bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ancient dynamin segments capture early stages of host–mitochondrial integration
Authors: Purkanti Ramya , Thattai Mukund 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Mitochondria were originally free-living bacteria with their own division machinery, which took up residence within another cell 2 billion y ago. The host cell subsequently tamed mitochondrial division using dynamin, a membrane-pinching protein. We have found that a single ancient dynamin at the root of extant eukaryotes, capable of pinching both mitochondria and vesicles, duplicated independently in plants and animals into specialized mitochondrial and vesicle variants. A “living fossil” of this ancient bifunctional dynamin still survives in scattered eukaryotic species, along with the original bacterial FtsZ division protein. The mitochondria of these organisms, preserved as if in amber, might teach us how the fateful partnership between host and endosymbiont was first established.
The fingerprint of climate trends on European crop yields
Authors: Moore Frances C. , Lobell David B. 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceAgriculture is one of the economic sectors most exposed to climate change impacts, but few studies have statistically connected long-term changes in temperature and rainfall with yields. Doing so in Europe is particularly important because yields of wheat and barley have plateaued since the early 1990s and climate change has been suggested as a cause of this stagnation. Here, we show that the impact of climate trends can be detected in the pattern of long-term yield trends in Europe. Although impacts have been large in some areas, the aggregate effect across the continent has been modest. Climate trends can explain 10% of the slowdown in wheat and barley yields, with changes in agriculture and environmental policies possibly responsible for the remainder.
Stress and telomere shortening among central Indian conservation refugees
Authors: Zahran Sammy , Snodgrass Jeffrey G. , Maranon David G. , Upadhyay Chakrapani , Granger Douglas A. , Bailey Susan M. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Recent research links life stress to premature telomere shortening and human aging. However, this association has only been demonstrated in Western contexts, where stress is typically lower and life expectancies longer. Using innovative approaches, we show significant associations between stress and telomere shortening in a non-Western setting among a highly stressed population with lower life expectancies: poor indigenous people—the Sahariya—who were displaced between 1998 and 2002 from their central Indian wildlife sanctuary homes. Our research strengthens the case for stress-induced telomere shortening as a pancultural biomarker of compromised health and aging.
SK3 channel and mitochondrial ROS mediate NADPH oxidase-independent NETosis induced by calcium influx
Authors: Douda David Nobuhiro , Khan Meraj A. , Grasemann Hartmut , Palaniyar Nades 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a recently described process by which neutrophils combat microbial pathogens. Recent studies demonstrate causative relationships between NETs and debilitating disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, thrombosis, cystic fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, the understanding of signaling pathways governing the process termed “NETosis” remains elusive. Two major types of NETosis have been reported; however, the mechanistic differences between these two types are not clearly established. Here we describe that NETosis induced by calcium ionophores is fast, NADPH-oxidase independent, and is mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a calcium-activated small conductance potassium channel. Thus, drugs that target mitochondrial ROS production or the potassium channels may provide previously unidentified therapeutic approaches for combating disorders with unregulated NETosis.
β-Catenin in dendritic cells exerts opposite functions in cross-priming and maintenance of CD8+T cells through regulation of IL-10
Authors: Fu Chunmei , Liang Xinjun , Cui Weiguo , Ober-Blöbaum Julia L. , Vazzana Joseph , Shrikant Protul A. , Lee Kelvin P. , Clausen Björn E. , Mellman Ira , Jiang Aimin 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceWhile CD8+T cells are essential for antitumor immunity, tumors often evade CD8+T cell surveillance by immunosuppression. Recent study has shown that tumor-induced β-catenin activation in DCs suppresses CD8+T cell immunity by inhibiting cross-priming, suggesting that activation of β-catenin in DCs might be a key mechanism tumors use to achieve immunosuppression. This report identified mTOR/IL-10 signaling as a previously unidentified mechanism for β-catenin–dependent inhibition of cross-priming. Surprisingly, our study also revealed that β-catenin in DCs was required for CD8+T cell maintenance post-clonal expansion, suggesting that β-catenin exerts opposite functions during different stages of CD8+T cell responses. Based on these findings, we have demonstrated selectively manipulating β-catenin signaling as a feasible strategy to improve DC vaccine efficacy.
Redefining the role of Broca’s area in speech
Authors: Flinker Adeen , Korzeniewska Anna , Shestyuk Avgusta Y. , Franaszczuk Piotr J. , Dronkers Nina F. , Knight Robert T. , Crone Nathan E. 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceBroca’s area is widely recognized to be important for speech production, but its specific role in the dynamics of cortical language networks is largely unknown. Using direct cortical recordings of these dynamics during vocal repetition of written and spoken words, we found that Broca’s area mediates a cascade of activation from sensory representations of words in temporal cortex to their corresponding articulatory gestures in motor cortex, but it is surprisingly quiescent during articulation. Contrary to classic notions of this area’s role in speech, our results indicate that Broca’s area does not participate in production of individual words, but coordinates the transformation of information processing across large-scale cortical networks involved in spoken word production, prior to articulation.
Cells as liquid motors: Mechanosensitivity emerges from collective dynamics of actomyosin cortex
Authors: Étienne Jocelyn , Fouchard Jonathan , Mitrossilis Démosthène , Bufi Nathalie , Durand-Smet Pauline , Asnacios Atef 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Animals have muscles to act on their environment. The molecules endowing them with this faculty are actin and myosin and are also present in nonmuscle cells. Our modelling breaks down the motor-like properties of the actomyosin network in single nonmuscle cells, which show striking similarity to the properties of muscles. In particular, an internal friction sets the maximum speed of contraction of both cells and muscles when myosins do not have time to detach after pulling, just as rowers lifting their oars too slowly after their stroke. The same modelling explains cell-scale mechanosensing: the combination of myosin-driven contraction and actin polymerization-driven protrusivity regulates cell length in a force-dependent manner, making response to rigidity a property of the very material of the cell cortex.
In vitro reconstitution of indolmycin biosynthesis reveals the molecular basis of oxazolinone assembly
Authors: Du Yi-Ling , Alkhalaf Lona M. , Ryan Katherine S. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Resistance to current antibiotics is rising worldwide, and replacement molecules are urgently needed. The tryptophanyl–tRNA synthetase inhibitor indolmycin, containing a unique oxazolinone core, was first isolated in 1960, but the molecular basis for its construction is still unknown. Here we report the complete pathway to indolmycin, using a combination of genetic and biochemical approaches. Our work reveals how the oxazolinone core is assembled by the dual action of the ATP-dependent enzyme Ind3, and Ind6, an unusual gatekeeper protein. Our work sets the stage for generating improved microbial production systems for indolmycin and for development of indolmycin-like antibiotics.
Increasing propensity to mind-wander with transcranial direct current stimulation
Authors: Axelrod Vadim , Rees Geraint , Lavidor Michal , Bar Moshe 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Mind wandering is a spontaneous and self-generated behavior believed to be important for many mental functions, including creativity and future planning. Can the propensity to mind-wander be modulated externally? If so, this observation would mean that directly modifying spontaneous neural activity can change internally directed thought. To answer this question, we used noninvasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to stimulate the prefrontal cortex. Our results showed, for the first time to our knowledge, that mind wandering, probably the most omnipresent internal cognitive function, can be enhanced by external stimulation. In addition, we showed that the frontal lobes play a causal role in mind wandering. We furthermore suggest that the executive control system, and specifically the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, might play an important role in mind-wandering behavior.
Moth tails divert bat attack: Evolution of acoustic deflection
Authors: Barber Jesse R. , Leavell Brian C. , Keener Adam L. , Breinholt Jesse W. , Chadwell Brad A. , McClure Christopher J. W. , Hill Geena M. , Kawahara Akito Y. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Bats and moths have been engaged in acoustic warfare for more than 60 million y. Yet almost half of moth species lack bat-detecting ears and still face intense bat predation. We hypothesized that the long tails of one group of seemingly defenseless moths, saturniids, are an anti-bat strategy designed to divert bat attacks. Using high-speed infrared videography, we show that the spinning hindwing tails of luna moths lure echolocating bat attacks to these nonessential appendages in over half of bat–moth interactions. Further we show that long hindwing tails have independently evolved multiple times in saturniid moths. This finding expands our knowledge of antipredator deflection strategies, the limitations of bat sonar, and the extent of a long-standing evolutionary arms race.
Human trypanolytic factor APOL1 forms pH-gated cation-selective channels in planar lipid bilayers: Relevance to trypanosome lysis
Authors: Thomson Russell , Finkelstein Alan 
Published: February 2015

Significance
African trypanosomes are parasites that can cause African sleeping sickness in humans. Host defense against some of these is provided by the human serum factor apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1), which causes swelling and lysis of susceptible trypanosomes. Lysis follows uptake of APOL1 into acidic parasite endosomes and is thought to involve ion influx across the plasma membrane. In this paper we show that, after interaction of APOL1 with lipid bilayers at acidic pH, subsequent pH neutralization triggers the opening of pH-gated channels that selectively conduct cations across the bilayer. Based on these results, we propose a mechanism of trypanosome lysis that involves endocytic recycling of APOL1 and the opening of APOL1-induced cation-selective channels, at neutral pH, in the parasite plasma membrane.
Floral organ abscission is regulated by a positive feedback loop
Authors: Patharkar O. Rahul , Walker John C. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Dramatic changes in gene expression occur in abscission zones immediately prior to abscission. This study helps explain the mechanisms and emergent properties of a regulatory network that controls abscission. Two important connections are made that help explain the observed dynamic range of abscission gene expression. First, it connects a MAP kinase cascade that positively regulates abscission to a MADS-domain transcription factor, AGAMOUS-like 15 (AGL15). Second, it connects AGL15 to the expression of a receptor kinase known to control abscission. All together, the findings define a positive feedback loop that provides exponential signal amplification that starts with a receptor, goes through a MAP kinase cascade and a transcription factor, and then returns to the receptor.
Capillary-bridge–derived particles with negative Gaussian curvature
Authors: Wang Liming , McCarthy Thomas J. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Particles find use in a plethora of applications that range from cosmetics to electrically conducting adhesives. They can be composed of different substances, vary in size, and have different shapes such as spheres and rods. The surfaces of particles are almost universally convex (positive Gaussian curvature) for the same reason that liquid forms a sphere in air. A drop of liquid spanning two surfaces, however, forms an hourglass-shaped capillary bridge with concave curvature in the dimension that spans the two surfaces. In this article, we show that capillary bridges of monomers can be polymerized to prepare hourglass-shaped particles with negative Gaussian curvature. Particles with this shape have not yet been studied.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Estimate Lipid Content in Atlantic Salmon Parr as Influenced by Temperature, PIT Tags, and Instrument Precision and Application in Field Studies
Authors: Vue Sherr , Samways Kurt M. , Cunjak Richard A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in field studies monitoring Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar parr, as related to temperature corrections, instrument precision, and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Currently, BIA studies are restricted to laboratory settings where water temperature is controlled to decrease error in BIA predictions caused by fish body temperature. We compared models of predicted total and percent lipids with and without temperature corrections and found that temperature corrections reduced error caused by temperature. Without temperature corrections, an 8°C increase in temperature increased the predicted total lipids by 55%. After temperature corrections were added, the predicted total lipid only increased by 2.55%. Repeated measurements were collected on 40 salmon parr (56–115 mm FL) in four separate time trials (1 min, 1.5 h, 3 h, and 6 h), and we found that lipid content predictions between measurements were not significantly different; however, the variability within longer time trials was moderate (6.43% error). No significant differences were found in the predicted lipid value before or after PIT tags were removed from the body cavity, suggesting PIT tags do not affect BIA readings. On average, the difference between predicted total lipids after tag removal was 0.0023 and 0.02 g for 12.5‐mm and 22‐mm PIT tags, respectively. We also observed that increases in fish body temperature caused by handing resulted in increased variability in BIA estimates, indicating the need for temperature corrections.Received March 10, 2014; accepted September 22, 2014
To Know and to Care: How Awareness and Valuation of the Future Jointly Shape Consumer Spending
Authors: Bartels Daniel M. , Urminsky Oleg 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Reducing spending in the present requires the combination of being both motivated to provide for one’s future self (valuing the future) and actively considering long-term implications of one’s choices (awareness of the future). Feeling more connected to the future self—thinking that the important psychological properties that define your current self are preserved in the person you will be in the future—helps motivate consumers to make far-sighted choices by changing their valuation of future outcomes (e.g., discount factors). However, this change only reduces spending when opportunity costs are considered. Correspondingly, cues that highlight opportunity costs reduce spending primarily when people discount the future less or are more connected to their future selves. Implications for the efficacy of behavioral interventions and for research on time discounting are discussed.
Dolutegravir in HIV-2–Infected Patients With Resistant Virus to First-line Integrase Inhibitors From the French Named Patient Program
Authors: Descamps Diane , Peytavin Gilles , Visseaux Benoit , Tubiana Roland , Damond Florence , Campa Pauline , Charpentier Charlotte , Khuong-Josses Marie-Aude , Duvivier Claudine , Karmochkine Marina , Lukiana Tuna , Matheron Sophie 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background.  Dolutegravir has shown in vitro activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2). We report safety and efficacy data of regimens containing dolutegravir (50 mg twice daily) in antiretroviral-experienced, HIV-2–infected patients.
Methods.  HIV-2–infected patients experiencing virological failure to raltegravir received dolutegravir with optimized background antiretroviral combinations within the French Named Patient Program (NPP). Plasma HIV-2 RNA (pVL) was assessed at time of dolutegravir initiation (baseline), month 3, and month 6. Antiretroviral trough plasma concentrations (C12h) were determined using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.
Results.  Thirteen HIV-2–infected-patients, with a median duration of 15 years’ infection and given 16 previous antiretroviral regimens, were included in NPP. Median follow-up was 9 months (min–max, 3–15 months). Median baseline pVL and CD4 cell count were 9544 copies/mL (inter quartile range [IQR], 3096–23 120 copies/mL) and 100 cells/µL (IQR, 77–171 cells/µL), respectively. Available integrase genotypic resistance patterns were Y143C/G/H/R (n = 5), Q148R/K (n = 2), and N155H (n = 4). Optimized background antiretroviral regimens conferring a genotypic sensitivity score ≤2 in 10 patients included nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors associated with darunavir/ritonavir (n = 12), saquinavir/ritonavir (n = 2), and maraviroc (n = 3). At months 3 and 6, pVL was undetectable in 6 of 13 and 4 of 12 patients, respectively, and median CD4 count was 161 (101–188) cells/µL and 167 (135–1353) cells/µL, respectively. Median dolutegravir C12h was 4086 (1756–5717 ng/mL) ng/mL in 9 patients. No serious events were notified except 1 death from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy at month 4.
Conclusions.  Optimized dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral regimens supported by good plasma exposure provide a substantial initial efficacy rate for salvage therapy in heavily antiretroviral-experienced HIV-2–infected patients with virus harboring resistance to first-generation integrase inhibitors. Larger numbers of patients and longer follow-up are needed to confirm these findings.
Measurement of Disability-free Survival after Surgery
Authors: Shulman Mark A. , Myles Paul S. , Chan Matthew T. V. , McIlroy David R. , Wallace Sophie , Ponsford Jennie 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAbstract
In a multicenter, multinational study of over 500 patients, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 was shown to be a clinically acceptable, valid, reliable, and responsive instrument for measuring postoperative disability in a diverse surgical population.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background:
Survival and freedom from disability are arguably the most important patient-centered outcomes after surgery, but it is unclear how postoperative disability should be measured. The authors thus evaluated the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 in a surgical population.

Methods:
The authors examined the psychometric properties of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 in a diverse cohort of 510 surgical patients. The authors assessed clinical acceptability, validity, reliability, and responsiveness up to 12 months after surgery.

Results:
Criterion and convergent validity of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 were supported by good correlation with the 40-item quality of recovery scale at 30 days after surgery (r = −0.70) and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery with physical functioning (The Katz index of independence in Activities of Daily Living; r = −0.70, r = −0.60, and rho = −0.47); quality of life (EQ-5D; r = −0.57, −0.60, and −0.52); and pain interference scores (modified Brief Pain Inventory Short Form; r = 0.72, 0.74, and 0.81) (all P < 0.0005). Construct validity was supported by increased hospital stay (6.9 vs. 5.3 days, P = 0.008) and increased day 30 complications (20% vs. 11%, P = 0.042) in patients with new disability. There was excellent internal consistency with Cronbach’s α and split-half coefficients greater than 0.90 at all time points (all P < 0.0005). Responsiveness was excellent with effect sizes of 3.4, 3.0, and 1.0 at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, respectively.

Conclusions:
World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 is a clinically acceptable, valid, reliable, and responsive instrument for measuring postoperative disability in a diverse surgical population. Its use as an endpoint in future perioperative studies can provide outcome data that are meaningful to clinicians and patients alike.
Documenting virtual world cultures
Authors: Sköld Olle 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore how virtual world communities employ new media as a repository to record information about their past.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using the notions of documentary practice and memory-making as a framework, a case study of MMORPG City of Heroes’ (CoH) virtual community on Reddit discussion board “/r/cityofheroes” was conducted. The study consists of an interpretative analysis of posts, comments, images, and other materials submitted to /r/cityofheroes during a period of approximately seven months.

Findings
– The principal finding of the study is that the CoH community, with varying levels of intentionality, documented a range of pasts on /r/cityofheroes, relating to CoH as a game world, a site of personal experience, a product, a nexus of narratives, and a game. The analysis also lays bare the community’s memory-making processes, in which the documented conceptions of CoH’s past were put to work in the present, informing community action and viewpoints.

Originality/value
– Games and gaming practices are increasingly prevalent in leisure and professional settings. This trend, which makes virtual environments and online media proxies for or augmentations of “real life”, makes it necessary for information scholars to understand how the full range of human information behaviours, including documenting, and memory-making, emerge or are replicated online. Additionally, few studies have examined the interplay between new media affordances, documentary practices, and memory-making in the context of virtual world communities.
Setting our bibliographic references free: towards open citation data
Authors: Peroni Silvio , Dutton Alexander , Gray Tanya , Shotton David 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– Citation data needs to be recognised as a part of the Commons – those works that are freely and legally available for sharing – and placed in an open repository. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach– The Open Citation Corpus is a new open repository of scholarly citation data, made available under a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 public domain dedication and encoded as Open Linked Data using the SPAR Ontologies.Findings– The Open Citation Corpus presently provides open access (OA) to reference lists from 204,637 articles from the OA Subset of PubMed Central, containing 6,325,178 individual references to 3,373,961 unique papers.Originality/value– Scholars, publishers and institutions may freely build upon, enhance and reuse the open citation data for any purpose, without restriction under copyright or database law.