bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in patients with previous abdominal surgery: single center experience
Authors: Zargar Homayoun , Isac Wahib , Autorino Riccardo , Khalifeh Ali , Nemer Omar , Akca Oktay , Laydner Humberto , Brandao Luis Felipe , Stein Robert J. , Kaouk Jihad H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to report our single center experience with robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) in patients with history of previous abdominal surgery (PAS).MethodsMedical records of patients who underwent RPN for a single renal mass in our center from 2006 to 2013 were reviewed. Patients were divided in two groups: those who had history of PAS and those without history of PAS. Within the PAS group, four sub‐groups were considered: (a) remote site of PAS in relation to RPN; (b) PAS in the proximity of RPN site; (c) previous umbilical hernia/abdominal hernia mesh repair; (d) major PAS.ResultsIn total 627 patients were analyzed, and of these 321 patients had history of PAS (51.2%). On univariable and multivariable analyses, only Charlson Comorbidity Index, estimated blood loss, and tumor size were the significant predictors of complications.ConclusionsRPN can be safely performed in patients with history of PAS with surgical outcomes comparable with those obtained in patients without history of PAS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gordon Valentine Manley and his contribution to the study of climate change: a review of his life and work
Authors: Endfield Georgina H. , Veale Lucy , Hall Alexander 
Published: January 2015

British climatologist and geographer, Gordon Manley (1902–1980), is perhaps best known for his pioneering work on climate variability in the UK, for establishing the Central England Temperature series and, for his pivotal role in demonstrating the powerful relationship between climate, weather, and culture in post‐World War II Britain. Yet Manley made many contributions, both professional and popular, to climate change debates in the twentieth century, where climate change is broadly understood to be changes over a range of temporal and spatial scales rather than anthropogenic warming per se. This review first establishes how Manley's work, including that on snow and ice, was influenced by key figures in debates over climatic amelioration around the North Atlantic between 1920s and 1950s. His research exploring historical climate variability in the UK using documentary sources is then discussed. His perspectives on the relationship between climate changes and cultural history are reviewed, paying particular attention to his interpretation of this relationship as it played out in the UK. Throughout, the review aims to show Manley to be a fieldworker and an empiricist and reveals how he remained committed to rigorous scientific investigation despite changing trends within his academic discipline. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:287–299. doi: 10.1002/wcc.334This article is categorized under:

Climate, History, Society, Culture > Thought Leaders
Sales Assistants in the Making: Learning Through Responsibility
Authors: Reegård Kaja 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The paper investigates how learning and processes of becoming are shaped and enacted in retail apprenticeship in Norway. The analysis draws upon a qualitative study of managers and apprentices in different retail sub-sectors. The empirical point of departure is managers who, more or less deliberately, throw apprentices into tasks from day one. Thus, the apprentices have to handle tasks with limited instruction and guidance. The paper argues that the level of trust the apprentices are shown, and the responsibility they assume, fosters emotional engagement conducive to learning. The concept of learning environment is applied to understand the relationship between affordances and engagement. In linking the organisation of work to learning processes, emphasis is placed on how ‘being responsible’ is not merely a capacity residing within the individual, but embedded in and constituted by institutionalised work roles, task allocation and trust relations. The paper aims to nuance prevailing accounts of lack of guidance as purely detrimental to workplace learning. However, the weakly established tradition of vocational training in Norwegian retail requires a critical look into the kind of learning this practice implies. Contentious issues of throwing apprentices into the deep end are discussed.
Who are we? A qualitative evaluation of trainees’ perspectives on professional identity in oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Tahim Arpan 
Published: January 2015

Introduction Professional identity is becoming increasingly important in medical education in terms of developing appropriately trained and safely practising doctors. Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is a unique surgical speciality that requires dual qualification in medicine and dentistry. Its junior trainees move between the various roles of student, doctor and dentist, and at certain times these roles may overlap. This heterogeneous early training may raise significant barriers for them in terms of understanding their professional identity and developing their own sustainable sense of belonging. This study looks to understand current trainees’ perceptions of the professional identity of an oral and maxillofacial surgeon.
Method A qualitative research methodology based on a grounded theory approach was used in this study. Data were collected using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with OMFS specialist trainees. Subsequent theories were constructed after thematic analysis.
Results A model of the professional identity of an oral and maxillofacial surgeon is proposed.
Discussion This study represents the first attempt to understand professional identity in OMFS trainees. It will provide insight into what trainees understand by the term in this speciality, as well as outlining what trainees feel are important elements to develop a sense of belonging within the speciality.
Emotion regulation and depressive symptoms: Examining the mediation effects of school connectedness in Chinese late adolescents
Authors: Zhao Yanhua , Zhao Guoxiang 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThis study tested Gross's process model of emotion regulation in a Chinese adolescent sample. It hypothesized that emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) would predict adolescents' perception of school connectedness and depressive symptoms. It also posited that school connectedness may be a possible mediator between emotion regulation and depressive symptoms. Participants were 504 adolescents aged 16–18 from two Chinese public upper secondary schools. Structural equation modeling analyses indicated that reappraisal and suppression significantly associated with school connectedness and depressive symptoms, and school connectedness mediated the link between emotion regulation and depressive symptoms, even when the general emotion experiences were controlled. Although boys unexpectedly reported higher level depressive symptoms, the hypothesized model was invariant across gender except for the link between suppression and depressive symptoms. These findings demonstrate that it is meaningful to involve both emotion regulation processes and school connectedness in explaining adolescent depressive symptoms.
Parental monitoring in late adolescence: Relations to ADHD symptoms and longitudinal predictors
Authors: Salari Raziye , Thorell Lisa B. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, we aimed to replicate Stattin and Kerr's (2000) study on parental monitoring and adolescents' deviant behavior, to extend their findings to ADHD symptoms, and to examine the longitudinal predictors (8–18 years) of parental knowledge and child disclosure. Results showed that conduct problems were primarily associated with parental knowledge and child disclosure, but not with parental solicitation and control. A similar pattern was observed for ADHD symptoms. However, while the relations for conduct problems were generally independent of ADHD symptoms, the relations for ADHD symptoms were primarily non‐significant after controlling for conduct problems. Moreover, early behavior problems, but not insecure/disorganized attachment, were associated with parental knowledge and child disclosure in adolescence. In conclusion, child disclosure is primarily associated with deviant behavior rather than ADHD, and early child problem behavior is a more important predictor of child disclosure (implicating reciprocal relations between these two constructs) than is insecure/disorganized attachment.
Successful transjugular extraction of a lead in front of the anterior scalene muscle by using snare technique
Authors: Okada Ayako , Aizawa Kazunori , Tomita Takeshi , Yoshie Kouji , Takeuchi Takahiro , Shoda Morio , Ikeda Uichi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe incidence of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection is increasing. We report a case of and successful device removal in a 79‐year‐old man with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator infection. Right phrenic nerve paralysis was evident on chest radiography. The lead was in front of the anterior scalene muscle, close to the left phrenic nerve. Therefore, extraction carried a risk of bilateral phrenic nerve paralysis. The lead was successfully extracted from the right internal jugular vein by using the snare technique. No complications occurred, and the extraction was successful.
Spatial summation of thermal stimuli assessed by a standardized, randomized, single-blinded technique
Authors: Rasmussen Vibe Maria , Ellehuus-Hilmersson Catarina , Rotbøll-Nielsen Per , Werner Mads Utke 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Background and aims
Quantitative sensory testing of thermal perception (QTT) is a valuable method in clinical and experimental assessment of the function of small nerve fibres. Previous studies have indicated existence of spatial summation for warmth, cool and heat pain stimulation, but study designs and assessment methods have not always been mutually consistent. The aims of this study were, first, to examine spatial summation of QTT by differently sized contact thermodes, and, second, to evaluate if these differences are significant from a clinical and scientific perspective.

Methods
Sixteen healthy subjects were included. Warmth detection (WDT), cool detection (CDT) and heat pain (HPT) thresholds were assessed in random order, with the stimulation areas of the contact thermodes of 3.0, 6.3 and 12.5 cm2, blinded to the subjects. Assessments were made bilaterally at volar part of the distal arm and medial part of the lower leg. Data analyses were by a mixed model with random effect for subject and fixed-effects for the variables, site (arm/leg), thermode area (ln thermode area) and side (dominant/non-dominant), in addition to conventional pairwise non-parametric comparisons.

Results
Data from 2 subjects were excluded. In the remaining 14 subjects only 4 subjects were able to identify the correct sequence of thermode sizes. The model demonstrated highly statistical significant relationships regarding main effects: thermode area (P < 0.0001) and stimulation site (P < 0.0001; except for CDT P = 0.011). The only significant interaction was between thermode area*site (P = 0.005) for CDT. The study demonstrated in 17 of 18 possible comparisons between thermode size and stimulation site, a significant spatial summation for WDT, CDT and HPT.

Conclusion
This randomized, single-blind study of thermal thresholds demonstrated spatial summation and that considerable deviations may occur if values obtained with differing thermode sizes are used uncritically.

Implications
Data from the present study enable interpolation of thermal thresholds with differing thermode sizes, facilitating comparisons across studies.
The effect of milrinone on right and left ventricular function when used as a rescue therapy for term infants with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: James Adam T. , Corcoran John D. , McNamara Patrick J. , Franklin Orla , El-Khuffash Afif F. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntroductionMilrinone may be an appropriate adjuvant therapy for infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. We aimed to describe the effect of milrinone administration on right and left ventricular function in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension not responding to inhaled nitric oxide after 4 hours of administration.Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective review of infants born after or at 34 weeks of gestation with persistent pulmonary hypertension who received milrinone treatment. The primary endpoint was the effect of milrinone on myocardial performance and haemodynamics, including right and left ventricular outputs, tissue Doppler velocities, right ventricle and septal strain, and strain rate. Secondary endpoints examined included duration of inhaled nitric oxide and oxygen support.ResultsA total of 17 infants with a mean (standard deviation) gestation and birth weight of 39.8 (2.0) weeks and 3.45 (0.39) kilograms, respectively, were included in the study. The first echocardiogram was performed 15 hours after the commencement of nitric oxide inhalation. Milrinone treatment was started at a median time of 1 hour after the echocardiogram and was associated with an increase in left ventricular output (p=0.04), right ventricular output (p=0.004), right ventricle strain (p=0.01) and strain rate (p=0.002), and left ventricle s` (p<0.001) and a` (p=0.02) waves. There was a reduction in nitric oxide dose and oxygen requirement over the subsequent 72 hours (all p<0.05).ConclusionThe use of milrinone as an adjunct to nitric oxide is worth further exploration, with preliminary evidence suggesting an improvement in both oxygenation and myocardial performance in this group of infants.
Extracellular matrix structure governs invasion resistance in bacterial biofilms
Authors: Nadell Carey D , Drescher Knut , Wingreen Ned S , Bassler Bonnie L 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Many bacteria are highly adapted for life in communities, or biofilms. A defining feature of biofilms is the production of extracellular matrix that binds cells together. The biofilm matrix provides numerous fitness benefits, including protection from environmental stresses and enhanced nutrient availability. Here we investigate defense against biofilm invasion using the model bacterium Vibrio cholerae. We demonstrate that immotile cells, including those identical to the biofilm resident strain, are completely excluded from entry into resident biofilms. Motile cells can colonize and grow on the biofilm exterior, but are readily removed by shear forces. Protection from invasion into the biofilm interior is mediated by the secreted protein RbmA, which binds mother–daughter cell pairs to each other and to polysaccharide components of the matrix. RbmA, and the invasion protection it confers, strongly localize to the cell lineages that produce it.
Origin of Degradation Phenomenon under Drain Bias Stress for Oxide Thin Film Transistors using IGZO and IGO Channel Layers
Authors: Bak Jun Yong , Kang Youngho , Yang Shinhyuk , Ryu Ho-Jun , Hwang Chi-Sun , Han Seungwu , Yoon Sung-Min 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTop-gate structured thin film transistors (TFTs) using In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) and In-Ga-O (IGO) channel compositions were investigated to reveal a feasible origin for degradation phenomenon under drain bias stress (DBS). DBS-driven instability in terms of VTHshift, deviation of the SS value and increase in the on-state current were detected only for the IGZO-TFT, in contrast to the IGO-TFT, which did not demonstrate VTHshift. These behaviors were visually confirmed via nanoscale transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy observations. To understand the degradation mechanism, we performedab initiomolecular dynamic simulations on the liquid phases of IGZO and IGO. The diffusivities of Ga and In atoms were enhanced in IGZO, confirming the degradation mechanism to be increased atomic diffusion.
Functional Gene Networks: R/Bioc package to generate and analyse gene networks derived from functional enrichment and clustering
Authors: Aibar Sara , Fontanillo Celia , Droste Conrad , De Las Rivas Javier 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Summary: Functional Gene Networks (FGNet) is an R/Bioconductor package that generates gene networks derived from the results of functional enrichment analysis (FEA) and annotation clustering. The sets of genes enriched with specific biological terms (obtained from a FEA platform) are transformed into a network by establishing links between genes based on common functional annotations and common clusters. The network provides a new view of FEA results revealing gene modules with similar functions and genes that are related to multiple functions. In addition to building the functional network, FGNet analyses the similarity between the groups of genes and provides a distance heatmap and a bipartite network of functionally overlapping genes. The application includes an interface to directly perform FEA queries using different external tools: DAVID, GeneTerm Linker, TopGO or GAGE; and a graphical interface to facilitate the use.
Availability and implementation: FGNet is available in Bioconductor, including a tutorial. URL: http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/FGNet.html
Contact: jrivas@usal.es
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Miltefosine for Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Drug Characteristics and Evidence-Based Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Monge-Maillo Begoña , López-Vélez Rogelio 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Miltefosine is the only recognized oral agent with potential to treat leishmaniasis. Miltefosine had demonstrated very good cure rates for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, but high rates of clinical failures have been recently reported. Moderate efficacy has been observed for VL in East Africa, whereas data from Mediterranean countries and Latin America are scarce. Results have not been very promising for patients coinfected with VL and human immunodeficiency virus. However, miltefosine's long half-life and its oral administration could make it a good option for maintenance prophylaxis. Good evidence of efficacy has been documented in Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and different cure rates among New World CL have been obtained depending on the geographical areas and species involved. Appropriate regimens for New World mucocutaneous leishmaniasis need to be established, although longer treatment duration seems to confer better results. Strategies to prevent the development and spread of miltefosine resistance are urgently needed.
Myocardial Infarction Among Danish HIV-Infected Individuals: Population-Attributable Fractions Associated With Smoking
Authors: Rasmussen Line D. , Helleberg Marie , May Margaret T. , Afzal Shoaib , Kronborg Gitte , Larsen Carsten S. , Pedersen Court , Gerstoft Jan , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Obel Niels 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background.  Human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals have increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI); however, the contribution from smoking and potentiating effects of HIV are controversial.
Methods.  From the Danish HIV Cohort Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study, we identified 3251 HIV-infected individuals and 13 004 population controls matched on age and gender. Data on MI were obtained from the National Hospital Registry and the National Registry of Causes of Death. We calculated adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) for risk of MI and population-attributable fractions (PAF) of MI associated with smoking.
Results.  In never smokers, HIV was not associated with an increased risk of MI (aIRR, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], .41–2.54). In previous and current smokers, HIV was associated with a substantially increased risk of MI (aIRR, 1.78; 95% CI, .75–4.24 and aIRR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.71–4.70). The PAF associated with ever smoking (previous or current) was 72% (95% CI, 55%–82%) for HIV-infected individuals and 24% (95% CI, 3%–40%) for population controls. If all current smokers stopped smoking, 42% (95% CI, 21%–57%) and 21% (95% CI, 12%–28%) of all MIs could potentially be avoided in these 2 populations.
Conclusions.  Smoking is associated with a higher risk of MI in the HIV-infected population than in the general population. Approximately 3 of 4 MIs among HIV-infected individuals are associated with ever smoking compared with only 1 of 4 MIs among population controls. Smoking cessation could potentially prevent more than 40% of MIs among HIV-infected individuals, and smoking cessation should be a primary focus in modern HIV care.
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Children: Old Foe, Emerging Threat
Authors: Lukac Paul J. , Bonomo Robert A. , Logan Latania K. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae present an ever-growing burden in the hospital and community settings, across all ages and demographics. Infections due to ESBL-containing pathogens continue to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. With widespread empiric broad-spectrum β-lactam use creating selective pressure, and the resultant emergence of stable, rapidly proliferating ESBL-producing clones with continued horizontal gene transfer across genera, addressing this issue remains imperative. Although well characterized in adults, the epidemiology, risk factors, outcomes, therapies, and control measures for ESBL-producing bacteria are less appreciated in children. This analysis provides a brief summary of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in children, with a focus on recent clinical and molecular data regarding colonization and infection in nonoutbreak settings.
Depredation by killer whale (Orcinus orca) and false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) on the catch of the Uruguayan pelagic longline fishery in Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Passadore Cecilia , Domingo Andrés , Secchi Eduardo R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study analyses depredation by killer whales (Orcinus orca) and false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) on catches of the Uruguayan pelagic longline fishery in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean between 1998 and 2007. Data were collected by scientific observers from the National Observer Program of the Tuna Fleet operating in the area between 19°–40.5°S and 20°–54°W. Depredation occurred in 67 of the 1029 sets and was restricted to the area from 25°–40.5°S to 27°–53°W, though larger proportions of depredation (DP: percentage of total fish caught damaged by cetaceans) were observed in the Brazil–Malvinas (Falkland) Confluence area (34°–37°S and 51°–53°W) where most of the fishing effort was concentrated. Depredation occurred year-round though intra-annual variability in its intensity was recorded. The overall DP was 0.37% and was slightly higher in autumn. The spatial analysis showed that DP within grids of 1 × 1° was homogeneous and generally &lt;2.5%. Ten out of 57 fish species caught by the fishery were depredated by cetaceans. Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) showed the highest DP per species (1.17%). Using the frequency of resources selectivity index of Ivlev, it was determined that swordfish was selected as a preferred prey in 43.9% of the sets with depredation. Generalized linear models indicated that distance to coast, year, and vessel were significant variables in explaining the number of fish depredated per fishing event. The presence of killer whales in the fishing ground seems not to affect the catch per unit effort by the longline fishery. The losses caused by depredation of cetaceans on the catch are low with probably minor economic effects to the Uruguayan longline fishing industry.