bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Dynamic Compaction and Mechanical Behavior of Reclamation Foundation Using Soil Tests
Authors: Fan Donghong 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The dynamic compaction method was used to analyze the consolidation of a railway foundation. Based on the physical characteristics of sands, the parameters of an extended model were proposed by the soil tests. Such model is powerful for investigations of mechanical behaviour of sands under the dynamic compactions. By comparing with experimental results, it is indicated that the dynamic compaction was an effective method for understanding the consolidation of railway foundations. So, the numerical model based on the infinite element analysis was very significant for the practical conditions without the boundary reflection under the dynamic compactions.
Initial field observations on Qaanaaq ice cap, northwestern Greenland
Authors: Sugiyama Shin , Sakakibara Daiki , Matsuno Satoshi , Yamaguchi Satoru , Matoba Sumito , Aoki Teruo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTo study the glaciological processes controlling the mass budget of Greenland’s peripheral glaciers and ice caps, field measurements were carried out on Qaanaaq ice cap, a 20 km long ice cap in northwestern Greenland. In the summer of 2012, we measured surface melt rate, ice flow velocity and ice thickness along a survey route spanning the ice margin (200m a.s.l.) to the ice-cap summit (1110m a.s.l.). Melt rates in the ablation area were clearly influenced by dark materials covering the ice surface, where degree-day factors varied from 5.44 mm w.e. K–1 d–1 on a clean surface to 8.26 mm w.e. K–1 d–1 in the dark regions. Ice velocity showed diurnal variations, indicating the presence of surface-meltwater induced basal sliding. Mean ice thickness along the survey route was 120 m, with a maximum thickness of 165 m. Ice velocity and temperature fields were computed using a thermomechanically coupled numerical glacier model. Modelled ice temperature, obtained by imposing estimated annual mean air temperature as the surface boundary condition, was substantially lower than implied by the observed ice velocity. This result suggests that the ice dynamics and thermodynamics of the ice cap are significantly influenced by heat transfer from meltwater and changing ice geometry.
Human Fires and Wildfires on Sydney Sandstones: History Informs Management
Authors: Jurskis Vic , Underwood Roger 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThere is a concept in fire ecology that some natural (pre-European) fire regimes were dominated by infrequent high intensity fires ignited by lightning. In Australia, some ecologists extend this to most or all ecosystems across the landscape. They regard contemporary human burning or prescribed burning as an unnatural disturbance that threatens biodiversity. Their particular concern is the potential extinction of slow maturing obligate seeders by frequent fire. However, a completely different picture emerges from study of Australia’s ecological history and prehistory. There is ample evidence that Australian vegetation was shaped by thousands of years of frequent mild burning by Aborigines. Infrequent, high intensity lightning fires affected only small areas of wet forests in refuges that were physically protected from mild fires. We present a case study of ecosystems on the Sydney sandstones to demonstrate that a regime of infrequent high intensity wildfires since European settlement has caused structural changes and reduced spatial diversity. This has put many fire dependent plants at a competitive disadvantage and increased their susceptibility to disease. We argue that biodiversity, ecosystem health, and fire safety are threatened by lack of frequent mild fire. Ecological theory should build on ecological history. Australia is fortunate in having comprehensive historical records of Aboriginal burning against which paleoecological data can be calibrated. We emphasize the importance of using historical information to interpret ecological studies and inform fire management.
Unauthorized Firesetting as Socioecological Disturbance: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Incendiary Wildfires in Georgia, USA, 1987–2010
Authors: Coughlan Michael R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractI analyzed the spatiotemporal patterning of intentional, unauthorized landscape fires in the state of Georgia, USA, for the years 1987 through 2010 with the aim of delineating socioecological constraints on and firesetter preferences for the timing and placement of ignitions. Unauthorized fires represent complex phenomena through which actors compete over social and ecological outcomes that transcend the spatiotemporal confines of individual fires themselves. Current classificatory systems define unauthorized firesetting behavior as irrational, destructive, and malicious. Because landscape fires cause both positive and negative consequences for biological diversity and ecosystems services, perceived costs and benefits of fires are contestable and relative to point of view. The locational and temporal patterns of unauthorized landscape fires examined in this study do not show firesetter preferences for maximizing damage to landscapes. Instead, unauthorized fires in Georgia potentially contribute to the maintenance of landscapes adapted to frequent, dormant- and early growing-season fire regimes.
Summary of the IADR Cariology Research, Craniofacial Biology, and Mineralized Tissue Groups Symposium, Iguaçu Falls, Brazil, June 2012: Gene-environment Interactions and Epigenetics in Oral Diseases: Enamel Formation and its Clinical Impact on Tooth Defects, Caries, and Erosion
Authors: Modesto Adriana , Klein Ophir , Tenuta Livia M.A. , Gerlach Raquel F. , Vieira Alexandre R. 
Published: December 2013

Characteristics of enamel may influence or modulate individual susceptibility to caries and erosion. These characteristics are defined during development, which is under strict genetic control, but can easily be modified in many ways by environmental factors. In the symposium, translational aspects of embryology, biochemistry, and genetics of amelogenesis were presented. The symposium provided unique insight into how basic sciences integrate with clinically relevant problems. The need for improved understanding of risks at the individual level, taking into consideration both environmental exposures and genetic background, was presented. The symposium was divided into four stepwise and interconnected topics as follows: 1) The Many Faces of Enamel Development; 2) Enamel Pathogenesis: Biochemistry Lessons; 3) Environmental Factors on Enamel Formation; and, 4) Genetic Variation in Enamel Formation Genes.
Socio‐economic, behavioural, (neuro)psychological and clinical determinants of HRQoL in people living with HIV in Belgium: a pilot study
Authors: Degroote Sophie , Vogelaers Dirk P. , Vermeir Peter , Mariman An , De Rick Ann , Van Der Gucht Bea , Pelgrom Jolanda , Van Wanzeele Filip , Verhofstede Chris , Vandijck Dominique M. 
Published: December 2013

IntroductionDue to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV‐1 infection has evolved from a lethal to a chronic disease. As such, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an important outcome variable. The purpose of this study was to identify socio‐economic, behavioural, (neuro)psychological and clinical determinants of HRQoL among people living with HIV (PLHIV).MethodsThis study was conducted between 1 January and 31 December 2012 at the AIDS Reference Centre of Ghent University Hospital, a tertiary care referral centre in Belgium. Validated self‐report questionnaires were administered to collect socio‐demographic data, to assess HRQoL (Medical Outcomes Study‐HIV), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory‐II) and adherence to HAART (Short Medication Adherence Questionnaire) and to screen for neurocognitive dysfunction.ResultsA total of 237 people participated, among whom 187 (78.9%) were male. Mean age was 45.8±10.7 years and 144 (63.7%, 144/226) participants were homosexual. Median physical and mental health score (PHS, MHS) were 55.6 (IQR 48.2–60.6) and 52.0 (IQR 44.2–57.9), respectively. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that incapacity to work, depressive symptoms, neurocognitive complaints (NCCs), dissatisfaction with the patient–physician relationship and non‐adherence were all negatively associated with HRQoL.ConclusionsSocio‐economic (work status), behavioural (adherence) and (neuro)psychological (depressive symptoms, NCCs) determinants independently impact HRQoL among this cohort of PLHIV. Clinical parameters (viral load, CD4 cell count) were not independently associated with HRQoL.
Geotail observation of counter directed ESWs associated with the separatrix of magnetic reconnection in the near‐Earth magnetotail
Authors: Li S. Y. , Omura Y. , Lembège B. , Deng X. H. , Kojima H. , Saito Y. , Zhang S. F. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA sub‐Alfve´nic jet in the tailward outflow region near the separatrix of the magnetic reconnection is observed by Geotail on 9 February 1995. Several dozens of electrostatic solitary waves/pulses (ESWs) are observed, respectively, on the current sheet‐side and the lobe‐side of the separatrix. The ESWs on the current sheet‐side are of type‐B with direction outward (toward to the tailward) while on the lobe‐side they are of type‐A directed to X‐line. The amplitude of ESWs on the current sheet‐side is about 6 times more than those on the lobe‐side, suggesting that energies flowing outward from the reconnection X‐line are much larger than those flowing inward. Moreover, observations show, that electron beams associated with ESWs, which are parallel to the ambient magnetic field, are much stronger on the current sheet‐side than on the lobe‐side of the separatrix. Furthermore, the direction of the electron beam on the lobe‐side of the separatrix is mainly antiparallel to the ambient magnetic field and it is mainly parallel on the current sheet‐side. Both are consistent with the propagation of ESWs which is in agreement with the generation mechanism of ESWs, which is suggested to be related to electron beams. These results are helpful for solving the issue of ESWs' generation mechanism associated with magnetic reconnection. It also provides an important clue for understanding the fast energy release during the magnetic reconnection process.
Quantifying the global carbon cycle response to volcanic stratospheric aerosol radiative forcing using Earth System Models
Authors: Foley A. M. , Willeit M. , Brovkin V. , Feulner G. , Friend A. D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractLarge volcanic eruptions can have a significant cooling effect on climate, which is evident in both modern and palaeo data. However, due to the difficulty of disentangling volcanic and other influences in the modern atmospheric CO2 record, and uncertainties associated with palaeo reconstructions of atmospheric CO2, the magnitude of the carbon cycle response to volcanically induced climatic changes is difficult to quantify. In this study, three Earth System Models (SIMEARTH, CLIMBER‐2, and CLIMBER LPJ) are used to simulate the effects of different magnitudes of volcanic eruption, from relatively small (e.g., Mount Pelée, 1902) to very large (e.g., the 1258 ice core event), on the coupled global climate‐carbon cycle system. These models each use different, but justifiable, parameterizations to simulate the global carbon cycle and climate. Key differences include how soil respiration and net primary productivity respond to temperature and atmospheric CO2. All models simulate global surface cooling in response to volcanic events. In response to a Mount Pinatubo‐equivalent eruption, the modelled temperature decrease is 0.3°C to 0.4°C and atmospheric CO2 decreases by 1.1 ppm to 3.4 ppm. The initial response time of climate to volcanic forcing and subsequent recovery time vary little with changes in the size of the forcing. Response times for vegetation and soil carbon are relatively consistent across forcings for each model. However, results indicate that there is significant uncertainty concerning the response of the carbon cycle to volcanic eruptions. Suggestions for future research directed at reducing this uncertainty are given.
Detecting Deception in Non‐Native English Speakers
Authors: Evans Jacqueline R. , Michael Stephen W. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe ability to accurately assess credibility is important in countless situations, including many in which individuals being assessed are not speaking their native language. There is reason to believe that native and non‐native speakers may behave differently when lying and that detectors may have a bias to believe non‐native speakers are lying. However, very little is known about detecting deception in non‐native speakers, and the few existing studies have not resulted in consistent findings. The current research compared the ability to detect lies and truths in native speakers with that in non‐native speakers and looked at differences in the cues displayed via the Psychologically Based Credibility Assessment Tool. Results from two samples with different demographic characteristics and backgrounds indicated that there was a bias to believe that non‐native speakers were lying. These results may have implications regarding the use of interpreters in settings where credibility is being assessed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Iodine‐Mediated Domino Reaction for the Synthesis of Benzamides, 2,2‐Diazidobenzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones and Benzoxazolones
Authors: Rajendar K. , Kant Ruchir , Narender T. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA simple and efficient domino protocol has been developed for the preparation of biologically important benzamides, 2,2‐diazidobenzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones and benzoxazolones from various structurally and electronically divergent acetophenones and ortho‐hydroxyacetophenones in the presence of molecular iodine, sodium azide and sodium bicarbonate at 100 °C in good to excellent yields.magnified image
Visualizing infection spread: Dual‐color fluorescent reporting of virus–host interactions
Authors: Swick Adam , Baltes Ashley , Yin John 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough the molecular mechanisms by which host cells defend themselves against viral infection have been studied in great depth, and countermeasures viruses employ to suppress such defensive responses have been widely documented, relatively little attention has been devoted toward elucidating how such interactions between virus and host are resolved over multiple rounds of infection. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and validation of a dual‐color fluorescent reporter system to study how viral infections spread through a host cell monolayer and how the cellular innate immune system mounts an antiviral response. We employed recombinant, red fluorescent protein expressing mutants of a prototypical RNA virus, vesicular stomatitis virus to enable identification and tracking of infected cells. Further, we generated stable reporter cells that use green fluorescent protein to report on the expression of IFIT2, an interferon stimulated gene involved in the interference of viral protein translation, and a marker of antiviral defense activation. The presence of the fluorescent protein reporters had minimal effects on the normal behavior of the cells or viruses. Moreover, expression of the virus and cell reporters correlated with the kinetics of viral replication and activation of an anti‐viral response, respectively. This two‐color system enabled us to track and quantify in live cells how viral replication and activation of host defensive responses play out over multiple rounds of infection. Initial study of propagating infections demonstrated that antiviral activation over multiple rounds was critical for slowing and ultimately halting the spread of infection. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1200–1209. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter sapien valve implantation in a native tricuspid valve after failed surgical repair
Authors: Kefer Joelle , Sluysmans Thierry , Vanoverschelde Jean‐Louis 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesWe describe the first report of a transcatheter Sapien implantation in a native tricuspid valve after multiple failed surgical repairs with a lack of prosthetic material and radiographic landmarks.Methods and ResultsA 47‐year old female underwent multiple valve repairs and replacements including three tricuspid valve repairs without surgical ring or bioprosthesis implantation. She developed signs of right heart failure associated with a mixed tricuspid disease combining a severe stenosis and regurgitation. After surgical turn down, a revalvulation using a transcatheter approach was attempted. The challenges in this case were the absence of a stiff region to anchor the percutaneous valve, the lack of radiographic landmarks and the difficulties of precise annulus measurements. The applied strategy was ‐under general anesthesia and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation‐: balloon sizing, prestenting of the tricuspid annulus using covered stents followed by Sapien valve implantation through the femoral vein under fluoroscopy and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The procedure was successfull, solving the tricuspid leak and stenosis (peak gradient from 22 to 3 mm Hg) using two Sapien for a perfect positioning. It was complicated by pulmonary bleeding due to a distal wire exit, treated successfully by coil embolization. The clinical and echocardiographic outcome was good up to 5 months.ConclusionsTranscatheter Sapien valve implantation in a native tricuspid valve after failed multiple surgical repairs is feasible by the femoral vein. Technical challenges due to the lack of rigid landing zone and fluoroscopic markers were solved by prestenting and valve implantation under bi‐plane fluoroscopic and TEE guidance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Duodenal perforation associated with norovirus and rotavirus gastroenteritis
Authors: Ueda Norishi , Shimotake Takashi , Ohama Kazunori 
Published: December 2013

Key Clinical MessageNorovirus (NoV) and rotavirus (RV) gastroenteritis are usually self‐limiting. However, few pediatric cases of bowel perforation and no duodenal perforation with NoV gastroenteritis were reported. We describe two children with duodenal perforation due to NoV or RV gastroenteritis. Suspicion for this association enables prompt intervention, preventing lethal outcomes of these common infections.
Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by Surface‐Active Ruthenium and Rhodium Complexes in Water
Authors: Kalsin Alexander M. , Peganova Tat'yana A. , Novikov Valentin V. , Zhamoytina Alexandra I. , Gonsalvi Luca , Peruzzini Maurizio 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn improved, high‐yield, one‐pot synthetic procedure for water‐soluble ligands functionalized with trialkyl ammonium side groups H2N(CH2)2NHSO2‐p‐C6H4CH2[NMe2(CnH2n+1)]+ ([HLn]+; n=8, 16) was developed. The corresponding new surface‐active complexes [(p‐cymene)RuCl(Ln)] and [Cp*RhCl(Ln)] (Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) were prepared and characterized. For n=16 micelles are formed in water at concentrations as low as 0.6 mM, as demonstrated by surface‐tension measurements. The complexes were used for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of ketones with formate in water. Highly active catalyst systems were obtained in the case of complexes bearing C16 tails due to their ability to be adsorbed at the water/substrate interface. The scope of these catalyst systems in aqueous solutions was extended from partially water soluble aryl alkyl ketones (acetophenone, butyrophenone) to hydrophobic dialkyl ketones (2‐dodecanone).
Synthesis, Solid‐State NMR Characterization, and Application for Hydrogenation Reactions of a Novel Wilkinson’s‐Type Immobilized Catalyst
Authors: Abdulhussain Safaa , Breitzke Hergen , Ratajczyk Tomasz , Grünberg Anna , Srour Mohamad , Arnaut Danjela , Weidler Heiko , Kunz Ulrike , Kleebe Hans Joachim , Bommerich Ute , Bernarding Johannes , Gutmann Torsten , Buntkowsky Gerd 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSilica nanoparticles (SiNPs) were chosen as a solid support material for the immobilization of a new Wilkinson’s‐type catalyst. In a first step, polymer molecules (poly(triphenylphosphine)ethylene (PTPPE); 4‐diphenylphosphine styrene as monomer) were grafted onto the silica nanoparticles by surface‐initiated photoinferter‐mediated polymerization (SI‐PIMP). The catalyst was then created by binding rhodium (Rh) to the polymer side chains, with RhCl3⋅x H2O as a precursor. The triphenylphosphine units and rhodium as RhI provide an environment to form Wilkinson’s catalyst‐like structures. Employing multinuclear (31P, 29Si, and 13C) solid‐state NMR spectroscopy (SSNMR), the structure of the catalyst bound to the polymer and the intermediates of the grafting reaction have been characterized. Finally, first applications of this catalyst in hydrogenation reactions employing para‐enriched hydrogen gas (PHIP experiments) and an assessment of its leaching properties are presented.
A Racemic and Enantiopure Unsymmetric Diiron(III) Complex with a Chiral o‐Carborane‐Based Pyridylalcohol Ligand: Combined Chiroptical, Magnetic, and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Di Salvo Florencia , Tsang Min Ying , Teixidor Francesc , Viñas Clara , Planas José Giner , Crassous Jeanne , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Aliaga‐Alcalde Núria , Ruiz Eliseo , Coquerel Gerard , Clevers Simon , Dupray Valerie , Choquesillo‐Lazarte Duane , Light Mark E. , Hursthouse Michael B. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe design of molecule‐based systems combining magnetic, chiroptical and second‐order optical nonlinear properties is still very rare. We report an unusually unsymmetric diiron(III) complex 1, in which three bulky chiral carboranylpyridinealkoxide ligands (oCBhmp−) bridge both metal ions and the complex shows the above‐mentioned properties. The introduction of o‐carborane into the 2‐(hydroxymethyl)pyridine (hmpH) architecture significantly alters the coordination of the simple or aryl‐substituted 2‐hmpH. The unusual architecture observed in 1 seems to be triggered by the poor nucleophilicity of our alkoxide ligand (oCBhmp−). A very rare case of spontaneous resolution takes place on precipitation or exposure to solvent vapor for the bulk compound, as confirmed by a combination of single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, second‐harmonic generation, and circular dichroism. The corresponding enantiopure complexes (+)1 and (−)1 have also been synthesized and fully characterized. This research provides a new building block with unique geometry and electronics to construct coordination complexes with multifunctional properties.
Conjugated BODIPY DYEmers by Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Ahrens Johannes , Haberlag Birte , Scheja Anne , Tamm Matthias , Bröring Martin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBoron dipyrrin (BODIPY) DYEmers bridged by conjugating ethynylene and ethenylene moieties can be prepared through metal‐promoted metathesis reactions. Alkyne metathesis was advantageous over alkene metathesis and Stille coupling for BODIPY substrates, but also showed specific restrictions with respect to steric encumbrance and regioselectivity. All derivatives with unhindered rotations along the bridges reside in a coplanar minimum conformation. For a hindered β‐ethenylene‐bridged DYEmer, the shifts in the 1H NMR spectrum indicate a significant loss of coplanarity and conjugation. The electronic interactions of the BODIPY subchromophores, visualized by optical spectra and cyclic voltammograms, deviate significantly from those found for nonconjugated and excitonically coupled DYEmers. The observed properties can be rationalized in each case by the respective strength of conjugation through the α or β position, the degree of coplanarity, and conformational dynamics.