bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deterministic Agent-Based Path Optimization by Mimicking the Spreading of
Ripples
Authors: Hu Xiao-Bing , Wang Ming , Leeson Mark S. , Di Paolo Ezequiel A. , Liu Hao 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Inspirations from nature have contributed fundamentally to the development of evolutionary computation. Learning from the natural ripple-spreading phenomenon, this article proposes a novel ripple-spreading algorithm (RSA) for the path optimization problem (POP). In nature, a ripple spreads at a constant speed in all directions, and the node closest to the source is the first to be reached. This very simple principle forms the foundation of the proposed RSA. In contrast to most deterministic top-down centralized path optimization methods, such as Dijkstra’s algorithm, the RSA is a bottom-up decentralized agent-based simulation model. Moreover, it is distinguished from other agent-based algorithms, such as genetic algorithms and ant colony optimization, by being a deterministic method that can always guarantee the global optimal solution with very good scalability. Here, the RSA is specifically applied to four different POPs. The comparative simulation results illustrate the advantages of the RSA in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. Thanks to the agent-based and deterministic features, the RSA opens new opportunities to attack some problems, such as calculating the exact complete Pareto front in multiobjective optimization and determining the kth shortest project time in project management, which are very difficult, if not impossible, for existing methods to resolve. The ripple-spreading optimization principle and the new distinguishing features and capacities of the RSA enrich the theoretical foundations of evolutionary computation.
Drought and Pluvial Dipole Events within the Great Plains of the United States
Authors: Christian Jordan , Christian Katarina , Basara Jeffrey B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to quantify dipole events (a drought year followed by a pluvial year) for various spatial scales including the nine Oklahoma climate divisions and the author-defined regions of the U.S. Southern Great Plains (SGP), High Plains (HP), and Northern Great Plains (NGP). Analyses revealed that, on average, over twice as many standard deviation (STDEV) dipoles existed in the latter half of the dataset (1955–2013) relative to the first half (1896–1954), suggesting that dramatic increases in precipitation from one year to the next within the Oklahoma climate divisions are increasing with time. For the larger regions within the Great Plains of the United States, the percent chance of a significant pluvial year following a significant drought year was approximately 25% of the time for the SGP and NGP and approximately 16% of the time for the HP. The STDEV dipole analyses further revealed that the frequency of dipoles was consistent between the first and second half of the dataset for the NGP and HP but was increasing with time in the SGP. The temporal periods of anomalous precipitation during relative pluvial years within the STDEV dipole events were unique for each region whereby October occurred most frequently (70%) within the SGP, September occurred most frequently (60%) within the HP, and May occurred most frequently (62%) within the NGP.
Modeling Turbulent Subglacial Meltwater Plumes: Implications for Fjord-Scale Buoyancy-Driven Circulation
Authors: Carroll Dustin , Sutherland David A. , Shroyer Emily L. , Nash Jonathan D. , Catania Ginny A. , Stearns Leigh A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFjord-scale circulation forced by rising turbulent plumes of subglacial meltwater has been identified as one possible mechanism of oceanic heat transfer to marine-terminating outlet glaciers. This study uses buoyant plume theory and a nonhydrostatic, three-dimensional ocean–ice model of a typical outlet glacier fjord in west Greenland to investigate the sensitivity of meltwater plume dynamics and fjord-scale circulation to subglacial discharge rates, ambient stratification, turbulent diffusivity, and subglacial conduit geometry. The terminal level of a rising plume depends on the cumulative turbulent entrainment and ambient stratification. Plumes with large vertical velocities penetrate to the free surface near the ice face; however, midcolumn stratification maxima create a barrier that can trap plumes at depth as they flow downstream. Subglacial discharge is varied from 1–750 m3 s−1; large discharges result in plumes with positive temperature and salinity anomalies in the upper water column. For these flows, turbulent entrainment along the ice face acts as a mechanism to vertically transport heat and salt. These results suggest that plumes intruding into stratified outlet glacier fjords do not always retain the cold, fresh signature of meltwater but may appear as warm, salty anomalies. Fjord-scale circulation is sensitive to subglacial conduit geometry; multiple point source and line plumes result in stronger return flows of warm water toward the glacier. Classic plume theory provides a useful estimate of the plume’s outflow depth; however, more complex models are needed to resolve the fjord-scale circulation and melt rates at the ice face.
West Nile Meningoencephalitis Presenting as Isolated Bulbar Palsy With Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Tso Geoffrey , Kaldas Kirsten , Springer Joseph , Barot Nikhil , Kamangar Nader 
Published: June 2015

Background: Since the outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in the United States in 1999, the WNV neuroinvasive disease has been increasingly reported with a wide spectrum of neuromuscular manifestations. Case: We submit a case of a 46-year-old male with a history of alcohol abuse, diabetes, hypertension, and hepatitis C who presented with fever, nausea, shortness of breath, and dysphagia. The patient rapidly developed hypercapnic respiratory failure and was found to have WNV meningoencephalitis without obvious neuromuscular weakness. His hospital course was significant for repeated failures of extubation secondary to persistent bulbar weakness eventually requiring tracheotomy. Conclusion: This is a unique case of WNV meningoencephalitis with bulbar palsy without other neuromuscular manifestations resulting in recurrent hypercapnic respiratory failure.
All that wheezes is not asthma: A cautionary case study of shortness of breath in pregnancy
Authors: Varnier Nicla A , Chwah Sarah , Miller Trent , Pettit Franziska , Brown Mark , Rees David , Henry Amanda 
Published: June 2015

Background Shortness of breath is a common physiological pregnancy presentation, secondary to both hormonal and mechanical effects. Its pathological causes are common (asthma exacerbation or infection); new-onset cardiac pathology is rarely considered. Case JC, a 39-year old G4P2T1, presented at 34 weeks’ gestation with shortness of breath unrelieved by salbutamol. History included asthma, poly-drug abuse and smoking. Initial presentation was consistent with asthma exacerbation and she was treated as such. There was deterioration of symptoms and on re-examination raised jugular venous pressure was noted with bibasal lung crepitations and cardiac systolic murmur. Echocardiogram showed severe cardiomyopathy (left ventricular ejection fraction 20%). JC was commenced on diuretics, digoxin and fluid restricted. Labour was induced at 35 weeks’ gestation, with birth of a healthy female infant (BW 2475 g) by elective assisted vaginal delivery. Cardiac function improved in subsequent weeks, confirming peripartum cardiomyopathy. Conclusion Peripartum cardiomyopathy affects 1 in 2500–4000 live births. Over 90% of women regain normal cardiac function postpartum with optimal medical management. Peripartum cardiomyopathy presents a diagnostic conundrum as its primary symptoms mimic not only those of normal pregnancy but also a number of other, more common conditions. It is important to consider cardiac causes of shortness of breath initially, and vital to revisit an initial non-cardiac shortness of breath diagnosis if there is no sustained improvement with treatment. In this case, asthma history and initial wheeze on examination impeded correct diagnosis; however, the situation was re-evaluated and correct diagnosis made when the patient’s shortness of breath deteriorated. Subsequent multidisciplinary management and birth in an appropriate setting facilitated the best outcome for both mother and baby.
Diagnostic accuracy of three different MRI protocols in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Jesuratnam-Nielsen Kayalvily , Løgager Vibeke Berg , Munkholm Pia , Thomsen Henrik S 
Published: June 2015

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for workup and control of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, disagreement remains as to how the MRI should be performed. Purpose To compare prospectively the diagnostic accuracy of MRI with neither oral nor intravenous contrast medium (plain MRI), magnetic resonance follow-through (MRFT) and MR enteroclysis (MRE) using MRE as the reference standard in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Material and Methods Plain MRI and MRE were carried out in addition to MRFT. All patients underwent both plain MR and MRFT on the same day and MRE within seven days. For the evaluation, the bowel was divided into nine segments. One radiologist, blinded to clinical findings, evaluated bowel wall thickness, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), mural hyperenhancement, and other inflammatory changes in each bowel segment. Results Twenty patients (6 men, 14 women; median age, 43.5 years; age range, 26–76 years) underwent all three examinations; 10 with Crohn’s disease (CD), three with ulcerative colitis (UC), and seven with IBD unclassified (IBD-U). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were in the range of 0–75%, 81–96%, and 75–95% for wall thickening, and 0–37%, 59–89%, and 50–86% for DWI in plain MRI, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were in the range of 0–50%, 96–100%, and 90–100% for wall thickening, 0–50%, 84–97%, and 82–95% for DWI, and 0–71%, 94–100%, and 85–100% for mural hyperenhancement in MRFT, respectively. Conclusion The use of oral and intravenous contrast agent improves detection of bowel lesions resulting in MRFT remaining the superior choice over plain MRI for diagnostic workup in patients with IBD.
Initial treatment of CLL: integrating biology and functional status
Authors: Jain Nitin , O’Brien Susan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA better understanding of the biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has led to significant advances in therapeutic strategies for patients with CLL. Chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) has been the standard first-line therapy for CLL. Age and comorbidities can help decide which patients may benefit from a CIT approach. FCR (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab) is the current standard treatment option for younger patients with CLL. For older patients and for patients with renal dysfunction, bendamustine and rituximab may be a better option. For older patients with comorbidities who may not be able to tolerate intensive CIT, the combination treatment of chlorambucil and obinutuzumab or ofatumumab is an option. For patients with del(17p), ibrutinib is the treatment of choice. Several ongoing phase 3 clinical trials with novel therapies will further refine the frontline therapy of CLL.
Mapping the interaction between factor VIII and von Willebrand factor by electron microscopy and mass spectrometry
Authors: Chiu Po-Lin , Bou-Assaf George M. , Chhabra Ekta Seth , Chambers Melissa G. , Peters Robert T. , Kulman John D. , Walz Thomas 
Published: June 2015

Key PointsElectron microscopy and hydrogen-deuterium exchange establish the C1 domain as the major binding site for the VWF D′D3 domain on FVIII. Additional sites implicated in the FVIII-VWF interaction are located within the a3 acidic peptide and the A3 and C2 domains of FVIII.
Visualization of an N-terminal fragment of von Willebrand factor in complex with factor VIII
Authors: Yee Andrew , Oleskie Austin N. , Dosey Anne M. , Kretz Colin A. , Gildersleeve Robert D. , Dutta Somnath , Su Min , Ginsburg David , Skiniotis Georgios 
Published: June 2015

Key PointsThe VWF D′ domains are flexibly tethered entities projecting outside antiparallel dimers of the VWF D3 domain. Extensive interactions between the VWF D′ domain and primarily the FVIII C1 domain mediate VWF-FVIII association.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The traditional Tibetan medicine Yukyung Karne exhibits a potent anti-metastatic activity by inhibiting the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cell migration
Authors: Choedon Tenzin , Mathan Ganeshan , Kumar Vijay 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background
In Traditional Tibetan medicine, Yukyung Karne has been used for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Though Yukyung Karne has been reported to be clinically effective, the molecular mechanism of its anti-metstatic action remains elusive.

Methods
The cytotoxic property of Yukyung Karne was evaluated by crystal violet staining while its ability to induce ceramide production was analyzed by sphingomyelinase assay. The anti-metastatic property was investigated using adhesion, invasion, migration and colony formation assays. The effect of Yukyung Karne on the expression of extracellular matrix components, and epithelial and mesenchymal markers were evaluated by confocal microscopy and western blotting.

Results
Yukyung Karne exhibited a strong anti-metastatic property by significantly reducing the invasion, migration and colony formation ability of ovarian cancer cells. Besides it inhibited the levels of biomarkers involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition such as down-regulation of vimentin and N-cadherin and up-regulation of epithelial E-cadherin. Yukyung Karne also induced the neutral sphingomyelinase II (nSMNaseII) enzyme activity that is known to hydrolyze sphingomyelins into pro-apoptotic intracellular molecule ceramide.

Conclusions
The study provides some compelling evidences supporting the anti-metastatic potential of Yukyung Karne which strongly suggests its possible usage as a promising alternative medicine. Thus, Yukyung Karne may be used as an anticancer and anti-metastatic agent along with other conventional anticancer therapeutics to increase their efficacy.
Rapid response systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Maharaj Ritesh , Raffaele Ivan , Wendon Julia 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Although rapid response system teams have been widely adopted by many health systems, their effectiveness in reducing hospital mortality is uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the impact of rapid response teams on hospital mortality and cardiopulmonary arrest.

Method
We conducted a systematic review of studies published from January 1, 1990, through 31 December 2013, using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and the Cochrane Library. We included studies that reported data on the primary outcomes of ICU and in-hospital mortality or cardiopulmonary arrests.

Results
Twenty-nine eligible studies were identified. The studies were analysed in groups based on adult and paediatric trials that were further sub-grouped on methodological design. There were 5 studies that were considered either cluster randomized control trial, controlled before after or interrupted time series. The remaining studies were before and after studies without a contemporaneous control. The implementation of RRS has been associated with an overall reduction in hospital mortality in both the adult (RR 0.87, 95 % CI 0.81–0.95, p<0.001) and paediatric (RR=0.82 95 % CI 0.76–0.89) in-patient population. There was substantial heterogeneity in both populations. The rapid response system team was also associated with a reduction in cardiopulmonary arrests in adults (RR 0.65, 95 % CI 0.61–0.70, p<0.001) and paediatric (RR=0.64 95 % CI 0.55–0.74) patients.

Conclusion
Rapid response systems were associated with a reduction in hospital mortality and cardiopulmonary arrest. Meta-regression did not identify the presence of a physician in the rapid response system to be significantly associated with a mortality reduction.
MicroRNA profiling of the pubertal mouse mammary gland identifies miR-184 as a candidate breast tumour suppressor gene
Authors: Phua Yu Wei , Nguyen Akira , Roden Daniel L. , Elsworth Benjamin , Deng Niantao , Nikolic Iva , Yang Jessica , Mcfarland Andrea , Russell Roslin , Kaplan Warren , Cowley Mark J. , Nair Radhika , Zotenko Elena , O’Toole Sandra , Tan Shi-xiong , James David E. , Clark Susan J. , Kouros-Mehr Hosein , Swarbrick Alexander 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The study of mammalian development has offered many insights into the molecular aetiology of cancer. We previously used analysis of mammary morphogenesis to discover a critical role for GATA-3 in mammary developmental and carcinogenesis. In recent years an important role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in a myriad of cellular processes in development and in oncogenesis has emerged.

Methods
microRNA profiling was conducted on stromal and epithelial cellular subsets microdissected from the pubertal mouse mammary gland. miR-184 was reactivated by transient or stable overexpression in breast cancer cell lines and examined using a series of in vitro (proliferation, tumour-sphere and protein synthesis) assays. Orthotopic xenografts of breast cancer cells were used to assess the effect of miR-184 on tumourigenesis as well as distant metastasis. Interactions between miR-184 and its putative targets were assessed by quantitative PCR, microarray, bioinformatics and 3′ untranslated region Luciferase reporter assay. The methylation status of primary patient samples was determined by MBD-Cap sequencing. Lastly, the clinical prognostic significance of miR-184 putative targets was assessed using publicly available datasets.

Results
A large number of microRNA were restricted in their expression to specific tissue subsets. MicroRNA-184 (miR-184) was exclusively expressed in epithelial cells and markedly upregulated during differentiation of the proliferative, invasive cells of the pubertal terminal end bud (TEB) into ductal epithelial cells in vivo. miR-184 expression was silenced in mouse tumour models compared to non-transformed epithelium and in a majority of breast cancer cell line models. Ectopic reactivation of miR-184 inhibited the proliferation and self-renewal of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines in vitro and delayed primary tumour formation and reduced metastatic burden in vivo. Gene expression studies uncovered multi-factorial regulation of genes in the AKT/mTORC1 pathway by miR-184. In clinical breast cancer tissues, expression of miR-184 is lost in primary TNBCs while the miR-184 promoter is methylated in a subset of lymph node metastases from TNBC patients.

Conclusions
These studies elucidate a new layer of regulation in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway with relevance to mammary development and tumour progression and identify miR-184 as a putative breast tumour suppressor.
Testing a conditional cash transfer program in the U.S.: the effects of the family rewards program in New York City
Authors: Miller Cynthia , Riccio James , Verma Nandita , Nuñez Stephen , Dechausay Nadine , Yang Edith 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Family Rewards represents the first test of a Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program in the U.S., offering families incentives for children’s education, family preventive health care and parents’ work and training. Using a randomized controlled trial, we find that the program led to substantial reductions in poverty and hardship during the 3 years in which the rewards were offered. The program also led to some effects in each of the three areas of education, health and work, although the effects were fairly modest or limited to certain subgroups.

JEL classification: I1, I2, I3, J1.
Development of Flotation-assisted Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction to Determine Organochlorine Pesticides in Soil by GC-MS
Authors: Sarkhosh Maryam , Niazi Ali 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This work describes optimal flotation-assisted homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction with a special homemade extraction cell that was designed to collect the low-density extraction solvent without centrifugation for the extraction of heptachlor, aldrin, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, and op-DDD in soil samples. The extraction solvent was transferred to GC-MS for analysis in the selected ion-monitoring mode. To obtain the optimum conditions for extraction, a rotatable face-centered central composite design consisting of three factors at three levels was used. Under optimum conditions, the method performance was studied in term of the linear dynamic range (LDR from 0–500 µg kg−1 soil), linearity (R2 &gt; 0.9989), and precision (in the range of 0.036–0.062).
Go-water nanofluid inside semi porous channel: analytical investigation
Authors: Azimi M. , Riazi R. 
Published: June 2015

This paper concerns the analytical investigation of the GO-water nanofluid flow in a semi-porous channel. The Similarity Berman’s transformation is employed to convert the governing partial differential equations of a steady laminar flow of an electrically conducting fluid in a two dimensional channel. Reconstruction of Variational Iteration Method (RVIM) has been used to obtain the expressions for velocity fields.
Graphs are sketched and discussed for various parameters, especially the effect of the expansion ratio on velocity fields. The results indicated that the Reynolds number, Hartmann number and solid volume fraction have strong effect on velocity boundary layer thickness.
Sharp Thresholds for Monotone Non-Boolean Functions and Social Choice Theory
Authors: Kalai Gil , Mossel Elchanan 
Published: June 2015

A key fact in the theory of Boolean functions f: {0, 1}n → {0, 1} is that they often undergo sharp thresholds. For example, if the function f: {0, 1}n → {0, 1} is monotone and symmetric under a transitive action with Ep[f] = ε and Eq[f] = 1−ε, then q − p → 0 as n → ∞. Here Ep denotes the product probability measure on {0, 1}n where each coordinate takes the value 1 independently with probability p. The fact that symmetric functions undergo sharp thresholds is important in the study of random graphs and constraint satisfaction problems as well as in social choice. In this paper we prove sharp thresholds for monotone functions taking values in an arbitrary finite set. We also provide examples of applications of the results to social choice and to random graph problems. Among the applications is an analog for Condorcet’s Jury Theorem and an indeterminacy result for a large class of social choice functions.