bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Chlorhexidine-Soaked Cloths to Reduce Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus aureusCarriage Prevalence in an Urban Jail
Authors: David Michael Z. , Siegel Jane D. , Henderson Janet , Leos Greg , Lo Kaming , Iwuora Jerry , Porsa Esmaeil , Schumm L. Philip , Boyle-Vavra Susan , Daum Robert S. 
Published: November 2014

Objective.To assess an intervention to limit community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) dissemination.Design.Randomized, controlled trial.Setting.County Jail, Dallas, Texas.Participants.A total of 4,196 detainees in 68 detention tanks.Methods.Tanks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: in group 1, detainees received cloths that contained chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) to clean their entire skin surface 3 times per week for 6 months; group 2 received identical cloths containing only water; and group 3 received no skin treatment. During the study, all newly arrived detainees were invited to enroll. Nares and hand cultures were obtained at baseline and from all current enrollees at 2 and 6 months.Results.At baseline,S. aureuswas isolated from 41.2% and MRSA from 8.0% (nares and/or hand) of 947 enrollees. The average participation rate was 47%. At 6 months, MRSA carriage was 10.0% in group 3 and 8.7% in group 1 tanks (estimated absolute risk reduction [95% confidence interval (CI)], 1.4% [−4.8% to 7.1%];P= .655). At 6 months, carriage of anyS. aureuswas 51.1% in group 3, 40.7% in group 1 (absolute risk reduction [95% CI], 10.4% [0.01%–20.1%];P= .047), and 42.8% (absolute risk reduction [95% CI], 8.3% [−1.4% to 18.0%];P= .099) in group 2.Conclusions.Skin cleaning with CHG for 6 months in detainees, compared with no intervention, significantly decreased carriage ofS. aureus, and use of water cloths produced a nonsignificant but similar decrease. A nonsignificant decrease in MRSA carriage was found with CHG cloth use.Trial registration.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00785200.
Talent management at Steelcase Manufacturing, Malaysia: managing high performance
Authors: Othman Rozhan Bin , Sumardi Wardah Azimah 
Published: November 2014

Subject area
Human resource management and leadership development.

Study level/applicability
MBA course on Human Resource Management.

Case overview
This case present the talent management practice at Steelcase. It highlights the approach taken by the company in managing its high performers. The approach taken by Steelcase links leadership development with performance management and succession planning. It also describes the distinct characteristics that make the approach taken by Steelcase different from other companies that implement talent management. This case presents policy options that companies can consider in developing a talent management program.

Expected learning outcomes
Understand and describe the interconnection between various talent development activities. Compare and assess policy options in developing talent management programs. Analyze how Steelcase nurture a high performance culture among its employees. Describe the leadership behaviors Steelcase is seeking to develop among its leaders.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Authentic leadership: the case of Miloud Chaabi, a shepherd who became a business legend
Authors: Hassi Abderrahman , Storti Giovanna 
Published: November 2014

Subject area
This case study may be used in the following academic courses: Theories of Leadership; Leadership and Leaders Organizational Leaders Roles; Management Skills Ethics and Governance; and Ethics and Management Entrepreneurial Management.

Study level/applicability
This case study may be used in the following academic programs: Bachelor's in Business Administration; Master of Science in Business Administration; and MBA Programs.

Case overview
There is little doubt, if any, that values shape the decisions, behaviors and corporate moves that business managers and leaders make in their day-to-day operations. The following case study sheds light on the influence of personal values on individuals in leadership positions. To do so, concrete examples of observed behaviors, in cases where values have been honored and positive outcomes have been attained, will be reported. From hiring practices, contract bidding, compensation policies and/or customer service, the Ynna conglomerate group, a Moroccan holding corporation, has been led by a visionary who patiently started his life journey as a shepherd tending ewes, and decades later has emerged as an extraordinary business legend to emulate. Virtually all the decisions taken within his companies are influenced by his moral convictions and his values. Miloud Chaabi, listed in Forbes Magazine as one of the top 40 richest billionaires in Africa, is a principled and revered individual who has been spiritually leading his businesses in various sectors since 1948.

Expected learning outcomes
In general, the objective of the case study is to further enhance the understanding of leadership in general and values-based leadership in particular. The case study will assist students in developing their leadership-related skills through the discussion of a real-life situation and experience, and proposing solutions to a challenge face by the company in the area of leadership approaches. The case is designed to provoke and stimulate students' personal reflections about a particular approach of management, especially in a transition period.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Overyielding in mixed forests decreases with site productivity
Authors: Toïgo Maude , Vallet Patrick , Perot Thomas , Bontemps Jean‐Daniel , Piedallu Christian , Courbaud Benoit 
Published: November 2014

Summary

There is a rising interest in the role of species diversity in ecosystem functioning and services, including productivity. Yet, how the diversity–productivity relationship depends on species identity and abiotic conditions remains a challenging issue.

We analysed mixture effects on species productivity along site productivity gradients, calculated from a set of abiotic factors, in two biogeographic contexts (highlands and lowlands). We compared the productivity of 5 two‐species mixtures (i.e. 10 cases of mixed species) with that of monocultures of the same species. Five main European tree species were considered: sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst).

Our data set was compiled from the 2006 to 2010 French National Forest Inventory data base and covers 2361 plots including pure and mixed stands.

Overall productivity of mixtures in highlands, that is European beech–Norway spruce, European beech–silver fir and to a lesser extent, silver fir–Norway spruce, was found to be higher than expected from the productivity of corresponding monospecific stands. Overyielding was mainly due to European beech for the first two mixtures and to silver fir for the third one.

No effect of mixture was found for sessile oak–Scots pine and sessile oak–European beech stands in lowlands. Overyielding of sessile oak mixed with Scots pine was not strong enough to significantly increase overall stand productivity. Overyielding of European beech was balanced by an underyielding of sessile oak.

The mixture effect changed along site productivity gradients for six cases out of the 10 studied, with a stronger and positive effect on sites with low productivity. The magnitude of this change along site productivity gradients varied up to 89% depending on the tree species.

Synthesis. The nature of species interaction in mixtures with regard to productivity changes with species assemblage and abiotic conditions. Overyielding is strongest when species grow in highlands on less productive sites. A negative link between mixture effect and site productivity was found, in line with the stress‐gradient hypothesis.
Effects of salinity and nitrate on production and germination of dimorphic seeds applied both through the mother plant and exogenously during germination in Suaeda salsa
Authors: Song Jie , Zhou Jiachao , Zhao Weiwei , Xu Hualing , Wang Fengxia , Xu Yange , Wang Lei , Tian Changyan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSalinity and nitrogen are two important environmental factors that affect the distribution of halophytes in their natural saline habitats. Seeds of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa L. were harvested from plants that had been treated with 1 or 500 mm NaCl combined with 0.5 or 5 mm NO3−‐N (nitrate) for 115 days in a glasshouse. Germination was evaluated under different concentrations of NaCl and nitrate. Plants exposed to high salinity (500 mm) and low nitrate (0.5 mm) tended to produce heavy seeds. Either high salinity (500 mm) or high nitrate (5 mm) increased the brown/black seed ratio. The concentrations of Na+, K+, and Cl− were higher in brown than in black seeds, and NO3− concentrations were higher in black than in brown seeds, regardless of NaCl and nitrate treatments during plant culture. Regardless of NaCl and nitrate concentrations during germination, seeds from plants grown with 0.5 mm nitrate generally germinated more rapidly than seeds from plants grown with 5 mm nitrate, and the difference was greater for black than for brown seeds. Exogenous nitrate during germination enhanced the germination of brown seeds less than that of black seeds. Producing more brown seeds and heavy black or brown seeds appears to be an adaptation of S. suaeda to saline environments. Producing more black seeds, which tend to remain dormant, should reduce competition for nitrogen and appears to be an adaptation to nitrogen‐limited environments. In conclusion, nitrate provided exogenously or by mother plants to black seeds may act as a signal molecule that enhances the germination of black S. suaeda seeds.
Analyst Reputation, Communication, and Information Acquisition
Authors: MENG XIAOJING 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTEarlier studies have shown that reputational concerns tend to reduce agents' opportunistic behavior. However, a recent study by Morris argued that analysts' (experts') reputational concerns may discourage truthful communication when they try to avoid being perceived as being misaligned with investors. In this paper, I examine the effect of reputational concerns on communication in a setting where analysts can choose their precision endogenously. Because both misaligned and aligned analysts want investors to trust their reports in the future, both will aim to build a reputation for being aligned. In equilibrium, aligned analysts will acquire more information than misaligned analysts. As a result, investors may favorably update their beliefs about the analysts' type when the report is proven to be accurate. Therefore, both types of analysts will have reputational incentives to communicate truthfully. The paper also derives conditions under which the analysts' reputational concerns have a nonmonotonic impact on aligned analysts' equilibrium precision choices and investors' welfare.
Comparing Electronic News Media Reports of Potential Bioterrorism‐Related Incidents Involving Unknown White Powder to Reports Received by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Federal Bureau of Investigation: U.S.A., 2009–2011
Authors: Fajardo Geroncio C. , Posid Joseph , Papagiotas Stephen , Lowe Luis 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThere have been periodic electronic news media reports of potential bioterrorism‐related incidents involving unknown substances (often referred to as “white powder”) since the 2001 intentional dissemination of Bacillus anthracis through the U.S. Postal System. This study reviewed the number of unknown “white powder” incidents reported online by the electronic news media and compared them with unknown “white powder” incidents reported to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) during a 2‐year period from June 1, 2009 and May 31, 2011. Results identified 297 electronic news media reports, 538 CDC reports, and 384 FBI reports of unknown “white powder.” This study showed different unknown “white powder” incidents captured by each of the three sources. However, the authors could not determine the public health implications of this discordance.
Revision of the familySphecidae (Hymenoptera:Apoidea) inSouthKorea
Authors: Kim Dong‐Wook , Yeo Jin‐dong , Kim Jeong‐Kyu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractKorean species of the familySphecidae are reviewed, and seventeen species in nine genera belonging to three subfamilies are confirmed. Among them,Ammophila campestrisandSceliphron caementariumare new toSouthKorea.Korean occurrence ofSceliphron madraspatanumis confirmed with an actualKorean specimen. This paper provides the first determination keys to higher taxa and species occurring inSouthKorea. Taxonomic information of each species including original publication of valid name and justifiable references forKorean occurrence is provided. Digital images and line drawings for selective characteristics are also available.
Effects of global warming on mosquitoes & mosquito‐borne diseases and the new strategies for mosquito control
Authors: Yi Hoonbok , Devkota Bijaya R. , Yu Jae‐seung , Oh Ki‐cheol , Kim Jinhong , Kim Hyun‐Jung 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGlobal warming has shortened mosquitoes’ lifecycle period and increased the disease transmission rates by mosquito vectors. We reviewed only three mosquito‐borne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and the Japanese encephalitis. Billions of people get infected with those diseases and millions of people die every year. Although we struggle to find the most effective way to control mosquitoes using various methods (including pesticides), mosquito‐borne diseases are still among the most serious problems being faced. This paper, therefore, reviews the strategies for controlling mosquitoes. The use of pesticides to control mosquitoes might have more negative effects on humans and environments than benefits. Although the development of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes raises new hopes for effective mosquito control, it will take longer to assess the risks to humans and environments. Furthermore, there has been concern about the possible adverse effects from the release of GM mosquitoes into the environment. The various mosquito traps may not be as effective at controlling only female mosquito populations. Therefore, new strategies for the control of mosquitoes are vital. The smart mosquito counter device was developed by Korean Centre for Disease Control (KCDC) in 2013. The mosquito pest control office is able to set up the appropriate mosquito control strategies by using quantitative mosquito information. The smart device will bring mosquito control in line with modern smart generation technology and the device will also soon be able to identify different mosquito species. This new strategy will change the methods of mosquito control and will provide beneficial effects toward sustainable nature and human health.
General validation of formalin‐preserved fish samples in food web studies using stable isotopes
Authors: González‐Bergonzoni Ivan , Vidal Nicolás , Wang Beixin , Ning Ding , Liu Zhengwen , Jeppesen Erik , Meerhoff Mariana 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Stable isotope analyses of carbon and nitrogen are widely used to study food web structure in ecosystems. However, isotopic signatures are affected by the often‐needed chemical preservation of tissues in the field, which impedes or weakens the interpretation of results. The scarcely available correction factors for preserved fish samples are species specific and have so far not been validated for general use. Moreover, no studies have evaluated the effect of preservation on the estimation of metrics typically used in food web studies.

We aimed to develop a general correction model suitable for a vast number of fish species and to test whether formalin‐preserved fish muscle δ13C and δ15N values can be used in food web metrics estimations. For this purpose, we used paired formalin‐preserved and fresh muscle samples of 116 fish individuals belonging to 17 species covering a wide range of fish trophic characteristics, from nine tropical streams.

Formalin decreased δ13C values by 0·6–1·4‰ (0·94‰ on average) and increased δ15N values by 0·3–0·5‰ (0·33‰ on average). Preservation effect was ecologically significant for δ13C values (as it surpassed natural trophic fractionation) and less important for δ15N values (being minor than natural trophic fractionation). However, preservation did not affect estimation of community‐wide food web metrics. The deviations in preserved samples varied among species and increased with increasing fresh sample C : N ratios and changes in carbon proportions after preservation and with increasing isotopic values (for δ13C). Despite these major deviations in δ13C values, we developed and validated a powerful general linear model to predict fresh fish muscle isotopic signatures from preserved samples.

Formalin‐preserved samples of fish can be used in food web studies, simplifying sampling logistics and allowing the use of museum and scientific collection specimens for historical food web reconstruction. Food web metrics based on δ13C vs. δ15N biplots can be directly estimated from preserved samples as the preservation effect seems overall consistent. When more detailed information is needed, or fresh and preserved samples are being simultaneously studied, formalin‐preserved isotopic signatures can be corrected to fresh values using the model developed in this study.
Evidence of inbreeding depression in the critically endangered parrot, the kakapo
Authors: White K. L. , Eason D. K. , Jamieson I. G. , Robertson B. C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDecreased genome‐wide heterozygosity of inbred individuals can result in reduced survival and reproductive fitness (i.e. inbreeding depression). However, showing such heterozygosity–fitness correlations in endangered species, especially those that are already genetically impoverished, has proven to be difficult. New Zealand's kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) is a critically endangered, flightless parrot that now survives only on islands free of introduced predators. The recent population bottleneck of 51 individuals, lek mating system (where only females care for eggs and young) and the fact that all but one of the population's founders came from the same insular population, render them particularly susceptible to inbreeding depression. The present study uses 25 microsatellite loci to derive estimates of relatedness to investigate heterozygosity–fitness correlations in kakapo. After accounting for the effects of co‐variables, there was no evidence that male heterozygosity affected variation in egg fertility, but there was evidence that female heterozygosity affected fecundity (i.e. clutch size) and hatching success; that is, more homozygous females lay smaller clutches and had lower hatching success. The present study detected significant heterozygosity–fitness correlations and demonstrates that inbreeding is a contributing factor towards relatively low hatching success, which in turn reduces population growth in this highly endangered, flightless parrot.
Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata of unusual course with malignant transformation: case report
Authors: Żyła Monika M. , Dzieniecka Monika , Kostrzewa Marta , Stetkiewicz Tomasz , Wilamowska Agnieszka , Księżakowska‐Łakoma Kinga , Wilczyński Jacek R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata is a very rare, benign entity of unknown pathogenesis, characterized by the presence of multiple subperitoneal or peritoneal smooth muscle nodules throughout the peritoneal surface. Mostly the course is asymptomatic and it is found incidentally during laparotomy, laparoscopy or cesarean section. Non‐specific symptoms such as abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, abdominal mass or gastrointestinal signs are described. Rare cases of malignant transformation have been reported. We present a case of disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis with an unusual course and transformation to endometrial sarcoma in a 26‐year‐old previously healthy woman, where the appearance of peritoneal nodules was preceded by multiple incidents of fast fibroid growth and delivery of myomatous growth into the cervical canal.
Laparoscopic umbilical hernia repair in a cirrhotic patient with a peritoneovenous shunt
Authors: Umemura Akira , Suto Takayuki , Sasaki Akira , Fujita Tomohiro , Endo Fumitaka , Wakabayashi Go 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA 62‐year‐old Japanese woman who had developed massive cirrhotic ascites was referred to our hospital for a peritoneovenous shunt implant. However, CT examination revealed an umbilical hernia that had not been observed before the peritoneovenous shunt was implanted. We decided to perform laparoscopic umbilical hernia repair to keep carbon dioxide from flowing backward into the central circulatory system. We first clamped the catheter and set the upper limit of the pneumoperitoneum pressure to 6 mmHg. The central venous pressure was also measured simultaneously. Mesh was then applied over the hernia and fixed by the double‐crown technique. Finally, 1000‐mL physiological saline was infused into the abdominal cavity while the pneumoperitoneum was slowly released. In this case, we safely performed laparoscopic umbilical hernia repair while making some alterations, specifically catheter clamping, reducing pneumoperitoneum pressure, monitoring central venous pressure, and infusing physiological saline.
The role of phosphoinositide‐regulated actin reorganization in chemotaxis and cell migration
Authors: Wu C‐Y , Lin M‐W , Wu D‐C , Huang Y‐B , Huang H‐T , Chen C‐L 
Published: November 2014

Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell motility and chemotaxis. Actin‐binding proteins (ABPs) and membrane lipids, especially phosphoinositides PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are involved in the regulation of this reorganization. At least 15 ABPs have been reported to interact with, or regulated by phosphoinositides (PIPs) whose synthesis is regulated by extracellular signals. Recent studies have uncovered several parallel intracellular signalling pathways that crosstalk in chemotaxing cells. Here, we review the roles of ABPs and phosphoinositides in chemotaxis and cell migration.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Cytoskeleton, Extracellular Matrix, Cell Migration, Wound Healing and Related Topics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐24