bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of patient contacts by cognition in schizophrenia
Authors: Ernst Nielsen René , Haugaard Christoffer , Olrik Wallenstein Jensen Signe , Munk-Jørgensen Povl , Østergaard Christensen Torben 
Published: April 2013

Objective: To investigate the correlations between cognitive function and clinical outcome variables. Method: Patients diagnosed for the first time with schizophrenia between January 2004 and June 2010 were cognitively tested in conjunction with diagnostic procedures. Cognitive test data were connected to Danish healthcare registers and patients were followed in the registers from their first contact with psychiatric in- and outpatient care until October 2011. Results: Patients had impaired attention, processing speed and executive function as measured by Trail Making Test part B; their executive functions, as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and working memory, as measured by Rigshospitalet’s digit span test, were unaffected as compared to norms. The admission rate, from schizophrenia diagnosis to the end of the study, was predicted by Trail Making Test part A, Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), RAVLT (total learning), RAVLT (memory), d2 Test of Attention (total) and d2 type 2 error (error of commission), independent of gender, age and schizophrenia subtype. The length of hospitalization after the schizophrenia diagnosis was mainly determined by the schizophrenia subtype (schizophrenia simplex: incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.40, p < 0.001). Diagnosis was secondarily determined by deficits in attention and executive function, Trail Making Test part B, d2 Test of Attention (total), d2 type 1 error (error of omission), d2 type 2 error, and also by age and substance use disorder. The outpatient contact rate from schizophrenia diagnosis to the end of the study was predicted by d2 Test of Attention, Trail Making Test part A, and d2 type 2 error. The annual rate of criminal conviction, institutionalization and social retirement pension was mainly predicted by substance misuse. Conclusion: Cognitive function only predicted hospitalization and outpatient contacts to a minor degree in a cohort of newly diagnosed patients with schizophrenia.
ReadingMate
Authors: Kwon Bum chul , Yi Ji Soo , Zhu Yu 
Published: April 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of font size, interline spacing, and a technology called ReadingMate on the letter-counting task performance of users running on a treadmill. Background: Few researchers have investigated how runners read text while running on a treadmill. Our previous studies showed that ReadingMate had positive effects on the reading-while-running experience; however, the effect of other text conditions (i.e., font size and interline spacing) and the interplay between ReadingMate and such text conditions on the letter-counting task performance are not clearly understood. Method: Fifteen participants were recruited for the experiment. There were three main factors: display types (normal and ReadingMate), font sizes (8, 12, 16, and 20 point), and interline spacing (1.0×, 1.5×, 2.0×, and 2.5×). The researchers employed a letter-counting task. The performance was measured regarding task performance time, success rate of counting the target letter f, and number of give-ups. Results: Overall, the letter-counting task performance while running on a treadmill improved as font size and interline spacing increased, as expected. ReadingMate was more effective than normal display particularly when text was displayed in a small font size and with dense interline spacing. Conclusion: When text must be displayed in a small font size and with dense interline spacing, ReadingMate can be used to improve the users’ task performance. Application: Practical applications of ReadingMate include improving the text-reading experience in shaky environments, such as in aviation, construction, and transportation.
Geographical movement of doctors from education to training and eventual career post: UK cohort studies
Authors: Goldacre Michael , Davidson Jean , Maisonneuve Jenny , Lambert Trevor 
Published: April 2013

Summary Objective To investigate the geographical mobility of UK-trained doctors. Design Cohort studies conducted by postal questionnaires. Setting UK. Participants A total 31,353 UK-trained doctors in 11 cohorts defined by year of qualification, from 1974 to 2008. Main outcome measures Location of family home prior to medical school, location of medical school, region of first training post, region of first career post. Analysis for the UK divided into 17 standard geographical regions. Results The response rate was 81.2% (31,353/45,061; denominators, below, depended on how far the doctors’ careers had progressed). Of all respondents, 36% (11,381/31,353) attended a medical school in their home region and 48% (10,370/21,740) undertook specialty training in the same region as their medical school. Of respondents who had reached the grade of consultant or principal in general practice in the UK, 34% (4169/12,119) settled in the same region as their home before entering medical school. Of those in the UK, 70% (7643/ 10,887) held their first career post in the same region as either their home before medical school, or their medical school or their location of training. For 18% (1938/10,887), all four locations - family home, medical school, place of training, place of first career post - were within the same region. A higher percentage of doctors from the more recent than from the older cohorts settled in the region of their family home. Conclusion Many doctors do not change geographical region in their successive career moves, and recent cohorts appear less inclined to do so.
The long-term impact of early parental death: lessons from a narrative study
Authors: Ellis Jackie , Dowrick Chris , Lloyd-Williams Mari 
Published: April 2013

Summary Objective To explore the individual experiences of those who had experienced the death of a parent(s) before the age of 18, and investigate how such experiences were perceived to impact on adult life. Design An exploratory qualitative design using written (n = 5) and oral (n= 28) narratives and narrative analysis was adopted to explore the experiences 33 adults (7 men and 26 women) who had experienced parental death during childhood. Setting UK Participants Individuals living in the North West of England who had lost a parent(s) before the age of 18. Main outcome measures Views of adults bereaved of a parent before the age of 18 of impact of parental loss in adult life. Results While individual experiences of bereavement in childhood were unique and context bound, the narratives were organized around three common themes: disruptions and continuity, the role of social networks and affiliations and communication and the extent to which these dynamics mediated the bereavement experience and the subsequent impact on adult life. Specifically they illustrate how discontinuity (or continuity that does not meet the child's needs), a lack of appropriate social support for both the child and surviving parent and a failure to provide clear and honest information at appropriate time points relevant to the child's level of understanding was perceived to have a negative impact in adulthood with regards to trust, relationships, self-esteem, feeling of self-worth loneliness and isolation and the ability to express feelings. A model is suggested for identifying and supporting those that may be more vulnerable to less favourable outcomes in adult life. Conclusions The findings suggest that if the negative consequences are to be minimized it is crucial that guidelines for ‘best practice’ that recognize the complex nature of the bereavement experience are followed.
Personality traits, loneliness, and attitudes toward aloneness in adolescence
Authors: Teppers Eveline , Klimstra Theo A. , Damme Carolien Van , Luyckx Koen , Vanhalst Janne , Goossens Luc 
Published: April 2013

Within a dual-level model of personality, loneliness, and attitudes toward aloneness can be regarded as phase-specific adaptations that are influenced by personality traits. Therefore, we examined the associations between personality traits (i.e., the Big Five, sociotropy, and autonomy), loneliness, and attitudes toward aloneness in two samples of late adolescents ( N = 1388 and N = 419). A specific pattern of associations was found that replicated across samples. Lower scores on agreeableness and stronger concerns about independence (i.e., greater autonomy) were positive predictors of both peer-related and parent-related loneliness. Extraversion was a predictor of lower affinity for and greater aversion to aloneness. The other personality traits were predictors of a particular type of loneliness or a specific attitude toward aloneness.
Recovery of function following hip resurfacing arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial comparing an accelerated versus standard physiotherapy rehabilitation programme
Authors: Barker Karen L , Newman Meredith A , Hughes Tamsin , Sackley Cath , Pandit Hemant , Kiran Amit , Murray David W 
Published: April 2013

Objective: To identify if a tailored rehabilitation programme is more effective than standard practice at improving function in patients undergoing metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Specialist orthopaedic hospital. Subjects: 80 men with a median age of 56 years. Interventions: Tailored post-operative physiotherapy programme compared with standard physiotherapy. Main Outcomes: Primary outcome – Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Secondary outcomes: Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), EuroQol (EQ-5D-3L) and UCLA activity score. Hip range of motion, hip muscle strength and patient selected goals were also assessed. Results: At one year the mean (SD) Oxford Hip Score of the intervention group was higher, 45.1 (5.3), than the control group, 39.6 (8.8). This was supported by a linear regression model, which detected a 5.8 unit change in Oxford Hip Score ( p < 0.001), effect size 0.76. There was a statistically significant increase in Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score of 12.4% ( p < 0.0005), effect size 0.76; UCLA activity score differed by 0.66 points ( p < 0.019), effect size 0.43; EQ 5D showed an improvement of 0.85 ( p < 0.0005), effect size 0.76. A total of 80% (32 of 40) of the intervention group fully met their self-selected goal compared with 55% (22 of 40) of the control group. Hip range of motion increased significantly; hip flexion by a mean difference 17.9 degrees ( p < 0.0005), hip extension by 5.7 degrees ( p < 0.004) and abduction by 4 degrees ( p < 0.05). Muscle strength improved more in the intervention group but was not statistically significant. Conclusions: A tailored physiotherapy programme improved self-reported functional outcomes and hip range of motion in patients undergoing hip resurfacing.
Development and psychometric properties of the DCDDaily: a new test for clinical assessment of capacity in activities of daily living in children with developmental coordination disorder
Authors: van der Linde Berdien W , van Netten Jaap J , Otten Bert (E) , Postema Klaas , Geuze Reint H , Schoemaker Marina M 
Published: April 2013

Objective: To develop the DCDDaily, an instrument for objective and standardized clinical assessment of capacity in activities of daily living (ADL) in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and to investigate its usability, reliability, and validity. Subjects: Five to eight-year-old children with and without DCD. Main measures: The DCDDaily was developed based on thorough review of the literature and extensive expert involvement. To investigate the usability (assessment time and feasibility), reliability (internal consistency and repeatability), and validity (concurrent and discriminant validity) of the DCDDaily, children were assessed with the DCDDaily and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Test, and their parents filled in the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Checklist and Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. Results: 459 children were assessed (DCD group, n = 55; normative reference group, n = 404). Assessment was possible within 30 minutes and in any clinical setting. For internal consistency, Cronbach’s α = 0.83. Intraclass correlation = 0.87 for test–retest reliability and 0.89 for inter-rater reliability. Concurrent correlations with Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Test and questionnaires were ρ = −0.494, 0.239, and −0.284, p < 0.001. Discriminant validity measures showed significantly worse performance in the DCD group than in the control group (mean (SD) score 33 (5.6) versus 26 (4.3), p < 0.001). The area under curve characteristic = 0.872, sensitivity and specificity were 80%. Conclusions: The DCDDaily is a valid and reliable instrument for clinical assessment of capacity in ADL, that is feasible for use in clinical practice.
Intra- and inter-observer repeatability of radiographic measurements for previously slipped capital femoral epiphysis at skeletal maturity
Authors: Lehmann Trude G , Vetti Nils , Laborie Lene B , Engesæter Ingvild Ø , Engesæter Lars B , Rosendahl Karen 
Published: April 2013

Background Recent studies suggest that even a mild slip of the femoral capital epiphysis may lead to later degenerative changes when undiagnosed. However, little is written on the accuracy of radiographic measurements used to diagnose a slip at skeletal maturity. Purpose To assess the accuracy of radiographic measurements commonly used for assessment of previously slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) at skeletal maturity. Material and Methods All children born at our hospital during 1989 ( n = 4006) were invited to participate in a follow-up hip trial at age 18–19 years. Erect pelvic anteroposterior and supine frog leg radiographs were obtained in a standardized fashion. For the purpose of this study, we selected a subset of 100 radiographs. To balance the data-set, we added another 28 radiographs from skeletal mature patients diagnosed and operated for a SCFE. Two observers independently measured Southwick's head-shaft angle, Murray's tilt-index, and the femoral head-neck angle. Intra- and inter-observer variation was assessed using the mean difference, with its 95% limits of agreement. Results A high percentage of the images (40%), particularly for the measurement of the Southwick's head-shaft angle, were judged immeasurable by at least one observer. Mean head-shaft angle was 11.0° (SD = 17.0), head-neck angle was 8.0° (SD = 12.0), and Murray's tilt-index was 1.18 (SD = 0.4). For head-shaft angle, the mean difference between measurements (Observer 2) was 0.8° (SD = 2.7°, 95% limits of agreement –4.5° to 6.1°), while the corresponding figure for the Murray's tilt-index was 0.02 (SD = 0.08, 95% limits of agreement –0.18 to 0.14), and for the head-neck angle 0.9° (SD = 4.0, 95% limits of agreement of –6.9° to 8.7°). Slightly higher variance was seen for Observer 1 and between the two observers. Conclusion Common radiographic measurements for the assessment of a previously slipped capital femoral epiphysis are relatively inaccurate in skeletal mature adolescents, in particular between observers (inter-observer), but also for the same observer (intra-observer). Our results underscore the importance of thorough standardization for both image and measurement technique when used in a clinical setting.
Incidence of delayed and missed diagnoses in whole-body multidetector CT in patients with multiple injuries after trauma
Authors: Geyer Lucas L , Körner Markus , Linsenmaier Ulrich , Huber-Wagner Stefan , Kanz Karl-Georg , Reiser Maximilian F , Wirth Stefan 
Published: April 2013

Background Whole-body CT (WBCT) is the imaging modality of choice during the initial diagnostic work-up of multiple injured patients in order to identify serious injuries and initiate adequate treatment immediately. However, delayed diagnosed or even missed injuries have been reported frequently ranging from 1.3% to 47%. Purpose To highlight commonly missed lesions in WBCT of patients with multiple injuries. Material and Methods A total of 375 patients (age 42.8 ± 17.9 years, ISS 26.6 ± 17.0) with a WBCT (head to symphysis) were included. The final CT report was compared with clinical and operation reports. Discrepant findings were recorded and grouped as relevant and non-relevant to further treatment. In both groups, an experienced trauma radiologist read the CT images retrospectively, whether these lesions were missed or truly not detectable. Results In 336 patients (89.6%), all injuries in the regions examined were diagnosed correctly in the final reports of the initial CT. Forty-eight patients (12.8%) had injuries in regions of the body that were not included in the CT. Fourteen patients (3.7%) had injuries that did not require further treatment. Twenty-five patients (6.7%) had injuries that required further treatment. With secondary interpretation, 85.4% of all missed lesions could be diagnosed in retrospect from the primary CT data-set. Small pancreatic and bowel contusions were identified as truly non-detectable. Conclusion In multiple traumas, only a few missed injuries in initial WBCT reading are clinically relevant. However, as the vast majority of these injuries are detectable, the radiologist has to be alert for commonly missed findings to avoid a delayed diagnosis.
Bronchiectasis in active tuberculosis
Authors: Ko Jeong Min , Kim Ki Jun , Park Seog Hee , Park Hyun Jin 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundBronchiectasis in tuberculosis (TB) is usually considered chronic traction bronchiectasis associated with healed scars. However, bronchiectasis can occasionally be seen in active TB.PurposeTo evaluate prevalence, appearance, and changes of bronchiectasis associated with active TB on computed tomography (CT).Material and MethodsA total of 391 patients with active TB who had undergone CT scans at the time of diagnosis were included in the study. Active TB was diagnosed when the sputum or the sample obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage tested positive using an acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, or an AFB culture. The CT scans were reviewed focusing on bronchiectasis within consolidations or nodules. Cases with bronchiectasis beyond the consolidation or nodules were excluded from the study to exclude pre-existing traction bronchiectasis. The prevalence and appearance (cylindrical, varicose, cystic, and presence of focal erosion) of bronchiectasis and its time-dependent changes were analyzed. In addition, the presence of the feeding bronchus sign was checked. Here, the feeding bronchus sign was defined as a CT finding where the cavity communicates with the dilated airway.ResultsIn 100 (25%) of the 391 patients, bronchiectasis was present within consolidations or nodules on CT. The shape of the bronchiectasis was cylindrical in all patients and focal erosions were revealed in 75 patients (75%). Nine patients had both cylindrical and varicose forms of the bronchiectasis. The feeding bronchus sign was observed in 42 patients (42%). Follow-up CT was performed on 19 of 100 patients. The bronchiectasis had progressed in 11 patients (58%), improved in four patients (21%), remained unchanged in one patient (5%), and could not be determined in the remaining three patients (16%). In nine patients, CT images prior to diagnosis were available, and in all these cases, bronchiectasis was newly developed.ConclusionBronchiectasis can be seen within active inflammation in one-fourth of active TB on CT. In association with active inflammation, bronchiectasis is mostly cylindrical with focal erosions, occasionally accompanied by the feeding bronchus sign.
Acute cholecystitis: quantitative and qualitative evaluation with 64-section helical CT
Authors: Soyer Philippe , Hoeffel Christine , Dohan Anthony , Gayat Etienne , Eveno Clarisse , Malgras Brice , Pautrat Karine , Boudiaf Mourad 
Published: April 2013

Background Because of an expanded role for CT in the evaluation of patients with acute abdominal pain, it is not rare that acute cholecystitis is depicted by CT. However, the sensitivity and the specificity of a given CT variable for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis is not known. Purpose To quantitatively and qualitatively analyze acute cholecystitis at 64-section helical CT with submilimeter and isotropic voxels using a retrospective case-control study. Material and Methods The 64-section helical CT examinations obtained with submilimeter and isotropic voxels in 40 patients with acute cholecystitis (25 men; mean age, 62.2years) were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed and compared to those of 40 control subjects matched for age and gender. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the most discriminating cut-off values for quantitative variables. Comparisons of qualitative variables were made using univariate analysis. Results Pericholecystic fat stranding, mural stratification, pericholecystic hypervascularity, spontaneous hyperattenuation of gallbladder wall, short (≥32-mm) and long (≥74-mm) gallbladder axis enlargement, and gallbladder wall thickening (≥3.6-mm) were the most discriminating and independent variables for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis ( P < 0.0001). Using cut-off values found at ROC curve analysis, gallbladder wall thickening, and short and long gallbladder axis enlargement were the most sensitive findings (sensitivity = 92.5%; 95%CI: 79.6%–98.4%) for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Conclusion Acute cholecystitis is associated with myriad suggestive findings on 64-section helical CT. It can be anticipated that familiarity with these findings would result in more confident diagnosis of acute cholecystitis at 64-section helical CT.
Treatment of postoperative main portal vein and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis with balloon angioplasty and/or stent placement
Authors: Cao Guangshao , Ko Gi-Young , Sung Kyu-Bo , Yoon Hyun-Ki , Gwon Dong Il , Kim Jin-Hyoung 
Published: April 2013

Background Thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have been used to treat postoperative main portal vein and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of balloon angioplasty and/or stent placement without thrombolysis or thrombectomy for treating such thromboses. Material and Methods Fourteen patients with postoperative main portal vein or superior mesenteric vein thrombosis underwent percutaneous transhepatic balloon angioplasty and/or stent placement without thrombolysis or thrombectomy. The rates of technical and clinical success, major complications, and recurrence were evaluated retrospectively. Results Initial technical success was achieved in 13 of the 14 patients (93%). After the procedures, these 13 patients showed brisk portal inflow, without a significant amount of residual thrombus in the stented lumen or embolism. One patient was considered to be a technical failure despite showing a brisk portal inflow because 50% stenosis and partial residual thrombus remained in the stented lumen. Initial clinical success was achieved in 13 patients. One patient with technical success died of acute respiratory distress syndrome 8 days after the procedure, whereas one patient with technical failure achieved clinical success. One patient experienced acute rethrombosis 8 days after the procedure. During the median follow-up period of 16.3 months, rethrombosis occurred in six patients (43%), including one patient with acute rethrombosis. Conclusion Balloon angioplasty and/or stent placement without thrombolysis or thrombectomy may be a safe and effective treatment modality for postoperative main portal vein and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis.