bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IgE‐mediated allergy to pholcodine and cross‐reactivity to neuromuscular blocking agents: Lessons from flow cytometry
Authors: Leysen J. , De Witte L. , Sabato V. , Faber M. , Hagendorens M. , Bridts C. , De Clerck L. , Ebo D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground:Immunoglubulin E antibody‐mediated allergic reactions to opioids are rare and difficult to document correctly.Objective:Assessment of the basophil activation test in the diagnosis of IgE‐mediated allergy to the antitussive pholcodine and associated sensitizations to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA).Methods:Three patients with a suspected IgE‐mediated allergy to pholcodine were investigated using skin tests, quantification of specific IgE, and flow cytometric activation of basophils.Results and conclusion:Flow cytometric activation of basophils, with simultaneous analysis of CD63 appearance and median histamine content per cell, is the only technique capable to correctly document pholcodine allergy. The negative predictive value of basophil activation tests might help to elucidate on the controversial putative cross‐reactivity between pholcodine and NMBA. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Distributed compressed sensing in wireless local area networks
Authors: Yang Hao , Huang Liusheng , Xu Hongli , Liu An 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYIn order to improve energy efficiency in the process of gathering data and transmitting information, compressed sensing (CS) has been applied increasingly in wireless local area networks (WLANs). In traditional usages of CS techniques in previous literatures, the sparsities of the signals have to be known beforehand, which is significant for the recovered results. However, it is difficult to realize precisely the structures of the actual signals in WLANs. Therefore, it is important to further exploit the reasonable practicality of signals in actual applications. In this paper, we present a spatial–temporal correlation model to optimize measure matrix of CS on the basis of a local region. Furthermore, two algorithms based on two kinds of situations are designed, both of which are pervasive data distributions in real environments. Our algorithms have been proven to be valuable and could be considered for actual applications. Experiments show that the signals could be reconstructed accurately and stably even if their sparsities could not be known in advance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Miniaturization design method and performance evaluation of prototype permanent‐magnet synchronous motor optimally designed by thermomagnetic field coupling analysis
Authors: Iwasaki Norihisa , Kitamura Hideki , Kitamura Masashi , Nakatsugawa Junnosuke , Enomoto Yuji 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper reports on the results of the miniaturization design of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, for which an optimal design technique based on thermomagnetic field coupling analysis is used. We derived the optimal solution for various motor flatness ratios and determined the relationship between the motor size and the flatness ratio. For motors with different flatness ratios, we calculated the speed–torque characteristics by considering the voltage, temperature rise, and demagnetization limits and compared them. Moreover, we manufactured and tested the smallest designed motor. The measured temperature rises demonstrated the high accuracy of the proposed miniaturization design. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(2): 58–66, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22279
Principle and basic characteristics of a hybrid variable‐magnetic‐force motor
Authors: Sakai Kazuto , Kuramochi Satoru 
Published: January 2013

AbstractReducing the power consumed by motors is important for energy conservation in the case of electrical appliances and electric vehicles (EVs). The motors used for operating these devices operate at variable speeds. Further, the motors operate with a small load in the stationary mode and a large load in the starting mode. A permanent magnet motor can be operated at rated power with high efficiency. However, the efficiency is low under a small load or at high speeds because the large constant magnetic force results in substantial core loss. Furthermore, the flux‐weakening current that decreases the voltage at high speeds leads to significant copper loss and core loss. Therefore, we have developed a new technique for controlling the magnetic force of a permanent magnet on the basis of the load or speed of the motor. In this paper we propose a novel motor that can vary the magnetic flux of a permanent magnet and clarify the principles and basic characteristics of the motor. The new motor has a permanent magnet that is magnetized by the magnetizing coil of the stator. The results of analysis show that the magnetic flux linkage of the motor can be changed from 37% to 100% and that a high torque can be produced. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(2): 47–57, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22309
New insight into motor adaptation to pain revealed by a combination of modelling and empirical approaches
Authors: Hodges P.W. , Coppieters M.W. , MacDonald D. , Cholewicki J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundMovement changes in pain. Unlike the somewhat stereotypical response of limb muscles to pain, trunk muscle responses are highly variable when challenged by pain in that region. This has led many to question the existence of a common underlying theory to explain the adaptation. Here, we tested the hypotheses that (1) adaptation in muscle activation in acute pain leads to enhanced spine stability, despite variation in the pattern of muscle activation changes; and (2) individuals would use a similar ‘signature’ pattern for tasks with different mechanical demands.MethodsIn 17 healthy individuals, electromyography recordings were made from a broad array of anterior and posterior trunk muscles while participants moved slowly between trunk flexion and extension with and without experimentally induced back pain. Hypotheses were tested by estimating spine stability (Stability Index) with an electromyography‐driven spine model and analysis of individual and overall (net) adaptations in muscle activation.ResultsThe Stability Index (P < 0.017) and net muscle activity (P < 0.021) increased during pain, although no two individuals used the same pattern of adaptation in muscle activity. For most, the adaptation was similar between movement directions despite opposite movement demands.ConclusionsThese data provide the first empirical confirmation that, in most individuals, acute back pain leads to increased spinal stability and that the pattern of muscle activity is not stereotypical, but instead involves an individual‐specific response to pain. This adaptation is likely to provide short‐term benefit to enhance spinal protection, but could have long‐term consequences for spinal health.
HOW SENSITIVE ARE RETIREMENT DECISIONS TO FINANCIAL INCENTIVES? A STATED PREFERENCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Van Soest Arthur , Vonkova Hana 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYWe study the effects of financial incentives on retirement decisions using stated preference data. Dutch survey respondents were given hypothetical retirement scenarios describing age(s) of (partial and full) retirement and replacement rate(s). A stylized model is estimated in which utility is the discounted sum of within‐period utilities that depend on employment status and income. Parameters of the utility function vary with observed and unobserved characteristics. Simulations show that the income and substitution effects of pensions as a function of the retirement age are substantial and larger than according to studies using data on actual retirement decisions in the Netherlands. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HEF1 promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition and bone invasion in prostate cancer under the regulation of microRNA‐145
Authors: Guo Wei , Ren Dong , Chen Xiuting , Tu Xiang'an , Huang Shuai , Wang Min , Song Libing , Zou Xuenong , Peng Xinsheng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe principal problem arising from prostate cancer (PCa) is its propensity to metastasize to bones, and it's crucial to understand the mechanism of tumor progression to metastasis in order to develop therapies that may reduce the morbidity and mortality of PCa patients. Although we had identified that microRNA(miR)‐145 could repress bone metastasis of PCa via regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in previous study, it is still unknown how miR‐145 regulated EMT. In the present study, we constructed a luciferase reporter system and identified HEF1 as a direct target of miR‐145. More importantly, HEF1 was shown to promote migration, invasion and EMT of PC‐3 cells, a human PCa cell line originated from a bone metastatic PCa specimen. And HEF1 was also shown to partially mediate miR‐145 suppression of EMT and invasion. Furthermore, inhibition of HEF1 repressed bone invasion of PC‐3 cells in vivo. Expression of HEF1 was negatively correlated with miR‐145 in primary PCa and bone metastatic specimens, but HEF1 was higher in samples which were more likely to commit to bone metastasis or those with higher free prostate‐specific antigen (fPSA) levels and Gleason scores. Taken together, these findings indicate that HEF1 promotes EMT and bone invasion in prostate cancer by directly targeted by miR‐145, and miR‐145 suppresses EMT and invasion, at least in part, through repressing HEF1. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1606–1615, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MRI of ovarian masses
Authors: Vargas Hebert Alberto , Barrett Tristan , Sala Evis 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMRI provides exquisite views of the pelvic anatomy through its high spatial resolution and tissue contrast, and as such plays a key role in the work up of ovarian lesions, identifying features that distinguish benign and malignant lesions. In the case of primary tumors it enables local staging and detection of metastatic disease to help guide management options such as complex surgery or the consideration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Functional MRI techniques such as diffusion‐weighted MRI (DW‐MRI), dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) and tumor‐selective molecular imaging are currently being evaluated as possible predictive and prognostic biomarkers in the context of ovarian malignancy, and may play a larger role in routine clinical practice in the future. Herein we provide an overview of the conventional and advanced MRI techniques used to characterize ovarian masses and of the role that MR plays in the staging, treatment selection and follow up of patients with ovarian cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:265–281. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A remark on the definability of the Fitting subgroup and the soluble radical
Authors: Houcine Abderezak Ould 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLet G be an arbitrary group. We show that if the Fitting subgroup of G is nilpotent then it is definable. We prove also that the class of groups whose Fitting subgroup is nilpotent of class at most n is elementary. We give an example of a group (arbitrary saturated) whose Fitting subgroup is definable but not nilpotent. Similar results for the soluble radical are given; that is for the subgroup generated by all normal soluble subgroups of G.
Is fetal cerebral MRI worthwhile in antenatally diagnosed isolated cleft lip with or without palate?
Authors: de Milly Marie‐Noëlle , Alison Marianne , Arthurs Owen , Vuillard Edith , Oury Jean‐Francois , Elmaleh‐Berges Monique , Sebag Guy , Belarbi Nadia 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the use of fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following an antenatal sonographic diagnosis of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P).MethodThis was a retrospective study of 92 fetuses antenatally diagnosed with isolated CL/P on screening ultrasound. All patients underwent expert diagnostic antenatal ultrasound, fetal brain MRI, and karyotype analysis.ResultsFive cases were excluded from the study as associated abnormalities were detected on expert ultrasound: corpus callosum agenesis (n = 1), retrognathism (n = 3), and ectrodactyly (n = 1). Fetal MRI diagnosed unsuspected midline cerebral abnormalities in four out of the 87 remaining cases (4.6%): vermis agenesis (n = 1), isolated arhinencephaly (n = 2), and suspicion of pituitary abnormality (n = 1). All karyotype analyses were normal.ConclusionIn CL/P, the incidence of associated cerebral abnormalities overlooked on ultrasound is 4.6%. Careful evaluation of midline structures by expert ultrasound in CL/P is necessary and may be sufficient. MRI can be useful if the US examination is limited or in case of family history. However, the choice to proceed to fetal MRI may vary from institution to institution. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kainate receptors in epilepsy
Authors: Crépel Valérie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractKainate receptors (KARs) belong to the glutamatergic receptor family and they are assembled from various combinations of GluK1–GluK5 subunits. In the central nervous system (CNS), these receptors are involved in fundamental neuronal operation‐like synaptic transmission. Thus, excitatory postsynaptic events with a KAR‐mediated component have been identiﬁed in diﬀerent structures of the CNS including the hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum, spinal cord, retina, and immature neocortex. A remarkable feature of KAR‐mediated synaptic events is their small amplitude and slow kinetics. These receptors also play a major role in the control of neuronal excitability via the modulation of transmitter release at both excitatory and inhibitory connections, and through metabotropic signaling. More recently, it has been discovered that KARs are also key players in CNS pathology as in temporal lobe epilepsy. Indeed, in this pathology abnormal synaptic connections in dentate granule cells (DGCs) operate via KARs not present in naïve conditions. These aberrant KAR‐operated synapses drastically alter the computational properties of DGCs. These latest discoveries open a promising and new vista for the development of novel antiepileptic strategies. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2013, 2:75–83. doi: 10.1002/wmts.80For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Management of Hemangioma of the Liver: Surgical Therapy or Observation?
Authors: Yedibela Süleyman , Alibek Sedat , Müller Volker , Aydin Ünal , Langheinrich Melanie , Lohmüller Clemens , Hohenberger Werner , Perrakis Aristotelis 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundElective surgery for liver hemangioma is controversial. We reviewed long‐term outcomes following elective hepatectomy or observation only for symptomatic and asymptomatic liver hemangioma.MethodsAll patients (n = 307) with liver hemangioma referred to our hospital for surgical evaluation from January 1988 to December 2009 were identified, and imaging results, tumor characteristics, surgical indication, surgical mode, outcome of observation, clinical and/or postoperative outcome, and adverse events were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsComplete median follow‐up for 246 patients was 124 months. Elective surgery was performed in 103 patients (symptomatic [n = 62] and asymptomatic [n = 41]). Postoperative morbidity occurred in 17 % of the patients and was significantly lower in asymptomatic patients (p = 0.002). No perioperative mortality was registered. Surgery relieved complaints in most (88 %) patients. In the observation group (n = 143), 56 % of patients had persistent or new onset of hemangioma‐associated symptoms. Major hemangioma‐related complications occurred in 12 patients (9 %) during the follow‐up period, and 2 patients died after traumatic hemangioma rupture. Overall the rate of adverse events was by trend lower in the surgical group than in the observation group (35 versus 57 %; p = 0.08).ConclusionsThe majority of patients with liver hemangioma can be safely managed by clinical observation. In a subset of patients, especially those with giant hemangioma and/or occurrence of symptoms, surgical treatment could be considered and is justified in high‐volume centers.
Synthesis, Characterization and Performance of Unsaturated Long‐Chain Carboxybetaine and Hydroxy Sulfobetaine
Authors: Dong Shuang‐jian , Li Yun‐ling , Song Yong‐bo , Zhi Li‐fei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe unsaturated long‐chain carboxybetaine and hydroxy sulfobetaine were synthesized by the reaction of unsaturated octadecyl tertiary amine with sodium chloroacetate and 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropanesulfonic acid sodium salt, respectively. The structures of the two betaines were characterized by IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The Krafft points of the two betaines are below 0 °C and the isoelectric points are at pH 8.2 and 8.0, respectively. The surface tensions (γCMC) at the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were measured to investigate the surface activities of the prepared compounds when the pH is equal to 4.0, 6.5 and 10.0 at 50 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the corresponding saturated betaines were synthesized and determined for comparison. The double bond in the non‐polar tail leads to a slightly higher CMC and a lower γCMC. Though the CMC of the unsaturated betaine is slightly higher than that of saturated betaine for the double bond in the non‐polar tail, the applied range of the unsaturated betaine is broader than corresponding saturated betaine for low Krafft point. The CMC and ГCMC of the four betaines increase, but the pC20 decreases, with increasing pH. As a whole, the impact of pH on the performance of the four betaines is not very obvious.
An Improved High‐Throughput Lipid Extraction Method for the Analysis of Human Brain Lipids
Authors: Abbott Sarah K. , Jenner Andrew M. , Mitchell Todd W. , Brown Simon H. J. , Halliday Glenda M. , Garner Brett 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe have developed a protocol suitable for high‐throughput lipidomic analysis of human brain samples. The traditional Folch extraction (using chloroform and glass–glass homogenization) was compared to a high‐throughput method combining methyl‐tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) extraction with mechanical homogenization utilizing ceramic beads. This high‐throughput method significantly reduced sample handling time and increased efficiency compared to glass–glass homogenizing. Furthermore, replacing chloroform with MTBE is safer (less carcinogenic/toxic), with lipids dissolving in the upper phase, allowing for easier pipetting and the potential for automation (i.e., robotics). Both methods were applied to the analysis of human occipital cortex. Lipid species (including ceramides, sphingomyelins, choline glycerophospholipids, ethanolamine glycerophospholipids and phosphatidylserines) were analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and sterol species were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. No differences in lipid species composition were evident when the lipid extraction protocols were compared, indicating that MTBE extraction with mechanical bead homogenization provides an improved method for the lipidomic profiling of human brain tissue.
Migration and Father Absence: Shifting Family Structure in Mexico
Authors: Nobles Jenna 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDespite many changing demographic processes in Mexico—declining adult mortality, rising divorce, and rising nonmarital fertility—Mexican children’s family structure has been most affected by rising migration rates. Data from five national surveys spanning three decades demonstrate that since 1976, migration has shifted from the least common to the most common form of father household absence. Presently, more than 1 in 5 children experience a father’s migration by age 15; 1 in 11 experiences his departure to the United States. The proportions are significantly higher among those children born in rural communities and those born to less-educated mothers. The findings emphasize the importance of framing migration as a family process with implications for children’s living arrangements and attendant well-being, particularly in resource-constrained countries. The stability of children’s family life in these regions constitutes a substantial but poorly measured cost of worldwide increases in migration.
Hyperconvex representations and exponential growth
Authors: SAMBARINO A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLet$G$be a real algebraic semi-simple Lie group and$\Gamma $be the fundamental group of a closed negatively curved manifold. In this article we study the limit cone, introduced by Benoist [Propriétés asymptotiques des groupes linéaires.Geom. Funct. Anal. 7(1) (1997), 1–47], and the growth indicator function, introduced by Quint [Divergence exponentielle des sous-groupes discrets en rang supérieur.Comment. Math. Helv. 77(2002), 503–608], for a class of representations$\rho : \Gamma \rightarrow G$admitting an equivariant map from$\partial \Gamma $to the Furstenberg boundary of the symmetric space of$G, $together with a transversality condition. We then study how these objects vary with the representation.
THE NATURAL PARTIAL ORDER ON THE SEMIGROUP OF ALL TRANSFORMATIONS OF A SET THAT REFLECT AN EQUIVALENCE RELATION
Authors: SUN LEI , XIN XIANGJUN 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLet ${ \mathcal{T} }_{X} $ be the full transformation semigroup on a set $X$ and $E$ be a nontrivial equivalence relation on $X$. Denote $$\begin{eqnarray*}{T}_{\exists } (X)= \{ f\in { \mathcal{T} }_{X} : \forall x, y\in X, (f(x), f(y))\in E\Rightarrow (x, y)\in E\} ,\end{eqnarray*}$$ so that ${T}_{\exists } (X)$ is a subsemigroup of ${ \mathcal{T} }_{X} $. In this paper, we endow ${T}_{\exists } (X)$ with the natural partial order and investigate when two elements are related, then find elements which are compatible. Also, we characterise the minimal and maximal elements.
Echinococcusinfections in Chinese dogs: a comparison of coproantigen kits
Authors: Huang Y. , Yi D.Y. , Liu L.L. , Huang L. , Yu W.J. , Wang Q. , Li Y.Q. , Han X.M. , Qiu D.C. , Wang H. , Xiao N. , Wu W.P. , Heath D.D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCoproantigen test kits forEchinococcusspp. worms in dogs, designed for commercial use, were obtained from three different Chinese producers, and were compared with a laboratory kit using reagents from New Zealand. None of the three producers would provide details of their test validation. From a known set of dog faeces obtained at necropsy from infected and uninfected dogs, and from faeces collected from dogs necropsied in the field, results differed between the kits. For field material, the Tiankang kit showed the best specificity but lacked sensitivity. The Combined kit showed best sensitivity but lacked specificity. Results for the Haitai kit were intermediate. With samples from experimentally infected dogs, both the Haitai and Combined kits lacked sensitivity. Kits will need to be validated by the user before they can be relied on to predict progress inEchinococcusspp. control in China or in other countries.
A Value-at-Risk framework for longevity trend risk
Authors: Richards S. J. , Currie I. D. , Ritchie G. P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLongevity risk faced by annuity portfolios and defined-benefit pension schemes is typically long-term, i.e. the risk is of an adverse trend which unfolds over a long period of time. However, there are circumstances when it is useful to know by how much expectations of future mortality rates might change over a single year. Such an approach lies at the heart of the one-year, value-at-risk view of reserves, and also for the pending Solvency II regime for insurers in the European Union. This paper describes a framework for determining how much a longevity liability might change based on new information over the course of one year. It is a general framework and can accommodate a wide choice of stochastic projection models, thus allowing the user to explore the importance of model risk. A further benefit of the framework is that it also provides a robustness test for projection models, which is useful in selecting an internal model for management purposes.