bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gründe für optische Verzerrungen in Gläsern
Authors: Neugebauer Jürgen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDie Diskussion über die optische Qualität von Gläsern handelt fast immer vom Thema der Ebenheit bzw. der Verzerrung der Spiegelbilder in der Glasfläche. Im Falle von Flachglas kann diese Diskussion auf die Ebenheit beschränkt werden, aber für gebogene muss die Diskussion über die Verzerrungen allgemeiner geführt werden. Ursachen von solchen Verzerrungen können einerseits während der Herstellung der Glasprodukte entstehen und andererseits durch unsachgemäße Montage auftreten. In vielen Fällen kommt es auch zur Überlagerung von unterschiedlichen Ursachen solcher Verzerrungen und sind dadurch schwer einzugliedern. Ein großes Problem in der Praxis besteht darin, solche Verzerrungen exakt zu messen und zu bewerten. Neben den Messverfahren die in verschiedenen Normen beschrieben werden, gibt es ebenso andere Möglichkeiten der Messungen. Optische Messverfahren basieren z.B. auf dem physikalischen Prinzip der Deflektometrie oder Photogrammetrie.Causes of optical distortions in glass. The discussion about the quality of glass often touches upon the subject of flatness or distortion. In the case of flat glass this discussion is focused only on the flatness, but for curved glass the discussion must be more general. Glass distortion can occur while producing the glass products. One example is the issue of the glass thickness with its tolerances. A large range of possible faults can appear during the process of the pre‐stressing of glass. One kind of these failures is the appearance of the so‐called roller waves. Other distortions are caused by faults during glass assembly. A significant issue is measuring of such distortions. Beside the given measurement procedures described in several standards, this paper will describe other measurement possibilities. Some procedures are based on optical measurements.
Rechnerische Bestimmung der solaren Strahlungseinwirkung auf Gebäudehüllen
Authors: Weller Bernhard , Wünsch Jan , Horn Sebastian , Fahrion Marc‐Steffen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDie solare Strahlung wirkt sich teils deutlich auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Zwischenfolien, Klebstoffen und Kunststoffen aus. Bisherige Alterungsverfahren repräsentieren reale solare Strahlungseinwirkungen nur bedingt. Der Beitrag stellt daher das Vorgehen zur Bestimmung einer strahlungsoptimierten Datenbasis für dynamische Gebäude‐ und Bauteilsimulationen und deren Anwendung dar. In einem ersten Schritt wird mittels spektral aufgelöster Messdaten (UV‐B, UV‐A, Vis) ein strahlungsoptimiertes Testreferenzjahr erzeugt. Dieses dient als Datenbasis für die rechnerische Bestimmung der richtungs‐ und neigungsabhängigen Einwirkungen. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse differenziert für Global‐, UV‐A‐ und UV‐B‐Strahlung betrachtet dargelegt.Calculative determination of the effect of solar radiation on the building envelope. The solar radiation affects the durability of intermediate films, adhesives and plastics, in some cases significantly. Hitherto existing aging processes represent the real solar radiation effects only to a limited extent. Therefore, the paper introduces the procedure for determining a radiation‐optimized test reference year for dynamic building and component simulations as well as their application. In a first step a radiation‐optimized test reference year is generated, using spectrally resolved measurement data (UV‐B, UV‐A, Vis). It serves as database for the calculative determination of the effects depending on direction and inclination. Finally, the results for global‐, UV‐A‐ and UV‐B‐radiation are presented in differentiated terms.
Flüssigkristallbasierte Verglasung zur Regelung des Licht‐ und Energieeintrags in Gebäude
Authors: Haase Walter , Husser Marzena , Sobek Werner , Sobek Werner , Kurz Eberhard , Rau Lothar , Frühauf Norbert 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHerkömmliche Gebäudeverglasungen können auf Veränderungen der Außen‐ und der Innenraumsituation nur eingeschränkt oder überhaupt nicht reagieren. Von den Autoren wird ein schaltbares System zur Regelung des Licht‐ und Energieeintrags vorgestellt. Dieses System beruht auf der Funktionsweise einer verdrillt‐nematischen Flüssigkristallzelle. Durch die Verwendung eines solchen schaltbaren Systems in einem Isolierglasverbund kann eine Anpassungsfähigkeit der Gebäudehülle erzielt werden, die sowohl eine gute Verschattungsregelung als auch die Optimierung der Tageslichtsituation und eine Kontrolle des Energieeintrags ins Gebäude gewährleistet. Nachfolgend werden Forschungsergebnisse zur Herstellbarkeit, zu den erzielbaren optischen und bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften des Systems sowie zu dessen Langzeitstabilität dargestellt.Liquid Crystal Based Glazing System for the Control of Light and Energy Flux into Buildings. Static glazing systems are subject to vast limitations concerning their reaction to changes in the exterior and the interior conditions. Therefore a switchable glazing system was developed by the authors. The system is based on modified twisted nematic liquid crystal cells. Due to the unique characteristics of this glazing system, shading control, optimized daylight management, as well as control of the energy flux into the building are possible. The functional principle, manufacturability and some properties of this adaptive system are further presented within the article.
Höherfeste Silikonverklebungen am Beispiel einer Glas‐Fin‐ Anwendung
Authors: Doebbel Florian , Neubauer Daniela , Rudolf Bernhard , Wagner Werner 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHöherfeste Silikone eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten im Fassadenbau. Neben der Einsparung von Material durch ein schlankeres Fugendesign, besteht die Möglichkeit, die Tragfähigkeit vorhandener Fugenquerschnitte durch den Austausch des Klebstoffes zu verbessern und damit die Machbarkeit und Akzeptanz von tragenden Verklebungen bei Fassadenelementen zu erhöhen. Welche Möglichkeiten sich daraus ergeben, soll am Beispiel eines Glas‐Fin‐Projektes gezeigt werden. Die geklebte Ausführung der Glas‐Fin‐Bauteile wäre ohne höherfeste Silikonprodukte nicht möglich gewesen. Es werden die verschiedenen Design‐Phasen vom Entwurf der Konstruktion über die Einbeziehung der Klebefuge in das Systemdesign bis hin zur Validierung der finalen Konstruktion gezeigt.High‐strength Silicone Adhesive used for a Glass‐Fin‐Application. High‐strength silicones provide new potential for façade applications. Not only the fact that a lean joint design saves silicone and frame material, but also the improvement of load capacity for existing joint sections by using another adhesive are great benefits for increasing feasibility and acceptance of structurally bonded façade units. The new opportunities are demonstrated on the example of a glass‐fin project. Without high‐strength silicone adhesive this glass‐fin elements wouldn’t have been realized as an only‐bonded application. The different design phases are presented from preliminary draft over the determination of the structural design considering the adhesive joint itself up to the point of validating the final design.
Tottenham Court Road Station
Authors: Ludwig Josef 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLondon Underground lässt derzeit die Tottenham Court Road Station neu gestalten. Seele wurde mit zwei skulpturalen Ganzglaskörpern (Entwurf: Stanton Williams Architects), die den Eingang zur tube station bilden, beauftragt. Mit der neu entwickelten Verbindungstechnik aus einlaminierten Titanteilen und der Produktion von 14 m langen Glasstützen für die Rahmen aus Glasschwertern setzt seele die Anforderung um, Material und Konstruktion zu minimieren. Mehrfach verzogene Querschnitte und Grundrisse der Glaskörper sowie die diagonal angeschnittenen Grundflächen führen zu zahlreichen unterschiedlichen Winkeln und Formaten für die Glashülle, die absolute Präzision in Planung und Bearbeitung erfordern.Tottenham Court Road Station. Tottenham Court Road (TCR) station is currently going through a major upgrade as part of London Underground’s (LU) investment programme. Part of the Tottenham Court Road Station Upgrade (TCRSU) encompasses the installation of two new iconic crystalline structures, intersected with a glazed plank installation, allowing increased access to the station demise. The original design of the structures was completed by Stanton Williams (RIBA Stage D Report completed in April 2007), with technical assistance provided by seele, as a competition submission to LU for the design of the new Centre Point Plaza area at TCR. The intent to add two sculptural glass prisms to this rich urban tapestry will create a stunning visual and public realm experience.
Using audio lures to improve golden‐winged warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) detection during point‐count surveys
Authors: McNeil Darin J. , Otto Clint R. V. , Roloff Gary J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe golden‐winged warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) is a Neotropical migratory songbird listed as a “Bird of Conservation Concern” by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. To manage golden‐winged warblers, it is important to develop effective survey techniques for conservation research and monitoring. We conducted point counts in 1–8‐year‐old aspen (Populus sp.) stands in the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan (USA), during 2011, to estimate detection probability of golden‐winged warblers, with and without an electronic broadcast of a golden‐winged warbler song (i.e., audio lure). We compared audio lure effectiveness for detecting golden‐winged warblers during fixed‐ (50‐m radius) and variable‐radius point counts. Golden‐winged warbler detection estimates were  = 0.84 (95% CI = 0.39–0.98) and  = 0.22 (0.11–0.40) for fixed‐radius point counts, with and without audio lure, respectively. For variable‐radius point counts, golden‐winged warbler detection estimates were  = 0.79 (CI = 0.51–0.93) and  = 0.57 (0.42–0.71), with and without audio lure, respectively. We also estimated the number of 3‐minute sub‐counts required to achieve detection probability ≥95% for both radii, with and without audio lures. We found that 2 sub‐counts with audio lure resulted in >95% detection probability for golden‐winged warblers at both radii. Without audio lure, 12 and 4 sub‐counts were required for fixed and variable radii, respectively. Regardless of survey technique, golden‐winged warbler detection probability was always <1.0, which highlights the importance of accounting for imperfect detection of golden‐winged warblers. Our results indicate that the use of an audio lure is an effective design technique for improving detectability of golden‐winged warblers. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Rapid regulation of nuclear proteins by rapamycin‐induced translocation in fission yeast
Authors: Ding Lin , Laor Dana , Weisman Ronit , Forsburg Susan L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGenetic analysis of protein function requires a rapid means of inactivating the gene under study. Typically, this exploits temperature‐sensitive mutations or promoter shut‐off techniques. We report the adaptation to Schizosaccharomyces pombe of the anchor‐away technique, originally designed in budding yeast by Laemmli lab. This method relies on a rapamycin‐mediated interaction between the FRB‐ and FKBP12‐binding domains to relocalize nuclear proteins of interest to the cytoplasm. We demonstrate a rapid nuclear depletion of abundant proteins as proof of principle. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethnography in Community Psychology: Promises and Tensions
Authors: Case Andrew D. , Todd Nathan R. , Kral Michael J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCommunity psychology recognizes the need for research methods that illuminate context, culture, diversity, and process. One such method, ethnography, has crossed into multiple disciplines from anthropology, and indeed, community psychologists are becoming community ethnographers. Ethnographic work stands at the intersection of bridging universal questions with the particularities of people and groups bounded in time, geographic location, and social location. Ethnography is thus historical and deeply contextual, enabling a rich, in‐depth understanding of communities that is aligned with the values and goals of community psychology. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the potential of ethnography for community psychology and to encourage its use within the field as a method to capture culture and context, to document process, and to reveal how social change and action occur within and through communities. We discuss the method of ethnography, draw connections to community psychology values and goals, and identify tensions from our experiences doing ethnography. Overall, we assert that ethnography is a method that resonates with community psychology and present this paper as a resource for those interested in using this method in their research or community activism.
Widening the participation gap: The effect of educational track on reported voting in England
Authors: Janmaat Jan Germen , Mostafa Tarek , Hoskins Bryony 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis article explores the effect of tracked education in upper secondary on voting behaviour. It discusses two causal mechanisms that link tracked education to greater disparities of political participation: the curriculum and peer socialization. Data of Waves 1, 2, 5 and 7 of the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE) is used to assess the hypothesis that educational track has an independent effect on voting. Controlling for several pre‐ and post‐track influences, the paper shows that students who have taken vocational courses in less prestigious schools indeed have lower reported voting levels at age 20 than those who have pursued an academic qualification (A levels) in prestigious schools. It is proposed that the effect of tracked education on political participation is likely to vary across Europe and that this variation may well be explained by differences across Europe in the extent to which the academic and vocational tracks are integrated, both in terms of the curriculum and in their social intake.
Emotional intelligence and psychological maladjustment in adolescence: A systematic review
Authors: Resurrección D.M. , Salguero J.M. , Ruiz‐Aranda D. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe study of emotional intelligence (EI) and its association with psychological maladjustment in adolescence is a new and active area of research. However, the diverse range of EI measurements and aspects of psychological maladjustment examined make it difficult to synthesize the findings and apply them to practice. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to summarize the relationship between EI and adolescents' emotional problems, eating disorder symptoms, addictions, and maladaptive coping. Using English and Spanish keywords, we identified 32 studies that found a negative association between EI and internalizing problems, depression, and anxiety. EI was also associated with less substance abuse and with better coping strategies. These associations differed slightly depending on whether EI was evaluated based on self‐reporting or by testing maximum performance. We highlight methodological limitations in the literature on EI and adolescence, and we discuss potentially important areas for future research.
Effects of Hiking at Moderate and Low Altitude on Cardiovascular Parameters in Male Patients With Metabolic Syndrome: Austrian Moderate Altitude Study
Authors: Neumayr Günther , Fries Dietmar , Mittermayer Markus , Humpeler Egon , Klingler Anton , Schobersberger Wolfgang , Spiesberger Reinhard , Pokan Rochus , Schmid Peter , Berent Robert 
Published: April 2014

Objective Physical activity is a cornerstone in therapy for patients with metabolic syndrome. Walking and hiking in a mountain scenery represents an ideal approach to make them move. The Austrian Moderate Altitude Study (AMAS) 2000 main study is a randomized controlled trial to investigate the cardiovascular effects of hiking at moderate altitude on patients with metabolic syndrome compared with a control group at low altitude, to assess a potential altitude-specific effect. Methods Seventy-one male patients with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to a moderate altitude group (at 1700 m), with 36 participants, or to a low altitude group (at 200 m), with 35 participants. The 3-week vacation program included 12 hiking tours (4 per week, average duration 2.5 hours, intensity 55% to 65% of heart rate maximum). Physical parameters, performance capacity, 24-hour blood pressure, and heart rate profiles were obtained before, during, and after the stay. Results In both groups, we found a significant mean weight loss of −3.13 kg; changes in performance capacity were minor. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures and circadian heart rate profiles were significantly reduced in both groups, with no differences between them. Consequently, the pressure-rate product was reduced as well. All study participants tolerated the vacation well without any adverse events. Conclusions A 3-week hiking vacation at moderate or low altitude is safe for patients with metabolic syndrome and provides several improvements in their cardiovascular parameters. The cardiovascular benefits achieved are more likely to be the result of regular physical activity than the altitude-specific effect of a mountain environment.
Bridging local to global dynamics of drop impact onto solid substrates
Authors: Lastakowski H. , Boyer F. , Biance A.-L. , Pirat C. , Ybert C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe shape of impacting drops onto a solid surface is investigated by probing the local flow velocity and the local thickness profile of the spreading lamella during the drop impact. First, as a model situation of no viscous coupling between the liquid and the substrate, the impact of a drop onto hot plates, above the Leidenfrost temperature, is considered. In this case, we demonstrate that the velocity and thickness profiles are in good agreement with inviscid convective flow theory. This local description allows us to revisit the modelling of well-studied global behaviour such as drop spreading. Building from this idealized situation, viscous boundary-layer effects emerging from frictional coupling on a cold surface are then captured.
Direct numerical simulations of laminar separation bubbles: investigation of absolute instability and active flow control of transition to turbulence
Authors: Embacher Martin , Fasel H. F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLaminar separation bubbles generated on a flat plate by an adverse pressure gradient are investigated using direct numerical simulations (DNSs). Two-dimensional periodic forcing is applied at a blowing/suction slot upstream of separation. Control of separation through forcing with various frequencies and amplitudes is examined. For the investigation of absolute instability mechanisms, baseflows provided by two-dimensional Navier–Stokes calculations are analysed by introducing pulse disturbances and computing the three-dimensional flow response using DNS. The primary instability of the time-averaged flow is investigated with a local linear stability analysis. Employing a steady flow solution as baseflow, the nonlinear and non-parallel effects on the self-sustained disturbance development are illustrated, and a feedback mechanism facilitated by the upstream flow deformation is identified. Secondary instability is investigated locally using spatially periodic baseflows. The flow response to pulsed forcing indicates the existence of an absolute secondary instability mechanism, and the results indicate that this mechanism is dependent on the periodic forcing. Results from three-dimensional DNS provide insight into the global instability mechanisms of separation bubbles and complement the local analysis. A forcing strategy was devised that suppresses the temporal growth of three-dimensional disturbances, and as a consequence, breakdown to turbulence does not occur. Even for a separation bubble that has transitioned to turbulence, the flow relaminarizes when applying two-dimensional periodic forcing with proper frequencies and amplitudes.
Effect of sampling and diagnostic effort on the assessment of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis and drug efficacy: a meta-analysis of six drug efficacy trials and one epidemiological survey
Authors: LEVECKE BRUNO , BROOKER SIMON J. , KNOPP STEFANIE , STEINMANN PETER , SOUSA-FIGUEIREDO JOSE CARLOS , STOTHARD J. RUSSELL , UTZINGER JÜRG , VERCRUYSSE JOZEF 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYIt is generally recommended to perform multiple stool examinations in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy when assessing the impact of mass drug administration programmes to control human intestinal worm infections and determining efficacy of the drugs administered. However, the collection and diagnostic work-up of multiple stool samples increases costs and workload. It has been hypothesized that these increased efforts provide more accurate results when infection and drug efficacy are summarized by prevalence (proportion of subjects infected) and cure rate (CR, proportion of infected subjects that become egg-negative after drug administration), respectively, but not when these indicators are expressed in terms of infection intensity and egg reduction rate (ERR). We performed a meta-analysis of six drug efficacy trials and one epidemiological survey. We compared prevalence and intensity of infection, CR and ERR based on collection of one or two stool samples that were processed with single or duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears. We found that the accuracy of prevalence estimates and CR was lowest with the minimal sampling effort, but that this was not the case for estimating infection intensity and ERR. Hence, a single Kato-Katz thick smear is sufficient for reporting infection intensity and ERR following drug treatment.
Changing social contact patterns under tropical weather conditions relevant for the spread of infectious diseases
Authors: CHAN T.-C. , FU Y.-C. , HWANG J.-S. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYWeather conditions and social contact patterns provide some clues to understanding year-round influenza epidemics in the tropics. Recent studies suggest that contact patterns may direct influenza transmission in the tropics as critically as the aerosol channel in temperate regions. To examine this argument, we analysed a representative nationwide survey dataset of contact diaries with comprehensive weather data in Taiwan. Methods we used included model-free estimated relative changes in reproduction number, R0; relative changes in the number of contacts; and model-based estimated relative changes in mean contacts using zero-inflated negative binomial regression models. Overall, social contact patterns clearly differ by demographics (such as age groups), personal idiosyncrasies (such as personality and happiness), and social institutions (such as the division of weekdays and weekend days). Further, weather conditions also turn out to be closely linked to contact patterns under various circumstances. Fleeting contacts, for example, tend to diminish when it rains hard on weekdays, while physical contacts also decrease during weekend days with heavy rain. Frequent social contacts on weekdays and under good weather conditions, including high temperature and low absolute humidity, all might facilitate the transmission of infectious diseases in tropical regions.