bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cáncer hereditario: Importancia y necesidad de su detección
Authors: Osorio Cabrero Ana 
Published: November 2013

A pesar de que tan solo el 1% de los casos de cáncer se pueden considerar de tipo hereditario, en la actualidad se han descrito más de 200 síndromes caracterizados por la agregación familiar de distintos tipos de tumores. La identificación a lo largo del siglo XX de muchos de los genes responsables de estos síndromes ha permitido un gran avance en el manejo de estas familias, a la hora de identificar o descartar los individuos a riesgo y establecer unas medidas preventivas específicas. Sin embargo, existe todavía un alto porcentaje de los casos hereditarios en los que la causa de la susceptibilidad es desconocida, siendo la búsqueda de nuevos genes mediante las nuevas tecnologías una de las prioridades en investigación.
El adolescente con cáncer: Un desafío para el sistema sanitario
Authors: Gallo Vallejo José Luis 
Published: November 2013

El diagnóstico de cáncer en el adolescente supone un auténtico mazazo. En este artículo, se describen los tipos de cáncer más prevalentes en estas edades, los elementos de control del cáncer, los efectos sobre el paciente adolescente y los desafíos que suponen para el sistema sanitario su asistencia integral. Las fundaciones existentes juegan un papel fundamental, procurando que el adolescente con cáncer nunca pierda el espíritu de lucha.
Characterization of GABA Receptors
Authors: Enna S.J. , McCarson Kenneth E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDescribed in this unit are ligand‐binding assays for GABAA, GABAB, and the homomeric ρ GABAA (formerly GABAC) receptor recognition sites in brain tissue. Although GABA binding sites are present in peripheral organs, most research is directed toward examining these receptors in the CNS. These assays may also be used to determine the affinity of an unlabeled compound for the GABA binding sites. Excluded from the unit are ligand‐binding assays for other components of the GABAA receptor complex, such as the benzodiazepine or ion‐channel binding sites. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 63:1.7.1‐1.7.20. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Expanding Mouse Ventricular Cardiomyocytes Through GSK‐3 Inhibition
Authors: Buikema Jan W. , Zwetsloot Peter‐Paul M. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Sluijter Joost P.G. , Domian Ibrahim J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractControlled proliferation of cardiomyocytes remains a major limitation in cell biology and one of the main underlying hurdles for true modern regenerative medicine. Here, a technique is described for robust expansion of early fetal‐derived mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes on a platform usable for high‐throughput molecular screening, tissue engineering and, potentially, in vivo translational experiments. This method provides a small‐molecule approach to control proliferation or differentiation of early beating cardiomyocytes through modulation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, isolation and expansion of fetal cardiomyocytes takes less than 3 weeks, yields a relatively pure (∼70%) functional myogenic population, and is highly reproducible. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 61:23.9.1‐23.9.10. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Initial in situ measurements of perennial meltwater storage in the Greenland firn aquifer
Authors: Koenig Lora S. , Miège Clément , Forster Richard R. , Brucker Ludovic 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA perennial storage of water in a firn aquifer was discovered in southeast Greenland in 2011. We present the first in situ measurements of the aquifer, including densities and temperatures. Water was present at depths between ~12 and 37 m and amounted to 18.7 ± 0.9 kg in the extracted core. The water filled the firn to capacity at ~35 m. Measurements show the aquifer temperature remained at the melting point, representing a large heat reservoir within the firn. Using model results of liquid water extent and aquifer surface depth from radar measurements, we extend our in situ measurements to the Greenland ice sheet. The estimated water volume is 140 ± 20 Gt, representing ~0.4 mm of sea level rise (SLR). It is unknown if the aquifer temporary buffers SLR or contributes to SLR through drainage and/or ice dynamics.
Discrete blasts in granular material yield two‐stage process of cavitation and granular fountaining
Authors: Andrews Robin G. , White James D. L. , Dürig Tobi , Zimanowski Bernd 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA discrete blast within granular material, such as a single subterranean explosion within a debris‐filled diatreme structure, is typically considered to produce a single uprush of material. Our experiments demonstrate that apparent “debris jet deposits” can be formed by a two‐stage process of cavitation and subsequent granular fountaining. Bench‐scale experiments reported here demonstrate that for a range of overpressures and depths, individual, discrete, buried gas blasts open space and expel particles from the blast site in two largely decoupled stages. Expanding gas initially pierces material nearest the blast source to open a cavity above it; then a fountain of grains rises from the source into the cavity. This staged motion dynamically segregates source grains from host‐material grains, and the rates of cavity opening versus fountain rise show a power law decay relationship with initial pressure. Our experimental analysis has implications for maar‐diatreme systems, field‐scale detonation experiments, and underground nuclear testing.
Elemental carbon measurements in European Arctic snow packs
Authors: Forsström S. , Isaksson E. , Skeie R. B. , Ström J. , Pedersen C. A. , Hudson S. R. , Berntsen T. K. , Lihavainen H. , Godtliebsen F. , Gerland S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBlack carbon (BC) and other light‐absorbing particles deposited on snow and ice are known to perturb the surface radiative balance. There are few published observations of the concentration of these particles in the snow in Scandinavia and the European Arctic. We measured BC concentrations in snow samples collected in this region from 2007 to 2009, and we present the results here. The data set includes 484 surface samples and 24 column samples (covering the accumulation season) from snow on land, glaciers, and sea ice. Concentrations up to 88 ng of carbon per gram of snow (ng/g) were found in Scandinavia, while lower values were observed at higher latitudes: 11–14 ng/g in Svalbard, 7–42 ng/g in the Fram Strait, and 9 ng/g in Barrow. Values compare well with other observations but are generally found to be a factor of 2–3 higher than modeled BC concentrations in snow in the chemical transport model Oslo CTM2. This model underestimation comes in spite of potentially significant undercatch in the observations. The spring melt period enhanced BC levels in surface snow at the four sites where the BC concentrations were monitored from March to May in 2008 and 2009. A data set of replicate samples is used to establish a concentration‐dependent estimate of the meter‐scale variability of BC concentration in snow, found to be around ±30% of the average concentration.
Convergence, Globalization, Technological Development, and Interdisciplinarity in a Fast‐Evolving World
Authors: Darling‐Wolf Fabienne 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis introduction makes the case for the continuing need to pay close attention to methodological issues in media studies. Locating the field within a fast‐evolving global context, it outlines some of the questions of methodology media scholars must contend with, particularly as they relate to processes of convergence, globalization, and technological development. It argues that just as media are converging, media studies scholars must transcend methodological boundaries in order to continue to develop the kind of fluid interdisciplinary approaches that are best suited to explore the multimodal and heterogeneous nature of contemporary media. It concludes that, collectively, the essays included in this volume illustrate the innovative and dynamic nature of research methods in media studies and demonstrate their authors' commitment to critical and carefully contextualized work attuned to changing dynamics as well as to the researcher's own position and bearing on the process of inquiry.
Media Research Paradigms
Authors: Splichal Slavko , Dahlgren Peter 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMedia and communication research is often believed to represent one of the youngest research areas in the social sciences, but the first essays discussing the nature and social functions of newspapers were written long before the birth of the modern social sciences. The great variety in forms of communication is also reflected in the diversity of research approaches and methods. This chapter deals with these differences and diversities in a broader perspective to demonstrate that it is not methodology itself that determines the differences in approaches but, rather, differences in methodologies that reflect more substantial (theoretical, epistemological, ideological) differences. The chapter begins with a conceptual discussion about academic fields and paradigms. It then discusses the somewhat ambiguous intellectual history of the field and its loose organizing logics. It sketches the contours of the dominant paradigm and its two main challengers over the past decades – the interpretivist and the critical paradigms – and considers some key challenges and controversies that shaped the field's earlier years. Finally, it explores a possible new matrix for structuring research in the field.
Film Analysis
Authors: Walters James 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCritical attention to the close analysis of film has grown steadily since the turn of the century, with a number of recently published titles making it their central focus for discussion. In turn, analysis itself has enjoyed a resurgence in contemporary film studies, resulting in a number of key titles that make precise scrutiny a defining critical approach. When reflecting on these trends, we are entitled to ask what is involved in the detailed analysis of film: what challenges and rewards are represented in this critical practice? With these questions in mind, this chapter explores processes of analysis through a series of examples from film studies. In building a picture of the various forms and approaches, the discussion seeks to evaluate the enduring centrality of detailed analysis in contemporary film studies.
Exploring Visual Aspects of Audience Membership
Authors: Novak David R. , Krijnen Tonny 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPhotovoice, a qualitative research methodology in which participants use photographs in combination with interviews, transcends the (false) binary between visual and verbal communication as images and words work in tandem to tell participants' stories (Novak,). While audiences' reception of media has been explored thoroughly, visual interpretations as a key aspect of reception are under‐researched. This neglect of visual aspects is striking, as audiences' reception often concerns media that are visual to a high degree (e.g., television, film, Internet). We use visual elements, specifically photographs and screenshots, to analyze audiences' interpretations ofTrue Blood. Our chapter offers new ways to discuss aesthetic elements of television and the construction of latent meanings that would otherwise not appear in interviews. This chapter is a modest methodological contribution to help analyze the reception of audiences. It moves toward the inclusion of a visual aspect, via photovoice, in media studies.
Digital Ethnography and Media Practices
Authors: Ardévol Elisenda , Gómez‐Cruz Edgar 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis chapter deals with ethnographic methodologies used when studying digital media, social contexts, and cultural practices. The chapter starts with an introduction to ethnography and its challenges when going digital. It then provides an overview of the different approaches to digital ethnography depending on the object of study: (1) the ethnography of online communities, virtual worlds, and social media sites; (2) the connective ethnography proposal through online and offline field settings; and (3) the ethnography of everyday life and the issue of audiences and creative practices in digital media. Finally, we discuss methodological issues relating to how to conduct online ethnographic fieldwork, including participant observation, interviews, as well as digital tools for registering, analyzing, presenting data, and some ethical considerations.
Volumetric differences in body shape among adults with differing body mass index values: An analysis using three‐dimensional body scans
Authors: Daniell Nathan , Olds Tim , Tomkinson Grant 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study quantified differences in body shape of people differing in body mass index (BMI), using three‐dimensional (3D) scan‐extracted segmental body volumes.MethodsEight segmental volumes were measured on 340 young adults (169 males and 171 females) aged 18–30 years, using the Vitus Smart 3D whole body scanner. Body volumes were also expressed as a ratio of the sex‐specific mean volume (segmental or whole body) and compared to BMI using simple linear regression, multiple‐segment‐linear regression and Lowess curves.ResultsWhile all segmental volumes increased significantly as BMI increased, the BMI‐related patterns of increase varied among different body segments. For example, pelvis and abdomen volumes increased at a significantly greater rate than whole body volume, with the rates of increase greatest in the overweight and obese.ConclusionsBody shape changes due to variations in body volume could have important implications in a range of fields that currently use 1D anthropometric measurements that do not capture body shape differences in the same detail. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:156–163, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Messen bei Querkraftversuchen
Authors: Schacht Gregor , Bolle Guido , Marx Steffen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDer Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der messtechnischen Überwachung des Trag‐ und Verformungsverhaltens von schubbeanspruchten Stahlbetonbauteilen. Zunächst wird die chronologische Entwicklung der verwendeten Messtechniken bei Schubversuchen beschrieben und darauf aufbauend gezeigt, welche Messmethoden für heutige Untersuchungen zur Verfügung stehen bzw. angewendet werden. Für die verschiedenen Messaufgaben und Messziele bei Schubversuchen werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der verschiedenen Messverfahren vorgestellt und Empfehlungen für die messtechnische Erfassung von Strukturveränderungen während eines Versuchs gegeben. Die unterschiedlichen Messtechniken werden klassifiziert und bewertet, sodass Ingenieuren und Forschern eine Handlungsempfehlung für die Planung von zukünftigen Schubversuchen vorliegt.Measuring in shear tests – Technical Development and actual possibilitiesThe paper gives an overview about the development of the measuring techniques used in the experimental investigations of the load bearing and deformation behavior of reinforced concrete elements in shear. After the historical development the today available measuring techniques for shear investigations are presented. It is shown for which measuring targets the different methods can be used and recommendations for the detection of smallest structural changes during the tests are made. The different measurement techniques are classified and evaluated, and therewith a guidance for the planning of the measuring techniques in future shear tests is given.
Application of synchrotron X‐ray microtomography for visualizing bacterial biofilms 3D microstructure in porous media
Authors: Rolland du Roscoat S. , Martins J.M.F. , Séchet P. , Vince E. , Latil P. , Geindreau C. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe development of reliable models to accurately predict biofilm growth in porous media relies on a good knowledge of the temporal evolution of biofilms structure within the porous network. Since little is known on the true 3D structure of biofilms developed in porous media, this work aimed at developing a new experimental protocol to visualize the 3D microstructure of bacterial biofilms in porous media. The main originality of the proposed procedure lies on the combination of the more recent advances in synchrotron microtomography (Paganin mode) and of a new contrast agent (1‐chloronaphtalene) that has never been applied to biofilm visualization. It is shown that the proposed methodology takes advantage of the contrasting properties of 1‐chloronaphtalene to prevent some limitations observed with more classical contrast agents. A quantitative analysis of the microstructural properties (volume fractions and specific surface area) of bacterial biofilms developed in columns of clay beads is also proposed on the basis of the obtained 3D images. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1265–1271. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial Separation of Covalent, Ionic, and Metallic Interactions in Mg11Rh18B8 and Mg3Rh5B3
Authors: Alekseeva Anastasia M. , Abakumov Artem M. , Leither‐Jasper Andreas , Schnelle Walter , Prots Yuri , Tendeloo Gustaaf Van , Antipov Eugene V. , Grin Yuri 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe crystal structures of Mg11Rh18B8 and Mg3Rh5B3 have been investigated by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Mg11Rh18B8: space group P4/mbm; a=17.9949(7), c=2.9271(1) Å; Z=2. Mg3Rh5B3: space group Pmma; a=8.450(2), b=2.8644(6), c=11.602(2) Å; Z=2. Both crystal structures are characterized by trigonal prismatic coordination of the boron atoms by rhodium atoms. The [BRh6] trigonal prisms form arrangements with different connectivity patterns. Analysis of the chemical bonding by means of the electron‐localizability/electron‐density approach reveals covalent BRh interactions in these arrangements and the formation of BRh polyanions. The magnesium atoms that are located inside the polyanions interact ionically with their environment, whereas, in the structure parts, which are mainly formed by Mg and Rh atoms, multicenter (metallic) interactions are observed. Diamagnetic behavior and metallic electron transport of the Mg11Rh18B8 and Mg3Rh5B3 phases are in agreement with the bonding picture and the band structure.
Synthesis of Triple‐Layered Ag@Co@Ni Core–Shell Nanoparticles for the Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane
Authors: Qiu Fangyuan , Liu Guang , Li Li , Wang Ying , Xu Changchang , An Cuihua , Chen Chengcheng , Xu Yanan , Huang Yanan , Wang Yijing , Jiao Lifang , Yuan Huatang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTriple‐layered Ag@Co@Ni core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) containing a silver core, a cobalt inner shell, and a nickel outer shell were formed by an in situ chemical reduction method. The thickness of the double shells varied with different cobalt and nickel contents. Ag0.04@Co0.48@Ni0.48 showed the most distinct core–shell structure. Compared with its bimetallic core–shell counterparts, this catalyst showed higher catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of NH3BH3 (AB). The synergetic interaction between Co and Ni in Ag0.04@Co0.48@Ni0.48 NPs may play a critical role in the enhanced catalytic activity. Furthermore, cobalt–nickel double shells surrounding the silver core in the special triple‐layered core–shell structure provided increasing amounts of active sites on the surface to facilitate the catalytic reaction. These promising catalysts may lead to applications for AB in the field of fuel cells.
Hydroxymethylated Phyllobilins: A Puzzling New Feature of the Dioxobilin Branch of Chlorophyll Breakdown
Authors: Süssenbacher Iris , Christ Bastien , Hörtensteiner Stefan , Kräutler Bernhard 
Published: December 2013

AbstractColorless nonfluorescent chlorophyll (Chl) catabolites (NCCs) are formyloxobilin‐type phyllobilins, which are considered the typical products of Chl breakdown in senescent leaves. However, in degreened leaves of some plants, dioxobilin‐type Chl catabolites (DCCs) predominate, which lack the formyl group of the NCCs, and which arise from Chl catabolites by oxidative removal of the formyl group by a P450 enzyme. Here a structural investigation of the DCCs in the methylesterase16 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is reported. Eight new DCCs were identified and characterized structurally. Strikingly, three of these DCCs carry stereospecifically added hydroxymethyl groups, and represent bilin‐type linear tetrapyrroles with an unprecedented modification. Indeed, DCCs show a remarkable structural parallel, otherwise, to the bilins from heme breakdown.
Lactam‐Based HDAC Inhibitors for Anticancer Chemotherapy: Restoration of RUNX3 by Posttranslational Modification and Epigenetic Control
Authors: Cho Misun , Choi Eunhyun , Kim Jae Hyun , Kim Hwan , Kim Hwan Mook , Lee Jang Ik , Hwang Ki‐Chul , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Han Gyoonhee 
Published: December 2013

AbstractExpression and stability of the tumor suppressor runt‐related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) are regulated by histone deacetylase (HDAC). HDAC inhibition alters epigenetic and posttranslational stability of RUNX3, leading to tumor suppression. However, HDAC inhibitors can nonselectively alter global gene expression through chromatin remodeling. Thus, lactam‐based HDAC inhibitors were screened to identify potent protein stabilizers that maintain RUNX3 stability by acetylation. RUNX activity and HDAC inhibition were determined for 111 lactam‐based analogues through a cell‐based RUNX activation and HDAC inhibition assay. 3‐[1‐(4‐Bromobenzyl)‐2‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl]‐N‐hydroxypropanamide (11‐8) significantly increased RUNX3 acetylation and stability with relatively low RUNX3 mRNA expression and HDAC inhibitory activity. This compound showed significant antitumor effects, which were stronger than SAHA, in an MKN28 xenograft model. Thus, we propose a novel strategy, in which HDAC inhibitors serve as antitumor chemotherapeutic agents that selectively target epigenetic regulation and protein stability of RUNX3.
The end‐of‐life experience: Modifiable predictors of caregivers' bereavement adjustment
Authors: Garrido Melissa M. , Prigerson Holly G. 
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to determine the best set of predictors of psychological disorders, regrets, health‐related quality of life, and mental health function among bereaved caregivers of patients with cancer, thereby identifying promising targets for interventions to improve bereavement adjustment.METHODSCoping with Cancer is a longitudinal study of patients with advanced cancer and their informal caregivers who were enrolled from 2002 to 2008. The main outcome measure was bereavement adjustment of 245 caregivers (eg, depression, anxiety, and regrets) 6 months after the loss of the patient. The Structured Clinical Interview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders determined whether caregivers met the criteria for major depressive disorder or an anxiety disorder. Changes in health‐related quality of life and mental health function from baseline to after the patient's death were assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF‐36).RESULTSGreater than 50% of the caregivers reported regret about the cancer patient's end‐of‐life care; better patient quality of death (adjusted odds ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.67‐0.88) reduced the risk of bereavement regret. The incidence of major depressive disorder or anxiety among the bereaved caregivers was 12.6% and was less likely for caregivers with better mental health before the loss of the patient (adjusted odds ratio, 0.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.004‐0.25). Better patient quality of death also predicted improved caregiver health‐related quality of life (adjusted standardized beta, .28; P < .001). The completion of a do‐not‐resuscitate order was found to be predictive of improved mental health from before the death of the patient to after the death (adjusted standardized beta, .29; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSReducing caregiver distress, encouraging advance care planning by patients, and improving patients' quality of death appear to be promising targets of interventions to improve caregiver bereavement adjustment. Cancer 2014;120:918–925. © 2013 American Cancer Society.