bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrative Review of Knowing the Patient
Authors: Zolnierek Cynthia Diamond 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this article is to characterize the concept knowing the patient as reflected in the contemporary nursing literature and to consider implications for nursing practice.Organizing ConstructA literature review was conducted to identify primary source publications concerned with knowing the patient within the nursing discipline.MethodsCumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were queried using the phrase knowing the patient to identify relevant peer‐reviewed literature from 1996 through 2013.FindingsThe review produced 21 publications; knowing the patient was the topic of inquiry in only 5 of these. Knowing the patient emerged as a finding in 16 investigations and was described as affecting nurses’ ability to provide safe care, develop positive relationships, and engage in expert practice. Patterns identified across studies were illustrated in a model representing the process of knowing the patient, including factors of the nurse's internal environment, information practices to develop knowledge and create meaning, and the nurse's response. The process of knowing the patient occurs within the context of relationship with the patient and in an environment that is temporal in nature.ConclusionsWhile knowing the patient continues to be a prominent concept in the nursing literature, practice environments may not provide the conditions necessary to support the process, particularly temporal factors of time availability, sustained contact, continuity, and consistency.Clinical RelevanceFindings inform the development of professional practice models that support knowing the patient.
Differences in the knowledge and compliance with secondary prevention of stroke between transient ischaemic attack patients with and without subsequent stroke
Authors: Zhao Jingjing , Zhou Muke , Guo Jian , Zhang Jingjing , Yang Yaqiong , Yu Fan , He Li 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the differences in the knowledge and compliance with secondary prevention of stroke between transient ischaemic attack patients with and without subsequent stroke.BackgroundNo previous study has demonstrated whether there are differences in the knowledge and compliance with secondary prevention of stroke between transient ischaemic attack patients with and without subsequent stroke. If there are differences, the health education regarding the stroke knowledge should be conducted separately and differently for the two groups.Methods and designWe consecutively recruited 355 transient ischaemic attack patients with/without subsequent stroke from our hospital from 1 December 2008–31 December 2011. There were 304 patients receiving health education both upon hospital discharge and 90 days after discharge. Through telephone interviews, six months after discharge, only 180 patients completed the survey to determine in detail their general knowledge and compliance with secondary prevention of stroke.ResultsThe transient ischaemic attack patients with subsequent stroke exhibited a higher identification rate of speech disorder, weakness and decreased sensation or inability to feel things, compared with those without subsequent stroke (76·1 vs. 66·3%, p < 0·05; 91·5 vs. 73·5%, p < 0·05; 62·2 vs. 46·9%, p < 0·05). The compliance rates to antiplatelet agents and statins therapy were higher in transient ischaemic attack patients with subsequent stroke compared with those without subsequent stroke (80·5 vs. 65·3%, p < 0·05; 53·7 vs. 35·7%, p < 0·05).ConclusionsThe transient ischaemic attack patients with subsequent stroke exhibit a higher identification rate of most of the warning signs of stroke and a better compliance with antiplatelet agents and statins therapy of stroke compared with those without subsequent stroke. Thus, we suggest that transient ischaemic attack patients should receive additional health education to increase their awareness of the harms of stroke.Relevance to clinical practiceClinicians should be aware of conducting different health education to patients with transient ischaemic attack and stroke. Also, it is important to give health education to individualised patients based on their actual risk of stroke.
Tongue‐mandible coupling movements during saliva swallowing
Authors: Bourdiol P. , Mishellany‐Dutour A. , Peyron M.‐A. , Woda A. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to measure the tongue and mandible positions and displacements in relation to the maxilla in the midsagittal plane to characterize the different saliva swallowing patterns by recording their kinematics. A 2D electromagnetic articulograph using four transducer coils, three attached to the upper surface of the tongue midline plus one attached to the chin anterior part allowed continuous evaluation of tongue and chin movements in twelve young adults in good general health. During 170 s sequences recorded at a frequency of 100 Hz, subjects were at rest, silently reading a text they had chosen. The subjects were free to swallow during the sequence. Deglutition of accumulated saliva was analysed after averaging all values obtained during successive 250 ms periods. We identified three elementary swallowing patterns. Mean duration of tongue‐mandible movements were 1·51 ± 0·17 s, 1·63 ± 0·14 s and 2·00 ± 0·08 s for the first, second and third patterns respectively. In the light of other studies based on intra‐oral pressure recordings, our results help to understand the tongue‐mandible coupling behaviours involved in managing an in‐mouth saliva bolus during the three elementary swallowing patterns identified.
Personality Trait Changes Among Young Finns: The Role of Life Events and Transitions
Authors: Leikas Sointu , Salmela‐Aro Katariina 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecent research has shown that personality traits continue to develop throughout the life span, but most profound changes are typically found during young adulthood. Increasing evidence suggests that life events play a significant role in many of these changes. The present longitudinal study examined the role of work, education, social, and health‐related life events in the development of the Big Five traits among young Finns. Participants were originally recruited in 2004 through elementary schools in a middle‐sized Finnish city. Participants' Big Five traits and life events were measured via self‐reports at ages 20 and 23 (Ns = 597 and 588, respectively). Entering work life, beginning a relationship, and studying in university predicted increases in Conscientiousness, trying drugs predicted increases in Neuroticism, and onset of a chronic disease predicted increases in Neuroticism and Conscientiousness between ages 20 and 23. The results suggest that mature life transitions relate to stronger increases in Conscientiousness in young adulthood, and that non‐normative life choices and events may predict increases in Neuroticism.
Perceptions of Tap Water and School Water Fountains and Association With Intake of Plain Water and Sugar‐Sweetened Beverages
Authors: Onufrak Stephen J. , Park Sohyun , Sharkey Joseph R. , Merlo Caitlin , Dean Wesley R. , Sherry Bettylou 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDLittle is known regarding youth perceptions of tap water and school water fountains and how these relate to water and sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) intake.METHODSWe used national 2010 YouthStyles data to assess perceptions of tap water and school water fountains and associations with water and SSB intake.RESULTSNearly 1 in 5 participants disagreed their tap water was safe and nearly 2 in 5 disagreed school water fountains were clean and safe. Perceived tap water risk was more prevalent among non‐Hispanic (NH) Blacks (26.4%) and Hispanics (28.3%) compared with NH Whites (14.7%, p < .001) and more prevalent among lower‐income youth. Negative water fountain perceptions were more common among high school‐aged youth. Perceived tap water risk was not associated with SSB intake (odds ratio [OR] = 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6, 1.5) or water intake (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.9, 2.1). Negative water fountain perceptions were associated with SSB intake only among Hispanics (race/ethnicity interaction p < .001; OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.6) but were not associated with water intake.CONCLUSIONNegative perceptions of tap water and water fountains among youth are common and should be considered in efforts to provide water in schools.
Ontogeny of vocalization in Jamaican fruit bats with implications for the evolution of echolocation
Authors: Carter R. T. , Shaw J. B. , Adams R. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA long‐standing question in bat biology is if the evolution of echolocation and flight are associated or if they evolved independently, and if so, which evolved first. We seek to use ontogeny as a surrogate for understanding linkages between flight evolution and echolocation in bats. To do this we quantify the onset of recognizable sonar calls in newborn Artibeus jamaicensis and the tempo of growth and development across several different postnatal flight stages. By dropping individuals from a perch beginning on day 1 postpartum, we recorded vocalizations and quantified their flight ability into five developmental stages (flop, flutter, flap, flight and adult). One‐day‐old individuals were capable of emitting sonar‐like frequency‐modulated (FM) calls during free‐fall that were not significantly different from adult sonar calls in high and low frequency (kHz). However, bandwidth (kHz) did increase significantly with age as did sweep rate (kHz ms−1), whereas call duration significantly decreased. Few bats older than 18 days emitted communication calls as they fell and measured parameters of communication calls did not change significantly with age. Our data support the hypothesis that communication and sonar calls are discrete and independently derived at birth and thus have different evolutionary pathways as well.
Numerical simulation of heat conduction in a random ballistic deposited grain aggregate
Authors: Sirono Sin‐iti 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA numerical simulation of heat conduction in a grain aggregate is carried out to determine the packing fraction (the spatial fraction occupied by grains or 1‐porosity) dependence of the thermal conductivity of the aggregate. Arrangements of grains are given by random ballistic deposition. It is found that the packing fraction dependence is well approximated by an exponential function. The number of contacts between grains is the crucial quantity in the conduction, and its packing fraction dependence is exponential. Heat conduction is found to be anisotropic, where the conduction along the deposition direction is more efficient than that perpendicular to the deposition direction.
Influence of resource levels, organic compounds and laboratory colonization on interspecific competition between the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta) and the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus
Authors: ALLGOOD D. W. , YEE D. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe mosquitoes Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta) (Skuse) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) are common inhabitants of tyres and other artificial containers, which constitute important peridomestic mosquito breeding habitats. We tested the hypotheses that interspecific resource competition between the larvae of these species is asymmetrical, that the concentration of chemicals associated with decomposing detritus affects the competitive outcomes of these species, and that wild and colonized strains of Cx. quinquefasciatus are affected differently by competition with Ae. albopictus. We conducted two laboratory competition experiments wherein we measured survivorship and estimated population growth (λ′) in both species under multiple mixed‐species densities. Under varying resource levels, competition was asymmetrical: Ae. albopictus caused competitive reductions or exclusions of Cx. quinquefasciatus under conditions of limited resources. In a second experiment, which used both wild and colonized strains of Cx. quinquefasciatus, organic chemical compounds associated with decomposing detritus did not affect the competitive outcome. The colonized strain of Cx. quinquefasciatus had greater survivorship and adult mass, and faster development times than the wild strain, but both strains were similarly affected by competition with Ae. albopictus. Competition between these species may have important consequences for vector population dynamics, especially in areas in which tyres and artificial containers constitute the majority of mosquito breeding habitats.
A well‐preserved isopod from theMiddleJurassic of southernGermany and implications for the isopod fossil record
Authors: Etter Walter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new isopod species,Eonatatolana geisingensisgen. et sp. nov., is described fromMiddleJurassic shallow‐water sediments of southernGermany. It shows not only the almost completely preserved dorsal morphology but, in addition, details of the cephalic appendages, the pereiopods, pleopods and uropods. The presence of ambulatory pereiopodsI–VIIof a wide tridentate mandibular incisor with prominently developed posteriormost tooth and a narrow frontal lamina indicates that the new species belongs to the subfamilyConilerinae of familyCirolanidae within the suborderCymothoida. It is closer to the species of the modern genusNatatolanaBruce than to any fossil isopod hitherto described. The isopod fossil record as well as current practices of isopod taxonomy in palaeontology are discussed, and the facies distribution and fossilization of isopods is reviewed with examples from theJurassic.
Wilms tumor: Experience of a hospital in southern Brazil
Authors: Provenzi Valentina Oliveira , Rosa Rafael Fabiano Machado , Rosa Rosana Cardoso Manique , Roehe Adriana Vial , dos Santos Pedro Paulo Albino , Faulhaber Fabrízia Rennó Sodero , de Oliveira Ceres Andréia Vieira , Zen Paulo Ricardo Gazzola 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundWilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal malignancy of childhood. The aim of this study was to verify the epidemiological profile and prognosis of a sample of patients from Brazil and compare them to similar data from other Latin American studies.MethodThe sample consisted of consecutive patients diagnosed with WT in an oncohematology service of a referral hospital in Southern Brazil, between 1989 and 2009. Clinical, radiological, pathological and survival data were collected from the medical records. Analysis was done using Excel and SPSS version 18.0. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 45 patients. The male/female ratio was 1.25:1. Mean age at diagnosis was 43.9 months and all patients were of European descent. Thirty‐three patients (73.3%) had both signs/symptoms of abdominal mass and hypertension. Malformation was observed in nine patients (20%) and there was one case of Fanconi's anemia (2.2%). Three patients had bilateral disease (6.7%). The majority of patients had stage III and IV (62.2%). Patients with malformation had an earlier age at diagnosis (P = 0.018) and a higher prevalence of bilateral disease (P = 0.044). Overall survival was 75%. Age at diagnosis was the only significant independent predictor associated with death.ConclusionDeath is closely related to late diagnosis in WT. Oncologic services should also be concerned about morbidity caused by therapeutic options in cases of late diagnosis, and the consequences for quality of life.
Lateral Migration of Petroleum in the Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in the Fudong Slope, Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Chen Junqing , Jiang Zhenxue , Pang Hong , Pang Xiongqi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNew oil reservoirs have been discovered recently in the Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in the Fudong slope, Junggar basin in China. The process and mechanism of lateral petroleum migration in the Jurassic System in the Fudong slope was investigated based on the geological analysis of the strata, porosity and permeability of the reservoir rocks and geochemistry on oil–source correlation and oil–oil correlation. The results indicate that hydrocarbons of the Toutunhe Formation were primarily derived from the Middle–Lower Jurassic and Middle Permian source rocks of the western Fukang Depression and migrated along the axis from west to east. The thickness, sand/strata ratio, porosity and permeability of the Toutunhe 2 member are all better than that of the Toutunhe 1 member, making it the main carrier bed of the hydrocarbons lateral migration.
Anti‐D prophylaxis: past, present and future
Authors: de Haas M. , Finning K. , Massey E. , Roberts D. J. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe new British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH) guidelines for the use of anti‐D immunoglobulin in pregnancy provide a welcome clarification of the use of anti‐D in ectopic pregnancy and after red cell salvage during caesarean section, of dosing with different preparations and distinguishing non‐immune and immune anti‐D. The routine use of anti‐D prophylaxis (RAADP) to prevent Rhesus (Rh) D alloimmunisation during the third trimester is well established and requires careful and well‐audited local implementation to achieve the maximum public health benefit. In the UK, such scrutiny may be provided by the reporting of failed anti‐D prophylaxis at women who have produced an immune anti‐D that is detectable for the first time in the current pregnancy through the voluntary Serious Hazards of Transfusion reporting scheme (SHOT). Application of fetal RHD genotyping would avoid giving anti‐D to RhD negative women carrying an RhD negative fetus. RAADP is directed by fetal RHD genotyping in some countries in Northern Europe led by the Netherlands and Denmark. The economic case for RAADP directed by fetal RHD genotyping needs to be carefully evaluated and in England is under consideration by National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Possible future developments include the use of monoclonal anti‐D preparations, now in advanced clinical trials, and also testing the hypothesis that directed RAADP from early in the second trimester may further reduce anti‐D immunisation.
Gamna‐Gandy bodies: a case of mistaken identity in the spleen of a cat
Authors: Ryseff Julia K. , Duncan Colleen , Sfiligoi Gabriella , Avery Paul R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA 4‐year‐old, female spayed Domestic Shorthair cat was presented for a 2‐day history of lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. Diagnostic assessments revealed a severe, regenerative anemia and the presence of a solitary, 3 × 4 cm splenic mass. Cytologic examination of fine‐needle aspirates of the splenic mass showed sheets of pleomorphic histiocytic cells with numerous intracellular and extracellular, negatively staining to deeply basophilic, branching structures. These structures were typically of thin uniform thickness with random angled branching that formed geometrical shapes and fragments, occasionally with sharpened ends and a crystalline appearance. Septal‐like divisions were irregularly spaced along some of the linear branches. The cytology was interpreted as a probable histiocytic inflammatory response to the unidentified foreign material with histiocytic sarcoma as a differential diagnosis. Histopathologic evaluation of the splenic mass resulted in a diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma. The branching material stained positively for both iron and calcium, indicating that the material was compatible with Gamna‐Gandy bodies present secondary to tumor‐associated hemorrhage and the formation of calcium–iron complexes.
Osseous metaplasia within a canine insulinoma
Authors: Pieczarka Emily M. , Russell Duncan S. , Santangelo Kelly S. , Aeffner Famke , Burkhard Mary Jo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old male castrated mixed‐breed dog was presented for exercise intolerance, tetraparesis, and persistent hypoglycemia. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed 2 nodules within the right limb of the pancreas. Cytology from one nodule was consistent with a carcinoma of neuroendocrine origin, with a primary differential diagnosis of insulinoma. Histologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin and insulin confirmed the diagnosis of insulinoma. Additionally, there was a solitary nodule of mineralized compact bone composing approximately 60% of the mass. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of osseous metaplasia within an insulinoma (islet cell carcinoma).
Vasoactive agonists exert dynamic and coordinated effects on vascular smooth muscle cell elasticity, cytoskeletal remodelling and adhesion
Authors: Hong Zhongkui , Sun Zhe , Li Min , Li Zhaohui , Bunyak Filiz , Ersoy Ilker , Trzeciakowski Jerome P. , Staiculescu Marius Catalin , Jin Minshan , Martinez‐Lemus Luis , Hill Michael A. , Palaniappan Kannappan , Meininger Gerald A. 
Published: January 2014

Key points
This study demonstrates rapid and dynamic changes in adhesion and cell elasticity following agonist stimulation that culminate in a remodelled cytoskeleton in vascular smooth muscle.
Evidence is presented that the changes in adhesion and elasticity are coordinated and that these variables demonstrate temporal oscillation consisting of three major oscillation components.
Eigen‐decomposition spectrum analysis revealed that these components of oscillation in cell elasticity and adhesion may be linked by shared signalling pathways.
Evidence is provided that the agonists angiotensin II and adenosine produce remodelling of actin cytoskeleton that may alter the properties of the observed oscillations in elasticity and adhesion.
It is concluded that angiotensin II and adenosine may regulate extracellular matrix adhesion and elasticity in vascular smooth muscle cells as a form of adaptation to more efficiently support contractile behaviour.
AbstractIn this study, we examined the ability of vasoactive agonists to induce dynamic changes in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) elasticity and adhesion, and tested the hypothesis that these events are coordinated with rapid remodelling of the cortical cytoskeleton. Real‐time measurement of cell elasticity was performed with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and adhesion was assessed with AFM probes coated with fibronectin (FN). Temporal data were analysed using an Eigen‐decomposition method. Elasticity in VSMCs displayed temporal oscillations with three components at approximately 0.001, 0.004 and 0.07 Hz, respectively. Similarly, adhesion displayed a similar oscillatory pattern. Angiotensin II (ANG II, 10−6 m) increased (+100%) the amplitude of the oscillations, whereas the vasodilator adenosine (ADO, 10−4 m) reduced oscillation amplitude (–30%). To test whether the oscillatory changes were related to the architectural alterations in cortical cytoskeleton, the topography of the submembranous actin cytoskeleton (100–300 nm depth) was acquired with AFM. These data were analysed to compare cortical actin fibre distribution and orientation before and after treatment with vasoactive agonists. The results showed that ANG II increased the density of stress fibres by 23%, while ADO decreased the density of the stress fibres by 45%. AFM data were supported by Western blot and confocal microscopy. Collectively, these observations indicate that VSMC cytoskeletal structure and adhesion to the extracellular matrix are dynamically altered in response to agonist stimulation. Thus, vasoactive agonists probably invoke unique mechanisms that dynamically alter the behaviour and structure of both the VSMC cytoskeleton and focal adhesions to efficiently support the normal contractile behaviour of VSMCs.