bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidenzbasierte Psychotherapie Alkoholabhängiger: Der Beitrag kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischer Verfahren
Authors: Rist Fred 
Published: May 2015

Hintergrund: In den letzten Jahren ist bei einer Vielzahl psychischer Störungen die Wirksamkeit psychotherapeutischer Verfahren anhand vergleichender Studien bewertet worden, so auch für den Suchtbereich. In der Praxis werden die daraus resultierenden Empfehlungen jedoch kaum beachtet und die empfohlenen Verfahren wenig angewandt. </P><P> Methode: Dargestellt werden die Arbeitsweise der Pro-jektgruppen, die solche Bewertungen vornehmen, und die aktuellen Ergebnisse für den Suchtbereich. Die Kriterien für die Einstufung als »gut etabliert« oder »vermutlich wirksam« und methodische Probleme der Einstufung werden erläutert. Die Ergebnisse von drei verschiedenen Bewertungsverfahren werden vorgestellt. </P><P> Ergebnis: Mit hoher Übereinstimmung werden kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Behandlungsmethoden als »vermutlich wirksam« und auch als »gut etabliert« herausgestellt. Bei anderen Störungen erreichen Verfahren mit denselben Prinzipien sogar noch höhere Einstufungen. Die theoretische Fundierung und der empirische Wirksamkeitsnachweis machen diese psychotherapeutischen Ansätze zum dominanten Behandlungsparadigma in empirischen Arbeiten. </P><P> Schlussfolgerung: Die gängige therapeutische Praxis ignoriert wissenschaftlich gut etablierte Verfahren. Gründe dafür liegen in der Tradition des Suchthilfesystems, dem geringen Einsatz spezifischer ambulanter Behandlungen und dem Mangel an entsprechender Ausbildung. Im Hinblick darauf, dass kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Methoden auch bei anderen Störungen als am wirksamsten beurteilt werden, sollten Anstrengungen zur Übernahme solcher Methoden in die Praxis unternommen werden.
Zur Effektivität von Familientherapien in der Frühintervention von Drogenmissbrauch und -abhängigkeit bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen
Authors: Sack Peter-Michael , Thomasius Rainer 
Published: May 2015

Familientherapien (FT) stellen angemessene Methoden der Frühintervention bei Drogenmissbrauch und -abhängigkeit von Adoleszenten dar. FT haben bei der Behandlung von Adoleszenten im Suchtbereich die höchsten Haltequoten, nämlich 7090%. FT zielen bei dieser Patientengruppe auf Drogenabstinenz bzw. eine Reduktion des Konsums. In komparativen Metaanalysen ergeben sich für FT mittlere Effektstärken bei überlegenem Outcome, sowohl in der Behandlung von Kindern als auch von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen. FT werden darum als »Anreicherung« für andere Therapieformen empfohlen; ohnehin gelten sie in der US-amerikanischen Kinder-und Jugendpsychiatrie als Standard.  Inzwischen liegen Ergebnisse der bislang einzigen europäischen Studie zu einer FT mit drogenabhängigen Adoleszenten vor, der ambulanten »Eppendorfer Familientherapie (EFT)«, welche die internationale Befundlage replizieren: Die Haltequote liegt bei 72%, auf intent-to-treat-Basis verringern sich die 30-Tage-Prävalenzen des multiplen täglichen Substanzgebrauchs über die Zeitpunkte »prä-post-Katamnese-2« nach 84%63%58%. Die EFT-Stichprobe hat »post« eine gebesserte Störungs-Symptomatik, psychosoziale Integration und Familiendynamik, in der 2-Jahres-Katamnese erweisen sich diese Werte als stabil  bei den Drogenpatienten wie auch ihren teilnehmenden Familienangehörigen.
Trinkmuster, Pro-Kopf-Konsum von Alkohol und koronare Mortalität
Authors: Gmel Gerhard , Rehm Jürgen , Frick Ulrich 
Published: May 2015

Studienziele: Analyse des Zusammenhangs zwischen Pro-Kopf-Alkoholkonsum, Trinkmustern und der koronaren Mortalität. </P><P> Methodik: Mehrebenenanalyse aggregierter Daten. </P><P> Ergebnisse: Trinkmuster moderieren den Effekt des Pro-Kopf-Alkoholkonsums auf koronare Herzkrankheiten. In Ländern mit regelmäßigen Trinkmustern zeigt sich der Alkoholkonsum als eher protektiv für die koronare Mortalität; in Ländern mit sporadischem, exzessiven Konsum steigt die koronare Mortalität mit der Pro-Kopf- Alkoholmenge. Bei Männern wirkt Alkohol insgesamt schädigend auf die koronare Mortalität. </P><P> Schlussfolgerung: Die verschiedenartigen Auswirkungen von Trinkmustern versus Trinkmengen bedürfen künftig differenzierterer präventiver Anstrengungen.
The Comprehensive Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire: I. Scale development
Authors: Demmel Ralf , Hagen Jutta 
Published: May 2015

Der Comprehensive Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire: I. Skalenentwicklung Ziele: Entwicklung eines deutschsprachigen Verfahrens zur Erfassung von Alkoholwirkungserwartungen. </P><P> Methode: Reliabilität und interne Validität des Comprehensive Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (CAEQ) wurden an drei Stichproben überprüft. </P><P> Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse einer Hauptkomponentenanalyse legen eine Fünffaktorenlösung nahe:<OL> <LI>Selbstsicherheit und positiver Affekt, <LI>Spannungsreduktion, <LI> Kognitive Beeinträchtigung und körperliche Beschwerden, <LI>Aggression, <LI>Sexualität. </OL>Retestreliabilität und interne Konsistenz können als zufriedenstellend bezeichnet werden. </P><P> Schlussfolgerungen: Der CAEQ ist ein reliables Verfahren zur Erfassung von Alkoholwirkungserwartungen. Die Dimensionen des CAEQ bilden Wirkungserwartungen von klinischer und theoretischer Relevanz ab.
Stationäre Drogentherapie: Unterschiedliche Einschätzung des Therapieprozesses von Therapeut und Klient
Authors: Künzler Alfred 
Published: May 2015

Ziel: Das Potential begleitender Prozessforschung in stationärer Drogentherapie als Mittel der Prozesssteuerung und Qualitätssicherung wird eruiert. </P><P>Methodik: 82 Therapiesitzungen von 18 Klienten in stationärer Drogentherapie werden untersucht. Patienten und Therapeuten füllten nach jeder Einzelsitzung einen Fragebogen zu mehreren Aspekten des therapeutischen Prozesses aus. Die beiden Perspektiven werden verglichen. </P><P>Ergebnisse: Die Wirkfaktoren Klärung, Bewältigung, Ressourcenaktivierung und Problemaktualisierung wurden von Therapeuten und Patienten unterschiedlich beurteilt. Therapeutische Beziehung sowie Fortschritte wurden insgesamt übereinstimmend bewertet. Eine Subgruppenanalyse zeigte bedeutungsvolle Differenzen. </P><P>Schlussfolgerungen: Begleitende Prozessforschung in stationärer Drogentherapie kann die Behandlungsqualität verbessern, sofern die Sicht der Klienten erfasst wird und Differenzen zur Einschätzung der Therapeuten beachtet werden.
Die offene Drogenszene im Wandel: Frankfurt / Main
Authors: Kemmesies Uwe E. 
Published: May 2015

<B>Fragestellung:</B> Der Artikel skizziert einige zentrale Beobachtungen einer Regionalstudie zur offenen Drogenszene in Frankfurt (Main). </P><P> <B>Methodik:</B> Die Studie ist Teil eines komplexen Monitoring-Systems, das darauf abzielt, Drogengebrauchstrends zu verfolgen. </P><P> <B>Ergebnisse:</B> Neben der Präsentation einiger auffälliger Veränderungen innerhalb der offenen Drogenszene seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre (Alterung der offenen Drogenszene, bemerkenswerter Anstieg des Crackkonsums und – offensichtlich hiermit korrespondierend – Reduktion des intravenösen Drogengebrauchs) stellt der Artikel eine Methode zur Schätzung der Population der offenen Drogenszene zur Diskussion. Dies vergleichsweise einfach handhabbare Schätzverfahren basiert auf Angaben der Interviewpartner zu Überdosierungserfahrungen, die in Beziehung zu den in den Frankfurter Konsumräumen dokumentierten Überdosisfällen gesetzt werden.
Temporal regulation of kin recognition maintains recognition-cue diversity and suppresses cheating
Authors: Ho Hsing-I , Shaulsky Gad 
Published: May 2015

AbstractKin recognition, the ability to distinguish kin from non-kin, can facilitate cooperation between relatives. Evolutionary theory predicts that polymorphism in recognition cues, which is essential for effective recognition, would be unstable. Individuals carrying rare recognition cues would benefit less from social interactions than individuals with common cues, leading to loss of the genetic-cue diversity. We test this evolutionary hypothesis in Dictyostelium discoideum, which forms multicellular fruiting bodies by aggregation and utilizes two polymorphic membrane proteins to facilitate preferential cooperation. Surprisingly, we find that rare recognition variants are tolerated and maintain their frequencies among incompatible majority during development. Although the rare variants are initially excluded from the aggregates, they subsequently rejoin the aggregate and produce spores. Social cheating is also refrained in late development, thus limiting the cost of chimerism. Our results suggest a potential mechanism to sustain the evolutionary stability of kin-recognition genes and to suppress cheating.
Bilirubin Increases Insulin Sensitivity by Regulating Cholesterol Metabolism, Adipokines and PPARγ Levels
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , Dong Huansheng , Zhang Yong , Cao Mingjun , Song Lili , Pan Qingjie , Bulmer Andrew , Adams David B. , Dong Xiao , Wang Hongjun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObesity can cause insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Moderate elevations in bilirubin levels have anti-diabetic effects. This study is aimed at determining the mechanisms by which bilirubin treatment reduces obesity and insulin resistance in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. DIO mice were treated with bilirubin or vehicle for 14 days. Body weights, plasma glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed prior to, immediately and 7 weeks post-treatment. Serum lipid, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, total and direct bilirubin levels were measured. Expression of factors involved in adipose metabolism including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1), insulin receptor (IR) and PPARγ in liver were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. Compared to controls, bilirubin-treated mice exhibited reductions in body weight, blood glucose levels, total cholesterol (TC), leptin, total and direct bilirubin and increases in adiponectin and expression of SREBP-1, IR and PPARγ mRNA. The improved metabolic control achieved by bilirubin-treated mice was persistent: at two months after treatment termination, bilirubin-treated DIO mice remained insulin sensitive with lower leptin and higher adiponectin levels, together with increased PPARγ expression. These results indicate that bilirubin regulates cholesterol metabolism, adipokines and PPARγ levels, which likely contribute to increased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in DIO mice.
The genetics of East African populations: a Nilo-Saharan component in the African genetic landscape
Authors: Dobon Begoña , Hassan Hisham Y. , Laayouni Hafid , Luisi Pierre , Ricaño-Ponce Isis , Zhernakova Alexandra , Wijmenga Cisca , Tahir Hanan , Comas David , Netea Mihai G. , Bertranpetit Jaume 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEast Africa is a strategic region to study human genetic diversity due to the presence of ethnically, linguistically and geographically diverse populations. Here, we provide new insight into the genetic history of populations living in the Sudanese region of East Africa by analysing nine ethnic groups belonging to three African linguistic families: Niger-Kordofanian, Nilo-Saharan and Afro-Asiatic. A total of 500 individuals were genotyped for 200,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Principal component analysis, clustering analysis using ADMIXTURE, FSTstatistics and the three-population test were used to investigate the underlying genetic structure and ancestry of the different ethno-linguistic groups. Our analyses revealed a genetic component for Sudanese Nilo-Saharan speaking groups (Darfurians and part of Nuba populations) related to Nilotes of South Sudan, but not to other Sudanese populations or other sub-Saharan populations. Populations inhabiting the North of the region showed close genetic affinities with North Africa, with a component that could be remnant of North Africans before the migrations of Arabs from Arabia. In addition, we found very low genetic distances between populations in genes important for anti-malarial and anti-bacterial host defence, suggesting similar selective pressures on these genes and stressing the importance of considering functional pathways to understand the evolutionary history of populations.
Evolutionary optimization of compact dielectric lens for farfield sub-wavelength imaging
Authors: Zhang Jingjing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe resolution of conventional optical lenses is limited by diffraction. For decades researchers have made various attempts to beat the diffraction limit and realize subwavelength imaging. Here we present the approach to design modified solid immersion lenses that deliver the subwavelength information of objects into the far field, yielding magnified images. The lens is composed of an isotropic dielectric core and anisotropic or isotropic dielectric matching layers. It is designed by combining a transformation optics forward design with an inverse design scheme, where an evolutionary optimization procedure is applied to find the material parameters for the matching layers. Notably, the total radius of the lens is only 2.5 wavelengths and the resolution can reach λ/6. Compared to previous approaches based on the simple discretized approximation of a coordinate transformation design, our method allows for much more precise recovery of the information of objects, especially for those with asymmetric shapes. It allows for the far-field subwavelength imaging at optical frequencies with compact dielectric devices.
Mitochondrial respiratory dysfunctions of blood mononuclear cells link with cardiac disturbance in patients with early-stage heart failure
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Bin , Sun Fang , Li Yingsha , Li Qiang , Lang Hongmei , Zhao Zhigang , Gao Peng , Zhao Yu , Shang Qianhui , Liu Daoyan , Zhu Zhiming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPatients with cardiometabolic risk factors and asymptomatic cardiac hypertrophy are hallmarks of early-stage heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that mitochondrial respiratory dysfunctions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may be associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in early-stage HF patients complicated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Totally 49 subjects were enrolled with 25 early-stage HF patients (stages A and B) having cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction and 24 healthy controls. It showed that excessive inflammation and reduced antioxidant capacity were closely associated with cardiac abnormalities in early-stage HF patients. Furthermore, the values of mitochondrial respiratory functional parameters R, CIOXPHOS, CIIOXPHOS, CI+IIOXPHOS, CI+IIETS and CIIETS were significantly lowered in early-stage HF patients. Interestingly, these respiratory parameters were correlated with inflammation and antioxidant capacity in participants. Finally, cardiometabolic risk factors such as salt intake and blood pressure were related to the mitochondrial respiratory dysfunctions, which were further validated by in vitro experiments. Our study indicated that cardiometabolic risk factor-mediated mitochondrial respiratory dysfunctions of PBMCs link with the cellular inflammation / oxidative stress and cardiac disturbance in early-stage HF.
Thermoelectric Signal Enhancement by Reconciling the Spin Seebeck and Anomalous Nernst Effects in Ferromagnet/Non-magnet Multilayers
Authors: Lee Kyeong-Dong , Kim Dong-Jun , Yeon Lee Hae , Kim Seung-Hyun , Lee Jong-Hyun , Lee Kyung-Min , Jeong Jong-Ryul , Lee Ki-Suk , Song Hyon-Seok , Sohn Jeong-Woo , Shin Sung-Chul , Park Byong-Guk 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe utilization of ferromagnetic (FM) materials in thermoelectric devices allows one to have a simpler structure and/or independent control of electric and thermal conductivities, which may further remove obstacles for this technology to be realized. The thermoelectricity in FM/non-magnet (NM) heterostructures using an optical heating source is studied as a function of NM materials and a number of multilayers. It is observed that the overall thermoelectric signal in those structures which is contributed by spin Seebeck effect and anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) is enhanced by a proper selection of NM materials with a spin Hall angle that matches to the sign of the ANE. Moreover, by an increase of the number of multilayer, the thermoelectric voltage is enlarged further and the device resistance is reduced, simultaneously. The experimental observation of the improvement of thermoelectric properties may pave the way for the realization of magnetic-(or spin-) based thermoelectric devices.
Identification of a distinct population of CD133+CXCR4+ cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer
Authors: Cioffi Michele , D’Alterio Crescenzo , Camerlingo Rosalba , Tirino Virginia , Consales Claudia , Riccio Anna , Ieranò Caterina , Cecere Sabrina Chiara , Losito Nunzia Simona , Greggi Stefano , Pignata Sandro , Pirozzi Giuseppe , Scala Stefania 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCD133 and CXCR4 were evaluated in the NCI-60 cell lines to identify cancer stem cell rich populations. Screening revealed that, ovarian OVCAR-3, -4 and -5 and colon cancer HT-29, HCT-116 and SW620 over expressed both proteins. We aimed to isolate cells with stem cell features sorting the cells expressing CXCR4+CD133+ within ovarian cancer cell lines. The sorted population CD133+CXCR4+ demonstrated the highest efficiency in sphere formation in OVCAR-3, OVCAR-4 and OVCAR-5 cells. Moreover OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and NANOG were highly expressed in CD133+CXCR4+ sorted OVCAR-5 cells. Most strikingly CXCR4+CD133+ sorted OVCAR-5 and -4 cells formed the highest number of tumors when inoculated in nude mice compared to CD133−CXCR4−, CD133+CXCR4−, CD133−CXCR4+ cells. CXCR4+CD133+ OVCAR-5 cells were resistant to cisplatin, overexpressed the ABCG2 surface drug transporter and migrated toward the CXCR4 ligand, CXCL12. Moreover, when human ovarian cancer cells were isolated from 37 primary ovarian cancer, an extremely variable level of CXCR4 and CD133 expression was detected. Thus, in human ovarian cancer cells CXCR4 and CD133 expression identified a discrete population with stem cell properties that regulated tumor development and chemo resistance. This cell population represents a potential therapeutic target.
Examination of metabolic responses to phosphorus limitation via proteomic analyses in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Feng Tian-Ya , Yang Zhi-Kai , Zheng Jian-Wei , Xie Ying , Li Da-Wei , Murugan Shanmugaraj Bala , Yang Wei-Dong , Liu Jie-Sheng , Li Hong-Ye 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for the survival of marine phytoplankton. In the present study, phytoplankton response to phosphorus limitation was studied by proteomic profiling in diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum in both cellular and molecular levels. A total of 42 non-redundant proteins were identified, among which 8 proteins were found to be upregulated and 34 proteins were downregulated. The results also showed that the proteins associated with inorganic phosphate uptake were downregulated, whereas the proteins involved in organic phosphorus uptake such as alkaline phosphatase were upregulated. The proteins involved in metabolic responses such as protein degradation, lipid accumulation and photorespiration were upregulated whereas energy metabolism, photosynthesis, amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism tend to be downregulated. Overall our results showed the changes in protein levels of P. tricornutum during phosphorus stress. This study preludes for understanding the role of phosphorous in marine biogeochemical cycles and phytoplankton response to phosphorous scarcity in ocean. It also provides insight into the succession of phytoplankton community, providing scientific basis for elucidating the mechanism of algal blooms.
Elucidating the Reaction Pathways in the Synthesis of Organolead Trihalide Perovskite for High-Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Baohua , Young Wong King , Xiao Xudong , Chen Tao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe past two years have witnessed unprecedentedly rapid development of organic–inorganic halide perovskite–based solar cells. The solution–processability and high efficiency make this technology extraordinarily attractive. The intensive investigations have accumulated rich experiences in the perovskite fabrication; while the mechanism of the chemical synthesis still remains unresolved. Here, we set up the chemical equation of the synthesis and elucidate the reactions from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. Our study shows that gaseous products thermodynamically favour the reaction, while the activation energy and “collision” probability synergistically determine the reaction rate. These understandings enable us to finely tune the crystal size for high-quality perovskite film, leading to a record fill factor among similar device structures in the literature. This investigation provides a general strategy to explore the mechanism of perovskite synthesis and benefits the fabrication of high–efficiency perovskite photoactive layer.
Vision and Relevant Risk Factor Interventions for Preventing Falls among Older People: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xin-Yi , Shuai Jian , Li Li-Ping 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOur study objective was to determine the effect of vision intervention and combinations of different intervention components on preventing falls and fall-related injuries among older people. Six electronic databases were searched to identify seven articles published before May, 2014. We conducted a systematic review of data from seven randomized controlled trails and identified eight regimens: vision intervention alone (V), vision plus exercise (referred to as physical exercise) interventions (V + E), vision plus home hazard interventions (V + HH), vision plus exercise plus home hazard interventions (V + E + HH), vision plus exercise plus sensation interventions (V + E + S), vision plus hearing interventions (V + H), vision plus various risk factor assessment and interventions (V + VRF) and the control group (C, no intervention group). The main outcome was the incidence of falls during the follow-up period. Seven papers included 2723 participants. Network meta-analysis of seven trials, using pairwise comparisons between each intervention, indicated there was no significant difference. However, there was a trend in which intervention incorporating V + VRF had more advantages than any other combination of interventions. In conclusion, V + VRF proves to be more effective than other V combination interventions in preventing falls in older people (≥65 years of age). V alone appears less effective in our network meta-analysis.