bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child Death Reviews: Developing CLEAR Recommendations
Authors: Buckley Helen , O'Nolan Caroline 
Published: April 2014

This paper is based on a study commissioned by the Department of Children and Youth Affairs in Ireland. It addresses the topic of recommendations emanating from child death inquiries and reviews; it looks at the factors which privilege some recommendations over others when it comes to implementation and explores whether a more collaborative approach to development might be more beneficial. As part of the study, the researchers to propose a new model for developing recommendations which will address the complexity of child protection practice, reflect its core principles and promote learning.‘New model for developing recommendations which will address the complexity of child protection practice, reflect its core principles and promote learning’The study found that recommendations were generally implemented when they fitted with social norms and aspiration of the time and particularly when they synchronised with policy developments that had already been initiated and required increased investment and public support to reach completion. The research drew a distinction between addressing and implementing recommendations, and overall found that a type of ‘recommendation fatigue’ had evolved following the succession if inquiries. It proposed that in the future, recommendations should be drafted in collaboration with key stakeholders which would provide the team with a range of expert knowledge strengthen the methodological rigour of the process and promote the likelihood that they would be feasible and realistic. The study proposed a new model of CLEAR recommendations (Case for change; Learning orientated: Evidence based; Assigning responsibility and easy to Review). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages

When inquiry or review recommendations are too numerous, impractical, expensive, lack relevance and are too far out of step with social norms, they are unlikely to be implemented
A collaborative approach can ensure that recommendations are informed by relevant sources of information, knowledge and expertise.
Recommendations should be framed in a way that illustrates the rationale for change, promotes learning, cites evidence and identifies the organisations responsible for implementation.
Exosomes and Microvesicles: Identification and Targeting By Particle Size and Lipid Chemical Probes
Authors: Kastelowitz Noah , Yin Hang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractExosomes and microvesicles are two classes of submicroscopic vesicle released by cells into the extracellular space. Collectively referred to as extracellular vesicles, these membrane containers facilitate important cell–cell communication by carrying a diverse array of signaling molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Recently, the role of extracellular vesicle signaling in cancer progression has become a topic of significant interest. Methods to detect and target exosomes and microvesicles are needed to realize applications of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers and, perhaps, therapeutic targets. Detection of exosomes and microvesicles is a complex problem as they are both submicroscopic and of heterogeneous cellular origins. In this Minireview, we highlight the basic biology of extracellular vesicles, and address available biochemical and biophysical detection methods. Detectible characteristics described here include lipid and protein composition, and physical properties such as the vesicle membrane shape and diffusion coefficient. In particular, we propose that detection of exosome and microvesicle membrane curvature with lipid chemical probes that sense membrane shape is a distinctly promising method for identifying and targeting these vesicles.
12‐month primary patency rates of contemporary endovascular device therapy for femoro‐popliteal occlusive disease in 6,024 patients: Beyond balloon angioplasty
Authors: Marmagkiolis Konstantinos , Hakeem Abdul , Choksi Nishit , Al‐Hawwas Malek , Edupuganti Mohan Mallikarjuna Rao , Leesar Massoud A. , Cilingiroglu Mehmet 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundEndovascular approach to superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease, the most common cause of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease, remains fraught with high failure rates. Newer devices including second‐generation nitinol stents, drug‐coated stents, drug‐coated balloons, covered stents, cryo‐therapy, LASER, and directional atherectomy have shown promising results. Clinical equipoise still persists regarding the optimal selection of devices, largely attributable to the different inclusion criteria, study population, length of lesions treated, definition of “patency” and “restenosis,” and follow‐up methods in the pivotal trials.MethodsA prospective protocol was developed. We performed a literature search using PubMed from January 2006 to November 2013. Published articles including endovascular interventions in SFA or popliteal arteries with reported 12‐month “primary patency” or “binary restenosis” rates as endpoints were included.ResultsWe identified 6,024 patients in 61 trials reporting 12‐month primary patency rates in patients with femoropoliteal disease. Primary patency rates were (weighted average) 77.2% for nitinol stents, 68.8% for covered stents, 84% for drug eluting stents, 78.2% for drug eluting/coated balloon, 60.7% for cryoballoon, 51.1% for LASER atherectomy, 63.5% for directional atherectomy and 70.2% with a combination of endovascular devices.ConclusionThe most frequently used endovascular devices yielded various 12‐month primary patency rates ranging from 51% to 85%. The increased variation in inclusion criteria, length, and complexity of lesions between studies does not allow direct comparison between them. Larger randomized trials in specific patient populations comparing those modalities is needed before we can make safe recommendation of the superiority of one device over the other. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical usefulness and cost effectiveness of fractional flow reserve among Indian patients (FIND study)
Authors: Sengottuvelu G. , Chakravarthy Babu , Rajendran Ravindran , Ravi Sreyes 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesTo study the clinical usefulness, cost benefit, and medium term outcome of fractional flow reserve (FFR) based management of coronary artery disease of intermediate severity.BackgroundIn spite of the advantages of FFR there is paucity of data in Indian population who have frequent diffuse, small and multivessel disease where it would probably be more beneficial in terms of cost and outcome.MethodsThe treating cardiologist's management decision with both FFR and angiographic data was compared with that of a reviewing cardiologist decision based on a retrospective analysis of angiogram alone.ResultsEighty‐one vessels with intermediate lesions in 59 patients required 26 stents lesser when FFR data was added to the angiogram. The concordance of management decision was about 58% which means that >40% of intermediate lesions would be misclassified as significant based on angiography alone. There were no major events at a mean follow up of 11 ± 5 months. The net cost benefit in favor of FFR based management was INR 8,57,600 (USD 15,600) in our centre.ConclusionIndians with more severe form of CAD benefit from a FFR based management plan for intermediate lesions, both clinically and economically. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase Transition of [2,2]‐Paracyclophane – An End to an Apparently Endless Story
Authors: Wolf Hilke , Leusser Dirk , Jørgensen Mads R. V. , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Scheidt Ernst‐Wilhelm , Scherer Wolfgang , Iversen Bo B. , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this contribution, the solid‐state low‐temperature phase structure of [2,2]‐paracyclophane is unambiguously characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Additionally, a heat capacity measurement was undertaken, which proves the existence of a λ‐type phase transition at 45 K, a transition that is connected with the formation of a secondary Cp/T feature at 60 K. The low‐temperature phase (<45 K) crystallises in the lower symmetry space group P$\bar 4$n2, whereas the high‐temperature phase (>60 K) crystallises in space group P42/mnm. This proves what has been postulated both by experimental and theoretical chemists but has repeatedly been dismissed as speculation many times.
Self‐organization of neural tissue architectures from pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Karus Michael , Blaess Sandra , Brüstle Oliver 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTDespite being a subject of intensive research, the mechanisms underlying the formation of neural tissue architectures during development of the central nervous system remain largely enigmatic. So far, studies into neural pattern formation have been restricted mainly to animal experiments. With the advent of pluripotent stem cells it has become possible to explore early steps of nervous system development in vitro. These studies have unraveled a remarkable propensity of primitive neural cells to self‐organize into primitive patterns such as neural tube‐like rosettes in vitro. Data from more advanced 3D culture systems indicate that this intrinsic propensity for self‐organization can even extend to the formation of complex architectures such as a multilayered cortical neuroepithelium or an entire optic cup. These novel experimental paradigms not only demonstrate the enormous self‐organization capacity of neural stem cells, they also provide exciting prospects for studying the earliest steps of human neural tissue development and the pathogenesis of brain malformations in reductionist in vitro paradigms. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2831–2844, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
0.5‐V fractional‐order companding filters
Authors: Tsirimokou Georgia , Laoudias Costas , Psychalinos Costas 
Published: April 2014

SummaryNovel configurations of fractional‐order filter topologies, realized through the employment of the concept of companding filtering, are introduced in this paper. As a first step, the design procedure is presented in a systematic algorithmic way, while in the next step, the basic building blocks of sinh‐domain and log‐domain integrators are presented. Because of the employment of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) transistors operated in the subthreshold region, the derived filter structures offer the capability for operation in an ultra‐low‐voltage environment. In addition, because of the offered resistorless realizations, the proposed topologies are reconfigurable, in the sense that the order of the filter could be chosen through appropriate bias current sources. The performance of the derived fractional‐order filters has been evaluated through simulation and comparison results using the Analog Design Environment of the Cadence software and MOS transistor parameters provided by the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 180‐nm complementary MOS (CMOS) process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternally inherited genetic variants of CADPS2 are present in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability patients
Authors: Bonora Elena , Graziano Claudio , Minopoli Fiorella , Bacchelli Elena , Magini Pamela , Diquigiovanni Chiara , Lomartire Silvia , Bianco Francesca , Vargiolu Manuela , Parchi Piero , Marasco Elena , Mantovani Vilma , Rampoldi Luca , Trudu Matteo , Parmeggiani Antonia , Battaglia Agatino , Mazzone Luigi , Tortora Giada ,   IMGSAC, Maestrini Elena , Seri Marco , Romeo Giovanni 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIntellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex neuropsychiatric conditions, with overlapping clinical boundaries in many patients. We identified a novel intragenic deletion of maternal origin in two siblings with mild ID and epilepsy in the CADPS2 gene, encoding for a synaptic protein involved in neurotrophin release and interaction with dopamine receptor type 2 (D2DR). Mutation screening of 223 additional patients (187 with ASD and 36 with ID) identified a missense change of maternal origin disrupting CADPS2/D2DR interaction. CADPS2 allelic expression was tested in blood and different adult human brain regions, revealing that the gene was monoallelically expressed in blood and amygdala, and the expressed allele was the one of maternal origin. Cadps2 gene expression performed in mice at different developmental stages was biallelic in the postnatal and adult stages; however, a monoallelic (maternal) expression was detected in the embryonal stage, suggesting that CADPS2 is subjected to tissue‐ and temporal‐specific regulation in human and mice. We suggest that CADPS2 variants may contribute to ID/ASD development, possibly through a parent‐of‐origin effect.
Monocyte‐derived dendritic cells promote T follicular helper cell differentiation
Authors: Chakarov Svetoslav , Fazilleau Nicolas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTo be effective, protein priming must induce the development of a distinct lineage of CD4+ T cells named T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which regulate the differentiation of high‐affinity memory B cells and long‐lived plasma cells. In this context, we tested how adjuvantation with CpG, the Toll‐like receptor 9 agonist used in clinics, contributes to antigen‐specific T‐cell‐dependent B‐cell responses in vivo. We found that addition of CpG to other vaccine adjuvant increased the differentiation of antigen‐specific Tfh cells without changing the overall magnitude of the T‐cell response. This phenomenon correlated with an enhancement of the germinal centre reaction, antigen‐specific plasma cells and circulating antibodies. We comprehensively demonstrated that, in addition to the classical Tfh‐cell differentiation mediated by conventional DC, the promoting effect due to CpG was orchestrated in vivo by antigen presentation and IL‐6 secreted by monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DC) as shown in their absence. Thus, while conventional DC initiate T‐cell responses, targeting monocyte‐derived DC specifically enhances the Tfh programme needed to regulate high‐affinity B‐cell protection in vivo.
Cognitive predictors of medical decision‐making capacity in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Stormoen Sara , Almkvist Ove , Eriksdotter Maria , Sundström Erik , Tallberg Ing‐Mari 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveImpaired capacity to make decisions in everyday life and situations of medical treatment is an inevitable consequence of the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of this study was to identify the most powerful cognitive component(s) that best predicted medical decision‐making capacity (MDMC) in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment.MethodThree groups of subjects participated in the study: patients with AD (n = 20), mild cognitive impairment (n = 21), and healthy control subjects (n = 33). MDMC was assessed by the linguistic instrument for medical decision‐making (LIMD) and related to demographics and 27 cognitive test measures.ResultsThe cognitive tests were found to aggregate into four components using a principle component analysis. The four components, which correspond to verbal knowledge, episodic memory, cognitive speed, and working memory, accounted for 73% of the variance in LIMD according to a stepwise regression analysis. Verbal knowledge was the most powerful predictor of LIMD (beta = 0.66) followed by episodic memory (beta = 0.43), cognitive speed (beta = 0.32), and working memory (beta = 0.23). The best single test as shown by the highest correlation with LIMD was Reading speed (R = 0.77).ConclusionMultiple factors are involved in MDMC in subjects with cognitive impairment. The component of verbal knowledge was the best predictor of MDMC and Reading speed was the most important single cognitive test measurement, which assessed both rapid Reading and understanding of text. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IRRIGATION IN THE TWENTY‐FIRST CENTURY: REFLECTIONS ON SCIENCE, POLICY AND SOCIETY
Authors: Lenton Roberto 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIrrigated agriculture will come under increased global pressures in the twenty‐first century to be more efficient, productive, profitable and sustainable. This paper considers the implications of these pressures. It concludes that we will need the best of science to develop the scientific underpinnings for innovative approaches in irrigated agriculture; effective policies and institutions to control use, manage storage, balance water needs, and create incentives for adoption of innovations; and a broader set of actors working together as part of the solution set. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum enhanced cytokine responses of macrophages to silica and iron oxide particles and nanomaterials: a comparison of serum to lung lining fluid and albumin dispersions
Authors: Brown David M. , Johnston Helinor , Gubbins Eva , Stone Vicki 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe potential hazard to humans exposed to nanomaterials such as silica and iron oxide was investigated using an in vitro macrophage cell culture system. Amorphous silica and iron oxide particles and nanomaterials (NMs) were dispersed in cell culture medium supplemented with either bovine serum albumin (BSA), lung lining fluid (LLF) or serum, in order to mimic the body fluids encountered during different routes of exposure in the body. End points investigated included macrophage viability and cytokine production. Silica NMs and particles (50 and 200 nm, respectively) were unmodified (plain) or aminated (NH2). Iron oxide NMs and particles, Fe3O4 45 nm and Fe2O3 280 nm were also used in this study. Silica particles and NMs induced a dose‐dependent increase in cytotoxicity as measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Serum enhanced silica‐induced interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10, IL‐1β and MCP‐1 release, whereas albumin partially inhibited MCP‐1 release. Aminated silica, 50 nm was more potent than the 200‐nm particles at inducing monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) production when dispersed in medium or LLF, suggesting a size specific effect for these particles and this cytokine. Iron oxide particles were relatively inert compared with the silica particles and NMs; however, serum and albumin did affect cytokine release in some treatments. In conclusion, the data suggests that serum, compared with medium, BSA and LLF is very potent at enhancing macrophage responses to silica and iron oxide particles and NMs. Size was only influential in LLF for a limited number of parameters, whereas surface chemistry was not of consequence in this in vitro macrophage system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd.
The in Vitro estrogenic activities of triclosan and triclocarban
Authors: Huang Hongyu , Du Guizhen , Zhang Wei , Hu Jialei , Wu Di. , Song Ling , Xia Yankai , Wang Xinru 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTTriclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC), as broad spectrum antibacterial agents, are distributed widely in the environment and humans. Most studies have focused on their distribution and biodegradation, but the endocrine‐disrupting effects of these chemicals, especially their estrogenic effects, are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the estrogenic effects of TCS and TCC using a series of in vitro assays, including the ER reporter gene assay in the CV‐1 cells, E‐screen assay and evaluation of estrogen‐responsive genes in the MCF‐7 cells. The tested concentrations of TCS and TCC were both from 1 × 10–9 to 1 × 10–6 M. Results showed that TCS and TCC exerted estrogenic activities by inducing luciferase activities in an ER reporter gene assay, promoting the proliferation of the MCF‐7 cells, up‐regulating the expression of pS2 and down‐regulating ERα expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in the MCF‐7 cells. We further found that TCS and TCC could alter the expression of multiple microRNAs (mir‐22, mir‐206 and mir‐193b) in the MCF‐7 cells, which would help understand the mechanisms of their estrogenic effects on regulating the expression of ERα. In brief, our results demonstrated the potential estrogenic effects and profiled in vitro data for further risk assessment of TCS and TCC. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lubricin: A novel means to decrease bacterial adhesion and proliferation
Authors: Aninwene George E. , Abadian Pegah N. , Ravi Vishnu , Taylor Erik N. , Hall Douglas M. , Mei Amy , Jay Gregory D. , Goluch Edgar D. , Webster Thomas J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the ability of lubricin (LUB) to prevent bacterial attachment and proliferation on model tissue culture polystyrene surfaces. The findings from this study indicated that LUB was able to reduce the attachment and growth of Staphylococcus aureus on tissue culture polystyrene over the course of 24 h by approximately 13.9% compared to a phosphate buffered saline (PBS)‐soaked control. LUB also increased S. aureus lag time (the period of time between the introduction of bacteria to a new environment and their exponential growth) by approximately 27% compared to a PBS‐soaked control. This study also indicated that vitronectin (VTN), a protein homologous to LUB, reduced bacterial S. aureus adhesion and growth on tissue culture polystyrene by approximately 11% compared to a PBS‐soaked control. VTN also increased the lag time of S. aureus by approximately 43%, compared to a PBS‐soaked control. Bovine submaxillary mucin was studied because there are similarities between it and the center mucin‐like domain of LUB. Results showed that the reduction of S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis proliferation on mucin coated surfaces was not as substantial as that seen with LUB. In summary, this study provided the first evidence that LUB reduced the initial adhesion and growth of both S. aureus and S. epidermidis on a model surface to suppress biofilm formation. These reductions in initial bacteria adhesion and proliferation can be beneficial for medical implants and, although requiring more study, can lead to drastically improved patient outcomes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 451–462, 2015.
Standardizing Vitamin D Assays: The Way Forward
Authors: Binkley Neil , Sempos Christopher T ,   for the Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP)
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

For a number of years it has been widely assumed that measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration is the best approach to assessing an individual's vitamin D status.(1, 2) However, it has also been recognized that there is substantial within-assay variation in 25(OH)D measurement and even greater between-assay variability.(3, 4, 5) Such assay variation clearly confounds attempts to define what constitutes the diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D. Importantly, assay variability makes pooling of 25(OH)D results from different studies in systematic reviews for the specific purpose of determining dose-response and/or clinical cut points at best problematic. Therefore, to develop and implement evidence-based clinical guidelines, it is essential that 25(OH)D measurement be standardized in both clinical and research laboratories. In this Perspective we outline a way forward toward achieving this goal—the Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP). © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research