bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liking and Following and the Newsvendor: Operations and Marketing Policies Under Social Influence
Authors: Hu Ming , Milner Joseph , Wu Jiahua 
Published: August 2015

We consider a monopolistic firm selling two substitutable products to a stream of sequential arrivals whose purchase decisions can be influenced by earlier purchases. Before demand realizes, the firm faces a newsvendor problem for the two products with economies of scale in production for each. When consumers are responsive to others’ decisions, social influence amplifies demand uncertainty, leading to a lower profit for the firm. We propose three solutions for the firm to better cope with or even benefit from social influence: influencer recruitment and a reduced product assortment either before demand realization (ex ante) or under production postponement (ex post). First, the firm can offer promotional incentives to recruit consumers as influencers. We reveal an operational benefit of influencer marketing that a very small fraction of such influencers is sufficient to diminish sales’ unpredictability. Second, as the potential substitutability between products increases due to social influence, the firm may leverage the increased substitutability and enjoy lower cost in production by reducing product assortment before demand realization. Last, under production postponement, the firm can take advantage of the way that social influence results in demand herding and reduce product varieties by reacting to preorder information. This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Do guests get their expected dishes or not? Evaluation of food & beverage services in hotel establishments: Case of Antalya<p>Misafir umduğunu mu yer bulduğunu mu? Otel işletmelerinde yiyecek – içecek hizmetlerinin değerlendirilmesi: Antalya örneği
Authors: Görkem Onur 
Published: August 2015

<p>Transportation, accomodation and food &amp; beverage services are the basic components of the tourism industry. As well as these services mean the biggest amount of the total tourism expences, but at the same time these services are the main actors for tourist satisfaction. On the other side, food &amp; beverage service has an extra importance for tourist satisfaction. Because it meets the vital and continuous necessities of the tourists. So, food &amp; beverage service is one of the most important components of tourist satisfactin. The main subject of this study is to investigate the level of tourist satisfaction for food &amp; beverage services and to note any differences in satisfaction levels between the dimensions of satisfaction. Within the aim of the study research data gained from 25915 guests who reserved hotels in 2013 summer season in Antalya and completed the online survey related to their holiday experiences. The study findings showed that, there was difference (p&lt;0,05) between perception of satisfaction dimensions and the lowest perception was made for food &amp; beverage services. The hightist perceptions were made for five star hotels in Belek region, and the lowest perceptions were made for tree star hotels in Kemer region for food &amp; beverage services.</p><p align="left"><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Ulaştırma, konaklama ve yiyecek içecek hizmetleri turizm sektörünün temel bileşenleridir. Bu hizmetler, turistik harca-malarının en önemli kalemleri oldukları gibi, seyahate ilişkin memnuniyet düzeylerinin oluşmasında da en önemli faktörlerdir. Ancak yiyecek içecek hizmetleri, yaşamsal ve süreklilik gösteren bir gereksinimi karşılıyor olması nedeniyle memnuniyet algısının en önemli unsurlarındandır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, Antalya’da hizmet sunan otellerin yiyecek içecek hizmetlerine ilişkin konuk değerlendirmelerinin tespiti ve ilgili değerlendirme düzeylerinin otel tiplerine ve konumlarına gore farklılık gösterip göster-mediğinin araştırılmasıdır. Söz konusu amaç doğrultusunda 2013 yaz sezonunda <a href="http://www.tatilsepeti.com">www.tatilsepeti.com</a> çevrim içi seyahat acentesi aracılığıyla Antalya destinasyonu için rezervasyon yaptıran ve tatil sonrası online değerlendirme anketine katılan 25915 konu-ğun otel değerlendirmesi analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma bulgularına göre, yiyecek içecek hizmetlerine ilişkin değerlendirmelerin diğer hizmet boyutlarına göre p&lt;0,05 düzeyinde anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Yiyecek içecek hizmetlerine ilişkin değerlendirme düzeyinin ise diğer hizmet boyutlarına gore en düşük düzeyde kaldığı anlaşılmıştır. Yiyecek içecek hizmetlerine ilişkin en olumlu değerlendirmenin Belek bölgesi beş yıldızlı otelleri, en olumsuz değerlendirmenin ise Kemer bölgesi üç yıldızlı otelleri için söz konusu olduğu anlaşılmıştır.</p>
Recovery Of Electrodic Powder From Spent Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs)
Authors: Shin S.M. , Jung G.J. , Lee Woo-Jin , Kang C.Y. , Wang J.P. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study was focused on recycling process newly proposed to recover electrodic powder enriched in cobalt (Co) and lithium (Li) from spent lithium ion battery. In addition, this new process was designed to prevent explosion of batteries during thermal treatment under inert atmosphere. Spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) were heated over the range of 300°C to 600°C for 2 hours and each component was completely separated inside reactor after experiment. Electrodic powder was successfully recovered from bulk components containing several pieces of metals through sieving operation. The electrodic powder obtained was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA) and furthermore image of the powder was taken by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was finally found that cobalt and lithium were mainly recovered to about 49 wt.% and 4 wt.% in electrodic powder, respectively.
Design Of A Bi-Functional α-Fe2O3/Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ By Layer-By-Layer Assembly Method
Authors: Yu Ri , Yun Juyeon , Pee Jae-Hwan , Kim Yoojin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This work describes the design of bi-functional α-Fe2O3/Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ using a two-step coating process. We propose a combination of pigments (α-Fe2O3) and phosphor (Zn2SiO4:Mn2+) glaze which is assembled using a layer-by-layer method. A silica-coated α-Fe2O3 pigment was obtained by a sol-gel method and a Zn2+ precursor was then added to the silica-coated α-Fe2O3 to create a ZnO layer. Finally, the Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ layer was prepared with the addition of Mn2+ ions to serve as a phosphor precursor in the multi-coated α-Fe2O3, followed by annealing at a temperature above 1000°C. Details of the phase structure, color and optical properties of the multi-functional α-Fe2O3/Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses.
Alumina Coating To Realize Desired Pore Characteristics Of Sintered Diatomite Membrane
Authors: Ha J.-H. , Park Y.-H. , Song I.-H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Porous ceramic membranes prepared from natural materials such as diatomite, have lately attracted great interest in industrial applications due to their cost-effectiveness. In this study, we attempted to prepare an alumina coating to be deposited over a sintered diatomite-kaolin composite support layer in order to reduce the largest pore size to below 0.4 μm; such a coating could be potentially used in water treatment applications for bacterial removal.
Characterization Of Cladding Hull Wastes From Used Nuclear Fuels
Authors: Kang K.H. , Lee C.H. , Jeon M.K. , Han S.Y. , Park G.I. , Hwang S.-M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Used cladding hulls from pressurized water reactor (PWR) are characterized to provide useful information for the treatment and disposal of cladding hull wastes. The radioactivity and the mass of gamma emitting nuclides increases with an increase in the fuel burn-up and their removal ratios are found to be more than 99 wt.% except Co-60 and Cs-137. In the result of measuring the concentrations of U and Pu included in the cladding hull wastes, most of the residues are remained on the surface and the removal ratio of U and Pu are revealed to be over 99.98 wt.% for the fuel burn-up of 35,000 MWd/tU. An electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) line scanning shows that radioactive fission products are penetrated into the Zr oxide layer, which is proportional to the fuel burn-up. The oxidative decladding process exhibits more efficient removal ratio of radionuclides.
Compositional Dependence Of Hardness Of Ge-Sb-Se Glass For Molded Lens Applications
Authors: Park J.K. , Lee J.H. , Shin S.Y. , Yi J.H. , Lee W.H. , Park B.J. , Choi J.H. , Kim N.Y. , Choi Y.G. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Chalcogenide glass in the ternary Ge-Sb-Se system is inherently moldable, thus being considered as a strong candidate material for use in infrared-transmitting lens applications from the viewpoint of thermal and mechanical stability. In an effort to experimentally determine compositional region suitable for the molded lens applications, we evaluate its compositional dependence of hardness. Among the constituent atoms, Ge content turns out to exert a most conspicuous correlation with hardness. This phenomenological behavior is then explained in connection with the structural evolution that Ge brings about.
Microstructure And Thermoelectric Properties Of Tags-90 Compounds Fabricated By Mechanical Milling Process
Authors: Kim H.-S , Babu M. , Hong S.-J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
TAGS-90 compound powder was directly prepared from the elements by high-energy ball milling (HEBM) and subsequently consolidated by a spark plasma sintering (SPS). Effect of milling time on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of the samples were investigated. The particle size of fabricated powders were decreased with increasing milling time, finally fine particles with ~1μm size was obtained at 90 min. The SPS samples exhibited higher relative densities (>99%) with fine grain size. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and energy dispersion analysis (EDS) results revealed that all the samples were single phase of GeTe with exact composition. The electrical conductivity of samples were decreased with milling time, whereas Seebeck coefficient increased over the temperature range of RT~450°C. The highest power factor was 1.12×10−3W/mK2 obtained for the sample with 90 min milling at 450°C.
Graphite Nanosheet Exfoliation From Graphite Flakes Through Functionalization Using Phthalic Acid
Authors: Kim J.H. , Lee J.-H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn order to fabricate graphite nanosheets from graphite flakes, edge-functionalized graphite nanosheets were prepared by a functionalization method using phthalic acid as the molecule to be grafted. A polyphosphoric acid/P2O5solution containing graphite and phthalic acid were heated at different temperatures for 72 h in a nitrogen atmosphere. It was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy that the resultant phthalic acid-functionalized graphite nanosheets had a large surface area of 20.69μm2in average and an average thickness of 1.39 nm. It was also found by X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis that the functionalization caused the formation of C=O bonds at the edges of the graphite nanosheets. The yield from this functionalization method was found to be dependent on the reaction temperature, only when it is between 70 and 130°C, because of the dehydration of phthalic acid at higher temperatures. This was confirmed by FT-IR analysis and the observation of low thermal energies at low temperatures.
Formation And Stabilization Of Silver Nanoparticles In Ethanol By Phosphinic Acid
Authors: Kim J.-K. , Shim H.M. , Park M.-J. , Koo K.-K. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Although phosphinic acid (H3PO2) has a powerful reduction potential, the reduction of silver ions by phosphinic acid salt has not yet been reported. In this work, colloidal silver has successfully synthesized by reducing silver ions in ethanol with phosphinic acid as a reducing agent. The effects of [AgNO3]/[H3PO2] ratios and reaction temperature were considered. Spherical silver nanoparticles with cubic structure were successfully prepared and their diameters were measured to be 8.5±0.9 nm − 11.3±0.2 nm. Half-life analysis showed that the reduction of silver ions proceeded with the reaction order of 1.30 on concentration of phosphinic acid and activation energy of 120.7 kJ/mol.
Comparison Of Mercury Distribution Between The Types Of Spent Fluorescent Lamp
Authors: Rhee S.W. , Park H.-S. , Choi H.H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Spent fluorescent lamps(SFLs) such as linear type lamp, compact type lamp and U-type lamp are used to estimate mercury distribution in the components of lamps. Determination of mercury concentration in the components of spent fluorescent lamp is performed by the DMA method. Mercury concentration in the components of spent fluorescent lamp can be varied with the manufactures of lamp. Mercury portion in phosphor powder and glass from any types of spent fluorescent lamp is estimated to be higher than 99% by the analysis of mercury distribution. Through mercury distribution in the components for SFLs, the mercury concentration in phosphor powder is much higher than that in other components regardless of the type of lamp. Hence, it is desirable that phosphor powder of spent fluorescent lamps should be controlled separately and safely.
Novel Extraction Process Of Rare Earth Elements From NdFeB Powders Via Alkaline Treatment
Authors: Chung K.W. , Kim C.-J. , Yoon H.-S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The alkaline treatment of NdFeB powders in NaOH solution at various equivalent amounts of NaOH at 100°C was performed. The resultant powders were then leached in 0.5M H2SO4 solution at 25°C for 2 minutes. At 5 equivalents of NaOH, neodymium in NdFeB powders was partially transformed to neodymium hydroxide. The transformation of neodymium to neodymium hydroxide actually occurred at 10 equivalents of NaOH and was facilitated by increasing the equivalent of NaOH from 10 to 30. In addition, iron was partially transformed to magnetite during the alkaline treatment, which was also promoted at a higher equivalent of NaOH. The leaching yield of neodymium from alkaline-treated powders was increased with an increasing equivalent of NaOH up to 10; however, it slightly decreased with the equivalent NaOH of over 10. The leaching yield of iron was inversely proportional to that of rare earth elements. NdFeB powders treated at 10 equivalents of NaOH showed a maximum leaching yield of neodymium and dysprosium of 91.6% and 94.6%, respectively, and the lowest leaching yield of iron of 24.2%, resulting in the highest selective leaching efficiency of 69.4%.
Analysis Of Drilling Of A Metal Plate With Pilot Hole
Authors: Kim K.S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper performed a numerical analysis study of the cutting characteristics when drilling a taper hole whose upper and lower diameters are different, that is, a pilot hole. 3-dimensional drilling analysis was performed using a commercial code, and these results were used to determine analytically and compare the cutting temperature, the phenomenon of cutting chip formation, deformation and pressure, etc., for the tools, chips, and specimens during cutting. Also, cutting force and the required energy were calculated and compared. To verify the results of analysis, a cutting dynamometer was used to analyze 3-axis cutting force. Results of analysis showed that the specimen maintained a temperature of approximately 650°, with rapid cooling after chips were formed from the specimen. The tool reached a maximum of 700°, similarly to the chips. It is expected that these results will be utilized to optimize cutting processes and work conditions when drilling holes.
Effect Of Carbon Nanotubes On The Properties Of Spark Plasma Sintered ZrO2/CNT Composites
Authors: Shim D.H. , Jung S.S. , Kim H.S. , Cho H. , Kim J.K. , Kim T.G. , Yoon S.J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Zirconia matrix ZrO2/CNT composite materials reinforced with multiwall carbon nanotubes were fabricated using a spark plasma sintering technique. The effects of the amount of CNTs addition, sintering temperature and sintering pressure on the properties of the resulting ZrO2/CNT composites were examined. 0 to 9 vol. % CNTs were dispersed in zirconia powder, and the resulting mixture was sintered. The electrical conductivity, hardness, flexural strength, and density were measured to characterize the composites. The friction and wear properties of the composites were also tested. The flexural strength and friction coefficient of the composites were improved with up to 6 vol.% of CNT addition and the flexural strength showed a close relationship with the relative density of the composite. The electrical conductivity increased with increasing proportion of the CNTs, but the efficiency was reduced at more than 6 vol.% CNTs.
Thermal Plasma Decomposition Of Nickel And Cobalt Compounds
Authors: Woch M. , Lis M. , Kołacz D. , Kamińska M. , Staszewski M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the study on manufacturing of nickel and cobalt powders by thermal plasma decomposition of the carbonates of these metals. It was shown the dependence of process parameters and grain size of initial powder on the composition of final product which was ether metal powder, collected in the container as well as the nanopowder with crystallite size of 70 - 90 nm, collected on the inner wall of the reaction chamber. The occurrence of metal oxides in the final products was confirmed and discussed.
Recovery Of Nickel From Spent Nickel-Cadmium Batteries Using A Direct Reduction Process
Authors: Shin D.J. , Joo S.-H. , Wang J.-P. , Shin S.-M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Most nickel is produced as Ferro-Nickel through a smelting process from Ni-bearing ore. However, these days, there have been some problems in nickel production due to exhaustion and the low-grade of Ni-bearing ore. Moreover, the smelting process results in a large amount of wastewater, slag and environmental risk. Therefore, in this research, spent Ni-Cd batteries were used as a base material instead of Ni-bearing ore for the recovery of Fe-Ni alloy through a direct reduction process. Spent Ni-Cd batteries contain 24wt% Ni, 18.5wt% Cd, 12.1% C and 27.5wt% polymers such as KOH. For pre-treatment, Cd was vaporized at 1024K. In order to evaluate the reduction conditions of nickel oxide and iron oxide, pre-treated spent Ni-Cd batteries were experimented on under various temperatures, gas-atmospheres and crucible materials. By a series of process, alloys containing 75 wt% Ni and 20 wt% Fe were produced. From the results, the reduction mechanism of nickel oxide and iron oxide were investigated.
Large-Area Sodium Titanate Nanorods Formed On Titanium Surface Via NaOH Alkali Treatment
Authors: Lee K. , Yoo D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTi surfaces covered with large sodium titanate nanorods act as efficient electrodes for energy conversion and environmental applications. In this study, sodium titanate nanorod films were prepared on a Ti substrate in a 5M NaOH aqueous solution followed by heat treatment. The morphological characterization and the crystal structures of the sodium titanate nanorods were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Thin amorphous sodium titanate layers formed during the alkali-treatment, and sodium titanate nanorods were obtained after heat treatment at a temperature of 700°C. The sodium titanate nanorods obtained at this temperature had a thickness of about 80 nm and a length of 1μm. The crystal structure of the sodium titanate was identified with the use of Na2Ti5O11. The nanorods were agglomerated at a temperature above 900°C, and large-scale nanorods formed on the Ti surface, which may be used for electrodes for energy conversion applications.
An Analysis Of Stress Intensity Factor Due To Normal Stress For A Cracked Plate Reinforced With A Sheet By Seam Welding
Authors: Kim O-H. , Kim Y.C. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
It is essential in damage tolerance design to determine the stress intensity factor theoretically. The stress intensity factor for a cracked plate that is reinforced with a sheet by seam welding is determined theoretically and plotted as function of the seam welding location and stiffness ratio. The singular integral equation is derived based on the compatibility condition between the cracked plate and the reinforcement plate, and it is solved by means of Erdogan and Gupta‘s method. The theory is verified by comparing the results of the present analysis with those of a numerical analysis. The results from the present analysis show that the reinforcement effect improves as the welding line is situated closer to the crack and as the stiffness ratio of the cracked plate and the reinforcement plate increases.
Synthesis Of Magnesium-Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxides By Mechanochemical Method And Its Solid State Reaction Kinetics
Authors: Hongbo Y. , Meiling C. , Xiuhui W. , Hong G. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A mechanochemical method is developed in preparing magnesium-aluminum-layered double hydroxides (MgAl-LDHs). This approach includes activation process and diffusion process. In order to verify the LDHs structure and study the reaction kinetics, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, inductively coupled plasma(ICP) and physical adsorption instrument were characterized. The results show that activation time can change the surface of particles and affect the reaction grade. During the diffusion process, reaction time is the most important factor. The reaction energy (ΔQ) was calculated that is 6kJ/mol.
Analysis Of The Extrusion Process Of A Square Tube Multi-Channel Heat Pipe
Authors: Kim K.S. , Kim J.Y. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Heat pipes have been recently in use for cooling purposes in various fields, including electronic circuit boards and vehicle parts that generate large amounts of heat. In order to minimize the loss of heat transferred, there is a need to maximize the contact area of the working fluid. This study produced a square tube multi-channel heat pipe to replace the existing circular pipe type to maximize the internal surface area thereof. This expands the surface, allowing the working fluid to come into contact with a wider area and enhancing thermal radiation performance. A mold for the production for such a product was designed, and finite element simulation was performed to determine whether production is possible.
Improved Light Conversion Efficiency Of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell By Dispersing Submicron-Sized Granules Into The Nano-Sized TiO2 Layer
Authors: Song S.A. , Lim M.J. , Jung K.Y. , So W.-W. , Moon S.-J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this work, TiO2 nanoparticles and submicron-sized granules were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and spray pyrolysis, respectively. Submicron-sized granules were dispersed into the nano-sized TiO2 layer to improve the light conversion efficiency. Granules showed better light scattering, but lower in terms of the dye-loading quantity and recombination resistance compared with nanoparticles. Consequently, the nano-sized TiO2 layer had higher cell efficiency than the granulized TiO2 layer. When dispersed granules into the nanoparticle layer, the light scattering was enhanced without the loss of dye-loading quantities. The dispersion of granulized TiO2 led to increase the cell efficiency up to 6.51%, which was about 5.2 % higher than that of the electrode consisting of only TiO2 nanoparticles. Finally, the optimal hydrothermal temperature and dispersing quantity of granules were found to be 200°C and 20 wt%, respectively.