bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward model‐driven engineering of supramolecular copolymers
Authors: Korevaar Peter A. , Grenier Christophe , Meijer E. W. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe coassembly of two oligo‐(p‐phenylene vinylene) (OPV) derivatives with different sizes and opposite chirality is studied. Short R‐chiral ROPV3 molecules experience a high energetic mismatch penalty when incorporated in helices formed by long S‐chiral SOPV4 molecules. In contrast, SOPV4 easily coassembles into helices dominated by ROPV3. As a result, the coassembly behavior (i.e., mixing or phase separation of ROPV3 and SOPV4 within the assemblies) highly depends on the ratio between both molecular building blocks. By a combination of experiments and models, the assembly pathways are analyzed. Furthermore, the model allows identifying key parameters in the coassembly behavior, such as the cooperativity and the mismatch penalties. The model‐driven approach is anticipated to be generally applicable in the engineering of functional supramolecular copolymers. This article is dedicated to the 70th birthday of Jean Fréchet and we thank him for being a continuous source of inspiration for our group. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 385–391
Detailed analysis of temperature dependences of spherulite morphology and crystallite orientation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) via a combinatorial method
Authors: Xu Duigong , Bin Yuezhen , Tashiro Kohji 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTTemperature dependences of spherulite morphology and crystal orientation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) were systematically investigated via a combinatorial method. The method created a temperature gradient ranging from 130 to 200 °C. Results show that the preferential orientation of the crystallites changes with the crystallization temperature. The crystallization at 169 °C gives the most highly developed crystalline state of PVDF crystalline form II (α form), in which the spherulite size is maximal, and the crystallite sizes are also the longest, about 200 nm along the b axes. Besides, the a‐axis is almost parallel to the film normal. It indicates that the crystallization rate is the highest in the b‐axis direction. The perferential orientation at higher temperatures may be attributed to the confined 2D growth of the PVDF spherulites in the thin film, whereas the spherulites grow in the 3D mode at lower temperatures. The crystallization behavior revealed in the method is consistent with the results of melt isothermal crystallization experiments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 253–261
Study on optical properties and γ‐ray irradiation resistance of heavy metal oxide tellurite glasses
Authors: Zhou Yongtao , Baccaro Stefania , Cemmi Alessia , Yang Yunxia , Chen Guorong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOptical properties and irradiation resistance of heavy metal oxide tellurite glasses in the TeO2‐PbO‐Bi2O3‐B2O3 system doped with different ions are investigated. The results indicate that the matrix glass has a moderate UV cut‐off edges at about 386 nm wavelength. The UV cut‐off positions are obviously shifted to red by the addition of Ce4+. The introduction of Cr3+, Ce4+ and Ni2+ into the matrix glass exerts positive influences on irradiation resistance of glasses and cerium plays the most pronounced role. Such phenomena are mainly attributed to the variable valences of these cations. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives with Fluorescent Molecular Assemblies and π‐Gels
Authors: Kartha Kalathil K. , Sandeep Anjamkudy , Praveen Vakayil K. , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMolecular assemblies and gels made up of fluorescent π‐systems through noncovalent interactions are fascinating materials with a wide range of properties and applications. Fluorescence is an extremely sensitive property, which gets perturbed upon molecular self‐assembly and gelation. Further manipulation of fluorescence in such materials is possible with external stimuli, such as stress, temperature, or with different analytes. Explosives are a class of analytes that respond to certain fluorescent molecular systems; thus allowing their sensing in a required environment. In recent times, this research has become a topic of great demand, resulting in a large number of publications, due to their relevance in safety and security issues. In this account, we record some of the major developments in the field of explosive sensing with fluorescent molecular assemblies and gels.
Throughput and cost‐efficient interference cancelation strategies for the downlink of spectrum‐sharing Long Term Evolution heterogeneous networks
Authors: Nasri Raouia , Latrach Ahmed , Affes Sofiène 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn a heterogeneous network (HetNet), small cells such as femtocells considered in this work are deployed jointly with macrocells. This new cells' layer, when added to the network, generates interference, which could hamper neighboring macro‐user equipment (MUE) and femto‐user equipment (FUE) transmissions. In fact, this interference results in degradation of the network performance. In this paper, we propose a downlink interference cancelation (DL‐IC) strategy for spectrum‐sharing Long Term Evolution (LTE) HetNet. This DL‐IC strategy aims to reduce the interference impact on users by optimizing their received signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) using new utility functions for both FUEs and MUEs. These utility functions allow relaxation of the cancelation ratios in order to reduce implementation complexity while maximizing SINR, QoS, and throughput. We support by different system‐level simulations that both global network performance and user experience in terms of total throughput and received SNR or link‐level throughput, respectively, are significantly enhanced. Throughput gains achievable by the new DL‐IC strategy can reach as much as 200% against a homogeneous LTE network without IC along with an extra 48% per additional femtocell base station against a basic spectrum‐sharing LTE HetNet without IC. These performance figures are shown to surpass those achieved by interference avoidance techniques using either power or frequency resource allocation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PIK3CA mutations in Peruvian patients with HER2-amplified and triple negative non-metastatic breast cancers
Authors: Castaneda Carlos A , Lopez-Ilasaca Marco , Pinto Joseph A , Chirinos-Arias Michelle , Doimi Franco , Neciosup Silvia P , Rojas Katerin I , Vidaurre Tatiana , Balko Justin M , Arteaga Carlos L , Gomez Henry L 
Published: October 2014

PURPOSE:
To determine the frequency of PIK3CA mutations in a Peruvian cohort with HER2-amplified and triple negative breast cancers (TNBC).

METHODS:
We analyzed two cohorts of 134 primary non-metastatic breast cancer patients from Peru. Cohorts consisted of 51 hormone receptors (+)/HER2-amplified breast tumor patients surgically resected as first treatment included in the ALTTO trial (ALTTO cohort) and 81 TNBC patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant treatment (neoadjuvant cohort). Genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tumor samples. Samples from the ALTTO and neoadjuvant cohorts were taken at biopsies and from residual tumors, respectively. PIK3CA mutations were detected by sequencing DNA fragments obtained by PCR amplification of exons and their flanking introns. All of the detected PIK3CA mutations were confirmed in a second independent run of sample testing.

RESULTS:
PIK3CA mutations were present in 21/134 cases (15.7%). Mutations in exon 9 and 20 were present in 10/134 (7.5%) and 11/134 (8.2%), respectively. No cases had mutations in both exons. Mutations in exon 9 consisted of E545A (seven cases), E545K (two cases) and E545Q (one case); while in exon 20, mutations consisted of H1047R (10 cases) and H1047L (one case). Compared to TNBC patients, HER2-amplified patients were more likely to have PIK3CA mutated (23% vs 9.6%; P = 0.034). There were no associations between mutational status of PIK3CA with estrogen receptor status (P = 0.731), progesterone receptor status (P = 0.921), age (P = 0.646), nodal status (P = 0.240) or histological grade (P = 1.00). No significant associations were found between PIK3CA mutational status and clinicopathological features.

CONCLUSIONS:
We found a similar frequency of PIK3CA mutations to that reported in other series. Although we did not include HR+/HER2 patients, those with HER2-amplified tumors were more likely to present PIK3CA mutations compared to patients with triple negative tumors.
Identify, Isolate, Inform: A 3-pronged Approach to Management of Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Koenig Kristi L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDuring an evolving public health emergency, a simple algorithm for initial patient identification and management is essential for providers on the front lines. This article recommends a 3-pronged system of Identify, Isolate, Inform to describe the actions necessary in the first few minutes of encountering a potential Ebola patient. Application of the “vital sign zero” triage concept of early recognition of potential threats coupled with this novel algorithm will optimize protection of health care workers and the public health while concurrently providing a safe method for individual patient care. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-2)
Effect of dietary extruded linseed, verbascoside and vitamin E supplements on yield and quality of milk in Lacaune ewes
Authors: Casamassima Donato , Nardoia Maria , Palazzo Marisa , Vizzarri Francesco , D‘Alessandro Angela Gabriella , Corino Carlo 
Published: October 2014

Milk yield and milk qualitative parameters were evaluated in Lacaune ewes on a diet supplemented with extruded linseed, verbascoside and vitamin E. A 98 d-trial was conducted on 44 ewes and started 40±2 d post partum. The animals were divided into four homogeneous groups of eleven animals each; one control group (CON) without extruded linseed and dietary supplements, and the diet of the other three experimental groups was enhanced with extruded linseed (L group), extruded linseed-verbascoside (LVB group), and extruded linseed-verbascoside-vitamin E (LVBE group). All animals individually received an isoenergetic diet, consisting of 700 g concentrated feed and meadow hay ad libitum. Body weight, body condition score, milk yield and milk qualitative parameters were assessed. LVB and LVBE groups resulted in a significant improvement (P<0·05) in milk yield due to the verbascoside supplementation. The extruded linseed supplementation L, LVB and LVBE groups produced a milk fat increase and a better milk fatty acid profile in terms of a higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content and a reduced saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, a lowern-6/n-3 ratio and atherogenic and thrombogenic index. The dietary verbascoside supplementation in the LVB and LVBE group resulted in a better milk quality due to the low cholesterol level and higher vitamin A and E contents, in addition to an increased oxidative stability highlighted by the lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level. Thus, the addition of extruded linseed and verbascoside supplements improved milk yield and quality both from a chemical and nutritive point of view.
Robust and fast 3-D scan registration using normal distributions transform with supervoxel segmentation
Authors: Kim Ji W. , Lee Beom H. 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents what is termed as the supervoxel normal distributions transform (SV-NDT), a novel three-dimensional (3-D) registration algorithm which improves the performance of the three-dimensional normal distributions transform (3-D NDT) significantly. The 3-D NDT partitions a model scan using a 3-D regular grid. Generating normal distributions using the 3-D regular grid causes considerable information loss because the 3-D regular grid does not use any information pertaining to the local surface structures of the model scan. The best type of surface (the constituent unit of each scan) for modeling with one normal distribution is known to be the plane. The SV-NDT reduces the loss of information using a supervoxel-generating algorithm at the partitioning stage. In addition, it uses the information of the local surface structures from the data scan by replacing the Euclidean distance with a function that uses local geometries as well as the Euclidean distance when each point in the data scan is matched to the corresponding normal distribution. Experiments demonstrate that the use of the supervoxel-generating algorithm increases the modeling accuracy of the normal distributions and that the proposed 3-D registration algorithm outperforms the 3-D NDT and other widely used 3-D registration algorithms in terms of robustness and speed on both synthetic and real-world datasets. Additionally, the effect of changing the function to create correspondences is also verified.
Review of BRD pathogenesis: the old and the new
Authors: Mosier Derek 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe pathogenesis of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is determined by a complex interaction of environmental, infectious, and host factors. Environment trends could impact feedlot cattle by increasing their level of stress. The polymicrobial nature of BRD produces synergies between infectious agents that can alter pathogenesis. However, the nature of the host response to these environmental and infectious challenges largely determines the characteristics of the progression and outcome of BRD.
Optimal measures for characterizing water-rich super-Earths
Authors: Madhusudhan Nikku , Redfield Seth 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe detection and atmospheric characterization of super-Earths is one of the major frontiers of exoplanetary science. Currently, extensive efforts are underway to detect molecules, particularly H2O, in super-Earth atmospheres. In the present work, we develop a systematic set of strategies to identify and observe potentially H2O-rich super-Earths that provide the best prospects for characterizing their atmospheres using existing instruments. First, we provide analytic prescriptions and discuss factors that need to be taken into account while planning and interpreting observations of super-Earth radii and spectra. We discuss how observations in different spectral bandpasses constrain different atmospheric properties of a super-Earth, including radius and temperature of the planetary surface as well as the mean molecular mass, the chemical composition and thermal profile of the atmosphere. In particular, we caution that radii measured in certain bandpasses can induce biases in the interpretation of the interior compositions. Second, we investigate the detectability of H2O-rich super-Earth atmospheres using the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 spectrograph as a function of the planetary properties and stellar brightness. We find that highly irradiated super-Earths orbiting bright stars, such as 55 Cancri e, present better candidates for atmospheric characterization compared to cooler planets such as GJ 1214b even if the latter orbit lower-mass stars. Besides being better candidates for both transmission and emission spectroscopy, hotter planets offer higher likelihood of cloud-free atmospheres which aid tremendously in the observation and interpretation of spectra. Finally, we present case studies of two super-Earths, GJ 1214b and 55 Cancri e, using available data and models of their interiors and atmospheres.
Genomic catastrophes frequently arise in esophageal adenocarcinoma and drive tumorigenesis
Authors: Nones Katia , Waddell Nicola , Wayte Nicci , Patch Ann-Marie , Bailey Peter , Newell Felicity , Holmes Oliver , Fink J. Lynn , Quinn Michael C. J. , Tang Yue Hang , Lampe Guy , Quek Kelly , Loffler Kelly A. , Manning Suzanne , Idrisoglu Senel , Miller David , Xu Qinying , Waddell Nick , Wilson Peter J. , Bruxner Timothy J. C. , Christ Angelika N. , Harliwong Ivon , Nourse Craig , Nourbakhsh Ehsan , Anderson Matthew , Kazakoff Stephen , Leonard Conrad , Wood Scott , Simpson Peter T. , Reid Lynne E. , Krause Lutz , Hussey Damian J. , Watson David I. , Lord Reginald V. , Nancarrow Derek , Phillips Wayne A. , Gotley David , Smithers B. Mark , Whiteman David C. , Hayward Nicholas K. , Campbell Peter J. , Pearson John V. , Grimmond Sean M. , Barbour Andrew P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) incidence is rapidly increasing in Western countries. A better understanding of EAC underpins efforts to improve early detection and treatment outcomes. While large EAC exome sequencing efforts to date have found recurrent loss-of-function mutations, oncogenic driving events have been underrepresented. Here we use a combination of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and single-nucleotide polymorphism-array profiling to show that genomic catastrophes are frequent in EAC, with almost a third (32%, n=40/123) undergoing chromothriptic events. WGS of 22 EAC cases show that catastrophes may lead to oncogene amplification through chromothripsis-derived double-minute chromosome formation (MYC and MDM2) or breakage-fusion-bridge (KRAS, MDM2 and RFC3). Telomere shortening is more prominent in EACs bearing localized complex rearrangements. Mutational signature analysis also confirms that extreme genomic instability in EAC can be driven by somatic BRCA2 mutations. These findings suggest that genomic catastrophes have a significant role in the malignant transformation of EAC.
Vesicle-based artificial cells as chemical microreactors with spatially segregated reaction pathways
Authors: Elani Yuval , Law Robert V. , Ces Oscar 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn the discipline of bottom-up synthetic biology, vesicles define the boundaries of artificial cells and are increasingly being used as biochemical microreactors operating in physiological environments. As the field matures, there is a need to compartmentalize processes in different spatial localities within vesicles, and for these processes to interact with one another. Here we address this by designing and constructing multi-compartment vesicles within which an engineered multi-step enzymatic pathway is carried out. The individual steps are isolated in distinct compartments, and their products traverse into adjacent compartments with the aid of transmembrane protein pores, initiating subsequent steps. Thus, an engineered signalling cascade is recreated in an artificial cellular system. Importantly, by allowing different steps of a chemical pathway to be separated in space, this platform bridges the gap between table-top chemistry and chemistry that is performed within vesicles.
HsfB2b-mediated repression ofPRR7directs abiotic stress responses of the circadian clock
Authors: Kolmos Elsebeth , Chow Brenda Y. , Pruneda-Paz Jose L. , Kay Steve A. 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceThe daily environmental changes in light and dark set the pace of the circadian clock, which at the molecular level is composed of transcription-based feedback loops. It is well known that temperature fluctuations affect the circadian clock, but the molecules involved remain largely undefined. We found that the heat shock transcription factor HsfB2b works in the repression of the morning clock genePRR7. We tested the properties of the circadian clock, and growth behavior, in thehsfB2bmutant and in transgenics with alteredHsfB2bexpression. Our results reveal thatHsfB2bexpression is important for accurate circadian rhythms following elevated temperature and/or salt treatment. Our work provides evidence of a molecular entry point for temperature signaling to the plant circadian clock.
Developing and testing SCoP – a visual hash scheme
Authors: Maina Olembo M. , Kilian Timo , Stockhardt Simon , Hülsing Andreas , Volkamer Melanie 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study was to develop and test SCoP. Users find comparing long meaningless strings of alphanumeric characters difficult. While visual hashes – where users compare images rather than strings – have been proposed as an alternative, people are unable to sufficiently distinguish more than 30 bits, which does not provide adequate security against collision attacks. Our goal is to improve the situation.

Design/methodology/approach
– A visual hash scheme was developed using shapes, colours, patterns and position parameters. It was evaluated in a series of pilot user studies and improved iteratively, leading to SCoP, which encodes 60 distinguishable bits. We tested SCoP further in two follow-up studies, simulating verifying in remote electronic voting and https certificate validation.

Findings
– Participants attained an average accuracy rate of 97 per cent with SCoP when comparing two visual hash images, one placed above the other. From the follow-up studies, SCoP was seen to be more promising for the https certificate validation use case, with direct image comparison, while a low average accuracy rate in simulating verifiability in remote electronic voting limits its applicability in an image-recall use case.

Research limitations/implications
– Participants achieved high accuracy rates in unrealistic situations, where the images appeared on the screen at the same time and in the same size. Studies in more realistic situations are therefore necessary.

Originality/value
– We identify a visual hash scheme encoding a higher number of distinguishable bits than previously reported in literature, and extend the testing to realistic scenarios.
Gender prejudice in the research world: female researchers in a conflict zone, Kashmir
Authors: Ahmad Kaw Mushtaq , Ahmad Suhail 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The research world is full of women who have explored the scientific world and given their best to humanity. Kashmir, known for its conflict rather than its beauty now, has also given birth to a number of women researchers who have excelled in their respective fields. The study attempts to explore the contributions to the scientific world of women from the University of Kashmir, one of the leading institutions of Kashmir. The research contributions of women from a conflict zone, Kashmir, have been taken into account in the study.Methodology– The data related to the women researchers of Kashmir were extracted from the largest citation and abstract database of peer-reviewed literature, Elsevier’s Scopus, which features smart tools that track, analyse and visualise research from varied dimensions.Findings– The study reveals the effect of conflict on women in the scientific world. The findings show that there are significant differences by gender in terms of research productivity in a conflict region. Furthermore, in the present context, a changing trend is seen as women researchers also show involvement in the scientific world which, if taken seriously, can help in developing a better and more promising feminist research world.Practical Implications– The study can help in laying down the real picture and status of women researchers in a conflict zone. The study urges that governments in conflict zones should take steps to popularise investment in women’s education and research programmes to better equip and motivate women researchers.Originality/value– Further research can be carried out to discover the problems faced by women researchers in a conflict zone.