bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Three trans‐Palladium Complexes Containing Planaramine Ligands in Human Ovarian Tumor Models
Authors: Mazumder Mohammed Ehsanul Hoque , Beale Philip , Chan Charles , Yu Jun Qing , Huq Fazlul 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe present study deals with the synthesis, characterization, and activity against human ovarian cancer cell lines A2780, A2780cisR, A2780ZD0473R, and SKOV‐3 of three trans‐planaraminepalladium(II) complexes of the form trans‐PdL2Cl2, coded as EH1, EH3, and EH4, for which L=2‐methylpyridine, imidazole, and 1,2‐α‐imidazopyridine, respectively. The cellular accumulation of palladium, palladium–DNA binding levels, and the nature of interactions of the compounds with salmon sperm and pBR322 plasmid DNA were also determined. All three compounds were found to be less active than cisplatin, but unlike cisplatin they were found to be equally or more active against the resistant cell lines A2780cisR and A2780ZD0473R than against the parent cell line A2780. Among the three palladium complexes, EH4 (which has the bulkiest carrier ligand) was found to be most active, in line with the highest cellular accumulation of palladium and highest level of palladium‐DNA binding resulting from the compound. EH4 was also found to cause the greatest conformational change to pBR322 plasmid DNA. The results of this study illustrate structure–activity relationships; in particular, they support the idea that the decreased reactivity of trans‐palladium complexes through the introduction of bulky ligands can make them more active against tumors.
PAM4 enzyme immunoassay alone and in combination with CA 19‐9 for the detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gold David V. , Gaedcke Jochen , Ghadimi B. Michael , Goggins Michael , Hruban Ralph H. , Liu Mengling , Newsome Guy , Goldenberg David M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The monoclonal antibody PAM4 has high specificity for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as well as its precursor lesions, but has not been found to be reactive with normal and benign pancreatic tissues. The objective of the current study was to evaluate a PAM4‐based serum enzyme immunoassay alone and in combination with the carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9 assay for the detection of PDAC, with particular attention to early stage disease.METHODS:Sera from patients with confirmed PDAC (N = 298), other cancers (N = 99), benign disease of the pancreas (N = 120), and healthy adults (N = 79) were evaluated by a specific enzyme immunoassay for the concentration of PAM4 and CA 19‐9 antigen levels by blinded analyses. All tests for statistical significance were 2‐sided.RESULTS:The overall sensitivity for PAM4 detection of PDAC was 76%, with 64% of patients with stage I disease also identified. The detection rate was considerably higher (85%) for patients with advanced disease. The assay demonstrated high specificity compared with benign pancreatic disease (85%), with a positive likelihood ratio of 4.93. CA 19‐9 provided an overall sensitivity of 77%, and was positive in 58% of patients with stage I disease; however, the specificity was significantly lower for CA 19‐9 (68%), with a positive likelihood ratio of 2.85 (P = .026 compared with PAM4). It is important to note that a combined PAM4 and CA 19‐9 biomarker serum assay demonstrated an improved sensitivity (84%) for the overall detection of PDAC without a significant loss of specificity (82%) compared with either arm alone.CONCLUSIONS:The PAM4 enzyme immunoassay identified approximately two‐thirds of patients with stage I PDAC with high discriminatory power with respect to benign, nonneoplastic pancreatic disease. These results provide a rationale for testing patient groups considered to be at high risk for PDAC with a combined PAM4 and CA 19‐9 biomarker serum assay for the detection of early stage PDAC. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
The Origin of Higher Open‐Circuit Voltage in Zn‐Doped TiO2 Nanoparticle‐Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Feng , Zhang Panpan , Wu Xuejun , Fu Limin , Zhang Jianping , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: August 2012

AbstractZn‐doped anatase TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by a one‐step hydrothermal method. Detailed electrochemical measurements are undertaken to investigate the origin of the effect of Zn doping on the performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). It is found that incorporation of Zn2+ into an anatase lattice elevates the edge of the conduction band (CB) of the photoanodes and the Fermi level is shifted toward the CB edge, which contributes to the improvement in open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Charge‐density plots across the cell voltage further confirm the increase in the CB edge in DSSCs directly. Photocurrent and transient photovoltage measurements are employed to study transport and recombination dynamics. The electron recombination is accelerated at higher voltages close to the CB edge, thus leading to a negative effect on the VOC.
Theoretical Insight into the Origin of Large Stokes Shift and Photophysical Properties of Anilido‐Pyridine Boron Difluoride Dyes
Authors: Jin Jun‐Ling , Li Hai‐Bin , Geng Yun , Wu Yong , Duan Yu‐Ai , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe geometric and electronic structures and photophysical properties of anilido‐pyridine boron difluoride dyes 1–4, a series of scarce 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) derivatives with large Stokes shift, are investigated by employing density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations to shed light on the origin of their large Stokes shifts. To this end, a suitable functional is first determined based on functional tests and a recently proposed index—the charge‐transfer distance. It is found that PBE0 provides satisfactory overall results. An in‐depth insight into Huang–Rhys (HR) factors, Wiberg bond indices, and transition density matrices is provided to scrutinize the geometric distortions and the character of excited states pertaining to absorption and emission. The results show that the pronounced geometric distortion due to the rotation of unlocked phenyl groups and intramolecular charge transfer are responsible for the large Stokes shift of 1 and 2, while 3 shows a relatively blue‐shifted emission wavelength due to its mild geometric distortion upon photoemission, although it has a comparable energy gap to 1. Finally, compound 4, which is designed to realize the rare red emission in BODIPY derivatives, shows desirable and expected properties, such as high Stokes shift (4847 cm−1), red emission at 660 nm, and reasonable fluorescence efficiency. These properties give it great potential as an ideal emitter in organic light‐emitting diodes. The theoretical results could complement and assist in the development of BODIPY‐based dyes with both large Stokes shift and high quantum efficiency.
Electron and Negative Ion Analysis in Oxygen Capacitively Coupled Radio Frequency Plasma
Authors: Meichsner J. , Dittmann K. , Küllig C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLow pressure capacitively coupled radio frequency plasmas (cc‐rf plasmas) were investigated by minimalinvasive 160 GHz Gaussian beam microwave interferometry. The interferometer is a frequency stabilized (PLL) heterodyne system which immediately provides the line integrated electron density at spatial (axial) resolution of about 10 mm and temporal resolution of 200 ns. The line integrated electron density was measured in dependence on the processing parameters rf power (10 … 100 W) and total pressure (10 … 100 Pa) in comparison between argon and oxygen. Thereby, the changed distance between the fixed microwave beam axis as well as the sheath edge is taken into consideration using an analytical collision‐dominated sheath model and results from optical emission spectroscopy. Microwave, interferometry and simultaneous laser photodetachment in oxygen plasma additionally permits the measurement of the negative atomic oxygen ion density. Dynamic and transient phenomena in oxygen plasmas are discussed such as mode transitions, afterglow behaviour in pulsed rf plasma, and electron density fluctuations due to attachment‐induced ionization instabilities (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling and Simulation of Ion Energy Distribution Functions in Technological Plasmas
Authors: Mussenbrock T. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe highly advanced treatment of surfaces as etching and deposition is mainly enabled by the extraordinary properties of technological plasmas. The primary factors that influence these processes are the flux and the energy of various species, particularly ions, that impinge the substrate surface. These features can be theoretically described using the ion energy distribution function (IEDF). The article is intended to summarize the fundamental concepts of modeling and simulation of IEDFs from simplified models to self‐consistent plasma simulations. Finally, concepts for controlling the IEDF are discussed (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐Electrostatic Diagnostics for Ion Beams
Authors: Trottenberg Th. , Spethmann A. , Schneider V. , Stahl M. , Giesenhagen M. , Kersten H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe article reports on non‐electrostatic diagnostics for ion beams. A novel galvanometric force measuring probe is presented, and results are compared with corresponding measurements by a calorimetric technique and using falling microparticles. The target chamber is operated at argon pressures where charge‐exchange collisions are important. It is highlighted that non‐electrostatic methods are sensitive for ions as well as energetic neutral atoms. For the first time, bombardment induced light emission (BLE) from solid targets is proposed as simple beam diagnostic (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectroscopic Investigation of a Microwave‐Generated Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Torch
Authors: Leins M. , Walker M. , Schulz A. , Schumacher U. , Stroth U. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe investigated new microwave plasma torch is based on an axially symmetric resonator. Microwaves of a frequency of 2.45 GHz are resonantly fed into this cavity resulting in a sufficiently high electric field to ignite plasma without any additional igniters as well as to maintain stable plasma operation. Optical emission spectroscopy was carried out to characterize a humid air plasma. OH‐bands were used to determine the gas rotational temperature Trot while the electron temperature was estimated by a Boltzmann plot of oxygen lines. Maximum temperatures of Trot of about 3600 K and electron temperatures of 5800 K could be measured. The electron density ne was estimated to ne ≈ 3 · 1020m–3 by using Saha's equation. Parametric studies in dependence of the gas flow and the supplied microwave power revealed that the maximum temperatures are independent of these parameters. However, the volume of the plasma increases with increasing microwave power and with a decrease of the gas flow. Considerations using collision frequencies, energy transfer times and power coupling provide an explanation of the observed phenomena: The optimal microwave heating is reached for electron‐neutral collision frequencies νen being near to the angular frequency of the wave ω (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Plasma Processes and Plasma Sources in Medicine
Authors: Weltmann K.‐D. , Polak M. , Masur K. , von Woedtke T. , Winter J. , Reuter S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe use of plasma for healthcare can be dated back as far as the middle of the 19th century. Only the development of room temperature atmospheric pressure plasma sources in the past decade, however, has opened the new and fast growing interdisciplinary research field of plasma medicine. Three main topics can be distinguished: plasma treated implants, plasma decontamination, and plasmas in medical therapy. Understanding of the plasma sources and the plasma processes involved is still incomplete. With the aim of a more fundamental insight we investigate plasmas in a) functionalization of implants with antimicrobial as well as cell attachment enhancing surfaces b) atmospheric pressure plasmas (APPs) in inactivation of bacteria, decontamination of bottles and food products, as well as medical equipment and c) APPs in medical therapy and their effects on cell viability as a means to finding a plasma “dosage”. The possibilities of an application focused designing of plasma sources will be emphasized. On the example of feed gas humidity and its significant influence the importance of determining and controlling unobvious or hidden parameter is demonstrated (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Zinc(II) Complexes with Dangling Functional Organic Groups
Authors: Yang Jingxia , Puchberger Michael , Qian Renzhe , Maurer Christian , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: August 2012

AbstractZinc(II) complexes with dangling functional organic groups were synthesized by reaction of zinc acetate with a series of bifunctional p‐substituted benzene derivatives (a combination of carboxylate, oximate, amino, β‐ketoimine, and salicylaldime groups). Selective coordination to carboxylate groups was observed when the second functional group was an oxime or β‐ketoimine group. When the second group was an amine or salicylaldimine moiety, these groups were additionally coordinated. From the reaction with p‐aminobenzoic acid, the compound [Zn2(OOCCH3)(OOC–C6H4–NH2)3]∞ was crystallized. It is a three‐dimensional coordination polymer with bridging aminobenzoate ligands.
Structural Study of Binding of α‐Mannosides to Mannan‐Binding Lectins
Authors: Marchetti Roberta , Lanzetta Rosa , Michelow Ian C. , Molinaro Antonio , Silipo Alba 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMannan‐binding lectin (MBL) is a soluble, collagen‐like C‐type lectin that shows the ability to bind certain N‐glycosylated carbohydrates through calcium‐dependent CRDs. It is composed of three identical polypeptides that form a helical homotrimer further arranged in octadecameric and larger oligomers with a very complex quaternary structure. Several studies have revealed that this protein modulates the immune response, being able to mediate phagocytosis. Unsuitable for industrial‐scale production, due to the costs and the difficulties inherent in its extremely complex quaternary structure, its potential for use in successful anti‐infective therapy is limited. To produce better, less expensive therapeutic agents, less complex chimeric fusion proteins with similar ligand recognition and enhanced effector functions have been developed. In a previous study, recombinant human MBL (rhMBL) and three L‐ficolin (L‐FCN) variants containing the MBL carbohydrate recognition domain and varying lengths of the collagenous domain with potential clinical application against glycosylated enveloped viruses such as Ebola and Marburg were produced. It was also demonstrated that one of these chimeras – L‐FCN/MBL76 – had superior effector activity that appeared to be mediated by greater structural flexibility. In this work we have used an NMR‐based approach to study, at the atomic level, the mannose‐binding activities both of rhMBL and of the chimeric molecule L‐FCN/MBL76. Our findings indicate that the analysis of the binding dynamics of immune effector molecules could be useful for the design and optimization of new therapeutic proteins.
Extracting rotational components of earthquake ground motion using data recorded at multiple stations
Authors: Basu Dhiman , Whittaker Andrew S. , Constantinou Michael C. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTRotational components of earthquake ground motion have not been considered for seismic analysis, design and performance assessment because recordings of these components are unavailable. A number of procedures have been proposed to extract rotational components of ground motion from translational time series recorded at multiple, closely spaced recording stations. In this paper, a new procedure that is capable of capturing higher frequency content in rotational time‐series is presented. The frequencies at which numerical errors are introduced in the solution, which are a function of apparent wave velocity and array dimension, are identified. Results are presented for the proposed procedure, the widely accepted geodetic method, and a single‐station procedure developed by the authors, all using data recorded at the Lotung array in Taiwan. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ON THE DEMAND FOR PRESCRIPTION DRUGS: HETEROGENEITY IN PRICE RESPONSES
Authors: Skipper Niels 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper estimates the price elasticity of demand for prescription drugs using an exogenous shift in consumer co‐payment caused by a reform in the Danish subsidy scheme for the general public. Using purchasing records for the entire Danish population, I show that the average price response for the most commonly used drug yields demand elasticities in the range of –0.36 to –0.5. The reform is shown to affect women, the elderly, and immigrants the most. Furthermore, this paper shows significant heterogeneity in the price response over different types of antibiotics, suggesting that the price elasticity of demand varies considerably even across relatively similar drugs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noding of Cyprideis torosa valves (Ostracoda) – a proxy for salinity? New data from field observations and a long‐term microcosm experiment
Authors: Frenzel Peter , Schulze Isabel , Pint Anna 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCyprideis torosa (Jones, 1850) (Ostracoda, Crustacea) is one of the most common marginal marine ostracod species in the Northern hemisphere. We investigate the relationship between variable noding of its valves and salinity as well as Ca2+ concentration in the ambient water, analysing populations from an in vitro experiment and field data from the southern Baltic Sea coast. There is a clear negative linear correlation between the proportion of noded individuals from our microcosms and salinity. Deficiency of Ca2+ causes heavier noding in laboratory cultures. The same effect can be seen in the field, however, the increase of noded individuals with falling salinity appears to be stepped, not linear. This pattern probably reflects the ability of the animals to wait some time until better salinity conditions occur within the highly variable conditions of estuaries and lagoons.At the southern Baltic Sea coast, proportions of more than 20% noded valves within a C. torosa population indicates salinities of up to 2 psu, up to 10% noded valves indicate salinities between 2 and 7 psu, and the lack of noded valves salinities > 7 psu. Stable salinity conditions as in the studied microcosms cause a shift of these salinity limits to 5 and 14 psu approximately but in a linear relationship between salinity and proportion of noded individuals. Hence, athalassic populations from more stable water bodies should be used for continuous and more detailed salinity trend reconstructions. Deficiency of Ca2+ (approximately < 120 mg/l) effects up to about 20% more noded individuals than in water with same salinity but with higher Ca2+ concentrations. The reproduction rates within the microcosms indicate a salinity optimum of C. torosa eggs of 8 psu whereas the optimum of the adults seems to be at least 14 psu (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Acute Toxicity Tests with Cadmium, Lead, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, and Bacillus thuringiensis on a Temporary Pond Ostracod
Authors: Aguilar‐Alberola Josep A. , Mesquita‐Joanes Francesc 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA complete assessment of effects of pollutants in the environment requires the use of a wide assemblage of test organisms. Crustaceans have been widely used in aquatic environments, but within this group, ostracods have been overlooked, even though they are one of the commonest groups of animals in temporary waters. Within this framework, static acute toxicity bioassays were conducted with heavy metals Cd and Pb, the surfactant SDS and spores of the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis var. israeliensis using adult parthenogenetic females of the temporary pond ostracod Heterocypris bosniaca. Experiments were run at 20 °C and in a 12 by 12 h photoperiod. The toxicity tests results are expressed as LC50 and EC50 at 48 h and 96 h using probit analysis. The sensitivity of H. bosniaca at 48 h decreased in the following order Cd > Pb > SDS > Bti, while Pb and SDS exchanged their positions at 96 h. Comparison of the LC50 values for this species with information available in the literature reveals that it is generally more resistant than other crustaceans. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sperner Partition Systems
Authors: Li P. C. , Meagher Karen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA Spernerk‐partition system on a set X is a set of partitions of X into k classes such that the classes of the partitions form a Sperner set system (so no class from a partition is a subset of a class from another partition). These systems were defined by Meagher, Moura, and Stevens in [6] who showed that if , then the largest Sperner k‐partition system has size . In this paper, we find bounds on the size of the largest Sperner k‐partition system where k does not divide the size of X, specifically, we give upper and lower bounds when , and .
Prevention and management of dysphonia during anterior cervical spine surgery
Authors: Razfar Ali , Sadr‐Hosseini Seyed M. , Rosen Clark A. , Snyderman Carl H. , Gooding William , Abla Adnan A. , Ferris Robert L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Dysphonia is a common postoperative complaint following anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS). The purpose of this study was to analyze voice outcomes following ACSS, to identify risk factors predicting vocal cord impairment, and to develop an algorithm for postoperative management of dysphonic patients.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:This was a retrospective review of 815 consecutive patients undergoing ACSS from January 2000 to January 2009. All cases were performed using a team approach with a neurosurgeon and head and neck surgeon. Factors associated with voice change and vocal cord motion impairment were analyzed.Results:The mean age of the cohort was 53 years (range, 13–88 years), with a male‐to‐female ratio of 1.2. There were 32 of 815 available patients (3.9%) who developed dysphonia following ACSS. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy demonstrated that only nine (1.1%) of these patients had ipsilateral vocal fold motion impairment. Of these nine patients, only one (0.1%) was found to have permanent vocal fold paralysis at 1‐year follow‐up. Factors that correlated significantly with voice change included kyphosis, revision surgery, and level C6‐C7 surgery. Kyphosis was the only independent factor correlating with voice change.Conclusions:ACSS is a safe surgical procedure with a low incidence of postoperative dysphonia when exposure is provided by a head and neck surgeon. Team performance of ACSS appears to reduce laryngeal complications and optimize the management of temporary or permanent postoperative dysphonia.