bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singular value decomposition of a technology matrix
Authors: Fisher Eric O'N. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper is the first application of the singular value decomposition (SVD) in general equilibrium theory. Every technology matrix can be decomposed into three parts: a definition of composite commodities; a definition of composite factors; and a simple map of composite factor prices into composite goods prices. This technique gives an orthogonal decomposition of the price space into two complementary subspaces: vectors that generate the price cone; and a basis that describe the flats on the production possibility frontier. This decomposition can be used easily to compute Rybczynski effects.
Dynamic two‐country Heckscher–Ohlin model with externality
Authors: Iwasa Kazumichi , Nishimura Kazuo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe extend a dynamic Heckscher–Ohlin model with production externality presented in recent work by Nishimura and Shimomura by assuming a consumable capital good. Following work by Bond, Iwasa, and Nishimura, we define a steady‐state excess demand function and derive the locus of home and foreign capital stocks that are consistent with a steady‐state equilibrium under free trade. Also, we examine the relationship between externality and local dynamics in autarky or under free trade, which includes a phase diagram analysis. Then we show that opening trade can generate expectation‐driven fluctuations in a world trade market.
Coordination of tax policies toward inward foreign direct investment
Authors: Glass Amy Jocelyn , Saggi Kamal 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe study competition for foreign direct investment (FDI) between host countries and the implications of tax policy coordination between them. By reducing its tax on multinational production, a host country can attract additional FDI, some of which is diverted from other host countries. The shift in FDI causes host wages to rise while wages elsewhere fall. The host country with the lower natural attractiveness for FDI (absent intervention) adopts a smaller tax on multinational production. Coordination between hosts eliminates the FDI diversion effect and leads them to impose a harmonized FDI tax that is larger than their non‐cooperative tax levels.
Globalization and the market for high‐ability managers
Authors: Davidson Carl , Matusz Steven J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe add heterogeneous workers and search‐generated unemployment to a Melitz‐style economy. Depending on their productivity, firms choose to search exclusively for one of two types of skilled workers, or possibly undertake a broad search for either. Increased globalization changes the cost–benefit calculus of different search strategies and therefore alters the range of firms willing to implement the alternative search strategies.
Regional exhaustion of intellectual property
Authors: Saggi Kamal 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper analyzes the causes and consequences of regional exhaustion of intellectual property, a discriminatory policy under which a set of countries permit parallel imports from one another but not from the rest of the world. A three‐country model is developed in which two high‐income countries jointly choose their common exhaustion policy among national (NE), international (IE), or regional exhaustion (RE). The two high‐income countries implement RE when they are similar to each other and sufficiently high‐income relative to the third country. Restricting their choice set to only non‐discriminatory exhaustion policies (i.e., NE and IE) makes all countries worse off.
Market quality and market infrastructure in the South and technology diffusion
Authors: Furukawa Yuichi , Yano Makoto 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn his previous work, Yano defined market quality as a market performance measure combining efficiency and fairness. His theory states that market quality is supported by well‐coordinated market infrastructure, including laws, rules, and compliance as well as more basic factors such as culture, morals, and ethics. Focusing on the free‐riding aspect of technology diffusion from the North to the South, this study demonstrates that market quality in the South can be supported by the coordination of the South's intellectual property law and its basic morals towards honoring intellectual property developed in the North.
The Information Content of Dividend Surprises: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Andres Christian , Betzer Andre′ , van den Bongard Inga , Haesner Christian , Theissen Erik 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper reconsiders the issue of share price reactions to dividend announcements. We use the difference between the actual dividend and the analyst consensus forecast as obtained from I/B/E/S as a proxy for the surprise in the dividend announcement. Using data from Germany, we find significant share price reactions after dividend announcements. We use panel methods to analyze the determinants of the share price reactions and find evidence in favour of the cash flow signaling hypothesis and dividend clientele effects. We further find that the price reaction to dividend surprises is related to the ownership structure of the firm. The results do not support the free cash flow hypothesis. An additional result of our analysis is that dividend changes are not an appropriate measure to capture the information content of dividend announcements.
Orthostatic Blood Pressure Dysregulation and Polymorphisms of β‐Adrenergic Receptor Genes in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Gao Ying , Lin Yahui , Sun Kai , Wang Yibo , Chen Jingzhou , Wang Hu , Zhou Xianliang , Fan Xiaohan , Hui Rutai 
Published: February 2014

The genetic susceptibility to orthostatic blood pressure dysregulation remains poorly understood. The association between polymorphisms of beta‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) genes and orthostatic blood pressure dysregulation in hypertensive patients was investigated. Two polymorphisms of β1‐AR (Arg389/Gly) and β2‐AR (Arg16/Gly) were genotyped in untreated hypertensive patients and normotensive patients. In patients with untreated hypertension, the frequency of β1‐AR Gly389 homozygote was significantly higher in patients with orthostatic hypotension (OH) (P<.0001) and lower in patients with orthostatic hypertension (OHT) (P=.002) as compared with patients with orthostatic normotension (ONT) even after Bonferroni correction. After analysis by sex and adjustment for conventional risk factors, the β1‐AR Gly389 homozygote conferred about a 3‐fold risk of OH and independently predicted a 6.5 mm Hg greater orthostatic SBP decrease (GG −8.9±13 mm Hg vs CC+CG −2.4±12 mm Hg, P<.001) only in female hypertensive patients. The association of β2‐AR Arg16/Gly with OH was not significant after adjustment for conventional risk factors. In normotensive patients, no association was identified between these two polymorphisms and OHT or OH. These results indicated that the β1‐AR Arg389/Gly polymorphism may be associated with increased risk of OH in female hypertensive patients.
Discharge from an emergency department observation unit and a surgical assessment unit: experiences of patients with acute abdominal pain
Authors: Schultz Helen , Qvist Niels , Mogensen Christian B , Pedersen Birthe D 
Published: February 2014

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the experiences of patients with acute abdominal pain at discharge from an emergency department observation unit compared with discharge from a surgical assessment unit.BackgroundThe increase in emergency department observation units has increased short‐term admissions and changed the patient journey from admission and discharge from specialised wards staffed by specialist nurses to admission and discharge from units staffed by emergency nurses.DesignA comparative qualitative interview study.MethodsThe study included 20 patients: 10 from an emergency department observation unit and 10 from a surgical assessment unit, and took a phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach. Patients were interviewed at discharge and three months later.ResultsMore patients from the emergency department observation unit experienced readiness for discharge and had plans for follow‐up, compared with patients from the surgical assessment unit. In the surgical assessment unit, more patients were readmitted, had unanswered questions after three months and experienced a follow‐up visit at the general practitioner as insufficient. More patients from the surgical assessment unit reported receiving useful self‐care advice, compared with those from the emergency department observation unit.ConclusionThe experience of emergency department observation unit patients on discharge and follow‐up was that the health professionals were more supportive, compared with surgical assessment unit patients, who felt discharge occurred too early, but with more preparation for independent home self‐care. These results are an important factor in the patient experience of discharge from hospital and may reflect differences in specialisation of the nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceUnits discharging patients with acute abdominal pain could be inspired by scheduled fast‐track surgery programmes with structured information about admission, treatment and follow‐up and easy access to relevant health professionals after discharge.
The Efficacy of Using Photographs to Represent Attributes of Sliced Sandwich Bread in an Adaptive Choice‐Based Conjoint
Authors: Jervis S.M. , Jervis M.G. , Guthrie B. , Drake M.A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPictures to represent product concepts in surveys are a useful tool. However, this technique limits the complexity of the survey design. This study determined if pictures of individual product attributes of sliced bread products can be used to determine the utility of sliced bread in adaptive choice‐based conjoint (ACBC) analysis. Sliced sandwich bread was photographed, formatted, sized and composed for visual evaluation. All possible crust/crumb combinations (n = 36) were first presented to bread consumers (n = 1,024) in an online survey to determine their overall appearance liking. Subsequently, bread consumers (n = 891) evaluated the crust and crumb pictured attributes in an ACBC survey. Market simulations were conducted to predict bread performance. Consumers (n = 100) then evaluated commercial bread representing select levels of crust and crumb for appearance liking, and results were compared with the market simulation results to demonstrate the efficacy of the technique. Both surveys revealed crumb with seeds/flakes to be more appealing than a uniform crumb, and crust with flakes/oats was more appealing than crust with no topping. The utility scores estimated from the attribute pictures were representative of choice behavior in a consumer test.Practical ApplicationsWhole wheat breads are important in the fight against obesity by aiding in weight loss and increasing satiety. However, despite best efforts, they are underrepresented in the American diet (United States Department of Agriculture and United States Department of Health and Human Services 2010). It is important to understand how consumers currently perceive whole wheat and white breads to determine what features of bread are most attractive. The appearance of bread influences purchase intent of the consumer. Pictures, rather than descriptions of features, may be useful to determine the utility of crust and crumb attributes. Representing pictures of attributes as opposed to the entire product concept will enhance the complexity of conjoint studies allowing for more information to be gathered in a given study.
Merely a stepping stone? Professional identity and career prospects following postgraduate mental health nurse training
Authors: McCrae N. , Askey‐Jones S. , Laker C. 
Published: February 2014

Accessible summary
Accelerated mental health nurse training attracts talented graduates, many with a psychology degree.
Our study shows that such trainees feel incompatible with the nursing culture.
Consequently, professional identification is inhibited, and on qualifying these nurses may choose to develop their careers elsewhere.
Nurse educators and mentors should pay greater attention to nurturing a positive professional identity in trainees.
AbstractAlongside their attainment of knowledge and skills, nursing trainees are moulded by a professional culture and inculcated to norms of beliefs and behaviour. The process of professional identification may be inhibited by accelerated nurse training and an influx of psychology graduates potentially using mental health nursing qualification as a springboard to other career opportunities. This study explored facilitators and barriers to professional identification in newly qualified nurses of accelerated postgraduate training. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 nurses who had recently completed a postgraduate diploma in mental health nursing at King's College London. Participants identified more with the mental health field than with the broader profession of nursing. They defined their practice in terms of values rather than skills and found difficulty in articulating a distinct role for mental health nursing. Although participants had found experience in training and as a registered practitioner rewarding, they were concerned that nursing may not fulfil their aspirations. Professional identity is likely to be a major factor in satisfaction and retention of nurses. Training and continuing professional development should promote career advancement within clinical nursing practice.
Effects of light and circadian clock on growth and chlorophyll accumulation of Nannochloropsis gaditana
Authors: Braun Regina , Farré Eva M. , Schurr Ulrich , Matsubara Shizue 
Published: February 2014

Circadian clocks synchronize various physiological, metabolic and developmental processes of organisms with specific phases of recurring changes in their environment (e.g. day and night or seasons). Here, we investigated whether the circadian clock plays a role in regulation of growth and chlorophyll (Chl) accumulation in Nannochloropsis gaditana, an oleaginous marine microalga which is considered as a potential feedstock for biofuels and for which a draft genome sequence has been published. Optical density (OD) of N. gaditana culture was monitored at 680 and 735 nm under 12:12 h or 18:6 h light‐dark (LD) cycles and after switching to continuous illumination in photobioreactors. In parallel, Chl fluorescence was measured to assess the quantum yield of photosystem II. Furthermore, to test if red‐ or blue‐light photoreceptors are involved in clock entrainment in N. gaditana, some of the experiments were conducted by using only red or blue light. Growth and Chl accumulation were confined to light periods in the LD cycles, increasing more strongly in the first half than in the second half of the light periods. After switching to continuous light, rhythmic oscillations continued (especially for OD680) at least in the first 24 h, with a 50% decrease in the capacity to grow and accumulate Chl during the first subjective night. Pronounced free‐running oscillations were induced by blue light, but not by red light. In contrast, the photosystem II quantum yield was determined by light conditions. The results indicate interactions between circadian and light regulation of growth and Chl accumulation in N. gaditana.
Genotype I of hepatitis B virus was found in east Xishuangbanna, China and molecular dynamics of HBV/I
Authors: Shen T. , Yan X. M. , Liu H .X. , Zhang B. X. , Li L. , Zhang J. P. , Wang J. L. , Xiao C. J. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThere is a dearth of data about the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Mengla, China; and no detailed analysis of the molecular evolution of genotype I in Asia. In this study, 909 serum samples from ethnic minority people in China were obtained. Serological assay and HBV S‐gene amplification were carried out, and phylogenetic and evolutionary dynamics analysis of 62 HBV/I S‐gene was performed. On this survey, 153 individuals were tested HBsAg‐positive. Genotypes of S‐gene were classified into three groups: C, B and I. Under the strict model and the relax model, the estimated evolutionary rates for HBV/I were 3.74 × 10−4 and 6.93 × 10−4 substitution/site/year, respectively. However, when the geographic origin was taken into account, the mean substitution rates were increased. Estimated time to most recent ancestor of genotype I varied from ~30 to ~70 years ago. The Bayesian sky plot showed a rapid spread of HBV/I at the end of 1980s. Peculiar nucleotides distributed were observed in the subgenotype I1/I2. In conclusion, higher prevalence of HBV infection was observed in Mengla county. Multifactors like timescale and spatial locations should be integrated to provide a better interpretation of the HBV/I evolutionary history in the region.
Rice protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome with transient specific IgE to boiled rice but not to retort‐processed rice
Authors: Yasutomi Motoko , Kosaka Takuya , Kawakita Akiko , Hayashi Hisako , Okazaki Shintaro , Murai Hiroki , Miyagawa Kazuhiko , Mayumi Mitsufumi , Ohshima Yusei 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDescribed herein is the case of an 8‐month‐old girl with atypical food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome due to rice. She presented with vomiting and poor general activity 2 h after ingestion of boiled rice. Oral food challenge test using high‐pressure retort‐processed rice was negative, but re‐exposure to boiled rice elicited gastrointestinal symptoms. On western blot analysis the patient's serum was found to contain IgE bound to crude protein extracts from rice seed or boiled rice, but not from retort‐processed rice. The major protein bands were not detected in the electrophoresed gel of retort‐processed rice extracts, suggesting decomposition by high‐temperature and high‐pressure processing. Oral food challenge for diagnosing rice allergy should be performed with boiled rice to avoid a false negative. Additionally, some patients with rice allergy might be able to ingest retort‐processed rice as a substitute for boiled rice.
Philosophy in Law? A Legal‐Philosophical Inquiry
Authors: Rosenfeld Michel 
Published: February 2014

AbstractGoing beyond the debate between positivists and proponents of natural law, there is a controversy over whether there can or ought to be “philosophy in law” (i.e., whether anything within the subject‐matter of philosophy can also become part of the subject‐matter of law). According to Luhmann's autopoietic theory, law is a normatively closed system and accordingly remains completely independent from philosophy. Dworkin, on the other hand, asserts that constitutional law depends for its coherence and integrity on being encompassed within a particular political philosophy. This essay approaches “philosophy in law” from a functional rather than a legitimating perspective, and concludes against both Luhmann and Dworkin that the integration of philosophy in law is interstitial and limited. The consequence of this for law's validity and legitimacy is a likely increase in contestation and contestability. The essay concludes that by embracing pluralism as a philosophy, one can reduce and better manage contestability without ever becoming able to eliminate it.
Reason of State and Public Reason
Authors: Sadurski Wojciech 
Published: February 2014

Abstract“Reason of state” is a concept that is rarely used in contemporary legal and political philosophy, compared to everyday parlance; “public reason,” in contrast, is ubiquitous, especially in liberal philosophy, as a legitimacy‐conferring device. In this article it is argued that the unpopularity of the notion of “reason of state” is partly due to its notorious ambiguity. Three different usages of the notion can be identified: a “thin” usage (where “reason of state” is equivalent to the common good); an “ironical” usage (where it is used pejoratively to denounce it as a pretext for application of illegitimate or illegal means); and a “pre‐emptive” usage (where “reason of state” functions as a legitimate second‐order exclusionary reason used to override otherwise mandatory first‐order rules of action). It is argued that only the “thin” usage is helpful in a by‐and‐large liberal‐democratic context. The article then discusses the main dilemmas related to the concept of public reason, especially in its most influential, Rawlsian interpretation, and defends the concept against common critiques. Finally, the two concepts of “reason of state” and public reason are compared, and it is argued that a “thin” usage of “reason of state” is functionally equivalent to public reason, and that both resonate with the theory of “input democracy” (focusing, as it does, on the legitimacy of reasons—or motivations—for applying coercive rules to individuals). The article also identifies a problematic feature of “reason of state”: its emphasis on the state as a privileged interpreter of such reasons and/or as identifying the pool of actors within which the “constituency” of public reason is ascertained. There are good reasons to resist both of these consequences: the former because of its potentially authoritarian consequences, the latter because of reasons provided by cosmopolitan political conceptions.
Making Sense of Discrimination
Authors: Segev Re'em 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDiscrimination is a central moral and legal concept. However, it is also a contested one. Particularly, accounts of the wrongness of discrimination often rely on controversial and particular assumptions. In this paper, I argue that a theory of discrimination that relies on premises that are very general (rather than unique to the concept of discrimination) and widely accepted provides a plausible (exhaustive) account of the concept of wrongful discrimination. According to the combined theory, wrongful discrimination consists of allocating a benefit that is not supported by a morally significant fact (a valid reason), or in a way that involves distributive injustice, or both.
Should Empathy Play any Role in the Interpretation of Constitutional Rights?
Authors: Corso Lucia 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper explores the role that empathy can play in the interpretation of constitutional rights. It starts by analyzing the complex concept of empathy, comparing it with similar yet distinct concepts such as projection, sympathy and emotional contagion, then it discusses the widespread distrust of empathy among lawyers and legal thinkers. It will be argued that empathy can play a significant role in the interpretation of constitutional rights, mostly in identifying the interests and needs put forward in the claims and counterclaims of the parties. In the final section, the impact of empathetic judging on judicial minimalism will be briefly discussed.
Interviewer Effects on Non-Response Propensity in Longitudinal Surveys: a Multilevel Modelling Approach
Authors: Vassallo Rebecca , Durrant Gabriele B. , Smith Peter W. F. , Goldstein Harvey 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe paper investigates two different multilevel approaches, the multilevel cross-classified and the multiple-membership models, for the analysis of interviewer effects on wave non-response in longitudinal surveys. The models proposed incorporate both interviewer and area effects to account for the non-hierarchical structure, the influence of potentially more than one interviewer across waves and possible confounding of area and interviewer effects arising from the non-random allocation of interviewers across areas. The methods are compared by using a data set: the UK Family and Children Survey.