bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Antibiotics and Risk of Serious Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Lee Erika Y. , Gomes Tara , Drucker Aaron M. , Daneman Nick , Asaf Ayesha , Wu Fangyun , Piguet Vincent , Juurlink David N. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceSerious cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) are potentially life-threatening drug hypersensitivity reactions involving the skin and internal organs. Antibiotics are a recognized cause of these reactions, but no studies have compared relative risks across antibiotic classes.ObjectivesTo explore the risk of serious cADRs associated with commonly prescribed oral antibiotics, and to characterize outcomes of patients hospitalized for them.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsNested case-control study using population-based linked administrative datasets among adults aged 66 years or older who received at least 1 oral antibiotic between 2002 and 2022 in Ontario, Canada. Cases were those who had an emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization for serious cADRs within 60 days of the prescription, and each case was matched with up to 4 controls who did not.ExposureVarious classes of oral antibiotics.Main Outcomes and MeasuresConditional logistic regression estimate of the association between different classes of oral antibiotics and serious cADRs, using macrolides as the reference group.ResultsDuring the 20-year study period, we identified 21 758 older adults (median age, 75 years; 64.1% female) who had an ED visit or hospitalization for serious cADRs following antibiotic therapy and 87 025 matched controls who did not. In the primary analysis, sulfonamide antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.9; 95% CI, 2.7-3.1) and cephalosporins (aOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.5-2.8) were most strongly associated with serious cADRs relative to macrolides. Additional associations were evident with nitrofurantoin (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 2.1-2.4), penicillins (aOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.5), and fluoroquinolones (aOR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.4). The crude rate of ED visits or hospitalization for cADRs was highest for cephalosporins (4.92 per 1000 prescriptions; 95% CI, 4.86-4.99) and sulfonamide antibiotics (3.22 per 1000 prescriptions; 95% CI, 3.15-3.28). Among the 2852 case patients hospitalized for cADRs, the median length of stay was 6 days (IQR, 3-13 days), 9.6% required transfer to a critical care unit, and 5.3% died in the hospital.Conclusion and RelevanceCommonly prescribed oral antibiotics are associated with an increased risk of serious cADRs compared with macrolides, with sulfonamides and cephalosporins carrying the highest risk. Prescribers should preferentially use lower-risk antibiotics when clinically appropriate.
Self-Harm and Suicide Rates Before and After an Early Intervention Program for Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Chai Yi , Tang Jennifer Yee-Man , Ma Dennis Chak Fai , Luo Hao , Chan Sherry Kit Wa 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceEvidence on the association of early intervention services (EISs) with self-harm and suicide among patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) at older than 25 years is lacking.ObjectiveTo examine changes in self-harm and suicide rates among patients with FES before and after the implementation of an EIS program.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study conducted among 37 040 patients aged 15 to 64 years with FES between January 1, 2001, and March 31, 2020, used electronic medical records from the Hong Kong Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System. All patients were followed up from the first diagnosis of schizophrenia (the index date) until the date of their death or the end of the study period (March 31, 2021), whichever came first. Statistical analysis was performed from July to November 2023.ExposureThe EIS extended the Early Assessment Service for Young People With Early Psychosis (EASY) program from patients aged 15 to 25 years to those aged 15 to 64 years (EASY Plus). The exposure was the implementation of the EASY Plus program in April 2011. The exposure period was defined as between April 2012 and March 2021 for the 1-year-time-lag analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcomes were monthly rates of self-harm and suicide among patients with FES before and after the implementation of the EASY Plus program. Interrupted time series analysis was used for the main analysis.ResultsThis study included 37 040 patients with FES (mean [SD] age at onset, 39 [12] years; 82.6% older than 25 years; 53.0% female patients). The 1-year-time-lag analysis found an immediate decrease in self-harm rates among patients aged 26 to 44 years (rate ratio [RR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.59-1.00]) and 45 to 64 years (RR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.49-1.00]) and among male patients (RR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.56-0.91]). A significant long-term decrease in self-harm rates was found for all patients with FES (patients aged 15-25 years: RR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97-1.00]; patients aged 26-44 years: RR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97-0.99]; patients aged 45-64 years: RR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.96-0.98]). Suicide rates decreased immediately after the implementation of the EASY Plus program among patients aged 15 to 25 years (RR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.14-0.77]) and 26 to 44 years (RR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.20-0.73]). Compared with the counterfactual scenario, the EASY Plus program might have led to 6302 fewer self-harm episodes among patients aged 26 to 44 years.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of the EASY Plus program suggests that the extended EIS was associated with reduced self-harm and suicide rates among all patients with FES, including those older than 25 years. These findings emphasize the importance of developing tailored interventions for patients across all age ranges to maximize the benefits of EISs.
Cryopreservation of Immune Cells: Recent Progress and Challenges Ahead
Authors: Qi Kejun , Jia Danqi , Zhou Shengxi , Zhang Kun , Guan Fangxia , Yao Minghao , Sui Xiaojie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCryopreservation of immune cells is considered as a key enabling technology for adoptive cellular immunotherapy. However, current immune cell cryopreservation technologies face the challenges with poor biocompatibility of cryoprotection materials, low efficiency, and impaired post‐thaw function, limiting their clinical translation. This review briefly introduces the adoptive cellular immunotherapy and the approved immune cell‐based products, which involve T cells, natural killer cells and etc. The cryodamage mechanisms to these immune cells during cryopreservation process are described, including ice formation related mechanical and osmotic injuries, cryoprotectant induced toxic injuries, and other biochemical injuries. Meanwhile, the recent advances in the cryopreservation medium and freeze‐thaw protocol for several representative immune cell type are summarized. Furthermore, the remaining challenges regarding on the cryoprotection materials, freeze‐thaw protocol, and post‐thaw functionality evaluation of current cryopreservation technologies are discussed. Finally, the future perspectives are proposed toward advancing highly efficient cryopreservation of immune cells.
Upgraded Structure and Application of Coal‐Based Graphitic Carbons Through Flash Joule Heating
Authors: Zhu Sheng , Guan Chong , Wu Yating , Ni Jiangfeng , Han Gaoyi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFacilitating the transition and new application of fossil energy sources are crucial to attaining carbon neutrality. Conversion of coals into graphitic carbons represents an effective route to achieve their high‐value utilization, while this process always involves corrosive/toxic chemical reagents and time‐intensive heating treatment. Here, this work reports a green, rapid, and efficient flash Joule heating (FJH) technique to produce high‐quality carbons from diverse coals within 1 s. The surface groups, defects, and graphitization degree of the resultant carbon materials are controlled during the instantaneous thermal shock process, and the relationships between the coal structures and the product properties are established. The results suggest that the anthracite with high coalification degree tends to form highly graphitic carbons at a peak temperature of ≈3300 K, presenting higher rate capability (79.1% capacity retention at 30 A g–1) and low relaxation time constant (τ0 = 0.27 s) toward capacitive energy storage. Besides, the flash carbon materials derived from lignite and bituminous coal with low coal rank show better capacitive performance with capacity above 80 F g–1 at 1 A g–1. This study evidences that the FJH technology holds great potential to steer coals into valuable carbon materials.
Planar Expansion Enhances Horizontal Orientation of Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitter Toward Highly Efficient Narrowband Blue OLEDs
Authors: Xue Zhuixing , Chen Guohao , Chen Zhanxiang , Luo Wenbo , Li Nengquan , Huang Zhongyan , Yang Chuluo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMulti‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials are of vital importance for ultra‐high‐definition displays. However, developing molecular design tactics for blue MR‐TADF emitters that simultaneously achieve good TADF properties, narrowband emission, and ideal molecular orientation remains challenging. Here, an effective approach to enhance the electroluminescent (EL) performance of MR‐TADF emitter by enlarging the molecular planar through a peripheral decoration strategy is presented. The resulting proof‐of‐concept emitter, 3QCzBN, not only exhibits a blue emission with a narrow full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 22 nm, but also a remarkable photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) of 98%. Together with the accelerated reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) processes and nearly perfect horizontal ratios of emitting dipole orientation (Θ//) of 98% compared to its parent MR molecule, the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on 3QCzBN demonstrate blue emission with good color purity and an outstanding maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 34.8% with low efficiency roll‐off.
Asymmetric Coordination of Heterogeneous Fe‐Se Dual‐atom Sites Boosts CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Li Zhao , Zhu Zhaozhao , Wang Junjie , Lin Yingxi , Li Wei , Chen Yuanming , Niu Xiaobin , Qi Xueqiang , Wang John , Chen Jun Song , Wu Rui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDual‐atom catalysts (DACs) with two adjacent atomic centers can operate together, offering complementary or synergistic effects or both, outperforming single‐atom catalysts (SACs). However, their rational design and precise synthesis remain significant challenges. Herein, atomically dispersed Fe and Se dual atomic sites are reported with asymmetric coordination supported on porous nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofibers (Fe/Se─N─C), engineered for highly efficient CO2 electroreduction. The asymmetrically coordinated catalyst achieves an impressive CO Faradaic efficiency of 95.6% at −0.45 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. When assembled in a gas diffusion electrode, Fe/Se─N─C exhibits an exceptionally high CO partial current density of 272 mA cm‒2 in flow‐cell. Furthermore, Fe/Se─N─C‐based membrane electrode assembly (MEA) presents a remarkable 99% faradaic efficiency for CO2‐to‐CO conversion at an industrial‐level current density of 250 mA cm−2. Both in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations prove that the electronic hybridization effect induced by asymmetrically coordinated Fe‐Se dual sites effectively regulates the adsorption/desorption kinetic process of key intermediates on the active centers, breaks the linear scaling relationship between COOH* and CO* intermediates, and enhances the activation of CO2 and the desorption of CO.
Potential Water Collection From Air by Chloride Perovskites
Authors: Ren Lizhi , Cao Jinguo , Liu Siwen , Jin Bowen , Song Xin , Zong Huiyi , Qian Jin , Wang Shimin , Yang Dong , Wang Kai , Wu Congcong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDirectly capturing water from the air has become a compelling strategy to secure water resources. Yet, challenges persist with sorption‐based hygroscopic materials, such as inadequate water adsorption efficiency, material degradation post‐adsorption, and the need for energy input during water collection. This study introduces an alternative category of sorbent materials potentially for atmospheric water harvesting—metal chloride perovskites—that exhibit spontaneous water vapor adsorption and liquid water collection. This water uptake capability stems from the uncoordinated polar ions that form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, while the cubic lattice imparts a solid framework ensuring structural stability and inhibiting hydrolysis. The methylammonium lead chloride perovskite pellets exhibit efficient water collection performance, with a record absorption rate of 0.841 L m−2 h−1 and a total water collection of 3.675 L m−2 within a 7‐h cycle. This initiative attempts to provide a new material class candidate for the potential application of passive atmospheric water harvesting.
Rational Modulation of Interface Microenvironment and Design of the Flow Electrolyzer for COx Electroreduction to Alcohol
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Peng Xianyun , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Zhang Qinghua , Lu Jianguo , Lei Lecheng , Hou Yang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe electrocatalytic reduction of COx (including CO2 and CO) into value‐added fuels and chemicals, particularly multi‐carbon (C2+) alcohols, presents a significant opportunity to close the manmade carbon cycle and support sustainable energy systems. The catalytic performance of electrochemical reduction reactions of CO2 and CO (COxRR) is strongly correlated with the local microenvironments, the flow electrolyzer, and the catalysis approaches with flow electrolyzers, which contribute to the kinetic and thermodynamic landscape of the reaction, ultimately determining the efficiency and selectivity of the COxRR toward desired reduction products. However, controllable microenvironment construction, rationally designed flow electrolyzers, and matchable flow electrolyzers derived catalysis approaches chosen for improving COxRR‐to‐alcohol performance still face challenges. Building upon the foundation laid by previous research, this review article will provide an in‐depth summary of the regulation of the catalytic reaction interface microenvironment, the design of flow electrolyzers, and the development of derived stepwise catalysis approaches with the flow electrolyzers, which provide a comprehensive and strategic approach to enhancing the COxRR process for alcohol production, offering valuable insights and innovative solutions that can significantly impact the field of COxRR conversion to alcohol and contribute to the development of more sustainable chemical production methods.
Magneto‐Optical Bi‐Substituted Yttrium and Terbium Iron Garnets for On‐Chip Crystallization via Microheaters
Authors: Hayashi Kensuke , Dao Khoi Phuong , Gross Miela J. , Ranno Luigi , Sia Jia Xu Brian , Fakhrul Takian , Du Qingyang , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Hu Juejun , Ross Caroline A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFerrimagnetic iron garnets enable magnetic and magneto‐optical functionality in silicon photonics and electronics. However, garnets require high‐temperature processing for crystallization which can degrade other devices on the wafer. Here bismuth‐substituted yttrium and terbium iron garnet (Bi‐YIG and Bi‐TbIG) films are demonstrated with good magneto‐optical performance and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) crystallized by a microheater built on a Si chip or by rapid thermal annealing. The Bi‐TbIG film crystallizes on Si at 873 K without a seed layer and exhibits good magneto‐optical properties with Faraday rotation (FR) of −1700 deg cm−1. The Bi‐YIG film also crystallizes on Si and fused SiO2 at 873 K without a seed layer. Rapidly cooled films exhibit PMA due to the tensile stress caused by the thermal expansion mismatch with the substrates, increasing the magnetoelastic anisotropy by 4 kJ m−3 versus slow‐cooled films. Annealing in the air for 15 s using the microheater yields fully crystallized Bi‐TbIG on the Si chip.
Anisotropic Third Harmonic Generation in 2D Tin Sulfide
Authors: Maragkakis George Miltos , Psilodimitrakopoulos Sotiris , Mouchliadis Leonidas , Sarkar Abdus Salam , Lemonis Andreas , Kioseoglou George , Stratakis Emmanuel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe in‐plane anisotropic properties of 2D group IV monochalcogenides offer an additional degree of freedom which can be advantageous in optoelectronic applications. Here, it is demonstrated that the third harmonic generation (THG) produced by ultrathin tin (II) sulfide (SnS) is in‐plane anisotropic with respect to the direction of the excitation linear polarization. The polarization‐resolved THG (P‐THG) measurements are described with a nonlinear optics model, which accounts for the orthorhombic crystal structure of the 2D SnS. The relative magnitudes of the χ(3) tensor components are calculated by recording and simultaneously fitting two orthogonal polarization components of the P‐THG signals. Furthermore, the “THG anisotropy ratio” is introduced, which compares the THG intensity produced when the excitation linear polarization is along the armchair crystallographic direction, with the case when it is along the zigzag direction. The experimental findings provide quantitative information on the anisotropic nature of the THG process in various SnS flakes. Nonlinear anisotropic 2D materials can be used in future optoelectronic devices, where anisotropic polarization sensitivity is required. Having an optical tool that quantitatively probes the effect of the in‐plane anisotropy among different 2D materials, could be of considerable importance for evaluating the performance of such materials and devices.
Light‐Induced Iodine‐Catalyzed Dealkylative Synthesis of Enaminones
Authors: Zhao Mingming , Wang Luyao , Zhou Yufeng , Guo Fenke , Yang Tao , Xiong Heng‐Ying , Wang Teng , Zhang Guangwu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLight mediated iodine‐catalyzed synthesis of enaminones through C−N bond cleavage has been described. In addition to substituted ynones, diverse substituted acyclic tertiary amines, and cyclic tertiary amines were also reactive under standard conditions. Selected transformations of the coupling adduct demonstrated the latent utility of this protocol. Preliminary mechanistic studies were also conducted.
Enzymatic Dimerization of Fungal Natural Products Through Intermolecular Disulfide Bridges
Authors: Limwachiranon Jarukitt , Xu Fan , Xu Li‐Ru , Xiong Zhen‐Zhen , Han Yi , Guo Yao‐Jie , Zhang Nan , Scharf Daniel H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe biosynthetic pathway for the production of natural products from various species often include a dimerization step which increases the structural variability and range of biological activities. These dimerization reactions are highly interesting for biocatalytic applications. Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) are an important class of natural products whose potent bioactivities rely on disulfide bridges. ETPs often carry a transannular disulfide bridge and can be linked through C−C and C−N bonds to form dimers. In this study, we shed light on the mechanism of disulfide formation in the case of the dimeric vertihemiptellides (vhe) produced by the fungus Verticillium hemipterigenum BCC1449. These compounds feature a unique intermolecular disulfide bridge which links two monomers together. Using comparative genomics, we identified the 12‐membered vhe gene cluster. In vitro assays, kinetic analysis, and protein mutagenesis, enabled us to characterize VheT, the oxidase catalyzing an intermolecular disulfide bond formation resulting in ETP dimers. We showed that the CxxC motif of VheT plays a crucial role in catalyzing this reaction. VheT is an oxidase linking natural product monomers through intermolecular S−S bridges and could be developed into a biocatalyst for thiol specific dimerization reactions.
Intranasal Multiepitope PD‐L1‐siRNA‐Based Nanovaccine: The Next‐Gen COVID‐19 Immunotherapy
Authors: Acúrcio Rita C. , Kleiner Ron , Vaskovich‐Koubi Daniella , Carreira Bárbara , Liubomirski Yulia , Palma Carolina , Yeheskel Adva , Yeini Eilam , Viana Ana S. , Ferreira Vera , Araújo Carlos , Mor Michael , Freund Natalia T. , Bacharach Eran , Gonçalves João , Toister‐Achituv Mira , Fabregue Manon , Matthieu Solene , Guerry Capucine , Zarubica Ana , Aviel‐Ronen Sarit , Florindo Helena F. , Satchi‐Fainaro Ronit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe first approved vaccines for human use against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are nanotechnology‐based. Although they are modular, rapidly produced, and can reduce disease severity, the currently available vaccines are restricted in preventing infection, stressing the global demand for novel preventive vaccine technologies. Bearing this in mind, we set out to develop a flexible nanovaccine platform for nasal administration to induce mucosal immunity, which is fundamental for optimal protection against respiratory virus infection. The next‐generation multiepitope nanovaccines co‐deliver immunogenic peptides, selected by an immunoinformatic workflow, along with adjuvants and regulators of the PD‐L1 expression. As a case study, we focused on SARS‐CoV‐2 peptides as relevant antigens to validate the approach. This platform can evoke both local and systemic cellular‐ and humoral‐specific responses against SARS‐CoV‐2. This led to the secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA), capable of neutralizing SARS‐CoV‐2, including variants of concern, following a heterologous immunization strategy. Considering the limitations of the required cold chain distribution for current nanotechnology‐based vaccines, it is shown that the lyophilized nanovaccine is stable for long‐term at room temperature and retains its in vivo efficacy upon reconstitution. This makes it particularly relevant for developing countries and offers a modular system adaptable to future viral threats.
Accelerated Bone Healing via Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Sun Jianfeng , Xie Wenqing , Wu Yuxiang , Li Zhou , Li Yusheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPiezoelectric effect produces an electrical signal when stress is applied to the bone. When the integrity of the bone is destroyed, the biopotential within the defect site is reduced and several physiological responses are initiated to facilitate healing. During the healing of the bone defect, the bioelectric potential returns to normal levels. Treatment of fractures that exceed innate regenerative capacity or exhibit delayed healing requires surgical intervention for bone reconstruction. For bone defects that cannot heal on their own, exogenous electric fields are used to assist in treatment. This paper reviews the effects of exogenous electrical stimulation on bone healing, including osteogenesis, angiogenesis, reduction in inflammation and effects on the peripheral nervous system. This paper also reviews novel electrical stimulation methods, such as small power supplies and nanogenerators, that have emerged in recent years. Finally, the challenges and future trends of using electrical stimulation therapy for accelerating bone healing are discussed.