bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mars Science Laboratory relative humidity observations: Initial results
Authors: Harri A.‐M. , Genzer M. , Kemppinen O. , Gomez‐Elvira J. , Haberle R. , Polkko J. , Savijärvi H. , Rennó N. , Rodriguez‐Manfredi J. A. , Schmidt W. , Richardson M. , Siili T. , Paton M. , Torre‐Juarez M. De La , Mäkinen T. , Newman C. , Rafkin S. , Mischna M. , Merikallio S. , Haukka H. , Martin‐Torres J. , Komu M. , Zorzano M.‐P. , Peinado V. , Vazquez L. , Urqui R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) made a successful landing at Gale crater early August 2012. MSL has an environmental instrument package called the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) as a part of its scientific payload. REMS comprises instrumentation for the observation of atmospheric pressure, temperature of the air, ground temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity (REMS‐H), and UV measurements. We concentrate on describing the REMS‐H measurement performance and initial observations during the first 100 MSL sols as well as constraining the REMS‐H results by comparing them with earlier observations and modeling results. The REMS‐H device is based on polymeric capacitive humidity sensors developed by Vaisala Inc., and it makes use of transducer electronics section placed in the vicinity of the three humidity sensor heads. The humidity device is mounted on the REMS boom providing ventilation with the ambient atmosphere through a filter protecting the device from airborne dust. The final relative humidity results appear to be convincing and are aligned with earlier indirect observations of the total atmospheric precipitable water content. The water mixing ratio in the atmospheric surface layer appears to vary between 30 and 75 ppm. When assuming uniform mixing, the precipitable water content of the atmosphere is ranging from a few to six precipitable micrometers.
Antecedent moisture conditions control mercury and dissolved organic carbon concentration dynamics in a boreal headwater catchment
Authors: Oswald Claire J. , Branfireun Brian A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe fate and transport of mercury (Hg) deposited on forested upland soils depends on the biogeochemical and hydrological processes occurring in the soil landscape. In this study, total Hg (THg) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were measured in streamwater from a 7.75 ha upland subcatchment of the METAALICUS watershed in northwestern Ontario, Canada. THg and DOC concentration‐discharge relationships were examined at the seasonal‐scale and event‐scale to assess the role of antecedent moisture conditions on the mobilization of these solutes to receiving waters. At the seasonal‐scale, subcatchment discharge poorly explained THg and DOC concentration dynamics; however, the inclusion of antecedent water storage and precipitation metrics in a multiple regression model improved the prediction of THg and DOC concentrations significantly. At the event‐scale, a comparison of THg and DOC concentrations for two small summer storms with similar total discharge showed that the storm following the wet snowmelt period had a significantly lower total flux of THg and DOC than the storm following warm and dry conditions in late summer due to a distinct shift in the concentration‐discharge relationship. Measurements of soil water and groundwater THg and DOC concentrations, as well as a three‐component mixing analysis, suggest that there was an accumulation of potentially‐mobile DOC‐bound THg in the well‐humified organic soil layer in the catchment during the warm and dry summer period and that as the catchment became wetter in the autumn, there was an increase in soil water THg and DOC concentrations and these solutes were subsequently flushed during the autumn storm.
Groundwater depletion during drought threatens future water security of the Colorado River Basin
Authors: Castle Stephanie L. , Thomas Brian F. , Reager John T. , Rodell Matthew , Swenson Sean C. , Famiglietti James S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractStreamflow of the Colorado River Basin is the most overallocated in the world. Recent assessment indicates that demand for this renewable resource will soon outstrip supply, suggesting that limited groundwater reserves will play an increasingly important role in meeting future water needs. Here we analyze 9 years (December 2004 to November 2013) of observations from the NASA Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission and find that during this period of sustained drought, groundwater accounted for 50.1 km3 of the total 64.8 km3 of freshwater loss. The rapid rate of depletion of groundwater storage (−5.6 ± 0.4 km3 yr−1) far exceeded the rate of depletion of Lake Powell and Lake Mead. Results indicate that groundwater may comprise a far greater fraction of Basin water use than previously recognized, in particular during drought, and that its disappearance may threaten the long‐term ability to meet future allocations to the seven Basin states.
The 2010 slow slip event and secular motion at Kı̄lauea, Hawai‵i, inferred from TerraSAR‐X InSAR data
Authors: Chen Jingyi , Zebker Howard A. , Segall Paul , Miklius Asta 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present here a small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithm to extract both transient and secular ground deformations on the order of millimeters in the presence of tropospheric noise on the order of centimeters, when the transient is of short duration and known time and the background deformation is smooth in time. We applied this algorithm to study the 2010 slow slip event as well as the secular motion of Kı̄lauea's south flank using 49 TerraSAR‐X images. We also estimate the tropospheric delay variation relative to a given reference pixel using an interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) SBAS approach. We compare the InSAR SBAS solution for both ground deformation and tropospheric delays with existing GPS measurements and confirm that the ground deformation signal and tropospheric noise in InSAR data are successfully separated. We observe that the coastal region on the south side of the Hilina Pali moves at a higher background rate than the region north side of the Pali. We also conclude that the 2010 slow slip event (SSE) displacement is mainly horizontal and the maximum magnitude of the 2010 SSE vertical component is less than 5 mm.
Solar cycle dependence of middle atmosphere temperatures
Authors: Forbes Jeffrey M. , Zhang Xiaoli , Marsh Daniel R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperature data during 2002 through 2013 and covering 20–110 km altitude between ±83° latitude are analyzed to determine the dependence of middle atmosphere temperatures on solar flux, as parameterized by a linear relation with 81 day mean values of the 10.7 cm solar radio flux, F10.7a. The basic data analyzed are 60 day mean values, which represent zonal and local‐time means. Analysis is conducted on both fixed altitude and fixed pressure levels. Below 70 km, the sensitivity of SABER annual mean temperatures is of order 1–2 K per 100 solar flux units (100 sfu) when data are analyzed on fixed altitude levels. At 85 km this increases to 3–6 K/100 sfu between ±60°latitude. At 95 km, values of order 4–6 K/100 sfu are found over the latitude range ±50° with values of order 10–14 K/100 sfu at higher latitudes in both hemispheres; these values increase to 5–11 K/100 sfu and 13–29 K/100 sfu, respectively, at 105 km. Comparisons are made with similarly analyzed temperatures from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). At 85 km, the WACCM response is similar to observed but above that level WACCM predicts a lower response by a factor of about 2 at 95 km. On the other hand, below 70 km, the sensitivity of WACCM annual mean temperatures is stronger than SABER (∼3 K/100 sfu). When analysis is instead performed on pressure levels, the response in the lower thermosphere increases, especially at 105 km where changes of 29 to 51 K/100 sfu are seen in SABER annual mean temperatures.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Self‐Administered Interview© for Witnesses with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Maras Katie L. , Mulcahy Sue , Memon Amina , Picariello Federica , Bowler Dermot M. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe widely used evidence‐based police interviewing technique, the Cognitive Interview, is not effective for witnesses with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined whether a modification of the Cognitive Interview that removes the social element, the Self‐Administered Interview©, is more useful in facilitating recall by ASD witnesses. One of the main components of the Cognitive Interview is context reinstatement, where the witness follows verbal instructions from the interviewer to mentally recreate the personal and physical context that they experienced during the event. The present findings showed that this procedure is not effective for witnesses with ASD in SAI format in which the social component of its administration is removed. However, the SAI sketch plan component did elicit more correct details from the ASD group, although to a lesser degree than for the comparison group. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risks of a lifetime in construction Part I: Traumatic injuries
Authors: Dong Xiuwen Sue , Ringen Knut , Welch Laura , Dement John 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundEstimates of occupational risk are typically computed on an annual basis. In contrast, this article provides estimates of lifetime risks for fatal and nonfatal injuries among construction workers. A companion paper presents lifetime risks for occupational illnesses.MethodsUsing 2003–2007 data from three large data sources, lifetime risk was computed based on the number of fatal and nonfatal injuries per 100 FTEs for a working lifespan of 45 years.ResultsFor a working life in construction, the risk of fatal injuries were approximately one death per 200 FTE, and the leading causes were falls and transportation incidents. For nonfatal injuries resulting in days away from work, the adjusted lifetime risk was approximately 78 per 100 FTEs, and the leading causes were contact with objects/equipment, overexertion, and falls to a lower level.ConclusionsLifetime risk estimates help inform both workers and policymakers. Despite improvements over the past decades, risks in construction remain high. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:973–983, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The function of loud calls (Hoot Series) in wild western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla)
Authors: Salmi Roberta , Doran‐Sheehy Diane M. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe use of loud vocal signals to reduce distance among separated social partners is well documented in many species; however, the underlying mechanisms by which the reduction of spacing occurs and how they differ across species remain unclear. Western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) offer an opportunity to investigate these issues because their vocal repertoire includes a loud, long‐distance call (i.e., hoot series) that is potentially used in within‐group communication, whereas mountain gorillas use an identical call exclusively during intergroup encounters. First, we tested whether the hoot series functions as a contact/separation call. Second, we examined which individuals were more likely to reply and which party was more responsible for decreasing distance to identify the underlying mechanisms and cognitive implications of hoot series. We collected behavioral, spatial, and acoustic data on five adult gorillas over 15 months at the Mondika Research Center (Republic of Congo and CAR). Hoot series are individually distinct calls and given by both male and female gorillas when separated from each other. Following hooting, the distance between separated group members decreased significantly; thus we concluded that western gorillas use this call to reestablish group cohesion. The way in which proximity was achieved depended upon listeners replying or not to the caller. Replies may indicate a conflict between callers about intended travel direction, with vocal interchanges serving to negotiate a consensus. Although the acoustic features of vocal signals are highly constrained in closely related species, our results demonstrate that the function and usage of particular calls can be flexible. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:379–391, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Cleavage of Ether CO Bonds by Pincer Iridium Complexes
Authors: Haibach Michael C. , Lease Nicholas , Goldman Alan S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe development of efficient catalytic methods to cleave the relatively unreactive CO bonds of ethers remains an important challenge in catalysis. Building on our group’s recent work, we report the dehydroaryloxylation of aryl alkyl ethers using pincer iridium catalysts. This method represents a rare fully atom‐economical method for ether CO bond cleavage.
Multiskalenmodellierung biologischer Funktionen: Von Enzymen zu molekularen Maschinen (Nobel‐Aufsatz)
Authors: Warshel Arieh 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEin detailliertes Verständnis der Wirkung biologischer Moleküle ist eine Voraussetzung für sinnvolle Fortschritte in der Medizin und verwandten Bereichen. Die Herausforderung besteht darin, aus vorhandenen Strukturinformationen zu einem klaren Verständnis der zugrundeliegenden Funktion des Systems zu gelangen. In Anbetracht der Komplexität von Makromolekülen sind Computersimulationen unentbehrlich, um den Zusammenhang zwischen den molekularen Kräfte und einer bestimmten Funktion zu beschreiben. Allerdings ist es praktisch unmöglich, eine vollständige und zuverlässige quantenmechanische Beschreibung großer molekularer Systeme zu verwenden.[1] Die Lösung für dieses Problem entstand aus der Erkenntnis heraus, dass große Systeme räumlich aufgeteilt werden können, und zwar in einen Teil, der quantenmechanisch beschrieben werden muss (z. B. ein Bereich, in dem Bindungen gebrochen werden), während der Rest des Systems auf einer einfacheren Ebene durch empirische Kraftfelder beschrieben wird. Diese Idee war besonders wirkungsvoll bei der Entwicklung von kombinierten Quantenmechanik/Molekülmechanik(QM/MM)‐Modellen.2 Hierbei zeigte sich, dass das Zusammenspiel zwischen den elektrostatischen Effekten der klassischen und Quantensysteme der Schlüssel für die Beschreibung der Funktionen von Enzymen und anderen Biomolekülen ist. Die Idee der Darstellung komplexer Systeme in unterschiedlichen Auflösungen sowohl auf der Zeit‐ als auch auf der Längenskala hat sich als sehr nützlich bei der Modellierung komplexer Systeme erwiesen. Ausgehend von grobkörnigen (coarse grained, CG) Darstellungen, die sich ursprünglich als sehr wirkungsvoll bei der Simulation der Proteinfaltung erwiesen haben – und die um die Beiträge elektrostatischer Energien erweitert wurden –, gelangte man zu Modellen, die besonders nützlich für die Erforschung der Wirkungsweise molekularer Maschinen sind. Dieser Ansatz der Verwendung mehrerer Skalen (“multiscale modeling”) wird wahrscheinlich eine wichtige Rolle bei der Modellierung noch komplexerer Systeme spielen, einschließlich Zellen und Zellenansammlungen.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed, Aminoquinoline‐Directed C(sp2)H Bond Alkenylation by Alkynes
Authors: Grigorjeva Liene , Daugulis Olafs 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA method for cobalt‐catalyzed, aminoquinoline‐ and picolinamide‐directed C(sp2)H bond alkenylation by alkynes was developed. The method shows excellent functional‐group tolerance and both internal and terminal alkynes are competent substrates for the coupling. The reaction employs a Co(OAc)2⋅4 H2O catalyst, Mn(OAc)2 co‐catalyst, and oxygen (from air) as a terminal oxidant.
Nanoelectrode for Amperometric Monitoring of Individual Vesicular Exocytosis Inside Single Synapses
Authors: Li Yu‐Tao , Zhang Shu‐Hui , Wang Li , Xiao Rong‐Rong , Liu Wei , Zhang Xin‐Wei , Zhou Zhuan , Amatore Christian , Huang Wei‐Hua 
Published: July 2014

AbstractChemical neurotransmission occurs at chemical synapses and endocrine glands, but up to now there was no means for direct monitoring of neurotransmitter exocytosis fluxes and their precise kinetics from inside an individual synapse. The fabrication of a novel finite conical nanoelectrode is reported perfectly suited in size and electrochemical properties for probing amperometrically inside what appears to be single synapses and monitoring individual vesicular exocytotic events in real time. This allowed obtaining direct and important physiological evidences which may yield important and new insights into the nature of synaptic communications.
Towards a Safe Lithium–Sulfur Battery with a Flame‐Inhibiting Electrolyte and a Sulfur‐Based Composite Cathode
Authors: Wang Jiulin , Lin Fengjiao , Jia Hao , Yang Jun , Monroe Charles W. , NuLi Yanna 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOf the various beyond‐lithium‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries were recently reported as possibly being the closest to market. However, its theoretically high energy density makes it potentially hazardous under conditions of abuse. Therefore, addressing the safety issues of Li‐S cells is necessary before they can be used in practical applications. Here, we report a concept to build a safe and highly efficient Li‐S battery with a flame‐inhibiting electrolyte and a sulfur‐based composite cathode. The flame retardant not only makes the carbonates nonflammable but also dramatically enhances the electrochemical performance of the sulfur‐based composite cathode, without an apparent capacity decline over 750 cycles, and with a capacity greater than 800 mA h−1 g−1(sulfur) at a rate of 10 C.
Long‐term stress relaxation behavior of predrawn poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Hazelwood T. , Jefferson A. D. , Lark R. J. , Gardner D. R. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTResearch has been carried out with the aim of better understanding the relevant properties of materials to be used in a new self‐healing cementitious composite material system. In a previous study, the buildup of stress in a heat‐activated restrained predrawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) specimen was investigated. In the current study, the long‐term stress relaxation behavior of such a restrained specimen has been explored so that its potential for use in the new material system can be better understood. The work includes an experimental study in which the stress in a number of PET specimens, restrained against longitudinal shrinkage, was measured during the initial heat activation and cooling phases, and then monitored for a further 6 months. These data were used to quantify the stress relaxation of the specimen and to inform the development of a new one‐dimensional numerical model to simulate the thermomechanical behavior of this material. This model is shown to be able to reproduce the observed short‐ and long‐term experimental behavior with good accuracy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41208.
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for solid‐phase extraction of carvedilol in serum samples
Authors: Azodi‐Deilami Saman , Abdouss Majid , Asadi Ebadullah , Hassani Najafabadi Alireza , Sadeghi Sadegh , Farzaneh Sina , Asadi Somayeh 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTHerein, we report a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (m‐MIPs) using Fe3O4 as a magnetic component, carvedilol as a template molecule for the solid‐phase extraction (MISPE) as the sample clean‐up technique combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and for the controlled release of carvedilol at different pH values of 1.0 (simulated gastric fluid), 6.8 (simulated intestinal fluid), and 7.4 (simulated biological fluid). The adsorption kinetics was modeled with the pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, and the adsorption isotherms were fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich models. The performance of the m‐MIPs for the controlled release of carvedilol was assessed and results indicated that the magnetic MIPs also have potential applications in controlled drug release. Furthermore, the m‐MIPs were applied to the extraction of carvedilol from human blood plasma samples. Carvedilol can be quantified by this method in the 2–350 μg L−1 concentration range. The limit of detection and limit of quantification in plasma samples are 0.13 and 0.45 μg L−1. The results from HPLC showed good precision (3.5% for 50.0 μg L−1) and recoveries (between 85 and 93) using m‐MIP from human plasma samples. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41209.
Synthesis, helical conformation, and infrared emissivity property study of optically active substituted polyacetylenes derived from serine
Authors: Bu Xiaohai , Zhou Yuming , Zhang Tao , He Man , Wang Yongjuan 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTSerine‐based monosubstituted acetylene monomers were synthesized and polymerized with rhodium zwitterion catalyst in THF to afford optically active polyacetylene derivatives (LPA and DPA) and corresponding racemic polyacetylenes (RPA) with moderate molecular weights in good yields. All of the substituted polyacetylenes (SPA) were characterized by FT‐IR, NMR, GPC, UV‐Vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and TGA. LPA and DPA were soluble in common organic solvents and possessed single‐handed helical conformation according to their intense Cotton effect and large specific rotations, while RPA presented random coiled polymer chain. The characterization results showed that helical structure of these SPAs was stabilized by intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the substituents which played a significant role in creating and maintaining the helix. Further, the infrared emissivity properties of them at wavelength of 8 to 14 μm were investigated at room temperature. Consequently, the LPA and DPA exhibited lower infrared emissivity values than RPA, which came down to 0.632 and 0.616. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41210.
Adaptive Dynamic Surface control of An electrohydraulic Actuator with Friction Compensation
Authors: Kheowree Tinnakon , Kuntanapreeda Suwat 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper, an adaptive nonlinear control scheme with a friction observer for position control of an electrohydraulic actuator is proposed. The observer based on the LuGre friction model is employed to compensate for the friction. Adaptation laws are used to handle parameter uncertainties in the actuator and friction model. The control law including dynamics of the observer is developed through a backstepping‐like dynamic surface control (DSC) technique. Experimental results have illustrated the success of the control scheme. The results also show that the adaptive DSC controller has better tracking performance than an adaptive backstepping and conventional PI controllers.
Almost Sure Exponential Stabilization of a Class of Uncertain Stochastic Systems with Markovian Switching
Authors: Zhu F. , Han Z. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the almost sure exponential stabilization of a class of uncertain stochastic systems with Markovian switching. A new criterion for testing the stability of such systems is established. The approach is based on stationary distribution theory. A sufficient condition is proposed for the design of robust state‐feedback controllers. An example illustrates the proposed techniques.