bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescription Ergocalciferol Dosing for Vitamin D Repletion: A Retrospective Evaluation
Authors: Vande Griend Joseph P. , McQueen Robert B. , Linnebur Sunny A. , Vondracek Sheryl F. 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy and safety of vitamin D repletion with prescription ergocalciferol and to determine patient‐specific factors that may influence the amount of ergocalciferol needed to attain vitamin D sufficiency.DesignRetrospective medical record review.SettingUniversity‐affiliated outpatient health system.PatientsA total of 1446 patients aged 18–89 years who had a prescription for ergocalciferol 50,000 IU between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2008, were identified; of these patients, 582 patients had a vitamin D concentration measured 120 days before their first prescription (baseline) and had another concentration measured 60–180 days after this prescription (follow‐up) and were deemed “first‐time users” of ergocalciferol.Measurements and Main ResultsVitamin D sufficiency was defined as a 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D) concentration of 30 ng/ml or higher. Twenty‐nine different ergocalciferol prescribing regimens were identified in the 1446 patients. For the 582 first‐time users of ergocalciferol, vitamin D concentrations increased from a mean ± SE of 17.7 ± 0.32 ng/ml at baseline to 32.9 ± 0.73 ng/ml at first follow‐up concentration, with a mean ± SE prescribed ergocalciferol dose of 63,876 ± 1973 IU given over an average of 17 weeks. Overall, 326 (56%) of the 582 first‐time users attained sufficiency with their prescribed regimen. With use of a logistic regression model to control for variables that could influence a patient's response to vitamin D, patients prescribed 50,000–100,000 IU/week were significantly more likely to attain vitamin D sufficiency compared with those prescribed less than 50,000 IU/week (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.37–4.99). Body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or higher decreased the odds of attaining vitamin D sufficiency, whereas use of a loading dose did not increase the odds of attaining sufficiency.ConclusionMany different ergocalciferol regimens were used to replace vitamin D, and overall attainment of vitamin D sufficiency appeared to be moderate. Based on our findings, an ergocalciferol regimen of 50,000–100,000 IU/week with no loading dose could be considered as a starting point for vitamin D repletion.
Changes in supportive care needs after first‐line treatment for ovarian cancer: identifying care priorities and risk factors for future unmet needs
Authors: Beesley Vanessa L. , Price Melanie A. , Webb Penelope M. , O'Rourke Peter , Marquart Louise ,   Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group,   Australian Ovarian Cancer Study–Quality of Life Study Investigators, Butow Phyllis N 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to determine changes in supportive care needs after first‐line treatment for ovarian cancer and identify risk factors for future unmet needs.MethodsTwo hundred and nineteen women with ovarian cancer were asked to complete a baseline survey 6–12 months after diagnosis then follow‐up surveys every 6 months for up to 2 years. The validated Supportive Care Needs Survey‐Short Form measured 34 needs across five domains. Logistic regression identified baseline variables associated with future needs.ResultsAt baseline, standardized median scores (possible range 0–100, least‐to‐greatest need) within the psychological, system/information, physical, patient care and sexuality need domains were 25, 20, 15, 15 and 8, respectively. The most frequently reported moderate‐to‐high unmet needs at baseline were needing help with fear about cancer spreading (25%), concerns about worries of those close (20%), being informed about things to help get well (20%), uncertainty about future (19%) and lack of energy (18%). All except the item about being informed were still reported as unmet needs by ≥15% of women 2 years later. Median health system/information, patient care and sexuality need scores decreased over 2 years (p < 0.05), whereas psychological and physical scores remained constant. Risk factors for having ≥1 moderate‐to‐high unmet overall, psychological or physical need 1–2 years after baseline included older age, advanced disease, unmet need, anxiety, depression, insomnia and less social support at baseline.ConclusionWomen with ovarian cancer report needing ongoing assistance to deal with psychological and physical needs over the first 2 years after first‐line treatment. Targeting individuals at risk of future unmet needs should be prioritized. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil Nitrogen Transformations Associated with Small Patterned‐Ground Features along a North American Arctic Transect
Authors: Kelley Alexia M. , Epstein Howard E. , Ping Chien‐Lu , Walker Donald A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTSmall patterned‐ground features (PGFs) in the Arctic have unique soil properties that vary with latitude and may greatly affect tundra biogeochemistry. Because nitrogen availability can strongly limit arctic vegetation growth, we examined how soil nitrogen transformations differ between PGFs and the surrounding inter‐PGF tundra along an arctic latitudinal gradient. We collected soils at eight sites from the Alaskan Low Arctic to the Canadian High Arctic. The soils were incubated for 21 days at 9 °C and 15 °C and analysed for changes in total inorganic nitrogen, nitrate and extractable organic nitrogen (EON). We found greater nitrogen immobilisation in the surrounding inter‐PGF soils than in the PGF soils. Along the latitudinal gradient, differences in net nitrogen mineralisation and EON cycling between PGF and inter‐PGF soils were strongly influenced by the presence of a pH boundary within the Low Arctic and the transition between the High and Low Arctic, with greater immobilisation in the nonacidic and Low Arctic sites, respectively. Incubation temperature affected EON flux but did not affect net nitrogen mineralisation or nitrification. These results show that spatial heterogeneity at several scales can influence soil nitrogen dynamics, and is therefore an important influence on arctic ecosystem function. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low temperature growth of nanocrystalline and ultrananocrystalline diamond films: A comparison
Authors: Kulisch Wilhelm , Petkov Christo , Petkov Emil , Popov Cyril , Gibson P. Neil , Veres Miklos , Merz Rolf , Merz Birgit , Reithmaier Johann Peter 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper the low temperature deposition of nanocrystalline and ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films is compared and discussed. NCD films were prepared by hot filament chemical vapor deposition from a 1% CH4/H2 mixture, while microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition was used to deposit UNCD films from a mixture of 17% CH4/N2. The resulting films have been thoroughly characterized concerning their morphology and structure by scanning electron microscopy and concerning their crystalline properties by X‐ray diffraction. The composition was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), whereas XPS and Raman spectroscopy were applied to get information on the bonding structure of the films. The most important result of this study is that the composition, structure, morphology, and bonding environment of UNCD hardly change if the deposition temperature is lowered from 770 to 530 °C or even 450 °C. In contrast, there are drastic changes of the nature of NCD films if the temperature is reduced to 700 °C or even lower. Interestingly, the sp2/sp3 ratio of the NCD films remains low and constant in the temperature range investigated. Rather, the nature of the sp2 grain boundary material undergoes drastic changes if the temperature is lowered below 700 °C. In addition, the films become inhomogeneous on a micrometer (not nanometer) scale. Possible reasons for these observations will be discussed throughout the paper.
Role of phosphorus in contact formation on silicon solar cells
Authors: Kulushich Gordana , Zapf‐Gottwick Renate , Nguyen Viet X. , Werner Jürgen H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe reveal the role of phosphorus in contact formation between screen‐printed silver paste and n‐type emitter of industrial silicon solar cells. A higher inactive phosphorus concentration at the emitter surface leads to a larger areal fraction of silver crystallites at the contact. Thus, the specific contact resistivity is reduced. Inactive P atoms support the growth of Ag crystallites into the emitter by leaving the silicon lattice and forming an alloy of Ag/P within the Ag crystallites.magnified image(© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐performance solution‐processed amorphous ZrInZnO thin‐film transistors
Authors: Chung Ya‐Wei , Chen Fang‐Chung , Chen Ying‐Ping , Chen Yu‐Ze , Chueh Yu‐Lun 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe have developed amorphous zirconium‐indium‐zinc‐oxide (ZrInZnO) as the channel layer to fabricate thin film transistors through a solution process. The best ZrInZnO transistor exhibited a field effect mobility of 3.80 cm2/Vs, an on–off ratio of ∼107, a threshold voltage of 0.44 V and a subthreshold swing of 0.42 V/dec. The function of the Zr element was investigated through electrical and thin‐film characterization. We found that Zr atoms behaved as effective carrier suppressors and the presence of Zr elements inhibited the crystallization of the InZnO phase. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stress Proneness in Molecularly Defined Long QT Syndrome: A Study Using Temperament Assessment by Behavioural Inhibition System Scale
Authors: Määttänen Ilmari , Keltikangas‐Järvinen Liisa , Swan Heikki , Toivonen Lauri , Kontula Kimmo , Hintsanen Mirka , Alatupa Saija , Hintsa Taina 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited cardiac disorder that predisposes the mutation carrier to ventricular arrhythmias that can lead to sudden death. The objective of the present study was to replicate the previous finding in terms of stress‐related temperament trait, i.e. behavioural inhibition system (BIS).The study subjects included 583 LQTS mutation carriers (256 symptomatic and 327 asymptomatic) from the Finnish LQTS registry and 79 healthy subjects randomly derived from the population‐based sample of the Young Finns Study.Symptomatic and asymptomatic LQTS mutation carriers did not differ from each other on BIS (3.27 versus 3.24, p > 0.05), whereas LQTS mutation carriers scored higher on BIS than the comparison group derived from the representative population‐based sample (3.25 versus 2.99, p = 0.003, η² = 0.014). BIS was significantly higher in women than in men (3.32 versus 3.06, p < 0.001, η² = 0.017).The results confirm our previous finding of higher stress proneness of LQTS mutation carriers. Their innate stress proneness may have relevance because it increases our understanding on the role of stress in the manifestation of symptoms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nachweisverfahren zur Tragfähigkeit überwiegend axial beanspruchter Grouted Joints in Offshore‐Tragstrukturen
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Bechtel Anne , Lochte‐Holtgreven Stephan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGrout verfüllte Rohr‐in‐Rohr‐Steckverbindungen, so genannte Grouted Joints, in aufgelösten Unterstrukturen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen in großen Wassertiefen verfügen installationsbedingt über große Spaltmaße und werden maßgeblich durch Axiallasten beansprucht. Der Nachweis ausreichender Trag‐ und Ermüdungsfestigkeit dieser Grout‐Verbindung erfolgt derzeit mittels in Offshore‐Richtlinien vorgeschlagenen Ingenieurmodellen und Nachweiskonzepten. Ursprung der Ingenieurmodelle für den Nachweis im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit sind maßstäbliche Versuche unter Axial‐ und Biegebeanspruchung an Grouted Joints mit Portlandzement‐Füllung. Anhand der für definierte Gültigkeitsgrenzen verwendbaren Ingenieurmodelle werden die Druckstrebentragfähigkeit sowie das Versagen der Groutmatrix untersucht. Bei von den Gültigkeitsgrenzen abweichender Geometrie sowie bei Einsatz moderner Hochleistungsgrouts zeigen die Ergebnisse der Modelle signifikante Abweichung zu den tatsächlichen Tragfähigkeiten. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird ein weiterentwickeltes mechanisches Ingenieurmodell vorgestellt, mit dem die Tragfähigkeiten moderner Groutmaterialien sowie Einflüsse der Umschnürungswirkung der Stahlrohre zutreffend berechnet werden können und eine einfache Abschätzung der Tragfähigkeit axial beanspruchter Grouted Joints in Offshore‐Tragstrukturen ermöglicht wird.Design of axially loaded grouted joints of offshore support structures. Grouted joints in spatial substructures of offshore wind turbines in deeper waters are prevailing axially loaded and due to installation procedures equipped with large grout annulus. Current design standards recommend the verification of the structural and fatigue behaviour using engineering models. The engineering models originate from empirical analyses and scaled tests including combined loading with Portland cement core for defined ranges of validity. The design with these formulae includes the calculation of the compression strut and the grout matrix failure. In case of deviating geometries or use of ultra high performance grouts, the actual axial strength of grouted joints is underestimated. Within this paper an enhanced engineering model based on simple structural mechanics is presented which incorporates influences of high performance grouts and confinement effects. Thus, an appropriate estimation of the axial strength for axially loaded grouted joints in offshore substructures is possible.
Metallic and plastic dye solar cells
Authors: Miettunen Kati , Halme Janne , Lund Peter 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDye solar cells (DSCs) are quite a new technology in photovoltaics. The traditional DSCs are prepared on conductively coated glass substrates in high temperature using a batch process. Manufacturing the cells on low‐cost metal and plastic substrates would enable significant cost reductions as well as roll‐to‐roll mass production. There is a selection of metals and possible conducting coatings for plastics with varying electrical, optical, and chemical properties and price. The substrate has a dominant impact on the methods and materials that can be applied to make the cell and consequently on the resulting performance of the device. Furthermore, the substrates influence significantly the stability of the device. The main issue with plastics is their permeability whereas with metals, chemical stability in the electrolyte is themain concern. The leakage of electrolyte and the impact of water intake through the plastics can be affected by the material choices in particular with the electrolyte and dye composition. In the case of the metallic electrodes, the chemical stability can be improved by choosing a corrosion‐resistant metal, applying a blocking layer or changing to a less aggressive electrolyte. One major focus of the current research of the flexible DSCs is increasing the efficiency by improved low‐temperature preparation methods and materials especially for the photoelectrode. Another significant challenge is the development of noncorrosive electrolyte and dye combinations that work well even in the presence of significant amounts of water.This article is categorized under:

Photovoltaics > Science and Materials
Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials
Top-mass effects in differential Higgs production through gluon fusion at $ O\left( {\alpha_s^4} \right) $
Authors: Harlander Robert V. , Neumann Tobias , Ozeren Kemal J. , Wiesemann Marius 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEffects from a finite top quark mass on differential distributions in the Higgs + jet production cross section through gluon fusion are studied at next-to-leading order in the strong coupling, i.e.$ O\left( {\alpha_s^4} \right) $. Terms formally subleading in 1/mtare calculated, and their influence on the transverse momentum and rapidity distribution of the Higgs boson are evaluated. We find that, for the differential K-factor, the heavy-top limit is valid at the 2-3% level as long as the transverse momentum of the Higgs remains below about 150 GeV.
A Survey of Surgical Capacity in Rural Southern Nigeria: Opportunities for Change
Authors: Henry Jaymie A. , Windapo Olubayo , Kushner Adam L. , Groen Reinou S. , Nwomeh Benedict C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundDespite growing recognition of the massive surgical burden of disease, unmet need, and disparities in access to care in many African countries, little is known about their capacity to deliver surgical, obstetric, emergency, and anesthetic care, particularly in the rural areas where up to 50 % of the population lives. This study aimed to quantify the surgical capacity of select healthcare facilities in rural southern Nigeria in five key areas: Workforce, Infrastructure, Skill, Equipment, and Supplies.MethodsWe assessed the surgical capacity of 41 private, rural hospitals in southern Nigeria using the Personnel, Infrastructure, Procedures, Equipment, and Supplies survey tool developed by Surgeons OverSeas. The survey was administered to surgical practitioners during their annual conference in November 2011.ResultsAmong the 41 hospitals surveyed, general practitioners (52.1 %) constituted most of the surgical workforce. Only one anesthesiologist was available in 16 secondary hospitals. Although most of the primary and secondary hospitals had running water (82.3 %), a designated emergency room (80.5 %), and medical records (95.9 %), only 50.3 % of all hospitals had electricity through the power grid. Also, only 37.5 % of all facilities had a blood bank and 43.8 % had an X‐ray machine. Common surgical procedures were done by most of the facilities; however, cricothyroidotomy, clubfoot repair, and obstetric fistula repair were scarcely done. Less than half of the facilities provided general anesthesia, only 20 % have an anesthesia machine, and 44.5 % have a pulse oximeter.ConclusionSevere shortages in key areas should motivate stakeholders to devote more effort and resources to strengthening surgical capacity in rural southern Nigeria.
Increased Detection of Non‐recurrent Inferior Laryngeal Nerve (NRLN) During Thyroid Surgery Using Systematic Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (IONM)
Authors: Donatini G. , Carnaille B. , Dionigi G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundNon‐recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is a rare anatomical variant with a reported incidence of 0.6–1.3 %. It carries a higher risk of palsy during thyroid surgery. Its detection is mandatory in order to avoid such complication.MethodsSystematic intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) was carried out for 806 consecutive nerve at risk (NAR) patients in two centers (Lille and Varese). In 402 patients surgery to the right side was performed with IONM. The IONM of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) was conducted as recommended by international guidelines (V1/R1/V2/R2).ResultsA NRLN was detected in 11 of 402 NAR (2.7 %). In the first center (Lille) the incidence of NRLN was 6.0 % (7/117). No loss of signal (LOS) was reported in this group of patients. Postoperative laryngoscopy was normal in all patients with NRLN.ConclusionsThe true incidence of NRLN may be higher than expected. Neurophysiology helps the surgeon to better understand the anatomy and function of nervous structures. Intraoperative neuromonitoring is a useful tool that should be systematically implemented in thyroid surgery to better understand the anatomy and physiology of the inferior laryngeal nerve. Its use may allow the surgeon to decrease the incidence of nerve palsy especially in case of NRLN. The IONM adjunct does not add significantly to the costs for thyroid surgery.
English proficiency and peer interethnic relations as predictors of math achievement among Latino and Asian immigrant students
Authors: Barrett Alice N. , Barile John P. , Malm Esther K. , Weaver Scott R. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTStudies show math achievement to be the best predictor of entering post‐secondary education. However, less is known about the predictors of math achievement, particularly among immigrant youth. This study examined English proficiency and peer interethnic relations as predictors of mathematics achievement among Latino and Asian high school students, postulating an interaction between the predictors and mediation by academic motivation. A multilevel moderated‐mediation model was used to analyze data from a national sample of 2113 non‐native English speaking Latino and Asian students attending high school in the U.S. We found that higher academic motivation mediated the relationship between English proficiency during their sophomore year and gains in senior math achievement scores for both Asian and Latino students. For Latino students however, this indirect path was only significant for students whose perceptions of positive peer interethnic relations at school were average or above average.
Correlation of first‐trimester fetal crown–rump length with outcome of pregnancy and birth weight
Authors: Vafaei Homeira , Samsami Alamtaj , Zolghadri Jaleh , Hosseini‐Nohadani Azam 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of crown–rump length (CRL) in the first trimester with low birth weight and adverse pregnancy outcome.MethodsIn a prospective cross‐sectional study, CRL was measured in 876 healthy pregnant women undergoing ultrasound evaluation between 9 and 14 weeks of gestation. Birth weight and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed for the 544 participants who met the study criteria.ResultsLow (< 2500 g) and high (> 4000 g) birth weights were correlated with the difference between actual and expected CRL expressed in days of gestation, but no correlation was found between the difference between actual and expected CRL and premature delivery. Low birth weight (P = 0.005) and abortion (P = 0.03) were also correlated with the difference between actual and expected CRL.ConclusionRoutinely measuring CRL during the first trimester to detect CRLs shorter than expected for gestational age could be useful to obstetricians. Anticipating a low birth weight and being warned about the possibility of abortion would enable them to manage prenatal care and delivery more appropriately.
State obligations to implement African abortion laws: Employing human rights in a changing legal landscape
Authors: Ngwena Charles G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWomen in the African region are overburdened with unsafe abortion. Abortion regimes that fail to translate any given abortion rights into tangible access are partly to blame. Historically, African abortion laws have been highly restrictive. However, the post‐independence era has witnessed a change toward liberalizing abortion law, even if incremental for many jurisdictions. Furthermore, Article 14 of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa has significantly augmented the regional trend toward liberalization by recognizing abortion as a human right in given circumstances. However, states are failing to implement abortion laws. The jurisprudence that is emerging from the European Court of Human Rights and United Nations treaty bodies is a tool that can be used to render African governments accountable for failure to implement domestic abortion laws.