bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photographs and Film Recordings as Valuable Documents in Sports History Research
Authors: Sarje Ajno 
Published: March 2013

Abstract Photographs and film recordings have not been commonly used as source material in sports history research. However, every moment and every movement captured in photographs tell us things that researchers could have seen if they had been on the spot when the picture was taken. I suggest that photos and films can be read in the same way as any sign systems, such as writing or maps. The points of departure for my analysis of movement in photographs and film recordings are kinesthetic empathy and the idea that the meanings of most body movements are established to the extent that they are part of our cultural heritage and contain signs and symbols we can relate to. Furthermore, observations made from these documents can be analyzed with the help of theories from other research fields. Using the methods of dance research, such as Rudolf Laban’s movement analysis, Janet Adshead’s dance performance analysis, Marcel Mauss’s habitus concept, and John Martin’s dance analysis, styles, movement languages, and conventions of exercise and sport in photos and films can be identified. In addition, in accordance with photographic research by Roland Barthes, I will reflect on the fringe conditions of the use of photographs as research material, the kind of opportunities they offer, and the kind of limitations they set for the researcher.
Effects of plant phenology and vertical height on accuracy of radio‐telemetry locations
Authors: Grovenburg Troy W. , Jacques Christopher N. , Klaver Robert W. , DePerno Christopher S. , Lehman Chad P. , Brinkman Todd J. , Robling Kevin A. , Rupp Susan P. , Jenks Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2013

The use of very high frequency (VHF) radio‐telemetry remains wide‐spread in studies of wildlife ecology and management. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of vegetative obstruction on accuracy in differing habitats with varying transmitter types and heights. Using adult and fawn collars at varying heights above the ground (0, 33, 66 and 100 cm) to simulate activities (bedded, feeding and standing) and ages (neonate, juvenile and adult) of deer Odocoileus spp., we collected 5,767 bearings and estimated 1,424 locations (28‐30 for each of 48 subsamples) in three habitat types (pasture, grassland and forest), during two stages of vegetative growth (spring and late summer). Bearing error was approximately twice as large at a distance of 900 m for fawn (9.9°) than for adult deer collars (4.9°). Of 12 models developed to explain the variation in location error, the analysis of covariance model (HT∗D + C∗D + HT∗TBA + C∗TBA) containing interactions of height of collar above ground (HT), collar type (C), vertical height of understory vegetation (D) and tree basal area (TBA) was the best model (wi = 0.92) and explained ∼ 71% of the variation in location error. Location error was greater for both collar types at 0 and 33 cm above the ground compared to 66 and 100 cm above the ground; however, location error was less for adult than fawn collars. Vegetation metrics influenced location error, which increased with greater vertical height of understory vegetation and tree basal area. Further, interaction of vegetation metrics and categorical variables indicated significant effects on location error. Our results indicate that researchers need to consider study objectives, life history of the study animal, signal strength of collar (collar type), distance from transmitter to receiver, topographical changes in elevation, habitat composition and season when designing telemetry protocols. Bearing distances in forested habitat should be decreased (approximately 23% in our study) compared to bearing distances in open habitat to maintain a consistent bearing error across habitats. Additionally, we believe that field biologists monitoring neonate ungulates for habitat selection should rely on visual locations rather than using VHF‐collars and triangulation.
Factors affecting the elicitation of vocal responses from coyotes Canis latrans
Authors: Petroelje Tyler R. , Belant Jerrold L. , Beyer Dean E. 
Published: March 2013

Long‐distance vocalizations by canids play an important role in communication among individuals, and researchers have elicited these vocalizations to estimate canid occurrence and relative abundance. We evaluated the efficacy of broadcasted coyote Canis latrans group‐yip calls and gray wolf C. lupus lone howls to elicit vocal responses from 18 GPS‐collared coyotes on 144 occasions in Michigan's Upper Peninsula during August‐September 2009 and June‐September 2010‐2011. We evaluated coyote responses to each call type using mixed‐effects logistic regression models with time (month), residency status (resident or transient), presence in wolf territory, sex, distance, movement and call type as fixed effects hypothesized to influence coyote vocal response rates. The individual coyote and year were included as random effects. Overall, call type, sex and presence of wolf territory did not affect coyote response rates; however, coyotes did not respond to wolf calls broadcasted at distances of > 2.0 km. Resident coyotes were three times more likely to respond than transients and the greatest overall response rates occurred in August. We conclude that eliciting coyote vocalizations where wolves are present will not bias responses, and we recommend eliciting coyote vocalizations using recorded coyote group‐yip howls during July‐September to estimate the species' presence or density.
Climate isn't everything: Competitive interactions and variation by life stage will also affect range shifts in a warming world
Authors: Ettinger Ailene K. , HilleRisLambers Janneke 
Published: March 2013

• Premise of the study: The extent to which climate controls species’ range limits is a classic biological question that is particularly relevant given anthropogenic climate change. While climate is known to play a role in species distributions, biotic interactions such as competition also affect range limits. Furthermore, climatic and biotic controls of ranges may vary in strength across life stages, implying complex range shift dynamics with climate change.• Methods: We quantified climatic and competitive influences on growth of juvenile and adult trees of three conifer species on Mt. Rainier, Washington, United States. We collected annual growth data of these trees, which we compared to the competitive environment and annual climate (100 years of data) experienced by each individual.• Key results: We found that the relationships between growth and climate and between growth and competition differed by life stage and location. Growth was sensitive to heavy snowpack and cold temperatures at high elevation upper limits (treeline), but growth was poorly explained by climate in low elevation closed‐canopy forests. Competitive effects on growth were more important for saplings than adults, but did not become more important at either upper or lower range limits.• Conclusions: In all, our results suggest that range shifts under climate change will differ at leading vs. trailing edges. At treeline, warmer temperatures will lead to increased growth and likely to range expansion. However, climate change will have less dramatic effects in low elevation closed‐canopy forest communities, where growth is less strongly limited by climate, especially at young life stages.
Multiple metal accumulation within a manganese‐specific genus
Authors: Fernando Denise R. , Marshall Alan T. , Forster Paul I. , Hoebee Susan E. , Siegele Rainer 
Published: March 2013

• Premise of the study: Plants that strongly accumulate metals may be practically beneficial, and also serve as novel resources for increasing fundamental understanding of plant biology. Australian Gossia (Myrtaceae) species are delineated by a conspicuous affinity for the heavy metal manganese (Mn), which is a micronutrient crucial to photosynthesis. This genus includes several Mn hyperaccumulators such as G. bidwillii. Unusually, in G. bidwillii foliar Mn is most highly concentrated in photosynthetic cells, an observation thus far restricted to foliar‐Mn accumulation in Mn hyperaccumulators. Recent discovery that several of these Gossia species accumulate other metals in addition to Mn will enable investigation as to whether primary sequestration of metals in photosynthetic tissues is restricted to Mn.• Methods: Gossia species known to accumulate nickel (Ni) or aluminum (Al) in addition to Mn were sampled in the field. Complementary proton‐ and electron‐probe data were combined to evaluate in vivo microdistribution patterns of excessively accumulated foliar metals.• Key results: It was discovered that in addition to Mn and Ni, Gossia fragrantissima accumulated foliar zinc (Zn) and cobalt (Co), with Mn, Ni, and Co most highly localized in mesophyll cells and Zn primarily located in the upper epidermis. In G. hillii, Mn and Al were highly concentrated in the palisade and epidermis, respectively.• Conclusions: This investigation provides evidence that the primary disposal of excess foliar metals in photosynthetic cells is not exclusive to Mn. It offers rare intrageneric perspective on metal compartmentation, pointing to significant variation among tonoplastal metal transporters associated with detoxification.
Quantitative Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Analysis in Hepatitis B E Antigen-Positive Nucleoside-Naive Patients Treated with Entecavir
Authors: Gish Robert G , Chang Ting-Tsung , Lai Ching-Lung , De Man Robert A , Gadano Adrian , Llamoso Cyril , Tang Hong 
Published: March 2013

Background Entecavir is a potent nucleoside analogue for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) levels are predictive of response to interferon-α in CHB treatment; however, the clinical utility of qHBsAg in nucleoside/ nucleotide analogue-based CHB therapy is not fully characterized. This study assessed changes in qHBsAg in patients treated with entecavir in the Phase III study ETV-022. Methods This retrospective post hoc analysis included nucleoside/nucleotide-naive, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients receiving entecavir (0.5 mg daily) in ETV-022 who had samples available for qHBsAg analysis through week 48. qHBsAg, HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase levels were assessed for the overall patient cohort, for cohorts with or without HBeAg loss or HBsAg loss by week 48, and by HBV genotype. Results Overall, 95 patients from ETV-022 had available samples for qHBsAg analysis through week 48. In all cohorts, 48 weeks of entecavir therapy resulted in effective HBV DNA suppression. In the overall cohort, qHB-sAg declined by -0.92 log10 IU/ml through week 48. The decline in qHBsAg was more pronounced in patients with subsequent HBeAg loss or HBsAg loss, and in patients infected with HBV genotype D or A. On-treatment qHBsAg changes did not correlate with changes in HBV DNA; no on-treatment or baseline factor was found to be predictive of HBeAg loss or HBsAg loss. Conclusions Through 48 weeks of entecavir therapy, qHBsAg declined predominantly in those patients who achieved seroclearance of HBeAg or HBsAg. However, unlike with interferon-α-based therapy, early qHBsAg decline was not predictive of serological response at year 1 of entecavir treatment.
Mayotte, terre d'émigration massive
Authors: Math Antoine 
Published: March 2013

« Le problème de Mayotte, c’est l’immigration massive. » Cette antienne répétée à l’envi par les médias et les responsables politiques de l’île pour expliquer sa situation difficile et les mauvaises conditions de vie de ses habitants ne résiste pas à une analyse sérieuse. Et si le problème de Mayotte n’était pas tant l’immigration que l’émigration ?
Solute Carrier 11A1 Is Expressed by Innate Lymphocytes and Augments Their Activation
Authors: Hedges Jodi F. , Kimmel Emily , Snyder Deann T. , Jerome Maria , Jutila Mark A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Solute carrier 11A1 (SLC11A1) is a divalent ion transporter formerly known as the natural resistance–associated macrophage protein (NRAMP1) and the Bcg/Lsh/Ity locus. SLC11A1 was thought to be exclusively expressed in monocyte/macrophages and to have roles in phagosome maturation and cell activation. We characterized the expression of SLC11A1 in the majority of human and bovine γδ T cells and NK cells and in human CD3+CD45RO+ T cells. Consistent with a role for iron-dependent inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases, SLC11A1+ lymphocytes were more prone to activation and retained tyrosine phosphorylation. Transfection of SLC11A1 into a human γδ T cell–like line rendered the cells more prone to activation. Nonadherent splenocytes from wild-type mice expressed significantly greater IFN-γ compared with cells from Sv/129 (SLC11A1−/−) mice. Our data suggest that SLC11A1 has a heretofore unknown role in activation of a large subset of innate lymphocytes that are critical sources of IFN-γ. SLC11A1+ animals have enhanced innate IFN-γ expression in response to Salmonella infection compared with SLC11A1− mice, which include commonly used inbred laboratory mice. Expression of SLC11A1 in innate lymphocytes and its role in augmenting their activation may account for inconsistencies in studies of innate lymphocytes in different animal models.
α1β1 Integrin-Mediated Adhesion Inhibits Macrophage Exit from a Peripheral Inflammatory Lesion
Authors: Becker Henry M. , Rullo Jacob , Chen Mian , Ghazarian Magar , Bak Sungho , Xiao Haiyan , Hay John B. , Cybulsky Myron I. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Integrins are adhesion molecules critical for the recruitment of leukocytes from blood into peripheral tissues. However, whether integrins are also involved in leukocyte exit from peripheral tissues via afferent lymphatics to the draining lymph node remains poorly understood. In this article, we show that adhesion by the collagen IV–binding integrin α1β1 unexpectedly inhibited macrophage exit from inflamed skin. We monitored macrophages exiting mouse footpads using a newly developed in situ pulse labeling technique. Blockade of α1β1 integrin or genetic deletion (Itga1−/−) increased macrophage exit efficiency. Chemotaxis assays through collagen IV showed more efficient migration of Itga1−/− macrophages relative to wild type. Given that macrophages are key orchestrators of inflammation, α1β1 integrin adhesion may represent a mechanism for regulating inflammatory responses by controlling macrophage exit or persistence in inflamed tissues.
Cxcl8 (IL-8) Mediates Neutrophil Recruitment and Behavior in the Zebrafish Inflammatory Response
Authors: de Oliveira Sofia , Reyes-Aldasoro Constantino C. , Candel Sergio , Renshaw Stephen A. , Mulero Victoriano , Calado Ângelo 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Neutrophils play a pivotal role in the innate immune response. The small cytokine CXCL8 (also known as IL-8) is known to be one of the most potent chemoattractant molecules that, among several other functions, is responsible for guiding neutrophils through the tissue matrix until they reach sites of injury. Unlike mice and rats that lack a CXCL8 homolog, zebrafish has two distinct CXCL8 homologs: Cxcl8-l1 and Cxcl8-l2. Cxcl8-l1 is known to be upregulated under inflammatory conditions caused by bacterial or chemical insult but until now the role of Cxcl8s in neutrophil recruitment has not been studied. In this study we show that both Cxcl8 genes are upregulated in response to an acute inflammatory stimulus, and that both are crucial for normal neutrophil recruitment to the wound and normal resolution of inflammation. Additionally, we have analyzed neutrophil migratory behavior through tissues to the site of injury in vivo, using open-access phagocyte tracking software PhagoSight. Surprisingly, we observed that in the absence of these chemokines, the speed of the neutrophils migrating to the wound was significantly increased in comparison with control neutrophils, although the directionality was not affected. Our analysis suggests that zebrafish may possess a subpopulation of neutrophils whose recruitment to inflamed areas occurs independently of Cxcl8 chemokines. Moreover, we report that Cxcl8-l2 signaled through Cxcr2 for inducing neutrophil recruitment. Our study, therefore, confirms the zebrafish as an excellent in vivo model to shed light on the roles of CXCL8 in neutrophil biology.
Different Modes of Feedback and Peak Vertical Ground Reaction Force During Jump Landing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ericksen Hayley M. , Gribble Phillip A. , Pfile Kate R. , Pietrosimone Brian G. 
Published: March 2013

Context:Excessive ground reaction force when landing from a jump may result in lower extremity injuries. It is important to better understand how feedback can influence ground reaction force (GRF) and potentially reduce injury risk.Objective:To determine the effect of expert-provided (EP), self-analysis (SA), and combination EP and SA (combo) feedback on reducing peak vertical GRF during a jump-landing task.Data Sources:We searched the Web of Science database on July 1, 2011; using the search terms ground reaction force, landing biomechanics, and feedback elicited 731 initial hits.Study Selection:Of the 731 initial hits, our final analysis included 7 studies that incorporated 32 separate data comparisons.Data Extraction:Standardized effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated between pretest and posttest scores for each feedback condition.Data Synthesis:We found a homogeneous beneficial effect for combo feedback, indicating a reduction in GRF with no CIs crossing zero. We also found a homogeneous beneficial effect for EP feedback, but the CIs from 4 of the 10 data comparisons crossed zero. The SA feedback showed strong, definitive effects when the intervention included a videotape SA, with no CIs crossing zero.Conclusions:Of the 7 studies reviewed, combo feedback seemed to produce the greatest decrease in peak vertical GRF during a jump-landing task.
Heating Capacity of ReBound Shortwave Diathermy and Moist Hot Packs at Superficial Depths
Authors: Hawkes Amanda R. , Draper David O. , Johnson A. Wayne , Diede Mike T. , Rigby Justin H. 
Published: March 2013

Context:
The effectiveness of a new continuous diathermy unit, ReBound, as a heating modality is unknown.

Objective:
To compare the effects of ReBound diathermy with silicate-gel moist hot packs on tissue temperature in the human triceps surae muscle.

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 12 healthy, college-aged volunteers (4 men, 8 women; age = 22.2 ± 2.25 years, calf subcutaneous fat thickness = 7.2 ± 1.9 mm).

Intervention(s):
On 2 different days, 1 of 2 modalities (ReBound diathermy, silicate-gel moist hot pack) was applied to the triceps surae muscle of each participant for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, the modality was removed, and temperature decay was recorded for 20 minutes.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Medial triceps surae intramuscular tissue temperature at a depth of 1 cm was measured using an implantable thermocouple inserted horizontally into the muscle. Measurements were taken every 5 minutes during the 30-minute treatment and every minute during the 20-minute temperature decay, for a total of 50 minutes. Treatment was analyzed through a 2 × 7 mixed-model analysis of variance with repeated measures. Temperature decay was analyzed through a 2 × 21 mixed-model analysis of variance with repeated measures.

Results:
During the 30-minute application, tissue temperatures at a depth of 1 cm increased more with the ReBound diathermy than with the moist hot pack (F6,66 = 7.14, P &lt; .001). ReBound diathermy and moist hot packs increased tissue temperatures 3.69°C ± 1.50°C and 2.82°C ± 0.90°C, respectively, from baseline. Throughout the temperature decay, ReBound diathermy produced a greater rate of heat dissipation than the moist hot pack (F20,222 = 4.42, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions:
During a 30-minute treatment at a superficial depth, the ReBound diathermy increased tissue temperature to moderate levels, which were greater than the levels reached with moist hot packs.
Re-construction
Authors: Devilat Bernadette 
Published: March 2013

Re-construct: to build again. The necessary reconstruction process after an earthquake can be seen as an opportunity to improve previous conditions. All damaged buildings undergo a renovation process in which every piece is carefully returned to its original place. The photograph shows roof reconstruction work in San Pedro de Alcántara, a heritage area in the central valley of Chile, which was particularly affected by the 2010 earthquake.
A Scientometric Analysis of 20 Years of Research on Breast Reconstruction Surgery: A Guide for Research Design and Journal Selection
Authors: Moghimi Mehrdad , Fathi Mehdi , Marashi Ali , Kamani Freshteh , Habibi Gholamreza , Hirbod-Mobarakeh Armin , Ghaemi Marjan , Hosseinian-Sarajehlou Mahdi 
Published: March 2013

Background Breast reconstruction refers to the rebuilding of a woman's breast using autologous tissue or prosthetic material to form a natural-looking breast. It is increasingly offered to women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer. However, there is no systematic analysis available for the expanding area of research on breast reconstruction.
Methods A bibliometric method was used to obtain a view of the scientific production about breast reconstruction by data extracted from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Specific parameters were retrieved from the ISI. Articles about breast reconstruction were analyzed to obtain a view of the topic's structure, history, and document relationships using HistCite software. Trends in the most influential publications and authors were analyzed.
Results The number of articles was constantly increasing. Most highly cited articles described the methods of flap construction in the surgery. Other highly cited articles discussed the psychological or emotional aspects of breast reconstruction, skin sparing mastectomy, and breast reconstruction in the irradiated breast.
Conclusions This was the first breast reconstruction scientometric analysis, representing the characteristics of papers and the trends of scientific production. A constant increase in the number of breast reconstruction papers and also the increasing number of citations shows that there is an increasing interest in this area of medical science. It seems that most of the research in this field is focused on the technical aspects of surgery.