bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal Weight Estimation in Diabetic Pregnancies Using the Gestation‐Adjusted Projection Method
Authors: Moore Gaea S. , Post Annalisa L. , West Nancy A. , Hart Jan E. , Lynch Anne M. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThe gestation‐adjusted projection method extrapolates birth weight using third‐trimester sonography. This technique is shown to be more accurate for sonographic examinations from 34 weeks to 36 weeks 6 days than 37 weeks to 38 weeks 6 days. Our objective was to determine whether even earlier sonographic examinations (31 weeks–33 weeks 6 days) further improves birth weight prediction in patients with diabetes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 388 pregnant women with pregestational or gestational diabetes who delivered at 37 weeks or later and had a sonographic examination performed between 31 weeks and 36 weeks 6 days. Sonographic examinations were categorized as “early” if performed at 31 weeks to 33 weeks 6 days or “late” if performed at 34 weeks to 36 weeks 6 days. We estimated birth weight using the gestation‐adjusted projection method, compared errors in prediction of birth weight using the t test and Mann‐Whitney U test, and performed a 2‐sample test of proportions to compare prediction of macrosomia (birth weight >4000 g).ResultsThe early and late groups had similar mean gestational ages at birth (38 weeks 4 days versus 38 weeks 5 days; P = .13) and rates of macrosomia (10.7% versus 12.4%; P = .63). The early group had a greater mean absolute error (336 versus 297 g; P = .03) and percent error (9.9% versus 7.9%; P = .01) in birth weight prediction but a lower mean birth weight (3303 versus 3426 g; P = .02). Sensitivity for prediction of macrosomia was 19% in the early group versus 45% in the late group (P = .07), whereas specificity was similar (98% versus 96%; P = .27).ConclusionsUsing the gestation‐adjusted projection method in our patients with diabetes, we found that sonographic examinations performed at 34 weeks to 36 weeks 6 days better predicted birth weight than those performed at 31 weeks to 33 weeks 6 days.
Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy
Authors: Cantor Amy G. , Holmes Rebecca , Bougatsos Christina , Atchison Chandler , DeLoughery Thomas , Chou Roger 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceIn 2015 the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found insufficient evidence to assess the balance of benefits and harms of routine screening and supplementation for iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.ObjectiveTo update the 2015 review on screening for iron deficiency anemia, in addition to iron deficiency during pregnancy, to inform the USPSTF.Data SourcesOvid MEDLINE and Cochrane databases through May 24, 2023; surveillance through May 24, 2024.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials of iron supplementation, screening effectiveness, treatment, and harms; observational studies of screening.Data Extraction and SynthesisDual review of abstracts, full-text articles, study quality, and data abstraction. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMaternal and infant clinical outcomes, hematologic indices, and harms.ResultsSeventeen trials (N = 24 023) on maternal iron supplementation were included. Iron supplementation was associated with decreased risk of maternal iron deficiency anemia at term (4 trials, n = 2230; 8.6% vs 19.8%; relative risk, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.26-0.61]; I2 = 20.5%) and maternal iron deficiency at term (6 trials, n = 2361; 46% vs 70%; relative risk, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.33-0.67]; I2 = 81.9%) compared with placebo or no iron supplement. There were no statistically significant differences in maternal quality of life, rates of gestational diabetes, maternal hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, infant low birth weight, or infants small for gestational age for maternal iron supplementation compared with placebo or no supplementation. Harms of iron supplementation included transient gastrointestinal adverse effects. No studies evaluated the benefits or harms of screening for iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Data on the association between iron status and health outcomes, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm birth, were very limited.Conclusions and RelevanceRoutine prenatal iron supplementation reduces the incidence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy, but evidence on health outcomes is limited or indicates no benefit. No studies addressed screening for iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Research is needed to understand the association between changes in maternal iron status measures and health outcomes.
Sacubitril-Valsartan in Patients Requiring Hemodialysis
Authors: Le Dustin , Grams Morgan E. , Coresh Josef , Shin Jung-Im 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceRandomized clinical trials have shown that sacubitril-valsartan reduces the risks of mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but patients with kidney failure requiring dialysis were excluded.ObjectiveTo investigate the comparative effectiveness of sacubitril-valsartan vs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs or ARBs) in patients with HFrEF requiring hemodialysis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, 1:1 propensity score–matched comparative effectiveness study included patients who were 18 years or older with HFrEF, enrolled in Medicare Parts A, B, and D, and survived at least 90 days receiving in-center hemodialysis from July 8, 2015, to December 31, 2020. Patients were excluded for less than 180 days of continuous Medicare Parts A, B, and D primary payer coverage or prior dispensing of sacubitril-valsartan. Data analysis was conducted from September 23, 2023, to June 25, 2024.ExposuresNew use of sacubitril-valsartan vs new or continued use of ACEIs or ARBs.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe associations between initiation of sacubitril-valsartan therapy and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, all-cause hospitalization, and HF hospitalization were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models in a propensity score–matched sample.ResultsParticipants included 1:1 matched pairs of 1434 sacubitril-valsartan users and 1434 ACEI or ARB users (mean [SD] age, 64 [13] years). Of the 2868 matched participants, 996 (65%) were male; 987 (34%) were Black or African American and 1677 (58%) were White; and median dialysis vintage was 3.8 (IQR, 1.8-6.3) years. The median follow-up was 0.9 (IQR, 0.4-1.7) years. Sacubitril-valsartan (vs ACEI or ARB) therapy was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82 [95% CI, 0.73-0.92]) and all-cause hospitalization (HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.79-0.93]) but not cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.86-1.19]) or HF hospitalization (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.82-1.02]). There was a decrease in hyperkalemia (HR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.62-0.81]) and no difference in hypotension (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.83-1.19]). Only 195 participants (14%) ever received the maximum combination dose of sacubitril (97 mg twice daily) and valsartan (103 mg twice daily).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this comparative effectiveness study of patients with HFrEF requiring hemodialysis, sacubitril-valsartan therapy was associated with beneficial effects in all-cause mortality and all-cause hospitalization.
High Performance All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries: Interface Regulation Mechanism
Authors: Luo Haili , Guan Zhixi , Wu Chuanhuang , Zhu Yuchuan , Wang Cong , Wang Xueyu , Guo Daying , Chen Xi'an , Wang Shun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) can overcome many problems in cathode and lithium anode, and it is a very promising safe secondary battery. However, unstable interface problems between electrolyte and electrode and within the electrolyte still restrict its commercial development. Herein, the interface problems are first revealed in ASSLBs and highlight the need to deeply explore the intrinsic failure mechanisms to solve these problems. Subsequently, the three failure mechanisms of ASSLBs: chemical, electrical, and electrochemical failure are broken down, and focus on the impact of the space charge layer problem on the cathode‐electrolyte interface. The effect of the anode physical contact problem on the anode‐electrolyte interface is discussed. Then, recent advances in ASSLBs, cathode and anode interface optimization strategies, and their corresponding electrochemical properties are discussed. Finally, the interface challenges faced by ASSLBs and feasible interface modification strategies are summarized, which provide references for subsequent studies and insights into the design of interface structures for the new generation of high‐performance ASSLBs.
Single‐Particle Electrochemical Cycling Single‐Crystal and Polycrystalline NMC Particles
Authors: Min Jinhong , Suk Wonjoon , Wong Sabrina Chun Yan , Li Yiyang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLi(Ni,Mn,Co)O2 (NMC) is one of the most widely used cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. Most commercial cathodes utilize polycrystalline particle morphologies, which have a characteristic “meatball” shape. Recently, there has been interest in replacing polycrystalline particles with single‐crystal particles, which are believed to have improved cycle life due to the absence of intergranular cracking. However, the effects of single‐crystal particles on rate capability show conflicting results. In this work, single‐particle electrochemistry using a microelectrode array to test the kinetics of 40 polycrystalline (3–12 µm) and 13 single‐crystal (2–4 µm) NMC cathode particles is conducted. The results show that single‐crystal particles have much higher reaction overpotentials than polycrystalline ones. Moreover, larger single‐crystal particles show higher overpotentials than smaller ones, while the polycrystalline particles display no size effects despite the greater variability. These findings are attributed to intergranular cracking and the penetration of the liquid electrolyte, which enables much faster reaction kinetics. In characterizing the electrochemistry of individual particles, the results confirm that these single‐crystal particles would have much poorer rate kinetics and more challenges with fast charge and discharge compared to polycrystalline particles of the same composition.
Unveiling the Synergistic Mechanism of Atomic Rh on Couple Phase CoSe2/CoSeO3 for Enhanced Alkaline Water Electrolysis Devices
Authors: Balaji Ravichandran , Nguyen Thanh Tuan , Ngo Quynh Phuong , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting stands out as a highly effective and environment‐friendly strategy for generating pure hydrogen. However, the expensive catalyst required, and the low efficiency of water electrolysis, are still of concern. Herein, a novel Rh–CoSe2/CoSeO3 nanocubes heterostructure is designed with a successful robust coupling between CoSe2 and CoSeO3, and employed as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the water splitting system. The interaction enhances metal–substrate bonding and generates the anchor sites for intermediate species, which increases the electrocatalytic efficiency and mass transport kinetics, and offers exceptional stability. The water‐splitting device demonstrates remarkable performance, with a low voltage of 1.62 V at a current density of 20 mA cm−2 and long‐lasting durability for ‐100 h. This study opens a new avenue toward the creation of extremely effective and long‐lasting catalysts to be used at an industrial scale to allow alkaline water splitting and for other energy conversion devices. The Rh–CoSe2/CoSeO3 heterostructure offers promising prospects for advancing sustainable energy technologies and positively impacting the clean energy of the future.
A Molecular Engineered Strategy to Remolding Architecture of RuP2 Nanoclusters for Sustainable Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Cao Li‐Ming , Yu Li‐Hong , Huang Hui‐Bin , Gao Cheng‐Juan , Huang Xia , Zhang Xue‐Feng , Zhang Xiao‐Han , Du Zi‐Yi , He Chun‐Ting 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTransition metal phosphides (TMPs) are promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts, but the unsatisfying activity and durability at industrial‐scale current densities hinder their application. Downsizing TMPs to nanoclusters can substantially enhance their activity; yet, the high surface free energy tends to initiate agglomeration thereby limiting their service life. Herein, a molecular engineering strategy to synthesize robust sulfur‐doped RuP2 (S‐RuP2) nanoclusters, which can continuously provide ampere‐level current densities of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 A cm−2 for at least 480 h with low overpotentials of 55.6 ± 1.0, 90.6 ± 1.2, and 122.8 ± 1.0 mV, respectively, is proposed. In particular, it exhibits a remarkable charge transfer amount (representing a long service life), outperforming all reported alkaline HER electrocatalysts. Remoulding the RuP2 architecture by sulfur atom can significantly lift the d‐band center of Ru and the p‐band center of P, therefore strengthening the adsorption of H2O, H, and OH to reduce the barriers of water dissociation and H migration. The authors‘ research unveils the enormous potential of molecule‐based porous materials for designing high‐performance nano‐structured catalysts.
Nitrogen‐Doped Indium Oxide Electrochemical Sensor for Stable and Selective NO2 Detection
Authors: Mo Xichao , Zhu Chonghui , Zhang Zhaorui , Yan Xiaohui , Han Chenshuai , Li Jiaxin , Attfield J. Paul , Yang Minghui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEfficient gas sensors are critical for environmental monitoring and industrial safety. While metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors are cost‐effective, they struggle with poor selectivity, high operating temperatures, and limited stability. Electrochemical sensors, though selective and energy‐efficient, face high costs, and stability issues due to precious metal catalysts like platinum on carbon (Pt/C). Herein, a novel, cost‐effective electrochemical sensor using nitrogen‐doped indium oxide In2O3−xN2x/3Vx/3 (0.01≤x≤0.14), synthesized with varying nitriding times is presented. The optimized In2O3 N‐40 min sensor demonstrates a remarkable response current of 771 nA to 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at ambient temperature, with outstanding long‐term stability (over 30 days) and rapid response/recovery times (5/16 s). Compared to Pt/C sensors, it shows 84% and 67% reductions in response and recovery times, respectively, and maintains 98% performance after a month, versus 68% for Pt/C. This cost‐effective sensor presents a promising alternative for electrochemical gas sensing, eliminating the need for precious metal catalysts.
GJB2 Promotes HCC Progression by Activating Glycolysis Through Cytoplasmic Translocation and Generating a Suppressive Tumor Microenvironment Based on Single Cell RNA Sequencing
Authors: Liu Hanyuan , Li Xiao , Zhang Chenwei , Hao Xiaopei , Cao Yongfang , Wang Yuliang , Zhuang Hao , Yu Na , Huang Tian , Liu Chuan , Cao Hengsong , Lu Zhengqing , Song Jinhua , Liu Li , Wang Hanjin , Li Zhouxiao , Tang Weiwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite substantial breakthroughs in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in recent years, many patients are diagnosed in the middle or late stages, denying them the option for surgical excision. Therefore, it is of great importance to find effective therapeutic targets of HCC. In this study, it is found that Gap junction protein beta‐2 (GJB2) is highly enriched in malignant cells based on single‐cell RNA sequencing and higher expression of GJB2 indicates a worse prognosis. The localization of GJB2 in HCC cancer cells is changed compared with normal liver tissue. In cancer cells, GJB2 tends to be located in the cytoplasm and nucleus, while in normal tissues, GJB2 is mainly located on the cell membrane. GJB2 is related to glycolysis, promoting NF‐κB pathway via inducing the ubiquitination degradation of IκBa, and activating HIF‐1α/GLUT‐1/PD‐L1 pathway. In addition, GJB2 knockdown reshapes tumor immune microenvironment and Salvianolic acid B inhibits the activity of GJB2. In conclusion, GJB2 promotes HCC progression by activating glycolysis through cytoplasmic translocation and generating a suppressive tumor microenvironment. Salvianolic acid B inhibits the expression of GJB2 and enhances the sensitivity of anti‐PD1 therapy, which may provide insights into the development of novel combination therapeutic strategies for HCC.
Metamaterial‐Assisted Illumination Nanoscopy with Exceptional Axial Resolution
Authors: Lee Yeon Ui , Li Shilong , Zhao Junxiang , Posner Clara , Zhang Jin , Liu Zhaowei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in optical metamaterials have opened new possibilities in the exciting field of super‐resolution microscopies. The far‐field metamaterial‐assisted illumination nanoscopies (MAINs) have, very recently, enhanced the lateral resolution to one‐fifteenth of the optical wavelength. However, the axial localization accuracy of fluorophores in the MAINs remains rarely explored. Here, a MAIN with a nanometer‐scale axial localization accuracy is demonstrated by monitoring the distance‐dependent photobleaching dynamics of the fluorophores on top of an organic hyperbolic metamaterial (OHM) substrate under a wide‐field single‐objective microscope. With such a regular experimental configuration, 3D imaging of various biological samples with the resolution of ≈40 nm in the lateral dimensions and ≈5 nm in the axial dimension is realized. The demonstrated imaging modality enables the resolution of the 3D morphology of nanoscopic cellular structures with a significantly simplified experimental setup.
Zinc supply effects on wheat production in a low precipitation zone
Authors: Lutcher L. K. , Hagerty C. H. , Kroese D. R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractZinc (Zn) fertilization of hard red and soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is uncommon in the low precipitation zone of the inland Pacific Northwest. It is uncommon because there have been no indications of deficiency. Soil test data, however, show Zn levels have been declining over time. We conducted a four‐site‐year experiment to evaluate effects of fertilization on early‐season tissue Zn concentration (TZC), dry matter accumulation (DMA), Zn uptake (ZNU), the grain test weight (TWT), protein content (PRO), and yield (YLD) of two regionally adapted cultivars. Planting occurred late in September or early in October. Zinc fertilizer, placed with the seed while planting, was applied at rates of 0 and 5 kg Zn ha−1. Application of 5 kg Zn ha−1 increased TZC and ZNU at one of two sites. There were corresponding trends of increased DMA and improved YLD. Response to fertilization occurred on a relatively shallow soil that had a diethylenetriamine‐pentaacidic acid–extractable Zn test level of 0.3 mg kg−1.
Diverse clinical presentation of SPTBN1 variants: Complex versus primary attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: O'Connell Mia , Harstad Elizabeth , Aites Jennifer , Hayes Katheryn , Arnett Anne B. , Scotellaro Julia , Patel Soleha , Brewster Stephanie J. , Barbaresi William , Doan Ryan N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) belongs to a phenotypically broad class of mental health disorders impacting social and cognitive functioning. Despite heritability estimates of 77%–88% and a global prevalence of up to 1 in 20 children, most of the underlying genetic etiology of the disorder remains undiscovered, making it challenging to obtain a clinical molecular genetic diagnosis and to develop new treatments (Biological Psychiatry, 2005, 57, 1313; Psychological Bulletin, 2009, 135, 608; Psychological Medicine, 2014, 44, 2223). Here we report the identification of a novel ultra‐rare heterozygous loss‐of‐function (p.Q1625*) variant in a child with complex ADHD (i.e., comorbid mild intellectual disability [ID]) and a missense (p.G1748R) variant (allele frequency of 4.7 × 10−5) in a child with primary ADHD (i.e., absence of comorbid autism spectrum disorder [ASD], ID, or syndromic features) both in the SPTBN1 gene. Missense variants in SPTBN1 have been reported in individuals with developmental disorders, language and communication disorders, and motor delays in recent publications (Nature Genetics, 2021, 53, 1006; American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 2021, 185, 2037) and ClinVar, though most variants in ClinVar have uncertain disease associations. The functional impact of these 135 variants, including from the current study, were further assessed using prediction scores from the recently developed AlphaMissense tool and benchmarked against published functional studies on a subset of the variants. While heterozygous SPTBN1 variants have recently been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and behavioral abnormalities, the two patients in the current study expand the phenotypic spectrum to include ADHD in the absence of more severe neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ASD and moderate to severe ID. Furthermore, the culmination of these data with existing reported cases suggests that variation including loss of function and missense events underlie a broader clinical spectrum than previously understood.
Visible‐Light Photodetection by Zero‐Dimensional Hybrid Indium‐Halide with Minimal Structural Distortion and Reduced Band Gap
Authors: Mondal Anamika , Ubaid Mohammad , Gupta Shresth , Pal Koushik , Bhattacharyya Sayan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPerovskite‐inspired zero‐dimensional (0D) hybrid halides exhibit impressive light emission properties; however, their potential in photovoltaics is hindered by the absence of interconnection between the inorganic polyhedra, leading to acute radiative recombination and insufficient charge separation. We demonstrate that incorporating closely‐spaced dissimilar polyhedral units with minimal structural distortion leads to a remarkable enhancement in visible‐light photodetection capability. We designed 0D C24H72N8In2Br14 (HIB) with a tetragonal crystal system, replacing the Cs+ of Cs2InBr5.H2O (CIB) with 1,6‐hexanediammonium (HDA) cation. HIB comprises [InBr6]3− octahedra, and [InBr4]− tetrahedra units spaced 3.9 Å apart by the HDA linker. The [InBr4]− unit is additionally linked to HDA via intercalated bromine through hydrogen and halogen bonding interactions, respectively. This structural arrangement lowers the dielectric confinement, thereby enhancing carrier density and mobility, and increasing the diffusion coefficient compared to CIB. With 3.6 % bromine vacancy within the [InBr4]− block, mid‐gap states are created, reducing the direct band gap to 2.19 eV. HIB demonstrates an unprecedently high responsivity of 9975.9±201.6 mA W−1 under 3 V potential bias at 485 nm wavelength, among low‐dimensional hybrid halides. In the absence of potential bias, the self‐powered photodetection parameters are 81.2±3.0 mA W−1 and (6.98±0.21)×109 Jones.