bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pendulum Moves from Europe to Asia. Modernizing Siberia and the Far East. Economic and Security Issues
Authors: Malle Silvana , Cooper Julian 
Published: October 2013

Under the current Presidency of Putin two main areas of concern are discernible: the modernization of defence industry and the accelerated development of Siberia and, in particular, the Far East. To a certain extent, development programmes prioritized within increasingly tight budget constraints overlap, since important sections of the defence industry are located beyond the Urals. In response to China's rapidly increasing economic and military strength, there is a need both to modernise infrastructure in order to boost trade opportunities eastward and to enhance and diversify industrial capabilities, a task in which the defence industry has a role to play. The article examines the policy and financial implications of the current shift eastwards. Resistance to policy changes is strong. Private investments will need strong encouragement while the role of the state needs to increase in the short-medium term. Nationalism and ideological inclinations add to a lively policy debate often marked by harsh tones. This major turn in strategy needs to entail a certain degree of decentralization as specific long-term projects are hardly manageable from Moscow. The existing structures are manifestly inadequate. While the need for a special authority endowed with the necessary powers for coordination and control of branch and territorial projects is discussed, the appropriate balance between the representation of regional interests and federal development plans is unclear. The article argues that more could be done to stimulate the regional powers to assume their own responsibility in selecting the most suitable projects consistent with federal priorities, offering good administrative services and, when necessary, tax incentives. While establishing nation-wide economic goals, federal government should be more receptive to local demands, while strengthening its command over security issues. Mutually supportive and respectful interaction between regional and federal bodies would improve the ability to assess in an informed way opportunities and constraints for growth and better discriminate among alternative projects on the basis of their respective outturn, feasibility and cost.
A rare KCNE1 polymorphism, D85N, as a genetic modifier of long QT syndrome
Authors: Hasegawa Kanae , Ohno Seiko , Itoh Hideki , Makiyama Takeru , Aiba Takeshi , Nakano Yasutaka , Shimizu Wataru , Matsuura Hiroshi , Makita Naomasa , Horie Minoru 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe gene KCNE1 encodes the β‐subunit of cardiac voltage‐gated K+ channels and causes long QT syndrome (LQTS). LQTS is characterized by the prolongation of QT interval and lethal arrhythmias such as torsade de pointes (TdP). A KCNE1 polymorphism, D85N, has been shown to modify the phenotype of LQTS through a loss‐of‐function effect on both KCNQ1 and KCNH2 channels when co‐expressed and reconstituted in a heterologous expression system.MethodsA screening for the D85N polymorphism was performed in 355 LQTS families with mutations in KCNQ1, KCNH2, or SCN5A. Among the probands who had a heterozygous status with the polymorphism, we focused on a family with a KCNH2 mutation (E58K), a N‐terminal missense mutation, and examined the clinical significance of this polymorphism. We also conducted biophysical assays to analyze the effect of the polymorphism in mammalian cells.ResultsIn 355 probands, we found 14 probands (3.9%) who had a heterozygous compound status with the D85N polymorphism. In the family with a KCNE1‐D85N polymorphism and a KCNH2‐E58K mutation, the proband and her daughter carried both the KCNH2 mutation and the KCNE1‐D85N polymorphism. They experienced repetitive syncope and TdP. Two sons of the proband had either KCNH2‐E58K mutation or KCNE1‐D85N, but were asymptomatic. Biophysical assays of KCNE1‐D85N with KCNH2‐E58K variants produced a larger reduction in the reconstituted IKr currents compared to co‐expression with wild‐type KCNE1.ConclusionsThe KCNE1‐D85N polymorphism modified the clinical features of LQTS patients.
Forecasting GDP growth with financial market data in Finland: Revisiting stylized facts in a small open economy during the financial crisis
Authors: Kuosmanen Petri , Vataja Juuso 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the ability of financial variables to predict future economic growth above and beyond past economic activity in a small open economy in the euro area. We aim to clarify potential differences in forecasting economic activity during different economic circumstances.Our results from Finland suggest that the proper choice of forecasting variables is related to general economic conditions. During steady economic growth, the preferred choice for a financial indicator is the short‐term interest rate combined with past values of output growth. However, during economic turbulence, the traditional term spread and stock returns are more important in forecasting GDP growth. The time‐varying predictive content of the financial variables may be utilized by applying regime‐switching nonlinear forecasting models. We propose a novel application using the negative term spread and observed recession as signals to switch between regimes. This procedure yields a significant improvement in forecasting performance at the one‐year forecast horizon.
Timing of glacier fluctuations and trigger mechanisms in eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau during the late Quaternary
Authors: Ou XianJiao , Lai ZhongPing , Zhou ShangZhe , Zeng LanHua 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIt is highly debated whether glacial advances on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) occurred as a response to temperature cooling, or whether they were forced by an increase in moisture brought by the intensive Indian summer monsoon. We here report a case study investigating this issue. Multiple moraine series in the Yingpu Valley, Queer Shan ranges of the Hengduan Mountains, and eastern QTP, provide an excellent archive for examining the timing and trigger mechanism of glacier fluctuations. Twenty-seven optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples of glacial sediments were collected from this valley. The quartz OSL ages show that the moraine series of Y-1, I, M and O were formed during the Late Holocene, Late Glacial, the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (likely mid-MIS-3). The youngest Y-2 moraines probably formed during the Little Ice Age (LIA). The oldest H moraines formed before MIS-3. We found that glacial advances during the late Quaternary at the Yingpu Valley responded to cold stages or cold events rather than episodes of enhanced summer monsoon and moisture. As a result, glaciers in the monsoonal Hengduan Mountains were mainly triggered by changes in temperature. Millennial time scale temperature oscillations might have caused the multiple glacial advances.
Tourism Policy as a Tool for Rural Development
Authors: Hyytiä Nina , Kola Jukka 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper studies whether tourism policies enhance regional development, and how such effects are distributed by the rural‐urban sphere in two structurally different rural regions in Finland. The overall GDP and employment effects were positive in both examined regions whether the main beneficiary was a rural or urban area. The tourism policies generated comparatively uniform gains in the diversified economic region in which the natural environment was the main tourist attraction. However, in the region where the food cluster was at the core of the economy, the gains were smaller and tended to accumulate in the urban area.
Anatomical entity mention recognition at literature scale
Authors: Pyysalo Sampo , Ananiadou Sophia 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Anatomical entities ranging from subcellular structures to organ systems are central to biomedical science, and mentions of these entities are essential to understanding the scientific literature. Despite extensive efforts to automatically analyze various aspects of biomedical text, there have been only few studies focusing on anatomical entities, and no dedicated methods for learning to automatically recognize anatomical entity mentions in free-form text have been introduced.
Results: We present AnatomyTagger, a machine learning-based system for anatomical entity mention recognition. The system incorporates a broad array of approaches proposed to benefit tagging, including the use of Unified Medical Language System (UMLS)- and Open Biomedical Ontologies (OBO)-based lexical resources, word representations induced from unlabeled text, statistical truecasing and non-local features. We train and evaluate the system on a newly introduced corpus that substantially extends on previously available resources, and apply the resulting tagger to automatically annotate the entire open access scientific domain literature. The resulting analyses have been applied to extend services provided by the Europe PubMed Central literature database.
Availability and implementation: All tools and resources introduced in this work are available from http://nactem.ac.uk/anatomytagger.
Contact: sophia.ananiadou@manchester.ac.uk
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Inferring therapeutic targets from heterogeneous data: HKDC1 is a novel potential therapeutic target for cancer
Authors: Li Gong-Hua , Huang Jing-Fei 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Motivation: The discovery of therapeutic targets is important for cancer treatment. Although dozens of targets have been used in cancer therapies, cancer remains a serious disease with a high mortality rate. Owing to the expansion of cancer-related data, we now have the opportunity to infer therapeutic targets using computational biology methods.
Results: Here, we describe a method, termed anticancer activity enrichment analysis, used to determine genes that could be used as therapeutic targets. The results show that these genes have high likelihoods of being developed into clinical targets (&gt;60%). Combined with gene expression data, we predicted 50 candidate targets for lung cancer, of which 19 of the top 20 genes are targeted by approved drugs or drugs used in clinical trials. A hexokinase family member, hexokinase domain-containing protein 1 (HKDC1), is the only one of the top 20 genes that has not been targeted by either an approved drug or one being used in clinical trials. Further investigations indicate that HKDC1 is a novel potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Conclusion: We developed a protocol to identify potential therapeutic targets from heterogeneous data. We suggest that HKDC1 is a novel potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Contact: huangjf@mail.kiz.ac.cn
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Protter: interactive protein feature visualization and integration with experimental proteomic data
Authors: Omasits Ulrich , Ahrens Christian H. , Müller Sebastian , Wollscheid Bernd 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Summary: The ability to integrate and visualize experimental proteomic evidence in the context of rich protein feature annotations represents an unmet need of the proteomics community. Here we present Protter, a web-based tool that supports interactive protein data analysis and hypothesis generation by visualizing both annotated sequence features and experimental proteomic data in the context of protein topology. Protter supports numerous proteomic file formats and automatically integrates a variety of reference protein annotation sources, which can be readily extended via modular plug-ins. A built-in export function produces publication-quality customized protein illustrations, also for large datasets. Visualizations of surfaceome datasets show the specific utility of Protter for the integrated visual analysis of membrane proteins and peptide selection for targeted proteomics.
Availability and implementation: The Protter web application is available at http://wlab.ethz.ch/protter. Source code and installation instructions are available at http://ulo.github.io/Protter/.
Contact: wbernd@ethz.ch
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A pathway-based data integration framework for prediction of disease progression
Authors: Seoane José A. , Day Ian N. M. , Gaunt Tom R. , Campbell Colin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Within medical research there is an increasing trend toward deriving multiple types of data from the same individual. The most effective prognostic prediction methods should use all available data, as this maximizes the amount of information used. In this article, we consider a variety of learning strategies to boost prediction performance based on the use of all available data.
Implementation: We consider data integration via the use of multiple kernel learning supervised learning methods. We propose a scheme in which feature selection by statistical score is performed separately per data type and by pathway membership. We further consider the introduction of a confidence measure for the class assignment, both to remove some ambiguously labeled datapoints from the training data and to implement a cautious classifier that only makes predictions when the associated confidence is high.
Results: We use the METABRIC dataset for breast cancer, with prediction of survival at 2000 days from diagnosis. Predictive accuracy is improved by using kernels that exclusively use those genes, as features, which are known members of particular pathways. We show that yet further improvements can be made by using a range of additional kernels based on clinical covariates such as Estrogen Receptor (ER) status. Using this range of measures to improve prediction performance, we show that the test accuracy on new instances is nearly 80%, though predictions are only made on 69.2% of the patient cohort.
Availability: https://github.com/jseoane/FSMKL
Contact: J.Seoane@bristol.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Perturbations induced by a molecular cloud on the young stellar disc in the Galactic Centre
Authors: Mapelli Michela , Gualandris Alessia , Hayfield Tristen 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Galactic Centre (GC) is a crowded environment: observations have revealed the presence of (molecular, atomic and ionized) gas, a cusp of late-type stars and ∼100 early-type stars, about half of which are lying in one or possibly two discs. In this paper, we study the perturbations exerted on a thin stellar disc (with outer radius ∼0.4 pc) by a molecular cloud that falls towards the GC and is disrupted by the supermassive black hole (SMBH). The initial conditions for the stellar disc were drawn from the results of previous simulations of molecular cloud infall and disruption in the SMBH potential. We find that most of the gas from the disrupted molecular cloud settles into a dense and irregular disc surrounding the SMBH. If the gas disc and the stellar disc are slightly misaligned (∼5°–20°), the precession of the stellar orbits induced by the gas disc significantly increases the inclinations of the stellar orbits (by a factor of ∼3–5 in 1.5 Myr) with respect to the normal vector to the disc. Furthermore, the distribution of orbit inclinations becomes significantly broader. These results might be the clue to explain the broad distribution of observed inclinations of the early-type stars with respect to the normal vector of the main disc. We discuss the implications for the possibility that fresh gas was accreted by the GC after the formation of the disc(s) of early-type stars.
The Global Decline of the Labor Share*
Authors: Karabarbounis Loukas , Neiman Brent 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe stability of the labor share of income is a key foundation in macroeconomic models. We document, however, that the global labor share has significantly declined since the early 1980s, with the decline occurring within the large majority of countries and industries. We show that the decrease in the relative price of investment goods, often attributed to advances in information technology and the computer age, induced firms to shift away from labor and toward capital. The lower price of investment goods explains roughly half of the observed decline in the labor share, even when we allow for other mechanisms influencing factor shares, such as increasing profits, capital-augmenting technology growth, and the changing skill composition of the labor force. We highlight the implications of this explanation for welfare and macroeconomic dynamics.
Linking microhabitat structure, morphology and locomotor performance traits in a recent radiation of dwarf chameleons
Authors: da Silva Jessica M. , Herrel Anthony , Measey G. John , Vanhooydonck Bieke , Tolley Krystal A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryEvidence that morphological traits associated with particular environments are functionally adapted to those environments is a key component to determining the adaptive nature of radiations. Adaptation is often measured by testing how organisms perform in diverse habitats, with performance traits associated with locomotion thought to be among the most ecologically relevant.We therefore explored whether there are relationships between morphology, locomotor performance traits (sprint speed, forefoot and tail grip strength on broad and narrow dowels) and microhabitat use in five phenotypic forms of a recent radiation of dwarf chameleon – theBradypodion melanocephalum–Bradypodion thamnobatesspecies complex – to determine whether morphological differences previously identified between the forms are associated with functional adaptations to their respective habitats, which can be broadly categorized as open or closed‐canopy vegetation.The results showed significant differences in both absolute and relative performance values between the phenotypic forms. Absolute performance suggests there are two phenotypic groups – strong (B. thamnobatesand TypeB) and weak (B. melanocephalumand Types A and C). Relative performance differences highlighted the significance of forefoot grip strength among these chameleons, with the closed‐canopy forms (B. thamnobates, Types B and C) exceeding their open‐canopy counterparts (B. melanocephalum, Type A). Little to no differences were detected between forms with respect to sprint speed and tail strength. These results indicate that strong selection is acting upon forefoot grip strength and has resulted in morphological adaptations that enable each phenotypic form to conform with the demands of its habitat.This study provides evidence for the parallel evolution of forefoot grip strength among dwarf chameleons, consistent with the recognition of open and closed‐canopy ecomorphs within the genusBradypodion.
Lasting effects of snow accumulation on summer performance of large herbivores in alpine ecosystems may not last
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Austrheim Gunnar 
Published: October 2013

Summary

One of the clearest predictions from the IPCC is that we can expect much less snow cover due to global warming in the 21st century, especially in the lower alpine areas. In alpine ecosystems, snow accumulation in depressions gives rise to distinct snow‐bed vegetation types, assumed to play a key role in ecosystem function. A delayed plant phenology yields high‐quality forage in late summer for wild and domestic herbivores. Yet, the mechanistic pathways for how declining snow may affect future performance of large herbivores beyond the effect of phenology remain poorly documented.

Here, we link unique individual‐based data on diet choice, habitat selection and performance of domestic sheep over a 10‐year period to manually GPS‐recorded spatial positions of snow cover in early summer (0·57% to 43·3% in snow beds on 1st of July) in an alpine ecosystem.

Snowy winters gave a higher proportion of easily digestible herbs in the diet and a more variable use of snow‐bed and meadow vegetation types resulting in faster growing lambs. These patterns were consistent between two density treatment levels although slightly more marked for diet at low density, suggesting that effects of simple mitigation efforts such as managing population numbers will be meagre.

Our study thus yields novel insight into the strong impact of melting snow on ecosystem function in alpine habitats, which are likely to affect productivity of both domestic and wild ungulate populations.
Subtype diversity and reassortment potential for co‐circulating avian influenza viruses at a diversity hot spot
Authors: Barton Heather D. , Rohani Pejman , Stallknecht David E. , Brown Justin , Drake John M. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBiological diversity has long been used to measure ecological health. While evidence exists from many ecosystems that declines in host biodiversity may lead to greater risk of disease emergence, the role of pathogen diversity in the emergence process remains poorly understood. Particularly, because a more diverse pool of pathogen types provides more ways in which evolutionary innovations may arise, we suggest that host–pathogen systems with high pathogen diversity are more prone to disease emergence than systems with relatively homogeneous pathogen communities. We call this prediction thediversity‐emergence hypothesis.To show how this hypothesis could be tested, we studied a system comprised of North American shorebirds and their associated low‐pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. These viruses are important as a potential source of genetic innovations in influenza. A theoretical contribution of this study is an expression predicting the rate of viral subtype reassortment to be proportional to both prevalence and Simpson's Index, a formula that has been used traditionally to quantify biodiversity. We then estimated prevalence and subtype diversity in host species at Delaware Bay, a North AmericanAIVhotspot, and used our model to extrapolate from these data.We estimated that 4 to 39 virus subtypes circulated at Delaware Bay each year between 2000 and 2008, and that surveillance coverage (percentage of co‐circulating subtypes collected) at Delaware Bay is only about 63·0%. Simpson's Index in the same period varied more than fourfold from 0·22 to 0·93. These measurements together with the model provide an indirect, model‐based estimate of the reassortment rate. A proper test of the diversity‐emergence hypothesis would require these results to be joined to independent and reliable estimates of reassortment, perhaps obtained through molecular surveillance.These results suggest both that subtype diversity (and therefore reassortment) varies from year to year and that several subtypes contributing to reassortment are going undetected. The similarity between these results and more detailed studies of one host, ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres), further suggests that this species may be the primary host for influenza reassortment atDelawareBay.Biological diversity has long been quantified usingSimpson'sIndex. Our model links this formula to a mechanistic account of reassortment in multipathogen systems in the form of subtype diversity atDelawareBay,USA. As a theory of how pathogen diversity may influence the evolution of novel pathogens, this work is a contribution to the larger project of understanding the connections between biodiversity and disease.