bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brewing Jujube Brandy with Daqu and Yeast by Solid‐State Fermentation
Authors: Li Shu‐gang , Mao Zhi‐yang , Wang Ping , Zhang Ye , Sun Pan‐pan , Xu Qian , Yu Jun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractChinese Junzao jujube in Xinjiang is a high‐quality brew resource because of its high sugar content. Jujube paste was hydrolyzed by a multi‐enzyme and then fermented with Daqu and yeast through a solid‐state fermentation process. After distilling and aging, the final product has a typical characteristic of brandy. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were a mixture of pectinase and cellulase with a ratio of 1:3, a dosage of multi‐enzyme of 0.75% (w/w), an enzymolysis pH of 3.5–4.0, a temperature of 50C and a time of 3 h. The optimal fermentation process was as follows: active dry wine yeast‐SY yeast strain, dosage of yeast of 0.5%, dosage of Daqu of 18%, fermentation temperature of 25C and fermentation time of 21 days. After distilling and aging, the alcohol content was 51.5% (v/v) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis demonstrated that the final product has rich, unique flavor characteristics. The results indicated that Daqu and solid‐state fermentation can promote and enrich the flavor formation of jujube brandy.Practical ApplicationsJujube output increases rapidly in China, especially in the Xinjiang area, but the development of process technology and high value‐added products of jujube is lacking. The present study provides a new process of brewing brandy with jujube. The results indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis of raw jujube before fermentation was beneficial for its utilization. The solid‐state fermentation process was feasible for brewing jujube brandy; by combining a mixed strain of yeast and Daqu, a rich flavor of brandy was produced. This process should be a good example for brewing brandy products produced by other types of fruits.
How large are departures from lithostatic pressure? Constraints from host–inclusion elasticity
Authors: Angel R. J. , Nimis P. , Mazzucchelli M. L. , Alvaro M. , Nestola F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMinerals trapped as inclusions within other host minerals will develop non‐lithostatic pressures during both prograde and retrograde metamorphism because of the differences between the thermoelastic properties of the host and inclusion phases. There is only a single possible path in P–T space, the entrapment isomeke, along which no residual pressure would be developed in a host–inclusion system; non‐lithostatic pressures are developed in inclusions as a result of the external pressure and temperature deviating from the isomeke that passes through the entrapment conditions. With modern equation of state and elasticity data for minerals now available, it is possible to perform precise calculations of the isomekes for mineral pairs. These show that isomeke lines are not straight lines in P–T space at metamorphic conditions. We show that silicate inclusions in silicate hosts tend to have flat isomekes, with small values of , because of the small range of thermal expansion coefficients of silicate minerals. As a consequence, the general behaviour under decompression is for soft silicate inclusions in stiffer hosts to develop excess pressures, whereas a stiff silicate inclusion in a softer matrix will experience lower pressures than lithostatic pressure. The opposite effects occur for compression after entrapment on the prograde path. The excess pressures in inclusions, including allowance for mutual elastic relaxation of the host and inclusion, are most easily calculated by using the isomeke as a basis. Analysis of the simplest possible model of a host–inclusion system indicates that deviations from lithostatic pressure in excess of 1 GPa can be readily produced in quartz inclusions within garnet in metamorphic rocks. For softer host minerals such as feldspar, the pressure deviations are smaller, because of greater elastic relaxation of the host. The maximum pressure deviation from lithostatic pressure in the host phase around the inclusion is one‐third of the pressure deviation in the inclusion. Routines for performing these calculations have been added to the EosFit7c software package.
A BURNING QUESTION: DOES ARSON INCREASE WHEN LOCAL HOUSE PRICES DECLINE?
Authors: Eriksen Michael D. , Carson James M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe construct panel data on house prices and the determined cause of 4.8 million individual fires in the United States between 1986 and 2010 to test whether decreases in local housing market prices coincided with increases in arson. Since some insured homeowners may attempt to disguise the actual cause of fire as accidental, we also examine how decreases in local house prices are associated with changes in the total number of fires and the probability of determined causes of accidental fires. For the sample period, our results suggest that declines in local house prices coincided with increases in arson, the total number of fires, and the probability that fires were determined to occur due to arson and misuse. We provide further support for the existence of such an effect with empirical evidence that the relation between declines in house prices and arson is stronger in states that allow mortgage lender recourse.
Caldora penicillata gen. nov., comb. nov. (Cyanobacteria), a pantropical marine species with biomedical relevance
Authors: Engene Niclas , Tronholm Ana , Salvador‐Reyes Lilibeth A. , Luesch Hendrik , Paul Valerie J. 
Published: May 2015

Many tropical marine cyanobacteria are prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites with ecological relevance and promising pharmaceutical applications. One species of chemically rich, tropical marine cyanobacteria that was previously identified as Symploca hydnoides or Symploca sp. corresponds to the traditional taxonomic definition of Phormidium penicillatum. In this study, we clarified the taxonomy of this biomedically and ecologically important cyanobacterium by comparing recently collected specimens with the original type material and the taxonomic description of P. penicillatum. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S‐23S internal transcribed spacer regions showed that P. penicillatum formed an independent clade sister to the genus Symploca, and distantly related to Phormidium and Lyngbya. We propose the new genus Caldora for this clade, with Caldora penicillata comb. nov. as the type species and designate as the epitype the recently collected strain FK13‐1. Furthermore, the production of bioactive secondary metabolites among various geographically dispersed collections of C. penicillata showed that this species consistently produced the metabolite dolastatin 10 and/or the related compound symplostatin 1, which appear to be robust autapomorphic characters and chemotaxonomic markers for this taxon.
Lipid subclasses profiles and oxidative stress in aggressive periodontitis before and after treatment
Authors: Nibali L. , Rizzo M. , Li Volti G. , D'Aiuto F. , Giglio R. V. , Barbagallo I. , Pelekos G. , Donos N. 
Published: May 2015

Background and ObjectiveAssociations between dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and periodontitis have emerged in recent years. However, there is a lack of studies investigating these associations in aggressive periodontitis (AgP) cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the lipid and oxidative stress profiles in patients with AgP, and to relate them to clinical variables and interleukin (IL)‐6 genetic variants.Material and MethodsTwelve non‐smoking Caucasian patients with AgP selected based on their IL6 haplotypes underwent periodontal non‐surgical and surgical treatment. Peripheral blood samples taken at baseline and at six different time‐points after treatment were processed to determine IL‐6 circulating levels, lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein [HDL] and low‐density lipoprotein [LDL] subclasses) and oxidative stress markers (glutathione and total lipid hydroperoxide levels).ResultsHDLs were the most prevalent lipoproteins, followed by intermediate‐density lipoprotein, very‐low‐density lipoprotein and LDL. The LDL subclasses consisted mainly of the less atherogenic large LDL. The lipid profile did not consistently change after treatment up to 3 mo after surgery. Periodontal disease severity was associated with LDL levels and size. The IL6 haplotypes were associated with total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL subclasses after adjusting for confounders. IL‐6 circulating levels were associated with both very‐low‐density lipoprotein and lipid hydroperoxide levels.ConclusionBased on these data, we conclude that both periodontal disease severity and IL6 haplotypes may influence lipid profiles in AgP.
Effect of Rheological Properties on Sensory Acceptance of Two‐Model Dysphagia‐Oriented Food Products
Authors: Zargaraan Azizollaah , Saghafi Zahra , Hasandokht Firouz Mahtab , Fadavi Ghasem , Ghorbani Gorji Sara , Mohammadifar Mohammad Amin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper aimed to investigate the effect of rheological properties on the sensory acceptance of two (Ferni and cocoa drink) model dysphagia‐oriented food products. The results showed that the cocoa drink with the highest viscosity had the maximum score in overall liking and ease of swallowing. Among the Ferni samples, the one with minimum viscosity had the highest score in overall liking and ease of swallowing. A negative correlation ratio was found between n (flow behavior index in power law model), n′ (viscoelastic nature of sample) and hysteresis area and ease of swallowing in the cocoa drink. The three mentioned parameters showed a positive correlation ratio with the ease of swallowing scores for the Ferni samples. These results recommended that, in nectar‐like products, higher viscosities might lead to ease of swallowing, but in the spoon‐thick category, higher viscosities did not necessarily result in the increased ease of swallowing.Practical ApplicationsMost studies in the field of rheology–dysphagia have been only focused on the rheological experiments of dysphagia‐oriented food products (DOFPs) and do not deal with the sensory acceptance of these products. Moreover, developing clinically relevant criteria for classifying DOFPs is helpful for both food rheologists and healthcare teams. The present study provided additional evidence for the inadequacy of current classification strategies for DOFPs.
Accessory and opaque minerals in impact melt rocks of the Boltysh structure, Ukraine
Authors: Gurov E. P. , Shekhunova S. B. , Permyakov V. V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractElectron microprobe analyses of accessory and opaque minerals from the impact melt rocks of the Boltysh structure, in the central part of the Ukrainian Shield, are presented in this report. Our study establishes a variety of minerals represented by native metals, alloys, oxides, sulfides, phosphates, and silicates, formed during several stages of cooling and solidification of the thick impact melt sheet. Baddeleyite was determined to be the earliest high‐temperature mineral to occur in the impact melt rocks. Iron and titanium oxides crystallized earlier or simultaneously with the microliths of orthopyroxene and feldspars. High concentrations of TiO2, Al2O3, and Cr2O3 were identified in some hematite varieties. Cu‐ and Ni‐bearing pyrrhotites occur in impact melt rocks with a glassy matrix. Native metals—copper, platinum, and silver—were likely formed due to the hydrothermal alteration of the upper unit of the impact melt sheet. Zircon is the only accessory mineral found in impact melt rocks that is preserved from the basement granites of the Boltysh structure.
Different polyamine pathways from bacteria have replaced eukaryotic spermidine biosynthesis in ciliates Tetrahymena thermophila and Paramecium tetaurelia
Authors: Li Bin , Kim Sok Ho , Zhang Yang , Hanfrey Colin C. , Elliott Katherine A. , Ealick Steven E. , Michael Anthony J. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe polyamine spermidine is absolutely required for growth and cell proliferation in eukaryotes, due to its role in post‐translational modification of essential translation elongation factor eIF5A, mediated by deoxyhypusine synthase. We have found that free‐living ciliates Tetrahymena and Paramecium lost the eukaryotic genes encoding spermidine biosynthesis: S‐adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) and spermidine synthase (SpdSyn). In Tetrahymena, they were replaced by a gene encoding a fusion protein of bacterial AdoMetDC and SpdSyn, present as three copies. In Paramecium, a bacterial homospermidine synthase replaced the eukaryotic genes. Individual AdoMetDC–SpdSyn fusion protein paralogues from Tetrahymena exhibit undetectable AdoMetDC activity; however, when two paralogous fusion proteins are mixed, AdoMetDC activity is restored and spermidine is synthesized. Structural modelling indicates a functional active site is reconstituted by sharing critical residues from two defective protomers across the heteromer interface. Paramecium was found to accumulate homospermidine, suggesting it replaces spermidine for growth. To test this concept, a budding yeast spermidine auxotrophic strain was found to grow almost normally with homospermidine instead of spermidine. Biosynthesis of spermidine analogue aminopropylcadaverine, but not exogenously provided norspermidine, correlated with some growth. Finally, we found that diverse single‐celled eukaryotic parasites and multicellular metazoan Schistosoma worms have lost the spermidine biosynthetic pathway but retain deoxyhypusine synthase.
Modelling non‐steady‐state isotope enrichment of leaf water in a gas‐exchange cuvette environment
Authors: Song Xin , Simonin Kevin A. , Loucos Karen E. , Barbour Margaret M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe combined use of a gas‐exchange system and laser‐based isotope measurement is a tool of growing interest in plant ecophysiological studies, owing to its relevance for assessing isotopic variability in leaf water and/or transpiration under non‐steady‐state (NSS) conditions. However, the current Farquhar & Cernusak (F&C) NSS leaf water model, originally developed for open‐field scenarios, is unsuited for use in a gas‐exchange cuvette environment where isotope composition of water vapour (δv) is intrinsically linked to that of transpiration (δE). Here, we modified the F&C model to make it directly compatible with the δv–δE dynamic characteristic of a typical cuvette setting. The resultant new model suggests a role of ‘net‐flux’ (rather than ‘gross‐flux’ as suggested by the original F&C model)‐based leaf water turnover rate in controlling the time constant (τ) for the approach to steady sate. The validity of the new model was subsequently confirmed in a cuvette experiment involving cotton leaves, for which we demonstrated close agreement between τ values predicted from the model and those measured from NSS variations in isotope enrichment of transpiration. Hence, we recommend that our new model be incorporated into future isotope studies involving a cuvette condition where the transpiration flux directly influences δv.There is an increasing popularity among plant ecophysiologists to use a gas‐exchange system coupled to laser‐based isotope measurement for investigating non‐steady state (NSS) isotopic variability in leaf water (and/or transpiration); however, the current Farquhar & Cernusak (F&C) NSS leaf water model is unsuited for use in a gas‐exchange cuvette environment due to its implicit assumption of isotope composition of water vapor (δv) being constant and independent of that of transpiration (δE). In the present study, we modified the F&C model to make it compatible with the dynamic relationship between δv and δE as is typically associated with a cuvette setting. Using an experiment conducted on cotton leaves, we show that the modified NSS model performed well in predicting the time constant for the exponential approach of leaf water toward steady state under cuvette conditions. Such a result demonstrates the applicability of this new model to gas‐exchange cuvette conditions where the transpiration flux directly influences δv, and therefore suggests the need to incorporate this model into future isotope studies that employ a laser‐cuvette coupled system.
Renal transplantation experience in a patient with factor V Leiden homozygous, MTHFR C677T heterozygous, and PAI heterozygous mutation
Authors: Gülhan Bora , Tavil Betül , Gümrük Fatma , Aki Tuncay F. , Topaloglu Rezan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractVascular complications are important causes of allograft loss in renal transplantation. A two and a half‐month‐old boy was diagnosed with posterior urethral valve and progressed to end‐stage renal disease at eight yr of age. During the HD period, a central venous catheter was replaced three times for repeated thrombosis. The boy was found to be homozygous for FVL and heterozygous for both MTHFR (C677T) and PAI. At the age of 12, renal transplantation was performed from a deceased donor. Postoperative anticoagulation therapy was initiated with continuous intravenous administration of heparin at the dose of 10 IU/kg/h. HD was performed for the first three days. By the fourth day of transplantation, his urine output had increased gradually. Heparin infusion was continued for 18 days during hospitalization at the same dosage. Thereafter, he was discharged with LMWH. On the third month after transplantation, his serum creatinine level was 1.1 mg/dL and eGFR was 75.7 mL/min/1.73 m2. He has still been using LMWH, and his eGFR was 78.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 eight months after transplantation. Postoperative low‐dose heparin treatment is a safe strategy for managing a patient with multiple thrombotic risk factors.
The Effect of Seasonal Thermal Stress on Lipid Mobilisation, Antioxidant Status and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows
Authors: Turk R , Podpečan O , Mrkun J , Flegar‐Meštrić Z , Perkov S , Zrimšek P 
Published: May 2015

ContentsHeat stress is a major factor contributing to low fertility of dairy cows with a great economic impact in dairy industry. Heat‐stressed dairy cows usually have reduced nutrient intake, resulting in a higher degree of negative energy balance (NEB). The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal thermal effect on lipid metabolism, antioxidant activity and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Thirty‐two healthy dairy heifers were included in the study. According to the ambient temperature, animals were divided into two groups: winter (N = 14) and summer season (N = 18). Metabolic parameters, paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) were monitored at the time of insemination (basal values) and from 1 week before until 8 weeks after calving. Number of services per conception and calving‐to‐conception (CC) interval were calculated from the farm recording data. Serum triglyceride, non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations were significantly increased after calving in summer compared to winter, indicating higher degree of NEB in cows during summer. PON1 activity was significantly decreased after calving in both summer and winter group. TAS concentration was significantly lower in summer than that in winter. A significantly higher number of services were needed for conception in summer compared to winter, and CC interval was significantly longer in summer than that in winter as well. Additionally, reproductive performance significantly correlated with the severity of NEB, suggesting that lipid mobilization and lower antioxidant status contributed to poor reproduction ability in dairy cows during hot months.
Hypothesis Testing for Automated Community Detection in Networks
Authors: Bickel Peter J. , Sarkar Purnamrita 
Published: May 2015

Summary
Community detection in networks is a key exploratory tool with applications in a diverse set of areas, ranging from finding communities in social and biological networks to identifying link farms in the World Wide Web. The problem of finding communities or clusters in a network has received much attention from statistics, physics and computer science. However, most clustering algorithms assume knowledge of the number of clusters k. We propose to determine k automatically in a graph generated from a stochastic block model by using a hypothesis test of independent interest. Our main contribution is twofold; first, we theoretically establish the limiting distribution of the principal eigenvalue of the suitably centred and scaled adjacency matrix and use that distribution for our test of the hypothesis that a random graph is of Erdős–Rényi (noise) type. Secondly, we use this test to design a recursive bipartitioning algorithm, which naturally uncovers nested community structure. Using simulations and quantifiable classification tasks on real world networks with ground truth, we show that our algorithm outperforms state of the art methods.
Simulation of Multivariate Diffusion Bridges
Authors: Bladt Mogens , Finch Samuel , Sørensen Michael 
Published: May 2015

Summary
We propose simple methods for multivariate diffusion bridge simulation, which plays a fundamental role in simulation-based likelihood and Bayesian inference for stochastic differential equations. By a novel application of classical coupling methods, the new approach generalizes a previously proposed simulation method for one-dimensional bridges to the multivariate setting. First a method of simulating approximate, but often very accurate, diffusion bridges is proposed. These approximate bridges are used as proposals for easily implementable Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms that, apart from a small discretization error, produce exact diffusion bridges. The new method is more generally applicable than previous methods. Another advantage is that the new method works well for diffusion bridges in long intervals because the computational complexity of the method is linear in the length of the interval. In a simulation study the new method performs well, and its usefulness is illustrated by an application to Bayesian estimation for the multivariate hyperbolic diffusion model.
On the Coverage Bound Problem of Empirical Likelihood Methods for Time Series
Authors: Zhang Xianyang , Shao Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2015

Summary
The upper bounds on the coverage probabilities of the confidence regions based on blockwise empirical likelihood and non-standard expansive empirical likelihood methods for time series data are investigated via studying the probability of violating the convex hull constraint. The large sample bounds are derived on the basis of the pivotal limit of the blockwise empirical log-likelihood ratio obtained under fixed b asymptotics, which has recently been shown to provide a more accurate approximation to the finite sample distribution than the conventional χ2-approximation. Our theoretical and numerical findings suggest that both the finite sample and the large sample upper bounds for coverage probabilities are strictly less than 1 and the blockwise empirical likelihood confidence region can exhibit serious undercoverage when the dimension of moment conditions is moderate or large, the time series dependence is positively strong or the block size is large relative to the sample size. A similar finite sample coverage problem occurs for non-standard expansive empirical likelihood. To alleviate the coverage bound problem, we propose to penalize both empirical likelihood methods by relaxing the convex hull constraint. Numerical simulations and data illustrations demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed remedies in terms of delivering confidence sets with more accurate coverage. Some technical details and additional simulation results are included in on-line supplemental material.