bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximum kinetic energy dissipation and the stability of turbulent Poiseuille flow
Authors: Bertram J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFollowing Malkus’s (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 1, 1956, pp. 521–539) proposal that turbulent Poiseuille channel flow maximises total viscous dissipation $D$, a variety of variational procedures have been explored involving the maximisation of different flow quantities under different constraints. However, the physical justification for these variational procedures has remained unclear. Here we address more recent claims that mean flow viscous dissipation $D_{m}$ should be maximised on the basis of a statistical stability argument, and that maximising $D_{m}$ yields realistic mean velocity profiles (Malkus, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 489, 2003, pp. 185–198). We clarify the connection between maximising $D_{m}$ and other flow quantities, verify Malkus & Smith’s, (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 208, 1989, pp. 479–507) claim that maximising the ‘efficiency’ yields realistic profiles and show that, in contrast, maximising $D_{m}$ does not yield realistic mean velocity profiles as recently claimed. This leads us to revisit Malkus’s statistical stability argument for maximising $D_{m}$ and to address some of its limitations. We propose an alternative statistical stability argument leading to a principle of minimum kinetic energy for fixed pressure gradient, which suggests a principle of maximum $D$ for fixed Reynolds number under certain conditions. We discuss possible ways to reconcile these conflicting results, focusing on the choice of constraints.
An insider view of the hybrid organisation: How managers respond to challenges of efficiency, legitimacy and meaning
Authors: Johansen Svein T. , Olsen Trude H. , Solstad Elsa , Torsteinsen Harald 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper we look at how managers perceive and manage meetings between different institutional logics in three types of hybrid organisations; a savings bank, a municipality and a hospital. The paper contributes to our understanding of organisational hybridity in two ways: First, drawing on Scott’s three institutional pillars, the paper shows how meetings between different institutional logics involve not just the cultural–cognitive pillar, usually highlighted in work on hybrid organisations, but all of them, including the regulative and the normative pillars. Second, the paper suggests a hierarchical relationship between meetings and responses, ranging from less elaborate responses that primarily involve the regulative pillar to more complex and all-encompassing responses that include not only the regulative and the normative but also the cultural–cognitive pillar, triggering questions and issues about identity and purpose.
Advances in constructing regional geological voxel models, illustrated by their application in aggregate resource assessments
Authors: Maljers D. , Stafleu J. , van der Meulen M.J. , Dambrink R.M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAggregate resource assessments, derived from three subsequent generations of voxel models, were compared in a qualitative way to illustrate and discuss modelling progress. We compared the models in terms of both methodology and usability. All three models were produced by the Geological Survey of the Netherlands. Aggregate is granular mineral material used in building and construction, and in this case consists of sand and gravel. On each occasion ever-increasing computer power allowed us to model at a higher resolution and use more geological information to constrain interpolations. The two oldest models, built in 2005 and 2007, were created specifically for aggregate resource assessments, the first as proof of concept, the second for an online resource information system. The third model was derived from the ongoing multipurpose systematic 3D modelling programme GeoTOP. We used a study area of 40 × 40 km located in the central Netherlands, which encompasses a section of the Rhine-Meuse delta and adjacent glacial terrains to the north. Aggregate resource assessments rely on the extent to which the occurrence and grain size of sand and gravel are resolved, and on proper representation of clay and peat layers (overburden and intercalations) that affect exploitability. Average model properties (e.g. total aggregate content) are about the same in all three models, except for a difference resulting from converting older lithological classifications to the current one. This difference illustrates that data selection and preparation are paramount, especially when dealing with quality issues. Generally speaking the results of the aggregate resource assessments are consistent and satisfactory for all three models, provided that they are judged at the appropriate scale. However, the assessments based on GeoTOP best approach the desired scale of use for the aggregates industry; in that sense progress was significant and each model was a better fit for the purpose.
Incidence of neoplasia in patients with clinically suspicious nasal lesions and the value of computed tomography imaging in diagnosis
Authors: Asimakopoulos P , Hathorn I , Monaghan H , Williams A T 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground:There is no consensus as to whether all routine bilateral polypectomy specimens should be sent for formal histopathological diagnosis to exclude underlying neoplastic pathology. This study assessed the necessity for histopathological investigation as routine practice in cases of bilateral and unilateral nasal lesions by estimating the incidence of unexpected pathologies. It also evaluated the ability of computed tomography to predict histopathological diagnosis in patients with unilateral nasal lesions.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of 98 patients undergoing nasal polypectomy over a 12-month period.Results:Five of 23 patients with a unilateral lesion on nasendoscopy had inverted papillomas on histopathological examination. None of the 75 patients with clinically bilateral lesions on nasendoscopy showed evidence of neoplasia on histopathological examination. Patients with inverted papillomas had significantly lower total Lund–Mackay scores than those with bilateral polyps. Asymmetry scores of inverted papilloma patients were significantly higher compared to both bilateral and unilateral polyps patients.Conclusion:The results suggest that histopathological diagnosis is only necessary in unilateral lesion patients as no unexpected histopathological diagnoses were made in bilateral lesion patients. Computed tomography imaging may have a role in predicting histopathological diagnosis by demonstrating asymmetry and less overall sinus opacification in patients with neoplastic lesions.
Between Religion and Politics: The Military Clergy during the Late Twentieth-Century Dictatorships in Argentina and Chile
Authors: RUDERER STEPHAN 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article analyses the history of the military clergy and contrasts its role in the Argentine and Chilean dictatorships on the basis of new, previously inaccessible sources. It is argued here that, in addition to its ideological orientation, two further factors explain differences in the influence of the military clergy on the two regimes: first, the structural position that the Military Vicariates occupied between the Church and the armed forces, and, second, the two dictatorships’ different needs for legitimisation. The analysis provides information relevant to understanding the public role of the Catholic Church and the dimensions of violence during the regimes.
7.4 Intensive sheep and goat production in Cyprus — landmarks of development
Authors: Louca Avraam 
Published: February 2015

It can be safely said that animal husbandry is one of the two limbs of the agricultural sector which is called the “backbone” of Cyprus economy.Following the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus in 1960, particular attention was focused on and efforts geared towards the development of livestock production and the attainment of a greater degree of self-sufficiency in meat and dairy products. The gross value of livestock output increased from £6.7 million in 1960 to £34.7 million in 1973. The production of sheep and goat meat, in particular, rose from 3 900 tonnes in 1960 to 10 140 tonnes in 1973 and that of milk from 21 300 to 52 700 tonnes, respectively. With such a high rate of growth, the share of animal husbandry in total agricultural output increased from about 27% in 1961 to about 46% in 1973. In 1978, the contribution of sheep and goats to the national economy was £17.2 million or about 41% of the total livestock income and 14.6% of the gross agricultural output.
Five years of ECT: the relationship between consent status and treatment experiences
Authors: Enriquez Susanna , Tighe Sheila , Fitzgibbon Noreen , Flaithbheartaigh Seamus Ó , Meagher David 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectives:ECT has received limited systematic study in the Irish setting. Amendments to the Mental Health Act (2001) propose limiting the use of ECT to patients who can provide written informed consent. We report on the use of ECT in Limerick specifically addressing the issue of patient consent and how it relates to response rate.Method:Since 2003, the use of ECT within Limerick Mental Health Services has been monitored by a data gathering process that includes the documentation of mood disturbance before and after the procedure.Results:In the five years between 2003 and 2007, 153 courses of ECT were given to 126 different patients (frequency 16.7/100,000; Female:Male = 2:1). The principal indication for ECT was depressive illness (95%). Bilateral electrode application was the preferred mode comprising 83% of use. A total of 60% experienced at least a 50% reduction in MADRS score over the course of ECT with 78% experiencing a reduction of 10 points or more on the MADRS. Higher response rate was linked to use of bilateral ECT (p = 0.007; 95% CI 1.3-13.6). A total of 14% of patients were unable to provide written informed consent and these patients had more severe depression at outset (p = 0.007; 95% CI 1.8-11.1) and a trend towards greater reduction in MADRS scores during ECT (p = 0.08). The commonest adverse incident associated with ECT was cognitive impairment (33 patients). The risk of cognitive problems was not related to age, ECT dose, number of treatments, severity of depressive symptoms, treatment response, or consent status.Conclusions:Frequency of use, response and adverse effect rates for ECT in Limerick Mental Health Services are similar to other centres. Cognitive impairment was the most frequent adverse event. The choice of electrode placement for ECT requires further consideration. Restricting ECT to patients that can provide written informed consent would prevent its use in many patients with severe illness who experience significant response to treatment.
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator as a novel treatment option for infective endocarditis: a retrospective clinical study in 32 children
Authors: Levitas Aviva , Krymko Hanna , Richardson Justin , Zalzstein Eli , Ioffe Viktoriya 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInfective endocarditis is a life-threatening infectious syndrome, with high morbidity and mortality. Current treatments for infective endocarditis include intravenous antibiotics, surgery, and involve a lengthy hospital stay. We hypothesised that adjunctive recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment for infective endocarditis may facilitate faster resolution of vegetations and clearance of positive blood cultures, and therefore decrease morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study included follow-up of patients, from 1997 through 2014, including clinical presentation, causative organism, length of treatment, morbidity, and mortality. We identified 32 patients, all of whom were diagnosed with endocarditis and were treated by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Among all, 27 patients (93%) had positive blood cultures, with the most frequent organisms beingStaphylococcus epidermis(nine patients),Staphylococcus aureus(six patients), andCandida(nine patients). Upon treatment, in 31 patients (97%), resolution of vegetations and clearance of blood cultures occurred within hours to few days. Out of 32 patients, one patient (3%) died and three patients (9%) suffered embolic or haemorrhagic events, possibly related to the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. None of the patients required surgical intervention to assist vegetation resolution. In conclusion, it appears that recombinant tissue plasminogen activator may become an adjunctive treatment for infective endocarditis and may decrease morbidity as compared with current guidelines. Prospective multi-centre studies are required to validate our findings.
Endomyocardial fibrosis and mural thrombus in a 4-year-old girl due to idiopathic hypereosinophilia syndrome described with serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Tai Christiana P. , Chung Taylor , Avasarala Kishor 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe present the case of a 4-year-old girl with idiopathic hypereosinophilia syndrome, endomyocardial fibrosis, and mural thrombus. This condition is rarely seen in children outside the tropics. Myocardial biopsy is historically the standard for diagnosis. Reports in adult literature, however, have shown the utility of cardiac MRI as a non-invasive tool for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case with serial cardiac MRI in a child.
A Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Flexible-Dose Desvenlafaxine Treatment in Outpatients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Feiger Alan D. , Tourian Karen A. , Rosas Gregory R. , Padmanabhan S. Krishna 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: This research compares the efficacy and safety of desvenlafaxine (administered as desvenlafaxine succinate) versus placebo in treating major depressive disorder.Methods: In this randomized, double-blind study, outpatients with major depressive disorder ≥18 years of age received desvenlafaxine 200–400 mg/day or placebo for 8 weeks. Efficacy endpoints included (primary) change in 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score at the final evaluation (last observation carried forward, analysis of covariance) and (secondary) Clinical Global Impressions—Improvement and—Severity of Illness scales.Results: The difference between desvenlafaxine (n=117) and placebo (n=118) on the primary endpoint was not significant (−9.1 vs −7.5, P=.078). Week 8 observed cases (desvenlafaxine, n=80; placebo, n=94) results were significant (−10.7 vs −7.9, P=.008). Differences at the final evaluation (last observation carried forward) were significant for Clinical Global Impressions—Improvement (2.9 vs 2.5, P=.037) and Clinical Global Impressions—Severity of Illness (−1.9 vs −1.2, P=.041). Discontinuation rates due to adverse events (AEs) were 12% and 3% for desvenlafaxine and placebo, respectively (P=.008). The most frequently reported AE associated with desvenlafaxine was nausea (36% vs 9% [placebo]).Conclusion: In this study, the primary analysis did not show significant differences between desvenlafaxine and placebo; discontinuations due to AEs associated with the desvenlafaxine dose range may have contributed to the lack of statistical separation.
Eating habits and preferences among the student population of the Complutense University of Madrid
Authors: Martínez Álvarez Jesús-Román , García Alcón Rosa , Villarino Marín Antonio , Marrodán Serrano Mª Dolores , Serrano Morago Lucia 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveStudying eating habits can aid in the design of specific measures that reduce the negative effects of an unhealthy diet on health. In this context, the aim of the present study was to examine the eating habits and food preferences of students and their level of satisfaction with the catering services of the university.DesignSurvey conducted during 2011 using a questionnaire that asked participants abut their sex, age and frequency of use of catering services placed on campus. Participants were also asked about their level of satisfaction with five aspects (hygiene, quality, taste of food, price and convenience of facilities) of the university catering services, what their preferred dishes were and whether they followed a special diet.SettingComplutense University of Madrid, Spain.SubjectsNine hundred and sixty-four students (381 males; 583 females).ResultsThe students used the university food service 2·3 (sd 1·3) times/week. With respect to satisfaction level, 44·1 % gave an average score (3) to the combination of surveyed aspects (hygiene, quality, taste of food, price and comfort of the dining rooms). Regarding food choices, 61·0 % of students preferred pasta dishes, followed by meat (59·1 %) and salads (32·5 %). The least popular dishes were vegetables (16·8 %), fruits (13·6 %), milk products (12·2 %) and legumes (9·8 %). Of the students, 20·1 % followed special diets.ConclusionsThe degree of satisfaction with the university meal service was low and the most common choices of dishes and foods among students were far from the guidelines of the Mediterranean diet. It is necessary to extend policies related to diet to this sector of the population and also to the management and food offer of university canteens.
High-nitrate vegetable diet increases plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduces blood pressure in healthy women
Authors: Ashworth Ann , Mitchell Klaus , Blackwell Jamie R , Vanhatalo Anni , Jones Andrew M 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveEpidemiological studies suggest that green leafy vegetables, which are high in dietary nitrate, are protective against CVD such as stroke. High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for stroke and inorganic nitrate has been shown to reduce BP. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that diets containing high-nitrate (HN) vegetables would increase plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduce BP in healthy women.DesignA randomized, crossover trial, where participants received HN vegetables (HN diet) or avoided HN vegetables (Control diet) for 1 week. Before and after each intervention, resting BP and plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured.SettingUniversity of Exeter, UK.SubjectsNineteen healthy women (mean age 20 (sd2) years; mean BMI 22·5 (sd3·8) kg/m2).ResultsThe HN diet significantly increased plasma nitrate concentration (before HN diet: mean 24·4 (sd5·6) µmol/l; after HN diet: mean 61·0 (sd44·1) µmol/l,P<0·05) and plasma nitrite concentration (before HN diet: mean 98 (sd91) nmol/l; after HN diet: mean 185 (sd34) nmol/l,P<0·05). No significant change in plasma nitrate or nitrite concentration was observed after the Control diet. The HN diet significantly reduced resting systolic BP (before HN diet: mean 107 (sd9) mmHg; after HN diet: mean 103 (sd6) mmHg,P<0·05). No significant change in systolic BP was observed after the Control diet (before Control diet: mean 106 (sd8) mmHg; after Control diet: mean 106 (sd8) mmHg).ConclusionsConsumption of HN vegetables significantly increased plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduced BP in normotensive women.
Food security and sustainability: can one exist without the other?
Authors: Berry Elliot M , Dernini Sandro , Burlingame Barbara , Meybeck Alexandre , Conforti Piero 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo position the concept of sustainability within the context of food security.DesignAn overview of the interrelationships between food security and sustainability based on a non-systematic literature review and informed discussions based principally on a quasi-historical approach from meetings and reports.SettingInternational and global food security and nutrition.ResultsThe Rome Declaration on World Food Security in 1996 defined its three basic dimensions as: availability, accessibility and utilization, with a focus on nutritional well-being. It also stressed the importance of sustainable management of natural resources and the elimination of unsustainable patterns of food consumption and production. In 2009, at the World Summit on Food Security, the concept of stability/vulnerability was added as the short-term time indicator of the ability of food systems to withstand shocks, whether natural or man-made, as part of the Five Rome Principles for Sustainable Global Food Security. More recently, intergovernmental processes have emphasized the importance of sustainability to preserve the environment, natural resources and agro-ecosystems (and thus the overlying social system), as well as the importance of food security as part of sustainability and vice versa.ConclusionsSustainability should be considered as part of the long-term time dimension in the assessment of food security. From such a perspective the concept of sustainable diets can play a key role as a goal and a way of maintaining nutritional well-being and health, while ensuring the sustainability for future food security. Without integrating sustainability as an explicit (fifth?) dimension of food security, today’s policies and programmes could become the very cause of increased food insecurity in the future.
An Anglican View of the Papacy Post-Vatican II
Authors: Platten Stephen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article provides a current view of Anglican attitudes to the Papacy. First of all historical background is examined in relation to mutual perceptions of Anglicanism and Roman Catholicism going back to the early church and then moving forward through the Reformation to the twentieth century. The period from 1966 onwards saw the visit of Geoffrey Fisher to Pope John XXIII which began to change perceptions. The establishment of the Anglican Centre in Rome in 1966 was a crucial development. The setting up of the Anglican Roman Catholic International Commission, following the Malta Report in 1966 altered perceptions and understandings of Anglican and Roman Catholics mutually. There is still a variety of Anglican reactions to the Papacy.