bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Production from Aqueous Solutions of Urea with Ruthenium‐based Catalysts
Authors: Furukawa Shinya , Suzuki Ryohei , Ochi Kazuyoshi , Yashima Tatsuaki , Komatsu Takayuki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn efficient catalytic system for hydrogen production from aqueous solution of urea was developed using ruthenium‐based catalysts as an alternative for existing systems based on several H2 carriers. Ru/SiO2 showed the highest H2 yield among various SiO2‐supported transition‐metal catalysts. Optimization of the catalyst support revealed that Ru/Al2O3 exhibited the best catalytic performance, with a minimum amount of CO formed as a by‐product (1.8 mol %). A mechanistic study suggested that the reaction proceeds mainly via two steps: urea hydrolysis (H2NCONH2+H2O→2 NH3+CO2) followed by NH3 decomposition (2 NH3→3 H2+N2).
Electron Bottleneck in the Charge/Discharge Mechanism of Lithium Titanates for Batteries
Authors: Ventosa Edgar , Skoumal Marcel , Vazquez Francisco Javier , Flox Cristina , Arbiol Jordi , Morante Joan Ramon 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe semi‐solid flow battery (SSFB) is a promising storage energy technology featured by employing semi‐solid fluid electrodes containing conductive additive and active Li‐ion battery materials. The state of art anode material for SSFB is Li4Ti5O12 (LTO). This work shows that LTO improves drastically the performance in fluid electrode via hydrogen annealing manifesting the importance of the electrical conductivity of the active material in SSFBs. On the other hand, the properties of fluid electrodes allow the contributions of ionic and electrical resistance to be separated in operando. The asymmetric overpotential observed in Li4Ti5O12 and TiO2 is proposed to originate from the so‐called electron bottleneck mechanism based on the transformation from electrically insulator to conductor upon (de‐)lithiation, or vice versa, which should be considered when modelling, evaluating or designing advanced materials based on Li4Ti5O12, TiO2 or others with insulating‐conducting behavior materials.
The new German soundproofing standard: Comparison between DIN 4109:1989 and E DIN 4109:2013 / Die neue Schallschutznorm: Vergleich DIN 4109:1989 und E DIN 4109:2013
Authors: Kornadt Oliver , Vogel Albert 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn 2013, a new draft of a complete standard for DIN 4109 “Soundproofing in buildings” was issued in 4 parts – “Requirements”, “Method of calculation”, “Parts catalogue” and “Testing acoustics in buildings”. It includes several increases in the requirements for protection against airborne noise and impact sound by comparison to DIN 4109:1989. The increases are based on the grades from monitored buildings of standard construction periodically noted in recent years. Significant changes are also included in Part 2 “Input data for verifying the requirements by calculation”. A detailed computation of all transmission paths is carried out here, taking into account the special vibration reducing indices. For a brick wall, the specific indices for the weighted sound reduction index R’w,R are shown that arise for various formations of the joints. When compared with the calculated values according to DIN 4109:1989 there are differences of up to 10 dB.
Seasonal cycles, phylogenetic assembly, and functional diversity of orchid bee communities
Authors: Ramírez Santiago R. , Hernández Carlos , Link Andres , López‐Uribe Margarita M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNeotropical rainforests sustain some of the most diverse terrestrial communities on Earth. Euglossine (or orchid) bees are a diverse lineage of insect pollinators distributed throughout the American tropics, where they provide pollination services to a staggering diversity of flowering plant taxa. Elucidating the seasonal patterns of phylogenetic assembly and functional trait diversity of bee communities can shed new light into the mechanisms that govern the assembly of bee pollinator communities and the potential effects of declining bee populations. Male euglossine bees collect, store, and accumulate odoriferous compounds (perfumes) to subsequently use during courtship display. Thus, synthetic chemical baits can be used to attract and monitor euglossine bee populations. We conducted monthly censuses of orchid bees in three sites in the Magdalena valley of Colombia – a region where Central and South American biotas converge – to investigate the structure, diversity, and assembly of euglossine bee communities through time in relation to seasonal climatic cycles. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that phylogenetic community structure and functional trait diversity changed in response to seasonal rainfall fluctuations. All communities exhibited strong to moderate phylogenetic clustering throughout the year, with few pronounced bursts of phylogenetic overdispersion that coincided with the transition from wet‐to‐dry seasons. Despite the heterogeneous distribution of functional traits (e.g., body size, body mass, and proboscis length) and the observed seasonal fluctuations in phylogenetic diversity, we found that functional trait diversity, evenness, and divergence remained constant during all seasons in all communities. However, similar to the pattern observed with phylogenetic diversity, functional trait richness fluctuated markedly with rainfall in all sites. These results emphasize the importance of considering seasonal fluctuations in community assembly and provide a glimpse to the potential effects that climatic alterations may have on both pollinator communities and the ecosystem services they provide.
Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,5‐Enynes and 1,5‐Diynes with Propargylic Quaternary Centers
Authors: Pérez Ignacio , Yuste Francisco , Sánchez‐Obregón Rubén , Toscano Rubén A. , Alemán José , Marzo Leyre , Martín Castro Ana M. , Alonso Inés , García Ruano José Luis 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDiastereoselective quaternization of ortho‐sulfinylbenzyl‐methylpropargylic carbanions has been carried out with various allylic, propargylic, and benzylic halides. The stereoselectivity is efficiently controlled by the sulfinyl group, acting as a remote chiral auxiliary. Desulfinylation of the resulting compounds with tBuLi provides access to enantiopure 1,5‐enynes, 1,5‐diynes, and 4‐arylalkynes bearing all‐carbon quaternary propargylic centers.
Highly Enantioselective SPINOL‐Derived Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Diverse C=N‐Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Zhang Yiliang , Zhao Rong , Bao Robert Li‐Yuan , Shi Lei 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA highly efficient and enantioselective hydrogenation of diversely substituted C=N‐containing heterocyclic compounds such as 3‐aryl‐1,4‐benzoxazines and 2‐arylquinolines was experimentally explored by using 1,1′‐spirobiindane‐7,7′‐diol‐derived chiral phosphoric acids as the catalyst. This method provides straightforward access to the corresponding tetrahydroquinolines and dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzothiazines in high yields (85–99 %) with excellent enantioselectivities (91–99 %). The attractive features of this procedure, which include mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, relatively low catalyst loading (1 mol‐%), and high levels of enantioselectivities, make it a useful approach for the practical synthesis of optically active nitrogen‐containing aromatic heterocycles.
Square‐Wave Voltammetry of Electroinactive Surfactants
Authors: Jadreško Dijana , Zelić Marina 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUnder the influence of previously published and some new theoretical results, potential‐ dependent adsorption and desorption of model electroinactive surfactants Triton X‐100 (T‐X‐100 or polyethylene glycol p‐(1,1,3,3‐tetramethylbutyl)‐phenyl ether) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the static mercury drop electrode (SMDE) were studied by square‐wave voltammetry (SWV). Although (according to the theory) the resulting current – potential curve should consist of two highly separated peaks, only desorption signal could be seen on each experimentally obtained voltammogram, most probably because of the limitations concerning the available potential range. Different properties of the recorded peak are in good agreement with the theory indicating that square‐wave voltammetry could be treated as a potential tool for tensammetric studies of electroinactive surface active substances.
In‐depth analysis of Ciflorette strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Ciflorette’) by multidimensional gas chromatography and gas chromatography‐olfactometry
Authors: Cannon Robert J. , Agyemang David , Curto Nicole L. , Yusuf Amir , Chen Michael Z. , Janczuk Adam J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGrown predominantly in France, Ciflorette strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Ciflorette’) possess a well‐balanced fruity aroma and a sweet, creamy taste. The goal of this study was to better understand the chemical composition and key odourants of this unique fruit. Incorporating fractionation and multidimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (MDGC‐MS), the volatile constituents of Ciflorette strawberries are discussed for the first time from the large‐scale extraction of 100 kg of the pureed berries. A total of 24 volatile sulphur compounds were either absolutely confirmed by synthesis or tentatively identified from the different analyses. Three sulphur compounds were synthesized and described in nature for the first time: 1‐(methylthio)‐2,3‐butanedione, 3‐(acetylthio)‐hexanal and 2,6‐dipropyl‐3‐formyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐thiopyran. Finally, GC‐olfactometry (O) conducted by seven panelists led to the identification of 43 aroma‐active compounds in the strawberry extract. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards Supramolecular Catalysis with Small Self‐assembled Peptides
Authors: Singh Nishant , Tena‐Solsona Marta , Miravet Juan F. , Escuder Beatriu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSelf‐assembly of small peptides offers unique opportunities for the bottom‐up construction of supramolecular catalysts that aim to emulate the efficiency and selectivity of natural enzymes. Small, information‐rich, simple molecules based on amino acids can self‐organise autonomously into complex systems with emergent catalytic properties. The power of noncovalent interactions can be used to construct supramolecular peptidic tertiary structures. Moreover, specific functional groups present in amino acid side‐chains may present either a catalytic activity by themselves or be able to bind cofactors such as metal ions. In this scenario, although relevant progress has been achieved in recent years, promising applications in biomaterials science are foreseen. In this review, we discuss the state‐of‐the‐art of this approach at the interface between supramolecular chemistry and peptide science.
EFFECTS OF INFANT AND MATERNAL SENSORY PROCESSING ON INFANT FUSSING, CRYING, AND SLEEP
Authors: McGeorge Kate , Milne Lisa , Cotton Louise , Whelan Tom 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of infant and maternal sensory processing on sleep, fussing, and crying in a sample of 55 firstborn, 4‐ to 7‐month‐old infants and their mothers. Mothers completed self‐report questionnaires to assess maternal and infant sensory processing styles and a 4‐day diary of infant behavior, including sleep, fussing, and crying. Higher levels of infant Sensation Avoiding were associated with less sleep, more fussing, and more crying whereas higher levels of Sensory Sensitivity were associated with less sleep and more fussing. The positive association between infant Sensation Avoiding and crying was strengthened by lower levels of Low Registration in mothers. The effect of infant Sensory Sensitivity on reducing total sleep also was strengthened by lower levels of maternal Low Registration. Assessment of infant sensory processing as well as the moderating effect of maternal sensory processing on the relationship between infant sensory processing and infant regulatory capacities need to be considered when assessing and designing interventions for families in which infant regulation is problematic.
A Semi‐Parametric Analysis of Two‐Sided Markets: An Application to the Local Daily Newspapers in the USA
Authors: Sokullu Senay 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis paper considers an empirical semiparametric model for two‐sided markets. Contrary to existing empirical literature on two‐sided markets, we specify network effects and probability distribution functions of net benefits of the two sides nonparametrically. We then estimate the model by nonparametric instrumental variables regression for local daily newspapers from the USA. We show that semiparametric specification is supported by the data and the network effects are neither linear nor monotonic. With a numerical illustration we demonstrate that the mark‐up of the newspaper on each side changes drastically with the nonlinearly specified network effects from the case with linear network effects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The biostability of cardiac lead insulation materials as assessed from long‐term human implants
Authors: Wilkoff Bruce L. , Rickard John , Tkatchouk Ekaterina , Padsalgikar Ajay D. , Gallagher Genevieve , Runt James 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAccelerated in vitro biostability studies are useful for making relativistic comparisons between materials. However, no in vitro study can completely replicate the complex biochemical and biomechanical environment that a material experiences in the human body. To overcome this limitation, three insulation materials [Optim™ insulation (OPT), Pellethane® 55D (P55D), and silicone elastomer] from cardiac leads that were clinically implanted for up to five years were characterized using visual inspection, SEM, ATR‐FTIR, GPC, and tensile testing. Surface cracking was not observed in OPT or silicone samples. Shallow cracking was observed in 17/41 (41%) explanted P55D samples. ATR‐FTIR indicated minor surface oxidation in some OPT and P55D samples. OPT molecular weight decreased modestly (∼20%) at 2–3 years before stabilizing at 4–5 years. OPT tensile strength decreased modestly (∼25%) at 2–3 years before stabilizing at 4–5 years. OPT elongation at 4–5 years was unchanged from controls. P55D had no significant changes in molecular weight or tensile properties. Overall, results for OPT and P55D were consistent with and limited to cosmetic surface oxidation. Silicone demonstrated excellent biostability with no identifiable degradation. This study of explanted cardiac leads revealed that OPT, P55D, and silicone elastomer demonstrate similar and excellent biostability through five years of implantation in human patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 411–421, 2016.
Effect of precursor concentration and spray pyrolysis temperature upon hydroxyapatite particle size and density
Authors: Cho Jung Sang , Lee Jeong‐Cheol , Rhee Sang‐Hoon 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the synthesis of hydroxyapatite powders by spray pyrolysis, control of the particle size was investigated by varying the initial concentration of the precursor solution and the pyrolysis temperature. Calcium phosphate solutions (Ca/P ratio of 1.67) with a range of concentrations from 0.1 to 2.0 mol/L were prepared by dissolving calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate in deionized water and subsequently adding nitric acid. Hydroxyapatite powders were then synthesized by spray pyrolysis at 900°C and at 1500°C, using these calcium phosphate precursor solutions, under the fixed carrier gas flow rate of 10 L/min. The particle size decreased as the precursor concentration decreased and the spray pyrolysis temperature increased. Sinterability tests conducted at 1100°C for 1 h showed that the smaller and denser the particles were, the higher the relative densities were of sintered hydroxyapatite disks formed from these particles. The practical implication of these results is that highly sinterable small and dense hydroxyapatite particles can be synthesized by means of spray pyrolysis using a low‐concentration precursor solution and a high pyrolysis temperature under a fixed carrier gas flow rate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 422–430, 2016.
Characterization of Pebax angioplasty balloon surfaces with AFM, SEM, TEM, and SAXS
Authors: Warner Jacob A. , Forsyth Bruce , Zhou Fang , Myers Jason , Frethem Chris , Haugstad Greg 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the medical device industry, angioplasty balloons have been widely used in the less invasive treatment of heart disease by expanding and relieving clogged structures in various arterial segments. However, new applications using thin coatings on the balloon surface have been explored to enhance therapeutic value in the delivery of pharmaceuticals (drug‐elution) or control thermal energy output (RF ablation). In this study, angioplasty balloon materials comprised of poly(ether‐block‐amide) (Pebax) were investigated via atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) to characterize physical properties at the balloon surface that may affect coating adhesion. The soft segment of this Pebax 1074 material is polyethylene oxide (PEO) and the hard segment is nylon‐12. The morphology of the hard segments of this block co‐polymer are found via AFM stiffness measurements to be (40 ± 20) nm by (300 ± 150) nm and are oriented parallel to the surface of the balloon. SAXS measurements found the lamellar spacing to be (18.5 ± 0.5) nm, and demonstrate a preferential orientation in agreement with TEM and AFM measurements. Fixation of this balloon in resin, followed by cryo‐sectioning is shown to provide a novel manner in which to investigate surface characteristics on the balloon such as material or coating thickness as well as uniformity in comparison to the bulk structure. These outputs were deemed critical to improve overall balloon processing such as molding and surface treatment options for robust designs toward better procedural outcomes targeting new therapeutic areas. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 470–475, 2016.
Positive Empathy: A Therapeutic Skill Inspired by Positive Psychology
Authors: Conoley Collie W. , Pontrelli Marla E. , Oromendia Mercedes Fernández , Carmen Bello Beatriz Del , Nagata Chelsea M. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivePositive empathy (PE), a type of empathy response that focuses on a client's hidden message of desire for a better life, was hypothesized to increase the expression of positive emotions, approach goals, and strengths, and to communicate equivalent understanding when compared to traditional empathy (TE).MethodWe examined 4 hypotheses in 2 studies. In study 1, college participants read therapy session vignettes incorporating PE or TE and then listed the client's strengths and goals and rated the therapist and how well they imagined themselves as the client in the vignettes. In study 2, therapist–client dyads attended 6 weekly sessions that incorporated both PE and TE, after which clients rated therapists’ level of empathic understanding and session observers rated clients’ emotional responses, revelations of strengths, and goals in response to empathy.ResultsIn both studies, the results of PE and TE were similar, while PE elicited a greater number of approach goals. In study 2, clients expressed more strengths and positive emotions after PE responses than TE.ConclusionOur results support PE for enhancing client growth (i.e., when a client pursues approach goals, enlists strengths, and experiences positive emotions), which is consistent with the process of positive psychology‐informed psychotherapy
Expedient Protocols for the Installation of 1,5‐benzodiazepine‐based Privileged Templates on 2‐position of α, β‐enone Incorporated Derivatives of the 1,4‐benzodiazepine Nucleus Linked Through a Phenoxyl Spacer
Authors: Kaur Navjeet , Kishore Dharma 
Published: April 2015

Exceedingly facile single‐step expedient protocols based on the versatility and reactivity of corresponding intermediate chalcone (8), derived from 2‐(4′‐acetylphenoxyl) substituted analogue (6) have been developed to provide an easy installation of the 1,5‐benzoazepine‐based (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14) privileged templates at 2‐position of 5‐carboxamido‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐5‐(4′‐methylpiperazinyl)‐carboxamide (4), through a phenoxyl spacer, by utilizing the synthetic strategy depicted in Schemes and .
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fractions in asphalt mixtures using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
Authors: Nascimento Paulo Cicero , Gobo Luciana Assis , Bohrer Denise , Carvalho Leandro Machado , Cravo Margareth Coutinho , Leite Leni Figueiredo Mathias 
Published: April 2015

An analytical method using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in asphalt fractions has been developed. The 14 compounds determined, characterized by having two or more condensed aromatic rings, are expected to be present in asphalt and are considered carcinogenic and mutagenic. The parameters of the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface were optimized to obtain the highest possible sensitivity for all of the compounds. The limits of detection ranged from 0.5 to 346.5 μg/L and the limits of quantification ranged from 1.7 to 1550 μg/L. The method was validated against a diesel particulate extract standard reference material (NIST SRM 1975), and the obtained concentrations agreed with the certified values. The method was applied to asphalt samples after its fractionation according to ASTM D4124 and the method of Green. The concentrations of the seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons quantified in the sample ranged from 0.86 mg/kg for benzo[ghi]perylene to 98.32 mg/kg for fluorene.
Histopathologic margin distance in survival in resection of cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck
Authors: Teng James , Halbert Travis , McMurry Timothy L. , Levine Paul A. , Christophel J. Jared 
Published: April 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTreatment of cutaneous melanoma involves surgical excision with wide clinical margins. No guidelines regarding safe histopathologic margin distance exist. This study examines the impact of histopathologic margin, measured from closest cut edge of the specimen, on overall survival in resection of cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck. We hypothesize that close histopathologic margins (<2 mm) are associated with decreased survival.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsA total of 637 patients were treated for cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck between 2001 and 2011. Demographics, tumor characteristics, histopathologic margin distance (from a pathology database), and survival data from state health registries and health system clinical data repositories were used to create a dataset. Cox regression models and Kaplan‐Meier curves were used to analyze data, adjusting for age, tumor location, ulceration, and depth of invasion (DOI).ResultsWhen analyzing for overall survival, Cox multivariate regression analysis showed age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.0–1.1), DOI (HR = 1.2–1.5), ulceration (HR = 1.3–3.8), and subsite (ear, HR = 1.0–3.9) were significant predictors of survival. Histopathologic margin distance was not significant for predicting survival. Three percent of histopathologic margins were <1 mm.ConclusionsIn a large dataset of head and neck cutaneous melanoma, known factors associated with overall survival (age, DOI, ulceration, subsite) proved significant, validating the dataset. Examining the effect of histopathologic margin distance on survival, while controlling for these factors, we failed to reject the null hypothesis. Margin distance as measured by histopathology does not affect survival.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1856–1860, 2015