bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and depression: does worsening control of diabetes lead to poorer depression outcomes?
Authors: Angstman Kurt , Flinchbaugh Robert T. , Flinchbaugh Katherine , Meunier Matthew R. , Angstman Gregory L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe relationship between diabetes and depression is complex. The aim of this study was to study the impact of diabetic control in depressed primary care patients with diabetes on clinical remission of their depression at 6 months.MethodsThis study was a retrospective chart review analysis of 145 adult patients diagnosed with either major depressive disorder or dysthymia and had a score of 10 or greater on the PHQ‐9. The dependent variable for this study was depression remission at 6 months. The independent variables for this study were age, gender, marital status, race, BMI and HbA1c level within 2 months prior to the time of depression diagnosis.ResultsMultiple logistic regression modelling demonstrated that initial diabetic control or obesity were not independent predictors of depression remission at 6 months after index date. Also, the odds for the diabetes being in control (HbA1c <8.0%) after 6 months was only associated with being in control at baseline (OR 5.549, CI 2.364–13.024, P < 0.001).ConclusionsBaseline diabetic control does not appear to be an independent predictor for depression outcomes at 6 months. The best predictor of diabetic control after the diagnosis of depression was previous control of diabetes.
Fast Technology Analysis Enables Identification of Species and Genotypes of Latent Microsporidia Infections in Healthy Native Cameroonians
Authors: Ndzi Edward S. , Asonganyi Tazoacha , Nkinin Mary Bello , Xiao Lihua , Didier Elizabeth S. , Bowers Lisa C. , Nkinin Stephenson W. , Kaneshiro Edna S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSeveral enteric microsporidia species have been detected in humans and other vertebrates and their identifications at the genotype level are currently being elucidated. As advanced methods, reagents, and disposal kits for detecting and identifying pathogens become commercially available, it is important to test them in settings other than in laboratories with “state‐of‐the‐art” equipment and well‐trained staff members. In the present study, we sought to detect microsporidia DNA preserved and extracted from FTA (fast technology analysis) cards spotted with human fecal suspensions obtained from Cameroonian volunteers living in the capital city of Yaoundé to preclude the need for employing spore‐concentrating protocols. Further, we tested whether amplicon nucleotide sequencing approaches could be used on small aliquots taken from the cards to elucidate the diversity of microsporidia species and strains infecting native residents. Of 196 samples analyzed, 12 (6.1%) were positive for microsporidia DNA; Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Type IV and KIN‐1), Encephalitozoon cuniculi, and Encephalitozoon intestinalis were identified. These data demonstrate the utility of the FTA cards in identifying genotypes of microsporidia DNA in human fecal samples that may be applied to field testing for prevalence studies.
The Ferrous Find: Counting Iron and Steel Stocks in China's Economy
Authors: Wang Tao , Müller Daniel B. , Hashimoto Seiji 
Published: August 2015

SummaryA detailed understanding of material stocks in use is essential for anticipating future scrap availability, identifying critical drivers for material use, and developing strategies for resource efficiency. Here, we present a bottom‐up assessment of iron and steel stocks in use in urban and rural China for the years 2000 and 2010, including >250 subcategories of products and components, and grouping them into five main end‐use categories (i.e., buildings, infrastructure, domestic appliances, machinery, and transport equipment). The uncertainty range of the steel content per type of stock, a determinant of the accuracy and usefulness of the stock accounting, is probed by multiple means, including sample analysis. Important findings are that (1) iron and steel stocks in China have climbed to 2.4 tonnes/capita (t/cap) in 2010, up from 0.9 t/cap in 2000. The use of reinforced concrete in construction of the urban built environment was the major driver for stock growth; (2) a rural‐urban difference was uncovered, with rural iron and steel stocks of approximately 1.1 t/cap and the urban iron and steel stocks of approximately 3.7 t/cap in 2010. Both are, nevertheless, far below the level of 10 to 16 t/cap observed in highly industrialized and urbanized countries. For this reason, further stock increase is foreseeable as urbanization and industrialization proceeds and quality of life improves; (3) nearly half of the steel stocks were embedded in concrete structures, and 23% were located in the countryside. Only a fraction of these stocks are currently recovered at end of life.
Adenosine A2A receptors permit mGluR5‐evoked tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2B (Tyr1472) in rat hippocampus: a possible key mechanism in NMDA receptor modulation
Authors: Sarantis Konstantinos , Tsiamaki Eirini , Kouvaros Stylianos , Papatheodoropoulos Costas , Angelatou Fevronia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA great body of evidence points toward a functional interaction between metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors (mGluR5) and NMDA receptors (NMDAR) that enhances synaptic plasticity and cognition. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this interaction remains unclear. Here, we show that co‐activation of mGluR5 and NMDAR in hippocampal slices synergistically leads to a robust phosphorylation of NR2B (Tyr1472), which is Src kinase dependent and is enabled by endogenous adenosine acting on A2A receptors. As it is well known, NR2B (Tyr1472) phosphorylation anchors NR2B‐containing NMDARs to the surface of post‐synaptic membranes, preventing their internalization. This is supported by our electrophysiological experiments showing that co‐activation of mGluR5 and NMDARs robustly enhances NMDAR‐dependent neuronal excitability recorded in CA1 hippocampal region, which temporally coincides with the robust increase in NR2B (Tyr1472) phosphorylation, depends on Src kinases and is also permitted by A2A receptors. Thus, we strongly suggest that NR2B (Tyr1472) phosphorylation constitutes, at least to some extent, the molecular mechanism underlying the mGluR5‐mediated enhancement of NMDAR‐dependent responses, which is modulated by A2A receptors. A better understanding of the molecular basis of mGluR5/NMDAR interaction would elucidate their role in synaptic plasticity processes as well as in pathological conditions.
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We propose the following molecular mechanism by which metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGluR5) potentiate ionotropic Glutamate N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) responses in rat hippocampus. Co‐activation of mGLUR5/NMDAR activates Src kinases, leading to NR2B(Tyr1472) phosphorylation, which anchors NR2B‐containing NMDAR to the plasma membrane, thus inducing a robust increase in the NMDA‐dependent excitability. Interestingly, adenosine A2A receptors license the mGluR5‐induced NR2B(Tyr1472) phosphorylation.
Transferring Conditioned Partially Edentulous Ridge Form to a Master Cast
Authors: Pereira Jefferson Ricardo , Ghizoni Janaina Salomon , de Oliveira Marcelo Tomás , Pamato Saulo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGingival conditioning techniques in prosthodontics aim to overcome bone and soft‐tissue defects that often compromise the outcome of restorations in terms of esthetics, function, and biocompatibility. Whatever the technique used, it is essential to reproduce a regular concave gingival outline in order to recreate the natural aspect of the relationship between teeth and gingiva, eliminating black triangles. Transferring the details of the conditioned soft tissue to the laboratory technician with precision may be challenging. The authors hereby propose a novel technique to transfer the clinical aspect of the conditioned soft tissue to the master cast, using a customized metal framework to help ensure accuracy.
Sequential population study of the impact of earthquakes on the emotional and behavioural well‐being of 4‐year‐olds in Canterbury, New Zealand
Authors: Thomson Janine , Seers Kara , Frampton Chris , Hider Phil , Moor Stephanie 
Published: August 2015

AimExposure to a large natural disaster can lead to behavioural disturbances, developmental delay and anxiety among young children. Although most children are resilient, some will develop mental health problems. Major earthquakes occurred in Canterbury, New Zealand, in September 2010 and February 2011. A community screening tool assessing behavioural and emotional problems in children, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, has been reported by parents (SDQ‐P) and teachers (SDQ‐T) of all 4‐year‐olds in the region since 2008.MethodsMean total and subtest scores for the SDQ‐P and SDQ‐T were compared across periods before, during and after the earthquakes in sequential population cohorts of children. Comparisons across the periods were made in relation to the proportions of children defined by New Zealand norms as ‘abnormal’. Results were also compared between zones considered to have been exposed to higher or lower impact from the earthquakes.ResultsParent mean total SDQ scores did not change between periods before, during and after the earthquakes. Teacher mean SDQ total scores significantly reduced (improved) when compared between baseline and post‐earthquake periods. Mean SDQ pro‐social scores from both teachers and parents increased (strengthened) when compared between baseline and post‐earthquake periods. Results did not significantly vary according to a measure of impact from the earthquakes.ConclusionThe main finding that a population‐based measure of behavioural and emotional problems among children was not deleteriously impacted by the earthquakes is surprising and is not consistent with other research findings. Further work is needed to explore the health needs of children in Canterbury based on methodological improvements.
Dual-functionalized poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with poly(ethylene glycol) conjugation and thiolation improved blood compatibility
Authors: Liu Yuanjie , Pang Yanzhen , Toh Ming R , Chiu Gigi N C 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to examine the blood compatibility of dual-functionalized poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers.

Methods
The cationic PAMAM dendrimer of generation 4.0 (PM4.0) were functionalized by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugation or by thiolation or the combination of both methods. Various in-vitro assays including immune cell cytotoxicity, haemoglobin release, serum albumin binding, complement activation and coagulation times were used to characterize the compatibility with blood components.

Key findings
Although thiolation of polymers has been reported as a strategy to reduce platelet activation or aggregation, thiolation of PM4.0 alone did not offer any protective effect against the dendrimer toxicity on blood components or functions. PEGylation was able to reduce the toxic effect and interactions of the unmodified and thiolated PM4.0 on various blood components and functions; yet, PEGylated PM4.0 displayed prolonged prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastin times. Among various PM4.0 derivatives, dual-functionalized PM4.0 with PEG and thiol groups displayed the least toxicity to various blood components and functions.

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that comprehensive studies of dendrimer biocompatibility should be performed so as to establish the safe dose window for systemic administration.
Core pathways operating during methylotrophy of Bacillus methanolicus MGA3 and induction of a bacillithiol‐dependent detoxification pathway upon formaldehyde stress
Authors: Müller Jonas E. N. , Meyer Fabian , Litsanov Boris , Kiefer Patrick , Vorholt Julia A. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBacillus methanolicus MGA3 is a model facultative methylotroph of interest for fundamental research and biotechnological applications. Previous research uncovered a number of pathways potentially involved in one‐carbon substrate utilization. Here, we applied dynamic 13C labeling to elucidate which of these pathways operate during growth on methanol and to uncover potentially new ones. B. methanolicus MGA3 uses the assimilatory and dissimilatory ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) cycles for conversion of the central but toxic intermediate formaldehyde. Additionally, the operation of two cofactor‐dependent formaldehyde oxidation pathways with distinct roles was revealed. One is dependent on tri‐ and tetraglutamylated tetrahydrofolate (THF) and is involved in formaldehyde oxidation during growth on methanol. A second pathway was discovered that is dependent on bacillithiol, a thiol cofactor present also in other Bacilli where it is known to function in redox‐homeostasis. We show that bacillithiol‐dependent formaldehyde oxidation is activated upon an upshift in formaldehyde induced by a substrate switch from mannitol to methanol. The genes and the corresponding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of bacillithiol were identified by heterologous production of bacillithiol in Escherichia coli. The presented results indicate metabolic plasticity of the methylotroph allowing acclimation to fluctuating intracellular formaldehyde concentrations.
Disruption of the GABA shunt affects mitochondrial respiration and virulence in the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Bönnighausen Jakob , Gebhard Daniel , Kröger Cathrin , Hadeler Birgit , Tumforde Thomas , Lieberei Reinhard , Bergemann Jörg , Schäfer Wilhelm , Bormann Jörg 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum threatens food and feed production worldwide. It reduces the yield and poisons the remaining kernels with mycotoxins, notably deoxynivalenol (DON). We analyzed the importance of gamma‐aminobutanoic acid (GABA) metabolism for the life cycle of this fungal pathogen. GABA metabolism in F. graminearum is partially regulated by the global nitrogen regulator AreA. Genetic disruption of the GABA shunt by deletion of two GABA transaminases renders the pathogen unable to utilize the plant stress metabolites GABA and putrescine. The mutants showed increased sensitivity against oxidative stress, GABA accumulation in the mycelium, downregulation of two key enzymes of the TCA cycle, disturbed potential gradient in the mitochondrial membrane and lower mitochondrial oxygen consumption. In contrast, addition of GABA to the wild type resulted in its rapid turnover and increased mitochondrial steady state oxygen consumption. GABA concentrations are highly upregulated in infected wheat tissues. We conclude that GABA is metabolized by the pathogen during infection increasing its energy production, whereas the mutants accumulate GABA intracellularly resulting in decreased energy production. Consequently, the GABA mutants are strongly reduced in virulence but, because of their DON production, are able to cross the rachis node.
Professional quality of life: A cross‐sectional survey among Chinese clinical nurses
Authors: Shen Jie , Yu Hairong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Jiang Anli 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Professional Quality of Life Scale was adapted to create a Chinese version to investigate the professional quality of life of Chinese nurses and possible risk factors. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 752 nurses sampled from four general hospitals in Shanghai, China. An expert panel, cognitive review, and pretest were used to ensure cultural adaptability. Psychometric tests included reliability and validity. One‐way and multivariate analysis of variance were conducted for statistical analysis. Content validity indexes of all items were over 0.90. Five items were excluded because their item‐total correlations and factor loading of exploratory factor analysis were less than 0.3. The 25‐item scale revealed acceptable reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis supported its structure. There was variation in the scores between different departments, religions, working positions, nursing experiences, forms of employment, and average working hours (all P < 0.05). This study extended the application of the original scale in Chinese nursing culture. Attention should be paid to risk factors and differences between East and West.
Examining Nurse Consultant connectivity: An Australian mixed method study
Authors: Giles Michelle , Parker Vicki , Mitchell Rebecca 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe nurse consultant (NC) role in Australia is a senior classification of advanced practice nurse has been described as enhancing health care outcomes largely through extensive collaboration with consumers, nurses, and other health professionals. However, little is known about the actual nature, amount, and quality of NC interactions. This study examines the connectivity of the NC role across metropolitan and rural contexts, using a mixed method sequential design with an online survey and focus groups with NCs and other stakeholders. Results demonstrated that NCs most commonly have high density connectivity patterns with other nursing colleagues, medical staff, patients/clients, and administrative staff. Position grade (1, 2 or 3) influences density of connectivity, as does location, with those based in metropolitan roles engaging significantly less with other clinicians.Findings demonstrate that many NCs are highly collaborative and predominantly embedded into interprofessional practice models. This study provides valuable insight into the diverse and often complex NC role and the way in which NC expertise and influence is deployed and integrated across a large local health district.
Non‐enteric infections, antibiotic use, and risk of development of functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Paula H. , Grover M. , Halder S. L. , Locke G. R. , Schleck C. D. , Zinsmeister A. R. , Talley N. J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal infections are risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD). We investigated whether non‐enteric infections and antibiotic exposure are also associated with the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs).MethodsIn a nested case–control study, random samples of Olmsted County, MN, were mailed valid self‐report questionnaires from 1988 through 1994, and then follow‐up questionnaires from 1995 through 2003. Survey responders who did not report any FGID symptoms at baseline, but then reported such symptoms in at least one subsequent survey, were classified as new‐onset cases. Age‐matched controls were individuals who did not have symptoms at either the initial or subsequent surveys.Key ResultsThe overall response rate was 78% to the initial survey and 52% to the follow‐up survey. Based on the responses, 316 participants had a new onset of an FGID (43 IBS constipation, 95 IBS diarrhea, 25 IBS mixed, and 153 other FGIDs, including FD) and 250 did not (controls). Around 76% (241/316) of cases reported a non‐enteric infection vs 66% (166/250) of the controls. The frequency of enteric infections was similar between the two groups. Of the new FGID cases, 83% had a non‐enteric infection that was treated with antibiotic. In a logistic regression model, treatment with antibiotics for a non‐gastrointestinal infection was associated with the development of an FGID (odds ratio = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.21–2.98; p = 0.005), after adjusting for age and sex.Conclusions & InferencesBased on a case–control study, treatment of a non‐gastrointestinal infection with antibiotics appears to be a risk factor for development of an FGID.
Demonstration of elevated levels of active cathepsin S in dextran sulfate sodium colitis using a new activatable probe
Authors: Barlow N. , Nasser Y. , Zhao P. , Sharma N. , Guerrero‐Alba R. , Edgington‐Mitchell L. E. , Lieu T. , Veldhuis N. A. , Poole D. P. , Conner J. W. , Lindström E. , Craig A. W. , Graham B. , Vanner S. J. , Bunnett N. W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundProteases play a major role in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Activatable probes are a major technological advance, enabling sensitive detection of active proteases in tissue samples. Our aim was to synthesize an activatable probe for cathepsin S and validate its use in a mouse model of colitis.MethodsWe designed and synthesized a new fluorescent activatable probe, NB200, for the detection of active cathepsin S. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by the administration of 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Homogenized mouse colons, with or without the addition of the specific cathepsin S inhibitor MV026031, were incubated with NB200 in a fluorescent plate reader.Key ResultsNB200 selectively detected purified cathepsin S and not other common inflammatory proteases. Homogenates of colon from mice with DSS colitis induced a significant fluorescent increase when compared to control animals (control vs DSS: p < 0.05 at 200 min and p < 0.01 at 220–240 min), indicating cathepsin S activation. The cathepsin S inhibitor abolished this increase in fluorescence (DSS vs DSS + MV026031: p < 0.05 at 140 min, p < 0.01 at 180 min, p < 0.001 at 200–240 min), which confirms cathepsin S activation. Cathepsin S activity correlated with the disease activity index (Spearman r = 0.77, p = 0.017).Conclusions & InferencesOur investigation has demonstrated the utility of activatable probes for detecting protease activity in intestinal inflammation. Panels of such probes may allow ‘signature’ protease profiles to be established for a range of inflammatory diseases and disorders.
Tapetal oleosins play an essential role in tapetosome formation and protein relocation to the pollen coat
Authors: Lévesque‐Lemay Madeleine , Chabot Denise , Hubbard Keith , Chan John K. , Miller Shea , Robert Laurian S. 
Published: August 2015

Summary

The Arabidopsis pollen grain is covered by a lipidic pollen coat representing select constituents released upon the programmed cell death of the anther secretory tapetum. These constituents originate primarily from two specialized tapetal organelles, elaioplasts and tapetosomes. Tapetosomes are distinctive Brassicaceae organelles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum that store triacylglycerols, flavonoids, alkanes, and proteins.

The tapetosome triacylglycerols are found within lipid droplets surrounded by the highly variable tapetal oleosins that eventually generate the most abundant proteins of the pollen coat. Many questions remain regarding the sub‐cellular targeting of tapetal oleosins as well as their role in tapetosome formation. Translational fusions of different tapetal oleosins or their derived domains to marker proteins were introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate their localization, processing and function.

Arabidopsis tapetal oleosins were shown to be proteolytically cleaved following tapetum degeneration and different protein domains were targeted to the pollen coat despite vast differences in composition and size. Importantly, specific fusions were discovered to affect distinct aspects of tapetosome formation.

This report not only highlighted the critical role of individual tapetal oleosin domains in Arabidopsis tapetosome formation, but revealed translational fusions to be a valuable tool in deciphering this evidently complex developmental process.
METHODS OF MODELING CONSUMPTION SATURATION WITH UNCERTAINTY IN OPTIMAL STOCKPILE PROBLEMS
Authors: LLOYD J. M. , MEYER G. G. L. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTEconomic problems in the optimal management of strategic resource stockpiles can be rigorously studied and solved by formulating them as optimal control problems in continuous time. In these optimal control problems, the proper description of the control constraints and objective function are critical to reflecting a realistic economic model. Existing work in this area often ignores fundamental saturation effects in the economic systems under scrutiny, and the following paper introduces and compares several methods for correcting this common modeling simplification in both deterministic and stochastic contexts.