bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 11. Phonology: Pre-Slavic and Common Slavic Consonants
Authors: Nesset Tore 
Published: September 2015

<p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: medium;">While studying Modern Russian grammar, you have no doubt struggled with the consonant alternations in verbal stems. Why does the stem have different shapes in могу ‘I can’ and можешь ‘you can’? Why are there consonant alternations in verbs like писать ‘write’ (пишу, пишешь, пишут) and любить ‘love’ (люблю, любишь, любят)? And why are alternations characteristic of verbs, but not of nouns? In order to find answers, we have to go back in time. This chapter compares the consonant system of Contemporary Standard Russian with those of Late Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Slavic, and Old Rusian (section 11.1), and then takes you through consonant changes in Pre-Slavic (sections 11.2–11.3) and Common Slavic (sections 11.4–11.9).</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">Click on the links below to learn more!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3501/161">11.3 Ruki rule</a><br /></span></p>
Chapter 6 – Fish now or later? Population processes
Authors: Santos Jorge 
Published: September 2015

<p>QUESTIONS ASKED</p><ul><li>How to describe the life of a cohort?</li><li>How long to wait until we fish a cohort? The dilemma: catch now or later?</li><li>How to describe the sexual maturation and the recruitment processes in fish?</li></ul><p> </p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3601/168">Pop processes Growth</a></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3601/169">Pop processes Mortality</a></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3601/170">Pop processes Maturation</a></p>
Ação humana e autonomia docente: um debate com Hannah Arendt
Authors: Berticelli Ireno Antônio , Oliari Gilberto 
Published: September 2015

<p>Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir, à luz da filosofia de Hannah Arendt, a ação humana enquanto atividade do ser humano no mundo, com vistas buscar conceitos interpretativos acerca da ação docente cotidiana no processo educativo. Ao aprofundar conceitos como educação, comunicação, autonomia, ação e ação docente, buscamos entender como se dá a atividade do professor no processo educativo e como pode se dar sua autonomia de sorte a que o educando se torne partícipe efetivo na construção de sua identidade e de sua situação no mundo. </p>
OS JOVENS DE ENSINO MÉDIO E SUAS MANIFESTAÇÕES “NEOTRIBAIS” EM UM EVENTO ESPORTIVO/CULTURAL
Authors: Bungenstab Gabriel Carvalho , Almeida Felipe Quintao de 
Published: September 2015

<p>O objetivo deste artigo é entender a relação que os jovens frequentadores do ensino médio tecem com as práticas corporais realizadas no seio das instituições escolares. Para tal, analisou-se um evento esportivo/cultural ofertado para alunos do ensino médio, realizado pela Secretaria de Educação do Espírito Santo (Sedu). Foi feita uma pesquisa de campo no evento, que foi produzido na cidade de Guarapari, assim como também foram realizadas observações e entrevistas com jovens participantes. Por fim, com a ajuda dos pensamentos de Michel Maffesoli, conclui-se que os jovens assumem diferentes relações com as práticas corporais e com os outros jovens, a fim de usufruir ao máximo todos os momentos, sejam esses esportivos e/ou culturais.</p>
Architecture of North Atlantic contourite drifts modified by transient circulation of the Icelandic mantle plume
Authors: Parnell‐Turner Ross , White Nicholas J. , McCave I. Nick , Henstock Timothy J. , Murton Bramley , Jones Stephen M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOverflow of Northern Component Water, the precursor of North Atlantic Deep Water, appears to have varied during Neogene times. It has been suggested that this variation is moderated by transient behavior of the Icelandic mantle plume, which has influenced North Atlantic bathymetry through time. Thus pathways and intensities of bottom currents that control deposition of contourite drifts could be affected by mantle processes. Here, we present regional seismic reflection profiles that cross sedimentary accumulations (Björn, Gardar, Eirik, and Hatton Drifts). Prominent reflections were mapped and calibrated using a combination of boreholes and legacy seismic profiles. Interpreted seismic profiles were used to reconstruct solid sedimentation rates. Björn Drift began to accumulate in late Miocene times. Its average sedimentation rate decreased at ∼2.5 Ma and increased again at ∼0.75 Ma. In contrast, Eirik Drift started to accumulate in early Miocene times. Its average sedimentation rate increased at ∼5.5 Ma and decreased at ∼2.2 Ma. In both cases, there is a good correlation between sedimentation rates, inferred Northern Component Water overflow, and the variation of Icelandic plume temperature independently obtained from the geometry of diachronous V‐shaped ridges. Between 5.5 and 2.5 Ma, the plume cooled, which probably caused subsidence of the Greenland‐Iceland‐Scotland Ridge, allowing drift accumulation to increase. When the plume became hotter at 2.5 Ma, drift accumulation rate fell. We infer that deep‐water current strength is modulated by fluctuating dynamic support of the Greenland‐Scotland Ridge. Our results highlight the potential link between mantle convective processes and ocean circulation.
Effect of the ionosphere on the interaction between ULF waves and radiation belt electrons
Authors: Shah Asif , Waters C. L. , Sciffer M. D. , Menk F. W. , Lysak R. L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe diffusion and energization of electrons in the equatorial plane of Earth's magnetosphere by ULF waves under different ionosphere boundary conditions are examined. Using test‐particle simulations and considering intervals of weak geomagnetic activity, we find that the highest energization and minimum diffusion rates correspond to nightside ionosphere conditions. Conversely, the highest diffusion rates and minimum energization are seen for a perfectly reflecting ionosphere boundary. The maximum energies gained under dayside conditions, when Hall conductivity is included, are slightly greater than the maximum energy for similar conditions without Hall conductivity. The diffusion rates for dayside ionosphere conditions with only Pedersen conductivity are greater than the diffusion rates when Hall conductivity is included. These findings show that ULF wave‐particle interactions in Earth's magnetosphere depend on the ionosphere conductance.
Hydrologic control of dissolved organic matter concentration and quality in a semiarid artificially drained agricultural catchment
Authors: Bellmore Rebecca A. , Harrison John A. , Needoba Joseph A. , Brooks Erin S. , Kent Keller C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAgricultural practices have altered watershed‐scale dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics, including in‐stream concentration, biodegradability, and total catchment export. However, mechanisms responsible for these changes are not clear, and field‐scale processes are rarely directly linked to the magnitude and quality of DOM that is transported to surface water. In a small (12 ha) agricultural catchment in eastern Washington State, we tested the hypothesis that hydrologic connectivity in a catchment is the dominant control over the concentration and quality of DOM exported to surface water via artificial subsurface drainage. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and humic‐like components of DOM decreased while the Fluorescence Index and Freshness Index increased with depth through the soil profile. In drain discharge, these characteristics were significantly correlated with drain flow across seasons and years, with drain DOM resembling deep sources during low‐flow and shallow sources during high flow, suggesting that DOM from shallow sources bypasses removal processes when hydrologic connectivity in the catchment is greatest. Assuming changes in streamflow projected for the Palouse River (which contains the study catchment) under the A1B climate scenario (rapid growth, dependence on fossil fuel, and renewable energy sources) apply to the study catchment, we project greater interannual variability in annual DOC export in the future, with significant increases in the driest years. This study highlights the variability in DOM inputs from agricultural soil to surface water on daily to interannual time scales, pointing to the need for a more nuanced understanding of agricultural impacts on DOM dynamics in surface water.
Evaluation of Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Behaviors of Polyurethane/Mahua Seed Cake Green Composite
Authors: Madhukar B. S. , Gowda D. G. Bhadre , Madhukar B. S. , Siddaramaiah  , Somashekar R. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTTo know the possibility of using Indian butter tree seed waste (mahua seed cake [MSC]) as a filler in the production of value‐added product such as polyurethane (PU) green composites, a series of PU composites have been fabricated with varying amounts, namely, 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 wt%, of MSC, and their effects on the physicomechanical properties such as density, surface hardness, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and percentage elongation at break have been studied. It was found that the tensile strength of the green composites increased from 5.61 to 9.5 MPa and tensile modulus increased from 4.75 to 6.07 MPa with an increase in filler content from 2.5 to 7.5 wt%. The fabricated PU/MSC composites were characterized for structural behavior by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and for morphological behaviors by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical resistance of the green composites in different chemical environments has been investigated. The thermal stability and thermal degradation behaviors of composites were performed using thermogravimetric analysis. The microcrystalline parameters such as crystallite size (<N>) and lattice strain (g, %) have been computed using wide‐angle X‐ray scattering data. Based on these parameters, the structure–property relationship of the PU/MSC green composites has been established.
Effectiveness of regionalized systems for stroke and myocardial infarction
Authors: Rhudy James P. , Bakitas Marie A. , Hyrkäs Kristiina , Jablonski‐Jaudon Rita A. , Pryor Erica R. , Wang Henry E. , Alexandrov Anne W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) and ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are ischemic emergencies. Guidelines recommend care delivery within formally regionalized systems of care at designated centers, with bypass of nearby centers of lesser or no designation. We review the evidence of the effectiveness of regionalized systems in AIS and STEMI.MethodsLiterature was searched using terms corresponding to designation of AIS and STEMI systems and from 2010 to the present. Inclusion criteria included report of an outcome on any dependent variable mentioned in the rationale for regionalization in the guidelines and an independent variable comparing care to a non‐ or pre‐regionalized system. Designation was defined in the AIS case as certification by the Joint Commission as either a primary (PSC) or comprehensive (CSC) stroke center. In the STEMI case, the search was conducted linking “regionalization” and “myocardial infarction” or citation as a model system by any American Heart Association statement.ResultsFor AIS, 17 publications met these criteria and were selected for review. In the STEMI case, four publications met these criteria; the search was therefore expanded by relaxing the criteria to include any historical or anecdotal comparison to a pre‐ or nonregionalized state. The final yield was nine papers from six systems.ConclusionAlthough regionalized care results in enhanced process and reduced unadjusted rates of disparity in access and adverse outcomes, these differences tend to become nonsignificant when adjusted for delayed presentation and hospital arrival by means other than emergency medical services. The benefits of regionalized care occur along with a temporal trend of improvement due to uptake of quality initiatives and guideline recommendations by all systems regardless of designation. Further research is justified with a randomized registry or cluster randomized design to support or refute recommendations that regionalization should be the standard of care.
On the Way to New Possible Na‐Ion Conductors: The Voronoi–Dirichlet Approach, Data Mining and Symmetry Considerations in Ternary Na Oxides
Authors: Meutzner Falk , Münchgesang Wolfram , Kabanova Natalya A. , Zschornak Matthias , Leisegang Tilmann , Blatov Vladislav A. , Meyer Dirk C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWith the constant growth of the lithium battery market and the introduction of electric vehicles and stationary energy storage solutions, the low abundance and high price of lithium will greatly impact its availability in the future. Thus, a diversification of electrochemical energy storage technologies based on other source materials is of great relevance. Sodium is energetically similar to lithium but cheaper and more abundant, which results in some already established stationary concepts, such as Na‐S and ZEBRA cells. The most significant bottleneck for these technologies is to find effective solid ionic conductors. Thus, the goal of this work is to identify new ionic conductors for Na ions in ternary Na oxides. For this purpose, the Voronoi–Dirichlet approach has been applied to the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database and some new procedures are introduced to the algorithm implemented in the programme package ToposPro. The main new features are the use of data mined values, which are then used for the evaluation of void spaces, and a new method of channel size calculation. 52 compounds have been identified to be high‐potential candidates for solid ionic conductors. The results were analysed from a crystallographic point of view in combination with phenomenological requirements for ionic conductors and intercalation hosts. Of the most promising candidates, previously reported compounds have also been successfully identified by using the employed algorithm, which shows the reliability of the method.
Reversible Guest Binding in a Non‐Porous FeII Coordination Polymer Host Toggles Spin Crossover
Authors: Lennartson Anders , Southon Peter , Sciortino Natasha F. , Kepert Cameron J. , Frandsen Cathrine , Mørup Steen , Piligkos Stergios , McKenzie Christine J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFormation of either a dimetallic compound or a 1 D coordination polymer of adiponitrile adducts of [Fe(bpte)]2+ (bpte=[1,2‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)thio]ethane) can be controlled by the choice of counteranion. The iron(II) atoms of the bis(adiponitrile)‐bridged dimeric complex [Fe2(bpte)2(μ2‐(NC(CH2)4CN)2](SbF6)4 (2) are low spin at room temperature, as are those in the polymeric adiponitrile‐linked acetone solvate polymer {[Fe(bpte)(μ2‐NC(CH2)4CN)](BPh4)2⋅Me2CO} (3⋅Me2CO). On heating 3⋅Me2CO to 80 °C, the acetone is abruptly removed with an accompanying purple to dull lavender colour change corresponding to a conversion to a high‐spin compound. Cooling reveals that the desolvate 3 shows hysteretic and abrupt spin crossover (SCO) S=0↔S=2 behaviour centred at 205 K. Non‐porous 3 can reversibly absorb one equivalent of acetone per iron centre to regenerate the same crystalline phase of 3⋅Me2CO concurrently reinstating a low‐spin state.
Enantioselective Rhodium(I) Donor Carbenoid‐Mediated Cascade Triggered by a Base‐Free Decomposition of Arylsulfonyl Hydrazones
Authors: Torres Òscar , Parella Teodor , Solà Miquel , Roglans Anna , Pla‐Quintana Anna 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe reaction of diyne arylsulfonyl hydrazone substrates under rhodium(I)/BINAP catalysis gives access to sulfonated azacyclic frameworks in a highly enantioselective manner. This new cascade process considerably increases the molecular complexity by generating two CC bonds, one CS bond, and one CH bond. Theoretical calculations, competitive experiments, and deuterium labeling have jointly been used to propose a mechanism that accounts for the reaction. The mechanism involves the formation of vinyl rhodium carbenoids, hydride migratory insertion, and intermolecular stereoselective nucleophilic attack. The last two steps are the key to the stereoselectivity of the process.
Synthesis and Catalytic Use of Gold(I) Complexes Containing a Hemilabile Phosphanylferrocene Nitrile Donor
Authors: Škoch Karel , Císařová Ivana , Štěpnička Petr 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRemoval of the chloride ligand from [AuCl(1‐κP)] (2) containing a P‐monodentate 1′‐(diphenylphosphanyl)‐1‐cyanoferrocene ligand (1), by using silver(I) salts affords cationic complexes of the type [Au(1)]X, which exist either as cyclic dimers [Au(1)]2X2 (3 a, X=SbF6; 3 c, X=NTf2) or linear coordination polymers [Au(1)]nXn (3 a′, X=SbF6; 3 b′, X=ClO4), depending on anion X and the isolation procedure. As demonstrated for 3 a′, the polymers can be readily cleaved by the addition of donors, such as Cl−, tetrahydrothiophene (tht) or 1, giving rise to the parent compound 2, [Au(tht)(1‐κP)][SbF6] (5 a) or [Au(1‐κP)2][SbF6] (4 a), respectively, of which the last two compounds can also be prepared by stepwise replacement of tht in [Au(1‐κP)2][SbF6]. The particular combination of a firmly coordinated (phosphane) and a dissociable (nitrile) donor moieties renders complexes 3/3′ attractive for catalysis because they can serve as shelf‐stable precursors of coordinatively unsaturated AuI fragments, analogous to those that result from the widely used [Au(PR3)(RCN)]X catalysts. The catalytic properties of the Au‐1 complexes were evaluated in model annulation reactions, such as the synthesis of 2,3‐dimethylfuran from (Z)‐3‐methylpent‐2‐en‐4‐yn‐1‐ol and oxidative cyclisation of alkynes with nitriles to produce 2,5‐disubstituted 1,3‐oxazoles. Of the compounds tested (2, 3 a′, 3 b′, 3 a, 4 a and 5 a), the best results were consistently achieved with dimer 3 c, which has good solubility in organic solvents and only one firmly bound donor at the gold atom. This compound was advantageously used in the key steps of annuloline and rosefuran syntheses.
Synthesis Mechanism and Influence of Light on Unprotected Platinum Nanoparticles Synthesis at Room Temperature
Authors: Kacenauskaite Laura , Swane Andreas Abildgaard , Kirkensgaard Jacob Judas Kain , Fleige Michael , Kunz Sebastian , Vosch Tom , Arenz Matthias 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this Communication we present an investigation of the influence of light on the formation of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) using standard polyol synthesis reagents at room temperature. It is demonstrated that instead of thermal treatment, UV light can be used for particle formation thus opening new pathways for the synthesis of NPs with defined size distributions.
BIGhybrid: a simulator for MapReduce applications in hybrid distributed infrastructures validated with the Grid5000 experimental platform
Authors: Anjos Julio C. S. , Fedak Gilles , Geyer Claudio F. R. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryCloud computing has increasingly been used as a platform for running large business and data processing applications. Conversely, Desktop Grids have been successfully employed in a wide range of projects, because they are able to take advantage of a large number of resources provided free of charge by volunteers. A hybrid infrastructure created from the combination of Cloud and Desktop Grids infrastructures can provide a low‐cost and scalable solution for Big Data analysis. Although frameworks like MapReduce have been designed to exploit commodity hardware, their ability to take advantage of a hybrid infrastructure poses significant challenges because of their large resource heterogeneity and high churn rate. In this paper, BIGhybrid is proposed, a simulator for two existing classes of MapReduce runtime environments: BitDew‐MapReduce designed for Desktop Grids and BlobSeer‐Hadoop designed for Cloud computing, where the goal is to carry out accurate simulations of MapReduce executions in a hybrid infrastructure composed of Cloud computing and Desktop Grid resources. This work describes the principles of the simulator and describes the validation of BIGhybrid with the Grid5000 experimental platform. Owing to BIGhybrid, developers can investigate and evaluate new algorithms to enable MapReduce to be executed in hybrid infrastructures. This includes topics such as resource allocation and data splitting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon‐Supported Zirconium Oxide as a Cathode for Microbial Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Mecheri Barbara , Iannaci Alessandro , D'Epifanio Alessandra , Mauri Arianna , Licoccia Silvia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCost‐effective electrode materials to be used as cathodes in lab‐scale prototype microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were prepared from mixtures of carbon black (C) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) of different composition. The catalytic activity of these cathodes in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and their stability toward poisoning in typical MFC operative conditions were assessed by using electrochemical techniques. Scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements gave insights into sample morphology and surface area. The results indicated that the C/ZrO2 sample with a ZrO2 loading of 25 wt % (C/ZrO2_25) represents the best compromise in terms of ORR activity and stability. C/ZrO2_25 was assembled into cathodes of a prototype single‐chamber MFC, which produced a maximum power density of 600 mW m−2. A comparative cost analysis of energy production indicated that the cost of energy delivered by MFCs assembled with a C/ZrO2 cathode was more than 15 times lower than that of MFCs assembled with a reference Pt/C cathode.
Poor methodological detail precludes experimental repeatability and hampers synthesis in ecology
Authors: Haddaway Neal R. , Verhoeven Jos T.A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDespite the scientific method's central tenets of reproducibility (the ability to obtain similar results when repeated) and repeatability (the ability to replicate an experiment based on methods described), published ecological research continues to fail to provide sufficient methodological detail to allow either repeatability of verification. Recent systematic reviews highlight the problem, with one example demonstrating that an average of 13% of studies per year (±8.0 [SD]) failed to report sample sizes. The problem affects the ability to verify the accuracy of any analysis, to repeat methods used, and to assimilate the study findings into powerful and useful meta‐analyses. The problem is common in a variety of ecological topics examined to date, and despite previous calls for improved reporting and metadata archiving, which could indirectly alleviate the problem, there is no indication of an improvement in reporting standards over time. Here, we call on authors, editors, and peer reviewers to consider repeatability as a top priority when evaluating research manuscripts, bearing in mind that legacy and integration into the evidence base can drastically improve the impact of individual research reports.