bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fagradalsfjall and Sundhnúkur Fires of 2021–2024: A single magma reservoir under the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland?
Authors: Troll Valentin R. , Deegan Frances M. , Thordarson Thor , Tryggvason Ari , Krmíček Lukáš , Moreland William M. , Lund Björn , Bindeman Ilya N. , Höskuldsson Ármann , Day James M. D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Reykjanes Peninsula (RP) hosts several volcanic lineaments that have been periodically active over the last 4000 years. Since 2021, following a ca. 800‐year quiescence, eight eruptions have occurred on the RP, with more expected in the future. To better understand the origins of this renewed volcanism and help forecast future eruptions, we examine (i) if the ongoing volcanism is fed from a single or multiple magma storage zone(s) or from several smaller reservoirs and; (ii) where the zone(s) are located (i.e. mantle or lower or upper crustal depths). Using major and trace element geochemistry, oxygen isotopes, and seismic tomography we rule out a single, RP‐scale, deep‐seated magma storage zone. Instead we propose the presence of a ca. 10‐km‐wide region of crustal‐level (9–12 km) magma accumulation beneath the Fagradalsfjall volcanic lineament that fed both the 2021–23 eruptions of the Fagradalsfjall Fires and the 2023–24 eruptions of the Sundhnúkur Fires.
A deletion in FLS2 and its expansion after domestication caused global dissemination of melon cultivars defective in flagellin recognition
Authors: Jin Chujia , Matsuo Hiroki , Nakayama Yoshizo , Shigita Gentaro , Inoue Yoshihiro , Kato Kenji , Takano Yoshitaka 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYFLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) encodes a pattern recognition receptor that perceives bacterial flagellin. While putative FLS2 orthologs are broadly conserved in plants, their functional characterization remains limited. Here, we report the identification of orthologs in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (C. melo), named CsFLS2 and CmFLS2, respectively. Homology searching identified CsFLS2, and virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) demonstrated that CsFLS2 is required for flg22‐triggered ROS generation. Interestingly, genome re‐sequencing of melon cv. Lennon and subsequent genomic PCR revealed that Lennon has two CmFLS2 haplotypes, haplotype I encoding full‐length CmFLS2 and haplotype II encoding a truncated form. We show that VIGS‐mediated knockdown of CmFLS2 haplotype I resulted in a significant reduction in both flg22‐triggered ROS generation and immunity to a bacterial pathogen in melon cv. Lennon. Remarkably, genomic PCR of CmFLS2 revealed that 68% of tested commercial melon cultivars possess only CmFLS2 haplotype II: these cultivars thus lack functional CmFLS2. To explore evolutionary aspects of CmFLS2 haplotype II occurrence, we genotyped the CmFLS2 locus in 142 melon accessions by genomic PCR and analyzed 437 released sequences. The results suggest that CmFLS2 haplotype II is derived from C. melo subsp. melo. Furthermore, we suggest that the proportion of CmFLS2 haplotype II increased among the improved melo group compared with the primitive melo group. Collectively, these findings suggest that the deleted FLS2 locus generated in the primitive melo subspecies expanded after domestication, resulting in the spread of commercial melon cultivars defective in flagellin recognition, which is critical for bacterial immunity.
It's not always histiocytic sarcoma: Immunocytochemistry to identify two unusual tumors in a Bernese Mountain dog
Authors: Quinn Claire , Harding Kayla , Schlein Lisa J. , Korchia Jérémie , Coffee Laura L. , MacNeill Amy L. , Tucker‐Mohl Katherine , Duval Dawn L. , Brandt Laura E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA 7‐year‐old female spayed Bernese Mountain dog was presented for evaluation of hematuria. Incidentally, a right stifle sarcoma was diagnosed via cytology, which raised concern for histiocytic sarcoma (given the patient's signalment) versus another joint‐associated sarcoma. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed a CD18‐negative, non‐histiocytic origin cell population. Findings were consistent with a joint‐associated grade II soft tissue sarcoma (STS). The patient's hematuria was progressive over 5 months, and urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was diagnosed via cystoscopy and histopathology. An enlarged right medial iliac lymph node was identified on routine restaging via abdominal ultrasound 3 months later. Cytology of the lymph node revealed a markedly pleomorphic cell population, again raising concern for histiocytic sarcoma (HS). Other differentials included an anaplastic metastatic population from the joint‐associated STS or the TCC. Immunocytochemistry revealed a cytokeratin‐positive, CD18‐, CD204‐, and vimentin‐negative cell population, consistent with a carcinoma. DNA was extracted from cytology slides to sequence cells for BRAF mutation status. Sequencing revealed a homozygous V596E (transcript ENSCAFT00845055173.1) BRAF mutation, consistent with the known biology of TCC. In neither case was HS truly present in this patient, but immunocytochemistry provided information that helped to optimize the patient's chemotherapy recommendations.
2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Advanced Life Support. Evidence and knowledge gap analysis with treatment recommendations for small animal CPR
Authors: Wolf Jacob , Buckley Gareth J. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Fletcher Daniel J. , Boller Manuel , Burkitt‐Creedon Jamie M. , Weigand Kelly A. , Crews Molly , Fausak Erik D. ,   and the RECOVER Advanced Life Support Domain Worksheet Authors
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence and devise clinical recommendations on advanced life support (ALS) in dogs and cats and to identify critical knowledge gaps.DesignStandardized, systematic evaluation of literature pertinent to ALS following Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Prioritized questions were each reviewed by Evidence Evaluators, and findings were reconciled by ALS Domain Chairs and Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) Co‐Chairs to arrive at treatment recommendations commensurate to quality of evidence, risk:benefit relationship, and clinical feasibility. This process was implemented using an Evidence Profile Worksheet for each question that included an introduction, consensus on science, treatment recommendations, justification for these recommendations, and important knowledge gaps. A draft of these worksheets was distributed to veterinary professionals for comment for 4 weeks prior to finalization.SettingTransdisciplinary, international collaboration in university, specialty, and emergency practice.ResultsSeventeen questions pertaining to vascular access, vasopressors in shockable and nonshockable rhythms, anticholinergics, defibrillation, antiarrhythmics, and adjunct drug therapy as well as open‐chest CPR were reviewed. Of the 33 treatment recommendations formulated, 6 recommendations addressed the management of patients with nonshockable arrest rhythms, 10 addressed shockable rhythms, and 6 provided guidance on open‐chest CPR. We recommend against high‐dose epinephrine even after prolonged CPR and suggest that atropine, when indicated, is used only once. In animals with a shockable rhythm in which initial defibrillation was unsuccessful, we recommend doubling the defibrillator dose once and suggest vasopressin (or epinephrine if vasopressin is not available), esmolol, lidocaine in dogs, and/or amiodarone in cats.ConclusionsThese updated RECOVER ALS guidelines clarify the approach to refractory shockable rhythms and prolonged CPR. Very low quality of evidence due to absence of clinical data in dogs and cats continues to compromise the certainty with which recommendations can be made.
2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Monitoring. Evidence and knowledge gap analysis with treatment recommendations for small animal CPR
Authors: Brainard Benjamin M. , Lane Selena L. , Burkitt‐Creedon Jamie M. , Boller Manuel , Fletcher Daniel J. , Crews Molly , Fausak Erik D. ,   the RECOVER Monitoring Domain Evidence Evaluators
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review evidence on and devise treatment recommendations for patient monitoring before, during, and following CPR in dogs and cats, and to identify critical knowledge gaps.DesignStandardized, systematic evaluation of literature pertinent to peri‐CPR monitoring following Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Prioritized questions were each reviewed by Evidence Evaluators, and findings were reconciled by Monitoring Domain Chairs and Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) Co‐Chairs to arrive at treatment recommendations commensurate to quality of evidence, risk:benefit relationship, and clinical feasibility. This process was implemented using an Evidence Profile Worksheet for each question that included an introduction, consensus on science, treatment recommendations, justification for these recommendations, and important knowledge gaps. A draft of these worksheets was distributed to veterinary professionals for comment for 4 weeks prior to finalization.SettingTransdisciplinary, international collaboration in university, specialty, and emergency practice.ResultsThirteen questions pertaining to hemodynamic, respiratory, and metabolic monitoring practices for identification of cardiopulmonary arrest, quality of CPR, and postcardiac arrest care were examined, and 24 treatment recommendations were formulated. Of these, 5 recommendations pertained to aspects of end‐tidal CO2 (ETco2) measurement. The recommendations were founded predominantly on very low quality of evidence, with some based on expert opinion.ConclusionsThe Monitoring Domain authors continue to support initiation of chest compressions without pulse palpation. We recommend multimodal monitoring of patients at risk of cardiopulmonary arrest, at risk of re‐arrest, or under general anesthesia. This report highlights the utility of ETco2 monitoring to verify correct intubation, identify return of spontaneous circulation, evaluate quality of CPR, and guide basic life support measures. Treatment recommendations further suggest intra‐arrest evaluation of electrolytes (ie, potassium and calcium), as these may inform outcome‐relevant interventions.
Intensity and Appreciation of Sweet Taste Solutions Are Modulated by High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise in Adolescent Athletic Males
Authors: Gauthier Alexandre-Charles , Villeneuve Marc-Étienne , Cournoyer Mathieu , Mathieu Marie-Eve 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Exercise seems to influence taste, but the effect of exercise on specific tastes is still to be elucidated among youths. Methods: Athlete boys aged 14–16 years were recruited. Participants (n = 19) ages ranged 14.7 (0.7) years, weight 59.6 (7.8) kg, and height of 173.4 (7.9) cm. Distinct taste tests were administered using low and high concentrations of sweet, salty, and bitter solutions before and after a 30-minute aerobic exercise session (70%–90% of estimated maximal heart rate). McNemmar tests, standard paired t tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and Cohen d effect size tests were used to analyze taste identification, intensity, and appreciation. Results: There were no significant differences in taste identification capacities after exercise. Participants perceived more intense (P = .037) and appreciated better (P = .004) the low-concentration sweet solution after exercise. Taste appreciation was increased for the high-concentration sweet solution (P = .009) after exercise. Effect sizes were moderate (0.516–0.776). Possible effects were noted for the intensity of salty solutions (P = .0501 and .0543). Conclusion: Following an exercise session, participants had increased perceived intensity and appreciation of sweet solutions. This adds new insights into how exercise influences taste in youths, a topic less documented compared with adults, suggesting further research into its impact on dietary choices is needed.
Role of cold shock proteins B and D in
Aeromonas salmonicida
subsp.
salmonicida
physiology and virulence in lumpfish (
Cyclopterus lumpus
)
Authors: Hossain Ahmed , Gnanagobal Hajarooba , Cao Trung , Chakraborty Setu , Chukwu-Osazuwa Joy , Soto-Dávila Manuel , Vasquez Ignacio , Santander Javier 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Cold shock proteins (Csp) are pivotal nucleic acid binding proteins known for their crucial roles in the physiology and virulence of various bacterial pathogens affecting plant, insect, and mammalian hosts. However, their significance in bacterial pathogens of teleost fish remains unexplored.
Aeromonas salmonicida
subsp.
salmonicida
(hereafter
A. salmonicida
) is a psychrotrophic pathogen and the causative agent of furunculosis in marine and freshwater fish. Four
csp
genes (
cspB, cspD, cspA
, and
cspC
) have been identified in the genome of
A. salmonicida
J223 (wild type). Here, we evaluated the role of DNA binding proteins, CspB and CspD, in
A. salmonicida
physiology and virulence in lumpfish (
Cyclopterus lumpus
).
A. salmonicida
Δ
cspB
, Δ
cspD
, and the double Δ
cspB
Δ
cspD
mutants were constructed and characterized.
A. salmonicida
Δ
cspB
and Δ
cspB
Δ
cspD
mutants showed a faster growth at 28°C, and reduced virulence in lumpfish.
A. salmonicida
Δ
cspD
showed a slower growth at 28°C, biofilm formation, lower survival in low temperatures and freezing conditions (−20°C, 0°C, and 4°C), deficient in lipopolysaccharide synthesis, and low virulence in lumpfish. Additionally, Δ
cspB
Δ
cspD
mutants showed less survival in the presence of bile compared to the wild type. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 200, 37, and 921 genes were differentially expressed in Δ
cspB
, Δ
cspD
, and Δ
cspB
Δ
cspD,
respectively. In Δ
cspB
and Δ
cspB
Δ
cspD
virulence genes in the chromosome and virulence plasmid were downregulated. Our analysis indicates that CspB and CspD mostly act as a transcriptional activator, influencing cell division (e.g.,
treB
), virulence factors (e.g.,
aexT
), and ultimately virulence.
Nucleoid-associated proteins shape the global protein occupancy and transcriptional landscape of a clinical isolate of
Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Rakibova Yulduz , Dunham Drew T. , Seed Kimberley D. , Freddolino Lydia 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Vibrio cholerae,
the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, poses an ongoing health threat due to its wide repertoire of horizontally acquired elements (HAEs) and virulence factors. New clinical isolates of the bacterium with improved fitness abilities, often associated with HAEs, frequently emerge. The appropriate control and expression of such genetic elements is critical for the bacteria to thrive in the different environmental niches they occupy. H-NS, the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein, is the best-studied xenogeneic silencer of HAEs in gamma-proteobacteria. Although H-NS and other highly abundant nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) have been shown to play important roles in regulating HAEs and virulence in model bacteria, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of how different NAPs modulate transcription in
V. cholerae
. By obtaining genome-wide measurements of protein occupancy and active transcription in a clinical isolate of
V. cholerae,
harboring recently discovered HAEs encoding for phage defense systems, we show that a lack of H-NS causes a robust increase in the expression of genes found in many HAEs. We further found that TsrA, a protein with partial homology to H-NS, regulates virulence genes primarily through modulation of H-NS activity. We also identified few sites that are affected by TsrA independently of H-NS, suggesting TsrA may act with diverse regulatory mechanisms. Our results demonstrate how the combinatorial activity of NAPs is employed by a clinical isolate of an important pathogen to regulate recently discovered HAEs.

IMPORTANCE

New strains of the bacterial pathogen
Vibrio cholerae
, bearing novel horizontally acquired elements (HAEs), frequently emerge. HAEs provide beneficial traits to the bacterium, such as antibiotic resistance and defense against invading bacteriophages. Xenogeneic silencers are proteins that help bacteria harness new HAEs and silence those HAEs until they are needed. H-NS is the best-studied xenogeneic silencer; it is one of the nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) in gamma-proteobacteria and is responsible for the proper regulation of HAEs within the bacterial transcriptional network. We studied the effects of H-NS and other NAPs on the HAEs of a clinical isolate of
V. cholerae
. Importantly, we found that H-NS partners with a small and poorly characterized protein, TsrA, to help domesticate new HAEs involved in bacterial survival and in causing disease. A proper understanding of the regulatory state in emerging isolates of
V. cholerae
will provide improved therapies against new isolates of the pathogen.
Stable flies are bona fide carriers of mastitis-associated bacteria
Authors: Sommer Andrew J. , Kettner Julia E. , Coon Kerri L. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Hematophagous
Stomoxys
(stable) fly populations in dairy barns are sustained by a constant availability of cattle hosts and manure, which serve as major reservoirs of both zoonotic and opportunistic bacterial pathogens. However, the composition of the
Stomoxys
fly microbiota, the mechanisms by which flies acquire their microbiome, and the ability of potentially pathogenic bacteria to colonize and persist in fly hosts remain to be investigated. Here, we longitudinally collected fly and manure samples from two connected dairy facilities. High throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was then used to characterize and compare bacterial communities present on or within flies and in manure collected from the same facility, while culture-dependent methods were used to verify the viability of clinically relevant bacteria. Bacterial alpha diversity was overall higher in manure samples as compared to fly samples, with manure-associated bacterial communities being dominated by members of the Bacteroidales, Eubacteriales, and Oscillospirales. In contrast, flies harbored relatively low-complexity communities dominated by members of the Enterobacterales, Staphylococcales, and Lactobacillales. Clinically relevant bacterial strains, including
Escherichia
spp. and other taxa associated with mastitic cows housed in the same facilities, were detected in paired fly and manure samples but exhibited dramatically elevated abundances in fly samples as compared to manure samples. Viable colonies of
Escherichia
,
Klebsiella
, and
Staphylococcus
spp. were also readily isolated from fly samples, confirming that flies harbor culturable mastitis-associated bacteria. This study identifies biting flies as bona fide carriers of opportunistically pathogenic bacterial taxa on dairy farms.

IMPORTANCE

Disease prevention on dairy farms has significant implications for cattle health, food security, and zoonosis. Of particular importance is the control of bovine mastitis, which can be caused by diverse bacteria, including
Klebsiella
,
Escherichia coli
,
Streptococcus
, and
Staphylococcus
spp. Despite being one of the most significant and costly cattle diseases worldwide, the epidemiology of bovine mastitis is not well understood. This study provides parallel culture-independent and culture-dependent evidence to support the carriage of opportunistically pathogenic bacteria by
Stomoxys
flies on dairy farms. We further show that the fly microbiota is enriched in clinically relevant taxa—the vast majority of which can be traced to the manure habitats in which flies breed. Altogether, our results identify biting flies as underrecognized carriers of bacterial taxa associated with environmental bovine mastitis and other opportunistic infections in vertebrates and offer important insights into mechanisms of microbial acquisition by these and other medically important insects.
The Role of DNA Methylation in Zebrafish Models of CNS Diseases
Authors: Yushko L. V. , Shevlyakov A. D. , Romazeva M. A. , Apukhtin K. V. , Volgin A. D. , Abramov D. A. , Kotova M. M. , Kalueff A. V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDNA methylation plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Its deficits in the brain cause various neurological diseases, including autism, schizophrenia and mood disorders. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a promising model organism in biomedicine. Given its high genetic and physiological homology with humans, studying genome methylation deficits in zebrafish can help elucidate the molecular processes underlying the etiology and pathogenesis of various neurological diseases, as well as develop novel therapies. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of DNA methylation in the brain and the diseases associated with its dysregulation in humans, as well as their genetic and pharmacological models in zebrafish. We also evaluate the limitations of zebrafish models and possible directions for further research in this field. Mounting evidence summarized here supports zebrafish as an effective model for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of brain pathologies associated with compromised DNA methylation.
Effect of probiotic supplementation on the gut microbiota in very preterm infants: a systematic review
Authors: Vievermanns Kayleigh , Dierikx Thomas H , Oldenburger Nathalie J , Jamaludin Faridi S , Niemarkt Hendrik J , de Meij Tim G J 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThere is increasing evidence that probiotic supplementation in very preterm infants decreases the risk of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis and mortality. The underlying mechanisms, including effects on the gut microbiota, are largely unknown. We aimed to systematically review the available literature on the effects of probiotic supplementation in very preterm infants on gut microbiota development.DesignA systematic review in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science.SettingNeonatal intensive care unit.PatientsPremature infants.InterventionProbiotic supplementation.Main outcome measuresGut microbiota.ResultsA total of 1046 articles were screened, of which 29 were included. There was a large heterogeneity in study design, dose and type of probiotic strains, timepoints of sample collection and analysing techniques. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were the most used probiotic strains. The effects of probiotics on alpha diversity were conflicting; however, beta diversity was significantly different between probiotic-supplemented infants and controls in the vast majority of studies. In most studies, probiotic supplementation led to increased relative abundance of the supplemented strains and decreased abundance of genera such asClostridium,Streptococcus,KlebsiellaandEscherichia.ConclusionsProbiotic supplementation to preterm infants seems to increase the relative abundance of the supplemented strains with a concurrent decrease of potentially pathogenic species. These probiotic-induced microbial alterations may contribute to the decreased risk of health complications such as NEC. Future trials, including omics technologies to analyse both microbiota composition and function linked to health outcomes, are warranted to identify the optimal mixture and dosing of probiotic strains.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023385204.