bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Considerations in Wet and Dry Periods for Phosphorus in Streams of the Fort Cobb Watershed, United States
Authors: Franklin Dorcas H. , Steiner Jean L. , Duke Sara E. , Moriasi Daniel N. , Starks Patrick J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Fort Cobb Watershed in Oklahoma has diverse biogeophysical settings and provides an opportunity to explore the association of water quality with a diverse set of landscapes during both wet (April 2007‐December 2009) and dry (January 2005‐March 2007) periods. The objective of this work was to identify spatial patterns in phosphorus (P) (soluble reactive P [SRP] and bioavailable P [BAP]) associated with landscape metrics for two distinct streamflow regimes. Spatial autocorrelation of P was evaluated using contiguous (side‐by‐side) and upstream (upstream:downstream) connectivity matrices. Biogeophysical metrics were compiled for each contributing area, and were partitioned based on association to P concentrations. Results for both SRP and BAP indicated that spatial autocorrelation was present (p < 0.05). There was more spatial autocorrelation and stream P concentrations were three to five times higher in the Wet phase than in the Dry phase (p < 0.05). Analysis with recursive partitioning resulted in higher R2 with spatial autocorrelation than without spatial autocorrelation and indicated that lateral metrics (topography, soil, geology, management) were better predictors for SRP than instream metrics. During Wet phase, lateral metrics indicative of rapid surface and subsurface water movement were associated with higher P stream concentrations. This research demonstrated that we can detect landscapes more vulnerable to P losses and/or contaminations in either drought or very wet periods.
Natural, practical and social contexts of e‐learning: a critical realist account for learning and technology
Authors: Li Z. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMuch of the research in educational technology with a primary concern over how technology enhances learning has been criticized as privileging the immediate learning settings over the other dimensions of learners’ social life and the wider social and economic contexts in which learning and technology are located. The ability to develop a rich understanding of learning and technology in various contexts requires careful use of theory that might enable ‘looking beyond learning’. To meet this need, this paper proposes the use of a critical realistic account of learning and technology, in particular Margaret Archer's ‘three orders of reality’ and ‘personal Identity’. Drawing on an empirical case study for illustration, the paper argues that such an approach offers a ‘way out’ to unpack the relationship between learning and technology through a deep exploration of the interrelationship between individual practices of learning, with or without technology, and the bigger picture of how learning intervenes in other dimensions of social life and how other contexts come into play in learning settings.
Similar Blood Pressure Values Across Racial and Economic Groups: Baseline Data from a Group Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Carter Barry L. , Coffey Christopher S. , Uribe Liz , James Paul A. , Egan Brent M. , Ardery Gail , Chrischilles Elizabeth A. , Ecklund Dixie , Vander Weg Mark , Vaughn Thomas ,   Collaboration Among Pharmacists and Physicians to Improve Outcomes Now (CAPTION) trial investigators
Published: April 2013

This paper examines baseline characteristics from a prospective, cluster‐randomized trial in 32 primary care offices. Offices were first stratified by percentage of minorities and level of clinical pharmacy services and then randomized into 1 of 3 study groups. The only differences between randomized arms were for marital status (P=.03) and type of insurance coverage (P<.001). Blood pressures (BPs) were similar in Caucasians and minority patients, primarily blacks, who were hypertensive at baseline. On multivariate analyses, patients who were 65 years and older had higher systolic BP (152.4±14.3 mm Hg), but lower diastolic BP (77.3±11.8 mm Hg) compared with those younger than 65 years (147.4±15.0/88.6±10.6 mm Hg, P<.001 for both systolic and diastolic BP). Other factors significantly associated with higher systolic BP were a longer duration of hypertension (P=.04) and lower basal metabolic index (P=.011). Patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease had a lower systolic BP than those without these conditions (P<.0001). BP was similar across racial and socioeconomic groups for patients with uncontrolled hypertension in primary care, suggesting that patients with uncontrolled hypertension and an established primary care relationship likely have different reasons for poor BP control than other patient populations.
Finite Element Analysis of an Implant‐Assisted Removable Partial Denture
Authors: Shahmiri Reza , Aarts John M. , Bennani Vincent , Atieh Momen A. , Swain Michael V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurposeThis study analyzes the effects of loading a Kennedy class I implant‐assisted removable partial denture (IARPD) using finite element analysis (FEA). Standard RPDs are not originally designed to accommodate a posterior implant load point. The null hypothesis is that the introduction of posteriorly placed implants into an RPD has no effect on the load distribution.Materials and MethodsA Faro Arm scan was used to extract the geometrical data of a human partially edentulous mandible. A standard plus regular neck (4.8 × 12 mm) Straumann® implant and titanium matrix, tooth roots, and periodontal ligaments were modeled using a combination of reverse engineering in Rapidform XOR2 and solid modeling in Solidworks 2008 FEA program. The model incorporated an RPD and was loaded with a bilateral force of 120 N. ANSYS Workbench 11.0 was used to analyze deformation in the IARPD and elastic strain in the metal framework.ResultsFEA identified that the metal framework developed high strain patterns on the major and minor connectors, and the acrylic was subjected to deformation, which could lead to acrylic fractures. The ideal position of the neutral axis was calculated to be 0.75 mm above the ridge.ConclusionA potentially destructive mismatch of strain distribution was identified between the acrylic and metal framework, which could be a factor in the failure of the acrylic. The metal framework showed high strain patterns on the major and minor connectors around the teeth, while the implant components transferred the load directly to the acrylic.
Prosthodontic and Surgical Management of a Completely Edentulous Patient with a Severe Class III Skeletal Maxillomandibular Relationship: A Clinical Report
Authors: Ashy Linah M. , Sukotjo Cortino 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article describes a multidisciplinary approach combining surgical and prosthodontic treatment of a completely edentulous patient who presented with a severe skeletal class III relationship and was diagnosed as American College of Prosthodontists Prosthodontic Diagnostic Index (ACP PDI) class IV. The use of a complete denture serving as diagnostic tool, surgical guide, and definitive restoration is presented. Computer‐aided surgical simulation was used to achieve an accurate diagnostic and surgical plan. Maxillary Lefort class I and mandibular sagittal split osteotomy surgical treatment was performed to correct arch discrepancy. The surgical procedure demonstrated a clinically acceptable maxillomandibular relationship and stability. The patient was satisfied with the esthetics and demonstrated improved oral function following prosthesis insertion.
Implant‐Supported Oral Rehabilitation of a Patient with Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Clinical Report
Authors: Altin Nazlı , Ergun Sertan , Katz Joseph , Sancakli Erkan , Koray Meltem , Tanyeri Hakkı 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare mucocutaneous vesiculobullous disease characterized by the development of autoantibodies against the desmosomal proteins. Current treatment is largely based on systemic immunosuppression using systemic corticosteroids. Immunosuppressive drugs used in the treatment of the disease may increase the risk of infection and delayed healing, which are of concern in dental treatment procedures in this group of patients. The clinical outcomes of implants in PV have not been investigated. We present a case of PV rehabilitated with an implant‐supported prosthesis with a 32‐month follow‐up and discuss the important points in the surgical and prosthodontic phases.
‘We have got the tools’: Qualitative evaluation of a mental health Wellness Recovery Action Planning (WRAP) education programme in Ireland
Authors: Keogh B. , Higgins A. , DeVries J. , Morrissey J. , Callaghan P. , Ryan D. , Gijbels H. , Nash M. 
Published: April 2013

Accessible summary
Because Recovery is an important idea, an educational course was run to help service users and professionals to introduce Wellness Recovery Action Planning (WRAP) to interested parties in their communities.
The evaluation of this course made use of group interviews in which participants were asked about their experiences on the course.
Although they enjoyed the course and were positive about Recovery and WRAP, they felt that they still lacked confidence in the presentation skills that they felt they required.
AbstractIn recent years, there has been a consistent drive to incorporate Recovery principles into the Irish mental health services. A group of Irish mental health service providers came together and delivered a 5‐day Wellness Recovery Action Planning (WRAP) facilitator's programme. The programme was developed and delivered by key stakeholders including people with self‐experience of mental health problem. This paper presents the qualitative findings from an evaluation of these facilitator's programmes. Three focus groups were held with 22 people, the majority of who described themselves as mental health professionals and/or people with self‐experience of mental health problems. Data were analysed using a thematic approach and yielded four themes. Although the participants were positive about the programme and felt that their knowledge of Recovery and WRAP had improved, they felt that they still lacked confidence in terms of the presentation skills required for facilitating Recovery and WRAP programmes. The findings suggest that mental health service providers who wish to develop service users and clinicians as WRAP facilitators need to put more emphasis on the provision of facilitation and presentation skills in the programmes they develop.
New Developments in Education and Training in Sexual Medicine
Authors: Reisman Yacov , Eardley Ian , Porst Hartmut , Multidisciplinary Joint Committee on Sexual Medicine (MJCSM)  
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The past 12 months have been historic ones for the field of Sexual Medicine in that we have seen the creation of the European Board examination in Sexual Medicine with the title of “Fellow of the European Committee on Sexual Medicine” (FECSM) offered to successful candidates.

Aim
The study aims to promote a high standard of care in Sexual Medicine.

Methods
An important way of promoting high standards of care is by the development of training, regulation, and assessment framework. The background to these developments and the recent educational activities of the European Society for Sexual Medicine (ESSM) are described in this article.

Results
The creation of the Multidisciplinary Joint Committee on Sexual Medicine (MJCSM) under the auspices of the European Union of Medical Specialists, with the primary purpose to develop the highest possible standards of training in Sexual Medicine in Europe, made it possible to create a process for qualification in Sexual Medicine. The ESSM educational activities created opportunities to support trainees in Sexual Medicine and the first MJCSM exam was held in Amsterdam with a high overall success rate.

Conclusion
These activities are intended to improve quality. The FECSM examination is the first of its type and provides a real opportunity for Sexual Medicine physicians to demonstrate and document their knowledge.
Critical Realism and the Process Account of Emergence
Authors: Pratten Stephen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFor advocates of critical realism emergence is a central theme. Critical realists typically ground their defence of the relative disciplinary autonomy of various sciences by arguing that emergent phenomena exist in a robust non‐ontologically, non‐causally reductionist sense. Despite the importance they attach to it critical realists have only recently begun to elaborate on emergence at length and systematically compare their own account with those developed by others. This paper clarifies what is distinctive about the critical realist account of emergence by comparing it with an alternative. Critical realism and interactivism are shown to independently converge on the same general process (or constraint) view of emergence and develop complementary accounts of particular emergents.
Nations, National Cultures, and Natural Languages: A Contribution to the Sociology of Nations
Authors: Pickel Andreas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper seeks to contribute to the sociology of nations, a literature that is only starting to carve out its place in the social sciences. The paper offers a reconceptualization of “nations” as “national cultures”, employing an evolutionary perspective and a systemic framework in which “nations” are understood as cultural systems of a special kind. National cultures are intimately tied to natural languages, and the acquisition of a national culture occurs as part and parcel of the acquisition of a natural language. Acquiring a natural language is a prerequisite for learning other cultural systems (artefactual languages as well as other natural languages). National cultures function as metacultures. They are also the reference cultures for modern states and their citizens, a political dimension of nations that is of paramount importance, though it will only be touched on in this paper. National cultures should be considered as the most fundamental type of cultural system today.
All‐oral therapy with nucleotide inhibitors sofosbuvir and GS‐0938 for 14 days in treatment‐naive genotype 1 hepatitis C (NUCLEAR)
Authors: Lawitz E. J. , Rodriguez‐Torres M. , Denning J. , Mathias A. , Mo H. , Gao B. , Cornpropst M. T. , Berrey M. M. , Symonds W. T. 
Published: April 2013

SummarySofosbuvir and GS‐0938 are distinct nucleotide analogues with activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) in vitro. We evaluated the antiviral activity and safety of sofosbuvir and GS‐0938 alone and in combination in HCV genotype 1 patients. In this double‐blind study, 40 treatment‐naïve patients were randomly assigned to 4 treatment cohorts: (i) GS‐0938 for 14 days, (ii) GS‐0938 for 7 days followed by GS‐0938 plus sofosbuvir for 7 days, (iii) sofosbuvir for 7 days followed by GS‐0938 plus sofosbuvir for 7 days and (iv) GS‐0938 plus sofosbuvir for 14 days. In each arm, 8 patients received active drug and 2 placebo. After 7 days of dosing, patients in all 4 dose groups experienced substantial reductions in HCV RNA, with median declines (Q1, Q3) of −4.50 (−4.66, −4.24) in Cohort 1, −4.55 (−4.97, −4.13) in Cohort 2, −4.65 (−4.78, −4.17) in Cohort 3 and −4.43 (−4.81, −4.13) in Cohort 4; patients receiving placebo had essentially no change in HCV RNA (+0.07 log10 IU/mL). Seven days after the end of treatment, the proportions of patients with HCV RNA <15 IU/mL were 4 (50%), 8 (100%), 7 (88%) and 5 (63%) for Cohorts 1–4, respectively, vs 0 for placebo. No viral breakthrough or resistance mutations were observed. No serious adverse events or Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were reported. Sofosbuvir and GS‐0938—alone and in combination—were well tolerated and led to substantial reductions in viral load. Sofosbuvir is undergoing further investigation as a possible backbone of an all‐oral regimen for chronic HCV.
Biliary cast syndrome post–liver transplantation: risk factors and outcome
Authors: Voigtländer Torsten , Negm Ahmed A. , Strassburg Christian P. , Lehner Frank , Manns Michael P. , Lankisch Tim O. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundBiliary cast syndrome (BCS) is characterized by the retention of lithogenic material leading to obstructive cholangitis and subsequent liver damage. BCS after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) can lead to retransplantation or death.AimEvaluation of aetiology, risk factors and outcome of BCS after OLT.MethodsIn a retrospective single centre analysis between 2002 and 2011, all OLT patients with BCS diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography were identified and compared with a matched control group at a 2:1 ratio.ResultsThirty patients with BCS after OLT were identified (30/887, 3.4%). Seventy per cent of those patients (21/30) underwent transplantation in the Model for Endstage Liver Disease (MELD) score era. Median time to diagnosis after OLT was 255 days (IQR 107–621). Intensive care unit treatment after OLT was significantly longer in BCS patients [16 days (IQR 8–42) vs. 9 (IQR 7–17) days; P = 0.039]. In a multivariate analysis, hepatic artery stenosis (P = 0.04), biliary strictures (P = 0.032) and need for renal replacement therapy (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with BCS. Immunosuppressant regimen, operation time, cold or warm ischaemia time, graft size, acute cellular rejection and cytomegalovirus infections were not significantly different between both groups. Retransplantation rate and 12‐month mortality were significantly higher with BCS (9/30, 30% vs. 4/60, 7%, P = 0.003).ConclusionsBCS is a rare, but severe complication after OLT. Patients with hepatic artery stenosis, biliary strictures or renal replacement therapy have the highest risk to develop BCS and should therefore be monitored carefully.
A petrogenetic model for the comagmatic origin of chassignites and nakhlites: Inferences from chlorine‐rich minerals, petrology, and geochemistry
Authors: McCubbin Francis M. , Elardo Stephen M. , Shearer Charles K. , Smirnov Alexander , Hauri Erik H. , Draper David S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTwelve samples belonging to the chassignite and nakhlite subgroups of Martian meteorites were investigated using a variety of micro‐beam analytical techniques to gain insight into the petrogenesis of these two meteorite classes. There are a striking number of geochemical similarities between the chassignites and nakhlites, including mineralogy and petrology, crystallization age, cosmic‐ray exposure age, and radiogenic isotopic compositions. However, there are also geochemical differences, namely in trace element systematics of pyroxenes, that have led some authors to conclude that the nakhlites are comagmatic with each other, but not comagmatic with the chassignites. On the basis of data presented here, we propose a model in which these differences can be reconciled by the addition of an exogenous Cl‐rich fluid to the chassignite‐nakhlite magma body shortly after the formation of the cumulate horizon that was sampled by the Chassigny meteorite. This model is supported by the textural and chemical associations of the volatile‐bearing minerals apatite, amphibole, and biotite, which record a history starting with the addition of a Cl‐ andLREE‐enriched fluid to the magma body. As the magma continued to crystallize, it eventually reached chloride saturation and degassed a Cl‐rich fluid phase. Depending on the provenance of the Cl‐rich fluid, this model could explain how the chassignites and nakhlites originated from anLREE‐depleted source, yet all exhibitLREE‐enriched bulk‐rock patterns. Additionally, the model explains the range in oxygen fugacity that is recorded by the chassignites and nakhlites because eventual exsolution and loss of Cl‐rich fluid phases near the end of crystallization of the nakhlite sequence leads to auto‐oxidation of the magma body due to the preferential partitioning of Fe2+into the fluid phase.
Mindreading in Infancy
Authors: Carruthers Peter 
Published: April 2013

AbstractVarious dichotomies have been proposed to characterize the nature and development of human mindreading capacities, especially in light of recent evidence of mindreading in infants aged 7 to 18 months. This article will examine these suggestions, arguing that none is currently supported by the evidence. Rather, the data support a modular account of the domain‐specific component of basic mindreading capacities. This core component is present in infants from a very young age and does not alter fundamentally thereafter. What alters with development are the interactions between core mindreading and other systems, including executive systems, and forms of learning that do not require radical conceptual change.
Protagonist Projection
Authors: Stokke Andreas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article provides a semantic analysis of Protagonist Projection, the phenomenon by which things are described from a point of view different from that of the speaker. Against what has been argued by some, the account vindicates the intuitive idea that Protagonist Projection does not give rise to counterexamples to factivity, and similar plausible principles. A pragmatics is sketched that explains the attitude attributions generated by Protagonist Projection. Further, the phenomenon is compared to Free Indirect Discourse, and the proposed account is seen to preserve the relation between them.
Visualizing the production and arrangement of peptidoglycan in Gram‐positive cells
Authors: Popham David L. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryDecades of study have revealed the fine chemical structure of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall, but the arrangement of the peptidoglycan strands within the wall has been challenging to define. The application of electron cryotomography (ECT) and new methods for fluorescent labelling of peptidoglycan are allowing new insights into wall structure and synthesis. Two articles in this issue examine peptidoglycan structures in the model Gram‐positive species Bacillus subtilis. Beeby et al. combined visualization of peptidoglycan using ECT with molecular modelling of three proposed arrangements of peptidoglycan strands to identify the model most consistent with their data. They argue convincingly for a Gram‐positive wall containing multiple layers of peptidoglycan strands arranged circumferentially around the long axis of the rod‐shaped cell, an arrangement similar to the single layer of peptidoglycan in similarly shaped Gram‐negative cells. Tocheva et al. examined sporulating cells using ECT and fluorescence microscopy to demonstrate the continuous production of a thin layer of peptidoglycan around the developing spore as it is engulfed by the membrane of the adjacent mother cell. The presence of this peptidoglycan in the intermembrane space allows the refinement of a model for engulfment, which has been known to include peptidoglycan synthetic and lytic functions.
Density Nowcasts and Model Combination: Nowcasting Euro‐Area GDP Growth over the 2008–09 Recession*
Authors: Mazzi Gian Luigi , Mitchell James , Montana Gaetana 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCombined density nowcasts for quarterly Euro‐area GDP growth are produced based on the real‐time performance of component models. Components are distinguished by their use of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’, aggregate and disaggregate, indicators. We consider the accuracy of the density nowcasts as within‐quarter indicator data accumulate. We find that the relative utility of ‘soft’ indicators surged during the recession. But as this instability was hard to detect in real‐time it helps, when producing density nowcasts unknowing any within‐quarter ‘hard’ data, to weight the different indicators equally. On receipt of ‘hard’ data for the second month in the quarter better calibrated densities are obtained by giving a higher weight in the combination to ‘hard’ indicators.