bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High rates of recurrent biliary tract obstruction in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Amoako Martha O. , Casella James F. , Strouse John J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) have an increased risk of cholelithiasis from bilirubin stones. Symptomatic biliary tract disease (BTD) includes acute and chronic cholecystitis, obstruction of the common bile duct (CBD), cholangitis, and gallstone pancreatitis. Cholecystectomy is the main treatment strategy for symptomatic patients; however, the prevalence of recurrent BTD following cholecystectomy has not been systematically evaluated. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to describe the recurrence of BTD after cholecystectomy and characterize risk factors for recurrent disease.ProcedureWe identified patients <22 years of age who presented to the Johns Hopkins Children Center with symptomatic BTD from July 1993 to June 2008.ResultsWe identified 56 patients with a total of 76 episodes of symptomatic BTD (median age at first event 15.9, range 4.6–21.5 years). Eleven of the 56 patients (19.6%) had at least one episode of recurrent symptomatic BTD (median follow‐up of 5.3 years). Baseline characteristics were similar between the patients with a single episode of BTD and those with recurrent BTD.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that recurrent BTD is a frequent complication of SCD (20% by age 4 years) and often presents as CBD obstruction by stone, despite cholecystectomy. In our cohort, recurrence was not associated with age at first episode, baseline total bilirubin, gender, or genotype of SCD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 650–652. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of TP53 as an acute lymphocytic leukemia susceptibility gene through exome sequencing
Authors: Powell Bradford C. , Jiang Lichun , Muzny Donna M. , Treviño Lisa R. , Dreyer ZoAnn E. , Strong Louise C. , Wheeler David A. , Gibbs Richard A. , Plon Sharon E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAlthough acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer, genetic predisposition to ALL remains poorly understood. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed in an extended kindred in which five individuals had been diagnosed with leukemia. Analysis revealed a nonsense variant of TP53 which has been previously reported in families with sarcomas and other typical Li Fraumeni syndrome‐associated cancers but never in a familial leukemia kindred. This unexpected finding enabled identification of an appropriate sibling bone marrow donor and illustrates that exome sequencing will reveal atypical clinical presentations of even well‐studied genes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: E1–E3. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kelly Kara M. , Hodgson David , Appel Burton , Chen Lu , Cole Peter D. , Horton Terzah , Keller Frank G. ,   on behalf of the COG Hodgkin Lymphoma Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn childhood Hodgkin lymphoma, estimated 5 years survival rates exceed 90%. Long‐term survival continues to decline from delayed toxicities. Key findings from recent Children's Oncology Group trials include: (1) Radiotherapy selection may be based on early chemotherapy response assessed by both FDG‐PET and CT imaging, (2) A new prognostic factor score stratifies patients into risk categories; and (3) novel retrieval regimens were identified. A phase I/II trial is investigating Brentuximab vedotin (Bv) with gemcitabine in relapsed patients. A phase 3 trial will modify conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy approaches through the addition of Bv, while incorporating translational biology to identify molecular targets. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 972–978. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Radiation oncology
Authors: Merchant Thomas E. , Hodgson David , Laack Nadia N.I. , Wolden Suzanne , Indelicato Danny J. , Kalapurakal John A. ,   on behalf of the COG Radiation Oncology Discipline Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractRadiation therapy (RT) is used to treat children with CNS tumors, solid tumors or Hodgkin lymphoma. Pediatric radiation oncologists have provided critical input into the development and implementation of concepts for clinical trials to further define the modality's role and test newer methods to reduce side effects or intensify therapy. The quality of pediatric oncology clinical trials that include radiation therapy is linked to the quality of guidelines. Radiation oncology is an adult medical specialty; thus, pediatric radiation oncologists are uniquely positioned to work with adult cancer investigators in the reorganized US National Cancer Institute Clinic Trials Network. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1037–1043. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Cancer control and supportive care
Authors: Sung Lillian , Zaoutis Theo , Ullrich Nicole J. , Johnston Donna , Dupuis Lee , Ladas Elena ,   on behalf of the Children's Oncology Group Cancer Control and Supportive Care Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn cancer control research, the objective is to reduce overall morbidity and mortality by decreasing acute and delayed treatment‐related toxicities in all children with cancer. To date, the Children's Oncology Group (COG) has focused on infection, neurocognition, quality of life (QoL), and nutrition/antiemetics. COG is conducting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine prophylaxis strategies that will reduce infections in high‐risk populations. Two RCTs are determining if modafinil or computerized cognitive training improve cognitive functioning in pediatric brain tumor patients. QoL is being assessed in acute leukemia patients. Improved supportive care outcomes will only occur when the most effective interventions are established. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1027–1030. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Gamis Alan S. , Alonzo Todd A. , Perentesis John P. , Meshinchi Soheil ,   on behalf of the COG Acute Myeloid Leukemia Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractFor the 365 children diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia in the US annually, 5‐year survival for patients on COG trials with low, intermediate, and high risk disease is 83%, 62%, and 23%, respectively. Recent advances include improved therapeutic stratification, improved survival with dose intensification, and further elucidation of the heterogeneity specific to childhood AML. These discoveries now guide current strategy incorporating targeted agents to pathways specific to childhood AML as well as evaluating methods to increase the sensitivity of the leukemic stem cell, first in Phase II feasibility trials followed by Phase III efficacy trials of the most promising agents. Acute myeloid leukemia in children, though with similar subgroups to adults, remains uniquely different based upon quite different prevalence of subtypes as well as overall response to therapy. The Children's Oncology Group's research agenda builds upon earlier efforts to better elucidate the leukemogenic steps distinct to childhood AML in order to more scientifically develop and test novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment and ultimate cure for children with this disorder. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 964–971. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Neuroblastoma
Authors: Park Julie R. , Bagatell Rochelle , London Wendy B. , Maris John M. , Cohn Susan L. , Mattay Katherine M. , Hogarty Michael ,   on behalf of the COG Neuroblastoma Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractEstimated 5‐year survival rates for patients with non‐high‐risk and high‐risk neuroblastoma are 90% and 50%, respectively. Recent clinical trials have shown excellent outcomes with reduced therapy for non‐high‐risk disease. For patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma treated with chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and stem cell transplantation, the addition of anti‐disialoganglioside (GD2) immunotherapy plus cytokines improves survival. Upcoming trials will study the incorporation of targeted radionuclide therapy prior to myeloablative chemotherapy into high‐risk treatment. Phase 2 trials will investigate druggable target(s) including mTOR inhibition and GD2‐directed therapy in combination with chemotherapy for patients with recurrent neuroblastoma, and ALK inhibition for those with ALK‐aberrant tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 985–993. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Hawkins Douglas S. , Spunt Sheri L. , Skapek Stephen X. ,   on behalf of the COG Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn the US, approximately 850–900 children are diagnosed each year with soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Key findings from recent Children's Oncology Group (COG) clinical trials include safe reduction in therapy for low risk rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), validation of FOXO1 fusion as a prognostic factor, a modest improvement in outcome for high‐risk RMS, and a biologically designed non‐cytotoxic therapy for pediatric desmoid tumor. Planned Phase 2 trials include targeted agents for VEGF/PDGF, mTOR, and IGF‐1R for children with RMS and VEGF for children with non‐RMS STS (NRSTS). For RMS, COG Phase 3 trials potentially will explore VEGF/mTOR inhibition or chemotherapy interval compression. For NRSTS, a COG Phase 3 trial will explore VEGF inhibition. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1001–1008. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clofarabine salvage therapy for refractory high‐risk langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Abraham Allistair , Alsultan Abdulrahman , Jeng Michael , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Campbell Patrick K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPediatric patients with refractory multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) have a poor prognosis despite aggressive chemotherapy. Salvage therapy with cytarabine and cladribine has shown promise as an effective treatment but is associated with significant toxicity. A previous report described two patients with refractory LCH who had a rapid response to single‐agent clofarabine with minimal toxicity. In this report, we describe four children with refractory, risk‐organ‐positive LCH who were treated with clofarabine and provide follow‐up for the two previously reported cases. The results support development of a formal trial evaluating clofarabine as front‐line salvage for refractory LCH. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: E19–E22. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Stem cell transplantation
Authors: Grupp Stephan A. , Dvorak Christopher C. , Nieder Michael L. , Levine John E. , Wall Donna A. , Langholz Bryan , Pulsipher Michael A. ,   on behalf of the COG Stem Cell Transplant Scientific Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe role of SCT in pediatric oncology has continued to evolve with the introduction of new therapeutic agents and immunological insights into cancer. COG has focused its efforts on the study of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of pediatric malignancies in several major multi‐institutional Phase II and Phase III studies. These studies include addressing the impact of allogenicity in ALL (ASCT0431), and establishing autologous stem cell transplant as the standard of care in neuroblastoma. Reducing transplant‐associated toxicity was addressed in the ASCT0521 study, where the TNFα inhibitor etanercept was tested for the treatment of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. Impact of cell dose was explored in the single versus tandem umbilical cord blood study CTN‐0501, in close collaboration with the BMT‐CTN. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1044–1047. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhaled lipid cisplatin (ILC) in the treatment of patients with relapsed/progressive osteosarcoma metastatic to the lung
Authors: Chou Alexander J. , Gupta Renu , Bell Moshe D. , Riewe Kathleen O'Day , Meyers Paul A. , Gorlick Richard 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundOsteosarcoma treatment failure is most often from the inability to control metastatic disease in the lungs. Encapsulating cisplatin within lipid complexes and delivering the agent via inhalation targets lung metastases with minimal systemic exposure. An open‐label, phase Ib/IIa study was performed to characterize the safety and efficacy of inhaled lipid cisplatin (ILC) in recurrent osteosarcoma patients who only had pulmonary metastases.ProcedureILC was administered via nebulizer every 2 weeks (=1 cycle). Response was evaluated radiographically every 2 cycles. Cisplatin levels were measured in patients. When possible, metastasectomy was undertaken in patients after 2 cycles.ResultsNineteen patients were treated. No patients experienced hematologic toxicity, nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity. Nausea/vomiting (≥grade 3) was attributed to study drug in one patient. Respiratory symptoms were observed in 13/19 patients with only one patient experiencing a ≥grade 3 respiratory symptom (not related to study drug). Systemic cisplatin exposure was minimal. Eleven patients had bulky disease, and all progressed prior to cycle 7. Eight patients had all lesions ≤2 cm. One patient had a sustained partial response. An additional two patients had stable disease after 2 cycles, underwent metastasectomy, and remained free from pulmonary recurrence 1 year after initiation of therapy.ConclusionsILC is well tolerated in heavily treated osteosarcoma patients and did not appear to have the typical toxicities associated with intravenous cisplatin. Three of eight patients with less bulky disease had sustained benefit. Further study of ILC is warranted. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 580–586. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychological resilience in adolescent and young adult survivors of lower extremity bone tumors
Authors: Teall Tanya , Barrera Maru , Barr Ronald , Silva Mariana , Greenberg Mark 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe psychosocial outcomes of young adult survivors of childhood bone tumors are not well known. This study: (a) examined perceived social support (SS) and benefit‐finding (BF) with respect to surgical intervention, gender, and age; (b) compared SS and psychological outcomes to normative values; and (c) examined the relationship between these social and psychological outcomes and sexual functioning. ProcedureTwenty‐eight participants (18–32 years) completed outcome‐specific questionnaires for SS, BF, depression, self‐worth, and sexual functioning. Surgical intervention was grouped into limb sparing (LS; allograft‐fusion and endoprosthesis) and ablative procedures (AMP; amputation or Van Nes rotationplasty). Age at study was grouped into ≤25 or ≥26 years of age.ResultsCompared to normative values, survivors reported significantly less depressive symptoms (P = 0.005), and higher self‐evaluations of intellectual capabilities (P = 0.009). No significant differences in SS and BF were found between surgical and age groups. Males perceived significantly higher SS than females (P = 0.027). Significant positive correlations were found between perceived SS and sexual functioning (r = 0.397), sexual experiences (r = 0.423), and satisfaction with sexual relationships (r = 0.408). Negative correlation was found between global SS and depression scores (r = −0.397). Similar correlations were found with the subscales of the SS, depression, and self‐worth measures. BF was significantly positively correlated only to SS (r = 0.552).ConclusionsBone tumor survivors, particularly males, demonstrated remarkable psychosocial resiliency with SS possibly serving as a protective factor for survivors' psychological and sexual functioning. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1223–1230. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrospun poly(ethylene oxide)/hydrated iron oxide/sodium alginate composite nanofibers with multi‐functional properties
Authors: Moon SungCheal , Lee Jung‐lim 
Published: December 2012

AbstractElectrospun poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/hydrated iron oxide (HIO)/sodium alginate (SA) composite nanofibers with high ultimate tensile strength of ∼31.6 ± 0.4 MPa and good morphologies, such as smooth surface appearance and average diameter of 159 ± 55 to 475 ± 55 nm, were produced in the range of 50% HIO, with significant bacteria decontamination property (92.5% removal of Vibrio vulnificus) from high specific surface area and absorption property, and 10% SA, with anti‐bacterial property, based on PEO polymer content. This approach, using HIO and SA, is an effective method to possess the multi‐functional properties such as anti‐bacterial/bacterial decontamination properties and good mechanical property for various applications in clinical, food, environmental, biomedical, protective clothing, and other areas. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.
RAFT‐mediated emulsion polymerization of styrene using brush copolymer as surfactant macro‐RAFT agent: Effect of the brush copolymer sequence and chemical composition
Authors: Xu Jianxiong , Xiao Xin , Zhang Yaoyao , Zhang Wangqing , Sun Pingchuan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe nonionic amphiphilic brush polymers such as poly[poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether vinylphenyl‐co‐styrene] trithiocarbonate [P(mPEGV‐co‐St)‐TTC] and poly[poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether vinylphenyl‐b‐styrene‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether vinylphenyl] trithiocarbonate [P(mPEGV‐b‐St‐b‐mPEGV)‐TTC] with different monomer sequence and chemical composition are synthesized and their application as macro‐RAFT agent in the emulsion RAFT polymerization of styrene is explored. It is found that the monomer sequence in the brush polymers exerts great influence on the emulsion RAFT polymerization kinetics, and the fast polymerization with short induction period in the presence of P(mPEGV‐co‐St)‐TTC is demonstrated. Besides, the chemical composition in the brush polymer macro‐RAFT agent effect on the emulsion RAFT polymerization is investigated, and the macro‐RAFT agent with high percent of the hydrophobic PS segment leads to fast and well controlled polymerization. The growth of triblock copolymer colloids in the emulsion polymerization is checked, and it reveals that the colloidal morphology is ascribed to the hydrophobic PS block extension, and the P(mPEGV‐co‐St) block almost have no influence just on the size of the colloids. This may be the first example to study the monomer sequence and the chemical composition in the macro‐RAFT agent on emulsion RAFT polymerization, and will be useful to reveal the block copolymer particle growth. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide using half‐titanocene complexes of the ATiCl2Nu type: Synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties
Authors: Saridis Emmanuel , Maroulas Serafeim‐Dionysios , Pitsikalis Marinos 
Published: December 2012

AbstractVarious half‐titanocene complexes of the ATiCl2Nu type, where A is the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) or indenyl (Ind) group and Nu a nucleophile (ethoxy group or chloride), were used for the polymerization of L‐lactide, LLA. In the cases where Nu is an ethoxy group, a 5% excess of ATiCl3 was used to accelerate the polymerization reaction. These systems were proven to be very efficient initiators for the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of LLA in toluene at 130 °C. Kinetic studies revealed that in most cases the polymerization yield was quantitative and the molecular weight increased linearly with time, leading to well‐defined PLLA with narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.1). LLA was also polymerized by the in situ formation of the initiating system after mixing IndTiCl3, benzyl alcohol, BzOH, and NEt3. The thermal properties of the produced polymers were examined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The activation energy of the thermal decomposition was calculated by the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall and Kissinger methods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Synthesis of dual‐functional copolymer with orthogonally photosensitive groups
Authors: Xu Lebo , Farrell John , Karunakaran Raghuraman G. , Honglawan Apiradee , Yang Shu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA dual‐functional copolymer, poly(4‐styrenesulfonyl azide‐co‐t‐butyl‐methacrylate), with built‐in photoacid labile and photocrosslinkable components was designed and synthesized by radical copolymerization. The mixture of copolymer and photoacid generators was spin coated on aminosilane treated Si wafers and polycarbonate (PC). When exposed to 365 nm UV light, photoacids were generated, which decomposed the acid labile groups, t‐butyl‐ester, to carboxylic acid in the exposed region, leading to drastic change of wettability from hydrophobic to hydrophilic after developing the film in an aqueous base solution. The patterned polymer film could be subsequently photoimmobilized on the substrate under 254 nm deep UV exposure through CH insertion via exited azide groups. 1H‐NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the synthesis of the copolymer, and the photodecomposition and photografting reactions occurred orthogonally at 365 and 254 nm, respectively, without interfering each other. On the patterned surfaces, including a hexagonal dot array and a gradient line array, we demonstrated selective wetting in the 365 nm exposed regions. On the gradient line array, we showed an interesting ratchet wetting pattern. Finally, we showed that the copolymer could be used to modify the wettability of PC while maintaining its high optical quality. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Synthesis and properties of high‐performance functional polyimides containing rigid nonplanar conjugated tetraphenylethylene moieties
Authors: Liu Yiwu , Zhang Yi , Lan Qi , Qin Zexin , Liu Siwei , Zhao Cunyuan , Chi Zhenguo , Xu Jiarui 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA simple diamine (TetraPEDA) containing rigid nonplanar conjugated tetraphenylethylene (TetraPE) moieties was designed and synthesized through Wittig–Horner and Suzuki coupling reactions. Four kinds of high‐performance functional polyimides (PI) were thus prepared by the polymerization of TetraPEDA and four dianhydrides, respectively. Because of the introduction of the aromatic rigid nonplanar TetraPE structure, the PI exhibited special fluorescent characteristics, as the maximum fluorescence emission of the four PI was observed at 425–505 nm in NMP solution and at 470–491 nm in film state. Also these organo‐soluble PI showed outstanding properties, such as low dielectric constant (even without fluorinated substituent), light color, high glass transition temperatures (382–443 °C) and thermal stability in air (Td5% up to 565 °C), and excellent mechanical properties. The polymer memory devices with the configuration of indium tin oxide/PI/aluminum (ITO/PI/Al) exhibited distinct volatile memory characteristics of static random access memory, with an ON/OFF current ratio of 1 × 104 to 1 × 105. These functional PI showed attractive potential applications in the field of high performance flexible polymer photoconducting devices or fluorescent polymer memory devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013