bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All work and no … pay? Unpaid overtime in Greece: determining factors and theoretical explanations
Authors: Ioannides Alexis , Oxouzi Eleni , Mavroudeas Stavros 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDuring the last decades an increase of unpaid overtime has been observed combined with the inversion of the working time decreasing trend. This article analyses the data from the Labour Force Survey to estimate the determinants of unpaid overtime in Greece and uses the results to test various theoretical explanations.
Intercostal Approach for Right Adrenalectomy in Dogs
Authors: Andrade Natalia , Rivas Luis R. , Milovancev Milan , Radlinsky Mary Ann , Cornell Karen , Schmiedt Chad 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo describe an intercostal (IC) approach to the right adrenal (RA) gland in dogs.Study DesignCadaveric study and case series.AnimalsDogs with right adrenal (RA) tumors (n = 11) and normal canine cadavers (6).MethodsCadavers had an IC (n = 3) or paracostal (3) approach to the RA. The relative spatial position of the RA to the incision was evaluated. Medical records (June 2007–December 2012) of dogs that had an IC approach to the RA were reviewed. Perioperative data were recorded and described.ResultsIn cadavers, the RA was closer to the cranial aspect of the surgical incision after an IC approach compared with a paracostal approach. The IC approach for right adrenalectomy was successfully performed in 11 dogs (6 adrenocortical carcinomas, 4 pheochromocytomas, and 1 osteosarcoma) with a mean anesthesia duration of 242 minutes and mean surgical of 144 minutes. Dogs had vascular invasion into the phrenicoabdominal vein (n = 11) and caudal vena cava (6). There were no significant intra‐ or postoperative complications. One dog was euthanatized intraoperatively. Median survival time for all dogs was 786 days.ConclusionsThe IC approach for right adrenalectomy offers superior exposure of the RA compared with a paracostal approach.
Significant Enhancement of the Dielectric Constant through the Doping of CeO2 into HfO2 by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Kim Woo‐Hee , Kim Min‐Kyu , Oh Il‐Kwon , Maeng Wan Joo , Cheon Taehoon , Kim Soo‐Hyun , Noori Atif , Thompson David , Chu Schubert , Kim Hyungjun 
Published: January 2014

Films of CeO2 were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using a Ce(mmp)4 [mmp = 1‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐2‐propanolate] precursor and H2O reactant. The growth characteristics and film properties of ALD CeO2 were investigated. The ALD CeO2 process produced highly pure, stoichiometric films with polycrystalline cubic phases. Using the ALD CeO2 process, the effects of Ce doping into an HfO2 gate dielectric were systematically investigated. Regardless of Ce/(Ce + Hf) composition, all ALD CexHf1−xO2 films exhibited constant growth rates of approximately 1.3 Å/cycle, which is essentially identical to the ALD HfO2 growth rates. After high‐temperature vacuum annealing at 900°C, it was verified, based on X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy results, that all samples with various Ce/(Ce + Hf) compositions were transformed from nanocrystalline to stabilized cubic or tetragonal HfO2 phases. In addition, the dielectric constant of the CexHf1−xO2 films significantly increased, depending on the Ce doping content. The maximum dielectric constant value was found to be nearly 39 for the Ce/(Ce + Hf) concentration of ~11%.
Expression of Concern: Role of cytokines in development of pre‐eclampsia associated with periodontal disease – Cohort Study
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Begum Nargis , Prasad Sudha , Lamba Arundeep K. , Verma Mahesh , Agarwal Sarita , Sharma Shashi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimThe present study was designed to find any association of cytokines in women with periodontal disease and development of pre‐eclampsia in North Indian population.Materials and MethodsA total of 504 consecutively registered primigravida with a single live pregnancy were recruited at 14–18 weeks of gestation from antenatal clinic of Maulana Azad Medical College & associated Lok Nayak Hospital and Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi. One periodontist performed oral health examination of all patients at inclusion into study. Blood samples were collected to measure the level of cytokines IL‐4, IL‐10, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ.ResultsThe profile of blood levels of cytokines from women with periodontal disease was observed. The log serum levels of TNF‐α & IL‐4 at 16–18 weeks of gestation were significantly higher in women with periodontal disease (4.13 ± 2.06; 0.47 ± 1.56 pg/ml respectively) than in women with healthy gums (2.16 ± 1.51; 0.02 ± 1.84 pg/ml respectively, p < 0.001). Periodontal disease is associated with log serum TNF‐α levels at cut‐off ≥14.43 pg/ml at sensitivity 71.2% and specificity 62% (OR = 4.04; 95%CI = 2.77–5.87). Woman with periodontal disease who later developed pre‐eclampsia had lower levels of TNF‐α (3.72 ± 1.33 pg/ml) than those with periodontal disease who did not develop pre‐eclampsia (4.20 ± 2.15 pg/ml, p ≥ 0.05).ConclusionReduced TNF‐α level secretion in the early second trimester in women with periodontal disease appears to be associated with the development of pre‐eclampsia.
Impacts of environmental variability on desiccation rate, plastic responses and population dynamics ofGlossina pallidipes
Authors: Kleynhans E. , Clusella‐Trullas S. , Terblanche J. S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPhysiological responses to transient conditions may result in costly responses with little fitness benefits, and therefore, a trade‐off must exist between the speed of response and the duration of exposure to new conditions. Here, using the puparia of an important insect disease vector,Glossina pallidipes, we examine this potential trade‐off using a novel combination of an experimental approach and a population dynamics model. Specifically, we explore and dissect the interactions between plastic physiological responses, treatment‐duration and ‐intensity using an experimental approach. We then integrate these experimental results from organismal water‐balance data and their plastic responses into a population dynamics model to examine the potential relative fitness effects of simulated transient weather conditions on population growth rates. The results show evidence for the predicted trade‐off for plasticity of water loss rate (WLR) and the duration of new environmental conditions. When altered environmental conditions lasted for longer durations, physiological responses could match the new environmental conditions, and this resulted in a lowerWLRand lower rates of population decline. At shorter time‐scales however, a mismatch between acclimation duration and physiological responses was reflected by reduced overall population growth rates. This may indicate a potential fitness cost due to insufficient time for physiological adjustments to take place. The outcomes of this work therefore suggest plastic water balance responses have both costs and benefits, and these depend on the time‐scale and magnitude of variation in environmental conditions. These results are significant for understanding the evolution of plastic physiological responses and changes in population abundance in the context of environmental variability.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Microstructure of Phosphorylated Chestnut Starch
Authors: Hu Na , Gu Xin , Li Luning , Ouyang Jie , Wang Fengjun , Wang Jianzhong , Fan Zhiyong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPhosphorylated chestnut starch was produced by a semidry process, in which chestnut starch and sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4·2H2O) were used as a raw material and an esterifying agent, respectively. Single‐factor test and response surface analysis were performed in this study. The optimized synthesis of phosphorylated chestnut starch and its microstructure were studied. The optimum preparation conditions were listed as follows: NaH2PO4·2H2O concentration of 7%, reaction temperature of 146C, reaction time of 140 min and pH 6. The average experimental apparent viscosity under the optimum conditions was found to be 33.69 ± 0.33 Pa·s, with an increase of 208.99% higher than that of native chestnut starch. Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis revealed that some of hydroxyl groups were replaced by phosphate groups during phosphorylation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that a part of the modified chestnut starch granules sagged and revealed damaged traces. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicated that the crystalline type of phosphorylated chestnut starch was type C. The crystalline area was slightly damaged and esterification mainly occurred in the amorphous area of starch molecules.Practical ApplicationsPhosphorylated starch has much more transparent starch paste, better stability and higher water retention compared with the native starch, and phosphorylated starch can be widely used in various fields of the industrial production. However, there is little information on the preparation process and physicochemical properties of phosphorylated chestnut starch till now. In the present study, Box–Behnken design as well as canonical and ridge analyses were used to optimize these process parameters of phosphorylated chestnut starch, and its microstructure were studied. The results of this study showed that response surface methodology proved to be fairly accurate in predictive modeling and optimization of conditions for the synthesis of phosphorylated chestnut starch. Optimization of process could be considered as a sustainable alternative method to achieve simplified handling and improve the quantity of targeted products. We believe that starch industry can utilize the results of this study in their applications.
Diet quality of Australian breast cancer survivors: a cross‐sectional analysis from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health
Authors: Potter J. L. , Collins C. E. , Brown L. J. , Hure A. J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundEvidence supports strong associations between healthful eating patterns and maintaining a healthy weight with favourable health outcomes for breast cancer survivors (BCS). The present study aimed to evaluate the diet quality of Australian BCS and to determine whether diet quality differed between BCS and age‐matched healthy controls (HC) or by geographical location.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 281 BCS and 4069 HC from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health mid‐aged cohort completing Survey 3 in 2001. Data from the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies food frequency questionnaire were used to calculate the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS), a validated summary estimate of diet quality based on adherence to the Australian dietary guidelines.ResultsThe mean (SD) ARFS of the BCS group was 33.2 (9.4) out of a maximum of 74. Mean (SD) total ARFS and component scores of BCS did not differ from the HC group [32.9 (8.7)] and no differences were found in ARFS between urban and rural BCS.ConclusionsThis is the first study dedicated exclusively to describing the diet quality of Australian BCS. Although no difference was found when comparisons were made with a HC group, there is considerable room for improvement in the diet quality of Australian BCS. Given research suggesting higher risk of chronic conditions such as obesity amongst BCS, and the recognition of optimising diet quality as a key factor in health promotion for all population groups, data from the present study suggest the need for research targeting the feasibility and impact of improving diet quality of Australian BCS.
A case–control study of current psychological well‐being and weight‐teasing history in young adults with and without bowel conditions
Authors: Quick V. , McWilliams R. , Byrd‐Bredbenner C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to determine whether psychological well‐being and weight‐teasing history of young adults with bowel conditions (i.e. coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome) differed from those without bowel conditions.MethodsYoung adults (aged 18–26 years) completed an online survey that collected demographic information and assessed psychological well‐being (mentally and physically unhealthy days, self‐esteem, and depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder severity) and weight‐teasing history (Perception of Teasing Scale). Each bowel condition participant (cases = 135) was matched to four healthy participants (controls = 504) based on sex and body mass index (BMI) (±0.50 BMI units). Conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were presented for all measures and demographics.ResultsCases were significantly more likely to have poorer overall psychological well‐being. Specifically, cases were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more likely to have more mentally and physical unhealthy days, depression, anxiety, and obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms than controls. Cases were also significantly more likely to recall being weight teased as a child (P = 0.02, OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.04–1.53) and being more upset from the weight‐teasing insults (P = 0.006, OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05–1.35) than controls. Cases were also more than 1.5 times more likely to be made fun of (P = 0.03, OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.09–2.43) or laughed at (P = 0.01, OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.15–2.73) because of their weight than controls.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest that healthcare providers should monitor the psychological well‐being of young adults with bowel conditions and incorporate opportunities for them to develop skills and strategies for coping.
Complement selectively elicits glutamate release from nerve endings in different regions of mammal central nervous system
Authors: Merega Elisa , Prisco Silvia Di , Lanfranco Massimiliano , Severi Paolo , Pittaluga Anna 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOur study was aimed at investigating whether complement, a complex of soluble and membrane‐associated serum proteins, could, in addition to its well‐documented post‐synaptic activity, also pre‐synaptically affect the release of classic neurotransmitters in central nervous system (CNS). Complement (dilution 1 : 10 to 1 : 10000) elicited the release of preloaded [3H]‐d‐aspartate ([3H]d‐ASP) and endogenous glutamate from mouse cortical synaptosomes in a dilution‐dependent manner. It also evoked [3H]d‐ASP release from mouse hippocampal, cerebellar, and spinal cord synaptosomes, as well as from rat and human cortical nerve endings, but left unaltered the release of GABA, [3H]noradrenaline or [3H]acetylcholine. Lowering external Na+ (from 140 to 40 mM) or Ca2+ (from 1.2 to 0.1 mM) ions prevented the 1 : 300 complement‐evoked [3H]d‐ASP release from mouse cortical synaptosomes. Complement‐induced releasing effect was unaltered in synaptosomes entrapped with the Ca2+ ions chelator 1,2‐bis‐(2‐aminophenoxy) ethane‐N,N,N’,N’, tetra‐acetic acid or with pertussis toxin. Nifedipine,/ω‐conotoxin GVIA/ω‐conotoxin MVIIC mixture as well as the vesicular ATPase blocker bafilomycin A1 were also inefficacious. The excitatory amino acid transporter blocker DL‐threo‐ß‐benzyloxyaspartic acid, on the contrary, reduced the complement‐evoked releasing effect in a concentration‐dependent manner. We concluded that complement‐induced releasing activity is restricted to glutamatergic nerve endings, where it was accounted for by carrier‐mediated release. Our observations afford new insights into the molecular events accounting for immune and CNS crosstalk.
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We investigated whether complement, a complex of soluble and membrane‐associated serum proteins, could pre‐synaptically affect the release of classic neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS). Our data provide evidence that complement‐induced releasing activity is restricted to glutamatergic nerve endings, where it was accounted for by carrier‐mediated release. Our observations add new insights to the knowledge of the molecular events accounting for immune and CNS crosstalk. EAAT = excitatory amino acid transporter.
Distribution of the hematopoietic growth factor G‐CSF and its receptor in the adult human brain with specific reference to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ridwan Sami , Bauer Henrike , Frauenknecht Katrin , Hefti Kyra , von Pein Harald , Sommer Clemens J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), being a member of the hematopoietic growth factor family, is also critically involved in controlling proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Treatment with G‐CSF has been shown to result in substantial neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects in various experimental models of acute and chronic diseases of the central nervous system. Although G‐CSF has been tested in a clinical study for treatment of acute ischemic stroke, there is only fragmentary data on the distribution of this cytokine and its receptor in the human brain. Therefore, the present study was focused on the immunohistochemical analysis of the protein expression of G‐CSF and its receptor (G‐CSF R) in the adult human brain. Since G‐CSF has been shown not only to exert neuroprotective effects in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but also to be a candidate for clinical treatment, we have also placed an emphasis on the regulation of these molecules in this neurodegenerative disease. One major finding is that both G‐CSF and G‐CSF R were ubiquitously but not uniformly expressed in neurons throughout the CNS. Protein expression of G‐CSF and G‐CSF R was not restricted to neurons but was also detectable in astrocytes, ependymal cells, and choroid plexus cells. However, the distribution of G‐CSF and G‐CSF R did not substantially differ between AD brains and control, even in the hippocampus, where early neurodegenerative changes typically occur.
Management of a Fractured Implant Abutment Screw: A Clinical Report
Authors: Canpolat Ceyhun , Özkurt‐Kayahan Zeynep , Kazazoğlu Ender 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn an abutment screw fracture, it is generally a challenge for the clinician to remove fractured fragments. In some cases, the screw cannot be removed, and alternative solutions should be considered. This clinical report describes the replacement of a ball attachment with a fractured screw, which was impossible to retrieve, with a cast dowel with ball attachment. The patient who presented to the Department of Prosthodontics, Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry was a 65‐year‐old woman, wearing a mandibular complete denture supported by two implants for 4 years. She complained about the loss of retention of the denture because of the fractured abutment screw, and it was found that another dentist had previously tried to retrieve the fractured screw with no success. It was decided to construct a cast dowel with ball attachment to improve retention without sacrificing the implant. The interior of the implant and the fractured screw were machined with a rotating instrument. An impression was taken with a metal strip and silicone‐based materials. In the laboratory, a stone die was generated from the impression, and a custom‐made cast dowel with ball attachment was constructed. It was then cemented with glass ionomer cement and connected to the denture with the direct method. The alternative procedure described in this clinical report was successful for the removal of the fractured abutment screw and use of the existing denture.
Full‐Mouth Rehabilitation of a Patient with Severe Deep Bite: A Clinical Report
Authors: Ergun Gulfem , Yucel Ayse Seda 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIncreasing the vertical dimension is essential to resolving problems associated with deep bite. Restorative dentistry, orthodontia, and oral surgery are the three disciplines that can help to gain the vertical dimension necessary in these patients. This clinical report presents the results of increasing vertical dimension with a full‐mouth restorative treatment procedure for a 40‐year‐old male patient who exhibited severe deep bite. After clinical evaluation, extraoral examination showed a reduction of the lower facial height and protuberant lips, wrinkles, drooping, and overclosed commissures. In addition, intraoral examination showed a severe anterior deep‐bite articulation, and upper incisors were in contact with the lower incisor labial tissue. A removable partial denture was made at increased occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) to use in the first stage of rehabilitation. Diagnostic wax‐up was performed at the increased vertical dimension. Then, provisional crowns were fabricated according to this increased vertical dimension. Interim prostheses were used for 3 months as a guide for preparing the definitive restorations. The adaptation of the patient to the increased OVD was evaluated. During this period, he was asymptomatic. Following the evaluation period, definitive restorations were completed, and routine clinical assessments were made after 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, then after 1 and 2 years with visual and radiographic examinations.
The metabolic profile of growing lambs fed diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Steppa R. , Szkudelska K. , Wójtowski J. , Stanisz M. , Szumacher‐Strabel M. , Czyżak‐Runowska G. , Cieślak A. , Markiewicz‐Kęszycka M. , Pietrzak M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe effect of two diets enriched with unsaturated fatty acids – one containing the addition of dried distillers grains with solubles (DGS) and the other the addition of false flax – Camelina sativa cake (CS) – on some metabolic parameters and hormone concentration in growing lambs was determined in this experiment. A total of 21 ram lambs of the Polish Whiteheaded mutton sheep were divided into three groups (the control, receiving DGS and CS). The diets were administered to animals for 6 weeks. During the experiment, peripheral blood was collected. Glucose (GL), total cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), insulin (IN), leptin (LE), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were assayed in serum. The age‐dependent reduction in CH and TG limited by both experimental diets were observed. A significant increase in FFA concentration was observed in samples collected in the last, that is, third, time period. This was most probably caused by a 12‐h pre‐slaughter fasting period. A significantly lower dynamic of FFA increase in that experimental period was found in animals receiving the experimental feed. Insulin concentration in DGS‐receiving lambs was increased, in contrast to the CS‐receiving lambs, in which it was lower when compared to the control. LE concentration was decreased by both experimental diets, more markedly in the DGS‐receiving animals. No differences between the experimental groups and the control were observed in T3 and T4 concentrations. The effect of 12‐h pre‐slaughter fasting was statistically highly significant for the levels of examined blood markers and hormones, except for TG and IN in the group of lambs receiving the experimental diet with CS.