bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-year predictors of PTSD symptoms, anxiety, and depression in SARS-CoV-2 survivors: psychological flexibility and major life events as main predictive factors
Authors: Carvalho Sérgio A. , Pinto Helena , Carreiras Diogo , Palmeira Lara , Pereira Marco , Trindade Inês A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic held considerable health-related outcomes worldwide, including mental health challenges, with elevated risk of psychiatric sequelae.MethodsThis study aimed to test the longitudinal (1 year) predictive role of psychosocial factors on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depressive symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 survivors (N = 209 at T1; N = 61; attrition rate 70.83%), through Pearson’s correlation analyses and longitudinal multiple regression analyses. Participants (age M = 35.4, SD = 10.1) completed online self-report questionnaires of psychosocial variables, PTSD, anxiety, and depression.ResultsDepression and anxiety symptoms were increased, and 42% of survivors presented clinically meaningful PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptoms were longitudinally predicted by having children (β = 0.32, p &lt; 0.01), number of recent major life events (β = 0.34, p &lt; 0.01), and psychological flexibility (β = −0.36, p &lt; 0.01). Number of major life events (β = 0.29, p &lt; 0.05) and psychological flexibility (β = −0.29, p &lt; 0.05) predicted anxiety. Number of recent major life events (β = 0.32, p &lt; 0.01) was the sole predictor of depressive symptoms.DiscussionPsychosocial variables contribute to the long-term harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychopathological symptoms. These results suggest that, during the pandemic, mental health was impacted by both socio-contextual factors and individual self-regulatory skills, namely the ability to respond flexibily to contextual cues and guide behavior according to the direct experience. Specifically, results point out the importance of societal incentives to reduce parental burden and socioeconomic losses, as well as to promote adaptive psychological skills such as psychological flexibility.
The chain mediating effects of resilience and perceived social support in the relationship between perceived stress and depression in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Wang Lingling , Yu Jing , Diao Xuqian , Zhang Yuanbei , Miao Ye , He Wei 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPerceived stress and depression were indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in square-cabin hospitals. It was paramount to understand their mediating effects, which might detonate factors that led to mental illness.Materials and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate perceived stress and depressive symptoms among patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai square-cabin hospitals from April 18 to May 19, 2022. The questionnaire included the Perceived Stress Scale 10, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10.ResultsThis study investigated the chain-mediating roles of perceived social support and resilience in the relationship between perceived stress and depression. Perceived stress positively predicted depression (r = 0.613, p &lt; 0.01), negatively correlated with perceived social support (r = −0.318, p &lt; 0.01) and resilience (r = −0.398, p &lt; 0.01). In the chain mediating model, perceived stress had significant direct predictive effects on depression, and significant indirect predictive effects on depression through perceived social support and/or resilience.ConclusionIt showed that higher perceived social support and resilience were associated with lower perceived stress among COVID-19 patients, which might lead to symptoms of mild depression, and highlights the importance of resilience and perceived social support in reducing depressive symptoms.
Different perspectives of prison guards and mental health workers in forensic care
Authors: Timar Jasvant , Buurman Evi , Westen Koen , Delespaul Philippe 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThis study investigates the differences in treatment perspectives of prison guards and mental health practitioners within a Psychiatric Prison Unit (PPU).MethodsThis qualitative study uses questionnaires and focus groups to explore the relationships between prison guards (N = 4) and mental health professionals (N = 6) working at the Psychiatric Prison Unit in Zwolle, the Netherlands. Two questionnaires (the Recovery Attitude Questionnaire and the Recovery Knowledge Inventory) were completed by the participants. A selected subsample based on diverging beliefs concerning treatment perspectives was recruited for additional focus groups. The dialogues were transcribed and coded into a comprehensive scheme. Responses were analyzed to describe perceptions and attitudes of respondents towards forensic care.ResultsThis study identified three main themes: policy, communication, and person-dependent factors. Understaffing and high turnover rates in the correctional facility led to prioritization of safety concerns over treatment objectives. Guards and mental health professionals had different communication styles which hindered the alignment of treatment goals. Person-dependent factors, including personality traits and individual attributes, were significant in shaping collaborative interactions.ConclusionThis study reveals agreement in the viewpoints between prison guards and mental health professionals but highlights the complex challenges in providing effective treatment within the confines of a correctional facility. These challenges are influenced by policy dynamics, communication limitations, and individual-specific factors.
A novel application of lemmatize and thematic analysis to understand protective measures perspectives of patients with chronic respiratory disease during the first outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Palacios-Ceña Domingo , Peña-Otero David , Casanova-Macario Ciro , Cuenca-Zaldivar Juan Nicolas , Garcia-Bravo Cristina , Fernandez-de-las-Peñas Cesar , Díaz-Pérez David 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo describe the perspectives of a group of COPD patients during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and narrate the emotions and polarity (acceptance-rejection) regarding living with COPD during the pandemic.Design/methodsWe used a novel application of lemmatization and thematic analysis of participants’ narratives. A study was carried out with eight patients with moderate–severe-very severe COPD during the first outbreak of COVID-19 using purposive sampling. In-depth interviews and field notes from the researchers were used to collect data. A statistical content analysis (lemmatization) of the patients’ narratives was performed. Additionally, inductive thematic analysis was used to identify emerging themes. This study was conducted following the guidelines of Consolidated Criteria/Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles articulated in the WMA Declaration of Helsinki. Participants provided verbal informed consent prior to their inclusion as previously described.ResultsThe average age of our sample was 65 years, and 75% of the patients suffered from moderate COPD, 12.5% from severe COPD, and 12.5% from very severe COPD according to GOLD criteria. The lemmatized and sentiment analysis showed a predominance of positive emotions, and the polarity of the interviews indicated a very slight positive trend towards acceptance of the experience lived during the pandemic. Additionally, three main themes were identified: (1) Confinement and restriction measures, (2) COVID-19 and protective measures, and (3) Clinical care during the first outbreak of the pandemic.ConclusionPatients experienced confinement with a feeling of security and protection. They strictly respect social distancing. They used masks, but these caused them to feel short of breath and fatigue, especially FFP2 masks. Half of the patients rejected the possibility of being vaccinated. Finally, they were very satisfied with the clinical care they received in the COPD unit of their hospital. Our results show that COPD patients have not experienced a negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Short- and long-term impacts of the National Essential Medicines Policy on drug availability, price, and usage in a deprived rural county in southwestern China: an interrupted time series analysis across 8 years
Authors: Xiong Xuechen , Huo Zhaohua , Zhou Shuai , Bai Ge , He Shiying , Zhou Yinan , Jia Jing , Quan Jianchao , Luo Li 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundChina’s National Essential Medicines Policy (NEMP) has been implemented for over 15 years; yet empirical evidence on its long-term impacts is lacking, particularly in remote and rural regions. This study aims to assess the short-and long-term effects of NEMP on the drug availability, price, and usage in a deprived rural county in southwestern China.MethodsA quasi-experimental design was employed, featuring a single-group pre-and-post comparison. We gathered 74,436 procurement records spanning from 2009 to 2016 from the drug warehouses of local medical institutions. Pharmaceutical data were analyzed quarterly, considering various policy and therapeutic attributes. Fisher’s Drug Price Index (DPI-F) was calibrated for the retail and wholesale prices of a consistent collection of 405 medications. We conducted interrupted time-series analysis to examine the immediate and enduring impacts of NEMP’s initial (commencing in January 2011) and second (starting from December 2015) stages.ResultsAfter initiation of NEMP, the number of available essential medicines surged by 115 but subsequently faced a steady quarterly decline (−9.1) in township healthcare centers (THCs, primary care). Conversely, county hospitals (secondary care) initially saw a reduction of 40 in drug availability but later exhibited a steady increase (+4.2 per quarter) up to the second-stage NEMP. Regarding price, THCs encountered abrupt (−26.1%/−15.9% in retail/wholesale price) and sustained (−0.2%/−0.3% per quarter) price drops after NEMP. The immediate price change after NEMP in county hospitals were milder but significant in non-essential medicines, and long-term declines were also observed in all drugs. As for total sales, a significant long-term disparity emerged between THCs (+0.9% per quarter) and county hospitals (+3.3% per quarter). Following the second-stage NEMP, retail prices in county hospitals further decreased, although wholesale prices did not; however, following price upward trends were observed in both THCs and county hospitals. Lastly, the influences of NEMP varied across different therapeutical categories of medicines.ConclusionNEMP has successfully regulated drug prices in primary and secondary healthcare facilities in remote and rural areas, both short-term and long-term. However, a remarkable disparity in medicine availability and utilization was observed between different levels of facilities over time. Continuous monitoring is essential, with increased attention needed on the uneven impacts of the policy on diverse drugs, facilities, regions, and demographics.
Domestic violence and associated factors among pregnant women in sub-Saharan African countries from the recent demographic and health survey data: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Melkam Mamaru , Fentahun Setegn , Rtbey Gidey , Andualem Fantahun , Nakie Girum , Tinsae Techilo , Wassie Yilkal Abebaw , Lemma Seifu Beminate , Fente Bezawit Melak 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a human rights violation that often involves violence against women, which appears to be the most prevalent type of abuse. IPV is a global public health issue with major human rights violations. Pregnant women’s IPV needs special consideration because of the possible harm that might happen to mothers and their fetuses. The enormous global public health issue of IPV affects physical, mental, and sexual transgressions. Even though there were studies conducted on IPV among women, few studies were conducted among pregnant women in sub-Saharan African countries. Therefore, this study revealed IPV and associated factors among pregnant women from the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in sub-Saharan African countries.MethodsMultilevel logistic regression analysis used data from the recent sub-Saharan African countries DHS was carried out using this secondary data. For this study, pregnant women between the ages of 15 and 49 were included; the total sample size was 17,672. Multilevel logistic regression models were calibrated to determine the associated factors at the individual and community level with IPV, with a 95% CI and AOR.ResultsThe prevalence of IPV among pregnant women in 23 sub-Saharan African countries was 41.94%, with a 95% CI of 40.82 to 43.06%. Poorer and poorest [AOR = 1.92; 95% CI: (1.01, 3.67)] and [AOR = 2.01; 95% CI:(1.02, 3.92)], partner alcohol drink [AOR = 3.37;95% CI:(2.21, 5.14)], and no partner education [AOR = 2.01;95% CI:(1.12, 3.63)] were statistically associated factors with IPV among pregnant women.ConclusionThe prevalence of IPV among pregnant women in sub-Saharan African countries was high (41.94%). Low economic status, partner drinking alcohol, and partner no education were the associated factors of IPV. This finding provides clues for policymakers and other organizations concerned about women.
Management of undernutrition during preconception and pregnancy in an urban setting in North India
Authors: Dhabhai Neeta , Chowdhury Ranadip , Taneja Sunita , Shekhar Medha , Kaur Jasmine , Mittal Pratima , Dewan Rupali , Bhandari Nita 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe prevalence of underweight in women of reproductive age (WRA) in South Asia remains unacceptably high. Underweight women suffer from lowered immunity, infertility, and a risk of developing non-communicable diseases. In pregnancy, undernutrition results in poor neonatal and maternal outcomes. We present the findings and the management strategy of undernutrition in the preconception and pregnancy phase intervention group in the WING study in low- to lower-middle-income neighborhoods of North India.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Women and Infants Integrated Interventions for Growth Study (WINGS) intervention group. In this individually randomized factorial design trial, 13,500 women were enrolled from low to middle-income neighborhoods of Delhi: 6,722 women in the preconception group and 2,640 from the pregnancy group. Food supplements in the form of locally prepared snacks were given to provide necessary calories and protein requirements as per the Body mass index (BMI) during the preconception period and each trimester of pregnancy. The snacks (sweet or savory) and milk or egg as a source of high-quality protein were delivered at home, and intakes were observed. Individual tracking and close monthly monitoring were done for compliance, besides screening and treatment of infections.ResultsThe enrolled women's mean (SD) age was 24.2 (3.1) years. Approximately 35% of women had a height of &lt; 150 cm, and 50% had schooling &gt;12 years. 17% of women in preconception and 14 % in pregnancy intervention groups were Underweight. Approximately two-thirds of underweight women improved 9–12 months after management in the preconception group, and the same proportion improved 4 weeks after management during pregnancy. The proportion of women with inadequate weight gain (IWG) during pregnancy was higher in women who were underweight during preconception.DiscussionA comprehensive approach to managing undernutrition with high-quality energy-dense food supplementation substantially improved weight gain in women during preconception and pregnancy.Clinical trial registrationhttp://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=19339%26EncHid=%26userName=societyforappliedstudies, identifier: Clinical Trial Registry India #CTRI/2017/06/008908.
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances is associated with impaired cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zong Shuli , Wang Lin , Wang Sutong , Wang Yongcheng , Jiang Yuehua , Sun Liping , Zong Yingying , Li Xiao 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure and cardiovascular disease are controversial. We aimed to assess the association between serum PFAS exposure and cardiovascular health (CVH) in U.S. adults.MethodsWe analyzed serum PFAS concentration data of U.S. adults reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study (2005–2018). We employed two weighted logistic regression models and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) to examine the association between each PFAS and impaired CVH (defined as moderate and low CVH). Quantile g-computation (Qgcomp) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) analysis were used to estimate the effects of mixed exposures to PFASs on impaired CVH.ResultsPFAS were associated with an increased risk of impaired CVH (ORPFNA: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.80; ORPFOA: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.88; ORPFOS: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.11). PFOA and PFOS exhibited nonlinear relationships with impaired CVH. Significant interactions were observed for impaired CVH between race/ethnicity and PFHxS (p = 0.02), marital status and PFOA (p = 0.03), and both marital status and race/ethnicity with PFOS (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Analysis via WQS and Qgcomp revealed that the mixture of PFAS was positively associated with an increased risk of impaired CVH.ConclusionPFNA, PFOA, and PFOS exposure are associated with an increased risk of impaired CVH in U.S. adults. Race/ethnicity and marital status may influence CVH. Reducing PFAS exposure could alleviate the burden of disease associated with impaired CVH.
Digital social media expression and social adaptability of the older adult driven by artificial intelligence
Authors: Gao Yuan , Liang Jiahui , Xu Zhengbing 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThis study examines the impact of digital new media art on the health literacy and digital health literacy of older adults. It explores how digital new media art influences the social adaptability of the older adult, with a focus on variations in their engagement with digital technologies and community activities.MethodsThe research employed interviews and observations of older adult participants from communities A and B. Data were collected on their smartphone usage, community engagement, and access to technological infrastructure. The study also assessed their interaction with digital new media across various domains, including interpersonal communication, information retrieval, entertainment, practical applications, and mobile payments.ResultsThe study found significant differences in engagement with digital new media art among the older adult. Participants with prior computer experience were generally more skilled in using smartphones and more active in community events. In contrast, individuals in community B showed lower acceptance of digital new media art and no clear association with community participation. There was substantial variability in their use of digital media for information retrieval, entertainment, practical applications, and mobile payments. Some older adult individuals demonstrated proficiency with these technologies, while others were more reserved.DiscussionThe findings suggest that digital new media art can enhance community participation and social adaptability among older adults, particularly those with prior computer experience. However, disparities in digital media usage highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve digital health literacy and engagement across different community settings. The study underscores the importance of addressing these disparities to ensure that all older adults can benefit from digital advancements, thereby improving their overall well-being and health literacy.
Optimization of planting date and irrigation strategy for sustainable cotton production
Authors: Fan Hongjian , Xue Lu , Ma Hao 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe study aims to evaluate the impact of climatological factors on rice yield and methane emissions in Southern Shaanxi’s rice cultivation areas, with the goal of informing effective Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) strategies.MethodsA three-year longitudinal analysis (2017-2019) was conducted, examining the correlation between rice productivity and weather conditions within the agricultural ecosystem. Data on rice yields and methane emissions were collected and analyzed to determine patterns and trends.ResultsSignificant correlations were identified between rice yield and weather conditions, with favorable weather for rice growth correlating with higher methane emissions. Methane emissions were particularly high during the vegetative and reproductive stages of rice growth, peaking 60 to 90 days after transplanting. Average emissions for this period were 245.2±80.1 kg CH4 ha-1 in 2017, 274.2±93.9 kg CH4 ha-1 in 2018, and 339.6±50.3 kg CH4 ha-1 in 2019. Total cumulative methane emissions over the entire rice cultivation period were 635.0±177.2 kg CH4 ha-1 in 2017, 661.2±239.2 kg CH4 ha-1 in 2018, and 679.4±205.4 kg CH4 ha-1 in 2019, with no statistically significant interannual differences.DiscussionThe findings highlight the need to balance the goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions for climate change mitigation with the enhancement of rice yield within CSA practices. The organic link between rice productivity and methane emissions under varying weather conditions suggests that an integrated approach to CSA is essential, considering climate adaptability, productivity, and greenhouse gas reduction. The study’s results contribute to a deeper scientific understanding of local agricultural ecosystems and provide a basis for developing management techniques for CSA.ConclusionAn integrated approach to CSA that takes into account the interplay between rice yield, methane emissions, and climatological factors is crucial for achieving sustainable agricultural practices in Southern Shaanxi. The study’s insights can guide the development of strategies that enhance both rice productivity and environmental sustainability.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase-2, survivin, E-cadherin and Ki-67 in canine nasal carcinomas and sarcomas – a pilot study
Authors: Pauly Ljuba Anna Maria , Junginger Johannes , Oechtering Gerhard Ulrich , Hewicker-Trautwein Marion , Rösch Sarah 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundMalignant (intra-) nasal tumors (NTs) are the most common cause of chronic nasal discharge in dogs. Besides radiation therapy, palliative therapy is necessary in some dogs. Therefore, studies on receptor expression have supported the utility of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in dogs with nasal carcinomas. However, studies on receptor expression in nasal sarcomas are lacking.Materials and methodsThis study evaluated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2), Ki-67, survivin and E-cadherin in nasal carcinomas and sarcomas and compared it with tumor (T) categories based on computed tomography (CT).ResultsIn 26 dogs with NTs, cross sectional imaging and upper airway endoscopy with guided biopsy collection were performed, followed by histopathological examination of NTs, revealing 19 epithelial and 7 mesenchymal tumors. While EGFR and E-cadherin were only expressed by carcinomas, the following markers were expressed by both carcinomas and sarcomas without significant differences between tumor types and T-categories: VEGFR-2 (carcinomas and sarcomas 100%), COX-2 (carcinomas 63%, sarcomas 57%), survivin (carcinomas 100%, sarcomas 86%) and Ki-67 (median expression of 28.5% in carcinomas and 17.3% in sarcomas).ConclusionBased on similarities in marker expression between canine carcinomas and sarcomas, clinical studies should further elucidate the use of TKI or COX-2 inhibitors as additional therapy in dogs with nasal sarcomas.