bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraocular pressure changes in equine athletes during endurance competitions
Authors: Allbaugh Rachel A. , Keil Susan M. , Ou Zhining , Bello Nora M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess intraocular pressure (IOP) in conditioned equine athletes and document changes with exercise. A secondary objective was to assess associations betweenIOPand heart rate, as well as with other subjective physical parameters.Sample populationHorses were evaluated during 50 mile endurance ride competitions. Data were collected on 69 horses during five different competitions at three different locations with 59 horses ridden once, nine horses ridden in two competitions, and one horse ridden in three competitions for a total of 80 horse‐ride combinations.ProceduresIntraocular pressure was measured using a TonoVet®tonometer in both eyes of each horse prior to, at two time points during, and immediately after endurance competitions. Heart rates and subjective veterinary scores were recorded on ride cards at each time point.ResultsFor horses with shorter finishing times (≤400 min),IOPdecreased by at least 3.1 ± 0.9 mmHg (least square mean estimate ± SEM) from baseline to the end of endurance exercise (P < 0.007), although upward fluctuation was apparent during the ride. For horses with longer finishing times,IOPdid not change significantly from baseline to the end of exercise. Responses also differed between horses awarded ‘Best Condition’ relative to other horses, whereby the latter, but not the former, showed an overall decrease inIOPby end of exercise relative to baseline (estimate decrease of 3.2 ± 0.6 mmHg;P < 0.001). There was no evidence for any association betweenIOPand heart rate, nor betweenIOPand subjective clinical scores.ConclusionsIntraocular pressure fluctuated in horses during endurance riding competitions.
Canine low‐grade intra‐orbital myxosarcoma: case report
Authors: Campos Cecília B. , Nunes Fernanda C. , Gamba Conrado O. , Damasceno Karine A. , Souza Cristina M. , Campos Liliane C. , Cassali Geovanni D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate important clinical, morphological, histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics in order to establish the diagnosis and prognosis of a low‐grade intra‐orbital myxosarcoma.Animal studiedA mongrel dog presented a 2‐year history of a neoplastic mass behind the right eye.ResultsThe neoplasm presented a mesenchymal spindle and stellate cell proliferation with an abundant myxoid matrix, moderate anisocariosis, and a low mitotic index. It stained positive for vimentin, moderately positive for periodic acid‐Schiff, and negative for Gomori trichrome stain and α‐smooth muscle actin.ConclusionsOne year following surgical excision, the patient remains disease free. The histological findings established a diagnosis of a rare canine intra‐orbital low‐grade myxosarcoma.
Computation of Galois groups of rational polynomials
Authors: Fieker Claus , Klüners Jürgen 
Published: May 2014

AbstractComputational Galois theory, in particular the problem of computing the Galois group of a given polynomial, is a very old problem. Currently, the best algorithmic solution is Stauduhar’s method. Computationally, one of the key challenges in the application of Stauduhar’s method is to find, for a given pair of groups $H<G$, a $G$-relative $H$-invariant, that is a multivariate polynomial $F$ that is $H$-invariant, but not $G$-invariant. While generic, theoretical methods are known to find such $F$, in general they yield impractical answers. We give a general method for computing invariants of large degree which improves on previous known methods, as well as various special invariants that are derived from the structure of the groups. We then apply our new invariants to the task of computing the Galois groups of polynomials over the rational numbers, resulting in the first practical degree independent algorithm.
A Novel Lung Capacity Model to Virtually Aid in Breath Regulation
Authors: Abushakra Ahmad , Faezipour Miad 
Published: May 2014

Virtual reality technology is an attractive means for medical simulations and treatment, especially for patients with cancer. The overall goal of this research is to introduce a conceptual virtual environment with real-world dynamic contents to develop an effective breathing exercise tool that will aid in regulating breathing movements and eventually increase the oxygen intake of users/patients. This study focuses on an essential component of the virtual reality therapy framework. The work introduces a novel automated approach towards computing the lung capacity. The overall objective is to aid lung cancer patients, or those with breathing disorders regulate their breath through real-time analysis of respiration movements using a smart-phone. Traditionally, lung cancer patients and those with certain breathing disorders use a spirometer device to measure their lung capacity. However, accurate measurements using the spirometer requires some sort of training and adjustment, which may be difficult for certain groups of patients, especially the elderly. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to process the recorded acoustic signal of respiration using a microphone, and a model is introduced to estimate the lung size with a high degree of accuracy. To estimate the lung capacity, Voice-Activity-Detection (VAD) is fine-tuned and applied to the acoustic signal of respiration to split the signal into voice and silence phases. The average time duration and energy of the breathing phases (inhale and exhale voice phases) are computed to derive the lung capacity. The signal processing relies on accurate signal segmentation and signal energy computation of the breathing cycles. This model of using a microphone and the acoustic signal of respiration to estimate lung capacity yields a high degree of accuracy, exceeding 85%. In the framework, lung capacity is computed simultaneously as the patient is breathing in real time. Consequently, the patient will be motivated to take the next coming breath deeply if the previous one was not sufficient, thus, virtually regulating his/her own breath. The results indicate that the proposed model is highly accurate and effective for estimating lung capacity. The potential outcome of this research is that the intended virtual reality framework, if fully implemented and integrated with a high quality animated application on a smart-phone, would directly aid individuals, especially lung cancer patients, regulate their breath by having a daily basis estimate of their lung size using a hand-held device at home.
THE IMPACT ON GROWTH OF OUTSIDE-IN AND INSIDE-OUT INNOVATION IN SME NETWORK CONTEXTS
Authors: BRINK TOVE 
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this paper is to reveal what impact the dual approaches of outside-in and inside-out innovation have on growth in turnover in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) working together in network context. This is illustrated through research in three informal, Danish food industry networks with 60 SMEs responding. The research employs structural equation modelling for statistical analyses.The findings reveal that both the outside-in and the inside-out approaches have a significant positive impact on innovation and growth. The findings shed light on the need for combined dual organising of both to enable innovation and growth. Moreover, the network context does not significantly utilise theoretical insights on loose coupled systems.A contribution is made to innovation theory on the duality of the outside-in and the inside-out approaches for a combined understanding of the impact on innovation and growth. A contribution is also made to the SME-network for organising the loosely coupled system in a dual approach.
Trends and Variability in Severe Snowstorms East of the Rocky Mountains*
Authors: Lawrimore Jay , Karl Thomas R. , Squires Mike , Robinson David A. , Kunkel Kenneth E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe 100 most severe snowstorms within each of six climate regions east of the Rocky Mountains were analyzed to understand how the frequency of severe snowstorms is associated with seasonal averages of other variables that may be more readily predicted and projected. In particular, temperature, precipitation, and El Niño/La Niña anomalies from 1901 to 2013 were studied. In the southern United States, anomalously cold seasonal temperatures were found to be more closely linked to severe snowstorm development than in the northern United States. The conditional probability of occurrence of one or more severe snowstorms in seasons that are colder than average is 80% or greater in regions of the southern United States, which was found to be statistically significant, while it is as low as 35% when seasonal temperatures are warmer than average. This compares with unconditional probabilities of 55%–60%. For seasons that are wetter (drier) than average, severe snowstorm frequency is significantly greater (less) in the Northern Plains region. An analysis of the seasonal timing of severe snowstorm occurrence found they are not occurring as late in the season in recent decades in the warmest climate regions when compared to the previous 75 years. Since 1977, the median date of occurrence in the last half of the cold season is six or more days earlier in the Southeast, South, and Ohio Valley regions than earlier in the twentieth century. ENSO conditions also were found to have a strong influence on the occurrence of the top 100 snowstorms in the Northeast and Southeast regions.
Cropping System Dynamics, Climate Variability, and Seed Losses among East African Smallholder Farmers: A Retrospective Survey
Authors: Leclerc Christian , Mwongera Caroline , Camberlin Pierre , Moron Vincent 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Climate variability directly affects traditional low input and rain-fed farming systems, but few studies have paid attention retrospectively to the cropping system’s ability to mitigate climate risk. This study analyzes the impacts of rainfall variability on farmers’ seed variety losses over time, considering changes in smallholder farming systems. The cropping system dynamics, in favoring maize at the expense of sorghum and pearl millet, have induced an increasing risk of seed loss during drought. Combining ecological anthropology and climatology, a retrospective survey asking farmers about the period 1961–2006 was carried out at three altitudinal levels (750, 950, and 1100 m) on the eastern slope of Mount Kenya. Over that period, based on 3204 seed loss events reported orally and independently by 208 farmers, the probability to lose sorghum seed (0.056–0.065) was significantly lower than the probability to lose maize seed (0.071–0.087). All crops were more impacted by droughts than by very wet years. Seed loss probability increased for rainy seasons shorter than 50 days, with less than 28 rain days, and with a precipitation amount under 400 mm. Losses are almost linearly related to the frequency of rain days. Logistic regression confirmed that a change in cropping systems, favoring maize at the expense of sorghum and pearl millet, increased the risk of seed losses due to drought over the 46-yr period.
The Future of Phlebology in Europe
Authors: Dharmarajah Brahman , Lane Tristan RA , Moore Hayley M , Neumann HA Martino , Rabe Eberhard , Wittens Cees HA , Davies Alun H 
Published: May 2014

Background Worldwide superficial and deep venous diseases are common and associated with significant individual and socioeconomic morbidity. Increasing burden of venous disease requires Phlebology to define itself as an independent specialty representing not only patients but the multidisciplinary physicians involved in venous care. Methods & Results In this article the scope of venous disease in Europe and subsequent future governance for treatment in the region is discussed. Superficial venous disease is common with 26.9-68.6% of European populations reported to have C2-C6 disease according to the CEAP (Clinical severity, Aetiology, Anatomy and Pathophysiology) scoring system. However, a significant disparity is observed in the treatment of superficial venous disease across Europe. Post thrombotic syndrome (PTS) after deep vein thrombosis (DVT) contributes to the increasing burden of deep venous disease. Aggressive thrombus removal for acute ileofemoral DVT provides a cost-effective 14.4% risk reduction in the development of PTS. Additionally, deep venous lesions requiring endovascular intervention are being increasingly performed to prevent recurrent thrombosis. The European College of Phlebology (ECoP) has been formed to provide a responsible body for the care of the European patient with venous disease. The role of the ECoP includes unifying European member states through standardised guideline production, identification of research strategy and provision of training and accreditation of physicians. Conclusion Creation of a European venous disease specific speciality will provide a patient centred approach through understanding of the impact of disease in the region and delivery of high quality diagnostics and treatment from an appropriately certified Phlebologist.
Short-term follow-up of Quality-of-Life in interventionally treated patients with post-thrombotic syndrome after deep venous occlusion
Authors: Catarinella FS , Nieman FHM , de Wolf MAF , Wittens CHA 
Published: May 2014

Introduction Treatment of deep venous occlusive disease is gaining popularity, although the results and outcomes of various techniques are yet to be fully studied. Quality-of-Life (QoL) improvement is a valid and important outcome in medicine, but no specific QoL instruments for deep venous pathology exist up until now. We assessed the short term QoL effects of treated patients with post thrombotic syndrome after deep venous occlusion. Materials and methods Patients with proven venous occlusive disease referred to the outpatient clinic of our department of Venous Surgery in the Maastricht University Medical Centre were included. After inclusion, patients were treated by PTA and stenting and when indicated an endophlebectomy was performed and an AV fistula was made. QoL was assessed with the disease specific VEINES-QOL/Sym and the generic SF-36 questionnaires preoperatively at baseline and postoperatively at 3 and 12 months. Results 61 patients completed the 3 month follow-up period and 28 patients the 12 month follow-up period. VEINES-QOL and Sym scores improved after 3 months: 17.5 points for QOL (p = < 0.001) and 21.4 points for Sym (p = < 0.001)) and after 12 months 18.8 points for QOL (p = 0.004) and 21.3 points for Sym (p = 0.003)). The SF-36 scores improved significantly in the domains “physical functioning”, “role physical” and “bodily pain”. Conclusions Treating deep venous occlusive disease leads to short-term improvement of both disease specific QoL as well as generic QoL scores. Larger long-term follow-up studies are needed to corroborate these results.
What predicts outcome after recanalization of chronic venous obstruction: hemodynamic factors, stent geometry, patient selection, anticoagulation or other factors?
Authors: Jalaie H , Arnoldussen CWKP , Barbati ME , Kurstjens RLM , de Graaf R , Grommes J , Greiner A , de Wolf MA , Wittens CHA 
Published: May 2014

In this review we evaluated the effect of different suggested factors associate with the outcome after recanalization of chronic venous obstruction (CVO). Hemodynamic factors: Based upon literature no clear suggestions can be made to identify the risk of stent occlusion in association with the hemodynamic effects. However it is evident that ensuring optimal in- and outflow of the stented tract is key in maintaining the patency. Patient selection: Noninvasive imaging modalities are used to divide patients in three subgroups based on the place and extension of post-thrombotic changes. Moreover it should be noted that AV fistula in selected patients can reduce the risk of thrombosis or re-occlusion. Geometry: Excessive oversizing of the stent and stent compression from outside are considered to be associated with stent occlusion. Additionally, overlapping rigid stents, unnatural angel between stents and in-stent kinking are other geometrical factors related to worse outcome after venous recanalization. Anticoagulation: Adequate peri-and postoperative anticoagulation has a crutial role in stent patency. There is no data regarding the duration of anticoagulation therapy and recommendations vary between 6 weeks to 6 months. Result: impaired inflow or outflow, presence of a hypercoagulability, total number of treated segments and use of stents designed for implantation in arterial system are associated with decreased stent patency.
A European venous registry: pitfalls and opportunities
Authors: Catarinella FS , Stavast I , Wittens CHA 
Published: May 2014

Introduction: Evidence based medicine is not the ideal way to assess and evaluate treatment success, failure and outcomes. Modern technology makes it possible to register a multitude of information. Advances in the venous field are fast and require a more efficient way to allow selection based on outcomes and quality. Registries are theoretically contain the data needed to investigate venous treatments and instruments. Materials and methods: A literature review was performed and twenty-five articles were selected for review. Results: Current registries fail to perform as needed and do not deliver the needed information. Separate frameworks and applications are available, but up until now no centralized and combined effort has been made to create a true all encompassing European venous registry. Conclusions: A European venous registry containing standardized variables regarding all aspects of venous disease is needed to truly investigate and improve our care. An intuitive and integrated EHR application can facilitate the gathering of data needed to create such a registry. A number of rules apply though.
Total cost estimation for implementing genome-enabled selection in a multi-level swine production system
Authors: Abell Caitlyn E , Dekkers Jack CM , Rothschild Max F , Mabry John W , Stalder Kenneth J 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Determining an animal’s genetic merit using genomic information can improve estimated breeding value (EBV) accuracy; however, the magnitude of the accuracy improvement must be large enough to recover the costs associated with implementing genome-enabled selection. One way to reduce costs is to genotype nucleus herd selection candidates using a low-density chip and to use high-density chip genotyping for animals that are used as parents in the nucleus breeding herd. The objective of this study was to develop a tool to estimate the cost structure associated with incorporating genome-enabled selection into multi-level commercial breeding programs.

Results
For the purpose of this deterministic study, it was assumed that a commercial pig is created from a terminal line sire and a dam that is a cross between two maternal lines. It was also assumed that all male and female selection candidates from the 1000 sow maternal line nucleus herds were genotyped at low density and all animals used for breeding at high density. With the assumptions used in this analysis, it was estimated that genome-enabled selection costs for a maternal line would be approximately US$0.082 per weaned pig in the commercial production system. A total of US$0.164 per weaned pig is needed to incorporate genome-enabled selection into the two maternal lines. Similarly, for a 600 sow terminal line nucleus herd and genotyping only male selection candidates with the low-density panel, the cost per weaned pig in the commercial herd was estimated to be US$0.044. This means that US$0.21 per weaned pig produced at the commercial level and sired by boars obtained from the nucleus herd breeding program needs to be added to the genetic merit value in order to break even on the additional cost required when genome-enabled selection is used in both maternal lines and the terminal line.

Conclusions
By modifying the input values, such as herd size and genotyping strategy, a flexible spreadsheet tool developed from this work can be used to estimate the additional costs associated with genome-enabled selection. This tool will aid breeders in estimating the economic viability of incorporating genome-enabled selection into their specific breeding program.
A survey of automatic term extraction for Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: da Silva Conrado Merley , Felippo Ariani Di , Salgueiro Pardo Thiago Alexandre , Rezende Solange Oliveira 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Term extraction is highly relevant as it is the basis for several tasks, such as the building of dictionaries, taxonomies, and ontologies, as well as the translation and organization of text data.

Methods and Results
In this paper, we present a survey of the state of the art in automatic term extraction (ATE) for the Brazilian Portuguese language. In this sense, the main contributions and projects related to such task have been classified according to the knowledge they use: statistical, linguistic, and hybrid (statistical and linguistic). We also present a study/review of the corpora used in the term extraction in Brazilian Portuguese, as well as a geographic mapping of Brazil regarding such contributions, projects, and corpora, considering their origins.

Conclusions
In spite of the importance of the ATE, there are still several gaps to be filled, for instance, the lack of consensus regarding the formal definition of meaning of ‘term’. Such gaps are larger for the Brazilian Portuguese when compared to other languages, such as English, Spanish, and French. Examples of gaps for Brazilian Portuguese include the lack of a baseline ATE system, as well as the use of more sophisticated linguistic information, such as the WordNet and Wikipedia knowledge bases. Nevertheless, there is an increase in the number of contributions related to ATE and an interesting tendency to use contrasting corpora and domain stoplists, even though most contributions only use frequency, noun phrases, and morphosyntactic patterns.