bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of epistasis in doubled haploid barley populations considering interactions between all possible marker pairs
Authors: Bocianowski Jan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEpistasis, is the interaction between alleles from two or more loci determining complex traits, and thus plays an important role in the development of quantitative traits of crops. In mapping studies of inbreeding species epistasis is usually defined as the interactions between quantitative trait loci with significant additive gene effects. Indeed, in many studies, genes with small effects do not come into the final model and thus the total epistasis interaction effect is biased. Many loci may not have a significant direct effect on the trait under consideration, but they may still affect trait expression by interacting with other loci. In this paper the benefits of using all loci, not only the loci with significant main effects, for estimation of the epistatic effects are presented. The particular examples are with doubled haploids lines and so are restricted to homozygotes and thus additive genetic effects and additive × additive interactions. Numerical analyses were carried out on three populations of doubled haploid lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): 120 doubled haploid lines from the Clipper × Sahara 3771 cross, 145 doubled haploid lines from the Harrington × TR306 cross and 150 doubled haploid lines from the Steptoe × Morex cross. In total, 157 sets of observations were analyzed and altogether 728 pairs of loci were observed for the three datasets.
La culture des groupes minoritaires face au droit international
Authors: Trudel Elisabeth Roy 
Published: October 2013

Résumé
La protection de la culture et les droits culturels revêtent une importance particulière pour les minorités et les peuples autochtones dans un contexte où la différence culturelle est pour plusieurs une source d’appréhension, engendrant souvent des discriminations multiples vis-à-vis de ces groupes minoritaires. Or, si on compare la promotion et la protection des droits culturels à celles d’autres droits humains, on constate d’emblée leur marginalisation. Cet article explore une des causes de cette marginalisation en abordant la question suivante : dans quelle mesure le concept de culture en droit international influence-t-il la promotion et la protection des droits culturels des groupes minoritaires? L’hypothèse avancée est que l’ambigüité et l’absence d’une définition contraignante de ce concept dans les instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits humains laissent la voie libre à une conception sous-jacente réductrice qui ne rend pas justice aux droits culturels des groupes minoritaires, qui conditionnent la mise en œuvre de ces droits en plus d’exacerber plusieurs exclusions. Une re-conceptualisation de la notion de culture qui tiendrait compte de réflexions émanant de l’anthropologie apparaît essentielle.
Orally administered whole egg demonstrates antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming test on rats
Authors: Nagasawa Mao , Otsuka Tsuyoshi , Ogino Yumi , Yoshida Junki , Tomonaga Shozo , Yasuo Shinobu , Furuse Mitsuhiro 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveSeveral studies have reported that vegetarian diets are associated with a higher prevalence of major depression. Therefore, we hypothesised that the consumption of animal products, especially eggs, may have positive effects on mental health, especially on major depression, because a previous study reported that egg consumption produces numerous beneficial effects in humans. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chronic whole-egg treatment on depression-like behaviours in Wistar rats, a control strain, and Wistar Kyoto rats, an animal model of depression.MethodsIn both the rats, either whole-egg solution (5 ml/kg) or distilled water (5 ml/kg) was orally administrated for 35 days. During these periods, the open-field test (OFT) was conducted on the 21st day, and a forced swimming test (FST) was enforced on the 27th and 28th days. On the 36th day, the plasma and brain were collected.ResultsChronic whole-egg treatment did not affect line crossing in the OFT, whereas it reduced the total duration of immobility in the FST on both strains. Furthermore, interestingly, the results indicated the possibility that whole-egg treatment elevated the incorporation of tryptophan into the brain, and the tryptophan concentration in the prefrontal cortex was actually increased by the treatment.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that whole-egg treatment exerts an antidepressant-like effect in the FST. It is suggested that whole egg may be an excellent food for preventing and alleviating the conditions of major depression.
'A Permanent and Prominent Feature of the Show'
Authors: Scott Joanne 
Published: October 2013

Variously described as ‘the outstanding feature of the show’, the ‘finest . . . in Australia’ and ‘a breath-taking experience’, the district exhibits competition is a central and much-loved feature of the annual Brisbane Exhibition, Queensland's premier agricultural show. Although the contest has attracted enthusiastic crowds and substantial media attention across more than a century, scholarly analysis has been limited. Yet, as other studies have demonstrated, exploring key aspects of the histories of agricultural shows not only provides insights into some of post-contact Australia's oldest and most popular events, but also enriches our understanding of the ideas that have sustained and shaped our communities. This article contributes to that historiography through an analysis of the origins and subsequent meanings of the Brisbane district exhibits competition.
READINGTHE SECOND SEXIN 1950s AMERICA
Authors: GERMAIN ROSIE 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTSimone de Beauvoir'sThe second sexwas first published in English in 1953, four years after its publication in French. Since the 1970s, many scholars have come to view de Beauvoir as the most important feminist thinker of the twentieth century and consequently to regard the initial American reactions toThe second sex, which rarely discussed it in explicitly feminist terms, as showing that de Beauvoir's work had been misunderstood or misrepresented. This article focuses on what American commentators did say about de Beauvoir, rather than what they did not, and it shows thatThe second sexwas quite widely, and often enthusiastically, discussed. Critics often saw de Beauvoir through the prism of social science, in particular anthropology and the ‘science’ of sexology. However, three things impeded a wholly sympathetic reception. First, unlike de Beauvoir, American writers believed that ‘modern’ society, by which they meant America, should combine female emancipation, especially at work, with the preservation of ‘femininity’. Secondly, de Beauvoir's view that ‘woman is made not born’ clashed with biologically determinist ideas popular among American social scientists by the 1950s. Thirdly, and most importantly, American critics were incensed by what they took to be de Beauvoir's denigration of motherhood.
THE FORMATION, COMPOSITION, AND CONDUCT OF THE BRITISH SECTION OF THE PALESTINE GENDARMERIE, 1922–1926
Authors: GANNON SEÁN WILLIAM 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe British Section of the Palestine Gendarmerie was raised in early 1922 by the colonial secretary, Winston Churchill, as a striking force and riot squad for Palestine. Through the agency of the Irish police chief, General Hugh Tudor, this British Gendarmerie was recruited almost entirely from amongst the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) and its Auxiliary Division, then in the process of disbanding as part of the recent Anglo-Irish settlement. The international notoriety of the Black and Tans led to official efforts to obscure the fact that the force was to be drawn from RIC ranks but these were entirely unsuccessful. Indeed, the British Gendarmerie itself quickly acquired a reputation for Black and Tan-type behaviour but an examination of its four-year career indicates that this derived more from preconceptions about the force's composition than from its actual conduct. In fact, in terms of force discipline and levels of police brutality, the British Gendarmerie's record compared very favourably with those of its ‘parent’ forces in Ireland, lending support to recent claims that historians have tended to over-value character-based explanations at the expense of circumstance-based assessments when analysing police behaviour both during the Irish revolution and the Palestine Mandate.
Stock assessment of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the central East China Sea based on length data
Authors: Wang Yingbin , Zheng Ji , Yu Cungen 
Published: October 2013

The chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) has been one of the important commercial pelagic species in the East China Sea since the decline of traditional demersal economic species. Although chub mackerel resources are suffering over-exploitation with the increase of fishing effort, their response to fishing and changing trends have not been analysed because of a shortage of data. In this paper we separated sample catches of chub mackerel from the central East China Sea during 2009 and 2010 into three age groups based on the age–fork length key. We then estimated the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and built a spawner–recruitment relationship based on the fishery statistics of purse seine vessels, lighting purse seine vessels and deep-water purse seine vessels from 2006 to 2012. We predicted the biomass, spawning biomass, catches and the length compositions of catches when fishing at the current intensity (fishing mortality (F) = 0.7). The results showed that the MSY of chub mackerel is about 18.8 × 104t, and the fishing effort at MSY (EMSY) is about 72 standard purse seine vessels (both the lighting purse seine vessels and deep-water purse seine vessels were standardized to purse seine vessels), which is equivalent toF = 0.4. IfFremains at the current level, the biomass of chub mackerel will remain at 45.3 × 104t. At the same time, more than 40% in the catch will be the individuals smaller than 200 mm, and only about 8% will be larger than 300 mm. Therefore, there is little potential for further exploitation of the chub mackerel resources in the central East China Sea, and it is better to reduceFto less than 0.4 for sustainable utilization.
Docosahexaenoic acid, protectin synthesis: relevance against atherothrombogenesis
Authors: Lagarde Michel , Liu Miao , Véricel Evelyne , Calzada Catherine , Chen Ping , Driss Fathi , Guichardant Michel 
Published: October 2013

DHA is an abundant nutrient from marine lipids: its specific biological effects have been investigated in human volunteers, taking into consideration the dose effects. We report herein that, at dosages below 1 g/d, DHA proved to be effective in lowering blood platelet function and exhibited an ‘antioxidant’ effect. However, this was no longer the case following 1·6 g/d, showing then a U-shape response. The antioxidant effect has been observed in platelets as well as LDL, of which the redox status is assumed to be crucial in their relationship with atherosclerosis. Second, the oxygenated products of DHA, especially protectins produced by lipoxygenases, have been considered for their potential to affect blood platelets and leucocytes. It is concluded that DHA is an interesting nutrient to reduce atherothrombogenesis, possibly through complementary mechanisms involving lipoxygenase products of DHA.
A naturalistic, randomized, controlled trial combining cognitive remediation with cognitive–behavioural therapy after first-episode non-affective psychosis
Authors: Drake R. J. , Day C. J. , Picucci R. , Warburton J. , Larkin W. , Husain N. , Reeder C. , Wykes T. , Marshall M. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundCognitive remediation (CR) preceding cognitive–behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp) was trialled within routine clinical services, with the hypothesis that following first-episode non-affective psychosis CR would enhance CBTp efficacy by improving neuropsychological performance.MethodA total of 61 patients with DSM-IV non-affective psychoses waiting for routine CBTp were randomized to computerized CR over 12 weeks, supported by a trained support worker, or time-matched social contact (SC). Primary outcome was the blind-rated Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale (PSYRATS). Secondary outcomes included measures of CBTp progress, cognition, symptoms, insight and self-esteem: all at baseline, after CR (12 weeks) and after CBTp (42 weeks). PSYRATS and global neuropsychological efficacy were tested using mixed-effects models with a group × time interaction term. Measures of CBTp progress and some neuropsychological measures were modelled by regression.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the CR and SC groups in PSYRATS (group × time coefficient 0.3, 95% confidence interval −0.4 to 1.1, p = 0.39). However, after CR CBTp was shorter [median 7 sessions, interquartile range (IQR) 2–12 after CR; median 13, IQR 4–18 after SC; model p = 0.011] and linked to better insight (p = 0.02). Global cognition did not improve significantly more after CR (p = 0.20) but executive function did (Wisconsin Card Sort, p = 0.012).ConclusionsCBTp courses preceded by CR were far shorter but achieved the same outcome as CBTp preceded by an active control, consistent with neuropsychological improvement enhancing CBTp. CR was delivered by staff with minimal training, offering the potential to reduce the costs of CBTp considerably.
Cette fusion annuelle: cosmopolitanism and identity in Nice,c. 1815–1860
Authors: CHALUS ELAINE 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBetween 1815 and 1860, Nice became one of Europe's leading health and leisure resorts, annually hosting an international wintering population of thousands. During a period marked by the rise of the nation-state and national sentiment, Nice was celebrated as ‘une ville cosmopolite’. This article suggests that while geographic, historic and economic factors provided preconditions for cosmopolitanism, Nice's emergence as a peculiarly cosmopolitan town in the first half of the nineteenth century owes much to a combination of forward-looking urban developments and long-established traditions of face-to-face elite sociability, directed and shaped largely by women.
Memory and place on the Liverpool waterfront in the mid-twentieth century
Authors: BALDERSTONE LAURA , MILNE GRAEME J. , MULHEARN RACHEL 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis article explores the changing urban form and society of waterfront Liverpool in the last generation of the city's role as a traditional general cargo seaport. Deriving much of its evidence from a collaborative public history project, it demonstrates the continuing vitality of the near waterfront zone into the 1960s, and interprets the subsequent sudden collapse of the district with the closure of the south docks in 1972. Interviewees identified sites of memory that cast light on both the routine working of the district and the nature of its fall into dereliction and abandonment.
CD200R signaling inhibits pro-angiogenic gene expression by macrophages and suppresses choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Horie Shintaro , Robbie Scott J. , Liu Jian , Wu Wei-Kang , Ali Robin R. , Bainbridge James W. , Nicholson Lindsay B. , Mochizuki Manabu , Dick Andrew D. , Copland David A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMacrophages are rapidly conditioned by cognate and soluble signals to acquire phenotypes that deliver specific functions during inflammation, wound healing and angiogenesis. Whether inhibitory CD200R signaling regulates pro-angiogenic macrophage phenotypes with the potential to suppress ocular neovascularization is unknown. CD200R-deficient bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMΦ) were used to demonstrate that macrophages lacking this inhibitory receptor exhibit enhanced levels of Vegfa, Arg-1 and Il-1β when stimulated with PGE2 or RPE-conditioned (PGE2-enriched) media. Endothelial tube formation in HUVECs was increased when co-cultured with PGE2-conditioned CD200R−/− BMMΦ, and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization was enhanced in CD200R-deficient mice. In corroboration, signaling through CD200R results in the down-regulation of BMMΦ angiogenic and pro-inflammatory phenotypes. Translational potential of this pathway was investigated in the laser-induced model of choroidal neovascularization. Local delivery of a CD200R agonist mAb to target myeloid infiltrate alters macrophage phenotype and inhibits pro-angiogenic gene expression, which suppresses pathological angiogenesis and CNV development.
Discontinuous properties of current-induced magnetic domain wall depinning
Authors: Hu X. F. , Wu J. , Niu D. X. , Chen L. , Morton S. A. , Scholl A. , Huang Z. C. , Zhai Y. , Zhang W. , Will I. , Xu Y. B. , Zhang R. , van der Laan G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe current-induced motion of magnetic domain walls (DWs) confined to nanostructures is of great interest for fundamental studies as well as for technological applications in spintronic devices. Here, we present magnetic images showing the depinning properties of pulse-current-driven domain walls in well-shaped Permalloy nanowires obtained using photoemission electron microscopy combined with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. In the vicinity of the threshold current density (Jth = 4.2 × 1011 A.m−2) for the DW motion, discontinuous DW depinning and motion have been observed as a sequence of “Barkhausen jumps”. A one-dimensional analytical model with a piecewise parabolic pinning potential has been introduced to reproduce the DW hopping between two nearest neighbour sites, which reveals the dynamical nature of the current-driven DW motion in the depinning regime.
Assessment of Genetically Modified Soybean in Relation to Natural Variation in the Soybean Seed Metabolome
Authors: Clarke Joseph D. , Alexander Danny C. , Ward Dennis P. , Ryals John A. , Mitchell Matthew W. , Wulff Jacob E. , Guo Lining 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGenetically modified (GM) crops currently constitute a significant and growing part of agriculture. An important aspect of GM crop adoption is to demonstrate safety and equivalence with respect to conventional crops. Untargeted metabolomics has the ability to profile diverse classes of metabolites and thus could be an adjunct for GM crop substantial equivalence assessment. To account for environmental effects and introgression of GM traits into diverse genetic backgrounds, we propose that the assessment for GM crop metabolic composition should be understood within the context of the natural variation for the crop. Using a non-targeted metabolomics platform, we profiled 169 metabolites and established their dynamic ranges from the seeds of 49 conventional soybean lines representing the current commercial genetic diversity. We further demonstrated that the metabolome of a GM line had no significant deviation from natural variation within the soybean metabolome, with the exception of changes in the targeted engineered pathway.
Smoking mull: a grounded theory model on the dynamics of combined tobacco and cannabis use among adult men
Authors: Banbury A. , Zask A. , Carter S. M. , van Beurden E. , Tokley R. , Passey M. , Copeland J. 
Published: October 2013

Issue addressedAustralians' use of cannabis has been increasing. Over a third of Australians (35.4%) have used cannabis at some time in their lives and 10.3% are recent users. Almost two‐thirds of cannabis users combine cannabis with tobacco. The aim of this study was to understand the process of mulling – smoking tobacco and cannabis together – using a grounded theory approach.MethodsTwenty‐one in‐depth semistructured interviews were conducted with men aged 25–34 and living on the North Coast of New South Wales. Interviews explored participants' smoking practices, histories and cessation attempts.ResultsA model describing mulling behaviour and the dynamics of smoking cannabis and tobacco was developed. It provides an explanatory framework that demonstrates the flexibility in smoking practices, including substance substitution – participants changed the type of cannabis they smoked, the amount of tobacco they mixed with it and the devices they used to smoke according to the situations they were in and the effects sought.ConclusionUnderstanding these dynamic smoking practices and the importance of situations and effects, as well as the specific role of tobacco in mulling, may allow health workers to design more relevant and appropriate interventions.So what?Combining tobacco with cannabis is the most common way of smoking cannabis in Australia. However, tobacco cessation programmes rarely address cannabis use. Further research to develop evidence‐based approaches for mull use would improve cessation outcomes.
Region-specific restoration of striatal synaptic plasticity by dopamine grafts in experimental parkinsonism
Authors: Rylander Daniella , Bagetta Vincenza , Pendolino Valentina , Zianni Elisa , Grealish Shane , Gardoni Fabrizio , Di Luca Monica , Calabresi Paolo , Cenci M. Angela , Picconi Barbara 
Published: October 2013

Significance
This paper identifies long-term synaptic plasticity restoration as an underlying mechanism of progressive motor improvement after neuronal transplantation in a rat Parkinson model. A Parkinson-associated loss of plasticity in the host striatum could be restored by transplanted dopamine neurons with sufficient fiber innervation, suggesting that functional innervation with possible synapse formation is required for the long-term effect of neural transplants. These data support a multisite-grafting procedure to more extensively restore the plasticity in the host parkinsonian brain. Dopamine neuron transplantation could be a future therapy for Parkinson disease and is currently being evaluated in a European Union-sponsored project.
Compressed modes for variational problems in mathematics and physics
Authors: Ozoliņš Vidvuds , Lai Rongjie , Caflisch Russel , Osher Stanley 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Intuition suggests that many interesting phenomena in physics, chemistry, and materials science are “short-sighted”—that is, perturbation in a small spatial region only affects its immediate surroundings. In mathematical terms, near-sightedness is described by functions of finite range. As an example, the so-called Wannier functions in quantum mechanics are localized functions, which contain all the information about the properties of the system, including its spectral properties. This work’s main research objective is to develop theory and numerical methods that can systematically derive functions that span the energy spectrum of a given quantum-mechanical system and are nonzero only in a finite spatial region. These ideas hold the key for developing efficient methods for solving partial differential equations of mathematical physics.