bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Of mice and men: the riddle of tubular regeneration
Authors: Romagnani Paola 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRegeneration can occur through multiple distinct mechanisms, such as pluripotent stem cells, lineage‐committed progenitors or dedifferentiation. The respective contribution of each of these regenerative strategies in every organ or tissue may be different. Recent results indicate that dedifferentiation contributes less than previously thought, and that stem or progenitor cells seem to be the main drivers of regenerative processes. Our views of regeneration in the kidney are undergoing the same process of revision. Indeed, studies in humans have established the existence of a scattered population of tubular progenitors in the adult kidney. Renal progenitors have been discovered also in other animal classes such as fish and insects. In contrast, in rodents a tubular progenitor phenotype seems to be induced only after tubular injury, suggesting some differences may exist. Is this difference really related to a distinct regenerative strategy or is it simply a matter of the type and modality of cellular markers expressed? It may also be possible that progenitor cells, as well as tubular cell dedifferentiation, act in concert to allow regeneration of a complex organ like the adult mammalian kidney, as recently proposed also for the liver. Further studies are needed to resolve the riddle of tubular regeneration. However, beyond the controversial results obtained from humans and rodents, identification of tubular progenitors in humans can move the field forward and provide a novel perspective for understanding tubular regeneration. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lymphoproliferative disorder that resembles heptosplenic lymphoma during maintenance treatment for T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hu YouJun , Ahmed Tahmeena , Zaslav Ann‐Leslie , Golightly Marc , Spitzer Silvia G. , Raetz Elizabeth , Chan Edward L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA 6‐year‐old male presented with a testicular mass, hepatosplenomegaly, and a pleural effusion while undergoing maintenance chemotherapy for treatment of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL). He was subsequently diagnosed with a lymphoproliferative disorder that resembled hepatosplenic lymphoma (HSL). While the extranodal presentation and the protracted yet aggressive clinical course are consistent with HSL, the findings of monosomy 8 and polymorphic cell populations are unique and have not been previously described in this type of lymphoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: E10–E12. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular characteristics of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma associated with Shwachman‐Diamond syndrome
Authors: Dhanraj Santhosh , Manji Arif , Pinto Dalila , Scherer Stephen W. , Favre Helen , Loh Mignon L. , Chetty Runjan , Wei Alice C. , Dror Yigal 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundShwachman‐Diamond syndrome (SDS) is characterized by hypoplasia of the bone marrow and exocrine pancreas and a high risk of leukemia. It is unknown whether solid tumors are part of the disease phenotype.ProcedureWe performed copy number alterations using Affymetrix human SNP 6.0 array. Furthermore, we did direct sequencing of pancreatic cancer‐related genes and immunohistochemical expression of selective proteins.ResultsAmong 41 patients with SDS who enrolled on the registry, we identified one male patient with a solid tumor: moderately differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The tumor harbored 41 copy number alterations (CNAs) and had no regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). None of these CNAs were exclusive to the tumor. One copy of the tumor suppressor genes CTNNA3 and LGALS9C was lost in both the peripheral blood and tumor. Direct sequencing of TP53, KRAS, and NRAS revealed no mutations. Immunohistochemical staining for cyclin D1, E‐cadherin, p53 MLH1 and MSH2 and β‐catenin, was similar to that seen in non‐hereditary pancreatic cancer.ConclusionsOur case raises the possibility that solid tumors are associated with SDS, thereby broadening the clinical phenotype of the disease. The relatively young age at cancer diagnosis and the specific involvement of the pancreas make the possibility of an association with SDS likely. Similar to leukemia in SDS, the pancreatic cancer developed in hypoplastic tissues. This observation and the relative genomic stability of the tumor strengthen the hypothesis of improved adaptation of malignant clones among a population of disadvantaged cells as a mechanism for tumor expansion in SDS. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 754–760. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Donor–acceptor alternating π‐conjugated polymers containing Di(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrene and 2,5‐Bis(2‐octyldodecyl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione for organic thin‐film transistors
Authors: Yang Da Seul , Kim Kyung Hwan , Cho Min Ju , Jin Jung‐Il , Choi Dong Hoon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNew diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐containing conjugated polymers such as poly(2,5‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐3‐(5‐(pyren‐1‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione) (P(DTDPP‐alt‐(1,6)PY)) and poly(2,5‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐3‐(5‐(pyren‐2‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione) (P(DTDPP‐alt‐(2,7)PY)) were successfully synthesized via Suzuki coupling reactions under Pd(0)‐catalyzed conditions. P(DTDPP‐alt‐(2,7)PY), incorporating 2,5‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐3,6‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione (DTDPP) at the 2,7‐position of a pyrene ring showed a lower band‐gap energy (E. = 1.65 eV) than the 1,6‐substituted analog, P(DTDPP‐alt‐(1,6)PY) (E = 1.71 eV). The energies of the molecular frontier orbitals of the substituted polymers were successfully tuned by changing the anchoring position of DTDPP from the 1,6‐ to the 2,7‐position of the pyrene ring. An organic thin‐film transistor fabricated using the newly synthesized P(DTDPP‐alt‐(2,7)PY), as a semiconductor material exhibited a maximum mobility of up to 0.23 cm2 V−1 s−1 (Ion/off ∼ 106), which was much larger than that obtained using P(DTDPP‐alt‐(1,6)PY). This distinction is attributed to morphological differences in the solid state arising from differences between the geometrical configurations of DTDPP and the pyrene ring. In addition, the organic phototransistor devices made of P(DTDPP‐alt‐(2,7)PY) showed interesting photoinduced enhancement of drain current when irradiating the excitation light whose intensity is very small. Based on the photoinduced effect on IDS, photocontrolled memory could be realized under the variation of gate voltages. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Diblock copolymer–azobenzene complexes through hydrogen bonding: Self‐assembly and stable photoinduced optical anisotropy
Authors: del Barrio Jesús , Blasco Eva , Oriol Luis , Alcalá Rafael , Sánchez‐Somolinos Carlos 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe have demonstrated the preparation of a series of photoaddressable supramolecular block copolymers by mixing a carboxy‐terminated azobenzene derivative, 6‐[4‐(4′‐cyanophenylazo)phenyloxy]hexanoic acid (AZO), and two polystyrene‐b‐poly(4‐vinylpiridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) block copolymers. AZO can be selectively attached to the P4VP block of PS‐b‐P4VP through hydrogen bonding interactions. The assembly of AZO with vinylpyridine group‐containing polymers was initially investigated on a model system composed of P4VP homopolymer and AZO. Homogeneous liquid crystalline materials were obtained for ratios of AZO to vinylpyridine repeating unit, x, lower or equal to 0.50. Mixtures with higher x resulted in heterogeneous materials showing clear macrophase separation. Accordingly, a series of hydrogen‐bonded complexes of PS‐b‐P4VP and AZO, PS‐b‐P4VP(AZO)x, with x = 0.25 and x = 0.50 were prepared. Lamellar and spherical morphologies were observed for the complexes based on PS24‐b‐P4VP9.5 (Mn,PS = 24,000, Mn,P4VP = 9500) and PS24‐b‐P4VP1.9 (Mn,PS = 24,000, Mn,P4VP = 1900), respectively. Photoinduced orientation of the azobenzene units was obtained in films of P4VP(AZO)x and PS‐b‐P4VP(AZO)x with x = 0.25 and 0.50 by using 488 nm linearly polarized light and characterized through birefringence and dichroism measurements. This investigation shows a versatile and less laborious approach to azobenzene‐containing polymer materials with low chromophore content, of interest in optical application. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Donor–acceptor (donor) polymers with differently conjugated side groups at the acceptor units for photovoltaics
Authors: Qin Hongmei , Li Lisheng , Liang Tianxiang , Peng Xiaobin , Peng Junbiao , Cao Yong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFour new donor–acceptor (donor) [D–A(D)], PBDT‐PTQ, PBDT‐PTTQ, PBDT‐TQ, and PBDT‐TTQ, bearing the same backbone of alternative benzodithiophene (BDT) and quinoxaline units but with phenylene thienyl, phenylene di‐thienyl, thienyl and di‐thienyl groups (other donors), respectively, at the acceptor quinoxaline units, were designed and synthesized to investigate the impacts of the conjugated side chains at the acceptor units on the photovoltaic properties of polymers. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on PBDT‐TQ:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C‐70‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) and PBDT‐PTQ:PC70BM reach to 4.39 and 3.58%, respectively, which are 43 and 17% higher, respectively, than that of a reported alkylphenyl substituted polymer with the same main chain. However, the PCEs based on PBDT‐TTQ and PBDT‐PTTQ, in which an additional thiophene is added at a side chain of PBDT‐TQ and PBDT‐PTQ, respectively, decline. The mechanism how the conjugated side chains affect the performance of the PSCs is also discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Attractive Nitramines and Related PBXs
Authors: Elbeih Ahmed , Zeman Svatopluk , Jungová Marcela , Vávra Pavel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAt present, cis‐1,3,4,6‐tetranitro‐octahydroimidazo‐[4,5‐d]imidazole (bicyclo‐HMX, BCHMX) and ε‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (ε‐HNIW, CL‐20) are a topic of interest from the attractive and the potentially attainable nitramines. They were chosen to be studied in comparison with 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane (RDX) and β‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5‐tetrazocane (β‐HMX). Marginal attention is devoted also to 4,8,10,12‐tetranitro‐2,6‐dioxa‐tetraazawurtzitane (Aurora 5). BCHMX, ε‐HNIW, RDX, and HMX were studied as plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) with elastic properties based on Composition C4 and Semtex 10 matrices. Also they were studied as a highly pressed PBXs based on the Viton A binder. The detonation parameters and sensitivity aspects of these nitramines and their corresponding PBXs were determined. Relative explosive strengths (RS) of these compositions are mentioned with mutual relationships between the measured RS values and some detonation parameters. These relationships indicate a possibility of changes in detonation chemistry of these mixtures filled mainly by HNIW. A sensitivity of RS‐CL20 (HNIW with reduced sensitivity) is reported and the new findings in the friction sensitivity are discussed.
First‐principles study of hydrogenated CdS nanowires
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Chang‐wen , Zheng Fu‐bao , Lian Jie , Ren Miao‐Juan , Li Feng , Yuan Min 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBased on first‐principles simulations, the electronic and magnetic properties of bare and hydrogenated CdS nanowires (NWs) are investigated. We find that surface relaxation plays an important role for the hydrogenated CdS NWs and therefore leads to drastic changes of electronic properties. The magnetic properties can be tuned by controlling passivation on surface sites with hydrogen. While hydrogenated NWs on surface S atoms are nonmagnetic, hydrogenation on surface Cd atoms, and especially a monolayer of H on the surface, results in half‐metallic properties, due to the redistributions of surface electrons in the sulfur p orbital.
EPR spectra of Cr3+ ion in the Van Vleck paramagnet EuAl3(BO3)4
Authors: Prokhorov A.D. , Zubov E.E. , Prokhorov A.A. , Chernush L.F. , Minyakaev R. , Dyakonov V.P. , Szymczak H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe have presented new results on the EPR spectra and the ground state of the Cr3+ ion replacing Y3+ in YAl3(BO3)4 and Eu3+ in EuAl3(BO3)4 single crystals. The EPR studies performed at frequencies of about 9.4 and 37 GHz in a temperature range of 300–4.2 K have revealed the peculiarities and differences of EPR spectra of Cr3+ ion as well as determined the spin‐Hamiltonian parameters (g‐factors, D, and E fine‐structure parameters and their signs) in both crystals. The value and sign of the D parameter in both crystals are determined by both the nearest ligands around the Cr3+ ion and the spin–orbit interaction. The interaction between Cr3+ ion and rare‐earth ion weakly influences on the ground‐state splitting, while the changes of g‐factors are mainly caused by the Cr3+ and Eu3+ ions interactions. The EPR spectra and contributions determining the value of spin‐Hamiltonian parameters were analyzed on the basis of the superposition model of the crystal field.
Gaps in Exposure to Essential Competencies in Hand Surgery Fellowship Training: A National Survey of Program Directors
Authors: Sears Erika Davis , Larson Bradley P. , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: January 2013

Background Graduate medical education has moved towards competency-based training. The aim of this study was to assess hand surgery program directors' opinions of exposure gaps in core competencies rated as essential for hand surgery training. Methods We surveyed the 74 ACGME hand surgery fellowship program directors. Respondents rated their opinion of 9 general areas of practice, 97 knowledge topics, and 172 procedures into one of three categories: essential, exposure needed, or unnecessary. Program directors also rated trainee exposure of each component at their respective program. Moderate and large exposure gaps were respectively defined as presence of at least 25 and 50 % of programs rating trainees as not having proficiency in the component at the end of training. Results Sixty-two of 74 program directors (84 %) responded to the survey. For the 76 knowledge topics and 98 procedures rated as essential, a majority of the knowledge topics (61 %; n=46) and procedures (72 %; n=71) had at least a moderate exposure gap. In addition, 22 % ( n=17) of the essential knowledge topics and 26 % ( n=25) of the essential procedures had a large exposure gap. Conclusion This study illuminates the discrepancies between what is believed to be important for practicing hand surgeons and graduates' proficiency as perceived by program directors. The field of hand surgery must work to determine if program directors have unrealistic expectations for what is essential for practicing hand surgeons or if reforms are needed to improve exposure to essential skills in hand surgery training.
Safety of phosphatidylserine containing omega3 fatty acids in ADHD children: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial followed by an open-label extension
Authors: Manor I. , Magen A. , Keidar D. , Rosen S. , Tasker H. , Cohen T. , Richter Y. , Zaaroor-Regev D. , Manor Y. , Weizman A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the safety of phosphatidylserine (PS) enriched with omega3 fatty acids, mainly eicosapentaenoic (PS-Omega3) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:Two hundred children diagnosed with ADHD were randomised to receive either PS-Omega3 (300 mg PS-Omega3/day) or placebo for 15 weeks. One hundred and fifty children continued into an open-label extension for an additional 15 weeks in which they all consumed PS-Omega3 (150 mg PS-Omega3/day). Standard blood biochemical and haematological safety parameters, blood pressure, heart rate, weight and height were evaluated. Adverse events and the Side Effect Rating Scale were also assessed.Results:One hundred and sixty-two participants completed the double-blind phase. No significant differences were noted between the two study groups in any of the safety parameters evaluated. One hundred and forty participants completed the open-label phase. At the end of this phase, no significant changes from baseline were observed in any of the studied parameters among participants who consumed PS-Omega3 for 30 weeks.Conclusions:Study results demonstrate that consumption of PS-Omega3 by children with ADHD, as indicated in a 30-week evaluation period, is safe and well tolerated, without any negative effect on body weight or growth.
Clinical features and short‐term outcomes of triplet pregnancies in Japan
Authors: Morikawa Mamoru , Cho Kazutoshi , Yamada Takashi , Yamada Takahiro , Sato Shoji , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo review clinical features and short‐term outcomes of triplet pregnancies among Japanese women.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out among 320 Japanese women with triplet pregnancies (8 monochorionic, 75 dichorionic, and 150 trichorionic triplets; 87 with unknown placental chorionicity) who delivered at 22 gestational weeks or more between January 2005 and December 2008.ResultsDelivery was by cesarean for 315 (98%) women. Gestational age at delivery was 32.3 ± 2.8 weeks (mean ± SD) and 33.2 weeks (median), and 97%, 61%, and 14% of women delivered at less than 37, less than 34, and less than 30 gestational weeks, respectively. For live‐born infants, mean birth weight was 1762 ± 437 g, 1608 ± 396 g, and 1406 ± 380 g for the heaviest, middle, and lightest triplet, respectively. Eighteen (5.6%) women experienced perinatal mortality (3 triplets for 1 woman, 2 triplets for 4 women, and 1 triplet for 13 women). Perinatal mortality was 25 deaths per 1000 deliveries, and decreased with increasing number of chorionic membranes (125, 44, and 20 per 1000 mono‐, di‐, and trichorionic triplet deliveries, respectively).ConclusionShort‐term outcomes were good among triplet pregnancies in Japan. The data may be useful for counseling Japanese women with triplet pregnancies.
The Kotuikan ring structure as possible evidence for a large impact event in the northern Siberian craton
Authors: Glukhovskii M.Z. , Kuz’min M.I. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Remote-sensing, cosmogeological, tectonic, geophysical, structural, compositional, isotopic, and geochronological criteria permit identifying the Kotuikan ring structure in the northern Siberian Platform as a Paleoproterozoic large astrobleme, close in age to the Vredefort and Sudbury impact structures. Also, indirect evidence for two more large impact structures was obtained here. This confirms widely hypothesized massive bombardment of the early Earth by asteroids and a possible effect of large impact events on the Earth’s mantle dynamics and rotation regime, that is, the tectonic evolution of our planet, including plate tectonics.
A heuristic method for the analytical solution of Maxwell’s equations for direct current
Authors: Gubatenko V.P. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
We propose a heuristic method for the analytical solution of electrical-prospecting problems for direct currents and 3D isotropic media. The corresponding parameters of the medium (conductivity, magnetic permeability) are determined from Maxwell’s equations by the assignment of electric- or magnetic-field intensity in the analytical form. The application of this method is illustrated with examples.
Pressure gradient effects on the large-scale structure of turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Harun Zambri , Monty Jason P. , Mathis Romain , Marusic Ivan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractResearch into high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layers in recent years has brought about a renewed interest in the larger-scale structures. It is now known that these structures emerge more prominently in the outer region not only due to increased Reynolds number (Metzger & Klewicki, Phys. Fluids, vol. 13(3), 2001, pp. 692–701; Hutchins & Marusic, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 579, 2007, pp. 1–28), but also when a boundary layer is exposed to an adverse pressure gradient (Bradshaw, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 29, 1967, pp. 625–645; Lee & Sung, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 639, 2009, pp. 101–131). The latter case has not received as much attention in the literature. As such, this work investigates the modification of the large-scale features of boundary layers subjected to zero, adverse and favourable pressure gradients. It is first shown that the mean velocities, turbulence intensities and turbulence production are significantly different in the outer region across the three cases. Spectral and scale decomposition analyses confirm that the large scales are more energized throughout the entire adverse pressure gradient boundary layer, especially in the outer region. Although more energetic, there is a similar spectral distribution of energy in the wake region, implying the geometrical structure of the outer layer remains universal in all cases. Comparisons are also made of the amplitude modulation of small scales by the large-scale motions for the three pressure gradient cases. The wall-normal location of the zero-crossing of small-scale amplitude modulation is found to increase with increasing pressure gradient, yet this location continues to coincide with the large-scale energetic peak wall-normal location (as has been observed in zero pressure gradient boundary layers). The amplitude modulation effect is found to increase as pressure gradient is increased from favourable to adverse.
Obtaining accurate mean velocity measurements in high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers using Pitot tubes
Authors: Bailey S. C. C. , Hultmark M. , Monty J. P. , Alfredsson P. H. , Chong M. S. , Duncan R. D. , Fransson J. H. M. , Hutchins N. , Marusic I. , McKeon B. J. , Nagib H. M. , Örlü R. , Segalini A. , Smits A. J. , Vinuesa R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article reports on one component of a larger study on measurement of the zero-pressure-gradient turbulent flat plate boundary layer, in which a detailed investigation was conducted of the suite of corrections required for mean velocity measurements performed using Pitot tubes. In particular, the corrections for velocity shear across the tube and for blockage effects which occur when the tube is in close proximity to the wall were investigated using measurements from Pitot tubes of five different diameters, in two different facilities, and at five different Reynolds numbers ranging from ${\mathit{Re}}_{\theta } = 11\hspace{0.167em} 100$ to 67 000. Only small differences were found amongst commonly used corrections for velocity shear, but improvements were found for existing near-wall proximity corrections. Corrections for the nonlinear averaging of the velocity fluctuations were also investigated, and the results compared to hot-wire data taken as part of the same measurement campaign. The streamwise turbulence-intensity correction was found to be of comparable magnitude to that of the shear correction, and found to bring the hot-wire and Pitot results into closer agreement when applied to the data, along with the other corrections discussed and refined here.