bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The continent‐ocean transition on the northwestern South China Sea
Authors: Cameselle Alejandra L. , Ranero César R. , Franke Dieter , Barckhausen Udo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRifted margins are created as a result of stretching and breakup of continental lithosphere that eventually leads to oceanic spreading and formation of a new oceanic basin. A cornerstone for understanding what processes control the final transition to seafloor spreading is the nature of the continent‐ocean transition (COT). We reprocessed multichannel seismic profiles and use available gravity data to study the structure and variability of the COT along the Northwest subbasin (NWSB) of the South China Sea. We have interpreted the seismic images to discern continental from oceanic domains. The continental‐crust domain is characterized by tilted fault blocks generally overlain by thick syn‐rift sedimentary units, and underlain by fairly continuous Moho reflections typically at 8–10 s twtt. The thickness of the continental crust changes greatly across the basin, from ~20 to 25 km under the shelf and uppermost slope, to ~9–6 km under the lower slope. The oceanic‐crust domain is characterized by a highly reflective top of basement, little faulting, no syntectonic strata and fairly constant thickness (over tens to hundreds of km) of typically 6 km, but ranging from 4 to 8 km. The COT is imaged as a ~5–10 km wide zone where oceanic‐type features directly abut or lap on continental‐type structures. The South China margin continental crust is cut by abundant normal faults. Seismic profiles show an along‐strike variation in the tectonic structure of the continental margin. The NE‐most lines display ~20–40 km wide segments of intense faulting under the slope and associated continental‐crust thinning, giving way to a narrow COT and oceanic crust. Towards the SW, faulting and thinning of the continental crust occurs across a ~100–110 km wide segment with a narrow COT and abutting oceanic crust. We interpret this 3D structural variability and the narrow COT as a consequence of the abrupt termination of continental rifting tectonics by the NE to SW propagation of a spreading centre. We suggest that breakup occurred abruptly by spreading centre propagation rather than by thinning during continental rifting. We propose a kinematic evolution for the oceanic domain of the NWSB consisting of a southward spreading centre propagation followed by a first narrow ridge jump to the north, and then a younger larger jump to the SE, to abandon the NWSB and create the East subbasin of the South China Sea.
DPP‐4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Attenuates Aβ‐induced Cytotoxicity through Activation of AMPK in Neuronal Cells
Authors: Kornelius Edy , Lin Chih‐Li , Chang Hsiu‐Han , Li Hsin‐Hua , Huang Wen‐Nung , Yang Yi‐Sun , Lu Ying‐Li , Peng Chiung‐Huei , Huang Chien‐Ning 
Published: May 2015

SummaryAimIt is now clear that insulin signaling has important roles in regulation of neuronal functions in the brain. Dysregulation of brain insulin signaling has been linked to neurodegenerative disease, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this regard, there is evidence that improvement of neuronal insulin signaling has neuroprotective activity against amyloid β (Aβ)‐induced neurotoxicity for patients with AD. Linagliptin is an inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase‐4 (DPP‐4), which improves impaired insulin secretion and insulin downstream signaling in the in peripheral tissues. However, whether the protective effects of linagliptin involved in Aβ‐mediated neurotoxicity have not yet been investigated.MethodsIn the present study, we evaluated the mechanisms by which linagliptin protects against Aβ‐induced impaired insulin signaling and cytotoxicity in cultured SK‐N‐MC human neuronal cells.ResultsOur results showed that Aβ impairs insulin signaling and causes cell death. However, linagliptin significantly protected against Aβ‐induced cytotoxicity, and prevented the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and tau hyperphosphorylation by restoring insulin downstream signaling. Furthermore, linagliptin alleviated Aβ‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular ROS generation, which may be due to the activation of 5′ AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐Sirt1 signaling. This upregulation of Sirt1 expression was also observed in diabetic patients with AD coadministration of linagliptin.ConclusionsTaken together, our findings suggest linagliptin can restore the impaired insulin signaling caused by Aβ in neuronal cells, suggesting DPP‐4 inhibitors may have therapeutic potential for reducing Aβ‐induced impairment of insulin signaling and neurotoxicity in AD pathogenesis.
Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm after Aortic Valve Bypass Implantation
Authors: Søholm Helle , Hassager Christian , Vejlstrup Niels , Arendrup Henrik , Jensen Maiken , Lund Jens , Ihlemann Nikolaj 
Published: May 2015

Mini‐AbstractAortic valve bypass (AVB)—a conduit from the apex of the left ventricle to the descending aorta containing a bioprosthetic valve—is a treatment option in severe aortic stenosis unsuitable for both surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve replacement. An 82‐year‐old woman with severe aortic stenosis, porcelain aorta, and limited vascular access had an AVB inserted successfully. Imaging 3 months after implantation revealed a pseudoaneurysm at the AVB insertion site. Due to comorbidity and advanced age, the patient has been treated conservatively. Procedures with transapical insertions such as TAVI or AVB can lead to pseudoaneurysms, and the diagnosis often requires multiple imaging modalities.
Schooling in Capitalism: Navigating the Bleak Pathways of Structural Fate
Authors: Murray Kevin , Liston Daniel P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this review essay Kevin Murray and Dan Liston examine three texts in what this symposium has deemed the recent resurgence in neo‐Marxist accounts of schooling: David Blacker's The Falling Rate of Learning and the Neoliberal Endgame, Mike Cole's Marxism and Educational Theory, and John Marsh's Class Dismissed. Murray and Liston argue that Blacker, Cole, and Marsh provide a much‐needed structural delineation of schooling in capitalist society. All three works have substantial merit and are in need of minor adjustments. Blacker's vision is telling and chilling but may need some fine‐tuning; Cole's defense of Marxism is commendable but tends toward the disembodied abstract; and Marsh's text capably highlights educationists' blinders but seems to miss elements of a critical structural account. While recognizing real limitations on transformative education under capitalism, Murray and Liston nevertheless elaborate a variation of the radical humanist project. It is their skeletal attempt at an educationally and morally defensible reparative theory.
Mapping the Contours of Neoliberal Educational Restructuring: A Review of Recent Neo‐Marxist Studies of Education and Racial Capitalist Considerations
Authors: Pierce Clayton 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this article Clayton Pierce reviews three books representative of the recent neo‐Marxist literature on education: David Blacker's The Falling Rate of Learning and the Neoliberal Endgame, John Marsh's Class Dismissed: Why We Cannot Teach or Learn Our Way out of Inequality, and Pauline Lipman's The New Political Economy of Urban Education: Neoliberalism, Race, and the Right to the City. His analysis of these books focuses on how each author remains consistent or advances traditional Marxist interpretations of the role of education in capitalist society. In addition, he puts the arguments of each author into conversation with W. E. B. Du Bois's analysis of schooling in a racial capitalist society — what he called caste education — as a way to generate discussion around some of the inherent limitations of Marxist studies of education. Here, Pierce is particularly concerned with the ability of neo‐Marxist analyses of the neoliberal restructuring of education to articulate how white supremacy is preserved even in revolutionary critiques of capitalist schooling.
The cost of ant attendance and melezitose secretion in the black bean aphid Aphis fabae
Authors: VANTAUX AMÉLIE , SCHILLEWAERT SHARON , PARMENTIER THOMAS , VAN DEN ENDE WIM , BILLEN JOHAN , WENSELEERS TOM 
Published: May 2015

1. The aphid Aphis fabae (Scopoli) is facultatively tended by Lasius niger (Linnaeus) ants. Previously, we found that A. fabae colonies can be made up of several clones, and that clones display significant differences in the composition of their honeydew sugars, especially in the amount of the ant attractant sugar melezitose that they produce.2. These clonal differences could greatly impact the strength of the mutualistic interaction with ants as well as the aphids' fitness.3. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the fitness of different A. fabae clones that differed in their melezitose secretion, and whether or not they were tended by ants.4. Individual fitness indices, colony growth, and alate production of single‐clone aphid colonies were analysed.5. The results demonstrate that the fitness consequences of ant attendance critically depend on an interaction between levels of melezitose production. In particular, we show that high‐melezitose secreting clones produce fewer alates and hence might have a lower dispersal ability in the presence of ants.6. Furthermore, these data confirm previous evidence that ant attendance is costly and results in the production of fewer apterae.
Rodologia: Genealogy as Therapy in Post‐Soviet Russia
Authors: Leykin Inna 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe article examines how people in post‐Soviet Russia learn to interpret Soviet political genealogies as implicated in their own family histories. Based on long‐term fieldwork in a large provincial city in Russia, it focuses on a particular form of amateur genealogy calledRodologia(rodstvo= kinship). Informed by a burgeoning self‐help culture, Rodologia's followers argue that psychological “self‐realization” can be achieved by identifying the effects of state violence on family histories. Using a Lamarckian‐like idea of heredity, Rodologia argues that social and political upheavals, such as gulags, collectivization, and wars, “scar” people's genes and shape the behavior, self, and history of their descendants. The article demonstrates how popular attempts to attribute meanings to Soviet state violence are mediated by a surprising alliance of two cultural logics for articulating the self emerging in post‐Soviet Russia—a thriving therapeutic “self‐help” culture and a form of recollection inspired by genealogical imagination. A flourishing therapeutic culture and amateur genealogy, I show, emerge as a means to both organize one's relation to the Soviet past and to make sense of fundamental changes occurring in meanings of political order in post‐Soviet Russia.
Learning (by) Feeling: A Cross‐Cultural Comparison of the Socialization and Development of Emotions
Authors: Röttger‐Rössler Birgitt , Scheidecker Gabriel , Funk Leberecht , Holodynski Manfred 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAlthough much has been written about “socialization” and “emotion” in different cultures, these two topics have rarely been systematically combined and analyzed from the perspective of ontogenetic development. Drawing on approaches from developmental psychology and cultural anthropology, we examine how cultural models of emotion and their corresponding emotionally arousing child‐rearing practices lead to culture‐specific pathways of emotion development among the Bara (Madagascar) and the Tao (Taiwan). We focus especially on socializing emotions, which we define in terms of their function to orient individuals toward cultural norms and values and to inculcate social conformity. Based on empirical data gathered in long‐term ethnographic field studies, we provide evidence that the Bara emphasize “fear” and the Tao “anxiety” as focal socializing emotions.
Nutritional management of hyperlipaemia
Authors: Durham A. E. , Thiemann A. K. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryHyperlipaemia is a disease resulting from excessive mobilisation of triglyceride stores such that plasma clearance processes become overwhelmed. Consequently increased plasma triglyceride concentrations (>5.6 mmol/l), visibly cloudy plasma and a sick, anorexic or hypophagic subject follow. Epidemiological studies have identified many predisposing and triggering factors and the attentive carer or veterinary surgeon should be alert to such risk factors so that the disease can be prevented, or at least identified and treated at an early stage. Hyperlipaemic subjects are invariably in a negative energy balance, and nutritional management therefore plays a central role in both the prevention and resolution of the disease.
Ultra‐low cycle torsion fatigue of annealed copper
Authors: Hofmann U. , Riedle J. , Altenberger I. , Cote A. , Burwell M. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTTorsion experiments show that pure annealed copper is able to withstand very high plastic strain amplitudes when it is loaded cyclically with less than 30 cycles to failure. Under these ultra‐low cycle fatigue conditions, the performance of copper is significantly better than that of the annealed steels A36 and AISI 304, which were also tested in this study for comparison. The dependence of fatigue life on strain range can be described by a power law. In the case of an initial overloading, fatigue life can be estimated using the Palmgren–Miner rule. The long low cycle fatigue life of copper is explained by a thermally activated softening mechanism which takes place while the material heats up as a result of the cyclically repeated plastic deformation. The softening is accompanied by a change in microstructure. The low cycle fatigue properties of copper can be utilized for designing hysteretic dampers for seismic protection.
Simulated impact of the renewable fuels standard on US Conservation Reserve Program enrollment and conversion
Authors: Hellwinckel Chad , Clark Christopher , Langholtz Matthew , Eaton Laurence 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA socioeconomic model is used to estimate the land‐use implications on the U.S. Conservation Reserve Program from potential increases in second‐generation biofuel production. A baseline scenario with no second‐generation biofuel production is compared to a scenario where the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS2) volumes are met by 2022. We allow for the possibility of converting expiring CRP lands to alternative uses such as conventional crops, dedicated second‐generation biofuel crops, or harvesting existing CRP grasses for biomass. Results indicate that RFS2 volumes (RFS2‐v) can be met primarily with crop residues (78% of feedstock demand) and woody residues (19% of feedstock demand) compared with dedicated biomass (3% of feedstock demand), with only minimal conversion of cropland (0.27 million hectares, <1% of total cropland), pastureland (0.28 million hectares of pastureland, <1% of total pastureland), and CRP lands (0.29 million hectares of CRP lands, 3% of existing CRP lands) to biomass production. Meeting RFS2 volumes would reduce CRP re‐enrollment by 0.19 million hectares, or 4%, below the baseline scenario where RFS2 is not met. Yet under RFS2‐v scenario, expiring CRP lands are more likely to be converted to or maintain perennial cover, with 1.78 million hectares of CRP lands converting to hay production, and 0.29 million hectares being harvested for existing grasses. A small amount of CRP is harvested for existing biomass, but no conversion of CRP to dedicated biomass crops, such as switchgrass, are projected to occur. Although less land is enrolled in CRP under RFS2‐v scenario, total land in perennial cover increases by 0.15 million hectares, or 2%, under RFS2‐v. Sensitivity to yield, payment and residue retention assumptions are evaluated.
Latitudinal differences in species abundance distributions, rather than spatial aggregation, explain beta‐diversity along latitudinal gradients
Authors: Xu Wubing , Chen Guoke , Liu Canran , Ma Keping 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimVariation in species composition among sites (β‐diversity) generally decreases with increasing latitude, but the underlying mechanisms are ambiguous. Although both local and large‐scale processes may drive this pattern, they act all through influencing species abundance distribution (SAD) and spatial pattern of species. A null model incorporating SAD is often used to calculate expected β‐diversity, which accounts for most variation in β‐diversity. However, a recent study has shown that the deviation of observed β‐diversity from expected values (β‐deviation) increases with latitude. The latitudinal gradients in β‐deviation may be related to both latitudinal differences in SADs and the degrees of spatial aggregation. Our study aims to (1) investigate how β‐deviation varies with SAD and spatial aggregation, and (2) separate the contributions of SAD and aggregation in explaining latitudinal gradients in β‐deviation.LocationGlobal.Methods197 forest plots (each containing 10 subplots) distributed along latitudinal gradients were used. Two β‐diversity models were derived for communities with randomly and nonrandomly distributed species. The two models were used to simulate relationships of β‐deviation with SAD and aggregation, and to separate the contributions of these two factors in explaining latitudinal gradients in β‐deviation.Resultsβ‐deviation increased with the degree of aggregation and peaked at intermediate species abundance. The fraction of β‐deviation linked to SAD increased with latitude in global and regional analyses, whereas the fraction of β‐deviation linked to aggregation was only significantly correlated with latitude in New World south. The degree of aggregation increased with latitude in New World south, but not in global extent and New World north.Main conclusionsThe latitudinal gradients in β‐deviation are primarily explained by latitudinal differences in SADs. Additionally, the expected β‐diversity is determined solely by SAD. Therefore, we conclude that latitude‐β‐diversity gradients at local spatial scales appear to be explained by latitudinal differences in SADs.
Navigating Haiti's History: Saint‐Domingue and the Haitian Revolution
Authors: Taber Robert D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe decade since the bicentennial of Haiti's independence has seen an outpouring of scholarship on its history, particularly on the course and impacts of the Haitian Revolution, which transformed the Atlantic world's most productive colony into the Americas’ second independent state and involved one of history's most successful slave rebellions. This new historical research builds upon a long, albeit scattered, historiography on Saint‐Domingue (colonial Haiti) and the Haitian Revolution. Haiti's colonial and revolutionary history has important implications for understanding the development of plantation society, Haiti's connections with the USA and the rest of Latin America, and current policy debates ranging from land use to education.
Epigenetic modulation of dental pulp stem cells: implications for regenerative endodontics
Authors: Duncan H. F. , Smith A. J. , Fleming G. J. P. , Cooper P. R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) offer significant potential for use in regenerative endodontics, and therefore, identifying cellular regulators that control stem cell fate is critical to devising novel treatment strategies. Stem cell lineage commitment and differentiation are regulated by an intricate range of host and environmental factors of which epigenetic influence is considered vital. Epigenetic modification of DNA and DNA‐associated histone proteins has been demonstrated to control cell phenotype and regulate the renewal and pluripotency of stem cell populations. The activities of the nuclear enzymes, histone deacetylases, are increasingly being recognized as potential targets for pharmacologically inducing stem cell differentiation and dedifferentiation. Depending on cell maturity and niche in vitro, low concentration histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) application can promote dedifferentiation of several post‐natal and mouse embryonic stem cell populations and conversely increase differentiation and accelerate mineralization in DPSC populations, whilst animal studies have shown an HDACi‐induced increase in stem cell marker expression during organ regeneration. Notably, both HDAC and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors have also been demonstrated to dramatically increase the reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for use in regenerative therapeutic procedures. As the regulation of cell fate will likely remain the subject of intense future research activity, this review aims to describe the current knowledge relating to stem cell epigenetic modification, focusing on the role of HDACi on alteration of DPSC phenotype, whilst presenting the potential for therapeutic application as part of regenerative endodontic regimens.
Victorian Stroke Telemedicine Project: implementation of a new model of translational stroke care for Australia
Authors: Bladin C. F. , Molocijz N. , Ermel S. , Bagot K. L. , Kilkenny M. , Vu M. , Cadilhac D. A. ,   VST program investigators
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundStroke telemedicine is widely used to treat patients with acute stroke in Europe and North America but is seldom used in Australia. The Victorian Stroke Telemedicine (VST) programme aims to enhance acute stroke care in regional Australia.MethodsTwelve‐month pilot prospective, historical‐controlled, implementation cohort study. Emergency Department (ED) at a large regional hospital in Victoria. Patients ≥18 years of age arriving <4.5 h in the ED with a possible diagnosis of acute stroke. Telemedicine consultation by a Melbourne‐based stroke specialist. Stroke thrombolysis rate, timelines for clinical processes, discharge outcomes.ResultsIn the initial 12 month VST implementation, 62 patients arrived <4.5 h of stroke onset (60% male; median age 75 years). Compared to pre‐VST data (n = 58; 52% male; median age 77 years), stroke thrombolysis use increased from 17% to 26% (P = 0.26). Clinical process timelines improved including door to computed tomography time (reduced by 29 min, P = 0.006), and door to needle time (reduced by 21 min, P = 0.21). There was no significant increase in deaths (pre‐VST 7% vs VST 10%), or symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (n = 1 tPA patient). More patients who received tPA were discharged to home or rehabilitation (pre‐VST 33% vs VST 80%, P = 0.02), with significantly fewer transfers to other acute care services.ConclusionsThe VST pilot implementation provides evidence that telemedicine can enhance the quality of acute stroke care in a regional hospital. Expanding VST to 16 regional hospitals, Australia's largest telestroke programme, will allow for a more comprehensive clinical and economic analysis.