bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Management of Hospital Evacuations Caused by Hurricane Rita: A Systematic Investigation
Authors: Downey Erin L. , Andress Knox , Schultz Carl H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntroductionHurricanes remain a major threat to hospitals throughout the world. The authors attempted to identify the planning areas that impact hospital management of evacuations and the challenges faced when sheltering-in-place.MethodsThis observational, retrospective cohort study examined acute care institutions from one hospital system impacted by Hurricane Rita in 2005. Investigators used a standardized survey instrument and interview process, previously used in the hospital evacuation context, to examine hospitals’ initial internal situational awareness and subsequent decision making that resulted in evacuation due to Hurricane Rita. Participants from each hospital included representatives from senior leadership and clinical and nonclinical staff that comprised the Incident Management Team (IMT). The main measured outcomes were responses to 95 questions contained in the survey.ResultsSeven of ten eligible hospitals participated in the study. All facilities evacuated the sickest patients first. The most significant factors prompting evacuation were the issuing of mandatory evacuation orders, storm dynamics (category, projected path, storm surge), and loss of regional communications. Hospitals that sheltered-in-place experienced staff shortages, interruptions to electrical power, and loss of water supplies. Three fully-evacuated institutions experienced understaffing of 40%-60%, and four hospitals sustained depressed staffing levels for over four weeks. Five hospitals lost electricity for a mean of 4.8 days (range .5-11 days). All facilities continued to receive patients to their Emergency Departments (EDs) while conducting their own evacuation.ConclusionHospital EDs should plan for continuous patient arrival during evacuation. Emergency Operation Plans (EOPs) that anticipate challenges associated with evacuation will help to maximize initial decision making and management during a crisis situation. Hospitals that shelter-in-place face critical shortages and must provide independent patient care for prolonged periods.DowneyEL, AndressK, SchultzCH. Initial management of hospital evacuations caused by Hurricane Rita: a systematic investigation. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(3):1-7.
Accretion disk and stream origin of the dip phenomenon in Hercules X-1
Authors: Leahy D. A. , Igna C. D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer has observed Hercules X-1 over a period of about 13 years, allowing detailed measurement of the properties of the dip phenomenon. We construct a model for the dips based on the impact between the accretion stream and the disk, including the geometry and dynamics of the stream and disk. We also consider the case where the stream penetrates the outer parts of the disk, where its density is low, and proceeds to a second impact at smaller radius in the disk. The results from the model are discussed and compared to the observed properties of the dips.
Non-geodesic orbital and epicyclic frequencies in vicinity of slowly rotating magnetized neutron stars
Authors: Bakala Pavel , Urbanec Martin , Šrámková Eva , Stuchlík Zdeněk , Török Gabriel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe study non-geodesic corrections to the quasicircular motion of charged test particles in the field of magnetized slowly rotating neutron stars. The gravitational field is approximated by the Lense-Thirring geometry, the magnetic field is of the standard dipole character. Using a fully-relativistic approach we determine influence of the electromagnetic interaction (both attractive and repulsive) on the quasicircular motion. We focus on the behaviour of the orbital and epicyclic frequencies of the motion. Components of the four-velocity of the orbiting charged test particles are obtained by numerical solution of equations of motion, the epicyclic frequencies are obtained by using the standard perturbative method. The role of the combined effect of the neutron star magnetic field and its rotation in the character of the orbital and epicyclic frequencies is discussed.
Very young neutron stars and millisecond pulsars: the role of the accretion
Authors: Kholtygin Alexander F. , Igoshev Andrei P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe consider the evolution of the very young neutron stars (NS) with moderate and low magnetic field values around 1E8 G to know how large is the share of the these objects among the those attributed as the millisecond pulsars (MSP). To exclude the contamination of accreted NS and young NS with moderate magnetic fields we study the observational evidences of the accretion on NS in the binary systems and different methods of age determinations. It was concluded that only central compact objects are appropriate candidates for NSs with small initial magnetic fields.
WKB thresholds of standard, helical, and azimuthal magnetorotational instability
Authors: Kirillov Oleg , Stefani Frank 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe consider rotating flows of an electrically conducting, viscous and resistive fluid in an external magnetic field with arbitrary combinations of axial and azimuthal components. Within the short-wavelength approximation, the local stability of the flow is studied with respect to perturbations of arbitrary azimuthal wavenumbers. In the limit of vanishing magnetic Prandtl number (Pm) we find that the maximum critical Rossby number (Ro) for the occurrence of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) is universally governed by the Liu limit ${\rm Ro}_{Liu}=2-2\sqrt{2}\approx -0.828$ which is below the value for Keplerian rotation RoKepler = −0.75.
Magnetic field evolution in magnetars and its implication to accreting system
Authors: Kojima Yasufumi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe evolution of magnetic field is numerically studied for an isolated magnetar, assuming vacuum exterior. Nonlinear coupling between poloidal and toroidal components of the magnetic field can be seen in the initial Hall-drift timescale. Consequently, the polar field at the surface is highly distorted during the phase. This result is suggestive. Fixed dipole magnetic field has been used so far in the theoretical study of the interaction between magnetosphere and accreting matter. In the accretion to magnetar, time-dependent polar magnetic field should be taken into account.
Cosmological Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes: Mass Functions and Spins
Authors: Li Yan-Rong , Wang Jian-Min , Ho Luis C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe derive the mass function of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) over the redshift range 0 > z ≲ 2, using the latest deep luminosity and mass functions of field galaxies. Applying this mass function, combined with the bolometric luminosity function of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), into the the continuity equation of SMBH number density, we explicitly obtain the mass-dependent cosmological evolution of the radiative efficiency for accretion. We suggest that the accretion history of SMBHs and their spins evolve in two distinct regimes: an early phase of prolonged accretion, plausibly driven by major mergers, during which the black hole spins up, then switching to a period of random, episodic accretion, governed by minor mergers and internal secular processes, during which the hole spins down. The transition epoch depends on mass, mirroring other evidence for “cosmic downsizing” in the AGN population.
IX Draconis, ER UMa-type dwarf nova
Authors: Otulakowska-Hypka M. , Olech A. , de Miguel E. , Rutkowski A. , Koff R. , Bakowska K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe present results of our world-wide observing campaign which was dedicated to one of the most active dwarf novae, IX Draconis. We investigated photometric behaviour of the system to derive its basic parameters. This study is important in the context of our understanding of the accretion process of IX Draconis, as well as other active cataclysmic variables, especially those from the still poorly studied type of ER UMa stars.
How do red giants respond to mass loss?
Authors: Pavlovskii Konstantin , Ivanova Natalia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMany interacting binaries start their mass exchange when a donor overfilling its Roche lobe has evolved to a giant branch. The response of the donor's radius to the mass loss as compared to the response of its Roche lobe determines the fate of the binary system – whether it will proceed with a stable mass transfer, or experience dramatic common envelope event. Recent studies of responses of realistic giant's stellar models to a fast mass loss showed that this response is not purely adiabatic as previously thought but depends on the behavior of giant's superadiabatic surface layer. In this contribution, we explore in further details how an interplay between superadiabatic layer's thermal timescale and the dynamic timescale of the donor affects the donor's mass loss. We also find that the initiation of the mass loss causes mass loss induced pulsations.
Microlensing evidence for super-Eddington disk accretion in quasars
Authors: Shakura Nikolai I. , Abolmasov Pavel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGravitational microlensing by the stellar population of lensing galaxies provides an important opportunity to spatially resolve the accretion disk structure in strongly lensed quasars. Some of the objects (like Einstein's cross) are reasonably consistent with the predictions of the standard accretion disk model. In other cases, the size of the emitting region is larger than predicted by the standard thin disk theory and practically independent on wavelength. This may be interpreted as an observational manifestation of an optically-thick scattering envelope possibly related to super-Eddington accretion with outflows.
The Cyclotron Resonance Scattering Features In Neutron Star Binaries Observed By INTEGRAL
Authors: Wang Wei 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCyclotron resonance scattering features (CRSF) are the direct observational evidence for the strongly magnetized neutron stars. Since the first detection of the absorption line in the X-ray source Her X-1 thirty years ago, more than ten sources are indentified as the strongly magnetized neutron stars through detecting CRSFs. INTEGRAL is the new X-ray/gamma-ray mission with good angular resolution, high sensitivity and spectral resolution in the range of 18 C 200 keV, so that it provides us a good chance to detect the CRSFs in neutron star systems. INTEGRAL has confirmed the line features in 5 previous known sources and discovered 4 new candidates. Physical mechanism of CRSFs and accretion physics can be probed with detailed spectral analysis.
The kHz QPOs of Neutron Stars and Millisecond Pulsars and Implications
Authors: Zhang Chengmin , Wang Dehua 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) have been found in neutron star low mass X-ray binaries (NS-LMXBs), which present the millisecond timing phenomena close to the surface of the compact objects. We briefly summarize the following contents: (1). The correlations and distributions of twin kHz QPOs; (2). The relations of high-low frequency QPOs; (3). The QPO properties of NS Atoll and Z sources; (4). No clear direct correlations between NS spins and QPOs; (5). The mechanisms of kHz QPOs; (6). The implications of kHZ QPOs, e.g., NS mass and radius, disk thickness and magnetic field of Atoll and Z source.
Increasing libraries' content findability on the web with search engine optimization
Authors: Onaifo Daniel , Rasmussen Diane 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine the phenomenon of search engine optimization (SEO) as a mechanism for improving libraries' digital content findability on the web.Design/methodology/approachThe study applies web analytical tools, such as Alexa.com, in the collection of data about Canadian libraries' visibility performance in the ranking of search engine results. Concepts from the Integrated IS&R Research Framework are applied to analyze SEO as an element within the Framework.FindingsThe results show that certain websites' characteristics do have an effect on how well libraries' websites are ranked by search engines. Notably, the reputation of a library's website and the number of its search engine indexed webpages increase its ranking on SERPs as well as the findability of its digital content.Originality/valueMost of the existing works on SEO have been confined to popular literature, outside of scholarly academic research in library and information science. Only few studies with a focus on libraries' application of SEO exist. No known study has applied an empirical approach to the examination of relevant libraries' website characteristics to determine their visibility performance on search engine result pages (SERPs). This study identified several website characteristics that can be optimized for higher SERP rankings. It also analyzed the impact of external links, as well as that of the number of indexed webpages by search engines on higher SERP rankings.
A multi‐layer matrix model of sustainable tourism
Authors: Padin Carmen , Svensson Göran 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to describe a multi‐layer matrix model of sustainable tourism.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual discussion and illustration is provided.FindingsIt incorporates multiple layers of a proposed process of sustainable tourism and areas of measurement interconnected through a series of gap and reconnection analyses.Research limitations/implicationsOpportunities for further research are offered.Practical implicationsThe paper highlights the importance of linking planning and implementation to evaluation and control, but it also stresses the importance of reconnecting back to ongoing planning and implementation, in order to make necessary revisions in the process of sustainable tourism.Originality/valueOne contribution is that sustainable tourism is not defined as a concept or construct, but as a process, since there are no achievements or progress in sustainable practices without a sequence of inter‐connected and measureable doings in the context of markets and societies. Another contribution is that the process of sustainable tourism is continuous and iterative.
A feature‐based anthropometry for garment industry
Authors: Leong Iat‐Fai , Fang Jing‐Jing , Tsai Ming‐June 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a method to automatically generate individualized body size measurements from cloud point of a body scanner. It aims to propose a fast, reliable, and unambiguous method to obtain human body measurements for use in the garment industry.Design/methodology/approachBased on a previous study by the authors, geometric features on the scanned body are identified by computerized algorithms through mathematical definitions. Feature lines situated on the human body surface are created as polylines that pass through the body's features and three types of computer measurements (tape‐measurement, contour‐measurement, and linear‐measurement) are provided.FindingsBy dividing the body surface into rectangular patches using the feature lines as boundaries, the body can be reconstructed easily with a minimal amount of triangles while retaining the essential shape. The proposed measuring method applies to most manual measurements used in the garment industry. The authors evaluated the anthropometry variations of the same subject to explore the reliability of the proposed method. It was found that the precision of the method is well below the standard requirement of the traditional manual method.Research limitations/implicationsIn this research, subjects were scanned in standing pose; this pose minimizes regions obstructed by body parts and permits maximal acquisition of as many key landmarks. Since the features are identified by geometric analysis without the need for marker attachment, measurements of the required sitting position are impossible to obtain in the current study.Originality/valueResolution of meshing can be changed according to application requirements. Contrary to the traditional manual method, efficiency and precision are the advantages of the present method.
Micro‐enterprise:
Authors: Lockwood Sian 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis paper seeks to explore the potential of micro‐enterprises to assist local health and well‐being boards in delivering their strategies, especially in relation to tackling health inequalities, prevention and community support.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on experience gained by Community Catalysts from its work supporting social care and health micro‐enterprise across the UK. There has been little formal research into social care and health micro‐enterprise and so the paper relies heavily on data gathered by Community Catalysts in the course of its work and uses local case studies to illustrate points.FindingsThe paper explains the importance of social care and health micro‐enterprise to the work of health and well being boards, emphasising its potential to help tackle health inequalities and contribute to effective health and well‐being strategies.Originality/valueThere are no examples as yet of imaginative health and well‐being boards engaging effectively with micro‐providers, but boards can draw on learning from local authorities actively stimulating and supporting local micro‐enterprise.
Failure analysis of a copper tube in an industrial refrigeration unit: a case history
Authors: Pantazopoulos George , Zormalia Sylvia , Vazdirvanidis Athanasios 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify a failure mechanism of an industrial tube and recommend corrective actions to improve the reliability of the entire unit.Design/methodology/approachMetallurgical failure investigation process included mainly stereo‐, light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as the main analytical tools for material characterization and root cause analysis.FindingsThe investigation findings, obtained by fractographic and metallographic evaluation, suggest strongly that the failure was caused by the operation of low cycle fatigue (LCF) mechanism initiated from the inner side and propagated towards the outer tube surface, assisted by the superposition of applied and residual stress fields.Originality/valueThis paper deals with an industrial case history, providing the findings of failure investigation of a compact refrigeration system, presented principally from structural material/component standpoint and highlighting recommendations for improvement and failure prevention.
Negotiating community resilience in the city in a time of political change and deficit reduction
Authors: Mukkarram Munawwar Ali Fuad , Jones Keith 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to develop a discussion of the production of community resilience to extreme weather during the first years of a new national government, one which is cognisant of the political change and uncertainty, the legislative framework and the institutional complexity that defines the adaptation scenario in the UK and London specifically.Design/methodology/approachQualitative semi‐structured interviews and group interventions were conducted amongst regional and local authority decision‐makers in London in the period from late 2010 through to early 2011.FindingsHazard experience and political will were found to be important, interrelated drivers of community resilience. Adaptation work was found to face a tangibility problem that challenged stakeholders to make the case for its higher prioritisation in a highly economistic decision‐making process. Citywide resilience‐building schemes were observed of increasing organisational sophistication, and remained difficult to test and largely disengaged from the general public.Originality/valueThe paper offers tools to understand movement in the administrative architecture of adaptation, probing the associated inter‐agency workings. It introduces the idea of the epistemic ecology to describe and explain the multiple kinds of knowledge employed by stakeholders in the adaptation scenario, and anticipates the impacts of localism and insurance policies currently in the pipeline.
Coal utilization in India and Japan: a narrative‐analysis
Authors: Wei Lim Tai 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to construct historical perceptions of coal use in India and Japan in different historical time periods through the process of analyzing the narratives and discourses in academic, media and trade literatures.Design/methodology/approachIn terms of methodology, this paper will utilize discourse theories/analysis and interpretive history to study the subject matter. In this paper, specific literatures on energy as well as general literatures on themes like technology are utilized.FindingsThe finding of the paper is that discourses and narratives about coal energy for example are constantly negotiated, constructed and then deconstructed again to fit and adapt to new realities, including the availability of newer technologies or priorities and concerns about the environment.Originality/valueThe research implication and originality of the paper is to demonstrate empirically the idea of the existence of narrative communities debating the use of coal energy in India and Japan. It highlights the communities of stakeholders interested in coal energy resource. The practical application and value of the ideas is the intellectual process of categorizing various contemporary narratives about coal energy use specific to two of the largest consumers and importers of coal in Asia. Through historical narratives of its past and recent coal use, the role and function of coal in the overall energy mix of India and Japan are instructive. The research limitation lies in its non‐quantitative nature and reliance on a combination of academic and trade secondary sources.
Global patterns for upper ceilings on migration distance in sea turtles and comparisons with fish, birds and mammals
Authors: Hays Graeme C. , Scott Rebecca 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Some animals migrate huge distances in search of resources with locomotory mode (flying/swimming/walking) thought to drive the upper ceilings on migration distance. Yet in cross‐taxa comparisons, upper ceilings on migration distance have been ignored for one important group, sea turtles.
Using migration distances recorded for 407 adult and 4715 juvenile sea turtles across five species, we show that for adult cheloniid turtles, the upper ceiling on species migration distances between breeding and foraging habitats (1050–2850 km across species) is similar to that predicted for equivalent‐sized marine mammals and fish.
In contrast, by feeding in the open ocean, adult leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) and juveniles of all turtle species can travel around 12 000 km from their natal regions, travelling across the widest ocean basins. For juvenile turtles, this puts their maximum migration distances well beyond those expected for equivalent‐sized marine mammals and fish, but not those found in some similar sized birds.
Post‐hatchling turtles perform these long‐distance migrations to juvenile foraging sites only once in their lifetime, while adult turtles return to their breeding sites every few (generally ≥2) years. Our results highlight the important roles migration periodicity and foraging mode can play in driving the longest migrations, and the implications for Marine Protected Area planning are considered in terms of sea turtle conservation.
Effective treatment of uremic pruritus and acquired perforating dermatosis with amitriptyline
Authors: Yong Angeline , Chong Wei‐Sheng , Tey Hong Liang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGeneralised pruritus and acquired perforating dermatosis occurring in chronic kidney disease are not uncommon and are often debilitating. However, treatment options are limited. We present two patients with uremic pruritus and acquired perforating dermatosis who were successfully treated with amitriptyline.