bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Changes of the Temirnik River in Rostov-on-Don
Authors: AL-Ghizzi Murooj Abbas Buhlool , Al-Janabi Zahraa Zahraw 
Published: August 2024

General Background: The increasing anthropogenic impact on river ecosystems has raised concerns about water quality and its effects on surrounding communities. Specific Background: This study focuses on the Temirnik River, located in the northern part of the city, particularly assessing pollution levels in the beaches of "Druzhba" and "Surp Khash." Historical data from 2000-2001 and recent analyses from 2017-2019 reveal significant fluctuations in chemical and biological toxicity. Knowledge Gap: While previous studies have documented pollution levels, a comprehensive comparison of historical and recent data to understand long-term changes and community impacts remains insufficiently explored. Aims: This study aims to track changes in pollution levels over time, evaluate the chemical and biological toxicity, and assess the anthropogenic impacts on the Temirnik River. Results: Chemical analysis revealed increased hardness of water due to the accumulation of calcium and magnesium sulfates and chlorides. The river, heavily impacted by untreated industrial and municipal waste, showed high toxicity levels, especially in the years 2017-2019. Bioassays using Chlorella vulgaris, Raphanus sativus, and Daphnia magna confirmed these findings. Novelty: This study provides a detailed comparative analysis of historical and contemporary pollution data, highlighting the persistent and worsening impact of anthropogenic activities on the Temirnik River. Implications: The findings underscore the critical need for ongoing monitoring and intervention to mitigate pollution. They advocate for implementing effective cleaning operations and regulatory measures to protect water quality and community health.
Highlights:

Increased water hardness from industrial and municipal waste.
Persistent high toxicity levels impacting ecosystems.
Urgent need for continuous monitoring and pollution control.

Keywords: Temirnik River, chemical pollution, biological toxicity, historical data, anthropogenic impact
Escalating Antibiotic Resistance in Uremia Patients Demands Urgent Global Action
Authors: Hameed Ahmad Shandookh 
Published: August 2024

Background: Uremia, a frequent complication of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), compromises immunity, increasing patients' susceptibility to bacterial infections. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug resistance (XDR) further exacerbate infection management challenges, particularly in regions with limited resources. Knowledge Gap: While bacterial resistance is well-documented globally, the prevalence and specific resistance patterns in uremia patients in Nasiriyah City remain underexplored. Aims: This study aimed to establish the prevalence and resistance profiles of MDR and XDR bacterial isolates among uremia patients in Nasiriyah City, with a focus on treatment implications and infection control strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital from February 2023 to January 2024. One hundred samples from uremia patients were cultured and tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. Results: The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (40%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%). High resistance rates were observed for Ampicillin (95%), Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (80%), and Ceftriaxone (75%), while resistance to Imipenem and Meropenem was lowest at 5% and 10%, respectively. Significant resistance patterns were noted across all tested antibiotics (P<0.05). Novelty: This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of MDR and XDR bacterial prevalence in uremia patients in Nasiriyah City, highlighting the critical need for targeted antibiotic stewardship. Implications: The findings underscore the urgency of implementing stringent infection control measures and developing alternative therapeutic strategies to combat the rising threat of antibiotic resistance in this vulnerable population. The efficacy of carbapenems, though still relatively preserved, necessitates cautious use to prevent further resistance development.
Highlights:

High resistance to common antibiotics in E. coli and K. pneumoniae.
Carbapenems remain effective, with low resistance rates.
Urgent need for antibiotic stewardship and alternative treatments.

Keywords: Uremia, Multi-drug resistance, Antibiotic susceptibility, Nasiriyah City, Infection control
Cladophora spp. Extracts Show Remarkable Antibacterial Potential Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hussain Hussain Adnan , Mezal Ezat H. , Alashoor Ahmed. S. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Bacterial resistance, influenced by genetic processes and adaptive strategies, necessitates the discovery of novel antibacterial agents, especially from natural sources. Specific Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a notorious pathogen in urinary tract infections (UTIs), demonstrates considerable resistance to conventional therapies, necessitating alternative therapeutic approaches. Knowledge Gap: Research indicates that while natural sources like Cladophora spp. offer antibacterial agents, their effectiveness in combating P. aeruginosa resistant strains remains underexplored. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial potential of Cladophora spp. algae extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from UTIs, utilizing solvent extraction, MIC determination, disc diffusion assays, and GC-MS analysis to identify bioactive compounds. Results: All extracts, including those prepared with water, ethanol, and hexane, demonstrated inhibitory effects on P. aeruginosa. The hexane extract exhibited the most significant activity, with a mean zone of inhibition of 13.0 ± 0.7 mm at a concentration of 50%. GC-MS analysis identified several bioactive compounds potentially responsible for these effects. Novelty: This study is among the first to investigate Cladophora spp. as a source of antibacterial agents specifically targeting P. aeruginosa, providing new insights into the potential of algae-based therapeutics. Implications: Cladophora spp. holds promise as a source of novel antibacterial compounds, with potential for multidrug-resistant infections treatments. Further research is needed for clinical application.
Highlights:

Hexane Extract: Most effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Novel Source: Cladophora spp. shows potential as antibacterial agent.
GC-MS Findings: Identified key bioactive compounds.

Keywords: Cladophora spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibacterial agents, natural extracts, GC-MS analysis
Identification Methods of Helicobacter Pylori Bacteria
Authors: Al-Mozan Hanaa Daaj Khalaf , Aziz Hussam Saadi 
Published: August 2024

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a well-known carcinogenic pathogen associated with gastrointestinal diseases, often infecting individuals during childhood and persisting asymptomatically for years. Specific Background: The failure to diagnose H. pylori early can result in severe health consequences, making timely and accurate diagnosis critical to preventing its spread. Knowledge Gap: Diagnostic methods' effectiveness depends on patient age, economic status, and operator skill, with some tests being expensive and influenced by protocol adherence. Aims: The study evaluates the efficacy of various diagnostic methods for H. pylori, focusing on the accuracy, reliability, and practicality of invasive and non-invasive techniques. Results: Invasive methods like histology, endoscopy, culture, rapid urease test, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provide direct detection of the bacterium, while non-invasive methods such as the urea breath test, stool antigen assay, and serology offer indirect detection without requiring endoscopy. PCR, when conducted with appropriate primers and gene targets, remains the most accurate diagnostic tool. Novelty: The study emphasizes the superior diagnostic value of PCR due to its precision, despite challenges related to operator skill and procedural compliance. Implications: The study emphasizes the significance of selecting suitable diagnostic methods based on patient-specific factors and the need for skilled execution for accurate results in managing and treating H. pylori infections.
Highlights:

PCR Accuracy: Most reliable H. pylori test with correct primers and targets.
Operator Skill: Diagnosis depends on skilled execution and procedural adherence.
Test Selection: Choose based on patient age, economic status, and method availability.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, diagnosis, gastrointestinal diseases, PCR, invasive tests
Elevated Cadmium Drives Calcium Deficiency in Renal Failure Patients
Authors: Mohammed Mostafa Salim 
Published: August 2024

Background: Renal failure (RF) is a significant health issue with various etiological factors, including environmental toxins. Specific Background: Cadmium (Cd), a known toxic heavy metal, has been implicated in renal damage, while calcium (Ca) levels may also be affected. Knowledge Gap: The relationship between Cadmium and Calcium levels in RF patients, despite the well-established link between heavy metals and renal impairment, remains underexplored. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate changes in blood serum Cd and Ca levels in RF patients and investigate their correlation. Methods: The study, conducted in Iraq from July 2023 to February 2024, involved 150 participants, including 100 RF patients and 50 healthy controls, and used Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for analysis. Results: The mean Cd level was significantly higher in RF patients (2.30 µg/L) compared to controls (1.44 µg/L, P < 0.05). Conversely, the mean Ca level in RF patients was significantly lower (36.06 mg/dL) compared to controls (51.85 mg/dL, P < 0.05). A significant negative correlation between Cd and Ca levels was found (P ≤ 0.001). Novelty: This study provides novel insights into the detrimental impact of elevated Cd levels on Ca status in RF patients. Implications: The study underscores the necessity of controlling Cd exposure and Ca levels in renal function (RF) management to mitigate its environmental impact on renal health.
Highlights:

Higher Cd Levels: Increased cadmium in RF patients.
Lower Ca Levels: Decreased calcium in RF patients.
Negative Correlation: Cadmium inversely affects calcium levels.

Keywords: Cadmium, Calcium, Renal Failure, Heavy Metals, Blood Serum
Honey Enhances Antibiotic Effectiveness Against Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Fejer Lamyaa Gh. , Hameed Ghaidaa S. , Ali Mayssam Hussein Mohammed , Al-Hammood Orooba 
Published: August 2024

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent across all ages and genders and pose significant treatment challenges, often requiring alternative therapeutic approaches due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Specific Background: The study examines the impact of antibiotics and honey on bacterial UTIs, revealing 17 cases, primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Knowledge Gap: The study evaluates the effectiveness of honey in combining antibiotics with anise and spring flower honey, focusing on its potential to enhance antimicrobial effects in UTIs. Results: Biochemical analysis and VITEK diagnostics revealed significant bacterial growth. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed varied effectiveness, with spring flower honey enhancing the activity of nitrofurantoin (35%), trimethoprim (17.6%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (23.5%), tetracycline, and norfloxacin (35.2%). Anise honey also demonstrated notable synergistic effects, particularly with norfloxacin (47%) and tetracycline (41%). Novelty: This study highlights the potential of combining honey with antibiotics to combat UTIs, offering new insights into alternative treatment strategies and demonstrating significant synergy with specific antibiotics. Implications: The findings suggest that incorporating honey into UTI treatments could improve therapeutic outcomes and help mitigate the growing issue of antibiotic resistance. Further research is needed to identify active compounds in honey and optimize their use with antibiotics.
Highlights:

Enhanced Efficacy: Honey boosts antibiotic effectiveness against UTIs.
Resistance Solution: Combines honey to counteract antibiotic resistance.
Honey Variability: Different honeys show varied synergistic effects.

Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection, Antibiotics, Honey, Synergistic Effect, Antibiotic Resistance
Effect the Nanoparticles of Fe2O3 and CuO to Increasing the Activity of Sulfadiazine Against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Saleem Ali Jaffar 
Published: August 2024

General Background: Antibiotic resistance is a critical global health issue, and innovative approaches are needed to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Specific Background: Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance antibiotic efficacy and reduce resistance. Knowledge Gap: However, there is limited understanding of how metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) like Fe2O3 and CuO can be utilized to improve the performance of antibiotics such as sulfadiazine. Aims: This study aimed to synthesize Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles, conjugate them with sulfadiazine, and evaluate their antibacterial efficacy against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: The nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical precipitation, with Fe2O3 and CuO having mean crystal sizes of 41.40 nm and 44.83 nm, respectively. When bound to sulfadiazine, the crystal sizes were 42.62 nm (Fe2O3) and 38.77 nm (CuO). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for sulfadiazine-bound CuO and Fe2O3 NPs ranged from 16-32 μg/ml, significantly lower than the 64-128 μg/ml observed for standard sulfadiazine. Hemolysis assays confirmed the biocompatibility of these nanocomposites at tested concentrations. Novelty: The study reveals that Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles significantly enhance sulfadiazine's antibacterial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa, suggesting a potential method to bypass traditional resistance mechanisms. Implications: The study suggests that nanoparticle-conjugated antibiotics could be a promising solution for combating antibiotic resistance, potentially reducing its negative impact on public health.
Highlights:

Nanoparticles reduce sulfadiazine's MIC against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles enhance antibiotic efficacy.
Hemolysis assays confirm nanocomposites' safety and biocompatibility.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, Antibiotic Resistance, Fe2O3 Nanoparticles, CuO Nanoparticles, MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Analisis Perbandingan Volume Perdagangan Saham, Abnormal Return dan Frekuensi Saham Perusahaan Sektor Energi Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Sebelum dan Sesudah Pelarangan Ekspor Batubara untuk Ketahanan Energi Dalam Negeri 2022
Authors: Habibillah R Apriyanto , Nugroho Prasetyo 
Published: August 2024

This study aims to find out and compare the trading volume activity, abnormal return and frequency of trading shares of energy companies before and after the announcement of the ban on export coal for Domestic Market Obligation in Indonesia.The population in this study are companies that are included in the Energy Sector listed at IDX. The samples in this study used purposive sampling, where only 17 companies met the criteria. In this study, the data used is 14 days before and after the announcement of the ban on export coal for Domestic Market Obligation in Indonesia. The hypothesis test used is Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The result showed that: 1) there is a significant differences in the trading volume and frequency trading share of sample companies before and after the ban on export for Domestic Market Obligation, 2) there is no significant difference in the abnormal return of sample companies before and after the ban on export for Domestic Market Obligation.
Kewajiban Penanaman Pohon Sebagai Syarat Penerbitan Rekomendasi Pengantar Nikah dalam Peraturan Bupati Magetan Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Gerakan Wajib Menanam Pohon
Authors: Safudin Endrik , Khasanah Uswatul 
Published: August 2024

Peraturan Bupati Magetan Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Kewajiban Menanam pohon memiliki maksud yang mulia yaitu mendorong peran masyarakat dalam pengelollan dan kelestarian hidup. Kewajiban penanaman pohon tersebut salah satunya dibebankan kepada calon pengantin baik pria maupun wanita. apabila tidak melaksanakan kewajiban tersebut maka tidak diterbitkan rekomendasi pengantar nikah (NA) atau bentuk lainnya dari kepala desa/lurah. Kewajiban penanaman pohon bagi calon pengantin tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai suatu bentuk penambahan persyaratan pernikahan yang tidak pernah diatur oleh peraturan yang lebih tinggi yang mengatur tentang persyaratan dan rukun pernikahan. Oleh karena itu menarik untuk dianalisis tentang keteraturan norma terhadap Peraturan Bupati Magetan Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Kewajiban Menanam Pohon dengan peraturan yang lebih tinggi. dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normative dan pendekatan perundang-undangan (legal approach), penelitian ini fokus pada keteraturan norma sebagai wujud adanya tertib substansi pada suatu peraturan perundang-undangan. hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Peraturan Bupati Magetan Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Kewajiban Menanam Pohon khususnya bagi calon pengantin telah mengandung ketidaktertiban substansi dengan peraturan yang lebih tinggi yang mengatur tentang pernikahan. sehingga, peraturan bupati tersebut akan sulit dioperasionalkan dimasyarakat terlepas dari tujuan mulia dilahirnnya peraturan tersebut.
Comparing the effect of calcium citrate supplement with normal calcium diet on metabolic risk factors in recurrent calcium stone formers with idiopathic hyperoxaluria: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Taheri Maryam , Tavasoli Sanaz , Jalali Saba , Borumandnia Nasrin , Basiri A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Calcium supplementation is only recommended to treat enteric hyperoxaluria, and its effect on idiopathic hyperoxaluria has not been thoroughly assessed. In this study, we compare the effect of calcium citrate supplementation with adequate dietary calcium intake on 24-hour urine (24-U) oxalate, calcium, and calcium oxalate supersaturation index (Ca Ox SS).
Subjects:
In a parallel-group controlled randomized clinical trial, 72 recurrent calcium stone formers with idiopathic hyperoxaluria were recruited from a tertiary stone prevention clinic in 2019–2020. 24-hour urine analyses and filling the 24-hour food recall were done at baseline and after eight weeks of intervention. Finally, 44 patients completed the study protocol. The participants were randomly assigned to receive adequate calcium through diet or taking 800 mg calcium citrate (in two divided doses with lunch and dinner) with a limited intake of dairy products. The study’s outcome was the change of 24-U Ox, Ca, and CaOx SS index after intervention.
Results
Findings showed that both interventions significantly reduced 24-U Ox (B Time effect: -10.06, 95% CI: -13.70, -6.42; p < 0.001) and CaOx SS index (B Time effect: -2.54, 95% CI: -4.06, -1.02; p = 0.001). After adjusting the effect of potential confounders through a Random-effects ML regression, the reduction of 24-U Ox remained significant. There was no significant increase in 24-U Ca in both intervention groups (p = 0.269).
Conclusions
Calcium citrate supplementation effectively reduces 24-U Ox levels comparably to adequate dietary calcium intake, without significantly raising 24-U Ca levels, offering a viable management option for calcium stone formers with idiopathic hyperoxaluria.
Comparison and standardization of traditional siddha medicine pavala parpam
Authors: L Keerthana - , V Sharulatha - , P Pavithra - 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Bronchial asthma is the condition in which persons airways become inflamed, swell and narrow and produce extra mucus and it makes breathing difficult. There are number of allopathic and ayurvedic drugs available to treat bronchial asthma, but those drugs cause severe side effects to the patients. Hence majority of the people prefer Siddha drug to treat bronchial asthma due to less side effects. Siddha medicine is an ancient system of medicine that aims at spiritual and physical perfection. According to Siddha pharmaceutical principles, when pavalam (red coral) is combined with herbal juices and purified it obtains high range of medicinal value. Pavala parpam is a traditional herbo-mineral formulation. In present study two samples of pavala parpam, one containing Ziziphus mauritiana herbal juice and other containing Heliotropium indicum herbal juice were purchased. And the standardization of this drug samples was done based on organoleptic, physico-chemical, phytochemical analysis and morphological analysis. When comparing both drugs, the result showed only slight changes in organoleptic and physicochemical analysis and major changes showed in phytochemical analysis. The FE-SEM and XRD results showed that the drug have better absorption capacity due to presence of micro particles in both the samples.
Population genetic structure of cotton pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from India
Authors: nagamandla ramyasri , Pushpavalli SN , T Uma Maheswari 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background Pink boll worm, Pectinophora gossypiella became serious pest on BG II cotton hybrids globally causing huge economic losses in cotton even during later stages of crop growth. Understanding the genetic background and diversity of insect pests can aid in understanding their evolution in changing environments, hence aiding in effecting their management in an agricultural ecosystem.
Results In the present investigation, the population genetic structure, distribution, and genetic diversity of P.gossypiella in cotton growing zones of India using partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase-I (COI) gene was addressed. Results revealed a total of 9 haplotypes (17.64%) identified from 51 individual sequences distributed in 16 populations belonging to different cotton growing zones of India. Diversity analysis of COI sequences revealed low genetic diversity (0.000 to 0.01066), high haplotype diversity (0.800), low nucleotide diversity (0.002), negative Tajima D (-0.670) values and high gene flow.
Conclusion This data on population genetics indicate populations of pink bollworm are genetically similar and in Median Joining network Hap5 occupied central position and connected by low frequency haplotypes which are formed due to one or two point mutations indicating recent population expansion from limited number of founders due to post-Pleistocene warming and with the domestication range of hosts. Neutrality tests also support low frequency polymorphisms in the population consistent with the recent population expansion after bottleneck or selection sweep.