bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed first otoacoustic emissions test decreases failure on neonatal hearing screening after caesarean delivery
Authors: Smolkin Tatiana , Awawdeh Sharehan , Blazer Shraga , Mick Orna , Makhoul Imad R 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimCaesarean delivery (CD) was associated with a 3.2‐fold higher failure on 1st otoacoustic emissions (OAE) hearing test. We aimed to verify whether postponing 1st OAE beyond 48 h in CD infants decreases hearing screening failure.MethodsWe compared two groups of CD infants as to failure on 1st OAE test: early‐1st OAE (n = 560): 1st OAE at 12‐ to 48‐h‐olds and late‐1st OAE (n = 566): 1st OAE at 48‐ to 132‐h‐olds.ResultsCompared with early‐1st OAE group, the failure rate among late‐1st OAE infants was significantly sixfold lower (20.5% vs. 3.4%), with sixfold lower need for repeated tests: 205 vs. 34 tests/1000 CD neonates (p < 0.001). The failure rate decreased with increasing age in both groups (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis: timing of 1st OAE (late vs. early) was significantly associated with failure on 1st OAE. Multivariable analysis: late (48–132 h) 1st OAE test was associated with a 7.7‐fold lower risk for failure of 1st OAE, OR (95% CI): 0.13 (0.08–0.21).ConclusionAmong CD infants, the risk for failure in late‐1st OAE group (>48 h) was 7.7‐fold lower, with a sixfold lower need for repeated hearing tests. Delaying 1st OAE in CD infants beyond 48 h of age (preferably between 48 and 132 h) decreases neonatal OAE screening failure.
Clinical progress in the two years following a course of exclusive enteral nutrition in 109 paediatric patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Cameron F. L. , Gerasimidis K. , Papangelou A. , Missiou D. , Garrick V. , Cardigan T. , Buchanan E. , Barclay A. R. , McGrogan P. , Russell R. K. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundExclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is an effective first line treatment for active paediatric Crohn's disease (CD).AimTo examine the effect of EEN on short‐ and long‐term clinical outcome together with anthropometric measurements.MethodsRetrospective case‐note review in newly diagnosed CD (<16 years) who completed 8 weeks of EEN. Demographics, anthropometry, disease characteristics and inflammatory markers were collected at EEN initiation and at 1, 2, 6, 12 & 24 months post treatment initiation. EEN response was determined by a patient global assessment.ResultsOne hundred and nine patients were included (Males 68; Median age: 11.2 years). After 8 weeks EEN, 65 were in remission, 32 improved and 12 had no improvement. By 4 weeks, mean weight/BMI z‐score (s.d.) increased (P < 0.02) and between 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.05). Baseline inflammatory markers all improved significantly by week 4 (albumin, CRP and platelets; all P < 0.01) and ESR (P < 0.00001). 63/109(58%) relapsed during follow‐up. 44/63(70%) patients completed a second course of EEN with similar response rate, but lower weight gain (3.3 vs. 5.1 kg, P < 0.05). Height z‐score did not change significantly over the 24 months. Introduction of azathioprine within 6 months of diagnosis did not improve height outcomes at 24 months.ConclusionsWeight and BMI z‐score improved with EEN and changes are sustained to 2 years, but height z‐score did not. Seventy per cent of patients who relapsed during 2‐year follow‐up managed a 2nd course of EEN. The optimal therapeutic strategies for length of EEN course and to improve linear growth are awaited.
A fibrinogen concentrate Haemocomplettan® (Riastap®) or a Factor XIII concentrate Fibrogammin® combined with a mini dose of tranexamic acid can reverse the fibrin instability to fibrinolysis induced by thrombin‐ or FXa‐inhibitor
Authors: He Shu , Johnsson Hans , Zabczyk Michal , Hultenby Kjell , Cao Honglie , Blombäck Margareta 
Published: January 2013

SummaryTo assess whether Haemocomplettan® (fibrinogen concentrate) or Fibrogammin® (Factor XIII concentrate) can be used to manage bleeding complications of antithrombotic treatment, we examined a normal plasma pool spiked with AR‐H067637 (thrombin inhibitor) or rivaroxaban (activated factor X‐inhibitor), to which one of the concentrates was added. Fibrin network permeability (Ks), images of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Clot Lysis Time (CLT) were examined. Both inhibitors increased the Ks levels, which could be fully or partly reversed by Haemocomplettan® or Fibrogammin® respectively. However, these modified clots with tightened network remained non‐resistant to fibrinolysis, shown as unaffected CLT. Tranexamic acid at a very low concentration (0·4 mg/ml) aided the two concentrates to stabilize the clots, where the prolongation of CLT was more pronounced for a lower dose than a higher dose of Haemocomplettan® while Fibrogammin® brought the greatest delay to CLT out of all additions. These observations were partly supported by SEM images, displaying alterations of fibrin fibre arrangement known to influence fibirinolysis. The in vitro data suggest that Haemocomplettan® or Fibrogammin® given in combination with a mini dose of tranexamic acid may slow down the natural clearance of fibrin clot by plasmin and thus prevent patients from haemorrhagic complications during antithrombotic therapy.
Maternal postnatal mental health and later emotional–behavioural development of children: the mediating role of parenting behaviour
Authors: Giallo R. , Cooklin A. , Wade C. , D'Esposito F. , Nicholson J. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundMaternal postnatal mental health difficulties have been associated with poor outcomes for children. One mechanism by which parent mental health can impact on children's outcomes is via its effects on parenting behaviour.MethodThe longitudinal relationships between maternal postnatal distress, parenting warmth, hostility and child well‐being at age seven were examined for 2200 families participating in a population‐based longitudinal study of Australian children.ResultsThe relationship between postnatal distress and children's later emotional–behavioural development was mediated by parenting hostility, but not parenting warmth, even after accounting for concurrent maternal mental health. Postnatal distress was more strongly associated with lower parenting warmth for mothers without a past history of depression compared with mothers with a past history of depression.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the contribution of early maternal well‐being to later parenting and child outcomes, highlighting the importance of mental health and parenting support in the early parenting years. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
An investigation of the impact of regular use of the Wii Fit to improve motor and psychosocial outcomes in children with movement difficulties: a pilot study
Authors: Hammond J. , Jones V. , Hill E. L. , Green D. , Male I. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundChildren with Developmental Co‐ordination Disorder (DCD) experience poor motor and psychosocial outcomes. Interventions are often limited within the healthcare system, and little is known about how technology might be used within schools or homes to promote the motor skills and/or psychosocial development of these children. This study aimed to evaluate whether short, regular school‐based sessions of movement experience using a commercially available home video game console (Nintendo's Wii Fit) would lead to benefits in both motor and psychosocial domains in children with DCD.MethodsA randomized crossover controlled trial of children with movement difficulties/DCD was conducted. Children were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 10) or comparison (n = 8) group. The intervention group spent 10 min thrice weekly for 1 month using Wii Fit during the lunch break, while the comparison group took part in their regular Jump Ahead programme. Pre‐ and post‐intervention assessments considered motor proficiency, self‐perceived ability and satisfaction and parental assessment of emotional and behavioural problems.ResultsSignificant gains were seen in motor proficiency, the child's perception of his/her motor ability and reported emotional well‐being for many, but not all children.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence to support the use of the Wii Fit within therapeutic programmes for children with movement difficulties. This simple, popular intervention represents a plausible method to support children's motor and psychosocial development. It is not possible from our data to say which children are most likely to benefit from such a programme and particularly what the dose and duration should be. Further research is required to inform across these and other questions regarding the implementation of virtual reality technologies in therapeutic services for children with movement difficulties.
‘Everybody just thinks I'm weird’: a qualitative exploration of the psychosocial experiences of adolescents with Tourette syndrome
Authors: Wadman R. , Tischler V. , Jackson G. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests Tourette syndrome (TS) can have a negative impact on quality of life. To date, little research has examined the perspectives of young people with this condition in depth.MethodsSix 14‐ to 16‐year‐olds with TS took part in semi‐structured interviews to explore the perceived impact of this condition on self and on relationships with others. The transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsThe young people felt that TS was a constant presence in their lives, but one they have learnt to cope with well. Most had developed supportive friendships but encountered problems when interacting with the wider peer network. Specific concerns around meeting new people and future employment were voiced.ConclusionsThe adolescents described specific ways in which TS affects quality of life and social interactions, and the effort it can take to cope effectively with this condition.
Prior use of immunomodulatory drugs improves the clinical outcome of endoscopic balloon dilation for intestinal stricture in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Honzawa Yusuke , Nakase Hiroshi , Matsuura Minoru , Higuchi Hirokazu , Toyonaga Takahiko , Matsumura Kayoko , Yoshino Takuya , Okazaki Kazuichi , Chiba Tsutomu 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundEndoscopic balloon dilation is a promising procedure to improve symptoms of intestinal stricture in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). However, the long‐term efficacy of endoscopic balloon dilation combined with immunomodulatory drugs remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether prior use of immunomodulatory drugs affects the clinical outcome of endoscopic balloon dilation for intestinal stricture in CD.Patients and MethodsBetween January 2004 and December 2011, 83 dilations were carried out in 25 patients with CD. Median follow‐up period was 46 months. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their medications at the first endoscopic balloon dilation: early immunomodulatory drug‐induction group (early IM‐induction group) in which patients were already treated with immunomodulatory drugs before the dilation; and post‐immunomodulatory drug‐induction group (post‐IM‐induction group) in which patients were not yet treated withimmunomodulatory drugs before dilation. We compared the long‐term cumulative non‐surgical rate and the mean number of dilation procedures per patient between early and post‐IM‐induction groups to clarify the influence of prior use of immunomodulatory drugs on the clinical outcome of endoscopic balloon dilation.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the mean number of dilation procedures per patient between the early IM‐induction and post‐IM‐induction groups (P = 0.04), although no significant difference in the cumulative non‐surgical rate was observed between the two groups (P = 0.14).ConclusionPrior use of immunomodulatory drugs may improve the clinical outcome of endoscopic balloon dilation for intestinal stricture in CD.
Relation between bile acid reflux into the stomach and the risk of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia: A multicenter study of 2283 cases
Authors: Matsuhisa Takeshi , Arakawa Tetsuo , Watanabe Tetsuo , Tokutomi Tadashi , Sakurai Kouichi , Okamura Seisuke , Chono Shinji , Kamada Tomoari , Sugiyama Atsushi , Fujimura Yoshinori , Matsuzawa Kenji , Ito Masanori , Yasuda Mitsugu , Ota Hiroyoshi , Haruma Ken 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundThe relationship between bile acid reflux into the stomach and the risk of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia is still not well understood. Towards obtaining a better understanding, concentrations of bile acids were measured.Patients and MethodsThis study was carried out with the participation of 14 facilities in Japan, and 2283 samples were collected. The subjects with bile acid concentrations equal to or higher than the limit of detection were divided into four groups of equal size (group A: 0–25%, group B: 26–50%, group C: 51–75%, and group D: 76–100%). Thus, including the control group, there were five groups in total. The odds that the control group would develop atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia was set as 1,and the odds ratios (OR) in groups A, B, C and D were calculated based on the odds in the control group.ResultsRegarding the development of atrophic gastritis, no increased risk was observed in either the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐positive or ‐negative cases. The OR for the development of intestinal metaplasia were significantly higher, for both cases with and without H. pylori infection, in group D.ConclusionHigh concentrations of bile acid seem to be associated with an elevated risk of intestinal metaplasia.
Relationship of Multidirectional Myocardial Strain with Radial Thickening and Ejection Fraction and Impact of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Study in a Community‐Based Cohort
Authors: Russo Cesare , Jin Zhezhen , Homma Shunichi , Rundek Tatjana , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Sacco Ralph L. , Di Tullio Marco R. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) systolic strain provides additional prognostic value to LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall motion analysis. However, the relationship between myocardial multidirectional strain and LVEF, and the effect of LV hypertrophy on this relationship, are not completely understood especially in unselected populations.MethodsLV global longitudinal (εL) and circumferential (εC) systolic strain analysis was performed by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in 215 participants from a community‐based study. LV radial wall thickening was measured as global radial strain (εR), and LVEF was assessed by biplane Simpson's method.ResultsεR was significantly associated with εC (β = −0.56, P < 0.01) and with εL (β = −0.18, P < 0.01). The contribution of εL to εR was especially evident in subjects with lower εC and in presence of LV hypertrophy (β = −0.30, P < 0.01). εL and εC were significantly associated with LVEF (β = −0.36 and β = −0.49, both P < 0.01) independent of LV mass and other confounders, and their interaction significantly improved the prediction of LVEF (R2‐change = 0.14) but not of εR (R2‐change = 0.002).ConclusionsεR is mainly related to εC with a smaller contribution of εL, which becomes especially evident in subjects with lower εC and in presence of LV hypertrophy. Therefore, radial thickening may not detect subclinical LV longitudinal function reduction in normal ventricles and when εC is preserved. While a reduction in εL has a limited impact on εR, it exerts a greater effect on global LVEF, therefore for a more accurate LVEF prediction both εL and εC need to be considered.
Cross‐sensitization between cocaine and acute restraint stress is associated with sensitized dopamine but not glutamate release in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Garcia‐Keller C. , Martinez S. A. , Esparza M. A. , Bollati F. , Kalivas P. W. , Cancela L. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRepeated administration of psychostimulant drugs or stress can elicit a sensitized response to the stimulating and reinforcing properties of the drug. Here we explore the mechanisms in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) whereby an acute restraint stress augments the acute locomotor response to cocaine. This was accomplished by a combination of behavioral pharmacology, microdialysis measures of extracellular dopamine and glutamate, and Western blotting for GluR1 subunit of the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor (AMPAR). A single exposure to restraint stress 3 weeks before testing revealed that enduring locomotor sensitization to cocaine was paralleled by an increase in extracellular dopamine in the core, but not the shell subcompartment, of the NAc. Wistar rats pre‐exposed to acute stress showed increased basal levels of glutamate in the core, but the increase in glutamate by acute cocaine was blunted. The alterations in extracellular glutamate seem to be relevant, as blocking AMPAR by 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione microinjection into the core prevented both the behavioral cross‐sensitization and the augmented increase in cocaine‐induced extracellular dopamine. Further implicating glutamate, the locomotor response to AMPAR stimulation in the core was potentiated, but not in the shell of pre‐stressed animals, and this was accompanied by an increase in NAc GluR1 surface expression. This study provides evidence that the long‐term expression of restraint stress‐induced behavioral cross‐sensitization to cocaine recapitulates some mechanisms thought to underpin the sensitization induced by daily cocaine administration, and shows that long‐term neurobiological changes induced in the NAc by acute stress are consequential in the expression of cross‐sensitization to cocaine.
The short‐ and long‐term fitness consequences of natal dispersal in a wild bird population
Authors: Nevoux Marie , Arlt Debora , Nicoll Malcolm , Jones Carl , Norris Ken 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDispersal is a key process in population and evolutionary ecology. Individual decisions are affected by fitness consequences of dispersal, but these are difficult to measure in wild populations. A long‐term dataset on a geographically closed bird population, theMauritius kestrel, offers a rare opportunity to explore fitness consequences. Females dispersed further when the availability of local breeding sites was limited, whereas male dispersal correlated with phenotypic traits. Female but not male fitness was lower when they dispersed longer distances compared to settling close to home. These results suggest a cost of dispersal in females. We found evidence of both short‐ and long‐term fitness consequences of natal dispersal in females, including reduced fecundity in early life and more rapid aging in later life. Taken together, our results indicate that dispersal in early life might shape life history strategies in wild populations.
The biogeography of marine plankton traits
Authors: Barton Andrew D. , Pershing Andrew J. , Litchman Elena , Record Nicholas R. , Edwards Kyle F. , Finkel Zoe V. , Kiørboe Thomas , Ward Ben A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractChanges in marine plankton communities driven by environmental variability impact the marine food web and global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and other elements. To predict and assess these community shifts and their consequences, ecologists are increasingly investigating how the functional traits of plankton determine their relative fitness along environmental and biological gradients. Laboratory, field and modelling studies are adopting this trait‐based approach to map the biogeography of plankton traits that underlies variations in plankton communities. Here, we review progress towards understanding the regulatory roles of several key plankton functional traits, including cell size, N2‐fixation and mixotrophy among phytoplankton, and body size, ontogeny and feeding behaviour for zooplankton. The trait biogeographical approach sheds light on what structures plankton communities in the current ocean, as well as under climate change scenarios, and also allows for finer resolution of community function because community trait composition determines the rates of significant processes, including carbon export. Although understanding of trait biogeography is growing, uncertainties remain that stem, in part, from the paucity of observations describing plankton functional traits. Thus, in addition to recommending widespread adoption of the trait‐based approach, we advocate for enhanced collection, standardisation and dissemination of plankton functional trait data.
Quality assessment of tissue specimens for studies of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Stojadinovic Olivera , Landon Jennifer N. , Gordon Katherine A. , Pastar Irena , Escandon Julia , Vivas Alejandra , Maderal Andrea D. , Margolis David J. , Kirsner Robert S. , Tomic‐Canic Marjana 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent an important clinical problem resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Ongoing translational research studies strive to better understand molecular/cellular basis of DFU pathology that may lead to identification of novel treatment protocols. Tissue at the non‐healing wound edge has been identified as one of major contributors to the DFU pathophysiology that provides important tool for translational and clinical investigations. To evaluate quality of tissue specimens and their potential use, we obtained 81 DFU specimens from 25 patients and performed histological analyses, immunohistochemistry and RNA quality assessments. We found that depth of the collected specimen is important determinant of research utility, and only specimens containing a full‐thickness epidermis could be utilized for immunohistochemistry and RNA isolation. We showed that only two‐thirds of collected specimens could be utilized in translational studies. This attrition rate is important for designs of future studies involving tissue specimen collection from DFU.
Differential expression of natural killer cell activating receptors in blood versus bone marrow in patients with monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: Costello Régis T. , Boehrer Anne , Sanchez Carole , Mercier Delphine , Baier Céline , Le Treut Thérèse , Sébahoun Gérard 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIn monoclonal gammopathies (MG) and multiple myeloma (MM), normal natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) expression (NCR1/NKp46, NCR2/NKp44, NCR3/NKp30) is observed in natural killer (NK) cells. Nonetheless, except in plasma cell leukemia, few tumor plasmocytes are present in PB, while NK studies have been performed on peripheral blood (PB). For this reason we focused our attention on NK from bone marrow (BM). Our study demonstrates that the down‐regulation of NCR3/NKp30 is only detectable in NK from BM but not in PB, and shows a drastic decrease of both NKG2D and CD244/2B4/p38 expression in NK from BM in comparison with PB. In conclusion, our data more precisely describe the mechanism of immune escape of MG/MM from innate immunity since we show a drastic down regulation of 3 major activating NK receptors (NCR3/NKp30, NKG2D and CD244/2B4/p38) at the site of tumor, i.e BM, that was undetectable in PB. Further studies regarding immune regulatory drugs in MG/MM will imperiously require the assessment of immune cell status not only in PB but also in BM to obtain more relevant data regarding anti‐tumor efficacy.