bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trinuclear Half‐Sandwich RuII, RhIII and IrIII Polyester Organometallic Complexes: Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation as Antitumor Agents
Authors: Burgoyne Andrew R. , Makhubela Banothile C. E. , Meyer Mervin , Smith Gregory S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSchiff base ligands obtained from the condensation of 4‐aminophenylmethanol and either 2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde or salicylaldehyde were used to synthesise bidentate trimeric ester ligands. The trimeric ester ligands were used to prepare a new series of trinuclear polyester organometallic complexes by using the dimeric precursors, [Ru(η6‐p‐iPrC6H4Me)Cl2]2, [Rh(C5Me5)Cl2]2 or [Ir(C5Me5)Cl2]2. The Schiff base ligands act as bidentate donors to each metal. All compounds were characterised by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and EI/ESI mass spectrometry. Model mononuclear analogues were prepared, and the molecular structures of selected compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The mono‐ and trimeric ligands and the metal complexes were evaluated for inhibitory effects against the human ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780 (cisplatin‐sensitive) and A2780cisR (cisplatin‐resistant), and the model human skin fibroblast cell line, KMST‐6.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Few‐Layered TaTe2 and Its Application as Supercapacitor
Authors: Chakravarty Disha , Kumar Praveen , Ugale Vaishali S. , Late Dattatray J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report a simple and rapid microwave‐assisted synthesis of tantalum telluride (TaTe2) nanosheets. The ratio of tantalum pentachloride (TaCl5) and elemental tellurium (Te) powder were adjusted in the presence of NaBH4 in such a way as to obtain the TaTe2 nanosheet. The samples were characterized by various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV/Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and XRD. Our SEM, TEM, and AFM results show the formation of sheet‐like morphology, while the XRD data confirms the high crystalline quality and stable phase of the TaTe2 formed. The supercapacitor cells were fabricated by using TaTe2 nanosheets as anode material, platinum metal wire as a counterelectrode, and Ag/AgCl as reference electrode. The calculated coulombic efficiency is more than 95 %, while the cycle‐to‐cycle decrease in capacity is less than 5 %. The maximum discharge or charging capacity is below 2.4 W h/kg, which is an ideal characteristic for achieving supercapacitor behavior.
Trans fatty acid retention and conversion rates of fatty acids in tissues depend on dietary fat in mice
Authors: Saín Juliana , González Marcela Aída , Lavandera Jimena Verónica , Scalerandi María Victoria , Bernal Claudio Adrián 
Published: February 2015

Given that the effects of trans fatty acids (TFA) may be associated with the type of TFA isomer and the proportion of n‐3/n‐6/n‐9 fatty acids (FA), this work aimed to investigate the influence of different oils on the following parameters: content, incorporation, and retention of TFA; conversion of vaccenic acid (VA) to rumenic acid (RA) in different tissues; and hepatic output of TFA by VLDL. Another objective was to assess relative conversion rates of key FA and the potential alteration of FA composition induced by TFA in tissues. Male CF1 mice were fed (30‐days) diets containing 7% olive, corn or rapeseed oils either supplemented with 0.75% of TFA or without added TFA. FA composition of liver, epididymal adipose tissue, gastrocnemius muscle, brain, and serum was assessed. With the exception of the brain, TFAs were incorporated into the analyzed tissues and serum. TFA retention and RA bioconversion from VA depended on the dietary unsaturated FA proportions. The higher levels of hepatic RA in the liver of mice fed an olive oil+TFA diet could be associated with a raised Δ9‐desaturase index. The FA composition of tissues was scarcely modified by the consumption of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils containing similar proportions of t9‐, t10‐, and t11‐18:1.Practical applications: The present study evaluates the interaction of hydrogenated vegetable oils with different edible oils and the impact on the FA profile and, specifically, TFA incorporation and retention in the tissues. Since the characterization of FA present in tissues might be determining the biological effects of edible fats, this study is relevant for elucidation of existing controversial findings associated with the intake of TFA and its effects on human metabolic alterations.The levels of trans fatty acids (TFA) in a particular tissue might be related to different variables including: type and level of the dietary TFA isomer; uptake, metabolization and release from the tissue, and interference with different dietary fatty acids.
Evaluation of contamination associated with current blood spot technology for determining the fatty acid status of individuals
Authors: Liu Ge , Mühlhäusler Beverly Sara , Gibson Robert Alan 
Published: February 2015

A newly developed method for determining fatty acid status in samples of whole blood using collection papers was evaluated. Fresh blood was analyzed either directly or after being applied to a strip of blood collection paper. When compared with fresh blood, spotted blood samples exhibited a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids and lower percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially when the volume of blood spot was low, suggesting the presence of contaminants in the paper. This was confirmed by gas chromatography analysis of blank collection papers which produced peaks which corresponded with saturated fatty acids. Further studies revealed that latex gloves, aluminium bags and polyethylene bags also have the potential to contaminate blood spot samples during sample collection, processing, and storage. The choice of collection paper, gloves, and storage bags which contain the minimum amount of contaminants is therefore essential to reduce the impact of external contaminants on the blood spot fatty acid analysis results.Practical applications: This research shows that the choice of collection paper, gloves, and storage bags which contain the minimum amount of contaminants is essential to reduce the impact of external contaminants on the blood spot fatty acid analysis results. Moreover, this work shows the potential of using Whatman ion exchange paper in clinical trials that are aimed at measuring the fatty acids composition in dried blood spots, to provide more accurate results.Attempts to validate blood spot technology for determining the fatty acid status of individuals found that contaminants various sources may reduce the accuracy of fatty acid analysis results of blood spot samples. This study evaluates levels of contaminants in different collection papers to develop a method which would minimize the contaminant problem.
Benzoyl Peroxide Promoted Radical ortho‐Alkylation of Nitrogen Heteroaromatics with Simple Alkanes and Alcohols
Authors: Fang Lei , Chen Liangshun , Yu Jianjun , Wang Limin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA catalytic amount of benzoyl peroxide (BPO)‐initiated cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reaction of N‐iminopyridine ylides with simple alkanes and alcohols leads to the corresponding 2‐alkylpyridines with high regioselectivity in moderate to good yields without an additional reduction step to remove the activated group.
On the Effect of Backbone Modifications in 3,3‐Dimethyl‐1‐(trifluoromethyl)‐3H‐1λ3,2‐benziodaoxole
Authors: Santschi Nico , Matthey Coraline , Schwenk Rino , Otth Elisabeth , Togni Antonio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report on the effect of small side‐chain modifications to the structure of 3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐(trifluoromethyl)‐3H‐1λ3,2‐benziodaoxole (1b) on its reactivity, as expressed by the initial rate v0 in a model reaction, and show how the latter can be successfully correlated to an easily determined physical parameter p, a 13C NMR chemical shift. The relationship v0 ~ p is already present in the simplest starting material devoid of the hypervalent bond and the iodine core and, therefore, presents an interesting approach towards the future scaffold‐optimization of this class of reagents.
Synthesis, Structure, and Conformational Analysis of Nucleoside Analogues Comprising Six‐Membered 1,3‐Oxathiane Sugar Rings
Authors: Abou Assi Hala , Martínez‐Montero Saúl , Dixit Dilip M. , Chua Zhijie , Bohle D. Scott , Damha Masad J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report on the synthesis, characterization, and conformational analysis of 1,3‐oxathiane nucleosides of both pyrimidine and purine nucleobases. The novel nucleoside analogues were prepared from readily available starting materials as α/β anomeric mixtures. The purine nucleosides were obtained as separable N7/N9 regioisomers. The structures were identified by extensive NMR analysis. The X‐ray structure of the N7‐β‐OMe‐purine nucleoside analogue 16 shows that the 1,3‐oxathiane sugar ring adopts a perfect chair conformation with both the hydroxymethyl and the nucleobase placed in equatorial positions.
The effect of red on male perceptions of female attractiveness: Moderation by baseline attractiveness of female faces
Authors: Young Steven G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPast research has demonstrated the importance of color in a variety of social contexts, including human mating. For example, red increases heterosexual men's feelings of attraction toward women. In the current work, this basic red‐attraction link is qualified by the initial attractiveness of female faces. In two experiments, red enhanced men's ratings of female attractiveness, but only for faces pre‐rated as attractive; red had no influence on perceptions of initially unattractive faces. Additionally, Experiment 1 manipulated how long participants viewed attractive and unattractive faces as an exploratory test of when color and face features are integrated. The findings show that initial female attractiveness moderates the influence of red on judgments of attractiveness even when the faces are viewed for extremely short exposures. The present findings identify an important boundary condition of the red‐attractiveness effect and provide an initial indication of where in the processing stream color impacts social judgments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Electrochemical Compact Disk‐type Microfluidics Platform for Use as an Enzymatic Biosensor
Authors: Rattanarat Poomrat , Teengam Prinjaporn , Siangproh Weena , Ishimatsu Ryoichi , Nakano Koji , Chailapakul Orawon , Imato Toshihiko 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA novel centrifuge‐based microfluidic device coupled with an electrochemical detector for the determination of glucose in control human serum is described. The electrochemical compact disk (eCD) platform was based on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) material containing reservoir, a mixing chamber, a spiral channel, a carbon‐paste electrode (CPE) detector, and a waste reservoir. For electrode fabrication, a mixture consisting of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC), graphite powder, PDMS, and mineral oil was printed and formulated into a PDMS‐based electrode pattern. To enhance electrochemical sensitivity, a graphene‐polyaniline (G‐PANI) nanocomposite solution was cast onto the working electrode surface. During the rotation of the eCD platform at a rotation speed of ∼1000 rpm, a glucose solution and a glucose oxidase solution in separated reservoirs were mixed in a spiral channel to produce hydrogen peroxide by an enzymatic reaction. The produced hydrogen peroxide was determined using the electrode detector set at an applied potential of +0.4 V vs. CPE (pseudo reference electrode). Under optimal conditions, a linear calibration ranging from 1 to 10 mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.29 mM (S/N=3) and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.97 mM (S/N=10) was obtained. Various common interference compounds including ascorbic acid, uric acid, paracetamol, and L‐cysteine were tested. Finally, glucose in control serum samples containing certified concentrations were amperometrically determined and validated. Glucose levels measured using the eCD system matched actual values for the certified reference serum samples with satisfactory accuracy.
A pH Responsive Redox Hydrogel for Electrochemical Detection of Redox Silent Biocatalytic Processes. Control of Hydrogel Solvation
Authors: Contin Andrea , Frasca Stefano , Vivekananthan Jeevanthi , Leimkühler Silke , Wollenberger Ulla , Plumeré Nicolas , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe control of bioelectrocatalytic processes by external stimuli for the indirect detection of non‐redox active species was achieved using an esterase and a redox enzyme both integrated within a redox hydrogel. The poly(vinyl)imidazole Os(bpy)2Cl hydrogel displays pH‐responsive properties. The esterase catalysed reaction leads to a local pH decrease causing protonation of imidazole moieties thus increasing hydrogel solvation and mobility of the tethered Os‐complexes. This is the key step to enable improved electron transfer between an aldehyde oxidoreductase and the polymer‐bound Os‐complexes. The off‐on switch is further integrated in a biofuel cell system for self‐powered signal generation.
Roll‐to‐Roll Sputter Coating of Aluminum Cathodes for Large‐Scale Fabrication of Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Griffith Matthew J. , Cooling Nathan A. , Vaughan Ben , O'Donnell Kane M. , Al‐Mudhaffer Mohammed F. , Al‐Ahmad Alaa , Noori Mahir , Almyahi Furqan , Belcher Warwick J. , Dastoor Paul C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report the demonstration of sputter‐coated aluminum contacts directly onto P3HT:PCBM organic photovoltaic devices using a R2R process without detrimentally influencing the performance of the devices. The final sputtered devices do not require any protective buffer layers to produce efficient performance. Depth profiling analysis of sputtered films using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated the presence of a 5–6 nm insulating oxide layer generated at the cathode interface for all sputtering target power densities greater than 1.4 W cm−2. The aluminum penetration into the P3HT:PCBM film was found to be consistent with the depth of this oxide layer, suggesting that aluminum penetration into the organic film is not the primary reason for performance limitations in sputtered devices. Introduction of thermally evaporated aluminum buffer layers prior to deposition of sputtered aluminum cathodes demonstrated that the performance of devices after annealing matched those of reference devices prepared with no sputtering for a buffer layer thickness of only 20 nm. Further analysis of the device J‐‐V curves revealed an S‐shaped kink prior to annealing, indicating that the major reason for the poor performance in sputtered devices was the introduction of a charge extraction barrier at the cathode, which was subsequently removed upon annealing. Rigorous removal of oxygen from the sputtering chamber prior to aluminum deposition onto the P3HT:PCBM active layer was subsequently observed to produce a device with an efficiency close to that of the thermally evaporated reference device without the requirement for evaporated buffer layers. The results presented here highlight a pathway towards an alternative R2R cathode fabrication technique that allows the highly efficient aluminum cathodes employed in small‐scale devices to be transferred onto large‐scale, flexible, and low‐cost R2R printed organic electronic devices.
Acute toxicity of chemically and mechanically dispersed crude oil to juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Absence of synergistic effects between oil and dispersants
Authors: Dussauze Matthieu , Pichavant-Rafini Karine , Le Floch Stéphane , Lemaire Philippe , Theron Michaël 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

The goal of the present experiment was to assess the relative acute toxicities of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil (crude Arabian Light) in controlled conditions. Juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were exposed to 4 commercial formulations of dispersants (Corexit EC9500A, Dasic Slickgone NS, Finasol OSR 52, Inipol IP 90), to mechanically dispersed oil, and to the corresponding chemical dispersions. Acute toxicity was evaluated at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h through the determination of 10%, 50%, and 90% lethal concentrations calculated from measured total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations; Kaplan–Meyer mortality analyses were based on nominal concentrations. Animals were exposed to the dissolved fraction of the oil and to the oil droplets (ranging from 14.0 μm to 42.3 μm for the chemical dispersions). Kaplan–Meyer analyses demonstrated an increased mortality in the case of chemical dispersions. This difference can be attributed mainly to differences in TPH, because the chemical lethal concentrations were not reduced compared with mechanical lethal concentrations (except after 24 h of exposure). The ratios of lethal concentrations of mechanical dispersions to the different chemical dispersions were calculated to allow direct comparisons of the relative toxicities of the dispersions. The results ranged from 0.27 to 3.59, with a mean ratio close to 1 (0.92). These results demonstrate an absence of synergistic effect between oil and chemical dispersants in an operational context. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1543–1551. © 2015 SETAC
Humic substances alleviate the aquatic toxicity of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles to organisms of different trophic levels
Authors: Wang Zhuang , Quik Joris T.K. , Song Lan , Van Den Brandhof Evert-Jan , Wouterse Marja , Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

The present study investigated how humic substances (HS) modify the aquatic toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as these particles agglomerate in water and interact with HS. An alga species (Raphidocelis subcapitata), a cladoceran species (Chydorus sphaericus), and a freshwater fish larva (Danio rerio), representing organisms of different trophic levels, were exposed to colloids of the polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs in the presence and absence of HS. Results show that the presence of HS alleviated the aquatic toxicity of the AgNP colloids to all the organisms in a dose-dependent manner. The particle size distribution of the AgNPs' colloidal particles shifted to lower values due to the presence of HS, implying that the decrease in the toxicity of the AgNP colloids cannot be explained by the variation of agglomeration size. The surface charge of the AgNPs was found to be more negative in the presence of high concentrations of HS, suggesting an electrostatic barrier by which HS might limit interactions between particles and algae cells; indeed, this effect reduced the algae toxicity. Observations on silver ions (Ag+) release show that HS inhibit AgNP dissolution, depending on the concentrations of HS. When toxic effects were expressed as a function of each Ag-species, toxicity of the free Ag+ was found to be much higher than that of the agglomerated particles. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1239–1245. © 2015 SETAC
The flavour of fruit spirits and fruit liqueurs: a review
Authors: Śliwińska Magdalena , Wiśniewska Paulina , Dymerski Tomasz , Wardencki Waldemar , Namieśnik Jacek 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFruit spirits and liqueurs are among the most popular spirit‐based beverages made from fruits such as plums, cherries, melon, apple, citrus and pear. The types of fruits and production methods have a great significance for the quality of the final product. The production process of spirits consists of the following stages: fermentation, distillation and maturation. For this reason scientists started to investigate the composition of fruit spirits and liqueurs in order to monitor the changes occurring in the production process and to control the content of selected compounds negatively affecting human health as well as compounds influencing the flavour and aroma of spirits. Furthermore, studies investigating the authenticity of the products and the identification of their botanical and geographical origin were performed. This article is a summarized description of fruit liqueurs and spirits produced from the above‐mentioned fruits and the characteristics of commonly used techniques for quality assessment of both types of product. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate and robust adaptive mesh refinement for aerodynamic simulation with multi‐block structured curvilinear mesh
Authors: Su Xinrong 
Published: February 2015

SummaryA multi‐block curvilinear mesh‐based adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method is developed to satisfy the competing objectives of improving accuracy and reducing cost. Body‐fitted curvilinear mesh‐based AMR is used to capture flow details of various length scales. A series of efforts are made to guarantee the accuracy and robustness of the AMR system. A physics‐based refinement function is proposed, which is proved to be able to detect both shock wave and vortical flow. The curvilinear mesh is refined with cubic interpolation, which guarantees the aspect ratio and smoothness. Furthermore, to enable its application in complex configurations, a sub‐block‐based refinement strategy is developed to avoid generating invalid mesh, which is the consequence of non‐smooth mesh lines or singular geometry features. A newfound problem of smaller wall distance, which negatively affects the stability and is never reported in the literature, is also discussed in detail, and an improved strategy is proposed. Together with the high‐accuracy numerical scheme, a multi‐block curvilinear mesh‐based AMR system is developed. With a series of test cases, the current method is verified to be accurate and robust and be able to automatically capture the flow details at great cost saving compared with the global refinement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of Carbon Supported Nanostructured PtAu Alloy as Electrocatalyst for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell
Authors: İyigün Karadağ Ç. , Behmenyar G. , Boyacı San F. G. , Şener T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCarbon supported bimetallic PtAu electrocatalysts for sodium borohydride electrooxidation are prepared by a modified citrate stabilized NaBH4 reduction process at different pH and temperature values. The physical properties of the materials are characterized by X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Nano sized electrocatalysts have narrow size distributions and are uniformly dispersed on the surface of carbon support. Electrochemical performances of catalysts for sodium borohydride electrooxidation are tested with 25 cm2 single fuel cell. The highest performance is obtained at a peak power density of 161 mW cm−2 with 20 wt. % PtAu/C catalyst of 7.03 nm. Impact of the fuel cell operation parameters including concentration of NaBH4, flow rates of oxidant and fuel, and fuel cell operation temperature are investigated. The best operation parameters are obtained at 1 M NaBH4 concentration, 3 cm3 min−1 NaBH4 flow rate, 0.2 dm3 min−1 oxygen flow rate and 65 °C fuel cell temperature.