bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Cartilage Loading Responses After an In Vivo Squatting Exercise in People With Doubtful to Mild Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Van Ginckel Ans , Witvrouw Erik 
Published: April 2013

Background
The effects of exercise on osteoarthritic cartilage remain elusive.

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dynamic in vivo squatting exercise on the magnitude and spatial pattern of acute cartilage responses in people with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (ie, Kellgren-Lawrence grades 1 and 2).

Design
This investigation was a case-control study.

Methods
Eighteen people with radiographic signs of doubtful to mild medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis were compared with 18 people who were middle-aged and healthy (controls). Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging was used to monitor deformation and recovery on the basis of 3-dimensional cartilage volume calculations (ie, total volume and volumes in anterior, central, and posterior subregions) before and after a 30-repetition squatting exercise. Three-dimensional volumes were estimated after semiautomatic segmentation and were calculated at 4 time points (1 before and 3 after scans). Scans obtained after the exercise were separated by 15-minute intervals.

Results
In both groups, significant deformation was noted in the medial compartment (−3.4% for the femur and −3.2% for the tibia in people with osteoarthritis versus −2.8% for the femur and −3.8% for the tibia in people in the control group). People with osteoarthritis had significant deformation in the lateral femur (−3.9%) and a tendency toward significant deformation in the lateral tibia (−3.1%). From 15 minutes after exercise cessation onward, volume changes were no longer significantly different from the baseline. At all time points, no significant between-group differences were revealed for volume changes. People with osteoarthritis showed a tendency toward slower recovery preceded by larger deformations in entire cartilage plates and subregions. Spatial subregional deformation patterns were similar between groups.

Limitations
Generalizability is limited to people with doubtful to mild osteoarthritis and low levels of pain.

Conclusions
Tibiofemoral cartilage deformation appeared similar in magnitude and spatial pattern in people who were middle-aged and either had or did not have tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (ie, Kellgren-Lawrence grades 1 and 2). Restoration of volumes required a 15-minute recovery, especially in the presence of osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration.
Combination of hypoglossal-facial nerve surgical reconstruction and neurotrophin-3 gene therapy for facial palsy
Authors: Wan Hong , Zhang Liwei , Blanchard Stephane , Bigou Stephanie , Bohl Delphine , Wang Chuncheng , Liu Song 
Published: April 2013

Object
Facial nerve injury results in facial palsy that has great impact on the psychosocial conditions of affected patients. Reconstruction of the facial nerve to restore facial symmetry and expression is still a significant surgical challenge. In this study, the authors assessed a hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis method combined with neurotrophic factor gene therapy to treat facial palsy in adult rats after facial nerve injury.

Methods
Surgery consisted of the interposition of a predegenerated nerve graft (PNG) that was anastomosed with the hypoglossal and facial nerves at each of its extremities. The hypoglossal nerve was cut approximately 50% for this anastomosis to conserve partial hypoglossal function. Before their transplantation, the PNGs were genetically engineered using lentiviral vectors to induce overexpression of the neurotrophic factor neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) to improve axonal regrowth in the reconstructed nerve pathway. Reconstruction was performed after facial nerve injury, either immediately or after a delay of 9 weeks. The rats were followed up for 4 months postoperatively, and treatment outcomes were then assessed.

Results
Compared with the functional innervation in control rats that underwent facial nerve injury without subsequent treatment, functional innervation of the paralyzed whisker pad by hypoglossal motoneurons in rats treated 4 months after nerve reconstruction was evidenced by the retrograde transport of neuronal tracers, the recording of muscle action potentials conducted by the PNG, and the recovery of facial symmetry. Although a better outcome was observed when reconstruction was performed immediately after facial nerve injury, reconstruction with NT3-treated PNGs significantly improved functional reinnervation of the paralyzed whisker pad even when implantation occurred 9 weeks posttrauma.

Conclusions
Results demonstrated that hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis facilitates innervation of paralyzed facial muscle via hypoglossal motoneurons without sacrificing ipsilateral hemitongue function. Neurotrophin-3 treatment through gene therapy could effectively improve such innervation, even after delayed reconstruction. These findings suggest that the combination of surgical reconstruction and NT-3 gene therapy is promising for its potential application in treating facial palsy in humans.
Implications of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) with codissolved brain-derived neurotrophic factor injectable scaffold on motor function recovery rate following cervical dorsolateral funiculotomy in the rat
Authors: Grous Lauren Conova , Vernengo Jennifer , Jin Ying , Himes B. Timothy , Shumsky Jed S. , Fischer Itzhak , Lowman Anthony 
Published: April 2013

Object
In a follow-up study to their prior work, the authors evaluated a novel delivery system for a previously established treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI), based on a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), lightly cross-linked with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) injectable scaffold. The primary aim of this work was to assess the recovery of both spontaneous and skilled forelimb function following a cervical dorsolateral funiculotomy in the rat. This injury ablates the rubrospinal tract (RST) but spares the dorsal and ventral corticospinal tract and can severely impair reaching and grasping abilities.

Methods
Animals received an implant of either PNIPAAm-g-PEG or PNIPAAm-g-PEG + brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The single-pellet reach-to-grasp task and the staircase-reaching task were used to assess skilled motor function associated with reaching and grasping abilities, and the cylinder task was used to assess spontaneous motor function, both before and after injury.

Results
Because BDNF can stimulate regenerating RST axons, the authors showed that animals receiving an implant of PNIPAAm-g-PEG with codissolved BDNF had an increased recovery rate of fine motor function when compared with a control group (PNIPAAm-g-PEG only) on both a staircase-reaching task at 4 and 8 weeks post-SCI and on a single-pellet reach-to-grasp task at 5 weeks post-SCI. In addition, spontaneous motor function, as measured in the cylinder test, recovered to preinjury values in animals receiving PNIPAAm-g-PEG + BDNF. Fluorescence immunochemistry indicated the presence of both regenerating axons and BDA-labeled fibers growing up to or within the host-graft interface in animals receiving PNIPAAm-g-PEG + BDNF.

Conclusions
Based on their results, the authors suggest that BDNF delivered by the scaffold promoted the growth of RST axons into the lesion, which may have contributed in part to the increased recovery rate.
La pertinence et l'utilité prédictive de mesures de performance financière : une comparaison France, États-Unis et Suisse
Authors: Cormier Denis , Magnan Michel , Zéghal Daniel 
Published: April 2013

La mesure de la performance financière est une question cruciale pour les parties prenantes de l’entreprise que sont les actionnaires, les membres des conseils d’administration, les dirigeants ou les bailleurs de fonds. Par ailleurs, l’efficacité de plusieurs systèmes de gestion (l’évaluation de la performance, la rémunération) est tributaire d’une sélection de mesures de performance appropriées. Dans le cadre de cette étude, cinq mesures de performance financière sont évaluées quant à leur pertinence pour les marchés boursiers et à leur utilité prédictive en matière de flux de trésorerie (modèle comptable américain) et de valeur ajoutée (modèle comptable européen). Ces mesures sont le résultat net, le résultat d’exploitation, le flux de trésorerie d’exploitation, le résultat résiduel et la valeur ajoutée. L’échantillon regroupe des firmes de trois pays dont le processus de normalisation de la comptabilité diffère : la France, les États-Unis et la Suisse. Il se dégage des résultats que la pertinence et l’utilité prédictive des mesures de performance financière dépendent des règles régissant le fonctionnement des marchés financiers et la normalisation comptable dans chaque pays. Ainsi, un processus de normalisation comptable plus souple orienté vers les besoins des investisseurs génère une relation plus étroite entre les mesures de performance et les rendements boursiers. En revanche, pour prédire les flux de trésorerie, les mesures de performance doivent reposer sur des normes comptables qui favorisent la précision et qui laissent peu de place à la flexibilité (mesures fiables). Une trop grande latitude dans l’application des règles comptables peut réduire considérablement l’utilité prédictive des mesures de performance. En outre, pour prédire la valeur ajoutée, une mesure macro-économique, le cadre français est nettement plus performant que le cadre suisse ou américain. Enfin, le fait de respecter ou non les normes IAS n’a qu’un impact mineur sur la pertinence et l’utilité prédictive des mesures de performance. Toutefois, ces résultats sont tributaires des modes de calcul utilisés pour les différents indicateurs de performance et du fait que les règles en matière de comptes consolidés pour les firmes françaises peuvent différer des règles régissant les comptes individuels.
Nature des changements produits par une mission d'audit interne
Authors: Autissier David 
Published: April 2013

Quels sont les changements organisationnels produits par une mission d’audit interne ? À partir de travaux en sociologie et en gestion, le changement a été défini comme un mouvement entre deux situations, observable selon quatre dimensions. Renseignées sur dix missions d’audit interne réalisées à EDF, ces quatre dimensions nous ont permis d’avancer trois processus de changement en fonction de la nature du message communiqué dans le rapport d’audit. La consolidation de ces trois processus a donné lieu à une définition duale du changement organisationnel.
GROUND REACTION FORCE ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORMAL AND WADDLING GAIT PATTERNS
Authors: Razeghi Mehdi , Rostami Mostafa , Jamshidi Nima , Ghomashchi Hamed 
Published: April 2013

Background: The purpose of this case series was to quantify gait to study muscular dystrophy. In this research, the quantitative differences between normal and waddling gaits were assessed by force plate analysis. Methods: Nineteen myopathy patients and 20 normal subjects serving as the control group participated in this research. In this study, quantitative analyses of gait have been used to investigate the differences in mobility between normal subjects and myopathy patients. Patient data were collected from Iranian Muscular Dystrophy Association members, and normal data were extracted from students of Azad University. All of the gait tests were performed using a Kistler force platform. Participants walked at a self-selected speed, barefoot, independently, and without assistive devices. Results: Our findings indicate that there were no significant differences between the patients and the control group in the anterior–posterior components of the ground reaction forces; however, there were considerable differences in the force components between the groups in the medial-lateral and vertical directions of the ground reaction force. In addition, there were significant differences in the time parameters between the groups along the vertical and medial-lateral directions.
Empirical Psycho-Aesthetics and Her Sisters: Substantive and Methodological Issues—Part II
Authors: Konečni Vladimir J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Empirical psycho-aesthetics is approached in this two-part article from two directions. Part I, which appeared in the Winter 2012 issue of JAE, addressed definitional and organizational issues, including the field’s origins, its relation to “sister” disciplines (experimental philosophy, cognitive neuroscience of art, and neuroaesthetics), and its role in a number of current debates about the substantive, methodological, and science-practice problems of interest to these various disciplines–with philosophical aesthetics as a backdrop. On the other hand, the complementary part II of the article, in this issue, has an empirical emphasis. Five groups of research studies illustrate the topics discussed in part I and facilitate a constructive dialogue with philosophical aesthetics and neuroaesthetics. The work involves a variety of art domains and a broad range of psycho-aesthetic topics, methods, and techniques. The five groups of studies are (1) empirical tests of major claims made by aestheticians and artists; (2) using portraiture to obtain an empirical handle on the creative process; (3) the classical topic of the “golden section” as an exploratory ground for a variety of old and new psycho-aesthetic methods; (4) research on music-induced “thrills” (or “chills”) using psycho-aesthetic and neuroimaging techniques; and (5) multifaceted research involving the concept of “aesthetic episode.”
Artistic Praxis and the Neoliberalization of the Educational Space
Authors: Gielen Pascal 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Referring to the work of Richard Sennett, this article puts forth the proposition that art production is possible only when there is a correct relation between theory and artistic practice. An effective artistic praxis can only be realized by incorporating theory in artistic practices. Based on empirical research, the author elaborates on the biotope, which is the necessary precondition for a sustainable development of art. This biotope consists of domestic, communal, market, and civil domains. Within these domains, theory and artistic practice interact in different ways. In order to ensure the development of an artistic praxis, art education needs to maintain this biotope. The author demonstrates that policy decisions in the Netherlands following the Bologna Process regarding education do not make the task of higher education of arts any easier. Increased scale, increased bureaucracy, and neoliberalization of educational space threaten to counteract the integration of theory and practice and thus to undermine the artistic biotope of the artist.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Carbon Monoxide by a Polymerized Film of an Alkynyl‐Substituted Rhenium(I) Complex
Authors: Portenkirchner Engelbert , Gasiorowski Jacek , Oppelt Kerstin , Schlager Stefanie , Schwarzinger Clemens , Neugebauer Helmut , Knör Günther , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe alkynyl‐substituted ReI complex [Re(5,5′‐bisphenylethynyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl)(CO)3Cl] was immobilized by electropolymerization onto a Pt‐plate electrode. The polymerized film exhibited electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO2 to CO. Cyclic voltammetry studies and bulk controlled‐potential electrolysis experiments were performed by using a CO2‐saturated acetonitrile solution. The CO2 reduction, determined by cyclic voltammetry, occurs at approximately −1150 mV versus the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE). Quantitative analysis by GC and IR spectroscopy was used to determine a Faradaic efficiency of approximately 33 % for the formation of CO. Both values of the modified electrode were compared to the performance of the homogenous monomer [Re(5,5′‐bisphenylethynyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl)(CO)3Cl] in acetonitrile. The polymer formation and its properties were studied by using SEM, AFM, and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy.
Computed CH Acidity of Biaryl Compounds and Their Deprotonative Metalation by Using a Mixed Lithium/Zinc‐TMP Base
Authors: Kadiyala Raghu Ram , Tilly David , Nagaradja Elisabeth , Roisnel Thierry , Matulis Vadim E. , Ivashkevich Oleg A. , Halauko Yury S. , Chevallier Floris , Gros Philippe C. , Mongin Florence 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWith the aim of synthesizing biaryl compounds, several aromatic iodides were prepared by the deprotonative metalation of methoxybenzenes, 3‐substituted naphthalenes, isoquinoline, and methoxypyridines by using a mixed lithium/zinc‐TMP (TMP=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidino) base and subsequent iodolysis. The halides thus obtained, as well as commercial compounds, were cross‐coupled under palladium catalysis (e.g., Suzuki coupling with 2,4‐dimethoxy‐5‐pyrimidylboronic acid) to afford various representative biaryl compounds. Deprotometalation of the latter compounds was performed by using the lithium/zinc‐TMP base and evaluated by subsequent iodolysis. The outcome of these reactions has been discussed in light of the CH acidities of these substrates, as determined in THF solution by using the DFT B3LYP method. Except for in the presence of decidedly lower pKa values, the regioselectivities of the deprotometalation reactions tend to be governed by nearby coordinating atoms rather than by site acidities. In particular, azine and diazine nitrogen atoms have been shown to be efficient in inducing the reactions with the lithium/zinc‐TMP base at adjacent sites (e.g., by using 1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)isoquinoline, 4‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐3‐methoxypyridine, or 5‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2,4‐dimethoxypyrimidine as the substrate), a behavior that has already been observed upon treatment with lithium amides under kinetic conditions. Finally, the iodinated biaryl derivatives were involved in palladium‐catalyzed reactions.
Effect of body mass index on tumor characteristics and disease‐free survival in patients from the HER2‐positive adjuvant trastuzumab trial N9831
Authors: Crozier Jennifer A. , Moreno‐Aspitia Alvaro , Ballman Karla V. , Dueck Amylou C. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Perez Edith A. 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDData suggest that weight, and specifically body mass index (BMI), plays a role in breast cancer development and outcome. The authors hypothesized that there would be a correlation between BMI and clinical outcome in patients with early stage, human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer enrolled in the N9831 adjuvant trial.METHODSPatients were grouped according to baseline BMI as follows: normal (BMI <25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and <30 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Disease‐free survival (DFS) was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Comparisons between treatment arms A, B, and C (chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab) were performed using a stratified Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTSAnalysis was completed on 3017 eligible patients. Obese patients were more likely to be older and postmenopausal (P < .0001 for both), to have larger tumors (P = .002), and to have positive lymph nodes (P = .004). In the pooled analysis cohort, differences in DFS among the BMI groups were statistically significant (5‐year DFS rate: 82.5%, 78.6%, and 78.5% for normal weight, overweight, and obese women, respectively; log‐rank P = .02). The adjusted hazard ratio comparing the DFS of overweight women with the DFS of normal women was 1.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.06‐1.61); and, comparing the DFS of obese women with the DFS normal women, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.07‐1.59). There were no statistically significant differences in DFS by weight group for women within any trial arm.CONCLUSIONSPatients with early stage, HER2‐positive breast cancer and normal BMI had a better 5‐year DFS compared with overweight and obese women. The current results indicated that adjuvant trastuzumab improves clinical outcome regardless of BMI. Cancer 2013;119:2447‐2454. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Toward 10 000‐fold sensitivity improvement of oligosaccharides in capillary electrophoresis using large‐volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump combined with field‐amplified sample injection
Authors: Kawai Takayuki , Ueda Masumi , Fukushima Yudai , Sueyoshi Kenji , Kitagawa Fumihiko , Otsuka Koji 
Published: April 2013

A combination of two online sample concentration techniques, large‐volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump (LVSEP) and field‐amplified sample injection (FASI), was investigated in CE to achieve highly sensitive oligosaccharide analysis. In CE with LVSEP‐FASI, analytes injected throughout the capillary were concentrated on the basis of LVSEP, followed by an electrokinetic introduction of concentrated analytes from the inlet vial by the FASI mechanism. After switching the inlet vial solution from the sample to running buffer, the concentrated analytes were then separated by CZE. In the present LVSEP‐FASI‐CZE, pressure was applied to the capillary inlet until the inlet vial solution was exchanged. The applied pressure generated a counterflow against the EOF. It kept the stacked sample zone within the capillary, minimizing loss of concentrated analytes. Fluorescein was first analyzed by LVSEP‐FASI‐CZE to optimize preconcentration condition. Up to 110 000‐fold sensitivity increase was obtained with 200 μL of sample, compared to normal CZE with sample injection of 0.3 psi for 3 s (ca. 1.7 nL). From the results, the pressure application improved the efficiency of the FASI‐mode concentration significantly at total concentration time longer than 10 min. In the analysis of maltoheptaose, a 10 000‐fold sensitivity increase was achieved, which is the highest concentration efficiency ever reported in CE of oligosaccharides. The relative standard deviations of the detection time and peak height were 2.4 and 11%, respectively. In the analysis of glucose oligomer, up to 8600‐fold sensitivity increases were achieved without reducing the separation performance of conventional CZE.
Effect of Lactose Monolaurate and High Intensity Ultrasound on Crystallization Behavior of Anhydrous Milk Fat
Authors: Wagh Ashwini , Walsh Marie K. , Martini Silvana 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCrystallization behavior of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was studied with the addition of 0.025 and 0.05 % lactose monolaurate (LML). The crystallization behavior was studied at low (ΔT = 3 °C) and high supercooling (ΔT = 6 °C). Polarized light microscopy and laser turbidimetry indicated a delay in crystallization on addition of 0.025 % and 0.05 % LML or Tween 20 to AMF. High intensity ultrasound (HIU) was applied to AMF samples with 0.05 % LML and lower supercooling (Tc = 31 °C; ΔT = 3 °C). HIU application in AMF and AMF + 0.05 % LML induced crystallization (p < 0.05) changing the induction time (τ) at 31 °C from 34.20 ± 1.67 min (AMF) and 47.07 ± 1.27 min (AMF + 0.05 % LML) to 23.23 ± 3.26 min (AMF) and 25.00 ± 0.87 min (AMF + 0.05 % LML). Melting enthalpies (ΔH) of AMF were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the ones observed for AMF + 0.05 % LML when crystallized without HIU, while enthalpy values increased significantly in AMF + 0.05 % LML samples when crystallized with HIU reaching similar values to the ones obtained for AMF without LML. The viscosity of AMF significantly decreased (p < 0.05) on addition of 0.05 % LML and significantly increased on HIU application.