bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linguistic dimensions of the crimmigration regime: Language ideological working conditions in US Immigration Court
Authors: Rao Sonya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis essay uses an examination of communication in Los Angeles Immigration Court (2014–2017) to demonstrate how legal professionals’ beliefs about language foster and entrench underexplored linguistic dimensions of the US crimmigration regime. Scholars have shown that within courtroom interactions, legal ideas about language hold back the administration of justice in asylum proceedings, and language interpretation itself can perpetuate the administrative violence of these proceedings. I combine ethnographic courtroom observations and critical examination of internal agency policy to show how ideas about language, inherited from legal professional culture and training, aggregate into adverse working conditions, allowing for only a performance of procedure, and amplifying the US crimmigration system. Of particular interest are ideologies of a monoglot standard and national language imaginaries, referentialism and referential transparency, and decontextualization. Abolitionist logics and reform of legal education offer possible strategies for structural intervention.
The causal effect of atopic dermatitis on lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Peng , Wen Feng , Wu QiuJi , Zhang PengFei , Li Qiu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence has shown that atopic dermatitis (AD) may decrease lung cancer (LC) risk. However, the causality between the two diseases is inconsistent and controversial. Therefore, we explored the causal relationship between AD and different histological subtypes of LC by using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method.Materials and methodsWe conducted the MR study based on summary statistics from the genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of AD (10,788 cases and 30,047 controls) and LC (29,266 cases and 56,450 controls). Instrumental variables (IVs) were obtained after removing SNPs associated with potential confounders. We employed inverse‐variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger, and weighted median methods to pool estimates, and performed a comprehensive sensitivity analysis.ResultsThe results of the IVW method suggested that AD may decrease the risk of developing lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85‐0.97, P = 0.007). Moreover, no causality was identified between AD and overall LC (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91–1.01, P = 0.101), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.96–1.036, P = 0.324), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.82–1.10, P = 0.512). A comprehensive sensitivity test showed the robustness of our results.ConclusionThe present study indicates that AD may decrease the risk of LUAD in the European population, which needs additional investigations to identify the potential molecular mechanisms.
Human gut microbiota analysis of cystic fibrosis infants using metaproteomics
Authors: García-Durán C. , Saralegui C. , Romeu E. , Hernáez M. L. , Maruri A. , Bastón-Paz N. , Lamas A. , Vicente S. , Perez-Ruiz E. , Delgado I. , Luna-Paredes C. , Caballero J. D. , Zamora J. , Monteoliva L. , Del Campo R. , Gil C. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

We report a metaproteomic analysis of the gut microbiota of eight infants with cystic fibrosis, during the first year of life. This is the first study in this disease that uses metaproteomics to analyze stool samples from patients at such a young age.
Draft genome sequence of the Tremellomycetes yeast
Papiliotrema laurentii
5307AH, isolated from aircraft
Authors: Roman Victor A. , Haridas Sajeet , Hung Chia S. , Pangilinan Jasmyn , Lipzen Anna , Na Hyunsoo , Yan Mi , Ng Vivian , Grigoriev Igor V. , Biffinger Justin , Barlow Daniel , Kelley-Loughnane Nancy , Crookes-Goodson Wendy J. , Varaljay Vanessa A. , Stamps Blake W. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Papiliotrema laurentii
5307AH was isolated from an aircraft polymer-coated surface. The genome size is 19,510,785 bp with a G + C content of 56%. The genome harbors genes encoding oxygenases, cutinases, lipases, and enzymes for styrene degradation, all of which could play a critical role in survival on xenobiotic surfaces.
Complete genome sequence of the
Bacillus paralicheniformis
strain HAS-1
Authors: Can-Ubando Lorna Catalina , Ramírez-Durán Ninfa , Aranda Elisabet , Manzanares-Leal Gauddy Lizeth , Sánchez-Reyes Ayixon , Ángeles de Paz Gabriela , Isaac-Olivé Keila , Sandoval-Trujillo Horacio 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

We present the complete genome of the halotolerant strain
Bacillus paralicheniformis
HAS-1.
Draft
Turicibacter
sp. genome isolated from a spore-forming community in mice
Authors: Klag Kendra A. , Weis Allison M. , Stephens W. Zac , Round June L. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Turicibacter
is a common mammalian gut commensal; however, very few genomes have been sequenced, and little is understood regarding its importance for host health. Here, we add a complete
Turicibacter
sp. genome isolated from a spore-forming community in mice.
Complete genome sequence of
Bifidobacterium animalis
B01
Authors: Li Jiahao , Wu Xiuyun , Ding Bo , Xing Sheng 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Bifidobacterium
, a class of strictly anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, existed mainly in the gut of humans and many mammals. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Bifidobacterium animalis
B01, whose genome length is 1,935,423 bp with a GC content of 60.49%.
Silent threat of isolated sphenoid sinus tuberculosis resulting in blindness and ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Maniyankode Krishnamohan Goutham , Rajeeva Anshuli , Alexander Lobo Manuel 
Published: July 2024

A diabetic woman in her fifties presented with a sudden onset of failing vision and diplopia involving the right eye for two days, along with fever and headache. Radiological investigations revealed right sphenoid sinusitis along with inflammation around the right orbital apex and optic nerve. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery, with orbital and optic nerve decompression improved the ocular movements, but not the visual acuity. Histopathology was suggestive of a granulomatous inflammatory lesion, and high-resolution computed tommography (HRCT) of the thorax revealed lung lesions suggestive of an old tubercular infection, and antitubercular treatment (ATT) was then initiated.At the end of two months of ATT, there was complete resolution of ophthalmoplegia, relative afferent pupillary defect, direct and consensual light reflex however, failure of improvement in her visual acuity, indicated damage to the optic nerve.Extrapulmonary tuberculosis involving an isolated sphenoid sinus is rare and elusive. Prompt radiological investigations, followed by orbital decompression and ATT, provide the best possible outcomes.
Association between ultra-processed food consumption, sociodemographic characteristics, malnutrition and obesity among urban school-aged children in Lilongwe, Malawi: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kamanga Patricia , Zhang Bo , Kaphera Samson , Mwale Senzya , Koroma Mark Momoh 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThe escalating consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) among school-aged children in developing countries poses a significant threat to public health, contributing to the dual burden of malnutrition. In Malawi, where undernutrition coexists with a burgeoning obesity epidemic, understanding the determinants of UPF consumption and its impact on children’s nutritional status is imperative. This study, conducted in Lilongwe, Malawi, aimed to investigate the association between UPF consumption, sociodemographic factors and the nutritional status of school-aged children.Materials and methods511 children aged 7–14 were recruited from 2 densely populated townships using systematic random sampling. Data on sociodemographic factors, UPF consumption and nutritional status were collected through face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measurements. UPF consumption was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire while multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyse associations.ResultsResults revealed alarmingly high UPF consumption among children, particularly those high in sugar. Multinomial logistic regression identified significant predictors of malnutrition outcomes. Notably, children consuming UPFs more than three times a week were more likely to be malnourished. Overweight status was positively associated with sausage intake (β=0.226, adjusted OR 1.254, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.566, p=0.046) and age (β=0.020, adjusted OR=0.257, 95% CI 0.156 to 0.28, p=0.003). Conversely, underweight status was linked with residential location (β=4.507, adjusted OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.000 to 0.281, p=0.006) and fizzy drinks (β=1.071, adjusted OR 2.919, 95% CI 1.413 to 6.028, p=0.004).ConclusionThe high prevalence of UPF consumption among school-aged children is significantly associated with malnutrition. Moreover, sociodemographic factors influence UPF consumption, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to reduce malnutrition. These findings may inform public health policies to mitigate malnutrition among children in Malawi’s urban communities.
Exploring decision-makers’ challenges and strategies when selecting multiple systematic reviews: insights for AI decision support tools in healthcare
Authors: Lunny Carole , Whitelaw Sera , Reid Emma K , Chi Yuan , Ferri Nicola , Zhang Jia He (Janet) , Pieper Dawid , Kanji Salmaan , Veroniki Areti-Angeliki , Shea Beverley , Dourka Jasmeen , Ardern Clare , Pham Ba , Bagheri Ebrahim , Tricco Andrea C 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundSystematic reviews (SRs) are being published at an accelerated rate. Decision-makers may struggle with comparing and choosing between multiple SRs on the same topic. We aimed to understand how healthcare decision-makers (eg, practitioners, policymakers, researchers) use SRs to inform decision-making and to explore the potential role of a proposed artificial intelligence (AI) tool to assist in critical appraisal and choosing among SRs.MethodsWe developed a survey with 21 open and closed questions. We followed a knowledge translation plan to disseminate the survey through social media and professional networks.ResultsOur survey response rate was lower than expected (7.9% of distributed emails). Of the 684 respondents, 58.2% identified as researchers, 37.1% as practitioners, 19.2% as students and 13.5% as policymakers. Respondents frequently sought out SRs (97.1%) as a source of evidence to inform decision-making. They frequently (97.9%) found more than one SR on a given topic of interest to them. Just over half (50.8%) struggled to choose the most trustworthy SR among multiple. These difficulties related to lack of time (55.2%), or difficulties comparing due to varying methodological quality of SRs (54.2%), differences in results and conclusions (49.7%) or variation in the included studies (44.6%). Respondents compared SRs based on the relevance to their question of interest, methodological quality, and recency of the SR search. Most respondents (87.0%) were interested in an AI tool to help appraise and compare SRs.ConclusionsGiven the identified barriers of using SR evidence, an AI tool to facilitate comparison of the relevance of SRs, the search and methodological quality, could help users efficiently choose among SRs and make healthcare decisions.
Efficacy of soothing cream gel in the range of motion and chronic pain at the shoulder and elbow: protocol of a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Lo Cho Wing , Sum Kim Wai Raymond , Leung Fung Lin Elean , Yang Yijian , Chan Kam Leung , Lam Koon Kit , Lau Kam Wai , Sum Chi Him , Lin Wai Ling , Ho Shing Hin , Lin Zhi-Xiu 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionUpper limb problems have a significant impact on the global population leading to pain and restricted joint mobility, ultimately impacting their quality of life. Traditional treatments, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids, often come with undesirable side effects, prompting patients to seek alternative therapies. In this trial, we hypothesise that soothing cream gel (SCG) will improve range of motion and chronic pain in the shoulder and elbow. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy of SCG in improving the range of motion and chronic pain in the shoulder and elbow.Methods and analysisA double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial is conducted to compare the effects of SCG and placebo gel. SCG containsVitis viniferaessence,Melaleuca viridifloraessential oil, etc, and is manufactured according to Good Manufacturing Practice standards. The placebo gel will be processed with similar appearance, texture and scent but will lack active ingredients. 70 participants with upper limb problems will be recruited from four study sites, including clinical centres and a sport department at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK). Participants will be randomly assigned to either treatment group or placebo group for 2 weeks. Primary outcome will be the range of motion in the upper limb, assessed by a goniometer, to measure active flexion and abduction for the shoulder, and active flexion and extension for the elbow. The primary efficacy analyses will be based on the full analysis set following the intention-to-treat principle.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has obtained approval from the joint CUHK–New Territories East Cluster (CRE-2023.142), and the patient enrolment commenced in July 2023. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to participation. Study results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conference.Trial registration numberNCT05799391.
Experiences of healthcare workers who faced physical workplace violence from patients or their relatives in Nepal: a qualitative study
Authors: Adhikari Mukesh , Timalsena Dinesh , Chaudhary Kalpana 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionWorkplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs) has become a global concern. Our aim was to investigate the firsthand experience of HCWs who faced physical WPV from patients or their relatives in Nepal and to identify the factors that contribute to WPV, its consequences, as well as recommendations from HCWs on preventing and managing WPV in healthcare settings.MethodsWe conducted semistructured in-depth interviews of 12 HCWs who faced physical WPV from patients or their relatives in the last 2 years in Nepal. We recruited participants by announcing volunteer participation on social media and reaching out to HCWs who had experienced WPV through a review of national news archives. All interviews were conducted between September and November 2022. We analysed the data using a hybrid thematic analysis.ResultsMost participants were male (9/12). The average age of participants was 31.6 years with an average experience of 8.3 years. We generated three domains: (1) factors contributing to WPV, (2) response to WPV and (3) recommendations. Within these three domains, we identified a total of nine themes: two themes (proximal and distal factors) under domain 1, four themes (personal response, hospital administration response, police response and other responses) under domain 2 and three themes (recommendations at personal, organisational and policy level) under domain 3. We found that physical WPV against HCWs is multifactorial. Most HCWs did not receive expected support from hospital and police administration. They had a wide range of recommendations at personal, organisational and policy level. The most important recommendation was to ensure safety and security of HCWs.ConclusionsThis qualitative study showed that experiences of HCWs who faced physical WPV in Nepal were traumatic. The concerned stakeholders should carefully consider the recommendations from HCWs to establish a safe, secure and supportive working environment.
Physical activity, physical fitness and cardiometabolic health among Finnish military workers
Authors: Pietiläinen Emilia , Parkkola K , Vasankari T , Santtila M , Luukkaala T , Kyröläinen H 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThe Western lifestyle challenges national defence. Inactivity, obesity, high BP and elevated lipid and glucose levels as well as tobacco use all increase cardiometabolic risk. The present study was thus aimed at investigating the health and physical activity of employees in a military environment, concentrating on comparisons between soldiers and civilians.Methods and designA total of 260 employees from 6 brigades were included in the present study. Health status was evaluated with body composition, cardiometabolic risk markers from laboratory samples and a questionnaire concerning lifestyle habits. Body composition was assessed by means of body mass, body mass index, fat percentage and waist circumference. Furthermore, physical activity was examined by the aid of accelerometer recordings for a 2-week period, and physical fitness via aerobic and muscle fitness tests. Finally, upper-quartile active and lower-quartile passive participants were compared, by incorporating mean daily step counts.ResultsWhen standardised by gender, there were no differences between the soldiers and civilians except for the muscle fitness test, in which soldiers performed better. The mean (±SD) moderate to vigorous activity was 0.9±0.3 hours/day in male soldiers and 1.0±0.4 hours/day in male civilians, and respectively sedentary behaviour was 9.5±1.4 hours/day in male soldiers and 8.9±1.7 hours/day in male civilians. The mean (±SD) low-density lipoprotein values were 3.28±0.84 mmol/L in male soldiers and 3.36±0.86 mmol/L in male civilians. In comparing soldiers and civilians, statistically significant differences were observed in body composition, physical fitness, insulin, fasting glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein values between the upper-quartile active and lower-quartile passive participants, but no difference in low-density lipoprotein values was noticed.ConclusionsSedentary behaviour and elevated low-density lipoprotein values seem to increase cardiometabolic disease risk among participants, even if they meet the weekly physical activity demands.
Global lepton flavour violating constraints on new physics
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Enrique , Marcano Xabier , Naredo-Tuero Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe perform a global analysis of the bounds from charged lepton flavour violating observables to new physics. We parametrize generic new physics through the effective field theory formalism and perform global fits beyond the common one-operator-at-a-time analyses to investigate how much present data is able to constrain the full parameter space. We particularly focus on leptonic and semileptonic operators with light quarks, identifying unbounded flat directions, detailing how many are present and which operators are involved. The analysis is performed in the general LEFT formalism, which contains all possible low-energy effective operators relevant for lepton flavour violation, as well as in more restricted scenarios, when operators come from a SMEFT completion. We find that flat directions play no role in the fully leptonic four-fermion operators. Conversely, they significantly hinder the ability to derive global bounds on semileptonic operators, with several flat or at least very poorly constrained directions preventing to fully constrain the parameter space. These results are particularly affected by the proper inclusion of uncertainties in the parameters describing $$\mu -e$$

μ
-
e

conversion, which decrease the number of well-constrained directions in operator space when treated as nuisance parameters in the fit. While present data is able to provide global constraints on all operators only in the more restricted scenarios we investigated, very strong correlations among the parameters must exist to avoid conflict with the different observables. We provide correlation matrices approximating our full results as a useful tool to compare present data with particular UV completions.
Scalar fields, localized structures and the Starobinsky model
Authors: Bazeia D. , Lima Elisama E. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work deals with the presence of localized static structures in the real line, described by relativistic real scalar fields in two spacetime dimensions. We consider models featuring both standard and modified kinematics, where we employ two intriguing potentials supporting defect solutions. The first potential can transform kink into compacton in the standard framework, while the second one is based on the inflationary Starobinsky model. Interesting possibilities unseen in previous investigations are described, in particular, for the case related to the Starobinsky potential. The addressed potentials are inserted into a broader framework, and so the extended models are described by a wider set of solutions. This investigation also reveals the presence of the twinlike behaviour for a specific compact configuration, which solves two distinct models.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research of Spatial Volume Distribution and Velocity Changes of Abrasive Suspension Jet Based on LES + VOF + DEM
Authors: Qiang Chiheng , Teng Wenxiang , Fei Shuhui , Shen Gang 
Published: July 2024

The machining accuracy and cutting ability of abrasive suspension jet (ASJ) are affected by the spatial volume distribution and velocity changes of jet flow and abrasives in the free jet area outside the nozzle. In this paper, large eddy simulation (LES) flow model, volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase flow model and discrete element model (DEM) were used to simulate the flow field characteristics of ASJ. The spatial volume distribution and velocity changes of jet flow and abrasives under 10[Formula: see text]MPa jet pressure were studied and the model validation experiments were carried out. In the comparison between the numerical simulation results and the experimental results, it was found that the average error of the percentage of central jet flow is 3.4%, the percentage of central abrasive particles is 3.0% and the velocity of abrasive particles is 4.2%. The physical structure of the numerical model is fixed (so it does not support abrasive injection jet (AIJ)), and the material physical parameters, initial conditions and boundary conditions are editable. Therefore, it can be used to predict the degree of water divergence, abrasives divergence and abrasives velocity attenuation of ASJ with different jet pressure and abrasive types. This numerical model can provide guidance for the parameter setting of ASJ machining process in order to obtain better machining accuracy and cutting ability.