bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allosteric regulation of rhomboid intramembrane proteolysis
Authors: Arutyunova Elena , Panwar Pankaj , Skiba Pauline M , Gale Nicola , Mak Michelle W , Lemieux M Joanne 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProteolysis within the lipid bilayer is poorly understood, in particular the regulation of substrate cleavage. Rhomboids are a family of ubiquitous intramembrane serine proteases that harbour a buried active site and are known to cleave transmembrane substrates with broad specificity. In vitro gel and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based kinetic assays were developed to analyse cleavage of the transmembrane substrate psTatA (TatA from Providencia stuartii). We demonstrate significant differences in catalytic efficiency (kcat/K0.5) values for transmembrane substrate psTatA (TatA from Providencia stuartii) cleavage for three rhomboids: AarA from P. stuartii, ecGlpG from Escherichia coli and hiGlpG from Haemophilus influenzae demonstrating that rhomboids specifically recognize this substrate. Furthermore, binding of psTatA occurs with positive cooperativity. Competitive binding studies reveal an exosite‐mediated mode of substrate binding, indicating allostery plays a role in substrate catalysis. We reveal that exosite formation is dependent on the oligomeric state of rhomboids, and when dimers are dissociated, allosteric substrate activation is not observed. We present a novel mechanism for specific substrate cleavage involving several dynamic processes including positive cooperativity and homotropic allostery for this interesting class of intramembrane proteases.
Molecular pathogenesis of Spondylocheirodysplastic Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome caused by mutant ZIP13 proteins
Authors: Bin Bum‐Ho , Hojyo Shintaro , Hosaka Toshiaki , Bhin Jinhyuk , Kano Hiroki , Miyai Tomohiro , Ikeda Mariko , Kimura‐Someya Tomomi , Shirouzu Mikako , Cho Eun‐Gyung , Fukue Kazuhisa , Kambe Taiho , Ohashi Wakana , Kim Kyu‐Han , Seo Juyeon , Choi Dong‐Hwa , Nam Yeon‐Ju , Hwang Daehee , Fukunaka Ayako , Fujitani Yoshio , Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Ikegawa Shiro , Lee Tae Ryong , Fukada Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe zinc transporter protein ZIP13 plays critical roles in bone, tooth, and connective tissue development, and its dysfunction is responsible for the spondylocheirodysplastic form of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (SCD‐EDS, OMIM 612350). Here, we report the molecular pathogenic mechanism of SCD‐EDS caused by two different mutant ZIP13 proteins found in human patients: ZIP13G64D, in which Gly at amino acid position 64 is replaced by Asp, and ZIP13ΔFLA, which contains a deletion of Phe‐Leu‐Ala. We demonstrated that both the ZIP13G64D and ZIP13ΔFLA protein levels are decreased by degradation via the valosin‐containing protein (VCP)‐linked ubiquitin proteasome pathway. The inhibition of degradation pathways rescued the protein expression levels, resulting in improved intracellular Zn homeostasis. Our findings uncover the pathogenic mechanisms elicited by mutant ZIP13 proteins. Further elucidation of these degradation processes may lead to novel therapeutic targets for SCD‐EDS.
Effect of the Interaction between Recanalization and Collateral Circulation on Functional Outcome in Acute Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Mangiafico Salvatore , Saia Valentina , Nencini Patrizia , Romani Ilaria , Palumbo Vanessa , Pracucci Giovanni , Consoli Arturo , Rosi Andrea , Renieri Leonardo , Nappini Sergio , Limbucci Nicola , Inzitari Domenico , Gensini Gian Franco 
Published: July 2014

Identification of patients with acute ischaemic stroke who could most benefit from arterial recanalization after endovascular treatment remains an unsettled issue. Although several classifications of collateral circulation have been proposed, the clinical role of collaterals is still debated. We evaluated the effect of the collateral circulation in relation to recanalization as a predictor of clinical outcome. Data were prospectively collected from 103 patients consecutively treated for proximal middle cerebral or internal carotid artery occlusion. The collateral circulation was evaluated with a novel semiquantitative-qualitative score, the Careggi collateral score (CCS), in six grades. Both CCS and recanalization grades (TICI) were analysed in relation to clinical outcome. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of interaction between recanalization and collateral circulation on clinical outcome. Out of the 103 patients, 37 (36.3%) had poor collaterals, and 65 (63.7%) had good collaterals. Patients with good collaterals had lower basal National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), more distal occlusion, smaller lesions at 24h CT scan and better functional outcome. After multivariate analysis, the interaction between recanalization and collateral grades was significantly stronger as a predictor of good outcome (OR 6.87, 95% CI 2.11–22.31) or death (OR 4.66, 95% CI 1.48–14.73) compared to the effect of the single variables. Collaterals showed an effect of interaction with the recanalization grade in determining a favourable clinical outcome. Assessment of the collateral circulation might help predict clinical results after recanalization in patients undergoing endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke.
Analysis of PHA-1 Reveals a Limited Role in Pharyngeal Development and Novel Functions in Other Tissues
Authors: Kuzmanov Aleksandra , Yochem John , Fay David S 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
PHA-1 encodes a cytoplasmic protein that is required for embryonic morphogenesis and attachment of the foregut (pharynx) to the mouth (buccal capsule). Previous reports have in some cases suggested that PHA-1 is essential for the differentiation of most or all pharyngeal cell types. By performing mosaic analysis with a recently acquired pha-1 null mutation (tm3671), we found that PHA-1 is not required within most or all pharyngeal cells for their proper specification, differentiation, or function. Rather, our evidence suggests that PHA-1 acts in the arcade or anterior epithelial cells of the pharynx to promote attachment of the pharynx to the future buccal capsule. In addition, PHA-1 appears to be required in the epidermis for embryonic morphogenesis, in the excretory system for osmoregulation, and in the somatic gonad for normal ovulation and fertility. PHA-1 activity is also required within at least a subset of intestinal cells for viability. To better understand the role of PHA-1 in the epidermis, we analyzed several apical junction markers in pha-1(tm3671) homozygous embryos. PHA-1 regulates the expression of several components of two apical junction complexes including AJM-1–DLG-1/discs large complex and the classical cadherin–catenin complex, which may account for the role of PHA-1 in embryonic morphogenesis.
Long‐Term Stability of Contour Augmentation in the Esthetic Zone: Histologic and Histomorphometric Evaluation of 12 Human Biopsies 14 to 80 Months After Augmentation
Authors: Jensen Simon S. , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Gruber Reinhard , Buser Daniel 
Published: July 2014

Background: Contour augmentation around early‐placed implants (Type 2 placement) using autogenous bone chips combined with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and a collagen barrier membrane has been documented to predictably provide esthetically satisfactory clinical outcomes. In addition, recent data from cone beam computed tomography studies have shown the augmented volume to be stable long‐term. However, no human histologic data are available to document the tissue reactions to this bone augmentation procedure.Methods: Over an 8‐year period, 12 biopsies were harvested 14 to 80 months after implant placement with simultaneous contour augmentation in 10 patients. The biopsies were subjected to histologic and histomorphometric analysis.Results: The biopsies consisted of 32.0% ± 9.6% DBBM particles and 40.6% ± 14.6% mature bone. 70.3% ± 14.5% of the DBBM particle surfaces were covered with bone. On the remaining surface, multinucleated giant cells with varying intensity of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining were regularly present. No signs of inflammation were visible, and no tendency toward a decreasing volume fraction of DBBM over time was observed.Conclusions: The present study confirms previous findings that osseointegrated DBBM particles do not tend to undergo substitution over time. This low substitution rate may be the reason behind the clinically and radiographically documented long‐term stability of contour augmentation using a combination of autogenous bone chips, DBBM particles, and a collagen membrane.
Fluid processes in the Tesbihdere base-metal-Au deposit: Implications for epithermal mineralization in the Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey
Authors: Bozkaya Gulcan , Banks David , Ozbas Fatih , Wallington Jon 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Tesbihdere is one of a number of spatially close epithermal Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-Au deposits hosted by andesites and rhyolites, typical of deposits in the Biga peninsula. Microthermometry of fluid inclusions shows a wide range of temperatures, ∼360–170°C, and salinities, ∼10-0.5 wt.% NaCl, in the different deposits studied. Dilution of a moderately saline magmatic? fluid with meteoric water occurred at constant temperature indicating, the temperature of both fluids was controlled by the geological environment. Boiling was not a major factor, but did occur in very minor amounts. The large range of temperatures within individual samples can only reasonably be explained by variations from near lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure during vein and fracture opening. That this pressure decrease did not produce extensive boiling suggests that vein opening was gradual rather than aggressive, allowing the pressure and temperature decrease to follow a path close to the L-V boiling curve. P-T reconstruction places emplacement of these ore veins at between 300–500 m beneath the surface. Similarities of LA-ICPMS of fluid inclusions from Tesbihdere, Azitepe and Basmakci, supports the conclusion that they were part of the same contemporaneous mineralizing system. The fluids are dominated by Na, with the concentrations of K>Ca>Mg combined equivalent to the concentration of Na. The range of K/Na ratios is not consistent with the fluid inclusion temperatures as the calculated temperatures are significantly higher indicating the fluids were not close to equilibrium with the enclosing rocks. Elevated K concentrations are consistent with acid-sulphate waters in shallow epithermal systems. Ore metals Cu, Zn and Pb are present in significant concentrations ∼500, 300 and 200 ppm respectively and the low Fe/Mn ratios are indicative of a relatively oxidising fluid. The negative δ
34S values of sulphides are consistent with boiling and oxidising redox conditions.
Microsatellite primers for the fungi Rhizopogon kretzerae and R. salebrosus (Rhizopogonaceae) from 454 shotgun pyrosequencing
Authors: Grubisha Lisa C. , Brewer Jessica D. , Dowie Nicholas J. , Miller Steven L. , Trowbridge Steven M. , Klooster Matthew R. 
Published: July 2014

• Premise of the study: Rhizopogon kretzerae and R. salebrosus (Rhizopogonaceae) are ectomycorrhizal fungi symbiotic with pines and the mycoheterotrophic plant Pterospora andromedea (Ericaceae). Microsatellite loci will allow population genetic study of fungal hosts to P. andromedea.• Methods and Results: Shotgun pyrosequencing of R. kretzerae DNA resulted in primer development of 23 perfect microsatellite loci and screened across two populations each for R. kretzerae and R. salebrosus. Twelve loci were polymorphic in R. kretzerae populations, and 11 loci cross‐amplified in R. salebrosus populations. For R. kretzerae and R. salebrosus, number of alleles was one to eight and one to nine, respectively, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.00–0.57 and 0.00–0.70, respectively.• Conclusions: These are the first microsatellite loci developed for any species within Rhizopogon subgenus Amylopogon. These microsatellite loci will be used in conservation genetic studies of rare to endangered eastern populations and to compare plant and fungal population genetic structure at different hierarchical levels.
Easy Leaf Area: Automated digital image analysis for rapid and accurate measurement of leaf area
Authors: Easlon Hsien Ming , Bloom Arnold J. 
Published: July 2014

• Premise of the study: Measurement of leaf areas from digital photographs has traditionally required significant user input unless backgrounds are carefully masked. Easy Leaf Area was developed to batch process hundreds of Arabidopsis rosette images in minutes, removing background artifacts and saving results to a spreadsheet‐ready CSV file.• Methods and Results: Easy Leaf Area uses the color ratios of each pixel to distinguish leaves and calibration areas from their background and compares leaf pixel counts to a red calibration area to eliminate the need for camera distance calculations or manual ruler scale measurement that other software methods typically require. Leaf areas estimated by this software from images taken with a camera phone were more accurate than ImageJ estimates from flatbed scanner images.• Conclusions: Easy Leaf Area provides an easy‐to‐use method for rapid measurement of leaf area and nondestructive estimation of canopy area from digital images.
Characterization of fungus‐specific microsatellite markers in the lichen fungus Usnea subfloridana (Parmeliaceae)
Authors: Tõrra Tiiu , Cornejo Carolina , Cheenacharoen Saran , Dal Grande Francesco , Marmor Liis , Scheidegger Christoph 
Published: July 2014

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were developed for the haploid lichenized fungal species Usnea subfloridana to study its population subdivision and the species’ response to forest disturbance, fragmentation, and environmental pollution.• Methods and Results: We developed 14 polymorphic microsatellite markers using 454 pyrosequencing data of U. subfloridana. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 15, and Nei's unbiased gene diversity averaged over nine markers without null alleles ranged from 0.64 to 0.67. Evaluation of the cross‐species amplification in U. glabrescens and U. wasmuthii indicates that these markers are also informative in other Usnea species.• Conclusions: These markers will allow us to investigate the effects of forest management and environmental pollution on genetic population structure of U. subfloridana and closely related species. Moreover, they will help facilitate phylogeographic studies of U. subfloridana across the species’ distribution area in Europe.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in lichen‐forming fungi of Bryoria section Implexae (Parmeliaceae)
Authors: Nadyeina Olga , Cornejo Carolina , Boluda Carlos G. , Myllys Leena , Rico Víctor J. , Crespo Ana , Scheidegger Christoph 
Published: July 2014

• Premise of the study: The locally rare, haploid, lichen‐forming fungi Bryoria capillaris, B. fuscescens, and B. implexa are associated with boreal forests and belong to Bryoria sect. Implexae. Recent phylogenetic studies consider them to be conspecific. Microsatellite loci were developed to study population structure in Bryoria sect. Implexae and its response to ecosystem disturbances.• Methods and Results: We developed 18 polymorphic microsatellite markers using 454 pyrosequencing data assessed in 82 individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 13 with an average of 4.6. Nei's unbiased gene diversity, averaged over loci, ranged from 0.38 to 0.52. The markers amplified with all three species, except for markers Bi05, Bi15, and Bi18.• Conclusions: The new markers will allow the study of population subdivision, levels of gene introgression, and levels of clonal spread of Bryoria sect. Implexae. They will also facilitate an understanding of the effects of forest disturbance on genetic diversity of these lichen species.
Le dernier mois de l'existence : les lieux de fin de vie et de décès en France
Authors: Pennec Sophie , Gaymu Joëlle , Monnier Alain , Riou Françoise , Aubry Régis , Pontone Silvia , Cases Chantal 
Published: July 2014

Cet article décrit les lieux de vie et trajectoires résidentielles des personnes durant le dernier mois de leur existence, à partir de l’enquête Fin de vie en France réalisée en 2010. L’enquête repose sur un échantillon représentatif des décès survenus en décembre 2009. Les médecins ayant certifié les décès ont été interrogés sur les circonstances de la fin de vie. Si 3 personnes sur 5 meurent à l’hôpital, seules la moitié étaient hospitalisées un mois avant leur décès. Dans ce laps de temps, l’hospitalisation à partir du domicile est le changement le plus fréquemment observé. Les personnes prises en charge en maison de retraite ou à l’hôpital un mois avant leur décès ont une forte probabilité d’y finir leurs jours. Des analyses multivariées montrent que l’âge et le sexe influencent le parcours de fin de vie : ce sont les plus âgés et les femmes qui présentent le plus fort risque de vivre leur dernier mois en maison de retraite. Les symptômes, le type de maladies et la finalité des traitements conditionnent les lieux de la fin de vie des patients. Toutes les situations cliniques ne permettent pas de maintenir les personnes à domicile : le traitement d’épisodes aigus, les détresses respiratoires ou les problèmes digestifs sont plus souvent traités à l’hôpital, les troubles mentaux en maison de retraite et les difficultés de déplacement dans chacun de ces lieux.
Le célibat masculin involontaire en Chine rurale : une approche par le réseau social
Authors: Liu Lige , Jin Xiaoyi , Brown Melissa J. , Feldman Marcus W. 
Published: July 2014

Résumé Si un homme dispose d’un réseau d’intermédiaires, ses chances de se marier en sont-elles accrues ? En exploitant des données d’enquête recueillies en 2008 dans le district X de la province d’Anhui en Chine, les auteurs analysent les déterminants de la probabilité de premier mariage selon le type de réseau d’un échantillon d’hommes âgés de 18 à 50 ans vivant en milieu rural ( N = 412). L’âge au premier mariage des hommes se concentre entre 22 et 27 ans, et la probabilité de se marier chute fortement après 28 ans, pour devenir quasiment nulle au-delà de 34 ans. Le type de lien qui existe entre l’individu et les membres de son réseau a beaucoup plus d’influence sur la probabilité de primo-nuptialité masculine que la taille du réseau. Les hommes sans réseau présentent un risque plus important de rester célibataires. Pour ceux qui en ont un, les types de réseau ont des effets légèrement différents : ce sont les réseaux familiaux qui renforcent le plus la probabilité de mariage, particulièrement aux âges auxquels la plupart des hommes se marient. La probabilité de premier mariage des hommes qui bénéficient d’un réseau mixte, à la fois familial et non familial, est la plus faible : ceci peut traduire la stratégie de recherche de conjoint de certains hommes qui ont plus de difficultés pour se marier.
Management of Neglected Achilles Tendon Ruptures with Flexor Hallucis Longus Transfer
Authors: Raghunandan G 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
From July 2000 to July 2012, we have treated 48 cases with neglected Achilles tendon ruptures in Government General Hospital, Kurnool, India, with modified flexor hallucis longus (FHL) transfer. Thirty-three patients had achillodynia and 29 had local steroid infiltration. Thirty-six patients presented with ruptures in hypovascular zone II and, in 31, repair was after 3 weeks, graded as late (Inglis). The patients were managed based on a standardized evaluation and surgical protocol. The technique of FHL transfer was simplified by anchoring the tendon in a vertical transcalcaneal tunnel. The results were evaluated by Quigley's method, 100 point scoring system of Leppilahti, and recently updated with AOFAS hind foot score. The follow-up ranged from 2.5 to 12.2 years. The follow-up suggested that patients with FHL transfer showed significantly lower mean wound healing times and weight-bearing time and functional recovery times when compared with patients who had peroneal transfer, for neglected ruptures. The results are presented, analyzed and discussed.

How to cite this article
Raghunandan G. Management of Neglected Achilles Tendon Ruptures with Flexor Hallucis Longus Transfer. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2014;1(1):5-8.
Are Results of Surgical Treatment for Calcaneal Fractures better than Nonoperative Treatment?
Authors: Gahlot Nitesh 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
The methods of treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs) have always been surrounded by controversies, whether operative treatment is better or conservative. Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been published comparing the operative vs conservative management options for DIACFs, but the conclusions are varied, with some of them supporting operative treatment while others showing equivocal results. To get some clarity on this subject, we reviewed 9 RCTs and 4 meta-analyses to evaluate the evidence that was present for both operative and nonoperative methods of management. Most studies report equivocal outcomes of operatively and nonoperatively managed DIACFs when looked at; however on stratification of groups, the evidence seemingly points towards better functional results in the operated patients who do not develop a complication, but poorer outcomes in patients with more severe injury patterns (higher Sanders’ Type). Complications were associated with both groups; no differentiation between closed and open fractures is made in most studies, leading to slightly higher rate of complications in the operated group (probably due to open cases inclusion); nevertheless the difference was not found significant. Despite a high level of interest in calcaneal fractures, the current evidence in published literature does not support a specific management protocol for DIACFs, although detailed analysis points to importance of patient selection, surgeon experience and soft tissue status. As of today, there is a need for larger randomized trials, which should also clarify the role of extensile approach vis a vis Minimally Invasive Surgery, to address this question and bring out a conclusive answer.

How to cite this article
Dhillon MS, Gahlot N. Are Results of Surgical Treatment for Calcaneal Fractures better than Nonoperative Treatment? J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2014; 1(1):17-23.
Talectomy in a Neglected Club Foot in Zambia: A Low Cost One Step Option in a Developing Country
Authors: Usuelli Federico G , Lastroni Giorgio , Grassi Miriam , Malerba Francesco 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Talectomy was first described in 1608, but the enthusiasm for this procedure peaked in the 1920s.
Nowadays, it is considered only as a salvage procedure and it is used extremely rarely. Ponseti treatment and multiple stage surgery are both better alternatives than talectomy, but they require a long follow-up pieriod, which could not be affordable for all patients in any developing countries.
Our equipe has been involved in a charity program in Zambia and we are presenting as a case report the clinical results of a talectomy performed to a 12 years old male child, affected by a severe neglected clubfoot.
The surgery was performed through an anterior approach, the patient was casted for 4 weeks.
At 6 months follow-up, he presented a good limb alignment with apparently a good function and a residual 20 degrees of range of motion.
Ponseti treatment and multiple-step surgery should be both preferred to talectomy, which, anyway, sometimes for social reasons, represents a viable alternative to those treatments.

How to cite this article
Usuelli FG, Lastroni G, Grassi M, Malerba F. Talectomy in a Neglected Club Foot in Zambia: A Low Cost One Step Option in a Developing Country. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2014;1(1):32-33.