bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inadequate ‘three-point’ proximal fixation predicts failure of the Gamma nail
Authors: Abram S. G. F. , Pollard T. C. B. , Andrade A. J. M. D. 
Published: May 2013

The Gamma nail is frequently used in unstable peri-trochanteric hip fractures. We hypothesised that mechanical failure of the Gamma nail was associated with inadequate proximal three-point fixation. We identified a consecutive series of 299 Gamma nails implanted in 299 patients over a five-year period, 223 of whom fulfilled our inclusion criteria for investigation. The series included 61 men and 162 women with a mean age of 81 years (20 to 101). Their fractures were classified according to the Modified Evans’ classification and the quality of fracture reduction was graded. The technical adequacy of three points of proximal fixation was recorded from intra-operative fluoroscopic images, and technical inadequacy for each point was defined. All patients were followed to final follow-up and mechanical failures were identified. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed, adjusting for confounders. A total of 16 failures (7.2%) were identified. The position of the lag screw relative to the lateral cortex was the most important point of proximal fixation, and when inadequate the failure rate was 25.8% (eight of 31: odds ratio 7.5 (95% confidence interval 2.5 to 22.7), p < 0.001). Mechanical failure of the Gamma nail in peri-trochanteric femoral fractures is rare (< 1%) when three-point proximal fixation is achieved. However, when proximal fixation is inadequate, failure rates increase. The strongest predictor of failure is positioning the lateral end of the lag screw short of the lateral cortex. Adherence to simple technical points minimises the risk of fixation failure in this vulnerable patient group. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:825–30.
Tretinoin Confused with Isotretinoin; Death from Intravenous Nimodipine; Incorrect Medication Names Selected during Order Entry; Reduce Ambien Dose in Order Sets; Confusion between Levothyroxine and Liothyronine
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: May 2013

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Hidden Sources of Grapefruit in Beverages: Potential Interactions with Immunosuppressant Medications
Authors: Auten Ashley A. , Beauchamp Lauren N. , Joshua Taylor  , Hardinger Karen L. 
Published: May 2013

Purpose The interaction between grapefruit-containing beverages and immunosuppressants is not well defined in the literature. This study was conducted to investigate possible sources of grapefruit juice or grapefruit extract in common US-manufactured beverages. The goal was to identify those products that might serve as hidden sources of dietary grapefruit intake, increasing a transplant patient's risk for drug interactions. Methods A careful review of the ingredients of the 3 largest US beverage manufacturer's product lines was conducted through manufacturer correspondence, product labeling examination, and online nutrition database research. Focus was placed on citrus-flavored soft drinks, teas, and juice products and their impact on a patient's immunosuppressant regimens. Results Twenty-three beverages were identified that contained grapefruit. Five did not contain the word “grapefruit” in the product name. In addition to the confirmed grapefruit-containing products, 17 products were identified as possibly containing grapefruit juice or grapefruit extract. Conclusion A greater emphasis should be placed upon properly educating patients regarding hidden sources of grapefruit in popular US beverages and the potential for food-drug interactions.
The Incentive Effect of Equalization Grants on Tax Collection
Authors: Rodríguez Javiera Bravo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Equalization grants that are inversely related to collected revenue increase the marginal cost of collecting because they tax the collection itself. The main finding is evidence for Chilean municipalities that equalization grants have this incentive effect on local revenue. In order to identify this effect, we exploit that today’s collected revenue could affect grants received 2, 3, or 4 years later, as determined by the equalization grant’gs distribution formula. This formula has undergone changes in the 1990-2006 period. We find a negative relationship between the equalization grant’s implicit tax and collected local revenue, and this effect is greater when the period of time between collection and the corresponding distribution of grants is shorter and when the political coalition to which the incumbent mayor belongs has a high likelihood of winning the next election and therefore paying this implicit tax in the coming years.
Productive argument selection: Is lexical semantics enough?
Authors: Zeldes Amir 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the ability of lexical semantic classes to predict the behavior of argument structures in productively selecting novel lexical material. It will be argued that while lexical semantic classes can explain a great deal about the spectrum of potential arguments and resulting entailments for those arguments, constructions which are synonymous from a formal semantic perspective exhibit significant differences in their empirically observed propensity for argument realization. Using corpus data and methods from Baayen's morphological productivity paradigm, I will show that such differences are not restricted to lexicalized, collocational preferences, but also extend to the readiness with which different constructions admit novel arguments.
An update on the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)
Authors: Molnár Ferdinand , Küblbeck Jenni , Jyrkkärinne Johanna , Prantner Viktória , Honkakoski Paavo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR; NR1I3) has emerged as one of the main drug- and xenobiotic-sensitive transcriptional regulators. It has a major effect on the expression of several oxidative and conjugative enzymes and transporters, and hence, CAR can contribute to drug/drug interactions. Novel functions for CAR are also emerging: it is able to modulate the metabolic fate of glucose, lipids, and bile acids, and it is also involved in cell-cell communication, regulation of the cell cycle, and chemical carcinogenesis. Here, we will review the recent information available on CAR and its target gene expression, its interactions with partner proteins and mechanisms of action, interindividual and species variation, and current advances in CAR ligand selectivity and methods used in interrogation of its ligands.
Better Quality of Care or Healthier Patients? Hospital Utilization by Medicare Advantage and Fee-for-Service Enrollees
Authors: Nicholas Lauren Hersch 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Do differences in rates of use among managed care and Fee-for-Service Medicare beneficiaries reflect selection bias or successful care management by insurers? I demonstrate a new method to estimate the treatment effect of insurance status on health care utilization. Using clinical information and risk-adjustment techniques on data on acute admission that are unrelated to recent medical care, I create a proxy measure of unobserved health status. I find that positive selection accounts for between one-quarter and one-third of the risk-adjusted differences in rates of hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions and elective procedures among Medicare managed care and Fee-for-Service enrollees in 7 years of Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases from Arizona, Florida, New Jersey and New York matched to Medicare enrollment data. Beyond selection effects, I find that managed care plans reduce rates of potentially preventable hospitalizations by 12.5 per 1000 enrollees (compared to mean of 46 per 1000) and reduce annual rates of elective admissions by 4 per 1000 enrollees (mean 18.6 per 1000).
BV functions in a Gelfand triple
for differentiable measure and its applications
Authors: Röckner Michael , Zhu Rongchan , Zhu Xiangchan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a definition of BV functions for (non-Gaussian) differentiable measure in a Gelfand triple which is an extension of the definition of BV functions in [Ann. Probab. 40 (2012), 1759–1794], using Dirichlet form theory. By this definition, we can analyze the reflected stochastic quantization problem associated with a self-adjoint operator A and a cylindrical Wiener process on a convex set Γ in a Banach space E. We prove the existence of a martingale solution of this problem if Γ is a regular convex set.
The natural pseudo-distance as a
quotient pseudo-metric, and applications
Authors: Cagliari Francesca , Di Fabio Barbara , Landi Claudia 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The natural pseudo-distance is a similarity measure conceived for
the purpose of comparing shapes. In this paper we revisit this
pseudo-metric from the point of view of quotients. In particular,
we show that the natural pseudo-distance coincides with the
quotient pseudo-metric on the space of continuous functions on a
compact manifold, endowed with the uniform convergence metric,
modulo self-homeomorphisms of the manifold. As applications of
this result, the natural pseudo-distance is shown to be actually a
metric on a number of function subspaces such as the space of
topological embeddings, of isometries, and of simple Morse
functions on surfaces.
Modification of hemicelluloses with polycarboxylic acids
Authors: Zoldners Juris , Kiseleva Tatiana 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Polycarboxylic acids (PCAs) aroused interest as crosslinking agents for natural polymers, such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, and hemicelluloses (HC), for improving their water resistance and imparting them new properties. Here, PCAs were studied for the crosslinking of HC films. HCs were isolated from gray alder (Alnus incana L.) wood as a water-soluble fraction by sawdust extraction with 7% potassium hydroxide. Citric acid (CA), maleic acid (MA), and butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) served as crosslinking agents in the presence of sodium hypophosphite as a catalyst. The crosslinking reaction was followed by the analysis of free and esterified COOH groups in HC films. At temperatures below 100–110°C, the HC esterification process with BTCA proceeded very slowly. At 140°C, most of the acids’ COOH groups reacted with HC during 1–1.5 h. BTCA had a higher esterification activity than CA and MA. The obtained films retained their form on immersing in water and subsequent drying in the open air. The water retention value of films followed the reaction kinetics, that is, decreased with increasing reaction time. Water-resistant films were obtained with no <10–11% of BTCA and 20% of CA based on the weight of HC. The water vapor sorption capacity of the films after modification with 10% BTCA decreased approximately twice in the whole range of the relative humidity of air compared with the case of unmodified HC films.
Polyoxometalate (POM)-aided modification of lignin from wheat straw biorefinery
Authors: Dizhbite Tatiana , Jashina Lilija , Dobele Galina , Andersone Anna , Evtuguin Dmitry , Bikovens Oskar , Telysheva Galina 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The oxidative modification of Biolignin (BL) has been investigated to make it more suitable as an adsorbent for transition/heavy metals. BL is a by-product of a wheat straw organosolv process for the production of pulp, ethanol, and pentoses (CIMV S.A. pilot plant, Levallois Perret, France). It was subjected to oxidation by a polyoxometalate (POM) H3[PMo12O40], aiming at the increment of oxygen-containing adsorption-active sites. The POM oxidation of BL was performed under moderate conditions (1 bar, 60–90°C, and 200°C) with the co-oxidants O2 or H2O2. The resulting lignin functionality and structure was evaluated by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and chemical analysis. The condensation degree of BL and its COOH and aliphatic OH group contents increased significantly, whereas the polymer structure was maintained. Under optimal conditions with POM/H2O2, the sorption capacity of lignins toward Cd(II) and Pb(II) was increased threefold and twofold, respectively.
Adipose circadian clocks: coordination of metabolic rhythms by clock genes, steroid hormones, and PPARs
Authors: Krueger Katherine C. , Feldman Brian J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A central clock consisting of interconnected positive and negative feedback gene loops operates in the brain, tying rhythmic activity to the 24-h day. The central clock entrains similar feedback loops present in most peripheral tissues to coordinate metabolic gene expression among organs and with feeding activity for more efficient utilization of resources. Recent studies are beginning to elucidate the intricate feedback mechanisms among central and peripheral clocks and their roles in activity and metabolic homeostasis. Adipose tissue serves as a major energy storage organ and releases paracrine and endocrine hormones to signal energy status to other organs. Within the adipose tissue, the transcriptional feedback regulation between clock genes and nuclear hormone receptors, together with direct protein associations among these molecules, ensures the expression of metabolic genes at the appropriate time. This review will summarize the important components and mechanisms of adipose clock entrainment, particularly highlighting instructive studies carried out in mice. This research not only illustrates the intricate connections between clocks and metabolism but also provides potential mechanisms to correct abnormalities induced by disrupted sleep or poor diet.
Zinc-dependent contact system activation induces vascular leakage and hypotension in rodents
Authors: Björkqvist Jenny , Lecher Bernd , Maas Coen , Renné Thomas 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Contact to polyanions induces autoactivation of the serine protease factor XII that triggers the kallikrei-kinin system. Recent studies indicate that polysaccharide-induced autoactivation of factor XII has a role in allergy-related vascular leakage, and angioedema. Here, we characterize in vivo effects of the synthetic polysaccharide dextran sulfate in human plasma and in rodent models. Minute amounts of high-molecular-weight dextran sulfate-initiated factor XII-autoactivation and triggered formation of the inflammatory mediator bradykinin via plasma kallikrein-mediated cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen. High-molecular-weight kininogen fragments, containing the HKH20 sequence in domain D5H, blocked dextran sulfate-initiated bradykinin-generation by depleting plasma Zn2+ ions. Topical application of high molecular weight dextran sulfate increased leakage in murine skin microvessels, in a bradykinin-dependent manner. Intravital laser scanning microscopy showed a greater than two-fold elevated and accelerated fluid extravasation in C1 esterase inhibitor deficient mice that lack the major inhibitor of factor XII, compared to wild-type controls. Intra-arterial infusion of dextran sulfate induced a rapid transient drop in arterial blood pressure in rats and preinjection of kinin B2 receptor antagonists or HKH20 peptide blunted dextran sulfate-triggered hypotensive reactions. The data characterize dextran sulfate as a potent in vivo activator of factor XII with implications for bradykinin-mediated vascular permeability and blood pressure control.
Dielectric Properties and Microwave Heating Characteristics of Sodium Chloride at 2.45 GHz
Authors: Liu Chenhui , Zhang Libo , Peng Jinhui , Qu Wenwen , Liu Bingguo , Xia Hongying , Zhou Junwen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe effects of moisture content and temperature on the dielectric property of sodium chloride were investigated by using open-ended senor dielectric measurement system at the frequency of 2.45 GHz. Moisture content is a major influencing factor in the variation of dielectric properties. Dielectric constant, loss factor and loss tangent all increase linearly with moisture content increasing. Three predictive models were developed to obtain dielectric constant, loss factor, loss tangent and of sodium chloride as linear functions of moisture content. Temperature between 20 °C and 100 °C has a positive effect on dielectric constant and loss factor. Penetration depth decreased nonlinearly with moisture and temperature increasing. A predictive model was developed to calculate penetration depth for sodium chloride as a fifth function of moisture content. In addition, the measurements indicate that the particles temperature increases linearly with microwaving heating time at different power levels. The knowledge gained from these results is useful in developing more effective applications of microwave drying and designing better sensors for measuring moisture content of sodium chloride.
Factors Capable of Modifying the Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the Inactivation Induced by Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
Authors: Araujo Paula Z. , Oppezzo Oscar J. , Ibáñez Jorge A. , Blesa Miguel , Pizarro Ramón A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The heterogeneous photocatalysis (HP) procedure has been demonstrated to be an interesting method for disinfecting water. It is effective for inactivating Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but its effectiveness may be reduced due to the action of several factors which are able to affect bacterial radio-sensitivity. The results reported here show the influence of nutritional stress and pre-exposure to sub-lethal UVA doses on the efficiency of the inactivation of P. aeruginosa by HP. Both previous exposures to low UVA fluencies and nutrient deprivation induce bacterial resistance to this process, in concordance with previous observations about the lethal effect of direct UVA irradiation. Starvation plus pre-irradiation did not have synergistic or antagonist effects. Kinetic parameters are presented for all three cases. These factors should be taken into account in the design of a water treatment process.
A Comparison of Monomeric Phenols Produced from Lignin by Fast Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Conversions
Authors: Du Lin , Wang Ze , Li Songgeng , Song Wenli , Lin Weigang 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Lignin, a by-product in biorefining industries such as lignocellulose-to-ethanol and paper-making processes, is a promising renewable source for value-added phenolic chemicals. Hydrothermal conversion and fast pyrolysis are two main thermo-chemical approaches for depolymerization of lignin. Hydrothermal conversion is a low temperature (250–500°C) and high pressure (5–30 MPa) process particularly suited for high moisture materials, whereas fast pyrolysis takes place at atmospheric pressure and moderate temperatures in the absence of oxygen and requires drying of the feedstock. In this paper, we present experimental results that provide a comparison of distributions of monomeric phenols produced by fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal conversion of lignin. Hydrothermal conversion experiments were performed in a 150 ml autoclave at 300°C for 30 minutes with different alkaline concentrations. Pyrolysis was carried out in a spouted bed reactor at 500°C. Hydrothermal conversion of lignin under 1 M alkaline solutions resulted in lower char yields (12.1%) compared to fast pyrolysis, which resulted in 54.5% solid yields. Monomer phenols obtained from hydrothermal conversion of lignin were found to have a narrower distribution dominated by catechol and its methyl derivative. In contrast, fast pyrolysis produced a wider distribution of monomeric phenols dominated by guaiacol and its derivatives with various chains substituted para to the hydroxyl group. Mechanisms of lignin fast pyrolysis and the methoxy group conversion under hydrothermal conditions were proposed respectively. In conclusion, hydrothermal technology is better suited for production of value added monomer phenols from lignin.
Microwave Drying Characteristics and Kinetics of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Seeds
Authors: Tian Yuting , Liang Jing , Zeng Hongliang , Zheng Baodong 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seeds were dried in a laboratory quality microwave oven to determine the effects of microwave output and mass load on drying time and drying rate. By increasing the microwave output power (231–539 W) and mass load (100–200 g), the drying time decreased from 36 to 13 min and increased from 18 to 30 min, respectively. The drying process can be divided into three stages: the heating period, constant rate period, and falling rate phase. A kinetics model which could describe the relationship of moisture ratio and drying time was established based on experimental data. The results show the drying procedure of lotus seeds could accurately be described by the Page model. The predicted values of the model were nearly consistent with the observed values. The moisture content and drying rate during the drying procedure matched the predicted results estimated by the Page model.
Image Analysis of Bread Crumb Structure in Relation to Mechanical Properties
Authors: Shibata Mario , Tsuta Mizuki , Sugiyama Junichi , Fujita Kaori , Kokawa Mito , Araki Tetsuya , Nabetani Hiroshi 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
To correlate the mechanical properties with the crumb structure of bread, a simple and objective method of measuring air bubbles of crumb samples was developed using an image scanner and digital image processing. Four images of the sample scanned in four orthogonal directions were aligned and combined to obtain an enhanced image in which air bubble regions were emphasized by min-operation, selecting the minimum gray level among the four images for each pixel. Next, Otsu’s method was applied to threshold each sub-image of the enhanced image in order to quantify the geometries of the air bubbles precisely, and then the black regions of the image were found to be air-bubbles. As a result, the four air-bubble parameters of the bread samples were determined to be mean bubble area, mean bubble perimeter, number of bubbles, and bubble area ratio. In addition, the viscoelastic properties of the samples were measured by the creep test and determined to significantly correlate with the bubble area ratio (r > 0.59, p < 0.05). This indicates that with increasing air-bubble area, crumb hardness increases. The proposed method is inexpensive and easy to operate, and thus is considered to be applicable to the quality assessment in food factories.