bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between perceived discrimination and health status among frequent Emergency Department users
Authors: Baggio Stéphanie , Iglesias Katia , Hugli Olivier , Burnand Bernard , Ruggeri Ornella , Wasserfallen Jean-Blaise , Moschetti Karine , Staeger Philippe , Alary Séverine , Canepa Allen Marina , Daeppen Jean-Bernard , Bodenmann Patrick 
Published: August 2015

Objective
Frequent Emergency Department (ED) users are vulnerable individuals and discrimination is usually associated with increased vulnerability. The aim of this study was to investigate frequent ED users’ perceptions of discrimination and to test whether they were associated with increased vulnerability.

Methods
In total, 250 adult frequent ED users were interviewed in Lausanne University Hospital. From a previously published questionnaire, we assessed 15 dichotomous sources of perceived discrimination. Vulnerability was assessed using health status: objective health status (evaluation by a healthcare practitioner including somatic, mental health, behavioral, and social issues – dichotomous variables) and subjective health status [self-evaluation including health-related quality of life (WHOQOL) and quality of life (EUROQOL) – mean-scores]. We computed the prevalence rates of perceived discrimination and tested associations between perceived discrimination and health status (Fischer’s exact tests, Mann–Whitney U-tests).

Results
A total of 35.2% of the frequent ED users surveyed reported at least one source of perceived discrimination. Objective health status was not significantly related to perceived discrimination. In contrast, experiencing perceived discrimination was associated with worse subjective health status (P<0.001).

Conclusion
Frequent ED users are highly likely to report perceived discrimination during ED use, and this was linked to a decrease in their own rating of their health. Hence, discrimination should be taken into account when providing care to such users as it may constitute an additional risk factor for this vulnerable population. Perceived discrimination may also be of concern to professionals seeking to improve practices and provide optimal care to frequent ED users.
A system-wide approach from the community to the hospital for improving neurologic outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients
Authors: Hwang Won Sook , Park Jong Su , Kim Su Jin , Hong Yun Sik , Moon Sung Woo , Lee Sung Woo 
Published: August 2015

Objective
In the present study, we aimed to determine the effects of a system-wide approach from the community to the hospital in improving the neurologic outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients within Sungbuk in Korea.

Methods
This study used a before–after design. In 2011, compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for citizens, a state-wide standard dispatcher assisted-CPR protocol, medical control for regional emergency medical service (EMS), provision of high-quality advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) with capnography and extracorporeal CPR, and the standard postcardiac arrest care protocol were implemented in the system-wide CPR program. CPR provision and outcomes were compared between the 2009–2010 and the 2012–2013 periods. A multivariate logistic regression model for good outcome of OHCA was used to identify interventions with a significant impact.

Results
In total, 581 adult nontraumatic OHCA patients who received resuscitation attempts from 2009 to 2013 were selected for the analysis of CPR provision and outcomes. CPR provision improved significantly, as indicated by the following results from 2009–2010 to 2012–2013: from 15.9 to 50.4% for bystander CPR (P<0.001), 6.0 to 0% for the proportion of no documented arrest rhythm by EMS (P=0.004), 41.4 to 62.2% for ACLS with capnography (P=0.008), 1.4 to 10.5% for extracorporeal CPR (P=0.052), 3.7 to 34.4% for successful therapeutic hypothermia in coma patients (P<0.001), and 61.5 to 87.1% for immediate coronary angiography for presumed cardiac etiology (P=0.005). Moreover, the proportion of OHCA patients who received early EMS activation, bystander CPR, appropriate attempt of defibrillation at the prehospital level, high-quality ACLS, and standard postcardiac arrest care increased from 0.5% in 2009–2010 to 8.5% in 2012–2013 (P<0.001). The rates of discharge with a good neurologic outcome improved from 3.3% in 2009–2010 to 8.5% in 2012–2013 (P<0.001).

Conclusion
The system-wide CPR program was associated with enhancements in CPR performance at both the prehospital and the hospital level, and yielded improved neurologic outcomes in OHCA patients in a small region.
Pulmonary infection due to Nocardia exalbida complicated with pneumococcal pneumonia
Authors: Kiyasu Yoshihiko , Koganemaru Hiroshi , Kurihara Yoko , Hitomi Shigemi 
Published: August 2015

Introduction:

Nocardia exalbida is an uncommon Nocardia sp., first described in 2006. We report a case of pulmonary infection due to this organism, which became evident after treatment of antecedent pneumococcal pneumonia.

Case presentation:
A 68-year-old man was hospitalized because of pneumococcal pneumonia. Although his symptoms improved immediately after administration of anti-pneumococcal antibiotics, patchy opacity on the chest X-ray remained and pyrexia recurred. Administration of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, given after seropositivity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was confirmed and Nocardia-like organisms were detected from the sputa, completely resolved his symptoms. The recovered organism was identified as N. exalbida by comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, only six other cases of N. exalbida infection have been described. Most of these cases were reported from Japan, suggesting that the organism is more prevalent in this country than in other areas. The present case also highlights that underlying nocardiosis should be considered when an immunocompromised patient with acute bacterial pneumonia demonstrates refractory respiratory manifestations, despite receiving appropriate treatments.
Global business services
Authors: Wirtz Jochen , Tuzovic Sven , Ehret Michael 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the contribution of global business services (GBS) to improve productivity and economic growth of the world economy, which has gone largely unnoticed in service research.Design/methodology/approach– The authors draw on macroeconomic data and industry reports, and link them to the non-ownership concept in service research and theories of the firm.Findings– Business services explain a large share of the growth of the global service economy. The fast growth of business services coincides with shifts from domestic production toward global outsourcing of services. A new wave of GBS are traded across borders and have emerged as important drivers of growth in the world’s service sector.Research limitations/implications– This paper advances the understanding of non-ownership services in an increasingly global and specialized post-industrial economy. The paper makes a conceptual contribution supported by descriptive data, but without empirical testing.Originality/value– The authors integrate the non-ownership concept and three related economic theories of the firm to explain the role of GBS in driving business performance and the international transformation of service economies.
Understanding the usage of global social networking sites by Arabs through the lens of uses and gratifications theory
Authors: Al-Jabri Ibrahim M , Sohail M. Sadiq , Ndubisi Nelson Oly 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of the determinants and usage of global technology services in Saudi Arabia. The technology under investigation is social network technology, Twitter.

Design/methodology/approach
– Drawing upon relevant extant literature, the paper proposes a research model, which examines the relationship between personal and social factors and usage of Twitter, as well as the moderating effects of gender and user experience. Data were collected online from 281 Saudi Twitter users, and the research model was empirically tested using standard procedures.

Findings
– The findings support some of the proposed direct and moderating effects. For example, enjoyment, freedom of expression, and social interaction were found to influence Twitter usage. Gender as well as user experience has a moderating effect in the relationship between self-presentation and usage.

Research limitations/implications
– The proposed framework contributes to global (technology) services management and marketing research by integrating personal and social factors, and demographics as direct and contingent factors in understanding user acceptance of social network technologies in the Arab region. Detailed discussions of the research, managerial and contextual implications conclude the paper.

Originality/value
– The personal and social motives behind the use of social network sites in the Arab region particularly Saudi Arabia is ill understood due to a dearth of research on the region. This paper helps to bridge this research and knowledge gap.
Human appropriation of biogenic silicon – the increasing role of agriculture
Authors: Carey Joanna C. , Fulweiler Robinson W. 
Published: August 2015

Summary

Terrestrial plants create roughly 84 Tmol biogenic silicon (BSi) each year. This substantial uptake of dissolved silicon (DSi) by land plants represents an important, yet often overlooked, pathway of Si on the global scale. Agricultural crops account for ~35% of BSi created by land plants globally due to a combination of large biomass and relatively high Si concentrations in the tissue of many crops. In this review, we investigate the global importance of terrestrial BSi fixation by agricultural crops.

Using annual data from 1961 to 2012 of the 10 most important crops (ranked by mass produced globally), we quantify how agriculture has altered the amount of BSi created on land.

Over this time period, average annual BSi production by the top 10 crops tripled globally, increasing by an additional 39 Gmol Si each year. We refer to this BSi in agricultural crops as human‐appropriated biogenic Si (HABSi). Based on projected increases in human populations and land cover change, HABSi is projected to increase by 22–35% by 2050.

Human agricultural practices are increasing the size of relatively labile plant BSi pool on land. Considering its bioavailable nature, we suggest that increasing plant BSi on land has the capacity to alter Si availability in downstream receiving waters, although this depends on the fate of harvesting and threshing losses, which varies substantially across the globe. We highlight similarities between the N, P and Si cycles in agricultural settings, such as the often unidirectional flow of Si away from croplands (similar to N) and soil BSi depletion (similar to P). We then address how changing human diets will continue to alter plant BSi cycling in future decades.
The effects of an exercise programme during pregnancy on health‐related quality of life in pregnant women: a Norwegian randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gustafsson MK , Stafne SN , Romundstad PR , Mørkved S , Salvesen KÅ , Helvik A‐S 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate whether a customised exercise programme influences pregnant women's psychological wellbeing and general health perception reflecting health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in late pregnancy.DesignA two‐armed, two‐centred randomised controlled trial.SettingTrondheim and Stavanger University Hospitals, Norway.PopulationA total of 855 healthy Caucasian pregnant women.MethodsThe intervention group was offered a 12‐week exercise programme between 20 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. One weekly group session was led by physiotherapists, in addition women were encouraged to follow a home exercise programme at least twice a week. The exercise programme followed standard recommendations and included both aerobic and strength training. The control group received regular antenatal care. Pretests and post‐tests were performed at 18–22 and 32–36 weeks of pregnancy.Main outcome measuresIn the original study primary outcome was gestational diabetes mellitus, but in this report the primary outcome is HRQoL. The questionnaire Psychological General Wellbeing Index (PGWBI) was used to assess psychological wellbeing and self‐perceived general health before and after the intervention. PGWBI contains six subscales and it is also possible to summarise all items to a global score.ResultsNo association between antenatal exercise programme allocation and PGWBI (global score and subscales) was found. The study population was homogeneous and had high educational level.ConclusionsThe results indicate that offering women an exercise programme during pregnancy does not seem to influence healthy pregnant women's psychological wellbeing and self‐perceived general health. Further research is needed to investigate the effects of exercise in pregnancy on psychological wellbeing and self‐perceived general health among women from different sociocultural subgroups.Tweetable abstractExercise in pregnancy does not influence healthy pregnant women's health‐related quality of life.
An Analysis of the Characteristics of Thoracic and Abdominal Injuries Due to Gunshot Homicides in Israel
Authors: Maiden Nicholas R. , Hiss Jehuda , Gips Hadas , Hocherman Gil , Levin Nadav , Kosachevsky Olga , Vinokurov Asya , Zelkowicz Avraham , Byard Roger W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDe‐identified wound data from 197 homicidal gunshot postmortems were obtained between 2000 and 2008. Forensic ballistics data were only available for cases between 2004 and 2008. Males represent 91% of gunshot victims and were struck in the thorax/abdomen with an average of 2.3 bullets. The type of firearms involved were semi‐automatic pistols in the predominant caliber 9‐mm Luger and assault rifles in caliber 5.56 × 45 mm and caliber 7.62 × 39 mm Soviet, using full metal jacket bullets. The majority of shootings occurred at ranges of 1 m or greater. The most common bullet path was front to back in 66% of cases. Entry wounds occurred more often on the left side of the thorax, abdomen, and back. The most common critical organs/tissues to sustain bullet trauma in descending order were as follows: heart, lungs, liver, aorta, spleen, kidneys, and vena cava. Ribs were struck by most bullets that entered the thorax.
Sensory Evaluation and Electronic Tongue for Sensing Flavored Mineral Water Taste Attributes
Authors: Sipos László , Gere Attila , Szöllősi Dániel , Kovács Zoltán , Kókai Zoltán , Fekete András 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this article a trained sensory panel evaluated 6 flavored mineral water samples. The samples consisted of 3 different brands, each with 2 flavors (pear‐lemon grass and josta berry). The applied sensory method was profile analysis. Our aim was to analyze the sensory profiles and to investigate the similarities between the sensitivity of the trained human panel and an electronic tongue device. Another objective was to demonstrate the possibilities for the prediction of sensory attributes from electronic tongue measurements using a multivariate statistical method (Partial Least Squares regression [PLS]). The results showed that the products manufactured under different brand name but with the same aromas had very similar sensory profiles. The panel performance evaluation showed that it is appropriate (discrimination ability, repeatability, and panel consensus) to compare the panel's results with the results of the electronic tongue. The samples can be discriminated by the electronic tongue and an accurate classification model can be built. Principal Component Analysis BiPlot diagrams showed that Brand A and B were similar because the manufacturers use the same aroma brands for their products. It can be concluded that Brand C was quite different compared to the other samples independently of the aroma content. Based on the electronic tongue results good prediction models can be obtained with high correlation coefficient (r2 > 0.81) and low prediction error (RMSEP < 13.71 on the scale of the sensory evaluation from 0 to 100).
Discrimination of Swiss Cheese from 5 Different Factories by High Impact Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Determined by Odor Activity Value Using Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry and Odor Threshold
Authors: Taylor Kaitlyn , Wick Cheryl , Castada Hardy , Kent Kyle , Harper W. James 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSwiss cheese contains more than 200 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry has been utilized for the analysis of volatile compounds in food products; however, it is not sensitive enough to measure VOCs directly in the headspace of a food at low concentrations. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS) provides a basis for determining the concentrations of VOCs in the head space of the sample in real time at low concentration levels of parts per billion/trillion by volume. Of the Swiss cheese VOCs, relatively few have a major impact on flavor quality. VOCs with odor activity values (OAVs) (concentration/odor threshold) greater than one are considered high‐impact flavor compounds. The objective of this study was to utilize SIFT‐MS concentrations in conjunction with odor threshold values to determine OAVs thereby identifying high‐impact VOCs to use for differentiating Swiss cheese from five factories and identify the factory variability. Seventeen high‐impact VOCs were identified for Swiss cheese based on an OAV greater than one in at least 1 of the 5 Swiss cheese factories. Of these, 2,3‐butanedione was the only compound with significantly different OAVs in all factories; however, cheese from any pair of factories had multiple statistically different compounds based on OAV. Principal component analysis using soft independent modeling of class analogy statistical differentiation plots, with all of the OAVs, showed differentiation between the 5 factories. Overall, Swiss cheese from different factories was determined to have different OAV profiles utilizing SIFT‐MS to determine OAVs of high impact compounds.
Cancer in Australia 2014: Actual incidence data from 1982 to 2011 and mortality data from 1982 to 2012 with projections to 2014
Authors:   Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThe Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) is a major national agency that provides authoritative information and statistics on Australia's health and welfare. The AIHW and the Australasian Association of Cancer Registries collaborate every year to provide updated information on cancer occurrences and trends in Australia.MethodThe actual number of cases diagnosed and deaths, for all cancers combined and selected cancers, are presented from 1982 to 2011 for incidence and from 1982 to 2012 for mortality, with projections to 2014. Data on key population groups, survival, prevalence, hospitalizations and national population screening programs are also provided.ResultsIn 2014, it was estimated that 123 920 new cases of cancer (excluding basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin) were diagnosed. Prostate cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males whereas breast cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer in females. It was estimated that 45 780 deaths from cancer occurred in Australia in 2014. Lung cancer was the most common cause of cancer death in both males and females.ConclusionFrom 1982 to 2014, it was estimated that the number of new cancer cases diagnosed in Australia more than doubled from 47 417 to 123 920. More males (55%) than females (45%) were diagnosed with cancer in 2014. From 1982 to 2014, the number of people who died in Australia from cancer almost doubled from 24 922 to 45 780. In 2014, more males (57%) than females (43%) were estimated to have died from cancer.
Breastfeeding and childhood acute otitis media: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bowatte G , Tham R , Allen KJ , Tan DJ , Lau MXZ , Dai X , Lodge CJ 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimTo synthesise the evidence on the association between duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding and the risk of acute otitis media (AOM).MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis following searching of PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE electronic databases.ResultsTwenty‐four studies, all from the USA or Europe, met the inclusion criteria. In the pooled analyses, any form of breastfeeding was found to be protective for AOM in the first 2 years of life. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months was associated with the greatest protection (OR 0.57 95% CI 0.44, 0.75), followed by ‘more vs less’ breastfeeding (OR 0.67; 0.59, 0.76) and ‘ever vs never’ breastfeeding (OR 0.67; 0.56, 0.80).ConclusionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis provides evidence that breastfeeding protects against AOM until 2 years of age, but protection is greater for exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding of longer duration. Exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months was associated with around a 43% reduction in ever having AOM in the first 2 years of life. After 2 years of age, there is no evidence that breastfeeding protects against AOM; however, there were few studies and the evidence quality was low.
Re‐vegetation with native species does not control the invasive Ruellia simplex in a floodplain forest in Florida, USA
Authors: Smith Adrienne M. , Reinhardt Adams Carrie , Wiese Christine , Wilson Sandra B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractQuestionPlanting or seeding native species after control of invasive species can limit re‐invasion and hasten establishment of native species. Ruellia simplex (Mexican petunia) invades floodplain forests in Florida, and is controlled with glyphosate herbicide. Will herbicide application used to control this weed allow establishment of native vegetation and limit R. simplex?LocationFloodplain forest altered by stormwater run‐off, Lake Jesup Conservation Area, Sanford, FL, US.MethodsWe evaluated re‐vegetation following herbicide application to control R. simplex. For re‐vegetation, we planted or seeded native species (Andropogon glomeratus, Juncus effusus, Panicum longifolium, Solidago fistulosa) and measured stem density, percentage cover, above‐ground biomass and species richness for 1 yr. We compared the results to those from control plots (i.e. no herbicide, no re‐vegetation) and plots where R. simplex was sprayed with herbicide but not planted or seeded with native species.ResultsUnassisted re‐colonization (i.e. plots where R. simplex was sprayed but not planted or seeded with native species) did not result in native plant restoration. Re‐vegetation treatments (i.e. plots where R. simplex was sprayed and planted or seeded with native species) did not restore native vegetation; nor did re‐vegetation treatments reduce R. simplex stem density, percentage cover or biomass compared to control plots. However, total species richness, including native and exotic species richness, increased in plots planted with a native plug mix compared to control plots (i.e. no herbicide, no re‐vegetation). Native species failed to germinate in all seeding treatments. Plugs had adequate survival (2–57% depending on species) but did not prevent re‐invasion of R. simplex. Re‐invasion of R. simplex occurred in plots despite application of glyphosate herbicide and re‐vegetation treatments.ConclusionsRe‐vegetation by seeding or planting did not establish native vegetation in the first year, instead, R. simplex reinvaded. Abiotic and biotic site conditions, e.g. invasive species propagule pressure and altered soil nutrients, may have limited seed germination and survival of planted seedlings. More research is necessary to determine if a reduction in invasive species propagules through repeated herbicide application coupled with planting native species results in native plant restoration in the longer term.