bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining the Content of an Opportunistic Osteoarthritis Consultation With Primary Health Care Professionals: A Delphi Consensus Study
Authors: Finney Andrew , Porcheret Mark , Grime Janet , Jordan Kelvin P. , Handy June , Healey Emma , Ryan Sarah , Jester Rebecca , Dziedzic Krysia 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo define the core content for an opportunistic consultation between a health care professional (HCP) and a patient with osteoarthritis (OA) in primary care.MethodsAn ideas generation round and a 2‐round Delphi postal consensus study allowed participants to rank the importance of tasks for an opportunistic consultation. The study was conducted with a lay group (n = 18) and 3 groups of HCPs (n = 30 for general practitioners, n = 19 for practice nurses, and n = 37 for allied health professionals).ResultsThe ideas generation round formulated 35 consultation tasks. There was a 50% response rate to the 2‐round postal exercise (n = 52). Consensus was reached on 12 tasks for an opportunistic OA consultation using a >80% level of agreement across all groups. Three of these consultation tasks were defined at 100%. The 3 tasks were questions asked by the HCP about how things are going with the condition, the type and amount of pain the patient has, and whether the patient is taking regular analgesia.ConclusionIn a Delphi study to define the content of an opportunistic primary care OA consultation, 12 consultation tasks provided the content of a comprehensive consultation. Three of these tasks with 100% agreement could be adopted in any multidisciplinary consultation for OA in primary care. Inquiring about the condition, the type and amount of pain the patient has, and whether analgesia is being taken forms a core set of questions that are considered important by both lay and health professional groups in an opportunistic consultation.
Crosscultural Measurement Equivalence of the Health Assessment Questionnaire II
Authors: Oude Voshaar Martijn A. H. , Glas Cees A. W. , ten Klooster Peter M. , Taal Erik , Wolfe Frederick , van de Laar Mart A. F. J. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo evaluate the crosscultural measurement equivalence of the US and Dutch Health Assessment Questionnaire II (HAQ‐II) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsItem response theory (IRT) analyses were performed on US (n = 18,747) and Dutch (n = 1,022) HAQ‐II data to evaluate the equivalence of crosscultural item performance. The observed inconsistencies were modeled by assigning country‐specific item parameters to biased items. The impact of crosscultural item bias on the comparability of the Dutch and US total scores was analyzed by evaluating the agreement between physical function levels estimated from an IRT model with country‐specific item parameters for biased items and physical function levels estimated from the original model that did not account for cultural bias.ResultsTwo items showed significant crosscultural bias. However, the agreement in physical function estimates between the respecified and original models was very high, with an intraclass correlation coefficient >0.99 and Bland‐Altman limits of agreement ranging from −0.08 to −0.01 on a latent scale with a mean of 0 and an SD of 1.ConclusionThis study suggests that the Dutch and US HAQ‐II produce total scores that can be interpreted interchangeably across countries in RA studies, despite some minor bias at the item level.
Associations of Educational Attainment, Occupation, and Community Poverty With Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Cleveland Rebecca j. , Schwartz Todd A. , Prizer Lindsay P. , Randolph Randy , Schoster Britta , Renner Jordan B. , Jordan Joanne M. , Callahan Leigh F. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo examine cross‐sectional baseline data from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project for the association between individual and community socioeconomic status (SES) measures with hip osteoarthritis (OA) outcomes.MethodsWe analyzed data on 3,087 individuals (68% white and 32% African American). Educational attainment and occupation were used as individual measures of SES. Census block group household poverty rate was used as a measure of community SES. Hip OA outcomes included radiographic OA and symptomatic OA in one or both hip joints. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association of each hip OA outcome with each SES variable separately, and then with all SES measures simultaneously. Associations between hip OA outcomes and SES variables were evaluated for effect modification by race and sex.ResultsLiving in a community of high household poverty rate showed independent associations with hip radiographic OA in one or both hips (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.18–1.92) and bilateral (both hips) radiographic OA (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.32–2.66). Similar independent associations were found between low educational attainment among those with symptomatic OA in one or both hips (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.09–1.91) or bilateral symptomatic OA (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.08–3.39), after adjusting for all SES measures simultaneously. No significant associations were observed between occupation and hip OA outcomes, nor did race or sex modify the associations.ConclusionOur data provide evidence that hip OA outcomes are associated with both education and community SES measures, associations that remained after adjustment for covariates and all SES measures.
Architecturing of Metal‐Based Composites with Concurrent Nanostructuring: A New Paradigm of Materials Design
Authors: Bouaziz Olivier , Kim Hyong Seop , Estrin Yuri 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOver the past decades severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques advanced to one of the most potent ways of producing bulk ultrafine grained materials. The main advantage of SPD is the ultra‐high strength they can deliver. While the improvement of the strength there is a limit to what is achievable SPD when they are applied to individual materials especially for strain‐hardening and ductility. Therefore a new application of SPD processes in manufacturing of architecture hybrid materials with simultaneous nanostructuring is investigated experimentally and theoretically.
A Possible Reaction Pathway to Fabricate a Half‐Metallic Wire on a Silicon Surface
Authors: Lu Yun Hao , Jin Hongmei , Zhu Hongjun , Yang Shuo‐Wang , Zhang Chun , Jiang Jian Zhong , Feng Yuan Ping 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBased on first‐principles electronic structure calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, a possible reaction pathway for fabricating half‐metallic Mo‐borine sandwich molecular wires on a hydrogen‐passivated Si(001) surface is presented. The molecular wire is chemically bonded to the silicon surface and is stable up to room temperature. Interestingly, the essential properties of the molecular wire are not significantly affected by the Si substrate. Furthermore, their electronic and magnetic properties are tunable by an external electric field, which allows the molecular wire to function as a molecular switch or a basic component for information storage devices, leading to applications in future molecular electronic and spintronic devices.
Arsonic Acid Self‐Assembled Monolayers Protect Oxide Surfaces from Micronewton Nanomechanical Forces
Authors: LaFranzo Natalie A. , Maurer Joshua A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe development of new surface coatings is critical for combating wear and increasing the device lifetime in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Here, a class of arsonic acid self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) is reported that form readily on oxide substrates including silicon oxide, borosilicate glass, and titanium oxide. Monolayers are easily prepared using a straightforward soaking technique, which is amenable to large‐scale commercial applications. Monolayer formation on borosilicate glass and titanium oxide is characterized using infrared spectroscopy. Monolayers on borosilicate glass, native silicon oxide and titanium oxide are evaluated with contact angle measurements, as well as wear measurements using nanoscratching experiments. On titanium oxide and borosilicate glass, monolayers prepared from hexadecylarsonic acid provide significantly greater surface protection than surfaces reacted under similar conditions with hexadecylphosphonic acid, a common modifying agent for oxide substrates.
Highly Stable Graphene‐Based Multilayer Films Immobilized via Covalent Bonds and Their Applications in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Ou Xiaowei , Jiang Lang , Chen Penglei , Zhu Mingshan , Hu Wenping , Liu Minghua , Zhu Junfa , Ju Huanxin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHighly stable graphene oxide (GO)‐based multilayered ultrathin films can be covalently immobilized on solid supports through a covalent‐based method. It is demonstrated that when (3‐aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS), which works as a covalent cross‐linking agent, and GO nanosheets are assembled in an layer‐by‐layer (LBL) manner, GO nanosheets can be covalently grafted on the solid substrate successfully to produce uniform multilayered (APTMS/GO)N films over large‐area surfaces. Compared with conventional noncovalent LBL films constructed by electrostatic interactions, those assembled using this covalent‐based method display much higher stability and reproducibility. Upon thermal annealing‐induced reduction of the covalent (APTMS/GO)N films, the obtained reduced GO (RGO) films, (APTMS/RGO)N, preserve their basic structural characteristics. It is also shown that the as‐prepared covalent (APTMS/RGO)N multilayer films can be used as highly stable source/drain electrodes in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). When the number of bilayers of the (APTMS/RGO)N film exceeds 2 (ca. 2.7 nm), the OFETs based on (APTMS/RGO)N electrodes display much better electrical performance than devices based on 40 nm Au electrodes. The covalent protocol proposed may open up new opportunities for the construction of graphene‐based ultrathin films with excellent stability and reproducibility, which are desired for practical applications that require withstanding of multistep post‐production processes.
Micro and Nanoparticle‐Based Delivery Systems for Vaccine Immunotherapy: An Immunological and Materials Perspective
Authors: Leleux Jardin , Roy Krishnendu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe development and widespread application of vaccines has been one of the most significant achievements of modern medicine. Vaccines have not only been instrumental in controlling and even eliminating life‐threatening diseases like polio, measles, diphtheria, etc., but have also been immensely powerful in enhancing the worldwide outlook of public health over the past century. Despite these successes, there are still many complex disorders (e.g., cancer, HIV, and other emerging infectious diseases) for which effective preventative or therapeutic vaccines have been difficult to develop. This failure can be attributed primarily to our inability to precisely control and modulate the highly complex immune memory response, specifically the cellular response. Dominated by B and T cell maturation and function, the cellular response is primarily initiated by potent immunostimulators and antigens. Efficient and targeted delivery of these immunomodulatory and immunostimulatory molecules to appropriate cells is key to successful development of next generation vaccine formulations. Over the past decade, particulate carriers have emerged as an attractive means for enhancing the delivery efficacy and potency of vaccines and associated immunomodulatory molecules. Specifically, polymer‐based micro and nanoparticles are being extensively studied for a wide variety of applications. In this review, we discuss the immunological fundamentals for developing effective vaccines and how materials and material properties can be exploited to improve these therapies. Particular emphasis is given to polymer‐based particles and how the route of administration of particulate systems affects the phenotype and robustness of an immune response. Comparison of various strategies and recent advancements in the field are discussed along with insights into current limitations and future directions.
Endotoxin Removal by Magnetic Separation‐Based Blood Purification
Authors: Herrmann Inge K. , Urner Martin , Graf Samuel , Schumacher Christoph M. , Roth‐Z'graggen Birgit , Hasler Melanie , Stark Wendelin J. , Beck‐Schimmer Beatrice 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis work describes a magnetic separation‐based approach using polymyxin B‐functionalized metal alloy nanomagnets for the rapid elimination of endotoxins from human blood in vitro and functional assays to evaluate the biological relevance of the blood purification process. Playing a central role in gram‐negative sepsis, bacteria‐derived endotoxins are attractive therapeutic targets. However, both direct endotoxin detection in and removal from protein‐rich fluids remains challenging. We present the synthesis and functionalization of ultra‐magnetic cobalt/iron alloy nanoparticles and a magnetic separation‐based approach using polymyxin B‐functionalized nanomagnets to remove endotoxin from human blood in vitro. Conventional chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assays confirm decreased endotoxin activity in purified compared to untreated samples. Functional assays assessing key steps in host defense against bacteria show an attenuated inflammatory mediator expression from human primary endothelial cells in response to purified blood samples compared to untreated blood and less chemotactic activity. Exposing Escherichia coli‐positive blood samples to polymyxin B‐functionalized nanomagnets even impairs the ability of gram‐negative bacteria to form colony forming units, thus making magnetic separation based blood purification a promising new approach for future sepsis treatment.
NIR Mega‐Stokes Fluorophores for Bioorthogonal Labeling and Energy Transfer Systems–An Efficient Quencher for Daunomycin
Authors: Cserép Gergely B. , Enyedi Kata N. , Demeter Attila , Mező Gábor , Kele Péter 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA set of new azide‐ and alkyne‐bearing lepidinium‐based fluorophores were synthesized for bioorthogonal labeling schemes. These fluorescent dyes all show large Stokes‐shifts with emission maxima in the near‐infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The applicability of these dyes in the construction of energy‐transfer systems was tested using one of these new fluorescent tags and daunomycin (Dau), an anticancer drug with fluorescent features. These daunomycin conjugates are the very first examples of fluorescently modulated constructs of this anticancer agent. The dually labeled architectures proved that the applied fluorescent dye can be utilized as an efficient quencher for daunomycin. Enzymatic cleavage of a dually labeled enzyme substrate resulted in full recovery of the fluorescence of daunomycin. Such fluorescently modulated Dau conjugates can provide useful information for the mechanism of action of Dau‐regulated cell death processes.
Tragverhalten von Offshore Gründungskonstruktionen
Authors: Rücker Werner , Lüddecke Falk , Thöns Sebastian 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDieser Artikel enthält eine Zusammenfassung von Ergebnissen des Forschungsverbundvorhabens “OGOWIN: Optimierung aufgelöster Gründungsstrukturen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen hinsichtlich Materialeinsatz, Montageablauf und neuer Fertigungsverfahren”. Die Ergebnisse umfassen (1) eine Untersuchung des dynamischen Verhaltens der verschiedenen Gründungsvarianten Monopile, Tripod und Jacket, (2) die Ermittlung einer Wöhlerlinie für den Grundwerkstoff eines Stahlgussknotens, (3) die Ermittlung der Traglast eines Stahlgussknotens in einem 1:1‐Versuch sowie (4) Berechnungen zur Form‐ und Materialoptimierung. Zur Überwachung der Gebrauchstauglichkeit während des Betriebes wurden relevante Parameter hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf die ersten Eigenfrequenzen der o. g. Gründungskonstruktionen rechnerisch untersucht. Untersuchungen der Ermüdungsfestigkeit und die erstmalige experimentelle Ermittlung der Traglast eines Gussknotens tragen zu einem optimierten Entwurf durch genaue Kenntnis des Materialverhaltens und der höchstbeanspruchten Bereiche bei. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine geometrische Optimierung des Stahlgussknotens unter konstruktiven Randbedingungen zu einer Verringerung des Materialaufwandes bzw. zu einer Erhöhung der Traglast führen kann.Structural behaviour of offshore support structures – Computational and experimental analysisThis paper contains a summary of the joint research project “OGOWIN: Optimisation of support structures for offshore wind turbines regarding the material consumption, the construction and production sequence as well as new production methodologies”. The results comprise (1) a modal analyses of various types of offshore wind turbine support structures, (2) the fatigue strength testing of the cast steel material, (3) a large scale ultimate capacity test of a cast steel tube connection and (4) an optimisation of the tube connection aiming at material and stress reduction. The sensitivity of the relevant parameters on the first natural frequencies was quantified and the most influencing parameters were identified. The analyses of the fatigue strength and of the ultimate capacity of the cast steel tube connection support an optimised design by precise knowledge of the failure mechanisms and material behaviour. Moreover, it is shown that optimising the cast steel node can reduce the material use and stress concentration.
Spudcans als Gründungsform für Offshore‐Hubplattformen
Authors: Henke Sascha , Qiu Gang , Pucker Tim 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFür die Errichtung von Windparks ist der Einsatz von Offshore‐Hubplattformen Stand der Technik. Die Hubplattform installiert sich vor dem eigentlichen Arbeiten auf dem Meeresgrund, um ausreichende Stabilität für die Arbeiten zu haben und den Einfluss des Seegangs zu minimieren. Eine mögliche Gründungsvariante für die Beine einer Offshore‐Hubplattform ist die sogenannte Spudcan‐Lösung. Hierbei wird ein Kreisfundament mit großem Durchmesser am Bein der Hubplattform befestigt, über das die Gründungslasten abgetragen werden. Der Einsatz derartiger Gründungen ist im internationalen Öl‐ und Gasbereich gängig und erprobt. Dennoch ist bereits die korrekte Bemessung der vertikalen Tragfähigkeit der Spudcans komplex. So ist zum Beispiel die Bestimmung der Last‐Setzungskurve bei unterschiedlichen Baugrundverhältnissen schwierig und die Definition der “sicheren Seite” ebenfalls nicht eindeutig. Ein weiteres Problem, welches bei Absetzen auf geschichtetem Baugrund auftreten kann, ist der sogenannte “punch‐through”, d. h. bei beispielsweise dicht gelagertem Sand über weichem Boden kann es zu einem plötzlichen Durchstanzen der Plattform in die Weichschicht kommen, was bis hin zum Verlust der Plattform führen kann. In diesem Beitrag werden verschiedene Bemessungsansätze aus der Literatur und internationale Richtlinien zur Bemessung von Spudcans vorgestellt. Zudem werden offene Fragestellungen und Ansätze aus der Forschung diskutiert. Diese sollen dem Leser einen Eindruck über die Möglichkeiten von Spudcan‐Gründungen geben und ihn gleichzeitig für mögliche Problemstellungen sensibilisieren.Spudcans as foundations for offshore jack‐up rigs – Problems and calculation methodsFor the installation of wind parks jack‐up rigs can be used. Jack‐up rigs are founded on the seabed before start of operation to receive sufficient stability and to reduce wave induced influences. One possible foundation for jack‐up rigs on the seabed is the so‐called spudcan. A spudcan is a circular foundation attached to the legs of the jack‐up rig to transfer the vertical loads into the ground. The use of spudcan‐foundations is state‐of‐the‐art in the oil‐ and gas industry. Nevertheless, the design of this type of foundation is still challenging. For example, the correct determination of the load‐settlement‐response with respect to different soil conditions is complex and the definition of the “safe side” is not always clear. Another problem related to the spudcan depositioning onto layered soil is the so‐called “punch‐through”‐failure. This means that during installation onto dense sand overlying weak clay the spudcan may suddenly punch through the sand layer into the weaker layer. This can even lead to a total loss of the jack‐up rig. In this contribution, different methods for spudcan design recommended in literature and international guidelines are summarized. Furthermore, open questions and results of ongoing research are discussed to give the reader an impression of the capabilities and the difficulties regarding spudcan foundations.
Verschiebung von Großobjekten – spezielle, nicht alltägliche Ingenieur‐ und Baumeisterarbeiten
Authors: Caminada Paul 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn den vergangenen 60 Jahren wurden in der Schweiz mehr als 400 Objekte wie Kirchen, Wohnhäuser, Brücken und sogar Felsen verschoben. Die Aktion beim Bahnhof in Zürich‐Oerlikon ist nun die größte, die jemals in der Schweiz durchgeführt wurde. Meistens handelt es sich um Objekte, die dem fortschrittlichen Verkehr im Wege stehen und wegen ihres Wertes oder aus Gründen der Pietät nicht einfach abgerissen werden können. Die Art und Weise der Verschiebung hat sich seit Jahrhunderten kaum verändert. Dies zeigt auch die Versetzung eines ägyptischen Obelisken auf dem Petersplatz in Rom im Jahr 1586 durch den Tessiner Ingenieurarchitekten Domenico Fontana.
Neue DGNB‐Kriterien für ökologische Qualität
Authors: Bayer Frank , Konermann Reinhard 
Published: December 2012

AbstractKorrosionsschutzbeschichtungen haben die primäre Aufgabe, Stahl dauerhaft vor Korrosion zu schützen. Für das nachhaltige Bauen mit Stahl ist die Beschichtung von besonderer Bedeutung. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen e. V. (DGNB) hat in der neuen Kriterienmatrix des Kriteriums Ökologische Qualität – Risiken für die lokale Umwelt (Version 2012) für die einzelnen Bauprodukte und ‐stoffe zusätzliche Anforderungen und deren Nachweise festgelegt. Das neue Regelwerk definiert den nachhaltigen Korrosionsschutz und liefert Kennzahlen für die Zertifizierung von nachhaltig errichteten Gebäuden.