bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disordered magnetism in superconducting KFe2As2 single crystals
Authors: Grinenko V. , Drechsler S.‐L. , Abdel‐Hafiez M. , Aswartham S. , Wolter A. U. B. , Wurmehl S. , Hess C. , Nenkov K. , Fuchs G. , Efremov D. V. , Holzapfel B. , van den Brink J. , Büchner B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHigh‐quality KFe2As2 (K122) single crystals synthesized by different techniques have been studied by magnetization and specific heat (SH) measurements. The adopted phenomenological analysis of the normal state properties shows that there are two types of samples both affected by disordered magnetic phases: (i) cluster‐glass (CG) like or (ii) Griffiths phase (G) like. For (i) at low applied magnetic fields the T‐dependence of the zero‐field‐cooled (ZFC) linear susceptibility χl exhibits an anomaly with an irreversible behavior in ZFC and field‐cooled (FC) data. This anomaly is related to the freezing temperature Tf of a CG. For the investigated samples the extrapolated Tf to B = 0 varies between 56 and 90 K. Below Tf we observed a magnetic hysteresis in the field dependence of the isothermal magnetization M(B). The frequency shift of the freezing temperature $\delta T_{{\rm f}} = {\rm \Delta }T_{{\rm f}} /[T_{{\rm f}} {\rm \Delta }({\rm ln}\,\nu )]\sim 0.05$ has an intermediate value, which provides evidence for the formation of a CG‐like state in the K122 samples of type (i). The frequency dependence of their Tf follows a conventional power‐law divergence of critical slowing down $\tau = \tau _{0} [T_{{\rm f}} (\nu )/T_{{\rm f}} (0)- 1]^{- z\nu '} $ with the critical exponent zν′ ≈ 10 and a relatively long characteristic time constant $\tau _{0} \approx 6.9 \times 10^{- 11} \,{\rm s}$ also supporting a CG behavior. The large value of the Sommerfeld coefficient obtained from SH measurements of these samples was related to the magnetic contribution from a CG. Samples from (ii) did not show a hysteresis behavior for χl(T) and M(B). Below some crossover temperature T* ≈ 50–80 K a power‐law dependence in the $\chi _{{\rm l}} \,{\propto} \,T^{\lambda _{{\rm G}} - 1} $, with a non‐universal λG was observed, suggesting a quantum G‐like behavior. In this case χl and M(B) can be scaled using the scaling function $M_{{\rm s}} (T,B) = B^{1- \lambda _{{\rm G}} } Y(\mu B/k_{{\rm b}} T)$ with the scaling moment µ ∼ 3.5 µB. The same non‐universal exponent was found also in SH measurements, where the magnetic contribution $C/T\,{\propto} \,T^{\lambda _{{\rm G}} - 1} $.
Control of Biofouling: Lessons Learned From a Decade of Carbon Injection System Operation and Maintenance
Authors: Burnell Shawn , Spitzinger Jon , Jin Peng , Erickson Jay , Hauber Erin , Nelson Denice 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOver the past decade, we have learned a number of critical lessons surrounding carbon substrate handling while operating and maintaining hundreds of enhanced in situ biological remedies. The same qualities that make these substrates effective can also cause biofouling of the mixing system, piping infrastructure, and remediation wells. Managing biofouling is a key piece of a successful remedy and requires a unique set of design principles. Small decreases in injection rates can have considerable impacts to life‐cycle costs and performance caused by decreased substrate distribution and longer injection time frames, resulting in the need for system cleaning, well rehabilitation, and even well replacement. Biofouling can impair performance in any size system, but effects are often magnified by large injection volumes and extended time frames. Design should be considered in all stages of the anaerobic enhanced in situ bioremediation life cycle, particularly related to reagent mixing, storage, and residence time within the system. By understanding the fundamental mechanisms of biofouling, practitioners can make operational adjustments to enhance remedy performance by considering potential biofouling controls in the design; balancing site‐specific strategy and diagnostics; and proactively adjusting and fine tuning control/prevention technology and methodology.Ultimately, a combination of chemical and physical methods may be required to operate a carbon handling system over the long term; however, the operational costs can be greatly reduced and delivery efficiency increased if these methods are understood during the design phase. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Field Evidence of Dissolution and Degradation Rates Enhancement During ISCR and ENA Treatments of Chlorinated Solvents
Authors: Barnier Christophe , Palmier Cedric , Atteia Olivier 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article presents field tests comparing two methods of treatment of chlorinated solvents undertaken at the same site. The site is an automobile factory where two chlorinated solvents (CS) plumes were identified. At the first source, in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) was applied, while at the second one, enhanced natural attenuation (ENA) was used. A set of specific multilevel sampling wells were installed approximately 20 m downgradient of the sources to estimate the efficiency of the treatments. The presence of a low‐permeability layer (source 1) or a thick oil lens (source 2) in the top part of the aquifer prevented the CS from reaching the bottom of the aquifer. These layers led to difficulties treating the contamination. At the ISCR and ENA treatment zones, the concentrations of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) did not change significantly, while the concentration of metabolites (cis‐1,2‐DCE, vinyl chloride, and ethene) significantly increased 50 to 150 days after treatment. Due to high concentration of CS in the source zone, a mass balance calculation, including chlorine, was possible. It showed that around 1 to 2 percent of the injected products were used to reduce the CS. A detailed analysis and 1D analytical modeling of CS concentrations showed that the treatment led to a large (two to three times) increase in dissolution of the organic phase. This explains why, despite an efficient treatment, the PCE and TCE concentrations remained virtually unchanged. Degradation rates also increased due to the treatment. Due to some differences in the source‐zone chemistry, it was not possible to differentiate between the ISCR and ENA efficiencies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Provably secure revocable ID‐based signature in the standard model
Authors: Tsai Tung‐Tso , Tseng Yuh‐Min , Wu Tsu‐Yang 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTA signature scheme is one of the important primitives in modern cryptography, which may offer functionalities of user identification, non‐repudiation, and message authentication. With the advent of identity (ID)‐based public key systems with bilinear pairings defined on elliptic curves, many ID‐based signature schemes have been proposed. Like certificate‐based public key systems, any ID‐based public key system must provide a revocation method to revoke misbehaving users. There was little work on studying the revocation problem of ID‐based public key systems, and no ID‐based signature scheme deals with how to revoke the signing ability of misbehaving users. Quite recently, Tseng and Tsai presented a practical revocation mechanism using a public channel for ID‐based public key systems. In this paper, we adopt Tseng and Tsai's revocation concept to define the new framework and security notions of revocable ID‐based signature (RIBS) scheme and propose the first RIBS scheme in the standard model. Under the computational Diffie–Hellman assumption, we demonstrate that the proposed RIBS scheme is provably secure while remaining efficient for signing and verification as compared with previously proposed ID‐based signature schemes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Adult Salivary Gland Stem Cells and a Potential Therapy for Xerostomia
Authors: Pringle Sarah , Van Os Ronald , Coppes Robert P. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The ability to speak, swallow, masticate, taste food, and maintain a healthy oral cavity is heavily reliant on the presence of saliva, the hugely important effect of which on our everyday lives is often unappreciated. Hyposalivation, frequently experienced by people receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancers, results in a plethora of symptoms whose combined effect can drastically reduce quality of life. Although artificial lubricants and drugs stimulating residual function are available to ameliorate the consequences of hyposalivation, their effects are at best transient. Such management techniques do not address the source of the problem: a lack of functional saliva-producing acinar cells, resulting from radiation-induced stem cell sterilization. Post-radiotherapy stimulation of cell proliferation only results in improved saliva secretion when part of the tissue has been spared or when the dose to the salivary gland (SG) remains below a certain level. Therefore, stem cell replacement therapy may be a good option to treat radiation-induced hyposalivation. Substantial progress has been made lately in the understanding of cell turnover in the SG, and the recent identification of stem and progenitor cell populations in the SG provides a basis for studies toward development of a stem cell-based therapy for xerostomia. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of SG stem cells and their potential for use in a cell-based therapy that may provide a more durable cure for hyposalivation.
Learning to argue: A study of four schools and their attempt to develop the use of argumentation as a common instructional practice and its impact on students
Authors: Osborne Jonathan , Simon Shirley , Christodoulou Andri , Howell‐Richardson Christina , Richardson Katherine 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article reports the outcomes of a project in which teachers' sought to develop their ability to use instructional practices associated with argumentation in the teaching of science—in particular, the use of more dialogic approach based on small group work and the consideration of ideas, evidence, and argument. The project worked with four secondary school science departments over 2 years with the aim of developing a more dialogic approach to the teaching of science as a common instructional practice within the school. To achieve this goal, two lead teachers in each school worked to improve the use of argumentation as an instructional practice by embedding activities in the school science curriculum and to develop their colleague's expertise across the curriculum for 11‐ to 16‐year‐old students. This research sought to identify: (a) whether such an approach using minimal support and professional development could lead to measurable difference in student outcomes, and (b) what changes in teachers' practice were achieved (reported elsewhere). To assess the effects on student learning and engagement, data were collected of students' conceptual understanding, reasoning, and attitudes toward science from both the experimental schools and a comparison sample using a set of standard instruments. Results show that few significant changes were found in students compared to the comparison sample. In this article, we report the findings and discuss what we argue are salient implications for teacher professional development and teacher learning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:315–347, 2013
Effect of Adjusted Cuff Pressure of Endotracheal Tube During Thyroidectomy on Postoperative Airway Complications: Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Trial
Authors: Ryu Jung‐Hee , Han Sun‐Sook , Do Sang‐Hwan , Lee Jung‐Min , Lee Sang‐Chul , Choi Eun‐Soo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative sore throat (POST) is a common complaint after general anesthesia, especially following thyroidectomy.Materials and methodsWe examined the effect of adjusting the endotracheal tube cuff pressure during thyroidectomy on the incidence of airway complications. Ninety patients scheduled for elective thyroidectomy were randomized into two groups: control (group A, n = 45) and experimental (group B, n = 45). All patients underwent total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. In group A, the cuff pressure was set to 25 cm H2O initially and then monitored continuously without adjustment during thyroidectomy. In group B, the cuff pressure was maintained at approximately 25 cm H2O throughout the operation. The incidences and the severity of POST, hoarseness, dysphagia, and cough were recorded at 2 and 24 h postoperatively.ResultsCuff pressures in group A changed significantly over time (P < 0.05) and were higher than those of group B during thyroidectomy (P < 0.05). The incidences of POST were lower in group B than in group A at 2 and 24 h postoperatively (P < 0.05), and there was a significant difference in the severity of POST at 2 h postoperatively between the two groups. There were no differences in the incidences of hoarseness, dysphagia, and cough between the two study groups (P > 0.05). Adjusting the endotracheal cuff pressure during thyroidectomy decreased the incidence and degree of POST.ConclusionsIntraoperative monitoring and adjustment of the cuff pressure can reduce POST in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.
High‐Throughput Analysis of Algal Crude Oils Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lee Young Jin , Leverence Rachael C. , Smith Erica A. , Valenstein Justin S. , Kandel Kapil , Trewyn Brian G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLipid analysis often needs to be specifically optimized for each class of compounds due to its wide variety of chemical and physical properties. It becomes a serious bottleneck in the development of algae‐based next generation biofuels when high‐throughput analysis becomes essential for the optimization of various process conditions. We propose a high‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based high‐throughput assay as a ‘quick‐and‐dirty’ protocol to monitor various lipid classes in algal crude oils. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization was determined to be most effective for this purpose to cover a wide range of lipid classes. With an autosampler‐LC pump set‐up, we could analyze algal crude samples every one and half minutes, monitoring several lipid species such as TAG, DAG, squalene, sterols, and chlorophyll a. High‐mass resolution and high‐mass accuracy of the orbitrap mass analyzer provides confidence in the identification of these lipid compounds. MS/MS and MS3 analysis could be performed in parallel for further structural information, as demonstrated for TAG and DAG. This high‐throughput method was successfully demonstrated for semi‐quantitative analysis of algal oils after treatment with various nanoparticles.
LC–ESI–QTOF–MS, MS/MS Analysis of Glycerophospholipid Species in Three Tunisian Pistacia lentiscus Fruit Populations
Authors: Trabelsi Hajer , Renaud Justin , Herchi Wahid , Khouja Mohamed L. , Boukhchina Sadok , Mayer Paul 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThree populations of Pistacia lentiscus fruits were analyzed for their contents, classes and different molecular species of glycerophospholipids (PL) in order to promote their production and marketability. The LC–ESI–TOF–MS and MS/MS were used to accomplish this analysis. Only four classes of PL were detected at different retention times—phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). There was a significant difference in the relative observed abundance of various glycerophospholipid classes. PI was found to be the dominant class in the all provenances of lentisc fruit, followed by the PG class in the KO and RM populations. Within the TB population, the PA class is more abundant than PG and PE. The major molecular specie in the PA class is PA‐C16:0/18:2 followed by PA‐C18:1/18:2; and the minor species were determined to be PA‐C16:0/18:3, and PA‐C18:3/18:2. In the PE class of phospholipids PE‐C18:1/18:1 and PE‐C18:2/18:2 are the major species identified. The phospholipids PG‐C18:2/18:2, PG‐18:2/18:1, PI‐C16:0/18:2 and PI‐C16:0/18:1 are the most abundant species within the PG and PI classes. PG‐C18:1/18:1, PI‐C18:0/18:1 and PI‐C16:0/18:3 are found to be only relatively minor chemical species. In conclusion, it is clear that the predominant molecular species of PL are those containing C16:0, C18;1, C18:2 fatty acids and the minor species are those containing C18:0 and C18:3.
The vortex instability pathway in stratified turbulence
Authors: Waite Michael L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe parameter regime of strong stable density stratification and weak rotation is an important one in geophysical fluid dynamics. These conditions exist at intermediate length scales in the atmosphere and ocean (mesoscale and sub-mesoscale, respectively), and turbulence here links large-scale quasi-geostrophic motions with small-scale dissipation. While major advances in the theory of stratified turbulence have been made over the last few decades, many open questions remain, particularly about the nature of the energy cascade. Recent numerical experiments and analysis by Augier, Chomaz & Billant (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 713, 2012, pp. 86–108) present a remarkably vivid illustration of the nonlinear interactions that drive such turbulence. They consider a columnar vortex dipole, which naturally three-dimensionalizes under the influence of strong stratification. Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities subsequently transfer energy directly to small scales, where the flow transitions into three-dimensional turbulence. This direct link between large and small scales is quite distinct from the usual picture of a turbulent cascade, in which nonlinear interactions are local in scale. But how important is this mechanism in the atmosphere and ocean?
COMPLETE MONOTONICITY OF A FUNCTION INVOLVING THE DIVIDED DIFFERENCE OF PSI FUNCTIONS
Authors: QI FENG , CERONE PIETRO , DRAGOMIR SEVER S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNecessary and sufficient conditions are presented for a function involving the divided difference of the psi function to be completely monotonic and for a function involving the ratio of two gamma functions to be logarithmically completely monotonic. From these, some double inequalities are derived for bounding polygamma functions, divided differences of polygamma functions, and the ratio of two gamma functions.
THE DUAL STRUCTURE OF CROSSED PRODUCT -ALGEBRAS WITH FINITE GROUPS
Authors: KAMALOV FIRUZ 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe study the space of irreducible representations of a crossed product ${C}^{\ast } $-algebra ${\mathop{A\rtimes }\nolimits}_{\sigma } G$, where $G$ is a finite group. We construct a space $\widetilde {\Gamma } $ which consists of pairs of irreducible representations of $A$ and irreducible projective representations of subgroups of $G$. We show that there is a natural action of $G$ on $\widetilde {\Gamma } $ and that the orbit space $G\setminus \widetilde {\Gamma } $ corresponds bijectively to the dual of ${\mathop{A\rtimes }\nolimits}_{\sigma } G$.
Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) from Labeobarbus aeneus (Cyprinidae) in the Vaal River, South Africa
Authors: Avenant-Oldewage A. , le Roux L.E. , Mashego S.N. , van Vuuren B. Jansen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA new species, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) is described from the gills of Labeobarbus aeneus (Cyprinidae) in the Vaal Dam and Vaal River Barrage in the Vaal River, South Africa. This species is the first in this genus from southern Africa; Paradiplozoon aegtyptense and Paradiplozoon ghanense have been described from northern Africa. The new species differs from all other Paradiplozoon species on the basis of the combination of morphological characteristics, namely disk-like haptor, eggs without filaments, clamp and central hook morphology and size of specimens. The species description is accompanied by a description of the reproductive organs. The internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal gene (ITS2) was studied and the South African individuals formed a distinct clade, supporting the establishment of a new species.
BRITAIN AND GLOBALISATION SINCE 1850: II. THE RISE OF INSULAR CAPITALISM, 1914–1939
Authors: Daunton Martin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAt the end of the First World War, the British government attempted to return to the pre-war policy trade-off of fixed exchanges rates on the gold standard, capital mobility and free trade, which entailed a sacrifice of domestic monetary policy. But the attempt proved difficult between 1919 and 1931 when the pursuit of international economic polices was constrained by a growing concern for their domestic economic and political repercussions. In the 1930s, a new policy trade-off emerged: managed exchange rates, capital controls and protectionism, with a greater concern for domestic monetary policy. The essay explains the reasons for the emergence of constraints and the subsequent abandonment of the pre-1914 policy trade-off in terms of five variables: changes in the performance of the economy and its impact on different actors; the politics of the national debt and the constraints on interest rates; the impact of capital exports on debt repayment and as an alternative to interest rates in influencing the exchanges; an adjustment in assumptions about flexibility of wages and costs; and a breakdown in the political culture of free trade and gold.
Sample preparations are important for fluorescence in situ hybridization of cells biopsied from preimplantation embryos
Authors: Li Lifei , Zhang Xuehong , Wang Weihua 
Published: January 2013

SummaryFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a cytogenetic technology used to detect chromosomal abnormalities in preimplantation human embryos. However, its efficiency is not stable due to improper sample preparation. The present study was designed to modify the current sample preparation technique and then to evaluate its efficiency in human preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Day 3 cleavage embryos as well as day 5 and 6 blastocysts were biopsied by mechanical aspiration method. In the present study, two methods were used for sample preparation of the biopsied cells. Method I was the traditional method, in which each blastomere was placed in a hypotonic solution for 5 min and then fixed on glass slides. The slides were kept at room temperature before the FISH procedures. Method II was a modified method, in which all blastomeres were placed individually in hypotonic solution drops covered by oil for at least 5 min and then fixed on slides with 0.1% Tween/HCl. After fixation, the slides were kept at –20°C for at least 30 min before the FISH procedures. The two methods were compared in terms of time consumption and proportions of blastomeres with FISH signals. In total, 329 blastomeres from day 3 embryos were fixed by Method I with an average fixation time of 8–10 min for each blastomere. By contrast, with Method II, 362 blastomeres were fixed and the average time was 3–4 min for each blastomere. After FISH, more nuclei had signals with Method II (97.2%) than with Method I (86.9%). All cells that were biopsied from blastocysts and prepared with Method II had FISH signals. However, Method I was not suitable for the fixation of multiple cells biopsied from blastocysts as cells were not traceable during the fixation. The present study indicates that proper sample preparation is critical for obtaining FISH signals in cells biopsied from preimplantation human embryos; hence these modifications can increase the efficiency of human PGD.
Transcatheter pulmonary valve insertion: when, how, and why
Authors: Ringewald Jeremy M. , Suh Elsa J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTranscatheter pulmonary valve replacement is fast becoming an accepted alternative to repeat surgical pulmonary valve replacement for selected patients and therefore a complementary strategy in the long-term management of those requiring surgical pulmonary valve replacement. With a combined surgical and percutaneous approach, late morbidity for some of these patients may be diminished. This manuscript will review the current indications for this procedure, its limitations, and its benefits.