bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric Morbidity in Ketamine Users Attending Counselling and Youth Outreach Services
Authors: Tang Wai Kwong , Morgan Celia J. A. , Lau Grace C. , Liang Hua Jun , Tang Alan , Ungvari Gabor S. 
Published: July 2014

Background No study has examined ketamine users’ psychiatric morbidity using structured diagnostic instruments. The aim of this study was thus to determine the psychiatric comorbidity of community-based ketamine users using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition), Axis I Disorders (SCID). Methods A convenience sample of 200 frequent ketamine users was recruited from community organizations in Hong Kong. Participants were screened with the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADSA), and SCID psychotic symptoms. Those who scored above the threshold (cutoff point of 8/9 on the BDI and 4/5 on HADSA) or displayed evidence of psychotic symptoms were referred for a structured clinical interview conducted by a psychiatrist. Results One hundred and seventy participants scored above the cutoff point on 1 or more of the scales, and 115 participants attended the SCID interview. Fifty-one of these 115 participants received a psychiatric diagnosis of 1 or more comorbidities for the month preceding the interview. Mood disorders accounted for 80.4% of the diagnoses, anxiety disorders for 33.3%, and psychotic disorders for 7.8%. Conclusions Female gender and history of psychiatric/psychological clinic attendance were significantly associated with comorbid psychiatric disorders, whereas ketamine dependence had a borderline association.
The Relation between Moment-To-Moment Mindful Attention and Anxiety among Young Adults in Substance use Treatment
Authors: Shorey Ryan C. , Anderson Scott , Lookatch Samantha , Moore Todd M. , Stuart Gregory L. 
Published: July 2014

Background A growing body of research has examined the intersection of mindfulness and substance use, and a large body of research has examined the relation between mindfulness and anxiety. Unfortunately, no research has been conducted on the relation between mindfulness and anxiety symptoms among young adults (i.e., 18–25 years old) in treatment for substance use. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relation between one facet of mindfulness, moment-to-moment attention, and anxiety (panic and generalized anxiety) among young adults in treatment for substance use. Methods Preexisting patient records from a residential substance use treatment center for young adults were reviewed ( N = 148). Patient records were examined from May 2012 to August 2013, which represented all young adult patients admitted to the residential treatment facility during this time. Results Findings demonstrated that moment-to-moment mindful attention was associated with symptoms of panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder even after controlling for gender, age, education, alcohol use, drug use, and the shared variance in generalized and panic symptoms. There were no gender differences in moment-to-moment mindful attention. Conclusions These findings provide preliminary evidence that moment-to-moment mindful attention is associated with panic and generalized anxiety in young adults in substance use treatment. Combined with previous research on mindfulness-based interventions among adults in substance use treatment, research should examine the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for young adults in substance use treatment.
A comparative analysis of characteristic floral scent compounds in Prunus mume and related species
Authors: Hao Ruijie , Du Dongliang , Wang Tao , Yang Weiru , Wang Jia , Zhang Qixiang 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In order to investigate the difference in their characteristic floral scents between Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc. and the related Prunus species, their headspace volatiles and endogenous extraction were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The efficiency of substrate utilization of the flowers was studied by incubating them with different alcohol substrates. Our results indicated that benzyl acetate is a dominant compound influencing the characteristic floral scent of P. mume. An alcohol substrate concentration of 4 mmol L−1 and a reaction time of 2 h were constituted the reaction condition for catalysis of exogenous alcohol substrates by the flowers. Under these conditions, Prunus sibirica exhibited the highest utilization efficiency for benzyl alcohol substrate while the utilization efficiency of Prunus persica was the lowest. Comparative analysis of several alcohol substrates indicated that the flowers of the tested species had selective specificity for benzyl alcohol substrates.
A Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Updates
Authors: Yokoe Deborah S. , Anderson Deverick J. , Berenholtz Sean M. , Calfee David P. , Dubberke Erik R. , Ellingson Katherine D. , Gerding Dale N. , Haas Janet P. , Kaye Keith S. , Klompas Michael , Lo Evelyn , Marschall Jonas , Mermel Leonard A. , Nicolle Lindsay E. , Salgado Cassandra D. , Bryant Kristina , Classen David , Crist Katrina , Deloney Valerie M. , Fishman Neil O. , Foster Nancy , Goldmann Donald A. , Humphreys Eve , Jernigan John A. , Padberg Jennifer , Perl Trish M. , Podgorny Kelly , Septimus Edward J. , VanAmringe Margaret , Weaver Tom , Weinstein Robert A. , Wise Robert , Maragakis Lisa L. 
Published: July 2014

Since the publication of “A Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals” in 2008, prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) has become a national priority. Despite improvements, preventable HAIs continue to occur. The 2014 updates to the Compendium were created to provide acute care hospitals with up-to-date, practical, expert guidance to assist in prioritizing and implementing their HAI prevention efforts. They are the product of a highly collaborative effort led by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS), the Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), the Society for Hospital Medicine (SHM), and the Surgical Infection Society (SIS).Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(8):967–977
Multichannel quantum defect theory of strontium bound Rydberg states
Authors: Vaillant C L , Jones M P A , Potvliege R M 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Using the reactance matrix approach, we systematically develop new multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT) models for the singlet and triplet S, P, D and F states of strontium below the first ionization limit, based on improved energy level measurements. The new models reveal additional insights into the character of doubly excited perturber states, and the improved energy level measurements for certain series allow fine structure to be resolved for those series’ perturbers. Comparison between the predictions of the new models and those of previous empirical and ab initio studies reveals good agreement with most series; however, some discrepancies are highlighted. Using the MQDT wave functions derived from our models we calculate other observables such as Landé

-factors and radiative lifetimes. The analysis reveals the impact of perturbers on the Rydberg state properties of divalent atoms, highlighting the importance of including two-electron effects in the calculations of these properties. The work enables future investigations of properties such as Stark maps and long-range interactions of Rydberg states of strontium.
Wine Prices and Quality Ratings: A Meta‐regression Analysis
Authors: Oczkowski Edward , Doucouliagos Hristos 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article examines the empirical support for the hypothesized hedonic theoretical relation between the price of wine and its quality. The examination considers over 180 hedonic wine price models developed over 20 years, covering many countries. The research identifies that the relation between the price of wine and its sensory quality rating is a moderate partial correlation of +0.30. This correlation exists despite the lack of information held by consumers about a wine's quality and the inconsistency of expert tasters when evaluating wines. The results identify a moderate price‐quality correlation, which suggests the existence of strategic buying opportunities for better informed consumers. Strategic price setting possibilities may also exist for wine producers given the incomplete quality information held by consumers. The results from the meta‐regression analysis point to the absence of any publication bias, and attribute the observed asymmetry in estimates to study heterogeneity. The analysis suggests the observed heterogeneity is explained by the importance of a wine's reputation, the use of the 100‐point quality rating scale, the analysis of a single wine variety/style, and the employed functional form. The most important implication from the analysis is the relative importance of a wine's reputation over its sensory quality, inferring that producers need to sustain the sensory quality of a wine over time to extract appropriate returns. The reputation of the wine producer is found not to influence the strength of the price‐quality relationship. This finding does not contradict the importance of wine producer reputation in directly influencing prices.
Both Bilateral Breast Volume Discrepancy and Asymmetric Anterior Chest Wall Shape Contribute to the Unsightly Breast Contour in Female Right Thoracic Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Shi Benlong , Mao Saihu , Sun Xu , Xu Leilei , Zhu Feng , Zhu Zezhang , Qian Bangping , Wang Weijun , Qiu Yong 
Published: July 2014

Study design:
A retrospective radiographic study.

Objective:
To evaluate the asymmetry of breast volume (BV) and shape in female adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients and to define their relationship with deformed components of the anterior chest wall and curved spine.

Summary of Background Data:
The higher incidence of asymmetric breast development in AIS was described by prior studies. However, the interplay between scoliosis curve magnitude and severity of breast asymmetry (BA) are unknown.

Methods:
A total of 73 surgically treated female right thoracic AIS patients classified as Lenke type I were enrolled in this study, with the average Cobb angle being 52.08±11.68 degrees. The Image J software was utilized to calculate BV. Both concave and convex radiographic parameters of breast shape were measured including the extraversion angle (EA), the coverage angle (CA), the axial breast height, the vertical breast height (VBH), and the nipple-to-sternum distance. The inclination angles of the concave and convex anterior chest wall were also assessed. BA was calculated according to the formula as follows: BA=(concave−convex)×BV/[(concave+convex)×BV]/2. The measurements of spinal deformity parameters included the Cobb angle, the RAsag angle, and the RAml angle. Paired t test was performed to analyze the asymmetry of breast shape, and Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to define the correlation between the breast shape, spinal deformity, and the inclination of anterior chest wall.

Results:
The concave BV, EA, axial breast height, and vertical breast height were significantly larger than those of the convex side (P<0.05), whereas the concave CA and the inclination angle of the anterior chest wall were significantly smaller than those of the convex side (P<0.05). No difference was detected between the concave and the convex nipple-to-sternum distance (P>0.05). The averaged BA was 11.4%, with the ratio of asymmetry beyond 10% being 52.1%. No statistically significant relationships between BA and Cobb angle, RAsag angle, RAml angle were detected (P>0.05). The inclination angle of the anterior chest wall demonstrated significant correlation with EA (P<0.001) and CA (P<0.001), respectively.

Conclusions:
The incidence of BA in AIS is notable, with the concave breast being larger, more extroversive, and more concentrated than the convex breast. The discrepancy between concave and convex anterior chest wall inclination bound to scoliosis could have a major influence on breast orientation and profile, suggesting a synergistic role of anterior chest wall deformity and bilateral BV discrepancy in the formation of BA.
High-performance computing-based exploration of flow control with micro devices
Authors: Fujii Kozo 
Published: July 2014

The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator that controls flow separation is one of the promising technologies to realize energy savings and noise reduction of fluid dynamic systems. However, the mechanism for controlling flow separation is not clearly defined, and this lack of knowledge prevents practical use of this technology. Therefore, large-scale computations for the study of the DBD plasma actuator have been conducted using the Japanese Petaflops supercomputer ‘K’ for three different Reynolds numbers. Numbers of new findings on the control of flow separation by the DBD plasma actuator have been obtained from the simulations, and some of them are presented in this study. Knowledge of suitable device parameters is also obtained. The DBD plasma actuator is clearly shown to be very effective for controlling flow separation at a Reynolds number of around 10
5
, and several times larger lift-to-drag ratio can be achieved at higher angles of attack after stall. For higher Reynolds numbers, separated flow is partially controlled. Flow analysis shows key features towards better control. DBD plasma actuators are a promising technology, which could reduce fuel consumption and contribute to a green environment by achieving high aerodynamic performance. The knowledge described above can be obtained only with high-end computers such as the supercomputer ‘K’.
Connectivity networks reveal the risks of crown‐of‐thorns starfish outbreaks on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Hock Karlo , Wolff Nicholas H. , Condie Scott A. , Anthony Kenneth R. N. , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Many ecosystems suffer systemwide outbreaks of damaging species propagating from primary outbreak sites. Connectivity patterns can identify parts of the ecosystem that help turn local outbreaks into a systemwide contagion through a series of transmission events. Here, we show that patterns of larval connectivity among reefs can help explain periodic crown‐of‐thorns starfish (COTS) epidemics across the Great Barrier Reef (GBR).

We simulated potential dispersal of COTS larvae to obtain a connectivity network of coral reefs across the entire GBR. Network analysis revealed areas of high local connectivity where any outbreaks could be amplified locally, as well as those areas with potential to cause large‐scale epidemics with ecosystem‐wide impacts.

We find that the regions where COTS epidemics are known to originate are predictable from their high local and systemwide connectivity. Extensive larval exchanges among reef clusters in these regions can start a chain reaction of COTS population build‐up. The same regions also have high potential to reach and affect other parts of the GBR, thereby maximizing the likelihood that any outbreaks would eventually propagate throughout the ecosystem.

Hydrodynamic properties and geography of the GBR make it vulnerable to COTS epidemics. Using network analysis to identify regions with high‐risk high‐impact sources could help control these devastating events in future.

Synthesis and applications. The observed centre of origin for COTS epidemics (the Cooktown–Cairns region) can be predicted from its elevated short‐ and long‐range levels of larval connectivity. Connectivity analysis of per‐reef risks provides spatially explicit targets to guide surveillance and control measures that might help curtail COTS epidemics through prioritization of highly connected reefs. The analytical approach developed here for COTS connectivity can also be applied to identify well‐connected patches and regions in other interconnected ecological systems.
Politique d'augmentation des taxes sur les cigarettes au Cameroun: Comment réaliser à la fois les objectifs de santé publique et de recettes fiscales
Authors: Nketcha Nana P.V. , Ndekouong Frank Kano , Ediellé Jackson Ngwa , Choub Faha Christophe Peguy 
Published: July 2014

RésuméL'augmentation des taxes sur les produits du tabac est largement promue comme politique efficace pour enrayer le tabagisme. Toutefois, les craintes que cette politique pourrait faire baisser les recettes fiscales contribuent à ralentir sa mise en œuvre dans la plupart des pays en développement. Cet article examine le problème dans le cas du Cameroun, notamment en essayant de déterminer le niveau optimal des taxes sur les cigarettes. À l'aide des données d'enquête auprès des fumeurs, nous estimons l'élasticité‐prix de la consommation des cigarettes, et nous simulons les effets que des hausses hypothétiques des taxes frappant les cigarettes pourraient avoir sur la consommation et les recettes fiscales. Les résultats permettent de souligner comment les pouvoirs publics pourraient, à travers une hausse substantielle des taxes sur les cigarettes, réaliser à la fois des objectifs de santé publique et de recettes fiscales.
Effects of HIV/AIDS and Microfinance of Women on Income, Medical Expenditures and Schooling in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Fofana Namizata Binaté , van Ophem Johan A. C. , Niehof Anke , Antonides Gerrit 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the issue of HIV and AIDS in relation to women, human capital and microfinance in Côte d'Ivoire. In total, 440 women and two microfinance institutions (MFIs) served as study units. The HIV epidemic negatively affected both the human and financial capital of households. The morbidity of HIV/AIDS‐affected respondents negatively influenced the level of their income. MFI credit failed to increase HIV‐positive women's income, while they faced higher medical expenditures than non‐affected women. At the household level, HIV had a negative effect on school enrolment of children. The inability of children to attend school shows the long‐term effect of HIV/AIDS on the level of education of future generations and accordingly its impact on their contribution to the development of the country.
Dental Use and Expenditures for Older Uninsured Americans: The Simulated Impact of Expanded Coverage
Authors: Manski Richard J. , Moeller John F. , Chen Haiyan , Schimmel Jody , Pepper John V. , St. Clair Patricia A. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo determine if providing dental insurance to older Americans would close the current gaps in dental use and expenditure between insured and uninsured older Americans.Data Sources/Study SettingWe used data from the 2008 Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) supplemented by data from the 2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).Study DesignWe compared the simulated dental use and expenditures rates of newly insured persons against the corresponding rates for those previously insured.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsThe HRS is a nationally representative survey administered by the Institute for Social Research (ISR). The MEPS is a nationally representative household survey sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).Principal FindingsWe found that expanding dental coverage to older uninsured Americans would close previous gaps in dental use and expense between uninsured and insured noninstitutionalized Americans 55 years and older.ConclusionsProviding dental coverage to previously uninsured older adults would produce estimated monthly costs net of markups for administrative costs that comport closely to current market rates. Estimates also suggest that the total cost of providing dental coverage targeted specifically to nonusers of dental care may be less than similar costs for prior users.
Optimized Aqueous Extraction of Saponins from Bitter Melon for Production of a Saponin‐Enriched Bitter Melon Powder
Authors: Tan Sing P. , Vuong Quan V. , Stathopoulos Costas E. , Parks Sophie E. , Roach Paul D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBitter melon, Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae), aqueous extracts are proposed to have health‐promoting properties due to their content of saponins and their antioxidant activity. However, the optimal conditions for the aqueous extraction of saponins from bitter melon and the effects of spray drying have not been established. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the aqueous extraction of the saponins from bitter melon, using response surface methodology, prepare a powder using spray drying, and compare the powder's physical properties, components, and antioxidant capacity with aqueous and ethanol freeze‐dried bitter melon powders and a commercial powder. The optimal aqueous extraction conditions were determined to be 40 °C for 15 min and the water‐to‐sample ratio was chosen to be 20:1 mL/g. For many of its physical properties, components, and antioxidant capacity, the aqueous spray‐dried powder was comparable to the aqueous and ethanol freeze‐dried bitter melon powders and the commercial powder. The optimal conditions for the aqueous extraction of saponins from bitter melon followed by spray drying gave a high quality powder in terms of saponins and antioxidant activity.