bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Activation Inducing Rocksalt‐to‐Spinel Transformation for Prolonged Service Life of LiMn2O4 Cathodes
Authors: Li Fangyan , Jiao Yiding , Yang Shuo , Mao Wei , Tao Qiantu , Bai Chenyu , He Er , Li Luhe , Ye Tingting , Li Yiran , Wang Jiacheng , Ren Junye , Wang Yuanzhen , Gao Rui , Li Qianming , Lu Jiang , Song Jie , Ma Jing , Deng Yu , Wang Peng , Zhang Ye 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLiMn2O4 spinel is emerging as a promising cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries, largely due to its open framework that facilitates Li+ diffusion and excellent rate performance. However, the charge–discharge cycling of the LiMn2O4 cathode leads to severe structural degradation and rapid capacity decay. Here, an electrochemical activation strategy is introduced, employing a facile galvano‐potentiostatic charging operation, to restore the lost capacity of LiMn2O4 cathode without damaging the battery configuration. With an electrochemical activation strategy, the cycle life of the LiMn2O4 cathode is extended from an initial 1500 to an impressive 14 000 cycles at a 5C rate with Li metal as the anode, while increasing the total discharge energy by ten times. Remarkably, the electrochemical activation enhances the diffusion kinetics of Li+, with the diffusion coefficient experiencing a 37.2% increase. Further investigation reveals that this improvement in capacity and diffusion kinetics results from a transformation of the redox‐inert LiMnO2 rocksalt layer on the surface of degraded cathodes back into active spinel. This transformation is confirmed through electron microscopy and corroborated by density functional theory simulations. Moreover, the viability of this electrochemical activation strategy has been demonstrated in pouch cell configurations with Li metal as the anode, underscoring its potential for broader application.
Starch Nanoparticles Based on Ultrasonication Pretreatment and Enzyme Posttreatment: Preparation, Optimization, and Biophysical Characterization
Authors: Rastmanesh Sahar , Jafarizadeh‐Malmiri Hoda , Javadi Afshin , Anarjan Navideh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStarch nanoparticles (SNPs), due to their minimum particle size and maximum surface to volume ratio do not have starch limitations such as low solubility and digestibility. SNPs in colloidal form were enzymatically produced using enzyme of α‐amylase in combination toultrasinication technique to accomplished SNPs gelatinization. Results indicated that SNPs with smallest particle size (109 nm) and polydispersity index (0.560), and highest zeta potential (−32.16 mV) and antioxidant activity (30%) values was obtained using 2.10 mL enzyme and ultrasonication time of 69 s. SNPs in powder form were produced using obtained optimum conditions and a laboratory freeze dryer with chamber temperature and pressure of −70 °C and 100 Pa, for 24 h, and characterized Results indicated that the provided native starch had particle size of ranging 6 to 10 µm with zeta potential value of −4.50 mV, prepared SNPs powder had spherical shape and flat surface with mean particle size, zeta potential and specific surface area values of 105 nm, −26.7 mV and 4.70 m2 g−1, respectively. Furthermore, oil separation time for the emulsions having starch and powder of SNPs, were 43 and 297 s, respectively. While, for the sample without emulsifier (control), this time was 22 s.
Exploring the Grammatical Complexity of International Teaching Assistants: A Comparative Corpus Study
Authors: Chang Heesun , Raeisi‐Vanani Amin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze the grammatical complexity features of international teaching assistants' (ITAs) mock‐teaching presentations and to compare the distributions of these features to those found in the Oral English Proficiency Test (a local ITA assessment), university classroom teaching, conversation, and academic writing. The data consisted of 186 prospective ITAs' mock‐teaching presentations collected from two ITA training courses at a large U.S. university: one higher‐level course and one lower‐level course. All presentations were transcribed, proofread, and built into a corpus consisting of 247,043 words. Based on the previous corpus studies, a total of 22 grammatical complexity features were selected for the analysis. Overall, the discourse of ITA mock‐teaching involved a substantial number of both the grammatical complexity features commonly found in spoken conversation (e.g., finite adverbial clauses and modals) and those commonly used in academic writing (e.g., noun premodifiers and prepositional phrases). The frequency distributions of the features differed in complex ways between ITA mock‐teaching and the other registers, as well as between the higher‐level and lower‐level ITAs. Pedagogical implications for ITA training and assessment, and future research directions are discussed at the end.
Elucidation of the genetic architecture of water absorption capacity in hard winter wheat through genome wide association study
Authors: Wondifraw Meseret A. , Winn Zachary J. , Haley Scott D. , Stromberger John A. , Hudson‐Arns Emily E. , Mason R. Esten 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWater absorption capacity (WAC) influences various aspects of bread making, such as loaf volume, bread yield, and shelf life. Despite its importance in the baking process and end‐product quality, its genetic determinants are less explored. To address this limitation, a genome‐wide association study was conducted on 337 hard wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes evaluated over 5 years in multi‐environmental trials. Phenotyping was done using the solvent retention capacity (SRC) test with water (SRC‐water), sucrose (SRC‐sucrose), lactic acid (SRC‐lactic acid), and sodium carbonate (SRC‐carbonate) as solvents. Individuals were genotyped using genotyping‐by‐sequencing to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms across the wheat genome. To detect the genomic regions that underline the SRCs and gluten performance index (GPI), a genome‐wide association study was performed using six multi‐locus models using the mrMLM package in R. Adjusted means for SRC‐water ranged from 54.1% to 66.5%, while SRC‐carbonate exhibited a narrow range from 84.9% to 93.9%. Moderate to high genomic heritability values were observed for SRCs and GPI, ranging from h2 = 0.61 to 0.88. The genome‐wide association study identified a total of 42 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs), of which five explained over 10% of the phenotypic variation (R2 ≥ 10%). Most of the QTNs were detected on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 3B, and 5B. Few QTNs, such as S1A_5190318, S1B_3282665, S4D_472908721, and S7A_37433960, were located near gliadin, glutenin starch synthesis, and galactosyltransferase genes. Overall, these results show WAC to be under polygenic genetic control, with genes involved in the synthesis of key flour components influencing overall water absorption.
Assessment of Potential Human Health Risks Around Tukwikwi Artisanal Potash Extraction Site River Hadejia Flood Plains, Jigawa, Nigeria
Authors: Mikailu A. , Saleh M. , Bashir Adamu S. , Chiromawa Idris M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis study quantified the concentrations of trace and heavy elements, including Al, K, Ca, Mg, Zr, Ti, La, Ce, Mn, Cr, Zn, and Nd, in soil samples from Tukwikwi. It also assesses the potential human health risks posed by exposure to these metals through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption for both children and adults. The study area lies in Hadejia flood plain between latitudes 12°10′ N to 13°0′ N and longitudes 10°15′ E to 11°30′ E. The result showed that the mean concentrations of Al (47,140 mg/kg), K (23,110 mg/kg), Fe (18,020 mg/kg), Mg (7810 mg/kg), Zr (404 mg/kg), and La (64 mg/kg) exceeded the crustal values of Al (25,000 mg/kg), K (10,700 mg/kg), Fe (9800 mg/kg), Mg (7000 mg/kg), Zr (220 mg/kg), and La (30 mg/kg). By contrast, the concentrations of Ca, Cr, Ce, Mn, Ti, Zn, and Nd were lower than the crustal values. These crustal values were used, as there were no regional values that could be used for comparison. The result of the noncarcinogenic health risk assessment showed that Al exhibited the highest value ranging from to for children and to for adults. The results also revealed that adults have a higher potential risk than children. The results for the carcinogenic risk (CR) showed that the total CR (TCR) values for Cr ranged from 0 to for children and 0 to for adults, which are higher than the acceptable limit of . These suggest that there are health concerns for adults and children in the research area. This necessitates the need for monitoring the soil in the study area to reduce potential environmental issues.
Genetically proxied IL‐6 signaling and risk of Alzheimer's disease and lobar intracerebral hemorrhage: A drug target Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Myserlis Evangelos Pavlos , Ray Anushree , Anderson Christopher D. , Georgakis Marios K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONEvidence suggests that higher C‐reactive protein (CRP) is associated with lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Whether interleukin (IL)‐6 signaling, an active pharmacological target upstream of CRP, is associated with these amyloid‐related pathologies remains unknown.METHODSWe used 26 CRP‐lowering variants near the IL‐6 receptor gene to perform Mendelian randomization analyses for AD (111,326 cases, 677,663 controls) and ICH (1545 cases, 1481 controls). We explored the effect of genetically proxied IL‐6 signaling on serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain proteome (971 individuals).RESULTSGenetically upregulated IL‐6 receptor‐mediated signaling was associated with lower risk of AD (OR per increment in serum logCRP levels: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.95) and lobar ICH (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09–0.89). We also found associations with 312, 77, and 79 brain, CSF, and plasma proteins, respectively, some of which were previously implicated in amyloid‐clearing mechanisms.DISCUSSIONGenetic data support that CRP‐lowering through variation in the gene encoding IL‐6 receptor may be associated with amyloid‐related outcomes.Highlights
Genetic variants proxying IL‐6 inhibition are associated with AD and lobar ICH risk.
The variants are also associated with amyloid clearing‐related proteomic changes.
Whether pharmacologic IL‐6 inhibition is linked to AD or lobar ICH merits further study.
Patient preferences for the diagnosis of coeliac disease: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Shiha Mohamed G. , Wickramasekera Nyantara , Raju Suneil A. , Penny Hugo A. , Sanders David S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is potential for a paradigm shift from a biopsy‐to a serology‐based diagnosis of coeliac disease in selected adult patients. However, it remains unknown if this approach would be acceptable to patients. We aimed to explore patients' preferences regarding the no‐biopsy approach for coeliac disease diagnosis.MethodsWe developed a discrete choice experiment survey containing 12 different scenarios with two possible alternatives (endoscopy & biopsy or serology) to estimate patient preferences. The scenarios were based on 5 attributes: risk of false positive results, risk of missed diagnosis, waiting time to start treatment, risk of complications, discomfort, or pain. Patient preferences and the relative importance of the attributes were estimated using a mixed logit model.ResultsIn total, 385 people (70.6% female, 98.2% white) across the four nations of the United Kingdom completed the survey. Respondents preferred a serology‐based diagnosis over endoscopy and duodenal biopsies (59% vs. 41%, β coefficient 1.54, p < 0.001). Diagnostic test accuracy (p < 0.001), shorter waiting time to start treatment (p < 0.001), and discomfort levels during the procedure (p < 0.001) were the most important attributes to respondents. The risk of complications, including perforation and bleeding, did not significantly influence respondents' choices. Respondents with previous endoscopy experience were more willing to undergo endoscopy compared with those who never had one.ConclusionThe no‐biopsy approach to diagnosing coeliac disease is acceptable and preferred by patients over endoscopy and biopsy. Our findings highlight the importance of patient‐centred care and shared decision‐making in guiding diagnostic strategies for optimal patient outcomes.
A novel numerical approach for the third order Emden–Fowler type equations
Authors: Sakar Mehmet Giyas , Saldır Onur , Aydın Fatih , Rece M. Yasin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article aims to achieve robust numerical results by applying the Chebyshev reproducing kernel method without homogenizing the initial‐boundary conditions of the Emden–Fowler (E‐F) equation, thereby introducing a new perspective to the literature. A novel numerical approach is presented for solving the initial‐boundary value problem of third‐order E‐F equations using Chebyshev reproducing kernel theory. Unlike previous applications, which were confined to homogeneous initial‐boundary value problems or required homogenization, the proposed method is effective for both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous cases. To handle the initial‐boundary conditions of the E‐F equations, additional basis functions are introduced rather than imposing conditions on the reproducing kernel Hilbert space. The method's effectiveness is demonstrated through five examples, which validate the theoretical analysis. Overall, the results emphasize the method's efficiency.
Food Supply
Authors: Hansen Henning Otte 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe topic of food supply includes subjects such as the world food situation, food crises, food security and global diversion of production. The topic gives rise to many questions. An important question is whether access to food will be a limiting factor for the world's development and population growth. At the global level, to date, food production has been able to keep pace with population growth. The improved food situation in recent decades has largely been achieved by increasing productivity. As a result, the level of food security—calculated as the prevalence of malnourishment in the world—has improved. Food crises have played a major role in food supply and in the global security of supply, and it seems likely that food crises will occur more frequently in the future.
Markets
Authors: Hansen Henning Otte 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMarkets are important for agriculture and for the supply and processing industries in the entire food sector. Efficient markets are necessary to reduce transaction costs, avoid bottlenecks, optimize specialization in value chains, ensure effective competition, etc. At the same time, markets develop and change continuously. The importance of international trade markets is increasing, but the trend is much stronger for industrial goods than it is for agricultural products. The agricultural and food markets are characterized by some specific conditions compared to other markets. One characteristic is that prices generally and in the slightly longer term rise at a slower rate than inflation, i.e., there is a real price fall. Studies also find an increasing price spread (from farm-to-fork) and a decline in farmers’ terms of trade and in real food retail prices.
Resources
Authors: Hansen Henning Otte 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAgricultural and food production is fundamentally about exploiting natural resources. Resource utilization in agriculture is especially important now and will continue to be in the future due to the scarcity of natural resources. Both agricultural land and water are becoming increasingly scarce resources worldwide. Increasing production on existing agricultural land is necessary, which demands a greater focus on resource utilization and increasing productivity. The richer and more developed a country, the higher the agricultural productivity. During economic growth, labor productivity increases while labor leaves agriculture. Increasing productivity in agriculture represents both an opportunity and a necessity. Increasing productivity is also achieved by new technology, but parallel to this, organic production and consumption is also an increasing trend. Technological advances resulting in increasing productivity and innovation is constantly driving the agricultural treadmill.
A de Sitter S-matrix from amputated cosmological correlators
Authors: Melville Scott , Pimentel Guilherme L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Extending scattering to states with unphysical mass values (particles “off their mass shell”) has been instrumental in developing modern amplitude technology for Minkowski spacetime. Here, we study the off-shell correlators which underpin the recently proposed S-matrix for scattering on de Sitter spacetime. By labelling each particle with both a spatial momentum and an independent “energy” variable (the de Sitter analogue of a 4-momentum), we find that the practical computation of these correlators is greatly simplified. This allows us to derive compact expressions for all 3- and 4-particle S-matrices at tree-level for scalar fields coupled through any derivative interactions. As on Minkowski, we find that the 3-particle and exchange part of the 4-particle S-matrices are unique (up to crossing). The remaining contact part of the 4-particle S-matrix is an analytic function of just two differential operators, which become the usual Mandelstam variables in the Minkowski limit. Finally, we introduce a spectral decomposition for the tree-level exchange of a heavy field responsible for a cosmological collider signal. Once projected onto physical mass eigenstates, these S-matrix elements encode the statistical properties of the early inflationary perturbations.
Dark Matter physics in general NMSSM
Authors: Meng Lei , Cao Junjie , Li Fei , Yang Shenshen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the General Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (GNMSSM), singlet particles may form a secluded sector of dark matter (DM), in which Singlino-like DM could achieve the observed relic abundance through various channels such as $$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0\to {h}_s{h}_s $$

χ
~

1
0

χ
~

1
0

→

h
s

h
s

, AsAs, hsAs, where hs and As represent singlet-dominated CP-even and CP-odd Higgs bosons. We provide analytical formulas for both the spin-independent and spin-dependent cross sections of Singlino DM scattering with nucleons, illustrating their dependence on the model’s parameters in a clear manner. We also present analytic expressions for the annihilation cross sections of these three important channels. Based on these preparations, we conducted Bayesian analyses of the GNMSSM and concluded that the theory significantly favored Singlino-dominated DM over Bino-like DM across a much broader range of parameters. The combined results from our numerical analyses and the formulas distinctly highlight crucial aspects of DM physics within the GNMSSM.
A geometric dual of F-maximization in massive type IIA
Authors: Couzens Christopher , Lüscher Alice 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Using equivariant localization we construct a geometric dual of F-maximization in massive type IIA supergravity. Our results use only topological data to quantize the fluxes, compute the free-energy and conformal dimensions of operators in the dual field theory without the need for explicit solutions. We utilize our formalism to study various classes of solutions, including examples where an explicit solution is not known.
Quaternion Convolutional Neural Networks: Current Advances and Future Directions
Authors: Altamirano-Gomez Gerardo , Gershenson Carlos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince their first applications, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have solved problems that have advanced the state-of-the-art in several domains. CNNs represent information using real numbers. Despite encouraging results, theoretical analysis shows that representations such as hyper-complex numbers can achieve richer representational capacities than real numbers, and that Hamilton products can capture intrinsic interchannel relationships. Moreover, in the last few years, experimental research has shown that Quaternion-valued CNNs (QCNNs) can achieve similar performance with fewer parameters than their real-valued counterparts. This paper condenses research in the development of QCNNs from its very beginnings. We propose a conceptual organization of current trends and analyze the main building blocks used in the design of QCNN models. Based on this conceptual organization, we propose future directions of research.
Salkowski curves and spherical epicycloids
Authors: Monterde J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe relationship between Salkowski curves, a family of slant helices with constant curvature and non-constant torsion, and the family of spherical epicycloid curves is studied. It is shown that, for some values of the parameter defining the Salkowski curve, the curve is the image by a shear transformation along the z-axis of a spherical epicycle. Therefore, the projection of both curves on the xy-plane is the same. This result can be extended to the whole family of Salkowski curves if some parameter defining the spherical epicycle is allowed to be a complex imaginary number.
Sedation and analgesia in the trauma intensive care unit of Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital – the effect of anti-retroviral therapy: A retrospective chart analysis
Authors: Mngoma O. G. , Hardcastle T. C. , De Vasconcellos K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Adequate access to antiretrovirals (ARV) has improved the longevity and quality of life of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Antiretrovirals are known to cause multiple drug–drug interactions. It was noted clinically that patients on ARVs appeared to be more difficult to sedate. This begs the question of the clinical impact of these drug interactions, should clinicians adjust sedative dosages when managing patients on ARVs? This study aimed to investigate the presence of and measure the differences in sedation and analgesic utilisation between polytrauma patients on ARVs and those not on ARVs.

Methods
This retrospective observational chart review included consecutive adult polytrauma patients admitted to the Trauma ICU IALCH between January 2016 and December 2019. HIV status and ARV use was documented. The total sedation per drug utilised at 24, 48 and 72-hour interval was calculated and tabulated accordingly. Drug utilisation was compared to ARV status.

Results
A total of 216 adult polytrauma patients were included in the study. A total of 44 patients were HIV positive and 172 were HIV negative. Of the HIV positive patients 41 (93.2%) were on ARVs. Multiple comparisons were confirmed, however the primary analysis compared HIV negative patients with HIV positive patients on ARV. Total morphine, ketamine, midazolam and propofol doses were all numerically greater in patients on ARVs, although none of these reached statistical significance. The use of morphine rescue boluses during the first 72 h of ICU admission and the doses of ketamine and propofol on ICU day 3 were significantly greater in those on ARVs.

Conclusion
The data analysis showed that patients on ARVs required higher doses of some analgesia and sedation in ICU and lower doses of midazolam. This needs to be considered when sedating patients in a setting with a high HIV prevalence.