bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student centered curricular elements are associated with a healthier educational environment and lower depressive symptoms in medical students
Authors: AlFaris Eiad Abdelmohsen , Naeem Naghma , Irfan Farhana , Qureshi Riaz , van der Vleuten Cees 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundAny curriculum change is essentially an environmental change; therefore there is a need to assess the impact of any change in the curriculum on the students’ perception of the Educational Environment (EE) and psychological well-being. The objectives of the current study are to (i) compare the EE perceptions of medical students studying in a System Based Curriculum (SBC) with those studying in a traditional curriculum (ii) compare the rate of depressive symptoms among the same students studying in both types of curricula (iii) determine whether there is a difference in the EE perception and depressive symptoms based on gender and year of study.MethodsA cross sectional survey was conducted in a Saudi Medical School from 2007-2011, a period in which the school transitioned from a traditional to a SBC. A bilingual version of the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory was used for measuring the EE; the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II) was used for screening of depressive symptoms. A separate demographic questionnaire was also used. Mean scores and percentages were calculated. Continuous variables were summarized as means and standard deviation. For comparison of means, the effect size and student t test (with significance level of <0.05) were used. The percentages of the categorical data were compared using chi square test.ResultsThe mean total DREEM score of positive perception of the EE in the SBC students was significantly higher (better) than the traditional curriculum students (p < 0.01) with an effect size of 0.472. The mean total score on the BDI-II inventory for depressive symptoms was higher (sicker) 21.3 among the female traditional curriculum students than 16.7 among the male traditional curriculum students and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). The BDI score of the female SBC students (14.7) was significantly lower (healthier) than the female traditional curriculum students (21.3). No similar change was noted for the male students.ConclusionThe current study adds to the advantages of the SBC indicating not only healthier EE for both genders but also healthier emotional well-being for female students only.
Long-term outcome in early survivors of cardiogenic shock at the acute stage of myocardial infarction: a landmark analysis from the French registry of Acute ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) Registry
Authors: Aissaoui Nadia , Puymirat Etienne , Simon Tabassome , Bonnefoy-Cudraz Eric , Angoulvant Denis , Schiele Francois , Benamer Hakim , Quandalle Philippe , Prunier Fabrice , Durand Eric , Berard Laurence , Blanchard Didier , Danchin Nicolas 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
There are little data about patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) who survive the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of this study was to assess long-term (5-year) mortality among early survivors of AMI, according to the presence of CS at the acute stage.

Methods
We analyzed 5-year follow-up data from the French registry of Acute ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) 2005 registry, a nationwide French survey including consecutive patients admitted for ST or non-ST-elevation AMI at the end of 2005 in 223 institutions.

Results
Of 3670 patients enrolled, shock occurred in 224 (6.1%), and 3411 survived beyond 30 days or hospital discharge, including 99 (2.9%) with shock. Early survivors with CS had a more severe clinical profile, more frequent concomitant in-hospital complications, and were less often managed invasively than those without CS.
Five-year survival was 59% in patients with, versus 76% in those without shock (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.72 [1.24-2.38], P = 0.001). The excess of death associated with CS, however, was observed only during the first year (one-year survival: 77% vs 93%, adjusted HR: 2.87 [1.85 to 4.46] P <0.001), while survival from one to 5 years was similar (76% vs 82%, adjusted HR: 1.06 [0.64 to 1.74]). Propensity score-matched analyses yielded similar results.

Conclusions
In patients surviving the early phase of AMI, CS at the initial stage carries an increased risk of death up to one year after the acute event. Beyond one year, however, mortality is similar to that of patients without shock.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00673036, Registered May 5, 2008.
Tamoxifen induces apoptosis through cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A–dependent phospho-Akt inactivation in estrogen receptor–negative human breast cancer cells
Authors: Liu Chun-Yu , Hung Man-Hsin , Wang Duen-Shian , Chu Pei-Yi , Su Jung-Chen , Teng Tsung-Han , Huang Chun-Teng , Chao Ting-Ting , Wang Cheng-Yi , Shiau Chung-Wai , Tseng Ling-Ming , Chen Kuen-Feng 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, may affect cancer cell survival through mechanisms other than ER antagonism. In the present study, we tested the efficacy of tamoxifen in a panel of ER-negative breast cancer cell lines and examined the drug mechanism.

Methods
In total, five ER-negative breast cancer cell lines (HCC-1937, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-453 and SK-BR-3) were used for in vitro studies. Cellular apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Signal transduction pathways in cells were assessed by Western blot analysis. The in vivo efficacy of tamoxifen was tested in xenograft nude mice.

Results
Tamoxifen induced significant apoptosis in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-453 and SK-BR-3 cells, but not in HCC-1937 cells. Tamoxifen-induced apoptosis was associated with inhibition of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) and phospho-Akt (p-Akt) in a dose-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of either CIP2A or Akt protected MDA-MB-231 cells from tamoxifen-induced apoptosis. In addition, tamoxifen increased protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, and tamoxifen-induced apoptosis was attenuated by the PP2A antagonist okadaic acid in the sensitive cell lines, but not in resistant HCC-1937 cells. Moreover, silencing CIP2A by small interfering RNA sensitized HCC-1937 cells to tamoxifen-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, tamoxifen regulated CIP2A protein expression by downregulating CIP2A mRNA. Importantly, tamoxifen inhibited the in vivo growth of MDA-MB-468 xenograft tumors in association with CIP2A downregulation, whereas tamoxifen had no significant effect on CIP2A expression and anti-tumor growth in HCC-1937 tumors.

Conclusions
Inhibition of CIP2A determines the effects of tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in ER-negative breast cancer cells. Our data suggest a novel “off-target“ mechanism of tamoxifen and suggest that CIP2A/PP2A/p-Akt signaling may be a feasible anti-cancer pathway.
DNA demethylases target promoter transposable elements to positively regulate stress responsive genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Le Tuan-Ngoc , Schumann Ulrike , Smith Neil A , Tiwari Sameer , Au Phil Chi Khang , Zhu Qian-Hao , Taylor Jennifer M , Kazan Kemal , Llewellyn Danny J , Zhang Ren , Dennis Elizabeth S , Wang Ming-Bo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background
DNA demethylases regulate DNA methylation levels in eukaryotes. Arabidopsis encodes four DNA demethylases, DEMETER (DME), REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1), DEMETER-LIKE 2 (DML2), and DML3. While DME is involved in maternal specific gene expression during seed development, the biological function of the remaining DNA demethylases remains unclear.

Results
We show that ROS1, DML2, and DML3 play a role in fungal disease resistance in Arabidopsis. A triple DNA demethylase mutant, rdd (ros1 dml2 dml3), shows increased susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. We identify 348 genes differentially expressed in rdd relative to wild type, and a significant proportion of these genes are downregulated in rdd and have functions in stress response, suggesting that DNA demethylases maintain or positively regulate the expression of stress response genes required for F. oxysporum resistance. The rdd-downregulated stress response genes are enriched for short transposable element sequences in their promoters. Many of these transposable elements and their surrounding sequences show localized DNA methylation changes in rdd, and a general reduction in CHH methylation, suggesting that RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), responsible for CHH methylation, may participate in DNA demethylase-mediated regulation of stress response genes. Many of the rdd-downregulated stress response genes are downregulated in the RdDM mutants nrpd1 and nrpe1, and the RdDM mutants nrpe1 and ago4 show enhanced susceptibility to F. oxysporum infection.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that a primary function of DNA demethylases in plants is to regulate the expression of stress response genes by targeting promoter transposable element sequences.
Individualizing kinase-targeted cancer therapy: the paradigm of chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Eiring Anna M , Deininger Michael W 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treating chronic myeloid leukemia highlights the potential of targeting oncogenic kinases with small molecules. By using drug activity profiles and individual patient genotypes, one can guide personalized therapy selection for patients with resistance.
Evolutionarily conserved genetic interactions with budding and fission yeast MutS identify orthologous relationships in mismatch repair-deficient cancer cells
Authors: Tosti Elena , Katakowski Joseph A , Schaetzlein Sonja , Kim Hyun-Soo , Ryan Colm J , Shales Michael , Roguev Assen , Krogan Nevan J , Palliser Deborah , Keogh Michael-Christopher , Edelmann Winfried 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background
The evolutionarily conserved DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system corrects base-substitution and insertion-deletion mutations generated during erroneous replication. The mutation or inactivation of many MMR factors strongly predisposes to cancer, where the resulting tumors often display resistance to standard chemotherapeutics. A new direction to develop targeted therapies is the harnessing of synthetic genetic interactions, where the simultaneous loss of two otherwise non-essential factors leads to reduced cell fitness or death. High-throughput screening in human cells to directly identify such interactors for disease-relevant genes is now widespread, but often requires extensive case-by-case optimization. Here we asked if conserved genetic interactors (CGIs) with MMR genes from two evolutionary distant yeast species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyzes pombe) can predict orthologous genetic relationships in higher eukaryotes.

Methods
High-throughput screening was used to identify genetic interaction profiles for the MutSα and MutSβ heterodimer subunits (msh2Δ, msh3Δ, msh6Δ) of fission yeast. Selected negative interactors with MutSβ (msh2Δ/msh3Δ) were directly analyzed in budding yeast, and the CGI with SUMO-protease Ulp2 further examined after RNA interference/drug treatment in MSH2-deficient and -proficient human cells.

Results
This study identified distinct genetic profiles for MutSα and MutSβ, and supports a role for the latter in recombinatorial DNA repair. Approximately 28% of orthologous genetic interactions with msh2Δ/msh3Δ are conserved in both yeasts, a degree consistent with global trends across these species. Further, the CGI between budding/fission yeast msh2 and SUMO-protease Ulp2 is maintained in human cells (MSH2/SENP6), and enhanced by Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor that induces the accumulation of single-strand DNA breaks. This identifies SENP6 as a promising new target for the treatment of MMR-deficient cancers.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate the utility of employing evolutionary distance in tractable lower eukaryotes to predict orthologous genetic relationships in higher eukaryotes. Moreover, we provide novel insights into the genome maintenance functions of a critical DNA repair complex and propose a promising targeted treatment for MMR deficient tumors.
Obtaining informed consent for clinical tumor and germline exome sequencing of newly diagnosed childhood cancer patients
Authors: Scollon Sarah , Bergstrom Katie , Kerstein Robin A , Wang Tao , Hilsenbeck Susan G , Ramamurthy Uma , Gibbs Richard A , Eng Christine M , Chintagumpala Murali M , Berg Stacey L , McCullough Laurence B , McGuire Amy L , Plon Sharon E , Parsons D Williams 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background
Effectively educating families about the risks and benefits of genomic tests such as whole exome sequencing (WES) offers numerous challenges, including the complexity of test results and potential loss of privacy. Research on best practices for obtaining informed consent (IC) in a variety of clinical settings is needed. The BASIC3 study of clinical tumor and germline WES in an ethnically diverse cohort of newly diagnosed pediatric cancer patients offers the opportunity to study the IC process in the setting of critical illness. We report on our experience for the first 100 families enrolled, including study participation rates, reasons for declining enrollment, assessment of clinical and demographic factors that might impact study enrollment, and preferences of parents for participation in optional genomics study procedures.

Methods
A specifically trained IC team offered study enrollment to parents of eligible children for procedures including clinical tumor and germline WES with results deposited in the medical record and disclosure of both diagnostic and incidental results to the family. Optional study procedures were also offered, such as receiving recessive carrier status and deposition of data into research databases. Stated reasons for declining participation were recorded. Clinical and demographic data were collected and comparisons made between enrolled and non-enrolled patients.

Results
Over 15 months, 100 of 121 (83%) eligible families elected to enroll in the study. No significant differences in enrollment were detected based on factors such as race, ethnicity, use of Spanish interpreters and Spanish consent forms, and tumor features (central nervous system versus non-central nervous system, availability of tumor for WES). The most common reason provided for declining enrollment (10% of families) was being overwhelmed by the new cancer diagnosis. Risks specific to clinical genomics, such as privacy concerns, were less commonly reported (5.5%). More than 85% of parents consented to each of the optional study procedures.

Conclusions
An IC process was developed that utilizes a specialized IC team, active communication with the oncology team, and an emphasis on scheduling flexibility. Most parents were willing to participate in a clinical germline and tumor WES study as well as optional procedures such as genomic data sharing independent of race, ethnicity or language spoken.
Bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, inhibits osteoarthritis
Authors: Nagai Toshihiro , Sato Masato , Kobayashi Miyuki , Yokoyama Munetaka , Tani Yoshiki , Mochida Joji 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Angiogenesis is an important factor in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). We investigated the efficacy of bevacizumab, an antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor and an inhibitor of angiogenesis, in the treatment of OA using a rabbit model of anterior cruciate ligament transection.

Methods
First, we evaluated the response of gene expression and histology of the normal joint to bevacizumab treatment. Next, in a rabbit model of OA induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection, we used macroscopic and histological evaluations and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine the responses to intravenous (systemic) administration of bevacizumab (OAB IV group). We also investigated the efficacy of intra-articular (local) administration of bevacizumab in OA-induced rabbits (OAB IA group).

Results
Histologically, bevacizumab had no negative effect in normal joints. Bevacizumab did not increase the expression of genes for catabolic factors in the synovium, subchondral bone, or articular cartilage, but it increased the expression of collagen type 2 in the articular cartilage. Macroscopically and histologically, the OAB IV group exhibited a reduction in articular cartilage degeneration and less osteophyte formation and synovitis compared with the control group (no bevacizumab; OA group). Real-time PCR showed significantly lower expression of catabolic factors in the synovium in the OAB IV group compared with the OA group. In articular cartilage, expression levels of aggrecan, collagen type 2, and chondromodulin-1 were higher in the OAB IV group than in the OA group. Histological evaluation and assessment of pain behaviour showed a superior effect in the OAB IA group compared with the OAB IV group 12 weeks after administration of bevacizumab, even though the total dosage given to the OAB IA group was half that received by the OAB IV group.

Conclusions
Considering the dosage and potential adverse effects of bevacizumab, the local administration of bevacizumab is a more advantageous approach than systemic administration. Our results suggest that intra-articular bevacizumab may offer a new therapeutic approach for patients with post-traumatic OA.
Feline physiotherapy: part 2
Authors: Price Hannah 
Published: September 2014

Feline physiotherapy can be complex due to the range of conditions that feline patients may present with. Fractures are one of the most common orthopaedic conditions; a more complex condition is tetanus where the animal may present with a limb issue that is a secondary effect of an infection. Fractures can be complex at times due to the nature of how the fracture has occurred. This article explores the skills used by a physiotherapist to assist in fracture healing, pain reduction, range of motion of all limbs, muscle development and return of functional independence to the animal. To assist in doing this, a case study is included. To show the adaptation a physiotherapist is required to use with clinical decision-making, a second case study presents a complex case of tetanus, and the cat's road to recovery.
Preliminary Study of Effects of Tip Geometry and Material Type of Circular Saws on Cutting Surface Quality of Medium-Density Fiberboard
Authors: Xu Wei , Wu Zhihui , Zhang Jilei , Mao Weiguo , Huang Qiongtao 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Effects of tip height and material type, radial clearance angle, and blade lateral runout of circular saws on the machined surface quality of medium-density fiberboards (MDF) cut by circular saws in terms of roughness height were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the tip material type and magnitude of tip radial clearance angle affected the surface roughness height of MDF the most. Using circular saws brazed with polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tips can significantly reduce the surface roughness height compared with using tungsten carbide tips. Circular saws brazed with PCD tips of a radial clearance angle of 0.5° reduced the surface roughness height by as much as half compared with the one with a radial clearance angle of 1.0°. Analytical analysis results indicated that a circular saw with longer tips of a smaller radial clearance angle should be preferred.
»Verstehst Du auch, was Du liest?«
Authors: Moltmann Jürgen 
Published: September 2014

Abstract Können wir mit allgemeinen Methoden wie der historisch-kritischen, der formgeschichtlichen, der sozialgeschichtlichen, der kulturanthropologischen etc. die theologischen Texte des Neuen Testaments »verstehen«? Können wir durch die Identifizierung mit der apostolischen Theologie des Paulus wie Karl Barth im »Römerbrief« von 1922 die doch zugleich historischen Texte des Neuen Testaments »verstehen«? »Verstehen« bezieht sich auf die Sache, von der diese Texte reden, und entsteht im kritischen Zirkel von Textexegese und Sachexegese. Verstehen entsteht auf der eschatologischen Brücke über Vergangenheit und Vergessen, die mit der Auferstehung Christi »von den Toten« begehbar wird.
Medizin zwischen Heilskultur und Heilkunst
Authors: Kappauf Herbert 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
In der gesellschaftlichen Erwartungshaltung der Neuzeit hat sich die Rangordnung zwischen medizinischer Heilkunst und religiös bestimmter Heilskultur umgekehrt. Die Sorge um das Seelenheil ist abgelöst worden durch das Streben nach einem heilen Körper, das Züge einer Gesundheitsreligion angenommen hat. Doch gerade die Erfolge der modernen Medizin, stellen ihr Selbstverständnis in Frage. Sie muss sich zwar nicht mehr in eine religiöse Heilskultur ein-, dafür aber der Ökonomie unterordnen. Demgegenüber gilt es, fernab dem Anspruch einer Heilskultur, die Kunst des Heilens wieder zu gewinnen.
Hoffnung
Authors: Erbguth Frank , Buntfuß Markus 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die Ausführungen des Mediziners skizzieren die Vielfalt, in der in der Medizin von Hoffnung die Rede ist, und zeigen im personalen Kontext exemplarisch auf, dass und wie der Arzt auch bei unheilbarer Krankheit Hoffnung vermitteln kann, z.B. indem er eine Adaptation der Hoffnung auf das Machbare unterstützt. Der Theologe konstatiert im gesellschaftlichen Erwartungshorizont der Gegenwart einen Verlust der großen Hoffnungsentwürfe und andererseits eine ungebrochene Wirksamkeit alltäglichen Hoffens. In der religiösen Überlieferung des Christentums passt sich - nach den großen biblischen Entwürfen - Hoffnung ebenfalls zunehmend den Wechselfällen des Lebens an und kann gerade so zur heilenden Hoffnung werden.
Verletzung und Heil-Werden
Authors: Kojer Marina 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Mit zunehmender Schwere der Erkrankung werden Menschen mit Demenz immer feinfühliger. Dies ermöglicht ihnen, offen Gebliebenes auf der Gefühlsebene aufzuarbeiten. Zugleich macht es sie verletzlicher, aber über die Verletzung kann es zu Heilungen kommen, wenn empathische Begleiter den Schmerz aufnehmen und mit den Betroffenen teilen.
Eco-friendly conjugate hydrocyanation of 2-aroyl α,β-unsaturated ketones with potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)
Authors: Li Zheng , Zheng Huanhuan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Conjugate hydrocyanation of 2-aroyl α,β-unsaturated ketones employing potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as an eco-friendly cyanide source, benzoyl chloride as a promoter and potassium hydroxide as a catalyst by a one-pot two-step procedure is described. The advantages of this protocol are no use of strong toxic cyanating agents, the high yield of the products and a simple work-up procedure.
Negative and Personalized Campaign Rhetoric: Party Communication and Media Coverage of Danish Parliamentary Elections 1994–2011
Authors: Elmelund-Præstekær Christian , Mølgaard-Svensson Helle 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Danish 2011 national election campaign was allegedly characterized by the toughest political rhetoric ever in contemporary Danish politics. The political parties and the candidates apparently decided to “go negative” to a greater extent than usually. But was the 2011 campaign rhetoric actually the most negative in modern history? We seek the answer by means of quantitative content analysis of parties’ newspaper ads, party leaders’ letters to the editor and statements in party leader debates. We first compare the 2011 campaign with the five preceding campaigns and conclude that it was indeed the least negative of them all. We then compare the parties’ communication and the media coverage of the campaign to discover that the media strongly – and increasingly – emphasize the parties’ negative campaign messages relative to the positive messages. In sum: Danish parties were not especially prone to engage in negative campaigning in the 2011 election, but the media made the parties look more negative than in earlier campaigns.