bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TARHANDS: A MESSY MANIFESTO
Authors: Cariou Warren 
Published: April 2015

This essay attempts to make visible the physical reality of the Athabasca oil sands mining developments in Canada, a reality that has been occluded by corporate and governmental disinformation as well as by citizens’ unwillingness to face the consequences of their actions and their inaction. By presenting photographs of oil sands mining operations interspersed with brief ironic narratives, aphorisms and poems, the essay creates a collage of disjunctive responses to the contemporary situation in the Canadian petro-state. Given that this situation is one of national self-deception, denial and fundamentally irrational behavior, the paper sets aside any attempt to make reasoned arguments about conservation or regulation, and instead embraces irrationality as the last possible mode of engagement with a contemporary public that will no longer listen to reason. In tone and structure the essay echoes F. T. Marinetti’s 1909 “Futurist Manifesto,” but it is very different in its intent, mapping a way toward a different kind of future than the technologized and hyper-individualistic one that Marinetti espoused. By moving into the realm of the irrational and engaging with Canadian petroculture as an expression of a kind of national unconscious, the essay attempts to reveal some of the psychological structures that prevent Canadians from seeing the dirt that is on their hands.
OIL IMAG(E)INARIES: CRITICAL REALISM AND THE OIL SANDS
Authors: Szeman Imre , Whiteman Maria 
Published: April 2015

This photo-essay constitutes an initial attempt to map out the forces and dynamics of capital at work in Fort McMurray, Alberta—a primary site of global oil extraction and a space that is now at the heart of the contemporary Canadian economy; it does so through the practice of ‘critical realism’ advocated by artist and critic Allan Sekula. The essay consists of three parts. In the first part, we describe the characteristics of Sekula’s critical realism, focusing in particular on his employment of this aesthetico-political practice in his book Fish Story (1991), an attempt to challenge dominant narratives about globalization as immaterial and unrepresentable by means of a focus on the transportation of goods by container ships. In the second part, we explore the challenge of representing another all-too frequently hidden material dimension of globalization: our continued dependence on oil and its by-products. Instead of focusing directly and literally on the site of oil extraction, the photo-essay we produce in the third part probes the effects of oil on life and labour in Fort McMurray. We do so in order to better understand the city’s specific socio-political challenges and to grasp the broader implications of oil for contemporary politics, culture and representation.
STEALING OR STEELING THE IMAGE? THE FAILED BRANDING OF THE GUERRILLERO HEROICO IMAGE OF CHE GUEVARA
Authors: Cambre Maria-Carolina 
Published: April 2015

This article traces the ongoing tension between those who would characterize Alberto Korda’s famous image of Che Guevara, The Guerrillero Heroico, as a brand, trademark or logo, and those who insist it is a political/cultural icon and non-commercial and that these categories are mutually exclusive. The question of whether the image has been emptied of political content, and the debate around the copyrighting of an image considered by many to be in the public domain and a cultural icon are explored. The long-lasting struggle over the meanings and collective memories associated with this image indicate the possibility that both processes of commodification and radicalization of the image of Che Guevara can coexist. Using the literature on consumer research to engage definitions of branding as a commercially geared venture, this article teases out the problematics of different uses of the photograph and its derivatives, and highlights ambiguities around the notions of creation and authorship. After examining this image’s role within Cuba, Cuban use outside of Cuba, and its commercial and non-commercial uses by non-Cubans, I conclude that attempts at branding products with this particular image fail, and therefore its copyrighting is irrelevant.
“MIRRORING TERROR”: THE IMPACT OF 9/11 ON HOLLYWOOD CINEMA
Authors: Riegler Thomas 
Published: April 2015

By drawing upon Siegfried Kracauer’s concept of cinema as a “mirror” of society, this article explores the impact of the “terror years” since 2001 on US cinema. Hollywood was the main cultural apparatus for coping with 9/11, which had left Americans struggling in the “desert of the real” (Žižek). Visual content simplifies traumatic events like the terrorist attacks for audiences—often expressing them in simple Manichean black and white terms and thereby offering moral guidance, unity, and a sense of destiny. Hollywood’s response to 9/11 included all these different aspects: It appealed to an “unbroken” spirit, strove to reassert the symbolic coordinates of the prevailing American reality, and mobilised for a response to new challenges. With time passing, Hollywood also incorporated the mounting doubts and dissent associated with this process. As the review of relating movies of the “terror years” demonstrates, the American film industry has examined, processed, and interpreted the meaning of the terrorist attacks in great variety: Ranging from merely atmospheric references to re-enactments, from pro-war propaganda to critical self-inquiry.
Solar-Generated Steam for Oil Recovery: Process Integration Options, Net Energy Fraction, and Carbon Market Impacts
Authors: O'Donnell J. , Heisler M.A. , Chandra M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
Review of the process integration alternatives for interconnecting solar steam generators into existing steam facilities, and resulting facilities costs, energy contribution (solar fraction), and net CO2 credits generated.

Methods, Procedures, Process
Siting and land footprints were chosen for several thermal recovery projects. Three integration options were studied: water preheating, constant-rate steam with balanced boiler turndown, and variable-rate steam distribution. Solar collector arrays were laid out and hourly energy production modeled. Aspen Hysys studies were carried out and line sizes, pressure drops, and facilities costs were estimated for the full path to the wellhead. Annual total contributions to steam injected (solar fraction) were evaluated.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
Solar preheating of boiler feedwater required the least changes to existing facilities, and was economical especially at fields with lower temperature boiler feedwater; solar fraction was limited in most cases to under 6%. Constant-rate steam injection increased practical solar fraction to above 15%, while requiring changes only to the steam generator setting. Variable-rate steam injection involved facilities changes to wellhead rate control devices but allowed over 50% solar fraction with economical facilities costs.

Novel/Additive Information
In March 2014, the California Air Resources Board released an estimate that if 30% of California oilfield steam were solar, 3.7 million tons/yr of credits would be generated in the Cap & Trade program, and an additional 4.3 million tons/yr in the Low Carbon Fuel Standard program. Facilities and land constraints associated with achieving that target are reviewed.
Minimizing NPT: The Elimination of Cement Plug Failures in the Western US
Authors: Hudson M. , Sones E.A. , Eulberg J.T. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Industry-wide cement plug failures account for more than 1,000 hours of lost time and USD 20 million in nonproductive time (NPT) costs each year, including individual failures responsible for up to 350 hours of lost time and USD 3 million in NPT costs. These failures include unset or soft cement that cannot meet the plug requirements, top of cement not at the designed depth, loss of cement plug, and stuck pipe. The causes of cement plug failures include incorrect temperatures, slurry contamination, cement falling in the wellbore, and inadequate displacement methods.
Best practices applied during a new process include temperature mapping of major fields, evaluation of the plug base, implementation of mechanical fluid separation, optimization of balancing fluids while pulling out of hole, and mathematical modeling of fluid contamination. The peer-review process for the design answers four simple questions: Is the design documentation complete and accurate? Does the design meet a clearly defined client objective? Does the design adhere to plug cementing best practices? Is the cementing crew prepared to properly execute the job?
In 2012, nine western US cement plug failures resulted in over 200 hours of lost time and USD 500,000 in NPT costs. The lack of technical design criteria and accountability process demonstrated the need for improvement. In response, a regional investigation and quality initiative were launched. The investigation found regional failures related to cement contamination, incorrect displacement, poor slurry design, and incorrect well data. As a result, a specific process for handling all plug cement jobs was implemented. This process included adherence to a number of plug cementing best practices and a peer-review of all plug cement designs.
Approximately 500 cement plug jobs have been executed within the last 27 months in the western US region since the implementation of the plug cementing process. In this time, there have been no plug failures, no NPT, and no rig costs from failed cement plug operations.
Impact of Stimulation Net to Gross Ratio on Hydraulic Fracture Deliverability in Unconventional Resources
Authors: Ganpule S. , Waters G. , Al-Jalal Z. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We propose a novel concept relating to using net-to-gross (NTG) ratios in characterizing hydraulic fracture deliverability. Current NTG considerations applied in unconventional resources are primarily petrophysics-based. However, the variability of in-situ stress and material properties in the vertical direction greatly influence placement and vertical connectivity of a given hydraulic fracture. Hence, the areas of low connectivity within the created fracture system, such as pinch offs, can impact production performance and thus become a key asset development driver that ultimately influences project economics. Therefore, characterizing pinch offs in a created fracture network becomes a necessity. Such characterization can be accomplished by splitting NTG into two components—petrophysical (NTG-P) and stimulation (NTG-S). The focus of this work is the NTG-S.
The proposed NTG-S is currently based on hydraulic fracture and production models coupled with calibration data from offset wells. For a given stress and material property profile, hydraulic fracture geometries are estimated using a fracture simulator with multiple calibration points. The post fracture closure width profile from the calibrated fracture model indicates possible pinch points along the created fracture height. The calibrated fracture geometry is then integrated into a production model, where the impact of the pinch points on well performance is simulated while honoring the actual production data. High-resolution stress logs and fullbore cores can help to address uncertainty in location and severity of pinch points and aid in reducing the non-uniqueness that is inherent to production models.
NTG-S influences the productive fracture height, which in turn impacts the drainage volume and drainage area around a well. Subsequently, the drainage area affects well spacing and completion design considerations. For a given productive fracture surface area, overestimating NTG-S (assuming a large productive fracture height) can result in an assumed short drainage length, leading operators to laterally place offset wells closer than needed. Conversely, underestimating NTG-S can cause operators to space offset wells too far apart, resulting in lower recoveries. Consequently, in very thick unconventional reservoirs, stacked horizontal wells may be more appropriate. Accounting for NTG-S allows optimizing lateral landing points to ensure optimum drainage configuration is achieved.
Robust Spacer System for Water and Oil based Mud
Authors: Pernites Roderick , Khammar Merouane , Santra Ashok 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Cementing is an extremely important part in completion that is mainly dependent on successful wellbore clean-up of drilling fluid or mud. As a unique strategy, a cleaning fluid (or series of fluids) called as spacer (or spacer train) is first deployed to displace the mud and clean the wellbore prior to pumping the cement slurry. However, efficient mud clean-up is highly difficult and has been a perennial challenge. This paper reports a new robust cement spacer that can be used for efficient cleaning of water-based and oil-based drilling fluids and enables metal casing water-wetting. Rheological modelling has been carried out to determine the best suited model as well as to demonstrate the factors that influence effective fluid flow in the annulus. The designed spacer also demonstrates high compatibility with the mud and the cement, and it can be designed at varying densities by simply adjusting the ratio of the base materials in the formulation. The addition of the new advanced surfactant solution enables the spacer oil based mud (OBM) compatible.
This paper also introduces a cost effective and new improved laboratory approach of directly evaluating the relative OBM cleaning efficacy of surfactants in spacers on metal casing and formation, which is a novelty of this work that can be easily adopted in any field laboratory. Briefly, the method involves staining of the OBM with a very distinct red-colored organic dye, which permits better visibility of the OBM if it is or not efficiently removed during the clean-up procedure demonstrated in a conventional rheometer sleeve test. This innovative technique provides an advantage of clearly determining if a monolayer of oil still remains on the surface even after spacer washing.
Retrieval of Misfired Perforating Systems from Shallow Well Operations: Potential Thermal Cookoff Hazard
Authors: Davidson Justine M. , Barker James M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
During perforating operations, the vast majority of perforating runs are executed without issue. It is possible, however, for misfires to occur. A special case of misfire can result when guns partially fire, leaving an unknown state of the remaining ballistic train. This type of misfire warrants deeper consideration, particularly for shallow well perforating on wireline. This paper examines how a partially fired gun can create a potentially hazardous situation based on the mechanism of delayed thermal cookoff.
A relevant scenario for wireline perforating operations is used to simulate the delayed cookoff process. It begins with the initiation of a portion of the explosive train and the resulting release of heat. This raises the internal temperature and pressure of the gun, further accelerating thermal decomposition of the remaining explosive components. This continues to add heat and pressure to the system, potentially creating a situation of runaway reaction. The outcome of the process during gun retrieval can range from quiet decomposition to gun burst, depending on the starting conditions and reaction kinetics.
Decomposition calculations and the accompanying pressure response are made using multi-step time iterations that show the progression of the decomposition process over time. Several factors can affect the decomposition reaction, such as downhole temperature, the amount of explosives that initially react, explosive type, and the free air volume inside the gun. For the case of runaway reaction, which can result in violent gun burst, proper job planning must be considered beforehand to help prevent damage to equipment and injury to personnel, should the event occur upon retrieval of guns to surface. To help mitigate risk, it is critical to advantageously use time and cooler temperatures in these situations. Moreover, to reduce uncertainty, the benefits of taking quantitative surface measurements are discussed.
This paper describes the mechanism for delayed thermal cookoff and its potentially hazardous impact when retrieving misfired guns. The paper additionally shows how field personnel can determine if it is occurring at surface. A recommended procedure for retrieving these guns is suggested, which is wholly consistent with OSHA Process Safety Management.
Denoising of Seismic Data Using Curvelet Transformation: The Effect of on the Content of the Data
Authors: Dashtian Hassan , Sahimi Muhammad 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Seismic data usually contain stochastic noise, such as the ground roll (GR), a coherent noise. The noise masks the useful content of the data, such as geologic information that seismic records contain. Removal of the noise has always been a problem of fundamental importance. There are already several methods for removing the noise from seismic images, almost all of which have the drawback that they degrade both the noisy and the “unpolluted” regions in seismic images. In addition, seismic data typically contain long-range correlations, characterized by a Hurst exponent H. In this study we propose a novel method for denoising the entire seismic image. The method is based on the curvelet transform (CT), a multiscale transformation with strong directional characters that provides an optimal representation of objects with discontinuities along their edges. We also study the effect of denoising on the Hurst exponent and, hence the long-range correlations that the images contains. Then, to reduce, or eliminate altogether, the impact of denoising on the correlations in the seismic data contain, we propose a denoising method based on the CT and a coherence index (CI) that we introduce in this paper. As an example, we apply the method to seismic images that are contaminated with the GR noise. First, the CI, representing a measure of the amount of energy contained in the most coherent modes of Karhunen-Loeve transform for any given segment of the data, is computed. The contaminated region of the data is then identified as the region with the maximum CI. After demarcating the contaminated segment, the CT is used to eliminate the noise. The method removes the noise with negligible distortion of the data's non-contaminated region. Its computations are also significantly more efficient than those of the previous methods. The use of the method is demonstrated by its application to synthetic, as well as actual seismic data for hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Applying Machine Learning Techniques to Interpret Flow Rate, Pressure and Temperature Data From Permanent Downhole Gauges
Authors: Tian Chuan , Horne Roland N. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Permanent downhole gauges (PDGs) provide a continuous record of pressure, temperature, and sometimes flow rate during well production. The continuous record provides us rich information about the reservoir and makes PDG data a valuable source for reservoir analysis. It has been shown in previous work that the convolution kernel based data mining approach is a promising tool to interpret flow rate and pressure data from PDGs. The convolution kernel method denoises and deconvolves the pressure signal successfully without explicit breakpoint detection. However, the bottlenecks of computational efficiency and incomplete recovery of reservoir behaviors limit the application of the method to interpret real PDG data.
In this paper, three different machine learning techniques were applied to flow rate - pressure interpretation. We formulated the problem into a linear regression on parameters that connect the nonlinear flow rate features with pressure targets. The linear process leads to a closed form solution, which speeds up the computation dramatically. Linear regression was shown to have the same learning quality as the convolution kernel method, and outperforms it with much less computational effort.
Kernel ridge regression was applied to address the issue of incomplete recovery of reservoir behaviors. Kernel ridge regression utilizes the expanded features given by the kernel function to capture the more detailed reservoir behaviors, while controlling the prediction error using ridge regression. It was shown that kernel ridge regression recovers the full reservoir behaviors successfully, e.g. wellbore storage effect, skin effect, infinite-acting radial flow and boundary effect.
Some potential uses of temperature data from PDGs are also discussed in this paper. Machine learning was shown to be able to model temperature and pressure data recorded by PDGs, even if the actual physical model is complex. This originates from the fact that by using features as an approximation, machine learning does not require perfect knowledge of the physical model. The modeling of pressure using temperature data was extended to two promising applications: pressure history reconstruction using temperature data, and the cointerpretation of temperature and pressure data when flow rate data are not available.