bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subordination and information status
Authors: McGloin Naomi H. 
Published: May 2014

This paper examines one type of subordinate construction in Japanese, namely, complement clauses, in particular those where two different complementizers, to and koto, are interchangeable. Despite the general notion that main clauses code foreground information (or express a main assertion) while subordinate clauses code background information (or less profiled information), our examination shows that some subordinate clauses do code more important foreground information. Subordinate clauses are not by any means a unitary category; they display differing degrees of subordination. My goals, therefore, are to delineate differences between the two complementizer uses, and to show that clauses with to and koto present differing degrees of subordination, and that there is a correlation between degree of subordination and information status.
Quasar-Lyman α forest cross-correlation from BOSS DR11: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
Authors: Font-Ribera Andreu , Kirkby David , Busca Nicolas , Miralda-Escudé Jordi , Ross Nicholas P. , Slosar Anže , Rich James , Aubourg Éric , Bailey Stephen , Bhardwaj Vaishali , Bautista Julian , Beutler Florian , Bizyaev Dmitry , Blomqvist Michael , Brewington Howard , Brinkmann Jon , Brownstein Joel R. , Carithers Bill , Dawson Kyle S. , Delubac Timothée , Ebelke Garrett , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Ge Jian , Kinemuchi Karen , Lee Khee-Gan , Malanushenko Viktor , Malanushenko Elena , Marchante Moses , Margala Daniel , Muna Demitri , Myers Adam D. , Noterdaeme Pasquier , Oravetz Daniel , Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie , Pâris Isabelle , Petitjean Patrick , Pieri Matthew M. , Rossi Graziano , Schneider Donald P. , Simmons Audrey , Viel Matteo , Yeche Christophe , York Donald G. 
Published: May 2014

We measure the large-scale cross-correlation of quasars with the Lyα forest absorption, using over 164,000 quasars from Data Release 11 of the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. We extend the previous study of roughly 60,000 quasars from Data Release 9 to larger separations, allowing a measurement of the Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) scale along the line of sightc/(H(z= 2.36)rs) = 9.0±0.3 and across the line of sightDA(z= 2.36)/rs= 10.8±0.4, consistent with CMB and other BAO data. Using the best fit value of the sound horizon from Planck data (rs= 147.49 Mpc), we can translate these results to a measurement of the Hubble parameter ofH(z= 2.36) = 226±8 km s−1 Mpc−1and of the angular diameter distance ofDA(z= 2.36) = 1590±60 Mpc. The measured cross-correlation function and an update of the code to fit the BAO scale (baofit) are made publicly available.
Neoliberalism and the Equality Act 2010: A Missed Opportunity for Gender Justice?
Authors: Burton Becci 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The pursuit of gender equality in the UK has been a prominent concern in recent years. Notwithstanding several advances in this area, the current situation is clearly unsatisfactory. This essay aims to assess the extent to which the Equality Act 2010 can improve the situation and finally contribute to achieving gender equality in our society. As a child of the New Labour era, the Equality Act is evaluated in light of two features of New Labour ideology that betray its neoliberal roots: the centrality of market values and the conflation of moral responsibility with rational action. Further, the legacy of the subsequent Conservative-led Coalition Government is considered. This essay also uses the work of Nancy Fraser to draw parallels between the problems posed for feminism by neoliberal capitalism and the failings of the Equality Act. Thus, it is shown that neoliberalism has prevented the Act from having a genuinely transformative effect. Fraser's thesis also lays the groundwork for developing a more effective equality strategy for the future. Ultimately, this will require feminism to mount an attack on neoliberalism by reuniting the three strands of gender justice—redistribution, recognition and representation.
The Type Ia supernovae rate with Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey
Authors: Okumura Jun E. , Ihara Yutaka , Doi Mamoru , Morokuma Tomoki , Pain Reynald , Totani Tomonori , Barbary Kyle , Takanashi Naohiro , Yasuda Naoki , Aldering Greg , Dawson Kyle , Goldhaber Gerson , Hook Isobel , Lidman Chris , Perlmutter Saul , Spadafora Anthony , Suzuki Nao , Wang Lifan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We present measurements of the rates of high-redshift Type Ia supernovae derived from the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). We carried out repeated deep imaging observations with Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope, and detected 1040 variable objects over 0.918 deg2 in the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field. From the imaging observations, light curves in the observed i ′ band are constructed for all objects, and we fit the observed light curves with template light curves. Out of the 1040 variable objects detected by the SXDS, 39 objects over the redshift range 0.2 &lt; z &lt; 1.4 are classified as Type Ia supernovae using the light curves. These are among the most distant SN Ia rate measurements to date. We find that the Type Ia supernova rates increase up to z ∼ 0.8 and may then flatten at higher redshift. The rates can be fitted by a simple power law, rV(z) = r0(1 + z)α with $r_0=0.20^{+0.52}_{-0.16}$(stat.)$^{+0.26}_{-0.07}$(syst.) × 10−4 yr−1 Mpc−3, and $\alpha =2.04^{+1.84}_{-1.96}$(stat.)$^{+2.11}_{-0.86}$(syst.).
Colon High‐Resolution Manometry
Authors: El‐Chammas Khalil I. , Tipnis Neelesh A. , Simpson Pippa M. , Sood Manu R. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Colon manometry is usually performed using the 8‐pressure sensor water‐perfused manometry system. High‐resolution manometry (HRM), using closely spaced solid‐state pressure recording sensors, provides more detailed information of gut luminal pressure changes, and, by displaying the HRM data as a pressure topography plot (PTP), helps with data interpretation. Our aim was to compare the colon and rectal luminal pressure data obtained using 8 pressure sensors and displayed as conventional line plot (CLP) with data obtained using a custom‐made solid state manometry catheter with 36 pressure recording sensors and displayed as PTP.Methods:We evaluated colon manometry patterns during fasting, response to meal, and bisacodyl stimulation in 10 patients with constipation and stool expulsion disorders. The data from 8 pressure sensors were displayed as CLP and data from 36 pressure sensors as PTP. Two gastroenterologists independently interpreted these studies. We calculated variability in interpreting colon, rectal, and anal manometry data.Results:Intermode, interobserver, and intraobserver reliability were good to excellent for recognizing colon contraction patterns when data are displayed as PTP compared with when displayed as CLP, whereas the reliability for recognizing anal contractions were poor to excellent.Conclusions:Colonic and anal manometry patterns are easily recognized when HRM data are expressed as PTP. Obtaining information of colonic luminal pressure changes with rectum and anal pressure changes using HRM can help better understand the pathophysiology of pediatric constipation and stool expulsion disorders.
Bi-objective optimization of induction machine using interval-based interactive algorithms
Authors: Samarkanov Dmitry , Gillon Frédéric , Brochet Pascal , Laloy Daniel 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Discrete highly constrained optimization of induction machine taking into consideration two objective functions: efficiency and total costs of production. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Interactive and semi-interactive interval-based optimization methods were used. Two concepts of multi-objective discrete optimization were proposed.

Findings
– Proposed methodology and algorithms allow decision maker (DM) participate in the process of optimal design and therefore decrease the total time of optimization process. The search procedure is straightforward and it does not require special skills of DM. Presented methods were successfully versified for the problem of optimal design with discrete variables.

Research limitations/implications
– Three interval algorithms suitable for inverse problems are researched and verified. It generally can be used for multi-objective problems. The dominance principles for interval boxes are showed in the paper. Proposed algorithms are based on the idea of hybridization of exact and evolutionary methods.

Practical implications
– Proposed approaches were successfully implemented within computer-aided application which is used by manufacturer of high power induction machine.

Originality/value
– The concept of pareto-domination using the interval boxes can be treated as original. The paper researched several elimination rules and discusses the difference between different approaches.
Developmental pathways to smoking cessation
Authors: Sohlberg Tove , Wennberg Peter 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– To a great extent research about smoking cessation has focussed on effects from different support programs and means, in spite of that several studies have shown that over 90 percent quit smoking without such help. Factors that are important for the individual in the process from being a smoker to becoming smoke-free is less examined and also how these factors interact. The purpose of this paper is to describe typical careers or pathways that end up with a successful smoking cessation.Design/methodology/approach– Respondents were recruited during Oct 2009-May 2010 via screening-questions in the so-called Monitor – project. By the turn of each month 1,500 individuals, aged 16-84, from a representative sample in the Swedish population, were interviewed via telephone. Respondents who stated being previous daily smokers, but smoke-free for at least 12 months, and agreed to participate were asked to answer a postal survey (n=1,683) concerning their process to a smoke-free life. The analyses of data included the linking of individuals between different states in the stages toward becoming smoke-free.Findings– Several typical pathways were described and respondents with more severe smoking habits followed different pathways than individuals with milder problems. Nicotine replacement therapys or Swedish smoke-free tobacco was not found to be a component in any of the typical pathways.Originality/value– Smoking cessation is a heterogeneous phenomenon and individuals can follow several pathways to become smoke-free, therefore this study adds to a more nuanced picture of smoking cessation and also expands the knowledge concerning smoking cessation in individual long-term processes.
Is there a right time for corporate investment?
Authors: Maung Min , H. Chowdhury Reza 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine whether corporate investment in real fixed assets in hot issue markets leads to higher income to shareholders than that in other equity market conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors address the research question in two steps: first, the authors identify how security issuances in hot and cold issue markets influence corporate investment decisions. Second, the authors examine how debt- and equity-financed investments in two different market conditions affect future holding period returns. The sample includes an unbalanced panel data set consisting of all non-financial and non-utility US companies from 1973 to 2006. The authors apply both firm- and industry-level fixed effect methods to estimate the coefficients of two separate empirical models.

Findings
– The authors find that equity issuances increase firms' capital investments in hot issue markets. These equity-financed investments in hot equity markets result in higher returns to shareholders compared to those in other market conditions. Therefore, there exists a window of opportunity for firms to issue new equities and make investments, which in turn improve shareholders' wealth.

Practical implications
– The findings convey a critical message to corporate managers about the right timing of equity-financed capital investments.

Originality/value
– While earlier research focuses on determining a specific equity market condition that favours new issuances, this paper determines a particular equity market condition when firms typically choose value-enhancing equity-backed projects for investment.
In Vitro Generation of Atrioventricular Heart Valve Neoscaffolds
Authors: Weymann Alexander , Radovits Tamás , Schmack Bastian , Li Shiliang , Korkmaz Sevil , Soós Pál , Istók Roland , Veres Gabor , Chaimow Nicole , Karck Matthias , Szabó Gábor 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTissue engineering of cardiovascular structures represents a novel approach to improve clinical strategies in heart valve disease treatment. The aim of this study was to engineer decellularized atrioventricular heart valve neoscaffolds with an intact ultrastructure and to reseed them with umbilical cord‐derived endothelial cells under physiological conditions in a bioreactor environment. Mitral (n = 38) and tricuspid (n = 36) valves were harvested from 40 hearts of German Landrace swine from a selected abattoir. Decellularization of atrioventricular heart valves was achieved by a detergent‐based cell extraction protocol. Evaluation of the decellularization method was conducted with light microscopy and quantitative analysis of collagen and elastin content. The presence of residual DNA within the decellularized atrioventricular heart valves was determined with spectrophotometric quantification. The described decellularization regime produced full removal of native cells while maintaining the mechanical stability and the quantitative composition of the atrioventricular heart valve neoscaffolds. The surface of the xenogeneic matrix could be successfully reseeded with in vitro‐expanded human umbilical cord‐derived endothelial cells under physiological flow conditions. After complete decellularization with the detergent‐based protocol described here, physiological reseeding of the xenogeneic neoscaffolds resulted in the formation of a confluent layer of human umbilical cord‐derived endothelial cells. These results warrant further research toward the generation of atrioventricular heart valve neoscaffolds on the basis of decellularized xenogeneic tissue.
Heart rate passivity of cerebral tissue oxygenation is associated with predictors of poor outcome in preterm infants
Authors: Mitra S , Czosnyka M , Smielewski P , O'Reilly H , Brady K , Austin T 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimNear‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) allow non‐invasive assessment of cerebral haemodynamics. We assessed cerebrovascular reactivity in preterm infants by investigating the relationship between NIRS‐ and TCD‐derived indices and correlating them with severity of clinical illness.MethodsWe recorded the NIRS‐derived cerebral tissue oxygenation index (TOI) and TCD‐derived flow velocity (Fv), along with other physiological variables. Moving correlation coefficients between measurements of cerebral perfusion (TOI, Fv) and heart rate were calculated. We presumed that positivity of these correlation coefficients – tissue oxygenation heart rate reactivity index (TOHRx) and flow velocity heart rate reactivity index (FvHRx) – would indicate a direct relationship between cerebral perfusion and cardiac output representing impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation.ResultsWe studied 31 preterm infants at a median age of 2 days, born at a median gestational age of 26 + 1 weeks. TOHRx was significantly correlated with gestational age (R = −0.57, p = 0.007), birth weight (R = −0.58, p = 0.006) and the Clinical Risk Index for Babies II (R = 0.55, p = 0.0014). TOHRx and FvHRx were significantly correlated (R = 0.39, p = 0.028).ConclusionHeart rate has a key influence on cerebral haemodynamics in preterm infants, and TOHRx may be of diagnostic value in identifying impaired cerebrovascular reactivity leading to adverse clinical outcome.
Relationship of climatic conditions to fecal corticosterone levels of captive cheetahs reared in Japan
Authors: Uetake Katsuji , Une Yumi , Ito Shu , Yamabe Marino , Toyoda Hideto , Tanaka Toshio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo assess the stress level of cheetahs reared in Japan and to identify the prime components of the climatic conditions that affect their thermal stress, fecal corticosterone was monitored for 8 months from May to the following January. A total of 203 fecal samples were gathered in the morning from seven adult cheetahs that were kept at a zoological garden in Wakayama, Japan. Cheetahs were on exhibit singly or together with a harmonious conspecific during the day, but housed singly at night. Although the monthly fluctuation in corticosterone concentrations was not significant, the concentrations were relatively low during the summer season. Individual differences among cheetahs and the interaction effect between individual and month on the corticosterone concentrations were significant. Whereas the corticosterone concentrations negatively correlated with air temperature, they were positively correlated with the amount of rainfall. The highest air temperature and the amount of rainfall were extracted as the prime factors affecting corticosterone concentrations. These results suggest that cheetahs reared in Japan are somewhat subjected to thermal stress, particularly on cooler and/or rainy days.
Estimating the effectiveness in HIV prevention trials by incorporating the exposure process: Application to HPTN 035 data
Authors: Zhang Jingyang , Brown Elizabeth R. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryEstimating the effectiveness of a new intervention is usually the primary objective for HIV prevention trials. The Cox proportional hazard model is mainly used to estimate effectiveness by assuming that participants share the same risk under the covariates and the risk is always non‐zero. In fact, the risk is only non‐zero when an exposure event occurs, and participants can have a varying risk to transmit due to varying patterns of exposure events. Therefore, we propose a novel estimate of effectiveness adjusted for the heterogeneity in the magnitude of exposure among the study population, using a latent Poisson process model for the exposure path of each participant. Moreover, our model considers the scenario in which a proportion of participants never experience an exposure event and adopts a zero‐inflated distribution for the rate of the exposure process. We employ a Bayesian estimation approach to estimate the exposure‐adjusted effectiveness eliciting the priors from the historical information. Simulation studies are carried out to validate the approach and explore the properties of the estimates. An application example is presented from an HIV prevention trial.
Comparison of two dental implant surface modifications on implants with same macrodesign: an experimental study in the pelvic sheep model
Authors: Ernst Sabrina , Stübinger Stefan , Schüpbach Peter , Sidler Michéle , Klein Karina , Ferguson Stephen J. , von Rechenberg Brigitte 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare two different surfaces of one uniform macro‐implant design in order to focus exclusively on the osseointegration properties after 2, 4 and 8 weeks and to discuss the animal model chosen.Material and methodsIn six mature sheep, n = 36 implants with a highly crystalline and phosphate‐enriched anodized titanium oxide surface (TiU) and n = 36 implants with a hydrophilic, sandblasted, large grit and acid‐etched surface (SLA) were placed in the pelvic bone. TiU implants were custom‐made to match the SLA implant design. The implant stability and bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) were assessed by resonance frequency (ISQ), backscatter scanning electron microscopy (B‐SEM), light microscopy (LM), micro‐CT and intravital fluorochrome staining. Biomechanical removal torque testing was performed.ResultsOverall, no statistically significant differences in BIC total (trabecular + cortical) between TiU and SLA were found via LM and B‐SEM. BIC values (B‐SEM; LM) in both groups revealed a steady rise in trabecular bone attachment to the implant surface after 2, 4 and 8 weeks. In the 2‐ to 4‐week time interval in the TiU group (P = 0.005) as well as in the SLA group (P = 0.01), a statistically significant increase in BIC trabecular could be observed via LM. B‐SEM values confirmed the statistically significant increase for TiU (P = 0.001). In both groups, BIC trabecular values after 8 weeks were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than after 2 weeks (B‐SEM; LM). Biomechanical data confirmed the histological data.ConclusionThe two surfaces proved comparable osseointegration in this sheep model.
Effect of green tea extract and mouthwash without alcohol on Candida albicans biofilm on acrylic resin
Authors: Antunes Débora P. , Salvia Ana Carolina R.D. , de Araújo Rodrigo M. , Di Nicoló Rebeca , Koga Ito Cristiane Y. , de Araujo Maria A.M. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of green tea and the oral antiseptic without alcohol, on Candida albicans biofilm formation to heat‐curing acrylic resin plates.BackgroundCandida is associated with oral candidiasis in poorly cleaned dentures.Material and methodsStandardised specimens of heat‐cured (Conv; n = 30) or microwave‐cured acrylic resin (Mw; n = 30) were obtained and divided into six groups (n = 10): G1 = Conv resin and green tea aqueous extract, G2 = Conv resin and mouthwash, G3 = control of Conv resin, G4 = Mw resin and green tea aqueous extract, G5 = Mw resin and mouthwash and G6 = control of Mw‐cured resin. The specimens were contaminated with 10 ml of Sabouraud dextrose broth inoculated with 0.1 ml of standard suspension containing 1 × 106 cells/ml of C. albicans and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. After this period, they were immersed in the aqueous extract or in mouthwash for 15 min. The control groups were treated with sterile distilled water. Aliquots of 0.1 ml were plated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The numbers of colony‐forming units per test specimen (CFU/TS) were calculated, and the results statistically analysed by two‐way anova and Tukey's tests (5%).ResultsStatistically significant difference was observed for the aqueous extract groups (G1; 33.65%) and mouthwash (G2; 17.06%), when compared to control (G3; 100%), for Conv resin. For the Mw resin, there was significant difference between mouthwash (G5; 43.16%) and control (G6; 100%).ConclusionThe aqueous extract of green tea and mouthwash led to a reduction in the number of viable fungal cells in biofilm formed on acrylic resin.