bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond borders: Exploring the mental, emotional, and spiritual significance of Hajj
Authors: Alzeer Abdulaziz H. , Abuzinadah Jude 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For Muslims all across the world, the desire to participate in the religious rites of the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) which stands as one of the five pillars of Islam is a heartfelt longing. It stands for the pinnacle of devotion and spiritual gratification, luring followers to the most sacred city in Islam for a life-changing journey of faith, comradery, and submission to Allah. Muslims hold Mecca in the highest regard; it is a source of endless inspiration and devotion throughout their lives, as seen by their desire to undertake the Hajj and Umrah. The pilgrimage encompasses a series of synchronized rituals and acts of worship, each holding its unique spiritual meaning, and serve as a powerful testament to the universal nature of Islamic teachings. These rituals have a significant impact on Muslims’ mental and spiritual well-being. Hajj elicits a spectrum of feelings; creates unity, humility, and thankfulness; and encourages self-reflection as well as personal development. It also instills a sense of spiritual fulfillment. Hajj transcends personal boundaries, strengthening a pilgrim’s sense of connection to the larger Muslim community that rejuvenates their hearts and souls toward the teaching of Islam. Hence, it is imperative to explore in depth this transformative journey, illuminating the mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions that bind Muslims across the globe.
Application of zero-inflated Poisson model with heterogeneous random effects to evaluate the effect of oral health education on pregnant women’s dental caries: A longitudinal experimental study
Authors: Ahmadi Gooraji Somayeh , Zayeri Farid , Sharifnejad Yeganeh , Ghorbani Zahra , Deghatipour Marzie , Meymeh Maryam Heydarpour , Baghban Alireza Akbarzadeh 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Pregnant women have poor knowledge of oral hygiene during pregnancy. One problem with the follow-up of dental caries in this group is zero accumulation in the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, for which some models must be used to achieve valid results. The studied population may be heterogeneous in longitudinal studies, leading to biased estimates. We aimed to assess the impact of oral health education on dental caries in pregnant women using a suitable model in a longitudinal experimental study with heterogeneous random effects.

Materials and Methods:
This longitudinal, experimental research was carried out on pregnant women who visited medical centers in Tehran. The educational group (236 cases) received education for three sessions. The control group (200 cases) received only standard training. The DMFT index assessed oral and dental health at baseline, 6 months, and 24 months after delivery. The Chi-square test was used for comparing nominal variables and the Mann–Whitney U test for ordinal variables. The zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model was applied under heterogeneous and homogeneous random effects using R 4.2.1, SPSS 26, and SAS 9.4. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

Results:
Data from 436 women aged 15 years and older were analyzed. Zero accumulation in the DMFT was mainly related to the filled teeth (51%). The heterogeneous ZIP model fitted better to the data. On average, the intervention group exhibited a higher rate of change in filled teeth over time than the control group (P = 0.021).

Conclusion:
The proposed ZIP model is a suitable model for predicting filled teeth in pregnant women. An educational intervention during pregnancy can improve oral health in the long-term follow-up.
Laypersons’ perception of smile esthetics from different backgrounds
Authors: Najarzadegan Fereshteh , Eslamipour Faezeh 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Smile esthetics can be subjective. This study aims to assess the effect of culture/geographic location on judging smile esthetics by comparing the perception of smile characteristics between American laypersons (Western culture) and Iranians (Eastern).

Materials and Methods:
One hundred residents from each country were recruited for this analytical cross-sectional study. A frontal picture of a posed smile with standard norms which are mentioned in the Contemporary Orthodontics textbook by William R. Proffit was selected. Adobe Photoshop 7 was used to alter midline diastema, gingival display (GD), maxillary midline-to-face discrepancy, buccal corridor (BC), and smile arc. Images were given to groups to determine the most attractive and acceptable smile. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS-22 (α =0.05).

Results:
Americans were less critical in judging diastema (P < 0.001), GD (P = 0.013), and BC (P = 0.004) for smile attractiveness than Iranians. No difference was between the two groups in choosing the acceptability threshold and determining the most attractive smile except for BC (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Overall, Americans were more tolerant of variations in smile characteristics than Iranians. Both groups agreed on most smiles. Therefore, it seems that it is reasonable to use similar standards for smile characteristics while considering the small differences.
Metastatic Hidradenocarcinoma of Inguinal Region: A Cytological Diagnosis
Authors: Aden Durre , Singh Mukul , Ranga Sunil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hidradenocarcinoma is an unusual malignant tumor of the sweat gland with a high local recurrence and lymph node metastasis. They are primarily located in the head and neck, and trunk. Here, we present a case of hidradenocarcinoma recurrence with metastasis to the right inguinal region, which is a rare occurrence. In cytology, dual population of cells, consisting of eosinophilic and clear cells, can be observed, which are arranged in clusters, tubules, and papillae showing pleomorphism, along with extracellular hyaline material and necrosis. Although excision biopsy is needed for diagnosis, fine needle aspiration can be a simple and minimally invasive method in preoperative diagnosis.
Quantitative Evaluation of Lymphoid Reaction and CD8+ T Lymphocyte Count in Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) and Its Association with Grading and Staging of CRC
Authors: Lingutla Getha Rani , Arakeri Surekha Ulhas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Staging of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is based on the depth of tumor invasion, presence or absence of regional lymph node involvement, distant metastases, and differentiation. It was observed in some studies that an increase in lymphocytic infiltrate in CRC is linked with better survival. Hence, the present study was undertaken for quantitative evaluation of lymphoid reaction and CD8+T lymphocyte count in CRC.

Aims and Objectives:
To evaluate the association between peritumoral lymphoid reaction (PTLR) and CD8+T lymphocyte infiltration with grading and staging of CRC.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional, descriptive study on excised specimens of CRC received in the Department of Pathology from 2015 to 2020 was done. A total of 38 resected specimens of CRC diagnosed as adenocarcinoma on histopathology were evaluated for age, sex, tumor location, grading, and staging of the tumor. A quantitative evaluation of PTLR and CD8+ T lymphocyte marker score was done in all cases and was correlated with the grading and staging of CRC.

Results:
The mean age of patients in the present study was 52.8 years with male-to-female ratio of 1:1. The most common site was the proximal colon. The majority of the cases were moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Stage pT3 and pNo were the most common followed by stage pT2 and stage pN1. PTLR and CD8+ lymphocyte count were highest in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, in stage pT1 and stage pN0.

Conclusions:
Significant association was noted between PTLR and CD8+T lymphocyte count with grading and staging, and hence these can be considered as prognostic markers in CRC.
Peripheral Neuropathy Resembling CIDP Following Exposure to Toxic Fumes in Shoe Factory: A Case Report
Authors: Mishra Ajit P. , Sahoo Srikanta K. , Sahoo Lulup K. , Pattaniak Srimant 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Different types of solvents and adhesives are used in a shoe factory. The toxic chemicals can cause acute and chronic effects on the central and peripheral nervous system. Here, we report a case of a 25-year-old young man working as a coloring and gluing worker in a shoe factory, who presented with progressive quadriparesis following exposure of six months. Some of his coworkers also developed a similar illness. Nerve conduction velocity studies of the patient showed combined sensory and motor demyelinating and axonal polyneuropathy. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was normal. With conservative management and physiotherapy, there is a gradual improvement of the condition in the patient who can ambulate independently now.
T-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Fernandes Leena S. , Khajuria Atul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a condition in which immature white blood cells (WBCs) accumulate in the bone marrow, resulting in the crowding of normal WBCs and buildup in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. ALL is a malignancy of B or T lymphoblasts. B lymphocytes protect the body against bacteria and viruses through production of antibodies, which can directly destroy target cells or trigger others to do so. T lymphocytes directly destroy bacteria or cells infected with viruses. Approximately 20% of all ALL patients are categorized specifically to suffer from T-cell ALL (T-ALL), and it is seen to be more prevalent in the adult population in comparison with children, with incidences shown to diminish with age. Among T-ALL cases in the pediatric population, a median onset of age 9 has been identified and the disease is particularly prominent among adolescents. The disease stems from cytogenic and molecular abnormalities, resulting in disruption of developmental pathways controlling thymocyte development, tumor suppressor development, and alterations in control of cell growth and proliferation. Distinct from adult T-cell leukemia where T-cell lymphotropic virus type I causes malignant maturation of T cells, T-ALL is a precursor for lymphoid neoplasm. Its clinical presentation most commonly includes infiltration of the central nervous system and further identifies mediastinal mass presence originating from the thymus, along with extramedullary involvement of multiple organs including the lymph node as a result of hyperleukocytosis.
Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical Analysis of Sthaulyahara Ghana Vati: A Herbal Ayurveda Formulation for Obesity
Authors: Patir Nikita , Kori Virendra K. , Bhinde Sagar M. , Harisha Channappa Rudrappa , Shukla Vinay J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:

Sthaulyahara Ghana Vati (SHGV) is a polyherbal formulation, which is indicated in Sthualya (obesity) in Vaidhyasara sangraha. There are few clinical works carried out on this medicine, but no any researchers had evaluated this formulation for its quality control (QC) parameters. Pharmacopeia standards for this formulation are also not available till date.

Aim:
To evaluate SHGV through pharmacognostical, physiochemical parameters and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting.

Materials and Methods:
Preauthenticated raw drugs of SHGV were procured, and SHGV was prepared at pharmacy, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (ITRA), Jamnagar. Organoleptic parameters and microscopic analysis of SHGV were carried out at the Pharmacognosy Department, ITRA, Jamnagar. Physiochemical analysis and HPTLC of SHGV were carried out at the Pharmaceutical Laboratory, ITRA, Jamnagar.

Result:
Microscopic features of SHGV were cross-checked with Ayurvedic pharmacopeia of India standards of individual ingredients, and it was found to have characteristics of all ingredients in it. In pharmaceutical parameters, pH value was 6.0, water-soluble extract was 16.2% w/w, methanol-soluble extract was 14.9% w/w, ash value was 11.8% w/w, and loss on drying was 3.9% w/w. HPTLC at 254 and 366 nm showed six and three spots, respectively.

Conclusion:
This study has generated preliminary data on pharmacognostical, pharmaceutical parameters, and HPTLC. This fingerprinting can be useful for future researchers to reproduce this formulation and to establish QC parameter of SHGV.
Pattern and Predictors of Thyroid Dysfunction among Pediatric Endocrine Referrals at the Tertiary Care Center of Northern India: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sood Mona , Bhat Moomin Hussain , Masoodi Shariq R. , Ahmad Peerzada O. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Postiodization era has experienced a change in pediatric thyroid disorders with autoimmune disorders and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) now more frequently diagnosed. The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical spectrum of thyroid disorders among children referred to us, to ascertain characteristics that influence treatment, and to follow them for various outcome measures. An observational longitudinal study where all treatment-naïve children (<18 years) with suspected thyroid disorders were recruited. Data collected were anthropometry, serum TSH, TT4, TT3, antithyroid autoantibodies, family history, and clinical symptoms. The management was based on the clinical judgment of the endocrinologist with the first follow-up at six weeks and subsequent visits three monthly for one year. A total of 241 subjects aged 28 days to 17 years were included. Overall, SCH was the most common abnormality (39%) detected among subjects, followed by overt hypothyroidism (OH) (33%), congenital hypothyroidism (CH) (18%), and overt thyrotoxicosis (5%). A total of 85.5% (n = 204) of subjects were treated and in follow-up, 81% of them were found to be adequately managed. Comparative analysis of OH and SCH revealed pubertal age, female predominance, and the presence of autoimmunity (positive anti-TPO and anti-TG Ab) statically significant variables in the OH group. A major independent predictor of treatment in treated SCH (72/96) in comparison with nontreated SCH (24/96) was anti-TPO positivity (P = 0.029). Eight of 24 nontreated SCH were eventually treated in follow-up and positive family history was observed as a significant variable among them (P < 0.05). Subjects with CH presented at a mean age of 6 months (28 days to 2 years). However, guidelines for the management of SCH are still evolving, autoimmunity and positive family history should be considered as decisive factors while initializing treatment. Delayed presentation of CH in our study warrants active surveillance of children at birth for thyroid disorders for their mental well-being.
Revitalizing Bites – Formulation of Low-budget Nutri Crackle Rusk for Empowering Pediatric Oncology Warriors
Authors: Rajasekar Bavatharani , Kavya S , Preethi K , Manohar Shiny Lizia , Xavier Julius S. , Velraja Supriya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Nutri Crackle rusk, developed using an innovative pigmented variety of black rice flour, possesses a rich nutritional profile with essential amino acids, dietary fibers, and antioxidants, offering unique health benefits beyond traditional rice varieties. Establishing healthy eating habits during childhood cancer treatment is crucial for long-term well-being. Mindful consumption, incorporating Nutri Crackle rusk instead of empty-calorie snacks, can significantly improve the quality of life of childhood cancer survivors during their survivorship period.

Materials and Methods:
The novel Nutri Crackle rusk using black rice flour was developed under proper hygienic conditions. Semi-trained panel and consumer panel members evaluated the organoleptic properties of the developed product. Nutrient components of the formulated Nutri Crackle rusk were examined through an organoleptic assessment.

Results:
The nutrient composition of the formulated Nutri Crackle rusk was analyzed using a standard procedure. Sensory evaluation indicated positive feedback, with an overall acceptability score of 8.01. Nutrient analysis revealed a well-rounded profile, emphasizing energy provision (464.285 kcal), (11.97 g protein), (11.29 g fiber), and essential micronutrients (zinc, iron, and vitamins B1 and B2). Nutri Crackle rusk is a favorable and potentially beneficial snack for this vulnerable group.

Conclusion:
The study signifies that the novel healthy Nutri Crackle rusk is rich in fiber, zinc, iron, protein, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2. Intake of the developed Nutri Crackle rusk could be a healthy alternative for pediatric cancer patients and cancer survivors.
Effectiveness of Adolescent Interactive Education Program on Knowledge About Child Sexual Abuse and Self-Protection Among Early Adolescent Girls from Selected Urban School of Bengaluru, Karnataka
Authors: Pame Annie , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Madegowda Rajendra Kiragasur 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In India, child sexual abuse is a widespread, serious, and long-growing problem. Children are generally abused by the people known to them and less likely by strangers. A majority of people remain numb about the issues because of fear, denial from the community and social stigma and also result in less reported cases among the victims. Our aim was to assess early adolescent girl’s knowledge on child sexual abuse and self-protection and assess the effectiveness of interactive education programs. For the study, we adopted one group of pre-test and post-test designs. A total of 30 early adolescent girls from a selected school participated. The intervention consisted of interactive education program using role-play, discussion, storytelling, and audiovisual aids. Knowledge about CSA and self-protection was assessed pre- and post-intervention. There were significant changes in the knowledge score of pre-test from post-test (t = -7.632, P < 0.001) following interactive sessions. Also, the mean for self-protection was significantly lower than the post-test mean. After the intervention, there were significant changes in the knowledge score of pre-test from post-test (t = -5.722, P < 0.001). The results also show that the education of parents and monthly family income had significant association with the pre-intervention knowledge level. Interactive education program effectively increases the knowledge level on CSA and self-protection.
Qualitative Assessment for Milk Adulteration: Extent, Common Adulterants, and Utility of Rapid Tests
Authors: Garg Lakshya , Mulla Shakila 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
The adulteration of milk is an important issue that needs to be addressed because of its deleterious effects on health. Detection of adulterants in milk can be done in laboratories or by purchasing adulteration detection kits. There are few home-based rapid tests to detect common milk adulterants, which are less known by our community. Objectives of this study were to estimate the proportion of milk adulteration and to identify common adulterants, to determine the association of milk adulteration with gastrointestinal and renal diseases; and also to validate rapid home-based tests by comparing its result with standard milk adulteration detection kit.

Materials and Methods:
A community-based study was conducted on 330 medical and paramedical staff. Collected milk samples during family visits were tested by standard milk adulteration detection tests and rapid home-based tests.

Results:
Among 330 tested milk samples, 233 samples were adulterated with one or more than one adulterant. The most common adulteration observed was the addition of water to milk, followed by detergent, urea, and neutralizer. The specificity of the rapid tests was found to be almost 100% in the detection of water and detergent in milk and accuracy was above 80%; with “substantial agreement” (kappa = 0.7) between rapid tests and standard tests on kappa statistics.

Conclusion:
The present study has identified a large extent of milk adulteration and common adulterants, which may have harmful effects on health. The utility of home-based rapid tests is clearly proven to detect common adulterants.
Theoretical underpinnings of flow and its relation with academic engagement: A narrative review
Authors: Mazid Afrin , Samantaray Narendra Nath , Chaudhury Suprakash 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
In the age of digitization, the prevalence of distraction has grown significantly, particularly impacting the academic sphere and students’ overall well-being. Although previous research highlights the positive outcomes of achieving the state of flow in various contexts, its connection to academic engagement remains relatively less explored. This narrative review article seeks to bridge this gap by synthesizing existing literature to examine the conceptual overlaps and underlying principles between the state of flow and academic engagement. A total of 15 studies were included based on the following criteria: studies on flow and engagement published in English between 1973 and 2021 with a QualSyst score above 0.60. Drawing from the review, we present a conceptual framework delineating the probable conditions for achieving a state of flow to boost academic involvement, bolster student well-being, and foster academic success. It comprises factors such as having clear, well-defined goals and providing prompt feedback; each condition has a significant impact on students’ learning outcomes because of its direct effect on their sense of autonomy, control, and concentration. The implications and insights for educators in guiding students through challenging academic tasks to enhance engagement and well-being were discussed.