bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of equilibrium and kinetics of human polyclonal immunoglobulin G adsorption on a tentacle cation exchanger
Authors: Wrzosek Katarzyna , Ačai Pavel , Gramblička Michal , Polakovič Milan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAdsorption of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) on a commercial cation exchanger with a grafted polymer layer was investigated at pH 4.5 and in the NaCl concentration range of 0–150 mM. Adsorption equilibrium was determined in static batch experiments and verified in batch uptake experiments. Parameters of the Langmuir isotherm were estimated for each salt concentration separately. The batch uptake experiments provided also the estimates of effective pore diffusion coefficients of IgG for individual protein and salt concentrations. The values of the effective pore diffusion coefficient depended strongly on both factors. They increased by about 5–15 times with the NaCl concentration and decreased about three times with the protein concentration. The quality of the estimated parameters was confirmed by frontal experiments described by the general rate model of chromatography.
An update on non-epileptic seizures: Diagnosis and brief notes on treatment
Authors: Engelsen Bernt , Gramstad Arne , Lillebø Atle , Karlsen Bjørn 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Non-epileptic seizures (NES) are episodes that appear as epileptic seizures, but are not caused by epileptic discharges in the brain. The inclusion of NES in the differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures is important, as an accurate diagnosis is required for the administration of appropriate treatment. NES in the differential diagnosis may be classified as (1) physiologic or pathophysiologic NES, e.g. syncope, sleep disturbances, motor symptoms, migraine attacks, etc., and (2) psychogenic NES (PNES), e.g. affective disorders with anxiety or panic, dissociative disorders (somatoform or conversion) as well as depression or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PNES is the condition most frequently misdiagnosed as epilepsy. We report NES as experienced in our epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) for adults in the neurology department of a university hospital in Norway. Our main emphasis is on PNES, highlighting the diagnostic procedures, currently recommended treatment options, and follow-up. A team approach with video-EEG monitoring and clinical observation by trained nurses, epileptologists and other personnel is preferred in the diagnosis and treatment of PNES. Evaluations are performed by a neuropsychologist and trained social worker. The EMU closely cooperates with cardiologists and sleep center specialists. They can also refer patients to psychosomatic medicine specialists. Components of the differential diagnosis addressed are syncope, motor symptoms, sleep disorders, migraine and other paroxysmal neurological symptoms.
Serotonin transporter genotype by environment: Studies on alcohol use and misuse in non-human and human primates
Authors: Todkar Aniruddha , Nilsson Kent , Oreland Lars , Hodgins Sheilagh , Comasco Erika 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Much evidence indicates that gene-by-environment interactions (GxE) play a role in alcohol misuse. It has been proposed that interactions between serotonin and stress confer vulnerability for alcohol misuse. The present review examined studies of the interaction between the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype and stressful life events and alcohol-related phenotypes, in rhesus monkeys and humans. Ten studies were found that had investigated the interaction of 5-HTTLPR and various measures of stress and alcohol use or misuse, two studies of rhesus monkeys, and eight of humans. The results are contradictory. Important differences were reported in study samples, experimental designs, measures used to assess environmental variables, definitions and measurements of alcohol-related phenotypes, and in the statistical analyses. These differences may explain the contradictory results. Guidelines for future studies are suggested. Results are discussed in light of findings from molecular, non-human animal, and clinical studies. The review highlights the need for future studies examining associations of interactions between the serotonin transporter gene and environmental factors and alcohol misuse, especially in samples followed over time.
Functional reorganization oF the primary motor cortex in a patient with a large arteriovenous malFormation involving the precentral gyrus
Authors: Radoš Milan , Nikić Ines , Radoš Marko , Kostović Ivica , Hof Patrick , Šimić Goran 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
It is known that the brain can compensate for deficits induced by acquired and developmental lesions through functional reorganization of the remaining parenchyma. Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) usually appear prenatally before a functional regional organization of the brain is fully established and patients generally do not present with motor deficits even when the AVM is located in the primary motor area indicating the redistribution of functions in cortical areas that are not pathologically altered. Here we present reorganization of the motor cortex in a patient with a large AVM involving most of the left parietal lobe and the paramedian part of the left precentral gyrus that is responsible for controlling the muscles of the lower limbs. Functional MRI showed that movements of both the right and left feet activated only the primary motor cortex in the right hemisphere, while there was no activation in the left motor cortex. This suggests that complete ipsilateral control over the movements of the right foot had been established in this patient. A reconstruction of the corticospinal tract using diffusion tensor imaging showed a near-complete absence of corticospinal fibers from the part of the left precentral gyrus affected by the AVM. From this clinical presentation it can be concluded that full compensation of motor deficits had occurred by redistributing function to the corresponding motor area of the contralateral
Expression of 5HT-related genes after perinatal treatment with 5HT agonists
Authors: Blažević Sofia , Hranilović Dubravka 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Serotonin (5HT) is a biologically active amine with diverse roles in the mammalian organism. Developmental alterations in 5HT homeostasis could lead to exposure of the developing brain to non-optimal serotonin concentrations that may result in developmental and behavioral deficits. In order to explore the molecular basis of the effects of developmental disturbances on 5HT metabolism on adult central 5HT homeostasis, observed in our previous studies, we measured changes in gene expression of the neuronal 5HT-regulating proteins in adult animals after perinatal treatment with the immediate 5HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP, 25 mg/kg), or monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP 2 mg/kg), during the period of the most intensive development of 5HT neurons — from gestational day 12 until postnatal day 21. Adult animals were sacrificed and the relative mRNA levels for tryptophan hydroxylase 2, MAO A, MAO B, receptors 5HT1A and 5HT2A, 5HT transporter (5HTT) and vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) were determined in the raphe nuclei region and prefrontal cortex using Real-Time Relative qRT-PCR. In comparison to the saline treated animals, treatment with 5HTP caused mild but significant increase in MAO A and MAO B mRNA abundance. TCP-treated animals, besides an increase in mRNA abundance for both MAO genes, displayed significantly increased 5HTT and VMAT2 mRNA levels and significantly decreased 5HT1A receptor mRNA levels. Our results suggest that perinatal exposure of rats to 5HTP, and especially TCP, induces long-lasting/permanent changes in the expression of 5HT-regulating genes, that presumably underlie 5HT-related neurochemical and behavioral changes in adult animals.
Engineering properties of cement mortar with pond ash in South Korea as construction materials: from waste to concrete
Authors: Jung Sang , Kwon Seung-Jun 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Among the wastes from coal combustion product, only fly ash is widely used for mineral mixture in concrete for its various advantages. However the other wastes including bottom ash, so called PA (pond ash) are limitedly reused for reclamation. In this paper, the engineering properties of domestic pond ash which has been used for reclamation are experimentally studied. For this, two reclamation sites (DH and TA) in South Korea are selected, and two domestic PAs are obtained. Cement mortar with two different w/c (water to cement) ratios and 3 different replacement ratios (0%, 30%, and 60%) of sand are prepared for the tests. For workability and physical properties of PA cement mortar, several tests like flow, setting time, and compressive strength are evaluated. Several durability tests including porosity measuring, freezing and thawing, chloride migration, and accelerated carbonation are also performed. Through the tests, PA (especially from DH area) in surface saturated condition is evaluated to have internal curing action which leads to reasonable strength development and durability performances. The results show a potential applicability of PA to concrete aggregate, which can reduce consuming natural resources and lead to active reutilization of coal product waste.
Urethritis and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Golušin Zoran , Levakov Olivera , Jeremić Biljana 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Urethritis is a clinical syndrome which is characterized by mucopurulent or purulent urethral discharge with or without dysuria, due to an increased number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the anterior urethra. Antimicrobial therapy and preventive measures are essential in the management of bacterial urethritis. However, these drugs may cause antimicrobial resistance, resulting in unsuccessful treatment and complications of urethritis. Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics is well known for decades, and in recent years there are more cases of resistance of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium to different antibiotics. There is a danger that in the future certain strains of N. gonorrhoeae will be resistant to all available antimicrobial agents, unless new antibiotics to which resistance will not develop rapidly or an effective vaccine are developed.
La démocratie a-t-elle encore une dimension épistémique ? Recherche empirique et théorie normative (2)
Authors: Habermas Jürgen , Aubert Isabelle , Genel Katia 
Published: June 2013

Après avoir comparé le modèle délibératif de la démocratie aux modèles libéral et républicain, j’envisage les possibles renvois à la recherche empirique, puis j’examine les preuves empiriques qui peuvent soutenir l’hypothèse selon laquelle la délibération politique développe un potentiel de recherche de la vérité. Les parties principales du texte servent à lever les doutes que l’on peut avoir de prime abord concernant le contenu empirique et l’applicabilité du modèle communicationnel de la politique délibérative (Introduction, sections I, II, III). Deux conditions critiques sont dégagées : une communication politique médiatisée dans l’espace public peut favoriser les processus de légitimation délibérative dans des sociétés complexes à condition premièrement qu’un système des médias autorégulé gagne son indépendance à l’égard de l’environnement social et deuxièmement que des publics anonymes garantissent un feed-back entre les discussions d’une élite informée et une société civile réactive (sections IV, V, VI, VII). [N. d. T. : La traduction de ce texte paraît dans deux numéros de Participations . L’introduction et les sections I, II, III ont été traduites dans le n? 2012-3 ; les sections IV, V, VI et VII le sont dans ce n? 2013-1].
L'exercice de la citoyenneté. Délibération, participation et éducation démocratiques
Authors: Vitiello Audric 
Published: June 2013

La conception délibérative de la démocratie appelle une réforme des institutions politiques, mais aussi une redéfinition conceptuelle de la logique démocratique. En plaçant la formation au cœur de la pratique civique, la délibération entraîne les opinions et les subjectivités sur la pente dynamique d’une citoyenneté processuelle. Cette interpénétration des logiques éducative et politique ne va pas sans difficultés : d’abord, les effets de la délibération ne sont pas univoques, mais dépendent de l’interaction de dispositifs et de publics toujours singuliers ; ensuite, la participation démocratique paraît animée d’une logique complexe, pratico-poiétique, suivant un schéma dialectique où d’une hétéronomie formatrice doit émerger l’autonomie civique. D’où une imperfection essentielle aux dispositifs délibératifs, qui constituent moins un nouveau modèle démocratique qu’une nouvelle façon de concevoir la démocratie : une réalisation expérimentale, toujours singulière, sans cesse perfectible.
Microenvironments in Tuberculous Granulomas Are Delineated by Distinct Populations of Macrophage Subsets and Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Arginase Isoforms
Authors: Mattila Joshua T. , Ojo Olabisi O. , Kepka-Lenhart Diane , Marino Simeone , Kim Jin Hee , Eum Seok Yong , Via Laura E. , Barry Clifton E. , Klein Edwin , Kirschner Denise E. , Morris Sidney M. , Lin Philana Ling , Flynn JoAnne L. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Macrophages in granulomas are both antimycobacterial effector and host cell for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yet basic aspects of macrophage diversity and function within the complex structures of granulomas remain poorly understood. To address this, we examined myeloid cell phenotypes and expression of enzymes correlated with host defense in macaque and human granulomas. Macaque granulomas had upregulated inducible and endothelial NO synthase (iNOS and eNOS) and arginase (Arg1 and Arg2) expression and enzyme activity compared with nongranulomatous tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated macrophages adjacent to uninvolved normal tissue were more likely to express CD163, whereas epithelioid macrophages in regions where bacteria reside strongly expressed CD11c, CD68, and HAM56. Calprotectin-positive neutrophils were abundant in regions adjacent to caseum. iNOS, eNOS, Arg1, and Arg2 proteins were identified in macrophages and localized similarly in granulomas across species, with greater eNOS expression and ratio of iNOS/Arg1 expression in epithelioid macrophages as compared with cells in the lymphocyte cuff. iNOS, Arg1, and Arg2 expression in neutrophils was also identified. The combination of phenotypic and functional markers support that macrophages with anti-inflammatory phenotypes localized to outer regions of granulomas, whereas the inner regions were more likely to contain macrophages with proinflammatory, presumably bactericidal, phenotypes. Together, these data support the concept that granulomas have organized microenvironments that balance antimicrobial anti-inflammatory responses to limit pathology in the lungs.
SARM Is Required for Neuronal Injury and Cytokine Production in Response to Central Nervous System Viral Infection
Authors: Hou Ying-Ju , Banerjee Rebecca , Thomas Bobby , Nathan Carl , García-Sastre Adolfo , Ding Aihao , Uccellini Melissa B. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Four of the five members of the Toll/IL-1R domain–containing adaptor family are required for signaling downstream of TLRs, promoting innate immune responses against different pathogens. However, the role of the fifth member of this family, sterile α and Toll/IL-1R domain–containing 1 (SARM), is unclear. SARM is expressed primarily in the CNS where it is required for axonal death. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans have also shown a role for SARM in innate immunity. To clarify the role of mammalian SARM in innate immunity, we infected SARM−/− mice with a number of bacterial and viral pathogens. SARM−/− mice show normal responses to Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and influenza virus, but show dramatic protection from death after CNS infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. Protection correlates with reduced CNS injury and cytokine production by nonhematopoietic cells, suggesting that SARM is a positive regulator of cytokine production. Neurons and microglia are the predominant source of cytokines in vivo, supporting a role for SARM as a link between neuronal injury and innate immunity.
A Unified Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Continuum and Rarefied Flows III: Microflow Simulations
Authors: Huang Juan-Chen , Xu Kun , Yu Pubing 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDue to the rapid advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), the study of microflows becomes increasingly important. Currently, the molecular-based simulation techniques are the most reliable methods for rarefied flow computation, even though these methods face statistical scattering problem in the low speed limit. With discretized particle velocity space, a unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS) for entire Knudsen number flow has been constructed recently for flow computation. Contrary to the particle-based direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, the unified scheme is a partial differential equation-based modeling method, where the statistical noise is totally removed. But, the common point between the DSMC and UGKS is that both methods are constructed through direct modeling in the discretized space. Due to the multiscale modeling in the unified method, i.e., the update of both macroscopic flow variables and microscopic gas distribution function, the conventional constraint of time step being less than the particle collision time in many direct Boltzmann solvers is released here. The numerical tests show that the unified scheme is more efficient than the particle-based methods in the low speed rarefied flow computation. The main purpose of the current study is to validate the accuracy of the unified scheme in the capturing of non-equilibrium flow phenomena. In the continuum and free molecular limits, the gas distribution function used in the unified scheme for the flux evaluation at a cell interface goes to the corresponding Navier-Stokes and free molecular solutions. In the transition regime, the DSMC solution will be used for the validation of UGKS results. This study shows that the unified scheme is indeed a reliable and accurate flow solver for low speed non-equilibrium flows. It not only recovers the DSMC results whenever available, but also provides high resolution results in cases where the DSMC can hardly afford the computational cost. In thermal creep flow simulation, surprising solution, such as the gas flowing from hot to cold regions along the wall surface, is observed for the first time by the unified scheme, which is confirmed later through intensive DSMC computation.
Stability-Indicating Methods for the Determination of Candesartan Cilexetil in Bulk Drug and Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Issa Yousry M , Hussien Emad M , Ibrahim Magda M , Abdel-Gawad Fatma M , Barakat Saadia 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Two stability-indicating methods were developed for the determination of candesartan cilexetil in the presence of its degradation products. The first method uses isocratic RP-HPLC with an Agilent C18 column. The mobile phase was phosphate buffer (pH = 2.8 ± 0.1)–acetonitrile (60 + 40, v/v). The flow rate was 2.0 mL/min, and the UV detection was at 254 nm. The second method depends on TLC-densitometric measurements of drug spots at 254 nm. The separation was carried out on silica gel 60 F254 plates using ethyl acetate–methanol–toluene– ammonia 33% (40 + 25 + 20 + 2, v/v/v/v) mobile phase. The methods were validated according to U.S. Pharmacopeia guidelines, and the acceptance criteria for accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, robustness, LOD, LOQ, and system suitability were met in all cases. Linear ranges of the methods were 10.0–200.0 μg/mL and 1.0–9.0 μg/spot for HPLC and TLC, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the drug in bulk powder, in laboratory-prepared mixtures with its degradation products, and in commercially available tablets. The results were compared statistically at the 95% confidence level with each other. There were no significant differences between the mean recovery and precision of the two methods.
The shape of the placental surface at birth and colorectal cancer in later life
Authors: Barker David J. P. , Osmond Clive , Thornburg Kent L. , Kajantie Eero , Eriksson Johan G. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesMany chronic diseases, including certain cancers, may originate through variations in the supply of nutrients to the fetus. These variations change gene expression and permanently set the structure and function of the body, a process known as programming. Fetal nutrition depends on the mother's metabolism and nutritional reserves, and on the placenta's ability to transfer nutrients from mother to baby. In this study, we examine how colorectal cancer is related to maternal and placental characteristics.MethodsWe ascertained 275 cases of colorectal cancer among the 20,431 people in the Helsinki Birth Cohort, who were born during 1924–1944 and whose body size at birth was recorded, together with the shape and size of the placenta.ResultsHazard ratios for colorectal cancer increased as the placental surface became longer and more oval. The hazard ratio was 2.3 (95% CI 1.2–4.7) among people in whom the difference between the length and breadth of the surface exceeded 6 cm, compared with those in whom there was no difference. Colorectal cancer was unrelated to other placental measurements or to body size at birth.ConclusionAn oval placental surface at birth is associated with later colorectal cancer. The shape of the placental surface is determined by events at around 8–12 weeks gestation. We speculate that, if the spiral arteries open prematurely, the surface becomes more oval and the fetus is at risk of oxidative damage at a time when the colon is differentiating. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:566–568, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of kevlar‐supported novel polypropylene membranes: Effect of the concentration of the nucleating agent on the properties and performance
Authors: Iqbal Nadeem , Ahmad Nasir M. , Sagar Sadia , Iqbal Faisal , Tareen Mohammad H. K. , Khan Taimoor A. , Mehfooz Saad , Khan M. Bilal , Jameel Tahir 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTNovel membranes were fabricated with woven Kevlar fabric sandwiched between two isotactic polypropylene layers and with various concentrations of adipic acid as the nucleating agent (NA). A thermally induced phase‐separation dip‐coating method was adopted to generate and control the microporosity in the developed membranes. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to directly observe and confirm the morphologies and micropores in the fabricated membranes. We observed that with an increase in the concentration of the NA in the fabricated membranes, both the pore density and pore size decreased. The average pore sizes were observed to be 1.686, 0.925, 0.372 μm, respectively, for 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 pphr concentrations of the NA, respectively. The flux characteristics of the prepared membranes were also tested at various pressures with water, methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol as solvents in a custom‐made filtration cell. The results obtained indicate the dependence of the flux on the type of solvent, pressure, and membrane. The flux for the solvents was observed to decrease with increasing concentrations of NA in the prepared membranes and was attributed to the decrease in the pore density and pore size. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2821–2831, 2013