bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of hepatitis B virion and SVP productivity: relationships between intrahepatic and serum markers in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Lesmana Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya , Jackson Kathy , Lim Seng Gee , Sulaiman Ali , Pakasi Levina S , Gani Rino A , Hasan Irsan , Sulaiman Andri Sanityoso , Lesmana Laurentius A , Hammond Rachel , Revill Peter , Locarnini Stephen , Bowden Scott David 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundClinical use of hepatitis B viral (HBV) quantitative seromarker\s remains questionable since it is not precisely known whether they represent intrahepatic viral replication. Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA), and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) are more likely to represent active HBV replication and their measurement can be used to derive virion productivity (VP; rcDNA/cccDNA), subviral particle (SVP) productivity (quantitative HBsAg/cccDNA), and replicative activity (RA; pgRNA/cccDNA). These can be used to compare relative HBV replication between HBeAg‐negative and ‐positive patients.ObjectiveTo study the clinical significance of intrahepatic HBV replication phenomenon between HBeAg‐negative and ‐positive patients and its correlation with quantitative HBV seromarkers.MethodThis was a prospective study between January 2010 and December 2011. Study subjects were naive chronic hepatitis B patients from Cipto Mangunkusumo and Medistra Hospitals. All patient samples underwent liver biochemistry and HBV seromarkers testing (HBeAg, quantitative HBsAg and HBV DNA levels), and patients underwent liver biopsy. Stored liver specimens were analysed for intrahepatic rcDNA, cccDNA, and pgRNA with quantification performed by real‐time PCR. Comparison of HBV markers between HBsAg‐positive and ‐negative patients was carried out using the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Pearson's correlation test was performed among HBV intrahepatic and seromarkers using their log‐transformed values.ResultsA total of 104 patients were enrolled in this study; 54 (51.9%) were male. Patients’ mean age was 41.9 ± 11.63 years (range 19–70 years). Sixty‐one patients (58.7%) were HBeAg‐negative. All HBV markers were significantly higher in HBeAg‐positive than HBeAg‐negative patients, except for SVP productivity and RA. Serum HBV DNA was strongly correlated with intrahepatic total HBV DNA (r  = 0.771), cccDNA (r  = 0.774), and rcDNA (r  = 0.780) while serum quantitative HBsAg showed only moderate correlation with intrahepatic total DNA (r  = 0.671), cccDNA (r  = 0.632), rcDNA (r  = 0.675), and SVP productivity (r  = 0.557).ConclusionsSerum HBV DNA concentration and quantitative HBsAg might not accurately predict intrahepatic viral activity. Virion and SVP production do not occur in parallel with replicative activity.
Increased IR-A/IR-B ratio in non-small cell lung cancers associates with lower epithelial-mesenchymal transition signature and longer survival in squamous cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Liyan , Zhu Wei , Streicher Katie , Morehouse Chris , Brohawn Philip , Ge Xiaoxiao , Dong Zhengwei , Yin Xiaolu , Zhu Guanshan , Gu Yi , Ranade Koustubh , Higgs Brandon W , Yao Yihong , Huang Jiaqi 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
To evaluate the insulin receptor isoform mRNA expression status in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods
RNA-seq data from 614 NSCLC [355 adenocarcinomas (LUAD) and 259 squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC)] and 92 normal lung specimens were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to evaluate the mRNA expression of insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A) and insulin receptor isoform B (IR-B). The differential expression status of the insulin receptor isoforms in NSCLC patients was confirmed using qRT-PCR assays with lung cancer cDNA arrays and primary tumor samples.

Results
The mRNA expression levels of IR-B were significantly lower in some NSCLC samples compared to normal lung specimens, including both LUAD and LUSC. Notably, no IR-B transcripts were detected - only the IR-A isoform was expressed in 11% of NSCLC patients. This decrease in IR-B expression contributed to an elevated IR-A/IR-B ratio, which was also associated with lower epithelial-mesenchymal transition gene signatures in NSCLC and longer patient survival under standard of care in LUSC. In addition to NSCLC, RNA-seq data from TCGA revealed a similar increase in IR-A/IR-B ratio in many other cancer types, with high prevalence in acute myeloid leukemia, glioblastoma multiforme, and brain lower grade glioma.

Conclusions
Our results indicate a common reduction of the mRNA expression level of IR-B and an increased IR-A/IR-B mRNA ratio in NSCLC and other tumor types. The relationship of altered IR-A/IR-B ratios with cancer progression and patient survival should be prospectively explored in future studies.
Reduced temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of magnetite thin films by controlling film thickness
Authors: Park No-Won , Lee Won-Yong , Kim Jin-A , Song Kyungjun , Lim Hyuneui , Kim Wan-Doo , Yoon Soon-Gil , Lee Sang-Kwon 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We report on the out-of-plane thermal conductivities of epitaxial Fe3O4 thin films with thicknesses of 100, 300, and 400 nm, prepared using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on SiO2/Si substrates. The four-point probe three-omega (3-ω) method was used for thermal conductivity measurements of the Fe3O4 thin films in the temperature range of 20 to 300 K. By measuring the temperature-dependent thermal characteristics of the Fe3O4 thin films, we realized that their thermal conductivities significantly decreased with decreasing grain size and thickness of the films. The out-of-plane thermal conductivities of the Fe3O4 films were found to be in the range of 0.52 to 3.51 W/m · K at 300 K. For 100-nm film, we found that the thermal conductivity was as low as approximately 0.52 W/m · K, which was 1.7 to 11.5 order of magnitude lower than the thermal conductivity of bulk material at 300 K. Furthermore, we calculated the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of these Fe3O4 films using a simple theoretical Callaway model for comparison with the experimental data. We found that the Callaway model predictions agree reasonably with the experimental data. We then noticed that the thin film-based oxide materials could be efficient thermoelectric materials to achieve high performance in thermoelectric devices.
Efficient use of a hybrid decoding technique for LDPC codes
Authors: de Souza Guimarães Walter Prado , Lemos-Neto José S , da Rocha Valdemar C 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A word error rate (WER) reducing approach for a hybrid iterative error and erasure decoding algorithm for low-density parity-check codes is described. A lower WER is achieved when the maximum number of iterations of the min-sum belief propagation decoder stage is set to certain specific values which are code dependent. By proper choice of decoder parameters, this approach reduces WER by about 2 orders of magnitude for an equivalent decoding complexity. Computer simulation results are given for the efficient use of this hybrid decoding technique in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise.
Magnetic heterogeneous catalytic ozonation: a new removal method for phenol in industrial wastewater
Authors: Shahamat Yousef Dadban , Farzadkia Mahdi , Nasseri Simin , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Gholami Mitra , Esrafili Ali 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this study, a new strategy in catalytic ozonation removal method for degradation of phenol from industrial wastewater was investigated. Magnetic carbon nano composite as a novel catalyst was synthesized, characterized and then used in the catalytic ozonation process (COP) and compared with the single ozonation process (SOP). The influential parameters were all investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiency of phenol and COD (chemical oxygen demand) in COP (98.5%, 69.8%) was higher than those of SOP (78.7%, 50.5%) and the highest catalytic potential was achieved at optimal neutral pH. First order modeling demonstrated that the reactions were dependent on the concentration of catalyst, with kinetic constants varying from 0.023 1/min (catalyst = 0 g/L) to 0.071 1/min (catalyst = 4 g/L), whereby the optimum dosage of catalyst was found to be 2 g/L. Furthermore, the catalytic properties of the catalyst remained almost unchanged after 5-time reuse. The results regarding the biodegradability of the effluent showed that a 5-min reaction time in COP reduced the concentrations of phenol and COD to the acceptable levels for the efficient post-treatment in the SBR in a 4-h cycle period. Finally, this combined system is proven to be a technically effective method for treating phenolic contaminants.
Study versus television
Authors: Browning Martin , Heinesen Eskil 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The great majority of studies on the effect of school quality on academicoutcomes do not take account of changes in student choices concerning effortif school quality, e.g. class size, changes. We show that empiricalestimates of the ‘total’ effect of changes in school qualitycould be quite different from the ‘partial’ effect holding otherinputs (including student effort) constant. The main parameters governingthis difference are the extent to which inputs in the education productionfunction are substitutes or complements and how kinked is the benefit from ahigher mark. The difference depends also on student ability, thestudent’s distaste for effort and the curvature of the educationproduction with respect to effort.

JEL classification

I21; I28
Time-lapse seismic modeling for CO2 sequestration at the Dickman Oilfield, Kansas
Authors: Li Jintan , Liner Christopher , Stewart Robert 
Published: February 2014

Carbon dioxide capture and injection into the subsurface has aroused great interest in the past few years as a method to enhance oil recovery and mitigate [Formula: see text] emissions. The Dickman Oilfield located in Kansas provides two possible [Formula: see text] sequestration targets: a regional deep saline reservoir (the primary objective) and a shallower mature depleted oil reservoir (secondary). We focused on the shallower depleted oil reservoir through a 250-year flow-simulation scenario and a fault leakage test. Seismic responses at various time intervals were simulated to help monitor [Formula: see text] flow paths and injection stability. A complex and realistic geologic model with unconformity was embedded in the flow-simulation model. A regridding technique was used that assigned geologic values to a regular seismic grid that allowed 2D acoustic and elastic finite-difference simulation. Gassmann fluid substitution theory was used to obtain the reservoir properties with different [Formula: see text] saturations, and the vertical seismic profile was used to assist in identifying geologic layers. A [Formula: see text] plume and flow path from the leakage test can be detected from the differences in seismic data (5 to 10 ms time shift) from the first year of injection and the last year of monitoring. This was supported by comparison with the prestack field data available in the Dickman Oilfield. [Formula: see text]-induced reflectivity changes are relatively larger for PS events than for PP events, implying that multicomponent data acquisition and processing may give added value to characterization and monitoring of carbon capture and storage projects. We assessed 4D seismic monitoring in the evaluation of long-term [Formula: see text] containment stability for the Dickman Oilfield and suggested that time-lapse surveys will be useful.
p75 neurotrophin receptor evades the endolysosomal route, favouring multivesicular bodies specialised for exosomal release in neuronal cells
Authors: Escudero CA , Lazo OM , Galleguillos C , Parraguez JI , Lopez-Verrilli MA , Cabeza C , Leon L , Saeed U , Retamal C , Gonzalez A , Marzolo MP , Carter BD , Court FA , Bronfman FC 
Published: February 2014

The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) is a multifaceted signalling receptor that regulates neuronal physiology, including neurite outgrowth and survival and death decisions.
A key cellular aspect regulating neurotrophin signalling is the intracellular trafficking of their receptors; however, the post-endocytic trafficking of p75 is poorly defined. We used sympathetic neurons and PC12 cells to study the internalization mechanism and post-endocytic trafficking of p75. We found that p75 internalization depended on the clathrin adaptor protein AP2 and dynamin. More surprising, p75 evaded the lysosomal route at the level of the early endosome, accumulating in two different endosomes, Rab11-positive endosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) positive for CD63, a marker of the exosomal pathway. Consistently, depolarization by KCl induced liberation of previously endocytosed full-length p75 into the extracellular medium in exosomes. Thus, p75 defines a subpopulation of MVBs that does not mature to lysosomes and is available for exosomal release by neuronal cells.
Preparation of Au-Decorated Ag@C Nanoparticle and Its Biosensing Application
Authors: Huang Haiping , Cui Rongjing , Yu Lingjun , Mao Changjie 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Novel Ag@C core–shell structural nanospheres were prepared with Au nanoparticles decorated on their surface. The Ag@C nanospheres were first synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and then Au nanoparticles were absorbed onto the surface of the prepared nanospheres via electrostatic effect. In the study of its electrochemical behavior using hemoglobin (Hb) as a model protein, the prepared nanocomposite displayed excellent biocompatibility and high electrical conductivity. When it was used to fabricate a biosensor for H2O2 detection, excellent electrocatalytic activity was observed. This study may offer a new approach to expand the syntheses and electrochemical applications of core–shell structural nanospherical composites.
Efficient CO2 Adsorption on Amine-impregnated Mesoporous Silica Sorbents: Interpretation of Moderate Amine Loading
Authors: Watabe Tsuyoshi , Yogo Katsunori 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The CO2 uptake of amine-impregnated mesoporous MSU-F silica sorbents increased up to 70 wt % amine loading. In terms of the amine-efficiency for CO2 adsorption (defined as the amount of adsorbed CO2 per amino group of the sorbent), the amine loadings for the most efficient CO2 adsorption were 50 wt %. The moderate amine loadings are predictable from the pore volume of the porous support and from the molecular volumes of the impregnated amine and CO2.
The diverse roles of the Nup93/Nic96 complex proteins – structural scaffolds of the nuclear pore complex with additional cellular functions
Authors: Vollmer Benjamin , Antonin Wolfram 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes mediate the transport between the cell nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. These 125 MDa structures are among the largest assemblies found in eukaryotes, built from proteins organized in distinct subcomplexes that act as building blocks during nuclear pore complex biogenesis. In this review, we focus on one of these subcomplexes, the Nup93 complex in metazoa and its yeast counterpart, the Nic96 complex. We discuss its essential function in nuclear pore complex assembly as a linker between the nuclear membrane and the central part of the pore and its various roles in nuclear transport processes and beyond.
Regularization of linear inverse problems with
total generalized variation
Authors: Bredies Kristian , Holler Martin 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The regularization properties of the total generalized variation (TGV)
functional for the solution of linear inverse problems by means of
Tikhonov regularization are studied. Considering the associated
minimization problem for
general symmetric tensor fields, the well-posedness is established
in the space of symmetric tensor fields of bounded deformation, a
generalization of the space of functions of bounded
variation. Convergence for vanishing noise level is shown in
a multiple regularization parameter framework in terms of the
naturally arising notion of TGV-strict convergence.
Finally, some basic properties, in particular non-equivalence for
different parameters, are discussed for this notion.
Efficient bond price approximations in non-linear equilibrium-based term structure models
Authors: Andreasen Martin M. , Zabczyk Pawel 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper develops an efficient method to compute higher-order perturbation approximations of bond prices. At third order, our approach can significantly shorten the approximation process and its precision exceeds the log-normal method and a procedure using consol bonds. The efficiency gains greatly facilitate any estimation which is illustrated by considering a long-run risk model for the US. Allowing for an unconstrained intertemporal elasticity of substitution enhances the model’s fit, and we see further improvements when incorporating stochastic volatility and external habits.
Bilateral neck exploration in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and discordant imaging results: a single-centre study
Authors: Philippon Melanie , Guerin Carole , Taieb David , Vaillant Josiane , Morange Isabelle , Brue Thierry , Conte-Devolx Bernard , Henry Jean-Franois , Slotema Evelyne , Sebag Frederic , Castinetti Frederic 
Published: February 2014

IntroductionFocused parathyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with concordant positive imaging. Bilateral cervical exploration is performed for cases with discordant imaging, yet more than 70% of those cases are the result of a single-gland disease. As focused parathyroidectomy is generally costless and harmless, for cases with discordant imaging, we tried to determine whether preoperative characteristics can lead to a diagnosis of single-gland disease.MethodsThis study included 182 patients treated for primary hyperparathyroidism by bilateral exploration from 2009 to 2012 at La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France. We classified patients based on preoperative images and pathological results (single-gland or multiglandular disease). We then compared the demographical, laboratory and imaging results. We also asked a senior nuclear medicine practitioner who was blind to the ultrasound and pathological results to perform a second reading.ResultsOf the total number of patients, 15.4% had negative, 54.4% discordant and 30.2% concordant imaging. After reviewing the scintigraphy results, 8% of the cases with discordant imaging would have been classified as concordant with ultrasound. Subtraction scintigraphy obtained better results than dual-phase scintigraphy (concordance with ultrasound in 50 vs 31% with classical scintigraphy). For the cases of discordant imaging, no predictive factors of single-gland disease could be identified. Ultrasound and scintigraphy were similarly effective in determining the correct location of the abnormal gland.ConclusionDiscordant results of preoperative imaging modalities do not discriminate between uniglandular and multiglandular diseases in hyperparathyroidism. Diagnostic differentiation between the different causes of hyperparathyroidism requires improvements in imaging techniques and might benefit from subtraction scintigraphy.
Nano-Mg/Al hydrotalcite: Physicochemical Characterization and Removal of As(III) from Aqueous solutions
Authors: Ramos-Ramírez E. , Gutiérrez-Ortega N. L. , Rangel-Porras G. , Herrera-Pérez G. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTArsenic is one of the most toxic elements that can be found. Arsenic is mainly emitted by the copper, lead and zinc production, in agriculture as pesticides and herbicides. Two forms of arsenic are common in natural waters: arsenite (AsO33−) and arseniate (AsO43−), referred to as As(III) and As(V). The nano-Mg/Al-hydrotalcites present ionic exchange and adsorbent capacities. In this work, the physic-chemical characterization of nano-Mg/Al-hydrotalcites and his arsenic removal capacityis described. The solids were synthesized by the sol-gel method with Mg/Al=2 and 3 ratio. The solids and their thermal treated products were characterized by XRD, FTIR, DTA, TGA and N2adsorption. The solids were used as adsorbents As(III) in aqueous solutions. Adsorption isotherm studies of As(III) from aqueous solution are described. The adsorbent capacity was determined using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models. The As(III) adsorption isotherm data fit best to the isotherm Freundlich model. The maximum As(III) uptake capacity by nano-Mg/Al-hydrotalcites and the heated solids were determined using the Freundlich equation and were found to 547.46, 660.15, 799.88 and 739.12 mg As(III)/g HT-Mg/Al=2, HT-Mg/Al=3, HT-Mg/Al=2 at 350°C and HT-Mg/Al=3 at 350°C respectively. In the kinetic studies using 40 mg/L concentration of As(III) solutions was obtained an excellent removal capacity in contact times less at one minute.
A New Species of Atemelia (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea, Praydidae) Feeding on the Ornamental Shrub Mahonia (Ranunculales: Berberidaceae) in Chile
Authors: Sohn Jae-Cheon , Alba Margarita Peralta 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A new species of Praydidae, Atemelia mahonivora, sp. nov., is described from Chile based on adults, larvae, and pupae. This is the first species of Atemelia from the Neotropical region. Genitalia characters support the synonymy of Atemelia and Orinympha and the distinctiveness of Atemelia from Prays. Keys to all known species of Atemelia are provided. Atemelia mahonivora is a potential pest species of the economically important plant genus Mahonia. Berberidaceae is recorded as a host plant family of Praydidae for the first time.
Adaptations for Symbiont-Mediated External Digestion in Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)
Authors: Thompson Brian M , Bodart Jake , McEwen Crystal , Gruner Daniel S 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Wood-feeding insects face a host of physical, chemical, and nutritional barriers in their food resource. Wood-boring Hymenoptera in the family Siricidae are associated with mutualistic basidiomycete wood-rot fungi, which assist colonization and provide nutrition for their insect partner, though functional properties of this symbiosis are poorly described. In this study, we document the behavioral and morphological adaptations of the globally invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F., for foraging using its fungal symbiont Amylostereum areolatum (Chaillet ex Fries) Boidin. Larvae concentrated foraging near the border of fungal symbiont growth in pine xylem. Foraging larvae do not ingest bulk xylem tissue, but rather use specialized asymmetric mandibles to press xylem shavings and extract liquid fractions. Fluids drain toward the oral cavity via a sulcus on the occlusal surface of the left mandible. Processed shavings are expelled from the oral cavity without ingestion and passed along the underside of the larvae via peristaltic undulation to the rear of the feeding gallery. Larval midguts lack elaborated chambers typical in insects reliant on microbial fermentation of cellulose, and no xylem tissue was recovered from gut dissections. Larval behavior and functional morphology indicate larval S. noctilio do not ingest xylem, but instead use the fungus as an external gut for digestion of recalcitrant lignocellulosic compounds.
A New Look at Adaptive Body Coloration and Color Change in “Common Green Lacewings” of the Genus Chrysoperla (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Duelli Peter , Johnson James B , Waldburger Mario , Henry Charles S 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Green lacewings in the genus Chrysoperla are not always green. They can be yellow (autosomal recessive mutant); change from whitish-yellow to green as young adults; or temporarily turn yellowish, reddish, or brown during diapause. New findings on a yellow mutant in a natural population in southern California and on species-specific diapause coloration are presented, old findings are reviewed, and the adaptive value of color variability and color change in the genus is discussed.