bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Innovation Funnel Fallacy
Authors: Hakkarainen Kari , Talonen Tapani 
Published: June 2014

The traditional innovation process - consisting of a funnel coupled with project screening - suffers from several practical shortcomings and flaws. Overemphasis on the role of early stages, such as idea generation, overshadows subsequent phases of equal importance. The drive to feed as many ideas as possible into the funnel may cause congestion that slows down overall progress. Furthermore, the yield may be of low quality if ineffective gates allow too many infertile ideas to pass through the funnel. Processes may be inflexible and slow to react, especially if tied to the corporate planning calendar as often proposed. This is not to imply that these problems are inherent; they are instead the consequences of poor practices.The authors discuss the disadvantages and suggest an alternative to overcome them. The proposed approach is driven by strategic business options and also introduces additional benefits. It produces savings in sunk costs and prematurely tied-up capital. It contributes to effective and economical use of resources, because a company commits irrevocably to only one step at a time. Lastly, options enable, and by their very nature even demand, active and adaptive management.
A influência das áreas verdes nos serviços públicos de saúde na cidade de Mandaguari, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Perehouskei Nestor Alexandre , De Angelis Bruno Luiz Domingos 
Published: June 2014

O presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de pesquisa sobre a importância das áreas verdes urbanas no contexto dos serviços públicos de saúde na Cidade de Mandaguari, Paraná. Inicialmente, foram utilizados os dados de Autorização de Internação Hospitalar (AIH) no período de 2000 a 2010, disponibilizados pelo banco de dados DATASUS, buscando identificar os problemas de saúde de maior ocorrência, cujo resultado apontou para as doenças do aparelho respiratório e circulatório, que pressupõem em seus tratamentos, a realização de atividades físicas, que podem ser realizadas com aproveitamento para a saúde, em espaços públicos livres. A partir de pesquisa investigativa, com a aplicação de questionário junto a 362 usuários, verificou-se que em relação aos espaços públicos, aas pessoas entrevistadas reconhecem a importância das áreas verdes para a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Dos 362 usuários 357 (98,6%) consideram que as áreas verdes oferecem ar puro, limpo e saudável, sendo um ótimo espaço para atividades físicas, recreação e outros. Cinco usuários (1,3%) do universo amostrado não consideram a contribuição das áreas verdes para a saúde, pela desinformação, ou mesmo, a dificuldade em associar os temas. Nessa perspectiva, o conceito de território, no âmbito do setor de saúde, passa a adotar em seu próprio conceito a inclusão das potencialidades provindas da presença das áreas verdes urbanas, que contribuem para as boas condições de vida das comunidades envolvidas.
São os membros superiores na Paralisia Cerebral negligenciados?
Authors: Castro Ubiratan Brum , De Carvalho Júnior Lúcio Honório , Fucs Patricia Maria de Moraes Barros 
Published: June 2014

Objetivo: Avaliar se num serviço de atendimento especializado, o membro superior é preterido ou negligenciado no tratamento das alterações motoras da Paralisia Cerebral. Casuística e métodos: Foram analisados 80 pacientes portadores de Paralisia Cerebral menores de dezessete anos tratados institucionalmente. Foram avaliados pelo mesmo examinador quanto à classificação e tratamentos (cirúrgico ou não) do aparelho locomotor. Resultados: O membro superior teve a seguinte abordagem terapêutica considerando o grupo de mão comprometida, 1 (2%) foi submetido a transferência tendinosa no punho e 53 (98%) não foram operados. Quanto a órteses, 9 (17%) usavam estabilizadores de punho e 45 (83%) não usavam. Quanto à toxina botulínica não houve aplicação nos membros superiores. Nos membros inferiores, considerando o total de pacientes, 16 (20%) foram submetidos à cirurgia e 64(80%) não foram operados. As cirurgias foram um tratamento cirúrgico de luxação do quadril, 7 a alongamentos múltiplos em membros inferiores, 5 alongamento de tendão calcâneo, 3 tenotomia de adutores. Quanto ao uso de órteses, 49 (61%) faziam uso e 31(39%) não utilizavam. Dos pacientes que faziam uso de órteses, 48 usavam tala estabilizadora de tornozelo, um usava estabilizador de joelho. Quanto à o uso de toxina botulínica: 32 tiveram aplicação (40%) e 48 não receberam aplicação (60%). Conclusão: No presente estudo, o tratamento do membro superior foi negligenciado.
Histamine and acetylcholine receptor involvement in sensorimotor gating: an autoradiography study
Authors: Skefos Jerry , Ghulam Melissa , Mahendra Arjun , Patel Gaurang , Larrauri Jose , Kholdebarin Ehsan , Levin Edward , Bauman Margaret 
Published: June 2014

Sensory gating is a way by which the brain manages sensory information flow. For optimal allocation of neural resources, it is important to be able to screen out (or “gate”) irrelevant sensory information when another stimulus is being processed. Sensorimotor gating more generally refers to the overall process of modulation of the motor responses to sensory stimuli. Impaired sensorimotor gating is seen in a variety of neurobehavioral disorders including schizophrenia, autism and sensory processing disorder. The degree of sensorimotor gating can be studied behaviorally by indexing prepulse inhibition (PPI). PPI reflects the degree of suppression of a startle response to an intense sensory stimulus when it is preceded by a more modest sensory stimulus. The neural circuitry underlying PPI has been shown to include dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. We previously found that histaminergic H1 receptors also play important roles in sensorimotor gating: the acute administration of the histamine H1 antagonist, pyrilamine, significantly reverses the PPI impairment caused by the NMDA glutamate antagonist, dizocilpine (MK-801). The current study was conducted to determine the anatomic bases for histaminergic and cholinergic regulation of the effect of NMDA antagonism on PPI. Using autoradiography, we found that pyrilamine treatment decreased H1 receptor binding in the anterior cingulate, which correlated with PPI improvement. Furthermore, we found that pyrilamine treatment resulted in increased α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding in the insular cortex, which also correlated with PPI improvement. These findings shed light on the interaction between histamine and acetylcholine signaling in a distributed network of PPI modulation.
Are prescribed infusions running as intended? Quantitative analysis of log files from infusion pumps used in a large acute NHS hospital
Authors: Aceves Carlos Monroy , Oladimeji Patrick , Thimbleby Harold , Lee Paul 
Published: June 2014

Quantitative analysis of event logs from 127 infusion pumps used in a large acute NHS hospital in Wales are presented and discussed. The logs record a snapshot of 3681 infusions, accounting for a total of 9048 hours of intravenous medication delivery. The pumps were used over seven departments throughout the hospital. The study shows that 44% (n=1637) of infusions are interrupted at least once. The analyses provide insights into how pumps are actually used in practice. There are important implications for staff training, pharmacy, procurement, equipment management and — in the longer run — improved device design.
Smart pumps—good for nurses as well as patients
Authors: Upton David , Quinn Chris 
Published: June 2014

Much has been made of the risks to patients, particularly from drug overdose, inherent in delivering medication via the intravenous route. The call for enhanced patient safety has fuelled the development of technological solutions to reduce the consequences of human error. However, while patient safety is always paramount, does the technology bestow any benefits to the nurse administering the care? This paper aims to explore the drivers behind the development of safety systems for IV infusion pumps, describe the so-called smart pump technology and its applications, and focus particularly on why these systems are good for nurses.
1 Exudate management
Authors: Hampton Sylvie , Verrall Debby 
Published: June 2014

Controlling wound exudate is a common problem that has traditionally been managed by changing dressings frequently—and using dressings that were not designed for highly exuding wounds. Wound exudate can have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life and can delay wound healing ( World Union of Wound Healing Societies (WUWHS), 2007 ). It is also challenging for clinicians and can be costly in terms of clinical time and dressing cost ( Dowsett, 2011 ). Use of appropriate absorbent dressings for effective exudate management can reduce time to healing, reduce exudate-related problems such as periwound skin damage and infection, improve patients' quality of life, reduce dressing change frequency and clinician input, and so, overall, improve healthcare efficiency ( Romanelli, et al, 2009 ).
Experimental and theoretical investigation of the new, metastable compound Cr3Sb
Authors: Regus Matthias , Kuhn Gerhard , Polesya Svitlana , Mankovsky Sergiy , Alemayehu Matti , Stolt Matthew , Johnson David C. , Ebert Hubert , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A new metastable compound Cr3Sb was synthesized as thin film starting from modulated elemental reactant layers. The new compound is cubic and crystallizes in the A15 structure (Cr3Si-type). A variation of the occupancy of the Sb position (0, 0, 0) was observed leading to a Cr-rich sample with formula Cr∼6Sb. In-situ X-ray diffraction and reflectivity investigations indicate an interdiffusion of the multilayers and crystallization of the new compound below 350°C. Calculations of the crystal structure and lattice parameter agree well with the experimental results. In addition the existence of a further metastable phase, a Heusler-like alloy, is discussed and supported by DFT calculations.
Anhydrous lithium borate, Li3B11O18, crystal structure, phase transition and thermal expansion
Authors: Sennova Natalia , Albert Barbara , Bubnova Rimma , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria , Filatov Stanislav 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A new lithium borate, Li3B11O18, was synthesized by crystallization from glass, containing an excess of B2O3. The compound crystallizes monoclinic, P21/a, Z=4, a=9.766(5) Å, b=7.849(5) Å, c=17.899(9) Å, β=100.96(5)°, V=1347.0(13) Å3 (R=0.06, wR=0.12). The structure is based upon two interpenetrating frameworks formed by triborate and pentaborate groups. The thermal behaviour of Li3B11O18 was studied using DTA, DSC, and high-temperature XRD. Highly anisotropic thermal expansion and a new high-temperature phase were observed.
Steels for Plastic Molding: Relationship between Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
Authors: Ghidini A. , Rivolta B. , Silva G. , Gerosa R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In the automotive world, many components are produced by polymer injection using steel molds with very large sizes, up to 1 m × 1 m sections or even larger. These steels should have good thermal conductivity, good weldability, high machinability, and good disposition to polishing and photoengraving. Moreover, high toughness and high mechanical properties across the whole mold thickness are strongly desired and appreciated. To satisfy these demands, chemical composition and heat-treatment cycles shall be properly designed and optimized. The traditional tensile and impact tests are useful for a basic characterization of the material, whereas the fracture toughness is related to an advanced and deeper analysis. Nevertheless, traditional tests are easier to be carried out and, hence, they are often preferred instead of the more complicated fracture-toughness tests. In this paper, the authors considered different mold steels as an attempt to correlate the fundamental mechanical parameters (i.e., the yield stress, the UTS, the elongation at rupture, and the absorbed impact energy) and the microstructures to the fracture toughness. Surface and core sampling position will be considered. The analysis of the available data resulted in very good correlations among the impact energy and the mechanical properties and among the fracture toughness and the impact energy.
A Multi-Body Numerical Modeling Approach to Investigate the Role of Inclusions in the Fracture Toughness of Bearing Steels
Authors: Subramanian Rohit , Shivpuri Rajiv 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Antifriction bearings often fail from inclusion initiated surface and/or subsurface cracks that propagate in a hard tempered-martensite matrix that contains a certain amount of retained austenite, especially for case carburized surfaces. The primary inclusions present are carbides, sulfides, nitrides, and oxides that are characterized by distinct morphology, frequency, and constitutive behavior. Consequently, the fracture toughness of the inclusion-matrix system depends on the interactions between the inclusions themselves and their surrounding matrix. This paper presents a numerical framework for investigating the fracture response of the inclusions and the multiphase tempered martensite matrix. In this multibody approach, the inclusions are modeled as discrete bodies embedded in a plastic matrix with their distinct constitutive behavior. The plastic response of the polycrystalline matrix is modeled using a micromechanics approach for heterogeneous materials based on the original works of Eshelby and Hill. Finally, the mechanics of inclusion-matrix interface is included in the sliding surface description for the contacting bodies. This fracture model used in this study is based on the energy adsorption in the initiation of cracks and their subsequent propagation during tensile loading. The multibody model is calibrated and validated by comparison to experimental results reported in literature. Subsequently, the effect of phases surrounding the inclusion and the composition of the matrix are evaluated using the model. The constitutive behavior of the transition layer surrounding the inclusion is found to have a profound impact on the fracture toughness properties. The volume fraction of retained austenite in the matrix is also found to influence the fracture toughness of the material and cracking instability. Key results of this investigation are included in this paper.
Curative Glubran 2 Embolization of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations Patient Selection and Initial Results
Authors: Liu Jie , Lv Ming , Lv Xianli , He Hongwei , Liu Aihua , Qian Zenghui , Li Youxiang 
Published: June 2014

The liquid embolic agents currently used for embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations are Onyx and NBCA. Glubran 2, a cyanoacrylate-based synthetic glue, has recently been applied for embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We report the clinical results of selected cerebral AVMs treated with Glubran 2 targeting for curative embolization. Between October 2011 and March 2013, 31 patients with cerebral AVMs were selected for curative embolization with Glubran 2. There were 19 men and 12 women with a mean age of 32 years (range 4–65 years). Initial clinical presentation included hemorrhage in 28 and seizures in three patients. AVM location was frontal in eight patients, parietal in four, occipital in eight temporal in six, cerebellar in two and cerebellar vermis in three patients. Follow-up was performed clinically and with angiography examination at three to six months. Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). A mean of 2.5 (range, 1–12) feeding pedicles were embolized per patient. Complete angiographic obliteration of AVM was achieved in 27 patients. A hemorrhagic complication was observed in one patient, an ischemic complication in one patient and technical complications in four patients. There was no procedure-related disabling neurological deficit or death at discharge. Additional gamma knife radiosurgery was performed in five patients, including one patient with recurrent AVM. All of the patients had favorable clinical outcomes at three to six month follow-up (mRS≤2). The curative embolization technique with Glubran 2 for selected cerebral AVMs achieved a high initial complete obliteration rate with an acceptable complication frequency.
Rare Breast Cancer Subtypes: Histological, Molecular, and Clinical Peculiarities
Authors: Dieci Maria Vittoria , Orvieto Enrico , Dominici Massimo , Conte PierFranco , Guarneri Valentina 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Breast cancer encompasses a collection of different diseases characterized by different biological and pathological features, clinical presentation, response to treatments, clinical behavior, and outcome. On the basis of cell morphology, growth, and architecture patterns, breast cancer can be classified in up to 21 distinct histological types. Breast cancer special types, including the classic lobular invasive carcinoma, represent 25% of all breast cancers. The histological diversity of breast carcinomas has relevant prognostic implications. Indeed, the rare breast cancer group includes subtypes with very different prognoses, ranging from the tubular carcinoma, associated with an indolent clinical course, to metaplastic cancer, whose outcome is generally unfavorable. New approaches based on gene expression profiling allow the identification of molecularly defined breast cancer classes, with distinct biological features and clinical behavior. In clinical practice, immunohistochemical classification based on the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and Ki67 is applied as a surrogate of the intrinsic molecular subtypes. However, the identification of intrinsic molecular subtypes were almost completely limited to the study of ductal invasive breast cancer. Moreover, some good-prognosis triple-negative histotypes, on the basis of gene expression profiling, can be classified among the poor-prognosis group. Therefore, histopathological classification remains a crucial component of breast cancer diagnosis. Special histologies can be very rare, and the majority of information on outcome and treatments derives from small series and case reports. As a consequence, clear recommendations about clinical management are still lacking. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about rare breast cancer histologies.
Validation of the Italian Version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN): Some Considerations on its Screening Usefulness
Authors: Moro Maria F , Carta Mauro G , Pintus Mirra , Pintus Elisa , Melis Riccardo , Kapczinski Flavio , Vieta Eduard , Colom Francesc 
Published: June 2014

Introduction:Abnormalities in biological rhythms (BR) may have a role in the pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorders (BD). The objective of this study is to validate the Italian version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), a useful tool in studying BR, and measure its accuracy in discriminating BD.Methods:44 outpatients with DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of BD and 38 controls balanced for sex and age were consecutively recruited. The discriminant validity of BRIAN for the screening of BD and its test re-test reliability in two evaluations were assessed.Results:BD patients scored 22.22±11.19 in BRIAN against 7.13±5.6 of the control group (P<0.0001). BRIAN showed a good accuracy to screen between BD non-BD at cutoff 16, a sensitivity was 68.2 and specificity was 92.5. The test-retest stability measured using Pearson’s coefficient found very high r values for each section and the total score, thus indicating a correlation at the two times of statistical significance in all measures. Cohen’s Kappa varied from 0.47 in the sociality section to 0.80 in the sleep section, with a total K mean of 0.65.Conclusion:The results show that the Italian version of BRIAN has good discriminant validity in detecting BD from healthy controls and shows good test-retest reliability. The study suggests the possibility of developing mixed screening tools by introducing items on dysregulation of biological rhythms to the usual measures of mood.
Invasive Electromagnetic Field Treatment in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Windisch C. , Kolb W. , Röhner E. , Wagner M. , Roth A. , Matziolis G. , Wagner A. 
Published: June 2014

Introduction :The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to compare the surgical treatment of non-ONFH in adulthood by curettage and bone grafting with treatment by curettage and bone grafting in combination with invasive electromagnetic field treatment using Magnetodyn®. This was assessed by examining whether electromagnetic field treatment has a positive additive effect on the clinical parameters modified Harris Hip Score according to Haddad, Cook and Brinker, Merle d'Aubigné hip score and visual analogue scale, and on the subsequent need for treatment by total hip arthroplasty.Materials and Methodology :The prospective, non-randomised study included 35 patients with unilateral or bilateral osteonecrosis of the femoral head. These were divided into two groups according to the surgical treatment regime and assessed over a 12-month follow-up period. The study group (Group 1) comprised 19 patients (14 men and 5 women) with a total of 22 non-ONFH, who underwent minimally invasive curettage, bone grafting and electromagnetic field treatment (Magnetodyn®) by implantation of a bipolar induction screw. The control group (Group 2) comprised 16 patients (12 men and 4 women) with a total of 18 non-ONFH, who underwent minimally invasive curettage and bone grafting without Magnetodyn®therapy. At the initial pre-operative examination and the 6 and 12-month follow-up, all patients were assessed by clinical examination and radiological monitoring, and by bilateral hip MRI. The clinical evaluation was based on the modified Harris Hip Score according to Haddad, Cook and Brinker, the Merle d`Aubigné hip score and the visual analogue scale (VAS).Results :At the time of follow-up, total hip arthroplasty (THA) had been performed in four patients in Group 1 (18%). In Group 2, four patients (22%) had received a THA (n.s.). Both procedures led to an improvement in the clinical scores (Harris Hip Score, Merle d`Aubigné score and VAS), although no significant difference was observed.Conclusion :The authors conclude that electromagnetic field treatment with Magnetodyn®, using the special signal protocol applied here, as an adjunct to curettage and autologous bone grafting to treat non-ONFH, does not produce better clinical results and does not offer better prophylaxis for the avoidance of total hip arthroplasty over all ARCO stages.