bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis on axillary lymph node metastasis rate in ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion
Authors: Li Xiongxiong , Zhou Can , Xu Ting , Ren Yu , Li Meng , Shang Jin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo address the question of axillary lymph node staging in ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCIS‐MI), we retrospectively evaluated axillary lymph nodes metastasis (ALNM) rate in a cohort of postsurgical DCIS‐MI patients. By analyzing these data, we aimed to generate clinically relevant insights to inform treatment decision‐making for this patient population.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Database, Wipe, and China Biomedical Literature Database to identify relevant publications in any language. All the analyses were performed using Stata 16.0 software.ResultsAmong the 28 studies involving 8279 patients, the pooled analysis revealed an ALNM rate of 8% (95% CI, 7% to 10%) in patients with DCIS‐MI. Furthermore, the rates of axillary lymph node macrometastasis, micrometastasis, and ITC in patients with DCIS‐MI were 2% (95% CI, 2% to 3%), 3% (95% CI, 2% to 4%), and 2% (95% CI, 1% to 3%), respectively. Moreover, 13 studies investigated the non‐sentinel lymph node (Non‐SLN) metastasis rate, encompassing a total of 1236 DCIS‐MI cases. The pooled analysis identified a Non‐SLN metastasis rate of 33% (95% CI, 14% to 55%) in patients with DCIS‐MI.ConclusionThe SLNB for patients with DCIS‐MI is justifiable and could provide a novel therapeutic basis for systemic treatment decisions.
Commissural alignment beyond coronary access: Accurate neo experience
Authors: Alasnag Mirvat , Al‐Shaibi Khaled 
Published: June 2024

Key points
Lifetime management of patients with aortic stenosis dictates the replacement strategy adopted while considering coronary access, valve degeneration, and future choice of valve.
Commissural malalignment should be stratified and not merely reported as a binary finding following transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
The implications of malalignment extend beyond coronary access to transcatheter heart valve hemodynamics and aortic regurgitation.
Advances in Bioinspired Artificial System Enabling Biomarker‐Driven Therapy
Authors: Wang Meixia , Zhong Huan , Li Yangbing , Li Juan , Zhang Xinxin , He Fang , Wei Ping , Wang Hong‐Hui , Nie Zhou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBioinspired molecular engineering strategies have emerged as powerful tools that significantly enhance the development of novel therapeutics, improving efficacy, specificity, and safety in disease treatment. Recent advancements have focused on identifying and utilizing disease‐associated biomarkers to optimize drug activity and address challenges inherent in traditional therapeutics, such as frequent drug administrations, poor patient adherence, and increased risk of adverse effects. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in bioinspired artificial systems (BAS) that use molecular engineering to tailor therapeutic responses to drugs in the presence of disease‐specific biomarkers. We examine the transition from open‐loop systems, which rely on external cues, to closed‐loop feedback systems capable of autonomous self‐regulation in response to disease‐associated biomarkers. We detail various BAS modalities designed to achieve biomarker‐driven therapy, including activatable prodrug molecules, smart drug delivery platforms, autonomous artificial cells, and synthetic receptor‐based cell therapies, elucidating their operational principles and practical in vivo applications. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives in the advancement of BAS‐enabled technology and envision that ongoing advancements toward more programmable and customizable BAS‐based therapeutics will significantly enhance precision medicine.
Gold Trifluoromethyl Complexes as Efficient Regioselective Catalysts in Alkyne Hydration
Authors: Ruiz‐Almoguera David , Ventura‐Espinosa David , Pérez‐Bitrián Alberto , Martín Antonio , Mata José A. , Baya Miguel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGold(III) complexes containing trifluoromethyl ligands are efficient catalysts in the hydration of alkynes, operating at low catalyst loadings, without additives, using environmentally friendly solvents and at mild conditions (60 °C). Hydration of terminal and internal alkynes provides the corresponding ketones in quantitative yields without special precautions as dry solvents or inert atmospheres. Remarkably, hydration of asymmetric internal alkynes proceeds with moderate to notable regioselectivities, providing mixtures of the two possible isomers with ratios up to 90 : 10.
A HAZOP of dust explosion testing and explosibility modelling using artificial neural networks
Authors: Alauddin Mohammad , Amyotte Paul , Schrader Anton , Addo Albert , Kamil Mohammad Zaid 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work presents artificial neural network (ANN) models to determine explosion severity parameters (e.g., maximum explosion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise) of given dust samples. ANN‐based models for explosibility parameters are presented for carbon black, zinc, urea, and oat grain flour dust samples based on data generated in a 20‐L explosion chamber. The optimal hyper‐parameters of the models have been explored using the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno, stochastic gradient descent, and Adam solvers. A hazard and operability study has also been conducted for each of the following to diagnose issues at different stages in developing the ANN‐based dust explosibility models: dust testing, model selection, parameter learning, and evaluation. Using different guidewords, the deviation of numerous factors from their design intent, causes, consequences, and specific safeguards have been provided for enabling optimal performance. This can be helpful in understanding, evaluating, and analyzing dust explosions for safer operation of industrial activities handling combustible dusts.
Blockchain‐based secure multifunctional data aggregation for fog‐IoT environments
Authors: Abbas Mehdi Madjid , Merad‐Boudia Omar Rafik , Senouci Sidi Mohammed , Belalem Ghalem 
Published: June 2024

SummaryData aggregation, in its basic form, has been widely used, and several solutions have been proposed for IoT environments. However, to calculate statistical metrics, detect anomalies, and predict future trends, we need to perform various data analysis functions on the aggregated data. Recently, multifunctional data aggregation (MFDA) has been proposed to calculate various statistical functions such as sum, mean, variance, covariance, and analyze of variance (ANOVA). The purpose of MFDA is to enable the improvement of decision making, resource allocation and system performance by providing diverse and varied statistical data. However, the existing solutions involving MFDA generate significant communication and calculation costs. Furthermore, they cannot prevent malicious aggregators from sending fake data. Recently, the Fog computing paradigm has been adopted in IoT environments to address various challenges and enhance the efficiency of data processing and storage. The blockchain technology has been integrated in various IoT applications to enhance the security, increase transparency, and facilitate decentralized data exchange and transactions. In this article, we propose BMDA, a blockchain‐based secure multifunctional data aggregation method for IoT‐Fog environments. BMDA employs an encoding function to structure the data before their transmission. Furthermore, to ensure privacy preservation, authentication, data integrity and to resist malicious aggregators, we employ Paillier homomorphic encryption, BLS signature, and blockchain technology. The security analysis demonstrates the robustness of our proposal, and the performance analysis in terms of computations and communications shows the effectiveness of BMDA compared to existing solutions.
Computational Studies of Nucleophilic Substitution at Nitrogen Center: Reactions of NH2Cl with HO−, CH3O− and C2H5O−
Authors: Dutta Siddharth Sankar , Lourderaj Upakarasamy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe atomic‐level mechanisms of the nucleophilic substitution reactions at the nitrogen center (SN2@N) were investigated for the reactions of chloramine (NH2Cl) with the alkoxide ions (RO−, where R=H, CH3, and C2H5) using DFT and MP2 methods. The computed potential energy profiles for the SN2@N pathways involving the back‐side attack of the nucleophiles show the typical double‐well potential with submerged barriers similar to the SN2 reactions at the carbon center (SN2@C). However, the pre‐reaction and post‐reaction complexes are, respectively, the N−H⋅⋅⋅O and N−H⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen‐bonded intermediates, which are different from those generally seen in SN2@C reactions. The SN2@N pathways involving front‐side attack of the nucleophiles have high‐energy barriers. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) along the proton‐transfer pathways were flat. In addition to the proton‐transfer and SN2 pathways, we also observed a new path for the methoxide and ethoxide nucleophiles where a hydride‐transfer from the nucleophile to chloramine resulted in the products Cl−+R'CHO+NH3, (R’=H, CH3), and was the most exoergic. A comparison of the energetics obtained used different DFT and MP2 methods with that of the benchmark coupled‐cluster methods reveals that CAM‐B3LYP best describes the PESs.
Investigation on the Crystal Structures of Molecules Related to 2‐(Benzylsulfinyl)Benzoic Acid, As a Support to the Studies on the Inhibition of Human Carbonic Anhydrases
Authors: Capozzi Maria Annunziata M. , Alvarez‐Larena Angel , Piniella Febrer Joan F. , Cardellicchio Cosimo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA recent interest attaches to the derivatives of the (2‐benzylsulfinyl)benzoic acid as inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs), an action that can be applied in innovative therapies. A set of crystal structures of six sulfides and six enantiopure sulfoxides related to this scaffold, taken from the literature, or derived from the work on the asymmetric synthesis of sulfinyl compounds, is investigated. The lattice energies of these structures are estimated by means of the Crystal Explorer 21 program. The weak interactions building up the crystal structures are identified, and their contributions are analyzed in comparison with the calculated lattice energies. The most stable conformations in the solid phase are identified. It is worth observing that the sulfides of the scaffold under investigation behave almost in the same manner; on the other hand, the presence of the sulfinyl group of the sulfoxides adds complexity, that shall be taken into account in future docking calculations of these molecules with the hCAs enzymes.
Weapons of mass construction: The role of the Australian Curriculum in political discourse
Authors: Anson Daniel W. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNational curricula influence, and are influenced by, political agendas. Understanding political enmeshment (both overt and covert) in curriculum development is therefore vital for ensuring transparency and quality in curricula. This paper analyses how the Australian Curriculum is represented in the federal Education Ministers' media releases. Using NVivo, media releases were inductively coded into two broad themes: (a) back to basics, overcrowding and phonics; and (b) Australian ‘truth’: History, democracy and identity. By organising political discourse into the narrative presented below, I argue that the Australian Curriculum is used as a weapon of mass construction. In other words, politicians use curriculum development and renewal to enforce particular subject positions and attack the other side of government. As a result, genuine curriculum renewal is stymied, with each new government claiming that it is correcting the mistakes of the previous government while appearing to make no tangible changes. The implications of this analysis are that greater transparency of political involvement is needed in curriculum materials, greater teacher autonomy is needed to adapt curricula to localised contexts and greater student freedom to contest curricula is needed to ensure robust literacy development and meaningful engagement with subject knowledge.
Short, early field research courses as a model to increase equity in ecology
Authors: Ruskin Katharine J. , Wood Zachary T. , White Holly C. , O'Brien Shannon , Allen Debra M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEcology lags among STEM disciplines in terms of recruiting and retaining undergraduate students from marginalized groups. A keystone element of many ecologists' training is an emphasis on field experiences at the undergraduate level, such as field research courses (FRCs), which involve undergraduates in research. FRCs and similar field experiences common in ecology (e.g., field technician position, thesis research) have been shown to increase feelings of self‐efficacy and belonging in students who engage with them, including students in marginalized groups. However, the design and implementation of many FRCs and other field experiences create barriers that prevent or limit successful engagement with marginalized students. Here, we present an established FRC model designed to decrease barriers to participation and propose strategies for assessing the success of such FRCs. We decreased many of these barriers by developing a sophomore‐level, one‐weekend, required FRC held at an ADA‐compliant research learning center in a national park at little‐to‐no cost to students. We review instruments useful for assessing the diverse positive outcomes of field experiences and present preliminary analysis for our course model, showing this course increases students' research self‐efficacy and sense of belonging. We believe that this course is a positive example of how intentionality in course design can generate a more equitable experience for students of ecology.
Bottom‐up effects drive the dynamic of an Antarctic seabird predator–prey system
Authors: Viollat Lise , Quéroué Maud , Delord Karine , Gimenez Olivier , Barbraud Christophe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how populations respond to variability in environmental conditions and interspecific interactions is one of the biggest challenges of population ecology, particularly in the context of global change. Although many studies have investigated population responses to climate change, very few have explicitly integrated interspecific relationships when studying these responses. In this study, we aimed to understand the combined effects of interspecific interactions and environmental conditions on the demographic parameters of a prey–predator system of three sympatric seabird populations breeding in Antarctica: the south polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki) and its two main preys during the breeding season, the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) and the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri). We built a two‐species integrated population model (IPM) with 31 years of capture–recapture and count data and provided a framework that made it possible to estimate the demographic parameters and abundance of a predator–prey system in a context where capture–recapture data were not available for one species. Our results showed that predator–prey interactions and local environmental conditions differentially affected south polar skuas depending on their breeding state of the previous year. Concerning prey–predator relationships, the number of Adélie penguin breeding pairs showed a positive effect on south polar skua survival and breeding probability, and the number of emperor penguin dead chicks showed a positive effect on the breeding success of south polar skuas. In contrast, there was no evidence for an effect of the number of south polar skuas on the demography of Adélie penguins. We also found an important impact of sea ice conditions on both the dynamics of south polar skuas and Adélie penguins. Our results suggest that this prey–predator system is mostly driven by bottom‐up processes and local environmental conditions.
Antibiotic Stewardship in the Management of Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcer Disease in Less Developed Countries
Authors: Abbas Zulfiqarali G. , Gangji Raidah R. , Uçkay Ilker 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiabetic foot ulcers in developing countries often become infected. The healthcare systems are often not equipped to conduct the culture and the sensitivity tests required for prescribing a targeted antibiotic treatment for diabetic foot infection (DFI).MethodsWe evaluate antibiotic stewardship programmes for DFIs, at every level of health care, with an emphasis on resource‐poor settings such as in Africa.ResultsThe management of DFI very often is adapted to the financial and practical realities of the resource‐poor regions. The application of the point‐of‐care Gram stain of deep tissue samples is efficient, rapid, low cost and ubiquitously available. Upon the identification of the predominant pathogen in the Gram stain, a semi‐quantitative preemptive antibiotic treatment can be started in accordance with the World Health Organization Aware, Watch and Restrict Essential Medicine List. This list is catered to every country and is a powerful tool. However, some basic knowledge of the local microbiological epidemiology is necessary to choose the most appropriate agent. We report our experience on using the rapidly available Gram stain for narrowing the preemptive choice of listed antibiotic agents, as an economic tool for antibiotic stewardship in DFIs.ConclusionsIn the practical and resource‐saving management of DFI, the ‘therapeutic’ use of Gram stains is not common in resource‐rich countries but should be added to the arsenal of the general efforts for antibiotic stewardship.
Ultrasensitive monitoring of Ciprofloxacin with green reduced graphene oxide@clay composite
Authors: Azriouil M. , Hrioua A. , Chhaibi B. , Laghrib F. , Farahi A. , Bakasse M. , Lahrich S. , El Mhammedi M. A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe accumulation of harmful residuals can lead to voluminous environmental problems and then negatively affect human health. For this purpose, it is necessary to focus on the development of a rapid and sensitive strategy for its monitoring. In this work, a green, fairly fast, inexpensive and sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed to determine and monitor Cipro residues in various samples such as environmental resources, wastewater, urine, and drug formulations (Flonox 500 Aflox 500 and Cifloxine 250). It consists of a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with clay‐supported reduced graphene oxide composite (GrGO/CL@CPE). The rGO was prepared using green and easily chemically converted GO (electrochemically prepared) to rGO nanosheets based on glucose (G) as a green reducing agent (GrGO). The proposed sensor demonstrates a high electro‐oxidation signal compared with other based sensors, and the oxidation potential was found to be reduced by around 35 mV. The GrGO/CL@CPE was used for monitoring Cipro in the range of 0.05–10 μM in phosphate buffer at a biological pH of 7 (PB_7) and it offered a low detection limit (DL) (S/N=3) of 0.048 μM. Furthermore, it was found to be capable of detecting Cipro in pronounced samples with excellent results, offering promising prospects for actual clinical assays.
The dynamic behaviour of flexible oscillators rocking and sliding on concentrated springs
Authors: Zhang Zheng‐You , Chatzis Manolis N. , Acikgoz Sinan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study presents the Flexible Rocking Model on Concentrated Springs (FRMCS), developed to investigate 2D laterally flexible oscillators rocking and sliding on deformable support media during ground excitations. In this model, concentrated vertical springs and viscous dampers simulate the contact forces from support medium at the corners of the body; the tensionless vertical contact element is linear in compression. Horizontal concentrated springs and linear viscous dampers simulate the frictional behaviour at the corners; the constitutive law for the springs models elastic deformations and sliding (according to Coulomb's friction law). With these elements, FRMCS can model the response of a rocking body which can experience sliding and free‐flight phases of motion. The consideration of the flexibility of the support medium enables the evaluation of the forces exerted by the support medium on the structure during an impact. In this study, the FRMCS response is first compared to a previous model where the support medium deformability and the effects of sliding and free‐flight are ignored. Then, the responses of four configurations, which feature either stiff or soft lateral springs and stiff or soft high‐grip support media, are examined under the influence of pulse excitations. Finally, to understand the potential influence of sliding, a configuration with a low‐grip support medium is explored. The comparative influence of lateral flexibility and support medium deformability and sliding is quantified with stability diagrams and various response spectra, describing structural force and moment demands.
Engineered brain‐targeting exosome for reprogramming immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastoma
Authors: Yang Jun , Li Yong , Jiang Shaoping , Tian Yuxin , Zhang Mengjie , Guo Shuai , Wu Pengfei , Li Jianan , Xu Lin , Li Wenpei , Wang Yushu , Gao Huile , Huang Yuanyu , Weng Yuhua , Ruan Shaobo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) severely impacts the response to various treatments, including systemic chemotherapy. Targeted reprogramming of immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment using RNA interference (RNAi) is largely restricted by poor brain delivery efficiency and targeting specificity. Herein, an acid‐cleavable transferrin (Tf) decorated engineering exosome‐based brain‐targeting delivery system (ACTE) was proposed to efficiently deliver small interference RNA towards transform growth factor‐β (siTGF‐β) and doxorubicin (DOX) to GBM site for combination chemo‐immunotherapy. The siTGF‐β and DOX co‐loaded ACTE, termed as DOX&siTGF‐β@ACTE (Ds@ACTE), is designed to specifically recognize the Tf receptor (TfR) on the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). Subsequently, Ds@ACTE undergoes acid‐responsive detachment of Tf within lysosome of brain capillary endothelial cells, leading to the separation of DOX&siTGF‐β@Exo (Ds@Exo) from the Tf‐TfR complex and enhanced BBB transcytosis. After crossing BBB, the separated Ds@Exo can further target GBM cells via the homing effect. In vivo studies validated that Ds@ACTE significantly downregulated the TGF‐β expression to reprogram the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and thereby reinforce the chemotherapeutic effect of DOX and DOX‐induced anti‐tumor immune response. The effectiveness of this strategy not only can provide thinking for designing a more intelligent brain‐targeting system based on engineered exosomes but also explore an effective treatment regimen for GBM.