bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor cell‐specific inhibition of MYC function using small molecule inhibitors of the HUWE1 ubiquitin ligase
Authors: Peter Stefanie , Bultinck Jennyfer , Myant Kevin , Jaenicke Laura A , Walz Susanne , Müller Judith , Gmachl Michael , Treu Matthias , Boehmelt Guido , Ade Carsten P , Schmitz Werner , Wiegering Armin , Otto Christoph , Popov Nikita , Sansom Owen , Kraut Norbert , Eilers Martin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDeregulated expression of MYC is a driver of colorectal carcinogenesis, necessitating novel strategies to inhibit MYC function. The ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 (HECTH9, ARF‐BP1, MULE) associates with both MYC and the MYC‐associated protein MIZ1. We show here that HUWE1 is required for growth of colorectal cancer cells in culture and in orthotopic xenograft models. Using high‐throughput screening, we identify small molecule inhibitors of HUWE1, which inhibit MYC‐dependent transactivation in colorectal cancer cells, but not in stem and normal colon epithelial cells. Inhibition of HUWE1 stabilizes MIZ1. MIZ1 globally accumulates on MYC target genes and contributes to repression of MYC‐activated target genes upon HUWE1 inhibition. Our data show that transcriptional activation by MYC in colon cancer cells requires the continuous degradation of MIZ1 and identify a novel principle that allows for inhibition of MYC function in tumor cells.
Effect of Astragalus membranaceus extract on diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Kim Jiman , Moon Eulsun , Kwon Seungwon 
Published: September 2014

SummaryDiabetic nephropathy, a microvascular complication of diabetes, is a progressive kidney disease caused by angiopathy of the capillaries in the kidney glomeruli. Herein, we report a case of a 62-year-old patient with a 30 year history of diabetes, who showed a substantial improvement in diabetic nephropathy on administration of 30 g of Astragalus membranaceus extract per day. After 1 month, estimated glomerular filtration rate increased from 47 to 72 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and was subsequently maintained at the 1-month follow-up. Urinary protein levels also decreased following treatment. Herein, we present and discuss the evidence and mechanism of A. membranaceus on diabetic nephropathy in this patient.Learning pointsDiabetic nephropathy is a progressive kidney disease.Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are currently used to prevent and delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, their effects are not sufficient to prevent a decline in kidney function.Furthermore, combination therapy with an ACE inhibitor and an ARB can produce adverse effects without additional benefits.In the early phase of diabetic nephropathy, administration of Astragalus membranaceus can be a therapeutic option.
Ultraviolet Sensor Based on a Silica Optical Microresonator
Authors: Mehrabani Simin , Harker Audrey , Armani Andrea 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIt is well known that exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light can result in various physical and psychological diseases. Therefore, there is a strong demand for a reliable sensor to monitor UV exposure levels in the physiologically relevant intensity ranges of mW/cm2. Here, we demonstrate a UV sensor based on a silica whispering gallery mode microresonator. This UV sensor works over physiologically relevant intensity ranges with linear performance both in the forward and backward operating directions, with very high signal-to-noise ratio that can be utilized in monitoring the UV exposure for various applications.
Association Rule Mining using Path Systems in Directed Graphs
Authors: Arumugam Subramanian , Sabeen S. 
Published: September 2014

A transaction database (TDB) consists of a set $I$ of items and a multiset $\mathcal{D}$ of nonempty subsets of $I,$ whose elements are called transactions. There are several algorithms for solving the popular and computationally expensive task of association rule mining from a TDB. In this paper we propose a data structure which consists of a directed graph $D$ (loops and multiple arcs are permitted) and a system of directed paths in $D$ to represent a TDB. We give efficient algorithms for generating the data structure, for extracting frequent patterns and for association rule mining. We also propose several graph theoretic parameters which lead to a better understanding of the system.
Design of Congestion Control Scheme for Uncertain Discrete Network Systems
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Yu Chi 
Published: September 2014

For a class of uncertain discrete network systems, a sliding mode control algorithm is presented for active queue management (AQM) in order to solve the problem of congestion control in transmission control protocol (TCP) communication. First, the sliding surface is designed based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. Then, we analyze the mechanism of chattering for the discrete-time exponential approximation law, a modified one is presented and applied to the network systems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller has good stability and robustness with respect to the uncertainties of the number of active TCPsessions, link capacity and the round-trip time.
Characterisation of Mycosphaerella species associated with pink spot on guava in South Africa
Authors: Jacobs Adriaana , Truter Mariette , Schoeman Maritha H. 
Published: September 2014

Pink spot symptoms on guava fruit in the Lowveld region were in the past attributed to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, but recently Mycosphaerella species were suggested to be part of a disease complex, including pink spot symptoms. During routine surveys of guava diseases in the Lowveld area of the Mpumalanga Province in South Africa, Mycosphaerella species were consistently isolated from guava fruit. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was also retrieved, especially from older, bigger lesions. The Mycosphaerella isolates were compared based on their growth characteristics in culture and on DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region, large subunit of the ribosomal DNA as well as the β-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1α gene regions. The phylogenetic analyses indicate that the isolates from the present study represent at least three species not previously reported on guavas. This report is therefore the first report of Mycosphaerella species associated with Psidium guajava in South Africa.
Trace element composition of two wild vegetables in response to soil-applied micronutrients
Authors: Mavengahama Sydney , De Clercq Willem P. , McLachlan Milla 
Published: September 2014

Wild vegetables are an important commodity in the subsistence farming sector. They are considered to be rich in micronutrients and can therefore be used to overcome inadequate nutrition. However, research on micronutrients in wild vegetables remains limited and sporadic. In this study, we evaluated the responses of two wild vegetables – Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus cruentus var. Arusha – to micronutrients added to the soil in comparison with a reference crop, Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla). Swiss chard concentrated significantly (p<0.01) higher amounts of Cu, Zn and Mn in the leaves than did the wild vegetables. Variations in micronutrients among the vegetables were greater for Zn (72–363 mg/kg) and Mn (97.9–285.9 mg/kg) than for Cu (8.8–14 mg/kg). C. olitorius had the least capacity to concentrate Mn and Zn in the leaves. However, C. olitorius concentrated significantly more Fe (327 mg/kg) in the leaves than did A. cruentus (223 mg/kg) or B. vulgaris (295 mg/kg). The mean per cent S concentration in the leaves ranged from 0.26% in C. olitorius to 0.34% in A. cruentus and B. vulgaris. We conclude that the different vegetables had different abilities to concentrate Cu and Zn in the order B. vulgaris > A. cruentus > C. olitorius. These results seem to contradict the belief that wild vegetables have an inherent ability to concentrate mineral micronutrients in their tissues.
A Geomechanical Model for High-Volume, Proppantless, Slickwater Hydraulic Fracturing Operations in the Tight-Gas Sands of the Williams Fork Formation, Piceance Basin, Colorado
Authors: Gorynski K. , Wallace K. , Beer J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
High-volume (&gt;200MBBLS/well), slickwater hydraulic fracturing operations on vertical Williams Fork wells in the Piceance Basin, CO have resulted in &gt;2X increases in initial production rates and estimated ultimate gas recoveries. Here we present a model for the role of increased water-injection volumes in increasing well productivity. Predominantly vertical, east-west striking natural fractures, as indicated by interpreted image logs, are optimally oriented for shear failure with respect to the east-west maximum horizontal stress direction. Borehole breakout modeling of the same image log dataset suggests a large maximum horizontal stress, further critically stressing existing vertical natural fractures. Hydraulic fracturing and leakoff were modeled using commercial modeling platforms to constrain both the 2D hydraulic fracture dimensions as well as changes in reservoir pressure during and after injection. Post and syn-injection reservoir pressure distributions, natural fracture distributions, and stresses were then put into an in-house geomechanical modeling program to determine the magnitude and distribution of shear failures along natural fractures associated with changes in net effective stresses. All models worked in tandem to history match injection rates, injection pressures and microseismic event distributions. Modeling results show that an elevated reservoir pressure due to high injection rates and water volumes during hydraulic fracturing result in the stimulation of more natural fracture orientations over a greater area, thereby increasing the size and permeability of the stimulated reservoir volume. The lack of necessity for proppant in Williams Fork completions suggests that most of the fractures are failing in shear and are self propping, which allow for benefit from reactivated natural fractures that are not hydraulically connected back to the wellbore via propped tensile fractures. Therefore, injection-enhanced stimulations are likely associated with large stress anisotropies and abundant natural fractures that are chiefly oriented subparallel to the maximum horizontal stress azimuth. The ability of the rocks to "self prop" will dictate the magnitude and duration of permeability enhancement. So although only self propping rocks will see long term benefit from the shear failure of natural fractures, this model may still have utility when assessing the early-time productivity of more ductile and compliant reservoirs, which will see a degradation in productivity as the reservoir is drawn down and fractures begin to close.
Maintaining Wellbore Stability and Reducing CLIP Events in the Bakken Shale: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Levy Brett , Williams Heath , Izykowski Tyler , Han Hongxue 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the Upper and Lower Bakken shales, laminated shale structures exhibit variable mechanical properties depending on orientation relative to bedding planes, which can increase the likelihood of cement left-in-pipe events (CLIPs). CLIPs occur when cement fluids are not completely displaced from the casing during placement. These incidents can be costly both in terms of well costs and non-productive time, with rates of approximately 2% of total wells drilled in the Williston basin at a USD 750,000 estimated costs to the operator per incident. Experts in geomechanics, drilling fluids, and well integrity have collaborated to focus on the geomechanical factors associated with drilling the curved section through the Upper and Lower Bakken shales.
A 3-year study of CLIPs and successfully completed offset wells was conducted to assess the roles of numerous contributing factors. Basin geomechanics, drilling practices, cuttings removal, and well cementing practices were evaluated for each of the cases and it has been determined that in-situ shale stresses have the greatest impact on wellbore stability and CLIP occurrence. Construction of Mechanical Earth (MEM) and wellbore stability (WBS) models for a typical Williston well suggests that several geomechanical factors contribute to successful cement placement.
Analysis of Chemical Tracer Flowback in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Salman Ahmad , Kurtoglu Basak , Kazemi Hossein 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Because of the need to quantify hydraulic fracture effectiveness, injection of chemical tracers in unconventional reservoirs has increased in popularity. Typical tracers are oil or water-soluble chemicals, which are injected into the formation along with the fracturing fluids. The tracers should invade a significant portion of the stimulated rock volume (SRV). The tracer backflow could shed light on the effectiveness of the hydraulic fracturing process and the SRV size.
Emulsion tracers and controlled-release tracers are the two tracer types currently used in the industry. This paper presents application, implementation and analysis of tracer flowback in unconventional reservoirs to determine individual stage flow patterns. The tracer flowback response is also of value in assessing the probable effectiveness of various enhanced oil recovery protocols in unconventional reservoirs. We present two field examples from Bakken and Eagle Ford formations to demonstrate the value of information obtained from the interpretation and analyses of tracer flowback.
Zonal Isolation Technology Case History
Authors: Allen Ryan , Carriere Marc , Tapper Nicole , Gradl Christian , Agarwal Saurabh 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Mitchell Energy first unlocked the potential of unconventional shale reservoirs in the Barnett shale through numerous hydraulic fracturing experiments. Fracturing techniques have evolved and led to new shale exploration in North America. The most common completion style in the market is the plug-and-perforate method where composite plugs are spaced into a wellbore to divert the hydraulic fracturing treatment to a specific zone in the reservoir. After each wellbore is thoroughly fractured, coiled tubing or threaded pipe, in tandem with positive displacement motors, is summoned to remove the composite plugs from the wellbore to enable production.
The paper describes the run history of new zonal isolation technology that provides operators with benefits that improve operational efficiency and enable earlier production. The paper will focus on two regions; the Horn River Basin in British Columbia and the Utica Shale in the Northeastern United States. The benefits from the technology include eliminating the need for composite plug removal after the conclusion of all zonal stimulations, and a larger than traditional inside diameter (ID) through which high-rate flowback and production is accommodated. An integral aspect of the technology is the use of disintegrating fracturing balls that rapidly deteriorate after stimulation. By eliminating composite plug removal, operators spend fewer days on location, reducing health, safety, and environmental risks. Because coiled tubing is no longer needed for post-fracture treatment plug drilling, operators can also complete longer lateral wellbores more quickly and economically. In general, operators realize reduced total zonal completion cost and achieve quicker production when compared to traditional plug-and-perforate (PNP) completion methods. As exploitation of unconventional reservoirs grows globally, the technology enables operators more flexibility in designing completions, particularly in remote locations.
Estimating Effective Fracture Volume from Early-time Production Data: A Material Balance Approach
Authors: Adefidipe O. A. , Xu Y. , Dehghanpour H. , Virues C. J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Analysis of early-time production data obtained during the "flowback" period presents the earliest opportunity to characterize a stimulated reservoir volume. Previous publications have developed analytical models/methods to analyze two phase flowback data for fracture characterization. However, there is little understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the early-time gas production in shales and the impact of the completion strategies and fracture design on this early-time gas production.
The objective of this paper is to develop a mathematical model to estimate effective fracture volume and understand the mechanisms responsible for early gas production. The study analyzes comprehensive field data analysis from 2 well pads (26 wells in total) completed in the Horn River shales. Firstly, we develop several diagnostic plots [Production rates, cumulative gas production (Gp) vs. cumulative water production (Wp), GWR vs. time] to identify the early time trends/signatures. Secondly, we conduct a volumetric analysis on the water and gas production data. Finally we introduce a method to estimate effective fracture volume by assuming a two phase tank model for the fracture system.
The GWR plots indicate a V-shape trend dividing the flowback data into two regions: 1) Early Gas Production- EGP 2) Late Gas Production-LGP. Water production dominates during EGP, with a decreasing GWR curve. Production then ‘rolls over’ to the gas dominant phase with a positive GWR slope. There is a strong correlation between WP vs. Gp, which can be approximated by a cubic equation. The instantaneous slope of this curve is used to model the V-shaped trend, allowing the estimation of the transition time to the LGP region. Conventional gas material balance analysis shows that the main drive mechanism during EGP is the expansion of initial free gas in place, indicating a closed system in EGP. Volumetric analysis of flowback data during EGP suggests that the fractures are initially saturated with both gas and water, thus early time gas production is from gas saturation within the hydraulic fractures and pre-existing natural fractures.
Process development for treatment of highly polluted groundwater including NOM and arsenic removal
Authors: Pelivanoski B. , Pirke K. 
Published: September 2014

One of the worst environmental problems facing humanity in regard to contamination in drinking water is arsenic. The World Health Organisation has set a standard 10 μg/l for arsenic in drinking water. Arsenic is a natural element that is present in many regions of the world. The groundwater can be heavily polluted in these areas, and often no other water sources are available. The case study presented here is situated in northern Serbia. The groundwater shows concentrations up to 135 μg/l with an average of 110 μg/l of arsenic. The additional high concentrations of natural organic matter, phosphates, dissolved methane, volatile organic carbon and ammonia boron and sodium further complicate the treatment.
Different treatment technologies have been tested over the past decades but proved either inefficient or not economical. The pilot testing period started in September 2012 and ended in August 2013. The most stable and economical process was then further optimized and adjusted. The process comprises multiple treatment stages including stripping, precipitation, bio-filtration and two stages ion-exchange as well as partial reverse osmoses.
The process design guaranteed outflow values defined according to the European directive 98/83/EC.
Audit Committee Stock Options and Financial Reporting Quality after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Authors: Campbell John L. , Hansen James , Simon Chad A. , Smith Jason L. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARY
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and its associated regulations significantly expanded the oversight role of audit committees and improved independence, but regulators bypassed restrictions on audit committee equity incentives. We examine the association of audit committee members' equity incentives and financial reporting quality in the post-SOX time period. We find that audit committee members' stock-option awards and holdings are positively associated with the likelihood of meeting/beating analyst earnings forecasts. On average, a company whose audit committee holds the mean value of exercisable option holdings is associated with a 10.0 percent increase in the likelihood of meeting or just beating its consensus analyst forecast. This effect increases to 17.8 percent for companies with high-growth opportunities. These results suggest that—even in the post-SOX era—the stock-option incentives provided to independent audit committee members are associated with reduced financial reporting quality.
JEL Classifications: M41, M42
Efficacy and safety of a modified-live cyprinid herpesvirus 3 vaccine in koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) for prevention of koi herpesvirus disease
Authors: Weber E. P. Scott , Malm Kirsten V. , Yun Susan C. , Campbell Lori A. , Kass Philip H. , Marty Gary D. , Salonius Kira , Dishon Arnon 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Objective—To investigate safety and efficacy of a cyprinid herpesvirus type 3 (CyHV3) modified-live virus vaccine for the prevention of koi herpesvirus disease (KHVd).
Animals—420 healthy koi (Cyprinus carpio koi).
Procedures—Fish were vaccinated with a 1× dose or 10× overdose of CyHV3 modified-live virus vaccine or a placebo through bath exposure in tanks at 22°C. Horizontal transmission of vaccine virus was evaluated by commingling unvaccinated and vaccinated fish. Efficacy was evaluated by challenge exposure of vaccinated and naïve fish to a wild-type virus. Fish that died were submitted for quantitative PCR assay for CyHV3 and histologic evaluation.
Results—The CyHV3 vaccine was safe and efficacious, even at a 10× overdose. Vaccine-associated mortality rate was inversely associated with body weight, with a cumulative mortality rate of 9.4% (18/192) in fish weighing ≤ 87 g and no deaths in fish weighing > 87 g (0/48). Horizontal transfer of vaccine virus from vaccinates to naïve fish was negligible. For efficacy, the vaccine provided a significant reduction in mortality rate after challenge exposure to a wild-type virus, with a prevented fraction of 0.83 versus the placebo control fish.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—KHVd is highly contagious and commonly leads to deaths in 80% to 100% of exposed fish, representing a major threat to koi and common carp populations throughout the world. The CyHV3 modified-live virus vaccine had a favorable safety profile and was an effective vaccine for the control of KHVd in koi weighing > 87 g.
The Company Director’s Liability for Untrue Statements
Authors: Tolstov Leonid , Lahe Janno 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the modern information society the success or failure of a person participating in activities related to legal issues depends increasingly more on the relevance and correctness of available information and this is why higher demands are put on giving out information. In the context of company law it is evident that although the company is always liable for the information issued, in reality it is not the legal person giving out information, but its legal representative (the director) instead. Therefore, it would be reasonable to ask whether the director could simply hide behind the company; or, should the director also be held personally liable for disclosing untrue statements? The aim of this article is, on the basis of English, German, Spanish and Estonian law, to analyze if and in which cases a director can be held personally liable for disclosing false information to a third party in the name of a company and what the optimal standard of a directors’ liability for disclosing false information could be. The liability of the company itself is not the current article’s object of the research.