bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ultrafine grinding on the structure and physical properties of pregelatinized rice starch
Authors: Wu Jun‐Ying , Wu Ming , Wu Chenchen , Zhang Guang , Fu Yu , Liu Xiao‐Fei , Zhang Na 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study used a combination method of ultrafine grinding and pregelatinization to modify rice starch (RS) to delay its retrogradation and provide a rationale for prolonging rice product shelf life. The structure and physicochemical properties of the pregelatinized ultrafine grinding rice starch (PURS) were compared with those of RS, ultrafine grinding rice starch (URS), and pregelatinized rice starch (PRS). The microstructure, molecular weight, branched starch length distribution, short‐range order, crystal structure, and physical properties of RS, URS, PRS, and PURS were analyzed, respectively. Results showed that RS, URS, PRS, and PURS granules exhibited similar spherical or polygonal shapes, and the content of amylose and short‐branched starch in PURS increased compared with RS, URS, and PRS. Furthermore, the cross‐polarization of PRS and PURS disappeared. Long‐chain amylopectin and average molecular weight of PURS decreased significantly after ultrafine grinding. Our study suggested reduced breakdown value and setback value and improved gel stability, and PURS was beneficial for delaying retrogradation compared to RS, URS, and PRS. The ultrafine grinding method improved the water swelling capacity (WSC), solubility, pasting properties, and gelation properties of PRS. The hardness of PURS was reduced by ultrafine grinding. These suggest that the combination of ultrafine grinding and pregelatinization could improve the properties of RS. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the structure of PURS significantly influenced the physicochemical properties. The present study was helpful in better understanding the importance of ultrafine grinding in improving the anti‐retrogradation of PURS and provided new insights into extending the shelf life of rice products by ultrafine grinding and pregelatinization.
Innovative plasma treatment of orange juice to improve bioactive concentration: The effects of various parameters using response surface analysis
Authors: Zhou Guiling , Shen Zhenxing , Fan Hao , Chang Tian , Yang Yiming , Yang Liu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOrange juice is a highly nutritious beverage. Traditional pasteurization methods cause nutrient loss and taste changes. Plasma treatment (PT) is an emerging method with a high sterilization rate. This study investigated the effects of corona discharge plasma on the sterilization of orange juice by changes in color difference, total phenol content, and pH value. Single‐factor experiments revealed that higher voltage (40 kV) and longer sterilization time (25 min) had better sterilization effects. Response surface analysis indicated that frequency had the greatest impact on sterilization rates, and the optimal sterilization conditions were a voltage of 44.75 kV, a frequency of 9.46 kHz, and a sterilization time of 25 min. Under these conditions, the sterilization rate reached 97.9%, meeting the national standard of 104 colony‐forming units/mL (GB7101‐2022). Compared to untreated juices, the color difference value was 16.32, the pH value decreased by 0.12, and the total phenol content increased by 0.669 mg/mL. However, the evaporation of water plays an important role in increasing the total phenol co. Moreover, the comparative analysis showed that PT was comparable to pasteurization in terms of sterilization effects, flavor preservation, and the concentration of bioactive components. This study provides a theoretical basis for industrial applications of PT.
Comparison between the sodium chloride content and labeled salt value of industrially prepared Japanese single dishes
Authors: Sato Yoko , Suzuki Kumiko , Inagaki Runa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSalt intake reduction is a global concern. In particular, Japanese consume higher amounts of salt than those of other ethnicities. The sodium content is mentioned on the label of industrially prepared dishes with an intention of reducing salt intake. This study aimed to evaluate the difference between the actual sodium content and labeled salt value of industrially prepared Japanese single dishes. Samples labeled “estimated” were collected and classified as Japanese, Western, and Chinese cuisines. The sodium content ranged from 180 to 1011 mg/100 g. The sodium content was higher than their reported values in other countries. Specifically, Chinese dishes contained high amounts of sodium, although the chloride content was similar across cuisine styles. Further, the molar ratio (i.e., sodium/chloride) had no significant effect on the difference between the actual content and labeled value. The measured salt contents were 20% higher than the labeled values. The results of decision tree analysis indicated that if the labeled salt value of stir‐fried foods is determined by calculation, the actual sodium content is much higher than the labeled salt value. These findings are crucial for customers, dietitian, and researchers as they refer to the labeled salt value to determine the sodium content of industrially prepared foods.
The Relationship Between Financial Education in Young Adults and Financial Literacy: A Review of the Literature in Canada and the United States*
Authors: Adesina Folasade , Carnaghan Carla , Smith James 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTProfessional accounting bodies in Canada and the United States, and throughout the world, have funded programs to improve financial literacy for many years. This ongoing interest stems from the expected benefits of improved financial behavior for individuals, society, and financial markets. However, the fact that relatively little research on financial literacy has been published in accounting journals suggests that few accounting academics are aware of, interested in, or motivated to work on the topic. This review helps to identify what we know about the effectiveness of financial education programs intended specifically for young adults, who constitute the demographic group likely to gain the most from improved financial literacy. Our review identifies factors that impinge both on the effectiveness of financial education programs and the research examining these programs. Noteworthy factors include (1) a lack of theoretical frameworks to guide the programs and research on the programs, (2) a tendency for outcome measures to capture financial knowledge rather than financial behaviors, and (3) the need for stronger research designs. We also note some possible instructional design considerations in developing financial education programs and highlight financial literacy as a promising area of research for accounting academics. Our findings can help guide improvements to financial education programs and encourage further research to assess the effectiveness of financial literacy programs.
Seasonal optimisation of drone‐based photogrammetry in a heterogeneous boreal landscape
Authors: Brown Ian A. , Ghaly Mark , Greiser Caroline , Lam Norris , Lehmann Philipp 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsUncrewed aerial vehicles (UAV), or drones, have become more affordable and easier to use, resulting in increased UAV applications in ecology and conservation. However, solar illumination, vegetation phenology and prevailing weather conditions will impact the quality of the derived products to differing degrees. In this study, we investigate how seasonal differences in solar illumination, tree foliage and weather conditions impact the accuracy of digital elevation models (DEM) and canopy height models (CHM) in a heterogeneous boreal landscape.MethodsWe compared DEMs and CHMs derived from drone photogrammetry with DEMs and CHMs produced from a drone‐mounted laser scanner across three seasons with different solar illumination, tree foliage and weather conditions during leaf‐off and leaf‐on seasons. Photogrammetric height models were evaluated across three land‐cover classes consisting of open areas, sparse‐forest and forest. The most accurate CHM for sparse‐forest was produced during summer under overcast conditions, whereas for the forest class, summer under clear skies was best.ResultsStructure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry performed well against the LiDAR survey in most cases with correlations between sampled points of up to R2 = 0.995. Root mean square errors (RMSEs) were <1.5 m in all DEMs and as low as 0.31 m in autumn clear‐sky data over open terrain. CHM RMSEs were somewhat higher in all cases except under winter overcast conditions when the RMSE for sparse‐forest reached 6.03 m.ConclusionsWe have shown that SfM photogrammetry is surprisingly robust to variations in vegetation type, tree phenology and weather, and performs well in comparison with a reference LiDAR data set. Our results show that, in boreal forests, autumn is the preferred season under clear‐sky conditions for DEM generation from SfM photogrammetry across all land‐cover classes, whereas summer is preferred for CHM modelling with a small trade‐off between overcast and clear‐sky conditions over different vegetation types. These results can help potential SfM users in ecology and forestry plan missions and review the quality of products derived from drone photogrammetry products.
A randomised trial of short‐ vs long‐term androgen deprivation with salvage radiotherapy for biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy: URONCOR 06‐24
Authors: González‐San Segundo Carmen , López Campos Fernando , Gómez Iturriaga Alfonso , Rodríguez Aurora , Olivera Jesús , Duque‐Santana Víctor , Sancho Gemma , Henríquez Iván , Conde Antonio José , Valero Jeannette , Maldonado Xavier , Glaria Luis , Caballero Begoña , Sanmamed Noelia , Mases Joel , Boladeras‐Inglada Anna María , Montijano Miguel , Santos Marina , Álvarez Ana , Martínez Juan I. , Couñago Felipe 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundSalvage radiotherapy (SRT) and androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) are widely used in routine clinical practice to treat patients with prostate cancer who develop biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). However, there is no standard‐of‐care consensus on optimal duration ADT. Investigators propose three distinct risk groups in patients with prostate cancer treated with SRT in order to better define the indications and duration of ADT combined with SRT.Study designThe URONCOR 06‐24 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05781217) is a prospective, multicentre, randomised, open‐label, phase III, clinical trial. The aim of the trial is to determine the impact of short‐term (6 months) vs long‐term (24 months) ADT in combination with SRT on distant metastasis‐free survival (MFS) in patients with prostate cancer with BCR after RP (intermediate and high risk).EndpointsThe primary endpoint is 5‐year MFS rates in patients with prostate cancer treated with long‐ vs short‐term ADT in combination with SRT. Secondary objectives are biochemical‐relapse free interval, pelvic progression‐free survival, time to start of systemic treatment, time to castration resistance, cancer‐specific survival, overall survival, acute and late toxicity, and quality of life.Methods and analysisTotal of 534 patients will be randomised 1:1 to ADT 6 months or ADT 24 months with a luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogue in combination with SRT, stratified by risk group and pathological lymph node status.Ethics and disseminationThe study is conducted under the guiding principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The results will be disseminated at research conferences and in peer‐reviewed journals.Trial registration numberEudraCT number 2021‐006975‐41.
Initiation and evolution of an epicontinental shelf‐slope margin in an actively contracting deep‐water basin: The Eocene Aínsa Basin, southern Pyrenees (Spain)
Authors: Ayckbourne Ashley J. M. , Jerrett Rhodri M. , Watkinson Matthew P. , Poyatos‐Moré Miquel , Kane Ian A. , Covey‐Crump Stephen , Taylor Kevin G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe shelf‐slope margin is a geomorphic zone with a change in gradient between subaqueous shelves and slopes, which extends towards the submarine basin‐floor. It is important because it partitions distinct sedimentary and biogenic processes between the shallow and deep‐water realms. The initiation of a shelf‐slope profile from pre‐existing conditions, and the evolution of shelf margins in space and time has been the focus of numerous studies, particularly from seismic data sets on passive margins, although markedly less‐so from active tectonic settings. This study documents the initiation and evolution of a shelf‐slope margin in the well‐studied Eocene Aínsa Basin (Spanish Pyrenees) through the segmentation of a mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic ramp via contractional tectonics and differential subsidence. The basinward propagation of a series of thrusts through the ramp allowed the maintenance of shallow‐water, predominantly carbonate sedimentation on their uplifted hanging wall anticlines. Conversely, the deepened foot wall synclines became muddy slope environments, and their axes became the main loci of siliciclastic turbidity current bypass and deposition. The deflection of turbidity currents around uplifted areas towards the synclinal lows allowed for the continuation of carbonate production at the bathymetric highs, which kept pace with subsidence. The interface between shallow‐ and deep‐water sedimentation (i.e. the shelf‐slope margin) was an erosional and composite submarine scarp surface generated by several phases of large‐scale mass wasting of the aggrading shelf carbonates, and healing by onlap of slope turbidites against the scarp. Continued thrust propagation and basin deepening led to the progressive headward degradation of the surfaces, resulting in an apparent retrogradation of the shelf‐slope margin and onlapping slope deposits. This model for the tectonically controlled conversion of a submarine ramp into a shelf‐slope profile contrasts with conventional models that consider shelf‐slope margins to be inherently progradational after initiation. This study also challenges the notion that large‐scale degradational surfaces and thick successions of submarine landslides are inherently diagnostic of canyons and their fill.
What features of education policies are effective in facilitating successful outcomes for Australian Department of Education students in out of home care?
Authors: Musgrave Celeste , Hopwood Belinda , Kilpatrick Sue , Hudson Judith 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAustralian and international research has consistently revealed that children residing in Out of Home Care (OOHC) experience low academic achievement, high rates of suspension, high rates of early school drop‐out and poor representation in post school study. To address the issues experienced by many students in OOHC, trauma informed policies have been introduced in schools and education districts, both in Australia and internationally. Informed by current research and by the Trauma Informed Approach Guidelines, developed by the US Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), this research aimed to identify and analyse current OOHC education policies and support documents implemented by Australian State and Territory Departments of Education. Using a thematic content analysis of national and international research on the concerning educational outcomes of OOHC students, a policy analysis framework was created and used as the tool to analyse Australian OOHC education policies currently implemented by state and territory Departments of Education. Considerable variations were evident in OOHC education policies throughout Australian Departments of Education, with only the states of Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria having policies explicitly for OOHC students. Significant variations also existed in the levels and types of support provided between Australian states and territories. Australian Departments of Education, schools and teacher practitioners can do more to further enhance the educational experience of students residing in OOHC. Suggestions have been made on how this can be achieved.
Increasing acceptance of AI‐generated digital twins through clinical trial applications
Authors: Vidovszky Anna A. , Fisher Charles K. , Loukianov Anton D. , Smith Aaron M. , Tramel Eric W. , Walsh Jonathan R. , Ross Jessica L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractToday's approach to medicine requires extensive trial and error to determine the proper treatment path for each patient. While many fields have benefited from technological breakthroughs in computer science, such as artificial intelligence (AI), the task of developing effective treatments is actually getting slower and more costly. With the increased availability of rich historical datasets from previous clinical trials and real‐world data sources, one can leverage AI models to create holistic forecasts of future health outcomes for an individual patient in the form of an AI‐generated digital twin. This could support the rapid evaluation of intervention strategies in silico and could eventually be implemented in clinical practice to make personalized medicine a reality. In this work, we focus on uses for AI‐generated digital twins of clinical trial participants and contend that the regulatory outlook for this technology within drug development makes it an ideal setting for the safe application of AI‐generated digital twins in healthcare. With continued research and growing regulatory acceptance, this path will serve to increase trust in this technology and provide momentum for the widespread adoption of AI‐generated digital twins in clinical practice.
Overseas trade and taxation in England and Wales, c. 1680–1790
Authors: Sweeting Spike 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHistorians have made relatively little headway in quantifying the economic influence of central government taxation in the eighteenth century. This question has a bearing on both the claims of the fiscal military state thesis that taxation got more regressive after 1690 and histories of welfare, which have argued that the lot English labourers improved during this period. The following article shows how the state indirectly taxed English and Welsh consumers and what impact that had on prices. It pays special attention to revenues derived from overseas trade and compares them with excises on beer and malt. It also uses recent estimates of consumption to calculate the taxes paid by ‘respectable’ households and charts the advancing impositions made by the state. It finds that most revenues derived from overseas trade were paid by middling or elite households with incomes that could easily achieve respectability. Poorer households were, however, squeezed hard by inland duties on beer, coal, and other necessaries. In this respect, factoring in state taxes should cause historians to revise downwards the living standards of much of the population.
High‐Resolution Forensic Evaluation of Nitrate‐Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Sklash Michael , Vakili Fatemeh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDetermining the source(s) of nitrate contamination in agricultural areas is complicated; doing this as a forensic evaluation for litigation in one field week is especially challenging. The objective of this 2021 investigation, conducted for an agricultural producer who began applying animal waste in 2007, was to determine whether animal waste was the source of nitrate reported at downgradient residential wells. The test Site was a 180 acre, irrigated field that overlies a thick sand aquifer with the water table at about 20 ft below ground level (fbgl). We used multiple lines of evidence to resolve the source(s) of nitrate at three test locations at the Site using continuous vertical testing for hydraulic conductivity and high‐resolution vertical testing of selected chemical and isotopic parameters in water at 5‐ft depth intervals between 5 and 80 fbgl. We found that beneath the Site at the depth interval of most of the impacted residential wells: (1) groundwater travel time indicates nitrate at the impacted residential wells could not have originated from the Site, (2) the groundwater age based on tritium (3H) pre‐dates the establishment of manure spreading, and (3) the nitrogen‐15 concentrations (δ15N) in nitrate indicate the nitrate is not all, if in any part, due to animal waste. This high‐resolution investigation clearly indicated that the agricultural producer was not responsible for the impacted residential wells and was completed in only 1 week.
Pneumovesical vesicovaginal fistula repair: Lessons learned from an initial series of 25 patients
Authors: Jeon Byeong Jo , Tae Bum Sik , Yoo Jeong Wan , Koo Ho Young , Oh Cheol Young , Park Jae Young , Bae Jae Hyun 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to share the experiences and outcomes of laparoscopic pneumovesical repair for vesicovaginal fistulas (VVF).Materials and methodsA retrospective review of medical records from a single institution over 10 years was conducted. The focus was on patients who underwent VVF repair using a pneumovesical approach with three 5 mm laparoscopic ports. The study evaluated perioperative parameters, postoperative outcomes, and complication rates to assess the efficacy and safety of this surgical method. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis was used to determine the learning curve based on operative time.ResultsOf the 26 patients with VVF, 23 (88.5%) had successful fistula closure after the first surgery. One patient required open surgery conversion due to challenges in maintaining pneumovesicum, and two experienced recurrences, although successful repairs were achieved in subsequent surgeries. The average patient age was 47.4 years, with a mean operative time of 99.9 min. The postoperative hospital stay averaged 9.1 days, and catheterization lasted about 11 days. The CUSUM chart indicated a learning curve, with fluctuations until the 19th case, followed by a consistent upward pattern.ConclusionLaparoscopic pneumovesical VVF repair is an effective and safe technique, especially suitable for fistulas near the ureteral orifice or deep in the vaginal cavity. The method demonstrates favorable outcomes with minimal complications and allows for easy reoperation if necessary.