bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Oxygen‐Limitation on Lipid Oxidation and Moisture Content in Corn Oil at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Park Jung Woo , Kim Ji Young , Kim Mi‐Ja , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe role of oxygen‐limitation on lipid oxidation and moisture content were tested in corn oil heated to 60, 100, and 140 °C. The degree of oxidation was determined by analyzing headspace oxygen content, conjugated dienoic acids (CDA), and p‐anisidine value (p‐AV). The moisture content in bulk oil was analyzed by the Karl Fischer method. Oxygen‐limited samples heated to 100 and 140 °C had significantly more lipid oxidation than oxygen‐unlimited samples at early timepoints (p < 0.05). After this period, the oxygen‐unlimited samples had more lipid oxidation based on CDA and p‐AV assays. During those initial periods, oxygen‐limited samples had significantly higher moisture content than oxygen‐unlimited samples (p < 0.05), which implies that moisture content in oils plays an important role in the rate of lipid oxidation. The increased moisture content in bulk oil under oxygen‐limited conditions is due to headspace moisture rather than moisture inside the oil. However, the effects of oxygen‐limitation on lipid oxidation were less clear at 60 °C than at 100 or 140 °C.
Fractionation of Canola Biodiesel Sediment for Quantification of Steryl Glucosides with HPLC/ELSD
Authors: Haagenson Darrin M. , Perleberg James R. , Wiesenborn Dennis P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSteryl glucosides (SG) and other trace contaminants in biodiesel may cause filter plugging and engine performance issues, most notably in temperate regions that experience low temperatures. While sediments have been characterized from palm, soybean, and European rapeseed biodiesel, identification of the causative agents and sediment components derived from North American canola (Brassica napus) feedstocks is lacking. Analytic methods used to quantify sediment constituents are time consuming and sample heterogeneity may lead to decreased lab precision. The objectives of this research were to develop a method to fractionate biodiesel sediment in order to confirm and quantify the presence of SG in canola biodiesel. A reverse phase HPLC method with evaporative light scattering detection was modified to confirm the presence of SG from sediments collected at three North American canola biodiesel processing facilities. SG was confirmed in two of three sediment samples where 25.1 and 9.5 wt% of total sediment was SG. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of SG and provided a rapid method for qualitative confirmation of sediment composition. A third sediment had no detectable SG, but contained a clay filter aide as confirmed by ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy.
Rare graphic textures of cinnabar–stibnite and cinnabar–chalcopyrite pairs and their genesis
Authors: Vasil’ev V.I. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We consider the rare graphic textures of cinnabar–stibnite and cinnabar–chalcopyrite pairs from the Khaidarkan Sb–Hg deposit (Kyrgyzstan) and the Idermeg-Bayan-Haan-Uul polysulfide–fluorite complex deposit (Mongolia). They resemble the ridge pattern on finger skin. Typical signs suggest the formation of the cinnabar–stibnite graphic texture in two stages of hypogene mineralization: (1) interstitial replacement of granulated stibnite by cinnabar and (2) local recrystallization of combined aggregates during the dynamic metamorphism of the ores with partial migration of substance and the formation of “ordered” graphic textures. This texture is named “the graphic texture of hypogene recrystallization.”
The formation of the cinnabar–chalcopyrite graphic texture, which has been observed for the first time, is attributed to direct hypogene replacement of cinnabar by chalcopyrite. Chalcopyrite crystallization along the contacts of cinnabar grains is accompanied by the growth of the replacement area. It is proposed to name this texture “the graphic texture of hypogene replacement.” The causes of the selective replacement of cinnabar by chalcopyrite, which gave rise to this peculiar texture, remain uncertain.
Quartzite transformation as a consequence of late tectonic events in the evolution of the Chuya and Gargan blocks
Authors: Makrygina V.A. , Fedorov A.M. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We consider the evolution of the tectonic setting and geochemical features of rocks in ultrapure quartz areas of the Baikal region. These are the Chuya uplift of the northern Baikal region, with the Tyya quartz deposit, as well as the Bural-Sar’dag and other deposits in the Gargan block of East Sayan. Similarities are observed in the sedimentation and tectonic evolution of the regions. The conditions of the deposition of quartzites (forearc basins within siliceous-carbonate rocks with slight tholeiitic volcanism and a small amount of terrigenous material) ensure their relative initial purity. Low-grade quartzite-bearing strata are bedded or thrust by collision over an older high-grade basement consisting of a tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite association (Gargan block) or active-continental-margin metavolcanics (Chuya uplift). Migmatization of the basement and the intrusion of granitoids therein cause its uplifting and fault displacements and erosion of the overlying rocks. If the thrusting is associated with retrograde metamorphism of the basement and progressive metamorphism of the cover, backward motion can cause only quartz recrystallization with its purification and the grinding of the other minerals. This leads to the formation of lenses of “superquartzites,” mylonites, cataclasites, and breccias in the autochthon–allochthon suture and within the allochthon.
Geology and mineralogy of East Kazakhstan gold-bearing jasperoids (by the example of the Baybura ore field)
Authors: Kuz’mina O.N. , D’yachkov B.A. , Vladimirov A.G. , Kirillov M.V. , Redin Yu.O. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Gold-bearing ore occurrences and deposits in jasperoids are objects of a new unconventional type widespread in the West Kalba auriferous belt in eastern Kazakhstan. We present original data on the structural and geologic position and mineralogy of gold-bearing jasperoids of the Baybura ore field, which is a standard object of this type in eastern Kazakhstan. Gold-bearing jasperoids are localized here in shale–carbonate strata of island-arc type (C1) that underwent metasomatism in superintrusive zones of the Kunush complex plagiogranites (C3). Free finely dispersed gold shows typical signs of hypogenous changes. The content of Au varies from 0.1 to 33.5 ppm, and that of Ag, from 0.05 to 2.5 ppm. Based on the data obtained, a geologo-genetic model of the formation of the Baybura gold-bearing jasperoids is proposed. According to the model, the ore deposition is related to the impact of juvenile fluids of plagiogranitic magma on carbonate substrate. The main factors determining the evolution of gold-bearing metasomatites are their localization in zones of high tectonic activity and a drastic change in the acidity–alkalinity regime of solutions in the carbonate environment. Native gold grains are extremely fine and thin and contain a permanent impurity of Hg (0.2–0.7 wt.%). In mineralogical and geochemical features the gold mineralization of the Baybura ore field is similar to that of the Suzdal’ deposit and can be assigned to the Carlin type.
Subglacially precipitated carbonates record geochemical interactions and pollen preservation at the base of the Laurentide Ice Sheet on central Baffin Island, eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Refsnider Kurt A. , Miller Gifford H. , Fogel Marilyn L. , Fréchette Bianca , Bowden Roxane , Andrews John T. , Farmer G. Lang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe mineralogy and isotopic compositions of subglacially precipitated carbonate crusts (SPCCs) provide information on conditions and processes beneath former glaciers and ice sheets. Here we describe SPCCs formed on gneissic bedrock at the bed of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during the last glacial maximum on central Baffin Island. Geochemical data indicate that the Ca in the crusts was likely derived from the subglacial chemical weathering Ca-bearing minerals in the local bedrock. C and Sr isotopic analyses reveal that the C in the calcite was derived predominantly from older plant debris. The δ18O values of the SPCCs suggest that these crusts formed in isotopic equilibrium with basal ice LIS preserved in the Barnes Ice Cap (BIC). Columnar crystal fabric and the predominance of sparite over micrite in the SPCCs are indicative of carbonate precipitation under open-system conditions. However, the mean δ18O value of the calcite crusts is ~ 10‰ higher than those of primary LIS ice preserved in the BIC, demonstrating that SPCCs record the isotopic composition of only basal ice. Palynomorph assemblages preserved within the calcite and basal BIC ice include species last endemic to the Arctic in the early Tertiary. The source of these palynomorphs remains enigmatic.
Argonaute 2 sustains the gene expression program driving human monocytic differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Iosue I , Quaranta R , Masciarelli S , Fontemaggi G , Batassa E M , Bertolami C , Ottone T , Divona M , Salvatori B , Padula F , Fatica A , Lo-Coco F , Nervi C , Fazi F 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMicroRNAs are key regulators of many biological processes, including cell differentiation. These small RNAs exert their function assembled in the RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs), where members of Argonaute (Ago) family of proteins provide a unique platform for target recognition and gene silencing. Here, by using myeloid cell lines and primary blasts, we show that Ago2 has a key role in human monocytic cell fate determination and in LPS-induced inflammatory response of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3)-treated myeloid cells. The silencing of Ago2 impairs the D3-dependent miR-17-5p/20a/106a, miR-125b and miR-155 downregulation, the accumulation of their translational targets AML1, VDR and C/EBPβ and monocytic cell differentiation. Moreover, we show that Ago2 is recruited on miR-155 host gene promoter and on the upstream region of an overlapping antisense lncRNA, determining their epigenetic silencing, and miR-155 downregulation. These findings highlight Ago2 as a new factor in myeloid cell fate determination in acute myeloid leukemia cells.
Hydrogen-induced nanotunnel opening within semiconductor subsurface
Authors: Soukiassian Patrick , Wimmer Erich , Celasco Edvige , Giallombardo Claudia , Bonanni Simon , Vattuone Luca , Savio Letizia , Tejeda Antonio , Silly Mathieu , D’angelo Marie , Sirotti Fausto , Rocca Mario 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOne of the key steps in nanotechnology is our ability to engineer and fabricate low-dimensional nano-objects, such as quantum dots, nanowires, two-dimensional atomic layers or three-dimensional nano-porous systems. Here we report evidence of nanotunnel opening within the subsurface region of a wide band-gap semiconductor, silicon carbide. Such an effect is induced by selective hydrogen/deuterium interaction at the surface, which possesses intrinsic compressive stress. This finding is established with a combination of ab-initio computations, vibrational spectroscopy and synchrotron-radiation-based photoemission. Hydrogen/deuterium-induced puckering of the subsurface Si atoms marks the critical step in this nanotunnel opening. Depending on hydrogen/deuterium coverages, the nanotunnels are either metallic or semiconducting. Dangling bonds generated inside the nanotunnel offer a promising template to capture atoms or molecules. These features open nano-tailoring capabilities towards advanced applications in electronics, chemistry, storage, sensors or biotechnology. Understanding and controlling such a mechanism open routes towards surface/interface functionalization.
Identifying high-risk areas of bacillary dysentery and associated meteorological factors in Wuhan, China
Authors: Li Zhenjun , Wang Ligui , Sun Weige , Hou Xuexin , Yang Haiyan , Sun Lina , Xu Shuai , Sun Qiangzheng , Zhang Jingshan , Song Hongbin , Lin Hualiang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSpatial distribution of bacillary dysentery incidence was mapped at the district level in Wuhan, China. And a generalized additive time series model was used to examine the effect of daily weather factors on bacillary dysentery in the high-risk areas, after controlling for potential confounding factors. Central districts were found to be the high-risk areas. The time series analysis found an acute effect of meteorological factors on bacillary dysentery occurrence. A positive association was found for mean temperature (excess risk (ER) for 1°C increase being 0.94% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46% to 1.43% on the lag day 2), while a negative effect was observed for relative humidity and rainfall, the ER for 1% increase in relative humidity was −0.21% (95% CI: −0.34% to −0.08%) and the ER for 1 mm increase in rainfall was −0.23% (95% CI: −0.37% to −0.09%). This study suggests that bacillary dysentery prevention and control strategy should consider local weather variations.
Superior Field Emission Properties of Layered WS2-RGO Nanocomposites
Authors: Rout Chandra Sekhar , Joshi Padmashree D. , Kashid Ranjit V. , Joag Dilip S. , More Mahendra A. , Simbeck Adam J. , Washington Morris , Nayak Saroj K. , Late Dattatray J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report here the field emission studies of a layered WS2-RGO composite at the base pressure of ~1 × 10−8 mbar. The turn on field required to draw a field emission current density of 1 μA/cm2 is found to be 3.5, 2.3 and 2 V/μm for WS2, RGO and the WS2-RGO composite respectively. The enhanced field emission behavior observed for the WS2-RGO nanocomposite is attributed to a high field enhancement factor of 2978, which is associated with the surface protrusions of the single-to-few layer thick sheets of the nanocomposite. The highest current density of ~800 μA/cm2 is drawn at an applied field of 4.1 V/μm from a few layers of the WS2-RGO nanocomposite. Furthermore, first-principles density functional calculations suggest that the enhanced field emission may also be due to an overalp of the electronic structures of WS2 and RGO, where graphene-like states are dumped in the region of the WS2 fundamental gap.
High-density Two-Dimensional Small Polaron Gas in a Delta-Doped Mott Insulator
Authors: Ouellette Daniel G. , Moetakef Pouya , Cain Tyler A. , Zhang Jack Y. , Stemmer Susanne , Emin David , Allen S. James 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHeterointerfaces in complex oxide systems open new arenas in which to test models of strongly correlated material, explore the role of dimensionality in metal-insulator-transitions (MITs) and small polaron formation. Close to the quantum critical point Mott MITs depend on band filling controlled by random disordered substitutional doping. Delta-doped Mott insulators are potentially free of random disorder and introduce a new arena in which to explore the effect of electron correlations and dimensionality. Epitaxial films of the prototypical Mott insulator GdTiO3 are delta-doped by substituting a single (GdO)+1 plane with a monolayer of charge neutral SrO to produce a two-dimensional system with high planar doping density. Unlike metallic SrTiO3 quantum wells in GdTiO3 the single SrO delta-doped layer exhibits thermally activated DC and optical conductivity that agree in a quantitative manner with predictions of small polaron transport but with an extremely high two-dimensional density of polarons, ~7 × 1014 cm−2.
Coexistence of sexual individuals and genetically isolated asexual counterparts in a thrips
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuya , Yoshimura Jin , Hasegawa Eisuke 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSex is a paradoxical phenomenon because it is less efficient compared with asexual reproduction. To resolve this paradox we need a direct comparison between sexual and asexual forms. In many organisms, however, sexual and asexual forms do not occur in the same habitat, or at the same time. In a few cases where sexual and asexual forms are found in a single population, some (though rare) genetic exchange is usually detected between the two forms. When genetic exchange occurs a direct comparison is impossible. Here we investigate a thrips exhibiting both sexual and asexual forms (lineages) that are morphologically indistinguishable. We examine if the two forms are genetically isolated. Phylogeny based on nuclear genes confirms that the sexual and asexual lineages are genetically differentiated. Thus we demonstrate that the current system has certain advantages over existing and previously used model systems in the evolution of sexual reproduction.
Mutations in the lipoyltransferaseLIPT1gene cause a fatal disease associated with a specific lipoylation defect of the 2-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes
Authors: Tort Frederic , Ferrer-Cortès Xènia , Thió Marta , Navarro-Sastre Aleix , Matalonga Leslie , Quintana Ester , Bujan Núria , Arias Angela , García-Villoria Judit , Acquaviva Cecile , Vianey-Saban Christine , Artuch Rafael , García-Cazorla Àngels , Briones Paz , Ribes Antonia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCofactor disorders of mitochondrial energy metabolism are a heterogeneous group of diseases with a wide variety of clinical symptoms, particular metabolic profiles and variable enzymatic defects. Mutations in NFU1, BOLA3, LIAS and IBA57 have been identified in patients with deficient lipoic acid-dependent enzymatic activities and defects in the assembly and activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. Here, we report a patient with an early onset fatal lactic acidosis presenting a biochemical phenotype compatible with a combined defect of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHC) and 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-KGDH) activities, which suggested a deficiency in lipoic acid metabolism. Immunostaining analysis showed that lipoylated E2-PDH and E2-KGDH were extremely reduced in this patient. However, the absence of glycine elevation, the normal activity of the glycine cleavage system and the normal lipoylation of the H protein suggested a defect of lipoic acid transfer to particular proteins rather than a general impairment of lipoic acid biosynthesis as the potential cause of the disease. By analogy with yeast metabolism, we postulated LIPT1 as the altered candidate gene causing the disease. Sequence analysis of the human LIPT1 identified two heterozygous missense mutations (c.212C&gt;T and c.292C&gt;G), segregating in different alleles. Functional complementation experiments in patient's fibroblasts demonstrated that these mutations are disease-causing and that LIPT1 protein is required for lipoylation and activation of 2-ketoacid dehydrogenases in humans. These findings expand the spectrum of genetic defects associated with lipoic acid metabolism and provide the first evidence of a lipoic acid transfer defect in humans.
UnSplicer: mapping spliced RNA-seq reads in compact genomes and filtering noisy splicing
Authors: Burns Paul D. , Li Yang , Ma Jian , Borodovsky Mark 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Accurate mapping of spliced RNA-Seq reads to genomic DNA has been known as a challenging problem. Despite significant efforts invested in developing efficient algorithms, with the human genome as a primary focus, the best solution is still not known. A recently introduced tool, TrueSight, has demonstrated better performance compared with earlier developed algorithms such as TopHat and MapSplice. To improve detection of splice junctions, TrueSight uses information on statistical patterns of nucleotide ordering in intronic and exonic DNA. This line of research led to yet another new algorithm, UnSplicer, designed for eukaryotic species with compact genomes where functional alternative splicing is likely to be dominated by splicing noise. Genome-specific parameters of the new algorithm are generated by GeneMark-ES, an ab initio gene prediction algorithm based on unsupervised training. UnSplicer shares several components with TrueSight; the difference lies in the training strategy and the classification algorithm. We tested UnSplicer on RNA-Seq data sets of Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Drosophila melanogaster. We have shown that splice junctions inferred by UnSplicer are in better agreement with knowledge accumulated on these well-studied genomes than predictions made by earlier developed tools.
Globulin Expression in Grain of Australian Hard Wheat Cultivars Is Affected by Growth Environment
Authors: Hasniza M. Z. Noor , Copeland Les , Wilkes Meredith A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTOur aim was to study changes in wheat proteomes across different growth locations as the first step in linking protein composition with functional changes in grains produced with commercial production systems. Soluble and insoluble proteins were extracted sequentially from grain of three commercial wheat cultivars grown at four locations in New South Wales, Australia, during a single season. Bands were separated with SDS‐PAGE and identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Quantitative changes in the electrophoretic patterns were observed mainly in the insoluble polypeptides of molecular mass 40,000–70,000 for all three cultivars grown at two of the four locations. These proteins were identified as mainly globulin and serpin isoforms, as well as triticin. Other proteins with changed expression included disease‐resistance proteins, class III peroxidase, starch branching enzyme I, β‐amylase, and storage proteins. Two‐dimensional electrophoretic analysis was performed on two of the same wheat cultivars grown at one of the locations during two consecutive seasons. Protein spots that varied between seasons consisted of globulin and serpin isoforms, triticin, HMW glutenin, γ‐gliadin, starch branching enzyme IIb, and α‐amylase. The implications of the upregulation of globulin and triticin on whole meal flour quality, through their participation in polymerization of the gluten network, are considered.
Novel Molecular Targets of Dezocine and Their Clinical Implications
Authors: Liu Renyu , Huang Xi-Ping , Yeliseev Alexei , Xi Jin , Roth Bryan L. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background:
Although dezocine is a partial μ-opioid receptor agonist, it is not a controlled substance. Thus, the characterization of the molecular targets of dezocine is critical for scientific and clinical implications. The goal of this study is to characterize molecular targets for dezocine and determine their implications.

Methods:
A binding screen for dezocine was performed on 44 available receptors and transporter proteins. Functional assays for the novel targets were performed along with computation calculations to locate the binding site. A G protein activation study was performed for the human κ opioid receptor to determine whether dezocine is a κ-antagonist. Data are presented as mean ± standard error.

Results:
The affinities for dezocine were 3.7 ± 0.7 nM for the μ receptor, 527 ± 70 nM for the δ-receptor, and 31.9 ± 1.9 nM for the κ-receptor. Dezocine failed to induce G protein activation with κ-opioid receptor and concentration dependently inhibited κ-agonist (salvinorin A and nalbuphine)–induced receptor activation, indicating that dezocine is a κ-antagonist. Two novel molecular targets (norepinephrine transporter and serotonin transporter) were identified. Dezocine concentration-dependently inhibited norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake in vitro. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (expressed as pIC50) were 5.68 ± 0.11 for norepinephrine transporter and 5.86 ± 0.17 for serotonin transporter. Dezocine occupied the binding site for known norepinephrine transporter and serotonin transporter inhibitors.

Conclusions:
The unique molecular pharmacological profile of dezocine as a partial μ-receptor agonist, a κ-receptor antagonist, and a norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor (via norepinephrine transporter and serotonin transporter) was revealed. These discoveries reveal potentially important novel clinical implications and drug interactions of dezocine.