bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Different Phases of a Solar Flare on Changes in the Total Electron Content in the Earth’s Ionosphere
Authors: Bekker Susanna , Milligan Ryan O. , Ryakhovsky Ilya A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Variations in X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance during solar flares lead to a noticeable increase in the electron concentration in the illuminated part of the Earth’s ionosphere. Due to the large amount of experimental data accumulated by global navigation satellite systems, the total electron content (TEC) response to the impulsive phase of a solar flare has been studied quite well. However, recent studies have shown that a large fraction of X-class flares have a second strong peak of warm coronal emission (which is called “EUV late phase”), whose influence on the ionization of ionospheric layers is not yet clear. A combined analysis of successive solar emissions and the caused TEC changes made it possible to numerically estimate the ionospheric response to the impulsive, gradual, and late phases of the X2.9 solar flare that occurred on 2011 November 3 and demonstrate the high geoeffectiveness of the rather weak Fe xv 28.4 nm solar emission during the EUV late phase. It was found that the ionospheric response to the relatively weak emissions of the EUV late phase of the X2.9 solar flare amounted to almost a third of the TEC increase during the impulsive phase.
Merger Shocks Enhance Quenching in Local Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Roberts Ian D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We report evidence for enhanced quenching in low-redshift galaxy clusters hosting radio relics. This effect is strongest for low-mass galaxies and is consistent with a rapid quenching of star formation. These results imply that merger shocks in the intracluster medium play a role in driving environmental quenching, which we argue is due to elevated ram pressure in these disturbed systems.
Toward Spectrum Coexistence: First Demonstration of the Effectiveness of Boresight Avoidance between the NRAO Green Bank Telescope and Starlink Satellites
Authors: Nhan Bang D. , De Pree Christopher G. , Iverson Matt , Gregory Brenne , Dueri Daniel , Beasley Anthony , Schepis Brian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
NRAO and SpaceX have been engaged in coordinated testing efforts since Fall 2021, including conducting experiments on different interference avoidance schemes for the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in New Mexico, and the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) inside the National Radio Quiet Zone in West Virginia. The Starlink system is capable of avoiding direct illumination of telescope sites with their adaptive tasking to place downlink beams far away. Nevertheless, even satellites operating in this mode can potentially present strong signals into the telescope’s receiver system if they pass close to the telescope’s main beam at the boresight. For additional protection, Starlink satellites can either momentarily redirect or completely disable their downlink channels while they pass within some minimum angular separation threshold from the telescope’s boresight, methods that are referred to as “telescope boresight avoidance.” In two separate experiments conducted since Fall 2023, NRAO and SpaceX arranged to have the GBT observe a fixed R.A./decl. position in the sky, chosen to have a large number of close-to-boresight Starlink passages. Preliminary analysis from these two experiments illustrates the feasibility of these avoidance methods to significantly reduce, if not eliminate, the negative impact of close-to-boresight satellite passages. Importantly, these experiments demonstrate the value of continuing cooperative efforts between NRAO and SpaceX, and expanding cooperation between the radio astronomy and satellite communities more generally.
A new Xilithus species from Hubei, China (Araneae, Phrurolithidae)
Authors: Liu Rongxin , Liu Jie , Liu Changyong , Chen Kuai , Hu Changhao 
Published: August 2024

The genus Xilithus Liu & Li, 2023 contains 22 species, three of which are known from Hubei Province, China: X. acerosus (Yao, Irfan & Peng, 2019), X. auritus (Fu, Zhang & Zhang, 2016) and X. xingdoushanensis (Yao, Irfan & Peng, 2019).
One new Xilithus species from Hubei, China is described: X. qizimeishanensis Liu & Hu sp. nov. Morphological description, digital photos and distribution map are provided.
CONHECIMENTO DE ACADÊMICOS DE ODONTOLOGIA SOBRE A UTILIZAÇÃO DE SELANTE EM LESÕES DE CÁRIE EM DENTINA
Authors: Lazzarin Helen Cristina , Denzer Tholken Bruna , Schaefer Luiz Camilly 
Published: August 2024

Com o advento da odontologia minimamente invasiva, os selantes, além de serem utilizados para o selamento preventivo de cicatrículas e fissuras, podem ser usados para selar lesões cariosas em dentina, pois formam uma barreira mecânica com o meio bucal e impedem a progressão da lesão. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos acadêmicos de odontologia sobre a utilização de selantes em lesões de cárie em dentina. Participaram da pesquisa 73 acadêmicos de odontologia da terceira e quarta série da Universidade Paranaense, campus Cascavel - PR, os quais responderam um formulário contendo 12 questões objetivas sobre o selamento de lesões de cárie em dentina. Na terceira série, 69,2% dos acadêmicos acreditam que os selantes podem paralisar lesões cariosas enquanto que, dos acadêmicos da quarta série, 73,5% acreditam na eficácia da técnica. Sobre o melhor material para o selamento de cárie, 2,6% dos acadêmicos da terceira série e 5,9% da quarta série indicaram corretamente a resina flow. Quanto às cavidades de cárie indicadas para realização do selamento a maioria dos entrevistados da terceira série (64,1%) e quarta série (52,9%) selecionaram corretamente as cavidades restritas, sendo face oclusal, 53,8% da terceira série e 26,5% da quarta série em cavidades com distância segura da câmara pulpar e 35,9% da terceira série e 23,5% da quarta série em cavidades com abertura máxima de 3 mm. Após a análise dos resultados, pode-se concluir que os acadêmicos da 4ª série mostraram ter maior conhecimento sobre os selantes nessas condições, quando comparados aos da 3ª série.
Nursing students’ perceptions and attitudes towards dementia care in Namibia
Authors: Tomas Nestor , Mangundu Andrias M. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Dementia is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of disability and dependency among elderly individuals globally. However, there is currently limited research examining the perceptions and attitudes of healthcare providers, including nursing students, in Namibia.Aim: This study aimed to examine nursing students’ perceptions and attitudes of caring for patients with dementia.Setting: The study was conducted at two university campuses in Namibia.Methods: A quantitative correlational design was employed to conveniently recruit 196 third- and fourth-year nursing students between April and August 2023, utilising the Geriatric In-Hospital Nursing Care Questionnaire (GerINCQ) online survey. Data were analysed using SPSSv28 for descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The perception score ranged from 2.26 to 2.43, indicating negative attitudes and perceptions towards dementia care. The highest mean perception of 2.43 (95% CI = 2.3–2.55) was on reacting to challenging behaviour and the lowest was on professional responsibility 2.26 (95% CI = 2.12–2.4). Correlations were observed between age and performed interventions (r = 0.66; p = 0.01) and gender and dementia-sensitive care (r = 0.52; p = 0.01).Conclusion: The study revealed unfavourable attitudes and perceptions towards dementia care among nursing students, contrary to the optimistic anticipation. The results highlight the urgent need to develop and integrate dementia care strategies and practices into nursing education curricula.Contribution: This study provides valuable data for informing quality assurance initiatives aimed at improving nursing training in dementia care.
Paediatric chronic suppurative otitis media in rural Rwanda: Prevalence and parental practices
Authors: Tuyishimire Gratien 
Published: August 2024

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common paediatric ear disease in developing countries, typically resulting from an acute otitis media (AOM) that is not promptly diagnosed or treated. Home remedies using herbal medicine in rural villages may contribute to treatment delays and complications.Methods: A cross-sectional study of children from three rural schools was conducted. Children between 6 and 14 years of age were randomly selected and screened by the lead author for CSOM between January and February 2015 by history and physical examination, including otoscopy. Parents of children diagnosed with CSOM were asked additional questions regarding their understanding of this clinical entity.Results: A total of 461 children with a mean age of 9.8 years were screened and 17 were diagnosed with CSOM (3.6%). The majority (n = 10/17, 59%) of parents reported no understanding of the aetiology of their children’s ear symptoms and the remainder (n = 7, 41%) reported other incorrect aetiologies. Traditional home remedies such as instilling fruit juice are still common in this community. Most parents confirmed to have previously used traditional remedies at least once to treat their children for CSOM.Conclusion: Approximately one in 25 school-aged children in rural Rwanda had CSOM at the time of this study. Parental knowledge about the causes, treatments and complications of CSOM is limited.Contribution: This study provided insights into the prevalence of CSOM in school-aged children in the Rwandan district of Bugesera and explored current beliefs and practices among parents of children with CSOM.
A Clinico-Epidemiological Study on Porokeratosis
Authors: Shirahatti Trishala , Bangaru H , Sathish S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Porokeratosis (PK) is a chronic progressive disorder of keratinization characterized clinically by hyperkeratotic papules or plaques surrounded by a threadlike, elevated border that expands centrifugally. Pathogenesis involves heterozygous mutations in mevalonate kinase enzyme. The most common variants are disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) and PK of Mibelli. All forms show a thin column of parakeratosis, the cornoid lamella, representing the active border. Dermoscopy reveals central brownish discoloration surrounded by a single hypopigmented band and a peripheral ‘white track’. Long-standing cases of PK may undergo malignant transformation. UV-protection and topical agents, such as 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, calcipotriol, tretinoin and oral retinoids are helpful. To study the clinical and epidemiological pattern of PK and the clinico-dermoscopic and histopathological correlation of PK. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on the patients attending the dermatology outpatient department (OPD) over 9 months with suspected features of PK. These patients were evaluated clinically and subjected to dermoscopy and histopathology. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Of 11 patients, there were four (36.36%) males and seven (63.66%) females. The youngest was 18-year-old boy, and the eldest was 63-year-old man. The clinically most common type was PK of Mibelli with five (45.45%) cases. The most common dermoscopic feature observed was double-marginated, white peripheral border. The most common histopathological feature noted was cornoid lamella. PK is a rare skin disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical variants. Dermoscopy and histopathology aid in diagnosis, whereas dermoscopy plays a pivotal role in early and non-invasive diagnosis. Regular follow-up is mandatory to watch for the development of malignancies in a few variants.
Association between Isotretinoin Exposure and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Case-Control Study in South Korea
Authors: Hyeong Jin H. , Son Minkook , Jeong Dayeon , Jang Ye J. , Kim Kwang H. , Kim Kwang J. , Park Eun J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context:
Isotretinoin is commonly prescribed for the treatment of acne. However, its association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) could not be confirmed due to inconsistencies in the literature. Furthermore, no related study has been conducted on an Asian population.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between isotretinoin and inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods and Material:
A nationwide, population-based, case-control study using the National Health Insurance Service database of South Korea was conducted. The case group comprised 107,434 patients with IBD, while the control group comprised 393,830 patients who were matched using a 1:4 propensity score. Data on isotretinoin exposure within the previous 5 years were extracted, and a multivariable-adjusted, conditional, logistic, regression analysis was performed.

Results:
After adjusting for age, sex, underlying disease, the Charlson co-morbidity index, and tetracycline use, a significant association between isotretinoin exposure and IBD was found, with an odds ratio of 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.10–1.30). Furthermore, the association appeared to become stronger with longer exposure, more of a cumulative dose, and a longer time since the first exposure. When analyzed separately for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, isotretinoin exposure was significantly associated with both diseases.

Conclusions:
Our study reveals a dose–response relationship between isotretinoin exposure and IBD risk in an Asian population. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the association and consider alternative medications for acne treatment, particularly in patients who are at a higher risk of developing IBD.
Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Oral Tofacitinib in Patients with Refractory Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Dhar Sandipan , De Abhishek , Sarda Aarti , Godse Kiran , Lahiri Koushik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Atopic dermatitis (AD) has a complex etiology that includes Th2 polarization, which is accompanied by the cytokines IL4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31, as well as Th17 and Th22, and in chronic lesions, Th1 cells. Tofacitinib inhibits Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-associated cytokines by selectively blocking JAK1 and JAK3 receptors. We conducted a multicentric, retrospective chart analysis to study the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in patients with moderate to severe refractory AD.

Materials and Methods:
We included 16 adult patients (aged >18 years) with moderate to severe AD who had previously undergone systemic therapy with inadequate response. In the baseline, demographic data, previous treatment history, severity scores (eczema area and severity index [EASI] and SCORing Atopic Dermatitis [SCORAD]), and quality of life score (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI]) were noted. Baseline blood investigations, including complete blood count, liver function test, renal function test, lipid profile, and interferon gamma release assay for tuberculosis, were done. Patients were followed up every month for 6 months that included documentation of severity scores, blood investigations, and DLQI. Any adverse events, if reported, were noted.

Result:
All 16 patients completed the 6-month trial. Our patients were previously treated with cyclosporine (n = 10), methotrexate (n = 3), or both (n = 3). The mean EASI scores improved from 23.38 ± 9.56 at baseline to 8.50 ± 7.57 at the end of 6 months. The mean SCORAD score improved from 41.25 ± 8.69 at baseline to 14.93 ± 7.82 at the end of 6 months. Quality of life also improved as the mean DLQI improved from 15.18 ± 2.73 at baseline to 5.31 ± 4.11 at the end of the study period. No severe adverse reactions were noted, but 3 patients experienced dyslipidemia and 2 patients had altered bleeding time.

Conclusion:
Tofacitinib is a safe and effective treatment option for recalcitrant moderate to severe adult AD.
Diabetic Lung: An Entity Complicated by Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia
Authors: Chatterjee Rupak , Mukherjee Shatavisa , Bhattacharjee Archisman , Mukherjee Angshuman , Chatterjee Nandini , Karmakar Partha Sarathi , Pramanik Netai 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Diabetes is an important public health problem and considering the extent of the aftermath following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of each disease on lung function individually and also to assess how both the disease entities together in combination affect the lungs.

Methods:
This observational study included adult patients below the age of 60 years with complaints of fatigue. Included patients were assessed for their basic demographics and history of COVID-19 pneumonia. For those diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), the duration of DM and HbA1C were noted. For all included patients, spirometry was performed. Results were statistically analyzed.

Results:
Comparing the spirometry measures of DM patients with and without a history of COVID-19 pneumonia, the mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, and forced expiratory flow (FEF) 25%–75% for DM patients with COVID-19 pneumonia history was significantly lower than DM patients without a history of COVID-19 pneumonia (P < 0.0001). Comparing the spirometry measures of patients (DM vs. non-DM) with a history of COVID-19 pneumonia, the mean FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and FEF 25%–75% for DM patients with COVID-19 pneumonia history was significantly lower than non-DM patients (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Considering the high burden of the diabetic population and the extent of the pandemic’s aftermath, clinicians should be aware of this and aim to optimize control of blood glucose levels in uncontrolled diabetics with a history of COVID-19 to prevent the deterioration of lung function.
Study on the Results of Laminectomy with Short Segment Pedicle Screw Fixation in Dorsolumbar Fractures with Respect to Anatomical Reduction, Functional Recovery, and Pain
Authors: Maheshwari Deepanshu , Tonk Gyaneshwar , Agarwal Sumit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study aimed to report the results of laminectomy with short-segment pedicle screw fixation in thoracolumbar fracture.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-two patients were analyzed prospectively, and followed up in the outpatient department for 24 months.

Results:
The results revealed that most of the patients in the study had reasonable to good neurological recovery in the postoperative period assessed in the form of an American spinal injury association impairment scale (ASIA) score. There was also an excellent improvement in the components of anatomical reduction like vertebral height, Cobb’s angle, and anterior wedge angle, which was directly related to the functional recovery of the patient. Postoperatively, the patients also got relief in pain in the dorsolumbar region assessed based on the Denis pain scale.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that laminectomy with pedicle screw fixation is an excellent option for patients with thoracolumbar fracture, it not only decompresses the spine but also provides stability with minimal manageable complications.
Klippel–Feil Syndrome with Limited Rotation Range of Motion: Our Observation on Radiographic Evaluation of Cervical Spine Case Series
Authors: Verma Abhisht , Garg Isha , Sharma Anamendra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
The aim is to identify radiographic changes in the cervical spine or occipitocervical junction in patients with restricted lateral bending and lateral rotation due to Klippel–Feil syndrome. It is important to consider this altered mobility or fusion when planning surgery for hypermobile segments.

Observation:
In Klippel–Feil syndrome, restricted rotation is typically associated with occipitocervical involvement, but it can also be caused by long fusion of the cervical vertebrae alone. If left untreated in early childhood, this fusion and the relatively mobile lower segments can lead to ligament fibrosis and degenerative changes.

Materials and Methods:
Nine patients with Klippel–Feil syndrome were clinically evaluated and underwent plain radiographs. Patients with significant concerns about neck motion underwent CT scans.

Results:
Two out of the nine patients were below the age of 14 years, while the rest were neglected cases. Radiologically, one patient had a single fused cervical segment, two had multiple contiguous cervical segment fusions, and the remaining patients had multiple non-contiguous segments fused.

Conclusion:
All included patients had rotational restriction, but not all had occipitalization of the cervical spine. It is believed that this may be due to prolonged fibrosis affecting the musculature. This finding can impact surgical planning for fusion of hypermobile segments, as it could further limit functional motion in neglected elderly patients who were previously doing well.
Lipofibromatous Hamartoma of the Median Nerve: A Case Report
Authors: Bhatnagar Rachit , Tiwari Ajeet , Gupta Deepti 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Lipofibromatous hamartoma (LFH) or lipomatosis of the nerve is a benign neoplasm of unclear etiology, which is characterized by fibrofatty proliferation within peripheral nerves. Here, we present a case of a 53-year-old female, right-hand dominant, with chief complaints of a lump in her left palm for many years, and numbness in her thumb, index finger, and middle finger of the left hand past 12 months. According to the patient, the lump has been increasing in size for the last 1 year. The LFH was diagnosed with the help of magnetic resonance imaging images having the presence of thickening of the median nerve, with a coaxial cable-like appearance. The patient was managed surgically through debulking to elevate the pain and numbness. The lack of etiopathogenesis makes the condition difficult to diagnose. Management of LFH is purely based on the extent of the lesion. Conservation of the neurological and sensory function of the nerve while performing surgery was our prime focus. More accurate and reliable tools for diagnosis or precise consensus guidelines will help in early intervention and better outcomes in such patients.