bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of propolis on rheological properties of lipstick
Authors: Goik U. , Ptaszek A. , Goik T. 
Published: February 2015

SynopsisObjectiveThe aim of this work was to study the effect of propolis on the rheological and textural properties of lipsticks. The studied lipsticks were based on raw materials and contained no synthetic compounds, preservatives, fragrances or dyes. The rheological and textural properties of the prepared lipsticks, both with and without propolis, were studied as a function of temperature and storage period.MethodMeasurements were taken using an RS6000 rheometer (Haake, Germany) with a cone–plate sensor. The cone parameters were as follows: diameter 35 mm and angle 2°. Textural tests were performed using the same cone–plate geometry.ResultsThe research results of rheological and textural properties of lipsticks, with and without the addition of propolis, indicate the possibility of application of propolis as a beneficial additive to such type of cosmetics. The presence of propolis does not significantly alter the viscoelastic properties of the lipsticks. The courses of flow curves indicate shear thinning, which is very advantageous from an application point of view. From the rheological point of view, the properties of lipsticks tested in low deformation conditions show some structural changes, most likely due to consolidation of the structure.ConclusionThe analysis of textural properties indicates that lipsticks with added propolis are more brittle and prone to crushing. However, the temperature increase (30°C) does not cause significant changes to the textural characteristics of these lipsticks.
Facile Synthesis and Optical Performance of Y2.9Ce0.1Al5O12 Phosphor Thick Films from Sol–Gel Method
Authors: Zhao Yunyun , Xu Huarui , Zhang Xiuyun , Zhu Guisheng , Yao Yuan , Lu Shouqiang , Yu Aibing 
Published: February 2015

Transparent luminescent Y2.9Ce0.1Al5O12 (YAG:Ce3+) phosphor films (PFs) with thickness of 4.30 μm and homogeneous grain size about 80 nm were successfully synthesized by a facile sol–gel method via 40 layers deposition process on quartz substrate. The crystallization, morphology, and optical properties of the as‐prepared samples were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometer, spectroffluorophotometry, and absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (QY) measurement system. The as‐synthesized YAG:Ce3+ PFs exhibited high transparency, broad absorb peaks at blue‐light range and excellent photoluminescence performance with a QY of 47% at 457 nm excitation, which could be used in solid‐state lighting and display system applications.
Ancient Gondwana break‐up explains the distribution of the mycoheterotrophic family Corsiaceae (Liliales)
Authors: Mennes Constantijn B. , Lam Vivienne K. Y. , Rudall Paula J. , Lyon Stephanie P. , Graham Sean W. , Smets Erik F. , Merckx Vincent S. F. T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimMany plant families have a disjunct distribution across the southern Pacific Ocean, including the mycoheterotrophic family Corsiaceae, which provides a prime example of this biogeographical pattern. A better grasp of the family's evolutionary relationships is needed to understand its historical biogeography. We therefore aimed to (1) test the uncertain monophyly of Corsiaceae, (2) define its phylogenetic position, and (3) estimate divergence times for the family, allowing us to assess whether the distribution of the family is the result of vicariance.LocationSouthern South America and Australasia.MethodsWe analysed various combinations of mitochondrial and nuclear data to address the monophyly, phylogenetic position and age of Corsiaceae. To test its monophyly, we used a three‐locus data set including most monocot orders, and to infer its exact phylogenetic position, we used a five‐locus extended data set. We corroborated these findings using an independent plastome dataset. We then used a two‐locus dataset with taxa from all monocot orders, and a three‐locus dataset containing only taxa of Liliales, to estimate divergence times using a fossil‐calibrated uncorrelated lognormal relaxed‐clock approach.ResultsCorsiaceae is a monophyletic family and the sister group of Campynemataceae. This clade is the sister group of all other Liliales. The crown age of Corsiaceae is estimated to be 53 Ma (95% confidence interval 30–76 Ma).Main conclusionsCorsiaceae is an ancient family of mycoheterotrophic plants, whose crown age overlaps with the plate‐tectonic split of Gondwana, consistent with a vicariance‐based explanation for its current distribution.
Improvement of scalp and nail lesions with ixekizumab in a phase 2 trial in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: Langley R.G. , Rich P. , Menter A. , Krueger G. , Goldblum O. , Dutronc Y. , Zhu B. , Wei H. , Cameron G.S. , Heffernan M.P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundScalp and nail psoriasis have a major impact on quality of life and are traditionally resistant to therapy. Ixekizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets IL‐17A, a key cytokine in psoriasis pathogenesis.ObjectiveChanges in nail and scalp psoriasis associated with ixekizumab treatment were evaluated in a post hoc analysis of a phase 2 study comprising a 20‐week randomized, placebo‐controlled (RCT) period and 48 weeks of an open‐label extension (OLE) period.MethodsThere were 142 patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis at baseline of the RCT. Patients were randomized to receive placebo, 10, 25, 75 or 150 mg of ixekizumab injected subcutaneously at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16. In the OLE, all patients received 120 mg ixekizumab every 4 weeks. Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) and Psoriasis Scalp Severity Index (PSSI) were used to evaluate nail and scalp psoriasis respectively. Fifty‐eight (41.0%) patients had nail psoriasis (NAPSI > 0) and 105 (74.0%) had scalp psoriasis (PSSI > 0) at baseline; these cases were evaluated for the present analyses.ResultsAt RCT week 20, patients with scalp psoriasis in the 25‐, 75‐ and 150‐mg groups had significant mean change and percent improvement from baseline PSSI of −16.3 (75.3%; P = 0.001), −11.6 (83.7%; P = 0.001) and −18.2 (82.2%; P < 0.001) respectively compared to −6.0 (18.8%) in placebo. Patients with nail psoriasis in the 75‐ and 150‐mg groups had significant improvements from baseline NAPSI of −26.3 (63.8%; P = 0.003) and −23.1 (52.6%; P = 0.009) respectively compared to 0.4 (−1.7%) in placebo. By OLE week 48, 78.0% of patients with scalp psoriasis and 51.0% of patients with nail psoriasis experienced complete resolution of lesions (PSSI = 0 or NAPSI = 0).ConclusionsIxekizumab monotherapy improved scalp psoriasis quickly with maintenance of clinical response and complete resolution of plaques in the majority of patients. Additionally, over 50.0% of patients with nail psoriasis experienced complete resolution of nail lesions by OLE week 48.
The connection of cytoskeletal network with plasma membrane and the cell wall
Authors: Liu Zengyu , Persson Staffan , Zhang Yi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe cell wall provides external support of the plant cells, while the cytoskeletons including the microtubules and the actin filaments constitute an internal framework. The cytoskeletons contribute to the cell wall biosynthesis by spatially and temporarily regulating the transportation and deposition of cell wall components. This tight control is achieved by the dynamic behavior of the cytoskeletons, but also through the tethering of these structures to the plasma membrane. This tethering may also extend beyond the plasma membrane and impact on the cell wall, possibly in the form of a feedback loop. In this review, we discuss the linking components between the cytoskeletons and the plasma membrane, and/or the cell wall. We also discuss the prospective roles of these components in cell wall biosynthesis and modifications, and aim to provide a platform for further studies in this field.
Epifluorescence microscopy: a sensitive tool for studying the morphology and oriented growth of europium precipitates in KI single‐crystal hosts
Authors: CORDERO‐BORBOA A.E. , UNDA‐ANGELES R. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe morphology and oriented growth of europium precipitates in well‐annealed Eu2+‐doped KI single crystals are investigated by epifluorescence microscopy using the proper doping ions as fluorochromes. To make this, electronic spatial reconstructions of some fields of precipitates and of some individual precipitates were built from epifluorescence microscope images of different optical cross‐sections of these objects. The building procedures are carefully explained. Previously, the KI:Eu2+ system was characterized by fluorescence spectrophotometry and the KI‐host long‐range translational order was tested by single‐plate X‐ray diffraction. Precipitates are shaped as plates, with their broad faces being parallel to host lattice planes of either {100}‐ or {110}‐forms (the {100}‐ or {110}‐plates, respectively) and as rods lying along host lattice <100>‐directions. The {100}‐plates have rhomboidal broad faces with a side lying along a <100>‐direction, an internal angle of about 45°, as measured on the corresponding {100}‐plane, and, consequently, another side (the {100}<110>‐side) lying along a <110> direction on this plane. The {110}‐plates have rectangular broad faces with a side lying along a <100>‐direction and with another side (the {110}<110>‐side) lying along a <110>‐direction on the corresponding {110}‐plane. Spatial reconstructions of a typical precipitate field, a typical {100}‐plate, a typical {110}‐plate and a typical rod are described in detail. Precipitates were measured in their different dimensions and the measuring procedures are explained. The plate thicknesses and rod diameters are into a common narrow range of values (0.5–0.2 μm) which contains also the inferior limits of the obtained length ranges for the {100}<110>‐ and {110}<110>‐sides (5.1–0.3 and 4.9–0.3 μm, respectively). It is discussed that that three different europium precipitation states are responsible for the studied precipitation and that plates grew from rods during annealing.
Balancing my disease: women's perspectives of living with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Sykes Dorothy N , Fletcher Paula C , Schneider Margaret A 
Published: February 2015

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this research was to examine the lived experiences of women with inflammatory bowel disease, by specifically exploring their management of their illness after diagnosis.BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease is a chronic autoimmune disease that has no known cause or cure. It is composed of two types of conditions: Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis which have similar signs and symptoms, but have distinct physiological properties. Currently, Canada has the highest reported prevalence and incidence rates of inflammatory bowel disease in the world (Molodecky et al. 2012). Despite these increasing rates, there is a lack of knowledge and understanding of the burdens associated with inflammatory bowel disease, in particular from the participant's perspective.Design & MethodsHeuristic phenomenology was the theoretical orientation used for this study. Eight women (aged 30–50 years) with inflammatory bowel disease who resided in Southern Ontario were recruited. Each participant completed background questionnaires and a one‐on‐one semi‐structured interview.ResultsSeveral salient themes were identified; however, this paper will solely focus on one theme, balancing my disease. To achieve balance, the women described changing dietary behaviours, adjusting daily routines and managing symptoms through medications. These modifications were described as being important in controlling inflammatory bowel disease symptomatology on a day‐to‐day basis.ConclusionThere are many triggers for inflammatory bowel disease symptomatology. As such, the means in which those with inflammatory bowel disease manage their conditions varies. Participants discussed using a combination of strategies to control their condition.Relevance to clinical practiceThis information is important for patients living with inflammatory bowel disease, their support people, and healthcare professionals to identify various key strategies to improve the quality of life and well‐being of those affected by inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, this research provided a voice to women diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease by allowing them to openly convey their experiences of living with inflammatory bowel disease.
A FORMAL MEDICATION RECONCILIATION PROGRAMME IN A HAEMODIALYSIS UNIT CAN IDENTIFY MEDICATION DISCREPANCIES AND POTENTIALLY PREVENT ADVERSE DRUG EVENTS
Authors: Chan Winnie WY , Mahalingam Geetha , Richardson Robert MA , Fernandes Olavo A , Battistella Marisa 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYBackgroundPatients on haemodialysis have been identified as high‐risk for medication discrepancies and adverse drug events. Medication reconciliation is an important patient safety initiative to prevent adverse drug events. The primary objective of our study was to determine the number and types of medication discrepancies and drug therapy problems (DTPs) identified in patients on haemodialysis. Our second objective was to assess the potential clinical impact and severity of all unintentional medication discrepancies identified.MethodsPatients in an academic haemodialysis unit were interviewed to obtain a best possible medication history (BPMH) between May and August 2010. The BPMH was documented and discrepancies were identified, classified and resolved with the interprofessional team. An interprofessional panel conducted a discrepancy clinical impact assessment for potential adverse drug events.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐eight patients on haemodialysis were interviewed and 512 discrepancies were identified for 151 patients (3.4 discrepancies per patient). Of these, 174 (34%) were undocumented intentional discrepancies and 338 (66%) were unintentional discrepancies. The unintentional discrepancies were classified as 21% omissions, 36% commissions and 43% incorrect dose/frequency. Most drug therapy problems were related to patient taking a medication that was not indicated (25%), medication required but patient not taking (25%), patient not willing to take the medication as prescribed (28%) or incorrect dosing of a drug (20%). Overall, 6% of discrepancies were classified as clinically significant potential adverse drug events.ConclusionMedication discrepancies appear to be common in patients on haemodialysis. Formal interprofessional medication reconciliation practice models are essential to identify discrepancies and prevent patients from experiencing adverse drug events.
Residue depletion of ampicillin in eggs
Authors: Zhao M. , Xie K.‐Z. , Guo H.‐S. , Li A.‐H. , Xie X. , Zhang G.‐X. , Dai G.‐J. , Wang J.‐Y. 
Published: February 2015

A residue depletion study of ampicillin (AMP) was performed after oral dosing (60.0 mg/kg and 120.0 mg/kg body weight once a day for 5 days) to laying hens, through the use of reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (RP‐HPLC‐FLD) to achieve detection of ampicillin residue in eggs. Limit of detection was 0.5 ng/g, and limit of quantitation was 1.2 ng/g for ampicillin. Extraction recoveries of ampicillin from samples fortified at 5.0–125.0 ng/g levels ranged from 77.5% to 84.6% in albumen, 77.9% to 87.5% in yolk, and 77.9% to 88.6% in whole egg, with coefficients of variation ≤9.3%. The maximum concentrations of ampicillin in albumen, yolk, and whole egg were detected at 1, 2, and 1 day after the last administration of ampicillin, respectively. Ampicillin was not detectable in albumen at day 9 of withdrawal time, at day 10 and 11 in yolk, and day 9 and 11 in whole egg at each of those 2 dose levels. The theoretical withdrawal time of AMP in whole egg was 6.730 and 7.296 days for 60 and 120 mg/kg oral dosage, respectively. This method also proved to be suitable as a rapid and reliable method for the determination of ampicillin in other poultry eggs.
Influence of hybridization on animal space use: a case study using coyote range expansion
Authors: Ellington E. Hance , Murray Dennis L. 
Published: February 2015

Hybridization between animal species is likely to increase as distributional and reproductive barriers continue to break down due to anthropogenically driven changes in habitat and climate. Yet, the influence of hybridization on ecological interactions and ecosystem function remains understudied. Animal space use, an important component of ecosystem dynamics, is a complex relationship between intrinsic factors, which hybridization can influence, and extrinsic factors, such as environmental heterogeneity. Using the coyote Canis latrans, a well‐studied species with a long history of hybridization with wolves and dogs Canis spp., we sought to assess the influence of hybridization relative to environmental factors in determining animal space use. We conducted a meta‐regression analysis of 67 datasets on coyote home range size across North America and generated models to predict coyote home range size. Climate (latitude) and environmental variability played important roles in determining patterns of coyote space use, likely through their influence on availability of prey resources. However, we found hybridization to be the preeminent factor driving variation in coyote space use, with non‐introgressed populations having considerably smaller home ranges than those from within the Canis hybrid zone of eastern North America. This pattern was upheld despite the variation in environmental factors between areas inside and outside the Canis hybrid zone. Our findings suggest that hybridization may serve as an important factor affecting ecosystems, as hybrids may have altered space requirements, and presumably different niche dimensions, compared to parental species. This, in turn, may influence the role that particular species play within communities.SynthesisHybridization between animal species is likely to increase due to anthropogenically driven changes in habitat and climate. We used a meta‐regression analysis (n = 67) to examine the relationship between hybridization and coyote Canis latrans space use across North America. We found that independent of environmental factors, introgressed coyotes had larger home ranges. Our findings suggest that hybridization may serve as an important factor affecting ecosystems, as hybrids may have altered space requirements, and presumably different niche dimensions, compared to parental species. This, in turn, may influence the role that particular species play within communities.
Representation of Romantic Love in Children's Drawings: Age and Gender Differences
Authors: Brechet Claire 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study was designed to fill our current knowledge gap in children's representation of romantic love. To this end, we used a drawing task: 127 children ages 6 to 10 were asked to draw a person and a person in love. Performing content analysis, we identified seven graphic indicators used by children to depict romantic love in their drawings. As expected, results exhibited age and gender differences. First, older children used a higher number of graphic indicators than younger children. The use of each type of indicator (except for one) varied with age. Second, girls used a higher number of graphic indicators than boys. These gender differences were specific to three graphic indicators. Results are discussed in terms of children's developing representation of romantic love and of the potential impact of their socio‐cultural environment on this representation.
“For They Knew What They Did” – What Swiss Voters Did (Not) Know About The Mass Immigration Initiative
Authors: Milic Thomas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAfter the vote of 9 February 2014, many attributed the surprising result to voter ignorance. The basic claim was that the majority of those voting in favour of the initiative possessed only a weak understanding of what the likely outcome(s) would be if their choice prevailed. However, the analysis of the voters' knowledge level shows that they were comparably well aware of what the proposal at hand was about. Moreover, most voters voted their true preferences. They were also well aware about the possible economic ramifications acceptance could have for the relationship between Switzerland and the European Union and they were willing to take the risk. However, what should give the initiative's opponents a glimmer of hope is the fact that a majority believed that the principle of free movement would somehow be negotiable. Given the ongoing refusal of the EU to renegotiate that principle, these voters might have become less confident about its negotiability than they were before the vote.
Professor Yamuna Kachru and creativity in Hindi linguistics
Authors: BHATIA TEJ K. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to identify the salient features of Professor Yamuna Kachru's contributions to Hindi linguistics. The paper begins by identifying the seven research areas of her contributions and then goes on to focus on her pioneering work on Hindi syntax and her final work on Hindi grammar. The seven areas embody a wide range of topics. Although a detailed treatment of the topics is beyond the scope of an article such as this, it suffices to say the papers offer state‐of‐the art treatments of these topics within the latest theoretical framework of that time. The specific aspects of her theoretical and methodological contributions are underscored in the conclusion after noting the wide‐ranging impact of her scholarship on succeeding generations of Hindi linguists. Simply put, she was the Chomsky of Hindi linguistics – a pioneer, a visionary, a teacher and a scholar.
Creativity and ‘expanding noetics’ in world Englishes
Authors: Nelson Cecil L. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe title of Professor Yamuna Kachru's paper, ‘Culture, Style, and Discourse: Expanding Noetics of English’ (1992a) immediately raises an intriguing aspect of the spread and functions of world Englishes. The code, with all its potential variations in forms, may well serve as a window into and a means of approaching the ‘cultures, styles, and discourses’ of groups and people who are outside our own first‐hand and comfortable experiences. Excerpts from some culturally relevant texts, including some cited by Kachru, may serve to explicate and further substantiate this approach.
English as a plural language: The significance of Yamuna Kachru
Authors: SRIDHAR S. N , SRIDHAR KAMAL K. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn a distinguished career spanning five decades Professor Yamuna Kachru enriched several areas of linguistics and applied language studies. This initial appreciation attempts to show how her family background, education, and experience on three continents shaped her interests and perspectives. The evolution of her research is structured as a series of concentric circles, each informed by the previous ones. The inner circle is her monumental work on Hindi grammar and sociolinguistics. The second circle concerns contrastive analysis, second language acquisition and teaching, and multilingualism. The third circle involves pragmatics, discourse structure, and world Englishes. The salient features of her scholarship are outlined, along with her vital role in bringing about world‐wide recognition of the new paradigm of world Englishes through original research, teaching, and building the academic infrastructure for the field through texts, reference works, the journal World Englishes, and the professional society IAWE.