bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vesicular uptake of N-acetylaspartylglutamate is catalysed by sialin (SLC17A5)
Authors: Lodder-Gadaczek Julia , Gieselmann Volkmar , Eckhardt Matthias 
Published: July 2013

NAAG (N-acetylaspartylglutamate) is an abundant neuropeptide in the vertebrate nervous system. It is released from synaptic terminals in a calcium-dependent manner and has been shown to act as an agonist at the type II metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR3. It has been proposed that NAAG may also be released from axons. So far, however, it has remained unclear how NAAG is transported into synaptic or other vesicles before it is secreted. In the present study, we demonstrate that uptake of NAAG and the related peptide NAAG2 (N-acetylaspartylglutamylglutamate) into vesicles depends on the sialic acid transporter sialin (SLC17A5). This was demonstrated using cell lines expressing a cell surface variant of sialin and by functional reconstitution of sialin in liposomes. NAAG uptake into sialin-containing proteoliposomes was detectable in the presence of an active H+-ATPase or valinomycin, indicating that transport is driven by membrane potential rather than H+ gradient. We also show that sialin is most probably the major and possibly only vesicular transporter for NAAG and NAAG2, because ATP-dependent transport of both peptides was not detectable in vesicles isolated from sialin-deficient mice.
Validating Dynamic Assessment of Triadic Gaze for Young Children With Severe Disabilities
Authors: Olswang Lesley B. , Feuerstein Julie L. , Pinder Gay Lloyd , Dowden Patricia 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThis research investigated the use of a dynamic assessment (DA) to identify differences among young children with severe disabilities, which would predict progress in learning behaviors indicating coordinated joint attention (CJA).MethodSix children 10–24 months of age were enrolled in a 16-week treatment for behaviors indicating CJA, specifically triadic gaze (TG), which is a 3-point gaze shift between object and adult. An initial static assessment documented the children's eligibility for the study and their baseline performance of TG. DA procedures were then implemented to determine each child's performance with examiner support in producing behaviors suggesting joint attention (i.e., tracking, gaze toward an object or an adult, scanning between objects, scanning an object and adult, and TG).ResultsResults demonstrated differences among children during the DA via a DA score and a behavioral profile. These results were predictive of differences among children in subsequent learning of TG.ConclusionThese data support the validity of DA for describing heterogeneity among young children with severe disabilities who look similar on static assessment but appear differentially ready to learn behaviors associated with joint attention. This knowledge will assist clinicians in planning more efficacious services for young children who struggle to communicate and are at risk for extended therapeutic needs.
Homing of Sockeye Salmon within Hidden Lake, Alaska, Can Be Used to Achieve Hatchery Management Goals
Authors: Habicht Christopher , Tobias Terri M. , Fandrei Gary , Webber Nathan , Lewis Bert , Grant W. Stewart 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The supplementation of natural populations of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. with hatchery fish poses unique management challenges. Two such challenges addressed in this study are limiting the number of hatchery fish spawning with natural-origin fish and maximizing the number of natural-origin fish in the supplementation broodstock. In this study, we focus on stock enhancement of Sockeye Salmon O. nerka in Hidden Lake, Alaska, where the Trail Lakes Hatchery supplements the natural population with hatchery-raised fry. Production in Hidden Lake is limited by the availability of spawning habitat and not by juvenile rearing capacity. The hatchery collects broodstock from the lake and releases fry with thermally marked otoliths at one of two primary natural spawning sites in Hidden Lake each year. During this study, an average of 58% of the fish returning to the lake through a weir on the outlet stream were of hatchery origin. However, an average of 88% of the fish at the release site were hatchery-origin fish, indicating a nonrandom distribution of hatchery-origin spawners. This pattern is consistent with homing to specific sites within the lake of either or both hatchery- and wild-origin fish. However, this distribution results in a larger-than-desirable proportion of hatchery-origin fish spawning with natural-origin fish at the release site. The proportion of hatchery-origin fish used for brood is also larger than desirable because the site is also the broodstock collection site. We propose that releasing hatchery fish at a new location removed from the primary spawning areas and the hatchery broodstock collection site will reduce the proportion of hatchery-origin fish spawning with wild-origin fish and increase the proportion of wild-origin fish in the broodstock, if our results are due, at least in part, to homing of hatchery fish.
Received May 12, 2012; accepted May 20, 2013
Evaluation of Internal Tag Performance in Hatchery-Reared Juvenile Spotted Seatrout
Authors: Wagner Jonathan P. , Blaylock Reginald B. , Peterson Mark S. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Stock enhancement programs rely on the ability to recapture and identify stocked fish to evaluate stocking effectiveness. Since 2006, the Seatrout Population Enhancement Cooperative (SPEC) has released almost 600,000 Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus, about 100 mm TL, tagged with opercular coded wire tags (CWTs) into coastal Mississippi waters. However, only about 50 fish have been recaptured and initial retention of the opercular CWT has rarely exceeded 75%. This study first evaluated the suitability of visible implant alpha (VIA) and visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags for use in juvenile Spotted Seatrout. The VIA tags performed poorly. Based on those results, the study evaluated the effects of tagging site and fish size on survival, growth, and retention of CWTs and VIE tags and VIE tag fragmentation in juvenile Spotted Seatrout. Three separate growth experiments with juvenile Spotted Seatrout that had mean initial TLs of 93, 138, and 152 mm, respectively, were conducted to assess the effects of tagging. Each growth experiment had nine treatments consisting of a control, fish with either an opercular CWT, a dorsal muscle CWT, a ventral caudal fin VIE tag, or a jaw VIE tag, and four false-tagged treatments corresponding to each tagged treatment. Dorsal CWTs were retained better than opercular CWTs; VIE tags were equally retained regardless of body location. However, VIE tag quality was affected over the long term by pigmentation overlap and fragmentation. Growth rates and survival were not different within any size-class experiment or among treatments. This study has shown that CWTs and VIE tags are effective marking methods for juvenile Spotted Seatrout.
Received October 11, 2012; accepted May 16, 2013
Fish Species Distribution in Seagrass Habitats of Chesapeake Bay are Structured by Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Authors: Schaffler Jason J. , Montfrans Jacques , Jones Cynthia M. , Orth Robert J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Seagrass habitats have long been known to serve as nursery habitats for juvenile fish by providing refuges from predation and areas of high forage abundance. However, comparatively less is known about other factors structuring fish communities that make extensive use of seagrass as nursery habitat. We examined both physical and biological factors that may structure the juvenile seagrass-associated fish communities across a synoptic-scale multiyear study in lower Chesapeake Bay. Across 3 years of sampling, we collected 21,153 fish from 31 species. Silver Perch Bairdiella chrysoura made up over 86% of all individuals collected. Nine additional species made up at least 1% of the fish community in the bay but were at very different abundances than historical estimates of the fish community from the early 1980s. Eight species, including Silver Perch, showed a relationship with measured gradients of temperature or salinity and Spot Leiostomus xanthurus showed a negative relationship with the presence of macroalgae. Climate change, particularly increased precipitation and runoff from frequent and intense events, has the potential to alter fish–habitat relationships in seagrass beds and other habitats and may have already altered the fish community composition. Comparisons of fish species to historical data from the 1970s, our data, and recent contemporary data in the late 2000s suggests this has occurred.
Received September 4, 2012; accepted May 5, 2013
Lewis Binford
Authors: Meltzer David 
Published: July 2013

Lewis R. Binford (b. 1931–d. 2011) was an American archaeologist who had a profound impact on the thinking and practice of archaeology worldwide. Binford held degrees from the University of North Carolina (BA 1957), and the University of Michigan (MA 1958, PhD 1964). From 1962 through 1968 he held multiple academic appointments, his brief stays a result of several factors, not least Binford’s powerful personality and enthusiasm for confronting archaeological orthodoxy. From 1968 to 1991 he was on the faculty of the University of New Mexico, after which he served as a distinguished professor at Southern Methodist University. He retired in 2003. In the early 1960s Binford issued a call for archaeology to become more anthropological and more scientific, and to seek the processes by which cultures adapted and changed. His efforts gave rise to the “New Archaeology” (later called “processual archaeology”), and in the ensuing decade it dominated discussions of archaeological theory and method. Although many shared the goals of the movement, differences quickly emerged as to how to achieve those goals. Binford himself grew disillusioned with what the New Archaeology was becoming, and with his own efforts to understand patterns in the archaeological record. How could one learn, from a static archaeological record in the present, about the dynamic systems that produced that record in the past? Archaeologists needed to develop a “middle range” theory, he argued, to learn from present dynamic systems and their material correlates, in order to infer past dynamics from present archaeological statics. Toward that end, he conducted ethnoarchaeological research to better understand how foragers adapted to a landscape, organized their technology, and targeted their prey. The research results, published rapid-fire in the late 1970s and the 1980s, caused a sea change in archaeological hunter-gatherer studies; introduced influential analytical measures for understanding how foragers procured, processed, and consumed prey; and helped tease apart the natural and cultural processes that affect material in a site. The effort, in turn, led Binford to question received wisdom about early human cultural evolution, most notably the role of hunting in human evolution. His ideas shook up paleoanthropology and were much debated in the 1980s and 1990s. So too were his ideas about an archaeological science. Post-processualists dismissed the idea that archaeology could be an objective science, arguing instead for a more historically constituted approach. These and other debates engaged much of Binford’s attention in his last decades, but throughout he continued his efforts to understand hunter-gatherer adaptations. Over his career he was the recipient of four honorary doctorates and multiple awards, including the Huxley Memorial Medal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, the Society for American Archaeology Lifetime Achievement Award, and election to the British Academy and to the National Academy of Sciences.
Commodities
Authors: Patico Jennifer 
Published: July 2013

The anthropology of commodities has a significant history, although it has picked up pace and intensity since the 1980s. Commodities generally are understood as goods that are subject to market exchange; yet anthropologists also have expanded, problematized, and relativized this definition. The anthropological study of commodities often is framed in terms of research on consumption or consumer culture; it is also linked with studies of globalization, cross-cultural encounter, and large-scale economic transformation. Scholarship stretches across disciplinary and subdisciplinary boundaries, impacting and impacted by developments in economics, political economy, cultural studies, sociology, and geography as well as sociocultural anthropology, archaeology, economic anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. This article centers on theoretical and ethnographic perspectives from sociocultural anthropology. However, certain key texts from beyond the discipline are included, particularly when their impact on anthropological analysis has been significant and ongoing. While the study of commodities goes back at least as far as Adam Smith, Karl Marx (b. 1818–d. 1883) was an early and continuing influence on anthropological understandings and definitions of the commodity. Early-to-mid-20th-century anthropologists typically described economies that were not centered around commodity exchange but involved other modes of exchange closely tied with kinship, cosmology, and ritual; commodities were conceptualized mainly, implicitly or explicitly, in the effort to define these other forms of exchange by contrast. In the 1980s–2000s, these frameworks were revisited as anthropologists presented new theories of exchange and value. Meanwhile, in the 1980s, some anthropologists incorporated Marx’s materialism, paying close attention to long-term histories of colonization and capitalist expansion. Such work helped opened the door to a new generation of studies that focused on the trade and consumption of commodities as integral to the processes of cross-cultural encounter, cultural change, and capitalist “modernization” happening around the world. By the 1990s, the conversation had shifted for many anthropologists to the study of globalization: How had sped-up production and new communications technologies impacted cultures? How did commodities and commodity images, circulated transnationally, serve as vehicles of cultural expression or transformation? In the 21st century, anthropologists are investigating the social and political as well as economic arrangements associated with neoliberalism through attention not only to commodity consumption, but more broadly to commodification—of emotional labor, reproductive capacity, or linguistic ability, for example—as an increasingly salient aspect of contemporary life. Attention also has turned to how efforts toward “ethical consumption” are reshaping consumerism around the world—not necessarily with the intended political and environmental consequences.
Seasonal phenology of interactions involving short‐lived annual plants, a multivoltine herbivore and its endoparasitoid wasp
Authors: Fei Minghui , Gols Rieta , Harvey Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Spatial‐temporal realism is often missing in many studies of multitrophic interactions, which are conducted at a single time frame and/or involving interactions between insects with a single species of plant. In this scenario, an underlying assumption is that the host‐plant species is ubiquitous throughout the season and that the insects always interact with it.

We studied interactions involving three naturally occurring wild species of cruciferous plants, Brassica rapa, Sinapis arvensis and Brassica nigra, that exhibit different seasonal phenologies, and a multivoltine herbivore, the large cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae, and its gregarious endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia glomerata. The three plants have very short life cycles.

In central Europe, B. rapa grows in early spring, S. arvensis in late spring and early summer, and B. nigra in mid to late summer. P. brassicae generally has three generations per year, and C. glomerata at least two. This means that different generations of the insects must find and exploit different plant species that may differ in quality and which may be found some distance from one another.

Insects were either reared on each of the three plant species for three successive generations or shifted between generations from B. rapa to S. arvensis to B. nigra. Development time from neonate to pupation and pupal fresh mass were determined in P. brassicae and egg‐to‐adult development time and body mass in C. glomerata.

Overall, herbivores performed marginally better on S. arvensis and B. nigra plants than on B. rapa plants. Parasitoids performance was closely tailored with that of the host. Irrespective as to whether the insects were shifted to a new plant in successive generations or not, development time of P. brassicae and C. glomerata decreased dramatically over time.

Our results show that there were some differences in insect development on different plant species and when transferred from one species to another. However, all three plants were of generally high quality in terms of insect performance. We discuss ecological and evolutionary constraints on insects that must search in new habitats for different plant species over successive generations.
The interacting effects of diversity and propagule pressure on early colonization and population size
Authors: Hedge Luke H. , Leung Brian , O'Connor Wayne A. , Johnston Emma L. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

We are now beginning to understand the role of intraspecific diversity on fundamental ecological phenomena. There exists a paucity of knowledge, however, regarding how intraspecific, or genetic diversity, may covary with other important factors such as propagule pressure.

A combination of theoretical modelling and experimentation was used to explore the way propagule pressure and genetic richness may interact. We compare colonization rates of the Australian bivalve Saccostrea glomerata (Gould 1885). We cross propagule size and genetic richness in a factorial design in order to examine the generalities of our theoretical model.

Modelling showed that diversity and propagule pressure should generally interact synergistically when positive feedbacks occur (e.g. aggregation). The strength of genotype effects depended on propagule size, or the numerical abundance of arriving individuals. When propagule size was very small (<4 individuals), however, greater genetic richness unexpectedly reduced colonization.

The probability of S. glomerata colonization was 76% in genetically rich, larger propagules, almost 39 percentage points higher than in genetically poor propagules of similar size. This pattern was not observed in less dense, smaller propagules. We predict that density‐dependent interactions between larvae in the water column may explain this pattern.
Dynamics of macronutrient self‐medication and illness‐induced anorexia in virally infected insects
Authors: Povey Sonia , Cotter Sheena C. , Simpson Stephen J. , Wilson Kenneth 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Some animals change their feeding behaviour when infected with parasites, seeking out substances that enhance their ability to overcome infection. This ‘self‐medication’ is typically considered to involve the consumption of toxins, minerals or secondary compounds. However, recent studies have shown that macronutrients can influence the immune response and that pathogen‐challenged individuals can self‐medicate by choosing a diet rich in protein and low in carbohydrates. Infected individuals might also reduce food intake when infected (i.e. illness‐induced anorexia).

Here, we examine macronutrient self‐medication and illness‐induced anorexia in caterpillars of the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) by asking how individuals change their feeding decisions over the time course of infection with a baculovirus. We measured self‐medication behaviour across several full‐sib families to evaluate the plasticity of diet choice and underlying genetic variation.

Larvae restricted to diets high in protein (P) and low in carbohydrate (C) were more likely to survive a virus challenge than those restricted to diets with a low P : C ratio. When allowed free choice, virus‐challenged individuals chose a higher protein diet than controls.

Individuals challenged with either a lethal or sublethal dose of virus increased the P : C ratio of their chosen diets. This was mostly due to a sharp decline in carbohydrate intake, rather than an increased intake of protein, reducing overall food intake, consistent with an illness‐induced anorexic response. Over time the P : C ratio of the diet decreased until it matched that of controls.

Our study provides the clearest evidence yet for dietary self‐medication using macronutrients and shows that the temporal dynamics of feeding behaviour depends on the severity and stage of the infection. The strikingly similar behaviour shown by different families suggests that self‐medication is phenotypically plastic and not a consequence of genetically based differences in diet choice between families.
Inbreeding avoidance, patch isolation and matrix permeability influence dispersal and settlement choices by male agile antechinus in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Banks Sam C. , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Animal dispersal is highly non‐random and has important implications for the dynamics of populations in fragmented habitat. We identified interpatch dispersal events from genetic tagging, parentage analyses and assignment tests and modelled the factors associated with apparent emigration and post‐dispersal settlement choices by individual male agile antechinus (Antechinus agilis, a marsupial carnivore of south‐east Australian forests).

Emigration decisions were best modelled with on data patch isolation and inbreeding risk.

The choice of dispersal destination by males was influenced by inbreeding risk, female abundance, patch size, patch quality and matrix permeability (variation in land cover). Males were less likely to settle in patches without highly unrelated females.

Our findings highlight the importance of individual‐level dispersal data for understanding how multiple processes drive non‐randomness in dispersal in modified landscapes. Fragmented landscapes present novel environmental, demographic and genetic contexts in which dispersal decisions are made, so the major factors affecting dispersal decisions in fragmented habitat may differ considerably from unfragmented landscapes. We show that the spatial scale of genetic neighbourhoods can be large in fragmented habitat, such that dispersing males can potentially settle in the presence of genetically similar females after moving considerable distances, thereby necessitating both a choice to emigrate and a choice of where to settle to avoid inbreeding.