bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATITUDES DOS ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM FRENTE ÀS DOENÇAS TRANSMISSÍVEIS
Authors: Gomes Jean Barros , Zoboli Elma Lourdes Campos Pavone , Saito Danielle Yuri Takauti , Gryschek Anna Luiza de Fátima Pinho Lins , Schveitzer Mariana Cabral 
Published: August 2014

Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que objetivou identificar as atitudes de acadêmicos de Enfermagem frente às doenças transmissíveis e às pessoas com estes agravos e reconhecer como a disciplina Enfermagem em Doenças Transmissíveis do curso de graduação da Universidade de São Paulo influencia este processo. Situações hipotéticas foram apresentadas antes (2006) e depois (2010) da disciplina para os alunos refletirem; esses registraram sua percepção por escrito, resultando em 69 registros em cada um dos momentos de reflexão. Na análise dos dados foram identificadas as seguintes categorias: medo, preconceito, raiva, tristeza, vergonha, preocupação, insegurança, assistência, curiosidade, esperança e tranquilidade. Os conhecimentos veiculados na disciplina de doenças transmissíveis foram importantes para mobilizar os comportamentos dos estudantes quanto aos preconceitos e aos estigmas. Ademais, o conteúdo teórico prático foi capaz de instrumentalizar os acadêmicos para compreenderem essas doenças como agravos passíveis de tratamento e de acompanhamento por parte da equipe de enfermagem.
O DOENTE CONFUSO E A AÇÃO DE ENFERMAGEM, EM MEIO HOSPITALAR
Authors: Marques Paulo Alexandre Oliveira , Sousa Paulino , Silva Abel 
Published: August 2014

Este resumo deriva de tese centrada no domínio do doente com ‘confusão’. Emergiu de um processo de investigação-ação desenvolvido em uma unidade de doentes agudos do foro médico, entre 2007 a 2010, no Hospital Pedro Hispano -Portugal, onde se concretizou um percurso de mudança. Caracterizou-se como pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e correlacional cujos objetivos foram: identificar um modelo de cuidados que suportasse a ação e a gestão do doente confuso, pelos enfermeiros; identificar a utilidade clínica do foco ‘confusão’ para os enfermeiros; identificar as condições do doente que interferiam na conceção de cuidados de enfermagem ao doente confuso; identificar as intervenções de enfermagem que se mostravam mais adequadas para lidar com o doente confuso; e identificar os fatores que interferiram com o processo de mudança na estrutura e nos conteúdos que suportam e consubstanciam os cuidados a esses doentes. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas a 19 enfermeiros, análise de documentação e observação participante, e submetidos à análise iterativa. Esta investigação teve por base a adoção de um paradigma construtivista para gerar uma Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados explicativa da mudança na assistência ao doente confuso. O refinamento diagnóstico, com a introdução da Escala de Confusão Neecham; a consideração de condições como o status funcional e a resposta comportamental, que influem na identificação de problemas co-relacionados, como por exemplo, risco de queda; e a implementação de intervenções, como a Orientação para a Realidade e a Terapia de Validação, alicerçadas numa estrutura de apoio à decisão clínica dos enfermeiros, tradutoras de mudanças nas práticas de cuidados, teve impacto positivo sobre os doentes: a) melhoria objetiva na qualidade do diagnóstico; b) consciencialização da natureza das intervenções mobilizáveis para lidar com a ‘confusão’ do doente, muito para além do que existia; c) quantidade e qualidade dos itens de informação (representação na documentação) muito superior; d) definição de um modelo de abordagem a diferentes tipos de doentes com ‘confusão’; e em termos de validação, e) as intervenções que contribuíram para ganhos em saúde; f) capacidade do modelo para interferir positivamente na prevenção da queda; e g) opinião positiva dos enfermeiros relativamente ao sistema.
Response of the high‐resolution Chinese loess grain size record to the 50°N integrated winter insolation during the last 500,000 years
Authors: Chen Jiasheng , Liu Xiuming , Kravchinsky Vadim A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe global ice volume change regulates the Earth's climate and has been characterized by 100,000 year cycles over the last 700,000 years. The Asian inland winter climate change is proposed to show primary 100,000 year cycles that mimic ice volume changes. Here we calibrate the age of a high‐resolution grain size record over the last 500,000 years with a grain size age model. The results show a primary 41,000 year cycle and a weaker 100,000 year cycle during the last ~ 500,000 years. We suggest that the primary 41,000 year cycle in the grain size record can be ascribed to the 50°N integrated winter insolation. Our findings suggest that ice volume changes have a limited effect on the Asian inland winter climate. Asian continental winter climate changes respond to the 50°N integrated winter insolation in addition to ice volume changes.
Detections and geologic context of local enrichments in olivine on Vesta with VIR/Dawn data
Authors: Ruesch Ottaviano , Hiesinger Harald , De Sanctis Maria Cristina , Ammannito Eleonora , Palomba Ernesto , Longobardo Andrea , Zambon Francesca , Tosi Federico , Capria Maria Teresa , Capaccioni Fabrizio , Frigeri Alessandro , Fonte Sergio , Magni Gianfranco , Raymond Carol A. , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe magmatism characterizing the early history of the asteroid Vesta has long been investigated with the mafic and ultramafic meteorites howardite, eucrite, and diogenite (HED). The lack of geologic context for the meteorites, however, has limited its understanding. Here we use the visible to near‐IR (VIR) orbital observations of Vesta's surface to detect relative enrichments in olivine and to study the associated geologic features. Because the near‐IR signature of olivine on Vesta's surface is subtle relative to the widespread pyroxene absorption bands, a method was developed to distinguish olivine enrichments from admixture of pyroxenes with high Fe2+/M1, dark material, and potential Fe‐bearing glass. Relative enrichment of olivine (~<50–60 vol %) is found in 2–5 km wide, morphologically fresh areas. Our global survey reveals a dozen of these areas clustering in the eastern hemisphere of Vesta. The hemispherical coincidence with a widespread, low enrichment in diogenite‐like pyroxene suggests the presence of a distinct compositional terrain. On the central mound of the Rheasilvia impact basin, no olivine enrichment was found, suggesting the absence of an olivine‐dominated mantle above the basin's excavation depth or, alternatively, a low amount of olivine homogeneously mixed with diogenite‐like pyroxenes. Rare olivine‐enriched areas in close proximity to diogenite‐like pyroxene are found as part of material ejected by the Rheasilvia impact. Such cooccurrence is reminiscent of local, ultramafic lithologies within the crust. The possible formation of such lithologies on Vesta is supported by some HED meteorites dominated by olivine and orthopyroxene.
Vestibular responses to direct stimulation of the human insular cortex
Authors: Mazzola Laure , Lopez Christophe , Faillenot Isabelle , Chouchou Florian , Mauguière François , Isnard Jean 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveThe present study provides a functional mapping of vestibular responses in the human insular cortex.MethodsA total of 642 electrical stimulations of the insula were performed in 219 patients, using stereotactically implanted depth electrodes, during the presurgical evaluation of drug‐refractory partial epilepsy. We retrospectively identified 41 contacts where stimulation elicited vestibular sensations (VSs) and analyzed their location with respect to (1) their stereotactic coordinates (for all contacts), (2) the anatomy of insula gyri (for 20 vestibular sites), and (3) the probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps of the insula (for 9 vestibular sites).ResultsVSs occurred in 7.6% of the 541 evoked sensations after electrical stimulations of the insula. VSs were mostly obtained after stimulation of the posterior insula, that is, in the granular insular cortex and the postcentral insular gyrus. The data also suggest a spatial segregation of the responses in the insula, with the rotatory and translational VSs being evoked at more posterior stimulation sites than other less definable VSs. No left–right differences were observed.InterpretationThese results demonstrate vestibular sensory processing in the insula that is centered on its posterior part. The present data add to the understanding of the multiple sensory functions of the insular cortex and of the cortical processing of vestibular signals. The data also indicate that lesion or dysfunction in the posterior insula should be considered during the evaluation of vestibular epileptic seizures. Ann Neurol 2014;76:609–619
Experimental study of mixed CH4/CO2 hydrate formation kinetics and modeling
Authors: Zhou Xuebing , Liang Deqing , Yi Lizhi 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe gas hydrate formation process from CH4/CO2 gas mixtures was experimentally investigated in a 5.3 L stirred reactor under isothermal‐isochoric conditions in a feed pressure of 3.5 MPa at the temperature ranging from 0.0 to 4.0 °C and CH4 mole fraction in the feed gas ranging from 0.2 to 0.8. The composition changes of the gas phase were determined by gas chromatography, and a simplified kinetic model was used to calculate the gas composition changes in the hydrate phase. The results showed that the initial gas consumption rates and the total gas consumptions of each gas species were remarkably enhanced as the temperature decreased. The gas consumptions can be well described by the kinetic model with an overall average absolute deviation of 5.2%. In addition, the hydrate formation from CH4/CO2 gas mixtures exhibited a good selectivity for CO2 capture in the early stage of hydrate crystallization, especially at high temperatures. Increased CO2 concentration in the feed gas could also efficiently accelerate the hydrate formation. It was suggested that CO2 played a key function in stabilizing hydrate structure in the newly formed hydrate nuclei. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Curing copolymerization kinetics of styrene with maleated castor oil glycerides obtained from biodiesel‐derived crude glycerol
Authors: Echeverri David A. , Jaramillo Franklin , Rios Luis A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTKinetics of curing of maleated castor oil glycerides with styrene was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and rheology. The resin was synthesized from biodiesel‐derived crude glycerol. Curing rates were fitted to several empirical models (autocatalytic model, Kamal's model and a model with vitrification). The three models showed a good fitting with experimental data at conversions lower than 0.55 for temperatures ranging from 30 to 50°C. However, the model that includes vitrification showed a better fitting in the entire range of conversions and the same temperatures. At higher temperatures (50–60°C), some deviations were observed for the three models at low and high conversions. Gel times were obtained from rheological studies and the apparent activation energies were calculated thereof. Gel times were 300–2700 s. The values of apparent activation energy obtained for this castor oil‐based copolymer (47.2–52.3 kJ/mol) were within range of commercial unsaturated polyester resins. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41344.
Sleep and cognitive performance: The role of income and respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity
Authors: Staton Lori , Hinnant J. Benjamin , Buckhalt Joseph , El‐Sheikh Mona 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA health disparities view suggests that low family income status acts as a risk factor for poor cognitive functioning. A biosystems view suggests that poor sleep and poor stress response system functioning are also risk factors. These views are rarely integrated to test multiplicative risk or protective effects from social–cultural and biological variables. We investigated interactions among familial income, children's sleep and respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity (RSA reactivity, indexing parasympathetic nervous system reactivity) in the prediction of cognitive performance of school‐aged children. Participants were 282 children (146 boys; 35% African American and 65% European American; M age = 9.42 years, SD = .71). Mothers reported on family income. Children's sleep quality (efficiency) and duration (minutes) were assessed via a week of actigraphy. Children's RSA reactivity to an attention demanding and frustrating star tracing challenge was assessed in the lab. Children completed standardized cognitive assessments examining attention, processing speed, and crystallized cognitive functioning. Findings show that more optimal sleep efficiency and RSA reactivity interact to confer protection against poor cognitive performance, particularly for children from lower income homes. Results build on the literature and suggest that interactions between biological systems and socioeconomic variables are key for understanding children's cognitive performance. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1528–1540, 2014.
Rhodium‐NHC Hybrid Silica Materials as Recyclable Catalysts for [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Alkynes
Authors: Fernández Martí , Ferré Meritxell , Pla‐Quintana Anna , Parella Teodor , Pleixats Roser , Roglans Anna 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBis‐silylated dihydroimidazolium salt 1 and monosilylated imidazolium salt 2 are transformed to (NHC)RhCl(COD) complexes 3 and 4, allowing the preparation of hybrid silica materials either by sol‐gel or grafting processes. Full characterization of the materials by means of solid state NMR, N2‐sorption measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis was followed by evaluation of catalytic activity in the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of alkynes. Excellent yields of the cycloadducts are obtained for up to six consecutive cycles with the grafted material, using simple filtration to recover the catalyst. Both conventional and microwave heating prove effective for the process described.
Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Alkylidene β‐Oxo Amides by Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation
Authors: Perrone Serena , Salomone Antonio , Caroli Antonio , Falcicchio Aurelia , Citti Cinzia , Cannazza Giuseppe , Troisi Luigino 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA direct method to obtain α‐alkylidene β‐oxo amides by the palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of α‐chloro ketones in the presence of aromatic imines has been described. The methodology can be applied to a variety of C‐aryl imines bearing N‐aryl or N‐alkyl substituents. The entire process is highly stereoselective and affords the α‐alkylidene β‐oxo amides only as (Z) isomers. A mechanistic hypothesis involving an acyl‐β‐lactam intermediate has also been proposed.
Trifluoromethylated Nucleosides: A Building Block Approach to Cytotoxic Adenosine Analogues
Authors: Drexler Johannes , Groth Ulrich 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAdenosine analogue nucleosides are a fundamental part of medicinal chemistry. Tubercidin is a well‐known example, but its application is limited due to high toxicity. The development of less toxic synthetic analogues is therefore highly desirable. Here we show the synthesis of fluorinated nucleosides based on the pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine (7‐deazapurine) motif. The synthetic approach is based on an easily accessible trifluoromethylated acetoacetate and several amidines, as building blocks. This allows for simultaneous introduction of a CF3 group as well as a variety of C2 substituents for the synthesis of the heterocyclic part, including alkyl, aryl, SMe, Cl, N3 and NH2 moieties. Glycosylation of the fully pre‐functionalized heterocycles proceeds with excellent β‐selectivity. Cytotoxicities were determined using an AlamarBlue assay with HeLa S3 and Hep G2 cancer cell lines. The effect of C2 substitution was explored and a lead structure candidate with IC50 values of 90 ± 49 nM (HeLa S3) and 28 ± 9 nM (Hep G2) was identified.
Adolescent chronic pain and association to perinatal factors: Linkage of Birth Registry data with the Young‐HUNT Study
Authors: Iversen J.M. , Hoftun G.B. , Romundstad P.R. , Rygg M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the associations of birthweight, gestation and 5‐min Apgar score with self‐reported chronic nonspecific pain in a large, unselected adolescent population.MethodsThe third population‐based Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) included 8200 adolescents aged 13–19 years, constituting 78.2% of adolescents in Nord‐Trøndelag County. In the target age group, 13–18 years, data on pain frequency from 10 localizations were available from 7373 adolescents. Chronic nonspecific pain was defined as pain at least once a week during the last 3 months, not related to any known disease or injury. Chronic multisite pain was defined as chronic pain in at least three localizations, and chronic daily pain was defined as chronic pain almost every day. Perinatal data were retrieved from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, and data were available for 7120 of the 7373 adolescents. Covariates included adolescent and maternal general health measures from the HUNT study.ResultsWe found no consistent association between preterm birth and chronic pain and no clear association between birthweight and chronic pain complaints in adolescence. Post‐term birth in boys and a low 5‐min Apgar score in both sexes tended to increase the reporting of chronic pain in adolescence.ConclusionsPerinatal factors, and especially preterm birth and low birthweight, did not seem to have a major impact on pain complaints in adolescence.
THE AXIOMS AND PRINCIPAL RESULTS OF CLASSICAL TEST THEORY
Authors: Novick Melvin R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTFollowing an approach due to Guttman the axioms of the classical test theory model are shown to be derivable as constructions from a specified sampling rule and from the assumption that the observed score of an arbitrarily specified or randomly selected person may be considered as an observation of a random variable having finite and positive variance. Without further assumption the reliability of a test is defined. Parallel measurements are then independently defined, and the concept of replication is explicated. The derived axioms of the classical test theory model are then stated in a refined form of Woodbury's stochastic process notation, and the basic results of this model are derived. The assumptions of experimental independence, homogeneity of error distribution, and conditional independence are related to the classical model and to each other. Finally, a brief sketch of some stronger models assuming the independence of error and true scores or the existence of higher‐order moments of error distributions or those making specific distributional assumptions is given.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF A LOGISTIC MENTAL TEST MODEL1
Authors: Ross John 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA logistic model developed by Birnbaum was tested in two ways. First, plots of proportions of subjects in different score categories were examined for consistency with the assumption of a logistic trace line, and especially for departures from the logistic which seemed due to guessing in multiple‐choice items. The results showed that guessing seemed to have little effect. Second, an attempt was made to predict the obtained score distributions of samples of subjects on six tests from item parameters estimated on independent samples. The fits were good in all cases, despite considerable differences between the tests and some extremely odd distributions.
SHORT‐TERM MEMORY DURING STAGE‐2 SLEEP
Authors: Oltman Philip K. , Goodenough Donald R. , Koulack David , MacLin Edward , Schroeder H. Robert , Flannagan Michael 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA recently‐proposed model of dream recall phenomena (Koulack & Goodenough, 1976) assumes a short‐term memory store which functions during sleep, and from which either dreams or externally‐delivered stimuli can be retrieved if the subject is awakened during the life of the short‐term trace. To test this assumption, two experiments were designed to examine short‐term memory for auditory stimuli over intervals of uninterrupted stage‐2 sleep. A random series of single‐digit numbers was presented at the rate of one every 30 sec throughout the night, at an intensity slightly above normal conversational levels. Subjects habituated to the sound and did not awaken spontaneously. Experimental awakenings took place either at 1 sec (Experiment 1) or at 1, 5, or 10 sec (Experiment 2) after selected target stimuli, and the subjects were asked to recall which number they had heard. Significant recall was obtained over intervals of up to 10 sec, and the likelihood of recall was inversely related to reaction times to the awakening stimulus. Repeating the target numbers at 30‐sec intervals increased EEG alpha activity and K‐complex amplitude, suggesting that some form of trace persists for at least 30 sec.
AN ILLUSION OF BODY TILT IN THE ROD‐AND‐FRAME TEST
Authors: Sigman Eric , Goodenough Donald R. , Flannagan Michael 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThree experiments examined the role of illusory body tilt in the Rod‐and‐Frame Test. With both body adjustment and magnitude estimation procedures, a shift of the apparent body position occurred in the opposite direction of frame tilt. It was concluded that illusory body tilt can partially account for the rod‐and‐frame effect.
DEFINING COMPETENCE IN LEGAL PRACTICE: REPORT OF A NATIONAL SURVEY OF SOLO AND SMALL FIRM PRACTITIONERS
Authors: Powell Ramon J. , Carlson Alfred B. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAs a part of a project concerned with identifying factors that are considered in evaluating the performance of attorneys working in organizations employing large numbers of lawyers, a national sample of solo and small firm practitioners was asked to rate the appraisal factors used by large organizations with respect to their appropriateness in evaluating the performance of attorneys in practices like theirs. The sample was also asked to rate (1) the degree of importance of selected skills or tasks to their own practice situations, (2) the level of difficulty of various problems in terms of accomplishing what should be done in their practice, and (3) the degree of importance of certain deficiencies of other lawyers based on their assessment of how other lawyers perform. All of the large organization evaluation factors were felt to be at least “probably appropriate” by more than two‐thirds of the respondents. Overall, the results suggest that there is a set of skills and characteristics that a majority of the sample considers important to competent practice, with relatively few variations based on practice setting, region, type of practice, date of admission to the bar, and firm size.