bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophage-Inducible C-Type Lectin/Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Pathway Contributes to Neuroinflammation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats
Authors: He Yue , Xu Liang , Li Bo , Guo Zhen-Ni , Hu Qin , Guo Zongduo , Tang Junjia , Chen Yujie , Zhang Yang , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H. 
Published: July 2015

Background and Purpose—
Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle, CLEC4E) receptor is reported involved in neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury. This study was designed to investigate the role of Mincle and its downstream spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) signal pathway in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a rat model.

Methods—
Two hundred fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats (280–320 g) were subjected to endovascular perforation model of SAH. SAH grade, neurological score, and brain water content were measured at 24 hours after SAH. Mincle/Syk, as well as CARD9 (a member of the caspase-associated recruitment domain [CARD], involved in innate immune response), interleukin-1β,and myeloperoxidase expressions were analyzed by Western blot at 24 hours after SAH. Specific cell types that expressed Mincle were detected with double immunofluorescence staining. Mincle small interfering RNA, recombinant SAP130, and a selective Syk phosphorylation inhibitor piceatannol were used for intervention.

Results—
Brain water content increased and neurological functions decreased in rats after SAH. The expression of SAP130, Mincle, Syk, and p-Syk increased at 12 hours and peaked at 24 hours after SAH. Mincle small interfering RNA reduced interleukin-1β and infiltration of myeloperoxidase positive cells, decreased brain water content, and improved neurological functions at 24 hours after SAH. Recombinant SAP130 upregulated the expression of p-Syk and CARD9 and increased the levels of interleukin-1β and myeloperoxidase, even though it did not increase brain water content nor it deteriorated neurological function at 24 hours after SAH. Syk inhibitor piceatannol reduced brain edema at 24 hours after SAH.

Conclusion—
Mincle/Syk is involved in early brain injury after SAH, and they may serve as new targets for therapeutic intervention.
The Otalgia Point
Authors: Lieberman Elliot , Redleaf Miriam I. 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: In cases of otalgia without any accompanying findings, some patients locate their otalgia below the attachment of the lobule, at the apex of the jugulodigastric region. Purpose: To present a series of these patients for whom nasal steroids or myringotomy usually ameliorated their pain. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients with normal physical examinations, tympanograms, and age-appropriate audiograms spontaneously indicated otalgia at “the otalgia point.” Inspection of the oropharynx and nasal airway, palpation of the neck and temporal mandibular joints, and nasopharyngoscopy/laryngoscopy ruled out referred causes of otalgia. Patients were offered either nasal steroid spray or trial myringotomy followed by tympanostomy tube. Results: Otalgia improved in all 10 (100%) patients who selected nasal steroids. Otalgia resolved in 17 of 20 (85%) myringotomy participants. Three patients declined intervention. In all, symptoms improved in 27/29 treated patients (93%). Conclusion: This description of “the otalgia point” introduces a new otolaryngologic gesture in physical examination that can aid in the therapeutic management of some patients with otalgia and normal examinations. This is an uncontrolled case series that serves as a pilot study for further exploration of this gesture.
Policy properties and political influence in post-delegation: the case of EU agencies
Authors: Font Nuria 
Published: July 2015

The literature on EU agencies has examined the issue of political control and independence in EU agency design and in post-delegation. However, studies measuring and providing accounts for the political influence that the Commission, the member states and the European Parliament exert in decision-making across a wide sample of EU agencies are missing in the specialized literature. This article addresses this topic and poses the following questions: How influential is each of the main parent institutional actors on agency boards' decision-making? Do agency powers and policy properties affect political influence? Based on an online survey, documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews, this article combines a quantitative and a qualitative study identifying differentiated patterns of political influence by supranational and intergovernmental actors. Regulatory functions and saliency decrease the leverage of the Commission and the European Parliament, whereas complexity decreases the influence of the member states. Moreover, highly centralized and far-reaching regulatory activity affects institutional balances in post-delegation. Points for practitioners The article is of interest to practitioners concerned with the issue of political control and the independence of EU specialized agencies. The article identifies certain conditions under which political influence by the main parent institutional actors on the boards of EU agencies is diminished. More specifically, the Commission and the European Parliament are less influential on the boards of salient and regulatory agencies, whereas the member states have reduced leverage on the boards of agencies undertaking highly complex activities. Agency policy properties affect the political influence of institutional actors unevenly depending on whether it is exercised by supranational or intergovernmental actors.
Development and Validation of a High‐Fidelity Porcine Laryngeal Surgical Simulator
Authors: Dedmon Matthew M. , Paddle Paul M. , Phillips Jeananne , Kobayashi Leo , Franco Ramon A. , Song Phillip C. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveDesign and validate a laryngeal surgical simulator to teach phonomicrosurgical techniques.Study DesignDevice development and prospective validation.SettingTertiary medical center.Subjects and MethodsA novel laryngeal fixation device and custom laryngoscope were produced for use with ex vivo porcine larynx specimens. Vocal fold lesions such as nodules and keratotic lesions were simulated with silicone injections and epithelial markings. A prospective validation using postsimulation surveys, global rating scales, and procedure‐specific checklists was performed with a group of 15 medical students, otolaryngology residents, fellows, and attending laryngologists. Three procedures were performed: vocal fold augmentation, excision of a simulated vocal fold nodule, and excision of a simulated vocal fold keratosis.ResultsParticipants overwhelmingly agreed that the simulator provided a realistic dissection experience that taught skills that would transfer to real operating scenarios. Expert performance was statistically superior to novice performance for excision of simulated vocal fold nodules and keratotic lesions, while no difference was observed for injection laryngoplasty.ConclusionThe ability to learn and rehearse surgical procedures in a safe environment is invaluable, particularly for delicate and highly technical phonomicrosurgical operations. We have developed a high‐fidelity laryngeal surgical simulator complete with pathological lesions such as nodules and keratoses to teach these procedures. A prospective study demonstrated validity of our global rating scale and checklist assessments for vocal fold nodule and keratosis excision procedures, allowing them to be confidently incorporated into phonomicrosurgical training programs for surgeons of all levels of expertise.
Visualizing psychiatric formulation
Authors: Alyami Hussain , Sundram Frederick , Hill Andrew G , Alyami Mohsen , Cheung Gary 
Published: July 2015

Objective: Despite the importance of psychiatric formulation, it remains one of the most challenging tasks for medical students and trainees. To facilitate teaching and learning this essential skill, we propose a visual metaphor in order to conceptualise psychiatric formulation. Conclusions: It is expected that this paper will assist educators and learners to better conceptualise psychiatric formulation through activating prior knowledge through this visual metaphor. Future educational research will determine the effectiveness of this proposed learning tool.
Practice Evaluation Strategies Among Clinical Social Workers
Authors: Davis Thomas D. , Dennis Cory B. , Culbertson Susan E. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: Practice evaluation strategies range in style from the formal-analytic tools of single-subject designs, rapid assessment instruments, algorithmic steps in evidence-based practice, and computer software applications, to the informal-interactive tools of clinical supervision, consultation with colleagues, use of client feedback, and clinical experience. The purpose of this study was to provide practice researchers in social work with a more complete understanding of how and why social workers evaluate their practice the way they do. Methods: Questions about practice evaluation strategies were posed to 12 licensed clinical social workers in a 3-hour focus group. Findings: Drawing on advances in the cognitive and social neurosciences, the study identified among clinical social workers an informal-interactive tool preference that displays itself as a cognitively necessary, sufficient, and stand-alone preference that required neither the supplementation nor balance of formal-analytic tools. Conclusions: New directions in social work practice research are required and delineated.
Arthroscopic management of the painful total elbow arthroplasty
Authors: Phadnis Joideep , Bain Gregory I 
Published: July 2015

Background Failure of total elbow arthroplasty is more common than after other major joint arthroplasties and is often a result of aseptic loosening, peri-prosthetic infection, fracture and instability. Infection can be a devastating complication, yet there are no established guidelines for the pre-operative diagnosis of total elbow peri-prosthetic infection. This is because pre-operative clinical, radiographic and biochemical tests are often unreliable. Methods Using three case examples, a standardized protocol for the clinical and arthroscopic assessment of the painful total elbow arthroplasty is described. This is used to provide a mechanical and microbiological diagnosis of the patient’s pain. Results There have been no complications resulting from the use of this technique in the three patients described, nor in any other patient to date. Conclusions The staged protocol described in the present study, utilizing arthroscopic assessment, has refined the approach to the painful total elbow arthroplasty because it directly influences the definitive surgical management of the patient. It is recommended that other surgeons follow the principles outlined in the present study when faced with this challenging problem.
MicroRNA-17-92 controls T-cell responses in graft-versus-host disease and leukemia relapse in mice
Authors: Wu Yongxia , Heinrichs Jessica , Bastian David , Fu Jianing , Nguyen Hung , Schutt Steven , Liu Yuejun , Jin Junfei , Liu Chen , Li Qi-Jing , Xia Changqing , Yu Xue-Zhong 
Published: July 2015

Key Points
miR-17-92 is required for T cells to mediate GVHD but not the GVL effect. Targeting miR-17-92 with antagomirs efficiently alleviates GVHD.
Platelet function tests, independent of platelet count, are associated with bleeding severity in ITP
Authors: Frelinger Andrew L. , Grace Rachael F. , Gerrits Anja J. , Berny-Lang Michelle A. , Brown Travis , Carmichael Sabrina L. , Neufeld Ellis J. , Michelson Alan D. 
Published: July 2015

Key Points
ITP patients differ in their tendency to bleed despite similarly low platelet counts, thereby confounding treatment decisions. Platelet function tests, independent of platelet count, are associated with bleeding severity in ITP patients.
Nuclear basic fibroblast growth factor regulates triple-negative breast cancer chemo-resistance
Authors: Li Shenduo , Payne Sturgis , Wang Fang , Claus Peter , Su Zuowei , Groth Jeffrey , Geradts Joseph , de Ridder Gustaaf , Alvarez Rebeca , Marcom Paul Kelly , Pizzo Salvatore V. , Bachelder Robin E. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Chemotherapy remains the only available treatment for triple-negative (TN) breast cancer, and most patients exhibit an incomplete pathologic response. Half of patients exhibiting an incomplete pathologic response die within five years of treatment due to chemo-resistant, recurrent tumor growth. Defining molecules responsible for TN breast cancer chemo-resistance is crucial for developing effective combination therapies blocking tumor recurrence. Historically, chemo-resistance studies have relied on long-term chemotherapy selection models that drive genetic mutations conferring cell survival. Other models suggest that tumors are heterogeneous, being composed of both chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistant tumor cell populations. We previously described a short-term chemotherapy treatment model that enriches for chemo-residual TN tumor cells. In the current work, we use this enrichment strategy to identify a novel determinant of TN breast cancer chemotherapy resistance [a nuclear isoform of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)].

Methods
Studies are conducted using our in vitro model of chemotherapy resistance. Short-term chemotherapy treatment enriches for a chemo-residual TN subpopulation that over time resumes proliferation. By western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction, we show that this chemotherapy-enriched tumor cell subpopulation expresses nuclear bFGF. The importance of bFGF for survival of these chemo-residual cells is interrogated using short hairpin knockdown strategies. DNA repair capability is assessed by comet assay. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to determine nuclear bFGF expression in TN breast cancer cases pre- and post- neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Results
TN tumor cells surviving short-term chemotherapy treatment express increased nuclear bFGF. bFGF knockdown reduces the number of chemo-residual TN tumor cells. Adding back a nuclear bFGF construct to bFGF knockdown cells restores their chemo-resistance. Nuclear bFGF-mediated chemo-resistance is associated with increased DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) expression and accelerated DNA repair. In fifty-six percent of matched TN breast cancer cases, percent nuclear bFGF-positive tumor cells either increases or remains the same post- neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment (compared to pre-treatment). These data indicate that in a subset of TN breast cancers, chemotherapy enriches for nuclear bFGF-expressing tumor cells.

Conclusion
These studies identify nuclear bFGF as a protein in a subset of TN breast cancers that likely contributes to drug resistance following standard chemotherapy treatment.
Governability assessment of the Galapagos Marine Reserve
Authors: Barragán Paladines María José , Chuenpagdee Ratana 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Galapagos Marine Reserve is one of the most recognized marine protected areas in the world, due mainly to its unique natural features. Little is known, however, about its social counterpart. This research aims to explore the Galapagos Marine Reserve governance by following the governability assessment framework, which is based on the interactive governance perspective. We claim that improved governance and incresed governability of this marine protected area, ruled under a co-management mode of governance, cannot be achieved without comprehensive understanding about the Galapagos Marine Reserve’s governing system, the systems that are being governed, and their interactions. Semi-structured interviews with a range of stakeholders were conducted as part of the study to illuminate the characteristics of the systems and how they interact. The analysis reveals a high degree of variation between the formal and operative structures of the systems, due largely to the complexity, dynamics, and diversity of the systems, and the multiple scales at which they operate. Further, our findings highlight that governing decisions, and thus the overall governance performance, are influenced by certain quality of the systems (e.g., inefficiency, vulnerability, misrepresentation). Along with the understanding of potential complementarity with other governance modes (e.g., hierarchical), the research identifies that the governability of the Galapagos Marine Reserve can be improved by making governance processes more transparent and by better consideration of the social component in the governing system. In that way, the marine reserve sustainability would also be enhanced.
Reservoir prediction in a development area with a high-density well pattern using seismic sedimentology: An example from the BB2 block, Changyuan LMD oil field, Songliao Basin, China
Authors: Cheng Shunguo , Jiang Yan , Li Jie , Li Cao , Wang Yanhui , Xu Liheng 
Published: July 2015

The Daqing Changyuan oil field is primarily composed of large, fluvial-deltaic thin sandstones and shales with a high degree of heterogeneity. Over the past 50 years of development, the geologic study of this reservoir has relied on a large amount of well-log data in the field. However, a detailed reservoir description based only on wireline-log data cannot meet the requirements of oil field development. There is still some uncertainty about the sand boundary and geometry, due to reliance only on data from fields with an average density of approximately [Formula: see text]. Such uncertainty may severely affect the potential for producing the remaining oil in these mature oil fields. In this study, seismic-sedimentology guided reservoir prediction is examined in an area of dense wells in BB2 block in the Changyuan LMD oil field. The spatial distribution of channel-sand bodies was identified and recognized by facies analysis, sandstone thickness mapping, and seismic stratal slicing of reservoir units, using the principles and methods of seismic sedimentology. The results showed that the seismic amplitude can be correlated to log lithologies. The interpretation of sandstone can be improved by 90°-phase seismic data, and the distribution of channel sand with a thickness greater than 5 m can be directly predicted. The identification and prediction of the boundaries of channel-sand bodies are thus improved. The results have proved useful in new infill drilling and reperforations.
Black TiO2 Nanoparticles by a Microwave-induced Plasma over Titanium Complex Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ishida Yohei , Doshin Wataru , Tsukamoto Hiroki , Yonezawa Tetsu 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We herein report a novel synthesis of black TiO2 nanoparticles by using a microwave-induced plasma over Ti complex aqueous solution. The resultant TiO2 nanoparticles showed very strong reflectance over the whole visible light region. Detailed HAADF-STEM analysis of the obtained particles revealed that this plasma method enables doping of W ions inside the TiO2 crystal structure.
Liquid citrate acidification introduces significant glucose bias and leads to misclassification of patients with diabetes
Authors: Juricic Gordana , Kopcinovic Lara Milevoj , Saracevic Andrea , Bakliza Ana , Simundic Ana-Maria 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGlucose measurements are crucial in diabetes diagnosis. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of liquid citrate acidification in preventing glycolysis and investigate glucose stability in serum, sodium fluoride (NaF/KOx) and Glucomedics tubes.Samples from 40 participants were collected in serum, lithium-heparin (LiH), sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate (NaF/KOx) and Glucomedics tubes. Glucose was measured within 60 min (baseline), 120 and 180 min from venipuncture. Serum, NaF/KOx and Glucomedics values at baseline were compared to LiH glucose concentration. Additionally, glucose values measured at 120 and 180 min from each tube were compared with the baseline value. Mean absolute bias for each tube and time point was calculated and compared to recommended criteria. The regression equation obtained comparing citrate to NaF/KOx tubes was used to recalculate glucose results retrieved from the laboratory information system.Glucose measured in Glucomedics was higher (9.9%; p<0.001), while glucose in NaF/KOx and serum was lower compared to LiH (2.4%; p<0.001 and 3.2%; p<0.001, respectively). Biases for all tubes were clinically significant. Glucose remained unchanged at room temperature in all tubes for up to 180 min after venipuncture. Observed bias caused by Glucomedics leads to a 10.6% increase in diabetes prevalence (p<0.001).Inhibition of glycolysis is most effectively achieved using liquid citrate acidification, compared to LiH, NaF/KOx or serum. Due to clinically significant bias relative to reference glucose, the interchangeable use of different tube types for serial glucose measurements is not recommended. The replacement of NaF/KOx with Glucomedics tubes substantially impacts glucose results, giving marked rise in diabetes prevalence.
„Wäre ich noch bei Kräften …!“ (εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἐγὼ ἔτι ἐν δυνάμει ἦ …)
Authors: Quero-Sánchez Andrés 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The article presents Plato’s Republic as a work arguing for the fundamental principles which constitute not - as Popper thought - a totalitarian state, but rather our own state, based on the rule of law. Plato is trying to develop here a new form of ‘Enlightenment’ (unlike the so-called ‘Sophistic Enlightenment’ he criticizes here) which we should see as a ‘revitalisation’ of traditional positions, which Plato thinks should be regenerated according to rational principles.
Über „Funktion“
Authors: Gutmann Mathias 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The determination of specific limitations of biological descriptions, explanations and structuralisations presupposes a proper understanding of the methodical status of “function”. This is particularly relevant if biological knowledge is supposed to play a crucial argumentative role even beyond the limits of the empirical science. In such cases it is not easily determinable at which point purely empirical knowledge enters into the argument and where additional methodical and methodological aspects must be considered. This paper provides a methodological reconstruction of the functional form of biological knowledge itself, which is unfolded in three consecutive steps. The reconstruction starts with the determination of model-theoretical prerequisites of functional structuralisation of biotic entities as organisms. The second step explicates the logical grammar of functional and dysfunctional characters. Based upon this reconstruction, the systematic relation between the form of functional and evolutionary arguments is reconsidered. Finally some of the argumentative burdens are developed, which result from the use of biological language- and theory-particles being applied beyond the scope of validity that is and can be claimed for their proper use within their original life-scientific language game.
Thermally stable optically transparent copolymers of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane and N-phenyl maleimide with degradable ester linkages
Authors: Shi Yinfeng , Agarwal Seema 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe copolymers of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO) and N-phenyl maleimide (NPM) prepared by radical polymerization with high thermal stability, glass transition temperature and optical transparency are presented. The polymers made under specific reaction conditions, i.e., 120°C and high amounts of MDO, had degradable ester units, which were formed via radical ring-opening polymerization of MDO. The formation of charge-transfer complex between MDO and NPM also led to the formation of high-molar-mass copolymers by simple mixing and heating of monomers without the use of any initiator. Structural characterization of the copolymers including mechanistic studies was carried out using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and their thermal properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.