bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root caries: a survey of Queensland dentists
Authors: Garton BJ , Ford PJ 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundRoot caries stands to be a significant burden for Australia's ageing population. The objective of this study was to describe Queensland dental practitioners' perceptions of root caries prevalence, presentation and predisposing factors as well as diagnosis and recording practices.MethodsUsing the Queensland Dental Board register, all 2 515 dentists and dental specialists practising in Queensland were invited to participate in a questionnaire‐based postal survey.ResultsOf the 660 responses received, 638 were included for final analysis. Use of diagnostic measures such as surface elasticity and contour were reported frequently. A majority of respondents (77%) reported not recording root caries in a way that could be distinguished from coronal caries. Dietary analysis was the most commonly reported adjunctive aid for risk assessment. Recommendations for use of remineralizing agents were frequently reported (home use 90%; in office use 71%). Salivary impairment was reported to be an important risk factor for root caries by 93% of respondents, but only 18% reported performing salivary analysis. A large proportion of respondents (32%) considered patients with diabetes to be of low or no risk of root caries.ConclusionsWhile the Queensland dental practitioners who participated in this survey demonstrated an awareness of root caries and its predisposing factors, clinical risk assessment particularly for patients with diabetes should be further examined.
Effect of roasting parameters on soy‐butter product quality
Authors: Agrahar Murugkar Dipika , Kotwaliwale, Nachiket , Kumar Manoj , Gupta Chetan 
Published: February 2013

SummaryEffect of roasting temperature and time on the hardness, moisture content and colour of whole‐kernel of soybean was studied using response surface method (RSM). Colour of reference soy‐butter (RSB) was used to indicate the time and temperature suitable for roasting soybean kernels to prepare soy‐butter (SB). Temperature (160 °C) and time (90 min) for roasting were identified, soybean kernels were roasted, subsequently made into SB and compared with RSB on the basis of nutrient content, particle size, colour and rheology. SB contained 45 g% protein and 34 g% fat on dry matter basis. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between RSB and SB on the basis of L* values, D3,2 and D4,3. Rheology showed that SB samples behaved like a viscoelastic material. The mean apparent viscosity was significantly different (P < 0.0001) between SB (7.18 Pa.s) and RSB (4.72 Pa.s) which may be due to the significant difference in the particle size distribution (PSD). The Herschel‐Bulkley model could successfully explain the rheological behaviour of SB.
Comparison of Long‐Term Outcomes Associated With Three Surgical Techniques for Treatment of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease in Dogs
Authors: Christopher Scott A. , Beetem Jodi , Cook James L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate long‐term (>1 year) outcomes with respect to function and complications in dogs undergoing TightRope (TR), tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO), or tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease.Study DesignRetrospective clinical cohort study.MethodsMedical records from 2006 to 2009 were searched and cases included when all data were available and clients returned a completed questionnaire based on their assessment of their dog at least 1 year after surgery. Outcomes associated with TPLO, TTA, and TR were determined and compared based on medical records and questionnaires data regarding return to function, presence and degree of pain, and complications.ResultsCase meeting inclusion criteria were: TPLO (n = 65), TR (n = 79), and TTA (n = 18). TTA was associated with significantly (P < .03) higher rates of major complications and subsequent meniscal tears than TPLO and TR, and TPLO had significantly higher rates of major complications and meniscal tears than TR. Percent of function >1 year after surgery was 93.1% + 10.0% for TPLO, 92.7% + 19.3% for TR, and 89.2% + 11.6% for TTA. Significantly (P = 0.016) more TPLO and TR cases were classified as reaching full function than TTA. The highest levels, frequency, and severity of pain were noted in TTA cases, however, no significant differences were noted among groups.ConclusionLong‐term outcomes for TPLO and TR were superior to TTA based on subjective client and DVM assessments. Each technique was associated with a high long‐term success rate with TR showing the highest safety‐to‐efficacy ratio.
The Use of Conjunctions in Cognitively Simple Versus Complex Oral L2 Tasks
Authors: Michel Marije C. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study explores the use of conjunctions in simple versus complex argumentative tasks performed by second language (L2) learners as a specific measure for the amount of reasoning involved in task performance. The Cognition Hypothesis (Robinson, 2005) states that an increase in cognitive task complexity promotes improvements in L2 performance. This effect should become particularly visible when task‐specific performance measures are used (Robinson & Gilabert, 2007). This article evaluates these claims by investigating the oral performance of 64 L2 learners on cognitively simple, as compared with cognitively complex, oral argumentative reasoning tasks. The analysis focuses first on the overall frequency and occurrence of conjunctions. Next, 5 conjunctions that are considered to be highly task‐relevant are examined more closely. Results are discussed in light of the speech production of 44 native speakers who performed the same tasks under the same conditions. The discussion addresses implications of the findings for the cognitive approach to task‐based L2 research in light of Robinson's (2005) Cognition Hypothesis. From the standpoint of research methodology it highlights the benefits of native speaker data as a baseline for comparison.
Analysing and mapping species range dynamics using occupancy models
Authors: Kéry Marc , Guillera‐Arroita Gurutzeta , Lahoz‐Monfort José J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimOur aims are: (1) to highlight the power of dynamic occupancy models for analysing species range dynamics while accounting for imperfect detection; (2) to emphasize the flexibility to model effects of environmental covariates in the dynamics parameters (extinction and colonization probability); and (3) to illustrate the development of predictive maps of range dynamics by projecting estimated probabilities of occupancy, local extinction and colonization.LocationSwitzerland.MethodsWe used data from the Swiss breeding bird survey to model the Swiss range dynamics of the European crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) from 2000 to 2007. Within‐season replicate surveys at each 1 km2 sample unit allowed us to fit dynamic occupancy models that account for imperfect detection, and thus estimate the following processes underlying the observed range dynamics: local extinction, colonization and detection. For comparison, we also fitted a model variant where detection was assumed to be perfect.ResultsAll model parameters were affected by elevation, forest cover and elevation‐by‐forest cover interactions and exhibited substantial annual variation. Detection probability varied seasonally and among years, highlighting the need for its estimation. Projecting parameter estimates in environmental or geographical space is a powerful means of understanding what the model is telling about covariate relationships. Geographical maps were substantially different between the model where detection was estimated and that where it was not, emphasizing the importance of accounting for imperfect detection in studies of range dynamics, even for high‐quality data.Main conclusionsThe study of species range dynamics is among the most exciting avenues for species distribution modelling. Dynamic occupancy models offer a robust framework for doing so, by accounting for imperfect detection and directly modelling the effects of covariates on the parameters that govern distributional change. Mapping parameter estimates modelled by spatially indexed covariates is an under‐used way to gain insights into dynamic species distributions.
Selective sunscreen application on nevi: frequency and determinants of a wrong sun‐protective behaviour
Authors: Suppa M. , Argenziano G. , Moscarella E. , Hofmann‐Wellenhof R. , Thomas L. , Catricalà C. , Gutiérrez‐González E. , Fargnoli M.C. , Peris K. , Zalaudek I. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundSunscreen use is generally recommended in order to prevent skin cancer but erroneous patterns of use were reported, including the selective application on melanocytic nevi.ObjectiveTo assess prevalence and determinants of selective sunscreen application on nevi and participants' behavioural risk profile overall.MethodsA multilingual, dichotomous, funnel‐designed questionnaire about sun exposure/protection habits and perceived nevus count was administered to patients attending five Dermatology Departments in three countries (Italy, Austria and France). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine independent predictors of each answer.ResultsAmong the 1816 subjects surveyed (59.3% females, age 14–90 (median 45) years, 44.7% Italians), 1273 (70.1%) reported intentional sun exposure and 1109/1273 (87.1%) reported sunscreen use. Among the latter, 1086 (97.9%) stated they have moles on their skin. Fifty‐one/1086 (4.7%) reported selective sunscreen application on nevi. Reported information sources were: dermatologist (49.0%), personal belief (31.4%), relative/friend (7.8%), media (7.8%), paediatrician (2.0%) and general practitioner (2.0%). Increasing age (P < 0.05) and being Italian (P < 0.001) were independent predictors of selective sunscreen application on nevi. Sun‐seeking behaviours were predicted by decreasing age, female sex and being Italian.ConclusionSelective sunscreen application on nevi was more common than expected. It is of concern that this was recommended mostly by physicians. There is a need to educate patients, non‐expert clinicians, media and the sunscreen industry on this matter. Tan patients presenting with halo nevi should be questioned about this behaviour in order to avoid false positive diagnoses.
Acidic deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid induce interleukin‐8 production through p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and protein kinase A in a squamous epithelial model
Authors: Shan Jing , Oshima Tadayuki , Fukui Hirokazu , Watari Jiro , Miwa Hiroto 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and AimImmune‐mediated mucosal inflammation characterized by the production of interleukin (IL)‐8 is associated with the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The effects of bile acids, which are major components of reflux fluid, on the production of IL‐8 and related mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to address these questions using an esophageal stratified squamous epithelial model.MethodsNormal human esophageal epithelial cells were seeded on the Transwell inserts and cultured with the air‐liquid interface system to establish the model. Bile acids under different pH conditions were added to the apical compartment to examine their effects on IL‐8 production and the underlying cellular signaling.ResultsConjugated bile acids under a neutral or acidic condition did not induce IL‐8 production, and unconjugated bile acids, deoxycholic acid (DCA), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) all significantly induced IL‐8 production, dose‐ and time‐dependently, only under weakly acid conditions. Inhibition of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and protein kinase A (PKA) attenuated the production of IL‐8 induced by acidic DCA and CDCA. Inhibition of PKA did not block the bile acid‐induced p38 MAPK activation.ConclusionsCompared with conjugated bile acids, the unconjugated bile acids DCA and CDCA are more likely to induce IL‐8 production in vivo, especially under weakly acid conditions. This process involves two independent signaling pathways, p38 MAPK and PKA.
Comparison of periodontal destruction patterns among patients with and without the habit of smokeless tobacco use – a retrospective study
Authors: Anand P. S. , Kamath K. P. , Bansal A. , Dwivedi S. , Anil S. 
Published: February 2013

Background and ObjectiveThe effects of tobacco smoking on the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease have been well documented. However, very few studies have assessed the effects of oral smokeless tobacco (ST) on the periodontium. Considering the widespread use of ST products globally, the effects of such products on the periodontal tissues may be important. The present study was performed to compare retrospectively the patterns of periodontal destruction among oral ST users and never‐users with periodontitis.Material and MethodsData from 149 patients with periodontitis (60 ST users and 89 never‐users) were compared for mean scores of probing depth, recession (REC) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) and the mean percentage of sites with different ranges of probing depth, REC and CAL.ResultsFor full‐mouth scores, mean REC and CAL were significantly higher in ST users than in never‐users (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively). For different regions of the dentition, mean scores of REC were significantly higher among ST users than among never‐users (p < 0.001 for all regions), and mean scores of CAL were significantly higher for ST users in mandibular (p < 0.001), buccal (p = 0.008), lingual (p = 0.022), anterior (p = 0.012) and molar (p = 0.009) sites. Generally, there were higher percentages of sites with shallow pockets (0–3 mm), REC of ≥ 1 mm and CAL of ≥ 3 mm in ST users than in never‐users. However, only differences for REC categories were significant for all regions (p < 0.001). ST users had a significantly higher proportion of sites with CAL of ≥8 mm for full‐mouth sites (p = 0.003), mandibular teeth (p < 0.001), buccal sites (p = 0.002), anterior teeth (p = 0.040) and molars (p = 0.007).ConclusionST users tend to have more severe REC and CAL and a greater proportion of sites with higher values of REC and CAL compared with never‐users. The greatest increase in severity of CAL was found to be localized to sites on mandibular teeth, buccal surfaces, anteriors and molars, which may be a result of the retention of the ST product in the oral cavity.
Incremental shuttle walk test in the assessment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Billings Catherine G. , Aung Thida , Renshaw Stephen A. , Bianchi Stephen M. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome is associated independently with an increase in cardiovascular risk factors and is associated with self‐reported lack of exercise. We aimed to investigate the utility of the incremental shuttle walk test in routine clinical practice to monitor physical capacity of patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome and explore whether continuous positive airway pressure therapy alters exercise capacity. Participants with symptomatic moderate/severe obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome attending for a trial of continuous positive airway pressure therapy completed questionnaires assessing sleepiness and physical activity and underwent an incremental shuttle walk test. Subjects compliant or partially compliant with continuous positive airway pressure therapy underwent reassessment at 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months post‐initiation of therapy. Participants unable to tolerate continuous positive airway pressure therapy completed a single reassessment 6 months after their initial visit. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy resulted in an increased distance walked during the incremental shuttle walk test. Improvements in cardiovascular responses to exercise were identified. Compliant patients reported increased daily activity. The incremental shuttle walk test is a simple, reproducible and safe test that is responsive to continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Our findings support the use of the incremental shuttle walk test for monitoring the effects of continuous positive airway pressure treatment and may suggest its use in rehabilitation programmes designed to reduce obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome.
Balancing genetic uniqueness and genetic variation in determining conservation and translocation strategies: a comprehensive case study of threatened dwarf galaxias, Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Pisces: Galaxiidae)
Authors: Coleman R. A. , Weeks A. R. , Hoffmann A. A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGenetic markers are widely used to define and manage populations of threatened species based on the notion that populations with unique lineages of mtDNA and well‐differentiated nuclear marker frequencies should be treated separately. However, a danger of this approach is that genetic uniqueness might be emphasized at the cost of genetic diversity, which is essential for adaptation and is potentially boosted by mixing geographically separate populations. Here, we re‐explore the issue of defining management units, focussing on a detailed study of Galaxiella pusilla, a small freshwater fish of national conservation significance in Australia. Using a combination of microsatellite and mitochondrial markers, 51 populations across the species range were surveyed for genetic structure and diversity. We found an inverse relationship between genetic differentiation and genetic diversity, highlighting a long‐term risk of deliberate isolation of G. pusilla populations based on protection of unique lineages. Instead, we adopt a method for identifying genetic management units that takes into consideration both uniqueness and genetic variation. This produced a management framework to guide future translocation and re‐introduction efforts for G. pusilla, which contrasted to the framework based on a more traditional approach that may overlook important genetic variation in populations.
Large‐scale characterization of drought pattern: a continent‐wide modelling approach applied to the Australian wheatbelt – spatial and temporal trends
Authors: Chenu Karine , Deihimfard Reza , Chapman Scott C. 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Plant response to drought is complex, so that traits adapted to a specific drought type can confer disadvantage in another drought type. Understanding which type(s) of drought to target is of prime importance for crop improvement.

Modelling was used to quantify seasonal drought patterns for a check variety across the Australian wheatbelt, using 123 yr of weather data for representative locations and managements. Two other genotypes were used to simulate the impact of maturity on drought pattern.

Four major environment types summarized the variability in drought pattern over time and space. Severe stress beginning before flowering was common (44% of occurrences), with (24%) or without (20%) relief during grain filling. High variability occurred from year to year, differing with geographical region. With few exceptions, all four environment types occurred in most seasons, for each location, management system and genotype.

Applications of such environment characterization are proposed to assist breeding and research to focus on germplasm, traits and genes of interest for target environments. The method was applied at a continental scale to highly variable environments and could be extended to other crops, to other drought‐prone regions around the world, and to quantify potential changes in drought patterns under future climates.
Optimization of Hexadecylpyridinium Chloride Decontamination for Culture of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from Milk
Authors: Bradner L. , Robbe-Austerman S. , Beitz D. C. , Stabel J. R. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTA protocol was optimized for the isolation ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(MAP) from milk and colostrum, with parameters including chemical decontamination, antibiotics, and different culture media. This study demonstrates that the efficiency of MAP recovery from milk is highly dependent upon the culturing protocol, and such protocols should be optimized to ensure that low concentrations of MAP in milk can be detected.
Magnetic Bead Protocol for Culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Sputum Specimens
Authors: Ghodbane Ramzi , Drancourt Michel 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

A magnetic bead protocol and a standard centrifugation protocol yielded
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in 40/50 sputum specimens in 12 ± 1 days and 11 ± 2 days, respectively (
P
> 0.05 by Student's
t
test). Manipulation took 35 ± 5 min and 45 ± 10 min, respectively (
P
< 0.05). The magnetic bead protocol could advantageously replace centrifugation for culturing
M. tuberculosis
from sputum.
ORF11 Protein Interacts with the ORF9 Essential Tegument Protein in Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection
Authors: Che Xibing , Oliver Stefan L. , Reichelt Mike , Sommer Marvin H. , Haas Jürgen , Roviš Tihana L. , Arvin Ann M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The tegument proteins encoded by ORF11 and ORF9 of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are conserved among all alphaherpesvirus. We previously demonstrated that the ORF9 gene is essential, whereas ORF11 is dispensable
in vitro
but its deletion severely impairs VZV infection of skin xenografts in the SCID mouse model
in vivo
. Here we report that ORF11 protein interacts with ORF9 protein in infected cells as well as in the absence of other viral proteins, and we have mapped the ORF11 protein domain involved in their interaction. Although ORF11 is an RNA binding protein, the interaction between ORF11 and ORF9 proteins was not mediated by RNA or DNA bridging. VZV recombinants with mutations preventing ORF11 protein binding to ORF9 protein had no effect on 6-day growth kinetics based on plaque numbers, but plaque sizes were reduced
in vitro
. However, disruption of the ORF11 and ORF9 protein interaction was associated with failure to replicate in skin xenografts
in vivo
. Further, we demonstrate that in the absence of their interaction, the ORF9 protein displays an identical cellular localization, accumulating in the
trans
-Golgi region, whereas the ORF11 protein exhibits aberrant localization, dispersing throughout the cytoplasm. Overall, our observations suggest that while complete tegument assembly may not be necessary for VZV replication
in vitro
, the interaction between the ORF11 and ORF9 proteins appears to be critical for the proper localization of ORF11 protein to the assembly complex and for production of infectious virus during VZV pathogenesis in skin.