bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural flood management from the farmer's perspective: criteria that affect uptake
Authors: Holstead K.L. , Kenyon W. , Rouillard J.J. , Hopkins J. , Galán‐Díaz C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInternationally, a wide set of measures are being considered to reduce flood risk: natural flood management (NFM) is one of them. NFM includes a broad range of measures that alter, restore or use landscape features to manage flood risk. By working with catchment‐wide hydrological and morphological processes, NFM aims to manage the sources and pathways of floodwaters. NFM can nevertheless conflict with other land uses, in particular agricultural food production. Our research aimed to explore farmers' perceptions of NFM and identify the criteria influencing decision making in implementation. Using findings from a workshop, qualitative interviews and a national survey carried out in Scotland, this paper identifies six key criteria that farmers consider when implementing NFM: economics, availability of advice and support, public perception, joined‐up policy, catchment planning and traditions. While a number of these criteria are consistent with the agri‐environment literature and other flood management studies, our study makes some novel findings regarding farmer perceptions and how NFM affects the farm business. We conclude that NFM installation could be encouraged through one‐to‐one advice from a trusted facilitator and long‐term financial incentives that compliment other farm payments. This should be combined with a catchment approach to flooding, which highlights shared responsibility for reducing flood risk.
Association between Oral Mucosal Lesions and Hygiene Habits in a Population of Removable Prosthesis Wearers
Authors: Ercalik‐Yalcinkaya Sebnem , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeThis prospective study evaluated the influence of self‐reported prosthesis hygiene regimens and prosthesis usage habits on the presence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) in complete removable and/or partial removable dental (CRDP/PRDP) prosthesis wearers (PWs).Materials and MethodsBetween January 2009 and January 2011, the conventional oral mucosa of 400 consecutive PWs (252 women; 148 men), aged between 29 and 86 years, were examined clinically. Information was derived considering the type and age of the prosthesis, hygiene level, frequency and style of prosthesis cleaning, overnight prosthesis use, storage conditions, and systemic diseases. Non‐prosthesis‐ and prosthesis‐related OMLs were identified. The data were analyzed using univariate (Chi‐square) and multivariate (logistic regression) tests to assess the development of OMLs as a function of the selected variables. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated at 95% confidence intervals (CI; α = 0.05).ResultsOf the 400 PWs, 21.5% had CRDP, 52.5% PRDP, and 25.8% CRD/PRD prostheses. Thirty‐two percent of the PWs cleaned their prosthesis once a day. Brushing the prosthesis with toothbrush and soap/toothpaste was the most commonly practiced cleaning regimen (85.8%). More than half (64.5%) of the PWs used their prosthesis overnight. Among all PWs, 37.8% had a prosthesis‐related OML. Stomatitis Newton Type II (46%) and Type III (38%) were the most common OMLs. OML frequency was higher in PWs having CRDPs than those having PRDPs (p < 0.05). Overnight prosthesis use (p = 0.003, OR: 13.65; 95% CI: 1.7–109.3), denture age ≥11 years (p = 0.017, OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.1–2.7), and immersion in water and solution (p = 0.023, OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.02–1.02) affected the incidence of OML significantly. Hypertension was the most common systemic disease (31.5%).ConclusionOvernight use, denture age, and storage conditions of CRDP or PRDPs demonstrated a more significant impact on OML incidence than frequency of cleaning. Oral healthcare programs for removable PWs should specifically provide education on prosthesis usage instructions.
Gratitude From Early Adulthood to Old Age
Authors: Allemand Mathias , Hill Patrick L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAre there age differences in gratitude from early adulthood to old age? The current studies tested several ways by which an association between age and dispositional gratitude may present, by considering multiple measures on both fronts. We used data from three cross‐sectional studies (total N = 1,736; total age range: 19–94). The results indicated that (a) age effects in gratitude are more likely to occur for subjective age in terms of future time perspective (i.e., people's perceptions of their remaining opportunities and time) than chronological age; (b) chronological age effects are more domain specific than general in nature; and (c) they are more likely to occur for the instrumental domain as compared to the interpersonal domain. Finally, the results indicated that (d) perceived future time, particularly with respect to remaining opportunities, mediates the relation between chronological age and general gratitude. Overall, the findings suggest that gratitude is subject to a variety of developmental influences across adulthood.
Differences in the developmental origins of the periosteum may influence bone healing
Authors: Ichikawa Y. , Watahiki J. , Nampo T. , Nose K. , Yamamoto G. , Irie T. , Mishima K. , Maki K. 
Published: September 2014

Background and ObjectiveThe jaw bone, unlike most other bones, is derived from neural crest stem cells, so we hypothesized that it may have different characteristics to bones from other parts of the body, especially in the nature of its periosteum. The periosteum exhibits osteogenic potential and has received considerable attention as a grafting material for the repair of bone and joint defects.Material and MethodsGene expression profiles of jaw bone and periosteum were evaluated byDNAmicroarray and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we perforated an area 2 mm in diameter on mouse frontal and parietal bones. Bone regeneration of these calvarial defects was evaluated using microcomputed tomography and histological analysis.ResultsTheDNAmicroarray data revealed close homology between the gene expression profiles within the ilium and femur. The gene expression of Wnt‐1,SOX10, nestin, and musashi‐1 were significantly higher in the jaw bone than in other locations. Microcomputed tomography and histological analysis revealed that the jaw bone had superior bone regenerative abilities than other bones.ConclusionJaw bone periosteum exhibits a unique gene expression profile that is associated with neural crest cells and has a positive influence on bone regeneration when used as a graft material to repair bone defects. A full investigation of the biological and mechanical properties of jaw bone as an alternative graft material for jaw reconstructive surgery is recommended.
Aldosterone breakthrough with benazepril in furosemide‐activated renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system in normal dogs
Authors: Lantis A. C. , Ames M. K. , Atkins C. E. , DeFrancesco T. C. , Keene B. W. , Werre S. R. 
Published: September 2014

Pilot studies in our laboratory revealed that furosemide‐induced renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) activation was not attenuated by the subsequent co‐administration of benazepril. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of benazepril on angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity and furosemide‐induced circulatingRAASactivation. Our hypothesis was that benazepril suppression ofACEactivity would not suppress furosemide‐induced circulatingRAASactivation, indicated by urinary aldosterone concentration. Ten healthy hound dogs were used in this study. The effect of furosemide (2 mg/kg p.o., q12h; Group F;n = 5) and furosemide plus benazepril (1 mg/kg p.o., q24h; GroupFB;n = 5) on circulatingRAASwas determined by plasmaACEactivity, 4–6 h posttreatment, and urinary aldosterone to creatinine ratio (UAldo:C) on days −1, −2, 1, 3, and 7. There was a significant increase in the averageUAldo:C (μg/g) after the administration of furosemide (Group F baseline [average of days −1 and −2]UAldo:C = 0.41,SD0.15; day 1UAldo:C = 1.1,SD0.56; day 3UAldo:C = 0.85,SD0.50; day 7UAldo:C = 1.1,SD0.80,P < 0.05). Benazepril suppressedACEactivity (U/L) in GroupFB(GroupFBbaselineACE = 16.4,SD4.2; day 1ACE = 3.5,SD1.4; day 3ACE = 1.6,SD1.3; day 7ACE = 1.4,SD1.4,P < 0.05) but did not significantly reduce aldosterone excretion (GroupFBbaselineUAldo:C = 0.35,SD0.16; day 1UAldo:C = 0.79,SD0.39; day 3UAldo:C 0.92,SD0.48, day 7UAldo:C = 0.99,SD0.48,P < 0.05). Benazepril decreased plasmaACEactivity but did not prevent furosemide‐inducedRAASactivation, indicating aldosterone breakthrough (escape). This is particularly noteworthy in that breakthrough is observed at the time of initiation ofRAASsuppression, as opposed to developing after months of therapy.
The green–blue swing: plasticity of plankton food‐webs in response to coastal oceanographic dynamics
Authors: D'Alelio Domenico , Mazzocchi Maria Grazia , Montresor Marina , Sarno Diana , Zingone Adriana , Di Capua Iole , Franzè Gayantonia , Margiotta Francesca , Saggiomo Vincenzo , Ribera d'Alcalà Maurizio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe internal organization of plankton communities plays a key role in biogeochemical cycles and in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the structure of a marine plankton community (including both unicellular and multicellular organisms) was inferred by applying an ecological network approach to species abundances observed weekly at the long‐term ecological research stationMareChiara (LTER‐MC) in theGulf ofNaples (TyrrhenianSea,MediterraneanSea) in the summers of 2002–2009. Two distinct conditions, characterized by different combination of salinity and chlorophyll values, alternated at the site: one influenced by coastal waters, herein named ‘green’, and the other reflecting more offshore conditions, named ‘blue’. The green and blue ‘phases’ showed different keystone biological elements: namely, large diatoms and small‐sized flagellates, respectively. Several correlations amongst species belonging to different trophic groups were found in both phases (connectance ~0.30). In the green phase, several links between phytoplankton and mesozooplankton and within the latter were detected, suggesting matter flow from microbes up to carnivorous zooplankton. A microbial‐loop‐like sub‐web, including mixo‐ and heterotrophic dinoflagellates and ciliates, was present in the green phase, but it was relatively more important in the blue phase. The latter observation suggests a more intense cycling of matter at the microbial trophic level in the blue phase. These results show that different modes of ecological organization can emerge from relatively small changes in the composition of aquatic communities coping with environmental variability. This highlights a significant plasticity in the internal structure of plankton webs, which should be taken into account in predictions of the potential effects of climatic oscillations on aquatic ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles therein.
Wheat alleles introgress into selfing wild relatives: empirical estimates from approximate Bayesian computation in Aegilops triuncialis
Authors: Pajkovic Mila , Lappe Sylvain , Barman Rachel , Parisod Christian , Neuenschwander Samuel , Goudet Jerome , Alvarez Nadir , Guadagnuolo Roberto , Felber François , Arrigo Nils 
Published: September 2014

AbstractExtensive gene flow between wheat (Triticum sp.) and several wild relatives of the genus Aegilops has recently been detected despite notoriously high levels of selfing in these species. Here, we assess and model the spread of wheat alleles into natural populations of the barbed goatgrass (Aegilops triuncialis), a wild wheat relative prevailing in the Mediterranean flora. Our sampling, based on an extensive survey of 31 Ae. triuncialis populations collected along a 60 km × 20 km area in southern Spain (Grazalema Mountain chain, Andalousia, totalling 458 specimens), is completed with 33 wheat cultivars representative of the European domesticated pool. All specimens were genotyped with amplified fragment length polymorphism with the aim of estimating wheat admixture levels in Ae. triuncialis populations. This survey first confirmed extensive hybridization and backcrossing of wheat into the wild species. We then used explicit modelling of populations and approximate Bayesian computation to estimate the selfing rate of Ae. triuncialis along with the magnitude, the tempo and the geographical distance over which wheat alleles introgress into Ae. triuncialis populations. These simulations confirmed that extensive introgression of wheat alleles (2.7 × 10−4 wheat immigrants for each Ae. triuncialis resident, at each generation) into Ae. triuncialis occurs despite a high selfing rate (Fis ≈ 1 and selfing rate = 97%). These results are discussed in the light of risks associated with the release of genetically modified wheat cultivars in Mediterranean agrosystems.
Lineage fusion inGalápagos giant tortoises
Authors: Garrick Ryan C. , Benavides Edgar , Russello Michael A. , Hyseni Chaz , Edwards Danielle L. , Gibbs James P. , Tapia Washington , Ciofi Claudio , Caccone Adalgisa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAlthough many classic radiations on islands are thought to be the result of repeated lineage splitting, the role of past fusion is rarely known because during these events, purebreds are rapidly replaced by a swarm of admixed individuals. Here, we capture lineage fusion in action in a Galápagos giant tortoise species,Chelonoidis becki, from Wolf Volcano (Isabela Island). The long generation time of Galápagos tortoises and dense sampling (841 individuals) of genetic and demographic data were integral in detecting and characterizing this phenomenon. InC. becki,we identified two genetically distinct, morphologically cryptic lineages. Historical reconstructions show that they colonized Wolf Volcano from Santiago Island in two temporally separated events, the first estimated to have occurred ~199 000 years ago. Following arrival of the second wave of colonists, both lineages coexisted for approximately ~53 000 years. Within that time, they began fusing back together, as microsatellite data reveal widespread introgressive hybridization. Interestingly, greater mate selectivity seems to be exhibited by purebred females of one of the lineages. Forward‐in‐time simulations predict rapid extinction of the early arriving lineage. This study provides a rare example of reticulate evolution in action and underscores the power of population genetics for understanding the past, present and future consequences of evolutionary phenomena associated with lineage fusion.
MicroRNAs and Photocarcinogenesis
Authors: Syed Deeba N. , Lall Rahul K. , Mukhtar Hasan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAs a new class of sequence‐specific regulators of gene expression, the microRNAs (miRNA) form a regulatory network with growth factors and transcription factors participating in various biological processes. It is now being recognized that the various key processes involved in cancer induction are under the control of these small noncoding RNAs, which regulate ~30% of all human genes by targeting sequences in their 3′‐untranslated regions. Photocarcinogenesis is a complex interplay of signaling events in the UV exposed human skin including DNA damage and repair, apoptosis, cell survival, mutations and the immune system. In this review, we have scrutinized the role of miRNAs in skin cancer biology focusing on the three most common types of skin cancer namely the basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous malignant melanoma. An overview of these studies will be useful in gaining insights into the mechanisms of cancer development in the human skin. A better understanding of the functionality of miRNAs will have enormous implications to risk assessment, and to target interventions against signaling events involved in photocarcinogenesis.
Neonatal Mortality Risks Among Preterm Births in a Rural Bangladeshi Cohort
Authors: Shah Rashed , Mullany Luke C. , Darmstadt Gary L. , Talukder Radwanur Rahman , Rahman Syed Moshfiqur , Mannan Ishtiaq , Arifeen Shams El , Baqui Abdullah H. ,   ProjAHNMo Study Group in Bangladesh
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth leads to an estimated 35% of neonatal deaths worldwide. Our study analyses neonatal mortality risks among preterm births in rural Bangladesh.MethodsTrained community health workers (CHW) prospectively collected data between June 2007 and September 2009.ResultsAmong 32 126 livebirths, 22.3% were preterm (delivered at <37 weeks gestation) and almost half (46.4%) of all neonatal deaths occurred among preterm babies. Preterm babies who were born as the first child {[risk ratio (RR) 1.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1, 1.8]} and in the poorest households [RR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2, 2.4] were at higher mortality risk. Birth and newborn care preparedness was associated with lower risk of mortality [RR 0.3; 95% CI 0.2, 0.4] while preterm infants who had symptoms of infection [RR 5.6; 95% CI 4.3, 7.1] or whose mother suffered antenatal complications [RR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1, 1.8] were at higher mortality risk. Elimination of excess neonatal deaths caused by preterm would decrease population‐level neonatal mortality rate by 31.0% [95% CI 27.60%, 34.5%].ConclusionGiven that 87% of preterm births and 60% of preterm deaths were in late or moderate preterm infants, and that 87% preterm babies received a visit from CHW within third day of life, a home‐based essential care package delivered by CHWs for sick preterm infants, specifically focused on birth preparedness, skin‐to‐skin care, immediate breast feeding, early recognition of danger signs, and linked through referral to intensive and quality care in health facilities, could be an effective approach in low resource settings.
How do high‐ and low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulations modulate the temporal cortex
Authors: Nathou Clement , Etard Olivier , Simon Gregory , Dollfus Sonia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFew studies have examined the impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the cortical excitability of nonmotor cortices; current treatments often target the temporal or prefrontal cortex. We used auditory evoked potentials recorded in 24 healthy subjects to evaluate the neuromodulatory effects of low‐ and high‐frequency rTMS in the temporal lobe. Both auditory evoked potential P50 amplitude, a marker of cortical excitability, and P50 ratio, a marker of sensory gating known to be impaired in patients with auditory verbal hallucinations, were compared before and after rTMS. We observed a similar effect after both stimulation frequencies, with a decrease in P50 amplitude and no significant effect on P50 ratio. Low‐ and high‐frequency rTMS applied to the temporal lobe seemed to exert the same cortical neuromodulation effect, while auditory sensory gating may not be modulated by temporal rTMS.
How Many Times and How Many Ways: The Impact of Number of Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury Methods on the Relationship Between Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury Frequency and Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Khazem Lauren R. , Law Keyne C. 
Published: September 2014

Several variables have been proposed as heavily influencing or explaining the association between nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior. We propose that increased comfort with bodily harm may serve as an incrementally valuable variable to consider. We sought to indirectly test this possibility by examining the moderating role of number of NSSI methods utilized on the relationship between NSSI frequency and lifetime number of suicide attempts, positing that increased variability in methods would be indicative with a greater general comfort with inflicting harm upon one's own body. In both a large sample of emerging adults (n = 1,317) and a subsample with at least one prior suicide attempt (n = 143), results were consistent with our hypothesis. In both samples, the interaction term was significant, with the relationship between NSSI frequency and suicidal behavior increasing in magnitude from low to mean to high levels of NSSI methods. Although frequency of NSSI is robustly associated with suicidal behavior, the magnitude of that relationship increases as an individual engages in a wider variety of NSSI methods. We propose that this may be due to an increased comfort with the general concept of damaging one's own body resulting from a broader selection of methods for self‐harm.
AtC3H14, a plant‐specific tandem CCCH zinc‐finger protein, binds to its target mRNAs in a sequence‐specific manner and affects cell elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kim Won‐Chan , Kim Joo‐Yeol , Ko Jae‐Heung , Kang Hunseung , Kim Jungmook , Han Kyung‐Hwan 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAtC3H14 (At1 g66810) is a plant‐specific tandem CCCH zinc‐finger (TZF) protein that belongs to the 68‐member CCCH family in Arabidopsis thaliana. In animals, TZFs have been shown to bind and recruit target mRNAs to the cytoplasmic foci where mRNA decay enzymes are active. However, it is not known whether plant TZF proteins such as AtC3H14 function. So far, no mRNA targets of plant TZFs have been identified. We have obtained several lines of experimental evidence in support of our hypothesis that AtC3H14 is involved in post‐transcriptional regulation of its target genes. Nucleic acid binding assays using [35S]‐labeled AtC3H14 protein showed that AtC3H14 could bind to ssDNA, dsDNA, and ribohomopolymers, suggesting its RNA‐binding activity. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay identified several putative target RNAs of AtC3H14, including a polygalacturonase, a well‐known cell wall modifying gene. RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays (RNA‐EMSA) were used to confirm the RIP results and demonstrate that the TZF domain of AtC3H14 is required for the target RNA binding. Microarray analysis of 35S::AtC3H14 plants revealed that many of the cell wall elongation and/or modification‐associated genes were differentially expressed, which is consistent with the cell elongation defect phenotype and the changes in the cell wall monosaccharide composition. In addition, yeast activation assay showed that AtC3H14 also function as a transcriptional activator, which is consistent with the previous finding that AtC3H14 activate the secondary wall biosynthesis genes. Taken together, we conclude that AtC3H14 may play a key role in both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation.
Targeting MAGO proteins with a peptide aptamer reinforces their essential roles in multiple rice developmental pathways
Authors: Gong Pichang , Quan Hui , He Chaoying 
Published: September 2014

SummaryPeptide aptamers are artificial short peptides that potentially interfere with the biological roles of their target proteins; however, this technology has not yet been applied to plant functional genomics. MAGO and Y14, the two core subunits of the exon junction complex (EJC), form obligate heterodimers in eukaryotes. In Oryza sativa L. (rice), each of the two genes has two homologs, designated OsMAGO1 and OsMAGO2, and OsY14a and OsY14b, respectively. Here, we characterized a 16‐amino acida peptide aptamer (PAP) for the rice MAGO proteins. PAP and rice Y14 bound competitively to rice MAGO proteins. Specifically targeting the MAGO proteins by expressing the aptamer in transgenic rice plants did not affect the endogenous synthesis and accumulation of MAGO proteins; however, the phenotypic variations observed in multiple organs phenocopied those of transgenic rice plants harboring RNA interference (RNAi) constructs in which the accumulation of MAGO and/or OsY14a transcripts and MAGO proteins was downregulated severely. Morphologically, the aptamer transgenic plants were short with abnormally developed flowers, and the stamens exhibited reduced degradation and absorption of both the endothecium and tapetum, thus confirming that EJC core heterodimers play essential roles in rice development, growth and reproduction. This study reveals that as a complementary approach of RNAi, peptide aptamers are powerful tools for interfering with the function of proteins in higher plants.