bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clay mineralogy differs qualitatively in aggregate‐size classes: clay‐mineral‐based evidence for aggregate hierarchy in temperate soils
Authors: Fernández‐Ugalde O. , Barré P. , Hubert F. , Virto I. , Girardin C. , Ferrage E. , Caner L. , Chenu C. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryClay minerals have a major role in soil aggregation because of their large specific surface area and surface charges, which stimulate interactions with other mineral particles and organic matter. Soils usually contain a mixture of clay minerals with contrasting surface properties. Although these differences should result in different abilities of clay minerals regarding aggregate formation and stabilization, the role of different clay minerals in aggregation has been seldom evaluated. In this study, we took advantage of the intrinsic mineral heterogeneity of a temperate Luvisol to compare the role of clay minerals in aggregation. First, grassland and tilled soil samples were separated in water into aggregate‐size classes based on the aggregate hierarchy model. Then, clay mineralogy and organic C in the aggregate‐size classes were analysed. Interstratified minerals containing swelling phases accumulated in aggregated fractions compared with free clay fractions under the two land‐uses. The accumulation increased with decreasing aggregate size from large macroaggregates (> 500 µm) to microaggregates (50–250 µm). Carbon content and carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio followed the opposite trend. This fully supports the aggregate hierarchy model, which postulates an increasing importance of mineral reactivity in smaller aggregates than in larger aggregates in which the cohesion relies mostly on physical enmeshment by fungal hyphae or small roots. Consequently, differences in the proportion of the different 2:1 clay minerals in soils can influence their structure development. Further research on the links between clay mineralogy and aggregation can improve our understanding of mechanisms of soil resistance to erosion and organic matter stabilization.
Can replacement of native by non‐native trout alter stream‐riparian food webs?
Authors: Benjamin Joseph R. , Lepori Fabio , Baxter Colden V. , Fausch Kurt D. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryNon‐native species can affect food web and community structure, including the flow of resources from one habitat to another. In many streams of western North America, non‐native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) have replaced native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii). Because brook trout naturally occur at higher densities and exhibit different feeding habits, this replacement may have consequences for a range of organisms in stream‐riparian food webs.We conducted a large‐scale, 2‐month field experiment to test whether, compared with cutthroat trout, brook trout reduce benthic insects, cause an increase in stream algae, and reduce emerging adult aquatic insects as well as riparian spiders that rely on emergence as prey. Twenty enclosed reaches from which trout were removed were treated by adding age‐1 and older: (i) cutthroat trout at natural density (0.15 fish m−2); (ii) brook trout at a natural density (0.40 fish m−2); (iii) brook trout at a low density equal to the cutthroat trout treatment (0.15 fish m−2) or (iv) no trout added.Brook trout reduced the flux of emerging insects by 55% compared with cutthroat trout, but, surprisingly, only at the lower density. This reduction in emergent insects was predicted to reduce spider abundance by 20%, provided that sufficient branches were available to support riparian spider webs. We also detected an effect of trout on large‐bodied benthic and emerging insects, but not on the entire assemblage of benthic insects, or periphyton.We hypothesise that our results were influenced by trout foraging behaviour mediated by their density and size structure. Regardless of the mechanisms responsible, our results indicate that non‐native brook trout can reduce the flux of emerging insects, and further analysis showed that this could reduce riparian spiders and birds that prey on them. Similar effects of non‐native fish are likely to occur in lotic and lentic waters beyond the western United States.
Head‐to‐head comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles of a high‐purity factor IX concentrate (AlphaNine®) and a recombinant factor IX (BeneFIX®) in patients with severe haemophilia B
Authors: Lissitchkov T. , Matysiak M. , Zavilska K. , Laguna P. , Gercheva L. , Antonov A. , Moret A. , Caunedo P. , Aznar J. A. , Woodward M. K. , Páez A. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryHead‐on comparative studies of factor IX (FIX) concentrates performed under standardized conditions are rarely conducted regardless of being a valuable instrument guiding health care providers towards better informed and cost‐effective decisions. This study is an extension of a multicentre study that assessed the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of AlphaNine® in 25 previously treated patients with severe haemophilia B (FIX:C ≤ 2%). After a washout period ≥7 days following the last PK performed with AlphaNine® after a dose of 65–75 IU kg−1, an identical PK study was performed with BeneFIX® on 22 of the same patients. Venous blood samples for analysis were taken at baseline and at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, 24, 48, 72 and 74 h post infusion. The outcomes of the comparison of the PK parameters were as follows: Mean (±SD) in vivo recovery (IVR) was 1.3 ± 0.4 IU dL−1 per IU kg−1 for AlphaNine® and 1.0 ± 0.3 IU dL−1 per IU kg−1 for BeneFIX® (P < 0.01). Mean terminal half‐life, mean residence time, area under the curve, clearance and volume of distribution of BeneFIX® were 36.0 ± 12.8 h, 39.3 ± 13.9 h, 1631 ± 467 IU h dL−1, 0.046 ± 0.01 dL kg−1 min−1 and 1.75 ± 0.52 mL kg−1 respectively. These values were not significantly different to those observed in AlphaNine®, although BeneFIX® displayed higher than expected IVR values and lower than expected clearance values. In conclusion, AlphaNine® showed a comparable half‐life, but an IVR significantly higher than that of BeneFIX®. This dissimilarity may have implications on dosing requirements for on‐demand treatment regimes affecting optimal resource allocation.
Direct analysis of lipsticks by Sorptive tape‐like extraction laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: de Oliveira D. N. , Siqueira M. , Sartor S. , Catharino R. 
Published: May 2013

SynopsisObjectiveThe objective of this study is to create and establish a simple and rapid method for lipid evaluation in daily‐use female products, namely lipsticks.MethodologyThis approach uses STE‐LDI‐MSI for fast fingerprinting of complex lipids, such as triacylglycerols, phosphoglycerols and simpler structures as free fatty acids.ResultsThis work has focused on lipsticks of several brands globally marketed. With no sample preparation, it has demonstrated to readily identify compounds of interest by integrating both full scan and MS/MS data.ConclusionA novel and rapid technique for lipid evaluation in lipsticks is presented.
Red cell distribution width in migraine
Authors: Celikbilek A. , Zararsiz G. , Atalay T. , Tanik N. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIntroductionSeveral studies support the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of migraine. Red cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of heterogeneity in the size of circulating erythrocytes, is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure and stroke. This study was undertaken to assess the interrelationship between RDW and migraine.MethodHundred migraine patients (52 with aura) and age‐ and sex‐matched 100 control subjects were enrolled in the study. Migraine diagnosis was settled according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders‐II diagnostic criteria, and each subject was evaluated in terms of headache characteristics including severity, frequency, duration of the migraine attack, and the duration of the disease. Routine hematological analysis was applied for both of the groups.ResultsRDW was found to be significantly higher in patients with migraine than controls (P < 0.001). RDW was independently associated with migraine in multivariate model (P < 0.001). A cutoff value of 13.2 for RDW with a sensitivity of 0.69 (0.59–0.78) and a specificity of 0.61 (0.51–0.71) was obtained in the ROC analyses (κ = 0.300, P < 0.001). Clinical features, laboratory parameters, and headache characteristics did not significantly differ between the migraine patients with and without aura (P > 0.05). However, RDW was detected to positively correlate with attack duration in migraineurs (P < 0.05).ConclusionElevated RDW is associated with migraine requiring further efforts to clarify the actual underlying pathophysiology.
Simplified negative pressure wound therapy: clinical evaluation of an ultraportable, no‐canister system
Authors: Hudson Donald A , Adams Kevin G , Van Huyssteen Adriaan , Martin Robin , Huddleston Elizabeth M 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate a prototype negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) system that has been developed to simplify NPWT for wounds at the lower end of the acuity scale. The new device has a single preset pressure of −80 mmHg, is single use and operates without an exudate canister. The disposable NPWT system (PICO™) was tested in a prospective, non‐comparative, multicentre clinical trial to assess device functionality and clinical acceptance. Twenty patients were recruited for a maximum treatment period of 14 days. The NPWT devices were fitted with data log chips to enable longitudinal assessment of negative pressure and leak rates during therapy. Sixteen (80%) patients had closed surgical wounds, two (10%) patients had traumatic wounds and two (10%) patients received meshed split thickness skin grafts. The mean study duration was 10·7 days (range: 5–14 days) and the mean dressing wear time per individual patient was 4·6 days (range: 2–11). Fifty‐five percent of wounds had closed by the end of the 14‐day study or earlier, with a further 40% of wounds progressing to closure. Real‐time pressure monitoring showed continuous delivery of NPWT. Three cases are discussed representing different wound locations and different patient factors that can increase the risk of post‐surgical complications. Clinical studies of the disposable NPWT system confirmed the ability of the simplified single‐use device to function consistently over the expected wear time. The anticipated reduced costs, ease of use and increased mobility of patients using this system may enable NPWT benefits to be available to a greater proportion of patients.
Effects of Open‐Irrigated Radiofrequency Ablation Catheter Design on Lesion Formation and Complications: In Vitro Comparison of 6 Different Devices
Authors: GUERRA JOSE M. , JORGE ESTHER , RAGA SILVIA , GÁLVEZ‐MONTÓN CAROLINA , ALONSO‐MARTÍN CONCEPCIÓN , RODRÍGUEZ‐FONT ENRIQUE , CINCA JUAN , VIÑOLAS XAVIER 
Published: May 2013

In Vitro Comparison of Open‐Irrigated CathetersIntroductionOpen‐irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheters with slight differences in tip architecture are widely used, although limited comparative data are available. The purpose of this study was to compare the lesion size and potential complications produced by commercially available open‐irrigated catheters in an in vitro porcine heart model.Methods and ResultsSix catheters were tested (Biosense Webster Thermocool, Boston Scientific Open irrigated, St. Jude CoolPath, St. Jude CoolPath Duo, Biosense Webster Thermocool SF, St. Jude Cool Flex) at 20 and 35 W power‐control, under 2 different blood flows (0.1 and 0.5 m/s) and at 2 target durations (30 and 60 seconds). A total of 601 lesions were made in 26 in vitro preparations. The tip temperature profile showed significant differences between the catheters (P < 0.001) with the Thermocool SF registering the lowest. Only the surface diameter and the depth at maximum diameter of the lesion were influenced by the design of the ablation electrode. The lesion volume did not show significant differences between catheters for any power, application duration or blood flow condition. Char and pops occurred more often at 35 W with only slight differences between the catheters.ConclusionsTip design of the 6 different irrigated catheters does not affect the lesion total volume, although a slight difference in lesion geometry in terms of surface diameter and depth at maximum diameter is present. The catheters show a slight different in vitro safety profile
Apamin‐Sensitive Calcium‐Activated Potassium Currents in Rabbit Ventricles with Chronic Myocardial Infarction
Authors: LEE YOUNG SOO , CHANG PO‐CHENG , HSUEH CHIA‐HSIANG , MARUYAMA MITSUNORI , PARK HYUNG WOOK , RHEE KYOUNG‐SUK , HSIEH YU‐CHENG , SHEN CHANGYU , WEISS JAMES N. , CHEN ZHENHUI , LIN SHIEN‐FONG , CHEN PENG‐SHENG 
Published: May 2013

SK Currents in Chronic MIIntroductionThe apamin‐sensitive small‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium current (IKAS) is increased in heart failure. It is unknown if myocardial infarction (MI) is also associated with an increase of IKAS.Methods and ResultsWe performed Langendorff perfusion and optical mapping in 6 normal hearts and 10 hearts with chronic (5 weeks) MI. An additional 6 normal and 10 MI hearts were used for patch clamp studies. The infarct size was 25% (95% confidence interval, 20–31) and the left ventricular ejection fraction was 50 (46–54). The rabbits did not have symptoms of heart failure. The action potential duration measured to 80% repolarization (APD80) in the peri‐infarct zone (PZ) was 150 (142–159) milliseconds, significantly (P = 0.01) shorter than that in the normal ventricles (167 [158–177] milliseconds. The intracellular Ca transient duration was also shorter in the PZ (148 [139–157] milliseconds) than that in normal ventricles (168 [157–180] milliseconds; P = 0.017). Apamin prolonged the APD80 in PZ by 9.8 (5.5–14.1)%, which is greater than that in normal ventricles (2.8 [1.3–4.3]%, P = 0.006). Significant shortening of APD80 was observed at the cessation of rapid pacing in MI but not in normal ventricles. Apamin prevented postpacing APD80 shortening. Patch clamp studies showed that IKAS was significantly higher in the PZ cells (2.51 [1.55–3.47] pA/pF, N = 17) than in the normal cells (1.08 [0.36–1.80] pA/pF, N = 15, P = 0.019).ConclusionWe conclude that IKAS is increased in MI ventricles and contributes significantly to ventricular repolarization especially during tachycardia.
Long‐term results after treatment of periodontitis in patients with Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome: success and failure
Authors: Nickles Katrin , Schacher Beate , Ratka‐Krüger Petra , Krebs Mischa , Eickholz Peter 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimRetrospective evaluation of periodontal status in patients with Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) observed for ≥10 years; identification of factors that may influence treatment outcome; and reporting of the outcome of dental implants in four PLS patients.MethodsAll PLS patients currently registered at the Department of Periodontology, Goethe‐University Frankfurt with a follow‐up ≥10 years (13–33 years; mean 22 years) were recruited. Eight patients (aged 17–46 years) from five families (three pairs of siblings) were included.ResultsAfter comprehensive periodontal therapy in eight PLS patients, teeth were retained in only two. In six patients, all teeth were extracted, almost entirely due to periodontal reasons. In four patients, teeth were prosthodontically restored with implants. Currently, three patients already show peri‐implantitis.ConclusionsIn some PLS patients, periodontitis may be arrested by: combined mechanical and antibiotic periodontal treatment; extraction of severely diseased teeth; oral hygiene instructions; intensive maintenance therapy; and microbiological monitoring and treatment of the infection with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Implants in PLS patients who did not follow any maintenance programme have a high risk of peri‐implantitis and implant loss. Treatment of PLS patients has always to be considered as high‐risk cases.
Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of class II furcation: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Luchesi Vanessa H. , Pimentel Suzana P. , Kolbe Maria F. , Ribeiro Fernanda V. , Casarin Renato C. , Nociti Francisco H. , Sallum Enilson A. , Casati Marcio Z. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as adjunct to mechanical therapy in furcations.Materials and MethodsA double‐blind, parallel, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in subjects presenting class II furcations. The subjects were randomly allocated to a test (PDT; n = 16) or control group (non‐activated laser/only photosensitizer; n = 21). At baseline, 3 and 6 months, clinical, microbiological and cytokine pattern evaluation was performed. Clinical attachment level was defined as the primary outcome variable.ResultsClinical parameters improved after both therapies (p < 0.05) with no differences between groups at any time point (p > 0.05). At 6 months, real‐time PCR evaluation showed a decrease in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia only in the PDT group (p < 0.05) with no inter‐group differences. Regarding cytokines, IL‐4 and IL‐10 levels increased in both groups at 6 months. GM‐CSF, IL‐8, IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels decreased only in the PDT group after 3 months (p < 0.05). At 3 months, inter‐group analyses showed that GM‐CSF, IFN‐γ, IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels were lower in the PDT group. At 6 months, lower IL‐1β levels were also observed in the PDT group (p < 0.05).ConclusionPhotodynamic therapy did not promote clinical benefits for class II furcations; however, advantages in local levels of cytokines and a reduction in periodontopathogens were demonstrated.
Sterols of the Green‐Pigmented, Freshwater Raphidophyte, Gonyostomum semen, from Scandinavian Lakes
Authors: Leblond Jeffrey D. , Dahmen Aaron S. , Lebret Karen , Rengefors Karin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSterols are a class of membrane‐reinforcing, ringed lipids which have a long history of examination in algae as a means of deriving chemotaxonomic relationships and as potential lipidic biomarkers. The Raphidophyceae represent a class of harmful, bloom‐forming, marine and freshwater algae. To date, there have been four published examinations of their sterol composition, focusing primarily on brown‐pigmented, marine species within the genera, Chattonella, Fibrocapsa, and Heterosigma. Lacking in these examinations has been the species Gonyostomum semen Ehrenb., which is a green‐pigmented, freshwater raphidophyte with a worldwide distribution. The goal of this study was to examine the sterol composition of this nuisance alga, determine the potential of using its sterol profile as a biomarker, and finally to determine if there is any intraspecific variability between isolates. We have examined 21 isolates of G. semen from a number of Scandinavian lakes, and all were found to produce two major sterols, 24‐ethylcholesta‐5,22E‐dien‐3β‐ol and 24‐ethylcholest‐5‐en‐3β‐ol, and 24‐methylcholest‐5‐en‐3β‐ol as a minor sterol; the presence of 24‐ethylcholesta‐5,22E‐dien‐3β‐ol differentiates G. semen from brown‐pigmented, marine raphidophytes which generally lack it. The results of this study indicate that isolates of G. semen from geographically separate lakes across Finland and Scandinavia have the same sterol biosynthetic pathway, and that there is no evolutionary divergence between the isolates with regard to sterol composition. The sterols of G. semen are not considered to be useful biomarkers for this particular organism because they are commonly found in other algae and plants.
Accuracy and preference of measuring resting energy expenditure using a handheld calorimeter in healthy adults
Authors: Madden A. M. , Parker L. J. F. , Amirabdollahian F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundAccurate estimates of energy expenditure are required in clinical nutrition in order to determine the requirements of individuals and to inform feeding regimes. Calorimetry can provide accurate measurements but is often impractical in clinical or community settings; prediction equations are widely used to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE) but have limited accuracy. A portable, self‐calibrating, handheld calorimeter (HHC) may offer an alternative way of determining REE. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether estimates of REE derived using an HHC are closer to accurate measurements than values calculated using selected prediction equations.MethodsREE was measured in 36 healthy adults aged 21–58 years using a flow‐through indirect calorimeter (FIC) and HHC. Estimated REE was calculated using three predictive equations (Harris & Benedict; Schofield; Henry). Differences in REE between the ‘gold standard’ values derived using the FIC and those derived using the HHC and equations were examined using paired t‐tests and Bland Altman plots.ResultsMean REEHHC was significantly lower than mean REEFIC [4556 ± 1042 kJ (1089 ± 249 kcal) versus 6230 ± 895 kJ (1489 ± 214 kcal), P = 0.000] and also significantly lower than mean values calculated using all three equations. The mean difference between REEHHC and REEFIC [1674 ± 908 kJ (400 ± 217 kcal)] was significantly greater (P = 0.000) than the mean differences between the values calculated using the three prediction equations [272 ± 490 kJ (65 ± 117 kcal) (Harris‐Benedict), 264 ± 510 kJ (63 ± 122 kcal) (Schofield), 84 ± 502 kJ (20 ± 120 kcal) (Henry)].ConclusionsThe HHC provides estimates of REE in healthy people that are less accurate than those calculated using the prediction equations and so does not provide a useful alternative.
The mood stabilizer valproate activates human FGF1 gene promoter through inhibiting HDAC and GSK‐3 activities
Authors: Kao Chien‐Yu , Hsu Yi‐Chao , Liu Jen‐Wei , Lee Don‐Ching , Chung Yu‐Fen , Chiu Ing‐Ming 
Published: May 2013

AbstractValproic acid (VPA) is the primary mood‐stabilizing drug to exert neuroprotective effects and to treat bipolar disorder in clinic. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) has been shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell division, and neurogenesis. Human FGF1 gene 1B promoter (−540 to +31)‐driven green fluorescence (F1BGFP) has been shown to recapitulate endogenous FGF1 gene expression and facilitates the isolation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) from developing and adult mouse brains. In this study, we provide several lines of evidence to demonstrate the underlying mechanisms of VPA in activating FGF‐1B promoter activity: (i) VPA significantly increased the FGF‐1B mRNA expression and the percentage of F1BGFP(+) cells; (ii) the increase of F1BGFP expression by VPA involves changes of regulatory factor X (RFX) 1‐3 transcriptional complexes and the increase of histone H3 acetylation on the 18‐bp cis‐element of FGF‐1B promoter; (iii) treatments of other histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors, sodium butyrate and trichostatin A, significantly increased the expression levels of FGF‐1B, RFX2, and RFX3 transcripts; (iv) treatments of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK‐3) inhibitor, lithium, or GSK‐3 siRNAs also significantly activated FGF‐1B promoter; (v) VPA specifically enhanced neuronal differentiation in F1BGFP(+) embryonic stem cells and NSPCs rather than GFP(−) cells. This study suggested, for the first time, that VPA activates human FGF1 gene promoter through inhibiting HDAC and GSK‐3 activities.