bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viremic profiles in asymptomatic and symptomatic chikungunya fever: a blood transfusion threat?
Authors: Appassakij Hatsadee , Khuntikij Paiwon , Kemapunmanus Marisa , Wutthanarungsan Rochana , Silpapojakul Khachornsakdi 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundThe presence of a chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak could have an impact on transfusion safety when there are a large number of infected persons during an epidemic. Serosurveys have found that 3% to 28% of infected persons remain asymptomatic and are potential disseminators of transfusion‐associated chikungunya. However, the viremic profiles of asymptomatic chikungunya patients, the major determinant of the transfusion risk, are unknown.Study Design and MethodsData on CHIKV viremic profiles were obtained from a case‐control study carried out in a chikungunya‐affected area during the 2009 epidemic in Songkhla, Thailand. CHIKV‐infected individuals were classified based on a combination of the patient's history and clinical and laboratory findings.ResultsThere were 134 laboratory‐proven CHIKV‐infected cases, of whom 122 (91.0%) were symptomatic and 12 (9.0%) were asymptomatic. The viremic levels in the symptomatic infected individuals peaked on the first 3 days and lasted up to 8 days as defined by viral isolates. CHIKV genomic products were detected as late as Day 17 of illness. The viral loads observed in the symptomatic individuals (median, 5.6 × 105 plaque‐forming units per milliliter [pfu/mL]; range, 1.3 × 101‐2.9 × 108 pfu/mL) were higher than but not significantly different from those observed in the viremic asymptomatic individuals (median, 3.4 × 103 pfu/mL; range, 8.4 × 101‐2.9 × 105 pfu/mL [p = 0.22, Wilcoxon test]).ConclusionCHIKV infection is highly symptomatic and is associated with high‐titred viremia. The viremic levels in asymptomatic CHIKV‐infected individuals were in the range known to be capable of transmitting the disease to experimental animals. Asymptomatic CHIKV viremia individuals could be potential disseminators of transfusion‐associated chikungunya.
Patients with sickle cell anemia on simple chronic transfusion protocol show sex differences for hemodynamic and hematologic responses to transfusion
Authors: Detterich Jon A. , Sangkatumvong Suvimol , Kato Roberta , Dongelyan Ani , Bush Adam , Khoo Michael , Meiselman Herbert J. , Coates Thomas D. , Wood John C. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundChronic transfusion therapy (CTT) is a mainstay for stroke prophylaxis in sickle cell anemia, but its effects on hemodynamics are poorly characterized. Transfusion improves oxygen‐carrying capacity, reducing demands for high cardiac output, while decreasing hemoglobin (Hb)S%, reticulocyte count, and hemolysis. We hypothesized that transfusion would improve oxygen‐carrying capacity, but that would be counteracted by a decrease in cardiac output due to increased hematocrit (Hct) and vascular resistance, leaving oxygen delivery unchanged.Study Design and MethodsTo test this hypothesis, we examined patients on CTT immediately before transfusion and again 12 to 120 hours after transfusion, using echocardiography and near infrared spectroscopy.ResultsComparable increases in Hb and Hct and decreases in reticulocyte count and HbS with transfusion were observed in all patients, but males had a larger rebound of HbS%, reticulocyte count, and free Hb levels between transfusions. In males, transfusion decreased heart rate by 12%, stroke volume by 15%, and cardiac index by 24% while estimates for pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance increased, culminating in 6% decrease in oxygen delivery. In contrast, stroke volume and cardiac index and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance did not change in women after transfusion, such that oxygen delivery improved 17%.ConclusionIn our sample population, males exhibit a paradoxical reduction in oxygen delivery in response to transfusion because the increase in vascular resistance is larger than the increase in oxygen capacity. This may result from an inability to adequately suppress their HbS% between transfusion cycles.
The reliability of the Greulich–Pyle method in bone age determination among Australian children
Authors: Paxton Mark L , Lamont Anthony C , Stillwell Andrew P 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntroductionBone age (BA) determination in skeletally immature children has been used as a measurement of growth for many years. The Greulich–Pyle (G&P) method of estimating BA is most commonly used. The standards used within this atlas were compiled from research conducted on normal white children in the United States, during the 1930s. The applicability of G&P beyond populations similar to its own can be variable. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of G&P in BA determination among Australian children.Methods and MaterialsHand X‐rays of children under the age of 18, investigated for trauma, were recruited. Mean differences between BA, according to the standards of G&P, and chronological age (CA) were compared among all patients and subgroups according to age, gender and left versus right hand.ResultsBetween January and December 2010, 654 children underwent hand X‐rays, 406 of these were included (276 males and 130 females). Overall BA was 2.2 months less than CA (P‐value = 0.005). BA of males and females was estimated to be 1.5 months (P‐value = 0.142) and 3.7 months (P‐value = 0.002) less than their CA respectively. No statistically significant difference was identified with intra‐observer (P‐value = 0.846) and inter‐observer interpretations (P‐value = 0.102).ConclusionsOur results show that the standards of G&P are an accurate means of BA determination in Australian children.
Payments for ecosystem services and the fatal attraction of win‐win solutions
Authors: Muradian R. , Arsel M. , Pellegrini L. , Adaman F. , Aguilar B. , Agarwal B. , Corbera E. , Ezzine de Blas D. , Farley J. , Froger G. , Garcia‐Frapolli E. , Gómez‐Baggethun E. , Gowdy J. , Kosoy N. , Le Coq J.F. , Leroy P. , May P. , Méral P. , Mibielli P. , Norgaard R. , Ozkaynak B. , Pascual U. , Pengue W. , Perez M. , Pesche D. , Pirard R. , Ramos‐Martin J. , Rival L. , Saenz F. , Van Hecken G. , Vatn A. , Vira B. , Urama K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this commentary we critically discuss the suitability of payments for ecosystem services and the most important challenges they face. While such instruments can play a role in improving environmental governance, we argue that over‐reliance on payments as win‐win solutions might lead to ineffective outcomes, similar to earlier experience with integrated conservation and development projects. Our objective is to raise awareness, particularly among policy makers and practitioners, about the limitations of such instruments and to encourage a dialogue about the policy contexts in which they might be appropriate.
The Treatment of Hypertension: A Remarkable Success Story
Authors: Moser Marvin , Roccella Edward J. 
Published: November 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;00:00–00 © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.One of the most successful public health programs in the past century provides an example of what can be accomplished when the government, the private sector, academia, and community organizations work together. The results of 4 decades of activities of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) can be measured in several ways. The publics’ awareness, treatment, and control have increased remarkably. Hypertension is the primary reason adults visit physicians. Age‐adjusted mortality for heart disease and stroke has declined by 70% and 80%, respectively, since the beginning of the program. The decline in heart and stroke deaths is seen in both sexes and blacks and whites, and is particularly evident in people who reside in the southeastern portion of the United States, which once had the highest mortality rates of stroke in the United States. This dramatic decrease in strokes and heart disease has occurred despite the substantial increase in obesity and diabetes in the United States.
European guidelines for topical photodynamic therapy part 2: emerging indications – field cancerization, photorejuvenation and inflammatory/infective dermatoses
Authors: Morton C.A. , Szeimies R.‐M. , Sidoroff A. , Braathen L.R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn addition to established indications in non‐melanoma skin cancer in immunocompetent patients, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been studied for the treatment, and possible prevention, of superficial skin cancers in immunosuppressed patients. As a topical photosensitizer can be applied over large areas, PDT is also increasingly used for field cancerization in photodamaged skin, with evidence of potential to delay the development of actinic keratoses and basal cell carcinoma, although direct evidence of prevention of invasive squamous cell carcinoma remains limited. PDT has been studied in patch/plaque‐stage cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, with efficacy more likely in unilesional disease. Accumulating evidence supports the use of PDT in acne and several other inflammatory/infective dermatoses including cutaneous leishmaniasis, although protocols are still to be refined. Despite proven efficacy, PDT is not widely used in viral/genital warts, where pain during treatment can be intense. PDT is a therapeutic option for photorejuvenation, with improvement in fine wrinkles, mottled hyperpigmentation, roughness and sallowness reported.
Treatment of actinomycetoma foot – our experience with ten patients
Authors: Agarwal U.S. , Besarwal R.K. , Gupta R. , Agarwal P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground  Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue and usually results due to traumatic implantation of soil organisms. Mycetoma can be eumycotic or acinomycotic in origin. Actinomycetoma is susceptible to a large number of chemotherapeutic agents, but the response is variable and affected by various factors such as extent of involvement, duration of disease, presence or absence of bony involvement and drugs used for treatment.Aims and objectives  To describe our experience of various treatment regimens used for actinomycetoma.Material and methods  It was a prospective, open label study of actinomycetoma. Ten patients who were diagnosed clinically as mycetoma were included in this study. All patients were completely evaluated and investigated including skin biopsy, Gram staining of grains and discharge, Ziehl –Nielson stain, KOH preparation, fungal and bacterial cultures and CT scan/Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), if required. Patients were treated with different treatment regimens, for example, Ramam regimen, modified Ramam regimen, Welsh regimen and its modification.Results  Ten patients (eight males, two females) age ranging from 9 to 55 years (mean 29.6 years) were included in this study. Six patients were successfully treated with Ramam regimen, three patients were treated with our modified Welsh regimen (one of these three patients (case 7) initially failed to respond to Ramam regimen), and one patient was treated with modified Ramam regimen.Conclusion  Ramam regimen was found to be quite effective in treating patients of actinomycetoma with only minimal bony involvement, while Welsh regimen and its modification should be used in case of severe disease due to amikacin being more sensitive than gentamicin in treating resistant organisms. Intensive phase of Modified Welsh regimen can be extended to five cycles in case of extensive bony involvement.
Prognostic factors that affect the response to topical treatment in patchy alopecia areata
Authors: Ucak H. , Cicek D. , Demir B. , Erden I. , Ozturk S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground  Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ‐specific, T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune disease that is characterized by non‐scarring hair loss.Objective  We aimed to find the factors that may affect the response to topical therapy in AA.Methods  The study included a total of 60 patients with AA and 30 healthy control patients. The AA patients were randomized into two groups. 40 patients used 0.05% clobetasol propionate cream, and 20 patients used petrolatum (placebo). Both groups applied topical treatments to their lesions twice daily for 12 weeks.Results  The mean extent of AA was 21.88 ± 16.75% in patients with autoantibodies and 12.16 ± 13.55% in those who were negative for autoantibodies (P = 0.021). Ophiasic pattern and nail involvement were observed more frequently in patients with atopy (P < 0.05). Relapse was more frequent in patients with atopy (P = 0.002) and nail involvement (P = 0.02).Conclusions  We observed that the presence of autoantibodies was associated with more extensive AA, and that ophiasic hair loss pattern and nail dystrophy were significantly associated with atopy. Topical clobetasol propionate treatment produced a modest advantage in hair regrowth as compared with placebo. Notably, atopic AA patients have a higher risk of relapse and redevelopment of AA after completing a course of topical corticosteroid treatment.
Postharvest Control of Rhizopus stolonifer in Peach (Prunus persicaL. Batsch) Fruits Using Salicylic Acid
Authors: Panahirad Sima , Zaare‐Nahandi Fariborz , Safaralizadeh Razieh , Alizadeh‐Salteh Saeedeh 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOne of the most damaging pathogenic molds in peach fruits during warehousing period is Rhizopus stolonifer that significantly reduces storage time. Salicylic acid (SA) plays different crucial functions in plant tissues. In this study, the inhibitory effect of SA treatment on the growth of R. stolonifer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results obtained from in vitro experiments showed that SA significantly reduced Rhizopus growth at all concentrations and, at 5 mM, the growth was completely inhibited. In vivo experiments showed relatively high level of inhibition, though the postimmersion treatment as compared with the preimmersion treatment resulted in higher inhibitory effects. Regarding inhibitory effects of SA on controlling R. stolonifer, its application on peach fruits during postharvest period can be a promising strategy to control the growth and development of this fungus and enhancement of the warehousing time of the treated fruits.Practical ApplicationsRhizopus stolonifer with serious and significant damages to agricultural products makes it essential to develop the effective control methods of this pathogen. Today, the use of synthetic chemicals for food preservation is largely abolished, because they can be hazardous for human and animal health. Therefore, there is a huge need for natural compounds with fungicidal attributes. The results of the current study illustrated the effective performance of salicylic acid (SA), one of the known phytohormones, for controlling R. stolonifer growth in peach fruits. The application of immersion treatment inside SA solution can reduce the growth and development of the resulting diseases and also protect the fruits against the future damages of it. Furthermore, SA treatment can inhibit the growth of other pathogenic molds and reduce their injury to fruits.
Shelf‐Life Extension and Safety Concerns about Haddock (Merlangius euxinus) under High Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Alpas Hami , Akhan Ceyda 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHaddock (Merlangius euxinus) samples were treated with high hydrostatic pressure at 200, 300 and 400 MPa, at 5, 10 and 15C for 5 and 15 min. Color (L*, a*, b* and ΔE), trimethylamine nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid were monitored. According to the results, 200 MPa, 5C for 5 min and 400 MPa, 15C for 5 min were chosen as treatment combinations for shelf‐life analysis and samples treated at these combinations were stored at 4C for 15 days. Sensory, physical, chemical and microbiological analyses were performed during refrigeration storage. According to the limitations for quality and freshness; samples pressurized at 200 MPa, 5C for 5 min and at 400 MPa, 15C for 5 min were rejected after 13 and 15 days, respectively, whereas unpressurized control samples were rejected within 5 days.Practical ApplicationsHigh hydrostatic pressure (HHP) application is a globally known processing technique that inactivates microorganisms and preserves freshness with minimal quality degradation of foods. Here, we demonstrate the application of HHP providing safe, fresh‐tasting, nutritive, shelf‐stable fish fillets by avoiding undesired changes via thermal treatments and chemical preservatives. HHP could extend the shelf life of haddock at 4C an additional 12 days, preserving its freshness, and could purvey as an alternative commercial fish production technique in addition to traditionally existing methods like freezing, chilling or marinating.
Divisional Managers and Internal Capital Markets
Authors: DUCHIN RAN , SOSYURA DENIS 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTUsing hand‐collected data on divisional managers at S&P 500 firms, we study their role in internal capital budgeting. Divisional managers with social connections to the CEO receive more capital. Connections to the CEO outweigh measures of managers' formal influence, such as seniority and board membership, and affect both managerial appointments and capital allocations. The effect of connections on investment efficiency depends on the tradeoff between agency and information asymmetry. Under weak governance, connections reduce investment efficiency and firm value via favoritism. Under high information asymmetry, connections increase investment efficiency and firm value via information transfer.
The Cost of Short‐Selling Liquid Securities
Authors: BANERJEE SNEHAL , GRAVELINE JEREMY J. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTStandard models of liquidity argue that the higher price for a liquid security reflects the future benefits that long investors expect to receive. We show that short‐sellers can also pay a net liquidity premium if their cost to borrow the security is higher than the price premium they collect from selling it. We provide a model‐free decomposition of the price premium for liquid securities into the net premiums paid by both long investors and short‐sellers. Empirically, we find that short‐sellers were responsible for a substantial fraction of the liquidity premium for on‐the‐run Treasuries from November 1995 through July 2009.
Noisy Prices and Inference Regarding Returns
Authors: ASPAROUHOVA ELENA , BESSEMBINDER HENDRIK , KALCHEVA IVALINA 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTTemporary deviations of trade prices from fundamental values impart bias to estimates of mean returns to individual securities, to differences in mean returns across portfolios, and to parameters estimated in return regressions. We consider a number of corrections, and show them to be effective under reasonable assumptions. In an application to the Center for Research in Security Prices monthly returns, the corrections indicate significant biases in uncorrected return premium estimates associated with an array of firm characteristics. The bias can be large in economic terms, for example, equal to 50% or more of the corrected estimate for firm size and share price.
Between Craft and Method: Meaning and Inter‐subjectivity in Oral History Analysis
Authors: SARKAR MAHUA 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper has three overarching aims: to contextualise oral history within larger debates over methods in the social sciences; to highlight the peculiar strengths as well as complexities of oral history as a method; and finally to elucidate some of these methodological issues through insights drawn from analysis of oral histories of two elderly Bengali Muslim women.
Lack of evidence of hepatitis E virus infection among renal transplant recipients in a disease‐endemic area
Authors: Naik A. , Gupta N. , Goel D. , Ippagunta S. K. , Sharma R. K. , Aggarwal R. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryPersistent hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been reported among solid‐organ transplant recipients in nonendemic areas. Such chronic infections have all been related to genotype 3 HEV, which is prevalent in these areas. Whether persistent infection occurs with genotype 1 HEV, prevalent in areas where the infection is hyperendemic, is unclear. We therefore tested sera from renal transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive agents in India, where genotype 1 HEV infection is endemic, for alanine aminotransferase levels, and presence of IgM and IgG anti‐HEV antibodies and HEV RNA. Of the 205 subjects studied [aged 16–65 (median, 38) years, 182 male], 46 (22.4%) had abnormal ALT levels (>40 IU/mL). IgG anti‐HEV was detected in 52 (20.5%) and IgM anti‐HEV was detected in 14 (6.8%) subjects, including four who had IgG anti‐HEV; antibody positivity had no relation with serum ALT or serum creatinine. All the sera tested were negative for HEV RNA. These findings suggest that chronic infection with genotype 1 HEV is infrequent.
Heterogeneous distribution of 26Al at the birth of the solar system: Evidence from refractory grains and inclusions
Authors: KROT A. N. , MAKIDE K. , NAGASHIMA K. , HUSS G. R. , OGLIORE R. C. , CIESLA F. J. , YANG L. , HELLEBRAND E. , GAIDOS E. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract–We review recent results on O‐ and Mg‐isotope compositions of refractory grains (corundum, hibonite) and calcium, aluminum‐rich inclusions (CAIs) from unequilibrated ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites. We show that these refractory objects originated in the presence of nebular gas enriched in 16O to varying degrees relative to the standard mean ocean water value: the Δ17OSMOW value ranges from approximately −16‰ to −35‰, and recorded heterogeneous distribution of 26Al in their formation region: the inferred (26Al/27Al)0 ranges from approximately 6.5 × 10−5 to <2 × 10−6. There is no correlation between O‐ and Mg‐isotope compositions of the refractory objects: 26Al‐rich and 26Al‐poor refractory objects have similar O‐isotope compositions. We suggest that 26Al was injected into the 26Al‐poor collapsing protosolar molecular cloud core, possibly by a wind from a neighboring massive star, and was later homogenized in the protoplanetary disk by radial mixing, possibly at the canonical value of 26Al/27Al ratio (approximately 5 × 10−5). The 26Al‐rich and 26Al‐poor refractory grains and inclusions represent different generations of refractory objects, which formed prior to and during the injection and homogenization of 26Al. Thus, the duration of formation of refractory grains and CAIs cannot be inferred from their 26Al‐26Mg systematics, and the canonical (26Al/27Al)0 does not represent the initial abundance of 26Al in the solar system; instead, it may or may not represent the average abundance of 26Al in the fully formed disk. The latter depends on the formation time of CAIs with the canonical 26Al/27Al ratio relative to the timing of complete delivery of stellar 26Al to the solar system, and the degree of its subsequent homogenization in the disk. The injection of material containing 26Al resulted in no observable changes in O‐isotope composition of the solar system. Instead, the variations in O‐isotope compositions between individual CAIs indicate that O‐isotope composition of the CAI‐forming region varied, because of coexisting of 16O‐rich and 16O‐poor nebular reservoirs (gaseous and/or solid) at the birth of the solar system, or because of rapid changes in the O‐isotope compositions of these reservoirs with time, e.g., due to CO self‐shielding in the disk.