bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional sub-wavelength fabrication by integration of additive and subtractive femtosecond-laser direct writing
Authors: Xiong Wei , Zhou Yunshen , He Xiangnan , Gao Yang , Mahjouri-Samani Masoud , Baldacchini Tommaso , Lu Yongfeng 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTAdditive nanofabrication by two-photon polymerization (TPP) has recently drawn increased attention due to its sub-100 nm resolution and truly three-dimensional (3D) structuring capability. However, besides additive processes, subtractive process is also demanded for many 3D fabrications. Method possessing both additive and subtractive fabrication capabilities was rarely reported. In this study, we developed a complementary 3D micro/nano-fabrication process by integrating both additive two-photon polymerization (TPP) and subtractive multi-photon ablation (MPA) into a single platform of femtosecond-laser direct writing process. Functional device structures were successfully fabricated including: polymer fiber Bragg gratings containing periodic holes of 500-nm diameter and 3D micro-fluidic systems containing arrays of channels of 1-µm diameter. The integration of TPP and MPA processes enhances the nanofabrication efficiency and enables the fabrication of complex 3D micro/nano-structures that are impractical to produce by either TPP or MPA alone, which is promising for a wide range of applications including integrated optics, metamaterials, MEMS, and micro-fluidics.
Aromatic Polythiourea with Ultrahigh Breakdown Strength for High Energy Density and Low Loss Capacitor Applications
Authors: Wu Shan , Burlingame Quinn , Li Weiping , Lin Minren , Zhou Yue , Chen Qin , Payzant Andrew , Xiao Kai , Zhang Qiming 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTDielectric capacitors for energy storage are of great importance in modern electronics and electric systems. It is a challenge to realize the high energy density while maintain the low dielectric loss. We investigated an ultra high breakdown electric field of 1.1 GV/m, which is approaching the intrinsic breakdown, in aromatic polythiourea, a new dielectric material that serves a high energy density of 23 J/cm3 as well as high charge-discharge efficiency above 90%. The molecular structure and film surface morphology were also studied, it was proved a polar amorphous phase and glass state material could significantly suppress the high field conduction to several orders smaller compared with regular polymer dielectric materials, which are usually semi-crystalline and in rubber phase.
Elastic strains in polycrystalline UO2 samples implanted with He: micro Laue diffraction measurements and elastic modeling
Authors: Richard Axel , Castelier Etienne , Palancher Herve , Micha Jean-Sebastien , Goudeau Philippe 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:In the framework of the study of long-term storage of the spent nuclear fuel, polycrystalline UO2 samples have been implanted with He ions. The thin implanted layer, close to the free surface is subjected to elastic stresses which are studied by x-ray diffraction (micro Laue diffraction) and a mechanical modeling. A simple expression of the displacement gradient tensor has been evidenced; it concerns only three terms (ε3, ε4 and ε5) which strongly evolve with considered grain orientations. Finally, we show that results obtained with micro diffraction are in very good agreement with conventional x-ray diffraction measurements done in laboratory at macro scale.
Creep rupture due to thermally induced cracking
Authors: Yoshioka Naoki , Kun Ferenc , Ito Nobuyasu 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWe study sub-critical fracture driven by thermally activated crack nucleation in the framework of a fiber bundle model. Based on analytic calculations and computer simulations we show that in the presence of stress inhomogeneities, thermally activated cracking results in an anomalous size effect, i.e. the average lifetime of the system decreases as a power law of the system size, where the exponent depends on the external load and on the temperature. We propose a modified form of the Arrhenius law which provides a comprehensive description of the load, temperature, and size dependence of the lifetime of the system. On the micro-level, thermal fluctuations trigger bursts of breaking events which form a stochastic time series as the system evolves towards failure. Numerical and analytical calculations revealed that both the size of bursts and the waiting times between consecutive events have power law distributions, however, the exponents depend on the load and temperature. Analyzing the structural entropy and the location of consecutive bursts we show that in the presence of stress concentration the acceleration of the rupture process close to failure is the consequence of damage localization.
Partially Separated Metamodels With Evolution Strategies for Well-Placement Optimization
Authors: Bouzarkouna Z.. , Ding D.Y.. Y. , Auger A.. 
Published: April 2013

Summary
The net present value (NPV) of a project can be significantly increased by finding the optimal location of non-conventional wells. This optimization problem is nowadays one of the most challenging problems in oil-and gas-field development. Suitable methods to tackle this problem include stochastic optimization algorithms, which are particularly robust and able to deal with complex reservoir geology with high heterogeneities. However, these methods require in general a considerable computational effort in terms of number of reservoir simulations, which are CPU-time-demanding.
This paper presents the use of the CMA-ES (covariance matrix adaptation—evolution strategy) optimizer, recognized as one of the most powerful derivative free optimizers, to optimize well locations and trajectories. A local-regression-based metamodel is incorporated into the optimization process in order to reduce the computational cost. The objective function (e.g., the NPV) can usually be split into local components, referring to each of the wells that moreover depends in general on a smaller number of principal parameters, and thus can be modeled as a partially separable function.
In this paper, we propose to exploit the partial separability of the objective function into CMA-ES coupled with metamodels by building partially separated metamodels. Thus, different metamodels are built for each well or set of wells, which results in a more accurate modeling.
An example is presented. Results show that taking advantage of the partial separability of the objective function leads to a significant decrease in the number of reservoir simulations needed to find the "optimal" well configuration, given a restricted budget of reservoir simulations. The proposed approach is practical and promising to deal with the placement of a large number of wells.
High Day‐ or Nighttime Temperature Alters Leaf Assimilation, Reproductive Success, and Phosphatidic Acid of Pollen Grain in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
Authors: Djanaguiraman M. , Prasad P. V. V. , Schapaugh W. T. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is often exposed to high daytime and nighttime temperatures during critical growth stages. Threshold mean daily temperature for photosynthesis, respiration, and reproductive process in soybean is ≥26°C. In future, the magnitude of increase in nighttime temperatures will be greater than in daytime temperatures. The objectives were to determine effects of high daytime or nighttime temperatures on (i) leaf photosynthetic and respiration rates; (ii) pollen germination, pod‐set, and seed weight; and (iii) pollen phospholipids profile. Soybean plants were exposed to high daytime temperature (39/20°C), high nighttime temperatures (30/23°C, 30/26°C, and 30/29°C), or optimum temperature (30/20°C) for 10 d at flowering stage. High daytime temperature (39/20°C) or nighttime temperatures (30/29°C) increased leaf respiration rates and decreased leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, photochemical quenching, and electron transport rate compared to optimum temperature. Likewise, high temperature decreased pollen viability and germination. Lower pollen germination at high temperature may be due to decreased levels of saturated phospholipids and phosphatidic acid in pollen grains compared with optimum temperature. Pod‐set and seed weight were decreased by high daytime or nighttime temperature. In conclusion, high daytime (39/20°C) or nighttime (30/29°C) temperature decreased leaf photosynthetic rate and pollen germination, leading to lower pod‐set and seed weight.
Central Pulse Pressure and Its Hemodynamic Determinants in Middle-Aged Adults With Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes
Authors: Chirinos Julio A. , Segers Patrick , Gillebert Thierry C. , De Buyzere Marc L. , Van daele Caroline M. , Khan Zubair A. , Khawar Umair , De Bacquer Dirk , Rietzschel Ernst R. ,   on behalf of the Asklepios Investigators
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE
Pulse pressure (PP), a strong predictor of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes, is a composite measure affected by several hemodynamic factors. Little is known about the hemodynamic determinants of central PP in type 2 diabetes or whether abnormalities in central pulsatile hemodynamics are already present in individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). In a population-based study, we aimed to compare central PP and its hemodynamic determinants among adults with normal fasting glucose (n = 1654), IFG (n = 240), and type 2 diabetes (n = 33).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured carotid pressure, left ventricular outflow, aortic root diameter, carotid artery flow, and distension in order to measure various structural and hemodynamic arterial parameters.

RESULTS
IFG was associated with a greater mean arterial pressure (MAP) but was not associated with intrinsic aortic stiffening or abnormal aortic pulsatile indices after adjustment for MAP. After adjustment for age, sex, and MAP, type 2 diabetes was associated with a higher aortic root characteristic impedance (Zc), aortic root elastance-thickness product (Eh), and aortic root pulse wave velocity (but not aortic root diameter), a greater carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and lower total arterial compliance and wave reflection magnitude. Carotid size, Zc, distensibility, or Eh did not significantly differ between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Type 2 diabetes, but not IFG, is associated with greater large artery stiffness, without abnormalities in aortic root diameter or carotid stiffness. Subjects with type 2 diabetes demonstrate a decreased reflection magnitude, which may indicate an increased penetration of pulsatile energy to distal vascular beds.
Risk factors associated with nasopharyngeal cicatrix syndrome in horses
Authors: Norman Tracy E. , Chaffin M. Keith , Bissett Wesley T. , Thompson James A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine risk factors associated with the development of nasopharyngeal cicatrix syndrome (NCS) in horses.
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—242 horses referred for endoscopic evaluation of the upper portion of the respiratory tract (121 horses with NCS and 121 control horses).
Procedures—Medical records of horses that had an endoscopic evaluation of the upper airway performed between January 2003 and December 2008 were reviewed. Signalment, housing management, and season of evaluation were recorded and reviewed for each horse. The associations between clinical signs and endoscopic findings were evaluated by the use of a prospective logistic model that included a Bayesian method for inference.
Results—Breed and sex had no significant effect on the risk of having NCS. The risk that a horse had NCS increased significantly with age. Exclusive housing in a stall was protective against the development of NCS. In addition, the amount of pasture turnout had a dose-related effect, with exclusive pasture turnout positively correlated with increased risk of developing NCS, compared with a mixture of pasture turnout and stall confinement. Horses were significantly more likely to be evaluated because of clinical signs of the syndrome during the warm months of the year.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The risk factors for NCS identified in this study may support chronic environmental exposure to an irritant or infectious agent as the cause of NCS. Information gained from this study should be useful for investigating the cause of NCS.
National Health Information Centre Task Regarding the Data Availability on Rare Diseases in the SR / Úloha národného centra zdravotníckych informácií v dostupnosti údajov o zriedkavých chorobách v SR
Authors: Baráková A. , Hlava P. , Safaei Diba Ch. , Vallová Z. 
Published: April 2013

Effective management of any group of diseases in the population, including rare diseases, needs to know the basic epidemiological parameters. The issue of rare diseases in the concept of state health policy has absented in many countries due to the difficulty of diagnosis, treatment and subsequent care of such patients. There is no conception of collection and processing of data regarding rare diseases, neither is there any unified conception of diagnosis, treatment, and overall health care of patients with rare diseases. The central availability of data concerning rare diseases is very low for different medical specialisations which deal with this issue. There exist only partial pieces of information, which are spread across different workplaces. The SR should participate in European information network on rare diseases. The SR is a member of ICBDSR (http://www.icbdsr.org) but not EUROCAT (http://www.eurocat-network.eu/), which is necessary to be changed!
The National Health Information Centre (NHIC) is a source of rare diseases in the following databases: National register of congenital anomalies, National cancer registry, Registry of patients with diabetes mellitus 1, National register of congenital anomaly of heart. The key to the knowledge of the real state of disease incidence rate in the population is an effective collaboration between relevant partners (including implementation of systematic control mechanisms), which is a basis for success.
Practical Experience with Providing Specialized Social Services for Rare Disease Patients / Praktické skúsenosti v poskytovaní špeciálnych sociálnych služieb pre pacientov so zriedkavými chorobami
Authors: Madunová A. , Duračinská M. 
Published: April 2013

Organization of Muscular Dystrophy in the Slovak Republic (OMD in SR) is the only specific organization in Slovakia which associates children and adults with muscular dystrophy and other types of neuromuscular diseases (hereafter only NMD) and their families. The organization was founded as an independent public association in 1993. It has been providing social counselling and other specialized social services for its members and clients. In its early years, it performed the community service and nonprofit activities on a voluntary basis; today, a professional team of nine takes part in its activities, seven of which are people with extensive disability, plus two assistants. This change could take place thanks to having obtained the status of a protected workplace in 2009. In accordance with EURORDIS recommendations, OMD in SR takes care of activities in 3 different areas: information services and help line, therapeutic recreational programmes, and respite care services.
As a part of the information service, it provides specialized social counselling for disabled people via phone, email, in person or in the field − at a patient’s place. The organization also publishes its own quality magazine Ozvena (ECHO), which is distributed free-of-charge to all members four times a year. People with NMD are involved in the creation of the magazine from the position of experts and patients. The organization is particularly devoted to Recreational activities the camps for children with NMD, especially boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Activities organized every year include also integrative national meetings of members. The group of relief services includes providing specialized social services in the Personal Assistance Services Agency founded under OMD in SR. It provides wide-range service for 180 personal assistance users in Bratislava region; however, counselling covers the whole Slovakia.
For a long time, the organization has been making effort to change regulations in the legislation which concern several aspects essential for people with NMD. Slovakia is not doing enough to provide financial support for functioning of patient organizations − the subsidy system does not take them into account and donation support is non-existent. A tool for change could and should be the National Plan for Rare Disease, which will not be really implemented without providing subsidies for patient organizations working in the area of rare diseases. In 2012, the organization became a member of EURORDIS and Alliance TREAT - NMD.
Pigmentary properties of rutile TiO2 modified with cerium, phosphorus, potassium, and aluminium
Authors: Gleń Marta , Grzmil Barbara 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe influence of different modifiers, phosphorus, potassium, aluminium, and cerium on the pigmentary properties of TiO2 was studied. The phase composition and distribution of modifiers in prepared TiO2 products was investigated using XRD analysis, the selective leaching method, and ICP-AES technique. The optical properties, photoactivity, morphology, and surface area of modified TiO2 were determined by spectrophotometric, fluorescent, SEM, and BET measurements. The research was directed towards obtaining a pigmentary TiO2 with the highest possible photostability. It was found that the final calcination temperature, at which the anatase-rutile transformation rate was > 97 %, depended on the kind and amount of the modifiers introduced into hydrated titanium dioxide. In comparing the colour of TiO2 products modified with Ce, it was found that the addition of K to the TiO2 series caused an increase in all the optical properties examined. The presence of K and Al in TiO2 modified with Ce resulted in decreased photocatalytic activity. The photostability of TiO2 modified with Ce and K improved with an increase in P2O5 content. The highest photostability was measured for the TiO2-CePKAl series. It was concluded that the differences in both the optical properties and photoactivity of TiO2 depended on its phase composition and the distribution of modifiers in the products obtained.
The Impact of Ankle Joint Stiffening by Ski Equipment on Maintenance of Body Balance
Authors: Gustyn Mirosław 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Introduction. In the initial phase of ski lessons, the skier encounters a completely new situation. The maintenance of body stability, which is influenced by various factors, attracts his entire attention. The aim of this study was to define the impact of ankle joint stiffening by ski equipment on the maintenance of body balance. Material and methods. The research was conducted on 13-member group aged 20 to 24. All the subjects were male students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Bia³a Podlaska (graduates of the ski instructor course). Each participant carried out three postural exercises on the KISTLER dynamometric platform. Then the same exercises were performed with ski boots and skis. Two parameters were used for the analysis of body balance, namely the COP path length and the surface area of the stabilogram. Results. It was stated in the study that ankle joint stiffening while standing on both skis did not have a negative impact on the postural stability. In majority of the tested subjects while standing on one ski, a considerable increase in the both analysed parameters occurred in relation to the same exercises performed without ski boots. That being so, it can be inferred that ski equipment causes deterioration of body stability. Moreover, it was noticed as a result of putting on ski boots and skis that body fluctuations increased slightly in relation to the growth of the base of support defined by the ski length and ski width setting. Conclusions. On this basis, it was concluded that ski equipment does not have a negative influence on the maintaining body balance. The growth of body fluctuations during exercises is insignificant in relation to the increase of body base area. It is necessary to find new ways of compensating for body fluctuations in order to maintain body balance with ski equipment on.
Tourism and Local Governments in Hungary: The Position of Tourism in Local Council Committees of Local Governments
Authors: Kozma Gábor , Michalkó Gábor , Radics Zsolt 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Introduction. The objective of this paper is to investigate the position of tourism in the committee structure of the local councils of Hungarian local governments. Material and methods. The data were sourced from websites of the settlements concerned and all the results obtained statistically evaluated using the method of descriptive statistics. Results. From the data available, we can clearly determine the role of tourism in the committees of local governments, as well as the direction of changes after the 2010 election. The results also clearly identified the factors that determine the role of tourism in local council committees and the sectors that constitute the same committees with tourism. Conclusions. The role of tourism in committees of local councils is fundamentally unfavourable and the situation deteriorated after the 2010 election. The role of tourism in committees of local councils is closely related to the size of the population and the role of tourism in the given settlements.
Invasion of the predatory mosquito Culex (Lutzia) fuscanus in the western desert parts of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singh Himmat , Marwal Robin , Mishra Anusha , Vir Singh Karam 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The breeding of Culex (Lutzia) fuscanus WIEDEMAN was recorded during entomological surveys in Jodhpur, Bikaner, Jaisalmer and Bikaner. A detailed study of its biology has been carried out with reference to seasonal variation and breeding. Stable breeding populations of Culex fuscanus, a mosquito whose larvae are predacious and feed on other mosquito larvae, were found at seven localities in Jodhpur. Its larvae were found breeding in association with Anopheles, Aedes and Culex species in outdoor cemented tanks, mostly in the shade of trees. This is the first report of this species from the desert district of western Rajasthan.
Description of Land Fragmentation in Latvia and its Prevention Opportunities
Authors: Platonova Dace , Jankava Anda 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Already during the Land Reform, land properties of several land parcels were formed in the rural areas. Another factor that benefits to the fragmentation of farm properties is development of land market because buying or renting land for farm size building, it is not always possible to find adjacent land plot. Consequently, the land fragmentation not only makes land management difficult, but also increases the transport costs. With this rural land tenure system, competitive and efficient agricultural production cannot be discussed, so a large part of rural areas remains untreated. It was found that there is a strong correlation between the area of land parcels and their management - the smaller the area of a land parcel by the agricultural land, the greater the chance that it would not be managed, and vice versa, the greater the area, the more it is cultivated, that is, managed. Land consolidation is performed as the farm land use optimization activities in other countries. Land consolidation can be one of the efficient means for rural development, it can encourage formation of competitive agricultural production structure, giving farmers the opportunity to create holdings with a small number, but bigger size and better-shaped land plots. Thus, more income and opportunities to expand types of farming are created.