bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Online-Implementable Sub-Optimal Energy Management of a Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Dong Jian , Cheng Rui , Dong Zuomin , Crawford Curran 
Published: February 2014

The current focus of HEV controller design is on the development of real-time implementable energy management strategies that can approximate the global optimal solution closely. In this work, the Toyota Prius power-split hybrid powertrain is used as a case study for developing online energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicle.
The power-split hybrid powertrain combines the advantages of both the series and parallel hybrid powertrain and has been appealing to the auto-makers in the past years. The addition of two additional electric machines and a Planetary Gear Sets (PGS) allows more flexibility in terms of control at some cost of complexity.
A forward-looking dynamic model of the power-split powertrain system is developed and implemented in Simulink first. An optimal control problem is formulated, which is further reduced to an optimal control problem with a single-variable objective function and a single-state subject to both dynamic constraint and boundary constraint. The reduced optimal control problem is then solved by an on-line (real-time) implementable approach based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principal (PMP), where the costate p is adapted based on SOC feedback.
Simulation results on standard driving cycles are compared using the proposed optimal control strategy and a rule-based control strategy. The results have shown significant improvement in fuel economy comparing to the baseline vehicle model, and the proposed online (real-time) PMP control algorithm with an adaptive costate p is very close to the optimal PMP solution with a constant costate. The proposed optimal control has a fast computation speed and calculates the optimal decision “dynamically” without the necessity of knowing future driving cycle information and can be practically implemented in real-time.
Design and Development of the Single Motor Propelled Drive-Train (SiMPl-D)
Authors: Mandala Mahender , Pearlman Jonathan , Berner Olof , Kankipati Padmaja , Cooper Rory 
Published: February 2014

Mobile robotic devices and other mobility related drive systems are often relegated to one of the two classes of devices available today: wheeled devices or tracked devices. Wheeled systems are more energy efficient and reliable than tracked systems, but existing designs have drawbacks related to rough-terrain driving and maneuvering in tight spaces.
In this paper we describe the design and development of a drive system named the Single Motor Propelled Drive-train (SiMPl-D), which can potentially improve maneuvering over rough terrain and in tight spaces compared to traditional wheeled robots. SiMPl-D has two prominent features: a single drive motor, which provides both propulsion and turning, and is suspended under the center of mass of the device on a swingarm, which is linked through a suspension system to caster wheels; and it has reconfigurable drive wheel, which changes the turning radius of the device.
Due to these features, SiMPl-D can traverse a wide range of terrain while remaining energy and cost efficient. SiMPl-D has been successfully used in an indoor/outdoor low-cost personal mobility device and is currently being implemented in other robotic mobility applications.
Impact of Gear Bias Control on Vehicle NVH
Authors: Sugyarto Eddy , Takahashi Yuki 
Published: February 2014

This paper is based on Honda product development and maturation related to noise and vibration. During the development, it was discovered that the vibration level of the vehicle did not meet the desired level.
These studies are aimed to reduce the noise and vibration felt in vehicle by improving the powertrain as the main source of the vibration. During the investigation, it was discovered that manufacturing process change from tooth shaving to tooth honing could have significant impact on the final tooth profile that essentially impact the noise and vibration level of the vehicle.
The studies focus on bias control to improve the vibration level. This paper will show complete relationship between actual gear profile, vibration level of unit as powertrain, and finally airborne noise level of the complete vehicle as the final product. The studies resulted in shifting bias control target for the gear tooth profile, which translates to improved noise and vibration level in vehicle.
Functional Modeling of Human Joints: A Feasibility Study for the Knee
Authors: Conconi Michele , Parenti Castelli Vincenzo 
Published: February 2014

Biological tissues are plastic with respect to the mechanical environment to which they are exposed. This makes them able to modify their architecture and inner structure in order to respond to different loading conditions with the smallest biological effort (functional adaptation). As a result, tissues can optimally adapt their structures to the task they have to perform.
Based on these concepts, a kinetic model of the ankle joint has been recently developed. The tibio-talar relative motion was obtained by imposing the congruence maximization as a biological optimum throughout the entire flexion range.
The aim of this work is to investigate the applicability of the proposed approach to the knee and to evaluate the weight of the meniscal contribution to the global femoro-tibial congruence.
A Review of Transient Electrical Upsets in Induction Motors and Their Effects on Centrifugal Compressors
Authors: Moeller Michael , Srinivasan Anand 
Published: February 2014

For several decades in the process industry, critical plant operations demanding continuous run time have used high speed turbocompressors, most commonly driven by induction motors. Transient disturbances, caused by grid and motor-terminal upsets, are common occurrences in three-phase induction motors. Such upsets can arise during start-up as well as steady state operating conditions, and can have an impact on the driven equipment. Common upset conditions include startup line bursts, voltage unbalances, two-phase & three-phase short circuits, and bus-transfers & reclosures. These transient upsets not only impact the motor, but also have a torsional influence on the motor-compressor drive-train. Understanding the significance of these upsets, and how it impacts the driven equipment is thus an important part of machinery design and the component selection process for centrifugal compressors. This paper presents a qualitative approach to analyzing these transient conditions arising from induction motors, and the resulting effects on driven equipment such as centrifugal compressors.
As the compression industry continues to develop into a globally integrated market, it becomes even more important to understand these effects; to ensure that a consistent global strategy exists to control these upsets and to mitigate some of the ill-effects resulting from torsional bursts on the drive train. A review of the current industry standards and mitigation techniques has also been presented.
Development of a Product Information Model to Support Replacement Analysis
Authors: Baysal Mehmet Murat , Roy Utpal 
Published: February 2014

For sustainability of environment, legislations in EU, USA, Japan and Australia require manufacturers to take back their products at the End of Life (EOL) and recycle them. The concept of 6R (reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, redesign and remanufacture) is very important for this issue, while reuse has the highest energy and material recovery efficiency. In this study, an integrated product information model has been developed in UML to provide necessary information for any future decision making activities in the EOL stage, such as the replacement analysis of any used part or subassembly.
This product information model represents not only product structure but its function, behavior, and their associations in different abstract levels to support replacement analysis of an existing component with a new or a used component available to company. This representation schema provides necessary information for any future decision making activities in the EOL stage, such as the replacement or reuse of any part or subassembly. In an analysis of replacement for a faulty component with a used or new component, this model provides all of the associations of the existing artifact with other artifacts and the environment, not just functional and space requirements, and the relevant modification(s) of the associated objects has to be verified.
Digital Origami From Geometrically Frustrated Tiles
Authors: Harnett C. K. , Kimmer C. J. 
Published: February 2014

This paper describes “digital origami” from geometrically frustrated tiles: arrays of structures that cannot attain an energetically favorable flat state because of internal constraints. Each tile can typically snap between two symmetric energy-minimizing states, and neighboring tiles are coupled so that a collection of binary tile states determines the local curvature of the entire sheet. Modular structures like these tiles give great advantages in manufacturing and in predictive simulation, and their discrete nature is a good match for digital readout and control of self-folding systems.
The digital origami concept applies to materials from the nanoscale to the macroscale. An example from previous researchers is a metal sheet with an array of dimples that can flex up or down. In this paper we investigate more general techniques that can develop planar sheets into bistable structures. Such methods include installing compressed pieces into a flat sheet of material, or tying together parts of a sheet (smocking). These methods work with a large variety of technologically important materials including circuit boards and semiconductor substrates.
While there are clear benefits to such structures, significant obstacles to design exist in manufacturing, in evaluating their mechanical properties, and in choosing the best arrangement of tile states to match a desired shape. Determining the optimal flipping order of tile states to change the sheet from one shape to another is a sequencing problem analogous to protein folding, and origami from non-planar surfaces is a little-explored area in the fine arts. The paper discusses algorithms for curve-matching with one-dimensional arrays by error diffusion, and shape prediction for two-dimensional sheets with pre-programmed tile states. Low computational cost is required for creating structures that can predict, detect, and even change their own three-dimensional shapes using low-power onboard microprocessors. Motivators for this challenge include shape measurement over a large size range — for example, detecting the changing shapes of biological microstructures or endowing robots with a spatial sense similar to human proprioception — and self-modeling of structural properties for lightweight morphing structures that can strengthen for impact in a given direction using a limited amount of material.
Teaching Sustainable Design Within a Product Innovation Process in Mexico: Linking Two One-Semester Design Courses
Authors: Borja Vicente , Ávila Cedillo Javier N. , López-Parra Marcelo , Ramírez-Reivich Alejandro C. , Treviño Arizmendi Arturo , Equihua Zamora Luis F. 
Published: February 2014

This paper documents the process, the outcomes and the lessons learned from two design courses aimed at incorporating environmental, economic and social concerns during the product development process. These courses are co-taught by professors of the Engineering and the Industrial Design Schools of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Each course lasts one academic semester and includes engineering graduate and undergraduate students from industrial design and engineering.
The two courses are “New Product Development” (NPD) and “Design for Sustainability” (DS). The NPD course runs in collaboration with the University of California at Berkeley (UCB) and it has been taught at UNAM since 2008. The course fosters the development of product concepts that address particular user needs related to sustainability issues and enhance user’s experience and innovation.
The DS course is aimed at introducing students to the most representative approaches, methodologies and tools related to sustainability. DS takes the NPD process as a background, i.e. takes the NPD product concept produced by students and evaluates its environmental impact, and its technical and economic feasibility. Some issues on entrepreneurship and social responsibility are also covered.
For both courses design projects are paramount. Some of the projects carried out by the students during the courses are proposed by students themselves and some others are put forward by companies.
The first part of this paper includes some background information on representative sustainability courses reported in the literature. Then the complete process model comprised by the NPD and DS courses is presented. Some details of the actual courses contents and lecture activities are also described. Representative projects developed within the courses, one of which is now a startup company, are presented. Finally, insights and lessons learned are discussed.
Particle Swarm Optimization With Crossover and Mutation Operators Using the Diversity Criteria
Authors: Dong Guang , Cooper John 
Published: February 2014

Particle Swarm Optimization is a population based globalized search algorithm that mimics the behavior of swarms. It belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms as widely used stochastic technique in the global optimization field. Since the PSO is population based, it requires no auxiliary information, such as the gradient of the problem.
It is known that each particle in the PSO uses only two pieces of information, called the personal best position and the global best position, to update its moving velocity and position by generations. One disadvantage of this algorithm is that it can be easily trapped into some local optimal solutions because of the premature convergence. This may be an issue when solving complex multi-modal functions with multiple local minimums. Hence, the global optimization algorithm should have the ability to prevent being trapped into local optima by keeping wide search space and maintaining the population diversity. In order to improve the performance of the PSO for complex global optimization problems, this paper introduces both crossover and mutation operators to the basic PSO algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses the mechanism that all the particles in the current iteration will have crossover and mutation operations if the diversity criteria of the particles is reduced to be smaller than a predefined limit value. Therefore, the PSO using both crossover and mutation operators can maintain the diversity of population and enhance the search ability as to get better results while solving complex problems. This study adopts the average distance around the swarm center as the diversity measure, and extends the distance metrics to both L1 norm distance and L∞ norm distance.
To verify the usability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it is applied to 12 widely used nonlinear benchmark functions. These examples show that the proposed PSO with crossover and mutation operators using the diversity criteria has better optimization performance than the basic PSO by maintaining the swarm diversity. Moreover, the PSO using the L1 norm distance diversity gives better results than both L2 and L∞ norm distance for most cases.
The Production Geometric Analysis of the New Type, Spiroid Worm Gear Drive Having Arched Profile
Authors: Dudás Illés , Bodzás Sándor 
Published: February 2014

In the last few decades in Hungary, the Budapest University of Technology and Economics and the University of Miskolc have been intensively focusing on the research field of worm gear drives [2, 5].
Our results at the University of Miskolc have also been published in a book published in the USA as well [2].
A new geometric worm gear drive has been developed, that is the conical worm gear drive having arched profiled in axial section [3].
The aim of our publication is to present the advantages, the geometric questions and the possible application fields of this new type worm gear drive.
Determining Vehicle-Level Specifications for a New Car Program Considering Market Environments and Engineering Design Constraints
Authors: Kang Kilmo , Kang Changmook , Hong Yoo S. 
Published: February 2014

Designing a marketable automobile for target markets is an important challenge in the globalized market environment. What makes the vehicle planning even more challenging includes various factors such as engineering feasibility, change of market environment, enforced regulations, and ongoing advancement of technology. In this circumstance, the complexity of automobile design arises from the fact that both the target market’s customer preferences and engineering characteristics should be taken into account in balanced as well as quantitative manners.
This paper develops a balanced model for determining vehicle-level specifications for a new car program of an automaker considering both the customer preferences on attributes and the engineering characteristics with design constraints. The proposed model takes into account the interrelation of specifications, advancement of technology, vehicle style concepts, and customer preference changes influenced by the fluctuation of market environments. The major vehicle-level specifications of the next-generation automobile model are determined by maximizing the marketability of an auto with meeting the constructed design constraints. The model was validated with the existing mid-size sedans in the U.S. market.
Prediction and Biochemical Demonstration of a Catabolic Pathway for the Osmoprotectant Proline Betaine
Authors: Kumar Ritesh , Zhao Suwen , Vetting Matthew W. , Wood B. McKay , Sakai Ayano , Cho Kyuil , Solbiati José , Almo Steven C. , Sweedler Jonathan V. , Jacobson Matthew P. , Gerlt John A. , Cronan John E. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Through the use of genetic, enzymatic, metabolomic, and structural analyses, we have discovered the catabolic pathway for proline betaine, an osmoprotectant, in
Paracoccus denitrificans
and
Rhodobacter sphaeroides
. Genetic and enzymatic analyses showed that several of the key enzymes of the hydroxyproline betaine degradation pathway also function in proline betaine degradation. Metabolomic analyses detected each of the metabolic intermediates of the pathway. The proline betaine catabolic pathway was repressed by osmotic stress and cold stress, and a regulatory transcription factor was identified. We also report crystal structure complexes of the
P. denitrificans
HpbD hydroxyproline betaine epimerase/proline betaine racemase with
l
-proline betaine and
cis
-hydroxyproline betaine.

IMPORTANCE
At least half of the extant protein annotations are incorrect, and the errors propagate as the number of genome sequences increases exponentially. A large-scale, multidisciplinary sequence- and structure-based strategy for functional assignment of bacterial enzymes of unknown function has demonstrated the pathway for catabolism of the osmoprotectant proline betaine.
The SMC Complex MukBEF Recruits Topoisomerase IV to the Origin of Replication Region in Live Escherichia coli
Authors: Nicolas Emilien , Upton Amy L. , Uphoff Stephan , Henry Olivia , Badrinarayanan Anjana , Sherratt David 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTTheEscherichia colistructuralmaintenance ofchromosome (SMC) complex, MukBEF, and topoisomerase IV (TopoIV) interactin vitrothrough a direct contact between the MukB dimerization hinge and the C-terminal domain of ParC, the catalytic subunit of TopoIV. The interaction stimulates catalysis by TopoIVin vitro. Using live-cell quantitative imaging, we show that MukBEF directs TopoIV toori, with fluorescent fusions of ParC and ParE both forming cellular foci that colocalize with those formed by MukBEF throughout the cell cycle and in cells unable to initiate DNA replication. Removal of MukBEF leads to loss of fluorescent ParC/ParE foci. In the absence of functional TopoIV, MukBEF forms multiple foci that are distributed uniformly throughout the nucleoid, whereas multiple catenatedoris cluster at midcell. Once functional TopoIV is restored, the decatenatedoris segregate to positions that are largely coincident with the MukBEF foci, thereby providing support for a mechanism by which MukBEF acts in chromosome segregation by positioning newly replicated and decatenatedoris. Additional evidence for such a mechanism comes from the observation that in TopoIV-positive (TopoIV+) cells, newly replicatedoris segregate rapidly to the positions of MukBEF foci. Taken together, the data implicate MukBEF as a key component of the DNA segregation process by acting in concert with TopoIV to promote decatenation and positioning of newly replicatedoris.IMPORTANCEMechanistic understanding of how newly replicated bacterial chromosomes are segregated prior to cell division is incomplete. In this work, we providein vivoexperimental support for the view that topoisomerase IV (TopoIV), which decatenates newly replicated sister duplexes as a prelude to successful segregation, is directed to the replication origin region of theEscherichia colichromosome by the SMC (structuralmaintenance ofchromosome) complex, MukBEF. We providein vivodata that support the demonstrationin vitrothat the MukB interaction with TopoIV stimulates catalysis by TopoIV. Finally, we show that MukBEF directs the normal positioning of sister origins after their replication and during their segregation. Overall, the data support models in which the coordinate and sequential action of TopoIV and MukBEF plays an important role during bacterial chromosome segregation.