bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and decay of ethylenethiourea (ETU) in soil and water under tropical conditions
Authors: Elizabeth Ruiz Suárez Luz , Geissen Violette , Jarquín Sánchez Aarón , Castro Chan Ricardo A. , Bello‐Mendoza Ricardo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMancozeb is a fungicide frequently used in tropical countries. It rapidly decomposes into ethylenethiourea (ETU), a more stable and toxic metabolite than mancozeb that is, therefore, regarded as a pollutant of concern. The objective was to study ETU formation and decay kinetics in soil and water under tropical conditions in order to assess its potential for accumulation. Batch experiments, spiked with either mancozeb or ETU, were carried out under natural (= active) as well as tyndallized conditions. In active soils, dissipation of ETU occurred significantly faster (half‐life 1.5 h) than in tyndallized soils (half‐life time 28 h). In water under natural and sterile conditions, decay was slower than in soils with an ETU half‐life time of 115 and 99 h, respectively. Microbial activity was seen to play an important role in ETU dissipation in soil. However, in water nonbiological processes seem to be more important in the breakdown of the molecule, with hydrolysis being the most probable decay mechanism. Decay of both mancozeb and ETU was found to occur more rapidly than previously reported. The high humidity and temperatures under the simulated humid tropical conditions, and higher microbial activity, lead to more rapid decay of these molecules than under other conditions. Nevertheless, a concentration of 1.29 mg ETU L–1 was still observed 8 d after adding mancozeb (20.83 mg L–1) to water under humid tropical conditions. These results suggest that, in comparable regions in the humid tropics, it is unlikely that ETU would accumulate in soil but it represents a potential risk for accumulation in water bodies.
Risk, Fitness to Practice, and Disabled Health Care Students
Authors: Walker Stuart , Dearnley Christine , Hargreaves Janet , Walker Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe United Kingdom Equality Act of 2010 poses challenges to regulators, educators, and employers to ensure that disabled people are not excluded from health care professions on the basis of their impairment. Professional bodies must also anticipate the needs of disabled people and facilitate inclusion.In this article, we discuss some of the current tensions that exist between U.K. antidiscrimination legislation and the professional and statutory regulatory bodies that govern registration of health and social care practitioners in the United Kingdom. We present research that used a mixed methods approach to explore the tensions between higher education and placement providers in the health sector.Disabled students and health professionals engaged in semistructured interviews, and a survey explored the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of professional staff from a range of disciplines and institutions. Findings suggest that the negative feelings disabled students report are also evident in responses from health care professionals.Notions of risk emerge as a key issue from the data. We discuss whether the risk is perceived or actual and develop models to challenge existing preconceptions about the risk posed by disabled students when training as health care professionals. Finally, we suggest that while work clearly needs to be done in this area, some of this work can be addressed through the development of an inclusive curriculum for all health care practitioners. This article proposes an educational model of risk with which to guide this process.
Repressive translational control in germ cells
Authors: Lai Fangfang , King Mary Lou 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe earliest stages of embryonic development in many animals proceed without zygotic transcription. Genetic control is executed by maternally inherited mRNAs that are under translational control. To set aside the future germ cell lineage, it is pivotal to both exert translational regulation of maternal germline mRNAs and to repress maternal signals in those same cells that drive somatic cell‐fate determination. Here we review repressive translational regulation in the germline from the perspective of the conserved RNA binding proteins Pumilio and Nanos, and discuss common themes that have emerged. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80:665–676, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An unexplored ethical issue in clinical research: Disclosure of individual findings in the Creando Posibilidades [creating possibilities] study
Authors: Stein Karen Farchaus , Keller Colleen , Fishstrom Astrid 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIndividual disclosure refers to the presumptive ethical responsibility of an investigator to communicate to a study participant information that was collected as a part of a research study protocol and is specific to the individual. Currently, there are no federal regulatory guidelines specifying the conditions and management of disclosure of health‐related individual‐specific information. In this report, the authors discuss the challenges associated with individual disclosure in the context of a longitudinal descriptive study. Arguments favoring disclosure and those challenging disclosure as a general ethical duty are presented. Finally, strategies for addressing individual disclosure are discussed using a research exemplar in which risk behaviors related to health outcomes were measured. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36:311–319, 2013
Charge‐transfer complex coupled between polymer and H‐aggregate molecular crystals
Authors: Zhang Xinping , Dou Fei , Liu Hongmei 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCrystal needles of N,N′‐bis(1‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4,9,10‐perylenebis(dicarboximide) (EPPTC) are produced through p‐stacking and are embedded in the thin film of poly(9,9‐din‐hexylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl) (PFO) when the blend solution of EPPTC and PFO in p‐xylene is spin‐coated onto a glass substrate. Charge transfer (CT) complex is resolved from the spectroscopic response of the blend film, which is generated only when the PFO molecules are excited. Thus, the PFO molecules are specified as donors and the H‐aggregated EPPTC as acceptors in the formation of CT state (CTS). The emission resulting from the CTS in the red is further recognized by its much longer lifetime than both the intrinsic emission of the individual EPPTC molecules and that of their pure aggregates. Near‐field analysis verifies that the CTS form on the boundary between the PFO and the crystal phases. The CT exciton forms by bounding the hole left on HOMO of the donor (PFO) and the indirectly transferred electron to the H‐aggregate state of EPPTC, which transits back to the ground state by emitting a photon at about 650 nm. This introduces special physics in the heterojunctions that are coupled with the H‐aggregates and mechanisms important for the design of organic photovoltaic devices. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
The looping constant of Zd
Authors: Levine Lionel , Peres Yuval 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe looping constant is the expected number of neighbors of the origin that lie on the infinite loop‐erased random walk in . Poghosyan, Priezzhev, and Ruelle, and independently, Kenyon and Wilson, proved recently that . We consider the infinite volume limits as of three different statistics: (1) The expected length of the cycle in a uniform spanning unicycle of G; (2) The expected density of a uniform recurrent state of the abelian sandpile model on G; and (3) The ratio of the number of spanning unicycles of G to the number of rooted spanning trees of G. We show that all three limits are rational functions of the looping constant . In the case of , their respective values are 8, and . © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 45, 1–13, 2014
l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesias in unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats are not modified by excitotoxic lesion of the entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata
Authors: Gago Belén , Marin Concepció , Rodríguez‐Oroz María C. , Obeso José A. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTl‐Dopa‐induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are a troublesome complication in Parkinson's disease after long‐term therapy and a major reason for surgical treatment. LIDs are effectively eliminated by surgery. We aimed to reproduce such effect in the 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐lesioned rat model. Single or combined lesions with quinolinic acid were caused in the entopeduncular nucleus (EP) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) on 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐lesioned rats treated for 3 weeks with l‐Dopa (6 mg/kg plus 15 mg/kg benserazide, i.p.). l‐Dopa administration was continued for a further week following the lesion and abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) scored at the end of treatment. Neither the individual lesions of the EP and SNr nor the combined lesions had any antidyskinetic effect nor decreased the total number of rotations. These results suggest that excitotoxic lesions of neurons bodies of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia, which destroy cell bodies and spare fibers of passage, do not induce a beneficial reduction of dyskinesias in contrast to thermolytic lesions in humans (which provokes a complete tissue destruction), thus supporting the possibility that other nuclei or systems might be involved in the antidyskinetic effect of pallidotomy. Synapse 67:407–414, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of Obesity on Early Surgical and Oncologic Outcomes after Total Gastrectomy with “Over‐D1” Lymphadenectomy for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Pata Giacomo , Solaini Leonardo , Roncali Stefano , Pasini Mario , Ragni Fulvio 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) on perioperative and pathologic outcomes after total gastrectomy with “over‐D1” dissection for gastric cancer.MethodsData on 161 patients undergoing total gastrectomy between 2005 and 2011 were reviewed. Patients were grouped into three categories by BMI: BMI < 25 kg/m2 (63 normal‐weight patients; 39.1 %), BMI ≥ 25–<30 kg/m2 (73 overweight patients; 45.3 %), and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (25 obese patients; 15.6 %) and matched for the analysis of perioperative and cancer‐related outcomes.ResultsOperative time was longer for obese patients. Medical (mainly pulmonary) and surgical (mainly bleeding and wound infection) complications occurred more frequently in overweight/obese subjects. However, they were mostly managed conservatively (grade I–II in the Clavien‐Dindo classification). The overall postoperative mortality was 0.9 %. Multivariate analysis identified the American Society of Anesthesiologists score and splenectomy, but not obesity, as independent risk factors for postoperative complications. The median number of lymph nodes retrieved differed significantly from group to group: obese 21 (IQR 18–26), versus overweight 24, versus normal weight 28 (p = 0.031). No difference was found in lymph node ratio and cancer‐related parameters.ConclusionsObese patients with operable gastric cancer can be candidates for standard extensive surgical resection, provided that pre‐existing co‐morbidities and potential intraoperative and postoperative complications are considered.
COMPLETE SPACELIKE SUBMANIFOLDS IN DE SITTER SPACES WITH
Authors: LIU JIANCHENG , ZHANG JINGJING 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we give a classification of spacelike submanifolds with parallel normalised mean curvature vector field and linear relation$R= aH+ b$of the normalised scalar curvature$R$and the mean curvature$H$in the de Sitter space${ S}_{p}^{n+ p} (c)$.
The hyperarticulation hypothesis of infant-directed speech
Authors: CRISTIA ALEJANDRINA , SEIDL AMANDA 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTTypically, the point vowels [i,ɑ,u] are acoustically more peripheral in infant-directed speech (IDS) compared to adult-directed speech (ADS). If caregivers seek to highlight lexically relevant contrasts in IDS, then two sounds that are contrastive should become more distinct, whereas two sounds that are surface realizations of the same underlying sound category should not. To test this prediction, vowels that are phonemically contrastive ([i–ɪ] and [eɪ–ε]), vowels that map onto the same underlying category ([æ–] and [ε–]), and the point vowels [i,ɑ,u] were elicited in IDS and ADS by American English mothers of two age groups of infants (four- and eleven-month-olds). As in other work, point vowels were produced in more peripheral positions in IDS compared to ADS. However, there was little evidence of hyperarticulation per se (e.g. [i–ɪ] washypoarticulated). We suggest that across-the-board lexically based hyperarticulation is not a necessary feature of IDS.
Microscopy Analysis of Pyramid Formation Evolution with Ultra-Low Concentrated Na2CO3/NaHCO3 Solution on (100) Si for Solar Cell Application
Authors: Montesdeoca-Santana Amada , Orive Alejandro González , Creus Alberto Hernández , González-Díaz Benjamín , Borchert Dietmar , Guerrero-Lemus Ricardo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn analysis of the nucleation mechanism of pyramids formed in (100) silicon in Na2CO3/NaHCO3 solution has been carried out. This texturization process of silicon by means of Na2CO3/NaHCO3 solutions is of special interest because it can be applied to the silicon solar cell industry to texture solar cell surfaces to decrease the front reflection and enhance light trapping in the cells. For this purpose, two microscopy techniques—scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy—have been used to study the different stages of pyramidal nucleation and formation. The different aspects and factors involved in the texturization process require different analysis conditions and microscopy resolution. Tracing the transformation of determined surface areas and structures has been achieved, contributing clarification of the mechanism of pyramid nucleation in Na2CO3/NaHCO3 solutions.
Random Dieudonné modules, random -divisible groups, and random curves over finite fields
Authors: Cais Bryden , Ellenberg Jordan S. , Zureick-Brown David 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe describe a probability distribution on isomorphism classes of principally quasi-polarized $p$-divisible groups over a finite field $k$ of characteristic $p$ which can reasonably be thought of as a ‘uniform distribution’, and we compute the distribution of various statistics ($p$-corank, $a$-number, etc.) of $p$-divisible groups drawn from this distribution. It is then natural to ask to what extent the $p$-divisible groups attached to a randomly chosen hyperelliptic curve (respectively, curve; respectively, abelian variety) over $k$ are uniformly distributed in this sense. This heuristic is analogous to conjectures of Cohen–Lenstra type for $\text{char~} k\not = p$, in which case the random $p$-divisible group is defined by a random matrix recording the action of Frobenius. Extensive numerical investigation reveals some cases of agreement with the heuristic and some interesting discrepancies. For example, plane curves over ${\mathbf{F} }_{3} $ appear substantially less likely to be ordinary than hyperelliptic curves over ${\mathbf{F} }_{3} $.
Formalization of linking information in the FrameNet lexicon
Authors: Gotsoulia Voula 
Published: February 2013

The paper presents a novel approach to formalization of linking information in the FrameNet lexicon and to acquisition of a principled syntax-semantics interface, suitable for generalizing over combinatorial properties (valences) of predicators. Focusing on verbs that denote ‘notions’, it adopts an entailment-based view of the concept of semantic role, proposing representations of verbal arguments based on semantically primitive, grammatically relevant properties, entailed by the meaning of predicators (lexical entailments). Such generic meaning components abstract over various semantic relations which humans tend to express systematically through language. A limited set of prototypical role-like concepts can be used for modeling the linking properties of a wide range of verbs, in a well-ordered fashion.
In a preliminary study, frame-semantic representations of a set of notion verbs are mapped onto lexical entailment representations, in a portion of the FrameNet corpora. From the annotated data set, associations of semantic and grammatical categories are extracted and are formally rendered in entailment-based classes called Lexicalization Types (L-Types). L-Types are speciﬁed in terms of combinations of entailed properties, encoding distinctive predicate-argument structure patterns. A small number of L-Types is shown to readily abstract over the valence patterns of verbs classiﬁed in a variety of FrameNet frames. The latter are not systematically connected for purposes of linking. Valence generalizations in the FrameNet lexicon are acquired through appropriate frame-to-frame relations forming the frame hierarchy. L-Types can be represented as abstract, non-lexicalized frames specifying linking constraints. Mappings between L-Types and more speciﬁc frames can be encoded by means of a new frame relation modeling the syntax-semantics interface. Such a relation would simplify the current picture of the frame hierarchy by essentially decoupling purely lexical semantic information from information pertaining to linking.
Arab authors in Israel writing in Hebrew
Authors: Shakour Adel 
Published: February 2013

This article reports on the phenomenon of Arab authors in Israel writing in Hebrew. “Writing in Hebrew” refers to literary works originally written in Hebrew or translated from Arabic to Hebrew. The article examines the status of Arabic for Israeli Arabs, the scale of the phenomenon of writing in Hebrew, the bilingual literary works of Arab authors in Israel, and Israeli society’s acceptance of Arab authors writing in Hebrew.
Some ten Arab novelists are currently writing in Hebrew in Israel, an apparently growing trend among Arab authors. The choice of these Arab authors to write in Hebrew is a conscious aesthetic choice and a reflection of their natural gift for writing and mastery of Hebrew. The ten writers are: Anton Shammas, Naim Araidi, Sayed Kashua, Atallah Mansour, Jurays Ṭannūs, Muhammad Ghanaim, Osama Abu-Ghosh, Odeh Basharat, Ayman Siksik, and Salman Natur.
The More You Know the Less You Know, But That's OK: Developments in the Developmental Approach to Intellectual Disability
Authors: Burack Jacob A. , Russo Natalie , Flores Heidi , Iarocci Grace , Zigler Edward 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe adage “the more you know, the less you know” may best describe the contributions of the developmental approach to the study of persons with intellectual disability. Based on this premise, we trace the development of the approach from its origins in the 19th century, and highlight both the advances and difficulties of an increasingly precise science that involves differentiating among etiological groups and fine-tuned developmental concepts. We also provide an overview of the five sections of the volume.
Linking Genes to Cognition: The Case of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Cornish Kim M. , Bertone Armando , Kogan Cary S. , Scerif Gaia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter draws together the plethora of findings from a decade of research on fragile X syndrome (FXS) in order to demonstrate how disruption to a single gene can impact across multiple levels (brain, cognitive, behavioral levels) and across developmental time. It begins by describing how some of the major advances in genetic, cognitive, and brain technologies have facilitated a decade of exploration of the gene–brain–behavior relationship in developmental disorders. It then illustrates the fruitfulness of this approach using the case of FXS. It focuses on the current knowledge of the fragile X cognitive phenotype and highlights the importance of using a cross-syndrome perspective to further delineate “signature” profiles. The chapter concludes with future research directions that specifically focus on comparisons of cross-syndrome performance over developmental time and the use of the cross-cultural context to delineate the contributions of similar genes within the context of different cultural environments to the developmental outcomes of different disorders.
Language Development in Childhood, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood in Persons with Down Syndrome
Authors: Chapman Robin S. , Kay-Raining Bird Elizabeth 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of the emerging language profile in children, adolescents, and young adults with Down syndrome (DS). It reviews in detail studies of expressive language skill in vocabulary, speech—motor skill, syntax, and pragmatics, and includes a section on studies of receptive language skill in vocabulary and syntax. Finally, the chapter considers proposed causes of the behavioral language phenotype and individual variation in its expression, and discusses the implications of the findings.
Socioemotional and Brain Development in Children with Genetic Syndromes Associated with Developmental Delay
Authors: Niccols Alison , Thomas Karen , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter reviews studies of social and behavioral development, emotional development and temperament, and brain development and psychophysiology in children with the six most common genetic syndromes associated with developmental delay (Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Williams syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, and Angelman syndrome). We review recent research on relations among brain, psychophysiological, and socioemotional development in these children, placing particular emphasis on how each of these genetic disorders provides researchers with evidence and a model to understand the links among gene-, brain-, and behavior relations.
The Assessment and Presentation of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associated Characteristics in Individuals with Severe Intellectual Disability and Genetic Syndromes
Authors: Moss Joanna , Howlin Patricia , Oliver Chris 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter considers the prevalence and nature of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and associated symptomatology in the intellectual disability population, with particular focus on three genetically determined syndromes—Fragile X syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, and Rett syndrome—that have received particular attention with respect to their association with ASD. It then considers the importance of accurate assessment and diagnosis of ASD in individuals with genetically determined syndromes. It describes the methods and tools available for assessing ASD in individuals with intellectual disability, and explores the appropriateness of these assessments for identifying ASD in individuals with genetically determined syndromes associated with intellectual disability.
Family Well-being and Children with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Glidden Laraine Masters 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter examines the variability of parents' reactions to rearing children with intellectual and other developmental disabilities (IDD) in order to provide tentative conclusions regarding the factors that influence it. The intent is to update the review of published research, concentrating on the years since 1997 to avoid duplication with the 1998 reviews of Minnes and Shapiro et al. It highlights research with children with intellectual disability (ID), although evidence from studies of children with other developmental disabilities is included when it is conceptually and scientifically relevant. The chapter focuses on parental emotional responses and parent and family well-being, attending to positive emotions such as feelings of satisfaction, reward, pride, and happiness, as well as negative emotions such as depression, pessimism, anxiety, and anger.