bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Returns to Postincarceration Education for Former Prisoners*
Authors: Brown Christian 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesI estimate the returns to education for individuals who attain education after an incarceration spell.MethodsReturns to labor supply and wages are estimated using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and a variety of regression and matching techniques.ResultsA positive relationship is found between postincarceration education and labor outcomes, especially for college completion. The General Equivalency Diploma (GED) is not associated with direct benefits.ConclusionsThe returns to post‐incarceration education are positive but diminished, implying that programs targeted at college completion may best serve prisoners after release.
Social Capital, Information, and Perceived Safety from Crime: The Differential Effects of Reassuring Social Connections and Vicarious Victimization*
Authors: Drakulich Kevin M. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThe study investigates the role of information obtained through local social connections in judgments about the safety of a neighborhood from crime.MethodsThe study employs a neighborhood‐based survey of Seattle residents.ResultsResidents who are embedded in local social networks are more likely to become familiar with their neighbors, and this familiarity is associated with greater perceptions of safety. On the other hand, residents who are embedded in local social networks may also be exposed to accounts of local victimizations by talking with neighbors about local crime problems, which is associated with lower perceptions of neighborhood safety.ConclusionThis work poses an explanation for weak and inconsistent findings in prior research on the role of social connections in perceptions of crime: that connections matter in ways that are dependent on the kinds of information residents receive through them. Connections to broader debates about the value‐neutral role of social networks are discussed.
Creating Partisan “Footprints”: The Influence of Parental Religious Socialization on Party Identification
Authors: Ammann Sky L. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveNo studies in the American context consider the influence of parental religious socialization on the development of individuals’ party identifications (PIDs). This study attempts to fill the gap. The theory posits that parental religious socialization plays an important developmental role in shaping a child's PID. However, the precise relationship between a parent's religion and the child's PID may vary over time and across generations in response to changing religio‐partisan conflicts.MethodsThe expectations are tested using child‐parent pairs from the Youth–Parent Socialization Panel Study. Conventional bivariate and multivariate techniques are employed to estimate a child's seven‐point PID. Measures of parental religious belonging, beliefs, and behaviors, as well as a parent's PID, other parental sociodemographic controls, and measures of a child's religion are included in the multivariate models.ResultsIn the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, a pre‐Boomer parent's religious belonging and to a very limited extent religious behavior are more influential for the Baby Boomer child's PID than religious beliefs. However, for the younger generation included in the study, in the 1990s, a Baby Boomer parent's religious beliefs become more influential to his or her post‐Boomer child's PID than does the parent's religious belonging or behavior.ConclusionsThe findings imply an important and evolving role of parental religious socialization in shaping individuals’ PIDs.
Acute prostatitis caused by Raoultella planticola in a renal transplant recipient: a novel case
Authors: Koukoulaki M. , Bakalis A. , Kalatzis V. , Belesiotou E. , Papastamopoulos V. , Skoutelis A. , Drakopoulos S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe present a unique case of acute bacterial prostatitis caused by a very rare human pathogen, Raoultella planticola, in a renal allograft recipient 3.5 months post transplantation. Only a few cases of human infection by this pathogen have been reported worldwide. The present study reports the case of a 67‐year‐old man who was admitted to our transplant unit 3.5 months post transplantation with fever, dysuria, suprapubic pain, symptoms and signs of acute prostatitis, and elevated markers of inflammation and prostate‐specific antigen. R. planticola was isolated in the urine culture. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin (based on the antibiogram) and had a full recovery, with satisfactory renal function. To the best of our knowledge, this is not only the first reported case of R. planticola prostatitis, but also the first report of such an infection in a solid organ transplant recipient or in a patient on immunosuppressive medication.
Efficacy and safety of hepatitis A vaccination in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Jeon H.J. , Ro H. , Jeong J.C. , Koo T.Y. , Han M. , Min S.‐I. , Oh K.‐H. , Ha J. , Ahn C. , Yang J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, symptomatic hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has been reported with increasing frequency in Korea. Therefore, HAV vaccination should be considered in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The study investigated the efficacy and safety of HAV vaccination in KTRs under modern triple immunosuppressive agents.MethodsWe evaluated the seroprevalence of anti‐HAV immunoglobulin‐G (IgG) in KTRs who had visited the Seoul National University Hospital from March 2011 to August 2012. Seronegative patients were immunized with 2 doses of HAV vaccine at a 6‐month interval. Seroconversion of anti‐HAV IgG was determined 1 month after the second vaccine dose, and adverse effects were monitored after each vaccination.ResultsAmong a total 416 KTRs who were screened, 338 (81.2%) patients were seropositive for anti‐HAV IgG. However, among patients who were under 40 years of age, only 31.8% were seropositive. Fifty‐two seronegative recipients (mean age 34.1 years, 71.2% male) had received 2 doses of vaccine, and only 14 of these patients (26.9%) showed seroconversion. Vaccine responders had lower serum creatinine (1.19 ± 0.24 vs. 1.45 ± 0.49 mg/dL, P = 0.013), higher plasma hemoglobin levels (14.4 ± 1.9 vs. 12.8 ± 1.8 g/dL, P = 0.006), and had lower tacrolimus use than cyclosporine use (57.1% vs. 84.2%, P = 0.040) compared with non‐responders. Responders had a tendency of taking lower dose of prednisolone (3.5 ± 1.6 vs. 4.3 ± 1.2 mg/day, P = 0.076), and having fewer infection events (14.3 vs. 40.5%, P = 0.076). Multivariate analysis indicated that higher hemoglobin levels and lower serum creatinine levels were significant prognostic factors for seroconversion. Overall, the vaccine was well tolerated in all patients.ConclusionHAV IgG screening is necessary for KTRs, especially young recipients. HAV vaccination was safe in KTRs; however, poor response to HAV vaccination makes it important to identify seronegative patients as early as possible and vaccinate them before end‐stage renal disease occurs.
Survey of point‐of‐care instrumentation, analysis, and quality assurance in veterinary practice
Authors: Bell Regan , Harr Kendal , Rishniw Mark , Pion Paul 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundWhile there have been ASVCP meeting discussions regarding quality assurance plans and lack thereof for in‐clinic analyzers, there are little published data regarding in‐clinic quality assurance and control practices.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was the identification of the common equipment used in hematologic, biochemical, urinalysis, and other testing, and assessment of quality control and assurance programs currently being performed in‐clinic.MethodsAll members of the Veterinary Information Network (VIN) were solicited to participate in an online survey between July and September 2007.ResultsIn total, 452 complete or partial responses were received. Eighty‐nine percent of respondents (361/404) said that veterinary technicians (unlicensed, licensed, and registered) performed the majority of analyses. Eighty‐eight percent (366/417) of respondents performed some quality assurance on their laboratory equipment, most commonly on chemistry (91%, 324/357), and hematology (84%, 292/347) analyzers, and least commonly on fecal analyses (57%, 148/260) and ELISA assays (25%, 65/256). Ignorance of how to perform quality assurance was the most commonly stated reason (49%, 25/51) for lack of a quality assurance program. The majority of practices (316/374) utilized manufacturer‐provided reference intervals without further adjustment or assessment. Roughly one‐third of respondents (126/374) used reference intervals from textbooks, which is discouraged by ASVCP guidelines.ConclusionsThis study found that the majority of respondents were not in compliance with ASVCP guidelines, illustrating the need for improved education of technical staff, veterinary students, and veterinarians regarding limitations of in‐clinic laboratory equipment and the importance of regular quality control, maintenance, training, and reference interval development.
The Influence of Hot Humid and Hot Dry Environments on Intermittent-Sprint Exercise Performance
Authors: Hayes Mark , Castle Paul C. , Ross Emma Z. , Maxwell Neil S. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose:To examine the effect of a hot humid (HH) compared with a hot dry (HD) environment, matched for heat stress, on intermittent-sprint performance. In comparison with HD, HH environments compromise evaporative heat loss and decrease exercise tolerance. It was hypothesized that HH would produce greater physiological strain and reduce intermittent-sprint exercise performance compared with HD.Method:Eleven male team-sport players completed the cycling intermittent-sprint protocol (CISP) in 3 conditions, temperate (TEMP; 21.2°C ± 1.3°C, 48.6% ± 8.4% relative humidity [rh]), HH (33.7°C ± 0.5°C, 78.2% ± 2.3% rh), and HD (40.2°C ± 0.2°C, 33.1% ± 4.9% rh), with both heat conditions matched for heat stress.Results:All participants completed the CISP in TEMP, but 3 failed to completed the full protocol of 20 sprints in HH and HD. Peak power output declined in all conditions (P< .05) but was not different between any condition (sprints 1–14 [N = 11]: HH 1073 ± 150 W, HD 1104 ± 127 W, TEMP, 1074 ± 134; sprints 15–20 [N = 8]: HH 954 ± 114 W, HD 997 ± 115 W, TEMP 993 ± 94;P> .05). Physiological strain was not significantly different in HH compared with HD, but HH was higher than TEMP (P< .05).Conclusion:Intermittent-sprint exercise performance of 40 min duration is impaired, but it is not different in HH and HD environments matched for heat stress despite evidence of a trend toward greater physiological strain in an HH environment.
Long-Range Correlations and Complex Regulation of Pacing in Long-Distance Road Racing
Authors: Hoos Olaf , Boeselt Tobias , Steiner Martin , Hottenrott Kuno , Beneke Ralph 
Published: April 2014

Purpose:To analyze time-domain, spectral, and fractal properties of speed regulation during half-marathon racing.Methods:In 21 male experienced runners, high-resolution data on speed (V), stride frequency (SF), and stride length (SL) were assessed during half-marathon competition (21,098 m). Performance times, timeand frequency-domain variability, spectral-scaling exponent (beta), and fractal dimension (FD) of V, SF, and SL were analyzed.Results:V of 3.65 ± 0.41 m/s, SF of 1.41 ± 0.05 Hz, and SL of 2.58 ± 0.25 m occurred with higher (P< .05) individual variability in V and SL than in SF. Beta and FD were always 1.04–1.88 and 1.56–1.99, respectively. Beta and FD differed (P< .05) in SF and SL compared with V and were correlated in V and SL (r= .91,P< .05). Spectral peaks of V, SF, and SL occurred at wavelengths of 3–35 min, and those of V and SL were interrelated (r= .56,P< .05). Mean SF and mean SL were significantly correlated with performance (r= .59 andr= .95,P< .05). SL accounted for 84% ± 6% and SF for 16% ± 6% of speed variability.Conclusions:The observed nonrandom fluctuations in V, SF, and SL correspond to nonstationary fractional Brownian motion with inherent long-range correlations. This indicates a similar complex regulation process in experienced runners that is primarily mediated via SL.
Fluid Balance, Carbohydrate Ingestion, and Body Temperature During Men’s Stage-Race Cycling in Temperate Environmental Conditions
Authors: Ross Megan L. , Stephens Brian , Abbiss Chris R. , Martin David T. , Laursen Paul B. , Burke Louise M. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose:To observe voluntary fluid and carbohydrate intakes and thermoregulatory characteristics of road cyclists during 2 multiday, multiple-stage races in temperate conditions.Methods:Ten internationally competitive male cyclists competed in 2 stage races (2009 Tour of Gippsland, T1, n = 5; 2010 Tour of Geelong, T2, n = 5) in temperate conditions (13.2–15.8°C; 54–80% relative humidity). Body mass (BM) was recorded immediately before and after each stage. Peak gastrointestinal temperature (TGI peak) was recorded throughout each stage. Cyclists recalled the types and volumes of fluid and food consumed throughout each stage.Results:Although fluid intake varied according to the race format, there were strong correlations between fluid intake and distance across all formats of racing, in both tours (r = .82, r = .92). Within a stage, the relationship between finishing time and fluid intake was trivial. Mean BM change over a stage was 1.3%, with losses >2% BM occurring on 5 out of 43 measured occasions and the fastest competitors incurring lower BM changes. Most subjects consumed carbohydrate at rates that met the new guidelines (30–60 g/h for 2–3 h, ~90 g/h for >3 h), based on event duration. There were consistent observations of TGI peak >39°C during stages of T1 (67%) and T2 (73%) despite temperate environmental conditions.Conclusion:This study captured novel effects of highintensity stage racing in temperate environmental conditions. In these conditions, cyclists were generally able to find opportunities to consume fluid and carbohydrate to meet current guidelines. We consistently observed high TGI peak, which merits further investigation.
Short-Term Training Effects of Vertically and Horizontally Oriented Exercises on Neuromuscular Performance in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Arcos Asier Los , Yanci Javier , Mendiguchia Jurdan , Salinero Juan J. , Brughelli Matt , Castagna Carlo 
Published: April 2014

Purpose:The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 strength and conditioning programs involving either purely vertically oriented or combining vertically and horizontally oriented exercises on soccer-relevant performance variables (ie, acceleration, jumping ability, peak power, and endurance).Methods:Twenty-two professional male soccer players were randomly assigned to 2 training groups: vertical strength (VS, n = 11) and vertical and horizontal strength (VHS, n = 11). Players trained 2 times per week during all the preseason (5 wk) and 3 weeks of the competitive season. The effect of the training protocols was assessed using doubleand single-leg vertical countermovement jumps (CMJ), half-squat peak power (PP), sprint performance over 5 and 15 m, and blood lactate concentration at selected running speeds.Results:Both groups obtained significant improvements in PP (P < .05; ES = 0.87 and 0.80 for VS and VHS, respectively) and small practical improvements in 5-m- (P < .05; ES = 0.27 and 0.25 for VS and VHS, respectively) and 15-m-sprint time (P < .05; ES = 0.19 and 0.24 for VS and VHS, respectively). The CMJ performance showed a small improvement (P < .05, ES = 0.34) only in the VHS group. Submaximal aerobic-fitness changes were similar in both groups (P < .05; ES = 1.89 and 0 .71 for VS and VHS, respectively).Conclusion:This study provided a small amount of practical evidence for the consideration of preseason training protocols that combine exercises for vertical- and horizontal-axis strength development in professional male soccer players. Further studies using more aggressive training protocols involving horizontally oriented conditioning exercises are warranted.
Bioimpedance and Impedance Vector Patterns as Predictors of League Level in Male Soccer Players
Authors: Micheli Matteo Levi , Pagani Luca , Marella Mario , Gulisano Massimo , Piccoli Antonio , Angelini Fabrizio , Burtscher Martin , Gatterer Hannes 
Published: April 2014

Purpose:Bioelectrical-impedance standards (resistance, reactance, and phase angle) are well established for the normal population or in the clinical setting and are considered indicators for cell mass, cell function, and hydration status. However, such standards do not exist for the male soccer population. Therefore, the goal of the current investigation was to provide a set of bioelectrical-impedance data of a large sample of soccer players with different performance levels.Methods:A sample of 893 players, registered in all Italian soccer divisions, was divided into 5 groups according to their performance level. Whole-body impedance measurements were performed during the first half of the competitive period. Besides estimation of body composition, bioelectrical-impedance vector analysis (BIVA) was performed. BIVA does not depend on equations and displays differences in hydration and body-cell mass (BCM). Individual vectors can be classified by using the 50%, 75%, and 95% tolerance ellipse.Results:In comparison with the other divisions and the normal population, the mean vector of the elite level showed a shift to the left (P < .001). Compared with the elite level, players of a lower performance level had lower phase angles, BCM, and fat-free mass.Conclusions:In conclusion, soccer players belong to a specific population. Muscle mass and function, as indicated by BCM and phase angle, increase with increasing performance level. The soccer-specific tolerance ellipses might be used for classifying individual vectors and to define target regions for low-level players.
Time–Motion and Physiological Profile of Football Training Sessions Performed by Under-15, Under-17, and Under-19 Elite Portuguese Players
Authors: Abade Eduardo A. , Gonçalves Bruno V. , Leite Nuno M. , Sampaio Jaime E. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose:To provide the time–motion and physiological profile of regular training sessions (TS) performed during the competitive season by under-15 (U15), under-17 (U17), and under-19 (U19) elite-level Portuguese soccer players.Methods:One hundred fifty-one elite players of U15 (age 14.0 ± 0.2 y, n = 56), U17 (age 15.8 ± 0.4 y, n = 66), and U19 (age 17.8 ± 0.6 y, n = 29) participated in the study during a 9-wk period. Time–motion and body-impact data were collected using GPS technology (15 Hz) across 38 randomly selected TS that resulted in a total of 612 samples. In addition, heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored (1 Hz) in the selected TS.Results:The total distances covered (m) were higher in U17 (4648.3 ± 831.9), followed by U19 (4212.5 ± 935.4) and U15 (3964.5 ± 725.4) players (F = 45.84, P < .001). Total body impacts and relative impacts were lower in U15 (total: 490.8 ± 309.5, F = 7.3, P < .01), but no differences were identified between U17 (total: 584.0 ± 363.5) and U19 (total: 613.1 ± 329.4). U19 players had less high- and very-high-intensity activity (above 16 km/h; F = 11.8, P < .001) and moderate-intensity activity (10.0–15.9 km/h; F = 15.07, P < .001). HR values showed significant effects of zone (F = 575.7, P < .001) and interaction with age group (F = 9.7, P < .001), with pairwise differences between all zones (zone 1, <75%; zone 2, 75–84.9%; zone 3, 85–89.9%; zone 4, ≥90%). All players spent most of their time below 75% HRmax (U15, ~50%; U17, ~42%; U19, ~50%).Conclusion:Results showed high variability between TS, refraining from identifying meaningful trends when measuring performance, although different demands were identified according to age group. The U15 TS were less physiologically demanding, probably because of increased focus on small-sided games to develop basic tactical principles and technical skills. The focus on game-like situations imposed higher external and internal workloads on U17 and U19 players.
Contrast Loading: Power Output and Rest Interval Effects on Neuromuscular Performance
Authors: Sotiropoulos Konstantinos , Smilios Ilias , Douda Helen , Christou Marios , Tokmakidis Savvas P. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose:This study examined the effect of rest interval after the execution of a jump-squat set with varied external mechanical-power outputs on repeated-jump (RJ) height, mechanical power, and electromyographic (EMG) activity.Methods:Twelve male volleyball players executed 6 RJs before and 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 min after the execution of 6 repetitions of jump squats with a load: maximized mechanical-power output (Pmax), 70% of Pmax, 130% of Pmax, and control, without extra load.Results:RJ height did not change (P = .44) after the jump squats, mechanical power was higher (P = .02) 5 min after the 130%Pmax protocol, and EMG activity was higher (P = .001) after all exercise protocols compared with control. Irrespective of the time point, however, when the highest RJ set for each individual was analyzed, height, mechanical power, and EMG activity were higher (P = .001–.04) after all loading protocols compared with control, with no differences observed (P = .53–.72) among loads.Conclusions:Rest duration for a contrast-training session should be individually determined regardless of the load and mechanical-power output used to activate the neuromuscular system. The load that maximizes external mechanical-power output compared with a heavier or a lighter load, using the jump-squat exercise, is not more effective for increasing jumping performance afterward.
Motion Characteristics of Women’s College Soccer Matches: Female Athletes in Motion (FAiM) Study
Authors: Vescovi Jason D. , Favero Terence G. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose:To quantify the locomotor demands of college female soccer matches and compare the relative proportion of distances in specified velocity bands between players completing an entire half with substitutes.Methods:College female soccer players (n = 113) were assessed during a regular-season match using global positioning system technology. An ANCOVA was used to compare the locomotor characteristics for positions and substitutes, adjusting for duration played. Paired t tests compared the proportion of distances for players substituted out and back into the second half.Results:Defenders covered less total absolute distance than midfielders (first half) and midfielders and forwards (second half) with concomitantly lower work rates. Moderate- and high-intensity running were similar between positions within each half. Midfielders substituted into the match had a lower proportion of moderate-intensity running than those substituted out (15% ± 1.8% vs 19% ± 0.9%), and defenders completing an entire first half had a lower proportion of high-intensity running than defenders substituted in or out (6% ± 1.0% vs 11% ± 1.0% and 16% ± 2.8%). There were no differences in the proportion of distances covered within each velocity band for any position in the second half or for the players substituted out and then back in during the second half.Conclusions:The current findings provide novel insight linking the developmental progression between youth and high-level matches for overall demands and work rates. Moderate- and high-intensity distances cumulatively range from 2100 to 2600 m (26–28% total distance) in female college matches. The high amount of consistency observed for the proportions of distance covered suggest that substitution patterns have little impact on locomotor distribution.