bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
USP5 Promotes Ripretinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by MDH2 Deubiquition
Authors: Sun Haoyu , Cui Zhiwei , Li Chao , Gao Zhishuang , Xu Jun , Bian Yibo , Gu Tianhao , Zhang Jianan , Li Tengyun , Zhou Qianzheng , Yang Dinghua , He Zhongyuan , Li Bowen , Li Fengyuan , Xu Zekuan , Xu Hao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRipretinib, a broad‐spectrum inhibitor of the KIT and PDGFRA receptor tyrosine kinases, is designated as a fourth‐line treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). It is tailored for patients resistant to imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib. As its increasing use, instances of resistance to ripretinib are becoming more frequent. Unfortunately, there are currently no scientifically mature treatment options available for patients resistant to ripretinib. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as ubiquitination, in conjunction with its interplay with other modifications, play a collective role in regulating tumor initiation and progression. However, the specific association between ubiquitination and ripretinib resistance is not reported. Through proteome–ubiquitinome sequencing, increased levels of the USP5 protein and decreased ubiquitination in ripretinib‐resistant GISTs are detected. Subsequent examination of the mass spectrometry findings validated the interaction through which TRIM21 governs USP5 expression via ubiquitination, and USP5 regulates MDH2 expression through deubiquitination, consequently fostering ripretinib resistance in GIST. Moreover, ZDHHC18 can palmitoylate MDH2, preventing its ubiquitination and further increasing its protein stability. The research underscores the correlation between posttranslational modifications, specifically ubiquitination, and drug resistance, emphasizing the potential of targeting the USP5‐MDH2 axis to counteract ripretinib resistance in GIST.
Ubiquitous Order‐Disorder Transition in the Mn Antisite Sublattice of the (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n Magnetic Topological Insulators
Authors: Sahoo Manaswini , Onuorah Ifeanyi John , Folkers Laura Christina , Kochetkova Ekaterina , Chulkov Evgueni V. , Otrokov Mikhail M. , Aliev Ziya S. , Amiraslanov Imamaddin R. , Wolter Anja U. B. , Büchner Bernd , Corredor Laura Teresa , Wang Chennan , Salman Zaher , Isaeva Anna , De Renzi Roberto , Allodi Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMagnetic topological insulators (TIs) herald a wealth of applications in spin‐based technologies, relying on the novel quantum phenomena provided by their topological properties. Particularly promising is the (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n layered family of established intrinsic magnetic TIs that can flexibly realize various magnetic orders and topological states. High tunability of this material platform is enabled by manganese–pnictogen intermixing, whose amounts and distribution patterns are controlled by synthetic conditions. Here, nuclear magnetic resonance and muon spin spectroscopy, sensitive local probe techniques, are employed to scrutinize the impact of the intermixing on the magnetic properties of (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n and MnSb2Te4. The measurements not only confirm the opposite alignment between the Mn magnetic moments on native sites and antisites in the ground state of MnSb2Te4, but for the first time directly show the same alignment in (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n with n = 0, 1 and 2. Moreover, for all compounds, the static magnetic moment of the Mn antisite sublattice is found to disappear well below the intrinsic magnetic transition temperature, leaving a homogeneous magnetic structure undisturbed by the intermixing. The findings provide a microscopic understanding of the crucial role played by Mn–Bi intermixing in (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n and offer pathways to optimizing the magnetic gap in its surface states.
Concepts and Approaches to Reduce or Avoid Protein Corona Formation on Nanoparticles: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Barz Matthias , Parak Wolfgang J. , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis review describes the formation of a protein corona (or its absence) on different classes of nanoparticles, its basic principles, and its consequences for nanomedicine. For this purpose, it describes general concepts to control (guide/minimize) the interaction between artificial nanoparticles and plasma proteins to reduce protein corona formation. Thereafter, methods for the qualitative or quantitative determination of protein corona formation are presented, as well as the properties of nanoparticle surfaces, which are relevant for protein corona prevention (or formation). Thereby especially the role of grafting density of hydrophilic polymers on the surface of the nanoparticle is discussed to prevent the formation of a protein corona. In this context also the potential of detergents (surfactants) for a temporary modification as well as grafting‐to and grafting‐from approaches for a permanent modification of the surface are discussed. The review concludes by highlighting several promising avenues. This includes (i) the use of nanoparticles without protein corona for active targeting, (ii) the use of synthetic nanoparticles without protein corona formation to address the immune system, (iii) the recollection of nanoparticles with a defined protein corona after in vivo application to sample the blood proteome and (iv) further concepts to reduce protein corona formation.
Sterile Diet Causes Gut Microbiome Collapse of Cancer Patients Post Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, But Normal Diet Recovers Them
Authors: Hong Wenqing , Wu Yun , Sun Zimin , Yang Shu , Cheng Qing , Liu Huilan , Lin Xiaoxing , Ni Renjie , Yao Yuping , Wang Shuijing , Zheng Zihao , Sun Anyi , Xi Chuanwu , Song Liyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThough sterile diet, post‐transplantation surgery is a clinical strategy for patient care to prevent the infiltration of gut pathogens, less is known about its effects on the gut microbiome. Here, the gut microbiome dynamics of leukemia patients following a 120‐day “sterile‐normal” diet strategy posthematopoietic cell transplantation are examined. In contrast to the traditional idea, a sterile diet leads to the lowest gut microbiota diversity (p < 0.05) and short‐chain fatty acids, promoted the proliferation of potential pathogens such as Streptococcus (up by 16.93%) and Lactobacillus (up by 40.30%), and 43.32% reduction in nodes and an 85.33% reduction in edges within the microbial interaction's network. Interestingly, a normal diet allows the gut microbiome recovery and significantly promotes the abundance of beneficial bacteria. These results indicate that a sterile diet leads to a collapse of the patient's gut microbiome and promoted the proliferation of potential pathogens. This assay is a starting point for a more sophisticated assessment of the effects of a sterile diet. The work also suggests a basic principle for the re‐establishment of microbial equilibrium that supplementation of microbial taxa may be the key to the restoration of the degraded ecosystem.
Highly Efficient Ultraviolet Third‐Harmonic Generation in an Isolated Thin Si Meta‐Structure
Authors: Deng Yanhui , Shi Zhonghong , Zheng Yaqin , Zhang Houjiao , Li Haoyang , Li Siyang , Zhou Zhang‐Kai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNonlinear nanophotonic devices have shown great potential for on‐chip information processing, quantum source, 3D microfabrication, greatly promoting the developments of integrated optics, quantum science, nanoscience and technologies, etc. To promote the applications of nonlinear nanodevices, improving the nonlinear efficiency, expanding the spectra region of nonlinear response and reducing device thickness are three key issues. Herein, this study focuses on the nonlinear effect of third‐harmonic generation (THG), and present a thin Si meta‐sructure to improve the THG efficiency in the ultraviolet (UV) region. The measured THG efficiency is up to 10−5 at an emission wavelength of 309 nm. Also, the THG nanosystem is only 100 nm in thickness, which is two–five times thinner than previous all‐dielectric nanosystems applied in THG studies. These findings not only present a powerful thin meta‐structure with highly efficient THG emission in UV region, but also provide a constructive avenue for further understanding the light–matter interactions at subwavelength scales, guiding the design and fabricating of advanced photonic devices in future.
Multifunctional Silicon‐Based Composite Electrolyte Additive Enhances the Stability of the Lithium Metal Anode/Electrolyte Interface
Authors: Wang Sunfa , He Yitao , Zhang Ge , Ma Kanghou , Wang Chen , Zhou Fangshuo , Wang Zhihong , Liu Zhiguo , Lü Zhe , Huang Xiqiang , Zhang Yaohui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe high energy density of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) makes them a promising battery research target. However, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) instability causes dendrite formation/growth and short circuits. Electrolyte engineering can regulate the intrinsic properties of the SEI due to the composition and properties of the SEI strongly depend on the electrolyte component. In this work, 2,4,6,8‐tetramethyl‐2,4,6,8‐tetravinylcyclotetra‐siloxane (V4) is paired with vinyl‐triethoxy‐silane (VTEO) to obtain a novel ester‐based electrolyte additive. Decomposition of V4 molecules into silicon‐based polymer‐rich SEI on the Li metal anode surface has been predicted theoretically and verified experimentally. Through ─CH═CH2 addition polymerization on the preformed silicon‐based polymer layers which originates from the decomposition of V4, VTEO molecules can be integrated into SEI films due to their “molecular bridge” structure. The organic functional group (─OCH2CH3) on VTEO molecules promotes Li+ transport kinetics and forms Si─O─Li bonds under the presence of OH−, improving anode interface stability. The experimental results show that the cycle life of the LFP‐Li full batteries is over 1000 and 500 cycles at 5 C and 10 C, respectively. This research elucidates a reliable strategy for constructing SEI film with high adhesion and long‐term viability on the Li metal anode.
Construction of a Composite Sn‐DLC Artificial Protective Layer with Hierarchical Interfacial Coupling Based on Gradient Coating Technology Toward Robust Anodes for Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Guo Xiuli , Peng Qiaoling , Shin Kyungsoo , Zheng Ye , Tunmee Sarayut , Zou Caineng , Zhou Xiaolong , Tang Yongbing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping a robust zinc (Zn) anode, free from Zn dendrites and unwanted side reactions, relies on designing a durable and efficient interfacial protection layer. In this study, gradient coating technology is employed to construct a hierarchically structured composite of Sn with diamond‐like carbon (DLC/Sn‐DLC) as an artificial protective layer. The DLC framework endows DLC/Sn‐DLC layer with high stability and adaptability, achieving long‐term stability of the anode–electrolyte interface. The gradual‐composite Sn, with its Sn─O─C interface chemical bonds, facilitates rapid charge transfer and offers ample zincophilic sites at the base, promoting uniform Zn2+ reduction reaction and deposition. Additionally, the DLC/Sn‐DLC composite exhibits a “lotus effect” and favorable hydrophobic properties, preventing water‐reduced side reactions. Leveraging this structural design and the synergistic cooperation of DLC and Sn, the DLC/Sn‐DLC@Zn electrode demonstrates remarkable Zn plating/stripping reversibility, eliminating Zn dendrites and side reactions. Notably, under a high current density of 10 mA cm−2, the DLC/Sn‐DLC@Zn anode‐based symmetrical cell exhibits stable operation for over 1550 h, with a low nucleation overpotential of 101 mV. The DLC/Sn‐DLC@Zn||Mn3O4‐CNTs full battery delivers a high capacity of 109.8 mAh cm−2 after 5800 cycles at 2 A g−1, and the pouch cell shows potential for energy storage applications.
Economics of herbicide‐free crop production
Authors: Ziehmann Eileen , Möhring Niklas , Finger Robert 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmbitious pesticide policies aiming to reduce pesticide applications and risks have been introduced across Europe. Herbicides represent a major part of pesticide use, but the uptake of mechanical or agronomic alternatives remains low. We here explore underlying reasons and provide policy insights for supporting a transformation to herbicide‐free production, accounting for both economic and agronomic drivers. We develop detailed extensions to an existing bio‐economic modeling approach and use stochastic dominance analysis to assess the performance of non‐chemical alternatives to herbicides under different production and market conditions exante. We apply our approach to Swiss wheat production and find that herbicide‐free production is not viable without financial support, and thus requires additional per‐hectare agri‐environmental payments and price markups to be economically viable. We find that currently available support payments in Switzerland are sufficient in achieving economic viability of herbicide‐free production. Moreover, we confirm the relevance of risk and risk preferences and identify a risk‐reducing character of herbicide‐free production systems with support payments. Our analysis provides insights on potential drivers, trade‐offs, decision‐making factors, and policies for a transition to non‐chemical weed control.
Super‐Resolution of Histopathological Frozen Sections via Deep Learning Preserving Tissue Structure
Authors: Yoshai Elad , Goldinger Gil , Haifler Miki , Shaked Natan T. 
Published: July 2024

Histopathology plays a pivotal role in medical diagnostics. In contrast to preparing permanent sections for histopathology, a time‐consuming process, preparing frozen sections is significantly faster and can be performed during surgery, where the sample scanning time should be optimized. Super‐resolution techniques allow imaging of histopathalogical samples in lower magnification, thus sparing scanning time. Herein, a new approach is presented to super‐resolution of histopathological frozen sections, with focus on achieving better distortion measures, rather than pursuing photorealistic images that may compromise critical diagnostic information. Our deep‐learning architecture focuses on learning the error between interpolated images and real images; thereby generating high‐resolution images while preserving critical image details, which reduces the risk of diagnostic misinterpretation. This is done by leveraging the loss functions in the frequency domain and assigning higher weights to the reconstruction of complex, high‐frequency components. In comparison with existing methods, significant improvements are obtained in terms of distortion metrics, improving the pathologist's clinical decisions. This approach has a great potential to provide faster frozen‐section imaging, with less scanning, speeding up intraoperative decisions, while preserving the high‐resolution details in the imaged sample.
Enzyme‐Enabled Droplet Biobattery for Powering Synthetic Tissues
Authors: Liu Juan , Qing Yujia , Zhou Linna , Chen Shaomeng , Li Xuefei , Zhang Yujia , Bayley Hagan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnzyme‐enabled biobatteries are promising green options to power the next‐generation of bioelectronics and implantable medical devices. However, existing power sources based on enzymatic biofuel chemistry exhibit limited scale‐down feasibility due to the solid and bulky battery structures. Therefore, miniature and soft alternatives are needed for integration with implants and tissues. Here, a biobattery built from nanolitre droplets, fuelled by the enzyme‐enabled oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, generates electrical outputs and powers ion fluxes in droplet networks. Optimization of the droplet biobattery components ensures a stable output current of ~13,000 pA for over 24 h, representing a more than 600‐fold increase in output over previous approaches, including light‐driven processes. The enzyme‐enabled droplet biobattery opens new avenues in bioelectronics and bioiontronics, exemplified by tasks such as the ability to drive chemical signal transmission in integrated synthetic tissues.
Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenes Through Hydroalkylation of Alkynyl Boronamides
Authors: Yang Langxuan , Lalic Gojko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydroalkylation of alkynes is a powerful method for alkene synthesis. However, regioselectivity has been difficult to achieve in transformations of internal alkynes hindering applications in the synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes. To overcome these limitations, we explored using boryl groups as versatile directing groups that can control the regioselectivity of the hydroalkylation and subsequently be replaced in a cross‐coupling reaction. The result of our exploration is a nickel‐catalyzed hydroalkylation of alkynyl boronamides that provides access to a wide range of trisubstituted alkenes with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. The reaction can be accomplished with a variety of coupling partners, including primary and secondary alkyl iodides, α‐bromo esters, α‐chloro phthalimides, and α‐chloro boronic esters. Preliminary studies of the reaction mechanism provide evidence for the hydrometalation mechanism and the formation of alkyl radical intermediates.
High‐Efficiency Solar Transformation of Sugars via a Heterogenous Gallium(III) Catalyst
Authors: Shi Yujian , Tana Tana , Yang Wenjie , Zhou Ziqi , Yong Zhu Huai , Bissember Alex C. , Huang Jun , Han Pengfei , Sarina Sarina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExtremely limited research exploring the photocatalytic potential of main group metals, such as aluminum, gallium, and tin, has been undertaken due to their weak light harvesting properties. This study reports the efficient transformation of sugars to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with high yield employing an original heterogeneous photocatalyst comprising a gallium(III) complex immobilized on an alumina support. Under visible light irradiation, the reaction rate of HMF formation is ~143 times higher than the equivalent thermal reaction performed in the absence of light. The turnover number (TON) of the heterogeneous gallium(III) photocatalyst was as high as 1500, which was ca. two orders of magnitude higher than the TON of the homogeneous gallium(III) system. It is proposed that photoirradiation significantly enhances the Lewis acidity of the catalyst by forming a semi‐coordination state between gallium(III) and N‐donor ligands, enabling the increased interaction of reactant sugar molecules with gallium(III) active sites. Consistent with this, the photoresponsive coordination of the gallium(III) complex and the abstraction of the hydroxy group by the metal under irradiation with visible light is observed by NMR spectroscopy for the first time. These findings demonstrate that efficient photocatalysts derived from the main group elements can facilitate biomass conversion using visible light.
Halogen Tailoring of Platinum Electrocatalyst with High CO Tolerance for Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Hui Lan , Yan Dengxin , Zhang Xueting , Wu Han , Li Jinze , Li Yuliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe catalytic activity of platinum for CO oxidation depends on the interaction of electron donation and back‐donation at the platinum center. Here we demonstrate that the platinum bromine nanoparticles with electron‐rich properties on bromine bonded with sp‐C in graphdiyne (PtBr NPs/Br‐GDY), which is formed by bromine ligand and constitutes an electrocatalyst with a high CO‐resistant for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The catalyst showed peak mass activity for MOR as high as 10.4 A mgPt−1, which is 20.8 times higher than the 20 % Pt/C. The catalyst also showed robust long‐term stability with slight current density decay after 100 hours at 35 mA cm−2. Structural characterization, experimental, and theoretical studies show that the electron donation from bromine makes the surface of platinum catalysts highly electron‐rich, and can strengthen the adsorption of CO as well as enhance π back‐donation of Pt to weaken the C−O bond to facilitate CO electrooxidation and enhance catalytic performance during MOR. The results highlight the importance of electron‐rich structure among active sites in Pt‐halogen catalysts and provide detailed insights into the new mechanism of CO electrooxidation to overcome CO poisoning at the Pt center on an orbital level.
A Planar‐Structured Dinuclear Cobalt(II) Complex with Indirect Synergy for Photocatalytic CO2‐to‐CO Conversion
Authors: Gong Yun‐Nan , Zhao Si‐Qi , Wang Hong‐Juan , Ge Zhao‐Ming , Liao Chen , Tao Ke‐Ying , Zhong Di‐Chang , Sakai Ken , Lu Tong‐Bu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDinuclear metal synergistic catalysis (DMSC) has been proved an effective approach to enhance catalytic efficiency in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction, while it remains challenge to design dinuclear metal complexes that can show DMSC effect. The main reason is that the influence of the microenvironment around dinuclear metal centres on catalytic activity has not been well recognized and revealed. Herein, we report a dinuclear cobalt complex featuring a planar structure, which displays outstanding catalytic efficiency for photochemical CO2‐to‐CO conversion. The turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) values reach as high as 14457 and 0.40 s−1 respectively, 8.6 times higher than those of the corresponding mononuclear cobalt complex. Control experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that the enhanced catalytic efficiency of the dinuclear cobalt complex is due to the indirect DMSC effect between two CoII ions, energetically feasible one step two‐electron transfer process by Co2I,I intermediate to afford Co2II,II(CO22−) intermediate and fast mass transfer closely related with the planar structure.
Aluminum Alkyl Induced Isomerization of Group IV meso Metallocene Complexes
Authors: Lenz Tim M. , Chiorescu Ion , Napoli Fabrizio E. , Liu Jin Y. , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of group IV metallocene precatalysts for the polymerization of propylene generally yields two different isomers: The racemic isomer that produces isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and the meso isomer that produces atactic polypropylene (aPP). Due to its poor physical properties, aPP has very limited applications. To avoid obtaining blends of both polymers and thus diminish the mechanical and thermal properties of iPP, the meso metallocene complexes need to be separated from the racemic ones tediously—rendering the metallocene‐based polymerization of propylene industrially far less attractive than the Ziegler/Natta process. To overcome this issue, we established an isomerization protocol to convert meso metallocene complexes into their racemic counterparts. This protocol increased the yield of iPP by 400 % while maintaining the polymer's excellent physical properties and was applicable to both hafnocene and zirconocene complexes, as well as different precatalyst activation methods. Through targeted variation of the ligand frameworks, methoxy groups at the indenyl moieties were found to be the structural motifs responsible for an isomerization to take place—this experimental evidence was confirmed by density functional theory calculations. Liquid injection field desorption ionization mass spectrometry, as well as 1H and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance studies, allowed the proposal of an isomerization mechanism.