bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of fishing gears to assess fish assemblage size structure in small lake ecosystems
Authors: Clement T. A. , Pangle K. , Uzarski D. G. , Murry B. A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMeasurement of fish body‐size distributions is increasingly used as a management tool to assess fishery status. However, the effects of gear selection on observed fish size structure has not received sufficient attention. Four different gear types (experimental gill nets, fine mesh bag seine, and two different sized mesh trap nets), which are commonly employed in the study area for fisheries surveys, were used to fish in five small (< 200 ha) lakes to evaluate differential catch in terms of species composition and assemblage size distributions. Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests revealed that, out of the five lakes and six comparisons, the four gear types captured fish of statistically similar size distributions in only one instance. Non‐metric multi‐dimensional scaling followed by a multi‐response permutation procedure revealed that the species composition of fish captured by these gears also differs. These results support the notion that multiple gear types should be used to assess body‐size distributions as well as fish assemblage composition.
Electrofishing efficiency in low conductivity neotropical streams: towards a non‐destructive fish sampling method
Authors: Allard L. , Grenouillet G. , Khazraie K. , Tudesque L. , Vigouroux R. , Brosse S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRotenone sampling is the most efficient method for assessing the fish assemblage structure and species abundance of low conductivityAmazonian streams. It does, however, cause fish mortality and disturb aquatic ecosystem. The aim of this study was to search for a non‐destructive alternative. The efficiency of electrofishing was compared against complete removal using rotenone. This procedure was repeated in 12 streams dispersed throughoutFrenchGuiana to test for environmental and biological effects such as water conductivity, stream depth, fish family membership and body size. This study revealed that the efficiency of electrofishing was influenced by stream conductivity and stream depth, but not by fish family or body size. The electrofishing method might constitute an efficient alternative to using rotenone in smaller streams (below 25‐cm depth and above 43 μS cm−1), whereas in deeper and/or slightly conductive streams, rotenone still remains the only method able to provide a quick and comprehensive picture of the fish assemblage.
Interannual variation in reproductive phenology in a riverine fish assemblage: implications for predicting the effects of climate change and altered flow regimes
Authors: Krabbenhoft Trevor J. , Platania Steven P. , Turner Thomas F. 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Freshwater fish commonly exhibit differences in reproductive seasonality within assemblages. However, the extent of variation in reproductive timing among years is less well understood, particularly in relation to environmental variation. Phenological shifts in response to environmental variation, including climate change, can differ among species and thereby change temporal resource partitioning (e.g. in the use of nursery habitat, dietary items, etc.) and potentially the strength of biotic interactions such as competition.
To assess interannual variation in reproductive phenology and temporal resource partitioning in an arid‐land river, we collected a data set on young‐of‐year fish in four years within an overall span of 16 years, from 1995 to 2010. Fish species spawned in a consistent order across years; however, the onset of spawning was between 4 and 28 days earlier in 2008–2010 than in 1995. Spawning onset advanced more for later‐spawning species, resulting in reduced temporal partitioning across the assemblage.
Based on these observations, we developed four alternate models of assemblage‐level responses to alteration of flow regime based on the magnitude of phenological shifts and corresponding temporal partitioning among species. Phenological data are consistent with only one of these models.
Convergence and overlap in spawning time among species may decrease resource partitioning at a critical life stage and alter assemblage composition in recruitment‐driven systems like arid‐land rivers. Understanding factors driving convergence and overlap in spawning time among species is key to predicting effects of ongoing climate change and alteration of flow regimes on fish assemblages.
Rare bleeding disorders – bleeding assessment tools, laboratory aspects and phenotype and therapy of FXI deficiency
Authors: James P. , Salomon O. , Mikovic D. , Peyvandi F. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryRare bleeding disorders (RBDs) are inherited deficiencies of coagulation factors such as fibrinogen, factor (F) II, FV, FVII, combined FV+FVIII, FX, FXI and FXIII. These disorders usually have a low prevalence in the general population and constitute approximately 3–5% of all coagulation disorders. However, in some countries they may have the same prevalence as haemophilia B due to the practice of consanguineous marriage. The clinical picture of RBDs is highly variable and can vary markedly from mild to severe, making both diagnosis and optimal treatment quite challenging. This review focuses on: (i) the efforts to establish a bleeding assessment tool adequate to RBDs, (ii) the optimal management of patients affected with FXI deficiency and (iii) the correlation between clinical severity and laboratory diagnosis when determining the minimum coagulant activity required to prevent bleeding in each RBD.
Changing paradigm of prophylaxis with longer acting factor concentrates
Authors: Carcao M. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBeginning in the 1960s the care of persons with haemophilia began to improve dramatically through a series of transformative improvements in care: development of lyophilized factor concentrates, home care programmes, prophylaxis and (due to the tragedy of HIV/hepatitis) the development of virally safer plasma‐derived and recombinant factor concentrates. Prophylaxis, if commenced early and given in sufficient dose/frequency has been shown to allow persons with haemophilia to maintain excellent joints and lead normal lives. Yet the relatively short half‐lives of factor (F) VIII and IX concentrates leads to the need for frequent venous access. This remains a significant burden for patients with haemophilia on prophylaxis causing in many cases reduced patient adherence to prophylaxis and negative longterm outcomes. The last 5 years have witnessed a flourish of new bioengineered longer acting FVIII and IX concentrates manufactured using different technologies (pegylation or fusion to Fc/albumin). These products (especially the longer acting FIX concentrates) are likely to have profound implications on prophylaxis. With these longer acting factor concentrates prophylaxis regimens will almost certainly change. This will involve changes in what trough levels are targeted and how frequently factor is administered. It is hoped that these changes may improve patients' adherence to prophylaxis and their quality of life. These long‐acting factor concentrates will undoubtedly have cost repercussions and will raise important questions regarding how decisions about choosing one longer acting concentrate over another, and whether these products are interchangeable, are made. This article will review what changes may ensue with the advent of these new longer acting factor concentrates.
Enhancing haemophilia care through registries
Authors: Dolan G. , Makris M. , Bolton‐Maggs P. H. B. , Rowell J. A. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryClinical registries or databases have an increasing role in the management of inherited bleeding disorders. Initially, research‐based registries provided valuable data and now national databases are increasingly being developed with multiple stakeholders, including persons with haemophilia (PWH) and payers, to enable improvements and efficiencies in care. Registries are extending to international collaborations to collect adverse event data and comparisons of national approaches to the management of haemophilia to improve the availability of product to PWH.
Novel products for haemostasis – current status
Authors: Oldenburg J. , Albert T. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryCurrently, new clotting factor concentrates are becoming available or are in advanced clinical studies that will significantly improve the treatment of patients with Haemophilia A or Haemophilia B. Various technologies are applied to extend half‐life and/or allow for alternative routes of administration, e.g. subcutaneous route. Today, the advances for recombinant factor IX are significantly with half‐life extensions to up to 100 h, allowing substitution intervals of 1–2 weeks. For recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) products the effect so far is only moderate, as the half‐life extension is limited to about 15–18 h by the clearance of FVIII through its binding to von Willebrand factor. However, novel products applying new technologies with significantly extended half‐life are already at the horizont, as a bispecific antibody that mimics FVIII. The pharmacokinetic improvements of the new products will lead to a revision of our current treatment regimens, with regard to intended trough levels, number of tolerated bleeds and likely will drive a greater individualization of regimens. Clearly, the potential of anti drug antibody response for these modified proteins must not be higher than with our current products. Another challenge are the increasingly diverse biochemical characteristics of the new products, that have to be considered when determining potencies and also when monitoring treatment in patients with the various available assays. Despite these challenges, the new products will significantly improve treatment and quality of life for our patients with haemophilia.
Ayurveda – The Science of Healing
Authors: Gokani Trupti 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundMigraine is generally recognized as a complex condition, which is often challenging to treat. Patients are often open to novel approaches to understanding why this pain occurs and how to prevent future attacks.MethodsAyurvedic medicine, which is a 5000‐year‐old healing system, offers additional understanding on this disease by categorizing patients into a unique dosha (mind–body) type. Specific herbals, dietary modifications, and lifestyle changes have been utilized for thousands of years to create balance in the system to improve chronic conditions.ConclusionsEvaluating migraine patients utilizing the Ayurvedic model allows patients and practitioners a further layer of understanding and offers additional treatment options for the patient.
Overexpression of metabolic markers PKM2 and LDH5 correlates with aggressive clinicopathological features and adverse patient prognosis in tongue cancer
Authors: Yuan Chunping , Li Zhongwu , Wang Yanling , Qi Bin , Zhang Wei , Ye Jinhai , Wu Heming , Jiang Hongbin , Song Liang‐Nian , Yang Jianrong , Cheng Jie 
Published: April 2014

AimsPyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase 5 (LDH5) are two metabolic and oncogenic markers of cancer. In this study, we sought to investigate their expression patterns and prognostic value in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).Methods and resultsThe expression and subcellular localization of PKM2 and LDH5 in TSCC cell lines were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. PKM2 and LDH5 abundance was examined by immunohistochemistry in 63 TSCC tumour specimens; their association with multiple clinicopathological parameters and overall patient survival was assessed. The protein levels of PKM2 and LDH5 were both significantly higher in TSCC cells than in an immortalized oral epithelial cell line. Overexpression of PKM2 associated significantly with cervical node metastasis (P = 0.0373), while elevated LDH5 levels correlated significantly with tumour size (P = 0.0094), pathological grade (P = 0.0052), cervical node metastasis (P = 0.0023) and clinical stage (P = 0.0024). Patients with tumours showing an increase in either PKM2 or LDH5 expression displayed significantly reduced overall survival, while patients with tumours overexpressing both proteins showed the worst prognosis with lowest overall survival. Furthermore, PKM2 and LDH5 were identified as independent prognostic predictors for overall patient survival in TSCC.ConclusionOur data indicate that overexpression of PKM2 and LDH5 associates with key clinicopathological features and unfavourable prognosis in TSCC.
Illustrating the interplay between the extracellular matrix and microRNAs
Authors: Piccinini Anna M. , Midwood Kim S. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe discovery of cell surface receptors that bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) components marked a new era in biological research. Since then there has been an increasing appreciation of the importance of studying cells in the context of their extracellular environment. Cell behaviour is profoundly affected by the ECM, whose synthesis and turnover must be finely balanced in order to maintain normal function and prevent disease. In the last decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of ECM gene expression. As new technologies for the identification and validation of miRNA targets continue to be developed, a growing body of data supporting the role of miRNAs in regulating the ECM biology has arisen from a variety of cell and animal models along with clinical studies. However, more recent findings suggest an intriguing interplay between the ECM and miRNAs: not only can miRNAs control the composition of the ECM, but also the ECM can affect the expression of specific miRNAs. Here we discuss how miRNAs contribute to the synthesis, maintenance and remodelling of the ECM during development and disease. Furthermore, we bring to light evidence that points to a role for the ECM in regulating miRNA expression and function.
Ingredient composition and pasta:water cooking ratio affect cooking properties of nontraditional spaghetti
Authors: de la Peña Elena , Manthey Frank A. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryAn experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different pasta:water ratios and nontraditional ingredients on the cooking properties of spaghetti. Spaghetti was made using semolina and semolina containing 20% (w/w) nontraditional (NT) ingredients (corn, flaxseed, lentil, oat, pinto bean and soybean flours). Pasta:water ratios evaluated were 13 g:400 mL, 27 g:400 mL and 48 g:400 mL. Addition of pasta caused a decline in cooking water temperature. The water temperature drop and recovery time to boiling (100 °C) varied with pasta:water ratio and with nontraditional ingredient in the spaghetti. These results were attributed to the calculated specific heat capacity of the ingredients incorporated in the spaghetti. Cooking time was reduced for all NT spaghetti with respect to the control sample and was longest when 48 g of pasta was cooked. Pasta:water ratio affected cooking loss but not cooked weight or cooked firmness. Cooking losses were greater with 13 g:400 mL compared to 48 g:400 mL.
Proximate and fatty acid compositions and sensory acceptability of Hispanic consumers towards rib‐eye steaks from forage‐finished steers
Authors: Torrico Damir D. , Jirangrat Wannita , Scaglia Guillermo , Malekian Fatemeh , Janes Marlene E. , McMillin Kenneth W. , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: April 2014

SummaryProximate and fatty acid compositions and sensory acceptability of rib‐eye steaks (fresh and 6 months frozen‐stored) from three forage‐finished steers [S1 (bermudagrass + ryegrass, etc.); S2 (bermudagrass + ryegrass + berseem, etc.); S3 (bermudagrass+berseem+soybean+brown midrib sorghum, etc.)] and one commercial steak (C), cooked by one‐sided and/or two‐sided grilling, were evaluated. All forage‐finished steaks had lower [omega‐6/omega‐3] ratios than C. Sensory liking was assessed by Hispanic consumers. Raw C steak had higher fat and lower protein contents than others (S1, S2 and S3). Concerning raw steaks, S3 had higher liking scores for overall appearance and fat appearance than others. Two cooking methods did not cause significant differences in sensory liking. Juiciness and overall liking of cooked C and S3 (one‐sided grilling) steaks were not significantly different. Purchase intent (after knowing health benefits of forage‐finished steaks) increased from 62.0–73.8% to 69.8–85.7%. Forage‐finished steaks showed a potentially healthier lipid profile than grain‐finished steaks and had market potential towards Hispanic population.
Effect of ripening stage and infusion with calcium lactate and sucrose on the quality and microstructure of frozen mango
Authors: Siramard Sirirak , Charoenrein Sanguansri 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe effect of the ripening stage and infusion with calcium lactate and sucrose on the quality and microstructure of frozen mango was investigated. Partially ripe and ripe mangoes cubes were infused in 1% calcium lactate solution or a combination of 1% calcium lactate and 50% sucrose solution for 1 h before freezing at −20 °C and stored for 14 days. After thawing, both the partially ripe and ripe mangoes treated with the combination of calcium lactate and sucrose exhibited the highest firmness value, sensory firmness score and lowest drip loss. Light microscope images also illustrated less damage to the cell wall of mango pretreated with calcium and sucrose. The calcium‐reinforced structure of the fruit and osmotic dehydration with sucrose reduced the freezable water content and consequently limited ice crystal damage. Furthermore, partially ripe mango was more suitable for freezing than ripe mango due to its stronger cell wall structure.
Privacy and confidentiality: perspectives of mental health consumers and carers in pharmacy settings
Authors: Hattingh Hendrika Laetitia , Knox Kathy , Fejzic Jasmina , McConnell Denise , Fowler Jane L , Mey Amary , Kelly Fiona , Wheeler Amanda J 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Objectives
The study aims to explore within the community pharmacy practice context the views of mental health stakeholders on: (1) current and past experiences of privacy, confidentiality and support; and (2) expectations and needs in relation to privacy and confidentiality.

Methods
In-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted in three states in Australia, namely Queensland, the northern region of New South Wales and Western Australia, between December 2011 and March 2012.

Key findings
There were 98 participants consisting of consumers and carers (n = 74), health professionals (n = 13) and representatives from consumer organisations (n = 11). Participants highlighted a need for improved staff awareness. Consumers indicated a desire to receive information in a way that respects their privacy and confidentiality, in an appropriate space. Areas identified that require improved protection of privacy and confidentiality during pharmacy interactions were the number of staff having access to sensitive information, workflow models causing information exposure and pharmacies' layout not facilitating private discussions. Challenges experienced by carers created feelings of isolation which could impact on care.

Conclusions
This study explored mental health stakeholders' experiences and expectations regarding privacy and confidentiality in the Australian community pharmacy context. A need for better pharmacy staff training about the importance of privacy and confidentiality and strategies to enhance compliance with national pharmacy practice requirements was identified. Findings provided insight into privacy and confidentiality needs and will assist in the development of pharmacy staff training material to better support consumers with sensitive conditions.
Nod2 and Rip2 contribute to innate immune responses in mouse neutrophils
Authors: Jeong Yu‐Jin , Kang Min‐Jung , Lee Sang‐Jin , Kim Chang‐Hwan , Kim Jee‐Cheon , Kim Tae‐Hyoun , Kim Dong‐Jae , Kim Donghyun , Núñez Gabriel , Park Jong‐Hwan 
Published: April 2014

SummaryNod‐like receptors are a family of innate immune receptors that link cytosolic sensing of microbial and danger stimuli to the activation of immune responses. Two Nod‐like receptor family members, Nod1 and Nod2, recognize bacterial peptidoglycan and activate immune responses via nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). The function of Nod1 and Nod2 has been largely studied in macrophages, but the role of these receptors in other innate immune cells remains unclear. In this study, we examined the function of Nod1 and Nod2 in innate immune responses of neutrophils. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with thioglycollate, and then peritoneal neutrophils were isolated 4 hr after injection. Tri‐DAP and muramyl‐dipeptide (MDP) were used as Nod1 and Nod2 agonists, respectively. The level of cytokines [interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)] and chemokines (CXCL1 and CCL2) was increased by MDP, but not Tri‐DAP in wild‐type (WT) neutrophils. Increased production of cytokines and chemokines with MDP was abolished in Nod2‐ and Rip2‐deficient neutrophils. MDP also induced the activation of NF‐κB and MAPK in WT neutrophils, but not in Nod2‐ and Rip2‐deficient cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that L‐selectin shedding was induced by MDP in WT neutrophils, but not in Nod2‐ and Rip2‐deficient cells. MDP and Toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists (Pam3CSK4 and lipopolysaccharide) exerted synergistic effects on the production of IL‐6 and CXCL1 in neutrophils. Moreover, Nod2 and TLR4 cooperated to produce IL‐6, TNF‐α, CXCL1 and CCL2 in neutrophils in response to Gram‐negative bacteria. Our findings suggest that the Nod2–Rip2 axis may contribute to the innate immune response of neutrophils against bacterial infection.
Comparative epidemiology of human metapneumovirus‐ and respiratory syncytial virus‐associated hospitalizations in Guatemala
Authors: McCracken John P. , Arvelo Wences , Ortíz José , Reyes Lissette , Gray Jennifer , Estevez Alejandra , Castañeda Oscar , Langley Gayle , Lindblade Kim A. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundHuman metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI), but little is known about how it compares with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Central America.ObjectivesIn this study, we describe hospitalized cases of HMPV‐ and RSV‐ARI in Guatemala.MethodsWe conducted surveillance at three hospitals (November 2007–December 2012) and tested nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens for HMPV and RSV using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. We calculated incidence rates, and compared the epidemiology and outcomes of HMPV‐positive versus RSV‐positive and RSV‐HMPV‐negative cases.ResultsWe enrolled and tested specimens from 6288 ARI cases; 596 (9%) were HMPV‐positive and 1485 (24%) were RSV‐positive. We observed a seasonal pattern of RSV but not HMPV. The proportion HMPV‐positive was low (3%) and RSV‐positive high (41%) for age <1 month, whereas these proportions were similar (~20%) by age 2 years. The annual incidence of hospitalized HMPV‐ARI was 102/100 000 children aged <5 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 75–178], 2·6/100 000 persons aged 5–17 years (95%CI: 1·2–5·0), and 2·6/100 000 persons aged ≥18 years (95%CI: 1·5–4·9). Among children aged <5 years, HMPV‐positive cases were less severe than HMPV‐RSV‐negative cases after adjustment for confounders [odds ratio (OR) for intensive care = 0·63, 95% CI 0·47–0·84]; OR for death = 0·46, 95% CI 0·23–0·92).ConclusionsHuman metapneumovirus is a substantial contributor to ARI hospitalization in Guatemala, but HMPV hospitalizations are less frequent than RSV and, in young children, less severe than other etiologies. Preventive interventions should take into account the wide variation in incidence by age and unpredictable timing of incidence peaks.