bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of analgesic and antipyretic activity of traditional formula used in the treatment of seasonal infections
Authors: Parthiban Kugalur Ganesan , Natesan Senthil Kumar , Sekar Ganesan , Mahalakshm Krishnamoorthi 
Published: August 2013

Traditional treatments and medicines are the main sometimes the only source of health care for millions of people living in rural areas of developing countries. The aim of the present study is to investigate the analgesic and antipyretic activity of individual plant extracts and poly-herbal formula [PHF] made in to liquid dosage form of three different doses in albino rats. The plant materials were extracted in boiling distilled water for six hours, filtered, concentrated and dried. The aqueous extracts were prepared in to poly-herbal liquid dosage form by using water, glycerol mixture and acacia 2% in three different preparation of varying extract doses.1ml of above preparations orally fed for investigation. Pentozocine and paracetamol was used as standard drugs respectively. For individual plants the extracts were suspended in 2% acacia solution and performed. The results of analgesic and anti-pyretic activity of PHF 1 and PHF 2 showed significant results (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively) and PHF3 did not show any significant results. In the individual plant extracts slightly significant activity (P<0.05) was observed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i9.16075 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, August 2013, 2(9): 143-147
Gastroretentive drug delivery system of a lipid lowering agent
Authors: Krishnarajan D. , Kumar N. Senthil , Yadav Rajesh 
Published: August 2013

The objective of this study was to develop mucoadhesive tablets of Simvastatin using natural polymers. Simvastatin has short biological half-life and high first pass metabolism hence which was designed to increase the gastric residence time which prolong the drug release. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique using Carbopol-934, guar gum, xanthine gum and chitosin as polymers. Formulations were evaluated for different parameters like hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, swelling characteristics, in vitro dissolution and kinetic studies. The dissolution was carried out for 12 hours in which the formulation with guar gum has shown highest dissolution release profile (F9). Thus the present study concludes that mucoadhesive tablets of simvastatin can be a good way to pass the extensive hepatic first pass metabolism and to improve the bioavailability of simvastatin.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i9.16077 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, August 2013, 2(9): 152-155
Small intragenic deletion in FOXP2 associated with childhood apraxia of speech and dysarthria
Authors: Turner Samantha J , Hildebrand Michael S. , Block Susan , Damiano John , Fahey Michael , Reilly Sheena , Bahlo Melanie , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Morgan Angela T. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRelatively little is known about the neurobiological basis of speech disorders although genetic determinants are increasingly recognized. The first gene for primary speech disorder was FOXP2, identified in a large, informative family with verbal and oral dyspraxia. Subsequently, many de novo and familial cases with a severe speech disorder associated with FOXP2 mutations have been reported. These mutations include sequencing alterations, translocations, uniparental disomy, and genomic copy number variants. We studied eight probands with speech disorder and their families. Family members were phenotyped using a comprehensive assessment of speech, oral motor function, language, literacy skills, and cognition. Coding regions of FOXP2 were screened to identify novel variants. Segregation of the variant was determined in the probands' families. Variants were identified in two probands. One child with severe motor speech disorder had a small de novo intragenic FOXP2 deletion. His phenotype included features of childhood apraxia of speech and dysarthria, oral motor dyspraxia, receptive and expressive language disorder, and literacy difficulties. The other variant was found in a family in two of three family members with stuttering, and also in the mother with oral motor impairment. This variant was considered a benign polymorphism as it was predicted to be non‐pathogenic with in silico tools and found in database controls. This is the first report of a small intragenic deletion of FOXP2 that is likely to be the cause of severe motor speech disorder associated with language and literacy problems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Infantile mitochondrial hepatopathy is a cardinal feature of MEGDEL syndrome (3‐Methylglutaconic aciduria type IV with sensorineural deafness, encephalopathy and leigh‐Like Syndrome) caused by novel mutations in SERAC1
Authors: Sarig Ofer , Goldsher Dorit , Nousbeck Janna , Fuchs‐Telem Dana , Cohen‐Katsenelson Ksenya , Iancu Theodore C. , Manov Irena , Saada Ann , Sprecher Eli , Mandel Hanna 
Published: August 2013

Abstract3‐Methylglutaconic aciduria (3‐MGCA) type IV is defined as a heterogeneous group of inborn errors featuring in common 3‐MGCA and associated with primary mitochondrial dysfunction leading to a spectrum of multisystem conditions. We studied four patients who presented at birth with a clinical picture simulating a primary mitochondrial hepatic disorder consistent with the MEGDEL syndrome including 3‐MGCA, sensorineural deafness, encephalopathy and a brain magnetic resonance imaging with signs of Leigh disease. All affected children displayed biochemical features consistent with mitochondrial OXPHOS dysfunction including hepatic mitochondrial DNA depletion in one patient. Homozygosity mapping identified a candidate locus on 6q25.2‐6q26. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified two novel homozygous mutations in SERAC1 recently reported to harbor mutations in MEGDEL syndrome. Both mutations were found to lead to decreased or absent expression of SERAC1. The present findings indicate that infantile hepatopathy is a cardinal feature of MEGDEL syndrome. We thus propose to rename the disease MEGDHEL syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three patients resembling Teebi–Shaltout syndrome
Authors: Aldemir Ozgur , Ozen Samim , Erdem Sevcan , Kiraz Aslihan , Akarsu Nurten , Alanay Yasemin 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTTeebi–Shaltout syndrome (TSS) was first reported by Teebi and Shaltout in 1989. This entity is proposed to be inherited in autosomal recessive manner. The clinical features include characteristic facial features, ectodermal dysplasia, camptodactyly, and caudal appendage. Only one additional paper reporting four additional cases has been published since the first description. Clinical features common to all previously affected individuals diagnosed with TSS are craniofacial, orodental‐ectodermal, and skeletal. This report summarizes and discusses the findings of three additional patients from two unrelated families with findings similar to TSS. These findings may be present in a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of disorders similar to TSS. Presence of consanguinity and similarly affected siblings of both genders suggests autosomal recessive inheritance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Co‐occurrence of 22q11 deletion syndrome and hdr syndrome
Authors: Fukai Ryoko , Ochi Nobuhiko , Murakami Akira , Nakashima Mitsuko , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Saitsu Hirotomo , Matsumoto Naomichi , Miyake Noriko 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT22q11 deletion syndrome is one of the most common chromosomal deletion syndromes and is usually caused by a 1.5–3.0 Mb deletion at chromosome 22q11.2. It is characterized by hypocalcemia resulting from hypoplasia of the parathyroid glands, hypoplasia of the thymus, and defects of the cardiac outflow tract. We encountered a Japanese boy presenting with an unusually severe phenotype of 22q11 deletion syndrome, including progressive renal failure and severe intellectual disabilities. Diagnostic testing using fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed deletion of the 22q11 region, but this did not explain the additional complications. Copy number analysis was therefore performed using whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay, which identified an additional de novo deletion at 10p14. This region is the locus for hypoparathyroidism, deafness, and renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome caused by haploinsufficiency of GATA3. Together, these two syndromes sufficiently explain the patient's phenotype. This is the first known case report of the co‐occurrence of 22q11 deletion syndrome and HDR syndrome. As the two syndromes overlap clinically, this study indicates the importance of carrying out careful clinical and genetic assessment of patients with atypical clinical phenotypes or unique complications. Unbiased genetic analysis using whole genome copy number SNP arrays is especially useful for detecting such rare double mutations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth hormone, gender and face shape in prader–willi syndrome
Authors: de Souza Mauren Abreu , McAllister Catherine , Suttie Michael , Perrotta Concetta , Mattina Teresa , Faravelli Francesca , Forzano Francesca , Holland Anthony , Hammond Peter 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPrader–Willi syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from the absence of expression of paternally expressed gene(s) in a highly imprinted region of chromosome 15q11‐13. The physical phenotype includes evidence of growth retardation due to relative growth hormone deficiency, small hands and feet, a failure of normal secondary sexual development, and a facial appearance including narrow bifrontal diameter, almond‐shaped palpebral fissures, narrow nasal root, and thin upper vermilion with downturned corners of the mouth. Anecdotally, the face of individuals with PWS receiving hGH treatment is said to “normalize.” We used dense surface modelling and shape signature techniques to analyze 3D photogrammetric images of the faces of 72 affected and 388 unaffected individuals. We confirmed that adults with Prader–Willi syndrome who had never received human growth supplementation displayed known characteristic facial features. Facial growth was significantly reduced in these adults, especially in males. We demonstrated that following human growth hormone (hGH) supplementation, vertical facial growth of affected individuals falls within the normal range. However, lateral and periorbital face shape and nose shape differences in affected children who have received hGH therapy remain sufficiently strong to be significantly discriminating in comparisons with age–sex matched, unaffected individuals. Finally, we produced evidence that age at initiation and length of treatment with hGH do not appear to play a role in normalization or in consistent alteration of the face shape of affected individuals. This is the first study to provide objective shape analysis of craniofacial effects of hGH therapy in Prader–Willi syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Random walk analysis of ranging patterns of sympatric langurs in a complex resource landscape
Authors: Vandercone Rajnish , Premachandra Kaushalya , Wijethunga Gayan Pradeep , Dinadh Chameera , Ranawana Kithsiri , Bahar Sonya 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe identification of random walk models to characterize the movement patterns of social groups of primates, and the behavioral processes that give rise to such movement patterns, remain open questions in movement ecology. Movement patterns characterized by a power‐law tail with exponent between 1 and 3 (Lévy flight) occur when animals forage on scarce, randomly distributed resources. For primates and similar foragers with memory processes, movements resembling Lévy flights emerge when feeding trees (targets) are randomly distributed and the trunk size distribution of targets follows a power‐law. We tested three competing random walk models to describe movement patterns of two langur species. We found a truncated power law to be the most suitable model. The power‐law model was poorly supported by the data and hence we found no support for Lévy‐flight‐like behavior. Moreover, the spatial distribution of feeding trees and the probability distribution of feeding tree size differed from values suggested to result in Lévy‐flight‐like patterns. We identify intraspecific territoriality, foraging behavior, and the spatial and size distribution of food patches as plausible mechanisms that may have given rise to the observed movement patterns Am. J. Primatol. 75:1209–1219, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rituximab‐Induced T Cell Depletion in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association With Clinical Response
Authors: Mélet J. , Mulleman D. , Goupille P. , Ribourtout B. , Watier H. , Thibault G. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveRituximab, a monoclonal antibody specifically targeting CD20, induces B cell depletion and is effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to evaluate whether routine monitoring of lymphocyte subpopulations, especially T cells, may be useful in patients receiving rituximab for RA.MethodsWe examined data on all RA patients receiving rituximab between July 2007 and November 2012 in our center. Peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3−CD56+, and CD19+ lymphocyte counts before and during the first course of rituximab were measured by flow cytometry. The Mann‐Whitney nonparametric test was used to compare lymphocyte subpopulation counts before and during treatment.ResultsData on 52 patients were examined. Rituximab induced unexpected and substantial depletion of T cells, mainly CD4+ cells, in most patients. The CD4+ cell count decreased by a mean ± SD of 37 ± 33% as compared to baseline at week 12, reaching <200 cells/μl in 3 patients. Importantly, lack of CD4+ cell depletion was associated with no clinical response. Therefore, the mechanism of action of rituximab may depend at least in part on T cells.ConclusionRituximab induces substantial T cell depletion, mainly of CD4+ cells, which is associated with the clinical response in RA. Routine monitoring of T cells may be useful in the clinical setting of RA.
ADAM15 Adds to Apoptosis Resistance of Synovial Fibroblasts by Modulating Focal Adhesion Kinase Signaling
Authors: Böhm Beate B. , Freund Isabell , Krause Kristin , Kinne Raimund W. , Burkhardt Harald 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo study the contribution of ADAM15, a disintegrin metalloproteinase that is up‐regulated in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial membrane, to the characteristic resistance of RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) to apoptosis induction by genotoxic stress or stimulation with proapoptotic FasL, which is present at high concentrations in RA synovial fluid.MethodsCaspase 3/7 activity and the total apoptosis rate in RASFs upon exposure to the DNA‐damaging agent camptothecin or FasL were determined using enzyme assays and annexin V staining. Phosphorylated signaling proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting. RNA interference was used to silence ADAM15 expression. NF‐κB activity was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsRASFs displayed significantly higher caspase 3/7 activity upon camptothecin and FasL exposure when ADAM15 had been down‐regulated by specific small interfering RNAs. Upon FasL stimulation, RASFs phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and c‐Src (Src), and activated phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase as well as the transcription factor NF‐κB. This ADAM15‐dependent, FasL‐induced activation of antiapoptotic kinases and NF‐κB was demonstrated by a marked reduction of apoptosis upon knockdown of ADAM15 protein expression. Inhibitors specifically interfering with FAK and Src signaling, such as FAK inhibitor 14 and dasatinib, potently induce apoptosis in RASFs, with significant enhancement by the silencing of ADAM15.ConclusionADAM15 contributes to apoptosis resistance in RASFs by activating the Src/FAK pathway upon FasL exposure, rendering the FAK/Src signaling pathway an interesting target for potential therapeutic intervention in RA.
Core‐shell nanofibers: Integrating the bioactivity of gelatin and the mechanical property of polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Merkle Valerie M. , Zeng Like , Slepian Marvin J. , Wu Xiaoyi 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTCoaxial electrospinning is used to fabricate nanofibers with gelatin in the shell and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the core in order to derive mechanical strength from PVA and bioactivity from gelatin. At a 1:1 PVA/gelatin mass ratio, the core‐shell nanofiber scaffolds display a Young's modulus of 168.6 ± 36.5 MPa and a tensile strength of 5.42 ± 1.95 MPa, which are significantly higher than those of the scaffolds composed solely of gelatin or PVA. The Young's modulus and tensile strength of the core‐shell nanofibers are further improved by reducing the PVA/gelatin mass ratio from 1:1 to 1:3. The mechanical analysis of the core‐shell nanofibers suggests that the presence of the gelatin shell may improve the molecular alignment of the PVA core, transforming the semi‐crystalline, plastic PVA into a more crystallized, elastic PVA, and enhancing the mechanical properties of the core. Lastly, the PVA/gelatin core‐shell nanofibers possess cellular viability, proliferation, and adhesion similar to these of the gelatin nanofibers, and show significantly higher proliferation and adhesion than the PVA nanofibers. Taken together, the coaxial electrospinning of nanofibers with a core‐shell structure permits integration of the bioactivity of gelatin and the mechanical strength of PVA in single fibers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 336–346, 2014.
Development of advanced antimicrobial and sterilized plasma polypropylene grafted muga (antheraea assama) silk as suture biomaterial
Authors: Gogoi Dolly , Choudhury Arup Jyoti , Chutia Joyanti , Pal Arup Ratan , Khan Mojibur , Choudhury Manash , Pathak Pallabi , Das Gouranga , Patil Dinkar S. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTSurface modification of silk fibroin (SF) materials using environmentally friendly and non‐hazardous process to tailor them for specific application as biomaterials has drawn a great deal of interest in the field of biomedical research. To further explore this area of research, in this report, polypropylene (PP) grafted muga (Antheraea assama) SF (PP‐AASF) suture is developed using plasma treatment and plasma graft polymerization process. For this purpose, AASF is first sterilized in argon (Ar) plasma treatment followed by grafting PP onto its surface. AASF is a non‐mulberry variety having superior qualities to mulberry SF and is still unexplored in the context of suture biomaterial. AASF, Ar plasma treated AASF (AASFAr) and PP‐AASF are subjected to various characterization techniques for better comparison and the results are attempted to correlate with their observed properties. Excellent mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, antibacterial behavior, and remarkable wound healing activity of PP‐AASF over AASF and AASFAr make it a promising candidate for application as sterilized suture biomaterial. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 355–365, 2014.
Female‐perpetrated intimate partner violence: An examination of three cases using multiple sequential functional analysis
Authors: Mappin Lyndsay , Dawson David L. , Gresswell David M. , Beckley Kerry 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent empirical evidence suggests that women assault their intimate partners at approximately the same rate as men. However, a general historical reluctance to acknowledge women as significant perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) has limited clinical understanding of this phenomenon and the processes by which such behaviour may develop.AimThe following paper uses multiple sequential functional analysis (MSFA), an idiographic case formulation method based on functional analysis, to explore the development and functional value of IPV in the case histories of three women.MethodData from comprehensive clinical interviews, file review and collateral professional interviews are synthesised using MSFA to examine the development and maintenance of IPV across each participant's lifespan.ResultsAlthough there appeared to be important differences between participants, the analyses broadly indicated that all three participants used violence instrumentally to achieve some aspect of control or coercion over their intimate partners, and to meet their primary intimacy needs.ConclusionsThe MSFA appears to be a useful methodology for understanding female‐perpetrated IPV and, importantly, may lend itself more readily to effective formulation‐informed interventions than other qualitative‐narrative case methods. The strengths and limitations of MSFA as a pragmatic case formulation method are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 30‐year study of homicide recidivism and schizophrenia
Authors: Golenkov Andrei , Large Matthew , Nielssen Olav 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundA second homicide by a released mentally ill person is a potentially avoidable tragedy that can reduce the prospects of conditional release for other mentally ill offenders.AimThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical and criminological features of single and recidivist homicide offenders with schizophrenia from the Chuvash Republic of the Russian Federation.MethodsData were extracted from the criminal and clinical records of all people with schizophrenia who had been convicted of a homicide in the Chuvash Republic at any time between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 2010. Those convicted of a second homicide offence during the 30 years of the study were compared with those convicted of a single homicide.ResultsSixteen (10.7%) of 149 homicide offenders with schizophrenia had committed a previous homicide. The 16 recidivists included nine offenders who were diagnosed with schizophrenia at the time of their first homicide (after January 1981), three who were diagnosed with schizophrenia only after the first homicide and four who had already been diagnosed with schizophrenia at the time of a pre‐1981 homicide. Time at risk for recidivists and non‐recidivists differed, but the average time back in the community for the non‐recidivists just exceeded the average time to second homicide for the recidivists. All the recidivists were men. Living in a rural area and dissocial personality traits were associated with homicide recidivism.Conclusions and implications for practiceIn the Chuvash republic, most of the repeat homicide offences by people with schizophrenia were committed by people residing in rural areas with less access to psychiatric services, which provides indirect evidence for the efficacy of ongoing treatment and supervision in preventing repeat homicides. This area of study is, however, limited by the small numbers of cases and the long follow‐up required. International collaborative studies are indicated to provide a more accurate estimate of the rate of recidivist homicide in schizophrenia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.