bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Vapor Pressure on Popcorn Cracking in IC Packages
Authors: Wong W. H. , Guo T. F. , Cheng L. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The strength and fracture toughness of polymer/silicon interfaces are sensitive to the porosity and moisture content of the interface as well as the yield strain of the polymer. Moisture degrades the strength of polymer/silicon interfaces. Rapidly expanding water vapor introduces high internal pressure within cavities thereby accelerating interface delamination by void growth and coalescence. The latter can cause a ten-fold decrease in the toughness of the interface. Vapor pressure acting on the delaminated surfaces contributes a mode I component to the crack driving force. This component increases as delamination progresses, changing the nature of the driving force from mode II to mode I dominant. The synergistic nature of intrinsic and extrinsic effects transforms an initially stable delamination under a rising R-curve to fast-running delamination exhibiting brittle-like cracking characteristics. The yield strains of polymers span a wide range. High yield strain lowers the macroscopic yield strength of porous polymers as well as decreases the toughness of polymer-silicon interfaces considerably. Vapor pressure and large yield strain effects on interface delamination are most pronounced at high mode mixities, thereby negating the beneficial effect of the latter on interface toughness. The approach adopted in this computational study is micromechanics-based wherein the cell model employs a Gurson constitutive relation augmented by vapor pressure as an internal variable.
Evaluation of existing and new methods of tracking glacier terminus change
Authors: Lea James M. , Mair Douglas W.F. , Rea Brice R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSeveral different methodologies have previously been employed in the tracking of glacier terminus change, though a systematic comparison of these has not been undertaken. The frequent application of single methods to multiple glaciers over large geographical areas such as Greenland, raises the question of whether individual methodologies are robust. In this study we evaluate three existing methodologies that have been widely used to track terminus change (the centre-line, bow and box methods) against a full range of idealized glaciological scenarios and six examples of real glaciers. We also evaluate two new methodologies that aim to reduce measurement error compared with the existing methodologies. The first is a modification to the box method that can account for termini retreating through fjords that change orientation (termed the curvilinear box method), while the second determines the average terminus position relative to the glacier centre line using an inverse distance weighting extrapolation (termed the extrapolated centre-line method). No single method tested achieved complete accuracy for all scenarios, though the extrapolated centre-line method was able to successfully account for variable fjord orientation, width and terminus geometry with the least error.
Terminus-driven retreat of a major southwest Greenland tidewater glacier during the early 19th century: insights from glacier reconstructions and numerical modelling
Authors: Lea James M. , Mair Douglas W.F. , Nick Faezeh M. , Rea Brice R. , Weidick Anker , Kjær Kurt H. , Morlighem Mathieu , Van As Dirk , Schofield J. Edward 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTidewater glaciers in Greenland experienced widespread retreat during the last century. Information on their behaviour prior to this is often poorly constrained due to lack of observations, while determining the drivers prior to instrumental records is also problematic. Here we present a record of the dynamics of Kangiata Nunaata Sermia (KNS), southwest Greenland, from its Little Ice Age maximum (LIAmax) to 1859 – the period before continuous air temperature observations began at Nuuk in 1866. Using glacial geomorphology, historical accounts, photographs and GIS analyses, we provide evidence KNS was at its LIAmax by 1761, had retreated by ~5 km by 1808 and a further 7 km by 1859. This predates retreat at Jakobshavn Isbræ by 43–113 years, demonstrating the asynchroneity of tidewater glacier terminus response following the LIA. We use a one-dimensional flowband model to determine the relative sensitivity of KNS to atmospheric and oceanic climate forcing. Results demonstrate that terminus forcing rather than surface mass balance drove the retreat. Modelled glacier sensitivity to submarine melt rates is also insufficient to explain the retreat observed. However, moderate increases in crevasse water depth, driving an increase in calving, are capable of causing terminus retreat of the observed magnitude and timing.
À propos d’un théâtre de création qui invite la musique
Authors: Marleau Denis 
Published: March 2014

La pratique théâtrale de Denis Marleau, étroitement liée à sa compagnie de création UBU, est fondatrice d’une esthétique de la scène qui, avec constance, privilégie le dialogue entre les pratiques artistiques. Le metteur en scène en témoigne à travers sa rencontre avec le compositeur Denis Gougeon, qui a participé à plus d’une dizaine de ses spectacles en 20 ans.
En orbite de Piano-Soleil : Gougeon pédagogue
Authors: Mckinley Maxime 
Published: March 2014

Professeur de composition à la Faculté de musique de l’Université de Montréal depuis 2001, Denis Gougeon a enseigné à plusieurs compositeurs menant aujourd’hui de brillantes carrières. Le 8 novembre 2013, à la Chapelle historique du Bon-Pasteur (Montréal), sept de ses anciens élèves lui ont rendu hommage par la création de miniatures inspirées de son cycle Six thèmes solaires, en particulier de sa pièce d’ouverture : Piano-Soleil. Ces pièces-hommages sont signées Ashot Ariyan, Simon Bertrand, André Cayer, Mathieu Lavoie, Analía Llugdar, Pierre Michaud et Marianne Trudel. L’Ensemble Arkea, sous la direction de Dina Gilbert, a créé ces miniatures, après avoir interprété les dix pièces des Six thèmes solaires de Gougeon. Consacrée à cet événement, notre enquête interroge les participants sur leurs pièces-hommages. En filigrane, nous en apprenons davantage sur la nature de l’enseignement de Gougeon, en particulier sur les plans de la rigueur du métier et de la polyvalence. Un bref discours de Gougeon, prononcé après le concert, est retranscrit en guise de conclusion.
Comparison of equatorial plasma mass densities deduced from field line resonances observed at ground for dipole and IGRF models
Authors: Vellante M. , Piersanti M. , Pietropaolo E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe technique to remotely sense the plasma mass density in magnetosphere using field line resonance frequencies detected by ground‐based magnetometers has become more and more popular in the last few years. In this paper we examine the error that would be committed at low and middle latitudes (L < 4) in estimating the equatorial plasma mass density if dipole field lines are assumed instead of the more realistic representation given by International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) lines. It is found that the use of the centered dipole model may result in an error in the inferred density appreciably larger than what is usually assumed. In particular, it has a significant longitudinal dependence being, for example, greater than +30% in the Atlantic sector and about −30% at the opposite longitude sector for field lines extending to a geocentric distance of 2 Earth radii. This may result in an erroneous interpretation of the longitudinal variation in plasmaspheric density when comparing results from ground‐based arrays located at different longitudes. We also propose simple modifications of the standard technique, such as the use of an effective dipole moment or the eccentric dipole model, which allow to keep using the dipole field geometry but with a significant error reduction.
Hybrid polydiacetylene/magnetite nanoparticles: Sensing for sodium cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and streptavidin
Authors: Lu Shengguo , Luo Fang , Duan Xujia , Jia Chen , Han Yuwang , Huang He 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTHybrid nanoparticles composed of polydiacetylene (PDA) and magnetite (Fe3O4) were fabricated by a double‐emulsion method. The structure and composite form of the hybrid nanoparticles were investigated with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The successful incorporation of magnetism to an attractive class of colorimetric PDA sensors was demonstrated. Compared with the PDA vesicles, the hybrid nanoparticles showed better colloidal stability with ethanol stimuli. In this study, we explored the colorimetric sensing ability of the hybrid nanoparticles in response to sodium cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The results show a high sensitivity to CTAB with a limit of detection at 30 μM. The biotin–streptavidin interaction was used as a sensing model to test ligand–receptor interactions on the hybrid nanoparticles' response. The concentration dependence of the chromic response was observed with the limit of visual detection at 20 μg/mL. The Fe3O4–PDA hybrid nanoparticles might have great potential applications in biosensing because of their advantages, including separation and sensing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40634.
Effect of chemical composition on the response of zwitterionic glucose sensitive hydrogels studied by design of experiments
Authors: Cho Seung‐Hei , Tathireddy Prashant , Rieth Loren , Magda Jules 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA stimuli‐responsive hydrogel that contains the anionic monomer 3‐acrylamidophenylboronic acid and the cationic monomer N‐[3‐(dimethylamino)propyl]acrylamide binds with cis‐diol groups of glucose molecules selectively and reversibly. Even though such hydrogels have good selectivity for glucose, there are still remaining thresholds that should be overcome to enhance the sensitivity (swelling pressure response magnitude) and to reduce the response time (inverse of 1st order rate constant). In this study, the sensitivity and response time of zwitterionic glucose sensitive hydrogels (GSHs) were studied with three factor DOE analysis. The DOE results show that the molar ratio of 3‐acrylamidophenylboronic acid/N‐[3‐(dimethylamino)propyl]acrylamide and the wt % of monomer in the pregel solution are the most important factors for enhancing the hydrogel sensitivity. In addition, fast response times can best be achieved by decreasing the molar ratio of cross‐linker. The results of this study will be useful as guidelines for the optimal synthesis of glucose sensitive hydrogels. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40667.
Ownership Status and the Representation of Assets of Uncertain Value: The Balloon Endowment Risk Task (BERT)
Authors: Walasek Lukasz , Wright Rebecca J. , Rakow Tim 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTOwners tend to overvalue possessions relative to non‐owners: a phenomenon known as the endowment effect. In three experiments, using markets for goods of uncertain value, we investigated whether this can be partly attributed to misperceiving an asset's profitability or to uncertainty about a good's utility. To test our hypotheses, we devised the Balloon Endowment Risk Task, in which participants can sell or buy their right to participate in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Once purchased/retained, a virtual balloon is pumped to accrue money, which is lost if the balloon bursts. Participants first learn about the risky asset (balloon) by observing others playing the Balloon Analogue Risk Task before they enter the market. In Experiment 1, we replicated the endowment effect; yet, owners and non‐owners predicted pumping the same number of times and subsequently did so when given that opportunity. In Experiments 2 and 3, the level of uncertainty about the balloon's profitability was manipulated by modifying the number of bursts that participants viewed in the initial learning stage. When more diagnostic information was provided, making the average burst point easier to estimate and reducing value uncertainty and increasing confidence in valuation, the endowment effect diminished although mean estimates of the average burst point did not differ between owners and non‐owners. Thus, endowment effects were partly attributable to value uncertainty but could not be explained by owners and non‐owners having divergent perceptions of the asset's payoff distribution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leptin and adiponectin receptor expression in oesophageal cancer
Authors: Howard J M , Cathcart M C , Healy L , Beddy P , Muldoon C , Pidgeon G P , Reynolds J V 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundOesophageal adenocarcinoma is an exemplar model of an obesity-associated adenocarcinoma. Altered secretion of adipokines by visceral fat is believed to play a key role in tumorigenesis. This study examined leptin receptor (ObR) and adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) expression in oesophageal cancer, and its relationship with patient obesity status, clinicopathological data and patient survival.MethodsTissue microarrays were constructed from paraffin-embedded oesophagectomy specimens. ObR, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression was quantified by immunohistochemistry. Anthropometric data were measured at the time of diagnosis, and obesity status was assessed using visceral fat area determined by computed tomography and body mass index. Receptor expression was correlated with various clinicopathological and anthropometric variables. Patient survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and results compared between those with low versus high receptor expression. A Cox multivariable regression model was used to assess the relationship between survival and a number of co-variables.ResultsAll 125 tumours analysed expressed AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, whereas 96·8 per cent expressed ObR. There was no significant difference in tumour pathological features or patient obesity status between tumours with low versus high ObR expression. A high level of AdipoR1 expression was significantly associated with increased patient age, obesity and less advanced tumour (T) category. Expression of AdipoR2 was inversely associated with T category (P = 0·043). Low AdipoR1 expression was an independent predictor of improved overall survival (hazard ratio 0·56, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·35 to 0·90; P = 0·017).ConclusionThe association between adiponectin receptor expression, obesity status and tumour category and survival suggests a potential mechanism linking obesity and oesophageal cancer.
Determinants of optimal mastectomy skin flap thickness
Authors: Robertson S A , Rusby J E , Cutress R I 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
There is a limited evidence base to guide surgeons on the ideal thickness of skin flaps during mastectomy. Here the literature relevant to optimizing mastectomy skin flap thickness is reviewed, including anatomical studies, oncological considerations, factors affecting viability, and the impact of surgical technique and adjuvant therapies.

Methods
A MEDLINE search was performed using the search terms ‘mastectomy’ and ‘skin flap’ or ‘flap thickness’. Titles and abstracts from peer-reviewed publications were screened for relevance.

Results
A subcutaneous layer of variable thickness that contains minimal breast epithelium lies between the dermis and breast tissue. The thickness of this layer may vary within and between breasts, and does not appear to be associated with obesity or age. The existence of a distinct layer of superficial fascia in the breast remains controversial and may be present in only up to 56 per cent of patients. When present, it may not be visible macroscopically, and can contain islands of breast tissue. As skin flap necrosis occurs in approximately 5 per cent of patients, a balance must be sought between removing all breast tissue at mastectomy and leaving reliably viable skin flaps.

Conclusion
The variable and unpredictable thickness of the breast subcutaneous layer means that a single specific universal thickness for mastectomy skin flaps cannot be recommended. It may be that the plane between the subdermal fat and breast parenchyma is a reasonable guide for mastectomy flap thickness, but this may not always correspond to a subcutaneous fascial layer.
Impact of routine intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy on bile duct injury
Authors: Alvarez F A , de Santibañes M , Palavecino M , Sánchez Clariá R , Mazza O , Arbues G , de Santibañes E , Pekolj J 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
The role of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) in the diagnosis, prevention and management of bile duct injury (BDI) remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the value of routine IOC in the diagnosis and management of BDI sustained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) at a high-volume centre.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of a single-institution database was performed. Patients who underwent LC with routine IOC between October 1991 and May 2012 were included.

Results
Among 11 423 consecutive LCs IOC was performed successfully in 95·7 per cent of patients. No patient had IOC-related complications. Twenty patients (0·17 per cent) sustained a BDI during LC, and the diagnosis was made during surgery in 18 patients. Most BDIs were type D according to the Strasberg classification. The sensitivity of IOC for the detection of BDI was 79 per cent; specificity was 100 per cent. All injuries diagnosed during surgery were repaired during the same surgical procedure. Two patients developed early biliary strictures that were treated by percutaneous dilatation and a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with satisfactory long-term results.

Conclusion
The routine use of IOC during LC in a high-volume teaching centre was associated with a low incidence of BDI, and facilitated detection and repair during the same surgical procedure with a good outcome.
The startle paradigm in a forensic psychiatric setting: Elucidating psychopathy
Authors: Loomans Max M. , Tulen Joke H. M. , van Marle Hjalmar J. C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundMost people who meet the diagnostic criteria for anti‐social personality disorder (ASPD) do not meet the criteria for psychopathy. A differentiating feature is affective‐interpersonal style. Eye blink startle reflex paradigms have been used to study affect.AimThe aim of this study is to explore an eye blink startle paradigm as a means of distinguishing between men with both ASPD and psychopathy, and men with ASPD alone.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐six men were recruited as follows: 31 patients with ASPD and a Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R) score of 26 or more, 22 patients with ASPD and a PCL‐R score of 25 or less, 50 forensic hospital employees and 33 general population men, none in the latter two groups having abnormal personality traits. Each was presented with 16 pleasant, 16 unpleasant and 16 neutral pictures. Acoustic probes were presented during each category at 300, 800, 1300 and 3800 milliseconds (ms) after picture onset. Eye blink response was measured by electromyography.ResultsOverall, both patient groups showed significantly smaller eye blink responses to the startle stimuli compared with the community controls. Both the latter and the ASPD group showed the expected increase in eye blink response at longer startle latencies to unpleasant pictures than pleasant pictures, but this was not present either in the group with psychopathy or in the forensic hospital employees. With increasing startle latency onset, eye blink amplitude increased significantly in both the healthy comparison groups and the ASPD group, but not in the group with psychopathy.ConclusionsWe replicated eye blink startle modulation deficiencies among men with psychopathy. We confirmed that the psychopathy and ASPD groups could be distinguished by startle stimulus onset asynchrony, but this pattern was also seen in one healthy group – the forensic hospital employees. This suggests a case for more research with more diverse comparison groups and more differentiation of personality traits before drawing definitive conclusions about distinctive startle response patterns among men with psychopathy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous Chlorine‐Free Process for Production of Tetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Aschauer Stephan J. , Herdegen Jens , Schmidt Achim , Gerdes Thorsten , Hintzer Klaus , Zipplies Tilman , Willert‐Porada Monika 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDie Herstellung von Tetrafluorethylen (TFE), dem wichtigsten Monomer zur Herstellung von Fluorpolymeren, erfolgt bislang in einem energetisch und prozesstechnisch aufwendigen Verfahren. Hier wurde ein Verfahren entwickelt, dass es ermöglicht, TFE völlig chlorfrei über einen Plasmaprozess aus Perfluoralkanen herzustellen. Dafür wurde ein Plasma in einem Rohrreaktor erzeugt und charakterisiert. Es konnten hohe TFE‐Ausbeuten erreicht und die Bildung von Nebenprodukten vermieden werden. Dies zeigt, dass eine vollständig chlorfrei TFE‐Synthese auch im technischen bzw. industriellen Maßstab in Zukunft durchgeführt werden könnte.
Accounting for tagging‐to‐harvest mortality in a Brownie tag‐recovery model by incorporating radio‐telemetry data
Authors: Buderman Frances E. , Diefenbach Duane R. , Casalena Mary Jo , Rosenberry Christopher S. , Wallingford Bret D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Brownie tag‐recovery model is useful for estimating harvest rates but assumes all tagged individuals survive to the first hunting season; otherwise, mortality between time of tagging and the hunting season will cause the Brownie estimator to be negatively biased. Alternatively, fitting animals with radio transmitters can be used to accurately estimate harvest rate but may be more costly. We developed a joint model to estimate harvest and annual survival rates that combines known‐fate data from animals fitted with transmitters to estimate the probability of surviving the period from capture to the first hunting season, and data from reward‐tagged animals in a Brownie tag‐recovery model. We evaluated bias and precision of the joint estimator, and how to optimally allocate effort between animals fitted with radio transmitters and inexpensive ear tags or leg bands. Tagging‐to‐harvest survival rates from >20 individuals with radio transmitters combined with 50–100 reward tags resulted in an unbiased and precise estimator of harvest rates. In addition, the joint model can test whether transmitters affect an individual's probability of being harvested. We illustrate application of the model using data from wild turkey, Meleagris gallapavo, to estimate harvest rates, and data from white‐tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, to evaluate whether the presence of a visible radio transmitter is related to the probability of a deer being harvested. The joint known‐fate tag‐recovery model eliminates the requirement to capture and mark animals immediately prior to the hunting season to obtain accurate and precise estimates of harvest rate. In addition, the joint model can assess whether marking animals with radio transmitters affects the individual's probability of being harvested, caused by hunter selectivity or changes in a marked animal's behavior.