bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐cost E‐band Lange coupler with vialess load
Authors: Chan K.Y. , Ramer R. 
Published: May 2015

A vialess E‐band Lange coupler is presented. The design combines a novel ‘pseudo‐dot’ termination with impedance matching techniques. The multiple stage impedance matching network technique is used to design a 50 Ω Lange coupler. The ‘pseudo‐dot’ termination provides a suitable load to the isolation port, avoiding via connection to ground, thus reducing the cost of the fabrication process. The design achieves better than 2 dB insertion losses in the through and coupled paths with <0.8 dB amplitude and ±2° phase errors for the entire E‐band.
Biomechanics of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Evaluation of the Posterior Sloping Angle
Authors: Bellemore Jeremy M. , Carpenter Eleanor C. , Yu Nicole Y. C. , Birke Oliver , Little David G. 
Published: May 2015

Background:
The posterior sloping angle (PSA) has been shown to be an objective and reproducible predictor of the risk of patients developing contralateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE); however, prophylactic fixation remains controversial. This in vitro study investigates the biomechanical basis of using a 15-degree PSA as a threshold for prophylactic fixation.

Methods:
Synthetic bone in vitro models of the proximal femur were constructed with a PSA of 10 degrees as a control (normal) group (n=6) by performing an osteotomy at the physis and gluing the head back onto the neck. SCFE groups were created with a PSA of 15, 20, 25, 30, 50, or 60 degrees, by excising a wedge from the posterior neck and gluing them back at the new angle with corresponding posterior translation proportional to the slip angle, and loaded superoinferiorly in compression, to failure. Ultimate strength, energy to failure, and stiffness were recorded.

Results:
Increasing the PSA from 10 to 15 degrees only reduced ultimate strength by 13% (P>0.05; CI, −0.21 to −0.06), though a significantly lesser energy to failure was required (−58%, P<0.05; CI, −0.68 to −0.48). Increasing the angle to 20 degrees resulted in a further significant decrease in strength (−19%, P<0.05; CI, −0.28 to −0.10) and energy to failure (−45%, P<0.05; CI, −0.53 to −0.84). The severe SCFE (60-degree PSA) was significantly weaker and less rigid that the control, and the mild and moderate SCFE models (P<0.01).

Conclusions:
These biomechanical data support the threshold of 15-degree PSA as an objective measure for prophylactic fixation of the contralateral hip in SCFE.

Clinical Relevance:
The number needed to treat with (minimally invasive) prophylactic fixation to prevent contralateral SCFE can be minimized if the above-mentioned threshold is used.
Reliable simulation of timber structures by combined load and displacement control
Authors: Gebhardt Clemens , Kaliske Michael 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a path-finding algorithm to solve problems with an arbitrary load-displacement relationship which results from geometrical and material nonlinear models to simulate e.g. timber structures realistically.

Design/methodology/approach
– A method using combined load and displacement control for the Newton method along with path-characterising measures and sub-incremention is introduced. A path-related stiffness measure is used to identify the situation when it is necessary to select the displacement control and chose the best degree of freedom as a parameter instead of the load factor. The nonlinearity index extracts information about the convergence behaviour during one incremental step. Together with the reduction of the load increments it avoids leaving the equilibrium path.

Findings
– The method is discussed based on numerical examples with highly nonlinear behaviour. It is capable to solve systems with decreasing load capacity and snap-back effects.

Originality/value
– The algorithm combines load and displacement control and adaptively choses the method and the corresponding degree of freedom and cares for reliable path following.
Evaluating the fidelity and robustness of calibrated numerical model predictions
Authors: Stevens Garrison , Van Buren Kendra , Wheeler Elizabeth , Atamturktur Sez 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– Numerical models are being increasingly relied upon to evaluate wind turbine performance by simulating phenomena that are infeasible to measure experimentally. These numerical models, however, require a large number of input parameters that often need to be calibrated against available experiments. Owing to the unavoidable scarcity of experiments and inherent uncertainties in measurements, this calibration process may yield non-unique solutions, i.e. multiple sets of parameters may reproduce the available experiments with similar fidelity. The purpose of this paper is to study the trade-off between fidelity to measurements and the robustness of this fidelity to uncertainty in calibrated input parameters.Design/methodology/approach– Here, fidelity is defined as the ability of the model to reproduce measurements and robustness is defined as the allowable variation in the input parameters with which the model maintains a predefined level of threshold fidelity. These two vital attributes of model predictiveness are evaluated in the development of a simplified finite element beam model of the CX-100 wind turbine blade.Findings– Findings of this study show that calibrating the input parameters of a numerical model with the sole objective of improving fidelity to available measurements degrades the robustness of model predictions at both tested and untested settings. A more optimal model may be obtained by calibration methods considering both fidelity and robustness. Multi-criteria Decision Making further confirms the conclusion that the optimal model performance is achieved by maintaining a balance between fidelity and robustness during calibration.Originality/value– Current methods for model calibration focus solely on fidelity while the authors focus on the trade-off between fidelity and robustness.
A combined spectral-amplitude-perturbation approach for systematic mode selection in thermal convection
Authors: Niknami Mohammad , Ahmed Zahir , Albaalbaki Bashar , Khayat Roger E 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The post-critical convective state for Rayleigh-Benard (RB) convection is studied using a nonlinear spectral-amplitude-perturbation approach in a fluid layer heated from below. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– In the spectral method the flow and temperature fields are expanded periodically along the layer and orthonormal shape functions are used in the transverse direction. A combined amplitude-perturbation approach is developed to solve the nonlinear spectral system in the post-critical range, even far from the linear stability threshold. Also, to leading order, the Lorenz model is recovered.Findings– It is found that very small Prandtl numbers (Pr < 0.1) can change the Nusselt number, when terms to O(ε5/2) and higher are considered. However, to lower orders the Prandtl number does not affect the results. Variation of the Nusselt number to different orders is found to be highly consistent. Comparison with experimental results is made and a very good qualitative agreement is observed, even far from the linear threshold.Originality/value– Unlike existing nonlinear formulations for RB thermal convection, the present combined spectral-perturbation approach provides a systematic method for mode selection. The number and type of modes to be included are directly related to the post-critical Rayleigh number. The method is not limited to the weakly nonlinear range.
Conjugated heat transfer analysis of a film cooling passage with different rib configurations
Authors: Wang Jin , Gu Chunwei , Sunden Bengt Ake 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of thermal conductivity on gas turbine blades, and to investigate the contribution of different rib configurations to the heat flux and the film cooling effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
– The Renormalization Group (RNG) model with enhanced wall treatment was used for the turbulence modeling, and the SIMPLE algorithm was used to handle the pressure-velocity coupling.

Findings
– A flame-shape distribution on the internal wall provides high heat flux compared to a hawk-shape distribution; the film cooling effectiveness on the external wall is enhanced for the lateral film cooling effectiveness by heat conduction and film cooling (convection); by comparing the square-rib and pin-rib configurations, the circular-rib configuration offers a higher film cooling effectiveness on the Aluminum wall.

Research limitations/implications
– In the present research, the combination of internal cooling and external cooling is used to predict cooling effectiveness on film-cooled flat plate; two kinds of different plate materials are used to obtain the influence of the thermal conductivity. The successful computational method should give guidelines for potential CFD users in engineering sciences.

Practical implications
– The results of the paper are of engineering interest where film cooling and ribbed surfaces are applied. The successful computational method will also serve as guidelines for potential users of CFD in design as well as research and development work.

Originality/value
– In the present research, the combination of internal cooling and external cooling is used to predict cooling effectiveness on film-cooled flat plate; two kinds of different plate materials are used to obtain the influence of the thermal conductivity.
Three dimensional simulations and stability analysis for convection induced by absorption of radiation
Authors: Harfash Akil Jassim 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate a model for convection induced by the selective absorption of radiation in a fluid layer. The concentration based internal heat source is modelled quadratically. Both linear instability and global nonlinear energy stability analyses are tested using three dimensional simulations. The results show that the linear threshold accurately predicts on the onset of instability in the basic steady state. However, the required time to arrive at the steady state increases significantly as the Rayleigh number tends to the linear threshold.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author introduce the stability analysis of the problem of convection induced by absorption of radiation in fluid layer, then the author select a situations which have very big subcritical region. Then, the author develop a three dimensions simulation for the problem. To do this, first, the author transform the problem to velocity – vorticity formulation, then the author use a second order finite difference schemes. The author use implicit and explicit schemes to enforce the free divergence equation. The size of the Box is evaluated according to the normal modes representation. Moreover, the author adopt the periodic boundary conditions for velocity and temperature in the $x, y$ dimensions.

Findings
– This paper explores a model for convection induced by the selective absorption of radiation in a fluid layer. The results demonstrate that the linear instability thresholds accurately predict the onset of instability. A three-dimensional numerical approach is adopted.

Originality/value
– As the author believe, this paper is one of the first studies which deal with study of stability of convection using a three dimensional simulation. When the difference between the linear and nonlinear thresholds is very large, the comparison between these thresholds is very interesting and useful.
Education work and identity in an English Sixth Form college
Authors: Stoten David William 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of the paper is to explore how education workers position themselves with an organisational culture and fashion a workplace identity. The research involved both professionally qualified teachers and support staff in an inclusive approach and drew theoretical concepts from Structuralist approaches such as labour process theory to Foucauldian post-structuralism and Habermasian critical theory on the nature of identity, power and control. This paper also sought to establish whether there was any difference in the positions taken by teaching and support staff.Design/methodology/approach– The methodology used a mixed methods approach. Following on from a pilot questionnaire, a series of research conversations was conducted drawing on Habermas’s interpretation of phenomenology and the co-construction of knowledge.Findings– The findings suggest that there are clear differences in the way teaching and support staff construct their workplace identity. In general, teachers were more critical of Central Government policy, as well as the practices of senior management, than was the case for support staff that tended to be more deferential.Research limitations/implications– As a case study of a single institution, there are inherent limitations in the generalisability of such research. However, as a snap shot of organisational life, the research provides a useful insight into the complexities of workplace relationships and the identities workers take.Originality/value– This paper, albeit on a small scale, provides an insight into two areas not often reported on. First, on reporting on a Sixth Form College, the research aims to address the paucity of published research on this particular organisation type in the English educational system. Second, in placing teaching and support staff alongside each other, it provides a deeper insight into organisational life from differing positions.
Deconstructing management fad adoption: towards a conceptual model
Authors: Mathews Pamela 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose that adoption of new ideas is a more involved cognitive process than has been recognised and this paper seeks to redress the trivialisation of ideas as emerging management ideas (“fads”). The embracing of “fads” for performance improvement and competitive advantage has received considerable attention in the academic literature, resulting in a rather one-sided view.Design/methodology/approach– Cognitive decision-making, evidence-based management and complexity theory are examined to illustrate cognitive process, skills and experiences used when making decisions and several propositions are derived from these ideas.Findings– An conceptual model of “fad” adoption, integrating the ideas and propositions is presented. This model provides a more pragmatic examination of “fad” adoption decisions and encourages an in depth consideration of their introduction. The model offers a more sophisticated, focused tool for examining the adoption of new management ideas and provides a springboard from which more detailed, integrated models can be developed, and hopefully will stimulate discussion. Implications for theory and practice are also considered.Originality/value– Examination of the literature on management “fads” revealed significant material that focused on the negative aspects of “fad” adoption, but an absence of material that examined how manager’s made their adoption decisions. This paper, therefore, provides a valuable contribution to both theory and practice by examining factors which contribute to how and why management decisions to adopt “fads” are made and develops a model to illustrate how these are integrated to contribute to the process of decision-making.
Management research worldwide: extent and determinants (1996-2010)
Authors: Gantman Ernesto R. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the extent and determinants of the production of scientific management and organization studies (SMOS).Design/methodology/approach– This paper is a quantitative analysis of bibliometric data.Findings– The results of a comparison of number of authorships in a broad number of journals reveal that the share of the US production in the field is declining. However, the visibility of authors from developing countries remains at an extremely low level. Regarding the analysis of the determinants of academic production in the discipline, the estimated count data models highlight the relevance of economic, linguistic and political factors, which have a positive and highly significant effect on the countries’ published research output.Practical implications– The concluding section discusses how the quantity and quality of SMOS in developed countries could be improved.Originality/value– The paper presents new evidence about the unequal distribution of the countries’ production in SMOS as well as on its determining factors.
Drumstick (Moringa Oleifera) as a food additive in livestock products
Authors: Singh Tarun Pal , Singh Parminder , Kumar Pavan 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to focus on natural food additives identified in the drumstick (Moringa Oleifera) and their probable application as novel ingredients in the development of functional food products. This plant additive has attracted interest as one of the prominent candidates for the purpose of improving processing, quality and the safety of various livestock foods such as meat, milk, fish and their products. The search of natural food additives for the processing and preservation of high-quality, ready-to-eat products has notably increased due to the adverse effects of chemical additives on human health.

Design/methodology/approach
– Traditionally, Moringa is a pan-tropical plant species, which is well-known for its nutritional and medicinal properties in human nutrition. Its leaves, seeds, flowers, pods (fruit), bark and roots are extremely valuable sources of nutrition for people of all ages. Moringa is nowadays also considered as an important source of nutraceuticals which may find wide application in the food industry. These nutraceuticals have a positive impact on the body’s function or condition by affecting the digestive, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, and it may ultimately influence health.

Findings
– Several additives that are released in vitro or in vivo from various parts of Moringa have been attributed to different health effects, including antimicrobial properties, antioxidant activities, anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-convulsant activities and there is enhancement of nutritional and organoleptic attributes of various livestock foods. Extensive research has been undertaken to identify and characterize these additives as a new source of biologically active ingredients for the development of functional foods with specific benefits for human health.

Originality/value
– This paper focuses on the properties, utilization and scope of Moringa
Oleifera in livestock products, all of which indicate that its effective utilization is the need of the hour.
Studies on effect of irradiation on functional properties of two ready-to-drink appetizer beverages and their shelf lives
Authors: Wadikar Dadasaheb D , Vasudish C.R. , Premavalli K.S. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purposes of this paper are to extend the shelf life of juice/fluids and reduce the thermal damage of their functional components. Thermal processing is a universal method used to extend the shelf lives of juice/fluids. However, combination processing thought to be beneficial in extending the shelf life with least possible thermal damage. The shelf life of the two thermally processed appetizer beverages, i.e. ginger beverage and karpurvalli beverage was established up to six months.

Design/methodology/approach
– Both appetizer beverages were processed using irradiation in combination with heat treatment. A short thermal treatment at 95°C for 5 minutes was given to the bottled beverages, and these were then irradiated with different dosages of 1, 2 and 3 kGy. The samples were stored at room temperature (18-33°C), as well as at 37°C and periodically analysed for changes in pH, acidity, TSS, browning index, antioxidant activity and gingerol/carvacrol contents and for their microbiological quality.

Findings
– The results revealed that in both products, the antioxidant activity and the gingerol/carvacrol content reduced, making these microbiologically safe up to eight months. However, combination of irradiation was not found suitable for the appetizer beverages due to more than 50 per cent losses in the functional components.

Research limitations/implications
– The combination of thermal and irradiation processing was effective to ensure microbial safety and extend the shelf life of beverages. However, it may not be suitable for preserving all functional properties.

Originality/value
– The outcome is result of original work done, and information provided can be a preamble to the researchers targeting improved stability of functional beverages.
Exploring the quality of European dietetic practice placements
Authors: Markaki Anastasia , Spyridaki Aspasia , Chatzi Vasiliki , Joossens Sofie , de Looy Anne 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the quality of dietetic practice placements in European higher education institutions (HEIs).

Design/methodology/approach
– An online questionnaire was used to investigate adherence to the European Dietetic Practice Placement Standards. Supporting documents were assessed against the “Guide to best practice” criteria.

Findings
– The questionnaire response rate was 39 out of 67 DIETS2 partners, representing 19 European countries. According to the questionnaire, the majority of HEIs have a formal agreement regarding roles and responsibilities on practice placement. They have clear learning outcomes, policies, standards and procedures to test, approve and monitor practice placements. However, less than half HEIs provide support and training for supervisors. Practice placement documentations from 16 European HEIs were assessed against the 15 “Guide to best practice” criteria. Only 1 HEI met all 15 criteria. The range of the rest HEIs fell between 1-14 criteria, the mean being 10 criteria. The least met criterion concerned appropriate support and guidance for supervisors, which was met by 18.8 per cent of HEIs.

Practical implications
– Promoting high-quality practice placements is crucial for the preparation of the dietetic workforce to meet changing societal needs of the dietetic profession, impacting on European nutritional health and productivity.

Originality/value
– This study is the first attempt to specifically address quality measures on dietetic practice placements in HEIs across Europe and highlights the issues that need improvement to prepare students for their new roles as dietitians in Europe.
Megatoys Woos Wal-Mart
Authors: McGuire Stephen J.J. , Drost Ellen A. , Kwong K. Kern , Linnevers David , Tash Ryan , Lavrova Oxana 
Published: May 2015

A family business founded by Chinese immigrants grew into a $133 million toy and costume maker by exploiting seasonal niche segments in the highly competitive, global toy industry. Sales of traditional toys stagnated when replaced by game consoles and electronic toys. Unable to compete in high tech toys, MegaToys moved instead toward seasonal products. In 2007, brothers Peter and Charlie Woo were about to pitch what they hoped would be $63 million in Easter basket sales to Wal-Mart. If Wal-Mart took the full order, it would come to represent over half of MegaToys' revenue.The company was faced with the dilemma of how to grow, and at what pace. Charlie Woo knew that MegaToys could continue to grow as long as it was able to satisfy Wal-Mart's demands. Peter Woo wondered if this was the smartest way to grow the business. “Growth is a good thing as long as you don't sell your shirt to get it,” he noted. Should MegaToys continue to increase its sales to Wal-Mart, or would dependence on Wal-Mart eventually threaten the firm's success? Were there other, untapped opportunities for MegaToys that were well aligned with its strengths, resources, and capabilities?