bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical experimental study on combined support of bolt-arch in circular roadway
Authors: Yang Ning , Li Donghao , Zhao Meixia , Li Weiteng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The deep soft rock roadway is in high stress environment, and the surrounding rock is prone to large deformation. Appropriate roadway cross-section form and high-strength support are effective control methods for surrounding rock deformation. Circular roadway is widely used in mine engineering because of its uniform stress and deformation, which gives full play to the characteristics of rock compression and non-tension. With the advantages of high strength, high cost performance and stability, the application of arch frame in deep soft rock roadway is increasing day by day. Based on this, based on the engineering background of deep roadway in extremely soft rock in sea area, numerical experiments were carried out using the FLAC3D bolt-arch fine numerical simulation platform. The progressive failure characteristics of bolt-arch combined support in soft rock roadway are revealed. The influence law of roadway section form, geostress grade and lateral pressure coefficient on support effect is clarified. The results show that: (1) Under the condition of deep soft rock, the surrounding rock deformation of circular roadway is uniform. Compared with the straight wall semi-circular roadway, the deformation is reduced by about 86% at most. (2) The failure of arch frame in circular roadway has a significant influence on the final control effect of surrounding rock. When the ground stress exceeds 15 MPa, the loss of bearing capacity of arch frame is instantaneous, and the deformation of surrounding rock increases suddenly. (3) When the support of circular roadway in deep soft rock fails, the axial force of bolt is very small, and it basically does not play a supporting role. According to the research results, the support optimization design is carried out, and the field verification is obtained.
Masked particle modeling on sets: towards self-supervised high energy physics foundation models
Authors: Golling Tobias , Heinrich Lukas , Kagan Michael , Klein Samuel , Leigh Matthew , Osadchy Margarita , Andrew Raine John 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We propose masked particle modeling (MPM) as a self-supervised method for learning generic, transferable, and reusable representations on unordered sets of inputs for use in high energy physics (HEP) scientific data. This work provides a novel scheme to perform masked modeling based pre-training to learn permutation invariant functions on sets. More generally, this work provides a step towards building large foundation models for HEP that can be generically pre-trained with self-supervised learning and later fine-tuned for a variety of down-stream tasks. In MPM, particles in a set are masked and the training objective is to recover their identity, as defined by a discretized token representation of a pre-trained vector quantized variational autoencoder. We study the efficacy of the method in samples of high energy jets at collider physics experiments, including studies on the impact of discretization, permutation invariance, and ordering. We also study the fine-tuning capability of the model, showing that it can be adapted to tasks such as supervised and weakly supervised jet classification, and that the model can transfer efficiently with small fine-tuning data sets to new classes and new data domains.
Estimating coccidioidomycosis endemicity while accounting for imperfect detection using spatio-temporal occupancy modeling
Authors: Hepler Staci A , Kaufeld Kimberly A , Kline David , Greene Andrew , Gorris Morgan E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis, or Valley fever, is an infectious disease caused by inhaling Coccidioides fungal spores. Incidence has risen in recent years, and it is believed the endemic region for Coccidioides is expanding in response to climate change. While Valley fever case data can help us understand trends in disease risk, using case data as a proxy for Coccidioides endemicity is not ideal because case data suffer from imperfect detection, including false positives (eg, travel-related cases reported outside of endemic area) and false negatives (eg, misdiagnosis or underreporting). We proposed a Bayesian, spatio-temporal occupancy model to relate monthly, county-level presence/absence data on Valley fever cases to latent endemicity of Coccidioides, accounting for imperfect detection. We used our model to estimate endemicity in the western United States. We estimated high probability of endemicity in southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico, but also in regions without mandated reporting, including western Texas, eastern Colorado, and southeastern Washington. We also quantified spatio-temporal variability in detectability of Valley fever, given an area is endemic to Coccidioides. We estimated an inverse relationship between lagged 3- and 9-month precipitation and case detection, and a positive association with agriculture. This work can help inform public health surveillance needs and identify areas that would benefit from mandatory case reporting.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
Reduction of benztropine use duration in acute psychiatry: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: Seals Whitney , Holder Mary Pat , Polancich Shea , Bryant James Edward , Birur Badari , Burk Bradley G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Secondary to the risk of antipsychotic-induced acute dystonia, prophylactic use of benztropine is occasionally warranted but is recommended for no longer than 7 days after initiating an antipsychotic, correlating to the period of highest dystonia risk. Despite the associated increased anticholinergic burden, many clinicians continue to order benztropine for periods exceeding the recommended prophylactic duration. We investigated the reduction of benztropine use duration subsequent to implementation of truncated electronic entry orders to improve benztropine prescribing within an acute psychiatric facility.

Methods
Data were collected for psychiatric inpatients admitted between January and June 2020 who were prescribed scheduled benztropine. In a quality improvement initiative implemented in April 2022, electronic orders for benztropine were modified from a 180-day to a 7-day duration, with subsequent postintervention data collection. The primary outcomes included a change in the duration of benztropine use for any indication in the hospital, and a change in the percentage of patients meeting predetermined “unnecessary use” criteria. Secondary analyses included the percentage of patients with discharge prescriptions for scheduled benztropine (either for prophylaxis or for other indications) in the pre- and postintervention periods.

Results
73 pre- and 77 postintervention individual patients/encounters were included. Following the intervention, in-hospital duration of benztropine use for any indication decreased from a median of 14 days to a median of 7.5 days (P &lt; 0.05), and appropriate use increased by 92.9%. The percentage of patients with prescriptions for scheduled benztropine decreased from 67.1% in the preintervention group to 29.9% in the postintervention group.

Conclusion
Decreased benztropine use duration, by means of truncated order entry sentences, during inpatient psychiatric admissions, appears feasible regardless of dual antipsychotic or first-generation antipsychotic use, and may reduce the rates of benztropine prescriptions written for discharge.
Single-cell and spatial multiomic inference of gene regulatory networks using SCRIPro
Authors: Chang Zhanhe , Xu Yunfan , Dong Xin , Gao Yawei , Wang Chenfei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The burgeoning generation of single-cell or spatial multiomic data allows for the characterization of gene regulation networks (GRNs) at an unprecedented resolution. However, the accurate reconstruction of GRNs from sparse and noisy single-cell or spatial multiomic data remains challenging.

Results
Here, we present SCRIPro, a comprehensive computational framework that robustly infers GRNs for both single-cell and spatial multiomics data. SCRIPro first improves sample coverage through a density clustering approach based on multiomic and spatial similarities. Additionally, SCRIPro scans transcriptional regulator (TR) importance by performing chromatin reconstruction and in silico deletion analyses using a comprehensive reference covering 1292 human and 994 mouse TRs. Finally, SCRIPro combines TR-target importance scores derived from multiomic data with TR-target expression levels to ensure precise GRN reconstruction. We benchmarked SCRIPro on various datasets, including single-cell multiomic data from human B-cell lymphoma, mouse hair follicle development, Stereo-seq of mouse embryos, and Spatial-ATAC-RNA from mouse brain. SCRIPro outperforms existing motif-based methods and accurately reconstructs cell type-specific, stage-specific, and region-specific GRNs. Overall, SCRIPro emerges as a streamlined and fast method capable of reconstructing TR activities and GRNs for both single-cell and spatial multiomic data.

Availability and implementation
SCRIPro is available at https://github.com/wanglabtongji/SCRIPro.
Step-growth irreversible deactivation radical polymerization: synergistic developments with chain-growth reversible deactivation radical polymerization
Authors: Kamigaito Masami 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in chain-growth reversible deactivation radical polymerization (CG-RDRP), i.e. the so-called “living radical polymerization”, have synergistically developed step-growth radical polymerizations via controlled formation of radical species from covalent bonds followed by irreversible deactivation of the resulting radical species. The monomers for radical polyaddition are thus designed to possess carbon–halogen or thioester bonds, which can generate radical species in the presence of transition metal catalysts and radical initiators, as well as carbon‒carbon double bonds, which will irreversibly form carbon–halogen or thioester bonds. Radical polycondensations are achievable via radical coupling reactions of carbon-centered radicals generated from carbon–halogen bonds or radical quenching reactions with nitroxides. Furthermore, radical addition-condensation polymerizations are achieved by a sequence of reactions, i.e. the formation of radical species from carbon–halogen bonds, radical addition to nitroso or thiocarbonylthio compounds, and coupling or quenching reactions with the resulting stable radical. These step-growth irreversible deactivation radical polymerizations (SG-IDRP) enable the synthesis of a variety of polymers, such as polyethers, polyesters, polyamides, and polyimides, which have aliphatic, aromatic, polar, and degradable groups in their main chains. Sequence-regulated vinyl polymer structures can also be constructed by designing monomers. Combinations with CG-RDRPs further lead to unique hybrid block, multiblock, graft, hyperbranched, and network polymers.
Insights from the first chromosome-level genome assembly of the alpine gentian Gentiana straminea Maxim.
Authors: Kelsang Gyab Ala , Ni Lianghong , Zhao Zhili 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Gentiana straminea Maxim. is a perennial herb and mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. To adapt to the extreme environment, it has developed particular morphological, physiological, and genetic structures. Also, rich in iridoids, it is one of the original plants of traditional Chinese herb ‘Qinjiao’. Herein, we present its first chromosome-level genome sequence assembly and compare it with the genomes of other Gentiana species to facilitate the analysis of genomic characteristics. The assembled genome size of G. straminea was 1.25 Gb, with a contig N50 of 7.5 Mb. A total of 96.08% of the genome sequences was anchored on 13 pseudochromosomes, with a scaffold N50 of 92.70 Mb. A total of 54,310 protein-coding genes were predicted, 80.25% of which were functionally annotated. Comparative genomic analyses indicated that G. straminea experienced two whole-genome duplication events after the γ whole-genome triplication with other eudicots, and it diverged from other Gentiana species at ~3.2 Mya. A total of 142 enzyme-coding genes related to iridoid biosynthesis were identified in its genome. Additionally, we identified differences in the number and expression patterns of iridoid biosynthetic pathway genes in G. straminea compared with two other Gentiana species by integrating whole-genome sequence and transcriptomic analyses.
Slaying the Servants of the Lord: The Killing of Bishops in Medieval Germany, c.900–1300
Authors: Loud G A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The medieval Church did its best to discourage both the involvement of clerics in violence and violence against clerics. The murder of a bishop, in particular, was a relatively rare event in this period. Thus the death of Thomas Becket was the exception, and certainly not the rule. Yet there was one kingdom where despite canonical prohibition prelates did frequently die through violence during the central Middle Ages. Between c.900 and c.1300 some thirty German bishops were either murdered or died in battle, and a number of other prelates suffered violence and were often lucky to escape with their lives. This paper seeks to explain why this should have been the case, examining the various different reasons why so many bishops perished in Germany, and looks at a number of particular cases in detail. Why did such killings became a regular feature of political life in the Reich at this period? How did contemporaries react to such events? The article also asks what this phenomenon—and also the prevalence of political assassinations among laymen—may tell us about medieval German society.
Bleeding risk prediction after acute myocardial infarction-integrating cancer data: the updated PRECISE-DAPT cancer score
Authors: Dafaalla Mohamed , Costa Francesco , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Araya Mario , Kinnaird Tim , Micari Antonio , Jia Haibo , Mintz Gary S , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
This study assessed the impact of incorporating cancer as a predictor on performance of the PRECISE-DAPT score.

Methods
A nationally linked cohort of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients between 1 January 2005 and 31 March 2019 was derived from the UK Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project and the UK Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care registries. The primary outcome was major bleeding at 1 year. A new modified score was generated by adding cancer as a binary variable to the PRECISE-DAPT score using a Cox regression model and compared its performance to the original PRECISE-DAPT score.

Results
A total of 216 709 ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients were included, of which 4569 had cancer. The original score showed moderate accuracy (C-statistic .60), and the modified score showed modestly higher discrimination (C-statistics .64; hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.04) even in patients without cancer (C-statistics .63; hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.04). The net reclassification index was .07. The bleeding rates of the modified score risk categories (high, moderate, low, and very low bleeding risk) were 6.3%, 3.8%, 2.9%, and 2.2%, respectively. According to the original score, 65.5% of cancer patients were classified as high bleeding risk (HBR) and 21.6% were low or very low bleeding risk. According to the modified score, 94.0% of cancer patients were HBR, 6.0% were moderate bleeding risk, and no cancer patient was classified as low or very low bleeding risk.

Conclusions
Adding cancer to the PRECISE-DAPT score identifies the majority of patients with cancer as HBR and can improve its discrimination ability without undermining its performance in patients without cancer.
How do illness perceptions impact device acceptance in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator?
Authors: Skov O , Johansen J B , Nielsen J C , Riahi S , Vinther M , Skovbakke S , Moeller S , Pedersen S S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the first-line treatment for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients at high risk of a life-threatening arrhythmia. Illness perceptions encompass the cognitive and emotional representations each ICD patient has about their health condition, thus influencing coping strategies and health behaviors essential to adjusting to life with their device and underlying heart disease. We investigate how illness perceptions are prospectively linked to device acceptance in ICD patients.

Purpose
To examine how illness perceptions at ICD implantation are associated with patient device acceptance one-year post-implantation.

Methods
Secondary analysis of the ACQUIRE-ICD, national, multi-center, randomised controlled trial. Illness perceptions were measured with the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (B-IPQ) with 350 first-time ICD or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) recipients filling out the questionnaire at ICD implantation. B-IPQ was only assessed at baseline. Patient device acceptance, a disease-specific quality of life measure for ICD patients, was measured at both ICD implantation and at 12 months follow-up with the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey (FPAS). Of the 350 patients, 261 patients (75%) completed FPAS at 12 months follow-up.

Results
The participants’ mean age was 59.7 ± 11.4 years with the majority being male (83%). Total illness perceptions scores were categorised into low experienced threat (n = 182, 52%), medium experienced threat (n = 82, 23%), and high experienced threat (n = 86, 25%).
In the multivariate analysis, high experienced threat at ICD implantation was associated with significantly lower device acceptance at 12 months follow-up compared to low (B = -5.80, 95% CI [- 10.61, – -1.00], p = .018) and moderate experienced illness threat (B = -7.35, 95% CI [- 12.32, – -2.38], p = .004) while adjusting for device acceptance at baseline, age, sex, NYHA-class, indication, ischemic heart disease, education, intervention group and device type.
In an exploratory analysis investigating associations of all 8 B-IPQ illness perception dimensions (single item-scores) simultaneously regressed on 12-months total FPAS-scores with baseline FPAS-scores as covariate, B-IPQ item 4 measuring treatment control showed the strongest association (B = 0.94, 95% CI [0.13, – 1.76], p = .023) with higher perceived treatment control linked with higher device acceptance.

Conclusion
ICD patients with high experienced illness threat at ICD implantation had substantially lower device acceptance at one-year post-implantation compared to patients with low-to-moderate experienced illness threat. Perceptions of treatment control at ICD implantation appear to be a potential mediator of this relationship.
Preventing medication errors in patients with decompensated heart failure and cognitive impairment following hospital discharge, in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Amodi L , Hill L , Stark P , Rogers K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive health challenge, with an increased prevalence of 30% in older adults. It is estimated that approximately 50% of patients with HF have a degree of cognitive impairment, affecting adherence to self-care and medication taking. Therefore, medication errors are becoming a global health challenge and account was estimated at 44.4% in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose
To explore the perspectives of patients with cognitive impairment and their caregivers on the pre-discharge medication education received.

Methods
A qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews. 7 dyads were recruited from a Cardiac center in Saudi Arabia
The purposive sample was selected of patients who are identified as having cognitive impairment, as assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA). Caregivers were nominated by the respective patient. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed in Arabic, and translated into English. Transcripts were checked for authenticity.
Data were analysis using thematic analysis.

Results
Most patients identified as male (n=5), including both patients with mild cognitive impairment (n=4) and moderate cognitive impairment (n=3).

Four major themes were identified
Complexity of Medication Management: Patients and caregivers struggle with the multifaceted nature of medication regimens, indicating a need for simplified schedules and clear instructions.
Importance of Clear Communication and Education: There’s a critical need for comprehensive, understandable information about the indications and side effects of the medications. This should be tailored to individual learning preferences.
Crucial Role of Caregiver Support: Caregivers have an important role in ensuring medication adherence. Some highlighted the benefit of being included in educational interventions.
Challenges with Post-Discharge Support: All participants expressed a sense of abandonment post-discharge, with difficulties in accessing follow-up.

Conclusion
The study highlights the need for simplified medication regimens, enhanced communication, and comprehensive education for heart failure patients with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. Addressing these interconnected challenges through a multifaceted approach is crucial for improving medication management, adherence, and overall patient outcomes.