bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term results of radical cystectomy and role of adjuvant chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Kaushik Dharam , Frank Igor , Boorjian Stephen A , Cheville John C , Eisenberg Manuel S , Thapa Prabin , Tarrell Robert F , Thompson R Houston 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo review our experience with radical cystectomy for small cell carcinoma of the bladder, to compare outcomes with a cohort of patients with urothelial carcinoma, and to determine the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy and pathology re‐review in this setting.MethodsAmong 2427 patients who underwent radical cystectomy, 68 patients had small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Patients with small cell carcinoma of the bladder were compared with an unmatched cohort of 1146 patients with urothelial carcinoma, and were then matched (1:2) based on TNM stage. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox models were used to evaluate association of clinicopathological features with outcome.ResultsAmong the 68 small cell carcinoma of the bladder patients, 37 (54%) were found to have small cell carcinoma of the bladder only after pathology re‐review. Patients with small cell carcinoma of the bladder had a higher rate of advanced (pT3/4) tumor stage (84% vs 46%; P < 0.0001) and pN+ disease (37% vs 20%; P = 0.001) compared with patients with urothelial carcinoma. When matched for stage and lymph node status, no significant difference in 5‐year cancer‐specific survival was observed between the two groups (27% vs 29%; P = 0.64). Among small cell carcinoma of the bladder patients, those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had improved 5‐year overall survival compared with patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (43% vs 20%; P = 0.03), and a trend toward superior cancer‐specific survival (40% vs 23%; P = 0.07).ConclusionsSmall cell carcinoma of the bladder is often an unrecognized pathological entity, which is associated with a higher rate of locally advanced and N+ disease. However, although when matched for pathological features, survival outcomes appear similar to urothelial carcinoma. Small cell carcinoma of the bladder patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had improved overall survival and cancer‐specific survival, and these results require further investigation.
Implementing evidence‐based patient and family education on oral anticoagulation therapy: a community‐based participatory project
Authors: Shaha Maya , Wüthrich Erika , Stauffer Yvonne , Herczeg Franziska , Fattinger Karin , Hirter Kathrin , Papalini Marianne , Herrmann Luzia 
Published: March 2015

Aims and objectivesThis study aimed at developing and implementing evidence‐based patient and family education on oral anticoagulation therapy.BackgroundThe number of persons with chronic diseases who live at home is increasing. They have to manage multiple diseases and complex treatments. One such treatment is oral anticoagulation therapy, a high risk variable dose medication. Adherence to oral anticoagulation therapy is jeopardised by limited information about the medications, their risk and complications, the impact of individual daily routine and the limited inclusion of family members in education. Hence, improved and tailored education is essential for patients and families to manage oral anticoagulation therapy at home.Design and methodsA community‐based participatory research design combined with the Precede‐Proceed model was used including a systematic literature review, posteducation analysis, an online nurse survey, a documentation analysis and patient/family interviews. The study was conducted between April 2010–December 2012 at a department of general internal medicine in a teaching hospital in Switzerland. Participants were the department's nursing and medical professionals including the patients and their families.ResultsThe evidence‐based patient and family education on oral anticoagulation therapy emerged comprising a learning assessment, teaching units, clarification of responsibilities of nurse professionals and documentation guidelines.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe inclusion of the whole department has contributed to the development and implementation of this evidence‐based patient family education on oral anticoagulation therapy, which encompasses local characteristics and patient preferences. This education is now being used throughout the department.
Chelyabinsk, Zond IV, and a possible first‐century fireball of historical importance
Authors: Hartmann William K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe well‐recorded Chelyabinsk event, the Tunguska event, and the re‐entry of the Zond IV vehicle offer opportunities to compare reactions of modern eyewitnesses to eyewitness accounts of possible ancient fireball events. The first‐century book, Acts of the Apostles, gives three separate descriptions of a bright light “from heaven,” which occurred probably in the 30s (C.E.) near Damascus, Syria. The details offer a strikingly good match to a Chelyabinsk‐class or Tunguska‐class fireball. Among the most impressive, unexpected consistencies with modern knowledge is the first‐century description of symptoms of temporary blindness caused by exposure to intense radiation, matching a condition now known as photokeratitis. An analysis of the re‐entry of debris from the Russian Zond IV over the eastern United States in 1968 shows how actual perceived phenomena in an unfamiliar natural celestial apparition are often conceived by the observer in terms of current cultural conceptions, and it is suggested that this happened also in the first‐century case.
Early‐onset axonal pathology in a novel P301S‐Tau transgenic mouse model of frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: van Eersel Janet , Stevens Claire H. , Przybyla Magdalena , Gladbach Amadeus , Stefanoska Kristie , Chan Chesed Kai‐Xin , Ong Wei‐Yi , Hodges John R. , Sutherland Greg T. , Kril Jillian J. , Abramowski Dorothee , Staufenbiel Matthias , Halliday Glenda M. , Ittner Lars M. 
Published: March 2015

AimTau becomes hyperphosphorylated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD‐tau), resulting in functional deficits of neurones, neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation and eventually dementia. Expression of mutant human tau in the brains of transgenic mice has produced different lines that recapitulate various aspects of FTLD‐tau and AD. In this study, we characterized the novel P301S mutant tau transgenic mouse line, TAU58/2.MethodsBoth young and aged TAU58/2 mice underwent extensive motor testing, after which brain tissue was analysed with immunohistochemistry, silver staining, electron microscopy and Western blotting. Tissue from various FTLD subtypes and AD patients was also analysed for comparison.ResultsTAU58/2 mice presented with early‐onset motor deficits, which became more pronounced with age. Throughout the brains of these mice, tau was progressively hyperphosphorylated resulting in increased NFT formation with age. In addition, frequent axonal swellings that stained intensively for neurofilament (NF) were present in young TAU58/2 mice prior to NFT formation. Similar axonal pathology was also observed in human FTLD‐tau and AD. Interestingly, activated microglia were found in close proximity to neurones harbouring transgenic tau, but were not associated with NF‐positive axonal swellings.ConclusionsIn TAU58/2 mice, early tau pathology induces functional deficits of neurones associated with NF pathology. This appears to be specific to tau, as similar changes are observed in FTLD‐tau, but not in FTLD with TDP‐43 inclusions. Therefore, TAU58/2 mice recapitulate aspects of human FTLD‐tau and AD pathology, and will become instrumental in studying disease mechanisms and therapeutics in the future.
AtLa1 protein initiates IRES‐dependent translation of WUSCHEL mRNA and regulates the stem cell homeostasis of Arabidopsis in response to environmental hazards
Authors: Cui Yuchao , Rao Shaofei , Chang Beibei , Wang Xiaoshuang , Zhang Kaidian , Hou Xueliang , Zhu Xueyi , Wu Haijun , Tian Zhaoxia , Zhao Zhong , Yang Chengwei , Huang Tao 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPlant stem cells are hypersensitive to environmental hazards throughout their life cycle, but the mechanism by which plants safeguard stem cell homeostasis in response to environmental hazards is largely unknown. The homeodomain transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS) protein maintains the stem cell pool in the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis. Here, we demonstrate that the translation of WUS mRNA is directed by an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) located in the 5′‐untranslated region. The AtLa1 protein, an RNA‐binding factor, binds to the 5′‐untranslated region and initiates the IRES‐dependent translation of WUS mRNA. Knockdown of AtLa1 expression represses the WUS IRES‐dependent translation and leads to the arrest of growth and development. The AtLa1 protein is mainly located in the nucleoplasm. However, environmental hazards promote the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic translocation of the AtLa1 protein, which further enhances the IRES‐dependent translation of WUS mRNA. Genetic evidence indicates that the WUS protein increases the tolerance of the shoot apical meristem to environmental hazards. Based on these results, we conclude that the stem cell niche in Arabidopsis copes with environmental hazards by enhancing the IRES‐dependent translation of WUS mRNA under the control of the AtLa1 protein.
The impact of donor age and sex on the nucleated cell count and CD34 count in healthy bone marrow donors
Authors: Unal Ince Elif , Ileri Talia , Dogu Figen , Ates Can , Cakmakli Hasan , Dalva Klara , Ikinciogullari Aydan , Uysal Zumrut , Ertem Mehmet 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBM remains an important source of stem cells. The BM characteristics change with age but the estimation of CD34 calculation of one CD34+ cell per 100 nucleated cells is used for all donors including pediatric donors in the operating room before getting the actual CD34 count. In order to see whether this formula is applicable for pediatric donors, we designed a retrospective study to see the affect of the age and sex on the BM NCC, CD34 count, and CD34/NCC ratios. Ninety‐eight BM collections from 91 related donors were evaluated retrospectively (median age: nine yr [1.5–54 yr]; M/F: 41/50). A significant negative correlation was found between the donor age and NCC (r = −0.229, p < 0.05), CD34 count (r = −0.563, p < 0.01), and CD34/NCC (r = −0.664, p < 0.01). The negative correlation for CD34 count and CD34/NCC persisted in female and male donor groups. When donors younger than 16 yr of age were compared with the older donor group, the median NCC, median CD34 count, and CD34/NCC were significantly lower in the older group (p < 0.01). Age and sex have to be taken into consideration to avoid unnecessary high‐volume collections and increased operating room time in the younger donors.
Utilization of PARAFAC‐Modeled Excitation‐Emission Matrix (EEM) Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Identify Biogeochemical Processing of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Northern Peatland
Authors: Tfaily Malak M. , Corbett Jane E. , Wilson Rachel , Chanton Jeffrey P. , Glaser Paul H. , Cawley Kaelin M. , Jaffé Rudolf , Cooper William T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this study, we contrast the fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in fens and bogs in a Northern Minnesota peatland using excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy with parallel factor analysis (EEM‐PARAFAC). EEM‐PARAFAC identified four humic‐like components and one protein‐like component and the dynamics of each were evaluated based on their distribution with depth as well as across sites differing in hydrology and major biological species. The PARAFAC‐EEM experiments were supported by dissolved organic carbon measurements (DOC), optical spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), and compositional characterization by ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy (FT‐ICR MS). The FT‐ICR MS data indicate that metabolism in peatlands reduces the molecular weights of individual components of DOM, and oxygen‐rich less aromatic molecules are selectively biodegraded. Our data suggest that different hydrologic and biological conditions within the larger peat ecosystem drive molecular changes in DOM, resulting in distinctly different chemical compositions and unique fluorescent fingerprints. PARAFAC modeling of EEM data coupled with ultrahigh resolution FT‐ICR MS has the potential to provide significant molecular‐based information on DOM composition that will support efforts to better understand the composition, sources, and diagenetic status of DOM from different terrestrial and aquatic systems.
Placental Abruption and Subsequent Risk of Pre‐eclampsia: A Population‐Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Parker Samantha E. , Werler Martha M. , Gissler Mika , Tikkanen Minna , Ananth Cande V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundPre‐eclampsia and placental abruption may share a common pathophysiologic mechanism, namely, uteroplacental ischaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between placental abruption and risk of pre‐eclampsia in a subsequent pregnancy, and to determine whether the association differs by the gestational age at the time of abruption.MethodsA nested case–control study among multiparous women in the Medical Birth Register of Finland from 1996–2010 was conducted. Cases of pre‐eclampsia (n = 6487) and frequency matched controls (n = 25 948) were linked to the Hospital Discharge Registry to ascertain data on prior abruption. Abruption was categorised as preterm (<37 weeks) or term (≥37 weeks) based on the gestational age at delivery. We fit logistic regression models to evaluate the associations between abruption and the odds of pre‐eclampsia in the subsequent pregnancy before and after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsPreterm abruption was associated with over a twofold increase in risk of pre‐eclampsia [odds ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5, 3.3] in a subsequent pregnancy. In contrast, term abruption was not associated with pre‐eclampsia (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7, 1.7). The association between preterm abruption and pre‐eclampsia was further elevated among women with a history of pre‐eclampsia. Associations with preterm abruption were also strengthened when the outcome was pre‐eclampsia with early delivery (<34 weeks).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that placental abruption in a prior pregnancy is associated with a different risk profile of pre‐eclampsia based on the gestational age of the abruption‐affected pregnancy.
Consumer Culture, Sustainability and a New Vision of Consumer Sovereignty
Authors: Sassatelli Roberta 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe article considers sustainable consumption and alternative food networks in the context of global consumer capitalism as a locus where a new form of consumer sovereignty can be developed. It offers a theoretical overview aimed at charting the emergence and consolidation of a relational, responsible vision of consumer sovereignty. Potentially alternative to neo‐classical and neoliberal views, such a vision of consumers and their power involves both sustainability, equality and democracy, and private happiness, conceived as a form of responsibility for personal, creative well‐being and fulfillment as opposed to acquisition and spending power. Ultimately the article offers a reappraisal of the economistic notion of utility of goods, and proposes a way forward for alternative ways of consuming and of thinking of consumption which aim at avoiding the mere reproduction of charity and at involving individuals' subjectivity working on their capacities to develop new pleasures in sustainable lifestyles.
Assessing the Evidence Base on Health, Employability and the Labour Market – Lessons for Activation in the UK
Authors: Lindsay Colin , Greve Bent , Cabras Ignazio , Ellison Nick , Kellett Steve 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article draws on the research of authors participating in this Special Issue, as well as a broader evidence review on how health, disability, labour market inequalities and other factors contribute to high levels of disability benefit (DB) claiming among certain communities. We argue that the evidence points to a complex combination of factors feeding into high levels of DB claiming in the UK and beyond, namely: geographical concentrations of health problems and disability‐related barriers; gaps in employability and skills; and labour market inequalities that limit the quantity and quality of work opportunities in some regions. The article then provides a comparative, critical commentary on the evolution of activation and welfare reform policies in the UK and (briefly) Denmark – a welfare state that has experienced similarly high levels of DB claiming, but has adopted very different policy responses. Specifically, we discuss the extent to which emerging active labour market policies, occupational health services and changes to the benefit system reflect the evidence on the nature of the barriers faced by people on DBs. The article concludes by identifying recommendations for health, employment and labour market policies.
From Impairment to Incapacity – Educational Inequalities in Disabled People's Ability to Work
Authors: Baumberg Ben 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSignificant numbers of working‐age people in high‐income countries claim benefits due to incapacity. This is conventionally explained as the result of people rationally ‘choosing’ to claim benefits, or as ‘hidden unemployment’ due to a lack of jobs, with claim rates much higher among the low‐qualified. However, neither account considers whether low‐qualified people find it harder to deal with an impairment in the workplace, and are therefore genuinely more incapacitated. This study explores these issues using 32 in‐depth interviews in England in 2009/10. It finds that there are considerable differences in people's ability to respond to impairments, with some – but only some – able to avoid incapacity through workplace flexibility, adjustments, or changing jobs. Better‐educated people had more of these choices, partly because education is associated with job flexibility (which allows people to work around their impairments). Education also played a direct role; it is not just the case that less employable people found it harder to get work (‘hidden unemployment’), but that they found it harder to get suitable work, and were therefore genuinely incapacitated. It was therefore only some lower‐qualified people who were left in a ‘Catch‐22’ situation where they were not fit enough to do jobs they could get, and not employable enough to get jobs they were fit to do. Moreover, there were further inequalities among those with partial fitness‐for‐work limitations, with wealthier people having more choices around ‘struggling on’. The article concludes by drawing together the implications for research and policy.
The Influence of Presenting Health Condition on Eventual Return to Work for Individuals Receiving Health‐Related Welfare Benefits
Authors: Purdie Fiona , Kellett Stephen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThere is currently insufficient research guiding policymakers concerning the influence of the presenting health condition of disability welfare recipients on both their receptivity to health intervention and potential eventual return to work. In the current study, all participants were unemployed and claiming disability welfare, due to either physical (N = 1,463) or mental health conditions (N = 2,352). Intervention consisted of a voluntary and pan‐health condition seven‐session group psycho‐educational programme. Groups aimed to increase health condition management skills to enable return to work and this research therefore provided evidence concerning the effectiveness of a ‘health‐first’ policy approach. Data was routinely gathered as a means of evaluating the effectiveness of the programme. Employment and psychological outcomes were longitudinally tracked at four time points: pre‐intervention, post‐intervention, at short‐term (three months) and long‐term (12–30 months) follow‐up. Results illustrate that at a group level participants with mental health conditions were more likely to return to work in both the short and long term and to achieve a greater degree of psychological change over the course of the intervention. At an individual level, higher rates of physical health participants met the criteria for psychological recovery during the intervention. The results of the study are discussed in terms of methodological concerns, how to maximize employment outcomes for welfare recipients who present with differing health conditions and the associated policy implications.
Comprehensive analysis of polymorphisms in the HLA‐G 5′ upstream regulatory and 3′ untranslated regions in Brazilian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Catamo E. , Addobbati C. , Segat L. , Sotero Fragoso T. , Tavares Dantas A. , de Ataide Mariz H. , Ferreira da Rocha Junior L. , Branco PintoDuarte A. L. , Coelho A. V. C. , de Moura R. R. , Polesello V. , Crovella S. , Sandrin Garcia P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study aims to comprehensively analyze human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐G polymorphisms association with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development and clinical manifestations. The HLA‐G 5′ upstream regulatory region (URR), 3′ untranslated region (UTR) and a cytosine deletion at exon 3 (ΔC, HLA‐G*0105N allele) were analyzed in 114 SLE patients and 128 healthy controls from North East Brazil. The +3003T>C (rs1707) C allele and the HG010101c extended HLA‐G allele were significantly more frequent in SLE patients than healthy controls (+3003C allele frequency: 12% in SLE patients vs 6% in controls; odds ratio (OR), 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–4.28, P = 0.026; HG010101c frequency: 11.8% in SLE patients and 6.3% in controls; OR, 2.14, 95% CI, 1.01–4.51, P = 0.046) and were associated with susceptibility for disease development. Other polymorphisms were associated with different clinical manifestations. Although HLA‐G role in SLE disease is far from being elucidated yet, our association study results along with a systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest that HLA‐G might be able to slightly modulate the complex SLE phenotype (pooled OR, 1.14, 95% CI, 1.02–1.27, P = 0.021).
Tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of a novel benzene‐poly‐carboxylic acids complex with cis‐diammineplatinum (II) dichloride in dogs with malignant mammary tumours
Authors: Kristiansen V. M. , Dewi S. , Horsberg T. E. , Jonasdottir T. J. , Moe L. , Berlinger B. , Lindkær‐Jensen S. , Larsen S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe pharmacokinetic profile, tolerability and efficacy of benzene‐poly‐carboxylic acids complex with cis‐diammineplatinum (II) dichloride (BP‐C1) were studied in dogs with mammary cancer. A three‐level response surface pathway designed trial was performed on seven dogs. At each level BP‐C1 was administered subcutaneously daily for 7 days followed by a 7‐day rest period in a dose escalating manner. Adverse events according to VCOG‐CTCAE, performance status and tumour progression were recorded. The pharmacokinetic profile followed a two‐compartment model with rapid absorption, short distribution, and a slow elimination phase. The overall elimination half‐life was 125 h. The maximum tolerated dose of BP‐C1 was estimated to be above 0.46 mg kg−1. A significant reduction in VCOG‐CTCAE toxicity which correlated negatively with increasing dose was found. The dogs' general performance status remained unchanged. No decrease in total tumour burden was found, although temporary tumour reduction was seen in some target tumours.