bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological Analysis of Enamel Microstructure in Response to Dietary Habits: Comparative Study A cross Different Populations
Authors: Momina khadija Abbasi  , Aiza saadia  , Naila Abrar  
Published: August 2024

Background: The protective role of enamel against physical and chemical injury is well documented. Despite being classified as connective tissue, with its composition and microstructure dominated by hydroxyapatite crystals it is the hardest in the human body
Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the histological changes in enamel microstructure that occur when distinct populations follow different food habits.
Study Design: This study employs a comparative cross-sectional design.
Duration and Place of the Study: This study was conducted at Department of pathology Watim medical and dental college, Rawat , from 3rd June 2022 to 2nd May 2023.
Material and Methods: A sum of 300 dental examples were acquired from members having a place with one or the other, High Carbohydrate Diet Group (n=95): people accounting their principle dietary consumption high-carb nourishments like grains/pay/aries and starches. High-Proteins Diet Group (n=108): participants who had the highest consumption of protein-rich foods, such as meat products, legumes and dairy. Mixed Diet Group (n=97): People with intermediate consumptions of carbohydrates, proteins and fats Subsequently, study participants were determined to best represent the two diet groups based on dietary surveys and medical histories.
Results: In total, 300 participants are considered in this research, with the mean age of the group on HC totals 3.5 ± 1.3 years, HP group 3.4 ± 9.2 years, and MD group 3.6 ± 1.1 years. The gender distribution also shows similar characteristics, males are 55.8% in HC group, 46.3% in HP group, and 52.6% in MD group; females are 44.2%, 53.7%, and 47.4%, respectively. Concerning the age range, the major cluster is 26-35 years old and 36-45 years old cohorts, which proves the majority of the middle ages.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that decomposition is a major factor affecting the surface morphology, structure and health of enamel.
Hubungan Tingkat Kebisingan Umur dan Perilaku Merokok dengan Peningkatan Tekanan Darah
Authors: Amalia Rahmah Lutfi 
Published: August 2024

Paparan terhadap kebisingan merupakan salah satu aspek lingkungan kerja yang dapat berdampak negatif pada kesehatan pekerja, termasuk peningkatan risiko hipertensi. Penambahan faktor risiko seperti usia dan perilaku merokok dapat memperburuk situasi ini. Jenis pada penelitian ini penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling dimana seluruh populasi menjadi sampel, berjumlah 35 orang. Pengukuran umur dan perilaku merokok menggunakan kuesioner, pengukuran kebisingan menggunakan Sound Level Meter, pengukuran tekanan darah menggunakan Sphygmomanometer aneroid. Hasil Uji statistik Fisher's Exact menunjukkan ada hubungan antara tingkat kebisingan dengan peningkatan tekanan darah pada Tenaga Kerja Pengolahan Kayu dengan nilai p-value 0,001 (p<0,05). Ada hubungan antara umur dengan peningkatan tekanan darah pada Tenaga Kerja Pengolahan Kayu dengan nilai p-value 0,007 (p<0,05). Ada hubungan antara perilaku merokok dengan peningkatan tekanan darah pada Tenaga Kerja Pengolahan Kayu dengan nilai p-value 0,000 (p<0,05). Ada hubungan tingkat kebisingan, umur, dan perilaku merokok dengan peningkatan tekanan darah tenaga kerja di pengolahan kayu UD. Cahaya Alba.
Factors Related to The Implementation of Handover in Hospital Inpatient Rooms
Authors: Kartini Kartini 
Published: August 2024

Handover is an oral communication of information about patients carried out by nurses at the change of shift. Inaccurate information in carrying out acceptance considerations can have a serious impact on patients. The aim of this literature review is to determine the factors associated with patient handover in hospital inpatient rooms. A literature search was carried out based on articles published between 2018-2023 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been determined using 1 data base, namely GoogleSchool. This literature search uses the PRISMA guideline in carrying out the screening process. From the search results, 2,420 articles were obtained. After carrying out the screening process, there were 3 articles that met the criteria and will be analyzed. Based on a study of 3 articles, it was found that the factors related to the implementation of patient handover in inpatient rooms in hospitals are: supervision, knowledge, peer support, communication, and organizational culture. Factors related to the implementation of handover patient consist of interna and external factors. It is hoped that hospitals will establish policies related to the management of handover patient in the form of standards and handover patient procedures that are applied in all hospital inpatient rooms, socialization and need supervision toward handover patient. As well as increasing nurses' knowledge through training. Keywords: factors, consideration, inpatient, hospital, nurse
Microscale modeling of fluid flow‐geomechanics‐seismicity: Relationship between permeability and seismic source response in deformed rock joints
Authors: Raziperchikolaee S. , Alvarado V. , Yin S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractStudying rock joint deformation including both slippage and opening mechanisms provides an opportunity to investigate the connection between the permeability and seismic source mechanisms. A microscale fluid flow‐geomechanics‐seismicity model was built to evaluate the transport response and failure mechanism of microcracks developed along a joint in Berea sandstone samples during deformation. The modeling method considers comprehensive grain‐cement interactions. Fluid flow behavior is obtained through a realistic network model of the pore space in the compacted assembly. The geometric description of the complex pore structure is characterized to predict permeability of the rock sample as a function of rock deformation by using a dynamic pore network model. As a result of microcracks development, forces and displacements in grains involved in bond breakage are measured to determine seismic moment tensor. Shear and nonshear displacements are applied to the joint samples to investigate their effects on permeability evolution and failure mechanism of microcracks during joint deformation. In addition, the effect of joint roughness is analyzed by performing numerical compression tests. We also investigate how confining pressure affects volumetric deformation leading to opening or closure of developed microcracks and permeability changes of samples with joints.
Alkaline extraction of xylan from wood using microwave and conventional heating
Authors: Panthapulakkal Suhara , Kirk Donald , Sain Mohini 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate the effect of microwave heating versus conventional heating for the alkaline hydrolysis of xylan from birch wood to understand the effect of the heating process on the dissolution of wood, the yield of xylan, and the degree of polymerization of the isolated xylan. The results indicate that the rate of wood dissolution is significantly higher (0.020/s) during microwave extraction than the conventional extraction (0.001/s). Wood solubilization, after an initial rapid removal of damaged fibers, is linear with time for both conventional and microwave extraction, with microwave showing a rate 20 times faster. The yield of xylan reaches a limit of about 60% for both processes but then declines slowly as thermal degradation become significant. Microwave heating provides 60% yield in 1/10th the time of the conventional process. This is found to be associated with the rapid temperature rise, and also with local “hot spots” generated during microwave treatment. The results indicated that xylan degradation was significant above 95°C. The nature of the isolated xylan was different for the two heating methods: the xylan isolated using microwave extraction for 20 min exhibits higher molecular weight (i.e., a greater degree of polymerization, about 150) than the xylan isolated using conventional extraction for the same duration (degree of polymerization, about 124) demonstrating the effectiveness of microwave heating for extraction of xylan from wood. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41330.
Molecular subtyping of bladder cancer using Kohonen self‐organizing maps
Authors: Borkowska Edyta M. , Kruk Andrzej , Jedrzejczyk Adam , Rozniecki Marek , Jablonowski Zbigniew , Traczyk Magdalena , Constantinou Maria , Banaszkiewicz Monika , Pietrusinski Michal , Sosnowski Marek , Hamdy Freddie C. , Peter Stefan , Catto James W.F. , Kaluzewski Bogdan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractKohonen self‐organizing maps (SOMs) are unsupervised Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) that are good for low‐density data visualization. They easily deal with complex and nonlinear relationships between variables. We evaluated molecular events that characterize high‐ and low‐grade BC pathways in the tumors from 104 patients. We compared the ability of statistical clustering with a SOM to stratify tumors according to the risk of progression to more advanced disease. In univariable analysis, tumor stage (log rank P = 0.006) and grade (P < 0.001), HPV DNA (P < 0.004), Chromosome 9 loss (P = 0.04) and the A148T polymorphism (rs 3731249) in CDKN2A (P = 0.02) were associated with progression. Multivariable analysis of these parameters identified that tumor grade (Cox regression, P = 0.001, OR.2.9 (95% CI 1.6–5.2)) and the presence of HPV DNA (P = 0.017, OR 3.8 (95% CI 1.3–11.4)) were the only independent predictors of progression. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering grouped the tumors into discreet branches but did not stratify according to progression free survival (log rank P = 0.39). These genetic variables were presented to SOM input neurons. SOMs are suitable for complex data integration, allow easy visualization of outcomes, and may stratify BC progression more robustly than hierarchical clustering.
Combining Cobalt‐Assisted Alkyne Cyclotrimerization and Ring Formation through C–H Bond Activation: A “One‐Pot” Approach to Complex Multimetallic Structures
Authors: Filipczyk Grzegorz , Hildebrandt Alexander , Pfaff Ulrike , Korb Marcus , Rüffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMultiferrocenyl‐substituted benzenes could be obtained in a “one‐pot” reaction of 1,4‐diferrocenylbutadiyne with substoichiometric amounts of [CoCp(CO)2] (Cp = cyclopentadienyl) by combining cobalt‐assisted formal [2+2+2] cycloaddition with C–H bond activation at a single catalyst. A mechanism for the reaction is discussed. The newly synthesized hexaferrocenyl species belongs to the rather scarcely examined family of multimetallic aromatic compounds. It is one of the few examples in which the ferrocenyl units are either single bonded or 1,2‐substituted to give rise to planar chirality at three of the ferrocenyl units. Electrochemical studies showed that up to six consecutive ferrocenyl‐based redox events are observed. Within in situ spectro‐electrochemical measurements of both compounds it is shown that two intervalence charge‐transfer pathways are possible. At different excitation energies either a charge transfer through the peripheric ethylene bridging unit or through the central benzene unit occurs.
Isomerization of Ninhydrin–Heterocyclic Ketene Aminal Adducts: Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Control, Solvent Dependency and Mechanism
Authors: Chen Nanyang , Zou Minming , Tian Xue , Zhu Fengjuan , Jiang Danping , Cheng Jiagao , Shao Xusheng , Li Zhong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNinhydrin and heterocyclic ketene aminals (HKAs) are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. Reactions of ninhydrin with HKAs initially produced the kinetic products indeno[1,2‐b]pyrrol‐4(1H)‐one derivatives, which could further isomerize to thermodynamic counterparts indeno[2,1‐b]pyrrol‐8(1H)‐ones. The isomerization showed a strong solvent dependency and occurred through a decomposition–reconstruction pathway. This is the first example of isomerization of ninhydrin‐constructed products. The conversion between kinetic and thermodynamic control may be applicable to similar reactions involving ninhydrin or HKAs.
Toward the Total Synthesis of Klaivanolide: Complete Reinterpretation of Its Originally Assigned Structure
Authors: Ferrié Laurent , Ferhi Sabrina , Bernadat Guillaume , Figadère Bruno 
Published: August 2014

AbstractKlaivanolide is an antiparasitic natural product isolated from Uvaria klaineana, whose structure was originally assigned as a seven‐membered lactone ring. Attempts towards the total synthesis of klaivanolide led us to revise its original structural assignment based on both experimental evidence and spectroscopic data. The isolated compound was revealed to be a known molecule, acetylmelodorinol, originally isolated from Melodorum fruticosum. Vibrational circular dichroism simulation of the reassigned structure was also performed to reinvestigate our previous studies on the determination of the absolute configuration of klaivanolide.
Turning Around the L‐Phe‐D‐Oxd Moiety for a Versatile Low‐Molecular‐Weight Gelator
Authors: Milli Lorenzo , Castellucci Nicola , Tomasini Claudia 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe have prepared a small library of 13 peptidomimetics containing the L‐Phe‐D‐Oxd unit (or the isosteric L‐Phe‐D‐pGlu unit), which is a privileged scaffold for the preparation of supramolecular materials. These compounds were prepared in solution in excellent yields and tested as organogelators and/or hydrogelators at 10 mM concentration with a plethora of solvents and solvent mixtures. Two molecules were very efficient gelators: one is a organogelator and the other is a hydrogelator. As these compounds have quite different skeletons, a rationale to explain the different behaviour of these molecules as gelators takes into consideration their hydrophobicity, expressed as log P. Finally, Fmoc‐L‐Phe‐D‐pGlu‐OH (6b) efficiently gelated phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS 1X) at 1.5 % w/w concentration and is an excellent candidate for the preparation of novel materials for applications in, for example, drug release, biological assays, and tissue engineering.
A Simple Approach to Vicinal Pyrrolylphosphane Aldehydes
Authors: Savateev Aleksandr A. , Shtil Nataliya A. , Chaikovskaya Aleksandra A. , Smaliy Radomyr V. , Vlasenko Yurii G. , Kostyuk Alexandr N. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA simple approach to vicinal pyrrolylphosphane aldehydes was developed. The reaction of Alder's dimer 1 with a set of pyrrolylphosphane derivatives—its oxides, sulfides, and selenides—was studied in detail. While Alder's dimer reacted with phosphane oxides and sulfides at the O and S atoms, phosphane selenides 4a–c were found to be suitable for the introduction of the formyl group into the pyrrole ring. The reaction of highly electrophilic Alder's dimer with pyrrolylphosphane selenides proceeded predominantly at the pyrrolyl nuclei, affording the corresponding aldehydes. The phosphoroselenoyl groups of aldehydes 11 were reduced either with Raney Ni or hexamethylphosphorustriamide under mild conditions, affording pyrrolylphosphane aldehydes 12.
Adult newborn neurons are involved in learning acquisition and long‐term memory formation: The distinct demands on temporal neurogenesis of different cognitive tasks
Authors: Suárez‐Pereira Irene , Canals Santiago , Carrión Ángel M 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThere is evidence that adult hippocampal neurogenesis influences hippocampal function, although the role these neurons fulfill in learning and consolidation processes remains unclear. Using a novel fast X‐ray ablation protocol to deplete neurogenic cells, we demonstrate that immature adult hippocampal neurons are required for hippocampal learning and long‐term memory formation. Moreover, we found that long‐term memory formation in the object recognition and passive avoidance tests, two paradigms that involve circuits with distinct emotional components, had different temporal demands on hippocampal neurogenesis. These results reveal new and unexpected aspects of neurogenesis in cognitive processes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
P450BM3‐Axial Mutations: A Gateway to Non‐Natural Reactivity
Authors: Hyster Todd K. , Arnold Frances H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEnzymes capable of catalyzing non‐natural reactions have the potential to alter the way relevant molecules are prepared on‐scale. Efforts to this end have largely focused on combining non‐natural cofactors with proteins lacking catalytic function to obtain non‐natural reactivity. An alternative approach is to utilize a native cofactor to catalyze non‐natural reactions. Recently, our group demonstrated that heme‐containing cytochrome P450s are able to catalyze the highly selective cyclopropanation of alkenes. Superior activity was observed upon changing the axial cysteine to serine (“P411”). Mutation at the conserved axial ligand has enabled P450s to catalyze other non‐natural reactions such as NH insertion and CH amination.
AN INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES MODEL FOR MULTIPLE REGRESSION
Authors: Cleary Theresa Anne 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA model for multiple regression is developed which allows individual differences to emerge empirically. The model encompasses as special cases several of the previous attempts to improve psychological prediction by deviating from the usual linear multiple regression model. The model is tested with both artificial and real data. The results indicate that the model effectively reduces the variance of the error of prediction, and that the weights obtained are stable over different samples, and, to some extent, over different sets of predictors.
FACULTY PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS
Authors: Davis Junius A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA matrix of 80 different trait ratings of college students by teachers, plus high school and college grades and the students' SAT scores, was factored, utilizing the Promax method of Hendrickson and White. This yielded 18 factors From intercorrelations among the factor axes, a principal axes procedure was used for (second‐order) factor extraction, and four factors were defined by rotation to the normal Equamax criterion. These factors were tentatively named (I) Interpersonal Style, (II) Ethical Orientation, (III) Intellectual Involvement, and (IV) Academic Performance Style.
A STUDY OF THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF THE TESTS OF SCIENTIFIC THINKING*
Authors: Ward William C. , Frederiksen Norman 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe “Tests of Scientific Thinking” (TST) are free‐response job‐sample tests intended to measure aspects of scientific problem solving that require some degree of imaginativeness and ingenuity and that might therefore be used as dependent measures in research on “creativity.” The present study was designed to provide some preliminary evidence as to the validity of measures derived from these instruments. The TST and the GRE tests were compared with regard to their relationships to interests, self‐appraisals, and accomplishments of students during their first year of graduate work in psychology. These criterion variables were obtained from a questionnaire mailed to students near the end of the Spring, 1975, academic semester. Subjects were students who had taken the tests in October of 1973 for a study of the psychometric properties of the experimental tests.Difficulties in data analysis were created both by the item‐sampling character of the experimental test data, and by a relatively small rate of return of questionnaires from students who were actually attending graduate school in psychology. The estimated correlations for individual variables, therefore, reflect a substantial amount of error and can be regarded only as suggestive. It was possible to show, however, that the correlations do exhibit appreciable nonchance variance with regard to consistency across tests and across related questionnaire variables.The means, standard deviations, and reliabilities of the TST scores were in general about the same as those obtained in the psychometric study, as were correlations with GRE scores. The GRE tests were found to be more effective than the experimental instruments in predicting quality of the department attended, but the experimental tests were more effective in two other domains: (1) self‐appraisals of knowledge of psychology and skills in psychological activities, and (2) professional accomplishments such as research, publication, teaching, and tutoring. Of the several scores obtained from the new tests, those for number of Unusual responses and for number of Unusual‐High quality responses were the best predictors. The evidence is judged to justify further investigation of the validity of the experimental tests by other methods.
KINESTHETIC AFTEREFFECT SCORES ARE RELIABLE
Authors: Mishara Brian L. , Baker A. Harvey 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe validity of Kinesthetic Aftereffect (KAE) as a measure of personality has been criticized because of KAE's poor test‐retest reliability. However, systematic bias effects render KAE retest sessions invalid and make test‐retest reliability an inappropriate measure of KAE's true reliability. Internal consistency calculations, better estimates of KAE's true reliability, have been flawed in the past. New analyses of internal consistency data from 10 samples using two different KAE procedures are presented. Internal consistency of KAE scores were found to be high (median .89 for five samples with Petrie's procedure and median .59 for five samples with Weintraub's procedure). Both procedures provided adequate reliability. Some increment in reliability can apparently be obtained by extending the number of trials in the Weintraub procedure.
COGNITIVE STYLE AND INTERHEMISPHERIC DIFFERENTIATION IN THE EEG
Authors: Oltman Philip K. , Semple Charmion , Goldstein Leonide 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe field‐dependence‐independence cognitive style, that component of the psychological differentiation dimension which subsumes spatial ability and certain aspects of personality and social behavior, was found to be associated with variations between individuals in the extent of differentiation of EEG activity between the two hemispheres. Fluctuations over time in integrated EEG amplitudes recorded from the left and right hemispheres were more similar to each other (i.e., less differentiated) in individuals with a field‐dependent cognitive style than in those who were field independent.
A CAUSAL MODEL OF TEACHERS' EXPECTATIONS IN ELEMENTARY CLASSROOMS1
Authors: Lockheed Marlaine E. , Morgan William R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBoth federal and local officials now demand desegregation by race and sex, incorporation of handicapped and bilingual children into regular classes, and equity in the provision of educational programs. The result has been a diverse population in individual classrooms. Experimental research has confirmed that teachers' expectations for students' achievement are influenced by characteristics such as the student's race, sex, social class, physical attractiveness or native language, as well as by the student's actual achievement; and that teachers' expectations can influence students' achievement. Using data from a longitudinal study of teachers and students in 93 integrated, second‐ and fifth‐grade classrooms throughout California, we analyzed the determinants of teachers' expectations, the effects of teachers' expectations on students' achievement, and the reciprocal effects of teachers' expectation and students' achievement. We found that teacher and self‐expectations both had strong effects on achievement gains in reading and mathematics, net of the effects of six student characteristics. Feedback effects from student's current achievement to teacher expectations occurred only in the fifth grade. In the second grade, ascribed characteristics were more important for setting both teacher and self‐expectations.