bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoelastic Anomaly of Iron Carbonitride Across the Spin Transition and Implications for Planetary Cores
Authors: Huang Shengxuan , Wu Xiang , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali , Qin Shan , Chen Bin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon and nitrogen are considered as candidate light elements present in planetary cores. However, there is limited understanding regarding the structure and physical properties of Fe‐C‐N alloys under extreme conditions. Here diamond anvil cell experiments were conducted, revealing the stability of hexagonal‐structured Fe7(N0.75C0.25)3 up to 120 GPa and 2100 K, without undergoing any structural transformation or dissociation. Notably, the thermal expansion coefficient and Grüneisen parameter of the alloy exhibit a collapse at 55–70 GPa. First‐principles calculations suggest that such anomaly is associated with the spin transition of iron within Fe7(N0.75C0.25)3. Our modeling indicates that the presence of ∼1.0 wt% carbon and nitrogen in liquid iron contributes to 9–12% of the density deficit of the Earth's outer core. The thermoelastic anomaly of the Fe‐C‐N alloy across the spin transition is likely to affect the density and seismic velocity profiles of (C,N)‐rich planetary cores, thereby influencing the dynamics of such cores.
Effects of Resistivity on the Reconstructed Plasma Fields Revealed by a Three‐Dimensional Empirical Reconstruction Model
Authors: Zhu Xun , Cohen Ian J. , Mauk Barry H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe extend the previous three‐dimensional (3D) empirical reconstruction (ER) model for a set of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) constraints into a resistive MHD 3D ER model that includes additional resistive MHD constraints and additional measurements from NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. The same form of a stochastic optimization algorithm is used as in the previous ideal MHD 3D ER model to directly minimize the loss function that includes a few more highly nonlinear terms characterizing the model‐measurement differences and the model departures from physical constraints. The resistive MHD 3D ER model is applied to three regions of MMS measurements that correspond to direct sampling of an electron diffusion region (EDR), a region adjacent to the EDR, and one far away from the EDR. The reconstructed plasma and electromagnetic fields are of high quality in all three regions as measured by model‐measurement difference indices and physics‐based quality indicators. The reconstructed fields in the EDR provide us with a good view of the spatial configuration of the reconnection site. We specifically examine the effect of resistivity on energy exchange in the vicinity of the EDR. It was discovered that in the EDR, the energy exchange shows an exclusive and systematic one‐channel process between the plasma thermal energy and electromagnetic energy with the conversion rate highly correlated with the strength of the turbulent electromagnetic fields. In the other two regions away from the EDR, the energy exchange between the electromagnetic energy and the plasma thermal and kinetic energies shows rapidly‐varying and random characteristics.
Modeling Soft X‐Ray Emissions at the Dayside Magnetopause
Authors: Xu Qiuyu , Koutroumpa Dimitra , Modolo Ronan , Sun Tianran , Connor Hyunju , Sembay Steve , Tkachenko Yevhen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we simulate the Solar Wind Charge Exchange (SWCX) soft X‐ray emissions at dayside magnetosheath and cusps by using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and LAtmos TEst Particle (LaTeP) models. MHD models are unable to resolve the particle kinetic effects, such as the different behaviors of ions with different q/m, or distinguish the magnetospheric plasma from the solar wind plasma. We investigate these effects with the LaTeP model. As the LaTeP model does not self‐compute magnetic and electric field, the magnetic and electric field data obtained from Open Geospace General Circulation Model (OpenGGCM) and Lagrangian version of the piecewise parabolic method (PPMLR) MHD model are used as the input to LaTeP model. The soft X‐ray emissivity maps simulated from pure OpenGGCM and PPMLR MHD approaches and from LaTeP‐OpenGGCM and LaTeP‐PPMLR approaches are presented and compared. The results indicate that the LaTeP model can well resolve the kinetic effects and can be used to investigate the individual spectral characteristics. Therefore, the LaTeP model is a complementary approach for simulating the X‐ray emissions near the dayside magnetopause. We also calculate the ratio of integrated OVII/OVIII line intensities, produced by charge exchange of O7+ ions and O8+ ions, respectively. We find a relatively higher ratio at the bow shock compared to the surrounding areas, suggesting that this ratio can be an effective parameter to identify the bow shock location.
Dose optimization of TBI-223 for enhanced therapeutic benefit compared to linezolid in antituberculosis regimen
Authors: Strydom Natasha , Ernest Jacqueline P. , Imperial Marjorie , Solans Belén P. , Wang Qianwen , Tasneen Rokeya , Tyagi Sandeep , Soni Heena , Garcia Andrew , Bigelow Kristina , Gengenbacher Martin , Zimmerman Matthew , Xie Min , Sarathy Jansy P. , Yang Tian J. , Dartois Véronique , Nuermberger Eric L. , Savic Radojka M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTBI-223, a novel oxazolidinone for tuberculosis, is designed to provide improved efficacy and safety compared to linezolid in combination with bedaquiline and pretomanid (BPaL). We aim to optimize the dosing of TBI-223 within the BPaL regimen for enhanced therapeutic outcomes. TBI-223 is investigated in preclinical monotherapy, multidrug therapy, and lesion penetration experiments to describe its efficacy and safety versus linezolid. A translational platform incorporating linezolid and BPaL data from preclinical experiments and 4 clinical trials (NCT00396084, NCT02333799, NCT03086486, NCT00816426) is developed, enabling validation of the framework. TBI-223 preclinical and Phase 1 data (NCT03758612) are applied to the translational framework to predict clinical outcomes and optimize TBI-223 dosing in combination with bedaquiline and pretomanid. Results indicate that daily doses of 1200–2400 mg TBI-223 may achieve efficacy comparable to the BPaL regimen, with >90% of patients predicted to reach culture conversion by two months.
Cooperative spin crossover leading to bistable and multi-inert system states in an iron(III) complex
Authors: Dürrmann Andreas , Hörner Gerald , Baabe Dirk , Heinemann Frank W. , de Melo Mauricio A. C. , Weber Birgit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCooperativity among spin centres has long been the royal road in spin crossover (SCO) research to impose magnetic bistability in terms of thermal hysteresis. In this work we access magnetic multi-inert states of the iron(III) compound {FeL2[B(Ph)4]} ≡ FeB at low temperature, in addition to thermal bistability. The packing of the low-spin and high-spin forms of crystalline FeB differs only marginally what ultimately leads to structural conservatism. This indicates that the SCO-immanent breathing of the complex cation is almost fully compensated by the anion matrix. The unique cooling rate dependence of the residual low-temperature magnetisation in FeB unveils continuous switching between the trapped high-spin (ON) and the relaxed low-spin state (OFF). The macroscopic ratio of the spin states (ON:OFF) can be adjusted as a simple function of the cooling rate. That is, cooperative spin crossover can be the source of bistable and multi-inert system states in the very same material.
Performance evaluation of MBR-RO technology for domestic wastewater treatment
Authors: Phan N N , Dang N H T , Le K H , Duong Y H , Pham L P T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the treatment efficiency of domestic wastewater using Membrane Bioreactor combined Reverse Osmosis (MBR-RO) technology. The optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the MBR was studied at various HRT value of 1h, 4h, and 8h. The MBR-RO reactor was then operated at optimal HRT for domestic wastewater treatment. The research result showed that the MBR has an optimal HRT of 4h. The removal efficiency of TSS, COD, BOD, TN, and TP in the MBR was 100%, 99.57%, 100%, 73.33%, and 94.41%, respectively. The MBR-RO system can completely remove organic and nutrient pollutants from wastewater with the removal efficiency was 100% for TSS, COD, BOD, TN, and TP. Consequently, the MBR-RO effluent meets the Vietnam regulation standard of QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT and QCVN 01-1:2018/BYT. Research results show the potential of applying MBR-RO membrane technology for domestic reuse purposes.
Groundwater quality and hydro-geochemical characteristics in Upper – Pleistocene aquifer in Cu Chi district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Luyen N T T , Van L T T , Thien N M , Dat H K , Du N H , Dung N T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Groundwater in the Pleistocene aquifer in the Cu Chi area was massively exploited for a long period to supply human needs. To evaluate the current groundwater quality and ongoing hydrogeochemical processes in Pleistocene aquifer, a total of 21 groundwater samples were analyzed. The concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Fetotal, NH4
+, NO3
−, PO4
3-, Cl−, HCO3
− and SO4
2- were determined for the investigations. The rank of major cations in the study area is Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+, and Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ respectively. The rank of major anions in the study area is Cl− > HCO3
− > SO4
2- respectively. The bivariate plot explanations indicate many processes that impact the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area, including ion exchange, chemical weathering, and human activity. The saturation index (SI) of halite is oversaturated (SI > 0), while this figure for CaSO4 was negative (SI < 0) in all the samples. Quality groundwater for irrigation purposes showed that all groundwater samples were sensitive to low pH and alkalinity values, therefore, it is necessary to be treated before use for irrigation purposes.
Traditional Irrigation Systems of Mountainous Agrarian Landscapes: Case Study of Tegalalang Rice Terraces, Bali, Indonesia, and Cacaoiten Rice Terraces, Pangasinan, Philippines
Authors: Diaz C C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Traditional irrigation systems play a vital role in sustaining agriculture in mountainous agrarian landscapes around the world. However, little is known on how these traditional irrigation systems work, and how they differ from one another. This paper examines the traditional irrigation systems of two distinct regions: the Tegalalang Rice Terraces in Bali, Indonesia, and Cacaoiten Rice Terraces in Pangasinan, Philippines. The aim is to understand their own ways of irrigating their crops, focusing on the source of water, and method how it is being distributed on the fields. The study utilizes a qualitative approach, employing field observations, interviews with local farmers, administrative representatives, and analysis of existing literatures, and documentations. Findings reveal that in Tegalalang, the Subak system prevails, characterized by cooperative water management through a network of embedded pipes regulated by the Subak Management. In contrast, the Inang-ayan system dominates in Cacaoiten, which works through series of canals connected to nearby streams and other sources of water.
Trade, Attitudes to Trade, and Trade Regulation
Authors: Howard-Johnston James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Despite the studied indifference of the governing classes, it is undeniable that manufacturing and commerce were important in the Roman empire in antiquity. Mercantile enterprise was programmed into Byzantium and the Aegean from the deep past and can be glimpsed in the dark centuries of defensive warfare. An important text, the Book of the Eparch, casts light on commercial activity in Constantinople in the tenth century and on the regulatory system—subtle, sensitive to the particularities of individual trades and the varying concerns of government. Textual and archaeological evidence reveals an active market in the Aegean and along the trade routes radiating out to the Khazar khaganate and its successors in the north, the Caliphate in the east, and the Latin west. Byzantium had a commercial and industrial sector which generated considerable wealth in the tenth–twelfth centuries.
TWAS-GKF: a novel method for causal gene identification in transcriptome-wide association studies with knockoff inference
Authors: Wang Anqi , Tian Peixin , Zhang Yan Dora 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) aims to identify trait-associated genes regulated by significant variants to explore the underlying biological mechanisms at a tissue-specific level. Despite the advancement of current TWAS methods to cover diverse traits, traditional approaches still face two main challenges: (i) the lack of methods that can guarantee finite-sample false discovery rate (FDR) control in identifying trait-associated genes; and (ii) the requirement for individual-level data, which is often inaccessible.

Results
To address this challenge, we propose a powerful knockoff inference method termed TWAS-GKF to identify candidate trait-associated genes with a guaranteed finite-sample FDR control. TWAS-GKF introduces the main idea of Ghostknockoff inference to generate knockoff variables using only summary statistics instead of individual-level data. In extensive studies, we demonstrate that TWAS-GKF successfully controls the finite-sample FDR under a pre-specified FDR level across all settings. We further apply TWAS-GKF to identify genes in brain cerebellum tissue from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) v8 project associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), and genes in liver tissue related to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from the UK Biobank, respectively. The results reveal that the majority of the identified genes are validated by Open Targets Validation Platform.

Availability and implementation
The R package TWAS.GKF is publicly available at https://github.com/AnqiWang2021/TWAS.GKF.
Increasing opportunities for breast-conserving therapy in multiple ipsilateral breast cancer: Dutch nationwide study
Authors: Heeling Eva , Volders José H , de Roos Wilfred K , van Eekeren Ramon R J P , van der Ploeg Iris M C , Vrancken Peeters Marie-Jeanne T F D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
An increasing number of breast cancer patients undergo breast-conserving surgery (BCS), but multiple ipsilateral breast cancer (MIBC) is still considered a relative contraindication for breast conservation. This study provides an update on trends in the surgical management for MIBC over a 10-year period.

Methods
Nationwide data from the Netherlands Cancer Registration of all patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 2011 and 2021 were analysed. The primary outcomes of this study were the incidence of MIBC and the trend in breast surgery type among patients between 2011 and 2021. Secondary outcomes were the positive resection margin rates in patients treated with BCS, the proportion of patients requiring re-excision and overall survival.

Results
In total, 114 433 patients (83%) with unifocal breast cancer and 23 932 patients (17%) with MIBC were identified. The incidence of MIBC was stable (17%) over the years. Overall BCS rates, both primary and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, increased in MIBC from 29% in 2011 to 41% in 2021. Re-excision was performed in 1348 patients (n = 8455, 16%). The 5-year OS estimate for patients with MIBC treated with BCS was 93%. The pathological complete response (pCR) in MIBC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by mastectomy was 23%.

Conclusion
The breast conservation rate in MIBC has increased over the last decade. In addition, 23% of MIBC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by mastectomy achieved a pCR. This suggests increasing opportunities for even more BCS in MIBC.
CoinFA: an efficient coin mixing scheme with flexible amounts
Authors: Yang Xin , Zeng Peng , Raymond Choo Kim-Kwang , Li Chengju , Yang Yanzhao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Coin mixing is an efficient anonymization technology of cryptocurrency used to eliminate the linkability of transaction parties by hiding their addresses in an anonymous set. However, a common weakness with most existing coin mixing schemes is that the amount of mixed coins must be the same for all requests within a mixing cycle, otherwise it is easy for an attacker to restore the linkability of transaction parties. In this paper, we design a stage-payable puzzle solution mechanism, named CoinFA, which reverses the control of the requesting amounts to the users for flexible mixing amounts. In our design, the payee (with an output address) first requests a puzzle from the mixers and the latter are the only ones who know the solution of the puzzle. If the payee solves the puzzle successfully, he can be rewarded with the corresponding Bitcoins. The payer (allowed to have multiple input addresses) then requests the solution by paying in installments. We achieve better security by weakening the rights of the involved third parties, while the hierarchical structure allows our solution to have better efficiency and robustness. We perform a security analysis on CoinFA based on the standard Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) assumption and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm unforgeability. We also analyze the performance of CoinFA by comparing it with two related schemes, and the results show that our CoinFA scheme has a greater advantage when the mixing amount is relatively small.
Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Nardone Olga Maria , Calabrese Giulio , Bertin Luisa , Ford Alexander C , Castiglione Fabiana , Zingone Fabiana , Savarino Edoardo , Barberio Brigida 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may experience symptoms of sexual dysfunction (SD). However, the magnitude of this problem remains uncertain. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of SD in adult patients with IBD.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and EMBASE Classic (from inception to April 9, 2024) were searched to identify observational studies reporting the prevalence of SD in adult patients with IBD based on validated screening instruments. Data were extracted, and pooled prevalence (PP), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results
Of 1017 citations evaluated, 18 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria, containing 2694 patients with IBD recruited from 13 different countries. The PP of SD in IBD patients was 50.6% (95% CI, 40.8%-60.5%; I2 = 96.3%) with an OR = 2.94 (95% CI, 1.99%-4.35%, I2 = 73.4) compared to healthy controls. When we considered ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) separately, the PP of SD was 64.8% (95% CI, 45.1%-82.1%; I2 = 88.8%) in patients with UC and 58.3% (95% CI, 36.0%-79.0%; I2 = 95.3%) in patients with CD. In the subgroup analysis based on sex, the PP of SD was higher in females with IBD than in males (62.7% vs 34.0%; OR = 3.99, 95% CI, 2.80%-5.68%; I2 = 61.7%). Furthermore, the PP of SD was higher in patients with active disease than in patients with inactive disease (75.1% vs 34.2%; OR = 9.65, 95% CI, 1.02%-91.33%, I2 = 95.5%).

Conclusions
We demonstrated high prevalence of SD in IBD patients, especially in women. Encouraging gastroenterologists to screen for, and treat, these disorders with a holistic approach might improve quality of life of patients with IBD.
Epidemiology and clinical correlates of hidradenitis suppurativa in primary care in Italy
Authors: Lapi Francesco , Marconi Ettore , Casoli Lucia , Tedeschi Andrea , Giomi Barbara , Cricelli Claudio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a persistent skin disorder that is characterized by painful lesions or pus-filled lumps, mostly occurring in areas where the skin flexes. It is a disfiguring condition that significantly reduces the quality of life of those affected. Developing new, effective treatments for HS is crucial, but it is important that it be recognized and diagnosed early, especially in primary care settings.

Objectives
To assess the epidemiology and clinical correlates of HS in a primary care setting. The study utilized the Italian Health Search Database (HSD). A case-control design was adopted to investigate the clinical correlates of HS. Cases were classified as either “definite” or “probable” using an operational algorithm. Up to 10 controls were matched to each case based on factors such as calendar period, age, sex, and duration of follow-up.

Results
Cumulative prevalence of HS increased from 0.06% in 2002 to 0.46% in 2021. When only “definite” cases were considered, the prevalence was almost 10 times lower (0%–0.02%). Several clinical correlates were found to be positively associated with HS, including obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, and depression.

Conclusions
This study found that correct diagnoses of HS were made, as demonstrated by the expected relationship with clinical correlates. These associations were consistent when probable cases were included in the analysis. This evidence could serve as a foundation for proposing a decision support system for general practitioners to help identify HS in individuals with certain coexisting conditions.
New perspectives in hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance after hepatitis C virus eradication
Authors: Pan Calvin Q , Park Andrew J , Park James S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Achieving a sustained virologic response (SVR) through direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection significantly reduces the long-term risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in patients with advanced fibrosis (F3) or cirrhosis (F4). However, despite this improvement, the risks associated with HCC and the optimal surveillance strategies for patients who have achieved SVR remain topics of debate. This controversy is compounded by challenges in reliably staging liver fibrosis non-invasively, especially at advanced fibrosis (F3), and the unclear cost-effectiveness, modality, frequency, and duration of HCC surveillance in individuals with SVR but without cirrhosis. These factors contribute to significant variations in surveillance guidelines recommended by different professional societies. Therefore, there is a pressing need for an optimal surveillance strategy that is both simplified and cost-effective to facilitate wider adoption by clinicians. This review article evaluates the existing data, addresses ongoing controversies, and aims to provide new perspectives on HCC surveillance strategies for patients who have achieved SVR from HCV.