bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional measures of normal anal sphincter function using high‐resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) in 115 healthy volunteers
Authors: Carrington E. V. , Brokjær A. , Craven H. , Zarate N. , Horrocks E. J. , Palit S. , Jackson W. , Duthie G. S. , Knowles C. H. , Lunniss P. J. , Scott S. M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) is a relatively new method for collection and interpretation of data relevant to sphincteric function, and for the first time allows a global appreciation of the anorectum as a functional unit. Historically, traditional anal manometry has been plagued by lack of standardization and healthy volunteer data of variable quality. The aims of this study were: (i) to obtain normative data sets for traditional measures of anorectal function using HRAM in healthy subjects and; (ii) to qualitatively describe novel physiological phenomena, which may be of future relevance when this method is applied to patients.Methods115 healthy subjects (96 female) underwent HRAM using a 10 channel, 12F solid‐state catheter. Measurements were performed during rest, squeeze, cough, and simulated defecation (push). Data were displayed as color contour plots and analysed using a commercially available manometric system (Solar GI HRM v9.1, Medical Measurement Systems). Associations between age, gender and parity were subsequently explored.Key ResultsHRAM color contour plots provided clear delineation of the high‐pressure zone within the anal canal and showed recruitment during maneuvers that altered intra‐anal pressures. Automated analysis produced quantitative data, which have been presented on the basis of gender and parity due to the effect of these covariates on some sphincter functions. In line with traditional manometry, some age and gender differences were seen. Males had a greater functional anal canal length and anal pressures during the cough maneuver. Parity in females was associated with reduced squeeze increments.Conclusions & InferencesThe study provides a large healthy volunteer dataset and parameters of traditional measures of anorectal function. A number of novel phenomena are appreciated, the significance of which will require further analysis and comparisons with patient populations.
The development and validation of a rapid genetic method for species identification and genotyping of medically important fungal pathogens using high‐resolution melting curve analysis
Authors: Alnuaimi A.D. , Wiesenfeld D. , O'Brien‐Simpson N.M. , Reynolds E.C. , Peng B. , McCullough M.J. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryAccurate, rapid and economical fungal species identification has been a major aim in mycology. In this study, our goal was to examine the feasibility of a high‐resolution melting curve analysis (HRMA) of internal transcribed regions ITS1 and ITS2 in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) for a rapid, simple and inexpensive differentiation of eight clinically relevant Candida species (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida dubliniensis and Candida lusitaniae). In addition, for the first time, we tested the applicability of HRMA to classify C. albicans strains into four previously described genotypes (A, B, C and D) using a primer set that spans the transposable intron region of 25S of rDNA. Type and unknown clinical oral isolates were used in this study and the melting curve analysis was compared with both amplicons' sequencing and agarose gel electrophoresis analysis. Real‐time PCR and subsequent HRMA of the two described rDNA regions generated distinct melting curve profiles that were in accord with sequencing and gel electrophoresis analysis, highly reproducible, and characteristic of each of the eight Candida species and C. albicans genotypes. Moreover, results were obtained in 4 h and without the need for any post‐amplification handling, so reducing time and cost. Owing to its simplicity and speed, this technique is a good fit for genotypic analysis of hundreds of clinical strains in large epidemiological settings.
Variable Importance in Matched Case–Control Studies in Settings of High Dimensional Data
Authors: Balasubramanian Raji , Andres Houseman E. , Coull Brent A. , Lev Michael H. , Schwamm Lee H. , Betensky Rebecca A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryWe propose a method for assessing variable importance in matched case–control investigations and other highly stratified studies characterized by high dimensional data (p&gt;&gt;n). In simulated and real data sets, we show that the algorithm proposed performs better than a conventional univariate method (conditional logistic regression) and a popular multivariable algorithm (random forests) that does not take the matching into account. The methods are applicable to wide ranging, high impact clinical studies including metabolomic, proteomic studies and neuroimaging analyses, such as those assessing stroke and Alzheimer's disease. The methods proposed have been implemented in a freely available R library (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RPCLR/index.html).
Can Bees See at a Glance?
Authors: Nityananda Vivek , Chittka Lars , Skorupski Peter 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Primates can analyse visual scenes extremely rapidly, making accurate decisions for presentation times of only 20ms. We asked if bumblebees, despite having potentially more limited processing power, could similarly detect and discriminate visual patterns presented for durations of 100ms or less. Bumblebees detected stimuli and discriminated between differently oriented and coloured stimuli even when presented as briefly as 20ms but failed to identify ecologically relevant shapes (predatory spiders on flowers) even when presented for 100ms. This suggests a profound difference between primate and insect visual processing, so that while primates can capture entire visual scenes 'at a glance', insects might have to rely on continuous online sampling of the world around them, using a process of active vision which requires longer integration times.
Decomposition of fine roots and α-cellulose in a short rotation willow (Salix spp.) plantation on abandoned agricultural land
Authors: Püttsepp Ülle , Lõhmus Krista , Koppel Andres 
Published: March 2014

Decomposition of fine roots (<1Â mm in diameter) of the clones of Salix viminalis, S. dasyclados and Î±-cellulose sheets (50 x 10 x 1Â mm) was studied in a 6-years old Salix spp. plantation established on abandoned agricultural land in Estonia. The substrates were incubated in litterbags (mesh size 0.14Â mm) in 5â10Â cm topsoil, in non-fertilised plots for one year. Changes in the ash-free weight of the fine roots were best described by negative exponential models (S. viminalis R =â0.98, S. dasyclados R =â0.96), and by a linear model for Î±-cellulose (R =â0.63). The sheets of Î±-cellulose decomposed roughly twice as rapidly as the fine roots (S. viminalis kâ=â0.325, S. dasyclados kâ=â0.165). The remaining (of the initial) ash-free weights of the fine roots were 73.3âÂ±â0.8% (meanâÂ±âSE) and 85.8âÂ±â2.2% respectively, and of the Î±-cellulose 35.9âÂ±â8.5%, in the end of the one year of decomposition. The amount of acid detergent (AD) lignin in the fine-roots of S. viminalis increased significantly and did not change in S. dasyclados, suggesting higher activity of microbial decomposers in the first substrate. Of the studied quality parameters, the AD lignin was the major factor determining the different rate of decomposition of the fine roots of S. viminalis and S. dasyclados. Nitrogen was recycled in the fine root sub-system in both Salix species. This knowledge can be applied in the management of Salix plantations, aimed at bioenergy production.222
De nouveau sur le texte du Roland d’Oxford: lecture
Authors: Ogurisu Hitoshi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
While working on his Édition électronique du Roland d’Oxford, the author examined many questionable readings proposed in other editions. This paper is a report on this examination. In the first section, several slight errors committed by most of the editors (for v. 3526, by all editors) are enumerated. In the second section, the author deals with the exceeding «rigorisme» of reading: some editors believe that the copyist wrote carelessly «leuus», «darbe», «quifse» ... in place of «leuns», «barbe», «quisse», etc. But is it possible to distinguish every time «u» from «n», «b» from «d», «f» from «s» ... in a manuscript, which is far from being in a good condition? The close examination of this problem leads the author to agree with the opinion of Philippe Ménard: «[il faut] éviter de croire naïvement à tout ce que l’on voit». In the final section, it is proved that for vv. 43 and 131, some editors of the 19th century read the text more appropriately than those of the 20th, and that for v. 811 the reading of all preceding editions is not correct.
D'une identification insoutenable à une maternité possible
Authors: Sardas Fabienne 
Published: March 2014

À travers le cas de Claire dont les symptômes anxieux sont difficilement supportables depuis la découverte de sa grossesse et l’interruption de la gestation qui va être décidée, nous voyons que le temps de la thérapie va permettre de comprendre comment son destin et celui de sa mère sont intriqués. La grossesse en tant que période de remaniement pulsionnel, où les conflits intrapsychiques sont dominés par l’ambivalence, oblige à la confrontation avec des expériences infantiles douloureuses. À ce titre la grossesse peut avoir une valeur structurante mais nécessiter des réaménagements. Dans le cas de Claire elle est venue menacer un équilibre fragile. L’inconscient, le passé et l’imaginaire entrent en force dans la relation de la mère à son fœtus pour ici la compromettre. Ainsi le destin de la maternité dépend du problème central de l’identification à la mère. Grâce au travail thérapeutique, l’enfant non-né a tout autant, à sa manière, ré-ouvert l’espace maternel que le suivant, né 14 mois plus tard.
Predictors of Readmission after Inpatient Plastic Surgery
Authors: Jain Umang , Salgado Christopher , Mioton Lauren , Rambachan Aksharananda , Kim John YS 
Published: March 2014

Background Understanding risk factors that increase readmission rates may help enhance patient education and set system-wide expectations. We aimed to provide benchmark data on causes and predictors of readmission following inpatient plastic surgery.
Methods The 2011 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset was reviewed for patients with both "Plastics" as their recorded surgical specialty and inpatient status. Readmission was tracked through the "Unplanned Readmission" variable. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared using chi-squared analysis and Student's t-tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis was used for identifying predictors of readmission.
Results A total of 3,671 inpatient plastic surgery patients were included. The unplanned readmission rate was 7.11%. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (odds ratio [OR], 2.01; confidence interval [CI], 1.12-3.60; P=0.020), previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (OR, 2.69; CI, 1.21-5.97; P=0.015), hypertension requiring medication (OR, 1.65; CI, 1.22-2.24; P<0.001), bleeding disorders (OR, 1.70; CI, 1.01-2.87; P=0.046), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 3 or 4 (OR, 1.57; CI, 1.15-2.15; P=0.004), and obesity (body mass index ≥30) (OR, 1.43; CI, 1.09-1.88, P=0.011) to be significant predictors of readmission.
Conclusions Inpatient plastic surgery has an associated 7.11% unplanned readmission rate. History of COPD, previous PCI, hypertension, ASA class 3 or 4, bleeding disorders, and obesity all proved to be significant risk factors for readmission. These findings will help to benchmark inpatient readmission rates and manage patient and hospital system expectations.
A synthetic biosocial model of fertility transition: Testing the relative contribution of embodied capital theory, changing cultural norms, and women's labor force participation
Authors: Snopkowski Kristin , Kaplan Hillard 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents a biosocial model of fertility decline, which integrates ecological‐economic and informational‐cultural hypotheses of fertility transition in a unified theoretical framework. The model is then applied to empirical data collected among 500 women from San Borja, Bolivia, a population undergoing fertility transition. Using a combination of event history analysis, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling, we examine the pathways by which education responds to birth cohort, parental education and network ties, and how age at first birth and total fertility, in turn, respond to birth cohort, social network ties, education, expectations about parental investment, work, and contraceptive use. We find that in addition to secular trends in education, respondent's education is associated with the education of parents, the investment she received from them, and the education of older siblings. Total fertility has dropped over time, partly in response to increased education; moreover, the behavior of other women in a woman's social network predicts both initiation of reproduction and total fertility, while expected parental investment in offspring negatively predicts total fertility. Involvement in paid work that is incompatible with childcare is associated with a later age of first reproduction, but not subsequent fertility. Contraceptive use partially mediates the effect of education and birth cohort on total fertility, but is not a mediator of the effect of social network or expected parental investment on total fertility. Overall, the empirical results provide support for a biosocial model of fertility decline, particularly the embodied capital and cultural pathways. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:322–333, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of polyelectrolyte and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as dispersants for multiwalled carbon nanotubes on cotton fabrics for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Zou Lihua , Yao Lan , Ma Ying , Li Xiangpeng , Sailimujiang Shalayiding , Qiu Yiping 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTCotton fabrics with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersed by Nafion, a polyelectrolyte, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), a surfactant, were prepared for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and vector network analysis. The fabrics with the Nafion–MWCNT coating possessed a better shielding efficiency (SE) than those with the SDBS–MWCNT coating because of a more uniform dispersion of MWCNTs, which improved the electrical conductivity and EMI shielding properties. The maximum SE value of the fabric reached 11.48 dB, and the specific SE was 39.6 dB cm3/g. The reflectivity and absorptivity were calculated separately to determine the main mechanism of EMI shielding. The absorptivity was 68.6% at 12 GHz for the Nafion–MWCNT‐coated fabric; this showed that the dominant mechanism of EMI shielding for the treated fabrics was absorption. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40588.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Transparent Water Oxidation Catalysts Based on Copper Nanowires.
Authors: Chen Zuofeng , Rathmell Aaron R. , Ye Shengrong , Wilson Adria R. , Wiley Benjamin J. Wiley Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTransparent catalysts for water oxidation are created by electrodeposition of nickel or cobalt around a conducting network of copper nanowires.
ChemInform Abstract: Z‐Selective Ring Opening of Vinyl Oxetanes with Dialkyl Dithiophosphate Nucleophiles.
Authors: Guo B. , Njardarson J. T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA mild vinyl oxetane (I) ring opening that affords mainly Z‐substituted allylic thiophosphate products (III) in high yields is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Unactivated Alkyl Halides Catalyzed by a Nickel Pincer Complex.
Authors: Di Franco Thomas , Boutin Nicolas , Hu Xile 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA Nickel pincer complex is used to catalyze alkyl—alkyl and alkyl—aryl Suzuki—Miyaura cross coupling reactions of unactivated alkyl halides (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Dehydrative Esterification of Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids with a Macroporous Polymeric Acid Catalyst.
Authors: Minakawa Maki , Baek Heeyoel , Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Han Jin Wook , Uozumi Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA macroporous p‐phenolsulfonic acid—formaldehyde resin catalyst is prepared and used for the direct esterification of carboxylic acids and alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Michael‐Induced Skeletal Rearrangement of a Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Framework of Phloroglucinols to a Novel Bioactive Bicyclo[3.3.0]octane.
Authors: Vidali Veroniki P. , Mitsopoulou Kornilia P. , Dakanali Marianna , Demadis Konstantinos D. , Odysseos Andreani D. , Christou Yiota A. , Couladouros Elias A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe reactivity of the Δ7,10‐double bond of bicyclic[3.3.1]nonatriones such as (I) is investigated resulting in the discovery of a novel skeletal rearrangement to a highly functionalized bicyclo[3.3.0]octane.
ChemInform Abstract: Employing Arynes in Transition‐Metal‐Free Monoarylation of Aromatic Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Bhojgude Sachin Suresh , Kaicharla Trinadh , Biju Akkattu T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA highly monoselective arylation of N,N‐dimethylanilines with in situ generated benzynes without the need of metal catalysts is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazoline‐Based Organocatalyst for Enantioselective Strecker Reactions: A Protocol for the Synthesis of Levamisole.
Authors: Sadhukhan Arghya , Sahu Debashis , Ganguly Bishwajit , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Suresh E. , Bajaj Hari C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title reaction affords a broad range of chiral α‐cyano amines by employing TMS‐CN as source of cyanide.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective ortho‐Nitration of N‐Phenyl Carboxamides and Primary Anilines Using Bismuth Nitrate/Acetic Anhydride.
Authors: Lu Yang , Li Yaming , Zhang Rong , Jin Kun , Duan Chunying 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis method provides an operationally simple, regioselective, and efficient one‐pot access to synthesize o‐nitro anilines under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification of 2‐Carbonyl Substituted Phenols from the Alcohol Oxidation Level.
Authors: Sharma Satyasheel , Park Jihye , Kim Mirim , Kwak Jong Hwan , Jung Young Hoon , Kim In Su 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed esterification of 2‐carbonyl substituted phenols with a range of benzylic and aliphatic alcohols using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as convenient oxidant is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of (E)‐Vinyl Sulfones from Vinyl Halides in Water.
Authors: Liang Shuai , Zhang Ruo‐Yi , Wang Gao , Chen Shan‐Yong , Yu Xiao‐Qi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title reaction avoids the use of toxic catalysts and complies with green chemistry principles.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C—H Iodination: Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Diarylmethylamines.
Authors: Chu Ling , Wang Xiao‐Chen , Moore Curtis E. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe reaction is the first example of an enantioselective C—H iodination leading to chiral iodinated diarylmethylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Carbonylation—Arylation of N‐Arylacrylamides for Synthesis of Oxindole Derivatives.
Authors: Jia Fan , Liu Kaisheng , Xi Hui , Lu Shenglin , Li Zhiping 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVarious 3‐functionalized oxindoles are synthesized from N‐arylacrylamides and aldehydes using FeCl3 as catalyst and tBuOOH as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vicinal Aminoalcohols by Stereoselective Aza‐Wacker Cyclization: Access to (‐)‐Acosamine by Redox Relay.
Authors: Weinstein Adam B. , Schuman David P. , Tan Zhi Xu , Stahl Shannon S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe aza‐Wacker reaction of N‐protected hemiaminals derived from allylic alcohols leads to stereodefined vicinal aminoalcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of 2‐(2‐Thienyl)naphtho[2,1‐d]oxazole.
Authors: Aleksandrov A. A. , El'chaninov M. M. , Illenzeer E. V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA facile synthesis of title compound (III) is given and its behavior in electrophilic substitution reactions is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary Thiols from 5H‐Thiazol‐4‐ones and Nitroolefins: Bifunctional Ureidopeptide‐Based Broensted Base Catalysis.
Authors: Diosdado Saioa , Etxabe Julen , Izquierdo Joseba , Landa Aitor , Mielgo Antonia , Olaizola Iurre , Lopez Rosa , Palomo Claudio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe first catalytic Michael addition reaction of α‐mercapto carboxylate surrogates with nitroolefins is developed to synthesize chiral 5H‐thiazol‐4‐ones having a quaternary carbon center.
ChemInform Abstract: Safe and Easy Route for the Synthesis of 1,3‐Dimethyl‐1,2,3‐triazolium Salt (V) and Investigation of Its Anticancer Activities.
Authors: Shrestha Jaya P. , Chang Cheng‐Wei Tom 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTitle compounds (V) exhibits significant anticancer activities against melanoma, colon cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer, and central nervous system cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Porous Polymer‐Supported Copper Catalysts for Glaser and Huisgen 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Sun Qi , Lv Zhonfei , Du Yuyang , Wu Qinming , Wang Liang , Zhu Longfeng , Meng Xiangju , Chen Wanzhi , Xiao Feng‐Shou 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe catalyst can be recycled for at least 10 times without any loss of catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Transformation of Substituted‐3‐formylchromones to Pyrimidine Analogues: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of 5‐(o‐Hydroxyaroyl)pyrimidines.
Authors: Raj Tilak , Singh Narinder , Ishar M. P. S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractReaction of 3‐formylchromones (I) with bisaminomethylene‐thiourea (II) in refluxing toluene provides aroylpyrimidines (III) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Substituted Benzo[h]quinazolines, Benzo[g]indazoles, Pyrazoles, 2,6‐Diarylpyridines as Antitubercular Agents.
Authors: Maurya Hardesh K. , Verma Ruby , Alam Saba , Pandey Shweta , Pathak Vinay , Sharma Sandeep , Srivastava Kishore K. , Negi Arvind S. , Gupta Atul 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAll synthesized compounds are screened for their in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Staudinger/Aza‐Wittig Sequence by in situ Phosphane Oxide Reduction.
Authors: van Kalkeren Henri A. , te Grotenhuis Colet , Haasjes Frank S. , Hommersom C. A. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , van Delft Floris L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA Staudinger/aza‐Wittig process using catalytic amounts of 5‐phenyldibenzophosphole is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Step Ugi Multicomponent Reaction for the Synthesis of Phosphopeptidomimetics.
Authors: Gargano Andrea F. G. , Buchinger Stefanie , Kohout Michal , Lindner Wolfgang , Laemmerhofer Michael 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIt provides a new, fast, and efficient method to prepare a wide range of biologically important phosphopeptidomimetics.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Complexes in Organic Synthesis. Part 109. Efficient Construction of Pyrano[3,2‐a]carbazoles: Application to a Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Cyclized Monoterpenoid Pyrano[3,2‐a]carbazole Alkaloids.
Authors: Hesse Ronny , Gruner Konstanze K. , Kataeva Olga , Schmidt Arndt W. , Knoelker Hans‐Joachim 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn efficient route for the synthesis of crucial precursors [(III) and (V)] for the synthesis of different alkaloids is presented.