bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Media coverage, family ownership, and corporate philanthropic giving: evidence from China
Authors: Du Xingqiang , Pei Hongmei , Du Yingjie , Zeng Quan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUsing a sample of Chinese family firms during the period of 2004–2010, we examine the influence of media coverage on corporate philanthropic giving and the moderating role of family ownership. Specifically, we document that media coverage is significantly positively associated with corporate philanthropic giving, suggesting that media coverage as an informal system plays an important role in motivating Chinese family firms to establish business ethics, shape socially responsible images, and enhance corporate philanthropy. Moreover, family ownership attenuates the positive association between media coverage and corporate philanthropic giving. Our findings are robust to a variety of sensitivity tests and are still valid after controlling for the potential endogeneity between media coverage and corporate philanthropy. Our study is one of few studies to investigate the impact of media coverage on corporate philanthropic giving in an emerging market.
Adequacy of nutritional intake among older men living in Sydney, Australia: findings from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP)
Authors: Waern Rosilene V. R. , Cumming Robert G. , Blyth Fiona , Naganathan Vasi , Allman-Farinelli Margaret , Le Couteur David , Simpson Stephen J. , Kendig Hal , Hirani Vasant 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPrevious research shows that older men tend to have lower nutritional intakes and higher risk of under-nutrition compared with younger men. The objectives of this study were to describe energy and nutrient intakes, assess nutritional risk and investigate factors associated with poor intake of energy and key nutrients in community-dwelling men aged ≥75 years participating in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project – a longitudinal cohort study on older men in Sydney, Australia. A total of 794 men (mean age 81·4 years) had a detailed diet history interview, which was carried out by a dietitian. Dietary adequacy was assessed by comparing median intakes with nutrient reference values (NRV): estimated average requirement, adequate intake or upper level of intake. Attainment of NRV of total energy and key nutrients in older age (protein, Fe, Zn, riboflavin, Ca and vitamin D) was incorporated into a ‘key nutrients’ variable dichotomised as ‘good’ (≥5) or ‘poor’ (≤4). Using logistic regression modelling, we examined associations between key nutrients with factors known to affect food intake. Median energy intake was 8728 kJ (P5=5762 kJ, P95=12 303 kJ), and mean BMI was 27·7 (sd4·0) kg/m2. Men met their NRV for most nutrients. However, only 1 % of men met their NRV for vitamin D, only 19 % for Ca, only 30 % for K and only 33 % for dietary fibre. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only country of birth was significantly associated with poor nutritional intake. Dietary intakes were adequate for most nutrients; however, only half of the participants met the NRV of ≥5 key nutrients.
Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Murrough J. W. , Soleimani L. , DeWilde K. E. , Collins K. A. , Lapidus K. A. , Iacoviello B. M. , Lener M. , Kautz M. , Kim J. , Stern J. B. , Price R. B. , Perez A. M. , Brallier J. W. , Rodriguez G. J. , Goodman W. K. , Iosifescu D. V. , Charney D. S. 
Published: August 2015

Background.Suicide is a devastating public health problem and very few biological treatments have been found to be effective for quickly reducing the intensity of suicidal ideation (SI). We have previously shown that a single dose of ketamine, a glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is associated with a rapid reduction in depressive symptom severity and SI in patients with treatment-resistant depression.Method.We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of ketamine in patients with mood and anxiety spectrum disorders who presented with clinically significant SI (n = 24). Patients received a single infusion of ketamine or midazolam (as an active placebo) in addition to standard of care. SI measured using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI) 24 h post-treatment represented the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale – Suicidal Ideation (MADRS-SI) score at 24 h and additional measures beyond the 24-h time-point.Results.The intervention was well tolerated and no dropouts occurred during the primary 7-day assessment period. BSI score was not different between the treatment groups at 24 h (p = 0.32); however, a significant difference emerged at 48 h (p = 0.047). MADRS-SI score was lower in the ketamine group compared to midazolam group at 24 h (p = 0.05). The treatment effect was no longer significant at the end of the 7-day assessment period.Conclusions.The current findings provide initial support for the safety and tolerability of ketamine as an intervention for SI in patients who are at elevated risk for suicidal behavior. Larger, well-powered studies are warranted.
ON THE INTERPRETATION OF DECISION THEORY
Authors: Okasha Samir 
Published: August 2015

Abstract:This paper explores the contrast between mentalistic and behaviouristic interpretations of decision theory. The former regards credences and utilities as psychologically real, while the latter regards them as mere representations of an agent's preferences. Philosophers typically adopt the former interpretation, economists the latter. It is argued that the mentalistic interpretation is preferable if our aim is to use decision theory for descriptive purposes, but if our aim is normative then the behaviouristic interpretation cannot be dispensed with.
Post-stripping recolonization of vascular epiphytes in cloud-forest fragments in Mexico
Authors: Acuña-Tarazona Margoth , Toledo-Aceves Tarin , Flores-Palacios Alejandro , Sosa Vinicio J. , Martínez M. Luisa 
Published: August 2015

Abstract:The response of vascular epiphyte communities following natural or human disturbance has been little studied. Over 5 y, we evaluated the post-stripping recolonization of vascular epiphytes in cloud forest. Vascular epiphytes were experimentally removed from branch and trunk plots (1 m in length) on five trees in two secondary cloud forest fragments in southern Mexico. Similarity between colonizer and established communities was compared in each fragment using a further five trees with no stripping. All seedlings were recorded yearly. Non-vascular epiphyte cover was estimated in each plot. The recolonization rate was very high; after 5 y, epiphyte density of the colonizer community (27.4 ± 6.8 individuals per segment) reached similar values to those of the established community (26.7 ± 3.3) in nearby trees. While similarity (composition and abundance) between the colonizer community and established community was high (81%), diversity accumulation curves indicated that the colonizer community presents a lower diversity of epiphytes (5.5 equivalent species) than the established community (11.4). Colonization of xerophytic bromeliads was high, while pteridophytes and orchids presented reduced recovery. The immediately surrounding source of propagules had a strong influence on recolonization. In both the colonizer and established communities, dominance rank was bromeliads > peperomias > pteridophytes. The results show that the recovery capacity of epiphytic vegetation in secondary forest is high, if propagule sources are close by. However, at 5 y after disturbance, it is unclear whether the colonizer community would present the same species composition as the established community or if it would give rise to a different community.
Better pensions, better jobs: status and alternatives toward universal pension coverage in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: MELGUIZO ANGEL , BOSCH MARIANO , PAGES CARMEN 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article offers an overview of the current state of labor markets and pension coverage in a wide sample of Latin America and the Caribbean countries, and proposes a series of possible avenues toward universal coverage, not only as an instrument to fight poverty during old age, but also as part of an agenda for increasing formal employment and productivity growth. We conclude that despite perspectives of low economic growth and reduced fiscal space, the region is going through intense demographic and socio-economic changes, which increase the demand for better jobs and provide a real opportunity for initiating the bold reforms in pensions, labor, and taxes needed to achieve universal coverage.
The photochemical mechanism of a B12-dependent photoreceptor protein
Authors: Kutta Roger J. , Hardman Samantha J. O. , Johannissen Linus O. , Bellina Bruno , Messiha Hanan L. , Ortiz-Guerrero Juan Manuel , Elías-Arnanz Montserrat , Padmanabhan S. , Barran Perdita , Scrutton Nigel S. , Jones Alex R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe coenzyme B12-dependent photoreceptor protein, CarH, is a bacterial transcriptional regulator that controls the biosynthesis of carotenoids in response to light. On binding of coenzyme B12 the monomeric apoprotein forms tetramers in the dark, which bind operator DNA thus blocking transcription. Under illumination the CarH tetramer dissociates, weakening its affinity for DNA and allowing transcription. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Here we describe the photochemistry in CarH that ultimately triggers tetramer dissociation; it proceeds via a cob(III)alamin intermediate, which then forms a stable adduct with the protein. This pathway is without precedent and our data suggest it is independent of the radical chemistry common to both coenzyme B12 enzymology and its known photochemistry. It provides a mechanistic foundation for the emerging field of B12 photobiology and will serve to inform the development of a new class of optogenetic tool for the control of gene expression.
Asymmetrical diacylglycerol dynamics on the cytosolic and lumenal sides of a single endomembrane in living cells
Authors: Ueda Yoshibumi , Ogiso Hideo , Sato Moritoshi , Umezawa Yoshio , Okazaki Toshiro , Kobayashi Toshihide 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe elucidation of lipid dynamics on the cytosolic and lumenal sides of a single endomembrane has been challenging in living cells because of the lack of appropriate methods. Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a lipid second messenger that is produced by enzymes that reside on both the cytosolic and lumenal sides of the endomembrane. In the present study, we attempted to observe both the cytosolic and lumenal DAG dynamics at endomembranes including the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. We developed a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)–based probe to detect DAG at the luminal side (lumenal DAG) of endomembranes. In combination with the FRET-based cytosolic DAG probe that has already been established, it was found that lumenal DAG is generated in a calcium-dependent manner by thapsigargin, which increases cytosolic calcium concentrations. In contrast, DAG production at the cytosolic side of endomembranes did not occur under the same experimental conditions. The thapsigargin-induced DAG generation was abolished by treatment with an inhibitor of sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) and phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC), which produce lumenal DAG. Thus, we have established a successful method for monitoring both cytosolic and lumenal DAG dynamics at the endomembrane in living cells.
Bioinspired photonic structures by the reflector layer of firefly lantern for highly efficient chemiluminescence
Authors: Chen Linfeng , Shi Xiaodi , Li Mingzhu , Hu Junping , Sun Shufeng , Su Bin , Wen Yongqiang , Han Dong , Jiang Lei , Song Yanlin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFireflies have drawn considerable attention for thousands of years due to their highly efficient bioluminescence, which is important for fundamental research and photonic applications. However, there are few reports on the reflector layer (RL) of firefly lantern, which contributes to the bright luminescence. Here we presented the detailed microstructure of the RL consisting of random hollow granules, which had high reflectance in the range from 450 nm to 800 nm. Inspired by the firefly lantern, artificial films with high reflectance in the visible region were fabricated using hollow silica microparticles mimicking the structure of the RL. Additionally, the bioinspired structures provided an efficient RL for the chemiluminescence system and could substantially enhance the initial chemiluminescence intensity. The work not only provides new insight into the bright bioluminescence of fireflies, but also is importance for the design of photonic materials for theranostics, detection and imaging.
A conserved histidine in switch-II of EF-G moderates release of inorganic phosphate
Authors: Koripella Ravi Kiran , Holm Mikael , Dourado Daniel , Mandava Chandra Sekhar , Flores Samuel , Sanyal Suparna 
Published: August 2015

AbstractElongation factor G (EF-G), a translational GTPase responsible for tRNA-mRNA translocation possesses a conserved histidine (H91 in Escherichia coli) at the apex of switch-II, which has been implicated in GTPase activation and GTP hydrolysis. While H91A, H91R and H91E mutants showed different degrees of defect in ribosome associated GTP hydrolysis, H91Q behaved like the WT. However, all these mutants, including H91Q, are much more defective in inorganic phosphate (Pi) release, thereby suggesting that H91 facilitates Pi release. In crystal structures of the ribosome bound EF-G•GTP a tight coupling between H91 and the γ-phosphate of GTP can be seen. Following GTP hydrolysis, H91 flips ~140° in the opposite direction, probably with Pi still coupled to it. This, we suggest, promotes Pi to detach from GDP and reach the inter-domain space of EF-G, which constitutes an exit path for the Pi. Molecular dynamics simulations are consistent with this hypothesis and demonstrate a vital role of an Mg2+ ion in the process.
Deletion of the tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 in Sertoli cells causes infertility in mice
Authors: Hu Xiaopeng , Tang Zhenzhou , Li Yang , Liu Wensheng , Zhang Shuang , Wang Bingyan , Tian Yingpu , Zhao Yinan , Ran Hao , Liu Wenjie , Feng Gen-Sheng , Shuai Jianwei , Wang Haibin , Lu Zhongxian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe male’s ability to reproduce is completely dependent on Sertoli cells. However, the mechanisms governing the functional integrity of Sertoli cells have remained largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of Shp2 in Sertoli cells results in infertility in mice. In Shp2 knockout mice (SCSKO), a normal population of Sertoli cells was observed, but the blood-testis barrier (BTB) was not formed. Shp2 ablation initiated the untimely and excessive differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) by disturbing the expression of paracrine factors. As a consequence, the process of spermatogenesis was disrupted and the germ cells were depleted. Furthermore, Shp2 deletion impaired the cell junctions of the primary Sertoli cells and failed to support the clonal formation of SSCs co-cultured with SCSKO Sertoli cells. As expected, Shp2 restoration largely restores the cell junctions of the primary Sertoli cells and the clonal formation of SSCs. To identify the underlying mechanism, we further demonstrated that the absence of Shp2 suppressed Erk phosphorylation and thus, the expression of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)- and testosterone-induced target genes. These results collectively suggest that Shp2 is a critical signaling protein that is required to maintain Sertoli cell function and could serve as a novel target for male infertility therapies.
Rhus coriaria induces senescence and autophagic cell death in breast cancer cells through a mechanism involving p38 and ERK1/2 activation
Authors: El Hasasna Hussain , Athamneh Khawlah , Al Samri Halima , Karuvantevida Noushad , Al Dhaheri Yusra , Hisaindee Soleiman , Ramadan Gaber , Al Tamimi Nedaa , AbuQamar Synan , Eid Ali , Iratni Rabah 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHere, we investigated the anticancer effect of Rhus coriaria on three breast cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that Rhus coriaria ethanolic extract (RCE) inhibits the proliferation of these cell lines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. RCE induced senescence and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. These changes were concomitant with upregulation of p21, downregulation of cyclin D1, p27, PCNA, c-myc, phospho-RB and expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. No proliferative recovery was detected after RCE removal. Annexin V staining and PARP cleavage analysis revealed a minimal induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of autophagic vacuoles in RCE-treated cells. Interestingly, blocking autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or chloroquine (CQ) reduced RCE-induced cell death and senescence. RCE was also found to activate p38 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways which coincided with induction of autophagy. Furthermore, we found that while both autophagy inhibitors abolished p38 phosphorylation, only CQ led to significant decrease in pERK1/2. Finally, RCE induced DNA damage and reduced mutant p53, two events that preceded autophagy. Our findings provide strong evidence that R. coriaria possesses strong anti-breast cancer activity through induction of senescence and autophagic cell death, making it a promising alternative or adjunct therapeutic candidate against breast cancer.
Two single amino acid substitutions in the intervening region of Newcastle disease virus HN protein attenuate viral replication and pathogenicity
Authors: Liu Bin , Ji Yanhong , Lin Zhongqing , Fu Yuguang , Muhammad Dafallah Rihab , Zhu Qiyun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAmong the proteins encoded by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the attachment protein (HN) is an important determinant of virulence and pathogenicity. HN has been molecularly characterized at the protein level; however, the relationship between the molecular character of HN and the animal pathotype it causes has not been well explored. Here, we revisited the intervening region (IR) of the HN stalk and extended the known biological functions of HN. Three distinct substitutions (A89Q, P93A and L94A) in the IR of genotype VII NDV (G7 strain) HN protein were analyzed. The A89Q and L94A mutations weakened the fusion promotion activity of HN to 44% and 41% of that of wild type, respectively, whereas P93A decreased the neuraminidase activity to 21% of the parental level. At the virus level, P93A and L94A-bearing viruses displayed impaired receptor recognition ability, neuraminidase activity and fusion-promoting activity, all of which led to virus attenuation. In addition, the L94A-mutated virus showed a dramatic decline in replication and was attenuated in cells and in chickens. Our data demonstrate that the HN biological activities and functions modulated by these specific amino acids in the IR are associated with NDV replication and pathogenicity.
Tomographic reconstruction of ionospheric electron density during the storm of 5-6 August 2011 using multi-source data
Authors: Tang Jun , Yao Yibin , Zhang Liang , Kong Jian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe insufficiency of data is the essential reason for ill-posed problem existed in computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) technique. Therefore, the method of integrating multi-source data is proposed. Currently, the multiple satellite navigation systems and various ionospheric observing instruments provide abundant data which can be employed to reconstruct ionospheric electron density (IED). In order to improve the vertical resolution of IED, we do research on IED reconstruction by integration of ground-based GPS data, occultation data from the LEO satellite, satellite altimetry data from Jason-1 and Jason-2 and ionosonde data. We used the CIT results to compare with incoherent scatter radar (ISR) observations and found that the multi-source data fusion was effective and reliable to reconstruct electron density, showing its superiority than CIT with GPS data alone.
Lung Cancer Onset in Wild Type Mice Following Bone Marrow Reconstitution with krasv12 Cells
Authors: Belloni Elena , Martin Padura Ines , Gerbino Elvira , Orecchioni Stefania , Fusar Imperatore Fulvia , Marighetti Paola , Bertalot Giovanni , Giuseppe Pelicci Pier , Bertolini Francesco 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA role for bone-marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) in tissue repair and malignancy onset has been proposed, but their contribution is still debated. We tested the ability of BMDCs containing the inducible krasV12 oncogene to initiate lung adenocarcinoma. For our experimental strategy, we reconstituted lethally irradiated wild type mice with BMDCs carrying inducible krasV12 and subsequently induced oncogene expression by 4-OHT administration. Epithelial lung lesions, from adenoma to adenocarcinomas, appeared at successive time points. These results show that lung tumors were derived from donor BMDCs and indicate a direct involvement of bone marrow cells in the development of epithelial cancers.
Tunable 500 GHz sensor system in SiGe technology for gas spectroscopy
Authors: Schmalz K. , Borngräber J. , Debski W. , Neumaier P. , Wang R. , Kissinger D. , Hübers H.‐W. 
Published: August 2015

A 500 GHz system for gas spectroscopy is presented, which includes an SiGe 4 × 1 transmitter (TX)‐array, an SiGe subharmonic receiver (RX) and a 1.9 m‐long gas absorption cell. The 120 GHz local oscillators (LOs) of the TX‐array and RX are controlled by two external phase‐locked loops (PLLs), whose reference frequencies are swept. The TX involves a frequency quadrupler. The RX uses a frequency doubler for the 120 GHz LO frequency, which is connected to a subharmonic transconductance mixer. The absorption spectrum of a gaseous mixture of methanol and acetonitrile is measured from 495 to 497 GHz.
Epigenetic mechanisms, T-cell activation, andCCR5genetics interact to regulate T-cell expression of CCR5, the major HIV-1 coreceptor
Authors: Gornalusse German G. , Mummidi Srinivas , Gaitan Alvaro A. , Jimenez Fabio , Ramsuran Veron , Picton Anabela , Rogers Kristen , Manoharan Muthu Saravanan , Avadhanam Nymisha , Murthy Krishna K. , Martinez Hernan , Molano Murillo Angela , Chykarenko Zoya A. , Hutt Richard , Daskalakis Demetre , Shostakovich-Koretskaya Ludmila , Abdool Karim Salim , Martin Jeffrey N. , Deeks Steven G. , Hecht Frederick , Sinclair Elizabeth , Clark Robert A. , Okulicz Jason , Valentine Fred T. , Martinson Neil , Tiemessen Caroline Tanya , Ndung’u Thumbi , Hunt Peter W. , He Weijing , Ahuja Sunil K. 
Published: August 2015

SignificanceLevels of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) on T cells are a critical factor influencing HIV/AIDS susceptibility. DNA methylation is an epigenetic feature associated with lower gene expression. Here we show that the DNA methylation status ofCCR5 cis-regulatory regions (cis-regions) correlates inversely with CCR5 levels on T cells. T-cell activation induces demethylation ofCCR5 cis-regions, upregulating CCR5 expression. Higher vs. lower sensitivity ofCCR5 cis-regions to undergoing T-cell activation-induced demethylation is associated with increased vs. decreased CCR5 levels. Polymorphisms inCCR5 cis-regions that are associated with increased vs. decreased HIV/AIDS susceptibility are also associated with increased vs. decreased sensitivity to activation-induced demethylation. Thus, interactions among T-cell activation,CCR5epigenetics, and genetics influence CCR5 levels on T cells and, by extension, HIV/AIDS susceptibility.