bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Troponin‐I Concentration, Myocardial Arteriosclerosis, and Fibrosis in Dogs with Congestive Heart Failure because of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Falk T. , Ljungvall I. , Zois N.E. , Höglund K. , Olsen L.H. , Pedersen H. D , Häggström J. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundFew previous studies have investigated the association between biomarkers and cardiac disease findings in dogs with naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).AimTo investigate if histopathological changes at necropsy could be reflected by in vivo circulating concentrations ofcTnIand aldosterone, and renin activity, in dogs with naturally occurring congestive heart failure because of MMVD.AnimalsFifty privately owned dogs withMMVDand heart failure.MethodsLongitudinal Study. Dogs were prospectively recruited and examined by clinical and echocardiographical examination twice yearly until time of death. Blood was stored for batched analysis of concentrations ofcTnIand aldosterone, and renin activity. All dogs underwent a standardized necropsy protocol.ResultscTnIwere associated with echocardiographic left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension (P < .0001) and proximal isovolumetric surface area radius (P < .004). Furthermore, in vivocTnIconcentrations reflected postmortem findings of global myocardial fibrosis (P < .001), fibrosis in the papillary muscles (P < .001), and degree of arterial luminal narrowing (P < .001) Aldosterone or renin activity did not reflect any of the cardiac disease variables investigated.Conclusion and clinical importanceCardiac fibrosis and arteriosclerosis in dogs with MMVD are reflected by circulatingcTnIconcentration, but not by aldosterone concentration or renin activity. Cardiac troponin I could be a valuable biomarker for myocardial fibrosis in dogs with chronic cardiac diseases.
Reestablishment of former wintering grounds by New Zealand southern right whales
Authors: Carroll Emma L. , Rayment William J. , Alexander Alana M. , Baker C. Scott , Patenaude Nathalie J. , Steel Debbie , Constantine Rochelle , Cole Rosalind , Boren Laura J. , Childerhouse Simon 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHistorically, the range of the southern right whale (SRW) included winter calving grounds around the North and South Islands (mainland) of New Zealand (NZ) and in the NZ subantarctic Auckland and Campbell Islands. Due to extensive whaling in the 19th and 20th centuries, no SRW was seen around mainland NZ for nearly four decades (1928–1963). Here we present evidence for the regular use of the mainland NZ wintering ground, presumably from a remnant population that persisted in the NZ subantarctic Auckland and Campbell Islands. SRWs have been sighted every year around mainland NZ since 1988, with 125 sightings during the focus of this work: from 2003 to 2010. There were 28 cow‐calf pairs sighted around mainland NZ from 2003 to 2010, compared with 11 sightings from 1991 to 2002. Furthermore, two females, identified by DNA profiles, were sighted with calves around mainland at 4 yr intervals: the first evidence of female site fidelity to the mainland NZ calving ground. Individual identification from photographs of natural markings and DNA profiles provided information on within‐year movements and residency around the mainland, and further evidence for exchange between the mainland and subantarctic wintering grounds. Despite these promising signs, the distribution of NZ SRWs remains primarily concentrated in the NZ subantarctic.
Sensitization to Malassezia in children with atopic dermatitis combined with food allergy
Authors: Kekki O‐M. , Scheynius A. , Poikonen S. , Koskinen A. , Kautiainen H. , Turjanmaa K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe yeast Malassezia belongs to our normal cutaneous flora, but is capable of sensitizing individuals with atopic dermatitis (AD). Our objective was to investigate the prevalence of sensitization to Malassezia with a 10‐yr follow‐up among children suffering from AD combined with food allergy (FA) in relation to the extent of AD in infancy.MethodsOne hundred and eighty seven infants diagnosed with AD and milk/wheat allergy before 1 yr of age were included in the study. The area of AD was estimated from patient records of the first visit and measured with SCORAD at the 10‐yr follow‐up. Specific IgE against Malassezia was determined with ImmunoCAP™ at 11 yr of age.ResultsIn infancy, 24 children (13%) were allergic to milk, 71 (38%) to wheat, and 92 (49%) to both milk and wheat, and 94 (50%) children had mild, 57 (30%) moderate and 36 (19%) severe AD. At the 10‐yr follow‐up visit, 19 (10%) of the children had ongoing milk and/or wheat allergy; 147 children (79%) had mild AD and 30 (16%) had SCORAD index of 0. Specific IgE against Malassezia mix was positive (≥0.35 kU/l) in 27% and specific IgE against M. sympodialis in 20% of the 187 children. The area of AD in infancy was associated with a greater risk of having allergen‐specific IgE to Malassezia at the 10‐yr follow‐up. The risk ratio for FA was 3.11 (95% CI: 2.05–4.72; p < 0.001) if specific IgE to Malassezia was positive.ConclusionsInfants with severe AD and FA seem to have a greater risk of becoming sensitized to Malassezia during a 10‐yr follow‐up.
Phenobarbital‐induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions are associated with CYP2C19*2 in Thai children
Authors: Manuyakorn Wiparat , Siripool Khanitha , Kamchaisatian Wasu , Pakakasama Samart , Visudtibhan Anannit , Vilaiyuk Soamarat , Rujirawat Thidarat , Benjaponpitak Suwat 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundAromatic anticonvulsant–induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), including Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN), and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), are fatal immune‐mediated adverse drug reactions. CYP2C19, a cytochrome P450 isoform, plays a role in metabolic rate of aromatic anticonvulsant. HLA‐B*1502 has also been demonstrated to be associated with carbamazepine‐induced SJS‐TEN.MethodsForty case patients who were diagnosed with SCARs after initiation of phenobarbital (PB), phenytoin (PHT), or carbamazepine (CBZ) for 1–8 wk and forty control patients who received PB, PHT, or CBZ at least 2 months with no adverse drug reactions were enrolled in the study. The genotypes of CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*2, and HLA‐B*1502 were analyzed using allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction technique. Clinical characteristics of SCARs patients who used different drugs were also analyzed.ResultsThere was no significant difference in sex, onset of symptoms, laboratory results, treatment, and length of stay among patients with SCARs due to PB, PHT, or CBZ. The patients with CYP2C19*2 variant had a trend to have a likelihood to develop SCARs more than the patients with CYP2C19 wild type (OR = 2.5, 95% CI (0.96–67.3) p = 0.06). In subgroup analysis, the patients with CYP2C19*2 variant were at four times increased risk of SCARs from phenobarbital more than the patients with CYP2C19 wild type (OR = 4.5, 95% CI (1.17–17.37) p < 0.03). There was no association between the HLA‐B*1502 and aromatic anticonvulsant–induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs).ConclusionCYP2C19*2 variant may play a role in the genetic predisposition of SCARs from phenobarbital.
Camelina seed transcriptome: a tool for meal and oil improvement and translational research
Authors: Nguyen Huu T. , Silva Jillian E. , Podicheti Ram , Macrander Jason , Yang Wenyu , Nazarenus Tara J. , Nam Jeong‐Won , Jaworski Jan G. , Lu Chaofu , Scheffler Brian E. , Mockaitis Keithanne , Cahoon Edgar B. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryCamelina (Camelina sativa), a Brassicaceae oilseed, has received recent interest as a biofuel crop and production platform for industrial oils. Limiting wider production of camelina for these uses is the need to improve the quality and content of the seed protein‐rich meal and oil, which is enriched in oxidatively unstable polyunsaturated fatty acids that are deleterious for biodiesel. To identify candidate genes for meal and oil quality improvement, a transcriptome reference was built from 2047 Sanger ESTs and more than 2 million 454‐derived sequence reads, representing genes expressed in developing camelina seeds. The transcriptome of approximately 60K transcripts from 22 597 putative genes includes camelina homologues of nearly all known seed‐expressed genes, suggesting a high level of completeness and usefulness of the reference. These sequences included candidates for 12S (cruciferins) and 2S (napins) seed storage proteins (SSPs) and nearly all known lipid genes, which have been compiled into an accessible database. To demonstrate the utility of the transcriptome for seed quality modification, seed‐specific RNAi lines deficient in napins were generated by targeting 2S SSP genes, and high oleic acid oil lines were obtained by targeting FATTY ACID DESATURASE 2 (FAD2) and FATTY ACID ELONGASE 1 (FAE1). The high sequence identity between Arabidopsis thaliana and camelina genes was also exploited to engineer high oleic lines by RNAi with Arabidopsis FAD2 and FAE1 sequences. It is expected that these transcriptomic data will be useful for breeding and engineering of additional camelina seed traits and for translating findings from the model Arabidopsis to an oilseed crop.
Identification of new sources of resistance to Striga gesnerioides in cowpea germplasm
Authors: Tignegre Jean‐Baptiste S. , Ouedraogo Jeremy T. , Melis Rob , Tongoona Pangirayi , Sibiya Julia , Makanda Itai , Drabo Issa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThere have been reports of breakdown of striga resistance in previously resistant cowpea cultivars in Burkina Faso. This could be attributed to new striga races emerging or to an increase in the aggressiveness of current striga races. Therefore, cowpea genotypes were evaluated in fields infested with S. gesnerioides at three striga hot spots in Burkina Faso and in pots under artificial infestation with striga races SR 1, SR 5 and SR Kp to identify new, adapted and striga‐resistant sources. Cowpea genotypes showed differential reactions for striga resistance over sites and for striga races in pot experiments, indicating differences in the races involved, and SR Kp was reported as a new race. Resistant sources conferring site‐specific or multiple striga‐race resistance were identified. Genotypes 58‐57, Sanga 2, IT84S‐2049, IT98K‐205‐8, IT93K‐693‐2, KVx771‐10, KVx775‐33‐2, KVx61‐1, Gorom local, Mouride and Melakh conferred resistance to all three striga races. These genotypes are potential donor parents for breeding new, adapted and striga‐resistant genotypes. Cowpea landraces including Moussa local and Niaogo local with farmers' preferred traits were susceptible and need improvement for striga resistance.
Kunitz trypsin inhibitor polymorphism in the Korean wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.)
Authors: Krishnamurthy Panneerselvam , Singh Ram J. , Tsukamoto Chigen , Park Jong Hyun , Lee Jeong Dong , Chung Gyuhwa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractKunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTi) in 1368 accessions of wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.), collected from three regions of Korea, was examined for allelic diversity and geographical distribution. Five electrophoretically distinguishable KTi forms were detected: three were common (Tia, Tib and Tia/Tib) and two were previously unreported (Tibi7‐1 and Tibi5). The Tia allele was predominant (93.49%). Alleles Tib, Tibi7‐1 and Tibi5 were detected with the frequencies of 3.47, 0.55 and 0.11%, respectively. The heterozygous form (Tia/Tib) was detected with the frequency of 2.26%. The nucleotide sequence of Tibi7‐1 was identical to that of the Tib‐derived variant allele Tif, with the exception of three nucleotides: A→G at position +244, A→C at position +286 and G→C at position +601. The latter two were similar to Tia, suggesting that Tibi7‐1 is an intermediate allele between Tia and Tib. The gene for Tibi5 showed 100% similarity with the Japanese intermediate allele Tibi5. This study demonstrates that Korean wild soybeans are remarkably rich source of new KTi alleles not reported before.
Peak individual alpha frequency qualifies as a stable neurophysiological trait marker in healthy younger and older adults
Authors: Grandy Thomas H. , Werkle‐Bergner Markus , Chicherio Christian , Schmiedek Florian , Lövdén Martin , Lindenberger Ulman 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe individual alpha frequency (IAF) of the human EEG reflects systemic properties of the brain, is highly heritable, and relates to cognitive functioning. Not much is known about the modifiability of IAF by cognitive interventions. We report analyses of resting EEG from a large‐scale training study in which healthy younger (20–31 years, N = 30) and older (65–80 years, N = 28) adults practiced 12 cognitive tasks for ∼100 1‐h sessions. EEG was recorded before and after the cognitive training intervention. In both age groups, IAF (and, in a control analysis, alpha amplitude) did not change, despite large gains in cognitive performance. As within‐session reliability and test‐retest stability were high for both age groups, imprecise measurements cannot account for the findings. In sum, IAF is highly stable in healthy adults up to 80 years, not easily modifiable by cognitive interventions alone, and thus qualifies as a stable neurophysiological trait marker.
Epidemiological Interpretation of Studies Examining the Effect of Antibiotic Usage on Resistance
Authors: Schechner Vered , Temkin Elizabeth , Harbarth Stephan , Carmeli Yehuda , Schwaber Mitchell J. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARY
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing clinical problem and public health threat. Antibiotic use is a known risk factor for the emergence of antibiotic resistance, but demonstrating the causal link between antibiotic use and resistance is challenging. This review describes different study designs for assessing the association between antibiotic use and resistance and discusses strengths and limitations of each. Approaches to measuring antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance are presented. Important methodological issues such as confounding, establishing temporality, and control group selection are examined.
Transmission of Infection by Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Bronchoscopy
Authors: Kovaleva Julia , Peters Frans T. M. , van der Mei Henny C. , Degener John E. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARY
Flexible endoscopy is a widely used diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Contaminated endoscopes are the medical devices frequently associated with outbreaks of health care-associated infections. Accurate reprocessing of flexible endoscopes involves cleaning and high-level disinfection followed by rinsing and drying before storage. Most contemporary flexible endoscopes cannot be heat sterilized and are designed with multiple channels, which are difficult to clean and disinfect. The ability of bacteria to form biofilms on the inner channel surfaces can contribute to failure of the decontamination process. Implementation of microbiological surveillance of endoscope reprocessing is appropriate to detect early colonization and biofilm formation in the endoscope and to prevent contamination and infection in patients after endoscopic procedures. This review presents an overview of the infections and cross-contaminations related to flexible gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy and illustrates the impact of biofilm on endoscope reprocessing and postendoscopic infection.
Views of UK-trained medical graduates of 1999–2009 about their first postgraduate year of training: national surveys
Authors: Lambert Trevor W , Surman Geraldine , Goldacre Michael J 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundIn the UK, doctors’ first year of medical work is also their first year of postgraduate training. It is very important that their experience of work and training is good.DesignSurveys of entire cohorts graduating in particular years.SettingUK.MethodQuestionnaires sent 1 year after qualification to all UK medical graduates of 1999, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2009.ResultsThe study comprised 17 831 respondents. Variation in views across cohorts was modest. Overall, 30% agreed their training had been of a high standard; 38% agreed educational opportunities had been good; 52% agreed they had to do too much routine non-medical work; and 16% agreed they had to perform clinical tasks for which they felt inadequately trained. Job enjoyment, rated from 1 (‘I didn't enjoy it at all’) to 10 (‘I enjoyed it greatly’), improved from 70% of doctors in the 1999 cohort scoring 7–10 to 75% in the 2009 cohort. Satisfaction with available leisure time, rated from 1 (‘not at all satisfied’) to 10 (‘extremely satisfied’), rose from 24% scoring 7–10 in the 1999s to 49% in the 2009s. Male–female differences were small.ConclusionsThere was improvement over the decade in some aspects of work, particularly satisfaction with time off work for leisure, and overall enjoyment of the job. There was little change in doctors’ views about the training experience offered by the F1 year.
ExPeKT—Exploring prevention and knowledge of venous thromboembolism: a two-stage, mixed-method study protocol
Authors: McFarland Lorraine , Ward Alison , Greenfield Sheila , Murray Ellen , Heneghan Carl , Harrison Sian , Fitzmaurice David 
Published: April 2013

IntroductionThere is little awareness of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the public arena. Most commonly known causes are—travellers’ thrombosis and thrombosis associated with oral contraception, both frequently referred to in the media. However, VTE is a substantial healthcare problem, resulting in mortality, morbidity and economic cost. Most hospitalised patients have one or more risk factors for VTE. Around 60% of people undergoing hip or knee replacement will suffer a deep vein thrombosis without preventative intervention. Studies demonstrate a risk reduction for VTE of up to 70% with preventative medicine for medical and surgical conditions: cancer, orthopaedic surgery, general surgery and acutely ill medical admissions. Results will be used to identify methods of increasing knowledge of VTE prevention and for the development of educational and patient information materials.Methods and analysisA two-stage, mixed-method study using surveys with primary healthcare professionals and patients followed by interviews with primary healthcare professionals, patients, acute trusts and other relevant organisations. Survey and qualitative interview data will examine the current practice of thromboprophylaxis, and the knowledge and experience of VTE prevention for the development of education initiatives for primary healthcare professionals and patients to adopt thromboprophylaxis outside the hospital setting. As this is a scientific exploratory study for the generation, rather than testing, of new hypotheses a sample-size analysis is not called for. Survey data will be analysed using SPSS version 20. Open-ended responses will be analysed using qualitative thematic methods. The recorded and transcribed semistructured interview data will be analysed using constant comparative methods.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been provided by the National Research Ethics Committee (reference: 11/H0605/5) and site-specific R&D approval granted by the relevant R&D National Health Service trusts. Findings will be disseminated at healthcare and academic conferences and written for peer-reviewed publication.Trial grant numberNIHR RP-PG-0608-10073
EVERY OUTER-1-PLANE GRAPH HAS A RIGHT ANGLE CROSSING DRAWING
Authors: DEHKORDI HOOMAN REISI , EADES PETER 
Published: April 2013

There is strong empirical evidence that human perception of a graph drawing is negatively correlated with the number of edge crossings. However, recent experiments show that one can reduce the negative effect by ensuring that the edges that cross do so at large angles. These experiments have motivated a number of mathematical and algorithmic studies of “right angle crossing (RAC)” drawings of graphs, where the edges cross each other perpendicularly. In this paper we give an algorithm for constructing RAC drawings of “outer-1-plane” graphs, that is, topological graphs in which each vertex appears on the outer face, and each edge crosses at most one other edge. The drawing algorithm preserves the embedding of the input graph. This is one of the few algorithms available to construct RAC drawings.
From flesh to fossils – Nicolaus Steno’s anatomy of the Earth
Authors: Bek-Thomsen Jakob 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

This paper concerns the Danish anatomist Nicolaus Steno’s years in the service of the Medici Court and argues that his studies of the Earth in
Canis cacharia dissectum caput
from 1667 and
De Solido intra solidum contento dissertationis prodromus
from 1669 must be interpreted within this context and in relation to the epistemological approach of the
historia
-genre present in many early modern medical textbooks. The use of
historia
enabled Steno to produce knowledge that was both useful as a Medicean instrument of power and allowed him to produce a truthful geological thesis without referral to Aristotelian causes. Traditionally, Steno’s geological work has been interpreted teleologically, as a break from contemporary natural philosophy and as an example of a foresight which would not be appreciated properly until several hundred years after his death. Challenging the untenable presentist interpretation, this paper argues that Steno’s work on the transformation of the Earth must be understood as inherently connected to the Medici court and their experimental academy – the Accademia del Cimento.
Britain’s spa heritage: a hydrogeological appraisal
Authors: Mather John D. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The managed exploitation of thermal and mineral waters began at British spas in the middle of the 16th century when the first scientific treatises were written. The peak in popularity was reached in the 18th century, after which usage declined. Britain’s spa heritage is well preserved at some sites and 14 of these are selected for detailed discussion. These heritage spas are divided into three groups on the basis of their hydrogeology. In the first group, spa locations are both controlled and constrained by the hydrogeological conditions. Flows are reliable and the waters are generally highly mineralized as a result of long groundwater flow paths and residence times. In the second group, hydrogeology is of secondary importance and locations owe more to chance and the endeavours of local entrepreneurs. The waters are vulnerable to contamination and flows are often unreliable. The third group exists only because of human disturbance to natural groundwater flow paths. Of the hundreds of mineral springs in Britain, many of which were promoted as spas, most fell into the second group and have disappeared; these are remembered only by a street sign or a trickle of water.
Groundwater – Medicine by the Glassful?
Authors: Robins N. S. , Smedley P. L. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Knowledge of the healing properties of some groundwater sources has been passed down through the generations. A complex array of hydrogeological environments yields a rich and diverse range of chemical compositions, and cures for a variety of ailments were available from some spring waters. Many were sourced with associated religious overtones. It is likely that exposure to clean cold water alleviates the symptoms of leprosy and probable also that it relieves rheumatic pain. However, the only demonstrable medicinal properties of groundwater are its purging effects wherever MgSO
4
or Epsom salts prevailed. Clean and potable groundwater is certainly a key to human health and some of the minerals dissolved within it are essential to the human body, although many of these minerals become toxic if present in excess. The modern fashion for bottled groundwater, often perceived to be associated with health-giving and medicinal properties, for the most part, merely offer a safe form of drinking water.