bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence Tomography of Rapamycin-Induced Autophagy and Cardioprotection In Vivo
Authors: Chen Howard H. , Mekkaoui Choukri , Cho Hoonsung , Ngoy Soeun , Marinelli Brett , Waterman Peter , Nahrendorf Matthias , Liao Ronglih , Josephson Lee , Sosnovik David E. 
Published: March 2013

Background—
Autophagy is a biological process during which cells digest organelles in their cytoplasm and recycle the constituents. The impact of autophagy in the heart, however, remains unclear in part because of the inability to noninvasively image this process in living animals.

Methods and Results—

Here, we report the use of fluorescence molecular tomography and a cathepsin-activatable fluorochrome to image autophagy in the heart in vivo after ischemia/reperfusion and rapamycin (RAP) therapy. We show that cathepsin-B activity in the lysosome is upregulated by RAP and that this allows the expanded lysosomal compartment in autophagy to be imaged in vivo with fluorescence molecular tomography. We further demonstrate that the delivery of diagnostic nanoparticles to the lysosome by endocytosis is enhanced during autophagy. The upregulation of autophagy by RAP was associated with a 23% reduction (
P
<0.05) of apoptosis in the area at risk and a 45% reduction in final infarct size (19.6±5.6% of area at risk with RAP versus 35.9±9.1% of area at risk without RAP;
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—
The ability to perform noninvasive tomographic imaging of autophagy in the heart has the potential to provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of autophagy, particularly its role in cardiomyocyte salvage. Although additional data are needed, our study supports the investigation of RAP therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
Berlin Heart EXCOR Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device for Bridge to Heart Transplantation in US Children
Authors: Almond Christopher S. , Morales David L. , Blackstone Eugene H. , Turrentine Mark W. , Imamura Michiaki , Massicotte M. Patricia , Jordan Lori C. , Devaney Eric J. , Ravishankar Chitra , Kanter Kirk R. , Holman William , Kroslowitz Robert , Tjossem Christine , Thuita Lucy , Cohen Gordon A. , Buchholz Holger , St. Louis James D. , Nguyen Khanh , Niebler Robert A. , Walters Henry L. , Reemtsen Brian , Wearden Peter D. , Reinhartz Olaf , Guleserian Kristine J. , Mitchell Max B. , Bleiweis Mark S. , Canter Charles E. , Humpl Tilman 
Published: March 2013

Background—
Recent data suggest that the Berlin Heart EXCOR Pediatric ventricular assist device is superior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for bridge to heart transplantation. Published data are limited to 1 in 4 children who received the device as part of the US clinical trial. We analyzed outcomes for all US children who received the EXCOR to characterize device outcomes in an unselected cohort and to identify risk factors for mortality to facilitate patient selection.

Methods and Results—
This multicenter, prospective cohort study involved all children implanted with the Berlin Heart EXCOR Pediatric ventricular assist device at 47 centers from May 2007 through December 2010. Multiphase nonproportional hazards modeling was used to identify risk factors for early (<2 months) and late mortality. Of 204 children supported with the EXCOR, the median duration of support was 40 days (range, 1–435 days). Survival at 12 months was 75%, including 64% who reached transplantation, 6% who recovered, and 5% who were alive on the device. Multivariable analysis identified lower weight, biventricular assist device support, and elevated bilirubin as risk factors for early mortality and bilirubin extremes and renal dysfunction as risk factors for late mortality. Neurological dysfunction occurred in 29% and was the leading cause of death.

Conclusions—
Use of the Berlin Heart EXCOR has risen dramatically over the past decade. The EXCOR has emerged as a new treatment standard in the United States for pediatric bridge to transplantation. Three-quarters of children survived to transplantation or recovery; an important fraction experienced neurological dysfunction. Smaller patient size, renal dysfunction, hepatic dysfunction, and biventricular assist device use were associated with mortality, whereas extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before implantation and congenital heart disease were not.
“Faith(fulness) of the Son of God”? Galatians 2:20b Reconsidered
Authors: Jermo van Nes 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
For more than a century, contributors to the πίστις Χριστοῦ debate have focused primarily on the linguistic and theological issues involved without recognizing the potential relevance of a text-critical variant of Gal 2:20b. It is argued that if preference is to be given to the variant reading ἐν πίστει ζῶ τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ Χριστοῦ as based on both external and internal evidence, its immediate context encourages an objective genitive understanding—“I live by faith in God and Christ.” As such, Gal 2:20b might offer an interpretative clue to the other πίστις Χριστοῦ expressions in the Pauline corpus.
Judaean Apocalypticism and the Unmasking of Ideology: Foreign and National Rulers in the Testament of Moses
Authors: Keddie G. Anthony 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The current study attempts to move beyond the fashionable scholarly opinion that apocalyptic literature is essentially posed “against empire” by critically analyzing the ideologies evaluated and advanced by the Testament of Moses. The author employs a theoretical framework derived from the work of the Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser to argue that the schematization of history in the Testament of Moses exposes and criticizes the domination of national rulers and foreign rulers, but for different reasons. While ideology is depicted as a strategy of domination used by both types of rulers, repressive physical violence is typically only associated with foreign domination. Yet, the text is not simply “against empire.” Rather, the ideology of the Testament of Moses is primarily opposed to the priestly ruling class of Judaea, the group thought to be responsible for the socioeconomic hardships experienced by the Judaean masses in the early first century C.E.
Galenic Medicine and Social Stability in Early Modern Florence and the Islamic Empires
Authors: Syros Vasileios 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Modern perceptions of cross-cultural encounters between Europe and the Islamic empires have centered around the differences between the European and Islamic systems of political organization in an effort to valorize Western political values and styles of rulership. The present article challenges some of the assumptions that inform scholarship on contacts between Europe and the Islamic world in the early modern period by pointing to hitherto unexplored affinities between the Florentine and Islamic traditions of political thought. In particular, it investigates the use of ancient Greek theories of the four humors/elements of the human body in an extensive corpus of writings produced by seminal political theorists, historians, and figures of intellectual and political life in early modern Florentine (Niccolò Machiavelli, Francesco Guicciardini, Donato Giannotti), Persian (Ṭūsī, Dawwānī, Kāshifī), Mughal (Khwāndamīr, Abūʾl-Fazl), and Ottoman (Kınalızâde, Kâtib Çelebi) traditions from the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries. My analysis demonstrates that Galen’s humoral theory served the aforementioned writers as a conceptual tool for identifying the mutual dependency of the component parts of the body politic as one of the key determinants of domestic balance and harmony and for theorizing remedies against strife and friction.
Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor, p53 and galectin-3 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Lee Yu Mi , Lee Jae Bok 
Published: March 2013

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the protein expression and prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p53 and galectin-3 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed using tumour specimens from patients with PTC who underwent thyroidectomy between July 2007 and December 2008. The percentages of tumour cells staining positively for EGFR, galectin-3 and p53 were determined by immunohistochemistry. Associations between protein expression and age, sex, extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis were assessed, together with the total Metastasis, Age, Completeness of resection, Invasion, Size (MACIS) score (a marker of prognosis). MACIS prognostic scores were categorized into four groups. Results Data from 168 patients with PTC (mean follow-up, 35 months) were included. EGFR expression was significantly associated with male sex and lymph node metastasis; p53 expression was higher in males than in females; galectin-3 expression was not significantly associated with age, sex, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis or total MACIS score category, however. Conclusion Immunohistochemical evaluation of EGFR and p53 expression in patients with PTC may be useful for determining prognosis, in PTC patients.
Comprehensive genetic analysis of cytarabine sensitivity in a cell-based model identifies polymorphisms associated with outcome in AML patients
Authors: Gamazon Eric R. , Lamba Jatinder K. , Pounds Stanley , Stark Amy L. , Wheeler Heather E. , Cao Xueyuan , Im Hae K. , Mitra Amit K. , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Raimondi Susana , Campana Dario , Crews Kristine R. , Wong Shan S. , Welsh Marleen , Hulur Imge , Gorsic Lidija , Hartford Christine M. , Zhang Wei , Cox Nancy J. , Dolan M. Eileen 
Published: March 2013

Key PointsA preclinical cell-based model identifies SNPs associated with cytarabine sensitivity that also associate with outcome in leukemia patients. SNPs within the MCC gene were associated with cytarabine sensitivity in lymphoblastoid cell lines and leukemic blasts from patients.
The passage of cells can improve the detection rate of avian leukosis virus to facilitate the elimination of avian leukosis in chickens
Authors: Wang Xiuzhen , Wang Bo , Zhang Peipei , Cheng Hegang , Sun Shuhong 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Avian leukosis (AL) is one of the most harmful diseases to the poultry industry in China. The detection of the avian leukosis virus (ALV) p27 antigen plays a decisive role in the elimination of avian leukosis. To explore the influence of passaging cells on the detection rate of the ALV p27 antigen, 21 aseptic anticoagulated blood samples were collected from 21 chickens for which the cloacal swabs were positive for the p27 antigen to inoculate two sets of cell culture plates containing DF1 cells. The cells were cultured for 4 d, one set was passaged, and the other set was not. After the DF1 cells had been cultured for 9 d, the ALV p27 antigen in the supernatants of the two sets was detected by ELISA. The results showed that the p27 antigen-positive rate for the passaged cells was 71.43% (15/21), higher than that of the cells that were directly cultured, which was 42.86%. There was a strong correlation, as high as 0.928, with respect to the S/P value of the p27 antigen in the supernatant between the two sets. In conclusion, there was a strong correlation between the results for the passaged and unpassaged cells, and the passage of cells greatly improved the detection of the p27 antigen.
Preincubation of Pituitary Tumor Cells With the Epidrugs Zebularine and Trichostatin A Are Permissive for Retinoic Acid-Augmented Expression of the BMP-4 and D2R Genes
Authors: Yacqub-Usman Kiren , Duong Cuong V. , Clayton Richard N. , Farrell William E. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA)-induced expression of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) inhibits in vitro and in vivo cell proliferation and ACTH synthesis in corticotroph-derived tumor cells. Reduced expression of BMP-4 in this adenoma subtype is associated with epigenomic silencing, and similar silencing mechanisms are also associated with the RA-responsive dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) in somatolactotroph cells. We now show that preincubation with the epidrugs zebularine and trichostatin A is obligate and permissive for RA-induced expression of the BMP-4 and the D2R genes in pituitary tumor cells. Combined epidrug challenges are associated with marginal reduction in CpG island methylation. However, significant change to histone tail modifications toward those associated with expression-competent genes is apparent, whereas RA challenge alone or in combined incubations does not have an impact on these modifications. Epidrug-mediated and RA-augmented expression of endogenous BMP-4 increased or decreased cell proliferation and colony-forming efficiency in GH3 and AtT-20 pituitary tumor cells, respectively, recapitulating recent reports of challenges of these cells with exogenous ligand. The specificity of the BMP-4–mediated effects was further supported by knock-down experiments of the BMP-4 antagonist noggin (small interfering RNA [siRNA]). Knock-down of noggin, in the absence and the presence of epidrugs, induced and augmented BMP-4 expression, respectively. In cell proliferation assays, challenge with either epidrugs or siRNA led to significant increase in cell numbers at the 72-hour time point; however, in siRNA-treated cells coincubated with epidrugs, a significant increase was apparent at the 48-hour time point. These studies show the potential of combined drug challenges as a treatment option, where epidrug renders silenced genes responsive to conventional therapeutic options.
Human Red Blood Cells Alterations in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Bordin Luciana , Donà Gabriella , Sabbadin Chiara , Ragazzi Eugenio , Andrisani Alessandra , Ambrosini Guido , Brunati Anna Maria , Clari Giulio , Armanini Decio 
Published: March 2013

Context:
Aldosterone (Aldo) effects include NADPH oxidase activation involved in Aldo-related oxidative stress. Red blood cells (RBCs) are particularly sensitive to oxidative assault, and both the formation of high molecular weight aggregates (HMWAs) and the diamide-induced Tyr phosphorylation (Tyr-P) level of membrane band 3 can be used to monitor their redox status.

Objective:
The Aldo-related alterations in erythrocytes were evaluated by comparing in vitro evidence.

Design:
This was a multicenter comparative study.

Study Participants:
The study included 12 patients affected by primary aldosteronism (PA) and 6 healthy control subjects (HCs), whose RBCs were compared with those of patients with PA. For in vitro experiments, RBCs from HCs were incubated with increasing Aldo concentrations.

Main Outcome Measures:
The Tyr-P level, band 3 HMWA formation, and autologous IgG binding were evaluated.

Results:
In patients with PA, both Tyr-P levels and band 3 HMWAs were higher than those in HCs. RBCs from HCs were treated with increasing Aldo concentrations in both platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and charcoal-stripped (CS)-PPP. Results showed that Aldo had dose- and time-dependent effects on band 3 Tyr-P and HMWA formation in CS-PPP more than in PPP. These effects were almost completely prevented by canrenone or cortisol. Aldo-related membrane alterations led to increased autologous IgG binding.

Conclusions:
Erythrocytes from patients with PA show oxidative-like stress evidenced by increased HMWA content and diamide-induced band 3 Tyr-P level. Aldo effects are mediated by the mineralocorticoid receptor, as suggested by the inhibitory effects of canrenone, an antagonist of Aldo. In CS-PPP, in which Aldo induces remarkable membrane alterations leading to IgG binding, Aldo may be responsible for premature RBC removal from circulation.
CD26/DPP4 Levels in Peripheral Blood and T Cells in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lee Sang Ah , Kim Young Ree , Yang Eun Jin , Kwon Eun-Jeong , Kim Sun Hyung , Kang Sung Ha , Park Doek Bae , Oh Byung-Chul , Kim Jinseok , Heo Sang Taek , Koh Gwanpyo , Lee Dae Ho 
Published: March 2013

Context:Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (CD26/DPP4) is expressed on blood T cells and also circulates in a soluble form (sCD26/DPP4).Objective:We aimed to evaluate blood T cell and circulating CD26/DPP4 and its association with metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Designs:We measured CD26/DPP4 expression (percentage of CD26+ cells using flow cytometry) on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, serum CD26/DPP4 level and activity, and various metabolic parameters in T2DM patients not on DPP4 inhibitor therapy (n = 148). Nondiabetic subjects (n = 50) were included as a control group.Results:Compared with the healthy controls, CD26/DPP4 expression on CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells was higher in T2DM patients. Serum CD26/DPP4 levels and enzymatic activities were also higher in patients with T2DM than in the control group only when metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients were excluded; metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients had lower values compared with other T2DM patients. Various parameters in T2DM patients were related to CD26/DPP4 expression on the T cells (hemoglobin A1c), serum sCD26/DPP4 (hemoglobin A1c and insulin resistance assessed by updated homeostasis model assessment), and serum CD26/DPP4 activity (insulin resistance assessed by updated homeostasis model assessment, γ-glutamyl transferase, and alanine aminotransferase) by multivariate analyses. After active glucose control for 12 weeks in drug-naive T2DM patients (n = 50), CD26/DPP4 expression on blood T cells was significantly decreased.Conclusions:Our results suggest that the CD26/DPP4 level on blood T cells was associated with glucose control status in patients with T2DM.
Dexamethasone (DEX) induces Osmotic stress transcription factor 1 (Ostf1) through the Akt-GSK3β pathway in freshwater Japanese eel gill cell cultures
Authors: Chow S. C. , Tse William K. F. , Wong Chris K. C. 
Published: March 2013

Summary
Osmosensing and osmoregulatory processes undertaken in gills of euryhaline fish are coordinated by integrative actions of various signaling molecules/transcriptional factors. Considerable numbers of studies report the hyper- and hypo-osmoregulatory functions of fish gills, by illustrating the process of gill cell remodeling and the modulation of the expression of ion channels/transporters. Comparatively mechanistic information relayed from signal integration to transcriptional regulation in mediating gill cell functions has not yet been elucidated. In this study we demonstrate the functional links from cortisol stimulation, to Akt activation, to the expression of the transcriptional factor, Ostf1. Using the synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist, dexamethasone (DEX), Ostf1 expression is found to be activated via glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mediated by the Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway. Pharmacological experiments using kinase inhibitors reveal that the expression of Ostf1 is negatively regulated by Akt activation. The inhibition of PI3K or Akt activities, by the specific kinase inhibitors (wortmannin, LY294002 or SH6), stimulates Ostf1 expression, while a reduction of GSK3β activity by LiCl reduces Ostf1 expression. Collectively, our report for the first time indicates that DEX can induce Ostf1 via GR, with the involvement of the Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway in primary eel gill cell cultures. The data also suggest that Ostf1 may play different roles in gill cell survival during seawater acclimation.
Book Reviews
Authors: Rand Graham K. 
Published: March 2013

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor will be pleased to receive an e-mail from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor. The following books are reviewed in this issue of Interfaces, 43(2), March–April 2013: Decision Support: An Examination of the DSS Discipline, David Schuff, David Paradice, Frada Burstein, Daniel Power, and Ramesh Sharda, eds.; Quantitative Methods in Supply Chain Management Models and Algorithms, Ioannis T. Christou; Multi-Criteria Analysis in the Renewable Energy Industry (Green Energy and Technology), José Ramón San Cristóbal Mateo; Decision Policies for Production Networks, Dieter Armbruster and Karl G. Kempf, eds.; Taming the Big Data Tidal Wave, Bill Franks; and Demand Flexibility in Supply Chain Planning, Joseph Geunes.
Design and Application of Simple Shear Liquefaction Box
Authors: Eseller-Bayat E. , Gokyer S. , Yegian M. K. , Ortakci E. , Alshawabkeh A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A cyclic simple shear liquefaction box (CSSLB) was designed and manufactured to allow laboratory testing of saturated sands under cyclic or transient strain-controlled conditions. The box accommodates pore water pressure transducers, linear variable displacement transducers, and bender elements and bending disks. To induce shear strains, the box has two rotating walls connected to two translating rigid walls with a flexible sealant. When the tops of the rotating walls are fixed against translation and the base of the CSSLB, which rests on a shaking table, is excited with a displacement time history, shear strains are induced in a soil specimen. Two-dimensional numerical analyses of plan and elevation sections of the CSSLB were performed, demonstrating that the design of the box and the mechanism for shearing can induce controlled shear strains in sand specimens with minimal boundary effects. Example test results from sand specimens subjected to cyclic and earthquake shear strain time histories are presented and illustrate how well the CSSLB with its instrumentation is suited for conducting tests on relatively large soil specimens.
Preliminary Laboratory-Scale Model Auger Installation and Testing of Carbonated Soil-MgO Columns
Authors: Yi Yaolin , Liska Martin , Akinyugha Akinyemi , Unluer Cise , Al-Tabbaa Abir 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper presents details of the installation and performance of carbonated soil-MgO columns using a laboratory-scale model auger setup. MgO grout was mixed with the soil using the auger and the columns were then carbonated with gaseous CO2 introduced in two different ways: one using auger mixing and the other through a perforated plastic tube system inserted into the treated column. The performance of the columns in terms of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), stiffness, strain at failure and microstructure (using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy) showed that the soil-MgO columns were carbonated very quickly (in under 1 h) and yielded relatively high strength values, of 2.4–9.4 MPa, which on average were five times that of corresponding 28-day ambient cured uncarbonated columns. This confirmed, together with observations of dense microstructure and hydrated magnesium carbonates, that a good degree of carbonation had taken place. The results also showed that the carbonation method and period have a significant effect on the resulting performance, with the carbonation through the perforated pipe producing the best results.