bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First episode psychosis in a young person with a diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Case report
Authors: Raghvani P. , Inogbo C. , Damle V. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPsychotic disorders are significant comorbidities in young people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Evidence suggests that ASD & psychosis present with overlapping clinical features & cognitive symptoms leading to misdiagnosis (Trevisan et al. Front.Psych 2020;11:548). Clinicians encounter diagnostic dilemma during assessment of psychosis in adolescents with ASD.ObjectivesTo discuss the clinical challenges in the assessment & treatment of young people with ASD & comorbid psychosis.MethodsA case report of a young girl with ASD & comorbid psychotic illness.ResultsA young girl with ASD was admitted to CAMHS inpatient Unit with unusual beliefs & perceptual disturbances. She reported hearing the voice of ‘Hydrogis’ who was talking to her about his girlfriend. She made a voodoo doll & tried to set it on fire, as she believed that this would kill the girlfriend. She also heard voices of characters from a TV show, discussing her in third person. She absconded from home due to the distress associated. She attempted suicide by tying a ligature. She was seen responding to external stimuli, laughing incongruously & was thought disordered. Despite never being to USA, she spoke in American accent. She lacked insight & struggled to differentiate reality from fantasy. The aim of admission was to determine if the symptoms were part of ASD or a psychotic disorder. She had medication free assessment but continued to be very distressed. We commenced Aripiprazole which was optimised. She responded well to the treatment & was discharged to the care of Early Intervention in Psychosis team with partial remission of symptoms.ConclusionsHistorically psychotic illnesses & ASD were thought to be closely linked. Research suggest that they are two separate disorders with specific onset, progress, signs & symptoms. ASD might be misdiagnosed as psychosis as difficulties in communication may resemble thought disorder, ‘melt down’ may mimic catatonia & difficulties in recognising others’ intentions may mimic paranoia. Our patient was experiencing first episode psychosis in late adolescence. This age of onset is consistent with research findings. A study to differentiate between ASD & psychosis found that positive symptoms like hallucinations & delusions were suggestive of psychosis while odd emotional gestures, stereotyped speech & restricted interests indicated ASD. Our patient predominantly had positive symptoms of delusions, hallucinations & thought disorder, hence our diagnosis of psychotic episode. In some cases, it is difficult to differentiate childhood fantasies from delusional beliefs (Ribolsi et al. Front.Psych 2022;13:768586). Bleuler explains that children with ASD replace imperfect realities with imaginations & hallucinations but Michael Rutter claims that autistic children lack fantasy. There are varying views on this subject & this is the challenge we faced when treating this young person.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Prevalence and comorbidities of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Authors: Riam S. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionFollowing the release of DSM-5 in 2013, a newly introduced diagnostic category emerged in psychiatric classification—the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). DMDD is a depressive disorder that begins in childhood and is marked by a consistently irritable or angry mood, frequently accompanied by temper outbursts that are notably severe.ObjectivesIt is to study the prevalence and comorbidities of DMDD in Morocco, specifically at Arrazi University Psychiatric HospitalMethodsData were collected from youths aged 6 to 18 years who underwent a systematic assessment of symptoms. This assessment was extended to all patients consulting at Arrazi Hospital in Salé within the pediatric department over a period of four months (sample accrued from July 2023 to October 2023). The diagnosis of DMDD was established utilizing the diagnostic criteria outlined in DSM-5ResultsAbout 31% of the young participants met the operational criteria for DMDD. Those with DMDD exhibited increased comorbidity rates with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), another Depressive disorder and conduct disorder compared to those without DMDD. Additionally, they displayed elevated symptoms of aggressive behavior, rule-breaking, social issues, anxiety/depression, attention problems, and thought problems in comparison to all other participants without DMDD. It’s noteworthy that youth with DMDD presented with at least one psychiatric comorbidity.ConclusionsGiven that DMDD is accompanied by other comorbid psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, and appears to impact familial and occupational status in adulthood, the early detection and subsequent effective treatment of DMDD symptoms are of utmost importance.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Attitudes on pharmacotherapy among parents of children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Mandic Maravic V. , Vlaisavljevic M. , Lestarevic S. , Vasic J. , Grujicic R. , Pejovic Milovancevic M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionParent-mediated interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have beend recognized as very valuable (1). There is a significant effect of parental attitudes towards treatment on treatment outcomes (2).ObjectivesTo evaluate parental attitudes and need for professional support regarding pharmacological treatment of children with ASD.MethodsWe interviewed 67 parents (83.6% mothers) of children with ASD who are regularly treated at our institution. We created a questionnaire with sociodemografic information, clinical characteristics of the child, and parental experience/attitudes on pharmacological treatment.ResultsThe average child age was 20.06±4.43; 80.6% were male. The child clinical characteristics and parental sociodemographics are shown Table 1.
Table 1.Clinical characteristics of children with ASD/parental sociodemographicsClinical characteristics – childrenNValid %XSDSpeech - 4 words or more3552.2Epilepsy1319.4Intellectual dissability2131.3Parental sociodemographicsCurrent age of parent (informant)50.936.91Parent (informant) educationPrimary and secondary schoolAttended/finished university or postgraduate degree254237.362.7Parent (non-informant) educationPrimary and secondary schoolAttended/finished university or postgraduate degree31354753Parental attitudes and feelings when child is treated with medication are shown in Graph 1.Graph 1. Parental attitudes on medication
We also examined what would help parents in reaching the decision on pharmacotherapy for their children (the results shown in Graph 2).Graph 2. Parental need of support for decision on medicationIn our further analysis, it was shown that the feeling of guilt and helplesness was significantly more present in parents who feared side-effects of medication (p=0.016 and p˂0.001, respectively).Image:Image 2:ConclusionsA significant number of parents battle with feelings of helplesness and guilt when medication is introduced in the treatment of their children. There is a great need for information provided by the clinicians as well as psychological support in reaching shared decisions regarding pharmacological treatment of children with ASD.References:1. Wang F, Lao UC, Xing YP, Zhou P, Deng WL, Wang Y, et al. Parents’ knowledge and attitude and behavior toward autism: a survey of Chinese families having children with autism spectrum disorder. Transl Pediatr. 2022 Sep;11(9):1445-1457.2. Hock R, Kinsman A, Ortaglia A. Examining treatment adherence among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Disabil Health J. 2015 Jul;8(3):407-13.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Experience in the Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Brief Approach and EMDR Outcomes
Authors: López Gómez-Miguel L. , Herranz Núñez L. , Santolaya López L. , Benavides Rivero F. , Privado Aranda A. , González San José M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThis study is based on our experience at public hospitals and private clinics of Toledo and Madrid, where we have addressed the treatment of children and adolescents presenting with Eating Disorders (EDs). Our intervention focuses on the application of brief psychotherapy, with particular emphasis on the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desesitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in these cases.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study is to determine the benefits of applying EMDR in cases of pediatric and adolescent EDs in comparison to other psychotherapeutic techniques.MethodsOver a period of one year, brief psychotherapy sessions were conducted with children and adolescents diagnosed with EDs. An integrative approach was used, combining family sistemic therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy techniques, and brief psychodynamic approaches, along with EMDR sessions. Pre and post treatment assessments were conducted to measure changes in symptoms and patients’ quality life.ResultsThe results obtained reveal significant improvements in patient symptomatology, including a notable reduction in food-anxiety, dietary restriction and compensatory behaviours. Furthermore, improvements were observed in body image perception and patiends’ overall quality of life. Incidence of relapse cases was minimal.ConclusionsOur experience suggests that the application of a brief psychotherapy approach, combined with EMDR sessions, can be highly effective in treating children and adolescents with EDs. Early intervention and individualized adaptation of therapies are essential for achieving positive and lasting outcomes in this patient group. These findings underscore the importance of considering integrative approaches in the care of EDs in young population.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The Psychosocial Impact of Climate Change and natural disasters
Authors: Ghosh Dastidar D. B. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIn this study we have studied the impacts of natural disaster yash on the development of PTSD in a rural hamlet of West Bengal.ObjectivesCorrelation of natural calamity and trauma ie post traumatic stress disorder in exposed population.MethodsSetting of the study was a relief camp operated for victims of climate change and natural disasters ie cyclone yash 2021.Tool for data collection - PCL 5 questionnaires, socio demographic pro forma, data was analyzed by using statistical SPSS.ResultsAnalysis shows that there is statistical correlation between post traumatic stress disorder and subjects exposed to climate change events such as cyclone Yash.PCL-5 cut-off score between 31-33 is indicative.ConclusionsOur study clearly demonstrates the impact of climate change and natural disasters on the development of post traumatic stress disorder in the study group.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Treatment strategies in eating disorders with comorbid conditions and in under-represented clinical populations
Authors: Paslakis G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) have long been thought to be conditions that only or mainly affect women, especially young, affluent, skinny girls and women in Western cultures. Mostly over the last decade, we have come to realize that EDs may affect individuals of all genders, ages, sexual orientations, ethnic, and socio-economic backgrounds. This, in turn, has implications for ED presentation and assessment, and the necessity for adjustments in the provided care according to diverse treatment needs. Here, we present and discuss current advances in ED-related research in underrepresented groups as well as the need to further incorporate diversity aspects in clinical care and research within the ED realm.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Eco-anxiety, how can the awareness on fighting global warming is becoming a mental health problem
Authors: Barbosa M. , Fonseca A. R. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAlthough the issue of climate change usually brings thoughts of environmental impact and physical health concerns to our consciousness, climate change also affects people’s mental health. Nowadays there is an emerging condition about climate change anxiety (CCA), defined as negative responses associated with global warming, with apprehension and stress related to the anticipation of threats to the ecosystem and our species. It may include cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses, for example, persistent worries, psychological distress, or sleep difficulties related to long-term consequences of climate change, and can result in functional impairment.ObjectivesA literature review to analyse the evidence, to be aware of individuals overconcerned about global warming, bring awereness and promote an appropriate seek of professional help when neededMethodsUsing the Medline database through the Pubmed search engine was used, with the keywords: “climate change anxiety”, “eco-anxiety”.ResultsDespite the lack of studies, CCA affects a substantial proportion, especially the younger population, aged from 16 to 25 years old worldwide. As a result of ecoanxiety, people are becoming anxious about their future and the future of the planet as we currently know it, the terrifying and at some extent uncertainty of it. It is documented the importance of green and blue spaces (water places) specially in urban areas for mental wellbeing – as our environment is quickly changing with the global warming, the reduction/disappearing of these areas are ongoing; besides this direct consequence, the disruption of these places results in feelings of loss due to changes to personally significant places a phenomenon known as ‘ecological grief’. Additionally, the occurrence of natural disasters like heatwaves, hurricanes, flooding, wildfire, and drought, raising concern and the socially-mediated impacts of forced migration and conflict caused by it. Self-reported presentations may include panic attacks, insomnia, obsessive thinking, and/or appetite changes caused by environmental concerns. If prolonged symptoms, depressive, anxious disease, post-traumatic stress disorder, among others can develop.ConclusionsTo reduce eco-anxiety individuals can take steps to reduce their carbon footprint, engage in activism and advocacy, bringing more awareness to the subjects and thus taking measures to mitigate the effects of climate change and protect the environment. It’s equal important to consider and address the mental health impacts of climate change, this additionally includes providing adequate emotional and psychological support to those affected.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Comorbidity of mental disorders in synthetic cannabinoids abuse: clinical dynamics, behavior, adaptation
Authors: Selivanov G. , Bokhan N. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe study of the phenomenon of deformation of mental disorders, clinical dynamics, behaviors, and adaptations in case of abuse of synthetic cannabinoids is of relevance.ObjectivesTo study the phenomenon of deformation of mental disorders, clinical dynamics, behaviors, and adaptations in case of abuse of synthetic cannabinoidsMethodsCatamnestic, clinical-psychopathological methods (PANS, SANS, CGI, MMPI, CGI, STAI, LSI, TPA, ICD-10), statistical (Python 3.11.0).Results291 men (age from 18 to 35 years) were examined: 240 - F12.2xx, of which 98 - F60.xx-F62.xx, 142 - F20.xx and 51 - F20.xx without substance abuse. The study took place from 2018 to 2023 based on psychiatric institutions of the Russia, Tomsk region, St. Petersburg, Noyabrsk and Nizhnevartovsk.ConclusionsThe phenomenon of abuse of synthetic cannabinoids is a factor in the deformation of mental disorders. Persistent exogenous visual and delusional disorders contribute to the symptoms of exacerbations of schizophrenia; schizophrenic symptoms are included in psychotic episodes in personality disorders. In remission of schizophrenia, there is a quasi-adaptation from socio-professional environments, mostly addictive and criminalized, a pronounced smoothing of emotional impoverishment, a stigmatizing symptom is mainly a volitional defect, as well as frequent rehospitalizations not indirectly related to drugs. In remissions of drug use in patients with personality disorder, persistent schizophrenia of behavior. In patients with schizophrenia and patients with personality disorders, there is a distortion of behavior with a predominance in patterns of inclinations to delict, nonconformity, isolation in an addictive environment, suspiciousness. Drug abuse may initiate auto-aggression predominantly in individuals with personality disorders and to a lesser extent in patients with schizophrenia. True suicides in drug users include only episodes with depressive symptoms.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder: diagnostic and management challenges
Authors: Barbosa M. , Fonseca A. R. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), relatively common psychiatric pathologies (5% and 1-2% respectively), share several characteristics, specially impulsivity and emotional dysregulation. With different therapeutic approaches, it is therefore important to distinguish the entities for a correct approach to the patient. Clinical evidence has also demonstrated high comorbidity between two entities, and therefore this recognition is of equal relevance.ObjectivesAnalyze the clinical evidence, in order to better understand the dynamics between the two pathologies as comorbid or differential diagnosis, for an appropriate approach to the patient.MethodsAuthors used the Medline database through the Pubmed search engine, with the keywords: “PBP”, “PHDA”.ResultsThese two pathologies share impulsive and spontaneous actions with poor thinking about the consequences; nonetheless, ADHD individuals tend to show this impulsivity by being more impatiente when they have to wait, talking over other people, interrupting others; on the contrary, in BPD impulsivity can be showed more as self-harm behaviors.As for the emotional dysregulation, that both entities share, in the comorbid case it is known that it is the most severe form. This characteristic is part of the central characteristics of BPD where these individuals experience intense and unstable emotions. They have difficulty regulating their emotions which can lead to rapid changes in mood, and they report feelings of emotional emptiness and difficulty in establishing stable relationships. As for ADHD individuals, despite present, it’s not a core symptom, as they have more control over their emotions, and have more adaptative cognitive strategies.Attention deficit can be a core symptom of a subtype of ADHD and has not yet been reported in patients with PBP, except in comorbid situations. According to studies, 30-60% of patients with PBP report and score on attention deficit scales. Truth is both entities have intelectual disfunctionalities.Results of genetic studies are very inconsistent, however epigenetic research and reseach focusing on hypothetized vulnerability genes or sites have been promising.ConclusionsA complete clinical history is particularly important in these cases and sometimes difficult, as so, clinicians should be aware to prevent misdiagnosis and provide the best care for both disorders and the comorbidity. Given that treatment differs between both pathologies, psychotherapy in BPD, and the multimodal approach in ADHD, it is imperative to distinguish the two entities. In comorbid cases, a combination of the two therapies has demonstrated effectiveness but much more studies are needed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Minimally Invasive Anterolateral Cervical Cordotomy for Intractable Cancer Pain Using Microtubular Retractors: A Single Institution Case Series
Authors: Kimchi Gil , Lamsam Layton , Gu Brett , Mendel Ehud , Harel Ran , Knoller Nachson , Cohen Zvi R. , Ungar Lior , Zibly Zion 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
As advancements in cancer treatments have allowed patients with a high burden of disease to live longer, the number of patients who present with debilitating refractory pain has increased. Anterolateral cordotomy has long been used for the treatment of intractable unilateral cancer pain using either an imaging-guided percutaneous approach or an open surgical approach. In this report, we describe a novel minimally invasive modification to the open surgical approach. It combines the benefits of both approaches by providing direct visualization for lesioning without the collateral tissue damage of an open approach.

METHODS:
This retrospective study evaluated medical records, operative reports, and imaging studies of patients who underwent a minimally invasive cordotomy at a single institute between 2018 and 2022. The surgical technique involved a microscope-assisted C2 hemilaminectomy using microtubular retractors followed by dural opening and anterolateral cordotomy under direct visualization and with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring.

RESULTS:
Eleven patients were included in the study. None were converted to an open approach, and no wound-related postoperative complications were observed. A clinically significant decrease in pain was observed after the procedure, and 10 of the 11 patients (91%) were ambulatory by the time of analysis.

CONCLUSION:
Compared with image-guided percutaneous cordotomy, anterolateral cervical cordotomy with microtubular retractors potentially improves the safety of the procedure through direct visualization while being less invasive than a conventional open approach. Our preliminary experience with this technique demonstrates the feasibility of the approach, as it was both safe and effective.
Do Investors Value Workforce Gender Diversity?
Authors: Daniels David P. , Dannals Jennifer E. , Lys Thomas Z. , Neale Margaret A. 
Published: August 2024

We examine whether investors value workforce gender diversity. Consistent with the view that investors believe workforce gender diversity can be valuable in major firms, we use event studies to demonstrate that U.S. technology firms and financial firms experience more positive stock price reactions when it is revealed that they have relatively higher (versus lower) workforce gender diversity numbers. For instance, we find that Google’s revelation of relatively low workforce gender diversity numbers triggered a negative stock price reaction, whereas eBay’s revelation of relatively high workforce gender diversity numbers triggered a positive stock price reaction. These stock price reactions are both economically and statistically significant; for example, we estimate that if a technology firm had revealed gender diversity numbers that were one standard deviation higher, its market valuation would have increased by $1.11 billion. Corroborating this plausibly causal field evidence, we also find positive investor reactions to workforce gender diversity in randomized experiments using Prolific participants with investing experience; these reactions seem to be underpinned by investors’ beliefs about potential upsides of diversity for the firm (e.g., reduced legal risks; increased creativity) but not by investors’ beliefs about potential downsides of diversity for the firm (e.g., increased conflict). Our findings highlight the importance of understanding investors’ intuitions or beliefs about major organizational phenomena such as workforce gender diversity. Our results also point toward a new type of business case for diversity, driven by investors: if major firms had more workforce gender diversity, investors may “reward” them with substantially higher valuations. Funding: This research is supported by NUS (National University of Singapore) Startup Grant WBS A-0003900-00-00 to D. P. Daniels.