bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle Changes and Pressure Ulcer Prevention in Adults With Spinal Cord Injury in the Pressure Ulcer Prevention Study Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Ghaisas Samruddhi , Pyatak Elizabeth A. , Blanche Erna , Blanchard Jeanine , Clark Florence ,   PUPS II Study Group
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Pressure ulcers (PrUs) are a major burden to patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), affecting their psychological, physical, and social well-being. Lifestyle choices are thought to contribute to the risk of developing PrUs. This article focuses on the interaction between lifestyle choices and the development of PrUs in community settings among participants in the University of Southern California–Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center Pressure Ulcer Prevention Study (PUPS II), a randomized controlled trial of a lifestyle intervention for adults with SCI. We conducted a secondary cross-case analysis of treatment notes of 47 PUPS II participants and identified four patterns relating PrU development to lifestyle changes: positive PrU changes (e.g., healing PrUs) with positive lifestyle changes, negative or no PrU changes with positive lifestyle changes, positive PrU changes with minor lifestyle changes, and negative or no PrU changes with no lifestyle changes. We present case studies exemplifying each pattern.
Effectiveness of Occupation-Based Interventions to Improve Areas of Occupation and Social Participation After Stroke: An Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Wolf Timothy J. , Chuh Adrianna , Floyd Tracy , McInnis Karen , Williams Elizabeth 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This evidence-based review examined the evidence supporting the use of occupation-based interventions to improve areas of occupation and social participation poststroke. A total of 39 studies met the inclusion criteria and were critically evaluated. Most of the literature targeted activity of daily living (ADL)–based interventions and collectively provided strong evidence for the use of occupation-based interventions to improve ADL performance. The evidence related to instrumental ADLs was much more disparate, with limited evidence to support the use of virtual reality interventions and emerging evidence to support driver education programs to improve occupational performance poststroke. Only 6 studies addressed leisure, social participation, or rest and sleep, with sufficient evidence to support only leisure-based interventions. The implications of this review for research, education, and practice in occupational therapy are also discussed.
Supervision of Occupational Therapy Level II Fieldwork Students: Impact on and Predictors of Clinician Productivity
Authors: Ozelie Rebecca , Janow Janet , Kreutz Corinne , Mulry Mary Kate , Penkala Ashley 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether a difference in productivity exists between clinicians supervising and not supervising a Level II occupational therapy student and whether factors including clinician years of experience, practice setting, and clinician productivity without a student could predict clinician productivity while supervising a student. We used paired-sample t tests to examine clinician productivity with and without a student in 109 clinician–student encounters and regression analysis to determine factors predictive of clinician productivity with a student. Results indicated no difference in clinician productivity with or without a student. Clinician years of experience, practice area, and productivity without a student were significant predictors of clinician productivity while supervising a student. Study results contradict the belief that supervising Level II fieldwork students lowers clinicians’ productivity. Findings suggest that practice area and productivity without a student are important factors influencing the productivity of clinicians supervising a fieldwork student.
Sensory Processing Disorder in Children Ages Birth–3 Years Born Prematurely: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mitchell Anita Witt , Moore Elizabeth M. , Roberts Emily J. , Hachtel Kristen W. , Brown Melissa S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis systematic review of multidisciplinary literature synthesizes evidence of the prevalence and patterns of sensory processing disorder (SPD) in children ages birth–3 yr born preterm. Forty-five articles including physiological, behavioral, temperament, and SPD research met the inclusion criteria and provided 295 findings related to SPD—130 (44%) positive (evidence of SPD) and 165 (56%) negative (no evidence of SPD). The majority of findings related to sensory modulation disorder (SMD; 43% positive). The most prevalent subcategory of SMD was sensory overresponsivity (82% of findings positive). Evidence of sensory underresponsivity and sensory-seeking SMD, sensory discrimination disorder, and sensory-based motor disorder was limited. This study supports the education of neonatologists, pediatricians, and caregivers about the symptoms and potential consequences of SPD and helps justify the need for follow-up screening for SPD in children ages birth–3 yr born preterm. Research using measures based on sensory processing theory is needed.
Mental Practice–Triggered Electrical Stimulation in Chronic, Moderate, Upper-Extremity Hemiparesis After Stroke
Authors: Page Stephen J. , Levine Peter , Hill Valerie 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOBJECTIVE. To determine the feasibility and impact of home-based, mental practice–triggered electrical stimulation among stroke survivors exhibiting moderate upper-extremity (UE) impairment.METHOD. Five participants with moderate, stable UE hemiparesis were administered the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, the Box and Block Test, and the Activities of Daily Living, Hand Function, and overall recovery domains of the Stroke Impact Scale (Version 3). They were then administered an 8-wk regimen consisting of 1 hr of mental practice–triggered electrical stimulation every weekday in their home. At the end of every 2 wk, participants attended supervised stimulation to progress therapeutic exercises and stimulation levels and monitor compliance.RESULTS. Six instances of device noncompliance were reported. Participants exhibited reduced UE motor impairment and increased UE dexterity and participation in valued activities.CONCLUSION. The regimen appears feasible and had a substantial impact on UE impairment, dexterity, and participation in valued activities as well as perceptions of recovery.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Urology
Authors: Recupero Salvatore Marco , Bientinesi Riccardo , Foschi Nazario , Racioppi Marco , Bassi Pier Francesco , Sacco Emilio 
Published: December 2014

Introduction Antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) is used to minimize infectious complications resulting from interventions. Due to high rates of development of bacterial resistance and side effects, the use of antibiotics must be weighed on the basis of high levels of evidence. The main endpoints of urology AP are the prevention of symptomatic urogenital infections, urosepsis and wound infections. The purpose of this review is to bring objectives, principles and recommendations on urology AP according to the latest scientific evidence. Methods We carried out a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library using keywords such as AP, prophylaxis, antibiotics, urological surgery, urogenital surgery and the names of the urologic procedures. The results of studies on the AP for each procedure were classified according to the levels of evidence and grades of recommendation from the European Association of Urology. Results There are a number of good quality studies on AP about endoscopic resection of the prostate (TURP), urodynamic studies and transrectal prostate biopsies (trPB). The majority of the studies about other procedures have several limitations (sample size, consistency of definitions, statistics and trial design). Lack of consistency in the definitions of infectious complications does not allow comparison between different studies. Conclusions The AP is evidence-based is indicated only for TURP and trPB. It is desirable to perform randomized, prospective and controlled trials in order to rationalize the use of antibiotics, improve the cost/benefit ratio and reduce bacterial antibiotic resistances.
Measuring attitudes and knowledge of evidence-based practice in the Qatar nursing workforce: A quantitative cross-sectional analysis of barriers to empowerment
Authors: Carlone Julien Blaise , Igbirieh Omar 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: To explore the prevailing attitudes and knowledge of evidence-based practice (EBP), and to compare the relationship between EBP
attitudes and knowledge, amongst nurses in Qatar's public health system.
Study design: A quantitative cross-sectional survey evaluating EBP-related attitudes and knowledge amongst a sample of 400 registered nurses at
Hamad General Hospital (HGH), Qatar's largest public hospital.
Methods: Data was collected via a questionnaire, distributed to participants who were randomly selected using a hospital nursing staff directory.
Descriptive analysis, Shapiro-Wilk Test for normality, Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient analysis (to evaluate significance of correlation exhibited
between demographic and professional variables), Mann-Whitney U tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyse the data.
Results: Significant, positive correlation was found between EBP attitude and knowledge scores, indicating a complementary pattern in which EBP
perceptions develop. Age was also found to have a significant, positive correlation with EBP attitude, though no other experience indictors provided
significant outcomes. Application of EBP knowledge was found to increase with level of education and varied by clinical specialty, suggesting that
both academic background and current professional practice exert influence on perceptions and familiarity with EBP.
Conclusion: The results offer valuable insight on EBP attitudes and knowledge in HGH's nursing workforce, indicating where EBP perceptions and
preparedness may differ within. This study is a pivotal first step in understanding the status quo in Qatar's health system as it pertains to EBP, from
which future research can help develop tailored development strategies for EBP implementation, leading to quality improvement in health outcomes.
Process Synthesis and Integration
Authors: El‐Halwagi Mahmoud M. , Yee Foo Dominic Chwan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractProcess synthesisis a key design activity which focuses on the generation of alternatives for creating new processes or retrofitting existing ones. It is closely tied toprocess integrationwhich isa holistic approach to design and operation which focuses on the unity of the process. This article provides a brief overview of process synthesis and integration. The focus is on key concepts, tools, and applications. The discussion is organized over classes of problems. First, the synthesis of energy systems is discussed with emphasis on the thermalpinch analysisfor the conservation of heat through the integration of process hot and cold streams. Next, thematerial recovery pinch diagramis presented as a basis for reducing the use of fresh resources and the discharge of waste materials through reuse and recycle. Then, the field of process network synthesis is briefly reviewed. Moving to reactive systems, the topics of reaction pathways synthesis, attainable reaction regions, and reactor network synthesis are discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the simultaneous process and molecular design.
Atmospheric iron deposition in the northwestern Pacific Ocean and its adjacent marginal seas: The importance of coal burning
Authors: Lin Yi‐Chiu , Chen Jen‐Ping , Ho Tung‐Yuan , Tsai I‐Chun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study applied a regional air quality model, incorporated with an emission module, to quantitatively differentiate the atmospheric iron sources originating from lithogenic dusts or coal‐burning fly ashes deposited in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas. Particular attention was paid to the high iron content of fly ashes emitted from steel and iron plants burning coals. Using the year 2007 as an example, the modeling results exhibit large seasonal variations in iron deposition, with highest deposition fluxes occurred during spring and autumn, which are comparable to the seasonal fluctuation of chlorophyll a concentrations estimated by satellite images in the oceanic regions. Fly ash from coal burning accounted for 7.2% of the total iron deposited over the northwestern Pacific Ocean and 15% of that over the northern South China Sea. After considering the difference of iron solubility in the aerosols, anthropogenic aerosol associated with coal burning would be the major bioavailable iron source in the surface water of the oceanic regions.
Predominance of ECH wave contribution to diffuse aurora in Earth's outer magnetosphere
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Ni Binbin , Thorne Richard M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDue to its importance for global energy dissipation in the ionosphere, the diffuse aurora has been intensively studied in the past 40 years. Its origin (precipitation of 0.5–10 keV electrons from the plasma sheet without potential acceleration) has been generally attributed to whistler‐mode chorus wave scattering in the inner magnetosphere (R < ~8 RE), while the scattering mechanism beyond that distance remains unresolved. By modeling the quasi‐linear diffusion of electrons with realistic parameters for the magnetic field, loss cone size, and wave intensity (obtained from Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) observations as a function of magnetospheric location), we estimate the loss cone filling ratio and electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) wave‐induced electron precipitation systematically throughout the entire data set, from 6 RE out to 31 RE (the THEMIS apogee). By comparing the wave‐induced precipitation directly with the equatorially mapped energy flux distribution of the diffuse aurora from ionospheric observations (OVATION Prime model) at low altitudes, we quantify the contribution of auroral energy flux precipitated due to ECH wave scattering. Although the wave amplitudes decrease, as expected, with distance from the Earth, due to the smaller loss cone size and stretched magnetic field topology, ECH waves are still capable of causing sufficient scattering of plasma sheet electrons to account for the observed diffuse auroral dissipation. Our results demonstrate that ECH waves are the dominant driver of the diffuse aurora in the outer magnetosphere, beyond ~8 RE.
Plasmaspheric hiss properties: Observations from Polar
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce T. , Falkowski Barbara J. , Pickett Jolene S. , Santolik Ondrej , Lakhina Gurbax S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn the region between L = 2 to 7 at all Magnetic Local Time (MLTs) plasmaspheric hiss was detected 32% of the time. In the limited region of L = 3 to 6 and 15 to 21 MLT (dusk sector), the wave percentage detection was the highest (51%). The latter plasmaspheric hiss is most likely due to energetic ~10–100 keV electrons drifting into the dusk plasmaspheric bulge region. On average, plasmaspheric hiss intensities are an order of magnitude larger on the dayside than on the nightside. Plasmaspheric hiss intensities are considerably more intense and coherent during high‐solar wind ram pressure intervals. A hypothesis for this is generation of dayside chorus by adiabatic compression of preexisting 10–100 keV outer magnetospheric electrons in minimum B pockets plus chorus propagation into the plasmasphere. In large solar wind pressure events, it is hypothesized that plasmaspheric hiss can also be generated inside the plasmasphere. These new generation mechanism possibilities are in addition to the well‐established mechanism of plasmaspheric hiss generation during substorms and storms. Plasmaspheric hiss under ordinary conditions is of low coherency, with small pockets of several cycles of coherent waves. During high‐solar wind ram pressure intervals (positive SYM‐H intervals), plasmaspheric hiss and large L hiss can have higher intensities and be coherent. Plasmaspheric hiss in these cases is typically found to be propagating obliquely to the ambient magnetic field with θkB0 ~30° to 40°. Hiss detected at large L has large amplitudes (~0.2 nT) and propagates obliquely to the ambient magnetic field (θkB0 ~70°) with 2:1 ellipticity ratios. A series of schematics for plasmaspheric hiss generation is presented.
TWINS stereoscopic imaging of multiple peaks in the ring current
Authors: Perez J. D. , Goldstein J. , McComas D. J. , Valek P. , Buzulukova N. , Fok M.‐C. , Singer H. J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGlobal, ion equatorial flux distributions and energy spectra are presented from stereoscopic Two Wide‐Angle Imaging Neutral‐Atom Spectrometers (TWINS) 1 and TWINS 2 energetic neutral atom (ENA) images for two time periods, 29 May 2010, 1330–1430 UT and 26 May 2011, 1645–1715 UT. The first is just after the main phase of a weak (minimum SYM/H ≈ −70 to −80 nT) corotating interaction region‐driven geomagnetic storm. The second is during a relatively quiet period. The global ion distributions show multiple spatial peaks that are coincident with peaks in the AE index. The energy spectra have a primary maximum in the 15–20 keV range. Below the energy maximum, the flux is Maxwellian. Above the main maximum, the flux is either significantly below that of a Maxwellian or has a second component with a maximum in the 40–50 keV range. For the 29 May 2010, 1330–1430 UT time period, the flux from the TWINS stereoscopic images is compared to the results from TWINS 1 and TWINS 2 alone illustrating the advantage of stereoscopic viewing. The flux deconvolved from the TWINS images also shows spatial and temporal correlations with Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) in situ measurements. Magnetic field dipolarizations observed by GOES support the existence of a peak in the ion flux in the midnight/dawn sector. In summary, increased spatial resolution from TWINS stereoscopic ENA images is demonstrated. Multiple peaks in the ion flux of trapped particles in the ring current are observed. THEMIS electrostatic analyzer in situ ion flux measurements and GOES geosynchronous magnetic field measurements are consistent with the spatial and temporal structure obtained.
Trends of ambulatory sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Mahboubi Hossein , Bhandarkar Naveen D. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundWe sought to examine the trends in rates and demographics of ambulatory endoscopic and open sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis over a 7‐year period in the state of California.MethodsPatient records with Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for endoscopic or open sinus surgery, and diagnosis codes for chronic rhinosinusitis were extracted from the California Ambulatory Surgery Datasets from 2005 to 2011. Population‐adjusted surgery rates were calculated as the number of surgeries per 100,000 California residents. Location of surgery was analyzed in 2 contexts: freestanding ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) vs any hospital setting, and academic (university medical centers) vs nonacademic centers (ASCs and non‐university hospitals combined). Patients’ demographics were also examined.ResultsA total of 91,984 sinus surgeries were performed during 2005 to 2011. The overall population‐adjusted surgery rate declined 24%, from 38.9 to 29.6 (p = 0.004). Although the rates for both endoscopic and open surgeries declined, the percentage of endoscopic procedures increased from 87.3% to 92.5% of all surgeries (p = 0.002). Over the studied period, there was an increase in the proportion of sinus surgeries performed in hospitals (73.2% to 91.3%; p = 0.01), in academic centers (5.9% to 10.1%; p = <0.001), on patients >65 years (14.7% to 17.8%; p = 0.003), and on non‐Caucasians (10.3% to 16.9%; p < 0.001). Gender distribution remained unchanged (51% male; p = 0.25).ConclusionThe overall rate of ambulatory sinus surgery in California declined over the study period. A shift from open to endoscopic procedures, from ASCs to hospitals, and from nonacademic to academic centers was observed. Further investigation of the observed trends may be warranted.
Curing behavior and network formation of cyanate ester resin/polyethylene glycol
Authors: Ma Junxian , Lei Xuefeng , Tian Di , Yuan Liangjie , Liao Chongshan 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe mechanism and kinetics of the curing reaction of cyanate ester (CE) resin modified with polyethylene glycol were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The relationship of heat flow versus conversion rate was used to evaluate the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the curing reaction of CE. DSC results showed that the addition of PEG decreased the curing temperature of CE effectively when its content was less than 20 wt %. The curing behavior of CE/PEG still complies with the self‐catalytic kinetic model proposed by Kamal. The effects of PEG content on the kinetics parameters and conversion rate of the curing reaction were discussed. FTIR results indicated that the –OH groups in PEG participated in the polymeric reaction of CE and formed –O–C (=NH) –O– structure through block copolymerization, which extended the chain length between triazine rings and reduced the density of triazine rings. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41841.
Linking Resource Decisions to Planning
Authors: Saunders Laura 
Published: December 2014

This chapter explores the relationship between strategic planning and budgeting. It describes how community college leaders can use strategic and foundational plans (academic, facilities, technology, and financial) to drive budgets and resource allocations in support of institutional goals and objectives. Finally, it identifies challenges of doing so and the usefulness of budget decision packages as a way of determining the link between resource allocation decisions and the achievement of planning goals.
Predictors of rapid relapse in bulimia nervosa
Authors: Olmsted Marion P. , MacDonald Danielle E. , McFarlane Traci , Trottier Kathryn , Colton Patricia 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveRelapse remains a significant concern in bulimia nervosa, with some patients relapsing within months of treatment completion. The purpose of the study was to identify predictors of relapse within the first 6 months following treatment.MethodThe 116 participants were bingeing and/or vomiting ≥ 8 times per month before day hospital (DH), and had ≤ 2 episodes per month in the last month of DH and the first month after DH. Rapid relapse was defined as ≥ 8 episodes per month for 3 months starting within 6 months.ResultsThe rate of rapid relapse was 27.6%. Patients who relapsed soon after DH had higher frequencies of bingeing and vomiting before treatment, engaged in less body avoidance before treatment and were more likely to be slow responders to treatment. Weight and shape concerns and body checking were not significant predictors.DiscussionMore frequent bulimic symptoms accompanied by less body avoidance may indicate an entrenchment in the illness which in turn augurs a labored and transient response to DH treatment that is difficult to sustain after intensive treatment ends. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:337–340)