure to B cells. Remarkably, whereas iNKT cell subsets could induce CD40 and CD86 expression by B cells, iNKT cell–matured B cells were unable to drive proliferation of autologous and alloreactive conventional T cells, as seen with B cells cultured in the absence of iNKT cells. Therefore, human CD4+, CD8α+, and DN iNKT cells can differentially promote and regulate the induction of Ab and T cell responses by B cells.
Control of In Vivo Collateral Damage Generated by T Cell Immunity
Authors: Thangavelu Govindarajan , Gill Ronald G. , Boon Louis , Ellestad Kristofor K. , Anderson Colin C. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
An ongoing dilemma faced during an immune response is generating an effective, often proinflammatory response to eliminate pathogens and/or infected cells while also minimizing collateral damage to adjacent noninfected tissues. The factors limiting bystander cell injury during an Ag-specific immune response in vivo are largely unknown. In this study, using an in vivo model of islet transplants in TCR transgenic mice, we show that both CD4 and CD8 T cells do have the capacity to inflict adjacent tissue damage and that this injury is greatly enhanced in sensitized hosts. CD4 T cell–mediated killing of specific and bystander cells occurred via different mechanisms. Unlike specific target cell killing, CD4-mediated bystander injury required tissue Fas expression and was inhibited with anti–IFN-γ Ab treatment in vivo. Moreover, bystander cell injury was not entirely nonspecific but rather required, in naive recipients, that the MHC allele expressed by the bystanders was self. Importantly, the coinhibitor programmed death-1 plays an important role in restraining bystander cell injury mediated either by defined TCR transgenic T cells or by polyclonal T cell populations. Thus, the differential requirements for specific versus bystander cell injury suggest that there are opportunities for inhibiting immune pathology without compromising Ag-specific immunity in vivo.
HLA-F and MHC-I Open Conformers Cooperate in a MHC-I Antigen Cross-Presentation Pathway
Authors: Goodridge Jodie P. , Lee Ni , Burian Aura , Pyo Chul-Woo , Tykodi Scott S. , Warren Edus H. , Yee Cassian , Riddell Stanley R. , Geraghty Daniel E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Peptides that are presented by MHC class I (MHC-I) are processed from two potential sources, as follows: newly synthesized endogenous proteins for direct presentation on the surface of most nucleated cells and exogenous proteins for cross-presentation typically by professional APCs. In this study, we present data that implicate the nonclassical HLA-F and open conformers of MHC-I expressed on activated cells in a pathway for the presentation of exogenous proteins by MHC-I. This pathway is distinguished from the conventional endogenous pathway by its independence from TAP and tapasin and its sensitivity to inhibitors of lysosomal enzymes, and further distinguished by its dependence on MHC-I allotype-specific epitope recognition for Ag uptake. Thus, our data from in vitro experiments collectively support a previously unrecognized model of Ag cross-presentation mediated by HLA-F and MHC-I open conformers on activated lymphocytes and monocytes, which may significantly contribute to the regulation of immune system functions and the immune defense.
Membrane-Type 6 Matrix Metalloproteinase Regulates the Activation-Induced Downmodulation of CD16 in Human Primary NK Cells
Authors: Peruzzi Giovanna , Femnou Laurette , Gil-Krzewska Aleksandra , Borrego Francisco , Weck Jennifer , Krzewski Konrad , Coligan John E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
CD16 (FcγRIIIa), the low-affinity receptor for IgG, expressed by the majority of human NK cells, is a potent activating receptor that facilitates Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). ADCC dysfunction has been linked to cancer progression and poor prognosis for chronic infections, such as HIV; thus, understanding how CD16 expression is regulated by NK cells has clinical relevance. Importantly, CD16 cell-surface expression is downmodulated following NK cell activation and, in particular, exposure to stimulatory cytokines (IL-2 or IL-15), likely owing to the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this article, we identify membrane-type 6 (MT6) MMP (also known as MMP25) as a proteinase responsible for CD16 downmodulation. IL-2–induced upregulation of MT6/MMP25 cell-surface expression correlates with CD16 downmodulation. MT6/MMP25, sequestered in intracellular compartments in unstimulated NK cells, translocates to the cell surface after stimulation; moreover, it polarizes to the effector–target cell interface of the CD16-mediated immunological synapse. siRNA-mediated disruption of MT6/MMP25 expression enhances the ADCC capacity of NK cells, emphasizing the important functional role of MT6/MMP25 in the regulation of ADCC activity. Thus, this study uncovers a previously unknown role of MT6/MMP25 in human NK cells, and suggests that inhibition of MT6/MMP25 activity could improve ADCC efficacy of therapeutically administered NK cells that require IL-2 for culture and expansion.
Cellular and Molecular Requirements for the Selection of In Vitro–Generated CD8 T Cells Reveal a Role for Notch
Authors: Dervović Džana D. , Liang Haydn C.-Y. , Cannons Jennifer L. , Elford Alisha R. , Mohtashami Mahmood , Ohashi Pamela S. , Schwartzberg Pamela L. , Zúñiga-Pflücker Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Differentiation of CD8 single-positive (SP) T cells is predicated by the ability of lymphocyte progenitors to integrate multiple signaling cues provided by the thymic microenvironment. In the thymus and the OP9-DL1 system for T cell development, Notch signals are required for progenitors to commit to the T cell lineage and necessary for their progression to the CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) stage of T cell development. However, it remains unclear whether Notch is a prerequisite for the differentiation of DP cells to the CD8 SP stage of development. In this study, we demonstrate that Notch receptor–ligand interactions allow for efficient differentiation and selection of conventional CD8 T cells from bone marrow–derived hematopoietic stem cells. However, bone marrow–derived hematopoietic stem cells isolated from Itk−/−Rlk−/− mice gave rise to T cells with decreased IFN-γ production, but gained the ability to produce IL-17. We further reveal that positive and negative selection in vitro are constrained by peptide–MHC class I expressed on OP9 cells. Finally, using an MHC class I–restricted TCR-transgenic model, we show that the commitment of DP precursors to the CD8 T cell lineage is dependent on Notch signaling. Our findings further establish the requirement for Notch receptor–ligand interactions throughout T cell differentiation, including the final step of CD8 SP selection.
Induction of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase–Targeting Adaptor 14-3-3γ Is Mediated by NF-κB–Dependent Recruitment of CFP1 to the 5′-CpG-3′–Rich 14-3-3γ Promoter and Is Sustained by E2A
Authors: Mai Thach , Pone Egest J. , Li Guideng , Lam Tonika S. , Moehlman J’aime , Xu Zhenming , Casali Paolo 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Class switch DNA recombination (CSR) crucially diversifies Ab biologic effector functions. 14-3-3γ specifically binds to the 5′-AGCT-3′ repeats in the IgH locus switch (S) regions. By interacting directly with the C-terminal region of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), 14-3-3γ targets this enzyme to S regions to mediate CSR. In this study, we showed that 14-3-3γ was expressed in germinal center B cells in vivo and induced in B cells by T-dependent and T-independent primary CSR-inducing stimuli in vitro in humans and mice. Induction of 14-3-3γ was rapid, peaking within 3 h of stimulation by LPSs, and sustained over the course of AID and CSR induction. It was dependent on recruitment of NF-κB to the 14-3-3γ gene promoter. The NF-κB recruitment enhanced the occupancy of the CpG island within the 14-3-3γ promoter by CFP1, a component of the COMPASS histone methyltransferase complex, and promoter-specific enrichment of histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), which is indicative of open chromatin state and marks transcription-competent promoters. NF-κB also potentiated the binding of B cell lineage-specific factor E2A to an E-box motif located immediately downstream of the two closely-spaced transcription start sites for sustained 14-3-3γ expression and CSR induction. Thus, 14-3-3γ induction in CSR is enabled by the CFP1-mediated H3K4me3 enrichment in the promoter, dependent on NF-κB and sustained by E2A.
Tumor-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells Inhibit Endogenous Cytotoxic T Cell Responses to Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ganesan Anusha-Preethi , Johansson Magnus , Ruffell Brian , Beltran Adam , Lau Jonathan , Jablons David M. , Coussens Lisa M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Immune cells comprise a substantial proportion of the tumor mass in human nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLC), but the precise composition and significance of this infiltration are unclear. In this study, we examined immune complexity of human NSCLC as well as NSCLC developing in CC10-TAg transgenic mice, and revealed that CD4+ T lymphocytes represent the dominant population of CD45+ immune cells, and, relative to normal lung tissue, CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were significantly increased as a proportion of total CD4+ cells. To assess the functional significance of increased Tregs, we evaluated CD8+ T cell–deficient/CC10-TAg mice and revealed that CD8+ T cells significantly controlled tumor growth with antitumor activity that was partially repressed by Tregs. However, whereas treatment with anti-CD25–depleting mAb as monotherapy preferentially depleted Tregs and improved CD8+ T cell–mediated control of tumor progression during early tumor development, similar monotherapy was ineffective at later stages. Because mice bearing early NSCLC treated with anti-CD25 mAb exhibited increased tumor cell death associated with infiltration by CD8+ T cells expressing elevated levels of granzyme A, granzyme B, perforin, and IFN-γ, we therefore evaluated carboplatin combination therapy resulting in a significantly extended survival beyond that observed with chemotherapy alone, indicating that Treg depletion in combination with cytotoxic therapy may be beneficial as a treatment strategy for advanced NSCLC.
Performance Contract and Performance of Public Enterprises: A Study of the Implementation Processes
Authors: Simpson Samuel Nana Yaw , Buabeng Dr. Thomas 
Published: July 2013

This paper therefore seeks to identify and analyse the factors that may explain the reported mixed results in relation to the impact of performance contract on the performance of public enterprise. The study specifically seeks to identify and analyse the factors that may explain the mixed results in the implementation of PC by public enterprises in Ghana. To achieve the above objective, the study adopted multiple case study strategy. Specifically, four public enterprises representing four cases were randomly sampled based on the performance assessment categorisation by the State Enterprises Commission (SEC). The findings of the study reveals that the content, targets, and objectives in the performance contracts are always specific, clear and measurable. There are however variations in how each of the case formulate performance targets and objectives in the contracts. SOEs in the excellent and above average categories have separate department exclusively in charge of corporate planning and that explains the variations in performance targets and objectives on yearly basis compared to those in categories C and D which show minimal changes with incremental modification to the previous targets objectives. Similarly, the study shows that SOEs in categories and A and B have clearly designed structures and systems for the implementation PC. Moreover, they were found to combine both top-down and bottom up approaches in their PC processes. Although the findings show that all SOEs face similar political inferences, financial and human resources have been identified from the study as vital in contributing to the performance of SOEs in the implementation of performance contact. On the basis of the above findings, this paper recommends among other things, the need for examine the institutional arrangements for formulating and implementing the content of performance contact within SOEs. Furthermore, the approach adopted by SOE A; trainees becoming trainers must be extended to other SOEs to build competent and qualified human resource base for the SOE sector.
Strategy To Improve Competence Of Public Service Officials In The West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Thahier Rohana 
Published: July 2013

The high level of public complaints against bureaucracy shows that on the one hand the quality of bureaucratic service has, in public opinion, been found wanting. At the same time, public awareness has continued to grow, with consumers demanding they have rights to receive high quality service (Dwiyanto, 2002). The quality of public service is lacking. Often bribes are required, services are not guaranteed, and procedures are over-complicated. The perceptions of the public human resource sector are various: Professionalism is lacking, corruption, collusion and nepotism run rampant, wages are insufficient, service to the public is over-complicated, relationships are based on a patrion-client system, there is lack of creativity and innovation, not to mention other potential negative perceptions which essentially show that this system is still weak in Indonesia. All this motivates us to reform the public human resources sector of Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi (Reformation of Bureaucracy).
Incubation of Fear
Authors: Pickens Charles L. , Golden Sam A. , Nair Sunila G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWhile fear and anxiety can grow over time in anxiety disorders, most efforts to model this phenomenon with fear conditioning in rodents cause fear that remains stable or decreases across weeks or months. Here, we describe several methods to induce conditioned fear that grows over the course of 1 month and is sustained for at least 2 months using an extended fear conditioning approach. These methods include a very reliable standard method that causes multiple fear measures to increase over months, as well as alternative methods. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 64:6.27.1‐6.27.11. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparison of architectures and robustness of model reference adaptive controllers and  adaptive controllers
Authors: Kharisov Evgeny , Hovakimyan Naira , Åström Karl J. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe paper compares direct and indirect model reference adaptive controllers (MRAC) with the  adaptive controller. The architectures of the closed‐loop systems are first compared in a simple setting that clarifies the similarities and differences of the controllers. The indirect MRAC and the  controller have identical state predictors, but they differ in the computation of the control signal, which in  is carried out by solving a feedback loop. The special case, where the controllers only adapt to a parameter representing input disturbances, is discussed. In this case, the closed‐loop system is linear, so it may not be appropriate to call the controllers adaptive. The special case does, however, give good insight into similarities and differences of the controllers and the effects of various modifications. In particular, the analysis gives good understanding of the robustness properties.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.