bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putting Your Money Where Your Mouth Is: The Value of Low Purchase Intention Consumers to Product Pricing
Authors: Bishop Melissa Maier , Barber Nelson A. 
Published: December 2013

Hypothetical bias is a common research problem in measuring intentions. This study examines differences in individuals' hypothetical and nonhypothetical willingness to pay (WTP) based on purchase intention level. The purpose of Study 1 is to see if hypothetical bias is affecting all groups of individuals when segmented by purchase intentions. The contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to assess to individuals' purchase intentions and hypothetical WTP for an environmentally friendly (EF) offering. Individuals then participated in an auction that required them to bid on the same offering, thus requiring an actual monetary commitment. Through segmenting individuals into three purchase intention groups (high, moderate, and low), WTP biases were found to be positively related to stated intention level. High and moderate purchase intenders significantly overstated their hypothetical WTP. However, low purchase intenders did not. Further, no significant differences existed in nonhypothetical WTP between the three groups. The price that low purchase intenders were willing to pay through the CVM represented closely what they and the rest of the market were willing to pay in practice.The purpose of Study 2 was to examine several reasons why higher purchase intenders may be overstating their hypothetical WTP, with normative pressure and social desirability bias taken into consideration. Individuals indicated their purchase intentions and hypothetical WTP for an EF and a non‐EF product, and then participated in an auction. The higher purchase intenders again overstated their actual WTP for both products, whereas low purchase intenders did not. Results suggest that both normative pressure and social desirability bias contribute to hypothetical bias for products that carry a normative dimension (EF products). Controlling for these two factors eliminated the differences between hypothetical and nonhypothetical WTP. For products that did not have a normative component (non‐EF products), controlling for social desirability eliminated the gap between the hypothetical and nonhypothetical WTP amounts.A main implication from this research is that hypothetical bias is not a universal phenomenon and does not operate equally in all groups of purchase intenders. Marketers may want to consider only using lower purchase intenders in their pricing estimates for new products, especially for those that carry a normative component. Further, the CVM has received much criticism for measuring hypothetical WTP. However, estimates produced by the CVM were nearly exact for the low purchase intender group and were reliable when controlling for social desirability bias and normative pressure for the higher purchase intenders.
Hematoma or “Partial Priapism” in the Proximal Part of the Corpus Cavernosum
Authors: Kropman René Franciscus , Schipper Jaap 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Introduction
“Partial priapism” is a rare disorder. Therapy is controversial in literature.

Aim
To show that conservative treatment leads to a full functional recovery of this condition.

Methods
This report describes a case of a hematoma or “partial priapism” in the proximal part of the right corpus cavernosum.

Results
Complete functional recovery after conservative treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Conclusion
“Partial priapism” probably represents a hematoma in the interstitium of the proximal part of the corpus cavernosum. Conservative treatment is advised.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy Improves Metabolic Parameters in Hypogonadal Men with Type 2 Diabetes but Not in Men with Coexisting Depression: The BLAST Study
Authors: Hackett Geoffrey , Cole Nigel , Bhartia Mithun , Kennedy David , Raju Jessie , Wilkinson Peter , the BLAST Study Group  
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Introduction
The association between testosterone deficiency and insulin resistance in men with type 2 diabetes is well established and current endocrine society guidelines recommend the measurement of testosterone levels in all men with type 2 diabetes or erectile dysfunction.

Aim
We report the first double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted exclusively in a male type 2 diabetes population to assess metabolic changes with long-acting testosterone undecanoate (TU).

Methods
The type 2 diabetes registers of seven general practices identified 211 patients for a 30-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study of long-acting TU 1,000 mg followed by 52 weeks of open-label use. Because of the established impact of age, obesity, and depression on sexual function, these variables were also assessed for influence on metabolic parameters.

Main Outcome Measure
Changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the level of testosterone at which response are achieved.

Results
Treatment with TU produced a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c at 6 and 18 weeks and after a further 52 weeks of open-label medication most marked in poorly controlled patients with baseline HbA1c greater than 7.5 where the reduction was 0.41% within 6 weeks, and a further 0.46% after 52 weeks of open-label use. There was significant reduction in waist circumference, weight, and body mass index in men without depression, and improvements were related to achieving adequate serum levels of testosterone. There were no significant safety issues.

Conclusions
Testosterone replacement therapy significantly improved HbA1c, total cholesterol, and waist circumference in men with type 2 diabetes. Improvements were less marked in men with depression at baseline, and therapeutic responses were related to achieving adequate serum testosterone levels. Current advice on 3- to 6-month trials of therapy may be insufficient to achieve maximal response. Patients reported significant improvements in general health.
Functional traits behind the association between climbers and subordinate woody species
Authors: Garbin Mário L. , Sánchez‐Tapia Andrea , Carrijo Tatiana T. , Sansevero Jerônimo B.B. , Scarano Fabio R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractQuestionFunctional differences among climber species may reflect different strategies to cope with the environment created by the set of trees and shrubs used to reach the canopy. Moreover, climber diversity may be promoted and maintained by associations with subordinate woody species. Considering that functional differences among climbers may reflect this relationship, we aimed to identify trait differences among climbers, and the traits related to the association between climbers and woody species.LocationRestinga de Jurubatiba National Park, a tropical sandy coastal plant community in southeast Brazil.MethodsRelative abundances of climbers and shrubs/trees were surveyed, and climber species were described by a set of traits related to dispersal, establishment and persistence. Principal coordinate analysis was used to identify trait differences among climbers. Further, we performed principal components analysis in a community‐weighted mean trait values matrix (CWM) and compared the major pattern of variation with the abundance of dominant and subordinate woody species, and with environmental variables.ResultsThe analyses revealed functional traits behind the association between climbers and subordinate woody species. These species are mostly characterized by the presence of latex and dry fruits, anemochorous dispersal and stem twining climbing strategy. They were associated with the subordinate shrub Erythroxylum subsessile. Tendril climbers were more generalist and were also characterized by zoochoric dispersal and the presence of endosperm.ConclusionsThe associative behaviour between climbers and the subordinate shrub E. subsessile is explained by a specific set of traits present in species of the same plant family, Apocynaceae. While stem twiners were positively associated with the specialist nurse E. subsessile, tendril climbers were associated with the dominant nurses. These results offer clues to understand the presence of specialist and generalist groups of climber species in tropical plant communities, as well as community assembly through facilitation driven by subordinate species.
Comparative phylogeography in marginal seas of the northwestern Pacific
Authors: Ni Gang , Li QI , Kong Lingfeng , Yu Hong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe maturation of marine phylogeography depends on integration of comparative information across different regions globally. The northwestern Pacific, characterized by unique tectonic setting, however, is still underrepresented. This study seeks to highlight its phylogeographical history based on the available population data, focusing on three seas: the East China Sea (ECS), the South China Sea (SCS) and the Sea of Japan (SOJ). We first conducted a literature survey to evaluate current research efforts and then reanalysed the population structure, historical demography and genealogy for two selections of studies (namely ‘the ECS category’ and ‘the multiple‐sea category’) to elucidate the evolutionary processes within and across the seas, respectively. For the ECS category, the meta‐analyses revealed most studies displayed a shallow phylogeny, indicating a single origin from the sea. Significant population structure was commonplace, particularly in molluck and crustacean studies, with proportions of 89% and 80%, respectively. Nearly all studies selected showed signals of population expansion: the times estimated were closely linked to a period of ~120–140 Kya rather than the last glacial maximum. For the latter category, divergent intraspecific lineages appeared among seas and overlapped in the adjacent regions, a pattern implying each sea had served as an independent refugium during glaciations. The genetic splits, however, were estimated to arise from separate events dating from late Miocene to middle Pleistocene. As phylogeography is still in its infancy in the region, more effort is needed to test and complement the general rules abstracted here. Finally, challenges and prospects were discussed to accelerate further research.
6S RNA: recent answers – future questions
Authors: Steuten Benedikt , Schneider Sabine , Wagner Rolf 
Published: December 2013

Summary6S RNA is a non‐coding RNA, found in almost all phylogenetic branches of bacteria. Through its conserved secondary structure, resembling open DNA promoters, it binds to RNA polymerase and interferes with transcription at many promoters. That way, it functions as transcriptional regulator facilitating adaptation to stationary phase conditions. Strikingly, 6S RNA acts as template for the synthesis of small RNAs (pRNA), which trigger the disintegration of the inhibitory RNA polymerase‐6S RNA complex releasing 6S RNA‐dependent repression. The regulatory implications of 6S RNAs vary among different bacterial species depending on the lifestyle and specific growth conditions that they have to face. The influence of 6S RNA can be seen on many different processes including stationary growth, sporulation, light adaptation or intracellular growth of pathogenic bacteria. Recent structural and functional studies have yielded details of the interaction between E. coli 6S RNA and RNA polymerase. Genome‐wide transcriptome analyses provided insight into the functional diversity of 6S RNAs. Moreover, the mechanism and physiological consequences of pRNA synthesis have been explored in several systems. A major function of 6S RNA as a guardian regulating the economic use of cellular resources under limiting conditions and stress emerges as a common perception from numerous recent studies.
Spatial variation in maximum dive depth in gray seals in relation to foraging
Authors: Photopoulou Theoni , Fedak Michael A. , Thomas Len , Matthiopoulos Jason 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHabitat preference maps are a way of representing animals' space use in two dimensions. For marine animals, the third dimension is an important aspect of spatial ecology. We used dive data from seven gray seals Halichoerus grypus (a primarily benthic forager) collected with GPS phone tags (Sea Mammal Research Unit) to investigate the distribution of the maximum depth visited in each dive. We modeled maximum dive depth as a function of spatiotemporal covariates using a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) with individual as a random effect. Bathymetry, horizontal displacement, latitude and longitude, Julian day, sediment type, and light conditions accounted for 37% of the variability in the data. Persistent patterns of autocorrelation in the raw data suggest that individual intrinsic rhythm might be an important factor, not captured by external covariates. The strength of using this statistical method to generate spatial predictions of the distribution of maximum dive depth is its applicability to other plunge and pursuit divers. Despite being predictions of a point estimate, these maps provide some insight into the third dimension of habitat use in marine animals. The capacity to predict this aspect of vertical habitat use may help avoid conflict between animal habitat and coastal or offshore developments.
Hematological, biochemical, and morphological parameters as prognostic indicators for stranded common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Authors: Sharp Sarah M. , Knoll Joyce S. , Moore Michael J. , Moore Kathleen M. , Harry Charles T. , Hoppe Jane M. , Niemeyer Misty E. , Robinson Ian , Rose Kathryn S. , Brian Sharp W. , Rotstein David 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe current paucity of published blood values and other clinically relevant data for short‐beaked common dolphins, Delphinus delphis, hinders the ability of veterinarians and responders to make well‐informed diagnoses and disposition decisions regarding live strandings of this species. This study examined hematologic, clinical chemistry, and physical parameters from 26 stranded common dolphins on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in light of their postrelease survival data to evaluate each parameter's efficacy as a prognostic indicator. Statistically and clinically significant differences were found between failed and survived dolphins, including lower hematocrit, hemoglobin, TCO2, and bicarbonate and higher blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and length‐to‐girth ratios in animals that failed. In general when compared to survivors, failed dolphins exhibited acidosis, dehydration, lower PCVs, and decreased body condition. Additionally, failed dolphins had the highest ALT, AST, CK, LDH, GGT, and lactate values. These blood values combined with necropsy findings indicate that there are likely a variety of factors affecting postrelease survival, including both preexisting illness and stranding‐induced conditions such as capture myopathy. Closer evaluation of these parameters for stranded common dolphins on point of care analyzers in the field may allow stranding personnel to make better disposition decisions in the future.
Development of NILs from heterogeneous inbred families for validating the rust resistance QTL in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Yeri Sharanabasappa B. , Shirasawa Kenta , Pandey Manish K. , Gowda M. V. C. , Sujay Vanhi , Shriswathi Manda , Nadaf Hajisaheb L. , Motagi Babu N. , Lingaraju S. , Bhat A. R. S. , Varshney Rajeev K. , Krishnaraj P. U. , Bhat Ramesh S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHeterogeneous inbred families segregating for rust resistance were identified from the two crosses involving susceptible (TAG 24 and TG 26) and resistant (GPBD 4) varieties of peanut. Rust‐resistant (less than score 5) and rust‐susceptible (more than score 5) plants were identified in each HIF and evaluated under rust epiphytotic conditions. The set of plants belonging to the same HIF, but differing significantly in rust resistance, not in other morphological and productivity traits, was regarded as near‐isogenic lines (NILs). Largely, rust‐resistant NILs had GPBD 4‐type allele, and susceptible NILs carried either TAG 24 or TG 26‐type allele at the three SSR loci (IPAHM103, GM1536 and GM2301) linked to a major genomic region governing rust resistance. Comparison of the remaining genomic regions between the NILs originating from each of the HIFs using transposon markers indicated a considerably high similarity of 86.4% and 83.1% in TAG 24 × GPPBD 4 and TG 26 × GPBD 4, respectively. These NILs are useful for fine mapping and expression analysis of rust resistance.
Growth, trichome size and akinete production of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (cyanobacteria) under different temperatures: Comparison of two strains isolated from the same pond
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshimasa , Shiah Fuh‐Kwo 
Published: December 2013

SummaryCoiled morphotype Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya et Subba Raju that forms a water bloom in a shallow pond in northern Taiwan exhibits a negative correlation between trichome size and temperature. To investigate how temperature influences the growth and trichome size of C. raciborskii, two C. raciborskii strains isolated from the pond in August and February were grown at three temperatures (18, 24 and 30°C). Both strains exhibited the lowest and highest specific growth rates at 18°C and 24°C, respectively, and the trichomes became the largest at 18°C. However, specific growth rates of the strain isolated in August exceeded those of the strain isolated in February, and the trichomes of the strain isolated in February were larger than those of the strain isolated in August regardless of temperature. Moreover, although both strains produced larger numbers of akinetes at higher temperatures, the strain isolated in August produced many more akinetes than did the other. These findings suggest that the two strains are not identical, leading to the conclusion that the C. raciborskii population in the pond consists of at least two ecotypes. Large trichome formation and akinete production are thought to be different types of countermeasure against cold of C. raciborskii, and the patterns of investment in developing these functions seemed to vary between the strains.
Complete Genome of Bacillus megaterium Podophage Pony
Authors: Khatemi Brontee E. , Chung On Christopher C. , Chamakura Karthik R. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Bacillus megaterium
podophage Pony was isolated from a soil sample collected in College Station, TX. Here, we report the sequencing and annotation of the 39,844-bp genome of phage Pony and describe the major features identified.
Complete Genome of Bacillus pumilus Siphophage Riggi
Authors: Still Emily L. , Riggi Catarina F. , Chamakura Karthik R. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Bacillus pumilus
is primarily used in the agricultural industry to promote plant growth and provide resistance to bacterial and fungal plant diseases. It has recently, however, been shown to cause disease in humans. Here, we announce the complete genome of
B. pumilus
phage Riggi.
Complete Genome of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.
sepedonicusis
Siphophage CN1A
Authors: Kongari Rohit R. , Yao Guichun W. , Chamakura Karthik R. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Clavibacter michiganensis
subsp.
sepedonicusis
is a Gram-positive actinomycete that is the causative agent of the potato disease ring rot. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of the
Clavibacter michiganensis
subsp.
sepedonicusis
siphophage CN1A. CN1A is only the second fully sequenced
Clavibacter michiganensis
subsp.
sepedonicusis
phage reported to date. Core and unique features of its genome are described.
Complete Genome of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Myophage Marshall
Authors: Luna Adrian J. , Wood Thammajun L. , Chamakura Karthik R. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis is a food-borne pathogen that causes salmonellosis in the United States. Bacteriophages are emerging as viable biocontrol agents against this pathogen. Here, we present the complete annotated genome sequence of
Salmonella
Enteritidis T4-like myophage Marshall, which has potential as a phage therapy agent.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Epidemic and Highly Virulent CTX-M-15-Producing
H
30-Rx Subclone of Escherichia coli ST131
Authors: Andersen Paal S. , Stegger Marc , Aziz Maliha , Contente-Cuomo Tania , Gibbons Henry S. , Keim Paul , Sokurenko Evgeni V. , Johnson James R. , Price Lance B. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence, including five complete plasmid sequences, of
Escherichia coli
ST131 isolate JJ1886. The isolate was obtained in 2007 in the United States from a patient with fatal urosepsis and belongs to the virulent, CTX-M-15-producing
H
30-Rx sublineage.
Draft Genome Sequence of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Serratia fonticola Strain AU-AP2C, Isolated from the Pea Rhizosphere
Authors: Devi Usha , Khatri Indu , Kumar Navinder , Sharma Deepak , Subramanian Srikrishna , Saini Adesh K. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Plant health can be augmented by plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that confer biofertilizer, phytostimulation, and biocontrol activities. Herein, we provide the high-quality draft genome sequence of
Serratia fonticola
strain AU-AP2C, a Gram-negative motile PGPR of the pea plant, conferring phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, and antifungal activity against
Fusarium
sp. The 4.9-Mb genome contains genes related to plant growth promotion and synthesis of siderophores.
What parents want from doctors in end-of-life decision-making for children
Authors: Sullivan J , Monagle P , Gillam L 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveEnd-of-life decision-making is difficult for everyone involved, as many studies have shown. Within this complexity, there has been little information on how parents see the role of doctors in end-of-life decision-making for children. This study aimed to examine parents’ views and experiences of end-of-life decision-making.DesignA qualitative method with a semistructured interview design was used.SettingParent participants were living in the community.ParticipantsTwenty-five bereaved parents.Main outcomesParents reported varying roles taken by doctors: being the provider of information without opinion; giving information and advice as to the decision that should be taken; and seemingly being the decision maker for the child. The majority of parents found their child's doctor enabled them to be the ultimate decision maker for their child, which was what they very clearly wanted to be, and consequently enabled them to exercise their parental autonomy. Parents found it problematic when doctors took over decision-making. A less frequently reported, yet significant role for doctors was to affirm decisions after they had been made by parents. Other important aspects of the doctor's role were to provide follow-up support and referral.ConclusionsUnderstanding the role that doctors take in end-of-life decisions, and the subsequent impact of that role from the perspective of parents can form the basis of better informed clinical practice.