bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma panel‐based radiation detectors
Authors: Friedman Peter , Ball Robert , Beene James , Benhammou Yan , Ben‐Moshe Meny , Bentefour Hassan , Chapman J. W. , Etzion Erez , Ferretti Claudio , Levin Daniel , Silver Yiftah , Varner Robert , Weaverdyck Curtis , Zhou Bing 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe plasma panel sensor (PPS) is a gaseous micropattern radiation detector under current development. It has many operational and fabrication principles common to plasma display panels. It comprises a dense matrix of small, gas plasma discharge cells within a hermetically sealed panel. As in plasma display panels, it uses nonreactive, intrinsically radiation‐hard materials such as glass substrates, refractory metal electrodes, and mostly inert gas mixtures. We are developing these devices primarily as thin, low‐mass detectors with gas gaps from a few hundred microns to a few millimeters. The PPS is a high gain, inherently digital device with the potential for fast response times, fine position resolution (<50‐µm RMS) and low cost. In this paper, we report on prototype PPS experimental results in detecting betas, protons, and cosmic muons, and we extrapolate on the PPS potential for applications including the detection of alphas, heavy ions at low‐to‐medium energy, thermal neutrons, and X‐rays.
Quantitative analysis of organic vocal fold pathologies in females by high‐speed endoscopy
Authors: Bohr Christopher , Kraeck Angelika , Eysholdt Ulrich , Ziethe Anke , Döllinger Michael 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisQuantitative analysis of endoscopic high‐speed video recordings of vocal fold vibrations has been growing in importance in recent years. The videos have mainly been analyzed using subjective evaluation, but this is examiner dependent, and the results show inadequate interobserver agreement. The aims of this study were therefore to identify appropriate objective parameters for analyzing high‐speed recordings to differentiate healthy voice production from organic disorders.Study Design MethodsA total of 152 females were examined, divided into 77 healthy and 75 with four different pathological conditions: laryngeal epithelial thickening, Reinke edema, vocal fold polyps, and vocal fold cysts. Vocal fold vibrations were recorded with a high‐speed camera (4,000 Hz, 256 × 256 pixels) during sustained phonation. Parameters computed from the glottal area waveform (GAW) and from phonovibrogram (PVG) were analyzed. Multiparametric linear discriminant analysis was performed to classify pathological conditions versus the healthy group.ResultsTwenty of 44 parameters were identified that are capable of distinguishing between the individual types of pathology. PVG parameters showed better performance than GAW parameters. Parameters representing vibrational periodicity via standard deviation showed better performance than absolute parameters. In addition, linear discriminant analysis achieved reliable differentiation between healthy and pathological vocal fold vibrations: 72% for the five‐class problem (all groups separately) and 88% for the two‐class problem (healthy vs. all pathologies taken as one class).ConclusionsThe study succeeded in defining objective parameters for analyzing endoscopic high‐speed videos and suggesting first parameters for differentiation between healthy dynamics and dynamics of organic pathologies.Level of Evidence3b
Postdeglutitive residue in idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Narajos Nena , Samejima Yasuhiro , Kumai Yoshihiko , Yumoto Eiji 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo quantitate postdeglutitive residue and determine its association with paralysis duration (≤6 vs. ≥6 months) in patients with idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).Study DesignPrimary institutional retrospective review.MethodsTwenty patients (mean age, 72 years) with idiopathic UVFP and 13 patients (mean age, 66 years) with isolated recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP) who underwent videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSSs) were included. Vallecular and pyriform sinus (PS) residues in the anteroposterior view were analyzed quantitatively. In both regions, the symmetry of the affected versus nonaffected sides between patients with idiopathic UVFP and RLNP were compared. Residual differences between short‐ versus long‐term paralysis duration in idiopathic UVFP patients alone were also evaluated.ResultsThe affected PS of the idiopathic group demonstrated significantly increased residue (P = .007) as compared with the nonaffected PS, but with no significant difference with respect to the vallecula (P = .183). There was no significant difference in the RLNP group. When compared with RLNP patients, the idiopathic group showed significantly increased residue on the affected PS (P = .002), but differences in the vallecular residue were nonsignificant. Pharyngeal residue and the duration of paralysis in idiopathic UVFP patients were not significantly different.ConclusionsIdiopathic UVFP patients were more likely to demonstrate increased residue and asymmetry toward the involved region as compared with RLNP patients, suggesting that nerve involvement in idiopathic UVFP may not be exclusive to the RLN.Laryngoscope, 123:2776–2779, 2013
Incremental health care utilization and costs for acute otitis media in children
Authors: Ahmed Sameer , Shapiro Nina L. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine the incremental health care costs associated with the diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) in children.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of a national health‐care cost database.MethodsPediatric patients (age < 18 years) were examined from the 2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. From the linked medical conditions file, cases with a diagnosis of AOM were extracted, along with comorbid conditions. Ambulatory visit rates, prescription refills, and ambulatory health care costs were then compared between children with and without a diagnosis of AOM, adjusting for age, sex, region, race, ethnicity, insurance coverage, and Charlson comorbidity Index.ResultsA total of 8.7 ± 0.4 million children were diagnosed with AOM (10.7 ± 0.4% annually, mean age 5.3 years, 51.3% male) among 81.5 ± 2.3 million children sampled (mean age 8.9 years, 51.3% male). Children with AOM manifested an additional +2.0 office visits, +0.2 emergency department visits, and +1.6 prescription fills (all P <0.001) per year versus those without AOM, adjusting for demographics and medical comorbidities. Similarly, AOM was associated with an incremental increase in outpatient health care costs of $314 per child annually (P <0.001) and an increase of $17 in patient medication costs (P <0.001), but was not associated with an increase in total prescription expenses ($13, P = 0.766).ConclusionsThe diagnosis of AOM confers a significant incremental health‐care utilization burden on both patients and the health care system. With its high prevalence across the United States, pediatric AOM accounts for approximately $2.88 billion in added health care expense annually and is a significant health‐care utilization concern.Level of Evidence2C. Laryngoscope, 124:301–305, 2014
Perioperative process errors and delays in otolaryngology at a Veterans Hospital: Prospective study
Authors: Dedhia Raj C. , Shwaish Kawa , Snyderman Carl H. , Monte Robert , Eibling David E. 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo understand the leading causes for process errors and delays in the otolaryngology operating room and recognize the impact of process errors and delays on patient safety, operating room resources and hospital costs.Study DesignProspective, observational study.MethodsA 4‐week study was conducted during 1 calendar month in 2012, evaluating 23 elective otolaryngology cases. A standardized data collection tool was developed and refined based on prestudy pilot observations. Two trained observers recorded relevant times and actions from patient check‐in time in the preoperative holding area to the “wheels out” time.ResultsThe mean case observation time was 220.0 ± 167.8 minutes, with mean duration of operation length being 107.0 ± 146.2 minutes. The perioperative period was divided into six stages: patient holding, room preparation, preintubation, postintubation, intraoperative, and postextubation. One hundred process errors were recorded (average of 4.3 per case), 34% of which were due to communication failures. Forty delays were observed, resulting in 336 minutes of standstill delay. Again, communication failures represented the most common etiology, with 17 communication failures resulting in 146 minutes of standstill delay. The preintubation stage was most affected by delay, with 1 in 6 minutes comprising standstill delay.ConclusionProcess errors and significant delays were common in cases performed at our institution; communication errors were the most common etiology. There is opportunity for preoperative team discussion and the use of technology to minimize communication‐related process errors and standstill delays. Further work is currently being undertaken to study this critical issue across specialties.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 123:3010–3015, 2013
Comparison of hyperpolarized 3He and 129Xe MRI for the measurement of absolute ventilated lung volume in rats
Authors: Fox Matthew S. , Ouriadov Alexei , Santyr Giles E. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeMRI using hyperpolarized noble gases, 3He and 129Xe, provides noninvasive assessments of lung structure and function. Previous work demonstrated that absolute ventilated lung volumes (aVLV) measured in rats using hyperpolarized 3He agree well with micro‐CT.MethodsIn this work, aVLV measurements were performed in rats using hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI and compared with hyperpolarized 3He measurements of aVLV under matched ventilation conditions. Whole‐lung compliance was also determined. Partial volume, apparent diffusion coefficient, and effective transverse relaxation time corrections were applied during postprocessing to reduce bias between methods.ResultsMean apparent diffusion coefficient of the trachea was 0.83 ± 0.09 cm2/s and 0.067 ± 0.011 cm2/s for 3He and 129Xe, respectively. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient of parenchyma was 0.21 ± 0.07 cm2/s and 0.027 ± 0.008 cm2/s for 3He and 129Xe, respectively. Mean transverse relaxation time values were 1.57 ± 0.25 ms and 2.80 ± 0.25 ms for 3He and 129Xe, respectively, in a model trachea and 3.18 ± 1.00 ms and 4.88 ± 0.60 ms for 3He and 129Xe, respectively, for lung parenchyma. Mean aVLV values were 7.07 ± 0.67 mL and 6.99 ± 1.00 mL at 14 cmH2O and 4.88 ± 0.71 mL and 5.36 ± 0.76 mL at 10 cmH2O obtained with 3He and 129Xe, respectively, demonstrating good agreement between 129Xe and 3He.Conclusions129Xe offers an important alternative to 3He for hyperpolarized gas MRI of aVLV in rats. Magn Reson Med 71:1130–1136, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Invasive fibroblasts: Fundamental difference between sporadic inclusion body myositis and polymyositis
Authors: Doppler Kathrin , Pantazis Georgios , Lindner Alfred , Mack Andreas , Bornemann Antje 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is a progressive disease that leads to extensive muscle weakness. The aim of this study was to determine whether the number and distribution of fibroblasts differ in sIBM when compared with polymyositis. Methods: Immunofluorescence double labeling was performed on 35 biopsies with antibodies directed against perlecan and CD90, procollagen I, CD34, and CD105. In addition, nonserial ultrathin sections were studied from 3 biopsies of each condition. Results: Fibroblasts expressing CD90 and CD34 accumulated in the endomysial compartment in polymyositis and sIBM. In addition, cells expressing CD90 were found beneath the basal lamina in both conditions. At the ultrastructural level in polymyositis, fibroblasts invaded the myofiber, with focal destruction of the basement membrane. In sIBM, by contrast, invasive fibroblasts were ensheathed by the intact myofiber basement membrane. Conclusions: The impact of intruding fibroblasts on satellite cells remains to be established. Muscle Nerve 49: 175–180, 2014
Simple electrodiagnostic method for morton neuroma
Authors: Aydinlar Elif Ilgaz , Uzun Metin , Beksac Burak , Ozden Vahit Emre , Karaarslan Ercan , Oge A. Emre 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We describe a simple and quickly applied electrodiagnostic method for confirming the diagnosis of interdigital neuropathy caused by Morton neuroma (MN). Methods: Interdigital nerves II–III and III–IV were stimulated with surface electrodes simultaneously touching the lateral side of 1 toe and the medial side of the other. Recording was also made with surface electrodes. The results of 20 normal controls and 14 patients with MN were evaluated. Results: The amplitude and peak latency values elicited in the patients as well as the interside differences revealed an acceptable abnormality rate between 57.1% and 71.4%. Conclusions: Although the most popular and effective method of MN diagnosis is clinical evaluation supported by imaging, electrophysiological studies can, in selected patients, provide valuable information. Muscle Nerve 49: 193–197, 2014
Detection rates of the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme (FASP) 11 key conditions in one unit: is the recommended annual audit of any value?
Authors: Tydeman Graham , Clegg Isobel , Brown Sharon 
Published: May 2013

What's already known on this topic?

Detection rates of some of the prenatal conditions have been established only from long term regional or national studies.
No previous published work has evaluated whether the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme recommendation that individual units should annually audit their detection rates of 11 major conditions is of value.What does this study add?

As they stand, the UK national recommendations for annual audit are of minimal value in the short term.
Conditions of low prevalence and high detection rate are the least useful indicators of performance.
We suggest that the auditing recommendations could be improved by grouping conditions and by expanding the target gestational age (e.g. up to 21 weeks rather than within the 18–20 + 6 period recommended by Fetal Anomaly Scan).
Systematic optimization model and algorithm for binding sequence selection in computational enzyme design
Authors: Huang Xiaoqiang , Han Kehang , Zhu Yushan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA systematic optimization model for binding sequence selection in computational enzyme design was developed based on the transition state theory of enzyme catalysis and graph‐theoretical modeling. The saddle point on the free energy surface of the reaction system was represented by catalytic geometrical constraints, and the binding energy between the active site and transition state was minimized to reduce the activation energy barrier. The resulting hyperscale combinatorial optimization problem was tackled using a novel heuristic global optimization algorithm, which was inspired and tested by the protein core sequence selection problem. The sequence recapitulation tests on native active sites for two enzyme catalyzed hydrolytic reactions were applied to evaluate the predictive power of the design methodology. The results of the calculation show that most of the native binding sites can be successfully identified if the catalytic geometrical constraints and the structural motifs of the substrate are taken into account. Reliably predicting active site sequences may have significant implications for the creation of novel enzymes that are capable of catalyzing targeted chemical reactions.
PSA screening and deaths from prostate cancer after diagnosis—a population based analysis
Authors: Wachtel Mitchell S. , Nelius Thomas , Haynes Allan L. , Dahlbeck Scott , de Riese Werner 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe United States Preventative Health Task Force recently recommended prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening be abandoned, believing the results of prior studies failed to show benefits that outweighed risks. Prior analyses did not include a complete 10 year follow‐up in their analyses.METHODSSEER rate sessions were used to obtain for US White and Black men age‐adjusted incidence rates for prostate cancer, in total and by loco‐regional and distant (D2) spread for 1983–2009, as well as for prostate cancer diagnoses with associated prostate cancer deaths within 10 years of diagnosis (incidence based mortality rates) for 1983–1999. The SEER‐Stat Program was used to tabulate rate estimates and calculate standard errors. The Joinpoint Regression Program was used to provide estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of annual percent changes (APC) and times at which APC changed (joinpoints), as well as to test for parallelism to see if APC's differed between groups of rates.RESULTSAll analyses showed a 1991–1993 joinpoint, consistent with an impact of PSA screening. Between 1991 and 1999, incidence based mortality rates showed a decline for Whites of 10.9% (CI 9.2%–12.7%) and for Blacks of 11.6% (CI 9.7%–13.4%); incidence based mortality and D2 spread rate curves were similar (P > 0.05, test for parallelism).CONCLUSIONIncidence based mortality declined by about 10% per year between 1991 and 1999 in a fashion similar to that of D2 spread, but not loco‐regional spread or overall, incidence. Prostate 73:1365–1369, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic toxicity of dillapiol and spinosad larvicides in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Aciole Eliezer H Pires , Guimarães Nilza N , Silva Andre S , Amorim Erima M , Nunomura Sergio M , Garcia Ana Cristina L , Cunha Kênya S , Rohde Claudia 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigher rates of diseases transmitted from insects to humans led to the increased use of organophosphate insecticides, proven to be harmful to human health and the environment. New, more effective chemical formulations with minimum genetic toxicity effects have become the object of intense research. These formulations include larvicides derived from plant extracts such as dillapiol, a phenylpropanoid extracted from Piper aduncum, and from microorganisms such as spinosad, formed by spinosyns A and D derived from the Saccharopolyspora spinosa fermentation process. This study investigated the genotoxicity of dillapiol and spinosad, characterising and quantifying mutation events and chromosomal and/or mitotic recombination using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in wings of Drosophila melanogaster.RESULTSStandard cross larvae (72 days old) were treated with different dillapiol and spinosad concentrations. Both compounds presented positive genetic toxicity, mainly as mitotic recombination events. Distilled water and doxorubicin were used as negative and positive controls respectively.CONCLUSIONSpinosad was 14 times more genotoxic than dillapiol, and the effect was found to be purely recombinogenic. However, more studies on the potential risks of insecticides such as spinosad and dillapiol are necessary, based on other experimental models and methodologies, to ensure safe use. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Steps towards removing some obstacles of industrialization of CIGS solar cells
Authors: Hwang Huey‐Liang , Tseng Bae‐Heng , Jagadhamma Letha Ayra , Zhang Yafei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFundamental obstacles such as low production yields, non‐reproducibility, and non‐uniformity over large area are encountered in the commercialization of copper indium gallium (di) selenide (CIGS) solar cell. The precise control and manipulation of the thin film's local chemical compositional distribution during production is particularly difficult. In this paper, we develop a concept of metal organic (MO) sputtering using metal organic precursor in which the film compositions could be fine‐tuned and tailored according to programmed intelligent material and device design. An essential feedback control of the film compositions using optical spectroscopy is crucial. Moreover, the addition of sulfur to enlarge the band gap of CIGS film is indispensable to improve the cell efficiency. We are also developing the chemical sulfurization technique, in which the sulfur and selenium atoms are interchanged in solution at room temperature and large band gap copper indium gallium sulfur‐selenide (CIGSS) films can be obtained. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ge content dependence of radiation damage in Si1‐xGex source/drain p‐type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors
Authors: Nakashima Toshiyuki , Yoneoka Masashi , Tsunoda Isao , Takakura Kenichiro , Gonzalez Mireia Bargallo , Simoen Eddy , Claeys Cor , Yoshino Kenji 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe 2‐MeV electron radiation damage of Si1‐xGex source/drain (S/D) p‐type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (p‐MOSFETs) with different Ge contents is studied. Before electron irradiation, an enhancement of the hole mobility with Ge content of the S/D stressors is clearly observed. On the other hand, after electron irradiation, the drain current and the maximum hole mobility decreases with increasing electron fluence for all Ge contents, because of lattice defects are introduced by the electron irradiation in the Si channel. The threshold voltage shifts and the maximum hole mobility degradation is independent on the Ge content for all electron fluences. These results indicate that the strain‐induced hole mobility enhancement due to Ge doping is retained after electron irradiation in the studied device structure. This indicates that the compressive strain is maintained in the channel. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recycling of CIGS absorber layer for deposition of CIGS film
Authors: Miyazaki Hisashi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe tried to recycle CIGS thin film solar cell absorber layer as a deposition source. The deposition source is peeled off from Mo/SLG substrate. The recycled‐CIGS films were evaluated by XRD, Raman scattering spectroscopy, and SEM. As compared with high‐efficiency CIGS films, the XRD patterns and Raman spectra show that the crystallinity of deposited CIGS film using peeling‐off powders was similar. A secondary phase is not generated on the surface of the deposited CIGS film by SEM observation. From these results, we thought that the CIGS materials from solar cell structures were able to be recycled for new solar cell absorber layer. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin‐polarized exciton transfer in Zn‐Cd‐Mn‐Se multi quantum wells
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Iwasaki Fumiaki , Hishikawa Masao , Fukasawa Sakyo , Muranaka Tsutomu , Nabetani Yoichi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFour‐quantum‐well structure consisting of a ZnCdMnSe diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) well and three ZnCdSe non‐magnetic semiconductor (NMS) wells separated by 15 nm‐thick ZnSe barrier layers were prepared by using ALE and MBE technique. The sample was excited by CW and pulse lasers with photon energy larger than the barrier layer band gap, and circularly polarized PL spectra due to recombination of excitons localized in each well were measured as a function of external magnetic field in the Faraday geometry up to 8 T at 4 K. The PL from the NMS well next to the DMS well and from the NMS well next‐but‐one to the DMS well showed positive circular polarization due to LO phonon assisted transfer of positively spin polarized excitons from the DMS well to the NMS wells. The two NMS wells showed different magnetic field dependence of the degree of circular polarization of PL, which suggested that the exciton transfer from the DMS well to the NMS well next‐but‐one was governed by direct interaction between the two wells, not by cascade transfer process. The degree of circular polarization of PL from the NMS wells increased from zero to 20∼30% after pulse excitation. Raise time of the polarization degree was discussed on the basis of the difference of distance between the NMS well and the DMS well. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)