bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Immediate Effects of Kinesiotm Taping on Shoulder External Rotation in People with Shoulder Pain
Authors: Felek Sevgi Gamze , Kartlık Mesut , Gök Şahika , İnal Habibe Serap 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: Observing the immediate effect of KinesioTMTaping (KT) on shoulder external rotation in people with shoulder pain. Methods: The mean ages of participants (n=17;7W&10M) were 47,11± 1,28yrs, weight 72,4±13,10kg, height 1,68±0,069cm, and body mass index were 25,57±3,41kg/cm2. All were under physiotherapy with moderate degree of shoulder pain during movement and rest. They gave their own written consent to participate voluntarily to the test protocol. Their sosciodemografic features (physical features, habit of physical activity) were taken with a specially prepared questionnaire for this study. Their muscle power (JTech Myometry) and range of motion-ROM of shoulder joints were assessed before the test protocol. The active external-internal rotations were tested as before and after KT while the participants sat on a stable chair, forearm was supported on the table with as much as possible 90° of shoulder abduction within the pain limits. The hand was in supination and the line drawn on the dorsum of the hand and forearm was to nominate the longitudinal axis. The photographs of each participant were taken by IPhone 4 (Apple) in direct line just opposite to the forearm to record the last position of the forearm during shoulder rotations. An eye band and a headphone were used during the test. Through a universal on-screen digitizer (Desktop Ruler™) the goniometric measurements were double checked on the computer. Their pain was assessed through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) as before and after KT application. The disability they faced to during their daily life was assessed by Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) as before and after KT application. Y shaped KT was applied to subscapular muscles, the medial arm reaches towards the spine of scapula and the lateral arm was towards the acromion. All data were analysed statistically. The descriptive statistics were used for the physical features of the participants. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used for the significance of the data (p< 0.05) and Spearmen Correlation was used to understand the relation between the data. Results: KT was found effective on muscle strength; M.Subscapularis, M.Supraspinatus, M.Infraspinatus and M.Teres Minor strengths were significantly higher after KT(p< 0.05). KT also improved ROM of the shoulder external-internal rotations (p<0,05). The shoulder joint pain was decreased after KT (p<0,05) according to VAS and Pain Rate Index (PRI) of MPQ. Conclusion: The shoulder pain during external-internal rotations decreased due to the immediate effects of KT. A positive correlation was found between the data achieved by the universal goniometer and desktop ruler programe. Therefore we may suggest KT for patients with shoulder pain to improve the amount of rotation.
Patients’ Satisfaction Evaluation
Authors: Mutlu Ebru Kaya , Özdinçler Arzu Razak 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: Although many studies were focused on the assessment of patients' satisfaction, few studies have specifically addressed this issue for knee osteoartritis. Global rating of change (GRC) scales are very commonly used in clinical research, particularly in the musculoskeletal area. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patients’ satisfaction of the Mulligan’s Mobilization with Movement (MWM) techniques, Passive Mobilization (PM) techniques and physical therapy modalities (PTM) (superficial heat or cold, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and therapeutic ultrasound) in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee. Methods: Thirty subjects with bilateral osteoarthritis of the knee were randomly assigned to the MWM group (n=21) or the PM group (n=21) or PTM group (n=22). The duration of treatment was a maximum of 5 weeks (12 sessions) in all groups. The subjects’ satisfaction were assessed before and after treatment by the GRC scales. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the groups. When significance was observed, pairwise post hoc tests were performed using Tukey’s test. Results: Mean age and body mass index (BMI) of our study group were 54±7 years and 31±5 kg/m²,respectively in the MWM group, 56±6 years and 31±4 kg/m²,respectively in the PM group and 57±6 years and 32±5 kg/m²,respectively in the PTM group There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to age, BMI and GRC before treatment (p>0.05). Patients satisfaction of the three groups after treatment were significantly different (F=6.732 p=0.002). Pairwise comparisons of the treatment groups revealed a significant difference in the patients’ satisfaction between MWM and PTM (p=0.007), and between PM and PTM (p=0.007); there was no significant difference between MWM and PM (p>0.05). Conclusion: Manual therapy seemed to be superior to physical therapy modalities for the patients’ satisfaction. Therefore, we suggest that physiotherapist either can apply MWM or PM techniques based on their clinical experience in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee.
Isolated PCL and ACL Avulsion Fractures of the Knee
Authors: Baysal Özgur , Ecevız Engin , Saglam Fevzi , Elmalı Nurzat 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: Isolated combined PCL and ACL avulsion fractures is a rare condition. A 40 year old woman had both PCL and ACL avulsion fracture due to a car accident. These fractures often have a subtle appearance at conventional radiography. Advanced imaging modalities, particularly CT and MRI are helpful to diagnose correctly and define the extent of damage. The aim of the study was point out this rare injury. We diagnosed this patient who had both PCL and ACL avulsion fractures. In the literature only a few case have been reported. We think that these fractures may be missed in the Emergency Department. If a patient is brought to the ED with high-velocity trauma, careful evaluation of bone and soft tissues followed by advanced imaging modalities should be performed. Methods: The PCL avulsion fracture was fixed with a cancellous screw via posterior approach and ACL avulsion fracture was fixed with arthroscopically assisted pull-out sutures 10 days after the traumatic event. The knee was immobilized in 20° flexion. Isometric knee, hip and ankle exercises were started immediately. Six weeks later after the operation active range of motion exercises and partial weight-bearing were allowed. In the third month full weight bearing was allowed and full range of motion was achieved. Results: Both PCL and ACL avulsion fractures healed uneventfully. Conclusion: Although knee injuries are frequent, simultaneous PCL and ACL avulsion fractures are rare . The clinician should have a high index of suspicion for these injuries. Careful physical examination and radiological imaging, especially magnetic resonance imagination is helpful in the diagnosis. Early surgical repair and appropriate rehabilitation are the keys to a good outcome in these injuries.
Adolescent Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Avulsion Fracture Operative Treatment
Authors: Polat Gökhan , Karademir Gökhan , Bilgin Yücel , Birişik Fevzi , Demirel Mehmet , Yazıcıoğlu Önder 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: Pelvic apophysis injuries are generally seen in adolescents and encountered in the form of avulsion fractures which occur with the short-term contractions of the muscles that hold apophysis, following a trauma. In general the iliac crest, the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic bone fractures are frequently seen but anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) fractures are rare. These cases are often treated conservatively, surgical treatment is rarely necessary. In this presentation, AIIS avulsion fracture case that had undergone surgery and had been followed for 14 years was aimed to be stated. Methods: 16 year old male patient who was suffering from sports injuries that happened 40 days ago was admitted to our clinic in February 2000 with complaints about left hip and groin pain. Physical examination and radiographic evaluation of the patient identified left hip AIIS avulsion fracture. Due to more than 2 cm fracture fragment displacement and the patient being a professional football player who had high functional expectations, surgical treatment was planned. Under general anesthesia, after open reduction, internal fixation was performed with 1 cannulated screw. There were no complications observed at follow-up. Patient returned to training at 3 months postoperatively. 14 years after surgery, the patient admitted to a neurologist with complaints of headache and MRI was required to establish the cause. The patient admitted to our clinic in order to get the confirmation whether his implant was MRI compatible. Results: On clinical assessment, after 14 years, the patient didn’t have any complaints at left hip. Left hip flexion was 120°, extension was full, abduction was 40°, adduction was 20°, flexion internal rotation was 30° and flexion external rotation was 40°. Radiographs of the pelvis were normal. On the patient's functional assessment, modified Harris Hip Score was 100. Conclusion: Pelvic apophysis injuries are rare injuries seen in adolescents usually as avulsion fractures. These injuries are often treated conservatively however may require surgical treatment for professional athletes with a high functional expectations. In this patient who underwent surgery, at the end of the 14-years long follow-up, functional results were found to be close to perfect.
Average Thickness of the Four Folded Hamstring Tendons Which we Use in ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Işık Çetin , Çay Nurdan , Tecimel Osman , Fırat Ahmet , Akkaya Mustafa , Bozkurt Murat 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the average thickness of 4 folded hamstring tendons (autograft) which we used on our patients who had tendon reconstruction because of ACB rapture diagnostic. Methods: Between the dates of January 2009 and December 2013, patients who had tendon reconstruction with hamstring autograft because of ACB rapture diagnostic were evaluated retrospectively in Yıldırım Beyazıt University Ankara Atatürk Training And Research Hospital – Orthopaedics and Trauma Clinic. 258 patients who had 4 folded hamstring tendon which was prefered usually, were included into the study but 26 patients were not included into the study who had different autograft applications and direct allografts usages. Results: 242 of the 258 patiens who were included into the study were males and remaining 16 were females. Average age was 28.7 (14-52). The average thickness of the 4 folded hamstring tendons (semitendinosus and gracilis tendons) of the patients was observed as 7.9mm (6-10mm). The tendon thickness of 47 patients were measured below 7mm. For those patients, the tendon thickness was increased by combining allografts with autografts. Conclusion: The average thickness of the 4 folded hamstring tendons what we have used was 7.9mm. By considering the average graft thickness, it may be beneficial to make the planing by thinking about different configurations or keeping allografts ready for the cases which may require thicker grafts.
Reverse Segond Fracture Variant Without Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Bilge Onur , Yel Mustafa , Karalezli Nazim , Doral Mahmut Nedim 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: Reverse Segond fracture, which was described as the association of an avulsion of deep capsular portion of medial collateral ligament and tears of both posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and medial meniscus, is an extremely rare injury, unlike Segond fracture. The aim is to report successful surgical treatment of a case with “Reverse Segond Fracture” with intact PCL. Methods: The patient was a 16 years old male, who admitted to emergency department of our Level I trauma center after a pedestrian traffic accident. The main complaint was pain on left knee and shoulder. Physical examination revealed mainly limitation in range of motion (ROM) of relevant joints. Radiology revealed Reverse Segond fracture in the left knee and associated left clavicula mid-shaft fracture. Imaging with MRI and CT revealed neither PCL injury or additional ligamentous pathologies of knee. MRI only revealed medial meniscus tear. Results: In surgery, avulsed bony portion of Reverse Segond fracture was fixed to tibia with a suture anchor and a cannulated screw securely under medial meniscus. Peripheral longitudinal medial meniscus tear was fixed with a 2-0 absorbable suture. Clavicle was internally fixed meanwhile. Knee range of motion (ROM) was started early on postoperative first day, then augmented progressively. The patient was mobilized partially-weight bearing after 1.5 months and returned to his active daily life after 2.5 months. He was without any residual complaints after a final follow-up period of 26 months. Conclusion: This case report would be evaluated as a Reverse Segond Fracture variant, as no injury to PCL was noted, in contrast to its original definition in the relevant literature, which is also scarse. To the best of knowledge, this is the first report of successful surgical treatment of a case with Reverse Segond Fracture variant without PCL tear in the relevant literature.
Reduced circulating endothelial progenitor cells in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Authors: Chen Shih-Pin , Wang Yen-Feng , Huang Po-Hsun , Chi Chin-Wen , Fuh Jong-Ling , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe pathophysiology of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) remains elusive. Endothelial dysfunction might play a role, but direct evidence is lacking. This study aimed to explore whether patients with RCVS have a reduced level of circulating circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to repair the dysfunctional endothelial vasomotor control.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 24 patients with RCVS within one month of disease onset and 24 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the numbers of circulating EPCs, defined as KDR+CD133+, CD34+CD133+, and CD34+KDR+double-positive mononuclear cells. The Lindegaard index, an index of vasoconstriction, was calculated by measuring the mean flow velocity of middle cerebral arteries and distal extracranial internal carotid arteries via color-coded sonography on the same day as blood drawing. A Lindegaard index of 2 was chosen as the cutoff value for significant vasoconstriction of middle cerebral arteries based on our previous study.ResultsPatients with RCVS had a reduced number of CD34+KDR+cells (0.009 ± 0.006% vs. 0.014 ± 0.010%, p = 0.031) but not KDR+CD133+cells or CD34+CD133+EPCs, in comparison with controls. The number of CD34+KDR+cells was inversely correlated with the Lindegaard index (rs = -0.418, p = 0.047). Of note, compared to controls, patients with a Lindegaard index > 2 (n = 13) had a reduced number of CD34+KDR+cells (0.007 ± 0.005% vs. 0.014 ± 0.010%, p = 0.010), but those with a Lindegaard index ≤ 2 did not.ConclusionsPatients with RCVS had reduced circulating CD34+KDR+EPCs, which were correlated with the severity of vasoconstriction. Endothelial dysfunction might contribute to the pathogenesis of RCVS.
Compliance with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea among privately paying patients- a cross sectional study
Authors: Hussain Syed Fayyaz , Irfan Muhammad , Waheed Zeeshan , Alam Naveen , Mansoor Saba , Islam Muhammad 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the compliance, benefits and side effects associated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy among Pakistani patients treated for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in private sector.MethodsPatients diagnosed to have OSA based on overnight study who were recommended for CPAP therapy, between 1998 and 2003, were evaluated by telephonic survey and review of hospital notes. Compliance, benefits and side effects associated with CPAP therapy were assessed.ResultsOut of 135 patients who were prescribed CPAP therapy, 75 could be contacted. Sixty (80%) started using CPAP within one month of diagnosis and 46 (61%) continued to use it long-term (beyond one year). Compliance with CPAP therapy was associated with higher body mass index, higher Epworth sleepiness scale score, history of witnessed apnea, and reduction in daytime sleepiness with CPAP therapy. OSA severity as assessed by apnea-hypopnea index did not affect compliance with CPAP therapy. Use of anti-depressants and CPAP induced sleep disturbances were associated with poor compliance with CPAP therapy.ConclusionsObesity, excessive daytime sleepiness, witnessed apnea and improvement of daytime symptoms following use of CPAP were predictors of improved compliance. Use of antidepressants and CPAP induced sleep disturbances were predictors of poor compliance.
Do informed consent documents for chiropractic clinical research studies meet readability level recommendations and contain required elements: a descriptive study
Authors: Twist Elissa , Lawrence Dana J , Salsbury Stacie A , Hawk Cheryl 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Background
Informed consent documents (ICD) in research are designed to educate research participants about the nature of the research project in which he or she may participate. United States (US) law requires the documents to contain specific elements present and be written in a way that is understandable to research participants. The purpose of this research is to determine if ICDs from randomized controlled trials conducted at chiropractic colleges meet recommended readability standards and contain the 13 content items required by US law.

Methods
This study was approved by Palmer College of Chiropractic’s IRB #2012-12-3-T and was conducted between December 3, 2012 and February 14, 2013. We contacted the research directors of five chiropractic colleges that have received federal funding supporting their clinical research. A total of 13 informed consent documents from four chiropractic colleges were analyzed using the Flesch-Kincaid measurement. We assigned a grade-level readability score to the document based on the average of three separate grade level scores conducted on the three largest uninterrupted blocks of text. Content of the 13 ICDs was assessed using a 13-element checklist. A point was given for every element present in the document, giving a score range of “0, no elements are present”, to “13, all elements are present.”

Results
The mean Flesch-Kincaid grade level readability was 10.8 (range 7.2 -14.0). Our sample had a mean readability score 2.8 grade levels above the generally-accepted US average reading level. Content varied among the 13 informed consent forms, ranging from only nine elements present in one document to all 13 required in five documents. Additionally, we collated the risks presented in each document.

Conclusion
These results strongly suggest that chiropractic clinical researchers are not developing ICDs at a readability level congruent with the national average acceptable level. The low number of elements in some of the informed consent documents raises concern that not all research participants were fully informed when given the informed consent, and it may suggest that some documents may not be in compliance with federal requirements. Risk varies among institutions and even within institutions for the same intervention.
Embryonic cells contribute directly to the quiescent stem cell population in the adult mouse mammary gland
Authors: Boras-Granic Kata , Dann Pamela , Wysolmerski John J 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Studies have identified multi-potent stem cells in the adult mammary gland. More recent studies have suggested that the embryonic mammary gland may also contain stem/progenitor cells that contribute to initial ductal development. We were interested in determining whether embryonic cells might also directly contribute to long-lived stem cells that support homeostasis and development in the adult mammary gland.

Methods
We used DNA-label retention to detect long label-retaining cells in the mammary gland. Mouse embryos were labeled with 5-ethynl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) between embryonic day 14.5 and embryonic day 18.5 and were subsequently sacrificed and examined for EdU retention at various intervals after birth. EdU retaining cells were co-stained for various lineage markers and identified after fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis of specific epithelial subsets. EdU-labeled mice were subjected to subsequent 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine administration to determine whether EdU-labeled cells could re-enter the cell cycle. Finally, EdU-labeled cells were grown under non-adherent conditions to assess their ability to form mammospheres.

Results
We demonstrate embryonically-derived, long label-retaining cells (eLLRCs) in the adult mammary gland. eLLRCs stain for basal markers and are enriched within the mammary stem cell population identified by cell sorting. eLLRCs are restricted to the primary ducts near the nipple region. Interestingly, long label retaining cells (labeled during puberty) are found just in front of the eLLRCs, near where the ends of the ducts had been at the time of DNA labeling in early puberty. A subset of eLLRCs becomes mitotically active during periods of mammary growth and in response to ovarian hormones. Finally, we show that eLLRCs are contained within primary and secondary mammospheres.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that a subset of proliferating embryonic cells subsequently becomes quiescent and contributes to the pool of long-lived mammary stem cells in the adult. eLLRCs can re-enter the cell cycle, produce both mammary lineages and self-renew. Thus, our studies have identified a putative stem/progenitor cell population of embryonic origin. Further study of these cells will contribute to an understanding of how quiescent stem cells are generated during development and how fetal exposures may alter future breast cancer risk in adults.