bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Operational Wind Wave Forecasting System for the South China Sea and Singapore Waters
Authors: Sasmal Kaushik , Oliveira Tiago , Xu Haihua , Chow Jeng Hei , Tkalich Pavel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Operational forecasts of wind waves are crucial for various practical applications in nearshore and offshore areas. Wave fields such as wave height, wave period and wave directions are used for the speed and voyage optimization of ships. High-resolution information of wind waves is often required for the planning of operations within the ports. Using a third-generation spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III®, we set up a high-resolution (∼250 m) wind wave forecast system in and around the South China Sea (SCS) with a focus on Singapore’s coastal waters. The SCS encounters extreme metocean conditions because of the impact of typhoons. These typhoons can generate extreme waves with a significant wave height (Hs) 10 m or higher in the SCS. Observations from satellite altimeters reveal extreme wave heights with 10 m Hs during the typhoon season. Therefore, prior information of such extreme sea states plays a central role in the safety of navigating ships, offshore platforms, and structures. The forecast system consists of two model domains. The large computation domain uses a rectangular grid, and it encompasses the Indian Ocean and includes the South China Sea. A high-resolution unstructured mesh is nested within the large domain. The model is driven by the 10 m winds from the Global Forecast System (GFS) provided by National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The forecast run is updated daily. The significant wave height from the model is validated against satellite altimeter data and shows good agreement with the satellite data. Since in-situ wave observations are rarely available in the SCS and satellite altimeter tracks have limited coverage around Singapore waters, the wave forecast system based on the spectral wave model (WAVEWATCH III®) could be of great importance to Singapore’s coastal areas, offshore, and maritime sector.
CFD-Based Ship PMM Captive Tests Using OpenFOAM
Authors: Liu Jing , Zheng Yingying , Liu Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study presents a series of planar motion mechanism (PMM) captive tests conducted on a container ship model with a rudder using the numerical tool OpenFOAM. The flow solution is approximated by solving the Reyolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, while the evolution of the free surface is captured using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. Predefined ship motions are simulated using a dynamic mesh technique. The numerical results of hydrodynamic forces and moment are compared with the published numerical data and model test results, demonstrating satisfactory agreement. However, discrepancies are observed in transverse forces in the dynamic PMM tests, prompting further exploration of flow characteristics. The present numerical method has demonstrated promising accuracy in predicting the hydrodynamics of the virtual PMM captive tests, suggesting its potential for developing simulator for ship maneuverability in future studies.
Ocean Wave Modelling for Indo-Pacific Region Under Extreme Weather Conditions Using the Third-Generation Wave Models
Authors: Xu Xingkun , Sasmal Kaushik , Xu Haihua , Tkalich Pavel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As the first recorded TC formation within 1.5 degrees of the equator, TC Vamei developed in the equatorial region on 27 December 2001 with diminishing Coriolis effect. Satellite-derived wave height exhibits high sea states during the passage of TC Vamei. In the present study, numerical experiments using the third-generation wave models, WAVEWATCH III® (WW3) and Simulating WAves Nearshore model (SWAN) were conducted on the sea states of the TC Vamei. The implementation of unstructured meshes produced simulation results that are consistent with the observed data. That is, when compared with ERS-2 satellite measurements, the root mean square error (RMSE) for WW3 and SWAN was only 0.36 m and 0.52 m, respectively. Additionally, in comparison with GFO satellite measurements, the RMSE was 0.37 m and 0.54 m for WW3 and SWAN. This is because the models exhibited different performance when simulating ocean waves with significant wave heights exceeding approximately 4–5 m. However, both numerical models demonstrated promising performances, while potential difference in air-sea momentum parameterization schemes adopted by WW3 and SWAN, in simulating extreme weather events.
The Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle-Relaxation Techniques in Improving Affective Well-Being Among Female Athletes During Menstruation: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Abdelkefi Ichrak , Jarraya Sana 
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on affective well-being (anxiety and mood), cognitive variables (sustained attention and reaction time), and aggressive behavior in female athletes during menstruation. Forty-five athletes age 18–22 years were randomly assigned to three groups: an experimental group (n = 15) undergoing eight sessions of 30-min progressive muscle relaxation, a breathing group (n = 15) engaging in eight sessions of 30-min deep breathing, and a control group (n = 15) receiving no intervention. The participants were evaluated during menstruation, at baseline, and after the intervention. Results showed significant improvements in mood () and anxiety () in the experimental group compared with the breathing group and the control group. No significant effects were found for aggressive behavior and cognitive variables. Progressive muscle-relaxation training is beneficial for improving mood and reducing anxiety in sportswomen during menstruation.
Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies to prevent healthcare-associated bacterial infections
Authors: Sauvat Léo , Verhoeven Paul O. , Gagnaire Julie , Berthelot Philippe , Paul Stéphane , Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth , Gagneux-Brunon Amandine 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a burden for public health with a high prevalence and high death rates associated with them. Pathogens with a high potential for antimicrobial resistance, such as ESKAPE pathogens (

E
nterococcus faecium,
S
taphylococcus aureus,
K
lebsiella pneumoniae,
A
cinetobacter baumannii,
P
seudomonas aeruginosa,

and

E
nterobacter species

) and
Clostridioides difficile
, are responsible for most HAIs. Despite the implementation of infection prevention and control intervention, globally, HAIs prevalence is stable and they are mainly due to endogenous pathogens. It is undeniable that complementary to infection prevention and control measures, prophylactic approaches by active or passive immunization are needed. Specific groups at-risk (elderly people, chronic condition as immunocompromised) and also healthcare workers are key targets. Medical procedures and specific interventions are known to be at risk of HAIs, in addition to hospital environmental exposure. Vaccines or monoclonal antibodies can be seen as attractive preventive approaches for HAIs. In this review, we present an overview of the vaccines and monoclonal antibodies in clinical development for prevention of the major bacterial HAIs pathogens. Based on the current state of knowledge, we look at the challenges and future perspectives to improve prevention by these means.
A novel system with robust compatibility and stability for detecting
Sugarcane yellow leaf virus
based on CRISPR-Cas12a
Authors: Wang Ting , Li Anzhen , Zhao Hong , Wu Qibin , Guo Jinlong , Tian Helei , Wang Jingwen , Que Youxiong , Xu Liping 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Sugarcane yellow leaf virus
(SCYLV) can reduce sugarcane productivity. A novel detection system based on reverse transcription-multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (RT-MIRA) combined with CRISPR-Cas12a, named RT-MIRA-CRISPR-Cas12a, was developed. This innovative approach employs crude leaf extract directly as the reaction template, streamlining the extraction process for simplicity and speed. Combining RT-MIRA and CRISPR-Cas12a in one reaction tube increases the ease of operation while reducing the risk of aerosol contamination. In addition, it exhibits sensitivity equivalent to qPCR, boasting a lower detection limit of 25 copies. Remarkably, the entire process, from sample extraction to reaction completion, requires only 52–57 minutes, just a thermostat water bath. The result can be observed and judged by the naked eye.

IMPORTANCE
Sugarcane yellow leaf disease (SCYLD) is an important viral disease that affects sugarcane yield. There is an urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and stable detection methods. The reverse transcription-multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification combined with CRISPR-Cas12a (RT-MIRA-CRISPR-Cas12a) method established in this study has good specificity and high sensitivity. In addition, the system showed good compatibility and stability with the crude leaf extract, as shown by the fact that the crude extract of the positive sample could still be stably detected after 1 week when placed at 4°C. RT-MIRA-CRISPR-Cas12a, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to detect SCYLV on 33 sugarcane leaf samples collected from the field, and it was found that the three methods reached consistent conclusions. This Cas12a-based detection method proves highly suitable for the rapid on-site detection of the SCYLV.
Electro-Optic Effect in Hexagonal Compounds RFeO3
Authors: Menshenin V. V. , Nosov A. P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The linear electro-optic effect is investigated in films of RFeO3 compounds (R = Y, Lu, Yb) possessing hexagonal symmetry. A general equation for the optical indicatrix of the film at arbitrary orientation of an external electric field is derived. The equation of the indicatrix in the principal axes, as well as the principal refractive indices, are determined for the particular case of an external electric field orientation along the [010] axis. Two novel optical axes are identified in the presence of an electric field. It was determined that two isonormal modes propagate in the film when light propagates along the [100] direction. The refractive indices associated with these modes were also found. The phase shift associated with the propagation of these modes and caused by the presence of an electric field is calculated. The shift is linear along the electric field, thereby demonstrating the Pockels effect.
Recovery from acute haemorrhagic leucoencephalitis secondary to COVID-19
Authors: Bunting Nicholas , Martynoga Robert , Crayton Henry , Pandita Archana 
Published: August 2024

A man in his 50s presented with sudden onset expressive aphasia and right-sided facial droop after experiencing coryzal symptoms and malaise for 7 days prior to admission. A brain MRI showed a rapidly progressive mass effect across both hemispheres and cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed neutrophil predominance with raised protein levels. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was provisionally diagnosed, and high-dose methylprednisone was initiated.On admission to the high dependency unit, the patient tested positive for COVID-19 and was treated with appropriate therapeutic agents for severe COVID-19. A subsequent brain biopsy confirmed a demyelinating process, strongly indicating a diagnosis of acute haemorrhagic leucoencephalitis when correlated with the presence of severe oedema on imaging. Nine sessions of plasma exchange were provided over 18 days.At the time of writing, the patient has made an excellent recovery. We urge clinicians to consider this diagnosis and these treatment options for an otherwise devastating condition.
Lactoferrin and lysozyme to promote nutritional, clinical and enteric recovery: a protocol for a factorial, blinded, placebo-controlled randomised trial among children with diarrhoea and malnutrition (the Boresha Afya trial)
Authors: Tiwari Ruchi , Tickell Kirkby D , Yoshioka Emily , Otieno Joyce , Shah Adeel , Richardson Barbra A , Keter Lucia , Okello Maureen , Nyabinda Churchil , Trehan Indi , McGrath Christine J , Means Arianna Rubin , Houpt Eric R , Liu Jie , Platts-Mills James A , Njunge James M , Rwigi Doreen , Diakhate Mareme M , Nyaoke Julius , Ochola Eric , John-Stewart Grace , Walson Judd L , Pavlinac Patricia B , Singa Benson O 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionChildren with moderate or severe wasting are at particularly high risk of recurrent or persistent diarrhoea, nutritional deterioration and death following a diarrhoeal episode. Lactoferrin and lysozyme are nutritional supplements that may reduce the risk of recurrent diarrhoeal episodes and accelerate nutritional recovery by treating or preventing underlying enteric infections and/or improving enteric function.Methods and analysisIn this factorial, blinded, placebo-controlled randomised trial, we aim to determine the efficacy of lactoferrin and lysozyme supplementation in decreasing diarrhoea incidence and improving nutritional recovery in Kenyan children convalescing from comorbid diarrhoea and wasting. Six hundred children aged 6–24 months with mid-upper arm circumference <12.5 cm who are returning home after an outpatient visit or inpatient hospital stay for diarrhoea will be enrolled. Children will be randomised to 16 weeks of lactoferrin, lysozyme, a combination of the two, or placebo and followed for 24 weeks, with biweekly home visits by community health workers and clinic visits at 4, 10, 16 and 24 weeks. The primary analysis will compare the incidence of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea and time to nutritional recovery between each intervention arm and placebo. The trial will also test whether these interventions reduce enteric pathogen carriage, decrease enteric permeability and/or increase haemoglobin concentration in enrolled children. Finally, we will evaluate the acceptability, adherence and cost-effectiveness of lactoferrin and/or lysozyme.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the institutional review boards of the Kenya Medical Research Institute, the University of Washington, the Kenyan Pharmacy and Poisons Board, and the Kenyan National Commission on Science, Technology and Innovation. The results of this trial will be shared with local and international stakeholders and published in peer-reviewed journals, and the key findings will be presented at relevant conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05519254, PACTR202108480098476.
Impact of the Korea Early Childhood Home-visiting Intervention (KECHI) on child health and development and maternal health: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Khang Young-Ho , Kim Yu-Mi , Kim Joo Hyun , Yu Jungok , Oh Rora , June Kyung Ja , Cho Sung-Hyun , Lee Ji Yun , Cho Hong-Jun 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) of early childhood home-visiting interventions led by nurses have been conducted mainly in Western countries, whereas such trials have been limited in non-Western cultures, including Asia. In South Korea, a national nurse home visit programme (Korea Early Childhood Home-visiting Intervention (KECHI)) was developed in 2020 and launched throughout the country. We designed a pragmatic RCT to evaluate the effectiveness of KECHI on child health and development and maternal health.Methods and analysisEligible participants will be pregnant women at <37 weeks of gestation with risk factor scores of 2 or over, who are sufficiently fluent in Korean to read and answer the questionnaire written in Korean and live in districts where the KECHI services are available. Eight hundred participants will be recruited from the general community and through the District Public Health Centres. The participants will be randomised 1:1 to KECHI plus usual care or usual care. KECHI encompasses 25–29 home visits, group activities and community service linkage. Participants will complete assessments at baseline (<37 weeks gestation), 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months post partum. The six primary outcomes will be (1) home environment (assessed by Infant/Toddler Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment), (2) emergency department visits due to injuries, (3) child development (assessed using Korean Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III), (4) breastfeeding duration, (5) maternal self-rated health and (6) community service linkage.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has received full ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of the Seoul National University Hospital. Written consent will be obtained from the participants. The results will be reported at conferences, disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and used by the Korean government to expand the KECHI services.Trial registration numberNCT04749888.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-paid vaccination intentions for children: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Wang Shuo , Xu Junfang , Zhu Jiming 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesWhile it is widely accepted that COVID-19 has disrupted routine vaccination globally, the long-term impact of COVID-19 on parental vaccination intentions is uncertain. This study aims to estimate whether COVID-19 impacted parental intentions for self-paid vaccines, and provides suggestions for local vaccination policy and intervention strategies accordingly.MethodsA questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2212 caregivers in Zhejiang province between 22 March and 30 June 2023. The following information was collected: sociodemographic characteristics, self-paid vaccination related intentions and behaviours, and vaccine hesitancy measured by the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale. Multiple multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyse the factors influencing the change in vaccination intentions.ResultsIn total, 19.32% (n=390) of respondents increased their intention to immunise their children with self-paid vaccines after the COVID-19 epidemic, 9.16% (n=185) decreased their intention, and 71.52% (n=1444) of respondents indicated that the COVID-19 epidemic did not affect their intention. The major reason for increased intentions was ‘Vaccines are effective in preventing diseases’ (83.89%) and for decreased intentions was ‘Worried about the side effects of vaccines’ (65.95%). A higher hesitancy degree (OR=2.208, p=0.0001), reduced trust in vaccines after COVID-19 (OR=16.650, p<0.0001), doctors’ recommendation of Expanded Programme on Immunization vaccines (OR=2.180, p=0.0076), and non-perfect satisfaction with vaccine information (all OR>1, all p<0.05) were considered to be drivers of decreased intention.ConclusionAlthough the intentions of self-paid vaccinations were not largely influenced, nearly 30% of caregivers’ vaccination intentions changed after the COVID-19 pandemic and most of them increased their intentions. In addition, vaccination history of self-paid vaccines, vaccine information, vaccine trust and doctors’ recommendations were the active factors for self-paid vaccination. Therefore, education on the knowledge of self-paid vaccines for caregivers should be implemented to increase their vaccination intentions and decrease the threat of infectious diseases to children’s health.
Keep your friends close, and your enemies closer: structural properties of negative relationships on Twitter
Authors: Tacchi Jack , Boldrini Chiara , Passarella Andrea , Conti Marco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Ego Network Model (ENM) is a model for the structural organisation of relationships, rooted in evolutionary anthropology, that is found ubiquitously in social contexts. It takes the perspective of a single user (Ego) and organises their contacts (Alters) into a series of (typically 5) concentric circles of decreasing intimacy and increasing size. Alters are sorted based on their tie strength to the Ego, however, this is difficult to measure directly. Traditionally, the interaction frequency has been used as a proxy but this misses the qualitative aspects of connections, such as signs (i.e. polarity), which have been shown to provide extremely useful information. However, the sign of an online social relationship is usually an implicit piece of information, which needs to be estimated by interaction data from Online Social Networks (OSNs), making sign prediction in OSNs a research challenge in and of itself. This work aims to bring the ENM into the signed networks domain by investigating the interplay of signed connections with the ENM. This paper delivers 2 main contributions. Firstly, a new and data-efficient method of signing relationships between individuals using sentiment analysis and, secondly, we provide an in-depth look at the properties of Signed Ego Networks (SENs), using 9 Twitter datasets of various categories of users. We find that negative connections are generally over-represented in the active part of the Ego Networks, suggesting that Twitter greatly over-emphasises negative relationships with respect to “offline” social networks. Further, users who use social networks for professional reasons have an even greater share of negative connections. Despite this, we also found weak signs that less negative users tend to allocate more cognitive effort to individual relationships and thus have smaller ego networks on average. All in all, even though structurally ENMs are known to be similar in both offline and online social networks, our results indicate that relationships on Twitter tend to nurture more negativity than offline contexts.
A SUPS formulation for simulating unsteady natural/mixed heat convection phenomena in square cavities under intense magnetic forces
Authors: Cengizci Süleyman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents stabilized finite element simulations of unsteady natural and mixed heat convection phenomena occurring in square enclosures. It is assumed that the enclosures are subject to intense uniform magnetic fields applied perpendicular to the vertical walls. It is well known that the classical Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) is prone to yielding nonphysical oscillations when simulating convection-dominated flows. Therefore, in order to handle such flows occurring at high Hartmann ($$0 \le {\rm Ha} \le 100$$

0
≤
Ha
≤
100

) and Rayleigh ($$10^{3} \le {\rm Ra} \le 10^{8}$$

10
3

≤
Ra
≤

10
8

) numbers, the stabilization of the GFEM is accomplished with the streamline-upwind/Petrov–Galerkin and pressure-stabilizing/Petrov–Galerkin formulations. Temporal discretizations are performed with the backward Euler formula. At each time step, the nonlinear systems are linearized with the Newton–Raphson (N–R) method, and the linearized systems are solved directly using the sparse lower–upper decomposition. The incompressible flow solvers are developed in-house, run in parallel within the FEniCS ecosystem, and tested on a comprehensive set of numerical experiments with various thermal boundary conditions. Numerical simulations and comparisons reveal that the proposed formulation performs quite well at high Hartmann and Rayleigh numbers without exhibiting any significant localized or globally spread numerical instabilities. Moreover, it achieves this by using uniform meshes and only linear elements, making the formulation much more computationally efficient. Mesh convergence analyses are also performed to demonstrate the reliability of the numerical results obtained.