bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Concept for the Removal of Solvent Vapors from Exhaust Air
Authors: Ludgen Diana , Wichmann Hubertus , Bahadir Muefit 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe emission of large amounts of solvent vapors with exhaust air from industrial production into the environment is a serious problem. In Germany, industry‐sector‐specific threshold values are applied and technical measures for pollution reduction are required. Different techniques for exhaust air cleaning are in use but still posing problems concerning costs and reliability. For these reasons, the development of processes for exhaust air treatment is the subject of the current research. A new concept for exhaust air cleaning is introduced that combines absorption of a solvent vapor by an organic fluid and a subsequent adsorption by a molecular sieve placed in the absorber. It was managed to close the loops of solvent recovery and sorbents regeneration. In laboratory‐scale experiments it was possible to reduce an initial ethylacetate pollution of 800 mg/m3 or 349 mg C/m3 below the limit value of 75 mg C/m3 over 60 h duration. Thermogravimetric measurements assisted to define optimum conditions for solvent recovery at 180°C from the molecular sieve. One unexpected positive finding was the considerable increase in the solvent release in the presence of the absorption fluid while adsorption isotherms revealed first insight into this process.
Significance of bone marrow reticulin fibrosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia at diagnosis
Authors: Tadmor Tamar , Shvidel Lev , Aviv Ariel , Ruchlemer Rosa , Bairey Osnat , Yuklea Mona , Herishanu Yair , Braester Andre , Levene Naomi , Vernea Fiona , Ben‐Ezra Jonathan , Bejar Jacob , Polliack Aaron ,   on behalf of the Israeli CLL Study Group
Published: February 2013

AbstractBACKGROUND:Bone marrow (BM) biopsies from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may show reticulin fibrosis at diagnosis, but its significance remains unclear. This study sought to assess the prognostic impact of BM reticulin fibrosis in patients with previously untreated CLL.METHODS:Data was reviewed from untreated CLL patients in the national Israel CLL database, followed during 1987 to 2012. All bone marrow biopsies were graded for reticulin fibrosis using a modified scoring system containing 4 grades (0‐3), based on the European consensus report. Grade of reticulin fibrosis was correlated with overall survival (OS), outcome, and a number of well‐recognized prognostic factors for CLL.RESULTS:The final cohort included 176 patients (122 males and 51 females). Median age was 63 years (range, 32‐86 years) and the 5‐year OS was 77.1%. Grade of BM reticulin fibrosis correlated with OS (P < .0001) and mortality (P = .001), and separated patients into 2 groups with different survival curves. Advanced reticulin fibrosis (grades 2‐3) was associated with thrombocytopenia (platelet counts of < 100,000/mm3) (P = .025), anemia (P = .018), elevated β2‐microglobulin < 4000 μg/mL (P = .048), and the presence of 11q deletion (P = .0015).CONCLUSIONS:There was a significant correlation between poor survival and grade of BM reticulin fibrosis. This staining procedure is easy to perform and can readily be added routinely when examining BM biopsies in CLL, because the findings do have prognostic implications. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Preparation and Formation Mechanism of Highly Dispersed Manganese Silicide on Silica by MOCVD of Mn(CO)5SiCl3
Authors: Guan Jingchao , Jin Jianhui , Chen Xiao , Zhang Bingsen , Su Dangsheng , Liang Changhai 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMnSi nanoparticles on silica are prepared by metal‐organic (MO)CVD of Mn(CO)5SiCl3 as a single‐source precursor. Mn(CO)5SiCl3 is synthesized from Mn2(CO)10 and SiHCl3 using standard Schlenk techniques, and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and 13C and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Powder XRD patterns, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), elemental maps, and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy show that MnSi particles, with a size of about 5–6 nm, are uniformly dispersed on the silica support. The formation mechanism of MnSi nanoparticles on silica is investigated by in‐situ FTIR spectroscopy. The results demonstrate the formation details of MnSi nanoparticles from Mn(CO)5SiCl3 through the elimination of carbonyl groups and dissociation of SiCl bonds with the promotion of H2.
Parametric Study of Methane Catalytic CVD into Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Spin‐coated Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Seah Choon‐Ming , Chai Siang‐Piao , Ichikawa Satoshi , Mohamed Abdul Rahman 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe effects of reaction temperature, methane partial pressure, and reaction period on growing single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are demonstrated in the present study. Simple methane CVD is carried out using a homemade iron nanoparticles catalyst. The iron nanoparticles are prepared by spin‐coating a colloidal mixture of iron(III) nitrate, PEG‐400, and absolute ethanol on silicon wafers. The experimental results show that the effects of all three reaction parameters studied, on the morphology and the topography of the SWCNT arrays, are significant. There is no evidence showing that the diameter of SWCNTs is correlated with these three reaction parameters.
Spin‐Crossover Complexes
Authors: Murray Keith S. , Oshio Hiroki , Real José Antonio 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEurJIC is proud to present a bumper issue on Spin‐Crossover Complexes. Our Guest Editors, Keith Murray, Hiroki Oshio and José Antonio Real, have worked hard to put together a fantastic issue. With a valuable personal account of the field by Philipp Gütlich and inspiring papers by leading experts, you will not be disappointed.
Use of gene expression data to determine effects on gonad phenotype in japanese medaka after exposure to trenbolone or estradiol
Authors: Flynn Kevin , Swintek Joe , Johnson Rodney 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Various aquatic bioassays using one of several fish species have been developed or are in the process of being developed by organizations like the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Office of Economic Cooperation and Development for testing potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Often, these involve assessment of the gonad phenotype of individuals as a key endpoint that is inputted into a risk or hazard assessment. Typically, gonad phenotype is determined histologically, which involves specialized and time-consuming techniques. The methods detailed here utilize an entirely different methodology, reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, to determine the relative expression levels of 4 genes after exposure to either 17β-estradiol or 17β-trenbolone and, by extension, the effects of EDCs on the phenotypic status of the gonad. The 4 genes quantified, Sox9b, protamine, Fig1α, and ZPC1, are all involved in gonad development and maintenance in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes); these data were then inputted into a permutational multivariate analysis of variance to determine whether significant differences exist between treatment groups. This information in conjunction with the sexual genotype, which can be determined in medaka, can be used to determine adverse effects of exposure to EDCs in a similar fashion to the histologically determined gonad phenotype. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1344–1353. © 2013 SETAC
Paralytic shellfish toxins inhibit copper uptake in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Cusick Kathleen D. , Wetzel Randall K. , Minkin Steven C. , Dodani Sheel C. , Wilhelm Steven W. , Sayler Gary S. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Paralytic shellfish toxins are secondary metabolites produced by several species of dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. Known targets of these toxins, which typically occur at detrimental concentrations during harmful algal blooms, include voltage-gated ion channels in humans and other mammals. However, the effects of the toxins on the co-occurring phytoplankton community remain unknown. The present study examined the molecular mechanisms of the model photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to saxitoxin exposure as a means of gaining insight into the phytoplankton community response to a bloom. Previous work with yeast indicated that saxitoxin inhibited copper uptake, so experiments were designed to examine whether saxitoxin exhibited a similar mode of action in algae. Expression profiling following exposure to saxitoxin or a copper chelator produced similar profiles in copper homeostasis genes, notably induction of the cytochrome c6 (CYC6) and copper transporter (COPT1, CTR1) genes. Cytochrome c6 is used as an alternative to plastocyanin under conditions of copper deficiency, and immunofluorescence data showed this protein to be present in a significantly greater proportion of saxitoxin-exposed cells compared to controls. Live-cell imaging with a copper-sensor probe for intracellular labile Cu(I) confirmed that saxitoxin blocked copper uptake. Extrapolations of these data to phytoplankton metabolic processes along with the copper transporter as a molecular target of saxitoxin based on existing structural models are discussed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1388–1395. © 2013 SETAC
Absorption, distribution, and biotransformation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in B6C3F1 mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Pan Xiaoping , Ochoa Kelly M. , Francisco Michael J. San , Cox Stephen B. , Dixon Kenneth , Anderson Todd A. , Cobb George P. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Absorption, distribution, and biotransformation are 3 critical aspects affecting toxicant action in animals. In the present study, B6C3F1 mice (Mus musculus) were exposed for 28 d to contaminated feed that contained 1 of 5 different hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) concentrations: 0 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg. The authors quantified RDX and its reductive transformation products hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX), hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine (DNX), and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX) in the stomach, intestine, plasma, liver, and brain of these mice. Average RDX concentrations followed a dose-dependent pattern for all matrices tested. No controls had concentrations above limits of detection. Average RDX concentrations in tissues of exposed mice ranged from 11.1 ng/mL to 182 ng/mL, 25.6 ng/g to 3319 ng/g, 123 ng/g to 233 ng/g, 144 ng/g to 35 900 ng/g, and 51.1 ng/g to 2697 ng/g in the plasma, brain, liver, stomach, and intestine, respectively. A considerable amount of RDX was present in the brain, especially in the highest-exposure group. This is consistent with the widely observed central nervous system effects caused by γ-aminobutyric acid inhibition associated with RDX exposure. N-nitroso metabolites of RDX were also present in tested tissues in a dose-dependent pattern. Average MNX concentrations in the stomachs of mice exposed to RDX ranged from nondetectable in control exposures to 490 ng/g in the highest-exposure groups. In the brain, MNX accumulated at a maximum average concentration of 165.1 ng/g, suggesting the potential formation of MNX from RDX within the brain. At higher exposures, DNX and TNX were present in the stomach, plasma, and brain of mice. The presence of RDX metabolites at notable amounts in different tissues suggests that RDX can transform into its N-nitroso metabolites in vivo by an undefined mechanism. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1295–1303. © 2013 SETAC
Model‐Based Ex Situ Diagnostics of Water Fluxes in Catalyst Layers of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Liu J. , Gazzarri J. , Eikerling M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe ability to predict the electrochemical performance of the cathode catalyst layer in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell hinges on a precise knowledge of water distribution and fluxes. Water transport mechanisms that must be accounted for include vapor diffusion, liquid water permeation and vaporization exchange. In order to facilitate experimental efforts to this effect, we propose an ex situ model of water fluxes in catalyst layers. The model formulation is similar to transmission line models that are widely used in the analysis of electrochemical impedance spectra of porous composite electrodes. Focusing in this article on steady state and isothermal conditions, we rationalize the response function between defined environmental conditions, i.e. gas pressures, partial vapor pressures and temperature, which are defined at the boundaries of the catalyst layer, and the net water flux. This response function provides diagnostic capabilities to isolate and extract water transport parameters of catalyst layers from measurements of water fluxes through membrane electrode assemblies or half cell systems. An important asset of the model is the ability to analyze catalyst layer transport properties under partial saturation.
Chromium Poisoning of LaMnO3‐Based Cathode within Generalized Approach
Authors: Yokokawa H. , Horita T. , Yamaji K. , Kishimoto H. , Yamamoto T. , Yoshikawa M. , Mugikura Y. , Tomida K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRecent progress of the NEDO project on durability/reliability of SOFC stacks is reported with an emphasis on the achievement of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries' segment‐in‐series cells in which the lanthanum manganite cathode has been improved. Durability tests were made by CRIEPI on their cells with/without doped ceria interlayer to check plausible effects of microstructure change and of chromium poisoning. Improved cells exhibit essentially no degradation for 10,000 h and also strong tolerance against the Cr contamination from stainless steel tubes. These features are discussed within the generalized degradation model developed inside the NEDO project. In particular, the extremely small overpotential can be considered to be effective in lowering the Cr poisoning by reducing the driving forces for the electrochemical Cr deposition at active sites. Insertion of doped ceria is also useful in preventing the Cr deposition or enhancing the volatilization of deposited Cr with cathodically emitted water vapors from ceria. Thermodynamic considerations reveal that the initial composition of LSM cathode is important to determine the microstructure change due to the chromium dissolution into the B‐sites in the perovskite lattice. Discussions are made on a role of doped ceria to prevent deterioration of Mn‐dissolved electrolyte by lowering the Mn dissolution into YSZ.
Regulatory economics: Should geothermal heat pumps qualify for state renewable energy standards?
Authors: Barclay Richard A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractState renewable energy standards (RESs), or renewable portfolio standards, are constantly being reviewed and updated. One relatively new approach being considered around the country is to allow geothermal heat pumps (GHPs), or ground source heat pumps, to be treated the same as traditional renewable energy sources for awarding renewable energy credits (RECs).
Taurolithocholate-induced MRP2 retrieval involves MARCKS phosphorylation by protein kinase Cε in HUH-NTCP Cells
Authors: Schonhoff Christopher M. , Webster Cynthia R. L. , Anwer Sawkat M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Taurolithocholate (TLC) acutely inhibits the biliary excretion of multidrug-resistant associated protein 2 (Mrp2) substrates by inducing Mrp2 retrieval from the canalicular membrane, whereas cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) increases plasma membrane (PM)–MRP2. The effect of TLC may be mediated via protein kinase Cε (PKCε). Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a membrane-bound F-actin crosslinking protein and is phosphorylated by PKCs. MARCKS phosphorylation has been implicated in endocytosis, and the underlying mechanism appears to be the detachment of phosphorylated myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (pMARCKS) from the membrane. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that TLC-induced MRP2 retrieval involves PKCε-mediated MARCKS phosphorylation. Studies were conducted in HuH7 cells stably transfected with sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (HuH-NTCP cells) and in rat hepatocytes. TLC increased PM–PKCε and decreased PM-MRP2 in both HuH-NTCP cells and hepatocytes. cAMP did not affect PM-PKCε and increased PM-MRP2 in these cells. In HuH-NTCP cells, dominant-negative (DN) PKCε reversed TLC-induced decreases in PM-MRP2 without affecting cAMP-induced increases in PM-MRP2. TLC, but not cAMP, increased MARCKS phosphorylation in HuH-NTCP cells and hepatocytes. TLC and phorbol myristate acetate increased cytosolic pMARCKS and decreased PM-MARCKS in HuH-NTCP cells. TLC failed to increase MARCKS phosphorylation in HuH-NTCP cells transfected with DN-PKCε, and this suggested PKCε-mediated phosphorylation of MARCKS by TLC. In HuH-NTCP cells transfected with phosphorylation-deficient MARCKS, TLC failed to increase MARCKS phosphorylation or decrease PM-MRP2. Conclusion: Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that TLC-induced MRP2 retrieval involves TLC-mediated activation of PKCε followed by MARCKS phosphorylation and consequent detachment of MARCKS from the membrane. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;)
Alcohol dehydrogenase–specific T-cell responses are associated with alcohol consumption in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis
Authors: Lin Fang , Taylor Nicholas J. , Su Haibin , Huang Xiaohong , Hussain Munther J. , Abeles Robin Daniel , Blackmore Laura , Zhou Yunyun , Ikbal Mohammad Mashfick , Heaton Nigel , Jassem Wayel , Shawcross Debbie L. , Vergani Diego , Ma Yun 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Patients with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) have antibodies directed to alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), anti-ADH titers being associated with disease severity and active alcohol consumption. ADH-specific T-cell responses have not been characterized. We aimed to define anti-ADH cellular immune responses and their association with active alcohol consumption and disease severity. Using cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 25 patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis (ARC; 12 were actively drinking or abstinent for <6 months, and 13 were abstinent for >6 months) and hepatic mononuclear cells (HMCs) from 14 patients with ARC who were undergoing transplantation, we investigated T-cell reactivity to 25 overlapping peptides representing the full human ADH protein (beta 1 subunit). ADH-specific peripheral T-cell responses were assessed by the quantification of T-cell proliferation and cytokine production and were correlated with the clinical course. In active alcohol consumers, proliferative T-cell responses targeted ADH31-95 and other discontinuous sequences in the ADH peptide, whereas only one sequence was targeted in abstinents. ADH peptides induced the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-17. IL-4 production was lower in active drinkers versus abstinents, and IL-17 production was higher. Peptides inducing IFN-γ production outnumbered those inducing T-cell proliferation. The intensity of the predominantly T helper 1 (Th1) responses directly correlated with disease severity. Similar to PBMCs in abstinents, ADH peptides induced weak T-cell proliferation and a similar level of IL-4 production in HMCs but less vigorous Th1 and T helper 17 responses. Conclusion: This suggests that Th1 responses to ADH in ARC are induced by alcohol consumption. A Th1/T helper 2 imbalance characterizes T-cell responses in active drinkers with ARC, whereas IL-4 production prevails in abstinents. This identifies new targets for immunoregulatory therapies in ALD patients for halting detrimental effector T-cell responses, which may encourage liver fibrogenesis and progression to end-stage liver disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
Evolution of the sewage treatment plant model SimpleTreat: Applicability domain and data requirements
Authors: Franco Antonio , Struijs Jaap , Gouin Todd , Price Oliver R 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
SimpleTreat 3.1 is the sewage treatment plant (STP) model implemented in the European Union (EU) framework for the environmental risk assessment of chemicals. The model was originally designed for neutral hydrophobic chemicals, whereas many substances currently under regulatory scrutiny, are ionizable at environmental pH. Although the model has been adapted to describe ionization (SimpleTreat 3.1), the fate of organic ions is limited to the unbound aqueous phase, which seriously restricts the applicability domain. New regressions were implemented to estimate the sludge–water partition coefficient normalized to organic carbon (KOC) of monovalent acids and bases from the octanol–water partition coefficient (KOW), the dissociation constant (pKa) and the pH. We evaluated the updated model (SimpleTreat 3.2) with 10 test chemicals by comparing predictions with monitoring data collected from the literature. Test chemicals were specifically selected to challenge the applicability domain and to cover a wide range of functionality and physical–chemical properties. Although predicted effluent concentrations are generally conservative, SimpleTreat 3.2 provides reasonable estimates for use in lower-tier risk assessment for neutral and monovalent ionizable chemicals. The accuracy of the new KOC regressions is acceptable for monovalent acid but is lower for bases, for which measured sludge KOC is highly recommended. Measured KOC are also recommended for ionic surfactants and necessary for organic ligands, which may limit the applicability of SimpleTreat using a basic input data set. The conservative nature of model estimates reflects the default worst case, non-numerical parameterization of biodegradation rates and the assumption that biodegradation is limited to the unbound aqueous phase. The potential of refining the description of biodegradation using higher tier simulation tests is explored in a parallel article (Franco et al. this issue). Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:560–568. © 2013 SETAC
Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry in Chemical Catalysis
Authors: Dydio Paweł , Breuil Pierre‐Alain R. , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDespite the progress in the field of dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC), dynamic combinatorial catalysis has received considerably less attention. Some first studies, however, have provided proof of principle and demonstrated that DCC‐based approaches are also applicable in catalyst development. This provides interesting new tools that are complementary to rational catalyst design and traditional combinatorial strategies. As such, DCC may become highly valuable in the field of dynamic combinatorial catalysis, due also to the practical importance of catalysis. In this review we focus on the principles of dynamic combinatorial catalysis and provide an overview by the introduction of different concepts related to the development of libraries and selection procedures in catalysis.