bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upgrading of Grade Group 1 Prostate Cancer at Prostatectomy: Germline Risk Factors in a Prospective Cohort
Authors: Liss Michael A. , Zeltser Nicole , Zheng Yingye , Lopez Camden , Liu Menghan , Patel Yash , Yamaguchi Takafumi N. , Eng Stefan E. , Tian Mao , Semmes Oliver J. , Lin Daniel W. , Brooks James D. , Wei John T. , Klein Eric A. , Tewari Ashutosh K. , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Khani Francesca , Robinson Brian D. , Aasad Muhammad , Troyer Dean A. , Kagan Jacob , Sanda Martin G. , Thompson Ian M. , Boutros Paul C. , Leach Robin J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Localized prostate tumors show significant spatial heterogeneity, with regions of high-grade disease adjacent to lower grade disease. Consequently, prostate cancer biopsies are prone to sampling bias, potentially leading to underestimation of tumor grade. To study the clinical, epidemiologic, and molecular hallmarks of this phenomenon, we conducted a prospective study of grade upgrading: differences in detected prostate cancer grade between biopsy and surgery.

Methods:
We established a prospective, multi-institutional cohort of men with grade group 1 (GG1) prostate cancer on biopsy who underwent radical prostatectomy. Upgrading was defined as detection of GG2+ in the resected tumor. Germline DNA from 192 subjects was subjected to whole-genome sequencing to quantify ancestry, pathogenic variants in DNA damage response genes, and polygenic risk.

Results:
Of 285 men, 67% upgraded at surgery. PSA density and percent of cancer in pre-prostatectomy positive biopsy cores were significantly associated with upgrading. No assessed genetic risk factor was predictive of upgrading, including polygenic risk scores for prostate cancer diagnosis.

Conclusions:
In a cohort of patients with low-grade prostate cancer, a majority upgraded at radical prostatectomy. PSA density and percent of cancer in pre-prostatectomy positive biopsy cores portended the presence of higher-grade disease, while germline genetics was not informative in this setting. Patients with low-risk prostate cancer, but elevated PSA density or percent cancer in positive biopsy cores, may benefit from repeat biopsy, additional imaging or other approaches to complement active surveillance.

Impact:
Further risk stratification of patients with low-risk prostate cancer may provide useful context for active surveillance decision-making.
Hypertension Severity as Quantified by Hypertension Daily Dose and Blood Pressure With Risk of Stroke in REGARDS
Authors: Loo Ying K. , Wilkinson Katherine , Harkness Tyler , Howard George , Howard Virginia J. , Judd Suzanne E. , Zakai Neil A. , Muntner Paul , Min Lillian , Oparil Suzanne , Plante Timothy B. 
Published: August 2024

Background
It is unknown how blood pressure (BP) relates to stroke risk across levels of hypertension daily dose (HDD)‐quantified antihypertensive medication intensity.

Methods and Results

The REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study enrolled 30 239 participants from the 48 contiguous US states in 2003 to 2007 with in‐person follow‐up in 2013 to 2016 (Visit 2). We included those without prior stroke at Visit 2, treating this visit as T
0
. Biannual phone calls and medical record review ascertained incident stroke events. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of incident stroke by treatment intensity defined by systolic BP stages and HDD groupings. There were 344 stroke events over a median 5.5 years. Relative to systolic BP <120 mm Hg and no antihypertensive medications, the stroke HR was 2.86 (95% CI, 1.68–4.85) for systolic BP 140 to 159 mm Hg and HDD tertile 2, 2.33 (1.37–3.97) for systolic BP 140 to 159 mm Hg and HDD tertile 3, 3.08 (1.20–7.88) for systolic BP ≥160 mm Hg and HDD tertile 2, and 3.66 (1.61–8.30) for systolic BP ≥160 mm Hg and HDD tertile 3. Stroke risk was similar across HDD levels for people with systolic BP <140 mm Hg.

Conclusions
Among adults without prior stroke, systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and HDD tertile ≥2 was associated with greater stroke risk. For adults with BP <140 mm Hg, stroke risk was similar despite cumulative dose of antihypertensive medications used. These findings support the practice of BP‐lowering medications to mitigate stroke risk.
Hypertension Prevalence, Treatment, and Control 90 Days After Acute Stroke Among Mexican American and Non‐Hispanic White Adults
Authors: Springer Mellanie V. , Levine Deborah A. , Han Dehua , Lisabeth Lynda D. , Morgenstern Lewis B. , Brook Robert D. , Brown Devin L. , Zahuranec Darin B. , Meurer William J. , Case Erin , Whitney Rachael 
Published: August 2024

Background
High blood pressure (BP) increases recurrent stroke risk.

Methods and Results

We assessed hypertension prevalence, treatment, control, medication adherence, and predictors of uncontrolled BP 90 days after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke among 561 Mexican American and non‐Hispanic White (NHW) survivors of stroke from the BASIC (Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi) cohort from 2011 to 2014. Uncontrolled BP was defined as average BP ≥140/90 mm Hg at 90 days poststroke. Hypertension was uncontrolled BP or antihypertensive medication prescribed or hypertension history. Treatment was antihypertensive use. Adherence was missing zero antihypertensive doses per week. We investigated predictors of uncontrolled BP using logistic regression adjusting for patient factors. Median (interquartile range) age was 68 (59–78) years, 64% were Mexican American, and 90% of strokes were ischemic. Overall, 94.3% of survivors of stroke had hypertension (95.6% Mexican American versus 92.0% non‐Hispanic White;
P
=0.09). Of these, 87.9% were treated (87.3% Mexican American versus 89.1% non‐Hispanic White;
P
=0.54). Among the total population, 38.3% (95% CI, 34.4%–42.4%) had uncontrolled BP. Among those with uncontrolled BP prescribed an antihypertensive, 84.5% reported treatment adherence (95% CI, 78.8%–89.3%). Uncontrolled BP 90 days poststroke was less likely in patients with stroke who had a primary care physician (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.45 [95% CI, 0.24–0.83];
P
=0.01), greater stroke severity (aOR per‐1‐point‐higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.93–0.99];
P
=0.02), or more depressive symptoms (aOR per‐1‐point‐higher Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale‐8 score, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.92–0.99] among those with a history of hypertension at baseline;
P
=0.009).

Conclusions
Greater than one third of survivors of stroke have uncontrolled BP at 90 days poststroke in this population‐based study. Interventions are needed to improve BP control after stroke.
Exercise‐Induced Cardiac Troponin I Elevation Is Associated With Regional Alterations in Left Ventricular Strain in High‐Troponin Responders
Authors: Erevik Christine Bjørkvik , Kleiven Øyunn , Frøysa Vidar , Bjørkavoll‐Bergseth Magnus , Chivulescu Monica , Klæboe Lars Gunnar , Dejgaard Lars , Auestad Bjørn , Skadberg Øyvind , Melberg Tor , Urheim Stig , Haugaa Kristina , Edvardsen Thor , Ørn Stein 
Published: August 2024

Background
The implications of exercise‐induced cardiac troponin elevation in healthy individuals are unclear. This study aimed to determine if individuals with a high exercise‐induced cardiac troponin I (cTnI) response have alterations in myocardial function following high‐intensity endurance exercise compared with normal‐cTnI responders.

Methods and Results

Study individuals were recruited from previous participants in a 91‐km mountain bike cycling race (the North Sea Race) and were classified as high‐ (n=34) or normal‐cTnI responders (n=25) based on maximal cTnI values after the recruitment race. The present study exposed all participants to 2 prolonged high‐intensity exercises: a combined lactate threshold and cardiopulmonary exercise test and repeated participation in the North Sea Race. Echocardiography was performed before, immediately after, and 24 hours following exercise. All study individuals (n=59) had normal coronary arteries, and were aged 51±10 years; 46 (74%) were men. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the high‐ and normal‐cTnI responders. Maximal cTnI levels 3 hours after exercise were significantly higher in the high‐ compared with normal‐cTnI group (
P
<0.001–0.027). Following exercise, there were no differences in global ventricular function between the 2 groups. In contrast, high‐cTnI responders had significantly lower regional strain in the anteroseptal segments following exercise, with more profound changes after the race.

Conclusions
High‐cTnI responders had lower anteroseptal segmental strain shortly after exercise than normal‐cTnI responders. However, there were no permanent alterations in myocardial strain, indicating no short‐ or long‐term adverse consequences of these exercise‐induced alterations in myocardial function.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02166216.
Physical Activity Modifies the Risk of Incident Cardiac Conduction Disorders Upon Inflammation: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Zhao Haiyan , Li Man , Wu Dan , Chen Shuohua , Zhu Chenrui , Lan Yulong , Liu Hongmin , Wu Yuntao , Wu Shouling 
Published: August 2024

Background
Emerging evidence suggests a central role for inflammation in cardiac conduction disorder (CCD). It is unknown whether habitual physical activity could modulate the inflammation‐associated risks of incident CCD in the general population.

Methods and Results

This population‐based cohort was derived from the China Kailuan study, including a total of 97 192 participants without prior CCD. The end points included incident CCD and its subcategories (atrioventricular block and bundle‐branch block). Systemic inflammation was indicated by the monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR). Over a median 10.91‐year follow‐up, 3747 cases of CCD occurred, with 1062 cases of atrioventricular block and 2697 cases of bundle‐branch block. An overall linear dose‐dependent relationship was observed between MLR and each study end point (all
P
‐nonlinearity≥0.05). Both higher MLR and physical inactivity were significantly associated with higher risks of conduction block. The MLR‐associated risks of developing study end points were higher in the physically inactive individuals than in those being physically active, with significant interactions between MLR levels and physical activity for developing CCD (
P
‐interaction=0.07) and bundle‐branch block (
P
‐interaction<0.05) found. Compared with those in MLR quartile 2 and being physically active, those in the highest MLR quartile and being physically inactive had significantly higher risks for all study end points (1.42 [95% CI, 1.24–1.63], 1.62 [95% CI, 1.25–2.10], and 1.33 [95% CI, 1.13–1.56], respectively, for incident CCD, atrioventricular block, and bundle‐branch block).

Conclusions
MLR should be a biomarker for the risk assessment of incident CCD. Adherence to habitual physical activity is favorable for reducing the MLR‐associated risks of CCD.
Ultrafast Cooling With Total Liquid Ventilation Mitigates Early Inflammatory Response and Offers Neuroprotection in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Abi Zeid Daou Yara , Watanabe Naoto , Lidouren Fanny , Bois Antoine , Faucher Estelle , Huet Hélène , Hutin Alice , Jendoubi Ali , Surenaud Mathieu , Hue Sophie , Nadeau Mathieu , Perrotto Sandrine , Libardi Mickaël , Ghaleh Bijan , Micheau Philippe , Bruneval Patrick , Cariou Alain , Kohlhauer Matthias , Tissier Renaud 
Published: August 2024

Background
Brain injury is one of the most serious complications after cardiac arrest (CA). To prevent this phenomenon, rapid cooling with total liquid ventilation (TLV) has been proposed in small animal models of CA (rabbits and piglets). Here, we aimed to determine whether hypothermic TLV can also offer neuroprotection and mitigate cerebral inflammatory response in large animals.

Methods and Results
Anesthetized pigs were subjected to 14 minutes of ventricular fibrillation followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After return of spontaneous circulation, animals were randomly subjected to normothermia (control group, n=8) or ultrafast cooling with TLV (TLV group, n=8). In the latter group, TLV was initiated within a window of 15 minutes after return of spontaneous circulation and allowed to reduce tympanic, esophageal, and bladder temperature to the 32 to 34 °C range within 30 minutes. After 45 minutes of TLV, gas ventilation was resumed, and hypothermia was maintained externally until 3 hours after CA, before rewarming using heat pads (0.5 °C–1 °C/h). After an additional period of progressive rewarming for 3 hours, animals were euthanized for brain withdrawal and histological analysis. At the end of the follow‐up (ie, 6 hours after CA), histology showed reduced brain injury as witnessed by the reduced number of Fluroro‐Jade C‐positive cerebral degenerating neurons in TLV versus control. IL (interleukin)‐1ra and IL‐8 levels were also significantly reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid in TLV versus control along with cerebral infiltration by CD3+ cells. Conversely, circulating levels of cytokines were not different among groups, suggesting a discrepancy between local and systemic inflammatory levels.

Conclusions
Ultrafast cooling with TLV mitigates neuroinflammation and attenuates acute brain lesions in the early phase following resuscitation in large animals subjected to CA.
Eye-Movement Suppression in the Visual World Paradigm
Authors: Laurinavichyute Anna , Ziubanova Anastasia , Lopukhina Anastasiya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Eye movements in the visual world paradigm are known to depend not only on linguistic input but on such factors as task, pragmatic context, affordances, etc. However, the degree to which eye movements may depend on task rather than on linguistic input is unclear. The present study for the first time tests how task constraints modulate eye movement behavior in the visual world paradigm by probing whether participants could refrain from looking at the referred image. Across two experiments with and without comprehension questions (total N = 159), we found that when participants were instructed to avoid looking at the referred images, the probability of fixating these reduced from 58% to 18% while comprehension scores remained high. Although language-mediated eye movements could not be suppressed fully, the degree of possible decoupling of eye movements from language processing suggests that participants can withdraw at least some looks from the referred images when needed. If they do so to different degrees in different experimental conditions, comparisons between conditions might be compromised. We discuss some cases where participants could adopt different viewing behaviors depending on the experimental condition, and provide some tentative ways to test for such differences.
Subjective Cognitive Dysfunction in Chronic Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Cuevas Heather , Heitkemper Elizabeth , Kim Jeeyeon 
Published: August 2024

Background: Qualitative studies have examined the experiences of subjective cognitive dysfunction in specific populations or specific disease stages, but there has not yet been a systematic synthesis and evaluation of findings related to perceptions of subjective cognitive dysfunction in nondementia-related chronic illnesses. Objective: The aim of this study was 2-fold: (1) to undertake a systematic review of experiences of subjective cognitive dysfunction in people with nondementia-related chronic disease and (2) to develop an explanatory framework to describe the experiences of living with subjective cognitive dysfunction. Methods: Four databases were systematically searched for studies on subjective cognitive dysfunction up to June 2023. Qualitative synthesis was conducted on the final sample (N = 25) using Sandelowski’s adaptation of Nobilt and Hare’s reciprocal transactional analysis method. Critical appraisal was completed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Results: Through constant comparison of key concepts, findings were organized within 4 interrelated themes that informed a conceptual explanatory model of adapting to living with subjective cognitive dysfunction: (1) symptoms, (2) health care, (3) perceptions of self, and (4) relationships. Participants highlighted how subjective cognitive dysfunction affected interactions in health care settings and involved other symptoms that in turn complicated meaning, self-enhancement, and mastery. Conclusions: Our model of the process of adapting provides a new way to conceptualize cognitive dysfunction in chronic illness and suggests opportunities for health care professionals to support patients and their families. The results highlight the need for more research to better understand the role of subjective cognitive dysfunction in nondementia-related chronic illnesses. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021231410).
Nurturing Longitudinal Samples 2.0
Authors: Stuifbergen Alexa K. , Becker Heather , Kullberg Vicki , Palesh Oxana , Kesler Shelli R. 
Published: August 2024

Background: While longitudinal designs can provide significant advantages compared to single measurement/cross sectional designs, they require careful attention to study infrastructure and the risk of attrition among the sample over multiple time points. Objective: The strategies used to design and manage an appropriate infrastructure for a longitudinal study and approaches to retain samples are explored using examples from 2 studies, a 25-year study of persons living with multiple sclerosis and a 10-year longitudinal follow-up of breast cancer survivors. Results: Key strategies (developing appropriate infrastructure, minimizing costs to participants, and maximizing rewards of study participation) have helped address the serious threat of attrition in these longitudinal samples. Conclusion: Implementation of these strategies can help mitigate some of the disadvantages and leverage the strengths of longitudinal research to produce reliable, insightful, and impactful outcomes.
Modification of bisphenol a type epoxy resin by biobased magnolol epoxy
Authors: Wang Ming Yuan , Yu Shou Wu , Zhao Chen Jing , Zhang Tian Yu , Hou Gui Xiang 
Published: August 2024

Reducing the dependence of epoxy resin preparation on petroleum resources and developing thermosetting epoxy resins with excellent comprehensive performance are important directions for the current development of epoxy resins. This article uses biomass resource magnolol as the main raw material to prepare magnolol epoxy monomer (DGEM). Then, using 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as the curing agent, the DGEM and bisphenol A epoxy resin (E44) were blended and cured. The results showed a dual modification effect of DGEM on the toughening and strengthening of E44 epoxy resin. When the mass ratio of DGEM to E44 is 30:70, the bending strength of the cured blended resin is 18.7% higher than that of the E44 system, and the tensile strength is 57.7% higher. When the mass ratio of DGEM to E44 is 5:95, the cured blended resin exhibits the optimal impact strength (5.10 kJ/mol), which is 22.9% higher than the pure E44 system. However, the addition of DGEM reduced the glass transition temperature and crosslinking degree of the blended resin system. The addition of DGEM improves the heat resistance and flame retardancy of the blended resin. When the mass ratio of DGEM: E44 was 50:50, the vertical combustion reached UL-94 V-0 level.
Triply periodic minimal surface based lattices for acoustic performance
Authors: Chouhan Ganesh , Bidare Prveen , Bala Murali Gunji 
Published: August 2024

Environmental noise pollution is exacerbated by accelerated urbanization and different sources generate a unique sound spectrum. To address the aforementioned issue, triply periodic minimal surface acoustic absorbers were additively manufactured with three geometrical parameters (porosity, sample thickness, and wall thickness) patterns to absorb sound across a wide range of frequencies. TPMS absorbers made from Abs resin were manufactured using VAT polymerization additive manufacturing (SLA) technology. The acoustic properties of these absorbers were evaluated using the impedance tube technique across a frequency range of 100-6400 Hz and discussed. The four TPMS absorbers exhibit slight variations in density as a result of their distinct unit cell sizes, which are necessary to uphold constant porosity levels. This study found multiple parameters, especially the nature of the surfaces, porosity ranges, sample thicknesses, and wall thickness of the tested sound-absorbing TPMS 3D printed structure, significantly impacted the sound absorption performance. At the ideal process parameters of 80% lattice porosity, 60 mm sample thickness, and 0.8 mm wall thickness, the gyroid lattice obtained a peak sound absorption coefficient of 0.945, a noise reduction coefficient of 0.50, and an average sound absorption of 0.575. The suggested 3D-printed TPMS acoustic absorbers, inspired by nature, can be placed on construction walls or transportation applications, depending on the desired acoustic absorption range.
Should Mother Baby Units be renamed Parent Baby Units? A critical reflection on gendered language in perinatal psychiatry
Authors: Isobel Sophie 
Published: August 2024

Objective Mother Baby Units provide mental health care to parents experiencing severe perinatal mental illness. The majority of admitted parents identify as mothers and are the birthing parent and primary caregiver for their infants. However, there is increasing recognition of transgender and gender diverse people who birth and parent infants, as well as awareness of the mental health needs of fathers, people in same-sex relationships, and other non-birthing parents. As such there are moves to use ungendered language for health services including renaming these units as Parent Baby Units. This paper explores this debate, critically reflecting on emergent tensions. Conclusion Movements towards, and resistance against, changing language in perinatal mental health care are attempts to ensure the visibility of groups within mainstream services. Whether to adopt new terminology is a complex question. But ensuring MBUs meet the needs of people who require them should remain paramount.
Genetic Testing in Craniofacial Care: Development of Algorithms for Testing Patients with Orofacial Clefting, Branchial Arch Anomalies, and Craniosynostosis
Authors: Gallagher Emily R. , Chow Penny , Mills Maria R. , Perry Hazel , Tam Allison C. , Rosenbluth Glenn , Gutierrez Yvonne R. , Shamshoni Jessica Kianmahd , Matthews Marisa , Schweitzer Daniela N. , Hing Anne 
Published: August 2024

Objective To develop consensus-based algorithms for genetic testing in patients with common craniofacial conditions. Design An online collaborative consisting of online meetings, independent work, and feedback across groups. Setting/Participants: A collaborative of genetics and pediatrics providers from three regional craniofacial centers (four institutions). Methods Collaborative participants agreed upon a shared initial framework, developed algorithms independently, and presented/tested the algorithms with a national audience. Algorithms were modified based on consensus feedback. Results The collaborative group developed final algorithms for genetic testing in patients with orofacial cleft, branchial arch conditions, and craniosynostosis. Conclusions Timely and accurate diagnosis of genetic conditions can support medical management recommendations that result in safer surgical interventions. Algorithms can help guide best-practices for testing, particularly in institutions without easy access to genetics providers.