bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PAPARAN MIKROPLASTIK DAN POTENSI RISIKO KESEHATAN PENCERNAAN
Authors: Yuniari suryatini Kadek , I Gusti Ayu Rai  , I Gusti Agung Gede Wiadnyana  , Anak Agung Istri Mirah Dharmadewi  
Published: July 2024

Penemuan plastik telah membawa kemudahan bagi peradaban manusia karena plastik mempunyai daya tahan, fleksibilitas, dan biaya produksi yang rendah. Keberadaan plastik di lingkungan berasal dari kegiatan rumah tangga, industri, perdagangan, dan tempat umum. Hal tersebut akan berdampak dalam peningkatan sampah plastik. Proses dekomposisi plastik berlangsung sangat lambat sehingga diperlukan waktu ratusan tahun agar terdegradasi menjadi mikroplastik melalui berbagai proses fisik, kimiawi maupun biologis. Mikroplastik mempunyai ukuran kecil (<5 mm) dan memiliki berat 0,1-8,8 mg. Kekhawatiran tentang terjadinya distribusi dan toksikologi mikroplastik kini menjadi fokus perhatian publik di seluruh dunia. Saluran pencernaan diduga merupakan jalur utama masuknya mikroplastik ke dalam tubuh manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi risiko kesehatan pencernaan dengan adanya paparan mikroplastik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan (library research) dan data dianalisis secara deskriptif sehingga akan diperoleh gambaran atau penjelasan dari topik yang diteliti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui paparan mikroplastik secara terus-menerus pada manusia menimbulkan potensi risiko kesehatan pencernaan. Potensi tersebut telah dikaitkan dengan efek kesehatan pencernaan manusia seperti kerusakan saluran pencernaan, peradangan usus, dan dampak merugikan mikrobiota usus manusia. Efek tersebut masih dalam tahap penelitian tetapi bukti awal menunjukkan adanya potensi risiko kesehatan yang signifikan.
Environmental Security, Environmental Crime and National Security
Authors: Ibraj Bajram , Alushllari Mirela , Hysa Ferit 
Published: July 2024

In this paper we address environmental security, environmental crime and national security, which are important issues for the individual, society and the state. In this situation, we would be interested to look at the level of environmental security, environmental crime situation and the connection these two have with national security. Last decades have shown serious environmental damage and environmental security, despite the legal and criminal measures taken by the government and the state. This disturbing phenomenon remains a major problem for solution. Further we analyzed the legal framework for environmental protection, criminal offenses against the environment, the necessity of "insurance" environmental security. From the analysis results that environmental security and environmental crime threaten the national security of our country. The paper also presents some conclusions and recommendations for a more successful environmental security solution and respect for human rights and freedoms for the protection of the environment. Environmental protection through criminal legislation, criminal law and environmental law, required to be realized in accordance with international standards, resolutely fighting corruption and organized environmental crime.
Commitment in Collaborative Policy Innovation: Socio-Economic Development of Coastal Area Coastal Border Area in Nunukan District North Kalimantan Province
Authors: Palliwang Zainal Arifin , Jompa Jamaluddin , Ibrahim Muh. Akmal , Haning Mohammad Thahir 
Published: July 2024

Commitment is an attitude that reflects the extent to which an individual knows and is attached to his organization. This research aims to analyze the commitment of each stakeholder in an effort to reduce the use of plastic bottle waste in coastal areas which is used as a float for seaweed. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The results of the research explain that the Nunukan district government is always trying to provide outreach to the community regarding the use of plastic bottle waste which has an impact on the environment. In this case on Affective Commitment It was explained that the Nunukan district government always innovates and supports the community and the private sector in developing innovations related to environmentally friendly or HDPE buoys. The government is currently committed to distributing 400,000 buoys to seaweed farmers by 2024, this will of course also have an impact on the situation. social and economic aspects of coastal communities. Furthermore Continuances Commitment It was explained that not only related to reducing the rate of plastic waste, the government and other stakeholders such as the Nunukan district CSR forum also always make efforts to provide assistance to the community through assistance with drilling wells and assistance related to the use of plastic bottles to be used as environmentally friendly floats. Then Normative Commitment shows that the government is working together with stakeholders in developing environmentally friendly buoy innovations to reduce the rate of use of used plastic bottles.
Impact of Employer Branding on Job Satisfaction: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Farooq Baziga , Mushtaq Nabila , Naseer Peerzada Munaqib , Hakim Iqbal Ahmad 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Over the years, organisations have gained an immense realisation that employees are their biggest source of competitive advantage. Apart from attracting, recruiting, and selecting the best employees, organisations need to find ways to motivate and retain them as well. To do so, they need to cater to the needs of both current and prospective employees. The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive review of the concept of employer branding and its relationship with job satisfaction.
Research Method: The study reviewed empirical papers, review studies, and conference papers published in peer reviewed journals that are indexed in various databases related to employer branding and job satisfaction.
Findings: The findings of the study reveal that employer branding involves all the strategies that an organisation undertakes in order to elevate its reputation in the eyes of its current employees by virtue of its unique employee value proposition and also create a positive image in the minds of their prospective employees by highlighting various monetary and non-monetary benefits for getting associated with the brand. Also, organisation in their quest to attract and retain talented workforce have realised the importance of employer branding. The study also reveals that when employers prioritize meeting employee expectations, such as offering career advancement prospects and equitable remuneration, while still satisfying their own commitments, it fosters a sense of fairness and trust that eventually results in job satisfaction.
Implications: The study offers practical implications for organisations and human resource professionals. The organisations should reflect on the expectations of the workforce in order to foster a sense of belonging among the employees and increase job satisfaction. These expectations may be related to work-life balance, career development opportunities, an inclusive work culture, fair compensations, recognition and appreciation for their efforts.
Originality: The study emphasises the crucial role of employer branding and its various dimensions on employee job satisfaction in organisations as well as in higher educational institutions. Further, different empirical studies can use the developed conceptual framework to examine the relationship between employer branding and job satisfaction.
Influences of glacier melt and permafrost thaw on the age of dissolved organic carbon in the Yukon River basin
Authors: Aiken George R. , Spencer Robert G. M. , Striegl Robert G. , Schuster Paul F. , Raymond Peter A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractResponses of near‐surface permafrost and glacial ice to climate change are of particular significance for understanding long‐term effects on global carbon cycling and carbon export by high‐latitude northern rivers. Here we report Δ14C‐dissolved organic carbon (DOC) values and dissolved organic matter optical data for the Yukon River, 15 tributaries of the Yukon River, glacial meltwater, and groundwater and soil water end‐member sources draining to the Yukon River, with the goal of assessing mobilization of aged DOC within the watershed. Ancient DOC was associated with glacial meltwater and groundwater sources. In contrast, DOC from watersheds dominated by peat soils and underlain by permafrost was typically enriched in Δ14C indicating that degradation of ancient carbon stores is currently not occurring at large enough scales to quantitatively influence bulk DOC exports from those landscapes. On an annual basis, DOC exported was predominantly modern during the spring period throughout the Yukon River basin and became older through summer‐fall and winter periods, suggesting that contributions of older DOC from soils, glacial meltwaters, and groundwater are significant during these months. Our data indicate that rapidly receding glaciers and increasing groundwater inputs will likely result in greater contributions of older DOC in the Yukon River and its tributaries in coming decades.
Deformation mechanisms and rheology of serpentines in experiments and in nature
Authors: Amiguet Elodie , Van De Moortèle Bertrand , Cordier Patrick , Hilairet Nadège , Reynard Bruno 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMicrostructures in serpentine samples recovered from deformation experiments performed at high pressure (1–8 GPa), high temperature (150–500°C), and laboratory strain rates (4 10−4–10−6 s−1) were studied using transmission electron microscopy on thin sections prepared by focused ion beam. Lizardite crystals deform by easy glide along the basal planes associated with microkink. This mechanism is associated with a plastic strength of ~100 MPa that defines the upper bound of lizardite strength in natural conditions. Antigorite crystals deform essentially by conjugated slip along (101) and planes observed in sections close to (010). This conjugate system results in an apparent global slip system akin to [100](001). In all samples, delamination and comminution produce fine‐grained interconnected regions at grain boundaries because intracrystalline deformation mechanisms are insufficient to satisfy the von Mises criterion. The deformation laws of lizardite (plastic flow) and antigorite (strain rate dependent) differ because of their differing intracrystalline deformation mechanisms. Subgrain boundary geometry in natural samples and [100](001) crystal preferred orientations indicate the activation of slip systems similar to those observed in experimentally deformed samples, suggesting that the strain rate‐dependent rheology of antigorite derived from experiments applies to subduction zone conditions. Delamination of antigorite crystals of a few tens to hundreds of nanometers is not observed in natural samples from subduction zones, suggesting plastic deformation of serpentinites at natural low strain rates and stresses is likely accompanied by recrystallization through dissolution‐precipitation processes that act as a low‐temperature equivalent of dynamic recrystallization through diffusion at high temperature.
Characterization of an unexpected snowfall event in Iqaluit, Nunavut, and surrounding area during the Storm Studies in the Arctic field project
Authors: Fargey S. , Henson W. , Hanesiak J. , Goodson R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSmall accumulation precipitation events are critical for the high‐latitude hydrological cycle. They contribute to more than 50% of total accumulation in the area and occur at a greater frequency than high‐accumulation events. Despite their importance, the processes controlling them have not been investigated in sufficient detail. This study characterizes an unexpected high‐latitude snowfall event at Iqaluit, Nunavut, and surrounding area during the Storm Studies in the Arctic field project. High‐resolution data collected, from both ground based and airborne Doppler radar, along with upper air and surface observations, provided the basis for analysis of the conditions that led to the event and offer some insight as to why it was not well forecast by the Canadian operational model. Several factors worked in concert to produce this event. Low‐level convection and upslope processes were important in cloud and precipitation generation over the orography upstream. When combined with additional lift from the passing of a weak trough, cloud and precipitation production were enhanced, allowing these features to penetrate over the terrain and resulted in precipitation at Iqaluit. Analysis of the global environmental multiscale limited area model (2.5 km resolution) suggests that upstream convection and upslope processes were affected by model errors. As a consequence, precipitation onset was delayed, and the total accumulation was 50% lower than the observations. Results indicate that the complexity of precipitation events in the region represents a significant challenge for predicting and modeling and understanding their role in the region's hydrological cycle.
A comprehensive evaluation of precipitation simulations over China based on CMIP5 multimodel ensemble projections
Authors: Chen Liang , Frauenfeld Oliver W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPrecipitation variability has great economic, social, and environmental impacts across the globe, and in particular in China. This paper evaluates the historical precipitation variability based on 20 general circulation models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) archive over the 20th century relative to two observational data sets and quantifies CMIP5 improvements over CMIP3. Multimodel ensemble means and individual models are assessed. Three future emission scenarios are used (representative concentration pathways (RCP) 8.5, RCP 4.5, and RCP 2.6), and 21st century CMIP5 estimates are put into context based on the 20th century biases. We find that CMIP5 models can reproduce the spatial pattern of precipitation over China during the 20th century, which represents an improvement over CMIP3. However, the models overestimate the magnitude of seasonal and annual precipitation in most regions of China, especially along the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and underestimate summer precipitation over southeastern China. For China as a whole, CMIP5's overestimation of annual precipitation is greater than CMIP3, which can be traced back to a greater underestimation of summer precipitation in CMIP3. There is a large spread among individual models, with the greatest uncertainties in simulating summer precipitation. Trends and correlations also suggest a better agreement of CMIP5 with observations than CMIP3. Throughout the 20th century, both the observations and models show an increasing trend in precipitation over parts of northwestern China and a decreasing trend over the Tibetan Plateau. There is poor agreement in precipitation trends over the southeast and northeast regions. In general, multimodel means cannot capture the amplitude of observed multidecadal precipitation variability. In the 21st century, precipitation is generally projected to increase across all of China under all three scenarios. RCP 8.5 exhibits the largest significant trend at a rate of +1.5 mm/yr, corresponding to 16% precipitation increase by the end of the century. The RCP 2.6 scenario shows the smallest increases, at +0.5 mm/yr (6%) by 2100. The greatest increases are projected to occur over the Tibetan Plateau and eastern China in summer, suggesting an altered monsoonal circulation in the future. However, due to the uncertainties in CMIP5, future precipitation projections should be interpreted with caution.
Comparison of 240 ka long organic carbon and carbonate records along a depth transect in the Timor Sea: Primary signals versus preservation changes
Authors: Liu Wei , Baudin François , Moreno Eva , Dewilde Fabien , Caillon Nicolas , Fang Nianqiao , Bassinot Franck 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTotal organic carbon (TOC) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) records from different water depths in the Timor Sea (NE Indian Ocean) are compared in order to better reconstruct past changes in pelagic productivity, highlight the impact of preservation at depth, and unravel the interplay of organic carbon and carbonate sedimentation. New data are presented for core MD01‐2376 located at 2376 m depth. These results are compared, over the last 240 ka, with published data on two neighboring cores (MD01‐2378, 1783 m and MD98‐2166, 3875 m). TOC fluctuations show strong glacial/interglacial variations and Milankovitch‐type oscillations (i.e., dominant frequencies centered on the 100, 41, and 23 ka bands), with an enrichment during cold periods that reflects an increase in primary productivity as well as a lesser decomposition of organic matter with depth. During interglacials, TOC values are lower and show a stronger gradient with depth of deposition than during glacials. This suggests an overall better ventilation of deepwater masses and a steeper vertical gradient in the oxygen content, possibly associated to the upward extension of the oxygen‐rich deep waters relative to the glacial situation. Temporal fluctuations in the CaCO3 records do not show such a glacial‐interglacial pattern but reveal precession‐ and obliquity‐related oscillations. Fluctuations in the 19–23 ka bands are only observed in the shallowest core, while fluctuations in the 41 ka band are clearly expressed in the two deepest cores, suggesting that this signal is more directly related to changes in carbonate preservation at the seafloor.
Holocene tropical western Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures in covariation with climatic changes in the Indonesian region
Authors: Kuhnert Henning , Kuhlmann Holger , Mohtadi Mahyar , Meggers Helge , Baumann Karl‐Heinz , Pätzold Jürgen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical Indian Ocean is a major component of global climate teleconnections. While the Holocene SST history is documented for regions affected by the Indian and Arabian monsoons, data from the near‐equatorial western Indian Ocean are sparse. Reconstructing past zonal and meridional SST gradients requires additional information on past temperatures from the western boundary current region. We present a unique record of Holocene SST and thermocline depth variations in the tropical western Indian Ocean as documented in foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios and δ18O from a sediment core off northern Tanzania. For Mg/Ca and thermocline δ18O, most variance is concentrated in the centennial to bicentennial periodicity band. On the millennial time scale, an early to mid‐Holocene (~7.8–5.6 ka) warm phase is followed by a temperature drop by up to 2°C, leading to a mid‐Holocene cool interval (5.6–4.2 ka). The shift is accompanied by an initial reduction in the difference between surface and thermocline foraminiferal δ18O, consistent with the thickening of the mixed layer and suggestions of a strengthened Walker circulation. However, we cannot confirm the expected enhanced zonal SST gradient, as the cooling of similar magnitude had previously been found in SSTs from the upwelling region off Sumatra and in Flores air temperatures. The SST pattern probably reflects the tropical Indian Ocean expression of a large‐scale climate anomaly rather than a positive Indian Ocean Dipole‐like mean state.
Impact of the sea surface temperature rise on storm‐track clouds in global nonhydrostatic aqua planet simulations
Authors: Kodama C. , Iga S. , Satoh M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAqua planet experiments were conducted to investigate storm‐track cloud change due to sea surface temperature (SST) rise. Fourteen kilometer mesh global nonhydrostatic model was employed with an explicit cloud microphysical process, and the model output data were composited to the cyclone center. Both the column‐integrated liquid and ice cloud contents are significantly increased around the cyclone center due to the SST rise. The occurrence of low‐level liquid clouds becomes more frequent not only near the cyclone center but also for all of the higher latitudes, which cannot be seen in low‐resolution models. This as well as thicker liquid clouds enhances shortwave cooling. Upper level ice clouds occur more frequently on the east side of the cyclone center, and they partly offset the enhanced shortwave cooling through longwave warming. These results may imply an importance of the cloud‐scale process with cloud microphysics on the storm‐track clouds and their radiative forcing.
Microphysics of clouds and rain over the Western Ghat
Authors: Konwar Mahen , Das S. K. , Deshpande S. M. , Chakravarty K. , Goswami B. N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn an attempt to unravel the interactions between cloud microphysics and dynamics that make shallow clouds precipitate heavily in this region, some unique observations of rain and cloud microphysical parameters are presented here from two stations, Pune and Mahabaleshwar, one each on the lee and windward sides, respectively, of the Western Ghat (WG) mountains in peninsular India. To elucidate rain microphysics, we used the raindrop size distribution (DSD) by fitting three parameter Gamma functions to the observed raindrop spectra. Over Pune, during stratiform rain with bright band (BB) at 0°C isotherm; concave upward DSD shapes are observed below the BB which becomes concave downward at lower altitudes. It is due to breakup process of large raindrops which increases drop concentration at midsizes suggesting coalescence, collision, and breakup processes. Both slope and intercept parameters of Gamma DSD decrease during no BB condition as altitudes decrease, signifying collision and coalescence processes. Over Mahabaleshwar, bimodal and monomodal DSD are observed during light and heavy rainfall, respectively. With shallow storm heights, small raindrops mainly contribute to both types of rainfall. The DSDs are parameterized, and their radar reflectivity factor‐rainfall intensity relationships are evaluated suggesting the dominance of collision‐coalescence processes. Aircraft measurements of orographic clouds over the WG suggest interaction of cloud mass with the ambient updraft speed. The orographically forced updrafts foster rapid condensational growth of cloud droplets triggering coalescence process within few hundred meters of cloud depth. Hence, these clouds are dynamically forced to produce precipitation over the WG.
Debt crisis
Authors: Orr Martin 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A debt crisis occurs when an organization finds itself unable to service its debt and is at risk of default on its loans. When a nation is unable to service its public debt, this is referred to as a sovereign debt crisis. Debt crises may lead to contagion, in which those holding the debt in turn find themselves at risk of default to their creditors. In a neoliberal financial system, dominated by Western control of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, contagion has led to several sovereign debt crises with global impact.
Livestock and Meat Industries
Authors: Maclachlan Ian 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Domestic livestock (defined broadly to include bovines such as cattle and buffalo, swine, horses, sheep, goats, camelids, and poultry) are found in every world region where they may function as draft animals providing a source of primary motive power or as a source of animal products including meat, blood, egg, and dairy foods for human consumption; pharmaceuticals; leather, wool, and feathers; and meat, bone, and blood meal for use as fertilizer and animal feed. The global spread of domestic livestock, mainly from the Old World to the New, began as a component of colonial policies to establish self‐sustaining settlements in the Americas, Australasia, and South Africa. Facilitated by technological changes in transportation and food preservation, livestock production and meat marketing attained global scope by the late nineteenth century. Rapid growth in meat and dairy product consumption in the late twentieth century and into the twenty‐first century has fueled the globalization of the production and trade of livestock and meat products.