bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feline acute Kidney injury
Authors: Monaghan Kelly , Nolan Benjamin , Labato Mary 
Published: October 2012

Practical relevance: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently recognized disease process in cats that requires immediate and aggressive intervention. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiologic processes underlying AKI and familiarity with the most common etiologies are essential for providing the most effective and timely therapy. Possessing this knowledge will also allow a more accurate prognosis to be given, and afford the best chance of a favorable outcome. Clinical challenges: Feline patients often present with vague signs of AKI, which may delay treatment and adversely affect the prognosis. Their response to injury and treatment is often different to that of other species. Audience: This two-part review article is directed at small animal practitioners as well as specialists. Part 1 reviews mechanisms underlying AKI in the cat, as well as etiologies and treatments related to some specific causes of AKI. Evidence base: The veterinary literature is limited with regards to the pathophysiology of AKI unique to the cat. However, there are numerous feline studies evaluating causes of AKI.
Feline acute kidney injury
Authors: Monaghan Kelly , Nolan Benjamin , Labato Mary 
Published: October 2012

Practical relevance: Feline acute kidney injury (AKI) is a commonly recognized problem in small animal practice that requires prompt diagnosis and directed therapy. There are many treatment methods with which practitioners should be familiar, including medical options, surgical interventions and renal replacement therapy (dialysis). It is important to know which option is most appropriate for each cause and stage of AKI to deliver the most effective therapy. Clinical challenges: AKI can cause vague clinical signs, but a vast array of life-threatening sequelae. Rapid recognition of potential complications and knowledge of treatment options is imperative for successful management. Feline patients also require an understanding of their unique physiology as it relates to the therapeutic plan. Audience: This two-part review article is directed at small animal practitioners as well as specialists. Part 2 discusses the diagnosis of AKI in cats using physical examination findings, clinicopathologic results and imaging modalities. The treatment of AKI and its sequelae is also reviewed, with information on recent advances in this area. Evidence base: While there is very limited data comparing the outcomes of various treatment options, there is literature addressing the use of several medications, as well as renal replacement therapy, in cats.
Changes in microRNAs associated with podocytic adhesion damage under mechanical stress
Authors: Li Dong , Lu Zhenyu , Jia Junya , Zheng Zhenfeng , Lin Shan 
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Podocytes can respond to various injuries, including mechanical stress secondary to diabetic nephropathy (DN), which may cause deleterious adhesive effects on podocytes. Integrin α3β1 is the major podocyte adhesion molecule. In this study, we aim to investigate α3β1 expression and identify differentially expressed microRNAs in podocytes under mechanical stress compared with normal cells and podocytes under mechanical stress treated with spironolactone, respectively. Materials and methods: Serum and glucocorticoid induced kinase 1 (SGK1), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and integrin α3β1 were detected by Western blotting. The miRNA analyses were performed by TaqMan MicroRNA Array v2.0. Genes Itga3 and Itgb1 were analyzed for miRNA binding sites within 3’UTRs using TargetScan and PicTar. Results: Protein SGK1 and MR expression were significantly increased under mechanical stress and decreased after spironolactone treatment. Podocyte α3 and β1 expression were significantly decreased under mechanical stress and increased after spironolactone treatment. MiR-124, miR-190, miR-217 and miR-188 were the overlapped miRNAs that were upregulated under mechanical stress and downregulated after spironolactone treatment. MiR-124 was found to be a predicted miRNA target site in both Itga3 and Itgb1 3’UTRs. Conclusion: These results provide a novel idea that miR-124 might play an important role in podocytic adhesion damage under mechanical stress.
Bone-Induced Chondroinduction in Sheep Jamshidi Biopsy Defects with and without Treatment by Subchondral Chitosan-Blood Implant
Authors: Bell Angela D. , Lascau-Coman Viorica , Sun Jun , Chen Gaoping , Lowerison Mark W. , Hurtig Mark B. , Hoemann Caroline D. 
Published: October 2012

Objective: Delivery of chitosan to subchondral bone is a novel approach for augmented marrow stimulation. We evaluated the effect of 3 presolidified chitosan-blood implant formulations on osteochondral repair progression compared with untreated defects. Design: In N = 5 adult sheep, six 2-mm diameter Jamshidi biopsy holes were created bilaterally in the medial femoral condyle and treated with presolidified chitosan-blood implant with fluorescent chitosan tracer (10 kDa, 40 kDa, or 150k Da chitosan, left knee) or left to bleed (untreated, right knee). Implant residency and osteochondral repair were assessed at 1 day ( N = 1), 3 weeks ( N = 2), or 3 months ( N = 2) postoperative using fluorescence microscopy, histomorphometry, stereology, and micro–computed tomography. Results: Chitosan implants were retained in 89% of treated Jamshidi holes up to 3 weeks postoperative. At 3 weeks, biopsy sites were variably covered by cartilage flow, and most bone holes contained cartilage flow fragments and heterogeneous granulation tissues with sparse leukocytes, stromal cells, and occasional adipocytes (volume density 1% to 3%). After 3 months of repair, most Jamshidi bone holes were deeper, remodeling at the edges, filled with angiogenic granulation tissue, and lined with variably sized chondrogenic foci fused to bone trabeculae or actively repairing bone plate. The 150-kDa chitosan implant elicited more subchondral cartilage formation compared with 40-kDa chitosan-treated and control defects ( P < 0.05, N = 4). Treated defects contained more mineralized repair tissue than control defects at 3 months ( P < 0.05, N = 12). Conclusion: Bone plate–induced chondroinduction is an articular cartilage repair mechanism. Jamshidi biopsy repair takes longer than 3 months and can be influenced by subchondral chitosan-blood implant.
Clofarabine in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in older adults
Authors: Tiley Stephen , Claxton David 
Published: October 2012

Objective: To review the literature evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of clofarabine as a single agent and in combination therapy for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Method: A literature search of the PubMed database (1996–April 2012) using the search terms clofarabine and acute myeloid leukemia was performed. All relevant English language articles were reviewed. Clinical trials with patients aged 50 years or older diagnosed with AML were included. Results: Two studies evaluating clofarabine as monotherapy and five studies evaluating clofarabine in combination with cytarabine were reviewed. Clofarabine demonstrated activity in older adults with AML. Response rates and median overall survival (OS) for patients receiving clofarabine were similar to those for patients receiving conventional induction chemotherapy. The induction mortality rate with clofarabine was lower than that seen with intensive chemotherapy. However, clofarabine was associated with a significant risk of severe complications including myelosuppression and sepsis. Conclusion: Clofarabine is an active agent for the treatment of older patients with AML as a single agent or in combination therapy. Based on published data and side-effect profiles, clofarabine may be an appropriate alternative to intensive chemotherapy for older patients with AML, offering similar response rates to traditional 7+3 chemotherapy with potentially decreased induction mortality. The use of clofarabine in combination with newer agents including DNA methyltransferase inhibitors like decitabine is a promising approach for older patients who are not eligible for intensive chemotherapy. Additional randomized controlled trials are needed to directly compare the efficacy of clofarabine as a single agent and in combination therapy compared with intensive chemotherapy regimens.
Effects of salt stress on ion balance and nitrogen metabolism of old and young leaves in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Wang Huan , Zhang Meishan , Guo Rui , Shi Decheng , Liu Bao , Lin Xiuyun , Yang Chunwu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundIt is well known that salt stress has different effects on old and young tissues. However, it remains largely unexplored whether old and young tissues have different regulatory mechanism during adaptation of plants to salt stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether salt stress has different effects on the ion balance and nitrogen metabolism in the old and young leaves of rice, and to compare functions of both organs in rice salt tolerance.ResultsRice protected young leaves from ion harm via the large accumulation of Na+and Cl−in old leaves. The up-regulation ofOsHKT1;1,OsHAK10andOsHAK16might contribute to accumulation of Na+in old leaves under salt stress. In addition, lower expression ofOsHKT1;5andOsSOS1in old leaves may decrease frequency of retrieving Na+from old leaf cells. Under salt stress, old leaves showed higher concentration of NO3−content than young leaves. Up-regulation ofOsNRT1;2, a gene coding nitrate transporter, might contribute to the accumulation of NO3−in the old leaves of salt stressed-rice. Salt stress clearly up-regulated the expression ofOsGDH2andOsGDH3in old leaves, while strongly down-regulated expression ofOsGS2andOsFd-GOGATin old leaves.ConclusionsThe down-regulation ofOsGS2andOsFd-GOGATin old leaves might be a harmful response to excesses of Na+and Cl−. Under salt stress, rice might accumulate Na+and Cl−to toxic levels in old leaves. This might influence photorespiration process, reduce NH4+production from photorespiration, and immediately down-regulate the expression ofOsGS2andOsFd-GOGATin old leaves of salt stressed rice. Excesses of Na+and Cl−also might change the pathway of NH4+assimilation in old leaves of salt stressed rice plants, weaken GOGAT/GS pathway and elevate GDH pathway.
Tenotomy versus Tenodesis in the treatment of the long head of biceps brachii tendon lesions
Authors: Galasso Olimpio , Gasparini Giorgio , De Benedetto Massimo , Familiari Filippo , Castricini Roberto 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe superiority of tenotomy vs. tenodesis for surgery on lesions of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon is still under debate. Indeed, high-quality evidence is lacking, mainly because of methodological problems, such as retrospective design, population sample size or lack of patient randomization.Methods/DesignThe study will be a two-center, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to compare patients treated with biceps tenotomy or tenodesis for lesions of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon over a 2-year follow-up period. The study participants will be 128 adults with biceps brachii tendinopathy and supraspinatus tendon tears. The primary end point will be the postoperative difference in the Constant-Murley score (CMS) between the 2 groups at the two-year follow-up. A comparison of the mean improvement with standard age- and gender-related CMS will be performed. The secondary end point will be evaluation of the postoperative general health of patients, as evaluated with Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores. The number and severity of complications associated with use of the different surgical techniques will be assessed.DiscussionThis study will be the first randomized and appropriately powered clinical trial to directly compare tenotomy and biceps tenodesis. The results of this study will help to establish clinical practice guidelines for patients suffering from lesions of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon, providing important information to patients and health care providers about the possible complications, outcome predictors and effectiveness of the targeted interventions.Trial RegistrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN38839558
Cloning, sequence analysis, expression of Cyathus bulleri laccase in Pichia pastoris and characterization of recombinant laccase
Authors: Garg Neha , Bieler Nora , Kenzom Tenzin , Chhabra Meenu , Ansorge-Schumacher Marion , Mishra Saroj 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Laccases are blue multi-copper oxidases and catalyze the oxidation of phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. There is considerable interest in using these enzymes for dye degradation as well as for synthesis of aromatic compounds. Laccases are produced at relatively low levels and, sometimes, as isozymes in the native fungi. The investigation of properties of individual enzymes therefore becomes difficult. The goal of this study was to over-produce a previously reported laccase from Cyathus bulleri using the well-established expression system of Pichia pastoris and examine and compare the properties of the recombinant enzyme with that of the native laccase.

Results
In this study, complete cDNA encoding laccase (Lac) from white rot fungus Cyathus bulleri was amplified by RACE-PCR, cloned and expressed in the culture supernatant of Pichia pastoris under the control of the alcohol oxidase (AOX)1 promoter. The coding region consisted of 1,542 bp and encodes a protein of 513 amino acids with a signal peptide of 16 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the matured protein displayed high homology with laccases from Trametes versicolor and Coprinus cinereus. The sequence analysis indicated the presence of Glu 460 and Ser 113 and LEL tripeptide at the position known to influence redox potential of laccases placing this enzyme as a high redox enzyme. Addition of copper sulfate to the production medium enhanced the level of laccase by about 12-fold to a final activity of 7200 U L-1. The recombinant laccase (rLac) was purified by ~4-fold to a specific activity of ~85 U mg-1 protein. A detailed study of thermostability, chloride and solvent tolerance of the rLac indicated improvement in the first two properties when compared to the native laccase (nLac). Altered glycosylation pattern, identified by peptide mass finger printing, was proposed to contribute to altered properties of the rLac.

Conclusion
Laccase of C. bulleri was successfully produced extra-cellularly to a high level of 7200 U L-1 in P. pastoris under the control of the AOX1 promoter and purified by a simple three-step procedure to homogeneity. The kinetic parameters against ABTS, Guaiacol and Pyrogallol were similar with the nLac and the rLac. Tryptic finger print analysis of the nLac and the rLac indicated altered glycosylation patterns. Increased thermo-stability and salt tolerance of the rLac was attributed to this changed pattern of glycosylation.
No effect modification of serum bilirubin or coffee consumption on the association of gamma-glutamyltransferase with glycated hemoglobin in a cross-sectional study of Japanese men and women
Authors: Wang Zhenjie , McMonagle Christopher , Yoshimitsu Shinichiro , Budhathoki Sanjeev , Morita Makiko , Toyomura Kengo , Ohnaka Keizo , Takayanagi Ryoichi , Kono Suminori 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bilirubin is a potent endogenous antioxidant, and coffee is a major source of exogenous antioxidants. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), a marker of oxidative stress, is a strong predictor of the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study evaluated the effect modification of bilirubin and coffee consumption on the association of serum GGT with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the combined effect of bilirubin and coffee on HbA1c concentrations.

Methods
The subjects were 4492 men and 6242 women aged 49–76 years who participated in the baseline survey of an on-going cohort study on lifestyle-related diseases in Fukuoka, Japan. Geometric means of HbA1c were examined according to quartile categories of GGT, with stratification by serum total bilirubin (≥ 0.6 mg/dL versus less in men and ≥ 0.5 mg/dL versus less in women) and coffee consumption (< 1, 1–3 and ≥ 4 cups of per day). Statistical adjustment was made for age, smoking, alcohol use and body mass index by using analysis of covariance.

Results
HbA1 concentrations increased progressively with increasing levels of GGT in both men and women. The increasing trend of HbA1c concentrations associated with GGT did not differ by either bilirubin status or coffee consumption. Both men and women with high bilirubin had consistently lower concentrations of HbA1c across the GGT quartiles. Higher coffee consumption was associated with lower concentrations of HbA1c in women with low bilirubin (trend P = 0.04), but not with high bilirubin (trend P = 0.37). There was no such association between coffee and HbA1c in men with either low or high bilirubin levels.

Conclusions
Bilirubin is possibly protective against deterioration of glucose metabolism. Further studies are needed regarding the combined effect of bilirubin and coffee on glucose metabolism.
In vivo modification of tyrosine residues in recombinant mussel adhesive protein by tyrosinase co-expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Choi Yoo Seong , Yang Yun Jung , Yang Byeongseon , Cha Hyung Joon 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
In nature, mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) show remarkable adhesive properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Thus, they have been considered promising adhesive biomaterials for various biomedical and industrial applications. However, limited production of natural MAPs has hampered their practical applications. Recombinant production in bacterial cells could be one alternative to obtain useable amounts of MAPs, although additional post-translational modification of tyrosine residues into 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-alanine (Dopa) and Dopaquinone is required. The superior properties of MAPs are mainly attributed to the introduction of quinone-derived intermolecular cross-links. To solve this problem, we utilized a co-expression strategy of recombinant MAP and tyrosinase in Escherichia coli to successfully modify tyrosine residues in vivo.

Results
A recombinant hybrid MAP, fp-151, was used as a target for in vivo modification, and a dual vector system of pET and pACYC-Duet provided co-expression of fp-151 and tyrosinase. As a result, fp-151 was over-expressed and mainly obtained from the soluble fraction in the co-expression system. Without tyrosinase co-expression, fp-151 was over-expressed in an insoluble form in inclusion bodies. The modification of tyrosine residues in the soluble-expressed fp-151 was clearly observed from nitroblue tetrazolium staining and liquid-chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry analyses. The purified, in vivo modified, fp-151 from the co-expression system showed approximately 4-fold higher bulk-scale adhesive strength compared to in vitro tyrosinase-treated fp-151.

Conclusion
Here, we reported a co-expression system to obtain in vivo modified MAP; additional in vitro tyrosinase modification was not needed to obtain adhesive properties and the in vivo modified MAP showed superior adhesive strength compared to in vitro modified protein. It is expected that this co-expression strategy will accelerate the use of functional MAPs in practical applications and can be successfully applied to prepare other Dopa/Dopaquinone-based biomaterials.
Integrated vector management targeting Anopheles darlingi populations decreases malaria incidence in an unstable transmission area, in the rural Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Martins-Campos Keillen M , Pinheiro Waléria D , Vítor-Silva Sheila , Siqueira André M , Melo Gisely C , Rodrigues Íria C , Fé Nelson F , Barbosa Maria das Graças V , Tadei Wanderli P , Guinovart Caterina , Bassat Quique , Alonso Pedro L , Lacerda Marcus VG , Monteiro Wuelton M 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Studies on vector behaviour should be conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of vector control measures on malaria protection in endemic areas of Latin America, where P. vivax predominates. This work aims to investigate the fauna of anopheline mosquitoes and verify the impact of integrated vector management in two colonization projects in the Careiro Municipality, Western Brazilian Amazon.

Methods
Four mosquitoes’ captures were carried out from August 2008 to March 2010, with an interval of six months between each collection. Since September 2009 a large programme to reduce the burden of malaria has started in the two communities by distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN) and intensification of indoor residual spraying (IRS). Human biting rates (HBRs), entomological inoculation rates (EIRs), malaria incidence rate (MIR) and Plasmodium carrier’s prevalence were used as outcomes to estimate the impact of the control measures.

Results
A total of 3,189 anophelines were collected, belonging to 13 species. Anopheles darlingi was the predominant species in the period (42.6%), followed by Anopheles albitarsis (38.4%). An. darlingi HBRs showed a notable decreasing trend from the start to the end of the study. Conversely, An. albitarsis increased its contribution to overall HBRs throughout the study. For An. darlingi there was a significant positive correlation between HBRs and MIR (p = 0.002). Anopheles albitarsis HBRs showed a significant negative correlation with the corresponding MIR (p = 0.045). EIR from total anophelines and from An. darlingi and An. albitarsis presented decreasing patterns in the successive collections. Four species of anophelines (An. darlingi, An. albitarsis, Anopheles braziliensis and Anopheles nuneztovari) were naturally infected with Plasmodium, albeit at very low infection rates. There were a decrease in the MIR for both vivax and falciparum malaria and in the prevalence of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum carriers during the period of study.

Conclusions
There is strong evidence of association between the density of An. darlingi and the incidence of malaria in the studies sites, further highlighting the importance of this vector in malaria transmission in this region. An. darlingi susceptibility to control using ITN and IRS is likely to be high in the rural settlements studied.