bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived discrimination amongst young people in socio‐economically disadvantaged communities: Parental support and community identity buffer (some) negative impacts of stigma
Authors: Bradshaw Daragh , Jay Sarah , McNamara Namh , Stevenson Clifford , Muldoon Orla T. 
Published: October 2015

There is increasing acceptance that children are not unaware of when they are targets of discrimination. However, discrimination as a consequence of socio‐economic disadvantage remains understudied. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of perceived discrimination on well‐being, perceptions of safety and school integration amongst children growing up within socio‐economically disadvantaged communities in Limerick, Ireland. Mediation analysis was used to explore these relationships and to examine the potential role of parental support and community identity in boys and girls in the 6th to 9th year of compulsory education (N = 199). Results indicate perceived discrimination contributed to negative outcomes in terms of school integration, perceptions of safety and levels of well‐being. Age and gender differences were observed which disadvantaged boys and younger children. All negative outcomes were buffered by parental support. Community identity also protected young people in terms of feelings of school integration and risk but not in terms of psychological well‐being. Findings are discussed in terms of the different role of family and community supports for children negotiating negative social representations of their community.
Functional, electrophysiological and molecular docking analysis of the modulation of Cav1.2 channels in rat vascular myocytes by murrayafoline A
Authors: Saponara S , Durante M , Spiga O , Mugnai P , Sgaragli G , Huong TT , Khanh PN , Son NT , Cuong NM , Fusi F 
Published: October 2015

Background and PurposeThe carbazole alkaloid murrayafoline A (MuA) enhances contractility and the Ca2+currents carried by the Cav1.2 channels [ICa1.2] of rat cardiomyocytes. As only few drugs stimulate ICa1.2, this study was designed to analyse the effects of MuA on vascular Cav1.2 channels.Experimental ApproachVascular activity was assessed on rat aorta rings mounted in organ baths. Cav1.2 Ba2+current [IBa1.2] was recorded in single rat aorta and tail artery myocytes by the patch‐clamp technique. Docking at a 3D model of the rat, α1ccentral pore subunit of the Cav1.2 channel was simulatedin silico.Key ResultsIn rat aorta rings MuA, at concentrations ≤14.2 μM, increased 30 mM K+‐induced tone and shifted the concentration‐response curve to K+to the left. Conversely, at concentrations >14.2 μM, it relaxed high K+depolarized rings and antagonized Bay K 8644‐induced contraction. In single myocytes, MuA stimulated IBa1.2in a concentration‐dependent, bell‐shaped manner; stimulation was stable, incompletely reversible upon drug washout and accompanied by a leftward shift of the voltage‐dependent activation curve. MuA docked at the α1Csubunit central pore differently from nifedipine and Bay K 8644, although apparently interacting with the same amino acids of the pocket. Neither Bay K 8644‐induced stimulation nor nifedipine‐induced block of IBa1.2was modified by MuA.Conclusions and ImplicationsMurrayafoline A is a naturally occurring vasoactive agent able to modulate Cav1.2 channels and dock at the α1Csubunit central pore in a manner that differed from that of dihydropyridines. © 2015 The British Pharmacological Society
Maternal anxiety versus depressive disorders: specific relations to infants' crying, feeding and sleeping problems
Authors: Petzoldt J. , Wittchen H.‐U. , Einsle F. , Martini J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundMaternal depression has been associated with excessive infant crying, feeding and sleeping problems, but the specificity of maternal depression, as compared with maternal anxiety remains unclear and manifest disorders prior to pregnancy have been widely neglected. In this prospective longitudinal study, the specific associations of maternal anxiety and depressive disorders prior to, during and after pregnancy and infants' crying, feeding and sleeping problems were investigated in the context of maternal parity.MethodsIn the Maternal Anxiety in Relation to Infant Development (MARI) Study, n = 306 primiparous and multiparous women were repeatedly interviewed from early pregnancy until 16 months post partum with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for Women (CIDI‐V) to assess DSM‐IV anxiety and depressive disorders. Information on excessive infant crying, feeding and sleeping problems was obtained from n = 286 mothers during postpartum period via questionnaire and interview (Baby‐DIPS).ResultsFindings from this study revealed syndrome‐specific risk constellations for maternal anxiety and depressive disorders as early as prior to pregnancy: Excessive infant crying (10.1%) was specifically associated with maternal anxiety disorders, especially in infants of younger and lower educated first‐time mothers. Feeding problems (36.4%) were predicted by maternal anxiety (and comorbid depressive) disorders in primiparous mothers and infants with lower birth weight. Infant sleeping problems (12.2%) were related to maternal depressive (and comorbid anxiety) disorders irrespective of maternal parity.ConclusionsPrimiparous mothers with anxiety disorders may be more prone to anxious misinterpretations of crying and feeding situations leading to an escalation of mother–infant interactions. The relation between maternal depressive and infant sleeping problems may be better explained by a transmission of unsettled maternal sleep to the fetus during pregnancy or a lack of daily structure and bedtime routine with the infant. Maternal disorders prior to pregnancy require more attention in research and clinical practice.
Poverty, Urbanicity, and Children's Development of Early Academic Skills
Authors: Votruba‐Drzal Elizabeth , Miller Portia , Coley Rebekah Levine 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPoor children across the world live in communities spanning the rural to urban continuum. The United States has witnessed a transformation in the spatial location of poverty, with poor families dispersed increasingly across suburban communities and small towns as well as in inner cities and remote rural areas. Therefore, we must consider the broader macrosystem—what we call urbanicity—in which poverty is experienced. In this article, we draw from psychological and economic theories to present a conceptual model in which the experiences and repercussions of poverty may differ based on the macrosystem in which poverty occurs, that is, whether it happens in an urban, suburban, or rural community. We first describe characteristics of urban, suburban, and rural communities and propose potential repercussions of living in each of these places for economically disadvantaged children's development. We then summarize results from research on urbanicity differences in associations between income and children's academic skills. We end with suggestions for research.
The association of thiol/disulphide homeostasis and lipid accumulation index with cardiovascular risk factors in overweight adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Ozler Sibel , Oztas Efser , Tokmak Aytekin , Ergin Merve , Isci Esra , Eren Funda , Pehlivan Selcen , Neselioglu Salim , Yılmaz Nafiye 
Published: October 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo assess thiol/disulphide homeostasis and lipid accumulation product index, and to determine whether they are associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk or not in overweight adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).DesignCase–control study.SettingEducation and Research Hospital.PatientsGroup 1: 43 overweight+PCOS, Group 2: 45 normal weight+PCOS, Group 3: 27 overweight adolescents and Group 4: 96 age‐matched, normal weight healthy controls.InterventionsSerum lipid profiles, hormonal parameters and thiol/disulphide homeostasis were measured. Lipid accumulation index (LAP index) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA‐IR) were calculated.Main outcome measuresThe relation between thiol/disulphide homeostasis and LAP index, and increased CVD risk were evaluated in overweight adolescents with PCOS.ResultsNative and total thiol levels were significantly lower in overweight+PCOS adolescents when compared with both normal weight PCOS and control adolescents (P = 0·002). LAP index values were significantly higher in Group 1 when compared separately with the rest of the three groups (P < 0·001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed serum total thiol levels of lower than 405·45 μmol/l were independently associated with increased risk of CVD in overweight PCOS adolescents (OR: 1·019, 95% CI: 1·001–1·036). In addition, a LAP index greater than 21·54 was also associated with increased CVD risk in overweight PCOS adolescents (OR: 1·270, 95% CI: 1·174–1·374).ConclusionIn conclusion, we suggest that increased LAP index and decreased total thiol levels may contribute to the increased CVD risk in overweight adolescents with PCOS.
What Do People Find Incompatible With Causal Determinism?
Authors: Bear Adam , Knobe Joshua 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFour studies explored people's judgments about whether particular types of behavior are compatible with determinism. Participants read a passage describing a deterministic universe, in which everything that happens is fully caused by whatever happened before it. They then assessed the degree to which different behaviors were possible in such a universe. Other participants evaluated the extent to which each of these behaviors had various features (e.g., requiring reasoning). We assessed the extent to which these features predicted judgments about whether the behaviors were possible in a deterministic universe. Experiments 1 and 2 found that people's judgments about whether a behavior was compatible with determinism were not predicted by their judgments about whether that behavior relies on physical processes in the brain and body, is uniquely human, is unpredictable, or involves reasoning. Experiment 3, however, found that a distinction between what we call “active” and “passive” behaviors can explain people's judgments. Experiment 4 extended these findings, showing that we can measure this distinction in several ways and that it is robustly predicted by two different cues. Taken together, these results suggest that people carve up mentally guided behavior into two distinct types—understanding one type to be compatible with determinism, but another type to be fundamentally incompatible with determinism.
Pricing and sales tax collection policies for e‐cigarette starter kits and disposable products sold online
Authors: Cuomo Raphael E. , Miner Angela , Mackey Tim K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have examined marketing characteristics of e‐cigarettes sold online and others have examined e‐cigarettes pricing in retail (non‐Internet) settings. This study expands on these findings by examining pricing and marketing characteristics of interest among e‐cigarette online vendors.MethodsStructured web searches were conducted from August–September 2014 to identify popular e‐cigarette Internet vendors. We then collected pricing data (e‐cigarette starter kits and disposables), sales tax collection policies and other vendor marketing characteristics. Average price for each product category was then compared with marketing characteristics using linear regression for continuous variables and independent t‐tests for binary variables.ResultsOur searches yielded 44 e‐cigarette Internet vendors of which 77% (n = 34) sold a total of 238 starter kit offerings (Mprice = $55.89). Half (n = 22) sold disposable types of e‐cigarettes (Mprice = $7.17 p/e‐cigarette) at a price lower than reported elsewhere in retail settings. Average disposable e‐cigarette prices were also significantly higher for vendors displaying more health warning notices (P = 0.001). Only 46% disclosed sales tax collection policies and only 39% collected sales tax in their state of business.ConclusionsThis study expands on current understanding of e‐cigarette pricing and availability online and finds variation in e‐cigarette pricing may be influenced by type of product, use of online health warnings and vendor sales tax collection policies. It also finds that e‐cigarette online access and availability may be impacted by a combination of pricing and marketing strategies uniquely different from e‐cigarette retail settings that requires further study and targeted policy‐making. [Cuomo RE, Miner A, Mackey TK. Pricing and sales tax collection policies for e‐cigarette starter kits and disposable products sold online. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015]
Comorbidities and inhibitors in adult patients with haemophilia: issues, costs and management strategies
Authors: Berntorp Erik , Mauser‐Bunschoten Evelien , Jiménez‐Yuste Víctor , Spears Jeffrey B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlong with greater life expectancy in patients with haemophilia has been an increase in associated haemophilia‐related (arthropathy, osteoporosis, viral infections) and age‐related (cardiovascular disease, renal disease, cancer and others) comorbidities, many of which are only just emerging as the population ages. At present, experience in managing these comorbidities is limited. As the demographic shift continues, haemophilia care centres can expect to encounter more patients with greater levels of complexity. In the absence of evidence‐based information to guide the management of adult patients with haemophilia, it is important that the scientific position be reviewed on a regular basis. To this end, several topics relevant to the clinical management of adult patients with haemophilia were examined in a symposium entitledComorbidities and inhibitors in adult patients with haemophilia: issues, costs and management strategiesheld on 11 February 2015 in Helsinki, Finland, in conjunction with the 8th Annual Congress of the European Association for Haemophilia and Allied Disorders. This article is a summary of that event.
Different interaction modes for the default mode network revealed by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zuo Nianming , Song Ming , Fan Lingzhong , Eickhoff Simon B. , Jiang Tianzi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe default mode network (DMN), which, in the resting state, is in charge of both the brain's intrinsic mentation and its reflexive responses to external stimuli, is recognized as an essential network in the human brain. These two roles of mentation and reflexive response recruit the DMN nodes and other task networks differently. Existing research has revealed that the interactions inside the DMN (between nodes within the DMN) and outside the DMN (between nodes in the DMN and nodes in task networks) have different modes, in terms of both strength and timing. These findings raise interesting questions. For example, are the internal and external interactions of the DMN equally linear or nonlinear? This study examined these interaction patterns using datasets from the Human Connectome Project. A maximal information‐based nonparametric exploration statistics strategy was utilized to characterize the full correlations, and the Pearson correlation was used to capture the linear component of the full correlations. We then contrasted the level of linearity/nonlinearity with respect to the internal and external interactions of the DMN. After a brain‐wide exploration, we found that the interactions between the DMN and the sensorimotor‐related networks (including the sensorimotor, sensory association, and integration areas) showed more nonlinearity, whereas those between the intra‐DMN nodes were similarly less nonlinear. These findings may provide a clue for understanding the underlying neuronal principles of the internal and external roles of the DMN.
Growth Capital‐Backed IPOs
Authors: Ritter Jay R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGrowth capital investing is the financing of growing businesses that are investing in tangible assets and the acquisition of other companies. Growth capital is common in retailing, restaurant chains, and health care management, and represents 12% of all venture capital (VC)‐backed initial public offerings (IPOs). Since 1980, investing in growth capital‐backed IPOs has produced mean three‐year style‐adjusted buy‐and‐hold returns of +25.2%, in contrast to style‐adjusted returns of approximately zero for other VC‐backed and buyout‐backed IPOs. One‐third of growth capital‐backed IPOs are rollups and these have produced much higher returns for investors than rollups without a financial sponsor.
Performance of Foreign and Global Mutual Funds: The Role of Security Selection, Region‐Shifting, and Style‐Shifting Abilities
Authors: Tsai Hui‐Ju , Wu Yangru 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe examine the performance of U.S.‐based foreign and global funds after controlling for their regional and style exposure. We show that, on average, the total performance (TP) and security selection abilities of both foreign and global funds are significantly negative and exhibit short‐term predictability. Additionally, R2 reflects funds’ security selection abilities, consistent with previous findings for domestic mutual funds. Investors can earn higher abnormal returns and TP in the short run by purchasing past winners with low R2 than by purchasing past losers with high R2. However, there is no evidence of predictability in the funds' region‐shifting and style‐shifting abilities.
The Global Preference for Dividends in Declining Markets
Authors: Goldstein Michael A. , Goyal Abhinav , Lucey Brian M. , Muckley Cal B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInvestors globally prefer dividend‐paying stocks over nondividend‐paying stocks more in declining than in advancing markets, even accounting for firm‐level growth opportunities, size and risk effects. Dividend‐paying stocks outperform nondividend‐paying stocks, from 0.63% (China) to 3.79% (Canada) more per month in declining than in advancing markets. In declining markets, dividend‐paying firms outperform by more than any underperformance in advancing markets. The results are robust across dividend taxation regimes, legal environments, emerging and developed markets, periods prior to and after the 2008 global financial crisis, the exclusion of the dividend declaration month and in respect to segmented or integrated international capital markets.
Does Investment Horizon Matter? Disentangling the Effect of Institutional Herding on Stock Prices
Authors: Yüksel H. Zafer 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study finds that, over short horizons, herding by short‐term institutions promotes price discovery. In contrast, herding by long‐term institutions drives stock prices away from fundamentals over the same periods. Furthermore, while the positive predictability of short‐term institutional herding for stock prices is more pronounced for small stocks and stocks with high growth opportunities, the negative association between long‐term institutional herding and stock prices is stronger for stocks whose valuations are highly uncertain and subjective. Finally, we show that the destabilizing effect of institutional herding persistence documented in the recent literature is entirely driven by persistent herding by long‐term institutions.
Fails‐to‐Deliver before and after the Implementation of Rule 203 and Rule 204
Authors: Jain Archana , Jain* Chinmay 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe study the determinants of fails‐to‐deliver in the period before and after the implementation of Rule 203 (elimination of option market maker exception from the locate and close‐out requirement) and Rule 204 (t+3 close‐out rule) in September 2008. We find a positive relation between short selling and fails‐to‐deliver that weakens after the implementation of these rules. Fails‐to‐deliver are higher for stocks with low institutional ownership, low book‐to‐market, small market capitalization, high turnover, and put option availability. The relation between short selling and these measures of borrowing costs is also weaker after the implementation of these rules.
California forests show early indications of both range shifts and local persistence under climate change
Authors: Serra‐Diaz Josep M. , Franklin Janet , Dillon Whalen W. , Syphard Alexandra D. , Davis Frank W. , Meentemeyer Ross K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimForest regeneration data provide an early signal of the persistence and migration of tree species, so we investigated whether species shifts due to climate change exhibit a common signal of response or whether changes vary by species.LocationCalifornia Floristic Province, United States; mediterranean biome.MethodsWe related Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data from 2000−07 for 13 tree species to high‐resolution climate and geographical data. Using methods from invasion ecology, we derived indices of species‐specific regeneration overlap and central tendency change (range‐wide global indicators) based on kernel density estimation of presence and absence of regeneration. We then built regeneration surfaces to identify areas of occurrence of high regeneration (regeneration hotspots, local indicators) in both geographical and climate space for 13 common tree species.ResultsDifferences between presence and absence of regeneration in forests varied in magnitude across species, with little evidence that tree regeneration is shifting to higher latitudes and elevations, the expected geographical fingerprint of climate change. We also identified potential topographic mediators of regeneration dynamics. Multiple regeneration hotspots were found for many species, suggesting the influence of non‐climatic factors on regeneration. Differences between the presence and absence of regeneration in geographic and climate spaces were not always congruent, suggesting that shifting climate space and range area are not entirely coupled.Main conclusionsThe distributions of regeneration in Californian forests show diverse signals, not always tracking the higher latitudinal–elevation fingerprint of climate change. Local regeneration hotspots are common in our analysis, suggesting spatially varying persistence of forest linked to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Our results emphasize that projections of tree range shifts in the context of climate change should consider the variation of regeneration drivers within species ranges, beyond the overall climate signal.