bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wealhtheow’s Peace-Weaving: Diegesis and Genealogy of Gender in Beowulf
Authors: Olesiejko Jacek 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
This article uses Charles S. Peirce’s concept of icon and Judith Butler’s idea of genealogy of gender to study levels of fictionality in the Old English poem Beowulf. It shows that Wealhtheow, the principal female character in the epic, operates as a diegetic reader in the poem. Her speeches, in which she addresses her husband King Hrothgar and Beowulf contain implicit references to the Lay of Finn, which has been sung by Hrothgar’s minstrel at the feast celebrating Beowulf’s victory. It is argued here that Wealhtheow represents herself as an icon of peace-weaving, as she casts herself as a figuration of Hildeburh, the female protagonist of the Lay of Finn. Hildeburh is the sister of Hnæf, the leader of the Danes, and is given by her brother to Finn the Frisian in a marriage alliance. In her role as a peace-weaver, the queen is to weave peace between tribes by giving birth to heirs of the crown. After the courtly minster’s performance of the Lay, Wealhtheow warns her husband against establishing political alliances with the foreigner Beowulf at the expense of his intratribal obligation to his cousin Hrothulf, who is to become king after Hrothgar’s death.
The ‘indisciplinarity’ of stylistics
Authors: Sorlin Sandrine 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper aims at showing why the stylistician can be construed as a prolific “impostor” in a most positive sense: pledged to no specific linguistic prophet, she can opt for different theoretical linguistic tools (in the sphere of pragmatics, critical discourse analysis, cognitive grammar, etc.) depending on her object of study and what her research question is. The liberty claimed by the stylistician explains why stylistics is the “undisciplined” child of linguistics, shirking any clear definition of its boundaries. It will be argued that stylistics can only exist as a cross-disciplinary field given its conception of language as fundamentally contextualized. If it was a discipline determined by clear-cut pre-established boundaries, stylistics would be far more “disciplined” but would run the risk of serving only itself. The broad goal of this paper is thus to evince that the “indisciplinarity” of stylistics constitutes its very defining essence. With this aim in mind, it will demonstrate what stylistics owes to other disciplines, what it shares with similar language-based disciplines and what it can offer to other fields or practices of knowledge.
An experimental approach to ambisyllabicity in English
Authors: Elzinga Dirk , Eddington David 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The factors that influence English speakers to classify a consonant as ambisyllabic are explored in 581 bisyllabic words. The /b/ in habit, for example, was considered ambisyllabic when a participant chose hab as the first part of the word and bit as the second. Geminate spelling was found to interact with social variables; older participants and more educated speakers provided more ambisyllabic responses. The influence of word-level phonotactics on syllabification was also evident. A consonant such as the medial /d/ in standard is attested as the second consonant in the coda of many English words (e.g. lard), as well as in the single-consonant onset of many others; for this reason such consonants were often made ambisyllabic. This contrasts with the /n/ in standard, which is never the first consonant in a word-initial cluster (e.g. *ndorf) and, therefore, rarely made ambisyllabic in the experiment. Ambisyllabicity was also found more often when the vowel preceding the single medialconsonant was lax, or stressed, or when the medial-consonant was a sonorant rather than an obstruent. The idea that a stressed lax vowel in the first syllable conditions both the ambisyllabicity of the consonant and its geminate spelling is not supported.
The phonological basis of Latin case patterns
Authors: Emonds Joseph Embley 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This study focuses on accounting for allomorphy in Latin case/number inflection. It attributes essentially all of it to the influence of adjacent features of standard segmental phonology on morphemes expressing case assignment. Indeed, other languages lead linguists to expect that allomorphy at a stem-suffix border can depend on any feature of a final vowel: ±Low, ±High, ±Round, ±Back, ±Consonantal or ±Syllabic. Empirically, it turns out that no two Latin stem-final vowels induce identical allomorphy in case/number suffixes, nor the same allomorphy as final consonants. Moreover, some (not much) phonologically conditioned allomorphy is phonetically opaque.
These two factors have led traditional scholarship to conclude that each stem-final segment should define a separate classification of noun suffixation or “declension”. As there are basically six types of final segment (a, o, u, i, e and consonants), each then gives rise to a different declension (stems with final i are often put in some other group or considered irregular), thus creating five (or six) declensions. Tradition then goes on to analyse stem-final vowels not as part of stems but as some kind of separate morphemes called “thematic vowels” (with no role in either syntax or phonology).
This essay argues rather that an unflinching modern and formal approach to inflectional allomorphy, exactly analogous to using phonology to reduce regular English plurals to a single lexical form, succeeds in sweeping away the sandcastle of Latin declensions and better captures the actual descriptive generalizations that account for Latin case inflection.
Some Geomorphologic Aspects Along the Timiş River in the Romanian Sector
Authors: Costea Marioara 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a geomorphologic analysis of the Timiş riverbed in Romania. The analysis was based on data from own observations in the field, within the project called “Protection measurements of Timiş River - Step II” Contract 411/90964/30.12.2010/07 by the University “Lucian Blaga” of Sibiu, Faculty of Sciences - Research Center of Applied Ecology, from June to December 2011.
Minor riverbed configuration and morphometry, the size of the material from the riverbed, and the forms of erosion and accumulation have been considered. This paper highlights the riverbed morphology in the different sectors (mountain, depression and plain), identifies the dominant fluvial processes and key features in the evolution of the Timiş riverbed, and also establishes links between morphology, size of fluvial deposits and natural and anthropogenic control factors.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Timiş River (Banat, Romania) Water Quality Based on Physicochemical and Microbiological Analysis
Authors: Oprean Letiţia , Lengyel Ecaterina , Iancu Ramona 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Flowing water, like rivers, represent an important drinking water source for Romania, their quality being influenced by the quantity of materials in suspension and in colloidal form, and their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. The Timiş River is generally characterized by the presence of some impurities in natural state, their specific composition being dependant on the nature of the surrounding soils, the soils in the reception basin, waste water spills from different users, and the dissolving capacities of the gases in the atmosphere.
The Timiş River has in general a lower level of mineralization, the sum of mineral salts dissolved being below 280 mg/l and formed of bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, phosphates, sodium sulphate, potassium, calcium and magnesium coming from the erosion of rocks, soils and precipitations. The concentration of hydrogen ions (pH) is situated around neutral, ranging from 7.3 to 8.8; among the dissolved gases is oxygen, with values ranging between 4.52 and 7.46 mg/l. The main characteristic of the water flow is represented by the variable charge (sometimes appreciable) of materials in suspension and colloidal materials (clay, sand, silica) but also by organic substances, the charge being directly proportional to the meteorological and climate conditions. This charge grows during rainfalls, reaching the maximum during large floods and the minimum during freezing periods (CCOMn max. 30.2 mg O2). Heavy metals like mercury and arsenic are found in the Timiş waters, but in quantities that do not conclusively affect the water quality, their values being below the maximum allowable amounts.
Bacteriological contamination is also observed. Microorganisms, viruses and protozoa are derived from wastewater spills with human or animal waste, and microorganisms specific to the ecosystem. The total coliforms reach 5x103/100 ml water, the fecal coliforms 2.2x102/100 ml water, which results in several sectors of the river being classed as lower quality.
New Data Concerning the Freshwater Molluscs from the Romanian Sector of Timiş River (Banat, Romania)
Authors: Sîrbu Ioan , Sîrbu Monica 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
In the Romanian sector of the Timiş River, 31 species of freshwater molluscs have been found up to the present. Among them are 17 gastropod and 14 bivalve species (including all seven species of Unionidae that live in Romania, these found in the lower sector of the river - something that is extremely rare in our waters). The present synthesis used the results of a screening type field investigation carried out in 2011, as well as all the available data from the literature and our previous studies. All these data prove the ongoing degradation of the river’s ecological state and its sheltered communities. This paper presents the annotated systematic and chorological checklist of the mollusc species from this area, some of its ecological characteristics and the main environmental issues related to human impact. Changes in species distribution and the structure of communities as an answer to increased human pressure during the last decades are also thus demonstrated. New data about some alien invasive species are given, including the first encounter with Corbicula fluminea, a species formerly known only in Romanian inland waters from the Danube, in the Timiş River lower sector.
Flood Effects on the Phytoplankton Diversity of Bega River (Banat, Romania)
Authors: Muntean Hanelore , Alexoaie Laura 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Situated on the Western Plains of Romania, the Banat region has an adverse natural condition that makes it a frequently-flooded area. A lack of natural drainage due to a low slope, shallow gound water, slow-moving water course densities, and precipitation in this close, mountainous area all contribute to periodic flood events. Water courses in the region have snake-like river beds and swamps present in the area before the XVIIIth century (Griselini, 1979) also create a tendency toward flood activity. The Bega is a river in the Timiș- Bega water system, originating from Poiana Rusca Mountains and the lower basin becomes channeled before entering Timișoara City.
Seasonal floods and overall water quality influence the quantity and quality of phytoplankton and macrozoobenthos in the Bega River. Phytoplankton obtains energy through the process of photosynthesis and must therefore live in the well-lit surface layer of a water body. Crucially dependent on minerals, phytoplankton primarily subsist on macronutrients such as nitrate, phosphate or silicic acid, which are governed by the balance between the socalled biological pump and the upwelling of deep, nutrient-rich waters. After floods the balance of nutrients in a river is changed and the effects can be observed by discerning differences in phytoplankton biomass and families living in the water body before and after the flood event (Muzaffar, 2007).
In this study, based on the information from local water administration, we provide data about the flood in 2005 and its effects on the biodiversity in the river. The measurements were made at 2 sites, one before the Bega River enters Timișoara and the other at Otelec station, 45.5 km downstream from Timișoara.
The runoff in 2005, caused by high precipitation in the upper basin, disturbed the nutrient balance in the river by transporting debris and sediment discharge from upstream, and carrying the local macrozoobenthos out of their normal habitat. Upstream from Timișoara, phytoplankton is dominated by species of diatomes like Diatoma sp., Synedra sp., Navicula sp., Fragilaria sp., Rhoicospahenia sp., Gyrosigma sp., Cymatopleura sp. and Amphora sp.
During floods the flow and speed of the water increases, which dilutes the water and modifies the concentration of nutrients and pollutants in the affected area, therefore changing the processes at a biological level. This specific process is important for the possibility of selfpurification in water bodies.
Euroregion as a Tool for Sustainable Development of Border Areas: The European Experience and Ukrainian Features
Authors: Tkachenko Yuliia 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The purpose of the research is to study the role of Euroregions in the provision of sustainable development of border regions of Ukraine on the basis of the analysis of European experience and the research of Ukrainian practice. The paper describes the development of transboundary cooperation in Europe, the peculiarities of the integration processes in the Euroregions, shows the development of Euroregions in Ukraine: „Carpatskyj“, „Bug“, „Nyzhnij Dunaj“, „Dniester“, „Verhnij Prut“, „Dnieper“, „Slobozhanshchyna“, „Yaroslavna“, defines their composition and structure, describes the basic functioning problems, such as low level of social and economic development in comparison with other (central) regions, the peripheral nature of economics, the presence of “a zone of potential political exertion“; the distance from the inner sources of regional security forms their focus on foreign economic cooperation, which makes them fragile to the dynamics of trade and economic relations of Ukraine with the neighbouring countries. The map of attraction of the regions of Ukraine into the European regions is made, in particular the regions that are proposed to be included in the composition of European regions for activation of transboundary cooperation are selected, and the proposed scenarios for the development of relations of Ukraine with the neighbouring countries are created.
Producers’ Reaction to Climate Change in the Fruit Production Sector from the Point of View of Growers
Authors: Demeter Dóra 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Within the sector of fruit growing, climate change related tasks cover a rather wide range of activities. According to what is claimed by the literature, all decisions impacting the sector should be made conformably with climate change in order to advance an increase in yield security. This, regardless of the impacts of climate change, is also one of the key questions in fruit growing. Regarding protection against extreme weather events, in addition to technological and technical elements, the level of importance assumed by farmers for the above-mentioned protection techniques as well as the type and extent they intend to use in practice are also worth of studying. This ongoing research began in 2009 and focuses mainly on studying the opinions of fruit farmers making up the target group for this analysis. The questionnaire survey primarily intends to study their knowledge on the definition of climate change as reactivity to unfavourable weather events occurring in the growing. Additionally, we tried to get answers to the following questions: Do the studied human factors (age, educational level, sex etc.) of growers determine the extension of innovation of fruit production?
Absorbing Hybridization of Cobitis Taenia and Sabanejewia Aurata (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) in Water Reservoirs of Northern Ukraine Connected with Diploid-Polyploid Complex Formation
Authors: Mezhzherin S. V , Pukhtayevych P. P , Tsyba А. А 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In the rivers of the Northern Ukraine by meams of karyological and allozyme analysys obtained extensive natural hybridization between Cobitis taenia and Sabanejewia aurata, initially leading to the formation of diploid hybrids. Besides that certain water bodies are predominantly populated by triploids of the C. taenia - C. tanaitica - S. aurata biotypes. Since the share of this kind of hybrid biotypes significantly exceeds the number of individuals of S. aurata, it is concluded that the hybridization of a common and eurybiontic C. taenia with rarer stenobiontic S. aurata, is of absorbing character.
Five New Records of Raphignathoid Mites (Acari: Raphignathoidea) from Poland/ Pięć Nowych Gatunków Roztoczy Z Nadrodziny Raphignathoidea (Acari) Stwierdzonych W Faunie Polski
Authors: Doðan Salih , Sevsay Sevgi , Mąkol Joanna , Zeytun Erhan , Buğa Evren 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Five raphignathoid (Acari: Raphignathoidea) mite species, including three of family Stigmaeidae, Eustigmaeus rhodomela (KOCH), Mediolata obtecta DÖNEL and DOĞAN, Stigmaeus glabrisetus SUMMERS, one of Cryptognathidae, Favognathus cucurbita (BERLESE), and one of Barbutiidae, Barbutia anguineus (BERLESE), are recorded as new for the Polish fauna. This is the first report of the family Barbutiidae from Poland.
Can the Spatial Point Patterns of Animal Distributions Be Detected Using Sparse Samples? A Case Study of Four Soricomorpha (Mammalia) Species in Poland / Czy Przestrzenny Wzorzec Rozkładu Punktów W Dystrybucji Zwierząt Może Zostać Określony Na Podstawie Rzadkiego Próbkowania? Studium Przypadku Na Czterech Gatunkach Soricomorpha (Mammalia) Występujących W Polsce.
Authors: Chen Youhua 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In the present study, Riley's K function and alternative spatial point process models are calculated and compared for the hybrid distributional records of four Soricomorpha species (Talpa europaea, Sorex araneus, Sorex minutus, and Neomys fodiens) in Poland over different sampling sizes. The following spatial point process models are fitted and compared: homogeneous Poisson process (HPP) and inhomogeneous Poisson process (IPP) models. For IPP models, the covariates explaining the trend are latitude and longitude. Spatial process models and true distributional aggregation status (using K function) of the four species are also calculated based on the full observed data set for the purpose to check how many grids are required to sample so as to reflect the true spatial distributional point patterns. When performind tha sampling, the sanpling size 5, 10, 30, 60 and 100 are considered. For each sampling size, 500 replicates are performed to keep consistence and reduce uncertainty. The results showed that, for the full observed data set over the whole territory of Poland, IPP models were much better than the null HPP model for explaining the distribution of Soricomorpha species. For every sample size, the true aggregation status and the associated spatial point process models of each species over the studied area can be perfectly identified when using the information derived from limiting samples only. Based on the results, it is found that around 20% of grid cells should be used as the minimum threshold for accurately detecting the true spatial point patterns
Aquaculture and Fish Welfare: Are the Rights of Fish Compromised?/ Akwakultura I Dobrostan Ryb: Czy Prawa Ryb Są Szanowane?
Authors: Mustapha Moshood K. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Fish need adequate welfare in culture even more than when they are in the wild. This is because they are held in captivity against their ‘will’. The welfare of farmed fish should start from production to consumption. Several factors have been identified as compromising the rights and welfare of fish in aquaculture. These include the aquacultural holding devices, stocking density, water quality, food and feeding regimes, diseases and parasite infestation, treatment of the diseases and parasites, handling, netting and removal before and during slaughter, methods of slaughter, fasting/ food withdrawal, unnatural dark/light photoperiods, selection for fast growth, selective and induced breeding, genetic manipulations, exposure to predators, polyculture, tagging, crowding, grading, transport and harvesting, fish attractors and accidental or deliberate introduction of genetically modified farmed fish. The best way to achieve good welfare and health of fish in aquaculture is to respect, maintain and improve the rights of fish, otherwise known as the “five freedoms.” Lack, deficiency or difficulty in having or providing any one of the five freedoms in aquaculture is an indicator of poor welfare for the fish which could be observed through physical, physiological, morphological, behavioural or environmental indicators in the fish. The best strategy for a reliable assessment of fish welfare/suffering and their impact on product quality is a multidisciplinary approach using several assessment parameters and comparing the deviations from the normal biological state with those from the wild which live in their natural, unperturbed environment. Some of the ways to achieve good welfare and safeguard the rights of the farmed fish in reducing the welfare problems were highlighted. Welfare of farmed fish should be considered in terms of ethics, productivity, economic viability and consumer’s acceptability of the final product. Consumers are becoming aware of the quality of farmed fish arising from poor welfare of the fish during culture. Improvement in fish welfare will increase profits, productivity and acceptability of the farmed fish because fish that are less stressedand humanely slaugh tered are healthier, grow better and have better meat quality. There is the need to develop common standard welfare indices for fish in culture in order to detect, correct and improve any deviation from the normal state of the fish in their aquacultural holding devices (AHD). It should be known that whatever is good in terms of welfare to humans should also be good to the fish in captivity.