bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comb Construction and Brood Development on Beeswax Foundation Adulterated with Paraffin
Authors: Semkiw Piotr , Skubida Piotr 
Published: June 2013

Summary
In 2010 - 2011 the influence of beeswax foundation adulterated with different percentages of paraffin, on comb construction, brood rearing and bee colonies development was evaluated. Beeswax foundation adulterated with different rate of paraffin (10%, 30%, 50%) was prepared. Each year of the study into 7 experimental bee colonies set in Dadant type bee-hives, the three-frames queen insulators were inserted. Every frame in the insulators had a half of the foundation made from pure beeswax (the control - 0% paraffin) and a second half made from wax adulterated with paraffin (experimental). As a result every colony had an insulator with 3 frames with beeswax foundation with different percentages of paraffin (10 and 0%, 30 and 0%, 50 and 0%). The queens were put in the insulators what stimulated bees to prepare a place for laying eggs, thus, to construct the combs on the foundation.
Paraffin used in our experiment had no negative impact on the bee colonies. Bees drew out the foundation properly, and no destruction was observed. The queens laid eggs on the systematically drawn out comb cells. Brood development was normal and its quality was suitable. The worker bees emerged after 21 days. No case of brood or emerging worker bees death was noted.
Because of the different chemical compositions and purities of the paraffin available on the domestic market, it is impossible to exclude the fact that such paraffin may cause harmful effects on bee colonies.
Exploitation of Rape Flow by Bee Colonies in Stationary and Migratory Apiary
Authors: Teper Dariusz , Skubida Piotr , Semkiw Piotr , Skowronek Wojciech 
Published: June 2013

Summary
The aim of the study conducted in 2009 - 2011 was to estimate the differences in the nectar and pollen oilseed rape flow exploitation by bee colonies kept in the stationary apiary (permanently located on the rape field) and in the migratory apiary. The migratory apiary was transferred to the rape field at the appropriate time and situated on the same area as the stationary apiary. Every study year, 8 bee colonies per apiary, in two apiaries of different types (stationary and migratory apiary), were prepared. The colonies from the migratory apiary were placed on the rape field when about 10% of rape flowers were blooming. During that time, bottom pollen traps were inserted into the hives of both apiaries. The pollen loads were collected every day, separately from each colony. After the end of the flow season, honey was extracted separately from each colony. The honey was weighed and samples were taken for the palynological analysis. The weather conditions were monitored during the whole study period.
The average harvest of pollen loads from one bee colony during one day, was similar in both apiaries. The content of Brassica napus pollen was significantly higher in the pollen loads harvested from the migratory apiary. Despite the fact that the amounts of honey extracted from both apiaries were similar, the microscopic pollen analysis showed significantly higher percentage content of rape pollen in the honey from the migratory apiary. The results confirmed that placing the migratory apiary in the winter rape field at the time when about 10% of flowers were blooming resulted in a better exploitation of the rape flow by the bee colonies from this apiary in comparison to the colonies from the stationary apiary.
The Flowering, Pollen Production, and Insect Visitors in the Ornamental Shrub Potentilla Fruticosa L. (Rosaceae)
Authors: Denisow Bożena , Antoń Sebastian , Szymczak Grażyna 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Urban areas have a specific ecological environment and may help to sustain local pollinator populations by the cultivation of different ornamental plants with entomophilous flowers. This yearlong study examined the flowering pattern, abundance of flowering, pollen production as well as insect visitation of two cultivars of the ornamental shrub Potentilla fruticosa L. (‘Maanleys’ and ‘Blink’), grown in Lublin; a city in south-eastern Poland. P. fruticosa ‘Maanleys’ bloomed from the middle of May to the first decade of September and P. fruticosa ‘Blink’ from June until October. The pattern of diurnal flowering was similar for both cultivars and showed plasticity in the season. Flowers opened most intensively in the morning hours, and 80 - 90% of the daily installment of newly opened flowers expanded by 8.00 h GMT +2h. A delay in the peak of diurnal flowering was noted between the spring/summer and summer/autumn periods. The most intense blooming fell in the 2nd month of flowering. The mass of pollen produced per flower depended on both the number of anthers and the efficiency of archesporial tissues. The pollen output varied from 1.4 to 7.2 mg per 10 flowers (‘Maanleys’) and from 2.6 to 4.5 mg per 10 flowers (‘Blink’). The mass of pollen produced per individual shrub was substantially related to the abundance of blooming. The average estimated pollen productivity in the full flowering phase was low; 1 g (‘Maanleys’) and 1.5 g (‘Blink’) per 10 m2 of shrub crown. The flowers of Potentilla fruticosa attracted numerous insects, mainly solitary bees (33 - 43%), dipterans (31 - 42%), lepidopterans (4 - 14%), bumblebees (3 - 15%), and honey bees (3 - 4%). The Potentilla fruticosa ‘Maanleys’ and ‘Blink’ are propagated for specific ornamental arrangements and due to a long flowering period may be used in small urban courtyards for both decorative value and as a pollen delivering plants.
The Amitraz Strips Efficacy in Control of Varroa Destructor After Many Years Application of Amitraz in Apiaries
Authors: Semkiw Piotr , Skubida Piotr , Pohorecka Krystyna 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Amitraz is a varroacide used the longest (over thirty years) and most commonly by Polish beekeepers. This involves high risk of V. destructor developing amitraz resistance. Therefore it is necessary to monitor the effectiveness of treatments to ensure appropriate protection of the honeybee colonies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of amitraz used as the contact varroacide (Biowar 500 formulation) to control V. destructor in honeybee colonies. Field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012. In both years, the amitraz treatments started in the last weeks of August. Two strips of Biowar 500 (500 mg of amitraz per strip) were inserted into each colony and removed after 8 weeks. The control colonies were left untreated for 8 weeks. After removing the strips the control therapy was conducted in all colonies. The average efficacy of amitraz (E%) calculated for the two years combined, after 6 and 8 weeks of treatment, amounted to 90.6% and 94.6%, respectively. As a result of the natural mortality in the control colonies, the population of parasites lowered only by 16.4% and 23.9% during 6 and 8 weeks. The efficacy of the strips was lower in colonies with larger amount of brood.
Apoptosis Regulation by Inhibitors of Programmed Cell Death
Authors: Marković Danica , Đorđević Vidosava 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Apoptosis is a form of cell death which is important in many physiological processes. Four apoptotic mechanisms have been identified but two have been well examined: the intrinsic and the extrinsic mechanism. Due to many pro/antiapoptotic factors, these processes take place on a physiologically useful level. In cases of apoptosis dysregu lation, illnesses occur such as neurodegenerative diseases combined with an increased level of cell death or cancerogenesis associated with uncontrolled cell proliferation. Apoptosis can be triggered by the activation of the first caspase in a series and stopped by its deactivation, which represents a new challenge: determining the »point of no return«. Besides the antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl 2, Bcl XL), a family of proteins called the Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) play a key role in the regulation of apoptosis. Members of the IAP family are: cIAP1, cIAP2, XIAP, Survivin, Livin and TsIAP. Domain BIR is the most important in the IAP structure since it determines their specificity for caspases. The interaction of IAPs with caspases is complex and not completely understood, however, IAPs are considered to be important target proteins in the therapy of tumor and autoimmune diseases.
Modeling of HgCdTe LWIR detector for high operation temperature conditions
Authors: Martyniuk P. , Gawron W. , Madejczyk P. , Rogalski A. , Piotrowski J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The paper reports on the photoelectrical performance of the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) HgCdTe high operating temperature (HOT) detector. The detector structure was simulated with commercially available software APSYS by Crosslight Inc. taking into account SRH, Auger and tunnelling currents. A detailed analysis of the detector performance such as dark current, detectivity, time response as a function of device architecture and applied bias is performed, pointing out optimal working conditions.
Enhanced Secure Key Exchange Systems Based on the Johnson- Noise Scheme
Authors: Kish Laszlo Bela 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We introduce seven new versions of the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-(like)-Noise (KLJN) classical physical secure key exchange scheme and a new transient protocol for practically-perfect security. While these practical improvements offer progressively enhanced security and/or speed for non-ideal conditions, the fundamental physical laws providing the security remain the same.
In the "intelligent" KLJN (iKLJN) scheme, Alice and Bob utilize the fact that they exactly know not only their own resistor value but also the stochastic time function of their own noise, which they generate before feeding it into the loop. By using this extra information, they can reduce the duration of exchanging a single bit and in this way they achieve not only higher speed but also an enhanced security because Eve’s information will significantly be reduced due to smaller statistics.
In the "multiple" KLJN (MKLJN) system, Alice and Bob have publicly known identical sets of different resistors with a proper, publicly known truth table about the bit-interpretation of their combination. In this new situation, for Eve to succeed, it is not enough to find out which end has the higher resistor. Eve must exactly identify the actual resistor values at both sides.
In the "keyed" KLJN (KKLJN) system, by using secure communication with a formerly shared key, Alice and Bob share a proper time-dependent truth table for the bit-interpretation of the resistor situation for each secure bit exchange step during generating the next key. In this new situation, for Eve to succeed, it is not enough to find out the resistor values at the two ends. Eve must also know the former key.
The remaining four KLJN schemes are the combinations of the above protocols to synergically enhance the security properties. These are: the "intelligent-multiple" (iMKLJN), the "intelligent-keyed" (iKKLJN), the "keyed-multiple" (KMKLJN) and the "intelligent-keyed-multiple" (iKMKLJN) KLJN key exchange systems.
Finally, we introduce a new transient-protocol offering practically-perfect security without privacy amplification, which is not needed in practical applications but it is shown for the sake of ongoing discussions.
Measurements of Shielding Effectiveness of Textile Materials Containing Metal by the Free-Space Transmission Technique with Data Processing in the Time Domain
Authors: Dvurechenskaya Nadezhda , Bajurko Pawe R. , Zieliński Ryszard J. , Yashchyshyn Yevhen 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The results of shielding effectiveness (SE) measurements of textile materials containing metal by the free-space transmission technique (FSTT) in the 1-26.5 GHz frequency range are presented in the paper. It is shown that experimental data processing using time-domain gating (TDG) makes it possible to effectively remove diffracted and reflected components from the desired signal. The comparison with the results obtained by other techniques, namely modified FSTT with TDG and coaxial line probe technique (ASTM D4935-99) is given. The comparison shows that the proposed technique gives more reasonable results while the measurement set-up is simpler in realization.
Bernard Shaw’s Admirable Bashville: Playwright and Prizefighter
Authors: Knijnik Jorge , Petersen Bob 
Published: June 2013

Abstract Bernard Shaw’s little blank-verse play, The Admirable Bashville, or, Constancy Unrewarded is a play where two types of performance, sport and drama, interact on the stage. It was written in 1901 and it was performed three times in London under Shaw's auspices in 1901, in 1904, and in January-February 1909. Its next performance was in Vienna in 1924; then it was performed in Sydney in 1927. Shaw was an enthusiastic admirer of the bare - knuckled art of fighting, though he has written Bashville as a portrait of a period when this art was disapearing to be replaced by the noble art of boxing, under the new Queenberry’s rulling. This essay examines both the play itself, throwing new lights over obscur characters of the play, such as Cetewayo the Black African king, and even over Bashville, the prize-fighter. As copyrights laws of that period did not guarantee Shaw’s rights over his works, the paper shows Shaw’s attempts to keep the copyrights over his work, by performing the play as many times and under any conditions. Under copyright laws he could lose all his rights if the play were performed by other producers beforehand. The Admirable Bashville is a minor play by a major playwright, and Shaw never pretended it was anything more.
Attitudes Toward Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Among Non-competing Athletes in Various Types of Sports – A Cross-sectional Study –
Authors: Singhammer John 
Published: June 2013

Methods
Aims: This study investigated the association between attitudes and intentions to use of anabolic - androgenic - steroids (AAS) between participants in various sports and within sports. Data were derived through a cross - sectional population based survey on 5,010 men and women aged 15 to 60 years. Response - rate was 34%. A combination of postal and web-based questionnaire was used. Data for the present study was restricted to 1,045 males. Results: Prevalence of AAS use was 23 (1.8 %), and 104 (5.3 %) of the respondents had considered AAS - use. On average, respondents that had considered using AAS held more positive attitudes toward AAS - use, compared to respondents without experienced within all types of sports. The biggest difference between considered and non - experienced was observed for Aerobics (1.09 CI, 0.76 - 1.41, R2 = 0.23, p = 0.000). No difference in attitudes to AAS - use between types of sports were observed. Conclusions: Attitudes toward AAS did not vary between types of sports and the level of acceptance was consistently higher among non - competing athletes with intentions to use AAS, regardless of the type of sport. The implication of the observations suggests that preventive actions against AAS use should revolve around individuals suggesting interest in AAS regardless of type of sport.
The perception of the European Union by the farmers of Lubelskie voivodeship: the results of survey-based research
Authors: Maj Hubert 
Published: June 2013

The perception of the European Union by the farmers of Lubelskie voivodeship: the results of survey-based research
The paper presents the results of questionnaire surveys, which were conducted among farmers. Surveys were conducted from May to August 2007 in the eastern part of Poland, in Lubelskie voivodeship. This is the voivodeship, where an agriculture plays significant role in comparison with other regions of the country. Additionally, the lowest support to integration with European Union was noticed in the public referendum. However, according to the questionnaire surveys, the farmers gave bigger support for ratification the Treaty. The results of research answers the question how farmers in Lubelskie voivodeship perceive the European Union 3 years after the access. In addition, we could indicate, which factors cause increase and which one cause decrease in the support for the European Union.
Parathyroid Carcinoma of the Mediastinum
Authors: Peshev Zhivko V. , Borisov Borislav B. , Genova Sylvia N. , Danev Vladimir H. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Parathyroid carcinoma accounts for about 4% of all diseases of the parathyroid glands. It usually presents as a tumor mass in the neck region. Mediastinal parathyroid carcinoma has been reported very rarely.
The present paper reports an ectopic parathyroid carcinoma in the anterior mediastinum in a 54-year male that failed to be recognized antemortem. The markedly elevated serum calcium levels were repeatedly put down to laboratory errors, and the clinical features of primary hyperparathyroidism were misjudged and managed only symptomatically. The terminal cardiogenic shock was associated with myocardial infarction. Coronary plastic surgery was carried out and a stent was placed.
The postmortem examination found a solid elastic tumor mass (4 cm) firmly encapsulated in the upper half of the anterior mediastinum having trabecular structure, mild nuclear and cellular polymorphism, single irregular mitoses and an area of necrosis. The mass invaded the capsule and the surrounding adipose tissue, there were tumor emboli found in the lymph and blood vessels. Immunohistochemical study showed diffuse expression of low molecular weight cytokeratin, chromogranin A and synaptophysin, and more than 20% of the tumor cells were Ki-67 positive. Glycogen granules were found in their cytoplasm. There were clearly seen metastatic calcifications in the intramural coronary vessels, the cardiomyocytes, the kidneys and the lungs.
The present case report contributes considerably to the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia.
A new viscosity-temperature relationship for mineral oil SAE 10W
Authors: Stanciu Ioana 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article proposes four relationships of dynamic viscosity temperature dependence for a nonaddtivated mineral oil. The purpose of this study was to find a polynomial or exponential dependence between temperature and dynamic viscosity of mineral oil, using the Andrade equation changes. Equation constants A, B, C and D were determined by fitting polynomial or exponential.
L'invocation anthropologique dans le débat éthique contemporain
Authors: Lemoine Laurent 
Published: June 2013

La référence à l’anthropologie faite par l’épiscopat français dans le cadre de la controverse sur le « mariage pour tous » est assez nouvelle et stimulante. Reste à savoir de quelle anthropologie on parle et comment en user sans annexion ? Une question qui vaut aussi pour la psychanalyse ou la sociologie. Le dialogue passe plus par la confrontation des expériences que par celle des doctrines. La refonte d’une vraie théologie pastorale pour aujourd’hui demeure le défi.
Les députés des Églises réformées à la cour en 1561-1562
Authors: Benedict Philip , Fornerod Nicolas 
Published: June 2013

Du printemps 1561 à mars 1562, les Églises réformées de France furent représentées à la cour par des députés, pouvant atteindre le nombre de vingt, envoyés des provinces pour défendre et faire progresser les intérêts du parti protestant. Travaillant de pair avec les grands seigneurs protestants et les ministres les plus éminents qui se trouvaient alors à Paris et à la cour, ces « solliciteurs », principalement des avocats et des membres de la noblesse seconde, se réunirent ensemble pour coordonner leurs actions, prirent une part importante à l’organisation du colloque de Poissy, dirigèrent les remarquables campagnes de pétition entreprises par les Églises, envoyèrent vers les provinces des directives afin de répondre aux principaux édits royaux concernant la religion, et prirent la parole à la cour au nom de la cause protestante. Malgré leur rôle important dans les événements décisifs de 1561-1562, ces députés n’ont guère été remarqués et encore moins étudiés par les historiens. Cet article dresse le portrait collectif de ce groupe et met en évidence ses activités pendant ces années. Un appendice fournit la biographie sommaire de chacun de ces personnages importants, mais méconnus, identifiés par les auteurs.
Ultra-Widefield Imaging for the Management of Pediatric Retinal Diseases
Authors: Kang Kai B. , Wessel Matthew M. , Tong Jianping , D’Amico Donald J. , Chan R. V. Paul 
Published: June 2013

Purpose:
To describe the utility of using ultra-widefield digital fundus photography and ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA) in the pediatric patient population to evaluate peripheral retinal pathology and to manage Coats’ disease and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).

Methods:
Retrospective review of pediatric retinal patients with FEVR or Coats’ disease who underwent ultra-widefield fundus photography and UWFA.

Results:
Eight patients were included in this case series. Five patients had the clinical diagnosis of FEVR, and two eyes of two patients with FEVR received UWFA-guided laser photocoagulation. Three patients were diagnosed as having Coats’ disease and received UWFA-guided laser photocoagulation.

Conclusions:
Ultra-widefield fundus photography and UWFA can be used successfully as an outpatient procedure in the pediatric patient population without the necessity of examination under anesthesia and can aid the physician in the documentation and evaluation of peripheral retinal pathology. UWFA can also assist in directing laser photocoagulation in the treatment of pediatric retinal diseases.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50(5):282–288.]
A Ray Tracing Approach to Calculate Toric Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Hoffmann Peter C. , Wahl Jochen , Hütz Werner W. , Preußner Paul-Rolf 
Published: June 2013

PURPOSE:
To quantify the precision of astigmatic correction in routine cataract surgery with toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) and to evaluate the predictability of keratometric and anterior/posterior topographic measurement for the improvement of the overall accuracy.

METHODS:
Seventy-eight eyes of 56 patients were implanted with toric IOLs. Data acquired by the Lenstar optical biometer (Haag-Streit, Bern, Switzerland) and TMS5 topography (Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) were processed with the ray tracing software Okulix (Tedics, Dortmund, Germany) to predict the residual refraction. Four different inputs were examined: keratometry only, anterior topography, anterior and posterior topography/ tomography, and combination of keratometry only and anterior and posterior topography/tomography. Four weeks postoperatively, the spherical prediction error and the cylindrical prediction error (difference vector between predicted and achieved cylindrical refraction) were determined.

RESULTS:

Mean absolute error of spherical prediction error was 0.27 diopter (D). Cylindrical prediction errors were 0.57 D (keratometry only), 0.56 D (anterior topography), 0.56 D (anterior and posterior topography/ tomography), and 0.50 D (combination of keratometry only and anterior and posterior topography/tomography). Differences between intraocular lens groups were statistically significant (Friedman test,
P
< .05).

CONCLUSION:
The combination of keratometry and anterior and posterior topography/tomography of anterior and posterior surface yielded the best results for toric IOL power calculations.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(6):402–408.]