bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Gall Bladder Retrieval from Epigastric vs Umbilical Port After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Nehra Amit , Verma Surender , Kochar Shubham , Yadav Umesh , Godara Somya , Godara Rajesh 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has now become gold standard treatment for gallstone diseases. Although few recent articles suggest that after laparoscopic cholecystectomy gall bladder (GB) retrieval from umbilical port is better, but the evidence is inconsistent. The objective of this study was to compare specimen retrieval from epigastric vs. umbilical port in terms of postoperative pain, time taken, and ease of retrieval.

Methods:
Total 200 patients aged 16-80 years were randomized by drawing lottery slips by a third person from a box containing 200 sealed envelopes (100 for each group). Those with acute cholecystitis, empyema, mucocele, suspected malignancy, and conversion to open and chronic analgesic users were excluded. Surgery was done by consultant surgeon under standard general anesthesia with four-port technique and GB was extracted either through epigastric or umbilical port as per draw. The difficulty in specimen retrieval was graded by operating surgeon on subjective linear scale and postoperative port site pain was assessed by resident blinded to intervention with Visual Analog Scale.

Results:
Both groups were well matched regarding age, sex, body mass index, and comorbidities. Mean time taken to retrieve in epigastric group was 36.76 ± 6.26 vs. 22.48 ± 5.76 seconds in umbilical group (P < .01). We observed easy retrieval via umbilical port compared to epigastric (score 2.72 ± 1.42 vs. 6.48 ± 1.32, P. 001). Epigastric group patients had Visual Analog Scale 6.56±0.768, 5.60 ± 1.225, 4.56 ± 1.325, and 2.72 ± 1.308 vs. 4.16 ± 1.214, 2.72 ± 1.275, 1.76 ± 1.234, and. 92±0.759 at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours in umbilical group. The P value at different timings were. 001, thus indicating less pain in umbilical group.

Conclusion:
Umbilical port is better than epigastric port in terms of time taken for GB retrieval, ease of retrieval, and postoperative pain.
Trend of Publication of Indian Biomedical Literature in Questionable Journals: A Journey From 2015 to 2022 and a Way Forward
Authors: Mondal Himel , Mondal Shaikat , Mondal Sarika 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Research publication is an important aspect of academic life as it aids in career progression. A high volume of publications by Indian authors is found in questionable journals. In 2020, the National Medical Commission (NMC) of India modified the list of accepted bibliographic databases, with one significant change being the exclusion of Index Copernicus. Our research question focused on whether this change had any impact on the publication patterns in questionable journals.

Aim:
This study aimed to observe the number of publications in the questionable journal before and after the change in the accepted database by the NMC.

Methods:
We prepared a final list of 12 questionable journals using extensive criteria to classify a journal as questionable. The journal issues from 2015 to 2022 were scrutinized to determine the number of original research articles, reviews, case reports, short communications, editorials, and letters to the editor.

Results:
There was a gradual increase in the percentage of publications from 2015 to 2018, followed by a plateau that lasted for three years (2018–2020). However, there was a sudden decrease in publication numbers in 2021, reaching its lowest point in 2022 (χ2 [7] = 658.2, P < 0.0001). The majority of the articles were original research articles (94.54%), while only 3.27% of publications consisted of case reports and 1.45% were review articles. It is noteworthy that none of the journals published any editorials or letters to the editor.

Conclusion:
A change in the accepted bibliographical database by the NMC may be one of the reasons for the decline in publications in questionable journals. It is important for stakeholders to prioritize the promotion of sound research output from medical institutions rather than solely focusing on the number of publications. In this article, we have presented a holistic approach to address this issue.
An Enigma of Emerging Emergency-BRASH SYNDROME: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Angadi Bharath , Punith KG , Manjunatha B H , Diggi Mahadev , Amithkumar CS , Rajesh R 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The BRASH (bradycardia, renal failure, AV nodal blockade, shock, and hyperkalemia) syndrome is a synergy between hyperkalemia and AV nodal blockers, leading to bradycardia. Though treatment is mainly supportive care, understanding the pathophysiology and correcting the precipitating causes will help prevent the patient from progressing to a catastrophic outcome.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study conducted in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. Medical records of cases admitted from the emergency medicine department from January 2021 to July 2022 with bradycardia and hyperkalemia were retrieved from hospital software systems. Data regarding presenting symptoms, vitals, laboratory and radiological investigations, and treatment received were noted, and the data was analyzed.

Results:
This study includes a total of seven cases that fit the definition of BRASH syndrome. The majority were elderly co-morbid patients with a median age of 53 (49-79) years, on anti-hypertensives, with varied presentations. They had mild to moderate hyperkalemia, with a mean value of 7.15 ± 2.31 mEq/L. Acute kidney injury was evident, with a mean creatinine value of 3.55 mg/dl. Initial ECG revealed bradyarrhythmias, with five junctional bradycardias and two sinus bradycardias. Among the seven cases, three were managed conservatively, three were dialyzed, and one underwent transvenous pacing. Six cases recovered and discharged home, with one mortality.

Conclusion:
BRASH syndrome is an under-recognized entity. Early recognition and treatment can avoid invasive procedures like pacing and dialysis and also prevent morbidity and mortality.
Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach in Pituitary Apoplexy – A Case Report
Authors: Shinde Vinod , Ingale Mayur , Suresh Anvitha , Ranade Deepak 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Pituitary apoplexy is a rare endocrine emergency that is occasionally life-threatening, most often involving pituitary macroadenomas. Most pituitary macroadenomas are nonsecretory and are diagnosed in the late stages. They remain undiagnosed until they cause compression of the surrounding vital structures and lead to subsequent symptoms. The clinical feature depends on the size of the tumor and the direction of the spread. There are two approaches for surgery. The less invasive endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach is favored more than the transcranial approach.

Case Report:
46-year-old female patient presented to the outpatient department (OPD) with complaints of headache and drooping of the right eyelid for 1.5 months. On neurological examination, right severe ptosis was present and extraocular movements of the right eye are restricted for the muscles supplied by the third nerve. Pupils were reactive to light. On perimetry, the left eye showed temporal hemianopia. Right eye perimetry was not done due to ptosis. MRI Brain gave differential diagnosis as pituitary macroadenoma with hemorrhage or necrosis and pituitary apoplexy without macroadenoma. Endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal excision of the tumor under general anesthesia was performed.

Conclusion:
MRI brain is the preferred imaging for cases with high suspicion of pituitary apoplexy. Endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal excision of the tumor is an excellent choice for surgical resection of pituitary adenomas, with improved rates of complete tumor removal and reduced incidence of complication.
A New Deepfake Detection Method Based on Compound Scaling Dual-Stream Attention Network
Authors: Wang Shuya , Du Chenjun , Yunfang Chen  
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: Deepfake technology allows for the overlaying of existing images or videos onto target images or videos. The misuse of this technology has led to increasing complexity in information dissemination on the internet, causing harm to personal and societal public interests. OBJECTIVES: To reduce the impact and harm of deepfake as much as possible, an efficient deepfake detection method is needed. METHODS: This paper proposes a deepfake detection method based on a compound scaling dual-stream attention network, which combines a compound scaling module and a dual-stream attention module based on Swin Transformer to detect deepfake videos. In architectural design, we utilize the compound scaling module to extract shallowlevel features from the images and feed them into the deep-level feature extraction layer based on the dual-stream attention module. Finally, the obtained features are passed through a fully connected layer for classification, resulting in the detection outcome. RESULTS: Experiments on the FF++ dataset demonstrate that the deepfake detection accuracy is 95.62%, which shows its superiority to some extent.CONCLUSION: The method proposed in this paper is feasible and can be used to detect deepfake videos or images.
Development of cost-effective dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction technique for preconcentration of multi-residue herbicides in environmental waters prior to Chromatographic analysis
Authors: Bekele Habtamu , Legesse Abi , Yohannes Weldegebriel , Megersa Negussie 
Published: July 2024

High-density dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HD-DLLME-HPLC-DAD) was developed for extraction and determination of six commonly used sulfonylurea herbicides in matrices of environmental waters. For simultaneous extraction of the target herbicides, the optimum experimental parameters that 024influence extraction efficiency were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.8-1.5 and 1.9-5.1 ng mL−1, respectively. The precisions in terms of relative standard deviations (% RSDs) of both intra-day and inter-day precisions (n = 6) were found to be 2.92 to 7.08 and 3.01 to 8.13, respectively. Furthermore, applicability of the developed method was investigated by analyzing spiked tap, lake, river and underground water samples and satisfactory recoveries were obtained in the range of 84.3–101.7% with RSDs < 9.8% (n = 6) and the target analytes were not detected in real samples. The proposed method offered several attractive features including fast analysis time, simplicity, sensitivity, and selectivity. Therefore, the trace level enrichment and assessment of sulfonylurea herbicides residues from environmental water matrices using HD-DLLME-HPLC-DAD could be utilized as a reliable alternative in routine laboratory analysis of contaminated environmental waters.
KEY WORDS: Environmental water, High-density dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, HPLC-DAD, Miniaturization analytical technique, Sulfonylurea herbicides, Trace level enrichment
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1189-1204.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.1
Mechanical and heat transfer behaviour of electro-deposited nickel-zirconia coating
Authors: K. Manoj J. , Arunachalam U. , Mathanbabu M. , Kajavali A. 
Published: July 2024

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are often applied to base metals exposed to excessive temperatures to protect them from the harsh operating thermal cycle load conditions and to enhance their functionality. For this research, nickel and zirconia was coated over a mild steel substrate by electro-deposition or co-deposition method. While selecting appropriate electro-deposition parameters, this study analyses the convection and conduction heat transfer characteristics and mechanical behaviours of a nickel-zirconia co-deposit over a mild steel substrate. The better-quality deposition is formed with thicknesses of 10 μm and 50 μm. The microstructure and morphological analyses were conducted using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The phase analysis was conducted using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The porosity, hardness and wear behaviours were measured as per the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The results showed that nickel-zirconia coating has better performance. The coating's convection and conduction heat transfer potential are investigated using a specially designed and constructed experimentation apparatus. Compared to an uncoated panel, heat transfer studies on nickel-zirconia coatings demonstrate that nano-coatings with a particle size of about 92 nm show a significant temperature drop with varied coating thicknesses and heat inputs for different heat inputs.
KEY WORDS: Thermal barrier coatings, Electro deposition, Conduction heat transfer, Convection heat transfer, Nickel-Zirconia
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1439-1452.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.19
Theoretical study on the molecular and crystal structures of myricetin
Authors: Du Hongchen , Pan Rongkai , Huan Weiwei , Li Jie , Feng Lijuan 
Published: July 2024

The molecular and crystal structures of myricetin have been studied using density functional theory. The geometry parameters are calculated based on the optimized molecular structure, and the thermodynamic properties “heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy” are performed using our self-programmed programme, the calculated results are consistent with literature reports. Crystal structures were predicted using the Dreiding force field and refined by DFT-GGA-RPBE method. The crystal form tends to crystalline in P-1 space group. The large calculated band gap (Eg) of the crystal proves it is stable, which is consistent with the conclusion from gas phase. The conduction band (LUCO) is mainly contributed from the p state of C atom and valence band (HOCO) from the p state of O atom.
KEY WORDS: Molecular structure, Crystal structure, Myricetin, Theoretical study
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1469-1478.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.21
Synthesis and characterization of some transition metal complexes with Schiff base derived from 2,6-diaminopyridine
Authors: A.S. Al-Quaba Rana , A. Hasan Esraa , Y. Al-Assafe Amaal 
Published: July 2024

Schiff base labeled as H2L1 was synthesized, which was derived from pyridine-2,6-diamine and 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde. Types of complexes [ML]Cl2 and [ML(py)2]Cl2, were formed with Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+. Additionally, adduct complexes [ML(py)2] were prepared in a ratio of 2:1. Diverse analytical techniques, elemental analyses, (FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR), conductance measurements, and magnetic susceptibility, were employed to characterize these complexes and adducts. The data acquired validated that the ligands donor atoms act as (ONNO) tetra-dentate bibasic chelating ligands with metal ions. Depending on spectral and magnetic measurements, the suggested shapes of these complexes were reported to be either tetrahedral/octahedral in geometry. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to get some theoretical data about the generated complexes. The data obtained includes the energy of the highest and lowest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), electron density, ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), electronegativity (En), electrophilicity (ὠ), chemical hardness (η), and dipole moment (μ). Different characteristics of the complexes have been investigated and explained based on these studied parameters. The molecular docking of target microorganisms of these complexes will be studied. The interaction of DNA gyrase 4ckk with the compounds visualized by LigPlot software.
KEY WORDS: 2,6-Diaminopyridine, 2-Hydroxynaphthaldehyde, Metal complexes, Spectral studies
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1337-1350.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.12
Identification of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with Citrus sinensis L. Osebeck (sweet orange) in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Adamu Maryam Yahaya , Ochapa Charles , Philip Peter , Eche Christopher Oche 
Published: July 2024

Plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) genera associated with rhizospheres of citrus trees was conducted in Ado and Gboko Local Government Areas of Benue State during May/June 2022 farming season. A total of sixty (60) rhizosphere soil samples each from the two (2) local government areas were collected at a depth of 10-15 cm using auger. The soil samples were then transported to Crop Protection Department Laboratory, Modibbo Adama University, Yola for extraction and identification at the generic level using the standard identification keys. Results showed a total of ten and eight genera of PPNs were identified from the soil samples collected from around the root of citrus trees in Ado and Gboko local government areas respectively. These genera, in a general descending order of occurrence frequency (FO %) were: Tylenchulus (59.00), Helicotylenchus (28.00), Pratylenchus (41.00), Rotylenchulus (25.00), Trichodorus (20.00), Melodogyne (19.00), Radopholus (14.00), Longidorus (11.00) Xiphinema (8.00) and Scutellonema. (6.00). Among the plant-parasitic nematodes identified, Tylenchulus spp. appears to be the most abundant in occurrence and population density on the citrus orchards surveyed in the two surveyed location with a frequency of occurrence of 59.00 and 52.00 and a population density of 924% and 532% in Ado and Gboko respectively. While Scutellonema and Rotylenchulu are the least frequently occurring nematodes in Ado and Gboko local government areas respectively. Based on the obtained result, it was concluded that the occurrence of PPN is probably because the local environmental and soil conditions are more suitable for their growth.
Effect of Tamarind (<i>Tamarindus indica</i> L.) Pulp Syrup Supplementation on the Production of Bioethanol from Sugarcane (<i>Saccharum officinarum </i>L.) Molasses at Different Temperatures and pH
Authors: Babale Hussaini Madu , Buba Fatimah , Dibal Nathan Isaac , Milala Mohammed Adamu 
Published: July 2024

Alternative sources of environmentally friendly energy source such as biofuels are been explored with the aim of reducing environmental pollution and cope with the growing energy demand. Bioethanol was produced from sugarcane molasses using tamarind supplements at different pH and temperatures. The volatile profile of the bioethanol produced was evaluated using Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Bioethanol was produced from sugarcane molasses hydrolyzed using tamarind pulp syrup (TPS) and distilled water (DW) at different temperatures (26-30 oC) and pH (4.5-6.5) and utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae for fermentation. The results showed a significant increase in reducing sugar yield, bioethanol yield/quantity, and bioethanol volatility for the bioethanol produced using TPS hydrolysis compared to those produced using DW (p<0.05). The suitable temperature and pH for the production of the maximum amount of reducing sugar and bioethanol were 28 oC and 5.5 respectively. The volatility of the bioethanol produced was highest at a temperature of 28 oC and a pH of 5.5. The density of bioethanol obtained using TPS (0.797 g/cm3) was close to the standard density of bioethanol (0.789 g/cm3). Conclusively, TPS was found to enhance bioethanol production from sugarcane molasses through fermentation. This suggests that it could serve as an alternative hydrolyzer for the production of biofuel.
Relationship between Nasal Mucociliary Clearance and Nasal Index among Adult Volunteers in Kano, Nigeria: Implications for Respiratory Health
Authors: Idris Khalifa A. , Habib Khadija , Yusuf Ashiru , Musa Sunday A. , Tukur Ahmad R. , Ahmad Mahmud , Jibril Yasir N. , Amin Said , Muhammad Mukhtar 
Published: July 2024

Nasal Mucociliary Clearance (NMC) is a vital mechanism that clears foreign particles and pathogens from the nasal cavity, ensuring nasal health and preventing respiratory infections. Although the nasal index, an anthropometric measurement of nose shape, remains unstudied in relation to NMC, exploring this link could provide valuable clinical insights into predicting respiratory conditions and nasal disorders. This study aimed to establish the relationship between nasal mucociliary clearance and nasal index among adult volunteers in Kano. Four hundred and five (405) participants were systematically selected comprising males (233) and females (172) which are all residents of Kano State, Nigeria. The nasal height and width of each participant were measured using a digital Vernier calliper and the nasal index was calculated. Nasal Mucociliary Clearance Time (NMCT) was measured using the saccharine test, as the time taken to experience a sweet taste at the posterior naso-pharynx after the placement of saccharine was recorded as NMC time. The data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics 20). The mean age and standard deviation of the study participants were 23±3 years for males and 21±2 years for females. The mean and standard deviation of the nasal index in the males and females were 89 ± 9 and84±8, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of NMCT in males was 9 ± 4 min while in females was 8 ± 4 min. This study did not identify a statistically significant correlation between the nasal index and nasal mucociliary clearance (p≥0.05, r=0.46). However, sexual dimorphism was found in the nasal index, with males having a significantly higher nasal index than females (p<0.001).This study established that no significant correlation exists between the nasal index and NMCT, thus it could be inferred that the shape and size of the nose have no influence on the NMCT.
Analyzing Stability and Bifurcation in an HIV Model with Treatment Interventions
Authors: Olopade I.A. , Alabi M.O. , Adamu A.K. , Akinwumi T.O. , Sangoniyi S.O. , Mohammed I.T. , Adeniran G.A. , Ajao S.O. , Adewale S.O. 
Published: July 2024

This study presents a comprehensive mathematical model for HIV infection dynamics in the presence of treatment, focusing on stability analyses. The model incorporates treatment interventions and explores their impact on disease progression, viral load dynamics, and population-level outcomes. A stability analysis was conducted to investigate the existence and properties of equilibrium points, including disease-free and endemic equilibria. Analysis shows that there is existence of disease-free whenever the threshold quantity R0 is less than unity i.e. R0 >1 , and otherwise epidemic when R0 >1 . Utilizing mathematical techniques and computational simulations, we explore the stability of these equilibrium points under varying conditions and treatment scenarios. Our findings elucidate the critical role of treatment in mitigating HIV transmission, reducing viral replication, and preserving immune function. This research contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of HIV infection and the efficacy of treatment interventions in controlling the spread of the virus.