bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereovision in patients with intermittent exotropia before and after surgical treatment
Authors: Boychuk I. , Tarak A. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo determine the effect of the initial stereovision on the outcome of intermittent exotropia surgical treatment.Methods20 patients with intermittent exotropia aged 10–21 years with visual acuity with correction 0.88 ± 0.29 who received surgical treatment were observed. Angle of deviation before surgery was 6–25 degrees, in average 15.7 ± 1.3 deg. for fare distance and near in average of 8.2 ± 2.18 deg, vertical component 0–3 degrees was observed in 65% of patients who underwent surgical treatment in accordance with generally accepted surgery tactic ‐ recessions and resections of extraocular muscles (Avetisov E. S.,1977, Von Noorden, E. Campos, 2002). Before and after treatment conventional ophthalmic examination and stereoacuity were determined using the Test Lung 2 in all patients.ResultsAs a result of treatment the angle of exotropia decreased in all patients and was in average 3.9 ± 1.9 deg for distance and 3.5 ± 1.4 deg for near, binocular vision was restored in 70% (14) of patients. Before treatment, only in 25% (5) of patients showed stereoacuity for near (200–600 arc sec) and 75% (11) did not show stereovision. After treatment, the stereoacuity for near increased and was detected in 65% of cases (13), compared to 5 that were before treatment (χ2 = 6.4, p = 0.01). Alignment of eyes and best stereoacuity (200–400 arc sec) was found after treatment and appeared in individuals who showed stereoacuity for near 200 arc sec before surgery and the nearest point of convergence less than 6 cm.ConclusionsPreliminary data suggest that in patients with intermittent form of exophoria good stereoacuity for near is a favorable factor for the prediction of treatment. In patients with orthotropic position of eyes stereoacuity after surgical treatment increased in 65% of cases.
Double depressor palsy after bilateral paramedian thalamus infarction
Authors: Kim S.J. , Lee S. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeWe report a rare case of double depressor palsy after bilateral paramedian thalamus infarction.MethodsCase Summary: A 47‐year‐old male presented with complaints of diplopia upon awakening. He had atrial fibrillation, mitral valve regurgitation, aortic valve regurgitation and a history of spleen infarction 1 year prior. His right eye was hypertrophic and right eye downgaze was limited unilaterally of equal degree in adduction and abduction. Right eye horizontal and upward movements were intact. Left eye movement was intact in all directions. Pupillary light reflex response and convergence test were normal. Nystagmus was not observed.ResultsThe patient was diagnosed with double depressor palsy of the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the brain showed an old infarction of the left thalamus and diffusion MRI showed acute infarction of the right thalamus. The patient's daily warfarin dose was 2 mg and was increased to 5 mg with cilostazol 75 mg two times a day. Seven weeks later, the patient's ocular movement revealed near normal muscle action and, subjectively, the patient was diplopia‐free.ConclusionsThe patient presented with bilateral thalamic lesions and was diagnosed double depressor palsy. The paramedian territory is supplied by the paramedian (or thalamoperforating) arteries which arise from the P1 segment of the PCA. The paramedian arteries often supply the rostral midbrain. Thus, bilateral thalamic infarctions can be presented with or without rostral midbrain lesions. The bilateral lesions of rostal midbrain including riMLF can cause double depressor palsy. However, the lesions of bilateral riMLF infarction were too small to be seen in imaging study. So there was no obvious lesion over the rostral midbrain. Otherwise, there may be another unknown vertical movement mechanism.
Corneal Analysis before Cataract Surgery; Significance as the Clue for Unexplained Visual Complaint After Surgery
Authors: Kim J. , Lee D. , Lee J.H. , Choi J.Y. , Yeom J.H. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeWe analyzed the corneal optics before cataract surgery to evaluate whether the corneal abnormalities are correlated with the unexplained visual complaints after successful surgery.MethodsSeventy‐eight eyes of forty‐seven patients who had undergone uncomplicated cataract surgery were enrolled in this retrospective study. The eyes were divided into group I which had visual complaint despite good visual acuity and group II without complaints after surgery. All included eyes had preoperative corneal data such as slit lamp bio‐microscopy, automatic keratometer, corneal topography (Orbscan II, Bausch & Lomb, Germany), and aberrometer (KR‐1W®, Topcon, Japan). We investigated whether there are any correlations between the corneal abnormalities and unexplained visual complaint by comparing the corneal parameters of two groups.ResultsThe mean patient age was 67.9 years old. The mean preoperative topographic astigmatism in 78 eyes was 0.98 diopter (D); 19.23% of eyes had irregular astigmatism. Mean corneal spherical aberration measured by KR‐1W was 0.31 ± 11.01 µm and corneal total higher order aberration (HOA) was 0.24 ± 0.17 µm. Total corneal HOA was correlated with irregularity index from topography. (P < 0.01, r = 0.548) No differences were shown between two groups in preoperative astigmatism. However, comparing the corneal parameters, irregularity index of 3 mm, 5 mm zone and corneal total HOA of group I were statistically significantly higher than those of group II respectively. (p < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsUnsatisfactory results associated with visual quality after cataract surgery might be originated from cornea irregularity and HOA. Evaluation of preoperative corneal optics is necessary to predict visual quality after surgery.
Is there a seasonal relationship with idiopathic anterior uveitis presentation?
Authors: Saunders D. , Schulz C. , Lockwood A. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTrigger mechanisms for relapse of idiopathic acute anterior uveitis (AAU) include psychological stresses and depression. Seasonality is known to affect other stress related diseases such as bipolar disorder, with depression episodes more common in autumn and winter. This study aims to investigate whether seasonality is related to AAU presentations.MethodsThe electronic patient records for the eye casualty department were retrospectively searched between January 2010 and December 2014 for all new presentations of AAU. Time of presentation was grouped into seasons. The p value was calculated from two tailed z scores of the season sample means.ResultsTwo thousand, five hundred and sixty‐three new presentations of AAU were recorded during the study period. Of these 634 (24.73%) presentations were in spring, 652 (25.44%) were in summer, 647 (25.24%) were in autumn and 630 (24.58%) were in winter. No temporal correlation was found for AAU presentations during either autumn (p = 0.86) or winter (p = 0.76).ConclusionsNo seasonal relationship with AAU presentations has been found. Stress as a trigger for AAU relapses is still not fully understood but associations are more likely to be found at the individual level.
Influence of electronic medical record implementation on provider retirement at a major academic medical centre
Authors: Crowson Matthew G. , Vail Christopher , Eapen Rose J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe push for electronic medical record (EMR) implementation is grounded on increasing efficiency and cost savings. Our objective was to investigate the effect of EMR implementation on provider attrition.MethodsWe completed a retrospective study investigating whether medical provider attrition, clinical MD or equivalent, coincided with EMR implementation. We analysed monthly provider attrition rates and mean age at attrition 24 months preceding the EMR ‘go‐live’ date at our institution and 12 months after.Results208 provider departures occurred between July 2011 and June 2014. The attrition categories were classified as ‘departure’ (n = 137, 65.9%), ‘emeritus’ (n = 30; 14.4%), ‘no specified reason’ (n = 26; 12.5%) and ‘not reappointed’ (n = 15; 7.2). The most common degree held by departing providers was ‘MD’ (n = 170; 81.7%). Most departures occurred in June 2013 (n = 24). The mean provider age at departure was 46.4 years ± 2.9 years for June 2012, 48.1 years ± 2.5 years for June 2013 and 45.0 years ± 4.1 years for June 2014. Our data indicate a trend for both an increase in number of departing providers, as well as an increased mean age in the month immediately prior to EMR implementation.ConclusionTo date, no other investigation of the effect of EMR implementation of provider retirements have been published. We demonstrate a peak in provider attrition in the month prior to EMR implementation that may not be explained by normal attrition patterns with an academic calendar.Level of evidenceLevel 5 – qualitative or descriptive study.
A Comparison of Sexual Health History and Practices Among Monogamous and Consensually Nonmonogamous Sexual Partners
Authors: Lehmiller J. J. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although consensually nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships are presumed to be far riskier for partners' sexual health compared with monogamous relationships, the disparity between them may be smaller than assumed. A growing body of research finds that many partners who have made monogamy agreements cheat, and when they do, they are less likely to practice safe sex than CNM partners.

Aim
Extant comparisons of monogamous and CNM relationships are rare and have yet to establish whether rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and STI testing differ between these groups. The present research compared self-reported STI history, lifetime number of sex partners, and condom use practices among monogamous and CNM partners.

Methods
Participants (N = 556) were recruited for an online survey of “attitudes toward sexual relationships.” Approximately two-thirds of the sample reported current involvement in a monogamous relationship, with the remainder indicating involvement in a CNM relationship.

Main Outcome Measures
All participants completed a questionnaire that included measures of condom use practices with primary and extra-pair partners, as well as their STI history.

Results
CNM partners reported more lifetime sexual partners than individuals in monogamous relationships. In addition, compared with monogamous partners, CNM partners were more likely to (i) report using condoms during intercourse with their primary partner; (ii) report using condoms during intercourse with extradyadic partners; and (iii) report having been tested for STIs. Approximately one-quarter of monogamous partners reported sex outside of their primary relationship, most of whom indicated that their primary partner did not know about their infidelity. The percentage of participants reporting previous STI diagnoses did not differ across relationship type.

Conclusions
CNM partners reported taking more precautions than those in monogamous relationships in terms of greater condom use during intercourse with all partners and a higher likelihood of STI testing. Thus, although persons in CNM relationships had more sexual partners, the precautions they took did not appear to elevate their rate of STIs above an imperfect implementation of monogamy.
The consequences of not accounting for background selection in demographic inference
Authors: Ewing Gregory B. , Jensen Jeffrey D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRecently, there has been increased awareness of the role of background selection (BGS) in both data analysis and modelling advances. However, BGS is still difficult to take into account because of tractability issues with simulations and difficulty with nonequilibrium demographic models. Often, simple rescaling adjustments of effective population size are used. However, there has been neither a proper characterization of how BGS could bias or shift inference when not properly taken into account, nor a thorough analysis of whether rescaling is a sufficient solution. Here, we carry out extensive simulations with BGS to determine biases and behaviour of demographic inference using an approximate Bayesian approach. We find that results can be positively misleading with significant bias, and describe the parameter space in which BGS models replicate observed neutral nonequilibrium expectations.
Isolation by distance, resistance and/or clusters? Lessons learned from a forest‐dwelling carnivore inhabiting a heterogeneous landscape
Authors: Ruiz‐Gonzalez Aritz , Cushman Samuel A. , Madeira María José , Randi Ettore , Gómez‐Moliner Benjamín J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLandscape genetics provides a valuable framework to understand how landscape features influence gene flow and to disentangle the factors that lead to discrete and/or clinal population structure. Here, we attempt to differentiate between these processes in a forest‐dwelling small carnivore [European pine marten (Martes martes)]. Specifically, we used complementary analytical approaches to quantify the spatially explicit genetic structure and diversity and analyse patterns of gene flow for 140 individuals genotyped at 15 microsatellite loci. We first used spatially explicit and nonspatial Bayesian clustering algorithms to partition the sample into discrete clusters and evaluate hypotheses of ‘isolation by barriers’ (IBB). We further characterized the relationships between genetic distance and geographical (‘isolation by distance’, IBD) and ecological distances (‘isolation by resistance’, IBR) obtained from optimized landscape models. Using a reciprocal causal modelling approach, we competed the IBD, IBR and IBB hypotheses with each other to unravel factors driving population genetic structure. Additionally, we further assessed spatially explicit indices of genetic diversity using sGD across potentially overlapping genetic neighbourhoods that matched the inferred population structure. Our results revealed a complex spatial genetic cline that appears to be driven jointly by IBD and partial barriers to gene flow (IBB) associated with poor habitat and interspecific competition. Habitat loss and fragmentation, in synergy with past overharvesting and possible interspecific competition with sympatric stone marten (Martes foina), are likely the main factors responsible for the spatial genetic structure we observed. These results emphasize the need for a more thorough evaluation of discrete and clinal hypotheses governing gene flow in landscape genetic studies, and the potential influence of different limiting factors affecting genetic structure at different spatial scales.
The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily of the necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Hegedus Dwayne D. , Gerbrandt Kelsey , Coutu Cathy 
Published: September 2015

SummaryProtein kinases have been implicated in the regulation of many processes that guide pathogen development throughout the course of infection. A survey of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum genome for genes encoding proteins containing the highly conserved eukaryotic protein kinase (ePK) domain, the largest protein kinase superfamily, revealed 92 S. sclerotiorum ePKs. This review examines the composition of the S. sclerotiorum ePKs based on conserved motifs within the ePK domain family, and relates this to orthologues found in other filamentous fungi and yeasts. The ePKs are also discussed in terms of their proposed role(s) in aspects of host pathogenesis, including the coordination of mycelial growth/development and deployment of pathogenicity determinants in response to environmental stimuli, nutrients and stress.
Laboratory rearing of immature Culicoides peregrinus Kieffer, a potential vector of bluetongue virus
Authors: HARSHA R. , MAZUMDAR A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCulicoides peregrinus (Kieffer) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) was reared from egg to adult using four different combinations of food and substrate (T1: absorbent cotton, mud broth with 2% yeast; T2: 1% agar, mud broth with 2% yeast; T3: absorbent cotton, nutrient broth; T4: absorbent cotton, 2% yeast). Field‐collected engorged females exhibited mean fecundity of 82.45 ± 4.00. The highest rate of emergence and largest adults were obtained in T1, and the lowest rate of emergence was observed in T4. Two‐way analyses of variance with post hoc Tukey tests showed significant differences in age at pupation, pupal weight and wing length among the various treatments, although the sex ratio was 1 : 1 in all food/substrate combinations. The successful rearing of immature C. peregrinus is an encouraging step towards the establishment of a laboratory colony of this prevalent species associated with livestock.
Next‐generation sequencing for identification of candidate genes for Fusarium wilt and sterility mosaic disease in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: Singh Vikas K. , Khan Aamir W. , Saxena Rachit K. , Kumar Vinay , Kale Sandip M. , Sinha Pallavi , Chitikineni Annapurna , Pazhamala Lekha T. , Garg Vanika , Sharma Mamta , Sameer Kumar Chanda Venkata , Parupalli Swathi , Vechalapu Suryanarayana , Patil Suyash , Muniswamy Sonnappa , Ghanta Anuradha , Yamini Kalinati Narasimhan , Dharmaraj Pallavi Subbanna , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryTo map resistance genes for Fusarium wilt (FW) and sterility mosaic disease (SMD) in pigeonpea, sequencing‐based bulked segregant analysis (Seq‐BSA) was used. Resistant (R) and susceptible (S) bulks from the extreme recombinant inbred lines of ICPL 20096 × ICPL 332 were sequenced. Subsequently, SNP index was calculated between R‐ and S‐bulks with the help of draft genome sequence and reference‐guided assembly of ICPL 20096 (resistant parent). Seq‐BSA has provided seven candidate SNPs for FW and SMD resistance in pigeonpea. In parallel, four additional genotypes were re‐sequenced and their combined analysis with R‐ and S‐bulks has provided a total of 8362 nonsynonymous (ns) SNPs. Of 8362 nsSNPs, 60 were found within the 2‐Mb flanking regions of seven candidate SNPs identified through Seq‐BSA. Haplotype analysis narrowed down to eight nsSNPs in seven genes. These eight nsSNPs were further validated by re‐sequencing 11 genotypes that are resistant and susceptible to FW and SMD. This analysis revealed association of four candidate nsSNPs in four genes with FW resistance and four candidate nsSNPs in three genes with SMD resistance. Further, In silico protein analysis and expression profiling identified two most promising candidate genes namely C.cajan_01839 for SMD resistance and C.cajan_03203 for FW resistance. Identified candidate genomic regions/SNPs will be useful for genomics‐assisted breeding in pigeonpea.
Geographic Variation of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Canada
Authors: Rudmik Luke , Bird Ceris , Dean Stafford , Dort Joseph C. , Schorn Richard , Kukec Edward 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveWith an estimated 10,000 to 15,000 endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) cases performed in Canada each year, identifying potential unwarranted practice patterns is important. The objective of this study is to examine the rates and geographic variation of ESS in the province of Alberta, Canada.Study DesignSmall area variation analysis.SettingProvince of Alberta, Canada.Subjects and MethodsThe National Ambulatory Care Reporting System database was searched to identify all patients who received ESS between April 1, 2010, and March 31, 2013, in Alberta, Canada. The annual adjusted rates of ESS per 1000 people were calculated for each Alberta health zone and health status area. Geographic variations were evaluated with the extremal quotient, weighted coefficient of variation, and systematic component of variance. Chi‐squared‐test was used to quantify the significance of variation of the adjusted ESS rates across regions.ResultsThe annual adjusted rate of ESS was 0.33 per 1000 people in Alberta, Canada. The mean extremal quotient for health status areas was 6.9, indicating a 7‐fold difference between the highest and lowest regions. The mean coefficient of variation was 41.0, and the mean systematic component of variance was 10.5, which demonstrates “very high” variation.ConclusionThis study observed very high geographic variation in the rates of ESS across the province of Alberta. Given the negative impact of unwarranted surgical variation on quality of care, outcomes from this study indicate a need to further evaluate the delivery of care for ESS in Canada to improve overall health system performance.
P.Sal. Gr. 2: un prosangelma tolemaico
Authors: Guerra Adele Tepedino 
Published: September 2015

AbstractP.Sal.Gr. 2 can be dated around the first half of the second century B.C. It comes from the Arsinoite nome and has been recovered from mummy cartonnage. The fragment contains the final part of „a complaint against unknown persons“ with a request to find the culprits and bring them before the competent officials.
Application Of Kalman Filter In Navigation Process Of Automated Guided Vehicles
Authors: Śmieszek Mirosław , Dobrzańska Magdalena 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn the paper an example of application of the Kalman filtering in the navigation process of automatically guided vehicles was presented. The basis for determining the position of automatically guided vehicles is odometry – the navigation calculation. This method of determining the position of a vehicle is affected by many errors. In order to eliminate these errors, in modern vehicles additional systems to increase accuracy in determining the position of a vehicle are used. In the latest navigation systems during route and position adjustments the probabilistic methods are used. The most frequently applied are Kalman filters.
The bibliography of and taxa proposed by Charles D. Michener
Authors: Engel Michael S. 
Published: September 2015

In honor of Distinguished Professor and Curator Emeritus Charles D. Michener’s 97th birthday, the Journal of Melittology publishes this special issue tabulating his expansive list of publications, the vast majority of which entail studies on the systematics and biology of bees (Apoidea: Anthophila) and represents some of the most significant contributions to the subject. In total, this treatment covers Michener’s 514 citable items between 1935 and September of the present year (an astonishing eight-decade-long span of publishing!). Many of the works provide descriptions of new taxa and the bibliography is annotated to indicate those novel taxonomic acts included in each publication. To this is added an accounting of all of the species-, genus-, and family-group names established by Michener during this same period, and organized by both taxonomic group and rank. Naturally, given Michener’s lifetime of work devoted to bees, the vast majority of these are of the Anthophila, but it does also include his taxonomic output on Acari, Lepidoptera, and Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera).