bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left atrial late gadolinium enhancement with water–fat separation: The importance of phase‐encoding order
Authors: Shaw Jaime L. , Knowles Benjamin R. , Goldfarb James W. , Manning Warren J. , Peters Dana C. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo compare two late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) methods: a Dixon LGE sequence with sequential phase‐encoding order, reconstructed using water–fat separation, and standard fat‐saturated LGE.Materials and MethodsWe implemented a dual‐echo Dixon LGE method for reconstructing water‐only images and compared it to fat‐saturated LGE in 12 patients prior to their first pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedure. Images were analyzed for quality and fat‐suppression. Regions of the left atrium were evaluated by a blinded observer (1 = prominent enhancement, 0 = mild or absent enhancement) on two sets of images (fat‐saturated and water‐only LGE) and agreement was assessed.ResultsWater‐only LGE showed a trend toward better fat‐suppression (P = 0.06), with a significantly more homogeneous blood pool signal and reduced inflow artifacts (both P < 0.01). Agreement between fat‐saturated LGE and water‐only methods was found in 84% of regions, significantly correlated by chi‐squared test (P < 0.001). The kappa value was 0.52 (moderate). The average number of enhancing segments was higher for fat‐saturated LGE than water‐only LGE (4.2 ± 2.7 vs. 3.2 ± 2.9, P = 0.03).ConclusionThe two‐point Dixon LGE technique reduces artifacts due to a centric k‐space order. A similar enhancement pattern was observed irrespective of the LGE technique, with more enhancement detected by fat‐saturated LGE. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:119–125. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence and molecular characterization of G1P[8] human rotaviruses possessing DS‐1‐like VP6, NSP4, and NSP5/6 in Japan
Authors: Kuzuya Mitsutaka , Fujii Ritsushi , Hamano Masako , Kida Koji , Mizoguchi Yoshinori , Kanadani Tomohisa , Nishimura Keiko , Kishimoto Toshio 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDuring a survey of human rotaviruses in Okayama Prefecture, Japan in the 2011–2012 rotavirus season (between September 2011 and August 2012), G3P[8] was found to be a predominant genotype overall. However, G1P[8] emerged in the latter half of the season. To clarify the genetic background of the G1P[8] strains, the VP7, VP4, VP6, NSP4, and NSP5/6 genes of the strains were sequenced and genotyped. As a result, it was demonstrated that the strains with two different genotype constellations (G1‐P[8]‐I1‐E1‐H1 and G1‐P[8]‐I2‐E2‐H2) prevailed in the season. The G1P[8] strains possessing the DS‐1‐like VP6, NSP4, and NSP5/6 genes (the DS‐1‐like G1P[8] strains), which should reveal a short electropherotype, were originated from possible intergenogroup reassortment events. The DS‐1‐like G1P[8] strains accounted for 74.1% of all G1P[8] strains and were detected continuously throughout the season but not in the preceding season, indicating the possibility of new introduction and rapid spreading of these strains in the 2011–2012 season. The results suggest that the intergenogroup reassortants, considered generally unstable, can spread rapidly and become relevant. J. Med. Virol. 86:1056–1064, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends in daily observed temperature and precipitation extremes over three Ethiopian eco‐environments
Authors: Mekasha Aklilu , Tesfaye Kinde , Duncan Alan J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTEthiopia has wide eco‐environmental diversity ranging from extreme heat at one of the lowest places in the world to one of the coolest summits in Africa. Associated with this environmental diversity and climate change, climatic extremes are expected to change over time and also vary across eco‐environments in the country. This study was conducted to examine the trends of past precipitation and temperature extremes over three eco‐environments in Ethiopia. The study involved analysis of 20 extreme indices computed from daily temperature and precipitation data spanning over 42 years (1967–2008). The climate data were obtained from 11 stations selected from three major eco‐environments (pastoral, agropastoral and highland). The results indicated positive trends for maximum value of the maximum temperature (TXx), warm days (TX90p), warm nights (TN90p) and warm spell duration indicators (WSDI) and negative trends for cool days (TX10p), cool nights (TN10p) and cold spell duration indicators (CSDI) in more than 8 of the 11 stations studied. However, most of the trends were not significant at many of the stations and the significant trends were not uniquely differentiated by eco‐environments. Unlike temperature extremes, precipitation extreme trends showed high variability among nearby stations within eco‐environments and were not significant at many of the stations studied. It is concluded that trends of temperature and precipitation extremes vary considerably among stations located within a given eco‐environment indicating that the response of local climate to global warming could be different in physiographically diverse regions.
In vitro screening of selected feed additives, plant essential oils and plant extracts for rumen methane mitigation
Authors: Durmic Zoey , Moate Peter J , Eckard Richard , Revell Dean K , Williams Richard , Vercoe Philip E 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDRuminants produce large quantities of methane in their rumen as a by‐product of microbial digestion of feed. Antibiotics are added to ruminant feed to reduce wasteful production of methane; however, this practice has some downsides. A search for safer and natural feed additives with anti‐methanogenic properties is under way. The objective of this research was to examine selected feed additives, plant essential oils and plant extracts for their anti‐methanogenic potential in the rumen using an in vitro batch fermentation system.RESULTSA significant reduction (P < 0.05) in methane production was observed with nine feed additives (up to 40% reduction), all eight essential oils (up to 75% reduction) and two plant extracts (14% reduction) when compared to their respective controls. Amongst these, only an algal meal high in docosahexaenoic acid, preparations of Nannochloropsis oculata, calcareous marine algae, yeast metabolites and two tannins did not inhibit microbial gas and volatile acid production.CONCLUSIONSThe current study identified some potent dietary ingredients or plant compounds that can assist in developing novel feed additives for methane mitigation from the rumen. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of two hop (Humulus lupulusL.) varieties onin vitrodry matter and crude protein degradability and digestibility in ruminants
Authors: Lavrenčič Andrej , Levart Alenka , Košir Iztok Jože , Čerenak Andreja 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDHop cones contain several antimicrobial substances. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of two hop varieties, Aurora and Dana, on substrate (diet for a dairy cow, producing 30 kg milk daily)in vitrodry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability and digestibility.RESULTSIn thein vitrotrial freshly ground hops were added to the buffered rumen fluid in concentrations simulating the cow's daily intake of 50, 100 and 200 g of hops. Increasing the concentration of hops decreased (P< 0.05) both the averagein vitroDMdegradabilities of substrate from 725 to 592, 553 and 481 g kg−1, respectively, andin vitroCPdegradabilities of substrate from 752 to 566, 561 and 478 g kg−1, respectively. The reduction ofin vitroDMandCPdegradability is counterbalanced by the (invariable)in vitroDMandCPdigestibility. The difference betweenCPdigestibility and degradability represents an estimate of the amount of rumen ‘bypass’ protein which increased with increasing concentration of hops from 172 to 454 g kg−1.CONCLUSIONSDecreasedDMandCPdegradability and increased amount of rumen ‘bypass’ protein could lower the amounts of protein required by high‐producing ruminant animals. However, this supposition needs a validation within vivotrials. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Reduced‐fat bologna sausages with improved lipid fraction
Authors: Berasategi Izaskun , García‐Íñiguez de Ciriano Mikel , Navarro‐Blasco Íñigo , Calvo Maria Isabel , Cavero Rita Yolanda , Astiasarán Iciar , Ansorena Diana 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis applied research was done in order to obtain cooked products (bologna sausages) with significantly lower amounts of energy, total fat and saturated fat and higher amounts of ω‐3 fatty acids than conventional ones. Two subsequent experiments were performed.RESULTSExperiment 1 aimed at pork back‐fat reduction and enabled sausages to be obtained with 84 g kg−1 fat and 1334 kcal kg−1, without significant negative effects on sensory quality. Carrageenan was used as fat replacer. Experiment 2 aimed at improving the lipid profile of the ‘energy‐reduced’ sausages previously developed, by a partial substitution of the pork back‐fat with a linseed oil‐in water emulsion (substitution levels: 25–100%). Using the 100% substitution level gave rise to products with 27 g kg−1 α‐linolenic acid, and low saturated fat content (13.5 g kg−1), showing good sensory results regarding taste, smell and texture. The use of antioxidant maintained low TBARs (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) values in all formulations.CONCLUSIONIt is possible to obtain cooked meat products (bologna sausages) with low energy, low saturated fat and a high amount of ω‐3 fatty acids simultaneously, applying a combination of the use of carrageenan, linseed oil emulsion and increment of water, without significant effects on sensory quality. Functional products, interesting from a nutritional standpoint, were achieved. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of dispositional optimism on decision regret to undergo major breast reconstructive surgery
Authors: Zhong Toni , Bagher Shaghayegh , Jindal Kunaal , Zeng Delong , O'Neill Anne C. , MacAdam Sheina , Butler Kate , Hofer Stefan O.P. , Pusic Andrea , Metcalfe Kelly A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground & ObjectivesIt is not known if optimism influences regret following major reconstructive breast surgery. We examined the relationship between dispositional optimism, major complications and decision regret in patients undergoing microsurgical breast reconstruction.MethodsA consecutive series of 290 patients were surveyed. Independent variables were: (1) dispositional optimism and (2) major complications. The primary outcome was Decision Regret. A multivariate regression analysis determined the relationship between the independent variables, confounders and decision regret.ResultsOf the 181 respondents, 63% reported no regret after breast reconstruction, 26% had mild regret, and 11% moderate to severe regret. Major complications did not have a significant effect on decision regret, and the impact of dispositional optimism was not significant in Caucasian women. There was a significant effect in non‐Caucasian women with less optimism who had significantly higher levels of mild regret 1.36 (CI 1.02–1.97) and moderate to severe regret 1.64 (CI 1.0–93.87).ConclusionsThis is the first paper to identify a subgroup of non‐Caucasian patients with low dispositional optimism who may be at risk for developing regret after microsurgical breast reconstruction. Possible strategies to ameliorate regret may involve addressing cultural and language barriers, setting realistic expectations, and providing more supports during the pre‐operative decision‐making phase. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 108:526–530. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HA‐Coated Chitosan Nanoparticles for CD44‐Mediated Nucleic Acid Delivery
Authors: Almalik Abdulaziz , Day Philip J. , Tirelli Nicola 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCD44, the main receptor of hyaluronic acid (HA), is overexpressed in several pathological conditions and therefore can be seen as an interesting target for therapeutic intervention. Here, an approach using HA‐coated chitosan (CS)‐triphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles is investigated, using CS with different molecular weight (25 and 684 kDa), which influences HA presentation, and enzymatic and pH stability. In a study of nuclease stability, post‐digestion of nanoparticles with chitosanase reveals that pDNA is at least partially degraded by DNAse; this may suggest that literature results overestimate the polyplex stability against nucleases. Using cells with a significantly different CD44 expression (RAW 264.7 macrophages—high levels; K562 leukemia cells—low levels; Kelly neuroblastoma cells—absent), the selectivity of CD44‐mediated transfection is proven. Further, using luciferase pDNA and then later anti‐luc siRNA, low MW CS‐based nanoparticles show the best results despite a lower internalization efficiency; this effect is ascribed to a more efficient endosomal disruption and nucleic acid de‐complexation.
Nanoparticle‐Driven Orientation Transition and Soft‐Shear Alignment in Diblock Copolymer Films via Dynamic Thermal Gradient Field
Authors: Zhang Ren , Singh Gurpreet , Dang Alei , Dai Lu , Bockstaller Michael R. , Akgun Bulent , Satija Sushil , Karim Alamgir 
Published: October 2013

Sharp dynamic thermal gradient (∇T ≈ 45 °C mm−1) field‐driven assembly of cylinder‐forming block copolymer (c‐BCP) films filled with PS‐coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs; dNP ≈ 3.6 nm, φNP ≈ 0–0.1) is studied. The influence of increasing AuNP loading fraction on dispersion and assembly of AuNPs within c‐BCP (PS‐PMMA) films is investigated via both static and dynamic thermal gradient fields. With φNP increasing, a sharp transition from vertical to random in‐plane horizontal cylinder orientation is observed due to enrichment of AuNPs at the substrate side and favorable interaction of PMMA chains with gold cores. Furthermore, a detachable capping elastomer layer can self‐align these random oriented PMMA microdomains into unidirectional hybrid AuNP/c‐BCP nanolines, quantified with an alignment order parameter, S.
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Body side and predominant motor features at the onset of Parkinson's disease are linked to motor and nonmotor progression
Authors: Baumann Christian R. , Held Ulrike , Valko Philipp O. , Wienecke Miriam , Waldvogel Daniel 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPatients with Parkinson's disease most often have asymmetric motor features at onset, and specific motor signs (ie, tremor versus bradykinesia and rigidity) frequently characterize the first few years of disease evolution. Some previous clinical evidence has suggested that body side and a predominance of motor manifestations at disease onset are linked to long‐term evolution and disease progression. We prospectively analyzed 206 patients with Parkinson's disease according to the most affected side and predominant motor signs at onset. Patients were divided into left‐side rigid‐akinetic (n = 71), right‐side rigid‐akinetic (n = 59), left‐side tremor (n = 41), and right‐side tremor (n = 35) subgroups. These subgroups were compared in terms of motor and cognitive functions, mean motor deterioration per year (calculated as the motor score divided by disease duration), total equivalent doses of dopaminergic drugs, and the presence of hallucinations and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Disease duration was similar in all groups. Motor fluctuations were more likely to occur in rigid‐akinetic patients. In a multiple model analysis adjusted for potential confounders, faster disease progression was associated with right‐side (P = 0.045) and rigid‐akinetic onset (P = 0.001). With respect to nonmotor symptoms, the rigid‐akinetic type was associated with increased risk of cognitive decline (P = 0.004) compared with the tremor type. A trend was noticed toward an increased risk of developing visual hallucinations in rigid‐akinetic patients and toward an increased frequency of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in those who had left‐sided onset of symptoms. Our findings corroborate that body side and type of motor signs at the time of diagnosis affect the evolution of motor severity and may also have an impact on some nonmotor manifestations. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
The posterolateral mid‐forearm perforator flap: Anatomical study and clinical application
Authors: Zhuang Yue‐Hong , Lin Jian , Fu Fei‐Huan , Cai Zhen‐De , Huang Hui‐Mei , Zheng He‐Ping 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundDefects sustained at the distal forearm are common and pedicled perforator flaps have unique advantages in resurfacing it. The purpose of this study is to reappraise the anatomy of the perforator in the posterolateral aspect of the mid‐forearm and present our clinical experience on using perforator flaps based on it for reconstruction of defects in the distal forearm. Methods: This study was divided into anatomical study and clinical application. In the anatomical study, 30 preserved upper limbs were used. Clinically, 11 patients with defects at the forearm underwent reconstruction with the posterolateral mid‐forearm perforator flaps. The defects, ranging from 4.5 × 2.5 cm to 10.5 × 4.5 cm, were located at the dorsal aspect of the distal forearm in 6 cases and at the volar aspect of the distal forearm in 5 cases.ResultsThree patterns of the perforator were observed in the posterolateral aspect of the mid‐forearm, which originated from the posterior interosseous artery, the proximal segment of the radial artery or the radial recurrent artery, and the middle segment of the radial artery, respectively. The perforator was located 11.8 ± 0.2 cm to 15.8 ± 0.4 cm inferior to the lateral humeral epicondyle. Clinically, flaps in 8 cases survived uneventfully, while the other 3 cases suffered mild marginal epidermal necrosis, which was cured with continuous dress changing.ConclusionThe location of the perforator at the posterolateral aspect of the mid‐forearm is consistent; the posterolateral mid‐forearm perforator flap is particularly suitable to cover defects in the distal one‐third of the forearm. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:638–645, 2013.
Avian egg latebra as brain tissue water diffusion model
Authors: Maier Stephan E. , Mitsouras Dimitris , Mulkern Robert V. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeSimplified models of non‐monoexponential diffusion signal decay are of great interest to study the basic constituents of complex diffusion behavior in tissues. The latebra, a unique structure uniformly present in the yolk of avian eggs, exhibits a non‐monoexponential diffusion signal decay. This model is more complex than simple phantoms based on differences between water and lipid diffusion, but is also devoid of microscopic structures with preferential orientation or perfusion effects.MethodsDiffusion scans with multiple b‐values were performed on a clinical 3 Tesla system in raw and boiled chicken eggs equilibrated to room temperature. Diffusion encoding was applied over the ranges 5–5,000 and 5–50,000 s/mm2. A low read‐out bandwidth and chemical shift was used for reliable lipid/water separation. Signal decays were fitted with exponential functions.ResultsThe latebra, when measured over the 5–5,000 s/mm2 range, exhibited independent of preparation clearly biexponential diffusion, with diffusion parameters similar to those typically observed in in vivo human brain. For the range 5–50,000 s/mm2, there was evidence of a small third, very slow diffusing water component.ConclusionThe latebra of the avian egg contains membrane structures, which may explain a deviation from a simple monoexponential diffusion signal decay, which is remarkably similar to the deviation observed in brain tissue. Magn Reson Med 72:501–509, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of quality indicators for women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Anger Jennifer T. , Scott Victoria C.S. , Kiyosaki Krista , Khan Aqsa A. , Weinberg Avivah , Connor Sarah E. , Roth Carol P. , Wenger Neil , Shekelle Paul , Litwin Mark S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsTo develop a means to measure the quality of care provided to women treated for urinary incontinence (UI) through the development of quality‐of‐care indicators (QIs).MethodsWe performed an extensive literature review to develop a set of potential quality indicators for the management of UI. QIs were modeled after those previously described in the Assessing the Care of Vulnerable Elders (ACOVE) project. Nine experts ranked the indicators on a nine‐point scale for both validity and feasibility. We analyzed preliminary rankings of each indicator using the RAND Appropriateness Method. A forum was then held in which each indicator was thoroughly discussed by the panelists as a group, after which the indicators were rated a second time individually using the same nine‐point scale.ResultsQIs were developed that addressed screening, diagnosis, work‐up, and both non‐surgical and surgical management. Areas of controversy included whether routine screening for incontinence should be performed, whether urodynamics should be performed before non‐surgical management is initiated, and whether cystoscopy should be part of the pre‐operative work‐up of uncomplicated stress incontinence. Following the expert panel discussion, 27 of 40 potential indicators were determined to be valid for UI with a median score of at least seven on a nine‐point scale.ConclusionsWe identified 27 quality indicators for the care of women with UI. Once these QIs are pilot‐tested for feasibility, they will be applied on a larger scale to measure the quality of care provided to women with UI in the United States. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32:1058–1063, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
No evidence for mutations in NLRP7 and KHDC3L in women with androgenetic hydatidiform moles
Authors: Mahadevan Sangeetha , Wen Shu , Balasa Alfred , Fruhman Gary , Mateus Julio , Wagner Andrew , Al‐Hussaini Tarek , Van den Veyver Ignatia B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the mutational spectrum of NLRP7 and KHDC3L (C6orf221) in women with sporadic and recurrent androgenetic complete hydatidiform moles (AnCHM) and biparental hydatidiform moles (BiHM) to address the hypothesis that autosomal recessive mutations in these genes are only or primarily associated with BiHM.MethodWe recruited 16 women with suspected recurrent and sporadic AnCHM and five women with suspected BiHM in addition to their reproductive partners into our study. We then sequenced the coding exons of NLRP7 and KHDC3L from DNA isolated from either blood or saliva from the study subjects.ResultsSequence analysis of NLRP7 and KHDC3L revealed previously described single nucleotide polymorphisms in patients with AnCHM. However, in patients with BiHM, we identified a novel homozygous mutation and a previously described intragenic duplication of exons 2 to 5 in NLRP7, both of which are likely to be disease causing. We did not identify mutations in KHDC3L in patients with either form of hydatidiform moles.ConclusionsThe absence of mutations in women with AnCHM supports a role for NLRP7 or KHDC3L in BiHM only. The absence of mutations in KHDC3L in women with BiHM is consistent with its minor role in this disease compared with NLRP7, the major BiHM gene. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of 2DEG density and mobility increase by annealing AlGaN/GaN heterostructures deposited with Ti/Al, Ti/Au, V/Au, and Ni/Au
Authors: Kojima Toshikazu , Tokuda Hirokuni , Kuzuhara Masaaki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTemperature dependence of sheet electron density (ns) and mobility (µ) of the two dimensional electron gas has been investigated in AlGaN/GaN hetero‐ structures deposited with different metal stacks such as Ti/Al, Ti/Au, V/Au, and Ni/Au. It was found that a sudden increase in nsand a hump in µ were observed with the temperature increase corresponding to the onset of reaction between the bottom metal (Ti, V, or Ni) and the AlGaN layer. At room temperature, Ti/Al showed an order of magnitude higher ns and 50% higher µ by annealing, while the amount of increase was much less for other metal stacks, indicating that Al played a key role for the increase in ns and µ. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)