bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stroke Preparedness in Children: Translating Knowledge into Behavioral Intent: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ottawa Cassandra , Sposato Luciano A. , Nabbouh Fadl , Saposnik Gustavo 
Published: September 2015

Background If translated into behavioral intent, improving stroke knowledge may potentially impact on better outcomes. Children are an attractive target population since they can drive familial behavioral changes. However, the impact of interventions on stroke knowledge among children is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether educational interventions targeting children improve stroke knowledge and lead to behavioral changes. Methods We searched Ovid, PubMed, and Embase between January 2000 and December 2014. We included studies written in English reporting the number of children aged 6–15 years undergoing educational interventions on stroke and providing the results for baseline and early and late postintervention tests. We compared the proportion of correct answers between baseline, early, and late responses for two endpoints: knowledge and behavioral intent. Results Of the initial 58 articles found, we included nine that met the inclusion criteria. Compared with baseline tests (51·7%, 95% confidence interval 40·9–62·4), there was improvement in stroke knowledge in early (74·0%, 95% confidence interval 64·4–82·5, P = 0·002) and late (67·3%, 95% confidence interval 55·4–78·2, P = 0·027) responses. There was improvement in the early (92·1%, 95% confidence interval 86·0–96·6, P < 0·001) and late (83·9%, 95% confidence interval 73·5–92·1, P = 0·001) responses for behavioral intent compared with the baseline assessment (63·8%, 95% confidence interval 53·5–73·4). Conclusion Children are a potentially attractive target population for improvement in stroke knowledge and behavioral intent, both in the short and long term. Our findings may support the implementation of large-scale stroke educational initiatives targeting children.
Association between Tobacco Smoking and Cognitive Functioning in Young Adults
Authors: Chamberlain Samuel R. , Odlaug Brian L. , Schreiber Liana R. N. , Grant Jon E. 
Published: September 2015

Background: Tobacco smoking represents a considerable public health burden globally. Smoking in older adults is associated with cognitive impairment and more rapid age‐associated cognitive decline, but there is a paucity of studies in younger people.Method: Adults aged 18–29 years were recruited from a longitudinal study investigating impulsivity in young people. Exclusion criteria were presence of any axis‐I morbidity or cannabis use. Subjects undertook neurocognitive assessment using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Demographic, clinical, and cognitive differences between smokers (N = 37) and nonsmokers (N = 177) were characterized.Results: Groups were well matched in terms of age, education, income, and gender. In comparison to nonsmokers, nicotine users showed significant cognitive impairments on sustained attention (target detection: p= .005), spatial working memory (errors: p= .023, strategy use: p= .004), executive planning (p= .002), and did not appropriately adjust behavior as a function of risk (Gamble task risk adjustment: p= .004). Smokers were intact on general response speeds and response inhibition.Conclusions: These data, using objective translational paradigms, support an association between tobacco smoking and cognitive problems in young people, with implications for such individuals and for society. Future studies should extend these results longitudinally to explore causality, and evaluate effects of nicotinic agents (including anti‐smoking medications) on cognition. (Am J Addict 2012;21:S14–S19)
Psychopathology and Pain Correlates of Dispositional Optimism in Methadone‐Maintained Patients
Authors: Beitel Mark , Savant Jonathan D. , Cutter Christopher J. , Peters Skye , Belisle Nicole , Barry Declan T. 
Published: September 2015

Background and Objectives: Although higher levels of dispositional optimism are associated with decreased levels of psychopathology and pain, and higher levels of mental health functioning—important outcomes in opioid treatment programs—a paucity of studies has examined dispositional optimism among individuals with opioid use disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical correlates (ie, psychopathology, pain status) of dispositional optimism in opioid dependent patients enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).Methods: A survey targeting demographics, pain, psychopathology, and dispositional optimism was administered to 150 MMT patients.Results: In multivariable analyses, higher levels of dispositional optimism were significantly associated with lower levels of: depression, screened personality disorder criteria, screened symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, and pain‐related emotional strain. In comparison to those without a history of chronic pain (ie, noncancer related physical pain lasting at least 3 months), MMT patients who reported either lifetime or current chronic pain exhibited significantly lower levels of dispositional optimism.Conclusions and Scientific Significance: The associations among higher levels of dispositional optimism, lower levels of psychopathology, and lower pain‐related emotional strain suggest that research focusing on the efficacy of specific interventions to promote dispositional optimism in MMT patients is warranted. (Am J Addict 2012;21:S56–S62)
Alcohol Craving as a Predictor of Relapse
Authors: Schneekloth Terry D. , Biernacka Joanna M. , Hall‐Flavin Daniel K. , Karpyak Victor M. , Frye Mark A. , Loukianova Larissa L. , Stevens Susanna R. , Drews Maureen S. , Geske Jennifer R. , Mrazek David A. 
Published: September 2015

Background and Objectives: Alcoholism treatment interventions, both psychosocial and pharmacologic, aim to reduce cravings to drink. Yet, the role of craving in treatment outcomes remains unclear. This study evaluated craving intensity measured with the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) at admission and discharge from residential treatment as a predictive factor of relapse after treatment.Methods: The study cohort included 314 alcohol‐dependent subjects. Associations between relapse after discharge, PACS score, and clinical variables were investigated using time‐to‐event analyses. The primary analysis, based on the intent‐to‐treat principle, presumed relapse in those declining follow‐up or not responding to contact attempts. Secondary analysis utilized data from 226 subjects successfully contacted after discharge with a median follow‐up time of 365 days.Results: The intent‐to‐treat analysis demonstrated that relapse was associated with higher level of craving at admission (p= .002) and discharge (p < .001). The analysis of data from patients successfully contacted after discharge led to similar results. A multivariable analysis indicated that relapse rates increased as PACS scores increased, and a higher discharge PACS score was significantly associated with relapse (p= .006) even after adjusting for covariates.Conclusions and Scientific Significance: This study demonstrates that higher PACS scores at the time of admission and discharge are associated with relapse following residential addiction treatment. These data support the role of craving in relapse and the utility of craving measurement as a clinical guide in assessing relapse risk. (Am J Addict 2012;21:S20–S26)
STIP overexpression confers oncogenic potential to human non‐small cell lung cancer cells by regulating cell cycle and apoptosis
Authors: Tang Yani , Yan Guobei , Song Xin , Wu Kuangpei , Li Zhen , Yang Chao , Deng Tanggang , Sun Yang , Hu Xiaoxiao , Yang Cai , Bai Huarong , Li Hui , Tan Weihong , Ye Mao , Liu Jing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSip1/tuftelin‐interacting protein (STIP), a multidomain nuclear protein, is a novel factor associated with the spliceosome, yet its role and molecular function in cancer remain unknown. In this study, we show, for the first time, that STIP is overexpressed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues compared to adjacent normal lung tissues. The depletion of endogenous STIP inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, caused cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase was associated with the expression and activity of the cyclin B1‐CDK1 (cyclin‐dependent kinase 1) complex. We also provide evidence that STIP knockdown induced apoptosis by activating both caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 and by altering the Bcl‐2/Bax expression ratio. RNA sequencing data indicated that the MAPK mitogen‐activated protein kinases, Wnt, PI3K/AKT, and NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells) signalling pathways might be involved in STIP‐mediated tumour regulation. Collectively, these results suggest that STIP may be a novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): clinicopathological study of 45 cases
Authors: Skowron F. , Bensaid B. , Balme B. , Depaepe L. , Kanitakis J. , Nosbaum A. , Maucort‐Boulch D. , Bérard F. , D'Incan M. , Kardaun S.H. , Nicolas J.F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundDrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare and severe adverse drug reaction. Large detailed studies of histopathological features of DRESS are sparse and suggest an association between keratinocyte damage and the severity of visceral involvement.ObjectivesTo describe the dermatopathological features in a large series of DRESS and their possible association with clinical features and the severity of the disease.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the clinicobiological and dermatopathological features in a monocentric cohort of patients with DRESS.ResultsFrom January 2005 to January 2013, 45 patients were validated as probable or definite cases of DRESS. The median age was 64 years (range 3–87). The most frequent clinical and biological features included: fever ≥38.5°C (95%), facial oedema (72%), enlarged lymph nodes (51%), visceral involvement (75%), blood eosinophilia (97%) and atypical lymphocytes (82%). Severe DRESS occurred in 24% and a fatal outcome in 6% of patients. Histopathological analysis showed that no specific histopathological pattern was characteristic for DRESS. However, several changes in different cutaneous compartments were observed in 2 of 3 of cases. Spongiosis (55%) and keratinocyte damage (53%) were the most common epidermal changes. Spongiosis was associated with non‐severe DRESS (P = 0.041) whereas confluent keratinocyte necrosis correlated with severe DRESS (P = 0.011). Vascular changes were frequent (88%). A moderate dermal perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate was invariably present, containing eosinophils, neutrophils and/or atypical lymphocytes in 57% of cases.ConclusionsEpidermal changes are indicative for the severity of DRESS.
Parting ways: parasite release in nature leads to sex‐specific evolution of defence
Authors: Dargent F. , Rolshausen G. , Hendry A. P. , Scott M. E. , Fussmann G. F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe evaluated the extent to which males and females evolve along similar or different trajectories in response to the same environmental shift. Specifically, we used replicate experimental introductions in nature to consider how release from a key parasite (Gyrodactylus) generates similar or different defence evolution in male vs. female guppies (Poecilia reticulata). After 4–8 generations of evolution, guppies were collected from the ancestral (parasite still present) and derived (parasite now absent) populations and bred for two generations in the laboratory to control for nongenetic effects. These F2 guppies were then individually infected with Gyrodactylus, and infection dynamics were monitored on each fish. We found that parasite release in nature led to sex‐specific evolutionary responses: males did not show much evolution of resistance, whereas females showed the evolution of increased resistance. Given that male guppies in the ancestral population had greater resistance to Gyrodactylus than did females, evolution in the derived populations led to reduction of sexual dimorphism in resistance. We argue that previous selection for high resistance in males constrained (relative to females) further evolution of the trait. We advocate more experiments considering sex‐specific evolutionary responses to environmental change.
Open access of evidence‐based publications: the case of the orthopedic and musculoskeletal literature
Authors: Yammine Kaissar 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe open access model, where researchers can publish their work and make it freely available to the whole medical community, is gaining ground over the traditional type of publication. However, fees are to be paid by either the authors or their institutions. The purpose of this paper is to assess the proportion and type of open access evidence‐based articles in the form of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in the field of musculoskeletal disorders and orthopedic surgery. PubMed database was searched and the results showed a maximal number of hits for low back pain and total hip arthroplasty. We demonstrated that despite a 10‐fold increase in the number of evidence‐based publications in the past 10 years, the rate of free systematic reviews in the general biomedical literature did not change for the last two decades. In addition, the average percentage of free open access systematic reviews and meta‐analyses for the commonest painful musculoskeletal conditions and orthopedic procedures was 20% and 18%, respectively. Those results were significantly lower than those of the systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in the remaining biomedical research. Such findings could indicate a divergence between the efforts engaged at promoting evidence‐based principles and those at disseminating evidence‐based findings in the field of musculoskeletal disease and trauma. The high processing fee is thought to be a major limitation when considering open access model for publication.
Structural and neurochemical correlates of individual differences in gamma frequency oscillations in human visual cortex
Authors: Robson Siân E. , Muthukumarawswamy Suresh D. , John Evans C. , Shaw Alexander , Brealy Jennifer , Davis Brittany , McNamara Grainne , Perry Gavin , Singh Krish D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNeuronal oscillations in the gamma frequency range play an important role in stimulus processing in the brain. The frequency of these oscillations can vary widely between participants and is strongly genetically determined, but the cause of this variability is not understood. Previous studies have reported correlations between individual differences in gamma frequency and the concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), as well as with age and primary visual cortex (V1) area and thickness. This study assessed the relationships between all of these variables in the same group of participants. There were no significant correlations between gamma frequency and GABA+ concentration, V1 area or V1 thickness, although the relationship with GABA+/Cr approached significance. Considering age as a covariate further reduced the strength of all correlations and, in an additional dataset with a larger age range, gamma frequency was strongly inversely correlated with age but not V1 thickness or area, suggesting that age modulates gamma frequency via an additional, as yet unknown, mechanism. Consistent with other recent studies, these findings do not demonstrate a clear relationship between gamma frequency and GABA+ concentration. Further investigation of additional variables and the interactions between them will be necessary in order to more accurately determine predictors of the frequency of gamma oscillations.
Ultrastructure of dragonfly wing veins: composite structure of fibrous material supplemented by resilin
Authors: Appel Esther , Heepe Lars , Lin Chung‐Ping , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDragonflies count among the most skilful of the flying insects. Their exceptional aerodynamic performance has been the subject of various studies. Morphological and kinematic investigations have showed that dragonfly wings, though being rather stiff, are able to undergo passive deformation during flight, thereby improving the aerodynamic performance. Resilin, a rubber‐like protein, has been suggested to be a key component in insect wing flexibility and deformation in response to aerodynamic loads, and has been reported in various arthropod locomotor systems. It has already been found in wing vein joints, connecting longitudinal veins to cross veins, and was shown to endow the dragonfly wing with chordwise flexibility, thereby most likely influencing the dragonfly's flight performance. The present study revealed that resilin is not only present in wing vein joints, but also in the internal cuticle layers of veins in wings of Sympetrum vulgatum (SV) and Matrona basilaris basilaris (MBB). Combined with other structural features of wing veins, such as number and thickness of cuticle layers, material composition, and cross‐sectional shape, resilin most probably has an effect on the vein′s material properties and the degree of elastic deformations. In order to elucidate the wing vein ultrastructure and the exact localisation of resilin in the internal layers of the vein cuticle, the approaches of bright‐field light microscopy, wide‐field fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser‐scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were combined. Wing veins were shown to consist of up to six different cuticle layers and a single row of underlying epidermal cells. In wing veins of MBB, the latter are densely packed with light‐scattering spheres, previously shown to produce structural colours in the form of quasiordered arrays. Longitudinal and cross veins differ significantly in relative thickness of exo‐ and endocuticle, with cross veins showing a much thicker exocuticle. The presence of resilin in the unsclerotised endocuticle suggests its contribution to an increased energy storage and material flexibility, thus to the prevention of vein damage. This is especially important in the highly stressed longitudinal veins, which have much lower possibility to yield to applied loads with the aid of vein joints, as the cross veins do. These results may be relevant not only for biologists, but may also contribute to optimise the design of micro‐air vehicles.
In vivo relationship between pelvis motion and deep fascia displacement of the medial gastrocnemius: anatomical and functional implications
Authors: Cruz‐Montecinos Carlos , González Blanche Alberto , López Sánchez David , Cerda Mauricio , Sanzana‐Cuche Rodolfo , Cuesta‐Vargas Antonio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDifferent authors have modelled myofascial tissue connectivity over a distance using cadaveric models, but in vivo models are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pelvic motion and deep fascia displacement in the medial gastrocnemius (MG). Deep fascia displacement of the MG was evaluated through automatic tracking with an ultrasound. Angular variation of the pelvis was determined by 2D kinematic analysis. The average maximum fascia displacement and pelvic motion were 1.501 ± 0.78 mm and 6.55 ± 2.47 °, respectively. The result of a simple linear regression between fascia displacement and pelvic motion for three task executions by 17 individuals was r = 0.791 (P < 0.001). Moreover, hamstring flexibility was related to a lower anterior tilt of the pelvis (r = 0.544, P < 0.024) and a lower deep fascia displacement of the MG (r = 0.449, P < 0.042). These results support the concept of myofascial tissue connectivity over a distance in an in vivo model, reinforce the functional concept of force transmission through synergistic muscle groups, and grant new perspectives for the role of fasciae in restricting movement in remote zones.
Nitric oxide synthesis by nitrate reductase is regulated during development in Aspergillus
Authors: Marcos Ana T. , Ramos María S. , Marcos Jose F. , Carmona Lourdes , Strauss Joseph , Cánovas David 
Published: September 2015

SummaryNitric oxide (NO) is a signalling molecule involved in many biological processes in bacteria, plants and mammals. However, little is known about the role and biosynthesis of NO in fungi. Here we show that NO production is increased at the early stages of the transition from vegetative growth to development in Aspergillus nidulans. Full NO production requires a functional nitrate reductase (NR) gene (niaD) that is upregulated upon induction of conidiation, even under N‐repressing conditions in the presence of ammonium. At this stage, NO homeostasis is achieved by balancing biosynthesis (NR) and catabolism (flavohaemoglobins). niaD and flavohaemoglobin fhbA are transiently upregulated upon induction of conidiation, and both regulators AreA and NirA are necessary for this transcriptional response. The second flavohaemoglobin gene fhbB shows a different expression profile being moderately expressed during the early stages of the transition phase from vegetative growth to conidiation, but it is strongly induced 24 h later. NO levels influence the balance between conidiation and sexual reproduction because artificial strong elevation of NO levels reduced conidiation and induced the formation of cleistothecia. The nitrate‐independent and nitrogen metabolite repression‐insensitive transcriptional upregulation of niaD during conidiation suggests a novel role for NR in linking metabolism and development.
A strange family, or how a new pleolipovirus reveals its friends and relatives
Authors: Dyall‐Smith Mike , Porter Kate 
Published: September 2015

SummaryA new virus of halophilic Archaea is reported by Liu et al., and is remarkable in many ways. SNJ2 is the first temperate, pleomorphic virus (pleolipovirus) that integrates into the genome of its host. Analyses of the virus structure and its genome have provided an unexpected puzzle while at the same time solving another. On the one hand, the study shows a curious relationship exists between SNJ2 and an unrelated provirus (SNJ1) found as a plasmid in the same cell. The presence of SNJ1 appears to allow much higher levels of SNJ2 virus to be produced, although the mechanism involved remains unclear. On the other hand, the curious occurrence of a conserved cluster of pleolipovirus‐related genes found widely distributed among haloarchaeal genomes and known for almost 10 years, now appears to correspond to SNJ2‐related proviruses.