bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular carcinoma with steatohepatitic features: a clinicopathological study of Japanese patients
Authors: Shibahara Junji , Ando Sumiyo , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Kokudo Norihiro , Fukayama Masashi 
Published: December 2013

AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of steatohepatitic features in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) using a large‐scale analysis.Methods and resultsRetrospective clinicopathological analysis was performed on HCCs treated surgically at the University of Tokyo Hospital between 2005 and 2010. The diagnosis of HCC with steatohepatitic features (SH‐HCC) was made if the tumour fulfilled four of the following five criteria: steatosis (>5% tumour cells), ballooning or Mallory–Denk body formation, interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory infiltrates. There were 120 HCCs (31.4%) from 106 patients (36.3%) that met the criteria of SH‐HCC. Patients with SH‐HCC were characterized by a higher frequency of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, along with higher serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, than those with conventional HCC (P < 0.01). The background liver of SH‐HCC patients showed steatosis and steatohepatitis more frequently (P < 0.01). SH‐HCCs were smaller, relatively more differentiated and had a higher frequency of bile duct invasion (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis failed to show prognostic significance of steatohepatitic features in HCCs.ConclusionsSH‐HCC is a subcategory of HCC associated with the patient's metabolic condition and the presence of steatosis or steatohepatitis in the background liver. Steatohepatitic features were not a significant prognostic factor for HCCs.
Nurses' job satisfaction and attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS in Russia
Authors: Hamama L. , Tartakovsky E. , Eroshina K. , Patrakov E. , Golubkova A. , Bogushevich J. , Shardina L. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundPrevious studies internationally have highlighted that working with people living with HIV/AIDS may lead to nurses' stress and burnout. However, this topic has not been well explored in Russia, a country with an exponential growth in HIV/AIDS.AimThis study focused on nurses' job satisfaction and their attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS in centres where nurses regularly treat such patients, and in a general hospital where nurses rarely treat such patients.MethodWe distributed three self‐report questionnaires: demographics, job satisfaction and attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS to nurses working in six HIV/AIDS centres and the largest general hospital in Ekaterinburg, Russia. Sixty‐nine nurses from the HIV/AIDS centres and 66 from the general hospital (about 90% of those approached) completed these.ResultsNurses who regularly treated people with HIV/AIDS were significantly younger and a greater number held master degrees than those who rarely treated such patients. No significant differences between the two settings emerged for job satisfaction but what did emerge were differences in nurses' attitudes: nurses in HIV/AIDS centres reported less avoidance than nurses in the general hospital. Regarding empathetic attitudes, no significant differences emerged, but empathetic attitudes contributed to the explained variance of job satisfaction.ConclusionAlthough our sample was small, the associations found between avoidant attitudes and job satisfaction highlight the need for stigma‐reduction strategies and increased disease knowledge. Healthcare managers should consider attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS as an important factor in ensuring adequate care for them and initiate education programmes for nurses, especially programmes dealing with HIV/AIDS in general hospitals.Implications for nursing and health policySupport and supervision can be used as a strategy, for empowering nurses to meet the challenges of working with HIV/AIDS patients.
Depression, self‐esteem and anger expression patterns of Korean nursing students
Authors: Cha N.H. , Sok S.R. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundAccording to previous studies, nursing students' anger expression patterns, depression and self‐esteem significantly affected the physical and mental well‐being of patients. It is of utmost importance that the relationship among them is thoroughly investigated in this study.AimThe purpose of this study was to examine the degrees of anger expression patterns, depression and self‐esteem of Korean nursing students and to examine the correlations among them.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross‐sectional study. The subjects consisted of 320 Korean nursing students at colleges in S and G city, Korea. The measurements were based on the Korean standard STAXI (State‐Trait Anger Expression Inventory), SCL‐90‐R (Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revision) and SLCS‐R (Self‐Liking/Self‐Competence Scale‐Revised Version).ResultsIn the analysis of the degrees of variances, the subjects showed lower anger repression, anger expression, control of anger and depression. The degree of self‐esteem revealed a higher than the median value. There were significant correlations among anger expression patterns (anger repression, anger expression and anger control), depression and self‐esteem.LimitationsThe study limitations were the degree of representativeness of the setting and sample, and its generalizability.ConclusionBased on the findings of this study, interventions are needed for Korean nursing students in order to promote anger management and improved self‐esteem.Implications for nursing and health policyThe development of an anger control programme for nursing students should focus on lowering depression and enhancing self‐esteem. One of the policy issues focused on providing anger management programmes for lowering depression and enhancing self‐esteem. This study will enable nursing students to recognize the importance of controlling their anger, enhancing their self‐esteem, establishing positive emotions and improving their overall well‐being as future professional nurses.
Impact of traumatic dental injuries among adolescents on family's quality of life: a population‐based study
Authors: Bendo Cristiane B. , Paiva Saul M. , Abreu Mauro H. , Figueiredo Lícian D. , Vale Miriam P. 
Published: December 2013

AimTo evaluate the impact of traumatic dental injury (TDI) among Brazilian adolescents on their families' quality of life (QoL).DesignA cross‐sectional study was carried out with a population‐based sample of 1122 schoolchildren aged 11–14 years selected using a multistage sampling procedure. Parents/caregivers answered the Brazilian version of the 14‐item Family Impact Scale (B‐FIS) to assess the impact on family's QoL. The main independent variable was TDI, which was diagnosed using the Andreasen classification. Malocclusion, dental caries, gender and socio‐economic classification were the other independent variables. Poisson regression analyses were carried out (P < 0.05).ResultsThe prevalence of TDI was 14.8%. The multivariate model demonstrated that families of adolescents diagnosed with fracture involving the dentine or dentine/pulp were more likely to report a negative impact on the overall B‐FIS score [rate ratio (RR) = 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.88] as well on the Parental/Family Activity (RR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.09–1.94), Parental Emotions (RR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.03‐2.04) and Family Conflict (RR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.01–2.11) subscales in comparison with those who had no signs of TDI.ConclusionsFamilies of adolescents with more severe TDI were more likely to report a negative impact on QoL, affecting family activities and emotions, which can result in family conflicts.
Energetics and Structure of Polymer‐Derived Si–(B–)O–C Glasses: Effect of the Boron Content and Pyrolysis Temperature
Authors: Tavakoli Amir H. , Campostrini Renzo , Gervais Christel , Babonneau Florence , Bill Joachim , Sorarù Gian D. , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: December 2013

The structure and properties of polymer‐derived Si–(B–)O–C glasses have been shown to be significantly influenced by the boron content and pyrolysis temperature. This work determined the impact of these two parameters on the thermodynamic stability of these glasses. High‐temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry was performed on a series of amorphous samples, with varying boron contents (0–7.7 at.%), obtained by pyrolysis of precursors made by a sol–gel technique. Thermodynamic analysis of the calorimetric results demonstrated that at a constant pyrolysis temperature, adding boron makes the materials energetically less stable. While the B‐containing glasses pyrolyzed at 1000°C were energetically less stable than the competitive crystalline components, increasing the pyrolysis temperature to 1200°C led to their enthalpic stability. 29Si and 11B MAS nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements on selected samples confirmed a decrease in the concentrations of mixed Si‐centered SOiC4−i and B‐centered BOjC3−j bonds at the expense of formation of SiO4 and B(OSi)3 species (indicating a tendency toward phase separation) when the boron content and pyrolysis temperature increased. In light of the findings from calorimetry and NMR spectroscopy, we propose a structure–energetic relationship in Si–(B–)O–C glasses.
Quality of doctoral nursing education in the United Kingdom: exploring the views of doctoral students and staff based on a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey
Authors: McKenna Hugh , Keeney Sinead , Kim Mi Ja , Park Chang Gi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the quality of doctoral education in nursing in the United Kingdom.BackgroundIn recent decades, doctoral education programmes in nursing are increasing worldwide. There are many reasons for this and concerns have been raised regarding the quality of provision in and across countries. To date, the quality of doctoral education on a global level has not been reported in the literature. This United Kingdom study is part of a seven country investigation into the quality of doctoral education in nursing (Australia, Japan, Korea, South Africa, Thailand, United Kingdom and United States of America).DesignA quantitative study using a cross‐sectional comparative survey design.MethodAn online survey was administered to collect the views of doctoral students and staff members on four domains: programme, faculty/staff, resource and evaluation. The study was carried out between 2010–2012.ResultsIn most cases, staff perceived these more positively than students and the differences in perception were often statistically significant. Interestingly, many students rated the quality of supervision as excellent, whereas no staff member rated supervision this highly. The crucial importance of resources was confirmed in the path analysis of the four Quality of Doctoral Nursing Education domains. This demonstrates that investment in resources is much more cost‐effective than investment in the other domains in relation to improving the overall quality of doctoral education in nursing.ConclusionThis study has wide‐ranging implications for how the quality of doctoral education is monitored and enhanced.
Positive correlations between hCAP18/LL‐37 and chondroitin sulphate levels in chronic periodontitis
Authors: Makeudom Anupong , Kulpawaropas Samakorn , Montreekachon Pattanin , Khongkhunthian Sakornrat , Sastraruji Thanapat , Pothacharoen Peraphan , Kongtawelert Prachya , Krisanaprakornkit Suttichai 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimTo measure the levels of hCAP18/LL‐37 in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontal diseases compared with healthy controls and to determine the correlation between hCAP18/LL‐37 and chondroitin sulphate (CS) levels in patients with periodontitis.Material and MethodsGingival crevicular fluid samples from 51 patients and 25 healthy volunteers were analysed for the hCAP18/LL‐37 levels by immunoblotting and were determined for the CS levels by the competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsTris buffer pH 9.85 was selected to recover hCAP18/LL‐37 from Periopaper strips, in which the percentages of recovery were around 70%. The median levels of hCAP18/LL‐37 in the aggressive and the chronic periodontitis (CP) groups were significantly greater than those in the gingivitis and the healthy groups (p < 0.05). Significant correlations between the unprocessed 18‐kDa fragment and CS levels (r = 0.650; p < 0.001) and between the mature 4.6‐kDa fragment and CS levels (r = 0.502; p < 0.001) were observed only in the CP group.ConclusionThe significant correlations between the hCAP18/LL‐37 and the CS levels were found in CP, but not in aggressive periodontitis. The presence versus absence of such correlations may be clinically applicable to help clinicians distinguish between two distinct types of periodontitis.
Effect of Infusion Time and Temperature on Decaffeination of Tea Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction Technique
Authors: Sharif Rabia , Ahmad Syed Waqas , Anjum Hirra , Ramzan Naveed , Malik Shahid Raza 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPure caffeine was dissolved in four different solvents, i.e., distilled water, ethyl acetate, chloroform and dichloromethane; further, molar decadic absorption coefficient of each solvent was determined with the help of Beer–Lambert law. It was observed that dichloromethane was the best for decaffeination as compared with the other three solvents (i.e., distilled water, chloroform and ethyl acetate). Caffeine was extracted using dichloromethane from five famous tea brands, namely Alokozay, Lipton, Tapal, Tetley and PG TIPS. The amount of extracted caffeine was quantified by employing UV‐vis spectrophotometric technique. The concentration of the caffeine in the tea solution was determined at different brewing time (2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min) and temperature (90 and 30C). The caffeine contents in the commercial brands (i.e., Alokozay, Lipton, Tapal, Tetley and PG TIPS) were found in the range between 1 and 5%.Practical ApplicationsCaffeine becomes an important issue because of its utilization in pharmaceuticals. It is also an eminent fact that excessive amount of caffeine can be dangerous to human health. In addition, tea is one of the main sources of caffeine for human body. So, the present experimental studies are mainly focused to quantify and reduce the caffeine contents using a cost‐effective, accurate and precise way. For this purpose, an analytical technique, i.e., UV‐vis spectrophotometry, used to determine the caffeine contents and solvent extraction process was employed to extract the caffeine from its tea aqueous solution.
Chemical Composition Analysis and Antibacterial Mode of Action of Taxus Cuspidata Leaf Essential Oil against Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: Bajpai Vivek K. , Sharma Ajay , Moon Bokyung , Baek Kwang‐Hyun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study examined the antibacterial mode of action of Taxus cuspidata leaf essential oil (TCEO) against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of microwave‐extracted TCEO resulted in examination of 34 different compounds, representing 81.63% of the total oil. The TCEO (1,000 μg per disc) showed antibacterial effect against Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 43174 and Escherichia coli ATCC 43889 as diameters of inhibition zones (22.0 ± 0.4 to 34.0 ± 1.2 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values of TCEO against the tested pathogens were found in the range of 250–1,000 μg/mL. Also, the TCEO had potential inhibitory effect on the viable counts of test pathogens. The TCEO revealed its mode of action on membrane integrity as confirmed by marked release of extracellular adenosine triphosphate, 260 nm absorbing materials and potassium ion efflux. The scanning electron microscopy analysis using TCEO further confirmed severe morphological alterations on the cell membrane of test pathogens.Practical ApplicationsBecause of frequent foodborne outbreaks and rising concern of consumers on the use of chemical preservatives in foods, the food industry is emphasizing the use of natural antibacterial agents from plant origin as safe food preservatives. Some selected plant materials are used as natural antimicrobials in food systems to prevent the growth of foodborne pathogens, resulting in the extension of shelf life of processed foods. Taxus cuspidata leaf essential oil (TCEO) is shown by this study to elicit its antibacterial action against foodborne pathogens through membrane permeabilization and can be used to control the growth of several foodborne pathogens. Hence, it is anticipated that TCEO may have greater potential for its practical application as an affective food preservative.
DJ‐1 deficiency triggers microglia sensitivity to dopamine toward a pro‐inflammatory phenotype that is attenuated by rasagiline
Authors: Trudler Dorit , Weinreb Orly , Mandel Silvia A. , Youdim Moussa B. H. , Frenkel Dan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDJ‐1 is an oxidative stress sensor that localizes to the mitochondria when the cell is exposed to oxidative stress. DJ‐1 mutations that result in gene deficiency are linked to increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Activation of microglial stress conditions that are linked to PD may result in neuronal death. We postulated that DJ‐1 deficiency may increase microglial neurotoxicity. We found that down‐regulation of DJ‐1 in microglia using an shRNA approach increased cell sensitivity to dopamine as measured by secreted pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β and IL‐6. Furthermore, we discovered that DJ‐1‐deficient microglia had increased monoamine oxidase activity that resulted in elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide leading to increased dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Rasagaline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor approved for treatment of PD, reduced the microglial pro‐inflammatory phenotype and significantly reduced neurotoxicity. Moreover, we discovered that DJ‐1‐deficient microglia have reduced expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), previously suggested as a risk factor for pro‐inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Further studies of DJ‐1‐mediated cellular pathways in microglia may contribute useful insights into the development of PD providing future avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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We postulated that DJ‐1 deficiency may increase microglial neurotoxicity to dopaminergic neurons. We discovered that DJ‐1‐deficient microglia had increased monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity that resulted in elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, leading to increased dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Rasagaline, an MAO inhibitor approved for treatment of PD, reduced the microglial pro‐inflammatory phenotype and neurotoxicity.
Organizational Learning Ambidexterity, Strategic Flexibility, and New Product Development
Authors: Wei Zelong , Yi Yaqun , Guo Hai 
Published: December 2013

Although organizational ambidexterity has gained momentum in recent innovation research, previous literature still offers a confusing and partial picture about how to leverage ambidexterity for new product development because of two limitations. First, previous research mainly focuses on static resource endowment and thus offers little insight about how firms should dynamically reconfigure resource portfolios to leverage organizational ambidexterity. Second, conceptual confusion on the notion of the balance dimension of organization ambidexterity still exists.This study seeks to explore how firms should dynamically reconfigure resource portfolios to leverage organizational ambidexterity for new product development and to bring greater conceptual clarity to the notion of balance. By extending the static resource assumption, which is central to the extant debate in organizational ambidexterity literature, this research unpacks ambidexterity into a relative exploratory dimension and an interactive dimension. We further investigated the moderating effect of resource flexibility and coordination flexibility on the impacts of the two dimensions on new product development performance.Based on the dynamic resource management view and organizational learning theory, we proposed six hypotheses and collected data from 213 firms through a survey to examine the hypotheses. Our results indicate that relative exploratory dimension and interactive dimension have different effects on new product development. Specifically, the relative exploratory dimension has an inverse U‐shaped effect on new product development while the interactive dimension has a positive effect. Furthermore, we find that resource flexibility and coordination flexibility have positive moderating effects on the relationships between the two dimensions of ambidexterity and new product development performance. Our study contributes to the ambidexterity research in three ways. First, from a dynamic resource management view, this study extends previous ambidexterity research from a static view to a dynamic view by exploring the moderating effects of resource flexibility and coordination flexibility. Second, we extend the understanding on ambidexterity by bringing greater conceptual clarity to the notion of balance. Third, this research provides new evidence on the effects of ambidextrous learning on new product development performance in transition economy such as China, where ambidextrous learning is crucial for firms to adapt to a dynamic environment.