bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage: who dies, and why?
Authors: Lantigua Hector , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Schmidt J. Michael , Lee Kiwon , Badjatia Neeraj , Agarwal Sachin , Claassen Jan , Connolly E. Sander , Mayer Stephan A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating form of stroke. Causes and mechanisms of in-hospital death after SAH in the modern era of neurocritical care remain incompletely understood.MethodsWe studied 1200 consecutive SAH patients prospectively enrolled in the Columbia University SAH Outcomes Project between July 1996 and January 2009. Analysis was performed to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality.ResultsIn-hospital mortality was 18 % (216/1200): 3 % for Hunt-Hess grade 1 or 2, 9 % for grade 3, 24 % for grade 4, and 71 % for grade 5. The most common adjudicated primary causes of death or neurological devastation leading to withdrawal of support were direct effects of the primary hemorrhage (55 %), aneurysm rebleeding (17 %), and medical complications (15 %). Among those who died, brain death was declared in 42 %, 50 % were do-not-resuscitate at the time of cardiac death (86 % of whom had life support actively withdrawn), and 8 % died despite full support. Admission predictors of mortality were age, loss of consciousness at ictus, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, large aneurysm size, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) physiologic subscore, and Modified Fisher Scale score. Hospital complications that further increased the risk of dying in multivariable analysis included rebleeding, global cerebral edema, hypernatremia, clinical signs of brain stem herniation, hypotension of less than 90 mm Hg treated with pressors, pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, and hepatic failure. Delayed cerebral ischemia, defined as deterioration or infarction from vasospasm, did not predict mortality.ConclusionStrategies directed toward minimizing early brain injury and aneurysm rebleeding, along with prevention and treatment of medical complication, hold the best promise for further reducing mortality after SAH.
Predictors for mechanical ventilation and short-term prognosis in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome
Authors: Wu Xiujuan , Li Chunrong , Zhang Bing , Shen Donghui , Li Ting , Liu Kangding , Zhang Hong-Liang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionGuillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) is a serious complication of GBS. Identification of modifiable risk factors for MV and poor short-term prognosis in mechanically ventilated patients with GBS may contribute to the individualized management and may help improve the outcome of the patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 541 patients who were diagnosed with GBS from 2003 to 2014. Independent predictors for MV and short-term prognosis in mechanically ventilated patients were identified via multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe mean age was 41.6 years with a male predilection (61.2 %). Eighty patients (14.8 %) required MV. Multivariate analysis revealed that shorter interval from onset to admission (p < 0.05), facial nerve palsy (p < 0.01), glossopharyngeal and vagal nerve deficits (p < 0.01) and lower Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score at nadir (p < 0.01) were risk factors for MV; disease occurrence in summer (p < 0.01) was a protective factor. As to prognostic factors, absence of antecedent infections (p < 0.01) and lower MRC sum score at nadir (p < 0.01) were predictors of poor short-term prognosis in mechanically ventilated patients regardless of treatment modality. We further investigated the predictors of poor short-term prognosis in patients requiring MV with different nadir MRC sum scores. Combined use of intravenous corticosteroids with intravenous immunoglobulin (odds ratio 10.200, 95 % confidence interval 1.068–97.407,p < 0.05) was an independent predictor of poor short-term prognosis in mechanically ventilated patients with a nadir MRC sum score from 0 to 12 points, regardless of existence of antecedent infection.ConclusionsClinical predictors of MV and poor short-term prognosis in mechanically ventilated GBS patients were distinct. Add-on use of intravenous corticosteroids was a risk factor for poor short-term prognosis in mechanically ventilated patients with a nadir MRC sum score from 0 to 12 points.
Synergistic use of Py–THM–GCMS, DTMS, and ESI–MS for the characterization of the organic fraction of modern enamel paints
Authors: Kokkori Maria , Sutherland Ken , Boon Jaap , Casadio Francesca , Vermeulen Marc 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Introduction
In this study, mass spectrometric techniques (THM–Py–GCMS, DTMS and ESI–MS) have been used to characterize the organic fraction of early twentieth century oil-based enamel paints. Analysis has been carried out on dry and liquid samples from historical reference paints, and on color swatches from commercial paint brochures, with a special focus on Ripolin. This renowned French brand of enamel paints, manufactured for household and other uses since 1897, was reportedly used by many avant-garde artists. Confirming the presence of enamel paint such as Ripolin in early twentieth century artworks scientifically through binding medium analysis is challenging because, until the end of the Second World War, the most widely used house paints were oil-based and chemically similar to artists’ oil paints. In addition, artists often modified/reformulated materials including oils, driers, industrial and house paints to customize their handling and optical properties. The challenge of identifying oil-based enamel paints on the basis of chemical composition is illustrated by the analysis of samples from two paintings by Wassily Kandinsky and Pablo Picasso.

Results
Analysis demonstrated that the organic fraction of Ripolin paints is typically composed of heat-bodied linseed oil in mixture with variable amounts of diterpene (Pinaceae) resin, in accordance with the industrial technical literature of the time. Comparative analyses of Lefranc artists’ tube paints suggested a more variable composition with respect to the type(s) of oil and their pre-treatment, and showed the presence of Pinaceae resin at trace levels only in two cases. Beeswax was detected in one of the tube paints tested.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that complementary information can be obtained from the study of liquid paint from cans and dried paint-outs, while the media of painted brochures may differ from the original formulation as those were designed for expediency of drying and aesthetics. The results also elucidate how formulations and processing technology influence the physical and drying properties of oil-based enamel paints, in comparison with contemporary artists’ oil tube paints. Further research on a broader range of reference materials should help in the development of refined strategies for characterizing oil-based paints from the early twentieth century.
Ambulatory Care after Acute Kidney Injury: An Opportunity to Improve Patient Outcomes
Authors: Silver Samuel A. , Goldstein Stuart L. , Harel Ziv , Harvey Andrea , Rompies Elizabeth J. , Adhikari Neill K. , Acedillo Rey , Jain Arsh K. , Richardson Robert , Chan Christopher T. , Chertow Glenn M. , Bell Chaim M. , Wald Ron 
Published: September 2015

Purpose of review: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an increasingly common problem among hospitalized patients. Patients who survive an AKI-associated hospitalization are at higher risk of de novo and worsening chronic kidney disease, end-stage kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and death. For hospitalized patients with dialysis-requiring AKI, outpatient follow-up with a nephrologist within 90 days of hospital discharge has been associated with enhanced survival. However, most patients who survive an AKI episode do not receive any follow-up nephrology care. This narrative review describes the experience of two new clinical programs to care for AKI patients after hospital discharge: the Acute Kidney Injury Follow-up Clinic for adults (St. Michael's Hospital and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada) and the AKI Survivor Clinic for children (Cincinnati Children's Hospital, USA). Sources of information: MEDLINE, PubMed, ISI Web of Science Findings: These two ambulatory clinics have been in existence for close to two (adult) and four (pediatric) years, and were developed separately and independently in different populations and health systems. The components of both clinics are described, including the target population, referral process, medical interventions, patient education activities, and follow-up schedule. Common elements include targeting patients with KDIGO stage 2 or 3 AKI, regular audits of the inpatient nephrology census to track eligible patients, medication reconciliation, and education on the long-term consequences of AKI. Limitations: Despite the theoretical benefits of post-AKI follow-up and the clinic components described, there is no high quality evidence to prove that the interventions implemented in these clinics will reduce morbidity or mortality. Therefore, we also present a plan to evaluate the adult AKI Follow-up Clinic in order to determine if it can improve clinical outcomes compared to patients with AKI who do not receive follow-up care. Implications: Follow-up of AKI survivors is low, and this review describes two different clinics that care for patients who survive an AKI episode. We believe that sharing the experiences of the AKI Follow-up Clinic and AKI Survivor Clinic provide physicians with a feasible framework to implement their own clinics, which may help AKI patients receive outpatient care commensurate with their high risk status.
Residence capacity: its nature and assessment
Authors: Hughes Julian C. , Poole Marie , Louw Stephen J. , Greener Helen , Emmett Charlotte 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis article discusses the importance of residence capacity – an
individual's mental capacity to decide where they should live – and suggests
how it should be assessed. People with dementia or intellectual
disabilities, as well as those with other mental disorders, are sometimes
required to make this decision. Assessments of capacity must be conducted
with considerable care, given the implications for the individual and for
their human rights. The assessment must be objective and functional: the
assessor must be able specifically to demonstrate a lack of decision-making
ability. Yet assessments of capacity still require evaluative decisions to
be made. We suggest some basic information that should be conveyed to the
person faced by the prospect of a change of residence where there is a doubt
about capacity.
Smartphone apps in mental healthcare: the state of the art and potential developments
Authors: Zhang Melvyn W. B. , Ho Cyrus S. H. , Cheok Christopher C. S. , Ho Roger C. M. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPrevious studies have demonstrated that smartphones are useful tools in everyday, evidence-based medical practice. This article gives an overview of the current use in psychiatry of smartphone apps aimed at patients and the general public, highlighting associated benefits and disadvantages. It also outlines how practising psychiatrists could embrace such technologies at an individual, organisational and national level.
Pharmacological management of antipsychotic-induced akathisia:
an update and treatment algorithm
Authors: Jethwa Ketan Dipak 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAkathisia is a common and distressing side-effect of antipsychotic
medication. The treatment of this condition is difficult and options are
limited. This review of the literature was performed to develop an
evidence-based algorithm for the management of antipsychotic-induced
akathisia. There is limited high-level evidence to support the use of
anticholinergics. Centrally acting β-adrenergic antagonists are potential
treatments, although their use is limited by troublesome side-effects.
Long-acting benzodiazepines and mirtazapine are potential well-tolerated
treatments for the acute management of akathisia.
When is an expert not an expert? Question time for expert psychiatric witnesses
Authors: Rix Keith J. B. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAlthough medical experts are valued in the administration of justice, the cases in the UK of Meadow and others, including most recently Pool, have all contributed to understandable anxiety on the part of doctors who carry out court work. This article uses an in-depth analysis of these cases and details of some other medical regulatory cases to draw out some lessons for potential medical expert witnesses. Although the most recent judgment in Pool leaves a number of unanswered questions, steps are identified that may be taken to reduce the risk of regulatory investigation by the General Medical Council.
Disorder, not just state of risk: Meta-analysis of functioning and quality of life in people at high risk of psychosis
Authors: Fusar-Poli Paolo , Rocchetti Matteo , Sardella Alberto , Avila Alessia , Brandizzi Martina , Caverzasi Edgardo , Politi Pierluigi , Ruhrmann Stephan , McGuire Philip 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe nosology of the psychosis high-risk state is controversial. Traditionally conceived as an ‘at risk’ state for the development of psychotic disorders, it is also conceptualised as a clinical syndrome associated with functional impairment.AimsTo investigate meta-analytically the functional status of patients at high clinical risk for psychosis and its association with longitudinal outcomes.MethodThree meta-analyses compared level of functioning (n = 3012) and quality of life (QoL) (n = 945) between a high-risk group, a healthy control group and group with psychosis, and baseline functioning in people in the high-risk group who did or did not have a transition to psychosis at follow-up (n = 654).ResultsPeople at high risk had a large impairment in functioning (P<0.001) and worse QoL (P = 0.001) than the healthy control group, but only small to moderately better functioning (P = 0.012) and similar QoL (P = 0.958) compared with the psychosis group. Among the high-risk group, those who did not develop psychosis reported better functioning (P = 0.001) than those who did.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the high-risk state is characterised by consistent and large impairments of functioning and reduction in QoL similar to those in other coded psychiatric disorders.
Mental well-being: An important outcome for mental health services?
Authors: de Cates Angharad , Stranges Saverio , Blake Amy , Weich Scott 
Published: September 2015

SummaryMental well-being is being used as an outcome measure in mental health services. The recent Chief Medical Officer's (CMO's) report raised questions about mental well-being in people with mental illness, including how to measure it. We discuss whether mental well-being has prognostic significance or other utility in this context.
Impact of Tailored Education on Awareness of Personal Risk for Therapy-Related Complications Among Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Landier Wendy , Chen Yanjun , Namdar Golnaz , Francisco Liton , Wilson Karla , Herrera Claudia , Armenian Saro , Wolfson Julie A. , Sun Can-Lan , Wong F. Lennie , Bhatia Smita 
Published: September 2015

Purpose Survivors of childhood cancer carry a substantial burden of long-term morbidity; personal risk awareness is critical to ensure survivors' engagement in early detection/management of complications. The impact of education provided in survivorship clinics on survivors' understanding of their personal health risks is unclear. Methods Patients diagnosed with cancer at age 21 years or younger and at 2 or more years off therapy completed questionnaires about awareness of personal risk for therapy-related complications at T0 (first survivorship clinic visit) and at T1 to T5 (subsequent visits). After questionnaire completion at each clinic visit, survivors received education tailored to personal risk. Results A total of 369 survivors completed 1,248 visits (median, three visits; range, one to six visits). The median age at cancer diagnosis was 11 years (range, 0 to 21 years); the median age at T0 was 24 years (range, 5 to 57 years); 38% were white; 45% had leukemia; and 34% received hematopoietic cell transplantation. The cohort was at risk for a median of six (range, one to nine) complications. Awareness increased from 38.6% at T0 to 66.3% at T3. Generalized estimating equations (that adjusted for diagnosis, hematopoietic cell transplantation, race/ethnicity, and patient/parent education) showed significant gains in awareness from T0 to T1 (P < .001), T1 to T2 (P = .03), and T2 to T3 (P < .001) but no significant gain thereafter through T5 (P = .7). Predictors of low awareness included education less than a college degree (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; P = .02), longer time from diagnosis (OR, 1.03/year; P = .04), diagnosis of leukemia (OR, 2.1; P = .004), nonwhite race (OR, 2.8; P < .001), and risk for six or fewer complications (OR, 2.1; P = .002). Conclusion Risk-based education in a survivorship clinic significantly increases awareness of personal health risk through three sessions, with saturation thereafter. Vulnerable populations with minimal gain in awareness identified in this study could inform targeted interventions.
Relationships between various temperament dimensions, levels of selected cytokines and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in males, incurred as a result of mechanical injuries of lower extremities.
Authors: Gierlotka Zbigniew , Sobiś Jarosław , Misiołek Hanna , Kunert Łukasz , Misiołek Aleksandra , Gorczyca Piotr 
Published: September 2015

CelCelem pracy była analiza zależności różnych wymiarów temperamentu a stężeniami wybranych cytokin i PTSD u mężczyzn po urazach mechanicznych kończyn dolnych.MetodaDo oceny PTSD wykorzystano Kwestionariusz PTSD wersja czynnikowa (1, 2). Cechy temperamentu badano za pomocą Formalnej Charakterystyki Zachowania-Kwestionariusz Temperamentu (FCZ-KT) (3). Stężenia wybranych cytokin oznaczono metodą ELISA. Cała populacja osób biorących udział w badaniu została wyselekcjonowana z większej populacji liczącej 80 osób. Wyeliminowano z badań 15 osób u których wystąpiły cechy stanu zapalnego. Grupa z PTSD liczyła 33 osoby, grupa kontrolna 32.WynikiZ PTSD dodatnio statystycznie istotnie korelowały: persewerwtywność i reaktywność emocjonalna, ujemnie: żwawość, wytrzymałość i aktywność. Nie wykazano korelacji statystycznie istotnych między stężeniami wybranych cytokin: rozpuszczalny receptor interleukiny-2 (sIL-2), interleukina-6 (IL-6), interleukna-10 (IL-10),czynnik martwicy nowotworów-alfa (TNF-alfa) i interferonem-gamma (IFN-gamma) a cechami temperamentu. Omówiono także zależności między cechami temperamentu, PTSD a różnymi wymiarami osobowości.Wnioski1. U pacjentów z cechami temperamentu takimi jak perseweratywność i reaktywność emocjonalna istniało większe ryzyko wystąpienia PTSD.
2. U pacjentów z cechami temperamentu takimi jak żwawość, aktywność i wytrzymałość ryzyko wystąpienia PTSD było mniejsze.
3. Stężenie badanych cytokin (sIL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alfa, IFN-gamma) nie było zależne od cech temperamentu.
Non-adaptive reaction to disease - coping, demographic variables and trauma symptoms in cancer patients.
Authors: Laskowska Agnieszka 
Published: September 2015

CelCelem prezentowanego badania było określenie związku stylów i strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem i zmiennych demograficznych z intensywnością symptomów PTSD u osób chorych onkologicznie. Podjęto próbę określenia, jaki styl radzenia sobie ze stresem jest najlepszym predyktorem symptomów traumy w badanej grupie.MetodaBadanie przeprowadzono w grupie 150 pacjentów (55 kobiet i 95 mężczyzn) poddawanych leczeniu przeciwnowotworowemu. Do badania stylów radzenia sobie ze stresem wykorzystano polską wersję Skali Przystosowania Psychicznego do Choroby Nowotworowej - Mini MAC. Do pomiaru nasilenia objawów zespołu stresu pourazowego zastosowano kwestionariusz PTSD w wersji czynnikowej (PTSD-C). Dodatkowo zastosowano ankietę demograficzną zawierającą pytania o wiek, płeć, wykształcenie i czas od postawienia diagnozy.WynikiWyniki badań wskazują na nieadaptacyjną funkcję stylu destrukcyjnego. W sytuacji narażenia na traumatyczne zdarzenie styl ten jest czynnikiem sprzyjającym rozwojowi symptomów zaburzeń stresowych pourazowych. Indywidualne strategie radzenia sobie, płeć i wiek związane są z wyższym natężeniem objawów potraumatycznych u osób chorych.WnioskiDestrukcyjny styl radzenia sobie jest mniej korzystny dla przystosowania się do choroby nowotworowej, mogąc w znaczący sposób wpływać na rozwój patologicznych objawów charakterystycznych dla PTSD.
Acute psychosis in the course of treatment of acute adrenal crisis with hydrocortisone in the patient with secondary adrenal insufficiency – a case study.
Authors: Brykalski Jan , Papierska Lucyna , Załuska Maria 
Published: September 2015

CelPrzedstawienie ryzyka wystąpienia psychozy, jako powikłania leczenia ostrego przełomu nadnerczowego wysokimi dawkami hydrokortyzonu.MetodaAnaliza przypadku w kontekście literatury.WynikiZ literatury wiadomo o występowaniu psychoz zarówno w niedoczynności jak i w nadczynności kory nadnerczy, Opisywano tez przypadki psychoz występujących przy wdrażaniu substytucyjnego leczenia niewydolności korty nadnerczy małymi dawkami steroidów. Przypuszcza się, że znaczenie patogenetyczne ma tu nadwrażliwość receptora glikokortykoidowego. Nie spotkaliśmy opisu ostrej psychozy w toku podawania steroidów w przełomie nadnerczowym.
Przedstawiamy przypadek 55-letniej pacjentki, dotychczas psychicznie zdrowej, z nie leczoną wtórną niewydolnością kory nadnerczy po radioterapii gruczolaka przysadki (prolaktynoma) zakończonej przed około 3 laty. Pacjentka została przyjęta do szpitala z powodu przełomu nadnerczowego wywołanego infekcją. W 4 dobie leczenia Hydrokortyzonem w dawkach do 400 mg /dobę dożylnie wystąpiła ostra psychoza z urojeniami i omamami oraz zachowaniami zagrażającymi życiu. Pacjentkę przyjęto do oddziału psychiatrii. Po 3 dniach leczenia haloperidolem, i obniżeniu dawki steroidu objawy psychotyczne ustąpiły, nie powracając mimo odstawienia haloperidolu.WnioskiPrzypadek zwraca uwagę na ryzyko wystąpienia psychozy w toku leczenia przełomu nadnerczowego dużymi dawkami Hydrokortyzonu.
Z uwagi na ryzyko powikłań psychiatrycznych pacjenci leczeni dużymi dawkami kortykosteroidów, wymagają weryfikacji czynników ryzyka zaburzeń psychicznych i odpowiednich zabezpieczeń przy współpracy endokrynologa i psychiatry.