bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПЕЛЛЕТ ИЗ ПОРАЖЁННОГО ГНИЛЬЮ ДРЕВЕСНОГО СЫРЬЯ
Authors: Сидорова Е.Н. , Онучин Е.М. 
Published: February 2025

Представлены результаты математического моделирования технологического процесса производства пеллет из поражённого гнилью древесного сырья. Для получения качественных пеллет предлагается автоматизированное добавление технического лигнина, что позволит регулировать содержание лигнина в измельчённой смеси в пределах допустимых значений.
Introduction. Development and implementation of new methods and technologies for the effective use of illiquid wood is an important issue. The most promising is the use of such wood in the production of pellets. However, it is necessary to add the technical lignin as a binder to obtain the qualitative pellets. The goal of this research is to mathematically simulate the process of pellets production from rot-affected wood raw material aimed at identifying the qualitative and quantitative relationship between characteristics of wood raw materials (degree of rot damage), technological operations performed, parameters of the technical means used, and the quality indicator of the pellets produced. Object and methods. The authors developed a mathematical model of the technological process of production of pellets from rot-affected wood raw materials and found the technical and technological solutions aimed at forming the necessary composition of the mixture of rot-affected wood and technical lignin and increasing the efficiency of production of pellets from rot-affected wood raw materials. Results and discussion. The paper presents a flat model of the changes in the concentration of lignin in the processed wood during the technological process and studies the quality of the pellets produced with the uniform addition of technical lignin which allows to obtain pellets that meet the standards for strength and abrasion. However, their ash content is higher than the required values. To solve this problem, a system of automatic control of addition of technical lignin to the wood mass, which enters a crusher, depending on the degree of rotting of the raw material was developed. Conclusion. The mathematical model of the technological process of production of pellets from rot-affected wood raw material, allowing to establish the qualitative and quantitative relationship between the degree of rotting of the raw material, technological parameters of the technical means, and the indicator of the quality of the produced pellets was developed. The automated control system will allow to create the necessary composition of a mixture of rot-affected wood and industrial lignin and increase the efficiency of production of pellets from rot-affected wood.
СЕЗОННЫЙ РОСТ PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. И PICEA ABIES L. (KARST.) В ТАЁЖНОЙ ЗОНЕ (КАРЕЛИЯ)
Authors: Кищенко И.Т. 
Published: February 2025

Цель исследований − изучение сезонного роста деревьев Pinus sylvestris и Picea abies. Задачи – установить зависимость интенсивности и продолжительности формирования хвои, стеблей и стволов от температуры воздуха. Исследования показали, что первыми (в мае) трогаются в рост стебли, через 1–4 недели появляется молодая хвоя и начинается деление клеток камбия стволов. Кульминация роста вегетативных органов происходит в следующем порядке: стебли, стволы и хвоя. Установлено влияние температуры воздуха на динамику формирования изучаемых органов.
The authors studied the peculiarities of seasonal growth of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies during three vegetation periods in the zone of coniferous forests (Northwest Russia). The length of stems of shoots of the second order of branching from the southwestern part of the crown was measured at a height of about 2 m from the moment of swelling of vegetative buds. The length of needles was measured every 5 days from the moment of budding of vegetative buds until the complete cessation of growth (at the base of the same auxiblasts). To study the seasonal radial increment of trunk wood of each accounting tree, wood samples were taken every 5 days after the start of cambium activity. Results. The studies showed that the growth of vegetative organs of the studied species began according to a particular progression. In May, stems start to grow. In 1-4 weeks after that, new needles appear, and division of cells of cambium of trunks starts. Culmination of growth goes in the following order: stems, trunks, needles. At first, growth of stems ceases, than needles stop to grow and, at last, trunks. In comparison with Picea abies, growth of stems, needles and trunks of Pinus sylvestris begins 16, 15, 6 days earlier. Culmination of growth begins 30, 15, 11 days earlier. Growth of stems for both species ceases simultaneously. Growth of needles and trunks for Pinus sylvestris trees ceases 10 and 11 days earlier, in comparison with Picea abies. Growth of stems, needles and trunks of Pinus sylvestris begins and reaches its peak at the air temperature lower by 4-6 °С and the sum of positive temperatures lower by 100-500 °С than for Picea abies. The air temperature regime at the end of the vegetative organ growth period is almost equal. The period of Pinus sylvestris stems, needles and trunks forming is larger for 17, 9 and 24 days in comparison with Picea abies. Conclusion. The study showed that Pinus sylvestris was better adapted to the severe conditions of the taiga in comparison with Picea abies.
Analisis Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Motivasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Marketing di Kota Pontianak Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 dengan Kepemimpinan Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Yakin Ikram , Heriyadi Heriyadi , Karsim Karsim 
Published: February 2025

Karyawan marketing merupakan ujung tombak perusahaan dalam memperoleh keuntungan, besarnya peran tenaga kerja marketing menuntut manajemen perusahaan untuk mengelolahnya secara maksimal. Kepuasan kerja menjadi salah satu faktor yang memberikan dampak positif terhadap kinerja karyawan sedangkan kepuasan kerja dipengaruhi oleh faktor Kompensasi dan motivasi yang diberikan. Pandemi Covid-19 yang lalu telah membentuk kebiasaan baru dalam lingkup masyarakat saat ini tak terkecuali dalam kinerja suatu organisasi. Hasil uji penelitian ini menunjukkan kompensasi, motivasi, dan kepemimpinan secara parsial memiliki pengaruh positif secara langsung terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan marketing sedangkan kepemimpinan sebagai variabel intervening terhadap kepuasan kerja tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Data Primer dikumpulkan melalui survei lapangan dengan menggunakan alat pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner kepada karyawan marketing dibeberapa perusahaan yang ada di Kota Pontianak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Analisis Jalur yang diolah menggunakan aplikasi SPSS.
الاتجاه العام لدرجات الحرارة في العراق وعلاقته بتركيز غازات الدفيئة
Authors: ميثم عبد الكاظم حميدي الشباني م. د 
Published: February 2025

يعد العراق من اكثر دول الشرق الاوسط مواجهة لتغير المناخ , اذ يتعرض الى العديد من التحديات البيئية واهمها تزايد درجات الحرارة فوق معدلاتها الطبيعي , وقد ارتبطت هذه التغيرات المناخية بتزايد الانشطة البشرية التي ادت الى تزايد انبعاثات الغازات الملوثة والمسببة للاحتباس الحراري.
هدف البحث الى ايجاد العلاقة بين الاتجاه العام لدرجات الحرارة في العراق وتزايد انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة (CO2,CH4,N2O,CFCS) . ولتحقيق هذا الهدف استعانت الدراسة بالبيانات المناخية للهيأة العامة للأنواء الجوية والرصد الزلزالي العراقية ,وبيانات انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة من قاعدة بيانات ابحاث الغلاف الجوي العالمية (EDGAR) .
اوضحت نتائج البحث ان مناخ العراق شهد تزايداً ملحوظاً في قيم الحرارة المسجلة خلال العقود الاخيرة فقد اتخذ المعدل السنوي لدرجات الحرارة اتجاهاً موجباً خلال المدة(1990-2019) اذا ازداد من (22.9مْ) خلال عام1990 الى (23.7مْ ) عام 2000 و (25.2 مْ) خلال الاعوام 2010و2017 . اذ بلغ معدل التغير السنوي خلال هذه المدة حوالي (0.322) . كما بينت الدراسة من خلال ايجاد العلاقة الاحصائية وجود علاقة ارتباط طردية واضحة وذي معنوية بين الاتجاه العام لدرجات الحرارة في العراق ومجموع انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة خلال المدة (1990- 2019) وفي جميع المحطات التي تضمنتها الدراسة , اذ بلغت قيمة r حوالي (0.562).
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МЕТОДИКИ ВОКАЛЬНОГО НАВЧАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ-АКТОРІВ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Савченко Ю. О. , Савченко Р. А. , Сохань М. О. 
Published: February 2025

У статті розглядаються особливості методики вокального навчання студентів-акторів за освітньо-професійною програмою “Акторське мистецтво” Київської муніципальної академії естрадного та циркового мистецтв, яка націлена на підготовку акторів театру, закладів культури та мистецтва, артистів розмовного жанру, а також викладачів початкових спеціалізованих мистецьких навчальних закладів. Наголошується на потребі в оптимізації освітнього процесу та впровадження нових підходів до викладання дисципліни “Вокал”. На думку автора, успішне формування компетенцій у галузі вокального мистецтва буде реалізовано лише за умови активізації образного мислення, уяви, музично-стильових та театрально-образних уявлень, регулярного збагачення естетичного, пізнавального досвіду.
Автором представлена та апробована методика поетапного вокального навчання студентів-акторів з урахуванням їхньої професійної специфіки. “Зерном” розробленої методики є введення в педагогічний процес навчання вокалу спеціальних фізичних вправ, спрямованих на зняття м’язових затисків, усвідомленого чергування напруги та розслаблення м’язів, що у свою чергу стає необхідним для правильного голосоутворення. Опорний принцип методики: у вільному тілі – вільний голос. Основним у представленій методиці є формування базових співочих навичок, задля чого використовуються: 1) спеціальні фізичні вправи, що сприяють зняттю зайвої м’язової напруги та закріплення навички глибокого та легкого дихання; 2) традиційні вокальні вправи у поєднанні з методом “фізичних дій”, що мають на увазі реалізацію образу (заданого емоційним посилом викладача) через рух і голос; 3) робота над різнохарактерними вокальними творами у русі, що дозволяє студентам-акторам зберегти рівне, кантиленне звучання незалежно від фізичного навантаження. Запропонована методика вокального навчання органічно поєднується з основними практичними дисциплінами освітньо-професійної програми “Акторське мистецтво, а майбутні фахівці одержують другу спеціальність викладача початкових спеціалізованих мистецьких навчальних закладів на основі однієї психофізіологічної бази.
Analysis of Rotation Speed Effect on NaCl Content of Salt in The Salt Washing Process
Authors: Sutoyo Edi , Siregar Tika Hafzara , Permana Sutisna Setya , Husaini Hasibuan Musta'anul , Aulia Putri Meilani , Fitriyah Atiqotun 
Published: February 2025

Salt is a solid and crystalline substance produced from sea water. The salt that we know has a collection of compounds whose main part is Sodium Chloride (NaCl) as well as several impurities such as Calcium Sulfate (CaSO4), Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4), Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) and others. The washing process needs to be carried out to remove impurities so that NaCl levels on salt increase. The washing process with stirring in several rotation variations was used to increase the NaCl content on salt. This research aimed to determine the effect of the rotation speed of the stirrer blade in the washing process in increasing the NaCl content on salt. This research used variations in rotation speed of 40 rpm, 80 rpm, and 120 rpm and compared the increasing trend with washing times of 15 minutes and 20 minutes. The experiment showed the best rotation speed in the washing process to obtain the greatest salt content is a rotation speed of 80 rpm. Experiment with variations in rotation speed with washing times of 15 minutes and 20 minutes showed that increasing the rotation speed did not have a significant effect on increasing NaCl content of salt in the washing process.
Low protein diets for pigs: where are we going?
Authors: Espinosa-García Nicolás S. , Figueroa Velasco José Luis 
Published: February 2025

Objective: To update the trends of advantages and disadvantages of using low-protein diets (LPD) for fattening pigs, as well as providing information on the direction of LPDs in future research.
Approach: The advantages and disadvantages of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) in the diet with supplementation of synthetic amino acids (AA) have been reported in recent years, in order to generate a sustainable swine industry.
Results: The reduction of CP in diets for fattening pigs saves protein ingredients, decreases not only nitrogen excretion but also feeding costs, without affecting growth performance compared to traditional diets.
Implications: The good response of reducing the amount of CP in pig diets is not unique; there are also unwanted effects in the pigs’ response to be considered. Therefore, the use of LPD for pigs needs further research to analyze the use of feed additives that maintain of improve the productive response and/or to avoid their negative effects on pork.
Conclusions: There are advantages and disadvantages of feeding pigs with LPD; however, there is the need to study the issue focusing on the reduction of the cost of feed and the protection of the environment from nitrogen excretion.
Serum surfactant protein D as a significant biomarker for predicting occurrence, progression, acute exacerbation, and mortality in interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: He Xing , Ji Jiaqi , Zheng Dan , Luo Zeli , Luo Linjie , Guo Lu 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveSerum surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a potential biomarker for the non-invasive prediction of interstitial lung disease (ILD) status. However, previous studies lacked comprehensively qualitative and quantitative pooled analysis methods to summarize the relationship between SP-D and ILD.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive literature search from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, and Cochrane Library, up to 16 December 2023. The Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was employed to evaluate the quality of each included study. Pooled analyses were primarily performed for weighted mean difference (WMD), odds ratio (OR), and hazard ratio (HR). Sensitivity analysis was conducted by sequentially eliminating one study at a time and reanalyzing the remaining studies. In addition, the trim-and-fill method was applied for correcting publication bias.ResultsMore than 3,561 patients with ILD from 41 articles were included for pooled analysis. The pooled results showed that serum SP-D levels were higher in the ILD group than the control group (WMD = 120.24 ng/mL, 95% CI: 72.45–168.03, p&lt;0.001). Additionally, SP-D levels among patients with ILD were significantly elevated in the acute exacerbation (AE) group compared with the non-AE group (WMD = 9.88 ng/mL, 95% CI: 2.64–17.12, p=0.008), and in the death group compared with the survival group (WMD = 32.98 ng/mL, 95% CI: 2.11–63.84, p=0.036). However, no significant difference was observed between the progression group and the stable group (WMD = 13.54 ng/mL, 95% CI: −23.68–50.76, p=0.227). In addition, pooled results demonstrated that serum SP-D was a reliable predictive factor for various outcomes associated with ILD: occurrence (OR=4.66, 95%CI = 2.46, 8.86, p&lt;0.001), progression (OR=1.003, 95%CI= 1.001, 1.006, p=0.033), and mortality (HR=1.002, 95%CI= 1.001, 1.003, p=0.023) of ILD. In contrast, there was no significant difference for predicting AE (HR = 1.004, 95% CI = 0.997, 1.011, p=0.240).ConclusionSerum SP-D is a significant biomarker associated with ILD occurrence, progression, acute exacerbation, and mortality. It remains essential to clarify the predictive value of serum SP-D levels concerning the disease status in patients with different ILD subtypes. Moreover, it may be beneficial to conduct a combined analysis of SP-D with other potential biomarkers to further enhance its diagnostic capability regarding the disease status in patients with ILD.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-5-0050/, identifier INPLASY 202450050.
Report on adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines in Iran: a comprehensive national prospective longitudinal analysis
Authors: Jamaati Hamidreza , Karimi Saeed , Arshi Shahnam , Zahraei Seyed Mohsen , Panahi Yunes , Nouri Fatemeh , Hajimoradi Maryam , Hasanzade Arman , Mokhtari Majid , Tayeri Katayoun , Abedini Atefeh , Mohamadnia Abdolreza , Tabarsi Payam , Sharif-Kashani Babak , Marjani Majid , Rashid Farokhi Farin , Hashemian Seyed Mohammad Reza , Hosseini-Baharanchi Fatemeh Sadat , Norizadeh Mostafa , Astani Bahamin , Noorali Sima , Ahmadi Farnaz , Shafaghi Shadi , Ghorbani Fariba 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated urgent vaccine development, raising concerns about potential vaccine adverse events (AEs).MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, conducted from February 2021 to December 2022, all individuals across Iran who received any COVID-19 vaccine dose and reported adverse events were investigated. Our aim was to evaluate these AEs based on the vaccine types, patients’ age and types of AES, and provide a comprehensive analysis.ResultsIn Iran, 155 million COVID-19 vaccine doses were administered, with Covilo (Sinopharm) being the most commonly vaccine administered (80.35%). Adverse events predominantly affected individuals aged 40-70 (45%). A total of 86,275 adverse events were recorded, with 92.7% classified as non-serious and 6 299 (7.3%) serious and among the serious cases, 279 were confirmed to be vaccine-related, with 46 resulting in fatalities and 233 requiring hospitalizations. The incidence of serious AEs was 0.41 per 10,000 doses. Serious AEs were more frequently associated with Sputnik V and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca), with 0.73 and 0.64 cases per 10,000 injections, respectively. Coagulation and thrombosis disorders were the most common serious AEs (29%), followed by neurological (24.7%) and cardiovascular AEs (15.8%).DiscussionIn conclusion, the AEs of COVID-19 vaccination were primarily mild and transient, while serious AEs remained exceptionally rare.
Non-linear association between CD4+ T-cell counts and mortality risk in people living with HIV: evidence from a 10-year cohort study
Authors: Sun Ruohan , Jia Huangchao , Kang Qiujia , Ma Yanmin , He Zichen , Ma Xiuxia , Yuan Jun , Guo Huijun , Xu Qianlei , Jin Yantao 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe study aimed to investigate the dose–response association between CD4+ T-cell counts and mortality risk in people living with HIV (PLHIV).MethodsData on PLHIV who had a high prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were retrospectively collected from the routine treatment database in Henan Province, China, covering the period from October 2003 to October 2021. We randomly selected 1,000 PLHIV from age groups 30, 40, 50, and 60 years who met the inclusion criteria as study participants. The Kaplan–Meier analysis, the Cox proportional hazards regression model, and the restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were employed to analyze the association between CD4+ T-cell counts and mortality risk in PLHIV.ResultsA total of 4,000 participants were enrolled in the study, with a follow-up period of 28,158 person-years. During this period, there were 941 (23.5%) deaths, resulting in a mortality rate of 3.34 per 100 person-years. The mean duration of follow-up was 6.77 ± 3.45 years, and the cumulative survival rate was 76.5%. The Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that as the CD4+ T-cell count increased, the hazard ratio (HR) decreased. The results of the RCS model demonstrated a non-linear association between CD4+ T-cell counts and mortality risk in PLHIV, with cutoff values for each age group being 382, 332, 334, and 215 cells/μL. The non-linear curve indicated that the HR decreased as the CD4+ T-cell counts increased. However, once the CD4+ T-cell counts reached their respective cutoff values, the curve showing the reduction in mortality risk began to flatten.ConclusionThere was a non-linear association between CD4+ T-cell counts and mortality risk in PLHIV. Although the cutoff values vary across age groups, they consistently remain close to 350 cells/μL. Therefore, considering a threshold of CD4+ T-cell count &lt;350 cells/μL across various age groups is crucial as a strategic approach to mitigate mortality rates among PLHIV.
Research trends and hotspots in the surgical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries of the upper limb from 2000 to 2024: a bibliometric visualization study
Authors: Ruan Jian , He Hekun , Li Xueyuan , Chen Hong 
Published: February 2025

PurposeSurgical treatment plays a crucial role in the management of peripheral nerve injuries of the upper limb, but little bibliometric analysis has been conducted on it. This study was aimed to examine the global trends and hotspots in the field of Peripheral nerve injuries of the upper limb.MethodsPublications on the surgical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries of the upper limb in the Web of Science database were collected between 2000 to 2024. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software was applied to visualize and analyze publications, countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords.ResultsA total of 751 articles were collected, the most active countries in this field were the United States and China. The authors with the most publications were Mackinnon, Susan E from the United States, and Xu WD and Gu YD from China. JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY AMERICAN VOLUME was the journal with the most published. Based on keywords, the current research hotspots primarily revolved around nerve transfer, brachial plexus and reconstruction.ConclusionThe results of this bibliometric study provide clinical trends and hotspots in the surgical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries of the upper limb over the past 24 years, which may help researchers to identify clinical trends and explore new treatment in the field of peripheral nerve injuries.