bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOW TO TEACHING THE EARLY READING TO MENTALLY DISABLE STUDENTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL?
Authors: Kurniaman Otang , Eka Dewi Yunita , Noviana Eddy , Munjiatun Munjiatun 
Published: July 2024

Children with mentally disable is a children who has cognitive barriers experience, in early reading it is often disturbed by the difficulty of remembering the letters, and also connecting phonemes with the objects. This article presents innovations on how to teach early reading to mentally disable students in elementary schools. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of how teachers teach early reading to mentally retarded students in elementary schools. This study uses qualitative methods that describe how teachers teach early reading, with the subject of mentally disable classroom teachers at SDLB Kasih Ibu Pekanbaru. Data collection techniques are through observation and interviews. The results of research observation planning data, the teacher gives emphasis to the letters and shows the image in accordance with the initial letter given emphasis, and linking the material with everyday life that can be found by students using an easy to understand reading method. Observation data of the presentation component, the teacher in explaining the material using simple language, by verbal media and giving emphasis to the letters that students’ will be read. The conclusion of this study is the application of one component of the skills explains in teaching initial reading, the component of material presentation in the first day's observations has been going well.
Pengaruh Media Smart Circle Untuk Mengembangkan Kemampuan Berbahasa Anak Usia Dini Usia 5-6 Tahun Di PAUD Al-Khair
Authors: Suhirman Suhirman , Yuliastri Nur Adiyah , Alfian Rudi 
Published: July 2024

This research aims to know the effect of Smart Circle Media for Developing Language Capabilities in childhood 5-6 Years at PAUD AL-KHAIR Ambung, Masbagik Timur Village in the Academic Year 2019/2020. This research was an experimental and used one group pretest-posttest design research. The populations study were all students of group B PAUD AL-KHAIR Ambung, Masbagik Timur Village, totaling 28 students. As for the sampling technique using saturated sample technique. So there were 28 students as samples in the research activities. Data collection techniques used observation and interviews, while data collection instruments were carried out by means of observation sheets and interview guidelines. Based on the results of hypothesis testing using SPSS application version 23, it can be seen that the significance level of the results of the t test analysis is 0.03 < 0.05, so Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, it can be concluded that the use of Smart Circle Media has an influence on children's language ability early age 5-6 years old in PAUD AL-KHAIR Ambung Masbagik Timur Village Academic Year 2019/2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Media Smart Circle untuk Mengembangkan Kemampuan Berbahasa Anak Usia Dini Usia 5-6 Tahun di PAUD AL-KHAIR Ambung Desa Masbagik Timur Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dan menggunakan desain penelitian one group pretest-postest design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelompok B PAUD AL-KHAIR Ambung Desa Masbagik Timur yang berjumlah 28 Siswa. Sedangkan untuk teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh. Sehingga didapatkan siswa yang berjumlah 28 orang sebagai sampel dalam kegiatan penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara, sedangkan instrumen pengumpulan data dilakuan dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 23, dapat dilihat bahwa taraf signifikansi dari hasil analisis uji t 0,03 < 0,05, sehingga Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan pada penggunaan Media Smart Circle terdapat pengaruh terhadap kemampuan berbahasa anak usia dini usia 5-6 tahun di PAUD AL-KHAIR Ambung Desa Masbagik Timur Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020.
Building Collapse and Its Prevention in Lagos: The Role of Estate Surveyors and Valuers
Authors: Eze Hyacinth O. , Ozugha Geraldine A. , Nebo Loveline I. , Mba William O. 
Published: July 2024

Building collapse incidents in Nigeria appear to be on the increase with the cases witnessed in Lagos State being the worst. The situation has been endemic notwithstanding the efforts of professionals and other stakeholders in the built environment. Numerous literatures exist on the issue of building collapse. However, they mostly focus on the roles of other professionals such as Structural Engineers, Builders, Architects and Town Planners. On the contrary, this study centers on highlighting the significance of Estate Surveyors and Valuers contributions by getting their perspectives on building collapse , particularly in Lagos Island areas VI, Lekki, Lagos Island & Ikoyi) of Lagos State. The study employed a conceptual model which identified various factors responsible for building collapse in Lagos Island areas of Lagos, the major roles of Estate Surveyors and Valuers which can facilitate a significant reduction building collapse in Lagos State, the challenges faced by Estate Surveyors and Valuers in ensuring building collapse prevention in Lagos State and evaluated the effectiveness of existing regulations and guidelines governing the role of Estate Surveyors and Valuers in building collapse prevention in Lagos State. Data collection was by the administration of a well-structured questionnaire. Out of 80 copies of the questionnaire administered using Purposive Expert-Homogeneous sampling technique, 83.75% response rate were retrieved and evaluated for further analysis, with mean item score, and inferential statistics using Chi-square Test for the hypothesis test. The result indicates that Estate Surveyors and Valuers have significant impact in the prevention of building collapse. Based on the research findings, some useful recommendations were advanced.
How the Use of Fees, Fines and Bail Have Been Used to Criminalize Poverty: Can Reforms Help Put the Genie Back in the Bottle?
Authors: Heller Thomas Allan 
Published: July 2024

The rallying cry of many American politicians is Law and Order. This tactic wins votes. As a result of its Wars on Crime, Drugs, and the Impoverished, America has the highest rate of incarceration in the world. This article explores how, over the past few decades, politicians have charged criminal defendants every imaginable fee and fine as they wind their way through the criminal justice system in order to fund the massive prison complex that the politicians do not want to tax Americans for. These tactics have criminalized poverty, as they disproportionately impact the most marginalized in American society. These abusive and unfair tactics have drawn scrutiny from policymakers in recent years, including the American Bar Association, which adopted stringent guidelines to help inform policymakers of this critical problem in an effort to reign in the abusive use of fees and fines. The paper discusses recent reforms, many at the urging of the Department of Justice, Office for Access to Justice, in conjunction with the ABA. It discusses the main Supreme Court cases that considered the Excessive Fines Clause of the Eighth Amendment.
EVALUASI KEBUTUHAN JARINGAN IRIGASI (STUDI KASUS DAERAH IRIGASI BATANG ANAI) SUB-DI LUBUK ALUNG MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM CROPWAT 8.0 DAN HEC-RAS 5.0.1
Authors: Afandi Ahmad , Nofrizal Nofrizal , Yulan Nifen Silta , Agus Agus 
Published: July 2024

Daerah Irigasi Lubuk Alung termasuk pengelompokan dari Daerah Irigasi Batang Anai yang luas, umumnya sebahagian penduduknya adalah petani, maka kebutuhan air untuk lahan pertanian sangat diperlukan, apabila kurangnya pasokan air untuk irigasi dapat menghambat laju musim tanam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menghitung kebutuhan air irigasi pada persawahan dan perkebunan daerah irigasi Lubuk Alung dan mengetahui hasil dimensi exitingnya. Perhitungan kebutuhan air irigasi menggunakan metode KP-01 dan software Cropwat 8.0, untuk mencari dimensi exitingnya menggunakan software HEC-RAS 5.0.1. Dari hasil perhitungan kebutuhan air irigasi dengan metode KP-01 didapatkan nilai 1,42 l/dt/ha pada bulan April dan hasil perhitungan kebutuhan air irigasi yang dengan menggunakan program Cropwat 8.0 didapatkan nilai sebesar 0,36 l/dt/ha pada bulan Maret. Pada perhitungan cross section dengan software HEC-RAS 5.0.1 debit yang dipakai yaitu pada saluran primer BLS.1-BLS.2 yaitu 21,566 m3//dt dengan data dimensi saluran di hulu (P0) dengan lebar saluran (b) = 11 m, tinggi saluran H = 2,87 m dan tinggi saluran di hilir (P16) (H) = 3,14 m, dari hasil running dengan software HEC-RAS 5.0.1 didapatkan tinggi muka air di hulu (P0) (h) = 1,2 m dan tinggi muka air di hilir (P16) (h) = 1,13 m, sedangkan dari data tinjauan lapangan didapatkan tinggi air di hulu (P0) (h) = 1,23 m dan pada di hilir (P16) (h) = 1,15 m. Dari hasil yang lihat pada gambar cross section disimpulkan tinggi dimensi saluran yang tidak sama tinggi. Dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut, maka dicoba membuat ulang desain penampang saluran yang efesien. didapatkan hasil dimensi saluran exiting dengan lebar dasar saluran (b) = 8 m, lebar atas saluran (B) = 17,76 m, tinggi muka air (h) = 1,56 m, tinggi saluran (H) = 2,44 m, dan tinggi jagaan (w) = 0,88 m.
DESAIN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA
Authors: Marfizal Marfizal , Tonadi Shodiq Een , Wardianto Dedi , Sufiyanto Sufiyanto 
Published: July 2024

Penyaluran listrik PLN untuk daerah terpencil belum tercapai sehingga ada alternatif lain sumber daya yang dibutuhkan, misalnya pembangkit listrik tenaga surya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang dan menganalisis potensi pembangkit listrik tenaga surya dengan sistem off-grid yang digunakan untuk mensuplai rumah tinggal apabila listrik PLN mati. Pembangkit tenaga surya ini di rancang untuk beban 17 kwh /perhari, Efisiensi (ηinv) inverter 93%, Efisiensi baterai blok adalah ηBAh = 85%, Tegangan sistem DC dipilih 48 V. Sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga surya yang dirancang pada penelitian ini adalah sistem off-grid. Komponen utama dipilih berdasarkan hasil perhitungan jumlah panel 3563 Wp, dengan baterai penyimpanan total 1172 Ah. Jika menggunakan baterai Litium 48v/160ah yang di hubungkan secara parallel menggunakan 7 buah baterai dengan lama pengisian 7,3 jam, arus scc minimum 74 Ah., arus inverter 41, 6 Ah dengan sudut kemiringan panel 15 derajat.
Behavioral patterns of Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during spawning migration across the coastal water-river continuum in Northeastern Korea
Authors: Kim Beom-Sik , Kang Chang-Keun , Jung Hae Kun , Park Hyun Je , Park Jong Won , Kim Ju Kyoung , Lee Chung Il 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Korea’s northeastern coastal waters (NECWs) represent the southwestern range of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), spanning temperate and boreal zones. However, understanding their migration to the NECWs in association with environmental changes remains challenging. Using tagging and tracking techniques, we studied salmon migration behavior and timing during spawning in ascending rivers. When sea levels rose, resulting in a decrease in sea surface temperature, salmon exhibited active vertical movement through the water column and migrated to the surface layer. The number of salmon ascending rivers between early October and early December increased when the sea surface temperature decreased below 18°C, peaking when the water column was mixed during spring tides, and decreased when sea surface temperature dropped below 14°C. In rivers, salmon favored gravelly riverbeds over sand/silt substrates, stayed in deep and shaded areas during the day, and advanced upstream at night. Our findings emphasize that water temperature and tidal elevation are key factors affecting salmon distribution in coastal waters and the timing of river entry. Riverbed composition, water depth, and photoperiod also influenced migration speed and timing in rivers. This research enhances our understanding of salmon behavior during spawning in the NECWs and adjacent rivers at their southern limits.
The sodium leak channel drives a glutamatergic projection from dorsal dentate gyrus to medial septum for normal social interactions
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Wang Jinping , Zhang Lanyu , Liu Jin , Yang Yaoxin , Wei Xinchuan , Jiang Xiaoqin , Hua Yusi , Zhu Tao , Chen Guo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Chronic stress deficits social behaviors which involve malfunction of dentate gyrus (DG). However, the exact molecular mechanism and/or neural circuit of DG participated in social impairments induced by chronic stress is largely unknown. Here, we report that the sodium leak channel (NALCN) reduction in the dorsal DG (dDG) but not the ventral DG (vDG) induces social deficit of chronic stress through lowering the excitability and the firings of the glutamatergic neurons. Furthermore, we reveal the medial septum (MS) is an important downstream projection region of the dDG glutamatergic neurons involved in the social impairments of chronic stress and activating the dDG-MS glutamatergic projection significantly relieves these social deficits. In summary, these findings indicate that NALCN in the dDG glutamatergic neurons presents a promising molecular target for social deficit of chronic stress via influencing the activity of the dDG glutamatergic neurons (dDGGlu) and their projection to the MS.
Analyzing the Sensitivity and Antibiotic Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Isolated from Animal Products in Almaty Region, Kazakhstan
Authors: Latypova Z. A. , Nurpeisova A. S. , Nurgalieva M. T. , Bizhanov A. B. , Yussupov M. R. , Abay Zh. S. , Sarbakanova S. T. , Shakibaev E. B. , Kerimbaeva R. A. , Kobdikova G. M. , Tursynova Zh. S. , Nurlybayev O. O. , Ibrayim N. K. , Mussayeva A. K. , Yoo H. S. , Mamanova S. B. , Serikov M. S. , Suchshikh V. , Abdraimova Zh. A. , Kassenov M. M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: This article presents the results of studies on the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates isolated from animal products of the Almaty region, Kazakhstan using a new domestic component of culture media for the cultivation of microorganisms from defibrinated horse blood.
Results: The results showed that the Almaty region can be classified as region with low resistance rates of E. coli to cefotaxime, ampicillin/sulbactam, levofloxacin, meropenem and Salmonella to levofloxacin and high resistance rates of E. coli to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and Salmonella to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin. The use of a domestic component of culture media for the cultivation of microorganisms from defibrinated horse blood makes it possible to obtain media enriched with micro and macronutrients for reliable and high-quality laboratory analyses.
Conclusions: It is assumed that the irrational use of fluoroquinolones in animal husbandry leads to an increase in the resistance of microorganisms that cause infectious diseases common to humans and animals, since the above types of antibiotics (fluoroquinolones) are the most important drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections in medicine and veterinary medicine.
The results indicate that pathogens of enteropathogenic diseases resistant to antibacterial drugs are circulating in the territory of the Almaty region of Kazakhstan and the use of a domestic component of culture media for the cultivation of microorganisms from defibrinated horse blood makes it possible to obtain media enriched with micro and macronutrients for reliable and high-quality laboratory analyses.
Intergenerational transmission of polygenic predisposition for neuropsychiatric traits on emotional and behavioural difficulties in childhood
Authors: Allegrini Andrea , Hannigan Laurie , Frach Leonard , Barkhuizen Wikus , Baldwin Jessie , Andreassen Ole , Bragantini Daniela , Hegemann Laura , Havdahl Alexandra , Pingault Jean-Baptiste 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Childhood emotional and behavioural difficulties frequently co-occur and often precede diagnosed neuropsychiatric conditions. Delineating shared and specific risk factors for emotional and behavioural difficulties early in life is therefore essential for prevention strategies. Here, we focus on how a set of key parental risk factors shape their offspring’s behavioural and emotional symptoms. Leveraging data from 14,959 genotyped family trios from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), we model symptom level data into general and specific domains. We then investigate the direct (genetically transmitted) and indirect (environmentally mediated) contributions of polygenic risk for neuropsychiatric and related traits to general and specific domains. We observe evidence consistent with an environmental route to general symptomatology beyond genetic transmission, while also demonstrating domain-specific direct and indirect genetic contributions. Our findings pave the way for a better identification of early risk pathways that can be targeted in preventive interventions aiming to interrupt the intergenerational cycle of risk transmission.
Salt-induced changes in the photosynthetic apparatus and carbon metabolism of two tomato cultivars with varying salt tolerance
Authors: li xuezhen , Han yongchao , Cong yundan , Wang longfei , Shi yujie , liu huiying , Liu huifang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Soil salinization severely affects plant photosynthesis and reduces crop yield and quality. Therefore, we investigated the structure and function of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) of tomato seedlings [Zhongshu No.4 (salt-sensitive) and Jinpeng No.3 (salt-tolerant)] after salt stress treatment were analyzed using rapid chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and 820-nm transmission kinetics. Moreover, the activity and transcript level of enzymes related to Calvin cycle and sucrose metabolism were investigated.
Results
The structure and function of PSI and PSII were suppressed in both tomato varieties under salt stress as evidenced by Electron transfer chains are inhibited from transferring electrons, photosynthetic reaction centers are damaged, and energy flow distribution is disrupted. In addition, salt stress significantly inhibited the carbon assimilation efficiency of both tomato varieties as indicated by decrease in the activities of Rubisco (initial and total), RCA, PGK, FBPase, GAPDH, and FBA and transcript level and promoted sugar accumulation. Compared with salt-sensitive Zhongshu No.4, the photosynthetic apparatus and carbon metabolism of salt-resistant Jingpeng No.3 were much more tolerant to salt treatment.
Conclusion
Jingpeng No.3 had a higher electron transfer efficiency. The donor side and acceptor side of PSII, the integrity of the thylakoid, and the oxidized and redox state of PSI were less inhibited by salt stress. Meanwhile, the activation of photosynthetic protection mechanism increased the utilization of energy for photochemical reactions, decreased the excitation pressure of RC and led to a smoother energy flow. Improved carbon assimilation efficiency and sucrose metabolism efficiency. Therefore, Jinpeng No.3 has salt tolerance.
Therapeutic potential of 7-oxo-DHEA as an adjunctive host-directed therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Vecchione María Belén , Barrios-Payán Jorge , Mata-Espinosa Dulce , Márquez-Velasco Ricardo , Marquina-Castillo Brenda , Giannone Denise Anabella , Acevedo Milagros Victoria , Quiroga Maria Florencia , Hernández-Pando Rogelio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Anti-tuberculous therapy successfully eradicates the infection, but it is long-lasting and impose the use of multiple drugs. Therefore, it is required to develop additional immunotherapy approaches to protect and manage human tuberculosis. In this study, we examined the properties of 7-oxo- dehydroepiandrosterone (7-oxo-DHEA), a DHEA-derivative hormone, through both in vitro and in vivo settings for M. tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Firstly, we observed that 7-oxo-DHEA exhibited a bacteriostatic effect over Mtb growth. Furthermore, in an in vitro model of infection, 7-oxo-DHEA improved the killing of Mtb by human and murine macrophages and reduced the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines secretion. Remarkably, 7-oxo-DHEA treatment moderated Mtb growth and lung injury during the progressive phase of TB disease in mice. Our findings demonstrate that this compound enhances immune responses, resulting in a more favorable profile for mycobacteria control. Further investigations are required to explore the potential use of 7-oxo-DHEA as a novel adjunctive host-directed treatment in the context of pulmonary tuberculosis disease, constraining Mtb infection and preventing severe lung injury.
Synthetic heparan sulfate mimics based on chitosan derivatives show broad-spectrum antiviral activity
Authors: Geller Ron , Revuelta Julia , Rusu Luciana , Francés-Gómez Clara , Trapero Elena , Iglesias Susana , Pinilla Eva Calvo , Blázquez Ana-Belén , gutierrez-adan alfonso , Konuparamban Acsah , Moreno Oscar , Martínez María Gómez , Forcada-Nadal Alicia , López-Redondo Maria Luisa , Llácer José Luis , Llop Jordi , MARTIN-ACEBES MIGUEL , Fernández-Mayoralas Alfonso 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Enveloped viruses enter cells by binding to receptors present on host cell membranes, which trigger internalization and membrane fusion. For many viruses, this either directly or indirectly involves interaction with membrane-anchored carbohydrates, such as heparan sulfate, providing a potential target for a broad-spectrum antiviral approach. Based on this hypothesis, we screened a library of functionalized chitosan sulfates that mimic heparan sulfate in cellular membranes for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) entry. An array of compounds blocking SARS-CoV-2 and RSV were identified, with the lead compound displaying broad-spectrum activity against multiple viral strains and clinical isolates. Mechanism of action studies showed the drug to block viral entry irreversibly, likely via a virucidal mechanism. Importantly, the drug was non-toxic in vivo and showed potent post-exposure therapeutic activity against both SARS-CoV-2 and RSV. Together, these results highlight the potential of functionalized carbohydrates as broad-spectrum antivirals targeting respiratory viruses.
Deep Learning based prediction and monitoring of Parkinson’s Disease using Voice Data
Authors: Maiti Samaresh , Sen Sohom , Manna Sumanta , Kole Alok , Mondal Rituparna , Chatterjee Banashree 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Accurately detecting Parkinson’s disease (PD) at an early stage is certainly indispensable for slowing down its progress and providing patients the possibility of accessing to disease-modifying therapy. An innovative deep-learning technique is proposed to predict and monitor the Parkinson’s Disease (PD) through voice data and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score. The rise of an aging population over the world emphasizes the need to detect PD early, remotely and accurately. PD is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the Central Nervous System (CNS), leading to symptoms like tremors, stiffness, slow movements, balance and coordination difficulties, and speech disorders. Early detection and severity assessment of PD using Machine Learning is crucial. Speech recognition offers a new approach for diagnosis and monitoring of PD. This paper highlights Deep Learning models with acoustic features like jitter, shimmer, intensity and pitch for automatic detection and use of UPDRS score for severity assessment. Two datasets, one of them containing speech samples from PD patients and healthy individuals and another containing voice data and UPDRS score, with on disk size of 5.3 MB and 1.01 MB respectively, are used in this proposed work. A comparison between the proposed Residual Neural Network (ResNet) and other ten machine learning and ensemble learning methods based on relatively small data including 64 healthy individuals and 188 early PD patients shows the superior detection performance of the designed model, which achieves the highest accuracy, 98 % on average and precision, 0.98 and F1-Score, 0.98.