bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes, Practices, and Training on Informed Consent for Transfusions and Procedures
Authors: Vossoughi Sarah R. , Macauley Robert , Sazama Kathleen , Fung Mark K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Objectives:
While many studies have demonstrated problems with informed consent in current practice, there remains controversy on how to address this. The aim of this study was to evaluate the opinions, attitudes, practices, and training for informed consent.

Methods:
Medical students, residents, advanced practice providers, and attending physicians at an academic institution were invited to complete a survey on informed consent for transfusions and procedures through an electronic platform.

Results:
Most (94%, n = 304) respondents indicated previous training in informed consent, only 60% (n = 192) felt the training was adequate, and 35% (n = 92) indicated difficulties with informed consent. When asked what would aid in obtaining consent, 59% (n = 189) selected a written guideline, and 36% (n = 117) selected patient simulation.

Conclusions:
Only 60% of respondents felt their informed consent training was adequate. Multiple areas of difficulty in obtaining proper informed consent were identified that should be addressed with focused training or written guidelines.
Inactivation of human kininogen-derived antimicrobial peptides by secreted aspartic proteases produced by the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans
Authors: Bochenska Oliwia , Rapala-Kozik Maria , Wolak Natalia , Kamysz Wojciech , Grzywacz Daria , Aoki Wataru , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Kozik Andrzej 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Ten secreted aspartic proteases (Saps) of Candida albicans cleave numerous peptides and proteins in the host organism and deregulate its homeostasis. Human kininogens contain two internal antimicrobial peptide sequences, designated NAT26 and HKH20. In our current study, we characterized a Sap-catalyzed cleavage of kininogen-derived antimicrobial peptides that results in the loss of the anticandidal activity of these peptides. The NAT26 peptide was effectively inactivated by all Saps, except Sap10, whereas HKH20 was completely degraded only by Sap9. Proteolytic deactivation of the antifungal potential of human kininogens can help the pathogens to modulate or evade the innate immunity of the host.
A novel mutation of AMH in three siblings with persistent Mullerian duct syndrome
Authors: Nalbantoğlu Özlem , Demir Korcan , Korkmaz Hüseyin Anıl , Büyükinan Muammer , Yıldız Melek , Tunç Selma , Özkan Behzat 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPersistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare form of male 46,XY disorder of sex development characterized by the presence of Mullerian duct derivatives in otherwise phenotypically normal males.: To report a novel mutation of the anti-Mullerian hormone (A 2-year-old male presented with recurrent left-sided inguinal hernia and absence of right testis. Laparoscopic surgery disclosed Mullerian duct derivates and transverse testicular ectopia. AMH level was found to be low [1.6 ng/mL (normal range 7.4–373.1), 11.42 pmol/L (normal range 52.8–2663.9)]. His 15-year-old and 7-year-old elder brothers were invited, and bilateral undescended testes were noted upon examination. Female reproductive structures were identified during surgery but no transverse testicular ectopia. All cases had 46,XY karyotype. Genetic analyses could be done in two of them and a unique homozygous T to C base substitution was found at position 1591 in theThis is the first report of the
CONTEMPORARY ARAB MUSIC VIDEO CLIPS: BETWEEN SIMULATING MTV’S GENDER STEREOTYPES AND FOSTERING NEW ONES
Authors: Elouardaoui Ouidyane 
Published: July 2015

MTV was the first 24-hour cable network to continuously broadcast music videos in the 1980s, thus establishing the genre. Generally, Arab music video clips differ from Western-produced music videos, because artists are compelled to abide by the conservative cultural norms of Arab societies. However, most Arab music videos, particularly those produced in the last decade, reaffirm Western gender stereotypes intrinsic to those produced by MTV. Contemporary Arab music videos for the most part simulate an MTV aesthetic vocabulary of a gaze that features female sexuality and narratives of seduction. Some new Arab producers, nonetheless, have attempted to avoid reproducing MTV-based gender clichés, but have instead created new gender misconceptions. These productions emphasize depictions of women as untrustworthy and impetuous. Finally, I discuss how young Arab singers have constantly been confronted by the ire of regionally prominent religious figures who denounce the music videos’ endorsement of “anti-Islamic” principles. I contend that Stuart Hall and Paddy Whannel’s early analysis of reactions against popular music styles among British youth as a form of cultural transgression remains relevant to understanding the cultural style of Arab youth as expressed through popular musical performance.
Early Social-Emotional Functioning and Public Health: The Relationship Between Kindergarten Social Competence and Future Wellness
Authors: Jones Damon E. , Greenberg Mark , Crowley Max 
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We examined whether kindergarten teachers' ratings of children’s prosocial skills, an indicator of noncognitive ability at school entry, predict key adolescent and adult outcomes. Our goal was to determine unique associations over and above other important child, family, and contextual characteristics. Methods. Data came from the Fast Track study of low–socioeconomic status neighborhoods in 3 cities and 1 rural setting. We assessed associations between measured outcomes in kindergarten and outcomes 13 to 19 years later (1991–2000). Models included numerous control variables representing characteristics of the child, family, and context, enabling us to explore the unique contributions among predictors. Results. We found statistically significant associations between measured social-emotional skills in kindergarten and key young adult outcomes across multiple domains of education, employment, criminal activity, substance use, and mental health. Conclusions. A kindergarten measure of social-emotional skills may be useful for assessing whether children are at risk for deficits in noncognitive skills later in life and, thus, help identify those in need of early intervention. These results demonstrate the relevance of noncognitive skills in development for personal and public health outcomes.
Grab a Cup, Fill It Up! An Intervention to Promote the Convenience of Drinking Water and Increase Student Water Consumption During School Lunch
Authors: Kenney Erica L. , Gortmaker Steven L. , Carter Jill E. , Howe M. Caitlin W. , Reiner Jennifer F. , Cradock Angie L. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We evaluated a low-cost strategy for schools to improve the convenience and appeal of drinking water. Methods. We conducted a group-randomized, controlled trial in 10 Boston, Massachusetts, schools in April through June 2013 to test a cafeteria-based intervention. Signage promoting water and disposable cups were installed near water sources. Mixed linear regression models adjusting for clustering evaluated the intervention impact on average student water consumption over 359 lunch periods. Results. The percentage of students in intervention schools observed drinking water during lunch nearly doubled from baseline to follow-up compared with controls (+9.4%; P < .001). The intervention was associated with a 0.58-ounce increase in water intake across all students (P < .001). Without cups, children were observed drinking 2.4 (SE = 0.08) ounces of water from fountains; with cups, 5.2 (SE = 0.2) ounces. The percentage of intervention students observed with sugar-sweetened beverages declined (–3.3%; P < .005). Conclusions. The current default of providing water through drinking fountains in cafeterias results in low water consumption. This study shows that an inexpensive intervention to improve drinking water’s convenience by providing cups can increase student water consumption.
Effectiveness of an Alternative Dental Workforce Model on the Oral Health of Low-Income Children in a School-Based Setting
Authors: Simmer-Beck Melanie , Walker Mary , Gadbury-Amyot Cynthia , Liu Ying , Kelly Patricia , Branson Bonnie 
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We evaluated the effect of an alternative dental workforce program—Kansas’s Extended Care Permit (ECP) program—as a function of changes in oral health.Methods. We examined data from the 2008 to 2012 electronic medical records of children (n = 295) in a Midwestern US suburb who participated in a school-based oral health program in which preventive oral health care was delivered by ECP dental hygienists. We examined changes in oral health status as a function of sealants, caries, restorations, and treatment urgency with descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Pearson correlations.Results. The number of encounters with the ECP dental hygienist had a statistically significant effect on changes in decay (P = .014), restorations (P = .002), and treatment urgency (P = .038). Based on Pearson correlations, as encounters increased, there was a significant decrease in decay (–0.12), increase in restorations (0.21), and decrease in treatment urgency (–0.15).Conclusions. Increasing numbers of encounters with alternative providers (ECP dental hygienists), such as with school-based oral health programs, can improve the oral health status of low-income children who would not otherwise have received oral health services.
The Impact of Vaccine Concerns on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Influenza Vaccine Uptake Among Health Care Workers
Authors: Ojha Rohit P. , Stallings-Smith Sericea , Flynn Patricia M. , Adderson Elisabeth E. , Offutt-Powell Tabatha N. , Gaur Aditya H. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We explored whether collective concerns about the safety, effectiveness, and necessity of influenza vaccines mediate racial/ethnic disparities in vaccine uptake among health care workers (HCWs). Methods. We used a self-administered Web-based survey to assess race/ethnicity (exposure), concerns about influenza vaccination (mediator; categorized through latent class analysis), and influenza vaccine uptake (outcome) for the 2012 to 2013 influenza season among HCWs at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. We used mediation analysis to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the total, direct, and indirect effects of race/ethnicity on influenza vaccine uptake. Results. Non-Hispanic Blacks had lower influenza vaccine uptake than non-Hispanic Whites (total effect: PR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.75, 0.99), largely mediated by high concern about influenza vaccines (natural indirect effect: PR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.84, 0.94; controlled direct effect: PR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.85, 1.1). Hispanic and Asian HCWs had modestly lower uptake than non-Hispanic Whites, also mediated by high concern about influenza vaccines. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic disparities among HCWs could be attenuated if concerns about the safety, effectiveness, and necessity of influenza vaccines were reduced.
Unintended Consequences of Screening for Ebola
Authors: Faherty Laura Johnson , Doubeni Chyke A. 
Published: July 2015

Ebola virus disease (EVD) reached the United States in September 2014, leading the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to publish screening guidelines to identify patients with high-risk exposures at their first point of contact with the health care system. In West Africa, the burden of EVD is superimposed on the trauma of decades of civil war, violence, and poverty. Therefore, an important consideration in implementing screening procedures in the United States is the potential to unintentionally exacerbate posttraumatic stress disorder, or add additional stress from stigma and discrimination, among the West African diaspora. We recommend rigorous research to develop and implement evidence-based, trauma-informed approaches to screening for communicable diseases during outbreaks, using principles of community-engaged or community-based participatory research.
Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Compared With Injected Prandial Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized 24-Week Trial
Authors: Bode Bruce W. , McGill Janet B. , Lorber Daniel L. , Gross Jorge L. , Chang P.-C. , Bregman David B. ,   for the Affinity 1 Study Group
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and safety of Technosphere insulin (TI) and insulin aspart in patients with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This open-label noninferiority trial compared the change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24 of prandial TI (n = 174) with that of subcutaneous aspart (n = 171), both with basal insulin, in patients with type 1 diabetes and HbA1c 7.5–10.0% (56.8–86.0 mmol/mol).

RESULTS
Mean change in HbA1c in TI patients (–0.21% [–2.3 mmol/mol]) from baseline (7.94% [63.3 mmol/mol]) was noninferior to that in aspart patients (–0.40% [–4.4 mmol/mol]) from baseline (7.92% [63.1 mmol/mol]). The between-group difference was 0.19% (2.1 mmol/mol) (95% CI 0.02–0.36), satisfying the noninferiority margin of 0.4%. However, more aspart patients achieved HbA1c &lt;7.0% (53.0 mmol/mol) (30.7% vs. 18.3%). TI patients had a small weight loss (–0.4 kg) compared with a gain (+0.9 kg) for aspart patients (P = 0.0102). TI patients had a lower hypoglycemia event rate than aspart patients (9.8 vs. 14.0 events/patient-month, P &lt; 0.0001). Cough (generally mild) was the most frequent adverse event (31.6% with TI, 2.3% with aspart), leading to discontinuation in 5.7% of patients. Treatment group difference for mean change from baseline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s was small (40 mL) and disappeared upon TI discontinuation.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with type 1 diabetes receiving basal insulin, HbA1c reduction with TI was noninferior to that of aspart, with less hypoglycemia and less weight gain but increased incidence of cough.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Intensive Versus Conservative Glucose Control in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: GLUCO-CABG Trial
Authors: Umpierrez Guillermo , Cardona Saumeth , Pasquel Francisco , Jacobs Sol , Peng Limin , Unigwe Michael , Newton Christopher A. , Smiley-Byrd Dawn , Vellanki Priyathama , Halkos Michael , Puskas John D. , Guyton Robert A. , Thourani Vinod H. 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE
The optimal level of glycemic control needed to improve outcomes in cardiac surgery patients remains controversial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We randomized patients with diabetes (n = 152) and without diabetes (n = 150) with hyperglycemia to an intensive glucose target of 100–140 mg/dL (n = 151) or to a conservative target of 141–180 mg/dL (n = 151) after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) surgery. After the intensive care unit (ICU), patients received a single treatment regimen in the hospital and 90 days postdischarge. Primary outcome was differences in a composite of complications, including mortality, wound infection, pneumonia, bacteremia, respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, and major cardiovascular events.

RESULTS
Mean glucose in the ICU was 132 ± 14 mg/dL (interquartile range [IQR] 124–139) in the intensive and 154 ± 17 mg/dL (IQR 142–164) in the conservative group (P &lt; 0.001). There were no significant differences in the composite of complications between intensive and conservative groups (42 vs. 52%, P = 0.08). We observed heterogeneity in treatment effect according to diabetes status, with no differences in complications among patients with diabetes treated with intensive or conservative regimens (49 vs. 48%, P = 0.87), but a significant lower rate of complications in patients without diabetes treated with intensive compared with conservative treatment regimen (34 vs. 55%, P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS
Intensive insulin therapy to target glucose of 100 and 140 mg/dL in the ICU did not significantly reduce perioperative complications compared with target glucose of 141 and 180 mg/dL after CABG surgery. Subgroup analysis showed a lower number of complications in patients without diabetes, but not in patients with diabetes treated with the intensive regimen. Large prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Antimicrobial and anti-oxidant potential of <i>Periploca hydaspidis</i>
Authors: Ullah Rafi , Bakht Jehan , Shafi Mohammad 
Published: July 2015

<p>The present study investigates antimicrobial and anti-oxidant potential of different solvent extracted samples from <em>Periploca hydaspidis </em>through disc diffusion assay. The data revealed that all the extracts reduced the growth of the tested microbes using three different concentrations. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>and <em>E. coli</em> were sensitive to crude extracts and all fractions measuring varying degree of growth inhibition. Similarly, the growth of <em>Citrobacter freundii</em> was not inhibited by crude methanolic extracts, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracted samples. Maximum growth inhibition was measured against <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> exposed to aqueous fraction followed by n-hexane fraction. Our results also suggested that among various fungi, <em>Candida albicans</em> was sensitive to crude methanolic extracts, n-hexane and aqueous fractions compared with other fractions. The rest of the fungi under test were resistant to crude and all fractions showing no zone of inhibition. All the extracted samples of the stems and roots showed antioxidant activity, however, crude methanolic extract of stem tissues exhibited better antioxidant activity than the other extracts.</p>
La montagne du Vuache (Jura méridional): un exemple de structure géologique d'apparence simple mais de formation complexe
Authors: Blondel Thierry 
Published: July 2015

Structure originale par sa forme et son orientation au regard des plis classiques jurassiens, la montagne du Vuache nous livre, après une observation géologique et tectonique détaillée, quelques-uns des secrets sur sa mise en place. Une fracture de grande importance, tant d'un point de vue géologique que géographique, longe le flanc occidental de ce chaînon. L'étude structurale de cette zone a permis de mettre en évidence, pour le Cénozoïque, au moins quatre phases de contraintes en extension ou en compression ; celles-ci ont engendré successivement des mouvements verticaux normaux, puis inverse, et enfin latéraux sénestres.
Ainsi, la montagne du Vuache, sous une apparence actuelle simple, s'avère être un merveilleux outil de travail pour la compréhension des phénomènes géologiques liés à l'orogenèse alpine.
The Neonatal CD4+ T Cell Response to a Single Epitope Varies in Genetically Identical Mice
Authors: Nelson Ryan W. , Rajpal Miriam N. , Jenkins Marc K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNeonatal infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increased susceptibility to infection in the neonate is attributed in part to defects in T cell–mediated immunity. A peptide:MHC class II tetramer-based cell enrichment method was used to test this hypothesis at the level of a single epitope. We found that naive T cells with TCRs specific for the 2W:I-Ab epitope were present in the thymuses of 1-d-old CD57BL/6 mice but were barely detectable in the spleen, likely because each mouse contained very few total splenic CD4+ T cells. By day 7 of life, however, the total number of splenic CD4+ T cells increased dramatically and the frequency of 2W:I-Ab–specific naive T cells reached that of adult mice. Injection of 2W peptide in CFA into 1-d-old mice generated a 2W:I-Ab–specific effector cell population that peaked later than in adult mice and showed more animal-to-animal variation. Similarly, 2W:I-Ab–specific naive T cells in different neonatal mice varied significantly in generation of Th1, Th2, and follicular Th cells compared with adult mice. These results suggest that delayed effector cell expansion and stochastic variability in effector cell generation due to an initially small naive repertoire contribute to defective peptide:MHC class II–specific immunity in neonates.
Non-stable K1-functors of Multiloop Groups
Authors: Stavrova Anastasia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLet k be a field of characteristic 0. Let G be a reductive group over the ring of Laurent polynomials . Assume that G contains amaximal R-torus, and that every semisimple normal subgroup of G contains a two-dimensional split torus G2m. We show that the natural map of non-stable K1-functors, also called Whitehead groups, KG1(R) → KG1 ( k((x1)) … ((xn))) is injective, and an isomorphism if G is semisimple. As an application, we provide a way to compute the difference between the full automorphism group of a Lie torus (in the sense of Yoshii–Neher) and the subgroup generated by exponential automorphisms.
Diabetic patients' willingness to use tele-technology to manage their disease
Authors: Saddik Basema , Al-Dulaijan Norah 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a public health concern worldwide. TeleHealth technology may be an effective tool for empowering patients in the self-management of diabetes mellitus. However despite the great impact of diabetes on healthcare in Saudi Arabia, no research has investigated diabetic patients’ willingness to use this technology. This study investigates diabetic patients’ willingness to use tele-technology as a tool to monitor their disease.Methods: Data were collected from diabetic patients attending the diabetes education clinic at the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA) in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia over a three month period. A survey was developed which measured patients’ willingness to use tele-technology in the self-management of their diabetes as well as their perceived expectations from the technology.Results: The study found that the majority of patients were willing to use tele-technology to self- monitor their diabetes. However, a minority (11.3%) indicated willingness to use the system daily and only half indicated preference to use it once a week (53.8%). Patients who were younger, had higher education levels, were employed, had internet access and had Type II diabetes were significantly more likely to report willingness to use the technology.Conclusions: Diabetic patients could be ready to play a more active role in their care if given the opportunity. Results from this study could serve as a baseline for future studies to develop targeted interventions by trialing tele-technology on a sample of the diabetic population. Patients with diabetes need to be in charge of their own care in order to improve health outcomes across the country. Keywords: diabetes, self-management, tele-technology, willingness.Abbreviations: Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Kingdom of Saud Arabia (KSA)