bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Academic Performance of School‐Age Children by Physical Activity in the Classroom: 1‐Year Program Evaluation
Authors: Mullender‐Wijnsma Marijke J. , Hartman Esther , de Greeff Johannes W. , Bosker Roel J. , Doolaard Simone , Visscher Chris 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAn intervention was designed that combined physical activity with learning activities. It was based upon evidence for positive effects of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on academic achievement. The aim of this study was to describe the program implementation and effects on academic achievement after 1 year.METHODSSecond‐ and third‐grade classes of 6 elementary schools were included in the study. The intervention group participated in physically active academic lessons and the control group in regular classroom lessons. Implementation measures were obtained and the children were pretested and posttested on mathematics and reading.RESULTSTeacher observations and self‐reports indicated that the lessons were implemented as planned. Classroom observations showed that children's on‐task behavior during the lessons was above 70%. On the basis of heart rate measures, on average 64% of the lesson time was spent in MVPA. Posttest mathematics and reading scores of third‐grade children who participated in the intervention were significantly higher in comparison with control children. Posttest mathematics scores of second‐grade children in the intervention condition were significantly lower in comparison with control children.CONCLUSIONSThe intervention program was successfully implemented and the lessons contributed to the academic outcomes of third‐grade children.
Modulation of post‐partum reproductive performance in dairy cows through supplementation of long‐ or short‐chain fatty acids during transition period
Authors: Ulfina G. G. , Kimothi S. P. , Oberoi P. S. , Baithalu R. K. , Kumaresan A. , Mohanty T. K. , Imtiwati P. , Dang A. K. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThirty‐six cross‐bred cows were used to study the effect of long‐chain (flaxseed) or short‐chain (butyric acid) fatty acid supplementation on metabolic status, ovarian function and reproduction performance during transition period. Control cows received a routine feed of transition diet, while the cows in two treatment groups were supplemented with either 750‐g crushed flaxseed or 250 g butyric acid per cow per day. Ovarian activity was monitored by transrectal ultrasonography on 10th, 20th and 30th days post‐partum. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture into heparinized polystyrene tubes; plasma was prepared and stored under −20 °C until analysis. Results indicated that cows in flaxseed group were in positive energy balance as indicated by lower NEFA and Beta hydroxy Butyrate and higher glucose concentrations. Uterine involution was completed well within 30 days post‐partum in all the cows in flaxseed fed group compared to 76.9% in butyric acid supplemented and 61.5% in control groups. The size of dominant follicle and corpus luteum was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for flaxseed group compared to control group, which in turn resulted in higher concentrations of plasma progesterone. Cows fed on diets supplemented with flaxseed exhibited post‐partum heat earlier and bred sooner (p < 0.05) than control cows. It has been noticed that supplementation of flaxseed and butyric acid enhanced involution of uterus, early resumption of cyclicity and thereby early breeding. However, in view of the encouraging results obtained for flaxseed supplemented group, its organic nature and easier availability at farmer's gate, we concluded that flaxseed can be safely included in transition diet to modulate reproductive performance of dairy cattle.
Is There a Double‐Negative Effect? Gender and Ethnic Wage Differentials in Italy
Authors: Piazzalunga Daniela 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the gender and ethnic wage differentials for female migrants in Italy by applying the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition, with and without Heckman correction, to account for self‐selection into the labour market. The gender wage gap is nearly 15 per cent, more than 60 per cent of which is unexplained by observable differences. The ethnic wage gap is much larger (39 per cent), but endowments explain 53 per cent of the gap. We also estimate the double‐negative effect of being both female and a migrant. A female migrant earns 42 per cent less than an Italian male; the unexplained component is estimated to be 53–65 per cent. Results are robust to different specifications.
DoesGSTunderestimate genetic differentiation from marker data?
Authors: Wang J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe widely applied genetic differentiation statisticsFSTandGSThave recently been criticized for underestimating differentiation when applied to highly polymorphic markers such as microsatellites. New statistics claimed to be unaffected by marker polymorphisms have been proposed and advocated to replace the traditionalFSTandGST. This study shows thatGSTgives accurate estimates and underestimates of differentiation when demographic factors are more and less important than mutations, respectively. In the former case, all markers, regardless of diversity (HS), have the sameGSTvalue in expectation and thus give replicated estimates of differentiation. In the latter case, markers of higherHShave lowerGSTvalues, resulting in a negative, roughly linear correlation betweenGSTandHSacross loci. I propose that the correlation coefficient betweenGSTandHSacross loci,rGH, can be used to distinguish the two cases and to detect mutational effects onGST. A highly negative and significantrGH, when coupled with highly variableGSTvalues among loci, would reveal that markerGSTvalues are affected substantially by mutations and marker diversity, underestimate population differentiation, and are not comparable among studies, species and markers. Simulated and empirical data sets are used to check the power and statistical behaviour, and to demonstrate the usefulness of the correlation analysis.
Demand Profiling for Dynamic Traffic Assignment by Integrating Departure Time Choice and Trip Distribution
Authors: Levin Michael W. , Boyles Stephen D. , Duthie Jennifer , Pool C. Matthew 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOne challenge in dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) modeling is estimating the finely disaggregated trip matrix required by such models. In previous work, an exogenous time distribution profile for trip departure rates is applied uniformly across all origin‐destination (O‐D) pairs. This article develops an endogenous departure time choice model based on an arrival time penalty function incorporated into trip distribution, which results in distinct demand profiles by O‐D pair. This yields a simultaneous departure time and trip choice making use of the time‐varying travel times in DTA. The required input is arrival time preferences, which can be disaggregated by O‐D pair and may be easier to collect through surveys than the demand profile. This model is integrated into the four‐step planning process with feedback, creating an extension of previous frameworks which aggregate over time. Empirical results from a network representing Austin, Texas indicate variation in departure time choice appropriate to the arrival time penalties and travel times. Our model also appears to converge faster to a dynamic trip table prediction than a time‐aggregated coupling of DTA and planning, potentially reducing the substantial computation time of combined planning models that solve DTA as a subproblem of a feedback process.
SOBIR1 requires the GxxxG dimerization motif in its transmembrane domain to form constitutive complexes with receptor‐like proteins
Authors: Bi Guozhi , Liebrand Thomas W. H. , Bye Ruby R. , Postma Jelle , van der Burgh Aranka M. , Robatzek Silke , Xu Xiangyang , Joosten Matthieu H. A. J. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryReceptor‐like proteins (RLPs), forming an important group of transmembrane receptors in plants, play roles in development and immunity. RLPs contain extracellular leucine‐rich repeats (LRRs) and, in contrast with receptor‐like kinases (RLKs), lack a cytoplasmic kinase required for the initiation of downstream signalling. Recent studies have revealed that the RLK SOBIR1/EVR (SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1‐1/EVERSHED) specifically interacts with RLPs. SOBIR1 stabilizes RLPs and is required for their function. However, the mechanism by which SOBIR1 associates with RLPs and regulates RLP function remains unknown. The Cf immune receptors of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), mediating resistance to the fungus Cladosporium fulvum, are RLPs that also interact with SOBIR1. Here, we show that both the LRR and kinase domain of SOBIR1 are dispensable for association with the RLP Cf‐4, whereas the highly conserved GxxxGxxxG motif present in the transmembrane domain of SOBIR1 is essential for its interaction with Cf‐4 and additional RLPs. Complementation assays in Nicotiana benthamiana, in which endogenous SOBIR1 levels were knocked down by virus‐induced gene silencing, showed that the LRR domain as well as the kinase activity of SOBIR1 are required for the Cf‐4/Avr4‐triggered hypersensitive response (HR). In contrast, the LRRs and kinase activity of SOBIR1 are not required for facilitation of Cf‐4 accumulation. Together, these results suggest that, in addition to being a stabilizing scaffold for RLPs, SOBIR1 is also required for the initiation of downstream signalling through its kinase domain.
SNARE protein FgVam7 controls growth, asexual and sexual development, and plant infection in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Li Bing , Fang Qin , Li Ying , Zheng Xiaobo , Zhang Zhengguang 
Published: April 2015

SummarySoluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins play critical and conserved roles in membrane fusion and vesicle transport of eukaryotic cells. Previous studies have shown that various homologues of SNARE proteins are also important in the infection of host plants by pathogenic fungi. Here, we report the characterization of a SNARE homologue, FgVam7, from Fusarium graminearum that causes head blight in wheat and barley worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis and domain comparison reveal that FgVam7 is homologous to Vam7 proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScVam7), Magnaporthe oryzae (MoVam7) and several additional fungi by containing a PhoX homology (PX) domain and a SNARE domain. We show that FgVam7 plays a regulatory role in cellular differentiation and virulence in F. graminearum. Deletion of FgVAM7 significantly reduces vegetative growth, conidiation and conidial germination, sexual reproduction and virulence. The ΔFgvam7 mutant also exhibits a defect in vacuolar maintenance and delayed endocytosis. Moreover, the ΔFgvam7 mutant is insensitive to salt and osmotic stresses, and hypersensitive to cell wall stressors. Further characterization of FgVam7 domains indicate that the PX and SNARE domains are conserved in controlling Vam7 protein localization and function, respectively. Finally, FgVam7 has been shown to positively regulate the expression of several deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis genes TRI5, TRI6 and TRI101, and DON production. Our studies provide evidence for SNARE proteins as an additional means of regulatory mechanisms that govern growth, differentiation and virulence of pathogenic fungi.
Acute liver failure in dogs and cats
Authors: Weingarten Molly A. , Sande Allison A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo define acute liver failure (ALF), review the human and veterinary literature, and discuss the etiologies and current concepts in diagnostic and treatment options for ALF in veterinary and human medicine.EtiologyIn veterinary medicine ALF is most commonly caused by hepatotoxin exposure, infectious agents, inflammatory diseases, trauma, and hypoxic injury.DiagnosisA patient may be deemed to be in ALF when there is a progression of acute liver injury with no known previous hepatic disease, the development of hepatic encephalopathy of any grade that occurs within 8 weeks after the onset of hyperbilirubinemia (defined as plasma bilirubin >50 μM/L [>2.9 mg/dL]), and the presence of a coagulopathy. Diagnostic testing to more specifically characterize liver dysfunction or pathology is usually required.TherapySupportive care to aid the failing liver and compensate for the lost functions of the liver remains the cornerstone of care of patients with ALF. Advanced therapeutic options such as extracorporeal liver assist devices and transplantation are currently available in human medicine.PrognosisThe prognosis for ALF depends upon the etiology, the degree of liver damage, and the response to therapy. In veterinary medicine, the prognosis is generally poor.
First Human Case of Meningitis and Sepsis in a Child Caused by Actinobacillus suis or Actinobacillus equuli
Authors: Montagnani Carlotta , Pecile Patrizia , Moriondo Maria , Petricci Patrizia , Becciani Sabrina , Chiappini Elena , Indolfi Giuseppe , Rossolini Gian Maria , Azzari Chiara , de Martino Maurizio , Galli Luisa 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the first human case of meningitis and sepsis caused in a child by
Actinobacillus suis
or
A. equuli
, a common opportunistic pathogen of swine or horses, respectively. Identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry and real-time PCR assay. A previous visit to a farm was suspected as the source of infection.
Comparative Evaluation of Two PCR-Based Methods for Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Xpert MRSA Gen 3 and BD-Max MRSA XT
Authors: Lepainteur Margaux , Delattre Sandrine , Cozza Sophie , Lawrence Christine , Roux Anne-Laure , Rottman Martin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

We compared two walk-away molecular diagnostic assays, the GeneXpert MRSA Gen 3 assay and the BD-Max MRSA XT assay. A total of 119 prospective swabs and 36 culture-positive samples were tested. Xpert MRSA Gen 3 had sensitivity of 95.7% and specificity of 100% versus 87.5% and 97.1% for BD-Max. The difference in agreement with the enriched culture results was significantly in favor of the Xpert assay (
P
< 0.02, McNemar nonparametric text).
Faustovirus, an Asfarvirus-Related New Lineage of Giant Viruses Infecting Amoebae
Authors: Reteno Dorine Gaëlle , Benamar Samia , Khalil Jacques Bou , Andreani Julien , Armstrong Nicholas , Klose Thomas , Rossmann Michael , Colson Philippe , Raoult Didier , La Scola Bernard 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Giant viruses are protist-associated viruses belonging to the proposed order
Megavirales
; almost all have been isolated from
Acanthamoeba
spp. Their isolation in humans suggests that they are part of the human virome. Using a high-throughput strategy to isolate new giant viruses from their original protozoan hosts, we obtained eight isolates of a new giant viral lineage from
Vermamoeba
vermiformis
, the most common free-living protist found in human environments. This new lineage was proposed to be the faustovirus lineage. The prototype member, faustovirus E12, forms icosahedral virions of ≈200 nm that are devoid of fibrils and that encapsidate a 466-kbp genome encoding 451 predicted proteins. Of these, 164 are found in the virion. Phylogenetic analysis of the core viral genes showed that faustovirus is distantly related to the mammalian pathogen African swine fever virus, but it encodes ≈3 times more mosaic gene complements. About two-thirds of these genes do not show significant similarity to genes encoding any known proteins. These findings show that expanding the panel of protists to discover new giant viruses is a fruitful strategy.

IMPORTANCE
By using
Vermamoeba
, a protist living in humans and their environment, we isolated eight strains of a new giant virus that we named faustovirus. The genomes of these strains were sequenced, and their sequences showed that faustoviruses are related to but different from the vertebrate pathogen African swine fever virus (ASFV), which belongs to the family
Asfarviridae
. Moreover, the faustovirus gene repertoire is ≈3 times larger than that of ASFV and comprises approximately two-thirds ORFans (open reading frames [ORFs] with no detectable homology to other ORFs in a database).
Mutation of Putative N-Glycosylation Sites on Dengue Virus NS4B Decreases RNA Replication
Authors: Naik Nenavath Gopal , Wu Huey-Nan 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-associated protein, and mutagenesis studies have revealed its significance in viral genome replication. In this work, we demonstrated that NS4B is an N-glycosylated protein in virus-infected cells as well as in recombinant protein expression. NS4B is N glycosylated at residues 58 and 62 and exists in two forms, glycosylated and unglycosylated. We manipulated full-length infectious RNA clones and subgenomic replicons to generate N58Q, N62Q, and N58QN62Q mutants. Each of the single mutants had distinct effects, but the N58QN62Q mutation resulted in dramatic reduction of viral production efficiency without affecting secretion or infectivity of the virion in mammalian and mosquito C6/36 hosts. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), subgenomic replicon, and
trans
-complementation assays indicated that the N58QN62Q mutation affected RNA replication possibly by the loss of glycans. In addition, four intragenic mutations (S59Y, S59F, T66A, and A137T) were obtained from mammalian and/or mosquito C6/36 cell culture systems. All of these second-site mutations compensated for the replication defect of the N58QN62Q mutant without creating novel glycosylation sites.
In vivo
protein stability analyses revealed that the N58QN62Q mutation alone or plus a compensatory mutation did not affect the stability of NS4B. Overall, our findings indicated that mutation of putative N-glycosylation sites affected the biological function of NS4B in the viral replication complex.

IMPORTANCE
This is the first report to identify and reveal the biological significance of dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) posttranslation N-glycosylation to the virus life cycle. The study demonstrated that NS4B is N glycosylated in virus-infected cells and in recombinant protein expression. NS4B is modified by glycans at Asn-58 and Asn-62. Functional characterization implied that DENV NS4B utilizes the glycosylation machinery in both mammalian and mosquito hosts. Four intragenic mutations were found to compensate for replication and subsequent viral production deficiencies without creating novel N-glycosylation sites or modulating the stabilities of the protein, suggesting that glycans may be involved in maintaining the NS4B protein conformation. NS4B glycans may be necessary elements of the viral life cycle, but compensatory mutations can circumvent their requirement. This novel finding may have broader implications in flaviviral biology as the most likely glycan at Asn-62 of NS4B is conserved in DENV serotypes and in some related flaviviruses.
Night work and breast cancer in women: a Swedish cohort study
Authors: Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Knutsson Anders , Narusyte Jurgita , Svedberg Pia , Kecklund Göran , Alexanderson Kristina 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesRecent research has suggested a moderate link between night work and breast cancer in women, mainly through case–control studies, but non-significant studies are also common and cohort studies are few. The purpose of the present study was to provide new information from cohort data through investigating the association between the number of years with night work and breast cancer among women.DesignCohort study of individuals exposed to night shift work in relation to incidence of breast cancer in women.SettingIndividuals in the Swedish Twin registry, with follow-up in the Swedish Cancer Registry.Participants13 656 women from the Swedish Twin Registry, with 3404 exposed to night work.Outcome measuresBreast cancer from the Swedish Cancer Registry (463 cases) during a follow-up time of 12 years.ResultsA Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with control for a large number of confounders showed that the HR was HR=1.68 (95% CI 0.98 to 2.88) for the group with >20 years of night work. When the follow-up time was limited to ages below 60 years, those exposed >20 years showed a HR=1.77 (95% CI 1.03 to 3.04). Shorter exposure to night work showed no significant effects.ConclusionsThe present results, together with previous work, suggest that night work is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in women, but only after relatively long-term exposure.
An Integrated Molecular Analysis of Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifies Potential Therapeutic Targets among TTF1-Negative Tumors, Including DNA Repair Proteins and Nrf2
Authors: Cardnell Robert J.G. , Behrens Carmen , Diao Lixia , Fan YouHong , Tang Ximing , Tong Pan , Minna John D. , Mills Gordon B. , Heymach John V. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Wang Jing , Byers Lauren A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used clinically to differentiate primary lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) from squamous lung cancers and metastatic adenocarcinomas from other primary sites. However, a subset of LUAD (15%–20%) does not express TTF1, and TTF1-negative patients have worse clinical outcomes. As there are no established targeted agents with activity in TTF1-negative LUAD, we performed an integrated molecular analysis to identify potential therapeutic targets.
Experimental Design: Using two clinical LUAD cohorts (274 tumors), one from our institution (PROSPECT) and The Cancer Genome Atlas, we interrogated proteomic profiles (by reverse phase protein array, RPPA), gene expression, and mutational data. Drug response data from 74 cell lines were used to validate potential therapeutic agents.
Results: Strong correlations were observed between TTF1 IHC and TTF1 measurements by RPPA (Rho = 0.57, P &lt; 0.001) and gene expression (NKX2-1, Rho = 0.61, P &lt; 0.001). Established driver mutations (e.g., BRAF and EGFR) were associated with high TTF1 expression. In contrast, TTF1-negative LUAD had a higher frequency of inactivating KEAP1 mutations (P = 0.001). Proteomic profiling identified increased expression of DNA repair proteins (e.g., Chk1 and the DNA repair score) and suppressed PI3k/mTOR signaling among TTF1-negative tumors, with differences in total proteins confirmed at the mRNA level. Cell line analysis showed drugs targeting DNA repair to be more active in TTF1-low cell lines.
Conclusions: Combined genomic and proteomic analyses demonstrated infrequent alteration of validated lung cancer targets (including the absence of BRAF mutations in TTF1-negative LUAD), but identified novel potential targets for TTF1-negative LUAD, including KEAP1/Nrf2 and DNA repair pathways. Clin Cancer Res; 21(15); 3480–91. ©2015 AACR.
Desafios na tradução do norueguês para o português, ilustrados pela versão brasileira de alguns contos populares
Authors: Nilsson Kåire 
Published: April 2015

<p>Os contos populares noruegueses compilados pelos folcloristas P. Chr. Asbjørnsen e Jørgen Moe no século passado representam a primeira aproximação escrita da língua falada nas zonas rurais da Noruega central, enquanto a língua oficial era ainda o dinamarquês. Precisamente pela "norueguesidade" singular dos textos, típica de uma época já remota, constitui um grande desafio reproduzir o seu universo através de uma tradução destinada a um público brasileiro de hoje, ao mesmo tempo que os contos se prestam bem a ilustrar as particularidades inerentes que distinguem o norueguês do português.</p><p>No presente trabalho pretendo demonstrar as diferenças estruturais e culturais mais salientes no que diz respeito à tradução para o português do norueguês em geral e destes contos em particular, sistematizando os problemas e discutindo algumas soluções propostas por Francis H. Aubert na sua antologia intitulada <em>Askeladden &amp; outras aventuras</em>, versão brasileira de parte do patrimônio literário coligido por Asbjørsen e Moe.</p>