bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broad-Band X-Ray Analysis of NGC 3227
Authors: Newman Jared , Tsuruta Sachiko , Liebmann Andrew C , Kunieda Hideyo , Haba Yoshito 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Previously in Project A we carried out analysis of the data obtained by observations of the 1.5 Seyfert galaxy NGC 3227—the two observations performed by XMM-Newton in 2000 and 2006 and six observations by Suzaku in 2008. In the current paper, Project B, our work was extended to joint XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations in 2016 as well as a NuSTAR observation in 2017. In Project A a unified model was constructed. The model consists of a hard power law ($\Gamma _{\mathrm{ Hard}}=1.4{\!-\!}1.7$) which is interpreted as the Comptonized emission from the corona above an accretion disk. In the high flux states an additional soft excess component dominates, which is consistent with either a power law ($\Gamma _{\mathrm{ Soft}}=3.3{\!-\!}3.85$) or warm Comptonization. These emissions are absorbed by a partially covering material and warm absorbers. A reflection component and several emission lines are also present. In Project B, the model presented in Project A was applied to more recent observations. It was found that this model remains valid. Our conclusion is that this model is consistent, valid with the long observations from 2000 to 2017 and over the broad frequency band from 0.3 keV to 50 keV.
Current Mental Health Clients’ Religious/Spiritual Beliefs and Practices: A National Survey
Authors: Oxhandler Holly K , Polson Edward C , Pearce Michelle , Vieten Cassandra , Pargament Kenneth I 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article describes the results of a cross-sectional survey of current mental health clients’ religious/spiritual beliefs and practices, as well as how clients perceive such practices as influencing their mental health. A total of 989 self-identified mental health clients across the United States completed an anonymous online survey in 2018. This survey included several items and instruments to measure clients’ religious affiliation, religious/spiritual beliefs and practices, and a new set of items to assess the degree to which clients perceive their religious/spiritual practices impacting their mental health. The results of descriptive, correlation, and chi-square analyses indicate religion/spirituality (RS) play a nuanced and complex role in most clients’ lives, with a majority reporting positive views related to their RS and indicating they consider their religious/spiritual practices to be helpful when it comes to their mental health. Further, there are several noteworthy similarities and differences between mental health clients’ religious/spiritual beliefs and practices as compared with those of the general U.S. population during 2018 as well as a national sample of licensed clinical social workers in 2013. Based on these findings, implications and considerations are discussed for social work practitioners serving mental health clients, and for educators training the next generation of social workers.
Magnolin alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Ince Sinan , Demirel Hasan Huseyin , Demirkapi Ezgi Nur , Kucukkurt Ismail , Eryavuz Abdullah , Arslan-Acaroz Damla , Acaroz Ulas , Tureyen Ali 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of magnolin (MAG) against oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) and its role in the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Rats were administered MAG (1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days and CP (75 mg/kg, i.p.) on the 14th day. CP administration increased tissue damage, as evidenced by elevated levels of transaminases (aspartate and alanine), alkaline phosphatase, and renal parameters (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine). Additionally, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde levels were increased, whereas glutathione levels, along with catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, decreased in CP-treated rats. CP also down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2, HO-1, Nrf2, and NQO-1, while up-regulating Bax, Cas-3, TNF-α, Cox-2, iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β, and NFκB in liver and kidney tissues. In addition, CP treatment caused histopathological changes in heart, lung, liver, kidney, brain, and testis tissues. Treatment with MAG improved biochemical and oxidative stress parameters and prevented histopathological changes in CP-treated rats. Moreover, MAG suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis markers. In conclusion, MAG effectively prevented CP-induced toxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, with its protective efficacy associated with the up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
A transcriptomic biomarker predictive of cell proliferation for use in adverse outcome pathway-informed testing and assessment
Authors: Corton J Christopher , Ledbetter Victoria , Cohen Samuel M , Atlas Ella , Yauk Carole L , Liu Jie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
High-throughput transcriptomics (HTTr) is increasingly being used to identify molecular targets of chemicals that can be linked to adverse outcomes. Cell proliferation (CP) is an important key event in chemical carcinogenesis. Here, we describe the construction and characterization of a gene expression biomarker that is predictive of the CP status in human and rodent tissues. The biomarker was constructed from 30 genes known to be increased in expression in prostate cancers relative to surrounding tissues and in cycling human MCF-7 cells after estrogen receptor (ER) agonist exposure. Using a large compendium of gene expression profiles to test utility, the biomarker could identify increases in CP in (i) 308 out of 367 tumor vs. normal surrounding tissue comparisons from 6 human organs, (ii) MCF-7 cells after activation of ER, (iii) after partial hepatectomy in mice and rats, and (iv) the livers of mice and rats after exposure to nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens. The biomarker identified suppression of CP (i) under conditions of p53 activation by DNA damaging agents in human cells, (ii) in human A549 lung cells exposed to therapeutic anticancer kinase inhibitors (dasatinib, nilotnib), and (iii) in the mouse liver when comparing high levels of CP at birth to the low background levels in the adult. The responses using the biomarker were similar to those observed using conventional markers of CP including PCNA, Ki67, and BrdU labeling. The CP biomarker will be a useful tool for interpretation of HTTr data streams to identify CP status after exposure to chemicals in human cells or in rodent tissues.
Narrative Accounts of Youth and Their Mothers With Chronic Headache
Authors: Lund Tatiana , Neville Alexandra , Jordan Abbie , Carter Bernie , Sumpton Janice , Noel Melanie 
Published: August 2024

Objectives:
This study was the first to apply a socio-narratology framework to the narratives about child pain as told by youth with chronic pain and their parents, all of whom experience chronic headaches.

Background:
Storytelling is a powerful social transaction that occurs within systems (eg, families, clinical encounters) and is both shaped by, and can shape, the pain experience. Narrative can be harnessed as a clinical tool to aid in the ability to listen, understand, and improve clinical encounters.

Methods:
Twenty-six youth (aged 11 to 18 y) and their mothers, both with chronic headaches, recruited from a tertiary level pediatric pain clinic separately completed in-depth interviews about children’s pain journey narratives. Data were analyzed using narrative analysis, which incorporated elements of socio-narratology to compare similarities and differences between and within dyads’ narratives.

Results:
Five narrative types were generated: (1) The trauma origin story—parents, but not youth, positing traumatic events as the causal link to children’s pain; (2) mistreated by the medical system—neglect, harm, and broken promises resulting in learned hopelessness or relying on the family system; (3) the invalidated—invalidation of pain permeated youth’s lives, with mothers as empathic buffers; (4) washed away by the pain—challenges perceived as insurmountable and letting the pain take over; and (5) taking power back from pain—youth’s ability to live life and accomplish goals despite the pain.

Conclusion:
Findings support the clinical utility of narrative in pediatric pain, including both parents' and youths' narrative accounts to improve clinical encounters and cocreate more youth-centred, empowering narratives.
From traditional to targeted: the changing trajectory of therapies in dermatomyositis
Authors: Castillo Rochelle L. , Hashemi Kimberly , Rainone Elizabeth , Shaw Katharina S. , Vleugels Ruth Ann 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
New breakthroughs in our understanding of dermatomyositis (DM) have spawned the recent development of novel agents that specifically target key drivers in DM immunopathogenesis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of new and forthcoming therapies for DM and to highlight their mechanisms of action, best evidence to date, and potential impact on disease management.

Recent findings
Strategies that either counteract dysregulated interferon signaling [via the inhibition of interferon β, the type I interferon receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1), or janus kinase (JAK)–signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) transduction] or induce durable autoreactive B cell depletion through chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy appear to hold the most promise for sustained remission in DM.

Summary
The trajectory of DM treatments is rapidly evolving, fueled by the unparalleled insights provided by multiomic studies and big data analysis pipelines. Targeted therapies that maximize both efficacy and safety have the potential to complement or replace traditional immunosuppressives and revolutionize the approach to the management of DM.
Intraoperative Subperiosteal Elevation of the Ulnar Nerve Is a Safe and Effective Way to Minimize Postoperative Ulnar Neuritis in Distal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Sinkler Margaret A. , Fortier Luc M. , Ayad Mina , Arza Ramon , Napora Joshua , Ochenjele George 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To describe subperiosteal elevation of the ulnar nerve and compare to anterior transposition and in situ decompression techniques.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective comparative study.

Setting:
Urban Level 1 trauma center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Distal humerus fractures (Orthopaedic Trauma Association/AO 13) treated with open reduction internal fixation between 2014 and 2022.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Rate of preoperative and postoperative neuritis grouped by the management of the ulnar nerve. During subperiosteal elevation, the ulnar nerve was identified and raised off the ulna subperiosteally and mobilized submuscularly anterior to the medial epicondyle to protect the nerve. The nerve was released only laterally off the triceps, and the medial soft tissue attachment is maintained. The main outcome measurements was rate of neuritis documented within physical examination.

RESULTS:
Within the 125 patients, 35 underwent subperiosteal elevation (mean age of 56 ± 21 years, 57% female), 63 in situ decompression (mean age of 60 ± 18 years, 46% female), and 27 anterior transposition (mean age of 55 ± 20 years, 59% female). Preoperative ulnar neuritis was present in 34%, 21%, and 33% of patients treated with subperiosteal elevation, in situ decompression, and anterior transposition, respectively (P = 0.26). At postoperative evaluation, symptom resolution occurred in 100%, 69%, and 33% of patients treated with subperiosteal elevation, in situ decompression, and anterior transposition, respectively (P = 0.003). New cases of postoperative ulnar neuritis occurred in 6%, 8%, and 26% of patients treated with subperiosteal elevation, in situ decompression, and anterior transposition, respectively (P = 0.054). Subperiosteal elevation outperformed anterior transposition regarding postoperative ulnar neuritis (P = 0.019) and symptom resolution (P = 0.002) and performed similarly to in situ decompression (P > 0.05). On multiple regression analysis, anterior transposition was an independent risk factor for postoperative neuritis (OR = 5.2, P = 0.023).

CONCLUSIONS:
Subperiosteal elevation is an effective way to minimize postoperative neuritis and similar to an in situ decompression during distal humerus fracture fixation. Based on the results of this cohort, authors recommended that anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve be used with caution due to its association with postoperative ulnar neuritis.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Clinical and Radiographic Results of a Retrograde Nail—Washer Combination Versus Lateral Locked Plating for Distal Femur Fractures
Authors: Shaath M. Kareem , Kerr Matthew S. , Haidukewych George J. 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to report outcomes of the Retrograde Femoral Nail-Advanced with Lateral Attachment Washer (RFNA-LAW) (Synthes, Paoli, PA) compared with laterally locked plates (LLP) when treating AO/OTA type 33 distal femoral fractures.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Single, academic, Level-1 Trauma Center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
All adult patients who had fixation of an AO/OTA type 33 distal femoral fracture with the RFNA-LAW combination or LLP from 2018 to 2023 with follow-up to union or a minimum of 1 year.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
The main outcome measure was union. Secondary outcomes included implant failure, infection, and alignment immediately postoperatively and at final follow-up. Primary and secondary outcome measures were compared between the RFNA-LAW and LLP groups.

RESULTS:
Forty-eight patients (19 female) with a mean age of 56 years (range 19–94 years) were in the RFNA-LAW group. Fifty-three patients (29 female) with a mean age of 66 years (24–91 years) were in the LLP group. There were no significant differences when comparing body mass index, diabetes, smoking status, mechanism of injury, or fracture classification between groups (P > 0.05). There was no difference in immediate, postoperative alignment (P = 0.49). When comparing anatomic lateral distal femoral angle measurements at final follow-up, there was significantly more malalignment in the LLP group (P = 0.005). There were 8 implant failures (15%) in the LLP group compared with 1 in the RFNA-LAW group (2%) (P = 0.02). There were 14 reoperations (26%) in the LLP group compared with 4 (8%) in the RFNA-LAW group (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:
The Retrograde Nail Advanced—Lateral Attachment Washer combination demonstrated a high union rate when treating complex fractures of the distal femur. When compared with lateral locked plating, this implant combination demonstrated significantly lower rates of nonunion and reoperation.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The impact of green space on nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality in the Adventist Health Study-2 population
Authors: Hreha Holly , Spencer-Hwang Rhonda , Knutsen Synnove , Shavlik David 
Published: August 2024

Background:
There is growing interest in evaluating the long-term health effects of neighborhood environments, particularly green space. However, only a limited body of research further incorporates multiple ambient air pollutants.

Methods:
This study looked at the relationship between green space, as measured by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and mortality adjusted by key confounders in the Adventist Health Study-2, a longitudinal cohort study from 2002 to 2015, across the contiguous United States (N = 67,400). We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to assess the risk of nonaccidental, cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and respiratory disease mortality from green space around subjects’ home address under multiple covariate and pollutant adjustments.

Results:
We found a 0.1 unit increase in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was associated with nonaccidental (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 0.99]), CVD (HR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.90, 0.98]), and IHD (HR: 0.87 [95% CI: 0.81, 0.94]) mortality, with the greatest precision in fully adjusted three-pollutant models using the 1000-m buffer. Effect estimates were strengthened in urban areas, when incorporating seasons, and for females. However, all associations between green space and respiratory mortality were null.

Conclusion:
This study supports evidence that increased neighborhood green space is inversely associated with nonaccidental, CVD, and IHD mortality, where the inclusion of multiple environmental covariates had a greater impact on effect estimate magnitude and precision than adjustment by individual lifestyle and health factors.
A Novel Automated Aspiration of Subretinal Fluid Method During Scleral Buckling For Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Zhu Kai , Gu Yonghao , Li Xiaojun , Zhou Enliang , He Qin , Gu Qihong 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The goal of the study is to introduce a modified technique for the removal of subretinal fluid during scnt
leral buckling (SB) to treat rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods:
This case series study was comprised of 18 cases of RRD patients suffering from a novel automated aspiration of subretinal fluid method during SB. The cases took place from July 2023 to November 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC. Preoperative and intraoperative situations were evaluated, and spectral-domain optical coherence (SDOCT) and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy were used to observe the absorption of SRF in the early postoperative period.

Results:
The SRF method’s automated aspiration primarily eliminated the SRF of all 18 RRD cases during SB surgery, leading to retinal reattachment, as showed by SLO. The method did not cause extensive intraoperative hemorrhage and had no risk of retinal incarceration or other complications. The SDOCT showed that the height of SRF in the macular area decreased in 10 cases (66.67%), leaving just a thin layer; was completely cleared in two cases (13.33%); had just a macular single bleb in one case (6.67%); and had several blebs left in two cases (13.33%).

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that the automated aspiration of the SRF method is effective, controllable, and beneficial for retinal reattachment, especially in the early postoperative period. Complications with this method were rare.
Arsenicicoccus bolidensis, an Unusual Cause for Early-Onset Sepsis in a Term Neonate
Authors: Bengtsson Bengt-Ola S. , van Houten John P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Arsenicicoccus is a gram-positive, non–spore-forming facultatively anaerobic coccus growing in clusters, named after its ability to reduce arsenic from As (V) to As (III). The geographical distribution of Arsenicicoccus isolates is globally diverse and includes soil, avian, and marine sources. No adult cases and only 1 pediatric case of Arsenicicoccus bacteremia have so far been reported. We describe a term neonate with early-onset sepsis and positive blood culture for gram-positive cocci in clusters and the final identification of Arsenicicoccus bolidensis. This is the first described case of Arsenicicoccus causing early-onset sepsis in a neonate. The case illustrates the importance of performing genetic sequencing studies to detect taxonomic misclassification of microorganisms of slow growth and of equivocal identity in the setting of clinical illness when antibiotic susceptibility testing is needed.
Purulent Pericarditis Caused by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in a Patient With Autoinflammatory Polyserositis
Authors: Schwartz Laura , Masters Madison , Groginski Taylor , Ozolin Jordan , Pataroque Kaitlin , Panaccione Sophia , Johnson Jennie , Cunha Cheston , Stockwell Philip 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Haemophilus influenzae is a rare cause of purulent pericarditis. We present the case of a 26-year-old woman with known autoinflammatory disease who presented to a community hospital with chest pain and was found to have pericarditis, initially thought to be inflammatory. She subsequently developed a worsening effusion with tamponade physiology and was transferred to a tertiary care hospital, where she was treated with emergent pericardiocentesis. Purulent pericardial effusion and empyema were found. Cultures grew nontypeable H. influenzae. After treatment with antibiotics and creation of a pericardial window, she recovered fully. Although purulent pericarditis is uncommon, it should be considered in patients with pericarditis not responding to anti-inflammatory treatment, particularly in those who are immunocompromised.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection and COVID-19 Inpatient Mortality
Authors: Goble Spencer R. , Debes Jose D. 
Published: August 2024

Background
The impact of chronic HCV infection on outcomes in patients with COVID-19 remains unclear as studies have showed mixed results. We aimed to determine if HCV infection impacted outcomes in COVID-19 hospitalizations.

Methods
We retrospectively assessed hospitalizations for COVID-19 in the year 2020 using the National Inpatient Sample database. ICD-10 codes were used to establish a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 and to determine patients with a history of HCV infection. Outcomes were compared between those with and without a history of HCV using logistical regression analysis, controlled for age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index.

Results
A total of 1,050,720 hospitalizations for COVID-19 were identified, 8040 (0.8%) of which occurred in individuals with a diagnosis of HCV infection. Mortality (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.90–1.22; P = 0.549) and intubation (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.98–1.33, P = 0.092) rates were not significantly increased in patients with a diagnosis of HCV after adjusting for confounders. Mortality was increased in the HCV cohort when it was restricted to those with cirrhosis (adjusted OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.05–1.91; P = 0.023) and decompensated cirrhosis (adjusted OR = 2.38; 95% CI, 1.51–3.76, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Whereas cirrhosis was associated with mortality in those hospitalized with COVID-19, HCV in the absence of cirrhosis was not a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality.
Integrating Community-Based Doulas into the Maternity Health Care System in an Urban Hospital
Authors: Schubert Mary , Logsdon M. Cynthia , Sears Clara , Miller Edward , Alobaydullah Ahmed Abdulmohsen , Lain Kristine L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States are higher than peer countries. These adverse events disproportionally affect Black women.

Local problem:
Rates of maternal morbidity and mortality among Black childbearing women in West Louisville, Kentucky are higher than rates in Kentucky and the United States.

Methods:
We conducted a quality improvement project to evaluate the effectiveness of adding doulas to the health care teams at the Norton downtown hospital to address health disparities and other challenges identified by Black childbearing women related to communication and health care system barriers.

Intervention:
Three culturally congruent doulas were hired and integrated into the health care teams in one large health care organization.

Results:
Participants in the doula program had lower no-show rates for postpartum visits compared with non-participants. No-show rates for prenatal visits were the same for both groups. Rates of diagnosed preeclampsia, hypertension, and chronic hypertension were similar among doula program participants and those who did not participate. Narrative data indicated that program participants and health professionals were generally pleased with the doula program and there was positive feedback from the community.

Conclusions:
Integrating culturally congruent doulas into the health care system maximized their impact to address health and other challenges experienced by Black childbearing women.