bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene May Not Have an Advantage in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sakellariou Vasileios I. , Sculco Peter , Poultsides Lazaros , Wright Timothy , Sculco Thomas P. 
Published: August 2013

Background Long-term results after total knee replacement (TKR) with conventional and compression-molded polyethylene (PE) have been excellent. The introduction of highly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), which has demonstrated superior wear properties in total hip replacement (THR), has led to its recent use in TKR. However, the knee has a unique biomechanical environment characterized by large contact stresses and shear forces and differs from the highly conforming articulation (and primarily abrasive and adhesive wear) found in THR. For this reason, XLPE, with its decreased fatigue resistance and toughness compared to PE, may not be the best material to withstand these unique forces. Questions This review and evaluation of the literature aims to answer the following questions. What are the advantages and disadvantages of XLPE in TKR? Does its success in THR ensure a favorable outcome in TKR? Does the increased cost of XLPE justify its use in TKR? Methods A systematic literature review of MEDLINE, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases was performed searching for advantages and disadvantages of XLPE in TKR. We found 18 biomechanical in vitro investigations and 3 clinical studies comparing conventional and XLPEs. We included levels I through IV published articles in peer-reviewed journals in English language. Results Several in vitro studies found XLPE to have significantly better wear properties compared to conventional PE. However, the two clinical investigations that directly compared conventional PE and XLPE found no difference in clinical or radiographic outcomes. Additionally, clinical studies with long-term follow-up on TKR with conventional PE did not find wear-induced osteolysis to be a major cause of failure. Four studies did find cost to be significantly higher for XLPE compared to conventional PE. Conclusions Based on our review, we concluded that (1) the material properties of XLPE reduce adhesive and abrasive wear, but not the risk of crack propagation, deformation, pitting, and delamination found in TKR; (2) wear-induced osteolysis in TKR has not been found to be a major cause of failure at long-term follow-up; (3) mid-term follow-up studies show no difference in any recorded outcome measure between conventional PE and XLPE; and (4) XLPE is two to four times the cost of conventional PE without an improvement in clinical or radiographic outcomes. For these reasons, we currently cannot recommend the use of XLPE in TKR. Conventional compression-molded polyethylene with its outstanding long-term results should remain the material of choice in TKR.
Extrinsic relative to intrinsic goal pursuits and peer dynamics: Selection and influence processes among adolescents
Authors: Duriez Bart , Giletta Matteo , Kuppens Peter , Vansteenkiste Maarten 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTSelf‐Determination Theory discerns goals and values in terms of whether they are intrinsic or extrinsic in nature. Although research substantiates the importance of goal preferences for a host of outcomes, few studies examined how such preferences develop, and studies that did pay attention to this focused on parental influence processes. The present study focuses on the role of peers. Social network analyses on longitudinal data gathered among senior high‐school students (N = 695) confirm that peer similarity in goal pursuit exists, and that, although this similarity partly originates from adolescents selecting friends on the basis of perceived goal pursuit similarity, it also results from peers actively influencing each other. Hence, friends tend to become more alike in terms of goal pursuit over time. Data also suggest that, although changes in goal pursuit at this age can be predicted from peer dynamics, they cannot be attributed to parental goal promotion efforts.
Factors related with the ability to maintain wakefulness in the daytime after fast and forward rotating shifts
Authors: Chang Yu‐San , Wu Yu‐Hsuan , Su Shu‐Fang , Hsu Chung‐Yao , Chen Hsiang‐Lan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore changes in cognitive function, sleep propensity, and sleep‐related hormones (growth hormone, cortisol, prolactin, and thyrotropin) and to investigate the factors related to the ability to maintain wakefulness in the daytime after one block of fast forward rotating shift work (2 days, 2 evenings, and 2 nights). Twenty female nurses (mean age: 26.0 ± 2.0 years; range: 22–30 years) were recruited from an acute psychiatric ward. The nurses completed the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT), State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Symbol Searching Test, Taiwan University Attention Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) four times throughout the day at 2‐hour intervals, and their hormone levels were measured at the same time. There was no time of day effect on sleep propensity as measured by the MWT or MSLT despite an increase in self‐reported sleepiness. Anxiety state and neuropsychological tasks, including executive function, attention, and perceptual and motor abilities were not affected during the daytime sleep restriction period. The number of omissions and perceptual and motor abilities showed a practice effect. The thyrotropin levels were significantly elevated, and cortisol levels significantly decreased during the daytime sleep restriction period. There were no significant changes in growth hormone or prolactin throughout the daytime period. Age was negatively associated with the mean sleep latency (MSL) of the MWT and positively associated with the MSL of the MSLT. The perseverative errors in WCST and SSS scores were negatively associated with the MSL of the MWT. SAI scores and thyrotropin levels were positively associated with the MSL of the MWT. In conclusion, there was no change in sleep propensity in the daytime after one block of rotating shift work. An attempt to preserve daytime alertness was also related to maintaining neuropsychological performance. Maintaining this ability was related to thyrotropin and age, and this cognition required a high attentive load.
Gesundes Sterben
Authors: Schnabel Peter-Ernst 
Published: August 2013

Einleitung
So wie wir im Lauf der Zeit immer mehr Verantwortung über unser Leben abgegeben haben, haben wir es anderen (insbes. den Religionen und ihren Priestern, der Medizin, den Wissenschaften und Gesundheitssystemen) erlaubt, sich die Definitionsmacht darüber anzueignen, was uns der Tod bedeutet und was mit uns geschieht, wenn wir ihn erleiden. Auch haben wir nichts getan, um sie daran zu hindern, uns das natürliche Recht auf Selbstbestimmung über die Art unseres Sterbens aus der Hand zu nehmen. Es wird danach gefragt, was uns durch diese Akte der Enteignung verloren geht, wer von ihnen profitiert und überlegt, was getan werden könnte, um durch Wiederaneignung der Verantwortung nicht nur das Sterben, sondern auch das Leben humaner und gesünder zu machen.
Sterbebegleitung in der stationären Altenpflege – Ergebnisse einer Expertenbefragung
Authors: Vogt Dominique 
Published: August 2013

Einleitung
Aufgrund der demografischen Entwicklungen haben sich der Sterbeprozess und die Versorgung am Lebensende von alten und hochaltrigen Menschen in die Einrichtungen der stationären Altenpflege verlagert. Dadurch wird das Pflegepersonal häufiger mit Sterbesituationen konfrontiert und vor zusätzliche Herausforderungen gestellt. Ziel einer Expertenbefragung war es, die Gestaltung der Sterbebegleitung und palliativen Versorgung in der stationären Altenpflege vor dem Hintergrund der verkürzten Verweildauer zu analysieren.
Suizid infolge psychischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Haltenhof Horst , Ziegenbein Marc , Sieberer Marcel 
Published: August 2013

Einleitung
Suizidales Verhalten hat es in der Menschheitsgeschichte schon immer gegeben. Dieser Beitrag liefert einen Überblick zur Suizidalität im Kontext psychischer Erkrankungen.
Genetic and genomic approaches for the discovery of parasite genes involved in antimalarial drug resistance
Authors: MWANGI JONATHAN M. , RANFORD-CARTWRIGHT LISA C. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThe biggest threat to the war on malaria is the continued evolution of drug resistance by the parasite. Resistance to almost all currently available antimalarials now exists inPlasmodium falciparumwhich causes the most suffering among all human malaria parasites. Monitoring of antimalarial efficacy and the development and subsequent spread of resistance has become an important part in the treatment and control of malaria. With recent reports of reduced efficacy of artemisinin, the current recommended treatment for uncomplicated malaria, there is urgent need for better methods to recognize and monitor drug resistance for effective treatment. Molecular markers have become a welcome addition to complement the more laborious and costlyin vitroandin vivomethods that have traditionally been used to monitor drug resistance. However, there are currently no molecular markers for resistance to some antimalarials. This review highlights the role of the various genetic and genomic approaches that have been used in identifying the molecular markers that underlie drug resistance inP. falciparum. These approaches include; candidate genes, genetic linkage and genome-wide association studies. We discuss the requirements and limitations of each approach and use various examples to illustrate their contributions in identifying genomic regions of the parasite associated with antimalarial drug responses.
Barriers to mental health treatment: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys
Authors: Andrade L. H. , Alonso J. , Mneimneh Z. , Wells J. E. , Al-Hamzawi A. , Borges G. , Bromet E. , Bruffaerts R. , de Girolamo G. , de Graaf R. , Florescu S. , Gureje O. , Hinkov H. R. , Hu C. , Huang Y. , Hwang I. , Jin R. , Karam E. G. , Kovess-Masfety V. , Levinson D. , Matschinger H. , O'Neill S. , Posada-Villa J. , Sagar R. , Sampson N. A. , Sasu C. , Stein D. J. , Takeshima T. , Viana M. C. , Xavier M. , Kessler R. C. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundTo examine barriers to initiation and continuation of mental health treatment among individuals with common mental disorders.MethodData were from the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Representative household samples were interviewed face to face in 24 countries. Reasons to initiate and continue treatment were examined in a subsample (n = 636 78) and analyzed at different levels of clinical severity.ResultsAmong those with a DSM-IV disorder in the past 12 months, low perceived need was the most common reason for not initiating treatment and more common among moderate and mild than severe cases. Women and younger people with disorders were more likely to recognize a need for treatment. A desire to handle the problem on one's own was the most common barrier among respondents with a disorder who perceived a need for treatment (63.8%). Attitudinal barriers were much more important than structural barriers to both initiating and continuing treatment. However, attitudinal barriers dominated for mild-moderate cases and structural barriers for severe cases. Perceived ineffectiveness of treatment was the most commonly reported reason for treatment drop-out (39.3%), followed by negative experiences with treatment providers (26.9% of respondents with severe disorders).ConclusionsLow perceived need and attitudinal barriers are the major barriers to seeking and staying in treatment among individuals with common mental disorders worldwide. Apart from targeting structural barriers, mainly in countries with poor resources, increasing population mental health literacy is an important endeavor worldwide.
Moving beyond ‘ageing in place’: older people's dislikes about their home and neighbourhood environments as a motive for wishing to move
Authors: HILLCOAT-NALLÉTAMBY SARAH , OGG JIM 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTAgeing in place has been promoted by policy makers as the optimal residential solution for later life, premised on older people's reluctance to contemplate relocation, their declining residential mobility and high levels of residential satisfaction. This paper takes a critical perspective to the notion of ageing in place by examining older people's dislikes about, rather than levels of satisfaction with their home and neighbourhood environments, and establishing whether such dislikes influence a desire to move. Analysis of the 2004 Living in Wales Survey shows that despite high levels of residential satisfaction, a significant proportion of older people do wish to move. Logistic regression results indicate this desire is strongly associated with dislikes about their immediate home environment, more than neighbourhood factors. Contemplating a move in later life may be shaped more by a desire to ‘attach’ to people, than to remain in situ to preserve an attachment to place.
Distribution modelling of Eleonora’s Falcon Falco eleonorae Géné, 1839 occurrence in its wintering grounds: a niche-based approach with satellite telemetry data
Authors: KASSARA CHRISTINA , FRIC JAKOB , SFENTHOURAKIS SPYROS 
Published: August 2013

SummaryEleonora’s Falcon is a long-distance migrant of the Palearctic region. In recent years, the advent of satellite telemetry has enabled a more detailed investigation of the species’s migratory and wintering periods. In this study, we model the distribution pattern of four Eleonora’s Falcons originating from Greece within their wintering grounds in Madagascar with the use of satellite telemetry data and a niche-based technique, Maxent. The model predicted few highly suitable areas for the occurrence of the species, restricted to elevated areas receiving large amounts of precipitation during the wintering period, containing patches of primary and degraded humid submontane forests as well as cultivation. Most of these areas occurred within the previously estimated home ranges of the four falcons, as well as of three falcons from another independent study. Taking into account the ongoing alterations in landscape structure that occur within the eastern rainforest region of Madagascar, we believe that it is imperative to better understand the ecological requirements of Eleonora’s Falcon. To this end, we recommend the application of Maxent in the study of habitat selection of the species that could be further refined with the inclusion of biotic interactions and seasonal resource availability.
The seasonal demand for multiple monies in Manchuria: re-examining Zhang Zuolin's government's economic policy during the 1920s
Authors: Kaminishi Miriam 
Published: August 2013

This article reviews the political economy of Manchuria under the rule of Zhang Zuolin, which resulted in the economic instability that occurred during the winter of 1928. One can conjecture that the economic instability did not occur only because of the arbitrariness of the political and military regional government. The instability appears to be related to an ongoing seasonal demand for monies, which was relatively high between the months of September and March, since it corresponded to the period of commerce in soybeans − the region's main economic activity −, the migration of seasonal workers, and also the festive period of the Chinese New Year. The analysis was conducted based on primary materials published by the South Manchuria Railway Company, such as currency issuance and the variation of the exchange rate of the major currencies in circulation among foreign and Chinese currencies.
A syntactic approach for opinion mining on Spanish reviews
Authors: VILARES DAVID , ALONSO MIGUEL A. , GÓMEZ-RODRÍGUEZ CARLOS 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe describe an opinion mining system which classifies the polarity of Spanish texts. We propose an NLP approach that undertakes pre-processing, tokenisation and POS tagging of texts to then obtain the syntactic structure of sentences by means of a dependency parser. This structure is then used to address three of the most significant linguistic constructions for the purpose in question: intensification, subordinate adversative clauses and negation. We also propose a semi-automatic domain adaptation method to improve the accuracy of our system in specific application domains, by enriching semantic dictionaries using machine learning methods in order to adapt the semantic orientation of their words to a particular field. Experimental results are promising in both general and specific domains.
‘Rules as Strict as Palestrina's’: The Regulation of Pitch and Rhythm in Ligeti's Requiem andLux aeterna
Authors: LEVY BENJAMIN R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGyörgy Ligeti has stated that his micropolyphonic compositions were ‘governed by rules as strict as Palestrina's’ (Ligeti 1983, 14); some of these rules are preserved directly in his sketches and others can be derived from the compositions themselves. This article discusses the artistic context in which Ligeti developed systems of rules for individual compositions, and investigates in depth the composer's rules for the organization of pitch and rhythm in two of his seminal works from the 1960s, transmitting the explicit rules for pitch in sketches for the ‘De die judicii’ movement of the Requiem and uncovering implicit rules for rhythm inLux aeterna. By examining both the rules and their application in composition, with the exceptions that arise therein, we come to a better understanding of the aesthetic goals Ligeti's rules were devised to meet, and the balance of stricture and freedom that was essential to the composer's persona.
Republicans, Catholics and the West: Explaining the Strength of Religious School Aid Prohibitions
Authors: Hackett Ursula 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn the current polarized political climate there is heightened attention paid to the American state constitutional provisions known as “Blaine Amendments” or “No-Aid Provisions” that were passed between 1835 and 1959 to prohibit public aid to religious schools. Judgments about No-Aid Provisions have largely been made by scholars on anad hocbasis using narrative-based historical accounts, emotive language and without clear classificatory criteria. Using content analysis this article constructs the first quantitative scale of No-Aid Provision strength and subjects it to statistical treatment to explain why some prohibitions are much stronger than others. It finds that larger Catholic populations, Republican dominance, and Federal Enabling Acts make No-Aid language more strident. In so doing this article adjudicates between competing explanations for No-Aid Provision strength in a way that illuminates the interaction of politics, religion and education in America.
Reevaluating the Implications of Decision-Making Models
Authors: Masood Ali S. , Songer Donald R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMost empirical analyses of the US Supreme Court are limited to the Court’s plenary decisions. We contend that summary decisions are an important component of the total decisional output of the Court and, as such, should be included in any overall assessment of the decision making of the Court or its impact on the courts below. We analyze the universe of the Court’s summary decisions from 1995 to 2005. We assess the conventional wisdom that a conservative Court should primarily disturb liberal lower-court decisions and that, in all cases granted certiorari, the policy preferences of the justices should have a major impact on their votes. We find support for neither of these expectations.
On the Use of Honesty Priming Tasks to Mitigate Hypothetical Bias in Choice Experiments
Authors: de-Magistris Tiziana , Gracia Azucena , Nayga Rodolfo M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe test whether the use of an honesty priming task can help mitigate hypothetical bias in stated preference choice experiments (CE). Using a between‐sample design, we conducted hypothetical and non‐hypothetical choice experiments with seven treatments. Our results suggest that marginal willingness to pay estimates from hypothetical CE with an honesty priming task are not significantly different from marginal valuations from non‐hypothetical CE. Values from both of these treatments are lower than those from three other hypothetical treatments, while values from the three non‐hypothetical treatments are not significantly different from each other.
Radio and X-ray observations of jet ejection in Cygnus X-2
Authors: Spencer R. E. , Rushton A. P. , Bałucińska-Church M. , Paragi Z. , Schulz N. S. , Wilms J. , Pooley G. G. , Church M. J. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The ejection of a relativistic jet has been observed in the luminous Galactic low-mass X-ray binary Cygnus X-2. Using high-resolution radio observations, a directly resolved ejection event has been discovered while the source was on the horizontal branch of the Z-track. Contemporaneous radio and X-ray observations were made with the European VLBI Network at 6 cm and the Swift X-ray observatory in the 0.3–10 keV band. This has been difficult to achieve because of the previous inability to predict jet formation. Two sets of ∼10 h observations were spaced 12 h apart, the jet apparently switching on during Day 1. The radio results show an unresolved core evolving into an extended jet. A preliminary value of jet velocity v/c of 0.33±0.12 was obtained, consistent with previous determinations in Galactic sources. Simultaneous radio and X-ray lightcurves are presented and the X-ray hardness ratio shows the source to be on the horizontal branch where jets are expected. The observations support our proposal that jet formation can in future be predicted based on X-ray intensity increases beyond a critical value.
Six Percent Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 (Voluven®) versus 5% Human Serum Albumin for Volume Replacement Therapy during Elective Open-heart Surgery in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Van der Linden Philippe , De Villé Andrée , Hofer Anna , Heschl Martina , Gombotz Hans 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background:
Although 5% albumin (human serum albumin [HSA]) is widely used in cardiac surgery children, synthetic colloids may provide a valuable alternative. This study compared 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 with HSA for volume replacement in this population.

Methods:
The study was a two-center, randomized, controlled, parallel-group, double-blind trial performed in children aged 2–12 yr undergoing elective surgery for congenital heart disease under extracorporeal circulation. The primary objective was to demonstrate equivalence between HES and HSA with regard to the total volume of colloid infusion for intraoperative volume replacement including priming of the extracorporeal circuitery.

Results:
In the per-protocol population, mean volume of colloid required until end of surgery was (mean ± SD) 36.6 ± 11.8 ml/kg body weight in the HES group (N = 29) and 37.0 ± 11.9 ml/kg body weight in the HSA group (N = 26; ratio of means HES/HSA = 0.98 [95% CI, 0.84–1.16]). Intraoperative fluid balance was less positive in the HES group (P = 0.047). No difference was found regarding hemodynamics, the use of vasoactive and inotropic drugs. Blood loss, erythrocytes transfusion, and renal function were not different between groups. The incidence of adverse events up to postoperative day 28 did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions:
In pediatric cardiac surgery, HES showed equivalence to HSA with regard to volume replacement therapy in children aged from 2 to 12 yr. Although there was no suggestion of an imbalance of safety measures between HES and HSA, the study was not powered to provide any firm conclusions about safety of tetrastarch in this population.