bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geosemantic Snapping for Sketch‐Based Modeling
Authors: Shtof A. , Agathos A. , Gingold Y. , Shamir A. , Cohen‐Or D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractModeling 3D objects from sketches is a process that requires several challenging problems including segmentation, recognition and reconstruction. Some of these tasks are harder for humans and some are harder for the machine. At the core of the problem lies the need for semantic understanding of the shape's geometry from the sketch. In this paper we propose a method to model 3D objects from sketches by utilizing humans specifically for semantic tasks that are very simple for humans and extremely difficult for the machine, while utilizing the machine for tasks that are harder for humans. The user assists recognition and segmentation by choosing and placing specific geometric primitives on the relevant parts of the sketch. The machine first snaps the primitive to the sketch by fitting its projection to the sketch lines, and then improves the model globally by inferring geosemantic constraints that link the different parts. The fitting occurs in real‐time, allowing the user to be only as precise as needed to have a good starting configuration for this non‐convex optimization problem. We evaluate the accessibility of our approach with a user study.
Fleshing: Spine‐driven Bending with Local Volume Preservation
Authors: Zhuo Wei , Rossignac Jarek 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSeveral design and animation techniques use a one‐dimensional proxy C (a spine curve in 3D) to control the deformation or behavior of a digital model of a 3D shape S. We propose a modification of these “skinning” techniques that ensures local volume preservation, which is important for the physical plausibility of digital simulations. In the proposed “fleshing” techniques, as input, we consider a smooth spine C0, a model S0 of a solid that lies “sufficiently close” to C0, and a deformed version C1 of C0 that is “not overly bent”. (We provide a precise characterization of these restrictions.) As output, we produce a bijective mapping M, that maps any point X of S onto a point M(X) of M(S). M satisfies two properties: (1) The closest projection of X on C0 and of M(X) on C1 have the same arc length parameter. (2) U and M(U) have the same volume, where U is any subset of S. We provide three different closed form expressions for radial, normal and binormal fleshing and discuss the details of their practical real‐time implementation.
By–example synthesis of curvilinear structured patterns
Authors: Zhou Shizhe , Lasram Anass , Lefebvre Sylvain 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMany algorithms in Computer Graphics require to synthesize a pattern along a curve. This is for instance the case with line stylization, to decorate objects with elaborate patterns (chains, laces, scratches), or to synthesize curvilinear features such as mountain ridges, rivers or roads.We describe a simple yet effective method for this problem. Our method addresses the main challenge of maintaining the continuity of the pattern while following the curve. It allows some freedom to the synthesized pattern: It may locally diverge from the curve so as to allow for a more natural global result. This also lets the pattern escape areas of overlaps or fold‐overs. This makes our method particularly well suited to structured, detailed patterns following complex curves.Our synthesizer copies tilted pieces of the exemplar along the curve, following its orientation. The result is optimized through a shortest path search, with dynamic programming. We speed up the process by an efficient parallel implementation. Finally, since discontinuities may always remain we propose an optional post‐processing step optimally deforming neighboring pieces to smooth the transitions.
Example‐based Interpolation and Synthesis of Bidirectional Texture Functions
Authors: Ruiters Roland , Schwartz Christopher , Klein Reinhard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBidirectional Texture Functions (BTF) have proven to be a well‐suited representation for the reproduction of measured real‐world surface appearance and provide a high degree of realism. We present an approach for designing novel materials by interpolating between several measured BTFs. For this purpose, we transfer concepts from existing texture interpolation methods to the much more complex case of material interpolation. We employ a separation of the BTF into a heightmap and a parallax compensated BTF to cope with problems induced by parallax, masking and shadowing within the material. By working only on the factorized representation of the parallax compensated BTF and the heightmap, it is possible to efficiently perform the material interpolation. By this novel method to mix existing BTFs, we are able to design plausible and realistic intermediate materials for a large range of different opaque material classes. Furthermore, it allows for the synthesis of tileable and seamless BTFs and finally even the generation of gradually changing materials following user specified material distribution maps.
Primitive Trees for Precomputed Distance Queries
Authors: Lee Sung‐Ho , Park Taejung , Kim Chang‐Hun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe propose the primitive tree, a novel and compact space‐partition method that samples and reconstructs a distance field with high accuracy, even for regions far from the surfaces. The primitive tree is based on the octree and stores the indices of the nearest primitives in its leaf nodes. Most previous approaches have involved a trade‐off between accuracy and speed in distance queries, but our method can improve both aspects simultaneously. In addition, our method can sample unsigned distance fields effectively, even for self‐intersecting and nonmanifold models. We present test results showing that our method can sample and represent large scenes, with more than ten million triangles, rapidly and accurately.
Rendering Gigaray Light Fields
Authors: Birklbauer C. , Opelt S. , Bimber O. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present a caching framework with a novel probability‐based prefetching and eviction strategy applied to atomic cache units that enables interactive rendering of gigaray light fields. Further, we describe two new use cases that are supported by our framework: panoramic light fields, including a robust imaging technique and an appropriate parameterization scheme for real‐time rendering and caching; and light‐field‐cached volume rendering, which supports interactive exploration of large volumetric datasets using light‐field rendering. We consider applications such as light‐field photography and the visualization of large image stacks from modern scanning microscopes.
Retrospective success and survival rates of dental implants placed with simultaneous bone augmentation in partially edentulous patients
Authors: Bazrafshan Nima , Darby Ivan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the success and survival rate of dental implants placed with simultaneous hard tissue grafting.Material and methodsAll patients treated in Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne who had implant placement with and without guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures were identified. Seventy‐three attended a follow‐up appointment. These patients were examined recording probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque accumulation and radiographic bone loss by one examiner. Clinical and radiographic findings were compared in grafted and non‐grafted groups and also analysed for years in function.ResultsApproximately 50% of implants were placed simultaneous guided bone regeneration technique. In the majority of cases, defects were filled by deproteinized bovine bone mineral and covered with collagen membrane. The range of time in function was 20–88 months with a mean 34.8 (±1.7). Seventy‐nine per cent of the implants placed in anterior maxilla were placed with GBR, while only 18% in posterior mandible needed grafting procedure. The cumulative implant survival rates at the time of examination was 97.95% for both GBR and non‐GBR group. The mean PPD, BOP, and Plaque index were not statistically significantly different in GBR vs. non‐GBR groups two to seven years in function. However, bone loss is significantly less in GBR group 2–7 years after function. The overall success rate was around 90% after 2–7 years in function with the GBR group slightly less than the non‐GBR group, but not statistically significant.ConclusionsFor the subjects included in this retrospective study, the data demonstrate that GBR is a predictable procedure. The survival and success rates of the implants inserted with simultaneous GBR were similar, if slightly lower, to the non‐grafted implants.
Effects of Road Mortality and Mitigation Measures on Amphibian Populations
Authors: BEEBEE TREVOR J. C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRoad mortality is a widely recognized but rarely quantified threat to the viability of amphibian populations. The global extent of the problem is substantial and factors affecting the number of animals killed on highways include life‐history traits and landscape features. Secondary effects include genetic isolation due to roads acting as barriers to migration. Long‐term effects of roads on population dynamics are often severe and mitigation methods include volunteer rescues and under‐road tunnels. Despite the development of methods that reduce road kill in specific locations, especially under‐road tunnels and culverts, there is scant evidence that such measures will protect populations over the long term. There also seems little likelihood that funding will be forthcoming to ameliorate the problem at the scale necessary to prevent further population declines.Efectos de la Mortalidad en Carreteras y Medidas de Mitigación en Poblaciones de Anfibios Beebee
Rethinking Corruption in Conservation Crime: Insights from Madagascar
Authors: Gore Meredith L. , Ratsimbazafy Jonah , Lute Michelle L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCorruption affects biodiversity conservation. Mechanisms that more effectively reform corruption and mitigate negative effects of corruption on conservation are needed, especially in biodiversity hotspots such as Madagascar. Local definitions of corrupt behavior, attitudes about reforms, and motivations for noncompliance may generate deeper understanding about corruption, which in turn may advance the conservation community's thinking and invite new solutions. We conducted in‐depth interviews with Malagasy residents living adjacent to the Makira/Masoala Conservation Area, querying perceptions about regional corruption, rules in use (i.e., social norms or rules in action), rule breaking, and mechanisms for reform. Most participants framed noncompliance with conservation rules as a deficit/absence (e.g., lack of knowledge of rules), defined local corruption more as an omission of duty than a commission of crime, and discussed poverty, unfairness, and diverse rules in use related to corruption. Traditional framing of corruption singularly as a lack or absence of honesty and morality or as a normative phenomenon does not seem wholly accurate at reflecting, or for thinking about, the local context. Data herein allude such inaccuracy may be most noteworthy at the level of corruption reform. Rethinking corruption in conservation crime as a blend of dimensions may liberalize the suite of reform mechanisms available to conservationists.
Corporate Governance and Performance in Socially Responsible Corporations: New Empirical Insights from a Neo‐Institutional Framework
Authors: Ntim Collins G. , Soobaroyen Teerooven 
Published: May 2013

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThis paper investigates the relationship between corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) and, consequently, examines whether CG can positively moderate the association between corporate financial performance (CFP) and CSR.Research Findings/InsightsUsing a sample of large listed corporations from 2002 to 2009, we find that, on average, better‐governed corporations tend to pursue a more socially responsible agenda through increased CSR practices. We also find that a combination of CSR and CG practices has a stronger positive effect on CFP than CSR alone, implying that CG positively influences the CFP‐CSR relationship. Our results are robust to controlling for different types of endogeneities, as well as alternative CFP, CG and CSR proxies.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe paper generally contributes to the literature on CG, CSR, and CFP. Specifically, we make two main new contributions to the extant literature by drawing on new insights from an overarching neo‐institutional framework. First, we show why and how better‐governed corporations are more likely to pursue a more socially responsible agenda. Second, we provide evidence on why and how CG might strengthen the link between CFP and CSR.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur findings have important implications for corporate regulators and policy‐makers. Since our evidence suggests that better‐governed corporations are more likely to be more socially responsible with a consequential positive effect on CFP, it provides corporate regulators, managers and policy‐makers with a new impetus to develop a more explicit agenda of jointly pursuing CG and CSR reforms, instead of merely considering CSR as a peripheral component of CG or as an independent corporate activity.
Economic aspects of post‐border weed risk management
Authors: Hester Susan M. , Cacho Oscar J. , Dane Panetta F. , Hauser Cindy E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimDecision‐making in weed management involves consideration of limited budgets, long time horizons, conflicting priorities, and as a result, trade‐offs. Economics provides tools that allow these issues to be addressed and is thus integral to management of the risks posed by weeds. One of the critical issues in weed risk management during the early stages of an invasion concerns feasibility of eradication. We briefly review how economics may be used in weed risk management, concentrating on this management strategy.LocationAustralia.MethodsA range of innovative studies that investigate aspects of weed risk management are reviewed. We show how these could be applied to newly invading weeds, focussing on methods for investigating eradication feasibility. In particular, eradication feasibility is analysed in terms of cost and duration of an eradication programme, using a simulation model based on field‐derived parameter values for chromolaena, Chromolaena odorata.ResultsThe duration of an eradication programme can be reduced by investing in progressively higher amounts of search effort per hectare, but increasing search area will become relatively more expensive as search effort increases. When variation in survey and control success is taken into account, increasing search effort also reduces uncertainty around the required duration of the eradication programme.Main conclusionsEconomics is integral to the management of the risks posed by weeds. Decision analysis, based on economic principles, is now commonly used to tackle key issues that confront weed managers. For eradication feasibility, duration and cost of a weed eradication programme are critical components; the dimensions of both factors can usefully be estimated through simulation.
A method for designing complex biosecurity surveillance systems: detecting non‐indigenous species of invertebrates on Barrow Island
Authors: Whittle Peter J. L. , Stoklosa Richard , Barrett Susan , Jarrad Frith C. , Majer Jonathan D. , Martin P. A. J. , Mengersen Kerrie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimWe developed a new method to design objective, risk‐based surveillance systems for non‐indigenous species of invertebrates, vertebrates and plants, which might be introduced to a natural area through an industrial project; here, we provide the invertebrate case study. The method addresses issues common to complex surveillance design problems: a statistical standard (e.g. power); information gaps; multiple targets of unclear identity; a large surveillance area of heterogeneous risk of invasion; integrating multiple sources of surveillance data; optimizing for cost.LocationBarrow Island, Western Australia.MethodsWe mapped the surveillance area for risk to target surveillance activities. An expert group identified a set of exemplar species and identified and characterized a set of detection methods for each, such that all potential invaders would be detected. We devised multi‐element surveillance systems to detect each exemplar to the design power (0.8), then integrated them to a single system that was optimized for cost.ResultsThe surveillance system was deployed on the island to specification over 1 year, then reviewed for redesign in a second period.Main conclusionsThe new method provided practical, risk‐based surveillance system designs that met application requirements and overcame complex issues common to many surveillance applications. A review of experiences from surveillance in the first year led to practical improvements and design efficiencies.
Uncertainties in coupled species distribution–metapopulation dynamics models for risk assessments under climate change
Authors: Naujokaitis‐Lewis Ilona R. , Curtis Janelle M. R. , Tischendorf Lutz , Badzinski Debbie , Lindsay Kathryn , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) coupled with metapopulation dynamics models can integrate multiple threats and population‐level processes that influence species distributions. However, multiple sources of uncertainties could lead to substantial differences in model outputs and jeopardize risk assessments. We evaluate uncertainties in coupled species distribution–metapopulation dynamics models and focus on two often underappreciated sources of uncertainty: the choice of general circulation model (GCM) and demographic parameter uncertainty of the metapopulation model. We rank the risks associated with potential climate changes and habitat loss on projected range margin dynamics of the Hooded Warbler (Setophaga citrina).LocationBreeding range of the Hooded Warbler, North America.MethodsUsing SDMs, we quantified variability in projected future distributions using four GCMs and a consensus model at the biogeographic scale and assessed the propagation of uncertainty through to metapopulation viability projections. We applied a global sensitivity analysis to the coupled species distribution–metapopulation models to rank the influence of choice of GCM, parameter uncertainty and simulated effects of habitat loss on metapopulation viability, thereby addressing error propagation through the whole modelling process.ResultsThe Hooded Warbler range was consistently projected to shift north: choice of GCMs influenced the magnitude of change, and variability was spatially structured. Variability in the choice of GCMs propagated through to metapopulation viability at the northern range boundary. Although viability measures were sensitive to the GCM used, measures of direct habitat loss were more influential. Despite the high ranking of vital rates in the global sensitivity analysis, direct habitat loss had a larger negative influence on extinction risk than potential future climate changes.Main conclusionsThis work underscores the importance of a global sensitivity analysis framework applied to coupled models to disentangle the relative influence of uncertainties on projections. The use of multiple GCMs enabled the exploration of a range of possible outcomes relative to the consensus GCM, helping to inform risk estimates. Ranking uncertainties informs the prioritization of management actions for species affected by dynamic anthropogenic threats over multiple spatial scales.
Model‐based search strategies for plant diseases: a case study using citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri)
Authors: Potts Joanne M. , Cox Martin J. , Barkley Patricia , Christian Rochelle , Telford Grant , Burgman Mark A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimBiosecurity responses to incursions aim to achieve pest‐ or disease‐free status as quickly as possible. One of the critical initial response activities involves tracing known movements (trace events) to and from an infected or infested property (IP) that could spread the pest or pathogen. During an incursion response, managers allocate surveillance resources to follow up trace events in order of priority. Prioritizing trace events is difficult and typically subjective. We present a simulation model where several dispersal mechanisms spread a pest between areas. We use model outputs to test different search strategies, using citrus canker (caused by Xanthomonas citri) as a case study. Model scenarios are based on an outbreak of citrus canker that occurred in Queensland in 2004.LocationAustralia.MethodsModel parameters were extracted from published scientific reports and elicited from experts. We used model outputs to assess three search strategies to determine how best to monitor citrus canker spread. Parameters governing disease detectability and host susceptibility were varied in a sensitivity analysis.ResultsIn all simulation scenarios, the ‘adaptive radius’ rule performed best, whereby a circular search area was placed around the IP where the disease outbreak was first detected, with a radius proportional to the estimated number of months the property was infected. Importantly, none of the search rules tested detected all IPs without searching all areas with susceptible hosts in the region.Main conclusionsWe identify a simple rule of thumb for searching during a citrus canker outbreak that is robust to uncertainty. We cannot generalize the results of this study for tracing other pests or pathogens. The model has created a framework that may be used to explore other contexts and disease dynamics, leading perhaps to more general rules for disease outbreak management.
Epidemiology and risk factors for chronic kidney disease in patients with ischaemic stroke
Authors: Bao Yu‐Shi , Song Li‐Ting , Zhong Di , Song A‐Xia , Jia Xi‐Bei , Liu Rui‐Chan , Xie Ru‐Juan , Na Shi‐Ping 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence for an association between chronic renal disease (CKD) and adverse cerebrovascular events because of the overlap of several risk factors. The purpose of this study is to examine the epidemiology of CKD and the characteristics of risk factors for CKD in the population with ischaemic stroke.MethodsThis retrospective study included 571 patients with ischaemic stroke. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation. Renal function was assessed according to the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI)‐CKD classification.ResultsStudy demonstrated that the major factors associated with CKD in the ischaemic stroke patients were age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and serum uric acid. Diabetes mellitus (OR 4·146, 95% CI 1·047–16·418, P = 0·043), hypertension and diabetes mellitus (OR 3·574, 95% CI 1·248–10·234, P = 0·018), serum uric acid (OR 1·010, 95% CI 1·006–1·013, P < 0·001) and LDL cholesterol (OR 1·431, 95% CI 1·063–1·928, P = 0·018) were independent risk factors associated with CKD in the patients with ischaemic stroke.ConclusionsThe patients with ischaemic stroke may be considered as a high‐risk population for CKD and be aggressively managed for CKD prevention. The high prevalence of CKD in population with ischaemic stroke prompts the need for greater public awareness about risks of CKD.