bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental sequence of the chondrocranium in the obligate carnivorous larvae of Lepidobatrachus laevis (Amphibia: Ceratophryidae)
Authors: Hernández‐Nieto Sebastián , Ziermann‐Canabarro Janine M. , Lukas Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe vertebrate head and its skull represent a significant innovation that has played a key role in the evolutionary and ecological success of vertebrates. For a global and integral understanding of the evolution of the head skeleton, it is essential to have reliable information on the development of chondrocranium in a wide range of vertebrate species. Therefore, we studied the cranial chondrogenesis of the larva of the Budgett frog, Lepidobatrachus laevis (Ceratophryidae, Neobatrachia). We studied the development using several methods, including histological preparation of transverse sections of the chondrocranium, morphological analysis of three different states of development (mesenchymal aggregation, differentiation, and chondrification), and three‐dimensional digital reconstructions. As a result, we observed that the Anlage of the chondrocranium at Gosner stage 19 is laterally compressed, that is, it is initially higher than wide. It gradually flattens, enlarges, and differentiates until reaching a very wide and flat shape at Gosner stage 26. Furthermore, we show that the chondrocranial development of L. laevis takes place in a mosaic pattern, which differs to nontetrapod vertebrates in which an anterior to posterior gradient of chondrification is observed. We identified 19 developmental stages in L. laevis according to the chondrification state of its cranial structures. The first element reaching the differentiation‐into‐chondroblast stage is the hypobranchial plate of the branchial basket, and chondrification, that is, final differentiation, occurs simultaneously in several structures of the neurocranium and viscerocranium. We hypothesize that the rapid chondrification of L. laevis' chondrocranium is an adaptation to the semi‐arid climate conditions from its type locality, El Gran Chaco in South America. Due to the only temporary availability of suitable water accumulations this apparent accelerated development would make sense to ensure the tadpoles are froglets by the time the water body disappears. Here, we provide novel information on chondrocranial development in L. laevis. We compare our results to the developmental sequences, previously known from other vertebrate taxa, particularly within the amphibian phylogeny, in an attempt to understand developmental variability and the evolutionary history of the vertebrate head skeleton.
The impact of climate vulnerability on new firm formation
Authors: Anton Sorin Gabriel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to examine the influence of climate vulnerability (CV) on the formation of new firms. Employing a large sample of 140 countries spanning the time frame 2006–2020, it has been found that climate vulnerability harms new firm formation. The empirical results show that the negative impact of CV on the average new business formation rate has been 3.40. The results prove to be robust for alternative subsamples and methodology. Furthermore, the results of the quantile regression highlight a parameter heterogeneity in the effect of CV on entrepreneurial activity. Overall, the empirical findings highlight the key role of climate vulnerabilities in developing public policies aimed to spur entrepreneurial activity.
Phase 1 dose escalation study of the MDM2 inhibitor milademetan as monotherapy and in combination with azacitidine in patients with myeloid malignancies
Authors: DiNardo Courtney D. , Olin Rebecca , Wang Eunice S. , Skikne Barry , Rosenthal Joseph , Kumar Prasanna , Sumi Hiroyuki , Hizukuri Yoshiyuki , Hong Ying , Patel Parul , Seki Takahiko , Duan Tao , Lesegretain Arnaud , Andreeff Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMouse double minute‐2 homolog (MDM2) plays a key role in downregulating p53 activity in hematologic malignancies, and its overexpression is associated with poor outcomes.MethodsThis phase 1 study assessed the safety and efficacy of different dosing regimens of the MDM2 inhibitor milademetan as monotherapy and in combination with azacitidine (AZA) in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia or high‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes.ResultsSeventy‐four patients (monotherapy, n = 57; milademetan‐AZA combination, n = 17) were treated. The maximum tolerated dose of milademetan was 160 mg once daily given for the first 14–21 days of 28‐day cycles as monotherapy and on Days 5–14 in combination with AZA. Dose‐limiting toxicities were gastrointestinal, fatigue, or renal/electrolyte abnormalities. Treatment‐emergent adverse events related to milademetan occurred in 82.5% and 64.7% of participants in the monotherapy and AZA combination arms, respectively. Two participants (4.2%) in the monotherapy arm achieved complete remission (CR), and 1 (2.1%) achieved CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi). Two participants (13.3%) achieved CRi in the combination arm. New TP53 mutations, detected only during milademetan monotherapy, were found pre‐existing below standard detection frequency by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.InterpretationMilademetan was relatively well tolerated in this population; however, despite signals of activity, clinical efficacy was minimal.
Impact of monocytic differentiation on acute myeloid leukemia patients treated with venetoclax and hypomethylating agents
Authors: Jin Dian , He Jingsong , Chen Haoguang , Wu Wenjun , Han Xiaoyan , Le Jing , Shu Wenxiu , Yang Qianqian , Pei Shanshan , Cai Zhen , He Donghua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlthough the combination of venetoclax (VEN) and hypomethylating agents (HMAs) results in impressive efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), there is still a subset of patients who are refractory. We investigated the outcomes of AML patients with monocytic differentiation who were treated with frontline VEN/HMA.MethodsA total of 155 patients with newly diagnosed AML treated with frontline VEN/HMA were enrolled in the study. Monocyte‐like AML was identified by flow cytometry with typical expression of monocytic markers, and M5 was identified according to French, American, and British category. We compared the outcomes of patients with different characteristics.ResultsThe rate of complete remission (CR) and CR with incomplete recovery of blood counts (CRi), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in monocyte‐like AML were inferior to those in nonmonocyte‐like AML (CR/CRi rates, 26.7% vs. 80.0%, p < 0.001; median PFS, 2.1 vs. 8.8 months, p < 0.001; median OS, 9.2 vs. 19 months, p = 0.013). CR/CRi rate in M5 was lower than that in non‐M5 (60.7% vs. 75.5%, p = 0.049). Multivariate analyses showed that monocyte‐like AML was associated with lower odds of CR/CRi and higher risk of progression.ConclusionOur study suggested that newly diagnosed AML with a monocytic immunophenotype had a poor prognosis with VEN/HMA treatment.
New insights into the role of tetraspanin 6, 7, and 8 in physiology and pathology
Authors: Mrozowska Monika , Górnicki Tomasz , Olbromski Mateusz , Partyńska Aleksandra Izabela , Dzięgiel Piotr , Rusak Agnieszka 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe tetraspanin (TSPAN) family comprises 33 membrane receptors involved in various physiological processes in humans. Tetrasapanins are surface proteins expressed in cells of various organisms. They are localised to the cell membrane by four transmembrane domains (TM4SF). These domains bind several cell surface receptors and signalling proteins to tetraspanin‐enriched lipid microdomains (TERM or TEM). Tetraspanins play a critical role in anchoring many proteins. They also act as a scaffold for cell signalling proteins.AimTo summarise how tetraspanins 6, 7 and 8 contribute to the carcinogenesis process in different types of cancer.MethodsTo provide a comprehensive review of the role of tetraspanins 6, 7 and 8 in cancer biology, we conducted a thorough search in PubMed, Embase and performed manual search of reference list to collect and extract data.DiscussionThe assembly of tetraspanins covers an area of approximately 100–400 nm. Tetraspanins are involved in various biological processes such as membrane fusion, aggregation, proliferation, adhesion, cell migration and differentiation. They can also regulate integrins, cell surface receptors and signalling molecules. Tetraspanins form direct bonds with proteins and other members of the tetraspanin family, forming a hierarchical network of interactions and are thought to be involved in cell and membrane compartmentalisation. Tetraspanins have been implicated in cancer progression and have been shown to have multiple binding partners and to promote cancer progression and metastasis. Clinical studies have documented a correlation between the level of tetraspanin expression and the prediction of cancer progression, including breast and lung cancer.ConclusionsTetraspanins are understudied in almost all cell types and their functions are not clearly defined. Fortunately, it has been possible to identify the basic mechanisms underlying the biological role of these proteins. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe the roles of tetraspanins 6, 7 and 8.
Vertebral artery injury following combination Jefferson fracture of C1 and Type II odontoid fracture: A case report
Authors: Meng Yichen , Zhang Chenglin , Song Tengfei , Gao Rui , Zhou Xuhui 
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical MessageTraumatic posterior atlantoaxial dislocation combined with Jefferson fracture and odontoid process fracture with vertebral artery injury is rare. The management of such injury raises controversial issues and is still open to debate. A 74‐year‐old Chinese male presented with sustained neck pain and stiffness after falling from height. The patient was neurologically intact. Preoperative radiographs demonstrated a Jefferson burst fracture with a posterior dislocation of the atlantoaxial joints and odontoid process Anderson and D'alonzo type II fracture. A computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed an occluded left vertebral artery. Coil embolization in the proximal portion of the occluded vertebral artery was performed to prevent further cerebral infarction due to distal embolization of the thrombus. Then a second stage occipito‐cervical fusion was performed to reconstruct cervical spine stability. A systematic screening of blunt trauma vertebral artery injuries through CTA is required when dealing with upper cervical fracture. For cases with vertebral artery occlusion secondary to cervical spine injury, endovascular treatment preceding cervical spine surgery is a feasible and a safe treatment.
Crowdfunding technology projects: The impact of textual characterization on project success
Authors: Yosipof Abraham , Song Yang , Drori Netanel , Gradovitch Noa , Braune Eric 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe technology sector is one of the most popular sectors for entrepreneurship. This paper investigates the success factors of fundraising in the technology sector. We argue that text elements of the project's description have a significant effect of the project success. We used text mining to extract and analyze 17,733 crowdfunding projects over an 11‐year period between 2009 and 2019 from the Kickstarter platform. We identified 28 textual elements and examined whether they affect project success as measured by three different operationalizations. Most of the textual elements were found to have a significant effect on the project's success. The findings provide valuable insights and highlight substantial opportunities for crowdfunding in the context of technology.
NH4Y(SO4)2·H2O and NH4YSO4F2: Two New Ammonium‐Rare Earth Metal Sulfates with Enhanced Optical Anisotropy and Deep Ultraviolet Transmission
Authors: Zhang Luyong , Wang Shibin , Wu Zhencheng , Hou Xueling , Yang Zhihua , Zhang Fangfang , Pan Shilie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTetrahedral oxygenated groups with large highest occupied molecular orbital‐lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (H gaps such as [SO4] are beneficial for deep ultraviolet (DUV) transmission but usually make against generating sufficient birefringence due to the small polarizability anisotropy. Thus, it is extremely difficult to obtain DUV transmission and large birefringence simultaneously in the search for DUV birefringent materials in sulfates. Herein, two new ammonium‐rare earth metal sulfates, NH4Y(SO4)2·H2O and NH4YSO4F2, with DUV transmission are presented. Meanwhile, both exhibit greatly elevated birefringence through the involvement of NH4+ units, compared to Y2(SO4)3·8H2O. Their optical properties are further investigated by theoretical calculations, and the effect of the introduction of NH4+ into yttrium sulfate on optimizing the structures and properties is discussed. This work may provide a new perspective for further exploration of DUV birefringent materials in tetrahedral oxygenated group sulfates.
Recent Progress in Aqueous Zinc‐ion Batteries at High Zinc Utilization
Authors: Han Yu , Yan Zichao , Zhang Lei , Zhu Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems due to their low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. As the critical component, Zn metal with high theoretical capacity (5855 mAh cm−3), low redox potential (−0.76 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), and low cost has been widely applied in AZIBs. However, the low Zn utilization rate (ZUR) of Zn metal anode caused by the dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation require excess Zn installation in current AZIBs, thus leading to increased unnecessary battery weight and decreased energy density. Herein, approaches to the historical progress toward high ZUR AZIBs through the perspective of electrolyte optimization, anode protection, and substrate construction are comprehensively summarized, and an in‐depth understanding of ZUR is highlighted. Specifically, the main challenges and failure mechanisms of Zn anode are analyzed. Then, the persisting issues and promising solutions in the reaction interface, aqueous electrolyte, and Zn anode are emphasized. Finally, the design of 100 % ZUR AZIBs free of Zn metal is presented in detail. This review aims to provide a better understanding and fundamental guidelines on the high ZUR AZIBs design, which can shed light on research directions for realizing high energy density AZIBs.
Green Synthesis of Alzheimer′s Disease Probes Aftobetin and Analogues Enabled by Flow Technology and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
Authors: Li Yongjiu , Liu Xin , Liu Qiong , Wang Yuchen , Liu Chenguang , Chen Fener 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAftobetin is a non‐invasive diagnosis of Alzheimer′s disease, that can bind with aggregated β‐amyloid peptide in eye′s lenses, used for early diagnosis of Alzheimer′s disease in a rapid and painless mode. The reported synthesis of this probe fell short in the aspects of greenness and economy due to the involvement of toxic Chromium(IV) oxidant, noble palladium catalyst, elevated reaction temperature, the long reaction time as well as the cumbersome workup. Herein, a holistic optimization of the synthetic process was achieved via the employment of flow technology and heterogenous photocatalysis. Firstly, the integration of heterogenous carbon nitrides photocatalysis and circulation flow technology furnished the air oxidation of alcohol and nickel catalyzed C−N coupling at 20 g scale, thus avoiding the use of toxic Chromium and precious palladium species respectively. Flow‐intensified esterification between acyl chloride and alcohol, just taking 30 seconds replaced the Steglich esterification of 6 hours, also avoiding the generation of difficult‐to‐remove dicyclohexylurea. Finally, C−N coupling, esterification and Knoevenagel condensation were telescoped together, thus simplifying the reaction workup. This fully‐flow protocol led to the on‐demand synthesis of eight probes.
A low profile high gain concave conformal ring cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna loaded with split ring resonator for ISM and C band applications
Authors: Mishra Manshree , Rajput Anil , Tiwari Garima , Gupta Pramod Kumar , Mukherjee Biswajeet 
Published: July 2024

SummaryA low profile, concave conformal ring cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) employing frequency selective surface (FSS) using split ring resonator (SRR) for wideband and high gain applications is presented. The ring CDRA loaded with the monopole is designed to excite the TM01δ mode to increase the antenna's bandwidth. The effect of a curved ground plane (GP) on the radiation performance of CDRA is studied. A 5 × 5 array of the SRR is placed above the conformal GP at a far‐field distance optimized to (2n ± 1) λ/4 from the radiating element to enhance the gain of the proposed structure. The planar CDRA with FSS is compared with the conformal CDRA with FSS and a 4.3 GHz improvement in bandwidth is observed due to the multiple reflection and surface reflection leading to a 3.2 dBi improvement in gain. An impedance bandwidth of 51.8% (5 to 8.5 GHz) with a maximum gain of 8.7 dBi at 7.3 GHz resonant frequency and 99% radiation efficiency at 5.9 GHz is offered by the proposed antenna with FSS. Additionally, the proposed CDRA has a low profile of 0.12 λ0 where λ0 is the lower cut‐off frequency's wavelength. A good agreement is observed between the simulated and measured results.
Snow drifts as a driver of alpine plant productivity as observed from weekly multispectral drone imagery
Authors: Wigmore Oliver , Molotch Noah P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPatterns of alpine plant productivity are extremely variable in space and time. Complex topography drives variations in temperature, wind, and solar radiation. Surface and subsurface flow paths route water between landscape patches. Redistribution of snow creates scour zones and deep drifts, which drives variation in water availability and growing season length. Hence, the distribution of snow likely plays a central role in patterns of alpine plant productivity. Given that these processes operate at sub‐1 m to sub‐10 m spatial scales and are dynamic across daily to weekly time scales, historical studies using manual survey techniques have not afforded a comprehensive assessment of the influence of snow distribution on plant productivity. To address this knowledge gap, we used weekly estimates of normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), snow extent, and peak snow depth, acquired from drone surveys at 25 cm resolution. We derived six snowpack‐related and topographic variables that may influence vegetation productivity and analysed these with respect to the timing and magnitude of peak productivity. Peak NDVI and peak NDVI timing were most highly correlated with maximum snow depth, and snow‐off‐date. We observed up to a ~30% reduction in peak NDVI for areas with deeper and later snow cover, and a ~11‐day delay in the timing of peak NDVI in association with later snow‐off‐date. Our findings leverage a novel approach to quantify the importance of snow distribution in driving alpine vegetation productivity and provide a space for time proxy of potential changes in a warmer, lower snow future.
Identification and structural characterization of a mutant KRAS‐G12V specific TCR restricted by HLA‐A3
Authors: Sim Malcolm J. W. , Hanada Ken‐ichi , Stotz Zachary , Yu Zhiya , Lu Jinghua , Brennan Paul , Quastel Max , Gillespie Geraldine M. , Long Eric O. , Yang James C. , Sun Peter D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMutations in KRAS are some of the most common across multiple cancer types and are thus attractive targets for therapy. Recent studies demonstrated that mutant KRAS generates immunogenic neoantigens that are targetable by adoptive T‐cell therapy in metastatic diseases. To expand mutant KRAS‐specific immunotherapies, it is critical to identify additional HLA‐I allotypes that can present KRAS neoantigens and their cognate T‐cell receptors (TCR). Here, we identified a murine TCR specific to a KRAS‐G12V neoantigen (7VVVGAVGVGK16) using a vaccination approach with transgenic mice expressing HLA‐A*03:01 (HLA‐A3). This TCR demonstrated exquisite specificity for mutant G12V and not WT KRAS peptides. To investigate the molecular basis for neoantigen recognition by this TCR, we determined its structure in complex with HLA‐A3(G12V). G12V‐TCR CDR3β and CDR1β formed a hydrophobic pocket to interact with p6 Val of the G12V but not the WT KRAS peptide. To improve the tumor sensitivity of this TCR, we designed rational substitutions to improve TCR:HLA‐A3 contacts. Two substitutions exhibited modest improvements in TCR binding avidity to HLA‐A3 (G12V) but did not sufficiently improve T‐cell sensitivity for further clinical development. Our study provides mechanistic insight into how TCRs detect neoantigens and reveals the challenges in targeting KRAS‐G12V mutations.
Spectroscopic and chemometric analysis and oil stability index characterization of thermo‐oxidized edible vegetable oils
Authors: Bazachi Adilson , Astrath Nelson G. C. , Savi Elton L. , Malacarne Luis C. , Baesso Mauro L. , Torquato Alex S. , Rodrigues Angela C. , Lukasievicz Gustavo V. B. , Herculano Leandro S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEdible vegetable oils are sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, necessary for a balanced diet capable of providing elements that act on the energetic, structural, and hormonal composition of humans. The growing consumption of these foods has encouraged the search for techniques capable of characterizing their compositions and transformations when subjected to industrial processes or during domestic use. We propose to analyze the transformations undergone by edible vegetable oils originating from different plants due to thermal oxidation. For this, dynamic viscosity, oxidative stability index, fatty acid profile, and infrared spectra determined before and after being subjected to thermal oxidation. The results from infrared spectroscopy were improved through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Among other results, it was possible to establish correlations between the FTIR spectra, dynamic viscosity, and the profile of fatty acids, allowing the prediction of the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) after thermal oxidation by measuring the spectrum of samples before the thermal oxidation process. Furthermore, it is observed that the dynamic viscosity is strongly altered by thermal oxidation, which is directly related to the decrease in PUFA content. The results obtained can be used to predict quality factors of edible vegetable oils, helping to choose the right type of oil for each industrial or domestic process.Practical Applications: This research holds significant practical implications, particularly in detecting adulteration and fraud of edible vegetable oils. The developed method uses physicochemical properties and infrared spectroscopy with principal component analysis to characterize oils and to determine the oil stability index.