bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse Roles for T-bet in the Effector Responses Required for Resistance to Infection
Authors: Harms Pritchard Gretchen , Hall Aisling O’Hara , Christian David A. , Wagage Sagie , Fang Qun , Muallem Gaia , John Beena , Glatman Zaretsky Arielle , Dunn William G. , Perrigoue Jacqueline , Reiner Steven L. , Hunter Christopher A. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The transcription factor T-bet has been most prominently linked to NK and T cell production of IFN-γ, a cytokine required for the control of a diverse array of intracellular pathogens. Indeed, in mice challenged with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, NK and T cell responses are characterized by marked increases of T-bet expression. Unexpectedly, T-bet−/− mice infected with T. gondii develop a strong NK cell IFN-γ response that controls parasite replication at the challenge site, but display high parasite burdens at secondary sites colonized by T. gondii and succumb to infection. The loss of T-bet had a modest effect on T cell production of IFN-γ but did not impact on the generation of parasite-specific T cells. However, the absence of T-bet resulted in lower T cell expression of CD11a, Ly6C, KLRG-1, and CXCR3 and fewer parasite-specific T cells at secondary sites of infection, associated with a defect in parasite control at these sites. Together, these data highlight T-bet–independent pathways to IFN-γ production and reveal a novel role for this transcription factor in coordinating the T cell responses necessary to control this infection in peripheral tissues.
The V Gene Repertoires of Classical and Atypical Memory B Cells in Malaria-Susceptible West African Children
Authors: Zinöcker Severin , Schindler Christine E. , Skinner Jeff , Rogosch Tobias , Waisberg Michael , Schickel Jean-Nicolas , Meffre Eric , Kayentao Kassoum , Ongoïba Aïssata , Traoré Boubacar , Pierce Susan K. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria is naturally acquired in individuals living in malaria-endemic areas of Africa. Abs play a key role in mediating this immunity; however, the acquisition of the components of Ab immunity, long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells (MBCs), is remarkably inefficient, requiring years of malaria exposure. Although long-lived classical MBCs (CD19+/CD20+/CD21+/CD27+/CD10−) are gradually acquired in response to natural infection, exposure to P. falciparum also results in a large expansion of what we have termed atypical MBCs (CD19+/CD20+/CD21−/CD27−/CD10−). At present, the function of atypical MBCs in malaria is not known, nor are the factors that drive their differentiation. To gain insight into the relationship between classical and atypical IgG+ MBCs, we compared the Ab H and L chain V gene repertoires of children living in a malaria-endemic region in Mali. We found that these repertoires were remarkably similar by a variety of criteria, including V gene usage, rate of somatic hypermutation, and CDR-H3 length and composition. The similarity in these repertoires suggests that classical MBCs and atypical MBCs differentiate in response to similar Ag-dependent selective pressures in malaria-exposed children and that atypical MBCs do not express a unique V gene repertoire.
Comparison and Evaluation of Mitotic Figures in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia using Crystal Violet and Feulgen Stain
Authors: Agarwal Anveeta 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Routine staining procedures often pose a problem in differentiating a mitotic cell from an apoptotic cell, deteriorating the reliability of histology grading. Although various new methods have been recommended for identifying mitotic figures (MFs) in tissues, the time factor and cost makes them less feasible. Thus, an attempt was made to evaluate the efficacy of crystal violet and Feulgen reaction in identifying MFs and also to see for any variation in the number of MFs in various grades of Epithelial dysplasia.
Objectives:
1. Using crystal violet and Feulgen stain in the identification and counting of MFs on diagnosed cases of epithelial dysplasia and thereby to evaluate their efficacy.
2. To evaluate the variation in the number of MFs in various grades of epithelial dysplasia.

Materials and methods
The study sample includes retrieval of 30 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections diagnosed for different grades of epithelial dysplasia (WHO grading system, 2005) from the archives, Department of Oral Pathology, MSRDC, Bengaluru. Ten tissue sections each of mild, moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia were stained with H&E, Feulgen and 1% crystal violet stains and the number of MFs were counted. Five cases of cervical carcinoma were taken as control. Stained sections were compared, and data obtained was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results
A significant increase in the number of MFs (p = 0.02) was observed in Feulgen stained sections as compared to H&E stain.

Conclusion
Feulgen stain can be considered as a simple, reliable, cost-effective and reproducible method of staining MFs.

How to cite this article
Rao RS, Patil S, Agarwal A. Comparison and Evaluation of Mitotic Figures in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia using Crystal Violet and Feulgen Stain. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):273-277.
Endodontic Management of Mesiobuccal-2 Canal in Four-Rooted and Five-Canalled Mandibular Third Molar
Authors: Garg Amit Kumar , Mantri Vijay R , Agrawal Neha 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
A case of unusual root morphology is presented to demonstrate anatomic variations in mandibular third molar.

Background
The most common configuration of mandibular third molar is two roots and three canals; however they may have many different combinations. Endodontic treatment was performed in mandibular third molar having aberrant anatomy.

Case description
Four root canal orifices were located with the aid of dental operating microscope (DOM) and three separate roots were diagnosed with radiographs. Spiral computed tomography (SCT) showed the presence of an extra canal and extra root, indicating a rare anatomic configuration. Looking for additional canals and roots are important part of successful endodontics, as the knowledge of their existence enable clinicians to treat a case successfully that otherwise might end in failure.

Conclusion
The use of DOM and SCT in this case greatly contributed toward making a confirmatory diagnosis and successful endodontic treatment of four-rooted and five-canalled mandibular third molar.

Clinical significance
Variation in root canal anatomy is very common. Knowledge of these variations is very essential for successful root canal outcome, inability to do so can lead to missed canals and failures. Hence, thorough knowledge of root canal anatomy and advances in diagnostic aids are essential.

How to cite this article
Garg AK, Bhardwaj A, Mantri VR, Agrawal N. Endodontic Management of Mesiobuccal-2 Canal in Four-Rooted and Five-Canalled Mandibular Third Molar. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):363-366.
The Comparison of Mandibular Radiomorphometric Indices in Panoramic Radiography between Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Moeintaghavi Amir , Hosseinizarch Hossein , Tabassi Sara Mohammadzadeh 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTAimOsteoporosis and periodontitis are two separate diseases with different origins and manifestations. It is believed that these diseases linked together, because they both lead to bone damage, some risk factors are similar, they both have the highest prevalence in middle-aged and older women. Some studies showed that the use of panoramic radiography and special indices could be reliable tools for osteoporosis screening. This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and jaw osteoporotic indices.Materials and methodsEighty-two patients with chronic periodontitis and 80 healthy individuals were selected, they had been referred to a private oral and maxillofacial radiology clinic to take a panoramic radiograph. Then panoramic indicators; including the mandibular cortical index (MCI), mental index (MI), and panoramic mandible index (PMI) in both groups were measured, recorded and analyzed.ResultsThe mean age of investigated individuals was 39/8 ± 9/33. 58.6% of participants were females and 41.4% were males. MI and PMI levels in the periodontal group were more than the periodontally healthy group, but the differences between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.808 and p = 0.102 respectively). The MCI level was significantly different between two groups (p = 0.028).ConclusionThe results of this study showed that there is significant relationship between MCI in panoramic radiography and chronic periodontitis. It is suggested to perform more studies to confirm if this index could be used for screening and indicating of bone status in high risk individuals. This study did not show a strong evidence of a relationship between osteoporosis and periodontitis.Clinical significanceSince panoramic radiographs are routinely used for screening in dental practice, any association between radiomorphometric indices of mandible in periodontitis patients might be useful in prediction of osteoporosis in patients referring to dental clinics.How to cite this articleMoeintaghavi A, Hosseinizarch H, MohammadzadehTabassi S. The Comparison of Mandibular Radiomorphometric Indices in Panoramic Radiography between Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Healthy Individuals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4):461-465.
Complete Ossification of the Stylohyoid Chain as Cause of Eagle's Syndrome: A Very Rare Case Report
Authors: Guimarães Antônio Sérgio , Pozza Daniel Humberto , de Castro Idercy Cabral , Galdames Iván Claudio Suazo , Palla Sandro 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTAimTo report on a patient with Eagle's syndrome with a complete and very large ossification of the stylohyoid complex on the right side that to our best knowledge has never been published previously.BackgroundEagle's syndrome is characterized by a set of symptoms that are caused by the irritation of the neurovascular and soft-tissues caused by an elongated styloid process or ossification of stylohyoid ligament.Case descriptionBecause of the high discomfort and pain degree as well as limitations of mandibular and head mobility and also the thickness of the ossified stylohyoid chain, the patient was treated surgically by removing the hypertrophic segment.ConclusionThese symptoms subsided completely after the surgical excision of the anomaly. The elongated styloid process on the left side was symptom free.Clinical significanceEagle's syndrome symptoms are not specific and can mimic those of other disorders, the syndrome must be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with pain in the orofacial, pharyngeal and cervical area.How to cite this articleGuimarães AS, Pozza DH, de Castro IC, Galdames ICS, Palla S. Complete Ossification of the Stylohyoid Chain as Cause of Eagle's Syndrome: A Very Rare Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4):500-505.
Processos morfodinâmicos em uma praia de macromaré no litoral amazônico
Authors: Oliveira Suellen Mara Oliveira de , Carneiro Pereira Luci Cajueiro , Vila-Concejo Ana 
Published: January 2015

Processos oceanográficos na zona costeira amazônica resultam da integração de várias forçantes (e.g., macromarés, moderada energia de ondas, correntes de elevada intensidade, alta descarga fluvial e ventos de fortes intensidades) que são responsáveis por contínuas mudanças no perfil praial. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as mudanças na morfologia praial relacionadas a parâmetros como a elevação da maré (TR), a altura da onda (Hb), o período da onda (T) e a velocidade de queda adimensional dos sedimentos (ws). O estudo foi realizado em uma praia arenosa (praia de Ajuruteua-PA) durante períodos equinociais (março de 2009, coincidindo com o período chuvoso e setembro de 2009, período seco) e não equinocial (dezembro de 2008, período seco e junho de 2009, período chuvoso). Equipamentos oceanográficos foram fundeados por 25h em cada mês de coleta. As amostras superficiais de sedimentos foram coletadas ao longo do perfil de praia, entre a zona de dunas e o início da antepraia. Em laboratório, a granulometria foi realizada utilizando um agitador automático com peneira variando de -1.0 to 4.0 f. As marés são semi-diurnas e assimétricas, com períodos de vazantes mais longos (6,5 e 7,5 h). A oscilação da maré durante as sizígias varia entre 4,0 e 5,5 m. Na área predomina a corrente de maré com direção SE-NW durante a maré vazante e de NW-SE durante as marés enchentes. As velocidades das correntes são maiores durante os períodos de enchente (até 0,7 m/s). Durante a maré baixa, o estirânico possui cerca de 250-300 m. Esta praia é composta por areia fina (2,6-2,8f). As ondas são modulados sobre os bancos de areia, de acordo com a fase da maré, com alturas mínimas de ondas Hs durante a maré vazante, mas superior a um metro durante a preamar. Os valores de RTR e Ω são claramente modulados de acordo com a fase da maré. Durante condições de alta energia, a praia apresenta característica de planície de maré, enquanto que durante condições de baixa energia apresenta características ultradissipativa.
André Sauvage e Almeida Prado: encontro de duas gerações em Études sur Paris
Authors: Barancoski Ingrid 
Published: January 2015

O artigo aborda o filme mudo preto e branco Études sur Paris (1928) do cineasta francês André Sauvage (1891-1975) e a obra orquestral do compositor brasileiro Almeida Prado (1943-2010) escrita para o filme e intitulada Études sur Paris – música para o filme mudo dirigido por André Sauvage em 1928 (2009). Cineasta e compositor são colocados em paralelo quanto a similaridades de personalidade artística, carreira, inserção no contexto de suas épocas e representatividade no cenário artístico. As duas obras (filme e música) são examinadas quanto a estrutura, linguagem e questões estéticas. A obra musical é descrita também em termos de orquestração, e quanto a temas e alusões à música de compositores franceses eruditos e à música francesa popular e urbana.
Peri- and postinterventional antithrombotic therapy in TAVI
Authors: Moser M. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryInterventional treatment of aortic valve stenosis by transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become routine practice in elderly and high risk patients in recent years. Similar to other vascular interventional or surgical procedures TAVR carries thrombotic risks such as stroke, myocardial infarction or systemic embolism as well as peri-procedural bleeding risks. These risks comprise the access site, the type of prosthesis, and the individual risk profile of the patient. Not only during the peri-procedural period but also during longterm follow-up the current target population for TAVR procedures carries a high risk for thrombotic events in particular if atrial fibrillation is present. On the other hand side the bleeding risk is also increased in these patients. Thus, to provide the optimal strategy of antithrombotic therapy during and after TAVR remains a clinical challenge.
Censura y expurgo en los incunables de la Biblitoteca Histórica de la Universidad de Valencia
Authors: Barberá Matías Bárbara 
Published: January 2015

La Inquisición Española instauró en el s.XVI un modelo sistemático de censura que se mantuvo en vigor hasta su desaparición, buscando imponer una ideología dominante en función de sus propios intereses. La Biblioteca Histórica de la Universidad de Valencia conserva un total de ocho incunables que fueron sometidos a expurgo por diversos motivos y en distintas épocas. Este conjunto de obras supone una buena muestra de la actividad censora llevada a cabo por la Inquisición, que contribuyó a crear una memoria negativa, perjudicando tanto a autores e impresores como a los propios lectores. The Spanish Inquisition established a systematic pattern of censorship in the sixteenth century, it maintained in force until its demise seeking to impose a dominant ideology in terms of its own interests. The Historical Library of the University of Valencia keeps eight incunabula which were expurgated for various reasons and at different times. These books are a good example of the censorship activity carried out by the Inquisition, which helped to create a negative memory, harming authors, printers and readers themselves.
PES and PES/PAN Blend Ultrafiltration Hollow Fiber Membranes for Oily Wastewater Treatment: Preparation, Experimental Investigation, Fouling, and Modeling
Authors: Salahi Abdolhamid , Mohammadi Toraj , Behbahani Reza Mosayebi , Hemati Mahmood 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIn this research, polyethersulfone (PES)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blend ultrafiltration hollow fiber membranes were prepared via phase inversion induced by a dry‐jet wet spinning process. The membranes were characterized by water contact measurements, scanning electron microscopy analysis and permeability measurements, and fouling‐resistance measurements. The results show that water contacts of the membranes are enhanced by increasing the PAN content in the spinning dope. The results of an experimental study on separation of oil from oily wastewaters are presented. The results demonstrated that the prepared PES membranes are effective in removing chemical oxygen demand (80.6%), total organic carbon (89.3%), turbidity (99.3%), total suspended solid (100%), and oil and grease content (99.7%), and final permeation flux of about 73.5 L/m2h. Also, it was found that 75/25 wt% of PES/PAN have higher mechanical strength and good separation performance. Hermia's models were used for prediction of the decline in permeation flux. Experimental data and models predictions were compared. The results showed that there is reasonable agreement between experimental data and the cake layer model followed by the intermediate blocking model.
Effective Adsorption of Heavy Metal Cations by Superparamagnetic Poly(aniline‐co‐m‐phenylenediamine)@Fe3O4 Nanocomposite
Authors: Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Lakouraj Moslem Mansour , Ramezani Atefeh 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe development of simple methods for the removal of heavy metal cations from water samples is a relevant field of research. For this purpose, poly(aniline‐co‐m‐phenylenediamine) (PAMpDA) was synthesized via radical oxidation polymerization of aniline with m‐phenylenediamine. Then, superparamagnetic poly(aniline‐co‐m‐phenylenediamine)@Fe3O4 (PAMpDA@Fe3O4) nanocomposite was fabricated from PAMpDA, Fe(II), and Fe(III) salts via the in situ coprecipitation technique. The products were characterized in terms of chemical structure, morphology, thermal and magnetic properties by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer, respectively. The capability of PAMpDA and its nanocomposite for the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Co(II) ions was investigated at various contact times, absorbent dosages, pH, and initial concentrations. The experimental data for Co(II) cation with the highest sorption were analyzed by two isotherms and kinetic equations. In addition, the electrical conductivity of PAMpDA and PAMpDA@Fe3O4 nanocomposite was examined after sorption of the heavy metal ions.
Flame‐Retardant and Flexural Properties of Polypropylene/Intumescent Composites
Authors: Liang J. Z. , Feng J. Q. , Zou S. Y. , Liu D. F. , Zhang S. D. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe flame‐retardant and flexural mechanical properties for the polypropylene (PP) composites filled with intumescent flame retardant (IFR) were measured. It was found that the limited oxygen index increased roughly linearly, whereas the horizontal combustibility rate decreased with increasing theIFR weight fraction; when the IFR weight fraction was more than 10%, the smoke density rank decreased with increasing the IFR weight fraction; the flexural modulus and the flexural strength increased when IFR weight fraction was lower than 20% and then decreased with increasing the IFR weight fraction; the values of the flexural modulus and the flexural strength reached to the maximum at the IFR weight fraction of 10%. Moreover, the flexural modulus and the flexural strength of the composites were higher than that of the unfilled PP resin.
Host switching in a generalist parasitoid: contrasting transient and transgenerational costs associated with novel and original host species
Authors: Jones Thomas S. , Bilton Adam R. , Mak Lorraine , Sait Steven M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractParasitoids face challenges by switching between host species that influence survival and fitness, determine their role in structuring communities, influence species invasions, and affect their importance as biocontrol agents. In the generalist parasitoid,Venturia canescens(Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), we investigated the costs in encapsulation, survival, and body size on juveniles when adult parasitoids switched from their original host,Plodia interpunctella(Hübner) (Lepidotera, Pyralidae) to a novel host,Ephestia kuehniella(Zeller) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), over multiple generations. Switching had an initial survival cost for juvenile parasitoids in the novel host, but increased survival occurred within two generations. Conversely, mortality in the original host increased. Body size, a proxy for fecundity, also increased with the number of generations in the novel host species, reflecting adaptation or maternal effects due to the larger size of the novel host, and therefore greater resources available to the developing parasitoid. Switching to a novel host appears to have initial costs for a parasitoid, even when the novel host may be better quality, but the costs rapidly diminish. We predict that the net cost of switching to a novel host for parasitoids will be complex and will depend on the initial reduction in fitness from parasitizing a novel host versus local adaptations against parasitoids in the original host.
Reactivity and Mechanistic Studies of the Reactions of Chlorodiphenylphosphine and Its Oxide with Methyl Glyoxylate, Glyoxylate Oximes, and Methyl Cyanoformate
Authors: Sousa Carlos A. D. , Lima Carlos F. R. A. C. , Sampaio‐Dias Ivo E. , Garcia‐Mera Xerardo , Rodríguez‐Borges José E. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, we describe the reactivity of chlorodiphenylphosphine and its oxide, as well as diphenylphosphine, with some glyoxylate derivative systems: methyl glyoxylate, methyl or 8‐phenylneomenthyl glyoxylate oximes, and methyl cyanoformate. By analyzing the reactions outcomes and with the aid of computational chemistry, we propose some reaction mechanisms and molecular rearrangements.
User Satisfaction with Tablet PC Features
Authors: Kim Kyungdoh , Lim Ji Hyoun , Proctor Robert W. , Salvendy Gavriel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPrevious studies of tablet personal computers have concentrated on their use in education and healthcare. The current study focused instead on personal usage, investigating how satisfied users are with their own tablets after having used them in their daily lives. The objective was to identify the major features for tablets and to investigate how form factors affect the preference of functions by performing a comparison of iPad1 and Galaxy Tab. Also, gender and ethnicity were analyzed to determine whether they influence satisfaction with the devices. For e‐mail and web browsing functions, users’ ratings showed more satisfaction with the iPad1 since it has a larger display; for the e‐book reader function, users indicated higher satisfaction with the Galaxy Tab. Male users evaluated their devices by the function itself, whereas female users were mainly concerned with aesthetic aspects. Koreans indicated that they were less satisfied with their tablets than were other ethnic groups.