bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YES, NO, MAYBE: THE AMBIGUOUS RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STATE‐OWNED ENTERPRISES AND THE STATE
Authors: RENTSCH Carole , FINGER Matthias 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTLiberalization and the introduction of sector‐specific regulators has caused the position of State‐owned enterprises (SOEs) of network industries to change not only within national economies, but also vis‐à‐vis their respective States. In response, many SOEs are pursuing ambiguous strategies, simultaneously seeking autonomy and State protection. In turn, States, particularly in their roles as owners and regulators, have to rethink their relationships with SOEs. In French, German, and Swiss cases, both States and SOEs have motives to simultaneously maintain a close (‘yes’) and a distant (‘no’) relationship with one another. SOEs favour a close relationship to secure subsidization for the provision of public services, reduce financial risks, and build trust within collaboration. However, a distant relationship is more suitable for entrepreneurial autonomy and getting rid of the universal service obligation. From the State's perspective, a close relationship is desirable to ensure the stable provision of universal services, control politically and strategically important sectors and critical infrastructures, implement policy objectives, meet geopolitical objectives, and receive dividends as return on investment. A distant relationship is required to avoid bearing risk and to ensure freedom in regulating the public sector.
GOUVERNANCES PUBLIQUES ET ENTREPRISES PUBLIQUES DANS LES ÉCONOMIES DE RENTE
Authors: AHMED ZAID‐CHERTOUK Malika , BANCE Philippe 
Published: October 2015

RESUMEDans une économie de rente, les réformes économiques restent purement formelles et sont incapables de permettre à l'investissement national et international de se déployer. Elles ne permettent pas aux pays concernés de sortir de l'ordre social basé sur le gisement de la rente et la faible ouverture du système politico‐économique à la compétition. Sans perspective de croissance économique durable et de création d'emplois autres que ceux subventionnés par l'Etat, ce système fermé à la compétition porte en lui les germes de son dépassement : il ne peut répondre durablement à la demande sociale de changement et ne peut faire face aux difficultés croissantes de financement de la stabilité sociale.Dans ce contexte, notre contribution se propose d'étudier les entreprises publiques évoluant dans une économie de rente et d'identifier les mécanismes permettant d'allouer les ressources de la rente au mieux de l'intérêt général. L'analyse amène dès lors à préciser comment repenser l'intérêt général national dans une économie de rente pour une meilleure prise en compte des besoins de développement durable. Comment reformuler les missions assignées aux entreprises publiques pour leur permettre d'internaliser au mieux cet intérêt général ? Quels nouveaux modes de gouvernance mettre en œuvre pour contribuer à la réalisation de ces objectifs ?Mots clés : entreprises publiques, économie de rente, réformes économiques, gouvernances publiques, allocation de ressources, intérêt général.
TOWARDS CITIZEN ACCOUNTABILITY OF LOCAL PUBLIC ENTERPRISES
Authors: GREILING Dorothea , GRÜB Birgit 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTSince the liberalization of markets for public service provision within the nineties, the pressure on public sector entities to demonstrate their performance in financial and nonfinancial terms has increased. Compared to the private sector accountability expectations and obligations are higher for public enterprises due to public ownership and the specific public mission objectives. While there is a vast body of literature on public accountability in general, a research gap exists when it comes to the linkage of citizen accountability to the sustainability reporting practices of public enterprises. The paper analyses existing studies and adds a documentary analysis regarding sustainability reporting in German and Austrian public utilities.
Celecoxib interferes to a limited extent with aspirin‐mediated inhibition of platelets aggregation
Authors: Ruzov Mark , Rimon Gilad , Pikovsky Oleg , Stepensky David 
Published: October 2015

AimsThe aim of the study was to analyze the interaction between celecoxib and low dose aspirin for COX‐1 binding and its consequences on the aspirin‐mediated antiplatelet effects.MethodsWe investigated ex vivo the interaction between celecoxib and aspirin for COX‐1 binding and measured the resulting antiplatelet effects. We applied mechanism‐based pharmacokinetic−pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modelling to analyze these data and to predict in vivo platelet aggregation for different doses and administration schedules of aspirin and celecoxib.ResultsThe predictions of the PK‐PD model were consistent with results from previous studies that investigated interaction between aspirin and celecoxib. The modelling results indicate that celecoxib can attenuate to a limited extent the in vivo antiplatelet effects of low dose aspirin. The extent of this interaction can be substantial (up to 15% increase in platelet aggregation by 200 mg day−1 celecoxib when combined with low dose aspirin) during the first days of aspirin administration in patients who are already treated with celecoxib, and it cannot be prevented by separate administration of the interacting drugs.ConclusionsAt the recommended therapeutic doses, celecoxib can attenuate to a limited extent the in vivo antiplatelet effects of low dose aspirin. Patients receiving a combination of low dose aspirin and the recommended doses of celecoxib were not identified to have increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events due to competition between these drugs for COX‐1 binding. Interaction between low dose aspirin and other COX‐2 inhibitors and its clinical consequences requires further investigation.
Hasse, Cathrine (2015) An anthropology of learning. Springer (Berlin) isbn 978‐94‐017‐9605‐7 320 pp £90 (ebook £72) http://www.springer.com/us/book/9789401796057#
Authors: Salmani Nodoushan Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis book combines cultural models with practice‐based learning to develop a new theory of cultural learning. Drawing on insights from anthropology, it argues how collective and social cultures can emerge from an “engaged” learning process. The book opens a new window on human learning; however, you will probably find only parts of it of some interest or use.Mohammad Ali Salmani Nodoushan
Jones, Christopher (2015) Networked learning. Springer (Berlin) isbn 978‐3‐319‐01934‐5 249 pp £90 boards (ebook £72) http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319019338
Authors: Salmani Nodoushan Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis book is largely about how people connect with each other and with digital technologies, and how this affects their learning. It reviews existing literature on networked learning and describes the role of universities and academics in that approach. Jones's book targets anyone interested in learning technology, and— if you are in that group—I recommend that you borrow a copy for a while.Mohammad Ali Salmani Nodoushan
Magette, Kristin (2015) Embracing social media. Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham, MD & Plymouth, UK) isbn 978‐1‐4758‐1329‐6 99 pp £11.95 https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781475813289/Embracing‐Social‐Media‐A‐Practical‐Guide‐to‐Manage‐Risk‐and‐Leverage‐Opportunity
Authors: Janes Diane P 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWritten for teachers, administrators and anyone who has thought about helping learners safely use social media, Magette outlines the risks present in using this resource and how to manage them. She frames her small but vital book under the key ideas of 3 Ps—policy, procedures and professional development— as ways to manage social media risk. Does Magette's book relate closely to your work? You should buy a copy if it does!Diane P Janes
Pritchard, Alan (2014) Ways of learning. Routledge (London & New York) isbn 978‐0‐415‐83493‐3 143 pp £19.99 https://www.routledge.com/products/9780415834933
Authors: Salmani Nodoushan Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWritten for teachers, who generally lack a sufficient knowledge of how people learn, Pritchard's book aims at enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of education through raising teachers' understanding of learning theory. However, it does not do so very effectively: even if you are a keen teacher, you will probably find only parts of much interest or use.Mohammad Ali Salmani Nodoushan
Extent of renal vein invasion influences prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ball Mark W. , Gorin Michael A. , Harris Kelly T. , Curtiss Kevin M. , Netto George J. , Pavlovich Christian P. , Pierorazio Phillip M. , Allaf Mohamad E. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo compare oncological outcomes for segmental vs main renal vein invasion (RVI) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Patients MethodsPatients undergoing extirpative surgery for RCC at our institution between 2003 and 2013 were stratified into five groups according to clinical stage: T2 (n = 135), T3a with fat invasion (n = 185), T3a with segmental RVI (n = 87), T3a with main RVI (n = 64) and T3b (n = 40). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox regression were performed to determine the impact of segmental RVI on recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Harrell's c index was used to compare the prognostic accuracy of current and proposed staging models.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of 37 months, both RFS and CSS were significantly worse for patients with main RVI as compared with segmental RVI (P = 0.03 and P = 0.009, respectively). On multivariable analysis, main RVI had inferior RFS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–4.4; P = 0.03] and CSS (HR 3.5, 95% CI 1.3–9.9; P = 0.02) compared with segmental RVI. Sub‐stratifying T3a disease by separating segmental and main RVI improved prognostic accuracy compared with the current staging system for CSS (c indices 0.66 vs 0.59) and RFS (0.70 vs 0.60).ConclusionsMain RVI is independently associated with worse RFS and CSS than segmental RVI. These findings may have significance for patient counselling and future staging guidelines.
Collagen-induced arthritis increases inducible nitric oxide synthase not only in aorta but also in the cardiac and renal microcirculation of mice
Authors: Palma Zochio Tozzato G , Taipeiro E F , Spadella M A , Marabini Filho P , de Assis M R , Carlos C P , Girol A P , Chies A B 
Published: October 2015

Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may promote endothelial dysfunction. This phenomenon requires further investigation, especially in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), as it is considered the experimental model most similar to RA. The objectives of this study were to identify CIA-induced changes in noradrenaline (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh) responses in mice aortas that may suggest endothelial dysfunction in these animals. Moreover, we characterize CIA-induced modifications in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the aortas and cardiac and renal tissues taken from these mice that may be related to possible endothelial dysfunction. Male DBA/1J mice were immunized with 100 μg of emulsified bovine collagen type II (CII) plus complete Freund's adjuvant. Twenty-one days later, these animals received a boost of an additional 100 μg plus incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Fifteen days after the onset of the disease, aortic rings from CIA and control mice were challenged with NE and ACh in an organ bath. In these animals, iNOS was detected through immunohistochemical analysis of aorta, heart and kidneys. Plasma nitrite concentration was determined using the Griess reaction. CIA did not change NE or ACh responses in mice aorta but apparently increased the iNOS expression not only in aorta, but also in cardiac and renal microcirculation. In parallel, CIA reduced nitrite plasma concentration. In mice, CIA appears to increase the presence of iNOS in aorta, as well as in heart and in kidney microcirculation. This iNOS increase occurs apparently in parallel to a reduction of the bioavailability of NO. This phenomenon does not appear to change NE or ACh responses in aorta.
Clinical Bonding of Resin Nano Ceramic Restorations to Zirconia Abutments: A Case Series within a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Schepke Ulf , Meijer Henny JA , Vermeulen Karin M , Raghoebar Gerry M , Cune Marco S 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundNew dental materials are introduced and promoted in the field without extensive clinical testing. Using those materials in a clinical setting might result in unacceptable early failure rates.PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to analyze bonding of a new dental restorative material to either zirconia stock abutments or zirconia customized abutments.Materials and MethodsFifty participants seeking single implant treatment were included in a prospective study. Resin Nano Ceramic (RNC, Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) crowns were digitally manufactured and extraorally bonded to either a stock or a customized zirconia abutment (ZirDesign and ATLANTIS, DENTSPLY Implants, Mölndal, Sweden) by means of a resin composite cement (RelyX Ultimate in combination with Scotchbond Universal, 3M ESPE), strictly following the manufacturer's recommendations. The final restorations were screw‐retained to the implants and followed during 12 months. Primary outcome parameter was uncompromised survival of the restoration, and secondary outcome parameter was mode of failure.ResultsNo implants were lost. The uncompromised survival rate of the RNC crowns bonded to zirconia abutments after 1 year of clinical service was only 14% (n = 7). Catastrophic failure occurred in three cases (6%), whereas bonding failure between RNC crowns and zirconia abutments occurred in 80% of the cases (n = 40) within the first year of service. No statistical significant difference in uncompromised survival rate could be identified between abutment types (χ2 = 1.495, p = .209). Uncompromised survival rate after 1 year was highly significantly different (χ2 = 104.173, p < .001) from a reference standard, which was set at 95%.ConclusionRNC crowns luted to stock and customized zirconia implant abutments with the particular resin composite cement in this trial have a poor prognosis, regardless of the abutment type used.
Comparison of captopril (0.5%) cream with diltiazem (2%) cream for chronic anal fissure: a prospective randomized double‐blind two‐centre clinical trial
Authors: Ala S. , Enayatifard R. , Alvandipour M. , Qobadighadikolaei R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThis study compared the efficacy of topical captopril with topical diltiazem in the treatment of chronic anal fissure (CAF).MethodFifty patients aged between 15 and 75 years with CAF were included in a prospective randomized, double‐blind clinical trial. They were randomly allocated to either captopril (0.5%) cream or diltiazem (2%) cream in a dose of 2 cm of cream on the perianal skin every 12 h for 8 weeks. The intensity of pain upon defaecation was evaluated every 10 days using a visual analogue scale. Bleeding on defaecation, pruritus and the presence of perianal irritation were also recorded before and during the trial.ResultsThe average pain scores were lower in the diltiazem group on the 20th and 30th days. From day 40 to the end of the trial the average pain scores of the two groups did not differ significantly. There were no significant differences in bleeding or perianal irritation between the groups, but the incidence of pruritus was considerably higher in the captopril group, and at the end of the trial 45.8% of the patients in this group still suffered from pruritus.ConclusionTopical captopril and diltiazem were found to be equally effective in the management of pain, bleeding and perianal irritation due to CAF, but due to the high incidence of pruritus observed with topical captopril this medication is not recommended for the treatment of CAF.
Low rate of advanced adenoma formation during a 5‐year colonoscopy surveillance period after adequate polypectomy of non‐advanced adenoma
Authors: Xu M. , Wang S. , Cao H. , Wang W. , Piao M. , Cao X. , Yan F. , Wang B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimPatients with non‐advanced adenoma (NAA) underwent surveillance colonoscopy at intervals shorter than the interval recommended by the guidelines. We aimed to assess the incidence of recurrent advanced adenoma (AA) over a 5‐year period and to identify risk factors for recurrence.MethodPatients with and without NAA identified at baseline colonoscopy who had had at least two colonoscopy examinations during the subsequent 5 years were included in the study. Data on the patients’ demographics and colorectal findings were extracted from a specially designed colonoscopy database. The primary outcome was the finding of recurrent AA formation. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors that predict subsequent AA formation at surveillance colonoscopy.ResultsAmong 43 155 colonoscopy procedures, 828 cases were identified with NAA (374) and without an adenoma (454). Forty‐eight (51.1%) of 94 received a follow‐up colonoscopy within 1 year due to an inadequate baseline colonoscopy. Patients with NAA at baseline had a low incidence of AA at an interval of 1−5 years which was not statistically different from patients without adenoma formation at the initial baseline colonoscopy (1.5% vs 2.2%, P = 0.51). The incidence of AA at follow‐up colonoscopy performed at 1−3 years and 3−5 years in patients with a baseline NAA was 1.7% and 1.4% (P = 0.59). Age over 50 years and male gender were independent risk factors for AA recurrence within 5 years.ConclusionSurveillance colonoscopy within 5 years is of little benefit to patients who had an adequate polypectomy of an NAA at baseline. Too frequent reexamination due to concerns about AA recurrence should be avoided.
Multiscale modeling of spring phenology across Deciduous Forests in the Eastern United States
Authors: Melaas Eli K. , Friedl Mark A. , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhenological events, such as bud burst, are strongly linked to ecosystem processes in temperate deciduous forests. However, the exact nature and magnitude of how seasonal and interannual variation in air temperatures influence phenology is poorly understood, and model‐based phenology representations fail to capture local‐ to regional‐scale variability arising from differences in species composition. In this paper, we use a combination of surface meteorological data, species composition maps, remote sensing, and ground‐based observations to estimate models that better represent how community‐level species composition affects the phenological response of deciduous broadleaf forests to climate forcing at spatial scales that are typically used in ecosystem models. Using time series of canopy greenness from repeat digital photography, citizen science data from the USA National Phenology Network, and satellite remote sensing‐based observations of phenology, we estimated and tested models that predict the timing of spring leaf emergence across five different deciduous broadleaf forest types in the eastern United States. Specifically, we evaluated two different approaches: (i) using species‐specific models in combination with species composition information to ‘upscale’ model predictions and (ii) using repeat digital photography of forest canopies that observe and integrate the phenological behavior of multiple representative species at each camera site to calibrate a single model for all deciduous broadleaf forests. Our results demonstrate variability in cumulative forcing requirements and photoperiod cues across species and forest types, and show how community composition influences phenological dynamics over large areas. At the same time, the response of different species to spatial and interannual variation in weather is, under the current climate regime, sufficiently similar that the generic deciduous forest model based on repeat digital photography performed comparably to the upscaled species‐specific models. More generally, results from this analysis demonstrate how in situ observation networks and remote sensing data can be used to synergistically calibrate and assess regional parameterizations of phenology in models.
Effects of traditional salt placement and strategically placed mineral mix supplements on cattle distribution in the Western Italian Alps
Authors: Pittarello M. , Probo M. , Lonati M. , Bailey D. W. , Lombardi G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEffects of traditional salt placement (TS) and strategically placed mineral mix supplements (MMS) on cattle distribution were compared in the Italian Alps. Salt was placed within flat and herbaceous sites following the traditional method of farmers, whereas MMS blocks were placed on steep and shrub‐encroached sites within three large pastures (44 ha on average). Each TS and MMS site was paired with a control site, and eleven cows were tracked with GPS collars. Within 10 and 50 m of TS and MMS, treatment sites were used more than control sites (P < 0·05). No differences were detected (P > 0·05) in the number of visits by cows within 10 and 50 m of TS and MMS placements. No differences were detected in time spent within 10 m of TS and MMS placements, but cows spent more time (P < 0·05) within 50 m of TS. With either TS or MMS, cattle preferred areas with gentler terrain, higher forage pastoral value and closer to water (P < 0·001). When MMS was available cattle also preferred areas near MMS (P < 0·001). Shrub and herbaceous cover decreased near MMS placements (P < 0·05) from cattle grazing and trampling. Placement of MMS is a promising tool to enhance cattle distribution and potentially reduce shrub encroachment in rugged mountain pastures.
Nutritive value of desert wormwood (Artemisia desertorum Spreng.) silage in mixture with high‐moisture maize straw
Authors: Xue Y. L. , Yin G. M. , Zhao H. P. , Bai C. S. , Sun J. J. , Yu Z. , Sun Q. Z. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the fermentation characteristics, nutrient composition and in vitro digestibility of desert wormwood (DW, Artemisia desertorum Spreng.) silage as the sole ingredient, or mixed with high‐moisture maize (corn) straw (HMCS). Desert wormwood and HMCS were harvested and chopped (1–2 cm) then ensiled in laboratory silos (25 cm high with an internal diameter of 7·6 cm) at a density of 550 g L−1 at room temperature for 60 days. The proportions of DW in the DW/HMCS mixtures were 1, 0·75, 0·50, 0·25 and 0, based on fresh weight. The silages were analysed for fermentation characteristics, nutrient composition and in vitro digestibility. Desert wormwood ensiled with HMCS had lower pH and acetic acid concentration and higher lactic acid concentration as the proportion of DW decreased. As the proportion of DW decreased, the crude protein concentration and the in vitro digestibility of dry matter increased and the concentrations of neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin decreased. This study has indicated that mixing HMCS with DW can improve the fermentation quality and nutrient composition of these silage mixtures.