bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposing a model to test smartphone users' intention to use smart applications when ordering food in restaurants
Authors: Okumus Bendegul , Bilgihan Anil 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of smartphone apps as tools to promote healthy eating behaviors, especially when ordering food and drinks in restaurants. This paper also aims to develop a conceptual model based on literature to test users' intention to use smartphone apps as tools to promote healthy eating habits.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article is written based on a synthesis of previous research in this area.

Findings
– Smartphone apps are innovative channels for delivering individual health behavior changes. They offer a range of services that can improve the daily habits of their users. Smartphone apps allow users to keep up with their diets, exercise routines, and overall health. Based on an extensive review, this paper develops a conceptual model that includes the precursors of actual usage of smartphone apps that may assist in building healthy eating habits.

Practical implications
– Restaurants are advised to consider developing apps that includes nutritional facts about their menu items. These apps could be used for both consumer education and marketing efforts. The conceptual framework developed in this paper suggests that perceived enjoyment, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, self-efficacy and social norms are the antecedents of intention to use these apps.

Originality/value
– This is one of the first studies in the foodservice and nutrition fields that looks at the smartphone apps' impact on healthy eating. It offers practical implications for restaurateurs and smartphone app developers. In addition, this is one of the first papers that offers a model to test smartphone users' intention to use smartphone apps when ordering food and drinks in restaurants.
Made in Bangladesh: challenges to the ready-made garment industry
Authors: Ramesh Kurpad Meenakshi 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The primary aim of this paper is to evaluate the challenges before the growth of the ready-made garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh, the economy's backbone, and suggest appropriate reform.Design/methodology/approach– The paper begins by tracing the growth and evolution of the RMG industry before identifying the challenges. It then proceeds to suggest appropriate reform for the same.Findings– The paper argues for more effective models of collective bargaining and unionism as a solution to the problems that the industry faces.Originality/value– The paper is the first of its kind in the sense that it is a comprehensive account of the challenges to the RMG industry in Bangladesh.
Development of SVM rapid prototyping for scaffold fabrication
Authors: Phattanaphibul Thittikorn , Koomsap Pisut , Idram Irwansyah , Nachaisit Suchart 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to introduce selective vacuum manufacturing (SVM), a powder-based rapid prototyping (RP) technique, and the ongoing development to improve its capability to apply in temporary scaffold fabrication.

Design/methodology/approach
– SVM employs a combination of sand casting and powder sintering process to construct a prototype layer by layer. A dense layer of support material is prepared and selectively removed to create a cavity where part material is filled and sintered to form a solid layer. In order for SVM to be considered for scaffold fabrication, besides preparing poly-lactic acid (PLA) for part material, support material preparation and process parameters identification have been studied. Redesigning of SVM machine to be more suitable for the real usage has also been presented.

Findings
– Particle size of salt has been controlled, and its suitable composition with flour and water has been determined. Process parameters have been identified to scale down the size of scaffolds to meso-scale and to achieve mechanical requirement. Properties of fabricated scaffolds have been enhanced and can be used for soft tissue applications. A prototype of the medical SVM machine has been constructed and tested. An examination of scaffolds fabricated on this new machine also showed their qualification for soft tissue application.

Research limitations/implications
– Further study will be on conducting a direct cytotoxicity test to provide the evidence for tissue growth before the clinical usage, on continuing to scaling down the scaffold size, and on improving SVM to meet the requirement of hard tissue.

Originality/value
– This simple, inexpensive RP technique demonstrates its viability for scaffold fabrication.
Psychosocial job strain and risk of congenital malformations in offspring—a Danish National cohort study
Authors: Larsen AD , Hannerz H , Thulstrup AM , Bonde JP , Obel C , Hougaard KS 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate if maternal exposure to psychosocial job strain at work (high demands and low control) measured by questionnaire early in pregnancy (median week 15) is associated with malformations in the offspring.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingThe Danish National Birth Cohort.PopulationA cohort of 60 386 singleton children with full information on mother's occupational status, exposure to psychosocial job strain and all covariates during pregnancy.MethodsLogistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds of congenital malformations as a function of job strain with adjustment for maternal age, body mass index, parity, smoking, alcohol use, manual versus nonmanual work, maternal serious disease and gestational age at interview.Main outcome measuresCirculatory malformation, musculoskeletal malformation or any malformation.ResultsLogistic regression analyses, both crude and adjusted, indicated no associations between working under high strain and giving birth to a child with circulatory malformation (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.75–1.44), musculoskeletal malformation (aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.71–1.10) or any malformation (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.85–1.15). Supplementary analyses including restriction to first‐borns and a stratified analysis with respect to manual and nonmanual work did not change the results.ConclusionsAssociation between exposure to high job strain during pregnancy and elevated risk of circulatory, muscle and any malformations is not supported by this study.
Gross tumour volume variations in primary non‐small‐cell lung cancer during the course of treatment with stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Gunter T , Ali I , Matthiesen C , Machiorlatti M , Thompson D , Algan O 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroductionWe aim to quantify the variations in the gross tumour volume (GTV) during a course of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and determine its impact on dosimetric coverage of the GTV.MethodsThe GTVs and dose coverage for 14 patients with 16 primary non‐small‐cell lung tumours treated with SBRT were investigated. Initial GTVs were calculated from treatment planning CT scans. The prescribed doses ranged from 48 to 60 Gy in three to five fractions. Before each treatment, patients underwent a CBCT scan. For each CBCT scan, the GTV and the dose received by the GTV were determined and followed during the course of therapy.ResultsThere was considerable variation in the measured GTVs during the course of therapy. Increases of up to 63.3% of volume measured by initial CBCT were detected during the first few fractions, after which GTV tended to decrease. Dose coverage (V95) for any given fraction deviated no more than 5% from optimised coverage obtained in the initial treatment plan. In the long term, all patients with follow‐up scans demonstrated tumour shrinkage with no radiographic evidence of tumour recurrence.ConclusionGTV, as evaluated in this study, demonstrates an initial increase in volume followed by a subsequent decrease. This volume change needs to be considered in the design of treatment plans and assignment of treatment margins.
50 years of bat tracking: device attachment and future directions
Authors: O'Mara M. Teague , Wikelski Martin , Dechmann Dina K.N. 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Radiotelemetry and satellite‐based telemetry approaches are essential to describe the behaviour and biology of animals. This is especially true for bats, whose small size and cryptic lifestyles make them challenging to study. However, only a handful of studies have evaluated how transmitter mass and the attachment method affect bat behaviour or health, and none have assessed the development of technical methods in the field.

We review the past 50 years of bat tracking studies to determine how devices have been attached, how guidelines have been followed or changed, and whether any health or fitness impacts from these transmitters can be determined.

Half of the nearly 300 studies available used devices heavier than the recommended 5% of body mass with minimal justification. Devices were typically glued directly to the backs of small bats and remained attached for 9 days. This is far shorter than battery life span of most devices. Little information is available regarding the overall impact of attaching transmitters on the health, survival and reproductive success of bats, and there has been little development in attachment methods since the first tracking studies.

We consequently developed a collar for small bats with a degradable weak link and tested it on several species. The collar worked successfully on three of four species. This allows longer habituation and tracking times while ensuring that the device drops off after the battery expires.

Future studies will need to invest more effort in assessing potential long‐term effects of tracking. They also need to build upon previous knowledge to find the best attachment method, size and shape for their study species to effectively improve wildlife tracking.
Induction of oxidative stress causes functional alterations in mouse urothelium via a TRPM8‐mediated mechanism: implications for aging
Authors: Nocchi Linda , Daly Donna M. , Chapple Christopher , Grundy David 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe incidence of bladder conditions such as overactive bladder syndrome and its associated urinary incontinence is highly prevalent in the elderly. However, the mechanisms underlying these disorders are unclear. Studies suggest that the urothelium forms a ‘sensory network’ with the underlying innervation, alterations in which, could compromise bladder function. As the accumulation of reactive oxygen species can cause functional alterations with age, the aim of this study was to investigate whether oxidative stress alters urothelial sensory signalling and whether the mechanism underlying the effect of oxidative stress on the urothelium plays a role in aging. Five‐month‐old(young) and 24‐month‐old (aged) mice were used. H2O2, used to induce oxidative stress, resulted in an increase in bladder afferent nerve activity and urothelial intracellular calcium in preparations from young mice. These functional changes were concurrent with upregulation of TRPM8 in the urothelium. Moreover, application of a TRPM8 antagonist significantly attenuated the H2O2‐induced calcium responses. Interestingly, an upregulation of TRPM8 was also found in the urothelium from aged mice, where high oxidative stress levels were observed, together with a greater calcium response to the TRPM8 agonist WS12. Furthermore, these calcium responses were attenuated by pretreatment with the antioxidant N‐acetyl‐cysteine. This study shows that oxidative stress affects urothelial function involving a TRPM8‐mediated mechanism and these effects may have important implications for aging. These data provide an insight into the possible mechanisms by which oxidative stress causes physiological alterations in the bladder, which may also occur in other organs susceptible to aging.
Luteinizing Hormone Contributes to Fetal Tolerance by Regulating Adaptive Immune Responses
Authors: Schumacher Anne , Poloski Eileen , Spörke Dominique , Zenclussen Ana C. 
Published: March 2014

ProblemPregnancy hormones were proposed to be crucially involved in fetal tolerance. Recently, we showed that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) not only increases the number and activity of regulatory T cells (Treg) but also retains tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs). Here, we investigate whether the highly homologous luteinizing hormone (LH) modulates Treg number and DC phenotype and thereby supports pregnancy.Method of studyAbortion‐prone females were treated with LH or PBS on different gestation days. Pregnancy outcome and the number and phenotype of Treg and DCs were evaluated in the periphery and locally.ResultsWe discovered that LH application completely prevented fetal rejection in abortion‐prone females. This protective effect was associated with a Treg augmentation peripherally and locally. Moreover, LH reduced the number of total and mature DCs.ConclusionOur data suggest that LH, similar to hCG, is involved in the regulation of adaptive immune responses, thus contributing to fetal tolerance.
Single‐incision laparoscopic hernioplasty versus multi‐incision laparoscopic hernioplasty: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Lai Hao , Li Guojian , Xiao Jun , Lin Yuan , Lu Bangyu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic hernioplasty is the gold standard treatment for inguinal hernias. Recently, single‐incision laparoscopic hernioplasty (SILH) has been suggested as an alternative technique. It is not evident whether the benefits of this procedure overcome the potential increased risk.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of SILH with conventional multi‐incision laparoscopic hernioplasty (MILH) using a meta‐analysis of available controlled clinical trials.MethodsEligible articles were identified by searching several databases including Embase, Cochrane, PubMed and Google Scholar databases, up until May 2013. Evaluated outcomes were operative time, post‐operative hospital stay, complications, conversion and recurrence.ResultsEight controlled clinical trials on 926 patients were randomized to either SILH (495 patients) or MILH (431 patients) for meta‐analysis. Overall, there was no significant difference between SILH and MILH in complications, operative time for bilateral inguinal hernia repair, hospital stay, short‐term recurrence or conversions. However, the operative time for unilateral inguinal hernia repair was significantly longer for SILH than for MILH (standardized mean difference 0.23 (95% confidence interval: 0.09–0.38); P = 0.00, I2 = 73.6%).ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis showed that SILH is feasible and safe in certain patients when compared to MILH, and carries a similar outcome, with the exception of longer operative times for unilateral inguinal hernia repair. Additional high‐powered randomized trials are needed to determine whether SILH truly offers any advantages; these future studies should focus particularly on failure of technique, pain score, analgesia requirements, cosmesis and quality of life.
Diet and Geophagy Across a Western Amazonian Parrot Assemblage
Authors: Lee Alan T. K. , Brightsmith Donald J. , Vargas Mario P. , Leon Karina Q. , Mejia Aldo J. , Marsden Stuart J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe identified species‐ and community‐level dietary characteristics for a species‐rich Amazonian parrot assemblage to determine relationships among dietary metrics and use of geophagy sites. Previous studies suggest that soil is consumed at geophagy sites in this region mainly to supplement dietary sodium. We accumulated 1400 feeding records for 16 parrot species over 2 yr and found that seeds, flowers, and fruit pulp featured prominently in diets, while bark, insects, and lichen were consumed in small quantities. Food availability across 1819 trees was measured, and we found that flower availability was highest in the dry season and fruit production peaked in the wet season, but that phenology patterns of the 20 most commonly foraged plant species suggest no serious food bottlenecks. Partitioning of available food resources among the 13 most commonly encountered parrots is suggested by an ordination analysis (DCA), which placed the large macaws (Ara) with the Amazona parrots at the ‘primary forest’ end of a dietary resource axis and four smaller species at the ‘successional forest’ end of the axis. Parrot species associated with successional forest also consumed less plant species overall. Furthermore, these parrot species consuming successional forest resources had higher claylick visitation rates than those consuming primary forest resources suggesting they derive the greatest benefits from soil consumption.
Bone resorption facilitates osteoblastic bone metastatic colonization by cooperation of insulin‐like growth factor and hypoxia
Authors: Kuchimaru Takahiro , Hoshino Takuya , Aikawa Tomoya , Yasuda Hisataka , Kobayashi Tatsuya , Kadonosono Tetsuya , Kizaka‐Kondoh Shinae 
Published: March 2014

Bone metastasis is a multistep process that includes cancer cell dissemination, colonization, and metastatic growth. Furthermore, this process involves complex, reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment. Bone resorption is known to be involved in both osteolytic and osteoblastic bone metastasis. However, the precise roles of the bone resorption in the multistep process of osteoblastic bone metastasis remain unidentified. In this study, we show that bone resorption plays important roles in cancer cell colonization during the initial stage of osteoblastic bone metastasis. We applied bioluminescence/X‐ray computed tomography multimodal imaging that allows us to spatiotemporally analyze metastasized cancer cells and bone status in osteoblastic bone metastasis models. We found that treatment with receptor activator of factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) increased osteoblastic bone metastasis when given at the same time as intracardiac injection of cancer cells, but failed to increase metastasis when given 4 days after cancer cell injection, suggesting that RANKL‐induced bone resorption facilitates growth of cancer cells colonized in the bone. We show that insulin‐like growth factor‐1 released from the bone during bone resorption and hypoxia‐inducible factor activity in cancer cells cooperatively promoted survival and proliferation of cancer cells in bone marrow. These results suggest a mechanism that bone resorption and hypoxic stress in the bone microenvironment cooperatively play an important role in establishing osteoblastic metastasis.
The vestibulo‐ and preposito‐cerebellar cholinergic neurons of a ChAT‐tdTomato transgenic rat exhibit heterogeneous firing properties and the expression of various neurotransmitter receptors
Authors: Zhang Yue , Kaneko Ryosuke , Yanagawa Yuchio , Saito Yasuhiko 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCerebellar function is regulated by cholinergic mossy fiber inputs that are primarily derived from the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and prepositus hypoglossi nucleus (PHN). In contrast to the growing evidence surrounding cholinergic transmission and its functional significance in the cerebellum, the intrinsic and synaptic properties of cholinergic projection neurons (ChPNs) have not been clarified. In this study, we generated choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)‐tdTomato transgenic rats, which specifically express the fluorescent protein tdTomato in cholinergic neurons, and used them to investigate the response properties of ChPNs identified via retrograde labeling using whole‐cell recordings in brainstem slices. In response to current pulses, ChPNs exhibited two afterhyperpolarisation (AHP) profiles and three firing patterns; the predominant AHP and firing properties differed between the MVN and PHN. Morphologically, the ChPNs were separated into two types based on their soma size and dendritic extensions. Analyses of the firing responses to time‐varying sinusoidal current stimuli revealed that ChPNs exhibited different firing modes depending on the input frequencies. The maximum frequencies in which each firing mode was observed were different between the neurons that exhibited distinct firing patterns. Analyses of the current responses to the application of neurotransmitter receptor agonists revealed that the ChPNs expressed (i) AMPA‐ and NMDA‐type glutamate receptors, (ii) GABAA and glycine receptors, and (iii) muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The current responses mediated by these receptors of MVN ChPNs were not different from those of PHN ChPNs. These findings suggest that ChPNs receive various synaptic inputs and encode those inputs appropriately across different frequencies.
Object size modulates fronto‐parietal activity during reaching movements
Authors: Tarantino Vincenza , De Sanctis Teresa , Straulino Elisa , Begliomini Chiara , Castiello Umberto 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn both monkeys and humans, reaching‐related sensorimotor transformations involve the activation of a wide fronto‐parietal network. Recent neurophysiological evidence suggests that some components of this network host not only neurons encoding the direction of arm reaching movements, but also neurons whose involvement is modulated by the intrinsic features of an object (e.g. size and shape). To date, it has yet to be investigated whether a similar modulation is evident in the human reaching‐related areas. To fill this gap, we asked participants to reach towards either a small or a large object while kinematic and electroencephalographic signals were recorded. Behavioral results showed that the precision requirements were taken into account and the kinematics of reaching was modulated depending on the object size. Similarly, reaching‐related neural activity at the level of the posterior parietal and premotor cortices was modulated by the level of accuracy determined by object size. We therefore conclude that object size is engaged in the neural computations for reach planning and execution, consistent with the results from physiological studies in non‐human primates.
Post‐Contest Stridulation Used Exclusively as a Victory Display in Mangrove Crabs
Authors: Chen Paul Z. , Carrasco Luis R. , Ng Peter K. L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVictory or triumph display is a post‐contest signal, performed only by winners and not by losers. While much is unknown about its function, there is mounting evidence that victory displays are widespread among animals. However, evidence remains anecdotal in crabs. Sesarmid crabs belonging to the genera Parasesarma and Perisesarma are known to have characteristic stridulatory structures on their chelipeds. In Perisesarma eumolpe, a mangrove crab, stridulation has been anecdotally purported as a triumph display. We examined whether stridulation in P. eumolpe is a victory display and the factors affecting it by staging 17 contest trials among males and investigating the factors influencing stridulations and fight outcome in 55 fights. Using generalised linear mixed‐effects models, we find that stridulations were generally performed by winners and after fights, especially when the fights were intense. In addition, stridulation was only observed in the context of a contest, never before or outside of it. Stridulation in P. eumolpe is likely a victory display, and, unlike other forms of victory display described for other species, it appears exclusively used for asserting victory.