bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping with Household Water Scarcity in the Savannah Today: Implications for Health and Climate Change into the Future
Authors: Pearson Amber L. , Mayer Jonathan D. , Bradley David J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Even as millions live without reliable access to water, very little is known about how households cope with scarcity. The aims of this research were to 1) understand aspects of water scarcity in three rural villages in southwestern Uganda, 2) examine differences by demographics and type of source, 3) assess relationships between different factors related to water access, and 4) explore coping strategies used. Health implications and lessons learned that relate to future climate change are discussed.
Demographic data, water accessibility, and coping strategies used were recorded using a survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and Spearman’s rank correlations were calculated between self-reported level of access, walking minutes to source, ranked ownership of source, and source accessibility during the last two weeks of April (16–30 April). Changes in water source type across seasons and demographic and access measures by coping strategies were examined.
Over half of the households relied on seasonal water sources. Of those accessing “permanent” sources, ~30% experienced inaccessibility within the last two weeks of April. Self-reported better access to water was correlated with minutes spent walking to source and to some degree with the source being more public or shared. Those without access to public sources tended to migrate as the primary coping strategy. Water sharing and reciprocity appears crucial between wealthy and poor households; however, those from outside ethnic groups appear to be partially excluded. Middle income households followed by the poorest had the largest reliance on purchasing water to cope. These findings underscore how access to water resources, particularly in times of insecurity, involves social networks.
Compensation between Resolved and Unresolved Wave Drag in the Stratospheric Final Warmings of the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Scheffler Guillermo , Pulido Manuel 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The role of planetary wave drag and gravity wave drag in the breakdown of the stratospheric polar vortex and its associated final warming in the Southern Hemisphere is examined using reanalyses from MERRA and a middle-atmosphere dynamical model. The focus of this work is on identifying the causes of the delay in the final breakdown of the stratospheric polar vortex found in current general circulation models. Sensitivity experiments were conducted by changing the launched momentum flux in the gravity wave drag parameterization. Increasing the launched momentum flux produces a delay of the final warming date with respect to the control integration of more than 2 weeks. The sensitivity experiments show significant interactions between planetary waves and unresolved gravity waves. The increase of gravity wave drag in the model is compensated by a strong decrease of Eliassen–Palm flux divergence (i.e., planetary wave drag). This concomitant decrease of planetary wave drag is at least partially responsible for the delay of the final warming in the model. Experiments that change the resolved planetary wave activity entering the stratosphere through artificially changing the bottom boundary flux of the model also show an interaction mechanism. Gravity wave drag responds via critical-level filtering to planetary wave drag perturbations by partially compensating them. Therefore, there is a feedback cycle that leads to a partial compensation between gravity wave and planetary wave drag.
Civil servants’ perspectives on the role of citizens in public service delivery in Uganda
Authors: Wenene Mary Theopista , Steen Trui , Rutgers Mark R. 
Published: July 2015

In this article we study civil servants’ perceptions about the role of citizens in the provision of public services in Uganda. In other words, we examine the views of those who deliver civil services regarding the actual and desired influence of service recipients. An empirical study was conducted focusing on the health and education sectors in Uganda. It is concluded that due to a number of tensions regarding the role of the citizen in Uganda, civil servants feel that service recipients are not yet adequately engaged in the demand for and delivery of quality public services. More effective public service delivery in Uganda cannot be achieved without the development of a culture that supports the building of capacity at all levels, including the community and individual service recipients. Points for practitioners There are a number of contradictions in terms of the role of the citizen in Uganda that result in the inadequate engagement of service recipients in the demand for and delivery of quality public services. Aside from empowering service users to apply pressure for better services from the bottom up, it is also crucial to present public service providers with incentives to take up their responsibilities toward the public.
The Effect of Glossectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Murphey Alexander W. , Kandl Jessica A. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Weber Aimee C. , Gillespie M. Boyd 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveDetermine the effect of glossectomy as part of multilevel sleep surgery on sleep‐related outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Data SourcesPubMED, Scopus.Review MethodsTwo independent researchers conducted the review using PubMed‐NCBI and Scopus literature databases. Studies on glossectomy for obstructive sleep apnea that reported pre‐ and postoperative apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) score with 10 or more patients were included.ResultsA total of 18 articles with 522 patients treated with 3 glossectomy techniques (midline glossectomy, lingualplasty, and submucosal minimally invasive lingual excision) met inclusion criteria. Pooled analyses (baseline vs post surgery) showed a significant improvement in AHI (48.1 ± 22.01 to 19.05 ± 15.46, P <. 0001), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS; 11.41 ± 4.38 to 5.66 ± 3.29, P <. 0001), snoring visual analog scale (VAS; 9.08 ± 1.21 to 3.14 ± 2.41, P <. 0001), and Lowest O2 saturation (76.67 ± 10.58 to 84.09 ± 7.90, P <. 0001). Surgical success rate was 59.6% (95% CI, 53.0%‐65.9%) and surgical cure was achieved in 22.5% (95% CI, 11.26%‐36.26%) of cases. Acute complications occurred in 16.4% (79/481) of reported patients. Glossectomy was used as a standalone therapy in 24 patients. In this limited cohort, significant reductions in AHI (41.84 ± 32.05 to 25.02 ± 20.43, P =. 0354) and ESS (12.35 ± 5.05 to 6.99 ± 3.84, P <. 0001) were likewise observed.ConclusionGlossectomy significantly improves sleep outcomes as part of multilevel surgery in adult patients with OSA. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to analyze the role of glossectomy as a standalone procedure for the treatment of sleep apnea, although the evidence suggests positive outcomes in select patients.
Recurrence patterns after endovenous laser treatment of saphenous vein reflux
Authors: Winokur Ronald S , Khilnani Neil M , Min Robert J 
Published: July 2015

Introduction The patterns of recurrent varicose veins after endovascular ablation of the saphenous veins are not well described. Methods The current study describes the ultrasound defined recurrence patterns seen in 58 patients (79 limbs) who returned for evaluation of recurrent varicose veins from a cohort of 802 patients treated with endovenous laser ablation and subsequent sclerotherapy from March 2000 to March 2007 with clinical follow-up until May 2014. Findings The most common ultrasound defined recurrence patterns leading to the varicose veins were new reflux in the anterior accessory saphenous and small saphenous veins as well as recanalization of the treated saphenous segment. Neovascularization at the saphenofemoral junction and incompetent perforating veins as the source of the recurrent veins were not seen. Conclusions The patterns of recurrence following thermal ablation of saphenous veins are different to those seen after surgery. Specifically, new reflux in other saphenous veins is responsible for most recurrent varicose veins and neovascularity seems to be unusual following endovenous laser ablation.
Effects of viscosity on power and hand injection of iso-osmolar iodinated contrast media through thin catheters
Authors: Zhang James J , Hogstrom Barry , Malinak Jiri , Ikei Nobuhiro 
Published: July 2015

Background It can be challenging to achieve adequate vessel opacification during percutaneous coronary interventions when using thin catheters, hand injection, and iso-osmolar contrast media (CM) such as iodixanol (Visipaque™). Purpose To explore these limitations and the possibility to overcome them with iosimenol, a novel CM. Material and Methods Three X-ray contrast media with different concentrations were used in this study. A series of in vitro experiments established the relationship between injection pressure and flow rate in angiography catheters under various conditions. The experiments were conducted with power and hand injections and included a double-blind evaluation of user perception. Results By using hand injection, it was generally not possible to reach a maximum injection pressure exceeding 50 psi. The time within which volunteers were able to complete the injections, the area under the pressure-time curve (AUC), and assessment of ease of injection all were in favor of iosimenol compared with iodixanol, especially when using the 4F thin catheter. Within the pressure ranges tested, the power injections demonstrated that the amount of iodine delivered at a fixed pressure was strongly related to viscosity but unrelated to iodine concentration. Conclusion There are substantial limitations to the amount of iodine that can be delivered through thin catheters by hand injection when iso-osmolar CM with high viscosity is used. The only viable solution, besides increasing the injection pressure, is to use a CM with lower viscosity, since the cost of increasing the concentration, in terms of increased viscosity and consequent reduction in flow, is too high. Iosimenol, an iso-osmolar CM with lower viscosity than iodixanol might therefore be a better alternative when thinner catheters are preferred, especially when the radial artery is used as the access site.
Assessment of implant position after total knee arthroplasty by dual-energy computed tomography
Authors: Ferrara Ferdinando , Cipriani Antonio , Rapisarda Santi , Iacobucci Marta , Magarelli Nicola , Leone Antonello , Bonomo Lorenzo 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundCorrect alignment of prosthetic components is the most important factor for the success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) may be a reliable method in determining implant position after TKA.PurposeTo evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of DECT in determining implant position after TKA.Material and MethodsInstitutional review board approval was obtained. Forty-five patients (age 75.2 ± 6.4 years) prospectively underwent TKA at our institution between May and December 2012. DECT was performed 1 year after surgery, using an alignment similar to a standing position and generating images at an extrapolated energy of 120 kVp, in order to reduce metal artifacts. Implant position was evaluated by two independent readers. Intra- and inter-observer agreements were calculated. DECT measurements on implant position were compared with the preoperative planning based on radiographs. Additional clinical and DECT findings were taken into account.ResultsMetal artifact reduction was judged satisfactory in all cases. Regarding implant position assessed with DECT, good to excellent intra-observer (k: 0.74–0.87 and k: 0.75–0.88, respectively), and inter-observer agreement (k: 0.72–0.82) were found. In the comparison with preoperative planning, the widest limits of agreement were within 3.9° for the sagittal orientation of tibial component. A single patient with postoperative knee pain and stiffness had periprosthetic osteopenia, quadriceps femoris tendon calcifications, articular effusion, and excessive intrarotation of the femoral component.ConclusionDECT is an accurate and reproducible tool for determining implant position after TKA.
Comparison of CT and MR angiography in evaluation of peripheral arterial disease before endovascular intervention
Authors: Cina Alessandro , Di Stasi Carmine , Semeraro Vittorio , Marano Riccardo , Savino Giancarlo , Iezzi Roberto , Bonomo Lorenzo 
Published: July 2015

Background Multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) are accurate techniques for selecting patients with peripheral arterial disease for surgical and endovascular treatment. No studies in the literature have directly compared MDCTA and MRA to establish which one should be employed, in patients suitable for both techniques, before endovascular treatment. Purpose To compare diagnostic performance of MDCTA vs MRA before endovascular intervention. Material and Methods We prospectively compared MDCTA (64 slices scanner) and MRA (1.5 T scanner; 3D gadolinium-enhanced bolus-chase acquisition plus time resolved acquisition on calves) to stratify 35 patients according to the TASC II score and a runoff severity score. We also evaluated the accuracy of both techniques in each arterial segment. Selective angiography performed during the treatment was the standard of reference. Results MDCTA and MRA accurately classify disease in the aorto-iliac (accuracy 0.92 for MDCTA and MRA) and femoro-popliteal (MDCTA 0.94, MRA 0.90) segments. MDCTA was more accurate in stratifying disease in the infrapopliteal segments (0.96 vs. 0.9) and in assessing the impairment of runoff arteries (0.92 vs. 0.85) at per-segment analysis. MDCTA showed a higher confidence and a shorter examination time. Conclusion Our results suggest that MDCTA can be considered as a first-line investigation in patients being candidates for endovascular procedures when clinical history or duplex sonographic evaluation are indicative of severe impairment of the infrapopliteal segment.
The Influence of Quadriceps Strength Asymmetry on Patient-Reported Function at Time of Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Zwolski Christin , Schmitt Laura C. , Quatman-Yates Catherine , Thomas Staci , Hewett Timothy E. , Paterno Mark V. 
Published: July 2015

Background: An objective assessment of quadriceps strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is an important clinical measure to determine readiness to return to sport (RTS). Not all clinicians are equipped with the means to objectively quantify quadriceps strength limb symmetry indices (Q-LSIs) via lower extremity isokinetic dynamometers, as recommended by previous studies. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 Subjective Knee Form (IKDC) score at time of RTS was a predictor of quadriceps strength in a young, athletic population after ACLR. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) Individuals with higher self-reports of function would demonstrate better quadriceps strength of the involved limb than individuals with lower self-reports of function at the time of RTS, and (2) individuals with higher self-reports of function would have normal quadriceps strength limb symmetry. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: At time of RTS, 139 subjects who had undergone ACLR completed the IKDC. In addition, an isometric quadriceps strength test (Biodex dynamometer) was performed on both lower extremities. Peak torques were calculated, as was the Q-LSI, determined by the formula ( involved limb peak torque/ uninvolved limb peak torque) × 100%. Participants were dichotomized based on IKDC scores: high IKDC (IKDC ≥90) and low IKDC (IKDC <90). Two-way analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of limb (involved vs uninvolved) and group (high vs low IKDC) on isometric quadriceps strength. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were then performed to determine whether IKDC scores could predict Q-LSI. Results: At time of RTS, a significant correlation between IKDC scores and (1) peak isometric torque ( r = 0.282, P < .001) and (2) Q-LSI ( r = 0.357, P < .001) was observed. Individuals with IKDC scores ≥90 were 3 times (OR = 3.4; 95% CI, 1.71-6.93) more likely to demonstrate higher Q-LSI (≥90%). An IKDC score ≥94.8 predicted Q-LSI ≥90% with high sensitivity (0.813) and moderate specificity (0.493). Conclusion: Participants with higher IKDC scores demonstrated an increased likelihood of presenting with greater involved limb quadriceps strength and better Q-LSI. Based on the results of this study, a patient-reported outcome measure, such as the IKDC, may be able to serve as a valuable screening tool for the identification of quadriceps strength deficits in this population; however, it should not be considered an accurate surrogate for isokinetic dynamometry. Furthermore, a score of ≥94.8 on the IKDC is likely to indicate that a patient’s quadriceps strength is at an acceptable RTS level.
Dynamic prediction models for clustered and interval-censored outcomes: Investigating the intra-couple correlation in the risk of dementia
Authors: Rondeau Virginie , Mauguen Audrey , Laurent Alexandre , Berr Claudine , Helmer Catherine 
Published: July 2015

The use of settings such as cohorts or clinical trials with interval-censored data and clustered event times are increasingly popular designs. First, the observed outcomes cannot be considered as independent and random effects survival models were introduced. Second, the failure time is not known exactly but it is only known to have occurred within a certain interval. We propose here an extension of shared frailty models to handle simultaneously the interval censoring, the clustering and also left truncation due to delayed entry in the cohort. A simulation study to evaluate the proposed method was conducted. The estimated results are used to obtain dynamic predictions for clustered patients, with interval-censored failure times and with a given history. We apply our method to the Three-City study, a prospective cohort with periodic follow-up in order to study prognostic factors of dementia. In this application scheme, couples are natural clusters and an intra-couple correlation might be present with a possible increased risk for dementia for subjects whose partner already developed incident dementia. No significant intra-couple correlation for the risk of dementia was observed before and after adjustments for covariates. We also present individual predictions of dementia underlining the usefulness of dynamic prognostic tools that can take into account the clustering. The consideration of frailty models for interval-censoring data and left-truncated data permits useful analysis of very complex clustered data. It could help to improve estimation of the impact of proposed prognostic features in a study with clustering. We proposed here a tractable model and a dynamic prediction tool that can easily be implemented using the R package Frailtypack.
Sexual harassment in an east African agribusiness supply chain
Authors: Jacobs Susie , Brahic Bénédicte , Olaiya Marta Medusa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article discusses sexual harassment in the east African cut-flower and horticultural industry, based on research on 62 farms in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. It argues that sexual harassment is fostered both by coercive labour conditions within global value chains and by existing hierarchical gender relations. The research finds that harassment is widespread, that many lack a vocabulary to describe or discuss this, and that female casual and temporary workers are most likely to be targeted. Action research coupled with organisation of workers, however, has been effective in giving ‘voice’ to those suffering harassment: this is a first step in a feminist labour mobilisation and policy formulation. Procedures against sexual harassment are beginning to be formulated: a key concern is implementation. Addressing sexual harassment is central in ensuring the security of working people, particularly the most marginalised.
Job-sharing among teachers: Positive, negative (and unintended) consequences
Authors: Williamson Sue , Cooper Rae , Baird Marian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe pros and cons of part-time work have attracted considerable attention in recent years, not least because of its presumed potential to enable employees to reconcile paid work and family needs. This article focuses on job-sharing, which is a unique yet underexplored form of part-time work and one which has rarely been analysed in terms of the consequences for all stakeholders. This case study of job-sharing details its positive outcomes for some employees, in assisting them to balance career and family. The study also highlights some previously unexplored and, we argue, unintended negative consequences of job-sharing. In this case, job-sharing contributed to the increased use of temporary employees who were locked out of many of the benefits of quality flexible work. Furthermore, the case study reveals competing interests between permanent and temporary employees, creating a range of challenges for human resource practitioners in managing and developing both groups.
Is it equivalent? Evaluation of the clinical activity of single agent Lipodox® compared to single agent Doxil® in ovarian cancer treatment
Authors: Smith Judith A , Costales Anthony B , Jaffari Mona , Urbauer Diana L , Frumovitz Michael , Kutac Christine K , Tran Huyentran , Coleman Robert L 
Published: July 2015

Background In response to the critical shortage of liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®) in the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved temporary importation of doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome (Lipodox®). The objective was to compare toxicity and clinical activity of Lipodox® with Doxil®. Methods Recurrent ovarian cancer patients who received Lipodox® were compared 3:1 to matched control Doxil® patients who had received Doxil®. Patients were matched based on age, stage, dose, platinum sensitivity, and prior treatments from an existing de-identified database. Patients receiving combination regimens were excluded. Results The data from 40 Lipodox® patients was compared to 120 matched control Doxil® patients. In this study, 17 (42.5%) of the Lipodox® patients were switched to Doxil®. The overall response rate Lipodox® was 4.3% (1/23) compared to 18% (20/111) in matched control Doxil® patients. In the platinum-sensitive patients, 100% progressed in the Lipodox® group compared to 78.4% in matched control Doxil® patients. The mean time to progression was 4.1 ± 2.8 months for Lipodox® and 6.2 ± 7.2 months in control Doxil®s ( p = 0·25). Toxicity was similar in the Lipodox® group and control Doxil® group. Conclusion Lipodox® for treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer did not appear to have equivalent efficacy compared to Doxil®. A prospective clinical study is warranted before Lipodox® can be deemed equivalent substitution for Doxil®.