bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic challenge: Juvenile bullous pemphigoid with a negative BP180 ELISA
Authors: Fairley Janet A. , Berrebi Kristen G. , Poggemiller Andrew M. , Varzavand Afshin , Messingham Kelly N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease primarily affecting the elderly, whereas cases of juvenile BP are rare. Both types of BP are typically mediated by autoantibodies targeting the NC16A region of BP180; however, a small subset of adult patient sera react to other regions of the protein. The incidence of a similar occurrence in juvenile BP is unknown. This case of juvenile BP with a negative BP180 ELISA highlights diagnostic pitfalls that can lead to a delay in the correct diagnosis in the pediatric population.
From a cultural to a distributive issue: Public climate action as a new field for comparative political economy
Authors: Schwander Hanna , Fischer Jonas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article reviews recent insights from the blooming Comparative Political Economy (CPE) literature on climate change with the aim to demonstrate the importance of integrating climate change into the field of CPE and to highlight the contributions of CPE to our understanding of the social and political obstacles to effective climate policies. In addition, we advance two key points to bring the CPE literature forward. To tighten the dialogue between the “electoral politics” and “interest group politics” approaches, we propose understanding climate politics as a triadic conflict between losers of climate change, losers of public climate action (PCA), and winners of PCA. Second, we argue that the scope of CPE studies needs expansion. While existing CPE literature predominantly focuses on climate change mitigation, it is essential to consider climate change adaptation due to its significant distributive implications at the macro‐ and micro‐levels of societies.
Research on the water‐ground multimodal transport emergency scheduling model and decision‐making method considering the actual road network inundation situation
Authors: Song Yan , Sun Baiqing , Han Yunwu , Xing Zhenming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs urbanization continues to accelerate worldwide, urban flooding is becoming increasingly destructive, making it important to improve emergency scheduling capabilities. Compared to other scheduling problems, the urban flood emergency rescue scheduling problem is more complicated. Considering the impact of a disaster on the road network passability, a single type of vehicle cannot complete all rescue tasks. A reasonable combination of multiple vehicle types for cooperative rescue can improve the efficiency of rescue tasks. This study focuses on the urban flood emergency rescue scheduling problem considering the actual road network inundation situation. First, the progress and shortcomings of related research are analyzed. Then, a four‐level emergency transportation network based on the collaborative water‐ground multimodal transport transshipment mode is established. It is shown that the transshipment points have random locations and quantities according to the actual inundation situation. Subsequently, an interactive model based on hierarchical optimization is constructed considering the travel length, travel time, and waiting time as hierarchical optimization objectives. Next, an improved A* algorithm based on the quantity of specific extension nodes is proposed, and a scheduling scheme decision‐making algorithm is proposed based on the improved A* and greedy algorithms. Finally, the proposed decision‐making algorithm is applied in a practical example for solving and comparative analysis, and the results show that the improved A* algorithm is faster and more accurate. The results also verify the effectiveness of the scheduling model and decision‐making algorithm. Finally, a scheduling scheme with the shortest travel time for the proposed emergency scheduling problem is obtained.
Human brain imaging with high‐density electroencephalography: Techniques and applications
Authors: Marino Marco , Mantini Dante 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) is a technique for non‐invasively measuring neuronal activity in the human brain using electrodes placed on the participant's scalp. With the advancement of digital technologies, EEG analysis has evolved over time from the qualitative analysis of amplitude and frequency modulations to a comprehensive analysis of the complex spatiotemporal characteristics of the recorded signals. EEG is now considered a powerful tool for measuring neural processes in the same time frame in which they happen (i.e. the subsecond range). However, it is commonly argued that EEG suffers from low spatial resolution, which makes it difficult to localize the generators of EEG activity accurately and reliably. Today, the availability of high‐density EEG (hdEEG) systems, combined with methods for incorporating information on head anatomy and sophisticated source‐localization algorithms, has transformed EEG into an important neuroimaging tool. hdEEG offers researchers and clinicians a rich and varied range of applications. It can be used not only for investigating neural correlates in motor and cognitive neuroscience experiments, but also for clinical diagnosis, particularly in the detection of epilepsy and the characterization of neural impairments in a wide range of neurological disorders. Notably, the integration of hdEEG systems with other physiological recordings, such as kinematic and/or electromyography data, might be especially beneficial to better understand the neuromuscular mechanisms associated with deconditioning in ageing and neuromotor disorders, by mapping the neurokinematic and neuromuscular connectivity patterns directly in the brain.
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Exploring Zirconia Adhesion: Pre and Postsintering Physical Surface Treatment, Chemical Treatment, and Cement Interactions
Authors: Gonçalves Flávia , Ayala-Perez Mirko Dennys , Reis Francisco Carlos dos Santos , Miranda-Júnior Walter Gomes , Boaro Letícia Cristina Cidreira 
Published: August 2024

Background: Adhesion to zirconia remains a significant dental challenge. This study is aimed at assessing the bond strength of zirconia based on surface treatment with pre or postsintering sandblasting associated with different chemical treatments and resin cements.Methods: Zirconia blocks were divided into 12 experimental groups based on the surface treatment (presintering sandblasting or postsintering sandblasting/tribochemical abrasion treatment), chemical treatment (none, Single Bond Universal, or Signum Zirconia Bond), and choice of cement (Panavia F or RelyX™ U200). The bond strength was measured by shear tests using a universal testing machine. The fracture analysis was performed using stereomicroscopy. Data were analyzed using three‐way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 5%).Results: Triple and double factor’s interactions were not significant (p > 0.05). Regarding the surface treatment factor, the bond strength following postsintering sandblasting treatment associated with tribochemical abrasion (9.15 ± 3.62 MPa) was significantly higher than presintering sandblasting treatment (5.24 ± 3.53 MPa). Concerning the chemical treatment factor, bond strengths were ranked as follows: Signum Zirconia Bond > Single Bond Universal > no treatment. The bond strength of the resin cements did not differ among them. Most fractures (67%) were classified as adhesive, and 32% were categorized as mixed fractures.Conclusion: Surface treatment via postsintering sandblasting combined with tribochemical abrasion demonstrated superior efficacy than in presintering sandblasting. Additionally, chemical treatment with zirconia primer increased the bond strength of zirconia irrespective of the surface physical treatment.
Empowering Speech by Moderating It
Authors: Citron Danielle Keats , Penney Jonathon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Content moderation is typically viewed as an affront to free expression. When companies remove online abuse, they face accusations of censorship. Lost in the discussion is the fact that victims of intimate privacy violations and cyberstalking typically-and regrettably-withdraw from on- and offline activities. Online assaults chase targeted individuals offline; they silence victims. Content moderation can secure opportunities for people to speak. Legal and corporate prohibitions against intimate privacy violations and cyberstalking can help provide the reassurance that victims need to stay online. They can endow individuals with a sense of trust so they continue to use networked technologies to express themselves. Those prohibitions are consonant with First Amendment doctrine and free speech values. Combating online abuse isn't a zero-sum game with free speech as the loser. Rather, it can free us to speak by changing the culture that rewards abuse and encourages self-censorship.
The Future of Free Speech: Curiosity Culture
Authors: Gross Olivia Eve 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
On college campuses today, students contemplate whether sharing their opinion is worth the consequences. In this essay, I delineate the current state of speech on college campuses and explore the role of no-platforming, social coercion, and social media's impact on this environment. Additionally, I describe how students are stifling the university experience by using a variety of methods to either silence speech or ensure that certain speech receives social punishment. The practice of elevating one's own view by silencing others’ speech is not a new tactic, but is one that persists on college campuses in a variety of forms. To combat the current speech climate on campus, we need to foster a culture that is more curious and inquisitive by providing tools to students at a young age that support their ability to agreeably disagree and thrive in environments of open discourse.
Should We Trust the Censor?
Authors: Whittington Keith E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Central to the American tradition of expanding protections for controversial speech is a robust distrust of potential censors to make reasonable judgments about what speech should be suppressed. But the arguments for a more restrictive approach to speech often implicitly or explicitly evince much greater trust in the likely decisionmakers who will be entrusted with the authority to suppress speech. Whether restricting Communist speech, antiwar speech, “hate speech,” or “disinformation,” the case for empowering some authority figure-such as campus administrators, technology company employees, or government officials-builds on an assumption that those authority figures will be motivated by good intentions and be endowed with good judgment to make reasonable distinctions between the speech that should be tolerated and the speech that should not. Such confidence would often seem to be misplaced.
Prevalence and risk factors of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) among veterans in the airborne hazards and open burn pit registry: a prospective, observational, nested study
Authors: Phen Sherilynn M. , Jani Nisha , Klein-Adams Jacquelyn C. , Ndirangu Duncan S. , Rahman Azizur , Falvo Michael J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Veterans have unique military risk factors and exposures during deployment that may augment their risk of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). The purpose of this study is to identify potential risk factors for PASC among Veterans in the national Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry (AHOBPR).

Methods
This prospective observational study consisted of a semi-structured interview conducted via phone or videoconference from November 2021 to December 2022 among a stratified random sample of deployed Veterans nested within the national AHOBPR with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. PASC was defined as persistent new-onset symptoms lasting more than 2 months after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. Deployment history, airborne hazards exposure and symptoms were obtained from the AHOBPR self-assessment questionnaire completed prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection (past). Post-infection symptoms and health behaviors obtained at study interview (present) were used to test the hypothesis that deployment experience and exposure increases the risk for PASC.

Results
From a sample of 212 Veterans, 149 (70%) met criteria for PASC with a mean age of 47 ± 8.7 years; 73 (49%) were women and 76 (51%) were men, and 129 (82.6%) continued to experience persistent symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (596.8 ± 160.4 days since initial infection). Neither exposure to airborne hazards (OR 0.97, CI 0.92–1.03) or to burn pits (OR 1.00, CI 0.99-1.00) augmented risk for PASC.

Conclusions
PASC is highly common among Veterans enrolled in the AHOBPR, but we did not observe any unique military risk factors (e.g., airborne hazards exposure) that augmented the risk of PASC. Our findings may provide guidance to clinicians in the VHA network to administer appropriate care for Veterans experiencing PASC.
Cancer research provides a model for advancing clinical trials in dementia in the era of disease-modifying Alzheimer’s-type dementia therapies
Authors: Jicha Gregory A. , Tucker Thomas C. , Arnold Susanne M. , Nelson Peter T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDementia and cancer are multifactorial, widely-feared, age-associated clinical syndromes that are increasing in prevalence. There have been major breakthroughs in clinical cancer research leading to some effective treatments, whereas the field of dementia has achieved comparatively limited success in clinical research. The lessons of cancer research may help those in the dementia research field in confronting some of the dilemmas faced when the clinical care regimen is not entirely safe or efficacious. Cancer clinical trials have assumed that untreated individuals with cancer are at high risk for morbidity and mortality after primary diagnoses. Thus, patients deserve a choice of clinical interventions, either standard of care or experimental, even if the benefits are not certain and the therapy’s side effects are potentially severe. The prognosis for many individuals at risk for dementia carries a correspondingly high level of risk for both mortality and severe morbidity, particularly if one focuses on “health-span” rather than lifespan. Caregivers and patients can be strongly impacted by dementia and the many troubling associated symptoms that often go well beyond amnesia. Polls, surveys, and a literature on “dementia worry” strongly underscore that the public fears dementia. While there are institutional and industry hurdles that complicate enrollment in randomized trials, the gravity of the future morbidity and mortality inherent in a dementia diagnosis may require reconsideration of the current protective stance that limits the freedom of at-risk individuals (either symptomatic or asymptomatic) to participate and potentially benefit from ongoing clinical research. There is also evidence from both cancer and dementia research that individuals enrolled in the placebo arms of clinical trials have unexpectedly good outcomes, indicating that participation in clinical trial can have medical benefits to enrollees. To highlight aspects of cancer clinical research that may inform present and future dementia clinical research, this review highlights three main themes: the risk of side effects should be weighed against the often dire consequences of non-treatment; the desirability of long-term incremental (rather than “magic bullet”) clinical advances; and, the eventual importance of combination therapies, reflecting that the dementia clinical syndrome has many underlying biological pathways.
Association of Tobacco Use and Cancer Incidence in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kulothungan Vaitheeswaran , Ramamoorthy Thilagavathi , Sarveswaran Gokul , Jadhav Snehal Yuvraj , Mathur Prashant 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE To estimate the strength of the association between tobacco use and cancer incidence among the Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from PubMed, Embase, and Virtual Health Library were searched from inception of databases till April 30, 2022. There were no restrictions except for English language and human study. Case-control and cohort studies on cancer incidence in relation to tobacco use were selected. Data were extracted independently by two investigators, and discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The quality assessment was done using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. RESULTS The majority were case-control designs (60, 89.6%), covering diverse geographic regions, with Maharashtra (18, 30%) and Kerala (12, 20%) being the most studied. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using the random-effects model, and forest plots were generated. The risk of any cancer associated with smoked and smokeless tobacco was 2.71 (95% CI, 2.25 to 3.16) and 2.68 (95% CI, 2.22 to 3.14), respectively, indicating similar risks. Gender-wise, smoked tobacco had an association of 2.35 (95% CI, 2.05 to 2.65) for males, whereas for smokeless tobacco, it was 1.77 (95% CI, 1.47 to 2.07) for males and 2.34 (95% CI, 1.26 to 3.42) for females. Regardless of gender, tobacco type, and affected body parts, the risk of cancer due to tobacco use was consistent in the Indian population. Site-specific analysis showed higher risks of respiratory system cancers of 4.97 (95% CI, 3.62 to 6.32) and head and neck cancers of 3.95 (95% CI, 3.48 to 4.42). CONCLUSION This study underscores that both smoked and smokeless tobacco are equally harmful to human health among the Indian population, providing insights for stakeholders and policymakers to arrive at tobacco-specific interventions.
Effectiveness of vitamin c in the management of viral infections in adults
Authors: Kozioł Magdalena , Cąkała Marlena , Podgórniak Kamila , Zajkowska Aleksandra , Witkowska Maria , Skotnicka Joanna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is an essential water-soluble nutrient. Vitamin C has important anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, antioxidant, antithrombotic and antiviral properties. The role of vitamin C in preventing and treating the upper respiratory tract infections has been controversial since the dual Nobel laureate Linus Pauling published a book in 1970 claiming that vitamin C prevents and alleviates symptoms of common cold.
Aim of the study:
The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin C administration during viral infections in the adult population.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
In the analyzed studies, vitamin C supplementation has been found to play a role in respiratory defense mechanisms for specific groups of patients with upper respiratory tract infections. While there is some promise in the use of vitamin C for the treatment of COVID-19, current evidence for its efficacy in pneumonia is weak, but vitamin C may still have a place in treatment, particularly for patients with low levels of the vitamin. Additional research is necessary to determine the efficacy of administering vitamin C for the treatment of pneumonia, the common cold, and COVID-19.
Conclusions:
The available evidence from the studies does not provide clear proof of the efficacy of vitamin C supplementation in preventing or treating viral infections such as the common cold, COVID-19 or pneumonia. Further studies, particularly randomized clinical trials, are necessary to demonstrate its effectiveness in specific viral infections. The current evidence is insufficient to recommend the use of vitamin C for preventing or treating viral infections in the general population.
Key words: vitamin C; ascorbic acid; viral infections; common cold; COVID-19; pneumonia
Learning from Unknown Information Sources
Authors: Liang Yucheng 
Published: August 2024

When an agent receives information from a source whose accuracy might be either high or low, standard theory dictates that she update as if the source has medium accuracy. In a laboratory experiment, subjects deviate from this benchmark by reacting less to uncertain sources, especially when the sources release good news. This pattern is validated using observational data on stock price reactions to analyst earnings forecasts, where analysts with no forecast records are classified as uncertain sources. A theory of belief updating where agents are insensitive and averse to information accuracy uncertainty can explain these results. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: Y. Liang gratefully acknowledges the support of the Russell Sage Foundation (Small Grant in Behavioral Economics). Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03551 .
Monoflange custom-made partial pelvis replacements offer a viable solution in extensive Paprosky III defects
Authors: Hanusrichter Yannik , Gebert Carsten , Steinbeck Maximilian , Dudda Marcel , Hardes Jendrik , Frieler Sven , Jeys Lee M. , Wessling Martin 
Published: August 2024

AimsCustom-made partial pelvis replacements (PPRs) are increasingly used in the reconstruction of large acetabular defects and have mainly been designed using a triflange approach, requiring extensive soft-tissue dissection. The monoflange design, where primary intramedullary fixation within the ilium combined with a monoflange for rotational stability, was anticipated to overcome this obstacle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the design with regard to functional outcome, complications, and acetabular reconstruction.MethodsBetween 2014 and 2023, 79 patients with a mean follow-up of 33 months (SD 22; 9 to 103) were included. Functional outcome was measured using the Harris Hip Score and EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D). PPR revisions were defined as an endpoint, and subgroups were analyzed to determine risk factors.ResultsImplantation was possible in all cases with a 2D centre of rotation deviation of 10 mm (SD 5.8; 1 to 29). PPR revision was necessary in eight (10%) patients. HHS increased significantly from 33 to 72 postoperatively, with a mean increase of 39 points (p < 0.001). Postoperative EQ-5D score was 0.7 (SD 0.3; -0.3 to 1). Risk factor analysis showed significant revision rates for septic indications (p ≤ 0.001) as well as femoral defect size (p = 0.001).ConclusionSince large acetabular defects are being treated surgically more often, custom-made PPR should be integrated as an option in treatment algorithms. Monoflange PPR, with primary iliac fixation, offers a viable treatment option for Paprosky III defects with promising functional results, while requiring less soft-tissue exposure and allowing immediate full weightbearing.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(8):688–696.