bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Do you remember the first time?’ Host plant preference in a moth is modulated by experiences during larval feeding and adult mating
Authors: Proffit Magali , Khallaf Mohammed A. , Carrasco David , Larsson Mattias C. , Anderson Peter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn insects, like in other animals, experience‐based modulation of preference, a form of phenotypic plasticity, is common in heterogeneous environments. However, the role of multiple fitness‐relevant experiences on insect preference remains largely unexplored. For the multivoltine polyphagous moth Spodoptera littoralis we investigated effects of larval and adult experiences on subsequent reproductive behaviours. We demonstrate, for the first time in male and female insects, that mating experience on a plant modulates plant preference in subsequent reproductive behaviours, whereas exposure to the plant alone or plant together with sex pheromone does not affect this preference. When including larval feeding experiences, we found that both larval rearing and adult mating experiences modulate host plant preference. These findings represent the first evidence that host plant preferences in polyphagous insects are determined by a combination of innate preferences modulated by sensory feedback triggered by multiple rewarding experiences throughout their lifetime.
Incidence of pulmonary embolism: a comparison of two Australian hospitals
Authors: Shiraev T. P. , Omari A. , Rushworth R. L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this retrospective observational study, we noted that there were significantly more admissions at the public than the private hospital due to both a principal (1.87 vs 0.83 per 1000, P < 0.001) and secondary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) (3.10 vs 2.01 per 1000, P = 0.002), with no difference in mortality. There was a highly significant increase in secondary PE diagnoses at the private hospital (R2 = 0.68, β = 0.14, P = 0.003) over the study period. Despite disparate rates of PE between the two hospitals, there was no difference in mortality, suggesting there may be an element of overdiagnosis.
An integrative review of facilitators and barriers influencing collaboration and teamwork between general practitioners and nurses working in general practice
Authors: McInnes Susan , Peters Kath , Bonney Andrew , Halcomb Elizabeth 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimTo identify facilitators and barriers influencing collaboration and teamwork between general practitioners and nurses working in general (family) practice.BackgroundInternationally, a shortage of doctors entering and remaining in general practice and an increasing burden of chronic disease has diversified the nurse's role in this setting. Despite a well‐established general practice nursing workforce, little attention has been paid to the ways doctors and nurses collaborate in this setting.DesignIntegrative literature review.Data sourcesCINAHL, Scopus, Web of Life, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute Library of Systematic Reviews and Trove (dissertation and theses) were searched for papers published between 2000 and May 2014.Review methodsThis review was informed by the approach of Whittemore and Knafl (2005). All included papers were assessed for methodological quality. Findings were extracted, critically examined and grouped into themes.ResultsEleven papers met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis revealed three themes common to the facilitators of and barriers to collaboration and teamwork between GPs in general practice: (1) roles and responsibilities; (2) respect, trust and communication; and (3) hierarchy, education and liability.ConclusionThis integrative review has provided insight into issues around role definition, communication and organizational constraints which influence the way nurses and general practitioners collaborate in a team environment. Future research should investigate in more detail the ways doctors and nurses work together in general practice and the impact of collaboration on nursing leadership and staff retention.
Systemic antihistamines – a common outside the guidelines therapeutic strategy in hand eczema management
Authors: Jankowska‐Konsur A. , Reich A. , Szepietowski J.C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundHand eczema (HE) is the most common skin disease affecting hands. Although the current treatment guidelines do not recommend use of systemic antihistamines as routine therapy, they seem to be widely used by physicians handling with this problem.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the attitude to prescribe systemic antihistamines in HE.Material and methodsA 10‐item questionnaire was distributed among physicians participating in regional dermatological conferences. 127 valid questionnaires were analysed.ResultsA total of 127 physicians participated in the survey. 124 (97.6%) responders prescribe antihistamines in HE and 16 (12.6%) subjects declared routine use of oral antihistamines in the HE management. Significantly more dermatologists than other specialists used antihistamines in the treatment of HE accompanying atopic dermatitis (77.8% vs. 54.5%, P < 0.01) and dermatologists significantly more commonly used antihistamines in HE due to their anti‐inflammatory properties (40.3% vs. 20.0%, P = 0.02). Regarding the type of eczema, antihistamines were prescribed most frequently in acute allergic HE (n = 92, 72.4%) and in HE accompanying atopic dermatitis (n = 86, 67.7%).ConclusionsDespite the lack of the large, randomized, controlled studies on the effectiveness of the systemic antihistamines in the treatment of HE, this type of therapy seems to be prevalently used among the physicians.
Coordinated School Health and the Contribution of a District Wellness Coordinator
Authors: Westrich Lisa , Sanchez Monika , Strobel Karen 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDA San Francisco Bay Area school health initiative was established in fall 2010 to improve wellness programs in 4 local school districts using the Coordinated School Health (CSH) model. This study examines the role of district‐wide wellness coordinators and the ways in which they contribute to intentional coordination of health and wellness programs and activities in their school districts.METHODSThis study included 8 schools across 4 school districts. Researchers conducted semistructured interviews and focus groups with district and school staff, students, parents, wellness committee members, and wellness coordinators in 2012 to examine a range of perspectives about the coordination of school health and wellness.RESULTSDistrict wellness coordinators' efforts were linked to an increase in (1) awareness of health and wellness, (2) integration of wellness activities within and across schools and districts, and (3) leveraged resources.CONCLUSIONSWellness coordinators are critical to successful CSH efforts. Through intentional and strategic collaboration with key stakeholders, wellness coordinators advance CSH goals of integrating health and wellness programs within and across school districts, reaching more students equitably and leveraging resources.
Food‐Based Science Curriculum Yields Gains in Nutrition Knowledge
Authors: Carraway‐Stage Virginia , Hovland Jana , Showers Carissa , Díaz Sebastián , Duffrin Melani W. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDStudents may be receiving less than an average of 4 hours of nutrition instruction per year. Integrating nutrition with other subject areas such as science may increase exposure to nutrition education, while supporting existing academics.METHODSDuring the 2009‐2010 school year, researchers implemented the Food, Math, and Science Teaching Enhancement Resource (FoodMASTER) Intermediate (FMI) curriculum in 18 fourth‐grade classrooms, whereas 16 classrooms served as comparison. FMI is a hands‐on, integrative curriculum for children in grades 3‐5 that uses food as a tool to teach mathematics and science. Researchers developed a 28‐item multiple‐choice questionnaire to assess students' nutrition knowledge in 6 content areas. Students were evaluated at baseline and post‐intervention. Data were analyzed using independent t tests. Analysis of covariance was employed to control for differences at baseline when assessing the effectiveness of the FMI curriculum to increase nutrition knowledge.RESULTSA significant improvement was observed in total nutrition knowledge at post‐intervention (adjusting for baseline) between groups (F [1] = 128.95; p < .01) and in all content areas post‐intervention.CONCLUSIONSFindings from this study suggest teachers were successfully able to integrate science and nutrition to meet multiple academic standards. More specifically, results showed implementation of the integrative FMI curriculum effectively improved fourth‐graders' nutrition knowledge compared with students not exposed to FMI.
A population‐based cost description study of oral treatment of hospitalized Western Australian children aged younger than 15 years
Authors: Alsharif Alla Talal , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to analyze the economic cost of a decade of dental hospital admissions in Western Australian children under the age of 15 years and to identify socio‐demographic characteristics associated with these costs.MethodsThis study analyzed the cost of 43,937 child patients under the age of 15 years hospitalized for an oral health–related condition, as determined by principal diagnosis International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10AM). The Australian Refine Diagnosis Related Group version 5.1 was used to calculate the direct cost. An analysis of costs was broken down by socioeconomic status, primary place of residency, age, gender, insurance status, and Indigenous status.ResultsThe total DRG cost of these admissions was approximately AUS$92 million million over 10 years. Most of these funds went toward treating “Dental caries” and “Embedded and impaction” conditions of children under the age of 15 years. Approximately 95 percent of the total cost of hospitalization for oral conditions, over the last decade, accounted for non‐Indigenous children. Since 2000, the direct cost of child hospitalization for oral‐related conditions has increased to reach $13 million AUD in 2009.ConclusionsThis study identified the substantial economic burden of child oral‐related hospitalizations that emphasizes the importance of preventing costly inpatient treatments.
Effects of exercise training on carbohydrate and lipid catabolism in the swimming muscles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Li D. , Wei X. L. , Lin X. T. , Xu Z. N. , Mu X. P. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis study aims to determine the effects of exercise training on carbohydrate and lipid catabolism in the swimming muscles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by measuring the levels of related enzymes, lipids and free fatty acids. We designed one control group and two training groups of fish that were exercised at different training intensities [0, 1 and 1.5 body lengths per second (bl/s)]. The fish in the experimental groups were trained for 12 h/day for 4 weeks. Compared with the control group, the 1 and 1.5 bl/s groups showed significantly increased hexokinase and pyruvate kinase activities in red muscle (p < 0.05). In white muscle, pyruvate kinase activity was significantly higher in the 1.5 bl/s group than in the control group (p < 0.05), and hexokinase activity did not significantly differ between the groups. The activities of hormone‐sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in both muscle types were significantly lower in the training groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). The plasma‐free fatty acid level decreased (p < 0.05), while the lipid percentages increased in red muscle (p < 0.05) after exercise training. These findings clearly indicated that with exercise training, glycolysis increased and lipid oxidation decreased in the swimming muscle of tilapia.
Women Writers, Nineteenth Century Nursery Rhyme and Lyric Innovation
Authors: Gregory Melissa Valiska 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFrom “Twinkle Twinkle, Little Star” to “Mary Had a Little Lamb”, some of the most recognizable children's verse in the English language was written by nineteenth century women poets. A close look at this tradition of original nursery rhyme reveals that it is surprisingly experimental and that it enhances our understanding of the ways in which women writers from this period negotiated the relations between gender, genre and authorship. Indeed, children's verse constitutes important evidence of a tradition of generic innovation and lyric experimentation by women writers, who use juvenile poetry to expand the formal potential of the lyric, adapting the conventions of oral verse to develop a new poetic voice for women. More specifically, women writers of juvenile verse develop a lyric voice capable of expressing the complexities of one of the central aspects of nineteenth century female experience: motherhood. The tradition of original nursery rhyme is dominated by mothers. This is not to say that all women who wrote children's verse were literally mothers but that children's poetry from this period has both a maternal context – women reading to preliterate children – and is voiced by maternal speakers. Through an examination of the collaborative Romantic‐era poets Ann and Jane Taylor and the American poet Eliza Lee Follen, the maternal speaker emerges as of central importance to women's poetry. Not only do women writers use maternal speakers to authorize their entry into the commercial literary marketplace, but these writers also use various aspects of maternal experience, including voice and sound, to push the boundaries of the lyric.
Shakespeare's Feet: Puns, Metre, Meaning
Authors: Stagg Robert 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis essay attempts to explain one ofShakespeare'sstrangeststage directions, at the end ofCoriolanus. To do so, it looks at one ofShakespeare'smost‐usedpuns: the way a ‘foot’ can be an anatomicalfootor a prosodicfoot. InShakespeare'swriting, thispunningrelationship between anatomical and prosodicfeetspeeds or slowsverse, characterises personages like Iago, and even rescues poetry from the ravages of time. The reason, it transpires, thispunworks so well inShakespeare'swriting is that it speaks to the ways in whichmetreoperates in a manner akin topun: prising multiple interpretations from words in order to prize them.
Genetic rescue of small inbred populations: meta‐analysis reveals large and consistent benefits of gene flow
Authors: Frankham Richard 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMany species have fragmented distribution with small isolated populations suffering inbreeding depression and/or reduced ability to evolve. Without gene flow from another population within the species (genetic rescue), these populations are likely to be extirpated. However, there have been only ~ 20 published cases of such outcrossing for conservation purposes, probably a very low proportion of populations that would potentially benefit. As one impediment to genetic rescues is the lack of an overview of the magnitude and consistency of genetic rescue effects in wild species, I carried out a meta‐analysis. Outcrossing of inbred populations resulted in beneficial effects in 92.9% of 156 cases screened as having a low risk of outbreeding depression. The median increase in composite fitness (combined fecundity and survival) following outcrossing was 148% in stressful environments and 45% in benign ones. Fitness benefits also increased significantly with maternal ΔF (reduction in inbreeding coefficient due to gene flow) and for naturally outbreeding versus inbreeding species. However, benefits did not differ significantly among invertebrates, vertebrates and plants. Evolutionary potential for fitness characters in inbred populations also benefited from gene flow. There are no scientific impediments to the widespread use of outcrossing to genetically rescue inbred populations of naturally outbreeding species, provided potential crosses have a low risk of outbreeding depression. I provide revised guidelines for the management of genetic rescue attempts.
Blood Oxygen Saturation After Ischemia is Altered With Abnormal Microvascular Reperfusion
Authors: Adingupu Damilola D. , Thorn Clare E. , Casanova Francesco , Elyas Salim , Gooding Kim , Gilchrist Mark , Aizawa Kunihiko , Gates Phillip E. , Shore Angela C. , Strain David W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe have previously described a distinct abnormality in the cutaneous microcirculation that is characterized by an abnormal reperfusion response following an ischemic stimulus. We investigated the physiological significance of this abnormality; by measuring microvascular perfusion and blood oxygen saturation in groups stratified by three distinct reperfusion responses.MethodsCutaneous microvascular reperfusion after four minutes of arterial occlusion above the ankle was measured on the foot using laser Doppler fluximetry and optical reflectance spectroscopy in almost 400 adults. Individuals were stratified into three groups according to the microvascular reperfusion response: normal and two abnormal patterns (DEP and NDEP).ResultsOur main findings were that abnormal microvascular reperfusion responses (DEP and NDEP) had a higher baseline oxygen saturation (p = 0.005), a lower plateau in oxygen saturation (p < 0.0001 and <0.0001, respectively), lower oxygen saturation area under the curve (p < 0.0001 and <0.0001), a longer time to reach oxygen saturation plateau (p = 0.002 and 0.001), and a longer time to initiate an increase in oxygen saturation (p = 0.007 and 0.001) compared to normal. Differences remained after adjustment for confounding variables.ConclusionsIndividuals with abnormal microvascular reperfusion had a markedly altered pattern of oxygen increase during reperfusion. We propose that this may represent dysfunctional microvascular autoregulation that is clinically important in the etiopathology of target organ damage.
A Partnership Development Process Assessment Scale for Public Health Nurses in Japan
Authors: Shigematsu Yukako , Hatano Yoko , Kimura Hitoe 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop and test a Partnership Development Process Assessment (PDPA) scale for content and construct validity and internal consistency reliability. This is needed to document and evaluate community health partnership development processes between public health nurses and community‐based organizations in Japan.DesignThe study was conducted in three phases. Ten semi‐structured interviews were conducted to generate items for a new scale. Thirty items were generated and reviewed by an expert panel for content validity and item refinement. A national postal survey of public health nurses was conducted to determine the scale's internal structure, evaluate its reliability, and explore its construct and criterion validity.MeasuresValidity and reliability testing of the PDPA scale using a content validity index and analysis of correlations with an existing scale were performed.ResultsTwenty‐six items were selected and grouped into four factors: activities to share roles to manage community health issues, platform activities to support partnerships, activities to evaluate partnership practices, and activities to share information regarding community health issues. After factor analysis, 23 items were retained.ConclusionThe PDPA scale is a valid and reliable instrument for public health nurses to assess partnership development activities.
Creating, Synthesizing, and Sharing: The Management of Knowledge in Public Health
Authors: Sibbald Shannon L. , Kothari Anita 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo better understand the applicability of knowledge management (KM) in public health (PH) as a strategy to improve planning and decision making.Design and SampleThe study was designed as a narrative inquiry; a form of storytelling research. Qualitative data were collected through interviews designed to gain participants’ stories about planning processes. Twenty‐four participants from six PH Units in Ontario, Canada.MeasuresWe performed a secondary analysis to better understand the use of KM strategies, techniques, and approaches. Findings were compared to a preliminary KM framework supporting knowledge processes within a dynamic, interactive context.ResultsAnalysis showed that while KM strategies are supported informally, it is most often done in an ad hoc manner. Participants acknowledged a gap in their knowledge sharing practices.ConclusionPH professionals are ready to apply KM in PH as an approach to facilitate planning and decision making. The proposed KM framework incorporates partnerships to adapt to the realities of PH context. Consideration of KM strategies can improve information organization, partnerships and decision making, as well as contribute to current PH reforms aimed at strengthening the health care system. This presents an opportunity to integrate formalized methods of knowledge use and knowledge sharing among PH employees using a KM approach.
Improving Physical Activity in Hispanics with Diabetes and their Families
Authors: Hu Jie , Wallace Debra C. , Amirehsani Karen A. , McCoy Thomas P. , Coley Sheryl L. , Wiseman Kimberly D. , Silva Zulema A. , Hussami Christina R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined changes in physical activity among Hispanics with diabetes and their families who received an 8‐week diabetes self‐management intervention.DesignA quasi‐experimental design was used to conduct a secondary analysis of physical activity data from two intervention studies that used the same protocols and measures.SampleA total of 65 patients and 66 family members participated in the studies.MeasuresPhysical activity was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and pedometers. Self‐report of physical activity was collected pre‐ and postintervention, and pedometer data for the 8 weeks of the intervention period.InterventionThe interventions consisted of 8 weeks of educational sessions.ResultsIPAQ walking Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)‐minutes per week significantly increased for patients (p < .001) and family members (p < .001) from pre‐ to postintervention as did moderate activity MET‐minutes/week for family members (p = .004). Based on pedometer steps, the percentage of sedentary patients declined from 38% to 17% over the intervention record; differences in pedometer steps over time were not significant for patients (p = .803) or family members (p = .144).ConclusionsPedometers are a cost effective and user‐friendly method of measuring physical activity. Pedometers can also serve as a motivator to help increase physical activity among Hispanics with diabetes and their family members.