bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How German children use intonation to signal information status in narrative discourse
Authors: DE RUITER LAURA E. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTRecent research on adult German suggests that speakers use particular pitch accent types to signal the information status of discourse referents. This study investigates to what extent German five- and seven-year-olds have acquired this mapping. Semi-natural speech data was obtained from a picture-elicited narration task in which the information status was systematically varied. Surprisingly, data from an adult control group were inconsistent with the claim of a clear status-accent mapping, and demonstrated that adult scripted speech cannot be taken as a target model. However, compared with adults' unscripted speech productions, children were indeed adult-like in their information status marking. Both child groups accented new referents, but tended to deaccent given referents. Accessible referents (whose first mentions were less recent) were mostly realized like new referents. Differences between adults and children emerged in the use of intonation to structure narrations, suggesting that some functions of intonation may be acquired only later.
Patterns of skill attainment and loss in young children with autism
Authors: Thurm Audrey , Manwaring Stacy S. , Luckenbaugh David A. , Lord Catherine , Swedo Susan E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to extend the literature on the ontogeny of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by examining early attainment and loss of specific sociocommunicative skills in children with autism (AUT; n = 125), pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS; n = 42), nonspectrum developmental delays (n = 46), and typical development (n = 31). The ages of skill attainment and loss were obtained from a caregiver interview. The findings indicated that children with AUT, PDD-NOS, and developmental delays diverged from typically developing children in attainment of sociocommunicative skills early in the first year of life. Loss of at least one skill was reported in a majority of children with AUT and PDD-NOS. Significant delays in attainment of skills were also reported in children who lost skills. The wide variation in skill attainment and loss reported across children indicates that symptom onset and regression may be best represented continuously, with at least some early delay and loss present for a great majority of children with ASD.
The role of the cardiologist in the evaluation of dysautonomia
Authors: Boris Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, or dysautonomia, is an uncommon disease. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is one of the several types of dysautonomia. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, also known as chronic orthostatic intolerance, is the most common but least severe of the dysautonomic disorders; it will serve as the model for evaluation and management of the other dysautonomias. Overall, these patients can have variable dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system that is more severe than that observed in typical neurocardiogenic syncope. Frequently, providers are not familiar with either the evaluation or the management of this syndrome, or are just not interested in doing so. This article attempts to describe strategies for evaluation and management of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. The diagnosis of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is made by the finding of orthostatic intolerance associated with a pulse greater than 120 beats per minute in the first 10 minutes of upright position or an elevation in pulse greater than 30 beats per minute in the first 10 minutes of upright position. Overall, these patients can have variable dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system that is more severe than that seen in typical neurocardiogenic syncope. A wide variety of associated symptoms may exist and these symptoms can have tremendous impact on the lives of the patients and their families. Management of these patients can be difficult as well as rewarding. It is helpful to perform an extensive education up front with these patients and their families. Interventions for patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome typically fall into two broad categories: non-pharmacological and pharmacological. Non-pharmacological therapies are varied, but are based primarily on ensuring adequate status of intravascular fluid. Polypharmacy may be required to control symptoms associated with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. On account of the severity of their symptoms, these patients frequently have difficulty in completing their school assignments. The physician may need to help support the attempts of the family to work with the school to help the patient stay in school. As postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is underdiagnosed and poorly understood, it is a disease that provides an excellent opportunity to perform research. The most important studies would be those that aim to elucidate an aetiology and a pathophysiology of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. In the final analysis, the role of the cardiologist in the evaluation and management of a patient with dysautonomia is to help a patient with severe disability to feel as if they are normal, or much closer to it.
9th Annual William J. Rashkind Memorial Lecture in Paediatric Cardiology: “The Reimbursement Tsunami: Preserving the Passion”
Authors: Campbell Robert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the early 1980s cardiology was dominated by “triple threat individuals” – doctors who were the very best clinicians, very best researchers, and very best teachers. This type of individual usually became the director of the division. Now, however, the amount of knowledge and specialisation in each of these three areas of expertise has exploded. It is not certain that triple threat individuals can or do exist today. Instead, we need to be aiming higher, for a “quintuple threat profession”. Not only do we need expertise in clinical care, teaching, and research, but also we now require business leadership and alignment. No single person can be expert in all five of these areas. In paediatric cardiology we need to invest in the right people. Our new “quintuple threat profession” needs to match the expertise and passion of the right people with our current and future needs. Going forward, we should focus on leadership, teams, and alignment. We need to identify, develop, and empower leaders at all levels within our profession, including physicians, nurses, and hospital administrators. Ultimately, we need a profession that remains clinically led, but professionally managed. The second step of the formula is the development of successful teams, and teamwork. Successful “team behaviour” is not a part of traditional medical education. The third step is alignment. Alignment can be defined as representing the degree to which physicians and organisations, such as hospitals, acting out of enlightened self-interest, operate inside a common vision, mutual goals, and the acceptance of a shared destiny. Imagine the benefits to our profession and our kids if we can provide a new level of leadership, teamwork, and alignment going forward.
RAD-6: pyrimidine synthesis and radiation sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Merry Alyce , Qiao Mengmeng , Hasler Martin , Kuwabara Patricia E. 
Published: November 2013

The Caenorhabditis elegans rad-6 (radiation-sensitive-6) mutant was isolated over 25 years ago in a genetic screen that identified mutants with enhanced sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. In the present paper we describe the molecular identification of the rad-6 gene and reveal that it encodes the bifunctional UMP synthase protein, which carries catalytic activities for OPRTase (orotate phosphoribosyltransferase) and ODCase (orotate monophosphate decarboxylase), key enzymes in the de novo pathway of pyrimidine synthesis. Mutations in genes encoding de novo pathway enzymes cause varying degrees of lethality and pleiotropic phenotypes in many organisms, including humans. We have examined how the absence of rad-6 activity leads to both UV-C hypersensitivity and a decline in both metabolic rate and lifespan. We discuss how rad-6 mutants adapt to the loss of the de novo pathway through a dependency on pyrimidine salvage. We establish further that rad-6(mn160) mutants lack ODCase activity because they are resistant to the cytotoxic effects of 5-FOA (5-fluoroorotic acid). Our results have also led to the identification of a metabolic sensor affecting survival and metabolism, which is dependent on the maternal rad-6 genotype.
Preparation and characterisation of N‐doped SiO2 at TiO2 core–shell structural materials and its photocatalytic property
Authors: Liu Hui , Lv Ting , Li Guangjun , Dong Xiaonan , Zhu Zhenfeng 
Published: November 2013

N‐doped SiO2 at TiO2 core–shell structural materials has been synthesised successfully via a simple two‐step method. First, SiO2 spheres were obtained by using a slightly modified Stöber process. Then, N‐doped SiO2 at TiO2 were prepared via coating SiO2 template with TiO2 layers, followed by N‐doping using NH4NO3 as the N source. According to Kato et al. the as‐obtained products were well characterised by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–vis absorption spectra. The photocatalytic activity of the as‐prepared products was evaluated by photocatalytic decolourisation of rhodamine B aqueous solution at ambient temperature under UV and visible‐light irradiation. The experimental results showed that the diameter of N‐doped SiO2 at TiO2 spheres was about 250 nm and the thickness of the TiO2 shell was 10–20 nm, the products exhibited a high photocatalytic activity because N atoms were incorporated into the titanium dioxide planes to decrease the bandgap energy.
Interfacial X‐ray photospectrometry study of In0.53Ga0.47As under different passivation treatments for metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor devices
Authors: Mohd Razip Wee M.F. , Dehzangi A. , Wichmann N. , Bollaert S. , Yeop Majlis Burhanuddin 
Published: November 2013

In this reported work, comparison is made of a passivation treatment of a III–V compound semiconductor using ammonia and ammonium sulphide solution. The treatment is applied on In0.53Ga0.47As which is chosen for its high mobility especially in high electron mobility transistors. The samples were treated with various parameters such as precursor, vacuum condition and different chemical solutions. Then, samples were deposited with the high k ‐dielectric Al2O3 (4 nm thickness) using the atomic layer deposition technique. Five different passivation treatments were used to give proper comparison. Native oxide elements and contaminants were inspected at the interface of the oxide layer and the substrate using X‐ray photospectrometry in different angles (25° and 70°). The results indicate the effectiveness of some treatments to eliminate the oxide of gallium and arsenic with a slight presence of indium oxide.
A classification approach for DNA methylation profiling with bisulfite next-generation sequencing data
Authors: Cheng Longjie , Zhu Yu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMotivation: With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technology, bisulfite–sequencing-based DNA methylation profiling methods have emerged as the most promising approaches due to their single-base resolution and genome-wide coverage. However, statistical analysis methods for analyzing this type of methylation data are not well developed. Although the most widely used proportion-based estimation method is simple and intuitive, it is not statistically adequate in dealing with the various sources of noise in bisulfite-sequencing data. Furthermore, it is not biologically satisfactory in applications that require binary methylation status calls.Results: In this article, we use a mixture of binomial model to characterize bisulfite-sequencing data, and based on the model, we propose to use a classification-based procedure, called the methylation status calling (MSC) procedure, to make binary methylation status calls. The MSC procedure is optimal in terms of maximizing the overall correct allocation rate, and the false discovery rate (FDR) and false non-discovery rate (FNDR) of MSC can be estimated. To control FDR at any given level, we further develop an FDR-controlled MSC procedure, which combines a local FDR-based adaptive procedure with the MSC procedure. Both simulation study and real data application are carried out to examine the performance of the proposed procedures. It is shown in our simulation study that the estimates of FDR and FNDR of the MSC procedure are appropriate. Simulation study also demonstrates that the FDR-controlled MSC procedure is valid in controlling FDR at a prespecified level and is more powerful than the individual binomial testing procedure. In the real data application, the MSC procedure exhibits an estimated FDR of 0.1426 and an estimated FNDR of 0.0067. The overall correct allocation rate is &gt;0.97. These results suggest the effectiveness of our proposed procedures.Availability and implementation: The proposed procedures are implemented in R and are available at http://www.stat.purdue.edu/∼cheng70/code.html.Contact: cheng70@purdue.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are is available at Bioinformatics online.
jMetalCpp: optimizing molecular docking problems with a C++ metaheuristic framework
Authors: López-Camacho Esteban , García Godoy María Jesús , Nebro Antonio J. , Aldana-Montes José F. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMotivation: Molecular docking is a method for structure-based drug design and structural molecular biology, which attempts to predict the position and orientation of a small molecule (ligand) in relation to a protein (receptor) to produce a stable complex with a minimum binding energy. One of the most widely used software packages for this purpose is AutoDock, which incorporates three metaheuristic techniques. We propose the integration of AutoDock with jMetalCpp, an optimization framework, thereby providing both single- and multi-objective algorithms that can be used to effectively solve docking problems.Results: The resulting combination of AutoDock + jMetalCpp allows users of the former to easily use the metaheuristics provided by the latter. In this way, biologists have at their disposal a richer set of optimization techniques than those already provided in AutoDock. Moreover, designers of metaheuristic techniques can use molecular docking for case studies, which can lead to more efficient algorithms oriented to solving the target problems.Availability and implementation: jMetalCpp software adapted to AutoDock is freely available as a C++ source code at http://khaos.uma.es/AutodockjMetal/.Contact: jfam@lcc.uma.esSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Reprogramming homing endonuclease specificity through computational design and directed evolution
Authors: Thyme Summer B. , Boissel Sandrine J. S. , Arshiya Quadri S. , Nolan Tony , Baker Dean A. , Park Rachel U. , Kusak Lara , Ashworth Justin , Baker David 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Homing endonucleases (HEs) can be used to induce targeted genome modification to reduce the fitness of pathogen vectors such as the malaria-transmitting Anopheles gambiae and to correct deleterious mutations in genetic diseases. We describe the creation of an extensive set of HE variants with novel DNA cleavage specificities using an integrated experimental and computational approach. Using computational modeling and an improved selection strategy, which optimizes specificity in addition to activity, we engineered an endonuclease to cleave in a gene associated with Anopheles sterility and another to cleave near a mutation that causes pyruvate kinase deficiency. In the course of this work we observed unanticipated context-dependence between bases which will need to be mechanistically understood for reprogramming of specificity to succeed more generally.
Weathering the downturn
Authors: Kailasam Murali , Johri Lalit M. , Wongsurawat Winai 
Published: November 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to highlight successful strategies leaders can use to sustain and grow business during the economic business cycle variation.Design/methodology/approachOpinions were based on 32 interviews conducted during December‐2010 to November‐2011 with CXO's, Business/Functional Heads from seven leading Indian IT/ITES public listed companies that partnered and delivered solutions to global corporations including Fortune‐500 companies. One of the interview queries was to share experience, views and opinions on what works during recession and how should one tackle recovery.FindingsThis paper offers 11 handy strategies for practitioners like executives, leaders and managers to manage the economic cycles better. These common findings from several cases are summarized supported with specific examples. They are: cost management need not go overboard; incessantly monitor, control and sustain; communication, culture and empathy helps; quality bolsters empathy; stay invested to be relevant; innovation needs to be disruptive; diversification leverages law of averages; people are imperative; customers need to be venerated; change and risk management is inevitable; coherence and prudence needed.Practical implicationsThe paper provides strategic insights and practical solutions that can protect organizations world‐wide from failing during economic recessions.Social implicationsThe paper provides strategic insights and practical solutions that can have a broader social impact.Originality/valueThe paper presents the arguments in a condensed and easy‐to‐digest format supported with live organization examples for easy comprehension.
A knowledge‐supported improvement of the PSO method
Authors: Sevis Deniz , Senel Kamil , Denizhan Yagmur 
Published: November 2013

PurposeThe Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method makes few or no assumptions about the optimization problem at hand and is applicable without much information about the problem. Although this fact constitutes one of the most important advantages of the PSO method, it can also be considered as a waste of available knowledge about the specific problem, which could have drastically improved the search performance. This paper aims to introduce an improvement to the PSO method such that the exploitation of any available knowledge about the specific optimization problem can be combined with the powerful blind‐search ability of the original method.Design/methodology/approachThe improvement is achieved by the so‐called Knowledge Supported PSO (KS‐PSO), which consists of a combination of two modes: a mode that operates according to the original PSO approach and a knowledge‐based mode which the user has to design for the specific problem.FindingsThe application of the proposed KS‐PSO method is presented for two rather different optimization problems chosen from the domain of control and computer engineering: the model‐free tuning of a Fractional‐Order PID controller and the training of a single‐layer perceptron. The simulation results demonstrate the performance improvement in KS‐PSO as compared to the original PSO.Originality/valueThis paper presents a novel version of the well‐known PSO method, which achieves performance improvement by combining the original blind‐search capability with the exploitation of available knowledge about the specific problem.
Twenty‐first century librarians: time for Zones of Intervention and Zones of Proximal Development?
Authors: Fourie Ina 
Published: November 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this contribution is to encourage library and information (LIS) professionals to draw on the initiatives by Carol Kuhlthau to align information seeking with learning theories and new roles for intermediaries. Considering the vast array of developments in information communication technology (ICT), and the challenges and pressures for continuing professional development (CPD) and reflection, it seems timely to encourage experimentation with the ideas of Kuhlthau on Zones of Intervention and Lev Vygotsky on Zones of Proximal Development (ZPD), as means to becomeau faitwith these theories, ideas and related research, and to apply these theories and ideas on a practical level to offer opportunities for the continuing professional development of LIS professionals with specific reference to ICT, and to eventually also impact on the training of users.Design/methodology/approachThis contribution will be written against the background of research from information literacy, information behaviour (including information seeking), the learning theory of Vygotsky on Zones of Proximal Development, and continuing professional development.FindingsAlthough the information seeking process (ISP) model of Kuhlthau is widely cited, the idea of Zones of Intervention which she developed from the work of Vygotsky does unfortunately not feature strongly in the LIS literature. Considering the literature on Zones of Proximal Development, it can, however, hold much potential for LIS professionals to align support with information seeking with professional (optimal) development – especially if using the focus (Zones of Intervention and Zones of Proximal Development) as a means to becomeau fait, and if initially taking a more practical and relaxed approach as point of departure.Originality/valueRelatively few publications on Zones of Intervention and Zones of Proximal Development appear in the LIS literature. None of these are to the author's knowledge, aligned to the continuing professional development of LIS professionals on a practical level or with regard to fully exploiting ICT developments.
Medical leadership and engagement: no longer an optional extra
Authors: Clark John 
Published: November 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the factors that are leading many international health systems to seek new ways of getting doctors to be more engaged in management, leadership and service improvement.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the growing research and literature that is demonstrating a strong association between extent of medical engagement and clinical and organisational performance. The current NHS reforms in England place general practitioners very much at the centre of the commissioning process and increasingly consultant medical staff are leading the drive to improve access, quality, safety and new ways of delivering care within hospitals and across health systems.FindingsIn parallel with political and organisational change, the medical profession has been redefining the characteristics of a good doctor. This includes not only the reinforcement of the need for doctors to be clinical experts but also good managers and leaders. As the custodians of the processes and micro‐systems of health care, doctors are ideally placed to lead improvements. The paper argues that there is perhaps congruence between politicians and policy makers for greater medical leadership and engagement with doctors becoming “shareholders” in the running of services, organisations and systems.Originality/valueThe paper concludes that perhaps the era of strong general management may be replaced by one where non‐clinical managers and clinicians work in partnership to optimise the different expertise, experience and values to achieve high quality, productive and patient‐focused care.