bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Authors: Seneviratne Udaya , de Silva Rajith 
Published: February 2015

Summary
The Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a neuromuscular disorder characterised by defective neurotransmitter release at autonomic neurones and presynaptic terminals of the neuromuscular junction. It is caused by an IgG autoantibody formed against especially the P/Q type of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) which is an essential component of the mechanism of neurotransmitter release. Many patients have an associated small cell carcinoma of the lung which appears to provide the antigenic stimulus for antibody production, although there is another group with no underlying malignancy. Both groups show an association with immunological disorders. Assay of VGCC antibody titres and electrophysiological tests help to differentiate Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome from other disorders of the neuromuscular junction. Several drugs and therapeutic interventions capable of producing significant clinical improvement are currently available. Patients should also be investigated for underlying tumours, the specific treatment of which can result in remission or amelioration of symptoms.
Ergotism related to a single dose of ergotamine tartrate in an AIDS patient treated with ritonavir
Authors: Blanche P , Rigolet A , Gombert B , Ginsburg C , Salmon D , Sicard D 
Published: February 2015

Summary
We report a rare case of ergotism related to a single dose of ergotamine tartrate in a man with AIDS being treated with ritonavir. He was treated with a prostacyclin analogue and made a complete recovery.
A non-contact complete knee dislocation with popliteal artery disruption, a rare martial arts injury
Authors: Viswanath Y K S , Rogers I M 
Published: February 2015

Summary
Complete knee dislocation is a rare injury and an associated incidence of popliteal artery damage ranges from 16–60% of cases. It occurs commonly in road traffic accidents and in high velocity trauma where significant contact remains as the usual mode of injury. We describe a rare case of non-contact knee dislocation with popliteal artery injury sustained while practising Aikido, a type of martial art. This patient successfully underwent closed reduction of the knee with an emergency vein bypass graft. Similar injury in association with Aikido has not been described in the English literature previously. Various martial art injuries are briefly discussed and safety recommendations made.
General hospital services for deliberate self-poisoning: an expensive road to nowhere?
Authors: Kapur Navneet , House Allan , Creed Francis , Feldman Eleanor , Friedman Trevor , Guthrie Elspeth 
Published: February 2015

Summary
This study was designed to investigate the clinical and economic aspects of deliberate self-poisoning services in four teaching hospitals in Leeds, Leicester, Manchester and Nottingham. We investigated the management of the current self-harm episode, including direct in-hospital costs, in 456 individuals who presented to hospital on a total of 477 occasions with deliberate self-poisoning during a 4-week period in 1996. Fewer than half of the patients received specialist psychosocial assessment or follow-up. Patients were more likely to receive an assessment if they were already in contact with psychiatric services, had a history of previous overdoses, if they presented during working hours, or if they lived near the hospital. Patients who were admitted were nearly twice as likely to receive specialist assessment, and those who received a specialist assessment were nearly three times as likely to be offered follow-up. In-patient days and days on the intensive care unit accounted for 47% and 8% of the total costs, respectively. This study suggests that general hospital services are disorganised, with evidence of inequitable access to specialist assessment and aftercare. This state of affairs cannot be justified on financial or clinical grounds.
Recurrent proptotic diplopia due to congestive expansion of cavernous haemangioma with relapsing right-sided cardiac failure
Authors: O'Mahony Denis , O'Neill Eamon 
Published: February 2015

Summary
A 75-year-old man with a recent history of pulmonary embolism, presented with collapse followed by a gran mal seizure and right-sided non-pulsatile proptosis. On recovery, he had diplopia on lateral and upward gaze and signs of congestive cardiac failure. Further pulmonary embolism was proven by lung scintigraphy. Computed tomography of his orbits confirmed a contrast-enhancing space-occupying lesion of the medial wall of the right orbit, with no intracranial abnormality. The patient was investigated for metastatic tumour as a possible cause of the space-occupying lesion and the unprovoked thromboembolic event, but no evidence of malignancy was found. The orbital lesion was not biopsied because of the risk of bleeding from anticoagulation. Three weeks later, the patient re-presented with recurrent cardiac failure, proptosis, and diplopia. A transorbital ultrasound confirmed an encapsulated, well-defined vascular lesion, with typical appearances and Doppler flow characteristics of a cavernous haemangioma. Diuretic therapy abolished the proptosis and diplopia in tandem with relief of the cardiac failure. This is the first description of recurrent proptosis with diplopia due to recurrent congestive expansion of an orbital cavernous haemangioma.
High-dose intravenous glucagon in severe tricyclic poisoning
Authors: Sensky Penelope R , Olczak Stephen A 
Published: February 2015

Summary
A case of dothiepin poisoning complicated by cardiogenic shock is described. Hypotension was resistant to conventional inotropes but responded rapidly to high-dose intravenous glucagon. Glucagon should be considered as a useful therapeutic positive inotrope and a potentially anti-arrhythmic agent in severe tricyclic antidepressant overdose.
Management of acute myocardial infarction in general medical wards in Sri Lanka
Authors: Constantine G R , Herath J I P , Chang A A P T , Suganthan P , Hewamane B S L , Thenabadu P N 
Published: February 2015

Summary
The study was designed to evaluate the management of acute myocardial infarction in the general medical wards of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka. All patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted from September 1996 to August 1997, were evaluated with regard to the time delay in admission and drug treatment. The facilities for monitoring and resuscitation were also assessed. A total of 259 patients were included in the study, 173 males and 86 females. The median time delay from the onset of the pain to admission at the out-patients department was 12 hours and that between out-patients department admission and ward admission was 20 minutes. The median delay in obtaining a 12-lead electrocardiogram when the patient was in the ward was 90 minutes. Review of the data showed that thrombolytic therapy, beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are underused. Complications were common. All the medical wards had adequate monitoring and resuscitation facilities. With adequate training of doctors and the availability of specialised cardiac nurses, thrombolytic therapy can be used effectively in medical wards.
Mesenteric infarction due to combined protein C deficiency and prothrombin 20210 defects
Authors: Mainwaring C J , Makris M , Thomas W E G , Hampton K K , Preston F E 
Published: February 2015

Summary
The prothrombin gene mutation, 20210A, a guanine to adenine substitution at nucleotide position 20210, has recently been described as an additional risk factor for venous thromboembolic disease. We describe the case of a patient with combined heterozygous prothrombin 20210A mutation and type 1 protein C deficiency who presented with massive mesenteric venous infarction of his small bowel and survived following the use of protein C concentrate and extensive small bowel resection.
Spatially Resolved Metabolic Phenotyping of Breast Cancer by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Guenther Sabine , Muirhead Laura J. , Speller Abigail V.M. , Golf Ottmar , Strittmatter Nicole , Ramakrishnan Rathi , Goldin Robert D. , Jones Emrys , Veselkov Kirill , Nicholson Jeremy , Darzi Ara , Takats Zoltan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by varying responses to therapeutic agents and significant differences in long-term survival. Thus, there remains an unmet need for early diagnostic and prognostic tools and improved histologic characterization for more accurate disease stratification and personalized therapeutic intervention. This study evaluated a comprehensive metabolic phenotyping method in breast cancer tissue that uses desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI MSI), both as a novel diagnostic tool and as a method to further characterize metabolic changes in breast cancer tissue and the tumor microenvironment. In this prospective single-center study, 126 intraoperative tissue biopsies from tumor and tumor bed from 50 patients undergoing surgical resections were subject to DESI MSI. Global DESI MSI models were able to distinguish adipose, stromal, and glandular tissue based on their metabolomic fingerprint. Tumor tissue and tumor-associated stroma showed evident changes in their fatty acid and phospholipid composition compared with normal glandular and stromal tissue. Diagnosis of breast cancer was achieved with an accuracy of 98.2% based on DESI MSI data (PPV 0.96, NVP 1, specificity 0.96, sensitivity 1). In the tumor group, correlation between metabolomic profile and tumor grade/hormone receptor status was found. Overall classification accuracy was 87.7% (PPV 0.92, NPV 0.9, specificity 0.9, sensitivity 0.92). These results demonstrate that DESI MSI may be a valuable tool in the improved diagnosis of breast cancer in the future. The identified tumor-associated metabolic changes support theories of de novo lipogenesis in tumor tissue and the role of stroma tissue in tumor growth and development and overall disease prognosis. Cancer Res; 75(9); 1828–37. ©2015 AACR.
Caffeine and Caffeic Acid Inhibit Growth and Modify Estrogen Receptor and Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor Levels in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Rosendahl Ann H. , Perks Claire M. , Zeng Li , Markkula Andrea , Simonsson Maria , Rose Carsten , Ingvar Christian , Holly Jeff M.P. , Jernström Helena 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Epidemiologic studies indicate that dietary factors, such as coffee, may influence breast cancer and modulate hormone receptor status. The purpose of this translational study was to investigate how coffee may affect breast cancer growth in relation to estrogen receptor-α (ER) status.
Experimental Design: The influence of coffee consumption on patient and tumor characteristics and disease-free survival was assessed in a population-based cohort of 1,090 patients with invasive primary breast cancer in Sweden. Cellular and molecular effects by the coffee constituents caffeine and caffeic acid were evaluated in ER+ (MCF-7) and ER− (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells.
Results: Moderate (2–4 cups/day) to high (≥5 cups/day) coffee intake was associated with smaller invasive primary tumors (Ptrend = 0.013) and lower proportion of ER+ tumors (Ptrend = 0.018), compared with patients with low consumption (≤1 cup/day). Moderate to high consumption was associated with lower risk for breast cancer events in tamoxifen-treated patients with ER+ tumors (adjusted HR, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.26–0.97). Caffeine and caffeic acid suppressed the growth of ER+ (P ≤ 0.01) and ER− (P ≤ 0.03) cells. Caffeine significantly reduced ER and cyclin D1 abundance in ER+ cells. Caffeine also reduced the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGFIR) and pAkt levels in both ER+ and ER− cells. Together, these effects resulted in impaired cell-cycle progression and enhanced cell death.
Conclusions: The clinical and experimental findings demonstrate various anticancer properties of caffeine and caffeic acid against both ER+ and ER− breast cancer that may sensitize tumor cells to tamoxifen and reduce breast cancer growth. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1877–87. ©2015 AACR.
Free Riding and Conflict in Hybrid Shopping Environments: Implications for Retailers, Manufacturers, and Regulators
Authors: Kalyanam Kirthi , Tsay Andy A. 
Published: February 2015

Shoppers increasingly utilize multiple distribution channels. One variation of this behavior is hybrid shopping—jumping across channels in the path to a single purchase. Hybrid shopping can create coordination challenges for the distribution system. These include two types of free riding: using the presentation and services offered by a brick-and-mortar channel but maki ng the purchase in an online channel (recently termed “showrooming”) or, conversely, first obtaining information online before ultimately purchasing in a physical store. This article explores the implications of hybrid shopping for retailers and manufacturers, and their evolving responses to the prospective free riding. These include price matching, restrictions on product offerings that provide channels with some degree of exclusivity, service enhancements that leverage multichannel capabilities, and schemes that compensate channel members for contributing to the sale. For each of the developments considered, findings and responses provide implications for competition policy and antitrust.
Positive beliefs about anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia are associated with eating disorder symptomatology
Authors: Griffiths Scott , Mond Jonathan M , Murray Stuart B , Touyz Stephen 
Published: February 2015

Objective: The ego-syntonic nature of anorexia nervosa means that sufferers often deny their symptoms or experience them as positive or comforting. Positive beliefs about eating disorder symptoms may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of eating-disordered behaviour. To date, however, research in this field has been confined to women and anorexia nervosa. Given increasing scientific interest in muscle dysmorphia, a potential eating disorder with ego-syntonic qualities, there is a need to extend current research to include men and muscle dysmorphia. The present study examined whether positive beliefs about anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia were associated with more marked eating disorder symptoms and explored sex differences in these associations. Method: Male and female university students ( n = 492) read descriptions of a male or female character with clinically significant symptoms of anorexia nervosa or muscle dysmorphia. Participants subsequently answered questions about the characters and completed a measure of disordered eating. Knowledge, personal history and interpersonal familiarity with the conditions were assessed. Results: Results from two simultaneous multiple regressions showed that more positive beliefs about anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia were uniquely associated with more eating disorder symptoms for both male and female participants. Effect sizes for these relationships were medium to large (partial eta-squared = 0.09–0.10). The relationships were not moderated by the sex of the participant, nor the sex of the character. Conclusions: Although preliminary, these findings suggest that, among young men and women, positive beliefs about anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia may contribute to the development and maintenance of these conditions. Some symptoms of muscle dysmorphia may be perceived as ego-syntonic, providing another parallel with anorexia nervosa.
Guilty or Angry? The Politics of Emotion in Accounts of Hepatitis C Transmission
Authors: Seear Kate , Fraser Suzanne , Lenton Emily 
Published: February 2015

In accounts of hepatitis C, subtle distinctions are frequently made between “innocent” and “guilty” forms of transmission. Although such distinctions have been extensively critiqued, they continue to manifest in indirect ways, such as the articulation of emotions. We argue for a critical approach to the way in which emotions function in accounts of hepatitis C by analyzing textual accounts of hepatitis C, and interviews with people who have hepatitis C in Australia. Drawing upon the work of theorist Sara Ahmed, we argue that emotions work to constitute subjects, objects, and collectivities, including some individuals and excluding others. In this regard, the articulation of emotion can contribute to the marginalization and stigmatization of people living with hepatitis C. We also explore ways people with hepatitis C negotiate frameworks of guilt/responsibility. We conclude by considering how health promotion and policy texts might better address emotional responses to diagnosis without reproducing stigmatizing assuptions.
Plasma concentrations of copeptin, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin are positively correlated with APACHE II scores in patients with sepsis
Authors: Jiang Li , Feng Bing , Gao Dongna , Zhang Yu 
Published: February 2015

Objective To evaluate the correlation between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score and plasma concentrations of copeptin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin in patients with sepsis. Methods Patients with sepsis were prospectively enrolled. APACHE II scores were determined during the first 24 h after admission to the intensive care unit. Plasma copeptin, CRP and procalcitonin were quantified at admission, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Survival at 28 days after admission was recorded. Results APACHE II score was significantly positively correlated with plasma copeptin, CRP and procalcitonin concentrations. Survivors ( n = 15) had significantly lower APACHE II scores and copeptin, CRP and procalcitonin concentrations than nonsurvivors ( n = 26). APACHE II score, copeptin at 72 h, CRP at 48 h and procalcitonin at 24 h were independent risk factors for death. Conclusion Plasma copeptin, CRP and procalcitonin concentrations were positively correlated with APACHE II score in patients with sepsis, and reflected disease severity.
Synthesis of Thin Titania Photoanodes with Large Mesopores for Electricity-generating Windows
Authors: Suzuki Norihiro , Jiang Xiangfen , Malgras Victor , Yamauchi Yusuke , Islam Ashraful , Han Liyuan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Highly transparent mesoporous titania photoanodes with large mesopores and crystallized framework are synthesized by surfactant-assisted sol–gel method. The conversion efficiency of DSC with rare-metal-free dye (MK-2) reaches 2.6%, though the film thickness of photoanode is of sub-micron order (around 445 nm). The thinness of the photoanodes and the red-light transmission of the dye maintain the high transmittance of the dye-adsorbed photoanodes (around 80% for 700-nm light), demonstrates that obtained photoanodes are promising for electricity-generating windows.
How does spreading depression spread? Physiology and modeling
Authors: Zandt Bas-Jan , ten Haken Bennie , van Putten Michel J.A.M. , Dahlem Markus A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Spreading depression (SD) is a wave phenomenon in gray matter tissue. Locally, it is characterized by massive redistribution of ions across cell membranes. As a consequence, there is sustained membrane depolarization and tissue polarization that depress any normal electrical activity. Despite these dramatic events, SD remains difficult to observe in humans noninvasively, which, for long, has slowed advances in this field. The growing appreciation of its clinical importance in migraine and stroke is therefore consistent with an increasing need for computational methods that tackle the complexity of the problem at multiple levels. In this review, we focus on mathematical tools to investigate the question of spread and its two complementary aspects: What are the physiological mechanisms and what is the spatial extent of SD in the cortex? This review discusses two types of models used to study these two questions, namely, Hodgkin-Huxley type and generic activator-inhibitor models, and the recent advances in techniques to link them.
Strong Collision Induced Spin-Lattice Relaxation for Tunneling NH4-ion Systems in the Rotating Frame
Authors: Morimoto Kunihiko 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In order to calculate the rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation time T1ρ for tunneling NH4-ion systems at low temperature, a model of relaxation, which is available when γHL τr⪢1, is proposed, where HL is the local dipolar field and τr the correlation time. The present model is useful especially in two cases: (1) when the NH4-ion is relatively magnetically isolated and the assumption of a common spin temperature cannot be used. (2) when the level crossing of the NH4-ion occurs in the rotating frame. In case (1), non-single exponential relaxation is predicted. In case (2), T1ρ is shown to be proportional to τr, while the prediction of the weak collision theory is T1ρ ∞cc τr-1. The present model is compared with the strong collision theory of Slichter and Ailion.
Some Investigations of the Chemiluminescence Spectra from the Reactions of Ca and Sr with SF6
Authors: Berneike W. , Löffler H. J. , Neuert H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The appearance of the chemiluminescence spectra from the reactions of the alkaline earth metals M = Ca and Sr with SF6 is only understood by the participation of excited metal atoms in the reactions. This has been ascertained by measuring the dependence of the intensities of the metastable Ca-line 657.3 nm and of a representative CaF band on the SF6 gas pressure in the reaction chamber. By a detailed analysis of the well resolved A -X-and B - X-systems of both of the reactions some earlier values of Do(F-SF5) given in the literature can be excluded, while the recently found value (Kiang et al.) of 3.9 ±0.14 eV is well confirmed.
Nonlocal Susceptibilities and Molecular Electric Quadrupole Moments of 3-Fluoropyridine and 2,6-Difluoropyridine, a Rotational Zeeman Effect Study
Authors: Hübner D. , Stolze M. , Sutter D. H. 
Published: February 2015

The rotational Zeeman effect spectra of 3-Fluoropyridine and 2,6-Difluoropyridine have been measured. The molecular g-values are gaa = - 0.0917(5), gbb = - 0.0476(5), gcc = +0.0194(5) for 3-Fluoropyridine and gaa= -0.0573(6), gbb =0.0311(6), gcc =0.0102(6) for 2,6-Difluoro- pyridine. The values for the magnetic susceptibility anisotropics in units of 10-6 erg/(G2 mol) are 2Xaa+Xbb + Xcc = 53.3(8), 2Xbb-Xcc-Xaa = 60.5(7) for 3-Fluoropyridine and 2Xaa-Xbb -Xcc = 48.4(11), 2Xbb-Xcc-Xaa=51.7(11) for 2,6-Difluoropyridine. Subtraction of the local atom contributions to the magnetic susceptibilities indicates that Fluorine quenching of the nonlocal out of plane contribution depends on the position of the substituent. Further, the data suggest a linear correlation between X⟂
nonlocal and the “CNDO/2-π-density alternation”, which is used to predict susceptibility anisotropics of Fluorobenzenes and Fluoropyridines not yet measured.
The molecular quadrupole moments are calculated from the Zeeman data and compared with the experimental values obtained for various fluorosubstituted Pyridines and Benzenes. If the quadrupole moments perpendicular to the molecular plane are referred to the centers of the six membered rings and are plotted against the number of Fluoroine substituents, nF, the plots closely follow a straight line with identical slopes for the Pyridine- and Benzenefamilies, but with different intercepts at nF = 0. From the “nF = 0 intercept” for the Fluorobenzenes we conclude that the Benzene quadrupole moment proposed earlier by Shoemaker and Flygare should probably be revised