bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemoenzymatic Asymmetric Synthesis of Serotonin Receptor Agonist (R)‐Frovatriptan
Authors: Busto Eduardo , Martínez‐Montero Lía , Gotor Vicente , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA simple chemoenzymatic asymmetric route has been developed for the production of antimigraine agent (R)‐Frovatriptan. Lipases and oxidoreductases have been identified as ideal biocatalysts for the production of enantiopure adequate synthetic intermediates under safe and environmentally friendly conditions. (S)‐3‐Hydroxy‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐carbazole‐6‐carbonitrile, an optimal building block for the synthesis of the drug, has been efficiently prepared through Candida antarctica lipase type B catalyzed acylation of its corresponding racemic mixture or alcohol dehydrogenase A mediated bioreduction of the corresponding ketone. The inversion of the chiral center has been identified as a key step, optimizing the process to avoid partial racemization. Finally, amine functionalization and nitrile hydrolysis have allowed the production of (R)‐Frovatriptan in enantiomerically pure form.
A Detailed Study of the (Electro)chemical Behavior of Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Based Ionic Liquids at Different Purification Steps
Authors: Merli Daniele , Protti Stefano , Petracca Paola , Fagnoni Maurizio , Profumo Antonella 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA systematic investigation of the major impurities content as well as of their effect on the electrochemical behavior of synthesized N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium (Py1.4), N‐(2‐methoxyethyl)‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium (Py1.102) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (bmim) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide has been carried out and the efficacy of an optimized multistep purification protocol for obtaining ILs suitable for electrochemical applications has been verified.
Code‐expanded radio access protocol for machine‐to‐machine communications
Authors: Thomsen Henning , Pratas Nuno K. , Stefanović Čedomir , Popovski Petar 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe random access methods used for support of machine‐to‐machine, also referred to as Machine‐Type Communications, in current cellular standards are derivatives of traditional framed slotted ALOHA and therefore do not support high user loads efficiently. We propose an approach that is motivated by the random access method employed in LTE, which significantly increases the amount of contention resources without increasing the system resources, such as contention subframes and preambles. This is accomplished by a logical, rather than physical, extension of the access method in which the available system resources are interpreted in a novel manner. Specifically, in the proposed scheme, users perform random access by transmitting orthogonal preambles in multiple random access subframes, in this way creating access codewords that are used for contention. We show that, for the same number of random access subframes and orthogonal preambles, the amount of available contention resources is drastically increased, enabling the massive support of Machine‐Type Communication users that is beyond the reach of current systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE EFFECTS OF HEALTH STATUS AND HEALTH SHOCKS ON HOURS WORKED
Authors: Cai Lixin , Mavromaras Kostas , Oguzoglu Umut 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe investigate the impact of health on working hours. This is in recognition of the fact that leaving the labour market because of persistently low levels of health status, or because of new health shocks, is only one of the possible responses open to employees. We use the first six waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey to estimate the joint effect of health status and health shocks on working hours. To account for zero working hours, we use a dynamic random effects Tobit model of working hours. We follow Heckman (1981) and approximate the unknown initial conditions with a static equation that utilises information from the first wave of the data. Predicted individual health status is used to ameliorate the possible effects of measurement error and endogeneity. We conclude that overall, lower health status results in fewer working hours and that when they occur, health shocks lead to further reductions in working hours. Estimation results show that the model performs well in separating the time‐persistent effect of health status and the potentially more transient health shocks on working hours. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of microbial resistant thermosensitive Ag nanocomposite (gelatin) hydrogels via green process
Authors: Manjula Bandla , Varaprasad Kokkarachedu , Sadiku Rotimi , Ramam Koduri , Reddy G. Venkata Subba , Raju Konduru Mohana 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this investigation, an ecofriendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using biodegradable gelatin as a stabilizing agent is reported. Here, we prepared thermosensitive silver nanocomposite hydrogels composed of gelatin and N‐isopropylacrylamide. In this green process AgNPs were formed from Ag+ ions and reduced with leaf [Azadirachta indica (neem leaf)] extracts, resulting in a hydrogel network. The Ag0 nanoparticles affect the hydrogel strength and improved the biological activity (inactivation effect of bacteria) of the biodegradable hydrogels. The resulted hydrogel structure, morphology, thermal, swelling behavior, degradation, and antibacterial properties were systematically investigated. The biodegradable thermosensitive silver nanocomposite hydrogels developed were tested for antibacterial activities. The results indicate that these biodegradable silver nanocomposite hydrogels are suitable potential candidates for antibacterial applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 928–934, 2014.
Comparison of cell‐loading methods in hydrogel systems
Authors: Ma Jinling , Yang Fang , Both Sanne K. , Kersten‐Niessen Monique , Bongio Matilde , Pan Juli , Cui Fu‐Zhai , Kasper F. Kurtis , Mikos Antonios G. , Jansen John A. , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBone regenerative medicine, based on the combined use of cells and scaffolds, represents a promising strategy in bone regeneration. Hydrogels have attracted huge interests for application as a scaffold for minimally invasive surgery. Collagen and oligo(poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate) (OPF) hydrogels are the representatives of two main categories of hydrogels, that is, natural‐ and synthetic‐based hydrogels. With these the optimal cell‐loading (i.e., cell distribution inside the hydrogels) method was assessed. The cell behavior of both bone marrow‐ and adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐ and AT‐MSCs) in three loading methods, which are dispersed (i.e., homogeneous cell encapsulation, D), sandwich (i.e., cells located in between two hydrogel layers, S), and spheroid (i.e., cell pellets encapsulation, Sp) loading in two hydrogel systems (i.e., collagen and OPF), was compared. The results suggested that the cell behavior was influenced by the hydrogel type, meaning cells cultured in collagen hydrogels had higher proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacity than in OPF hydrogels. In addition, AT‐MSCs exhibited higher proliferation and osteogenic properties compared to BM‐MSCs. However, no difference was observed for mineralization among the three loading methods, which did not approve the hypothesis that S and Sp loading would increase osteogenic capacity compared to D loading. In conclusion, D and Sp loading represents two promising cell loading methods for injectable bone substitute materials that allow application of minimally invasive surgery for cell‐based regenerative treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 935–946, 2014.
Comparison of three hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalcium phosphate/collagen ceramic scaffolds: Anin vivostudy
Authors: Maté‐Sánchez de Val José Eduardo , Mazón Patricia , Calvo‐Guirado José Luis , Ruiz Rafael Arcesio Delgado , Ramírez Fernández María Piedad , Negri Bruno , Abboud Marcus , De Aza Piedad N. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCalcium–phosphate ceramics, which have a composition similar to bone mineral, represent a potentially interesting synthetic bone graft substitute. In the present study, three porous hydroxyapatite (HA)/β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP)/collagen ceramic scaffolds were developed, characterized, and tested for their bone repairing capacity and osteoinductive potential in a New Zealand Rabbit model. The ratio of the ceramic components HA/‐TCP/collagen varied from 40/30/30 to 50/20/30 and 60/20/20 (in wt %), respectively. None of the ceramic scaffolds succeeded in completely bridging the 6 mm calvarian defect with new bone after 60 days implantation. 60/20/20 ceramic scaffolds showed significantly more bone formation in the pores and in the periphery of the graft than the other two materials. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the 40/30/30 scaffold produced best bone‐to‐implant contact (67.23 ± 0.34% with higher quality, closer contact) in comparison with 50/20/30 (54.87 ± 0.32%), and 60/20/20 (48.53 ± 0.31%). Both physicochemical and structural properties of the ceramic composites affected theirin vivobehavior, either dependently or independently, emphasizing the importance of assessing bone repair parameters individually. The scaffolds may offer clinical applications in reconstructive surgery for treating bone pathologies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1037–1046, 2014.
In vitro biological and mechanical evaluation of various scaffold materials for myocardial tissue engineering
Authors: Herrmann Florian E. M. , Lehner Anja , Hollweck Trixi , Haas Ulrike , Fano Cornelia , Fehrenbach David , Kozlik‐Feldmann Rainer , Wintermantel Erich , Eissner Gunther , Hagl Christian , Akra Bassil 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA cardiac patch is a construct devised in regenerative medicine to replace necrotic heart tissue after myocardial infarctions. The cardiac patch consists of a scaffold seeded with stem cells. To identify the best scaffold for cardiac patch construction we compared polyurethane, Collagen Cell Carriers, ePTFE, and ePTFE SSP1‐RGD regarding their receptiveness to seeding with mesenchymal stem cells isolated from umbilical cord tissue. Seeding was tested at an array of cell seeding densities. The bioartificial patches were cultured for up to 35 days and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, microscopy of histological stains, fluorescence microscopy, and mitochondrial assays. Polyurethane was the only biomaterial which resulted in an organized multilayer (seeding density: 0.750 × 106 cells/cm2). Cultured over 35 days at this seeding density the mitochondrial activity of the cells on polyurethane patches continually increased. There was no decrease in the E Modulus of polyurethane once seeded with cells. Seeding of CCC could only be realized at a low seeding density and both ePTFE and ePTFE SSP1‐RGD were found to be unreceptive to seeding. Of the tested scaffolds polyurethane thus crystallized as the most appropriate for seeding with mesenchymal stem cells in the framework of myocardial tissue engineering. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 958–966, 2014.
Sustained delivery of bioactive TGF‐β1 from self‐assembling peptide hydrogels induces chondrogenesis of encapsulated bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Kopesky Paul W. , Byun Sangwon , Vanderploeg Eric J. , Kisiday John D. , Frisbie David D. , Grodzinsky Alan J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTissue engineering strategies for cartilage defect repair require technology for local targeted delivery of chondrogenic and anti‐inflammatory factors. The objective of this study was to determine the release kinetics of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) from self‐assembling peptide hydrogels, a candidate scaffold for cell transplant therapies, and stimulate chondrogenesis of encapsulated young equine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Although both peptide and agarose hydrogels retained TGF‐β1, fivefold higher retention was found in peptide. Excess unlabeled TGF‐β1 minimally displaced retained radiolabeled TGF‐β1, demonstrating biologically relevant loading capacity for peptide hydrogels. The initial release from acellular peptide hydrogels was nearly threefold lower than agarose hydrogels, at 18% of loaded TGF‐β1 through 3 days as compared to 48% for agarose. At day 21, cumulative release of TGF‐β1 was 32–44% from acellular peptide hydrogels, but was 62% from peptide hydrogels with encapsulated BMSCs, likely due to cell‐mediated TGF‐β1 degradation and release of small labeled species. TGF‐β1 loaded peptide hydrogels stimulated chondrogenesis of young equine BMSCs, a relevant preclinical model for treating injuries in young human cohorts. Self‐assembling peptide hydrogels can be used to deliver chondrogenic factors to encapsulated cells making them a promising technology for in vivo, cell‐based regenerative medicine. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1275–1285, 2014.
Bed thickness distributions on Mars: An orbital perspective
Authors: Stack K. M. , Grotzinger J. P. , Milliken R. E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractStudies on Earth show that sedimentary bed thickness and bed thickness distributions record information about the processes controlling sediment deposition. High‐resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) such as those derived from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) now provide the opportunity to quantify bed thickness properties on Mars over several orders of magnitude, down to the submeter scale. This study uses HiRISE DTMs and visible images to measure bed thickness distributions at 10 deposits on Mars, with the aim of determining whether statistical techniques can provide useful criteria for distinguishing sedimentary depositional processes. Basic statistics, including mean thickness and range, are examined, as are histograms, cumulative frequency plots, and log‐log plots. Statistical tests interrogate these deposits for thinning or thickening upward trends and the presence of normal, lognormal, and exponential distributions. Although there are challenges associated with these methods, the statistical analysis of bed thickness, coupled with morphological and mineralogical interpretations, has the potential to be a powerful tool for characterizing and classifying sedimentary rocks on Mars. In particular, bed thickness statistics are particularly well suited for examining changes in sediment supply and accommodation within Martian sedimentary sequences.
Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project I: Antarctica
Authors: Nowicki Sophie , Bindschadler Robert A. , Abe‐Ouchi Ayako , Aschwanden Andy , Bueler Ed , Choi Hyeungu , Fastook Jim , Granzow Glen , Greve Ralf , Gutowski Gail , Herzfeld Ute , Jackson Charles , Johnson Jesse , Khroulev Constantine , Larour Eric , Levermann Anders , Lipscomb William H. , Martin Maria A. , Morlighem Mathieu , Parizek Byron R. , Pollard David , Price Stephen F. , Ren Diandong , Rignot Eric , Saito Fuyuki , Sato Tatsuru , Seddik Hakime , Seroussi Helene , Takahashi Kunio , Walker Ryan , Wang Wei Li 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAtmospheric, oceanic, and subglacial forcing scenarios from the Sea‐level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution (SeaRISE) project are applied to six three‐dimensional thermomechanical ice‐sheet models to assess Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity over a 500 year timescale and to inform future modeling and field studies. Results indicate (i) growth with warming, except within low‐latitude basins (where inland thickening is outpaced by marginal thinning); (ii) mass loss with enhanced sliding (with basins dominated by high driving stresses affected more than basins with low‐surface‐slope streaming ice); and (iii) mass loss with enhanced ice shelf melting (with changes in West Antarctica dominating the signal due to its marine setting and extensive ice shelves; cf. minimal impact in the Terre Adelie, George V, Oates, and Victoria Land region of East Antarctica). Ice loss due to dynamic changes associated with enhanced sliding and/or sub‐shelf melting exceeds the gain due to increased precipitation. Furthermore, differences in results between and within basins as well as the controlling impact of sub‐shelf melting on ice dynamics highlight the need for improved understanding of basal conditions, grounding‐zone processes, ocean‐ice interactions, and the numerical representation of all three.
Field‐quantified responses of tropical rainforest aboveground productivity to increasing CO2 and climatic stress, 1997–2009
Authors: Clark Deborah A. , Clark David B. , Oberbauer Steven F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA directional change in tropical‐forest productivity, a large component in the global carbon budget, would affect the rate of increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]). One current hypothesis is that “CO2 fertilization” has been increasing tropical forest productivity. Some lines of evidence instead suggest climate‐driven productivity declines. Relevant direct field observations remain extremely limited for this biome. Using a unique long‐term record of annual field measurements, we assessed annual aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and its relation to climatic factors and [CO2] in a neotropical rainforest through 1997–2009. Over this 12 year period, annual productivity did not increase, as would be expected with a dominant CO2 fertilization effect. Instead, the negative responses of ANPP components to climatic stress far exceeded the small positive responses associated with increasing [CO2]. Annual aboveground biomass production was well explained (73%) by the independent negative effects of increasing minimum temperatures and greater dry‐season water stress. The long‐term records enable a first field‐based estimate of the [CO2] response of tropical forest ANPP: 5.24 g m−2 yr−1 yr−1 (the summed [CO2]‐associated increases in two of the four production components; the largest component, leaf litterfall, showed no [CO2] association). If confirmed by longer data series, such a small response from a fertile tropical rainforest would indicate that current global models overestimate the benefits from CO2 fertilization for this biome, where most forests' poorer nutrient status more strongly constrains productivity responses to increasing [CO2]. Given the rapidly intensifying warming across tropical regions, tropical forest productivity could sharply decline through coming decades.
Smad3 binds scleraxis and mohawk and regulates tendon matrix organization
Authors: Berthet Ellora , Chen Carol , Butcher Kristin , Schneider Richard A. , Alliston Tamara , Amirtharajah Mohana 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTGFβ plays a critical role in tendon formation and healing. While its downstream effector Smad3 has been implicated in the healing process, little is known about the role of Smad3 in normal tendon development or tenocyte gene expression. Using mice deficient in Smad3 (Smad3−/−), we show that Smad3 ablation disrupts tendon architecture and has a dramatic impact on normal gene and protein expression during development as well as in mature tendon. In developing and adult tendon, loss of Smad3 results in reduced protein expression of the matrix components Collagen 1 and Tenascin‐C. Additionally, when compared to wild type, tendon from adult Smad3−/− mice shows a down regulation of key tendon marker genes. Finally, we have established that Smad3 has the ability to physically interact with the critical transcriptional regulators Scleraxis and Mohawk. Together these results indicate a central role for Smad3 in normal tendon formation and in the maintenance of mature tendon. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1475–1483, 2013
Chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradability of fresh and ensiled amaranth forage
Authors: Seguin Philippe , Mustafa Arif F , Donnelly Danielle J , Gélinas Bruce 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmaranth is a crop with potential as a source of forage for ruminants that has not been well characterized. A study was conducted to determine the impact of ensiling on the nutritional quality and ruminal degradability of forage from two amaranth cultivars adapted to North America (i.e. Plainsman and D136). In particular, quantification and some microscopic characterization of oxalate found in amaranth were performed as it is an antiquality compound of concern.RESULTSThere were limited interactions between cultivars and ensiling for most variables. Differences in chemical composition between amaranth cultivars were also limited. Ensiling reduced non‐structural carbohydrate and true protein contents. The proportion of acid detergent protein was high in fresh and ensiled forages of both cultivars (average of 177 g kg−1 crude protein). Total oxalate content averaged 30 and 25 g kg‐1 in fresh and ensiled forages respectively. Ensiling reduced soluble oxalate content. Crystals observed in amaranth were calcium oxalate druses found mostly in idioblast cells in leaf mesophyll and parenchyma of primary and secondary veins. In situ ruminal degradability data indicated that both fresh and ensiled amaranth are highly degradable in the rumen.CONCLUSIONThis study confirms that amaranth is a suitable forage for ruminant animals. Its chemical composition is comparable, for most variables, to that of other commonly used forage species. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Descriptive sensory analysis of Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Modena DOP and Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Reggio Emilia DOP
Authors: Zeppa Giuseppe , Gambigliani Zoccoli Mario , Nasi Enrico , Masini Giovanni , Meglioli Giuseppe , Zappino Matteo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAceto Balsamico Tradizionale (ABT) is a typical Italian vinegar available in two different forms: Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Modena DOP (ABTM) and Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Reggio Emilia DOP (ABTRE). ABT is obtained by alcoholic fermentation and acetic bio‐oxidation of cooked grape must and aged at least 12 years in wooden casks and is known and sold around the world. Despite this widespread recognition, data on sensory characteristics of these products are very scarce. Therefore a descriptive analysis was conducted to define a lexicon for the ABT sensory profile and to create a simple, stable and reproducible synthetic ABT for training panellists.RESULTSA lexicon of 20 sensory parameters was defined and validated and a synthetic ABT was prepared as standard reference. Simple standards for panellist training were also defined and the sensory profiles of ABTM and ABTRE were obtained.CONCLUSIONThe obtained results confirm that descriptive analysis can be used for the sensory characterisation of ABT and that the sensory profiles of ABTM and ABTRE are very different. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that a lexicon and proper standard references are essential for describing the sensory qualities of ABT both for technical purposes and to protect the product from commercial fraud. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Direct Electrospinning of Cellulose–Chitosan Composite Nanofiber
Authors: Devarayan Kesavan , Hanaoka Hirokatsu , Hachisu Masakazu , Araki Jun , Ohguchi Masakatsu , Behera Bijoya Kumar , Ohkawa Kousaku 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe direct electrospinning of a non‐derivatized cellulose (Cs)–chitosan (Ch) composite nanofiber is described for the first time. Either of two cellulose preparations from different sources, i.e., cotton (CsC) or bamboo (CsB), is fabricated into composite electrospun non‐woven fabrics (ESNWs) with Ch using the trifluoroacetic acid–acetic acid mixed solvent. The total concentration of Cs + Ch in the mixed solvent is fixed at 4.0 wt.‐% with various Cs/Ch weight ratios of 8:2, 5:5 (Figure shows CsB/Ch‐ESNW), and 2:8, which are fabricated into fine fibers in the Cs/Ch‐ESNWs having average diameters mostly <100 nm. The treatment of the composite fibers with an alkaline–alcohol solution produces the water‐resistant ESNWs, which can retain their fine fibrous network in aqueous environments.