bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
florabr: An R package to explore and spatialize species distribution using Flora e Funga do Brasil
Authors: Trindade Weverton C. F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPremiseThe Flora e Funga do Brasil project is the most comprehensive effort to reliably document Brazilian plant and fungal diversity. It involves the collaborative work of hundreds of taxonomists, integrating detailed and standardized morphological descriptions, nomenclatural status, and geographic distribution information of plants, algae, and fungi collected throughout Brazil. Despite the extensive information available, managing the information from the Flora e Funga do Brasil website poses certain challenges.Methods and Resultsflorabr is an R package developed to facilitate the exploration and geographical analysis of species information derived from the Flora e Funga do Brasil. Unique to florabr is its ability to interact with the latest, or any other version of the dataset, which undergoes weekly updates. I illustrate the practical application of florabr in common tasks in biogeography and conservation studies.Conclusionsflorabr is anticipated to be of significant interest to biogeographers, ecologists, curators of biological collections, and taxonomists actively contributing to the Flora e Funga do Brasil.
Prey size and ecological separation in spinosaurid theropods based on heterodonty and rostrum shape
Authors: D'Amore Domenic C. , Johnson‐Ransom Evan , Snively Eric , Hone David W. E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMembers of the dinosaur clade Spinosauridae had numerous traits attributed to feeding in or around water, and their feeding apparatus has often been considered analogous to modern crocodylians. Here we quantify the craniodental morphology of Spinosauridae and compare it to modern Crocodylia. We measured from spinosaurid and crocodylian skeletal material the area of alveoli as a proxy for tooth size to determine size‐heterodonty. Geometric morphometrics were also conducted on tooth crowns and tooth bearing regions of the skull. Spinosaurids overall had relatively large alveoli, and both they, and crocodylians, had isolated regions of enlarged alveoli. Spinosaurines also had enlarged alveoli along the caudal dentary that baryonychines lacked, which instead had numerous additional caudal tooth positions. Size‐heterodonty was positively allometric, and spinosaurids overlapped with generalist/macro‐generalist crocodylians of similar sizes. Spinosaurid crown shape morphologies overlapped with certain slender‐longirostrine crocodylians, yet lacked molariform distal crowns typical of most crocodylians. Spinosaurid rostra and mandibles were relatively deep with undulating margins correlating with local tooth sizes, which may indicate a developmental constraint. Spinosaurines had a particularly long concavity caudal to their rosette of anterior cranial teeth, with a corresponding bulbous rostral dentary. The spinosaurid feeding apparatus was well suited for quickly striking and creating deep punctures, but not cutting flesh or durophagy. The jaws interlocked to secure prey and move it deeper into the mouth. The baryonychines probably did little oral processing, yet spinosaurines could have processed relatively large vertebrates. Overall, there is no indication that spinosaurids were restricted to fish or small aquatic prey.
Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin as Monotherapy Following Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Receiving a Drug‐Eluting Stent: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Sibbing Dirk , Nicolas Johny , Spirito Alessandro , Vogel Birgit , Cao Davide , Stipek Wanda , Kasireddy Ellen , Qian Andi , Khan Irfan , Mehran Roxana 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of clopidogrel versus aspirin as monotherapy following adequate dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched from database inception to September 1, 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating the effectiveness or safety of clopidogrel versus aspirin as monotherapy following DAPT in patients with ACS who received a drug‐eluting stent were included. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted to compare risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and clinically relevant bleeding.ResultsOf 6242 abstracts identified, three unique studies were included: one RCT and two retrospective cohort studies. Studies included a total of 7081 post‐percutaneous coronary intervention ACS patients, 4260 of whom received aspirin monotherapy and 2821 received clopidogrel monotherapy. Studies included variable proportions of patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non‐STEMI, and unstable angina. From the meta‐analysis, clopidogrel was associated with a 28% reduction in the risk of MACE compared with aspirin (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54, 0.98), with no significant difference in clinically relevant bleeding (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.68, 1.24).ConclusionDespite the paucity of published evidence on the effectiveness and safety of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients with ACS post‐drug‐eluting stent implantation, this meta‐analysis suggests that clopidogrel versus aspirin may result in a lower risk of MACE, with a similar risk of major bleeding. The present results are hypothesis‐generating and further large RCTs comparing antiplatelet monotherapy options in ACS patients are warranted.
Collaboration and care in climate education: Brave responses to an uncertain future
Authors: Chandler Kathy , Aristeidou Maria , Ball Simon , Charitonos Koula , Kent Carmel , Perryman Leigh‐Anne , Rets Irina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn effective educational response to the climate emergency requires disrupting existing ideas about universities' roles, curriculum design and the relationship between educators, students and communities. This study examines an approach to curriculum development taken by academics at The Open University, UK whilst developing the postgraduate short course ‘Teacher development: Addressing the climate emergency’. We sought to challenge hierarchical models of knowledge transfer by working in collaboration with disciplinary experts, grassroots leaders, and young climate activists and foregrounding online and local grassroots practices, students' civic participation, citizen science and intergenerational dialogues. We report on our collaborative autoethnographic study, which we conducted with respect to the course development. This collaborative ethnographic approach has allowed us to externalise and acknowledge the ways in which approaches of collaboration and care have underpinned our course production process, as well as being essential to the ways in which we enable our students to support their own learners. This paper aims to raise awareness of the significance of embracing uncertainty and adopting pedagogies of care and adds to the literature that employs Noddings' Framework of Moral Education to critically examine pedagogical practice. The insights gained will be useful for educators seeking to develop climate‐related curricula and the collaborative approach taken will be of interest to those developing new curricula in teacher education.
The vampyrellid amoeba Strigomyxa ruptor gen. et sp. nov. and its remarkable strategy to acquire algal cell contents
Authors: Suthaus Andreas , Hess Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe vampire amoebae (Vampyrellida, Rhizaria) inhabit freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems and consume a wide range of eukaryotic prey. This includes diverse microalgae, fungi, and microscopic animals. One of the most captivating aspects of the vampyrellids is their ability to extract the cell contents of other eukaryotes after local dissolution of the prey cell wall, a feeding strategy that occurs in several vampyrellid families, but is best studied in Vampyrella species that attack zygnematophyte green algae. Here, we report two new vampyrellid strains from temperate moorlands in Germany with a yet‐undescribed feeding strategy: internal protoplast extraction and cell wall regurgitation. This feeding strategy involves the phagocytosis of whole desmid cells (genus Closterium, Zygnematophyceae), internal cleavage of the algal cell wall, extraction of the cell contents, and subsequent exocytosis of bundled empty cell walls. The large primary food vacuole formed during the process has exceptional functions, as it forms internal feeding pseudopodia, packages algal cell contents into smaller secondary vacuoles, and transforms into a “waste vacuole” with cell wall remnants. The new feeding strategy, which – in the widest sense – is reminiscent of the pellet casting of owls, reveals a stunningly sophisticated behavior of single protist cells. Based on morphological, phylogenetic, and autecological data, both vampyrellid strains are nearly identical and here assigned to a new and quite unique vampyrellid taxon, Strigomyxa ruptor gen. et sp. nov. (Leptophryidae, Vampyrellida).
A Polyoxotungstate Stabilized Copper Catalyst for Green and Efficient Transformation of Alcohols to Ketones
Authors: Wei Zheyu , Yang Guoping , Wei Yongge 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA water‐soluble copper catalyst (NH4)8[Cu2(H2O)8W12O42] ⋅ 4H2O is prepared by the generated paratunngstate B in situ, which can catalyze the H2O2 oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone with a yield above 98 % in water under much milder conditions of 35 °C and atmospheric pressure, and the substrate can be extend to other secondary alcohols, potentially leading to an economical, green, and efficient ketone production method for industrial use.
Quantitative evaluation of the sealing effect of penetrating gas drilling and in situ repairing technology for smooth holes
Authors: Hu Zuxiang , Yan Yuepeng , Yang Hongqi , Meng Zhancheng , Wen Pengpeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, a new method is proposed to quantitatively determine the extraction of boreholes under the effect of time. The main purpose of this method is to divide the gas drilling holes in the monitoring time into two stages: the early stage of extraction and the middle stage of extraction. The early stage of extraction uses the gas pressure difference to detect the gas tightness of the drilling holes and determine the type of gas leakage of the drilling holes. Moreover, the unqualified drilling holes are repaired immediately to ensure that all the drilling holes in the middle stage of the monitoring are the qualified holes at the early stage of the inspection. In the middle of extraction, the average attenuation rate of the fitting attenuation curve of pure gas extraction in the extraction borehole is calculated by monitoring, the growth rate of the linear fitting of the pure air leakage is calculated, and their ratios are used as the basis for judging the repair value of the gas leak borehole and the gas leak borehole. This quantitative evaluation method is used to monitor the extraction effect of four test holes in a field test conducted at Ping Coal Mine 10. The results indicate that, after adopting in situ downhole repair technology in the early stage of extraction, the average air leakage of Borehole No. 4, which failed due to air leakage in the borehole, decreased from 9.33 to 1.26 L/min (a reduction of 86.5%). Similarly, that of Borehole No. 3, which failed due to penetration of fissures in the surrounding rock, had an air leakage drop from 8.35 to 1.34 L/min (a reduction of 84.0%). These improvements demonstrate the remarkable effectiveness of the method. The quantitative evaluation method established in this study is not only simple to operate but also stable and reliable. Thus, it is feasible to be applied in the field, which provides important technical support for the improvement in gas extraction effect during coal mine safety production.
The unequal impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on young adults' mental health. Predictors of vulnerability and resilience using longitudinal birth cohort data in the UK
Authors: Reed Harriet , Thapar Ajay , Riglin Lucy , Collishaw Stephan , Eaton Christopher B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have demonstrated deteriorations in young adult mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic, but evidence suggests heterogeneity in the mental health impacts of the pandemic. We sought to identify factors which may predict changes in psychological distress and wellbeing during the COVID‐19 pandemic in UK young adults.MethodsA total of 2607 young adults from the Millennium Cohort Study were included. Psychological distress and mental wellbeing were measured using the Kessler‐6 and Short Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, respectively. Assessment occurred at three timepoints between the ages of 17–19: 2018/19 (pre‐COVID Baseline), May 2020 (COVID Wave 1) and September/October 2020 (COVID Wave 2). Latent change score models were used to study change in distress and wellbeing across the study period, as well as the impact of sex, relative family poverty, parental education, preexisting mental health difficulties and perceived social support on these changes.ResultsThe latent change score models suggested both distress and wellbeing tended to increase across the study period. Being female and in relative poverty predicted greater increases in distress and/or poorer wellbeing. Higher levels of parental education and greater perceived social support were protective against increased distress and associated with improved wellbeing.ConclusionsThe impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on UK young adult mental health is complex. We provide further evidence for a distinction between symptoms of poor mental health and wellbeing. Research is urgently needed to assess the long‐term impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health and wellbeing of young people, particularly in more vulnerable groups.
Infected urachal cyst in an adult patient
Authors: Schurmans Renée C. P. , Olij Bram , Kool Melissa , Weinans Carmen R. G. J. , Visschers Ruben G. J. , Zijta Frank M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUrachal cyst is a clinical malformation caused by failure of the allantois to obliterate during embryological development. Because of its rare presentation in adults, urachal cysts are often incorrectly diagnosed. Delay in diagnosis can cause complications such as peritonitis, fistula, sepsis, or even malignant manifestation. We report the case of a 19‐year‐old adult male, who presented with clinical features mimicking appendicitis. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed diagnosis of an infected urachal cyst, which was treated surgically.
Interferon‐responsive neutrophils and macrophages extricate SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron critical patients from the nasty fate of sepsis
Authors: Wang Mu , Zhang Dingji , Lei Ting , Zhou Ye , Qin Hao , Wu Yanfeng , Liu Shuxun , Zhang Liyuan , Jia Kaiwei , Dong Yue , Wang Suyuan , Li Yunhui , Fan Yiwen , Gui Liangchen , Dong Yuchao , Zhang Wei , Li Zhixuan , Hou Jin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant is characterized by its high transmissibility, which has caused a worldwide epidemiological event. Yet, it turns ominous once the disease progression degenerates into severe pneumonia and sepsis, presenting a horrendous lethality. To elucidate the alveolar immune or inflammatory landscapes of Omicron critical‐ill patients, we performed single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the patients with critical pneumonia caused by Omicron infection, and analyzed the correlation between the clinical severity scores and different immune cell subpopulations. In the BALF of Omicron critical patients, the alveolar violent myeloid inflammatory environment was determined. ISG15+ neutrophils and CXCL10+ macrophages, both expressed the interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs), were negatively correlated with clinical pulmonary infection score, while septic CST7+ neutrophils and inflammatory VCAN+ macrophages were positively correlated with sequential organ failure assessment. The percentages of ISG15+ neutrophils were associated with more protective alveolar epithelial cells, and may reshape CD4+ T cells to the exhaustive phenotype, thus preventing immune injuries. The CXCL10+ macrophages may promote plasmablast/plasma cell survival and activation as well as the production of specific antibodies. As compared to the previous BALF scRNA‐seq data from SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type/Alpha critical patients, the subsets of neutrophils and macrophages with pro‐inflammatory and immunoregulatory features presented obvious distinctions, suggesting an immune disparity in Omicron variants. Overall, this study provides a BALF single‐cell atlas of Omicron critical patients, and suggests that alveolar interferon‐responsive neutrophils and macrophages may extricate SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron critical patients from the nasty fate of sepsis.
New Aspects of the Effects of Climate Change on Interactions Between Plants and Microbiomes: A Review
Authors: Chakraborty Nilanjan , Halder Sunanda , Keswani Chetan , Vaca Jessica , Ortiz Aurelio , Sansinenea Estibaliz 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTOne of the most talked about issues of the 21st century is climate change, as it affects not just our health but also forestry, agriculture, biodiversity, the ecosystem, and the energy supply. Greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate change, having dramatic effects on the environment. Climate change has an impact on the function and composition of the terrestrial microbial community both directly and indirectly. Changes in the prevailing climatic conditions brought about by climate change will lead to modifications in plant physiology, root exudation, signal alteration, and the quantity, makeup, and diversity of soil microbial communities. Microbiological activity is very crucial in organic production systems due to the organic origin of microorganisms. Microbes that benefit crop plants are known as plant growth‐promoting microorganisms. Thus, the effects of climate change on the environment also have an impact on the abilities of beneficial bacteria to support plant growth, health, and root colonization. In this review, we have covered the effects of temperature, precipitation, drought, and CO2 on plant–microbe interactions, as well as some physiological implications of these changes. Additionally, this paper highlights the ways in which bacteria in plants' rhizosphere react to the dominant climatic conditions in the soil environment. The goal of this study is to analyze the effects of climate change on plant–microbe interactions.
A Systematic Study on Biobased Epoxy‐Alcohol Networks: Highlighting the Advantage of Step‐Growth Polyaddition over Chain‐Growth Cationic Photopolymerization
Authors: Fantoni Antonella , Koch Thomas , Liska Robert , Baudis Stefan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVanillyl alcohol has emerged as a widely used building block for the development of biobased monomers. More specifically, the cationic (photo‐)polymerization of the respective diglycidyl ether (DGEVA) is known to produce materials of outstanding thermomechanical performance. Generally, chain transfer agents (CTAs) are of interest in cationic resins not only because they lead to more homogeneous polymer networks but also because they strikingly improve the polymerization speed. Herein, the aim is to compare the cationic chain‐growth photopolymerization with the thermally initiated anionic step‐growth polymerization, with and without the addition of CTAs. Indeed, CTAs lead to faster polymerization reactions as well as the formation of more homogeneous networks, especially in the case of the thermal anionic step‐growth polymerization. Resulting from curing above the TG of the respective anionic step‐growth polymer, materials with outstanding tensile toughness (>5 MJ cm−3) are obtained that result in the manufacture of potential shape‐memory polymers.
A Study on the Effectiveness of Musculoskeletal Corticosteroid Injections for Reducing Patient Symptom Scores in Primary Care Practice
Authors: Harmer Abigail , Ribchester John , Malhi Inderpal , Robinson Brad , Eguakun Nosa 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo present data on the effectiveness of corticosteroid injections (CSI) in reducing symptom scores for musculoskeletal conditions in patients treated in an NHS primary care CSI service. The data will also examine whether adding local anaesthetic to the corticosteroid preparation affects the overall patient outcomes in symptom scores.MethodsA Patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) questionnaire was used to collect data. Patients were asked to complete the questionnaire post‐CSI. Patients were asked to rate their symptoms on a score of 0–6 before and after their injection. Data were calculated using standard deviation and paired t‐test to assess the effectiveness of CSI in reducing symptom scores.ResultsOverall, 172 patients (79.6%) reported an improvement in symptomatology post CSI. Improvements were seen across all injection sites. Of those taking medication for their symptoms, 73 patients (55.7%) reported that they were able to reduce their medication. Data did not suggest that adding local anaesthetic to the injectate resulted in better patient outcomes. Post‐injection symptom scores were statistically similar across all clinicians.Conclusion83.7% of patients experienced a reduction in symptom scores post injection. Adding lidocaine to the injectate preparation did not result in any statistically significant improvement in patient outcome. Over half of the participants were able to reduce their medication post injection, which demonstrates this is a highly effective primary care service for treatment/management of some MSK conditions.
Die Arbeitsatmosphäre im Vergleich
Authors: Julmi Christian , Eifert Anna , Dammert Jakob E. , Wittwer Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungWir zeigen, dass die Wahl des Arbeitgebers maßgeblich vom Gehalt, der Arbeitsatmosphäre und dem Verhalten der Führungskräfte beeinflusst wird. Zudem heben die Ergebnisse der Studie die Bedeutung der Arbeitsatmosphäre auch im Vergleich zu anderen Merkmalen weiter hervor. Arbeitgeber sollten verstärkt Maßnahmen ergreifen, um die Arbeitsatmosphäre zu verbessern, denn diese kann die Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit und -bindung steigern. Hierbei muss das Management insbesondere an situativen Faktoren anknüpfen, die die Atmosphäre stark beeinflussen. Außerdem wird deutlich, dass die Arbeitsatmosphäre und die Unternehmenskultur eng verwandte Phänomene sind, sich aber hinsichtlich ihrer Bedeutung wesentlich unterscheiden. Schließlich wird die Relevanz der Arbeitsatmosphäre über alle Gehaltsstufen hinweg betont.