bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of energy requirement references for exclusively breast-fed infants
Authors: Nielsen Susan B. , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Fewtrell Mary S. , Eaton Simon , Grinham James , Reilly John J. 
Published: November 2012

In paediatric practice, mean reference energy requirements for groups are often used to predict individual infant energy requirements. References from the FAO/WHO/United Nations University are based on infants not fed according to the current infant feeding recommendations. The objective of the present study was to measure total energy expenditure (TEE) and determine energy requirements using criterion methods, and validate the use of TEE prediction equation and mean energy requirement references for predicting individual TEE and energy requirements, respectively, in infants who were exclusively breast-fed (EBF) to 6 months of age. EBF infants were included from Greater Glasgow for measurements at 3·5 (n36) and 6 (n33) months of age. TEE was measured using doubly labelled water and energy requirements were determined using the factorial approach. TEE and energy requirements were also predicted using equations based on body weight. Relationships between criterion methods and predictions were assessed using correlations. Pairedttests and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess agreement. At the population level, predicted and measured TEE were similar. The energy requirement reference significantly underestimated energy requirements by 7·2 % at 3·5 months at the population level, but there was no bias at 6 months. Errors at individual levels were large and energy requirements were underestimated to a larger extent for infants with higher energy requirements. This indicates that references presently used in clinical practice to estimate energy requirements may not fully account for the different growth pattern of EBF infants. More studies in infants EBF to 6 months of age are needed to understand how growth of EBF infants influences energy requirements.
Militarized Masculinities: Shaped and Reshaped in Colonial South-East Punjab
Authors: CHOWDHRY PREM 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper offers a gendered perspective to British domination in India through the British Indian Army—which in many ways was central to their entire structure of economic and political domination in India. Locating its understanding drawn from the political economy of south-east Punjab, it argues that the designated martial castes and military recruitment structurally and ideologically identified with and privileged those trends of existing masculinities in this region which suited their power structure and empire building. It was a constellation of marital caste status, land ownership, dominant caste syndrome and good bodily physique or physical strength that ideologically came to connect and configure dominant masculinity in colonial Punjab. An Army profession fully supported it. During the two world wars it emerged as the militarized masculinity, amply supported by legal and administrative measures introduced or apparently adopted in deference to certain popular cultural practices. The associated economic and political privileges turned ‘loyalty’ into an inherent and special ingredient of ‘masculinity’ which the nationalists had to confront and deal with till such times that it came to be firmly linked with nationalism and patriotism.
Assessing your mood online: acceptability and use of Moodscope
Authors: Drake G. , Csipke E. , Wykes T. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundMoodscope is an entirely service-user-developed online mood-tracking and feedback tool with built-in social support, designed to stabilize and improve mood. Many free internet tools are available with no assessment of acceptability, validity or usefulness. This study provides an exemplar for future assessments.MethodA mixed-methods approach was used. Participants with mild to moderate low mood used the tool for 3 months. Correlations between weekly assessments using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) with daily Moodscope scores were examined to provide validity data. After 3 months, focus groups and questionnaires assessed use and usability of the tool.ResultsMoodscope scores were correlated significantly with scores on the PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 for all weeks, suggesting a valid measure of mood. Low rates of use, particularly toward the end of the trial, demonstrate potential problems relating to ongoing motivation. Questionnaire data indicated that the tool was easy to learn and use, but there were concerns about the mood adjectives, site layout and the buddy system. Participants in the focus groups found the tool acceptable overall, but felt clarification of the role and target group was required.ConclusionsWith appropriate adjustments, Moodscope could be a useful tool for clinicians as a way of initially identifying patterns and influences on mood in individuals experiencing low mood. For those who benefit from ongoing mood tracking and the social support provided by the buddy system, Moodscope could be an ongoing adjunct to therapy.
Liberalism in the Turkish context and its historiography: past and present
Authors: Özavcı Hilmi Ozan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis essay seeks to rehistoricise the birth of liberalism in Turkey with the aim of bringing an alternative interpretation to its historiography and throwing some light upon its characteristics, past and present. In contrast to recent comments on liberalism in the Turkish context, it argues that there is an intellectual background of the liberal tradition in Turkey, and that understanding the characteristics of this background requires (1) the mapping out and examination of the key concepts used by liberal writers in the context of the general political lexicon of their times and (2) an intellectual excavation tracing the mostly western European origins of the ideas of Turkish liberals. This leads to the conclusion that early republicans in Turkey embraced a version of liberalism that has not been identified in previous attempts to historicise liberal Turkish thought.
Excavating a memory: the British in Georgia
Authors: Everill Paul 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper describes the discovery of a sherd of mid 19th century British pottery during excavations at the site of Nokalakevi, in Samegrelo, western Georgia in 2002. The transfer-printed design on the sherd, though only partially surviving, was clearly identified as representing Horse Guards Parade, London. Standard archaeological practice might have seen the sherd, a modern artefact retrieved from the topsoil, discarded, as having no archaeological significance. However its true significance was to lie in its instigation of a period of research, discussion and reflection on the recent history of Anglo-Georgian relations. Unbeknown to the British archaeologists, from 1918 to 1920 British troops were garrisoned across the southern Caucasus in an attempt to support the Whites against Red and Nationalist armies. It is a peacekeeping action that is remembered negatively in modern Georgia and almost forgotten in Britain. This paper provides an historical outline of those events and urges a reconsideration of the value of archaeological finds, to recognise that their real significance might transcend capital and perhaps sometimes even archaeology. In cases such as this, the decision not to discard an apparently insignificant artefact can provide access to forgotten pasts, and force us to think critically about our own recent history.
Ageing towards 21 as a risk factor for Young Adult Suicide in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Malone K. M. , Quinlivan L. , Grant T. , Kelleher C. C. 
Published: November 2012

Aims.Youth and young adult suicide has increasingly appeared on international vital statistics as a rising trend of concern in age-specific mortality over the past 50 years. The reporting of suicide deaths in 5-year age bands, which has been the international convention to date, may mask a greater understanding of year-on-year factors that may accelerate or ameliorate the emergence of suicidal thoughts, acts and fatal consequences. The study objective was to identify any year-on-year period of increased risk for youth and young adult suicide in the UK and Ireland.Methods.Collation and examination of international epidemiological datasets on suicide (aged 18–35) for the UK and Ireland 2000–2006 (N = 11 964). Outcome measures included the age distribution of suicide mortality in international datasets from the UK and Ireland, 2000–2006.Results.An accelerated pattern of risk up to the age of 20 for the UK and Ireland which levels off moderately thereafter was uncovered, thus identifying a heretofore unreported age-related epidemiological transition for suicide.Conclusions.The current reporting of suicide in 5-year age bands may conceal age-related periods of risk for suicide. This may have implications for suicide prevention programmes for young adults under age 21.
A novel method for purification of polymerizable tubulin with a high content of the acetylated isotype
Authors: Carbajal Agustín , Chesta María E. , Bisig C. Gastón , Arce Carlos A. 
Published: November 2012

Tubulin can be acetylated/deacetylated on Lys40 of the α-subunit. Studies of the post-translational acetylation/deacetylation of tubulin using biochemical techniques require tubulin preparations that are enriched in AcTubulin (acetylated tubulin) and (for comparison) preparations lacking AcTubulin. Assembly–disassembly cycling of microtubules gives tubulin preparations that contain little or no AcTubulin. In the present study we demonstrated that this result is owing to the presence of high deacetylating activity in the extracts. This deacetylating activity in rat brain homogenates was inhibited by TSA (Trichostatin A) and tubacin, but not by nicotinamide, indicating that HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6) is involved. TSA showed no effect on microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. We utilized these properties of TSA to prevent deacetylation during the assembly–disassembly procedure. The effective inhibitory concentration of TSA was 3 μM in the homogenate and 1 μM in the subsequent cycling steps. By comparison with immunopurified AcTubulin, we estimated that ~64% of the tubulin molecules in the three cycled preparations were acetylated. The protein profiles of these tubulin preparations, as assessed by SDS/PAGE and Coomassie Blue staining, were identical to that of a preparation completely lacking AcTubulin obtained by assembly–disassembly cycles in the absence of TSA. The tyrosination state and in vitro assembly–disassembly kinetics were the same regardless of the degree of acetylation.
Effect of using poles on foot–ground kinetics during stance phase in trail running
Authors: Daviaux Yannick , Hintzy Frédérique , Samozino Pierre , Horvais Nicolas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using poles on foot–ground interaction during trail running with slopes of varying incline. Ten runners ran on a loop track representative of a trail running field situation with uphill (+9°), level and downhill (−6°) sections at fixed speed (3.2 m.s−1). Experimental conditions included running with (WP) and without (NP) the use of poles for each of the three slopes. Several quantitative and temporal foot–ground interaction parameters were calculated from plantar pressure data measured with a portable device. Using poles induced a decrease in plantar pressure intensity even when the running velocity stayed constant. However, the localisation and the magnitude of this decrease depended on the slope situations. During WP level running, regional analysis of the foot highlighted a decrease of the force time integral (FTI) for absolute (FTIabs; −12.6%; P<0.05) and relative values (FTIrel; −14.3%; P<0.05) in the medial forefoot region. FTIabs (−14.2%; P<0.05) and duration of force application (Δt; −13.5%; P<0.05) also decreased in the medial heel region when WP downhill running. These results support a facilitating effect of pole use for propulsion during level running and for the absorption phase during downhill running.
State Trading Enterprises as Non‐Tariff Measures: Theory, Evidence, and Future Research Directions
Authors: McCorriston Steve , MacLaren Donald 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe review issues concerning the use of state trading enterprises (STEs) as a non‐tariff measure in importing countries. We focus on a tariff equivalent measure that captures the main features of markets where STEs are used, and we identify the factors that influence tariff equivalent effect. We supplement this discussion with case studies highlighting the potential to improve the transparency of trade‐distorting enterprises as employed across importing countries. These studies also highlight that, as the role of the STE changes, so too does the size of the tariff equivalent. Increasing the transparency of STEs can aid the treatment of them in trade negotiations.
A Métier-Sustainability-Index (MSI25) to evaluate fisheries components: assessment of cases from data-poor fisheries from southern Europe
Authors: Tzanatos Evangelos , Castro Jose , Forcada Aitor , Matić-Skoko Sanja , Gaspar Miguel , Koutsikopoulos Constantin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTzanatos, E., Castro, J., Forcada, A., Matić-Skoko, S., Gaspar, M., and Koutsikopoulos, C. 2013. A Métier-Sustainability-Index (MSI25) to evaluate fisheries components: assessment of cases from data-poor fisheries from southern Europe. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70:78–98.The present work presents an integrated comparative assessment of the sustainability of fishing tactics or métiers (combinations of area, season, fishing gear, and target species). An index, which includes biological, conservation, socioeconomic, and management criteria, was created for this purpose: the “Métier Sustainability Index” (MSI25). It was designed using the traffic lights approach and comprises 25 indicators that refer to the “health” of the fisheries. Additionally, the MSI25 provides an indication of the “certainty” of that information with regard to the data type/heterogeneity. Subsequently, the index was tested using data from six case studies (81 métiers) from the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. The index showed that 63.0% of the métiers were “sustainable”, 21.0% were “unsustainable” and 16.0% were “under pressure”; 59.3% of characterizations were considered as “certain”. The index evaluation showed significant differences between areas and gears. This paper considers the characteristics of the datasets used, the case management status, and the applicability of the index in improving the management of specific fisheries. Overall, the MSI25 was found to be a useful tool for the evaluation and management of highly heterogeneous fisheries and data from various sources and types.
Differential Mobility of Pigment-Protein Complexes in Granal and Agranal Thylakoid Membranes of C3 and C4 Plants
Authors: Kirchhoff Helmut , Sharpe Richard M. , Herbstova Miroslava , Yarbrough Robert , Edwards Gerald E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe photosynthetic performance of plants is crucially dependent on the mobility of the molecular complexes that catalyze the conversion of sunlight to metabolic energy equivalents in the thylakoid membrane network inside chloroplasts. The role of the extensive folding of thylakoid membranes leading to structural differentiation into stacked grana regions and unstacked stroma lamellae for diffusion-based processes of the photosynthetic machinery is poorly understood. This study examines, to our knowledge for the first time, the mobility of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes in unstacked thylakoid regions in the C3 plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and agranal bundle sheath chloroplasts of the C4 plants sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and maize (Zea mays) by the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique. In unstacked thylakoid membranes, more than 50% of the protein complexes are mobile, whereas this number drops to about 20% in stacked grana regions. The higher molecular mobility in unstacked thylakoid regions is explained by a lower protein-packing density compared with stacked grana regions. It is postulated that thylakoid membrane stacking to form grana leads to protein crowding that impedes lateral diffusion processes but is required for efficient light harvesting of the modularly organized photosystem II and its light-harvesting antenna system. In contrast, the arrangement of the photosystem I light-harvesting complex I in separate units in unstacked thylakoid membranes does not require dense protein packing, which is advantageous for protein diffusion.
An Essential Role for Tomato Sulfite Oxidase and Enzymes of the Sulfite Network in Maintaining Leaf Sulfite Homeostasis
Authors: Brychkova Galina , Grishkevich Vladislav , Fluhr Robert , Sagi Moshe 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Little is known about the homeostasis of sulfite levels, a cytotoxic by-product of plant sulfur turnover. By employing extended dark to induce catabolic pathways, we followed key elements of the sulfite network enzymes that include adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate reductase and the sulfite scavengers sulfite oxidase (SO), sulfite reductase, UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase, and β-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferases. During extended dark, SO was enhanced in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) wild-type leaves, while the other sulfite network components were down-regulated. SO RNA interference plants lacking SO activity accumulated sulfite, resulting in leaf damage and mortality. Exogenous sulfite application induced up-regulation of the sulfite scavenger activities in dark-stressed or unstressed wild-type plants, while expression of the sulfite producer, adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate reductase, was down-regulated. Unstressed or dark-stressed wild-type plants were resistant to sulfite applications, but SO RNA interference plants showed sensitivity and overaccumulation of sulfite. Hence, under extended dark stress, SO activity is necessary to cope with rising endogenous sulfite levels. However, under nonstressed conditions, the sulfite network can control sulfite levels in the absence of SO activity. The novel evidence provided by the synchronous dark-induced turnover of sulfur-containing compounds, augmented by exogenous sulfite applications, underlines the role of SO and other sulfite network components in maintaining sulfite homeostasis, where sulfite appears to act as an orchestrating signal molecule.
A new ring-like arrangement of vanadyl(IV) groups bridged by monodentate alkoxides:cyclo-decakis(μ-cyclohexylmethanolato)pentakis[oxidovanadium(IV)]
Authors: Stinghen Danilo , Ferreira Janaina G. , Nunes Giovana G. , Soares Jaísa F. 
Published: November 2012

The pentanuclear title compound, [V5(C7H13O)10O5], has a metal–oxygen core that consists of five vanadyl(IV) centres bridged by the O atoms of cyclohexylmethanolate ligands. This particular ring topology is new to oxovanadium(IV) chemistry and resembles the structure proposed for [V5O15]5−on the basis of51V NMR studies in aqueous solution. The bulky cyclohexylmethanolate ligands adopt chair-like conformations and project outwards from the central cyclic core. The title compound crystallizes in a centrosymmetric triclinic unit cell, which contains four independent but chemically identical molecules in the asymmetric unit. The crystal structure is devoid of any significant intermolecular interactions.
Distinct lipopeptide production systems for WLIP (white line‐inducing principle) in Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Rokni‐Zadeh Hassan , Li Wen , Yilma Eshetu , Sanchez‐Rodriguez Aminael , De Mot René 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe interaction of WLIP (white line‐inducing principle), a member of the viscosin group of Pseudomonas lipopeptides, with tolaasin, a lipopeptide mycotoxin secreted by Pseudomonas tolaasii, enables identification of the mushroom pathogen relying on formation of a lipopeptide coprecipitate between confronted colonies of an indicator strain (designated Pseudomonas ‘reactans’) and P. tolaasii. The WLIP non‐ribosomal lipopeptide synthesis system of the mushroom isolate P. ‘reactans’ LMG 5329 (Wip) was identified and shown to be most similar to the Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 viscosin system (Visc), but remarkably different from the WLIP‐generating Wlp system previously identified in the rice rhizosphere isolate Pseudomonas putida RW10S2. The Wlp machinery is composed of modules most similar to those recruited for biosynthesis of the non‐viscosin‐type lipopeptides putisolvin and entolysin by strains from the P. putida clade. In line with the pronounced synteny between the wip and visc flanking regions, strain LMG 5329 was identified as an authentic P. fluorescens closely related to strain SBW25. In both P. putida and P. fluorescens, WLIP production confers similar phenotypes of microbial antagonism and surface colonization. Genotypes other than wlp or wip were not identified among WLIP producers isolated from mushroom, maize rhizosphere or water.
A metapopulation model forCanadian andWestGreenland narwhals
Authors: Heide‐Jørgensen M. P. , Richard P. R. , Dietz R. , Laidre K. L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA model of the metapopulation structure of narwhalsMonodon monocerosinBaffinBay,HudsonBay and adjacent waters is proposed based on satellite telemetry data collected over two decades from six coastal aggregations of narwhals in the easternCanadian highArctic,HudsonBay andWestGreenland. In addition, data on seasonal catches of narwhals in 11Inuit communities are used to provide information on the occurrence of narwhals. The tracking data suggest that disjunct summer aggregations of narwhals are, to some extent, demographically independent subpopulations, with minimal or no exchange with other summering aggregations. We propose that these should be considered separate stocks for management purposes. Year‐round satellite tracking of individuals demonstrates that whales return to the same summering areas the following year, suggesting inter‐annual site fidelity. We propose that the narwhals inCanada constitute five separate stocks, with limited exchange between three of the stocks.Coastal summer aggregations inGreenland constitute two stocks in addition to two fall and winter aggregations supplied by narwhals from several summering areas. Several narwhal stocks mix on the wintering areas inBaffinBay, but the metapopulation structure is likely maintained through a combination of life‐history traits and migratory routes, as mating most likely occurs after the initiation of the return migration toward summering areas. The metapopulation structure inBaffinBay narwhals will be impacted differentially byInuit subsistence hunting, depending on the migratory schedule of narwhals and dates at which whales occur in different seasonal hunting areas. It is therefore important to identify which narwhal stocks contribute to which subsistence hunts in order to assess the sustainability of those hunts. This paper proposes a preliminary stock model for this purpose.