bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stepwise‐refinement for performance: a methodology for many‐core programming
Authors: Hijma P. , van Nieuwpoort R. V. , Jacobs C. J. H. , Bal H. E. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryMany‐core hardware is targeted specifically at obtaining high performance, but reaching high performance is often challenging because hardware‐specific details have to be taken into account. Although there are many programming systems that try to alleviate many‐core programming, some providing a high‐level language, others providing a low‐level language for control, none of these systems have a clear and systematic methodology as a foundation. In this article, we propose stepwise‐refinement for performance: a novel, clear, and structured methodology for obtaining high performance on many‐cores. We present a system that supports this methodology, offers multiple levels of abstraction to provide programmers a trade‐off between high‐level and low‐level programming, and provides programmers detailed performance feedback. We evaluate our methodology with several widely varying compute kernels on two different many‐core architectures: a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) and the Xeon Phi. We show that our methodology gives insight in the performance, and that in almost all cases, we gain a substantial performance improvement using our methodology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Responses of benthic invertebrates to repeated hydropeaking in semi‐natural flume simulations
Authors: Bruno Maria Cristina , Cashman Matthew J. , Maiolini Bruno , Biffi Sofia , Zolezzi Guido 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe assessed the effects of repeated hydropeaking over five consecutive days on the zoobenthic community by manipulating discharge in five experimental flumes directly fed by an Alpine stream. Treatment consisted of two different hydropeaking intensities which increased discharge two‐ and threefold from baseflow and lasted for 5 h each day. The resulting sudden changes in flow directly affected benthic invertebrates through the induction of catastrophic drift as a direct response to high (hydropeaking) flow conditions, and of behavioural drift in the low, baseflow conditions (at the conclusion of each hydropeaking event) for some taxa. We observed: an initial strong peak in catastrophic drift within the first 3 min of increased discharge, followed by a decreased drift rate throughout the following hours of the experiment; a strong response in the first day of the simulation, with successive days having substantially decreased drift; taxa‐specific responses over the short and long‐time scales: least‐resistant taxa (i.e. Baetis spp.) were removed via the initial catastrophic drift, while more resistant taxa began to behaviourally drift later in each hydropeak (i.e. Simuliidae). Peaks in drift rates corresponded to the initial removal of CPOM which, during low flows, provided habitat and food resource for a high number of individuals and taxa. Quantification of drift responses over time scales larger than the single hydropeaking event underlines the relevance of the typical intermittency and repetition frequency as a stress factor for benthic communities, and that the response to hydropeaking is closely related to the time elapsed since the last perturbation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regioselective Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction of meso‐Pentafluorophenyl‐Substituted Porphyrinoids with Alcohols
Authors: Golf Hartwig R. A. , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Wiehe Arno 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA detailed study of the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of meso‐pentafluorophenyl‐substituted tetrapyrrole systems with different alcohols is presented. The systematic investigation of various alcohols and bases in two different solvents led to optimized reaction conditions, allowing the selective substitution of the p‐fluorine atoms of meso‐pentafluorophenyl‐substituted porphyrins, their zinc complexes, and a meso‐tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole with alcohols and a simple base in high yields. When applied to A3B porphyrins in combination with suitable protecting groups, functionalized, polar A3B porphyrins can be prepared in a simple two‐step one‐pot procedure. By using the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction, a dimeric porphyrin system was synthesized. In addition, the copper(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of properly functionalized meso‐pentafluorophenyl‐substituted porphyrins led to the corresponding porphyrin dimer with a 1,2,3‐triazole linker. The method described herein allows a simple and fast approach towards multifunctionalized porphyrinoids based on meso‐pentafluorophenyl‐substituted tetrapyrroles.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of the Tetraferrocenyl‐Cavitand in Dimethyl Formamide Solvent Using Platinum and Carbon Working Electrodes
Authors: Filotás Dániel , Nagy Lívia , Kégl Timea R. , Csók Zsolt , Kollár László , Nagy Géza 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA tetraferrocenyl‐cavitand was synthesized through copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The electrochemical property of the cavitand possessing four ferrocenyl moieties at the upper rim was investigated in dimethyl formamide solvent using platinum and carbon working electrodes. Quasi reversible redox character was observed and no electrode fouling could be found. Different electrochemical methods were selected for determination of the diffusion coefficient and number of electrons taking part in the redox process of this species. Electrochemical measurements were carried out with ferrocene and the cavitand, utilizing the same cells, electrodes and conditions. The obtained results were compared.
Synthesis of Enantiomeric Aminoalkylcarbamoylphosphonates and Their Evaluation as Dual‐Action Anticancer MMP and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Authors: Veerendhar Ainelly , Cohen Shmuel , Frant Julia , Supuran Claudiu T. , Reich Reuven , Breuer Eli 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTCarbamoylphosphonates (CPOs) have recently been identified as extracellular in vivo active inhibitors of the cancer and metastasis‐promoting extracellular enzymes, carbonic anhydrases (CAs) IX and XII, and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2). This article describes the stereoselective synthesis and the evaluation of the biological properties of a pair of enantiomeric aminoalkylcarbamoylphosphonates, which have been enantioselectively synthesized from l‐serine, using functional group‐transformations. The structures of the enantiomeric products have been determined by X‐ray crystallography. The enantiomeric purities of compounds have been confirmed by chiral shift reagent NMR experiments and by circular dichroism. In vitro evaluation of the CPOs synthesized revealed that they possess micromolar IC50 inhibitory action against CAIX and CAXII. The two enantiomers as well as the racemic or optically inactive ones do not differ by any significant extent from previously reported CPOs’ CA inhibitory values. On the other hand, MMPs inhibitory activities are rather weak; only MMP‐2 showed a notable IC50 value.
Soil moisture dynamics across landscape types in an arid inland river basin of Northwest China
Authors: Liu Hu , Zhao Wenzhi , He Zhibin , Liu Jintao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA combination of field measurements, continuous monitoring and numerical modelling was used to evaluate soil moisture regimes at four sites across a landscape gradient of the Heihe River Basin. Recorded data of precipitation, irrigation and floods were used to build the model, and an optimization technique was employed to calibrate the parameters. Based on the optimized parameters and estimates of future scenarios, the modelling structure was employed to predict the changes in the growing season soil moisture regimes due to climate change and intensive management. The results suggest that the upper‐reach Yeniugou and Xishui sites will become wetter because of alterations in the precipitation regime, and this trend could be strengthened by the expected amplified interannual variability. Precipitation features at middle‐reach Linze and lower‐reach Ejina, however, are not expected to change in the future. We assumed that a more water‐saving irrigation system will replace the current traditional one, and hence, the soil moisture probability density function at the Linze site would tend to be narrowed to ranges around either the wilting point or the point of incipient water stress, depending on how the intervention point and target level are settled. Ejina is expected to experience the most extreme ecological conversion effects in the future, and soil moisture would be more frequently recharged by water delivery. However, the soil moisture regime would not change much because of the poor water‐holding capacity and intensive evaporation. The revealed patterns and predicted shifts in soil moisture dynamics could provide a useful reference for identifying robust long‐term water resource management strategies for the Heihe River Basin. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colorimetric Detection of Small Molecules by a Frustrated Lewis Pair Containing a Phosphorus‐Functionalized CycloheptatrienylCyclopentadienyl Titanium Sandwich Complex
Authors: Theuergarten Eileen , Tagne Kuate Alain C. , Freytag Matthias , Tamm Matthias 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe phosphorus‐functionalized cycloheptatrienylcyclopentadienyl (ChtCp) titanium sandwich complex [(η7‐C7H7)Ti(η5‐C5H4PtBu2)] (7) forms a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) in combination with the borane B(C6F5)3, and this FLP undergoes heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen and fixation of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide with a noticeable colorimetric response, which is visible to the naked eye. In their UV/Vis spectra, the H2, CO2 and N2O fixation products exhibit a bathochromic shift of the absorption band that can be assigned to a HOMOLUMO excitation of the ChtCp titanium (troticene) moiety.
A Flexible Approach to Semantic Annotation Systems for Web Content
Authors: Fiorelli Manuel , Pazienza Maria Teresa , Stellato Armando 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIn this paper we propose a flexible approach that supports heterogeneous requirements on systems for the semantic annotation of web content. The flexibility of the approach originates from a model based on the definition of abstract events, which captures at the logical level the main interactions occurring in a system for combined management of ontologies and web content. Application‐specific semantics is then provided operationally as an assignment of handlers to these events. While the abstract events are rather coarse‐grained to reduce prior commitment, preconditions on the handlers express application‐specific distinctions based on contextual information associated with each specific event. Although the possibility to define completely new handlers guarantees the generality of our approach, we foster convention over configuration by providing a set of default handlers, which can be customized by filling their extension points. The use of customizable handlers, whether or not the default ones, reduces the development effort and guarantees consistent user experience despite evolving requirements. A comprehensive framework for semantic annotation of web content has been realized and will be hereafter introduced. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface topography, hardness, and frictional properties of GFRP for esthetic orthodontic wires
Authors: Inami Toshihiro , Tanimoto Yasuhiro , Yamaguchi Masaru , Shibata Yo , Nishiyama Norihiro , Kasai Kazutaka 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn our previous study, glass‐fiber‐reinforced plastics (GFRPs) made from polycarbonate and glass fiber for esthetic orthodontic wires were prepared by using pultrusion. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the surface topography, hardness, and frictional properties of GFRPs. To investigate how fiber diameter affects surface properties, GFRP round wires with a diameter of 0.45 mm (0.018 in.) were prepared incorporating either 13 μm (GFRP‐13) or 7 μm (GFRP‐7) glass fibers. As controls, stainless steel (SS), cobalt‐chromium‐nickel alloy, β‐titanium (β‐Ti) alloy, and nickel‐titanium (NiTi) alloy were also evaluated. Under scanning electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy, the β‐Ti samples exhibited greater surface roughness than the other metallic wires and the GFRP wires. The dynamic hardness and elastic modulus of GFRP wires obtained by the dynamic micro‐indentation method were much lower than those of metallic wires (p < 0.05). Frictional forces against the polymeric composite brackets of GFRP‐13 and GFRP‐7 were 3.45 ± 0.49 and 3.60 ± 0.38 N, respectively; frictional forces against the ceramic brackets of GFRP‐13 and GFRP‐7 were 3.39 ± 0.58 and 3.87 ± 0.48 N, respectively. For both bracket types, frictional forces of GFRP wires and NiTi wire were nearly half as low as those of SS, CoCr, and β‐Ti wires. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in surface properties between GFRP‐13 and GFRP‐7; presumably because both share the same polycarbonate matrix. We expect that GFRP wires will deliver superior sliding mechanics with low frictional resistance between the wire and bracket during orthodontic treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 88–95, 2016.
Deficits in Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture in Young Women With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Abdalrahaman Naiemh , McComb Christie , Foster John E , McLean John , Lindsay Robert S , McClure John , McMillan Martin , Drummond Russell , Gordon Derek , McKay Gerard A , Shaikh M Guftar , Perry Colin G , Ahmed S Faisal 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT The pathophysiological mechanism of increased fractures in young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is unclear. We conducted a case-control study of trabecular bone microarchitecture and vertebral marrow adiposity in young women with T1DM. Thirty women with T1DM with a median age (range) age of 22.0 years (16.9, 36.1) attending one outpatient clinic with a median age at diagnosis of 9.7 years (0.46, 14.8) were compared with 28 age-matched healthy women who acted as controls. Measurements included MRI-based assessment of proximal tibial bone volume/total volume (appBV/TV), trabecular separation (appTb.Sp), vertebral bone marrow adiposity (BMA), and abdominal adipose tissue and biochemical markers of GH/IGF-1 axis (IGF-1, IGFBP3, ALS) and bone turnover. Median appBV/TV in cases and controls was 0.3 (0.22, 0.37) and 0.33 (0.26, 0.4), respectively (p = 0.018) and median appTb.Sp in T1DM was 2.59 (2.24, 3.38) and 2.32 (2.03, 2.97), respectively (p = 0.012). The median appBV/TV was 0.28 (0.22, 0.33) in those cases with retinopathy (n = 15) compared with 0.33 (0.25, 0.37) in those without retinopathy (p = 0.02). Although median visceral adipose tissue in cases was higher than in controls at 5733 mm3 (2030, 11,144) and 3460 mm3 (1808, 6832), respectively (p = 0.012), there was no difference in median BMA, which was 31.1% (9.9, 59.9) and 26.3% (8.5, 49.8) in cases and controls, respectively (p = 0.2). Serum IGF-1 and ALS were also lower in cases, and the latter showed an inverse association to appTbSp (r = –0.30, p = 0.04). Detailed MRI studies in young women with childhood-onset T1DM have shown clear deficits in trabecular microarchitecture of the tibia. Underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may include a microvasculopathy. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
What do hospitalists think about inpatient mammography for hospitalized women who are overdue for their breast cancer screening?
Authors: Khaliq Waseem , Howell Eric E , Wright Scott M. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDA recent study showed that many hospitalized women are nonadherent with breast cancer screening recommendations, and that a majority of these women would be amenable to inpatient screening if it were offered.OBJECTIVEExplore hospitalists' views about the appropriateness of inpatient breast cancer screening and their concerns about related matters.METHODSA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 4 hospitalist groups affiliated with Johns Hopkins Medical Institution. χ2 and t‐test statistics were used to identify hospitalist characteristics that were associated with being supportive of inpatient screening mammography.RESULTSThe response rate was 92%. Sixty‐two percent of respondents believed that hospitalists should not be involved in breast cancer screening. In response to clinical scenarios describing hospitalized women who were overdue for screening, only one‐third of hospitalists said that they would order a screening mammogram. Lack of follow‐up on screening mammography results was cited as the most common concern related to ordering the test.CONCLUSIONSFuture studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility and potential barriers associated with inpatient screening mammography. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:242–245. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Tibiofemoral contact mechanics following a horizontal cleavage lesion in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus
Authors: Arno Sally , Bell Christopher P. , Uquillas Carlos , Borukhov Ilya , Walker Peter S. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine if a horizontal cleavage lesion (HCL) of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus would result in changes to tibiofemoral contact mechanics, as measured by peak contact pressure and contact area, which can lead to cartilage degeneration. To study this, 10 cadaveric knees were tested in a rig where forces were applied (500 N Compression, 100 N shear, 2.5 Nm Torque) and the knee dynamically flexed from −5° to 135°, as peak contact pressure and contact area were recorded. After testing of the intact knee, a horizontal cleavage lesion was created arthroscopically and testing repeated. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to determine if there were differences in peak contact pressure and contact area between the intact knee and that with the HCL. A statistically significant increase in peak contact pressure of 13%, on average, and a decrease in contact area of 6%, on average, was noted following the HCL. This suggests that a horizontal cleavage lesion will result in small but statistically significant changes in tibiofemoral contact mechanics which may lead to cartilage degeneration. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:584–590, 2015.
Collagen gel contraction as a measure of fibroblast function in an animal model of subsynovial connective tissue fibrosis
Authors: Yang Tai‐Hua , Thoreson Andrew R. , Gingery Anne , Larson Dirk R. , Passe Sandra M. , An Kai‐Nan , Zhao Chunfeng , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a peripheral neuropathy characterized by non‐inflammatory fibrosis of the subsynovial connective tissues (SSCT). A rabbit model of CTS was developed to test the hypothesis that SSCT fibrosis causes the neuropathy. We used a cell‐seeded collagen‐gel contraction model to characterize the fibrosis in this model in terms of cellular mechanics, specifically to compare the ability of SSCT cells from the rabbit model and normal rabbits to contract the gel, and to assess the effect of transforming growth factor‐β1,which is upregulated in CTS, on these cells. SSCT fibrosis was induced in six retired breeder female rabbits which were sacrificed at 6 weeks (N = 3) and 12 weeks (n = 3). An additional two rabbits served as controls. SSCT was harvested according to a standard protocol. Gels seeded with SSCT cells from rabbits sacrificed at 6 weeks had significantly higher tensile strength (p < 0.001) and Young's modulus (p < 0.001) than gels seeded with cells from rabbits sacrificed at 12 weeks or control animals. TGF‐β1 significantly increased the decay time constant (p < 0.001), tensile strength (p < 0.001), and Young's modulus (p < 0.001) regardless of the cell source. This model may be useful in screening therapeutic agents that may block SSCT fibrosis, identifying possible candidates for CTS treatment. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:668–674, 2015.
Botulinum toxin is detrimental to repair of a chronic rotator cuff tear in a rabbit model
Authors: Gilotra Mohit , Nguyen Thao , Christian Matthew , Davis Derik , Henn R. Frank , Hasan Syed Ashfaq 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTRe‐tear continues to be a problem after rotator cuff repair. Intramuscular botulinum toxin (Botox) injection can help optimize tension at the repair site to promote healing but could have an adverse effect on the degenerated muscle in a chronic tear. We hypothesized that Botox injection would improve repair characteristics without adverse effect on the muscle in a chronic rotator cuff tear model. The supraspinatus tendon of both shoulders in 14 rabbits underwent delayed repair 12 weeks after transection. One shoulder was treated with intramuscular Botox injection and the other with a saline control injection. Six weeks after repair, outcomes were based on biomechanics, histology, and magnetic resonance imaging. Botox‐treated repairs were significantly weaker (2.64 N) than control repairs (5.51 N, p = 0.03). Eighty percent of Botox‐treated repairs and 40% of control repairs healed with some partial defect. Fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus was present in all shoulders (Goutallier Grade 3 or 4) but was increased in the setting of Botox. This study provides additional support for the rabbit supraspinatus model of chronic cuff tear, showing consistent fatty infiltration. Contrary to our hypothesis, Botox had a negative effect on repair strength and might increase fatty infiltration. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1152–1157, 2015.
Type III collagen modulates fracture callus bone formation and early remodeling
Authors: Miedel Emily L. , Brisson Becky K. , Hamilton Todd , Gleason Hadley , Swain Gary P. , Lopas Luke , Dopkin Derek , Perosky Joseph E. , Kozloff Kenneth M. , Hankenson Kurt D. , Volk Susan W. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTType III collagen (Col3) has been proposed to play a key role in tissue repair based upon its temporospatial expression during the healing process of many tissues, including bone. Given our previous finding that Col3 regulates the quality of cutaneous repair, as well as our recent data supporting its role in regulating osteoblast differentiation and trabecular bone quantity, we hypothesized that mice with diminished Col3 expression would exhibit altered long‐bone fracture healing. To determine the role of Col3 in bone repair, young adult wild‐type (Col3+/+) and haploinsufficent (Col3+/−) mice underwent bilateral tibial fractures. Healing was assessed 7, 14, 21, and 28 days following fracture utilizing microcomputed tomography (microCT), immunohistochemistry, and histomorphometry. MicroCT analysis revealed a small but significant increase in bone volume fraction in Col3+/− mice at day 21. However, histological analysis revealed that Col3+/− mice have less bone within the callus at days 21 and 28, which is consistent with the established role for Col3 in osteogenesis. Finally, a reduction in fracture callus osteoclastic activity in Col3+/− mice suggests Col3 also modulates callus remodeling. Although Col3 haploinsufficiency affected biological aspects of bone repair, it did not affect the regain of mechanical function in the young mice that were evaluated in this study. These findings provide evidence for a modulatory role for Col3 in fracture repair and support further investigations into its role in impaired bone healing. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:675–684, 2015.