bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty in Social Anxiety Subtypes
Authors: Whiting Sara E. , Jenkins Whitney S. , May Anna C. , Rudy Brittany M. , Davis Thompson E. , Reuther Erin T. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesIntolerance of uncertainty (IU) is thought to underlie several internalizing disorders; however, it has only begun to be explored within social anxiety (SA). This study extends previous findings by examining IU's relation to performance and interaction SA subtypes and by accounting for obsessive‐compulsive symptoms.MethodsA total of 472 undergraduates completed measures of IU, SA, perfectionism, worry, obsessions/compulsions, and fear of negative evaluation (FNE).ResultsIU and obsessions/compulsions predicted performance SA beyond FNE. IU predicted interaction SA beyond FNE. Inhibitory anxiety IU contributed to both SA types but contributed more to performance SA. Prospective anxiety IU was negatively related to performance SA and unrelated to interaction SA, though a trend emerged. Contrasts between those high in one SA type, both, or neither revealed IU was highest when both types were present.ConclusionsInhibitory IU plays a significant role in both SA subtypes and may play a slightly greater role in performance SA.
Characteristics of the designer drug and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist AM‐2201 regarding its chemistry and metabolism
Authors: Hutter Melanie , Moosmann Bjoern , Kneisel Stefan , Auwärter Volker 
Published: July 2013

Aminoalkylindoles, a subclass of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists, show an extensive and complex metabolism in vivo, and due to their structural similarity, they can be challenging in terms of unambiguous assignment of metabolic patterns in urine samples to consumed substances. The situation may even be more complicated as these drugs are usually smoked, and the high temperature exposure may lead to formation of artifacts.Typical metabolites of JWH‐018 (Naphthalen‐1‐yl(1‐pentyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methanone) were reportedly detected not only in urine samples collected after consumption of JWH‐018 but also after AM‐2201 (1‐(5‐fluoropentyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐(naphthalene‐1‐yl)methanone) use. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate if typical JWH‐018 metabolites can be formed metabolically in humans and if JWH‐018 may be formed artifactually during smoking of AM‐2201. Therefore, one of the authors ingested 5 mg of pure AM‐2201, and serum as well as urine samples were analyzed subsequently. Additionally, the smoke condensate from a cigarette laced with pure AM‐2201 was investigated. In addition, urine samples of patients after known consumption of AM‐2201 or JWH‐018 were evaluated.The results of the study prove that typical metabolites of JWH‐018 and JWH‐073 are built in humans after ingestion of AM‐2201. However, the N‐(4‐hydroxypentyl) metabolite of JWH‐018, which is the major metabolite after JWH‐018 use, was not detected after the self‐experiment. In the smoke condensate, small amounts of JWH‐018 and JWH‐022 (Naphthalen‐1‐yl[1‐(pent‐4‐en‐1‐yl)‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl]methanone) were detected. Nevertheless, the results of our study suggest that the amounts absorbed by smoking do not significantly influence the metabolic pattern in urine samples.Therefore, the N‐(4‐hydroxypentyl) metabolite of JWH‐018 can serve as a valuable marker to distinguish consume of products containing AM‐2201 from JWH‐018 use. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of stress‐shielding on the dynamic viscoelasticity and ordering of the collagen fibers in rabbit Achilles tendon
Authors: Ikoma Kazuya , Kido Masamitsu , Nagae Masateru , Ikeda Takumi , Shirai Toshiharu , Ueshima Keiichiro , Arai Yuji , Oda Ryo , Fujiwara Hiroyoshi , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe investigated the effects of stress‐shielding on both viscoelastic properties and microstructure of collagen fibers in the Achilles tendon by proton double‐quantum filtered (1H‐DQF) NMR spectroscopy. The right hind‐limbs of 20 Japanese white rabbits were immobilized for 4 weeks in a cast with the ankle in plantarflexion. Dynamic viscoelasticity of the Achilles tendons was measured using a viscoelastic spectrometer. Proton DQF NMR signals were analyzed to determine the residual dipolar coupling of bound water molecules in the Achilles tendons. Both the dynamic storage modulus (E′) and dynamic loss modulus (E″) decreased significantly in the Achilles tendons of the stress‐shielding group. The results of the 1H‐DQF NMR examination demonstrated significantly reduced residual dipolar coupling in the Achilles tendons of this same group. The disorientation of collagen fibers by stress‐shielding should contribute to degradation of the dynamic storage and loss moduli. The alterations of the collagen fiber orientation that contributed to the function of tendinous tissue can be evaluated by performing an analysis of 1H DQF NMR spectroscopy. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1708–1712, 2013
Energy metabolism of intervertebral disc under mechanical loading
Authors: Wang Chong , Gonzales Silvia , Levene Howard , Gu Weiyong , Huang Chun‐Yuh Charles 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is closely associated with low back pain (LBP), which is a major health concern in the U.S. Cellular biosynthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is important for maintaining tissue integrity and preventing tissue degeneration, is an energy demanding process. Due to impaired nutrient support in avascular IVD, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply could be a limiting factor for maintaining normal ECM synthesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the energy metabolism in the annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) of porcine IVD under static and dynamic compressions. Under compression, pH decreased and the contents of lactate and ATP increased significantly in both AF and NP regions, suggesting that compression can promote ATP production via glycolysis and reduce pH by increasing lactate accumulation. A high level of extracellular ATP content was detected in the NP region and regulated by compressive loading. Since ATP can serve not only as an intra‐cellular energy currency, but also as a regulator of a variety of cellular activities extracellularly through the purinergic signaling pathway, our findings suggest that compression‐mediated ATP metabolism could be a novel mechanobiological pathway for regulating IVD metabolism. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1733–1738, 2013
Implementation of a novel otolaryngology clinic for indigent patients
Authors: Shuman Andrew G. , Kupfer Robbi , Simpson Katherine , Cederna Jean , Cederna Paul S. , Salow Paul , Bradford Carol R. , McKean Erin L. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThis study was designed to describe the implementation, utilization, and outcomes of an otolaryngology clinic for indigent patients employing a novel design.Study DesignPilot study.MethodsA tertiary‐care academic otolaryngology department partnered with a nonprofit outpatient clinic for indigent patients in order to provide free subspecialty consultation services. A novel format was utilized in which the department provided on‐site, scheduled outpatient multidisciplinary consultation on weekends, staffed by volunteer health care providers and ancillary staff. A review of the program was conducted using prospectively collected data. Clinic design, staffing, utilization, and feasibility were described, along with demographic and clinical data for all patients participating in the clinic from October 2010 through January 2012.ResultsFive clinics were held over 15 months, totaling 74 patient visits, with positive feedback regarding accessibility and quality of services provided. A total of 60 procedures were performed, including audiograms, endoscopies, otologic procedures, biopsies and/or excisions. The estimated value of medical services that were provided was $37,302. Four potentially life‐threatening conditions were newly diagnosed. Twenty patients received conclusive evaluation and treatment at the time of their first visit. Eighteen patients required further subspecialty treatment and/or surgery that could not be provided in the outpatient setting, and were referred appropriately.ConclusionsThe partnership between an academic otolaryngology department and a nonprofit clinic provided free on‐site consultation for indigent patients. Such an arrangement is feasible, well utilized, and successful in delivering comprehensive specialized services to indigent patients who lack traditional access to medical care. Laryngoscope, 123:2142–2147, 2013
Effectiveness of subcutaneous immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Erekosima Nkiruka , Suarez‐Cuervo Catalina , Ramanathan Murugappan , Kim Julia M. , Chelladurai Yohalakshmi , Segal Jodi B. , Lin Sandra Y. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo systematically review the effectiveness and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma, using formulations currently approved in the United States.Study DesignWe searched the following databases up to May 21, 2012: MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials published in English comparing SCIT to placebo, pharmacotherapy, or other SCIT regimens that reported clinical outcomes of interest. Studies of adults or mixed age populations were included. Studies were excluded if the diagnosis of allergy and/or asthma was not confirmed with objective testing. Paired reviewers selected articles for inclusion and extracted data. We assessed the risk of bias for each study and graded the strength of evidence for each outcome as high, moderate, or low.ResultsSixty‐one studies met our inclusion criteria. Majority of the studies (66%) evaluated single‐allergen immunotherapy regimens. The literature provides high‐grade evidence that SCIT reduces asthma symptoms, asthma medication usage, rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms, conjunctivitis symptoms, and rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis disease‐specific quality of life in comparison to placebo or usual care. There is moderate evidence that SCIT decreases rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis medication usage. Respiratory reactions were the most common systemic reaction. There were few reports of anaphylaxis; no deaths were reported.ConclusionsGenerally moderate to strong evidence supports the effectiveness of SCIT for treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma, particularly with single‐allergen immunotherapy regimens. Adverse reactions to SCIT are common, but no deaths were reported in the included studies.Level of Evidence1a. Laryngoscope, 124:616–627, 2014
Endothelin‐1 gene polymorphism in sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Uchida Yasue , Teranishi Masaaki , Nishio Naoki , Sugiura Saiko , Hiramatsu Mariko , Suzuki Hidenori , Kato Ken , Otake Hironao , Yoshida Tadao , Tagaya Mitsuhiko , Suzuki Hirokazu , Sone Michihiko , Ando Fujiko , Shimokata Hiroshi , Nakashima Tsutomu 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisEndothelin‐1 is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide that is widely distributed throughout the mammalian body including the spiral modiolar artery, vestibule, and cochlea. This study aimed to investigate the association between the Lys198Asn (G/T) polymorphism (rs5370) of the endothelin‐1 gene and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).Study DesignCase‐control study.MethodsSeventy‐two SSNHL patients (mean age, 58.3 ± 14.0 years) were compared with 2,159 controls included in a community‐based study of aging. Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) for SSNHL. In subgroup analysis, patients with SSNHL who visited to the hospital within the first month of onset were selected to assess audiometric features according to genotype. Pure‐tone averages at 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz were calculated in the affected ear.ResultsUnder the recessive genetic model, after adjustment for age, sex, histories of hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, the crude and adjusted ORs for SSNHL risk were 2.209 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.140‐4.281) and 2.173 (95% CI: 1.086‐4.348), respectively. No significant ORs were observed under the additive and dominant models. The severity of SSNHL differed significantly between genotypes. The mean pure‐tone averages at the initial visit were 78.6, 66.4, and 57.8 dB for the GG, GT, and TT genotypes, respectively (P = .034).ConclusionsOur study indicates that the recessive genotype was significantly associated with increased SSNHL risk; however, the severity was lower in these individuals than it was in those with the wild‐type genotype. Endothelin‐1 may be implicated in SSNHL.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 123:E59–E65, 2013
Pattern of cervical lymph node metastasis in medial wall pyriform sinus carcinoma
Authors: Chung Eun‐Jae , Lee Sang‐Hyo , Baek So‐Hye , Park Il‐Seok , Cho Sung‐Jin , Rho Young‐Soo 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and distribution of histologic cervical lymph node metastases in medial wall pyriform sinus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Study DesignRetrospective study of medical records.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 68 medial wall pyriform sinus SCC patients who underwent bilateral neck dissection for primary treatment with curative intent. Thirty‐nine patients underwent central compartment neck dissection. Primary tumor was removed using conservative laryngeal surgery with partial pharyngectomy in 39 cases, near total/total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy in 24 cases, and total laryngopharyngectomy in five cases.ResultsThe overall N+ contralateral lymph nodes rate on pathology was 14.7%. The rate of contralateral occult cases was 5.2%. Advanced primary (T3–4) and nodal (N2b–3) disease, and primary lesion across the midline were correlated with contralateral nodal metastasis. Multivariate analysis revealed that a primary lesion across the midline was an independent factor for contralateral neck nodal metastasis. The rate of level VI node metastasis was 16.2%. The disease‐specific survival rate was significantly different according to level VI node metastasis (71% vs. 40%). Pyriform sinus apex invasion and extralaryngeal spread were correlated with level VI nodal metastasis. Multivariate analysis revealed that pyriform sinus apex invasion was an independent factor for level VI nodal metastasis.ConclusionsContralateral nodal metastasis was less frequent than expected. Bilateral neck dissection is mandatory for primary lesion across the midline. Ipsilateral level VI lymph node should be removed in pyriform sinus apex invasion cases.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:882–887, 2014
Analysis of used frying oils
Authors: Dobarganes Carmen , Márquez‐Ruiz Gloria 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe analysis of used frying oils to ensure quality of fried foods has become a subject of great concern for health administrations, food processors and consumers, especially since some compounds formed at high temperatures impair the nutritional value of fats and have adverse health effects. At present, three lines of research on the analysis of frying oils stand out: first, development of techniques for the quantitative analysis of the new compounds formed; second, the evaluation of useful rapid methods to be applied in situ for monitoring oil quality in fried food outlets; and third, the application of the most advanced analytical techniques to delve into the structure of individual oxidized compounds present in fried foods.
The importance of fatty acids in glycaemic response
Authors: Henry Jeyakumar , Shu‐Fen Claudia Leong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMost diets worldwide are composed of high carbohydrate foods. Their consumption is associated with a rapid rise in blood glucose. The potential role that the degree of saturation of fatty acids may have in glycaemic response forms the basis of this paper. The addition of butter, olive oil or grapeseed oil significantly reduced the glycaemic index of white bread (white bread GI = 71; bread + butter GI = 53, bread + grapeseed oil GI = 58; bread+ olive oil GI = 50. The addition of olive oil had the greatest impact on GI. Olive oil has been widely recommended for its impact on blood lipids and cholesterol. Olive oil's influence on glycaemic response spawns a new line of research that should examine the role of lipids in carbohydrate metabolism.
The topological gradient in anisotropic elasticity with an eye towards lightweight design
Authors: Schneider Matti , Andrä Heiko 
Published: July 2013

We derive a representation formula for the topological gradient with respect to arbitrary quadratic yield functionals and anisotropic elastic materials, thus laying the theoretical foundations for topological sensitivity analysis in lightweight design. For compliance, minimization involving general anisotropic materials and ellipsoidal perturbations, we give a closed formula for the topological gradient, enabling topology optimization of integrated designs involving several reinforced materials. If the materials are transversely isotropic and the perturbations are spheriodal, we even obtain an analytical formula. For general anisotropy, recent advances in the computation of Eshelby's tensor enable rapid numerical computation of the topological gradient.Restricting to isotropic materials and spheroidal inclusions, we obtain an analytical formula for minimizing isotropic yield functionals with applications to microscale‐scale sensitivity analysis of fiber reinforced composites or reinforcing analysis of brittle materials. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence of blood T2on oxygenation at 7 T: In vitro calibration and in vivo application
Authors: Krishnamurthy Lisa C. , Liu Peiying , Xu Feng , Uh Jinsoo , Dimitrov Ivan , Lu Hanzhang 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe calibratable relationship between blood oxygenation (Y) andT2allows quantification of cerebral venous oxygenation. We aim to establish a calibration plot between bloodT2,Y, and hematocrit at 7 T, and usingT2‐relaxation‐under‐spin‐tagging MRI, determine human venous blood oxygenation in vivo.MethodsIn vitro experiments were performed at 7 T on bovine blood samples using a Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill‐T2sequence, from which we characterized the relationship amongT2,Y, and hematocrit. T2‐relaxation‐under‐spin‐tagging MRI was implemented at 7 T to measure venous bloodT2in vivo, from which oxygenation was estimated using the in vitro calibration plot. Hyperoxia was performed to test the sensitivity of the method to oxygenation changes, and the 7 T results were compared with those at 3 T.ResultsIn vitro data showed that arterial and venousT2at 7 T are 68 and 20 ms, respectively, at a typical hematocrit of 0.42. In vivo measurement showed a cerebral venous oxygenation of 64.7 ± 5.0% and a test‐retest coefficient‐of‐variation of 3.6 ± 2.4%. Hyperoxia increasedYvby 9.0 ± 1.4% (P= 0.001) and the 3 and 7 T results showed a strong correlation (R= 0.95) across individuals.ConclusionWe provided an in vitro calibration plot for conversion of bloodT2to oxygenation at 7 T and demonstrated its utility in vivo. Magn Reson Med 71:2035–2042, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organosoluble polyimides derived from asymmetric 2‐substituted‐and 2,2′,6‐trisubstituted‐4,4′‐oxydianilines
Authors: Chen Jyh‐Chien , Wu Jin‐An , Chang Hui‐Wen , Lee Ching‐Yi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe report a new method for the preparation of asymmetric diamines using 4,4′‐oxydianiline (4,4′‐ODA) as the starting material. By controlling the equivalents of bromination agent, N‐bromosuccinimide, we were able to attach bromide and phenyl substituents at the 2‐ or 2,2′,6‐positions of 4,4′‐ODA. Thus, four new asymmetric aromatic diamines, 2‐bromo‐4,4′‐oxydianiline (6), 2,2′,6‐tribromo‐4,4′‐oxydianiline (7), 2‐phenyl‐4,4′‐oxydianiline (8) and 2,2′,6‐triphenyl‐4,4′‐oxydianiline (9), were synthesized by this method. Their structural asymmetry was confirmed using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Asymmetric polyimides (PI10–PI13) were prepared from these diamines and three different dianhydrides (pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and 2,2‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride) in refluxing m‐cresol. The formed polyimides, except PI10a derived from 6 and PMDA, were all soluble in m‐cresol without premature precipitation during polymerization. These polyimides with inherent viscosity of 0.41–0.96 dL g−1, measured at a concentration of 0.5 g dL−1 in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone at 30 °C, can form tough and flexible films. Because of the structural asymmetry, they also exhibited enhanced solubility in organic solvents. Especially, polyimides PI11a and PI13a derived from 7 and 9 with rigid PMDA were soluble in various organic solvents at room temperature. The structural asymmetry of the prepared polyimides was also evidenced from 1H NMR spectroscopy. In the 1H NMR spectrum of PI11a, the protons of pyromellitic moiety appeared in an area ratio of 1:2:1 at three different chemical shifts, which were assigned to head‐to‐head, head‐to‐tail and tail‐to‐tail configurations, respectively. These polyimides also exhibited good thermal stability. Their glass transition temperatures ranged from 297 to 344 °C measured using thermal mechanical analysis. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Cognition and gait show a distinct pattern of association in the general population
Authors: Verlinden Vincentius J.A. , van der Geest Jos N. , Hofman Albert , Ikram M. Arfan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundWith brain aging, cognition and gait deteriorate in several domains. However, the interrelationship between cognitive and gait domains remains unclear. We investigated the independent associations between cognitive and gait domains in a community‐dwelling population.MethodsIn the Rotterdam Study, 1232 participants underwent cognitive and gait assessment. Cognitive assessment included memory, information processing speed, fine motor speed, and executive function. Gait was summarized into seven independent domains: Rhythm, Variability, Phases, Pace, Tandem, Turning, and Base of Support. With multivariate linear regression, independent associations between cognitive and gait domains were investigated.ResultsInformation processing speed associated with Rhythm, fine motor speed with Tandem, and executive function with Pace. The effect sizes corresponded to a 5‐ to 10‐year deterioration in gait.ConclusionsCognition and gait show a distinct pattern of association. These data accentuate the close, but complicated, relation between cognition and gait, and they may aid in unraveling the broader spectrum of the effects of brain aging.