bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth pattern, growth deceleration, and relevant predictors in girls treated with GnRHa: a retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: Ouyang Lixue , Lu You , Lin Liangkang , Yang Fan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to analyze the height growth pattern and the incidence of significant growth deceleration in girls with CPP and EFP on GnRHa treatment, and thereby identify relevant predictors of growth deceleration.

Methods
The data of 99 girls diagnosed with CPP and 47 girls with EFP were included in this retrospective analysis. The incidence of growth deceleration was calculated in both the first and second years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors indicative of growth deceleration.

Results
Growth velocity (GV) trajectories showed gradual decreases to the nadir at 18 months of treatment, and then they recovered till the 24th month of treatment, especially in girls with CPP. Nevertheless, the recovery was significantly greater in the CPP group than EFP. In the first year, no significant difference in the incidence of growth deceleration was found between the CPP group and the EFP group [17.35 vs. 25.53 %, p=0.249]; in the second year, the CPP group had a lower incidence than the EFP group [42.86 vs. 76.92 %, p=0.027]. The multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that bone age (BA) was an independent predictor of growth deceleration (OR=2.264, 95 % CI: 1.268–4.042, p=0.006). The result of ROC curves showed the cut-off value of BA was 11.05 years.

Conclusions
GV varies at different periods during GnRHa treatment. GnRHa should be used with more caution for EFP treatment than for CPP. BA can be used to predict the occurrence of growth deceleration during GnRHa treatment.
The potential of phosphorus-solubilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria in agriculture: Present and future perspectives
Authors: Khuong Nguyen Quoc , Dat Le Tien , Xuan Ly Ngoc Thanh , Quang Le Thanh , Nghia Nguyen Khoi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential macronutrients for crops. It is present in soil in two forms: soluble and insoluble. However, plants cannot absorb the insoluble forms, including Al-P, Fe-P, and Ca-P; thus, the phosphorus use efficiency is reduced. Therefore, the biological approaches should focus more on sustainable agriculture to overcome this constraint. This article cites publications relating to the biological P solubilizer group of bacteria, which have a highly potential adaptation to many conditions in soils. Among the biological approaches, purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) are a potent group of bacteria according to their adaptability in acidic, saline, and toxic conditions based on their mechanisms in producing exopolymeric substances and siderophores under such adverse environments like acid-sulfate and saline soils. PNSB can solubilize P in soil to have more P availability for soil microbes and plants. This particular group of bacteria has been widely applied in liquid and solid forms from agricultural waste to promote plant growth under submerged conditions. Moreover, this article summarized the P-solubilizing mechanisms of P-solubilizing bacteria and introduced future research perspectives on patterns of PNSB in aspects of nutrient-providing potency, plant growth-promoting capability, and biological control capacity. However, the specific mechanisms of P solubilization by PNSB have not been well documented since the P-solubilizing mechanisms have been investigated on general P-solubilizing bacteria. Thus, specific pathways and metabolites relating to the P-solubilizing PNSB should be investigated, and attention should be addressed to them soon.
Organometallic complexes and reaction methods for synthesis: a review
Authors: Aziz Kwestan Namiq , Mahmood Ahmed Karzan , Omer Rebaz Anwar , Qader Aryan Fathulla , Abdulkareem Eman Ibraheem 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Organometallics are chemical compounds that consist of carbon-metal linkages. They have emerged as a result of the combination of organic and inorganic chemistry and exhibit a stable metal-carbon bond in solution. These compounds possess properties that lie between those of ionic and covalent bonds, making them highly significant in various industries. The fact that organometallics are present in all living organisms further emphasises their importance. In this overview, we will explore general reactions, such as substitution and insertion reactions, as well as different techniques for creating organometallic complexes. Additionally, we will provide a brief synthesis review of various types of organometallic complexes, including carbonyls, hydrides, alkyls, carbenes, and carbines. Organometallic compounds find extensive applications in stoichiometric chemical processes in both research and industry. Moreover, they serve as catalysts to enhance these reactions, making them more than just theoretical compounds. For example, organotin compounds are widely used as fire retardants, polymers, medications, insecticides, and stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride.
Empowering Entrepreneurial Competencies and Mindset in Teacher Training
Authors: Trasberg Karmen 
Published: August 2024

The article aims to identify the teacher students’ experiences regarding entrepreneurship education in pre-service training to empower the development of the entrepreneurial mindset of future teachers. Estonia belongs to one of the few countries in Europe where entrepreneurship education is a compulsory topic in pre-service teacher education. To frame entrepreneurial studies for future teachers, the competence model was created. Based on literature relating to entrepreneurial education and teacher’s competence model, qualitative research was conducted. Data was collected from 24 in-depth interviews with the teacher students. Inductive content analysis is used as the method of data analysis. The paper argues that addressing transferable competencies (e.g., creative thinking, teamwork and communication skills, self-management) is crucial for promoting entrepreneurial mindset and engagement of teacher students. When planning the content of entrepreneurial studies, experiential learning, authentic assignments, collaborative and reflective methods are the most potential to have an impact on meaningful learning. Teacher students evaluate these activities as motivationally challenging and essential for developing an entrepreneurial mindset. The results of the study are valuable for designing entrepreneurial studies module and integration of entrepreneurial competence as a cross-curricular theme in pre-service teacher education.
Potential and Challenges of School-Parent Collaboration in Developing Parental Health Literacy
Authors: Kravale Dace , Kestere Iveta 
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to use the experience of two Latvian schools to outline the potential of school-parent collaboration in promoting parental health literacy by answering the following questions: 1) How is the concept of health literacy understood by parents, teachers, and school administration? 2) What factors limit or hinder school-parent collaboration in promoting health literacy? 3) What are the recommendations of the actors involved to improve school-parent collaboration in promoting parental health literacy? This study adopts a qualitative case study approach and explores two cases of schools in Latvia. The data are obtained from 4 focus group discussions and 2 interviews with 26 respondents, including teachers, parents, and school principals, as well as from school records. The data are processed using content analysis.
Estandarización de una técnica de ELISA para Rinotraqueitis Infecciosa Bovina (RIB) y determinación de la prevalencia en el hato Blanco Orejinegro (BON) de Antioquia
Authors: Rodas Juan David , Arboleda John J , Zuluaga Fabio N , Trujillo Luis E , Ossa Jorge E 
Published: August 2024

Resumen Con el objeto de contribuir a la caracterización de la RIB en el país nos dimos la tarea de estandarizar una prueba de ELISA que nos permitiera realizar el diagnostico epidemiológico de la infección en forma más económica y logísticamente menos compleja. Basados en los resultados de 982 sueros previamente probados por Nt, estandarizamos una técnica de ELISA para RIB. El promedio de los delta de densidad óptica para los 796 sueros negativos por la prueba base fue de 0.077 (+/- 0.083 SD) y para los 186 positivos, de 0.52 (+/- 0.22). De acuerdo con estos datos establecimos un punto de corte de 0,27, con el cual logramos una especificidad de 97% y una sensibilidad del 92% para e ELISA en suero sanguíneo y una concordancia con la prueba patrón de 96%. Adicionalmente realizamos un estudio de la prevalencia de la infección para el hato Blanco Orejinegro (BON) de Antioquia. Se probaron 593 sueros de ganado BON, obtenidos de cinco haciendas y se encontró una prevalencia del 11.5% este valor es más bajo que los descritos previamente para la población general en otras regiones geográficas del país. Es posible, de acuerdo con estos datos, recomendar el establecimiento de hatos libres de la infección, como una estrategia adicional para la preservación de esta raza autóctona en peligro de extinción. Summary With the objective of contributing to the characterization of IBR in Colombia, we commit ourselves to standardize an ELISA test to improve the serologic diagnostic BHV-1 infection. The ELISA test was standardized with 982 neutralization tested serum samples. The delta averages of optical density for 186 and 796 positive and negative sera by ELISA, were 0.52 and 0.077 with standard deviations of 0.22 and 0.0833 respectively. A cut off point was established at 0.27 and the specificity and sensibility were 97 and 92% respectively. The % of concordance between ELISA and NT was 96%. A prevalence study was carried out in BON cattle from Antioquia. 593 (representing 80% of the which universe) serum samples were taken and tested from 5 pure breeding farms. 11.5% of prevalence was found. This finding is lower than those found on previous studies in Colombia. The results suggest that the establishment of a herd free infection policy could be a good choice to aid in the objective of preserving autochthonous Colombian cattle.
Caracterizacion de la función luteal durante el primer ciclo post-parto inducido por medio de un progestágeno en vacas cebú brahmán en amamantamiento
Authors: Serrano C A , Olivera M 
Published: August 2024

Resumen 19 vacas de la raza cebu brahmán entre 3-5 meses posporto, multíparas, en amamantamiento, con condición corporal optima y en anestro, fueron seleccionadas para determinar la duración de la fase luteal y los patrone de producción de P4 durante el primer ciclo post-parto con el fin de determinar el tipo de insuficiencia luteal presente a la cual se le ha atribuido las baas tasa de preñez obtenidas durente este periodo de tiempo. El grupo inducido (n = 12) recibió un implante subcutáneo que contenia 6 mg de Norgestomet y al mismo tiempo recibió una inyección IM de 3 mg de Norgestomet y 5 mg de Valerti de Estradiol, el implante se retiro a los 9 dias. El 91.6% de las vacas inducidas presentaron calor entre 36-48 h luego del retiro del implante (contr 42.85% de las vacas control durante los 2 meses de observación) la tasa de preñez obtenida luego de la I.A. durante este primer celo inducido fue de 9% 8/11 (66%) animales inducidos que presentaron calor 72.7% mostraron actividad luteal de estos, el 75% presentaron cuerpos luteos con una duración media de < 14 dias. Las vacas con valores mas bajos de P4 acumulada durante el ciclo se relacionan mas con un "retardo" en su capacidad secretora durante los primeros días del celo, que con una lisis temprana del cuerpo luteo. Este "retardo" es apenas superado alrededor del dia 10 del ciclo, y es este mismo, el causante de la corta duración de las fases luteales correspondientes. Palabras clave: vaca, cebú, post-parto, progesterona, progestágeno, cuerpo luteo. Summary Nineteen Brahman breed under sucled cows were studied. They reached 3-5 months post-partum, and were selected to determinate the time period of luteal stage and the production patterns of P4 during the first post-partum cycle, in order to established the kind of luteal deficiency related with low pregnancy rates. The induced group (n = 12) received Norgestomet subcutaneously (6 mg) and intramuscularly (3 mg). and estradiol valerato (5 mg). the implant (subcutaneous) was removed ten days later. The 91.6% of the induced cows showed estrous between 36-48 h after the remotion of the implant (against 42.85% of control cows during 2 months under the observation). The pregnancy rate obtained after the artificial insemination (A.I) during this first induced estrous was 9%. Eight of 11 (66%) induced animal with estrous (72.7%) showed luteal activity. Of these, 75% showed corpus leteum a mean life (> 14 days). Cows with lower values of P4 have more relation with a "delay" in their secretory capacity during the cicle's first days, that with early corpus luteum lisis. That "delay" is just overcome by the day tenth of the cycle and couses the short time period of the corresponding luteal stage.
Mecanismos de defensa del sistema digestivo del cerdo y estrategias de prevención mediadas por inmunidad calostral. Revision de litertura
Authors: Maldonado J G , González M S , Otero A M 
Published: August 2024

Resumen El tracto digestivo uno de los sitios de mayor reto antigénico del organismo en donde el sistema inmune debe discriminar entre antígenos replicativos (agentes infecciosos) y no replicativos (antígenos de la dieta y moléculas solubles) y generar respuesta inmunes efectivas contra los primeros y, los segundos, respuestas que no impliquen reacciónes adversas de hipersensibilidad. Por tanto operan mecanismos de respuesta inmune que difieren de las respuestas efectras clásicos que se pueden encontrar a nivel sistémico: por ejemplo, la generación de células efectoras citotoxicas no es una función importante en el tejido linfoide del intestino (GALT) no obstante la presencia de linfocitos intraepiteliales y de la lamina propia que juegn un papel primordial en los eventos de diferenciación de las células plasmáticas productoras de IgA. De otro lado, los conocimientos desarrollados en el campo de la inmunidad mucosas han permitido diseñar estudios para estimular la capacidad de respuesta inmune del lechojn, mediante la inmunización de la cerda gestante con diversos tipos de antígenos y para explorar la inmunización oral como estrategia para inducir respuestas inmunorpofilacticas mas eficientes contra los patógenos del tracto digestivo. El objetivo de la presente revisión es revisar los conocimientos mas recientes sobre el campo de la inmunidad de mucosas en la especie porcina y sus posibles usos en la porcicultura. Summary The digestive tract in one of the places with the highest antigenic challenge in the body in which the immune system should discriminate between infections replicate antigens and soluble and dietary non-replicate one, in order to elicit protective specific immune responses against the former and appropriate not hypersensibility-like reactions against the Second. Thereafter, those efector mechanisms operating at the mucosal level differ with the classic efector mechanisms operating at the systemic evel; i.e. the generation of cytotoxic efector T-cell is not important function in the Gut Associated Lymphoid Tussue (GALT) and the presence of intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocyte appear to play an important role in the differenciacion of secretory IgA-producing plasma cells. On the other hand, reent knowlegdement achieved in the field of mucosal immunity allowed to desing several experimental protocols for improving the potential immune responses of sucking piglets by previous immunization of the pregnant sow and to test oral vaccination as an interesting approach to elicit more protective immunoprphylactic responses against specific pathogens of the digestive tract. The propose of the pre4sent review is to discuss recent knowledge related to mucosal immunity in pigs and its possible applications in pig industry.
Dinamica folicular en novillas y vacas Bos indicus y Bos taurus. Revision de literatura
Authors: Maldonado J G , Agudelo B , Vásquez A 
Published: August 2024

Resumen La dinámica folicular hace referencia a procesos que ocurren a lo largo del ciclo estral en bovinos que implican en desarrollo de ondas foliculares desde el reclutamiento de un grupo o cohorte de folículos preantrales, su crecimiento, la selección de un folículo dominante y la regresión de los folículos llamados subordinados, hasta llegar a la ovulación del folículo dominante o su proceso de atresia con su emergencia de una nueva cohorte de desarrollo folicular, dependiendo esto de la presencia o ausencia de las concentraciones de progesterona típicas del diestro. Durante el ciclo estral es posible encontrar hembras que desarrollen desde 2 hasta 4 ondas de desarrollo folicular, en respuesta a estimulos relacionados con el ambiente externo -factores ambientales y de manejo- y con el ambiente interno -factores asociados con el estado productivo y reproductivo- de la vaca, regulados por el eje hipotálamo-hipofisis-ovario. El conocimiento de los factores que regulan dinámica folicular podría ser de gran utilidad para solucionar difersas patologías de la reproducción de la hembra, al mismo tiempo que permitiría optimizar la respuesta de las hembras a los protocolos de sincronización hormonal utilizados en la biotecnología de la reproducción. Summary Bovine ovarian follicular dynamics do refer to the process that takes place into the ovaries during and normal bovine estrous cycle, a continuos development of follicular waves that includes recruitment and growth cohorts of preantral follicles, the selection of the dominant follicle with the regression -atresia- of its subordinate follicles and the process of ovulation of the dominant or its atresia, with the emergence of a new follicular wave depending of the presence or not of the typical diestrus levels of progesterone. During a normal estrous cycle the cows could have two, three or four waves of follicular development, depending if stimuling from both external -environmental or management and internal- productive and reproductive states. Understanding factors responsible for regulating follicular dynamics in cattle should be very useful for the solution of several reproductive pathologies of the cow, in as much as should improve current protocols related to hormonal synchronization in the field of biotechnology of reproduction.
Características osteoconductoras de la hidroxiapatita sintética y la derivada de corales marinos injertadas en conejos. Análisis descriptivo
Authors: Riaño Carlos , Echavarría Alejandro , Ramírez Gloria , Escobar Iván G , Cardona John J , Giraldo Adriana E 
Published: August 2024

Resumen Se presenta el procedimiento de obtención de hidroxiapatita (HA) sintética, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 a partir de fosfato de amonio y nitrato de calcio. Se incorporan fibras de celulosa, con el propósito de obtener una buena cristalización de HA y combustión de la celulosa formando un material poroso. Los análisis muestran alta proporción de HA y menor cantidad de fosfatos tetracálcico y tricálcico. Muestras de coral tratadas con fosfato de amonio (vía hidrotérmica) y muestras de coral precalentadas a 650 y 1000 °C, sumergidas en fosfato de amonio y posteriormente tratadas a 1050 °C (vía pirotérmica) fueron evaluadas mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX). Por la vía hidrotérmica no se obtuvo descomposición apreciable de la red de aragonito típica del coral y la vía pirotérmica propuesta, exhibe una baja o nula cantidad de HA. Los resultados indican que no es posible obtener HA a partir del coral bajo las condiciones experimentales evaluadas y que la coralina no se comporta como un material biocompatible para obtener regeneración ósea. Por último, al colocar injertos aloplásticos de HA, se observó buena integración de estos al hueso; los procesos de remodelación y reparación ósea fueron adecuados y evolucionaron de forma normal. Sin embargo, el grupo que recibió como injerto aloplástico la coralina presentó necrosis y lisis del hueso con marcada reacción inflamatoria. Palabras clave: fosfato de calcio, hidroxiapatita, injertos. Summary In this study we present the procedure to obtain synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) from ammonium phosphate and calcium nitrate sources. Cellulose fibers were incorporated with the purpose to achieve a good crystallization of HA and combustion of the cellulose was performed in order to produce a porous-like material. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed a high proportion of HA with small quantities of tricalcium and tetracalcium phosphates. Coral samples treated with ammonium phosphate by a hydrothermal procedure or coral samples pre-heated at 650 and 1000 °C submerged in ammonium phosphates and later on treated at 1050 °C by a pyrothermal procedure were also evaluated by XRD. The hydrothermal technique did not produce decomposition of the typical aragonite frame of the coral, whereas the pyrothermal technique did not produce any quantity of HA. Finally, a good integration of the HA was observed when HA was implanted to tibial bone in dogs; remodeling and reparation were optimal and evolved according to normal processes. However, the animals implanted with coralline showed necrosis, lysis and severe inflammatory reactions at the implantation sites. These results indicate that it is not possible obtain HA from coral under the experimental conditions here evaluated and that coralline did not behave as a good biocompatible material for implants. Keywords: calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, implants.
Radicales libres y desarrollo embrionario
Authors: Camargo R Omar , Ramírez José I , Olivera Angel Martha 
Published: August 2024

Resumen El estudio de la biología del desarrollo en mamíferos y la aplicación práctica del conocimiento obtenido a través de la fertilización in vitro y la transferencia de embriones, han tenido como obstáculo importante la alteración del desarrollo embrionario observado con frecuencia durante su cultivo y del cual la producción incontrolada de especies reactivas de oxígeno -EROs- (estrés oxidativo) parece ser una de las causas. Aunque la identificación inequívoca de las fuentes de EROs es difícil, se reconoce que la composición de gas atmosférico así como el metabolismo embrionario juegan un papel importante. La evidencia se basa en el incremento de las tasas de desarrollo en presencia de varios limpiadores (scavengers) de radicales libres o reducidas concentraciones de oxígeno en el medio de cultivo. Tales resultados sugerirían que el ambiente in vivo cuenta con mecanismos para destruir o limpiar radicales libres, o que la EROs no se generan allí debido a la limitada disponibilidad de oxígeno. Los efectos de los EROs in vitro podrían ser controlados si identificamos sus fuentes y mecanismos de acción. Summary Until now, the study of mammalian development, as well as practical applications of information obtained from in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, have both been hampered by changes in embryonic development frequently observed during culture. One of the causes of these changes seems to be the uncontrolled production of oxygen reactive species (ORSs). Although it is difficult to pinpoint the sources of ORSs, two factors are known to play an important role-the composition of atmospheric gas and embryo metabolism. The evidence is based on increased rates of development in the presence of either various scavengers of free radicals or reduced concentrations of oxygen in the culture medium. These results suggest that in vivo environment includes mechanisms which, in the former case, destroy or remove free radicals or, in this second, that ORSs are not produced there due to the limited availability of oxygen it we could definitively identify the sources and pathways of the ORSs, their effects could be productively controlled.