bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of loading a choke‐circuit on the performance of a dual‐band antenna
Authors: Chang The‐Nan , Lin Jyun‐Ming 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe effect of loading a choke‐circuit on a dual‐band printed inverted‐F antenna is investigated. The choke‐circuit is an LC‐resonator where the inductance is realized by cutting a slot on the ground plane and the capacitance is realized by adding a strip above the ground plane. The total length of the printed circuit board is determined to maximize the return‐loss bandwidth of the lower‐band part of the antenna. By adding the choke‐circuit, the bore‐sight gain within a limited band on the higher‐band part can be increased. The frequency at which there is a maximum bore‐sight gain at the higher‐band part is tunable by the choke‐circuit. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:109–112, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27239
Dual‐polarized band‐stop FSS spatial filters using vicsek fractal geometry
Authors: da Silva M. R. , Nóbrega C. de L. , Silva P. H. da F. , D'Assunção A. G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article presents a fractal design methodology for frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) by printing a finite planar array of Vicsek fractal metallic patches on a single dielectric layer. Shapes presented by the Vicsek fractal as a function of the fractal parameters (level and scale factor) were exploited to design FSSs acting as dual‐polarized band‐stop spatial filters for incident plane waves. Transmission properties of these FSSs were analyzed and two FSS prototypes were built and measured to validate the fractal design methodology. The obtained results pointing to interesting FSS properties: a high frequency compression factor of 50.31% and stable resonance frequency at oblique incidence. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:31–34, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27242
A miniaturized bandpass filter implemented with substrate integrated coaxial line
Authors: Chu Peng , Hong Wei , Wu Ke , Chen Jixin , Tang Hongjun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article proposed a miniaturized bandpass filter implemented with the substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL).A four‐pole quasi‐elliptic SICL bandpass filter with two symmetric transmission zeros is designed, fabricated, and measured with a minimal size of 0.168 λ0 by 0.088 λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength of free space at the central operating frequency. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:131–133, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27249
Design of compact low‐pass filter with large reject band using open circuit stubs and two‐cascaded DGS quasitriangular resonators
Authors: Challal M. , Boutejdar A. , Azrar A. , Vanhoenacker‐Janvier D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article investigates a quasitriangular of defected ground structure (DGS) for low‐pass filters (LPFs) application. An equivalent RLC circuit model is presented and its corresponding parameters are as well extracted using the parametric relationships. The LPFs using the proposed DGS pattern combined with open stubs are designed and fabricated. The proposed LPF presents the advantages of small size, low insertion loss and ultrawide stopband with 20 dB attenuation from 4 GHz to >20 GHz. The simulated results obtained by equivalent circuit model and full‐wave electromagnet show good agreement with the measured ones. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:122–127, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27260
Analytical and experimental study of gain enhancement in antenna arrays covered with high index metamaterial superstrate
Authors: Attia Hussein , Siddiqui Omar F. , Suwan Na'el , Ramahi Omar M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAntenna arrays are used in communication applications where directive beams are required.In this article, we show analytically and experimentally that the gain of an antenna array can be further increased by covering it with a high refractive index superstrate. For the experimental demonstration, a corporate‐fed 4 × 1 microstrip patch array is fabricated and the electromagnetic pattern measurements are performed on the array covered with a magneto‐dielectric metamaterial. A fast analytical solution for the radiation fields of the superstrate‐covered microstrip antenna array is also proposed. The analytical solution is based on the reciprocity theorem in conjunction with the transmission line analogy and the cavity model. The artificial superstrate is designed using broadside coupled split ring resonator inclusions and is placed at approximately one‐tenth of a wavelength apart from the patch array operating at 2.2 GHz. A directivity increase of about 3.4 dB is achieved after covering the antenna array with the engineered magnetic superstrate. A comparison of results using the analytical model, the full‐wave simulations and measurements show good agreement. The proposed analytical formulation requires only 2.5% of the time required by full‐wave analysis. The superstrate‐based directivity enhancement method can be used in commercial antennas to combat some of the downsides of the existing systems such as gain decrease due to surface waves and dielectric losses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:215–218, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27261
Star 16QAM/OOK bidirectional transmission over a TDM‐PON
Authors: Sotiropoulos Nikolaos , Koonen A. M. J. , Waardt Huug de 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTransmission of Star 16QAM with differential detection has been demonstrated over a time division multiplexing (TDM)‐PON. The multilevel downstream channel is operating at 10 Gb/s, while an OOK signal at 2.5 Gb/s is used for the upstream. Results show very good receiver sensitivity, indicating the modulation format's suitability for next‐generation TDM‐PONs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:45–47, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27265
Broadband printed planar monople antenna for wireless terminal devices applications
Authors: Sun Jwo‐Shiun , Huang Sheng‐Yi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this study, the compact broadband printed planar monopole antenna is presented for wireless communication devices applications, which is designed to work in 2.4–4.2 and 4.8–5.9 GHz in which it is suitable for Wimax, WLAN, WiFi, and Bluetooth. The ratio of impedance bandwidth of the presented antenna to the central frequency bands of 3.3 and 5.3 GHz is as high as 1.8:1 (BW% = 54.5 and 20.6%, respectively). The total volume of the presented antenna is 45 (L) × 40 (W) × 0.4 (H) mm3, and the antenna gain is 3.0–6.2 dBi in the resonant frequency bands. The experimental results in general agree with the simulated data by high‐frequency structure simulator. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:79–82, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27272
Sacral neuromodulation effects on periurethral sensation and urethral sphincter activity
Authors: Gleason Jonathan L. , Kenton Kimberly , Greer W. Jerod , Ramm Olga , Szychowski Jeff M. , Wilson Tracey , Richter Holly E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsTo characterize the effect of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) on urethral neuromuscular function.MethodsFollowing IRB approval, women with refractory overactive bladder (OAB) underwent standardized urethral testing prior to and after Stage 1 SNM implantation. Periurethral sensation was measured using current perception thresholds (CPT). Striated urethral sphincter activity was quantified using concentric needle electromyography (CNE) and Multi‐Motor Unit Action Potential (MUP) analysis software. Nonparametric analyses were used to characterize pre/post changes with intervention. Baseline CPT and CNE findings were compared between SNM responders and non‐responders.ResultsTwenty‐seven women were enrolled in this pilot study with a mean age of 61 ± 13 years. Twenty of 26 women (76.9%) responded to SNM and went to Stage 2 permanent implantation. Four (14.8%) withdrew after Stage 1 implantation; three of the four withdrawals had not had therapeutic responses to SNM. CPT and CNE parameters did not significantly differ from baseline 2 weeks after SNM. Pre‐SNM urethral sensation was not significantly different between responders and non‐responders. However, responders had larger amplitude, longer duration and more turns and phases at baseline approaching significance, reflecting more successful urethral reinnervation, than non‐responders.ConclusionsSNM does not alter urethral neuromuscular function 2 weeks post Stage 1 implantation. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 476–479, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐adapting protocol tuning for multi‐hop wireless networks using Q‐learning
Authors: Marconett Dan , Lee Minsoo , Ye Xiaohui , Vemuri Rao , Yoo S. J. B. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYToday's network control systems have very limited ability to adapt to changing network conditions. The addition of reinforcement learning‐based network management agents can improve quality of service by reconfiguring the network layer protocol parameters in response to observed network performance conditions. This paper presents a closed‐loop approach to tuning the layer three protocol based upon current and previous network state observations, specifically the Hello Interval and Active Route Timeout parameters of the AODV routing protocol (AODV‐Q). Simulation results demonstrate that the self‐configuration method proposed here demonstrably improves the performance of the original Ad‐Hoc On‐Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol, reducing protocol overhead by 43% and end‐to‐end delay 29% while increasing the packet delivery ratio by up to 11%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of multivariate analysis to suggest a new molecular classification of colorectal cancer
Authors: Domingo Enric , Ramamoorthy Rajarajan , Oukrif Dahmane , Rosmarin Daniel , Presz Michal , Wang Haitao , Pulker Hannah , Lockstone Helen , Hveem Tarjei , Cranston Treena , Danielsen Havard , Novelli Marco , Davidson Brian , Xu Zheng‐Zhou , Molloy Peter , Johnstone Elaine , Holmes Christopher , Midgley Rachel , Kerr David , Sieber Oliver , Tomlinson Ian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMolecular classification of colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently based on microsatellite instability (MSI), KRAS or BRAF mutation and, occasionally, chromosomal instability (CIN). Whilst useful, these categories may not fully represent the underlying molecular subgroups. We screened 906 stage II/III CRCs from the VICTOR clinical trial for somatic mutations. Multivariate analyses (logistic regression, clustering, Bayesian networks) identified the primary molecular associations. Positive associations occurred between: CIN and TP53 mutation; MSI and BRAF mutation; and KRAS and PIK3CA mutations. Negative associations occurred between: MSI and CIN; MSI and NRAS mutation; and KRAS mutation, and each of NRAS, TP53 and BRAF mutations. Some complex relationships were elucidated: KRAS and TP53 mutations had both a direct negative association and a weaker, confounding, positive association via TP53–CIN–MSI–BRAF–KRAS. Our results suggested a new molecular classification of CRCs: (1) MSI+ and/or BRAF‐mutant; (2) CIN+ and/or TP53– mutant, with wild‐type KRAS and PIK3CA; (3) KRAS‐ and/or PIK3CA‐mutant, CIN+, TP53‐wild‐type; (4) KRAS– and/or PIK3CA‐mutant, CIN–, TP53‐wild‐type; (5) NRAS‐mutant; (6) no mutations; (7) others. As expected, group 1 cancers were mostly proximal and poorly differentiated, usually occurring in women. Unexpectedly, two different types of CIN+ CRC were found: group 2 cancers were usually distal and occurred in men, whereas group 3 showed neither of these associations but were of higher stage. CIN+ cancers have conventionally been associated with all three of these variables, because they have been tested en masse. Our classification also showed potentially improved prognostic capabilities, with group 3, and possibly group 1, independently predicting disease‐free survival. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MYC expression and distribution in normal mature lymphoid cells
Authors: Cattoretti Giorgio 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe distribution of the product of the proto‐oncogene MYC in lymphoid tissue has not been established in three decades, due to a combination of factors including low abundance, short half‐life, and antibody sensitivity and specificity. We sought to validate antibodies in order to define the expression and distribution of MYC in mature normal lymphoid cells by multiparametric immunophenotyping. Having validated two antibodies for flow cytometry and for immunohistochemistry, we analysed normal tonsil tissue. MYC is expressed predominantly in B cells, some of which are interfollicular large, activated, and cycling CD30+, IRF4+, AID± blasts. Follicular mantle, isotype‐switched memory B cells and FcRH4/IRTA1+ B cells express MYC in a wide range of levels and are small non‐proliferating CDKN1B/p27‐positive or ‐negative resting B lymphocytes. Germinal centre founder cells, CD30+ BCL6± AID± germinal centre blasts, and a population of GC cells in the apical light zone express MYC. MYC is expressed in all phases of the cell cycle in activated and mature B cells, but rarely in other lymphoid types and only partially fulfils the predictions derived from extractive and ex vivo experiments of the past 30 years. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correction of first trimester biochemical aneuploidy screening markers for smoking status: influence of gestational age, maternal ethnicity and cigarette dosage
Authors: Spencer Kevin , Cowans Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the gestational age, maternal ethnicity and cigarette dosage effects of the reduction of maternal serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) and free‐β human chorionic gonadotrophin (free hCGβ) in smokers.MethodsMaternal serum PAPP‐A and free hCGβ corrected for confounders, excluding smoking, in first trimester smokers and nonsmokers were compared by gestational age, maternal ethnicity and cigarette dosage. A small set of second trimester smokers and nonsmoker controls were analysed for PAPP‐A along with free hCGβ and assessed for gestational age effects of smoking.ResultsPregnancy‐associated plasma protein A reduction by smoking in the first trimester was not influenced by gestational age, however free hCGβ levels were only significantly reduced in weeks 12 and 13 in smokers. Ethnicity and cigarette dosage were also found to influence the reduction of both makers in smokers in the first trimester. In second trimester smokers, PAPP‐A was found to be reduced by less and free hCGβ reduced by more than in the first trimester, although no second trimester gestational age effect on smoking was found.ConclusionsCurrent methods of correcting for smoking status may be an oversimplification of a more complex subject. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nasal epithelium biomarkers in young children: Associations with allergic sensitization and environmental stressors
Authors: Sardella Antonia , Voisin Catherine , Dumont Xavier , Marcucci Francesco , Bernard Alfred 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies suggest that allergic diseases might have their onset in early epithelial barrier defects. To test this hypothesis, we assessed associations between nasal epithelium biomarkers, environmental stressors, and the risks of allergic sensitization.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study of 288 kindergarten children (mean age, 5.7 years), we measured aeroallergen‐specific IgE in nasal mucosa and the concentrations of urea, albumin, and Clara cell protein (CC16) in nasal lavage fluid (NALF). Albumin and CC16 in NALF were expressed per liter or as a ratio to urea. We also calculated the NALF CC16/albumin ratio as an index integrating the permeability and the secretory function of the nasal epithelium.ResultsMedian NALF concentrations of CC16 and albumin were 8.2 µg/L and 34.5 mg/L, respectively. While there were no significant gender differences when proteins were expressed per liter, the CC16 to albumin and CC16 to urea ratios in NALF were higher in girls than in boys (P = 0.02 and 0.055, respectively. The nasal epithelial barrier function, as reflected by these NALF biomarkers, was positively influenced by probiotics and age, and negatively by environmental stressors such as pool chlorine. The risk of house dust mite (HDM) sensitization increased with decreasing log NALF CC16 concentration, whether expressed per liter (2.59, 95% CI: 1.15–5.82, P = 0.02), as a ratio to urea (1.98, 95% CI: 0.96–4.06, P = 0.06), or as a ratio to albumin (OR, 2.03, 95% CI: 1.10–3.74, P = 0.02). Children in the highest and intermediate tertiles of the NALF albumin/urea ratio were three times more likely to be sensitized to HDM than those in the lowest tertile (both P = 0.04).ConclusionDefects in the nasal epithelium barrier function of young children, as reflected by the concentrations of CC16 and albumin in NALF, are associated with environmental factors, including pool chlorine, and with increased risks of HDM sensitization. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:571–578. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of the Effect of Covolumes in BKW Equation of State on Detonation Properties of CHNO Explosives
Authors: Suceska Muhamed , Ang How‐Ghee , Serene Chan Hay Yee 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDue to its simplicity, the Becker‐Kistiakowsky‐Wilson (BKW) equation of state has been used in many thermochemical codes in the calculation of detonation properties. Much work has been done in the calibration of the BKW EOS parameters to achieve agreement with experimental detonation velocities and pressures thus resulting in many different sets of BKW constants (α, β, κ and θ) and covolumes of detonation products, with varying levels of accuracy over broad density limits, i.e. broad pressure limits. The covolumes of the product gases in BKW EOS may be regarded as measures of intermolecular interactions, and their values should affect the predicted detonation properties, particularly at higher explosives densities. This work aims to study the effect of covolumes on calculated values of detonation parameters. Several sets of covolumes available from literature and derived by different methods (matching experimental Hugoniots of individual products, by stochastic optimization, and calculated from van der Waals radii), were studied. In addition, the covolumes of the product gases were also calculated by ab initio methods. The effect of covolumes is studied comparing detonation properties calculated using different sets of covolumes, and experimental data for a series of standard CHNO explosives. It was found that it is possible to reproduce experimental detonation velocities and pressures within reasonable accuracy (root mean square error of less than 5 % for all tested sets) using different set of covolumes, and simultaneously optimizing constants in BKW EOS. However, different values of covolumes strongly affect the composition of detonation products at the Chapman‐Jouguet state. It particularly applies to oxygen‐deficient explosives and at higher densities, where formic acid appears to be an important detonation product.
Evidence from NMR interaction studies challenges the hypothesis of direct lipid transfer from L‐FABP to malaria sporozoite protein UIS3
Authors: Favretto Filippo , Assfalg Michael , Molinari Henriette , D'Onofrio Mariapina 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUIS3 is a malaria parasite protein essential for liver stage development of Plasmodium species, presumably localized to the membrane of the parasitophorous vacuole formed in infected cells. It has been recently proposed that the soluble domain of UIS3 interacts with the host liver fatty acid binding protein (L‐FABP), providing the parasite with a pathway for importing exogenous lipids required for its rapid growth. This finding may suggest novel strategies for arresting parasite development. In this study, we have investigated the interaction between human L‐FABP and the soluble domain of Plasmodium falciparum UIS3 by NMR spectroscopy. The amino acid residue‐specific analysis of 1H,15N‐2D NMR spectra excluded the occurrence of a direct interaction between L‐FABP (in its unbound and oleate‐loaded forms) and Pf‐UIS3. Furthermore, the spectrum of Pf‐UIS3 was unchanged when oleate or phospholipids were added. The present investigation entails a reformulation of the current model of host‐pathogen lipid transfer, possibly redirecting research for early intervention against malaria.
A compact descriptor CHOG3D and its application in human action recognition
Authors: Ji Yanli , Shimada Atsushi , Nagahara Hajime , Taniguchi Rin‐ichiro 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new method to calculate local features. We extend the FAST corner detector to the spatiotemporal space to extract the shape and motion information of human actions. And a compact peak‐kept histogram of oriented spatiotemporal gradients (CHOG3D) is proposed to calculate local features. CHOG3D is calculated in a small support region of a feature point, and it employs the simplest gradient, the first‐order gradient, for descriptor calculation. Through parameter training, the proper length of the CHOG3D is determined to be 80 elements, which is 1/12.5 times the dimension of HOG3D in the KTH dataset. In addition, it keeps the peak value of quantized gradient to represent human actions more exactly and distinguish them more correctly. CHOG3D overcomes the disadvantages of the complex calculation and huge length of the descriptor HOG3D. From a comparison of the computation cost, CHOG3D is 7.56 times faster than HOG3D in the KTH dataset. We apply the algorithm for human action recognition with support vector machine. The results show that our method outperforms HOG3D and some other currently used algorithms. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Recent trend in risk assessment of formaldehyde exposures from indoor air
Authors: Nielsen Gunnar Damgård , Larsen Søren Thor , Wolkoff Peder 
Published: November 2012

AbstractStudies about formaldehyde (FA) published since the guideline of 0.1 mg/m3by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010 have been evaluated; critical effects were eye and nasal (portal-of-entry) irritation. Also, it was considered to prevent long-term effects, including all types of cancer. The majority of the recent toxicokinetic studies showed no exposure-dependent FA–DNA adducts outside the portal-of-entry area and FA–DNA adducts at distant sites were due to endogenously generated FA. The no-observed-adverse-effect level for sensory irritation was 0.5 ppm and recently reconfirmed in hypo- and hypersensitive individuals. Investigation of the relationship between FA exposure and asthma or other airway effects in children showed no convincing association. In rats, repeated exposures showed no point mutation in thep53andK-Rasgenes at ≤15 ppm neither increased cell proliferation, histopathological changes and changes in gene expression at 0.7 ppm. Repeated controlled exposures (0.5 ppm with peaks at 1 ppm) did not increase micronucleus formation in human buccal cells or nasal tissue (0.7 ppm) or in vivo genotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (0.7 ppm), but higher occupational exposures were associated with genotoxicity in buccal cells and cultivated peripheral blood lymphocytes. It is still valid that exposures not inducing nasal squamous cell carcinoma in rats will not induce nasopharyngeal cancer or lymphohematopoietic malignancies in humans. Reproductive and developmental toxicity are not considered relevant in the absence of sensory irritation. In conclusion, the WHO guideline has been strengthened.