bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conciliatory and persuasive social campaign changes owner behavior to reduce cats' hunting
Authors: MacDonald Edith , Farnworth Mark , van Heezik Yolanda , Stafford Kevin , Linklater Wayne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSolutions to the cats‐hunting‐wildlife environmental conflict could benefit from social science approaches. Our Theory of Planned Behavior questionnaire—informed by an elicitation survey of cat owners at veterinary clinics about their attitudes, norms, and beliefs regarding bringing their cats inside at night—surveyed 158 cat owners across 20 veterinarian clinics in four cities. It revealed that wildlife conservation was not influential on cat owner intention but veterinarians, cat safety, peers, and household members were. Thus, we designed a social marketing campaign with two treatments: (1) a veterinarian/cat safety message or (2) social/family norm message. Thirty‐four veterinary clinics received one of the two campaign posters or served as the control group. Customers (n = 510) received a “cat welfare” survey and then a pamphlet with the advocated message, and a follow‐up survey by email or telephone 3–6 weeks later (69% response rate). Campaign messaging significantly increased the number of cat owners who reported bringing their cats inside at night compared to the control group. The social/family norm message was most effective. Although rudimentary, the campaign generated measurable changes in cat owner intention and behavior. Conservation campaigns informed by co‐benefits for cat owners may reduce cats' hunting and be conciliatory ways of transcending environmental conflict.
Identifying factors associated with locomotive syndrome using machine learning methods: The third survey of the research on osteoarthritis/osteoporosis against disability study
Authors: Nakahara Eri , Iidaka Toshiko , Chiba Akihiro , Kurasawa Hisashi , Fujino Akinori , Shiomi Nagisa , Maruyama Hirohito , Horii Chiaki , Muraki Shigeyuki , Oka Hiroyuki , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Nakamura Kozo , Akune Toru , Tanaka Sakae , Yoshimura Noriko 
Published: June 2024

AimTo identify factors associated with locomotive syndrome (LS) using medical questionnaire data and machine learning.MethodsA total of 1575 participants underwent the LS risk tests from the third survey of the research on osteoarthritis/osteoporosis against disability study (ROAD) study. LS was defined as stage 1 or higher based on clinical decision limits of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. A total of 1335 items of medical questionnaire data came from this study. The number of medical questionnaire items was reduced from 1335 to 331 in data cleaning. From the 331 items, identify factors associated with LS use by light gradient boosting machine‐based recursive feature elimination with cross‐validation. The performance of each set was evaluated using an average of seven performance metrics, including 95% confidence intervals, using a bootstrapping method. The smallest set of items is determined with the highest average of receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC‐AUC) under 20 items as association factors of LS. Additionally, the performance of the selected items was compared with the LS risk tests and Loco‐check.ResultsThe nine items have the best average ROC‐AUC under 20 items. The nine items show an average ROC‐AUC of 0.858 (95% confidence interval 0.816–0.898). Age and back pain during walking were strongly associated with the prevalence of LS. The ROC‐AUC of nine items is higher than that of existing questionnaire‐based LS assessments, including the 25‐question Geriatric Locomotor Scale and Loco‐check.ConclusionsThe identified nine items could aid early LS detection, enhancing understanding and prevention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 806–813.
Examining identity disclosure: Racial and ethnic identity amongst Multiracial/ethnic adults in the United States
Authors: Shaff Jaimie , Cubbage Janel , Bandara Sachini , Wilcox Holly C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesProviding personal demographic information is routine practice in the United States, and yet, little is known about the impacts of this process. This study aims to examine the experiences and perspectives of Multiracial/ethnic adults in the United States when disclosing racial/ethnic identity.MethodsSeventeen semistructured interviews were conducted with adults identifying as Multiracial/ethnic. The Multiracial/ethnic identities of participants included Black or African American and White; Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Hispanic or Latino; Black or African American and Hispanic or Latino; Black or African American and AI/AN; AI/AN and White and Asian, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and White. Multiple participants reported identifying with multiple ethnic groups for any single broad category. Three identified as sexual minorities. Nine were Millennials; six were Gen X; one was Gen Z; one was Baby Boomer. Qualitative data were analyzed using staged hybrid inductive–deductive thematic analysis.ResultsDisclosure of racial and ethnic identities presents a unique stressor for Multiracial/ethnic populations due to methods used to obtain data, perceived mismatch of identity and phenotype and exposure to prejudice. Social norms, constructs and movements impact the categories that a Multiracial/ethnic person indicates to external parties.ConclusionsThe stress and negative feelings that Multiracial/ethnic adults face when identifying their race/ethnicity underscore the broader implications of standard demographic questions on feelings of inclusivity and visibility within a population.Patient or Public ContributionGathering data on individuals' racial and ethnic backgrounds is a standard practice, and yet, it can pose challenges for those who identify with multiple groups or do not see their identities reflected in the options provided. Such individuals may feel excluded or experience unfair treatment when disclosing their identity, leading to significant stress. As the frequency of this data collection increases, it is essential that the questions are posed empathetically and equitably, with a strong commitment to enhancing inclusivity throughout the process.
Odonata responses to dispersal and niche processes differ across Amazonian endemism regions
Authors: Brito Joás Silva , Cottenie Karl , Cruz Gabriel Martins , Calvão Lenize Batista , Oliveira‐Junior José Max Barbosa , Carvalho Fernando Geraldo , Brasil Leandro Schlemmer , Dias‐Silva Karina , Bastos Rafael Costa , Resende Bethânia Oliveira , Ferreira Victor Rennan Santos , Vieira Lisandro Juno Soares , Michelan Thaisa Sala , Juen Leandro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Niche and dispersal‐based processes govern freshwater communities, such as aquatic insects, shaping their distribution and establishment in the environment. So, we aimed to address the relative influence of niche and dispersal‐based processes on Odonata diversity in Amazonian freshwater systems, and the influence of species dispersal functional traits on their longitudinal and latitudinal ranges.
We used the Dispersal‐Niche Continuum Index (DNCI) to test (i) regions more distant would present a prevalence of dispersal‐based processes, and (ii) different patterns would come from the two Odonata suborders; and by applying generalised linear models, we tested (iii) dispersal‐related functional traits from the suborders would influence latitudinal and longitudinal midpoints of the species.
We found that more distant regions had lower values of pairwise Dispersal–Niche Continuum, mainly for Zygoptera, corroborating our first hypothesis. Moreover, Zygoptera also presented the lowest absolute values of Dispersal–Niche Continuum and Anisoptera presented a joint influence of niche and dispersal‐based processes, agreeing with our second hypothesis. Only Zygoptera presented a significant association between dispersal functional traits and longitudinal midpoints, corroborating our third hypothesis.
Our results indicated a prevalence of dispersal‐related processes for Zygoptera, which can be explained by massive geographical barriers, such as the rivers, and their narrow physiological and ecological tolerance. Moreover, dispersal‐related traits demonstrated significant influence on longitudinal midpoints of Zygoptera, a scenario that the presence of the rivers may explain. A better understanding of the prevalent predictors of the species and how their dispersal ability governs their distribution has conservational implications.
Thermal shock resistance of silica gel‐modified magnesium carboxylate‐bonded high alumina castables
Authors: Sun Luyan , Xiao Guoqing , Ding Donghai , Jin Endong , Lei Changkun , Chong Xiaochuan , Feng Yuan , Chen Jianjun , Zou Chao , Zheng Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSilica gel‐modified hydratable magnesium carboxylate (HMC) is used as the binder for refractory castables. The mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance of HMC bonded and silica gel‐modified HMC‐bonded castables were compared. When the HMC/silica gel mass ratio is 2, the cold modulus of rupture, the hot modulus of rupture, the residual strength ratio after three‐times water quenching tests, and the matrix‐specific fracture energy of the castables were increased by 300%, 124%, 44.7%, and 132%, respectively, compared with HMC‐bonded castables. The characterization of microstructure evolution of silica gel‐modified HMC‐bonded castables indicated that a small amount of liquid phase generated is conducive to improving the high‐temperature mechanical properties. The in situ alumina‐rich spinel and needle‐like mullite toughened the matrix and enhanced the thermal shock resistance of the castables by “microcrack generation” and “preventing crack propagation” mechanisms.
Synthesis of sub‐micron sized SiC particles with high defect density by using polytetrafluoroethylene as an additive
Authors: Xing Yun , Ren Bo , Li Bin , Chen Junhong , Yin Shu , Lin Huan , Liu Yuanhui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA new preparation process for silicon carbide (SiC) powder is developed. In the Si–(C) –PTFE–Ar system, the grain size and morphology of the product 3C–SiC were controlled by adding a carbon source (graphite) and changing the percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (0%, 10%, and 20%). The experimental results showed that the SiC powders prepared using a molar ratio of 1:1 silicon powder to graphite, plus 20% PTFE have a uniform particle size distribution (∼130 nm), a lamellar structure made of spherical particle stacking, a small bandgap (1.80 eV), a high carrier concentration, and a large number of lattice defects. These properties are expected to increase the electrical conductivity of 3C–SiC and decrease its thermal conductivity, thus providing a promising feedstock preparation option for SiC thermoelectric materials. In addition, the mechanism of PTFE in the preparation of SiC reactions was studied in detail.
Fifty‐two years of consumer research based on social exchange theory: A review and research agenda using topic modeling
Authors: Mishra Manit , Mund Pallabi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSocial exchange theory (SET) is a leading sociopsychological theory that has enriched understanding of consumers' behavior. In this study, we examine application of SET in consumer research over last 52 years (1971–2022) in terms of predominant topics, publications, outlets, networks, and clusters. We adopt a holistic approach by amalgamating systematic literature review (SLR) using Scientific Procedures and Rationales for SLRs protocol; scientometric analysis utilizing bibliographic coupling and betweenness centrality; and topic modeling employing latent Dirichlet allocation. Based on text analysis of 215 full research papers, the study extracts five predominant areas of extant consumer research leveraging SET: (1) relationship marketing, (2) collaborative consumption, (3) gifting behavior, (4) brand experience, and (5) tourism and hospitality. Scientometric mapping reveals six cohesive clusters and identifies seminal studies in SET‐based consumer research. Building upon the insights, the article concludes by presenting agenda for future research.
Tinnitus update: what can be done for the ringing?
Authors: Tsang Benjamin K.T. , Collins Grant G. , Anderson Shane , Westcott Myriam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhysicians will frequently encounter patients who report tinnitus. Tinnitus is a symptom whereby there is the perception of sound or sounds in the ear or head in the absence of an external source of sound. Most individuals experiencing tinnitus will have a neutral reaction to the percept, but in a small proportion of patients, tinnitus can be a debilitating symptom. When it causes burden, patients can be affected in multiple different facets of life, including impairment in sleep, hearing cognition and psychological and psychiatric well‐being, often resulting in high healthcare utilisation and societal costs. Hence, chronic, disabling tinnitus is a complex condition with multifactorial causes and multiple perpetuating biopsychosocial factors. Despite efforts to increase knowledge about its pathophysiology and research into treatments, little impact on real‐world clinical practice has been seen. There are no proven effective pharmacological treatments or complementary medicines specifically for chronic, disabling tinnitus. Despite this, there is a role for treating this condition through a multidisciplinary approach specifically targeting comorbid active psychiatric conditions, using hearing aids in appropriate clinical settings such as in those with a coassociated confirmed hearing loss, and specialised cognitive behavioural therapy for patients reporting bothersome tinnitus. Cognitive behavioural therapy remains the most valuable evidence‐based intervention in this regard. This narrative review attempts to summarise the current understanding in terms of pathophysiology, assessment and treatment of tinnitus for the internal physician who may encounter patients with disabling, chronic tinnitus.
Safeguarding adults: A concept analysis
Authors: Duffy Anita , Browne Freda , Connolly Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsThis article aimed to examine the concept of safeguarding adults and establish an operational definition for application to practice, research and policy.DesignRodgers' evolutionary and inductive method of concept analysis was used.Data SourcesA systematic search was conducted across four electronic databases, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and PubMed, covering the period from January 2014 to May 2023. This systematic database search aimed to gather a broad spectrum of research and scholarly literature to inform and support the concept analysis. A total of 10 peer‐reviewed articles were reviewed using a data chart to identify the context, definitions, antecedents, attributes and consequences of safeguarding adults.ResultsThe analysis of the included articles helped to develop a better understanding of safeguarding adults by offering a practical operational definition tailored to the specific needs of practising nurses. The implications for practice, research and policy are discussed, highlighting the potential for improving the quality of care and ensuring the well‐being of adults at risk of abuse.ConclusionBy employing Rogers' evolutionary concept analysis method, we developed a deeper insight into safeguarding adults in health care. A synthesis of literature revealed the intricate layers and adaptations within safeguarding practices. This concept analysis lays the groundwork for future research, policy development and educational initiatives, enhancing the well‐being and safety of adults at risk of abuse within care.ImpactBy undertaking a concept analysis of the term safeguarding adults' nurses can be more prepared to engage in and reinforce the key principles of safeguarding adults, providing guidance to ensure the protection and well‐being of adults at risk of abuse.Patient or Public ContributionNot applicable.What this Paper Contributes to the Wider Body of KnowledgeThis concept analysis helps to define and clarify the conceptual term ‘safeguarding adults’ promoting a shared understanding of the key components of adult protection and providing a comprehensive framework for assessment and management of adults at risk of abuse in this field of practice.
Pathological remodeling of reactive astrocytes: Involvement of DNA methylation and downregulation of homeostatic genes
Authors: Cuautle Dante Gómez , Donna Soledad , Cieri María Belén , Villarreal Alejandro , Ramos Alberto Javier 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAstrocytes provide metabolic support to neurons, maintain ionic and water homeostasis, and uptake and recycle neurotransmitters. After exposure to the prototypical PAMP lipopolysaccharide (LPS), reactive astrocytes increase the expression of pro‐inflammatory genes, facilitating neurodegeneration. In this study, we analyzed the expression of homeostatic genes in astrocytes exposed to LPS and identified the epigenetic factors contributing to the suppression of homeostatic genes in reactive astrocytes. Primary astrocytic cultures were acutely exposed to LPS and allowed to recover for 24, 72 h, and 7 days. As expected, LPS exposure induced reactive astrogliosis and increased the expression of pro‐inflammatory IL‐1B and IL‐6. Interestingly, the acute exposure resulted in persistent hypermethylation of astroglial DNA. Similar hypermethylation was observed in highly reactive astrocytes from the traumatic brain injury (TBI) penumbra in vivo. Hypermethylation was accompanied by decreased expression of homeostatic genes including LDHA and Scl16a1 (MCT1) both involved in the lactate shuttle to neurons; glutamine synthase (GS) responsible for glutamate processing; Kcnj10 (Kir4.1) important for K+ homeostasis, and the water channel aquaporin‐4 (Aqp4). Furthermore, the master regulator of DNA methylation, MAFG‐1, as well as DNA methyl transferases DNMT1 and DNMT3a were overexpressed. The downregulation of homeostatic genes correlated with increased methylation of CpG islands in their promoters, as assessed by methylation‐sensitive PCR and increased DNMT3a binding to the GS promoter. Treatment with decitabine, a DNMT inhibitor, prevented the LPS‐ and the HMGB‐1‐induced downregulation of homeostatic genes. Decitabine treatment also prevented the neurotoxic effects of these astrocytes in primary cortical cultures. In summary, our findings reveal that the pathological remodeling of reactive astrocytes encompasses not only the pro‐inflammatory response but, significantly, also entails a long‐term suppression of homeostatic gene expression with methylation of crucial CpG islands within their promoters.image
Anti‐wrinkle efficacy of standardized phenolic acids polymer extract (PAPE) from propolis: Implications for antiaging and skin health
Authors: Radić Božo , Radić Saša , Mašek Tomislav , Šuran Jelena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing quest for effective and safe antiaging skincare solutions has led to a surge in the exploration of natural compounds such as phenolic acids. Despite the proven efficacy of traditional antiaging ingredients like retinol, their associated side effects have necessitated the search for alternatives.AimsThis study aimed to assess the anti‐wrinkle efficacy of a standardized phenolic acids polymer extract (PAPE) from propolis, employing both in vitro and clinical methodologies to explore its suitability as a novel antiaging skincare ingredient for sensitive and nonsensitive skin types.Patients/MethodsThe study comprised of evaluating PAPE effects on key skin health biomarkers in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. A double‐blind, randomized clinical trial involving female participants aged 30–70 years assessed the wrinkle‐reducing effectiveness of face creams formulated with two concentrations of PAPE (1.5% and 3%) over a 28‐day period.ResultsIn vitro studies indicated that PAPE could modulate inflammation and tissue remodeling biomarkers. The clinical trial demonstrated that applying PAPE‐enriched cream resulted in significant wrinkle reduction, with 25% and 34% improvements for the 1.5% and 3% PAPE formulations, respectively. Subjective feedback from participants further validated the antiaging efficacy and overall satisfaction with the product.ConclusionIncorporating PAPE offers a compelling antiaging solution, significantly reducing wrinkle depth with a favorable safety profile. The study substantiates PAPE's potential as an effective and safe alternative to conventional antiaging ingredients, aligning with the cosmetic industry's shift toward natural, evidence‐based formulations.
Demography and Management of Invasive Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) From Manasbal Lake Kashmir, India
Authors: Andrabi Saima , Bakhtiyar Yahya , Arafat Mohammad Yasir , Bhat Abrar Ahmad , Parveen Muni 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe present work was carried out to study the demographic aspects of Cyprinus carpio, an invasive species and an ecological pest capable of universal existence. Data on length–frequency was obtained from the two varieties of C. carpio from the deepest freshwater lake of India, Manasbal Lake, over a time period of 1 year (March 2019–February 2020) and analysed using the FiSAT‐II software. The mean total length was reported to be 18.58 cm for C. carpio var. communis and 19.18 cm for C. carpio var. specularis, with the dominant length groups being 20–21 and 19–20 cm, respectively. The length–weight relationship parameters yielded the equation logTW = (2.56) logTL − 1.30, r = 0.94, for C. carpio var. communis, with a condition factor (K) value of 1.42 ± 0.25, and logTW = (2.53) logTL − 1.26, r = 0.93 for C. carpio var. specularis, with a condition factor (K) value of 1.38 ± 0.20. Different parameters obtained from the von Bertalanffy growth equation included L∞ = 38.85 cm; K = 0.170/year; ø′ = 2.409 and t0 = −0.93 for C. carpio var. communis, and L∞ = 30.45 cm; K = 0.210/year; ø′ = 2.289 and t0 = −0.80 for C. carpio var. specularis. The mortality parameters, including total, natural and fishing mortality, were also estimated for C. carpio var. communis to be Z = 0.08, M = 0.40 and F = −0.32, and for C. carpio var. specularis, to be Z = 0.22, M = 0.49 and F = −0.27, respectively. The exploitation rate (E) estimated for both varieties revealed its very less exploitation, suggesting more efficient methods to explore Manasbal Lake to its full capacity and to determine proper measures needed to be taken to conserve the native fauna.
Escalation by duplication: Milkweed bug trumps Monarch butterfly
Authors: Beran Franziska , Heckel David G. 
Published: June 2024

The iconic Monarch butterfly is probably the best‐known example of chemical defence against predation, as pictures of vomiting naive blue jays in countless textbooks vividly illustrate. Larvae of the butterfly take up toxic cardiac glycosides from their milkweed hostplants and carry them over to the adult stage. These compounds (cardiotonic steroids, including cardenolides and bufadienolides) inhibit the animal transmembrane sodium‐potassium ATPase (Na,K‐ATPase), but the Monarch enzyme resists this inhibition thanks to amino acid substitutions in its catalytic alpha‐subunit. Some birds also have substitutions and can feast on cardiac glycoside‐sequestering insects with impunity. A flurry of recent work has shown how the alpha‐subunit gene has been duplicated multiple times in separate insect lineages specializing in cardiac glycoside‐producing plants. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Herbertz et al. toss the beta‐subunit into the mix, by expressing all nine combinations of three alpha‐ and three beta‐subunits of the milkweed bug Na,K‐ATPase and testing their response to a cardenolide from the hostplant. The findings suggest that the diversification and subfunctionalization of genes allow milkweed bugs to balance trade‐offs between resistance towards sequestered host plant toxins that protect the bugs from predators, and physiological costs in terms of Na,K‐ATPase activity.