bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does a Standardized Load Carriage Increase Spatiotemporal Gait Asymmetries in Police Recruits? A Population-based Study
Authors: Štefan Andro , Kasović Mario , Štefan Lovro 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although the effects of carrying loads on gait biomechanics have been well-documented, to date, little evidence has been provided whether such loads may impact spatial and temporal gait asymmetries under the different foot regions. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to examine the effects of carrying a standardized police equipment on spatiotemporal gait parameters.

Materials and Methods
In this population-based study, participants were 845 first-year police recruits (age: 21.2 ± 2.3 years; height: 178.1 ± 10.2 cm; weight: 78.4 ± 11.3 kg; body mass index: 24.7 ± 3.2 kg/m2; 609 men and 236 women; 72.1% men and 27.9% women) measured in 2 conditions: (i) “no load” and (ii) “a 3.5 kg load.” Spatiotemporal gait parameters were derived from the FDM Zebris pressure platform. Asymmetry was calculated as (xright—xleft)/0.5*(xright + xleft)*100%, where “x” represented a given parameter being calculated and a value closer to 0 denoted greater symmetry.

Results
When compared to “no load” condition, a standardized 3.5 kg/7.7 lb load significantly increased asymmetries in spatial gait parameters as follows: gait phases of stance (mean diff. = 1.05), load response (mean diff. = 0.31), single limb support (mean diff. = 0.56), pre-swing (mean diff. = 0.22), and swing (mean diff. = 0.90) phase, while no significant asymmetries in foot rotation, step, and stride length were observed. For temporal gait parameters, we observed significant asymmetries in step time (mean diff. = –0.01), while no differences in cadence and gait speed were shown.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that the additional load of 3.5 kg/7.7 lb is more likely to increase asymmetries in spatial gait cycle components, opposed to temporal parameters. Thus, external police load may have hazardous effects in increasing overall body asymmetry, which may lead to a higher injury risk and a decreased performance for completing specific everyday tasks.
LeMMINGs. Multiwavelength constraints on the co-existence of nuclear star clusters and AGN in nucleated galaxies
Authors: Dullo B T , Knapen J H , Baldi R D , Williams D R A , Beswick R J , McHardy I M , Green D A , Gil de Paz A , Aalto S , Alberdi A , Argo M K , Gallagher J S , Klöckner H -R , Marcaide J M , Mutie I M , Saikia D J , Saikia P , Stevens I R , Torrejón S 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The relation between nuclear star clusters (NSCs) and the growth of the central supermassive black holes (SMBHs), as well as their connection to the properties of the host galaxies, is crucial for understanding the evolution of galaxies. Recent observations have revealed that about 10 per cent of nucleated galaxies host hybrid nuclei, consisting of both NSCs and accreting SMBHs that power active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Motivated by the potential of the recently published multiwavelength data sets from LeMMINGs survey, here we present the most thorough investigation to date of the incidence of hybrid nuclei in a large sample of 100 nearby nucleated galaxies (10 E, 25 S0, 63 S, and 2 Irr), covering a wide range in stellar mass ($M_{*,\rm gal} \sim 10^{8.7}-10^{12}~\rm M_{\odot }$). We identify the nuclei and derive their properties by performing detailed 1D and 2D multicomponent decompositions of the optical and near-infrared HST stellar light distributions of the galaxies using Sérsic and core-Sérsic models. Our AGN diagnostics are based on homogeneously derived nuclear 1.5 GHz e-MERLIN radio, Chandra X-ray (0.3–10 keV), and optical emission-line data. We determine the nucleation fraction ($f_{\rm nuc}$) as the relative incidence of nuclei across the LeMMINGs HST sample and find $f_{\rm nuc} =~$100/149 (= 67 $\pm$ 7 per cent), confirming previous work, with a peak value of $49/56~(= 88 \pm 13$ per cent) at bulge masses $M_{*,\rm bulge}\sim 10^{9.4}- 10^{10.8}~ \rm M_{\odot }$. We identify 30 nucleated LeMMINGs galaxies that are optically active, radio-detected, and X-ray luminous ($L_\textnormal {X} \gt 10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$). This indicates that our nucleated sample has a lower limit $\sim$ 30 per cent occupancy of hybrid nuclei, which is a function of $M_{*,\rm bulge}$ and $M_{*,\rm gal}$. We find that hybrid nuclei have a number density of $(1.5 \pm 0.4)\times 10^{-5}$ Mpc$^{-3}$, are more common at $M_{*,\rm gal}\sim 10^{10.6}- 10^{11.8}~\rm M_{\odot }$ and occur, at least, three times more frequently than previously reported.
Age and metal gradients in massive quiescent galaxies at 0.6 ≲ z ≲ 1.0: implications for quenching and assembly histories
Authors: Cheng Chloe M , Kriek Mariska , Beverage Aliza G , van der Wel Arjen , Bezanson Rachel , D’Eugenio Francesco , Franx Marijn , Mancera Piña Pavel E , Nersesian Angelos , Slob Martje , Suess Katherine A , van Dokkum Pieter G , Wu Po-Feng , Gallazzi Anna , Zibetti Stefano 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We present spatially resolved, simple stellar population equivalent ages, stellar metallicities, and abundance ratios for 456 massive ($10.3\lesssim \log (\mathrm{M}_*/\mathrm{M}_\odot)\lesssim 11.8$) quiescent galaxies at $0.6\lesssim z\lesssim 1.0$ from the Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census, derived using full-spectrum models. Typically, we find flat age and [Mg/Fe] gradients, and negative [Fe/H] gradients, implying iron-rich cores. We also estimate intrinsic [Fe/H] gradients via forward modelling. We examine the observed gradients in three age bins. Younger quiescent galaxies typically have negative [Fe/H] gradients and positive age gradients, possibly indicating a recent central starburst. Additionally, this finding suggests that photometrically measured flat colour gradients in young quiescent galaxies are the result of the positive age and negative metallicity gradients cancelling each other. For older quiescent galaxies, the age gradients become flat and [Fe/H] gradients weaken, though remain negative. Thus, negative colour gradients at older ages are likely driven by metallicity gradients. The diminishing age gradient may result from the starburst fading. Furthermore, the persistence of the [Fe/H] gradients may suggest that the outskirts are simultaneously built up by mergers with lower metallicity satellites. On the other hand, the gradients could be inherited from the star-forming phase, in which case mergers may not be needed to explain our findings. This work illustrates the need for resolved spectroscopy, instead of just photometry, to measure stellar population gradients. Extending these measurements to higher redshift is imperative for understanding how stellar populations in quiescent galaxies are assembled over cosmic time.
Systematic errors in searches for nanohertz gravitational waves
Authors: Di Marco Valentina , Zic Andrew , Shannon Ryan M , Thrane Eric 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
A number of pulsar timing arrays have recently reported preliminary evidence for the existence of a nanohertz frequency gravitational wave background. These analyses rely on noise analyses, which are inherently complex due to the many astrophysical and instrumental factors. We investigate whether realistic systematic errors, stemming from misspecified noise models that fail to capture salient features of the pulsar timing noise, could bias the evidence for gravitational waves. We consider two plausible forms of misspecification: small instrumental pulse arrival time offsets and radio-frequency-dependent time-correlated noise. Using simulated data, we calculate the distribution of the commonly used optimal statistic with no signal present and using plausibly misspecified noise models. By comparing the optimal statistic distribution with the distribution created using “quasi-resampling” techniques (such as sky scrambles and phase shifts), we endeavour to determine the extent to which plausible misspecification might lead to a false positive. The results are reassuring: we find that quasi-resampling techniques tend to underestimate the significance of pure-noise data sets. We conclude that recent reported evidence for a nanohertz gravitational wave background is likely robust to the most obvious sources of systematic errors; if anything, the significance of the signal is potentially underestimated.
Eccentric orbits may enhance the habitability of Earth-like exoplanets
Authors: Liu Binghan , Marsh Daniel R , Walsh Catherine , Cooke Greg , Sainsbury-Martinez Felix 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The detection and characterization of Earth-like planets around Sun-like stars is an important goal of exoplanetary research, given their promise for hosting potentially habitable conditions. Key orbital parameters, such as eccentricity, can influence a planet’s climate response and, as a consequence, affect its potential habitability. Utilizing the Earth System Model – the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM6), we simulated Earth-like exoplanets with two different orbital parameters: one circular ($e = 0$) and another highly eccentric ($e = 0.4$), both with zero obliquity but fixing the annual mean insolation. The highly eccentric case exhibits a 1.9 K warmer surface temperature due to lower surface and cloud albedo and a weaker longwave cloud forcing. Exploring the annual global mean climate difference, we analysed latitudinal and seasonal variations in hydrological cycle variables, such as sea ice, land snow, and clouds. Land habitability metrics based on temperature and precipitation reveal that the $e=0.4$ case has over 25 per cent more habitable land area for more than 80 per cent of its orbit, compared with the $e=0$ case. Additionally, the global circulation pattern shifts from a three-cell to a two-cell system in the $e=0.4$ case, expanding the Hadley cell to higher latitudes, enhancing meridional latent heat transport, and improving land habitability at higher latitudes. Our study suggests that Earth-like exoplanets with high eccentricity orbiting Sun-like stars may have greater land habitability than their circular counterparts, due to seasonally warmer surface temperatures and more evenly distributed precipitation over land.
Proton pump inhibitor use and bone fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kommer Andreas , Kostev Karel , Schleicher Eva Maria , Weinmann-Menke Julia , Labenz Christian 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for bone fractures, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have been linked to an increased risk for fractures in the general population as well as in patients with need for hemodialysis, but studies in patients with CKD are currently missing.

Methods
We performed a population-based observational case–control study exploring a sample of patients with CKD derived from the IQVIATM Disease Analyzer database. Patients with and without fractures were matched using the 1:1 nearest neighbor propensity score matching method. To investigate the association between PPI use and fractures, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed adjusting for confounding factors.

Results
In total, 6076 patients with and 6076 patients without fractures were matched and subsequently available for analyses. In the total cohort, PPI use was associated with an increased risk for fractures [odds ratio (OR) 1.68; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.55–1.83]. This association was noted for nearly all types of fractures. The strongest association between PPI use and fractures was found in patients below the age of 60 years with a PPI prescription for longer than 2 years (OR 6.85; 95% CI 1.85–25.38). The same was true when analyzing cumulative PPI doses. Here, patients below the age of 60 years with a cumulative PPI dose above 16 000 mg (highest quartile) had the highest risk for fractures (OR 4.62; 95% CI 1.87–11.44). There was no difference between men or women regarding the association between PPI use and fractures.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that PPI use is associated with fractures in patients with CKD. Deprescription of PPI in patients without an indication for treatment could be a modifiable risk factor to reduce fracture risk in this high-risk group.
Insights from GoFundMe posts: Analyzing GoFundMe financial aid requests from brain tumor patients in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Devaraja Kaviya , Avery Jonathan , Iyengar Yajur , Zhang Yunyi , Climans Seth A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors significantly affect individuals globally, with patients in Ontario, Canada, often bearing financial burdens for treatments such as oral chemotherapy due to insufficient coverage, resulting in complex insurance processes or out-of-pocket payments. However, limited understanding exists regarding other direct and indirect financial implications of their diagnosis. This study examines the financial strains, unmet needs, and overarching challenges encountered by Ontario’s brain tumor patients, utilizing GoFundMe posts as a unique data source to explore additional financial costs linked to CNS tumor diagnoses in the region.

Methods
A qualitative descriptive design employing thematic analysis analyzed GoFundMe posts supporting CNS tumor patients in Ontario from 2014 to 2021. A search strategy targeted posts featuring primary CNS tumor keywords, with NVivo 10 software facilitating post organization and coding.

Results
Focused on Ontario, the study yielded a final dataset of 154 posts from an initial pool of 9025, revealing further financial strain due to income loss among patients and caregivers. Posts highlighted various concerns: (1) navigating the complexities of accessing support services, (2) worries about family’s long-term financial and overall well-being, (3) insufficient public awareness about the financial and emotional burden on those affected, and (4) seeking emotional support, hope, and encouragement from the community.

Conclusions
These GoFundMe posts highlight a connection between financial burden, emotional distress, and the need for improved access to financial and emotional support services. The results emphasize distinct financial challenges faced by CNS tumor patients within Ontario’s healthcare system.
Tree cavity density is a limiting factor for a secondary cavity nester in second-growth Andean temperate rainforests
Authors: Altamirano Tomás A , Novoa Fernando , Ibarra José Tomás , Navarrete Sergio A , Bonacic Cristián , Martin Kathy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cavity-nesting bird populations are most frequently limited by the number of tree cavities available in second-growth forests. However, this possible limitation of a key resource is less clear in old-growth forests. We compared forest attributes (i.e., basal area, density of larger trees, density of dead trees, and tree cavity density) in second-growth and old-growth stands in Andean temperate rainforests in southern Chile. To examine the role of nest-site availability in limiting the populations of Aphrastura spinicauda (Thorn-Tailed Rayadito), we monitored their populations in both forest types during a 5-year period (2008-2013), while we conducted an experiment in which nest boxes were added and then, after two years, removed by blocking cavity entrances. In old-growth forests, as compared to second-growth forests, we found a more than double basal area (99.6 vs. 43.7 m2 ha−1), a 3 times higher density of larger trees (88.2 vs. 36.4 trees ha−1), and a 1.5 times higher number of small cavities (25.9 vs. 10.3 cavities ha−1). The density of cavities also strongly increased with tree diameter and basal area. In second-growth forests, A. spinicauda showed a strong response to the addition, and later to the removal of nest boxes, with population abundance increasing by 13% and then decreasing by 50%, respectively. In contrast, we found no impact on old-growth stands. Our experiment emphasizes the importance of maintaining large and dead trees in second-growth, disturbed, and managed forests. These trees provide suitable cavities for A. spinicauda, and likely many other secondary cavity nesters, increasing their abundance in a Globally significant Biodiversity Hotspot in southern South America. A Spanish translation of this manuscript is available as Supplementary Material.
Nonbreeding distributions of four declining Nearctic–Neotropical migrants are predicted to contract under future climate and socioeconomic scenarios
Authors: Brodie Ryan E , Bayly Nicholas J , González Ana M , Hightower Jessica , Larkin Jeffery L , Stewart Rebecca L M , Wilson Scott , Roth Amber M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Climate and land use/land cover change are expected to influence the stationary nonbreeding distributions of 4 Nearctic–Neotropical migrant bird species experiencing population declines: Cardellina canadensis (Canada Warbler), Setophaga cerulea (Cerulean Warbler), Vermivora chrysoptera (Golden-winged Warbler), and Hylocichla mustelina (Wood Thrush). Understanding how and where these species’ distributions shift in response to environmental drivers is critical to inform conservation planning in the Neotropics. For each species, we quantified current (2012 to 2021) and projected future (2050) suitable climatic and land use/land cover conditions as components of stationary nonbreeding distributions. Multi-source occurrence data were used in an ensemble modeling approach with covariates from 3 global coupled climate models (CMCC-ESM2, FIO-ESM-2-0, MIROC-ES2L) and 2 shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP2-RCP4.5, SSP5-RCP8.5) to predict distributions in response to varying climatic and land use/land cover conditions. Our findings suggest that distribution contraction, upslope elevational shifts in suitable conditions, and limited shifts in latitude and longitude will occur in 3 of 4 species. Cardellina canadensis and S. cerulea are expected to experience a moderate distribution contraction (7% to 29% and 19% to 43%, respectively), primarily in response to expected temperature changes. The V. chrysoptera distribution was modeled by sex, and females and males were projected to experience a major distribution contraction (56% to 79% loss in suitable conditions for females, 46% to 65% for males), accompanied by shifts in peak densities to higher elevations with minimal changes in the upper elevation limit. Expected changes in precipitation had the greatest effect on V. chrysoptera. Hylocichla mustelina experienced the smallest distribution change, consistent with the species’ flexibility in habitat selection and broader elevational range. We recommend defining priority areas for conservation as those where suitable conditions are expected to remain or arise in the next 25 years. For V. chrysoptera in particular, it is urgent to ensure that mid-elevation forests in Costa Rica and Honduras are adequately managed and protected.
Seeing Movement in Cinema
Authors: Oyallon-Koloski Jenny 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 provides a videographic introduction to Laban/Bartenieff Movement Studies and the taxonomic principles that guide Laban Movement Analysis. Through an explanatory approach to videographic form, this chapter uses voiceover, graphic and written annotations, and carefully chosen examples from the figure movement of these films to walk the viewer through the fundamentals of this movement system. Using examples from Singin’ in the Rain, An American in Paris, Top Hat, Stormy Weather, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, and Meet Me in St. Louis, this chapter breaks down the core categories of this movement system: Body, Effort, Space, and Shape. After discussing each category individually, it explains the intersections between elements through specific examples that illustrate how the performers in these films deliberately combine and isolate aspects of figure movement to convey their characters’ intentions.
Agency, Control, and Space
Authors: Oyallon-Koloski Jenny 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
West Side Story (1961) is a pivotal example of film musical form. Codirectors Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise use cinematic choreography and dance as powerful storytelling tools to illustrate the differences and similarities between the gangs of Sharks and Jets that fuel their escalating conflict. Despite a desire for narrative realism in portraying the tensions between the white and Latinx/o/a teenagers, West Side Story’s producers did not prioritize inclusive hiring practices in casting its Puerto Rican characters, and the film remains a multifaceted emblem of Hollywood’s patterns of cultural exclusion and essentialism. Those patterns of exclusion are also central to the narrative’s cinematic choreography. Emphasizing both the characters’ individuality and the importance of a collective cohesion, West Side Story uses cinematic choreography to show the Sharks’ and Jets’ mutual desire for their own space, while the Jets’ entitled dominance of their unwillingly shared environment demonstrates their violent resistance to change.
Endless Conversations
Authors: Oyallon-Koloski Jenny 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter draws attention to the inherent ways that genres create meaning by recycling, repeating, and engaging with figure movement material from their predecessors. Framing the inherent reflexivity of genre cinema and the citational practices of many genre films as a kind of conversation, this chapter draws attention to the stylistic and narrative conventions of musical films’ cinematic choreography. This videographic work develops in a poetic fashion, playfully using a cyclical approach, multiscreen audiovisual juxtapositions, and the epigraphic video essay genre to convey varied instances of intertextual connections between the films analyzed in this book and those that inspired them, leading us to the more fantastical diegetic departures the genre is known for.
The Pakaiviṭai Īśvaragṛhattu Mahādeva temple (PIM) and the Tiruttōṟṟamuṭaiyār of Maṉṉupperumpaḻuvūr
Authors: Gillet Valérie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The third chapter is devoted to the Pakaiviṭai Īśvaragṛhattu Mahādeva temple (PIM), about 275 metres to the west of the AIM. Data on this shrine are more difficult to interpret, due to their poor state and incompleteness. The Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyars do not appear much in the epigraphy of this shrine, but the community of the tēvaṉar makaḷs (daughters of god, who are temple servants and often dancers) attached to this temple is significantly involved in the donations. The chapter discusses another Śaiva shrine in this complex, the Tiruttōṟṟamuṭaiyār, now converted into a goddess’s shrine, that was built by the Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar king Kaṇṭaṉ Maṟavaṉ in the second half of the 10th century in the precincts of the PIM. This may indicate an attempt to integrate the PIM into the sphere of the little kings.
The Tiruvālantuṟai Mahādeva temple of Ciṟupaḻuvūr
Authors: Gillet Valérie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the fourth chapter, we shift to the east, in the modern Kīḻappaḻuvūr, to look at the Tiruvālantuṟai Mahādeva temple. The context significantly changes: we are now in a village temple with a Tamil name, located in a village of Brahmins, administered by the local Brahmin assembly, which attracts devotees from far away. The reconstruction in stone of this shrine is outlined: in the second half of the 10th century, the Śrīkāryam, an officer under the authority of the Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar, reconstructed the temple in stone, creating an elaborate and unique iconographical programme. Moreover, this is the only temple of the little kingdom where the Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyars themselves, kings and queens, are involved in the donations to this god, suggesting that they intend to tie themselves to this god who seems to be a powerful entity, for personal merit as well as for “local political” reasons.