bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of ethnicity on childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a multiethnic multicenter Canadian cohort
Authors: Levy Deborah M. , Peschken Christine A. , Tucker Lori B. , Chédeville Gaëlle , Huber Adam M. , Pope Janet E. ,   the Canadian Network for Improved Outcomes in SLE 1000 Faces Investigators, Silverman Earl D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of ethnicity and sociodemographic factors on disease characteristics of the Canadian pediatric lupus population.MethodsChildhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients at 4 pediatric centers in Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver were consecutively recruited. Sociodemographics and disease data were collected. Patients were categorized by their primary self‐selected ethnicity, and exploratory cluster analyses were examined for disease expression by ethnicity.ResultsWe enrolled 213 childhood‐onset SLE patients, and ethnicity data were available for 206 patients: white (31%), Asian (30%), South Asian (15%), black (10%), Latino/Hispanic (4%), Aboriginal (4%), and Arab/Middle Eastern (3%). The frequency of clinical classification criteria (malar rash, arthritis, serositis, and renal disease) and autoantibodies significantly differed among ethnicities. Medications were prescribed equally across ethnicities: 76% were taking prednisone, 86% antimalarials, and 56% required additional immunosuppressants. Cluster analysis partitioned into 3 main groups: mild (n = 50), moderate (n = 82), and severe (n = 68) disease clusters. Only 20% of white patients were in the severe cluster compared to 51% of Asian and 41% of black patients (P = 0.03). However, disease activity indices and damage scores were similar across ethnicities.ConclusionCanadian childhood‐onset SLE patients reflect our multiethnic population, with differences in disease manifestations, autoantibody profiles, and severity of disease expression by ethnicity.
Disease activity and fatigue in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Ringold Sarah , Ward Teresa M. , Wallace Carol A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between parent/proxy‐ and child‐reported fatigue and disease activity in children with polyarticular, extended oligoarticular, and persistent oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsWe enrolled a cross‐sectional cohort of 309 children recruited from the Seattle Children's Hospital rheumatology clinic from 2009–2011. Parents and children completed the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scales. The parent/proxy, child, and/or physician provided additional disease activity data at each clinic visit, including active joint count, pain, and the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (C‐HAQ). Disease activity was dichotomized as active or inactive using the American College of Rheumatology provisional criteria for clinically inactive disease. The Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS) was also calculated. Linear regression was used to examine the associations between fatigue and disease activity.ResultsAssociations among fatigue, clinically inactive disease, and the JADAS were not statistically significant after controlling for pain. In the multivariable models of fatigue, the C‐HAQ and parent/child‐reported disease activity were significantly associated with fatigue; however, only the C‐HAQ remained significantly associated after adjustment for pain. The C‐HAQ and parent/child‐reported disease activity explained 17% and 30% of the variance in fatigue for the parent/proxy‐ and child‐reported multivariable models, respectively.ConclusionIn this cohort, functional ability, as measured by the C‐HAQ, was significantly associated with fatigue. Child‐ and parent/proxy‐reported pain were important confounders of the relationship between fatigue and disease activity. Routinely incorporating pain and fatigue into interventional and observational trials of JIA will enable better delineation of the relationships between these variables.
Perception and presentation of function in patients with unilateral versus bilateral knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Marmon Adam R. , Zeni Joseph A. , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveLower extremity functional performance and perception of functional abilities influence clinical management in people diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences in perception of function and performance during functional tasks between individuals with unilateral and bilateral knee OA.MethodsThe functional abilities of patients with symptomatic and radiographic diagnosed unilateral (n = 84) or bilateral (n = 68) knee OA were evaluated with self‐report measures and performance‐based tests. Self‐report measures included the Knee Outcome Survey, the Global Rating Scale, and the physical component of the Short Form 36 health survey; functional tests included the Timed Up‐and‐Go Test, the Stair Climbing Test, and the 6‐Minute Walk Test. Multivariate analyses of variance were performed separately for men and women to determine if perception (self‐report measures) and performance (functional tests) were dependent on the number of involved knees.ResultsNo significant main effects were observed in functional performance between groups for either sex. Similarly, the perception measures did not differ between groups. In general, individuals diagnosed with unilateral and bilateral knee OA both performed functional tasks and perceived their functional ability similarly.ConclusionRegardless of the number of involved knees, individuals with knee OA perform and perceive their functional ability similarly, which suggests that clinicians need to consider other factors, such as how long the disease has been progressing or how functional abilities have changed, when treating patients with knee OA.
Risk Factors for Progression in Hand Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kwok W. Y. , Plevier J. W. M. , Rosendaal F. R. , Huizinga T. W. J. , Kloppenburg M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the risk factors for progression of hand osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsIn a systematic review of cohort studies, medical literature databases were searched up to May 2012 for articles reporting data on the association between risk factors and hand OA progression. The quality of these studies was assessed by 2 independent reviewers using a criteria scoring system of 16 items, and studies were dichotomized into those with scores of 69% or over and those with scores under 69%. Best evidence synthesis was used to determine the level of evidence per risk factor.ResultsIn total, 14 articles that fulfilled the selection criteria were included, of which 8 were high quality. The most frequently investigated risk factors were age, sex, radiographic features (e.g., erosive OA), and scintigraphy. Progression was mostly defined by radiographic criteria, but also clinical progression as an outcome was described. Most of the investigated risk factors showed limited or inconclusive evidence for an association with hand OA progression. Limited evidence according to the best evidence synthesis with most available studies was present for the association between a positive scintigraphic scan and radiographic progression (up to 2.8 times more progression than negative joints).ConclusionLimited evidence is available for a positive association between an abnormal scintigraphic scan and radiographic hand OA progression. These data suggest that a positive scintigraphic scan as an inclusion criterion for studies that aim to show structural modification can increase the power of such studies. Future longitudinal studies with a well‐defined baseline population are needed to search for risk factors of hand OA progression.
Congenital high airway obstruction sequence (CHAOS): A new case and a review of phenotypic features
Authors: Sanford Erica , Saadai Payam , Lee Hanmin , Slavotinek Anne 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCongenital high airway obstruction sequence (CHAOS) has traditionally been defined as airway obstruction with ultrasound evidence of distal airway dilatation, expanded lungs, ascites, and hydrops. It can result from aplasia or intrinsic obstruction to the formation of the upper airway (larynx and trachea) during development. CHAOS is commonly sporadic and there is no known causative gene. In this comprehensive review on CHAOS, we examined 117 reported cases of this sequence and describe a new case. Malformations in addition to high airway obstruction were present in 64/118 (54.2%) of patients. The most frequent anomalies affected the digits and musculoskeletal system, but there was no distinct phenotype or characteristic dysmorphic appearance associated with CHAOS. The ex utero intrapartum therapy (EXIT) procedure has greatly improved survival for these patients and 36/118 (30.5%) were alive at the time of reporting. Only 2 patients out of 12 who underwent laryngotracheoplasty were tracheostomy‐free at the time of their reporting. Six out of 13 were able to produce some speech. Our review provides valuable information on associated anomalies and survival in this complex sequence. The phenotypic variability seen in this review of patients makes it likely that the causes of CHAOS are genetically heterogeneous. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1.15 Mb microdeletion in chromosome band 20p13 associated with moderate developmental delay—Additional case and data's review
Authors: Jezela‐Stanek Aleksandra , Kucharczyk Marzena , Pelc Magdalena , Gutkowska Anna , Krajewska‐Walasek Małgorzata 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe report on a 9‐year‐old girl with subtelomeric 20p microdeletion. She was referred for genetic counseling because of learning difficulties/school problems. During the evaluation short stature, hypoplastic fingernails, submucous cleft palate with cleft uvula, flat feet, and frequent upper respiratory infections, as well as the large fontanelle after birth were observed. No facial dysmorphic features specific for chromosomal aberrations were present. The diagnosis of deletion of 20p13 was established by MLPA, and delineated by arrayCGH. Our report describes the third individual with this approximate deletion, and presents detailed molecular and phenotypic characteristics providing new data supporting future genotype–phenotype study. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Erratum: Association of CRHR1 and CRHR2 with major depressive disorder and panic disorder in a Japanese population
Authors: Ishitobi Yoshinobu , Nakayama Shinya , Yamaguchi Kana , Kanehisa Masayuki , Higuma Haruka , Maruyama Yoshihiro , Ninomiya Taiga , Okamoto Shizuko , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Tsuru Jusen , Hanada Hiroaki , Isogawa Koichi , Akiyoshi Jotaro 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and panic disorder (PD) are common and disabling medical disorders with stress and genetic components. Dysregulation of the stress response of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, including the corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) signaling via primary receptors (CRHR1 and CRHR2), is considered to play a major role for onset and recurrence in MDD and PD. To confirm the association of CRHR1 and CRHR2 with MDD and PD, we investigated 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4076452, rs7209436, rs110402, rs242924, rs242940, and rs173365 for CRHR1 and rs4722999, rs3779250, rs2267710, rs1076292, rs2284217, and rs226771 for CRHR2) in MDD patients (n = 173), PD patients (n = 180), and healthy controls (n = 285). The SNP rs110402 and rs242924 in the CRHR1 gene and the rs3779250 in the CRHR2 gene were associated with MDD. The SNP rs242924 in the CRHR1 gene was also associated with PD. The T–A–T–G–G haplotype consisting of rs7209436 and rs173365 in CRHR1 was positively associated with MDD. The T–A haplotype consisting of rs7209436 and rs110402 in CRHR1 was positively associated with MDD. The C–C haplotype consisting of rs4722999 and rs3779250 in CRHR2 was associated with PD. These results provide support for an association of CRHR1 and CRHR2 with MDD and PD. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative study of regional homogeneity in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder
Authors: Chen Jun , Xu Yong , Zhang Kerang , Liu Zhifen , Xu Cheng , Shen Yan , Xu Qi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCompelling evidence suggests that there is a considerable overlap in structural and functional alternation in the brain between different neuropsychiatric disorders. However, whether these overlaps are specific for schizophrenia has yet to be investigated. A total of 36 patients with paranoid schizophrenia, 43 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 44 healthy controls were recruited to undergo resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) for analysis of regional homogeneity (ReHo). Twelve regions of interest (ROIs) in the frontal and temporal lobes were generated and one‐way ANOVA was performed to test the ReHo differences within these ROIs between the above three groups. The ReHo values within ROIs were extracted to investigate whether a left‐right asymmetry existed in a mental disorder. One‐way ANOVA showed significant differences in ReHo in the right superior frontal gyrus and left superior temporal gyrus; post hoc analysis revealed that schizophrenic patients had lower ReHo in the left superior temporal gyrus than either control subjects or patients with MDD. Increased ReHo was observed in the right superior frontal gyrus in schizophrenic patients compared with control subjects, and a left‐less‐than‐right asymmetry was also found in this region in schizophrenic patients. The above alterations in ReHo were not affected by age and genders. Our study suggests that the altered ReHo in the superior frontal and temporal gyrus may be specific for schizophrenia rather than MDD. A left‐less‐than‐right asymmetry activation pattern may exist in the resting‐state superior frontal gyrus in schizophrenia. This finding would be helpful for better understanding the pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
External Regulation of Controlled Polymerizations
Authors: Leibfarth Frank A. , Mattson Kaila M. , Fors Brett P. , Collins Hazel A. , Hawker Craig J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPolymer chemists, through advances in controlled polymerization techniques and reliable post‐functionalization methods, now have the tools to create materials of almost infinite variety and architecture. Many relevant challenges in materials science, however, require not only functional polymers but also on‐demand access to the properties and performance they provide. The power of such temporal and spatial control of polymerization can be found in nature, where the production of proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides helps regulate multicomponent systems and maintain homeostasis. Here we review existing strategies for temporal control of polymerizations through external stimuli including chemical reagents, applied voltage, light, and mechanical force. Recent work illustrates the considerable potential for this emerging field and provides a coherent vision and set of criteria for pursuing future strategies for regulating controlled polymerizations.
Embryotoxicity of Psoralea corylifolia L.: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies
Authors: Xu Min , Tian Xiao Y. , Leung Kelvin S.‐Y. , Lee Kam C. , Chow Tak C. , Deng Bin , Yiu Chi M. , Chow Chi I. , Zhao Zhong Z. , Yang Zhi J. , Fun Fong W. , Xiao Ting T. , Xu Wei , Deng Ping X. 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUNDPsoralea corylifolia L. (PC) was commonly used to treat miscarriages clinically. The aim of this study was to examine its embryotoxicity in mice and embryonic stem cells (ESCs).METHODSQuality control of PC extract including reference marker compounds, pesticide residues, and heavy metals was authenticated with HPLC, Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Pregnant mice were randomly assigned into five groups and dosed with distilled water (G1), PC extract of 2 (G2), 4 (G3), or 8 g/kg/day (G4), and vitamin A (G5). Meanwhile, half maximal inhibitory concentration values for ESCs and 3T3 cells were identified in a cytotoxicity assay, and apoptosis in neuroepithelium was assessed by transmission electron microscopy.RESULTSIn the G4 group, a statistically significant decrease in the total fetus, live fetus, and gravid uterine weight, and increase in the resorbed fetus, postimplantation loss, and neuroepithelial apoptosis as well as maternal liver‐weight were found (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSPC extracts at 8 g/kg/day might cause fetal toxicity and maternal liver damage in mice, although it did not cause typical malformation and ESC's cytotoxicity in this experiment. Our data suggested that high dosage and long‐term administration of PC preparations may not be safe for pregnant women.
4,10‐Dibromoanthanthrone as a New Building Block for p‐Type, n‐Type, and Ambipolar π‐Conjugated Materials
Authors: Giguère Jean‐Benoît , Verolet Quentin , Morin Jean‐François 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNew p‐type, n‐type, and ambipolar molecules were synthesized from commercially available 4,10‐dibromoanthanthrone dye. Substitution at the 4,10‐ and 6,12‐positions with different electron‐rich and electron‐poor units allowed the modulation of the optoelectronic properties of the molecules. A bis(dicyanovinylene)‐functionalized compound was also prepared with a reduction potential as low as −50 mV versus Ag+ with a crystalline two‐dimensional lamellar packing arrangement. These characteristics are important prerequisites for air‐stable n‐type organic field‐effect transistor applications.
Hot Water‐Promoted SN1 Solvolysis Reactions of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols
Authors: Xu Zhao‐Bing , Qu Jin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDuring the studies of hydrolysis of epoxides in water, we found that the hydrolysis of (−)‐α‐pinene oxide at 20 °C gave enantiomerically pure trans‐(−)‐sobrerol, whereas the same reaction in water heated at reflux unexpectedly gave a racemic mixture of trans‐ and cis‐sobrerol (trans/cis=6:4). We have examined this remarkable difference in detail and found that hot water, whose behavior is quite different compared with room‐ or high‐temperature water, could promote SN1 solvolysis reactions of allylic alcohols and thus caused the racemization of trans‐(−)‐sobrerol. The effect of reaction temperature, the addition of organic co‐solvent, and the concentration of the solute on the rate of the racemization of trans‐(−)‐sobrerol were further examined to understand the role that hot water played in the reaction. It was proposed that the catalytic effects of hot water are owing to its mild acidic characteristic, thermal activation, high ionizing power, and better solubility of organic reactant. Further investigation showed that the racemization of other chiral allylic/benzylic alcohols could efficiently proceed in hot water.
Management of the unholy trinity diabetes–obesity–hypertension (diabesotension)
Authors: Sharabi Yehonatan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDiabetes, obesity and hypertension are common conditions and their concurrence is more common than would have been expected: 15% of the developed world suffer from the triad of “diabesotension”. The pathophysiology involves characteristic neurohormonal profiles that collectively suggest the consideration of diabesotension as a distinct clinical entity. Diabesotensive patients have double the risk of suffering from the micro and macrovascular complications of each of the conditions alone. Therefore, it is critical to reduce their overall risk and provide them with special attention. Studies have shown that the number needed to treat in diabesotension is lower compared to non‐obese. Appropriate treatment goals should be set. With regards to hypertension, recent clinical trials point to 130‐135/80‐85 mmHg. Lifestyle modifications are critical, therefore DASH and Mediterranean diet should be recommended along with a physical training program. Weight reduction strategies often fail and bariatric surgery should be considered. All antihypertensive drug‐classes are adequate to treat uncomplicated diabesotension and it is not mandatory to include RAAS blockers as first‐line therapy. However, as second line, for high risk patients and patients with nephropathy – a RAAS blocker is indicated. Combination therapy is almost always prescribed in the course of the disease. In the absence of compelling indications, a RAAS blocker with a calcium‐channels blocker is preferred as it provides benefits beyond blood pressure control. Resistant hypertension is common, and secondary causes should be looked for, particularly sleep apnea. A novel procedure such as renal denervation is a promising option due to its antihypertensive and metabolic benefits.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Areneruthenium(II) Complexes Containing Bispyrazolylmethane Ligands: Effect of the Ligand Substituents on the Formation of an Isomer and on the Fluxional Behaviour
Authors: Carrión M. Carmen , Sepúlveda Francisco , Jalón Félix A. , Manzano Blanca R. , Rodríguez Ana M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRuthenium derivatives of the type [RuCl(arene)(NN)][BPh4] (arene = benzene, 1; p‐cymene, 2) with NN = 2‐methoxyphenyl‐bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (bpz*mArOCH3) have been synthesized and characterized. Two isomers were formed for both complexes and in each case the aryl ring was bonded to the methynic carbon with an axial disposition in the metallacycle. In the complexes either the chloro ligand (isomer A) or the arene (isomer B′) is oriented towards the pyrazolyl rings. Isomer B′ is reported here for the first time for these types of derivatives. The structure of 1 was determined by X‐ray diffraction and corresponds to isomer A. The fluxional behaviour of the new derivatives, along with that of other compounds previously synthesized by us that contain similar ligands, has been studied to evaluate the influence of the substitution in the pyrazolyl groups and in the aryl substituent of the central methynic carbon. Restricted rotation of the rings was found in complexes 1 and 2 and atropisomers were detected at low temperature. Complexes 1 and 2 were active precursors for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of benzophenone with 2‐propanol as the hydrogen source in the presence of base and also under base‐free conditions. The results were compared with those obtained for other related derivatives. It was concluded that the simultaneous presence of the methyl and methoxy groups on the pyrazolyl and aryl rings, respectively, gives rise to worse results for the reactions with a base but an improvement was found for the reactions carried out in the absence of base.
A Polyoxometalate Containing Circular {P5W30} Units and Cubic {Cu4} Clusters
Authors: Huang Ling , Cheng Lin , Wang Sa‐Sa , Fang Wei‐Hui , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA polyoxometalate (POM) based on the assembly of [P5W30O110]15– ({P5W30}) units and copper ions, {(H5P5W30O110)2[(en)4Cu4(μ3‐OH)3(μ‐H2O)]2}[Cu(en)2]4[Cu(H2O)3]·12H2O (en = ethylenediamine) (1), has been made under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and power XRD; saturated {P5W30} was used as the precursor to make the new POM. POM 1 is the first 3D {P5W30}‐based POM linked by late transition metal copper complex ions, and it also features the rarely seen linkages of the saturated {P5W30} units and [Cu4(μ3‐OH)3(μ‐H2O)] ({Cu4}) clusters. In the structure of 1, the {P5W30} units and {Cu4} clusters are alternately linked to form dimeric units and are further connected by two kinds of [Cu(en)2]2+ complex bridges, which results in the 3D framework.