bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rotary self-sensing magnetorheological damper based on triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Zhao Shiyu , Hu Rongchang , Han Guanghui , Deng Huaxia , Ma Mengchao , Zhong Xiang , Gong Xinglong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A rotary self-sensing magnetorheological (MR) damper(RSMRD) based on a triboelectric nanogenerator is proposed in this study, which can provide variable torque and state self-sensing without a power supply. Compared with traditional self-sensing devices, the sensing part of RSMRD has the advantages of small size, no external power supply, and good low-frequency response. The feasibility of the angular velocity self-sensing (AVS) function is verified through theoretical derivation and experimental verification. The experimental results demonstrate a linear relationship between the output voltage generated by the AVS component and the rotational speed of the rotating shaft. Additionally, the torque characteristics of the rotary self-sensing MR damper are tested, revealing a torque generation of approximately 9.26 N

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m at a current of 1.6 A. Furthermore, a fuzzy control algorithm for vehicle braking is proposed, based on the model parameters of RSMRD. The simulink software is used to establish a dynamic model of 1/4 car braking, with an initial braking speed of 15 m s−1. The results indicate that the vehicle comes to a complete stop after 1.64 s, with a braking distance of 10.93 m. Throughout the braking process, the vehicle slip rate remains close to the optimal slip rate of 0.2.
Dynamic soil-structure interaction of a continuous railway bridge
Authors: Tehrani Seyed Amin Hosseini , Andersson Andreas , Zangeneh Abbas , Battini Jean-Marc 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an efficient 2D beam model of a continuous single-track concrete slab bridge considering the effect of surrounding soil conditions at the location of the retaining walls. A 3D model is used to investigate the backfill soil’s added flexibility for different soil properties. It is shown that for the first bending mode, the additional dynamic stiffness of the backfill soil can be modeled using equivalent vertical and rotational springs. Various experimental tests have been performed on the studied railway bridge, including forced vibration tests and train passage loadings. Good agreement is found between the 2D model and the experimental data. It is shown that removing the soil causes both a shift in the structure’s natural frequencies (and their corresponding resonant speed) and a substantial increase in acceleration amplitude. This may give the impression that the bridge is not suitable for highspeed train passage. It is also shown that the bridge’s response to train passage is mainly governed by the first bending mode.
Higher-order moment stability of large wind turbine blades under stochastic perturbations
Authors: Caracoglia Luca 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The current trend in offshore wind energy is to design and install systems with larger swept areas that yield unprecedented efficiency. Long and slender blades are needed to achieve this objective. As a result of aerodynamic and structural tailoring, slender blades are particularly susceptible to various dynamic instability phenomena during standard operations. One of these phenomena is the bending-torsion flutter that may lead either to structural failure or system breakdown. The research author has been examining blade flutter under the influence of stochastic perturbations, which include both flow turbulence and aeroelastic load variability.
A reduced-order Markov model has been used to describe the effects of the various random perturbations. Mean-square stability has been recently explored; results suggest that perturbations may negatively impact the flutter angular speed and increase the risk of failure.
In this study the model is employed to investigate moment stability beyond mean squares, observing that dynamic instability involves nonlinear propagation of the perturbations and may exhibit amplitude dependency. Third-order instability is investigated and compared against previous numerical results. The NREL 5MW reference wind turbine blade is used as a benchmark example.
A robust estimation of the response of floating wind turbines through piecewise linearization
Authors: Meng J , Mostert W , Chatzis M N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Floating wind turbines (FWT) enable access to substantial wind resources in deep waters. They are hence anticipated to contribute significantly to the carbon-neutral target. Popular simulation tools for this relatively new offshore technology adopt the linear potential flow theory borrowed from the offshore oil and gas industry to evaluate the hydrodynamic forces, which are calculated around the equilibrium position of the platform. However, the compliance of the floating platform can potentially lead to large motions under combined wind and wave actions. To address this issue, the present work proposes a new piecewise linearization approach that can capture the nonlinearity by re-linearizing the wave-platform interaction system at instantaneous platform positions (operating points). A state-basis transformation algorithm is developed to ensure that the consistent physical basis is used across all operating points when calculating the fluid radiation force using the state-space representation. This new approach is implemented in a FWT Simulink model, and an open-source boundary element method code, Nemoh, is used to calculate the hydrodynamic force for the linearized wave-platform system at each operating point. Free vibration tests of a 5-MW ITIBarge FWT are examined to demonstrate the effectiveness of the piecewise linearization approach. The results obtained by this new approach are compared to the common practice of linearizing around the equilibrium, and the new approach is found to be able to conduct a fast and robust evaluation of the nonlinear hydrodynamics for FWTs.
A Multiaxial Test Framework for the Evaluation of Human Gait-Induced Loads on Lateral Harmonic Surfaces
Authors: Castillo Bryan , Thomson Peter , Marulanda Johannio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The introduction of increasingly resistant and light-weight materials in the construction industry, coupled with the hypothesis of a global regeneration of urban structures with higher technical and aesthetic requirements, has resulted in civil structures such as bleachers, stairs, slabs, and foot-bridge being vulnerable to excessive vibrations due to dynamic loads, especially human-induced loads. These loads present adaptive phenomena due to structural vibrations generated by the coupling effects of Human-Structure Interaction (HSI). Two main aspects are considered in the effects of HSI: the change in dynamic properties of the structure due to the additional presence of non-stationary mass, and the degree of coupling between people in transit, as well as between them and the structure. Therefore, this paper focuses on the study of the last aspect considered through the development of a Dynamic Platform, the Human-Structure Interaction Multiaxial Test Framework (HSI-MTF), to acquire three-dimensional loads induced by human gait under the effects of lateral harmonic motions. An experimental campaign was conducted with a test subject to evaluate gait loads under lateral sinusoidal movements and on rigid surface. The lateral loads, and frequency content induced by the human gait during the HSI-MTF lateral surface displacement protocols were analyzed.
Engineering methodology to assess the seismic out-of-plane response of two-way spanning unreinforced masonry walls with multiple openings
Authors: Toshniwal S , Sluijs J , Meijers S J H , Sharma S , Messali F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Unreinforced masonry buildings show high vulnerability to seismic loading, especially in the out-of-plane direction. Two-way spanning walls are characterized by effective restraints at at least one lateral side of the wall. Their seismic performance under out-of-plane loading has been studied in the literature for walls without openings or with one opening, but it lacks understanding in case of multiple openings. This study presents an engineering approach to calculate the out-of-plane capacity of two-way spanning walls with two openings. Five wall configurations were analysed via non-linear pushover analyses, and crack-pattern evolution tracked. A methodology was proposed which involves dividing the wall into panels whose performance is assessed separately. The division is based on the crack propagation observed in the numerical simulations. Two panels are defined as the wall portions comprised between a side support and an opening which are classified and analysed as three-sided supported walls. Another component corresponds to the wall portion between the two openings and is analysed as a one-way spanning wall. The assessment of the individual panels is based on formulations provided in the Dutch guidelines NPR-9998:2020 which show that the one-way spanning wall panel is the governing one, which is further proved by the analytical calculations.
Analysis and Optimization of a Hybrid Testing Methodology Using a Small-Scale Set-up
Authors: van Vugt G. , Henriques J. , Vandoren B. , Degée H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hybrid testing provides an efficient and less costly way to explore the response of structural systems to realistic dynamic or seismic loading. However, the required equipment to execute hybrid tests are high-cost tools. To get insight in the hybrid testing methodology, a small-scale set-up has been developed in this project.
An Arduino UNO controls the system that imposes the displacement to a linear actuator. Connecting the small-scale set-up, i.e., the Arduino UNO, to MATLAB allows imposing a time history to the physical substructure. A load cell measures the restoring force which will be communicated to MATLAB by the Arduino UNO. Numerical integration based on the Gravouil-Combescure scheme with Classic Lagrange Multipliers (CLM) determines the displacement for the next time step.
This paper describes hot spots of the methodology and the results of a demonstrative experimental test. The experiment consists of a 4 degree of freedom (DOF) numerical model combined with a 1 DOF physical specimen. The installed linear actuator only has one gearing option, which leads to a possible overshooting loop.
Interesting conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the small-scale set-up in view of its future upscaling and implementation of the hybrid test method at laboratory scale. Firstly, the linear actuator requires a non-negligible amount of time to reach the imposed displacement which imposes boundary conditions in the MATLAB directives. Secondly, a velocity-controlled actuator is essential in the exploitation of hybrid testing. Thirdly, the displacement tolerance influences the stability of the system. If one increases the displacement tolerance, the risk of an overshooting loop decreases. However, the accuracy might be influenced. Good balance must therefore be found between stability and accuracy.
Physics-based and data-driven modeling of the parameter-varying vibration dynamics of a simplified gantry manipulator
Authors: Mikkelsen Jens Kristian , Avendaño-Valencia Luis David , Schlette Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The work of this conference paper considers a simplified cartesian manipulator of a gantry robot set up as a pinned-pinned Euler-Bernoulli beam with the purpose of analysing the structural dynamics when subjected to a moving load/cart and a surface roughness. A physics-based beam-cart model is created utilising principles of physical domain substructuring methods to create coupled system matrices for modal analysis purposes. Here, the frozen modal properties as well as frequency response functions are calculated and used in a time simulation of the induced vertical vibrations when the cart traverses the beam. The simulated time signal of the physics-based model is extracted and used for further data-driven system identification. Here, the Linear Parameter-Varying Auto Regressive model is used with a Maximum Likelihood estimator as well as a Bayesian non-linear regression estimator to calculate the frozen power spectral density and natural frequencies. Furthermore, the two estimators are compared where they demonstrate similar predictive performance whereas the Bayesian estimator yields lower standard deviation of the calculated parameters.
Non-linear dynamic analysis of Collapsed grandstand
Authors: Xu T , Meijers W , Meijers SJH , Verlinde R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
On the 17th of October 2021 a grandstand of the Goffert stadium partially collapsed while a crowd was jumping on it. It was concluded that the main reason of the collapse was that the load of a jumping crowd exceeded the design load of 4 kN/m2, as specified in the NEN 6702. The load also exceeds the current design load of 5 kN/m2 NEN-EN 1991-1-1. A geometrically and physically non-linear finite element (FEM) model was used to obtain the backbone curve of the response of the grandstand. The push-down analysis was force-controlled to allow the grandstand to rotate and deform freely, so that the failure mechanism could develop freely. The jumping load was modelled with a Fourier series based on the contact ratio, the coordination, and the weight of the crowd. These three parameters were estimated with video footage of the collapse. The mass of the people was roughly 3.5 kN/m2. An equivalent SDOF system was set up based on analytical formulae and the backbone curve. With this model the non-linear dynamic behaviour of the grandstand was assessed. Failure was found with the estimated jumping load after roughly the same number of jumps as was seen on video.
Design and experimental verification of an extended KDamper - based vibration absorber
Authors: Mantakas A , Chondrogiannis K A , Kalderon M , Kapasakalis K , Chatzi E , Sapountzakis E J , Antoniadis I A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recently, researchers have proposed an innovative negative stiffness-based vibration control concept, namely the KDamper absorber. The envisaged mechanism comprises a combination of appropriate stiffness, damping and mass elements, including a negative stiffness element. Previous studies have formulated the mathematical framework of the system, as well as design and optimization algorithms. These take into consideration the application of interest and geometrical and manufacturing limitations, regarding the vibration control components, including the realization of the negative stiffness mechanics. The KDamper has been numerically and analytically implemented as a vibration control concept for seismic protection of bridges, buildings as well as wind turbines and noise mitigation panels, while results indicated its beneficial effect towards vibration attenuation. For the first time, an experimental set-up of the proposed mechanism is designed by adopting an optimization procedure and tested under horizontal harmonic and seismic shaking. Results highlight the vibration control properties of the proposed system and validate previous numerical and analytical studies. The experimental device serves as a proof of concept of the KDamper absorber and showcases its advantages as well as application limitations that should be considered in future research.
Wave propagation in a honeycomb sandwich panel of variable thickness: model and characterisation of the Black Hole Acoustic effect
Authors: Besse Alex , O’Donoughue Patrick , Aklouche Omar , Ablitzer Frédéric , Pelat Adrien , Gautier François 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An Acoustic Black Hole (ABH) is a scatterer, embedded in a panel, allowing passive vibration control without adding mass. In practice, it is achieved by means of a local reduction in thickness (axisymmetric pit with a parabolic profile) and the addition of a thin viscoelastic coating in a central region of uniform thickness (plateau). The vibration absorption induced by the ABH, allows the design of stiff, light and non-resonant panels. In this paper, we propose to study this effect for a three-layer sandwich panel (glass fiber skin/honeycomb core/glass fiber skin), which gives rise to both bending and shear effects. The equations of motion of the thick, symmetrical sandwich panel with variable characteristics is obtained within the framework of the zig-zag theory by applying Hamilton’s principle. These equations lead to a sixth-order analytical model, allowing the dispersion curves to be obtained, and then an analytical model of the scatterer inserted in an infinite panel. The analysis of the local modes of the scatterer allows the evaluation of its absorption; the interpretation of the ABH effect is carried out using its scattering matrix. The model allows in particular the analysis of the effect of shear on the ABH effect. Experimental tests, based on vibrational maps obtained by vibrometry, are used to discuss and validate the predictions.
Detection of crack bar deterioration at offshore wind turbine supports using generative adversarial networks and autoencoders
Authors: Prieto-Galarza Ricardo , Tutivén Christian , Vidal Yolanda 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This work focuses on the structural health monitoring of jacket-type foundations used by offshore wind turbines. A vibration-only response mechanism based on accelerometer data is specifically suggested. This work, based on an anomaly detection model, has developed a methodology to detect crack bar deterioration in the wind turbine jacket consisting of two training phases with only healthy data: training of a generative adversarial network (GAN), and encoder training of an autoencoder based on the GAN model that has already been learned. A generator and a critic may be obtained through the GAN network training process. This model is used to train an encoder that allows the mapping of healthy samples to a latent vector. Following encoder training, the encoder places the data at points in latent space that correspond to the input data’s healthy state. The mapping of the input sample space to the latent space through the encoder and the subsequent mapping of the latent space to the initial space through the generator should closely resemble the input sample in the event of a healthy input. However, when damage-state input samples are used, the model output does not resemble the input. The reconstruction error and a comparison of the residual error of the critic properties are the final two loss functions used for the identification of anomalies. The proposed strategy has been tested through laboratory experiments on a down-scaled model.
Vibration-based system identification of a large steel box girder bridge
Authors: Schneider R , Simon P , Hille F , Herrmann R , Baeßler M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) collaborates with TNO to develop a software framework for automated calibration of structural models based on monitoring data. The ultimate goal is to include such models in the asset management process of engineering structures. As a basis for developing the framework, a multi-span road bridge consisting of ten simply supported steel box girders was selected as a test case. Our group measured output-only vibration data from one box girder under ambient conditions. From the data, we determined eigenfrequencies and mode shapes. In parallel, we developed a preliminary structural model of the box girder for the purpose of predicting its modal properties. In this contribution, we provide an overview of the measurement campaign, the operational modal analysis, the structural modeling and qualitatively compare the identified with the predicted modes. As an outlook, we discuss the further steps in the calibration process and future applications of the calibrated model.
Dynamic identification of a masonry structure through a MEMS based monitoring system
Authors: Scocciolini D , Romanazzi A , Virgulto G , Parisi E , Barchi F , Acquaviva A , Savoia M , Buratti N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The number of applications of structural health monitoring techniques to buildings is steadily increasing, fostered by the diffusion of low-cost accelerometric sensors based on MEMS. In many cases, these sensors may represent an alternative to more expensive transducers, such as piezoelectric accelerometers, even if they typically have lower signal-to-noise ratios. Their higher noise levels may limit the capacity to identify modal parameters of structures when small amplitude vibrations are recorded. The present paper presents the results of an experimental campaign in which two SHM systems were installed on a masonry building built at the CIRI Buildings and construction Laboratory of the The University of Bologna, recording accelerations for more than six months. One system was based on uniaxial piezoelectric accelerometers, and the other on triaxial MEMS. The data recorded by the two systems were used as input for output-only structural identification algorithms. Using the results obtained from the piezoelectric accelerometers as the reference, the capacity to identify the modal features of the building from the MEMS data is analysed.
A Highly Stretchable Strain-based Sensing Sheet for the Integrated Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Hui , Beskhyroun Sherif 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, a flexible strain sensing system that can be applied to full-scale reinforced concrete frame structures is presented. In order to fulfil the criteria for strain detection that are posed by various structural components, the flexible strain gauge is offered in two distinct configurations: one full bridge and one double half bridge. A strain configuration selector is built on the basis of this information. The selector is designed to enable the system to flexibly switch strain modes for measuring axial or bending strain without adjusting the installation location of strain sensors. The first section of this study focuses mostly on elaborating on the methodology behind the development of a flexible strain system. This method was primarily designed with the aim of detecting the abnormalities in the strain field that are brought on by structural damage in order to accomplish the goal of local detection. The creation of a strain configuration selector also enables the conversion between two different strain measures whenever it is necessary without requiring the sensor installation to be moved to a new position, which helps to significantly reduce the amount of cost associated with sensor deployment. The performance of the flexible strain sensing system as well as its sensitivity were evaluated by doing the cyclic load testing on a full-scale RC frame. Both half-bridge and full-bridge strain gauges are installed in the critical components, such as beams and columns. In addition, 14 linear variable displacement transducers (LVDTS) were placed on the RC frame in order to monitor variations in displacement and deformation. The findings of the experiments indicate that the flexible strain sensor exhibits a high degree of sensitivity, and it is therefore suitable for integration into a structural health monitoring (SHM) system for the purpose of tracing the strain caused by localised structural damage. Additionally, it is able to monitor the strain trend on the complete scale of the frame model. In future work, the flexible strain system will be modified and enhanced by using wireless technology for data transmission in order to build a wirelessly integrated structural health monitoring (SHM) system.