bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Quinidine Levels after Chronic Administration of Four Different Quinidine Formulations
Authors: Soeterboek A M , Van Thiel M 
Published: September 2014

The serum levels produced by four different quinidine formulations have been studied. The relative bioavailability of the formulations was demonstrated as were the mean peak serum levels and their timing in relation to dosage. From the data obtained, the biological half-lives were measured and the apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance were calculated for each formulation. The generic tablets of quinidine monosulphate from five different manufacturers were not significantly different from each other in any respect and produced the expected peak and trough serum level curves. The serum level curves resulting from administration of quinidine polygalacturonate (Cardioquin®) were not significantly different from those resulting from the generic tablets, and this formulation may be regarded as therapeutically equivalent to the generic formulations. Both sustained-release formulations of quinidine bisulphate, Durettes® and Kiditard® (given at the same dosage) were shown to offer a means whereby, with simple twice-daily dosage, quinidine maintenance treatment may be continued with the confidence that the serum levels may be maintained throughout each 24-hour period without peaks into the toxic levels and troughs into the levels of no effect.
Systemic and Coronary Haemodynamic Effects of the New Hypotensive Drug L 6150
Authors: Maseri Attilio , Pesola Antonio , L'Abbate Antonio , Contini Carlo , Magini Glauco 
Published: September 2014

The acute systemic and coronary haemodynamic effects of a new hypotensive drug L 6150 (3-hydrazino-6-[N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]pyridazine) have been studied in six patients with renal or essential hypertension. The drug, administered intravenously at a dose of 2-9 mg, caused a marked hypotension and increase of cardiac output in five cases. Though left ventricular work was reduced or unchanged after the drug, myocardial blood flow increased markedly, coronary resistance decreased and coronary A-V oxygen difference decreased by about 50% indicating coronary vasodilation. When compared with the available data on the effects of hydrazinophthalazine, L 6150 appeared to have qualitatively similar effects, but a somewhat greater direct coronary vasodilator effect.
Maprotiline (Ludiomil®) in Depression: A Report of a Monitored Release Study of 10,000 Patients in General Practice
Authors: Forrest W A 
Published: September 2014

In a three-week study of 10,000 general practice patients with depressive illness, a single dose of maprotiline 75 mg at night was effective therapy in three-quarters of the patients who completed the study. At this dose the drug was well tolerated, and troublesome side-effects presented in only a small percentage of patients. Drowsiness was the most commonly reported side-effect, and the main reason for withdrawal of treatment. The drug was acceptable to most physicians, and in this study was used in a wide range of patients and over a broad spectrum of depressive illness.
Clinical Pharmacology of Amikacin Sulphate: Blood, Urinary and Tissue Concentrations in the Terminal Stage of Pregnancy
Authors: Flores-Mercado F , García-Mercado J L , Estopier-Jáuregui C , Galindo-Hernández E , Diaz-Gonzalez C 
Published: September 2014

Within a broad programme of research into the pharmacokinetics of various antimicrobials in gynaeco-obstetric patients, with a view to determining its concentrations in the different compartments and reproductive organs, we administered 7·5 mg/kg of amikacin sulphate to eleven women in the terminal stage of pregnancy one hour before collecting the specimens studies. The concentration in the maternal blood and urine was similar to that obtained during the first weeks of gestation, and to that achieved outside pregnancy. The low determinations observed at the level of the foetal blood and urine and the anniotic fluid, as well as in the placenta and oviducts, is in our view due to the fact that the passage of this drug into the ‘compartments’ mentioned takes place slowly; this hypothesis is, however, subject to corroboration or refutation by further studies on this question. The concentration of this compound found was, nonetheless, bactericidal in all the parameters studied.
Anxiety States in Family Practice: An Evaluation of the Need for Antidepressant as Well as Anxiolytic Therapy
Authors: McGhie R L , O'Hara H , O'Hara J , Brodie N H , Dunckley H G , Schiff A A 
Published: September 2014

Patients attending their family practitioner with emotional disturbance manifesting predominantly as anxiety were treated once daily for 4 weeks with either a pure anxiolytic, potassium clorazepate, or a formulation of a specific antidepressant together with an anxiolytic, fluphenazine/nortriptyline, in accordance with a double-blind, completely randomized design. After the first week the patients receiving fluphenazine/nortriptyline were showing a better response in terms of total symptomatology as well as anxiety, tension and depression taken separately, and after 4 weeks treatment this trend reached statistically significant levels on both the physicians' ratings and the patients' self-ratings for overall symptomatology (p 0·05) as well as anxiety and tension on the physicians' scale (p 0·01). Side-effects were infrequent, with the exception of drowsiness which was complained of by 42% of the patients receiving clorazepate. Although simple and convenient to take, a once daily benzodiazepine formulation of fixed dose is likely to be too inflexible to achieve optimal therapeutic effect in many patients. These results are in accord with accumulating evidence for the importance of a depressive aetiology underlying the majority of so-called anxiety states in family practice. Anxiolytic, in the absence of specific antidepressant, therapy is unlikely to be adequate for these patients, and may lead to long-term palliative use of benzodiazepines incurring a risk of dependence.
Effect of Beta-Blockade on Performance: Use of Beta-Blockade in Bowling and in Shooting Competitions
Authors: Siitonen L , Sonck T , Jänne J 
Published: September 2014

The effect of oxprenolol on performance has been investigated on a doubleblind basis in eight bowlers during a 30 hour continuous bowling competition (“marathon bowling”) and in twenty-four pistol shooters in four internal competitions. An administration of 40 mg oxprenolol every six hours during the marathon bowling did not impair the scoring of the bowlers as compared with the subjects receiving placebo. Oxprenolol likewise exerted little influence on the subjective feelings of general tiredness as measured hourly during the bowling on a visual analogue scale. The beta-blockade effectively prevented metabolic changes, such as increases in plasma renin activity and in plasma free fatty acids, evoked by the prolonged physical stress. A single dose of oxprenolol (40 mg) given to pistol shooters 60 minutes prior to internal shooting matches resulted in a significant improvement of the scoring as compared on a double-blind basis with similar placebo matches. Some evidence was obtained to indicate that the latter improvement by oxprenolol might have been associated with a prevention of cardiovascular manifestations (mainly tachycardia) occurring during the shooting competitions. Unwanted effects were not recorded either in bowlers or shooters, by contrast, the beta-blockade appeared to produce a general feeling of well-being as frequently experienced by the shooters.
Therapy of Alveococcosis in Man
Authors: Lüdin C E , Gyr K , Karoussos K 
Published: September 2014

Diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects are interpreted on the basis of two cases of Echinococcus alveolaris. Both patients had undergone partial hepatectomy and were subsequently treated chemotherapeutically. In one case dehydroemetine and mebendazole (Vermox®, Janssen), and in the other case metrifonate (Bilarcil®, Bayer A. G.) were used. The diagnosis of alveococcosis of the liver was demonstrated in one case histologically on the occasion of appendectomy, and in the other case by the indirect immunofluorescence test and passive haemagglutination. In case of suspected alveococcosis these serological tests are imperative, as they are the most reliable methods of demonstrating this disease. The latest trend in therapy aims at a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Mebendazole seems to be promising as an anthelmintic agent for the treatment of alveococcosis. Remission of the disease was obtained in either case.
The Use of Disopyramide in Resistant Cardiac Arrhythmias Due to Acute Ischaemic Heart Disease
Authors: Sandler G 
Published: September 2014

Disopyramide, a new anti-arrhythmic drug, has been assessed in twenty-one episodes of cardiac arrhythmia secondary to acute ischaemic heart disease which failed to respond to more conventional suppressive therapy with lignocaine and other standard drugs. The intravenous administration of 100 mg of disopyramide resulted in suppression of two out of seven episodes of supraventricular arrhythmia, and eleven out of fourteen episodes of ventricular arrhythmias. Successful suppression correlated with blood levels of disopyramide in most cases of ventricular arrhythmias but not in the supraventricular arrhythmias. There were no adverse effects on blood pressure or cardiac function. There were minimal effects on conduction in the electrocardiogram. It is concluded that disopyramide, which probably acts by direct depression of myocardial irritability, is a useful new anti-arrhythmic drug in acute myocardial infarction, especially in those patients with ventricular arrhythmias resistant to more conventional anti-arrhythmic therapy.
The Protective Effect of Ketotifen in Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Göbel Peter 
Published: September 2014

Thirty-six patients with confirmed allergic bronchial asthma were divided into 3 parallel groups and treated with ketotifen 1 mg b.i.d. (Group I), ketotifen 2 mg b.i.d. (Group II), and clemastine I mg b.i.d. (Group III) respectively for 6 months. Nine out of 12 patients in Group I and 10 out of 12 in Group II experienced a statistically significant improvement in dyspnoea and in pulmonary function (Tiffeneau test). Likewise there was a marked reduction in the number, severity and average duration (minutes per week) of asthmatic attacks. By the 12th week, 8 out of 12 patients in the clemastine group had dropped out because of inefficacy. Ketotifen was very well tolerated by all the patients. In both ketotifen groups pathological eosinophil counts returned to normal during treatment. It can be concluded that ketotifen is effective in the long-term prophylaxis of bronchial asthma.
A Controlled Trial of Adenine Arabinoside and Trifluorothymidine in Herpetic Keratitis
Authors: Travers J P , Patterson A 
Published: September 2014

The effectiveness of two anti-viral agents, adenine arabinoside and trifluorothymidine, were studied in cases of human superficial herpetic keratitis (dendritic ulceration). A highly satisfactory response to each drug was demonstrated in most cases.
A Controlled Study Comparing a Three Times Daily Dose of Chlordiazepoxide with a Single Night-Time Dose of Trancopal in the Control of Anxiety, Using a Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Technique
Authors: Donald J F , Molla A Layes 
Published: September 2014

A double-blind, double-dummy between-patient study in general practice was carried out to compare the effectiveness of a single, night-time dosage of Trancopal and a three times daily dose of chlordiazepoxide in controlling neurotic anxiety. Ninety-three patients received either 400 mg of Trancopal at night and a chlordiazepoxide placebo capsule three times daily or 10 mg of chlordiazepoxide three times daily and one or two Trancopal placebo tablets at night. Each was treated for four weeks. Three assessments were made using a physicians' rating scale (modified Hamilton Scale). A visual analogue scale was completed by patients initially and at weekly intervals and physicians' and patients' global assessments were made at Weeks 2 and 4. Each treatment group improved considerably over the period of the study both for sleep and anxiety ratings. A statistically significant correlation was found between improvement in day-time fatigue and loss of energy and improvement in sleep disturbance only in the Trancopal group. Loss of concentration was analyzed separately in patients over 40 years old and there was a significant improvement in the physicians' rating in the Trancopal group. There was a very close correlation throughout between the physician's and patient's own assessment of improvement. Few side-effects not already reported at the start of the trial were reported on either treatment. It was concluded that Trancopal at a usual dosage of 400 mg at night offers an effective alternative to a divided dose of chlordiazepoxide. Not only is the beneficial effect on symptoms of anxiety similar but there is some suggestion of a greater improvement in sleep and less interference with day-time functioning.
A Controlled Study of Trancopal in Sleep Disturbances Due to Rheumatic Disease
Authors: Cohen L 
Published: September 2014

A placebo controlled, double-blind study was carried out in six centres in general practice to assess the effectiveness of Trancopal in treating sleep disturbances due to rheumatic disorders. Eighty-five patients received a usual dose of two tablets of Trancopal or matching placebo at night for two weeks. Patients were assessed weekly and kept a daily record of the quality of sleep. All ratings showed that patients slept significantly better on Trancopal than on placebo. Day-time rheumatic stiffness however was not significantly reduced. Six patients receiving Trancopal reported side-effects chiefly drowsiness (five patients) which was controlled by dose reduction. It was concluded that for rheumatic patients Trancopal offers an acceptable alternative to current hypnotics over which it may prove to have some advantages, particularly for the elderly.
A Comparison of Naproxen, Indomethacin and Acetylsalicylic Acid in Pain after Varicose Vein Surgery
Authors: Aromaa Ulla , Asp Kari 
Published: September 2014

Oral naproxen in doses of 500 mg and 750 mg daily was compared with oral indomethacin, 75 mg daily, in a double-blind, completely randomized study of patients with post-operative pain after out-patient varicose vein surgery. Altogether, 120 patients were studied. In the study 750 mg naproxen proved to be equal in respect of analgesic efficacy to 75 mg indomethacin, and it was clearly superior to 1500 mg acetylsalicylic acid. Naproxen, 500 to 750 mg daily, afforded adequate postoperative analgesia in 98% of patients. The side-effects were mild. On the basis of the study, naproxen can be recommended as a pain-relieving drug after minor surgery, particularly when an antiphlogistic effect is also desirable.
A Single Dose Study Comparing the Analgesic Effects of Diflunisal, Acetylsalicylic Acid, and Placebo in Pain following Meniscectomy
Authors: Honig W J , Cremer C W R J , Manni J G , Buntinx A , Steelman S L , Besselaar G H 
Published: September 2014

A single dose experiment was used to evaluate the analgesic effect of diflunisal, a new salicylic acid derivative. Three dose levels of diflunisal (125 mg, 250 mg, and 500 mg) were compared to one dose level of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (600 mg) and placebo. The maximal analgesia induced by 500 mg diflunisal was comparable to that of 600 mg ASA. The onset of action was slightly more rapid with ASA but the duration of the analgesic effect was far longer for diflunisal, extending beyond 8 hours after administration. Diflunisal is a promising drug for the treatment of post-operative pain because of its long-lasting effect.
Concomitant Administration of Timolol and Hydrochlorothiazide/Amiloride in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Hintzen A H J , Henquet J W M , Chappin J J M L , Slagboom G 
Published: September 2014

In an open dose titration study we evaluated the antihypertensive effect of the concomitant administration of timolol and hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride, administered on a b.i.d. basis. Twenty-eight out of 39 patients completed the study. Supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pulse rate were significantly lower at the end of the titration period than at the end of the diuretic period.
Netilmicin Treatment of Serious Infections in Patients with Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Jonsson Marianne , Julander Inger , Tunevall Gösta , Haeger Knut 
Published: September 2014

Out of 24 patients with suspected moderate to severe infections and treated with the semisynthetic aminoglycoside netilmicin, 11 patients had decreased renal function. Non-bacterial aetiology was present in five cases. There was good netilmicin effect in 10 cases, indeterminate effect in 6 cases (due to simultaneously given other antibiotics) and failure in 3 cases. Pharmacokinetic parameters were studied. Curves are given for serum concentration patterns relative to creatinine clearance, and serum half lives are calculated in renal dysfunction. In this series of very ill patients including impaired renal function, netilmicin proved to be an efficient antibiotic with low toxicity. Only one transient minor vestibular abnormality in an 80-year-old man with concomitant diuretic medication was registered.
Psychopharmaca, Psychic Illness, and Driving Ability: A Contribution to the Debate
Authors: Hobi V 
Published: September 2014

Four studies treating methodological and clinical aspects of the question of driving ability of the mentally ill under psychopharmaca have been discussed. The complexity of the integral interplay in the domain of physiological, emotional, and psychomotor-cognitive functions relevant for driving behaviour makes an equally complex experimental design appear necessary to tackle this problem. Although the various test apparatus marketed for the investigation of driving fitness allow a relatively proper estimate, the examination of mentally ill patients under psychopharmaca calls for the differentiated inclusion of physiological, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, pschomotor-cognitive, and personality-specific dimensions. The present state of science requires the repeated judgment of the treating therapist in addition. This judgment can only be made on the basis of a partnership between doctor and patient.
Effect of Salicylic Acid on the Activity of Betamethasone-17,21-Dipropionate in the Treatment of Erythematous Squamous Dermatoses
Authors: Elic Robert , Durocher Louis-Philippe , Kavalec Edward C 
Published: September 2014

Forty adult out-patients with erythematous squamous dermatoses of the scalp were treated in this 21-day double-blind study with an alcohol base lotion containing either 0·05% betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate, 2% salicylic acid, 0·05% betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate + 2% salicylic acid or their respective placebo. The four treatments were assigned randomly to the patients according to a 2 × 2 orthogonal factorial design. Changes in severity of redness, scaling, pruritus and size of lesions were evaluated. Since very few patients presented with excoriation and lichenificatioh, these symptoms could not be ascertained. Results were assessed for significance by covariance analysis where initial status was used as regressor. A potentiation of the betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate activity by salicylic acid was observed for scaling. An additive effect was noted for redness and pruritus. According to the physician's global evaluation, patients treated with the combination drug showed a better evolution than those treated with placebo. The results suggest that addition of a keratolytic agent enhances the corticosteroid effect in the treatment of erythematous squamous dermatoses.
Treatment of Constipation with Chenodeoxycholic Acid
Authors: Bazzoli F , Malavolti M , Petronelli A , Barbara L , Roda E 
Published: September 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the cathartic effect of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) could be helpful in the management of chronic constipation. Twenty cholesterol gall-stone patients with chronic constipation were randomly treated with either CDCA (750 mg/day in three divided doses at meals) or placebo for a period of 4 weeks. The administration of CDCA produced a significant increase of stool frequency and a decrease of stool consistency, while placebo was not effective in improving the bowel habit of the patients. As some patients complained of diarrhoea, and some had no modification of bowel frequency, further studies are needed to determine the most appropriate dose for each patient.
Treatment of Chronic Constipation by a Bulk-Forming Laxative (Fibrolax®)
Authors: Borgia M , Sepe N , Brancato V , Costa G , Simone P , Borgia R , Lugli R 
Published: September 2014

Seventy-five patients affected by chronic constipation were treated for 4 weeks with an Ispaghula Husk preparation (Fibrolax®), a bulk-forming laxative. Frequency, stool consistency, abdominal pain and signs of venous stasis improved after treatment. No important side-effect was recorded. Cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides did not show significant changes.
Chlorthalidone-Triamterene: A Potassium-Sparing Diuretic Combination for the Treatment of Oedema
Authors: Webb Edmund L , Godfrey John C , Rosenbaum Robert , Zisblatt Martin , Vukovich Robert A , Neiss E S 
Published: September 2014

The efficacy of a once-daily combination of chlorthalidone 50 mg plus triamterene 50 mg or chlorthalidone 100 mg plus triamterene 100 mg was compared to that of chlorthalidone 50 mg or 100 mg. This double-blind study was carried out in eighty-eight patients over a treatment period of 12 weeks. All patients entered the active medication period of 12 weeks after a placebo run-in period of 3 to 7 days, during which pretibial or maleolar pitting oedema averaging 2 to 4 mm developed. All patients started at the lower doses, i.e. forty-one started on chlorthalidone 50 mg plus triamterene 50 mg and forty-seven started on chlorthalidone 50 mg. The protocol provided for doubling the dose (but not for reducing it thereafter) at any time during the 12-week period when control of oedema was deemed inadequate. Eight of the combination therapy patients and sixteen of those on chlorthalidone required the higher doses. By Week 12, 96% of the chlorthalidone plus triamterene patients and 100% of the chlorthalidone patients had shown a reduction of at least 2 mm in depth of pits, and 92% and 72%, respectively, had complete disappearance of oedema. The decreases in pitting oedema were paralleled by mean weight losses of 2·4 kg and 3·1 kg, respectively, for the combination treatment group and the chlorthalidone group. Average serum potassium levels throughout the 12-week treatment period were 3·70 mEq/L for the patients taking the combination compared to 3·41 mEq/L of those taking chlorthalidone. Serum potassium levels were significantly (p < 0·05) better maintained in the chlorthalidone plus triamterene group than in the chlorthalidone group. It is concluded that the combination is as effective as chlorthalidone alone in the treatment of patients with oedema, and that the combination has significantly greater potassium-sparing effect than does chlorthalidone at comparable doses.
Comparison of Dicyclomine with Antacid and without Antacid in Dyspepsia
Authors: Kagan G , Huddlestone L , Wolstencroft P 
Published: September 2014

In a study of forty-two patients with dyspepsia, hiatus hernia or duodenal ulcer, dicyclomine (Merbentyl) has been demonstrated to be effective in the control of the symptoms of this disorder. Under double-blind conditions an antacid or placebo supplement was provided and no significant difference in benefit was recorded. The antacid was given in a large tablet and this preparation was more conscientiously taken by patients, and this was equally true for large placebo tablets. Clearly patients like to take frequent treatment for dyspepsia, but symptom control is quite adequate if Merbentyl is given alone.