bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial Complementation of Sinorhizobium meliloti bacA Mutant Phenotypes by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis BacA Protein
Authors: Arnold M. F. F. , Haag A. F. , Capewell S. , Boshoff H. I. , James E. K. , McDonald R. , Mair I. , Mitchell A. M. , Kerscher B. , Mitchell T. J. , Mergaert P. , Barry C. E. , Scocchi M. , Zanda M. , Campopiano D. J. , Ferguson G. P. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

The
Sinorhizobium meliloti
BacA ABC transporter protein plays an important role in its nodulating symbiosis with the legume alfalfa (
Medicago sativa
). The
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
BacA homolog was found to be important for the maintenance of chronic murine infections, yet its
in vivo
function is unknown. In the legume plant as well as in the mammalian host, bacteria encounter host antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We found that the
M. tuberculosis
BacA protein was able to partially complement the symbiotic defect of an
S. meliloti
BacA-deficient mutant on alfalfa plants and to protect this mutant
in vitro
from the antimicrobial activity of a synthetic legume peptide, NCR247, and a recombinant human β-defensin 2 (HBD2). This finding was also confirmed using an
M. tuberculosis
insertion mutant. Furthermore,
M. tuberculosis
BacA-mediated protection of the legume symbiont
S. meliloti
against legume defensins as well as HBD2 is dependent on its attached ATPase domain. In addition, we show that
M. tuberculosis
BacA mediates peptide uptake of the truncated bovine AMP, Bac7
1-16
. This process required a functional ATPase domain. We therefore suggest that
M. tuberculosis
BacA is important for the transport of peptides across the cytoplasmic membrane and is part of a complete ABC transporter. Hence, BacA-mediated protection against host AMPs might be important for the maintenance of latent infections.
Diabetes and intermediate hyperglycaemia in Kisantu, DR Congo: a cross-sectional prevalence study
Authors: Muyer Muel Telo , Muls Erik , Mapatano Mala Ali , Makulo Jean-Robert , Mvitu Moise , Kimenyembo Wivine , Mandja Bien-Aimé , Kimbondo Pierre , Bieleli Chris Bonketo , Kaimbo wa Kaimbo Dieudonné , Buntinx Frank 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo study the prevalence and risk markers of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycaemia (IH) in Kisantu, a semirural town in Bas-Congo province, The Democratic Republic of Congo.DesignA cross-sectional population-based survey.SettingsA modified WHO STEPwise strategy was used. Capillary glycaemia was measured for fasting plasma glucose and 2-h-postload glucose. Both WHO/IDF (International Diabetes Federation) 2006 and American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2003 diagnostic criteria for diabetes and IH were used.Participants1898 subjects aged ⩾ 20 years.ResultsResponse rate was 93.7%. Complete data were available for 1759 subjects (86.9%). Crude and standardised (for Doll and UN population) prevalence of diabetes were 4.8% and 4.0–4.2%. Crude IH prevalence was 5.8% (WHO/IDF) and 14.2% (ADA). Independent risk markers for diabetes (p<0.01) were male (OR 2.5), age 50–69 years (OR 2.6), family history (OR 3.5), waist (OR 4.1) and alcohol consumption (OR 0.36). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, prediction of diabetes was slightly better by waist than body mass index (BMI). IH defined according to WHO/IDF was associated with BMI (OR 2.6, p<0.001). IH defined according to ADA was associated (p<0.05) with waist (OR 1.4), education level (OR 1.6), BMI (OR 2.4) and physical activity (OR 0.7).ConclusionsCurrent prevalence of diabetes in DR Congo exceeds IDF projections for 2030. The lower glucose threshold used by ADA almost triples impaired fasting glucose prevalence compared to WHO/IDF criteria. The high proportion of disorders of glycaemia made up by IH suggests the early stages of a diabetes epidemic.
Success rates and procedure times of oesophageal temperature probe insertion for therapeutic hypothermia treatment of cardiac arrest according to insertion methods in the emergency department
Authors: Paik Uh-Hyun , Lee Tae Rim , Kang Mun Ju , Shin Tae Gun , Sim Min Seob , Jo Ik Joon , Song Keun Jeong , Jeong Yeon Kwon 
Published: November 2012

PurposeTherapeutic hypothermia has become the standard treatment for unconscious patients in cardiac arrest. Although various body parts, including the oesophagus, rectum, bladder and tympanum, can be used for measurement of the core temperature, the oesophageal temperature is preferred because of its accuracy and stability. We first investigated the success rate and procedure time of oesophageal temperature probe (ETP) insertion according to the insertion method.MethodsThe conventional method involved blind insertion through nasal orifices. The alternative method was insertion with Magill's forceps or long forceps under visualisation using a direct laryngoscope. The new method was performed as follows: (1) insertion of another endotracheal tube (ETT) orally into the oesophagus; (2) insertion of a temperature probe into the hole of the ETT; (3) removal of the ETT. To compare the success rates and procedure times according to the insertion method, we collected data retrospectively from the prospective Samsung Medical Centre hypothermia database and medical records.ResultsA total of 91 cases were examined. Insertion was performed using the conventional method in 36 cases, the alternative method in 26, and the new method in 29. Rates of success on the first attempt were 63.9%, 65.4% and 100%, and procedure times were 33.2±13.6, 33.3±17.8 and 27.0±7.9 min, for the conventional, alternative and new methods, respectively. The initial success rates and procedure times were significantly different among the three groups (p<0.01).ConclusionsThe new ETP insertion method had a better first attempt success rate than the conventional method and the alternative method.
Over-expression of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin is associated with poor survival in oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a tissue microarray study
Authors: Prins Margriet J D , Verhage Roy J J , Ruurda Jelle P , ten Kate Fiebo J W , van Hillegersberg Richard 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundProtein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important downstream effector of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway. In several tumour types, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) over-expression is an independent prognostic marker for poor survival. However, p-mTOR expression has not been assessed in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC).Materials and methodsTumour cores of 154 patients with OAC were included in a tissue microarray (TMA). Scoring criteria were based on p-mTOR staining intensity.Results147 (95.5%) patients were available for immunohistochemical evaluation. Over-expression of p-mTOR was detected in 29 (19.7%) tumours, whereas 118 (80.3%) patients showed negative expression. Over-expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival in univariate analysis (HR 1.648; 95% CI 1.019 to 2.664; p=0.042). Median survival was 21.2 months in patients with p-mTOR over-expression and 29.0 in the negative p-mTOR group (p=0.040). In addition, a trend towards p-mTOR over-expression and vasoinvasive growth was seen (p=0.057). In multivariate analysis, including clinical and pathological variables (p<0.10), only T-stage (HR 2.795; 95% CI 1.343 to 5.813; p=0.006) and differentiation grade (HR 2.198; 95% CI 1.353 to 3.570; p=0.001) were independent prognostic markers of poor survival.Conclusionp-mTOR over-expression was detected in 19.7% of patients with OAC and was associated with poor overall survival.
Anatomical basis and histopathological changes resulting from selective internal radiotherapy for liver metastases
Authors: Wang Lai Mun , Jani Anant R , Hill Esme J , Sharma Ricky A 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundKnowledge that liver tumours preferentially take their blood supply from the arterial blood supply rather than the portal venous system can be used for local delivery of treatment or for embolisation to cut off the blood supply to tumours.AimsTo present histological evaluation of malignant and non-malignant hepatic tissue of one such therapy, selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with yttrium-90 microspheres, to decipher its principal mechanism of action.MethodsThe H&E stained sections of hepatic resection specimens from three patients with liver metastases from colorectal (CRC) cancer, who underwent hepatic surgery 4–9 months following SIRT, were examined and the pathological changes documented.ResultsResin microspheres were identified in the vascular tumour bed and vessels within the portal tracts of the background liver parenchyma. Microspheres were usually associated with giant cell reaction or histiocytes. In the tumour bed, tumour necrosis, mucinous alteration, collections of foamy histiocytes, ectatic vessels, calcification and fibrosis were observed. There was minimal cellular inflammatory response observed, suggestive of direct radiation injury as a non-immune mediated process.ConclusionsWe describe in detail the spectrum of histopathological changes in malignant tissue and liver parenchyma in patients with metastatic CRC treated with SIRT. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the principal mechanism of action of SIRT appears to be via arterially directed delivery of highly radioactive microspheres in and around the vascular tumour bed rather than by micro-arterial embolisation.
Endovascular treatment of very small ruptured intracranial aneurysms: complications, occlusion rates and prediction of outcome
Authors: Starke Robert M , Chalouhi Nohra , Ali Muhammad S , Penn David L , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I , Jabbour Pascal M , Gonzalez L Fernando , Rosenwasser Robert H , Dumont Aaron S 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo assess predictors of outcome following endovascular treatment of small ruptured intracranial aneurysms (SRA).MethodsBetween 2004 and 2011, 91 patients with SRA (≤3 mm) were treated at our institution. Multivariate analysis was carried out to assess predictors of endovascular-related complications, aneurysm obliteration (>95%), recanalization and favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale 3–5).ResultsEndovascular treatment was aborted in nine of 91 patients (9.9%). Procedure-related complications occurred in eight of 82 patients (9.8%) of which five were transient and three were permanent. Three patients (3.7%) undergoing endovascular treatment experienced an intraprocedural aneurysm rupture. Three of nine patients (33.3%) treated with stent- or balloon-assisted coiling experienced periprocedural complications compared with five of 73 patients (6.8%) receiving only coils or Onyx (p=0.039). There were no procedural deaths or rehemorrhages. Rates of recanalization and retreatment were 18.2% and 12.7%, respectively. No factors predicted initial occlusion or recanalization. In multivariate analysis, pretreatment factors predictive of a favorable outcome included younger age (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.99, p=0.017), larger aneurysm size (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.02 to 11.11, p=0.045), Hunt and Hess grade (OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.75, p=0.005) and location (OR 5.12; 95% CI 1.29 to 20.25, p=0.02). When assessing treatment and post-treatment variables, vasospasm was the only additional covariate predictive of a poor outcome (OR 5.90; 95% CI 1.34 to 25.93,p=0.019).ConclusionsMost patients with SRA can be treated with endovascular therapy and have limited complications. Overall predictors of outcome for patients undergoing endovascular treatment of SRA include age, aneurysm size, Hunt and Hess grade, location and post-treatment vasospasm.
Obstructive sleep apnoea in adults
Authors: Usmani Zafar Ahmad , Chai-Coetzer Ching Li , Antic Nick A , McEvoy R Doug 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by repetitive closure of the upper airway, repetitive oxygen desaturations and sleep fragmentation. The prevalence of adult OSA is increasing because of a worldwide increase in obesity and the ageing of populations. OSA presents with a variety of symptoms the most prominent of which are snoring and daytime tiredness. Interestingly though, a significant proportion of OSA sufferers report little or no daytime symptoms. OSA has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cognitive abnormalities and mental health problems. Randomised controlled trial evidence is awaited to confirm a causal relationship between OSA and these various disorders. The gold standard diagnostic investigation for OSA is overnight laboratory-based polysomnography (sleep study), however, ambulatory models of care incorporating screening questionnaires and home sleep studies have been recently evaluated and are now being incorporated into routine clinical practice. Patients with OSA are very often obese and exhibit a range of comorbidities, such as hypertension, depression and diabetes. Management, therefore, needs to be based on a multidisciplinary and holistic approach which includes lifestyle modifications. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first-line therapy for severe OSA. Oral appliances should be considered in patients with mild or moderate disease, or in those unable to tolerate CPAP. New, minimally invasive surgical techniques are currently being developed to achieve better patient outcomes and reduce surgical morbidity. Successful long-term management of OSA requires careful patient education, enlistment of the family's support and the adoption of self-management and patient goal-setting principles.
Integrated stratigraphy (magneto-, bio- and chronostratigraphy) and geochronology of the Palaeogene pelagic succession of the Umbria–Marche Basin (central Italy)
Authors: Coccioni Rodolfo , Sideri Marianna , Bancalà Giuseppe , Catanzariti Rita , Frontalini Fabrizio , Jovane Luigi , Montanari Alessandro , Savian Jairo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Extensive outcrops in the Umbria–Marche Basin of central Italy include some of the most complete successions of Palaeogene sediments known from the Tethyan Realm. Owing to the continuous deposition in a pelagic setting, a rather modest tectonic overprint, the availability of excellent age control through magneto-, bio-, chemo- and tephrostratigraphy, and direct radioisotopic dates from interbedded volcaniclastic layers, these sediments have played a prominent role in the establishment of standard Palaeogene time scales. We present here a complete and well-preserved Palaeogene pelagic composite succession of the Umbria–Marche Basin, which provides the means for an accurate and precise calibration of the Palaeogene time scale. As a necessary step towards the compilation of a more robust database on a wide scale so as to improve the magneto-, bio- and chronostratigraphic framework of the classical southern Tethyan zonations, enabling regional and supraregional correlations, we have constructed a record of reliable Palaeogene planktonic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossil and dinocyst biohorizons commonly used in tropical to subtropical Cenozoic zonations. In addition, an age model is provided for the Palaeogene pelagic composite succession based on magnetostratigraphy, planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils, which contributes to an integrated chronology for the Palaeogene Tethyan sediments from
c.
65.5 to 23 Ma.

Supplementary material:

Tables 1 to 13 which provide further details of the Palaeogene pelagic succession of the Umbria–Marche Basin (central Italy) are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18539
Neogene rotations in the Jiuquan Basin, Hexi Corridor, China
Authors: Yan Maodu , Fang Xiaomin , Van Der Voo Rob , Song Chunhui , Li Jijun 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Vertical-axis rotations of blocks in/around the Tibetan Plateau can be attributed to the India–Asia collision. Study of the vertical-axis rotations of these blocks will increase our understanding of the mechanisms and kinematics of continent–continent collisions. We report here a new palaeomagnetic study of rotations using data from four localities (five magnetostratigraphy sections) in the Jiuquan Basin. Our study indicates that the mean declinations of each section are different from each other, similar to what has been observed in the other localities in the NE Tibetan Plateau. However, using the mean directions of every 100 m of section, we observe that the four localities have similar sequential patterns of rotations during the last 13 Ma: significant continuous counterclockwise before
c.
8.0 Ma, insignificant rotations between 8.0–4.0 Ma, and slight clockwise rotation after 4.0 Ma. This indicates that, rather than being a record of spatially varying declinations, it is a temporal variation in the occurrence of regional rotations. Combined with other geological evidence, the rotation patterns may suggest two major tectonic activity phases of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during the last 13 Ma: an eastward extrusion and strike-slip dominant phase before 8.0 Ma, a significant shortening and a rapid uplift dominant phase after 8.0 Ma.

Supplementary material:

Magnetostratigraphic results of the Hongshuiba and Wenshushan sections are available at:
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18540
.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Physicochemical Studies of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Inner Transition Metals with Lansoprazole and Cytosine
Authors: Verma Sarika , Shrivastva Sarita , Shrivastva Rashmi 
Published: November 2012

Few complexes of inner transition metals [Th(IV), Ce(IV), Nd(III), Gd(III)] have been synthesized by reacting their metal salts with lansoprazole, 2‐([3‐methyl‐4‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy)pyridin‐2‐yl]methylsulfinyl)‐1H‐benzoimidazole	and cytosine. All the complexes were synthesized in ethanolic medium. The yield percentage rangs from 80 to 90%. The complexes are coloured solids. The complexes were characterized through elemental analyses, conductance measurements, and spectroscopic methods (FT IR, FAB Mass, 1H NMR and UV). An IR spectrum indicates that the ligand behaves as bidentate ligands. The metal complexes have been screened for their antifungal activity towards Aspergillus niger fungi. The interaction of inner transition metals with lansoprazole, in presence of cytosine, has also been investigated potentiometrically at two different temperatures 26 ± 1°C and 36 ± 1°C and at 0.1 M (KNO3) ionic strength. The stability constants of ternary complexes indicate the stability	order as Th(IV) < Ce(IV) < Gd(III) < Nd(III). log K values obtained are positive and suggest greater stabilization of ternary complexes. The values of thermodynamic parameters (free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) are also calculated.
Convergence of the ZMIZ1 and NOTCH1 Pathways at C-MYC in Acute T Lymphoblastic Leukemias
Authors: Rakowski Lesley A. , Garagiola Derek D. , Li Choi M. , Decker Margaret , Caruso Sarah , Jones Morgan , Kuick Rork , Cierpicki Tomasz , Maillard Ivan , Chiang Mark Y. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Activating NOTCH1 mutations are found in 50% to 60% of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) samples. In mouse models, these mutations generally fail to induce leukemia. This observation suggests that NOTCH1 activation must collaborate with other genetic events. Mutagenesis screens previously implicated ZMIZ1 as a possible NOTCH1 collaborator in leukemia. ZMIZ1 is a transcriptional coactivator of the protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS)-like family. Its role in oncogenesis is unknown. Here, we show that activated NOTCH1 and ZMIZ1 collaborate to induce T-ALL in mice. ZMIZ1 and activated NOTCH1 are coexpressed in a subset of human T-ALL patients and cell lines. ZMIZ1 inhibition slowed growth and sensitized leukemic cells to corticosteroids and NOTCH inhibitors. Gene expression profiling identified C-MYC, but not other NOTCH-regulated genes, as an essential downstream target of ZMIZ1. ZMIZ1 functionally interacts with NOTCH1 to promote C-MYC transcription and activity. The mechanism does not involve the NOTCH pathway and appears to be indirect and mediated independently of canonical PIAS functions through a novel N-terminal domain. Our study shows the importance of identifying genetic collaborations between parallel leukemic pathways that may be therapeutically targeted. They also raise new inquiries into potential NOTCH–ZMIZ1 collaboration in a variety of C–MYC-driven cancers. Cancer Res; 73(2); 930–41. ©2012 AACR.
Prospective Study of HPV16 Viral Load and Risk of In Situ and Invasive Squamous Cervical Cancer
Authors: Sundström Karin , Ploner Alexander , Dahlström Lisen Arnheim , Palmgren Juni , Dillner Joakim , Adami Hans-Olov , Ylitalo Nathalie , Sparén Pär 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background: A strong association has been shown between high viral DNA load (VL) of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and risk for cervical cancer in situ (CIS). However, little data is available for the significance of VL in invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
Methods: In 2 nested case–control studies among women participating in cervical screening, with a cytologically normal first smear, we collected 5,665 smears from 621 women with CIS, 457 with SCC, and individually matched controls. All smears were tested for HPV, and VLs of HPV16 positive smears were quantified using real time-PCR. The median follow-up until diagnosis of CIS or SCC was 6.1 to 7.7 years.
Results: Low VL's were common among both CIS and SCC case women, until 1 to 2 years before diagnosis when a surge in VL occurred. The relative risk (RR) associated with low viral load of HPV16 was around 10 for CIS, and 10 to 20 for SCC throughout 10 years before diagnosis, compared with HPV16-negative women. For women with medium to high VL, the risk for CIS was greatly increased from 5 years before diagnosis [RR, 19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7–48]. In SCC, a high VL conferred an increased risk, but only from 3 years before diagnosis [RR, 60; 95% CI, 6–580].
Conclusions: We show differing risk functions associated with HPV16 viral load in CIS and SCC, respectively. We further show that viral loads were unexpectedly low early in the SCC disease process.
Impact: HPV16 viral load appears highly complex which may limit its use in cervical screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(1); 150–8. ©2012 AACR.
Breast MRI Use Uncommon among U.S. Women
Authors: Miller Jacqueline W. , Sabatino Susan A. , Thompson Trevor D. , Breen Nancy , White Mary C. , Ryerson A. Blythe , Taplin Stephen , Ballard-Barbash Rachel 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background: The goal of breast cancer screening is to reduce breast cancer mortality. Mammography is the standard screening method for detecting breast cancer early. Breast MRI is recommended to be used in conjunction with mammography for screening subsets of women at high risk for breast cancer. We offer the first study to provide national estimates of breast MRI use among women in the United States.
Methods: We analyzed data from women who responded to questions about having a breast MRI on the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. We assessed report of having a breast MRI and reasons for it by sociodemographic characteristics and access to health care and computed five-year and lifetime breast cancer risk using the Gail model.
Results: Among 11,222 women who responded, almost 5% reported ever having a breast MRI and 2% reported having an MRI within the 2 years preceding the survey. Less than half of the women who reported having a breast MRI were at increased risk. Approximately 60% of women reported having the breast MRI for diagnostic reasons. Women who ever had a breast MRI were more likely to be older, Black, and insured and to report a usual source of health care as compared with women who reported no MRI.
Conclusions: Breast MRI use may be underused or overused in certain subgroups of women.
Impact: As access to health care improves, the use of breast MRI and the appropriateness of its use for breast cancer detection will be important to monitor. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(1); 159–66. ©2012 AACR.