bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue-engineered sub-urethral sling with muscle-derived cells for urethral sphincter regeneration in an animal model of stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Naji Mohammad , Ansari Elham , Besharati Sepideh , Hajiabbas Maryam , Mohammadi Torbati Peyman , Asghari Vostikolaee Mohammad Hassan , Hajinasrollah Mostafa , Sharifiaghdas Farzaneh 
Published: August 2024

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a widespread condition affecting more than 200 million people worldwide. Common treatments for this condition include retropubic colposuspension, and pelvic sling methods, which use autologous grafts or synthetic materials to support the bladder neck and urethral sphincter. Although these treatments have a cure rate of over 80%, adverse effects and recurrence may still occur. Several studies have focused on the potential of cell therapy. Muscle-derived cells (MDCs) can be easily obtained from small biopsied striated muscular tissues and possess superior multi-lineage differentiation and self-renewal capacity. Methods: Based on the unique characteristics of MDCs and previous favorable results in muscle regeneration, we fabricated a chitosan-gelatin hydrogel sling loaded with MDCs in a rat model of SUI. Leak point pressure and histological indices regarding inflammation, muscular atrophy, and collagen density were assessed to compare the effectiveness of cell injection and cell-laden sling. Results: The level of LPP was significantly reduced in the MODEL group versus the control animals. The LPP level was considerably higher in CELL INJECTION, SLING, and CELL/SLING groups compared to the MODEL group but did not reach the significance threshold. The inflammation rate was significantly lower in the CELL/SLING group compared to the SLING group. Conclusion: The CELL/SLING group showed less atrophy compared to the other experimental groups, indicating that the cells may have higher viability on SLING than through injection. This also suggests that in long-term studies, as the degradation rate of hydrogels increases, the function of cells will become more apparent.
Gut microbiota alterations in renal transplant recipients and the risk of urinary tract infection and delayed graft function: A preliminary prospective study
Authors: Jelveh Moghaddam Erfan , Pourmand Gholamreza , Ahmadi Badi Sara , Yarmohammadi Hossein , Soltanipur Masood , Mahalleh Mehrdad , Rezaei Mahdi , Mirhosseini Seyed Mohsen , Siadat Seyed Davar 
Published: August 2024

Background: The implication of gut microbiota in the gut-kidney axis affects the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Gut microbiota composition changes during CKD. We aimed to determine the relative frequency of important gut microbiota members in end-stage renal disease (ERSD) patients before and after renal transplantation compared to healthy subjects. Methods: Fifteen kidney transplant patients and 10 healthy subjects were recruited in this case-control prospective study. Fecal samples were taken sequentially from all patients before kidney transplantation, 1 week, and 1 month after it. The relative frequency of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, and Faecalibacterium pruasnitzii were determined through quantitative PCR. The obtained data was statistically analyzed by Stata software (Stata Corporation, USA). Results: The mean log number of all bacteria was significantly higher in healthy individuals than kidney transplant recipients ( p < 0.001) except for Lactobacillus where the mean levels were almost identical in the two groups ( p = 0.67). Moreover, 20% (3) of patients developed a urinary tract infection. Besides, 2 (13.33%) patients were diagnosed with delayed graft function. There were no statistically significant differences regarding changing trends in bacteria log number of Akkermansia muciniphila ( p = 0.12), Bacteroid fragilis ( p = 0.75), Bifidobacterium ( p = 0.99), Escherichia coli ( p = 0.5), Faecalibacterium ( p = 0.98), and Lactobacilli ( p = 0.93) between patients with and without delayed graft function (DGF). Conclusion: Gut microbiota composition in patients with ESRD was significantly different from those without it. However, the microbiota profile did not significantly differ in patients with and without DGF.
The Intersectionality of Race and Gender in Palliative Care Services Utilization Among Critically-Ill Necrotizing Pancreatitis Patients: Analysis of a Large Nationwide Database in the United States
Authors: Escobar Gil Tomas , Quazi Mohammed A , Sohail Amir Humza , Butt Muhammad Ali , Goyal Aman , Sultan Sulaiman , Sheikh Farooq Ali , Khan Muhammad Salman , Sheikh Abu Baker 
Published: August 2024

Objective Necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) is a severe form of pancreatitis that often necessitates intensive care and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate racial and gender disparities in palliative care (PC) utilization among mechanically-ventilated patients with NP. Methods In this retrospective analysis using the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2020, we investigated 84 335 patients with NP requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, and the utilization of PC services and their disparities based on gender and race. To adjust for potential confounding factors, we employed multivariable logistic regression, ensuring that our findings account for various influencing variables and provide a robust analysis of the data. Results Among the patients studied, 15.4% utilized PC consultations. Notably, female patients were 12% more likely to utilize PC than their male counterparts (OR 1.1, 95% CI: 1.003-1.2; P = .008). Racial disparities were pronounced: African Americans (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.9, P < .001), Hispanic (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.9, P = .001), and Asian or Pacific Islander patients (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.97; P = .03) had significantly lower odds of utilizing PC compared to White patients. The cohort utilizing PC had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (74.7% vs 24.8%; OR 8.2, 95% CI 7.7-9.2) but a shorter mean hospital stays and lower associated costs. Conclusions Our findings indicate significant racial and gender disparities in the utilization of PC for intubated patients with NP, with lower utilization among males and minority populations. These findings emphasize the urgent requirement for comprehensive changes in healthcare protocols.
Social Vulnerability for Polysubstance Use: Exploring the Substance Use Initiation and Pattern among Children with Cumulative Trauma
Authors: Kashyap Kinnari , Panda Satyananda 
Published: August 2024

Background: Due to a concerning rise in reported cases of childhood abuse in India, this study was initiated with the aim of uncovering the social determinants contributing to childhood trauma. Moreover, the second objective of the study was to discuss substance use initiation and patterns among children with cumulative trauma. Method: As a result, an in-depth interview served as a primary source of viewpoints to examine the essential objective. The study was conducted on children with a history of abuse. Twenty-eight children in the age group of 13–18 years (Mage = 16) residing in child-care institutes in Assam were taken into consideration. Results: Content analysis indicated child care and education, parental divorce or remarriage, domestic violence, family mental illness, household substance misuse, parental health, parental crime, poverty, and sexual and physical violence as social determinants of health for childhood trauma. Children reported using alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, cough syrup, inhalants such as paint, and glue, chewables such as betel nut and Gutka (chewing tobacco), and pharmaceutical tablets. Initiation and pattern of substance use among early initiators were likely to be encouraged by detrimental peer influence, indicating substance abuse as normal behavior and the family’s role in shaping children’s pattern of substance use. Problematic patterns of substance use were identified, for instance, health consequences, neglect of responsibilities, and increased daily frequency. Conclusion: The results of this study may offer practical insights for healthcare professionals, enhancing their comprehension and addressing the social determinants of health indicating trauma and referring them to appropriate treatments. A holistic approach, which encompasses the collaboration of policymakers and healthcare providers, is vital for fostering health equity, thereby potentially preventing child abuse, childhood trauma and subsequent recidivism of substance use.
Comparison of granisetron and palonosetron in triplet anti-emetic prophylaxis in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based highly emetogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Araz Murat , Beypinar Ismail , Inci Fatih , Koral Lokman , Kocak Mehmet Zahid , Korkmaz Mustafa , Demirkiran Aykut , Eryilmaz Melek Karakurt , Artac Mehmet 
Published: August 2024

Introduction We compared the efficacy of first-generation granisetron and second-generation palonosetron in triplet anti-emetic prophylaxis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving cisplatin-based high emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). Methods This prospective, multicenter, non-randomized, observational study was conducted between June 2018 and December 2021. Patients diagnosed with NSCLC who received triplet anti-emetic prophylactic treatment with aprepitant and dexamethasone plus granisetron or palonosetron before the first cycle of chemotherapy were included in the study. At the end of the first week after chemotherapy, the emesis scale was applied to the patients during the outpatient control. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR) and total control (TC). Results One hundred twenty-one patients were included in the study. Sixty-one patients were in the granisetron group and 60 patients were in the palonosetron group. CR was higher with granisetron in the acute phase (70.5% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.16; respectively) and higher with palonosetron in the delayed phase (61.7% vs. 55.7%, p = 0.5; respectively), although not statistically significant. The TC rates were also not significantly different between the groups (54.1% vs.57.6%, p = 0.69). Conclusions There was no significant difference between granisetron and palonosetron in both acute and delayed control of emesis in NSCLC patients receiving cisplatin-based HEC.
Tobacco and Nicotine Products Adverse Health Events: Findings From the FDA Safety Reporting Portal
Authors: Barrientos Steven Alec , Dabroy Danny , Ebrahimi Kalan Mohammad , Laestadius Linnea Irina , Ben Taleb Ziyad 
Published: August 2024

Introduction The FDA oversees regulatory aspects of all U.S. tobacco products. Understanding the impact of emerging health trends and incidents associated with various tobacco and nicotine products is vital for public health. This study utilizes the FDA’s Tobacco Product Problem Reports (TPPRs) to characterize and track adverse health events (AHEs) associated with tobacco and nicotine products over time, considering the impact of EVALI and the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods FDA TPPRs from 2017-2022 provided information on AHEs related to various tobacco products. After data cleaning, 839 reports were categorized by two independent coders based on affected health category, frequency of AHEs reports, and proportion of AHEs per each health category. Additionally, variations in AHEs over time were assessed, considering major health events like EVALI and the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Among the 839 reports, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were the primary product of concern, comprising 90.6% (n = 760) of all reports, surpassing traditional cigarettes (5.1%; n = 43) and other products. Notably, 45.6% of reports (n = 383) identified the neurological system as the most frequently mentioned health category, each reporting at least one AHE. This was followed by the respiratory (39.1%; n = 328) and digestive (10.7%; n = 90) systems. Among all reported AHEs, respiratory system issues were most frequent (25.9%; n = 512), closely followed by neurological (25.2%; n = 499) and digestive (6.6%; n = 131) concerns. Most reports occurred in 2019 (65.7%; n = 551), coinciding with the EVALI outbreak, with a subsequent decline post-Q3 2019, highlighting the potential impact of specific health crises on reporting trends. Conclusion E-cigarettes dominated adverse health reports, particularly affecting the neurological and respiratory systems, with a peak in 2019. Our findings provide insights to regulatory entities and future research, enhancing understanding of AHEs in lesser-explored bodily systems, such as the neurological and digestive systems. This study emphasizes the need for ongoing and improved surveillance of emerging tobacco products to protect public health.
Gender-Specific Long-Term Results After Elective Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Depending on the Site of Distal Anastomosis
Authors: Annunziata Sonny Gennaro , Epple Jasmin , Schmitz-Rixen Thomas , Böckler Dittmar , Grundmann Reinhart T. 
Published: August 2024

Objective Analysis of gender-specific differences in short- and long-term outcome after elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (OAR) regarding the distal anastomosis. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, data from 4853 patients of a German health insurance company undergoing OAR for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) between 2010 and 2016 were analysed. The patients were followed through 2018. Results A total of 4050 (83.5%) men and 803 (16.6%) women underwent OAR. Women were older than men (72.9 ± 8.7 vs 69.8 ± 8.5 years; P < .001). A tube graft was used in 2644 (54.5%) patients, an aorto-biiliac bifurcated graft in 1657 (34.1%) and an aorto-bifemoral bifurcated graft in 552 (11.4%). Perioperative mortality was not significantly different between men (5.7%) and women (6.5%) in the total patient population ( P = .411). This was true for aorto-aortic tube grafting ( P = .361), aorto-biiliac reconstructions ( P = 1.000) and aorto-bifemoral reconstructions ( P = .345). Kaplan-Meier estimated long-term survival of men after 9 years was better than that of women (55.0% vs 43.8%; P = .006). However, separated by the site of the distal anastomosis, this was only true for aorto-aortic reconstructions (survival men vs women 56.0% vs 42.1%; P = .005), not for aorto-biiliac and aorto-bifemoral reconstructions. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, age over 80 years, heart failure, aorto-bifemoral reconstruction, chronic kidney disease stage 3-5, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral artery disease, arterial hypertension, but not gender ( P = .531), had a negative impact on long-term survival. Conclusion If possible, an aorto-aortic tube graft should be preferred to aorto-biiliac and aorto-bifemoral reconstructions in OAR. Patients selected for aorto-bifemoral artery reconstruction exhibit higher perioperative morbidity and mortality as well as worse long-term survival compared to patients selected for an intra-abdominal reconstruction. In the multivariate regression analysis, gender was not an independent risk factor for either short- or long-term outcomes.
Feasibility of Freedom of Information Requests for Amputee Epidemiology in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kirker Stephen G B 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: While each of the 44 National Health Service commissioned artificial limb clinics in the United Kingdom record information about their own prosthetic limb users, these are not collated to give a national picture of amputee epidemiology. The requirement to respond to Freedom of Information (FoI) requests within 20 working days offers another way of extracting data from all centres, and this study describes a first attempt to use this method to update national epidemiological data. Methods: Questions were sent to the FoI email addresses of all 44 centres, requesting numbers of adult unilateral below-knee amputees, adult unilateral above or through-knee amputees and child unilateral above or through-knee amputees (all of K2 level mobility), numbers of people consistently using a prosthesis with a single axis myoelectric hand, and access to an occupational therapist with skills to teach someone to use a myoelectric hand. A FoI request was sent to NHS England seeking release of data that they collect every month from all the prosthetic services which they commission in England. Results: All but one of the UK centres responded, the great majority within 31 days. Incomplete results were generally due to centres finding the questions ambiguous and many did not record mobility levels consistently. While 33 centres had access to skilled occupational therapy, only 4 reported more than 10 patients who constantly used a single axis myoelectric hand. Eighteen centres were unable to provide complete data, and the remainder reported a ranges of 5 to 992 below-knee amputees, 7 to 574 adult above-knee amputees and 0 to 137 child above-knee amputees, suggesting different approaches to managing missing mobility level data. Conclusions: Freedom of Information requests are an inexpensive way of gathering data from NHS prosthetic clinics, which can identify age, sex, level of amputation but not activity levels or use of a prosthesis and hence only gives limited demographic information of the amputee cohort.
Prediction of mutation-induced protein stability changes based on the geometric representations learned by a self-supervised method
Authors: Li Shan Shan , Liu Zhao Ming , Li Jiao , Ma Yi Bo , Dong Ze Yuan , Hou Jun Wei , Shen Fu Jie , Wang Wei Bu , Li Qi Ming , Su Ji Guo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Thermostability is a fundamental property of proteins to maintain their biological functions. Predicting protein stability changes upon mutation is important for our understanding protein structure–function relationship, and is also of great interest in protein engineering and pharmaceutical design.

Results
Here we present mutDDG-SSM, a deep learning-based framework that uses the geometric representations encoded in protein structure to predict the mutation-induced protein stability changes. mutDDG-SSM consists of two parts: a graph attention network-based protein structural feature extractor that is trained with a self-supervised learning scheme using large-scale high-resolution protein structures, and an eXtreme Gradient Boosting model-based stability change predictor with an advantage of alleviating overfitting problem. The performance of mutDDG-SSM was tested on several widely-used independent datasets. Then, myoglobin and p53 were used as case studies to illustrate the effectiveness of the model in predicting protein stability changes upon mutations. Our results show that mutDDG-SSM achieved high performance in estimating the effects of mutations on protein stability. In addition, mutDDG-SSM exhibited good unbiasedness, where the prediction accuracy on the inverse mutations is as well as that on the direct mutations.

Conclusion
Meaningful features can be extracted from our pre-trained model to build downstream tasks and our model may serve as a valuable tool for protein engineering and drug design.
Parental and healthcare provider attitudes towards the Healthy Child Programme in England: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Rahman Tahmid , Freer Joseph , Cordani Isabella , Papasavva Michael , Dunkel Leo , Walton Robert , Storr Helen L. , Prendergast Andrew J. , Orr Joanna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Healthy Child Programme (HCP) in England, delivered by Health Visitors (HV) and Nursery Nurses (NN), aims to assess growth and development in pre-school age children. This qualitative analysis aimed to evaluate the perceptions and experiences of HCP providers and parents located in a London borough.MethodsThis qualitative analysis is part of a larger study piloting an automated growth screening algorithm in a London borough. We conducted three focus group discussions; two with parents of pre-school children participating in the pilot study, one in English (n = 6) and one in Sylheti (n = 5), and one with HVs and NNs (n = 11). Sampling was purposeful, and written informed consent was obtained. Groups were facilitated by the same bilingual researcher using semi-structured topic guides. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and assessed for intercoder reliability.ResultsThree broad themes were identified in the data: (1) lack of clarity around the role of the HV and NN; (2) a lack of resources; and (3) a desire for a preventative service. Underlying these themes was a sense of disempowerment shown by HVs/NNs and parents, as well as systemic issues in terms of the accessibility and practicality of the service. Nevertheless, parents and HVs/NNs all stressed the importance of the service in providing information, reassurance and advice.ConclusionsVarious challenges prevent the HCP from providing equitable and effective care to every child. However, the service was recognised as very valuable by users and providers despite systemic difficulties.
Epigenetic modification of ferroptosis by non-coding RNAs in cancer drug resistance
Authors: Wang Hongquan , Fleishman Joshua S. , Cheng Sihang , Wang Weixue , Wu Fan , Wang Yumin , Wang Yu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe development of drug resistance remains a major challenge in cancer treatment. Ferroptosis, a unique type of regulated cell death, plays a pivotal role in inhibiting tumour growth, presenting new opportunities in treating chemotherapeutic resistance. Accumulating studies indicate that epigenetic modifications by non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) can determine cancer cell vulnerability to ferroptosis. In this review, we first summarize the role of chemotherapeutic resistance in cancer growth/development. Then, we summarize the core molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, its upstream epigenetic regulation, and its downstream effects on chemotherapeutic resistance. Finally, we review recent advances in understanding how ncRNAs regulate ferroptosis and from such modulate chemotherapeutic resistance. This review aims to enhance general understanding of the ncRNA-mediated epigenetic regulatory mechanisms which modulate ferroptosis, highlighting the ncRNA-ferroptosis axis as a key druggable target in overcoming chemotherapeutic resistance.