bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Between‐Country Measures of Legal Setting and Enforcement of Accounting Standards
Authors: Preiato John , Brown Philip , Tarca Ann 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAcademics and practitioners agree that the enforcement of accounting standards has an important role in promoting high quality financial reporting and favourable capital market outcomes. We test three new enforcement proxies from Brown, Preiato and Tarca (2014) that focus specifically on auditing and accounting enforcement. We examine firms’ information environments, represented by the error in analysts’ consensus forecasts and the extent of disagreement among analysts, as indicated by forecast dispersion. For financial years ending from 2003 to 2009, we construct a sample of 357,034 firm–month observations on the errors and dispersion of analysts’ earnings forecasts for 10,769 firms domiciled in those 39 countries. We find that higher scores for all three proxies are associated with lower error and less disagreement in forecasts. In addition, we find that the indices have significant explanatory power when previously used enforcement proxies (such as Kaufmann et al.'s 2010 rule of law measure) are included in the regression models, pointing to the importance of specific measures of accounting enforcement. We conclude that accounting enforcement may be more important in securing favourable economic outcomes than has been previously realised, because researchers commonly have used noisier, more general legal proxies for enforcement that understate its marginal effects.
Self‐reported pain perception of patients after mucosal graft harvesting in the palatal area
Authors: Burkhardt Rino , Hämmerle Christoph H.F. , Lang Niklaus P. ,   the Research Group on Oral Soft Tissue Biology & Wound Healing
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the patient‐reported pain perception after palatal graft harvesting during a 4 weeks healing periodMaterials & methodsNinety patients, scheduled for different periodontal and peri‐implant plastic surgeries requiring palatal mucosal graft harvesting, were consecutively recruited. Mucosal thickness was measured at the donor sites with an ultrasonic device prior to the surgeries. Graft thickness, length, and width were assessed after harvesting, and the wound areas were calculated. Based on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the patients were asked to report their perceived pain after the intervention and 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days thereafter.ResultsPain was most pronounced on the first postoperative day and decreased within the course of time. Graft thickness directly correlated with the amount of pain perceived while increased palatal mucosal thickness before and after graft harvesting decreased pain levels. The denuded wound surface area, however, did not influence the perceived pain level.ConclusionsThe wound depth at the donor site (graft thickness) was positively correlated with the patient's perception for pain. The wound surface area, however, did not influence the perceived pain level.
Reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of vulvar naevi: six cases
Authors: Cinotti E. , Couzan C. , Perrot J.L. , Labeille B. , Bahadoran P. , Puig S. , Wantz M. , Vicente‐Villa A. , Habougit C. , Butori C. , Cambazard F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe differential diagnosis between vulvar naevi and melanoma is challenging. In vivo reflectance‐mode confocal microscopy (RCM) is an emerging technique that allows non‐invasive high‐resolution imaging of the skin and mucosa. It has recently been used for the study of vulvar melanosis and melanoma, but it has not been so far employed for the diagnosis of genital naevi. The objective of this study is to evaluate RCM features of vulvar naevi and to compare them with dermoscopical and histopathological aspects.MethodsClinical, dermoscopical, in vivo RCM and histological features of six vulvar naevi were evaluated.ResultsThe clinical and/or dermoscopical aspects were suspicious in all six cases. RCM showed a blue naevus, an atypical genital naevus, a junctional naevus and three compound naevi that were later confirmed by histological examination. In one compound naevus, RCM showed focal cytological atypia and architectural irregularity without clear features of malignancy, confirmed by histological examination.ConclusionsReflectance‐mode confocal microscopy can play a role in non‐invasive diagnosis of vulvar naevi, but further broader studies are required to validate our observations.
Autoimmune comorbid diseases associated with lichen planus: a nationwide case–control study
Authors: Chung P.‐I. , Hwang C.‐Y. , Chen Y.‐J. , Lin M.‐W. , Chen T.‐J. , Hua T.‐C. , Wu L.‐C. , Chu S.‐Y. , Chen C.‐C. , Lee D.‐D. , Chang Y.‐T. , Liu H.‐N. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundLichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with unknown aetiology. The association between LP and various autoimmune diseases has been reported, but nationwide study of the relationship of LP with associated diseases is quite limited.ObjectiveOur study aims to clarify the association between LP and a variety of autoimmune diseases in Taiwanese.MethodsData were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan from 1997 to 2011. In total, 12 427 patients with LP and 49 708 age‐ and gender‐matched controls were enrolled.ResultsAmong patients with LP, there were significant associations with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (multivariate odds ratio [mOR]: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.97–4.17), Sjögren's syndrome (mOR: 3.75; 95% CI: 2.66–5.28), dermatomyositis (mOR: 6.34; 95% CI: 1.82–22.16), vitiligo (mOR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.31–3.32) and alopecia areata (mOR: 2.82; 95% CI: 2.20–3.62). On gender‐stratified analyses, SLE and alopecia areata were significantly associated with LP in both genders. The association with Sjögren's syndrome was significant only in female patients. The associations with dermatomyositis and vitiligo became insignificant in both genders.ConclusionLichen planus is associated with various autoimmune diseases. Further study is required to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms and roles of autoimmunity in the aetiology of LP.
Exploring the Effect of Ultrafiltration/Diafiltration Processing Conditions on the Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulin G Content of Feta Whey Protein Concentrates
Authors: Tsakali Efstathia , Petrotos Konstantinos , D'Alessandro Angela G. , Mantas Christos , Tripolitsiotis Ioannis , Goulas Panagiotis , Chatzilazarou Arhontoula , van Impe Jan F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paper, the production of powder enriched in lactoferrin (Lf) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) from untreated feta cheese whey is studied. More specifically, the influence of transmembrane pressure (Δp) and temperature on flux and separation ability during ultrafiltration combined with continuous diafiltration is investigated. Two different types of membranes were used, a spiral polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (molecular weight cut‐off [MWCO ∼ 75 kDa) and a set of 18 cylindrical PVDF membranes (MWCO ∼ 100 kDa). For the production of the whey powder, two drying methods were compared: spray and freeze drying. All combinations lead to powder with high total protein content and with a notable content in these two bioactive proteins. However, cylindrical membranes (at a temperature of 20°C and a transmembrane pressure of 4 bar) in combination with freeze drying resulted in the highest yield from whey into Lf and IgG and excellent sensory characteristics.Practical ApplicationsWhey powder enriched in the multifunctional proteins lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G have very large potential both as nutrition additives and for pharmaceutical purposes. The systematic study of the parameters affecting all unit operations involved leads to the most efficient and cheapest production. In order to achieve this, the methodology was kept as simple and low cost as possible. This way, a strong tool could be created for the utilization of the cheese‐making by‐product whey, which still causes large environmental problems.
Study on Residual Oil Recovery from Empty Fruit Bunch by Combination of Water and Steam Process
Authors: Gomez Javier Chavarro , Mokhtar Mohd Noriznan , Sulaiman Alawi , Zakaria Rabitah , Baharuddin Azhari Samsu , Busu Zainuri 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this study, the recovery of residual oil from the spikelet of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) was conducted. Residual oil was present in the OPEFB due to mechanical processes such as the loading of fruit into the sterilizer cage, sterilization and threshing, in which a certain portion of the oil from the fruitlet was impregnated mainly on the surface of the spikelet rather than on the stalk of OPEFB. The highest residual oil content was found mainly in the small OPEFB (28.49 ± 5.20% dry basis). The oil extraction process was introduced as hydro solvent‐assisted steam extraction, which comprises of four main steps, i.e., flooding, injection, soaking and draining. The overall process resulted in above 83% residual oil removal from the spikelet. The proposed method can be an option to be implemented in the palm oil mill because it is a chemical‐free, environment‐friendly and novel process.Practical ApplicationsThe implementation of aqueous extraction for the recovery of residual oil from oil palm biomass is a viable process because water and steam are readily available in palm oil mills. The high content of residual oil in OPEFB contributes to oil losses and a recovery process is needed to increase the oil extraction rate. The aqueous extraction process is safe and environment friendly compared to other chemical extraction processes (e.g., n‐hexane extraction).
Obstetrics anal sphincter injury and repair technique: A review
Authors: Temtanakitpaisan Teerayut , Bunyacejchevin Suvit , Koyama Masayasu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Urogynecology Committee of the Asia and Oceania Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (AOFOG) has held seminars and workshops on various urogynecological problems in each country in the Asia–Oceania area in order to encourage young obstetricians and gynecologists. In 2013, we organized the operative seminar for obstetrical anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) in which we prepared porcine models to educate young physicians in a hands‐on workshop at the 23rd Asian and Oceanic Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Bangkok, Thailand. Laceration of the anal sphincter mostly occurs during vaginal delivery and it can develop into anal sphincter deficiency, which causes fecal incontinence, if an appropriate suture is not performed. OASIS has become an important issue, especially in developing countries. The prevalence of OASIS of more than the third degree is around 5% in primary parous women and the frequency is higher when detected by ultrasonographic evaluation. Several risk factors, such as macrosomia, instrumental labor, perineal episiotomy and high maternal age, have been recognized. In a society where pregnant women are getting older, OASIS is becoming a more serious issue. An intrapartum primary appropriate stitch is important, but the 1‐year outcome of a delayed operation after 2 weeks postpartum is similar. A randomized controlled study showed that overlapping suture of the external sphincter is better than that of end‐to‐end surgical repair. The Urogynecology Committee of the AOFOG would like to continue with educative programs about the appropriate therapy for OASIS.
Altered autonomic nervous system activity in women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Kataoka Kumie , Tomiya Yumi , Sakamoto Ai , Kamada Yasuhiko , Hiramatsu Yuji , Nakatsuka Mikiya 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimAutonomic nervous system activity was studied to evaluate the physical and mental state of women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).MethodsHeart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of beat‐to‐beat temporal changes in heart rate and provides indirect insight into autonomic nervous system tone and can be used to assess sympathetic and parasympathetic tone. We studied autonomic nervous system activity by measuring HRV in 100 women with unexplained RPL and 61 healthy female volunteers as controls. The degree of mental distress was assessed using the Kessler 6 (K6) scale.ResultsThe K6 score in women with unexplained RPL was significantly higher than in control women. HRV evaluated on standard deviation of the normal‐to‐normal interval (SDNN) and total power was significantly lower in women with unexplained RPL compared with control women. These indices were further lower in women with unexplained RPL ≥4. On spectral analysis, high‐frequency (HF) power, an index of parasympathetic nervous system activity, was significantly lower in women with unexplained RPL compared with control women, but there was no significant difference in the ratio of low‐frequency (LF) power to HF power (LF/HF), an index of sympathetic nervous system activity, between the groups.ConclusionsThe physical and mental state of women with unexplained RPL should be evaluated using HRV to offer mental support. Furthermore, study of HRV may elucidate the risk of cardiovascular diseases and the mechanisms underlying unexplained RPL.
Intracerebral antioxidant ability of mature rats after neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain injury estimated using the microdialysis–electron spin resonance method
Authors: Nakajima Akira , Ueda Yuto , Sameshima Hiroshi , Ikenoue Tsuyomu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThe intracerebral antioxidant ability of mature rats after neonatal hypoxic–ischemic (HI) brain injury was estimated using the microdialysis–electron spin resonance method.Material and MethodsSeven‐day‐old Wistar rats were subjected to a modified Levine's procedure for producing HI brain injury. After HI insult, pups were returned and reared with their dams. Seven weeks after HI insult, their intracerebral antioxidant abilities were measured using the microdialysis–electron spin resonance method after the intraperitoneal injection of 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidine‐1‐oxyl. Ascorbic acid, L‐cysteine, and glutathione (GSH) were also determined. The rats without HI insult were used as a control.ResultsThe decay rate of 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidine‐1‐oxyl in the non‐ligated side of the cerebral hemisphere of the HI group was significantly larger than that of the control group. The amounts of ascorbic acid in the perfusate from the non‐ligated side of the HI group were about four times larger than those of the control group. The amounts of L‐cysteine and GSH of the HI group were about 10 times larger than those of the control group.ConclusionsThe antioxidant ability in the non‐ligated sides of the cerebral hemispheres of the mature rats 7 weeks after neonatal HI insult was higher than that of the control group. Higher amounts of ascorbic acid and GSH supported the higher antioxidant ability. The increase of the intracerebral antioxidant ability of the non‐ligated side indicates the compensation of motor function for the lost side. The present results should offer important insights into the prognosis for hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy.
Passion for a Cause: How It Affects Health and Subjective Well‐Being
Authors: St‐Louis Ariane C. , Carbonneau Noémie , Vallerand Robert J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUsing the dualistic model of passion (Vallerand et al., 2003), this research investigated how harmonious passion (HP) or obsessive passion (OP) for a cause can affect volunteers' health and subjective well‐being. Three studies with volunteers for local (local emergency crises and community help) and international (humanitarian missions) causes assessed physical and psychological health using cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs. Study 1 (N = 108) showed that HP was positively related to satisfaction with one's involvement in the cause and unrelated to physical injuries due to cause involvement. OP was unrelated to satisfaction but positively associated with injuries. Findings were replicated in Study 2 (N = 83). Moreover, self‐neglect mediated the positive and negative effects of HP and OP, respectively, on injuries. Study 3 (N = 77) revealed that HP predicted an increase in satisfaction and health over a 3‐month mission. OP predicted an increase in physical symptoms and a decrease in health. Furthermore, OP before a mission was positively related to self‐neglect that was positively associated with physical symptoms after a mission. OP also positively predicted rumination that was conducive to posttraumatic stress disorder. HP was unrelated to these variables. Findings underscore the role of passion for a cause in predicting intrapersonal outcomes of volunteers.
Judgments of Meaning in Life, Religious Beliefs, and the Experience of Cognitive (Dis)Fluency
Authors: Davis William E. , Hicks Joshua A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe primary aim of the current studies was to test whether religiousness interacted with self‐reported levels of meaning in life (MIL) to predict the ease or difficulty in judging one's MIL, the search for meaning itself, and religious doubt. Undergraduate students in Study 1 (N = 111) and adult participants recruited online in Study 2 (N = 206) completed measures of religious beliefs, MIL, cognitive fluency related to MIL, and related variables. Study 3 merged these data sets. In Study 4 (N = 255), online participants completed measures of religious beliefs, cognitive fluency related to religious beliefs, and MIL. Studies 1 and 2 showed that highly religious people with lower MIL reported greater difficulty making their MIL judgments than other people. Study 3 showed that they were also more likely to search for MIL and that disfluency mediated this effect. Study 4 demonstrated that they also reported more difficult judgments of religious beliefs and more religious doubts than their religious peers with high MIL. The current studies demonstrate that the experience of ease or difficulty associated with MIL judgments represents an important yet largely unexamined aspect of MIL. Our findings have implications for understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying responses to meaning threats.
Determinants of pressure drift in Manoscan™ esophageal high‐resolution manometry system
Authors: Babaei A. , Lin E. C. , Szabo A. , Massey B. T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundManoscan™ is one of the commonly used high‐resolution manometry (HRM) systems with declared measurement accuracy of 1–2 mmHg. However, the accuracy of pressure measurements is limited by development of pressure drift (PD) throughout recording. To date, there has been no systematic investigation to identify the factors contributing to PD. The aim of the present study was to characterize the frequency and magnitude of PD in Manoscan™ system and identify the factors contributing to PD.MethodsRecords of 560 consecutive clinical esophageal HRM studies recorded by six distinct HRM catheters were retrospectively reviewed. PD was defined as the residual pressure measurement by each sensor immediately after removal of the catheter. Non‐parametric locally weighted regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of duration of study, number of prior uses of a catheter, peak and average pressure exposure during a study on the PD.Key ResultsThe majority (95%) of clinical manometry studies showed a non‐negligible PD of more than 5 mmHg. The overall PD was 13 ± 5 mmHg and the sensor with greatest amount of PD showed 23 ± 12 mmHg of drift. The upper esophageal sphincter showed the highest PD. Average pressure exposure of a sensor throughout the recording was the most important predictor of PD. PD inversely correlated with number of prior uses of a catheter.Conclusions & InferencesThe PD preferentially affects esophageal high‐pressure zones, and strongly correlates with ‘average pressure exposure’ of a sensor during manometry. Available algorithms of the analysis software do not adequately correct the PD.
Distraction osteogenesis versus orthognathic surgery for the treatment of maxillary hypoplasia in cleft lip and palate patients: a systematic review
Authors: Austin S. L. , Mattick C. R. , Waterhouse P. J. 
Published: December 2014

Structured AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of distraction osteogenesis to orthognathic surgery for the treatment of maxillary hypoplasia in individuals with cleft lip and palate.MethodA systematic review of prospective randomized, quasi‐randomized or controlled clinical trials. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, CENTRAL, trial registers and grey literature were searched. Hand searching of five relevant journals was completed. Two reviewers independently completed inclusion assessment. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were completed by a single reviewer and checked by a second reviewer.ResultsFive publications all reporting different outcomes of a single randomized controlled trial are included within the review. The quality of the evidence was low with a high risk of bias. Both surgical interventions produce significant soft tissue improvement. Horizontal relapse of the maxilla was statistically significantly greater following orthognathic surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in speech and velo‐pharyngeal function between the interventions. Maxillary distraction initially lowered social self‐esteem, but this improved with time resulting in higher satisfaction with life in the long term.ConclusionsThe low quality of evidence included within the review means there is insufficient evidence to conclude whether there is a difference in effectiveness between maxillary distraction and osteotomy for the treatment of cleft‐related maxillary hypoplasia. There is a need for further high‐quality randomized controlled trials to allow conclusive recommendations to be made.
The Economic Model of Forgiveness
Authors: Warmke Brandon 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIt is sometimes claimed that forgiveness involves the cancellation of a moral debt. This way of speaking about forgiveness exploits an analogy between moral forgiveness and economic debt‐cancellation. Call the view that moral forgiveness is like economic debt‐cancellation the Economic Model of Forgiveness. In this article I articulate and motivate the model, defend it against some recent objections, and pose a new puzzle for this way of thinking about forgiveness.
Aluminium tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) with monogenic inheritance pattern
Authors: Singh Dharmendra , Dikshit Harsh Kumar , Kumar Arun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine genetics of Al tolerance and whether the Al tolerance observed is governed by the same gene. The lines ‘L‐7903’ and ‘L‐4602’ have been developed through breeding programme as Al‐tolerant lines. These lines showed maximum root regrowth and minimum accumulation of Al and callose as compared to sensitive genotypes (‘BM‐4’ and ‘L‐4147’). Al tolerance in the parents, F1, F2 and backcross generations was estimated using the regrowth of the primary root after staining and scoring of fluorescent signals. The F1 hybrids responded similarly to the tolerant parents, indicating dominance of Al tolerance over sensitivity. The segregation ratios obtained for Al tolerance and sensitivity in the F2 and backcross generations were 3 : 1 and 1 : 1, respectively. Test of allelism confirmed the same gene was conferring Al tolerance in both genotypes (‘L‐7903’ and ‘L‐4602’) as the F1 was also tolerant and no segregation of tolerant : sensitive was recorded. These results indicated that Al tolerance is a monogenic dominant trait that can be easily transferred to agronomic bases through backcross breeding technique.