bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE CONCEPTS OF GOD, MAN, AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN ISLAM: IMPLICATIONS FOR ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Omer Spahic 
Published: October 2015

This paper discusses the concepts of God, man, and the natural environment, as well as some of their implications for Islamic architecture. The paper is divided into eight sections, (1) Introduction: what is Islamic architecture?, (2) Tawhid (God’s Oneness), (3) Islam and the role of man on earth, (4) Islam and the environment, (5) The importance of built environment, (6) Peaceful and sustainable coexistence between the environment, architecture and man, (7) The unique soul of Islamic architecture, and (8) Conclusion. The nature of the paper – its content, methodology, and conclusions –, is conceptual and philosophical, rather than empirical. The paper concludes that Islamic architecture is an architecture that through its multidimensionality embodies the message of Islam. It both facilitates the Muslims’ realization of the Islamic purpose and its divine principles on earth and promotes a lifestyle generated by such a philosophy and principles. At the core of Islamic architecture lies function with all of its dimensions: corporeal, cerebral and spiritual. The role of the form is an important one too, but only inasmuch as it supplements and enhances function. <br /> <br />Keywords: Man, Islamic architecture, God, environment <br />
THE DYNAMICS OF THE FORM OF NUSANTARA MOSQUE: ARCHITECTURAL HOMOGENEITY VIS A VIS ARCHITECTURAL HYBRIDITY
Authors: Wismantara Pudji Pratitis 
Published: October 2015

<p>There are two points of departure in the design of mosque architecture in Nusantara, namely architectural homogeneity and architectural hybridity. Each provides the legitimacy of the architecture of identity formation. This paper seeks to explore the comparative, the concept of homogeneity and hybridity <br />architecture, with a critical theory approach. The results of this search is, the concept of architectural homogeneity establishing assumption that certain architectural forms are supposed to represent "universal identity and modernity" of Muslim architecture. Meanwhile, the concept of architectural hybridity to show enrichment architecture identity because of the attempt to combine aspects of the universality of Islam with locality of Nusantara. Both these aspects can be positioned as the two subjects of mutual dialogue in a parallel position. As architecture strategy, the concept of hybridity reflects the effort or ijtihad in interpreting local and universal contextuality in the contemporary conditions that are constantly evolving and open.</p><p><br />Keywords: Nusantara mosque, hybridity of architecture, homogeneity of architecture, architecture strategy</p>
THE ISLAM-ORIENTED HOUSE STRUCTURE IN KANO: A VANISHING HERITAGE IN MODERN CITY COMPOSITION
Authors: Yahya Ahmad 
Published: October 2015

he debut of colonialism along with the consequent de facto supremacy of the Western world did not only<br />negatively impact on the economy and polity of the Muslim world. It has also, to some reasonable extent,<br />polluted the social system, particularly the structure and form of cities. Human scale is gradually diminishing<br />as a yardstick for construction and is being replaced by a mathematical one. Collectivism, which used to<br />characterize Muslims' social set-up, is now being over-shadowed by stark individualism. The Islamic social<br />values which used to be the binding force that held Muslims together are now being crushed by moral<br />relativity. The situation becomes so chronic that many people begin to assume that Islam has a very negligible<br />role to play in the formation and construction of modern cities. Kano, a predominantly Muslim state in NorthWestern<br /><br />Nigeria, inherited a thousand year-old Islam-oriented building architecture which made it a model<br />Islamic city in pre-colonial Africa. Of special reference is the residential structure which no doubt reflects<br />Islamic culture. Unfortunately, this age-old heritage is now being pushed to the brink of extinction by the<br />almighty modern architecture. This paper explores the Islamic in the Kano traditional residential structure and<br />attempts to comparatively bring into light the extent to which it is diminishing in the modern building<br />architecture. The paper suggests blending the two for a peaceful and harmonious co-existence. <br /> <br /><br />
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL USING A PROCESS APPROACH
Authors: Nurrohmah Galuh 
Published: October 2015

Ketrampilan menulis merupakan jenis ketrampilan berbahasa yang membutuhkan baik kemampuan tatabahasa dan pengorganisasian ide. Untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan menulis siswa bukanlah upaya yang sederhana, tetapi merupakan upaya yang membutuhkan cara-cara tertentu. Pengajaran ketrampilan menulis yang selama ini diterapkan di kelas lebih berorientasi pada pendekatan tradisional di mana pengajar ketrampilan menulis menyuruh siswa untuk menuliskan karangan dan karangan tersebut dikumpulkan untuk dikoreksi. Pada pendekatan ini siswa tidak diberi kesempatan untuk memasuki dunia nyata dalam menulis yaitu mencari topik, membuat kerangka karangan, menuliskan draft awal, merivisi dan menulis draft akhir. Langkah-langkah tersebut bisa dijumpai dalam pendekatan proses. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan tersebut dalam pengajaran ketrampilan menulis, siswa merasakan pembelajaran yang bermakna dan siswa dapat meningkatkan ketrampilan menulis mereka. <br />
AL-BALAGHAH; ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN DISIPLIN ILMU (PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH BAHASA DAN SASTRA ARAB)
Authors: Abdul Hamid M. 
Published: October 2015

At first, the study of al balaghah was focused on the study of al ma’nani, that functions to remove lahn similar with nahwu. The history of al balaghah is divided into four stages, 1) marhalah al-nasy’ah (growth), (2) marhalah al-numuw (development), (3) marhalah al-izdizar (glory), and (4) marhalah al-dhubul (decline). In Jahiliyah era, the Arabs used al fashahah and al balaghah in their language. They were proud much on their language style in orang language, however the al-balaghah was not constructed as a field of knowledge yet. During Bani Ummaya era, there were many khitabaat, asy’ar and natsr contributing to the development al-balaghah as a field of study. Furthermore, in Bani Abbasiyyah era, al balaghah as a field of study was well formed so that mustholahaat on the discussion of balaghah was defined and well ordered. In the following era, al balaghah declined without significant development.
SEJARAH PROSA IMAGINATIF (NOVEL) ARAB; DARI KLASIK HINGGA KONTEMPORER
Authors: Kamil Sukron 
Published: October 2015

Though the tradition of classic Arab was not prose, the Arabic fiction prose has developed since the end of Umayya Dinasty. The factors contributing to this development are the Qur’an that contains many stories and translation of fiction from Persian. Started from folklore and then translation, the Arabic fiction developed rapidly, followed by the publishing of short novels. Furthermore, there was a kind of fiction called maqamat. The Arabic fiction developed in the classic period in the East of Arab was romantic fiction, while at the West part of Arab the development of classical fiction was marked by the works of romantic fictions by Ibn Al-Syahid and philosophical romantic fiction by Ibn Thufail. In modern era Arabic fiction was characterized with the translated works of Al Thanthawi. Then it was developed further by Al-Manfaluthi, a poet of classic and romantic. Novel Zainab by Husein Haikal indicated the birth of modern novels, followed by Taufik Hakim. Thaha Husein also developed Arabic fiction works that are still read nowadays. However, through Najib Mahfudz’s various works ranging from historical romantic, realist, and philosophical symbolic, the Arabic fiction claimed the world’s acknowledgement. The most recent trend of Arabic fiction is that the metaphysical and inter-textual novels come into light.
AL-NUSHUUSH AL-DINIYYAH WA TARJAMATUHA
Authors: Mustofa Bisri 
Published: October 2015

Al-Nushuush Al-Diniyyah or divine texts are not the same as other texts. In translating the texts, it does not only need linguistics such as nahwu (sintax), sharaf (morphology) or mufradat (semantic). Nor the methods usually used in other text. Al-Quran and Al-Hadits have different and special characteristics so that in translating it, a translator have to own interdisciplinary knowledge and master the appropriate translating technique. This is because translating the divine texts (Al-Quran and Al-Hadits) also interpret it so that the most important method in translating the divine texts is Thariqah al-Tarjamah al-Tafsiriyah (Interpreting Method), not literal translation. <br />
AFIKS TIDAK BAKU DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA RAGAM INFORMAL
Authors: Zen Evynurul Laily 
Published: October 2015

This paper discusses the form and meaning of conjunctive relation and how conjunctive relation is translated from source language into target language. The different system of amongst languages in forming words, sentences or paragraph might represent peculiar form and meaning. As a part of element in determining logical meaning, conjunctive relation can be in the form of conjunction, verb, noun, preposition and implicit. Those forms signal how unity of a text constructed. In translation, the use of conjunctive relation forms frequently make problem for translators since it is closely related to logical meaning in a text. In translating text, different meaning between two languages should be occasionally translated into different form and meaning of the two languages. To understand a text comprehensively, a reader must know the unity of a text. One of the aspects to determine unity of a text in translation is conjunctive relation. The unity of a text can be covered with the conjunctive relation which signal logical relation among clauses, sentences and paragraph, so that in translation cohesiveness of a text is interpreted well both in source text and target text.
THE REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN SCIENTIST IN AGORA
Authors: Rahayu Mundi 
Published: October 2015

The research aims to explore the representation of woman scientist in film Agora. Agora is a film focusing on the life of a woman scientist and philosopher named Hypatia who lived in Alexandria at the end of 4th A.D. The research uses semiotics that is applied to explore the signs and the meaning of the film. The signs are in the forms of visual and verbal signs, such as the image, dialogue, setting of place, plot, character, narration, etc. The result of the analysis shows that Hypatia is represented as a legend in astronomy and philosophy who dedicated all her life for science. Beside represented as a scientist, Hypatia is also an icon of sexual freedom though her choice for not getting married. She wants to make sure that she gets her liberty as any other man so that she is able to pursue the knowledge. Her reputation as a scientist, a rationalist, a skeptics bring her into her own symbolical power. Such symbolical power and unwillingness to subjugate to the dominant power leads her to her tragic end of her life. Hypatia is one of the first victims in the clash of science and the intolerance of religion. Though some historical inaccuracy, the films shows that the film maker confidently made a particular interpretation on the history. The social cultural setting of the story is on the rise of Christianity and the fall of Paganism in Alexandria at the end of 4 AD. This culminated in the destruction of the famous Library of Alexandria, where the largest part of the ancient Greek knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, philosophy and literature was preserved.<br />Keywords: Agora, Hypatia, Representation of Woman, Alexandria, Pagan<br /><br />
PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD SHAHRUR TENTANG RELASI FILSAFAT BAHASA DAN MODERNITAS
Authors: Esha Muhammad In’am 
Published: October 2015

Study on philosophy of language, especially on contemporary Islamic thinker, is very needed for enriching thinking spectrum on this object. We hope this paper can open our horizon on this topics and enhance our knowledge especially on philosophy of language in Islamic perspective. This paper affords to describe Shahrur’s thought on relation between philosophy of language and modernity. Important findings of the paper are: first, language as important reality in human life. With language realities of human life can be articulated well. So, language is a mirror of reality. Second, when we understand that “language as mirror of reality”, actually we make language passively. Shahrur’s philosophical thought on language gives us understanding that language can be functioned as active tool for developing progressive ethos and value for supporting modernity in Islamic world. Third, Philosophy of language gives us possibility for raising a new horizon of understanding on language as object of study.<br />Keywords: Shahrur, Filsafat Bahasa, Modernitas<br /><br />
Abutment Coating With Diamond‐Like Carbon Films to Reduce Implant–Abutment Bacterial Leakage
Authors: Cardoso Mayra , Sangalli Jorgiana , Koga‐Ito Cristiane Yumi , Ferreira Leandro Lameirão , da Silva Sobrinho Argemiro Soares , Nogueira Lafayette 
Published: October 2015

Background: The influence of diamond‐like carbon (DLC) films on bacterial leakage through the interface between abutments and dental implants of external hexagon (EH) and internal hexagon (IH) designs was evaluated.Methods: Film deposition was performed by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Sets of implants and abutments (n = 30 per group, sets of 180 implants) were divided according to connection design and treatment of the abutment base: 1) no treatment (control); 2) DLC film deposition; and 3) Ag‐DLC film deposition. Under sterile conditions, 1 μL Enterococcus faecalis was inoculated inside the implants, and abutments were tightened. The sets were tested for immediate external contamination, suspended in test tubes containing sterile culture broth, and followed for 5 days. Turbidity of the broth indicated bacterial leakage. At the end of the period, the abutments were removed and the internal content of the implants was collected with paper points and plated in Petri dishes. After 24‐hour incubation, they were assessed for bacterial viability and colony‐forming unit counting. Bacterial leakage was analyzed by χ2 and Fisher exact tests (α = 5%).Results: The percentage of bacterial leakage was 16.09% for EH implants and 80.71% for IH implants (P <0.0001). The bacterial load was higher inside IH implants (P = 0.000). The type of implant significantly influenced the results (P = 0.000), whereas the films did not (P = 0.487).Conclusion: IH implants show a higher frequency of bacterial leakage; and DLC and Ag‐DLC films do not significantly reduce the frequency of bacterial leakage and bacteria load inside the implants.
Osteochondral Lesions at the Interphalangeal Joint of the Hallux
Authors: Figueiredo Sergio A.L. , Machado Luis M.L. , Rodrigues Jose-Maria F. , Sa Antonio E.S. 
Published: October 2015

Case:
A case of bilateral osteochondral lesions of the first phalanx of the hallux is reported. Despite this, only one foot was symptomatic. We resected the lesion and tightened the capsule without bone-graft interposition with good clinical results.

Conclusion:
This case suggests that not all osteochondral lesions of the first phalanx of the hallux manifest clinically and that less aggressive treatments seem to be effective.
Hemodialysis-Associated Spondylodiscitis of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Shaw K. Aaron , Boomsma Shawn E. , Johnson Peter C. , Gloystein David M. 
Published: October 2015

Case:
A fifty-seven-year-old, hemodialysis-dependent man presented with a one-month history of progressive neck pain and paresthesias of the upper extremities. Radiographic examination demonstrated collapse of the C5 and C6 vertebrae with resultant kyphosis and spinal cord compression.

Conclusion:
The patient underwent a staged anterior debridement with C5 and C6 corpectomies, cage placement, and plate fixation of C4 to C7, followed by a posterior arthrodesis from C4 to C7. He completed a six-week course of intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of Staphylococcus epidermidis spondylodiscitis, followed by suppressive oral antibiotics. At one year of follow-up, he had no residual neck pain or neurological signs or symptoms.
Orthodontics is temporomandibular disorder–neutral
Authors: Manfredini Daniele , Stellini Edoardo , Gracco Antonio , Lombardo Luca , Nardini Luca Guarda , Siciliani Giuseppe 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To assess if subjects with a clinical diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have a similar prevalence of orthodontic history as a population of TMD-free individuals and to assess if those subjects who have a history of ideal orthodontics have fewer symptoms than those with a history of nonideal orthodontics.

Materials and Methods:
Two groups of age- and sex-matched individuals belonging to either a study (“TMD”) or a control group were recruited. Subjects who underwent orthodontic treatment were classified as having a history of ideal or nonideal orthodontics based on the current presence of normal values in five reference occlusal features.

Results:
The correlation with a history of orthodontic treatment was not clinically significant for any of the TMD diagnoses (ie, muscle pain, joint pain, disc displacement, arthrosis), with Phi (Φ) coefficient values within the −0.120 to 0.058 range. Within the subset of patients with a history of orthodontics, the correlation of ideal or nonideal orthodontic treatment with TMD diagnoses was, in general, not clinically relevant or was weakly relevant.

Conclusions:
Findings confirmed the substantial absence of clinically significant effects of orthodontics as far as TMD is concerned. The very low correlation values of a negative or positive history of ideal or nonideal orthodontics with the different TMD diagnoses suggest that orthodontic treatment could not have a true role for TMD.
Acute Kidney Injury Predicts Major Adverse Outcomes in Diabetes: Synergic Impact With Low Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria
Authors: Monseu Mathilde , Gand Elise , Saulnier Pierre-Jean , Ragot Stéphanie , Piguel Xavier , Zaoui Philippe , Rigalleau Vincent , Marechaud Richard , Roussel Ronan , Hadjadj Samy , Halimi Jean-Michel 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE
Subjects with diabetes are prone to the development of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular complications. In separate studies, acute kidney injury (AKI), albuminuria, and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were shown to predict adverse outcomes, but, when considered together, their respective prognostic value is unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients with type 2 diabetes consecutively recruited in the SURDIAGENE cohort were prospectively followed up for major diabetes-related events, as adjudicated by an independent committee: death (with cause), major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, amputation, and arterial revascularization), and renal failure (i.e., sustained doubling of serum creatinine level or end-stage renal disease).

RESULTS
Intrahospital AKI occurred in 411 of 1,371 patients during the median follow-up period of 69 months. In multivariate analyses, AKI was significantly associated with cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death, including cancer-related death. In multivariate analyses, AKI was a powerful predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure requiring hospitalization, myocardial infarction, stroke, lower-limb amputation or revascularization, and carotid artery revascularization. AKI, eGFR, and albuminuria, even when simultaneously considered in multivariate models, predicted all-cause and cardiovascular deaths. All three renal biomarkers were also prognostic of most adverse outcomes and of the risk of renal failure.

CONCLUSIONS
AKI, low eGFR, and elevated albuminuria, separately or together, are compelling biomarkers of major adverse outcomes and death in diabetes.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of orbifloxacin oral suspension in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Watson Megan K. , Wittenburg Luke A. , Bui Christine T. , Jarosz Kira A. , Gustafson Daniel L. , Johnston Matthew S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of 2 doses of orbifloxacin in rabbits.
ANIMALS 6 healthy purpose-bred adult female New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).
PROCEDURES Each of 3 rabbits received orbifloxacin at either 10 or 20 mg/kg, PO. Then, after a 1-week washout period, they received the same dose IV. Blood samples were collected from each rabbit at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after drug administration. Plasma orbifloxacin concentration was measured with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental analysis for data obtained following PO administration and noncompartmental and compartmental analyses for data obtained following IV administration.
RESULTS Following oral administration, the mean ± SD peak plasma orbifloxacin concentration was 1.66 ± 0.51 μg/mL for rabbits administered the 10 mg/kg dose and 3.00 ± 0.97 μg/mL for rabbits administered the 20 mg/kg dose and was attained at 2 hours after drug administration. The mean ± SD half-life of orbifloxacin in plasma was 7.3 ± 1.1 hours for rabbits administered the 10 mg/kg dose and 8.6 ± 0.55 hours for rabbits administered the 20 mg/kg dose. Mean bioavailability was 52.5% for rabbits administered the 10 mg/kg dose and 46.5% for rabbits administered the 20 mg/kg dose.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results provided pharmacokinetic properties for 2 doses (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) of orbifloxacin oral suspension in rabbits. Further studies are necessary to determine the protein-binding activity of orbifloxacin in rabbits before dosages for the treatment of common pathogens in this species are recommended.
Influence of biomechanical parameters on cranial cruciate ligament–deficient or –intact canine stifle joints assessed by use of a computer simulation model
Authors: Brown Nathan P. , Bertocci Gina E. , Marcellin-Little Denis J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of 4 biomechanical parameters on canine cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-intact and -deficient stifle joints.
SAMPLE Data for computer simulations of a healthy 5-year-old 33-kg neutered male Golden Retriever in a previously developed 3-D rigid body pelvic limb computer model simulating the stance phase during walking.
PROCEDURES Canine stifle joint biomechanics were assessed when biomechanical parameters (CrCL stiffness, CrCL prestrain, body weight, and stifle joint friction coefficient) were altered in the pelvic limb computer simulation model. Parameters were incrementally altered from baseline values to determine the influence on stifle joint outcome measures (ligament loads, relative tibial translation, and relative tibial rotation). Stifle joint outcome measures were compared between CrCL-intact and -deficient stifle joints for the range of parameters evaluated.
RESULTS In the CrCL-intact stifle joint, ligament loads were most sensitive to CrCL prestrain. In the CrCL-deficient stifle joint, ligament loads were most sensitive to body weight. Relative tibial translation was most sensitive to body weight, whereas relative tibial rotation was most sensitive to CrCL prestrain.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, computer model sensitivity analyses predicted that CrCL prestrain and body weight influenced stifle joint biomechanics. Cranial cruciate ligament laxity may influence the likelihood of CrCL deficiency. Body weight could play an important role in management of dogs with a CrCL-deficient stifle joint.