bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrainment of prosody in the interaction of mothers with their young children
Authors: KO EON-SUK , SEIDL AMANDA , CRISTIA ALEJANDRINA , REIMCHEN MELISSA , SODERSTROM MELANIE 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCaregiver speech is not a static collection of utterances, but occurs in conversational exchanges, in which caregiver and child dynamically influence each other's speech. We investigate (a) whether children and caregivers modulate the prosody of their speech as a function of their interlocutor's speech, and (b) the influence of the initiator of the conversation on durational characteristics of the exchange. We analyzed naturalistic conversations from 13 mother–infant/toddler dyads aged 12–30 months across full-day recordings of 3–5 days per dyad using LENA and automated analytic tools. We found small, but significant, effects of mothers and their children influencing each other's speech, particularly in pitch measures. We also found longer utterances and shorter response latencies for the initiator of a conversation. While mothers show more mature conversational capabilities (more entrainment, shorter response latencies), our findings converge with prior research to highlight the active role of young children in the conversational exchange.
Effects of prenatal substance exposure on infant temperament vary by context
Authors: Locke Robin L. , Lagasse Linda L. , Seifer Ronald , Lester Barry M. , Shankaran Seetha , Bada Henrietta S. , Bauer Charles R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis was a prospective longitudinal multisite study of the effects of prenatal cocaine and/or opiate exposure on temperament in 4-month-olds of the Maternal Lifestyle Study (N= 958: 366 cocaine exposed, 37 opiate exposed, 33 exposed to both drugs, 522 matched comparison). The study evaluated positivity and negativity during The Behavior Assessment of Infant Temperament (Garcia Coll et al., 1988). Parents rated temperament (Infant Behavior Questionnaire; Rothbart, 1981). Cocaine-exposed infants showed less positivity overall, mainly during activity and threshold items, more negativity during sociability items, and less negativity during irritability and threshold items. Latent profile analysis indicated individual temperament patterns were best described by three groups:low/moderate overall reactivity, high social negative reactivity,andhigh nonsocial negative reactivity. Infants with heavy cocaine exposure were more likely in high social negative reactivity profile, were less negative during threshold items, and required longer soothing intervention. Cocaine- and opiate-exposed infants scored lower on Infant Behavior Questionnaire smiling and laughter and duration of orienting scales. Opiate-exposed infants were rated as less respondent to soothing. By including a multitask measure of temperament we were able to show context-specific behavioral dysregulation in prenatally cocaine-exposed infants. The findings indicate flatter temperament may be specific to nonsocial contexts, whereas social interactions may be more distressing for cocaine-exposed infants.
Electron Correlation Microscopy: A New Technique for Studying Local Atom Dynamics Applied to a Supercooled Liquid
Authors: He Li , Zhang Pei , Besser Matthew F. , Kramer Matthew Joseph , Voyles Paul M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractElectron correlation microscopy (ECM) is a new technique that utilizes time-resolved coherent electron nanodiffraction to study dynamic atomic rearrangements in materials. It is the electron scattering equivalent of photon correlation spectroscopy with the added advantage of nanometer-scale spatial resolution. We have applied ECM to a Pd40Ni40P20 metallic glass, heated inside a scanning transmission electron microscope into a supercooled liquid to measure the structural relaxation time τ between the glass transition temperature Tg and the crystallization temperature, Tx. τ determined from the mean diffraction intensity autocorrelation function g2(t) decreases with temperature following an Arrhenius relationship between Tg and Tg+25 K, and then increases as temperature approaches Tx. The distribution of τ determined from the g2(t) of single speckles is broad and changes significantly with temperature.
Phase and Texture Characterizations of Scar Collagen Second-Harmonic Generation Images Varied with Scar Duration
Authors: Chen Guannan , Liu Yao , Zhu Xiaoqin , Huang Zufang , Cai Jianyong , Chen Rong , Xiong Shuyuan , Zeng Haishan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis work developed a phase congruency algorithm combined with texture analysis to quantitatively characterize collagen morphology in second-harmonic generation (SHG) images from human scars. The extracted phase and texture parameters of the SHG images quantified collagen directionality, homogeneity, and coarseness in scars and varied with scar duration. Phase parameters showed an increasing tendency of the mean of phase congruency with scar duration, indicating that collagen fibers are better oriented over time. Texture parameters calculated from local difference local binary pattern (LD-LBP) and Haar wavelet transform, demonstrated that the LD-LBP variance decreased and the energy of all subimages increased with scar duration. It implied that collagen has a more regular pattern and becomes coarser with scar duration. In addition, the random forest regression was used to predict scar duration, demonstrating reliable performance of the extracted phase and texture parameters in characterizing collagen morphology in scar SHG images. Results indicate that the extracted parameters using the proposed method can be used as quantitative indicators to monitor scar progression with time and can help understand the mechanism of scar progression.
The Exchange Relationship between Work-Family Enrichment and Affective Commitment: the Moderating Role of Gender
Authors: Marques António Manuel , Chambel Maria José , Pinto Inês 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWorkers’ perception that their job experience enriches their family life has been considered a mechanism that explains their positive attitudes toward the organization where they work. However, because women and men live their work and family differently, gender may condition this relationship between the work-family enrichment and workers’ attitudes. With a sample of 1885 workers from one Portuguese bank, with 802 women, the current study investigated the relationship between work-family enrichment and organizational affective commitment as well as the role of sex as a moderator of this relationship. The hypotheses were tested by using regression analysis. The results indicated that the perception held by workers that their work enriches their family is positively correlated with their affective commitment toward the organization. Furthermore, the data revealed that this relationship is stronger for women than for men. Study results have implications for management, particularly for human resource management, enhancing their knowledge about the relationship of work-family enrichment and workers’ affective commitment toward organization.
Emotionale Kompetenz – der Einfluss von kognitiver Beeinträchtigung und Depression im Alter
Authors: Steixner Ruth , Moser Bernadette , Kemmler Georg , Freudenthaler H. Harald , Papousek Ilona , Deisenhammer Eberhard A. , Weiss Elisabeth M. 
Published: June 2015

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob im höheren Alter Defizite in selbst-eingeschätzten emotionalen Kompetenzen auftreten und ob altersbedingte kognitive Beeinträchtigungen und Depression diese Defizite verschärfen. Die emotionalen Kompetenzen wurde bei 84 ProbandInnen (30 kognitiv intakte Personen über 60 Jahre, 23 Personen mit minimaler kognitiver Beeinträchtigung (MCI) über 60 Jahre und 31 psychisch gesunde Personen unter 60 Jahre) anhand der Self-report Emotional Ability Scale (SEAS) erhoben. Ältere, nicht-depressive Personen schätzten ihre Kompetenz in der Regulation von Emotionen bei anderen niedriger ein als gesunde nicht-depressive jüngere Personen. Depression stellt einen wichtigen Einflussfaktor für eine Verminderung intra-personaler Aspekte der emotionalen Kompetenz (Erkennen und Regulation eigener Emotionen) dar, während der kognitive Status der älteren Personen keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Selbsteinschätzungen der emotionalen Kompetenzen hatte.
Microtubule-associated protein 6 mediates neuronal connectivity through Semaphorin 3E-dependent signalling for axonal growth
Authors: Deloulme Jean-Christophe , Gory-Fauré Sylvie , Mauconduit Franck , Chauvet Sophie , Jonckheere Julie , Boulan Benoit , Mire Erik , Xue Jing , Jany Marion , Maucler Caroline , Deparis Agathe A. , Montigon Olivier , Daoust Alexia , Barbier Emmanuel L. , Bosc Christophe , Deglon Nicole , Brocard Jacques , Denarier Eric , Le Brun Isabelle , Pernet-Gallay Karin , Vilgrain Isabelle , Robinson Phillip J. , Lahrech Hana , Mann Fanny , Andrieux Annie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStructural microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) stabilize microtubules, a property that was thought to be essential for development, maintenance and function of neuronal circuits. However, deletion of the structural MAPs in mice does not lead to major neurodevelopment defects. Here we demonstrate a role for MAP6 in brain wiring that is independent of microtubule binding. We find that MAP6 deletion disrupts brain connectivity and is associated with a lack of post-commissural fornix fibres. MAP6 contributes to fornix development by regulating axonal elongation induced by Semaphorin 3E. We show that MAP6 acts downstream of receptor activation through a mechanism that requires a proline-rich domain distinct from its microtubule-stabilizing domains. We also show that MAP6 directly binds to SH3 domain proteins known to be involved in neurite extension and semaphorin function. We conclude that MAP6 is critical to interface guidance molecules with intracellular signalling effectors during the development of cerebral axon tracts.
Structural insights into the translational infidelity mechanism
Authors: Rozov Alexey , Demeshkina Natalia , Westhof Eric , Yusupov Marat , Yusupova Gulnara 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe decoding of mRNA on the ribosome is the least accurate process during genetic information transfer. Here we propose a unified decoding mechanism based on 11 high-resolution X-ray structures of the 70S ribosome that explains the occurrence of missense errors during translation. We determined ribosome structures in rare states where incorrect tRNAs were incorporated into the peptidyl-tRNA-binding site. These structures show that in the codon–anticodon duplex, a G·U mismatch adopts the Watson–Crick geometry, indicating a shift in the tautomeric equilibrium or ionization of the nucleobase. Additional structures with mismatches in the 70S decoding centre show that the binding of any tRNA induces identical rearrangements in the centre, which favours either isosteric or close to the Watson–Crick geometry codon–anticodon pairs. Overall, the results suggest that a mismatch escapes discrimination by preserving the shape of a Watson–Crick pair and indicate that geometric selection via tautomerism or ionization dominates the translational infidelity mechanism.
Crystal structure of caspase recruiting domain (CARD) of apoptosis repressor with CARD (ARC) and its implication in inhibition of apoptosis
Authors: Jang Tae-ho , Kim Seong Hyun , Jeong Jae-Hee , Kim Sunghwan , Kim Yeon-Gil , Park Hyun Ho 
Published: June 2015

AbstractApoptosis repressor with caspase recruiting domain (ARC) is a multifunctional inhibitor of apoptosis that is unusually over-expressed or activated in various cancers and in the state of the pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, ARC might be an optimal target for therapeutic intervention. Human ARC is composed of two distinct domains, N-terminal caspase recruiting domain (CARD) and C-terminal P/E (proline and glutamic acid) rich domain. ARC inhibits the extrinsic apoptosis pathway by interfering with DISC formation. ARC CARD directly interacts with the death domains (DDs) of Fas and FADD, as well as with the death effector domains (DEDs) of procaspase-8. Here, we report the first crystal structure of the CARD domain of ARC at a resolution of 2.4 Å. Our structure was a dimer with novel homo-dimerization interfaces that might be critical to its inhibitory function. Interestingly, ARC did not exhibit a typical death domain fold. The sixth helix (H6), which was detected at the typical death domain fold, was not detected in the structure of ARC, indicating that H6 may be dispensable for the function of the death domain superfamily.
Active macropinocytosis induction by stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptor and oncogenic Ras expression potentiates cellular uptake efficacy of exosomes
Authors: Nakase Ikuhiko , Kobayashi Nahoko Bailey , Takatani-Nakase Tomoka , Yoshida Tetsuhiko 
Published: June 2015

AbstractExosomes are approximately 100-nm vesicles that consist of a lipid bilayer of cellular membranes secreted in large quantities from various types of normal and disease-related cells. Endocytosis has been reported as a major pathway for the cellular uptake of exosomes; however, the detailed mechanisms of their cellular uptake are still unknown. Here, we demonstrate the active induction of macropinocytosis (accompanied by actin reorganisation, ruffling of plasma membrane and engulfment of large volumes of extracellular fluid) by stimulation of cancer-related receptors and show that the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor significantly enhances the cellular uptake of exosomes. We also demonstrate that oncogenic K-Ras-expressing MIA PaCa-2 cells exhibit intensive macropinocytosis that actively transports extracellular exosomes into the cells compared with wild-type K-Ras-expressing BxPC-3 cells. Furthermore, encapsulation of the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin with EGF in exosomes using our simple electroporation method produces superior cytotoxicity via the enhanced cellular uptake of exosomes. Our findings contribute to the biological, pharmaceutical and medical research fields in terms of understanding the macropinocytosis-mediated cellular uptake of exosomes with applications for exosomal delivery systems.
Flexure-based Roll-to-roll Platform: A Practical Solution for Realizing Large-area Microcontact Printing
Authors: Zhou Xi , Xu Huihua , Cheng Jiyi , Zhao Ni , Chen Shih-Chi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA continuous roll-to-roll microcontact printing (MCP) platform promises large-area nanoscale patterning with significantly improved throughput and a great variety of applications, e.g. precision patterning of metals, bio-molecules, colloidal nanocrystals, etc. Compared with nanoimprint lithography, MCP does not require a thermal imprinting step (which limits the speed and material choices), but instead, extreme precision with multi-axis positioning and misalignment correction capabilities for large area adaptation. In this work, we exploit a flexure-based mechanism that enables continuous MCP with 500 nm precision and 0.05 N force control. The fully automated roll-to-roll platform is coupled with a new backfilling MCP chemistry optimized for high-speed patterning of gold and silver. Gratings of 300, 400, 600 nm line-width at various locations on a 4-inch plastic substrate are fabricated at a speed of 60 cm/min. Our work represents the first example of roll-to-roll MCP with high reproducibility, wafer scale production capability at nanometer resolution. The precision roll-to-roll platform can be readily applied to other material systems.
A cross comparison of technologies for the detection of microRNAs in clinical FFPE samples of hepatoblastoma patients
Authors: Chatterjee Aniruddha , Leichter Anna L , Fan Vicky , Tsai Peter , Purcell Rachel V , Sullivan Michael J , Eccles Michael R 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAlthough formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue is a major biological source in cancer research, it is challenging to work with due to macromolecular fragmentation and nucleic acid crosslinking. Therefore, it is important to characterise the quality of data that can be obtained from FFPE samples. We have compared three independent platforms (next generation sequencing, microarray and NanoString) for profiling microRNAs (miRNAs) using clinical FFPE samples from hepatoblastoma (HB) patients. The number of detected miRNAs ranged from 228 to 345 (median=294) using the next generation sequencing platform, whereas 79 to 125 (median=112) miRNAs were identified using microarrays in three HB samples, including technical replicates. NanoString identified 299 to 372 miRNAs in two samples. Between the platforms, we observed high reproducibility and significant levels of shared detection. However, for commonly detected miRNAs, a strong correlation between platforms was not observed. Analysis of 10 additional HB samples with NanoString identified significantly overlapping miRNA expression profiles and an alternative pattern was identified in a poorly differentiated HB with an aggressive phenotype. This investigation serves as a roadmap for future studies investigating miRNA expression in clinical FFPE samples and as a guideline for the selection of an appropriate platform.
A novel brain partition highlights the modular skeleton shared by structure and function
Authors: Diez Ibai , Bonifazi Paolo , Escudero Iñaki , Mateos Beatriz , Muñoz Miguel A. , Stramaglia Sebastiano , Cortes Jesus M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractElucidating the intricate relationship between brain structure and function, both in healthy and pathological conditions, is a key challenge for modern neuroscience. Recent progress in neuroimaging has helped advance our understanding of this important issue, with diffusion images providing information about structural connectivity (SC) and functional magnetic resonance imaging shedding light on resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). Here, we adopt a systems approach, relying on modular hierarchical clustering, to study together SC and rsFC datasets gathered independently from healthy human subjects. Our novel approach allows us to find a common skeleton shared by structure and function from which a new, optimal, brain partition can be extracted. We describe the emerging common structure-function modules (SFMs) in detail and compare them with commonly employed anatomical or functional parcellations. Our results underline the strong correspondence between brain structure and resting-state dynamics as well as the emerging coherent organization of the human brain.
Ultimate Osmosis Engineered by the Pore Geometry and Functionalization of Carbon Nanostructures
Authors: Song Zhigong , Xu Zhiping 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOsmosis is the key process in establishing versatile functions of cellular systems and enabling clean-water harvesting technologies. Membranes with single-atom thickness not only hold great promises in approaching the ultimate limit of these functions, but also offer an ideal test-bed to explore the underlying physical mechanisms. In this work, we explore diffusive and osmotic transport of water and ions through carbon nanotube and porous graphene based membranes by performing molecular dynamics simulations. Our comparative study shows that the cylindrical confinement in carbon nanotubes offers much higher salt rejection at similar permeability in osmosis compared to porous graphene. Moreover, chemical functionalization of the pores modulates the membrane performance by its steric and electrostatic nature, especially at small-size pores due to the fact that the optimal transport is achieved by ordered water transport near pore edges. These findings lay the ground for the ultimate design of forward osmosis membranes with optimized performance trade-off, given the capability of nano-engineering nanostructures by their geometry and chemistry.
Inherent noise appears as a Lévy walk in fish schools
Authors: Murakami Hisashi , Niizato Takayuki , Tomaru Takenori , Nishiyama Yuta , Gunji Yukio-Pegio 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecent experimental and observational data have revealed that the internal structures of collective animal groups are not fixed in time. Rather, individuals can produce noise continuously within their group. These individuals’ movements on the inside of the group, which appear to collapse the global order and information transfer, can enable interactions with various neighbors. In this study, we show that noise generated inherently in a school of ayus (Plecoglossus altivelis) is characterized by various power-law behaviors. First, we show that individual fish move faster than Brownian walkers with respect to the center of the mass of the school as a super-diffusive behavior, as seen in starling flocks. Second, we assess neighbor shuffling by measuring the duration of pair-wise contact and find that this distribution obeys the power law. Finally, we show that an individual’s movement in the center of a mass reference frame displays a Lévy walk pattern. Our findings suggest that inherent noise (i.e., movements and changes in the relations between neighbors in a directed group) is dynamically self-organized in both time and space. In particular, Lévy walk in schools can be regarded as a well-balanced movement to facilitate dynamic collective motion and information transfer throughout the group.
Disordering of the vortex lattice through successive destruction of positional and orientational order in a weakly pinned Co0.0075NbSe2 single crystal
Authors: Chandra Ganguli Somesh , Singh Harkirat , Saraswat Garima , Ganguly Rini , Bagwe Vivas , Shirage Parasharam , Thamizhavel Arumugam , Raychaudhuri Pratap 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe vortex lattice in a Type II superconductor provides a versatile model system to investigate the order-disorder transition in a periodic medium in the presence of random pinning. Here, using scanning tunnelling spectroscopy in a weakly pinned Co0.0075NbSe2 single crystal, we show that the vortex lattice in a 3-dimensional superconductor disorders through successive destruction of positional and orientational order, as the magnetic field is increased across the peak effect. At the onset of the peak effect, the equilibrium quasi-long range ordered state transforms into an orientational glass through the proliferation of dislocations. At a higher field, the dislocations dissociate into isolated disclination giving rise to an amorphous vortex glass. We also show the existence of a variety of additional non-equilibrium metastable states, which can be accessed through different thermomagnetic cycling.
Extraction of pore-morphology and capillary pressure curves of porous media from synchrotron-based tomography data
Authors: Yang Feifei , Hingerl Ferdinand F. , Xiao Xianghui , Liu Yijin , Wu Ziyu , Benson Sally M. , Toney Michael F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe elevated level of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has caused serious concern of the progression of global warming. Geological sequestration is considered as one of the most promising techniques for mitigating the damaging effect of global climate change. Investigations over wide range of length-scales are important for systematic evaluation of the underground formations from prospective CO2 reservoir. Understanding the relationship between the micro morphology and the observed macro phenomena is even more crucial. Here we show Synchrotron based X-ray micro tomographic study of the morphological buildup of Sandstones. We present a numerical method to extract the pore sizes distribution of the porous structure directly, without approximation or complex calculation. We have also demonstrated its capability in predicting the capillary pressure curve in a mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) measurement. The method presented in this work can be directly applied to the morphological studies of heterogeneous systems in various research fields, ranging from Carbon Capture and Storage and Enhanced Oil Recovery to environmental remediation in the vadose zone.