bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal Melanosis
Authors: Cordes Susan , Halum Stacey , Hansen Lauren 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveLaryngeal melanosis (LM) is an unusual condition. Little is known about its clinical significance. To learn more about this unusual disorder, we prospectively gathered data on a series of patients with LM and compared the data with the summarized findings from the cases currently available in the literature.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTwo hundred fifty‐five–bed urban indigent care hospital located on a university medical center campus.Subjects and MethodsDemographics, history, examination findings, and concurrent head and neck disorders were prospectively recorded for all patients with LM who presented to our institution between 2005 and 2012.ResultsEighteen patients with laryngeal melanosis were enrolled. All patients are African American, and all have a history of chronic tobacco use. The most common presenting symptom was dysphonia, and examination most often revealed flat, pigmented lesions of the larynx. Nine patients (50%) had concomitant squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. There are 19 previous cases of laryngeal melanosis reported by 12 different authors, with a concomitant carcinoma rate of 26%. Our patients are similar in age and are all African American, with a greater percentage of women and greater rate of concomitant carcinoma. Our study represents the single largest case series of laryngeal melanosis and is more complete given the prospective nature of the data collection.ConclusionLaryngeal melanosis is an unusual disorder that is associated with chronic tobacco use. Clinicians should be aware of the association between laryngeal melanosis and squamous cell carcinoma and perform a thorough evaluation for concomitant carcinoma.
Airway Management following Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Wilson Meghan N. , Bergeron Lauren M. , Kakade Anagha , Simon Lawrence M. , Caspi Joseph , Pettitt Timothy , Kluka Evelyn A. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives(1) Review airway management in pediatric patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery (CTS); (2) determine the incidence of airway‐related complications of CTS in this population.DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care children's hospital.PatientsChildren undergoing CTS over a 4‐year period.MethodsPatients who underwent CTS at a single, tertiary care, children's hospital between June 1, 2007, and May 31, 2011, were retrospectively reviewed; those <18 years who had open CTS were included. Statistical analysis examined relationships of intubation duration, complications, and need for tracheotomy while comparing patient characteristics, comorbidities, and types of surgery.ResultsEight hundred seventy‐five primary surgeries in 745 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean postoperative intubation duration was 7.2 days and median 3 days. On univariate analysis, significantly longer postoperative intubation requirements were found in patients younger in age, with congenital comorbidities or prematurity, with preoperative ventilation requirements, and those with early postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis found younger age, presence of congenital comorbidities, preoperative intubation requirements, and early postoperative complications each lengthen ventilation requirements. Four patients developed vocal cord paralysis and 5 developed phrenic nerve palsy. Nineteen patients required tracheotomy.ConclusionsIn this large cohort, CTS in the pediatric population is associated with few long‐term or permanent airway‐related complications. Patients who are younger in age and those with congenital comorbidities, preoperative ventilation requirements, or early postoperative complications required longer periods of postoperative intubation.
Malpractice in Otology
Authors: Blake Danielle M. , Svider Peter F. , Carniol Eric T. , Mauro Andrew C. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Jyung Robert W. 
Published: July 2013

Objective(1) Analyze otologic procedural malpractice litigation in the United States of America. (2) Discuss ways to prevent future malpractice litigation.Study Design and SettingCase series with record review.MethodsThe study is a case series with review of court records pertaining to otologic procedures using the Westlaw legal database. The phrase medical malpractice was searched with terms related to otology and neurotology obtained from the AAO‐HNS website.ResultsOf the 47 claims that met inclusion criteria, 63.8% were decided in the physician's favor, 25.5% were decided in the plaintiff's favor (average payment $446,697), and 10.6% were settled out of court (average payment $372,607). Cerumen removal was the most common procedure leading to complaint (21.3%) and the most likely procedure to lead to payment (50.0%). Hearing loss was the most common injury claimed among all cases (53.2%) and resulted in a high proportion of cases that led to payment (40.0%). Other common alleged injuries were facial nerve injury (27.7%), tympanic membrane perforation (23.4%), need for additional surgery (42.6%), and lack of informed consent (31.9%). In addition, cases resulting from acoustic neuroma or stapedectomy resulted in higher payments to the plaintiffs (average $3,498,597 and $2,733,000, respectively).ConclusionsMalpractice trials were resolved in the defendant's favor in the majority of cases. Cerumen removal was the most common procedure leading to complaint and the procedure most likely to result in payment. Hearing loss was the most common injury cited. Payment was highest in acoustic neuroma and stapedectomy cases.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections in the Treatment of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Authors: Kesikburun Serdar , Tan Arif Kenan , Yılmaz Bilge , Yaşar Evren , Yazıcıoğlu Kamil 
Published: July 2013

Background: Rotator cuff tendinopathy (RCT) is a significant source of disability and loss of work. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been suggested to be beneficial in the treatment of RCT. Purpose: To investigate the effect of PRP injections on pain and shoulder functions in patients with chronic RCT. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 40 patients, 18 to 70 years of age, with (1) a history of shoulder pain for >3 months during overhead-throwing activities, (2) MRI findings of RCT or partial tendon ruptures, and (3) a minimum 50% reduction in shoulder pain with subacromial injections of an anesthetic were included in this placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomized into a PRP group (n = 20) or placebo group (n = 20). Patients received an ultrasound-guided injection into the subacromial space that contained either 5 mL of PRP prepared from autologous venous blood or 5 mL of saline solution. All patients underwent a 6-week standard exercise program. Outcome measures (Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index [WORC], Shoulder Pain and Disability Index [SPADI], 100-mm visual analog scale [VAS] of shoulder pain with the Neer test, and shoulder range of motion) were assessed at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks and 1 year after injection. Results: Comparison of the patients revealed no significant difference between the groups in WORC, SPADI, and VAS scores at 1-year follow-up ( P = .174, P = .314, and P = .904, respectively). Similar results were found at other assessment points. Within each group, the WORC, SPADI, and VAS scores showed significant improvements compared with baseline at all time points ( P < .001). In the range of motion measures, there were no significant group × time interactions. Conclusion: At 1-year follow-up, a PRP injection was found to be no more effective in improving quality of life, pain, disability, and shoulder range of motion than placebo in patients with chronic RCT who were treated with an exercise program.
Metatarsal Shortening Osteotomy for Decompression of Morton’s Neuroma
Authors: Park Eui Hyun , Kim Yong Sang , Lee Ho Jin , Koh Yong Gon 
Published: July 2013

Background: Among the various operative treatments of Morton’s neuroma, deep transverse metatarsal ligament (DTML) release has been performed for decompression of neuroma. However, the main lesion of Morton’s neuroma is located between the metatarsal head and the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint and more distal than the DTML. Hence we performed the metatarsal shortening osteotomy along with DTML release for decompression of neuroma, and investigated the clinical outcomes of it and compared the outcomes with those of DTML release alone. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 84 consecutive patients (86 neuromas) who underwent surgery for a Morton’s neuroma between February 2008 and March 2011. The first 46 neuroma (group A) were treated with DTML release alone, and the next 40 neuroma (group B) underwent the metatarsal shortening osteotomy with DTML release. Clinical outcomes were compared between the groups and the associations between clinical outcomes and neuroma size were assessed. Results: Clinical outcomes were significantly improved after surgery in both groups but there were significant differences in clinical outcomes between the 2 groups at final follow-up. There were significant correlations between neuroma size and outcomes in group A, whereas no significant correlations were found between neuroma size and outcomes in group B. Conclusion: The metatarsal shortening osteotomy with DTML release resulted in better outcomes compared with DTML release alone in patients with Morton’s neuromas. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Association between multiple sclerosis risk-associated SNPs and relapse and disability – a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Rui , Taylor Bruce V , Simpson Steve , Charlesworth Jac , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Pittas Fotini , Dwyer Terry , van der Mei Ingrid 
Published: July 2013

Background: The modulating effects of the multiple sclerosis (MS) risk-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on MS clinical course are not well established. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to investigate whether known MS risk-associated SNPs were associated with clinical course, and whether these SNPs modified the 25(OH)D-relapse association. Methods: Using a prospective cohort of 141 participants with relapsing–remitting MS and genotype data followed between 2002 and 2005, genotype-vitamin D interactions and the genetic predictors of relapse were assessed using survival analysis, and genetic predictors of 25(OH)D and disability progression were evaluated by multilevel mixed-effects linear regression. Results: While no SNP reached statistical significance after multiple testing, five SNPs were associated with relapse, with significant cumulative genotype risk effects and two demonstrated significant allele dose-response. Two SNPs altered the 25(OH)D-relapse association with significant allele dose-response. Five SNPs modified levels of 25(OH)D, with significant cumulative genotype ‘risk’ effect, and three demonstrated significant allele dose-response. We found no consistent evidence for an association between any SNPs and disability. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence for an association between known MS risk-associated SNPs and relapse. Our findings indicate gene-environment interactions may be an important mechanism on MS clinical course, and provide support for the role of vitamin D in MS relapse.
Genetic variation in the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 gene (DDAH1) is related to asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels, but not to endothelium-dependent vasodilation
Authors: Lind Lars , Ingelsson Erik , Kumar Jitender , Syvänen Ann-Christine , Axelsson Tomas , Teerlink Tom 
Published: July 2013

Objectives: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. The breakdown of ADMA is mainly governed by the activity of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs). We investigated if genetic variation in the DDAH1 and DDAH2 genes were related to ADMA and l-arginine levels, as well as measures of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Methods: In 1016 70-year-old participants of the population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study (50% women), we measured endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) using the invasive forearm technique with acetylcholine given in the brachial artery and the brachial artery ultrasound technique with measurement of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Plasma l-arginine and ADMA levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and 55 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DDAH1 and DDAH2 genes were genotyped. Results: Several of the genotypes in the DDAH1 gene were highly significantly related to ADMA levels ( p = 10−7 at best), but not to the l-arginine levels. No relationships between the genotypes in the DDAH2 gene and ADMA or l-arginine levels were found. None of the DDAH1 genotypes being closely related to ADMA levels were significantly related to EDV or FMD. Neither were any of the DDAH2 genotypes closely related to any of the measurements of vasoreactivity. Conclusion: A close relationship was seen between SNPs in the DDAH1, but not DDAH2, gene and ADMA levels. However, variation in those genes was not related to measures of EDV in this elderly population.
Dissolution behaviour of soil kaolinites in acidic solutions
Authors: Khawmee K. , Suddhiprakarn A. , Kheoruenromne I. , Bibi I. , Singh B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHighly weathered soils of the tropics and subtropics commonly have kaolinitedominated clay fractions. Under acidic conditions prevailing in these soils kaolinite dissolution occurs, contributing to the high levels of soluble Al in these soils. This study evaluates the dissolution behaviour of kaolinites from subsurface horizons of highly weathered soils from Thailand, along with a soil kaolinite from Western Australia (WA kaolinite) and Georgia kaolinite (KGa-2). Kaolinite-dominated clay fractions were isolated from soils by sedimentation and chemically treated to remove iron oxides. The dissolution rate of kaolinites was measured in 0.01 M NaCl as a function of pH (1–4; HCl) at 25±1°C using non-stirred flow-through reactors. Kaolinite dissolution rates were calculated from the release of Al and Si at the steady state. In most of the experiments and at all pH values, the release of both Si and Al underwent a distinct transition from an initial period of rapid release to significantly slower release at the steady state. Aluminium and Si concentrations at the steady state were higher for soil kaolinites than the reference sample (KGa-2). At the steady state the dissolution of all kaolinites was stoichiometric except for the soil kaolinites from Thailand at pH 4, where the Al/Si ratio was well below the stoichiometric ratio. Log dissolution rate (RSi) of soil kaolinites ranged from –13.75 to –12.51, with the dissolution rate increasing significantly with decreasing solution pH. However, the dissolution rate was similar or pH independent between pH 2 and 3, which is the pH range of the point of zero net charge (PZNC) for both soil and reference kaolinites. The dissolution rate of soil kaolinite was significantly higher than the KGa-2 sample at pH < 3. The results obtained on kaolinite samples from highly weathered soils show that in highly acidic systems kaolinite is a source of soluble Al. Soil kaolinites with poorly ordered small crystals dissolve faster than better crystalline reference kaolinite (KGa-2) with larger crystals.
Alteration of glassy volcanic rocks to Naand Ca-smectites in the Neogene basin of Manisa, western Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Çiflikli M. , Çiftçi E. , Bayhan H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAlkali- and Ca-rich smectites occur in association with Neogene lacustrine sedimentary rocks and high-K calc-alkaline volcanic rocks with compositions ranging from andesite to rhyolite in western Anatolia (Turkey). Major clay occurrences are associated predominantly with the Foça and Akçaköy ignimbrites and with the ignimbrites within the Rahmanlar pyroclastics. Experimental studies indicate that the main clay minerals present are Na- and Ca-smectite and subordinate illite, associated with silica polymorphs, trace clinoptilolite and chlorite. The authigenic minerals formed by weathering and metasomatic reactions between hot volcanic material and lake water. Smectite was produced as a result of argillic alteration of the volcanic glass and feldspars of the ignimbrites, Rahmanlar pyroclastics and reworked volcaniclastic sediments through chemical weathering and dissolution-precipitation processes and formed as authigenic phases both in terrestrial and nearby shallow lacustrine environments under prevalent humid or semi-humid climate during the Neogene.
HIV-1 infection of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vivo in humanized mice
Authors: Nixon Christopher C. , Vatakis Dimitrios N. , Reichelderfer Scott N. , Dixit Dhaval , Kim Sohn G. , Uittenbogaart Christel H. , Zack Jerome A. 
Published: July 2013

Key PointsSome CD34+CD38+ intermediate hematopoietic progenitor cells express HIV-1 entry receptors and are susceptible to direct infection by HIV. Blood progenitors from HIV-exposed, humanized BLT mice show impaired hematopoietic potential and give rise to progeny that harbor provirus.
HTR4 gene structure and altered expression in the developing lung
Authors: Hodge Emily , Nelson Carl P , Miller Suzanne , Billington Charlotte K , Stewart Ceri E , Swan Caroline , Malarstig Anders , Henry Amanda P , Gowland Catherine , Melén Erik , Hall Ian P , Sayers Ian 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (5-HT4R) gene (HTR4) associated with lung function. The aims of this study were to i) investigate the expression profile of HTR4 in adult and fetal lung tissue and cultured airway cells, ii) further define HTR4 gene structure and iii) explore the potential functional implications of key SNPs using a bioinformatic approach.

Methods
Following reverse transcription (RT)-PCR in human brain, 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5′ RACE) was used to examine the exonic structure of HTR4 at the 5′ end. Quantitative (Q)-PCR was used to quantify HTR4 mRNA expression in total RNA from cultured airway cells and whole lung tissue. Publically available gene microarray data on fetal samples of estimated gestational age 7–22 weeks were mined for HTR4 expression. Immunohistochemistry (IHC; in adult and fetal lung tissue) and a radioligand binding assay (in cultured airway cells) were used to analyze 5­HT4R protein expression.

Results
IHC in adult lung, irrespective of the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), suggested low level expression of 5-HT4R protein, which was most prominent in alveolar pneumocytes. There was evidence of differential 5-HT4R protein levels during gestation in fetal lung, which was also evident in gene expression microarray data. HTR4 mRNA expression, assessed by Q-PCR, was <0.5% relative to brain in total adult lung tissue and in human airway smooth muscle (HASM) and bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) derived from adult donors. Radioligand binding experiments also indicated that HBEC and HASM cells did not express a significant 5-HT4R population. 5′ RACE in brain identified a novel N-terminal variant, containing an extended N-terminal sequence. The functional significance of key HTR4 SNPs was investigated using the encyclopedia of DNA elements consortium (ENCODE) dataset. These analyses identified multiple alterations in regulatory motifs for transcription factors implicated in lung development, including Foxp1.

Conclusions
Taken together, these data suggest a role for HTR4 in lung development, which may at least in part explain the genetic association with lung function.
KEGG orthology-based annotation of the predicted proteome of Acropora digitifera: ZoophyteBase - an open access and searchable database of a coral genome
Authors: Dunlap Walter C , Starcevic Antonio , Baranasic Damir , Diminic Janko , Zucko Jurica , Gacesa Ranko , H van Oppen Madeleine J , Hranueli Daslav , Cullum John , Long Paul F 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundContemporary coral reef research has firmly established that a genomic approach is urgently needed to better understand the effects of anthropogenic environmental stress and global climate change on coral holobiont interactions. Here we present KEGG orthology-based annotation of the complete genome sequence of the scleractinian coralAcropora digitiferaand provide the first comprehensive view of the genome of a reef-building coral by applying advanced bioinformatics.DescriptionSequences from the KEGG database of protein function were used to construct hidden Markov models. These models were used to search the predicted proteome ofA. digitiferato establish complete genomic annotation. The annotated dataset is published in ZoophyteBase, an open access format with different options for searching the data. A particularly useful feature is the ability to use a Google-like search engine that links query words to protein attributes. We present features of the annotation that underpin the molecular structure of key processes of coral physiology that include (1) regulatory proteins of symbiosis, (2) planula and early developmental proteins, (3) neural messengers, receptors and sensory proteins, (4) calcification and Ca2+-signalling proteins, (5) plant-derived proteins, (6) proteins of nitrogen metabolism, (7) DNA repair proteins, (8) stress response proteins, (9) antioxidant and redox-protective proteins, (10) proteins of cellular apoptosis, (11) microbial symbioses and pathogenicity proteins, (12) proteins of viral pathogenicity, (13) toxins and venom, (14) proteins of the chemical defensome and (15) coral epigenetics.ConclusionsWe advocate that providing annotation in an open-access searchable database available to the public domain will give an unprecedented foundation to interrogate the fundamental molecular structure and interactions of coral symbiosis and allow critical questions to be addressed at the genomic level based on combined aspects of evolutionary, developmental, metabolic, and environmental perspectives.