bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expanding role ofPARPs in the establishment and maintenance of heterochromatin
Authors: Dantzer Françoise , Santoro Raffaella 
Published: June 2013

Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are enzymes that transfer poly(ADP‐ribose) (PAR) groups to target proteins, and thereby affect various nuclear and cytoplasmic processes. The activity ofPARPfamily members, such asPARP1 andPARP2, is tied to cellular signalling pathways, and, through poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation, they ultimately promote changes in chromatin architecture, gene expression, and the location and activity of proteins that mediate signalling responses. A growing body of evidence suggest thatPARPs, particularlyPARP1 andPARP2, also operate at heterochromatic regions such as the inactiveX chromosome, telomeres, pericentric heterochromatin and silent ribosomalRNA(rRNA) genes. Both proteins localize to heterochromatic sites and often associate with or poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ate histones and heterochromatin‐binding proteins, thereby modulating their activities. In this review, we describe current knowledge concerning the role ofPARPs in establishment and inheritance of heterochromatic structures, and highlight how their contribution affects biological outcomes.
Laser capture microdissection shows HPV11 as both a causal and a coincidental infection in cervical cancer specimens with multiple HPV types
Authors: Guimerà Núria , Lloveras Belen , Alemany Laia , Iljazovic Ermina , Shin Hai‐Rim , Jung‐Il Suh , de Sanjose Silvia , Jenkins David , Bosch F Xavier , Quint Wim 
Published: June 2013

AimsTo identify, by laser capture microdissection (LCM), the cellular localization of HPV11 when present with carcinogenic HPV in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) specimens, and to relate this to p16INK4a expression.Methods and resultsThree squamous cell ICC specimens showing coinfection with HPV11 and carcinogenic HPV16 or HPV31 were selected from the Institut Català d'Oncologia international survey of anogenital carcinomas, and coinfection was confirmed by SPF10‐DEIA‐LiPA25 analysis. In two cases LCM‐PCR identified HPV11 in low‐grade and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) adjacent to the ICC, and HPV16 or HPV31 in the ICC. In one case, HPV11 was the only genotype found in the ICC. P16INK4a expression was diffuse in ICC associated with carcinogenic HPV, but focal in ICC with HPV11.ConclusionsOur results confirm that a single cervical, cancerous or precancerous lesion is associated with a single HPV type. Detecting low‐risk HPV as a coinfection in whole tissue from ICC does not prove a causal association. HPV11 may be found only in an adjacent SIL with carcinogenic HPV in the ICC. It is also found alone in carcinoma. LCM‐PCR and differential P16INK4a expression can clarify the causal role of each type when multiple HPVs are present in whole tissue from carcinomas.
Breastfeeding guidance in community pharmacies: The results of a mystery shopper study
Authors: Maher Judith , Hughes Roger 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAim:  To assess the nature and quality of breastfeeding‐related guidance provided by community‐based pharmacy staff.Methods:  A covert observational ‘mystery shopper’ study of 66 randomly selected community pharmacies was employed to assess actual breastfeeding guidance practices among pharmacy staff. A female mystery shopper used a scripted scenario designed to explore guidance practices relevant to breastfeeding promotion. Pharmacy staff: mystery shopper interactions were documented immediately following the exchange by the mystery shopper and a second shadow observer. These records were qualitatively analysed against a predetermined good practice framework of guidance expected for this scenario.Results:  Of 66 pharmacies visited, the mystery shopper consulted with 18 pharmacists and 48 pharmacy assistants. Pharmacies visited included an equal mix of chain and independent pharmacies. The mean length of each mystery shopper to pharmacy staff interaction was 2.3 minutes (range of 0.5–10 minutes). In only 9 of 66 interactions was printed educational or product information provided to complement verbal advice. Most of this material (6/9) related to infant formula product information. Analysis of the content of guidance provided indicates limited advice being given regarding breastfeeding perseverance when confronted with breastfeeding difficulties (4/66), with most interactions involving direct advice regarding brands of infant formula to use.Conclusions:  The quality of guidance provided by pharmacy staff in the context of breastfeeding promotion suggests a need for multistrategy intervention in the pharmacy setting and identifies a potential opportunity for collaborative interventions between nutrition, nursing and pharmacy practitioners to enhance infant‐feeding guidance.
Varying influence of climate and aspect as controls of montane forest fire regimes during the late Holocene, south‐eastern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Courtney Mustaphi Colin J. , Pisaric Michael F. J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTop‐down (climatic) controls of fire occurrence are expected to homogenize fire regimes in a given area over long (millennial) temporal scales. Previous investigations in south‐eastern British Columbia have shown that bottom‐up (local site) factors can override long‐term climate as a dominant control. Here, we examine the interactions between fire regime controls using five 5000‐year‐long lake sediment records.LocationAll lakes are located in separate watersheds within a 550‐km2region ofEngelmann spruce–subalpine fir forest in theColumbia Mountains,BritishColumbia, Canada.MethodsSedimentary macroscopic (> 150 μm) charcoal analysis was used to produce local fire history records. Fire events were identified by decomposing the charcoal concentration series using the programCharAnalysis. We analysed the temporal coherence of the reconstructed fire events and the distributions of the fire return intervals at all sites and pooled sites by their north‐facing or south‐facing aspect.ResultsSince 5000 cal. yrbp, fire frequency was highest between 4250 and 2750 cal. yrbpand lowest from 750 cal. yrbpto the present. Median fire return intervals were shorter on the warmer and drier south‐facing slopes (135–190 years) and longer on the cooler and moister north‐facing slopes (226–241 years). Significant synchrony existed between sites with similar aspect, but no synchrony was found at sites with opposing aspect, providing evidence for the importance of bottom‐up controls. Smoothed fire frequencies suggested that the influence of aspect varied throughout the period and that the importance of aspect could be overridden by other controls. The asynchrony between sites with opposite aspects suggests that local conditions for fire are important spatial controls on the fire regime.Main conclusionsAspect is an important bottom‐up control of fire regimes in mid‐elevation forests and its influence varies through time. The variability of climate–fire–vegetation interactions in the region needs to be investigated to understand the importance of top‐down and bottom‐up controls.
Association Between a Low Ankle–Brachial Index and Dementia in a General Elderly Population in Central Africa (Epidemiology of Dementia in Central Africa Study)
Authors: Guerchet Maëlenn , Mbelesso Pascal , Mouanga Alain M. , Tabo André , Bandzouzi Bébène , Clément Jean‐Pierre , Lacroix Philippe , Preux Pierre‐Marie , Aboyans Victor 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and dementia in native elderly African populations.DesignTwo successive door‐to‐door cross‐sectional surveys in the general population.SettingsRepresentative districts of Bangui (Central African Republic) and Brazzaville (Republic of Congo).ParticipantsPopulation aged 65 and older.MeasurementsPeripheral arterial disease was defined as an ankle–brachial index (ABI) of 0.90 or less. Cognitive screening was performed using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia and the Five‐Word Test. Diagnosis of dementia was confirmed after further neuropsychological tests and neurological examination according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to quantify the association between PAD and dementia in those populations, with adjustments for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other variables.ResultsA significant association was observed between PAD and prevalent dementia (odds ratio (OR) = 2.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.44–4.13, P = .001), even after adjustment for age, city, sex, CVD risk factors, education, and depressive disorders (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.31–4.26, P = .004). This association was stronger with lower ABI.ConclusionThese findings support the hypothesis of a link between atherosclerosis (represented by a low ABI) and cognitive disorders in native Africans and are similar to previous reports in African Americans and other ethnic groups.
Topically delivered dissolved oxygen reduces inflammation and positively influences structural proteins in healthy intact human skin
Authors: Kellar Robert S , Audet Robert G , Roe David F , Rheins Lawrence A , Draelos Zoe Diana 
Published: June 2013

SummaryBackgroundAs oxygen is essential for wound healing and there is limited diffusion across the stratum corneum into the epidermis, we wanted to evaluate whether the topical delivery of a total dissolved oxygen in dressing form on intact human subject skin would improve clinical and histologic skin functioning.AimsFifty normal, healthy subjects completed a pilot clinical evaluation to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a dissolved oxygen dressing (OxygeneSys™‐Continuous) to improve the health and appearance of intact skin.MethodsClinical analysis was performed on 50 subjects; histological and gene expression analysis was performed on 12 of the 50 subjects to assess the effect of the dissolved oxygen dressing.ResultsClinical data demonstrate that the dressing is well tolerated, and several measures of skin health and integrity showed improvements compared with a control dressing site. Skin hydration measurements showed a statistically significant increase in skin hydration at 0–4, 4–8, and 0–8 weeks (P < 0.05 at each time point). The blinded clinical investigator's grading of desquamation, roughness, and skin texture show significant decreases from baseline to the 8‐week time point (P < 0.05). The dressings were removed prior to the blinded clinical investigator's grading. These data were supported by the histological and gene expression studies, which showed a general reduction in inflammatory response markers and transcription products (IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐alpha, MMP‐1, and MMP‐12), while facilitating a general increase in structural skin proteins (collagen I, elastin, and filaggrin). Additionally, p53 signals from biopsy samples support the clinical investigator's observations of no safety concerns.ConclusionThe data from this study demonstrate that the dressing has no deleterious effects and stimulates beneficial effects on intact, nonwounded skin.
Study of the etiopathogenesis and differential diagnosis of oral vascular lesions by immunoexpression of GLUT‐1 and HIF‐1α
Authors: de Oliveira Denise Hélen Imaculada Pereira , Silveira Éricka Janine Dantas da , de Medeiros Ana Miryam Costa , Alves Pollianna Muniz , Queiroz Lélia Maria Guedes 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundTo investigate whether the immunohistochemical expression of GLUT‐1 and HIF‐1α is related to the diagnosis and pathogenesis of oral vascular lesions.Study MethodsThirty cases each of pyogenic granuloma (PG) and hemangioma were studied. Antibodies against GLUT‐1 and HIF‐1α were detected by immunoperoxidase staining in 3‐μm histological sections, and the results were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, respectively. Positive and negative cells were counted, and the mean number of positive cells was calculated for each case.ResultsThe initial diagnosis of hemangioma was maintained in only 7 (23%) of the 30 cases studied, which were positive for GLUT‐1. The remaining 23 cases were reclassified as vascular malformation (VM) (n = 13) and PG (n = 10) due to the absence of staining. The endothelium of blood vessels was negative for GLUT‐1 in all cases initially diagnosed as PG (n = 30). The percentage of HIF‐1α‐positive cells was higher in cases of PG, followed by hemangiomas and VMs (P = 0.005).ConclusionsHistological features are not sufficient to establish the correct diagnosis of oral hemangiomas, and an accurate anamnesis is essential in these cases. In addition, these findings demonstrate that vascular lesions express mediators of angiogenesis, HIF‐1α, and suggest that his process may play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular.
Stem‐cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy: a pilot study evaluating retrograde coronary venous delivery
Authors: Pogue B. , Estrada A. H. , Sosa‐Samper I. , Maisenbacher H. W. , Lamb K. E. , Mincey B. D. , Erger K. E. , Conlon T. J. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate retrograde coronary venous stem‐cell delivery for Dobermanns with dilated cardiomyopathy.MethodsRetrograde coronary venous delivery of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells transduced with tyrosine mutant adeno‐associated virus 2 to express stromal‐derived factor‐1 was performed in Dobermanns with dilated cardiomyopathy. Cases were followed for 2 years and electrocardiograms (ECG), echocardiograms and Holter monitoring were performed.ResultsDelivery of cells was feasible in 15 of 15 dogs. One dog died following the development of ventricular fibrillation 24 hours after cell delivery. The remaining 14 dogs were discharged the following day without complications. Echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular size and function showed continued progression of disease. On the basis of Kaplan–Meier product limit estimates, median survival for dogs following stem‐cell delivery was 620 days (range of 1–799 days). When including only the occult‐dilated cardiomyopathy population and excluding those dogs already in congestive heart failure, median survival was 652 days (range of 46–799 days).Clinical SignificanceRetrograde venous delivery of tyrosine mutant adeno‐associated virus 2‐stromal‐derived factor‐1 adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells appears safe. Stem‐cell therapy in dogs with occult‐dilated cardiomyopathy does not appear to offer advantage compared to recently published survival data in similarly affected Dobermanns.
Alteration of benthic communities associated with copper contamination linked to boat moorings
Authors: Neira Carlos , Levin Lisa A. , Mendoza Guillermo , Zirino Alberto 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlthough copper (Cu) is an essential element for life, leaching from boat paint can cause excess environmental loading in enclosed marinas. The effects of copper contamination on benthic macrofaunal communities were examined in threeSanDiegoBay marinas (America'sCup,HarborIslandWest andEast) inSouthernCalifornia,USA. The distribution ofCu concentration in sediments exhibited a clear spatial gradient, with hotspots created by the presence of boats, which in two marinas exceeded the effect range medium (ERM). Elevated sedimentCu was associated with differences in benthic assemblages, reduced species richness and enhanced dominance inAmerica'sCup andHarborIslandWest, whereasHarborIslandEast did not appear to be affected. At sites without boats there were greater abundances of some amphipods such as the speciesDesdimelitasp.,Harpiniasp.,Aoroidessp.,Corophiumsp.,Podocerussp., bivalves such asLyonsia californica,Musculista senhousia,Macomasp., and polychaetes such asDiplocirrussp. In contrast, at sites with boats, densities ofPseudopolydora paucibranchiata,Polydora nuchalis,Euchone limnicola,Exogone lourei,Tubificoidesspp. were enhanced. The limited impact onHarborIslandEast suggests not only lowerCu input rates and increased water flushing and mixing, but also the presence of adequate defense mechanisms that regulate availability and mitigate toxic impacts. At all three marinas,Cu in tissues of several macrobenthic species exhibitedCu bioaccumulation above levels found in the surrounding environment. The annelidsLumbrinerissp. andTubificoidesspp., and the amphipodDesdimelitasp. contained high levels ofCu, suggesting they function asCu bioaccumulators. The spionid polychaetesPolydora nuchalisandPseudopolydora paucibranchiatahad much lower Cu concentrations than surrounding sediments, suggesting they function as Cu bioregulators. The macrobenthic invertebrates inSanDiegoBay marinas that tolerateCu pollution (e.g.P. nuchalis,P. paucibranchiata,Euchone limnicola,Typosyllissp.,Tubificoidessp.) may function as indicators of high‐Cu conditions, whereas the presence ofCu‐sensitive species (e.g.Podocerussp.,Aoroidessp.,Harpiniasp.,Macomasp.,Lyonsia californica) may indicate healthier conditions (lessCu‐stressed). Parallel responses by faunas ofShelterIslandYachtBasin, also inSanDiegoBay, suggest potential for development of regionalCu contamination assessment criteria, and call for functional comparisons with other marinas and coastal water bodies.
Lithologic mapping of HED terrains on Vesta using Dawn Framing Camera color data
Authors: Thangjam Guneshwar , Reddy Vishnu , Le Corre Lucille , Nathues Andreas , Sierks Holger , Hiesinger Harald , Li Jian‐Yang , Sanchez Juan A. , Russell Christopher T. , Gaskell Robert , Raymond Carol 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe surface composition of Vesta, the most massive intact basaltic object in the asteroid belt, is interesting because it provides us with an insight into magmatic differentiation of planetesimals that eventually coalesced to form the terrestrial planets. The distribution of lithologic and compositional units on the surface of Vesta provides important constraints on its petrologic evolution, impact history, and its relationship with vestoids and howardite‐eucrite‐diogenite (HED) meteorites. Using color parameters (band tilt and band curvature) originally developed for analyzing lunar data, we have identified and mapped HED terrains on Vesta in Dawn Framing Camera (FC) color data. The average color spectrum of Vesta is identical to that of howardite regions, suggesting an extensive mixing of surface regolith due to impact gardening over the course of solar system history. Our results confirm the hemispherical dichotomy (east‐west and north‐south) in albedo/color/composition that has been observed by earlier studies. The presence of diogenite‐rich material in the southern hemisphere suggests that it was excavated during the formation of the Rheasilvia and Veneneia basins. Our lithologic mapping of HED regions provides direct evidence for magmatic evolution of Vesta with diogenite units in Rheasilvia forming the lower crust of a differentiated object.
End‐of‐Life Care in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: A MADIT‐II Substudy
Authors: SHERAZI SAADIA , MCNITT SCOTT , AKTAS MEHMET K. , POLONSKY BRONISLAVA , SHAH ABRAR H. , MOSS ARTHUR J. , DAUBERT JAMES P. , ZAREBA WOJCIECH 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundImplantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)‐delivered shocks can cause substantial distress, warranting consideration of ICD deactivation at end of life. This study was designed to describe the patterns of end‐of‐life management in patients with ICDs.MethodsThere was a retrospective chart review of 98 patients who died in the ICD arm of multicenter automated defibrillator implantation trial II (MADIT II). The pattern of ICD management and the frequency of ICD shocks delivered before death were reviewed.ResultsWe identified three groups: Group 1 consisting of individuals who underwent ICD, deactivation, 15 (15%); Group 2 patients without ICD deactivation who were in hospice or with “do not resuscitate” (DNR) orders, 36 (37%); and Group 3 patients without ICD deactivation who were not in hospice care and did not have DNR orders, 47 (48%). Out of 15 deactivations, 11 (73%) occurred in the week before death. None of the patients in Group 1 received an ICD shock in the 24‐hour period before death. However, one (3%) patient from Group 2 and nine (19%) patients from Group 3 had shocks during the 24 hours before death (P = 0.03). In the last week before death, three (20%), two (6%), and six (13%) patients received ICD shocks in the three groups, respectively (P = 0.28).ConclusionsIn patients with terminal conditions who are at risk for imminent death, active management of the patient's ICD, including timely discussions regarding ICD deactivation, may reduce the risk of ICD shocks during the end of life.
Frequencies, Costs, and Complications of Catheter Ablation for Tachyarrhythmias in Children: 2000–2009
Authors: DESAI VIBHA C.A. , KELTON CHRISTINA M.L. , CZOSEK RICHARD J. , HEATON PAMELA C. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundOver the past two decades, catheter ablation (CA) has revolutionized the treatment of tachyarrhythmias in children by providing a relatively safe and effective alternative to open heart surgery or lifelong pharmacotherapy. This study (1) described national trends in pediatric CAs and their associated costs and complications and (2) predicted the likelihood of major complications based on patient and hospital characteristics.MethodsInpatient data were obtained from the Kids’ Inpatient Database for the years 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009. Outpatient data were obtained from the California, Maryland, and New Jersey State Ambulatory Surgery Databases for the years 2006 and 2009. Logistic regression was used to predict the odds of major complications from CA.ResultsThere was a 20% increase (4,134–4,967) in the number of pediatric CAs performed from 2006 to 2009 that was concomitant with a decrease in the percentage of those procedures being performed as inpatient procedures (2,254–1,846). In 2009, a complication rate of 4.81% was estimated. For inpatient CAs, higher risk patients (with congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, or heart transplant), ablations for ventricular tachycardias, and low‐CA‐volume hospitals were associated with increased risk of complications. In 2009, the mean cost of a hospitalization involving CA, but no cardiac surgery, was $17,204 (standard error = $1,015).ConclusionsCA has increasingly been used over the past decade for pediatric patients with a multitude of tachycardia mechanisms. There continues to be a small risk of major complications, especially for higher risk children and in hospitals with more limited experience with the procedure.
Intracellular localization and induction of a dynamic RNA‐editing event of macro‐algal V‐ATPase subunit A (VHA‐A) in response to copper
Authors: MORRIS C. A. , OWEN J. R. , THOMAS M. C. , EL‐HITI G. A. , HARWOOD J. L. , KILLE P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA V‐ATPase subunit A protein (VHA‐A) transcript together with a variant (C793 to U), which introduces a stop codon truncating the subunit immediately downstream of its ATP binding site, was identified within a Fucus vesiculosus cDNA from a heavy metal contaminated site. This is intriguing because the VHA‐A subunit is the crucial catalytic subunit responsible for the hydrolysis of ATP that drives ion transport underlying heavy metal detoxification pathways. We employed a chemiluminescent hybridization protection assay to quantify the proportion of both variants directly from mRNA while performing quantification of total transcript using Q‐PCR. Polyclonal antisera raised against recombinant VHA‐A facilitated simultaneous detection of parent and truncated VHA‐A and revealed its cellular and subcellular localization. By exploiting laboratory exposures and samples from an environmental copper gradient, we showed that total VHA‐A transcript and protein, together with levels of the truncated variant, were induced by copper. The absence of a genomic sequence representing the truncated variant suggests a RNA editing event causing the production of the truncated VHA‐A. Based on these observations, we propose RNA editing as a novel molecular process underpinning VHA trafficking and intracellular sequestration of heavy metals under stress.