bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The changing characteristics of propagation time from meteorological drought to hydrological drought in a semi‐arid river basin in India
Authors: Gupta Ajay , Jain Manoj Kumar , Pandey Rajendra Prasad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study employs an event‐based approach to analyse drought propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought via agricultural drought in the semi‐arid Krishna River basin of India. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSMI) and Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) representing meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought, respectively, were estimated. Two different cases of drought propagation are analysed: meteorological‐to‐agricultural (SPEI‐to‐SSMI) and agricultural‐to‐hydrological (SSMI‐to‐SSI). The drought propagation is analysed using three‐time matrices, namely the time difference between initiation (), peak () and termination () at multiple timescales of 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months using different drought threshold values 0, −0.5, −1 and − 1.5, respectively, to delineate shifts from mild to extreme drought conditions in detail. The results indicate that the propagation time from SPEI‐to‐SSMI drought decreased for most of the tributaries using multiple timescales at different threshold values, whereas it increased significantly for SSMI‐to‐SSI drought. The drought propagation changes with respect to time as well as magnitude (intensity and severity). The propagation factor (PF), defined as the ratio of the average value of succeeding drought to preceding drought characteristics, has also been studied. For SPEI‐to‐SSMI drought, the duration PF shrinks across all tributaries using multiple timescales at different threshold values, whereas it expands for SSMI‐to‐SSI drought. On the other hand, the severity and intensity PF magnify for SPEI‐to‐SSMI drought, whereas it experiences dampening effects for SSMI‐to‐SSI drought. Thus, the proposed study provides valuable insights into drought propagation dynamics, aiding in managing and mitigating droughts in the semi‐arid river basin and elsewhere.
Ultrasound‐guided staging and reversal of female genital mutilation
Authors: Baumfeld Yael , Welch Eva , Shobeiri S. Abbas , Alshiek Jonia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImportanceFGM/C is common, effecting over 200 million women worldwide and has substantial associated morbidity. We seek improving the reversal procedure using ultrasound imaging.ObjectiveThe use of peri‐ and intraoperative ultrasound imaging for reconstructive surgery following FGM/C for staging and surgical planning, with focus on the clitoral structures and blood flow.Study designThis is a case series of patients with FGM/C who were evaluated and underwent reconstructive surgical management at a single institution between 2018 and 2022. Ultrasound examination with Doppler imaging was performed. The electronic medical record was queried for data regarding patient characteristics, examination and ultrasound findings, and surgical and postoperative course.ResultsSeven patients are described in this case series who sustained the FGM/C with classifications ranging from Ia to IIIb. The primary complaints were dyspareunia or apareunia. Six of seven (86%) reported anorgasmia. Four of seven (57%) had prior vaginal deliveries, and one of seven (14%) was delivered only by cesarean sections, two of seven (29%) have not been able to have intercourse. Ultrasound examination was utilized to facilitate recognition of the anatomic structures during the reconstruction, and Doppler was used to evaluate the clitoral blood flow. Doppler was useful to delineate clitoral tissues from a closely involved periclitoral inclusion cyst, aiding in surgical excision while minimizing clitoral vascular or nerve injury. Postoperative anatomical restoration, sexual function, and alleviation of dyspareunia were excellent. None of the patients reported decreased sexual pleasure postoperatively.ConclusionsUltrasound imaging with Doppler can be utilized to facilitate personalized approaches to optimize both anatomical and functional results in cases of genital reconstruction.
Reveal the capacity loss of lithium metal batteries through analytical techniques
Authors: Ma Cong , Yue Ke , Xie Yu , Liu Yujing , Tao Xinyong , Lu Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh energy density and stable long cycle are the basic requirements for an ideal battery. At present, lithium (Li) metal anode is regarded as one of the most promising anode materials, but it still faces major problems in terms of capacity fading and safe and stable long‐term cycle. The reason for the continuous fading of Li anode capacity is mainly due to the loss of active Li source, and the loss of Li source is mainly due to the continuous generation of dead Li. At the same time, the unstable interface and dendrite growth of Li anodes during the Li plating/delithiation process eventually lead to battery safety issues. In fact, recent studies have shown that the disordered expansion of dendrites is the main reason for the infinite generation of dead Li. Therefore, here we take different detection techniques as clues, review the exploration process of qualitative and quantitative research on the source and mechanism of Li capacity loss, and summarize the strategies to reduce dead Li generation and capacity fading by inhibiting dendrite formation. In particular, we give suggestions on the development of advanced testing methods on how to further study the problem of dead Li, and also give relevant strategy suggestions on how to completely solve the problem of capacity loss in the future, with the main goal of suppressing dendrites.
Identifying suitable boreholes for irrigation in the bedrock regions of the Sahel
Authors: Keïta Amadou , Faye Moussa Diagne , Hayde László G. , Damba Djim Doumbe , Yacouba Hamma 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the critical challenge of optimizing borehole drilling techniques and predictive models to improve groundwater utilization for irrigation in Burkina Faso. Initially, the analysis involved drilling 22 boreholes as part of a photovoltaic micro‐sprinkler irrigation project (PRECIS), with only 11 deemed suitable for irrigation, highlighting the difficulty in achieving the required flow rate of 5 m3/h. To enhance the robustness of the study, additional data from 205 high‐yield boreholes provided by the Office National de l'Eau et de l'Assainissement (ONEA) were incorporated. These boreholes, primarily intended for potable water supply, had flow rates often exceeding 5 m3/h. This extensive dataset was crucial in identifying significant predictors of the project flow rate (Qproj), including the flow rate at the end of drilling (QEndBorh) and lithological factors. The predictive model combining QEndBorh and lithological data explained 73.7% of the variance in Qproj, with an adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj) of 72.4%. The CART (classification and regression tree) regression model effectively identified branches with flow rates suitable for irrigation, such as Terminal Node 3 with a predicted Qproj of 6.67 m3/h and Terminal Node 4 with a predicted Qproj of 10.5 m3/h, demonstrating the model's robustness. These findings underscore the necessity of detailed lithological assessments and advanced predictive modelling to ensure efficient and reliable borehole drilling for irrigation purposes in regions with complex geological conditions.
Dual‐Modal Optical Imaging of Tissue Perfusion in Response to Cooling Stimulation Facilitates Early Detection of Pressure Ulcer
Authors: Zhang Qingdong , Liu Peng , Shao Pengfei , Sun Mingzhai , Yao Peng , Shen Shuwei , Zhang Yang , Wu Ming , Xu Ronald X. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPressure ulcers present a significant human and economic challenge, lacking a reliable method for early detection. To address this, we developed a system capable of early detection by using cooling stimulation and dynamic data acquisition techniques to monitor blood perfusion and skin temperature. The system consists of laser speckle perfusion imaging and thermal imaging. And we performed simulations to demonstrate that the system is capable of detect tissue damage across multiple layers, from superficial to deep. Testing on a rabbit ear model demonstrated that this approach, which combines dynamic perfusion and temperature parameters, effectively distinguishes early pressure ulcer areas from normal skin with a significant p value of 0.0015. This distinction was more precise compared to methods relying solely on static parameters or one parameter. Our study thereby offers a promising advancement in the proactive management and prevention of pressure ulcers.
Optimized infrared spectrum of (H2O)m:(HCN)n mixtures
Authors: Freitas D. P. , Pansini F. N. N. , Varandas A. J. C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUsing density functional theory at D3‐B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVDZ level combined with the conductor‐like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) solvent model, a study of the IR spectrum of :HCN mixtures is reported. The CPCM solvent effect notably enhances the accuracy of the IR spectra compared to gas‐phase calculations, while the dielectric constant value has minimum impact on the final spectrum. An optimized methodology is suggested that effectively minimizes the root mean square deviation between theoretical and experimental data. This novel approach not only enhances the quality of the final IR spectra but also captures relevant spectral features, highlighting its potential to decipher molecular interactions in such intricate mixtures.
Real‐World Evidence Application in Translational Medicine: Making Use of Prescription Claims to Inform Drug–Drug Interactions of a New Psoriasis Treatment
Authors: Choong Casey Kar‐Chan , Rehmel Jessica , Datta‐Mannan Amita 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPatients with psoriasis often take multiple medications due to comorbidities, raising concerns about drug–drug interactions (DDIs) during the development of new medicines. DDI risk assessments of a new small molecule showed risks of CYP3A4 autoinduction and being a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate. We conducted a real‐world evidence (RWE) claims analysis to assess the frequency of prescription claims for up to 12 months from the date of the initial psoriasis diagnosis for drugs that may interact with CYP3A4 substrates. We used 2013 to 2018 patient data from the US Merative MarketScan Research Database. Among patients diagnosed with psoriasis, less than 1% had a claim for a moderate/strong inducer, but up to 15% had a claim for moderate/strong inhibitor. Most prescriptions for CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers included antibiotics and anticonvulsants. While CYP3A4 inducers were rarely used, those treated received more than >90 days treatment. Then, these RWE data were used to inform the early translational medicine strategy for the new investigational drug by strategically integrating DDI evaluations into a first‐in‐human healthy volunteer trial prior to studies in patients with psoriasis. The resulting DDI substudy showed that the investigational small molecule did not induce midazolam clearance but was sensitive to CYP3A inhibition, leading to the decision to exclude concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors from clinical trials.
Steep medial posterior tibial slope angle and ramp lesion are independent risk factors for an increase in quantitatively measured pivot shift in patients with ACL‐deficient knees
Authors: Yoshida Ryu , Koga Hideyuki , Nakamura Tomomasa , Nakagawa Yusuke , Katakura Mai , Amemiya Masaki , Hoshino Takashi , Yoshihara Aritoshi , Hasegawa Shoichi , Tokumoto Yasumasa , Sekiya Ichiro , Ozeki Nobutake 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDelayed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction often causes residual anterolateral rotatory instability (ALRI) and consequent knee osteoarthritis, warranting the recommendation of early ACL reconstruction within 6 months after injury. Nonetheless, some cases show notable instability, even shortly after injury. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for an increase in quantitatively measured pivot shift in patients with ACL‐deficient knees within 6 months after injury.MethodsPatients with primary ACL reconstruction within 6 months after injury and quantitative triaxial accelerometer measurements of preoperative pivot shift were included. Descriptive statistics were calculated for 11 independent variables (age, gender, time from injury to surgery, KT‐1000, knee extension angle, lateral and medial posterior tibial slope angle, medial and lateral meniscus tears, ramp lesion and Tegner active scale). A single regression analysis was performed on the 11 items and acceleration during the pivot shift, and a multiple regression analysis was performed for items with p value less than 0.1.ResultsOverall, 111 patients met the inclusion criteria. Single regression analysis showed that medial posterior tibial slope angle, medial meniscus tear and ramp lesion were significantly correlated with acceleration during the pivot shift (p < 0.001, p = 0.04 and p = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis identified medial posterior tibial slope angles and ramp lesions as independent factors for increased preoperative pivot shift (p = 0.005 and 0.01).ConclusionA steep medial posterior tibial slope angle and ramp lesion were independent risk factors for increased quantitatively measured pivot shift in patients with ACL‐deficient knees.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, case series study.
Synthesis of Novel 6H‐Furo[3,2‐e]Indole Derivatives via One‐Pot Three Component Reactions
Authors: Wan Dan‐Dan , Wu Shuang‐Ling , Liu Jia‐Yan , Chen Dong‐Sheng 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTA one‐pot, three‐component reaction of ethyl 5‐aminobenzofuran‐2‐carboxylate, arylglyoxals and cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of acetic acid as an organocatalyst in ethanol medium under reflux conditions provided a series of new 6H‐furo[3,2‐e]indole derivatives in good yields.
Synthesis of Oxaazaisowurtzitane Derivatives Via Condensation of p‐Toluenesulfonamide With Glyoxal
Authors: Paromov Artyom E. , Kubasova Valentina А. , Sysolyatin Sergey V. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis work presents the study results on the acid‐catalyzed cascade condensation of p‐toluenesulfonamide with glyoxal in H2SO4 in order to synthesize aza‐ and oxaazaisowurtzitanes—a platform for promising high‐energy‐density compounds—and explore their formation processes. The effects of the ratio of starting reactants, acidity, reaction medium concentration, and temperature on this process were studied in detail. Five novel compounds were derived, including four oxaazaisowurtzitanes comprising one to three aza groups, and one condensation intermediate. The most favorable conditions for the formation of the resultant caged compounds were established and some new regularities of the process were revealed. For instance, the reaction medium concentration was discovered for the first time to influence the generation process of oxaazaisowurtzitanes via direct condensation. The limiting stage of the cage formation process of oxaazaisowurtzitanes was identified. The formation rate of the oxaazaisowurtzitanes was shown to be dependent on their structure. The factor dramatically reducing the yield of the oxaazaisowurtzitanes at elevated synthesis temperature was also revealed.
Distribution of anti‐factor Xa activity in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation receiving 15 mg dose of edoxaban
Authors: Hiramatsu Shotaro , Osanai Hiroyuki , Sakai Yuichiro , Sogo Yoshiki , Tanaka Yuki , Matsumoto Hikari , Miyamoto Shun , Tagahara Kensuke , Arai Kenji , Watanabe Takashi , Sakamoto Yusuke , Sakaguchi Teruhiro , Oguchi Shioh , Kanbara Takahiro , Nakashima Yoshihito , Asano Hiroshi , Ajioka Masayoshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe distribution of anti‐factor Xa activity (AXA) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) taking edoxaban 15 mg has not been fully elucidated.Methods and ResultsThe trough and peak AXA were measured in 19 NVAF patients taking edoxaban 15 mg. We compared these results with those in patients taking edoxaban 30 mg. The peak AXA differed significantly between the 15 mg and the 30 mg groups (0.74 ± 0.40 IU/mL vs. 1.25 ± 0.48 IU/mL, respectively; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsPeak but trough AXA in the patients receiving edoxaban 15 mg were significantly lower than those in patients receiving edoxaban 30 mg.
Nondestructive acoustic modal analysis for assessing bone screw stability: An ex vivo animal study
Authors: Einafshar Mohammadjavad (Matin) , Najafidoust Mohammad , Bastami Farshid , Massaad Elie , Hashemi Ata , Kiapour Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConventional insertion torque and pull‐out tests are destructive and unsuitable for clinical bone screw fixation. This study evaluates screw stability using acoustic modal analysis (AMA) and Periotest compared to traditional methods in an ex vivo animal model. Titanium self‐tapping screws (STS) and nonself‐tapping screws (N‐STS) were implanted in the proximal tibia of 12 rabbits. Four testing methods were used to assess screw stability: peak insertion torque (PIT) during implantation, AMA for natural frequency (NF), Periotest for Periotest value (PTV), and pull‐out test for peak pullout force (PPF). Euthanization was performed at 0 (primary stability), 4, and 8 weeks (secondary stability). No significant difference in primary stability was found between STS and N‐STS except for AMA (STS: NF 2434 ± 67 Hz, N‐STS: NF 2572 ± 43 Hz; p = 0.62). Secondary stability increased significantly over time for both screw types (4‐week: NF 3687 ± 36 vs. 3408 ± 45 Hz, PTV 1.4 ± 1.6 vs. −1.5 ± 1.8, PPF 236 ± 29 vs. 220 ± 34 N; 8‐week: NF 3890 ± 39 vs. 3613 ± 31 Hz, PTV −3.2 ± 2.5 vs. −2 ± 4.3, PPF 248 ± 25 vs. 289 ± 28 N). Higher NF values for given PTV/PPF indicate potential clinical advantages. Significant differences between primary and secondary stabilities suggest osteointegration was mainly achieved in the 4‐week group.
Fabrication and Characterization of Carrageenan‐Biopolymer Composite Microneedles for Interstitial Fluid Collection
Authors: Chauhan Shreya Shashank , Venuganti Venkata Vamsi Krishna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIdentification of suitable polymeric materials to fabricate microneedles (MNs) for the collection of interstitial fluid (ISF) is a challenge. Here, characterization of different carrageenan‐biopolymer composites for MN patch fabrication intended for ISF collection is reported. Systematic oscillatory rheological studies of composites containing iota‐carrageenan mixed with alginate, gelatin, or pectin are performed to determine the linear viscoelastic region, gel point, tan delta, complex viscosity, and flow transition index. A polynomial equation is derived by relating flow transition index of biopolymer composites and compression strength of fabricated MNs. The biopolymer composite of iota‐carrageenan and gelatin at 2% and 14%, respectively, and CaCl2 crosslinker (80 mm) shows the greatest compression strength sufficient for MNs insertion into the excised porcine skin. MNs swell up on application in an agarose gel model and the ex vivo excised porcine skin model to collect 36 ± 5 and 14 ± 1 µL of fluid within 10 min, respectively. Taken together, it is demonstrated that rheological analysis can be performed to select suitable polymer composites that possess sufficient strength for the skin insertion and swellability for ISF collection.
Polymer Composite Electrolytes Membrane Consisted of Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers Containing Lithium Salts: Improved Ion Conductive Characteristics and All‐Solid‐State Battery Performance
Authors: Matsuda Yu , Nakazawa Shun , Tanaka Manabu , Kawakami Hiroyoshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolymer electrolyte membranes with superior lithium‐ion (Li+) conductivity and sufficient electrochemical stability are desired for all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASS‐LIBs). This paper reports novel polymer composite membranes consisting of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers (Nfs) containing lithium salts. It is first revealed that the lithium salt addition increases polar surface groups on the PAN nanofibers. Subsequently, the lithium salts‐containing PAN nanofiber (PAN/Li Nf) composite membrane affects the matrix poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/lithium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonylimide) (LiTFSI) electrolyte to increase the numbers of Li+ with high mobility. Consequently, the PAN/Li Nf composite membrane shows relatively good ion conductivity (σ = 9.0 × 10−5 S cm−1) and a considerably large Li+ transference number (tLi+ = 0.41) at 60 °C, compared to the PEO/LiTFSI membrane without nanofibers. The 6Li solid‐state NMR study supports that the PAN/Li Nf bearing abundant polar nitrile groups at their surface enhances Li+ diffusion in the PEO‐based electrolyte membranes. The galvanostatic constant current cycling tests reveal that the PAN/Li Nf composite membrane possesses good electrochemical and mechanical stabilities. The ASS‐LIB consisting of the PAN/Li Nf composite membrane shows significantly improved charge and discharge cycling performances, promising future all‐solid‐state batteries.
Fabrication of Cross‐Linked Polyimide Hollow Microspheres With Lightweight, Thermal Resistance and Controllable Size
Authors: Fu Yuntao , Meng Haichao , Wang Fenglin , Zou Huawei , Luo Yinfu , Liang Mei , Xie Peng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolyimide (PI) hollow microspheres possess lightweight and excellent thermal resistance, which are widely used in microreactors, catalysis, adsorption separation, high‐temperature insulation, and so on. In this manuscript, PI hollow microspheres are fabricated by constructing a crosslinked structure combined with gradient heating. The formation of PI hollow microspheres includes gas nucleation, expansion, and imidization. The PI hollow microspheres size is controlled by adjusting polyester ammonium salts size, and microspheres size is distributed in 309–956 µm. PI hollow microspheres have lightweight, excellent heat resistance and carbonization performance, bulk density, initial decomposition temperature, and weight residue at 800 °C is 87.3–178.6 kg m−3, 533.6 °C and 59.8%. The PI hollow microspheres have potential applications in high‐temperature resistant and multifunctional composite materials preparation. Moreover, this method is simple, efficient, and highly operable, which can be used for large‐scale production of PI hollow microspheres.
The oxide films formed under the low oxygen pressure in a particular system containing competing chromium and aluminium
Authors: Du G.W , Liu Y.H , Wu C.J , Liu Y. , Su X.P 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, pre‐oxidation treatment was carried out at 950 °C under oxygen pressure of 10−16 atm for nickel‐10 % chromium‐x % aluminium‐1 % silicon‐0.5 % yttrium(x=0 wt.–%, 1 wt.–%, 3 wt.–%, 5 wt.–%) alloys. Morphology and structure of oxide layers on the alloys after pre‐oxidation were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and electron discharge spectroscopy. The results showed that a chromium oxide film was formed on the surface of the alloy without aluminium addition, while the oxide layer on the surface of the alloy with aluminium addition gradually transformed into M2O3 (M=aluminium and chromium) oxide film. The oxidation behavior was analyzed by means of chemical thermodynamics, and it was seen that because the interaction coefficient,εijof aluminium and chromium is a positive value, the increase of aluminium addition will strengthen the interaction and increase the diffusion coefficient,Diof aluminium and chromium. The diffusion of chromium and aluminium in each other therefore promotes their interaction, which is beneficial to the formation of the outer oxide film. Thus, with the increase of aluminium addition, the thickness of the outer oxide film gradually increased, and the aluminium content in M2O3 (M=aluminium and chromium) increased significantly, and with 5 % aluminium added, the aluminium oxide of the outer oxide film became the main body.