bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical and endovascular treatment of hepatic arterial complications following liver transplant
Authors: Chen Jun , Weinstein Jeffrey , Black Sylvester , Spain James , Brady Paul S. , Dowell Joshua D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractVascular complications after liver transplantation increase post‐operative morbidity and contribute to the incidence of retransplantation. Vascular complications comprise arterial, caval, and portal venous pathology, with the majority of complications being arterial in etiology, including anastomotic stricture, pseudoaneurysm, and thrombosis. There are two major therapeutic options for the treatment of these arterial complications: endovascular intervention and surgery. The former includes intra‐arterial thrombolysis, embolization, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and stent placement. The latter includes thrombectomy, reanastomosis, and retransplantation. Although surgical treatment has been considered the first choice for management in the past, advances in endovascular intervention have increased and make it a viable therapeutic option following orthotopic liver transplantation. This review focuses on the role of surgical and endovascular therapy in the management of hepatic arterial complications after liver transplantation.
Generational changes in tobacco use by young women: A cross‐generational analysis of mother–daughter dyads
Authors: Betts Kim S. , Williams Gail M. , Najman Jakob M. , Alati Rosa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsCross‐generational evidence is needed to confirm the decline in young female smoking and to identify factors that impede cessation despite two decades of government intervention.Design and MethodsData are from theMaterUniversityStudy ofPregnancy, a cross‐generational pre‐birth cohort study beginning in 1981 inAustralia. The sample comprised of 993 mother–daughter dyads, for which mothers were aged 18 ≤ 25 at the baseline measurement and their daughters were between the same ages when assessed 21 years later. We used multinomial logistic regression for clustered data to assess associations between four levels of cross‐generationally measured mothers and daughters smoking in early adulthood, and assessed the role of education and depressive symptoms.ResultsThe rate of smoking had declined substantially in the daughters' generation, with mothers having 5.77 (95% confidence interval 4.24, 8.09) and 2.04 (95% confidence interval 1.60, 2.64) times the odds of smoking at heavy and moderate levels, respectively. Smoking across the two cohorts was found to interact with education and depressive symptoms, such that daughters who did not complete secondary school or who had depressive symptoms were at greater risk of smoking than their mothers were 20 years earlier.Discussion and ConclusionsOver two generations of mothers and daughters, smoking prevalence and smoking intensity has declined, largely in line with findings from national surveys. The remaining smoking has concentrated heavily among those who did not complete secondary education, and there is evidence that increases in light smoking among the daughters may be related to depression.[Betts KS, Williams GM, Najman JM, Alati R. Generational changes in tobacco use by young women: A cross‐generational analysis of mother‐daughter dyads.Drug Alcohol Rev2014;33:540ߝ547]
The prevalence of smoking and interest in quitting among surgical patients with acute extremity fractures
Authors: Neptune DeWayne , Bonevski Billie , Enninghorst Natalie , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsWe studied the prevalence of smoking, the effect of hospital stay on motivation to quit and the exposure to smoking cessation advice in orthopaedic patients who required surgical intervention for acute extremity fractures.Design and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved a self‐administered pen‐and‐paper survey assessing smoking status, interest and motivation to quit smoking, and current advice to quit among a consecutive cohort of patients aged 18–65 years old with acute extremity fractures. These patients were admitted to the John Hunter Hospital Level 1 trauma facility in New South Wales, Australia, for surgical intervention over a three month period.ResultsA total of 183 patients (response rate 98%) completed the survey. Sixty‐eight patients (37.2%) reported a current smoking habit. The prevalence of smoking was 42.2% among males and 25.5% among females. A total of 40% of smokers reported that they had not received advice to quit from medical staff during hospital admission. Prior to admission, 12.1% of smokers were interested in smoking cessation; this percentage increased to 26.8% post‐admission.Discussion and ConclusionsThe prevalence of smoking among surgical patients with extremity fractures was found to be more than twice the prevalence of the population of New South Wales. Hospital admission had a positive impact on the patient's interest in smoking cessation. Our study suggests that the identification of orthopaedic patients who smoke is suboptimal, and the opportunity to encourage smoking cessation during hospital admission is currently being overlooked. [Neptune DW, Bonevski B, Enninghorst N, Balogh ZJ. The prevalence of smoking and interest in quitting among surgical patients with acute extremity fractures. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:548–554]
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib reduced cholesterol accumulation in fibroblasts from Niemann–Pick type C patients carrying missense mutations
Authors: Macías‐Vidal Judit , Girós Marisa , Guerrero Martina , Gascón Pere , Serratosa Joan , Bachs Oriol , Coll Maria Josep 
Published: August 2014

Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) is a lipid storage disorder mainly caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene. Approximately 60% of these mutations are missense changes that may induce reduced NPC1 protein levels by increased degradation via ubiquitin–proteasome. This is the case for the most prevalent worldwide mutation, p.Ile1061Thr, as well as for other three missense changes. In the present study, we analyzed the NPC1 levels in fibroblasts from eighteen NPC patients presenting missense mutations. We found that fourteen of these cells lines showed decreased levels of NPC1. Six of these cell lines were homozygous, whereas the other eight were associated with a frame shifting mutation. We focused our attention in the NPC homozygous samples and demonstrated that, in most of the cases, NPC1 reduction was a consequence of a decrease of its half‐life. NPC cells were treated not only with the proteasome inhibitors carbobenzoxy‐l‐leucyl‐l‐leucyl‐l‐leucinal or N‐acetyl‐leucyl‐leucyl‐norleucinal, both widely used as a research tools, but also with bortezomib, the first proteasome inhibitor to reach clinical applications, although it has never been used in NPC disease. We observed that, after treatment, the mutant NPC1 protein levels were partially recovered in most of the cell lines. Importantly, these mutant proteins partially recovered their activity and substantially reduced free cholesterol levels. These results suggest that by enhancing the NPC1 protein stability with the use of proteasome inhibitors, their functionality might be recovered and this might represent a therapeutical approach for future treatments of NPC disease resulting from specific missense mutations.DatabaseNucleotide and protein sequence data are available in the Genbank database under the accession numbers NM_000271.3 and NP_000262.1, respectively. Functional protein information is available in the UniProt protein database under the accession number O15118.
Advances in classification, basic mechanisms and clinical science in ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Robinson P. C. , Benham H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe field of spondyloarthritis (SpA) has seen huge advances over the past 5 years. The classification of axial disease has been redefined by the axial SpA criteria that incorporate disease captured before radiographic damage is evident as well as established erosive sacroiliac joint disease. Our knowledge of genetics and basic immunological pathways has progressed significantly. In addition, revolutionary progress has been achieved with the availability of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors for treating patients with moderate to severe disease. In parallel, several of novel biomarkers have been identified that show significant promise for the future. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging have helped define positive disease. We have identified that T1 and short tau inversion recovery sequences are best for the diagnosis of axial SpA, and gadolinium contrast is not additive for diagnosis. Progress has been made in identifying potential agents and strategies that reduce radiographic progression. Several referral strategies aimed at appropriate identification of patients have been trialled and found to be effective. There is still substantial work ahead, but the advances of the last 5 years have made a huge and tangible difference at the clinical coalface, and we suggest that this trend will continue.
Scrotal reconstruction using a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap following Fournier's gangrene
Authors: Han Hyun H , Lee Jung H , Kim Sue M , Jun Young J , Kim Young J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFournier's gangrene is a type of necrotising fasciitis around the scrotum and perineum. Because of its aggressive nature, patients should be treated with broad‐spectrum antibiotics and emergency, radical debridement during the acute phase. After recovering from the acute phase, reconstruction of the scrotal and perineal soft tissue defects is needed and is often challenging. Traditionally, various reconstruction methods have been used, including skin grafts, fasciocutaneous flaps and musculocutaneous flaps, each with its pros and cons. We successfully covered a wide scrotal defect using a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap, which has not been previously reported for this indication. The design and operative technique are introduced in this study.
A meta‐ethnography of the acculturation and socialization experiences of migrant care workers
Authors: Ho Ken H.M. , Chiang Vico C.L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo report a meta‐ethnography of qualitative research studies exploring the acculturation and socialization experiences of migrant care workers.BackgroundMigrant care workers are increasingly participating in health and social care in developed countries. There is a need to understand this increasingly socioculturally diversified workforce.Data sourcesA comprehensive search through 12 databases and a manual search of journals related to transculture for studies on socialization and acculturation experiences (published 1993–2013) was completed. The inclusion criteria were peer‐reviewed studies on the acculturation or socialization experiences of migrant care workers published in English in any country, using a qualitative or mixed‐methods approach.Design and Review methodsThis meta‐ethnography employed the seven‐phase Noblit and Hare method with reciprocal translation, refutational synthesis and lines‐of‐argument to synthesize qualitative studies.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (a) schema for the migration dream: optimism; (b) the reality of the migration dream: so close, yet so far; and (c) resilience: from chaos to order. A general framework of motivated psychosocial and behavioural adaptation was proposed. This meta‐ethnography also revealed the vulnerabilities of migrant nurses in the process of acculturation and socialization.ConclusionsThe general framework of behavioural and psychosocial adaptation revealed factors that impede and facilitate behavioural and psychosocial changes. Strategies to enrich external and internal resources should be targeted at encouraging multiculturalism and at improving the psychosocial resources of migrant care workers. It is suggested that research investigating the prominence of nursing vulnerabilities be conducted.
Carbon Nanotube Facilitation of Myocardial Ablation with Radiofrequency Energy
Authors: NGUYEN DUY T. , BARHAM WASEEM , ZHENG LIJUN , SHILLINGLAW BENJAMIN , TZOU WENDY S. , NELTNER BONNIE , MESTRONI LUISA , BOSI SUSANNA , BALLERINI LAURA , PRATO MAURIZIO , SAUER WILLIAM H. 
Published: August 2014

Carbon Nanotube Facilitation of Myocardial AblationBackgroundThe use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in oncology has been proposed for the purpose of sensitizing tumors to radiofrequency (RF) ablation. We hypothesize that myocardial tissue infiltrated with CNTs will improve thermal conductivity of RF heating and lead to altered ablation lesion characteristics.MethodsAn ex vivo model consisting of viable bovine myocardium, a circulating saline bath at 37 °C, a submersible load cell, and a deflectable sheath was assembled. A 4‐mm nonirrigated ablation catheter was positioned with 10 gm of force over bovine myocardium infiltrated with CNTs, 0.9% saline, or sham injections. A series of ablation lesions were delivered at 20 and 50 W, and lesion volumes were acquired by analyzing tissue sections with a digital micrometer. Tissue temperature analyses at 3 and 5 mm depths were also performed.ResultsMyocardial tissue treated with CNTs resulted in significantly larger lesions at both low and high power settings. The electrical impedance was increased in CNT treated tissue with a greater impedance change observed in the CNT infiltrated myocardium. The thermal conductivity of heat generated by application of RF in the tissue was altered by the presence of CNTs, resulting in higher temperatures at 3 and 5 mm depths for both 20 and 50 W.ConclusionsMyocardial tissue treated with CNTs resulted in significantly larger lesions at both low and high power settings. The electrical and thermal conductivity of heat generated by application of RF in myocardial tissue was altered by the presence of CNTs. Further research is needed to assess the in vivo applicability for this concept of facilitated ablation with CNTs.
‘European Elections are Second‐Order Elections’: Is Received Wisdom Changing?
Authors: Corbett Richard 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIs it still right to classify European elections as ‘second‐order elections’? There are some reasons used to justify such a classification that are changing or evolving, while others are not. A neat and tidy first‐/second‐order division may not be appropriate. But is the ‘lead candidate’ (Spitzenkandidat) development one of the reasons to re‐evaluate? In most Member States, it had little impact on the election campaign and, at the time of writing, the effect on the final choice of Commission President is not definitively settled, but it looks as though it has changed the expectations of many politicians involved in that choice. Its longer term evolution remains to be seen and could well become more important for political actors, but the jury is still out as to how far this might eventually impact on the wider public.
Perceptions of hospital manual handling policy and impact on nursing team involvement in promoting patients’ mobility
Authors: Kneafsey Rosie , Clifford Collette , Greenfield Sheila 
Published: August 2014

Aims and objectivesTo report the findings gained from interviews with hospital nurses and care assistants, regarding the impact of hospital manual handling policies on their role in maintaining and promoting patients’ mobility.BackgroundOlder hospitalised adults often experience deteriorations in mobility, which are often partially caused by protective or custodial care practice and environments that promote patient dependency. Hospital‐induced mobility loss may be conceptualised as a problematic source of iatrogenic patient harm, worthy of attention from a patient safety standpoint. Preventative rehabilitation nursing interventions have the potential to prevent mobility loss.DesignGrounded theory study.MethodsData were collected in three clinical settings: general rehabilitation, spinal injuries and stroke rehabilitation. Semi‐structured interviews with 39 rehabilitation staff were completed.ResultsPerceptions of hospital manual handling policy were described via four subcategories: policy as stimulus to improved practice; policy as divorced from reality; policy as threat; and policy as hindrance to rehabilitation.ConclusionsHospital manual handling policy was perceived negatively by some nursing team members both as a threat and as a barrier to patients’ rehabilitation. Risk aversion, divided teamwork practices and overuse of patient handling equipment were matters of concern.Relevance to clinical practicePerceptions of hospital manual handling policy should be openly discussed by nursing managers and direct care providers. It is important to recognise that beliefs about and perceptions of policy will often impact later on staff practices and behaviours. Unintended consequences arising from dominant interpretations of manual handling policy must be acknowledged and risks identified. It is important that practitioners balance risk assessment and prevention of falls with patients’ needs for mobilisation.
Getting the Gold Out of the Ground: Social Constraints on Technical Capacity in South African Deep‐Level Mining
Authors: Moodie T. Dunbar 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the limits and pressures imposed on South African deep‐level mining technology by changing economic and socio‐political constraints that have obliged mining engineers to adapt their practices of “getting gold out of the ground.” Initially employing straight‐forward arguments about the importance of means for achieving ends, the paper eventually raises questions that complicate our understanding of practices that underlie simple conceptions of mining technology.
Differentiation between inflammatory and neoplastic orbital conditions based on computed tomographic signs
Authors: Lederer Kristina , Ludewig Eberhard , Hechinger Harald , Parry Andrew T. , Lamb Christopher R. , Kneissl Sibylle 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo identify computed tomographic (CT) signs that could be used to differentiate inflammatory from neoplastic orbital conditions in small animals.Animal studiedFifty‐two animals (25 cats, 21 dogs, 4 rabbits, and 2 rodents).ProcedureCase–control study in whichCTimages of animals with histopathologic diagnosis of inflammatory (n = 11), neoplastic orbital conditions (n = 31), or normal control animals (n = 10) were reviewed independently by five observers without the knowledge of the history or diagnosis. Observers recorded their observations regarding specific anatomical structures within the orbit using an itemized form containing the following characteristics: definitely normal; probably normal; equivocal; probably abnormal; and definitely abnormal. Results were statistically analyzed usingFleiss' kappa and logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe overall level of agreement between observers about the presence or absence of abnormalCTsigns in animals with orbital disease was poor to moderate, but was highest for observations concerning orbital bones (κ = 0.62) and involvement of the posterior segment (κ = 0.52). Significant associations between abnormalities and diagnosis were found for four structures: Abnormalities affecting orbital bones (odds ratio [OR], 1.7) and anterior ocular structures (OR, 1.5) were predictive of neoplasia, while abnormalities affecting extraconal fat (OR, 1.7) and skin (OR, 1.4) were predictive of inflammatory conditions.ConclusionsOrbitalCTis an imaging test with high specificity. Fat stranding, aCTsign not previously emphasized in veterinary medicine, was significantly associated with inflammatory conditions. Low observer agreement probably reflects the limited resolution ofCTfor small orbital structures.
What factors contribute to hospital variation in obstetric transfusion rates?
Authors: Patterson J. A. , Roberts C. L. , Isbister J. P. , Irving D. O. , Nicholl M. C. , Morris J. M. , Ford J. B. 
Published: August 2014

Background and ObjectivesTo explore variation in red blood cell transfusion rates between hospitals, and the extent to which this can be explained. A secondary objective was to assess whether hospital transfusion rates are associated with maternal morbidity.Materials and MethodsLinked hospital discharge and birth data were used to identify births (n = 279 145) in hospitals with at least 10 deliveries per annum between 2008 and 2010 in New South Wales, Australia. To investigate transfusion rates, a series of random‐effects multilevel logistic regression models were fitted, progressively adjusting for maternal, obstetric and hospital factors. Correlations between hospital transfusion and maternal, neonatal morbidity and readmission rates were assessed.ResultsOverall, the transfusion rate was 1·4% (hospital range 0·6–2·9) across 89 hospitals. Adjusting for maternal casemix reduced the variation between hospitals by 26%. Adjustment for obstetric interventions further reduced variation by 8% and a further 39% after adjustment for hospital type (range 1·1–2·0%). At a hospital level, high transfusion rates were moderately correlated with maternal morbidity (0·59, P = 0·01), but not with low Apgar scores (0·39, P = 0·08), or readmission rates (0·18, P = 0·29).ConclusionBoth casemix and practice differences contributed to the variation in transfusion rates between hospitals. The relationship between outcomes and transfusion rates was variable; however, low transfusion rates were not associated with worse outcomes.
Modelling the effects of herbicide dose and weed density on rice‐weed competition
Authors: Moon B C , Kim J W , Cho S H , Park J E , Song J S , Kim D S 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe effects of herbicide dose on rice‐weed competition were investigated to develop a combined model, which can be utilised to estimate an optimum herbicide dose for a given weed density in paddy rice cultivation. Field studies were conducted in Suwon for rice‐Echinochloa crus‐galli competition and Iksan for rice‐Eleocharis kuroguwai during 2007. The competitive effect of the weeds E. crus‐galli and E. kuroguwai decreased with increasing doses of flucetosulfuron and azimsulfuron, respectively, in the same manner as the standard dose–response curve. The combination of the rectangular hyperbolic model and the standard dose–response curve adequately described the complex effects of herbicide dose and weed competition on rice yield. Parameter estimates were used with the model to predict rice yield and estimate the doses of flucetosulfuron and azimsulfuron required to restrict rice yield loss caused by E. crus‐galli and E. kuroguwai, respectively, to an acceptable level. For a rice yield of 5.0 t ha−1, the model recommended flucetosulfuron doses of 8.7, 13.4 and 20.1 g a.i. ha−1 when infested with E. crus‐galli at 12, 24 and 48 plants m−2 respectively. For a rice yield of 5.2 t ha−1, the model recommended azimsulfuron doses of 3.9, 7.5 and 12.6 g a.i. ha−1 when infested with E. kuroguwai at 24, 48 and 96 plants m−2 respectively. The theoretical outputs of the combined model appear robust and indicate there are opportunities for reduced herbicide use in the field. These now require evaluation under field conditions.
On the units generated by Weierstrass forms
Authors: Küçüksakallı Ömer 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThere is an algorithm of Schoof for finding divisors of class numbers of real cyclotomic fields of prime conductor. In this paper we introduce an improvement of the elliptic analogue of this algorithm by using a subgroup of elliptic units given by Weierstrass forms. These elliptic units which can be expressed in terms of $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}x$-coordinates of points on elliptic curves enable us to use the fast arithmetic of elliptic curves over finite fields.