bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early versus delayed laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for common bile duct stone-related nonsevere acute cholangitis
Authors: Zhu Bin , Li Dan , Ren Yu , Li Ying , Wang Yan , Li Kai , Amin Buhe , Gong Ke , Lu Yiping , Song Ming , Zhang Nengwei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIt is undetermined when and how laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) should be used in patients with common bile duct (CBD) stone-related nonsevere acute cholangitis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of LCBDE on the clinical outcome of those patients within (early) or beyond (delayed) 72 hours of emergent admission. Surgery-related complications, length of hospital stay (LOS) and total cost, as well as demographic and clinical parameters were compared between the two groups. Finally, 3 and 5 patients in early and delayed LCBDE group, respectively, had retained stones, which were removed by choledochoscopy before T-tube was removed. Each group had 3 patients who developed biliary leak, which was conservatively cured by the drainage. Shorter LOS and less total cost were observed in early group compared to the late one (13.34 ± 4.48 vs. 18.32 ± 9.13, p < 0.05; 17712 ± 5446.63 vs. 21776 ± 7230.41 ¥RMB, p < 0.05). Improvement of cholangitis was achieved in all patients with LCBDE. None of the patients developed stricture of the CBD after LCBDE. To conclude, both early and delayed LCBDE are safe and effective for the treatment of CBD stone-related nonsevere acute cholangitis during emergent admissions. Early LCBDE may be superior to delayed procedure due to the shorter LOS and less cost.
Plasmonic Toroidal Dipolar Response under Radially Polarized Excitation
Authors: Bao Yanjun , Zhu Xing , Fang Zheyu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPlasmonic toroidal resonance has attracted growing interests because of its low loss electromagnetic properties and potential high sensitive nanophotonic applications. However, the realization in a metamaterial requires three-dimensional complicated structural design so far. In this paper, we design a simple metal-dielectric-metal (MIM) sandwich nanostructure, which exhibits a strong toroidal dipolar resonance under radially polarized excitation. The toroidal dipole moment as the dominant contribution for the scattering is demonstrated by the mirror-image method and further analyzed by Lagrangian hybridization model. The proposed toroidal configuration also shows a highly tolerant for misalignment between the structure center and the incident light focus. Our study proves the way for the toroidal plasmonic application with the cylindrical vector beams.
Predicting Treatment Time and Long-Term Outcome of the Lidcombe Program: A Replication and Reanalysis
Authors: Guitar Barry , Kazenski Danra , Howard Alan , Cousins S. Freddie , Fader Elena , Haskell Piper 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
The present study presents treatment duration and outcome data on 14 children who stutter (CWS) recently treated by the Lidcombe Program (LP). These data were then combined with data from a previous LP treatment study (Miller & Guitar, 2009) to examine predictor variables for treatment duration and outcome. The present study also provides evidence of the effectiveness of LP from researchers who are independent of the developers of the program.

Method
Fourteen preschool CWS were assessed on stuttering severity variables and participant characteristics prior to treatment, given LP treatment, and reassessed 2 years after the children achieved stable fluency. These children's data were added to the data of 15 previously treated CWS to examine predictors of treatment duration and long-term outcome. Preliminary analysis lead to the identification of two predictors that were tested in a generalized linear model.

Results
For the new group of 14 CWS, median treatment duration was 15 clinic visits and resulted in near-zero stuttering long term for most of the children and substantial reductions in stuttering for all of the children. For the combined group of 29 children, pretreatment stuttering frequency and severity were the best predictors of treatment duration in both clinic visits and weeks.

Conclusions
Children with more frequent and more severe stuttering may take longer in LP treatment. Long-term outcome may best be predicted by pretreatment stuttering and sex.
Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling to Examine How Individual SLPs Differentially Contribute to Children's Language and Literacy Gains in Public Schools
Authors: Farquharson Kelly , Tambyraja Sherine R. , Logan Jessica , Justice Laura M. , Schmitt Mary Beth 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine the unique contributions in children's language and literacy gains, over 1 academic year, that are attributable to the individual speech-language pathologist (SLP) and (b) to explore possible child- and SLP-level factors that may further explain SLPs' contributions to children's language and literacy gains.

Method
Participants were 288 kindergarten and 1st-grade children with language impairment who were currently receiving school-based language intervention from SLPs. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we partitioned the variance in children's gains in language (i.e., grammar, vocabulary) and literacy (i.e., word decoding) that could be attributed to their individual SLP.

Results
Results revealed a significant contribution of individual SLPs to children's gains in grammar, vocabulary, and word decoding. Children's fall language scores and grade were significant predictors of SLPs' contributions, although no SLP-level predictors were significant.

Conclusions
The present study makes a first step toward incorporating implementation science and suggests that, for children receiving school-based language intervention, variance in child language and literacy gains in an academic year is at least partially attributable to SLPs. Continued work in this area should examine the possible SLP-level characteristics that may further explicate the relative contributions of SLPs.
Catch and release of concanavalin A by a mannose-immobilized photoaffinity PEGA resin coupled with a cleavable disulfide linker
Authors: Kuramochi Kouji , Matsushita Tomohisa , Tsubaki Kazunori 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A photoaffinity PEGA resin containing mannose as a ligand and disulfide as a cleavable linker was prepared. The resin was crosslinked to concanavalin A, a binding protein of mannose, by UV irradiation, and the protein was subsequently released by cleavage of the disulfide linker.
Are the total mass density and the low-mass end slope of the IMF anticorrelated?
Authors: Spiniello C. , Barnabè M. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Trager S. C. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We conduct a detailed lensing, dynamics and stellar population analysis of nine massive lens early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the X-Shooter Lens Survey (XLENS). Combining gravitational lensing constraints from HST imaging with spatially-resolved kinematics and line-indices constraints from Very Large Telescope (VLT) X-Shooter spectra, we infer the low-mass slope and the low cut-off mass of the stellar initial mass function (IMF): $x_{250}=2.37^{+0.12}_{-0.12}$ and $M_{\mathrm{low}, 250}= 0.131^{+0.023}_{-0.026}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, respectively, for a reference point with σ⋆ ≡ 250 km s−1 and Reff ≡ 10 kpc. All the XLENS systems are consistent with an IMF slope steeper than Milky Way-like. We find no significant correlations between IMF slope and any other quantity, except for an anticorrelation between total dynamical mass density and low-mass IMF slope at the 87 per cent CL [dx/d log (ρ) = $-0.19^{+0.15}_{-0.15}$]. This anticorrelation is consistent with the low-redshift lenses found by Smith et al. that have high velocity dispersions and high stellar mass densities but surprisingly shallow IMF slopes.
Do Prostate Cancer Patients With Markedly Elevated PSA Benefit From Radiation Therapy?
Authors: Lawrence Yaacov R. , Samueli Benzion , Levitin Ronald , Pail Orrin , Spieler Benjamin , Pfeffer Raphael , Goldstein Jeffrey , Den Robert B. , Symon Zvi 
Published: June 2015

Objectives:
Patients with clinically localized prostate cancer but markedly elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are often treated with systemic agents alone. We hypothesized that they would benefit from radiation therapy.

Methods:
We utilized the Survival, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Database for patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer from 2004 to 2008. Patients treated surgically or with brachytherapy were excluded. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models. Propensity score was used to adjust for the nonrandomized assignment of local therapies.

Results:
A total of 75,539 nonmetastatic prostate cancer patients were identified who received either radiotherapy or no local treatment. Median age was 70 years. Median follow-up of alive subjects was 60 months, with an interquartile range of 47 to 77 months. Estimated 4-year overall survival of entire population was 88%. Significant prognostic variables for overall survival on multivariate analysis included age, grade, PSA level, T stage, and use of radiation therapy. Use of radiation therapy was the most powerful predictor of both cause-specific and overall survival (HR=0.41 and 0.46, respectively, P<0.001). The benefit conferred by local treatment was seen even in subjects with PSA≥75 ng/mL. Four-year cancer-specific survival was 93.8% in those receiving radiation treatments versus 76.5% in those who did not receive any local treatment.

Conclusions:
Survival was significantly improved by radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Extremely high PSA levels (≥25 ng/mL) should not be considered a contraindication to local treatment.
What is the Risk of Colorectal Cancer After an Episode of Acute Diverticulitis in Conservatively Treated Patients?
Authors: Ramphal Winesh , Schreinemakers Jennifer M. J. , Seerden Tom C. J. , Crolla Rogier M. P. H. , Rijken Arjen M. , Gobardhan Paul D. 
Published: June 2015

Goals:
The goal is to find the risk of colorectal cancer after an episode of acute diverticulitis in conservatively treated patients. Secondly, to determine the benefit of colonoscopy in these patients.

Background:
In the Netherlands, it is a common practice to routinely perform a colonoscopy after an episode of conservatively treated diverticulitis to exclude a malignancy. Yet according to the Dutch guidelines, these patients should not undergo a colonoscopy on a routine basis. The aim of this study is to determine the benefit of a colonoscopy in patients who have been treated for diverticulitis conservatively.

Study:
This retrospective study includes patients who were diagnosed with acute diverticulitis (Hinchey 0 and I) and were treated conservatively, with or without antibiotics. Only patients who underwent colonoscopy were included for analysis. In addition, the outcome (yes or no colorectal cancer) of colonoscopy was analyzed according to patients’ presentation of alarm symptoms for colorectal cancer.

Results:
Between January 2008 and June 2013, 977 patients were treated conservatively for an episode of acute diverticulitis. Of those, 645 underwent colonoscopy during follow-up. Alarm symptoms for colorectal cancer were present in 205 patients. Nine of them were diagnosed with colorectal cancer (4.4%) versus 1 patient (0.2%, P=0.0002) in the group without alarm symptoms (N=440).

Conclusions:
This study confirms that routine colonoscopy is not indicated after acute diverticulitis which has been treated conservatively in a large series. Only in case of alarm symptoms a colonoscopy is mandatory, but even then the actual finding of a colorectal cancer is rare.
Are Mesenchymal Stem Cells Implanted in Lip Defect Capable of Returning Orbicularis Oris Muscle Function?
Authors: Ramazanzadeh Baratali , Jahanbin Arezoo , Eslami Neda , Kazemian Mojgan , Mahdavishahri Nasser , Habibi Samaneh 
Published: June 2015

Introduction:
This study aimed to evaluate the amount of orbicularis oris muscle formation and function after using scaffold-free cells and mesenchymal stem cells scaffold in repaired cleft lip of rats.

Methods:
Forty male Wistar rats were used. A triangular cut (7 × 7 × 4 mm) was made on the upper lip of 30 rats and then divided into 3 equal groups. In the first group (control), the defected cuts were closed by routine surgical procedures. The second group consisted of cell scaffold and the third scaffold-free cells (5 × 5 × 3) in the area of the incision.Two months after restoration, muscle electromyography activity was examined alongside 10 normal rats and tissue samples were histologically examined. Data were analyzed statistically by SPSS software and ANOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis test. The significance level was considered at P < 0.05.

Results:
Electromyography activity in second and third groups was not significantly different from each other and with normal muscle. The control group had, however, higher activity than normal muscle (P < 0.001). The amount of newly formed muscle tissue in the scaffold group had a clear statistical difference with the cell scaffold (P = 0.018) and control group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the inflammatory reaction showed a significant statistical difference in the control and scaffold group (P = 0.001) and the scaffold and cell-scaffold groups (P = 0.007). There was no significant difference in the number of formed fibroblast cells and collagen tissue in the area between the 3 groups.

Conclusions:
The results of this study show that extracellular matrix scaffold can reduce tension in the repaired cleft lip area by increasing muscle formation and decreasing scar tissue contraction, confirming the benefits of this type of scaffold.
The Microsurgical Anatomy of the Modified Presigmoid Trans-Partial Bony Labyrinth Approach
Authors: Luo Zhengxiang , Zhao Penglai , Yang Kun , Liu Yong , Zhang Yansong , Liu Hongyi 
Published: June 2015

Objective:
To investigate the surgical techniques of the modified presigmoid trans-partial bony labyrinth approach and the advantages in the exposure of the petroclival region and in the treatment of lesions in this area.

Methods:
Between April and October of 2012, a study on modification of the surgical approach was performed on 15 cadaveric heads. On the basis of the traditional presigmoid approach, semicircular canals, and the petrous apex were partially resected. The detailed conditions of the exposure of important structures of the petroclival region were recorded.

Results:
This approach provided a large operational space from the petroclival region to the posterior cavernous sinus. The range of presigmoid exposure (horizontal direction) was (19.41 ± 1.58) mm, the exposure range of the inferior temporal (vertical direction) was (14.18 ± 1.88) mm, the maximum exposure angle of the slope center depression was (60.54° ± 6.93°), and the depth of operation was (55.87 ± 4.34) mm. The vertebral-basilar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, superior cerebellar artery, ipsilateral III-X cranial nerves, contralateral VI cranial nerve, Meckel cave, and posterior cavernous sinus were well exposed.

Conclusion:
The modified presigmoid trans-partial bony labyrinth approach was able to achieve excellent exposure of deep surfaces of the petroclival region and the posterior part of the cavernous sinus and showed advantages including a large range of exposure, multiple axes of visualization, preservation of hearing and facial nerve function, and early devascularization of tumors.
Roles of Polycaprolactone Membrane on Guided Bone Formation in High-Speed Distraction of Experimental Design Cranium
Authors: Xu Lianji , Choi Tae Hyun , Kim Young Il , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Kwon Sung-Tack , Kim Sukwha , Zheng Yongsheng 
Published: June 2015

Background:
The aim of this research was to investigate whether covering of the distracted cranial bone segment with a polycaprolactone (PCL) membrane (guided bone formation) would accelerate the process of osteogenesis in high-speed distraction of adult rabbit.

Methods:
Eighteen 24-weeks old, 3.0 to 3.5 kg, male New Zealand rabbits underwent routine gradual cranium distraction (group 1), distraction at high speed without the membrane (group 2), and distraction at high speed with a PCL membrane covering the cranium at the distraction gap (group 3). Five days after the cranial osteotomy, the distraction process was initiated at 3 mm per day (1.5 mm twice a day) in group 2 and group 3, and 1 mm per day (0.5 mm twice a day) in group 1 until 10 mm of length gain was achieved. At the consolidation 4 and 6 weeks, the bone mineral density was analyzed by a computerized tomography imaging protocol. The bone formation ratio of each group was compared with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. The collagen formation of each group was analyzed by Massons’ trichrome staining.

Results:
Radiographic imaging and quantitative data indicated a significant increase in bone mineral density in group 1 and group 3 compared with group 2. Bone formation ratio in histologic analysis showed an increase in group 1 and group 3. Collagen synthesis in group 2 was significantly increased in distraction gap. In group 3, collagen fibers were significantly decreased underneath the PCL membrane.

Conclusions:
Polycaprolactone membrane covering the bone distraction gap provides an environment for faster bone formation in high-speed distraction.
Use of Postoperative Palatal Obturator After Total Palatal Reconstruction With Radial Forearm Fasciocutaneous Free Flap
Authors: Jeong Euicheol C. , Jung Young Ho , Shin Jin-yong 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A 67-year-old-male patient visited our hospital for a mass on the soft palate of approximately 5.0 × 6.0 cm in size. He was diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma and reconstruction after total palate resection was planned. After ablative surgery, a radial forearm free flap procedure was successfully performed to cover the hard and soft palates. However, wound disruption occurred twice during the postoperative period.
When a palate defect is reconstructed using a soft tissue free flap, flap drooping by gravitation and the flap itself can generate irregularity in the lower contour of the palate and, in the long-term, insufficiencies of velopharyngeal function, speech, and mastication. To complement such functional and aesthetic problems caused by flap drooping, conventional prosthetics and new operative techniques have been discussed. However, overcoming wound disruption caused by flap drooping in the acute postoperative period has not been discussed.
In this case, the temporary use of a palatal obturator during the postoperative period was beneficial after soft tissue reconstruction of the palate.
The Frequency of Decreased Visual Acuity in Orbital Fractures
Authors: Kim Yeon Soo , Kim Joo Ho , Hwang Kun 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The aim of this systematic review is to summarize and evaluate the effect of orbital fractures (blowout fractures and nonblowout fractures) on visual acuity. In PubMed search and Scopus search, the terms “orbital fracture OR maxillofacial injury OR facial trauma OR craniofacial fracture,” and “visual acuity OR functional outcome OR visual outcome OR improving document of visual acuity OR blindness OR optic nerve neuropathy” were used, which resulted in 1634 and 1152 papers, respectively. Of the 2226 titles excluding 560 duplicated titles, 227 abstracts were reviewed. Of the 227 abstracts reviewed, the authors found 56 potentially relevant full-text articles, of which 5 studies met our inclusion criteria. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals from each study were abstracted. The statistical analysis was performed with review manager (The Nordic Cochrane Centre).
A summary of 5 studies affirmed that 43 patients among 532 orbital fractures (8.1%) had decreased visual acuity. Twelve patients among 159 blowout fractures (7.5%) had decreased visual acuity. Thirty-one patients among 373 orbital fractures other than pure blowout fractures (8.3%) had decreased visual acuity. In orbital fractures other than pure blowout fractures, the frequency of decreased visual acuity was higher than pure blowout fractures (n = 532, odds ratio, 2.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.06–4.70). Surgeons should acknowledge this with patients before surgery.
The Incidence and Topographic Distribution of Sutures Including Wormian Bones in Human Skulls
Authors: Cirpan Sibel , Aksu Funda , Mas Nuket 
Published: June 2015

Objective:
The Wormian Bones are accessory bones located within the cranial sutures and fontanelles. The present article examines the incidence of Wormian Bones and compares the number and topographic distribution between the sutures including Wormian Bones in skulls of West Anatolian Population.

Methods:
One hundred fifty crania were examined. The parameters evaluated in the present study were as follows: the rate of skulls including Wormian Bones; the topographic distribution and frequencies of the sutures including Wormian Bones; the number of these sutures for each skull; the name and number of sutures that were bilaterally and symmetrically located on the right and left side of skull (paired sutures) and which coincidentally had Wormian Bones for each skull; the differences of frequencies between the paired sutures including Wormian Bones.

Results:
The rate of skulls including Wormian Bones was determined as 59.3%. The maximum and minimum numbers of sutures, including Wormian Bones, were 6 in 1 skull and 1 in each of 30 skulls, respectively. The maximum and minimum rates of sutures that had Wormian Bones were found in left lambdoid 40.7% and right occipitomastoid 1.3% sutures, respectively. There was only a significant difference between the rate of right and left squamous sutures (P = 0.04). Forty-five skulls were including 55 pairs of bilaterally and symmetrically located sutures that coincidentally had Wormian Bones in each pair. Each of 35 skulls had 1 pair of sutures including Wormian Bones and each of 10 skulls had 2 pairs.

Conclusions:
In the present study, the rate of Wormian Bones was determined as 59.3% in West Anatolian Population. This incidence rate is considerably lower than the other reports, and it may be as a result of racial variations. These divergent bones were more frequently found in left lambdoid sutures (40.7%) and less frequently in right occipitomastoid sutures (1.3%). This study may guide the investigators dealing with the neurosurgery, orthopedy, radiology, anatomy, and anthropology in their practice.
Variability in group size and the evolution of collective action
Authors: Peña Jorge , Nöldeke Georg 
Published: June 2015

AbstractModels of the evolution of collective action typically assume that interactions occur in groups of identical size. In contrast, social interactions between animals occur in groups of widely dispersed size. This article models collective action problems as two-strategy multiplayer games and studies the effect of variability in group size on the evolution of cooperative behavior under the replicator dynamics. The analysis identifies elementary conditions on the payoff structure of the game implying that the evolution of cooperative behavior is promoted or inhibited when the group size experienced by a focal player is more or less variable. Similar but more stringent conditions are applicable when the confounding effect of size-biased sampling, which causes the group-size distribution experienced by a focal player to differ from the statistical distribution of group sizes, is taken into account.