bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C(sp3)–N(sp) Bond Cleavage of Isocyanides at a Cationic [CCH] Subunit in a Bisdisphenoidal Eight-atom Tetrairon–Tetracarbon Cluster
Authors: Taniwaki Wataru , Okazaki Masaaki 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Reaction of [(η5-C5H4Me)4Fe4(HCCH)(HCC–NC4H4N)](PF6)2 (1) with tert-butyl isocyanide led to C(sp3)–N(sp) bond activation to give [(η5-C5H4Me)4Fe4(HCCH)(HCC–CN)](PF6) (2). The resulting tert-butyl cation was trapped as the adduct with pyrazine. Reactions of 1 with 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide and cyclohexyl isocyanide led to the coordination of the isocyanides to the cationic [CCH] subunit. Thermolysis of [(η5-C5H4Me)4Fe4(HCCH)(HCC–CNCy)](PF6)2 (6) yielded 2.
Simultaneousversusstaged bilateral unicompartmental knee replacement
Authors: Chen J. Y. , Lo N. N. , Jiang L. , Chong H. C. , Tay D. K. J. , Chin P. L. , Chia S-L. , Yeo S. J. 
Published: May 2013

We prospectively followed 171 patients who underwent bilateral unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) over a period of two years. Of these, 124 (72.5%) underwent a simultaneous bilateral procedure and 47 (27.5%) underwent a staged procedure. The mean cumulative operating time and length of hospital stay were both shorter in the simultaneous group, by 22.5 minutes (p < 0.001) and three days (p < 0.001), respectively. The mean reduction in haemoglobin level post-operatively was greater by 0.15 g/dl in the simultaneous group (p = 0.023), but this did not translate into a significant increase in the number of patients requiring blood transfusion (p = 1.000). The mean hospital cost was lower by $8892 in the simultaneous group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the rate of complications between the groups, and at two-year follow-up there was no difference in the outcomes between the two groups.We conclude that simultaneous bilateral UKR can be recommended as an appropriate treatment for patients with bilateral medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:788–92.
Additional surgical factors affecting the recurrence of hallux valgus after Ludloff osteotomy
Authors: Choi G. W. , Choi W. J. , Yoon H. S. , Lee J. W. 
Published: May 2013

We reviewed 91 patients (103 feet) who underwent a Ludloff osteotomy combined with additional procedures. According to the combined procedures performed, patients were divided into Group I (31 feet; first web space release), Group II (35 feet; Akin osteotomy and trans-articular release), or Group III (37 feet; Akin osteotomy, supplementary axial Kirschner (K-) wire fixation, and trans-articular release). Each group was then further subdivided into severe and moderate deformities. The mean hallux valgus angle correction of Group II was significantly greater than that of Group I (p = 0.001). The mean intermetatarsal angle correction of Group III was significantly greater than that of Group II (p < 0.001). In severe deformities, post-operative incongruity of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was least common in Group I (p = 0.026). Akin osteotomy significantly increased correction of the hallux valgus angle, while a supplementary K-wire significantly reduced the later loss of intermetatarsal angle correction. First web space release can be recommended for severe deformity. Additionally, K-wire fixation (odds ratio (OR) 5.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21 to 24.39); p = 0.032) and the pre-operative hallux valgus angle (OR 2.20 (95% CI 1.11 to 4.73); p = 0.001) were shown to be factors affecting recurrence of hallux valgus after Ludloff osteotomy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:803–8.
Super-resolution microscopy heads towards 3D dynamics
Authors: Weisshart Klaus , Dertinger Thomas , Kalkbrenner Thomas , Kleppe Ingo , Kempe Michael 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Resolving fine details of subcellular structures is key to understanding the organization and function of cellular networks. Recent advances in far-field fluorescence microscopy provide the necessary tools to analyze these structures with resolutions well below the classical diffraction limit in all three dimensions. Technical improvements go hand-in-hand with new versions of switchable fluorophores that allow nonlinear optical effects to be more efficiently used to push the resolution limit down further. High contrast combined with the wide spectrum of available colors currently endow these fluorescence-based super-resolution techniques with the power to study the complexity of subcellular organelles and the relation of their constituting components down to the molecular level and under physiological conditions. In this way, they give us a far better understanding of the assembly of macromolecular complexes and their functions within a cell than has been possible before employing conventional imaging methods. In this review, we give an overview of the technical state-of-the art of these technologies, their fundamental and technical trade-offs, and provide typical application examples in this exciting field.
Behavioral Biases and Long-Term Care Insurance: A Political Economy Approach
Authors: De Donder Philippe , Leroux Marie-Louise 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We develop a model where individuals all have the same probability of becoming dependent and vote over the social long-term care insurance contribution rate before buying additional private insurance and saving. We study three types of behavioral biases, all having in common that agents under-weight their dependency probability when taking private decisions. Sophisticated procrastinators anticipate their mistake when voting, while optimistic and myopic agents have preferences that are consistent across choices. Optimists under-estimate their own probability of becoming dependent but know the average probability, while myopics underestimate both. Sophisticated procrastinators attain the first-best allocation, while myopics and optimists insure too little and save too much. Myopics and optimists more (resp., less) biased than the median are worse off (resp., better off), at the majority-voting equilibrium, when private insurance is available than when it is not.
Prenatal molecular diagnosis of inherited neuromuscular diseases: Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy type 1 and spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Esposito Gabriella , Ruggiero Raffaella , Savarese Maria , Savarese Giovanni , Tremolaterra Maria Roberta , Salvatore Francesco , Carsana Antonella 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background: Neuromuscular disease is a broad term that encompasses many diseases that either directly, via an intrinsic muscle disorder, or indirectly, via a nerve disorder, impairs muscle function. Here we report the experience of our group in the counselling and molecular prenatal diagnosis of three inherited neuromuscular diseases, i.e., Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD), myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

Methods: We performed a total of 83 DMD/BMD, 15 DM1 and 54 SMA prenatal diagnoses using a combination of technologies for either direct or linkage diagnosis.

Results: We identified 16, 5 and 10 affected foetuses, respectively. The improvement of analytical procedures in recent years has increased the mutation detection rate and reduced the analytical time.

Conclusions: Due to the complexity of the experimental procedures and the high, specific professional expertise required for both laboratory activities and the related counselling, these types of analyses should be preferentially performed in reference molecular diagnostic centres.
Investigation of apparent non-albuminuric proteinuria in a primary care population
Authors: McTaggart Malcolm P. , Stevens Paul E. , Price Christopher P. , Newall Ronald G. , Pinnock Roger G. , Lamb Edmund J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background: There is debate as to whether using the urinary albumin- or protein-to-creatinine ratio (ACR or PCR) should be the primary test for proteinuria. Whilst albuminuria (increased ACR) in the absence of proteinuria (increased PCR) may be expected in some patients, the converse (i.e., proteinuria in the absence of albuminuria) is more unusual and its cause and significance are unclear. We investigated the nature of such apparent non-albuminuric proteinuria in a primary care population of patients.

Methods: ACR and PCR were measured in 569 urine samples from patients who either had chronic kidney disease or were at increased risk of the condition. Samples with apparent proteinuria (PCR ≥23 mg/mmol/≥200 mg/g) but no albuminuria (ACR <3.4 mg/mmol/<30 mg/g) were classified as ‘discrepant’ (37% of proteinuric samples, 6% of all samples); 27 of these samples were available for further analyses. The further analyses included electrophoresis, repeat measurement, immunoassays for markers of tubular proteinuria and use of alternative albumin and total protein methods.

Results: Electrophoresis did not identify significant proteinuria in the discrepant samples. The only evidence of tubular proteinuria following measurement of three urinary markers of the condition was a mildly increased α1-microglobulin-to-creatinine ratio in 10 of the 27 discrepant samples analysed, four of which also had a raised β-trace protein-to-creatinine ratio. Use of an alternative urinary total protein method resulted in significantly lower PCRs and 17 of the 27 samples were no longer classified as proteinuric.

Conclusions: We were unable to confirm the cause of a raised PCR without albuminuria in these patients and suspect that in most cases it is artefactual.
Bogomolov–Sommese vanishing on log canonical pairs
Authors: Graf Patrick 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Let (X,D) be a projective log canonical pair. We show that for any natural number p, the sheaf

(

Ω
X
p

(
log

⌊
D
⌋

)

)

*
*

${(\Omega _X^p(\log \lfloor {D}\rfloor ))^{**}}$

of reflexive logarithmic p-forms does not contain a Weil divisorial subsheaf whose Kodaira–Iitaka dimension exceeds p. This generalizes a classical theorem of Bogomolov and Sommese.

In fact, we prove a more general version of this result which also deals with the orbifoldes géométriques introduced by Campana. The main ingredients to the proof are the Extension Theorem of Greb–Kebekus–Kovács–Peternell, a new version of the Negativity Lemma, the minimal model program, and a residue map for symmetric differentials on dlt pairs.

We also give an example showing that the statement cannot be generalized to spaces with Du Bois singularities.
As an application, we give a Kodaira–Akizuki–Nakano-type vanishing result for log canonical pairs which holds for reflexive as well as for Kähler differentials.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection after maternal persistent immunoglobulin-M antibodies against cytomegalovirus prior to conception
Authors: Nakajima Yoshiyuki , Masaoka Naoki , Yamamoto Tatsuo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We describe a case of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection transmitted by an immunocompetent woman infected before conception with continuous hyper CMV-immunoglobulin M (IgM). A 33-year-old woman whose CMV-IgM levels were stable more than 8 months before conception was referred at 35 gestational weeks due to fetal unilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly. The maternal serum CMV-IgG was 61.7 U/mL, and the CMV-IgM was 3.89 U/mL. An infant girl weighing 2297 g was delivered transvaginally. The neonate was found to have congenital CMV infection. After delivery, the high maternal CMV-IgM level has continued for more than 2 years. In conclusion, although continuous hyper CMV-IgM is rare, the infants of infected women may develop congenital infection. It is our hope that the information provided in the present case will further aid clinicians in counseling patients who find themselves in this situation.
Ospemifene metabolism in humans in vitro and in vivo: metabolite identification, quantitation, and CYP assignment of major hydroxylations
Authors: Tolonen Ari , Koskimies Pasi , Turpeinen Miia , Uusitalo Jouko , Lammintausta Risto , Pelkonen Olavi 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background: The metabolism of ospemifene, a novel nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator, was investigated as part of its development.

Methods: Metabolite identification, tentative quantitation, and CYP assignment of ospemifene were performed in human liver microsomes or homogenate incubations and in plasma samples from volunteer humans. The potential contributions of CYP enzymes were determined by recombinant human CYPs. Metabolite identification and tentative quantification were performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results: The relative abundances of metabolites produced were dependent on ospemifene concentration and liver preparation, but the largest quantities of 4- and 4′-hydroxy-ospemifene (and their glucuronides in smaller quantities) were produced in human liver microsomes at low ospemifene concentrations. Other metabolites were detected in in vitro incubation with human liver including a direct glucuronide of ospemifene and some metabolites with only minor abundance. In human plasma samples, 4-hydroxy-ospemifene was the most abundant metabolite, representing about 25% of the abundance of the parent compound. All the other metabolites detected in plasma, including 4′-hydroxy-ospemifene, represented <7% of the abundance of ospemifene. Several CYP enzymes participated in 4-hydroxylation, including CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4, whereas CYP3A enzymes were the only ones to catalyze 4′-hydroxylation.

Conclusions: In vitro incubations with liver preparations provided a rather reliable starting point in the search for potential metabolites in clinical settings. The in vitro metabolite profile is informative for the in vivo metabolite profile, especially regarding the major hydroxylated metabolites. However, it is anticipated that extended in vivo exposures may result in an increased production of more distal metabolites from major metabolites.
One-pot synthesis and crystal structure of an unusual amidine derived from heterocyclic ketene aminal derivative
Authors: Yang Penghui , Wang Wenzhen , Duan Yanshan , Qu Chengtun , Zhang Qunzheng 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
One-pot reaction of Meldrum’s acid (1) and heterocyclic ketene aminal (HKA, 2) in acetone affords an unusual amidine HKA derivative 4. The reaction catalysts were optimized and it was found that l-proline is the best catalyst for the one-pot reaction. The mechanism is discussed. The structure of compound 4 was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis.
Synthesis of 4-benzoyl-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives and their antimicrobial activities
Authors: Şahan Emine , Yıldırım İsmail , Albayrak Sevil 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The reaction of 1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid chloride (1) with various hydrazine derivatives 2a–c yielded the corresponding N,N-disubstituted 4-benzoyl-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazides 3a–c. These products underwent Friedel-Crafts acylations with arenes to afford compounds 4a–c. Treatment of 1 with aromatic diamines produced 1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamides 5a–c, which were allowed to react with phenylhydrazine to give hydrazone derivatives 6a–c. The structures of all new compounds were established by IR, 1H and 13C NMR data and elemental analyses. The new compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against Gram (-), Gram (+) bacteria and two yeasts using the disc diffusion method. N,N-Dimethylhydrazide derivative 3a is the most active compound of the series.
Sorption properties of hydrothermally modified wood and data evaluation based on the concept of Hansen solubility parameter (HSP)
Authors: Chirkova Jelena , Andersone Ingeborga , Grinins Juris , Andersons Bruno 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The effect of the hydrothermal modification (HTM) of the deciduous woods birch and aspen on their sorption behavior has been investigated by the vapor sorption method. An analysis of the experimental results was carried out based on the concept of Hansen solubility parameters (HSP), which takes into account the contribution of different forces – dispersion forces, dipole action, and hydrogen bonding – to the total cohesion energy. Sorption isotherms were measured concerning the vapors of water, methanol, and ethanol with unmodified and HTM woods at 160°C and 170°C during 3 and 1 h, respectively. The choice of sorbates was based on the parts of the hydrogen bonding and dispersion force to cohesion energy, in decreasing order of the former and increasing order of the latter. As a criterion of sorption, the value of the monolayer capacity was used, which was derived from the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation. Vapor sorption with unmodified and modified wood increased with increasing dispersion force component of the HSP of the sorbate. However, more substantial increase occurred for HTM wood, that is, wood surface became more hydrophobic. The reason for this observation is the change in the decreasing ratio holocellulose/lignin upon HTM. However, the chemical structure of lignin is also changed by HTM.
ACE inhibition enhances bradykinin relaxations through nitric oxide and B1 receptor activation in bovine coronary arteries
Authors: Gauthier Kathryn M. , Cepura Cody J. , Campbell William B. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Bradykinin causes vascular relaxations through release of endothelial relaxing factors including prostacyclin, nitric oxide (NO) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Bradykinin is metabolized by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE inhibition enhances bradykinin relaxations. Our goal was to characterize the role of bradykinin receptors and endothelial factors in ACE inhibitor-enhanced relaxations in bovine coronary arteries. In U46619 preconstricted arteries, bradykinin (10-11-10-8
m) caused concentration-dependent relaxations (maximal relaxation ≥100%, log EC50=-9.8±0.1). In the presence of the NO synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA, 30 μm) and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (10 μm), relaxations were reduced by an inhibitor of EET synthesis, miconazole (10 μm) (maximal relaxation=55±10%). Bradykinin relaxations were inhibited by the bradykinin 2 (B2) receptor antagonist, D-Arg0-Hyp3-Thi5,8-D-Phe7-bradykinin (1 μm) (log EC50=-8.5±0.1) but not altered by the B1 receptor antagonist, des-Arg9[Leu8]bradykinin (1 μm). Mass spectrometric analysis of bovine coronary artery bradykinin metabolites revealed a time-dependent increase in bradykinin (1–5) and (1–7) suggesting metabolism by ACE. ACE inhibition with captopril (50 μm) enhanced bradykinin relaxations (log EC50=-10.3±0.1). The enhanced relaxations were eliminated by L-NA or the B1 receptor antagonist but not the B2 receptor antagonist. Our results demonstrate that ACE inhibitor-enhanced bradykinin relaxations of bovine coronary arteries occur through endothelial cell B1 receptor activation and NO.
In vitro maturation of Drosophila melanogaster Spätzle protein with refolded Easter reveals a novel cleavage site within the prodomain
Authors: Ursel Christian , Fandrich Uwe , Hoffmann Anita , Sieg Torsten , Ihling Christian , Stubbs Milton T. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Dorsoventral patterning during Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis is mediated by a well-defined gradient of the mature NGF-like ligand Spätzle. Easter, the ultimate protease of a ventrally-restricted serine protease cascade, plays a key role in the regulation of the morphogenic gradient, catalyzing the activation cleavage of proSpätzle. As a result of alternative splicing, proSpätzle exists in multiple isoforms, almost all of which differ only in their prodomain. Although this domain is unstructured in isolation, it has a stabilizing influence on the mature cystine knot domain and is involved in the binding to the Toll receptor. Here, we report the expression and refolding of Easter, and show that the renatured enzyme performs the activation cleavage of two Spätzle isoforms. We determine the affinity of the prodomain for the cystine knot domain, and show that Easter performs a previously unknown secondary cleavage in each prodomain.
Sox appeal – Sox10 attracts epigenetic and transcriptional regulators in myelinating glia
Authors: Weider Matthias , Reiprich Simone , Wegner Michael 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Sox10 belongs to the Sox family of high-mobility group-box transcription factors. It fulfils widespread and essential functions in myelinating glia at multiple stages of development such as glial specification, survival and terminal differentiation. To a large extent, these diverse activities can be attributed to its capacity to interact with different transcription factors in distinct regulatory networks. Beyond transcription factors, an increasing number of interaction partners are emerging with alternative impact on gene expression. These include components of the mediator complex, the Brahma-associated factor complex and histone deacetylases. Here, we discuss interactions with functional relevance in myelinating glia and link Sox10 function in these cells not only to gene transcription, but also to epigenetics and chromatin remodeling.
Low-Temperature Sintering of Nanosilver Paste on a Gold Film Surface
Authors: Luo Shiyong , Zhang Xinlin , Huang Xiaojun , Xu Wencai 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNanosilver paste with a low sintering temperature is a high-demand interconnection material for electronic devices and components due to its superior electrical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties, as well as the fact that it is lead free. This study presents a nanoscale silver paste that can be sintered at 300 °C using 60-nm silver particles and an ethyl cellulose solution. The rheological and thixotropic behaviors of the typical paste were characterized, and the paste's screen printing ability was analyzed in detail. The paste demonstrates typical shear thinning rheological behavior and thixotropy of pseudoplastic fluids. Thermal characteristics of the 60 nm silver particles were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to obtain a proper sintering temperature schedule. In this report, we also discussed the solid content, thermodynamic driving force for densification, and sintering process of the nanosilver particles. A 83 wt% of silver solid content at a heating rate of 20 °C/min was favorable for achieving a proper sintering densification.
Microalgae Technology: A Patent Survey
Authors: Tabernero Antonio , Martín del Valle Eva M. , Galan Miguel A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
For a long time now, it is known that an infinite number of compounds can be obtained from microalgae due to their promising composition. This fact is used by several companies to produce at medium-scale different high value products such as carotenoids. Furthermore, this last decade research in this topic has significantly increased given the potential solution these microorganisms present to meet World environmental agreements regarding CO2 emissions. However, the culture of large-scale microalgae in order to obtain products which are required in huge quantities (e.g., oil for manufacturing biodiesel) and at the same time removing pollutants appeared as a difficult task due to the great number of variables that must be taken into account. The photobioreactor design for cultivating the microalgae is perhaps the most important task, but there are other bottle-necks, such as the harvesting system, cleaning system, control system, the chosen microalgae, and the extraction of products from the microalgae. This review focuses on around 200 patents covering microalgae technology, from different photobioreactors designs to microalgae applications, in order to construct a perfect large-scale facility removing CO2 in the process.