bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the Oxidative Desulfurization Performance Using MoO3/CuO‐Modified Hierarchical HY Zeolite
Authors: Moosavifar Maryam , Poormahdigaemmagami Pouya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe presence of sulfur compounds in the chemical industry poses significant environmental and economic problems, including endangering human and animal lives and damaging equipment. For this purpose, hierarchical HY zeolite (Hie‐Y) with a SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio 10 was successfully synthesized through sequential desilication‐dealumination using NH4OH treatment. A weak alkaline media with surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) facilitates mesoporosity formation and preserves the zeolite structure. Metal oxide (CuO, MoO3) ‐ hierarchical HY zeolite nanocomposites have been prepared by one or a combination of 3 methods: 1) ion exchange, 2) precipitation, and 3) calcination. The obtained catalysts were characterized using XRD, FT‐IR, FESEM, UV‐Vis, EDS, and BET techniques. The formation of a hierarchical structure is associated with structure preservation, but partial destruction occurs based on the entering Cu in the zeolite pores. These catalysts have been studied in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) reaction. Several parameters, including temperature, catalyst amount, DBT concentration, and reaction time, were evaluated in ODS using the Taguchi Design of Experiments. Catalytic activity order was obtained as Y<Hie‐Y<Hie‐Y/CuO<Hie‐Y/MoO3<Hie‐Y/MoO3/CuO. Results indicate an activity increase for the Hie‐Y/MoO3/CuO hierarchical structure owing to synergistic effects of secondary mesoporosity and metal oxides. The catalyst was recoverable and reused for five consecutive runs with preservation of catalytic activity.
Exploring the Significance of Carbon Quantum Dots and Graphene Quantum Dots in Sarcosine Sensing: A Key Biomarker for Prognosticating Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chaudhari Komal G. , Patil Pravin O. , Nangare Sopan N. , Khan Mujeeb G. , Bari Sanjaykumar B. , Khan Zamir G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLuminescent carbon nanoparticles, such as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), are increasingly utilized for sarcosine detection due to their exceptional water permeability, sustained luminescence, and biocompatibility. Sarcosine as a biomarker holds significance for therapeutic purposes and disease identification. Carbon‐based sensors offer eco‐friendliness, recyclability, and affordability, making them sustainable for sensing applications across various domains. Despite the widespread use of standard sensors for sarcosine measurement, they face limitations. This paper presents a focused review of recent developments in biosensors utilizing luminescent carbon quantum dots and graphene quantum dots for sarcosine detection. Key processes are characterized by their selectivity and sensitivity to different forms of sarcosine and interfering substances like metallic ions and amino acids. The significant reaction mechanisms and detection methods for sarcosine are outlined and compared. Additionally, the challenges in developing functionalized CQDs and GQDs for further investigation are explored. In summary, luminescent carbon nanoparticles offer a promising avenue for sarcosine detection, addressing limitations of standard sensors through their cost‐effectiveness, sensitivity, and rapid response, thus holding potential for diverse sensing applications.
Preparation and Characterization of Sodium Alginate‐Based Hydrogel for Delivery of Hydrophilic Drug Metformin Hydrochloride
Authors: Shrila Manya , Ananya  , Meena Priyanka , Warkar Sudhir G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research delves into the development of a hydrogel based on sodium alginate (Na‐Alg), CMTKG and PSA for the controlled release of Metformin Hydrochloride (Metformin HCl), a commonly used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The hydrogel was synthesized via a free radical mechanism using N, N′‐methylene‐bis(acrylamide) (MBA) as a crosslinker and potassium persulphate (KPS) as an initiator. The hydrogels were analyzed using techniques such as ATR‐FTIR, and SEM. The research also investigated swelling behaviour, drug loading, drug encapsulation efficiency, and release kinetics of Metformin HCl. The finding revealed that the hydrogel exhibited pH‐responsive metformin HCl release, with higher drug release perceived at pH 7.4 compared to pH 1.2. Mathematical models were employed to study the drug release mechanism, indicating diffusion as a mechanism liable for the drug release from the hydrogel. Moreover, the synthesized metformin HCl‐loaded Na‐Alg/PSA/CMTKG hydrogel shows excellent anti‐diabetic activity on α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase enzyme. Henceforth, the formulated hydrogel reveals potential for facilitating the targeted release of Metformin HCl, offering opportunities for improving patient amenability and lessening side effects related to frequent dosing.
Genome‐wide association studies on resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated emmer wheat
Authors: Lhamo Dhondup , Li Genqiao , Song George , Li Xuehui , Sen Taner Z. , Gu Yong‐Qiang , Xu Xiangyang , Xu Steven S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPowdery mildew, caused by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis (DC.) E. O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal (Bgt), is a constant threat to global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Although ∼100 powdery mildew (Pm) resistance genes and alleles have been identified in wheat and its relatives, more is needed to minimize Bgt’s fast evolving virulence. In tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.), wild emmer wheat [T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell.] accessions from Israel have contributed many Pm resistance genes. However, the diverse genetic reservoirs of cultivated emmer wheat [T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell.] have not been fully exploited. In the present study, we evaluated a diverse panel of 174 cultivated emmer accessions for their reaction to Bgt isolate OKS(14)‐B‐3‐1 and found that 66% of accessions, particularly those of Ethiopian (30.5%) and Indian (6.3%) origins, exhibited high resistance. To determine the genetic basis of Bgt resistance in the panel, genome‐wide association studies were performed using 46,383 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genotype‐by‐sequencing and 4331 SNPs from the 9K SNP Infinium array. Twenty‐five significant SNP markers were identified to be associated with Bgt resistance, of which 21 SNPs are likely novel loci, whereas four possibly represent emmer derived Pm4a, Pm5a, PmG16, and Pm64. Most novel loci exhibited minor effects, whereas three novel loci on chromosome arms 2AS, 3BS, and 5AL had major effect on the phenotypic variance. This study demonstrates cultivated emmer as a rich source of powdery mildew resistance, and the resistant accessions and novel loci found herein can be utilized in wheat breeding programs to enhance Bgt resistance in wheat.
Evaluation of Hub‐Height Wind Forecasts Over the New York Bight
Authors: Myers Timothy A. , Van Ormer Allison , Turner David D. , Wilczak James M. , Bianco Laura , Adler Bianca 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAs offshore wind energy development accelerates in the United States, it is important to assess the accuracy of hub‐height wind forecasts from numerical weather prediction models over the ocean. Leveraging approximately 2 years of Doppler lidar observations from buoys in the New York Bight, we evaluate 80‐m wind speed forecasts from two weather models: the High‐Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) atmospheric model and the Global Forecast System (GFS) coupled atmosphere‐ocean model. These models have different horizontal grid spacing, vertical layering, initialization methods, and parameterizations of boundary layer mixing and surface–atmosphere interactions. Despite these differences, the models demonstrate similar and highly skillful short‐term forecasts at three measurement sites. At the Hudson Southwest location that provides a full year of data, their performance is statistically indistinguishable: root mean square error (RMSE) = 2.1 m/s and the Pearson correlation coefficient
for 24‐h forecasts of both models, and RMSE = 2.6 m/s and
0.83 for 48‐h forecasts. Twenty‐four‐hour forecasts also exhibit skill in predicting quiescent winds and winds associated with maximum turbine power. By Day 10, GFS forecasts on average have almost no skill. The short‐term forecast skill by the HRRR and GFS does not strongly depend on season or time of day, yet we find some dependence of the models' performance on near‐surface stability. Additionally, 4‐ to 14‐day forecasts by the GFS exhibit lower RMSE during summer relative to other seasons. The high skill of the HRRR and GFS short‐term forecasts establishes confidence in their utility for offshore wind energy maintenance and operation.
Outcomes of revisional surgery options after inadequate sleeve gastrectomy: A comprehensive network meta‐analysis
Authors: Salman Mohamed AbdAlla , Salman Ahmed , Elewa Ahmed , Elsherbiny Mohammed , Tourkey Mohamed , Chikukuza Stewart , Gadallah Mohamed A. , Ismail Ahmed Abdelaziz , Hussein Ahmed Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the success of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in of weight loss and treatment of the medical problems associated with obesity, some concerns have arisen about the need for revisional surgeries after SG in some patients. This study aimed to present an updated and comprehensive comparison among the presently available revisional surgeries employed explicitly in cases of inadequate outcomes after SG, which is the most frequently performed bariatric surgery in contemporary practice.MethodsThis network meta‐analysis included studies that compared the outcomes of different revisional bariatric procedures after an inadequate outcome of SG.ResultsSearching across the electronic databases yielded 31 eligible articles. Re‐SG was associated with the highest rate of significant complications. Patients treated with single anastomosis duodenal‐ileal bypass (SADI) had a significantly higher percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) than those treated with one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) and Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) at the end of the follow‐up period was significantly higher in patients in the SADI group compared to those in the RYGB group and the OAGB, and re‐SG exhibited the least values compared to SADI, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS), and OAGB. Significantly lower rates of reflux worsening/de novo development were observed in the SADI group compared to the OAGB group and the re‐SG group, which showed significantly higher rates than SADI and RYGB.ConclusionOur comprehensive network meta‐analysis highlights SADI as a promising revisional option post‐SG, demonstrating superior weight loss outcomes, lower significant complication rates, and a favorable impact on reflux compared to other procedures. While acknowledging the limitations of our study, these findings support the potential efficacy of SADI in addressing the challenges of inadequate weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy.
Direct Laser Synthesis of Fe2O3 Modified TiO2
Authors: Lennikov V. V. , Gómez‐Herrero A. , Angurel L. A. , de la Fuente G. F. , Otero‐Díaz L. C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA very fast, selective CO2 laser line scan direct synthesis method is presented and has been applied here to study phase and defect formation within an irradiated mixture of powdered oxides, as a proof‐of‐principle. A nominal composition interval of 0<x<0.03 was conveniently chosen for the TiO2+xFe2O3 system herein reported. X‐ray diffraction analyses were used to determine the main crystalline phase composition. Thus, for 3 % mol. Fe2O3, pseudobrookite crystals were found to coexist with rutile‐type MO2‐δ (M=Ti, Fe) with extended defects. These are composed mainly of (121)r and (132)r crystallographic shear planes (CSP‘s), where r subindex refers to the rutile subcell. For samples with a lower Fe2O3 content (2, 1, 0.5 % mol) only iron‐doped rutile phases were observed, with complex microstructure arising from the presence of multi‐twinned (011)r and (110)r crystals and isolated and/or ordered CSP‘s at short length scale. The diverse microstructures observed in the CO2 laser produced samples correlate with the conditions imposed during the laser treatment, which include intrinsically high solidification rates and steep temperature gradients.
Consistently Combined Earth Orientation Parameters at BKG—Extended by New VLBI Intensives Data
Authors: Klemm Lisa , Thaller Daniela , Flohrer Claudia , Walenta Anastasiia , Ullrich Dieter , Hellmers Hendrik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Earth Orientation Parameters (EOPs) describe the rotation between the Terrestrial Reference Frame and the Celestial Reference Frame and represent an essential component of the Global Geodetic Reference Frame. This study presents the current activities of BKG in the area of combined processing of GNSS and VLBI data in one common adjustment with the main objective to generate a consistent combined EOP time series. In earlier studies, we have investigated different combination approaches using VLBI and GNSS data. We generate EOP series with latencies of about one to 14 days, depending on the input data we used. In this way, a significant improvement in accuracy compared to the individual technique-specific solutions was achieved, especially for the highly variable component dUT1. The combination process starts at the level of normal equations using an EOP parameterization with piece-wise linear offsets and a temporal resolution of one day. Our main objective is to generate a continuous, daily and regular EOP product with the shortest possible latency. The requirement for achieving these characteristics is the daily and rapid availability of the input data. In particular, the VLBI Intensive (INT) sessions play an important role in the precise and rapid estimation of the UT1-UTC component. Since 2020, an increasing number of VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) INT campaigns has been conducted in addition to the legacy S/X INT sessions. The VGOS network is under continuous extension and the accuracy and latency of the VGOS INT sessions are at least at the level of the legacy S/X sessions. Therefore, an inclusion of the VGOS INT data is beneficial for rapid EOP estimation. The integration of the VGOS data into the combination process results in a constant slight decrease of the Weighted Root Mean Square (WRMS) level of the UT1-UTC residuals in comparison to the external EOP series. The growing number of available INT sessions with independent networks, up to four per day, increases the continuity and reliability of the combined EOP solution.
The Rohingya Crisis: Background on Myanmar, the Current Conflict, and Relevant Actors
Authors: Salehin Mohammad Musfequs 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe chapter delves into the history behind the Rohingya crisis, tracing its roots beyond the events of 2017. Although the Myanmar government established the year 1824 as the cut-off date for citizenship, historical evidence suggests that the term ‘Rohingya’ was used prior to this period, indicating the longstanding presence of this Muslim minority group in the region. Furthermore, the chapter sheds light on the multifaceted nature of the crisis, involving actors such as the state, the military, Buddhist monks, and the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA). Of particular significance is the unlikely alliance formed between ultranationalist Buddhists and the military, who were once adversaries but joined forces against the Rohingya population, leading to intensified violence and displacement. This historical context provides crucial insights into the complexities and underlying factors driving the ongoing Rohingya crisis.
Gendered and Racialised Vulnerabilities and Violence Against the Rohingya in Myanmar
Authors: Salehin Mohammad Musfequs 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents gender differentiated forms of direct, structural, cultural and symbolic violence experienced by the Rohingya while they were in Myanmar. The documented atrocities, committed mainly by the Myanmar military, have placed the Rohingya in a state of ongoing discrimination and oppression. Within Myanmar, Rohingya women face a dual burden: enduring physical violence and mental anguish from military and societal forces, compounded by the patriarchal structure within their own community. Structural violence, such as educational discrimination, pervasive poverty, and lack of access to social and community life have affected Rohingya women, men, and children differently. A gendered narrative of threat portrays Rohingya women as ugly and reproductive dangers to Buddhism, while Rohingya men are framed as threats to nationalism and Buddhism. These religious and cultural narratives have served to justify ‘othering’ and various forms of violence by the Myanmar military.
Conclusion
Authors: Salehin Mohammad Musfequs 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Rohingya have experienced different forms of violence at different times and in different spaces. This chapter presents the summary of the book and explains the gender-differentiated forms of direct, structural, cultural, and symbolic violence experienced by the Rohingya in Myanmar and the camps in Bangladesh. At the end of this chapter, some recommendations are made to reduce gendered violence and vulnerabilities in the camps, such as introducing camp-based income-generating activities, strengthening refugee-led organisations, re-designing the Majhi system to include women, appointing women officials at the top level of refugee governance, and introducing ‘mobile courts’ in the camps to ensure gender justice.
Comprehensible AI for Multimodal State Detection
Authors: Foltyn Andreas , Oppelt Maximilian P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAffective computing enables computers to recognize and respond to human emotions and cognitive states using multimodal state recognition. This chapter explores cognitive load estimation through a machine learning life cycle, addressing data collection and preparation, modeling, and deployment challenges. Experiments demonstrate effective unimodal and fusion models for predicting cognitive load. Applications in gaming, healthcare, and driver monitoring have been discussed, providing valuable insights for researchers in this field
The (in)coherence of European Teacher Education: A Comparative Mapping of Policies at National and Institutional Levels
Authors: Symeonidis Vasileios , Hellmann Katharina , Laux Michelle 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the past twenty years, the quality of teacher education has received growing attention in Europe with national governments seeking to reform their teacher education systems with the objective of improving students’ learning outcomes. A central aspect of such reform efforts is the improvement of coherence of teacher education in terms of interlinking phases, actors, contents of teacher education, and professional knowledge domains. The aim of this chapter is to map contemporary policies related to coherence across teacher education systems of different European countries in order to identify convergences and divergences. The study was developed in the context of an EU funded project that involves seven universities from five countries. Data were gathered via two qualitative questionnaires focusing on aspects of governance across the continuum of teacher education and the organisation of initial teacher education (ITE) programmes at universities. Findings reveal an incoherence within and across teacher education systems, particularly regarding the continuum of teacher education. Although the structure and duration of ITE proves coherent, the distribution of knowledge domains and contents differs significantly among countries.
Das Mainzer Institut für Europäische Geschichte: eine Gründung zur Erneuerung der Historikerbeziehungen «nach der Katastrophe»?
Authors: Defrance Corine 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Leibniz-Institut für Europäische Geschichte in Mainz feierte im Herbst 2020 seinen 70. Jahrestag. Es wurde als außeruniversitäre Forschungsinstitution unter dem Namen „Institut für Europäische Geschichte“ (IEG) gegründet, am 13. November 1950 eröffnet und am 19. April 1951 eingeweiht. Ab 1953 fand es seine definitive Niederlassung im historischen Gebäude des ehemaligen Domus Universitatis im Mainzer Stadtzentrum. Dieser Beitrag fokussiert sich auf die Gründungsjahre auf der Basis von deutschem und französischem Archivmaterial und bietet Einblicke in die folgenden Jahrzehnte. Für die Online-Ausstellung, 2020 konzipiert und kuratiert von Joachim Berger, dem wissenschaftlichen Koordinator des Instituts, wurden am IEG sämtliche Recherchen unternommen und Interviews geführt (Berger. 2020. Vom Kalten Krieg zum europäischen Umbruch. Das Institut für Europäische Geschichte 1950–1990. Eine Ausstellung des Leibniz-Instituts für Europäische Geschichte (IEG), Mainz). In diesem Artikel wird versucht, Antworten auf die folgenden Fragen zu geben: Was waren die ursprünglichen Ziele des IEG und inwieweit hat der historische Kontext die spezifischen Strukturen des außeruniversitären Instituts beeinflusst? Wie hat sich die Forschung über die „Europäische Geschichte“ am IEG während und nach dem Kalten Krieg entwickelt und wie hat die Struktur des Instituts diese Entwicklungen beeinflusst?
Wandel und Erneuerung der Großforschung. Historisch-soziologischer Vergleich der Transformation zweier Forschungszentren der experimentellen Teilchenphysik
Authors: Heinze Thomas 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag vergleicht zwei Großforschungseinrichtungen, die als Einrichtungen der Teilchenphysik gegründet wurden, aber ihre ursprüngliche Forschungsmission und ihre Großgeräte vollständig auf die multidisziplinäre Photonenforschung umorientierten. Trotz einiger Gemeinsamkeiten unterscheiden sich beide Zentren sehr deutlich im Hinblick auf die Geschwindigkeit ihrer Transformation sowie die Forschungserfolge. Auf der Basis theoretischer Überlegungen wird ihr Verhältnis zur institutionellen Umwelt analysiert: (1) Zugang zu institutionellen Unternehmern; (2) organisationaler Status der Photonenforschung; (3) Rolle externer Finanzierungsquellen bei der Förderung und Konsolidierung der Photonenforschung; (4) Möglichkeit, sich im Rahmen von Personalfluktuation inhaltlich zu erneuern. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Diskussion zu forschungspolitischen Empfehlungen.
Die Europäische Synchrotronstrahlungsquelle (ESRF): Organisatorische Erneuerungsfähigkeit am Beispiel der Strukturbiologie
Authors: Cramer Katharina C. 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDas folgende Kapitel widmet sich der Entwicklung strukturbiologischer Forschung an der ESRF in den 1990er und 2000er Jahren als Beispiel organisatorischer Erneuerungsfähigkeit. Konkret lässt sich organisatorische Erneuerungsfähigkeit an der ESRF anhand der Spezialisierung der Gutachter:innenausschüsse, der Implementierung neuer Prozesse zur Verteilung von Strahlzeit im Bereich strukturbiologischer Forschung (block allocation), der Realisierung eines neuen Strahllinienkomplexes (ID23) sowie an strategischen Kooperationen (strukturbiologische Partnerschaft) beobachten. Dieses Kapitel versteht sich in erster Linie als beschreibender und empirischer Beitrag. Es soll zum tiefergehenden Verständnis des Verhältnisses von Organisationsform und Erkenntnisinteresse an wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen beitragen und zeigt am Beispiel der ESRF, dass der Wandel von Methoden und Instrumenten hier in einem engen Verhältnis zu dem Aufkommen neuer Forschungsgebiete und thematischer Priorisierungen steht.