bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Agricultural Runoff on Vegetation Composition of a Priority Conservation Wetland, Vermont, USA
Authors: Gustafson Shelley , Wang Deane 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis study examined the effects of agricultural runoff on the vegetation structure of Franklin Bog, a priority conservation area located in a rapidly developing region of northwestern Vermont. Forested and agricultural runoff from the mixed land use watershed created differential vegetation patterns in the wetland, including weedy species introductions. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were measured in the stream runoff from four forested subwatersheds and two agricultural subwatersheds. Nutrient concentrations were significantly higher for agricultural vs. forested runoff for all measured parameters. Nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations in agricultural runoff ranged from 0.62 to 1.35 mg L−1and 0.07 to 0.37 mg L−1, respectively. Forested runoff values were less than 0.37 mg L−1nitrate and 0.09 mg L−1total phosphorus. Significantly higher proportions of weedy species occurred at impacted vs. reference sites (46 ± 5% vs. 23 ± 4%). Furthermore, significantly higher total percent vegetated cover occurred at impacted vs. reference sites (116 ± 11% vs. 77 ± 9%) suggesting nutrient induced plant growth. Of the nine frequently occurring species categorized as bog species, only one was found within impacted sites while all nine were found at the reference sites. This suggests that the wetland's distinctive native flora is being replaced by widespread, vigorous species enhanced by agricultural nonpoint pollution in the watershed of Franklin Bog. Protection of wetlands requires attention to conservation measures throughout the entire watershed.
Radionuclides as Indicators of Sediment Transport in Agricultural Watersheds that Drain to Lake Erie
Authors: Matisoff Gerald , Bonniwell Everett C. , Whiting Peter J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAn issue in evaluating the success of agricultural management practices is the speed that eroded particles make their way through the downstream waters. In this study at Old Woman Creek (OWC) and Rock Creek (RC), two largely agricultural watersheds in Ohio, the flux of sediment and radionuclides (7Be, 210Pb, and 137Cs) in thunderstorm runoff was examined to better understand transport of eroded agricultural soils. The hydrograph in an agricultural area under no‐till was similar in timing, but of lesser magnitude, than the hydrograph from a similar‐sized area under conventional tillage. The activities of 210Pb and 7Be are linearly correlated and are higher in suspended sediments derived from no‐till subbasins than those derived from conventionally tilled subbasins. A suspended sediment plume, identified by its unique radionuclide signature, was traced through 17 km of OWC stream channel in approximately 13.4 h (0.35 m/s). The downstream exponential decrease of 7Be activities in suspended sediments 3 to 12 h after passage of the sediment plume was used to estimate transport distances of suspended sediment from 2 to 17 km, respectively. Transport distances of suspended sediments were also calculated from wave kinematics and indicate that at OWC suspended sediment transport distances were longer in streams draining areas of no‐till (19–26 km) than in the streams draining areas of conventional tillage (6–15 km). Suspended sediments travel 7 to 22 km at RC. The transport distances are long relative to the lengths of the stream channel and indicate that erosion control methods implemented in the watershed should be reflected quickly in downstream waters.
Efficacy of an Anesthetic Gel in the Reduction of Pain During Impression Making
Authors: Bressan E , Paniz G , Gobbato L , Franco A , Lops D 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARY

Introduction
Gingival tissue displacement can be an uncomfortable procedure, often performed without injectable local anesthesia. The present study evaluated the efficacy of an anesthetic gel in reducing pain during this procedure.

Material and Methods
Thirty patients undergoing definitive dental impression, for fabricating full-coverage restorations, were evaluated for pain perception on displacement of the surrounding gingival tissues. All the participants were randomly divided into two groups. Five minutes before the insertion of the displacement cord, the anesthetic gel, a mixture of 5% lidocaine and 5% prilocaine, was applied in the sulcus of test group patients. Each patient was asked to complete the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Verbal Rating Scale (VRS).

Results
In the two scales considered, test group patients showed a statistically significant pain reduction (VAS p=0.0002, VRS p=0.01054) compared to control group patients.

Conclusions
Within the limitations of this study, a clinically significant efficacy of the anesthetic gel was noticed during gingival displacement procedures.
Pure chitosan microfibres for biomedical applications
Authors: Toskas Georgios , Brünler Ronny , Hund Heike , Hund Rolf-Dieter , Hild Martin , Aibibu Dilibaier , Cherif Chokri 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Due to its excellent biocompatibility, Chitosan is a very promising material for degradable products in biomedical
applications. The development of pure chitosan microfibre yarn with defined size and directional alignment has
always remained a critical research objective. Only fibres of consistent quality can be manufactured into textile
structures, such as nonwovens and knitted or woven fabrics. In an adapted, industrial scale wet spinning process,
chitosan fibres can now be manufactured at the Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material
Technology at TU Dresden (ITM). The dissolving system, coagulation bath, washing bath and heating/drying were
optimised in order to obtain pure chitosan fibres that possess an adequate tenacity. A high polymer concentration
of 8.0–8.5% wt. is realised by regulating the dope-container temperature. The mechanical tests show that the
fibres present very high average tensile force up to 34.3 N, tenacity up to 24.9 cN/tex and Young’s modulus up
to 20.6 GPa, values much stronger than that of the most reported chitosan fibres. The fibres were processed into
3D nonwoven structures and stable knitted and woven textile fabrics. The mechanical properties of the fibres and
fabrics enable its usage as textile scaffolds in regenerative medicine. Due to the osteoconductive properties of
chitosan, promising fields of application include cartilage and bone tissue engineering.
Surgical outcomes in spinal cord ependymomas and the importance of extent of resection in children and young adults
Authors: Safaee Michael , Oh Michael C. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Weinstein Philip R. , Ames Christopher P. , Chou Dean , Berger Mitchel S. , Parsa Andrew T. , Gupta Nalin 
Published: February 2014

Object
Ependymomas are a common type of CNS tumor in children, although only 13% originate from the spinal cord. Aside from location and extent of resection, the factors that affect outcome are not well understood.

Methods
The authors performed a search of an institutional neuropathology database to identify all patients with spinal cord ependymomas treated over the past 20 years. Data on patient age, sex, clinical presentation, symptom duration, tumor location, extent of resection, use of radiation therapy, surgical complications, presence of tumor recurrence, duration of follow-up, and residual symptoms were collected. Pediatric patients were defined as those 21 years of age or younger at diagnosis. The extent of resection was defined by the findings of the postoperative MR images.

Results
A total of 24 pediatric patients with spinal cord ependymomas were identified with the following pathological subtypes: 14 classic (Grade II), 8 myxopapillary (Grade I), and 2 anaplastic (Grade III) ependymomas. Both anaplastic ependymomas originated in the intracranial compartment and spread to the spinal cord at recurrence. The mean follow-up duration for patients with classic and myxopapillary ependymomas was 63 and 45 months, respectively. Seven patients with classic ependymomas underwent gross-total resection (GTR), while 4 received subtotal resection (STR), 2 received STR as well as radiation therapy, and 1 received radiation therapy alone. All but 1 patient with myxopapillary ependymomas underwent GTR. Three recurrences were identified in the Grade II group at 45, 48, and 228 months. A single recurrence was identified in the Grade I group at 71 months. The mean progression-free survival (PFS) was 58 months in the Grade II group and 45 months in the Grade I group.

Conclusions
Extent of resection is an important prognostic factor in all pediatric spinal cord ependymomas, particularly Grade II ependymomas. These data suggest that achieving GTR is more difficult in the upper spinal cord, making tumor location another important factor. Although classified as Grade I lesions, myxopapillary ependymomas had similar outcomes when compared with classic (Grade II) ependymomas, particularly with respect to PFS. Long-term complications or new neurological deficits were rare. Among patients with long-term follow-up, those who underwent GTR had a recurrence rate of 20% compared with 40% among those with STR or biopsy only, suggesting that extent of resection is perhaps a more important prognostic factor than histological grade in predicting PFS, which has been suggested by other data in the literature. Given the relative paucity of these lesions, collaborative multiinstitutional studies are needed, and such efforts should also focus on molecular and genetic analysis to refine the current classification system.
Effect of various extracts of Tabernaemontana divaricata on haloperidol induced catalepsy in rats
Authors: Raj Chanchal N. , Balasubramaniam A. , Nadeem Sayyed 
Published: February 2014

Parkinsons disease (PD) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases with selective loss of dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. In the present study, anti-cataleptic activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata leaves extracts viz. aqueous and ethanolic at different doses (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg i.p.) were studied using haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) induced catalepsy in rats which is a useful animal model for screening drugs for Parkinsons disease. Both the extracts were found to reduce catalepsy significantly (P<0.001) as compared to the haloperidol treated rats showing greater effect at 150 mg/kg i.p. dose. Thus the present study reveals the anti-cataleptic activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata evaluating the traditional folklore medicinal use of the plant.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i3.17891 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, February 2014, 3(3): 240-242
Laparoscopic ovarian transposition in patients with pelvic cancer
Authors: Žilinskas Kastytis , Sabonytė-Balšaitienė Živilė , Samalavičius Narimantas Evaldas 
Published: February 2014

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic ovarian transposition prior to radiation therapy on the preservation of hormonal function in the treatment of pelvic cancer.
Materials and methods. A chart review of premenopausal women diag­nosed with pelvic cancer, who underwent laparoscopic ovarian transposition to paracolic gutters, then received preoperative radiotherapy at the Center of Oncosurgery, Oncology Institute of Vilnius, from January 2010 to July 2013.
Results. A total of 14 patients underwent laparoscopic ovarian transposition. Patients were divided into two groups by localisation of can­cer: 2 (14.29%) patients diagnosed with rectal cancer and 12 (85.71%) with cervical cancer. Patients’ age was from 24 to 42 years with a mean age of 33.71 (SD ± 5.22) years. The average age of the patients in the first group was 26 (SD ± 2.83) years. In the second group women, aged 29 and 42 years with a mean age of 35 (SD ± 4.35) years, were analyzed. Rectal cancer of stage III was diagnosed in both women of the first group. Tumor stage distribution in the second group, respectively: stage I – 2 cases (16.67%), stage II – 3 cases (25%), stage III – 7 cases (58.33%). Seven (58.33%) patients of the second group underwent complete endoscopic staging. In these groups of 14 patients there were 2 (14.3%) complications (injury of the inferior vena cava and postoperative abnormal vaginal bleeding). No postoperative exitus occurred. The mean duration of the operation was 2 hours 26 minutes ± 55 minutes (60–245 minutes), respectively, 2 hours 40 minutes ± 49 minutes (95–245 minutes) when laparoscopic staging and ovarian transposition was performed and 2 hours 12 minutes ± 1 hour 1 minute (60–245 minutes) when only ovarian transposition was performed. The hospitalization period ranged from 5 to 52 days (average 12 days).
Conclusions. Laparoscopic ovarian transposition is a relatively safe and effective procedure for preserving ovarian function. This procedure should be considered in all reproductive age female patients who need to undergo pelvic irradiation as part of pelvic cancer treatment.
« Il n’y a pas de mots » et « Ma langue est pleine de mots »
Authors: Bourassa Lucie 
Published: February 2014

Christophe Tarkos s’inscrit dans une tradition importante de la modernité littéraire française, où les poètes associent étroitement leur pratique à une méditation sur le langage. Dans des essais et manifestes, il multiplie les déclarations fracassantes, proposant par exemple une vision théorique du signe linguistique (« Le signifiant égale le signifié ») et de la référence (« Le mot n’est pas un référenceur »), des explications étonnantes sur l’origine et la signification du mot « mot », qui « vient du mot mao » et qui « ment » et une théorie d’ensemble sur le langage comme « pâte-mots » ou « Patmo ». Plusieurs commentateurs de l’oeuvre de Tarkos ont commenté cette « pâte-mots », y voyant une métaphore de l’écriture du poète. L’étude qui est proposée ici reviendra abondamment sur cette notion, mais ne l’abordera pas d’abord comme une métaphore apte à expliquer l’ensemble des écrits du poète. La pâte sera appréhendée comme l’un des éléments, central certes, mais non unique, d’une théorie du langage qui se construit en discours, comme un processus, dans l’activité d’écriture. Le but est de mettre au jour certains aspects spécifiques de cette théorie, cela non seulement dans le propos explicite, mais également dans l’organisation du discours, dans son « faire ». L’analyse portera principalement sur des écrits qui thématisent la langue ou la poésie. La méditation de Tarkos sur le langage est multiple, complexe, et non dénuée de paradoxes, si bien que le parcours de la présente étude sera parfois sinueux. Cependant, il sera toujours guidé, plus ou moins visiblement, par l’hypothèse selon laquelle cette théorie, loin d’une pensée du signe et de la séparation, est hantée par le continu.
Alaska Megathrust 2: Imaging the megathrust zone and Yakutat/Pacific plate interface in the Alaska subduction zone
Authors: Kim YoungHee , Abers Geoffrey A. , Li Jiyao , Christensen Douglas , Calkins Josh , Rondenay Stéphane 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe image the slab underneath a 450 km long transect of the Alaska subduction zone to investigate (1) the geometry and velocity structure of the downgoing plate and their relationship to slab seismicity and (2) the interplate coupled zone where the great 1964 earthquake (Mw 9.2) exhibited the largest amount of rupture. The joint teleseismic migration of two array data sets based on receiver functions (RFs) reveals a prominent, shallow‐dipping low‐velocity layer at ~25–30 km depth in southern Alaska. Modeling of RF amplitudes suggests the existence of a thin layer (Vs of ~2.1–2.6 km/s) that is ~20–40% slower than underlying oceanic crustal velocities, and is sandwiched between the subducted slab and the overriding plate. The observed megathrust layer (with Vp/Vs of 1.9–2.3) may be due to a thick sediment input from the trench in combination with elevated pore fluid pressure in the channel. Our image also includes an unusually thick low‐velocity crust subducting with a ~20° dip down to 130 km depth at ~200 km inland beneath central Alaska. The unusual nature of this subducted segment results from the subduction of the Yakutat terrane crust. Our imaged western edge of the Yakutat terrane aligns with the western end of a geodetically locked patch with high slip deficit, and coincides with the boundary of aftershock events from the 1964 earthquake. It appears that this sharp change in the nature of the downgoing plate could control the slip distribution of great earthquakes on this plate interface.
Disfluency Meets Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning: Does Harder‐to‐Read Mean Better‐to‐Understand?
Authors: Eitel Alexander , Kühl Tim , Scheiter Katharina , Gerjets Peter 
Published: February 2014

SummaryIn a series of four experiments, we examined the impact of disfluency in multimedia learning by testing contrasting predictions derived from disfluency theory and cognitive load theory against each other. Would a less legible text be beneficial to learning when accompanied by pictures, and what would be the role of less legible pictures? Students (N = 308) learned with text and pictures that were either easy‐to‐read (i.e., fluent) or harder‐to‐read (i.e., disfluent) about how a toilet flush works (Experiments 1–3) and about how lightning develops (Experiment 4). In line with disfluency theory, a disfluent text led to better performance in the transfer test and to more invested mental effort in Experiment 1. However, these beneficial effects could not be replicated in Experiments 2, 3, and 4, leaving open questions regarding the stability and generalizability of the disfluency effect, and thus raising concerns regarding its impact for educational practice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Powder Semi‐Solid Casting Technology for Preparation of High Chromium Cast Iron Alloy
Authors: He Jianjun , Li Xianze 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA new preparation technology, termed powder semi‐solid (PSS) casting, has been developed for the preparation of fine‐grained alloys. In this process, certain amount of alloy powder, which has the same composition as the melt, is added into the melt and then immediately stirred until the powder is uniformly distributed. The M7C3 carbide phases in the as‐cast alloy are fine batten‐like or in equiaxed shape and their ratio of length to radial reduces. The eutectic colonies are refined greatly comparing with that of the conventionally cast alloys, and their size are between 20 and 50 μm. The α‐Fe transferred from primarily precipitated austenite is refined too. Furthermore, the PSS casting technology can also modify the morphology of austenite grains and refine them effectively.
Borohydride Ionic Liquids and Borane/Ionic‐Liquid Solutions as Hypergolic Fuels with Superior Low Ignition‐Delay Times
Authors: Li Songqing , Gao Haixiang , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn propellant systems, fuels of choice continue to be hydrazine and its derivatives, even though they comprise a class of acutely carcinogenic and toxic substances which exhibit rather high vapor pressures and require expensive handling procedures and costly safety precautions. Hypergolic ionic liquids tend to have low volatility and high thermal and chemical stability, and often exhibit wide liquid ranges, which could allow the use of these substances as bipropellant fuels under a variety of conditions. A new family of borohydride ionic liquids and borane–ionic‐liquid solutions is described which meets nearly all of the desired important criteria for well‐performing fuels. They exhibit ignition‐delay times that are superior to that of any known hypergolic ionic liquid and may thus be legitimate replacements for hydrazine and its derivatives.
Engineering the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa for lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Roche Christine M. , Glass N. Louise , Blanch Harvey W. , Clark Douglas S. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMicrobially produced triacylglycerol (TAG) is a potential feedstock for the production of biodiesel, but its commercialization will require high yields from low‐cost renewable feedstocks such as lignocellulose. The present study employs a multi‐gene approach to increasing TAG biosynthesis in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. We demonstrate the redirection of carbon flux from glycogen biosynthesis towards fatty acid biosynthesis in a glycogen synthase deletion strain (Δgsy‐1). Furthermore, combining Δgsy‐1 with an enhanced TAG biosynthetic strain (acyl‐Coenzyme A synthase; Δacs‐3) of N. crassa yielded a twofold increase in total fatty acid accumulation over the control strain. The cellulose degrading potential of this double deletion strain was improved by deleting of the carbon catabolite regulation transcription factor (Δcre‐1) to create the triple deletion strain Δacs‐3 Δcre‐1; Δgsy‐1. This strain exhibited early and increased cellulase expression, as well as fourfold increased total fatty acid accumulation over the control on inhibitor‐free model cellulose medium. The Δcre‐1 mutation, however, was not beneficial for total fatty acid accumulation from pretreated lignocellulose. Conversion of dilute‐acid pretreated Miscanthus to TAG was maximum in the constructed strain Δacs‐3; Δgsy‐1, which accumulated 2.3‐fold more total fatty acid than the wild‐type control strain, corresponding to a total fatty acid yield of 37.9 mg/g dry untreated Miscanthus. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1097–1107. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acrolein Oxidation to Acrylic Acid on Mo/V/W‐Mixed Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Drochner Alfons , Kampe Philip , Menning Nadine , Blickhan Nina , Jekewitz Tim , Vogel Herbert 
Published: February 2014

AbstractOxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid on Mo/V/W‐mixed oxide catalysts has been studied by means of the isotopic exchange method steady‐state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA). As a result of these isotopic exchanges performed with 16O2 and 18O2, some new mechanistic details could be obtained. Acrolein exchanges its oxygen with oxygen of the mixed oxide catalyst. Additionally, the kinetics of the different isotopologues is significantly influenced by oxygen exchange reactions between the surface and the bulk sites. From the SSITKA results, an extended reaction model has been deduced. Thus, the experimentally gained data of the individual isotopologue kinetics could be verified by modeling.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Hydrolysis Preparation for Novel Bi‐Based Oxysalts Photocatalyst Bi6O5(OH)3 (NO3)5·3H2O with High Photocatalytic Activity.
Authors: He Ying , Zhang Yihe , Huang Hongwei , Tian Na , Luo Yi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe title compound is prepared from aqueous Bi(NO3)3·5H2O solutions by sonication for 2 min and further magnetic stirring for 2 h at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion‐Exchange Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Physical Properties of Hydrogen Titanium Oxide H2Ti3O7.
Authors: Kataoka Kunimitsu , Kijima Norihito , Akimoto Junji 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized from Na2Ti3O7 by Na+/H+ ion exchange in HCl solution at 333 K for 5 d.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mixed‐Addenda Nb/W Polyoxometalate Containing Dimeric Dawson Subunit: Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization.
Authors: Ren Yuanhang , Hu Yichen , Kong Zuping , Gu Min , Yue Bin , He Heyong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractK4Na4 [H6P2W12Nb4O59 (NbO2)2]2·48H2O is synthesized from an aqueous solution of K12[H2P2W12O48], K7H[Nb6O19], H2O2, and AcOH/AcONa buffer (waterbath, 70 °C, 2 h, 24% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: New Lithium Copper Borates with BO3 Triangles: Li6CuB4O10, Li3CuB3O7, Li8Cu7B14O32, and Li2Cu9B12O28.
Authors: Kuratieva N. V. , Banki M. , Tsirlin A. A. , Eckert J. , Ehrenberg H. , Mikhailova D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe new compounds Li3CuB3O7 (I), Li2Cu9B12O28 (II), and Li8Cu7B14O32 (III) as well as a new polymorph of Li6CuB4O10 (IV) are identified by single crystal XRD after annealing of several compositions of the Li2O—CuO—B2O3 system at 1273 K in air.