bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Malnutrition on Development of Experimental Pressure Sores
Authors: Takeda Toshiaki , Koyama Tamotsu , Izawa Yoshihiro , Makita Tokutaro , Nakamura Nobuo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUsing food‐deprived rabbits we investigated the effects of nutritional deficiency on the development of pressure sores. The body weight of these animals was decreased significantly from normal. Organ weights of liver, heart, spleen, kidney, and testis were significantly decreased from normal as well. Protein deficiency in these animals was indicated by serum tests, as well as by histologic features of liver and testis and ultrastructural findings on fibroblasts. We produced lesions in malnourished as well as normal rabbits by exposing their skin to a balloon‐produced compressive force of 120 ± 10 mmHg for 4 hours. Biopsies were taken 1, 2, and 3 days after the pressure application. Histologic findings at each time were as follows: At day one, the degree of ischemic skin destruction in the malnourished animals was more severe than that in the normal ones, and thrombi were occasionally seen in the malnourished cases. At day two, proliferation of fibroblasts and macrophage infiltration were evidenced in the normal animals, whereas signs of collagen fiber degeneration as well as microthrombi were seen in the malnourished ones. At three days, epidermal cells covered the lesions in the case of normal animals; however, massive necrosis of the epidermis was still recognized in the malnourished rabbits. Thus, the healing process of pressure sores was strongly suppressed in the malnourished animals. This suppression was attributed to the reduction in fibroblast proliferation, capillary formation, macrophage infiltration, and also to the low level of epidermal cell proliferation.
Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis and IgA Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Bölcskei Lajos , Husz Sándor , Hunyadi János , Varga Gyula , Dobozy Attila 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA case of subcorneal pustular dermatosis associated with IgA multiple myeloma is described. The significance of the combination of the two diseases is not yet known, but the association is certainly more than coincidence.
Growth Factors and Chronic Wounds: The Need to Understand the Microenvironment
Authors: Falanga Vincent 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe care of chronic wounds has become a major health issue in developed countries because of their increasingly elderly populations. There is hope that progress made in understanding and producing growth factors will lead to their successful use to induce faster and better healing of chronic wounds. This report will discuss growth factors in the context of their use in chronic wounds, and will focus on the importance of the wound microenvironment in determining the interactions between growth factors and wounds. We believe that a greater understanding of the chronic wound microenvironment will be of benefit in the optimal use of growth factors. In published studies, we have found that wound fluid taken from acute wounds stimulates fibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation, whereas fluid obtained from chronic non‐healing wounds inhibits the growth of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. In this report, we describe the effect of these two types of wound fluid on the synthesis of extracellular matrix components. We hypothesize that the chronic wound microenvironment is generally non‐conducive to cell growth, and that this may prevent a truly successful use of topical growth factors in chronic wounds. Novel approaches in the delivery of growth factors to wounds may be necessary to overcome these obstacles.
The Role of Growth Factor in Wound Healing
Authors: Higashiyama Mari , Hashimoto Koji , Takada Akiyoshi , Fujita Kazuhiko , Kido Katsunobu , Yoshikawa Kunihiko 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA pig wound healing model was developed to study the morphological processes involved in incisional and excisional wound healing, the immunohistochemical localization of TGF‐α in wound healing, and the latter's relevance. In incisional wounds, a few layers of epidermis were regenerated after only 32 hours. In contrast, several layers of epidermis were regenerated on day 7 in excisional wounds. In general, the incisional wound model is useful for evaluating tensile strength, while the excisional wound model is suitable for evaluating epidermal regeneration.Immunohistochemical study showed that keratinocytes migrating from wound edges expressed TGF‐α very faintly, while TGF‐α was present prominently in the upper several layers of the epidermis adjacent to the wound, which resembled normal epidermis and showed no changes during the wound healing process.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Recent Clinical and Photobiological Aspects
Authors: Kondo Seiji , Fukuro Shuhei , Nishioka Kiyoshi , Satoh Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn Japan, more than 400 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) have been registered. The major groups are XP‐A and variant, while clinically mild types of XP with intermediate levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) have recently been increasing. The classical type of XP‐A and some of the XP‐D patients exhibit neurologic abnormalities. XP individuals display a marked increase in the frequency of skin malignancy. Development of skin malignancies appears to be related to the level of DNA repair capacity; the lower the capacity, the earlier and more frequently the skin tumors develop. Furthermore, the incidence of internal malignancy in XP patients is at least ten times higher than that for the Japanese general population over the age of 40 years. Cultured fibroblasts from XP patients exhibit higher sensitivity not only to UVC but also to UVB. The cellular sensitivity to UVB may correlate to photosensitivity in vivo from a study on a group E patient who showed age‐related changes in photosensitivity and cellular sensitivity to UVB. We have also reviewed current status of molecular genetics in XP.
Proteins of the Cornified Envelope
Authors: Hosokawa Kayo , Hosokawa Hiroshi , Futamura Shozo , Baden Howard P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe cornified envelope of keratinocytes is an insoluble structure formed beneath the plasma membrane at the base of the stratum corneum. It is made by cross‐linking precursor proteins by a membrane‐associated transglutaminase. Using the cornified envelope of cultured human keratinocytes as the immunogen, we obtained a number of monoclonal antibodies which stained epidermis in a variety of ways. The peripheral staining pattern has been associated with several envelope precursors and this has been confirmed by western blots. A mouse IgM monoclonal antibody directed against epidermal basal cell hemidesmosomes was also discovered. By immunofluorescence, the monoclonal antibody produced a strong linear staining of the basement membrane zone and a polar cap on trypsin‐dissociated epidermal basal cells. By immunoelectron microscopy, immunoreactants were present in the attachment plaques of hemidesmosomes on guinea pig esophagus. However, no protein reactive with the antibody was detected. This study suggests that an antigen associated with the basal cell hemidesmosomes may be incorporated in the cornified envelope.
The Cornified Cell Envelope: Loricrin and Transglutaminases
Authors: Yoneda Kozo , McBride O. Wesley , Korge Bernhard P. , Kim In‐Gyu , Steinert Peter M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe cornified cell envelope (CE) of terminally differentiated human epidermis is a complex structure consisting of several defined protein constituents. The CE is the most insoluble component of the epidermis due to crosslinking by disulfide bonds as well as isodipeptide bonds that are formed by the action of transglutaminases (TGases). We have recently determined that loricrin is the major component of CE. We now have isolated and characterized its gene and showed that it has a simple structure with a single intron. We also show that the loricrin gene maps to position 1q21, which, coincidentally, is similar to the location of the profilaggrin and involucrin genes. Human loricrin in 26 kDa and consists of three long glycine‐serine‐cysteine rich sequence domains that contain quasi‐repeating peptides and which form the novel glycine loop motif. These are interspersed by lysine + glutamine rich domains involved in isodipeptide crosslinks. The glycine loops are thought to be involved in organization of epidermal proteins and maintenance of the flexibility of the epidermis. By use of PCR analyses, we have found that human loricrin consists of two allelic size variants, due to sequence variations in the second glycine loop domain only, and these variants segregate in the human population by normal Mendelian mechanisms. Futhermore, there are multiple sequence variants within these two size class alleles due to various deletions of 12 bp (4 amino acids) in the major loop of this glycine loop domain. In order to study the expression and role of TGases in the formation of CE, we have isolated and sequenced cDNA and genomic clones encoding the TGasel enzyme. The deduced complete sequence has 816 amino acid residues of 90 kDa. It shares 49–53% sequence homology with the other TGases of known sequence but has unique sequences in its amino‐ and carboxyltermini. The TGM1 gene has been isolated and characterized. It is 14.1 kbp long, contains 15 exons and is similar in structure to other TGase genes. It was located to chromosome position 14q11. It will now be possible to further study the regulation of the expression of the loricrin and TGase1 gene systems in normal and abnormally keratinizing epidermis.
Evidence of Differentiated Keratin Peptide (K1) in Cultured Human Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Demonstration of Generality by Three Different Approaches
Authors: Katagata Yohtaro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe largest keratin peptide (K1, 68KD) has not been detectable in cultured human squamous cell carcinomas. However, quite recently, the K1 peptide was clarified to be present in two kinds of cultured HSC by using a low salt aqueous solution, rather than the high salt and Triton X‐100 employed by many previous researchers (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 182, 1440–1445, 1992). To determine whether this phenomenon is common or not in cultured HSCs, I further demonstrated the K1 peptide by extracting it with two different buffers and by 2D‐PAGE, immunological techniques, and Northern blot analysis, using another kind of HSC.Until now, keratin extraction has been done using high salt/Triton X‐100 solution, during which K1 peptide may be removed because it has developed an affinity with the buffer. Many investigators may have therefore overlooked it.
Inactivation of Keratin Genes by Gene Targeting: A Perspective
Authors: Oshima Robert G. , Baribault Hélène 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRecent technological advances in experimental molecular genetics have provided an opportunity for determining the function of any gene including those which are important in different epithelia. This report summarizes some recent results of experiments utilizing gene targeting technology to determine the function of intermediate filaments and emphasizes both the problems and the potential of applying this technology to problems in dermatology.
Dysregulated Expression of Cellular Adhesion Molecules in Autoimmune‐prone Mice
Authors: Wang Weila , Kobayashi Seiichi , Uede Toshimitsu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe expression of various cell adhesion molecules on lymphocytes and endothelial cells was examined. The strong expression of CD44 antigen on abnormal double negative T cells of lymph nodes was characteristic in MRL‐lpr mice. The accumulation of abnormal double negative T cells in swelling lymph nodes was also predominant in MRL‐lpr mice; this may result from augmented binding of lymphocytes to endothelial cell surfaces of lymph nodes, possibly due to the failure of Mel‐14 antigen shedding from abnormal lymphocyte cell surface. The expression of VCAM‐1 antigen was detected in endothelial cell surface of lymph nodes in MRL‐lpr mice, which also explains the accumulation of lymphocytes in lymph nodes. However, the expression of VLA‐4 antigen on lymphocytes which interact with VCAM‐1 on endothelial cells was not significantly different between MRL‐lpr and MRL‐+ mice.
Actin Organization and Cell Migration of Melanoma Cells Relate to Differential Expression of Integrins and Actin‐associated Proteins
Authors: Byers Hugh Randolph , Etoh† Takafumi , Vink Jacqueline , Franklin Nancy , Gattoni‐Celli Sebastiano , Mihm Martin C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe have recently described marked differences in cell migration rates and organization of actin in human melanoma cell lines isolated from various stages of tumor progression. Metastatic lines derived from lymph node metastases organized actin into stress fiber arrays and had high mean migration rates in vitro when compared to lines from other stages. Melanoma cells also reveal marked differences in localization of alpha‐actinin and β1 integrins at stress fiber termination sites (focal contacts). Disruption of this organization is induced by antibodies against β1 integrins. α‐actinin, recently postulated as having a role in linkage of actin to β1 integrins, is differentially expressed in melanoma cells by Northern blot analysis and a relatively high α‐actinin to actin ratio is associated with stress fiber formation and increased cell migration. Furthermore, actin‐binding protein, which cross‐links actin filaments, is also significantly increased in lines exhibiting high migration rates.Control of migration and actin organization may be mediated by extracellular matrices and/or modulation of actin‐associated proteins including α‐actinin and actin binding protein. These findings provide evidence that an interaction of transmembrane adhesion molecules and elements of the cytoskeleton in melanoma cells may be responsible for differences in migration rates and capacity for metastatis
Aspects in Neurofibromatosis from the Viewpoint of Dermatology
Authors: Niimura Michihito 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe neurofibromatoses are a heterogenous set of conditions having clinical manifestations such as skin, nervous system, bone and eye disorders. The clinical pictures of the patients will obviously differ, and there is considerable variation of manifestations even within a family. During the last twenty‐five years, one thousand and two hundred patients with neurofibromatosis were personally examined. Almost all our patients had classical von Recklinghausen disease. But in addition to these cases, there are 28 cases of NF‐2 and 10 patients which we call multiple neurilemmomatosis. Also, there are related groups of patients with conditions which were not neurofibromatosis, such as 40 cases of localized multiple neurofibromas and 61 cases of localized café‐au‐lait spots.The features of neurofibromatosis in Japan are not different, compared with foreign countries, except increased pigmentation is more common. In addition to café‐au‐lait spots, some 20% of Japanese neurofibromatosis patients have pigmentary conditions which I termed hairy fuscoceruleus spots. These spots are blue‐brown in colour, and one can see coarse hairs in them.Our recent study indicates that the patients with neurilemmomatosis have loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 22, the same position as the site of patients with NF‐2. Neurilemmomatosis may be classified as an NF‐2 without acoustic tumors.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Genetic Aspects
Authors: Northrup Hope 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMuch has been learned about tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) since it was described at the end of the nineteenth century. TSC was recognized to be a genetic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance in the early twentieth century. The prevalence in the general population is at least 1 in 10,000 with two‐thirds of cases occurring sporadically and one‐third of cases being familial. The disease exhibits variable expression which may cause mildly affected individuals to be undiagnosed. Because the aberrant or missing proteins which result in TSC have eluded investigators, a positional cloning approach has been pursued to find the mutated genes. Genetic linkages have been reported to chromosomes 9, 11, and 12. There is definite evidence for a TSC‐causing locus on chromosome 9 which is thought to account for between one‐third and one‐half of all familial cases. Investigators have narrowed the location on chromosome 9 to approximately two megabases of physical distance. There is some evidence for a locus on chromosome 11 which probably accounts only for a small percentage of familial cases. The locus proposed on chromosome 12 was reported by a single group and has not been confirmed by other research groups. Evidence for genetic heterogeneity is abundant. There is definitely a TSC‐causing locus on chromosome 9q (TSC‐1) and there is at least one additional locus, maybe more than one. As the molecular basis of TSC unfolds, new insight will be gained about the protean nature of the disorder and the genetic heterogeneity.
Significance of Antibodies to Phenolic Glycolipid‐I in Leprosy Diagnosis
Authors: Prakash Kunti , Aggarwal Ravindra , Sehgal Virendra N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA gelatin particle agglutination assay for the detection of anti PGL‐I antibodies in 40 clinically diagnosed and variously classified groups of leprosy cases revealed elevated PGL‐I antibody titers in 85% of cases. In contrast, the slit‐skin smear examination was positive in only 30% of cases. It was further observed that, out of 28 cases with Bacteriological Index (B.I.) zero, 22 cases (78.5%) had significant levels of PGL‐I antibodies. There was no case in which the slit skin smear was positive and the PGL‐I antibody titer was not significant. The elevated titers of PGL‐I antibody better correlated (84%) with histopathological findings than did B.I. Thus it was concluded that estimation of PGL‐I antibody titer is a better supplement to clinical diagnosis than B.I.Significant levels of PGL‐I antibody were seen in 85% of cases who had no earlier chemotherapy or were treated for less than 2 months. Similar findings were observed in 12 patients who were on MDT for more than 5 months but for less than 2 years. In order to determine the significance of anti PGL‐I antibodies in monitoring the response of patients to chemotherapy, a longer follow up with a greater number of cases should be contemplated.
Influence of Oral Metronidazole on the Endocrine Milieu and Sebum Excretion Rate
Authors: Aizawa Hiroshi , Niimura Michihito , Kon Yukiko 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAs part of a study of the mechanism of metronidazol's efficacy in the treatment of acne and rosacea, its effects on the endocrine milieu and sebum excretion rate were assessed. Thirteen healthy males received oral metronidazole treatment (500 mg/day) for 4 weeks.Serum sex hormone levels were determined in all 13 subjects and the sebum excretion rate was determined in seven of them, before and after treatment. We measured serum levels of estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), total testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S), and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG). There were no significant changes in E1, T, FT, DHT, or SHBG levels, but E2 and DHEA‐S levels decreased significantly after treatment. In all seven subjects in whom the sebum excretion rates were determined, the amount of facial skin surface lipids decreased significantly after treatment.These results suggest that metronidazole exerts its clinical effects through suppressing the sebum excretion by a mechanism other than anti‐androgenic action.
Perforating Dermatoses: A Review and Report of Four Cases
Authors: Sehgal Virendra N. , Jain Sanjiv , Thappa Devinder M. , Bhattacharya Sambit N. , Logani Kulbhushan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPerforating dermatoses, an often overlooked entity comprised of Kyrle's disease, perforating folliculitis, reactive perforating collagenosis, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, and acquired perforating dermatosis, are succinctly described, focusing attention on their clinical features, histopathology, treatment, and pathogenesis. The literature on these facets has been extensively reviewed. In addition, three fresh cases of Kyrle's and one of perforating folliculitis have been incorporated to illustrate these conditions.
Significance of Elevated Serum Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)‐Related Antigen and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Levels in Senile Erythroderma Following Eczema
Authors: Tsukahara Tetsuya , Otoyama Kazunobu , Horiuchi Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractClinical and laboratory tests were used to evaluate fourteen patients with senile erythroderma following eczema, and the results were compared with those from four patients with psoriatic erythroderma, two with Sézary syndrome, and twelve with prurigo chronica multiformis or nummular dermatitis. Characteristic laboratory findings included elevated serum squamous cell carcinoma‐related antigens (SCC‐RAg), high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), peripheral‐blood eosinophilia, and a decreased peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage. Following treatment, titers of SCC‐RAg and LDH resumed normal levels with remission. In patients with senile erythroderma following eczema, serum IgE was quite high and varied but, in a few instances, was within the normal range. SCC‐RAg and LDH may thus be considered useful as markers for evaluating disease conditions of the skin of patients with senile erythroderma following eczema.
Double Cross Lip Flaps for Reconstruction of the Lower Lip
Authors: Yoshida Tetsunori , Sugihara Tsuneki , Ohura Takehiko , Minakawa Hidehiko , Igawa Hiroharu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip is a common tumor. Of the many methods available for reconstructing lower lip defects after radical excision, we found double cross lip flaps from each lateral side of the upper lip philtrum rotated into the defect of the lower lip to be an effective method, not only functionally but also cosmetically. The main reason why satisfactory results were obtained by this procedure is that the anatomical structure (skin‐orbicularis oris muscle‐mucosa, vermilion) of the upper lip is very similar to that of the lower lip. Our experience is with double cross lip operations in the management of lower lip cancers are described.
Congenital Giant Pigmented Nevus Associated with Angiolipoma
Authors: Won Jin Hyoung , Ahn Sung Ku , Lee Seung Hun , Kim Soo‐Chan , Choi Soo Im 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report a 20‐year‐old‐Korean woman with a congenital giant pigmented nevus and angiolipoma. She was admitted our department with a large, dark, pigmented lesion on the right flank and abdomen and a slowly growing mass on the right flank area since birth. On biopsy, the specimen taken from the giant pigmented patch showed typical findings of compound nevus. The right flank mass was surgically removed. The specimen was composed of mature fat cells with an increased vascular component. These findings are compatible with angiolipoma.