bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of the Photosensitizer Penetration into Artificial Caries Lesions in Dentin Measured by the Confocal Raman Microscopy
Authors: Melo Mary Anne S. , Rolim Juliana P.M.L. , Zanin Iriana C.J. , Silva José J.A. , Paschoal Alexandre R. , Ayala Alejandro P. , Rodrigues Lidiany K.A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study utilized the confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM) technique for the first time to investigate the degree of the penetration of toluidine blue‐orto (TBO) in artificial caries lesions produced by two distinct caries‐inducing models. The dentin specimens (n = 10) were divided into three groups: control, in vitro and in situ. Thereafter, the lesion depth and the demineralization level were evaluated by cross‐sectional microhardness (CSMH). CRM mapping across the dentin surface was assessed after the dye application. The CSMH and CRM data were analyzed by t‐test and ANOVA, respectively (P < 0.05). The values of the lesion depth and the demineralization areas were higher for in situ samples (P < 0.05). The TBO penetration values (μm) for the control, in vitro and in situ groups were 44.8 ± 5.6, 46.1 ± 4.5 and 51.2 ± 8.5, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups (P > 0.05). The rate of TBO penetration was detected up to about <50 μm and the demineralization level did not influence the results. These results have showed promising parameters to develop new protocols for deep caries lesions management using photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy.
A Randomised Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Low‐dose Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction: Design and Baseline Characteristics
Authors: Schisterman Enrique F. , Silver Robert M. , Perkins Neil J. , Mumford Sunni L. , Whitcomb Brian W. , Stanford Joseph B. , Lesher Laurie L. , Faraggi David , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Browne Richard W. , Townsend Janet M. , White Mark , Lynch Anne M. , Galai Noya 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundLow‐dose aspirin (LDA) has been proposed to improve pregnancy outcomes in couples experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss. However, results from studies of LDA on pregnancy outcomes have been inconsistent, perhaps because most studies evaluated LDA‐initiated post‐conception. The purpose of the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR) trial was to determine whether preconception‐initiated LDA improves livebirth rates in women with one to two prior losses.MethodsWe performed a multicentre, block randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Study participants were recruited using community‐based advertisements and physician referral to four university medical centres in the US (2006–12). Eligible women were aged 18–40 years actively trying to conceive, with one to two prior losses. Participants were randomised to receive daily LDA (81 mg/day) or a matching placebo, and all were provided with daily 400‐mcg folic acid. Follow‐up continued for ≤6 menstrual cycles while attempting to conceive. For those who conceived, treatment was continued until 36 weeks gestation. The primary outcome was the cumulative livebirth rate over the trial period.ResultsThere were 1228 women randomised (615 LDA, 613 placebo). Participants had a mean age of 28.7, were mostly white (95%), well educated (86% more than high school education), and employed (75%) with a household income >$100 000 annually (40%). The characteristics of those in the treatment and placebo arms were well balanced.ConclusionsWe describe the study design, recruitment, data collection, and baseline characteristics of participants enrolled in EAGeR, which aimed to determine the effect of LDA on livebirth and other pregnancy outcomes in these women.
Divining Karma in Chinese Buddhism
Authors: McGuire Beverley Foulks 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDivination has been a pervasive phenomenon throughout Chinese history, but scholars have tended to focus on indigenous divination practices and overlook Chinese Buddhist ones. Scholars that have attended to Chinese Buddhist divination have largely debated the extent to which it derived from indigenous Chinese or Indian sources. This article advocates a different approach for future studies – one that focuses on the way in which practitioners of divination viewed themselves, their divinatory practices, and their reasons for practicing divination. It illustrates this method with a case study of an eminent Chinese Buddhist monk named Ouyi Zhixu (1599–1655), who viewed divination as a diagnostic tool to determine his karma and prescribed repentance rituals for redressing such karma.
The impact of work culture on quality of care in nursing homes – a review study
Authors: André Beate , Sjøvold Endre , Rannestad Toril , Ringdal Gerd I. 
Published: October 2013

AimThe main aim of this review study was to identify which factors that characterise the relationship between work culture and quality of care in nursing homes.MethodThis review study was structured through systematic search methods to identify articles that describe the relationship between work culture and quality of care in nursing homes. The database search yielded 14510 hits. Closer examination showed that 10401 of these hits were duplicates. Of the remaining 4109 articles, only 10 were related to our aim for the study. A qualitative method were used to explain and understand phenomena of work culture and quality if care in nursing homes.FindingsNine out of 10 articles in this review study emphasise the importance of leadership style and supportive management to increase quality of care in nursing homes. Increased empowerment, participation and influence were important factors for improving quality of care. Significant associations between work culture and quality of care and between empowerment and quality of care were reported.ConclusionNursing management and leaders must take in consideration that work culture is crucial for improving quality of care in nursing homes, and this study can be used to increase the focus on the work culture among healthcare personnel in nursing homes. Changes are necessary to increase healthcare personnel′s job satisfaction, empowerment, autonomy and influence in nursing homes. Giving empowerment to the healthcare personnel working in nursing homes is both an organisational and an interpersonal issue. Being given empowerment and influence over their own work situation, the healthcare workers can be more committed and involved in the goal of obtaining best possible care to the residents.
Nurses' encounters with children in child and school health care: negotiated guidance within a given frame
Authors: Golsäter Marie , Enskär Karin , Harder Maria 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundThroughout childhood, children take part in health visits according to a health‐monitoring programme. The visits are aimed to promote the children's development and health and to strengthen them to take own responsibility for their health. Nurses' actions when encountering children at these visits are not explored to any great extent. Exploring nurses' actions can facilitate their reflections on their actions towards children and thereby promote children's involvement in such visits.AimThe aim of this study was to explore nurses' actions when encountering children at health visits.MethodA qualitative explorative design, based on 30 video recordings of health visits in child and school health care, was used in this study. These visits were ordinary real‐life health visits. The data were subjected to qualitative content analysis. The right to conduct video recordings during health visits was approved by appropriate research ethics committees.ResultsThe findings show that nurses, in order to carry out the health visits, encounter children through negotiated guidance. This guidance is understood as the process through which the nurses reach agreement with the children, and is comprised of directed and pliable strategies. At one moment, the nurse can use a directed strategy to inform the child and at the next moment a pliable strategy to provide the child space within the given frame, the health‐monitoring programme. By using these strategies intertwined, the nurse can provide the child space within the given frame and, at the same time, fulfil his/her responsibility to promote children's health and development.ConclusionThe results highlight nurses' challenging and complex assignment of guiding children to promote their engagement in the health visits, thereby enabling the nurses to promote the children's health and development according to the national health‐monitoring programme.
Trends in δ18O and δ13C values in lacustrine tufa mounds: Palaeohydrology of Searles Lake, California
Authors: Guo Xuan , Chafetz Henry S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFour tufa facies have been identified in abundant tufa mounds that accumulated in Searles Lake, California, USA, during the Pleistocene. Covariance of δ18O and δ13C values within the tufa facies has been analysed and correlated with palaeo‐lake history. This study demonstrates that characteristics of δ18O and δ13C values are different in each of the tufa facies and can be related to palaeo‐lake stages. The first facies of tufa formation (P) has relatively low average δ18O and δ13C values (δ18O = −2·7‰ and δ13C = +1·2‰, n = 14). These low values are attributed to rapid increases in the lake volume. This increase was followed by higher average δ18O and δ13C values of both the nodular (N) facies (δ18O = +1·8‰ and δ13C = +4·1‰, n = 24) and the columnar (C) facies (δ18O = +0·6‰ and δ13C = +4·0‰, n = 7). These higher values are interpreted to record a decrease in lake volume due to high evaporation and increased biogenic productivity. Following formation of facies C, the lake was essentially dry during formation of the finely laminated (LC) facies. Facies LC formed subaerially as spring water flowed up through the central conduit of the mounds and cascaded down their periphery. The relatively high δ18O and δ13C values for this facies (δ18O = +1·4‰ and δ13C = +4·4‰, n = 12) are due to evaporation and fast CO2 degassing. Although covariant trends are well‐displayed, variations in lake chemistry alter some of these trends due to periods of hyper‐alkalinity. This study confirms the utility of stable isotopic analyses of lacustrine tufa facies to determine palaeo‐lake history.
Continuous Invertibility and Stable QML Estimation of the EGARCH(1,1) Model
Authors: Wintenberger Olivier 
Published: October 2013

AbstractI introduce the notion of continuous invertibility on a compact set for volatility models driven by a stochastic recurrence equation. I prove strong consistency of the quasi‐maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) when the quasi‐likelihood criterion is maximized on a continuously invertible domain. This approach yields, for the first time, the asymptotic normality of the QMLE for the exponential general autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (EGARCH(1,1)) model under explicit but non‐verifiable conditions. In practice, I propose to stabilize the QMLE by constraining the optimization procedure to an empirical continuously invertible domain. The new method, called stable QMLE, is asymptotically normal when the observations follow an invertible EGARCH(1,1) model.
An Examination of Various Methods of Minimising Strain Gradients in 3D Embedded Strain Gauge Analysis
Authors: O'Driscoll C. , Stanley W. , Little E. G. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper is a review of different methods used to reduce the effect of strain gradients in experimental models with 3D embedded strain gauged transducers. A detailed analysis of various methods used in relation to research carried out on a prosthetic hip implant is investigated. The methods to reduce these gradient effects detail the importance of the selection of the most suitable 3D transducer pattern and establishing the locations on the model where strain gradients are least problematic. It is also shown that the use of large‐scale models helps minimise the effect a gradient may have on data. Another way of avoiding strain gradients is to use axisymmetric models and embed the gauges at the same radius in the model but at a different angular orientation from the central axis. The strain gradient across the 3D embedded strain gauge transducer can be reduced using the methods described here so that significant errors in the final tensor do not materialise.
Phylogeny of xanthopygine rove beetles (Coleoptera) based on six molecular loci
Authors: CHATZIMANOLIS STYLIANOS 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe rove beetle subtribe Xanthopygina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini) is a species‐rich group of 27 neotropical genera that contains some of the largest and most brightly coloured of all staphylinid beetles. The monophyly of the subtribe has never been tested before, using a large dataset of taxa and genes. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses are used on individual genes (COI, 28S rDNA, wingless, arginine kinase, CAD and topoisomerase I) and the partitioned concatenated dataset to test for monophyly and examine the relationships among Xanthopygina genera. Xanthopygina (excluding Philothalpus) are shown to be a monophyletic group with strong support values. The genus Philothalpus is removed from Xanthopygina and placed in the tribe Staphylinini as incertae sedis. Four distinct clades of Xanthopygina genera are recognized. The origin of Xanthopygina is hypothesized to be in the Late Cretaceous or later and the origin of myrmecophilous adaptations is discussed.
Elizabethkingia species sepsis after lung transplantation: case report and literature review
Authors: Ramanan P. , Razonable R.R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractElizabethkingia species are environmental bacteria that rarely cause infection in neonates and immunocompromised adults, usually as part of nosocomial outbreaks. We report an isolated fatal case of disseminated Elizabethkingia species infection in a lung transplant recipient and review the literature of this bacterial infection in transplant recipients.
Aztreonam for febrile neutropenia in patients with beta‐lactam allergy
Authors: McCullough B.J. , Wiggins L.E. , Richards A. , Klinker K. , Hiemenz J.W. , Wingard J.R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundBeta‐lactam antibiotics are the mainstay of empiric therapy for febrile neutropenia. Aztreonam may benefit certain patients because of a lack of cross‐hypersensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to evaluate the efficacy of aztreonam as monotherapy for febrile neutropenia (FN).MethodsOur study was a single‐center retrospective chart review of patients ≥18 years of age receiving aztreonam for the treatment of FN. Primary outcome was treatment success of aztreonam monotherapy. Secondary analyses included need for modification to antimicrobial therapy, patients transitioned to aztreonam from another empiric regimen, and patients receiving aztreonam in combination with other antibacterial agents.ResultsIn patients prescribed aztreonam for first fever, 11 of 27 (40.7%) patients who received aztreonam alone and 19 of 40 (47.5%) given aztreonam plus another antibiotic responded within 96 h (P = 0.62). Twenty‐four (89%) patients prescribed aztreonam monotherapy were alive when FN resolved or treatment ended. Infectious mortality was low (1 patient, 3.7%). In patients prescribed aztreonam monotherapy following an adverse reaction to cefepime, 6 of 11 (54.5%) responded within 96 h of initiating aztreonam; 10 (91%) were alive when FN resolved or treatment ended.ConclusionAztreonam monotherapy may be acceptable for use in patients with a history of beta‐lactam hypersensitivity or following an adverse reaction with another beta‐lactam. Further studies are needed to compare efficacy of aztreonam monotherapy with other therapies for the treatment of FN.
Proteomic evidence for genetic epistasis: ClpR4 mutations switch leaf variegation to virescence in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wu Wenjuan , Zhu Ying , Ma Zhaoxue , Sun Yi , Quan Quan , Li Peng , Hu Pengzhan , Shi Tieliu , Lo Clive , Chu Ivan K. , Huang Jirong 
Published: October 2013

SummaryChloroplast development in plants is regulated by a series of coordinated biological processes. In this work, a genetic suppressor screen for the leaf variegation phenotype of the thylakoid formation 1 (thf1) mutant combined with a proteomic assay was employed to elucidate this complicated network. We identified a mutation in ClpR4, named clpR4‐3, which leads to leaf virescence and also rescues the var2 variegation. Proteomic analysis showed that the chloroplast proteome of clpR4‐3 thf1 is dominantly controlled by clpR4‐3, providing molecular mechanisms that cause genetic epistasis of clpR4‐3 to thf1. Classification of the proteins significantly mis‐regulated in the mutants revealed that those functioning in the expression of plastid genes are oppositely regulated while proteins functioning in antioxidative stress, protein folding, and starch metabolism are changed in the same direction between thf1 and clpR4‐3. The levels of FtsHs including FtsH2/VAR2, FtsH8, and FtsH5/VAR1 are greatly reduced in thf1 compared with those in the wild type, but are higher in clpR4‐3 thf1 than in thf1. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that FtsH expression in clpR4‐3 thf1 is regulated post‐transcriptionally. In addition, a number of ribosomal proteins are less expressed in the clpR4‐3 proteome, which is in line with the reduced levels of rRNAs in clpR4‐3. Furthermore, knocking out PRPL11, one of the most downregulated proteins in the clpR4‐3 thf1 proteome, rescues the leaf variegation phenotype of the thf1 and var2 mutants. These results provide insights into molecular mechanisms by which the virescent clpR4‐3 mutation suppresses leaf variegation of thf1 and var2.
Papillomavirus‐associated multicentric squamous cell carcinoma in situ in a cat: an unusually extensive and progressive case with subsequent metastasis
Authors: Ravens Philippa A. , Vogelnest Linda J. , Tong Lydia J. , Demos Lauren E. , Bennett Mark D. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundMulticentric squamous cell carcinoma in situ (MSCCIS) is an uncommon cutaneous disease of middle‐aged to older cats, with some cases being linked to papillomavirus infection. The disease course is usually benign. Initial eruption of multifocal, pigmented, hyperkeratotic plaques is typical, with gradual progression to thickly crusted ulcerative lesions.AnimalA 5‐year‐old male neutered Devon rex cat in apparent good health was initially presented with a 16 month history of over 40 nonpruritic dorsally distributed hyperpigmented patches. Lesions progressed gradually over 2 years to larger, more pigmented, crusted plaques and ulcerated nodules. At 7 years of age the cat developed neurological signs and systemic illness and was euthanized.Methods and resultsInitial skin histopathology revealed discrete regions of epidermal and follicular epithelial hyperplasia, with moderate numbers of apoptotic keratinocytes, and mild focal epithelial dysplasia. A diagnosis of erythema multiforme was considered; feline herpesvirus‐1 immunohistochemistry was negative. Repeat histopathology 22 months after initial presentation confirmed MSCCIS with foci of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Postmortem examination 1 month later revealed SCC within the thoracic wall, lungs and vessels of the thoracic spinal cord and heart base, presumed to be metastases from skin lesions. Fluorescent in situ hybridization of initial and later histopathology samples was positive for Felis domesticus papillomavirus type 2. Immunoreactivity of p16 was prominent within early and late cutaneous lesions and internal SCCs.ConclusionsThis case represents an unusual presentation of papillomavirus‐associated MSCCIS with extensive lesions, atypical initial histopathology and progression to SCC with distant metastases.
Dacryocystography in a cat with orbital pneumatosis
Authors: Meomartino Leonardo , Pasolini Maria P. , Lamagna Francesco , Santangelo Bruna , Mennonna Giuseppina , Della Valle Giovanni , Lamagna Barbara 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA 2‐year‐old neutered male European short‐haired cat was presented for a persistent discharge from the scar of previous left eye enucleation, performed 6 months prior by the referring veterinarian. A surgical exploration of the orbit was performed and retained nictitating membrane glandular and conjunctival tissues were removed. Eleven days later, the cat developed an orbital pneumatosis caused by retrograde movement of air through a patent nasolacrimal system and diagnosed by survey radiographic examination of the skull. Nasolacrimal system patency was assessed by dacryocystography performed by injection of iodinated contrast medium under pressure into the orbital cavity. Computed tomography dacryocystography confirmed the radiographic findings. The condition resolved following dacryocystography, possibly as an inflammatory response to the contrast medium. To our knowledge, this is the first case of orbital pneumatosis reported in a cat.
Reducing Hospital Stay in Neonates with Suspected Sepsis
Authors: Somauroo James , Nyika Linda 
Published: October 2013

Abstract'Suspected sepsis' is one of the most commonly made diagnoses on any neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Most neonates are discharged after 48 hours following negative blood culture results, thus inefficient analyses of these samples leads to delays in discharge. A baseline study demonstrated that, on average, discharge was delayed by four hours per neonate, with a range of up to 21 hours, with the longest delays being incurred as samples were not being analysed when they were received by the microbiology department out of hours. Furthermore, problems were due to increase, as the microbiology department was imminently moving to another hospital. In the short term, samples were couriered to another microbiology department, which incubates them overnight. The long-term solution is for the department to purchase their own in-house analyser, for which a business case was developed, presented, and agreed to by the lead neonatal consultant. Unfortunately, the Trust does not believe the venture is financially viable at present.
Can a multi-factorial assessment and interventional programme decrease inpatient falls in an elderly care ward?
Authors: Gibson Rebecca SJ , Heaney April , Hull Karen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEach year approximately 282,000 inpatient falls are reported to the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA). A significant number result in death, or moderate to severe injury. (1) Research shows that falls may be reduced by 18 to 31% through multi-factorial assessments and interventions. (4) If a fall cannot be prevented, the patient should receive a prompt and effective response to achieve the best possible recovery and avoidance of further falls.Using 'Plan-Do-Study-Act' learning cycles, our aims were to decrease the inpatient falls rate in an Elderly Care ward by 20% and to improve post-fall care. A baseline audit reviewed incident report forms to establish the number of falls per 1000 patient bed days for one calendar year; the baseline falls rate was 14.70 falls per 1000 bed days between November 2010 and October 2011. A care plan to highlight at-risk patients and allow adaptation of care, a 'walking-stick' incentive poster to encourage nursing staff, and post-fall guidelines, were introduced. Feedback sessions with ward staff and a re-audit were organised subsequent to each intervention. Completion of the care plan was monitored to improve compliance. A re-audit at one year was conducted to assess impact.Feedback was positive regarding the interventions. Monthly monitoring of care plans achieved a compliance rate of 89% and highlighted up to 81% of patients were considered high-risk. The inpatient falls rate, re-audited at one year, was 12.44 falls / 1000 patient bed days, November 2011 to October 2012; a 15.4% reduction.This study demonstrates a 15.4% reduction in falls through use of a multi-factorial assessment and care plan and an incentive poster. As we are yet to obtain our initial goal of 20%, implementation and re-audit is ongoing.