bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tendon mineralization is accelerated bilaterally and creep of contralateral tendons is increased after unilateral needle injury of murine achilles tendons
Authors: O'Brien Etienne John Ogilvy , Shrive Nigel G. , Rosvold Joshua M. , Thornton Gail M. , Frank Cyril B. , Hart David A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHeterotopic mineralization may result in tendon weakness, but effects on other biomechanical responses have not been reported. We used a needle injury, which accelerates spontaneous mineralization of murine Achilles tendons, to test two hypotheses: that injured tendons would demonstrate altered biomechanical responses; and that unilateral injury would accelerate mineralization bilaterally. Mice underwent left hind (LH) injury (I; n = 11) and were euthanized after 20 weeks along with non‐injured controls (C; n = 9). All hind limbs were examined by micro computed tomography followed by biomechanical testing (I = 7 and C = 6). No differences were found in the biomechanical responses of injured tendons compared with controls. However, the right hind (RH) tendons contralateral to the LH injury exhibited greater static creep strain and total creep strain compared with those LH tendons (p ≤ 0.045) and RH tendons from controls (p ≤ 0.043). RH limb lesions of injured mice were three times larger compared with controls (p = 0.030). Therefore, despite extensive mineralization, changes to the responses we measured were limited or absent 20 weeks postinjury. These results also suggest that bilateral occurrence should be considered where tendon mineralization is identified clinically. This experimental system may be useful to study the mechanisms of bilateral new bone formation in tendinopathy and other conditions. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1520–1528, 2013
Humans, megafauna and environmental change in tropical Australia
Authors: BIRD MICHAEL I. , HUTLEY LINDSAY B. , LAWES MICHAEL J. , LLOYD JON , LULY JON G. , RIDD PETER V. , ROBERTS RICHARD G. , ULM SEAN , WURSTER CHRISTOPHER M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTDebate concerning the environmental impact of human arrival in Australia has continued for more than a century. Here we review the evidence for human impact and the mechanisms by which humans may have affected the environment of tropical Australia. We limit our review to tropical Australia because, over three decades ago, it was proposed that the imposition of an anthropogenic fire regime upon human occupation of the Australian continent may have resulted in profound changes in regional vegetation and climate across this region. We conclude that ecological processes and vegetation–fire–climate–human feedbacks do exist that could have driven a significant shift in boundary conditions and ecosystem state at the sub‐continental scale through the sustained imposition of an anthropogenic fire regime over tens of millennia. These potential feedbacks operate through the inhibition of forest expansion both directly, by targeted burning at established forest edges and newly irrupted forest patches, and indirectly, through lengthening of the dry season because of changes to the timing of burning. However, the impact of any such anthropogenic forcing may have been entirely overshadowed by the effects of natural climate change and variability, as well as the generally low nutrient status of Australian soils. A robust assessment of the degree to which the environment of tropical Australia at the large scale has been modified from its ‘natural’ state because of human occupation will require new, coordinated collaborations between indigenous traditional landowners, archaeologists, anthropologists, geochronologists, geoscientists, ecologists, climatologists and modellers.
Single‐source dual‐layer amorphous IGZO thin‐film transistors for display and circuit applications
Authors: Nag Manoj , Chasin Adrian , Rockele Maarten , Steudel Soeren , Myny Kris , Bhoolokam Ajay , Tripathi Ashutosh , van der Putten Bas , Kumar Abhishek , van der Steen Jan‐Laurens , Genoe Jan , Li Flora , Maas Joris , van Veenendaal Erik , Gelinck Gerwin , Heremans Paul 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this study, the authors report on high‐quality amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) based on a single‐source dual‐layer concept processed at temperatures down to 150°C. The dual‐layer concept allows the precise control of local charge carrier densities by varying the O2/Ar gas ratio during sputtering for the bottom and top layers. Therefore, extensive annealing steps after the deposition can be avoided. In addition, the dual‐layer concept is more robust against variation of the oxygen flow in the deposition chamber. The charge carrier density in the TFT channel is namely adjusted by varying the thickness of the two layers whereby the oxygen concentration during deposition is switched only between no oxygen for the bottom layer and very high concentration for the top layer. The dual‐layer TFTs are more stable under bias conditions in comparison with single‐layer TFTs processed at low temperatures. Finally, the applicability of this dual‐layer concept in logic circuitry such as 19‐stage ring oscillators and a TFT backplane on polyethylene naphthalate foil containing a quarter video graphics array active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode display demonstrator is proven.
Thermally cross‐linkable copolymer and its evaluation as a hole transport layer in organic light‐emitting diode devices
Authors: Adhikari Raju , Postma Almar , Li Juo‐Hao , Hirai Tadahiko , Bown Mark , Ueno Kazunori 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study reports on the synthesis of new thermally cross‐linkable copolymers containing a reactive cross‐linking comonomer. Synthesized polymers showed narrow molecular weight distribution (polydispersity) between 1.18 to 1.22 and 54 to 67% monomer conversion and incorporation of 2 to 7 mol% vinylbenzylcyclobutene comonomer. The polymer was soluble in nonpolar organic solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane, toluene, and chlorobenzenes, and when cross‐linked, showed resistance to solubility in the previously listed solvents. The cross‐linked films exhibited uniform surface roughness below 1 nm. A polymer containing ~3.6 mol% vinylbenzylcyclobutene was thermally cross‐linked and evaluated as a hole‐transporting layer in green organic light‐emitting diode devices. The devices showed a maximum current efficiency of 39.5 cd/A at a current density of 2.7 mA/cm2 and a brightness of 1000 cd/m2 with an International Commission on Illumination coordinate (0.33, 0.62). The device performances are found comparable with the ones with the conventional hole‐transporting layer material, NPD.
Comparison of recurrence patterns between ≤5 years and >5 years after curative operations in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Seo Seok In , Lim Seok‐Byung , Yoon Yong Sik , Kim Chan Wook , Yu Chang Sik , Kim Tae Won , Kim Jong Hoon , Kim Jin Cheon 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo identify characteristics of recurrent colorectal cancer in terms of follow‐up periods, that is, ≤5 years and >5 years after curative operationsMethodsThis study enrolled 4,023 patients. Of them, 835 patients showed recurrence after primary curative resection for colorectal cancer. Recurrence occurred ≤5 years (n = 799) or >5 years (n = 36) after curative surgery. Variables and recurrence patterns were compared between the groups.ResultsAmong the 835 patients who experienced recurrence, only 4.3% recurred >5 years after surgery. This group showed lower preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels, more tumors with expanding growth, well‐differentiated histology, and no lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05). In terms of haematogenous metastasis, lung or liver was the most prevalent site in patients who recurred after >5 years or ≤5 years, respectively (P = 0.005). In rectal cancer patients, recurrence patterns revealed the same results. In colon cancer patients, the liver was the most prevalent site in both groups.ConclusionsAfter 5 years of follow‐up, routine surveillance for detecting other malignancies seems to be sufficient. However, the possibility of late (particularly late pulmonary) recurrence should be considered. Radiologic examination to detect pulmonary metastasis should be considered in the follow‐up program. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;108:9–13. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organic Farming Affects C and N in Soils Under Olive Groves in Mediterranean Areas
Authors: Parras‐Alcántara Luis , Díaz‐Jaimes Luisa , Lozano‐García Beatriz 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnder semiarid climatic conditions, intensive tillage increases soil organic matter losses, reduces soil quality, and contributes to climate change due to increased CO2 emissions. There is a need for an agricultural management increasing soil organic matter. This paper presents the organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) stocks, C:N ratio and stratification ratios (SRs) of these properties for olive groves soils under long‐term organic farming (OF), and conventional tillage (CT) in Los Pedroches valley, southern Spain. The results show that OF increased C and N stocks. The soil organic carbon (SOC) stock was 73·6 Mg ha−1 in OF and 54·4 Mg ha−1 in CT; and the total nitrogen (TN) stock was 7·1 Mg ha−1 and 5·8 Mg ha−1 for OF and CT, respectively. In the surface horizon (A: 0–16·9 cm in OF and Ap: 0–21·8 cm in CT) and Bw horizon (16·9–49·6 cm in OF and 21·8–56 cm in CT), SOC and TN concentrations and C:N ratios were higher in OF than in CT. Soil properties stratification in depth, expressed as a ratio, indicates the soil quality under different soil management systems. The SR of SOC ranged from 2·2 to 3·1 in OF and from 2·1 to 2·2 in CT. However, only SR2 (defined by Ap‐A/C) showed significant differences between CT and OF. The SR of TN showed similar trends to that of the SR of SOC. Organic farming contributes to a better soil quality and to increased carbon sequestration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A historical perspective and evolution of our knowledge on the cardinal ligament
Authors: Iancu George , Doumouchtsis Stergios K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsThe objective of our review is to provide a critical appraisal of the literature on the anatomy, structure and roles of cardinal ligaments (CL) in pelvic organ support, in conjunction with the currently evolving evidence based mainly on imaging and biomechanical modeling studies. We aim to contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stimulate new insights in research and development of novel surgical approaches for POP.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus‐Elsevier, and Cochrane Databases were searched in English and German. Studies from 1870 to 2012 were identified. The keywords used were “cardinal ligament,” “transverse cervical ligament,” “Mackenrodt ligament,” “parametrium,” and “paracervix.” Cross check and Google search of the reference lists were used for missing articles.ResultsWe identified 35 related articles. Located at the base of the broad ligament, the CL is a supportive structure that attaches the cervix and upper vagina to the pelvic wall. The ligament contains the uterine vessels and hypogastric plexus. It conducts most of the pelvic loading forces. On MRI, it appears as a web‐like structure around the axis of the internal iliac vessels. Their clinical importance is based on the apical supportive role and lymphatic‐rich structure, involved in dissemination of cervical cancer.ConclusionsThe structure and role of the CL have been long studied, but remained unclear. Recent studies on imaging and biomechanics have improved our understanding and provide new insights which may enable the development of new techniques in prolapse surgery. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:380–386, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cryptanalysis and Improvement of “An Efficient and Secure Dynamic ID‐based Authentication Scheme for Telecare Medical Information Systems”
Authors: Khan Muhammad Khurram , Kumari Saru 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTRecently, telecare medicine information systems (TMIS) have emerged as an effective mechanism to raise quality convenience and availability of healthcare services. User authentication schemes play an important role in solving security problems and grant access to healthcare services only to the authorized users. In 2010, a few authentication schemes were proposed for TMIS. These were based on the concept of static identity. In 2012, Chen et al. proposed a dynamic ID‐based authentication scheme for TMIS, so that the user's identity is not revealed to anyone. However, Chen et al.'s scheme does not involve complex computations like the previous scheme for TMIS, yet it suffers from various security problems. We will show that attackers can not only impersonate the legal participants of the scheme but can also compute the shared session‐key. In fact, it is an attack over the confidential communication between the participants. We will also show other drawbacks, such as password guessing attack, denial‐of‐service attack, immediate replay attack, and incomplete password change phase, present in the scheme. We also demonstrate user anonymity breach in Chen et al.'s scheme. To overcome these problems, we propose an improvement to Chen et al.'s scheme with a different approach. Our approach is aimed at providing an authentication mechanism for TMIS with strong security features. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature Distribution of Electroslag Casting with Liquid Metal Using Current Conductive Ring
Authors: Dong Yanwu , Jiang Zhouhua , Medovar Lev , Stovpchenko Ganna , Zhang Xinfa , Zang Ximin , Deng Xin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractElectroslag casting with liquid metal (ESC LM) using current conductive ring has been developed. This technology is different from classical electroslag remelting (ESR) process. No consumable electrode is needed in the process. Liquid metal after refining is introduced into the mold directly. Current conductive ring instead of consumable electrode is the conductive unit for heating slag pool for the first time. Short collar mold and continuous withdrawal mechanism like continuous casting process are employed in the process. Conductive path of ESC LM process using current conductive ring is transformer → current conductive ring → liquid slag → molten steel → solid ingot → base plate → transformer. A mathematical model of electroslag casting process with liquid metal is developed for understanding the technology. Thermal field, voltage, and current density distributions in the system have been simulated, which are similar but different from conventional ESR process. Results of industrial trial indicate that there is no obvious macrosegregation and cracks in the industrial ingots produced by these methods. Ingot quality is equivalent to the conventional electroslag ingot. In addition, the production efficiency of ESC LM process is obvious higher than conventional ESR operation.
Analysis of a high‐rise steel structure with viscous damped outriggers
Authors: Zhou Ying , Li Hexian 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYDamped outriggers for tall buildings draw increasingly attentions to engineers. With a shaking table test, two models of a high‐rise steel column‐tube structure are established, one with outriggers fixed to the core and hinged at the columns, whereas the other's cantilevering outriggers are connected to columns by viscous dampers. According to their dynamic properties, five earthquake waves are selected from the Ground Motion Database of Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), and two artificial waves are generated by software SIMQKE_GR. Under various peak ground accelerations (PGAs), nonlinear time‐history analysis is applied to compare structural elastic seismic responses, including accelerations, inter‐story drifts, base shear force, damper's response and additional damping ratios. It is concluded that under minor earthquakes, accelerations, inter‐story drifts and base shear force of structure with damped outriggers are larger than or nearly equal to those of the one with fixed outriggers, and the viscous dampers hardly work. But as PGA increases, the contrary situation happens, and the effect of viscous dampers is enhanced as well. The additional damping ratio reaches around 4% under mega earthquakes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Normative data for uterine size according to age and gravidity and possible role of the classical golden ratio
Authors: Verguts J. , Ameye L. , Bourne T. , Timmerman D. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo document normal measurements (length, width, anteroposterior (AP) diameter) and proportions of the non‐pregnant uterus according to age and gravidity. We hypothesized that uterine proportions conform to the classical ‘golden ratio’ (1.618).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of ultrasonographic measurements of the length, width and AP diameter of non‐pregnant uteri recorded in our database between 1 January 2000 and 31 July 2012. All patients for whom abnormal findings were reported were excluded and only the first set of measurements for each patient was retained for analysis. Loess (local regression) analysis was performed using age and gravidity as explanatory variables.ResultsMeasurements of 5466 non‐pregnant uteri were retrieved for analysis. The mean length was found to increase to 72 mm at the age of 40 and decrease to 42 mm at the age of 80 years. Gravidity was associated with greater uterine length, width and AP diameter. Mean length/width ratio was found to be 1.857 at birth, decreasing to 1.452 at the age of 91 years. At the age of 21 years, the mean ratio was found to be 1.618, i.e. equal to the golden ratio. Increasing gravidity was associated with lower mean length/width ratio.ConclusionsUterine size in non‐pregnant women varies in relation to age and gravidity. Mean length/width ratio conformed to the golden ratio at the age of 21, coinciding with peak fertility. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Oncologic Outcomes after Adjuvant Chemotherapy Using FOLFOX in MSI‐H Sporadic Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: Oh Seung Yeop , Kim Do Yoon , Kim Young Bae , Suh Kwang Wook 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known of the oncological outcomes after adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy in patients with stage III colon cancer showing microsatellite instability high (MSI‐H). In the present study we investigated the prognostic impact of MSI‐H in patients with stage III colon cancer receiving FOLFOX chemotherapy.MethodsWe analyzed the MSI status in 127 patients with stage III colon cancer who underwent curative surgical resection followed by FOLFOX chemotherapy between January 2003 and December 2010. We assessed disease‐free and overall survival (OS) in patients with MSI‐H colon cancer compared with those showing microsatellite instability low or microsatellite stable (MSI‐L/MSS) disease.ResultsSixteen of the patients (12.6 %) were MSI‐H, and 111 patients (87.4 %) were MSI‐L/MSS. There was no significant difference between patients showing MSI‐H and MSI‐L/MSS except for age (P = 0.030), tumor location (P < 0.001), and differentiation (P = 0.031). Compared with MSI‐L/MSS colon cancer, patients with MSI‐H colon cancer had no significant difference in 5‐year disease‐free and OS (72.2 vs 68.5 %, P = 0.874; 68.1 vs 71.1 %, P = 0.437).ConclusionsOur study indicates that FOLFOX chemotherapy can be considered to treat stage III colon cancer patients with MSI‐H after surgery, although the study was not randomized and included only a limited number of patients.
Water Vapour Radiometers for the Australia Telescope Compact Array
Authors: Indermuehle Balthasar T. , Burton Michael G. , Crofts Jonathan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe have developed water vapour radiometers (WVRs) for the Australia Telescope Compact Array that are capable of determining signal path-length fluctuations by virtue of measuring small temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere using the 22.2-GHz water vapour line for each of the six antennae. By measuring the line-of-sight variations of the water vapour, the induced path excess and thus the phase delay can be estimated and corrections can then be applied during data reduction. This reduces decorrelation of the source signal. We demonstrate how this recovers the telescope's efficiency as well as how this improves the telescope's ability to use longer baselines at higher frequencies, thereby resulting in higher spatial resolution. A description of the WVR hardware design, their calibration, and water vapour retrieval mechanism is given.
Functional health status in children and adolescents after Fontan: comparison of generic and disease-specific assessments
Authors: McCrindle Brian W. , Zak Victor , Pemberton Victoria L. , Lambert Linda M. , Vetter Victoria L. , Lai Wyman W. , Uzark Karen , Margossian Renee , Atz Andrew M. , Cook Amanda , Newburger Jane W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to compare associations between generic versus disease-specific functional health status assessments and patient and clinical characteristics for patients with severe congenital heart disease. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study involving 325 single ventricle patients, aged 10–18 years, after Fontan procedure. Enrolled patients underwent a medical history review, laboratory testing, and assessment of the functional health status by completion of the generic Child Report Child Health Questionnaire and the disease-specific Congenital Heart Adolescent and Teenage questionnaire. Correlated conceptually equivalent domains from both questionnaires were identified and their associations with patient and clinical variables were compared. Results: From the generic assessment, patients perceived marginally lower physical functioning (p = 0.05) but greater freedom from bodily pain compared with a normal population (p < 0.001). The equivalent physical functioning/limitations domain of the generic instrument, compared with the disease-specific instrument, had similar associations (higher multi-variable model R2) with medical history variables (R2 = 0.14 versus R2 = 0.12, respectively) and stronger associations with exercise testing variables (R2 = 0.22 versus R2 = 0.06). Similarly, the corresponding freedom from bodily pain/symptoms domains from both questionnaires showed a greater association for the generic instrument with medical history variables (R2 = 0.15 versus R2 = 0.09, respectively) and non-cardiac conditions (R2 = 0.13 versus R2 = 0.06). The associations of each questionnaire with echocardiographic results, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging results, and serum brain natriuretic peptide levels were uniformly weak (R2 range <0.01 to 0.04). Conclusions: Assessment of the physical functional health status using generic and disease-specific instruments yields few differences with regard to associations between conceptually similar domains and patient and clinical characteristics for adolescents after Fontan procedure.