bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood abuse and neglect in relation to the presence and persistence of psychotic and depressive symptomatology
Authors: van Dam D. S. , van Nierop M. , Viechtbauer W. , Velthorst E. , van Winkel R. ,   Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) investigators, Bruggeman R. , Cahn W. , de Haan L. , Kahn R. S. , Meijer C. J. , Myin-Germeys I. , van Os J. , Wiersma D. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundThe association between childhood trauma and psychotic and depressive symptomatology is well established. However, less is known about the specificity and course of these symptoms in relation to childhood trauma.MethodIn a large sample (n = 2765) of patients with psychosis (n = 1119), their siblings (n = 1057) and controls (n = 589), multivariate (mixed-effects) regression analyses with multiple outcomes were performed to examine the association between childhood trauma and psychotic and depressive symptomatology over a 3-year period.ResultsA dose–response relationship was found between childhood trauma and psychosis. Abuse was more strongly associated with positive symptoms than with negative symptoms whereas the strength of the associations between neglect and positive and negative symptoms was comparable. In patients, similar associations between childhood trauma and psychotic or depressive symptoms were found, and in siblings and controls, stronger associations were found between trauma and depressive symptomatology. Childhood trauma was not related to a differential course of symptoms over a 3-year time period.ConclusionsIn congruence with earlier work, our findings suggest that childhood trauma, and abuse in particular, is associated with (subthreshold) psychosis. However, childhood trauma does not seem to be associated with a differential course of symptoms, nor does it uniquely heighten the chance of developing (subthreshold) psychotic symptomatology. Our results indicate that trauma may instead contribute to a shared vulnerability for psychotic and depressive symptoms.
Personality and suicide risk: the impact of economic crisis in Japan
Authors: Tanji F. , Kakizaki M. , Sugawara Y. , Watanabe I. , Nakaya N. , Minami Y. , Fukao A. , Tsuji I. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundThe interactive effect of personal factors and social factors upon suicide risk is unclear. We conducted prospective cohort study to investigate whether the impact of the economic crisis in 1997–1998 upon suicide risk differed according to Neuroticism and Psychoticism personality traits.MethodsThe Miyagi Cohort Study in Japan with a follow-up for 19 years from 1990 to 2008 has 29 432 subjects aged 40–64 years at baseline who completed a questionnaire about various health habits and the Japanese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised Short Form in 1990.ResultsThe suicide mortality rate increased from 4.6 per 100 000 person-years before 1998 to 27.8 after 1998. Although both Neuroticism and Psychoticism were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality during the whole period from 1990 to 2008, the impact of the economic crisis upon suicide risk differed between the Neuroticism and Psychoticism personality traits. Compared with the lowest category, the hazard ratios (HRs) for the highest Neuroticism increased from 0.66 before 1998 to 2.45 after 1998. On the other hand, the HRs for the highest Psychoticism decreased from 7.85 before 1998 to 2.05 after 1998.ConclusionsThe impact of the 1997–1998 economic crisis upon suicide risk differed according to personality. Suicide risk increased among these with higher Neuroticism after the economic crisis, but this was not the case for other personality subscales.
Consuming maps and producing space. Explaining regional variations in the reception and agency of mapmaking in the Low Countries during the medieval and early modern periods
Authors: DE KEYZER MAÏKA , JONGEPIER IASON , SOENS TIM 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe acceptance of mapmaking in medieval and early modern Europe was neither a uniform nor a linear process. Comparing two neighbouring regions in the Low Countries, we explain the varying appetite for maps and mapmaking first by unravelling how people dealt with space before the introduction of modern mapmaking and, second, by identifying the actors that actively promoted its adoption. In regions where local elites had already been considering space as a commodity with a preference for clear-cut, geometric forms before the introduction of mapmaking, the latter was enthusiastically accepted and rapidly became instrumental in propagating this ‘modern’ concept of space. Other regions did not develop this appetite for mapmaking and continued to prefer different and more negotiable representations of space.
Traffic in corpses and the commodification of burial in Georgian London
Authors: BOULTON JEREMY 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThis article argues, using evidence from Georgian London, that historical demographers need to revisit the effects of two inter-related phenomena: the effects of burial fees on interment practices and the ebb and flow of a very considerable ‘traffic in corpses’. By the eighteenth century burial space in London was at a premium and there was an active market in the provision of suitable, and affordable, burial grounds. This article is based on the sextons' books of the Westminster parish of St Martin in the Fields. These books are very unusual in recording exported ‘certificate’ and ‘arrears’ burials. The ‘traffic in corpses’ revealed by this source is analysed in some detail and burial fees turn out to be of great importance in understanding local fluctuations in interment practices. A neighbouring parish, St Anne, Soho, was acting as a veritable ‘clandestine burial centre’ which interred non-parishioners for profit on a huge scale for most of the eighteenth century. The ‘commodification’ of burial, driven partly by considerations of cost, thus had a major impact on interment practices in the eighteenth-century metropolis. A key finding is that, due to this postmortem flow of corpses, the total number of recorded burials in any one parish may not necessarily have been driven by fluctuations in local mortality rates.
Profane Matrimony
Authors: Leckey Robert 
Published: July 2014

RésuméLes débats récents concernant le mariage des couples de même sexe appellent à une réflexion plus large sur la rivalité entre les normes qui prétendent gouverner le mariage. Lors de ces débats, deux prétentions prirent l'avant-scène: l'une voulant que la loi suprême du mariage se trouve dans les traditions religieuses, et l'autre selon laquelle le mariage civil serait purement séculaire et trouverait sa loi suprême dans laCharte canadienne des droits et libertés. Cet article identifie certaines similarités au sein de ces deux prétentions. En particulier, chacune suppose erronément l'uniformité interne des communautés culturelles. Un examen de l'historique des amendements aux lois portant sur le mariage révèle qu'aucune de ces prétentions ne reflète fidèlement la tradition canadienne du droit du mariage. Les amendements aux lois concernant les degrés prohibés de liens de parenté et l'introduction de la loi fédérale sur le divorce illustrent le développement par le Parlement d'un mariage civil ou profane, par opposition consciente aux formes religieuses. Depuis les années 1880, les lois portant sur le mariage ont été modifiées périodiquement au motif que dans une société séculaire et plurielle, l'imposition de normes religieuses aux non-croyants est illégitime. Le Parlement ne s'est pas inspiré uniquement des normes explicites, dites autoritaires, mais a également considéré la pratique sociale comme une source de normes relatives au mariage. En somme, les réformes du passé révèlent une riche tradition de débat et de contestation, au cours de laquelle les Églises elles-mêmes n'ont pas constamment maintenu que les règles du mariage civil devraient être à l'image des règles religieuses. Contrairement aux prétentions des adeptes de la Charte, le mariage civil et le mariage religieux ne sont pas dénués de liens. Ils se situent au contraire dans une relation de tension et de différences qui requiert des ajustements constants.
A Cripple at a Rich Man's Gate: A Comparison of Disability, Employment and Anti-discrimination Law in the United States and Canada
Authors: Atkins C.G.K. 
Published: July 2014

RésuméCet article décrit l'histoire de l'équité en emploi et de la législation des droits humains, en ce qui concerne les personnes handicapées aux États-Unis et au Canada. Il compare les approches législatives et judiciaires des deux pays au problème d'accomplir l'égalité pour les citoyens handicapés dans les lieux de travail. En comparant, il aborde les aspects tant positifs que négatifs des deux juridictions. En conclusion, il suggère que le Canada intègre les approches «universelles» et «holistiques», incorporées dans les parties sur l'environnement de la ADA américaine, ainsi que dans les décisions judiciaires canadiennes, afin de créer une solution législative originale. Il suggère que les lois canadiennes qui priorisent l'égalité pour les handicapés devraient se rapprocher des lois portant sur la santé et la sécurité au travail, en exigeant que tous les employeurs respectent une norme d'accessibilité universelle à tous les lieux de travail, indépendamment de la présence ou du nombre d'employés handicapés.
The Legitimizing / Insulating Effect of Socio-Economic Rights
Authors: Pieterse Marius 
Published: July 2014

RésuméCet article tente d'élucider la manière dont les États peuvent utiliser leurs obligations issues des droits économiques et sociaux, afin de solidifier la légitimité constitutionnelle des lois qui ont pour but de promouvoir l'équité sociale. En prenant pour étude de cas l'Afrique du Sud, nous examinons de quelle manière ce pays a utilisé ses obligations constitutionnelles dans le but de faciliter l'accès aux soins de santé. Nous examinons également de quelle manière un État peut éviter que des lois favorisant les droits économiques et sociaux de ses citoyens puissent être conçues pour être à l'abri d'attaques judiciaires basées, en contrepartie, sur les droits civils et politiques d'acteurs privés, telles les compagnies pharmaceutiques.
Urban Security, from Nodes to Networks: On the Value of Connecting Disciplines
Authors: Dupont Benoît , Wood Jennifer 
Published: July 2014

RésuméS'appuyant sur le cadre théorique de la gouvernance nodale, cet article cherche à établir l'utilité d'échanges plus approfondis entre diverses approches disciplinaires pour étudier la sécurité urbaine. Nous suggérons notamment la mise en œuvre d'une démarche analytique plus robuste incorporant des techniques quantitatives et qualitatives qui peuvent à la fois tenir compte des initiatives émanant de la base (les citoyens) et du sommet (les dirigeants politiques et les entrepreneurs). Bien que nous accordions une grande importance à la mesure de la nature et de la force des liens qui unissent les nœuds de gouvernance, nous suggérons aussi qu'une attention égale soit accordée à la description de leurs rationalités, et des savoirs et capacités différenciés qu'ils mobilisent. Nous explorons également un certain nombre de contributions transdisciplinaires qui pourraient enrichir considérablement ce projet, plus particulièrement en psychologie, en économie, dans le domaine du travail social et de la santé, ou encore en géographie et en urbanisme. Nous nous appuyons sur des projets de recherche que nous avons menés à Montréal, au Canada, et à Melbourne, en Australie.
Law, Culture and Civil Codification in a Mixed Legal System
Authors: Kedar Nir 
Published: July 2014

RésuméLes comparativistes décrivent généralement les juridictions mixtes comme ayant été construites sur la double fondation du droit civil romano-germanique et de lacommon lawanglo-américaine. Cette description largement acceptée examine les juridictions mixtes à partir d'une perspective juridique formelle interne. Mon étude propose un nouveau prisme analytique pour examiner les juridictions mixtes: une perspective qui prend en considération l'interaction complexe entre le droit et la culture dans une juridiction mixte. L'étude de cas est la codification du droit privé dans la juridiction mixte qu'est Israël. Un code civil ne reflète pas la logique interne ou l'histoire du système juridique israélien, étant donné que celui-ci a été façonné principalement sur des idées anglo-saxonnes qui découragent généralement les codifications. Du point de vue culturel, par contre, le principe de la codification n'est pas entièrement étranger à la société israélienne, vu qu'un code civil est perçu comme un symbole d'indépendance juridique et de modernisation ancré dans la culture politique européenne qui est si bien connue par la plupart des Israéliens. L'histoire de la codification en Israël illustre qu'au-delà du mélange du droit civil et de lacommon lawen droit israélien, le système juridique israélien est également mixte dans le sens, qu'il contient un mélange entre le droit qui est principalement (bien que non exclusivement) influencé par la tradition anglo-saxonne, et la culture politique et juridique qui est surtout inspirée des idées propres à l'Europe continental et qui ont été importées en Israël par les immigrants juifs.
Rightsizing Regulation: The Competition Act, 1975–2005
Authors: Day Suzanne , Girard April , Snider Laureen , Watters Jordan 
Published: July 2014

RésuméCet article examine les changements au niveau de la réglementation des crimes commerciaux dans le domaine de la loi relative à la concurrence déloyale et aux pratiques commerciales trompeuses. L'auteur se penche, plus particulièrement, sur les politiques et les applications deLa Loi relative aux enquêtes sur les coalitionset de laLoi sur la concurrencede 1975 à 2005. Cette période fut marquée par des changements importants dans la régulation juridique: les discours, les pratiques et les politiques keynésiens de l'État providence furent remplacés par ceux de l'État régulateur néolibéral. Le Bureau de la concurrence fut un acteur clé dans cette transition par laquelle les politiques sur la concurrence devinrent un mécanisme essentiel de régulation primaire de l'État moderne. Cet article analyse les documents relatifs à l'application des lois, les rapports annuels ainsi que d'autres documents du Bureau de la concurrence afin de démontrer, d'une part, comment les priorités et les pratiques ont changé et, d'autre part, comment ces changements régulatoires sont liés au remplacement des politiques économiques keynésiennes par celles de l'Élat néolibéral.
Long-range PCR in next-generation sequencing: comparison of six enzymes and evaluation on the MiSeq sequencer
Authors: Jia Haiying , Guo Yunfei , Zhao Weiwei , Wang Kai 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLong-range PCR remains a flexible, fast, efficient and cost-effective choice for sequencing candidate genomic regions in a small number of samples, especially when combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms. Several long-range DNA polymerases are advertised as being able to amplify up to 15 kb or longer genomic DNA. However, their real-world performance characteristics and their suitability for NGS remain unclear. We evaluated six long-range DNA polymerases (Invitrogen SequalPrep, Invitrogen AccuPrime, TaKaRa PrimeSTAR GXL, TaKaRa LA Taq Hot Start, KAPA Long Range HotStart and QIAGEN LongRange PCR Polymerase) to amplify three amplicons, with sizes of 12.9 kb, 9.7 kb and 5.8 kb, respectively. Subsequently, we used the PrimeSTAR enzyme to amplify entire BRCA1 (83.2 kb) and BRCA2 (84.2 kb) genes from nine subjects and sequenced them on an Illumina MiSeq sequencer. We found that the TaKaRa PrimeSTAR GXL DNA polymerase can amplify almost all amplicons with different sizes and Tm values under identical PCR conditions. Other enzymes require alteration of PCR conditions to obtain optimal performance. From the MiSeq run, we identified multiple intronic and exonic single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), including one mutation (c.5946delT in BRCA2) in a positive control. Our study provided useful results for sequencing research focused on large genomic regions.
Detecting Communities Based on Network Topology
Authors: Liu Wei , Pellegrini Matteo , Wang Xiaofan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNetwork methods have had profound influence in many domains and disciplines in the past decade. Community structure is a very important property of complex networks, but the accurate definition of a community remains an open problem. Here we defined community based on three properties and then propose a simple and novel framework to detect communities based on network topology. We analyzed 16 different types of networks and compared our partitions with Infomap, LPA, Fastgreedy and Walktrap, which are popular algorithms for community detection. Most of the partitions generated using our approach compare favorably to those generated by these other algorithms. Furthermore, we define overlapping nodes that combine community structure with shortest paths. We also analyzed the E. Coli. transcriptional regulatory network in detail and identified modules with strong functional coherence.
lrgpr: interactive linear mixed model analysis of genome-wide association studies with composite hypothesis testing and regression diagnostics in R
Authors: Hoffman Gabriel E. , Mezey Jason G. , Schadt Eric E. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Summary:  The linear mixed model is the state-of-the-art method to account for the confounding effects of kinship and population structure in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Current implementations test the effect of one or more genetic markers while including prespecified covariates such as sex. Here we develop an efficient implementation of the linear mixed model that allows composite hypothesis tests to consider genotype interactions with variables such as other genotypes, environment, sex or ancestry. Our R package, lrgpr, allows interactive model fitting and examination of regression diagnostics to facilitate exploratory data analysis in the context of the linear mixed model. By leveraging parallel and out-of-core computing for datasets too large to fit in main memory, lrgpr is applicable to large GWAS datasets and next-generation sequencing data.
Availability and implementation:  lrgpr is an R package available from lrgpr.r-forge.r-project.org
Contact: gabriel.hoffman@mssm.edu
Supplementary information:   Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multi-factor data normalization enables the detection of copy number aberrations in amplicon sequencing data
Authors: Boeva Valentina , Popova Tatiana , Lienard Maxime , Toffoli Sebastien , Kamal Maud , Le Tourneau Christophe , Gentien David , Servant Nicolas , Gestraud Pierre , Rio Frio Thomas , Hupé Philippe , Barillot Emmanuel , Laes Jean-François 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMotivation: Because of its low cost, amplicon sequencing, also known as ultra-deep targeted sequencing, is now becoming widely used in oncology for detection of actionable mutations, i.e. mutations influencing cell sensitivity to targeted therapies. Amplicon sequencing is based on the polymerase chain reaction amplification of the regions of interest, a process that considerably distorts the information on copy numbers initially present in the tumor DNA. Therefore, additional experiments such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) arrays often complement amplicon sequencing in clinics to identify copy number status of genes whose amplification or deletion has direct consequences on the efficacy of a particular cancer treatment. So far, there has been no proven method to extract the information on gene copy number aberrations based solely on amplicon sequencing.Results: Here we present ONCOCNV, a method that includes a multifactor normalization and annotation technique enabling the detection of large copy number changes from amplicon sequencing data. We validated our approach on high and low amplicon density datasets and demonstrated that ONCOCNV can achieve a precision comparable with that of array CGH techniques in detecting copy number aberrations. Thus, ONCOCNV applied on amplicon sequencing data would make the use of additional array CGH or SNP array experiments unnecessary.Availability and implementation: http://oncocnv.curie.fr/Contact: valentina.boeva@curie.frSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Star formation in shocked cluster spirals and their tails
Authors: Roediger E. , Brüggen M. , Owers M. S. , Ebeling H. , Sun M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Recent observations of ram pressure stripped spiral galaxies in clusters revealed details of the stripping process, i.e. the truncation of all interstellar medium phases and of star formation (SF) in the disc, and multiphase star-forming tails. Some stripped galaxies, in particular in merging clusters, develop spectacular star-forming tails, giving them a jellyfish-like appearance. In merging clusters, merger shocks in the intracluster medium (ICM) are thought to have overrun these galaxies, enhancing the ambient ICM pressure and thus triggering SF, gas stripping, and tail formation. We present idealized hydrodynamical simulations of this scenario, including standard descriptions for SF and stellar feedback. To aid the interpretation of recent and upcoming observations, we focus on particular structures and dynamics in SF patterns in the remaining gas disc and in the near tails, which are easiest to observe. The observed jellyfish morphology is qualitatively reproduced for, both, face-on and edge-on stripping. In edge-on stripping, the interplay between the ICM wind and the disc rotation leads to asymmetries along the ICM wind direction and perpendicular to it. The apparent tail is still part of a highly deformed gaseous and young stellar disc. In both geometries, SF takes place in knots throughout the tail, such that the stars in the tails show no ordered age gradients. Significant SF enhancement in the disc occurs only at radii where the gas will be stripped in due course.
Intrinsic alignments in the cross-correlation of cosmic shear and cosmic microwave background weak lensing
Authors: Hall Alex , Taylor Andy 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We demonstrate that the intrinsic alignment of galaxies with large-scale tidal fields sources an extra contribution to the recently detected cross-correlation of galaxy shear and weak lensing of the microwave background. The extra term is the analogy of the ‘GI’ term in standard cosmic shear studies, and results in a reduction in the amplitude of the cross-correlation. We compute the intrinsic alignment contribution in linear and non-linear theory, and show that it can be at roughly the 15 per cent level for the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Stripe 82 redshift distribution, if the canonical amplitude of intrinsic alignments is assumed. The new term can therefore potentially reconcile the apparently low value of the measured cross-correlation with standard Λ cold dark matter. We discuss various small-scale effects in the signal and the dependence on the source redshift distribution. We discuss the exciting possibility of self-calibrating intrinsic alignments with a joint analysis of cosmic shear and weak lensing of the microwave background.