bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the reliability of DNA sequences ofOphiocordyceps sinensisin public databases
Authors: Zhang Shu , Zhang Yong-Jie , Liu Xing-Zhong , Zhang Hong , Liu Dian-Sheng 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSome DNA sequences in the International Nucleotide Sequence Databases (INSD) are erroneously annotated, which has lead to misleading conclusions in publications. Ophiocordyceps sinensis (syn. Cordyceps sinensis) is a fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, and more than 100 populations covering almost its distribution area have been examined by us over recent years. In this study, using the data from authentic materials, we have evaluated the reliability of nucleotide sequences annotated as O. sinensis in the INSD. As of October 15, 2012, the INSD contained 874 records annotated as O. sinensis, including 555 records representing nuclear ribosomal DNA (63.5 %), 197 representing protein-coding genes (22.5 %), 92 representing random markers with unknown functions (10.5 %), and 30 representing microsatellite loci (3.5 %). Our analysis indicated that 39 of the 397 internal transcribed spacer entries, 27 of the 105 small subunit entries, and five of the 53 large subunit entries were incorrectly annotated as belonging to O. sinensis. For protein-coding sequences, all records of serine protease genes, the mating-type gene MAT1-2-1, the DNA lyase gene, the two largest subunits of RNA polymerase II, and elongation factor-1α gene were correct, while 14 of the 73 β-tubulin entries were indeterminate. Genetic diversity analyses using those sequences correctly identified as O. sinensis revealed significant genetic differentiation in the fungus although the extent of genetic differentiation varied with the gene. The relationship between O. sinensis and some other related fungal taxa is also discussed.
Physicochemical Properties of Sb, Sn, Zn, and Sb–Sn System
Authors: Gancarz Tomasz , Gąsior Władysław , Henein Hani 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe physicochemical properties, viscosity, density, and surface tension, were measured using the discharge crucible method (DC) on five alloys of Sb–Sn. The performance of the DC method was demonstrated with measurements on pure metals Sb, Sn, Zn, and comparisons with the corresponding literature data. The results reported in this study are for Sb–Sn alloys containing (10, 20, 25, 50, and 75) at% of Sb at 550 K to 850 K. The results show that all the physicochemical properties decrease with decreasing temperature and increase with increasing Sb content in the alloy. The experimentally measured surface-tension values are compared with the Butler model. Several models for viscosity are compared and discussed.
Ultrasonic Initiation of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Triglycerides (Saponification) Without Phase Catalysis
Authors: Mercantili Laura , Davis Frank , Higson Séamus P. J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA study into the ultrasonic initiated alkaline hydrolysis of triglycerides (also known as the saponification reaction) is described. Sunflower oil is used as a source of triglycerides. The reaction is driven by the ultrasound from either an ultrasonic water bath (35 kHz–85 W) or a probe (40 kHz–50 W) in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH). It will be shown that ultrasound is effective as a power source to initiate and drive the reaction, that a high reaction yield is achievable in only 15 min of total power application while working at ambient temperature, and that no detectable by‐products are generated during the reaction. Comparison of the two methods shows the ultrasonic probe to be the superior technique. Our method demonstrates reasonable yields can be obtained without the need for excess alkali or phase transfer catalysis. Curing the soap for several weeks allowed the saponification reaction to proceed to completion. Suggestions for a practical application have also been given.
Gegenwart und Zukunft der Integrierten Versorgung in der Schweiz
Authors: Berchtold Peter 
Published: February 2013

Einleitung
Die Integrierte Versorgung nimmt in der Schweiz trotz Ablehnung eines entsprechenden Gesetzesartikels im Juni 2012 einen zunehmend wichtigen Platz ein. Fast 20 Prozent der Schweizer Versicherten sind heute einem der 73 Ärztenetze angeschlossen. Das bedeutet gegenüber 2008 mehr als eine Verdoppelung. Mit Blick auf die immer häufiger auftretenden chronischen Krankheiten und die wachsende Komplexität medizinischer Behandlungen stehen zukünftig vor allem vertikale, d.h. sektorenübergreifende Integrationsansätze im Fokus des Interesses. Diese versprechen bessere Qualität und mehr Effizienz der Versorgung.
Inflectional patterns as constructions
Authors: Beuls Katrien 
Published: February 2013

Although often a painful and prolonged process, conjugating verbs correctly is essential when you try to master a foreign language. Verbs that exhibit an irregular conjugation paradigm, however, are often the verbs that occur most frequently in a language. The nature of inflectional morphemes and the mechanism for conjugating verbs have been the topic of debate for 25 years now. This has led to many different accounts of the problem, both in the field of descriptive linguistics as well as in a range of modeling approaches. The field of Construction Grammar has recently witnessed the theoretical work on Construction Morphology by Geert Booij (2010), but there has been no computational implementation that could test the theory on a large scale.
Using the framework of Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG), I investigate the grammar and morphological constructions that are needed to automatically conjugate the full paradigms of the 600 most frequently used verbs in Spanish. This paper reports a fully operational rule-based implementation of such a grammar and goes into the details of the constructions that support it. The results also show that morphological constructions are exemplary constructions since they combine two (or more) units (a stem and a suffix(es)) into a single meaningful unit (a conjugated verb form) that can be picked up by other discourse elements. Extensions towards embedding the conjugation constructions into a bigger grammar or automatically learning new morphological constructions remain the focus of future work.
Heart rate recovery after the 6 min walk test rather than distance ambulated is a powerful prognostic indicator in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction: a comparison with cardiopulmonary exercise testing
Authors: Cahalin Lawrence P. , Arena Ross , Labate Valentina , Bandera Francesco , Lavie Carl J. , Guazzi Marco 
Published: February 2013

AimsHeart rate recovery (HRR) appears to be a robust prognostic marker in heart failure (HF). When using the 6 min walk test (6MWT) in HF, distance ambulated is generally the reference prognostic variable. We hypothesized that HRR after the 6MWT would be a better prognostic measure than distance ambulated.Methods and resultsA 6MWT and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) were randomly performed in 258 HF patients [216 HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) and 42 HF preserved EF (HFpEF)], after which HRR was measured. HRR was defined as the difference between heart rate at peak exercise and 1 min following test termination. Patients were assessed for major cardiac events during a mean follow‐up period of 22.8 ± 22.1 months. There were 50 major cardiac events during the tracking period. Univariate Cox regression analysis results identified HRR after both the 6MWT and CPX as a significant (P < 0.001) predictor of adverse events. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that dichotomized HRR after the 6MWT and CPX was the strongest predictor of survival (χ2 61.1 and 53.8, respectively; P < 0.001), with LVEF (residual χ2 6.1, P < 0.05) adding significant prognostic value to the 6MWT model and ventilatory efficiency (the VE/VCO2 slope) (residual χ2 6.6, P < 0 .05) adding significant prognostic value to the CPX model.ConclusionsHRR after the 6MWT is a powerful prognosticator that performs similarly to HRR after maximal exercise. If confirmed in subsequent studies, 6MWT HRR should replace 6MWT distance as the reference criterion 6MWT measure to consider when grading cardiovascular risk in HF patients.
Patient adherence to evidence‐based pharmacotherapy in systolic heart failure and the transition of follow‐up from specialized heart failure outpatient clinics to primary care
Authors: Gjesing Anne , Schou Morten , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Gustafsson Finn , Hildebrandt Per , Videbæk Lars , Wiggers Henrik , Demant Malene , Charlot Mette , Gislason Gunnar H. 
Published: February 2013

AimsUndertreatment with evidence‐based pharmacotherapy for heart failure (HF) is an important problem, and it has been suggested that specialized HF clinics (HFCs) can improve treatment initiation and correct dosing. The objective of this study was to examine long‐term adherence to and dosages of evidence‐based pharmacotherapy during and after participation in specialized HFCs.Methods and resultsInitiation, dosages, and adherence were studied in patients with systolic HF attending HFCs in Denmark from 2002 to 2009. Information was obtained from an electronic patient file and research database used in the HFCs combined with prescription data from the Danish Registry of Medicinal Product Statistics. A total of 8792 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 68 years; with a mean LVEF of 30%, and 72% were males. Long‐term adherence to treatment was high for the patients who initiated renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors and beta‐blockers. Adherence after 1 year was 93% for RAS inhibitors, 92% for beta‐blockers, and 86% for spironolactone. After 3 years, it was 90% for RAS inhibitors, 88% for beta‐blockers, and 74% for spironolactone. For patients referred back to their general practitioner (GP), adherence 1 year after they left the HFC was 89% for RAS inhibitors, 89% for beta‐blockers, and 72% for spironolactone.ConclusionIn specialized outpatient HFCs, long‐term adherence to RAS inhibitors and beta‐blockers is close to optimal. Importantly, adherence was maintained after patients were referred back to their GP for continued management. This is likely to provide long‐term benefits for the patients.
IL-6 amplifier activation in epithelial regions of bronchi after allogeneic lung transplantation
Authors: Lee Jihye , Nakagiri Tomoyuki , Kamimura Daisuke , Harada Masaya , Oto Takahiro , Susaki Yoshiyuki , Shintani Yasushi , Inoue Masayoshi , Miyoshi Shinichiro , Morii Eiichi , Hirano Toshio , Murakami Masaaki , Okumura Meinoshin 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The IL-6 amplifier, a positive feedback loop for NFκB signaling, which was originally found to be activated by IL-17A and IL-6 stimulation in non-immune cells, is molecularly a simultaneous activator of NFκB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), functionally a local chemokine inducer and pathologically a machinery for inflammation development. It has been shown that IL-6 amplifier activation in epithelial cells contributes to rejection responses in a mouse chronic rejection model that develops a bronchiolitis obliterans (BO)-like disease. We investigated whether the IL-6 amplifier is activated in BO regions of a human lung graft after allogeneic transplantation. NFκB and STAT3 molecules were phosphorylated in the epithelial regions of bronchi that localized in the BO regions. Additionally, chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and CD4+ T cells and macrophages increased in these regions. Furthermore, human lung epithelial cells expressed CCL2 after stimulation by IFNγ in the presence of IL-6 and epidermal growth factor via enhanced STAT3 signaling, which parallels behavior seen in the mouse model. Thus, our results suggest that the IL-6 amplifier in the epithelial cells of grafts is involved in chronic rejection after lung transplantation, suggesting that the amplifier may be a valuable therapeutic target to prevent chronic rejection after lung transplantation.
Osmotic Stress Responses and Plant Growth Controlled by Potassium Transporters inArabidopsis
Authors: Osakabe Yuriko , Arinaga Naoko , Umezawa Taishi , Katsura Shogo , Nagamachi Keita , Tanaka Hidenori , Ohiraki Haruka , Yamada Kohji , Seo So-Uk , Abo Mitsuru , Yoshimura Etsuro , Shinozaki Kazuo , Yamaguchi-Shinozaki Kazuko 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOsmotic adjustment plays a fundamental role in water stress responses and growth in plants; however, the molecular mechanisms governing this process are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that the KUP potassium transporter family plays important roles in this process, under the control of abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin. We generated Arabidopsis thaliana multiple mutants for K+ uptake transporter 6 (KUP6), KUP8, KUP2/SHORT HYPOCOTYL3, and an ABA-responsive potassium efflux channel, guard cell outward rectifying K+ channel (GORK). The triple mutants, kup268 and kup68 gork, exhibited enhanced cell expansion, suggesting that these KUPs negatively regulate turgor-dependent growth. Potassium uptake experiments using 86radioactive rubidium ion (86Rb+) in the mutants indicated that these KUPs might be involved in potassium efflux in Arabidopsis roots. The mutants showed increased auxin responses and decreased sensitivity to an auxin inhibitor (1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid) and ABA in lateral root growth. During water deficit stress, kup68 gork impaired ABA-mediated stomatal closing, and kup268 and kup68 gork decreased survival of drought stress. The protein kinase SNF1-related protein kinases 2E (SRK2E), a key component of ABA signaling, interacted with and phosphorylated KUP6, suggesting that KUP functions are regulated directly via an ABA signaling complex. We propose that the KUP6 subfamily transporters act as key factors in osmotic adjustment by balancing potassium homeostasis in cell growth and drought stress responses.
The Arabidopsis nox Mutant Lacking Carotene Hydroxylase Activity Reveals a Critical Role for Xanthophylls in Photosystem I Biogenesis
Authors: Dall’Osto Luca , Piques Maria , Ronzani Michela , Molesini Barbara , Alboresi Alessandro , Cazzaniga Stefano , Bassi Roberto 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Carotenes, and their oxygenated derivatives xanthophylls, are essential components of the photosynthetic apparatus. They contribute to the assembly of photosynthetic complexes and participate in light absorption and chloroplast photoprotection. Here, we studied the role of xanthophylls, as distinct from that of carotenes, by characterizing a no xanthophylls (nox) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which was obtained by combining mutations targeting the four carotenoid hydroxylase genes. nox plants retained α- and β-carotenes but were devoid in xanthophylls. The phenotype included depletion of light-harvesting complex (LHC) subunits and impairment of nonphotochemical quenching, two effects consistent with the location of xanthophylls in photosystem II antenna, but also a decreased efficiency of photosynthetic electron transfer, photosensitivity, and lethality in soil. Biochemical analysis revealed that the nox mutant was specifically depleted in photosystem I function due to a severe deficiency in PsaA/B subunits. While the stationary level of psaA/B transcripts showed no major differences between genotypes, the stability of newly synthesized PsaA/B proteins was decreased and translation of psaA/B mRNA was impaired in nox with respect to wild-type plants. We conclude that xanthophylls, besides their role in photoprotection and LHC assembly, are also needed for photosystem I core translation and stability, thus making these compounds indispensable for autotrophic growth.
SimAdapt: an individual‐based genetic model for simulating landscape management impacts on populations
Authors: Rebaudo François , Le Rouzic Arnaud , Dupas Stéphane , Silvain Jean‐François , Harry Myriam , Dangles Olivier 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Simulation models are essential tools in landscape genetics to study how genetic processes are affected by landscape heterogeneity. However, there is still a need to develop different simulation approaches in landscape genetics, so that users may dispose of additional programs to explore further the impact of land‐use and land‐cover changes on population genetics.

We developed a spatially explicit, individual‐based, forward‐time, landscape‐genetic simulation model combined with a landscape cellular automaton to represent evolutionary processes of adaptation and population dynamics in changing landscapes, using the NetLogo environment.

This simulation model represents a unique tool for scientists and scholars looking for a practical and pedagogical framework to explore both empirical and theoretical situations.
Preoperative staging of endometrial cancer using TVS, MRI, and hysteroscopy
Authors: Ørtoft Gitte , Dueholm Margit , Mathiesen Ole , Hansen Estrid S. , Lundorf Erik , Møller Charlotte , Marinovskij Edvard , Petersen Lone K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of different preoperative modalities for staging of endometrial cancer to restrict extensive surgery to patients at high risk of metastatic disease.SettingAarhus University Hospital.Population156 women referred in 2006–2011 because of atypical endometrial hyperplasia (G0) or endometrial cancer.MethodsPatients were offered preoperative transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hysteroscopic‐directed biopsies from the uterine tumor and cervix. Final pathology of the removed uterus was the reference standard. Patients were divided into low risk (<50% myometrial invasion, and grades 0, 1, 2, and no cervical invasion) or high risk (all others).Main outcome measuresAccuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive value.ResultsPatients were aged 32–88 years, with a mean body mass index of 29. At final pathology 81% had cancer and 19% G0 or no residual tumor; 54% were high risk. Hysteroscopy‐directed biopsies had a higher accuracy (92%) than endometrial biopsy (58%) for differentiating G0 from cancer (p < 0.001); grade 3 tumor identification had similar accuracy (93 vs. 92%). Deep myometrial invasion was estimated with higher accuracy by MRI (82%) than TVS (74%) (p < 0.02). For cervical involvement, hysteroscopy‐directed biopsies had higher accuracy (94%) than MRI (84%,) and TVS (80%) (p < 0.02). Accuracy for identifying high‐risk women was highest (83%) using a combination of MRI and hysteroscopic‐directed biopsies, compared with TVS and endometrial biopsy (72%) (p < 0.05).ConclusionPreoperative staging with MRI and hysteroscopy‐directed biopsy can identify eight of 10 women with high risk of lymph node metastases and spare eight of 10 low‐risk women extended surgery.
Pneumococcemia in children – a retrospective study before universal pneumococcal vaccinations
Authors: Karppa Henna , Vuento Risto , Toropainen Maija , Kaijalainen Tarja , Siira Lotta , Korppi Matti 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the incidence and characteristics of blood culture‐positive occult pneumococcemia compared with blood culture‐positive pneumococcal pneumonia in children.MethodsIn years 2001–2010, 105 children with positive blood cultures for Streptococcus pneumoniae were identified from hospital electronic files. The patient cards were retrospectively charted for clinical and laboratory data, and 38 patients had and 67 had not pneumonia.ResultsThe annual incidence of pneumococcemia was, on average, 29.0/10 000 at 0–12 months, 5.3/10 000 at 13–24 months and 1.9/10 000 at 2–4 years of ages, with no increasing or decreasing trend. The incidence of bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia increased (p = 0.022) during the study period. The duration of fever before hospitalization (<24 h 73.9% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.022) and the duration of intravenous antibiotics, usually G‐penicillin (median 72 vs. 96 h, p = 0.021) was shorter in pneumococcemia patients. On admission, blood leucocyte count was higher in pneumococcemia (mean 26.6 vs. 21.9 × 10E9/L, p = 0.012), but serum CRP was higher in pneumonia (median 160 vs. 67.4 mg/L, p < 0.001). The serotypes 6B and 14 caused 53.2% of pneumococcemia cases.ConclusionThe incidence of pneumococcemia was highest in 1–2‐year‐old children, and typical for pneumococcemia was rapid onset of fever, high blood leucocyte count and a modestly elevated CRP on admission.
Relations between denudation, glaciation, and sediment deposition: implications from the Plio‐Pleistocene Central Alps
Authors: Reiter Wolfgang , Elfert Simon , Glotzbach Christoph , Bernet Matthias , Spiegel Cornelia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDespite abundant data on the early evolution of the Central Alps, the latest stage exhumation history, potentially related to relief formation, is still poorly constrained. We aim for a better understanding of the relation between glaciation, erosion and sediment deposition. Addressing both topics, we analysed late Pliocene to recent deposits from the Upper Rhine Graben and two modern river sands by apatite fission‐track and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He thermochronology. From the observed age patterns we extracted the sediment provenance and paleo‐erosion history of the Alpine‐derived detritus. Due to their pollen and fossil record, the Rhine Graben deposits also provide information on climatic evolution, so that the erosion history can be related to glacial evolution during the Plio‐Pleistocene. Our data show that Rhine Graben deposits were derived from Variscan basement, Hegau volcanics, Swiss Molasse Basin, and the Central Alps. The relations between glaciation, Alpine erosion, and thermochronological age signals in sedimentary rocks are more complex than assumed. The first Alpine glaciation during the early Pleistocene did not disturb the long‐term exhumational equilibrium of the Alps. Recent findings indicate that main Alpine glaciation occurred at ca. 1 Ma. If true, then main Alpine glaciation was coeval with an apparent decrease of hinterland erosion rates, contrary to the expected trend. We suggest that glaciers effectively sealed the landscape, thus reducing the surface exposed to erosion and shifting the area of main erosion north toward the Molasse basin, causing sediment recycling. At around 0.4 Ma, erosion rates increased again, which seems to be a delayed response to main glaciation. The present‐day erosion regime seems to be dominated by mass‐wasting processes. Generally, glacial erosion rates did not exceed the pre‐glacial long‐term erosion rates of the Central Alps.
No bridge too high: Infants decide whether to cross based on the probability of falling not the severity of the potential fall
Authors: Kretch Kari S. , Adolph Karen E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDo infants, like adults, consider both the probability of falling and the severity of a potential fall when deciding whether to cross a bridge? Crawling and walking infants were encouraged to cross bridges varying in width over a small drop‐off, a large drop‐off, or no drop‐off. Bridge width affects the probability of falling, whereas drop‐off height affects the severity of the potential fall. For both crawlers and walkers, decisions about crossing bridges depended only on the probability of falling: As bridge width decreased, attempts to cross decreased, and gait modifications and exploration increased, but behaviors did not differ between small and large drop‐off conditions. Similarly, decisions about descent depended on the probability of falling: Infants backed or crawled into the small drop‐off, but avoided the large drop‐off. With no drop‐off, infants ran straight across. Results indicate that experienced crawlers and walkers accurately perceive affordances for locomotion, but they do not yet consider the severity of a potential fall when making decisions for action.