bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La nouvelle « guerre froide » entre l'Iran et l'Arabie saoudite au Moyen-Orient
Authors: Therme Clément 
Published: March 2014

Cet article vise à déconstruire les lectures des enjeuxgéopolitiques au Moyen-Orient se concentrant exclusivement sur le facteur sectaire. Aussi, la notion de « croissant chiite », apparue au lendemain de la guerre américaine contre l’Irak, en 2003, ne peut être un outil conceptuel pour les chercheurs en sciences sociales travaillant sur l’histoire contemporaine du Moyen-Orient. En effet, les relations entre l’Iran, l’Irak, la Syrie et le Liban ne se limitent pas à des considérations religieuses. L’invention de la notion de « croissant chiite » n’empêche pas la réalité de la montée des tensions sectaires dans les sociétés arabes. Il s’agit de distinguer ici la poussée « par le bas » des tensions sectaires des enjeux liés à la rivalité géopolitique entre l’Iran et l’Arabie Saoudite pour le rôle de première puissance régionale. En ce sens, l’arrivée au pouvoir d’un président « modéré » en Iran augure d’un rééquilibrage de la diplomatie iranienne vers un dialogue approfondi avec les pétromonarchies de la péninsule arabique, en particulier avec le sultanat d’Oman et Dubaï.
A clinical trial to determine if corelease of morphine and naltrexone from crushed extended-release capsules induces withdrawal in opioid-dependent patients: A descriptive analysis of six patients
Authors: Setnik, PhD Beatrice , Roland, PharmD Carl L. , Goli, MD Veeraindar , Sommerville, MD Kenneth , Webster, MD Lynn 
Published: March 2014

Objective: To evaluate whether intact or crushed doses of an extended-release formulation of morphine sulfate surrounding an inner core of sequestered naltrexone (MSN) induces signs and symptoms of withdrawal in opioid-dependent patients.
Design: Randomized, double-blind, two-way crossover study.
Setting: Single center.
Patients: Fourteen patients with chronic moderate-to-severe noncancer pain receiving opioids were enrolled into the study; six completed the maintenance and treatment phases prior to early study discontinuation for issues with manufacturing; eight discontinued: adverse effects (4), noncompliance (1), patient decision (1), study termination (2).
Interventions: Patients were titrated to a stable dose of MSN (ranging from 30/1.2 to 100/4.0 mg of morphine/naltrexone) that was used in the single-dose crossover evaluation of crushed and intact MSN.
Main outcome measures: Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS).
Results: Clinically significant withdrawal (COWS ≥ 13) was observed with rapid onset (≥ 0.8 hours postdose) in three patients (50 percent) following treatment with crushed MSN at the highest doses administered of ≥ 60/2.4 mg. Although naltrexone exposure was negligible following exposure to intact MSN, increasing plasma levels of naltrexone and 6-β-naltrexol were associated with COWS score ≥ 13 in patients who received crushed MSN. COWS ≥ 13 was observed in one patient receiving intact MSN without quantifiable naltrexone concentrations.
Conclusion: Crushing the MSN capsule may precipitate moderate-to-severe signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal in opioid-dependent individuals. The negligible exposure to naltrexone following exposure to intact MSN supports that intact capsules may be taken safely without precipitating withdrawal in opioid-dependent individuals.
Communautés autochtones et médias
Authors: Aubin France 
Published: March 2014

À partir des résultats d’une recherche menée avec Éric George sur les médias autochtones au Canada et sur différents travaux théoriques portant respectivement sur la sphère publique et le militantisme informationnel, l’auteure de cet article se penche sur le lien entre les communautés autochtones et les médias. Cette recherche indique que certaines communautés ressentent d’abord le besoin d’un média communautaire, tourné vers l’intérieur, plutôt que vers la communauté allochtone ; aussi ne souhaitent-elles pas élargir l’espace public mais, au contraire, le limiter à leur propre communauté. D’autres voix réclament plutôt l’accès à l’espace public dominant. Des leaders autochtones du Québec se sont approprié la conception « blanche » du débat public et de la société civile. Ils estiment qu’afin d’inscrire leurs droits sociaux, économiques et culturels à l’ordre du jour politique, ils doivent se joindre à d’autres contre-publics dans un mouvement globalisant revendiquant le droit d’être non seulement entendus mais pris en considération.
L’état de l’information locale, régionale et nationale au Québec
Authors: Carignan Marie-Ève 
Published: March 2014

En 2008, le Conseil de presse du Québec a créé un précédent en effectuant une tournée des régions administratives québécoises, afin d’observer la perception du public et des acteurs socio-économiques de l’information. Pendant cinq mois, plus de deux cents organismes et plus de deux cent cinquante citoyens ont été consultés. Cette note de recherche revient sur ces rencontres et s’interroge sur les attentes des Premières Nations envers les médias et sur le portrait que ceux-ci font des diverses communautés. L’auteure y analyse individuellement, pour la première fois, les propos des intervenants autochtones rencontrés : les Innus (Montagnais), les Cris et les Inuits. Ces intervenants se sont exprimés sur l’accès et la qualité de l’information, déplorant certaines difficultés à accéder aux médias nationaux et sur les défis des médias régionaux devant couvrir de vastes territoires. La représentation déficiente des régions dans les médias nationaux et la folklorisation des autochtones dans ces médias sont aussi abordées.
Pulse Electrosynthesis of MnO2 Electrodes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Su Yisong , Zhitomirsky Igor 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTExperimental results on cathodic electrosynthesis of MnO2 electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors are presented. The deposition yield data at different pulse durations and electrosynthesis mechanism are discussed. Electron microscopy investigations show porous structure of the electrodes, which is beneficial for good electrolyte access to the active material. The capacitance of 2.6 F cm–2 (199 F g–1), energy density of 20 Wh kg–1 and power density of 28 kW kg–1 are achieved for 13 mg cm–2 electrodes. The electrodes show improved capacitance retention at high scan rates. The Ni plaque‐based MnO2 electrodes are promising for energy storage applications in electrochemical supercapacitors.
Macroscopic Free‐Standing Hierarchical 3D Architectures Assembled from Silver Nanowires by Ice Templating
Authors: Gao Huai‐Ling , Xu Liang , Long Fei , Pan Zhao , Du Yu‐Xiang , Lu Yang , Ge Jin , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAs macroscopic three dimensional (3D) architectures show increasing significance, much effort has been devoted to the hierarchical organization of 1D nanomaterials into serviceable macroscopic 3D assemblies. How to assemble 1D nanoscale building blocks into 3D hierarchical architectures is still a challenge. Herein we report a general strategy based on the use of ice as a template for assembling 1D nanostructures with high efficiency and good controllability. Free‐standing macroscopic 3D Ag nanowire (AgNW) assemblies with hierarchical binary‐network architectures are then fabricated from a 1D AgNW suspension for the first time. The microstructure of this 3D AgNW network endows it with electrical conductivity and allows it to be made into stretchable and foldable conductors with high electromechanical stability. These properties should make this kind of macroscopic 3D AgNW architecture and it composites suitable for electronic applications.
Influences of ethylene–butylacrylate–glycidyl methacrylate on morphology and mechanical properties of poly(butylene terephthalate)/polyolefin elastomer blends
Authors: Yang Li , Chen Hong , Jia Shikui , Lu Xiang , Huang Jintao , Yu Xingxing , Ye Kunhao , He Guangjian , Qu Jinping 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTElastomer ethylene–butylacrylate–glycidyl methacrylate (PTW) containing epoxy groups were chosen as toughening modifier for poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/polyolefin elastomer (POE) blend. The morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of the PBT/POE/PTW blend were studied. The infrared spectra of the blends proved that small parts of epoxy groups of PTW reacted with carboxylic acid or hydroxyl groups in PBT during melt blending, resulting in a grafted structure which tended to increase the viscosity and interfere with the crystallization process of the blend. The morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy revealed the dispersed POE particles were well distributed and the interaction between POE and PBT increased in the PBT/POE/PTW blends. Mechanical properties showed the addition of PTW could lead to a remarkable increase about 10‐times in impact strength with a small reduction in tensile strength of PBT/POE blends. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed with increasing PTW, the crystallization temperature (Tc) and crystallinity (Xc) decreased while the melting point (Tm) slightly increased. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis spectra indicated that the presence of PTW could improve the compatibility of PBT/POE blends. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40660.
Titanium‐Catalyzed Hydroalumination of Conjugated Dienes: Access to Fulvene‐Derived Allylaluminium Reagents and Their Diastereoselective Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Joseph Jomy , Jaroschik Florian , Harakat Dominique , Radhakrishnan K. V. , Vasse Jean‐Luc , Szymoniak Jan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe described titanium‐catalyzed hydroalumination of conjugated dienes opens up a new way to allylaluminium reagents. The reaction is carried out by using diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL‐H) and a catalytic amount of [Cp2TiCl2] (Cp=cyclopentadienyl). When applied to mono‐ and disubstitued pentafulvenes, this reaction proceeds in a highly endocyclic manner. The formed allylaluminium compounds react regio‐ and stereoselectively with both aldehydes and ketones to afford homoallylic alcohols that are suitable synthons for functionalized cyclopentanones. An extension of this methodology to simple dienes was also investigated. In the proposed mechanism, the initially formed bimetallic species (Ti/Al) are involved in the two possible catalytic cycles with a direct hydroalumination or/and a hydrotitanation followed by a titanium to aluminium transmetallation.
Uniform Mesoporous Anatase Hollow Spheres: An Unexpectedly Efficient Fabrication Process and Enhanced Performance in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Yubao , Chen Qifeng , Pan Feng , Li Hui , Xu Guo Qin , Chen Wei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUniform mesoporous anatase hollow spheres with high crystallinity have been fabricated by an efficient method, in which biocompatible ethanedioic acid acts as the chelating agent during the Ostwald ripening process. The combination of high crystallinity, large surface area, and mesoporosity leads to an excellent photocatalytic activity. In solar water splitting, the hollow spheres exhibit remarkably enhanced photocatalytic performance that is 1.4 times of P25.
Impacts of Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Smoking on Femoral Bone Loss: The Tromsø Study
Authors: Emaus Nina , Wilsgaard Tom , Ahmed Luai Awad 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Bone mineral density (BMD) is a reflection of bone strength and lifestyles that preserve bone mass and may reduce fracture risk in old age. This study examined the effect of combined profiles of smoking, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) on lifetime bone loss. Data were collected from the population-based Tromsø Study. BMD was measured as g/cm2 by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the total hip and femoral neck in 2580 women and 2084 men aged 30 to 80 years in the 2001–02 survey, and repeated in 1401 women and 1113 men in the 2007–08 survey. Height and weight were measured and lifestyle information was collected through questionnaires. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models with second-degree fractional polynomials. From the peak at the age around 40 years to 80 years of age, loss rates varied between 4% at the total hip and 14% at femoral neck in nonsmoking, physically active men with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 to approximately 30% at both femoral sites in heavy smoking, physically inactive men with a BMI value of 18 kg/m2. In women also, loss rates of more than 30% were estimated in the lifestyle groups with a BMI value of 18 kg/m2. BMI had the strongest effect on BMD, especially in the oldest age groups, but a BMI above 30 kg/m2 did not exert any additional effect compared with the population average BMI of 27 kg/m2. At the age of 80 years, a lifestyle of moderate BMI to light overweight, smoking avoidance, and physical activity of 4 hours of vigorous activity per week through adult life may result in 1 to 2 standard deviations higher BMD levels compared with a lifestyle marked by heavy smoking, inactivity, and low weight. In the prevention of osteoporosis and fracture risk, the effect of combined lifestyles through adult life should be highlighted. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Rare Earth Triflate Initiators in the Cationic Polymerization of Tung Oil‐Based Thermosetting Polymers for Self‐Healing Applications
Authors: Hondred Peter R. , Autori Carole , Kessler Michael R. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTRare earth triflates were successfully used to initiate the cationic polymerization of tung‐oil‐based thermosetting polymers. These bio‐renewable thermosets were developed and evaluated for use as an encapsulated healing agent in self‐healing materials. The tung‐oil‐based polymer is comprised of predominantly tung oil with styrene and divinylbenzene used as a reactive diluent and to improve the initiator solubility and the homogeneity of the resulting thermoset. While traditional cationic polymerization utilizes moisture‐sensitive Lewis acids as initiators, rare earth triflates offer a new approach to polymerization where moisture sensitivity is not a significant concern. Nine different rare earth triflates were investigated: ytterbium, scandium, samarium, cerium, gadolinium, erbium, terbium, holmium, and neodymium. The thermomechanical properties of the thermosets were tested and the analysis included effects of initiator type on the storage modulus, loss modulus, tan δ, glass transition temperature, and thermal stability. Finally, the adhesive properties of the thermosets were studied using compressive lap shear tests, and the fracture surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy.
Complications of radiologic contrast in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Mehrizi Mehyar , Pascuzzi Robert M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTUse of older contrast agents during radiologic imaging in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) has been associated with increased myasthenic symptoms and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The effects of newer contrast agents have not been determined. A retrospective review of imaging safety in MG was conducted. Three hundred fifty‐four imaging studies were analyzed. Procedures included 189 computed tomography (CT) images with and 106 without intravenous (IV) contrast and 42 magnetic resonance images (MRIs) with and 17 without contrast. In 108 patients for whom there was formal documentation of presence or absence of an immediate adverse response, only 1 who received CT IV contrast had an ADR (rate 0.93%). No ADRs or weakness were reported in patients who received MRI IV contrast. Our data suggest there is no significant immediate increased risk of myasthenic weakness with the use of modern radiologic contrast agents. The rate of ADRs in MG patients who receive CT IV contrast is now very low (0.93%). Muscle Nerve 50: 443–444, 2014
The efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in treating idiopathic OAB: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cui Yuanshan , Zhou Xin , Zong Huantao , Yan Huilei , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2014

AimWe carried out a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of the drug for treating idiopathic OAB.MethodsA literature review was performed to identify all published randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of idiopathic OAB. The search included the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The reference lists of the retrieved studies were also investigated.ResultsEight publications involving a total of 1,320 patients were used in the analysis, including six RCTs that compared onabotulinumtoxinA with placebo. OnabotulinumtoxinA significantly decreased the mean number of urinary incontinence (UI) per day −2.77 versus −1.01 (the standardized mean difference (SMD) = −1.68, 95% CI = −2.06 to −1.31, P < 0.00001); the mean number of micturitions per day −1.61 versus −0.87 (SMD = −1.82, 95% CI = −2.61 to −1.02, P < 0.00001); maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) 91.39 versus 32.32 (SMD = 63.82, 95% CI = 38.14 to 89.50, P < 0.00001) and volume voided 44.29 versus 7.36 (SMD = 33.05, 95% CI = 22.45 to 43.66, P < 0.00001) versus placebo and 29.20% versus 7.95% of patients became incontinence‐free (odds ratio [OR] = 4.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.11 to 7.70, P < 0.00001). Safety assessments primarily localized to the urinary tract indicated onabotulinumtoxinA were often associated with complications resulting from postvoid residuals (PVR; P < 0.00001), urinary tract infections (UTI; P < 0.00001) and clean intermittent catheterization (CIC; P < 0.00001).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis indicates that onabotulinumtoxinA to be an effective treatment for idiopathic overactive bladder symptoms with side effects primarily localized to urinary tract. Neurourol. Urodynam. 34:413–419, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Refractive index sensing by using Fano resonance enhanced two‐photon luminescence
Authors: Deng Hai‐Dong , Xu Jia‐Ling , Xu Yi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUtilizing three‐dimensional vectorial electromagnetic simulation, we propose a new refractive index sensing mechanism based on Fano resonance enhanced two‐photon‐absorption induced luminescence (TPL). The TPL from gold nanodisk heptamer (GNDH), which is affected by the refractive index of surrounding material, is used as an example to demonstrate the sensing mechanism facilitated by Fano resonance. The sensitivity of our method is about one order of magnitude better than the conventional refractive index sensing strategy employing plasmonic Fano resonance, while the size of the sensing probe can be further reduced at the same time.magnified imageSketch map of the TPL sensing platform.(© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mantel's theorem for random graphs
Authors: DeMarco B. , Kahn J. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTFor a graph G, denote by t(G) (resp. b(G)) the maximum size of a triangle‐free (resp. bipartite) subgraph of G. Of course for any G, and a classic result of Mantel from 1907 (the first case of Turán's Theorem) says that equality holds for complete graphs. A natural question, first considered by Babai, Simonovits and Spencer about 20 years ago is, when (i.e., for what p = p(n)) is the “Erdős‐Rényi” random graph G = G(n,p) likely to satisfy t(G) = b(G)? We show that this is true if for a suitable constant C, which is best possible up to the value of C. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 47, 59–72, 2015
Solving the Boltzmann equation deterministically by the fast spectral method: application to gas microflows
Authors: Wu Lei , Reese Jason M. , Zhang Yonghao 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBased on the fast spectral approximation to the Boltzmann collision operator, we present an accurate and efficient deterministic numerical method for solving the Boltzmann equation. First, the linearized Boltzmann equation is solved for Poiseuille and thermal creep flows, where the influence of different molecular models on the mass and heat flow rates is assessed, and the Onsager–Casimir relation at the microscopic level for large Knudsen numbers is demonstrated. Recent experimental measurements of mass flow rates along a rectangular tube with large aspect ratio are compared with numerical results for the linearized Boltzmann equation. Then, a number of two-dimensional microflows in the transition and free-molecular flow regimes are simulated using the nonlinear Boltzmann equation. The influence of the molecular model is discussed, as well as the applicability of the linearized Boltzmann equation. For thermally driven flows in the free-molecular regime, it is found that the magnitudes of the flow velocity are inversely proportional to the Knudsen number. The streamline patterns of thermal creep flow inside a closed rectangular channel are analysed in detail: when the Knudsen number is smaller than a critical value, the flow pattern can be predicted based on a linear superposition of the velocity profiles of linearized Poiseuille and thermal creep flows between parallel plates. For large Knudsen numbers, the flow pattern can be determined using the linearized Poiseuille and thermal creep velocity profiles at the critical Knudsen number. The critical Knudsen number is found to be related to the aspect ratio of the rectangular channel.
Exploring the interface between diagnostics and maps of neglected parasitic diseases
Authors: RINALDI LAURA , CRINGOLI GIUSEPPE 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYAlthough not new, the ‘One Health’ concept is gaining progressively more importance in parasitology. Now more than ever, veterinary and human perspectives should be closely joined in diagnosis and surveillance of neglected parasitic diseases. We argue that concerted, standardized and harmonized diagnostic and surveillance strategies are needed for the control and/or elimination of animal and human neglected parasitic infections. A key challenge is to integrate parasitological data with available geospatial methods in an accessible and user-friendly framework. We discuss the capability of new diagnostic devices (e.g. Mini-FLOTAC) and geospatial technologies supported by mobile- and electronic-based approaches as one of the research priorities of the new millennium.
BOLIVIAN PUBLIC FINANCES, 1882-2010. THE CHALLENGE TO MAKE SOCIAL SPENDING SUSTAINABLE
Authors: Peres-Cajías José Alejandro 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper offers a long-term comparative study of Bolivian public finances using a new detailed database. First, it shows that Bolivian government revenues and expenditures were particularly small and volatile until the 1980s. Second, it stresses that, whereas the relative importance of social expenditure has grown constantly since the late 1930s, public revenues have always had an unbalanced structure. Finally, it confirms that budget deficits have been constant, at times reaching levels that were especially damaging for the overall economy. This suggests that the potential redistributive impact of Bolivian public finances was not necessarily (or not only) hindered by the lack of an explicit commitment towards redistributive expenses, but by an extreme vulnerability in the revenue side.