bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the Properties of Polynuclear Superhalogens without Halogen Ligand via ab Initio Calculations: A Case Study on Double‐Bridged [Mg2(CN)5]−1 Anions
Authors: Li Jin‐Feng , Li Miao‐Miao , Bai Hongcun , Sun Yin‐Yin , Li Jian‐Li , Yin Bing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn ab initio study of the superhalogen properties of eighteen binuclear double‐bridged [Mg2(CN)5]−1 clusters is reported herein by using various theoretical methods. High‐level CCSD(T) results indicate that all the clusters possess strong superhalogen properties owing to their high vertical electron detachment energies (VDEs), which exceed 6.8 eV (highest: 8.15 eV). The outer valence Green's function method provides inaccurate relative VDE values; hence, this method is not suitable for this kind of polynuclear superhalogens. Both the HF and MP2 results are generally consistent with the CCSD(T) level regarding the relative VDE values and—especially interesting—the average values of the HF and MP2 VDEs are extremely close to the CCSD(T) results. The distributions of the extra electrons of the anions are mainly aggregated into the terminal CN units. These distributions are apparently different from those of previously reported triple‐bridged isomers and may be the reason for the decreased VDE values of the clusters. In addition, comparisons of the VDEs of binuclear and mononuclear superhalogens as well as studies of the thermodynamic stabilities with respect to the detachment of various CN−1 ligands are also performed. These results confirm that polynuclear structures with pseudohalogen ligands can be considered as probable new superhalogens with enhanced properties.
Anchoring Mechanism of ZnO Nanoparticles on Graphitic Carbon Nanofiber Surfaces through a Modified Co‐Precipitation Method to Improve Interfacial Contact and Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Dillip Gowra Raghupathy , Banerjee Arghya Narayan , Anitha Veettikunnu Chandran , Joo Sang Woo , Min Bong Ki , Sawant Sandesh Y. , Cho Moo Hwan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA facile three‐step co‐precipitation method is developed to synthesize graphitic carbon nanofibers (CNFs) decorated with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). By interchanging intermediate steps of the reaction processes, two kinds of nanohybrids are fabricated with stark morphological and physicochemical differences. The morphologies differ because of the different chemical environments of the NP/nanocluster formation. The hybrid with larger and non‐uniform ZnO nanocluster size is formed in liquid phase and resulted in considerable interfacial defects that deteriorate the charge‐transfer properties. The hybrid with smaller and uniform ZnO NPs was formed in a dry solid phase and produced near‐defect‐free interfaces, leading to efficient charge transfer for superior photocatalytic performance. The results broaden the understanding of the anchoring/bonding mechanism in ZnO/CNF hybrid formation and may facilitate further development of more effective exfoliation strategies for the preparation of high‐performance composites/hybrids.
A Fluorescence‐Based Screening Protocol for the Identification of Water Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Detz Remko J. , Abiri Zohar , Kluwer Alexander M. , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEfficient catalysts are crucial for the sustainable generation of fuel by splitting water. A versatile screening protocol would simplify the identification of novel and better catalysts by using high throughput experimentation. Herein, such a screening approach for the identification of molecular catalysts for chemical oxidation of water is reported, which is based on oxygen‐sensitive fluorescence quenching using an OxoDish. More than 200 reactions were performed revealing several catalysts, for example, a dinuclear Fe complex that produced oxygen under the used reaction conditions. Clark electrode measurements confirmed a similar rate in oxygen evolution, making the developed parallel screening approach a robust and versatile tool to screen for molecular water oxidation catalysts using chemical oxidants under acidic and neutral conditions.
Prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) increases aggression and modulates maternal behavior in offspring mice
Authors: Svirsky Natali , Levy Sigal , Avitsur Ronit 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are commonly prescribed antidepressant drugs in pregnant women. SSRIs cross the placental barrier and affect serotonergic neurotransmission in the fetus. Although no gross SSRI‐related teratogenic effects were reported, infants born following prenatal exposure to SSRIs are at higher risk for various developmental abnormalities. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of prenatal SSRI on social and maternal behavior in mice. To this end, pregnant female dams were exposed to saline or fluoxetine (FLX) throughout pregnancy, and the behavior of the offspring was examined. The results indicate that in utero FLX increased aggression in adult males and delayed emergence of maternal behavior in adult females. Social exploration and recognition memory were not affected by prenatal FLX exposure. These findings support the notion that alterations in the development of serotonergic pathways following prenatal exposure to SSRIs are associated with changes in social and maternal behavior throughout life. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58:71–82, 2016.
Effects of treating gender dysphoria and anorexia nervosa in a transgender adolescent: Lessons learned
Authors: Strandjord Sarah E. , Ng Henry , Rome Ellen S. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPatients with gender dysphoria and patients with eating disorders often experience discontent with their bodies. Several reports have recognized the co‐occurrence of these two conditions, typically in adults who identify as transgender females and desire a more feminine physique. This case report, in contrast, describes a 16‐year‐old patient with a female sex assigned at birth who first presented with features consistent with anorexia nervosa and later revealed underlying gender dysphoria with a drive for a less feminine body shape. We discuss both the path to recognizing gender dysphoria in this patient as well as the impact of treatment on his eating disorder and overall well‐being. This case is one of only a few reports describing a female‐to‐male transgender patient with an eating disorder and is the first to explore the effects of hormone and surgical intervention in an adolescent patient. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:942–945).
Occurrence of an herbicide‐resistant plant trait in agricultural field margins
Authors: Gage Karla L. , Gibson David J. , Young Bryan G. , Young Julie M. , Matthews Joseph L. , Weller Stephen C. , Wilson Robert G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAgricultural environments allow study of evolutionary change in plants. An example of evolution within agroecological systems is the selection for resistance to the herbicide glyphosate within the weed, Conyza canadensis. Changes in survivorship and reproduction associated with the development of glyphosate resistance (GR) may impact fitness and influence the frequency of occurrence of the GR trait. We hypothesized that site characteristics and history would affect the occurrence of GR C. canadensis in field margins. We surveyed GR occurrence in field margins and asked whether there were correlations between GR occurrence and location, crop rotation, GR crop trait rotation, crop type, use of tillage, and the diversity of herbicides used. In a field experiment, we hypothesized that there would be no difference in fitness between GR and glyphosate‐susceptible (GS) plants. We asked whether there were differences in survivorship, phenology, reproduction, and herbivory between 2 GR and 2 GS populations of C. canadensis in agrestal and ruderal habitats. We found that geographic location was an important factor in the occurrence of GR C. canadensis in field margins. Although not consistently associated with either glyphosate resistance or glyphosate susceptibility, there were differences in phenology, survivorship, and herbivory among biotypes of C. canadensis. We found equal or greater fitness in GR biotypes, compared to GS biotypes, and GR plants were present in field margins. Field margins or ruderal habitats may provide refugia for GR C. canadensis, allowing reproduction and further selection to occur as seeds recolonize the agrestal habitat. Agricultural practices may select for ecological changes that feed back into the evolution of plants in ruderal habitats.
Diatom percolation through soils: a proof of concept laboratory experiment
Authors: Tauro Flavia , Martínez‐Carreras Núria , Barnich François , Juilleret Jérôme , Wetzel Carlos E. , Ector Luc , Hissler Christophe , Pfister Laurent 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDiatoms are unicellular eukaryotic algae that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. In particular, their presence is abundant in stream flows, whereas the instance and transport of cells through subsurface flow is controversial. In this work, we study the transport of diatoms through soils by designing laboratory percolation experiments on undisturbed loamy and sandy soil cores. To label diatom tracers and enhance their detectability, we develop protocols to functionalize frustules of purified diatomite and Conticribra weissflogii cultures with rhodamine 123 and 2‐(4‐pyridyl)‐5[4‐dimethylaminoethyl‐aminocarbamoyl)‐methoxy]phenyloxazole, respectively. Labelled diatoms demonstrate good detectability and resilience under weathering agents. We execute percolation experiments for maximum time domains of approximately 600 min where volumes of water up to 3600 ml are deployed on the soil core surface. Under such experimental conditions, fluorescent diatoms are not recovered in samples of percolated material as per microscopy and spectrofluorometry. While further field studies are needed to fully investigate diatom transport, our findings shed new light on the potential of using biotic tracers for surface hydrological processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the nonlinear behavior of viscous dampers on the seismic demand hazard of building frames
Authors: Dall′Asta Andrea , Tubaldi Enrico , Ragni Laura 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis paper analyzes the influence of damper properties on the probabilistic seismic performance of building frames equipped with viscous dampers. In particular, a probabilistic methodology is employed to evaluate the influence of the damper nonlinearity, measured by the damper exponent, on the performance of structural and nonstructural components of building frames, as described by the response hazard curves of the relevant engineering demand parameters.The performance variations due to changes in the damper nonlinearity level are evaluated and highlighted by considering two realistic design scenarios and by comparing the results of a set of cases involving dampers with different exponents designed to provide the same deterministic performance. By this way, it is possible to evaluate the influence of the nonlinear response and of its dispersion on the demand hazard. It is shown that the damper nonlinearity level strongly affects the seismic performance and different trends are observed for the demand parameters of interest. A comparison with code provisions shows that further investigation is necessary to provide more reliable design formulas accounting for the damping nonlinearity level. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of ectopic recurrent skull base and cervical chordomas: The Institut Curie's proton therapy center experience
Authors: Vogin Guillaume , Calugaru Valentin , Bolle Stéphanie , George Bernard , Oldrini Guillaume , Habrand Jean‐Louis , Mammar Hamid , Dendale Rémi , Salleron Julia , Noël Georges , Feuvret Loïc 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundCervical and skull base chordomas may relapse locally, marginally, or in ectopic sites (ie, surgical pathway, lymph nodes, prevertebral space, subdural space, or distant organs).MethodsAmong 371 patients treated between 1995 and 2010, we matched the initial dosimetry with the 3D imaging of recurrence and selected the patients with isolated ectopic recurrence.ResultsDuring our follow‐up, we identified 13 patients who developed ectopic relapses (n = 18) in the form of lung metastasis (n = 2), axial dissemination (n = 6), nodal recurrence (n = 2), subcutaneous metastasis (n = 3), and/or seeding along the surgical pathway (n = 5). Despite treatment of these 13 patients with radiation, surgical interventions, and/or chemotherapy, we could only salvage 5 patients with recurrence in surgical pathway, whereas the remaining 8 patients succumbed to a poor prognosis.ConclusionOur study emphasizes an urgent need for prediction and early diagnosis of ectopic relapses in patients with cervical and skull base chordoma to improve accuracy of their aggressive treatments. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1238–E1246, 2016
The metabolic landscape of cancer stem cells
Authors: Dando Ilaria , Dalla Pozza Elisa , Biondani Giulia , Cordani Marco , Palmieri Marta , Donadelli Massimo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a sub‐population of quiescent cells endowed with self‐renewal properties that can sustain the malignant behavior of the tumor mass giving rise to more differentiated cancer cells. For this reason, the specific killing of CSCs represents one of the most important challenges of the modern molecular oncology. However, their particular resistance to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy imposes a thorough understanding of their biological and biochemical features. The metabolic peculiarities of CSCs may be a therapeutic and diagnostic opportunity in cancer research. In this review, we summarize the most significant discoveries on the metabolism of CSCs describing and critically analyzing the studies supporting either glycolysis or mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as a primary source of energy for CSCs. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(9):687–693, 2015
Comparison of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted MR imaging with dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI for differentiating lung cancer from benign solitary pulmonary lesions
Authors: Yuan Mei , Zhang Yu‐Dong , Zhu Chan , Yu Tong‐Fu , Shi Hai‐Bin , Shi Zhao‐Fei , Li Hai , Wu Jiang‐Fen 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundTo compare intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and pharmacokinetic analysis dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging (DCE‐MRI) in distinguishing lung cancer (LC) from benign solitary pulmonary lesions (SPL).MethodsThis prospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained. Eighty‐one consecutive patients considered for SPL underwent DW‐IVIM and DCE‐3T MRI. ADC, D, D*, and f were calculated with mono‐ and bi‐exponential models. Ktrans, kep, ve, and vp were calculated with the modified Tofts model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was constructed to determine the diagnostic performance of IVIM and DCE‐MRI in discriminating LC from benignity.ResultsThere were 29 patients with a total of 48 benign SPL and 52 LCs: 4 small cell carcinomas (SCLC), 19 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and 29 adenocarcinomas (Adeno‐Ca). Both Adeno‐Ca (ADC: 1.19 ± 0.23 × 10−3 mm2/s; D:1.12 ± 0.35 × 10−3 mm2/s; ve:0.27 ± 0.13; Ktrans:0.24 ± 0.09 min−1; kep:0.90 ± 0.45 min−1) and SCC (1.13± 0.28 × 10−3 mm2/s; 1.02 ± 0.32 10−3 mm2/s; 0.32 ± 0.14; 0.26 ± 0.08 min−1; 0.90 ± 0.48 min−1) had significantly lower ADC, D, ve and larger Ktrans, kep than benignity (1.37 ± 0.38 × 10−3 mm2/s; 1.34 ± 0.45 × 10−3 mm2/s; 0.42 ± 0.19; 0.19 ± 0.08 min−1; 0.53 ± 0.26 min−1). D (72.2%) had significantly higher accuracy (72.2%) and higher sensitivity (91.3%) than other imaging indices (accuracy: 55.5–68.0%; sensitivity: 41.3–78.3%; all P < 0.01) except for accuracy in kep (70.8%; P > 0.05) in discriminating LC from benignity. Ktrans exhibited significantly higher specificity (84.6%) than the other indices (38.5–73.1%; P < 0.01). These results can be improved by combined D and Ktrans, leading to a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 94.2%, 92%, and 93.5%, respectively.ConclusionIVIM‐derived D and DCE‐derived Ktrans are two promising parameters for differentiating LC from benignity. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:669–679.
Device circuit co‐design to reduce gate leakage current in VLSI logic circuits in nano regime
Authors: Rana Ashwani K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, nanoscale metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) device circuit co‐design is presented with an aim to reduce the gate leakage curren t in VLSI logic circuits. Firstly, gate leakage current is modeled through high‐k spacer underlap MOSFET (HSU MOSFET). In this HSU MOSFET, inversion layer is induced in underlap region by the gate fringing field through high‐k dielectric (high‐k) spacer, and this inversion layer in the underlap region acts as extended source/drain region. The analytical model results are compared with the two‐dimensional Sentaurus device simulation. Good agreement is obtained between the model and Sentaurus simulation. It is observed that modified HSU MOSFET had improved off current, subthreshold slope, and drain‐induced barrier lowering characteristics. Further, modified HSU MOSFET is also analyzed for gate leakage in generic logic circuits. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuropathology and Cellular Pathogenesis of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 12
Authors: O'Hearn Elizabeth E. , Hwang Hyon S. , Holmes Susan E. , Rudnicki Dobrila D. , Chung Daniel W. , Seixas Ana I. , Cohen Rachael L. , Ross Christopher A. , Trojanowski John Q. , Pletnikova Olga , Troncoso Juan C. , Margolis Russell L. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveSCA12 is a progressive autosomal‐dominant disorder, caused by a CAG/CTG repeat expansion in PPP2R2B on chromosome 5q32, and characterized by tremor, gait ataxia, hyperreflexia, dysmetria, abnormal eye movements, anxiety, depression, and sometimes cognitive impairment. Neuroimaging has demonstrated cerebellar and cortical atrophy. We now present the neuropathology of the first autopsied SCA12 brain and utilize cell models to characterize potential mechanisms of SCA12 neurodegeneration.MethodsA fixed SCA12 brain was examined using gross, microscopic, and immunohistochemical methods. The effect of the repeat expansion on PPP2R2B Bβ1 expression was examined in multiple cell types by transient transfection of constructs containing the PPP2R2B Bβ1 promoter region attached to a luciferase reporter. The neurotoxic effect of PPP2R2B overexpression was examined in transfected rat primary neurons.ResultsNeuropathological investigation revealed enlarged ventricles, marked cerebral cortical atrophy and Purkinje cell loss, less‐prominent cerebellar and pontine atrophy, and neuronal intranuclear ubiquitin‐positive inclusions, consistent with Marinesco bodies, which did not stain for long polyglutamine tracts, alpha‐synuclein, tau, or transactive response DNA‐binding protein 43. Reporter assays demonstrated that the region of PPP2R2B containing the repeat functions as a promoter, and that promoter activity increases with longer repeat length and is dependent on cell type, repeat sequence, and sequence flanking the repeat. Overexpression of PPP2R2B in primary cortical neurons disrupted normal morphology.ConclusionsSCA12 involves extensive, but selective, neurodegeneration distinct from Alzheimer's disease, synucleinopathies, tauopathies, and glutamine expansion diseases. SCA12 neuropathology may arise from the neurotoxic effect of repeat‐expansion–induced overexpression of PPP2R2B. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Nonlinear model reduction via a locally weighted POD method
Authors: Peng Liqian , Mohseni Kamran 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn this article, we propose a new approach for model reduction of parameterized partial differential equations (PDEs) by a locally weighted proper orthogonal decomposition (LWPOD) method. The presented approach is particularly suited for large‐scale nonlinear systems characterized by parameter variations. Instead of using a global basis to construct a global reduced model, LWPOD approximates the original system by multiple local reduced bases. Each local reduced basis is generated by the singular value decomposition of a weighted snapshot matrix. Compared with global model reduction methods, such as the classical proper orthogonal decomposition, LWPOD can yield more accurate solutions with a fixed subspace dimension. As another contribution, we combine LWPOD with the chord iteration to solve elliptic PDEs in a computationally efficient fashion. The potential of the method for achieving large speedups while maintaining good accuracy is demonstrated for both elliptic and parabolic PDEs in a few numerical examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Campylobacter coli infection causing second trimester intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kuperman‐Shani Adi , Vaknin Zvi , Mendlovic Sonia , Zaidenstein Ronit , Melcer Yaakov , Maymon Ron 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCampylobacter is a gram‐negative, microaerophilic, curved rod and a normal resident of the gastrointestinal flora and may be the cause of disease in animals. Transmission to humans occurs by ingestion of contaminated food or by direct contact with infected animals. In the past few decades, an increasing number of reports have implicated the presence of this organism in human abortions as well. An infectious mechanism due to primary placental inflammatory damage followed by secondary damage to the fetus following placental insufficiency and ischemia was suggested. The most common species of Campylobacter are Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, which are classically associated with enteritis in humans. We present a rare case of mid‐gestation intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) associated with maternal bacteremia caused by C. coli infection. Our literature review focuses on Campylobacter infections occurring in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. In all cases, mild maternal symptoms consisting of fever and weakness were presented. However, associated adverse fetal outcome, including abortions, IUGR or preterm labor may occur more frequently than anticipated. Our report strengthens the importance of awareness to this finding and focuses the need to consume properly cooked meat during pregnancy. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.