bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the differential expression of serum microRNA in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ding Linchao , Ai Dongdong , Wu Ruihao , Zhang Tao , Jing Li , Lu Jianxin , Zhong Lianjin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The identification of disease-specific alterations in miRNA expression and the ability to detect miRNAs in serum furnish the basis for identified potential research value. This study was aimed to characterize the expression of miRNAs in the serum samples from people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy individuals in order to detect the differential expression of miRNAs in T2DM. In total, 582 participants were recruited. Microarray-based miRNA expression profiles were screened in pooled serum samples from two groups (T2DM and healthy control). The candidates’ miRNAs were validated by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Five significantly different serum miRNAs were identified in T2DM patients (hsa-miR-320d, hsa-miR-4534, hsa-miR-3960, hsa-miR-451a, and hsa-miR-572) compared to those in the serum of healthy controls. This study provided evidence that serum miRNAs had differential expressions between healthy controls and T2DM patients. These five differential expression miRNAs might be of help for subsequent study in T2DM.
On the Breiman conjecture
Authors: Kevei Péter , Mason David 
Published: November 2015

Let

Y

1

,

Y

2

,
…

Y_{1},Y_{2},\ldots

be positive, nondegenerate, i.i.d.

G
G

random variables, and independently let

X

1

,

X

2

,
…

X_{1},X_{2},\ldots

be i.i.d.

F
F

random variables. In this note we show that for

F
∈

F

F\in \mathcal {F}

in a specified class of distributions

F

\mathcal {F}

, whenever

∑

X

i

Y

i

/

∑

Y

i

\sum X_{i}Y_{i}/\sum Y_{i}

converges in distribution to a nondegenerate limit then G necessarily belongs to the domain of attraction of a stable law with index less than 1. The class

F

\mathcal {F}

contains those nondegenerate

X
X

with a finite second moment and those

X
X

in the domain of attraction of a stable law with index

1
>
α
>
2

1>\alpha >2

.
Trends in biomedical informatics: automated topic analysis of
JAMIA
articles
Authors: Han Dong , Wang Shuang , Jiang Chao , Jiang Xiaoqian , Kim Hyeon-Eui , Sun Jimeng , Ohno-Machado Lucila 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Biomedical Informatics is a growing interdisciplinary field in which research topics and citation trends have been evolving rapidly in recent years. To analyze these data in a fast, reproducible manner, automation of certain processes is needed. JAMIA is a “generalist” journal for biomedical informatics. Its articles reflect the wide range of topics in informatics. In this study, we retrieved Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and citations of JAMIA articles published between 2009 and 2014. We use tensors (i.e., multidimensional arrays) to represent the interaction among topics, time and citations, and applied tensor decomposition to automate the analysis. The trends represented by tensors were then carefully interpreted and the results were compared with previous findings based on manual topic analysis. A list of most cited JAMIA articles, their topics, and publication trends over recent years is presented. The analyses confirmed previous studies and showed that, from 2012 to 2014, the number of articles related to MeSH terms Methods , Organization & Administration , and Algorithms increased significantly both in number of publications and citations. Citation trends varied widely by topic, with Natural Language Processing having a large number of citations in particular years, and Medical Record Systems, Computerized remaining a very popular topic in all years.
Iron emission line from the spiral galaxy M 101
Authors: Yamauchi Shigeo 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Archival Suzaku data of the face-on spiral galaxy M 101 were analyzed. An intense emission line at 6.72$^{+0.10}_{-0.12}\:$keV was detected in the central region. This line is identified with a K-line from He-like iron, which indicates the existence of a thin thermal plasma with a temperature of several keV. The iron line luminosity within the central 5′-radius region is estimated to be (2–12) × 1037 erg s−1. The origin of the iron emission line is discussed.
Increasing Resident Diversity in an Emergency Medicine Residency Program: A Pilot Intervention With Three Principal Strategies
Authors: Tunson Java , Boatright Dowin , Oberfoell Stephanie , Bakes Katherine , Angerhofer Christy , Lowenstein Steven , Zane Richard , King Renee , Druck Jeffrey 
Published: November 2015

Problem
Much work remains to be done to align the diversity of the health care workforce with the changing racial and ethnic backgrounds of patients, especially in the field of emergency medicine.

Approach
In academic year (AY) 2012–2013, to increase the number of underrepresented minority (URM) candidates who were interviewed and matched, the Denver Health Residency in Emergency Medicine program (DHREM) initiated a focused pilot intervention with three principal strategies: (1) a scholarship-based externship program, (2) a funded second-look event, and (3) increased involvement and visibility of URM faculty in the interview and recruitment process.

Outcomes
One year after implementation of the pilot intervention, the percentage of URMs among all applicants invited to interview at the DHREM doubled (7.1% [20/282] in AY 2011–2012, 7.0% [24/344] in AY 2012–2013, and 14.8% [58/393] in AY 2013–2014) (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5–10, 4–11, and 11–19, respectively). Of all DHREM interviewees in AY 2013–2014, 17.6% (49/279) (95% CI = 12–23) were URMs, nearly a threefold increase from AY 2012–2013 (6.2% [14/226], 95% CI = 3–10). In AY 2013–2014, 23.5% (4/17) (95% CI = 7–50) of all new DHREM residents were URMs, compared with 5.9% (1/17) in AY 2011–2012 and 5.6% (1/18) in AY 2012–2013 (95% CI = 0–29 and 0–27, respectively).

Next Steps
Additional studies are needed to determine whether these results are sustainable and generalizable to other residency programs in emergency medicine and other specialties.
Pediatric Erythema Multiforme in the Emergency Department
Authors: Read Jazlyn , Keijzers Gerben B. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives
Erythema multiforme (EM) is characterized by symmetrical acrally distributed target lesions; however, other conditions can mimic the clinical features of EM. Although it is typically self-limiting, alternative diagnoses may be life-threatening and require immediate identification and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the clinical spectrum and accuracy of diagnosis of pediatric EM in the emergency department (ED).

Methods
A retrospective, descriptive study of all pediatric patients with an ED information system diagnosis of EM at 2 EDs in Southeast Queensland between January 2010 and July 2013. Cases were evaluated using previously established EM classification criteria.

Results
Seventy patients (34 males and 36 females) with a diagnosis of EM were identified. From 57 cases where a diagnosis could be established, 9 cases fulfilled the classification criteria for EM. No patients had mucosal involvement, and therefore, all 9 cases were classified as EM minor, with the majority (89%) attributed to viral infection. Of the 48 cases that did not fit the criteria, the most common condition misdiagnosed as EM was urticaria multiforme (n = 20).

Conclusions
In the ED setting, EM in children is frequently misdiagnosed. Greater awareness of diagnostic factors for EM may improve diagnostic accuracy. Teledermatology and incentives to include clinical pictures in the (electronic) medical record may be useful adjuncts for patients with suspected EM and other dermatological conditions.
A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding Community Participation in Community Health Needs Assessments
Authors: Pennel Cara L. , McLeroy Kenneth R. , Burdine James N. , Matarrita-Cascante David , Wang Jia 
Published: November 2015

Context:
Nonprofit hospitals are exempt from paying taxes. To maintain this status, they must provide benefit to the community they serve. In an attempt to improve accountability to these communities and the federal government, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 includes a provision that requires all nonprofit hospitals to conduct a community health needs assessment (CHNA) and implement strategies to address identified health priorities every 3 years. This Act's provision, operationalized by a regulation developed and enforced by the Internal Revenue Service, mandates the involvement of public health agencies and other community stakeholders in the completion of the CHNA.

Objective:
To better understand community participation in nonprofit hospital–directed community health assessment and health improvement planning activities.

Design:
Using a 2-phased, mixed-methods study design, we (1) conducted content analysis of 95 CHNA/implementation plan reports and (2) interviewed hospital and health system key informants, consultants, and community stakeholders involved in CHNA and planning processes. Community participation was assessed in terms of types of stakeholders involved and the depth of their involvement.

Results:
Our findings suggest that many hospitals engaged and involved community stakeholders in certain aspects of the assessment process, but very few engaged a broad array of community stakeholder and community members in meaningful participation throughout the CHNA and health improvement planning process. Vast improvements in community participation and collaborative assessment and planning can be made in future CHNAs.

Conclusions:
On the basis of the findings, recommendations are made for further research. Practice implications include expanding community engagement and participation by stakeholder and activity type and using a common community health improvement model that better aligns hospital CHNA processes and implementation strategies with other organizations and agencies.
A multi-trait meta-analysis with imputed sequence variants reveals twelve QTL for mammary gland morphology in Fleckvieh cattle
Authors: Pausch Hubert , Emmerling Reiner , Schwarzenbacher Hermann , Fries Ruedi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe availability of whole-genome sequence data from key ancestors provides an exhaustive catalogue of polymorphic sites segregating within and across cattle breeds. Sequence variants from key ancestors can be imputed in animals that have been genotyped using medium- and high-density genotyping arrays. Association analysis with imputed sequences, particularly if applied to multiple traits simultaneously, is a very powerful approach to revealing candidate causal variants underlying complex phenotypes.ResultsWe used whole-genome sequence data from 157 key ancestors of the German Fleckvieh population to impute 20 561 798 sequence variants in 10 363 animals that had (partly imputed) array-derived genotypes at 634 109 SNP. The imputed sequence data were enriched for rare variants. Association studies with imputed sequence variants were performed using seven correlated udder conformation traits as response variables. The calculation of an approximate multi-trait test statistic enabled us to detect twelve major QTL (P<2.97 × 10−9) controlling different aspects of mammary gland morphology. Imputed sequence variants were the most significantly associated at eleven QTL, whereas the top association signal at a QTL on BTA14 resulted from an array-derived variant. Seven QTL were associated with multiple phenotypes. Most QTL were located in non-coding regions of the genome in close neighborhood, however, to plausible candidate genes for mammary gland morphology (SP5, GC, NPFFR2, CRIM1, RXFP2, TBX5, RBM19, ADAM12).ConclusionsAssociation analysis with imputed sequence variants allows QTL characterization at maximum resolution. Multi-trait approaches can reveal QTL that are not detected in single-trait association studies. Most QTL for udder conformation traits were located in non-coding elements of the genome suggesting regulatory mutations to be the major determinants of variation in mammary gland morphology in cattle.
On the importance of being structured: instantaneous coalescence rates and a re-evaluation of human evolution
Authors: Olivier Mazet , Willy Rodríguez , Simona Grusea , Simon Boitard , Lounès Chikhi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMost species are structured and influenced by processes that either increased or reduced gene flow between populations. However, most population genetic inference methods ignore population structure and reconstruct a history characterized by population size changes under the assumption that species behave as panmictic units. This is potentially problematic since population structure can generate spurious signals of population size change. Moreover, when the model assumed for demographic inference is misspecified, genomic data will likely increase the precision of misleading if not meaningless parameters. In a context of model uncertainty (panmixiaversusstructure) genomic data may thus not necessarily lead to improved statistical inference.We consider two haploid genomes and develop a theory which explains why any demographic model (with or without population size changes) will necessarily be interpreted as a series of changes in population size by inference methods ignoring structure. We introduce a new parameter, the IICR (inverse instantaneous coalescence rate), and show that it is equivalent to a population size only in panmictic models, and mostly misleading for structured models. We argue that this general issue affects all population genetics methods ignoring population structure. We take the PSMC method as an example and show that it infers population size changes that never took place. We apply our approach to human genomic data and find a reduction in gene flow at the start of the Pleistocene, a major increase throughout the Middle-Pleistocene, and an abrupt disconnection preceding the emergence of modern humans.
An English perspective on policy for adults with autism
Authors: McCarthy Jane , Chaplin Eddie , Underwood Lisa 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of English policy and legislation which impacts on the health outcomes and social inclusion for adults with autism.

Design/methodology/approach
– A descriptive review of national policy for England was undertaken using key internet search engines such as Google.

Findings
– In spite of innovative legislation and policy relating to autism across England, there are still wide discrepancies in both service models and provision relating to autism. More work is required to communicate what autism services should look like along with greater awareness training for professionals working with adults with autism to ensure reasonable adjustments are occurring across public services.

Originality/value
– This paper outlines current key policy and legislation in England relating to autism.
Efficiency of heterogeneity measures: an asset pricing perspective
Authors: Qin Lu , Zhu Hongquan 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify the effective measures for heterogeneity and to uncover the relationship between investor heterogeneity and stock returns.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper employs dispersion in analysts’ earnings forecasts and unexpected trading volume as proxies of heterogeneity. Portfolio strategies and Fama-Macbeth regression are used to uncover the relationship between the two proxies and stock returns in the Chinese A-share market.

Findings
– The result indicates that stock returns are significantly related to unexpected trading volume, i.e., higher unexpected trading volume implies higher stock returns now but lower future stock returns. In contrast, there is no statistically significant relationship between analysts’ forecast dispersion and stock returns.

Originality/value
– The findings suggest that unexplained trading volume is an effective measure for investor heterogeneity in the Chinese A-share market.
Fitting and forecasting of nonlinear Taylor rule in China
Authors: Wu Guobing , Zhang Hao , Chen Ping 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– In this paper, six forms of non-linear Taylor rule have been applied to compare the fitting and prediction of response function of monetary policy of China, in an attempt to figure out a form of non-linear Taylor rule that accords with Chinese practices. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach– In this paper, the authors will conduct in-sample fitting and out-of-sample prediction on the response function of monetary policy of China by introducing the factor of exchange rate and by applying forward-looking, backward-looking and within-quarters non-linear Taylor rule with data from the first quarter of 1994 to the second quarter of 2011, with a view to provide reference for formulation and implementation of monetary policies of China.Findings– By analyzing the experimental data, the authors find that first, after introducing the factor of exchange rate, both the implementation effect and prediction ability of the monetary policies improve. Exchange rate has a relatively greater influence on the effect of the monetary policies during low inflation period. Introduction of exchange rate can improve the prediction accuracy of our monetary policies significantly. Second, as the implementation effect of monetary policy under different macro-background varies greatly, the situation should be correctly appraised when formulating and implementing monetary policies. According to the empirical results, the monetary policies have obvious non-linear characteristics, and transit smoothly with the change of inflation rate. On the two sides of inflation rate of 2.174 percent, there is an asymmetry response.Research limitations/implications– Surely, the conclusions are reached on the basis of quarterly data and one-step prediction method. It is no doubt that use of frequency mixing data including quarterly and monthly data will provide more sample information for studying relevant issues. And the use of multiple-step prediction method may cause a dynamic change of prediction indicators of models, which will help choose more appropriate prediction models. That is what the authors will study next.Originality/value– First, by introducing exchange rate, this paper will extend non-linear Taylor rules and test its applicability and fitting effect in China. Second, figure out a non-linear Taylor rule that conforms to Chinese practices with data. In this paper, multiple forms of non-linear Taylor rules and actual macro date will be adopted for fitting and finding out a non-linear Taylor rule that fits Chinese practices. Third, empirical basis will be provided for further perfecting monetary policies prediction models. As there are few studies in connection with the prediction accuracy of non-linear Taylor rules so far, this paper will compare and study the prediction accuracy of non-linear Taylor rules by utilizing multiple advanced prediction techniques, so as to offer a beneficial thinking for predicting and formulating monetary policies by the central bank.
Testing the revisited Uppsala model: does insidership improve international performance?
Authors: Almodóvar Paloma , Rugman Alan M 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse insidership vs outsidership, enriching the revisited Uppsala model with the resource-based view, transaction cost economics and internalisation theory. The authors also address empirical gaps affecting the role of dyadic business relationships (BRs) (customers/suppliers/research institutions/competitors) and business networks and their effect on international performance. Finally, the authors research whether insiders’ firm-specific advantages have a stronger effect on international performance than outsiders’.Design/methodology/approach– The authors work with an unbalanced panel data set of 14,231 firm-observations (period: 2000-2010). First, the author use ANOVA models (with pooled and panel data) in order to test the Uppsala basics. Second, the authors refine the research through dynamic Tobit models.Findings– The authors find that insiders perform significantly better than outsiders. When analysing the impact on international performance, the authors confirm that not only do dyadic BRs with customers or suppliers have a positive effect, but so do BRs with research institutions; however, business networks with customers and suppliers have a negative impact. Finally, when testing interactions, the results point at technological skills as an alternative means to overcome the liability of outsidership.Originality/value– Prior studies on this topic have been broadly focused on testing the original Uppsala (1977) model. However, the authors advance it by reconciling the revisited Uppsala (2009) model with the main international business theories as well as testing and refining its content in line with Johanson and Vahlne’s guidelines.
Enhancing market exchanges at the base of the pyramid
Authors: Nakata Cheryl , Antalis Erin 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The base of the pyramid (BOP) is characterized by deep and wide poverty, which dampens market exchanges, or making/selling and buying/consuming activities. The purpose of this paper is to address the specific issue of how national culture distinguishes BOP markets in terms of exchange activities, and the broad issue of how market exchanges can grow and flourish by accounting for comparative differences across BOP markets.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study design is a conceptual framework drawn from the extant BOP literature and several theories such as Amartya Sen’s theory on poverty, and Anthony Bebbington’s concepts of human capital. The framework specifies research propositions for future empirical examination.

Findings
– The conceptual framework proposes that BOP poverty lowers or inhibits market exchanges but is countered by several factors: national culture (performance orientation), non-traditional assets (creative and social capitals), and transformative technologies (mobile telephony). Assuming these factors vary by BOP setting, greater performance orientation alongside higher social capital, creative capital, and mobile telephony directly and/or interactively increase market exchange activities.

Research limitations/implications
– Among research implications are the application of other culture theories to the BOP market exchange issue, and the need to examine the role of government and other non-traditional capitals in exchanges.

Practical implications
– Managerial implications include the targeting and selection of BOP markets and development of marketing tactics that leverage cultural, nontraditional, and technological assets.

Originality/value
– This paper explores how to counter the negative effects of BOP poverty on market exchanges by leveraging the distinctives and variations among BOP markets.
Informality and macroeconomic volatility: do credit constraints matter?
Authors: Granda Carvajal Catalina 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the implications of borrowing constraints characterizing the informal sector for macroeconomic volatility.Design/methodology/approach– To this end, the author develops a simple dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model wherein registered activity not only is the basis to determine tax liabilities, but also serves as collateral for securing debts. Such a framework allows for computational experiments to analyze the effect of informality on aggregate fluctuations.Findings– The experiments show that the credit-constrained informal sector does exert a significant influence on the cyclical volatility of consumption and investment.Originality/value– There are not many studies addressing the implications of informal economic activities for macroeconomic fluctuations. This paper contributes to the literature by developing a theoretical model showing that credit constraints characterizing these activities might play a non-negligible role in explaining the cyclical volatility of some important aggregates.