bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodilution-Derived Coronary Blood Flow Pattern Immediately After Coronary Intervention as a Predictor of Microcirculatory Damage and Midterm Clinical Outcomes in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Fukunaga Masashi , Fujii Kenichi , Kawasaki Daizo , Sawada Hisashi , Miki Koujiro , Tamaru Hiroto , Imanaka Takahiro , Iwasaku Toshihiro , Nakata Tsuyoshi , Shibuya Masahiko , Akahori Hirokuni , Masutani Motomaru , Kobayashi Kaoru , Ohyanagi Mitsumasa , Masuyama Tohru 
Published: February 2014

Background—
Despite a sufficient coronary blood flow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction; some patients have a poor outcome because of microcirculatory damage. This study evaluates whether the thermodilution-derived coronary blood flow parameters immediately after primary percutaneous coronary intervention predict early microvascular damage and midterm outcomes in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results—

Using a pressure sensor/thermistor-tipped guidewire, we measured the index of microcirculatory resistance at maximum hyperemia, and coronary blood flow pattern was assessed from the thermodilution curves after successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention in 88 patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary blood flow pattern was classified into 3 groups according to the shape of thermodilution curve: a narrow unimodal (n=41), a wide unimodal (n=32), or bimodal (n=15). All patients had contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance scans within 2 weeks. The index of microcirculatory resistance values were significantly higher both in a wide unimodal and in a bimodal groups than in a narrow unimodal group (65±41 and 76±38 versus 20±9U;
P
<0.001). Bimodal group had higher prevalence of microvascular obstruction on contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance when compared with the other groups (100%, 78%, and 30%;
P
<0.001). Patients in bimodal group had a higher risk of death and heart failure rehospitalization at 6 months (73%, 6.3%, 7.3%;
P
<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that bimodal shape of the thermodilution curve was the only independent predictor of cardiac death at 6 months after ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions—
A bimodal shape of the thermodilution curve, which may indicate myocardial edema and consequent extrinsic compression of the capillary network, is associated with microcirculatory damage and poor midterm clinical outcomes rather than index of microcirculatory resistance value itself.
Combination Treatment With N-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline and Tissue Plasminogen Activator Provides Potent Neuroprotection in Rats After Stroke
Authors: Zhang Li , Chopp Michael , Teng Hua , Ding Guangliang , Jiang Quan , Yang Xiao Ping , Rhaleb Nour Eddine , Zhang Zheng Gang 
Published: February 2014

Background and Purpose—
N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP), an endogenously produced circulating peptide in humans and rodents, exerts anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activities in various cardiovascular diseases.

Methods—
The present study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of AcSDKP alone and in combination with thrombolytic therapy in a rat model of embolic focal cerebral ischemia.

Results—
We found that treatment with AcSDKP alone at 1 hour or the combination treatment with AcSDKP and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) at 4 hours after stroke onset substantially increased AcSDKP levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and robustly reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits, without increasing the incidence of brain hemorrhage compared with ischemic rats treated with saline, AcSDKP alone at 4 hours, and tPA alone at 4 hours. Moreover, the combination treatment considerably reduced the density of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) positive cerebral blood vessels in the ischemic brain, all of which were associated with reduced microvascular fibrin extravasation and platelet accumulation compared with tPA monotherapy. In vitro, AcSDKP blocked fibrin-elevated TGF-β1, PAI-1, and NF-κB proteins in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Conclusions—
Our data indicate that AcSDKP passes the blood–brain barrier, and that treatment of acute stroke with AcSDKP either alone at 1 hour or in combination with tPA at 4 hours of the onset of stroke is effective to reduce ischemic cell damage in a rat model of embolic stroke. Inactivation of TGF-β and NF-κB signaling by AcSDKP in the neurovascular unit may underlie the neuroprotective effect of AcSDKP.
Jesus the Pervert
Authors:   Worthington
Published: February 2014

Most contemporary readings of the Markan temple incident in Mark 11.15-17 seems to reflect a common Western liberal approach to political change, an approach which suggests that political institutions are inherently good yet at times must be reformed in the interest of the marginalized. Thus according to many interpreters, Jesus enacts a (rather unsuccessful) political demonstration to reform the temple back to its idyllic institutional goals. Instead, this paper, informed by contemporary notions of political insurrection, suggests that Jesus’ criticism of the temple is hardly a prophetic renewal or reform. Rather, the narrative of Mark 11.15-17 is meant to show Jesus’ total symbolic rejection of the temple as social, economic, and political core. Jesus’ actions in the temple are not meant to open up a greater access for the poor and marginalized; instead, in an act of free choice, Jesus the pervert rejects the efficacy of the temple itself, and, in a truly revolutionary manner, advocates a movement from the stricture of the relationship altogether. As the visceral presence of God on the earth, the Second Temple creates an unfortunate economy of desire whereby God must remain at a prohibitive distance, a self-perpetuating cycle where access is controlled and limited on the basis of ethnicity, sexuality, and purity. The temple, endowed with economic, agrarian, and sexual surplus, manufactures a presence of God which must remain structurally inaccessible in order for it to retain the essential neurotic element of desire and distance. However, through judging both the rich and the poor, and halting the flow of sacred goods, Jesus the pervert exposes this neurotic cycle of desire as fantasy at the cost of his own life. Incorporating insurrectionist insight from Slavoj Žižek, the Occupy Movement, and others like the Anonymous Collective allows our interpretation to move beyond the standard “Jesus as Political Reformer” to a much more dangerous interpretation of Jesus as politically perverse. It is this more dangerous perspective which can make better sense of the reality of Jesus’ execution and help to identify this pericope as an authentic account of political dissent.
Development of an interprofessional program for cardiovascular prevention in primary care: A participatory research approach
Authors: Lalonde Lyne , Goudreau Johanne , Hudon Éveline , Lussier Marie-Thérèse , Bareil Céline , Duhamel Fabie , Lévesque Lise , Turcotte Alain , Lalonde Gilles ,   Group for TRANSIT to Best Practices in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Primary Care
Published: February 2014

Background: The chronic care model provides a framework for improving the management of chronic diseases. Participatory research could be useful in developing a chronic care model–based program of interventions, but no one has as yet offered a description of precisely how to apply the approach. Objectives: An innovative, structured, multi-step participatory process was applied to select and develop (1) chronic care model–based interventions program to improve cardiovascular disease prevention that can be adapted to a particular regional context and (2) a set of indicators to monitor its implementation. Methods: Primary care clinicians (n = 16), administrative staff (n = 2), patients and family members (n = 4), decision makers (n = 5), researchers, and a research coordinator (n = 7) took part in the process. Additional primary care actors (n = 26) validated the program. Results: The program targets multimorbid patients at high or moderate risk of cardiovascular disease with uncontrolled hypertension, dyslipidemia or diabetes. It comprises interprofessional follow-up coordinated by case-management nurses, in which motivated patients are referred in a timely fashion to appropriate clinical and community resources. The program is supported by clinical tools and includes training in motivational interviewing. A set of 89 process and clinical indicators were defined. Conclusion: Through a participatory process, a contextualized interventions program to optimize cardiovascular disease prevention and a set of quality indicators to monitor its implementation were developed. Similar approach might be used to develop other health programs in primary care if program developers are open to building on community strengths and priorities.
Interpreting pulmonary function tests
Authors: Hughes J.M.B. 
Published: February 2014

Educational aimsTo elucidate the purpose of pulmonary function tests (PFTs).To describe a pathway (algorithm) for interpreting PFTs, in a diagnostic sense, from measurements of spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC)), lung volume (total lung capacity (TLC)) and gas transfer and coefficient (transfer factor for the lung for carbon monoxide (TL,CO) and transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide (KCO)).SummaryPFTs are quantitative (for assessment) as well as qualitative (for diagnosis). The assessment aspect asks “are the results normal?”, “how abnormal?”, “has there been a significant change post–bronchodilator, or since the last measurement?”, “can this patient withstand a pneumonectomy?”,etc.The qualitative aspect looks at a portfolio of results (spirometry, lung volumes, gas transfer and muscle pressures) and makes a physiological diagnosis of 1) airflow obstruction: a) intrathoracic or extrathoracic, b) with or without alveolar damage; or 2) restriction: a) intrapulmonary, b) extrapulmonary — chest wall/pleura or neuromuscular. The physiological diagnosis may or may not support the provisional clinical diagnosis as given on the Pulmonary Function Request Form. Interpretation starts with the distinction between obstructive and restrictive disease, based primarily on TLC and the FEV1, the FVC and the FEV1/FVC ratio. The transfer factor and coefficient (TL,CO andKCO) add useful information regarding alveolar damage, pulmonary microvascular pathology, decreased alveolar expansion (neuromuscular disease) and discrete loss of units. A highKCO should prompt measurement of maximal inspiratory (PI,max) and expiratory (PE,max) pressures. Special tests have been developed recently to detect bronchiolar disease (multi–breath nitrogen washout with slope analysis). Exercise testing focuses more on assessment and prognosis than on diagnosis.
The metabolic consequences of obstructive sleep apnoea in children
Authors: Verhulst S. 
Published: February 2014

Educational aimsTo define the metabolic syndrome in the paediatric population.To describe the long-term morbidity of paediatric metabolic syndrome in early adulthood.To investigate the relationship between OSA and metabolic syndrome during childhood, across age ranges and across different degrees of obesity.To identify future areas of research.SummaryThe metabolic syndrome is defined as the clustering of hyperinsulinaemia, obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Its prevalence in the paediatric population in the US is estimated at ∼4%, but this can rise to 20–50% in obese children. The presence of aspects of the metabolic syndrome in childhood is closely linked to factors such as obesity, insulin resistance and early signs of cardiovascular disease in young adulthood.While in adults there is a strong relationship between sleep-disordered breathing and obesity, and hence with other factors associated with the metabolic syndrome, the evidence in children has not been as clear-cut, although factors such as arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) and apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) have been shown to correlate with aspects of the metabolic syndrome.Intervention studies in sleep-disordered breathing with metabolic syndrome, using adenotonsillectomy, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and weight loss, have produced mixed results, and the optimum treatment remains unclear. Randomised controlled trials of these treatments, along with larger-scale and longitudinal studies to tease out the associations between sleep-disordered breathing, obesity and the metabolic syndrome in a paediatric context, are needed.
Mesothelioma: an update
Authors: Berghmans T. 
Published: February 2014

Educational aimsTo show that malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an increasing incident cancer, affecting mainly men at older age and related in most of the cases to asbestos exposure.To emphasise that histology is the key-point for the diagnosis of mesothelioma and should follow the recommendations of the International Mesothelioma Panel.To demonstrate that the treatment of MPM is palliative in most instances, chemotherapy with cisplatin plus pemetrexed being the standard of care in good performance status patients with surgery being reserved for highly selected patients.SummaryMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a relatively rare neoplasm, the incidence of which is now growing due to the large use of asbestos in the last decades. Although asbestos is banned from most of the industrialised countries, it is still largely used in emerging ones suggesting the persistence of the MPM epidemic. Despite observed advances, MPM is still a difficult disease to be diagnosed and treated. Few active therapeutics are currently available and the role of surgery remains debatable. Outside of clinical trials, there is no definite place for radiotherapy. The combination of cisplatin and pemetrexed is nowadays the standard first-line chemotherapy regimen for good performance status patients. New promising therapeutic approaches are under investigation such as histone deacetylase inhibitors vorinostat and valproate. Guidelines recently developed by a combined European Respiratory Society and European Society of Thoracic Surgery Task Force are now available and can serve the pneumologists and oncologists in their daily practice.
Use of country of birth as an indicator of refugee background in health datasets
Authors: Gibson-Helm Melanie , Boyle Jacqueline , Block Andrew , Teede Helena 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Routine public health databases contain a wealth of data useful for research among vulnerable or isolated groups, who may be under-represented in traditional medical research. Identifying specific vulnerable populations, such as resettled refugees, can be particularly challenging; often country of birth is the sole indicator of whether an individual has a refugee background. The objective of this article was to review strengths and weaknesses of different methodological approaches to identifying resettled refugees and comparison groups from routine health datasets and to propose the application of additional methodological rigour in future research.

Discussion
Methodological approaches to selecting refugee and comparison groups from existing routine health datasets vary widely and are often explained in insufficient detail. Linked data systems or datasets from specialized refugee health services can accurately select resettled refugee and asylum seeker groups but have limited availability and can be selective. In contrast, country of birth is commonly collected in routine health datasets but a robust method for selecting humanitarian source countries based solely on this information is required. The authors recommend use of national immigration data to objectively identify countries of birth with high proportions of humanitarian entrants, matched by time period to the study dataset. When available, additional migration indicators may help to better understand migration as a health determinant. Methodologically, if multiple countries of birth are combined, the proportion of the sample represented by each country of birth should be included, with sub-analysis of individual countries of birth potentially providing further insights, if population size allows. United Nations-defined world regions provide an objective framework for combining countries of birth when necessary. A comparison group of economic migrants from the same world region may be appropriate if the resettlement country is particularly diverse ethnically or the refugee group differs in many ways to those born in the resettlement country.

Summary
Routine health datasets are valuable resources for public health research; however rigorous methods for using country of birth to identify resettled refugees would optimize usefulness of these resources.
Do early onset and pack-years of smoking increase risk of type II diabetes?
Authors: Kim Sun Jung , Jee Sun Ha , Nam Jung Mo , Cho Woo Hyun , Kim Jae-Hyun , Park Eun-Cheol 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Type II diabetes is not only major public health problem but also heavy fiscal burden to each nation’s health care system around the world. This study aimed to investigate the effect of early onset and pack-years of smoking on type II diabetes risk.

Methods
We used the most recent cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey set of South Korea (2010) and the United States (2009–2010). Participants who were diagnosed with diabetes after age 20 were included (South Korea: n = 7273, 44% male; U.S.: n = 3271, 52% male). Cox proportional models, stratified by sex and country, were used to estimate hazard ratios.

Results
7.1% of South Korean men, 5.5% of South Korean women, 15.5% of U.S. men, and 12.4% of U.S. women had type II diabetes; 40% of South Korean men, 34% of U.S. men, and 21% of U.S. women began smoking before age 20 (57%, 49%, 36% of those who had type II diabetes, respectively). Type II diabetic participants were older and married; have a higher BMI, low income, and less education; lack moderate physical activity, smoked more and earlier compared to those without type II diabetes. Differences in risk factors including life-style behaviors and SES were found in both diabetic and non-diabetic populations. Men who began smoking before age 16 had a higher type II diabetes risk than who never smoked (South Korea: hazard ratio [HR] 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–5.79; U.S.: HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.01–2.67), as did U.S. men who began smoking between 16 and 20 years (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05–2.37). Smoking pack-years were also associated with type II diabetes in U.S. men (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.12). In women population, however, associations were not found.

Conclusions
Early onset of smoking increases type II diabetic risk among men in South Korea and the U.S., and type II diabetic risk increases with higher pack-years in U.S. men, however, no associations were found in women population. Underage tobacco policy and education programs are strongly needed in both countries.
The effect of high‐top and low‐top shoes on ankle inversion kinematics and muscle activation in landing on a tilted surface
Authors: Fu Weijie , Fang Ying , Liu Yu , Hou Jianfu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere is still uncertainty concerning the beneficial effects of shoe collar height for ankle sprain prevention and very few data are available in the literature regarding the effect of high‐top and low‐top shoes on muscle responses during landing. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of high‐top and low‐top shoes on ankle inversion kinematics and pre‐landing EMG activation of ankle evertor muscles during landing on a tilted surface.MethodsThirteen physical education students landed on four types of surfaces wearing either high‐top shoes (HS) or low‐top shoes (LS). The four conditions were 15° inversion, 30° inversion, combined 25° inversion + 10° plantar flexion, and combined 25° inversion + 20° plantar flexion. Ankle inversion kinematics and EMG data of the tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), and peroneus brevis (PB) muscles were measured simultaneously. A 2 × 4 (shoe × surface) repeated measures ANOVA was performed to examine the effect of shoe and landing surfaces on ankle inversion and EMG responses.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between the various types of shoes in the maximum ankle inversion angle, the ankle inversion range of motion, and the maximum ankle inversion angular velocity after foot contact for all conditions. However, the onset time of TA and PB muscles was significantly later wearing HS compared to LS for the 15° inversion condition. Meanwhile, the mean amplitude of the integrated EMG from the 50 ms prior to contact (aEMGpre) of TA was significantly lower with HS compared to LS for the 15° inversion condition and the combined 25° inversion + 20° plantarflexion condition. Similarly, the aEMGpre when wearing HS compared to LS also showed a 37.2% decrease in PL and a 31.0% decrease in PB for the combined 25° inversion + 20° plantarflexion condition and the 15° inversion condition, respectively.ConclusionThese findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting that wearing high‐top shoes can, in certain conditions, induce a delayed pre‐activation timing and decreased amplitude of evertor muscle activity, and may therefore have a detrimental effect on establishing and maintaining functional ankle joint stability.
Which components or attributes of biodiversity influence which dimensions of poverty?
Authors: Roe Dilys , Fancourt Max , Sandbrook Chris , Sibanda Mxolisi , Giuliani Alessandra , Gordon-Maclean Andrew 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background
There is an explicit assumption in international policy statements that biodiversity can help in efforts to tackle global poverty. This systematic map was stimulated by an interest in better understanding the evidence behind this assumption by disaggregating the terms and asking - as our review question - which components or attributes of biodiversity influence which dimensions of poverty?

Methods
We employed a search strategy that covered peer-reviewed and grey literature. Relevant studies included in the map were those that described an interaction by poor people with biodiversity in non-OECD countries and documented some kind of contribution (positive or negative) to different aspects of their well-being.

Results
A total of 387 studies were included in the final systematic map. Of these 248 met our additional criteria that studies should include a measure of the contribution to poverty alleviation. The studies were widely distributed geographically. Ecological distribution was less well spread, however, with the largest number of studies focussed on forests. We found studies addressing 12 different dimensions of poverty/well-being – although the most commonly studied was income. Similarly we found studies addressing all levels of biodiversity from genes to ecosystems. The largest number of studies was focussed on groups of resources – particularly non-timber forest products. In most cases, abundance was the attribute that made biodiversity important for poverty alleviation/well-being, while diversity was the least frequently noted attribute.

Conclusions
The map highlights a number of apparent gaps in the evidence base. Very few studies documented any causal link between use of biodiversity and an impact on poverty. In the majority of the studies biodiversity was framed in terms of its value as a resource – in the form of specific goods that can be used to generate tangible benefits such as cash, food fuel. Very few studies explored the underpinning role of biodiversity in ecosystem service delivery for poverty alleviation, and fewer investigated the benefits of diversity as a form of insurance or adaptive capacity. This is where we suggest research should be prioritised.