bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substituent Electron Push–Pull Interaction in Intermolecular Resonance-Assisted Hydrogen Bonds: Thymine/Adenine Base Pair and Their Complexes with Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Tabayashi Kiyohiko , Takahashi Osamu 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Theoretical studies of substituent R-effects on intermolecular resonance-assisted hydrogen bonds (RAHBs) of R-thymine/R-COOH, R-adenine/R-COOH complexes, and R-thymine/R-adenine base pairs have been made via Taft–Topsom treatment and natural bond orbital analysis, using density functional theory at the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ level. Dimerization energy arising from constituent double H-bonds is essentially dependent on the nature of π-resonance of a substituent, i.e. π-electron-donating and -accepting properties. For monosubstituted base complexes with reference formic acid, π-donor (−R) substitution enhances π-delocalization of conjugated amide/amidine frames and activates the corresponding electron-donor site whereas π-acceptor (+R) substitution quenches the system via the same site, depending on their potentialities |σR+| and |σR−| of π-resonance effect. When both π-donor and π-acceptor substituents coexist in the complexes and base-pairs, they are activated under the support of mutual π-potentialities from counter molecules. Accordingly, one H-bond is significantly enhanced through cooperative electron push–pull interaction by substituents whereas the other being quenched due to the π-resonance effects in the opposite direction. Since bare thymine and adenine bases are actually found π-donating in nature against the amide/amidine frames of RAHBs, π-acceptor substitution of the counter molecule causes cooperative electron push–pull interaction on the corresponding H-bond and actually influences the dimerization energy depending on relative contribution of the constituent H-bonds.
Design experiments for voice commands using neural networks
Authors: Zaatri Abdelouahab , Azzizi Norelhouda , Rahmani Fouad Lazhar 
Published: July 2015

This paper presents the use of a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Nets (MLP-NN) for voice recognition dedicated to generating robot commands. Our main goal concerns the estimation of the minimal number of elements required for the learning process in order to ensure an acceptable success of the neural nets recognition. As the MLP requires references for the spoken words, we have provided these references by means of a supervised classifier based on the mean square error.
An experimental approach has been followed for the design of experiments enabling to determine the minimal elements in the sample for each voice command. Satisfactory results have been obtained leading to a better understanding of variability of the system functioning. Finally, we have noticed that the success rate of the MLP and the minimal number of elements used for the learning process depend on the spoken word structure and of the variability of the actual work situation (word length, noise, speaker, etc).
Research of negative impact on a state of environment in the Russian Federation
Authors: Бабенко Оксана , Babenko Oksana 
Published: July 2015

The article deals with the problems of ecology and managing natural resources. The author investigated the main sources influencing on the environment and identified the processes that don’t allow the environment to be clean.
The author shows the distribution of harmful substances emissions as a result of the impact of automobile transport, the dependence of the concentration of harmful substances in the different categories of vehicles is presented, the predominant pollutant chemical compounds from automobile transport are revealed, also the most dangerous factors of transport pollution, affecting on the health of the population are identified, the norms of harmful substances emissions into the atmosphere (the maximum allowable levels), actual data and comparative analysis of emissions into the atmosphere by 2005, 2010 2013 are given.
The article presents the results of analysis of the influence of thermal power plants on the ecological state of the environment and their impact on health of population, and particularly highlighted the results of the ash and slag dumps TPP environmental impact, the analysis of which allowed to reveal extent of exerted environmental damage, that defined by composition of ash, preserving type, physiographic and climatic characteristics of the area. In addition to the negative impact of thermal power plants on the environment, there is considered the significant harm caused by wastewater discharges of TPP into water bodies, the sources of which are petroleum products, chlorides, sulfates, salts of heavy metals and other.
The author carried out the monitoring of pollutants emissions into the atmosphere and water bodies and offered the ways to solve this problem for improving the state of the environment and water.
Algorithms of search of effective logistic chains of a network of process for the sphere of service
Authors: Лавренченко Сергей , Lavrenchenko Sergey , Дуборкина Ирина , Duborkina Irina 
Published: July 2015

Logistics network arise when a transmission of material substance, material objects or energy, information and finance by links (channels) exist (for example, checked baggage on flights). The article proposes and substantiates the general concept of a logistics network for modeling any kind of service delivered by links between network nodes.
The efficiency of each link of the network is defined as ratio of the volume of useful services at the outlet link to the volume of service, which has been spent at the input (for a certain period of time).
The effectiveness of chain in the network is determined the same – as ratio of the volume of service at the output of chain to the volume of service at its input.
The overall efficiency of the chain is calculated as the product of the efficiencies of its links and the efficiency of chain better, than less in it losses.
The author introduces the concept of unprofitableness of service in such way that the total unprofitableness is equal to the sum of unprofitability chain of unprofitable parts of it, i.e., efficiency of links are multiplied, and their loss added. Thus, the antagonistic couple (efficiency unprofitability) turns out analogous to the pair (reliability, entropy) from communication theory and coding.
The article presents the possible interpretations by the offered logistic model: energy, material, information and financial network. The algorithms for information support of logistics networks are offered: two algorithms for finding the most effective chain from a specified mentioned one node to another, and two algorithms for finding in the network guaranteed a minimum level of service (between any pair of unspecified nodes).
The authors demonstrated an example of the application of the algorithm for finding the most efficient energy chain from the substation to the specified customer in the specific energy network.
Development of a technique and the organization of classes in training of skiers of younger categories at a &#34;basic&#34; aestivo-autumnal stage of trainings
Authors: Линтарёва Валентина , Lintareva Valentina , Иванова Лариса , Ivanova Larisa , Стеценко Елена , Stetsenko Elena 
Published: July 2015

Performances of Russian skiers at the XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi acknowledged as ambiguous: highly successful in men and less successful in women. Unsuccessful performances in women motivated the ski community in Russia, including and the authors of this article, to search negative reasons why so many women&#180;s teams have failed in performances. Some of them, in our opinion, consist in the lack of regular and systematic training sessions of skiers 16-19 years old in the mode of a one-year training cycle, especially in the summer-autumn stages of training and the insufficiency of instructional materials and methodical recommendations on issues educational and training activities on these stages of preparation.
There are tendencies to reduce the number of training sessions skiing in universities, colleges and schools under the program approved by RF Ministry of Education. But in some regions of the Russian Federation is noted the complete absence of such training.
Organization and methods of educational and training sessions of skiers of least significant digit on the &#34;basic&#34; summer-autumn stage of preparation, taking into account the favorable climatic conditions and increased light day allow to widely use of variety of general and specialized tools and exercises used in the training process and more comfortable to deal with training load in the future, especially during the main &#34;snow&#34; preparation phase.
Proposed by authors training and methodical recommendations for the organization of the training process of skiers of least significant digit on the &#34;basic&#34; summer-autumn stage of a one-year training cycle with using mostly means and exercise of general physical preparing, with taking into account the discharge qualifications of boys and girls permit to carry out the training load in the specified volumes and time parameters. The offered by authors training load, in our opinion, can serve as an indicator of the functional state of athletes.
SCHEMES AND LEVELS OF STATE AID TO RAIL INDUSTRY IN EUROPE: EVIDENCES FROM A CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISON
Authors: Arrigo Ugo , Foggia Giacomo Di 
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the evolution of both schemes and levels of public support to railway sector in selected European countries. Although prior research sheds some light on this topic, more information is required to clarify national obligations under European railway liberalisation law regarding incentives toward railway undertakings. Focusing on Italy, besides the reduction of capital grants, justified by the completion of the high-speed line Turin-Milan-Naples, this paper finds an increasing support to the service operators and in the meantime a reduction of subsidies aimed at financing network operations. This shift of resources may undermine competition. The findings of this study help to fill the gap in estimating State aid to European railways.
HIERARCHICAL-TYPE STRUCTURES OF THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Kotchetkov Artur 
Published: July 2015

The assessment of hierarchical structures has long been under examination by scientists for more than a hundred years. Hierarchical structures are significantly associated with effective management and bureaucratic decisions making. A wide range of problems exists on this subject, including the analysis of the most applied management models at the enterprises. These models describe hierarchical structures, and also permit the reduction in management expenses. Methodological basis of the real research are classical concepts presented in different branches of the management theory. The real research is based on methods of the functional and structural analysis, as well as on empirical observation method.Adequate evaluation of hierarchical structures enables an achievement in efficiency of enterprise management. The importance of the research findings comprises the presented recommendations and in a new approach of hierarchical structures assessment. These results can be used by market-related institutes, e.g. insurance companies, banking institutions, auditor companies, etc.
DOES MARKETING RELATE TO FINANCE? – “MARKETING IS FINANCE?” THEORETICAL PERCEPTION
Authors: Fetahu Elvira 
Published: July 2015

As market develops and grows continuously and internationalizes, the confusion among companies increases regarding their orientation of the business. They find it each day more difficult to grab new shares in the market, to capture and gain new customers, to hold their clientele, to increase continuously their customers’ satisfaction, to position properly in the market and to face competition, as well as to answer to the spontaneity of the market evolution. This tells for an increasing role of marketing in the companies’ organization, and of course in their performance and profitability. Even this necessity, the top management and other departments, but especially the finance ones are often debating on the marketing role and its contribution in the overall profit of the company, as marketing is very much oriented and familiar with performance indicators rather than financial results and profit in itself. There are views recently which emphasize that marketing is finance too, as it completes the value chain and realizes indirectly all the company’s targets. To this logic it has become necessary to measure its performance not only using marketing KPI (Key Performance Indicator) but financial metrics too. The study aims to show the reasons why marketing and finance are closely related and why “marketing is finance”. This is a deduction-induction-deduction theoretical review and treatment of the question, based on some facts and arguments both, from the world wide experience, as well as from Albanian reality of business and marketing.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTION RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Zaidi Uzma 
Published: July 2015

The study aimed to implement action research method in educational institution for the sake of positive reforms and to initiate process of progress by using combination of Organizational Psychology and Administration. It is observed that those educational institutions who do not meet the needs of advanced technology and serve with limited capacity gradually lose their position. The organizational research strategies discussed in this study were applied by author during Feb, 2011-Aug,2012 while performing the duties as Head of the Department at Applied Psychology, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The implementations could be helpful to apply these strategies in similar or other various fields.
THE CONTENT OF PROTECTIVE BARRIER OF THE STOMACH IN PATIENTS WITH DUODENAL ULCER ASSOCIATED AND NON-ASSOCIATED WITH H. PYLORI INFECTION
Authors: Yakubov Abdujalol Vahabovich , Pulatova Nargiza Ihsanovna 
Published: July 2015

The condition of the protective barrier of the stomach in patients with duodenal ulcer associated and non-associated with H. pylori infection has been studied. The state of gastric mucosal barrier was studied in 72 patients with peptic ulcer disease association with H. pylori and 26 patients without H. pylori by determining the content of insoluble glycoproteins and its fractions in the basal portion of the gastric juice. In a comparative perspective the state of these indicators were studied depending on the association with H. pylori and the severity of the disease.In patients with H. pylori, damages of protective mucus barrier are characterized by the significant shortage of fucose, which is considered to be the main component of the insoluble glycoproteins. In patients without H. pylori, status of mucosal barrier is characterized by uniform and less significant reduction in the content of fractions of insoluble glycoproteins. In this patients the reduction of insoluble glycoproteins is not dependent on the frequency of exacerbation.The content of fucose in the mucous gel of gastric juice is a diagnostic criterion for determining the frequency of recurrence of the disease in patients with H. pylori infection.
LEVEL OF MARKERS OF NEURODEGENERATION IN PATIENTS WITH OCULAR ISCHEMIC SYNDROME
Authors: Kamilov Halidjan , Kasimova Munirahon , Makhkamova Dilbar 
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the content neurospecific markers protein S-100 and neuroenolaza in blood serum and tear fluid of patients with ocular ischemic syndrome.Material and methods. We observed 43 patients aged 57 to 79 years, mean age 67.3 ± 2.7 years. Control group consisted of 11 volunteers without ophthalmic symptoms. The main group consisted of 32 patients with OIS. The neurospecific proteins S100 and NSE were investigated in blood serum and tear fluid.Results. The study found that in patients of the control group the content of protein were within the normal range: S- 100 in the tear fluid – 0,0662 ± 0,00335 mkg/l, in the blood serum 0,0508 ± 0,00241 mkg/l. In patients of the main group the indicators of protein in the tear fluid were elevated in all patients - 3,12 ± 0,246 mkg/l ( p<0.005). The normal levels in blood serum of marker S-100 was in 30 patients - 0,0589 ± 0,00303 mkg/l, while, in 2 patients protein S-100 were raised and averaged 0,2175±0,00725 mkg/l. It was found that in patients of the control group content of protein NSE in the tear fluid and blood serum were within normal values - 15,86 ± 0,148 Ng/ml, 15,60 ± 0,202 Ng/ml respectively. In the main group the amount of protein NSE tended to increase in the tear fluid in 23 patients and averaged 33,012 ± 3,2626 Ng/ml (p<0.005), a significant decrease the quantity of protein was observed in 9 patients, which amounted to 5,166 ± 0,8301 Ng/ml. At normal levels in the blood serum protein NSE detected in 30 patients and averaged 14,48 ± 0,263 Ng/ml, whereas, in 2 patients there was a significant increase of content of protein NSE and was 27,47 ± 3,068 Ng/ml.Conclusions. Thus, changes in the concentration of S100 and neuroenolaza in the tear fluid in patients with ocular ischemic syndrome allow to identify as marker of nerve cells damage of the eye, contributing to the definition in conjunction with other signs of stage and etiology of the disease.
STATE OF MICROBIAL LANDSCAPE OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE STENOSING LARYNGOTRACHEITIS
Authors: Samieva Gulnoza Utkurovna 
Published: July 2015

The increase in the number of acute respiratory infections in children, accompanied by airway obstruction, often leads to the development of stenotic laryngotracheitis. The primary factors are respiratory viruses, and bacterial flora often joining together, changing the type of the disease which is determined by its outcome. Exposure to infectious agents in the body contribute to the development of chronic infectious diseases of the respiratory tract in children, resulting in damages to the ciliary epithelium and weakening of its connection with the basal cells and the basement membrane. This, in turn, facilitates the penetration of allergens and other inflammation stimulants into submucosal tissue.We have studied the state of the microbial landscape of the mucous membranes in the upper respiratory tract in 275 patients with stenosing laryngotracheitis; they are children aged 6 months to 5 years. All patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 122 children with primary stenosing laryngotracheitis (PSLT); group 2 were 153 patients with recurrent stenosing laryngotracheitis (RSLT). We noted that the most common mucosal lesion of germs in all age groups falls on Staphylococcus aureus. It has been established that the nasopharynx microbial defeat is found twice as often at RSLT than at PSLT. In older children with RSLT, oropharynx was frequently a complex association of pathogens.
ISOLATED PRIMARY HYDATID CYST OF THE PANCREAS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Yuksel Mehmet Eren , Aytac Bulent , Karamercan Ahmet 
Published: July 2015

Hydatid disease is caused by tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. E. granulosus forms hydatid cysts in human body, mostly in the liver and the lung. However, isolated primary hydatid cyst of the pancreas is rarely seen. Hereby, we report a 40-year-old Caucasian female with a hydatid cyst in the body of the pancreas. The patient, complaining of vague abdominal pain was examined with abdominal ultrasound. The ultrasound scan of abdomen revealed an exophytic cystic lesion in the body of the pancreas, approximately 7.5x5 cm in size. The defined lesion was thought to be compatible with hydatid cyst stage 4-5. The surgical team informed the patient about all possible treatment options. The patient was put on albendazole treatment, 400 mg twice daily, for two months. Despite the medical treatment, the patient complained about abdominal pain and discomfort affecting her daily life. Therefore, she decided for surgical intervention. Following the intraoperative application of scolicidal hypertonic 20% NaCl solution, partial cystectomy with capitonnage was performed. The patient did well postoperatively. Isolated primary hydatid cyst of the pancreas is rarely seen, however, it should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain, especially in endemic areas.
Use of a copolymer dressing on superficial and partial-thickness burns in a paediatric population
Authors: Everett M. , Massand S. , Davis W. , Burkey B. , Glat P.M. 
Published: July 2015

Objective: Despite extensive research into the treatment of partial-thickness burns, to date there has not been the emergence of a preeminent modality. This pilot study, the first such study to be performed in a burn unit in the US, was designed to evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of the application of copolymer dressing (Suprathel; PolyMedics Innovations Corporation, Stuttgart, Germany) for both superficial and deeper partial-thickness burns. Method: The copolymer dressing was used as a primary wound dressing to treat superficial and deep partial-thickness burns (average 5% total body surface area) in paediatric patients. Burns were debrided within 24 hours, at bedside, in the burn unit or in the operating room. The copolymer dressing was then applied directly to the wound and covered with a non-adherent second layer and an absorptive outer dressing. After discharge, patients were seen every 5–7 days until healed. Parameters evaluated included average hospital length of stay, average number of intravenous doses of narcotics administered, pain score at first follow-up visit, average time to complete re epithelialisation, incidence of burn wound infection, and patient/parent satisfaction on a 4-point scale. We also evaluated our experience with the dressing. Data were evaluated retrospectively under an Investigational Review Board approved protocol. Results: Of the 17 patients assessed the average hospital length of stay was 1.4 days during which the average number of intravenous narcotic doses administered before copolymer dressing application was 1.5 and after was 0.1 doses. At the first follow-up visit, average pain score was 1.2 on a 10-point scale and the average time to re epithelialisation was 9.5 days. There was no incidence of burn wound infection. Patient/parent satisfaction was average of 3.66 on a 4-point scale. The staff had found that the self-adherence and elasticity of the dressing made it easy to apply and stay adherent, especially in areas of difficult contour. There were no readmissions for further debridement or skin grafting. Conclusion: Our experience shows that patients may be discharged shortly after the application of the copolymer dressing, with manageable pain scores and ease of use as determined by the caretakers high satisfaction. This new, fully synthetic copolymer dressing is easy to apply, does not require any additional antimicrobial coverage and may be used to successfully manage deeper partial-thickness burns, donor sites or burns in areas of contour, where many other dressings might not be considered or be appropriate. Declaration of interest: None declared
A corrupção política e os media – uma perspetiva comparada
Authors: Pereira José Pacheco 
Published: July 2015

O artigo defende que discutir o problema da corrupção política implica não ignorara manipulação de opinião pelos media e a ausência de mecanismos de distanciaçãopor parte destes e afirma que a cobertura jornalística da corrupção política está muito longe de cobrir os aspetos mais importantes da realidade no que respeita à corrupção. No que respeita ao sistema político-partidário, o autor analisa os circuitos do poder no seio dos partidos, os mecanismos de influência entre estese deputados, autarquias e governos.