bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Label switching over IEEE802.15.4e networks
Authors: Morell A. , Vilajosana X. , Vicario J. L. , Watteyne T. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTAn open issue still to be addressed in low‐power lossy networks (LLNs) is how the application requirements, the available transport services, the network layer routes, and the data link‐layer resources are mapped efficiently. This can be explained by the fact that, in most LLNs, link‐layer resources cannot be easily managed; this results in a best effort IP layer, and traffic engineering performed solely through flow control at the transport layer. The new IEEE802.15.4e standard defines a link‐layer mechanism by which motes in the network synchronise and communicate by following a schedule. Each slot in that schedule can be seen as an atomic link‐layer resource, which can be allocated to any arbitrary link in the network. The schedule can be built to match the bandwidth, latency and power requirements of each mote in the network. Managing that schedule is performed centrally in IEEE802.15.4e networks today. This paper explores a solution to achieve the same goal in a distributed manner. Specifically, we argue that this problem is very similar to traffic engineering on today's Internet. We show how multiprotocol label switching can be mapped to LLNs to manage the network's schedule. By using the completely fair distributed scheduler, we show by simulation how this novel link‐layer resource allocation scheme yields a proper distribution of end‐to‐end delays among the motes and an average throughput that achieves the 70% of the maximum possible throughput in the worst conditions tested. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicompartment micelle‐structured peptide nanoparticles: A new biocompatible gene‐ and drug‐delivery tool
Authors: de Bruyn Ouboter Dirk , Schuster Thomas , Shanker Vijay , Heim Markus , Meier Wolfgang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSelf‐assembled, biodegradable materials that embed fragile, soluble, or insoluble compounds of therapeutic interest have potential use as drug delivery systems. The bead‐forming peptide Ac‐X3‐gT can embed hydrophobic and hydrophilic payloads. Loaded peptide beads were internalized by human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP‐1) macrophages, THP‐1 monocytes, and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Huh7). Furthermore, paclitaxel and doxorubicin coencapsulated in the peptide beads were delivered to THP‐1 monocytes, causing a decrease in cell viability due to the activity of the anticancer drugs. In addition to the bead‐forming peptide Ac‐X3‐gT, the use of a positively charged peptide analogue increased the RNA/DNA embedding efficiency to 99% by charge compensation and micellar complexation. Internalization of the resulting gene delivery systems by Huh7 cells led to specific gene silencing either by embedded small interfering RNA or by plasmid‐encoding small hairpin RNA delivered in cells. The new class of purely peptidic material caused no measurable toxicity during in vitro experiments, thereby indicating potential use as a drug delivery system for multidrug delivery and gene therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1155–1163, 2014.
Swedish mutant APP suppresses osteoblast differentiation and causes osteoporotic deficit, which are ameliorated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine
Authors: Xia Wen-Fang , Jung Ji-Ung , Shun Cui , Xiong Shan , Xiong Lei , Shi Xing-Ming , Mei Lin , Xiong Wen-Cheng 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Reduced bone mineral density and hip fracture are frequently observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, mechanisms underlying their association remain poorly understood. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane protein that is ubiquitously expressed in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts (OBs), macrophages (BMMs), and osteoclasts (OCs). Mutations in the APP gene identified in early-onset AD patients are believed to cause AD. But little is known about APP's role in bone remodeling. Here, we present evidence for Swedish mutant APP (APPswe) in suppression of OB differentiation and function in culture and in mouse. APP expression in BMSCs increases during aging. Ubiquitous expression of APPswe in young adult Tg2576 transgenic mice (under the control of a prion promoter) recaptured skeletal “aging-like” deficits, including decreased OB genesis and bone formation, increased adipogenesis and bone marrow fat, and enhanced OC genesis and bone resorption. Remarkably, selective expression of APPswe in mature OB-lineage cells in TgAPPswe-Ocn mice (under the control of osteocalcin [Ocn] promoter-driven Cre) also decreased OB genesis and increased OC formation, resulting in a trabecular bone loss. These results thus suggest a cell-autonomous role for APPswe in suppressing OB formation and function, but a nonautonomous effect on OC genesis. Notably, increased adipogenesis and elevated bone marrow fat were detected in young adult Tg2576 mice, but not in TgAPPswe-Ocn mice, implying that APPswe in BMSCs and/or multicell types in bone marrow promotes bone marrow adipogenesis. Intriguingly, the skeletal aging-like deficits in young adult Tg2576 mice were prevented by treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may underlie APPswe-induced osteoporotic deficits. Taken together, these results demonstrate a role for APPswe in suppressing OB differentiation and bone formation, implicate APPswe as a detrimental factor for AD-associated osteoporotic deficit, and reveal a potential clinical value of NAC in the treatment of osteoporotic deficits. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Material and structural properties of fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) Zwischensubstanz
Authors: Pinto Sheldon J.D. , Shadwick Robert E. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe oral anatomy of the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) consists of several major structures crucial to its engulfment method of feeding, such as stiff keratinized baleen plates, a large flaccid tongue, and a prominent vomer. One under‐documented part of this anatomy is the cream white Zwischensubstanz that holds the baleen plates to the rostrum at their dorsal base. The mechanical and structural properties of Zwischensubstanz play a key role in baleen plate dynamics and, on the grand scale, contribute to baleen whales' filtration efficiency and attainment of large body size. Compression and tensile tests on the Zwischensubstanz sampled from an 18 m fin whale showed that this material unexpectedly exhibits linear isotropic behaviour with Elastic Modulus of 2.56 ± 0.60 MPa and hysteresis of 0.44 ± 0.02 in compression despite apparent unidirectional growth. Acting similar to a soft rubber, the Zwischensubstanz absorbs and dissipates the enormous forces acting on baleen plates during engulfment feeding while maintaining spacing between the plates to maximize filtration efficiency. Microscopic analysis provided images of connective tissue papillae penetrating the base of the Zwischensubstanz and developing within it to emerge as fully formed, keratinized baleen plates. The plates develop from the papillae and a connective tissue sheet within the 5–7 cm deep Zwischensubstanz. The Zwischensubstanz provides a keratin matrix of concentrically oriented fibers around each papilla forming the hard baleen plates and frayed fringes used for filter feeding. During this formation, the Zwischensubstanz remains unchanged and appears to slough away to allow the baleen plate to grow unhindered. J. Morphol. 274:947–955, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incorporation of soybean by‐product okara and inulin in a probiotic soy yoghurt: texture profile and sensory acceptance
Authors: Bedani Raquel , Campos Marina MS , Castro Inar A , Rossi Elizeu A , Saad Susana MI 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study evaluated the effect of inulin and okara flour on textural and sensory properties of probiotic soy yoghurt (SY) throughout 28 days of storage at 4 °C. Employing a 22 design, four formulations of SY produced from soymilk and fermented with an ABT‐4 culture (Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5, Bifidobacterium animalis Bb‐12 and Streptococcus thermophilus) were studied: SY‐C (control); SY‐I (with inulin); SY‐O (with okara); SY‐IO (with inulin + okara).RESULTSThe addition of okara and the refrigerated storage led to significant differences in the instrumental texture parameters of SY (P < 0.05). Inulin and okara did not affect SY sensory acceptability (P > 0.05), but there was a tendency for higher scores in the presence of inulin. On the other hand, the storage period, particularly at 21 days, was unfavourable regarding the acceptance of the different SY.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that the addition of okara flour and the storage were significant factors to increase firmness of the soy yoghurts. SY acceptability was not affected by the incorporation of inulin or okara. These results suggest that okara, discarded as industrial waste, may be used in probiotic soy yoghurt, helping to increase the nutritional and functional properties without altering its acceptability. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Perspectives and Potential Applications of Mitochondria‐Targeted Antioxidants in Cardiometabolic Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rocha Milagros , Apostolova Nadezda , Herance Jose Raul , Rovira‐Llopis Susana , Hernandez‐Mijares Antonio , Victor Victor M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThere is abundant evidence to suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is a main cause of insulin resistance and related cardiometabolic comorbidities. On the other hand, insulin resistance is one of the main characteristics of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Lipid and glucose metabolism require mitochondria to generate energy, and when O2 consumption is low due to inefficient nutrient oxidation, there is an increase in reactive oxygen species, which can impair different types of molecules, including DNA, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, thereby inducing proinflammatory processes. Factors which contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, such as mitochondrial biogenesis and genetics, can also lead to insulin resistance in different insulin‐target tissues, and its association with mitochondrial dysfunction can culminate in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this context, therapies that improve mitochondrial function may also improve insulin resistance. This review explains mechanisms of mitochondrial function related to the pathological effects of insulin resistance in different tissues. The pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases will be explained from a mitochondrial perspective and the potential beneficial effects of mitochondria‐targeted antioxidants as a therapy for modulating mitochondrial function in cardiometabolic diseases, especially diabetes, will also be considered.
Derivatives of maximum‐entropy basis functions on the boundary: Theory and computations
Authors: Greco F. , Sukumar N. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we obtain explicit expressions to evaluate the derivatives of maximum‐entropy (max‐ent) basis function on the boundary of a convex domain. In the max‐ent formulation, the basis functions are obtained by maximizing a concave functional subjected to linear constraints (reproducing conditions). In doing so, it is found that the Lagrange multipliers blow up when x ∈ ∂Ω, and the expressions for the derivatives of the max‐ent basis functions in Ω are of an indeterminate form for points on ∂Ω. We appeal to l'Hôpital's rule to derive expressions to determine the derivatives of the basis functions. We consider the Shannon entropy functional and the relative entropy functional with different choices of the prior weight function. The first‐order derivatives of all basis functions are bounded. In contrast, on an irregular grid with a certain nodal spacing, some of the second derivatives of the basis functions are unbounded on the boundary. Necessary and sufficient conditions on the priors to obtain bounded Lagrange multipliers are established. Optimal convergence rates for fourth‐order problems are demonstrated for a Galerkin approach with a quadratically complete partition‐of‐unity enriched max‐ent approximation.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How great thy brand: the impact of church branding on perceived benefits
Authors: Casidy Riza 
Published: May 2013

There are mixed opinions in the literature in regards of the appropriateness, relevance and significance of church branding in the context of church participation. This pilot study applied the ‘perceived brand orientation’ (PBO) construct in church context and examines its impact on perceived benefits among regular church goers of one Pentecostal denomination and non‐regular church goers. The results indicate that PBO is significantly related to perceived spiritual, social and purpose‐in‐life benefits in both sample groups. A multigroup analysis also found that PBO has a stronger effect on perceived benefits among non‐regular church goers. This study highlights the importance of being brand‐oriented to attract members' participation. Relevant implications for church leaders and managers of nonprofit organizations are also identified. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Greater weight loss with increasing age in the weight loss maintenance trial
Authors: Svetkey Laura P. , Clark Jeanne M. , Funk Kristine , Corsino Leonor , Batch Bryan C. , Hollis Jack F. , Appel Lawrence J. , Brantley Phillip J. , Loria Catherine M. , Champagne Catherine M. , Vollmer William M. , Stevens Victor J. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of age on weight loss and weight loss maintenance in participants in the Weight Loss Maintenance trial (WLM).Design and MethodsSecondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of overweight/obese adults with CVD risk factors was conducted. Participants were 1685 adults with baseline BMI 25‐45 kg m2 with hypertension and/or dyslipidemia. Those who lost at least 4kg in an initial 6‐month behavioral weight loss intervention (N = 1,032) were randomly assigned to a 30‐month maintenance phase of self‐directed control (SD), monthly personal counseling (PC), or unlimited access to an internet‐based intervention (IT). Age groups were defined post‐hoc and weight change was compared among age groups.ResultsParticipants ≥60 years old initially lost more weight than younger individuals, and sustained greater weight loss in IT and PC but not in SD (P value for trend 0.024, 0.002, and 0.36, respectively).ConclusionsIn WLM, adults age ≥60 years had greater initial weight loss and greater sustained weight loss over 3 years, compared to younger adults. Older adults had greater weight loss maintenance with either personal counseling or internet‐based intervention. Future research should determine optimal implementation strategies and effects of weight loss on health outcomes in older adults.
Idiographically Desirable Responding: Individual Differences in Perceived Trait Desirability Predict Overclaiming
Authors: Ludeke Steven G. , Weisberg Yanna J. , Deyoung Colin G. 
Published: May 2013

Objective Conventional measures of self–report bias implicitly assume consistent patterns of overclaiming across individuals. We contrast this with the effects of individual differences in views of trait desirability on overclaiming, which we label idiographically desirable responding (IDR). Method We obtained self–reports and peer reports of trait levels on mixed–sex samples of undergraduates (N = 352) and middle–aged community members (N = 541), with an additional performance–based assessment in the latter sample. Results Compared to conventional measures of bias, individual differences in trait desirability ratings identified an independent and comparatively large amount of the variance in overclaiming for personality and physical attractiveness. The importance of IDR was confirmed by the replication of these results for intelligence, for which both peer–ratings and performance data were available. Individuals differed in the extent to which they rely on IDR, with these differences indexed by the correlation between views of the desirability of a given trait and the extent to which one overclaimed that trait. Individuals who were more prone to overclaim in this fashion exhibited higher self–esteem as well as higher scores on questionnaire measures of socially desirable responding. Conclusion Overclaiming of traits resulted both from the patterns of biases identified by conventional overclaiming measures and from individual differences in perceptions of what traits are most desirable. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology
Effect of Transdermal Isopropyl Alcohol on the International Normalized Ratio in Five Warfarin‐Treated Patients
Authors: Pitcock James J. , Oluyemi Olubusola O. , Pitcock Margaret B. 
Published: May 2013

Warfarin, an anticoagulant with a narrow therapeutic window, is largely metabolized by cytochrome P450 2C9. Isopropyl alcohol has been shown to inhibit the activity of this enzyme. Use of topical isopropyl alcohol as a rubefacient may place patients at risk for systemic exposure. Isopropyl alcohol's effect on the international normalized ratio (INR) has not been well characterized. We describe five patients who experienced INR elevations after topical application of isopropyl alcohol. Each patient's INR was therapeutic for at least seven visits prior to becoming supratherapeutic. All patients confirmed drug adherence and denied medication or dietary changes. Seventy percent isopropyl alcohol was used in all cases over a large body surface area of intact skin multiple times daily for several days. All patients experienced a 10% or greater increase in their INR compared to previous levels. On discontinuation of isopropyl alcohol, each patient's INR returned to and remained in therapeutic range for the next 2 months. Prediction of isopropyl alcohol's effect of the INR is confound by several factors, notably the BSA covered, concentration of alcohol in the product, contact time with the skin, and skin integrity. It is important that clinicians inquire about the use of isopropyl alcohol and educate patients about its potential risk in those receiving warfarin therapy.
Reconstruction of a robust glycodiagnostic agent supported by multiple lectin‐assisted glycan profiling
Authors: Kuno Atsushi , Sato Takashi , Shimazaki Hiroko , Unno Sachiko , Saitou Kozue , Kiyohara Katsue , Sogabe Maki , Tsuruno Chikayuki , Takahama Youichi , Ikehara Yuzuru , Narimatsu Hisashi 
Published: May 2013

PurposeWisteria floribunda agglutinin positive human Mac‐2‐binding protein (WFA+‐hM2BP) was recently validated as a liver fibrosis glycobiomarker with a fully automated lectin–antibody sandwich immunoassay. In this study, we supplied recombinant WFA+‐hM2BP as the standard glycoprotein and the overlaid antibody to enhance the robustness of WFA+‐hM2BP quantification.Experimental designThe optimum conditions for producing recombinant WFA+‐hM2BP were selected by cell glycome analysis based on a lectin microarray. Interlot variability of recombinant WFA+‐hM2BP was determined using an antibody‐overlay lectin microarray. Screening of anti‐M2BP mAb was completed by incorporating a WFA–antibody sandwich ELISA and an antibody‐overlay lectin microarray.ResultsThe lectin microarray analysis revealed that human embryonic kidney 293 cells efficiently and stably produced WFA+‐hM2BP in DMEM containing 10% FCS without any variation in the M2BP glycosylation level. A spiking experiment with recombinant WFA+‐hM2BP was mostly effective for antibody screening. The reconstituted sandwich immunoassay was useful for the continuous quantification and cutoff index expression of serum WFA+‐hM2BP.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe multiple use of lectin‐assisted glycan profiling enabled us to construct a reliable sandwich assay kit for monitoring liver fibrosis in patients with viral hepatitis. This will assist in the development pipeline for other glycodiagnostic agents.
Café 3440 am Pitztaler Gletscher – Wildspitzbahn, Österreich
Authors: Aste Christian , Weissteiner Thomas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDie Seilbahnen in den Ostalpen – vor allem die Tiroler Seilbahnen, zeigen sich ihrer Tradition entsprechend wieder zunehmend architekturbewusst und konstruktiv kühn. Die Billigstperiode mit den vorgefertigten Einheitsstationen ist überwunden, es gibt zum Glück wieder – wie in den 1930er Jahren – auskragende Felsennester mit herrlichem Panorama, welche zum Verweilen einladen, die weißglänzende Einsamkeit der Berge andächtig und ehrfurchtsvoll zu betrachten. Wir können stolz auf unsere Bergwelt sein – auch ohne Schneesicherheit und Sonnengarantie – ist sie Ehrfurcht gebietend und erlebnisreich, anstrengend und fordernd sowie immer wieder zu philosophischer und auch religiöser Sammlung und Einkehr einladend. Diese dritte Qualität des Bergtourismus wurde bereits 2002 beim 2. Future Mountain Symposium in Sölden und bei der VTK‐Tagung 2004 in Arosa definiert.Das gegenständliche Projekt Wildspitze 3440, die höchste Bergstation der Pitztaler Gletscherbahnen und der Ostalpen, wurde von Arch. Baumschlager (Dornbirn) entworfen und von aste | weissteiner (Innsbruck) konstruktiv bearbeitet. Unterbau und Fundierung wurden im Permafrost verankert in Beton ausgeführt, die Stations‐ und Restauranthülle in Stahl und teilweise in Stahl‐Beton‐Verbund errichtet. Die kurze Bauzeit im Hochgebirge, die schwierigen Transportwege und die ausgesetzte Montage waren Herausforderung für alle Beteiligten.Café 3440 at the Pitztaler Glacier – Wildspitzbahn, Austria. Today the new Tyrolean cableways become aware of their architectural and constructional tradition. Brave rocky nest constructions allow overwhelming views to the surrounding mountain tops and glaciers. The project Wildspitze 3440 of the Pitztaler Gletscherbahnen reaches the highest cableway station of the Eastern Alps. Designed by Architekt Baumschlager, Dornbirn, and constructed by aste | weissteiner, Innsbruck, the erection was marked by short schedule, difficult transport of materials up to 3440 m above sea level, overhanging steel structures and erections and permafrost foundations.
The description of electronic processes inside proteins from Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics: chemical transformations
Authors: Rovira Carme 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUsed in the past mainly to solve problems in the field of physics, ab initio (Car–Parrinello) molecular dynamics (CPMD) is taking its place in the study of problems in chemistry and biochemistry. In particular, with regard to electronic processes in the interior of proteins that are either too subtle or too rapid to be studied by conventional structural biology tools, and too complex landscapes that cannot be resolved with either standard quantum chemical or traditional force‐field methods. The availability of faster and more powerful supercomputers has facilitated the usage of CPMD, whereas the development of methods to investigate complex landscapes (such as metadynamics) has opened significantly the range of biological problems that can be afforded. Here, we overview the progress in this field from the first studies of biological systems in the late 90s, with some illustrative examples in the area of enzymatic reactions.This article is categorized under:

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Interactions