bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenotonsillectomy Complications: A Meta-analysis
Authors: De Luca Canto Graziela , Pachêco-Pereira Camila , Aydinoz Secil , Bhattacharjee Rakesh , Tan Hui-Leng , Kheirandish-Gozal Leila , Flores-Mir Carlos , Gozal David 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Complications after adenotonsillectomy (AT) in children have been extensively studied, but differences between children with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have not been systematically reported. Our objective was to identify the most frequent complications after AT, and evaluate if differences between children with and without OSA exist.METHODS:Several electronic databases were searched. A partial gray literature search was undertaken by using Google Scholar. Experts were consulted to identify any missing publications. Studies assessing complications after AT in otherwise healthy children were included. One author collected the required information from the selected articles. A second author crosschecked the collected information and confirmed its accuracy. Most of the selected studies collected information from medical charts.RESULTS:A total of 1254 studies were initially identified. Only 23 articles remained after a 2-step selection process. The most frequent complication was respiratory compromise (9.4%), followed by secondary hemorrhage (2.6%). Four studies compared postoperative complications in children with and without OSA, and revealed that children with OSA have nearly 5 times more respiratory complications after AT than children without OSA (odds ratio = 4.90; 95% confidence interval: 2.38–10.10). In contrast, children with OSA are less likely to have postoperative bleeding when compared with children without OSA (odds ratio = 0.41; 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.74).CONCLUSIONS:The most frequent early complications after AT are respiratory compromise and secondary hemorrhage. Based on the current limited evidence, children with OSA appear to have more respiratory complications. Conversely, hemorrhage appears to be more frequent in children without OSA.
Chronic Neuromotor Disability After Complex Cardiac Surgery in Early Life
Authors: Ricci M. Florencia , Andersen John C. , Joffe Ari R. , Watt Man-Joe , Moez Elham Khodayari , Dinu Irina A. , Garcia Guerra Gonzalo , Ross David B. , Rebeyka Ivan M. , Robertson Charlene M.T. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Little is known about chronic neuromotor disability (CND) including cerebral palsy and motor impairments after acquired brain injury in children surviving early complex cardiac surgery (CCS). We sought to determine the frequency and presentation of CND in this population while exploring potentially modifiable acute care predictors.

METHODS:
This prospective follow-up study included 549 children after CCS requiring cardiopulmonary bypass at ≤6 weeks of age. Groups included those with only 1 CCS, mostly biventricular CHD, and those with &gt;1 CCS, predominantly single ventricle defects. At 4.5 years of age, 420 (94.6%) children received multidisciplinary assessment. Frequency of CND is given as percentage of assessed survivors. Predictors of CND were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:
CND occurred in 6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7%–8.2%) of 4.5-year survivors; for 1 CCS, 4.2% (CI 2.3%–6.1%) and &gt;1, 9.8% (CI 7%–12.6%). CND presentation showed: hemiparesis, 72%; spasticity, 80%; ambulation, 72%; intellectual disability, 44%; autism, 16%; epilepsy, 12%; permanent vision and hearing impairment, 12% and 8%, respectively. Overall, 32% of presumed causative events happened before first CCS. Independent odds ratio for CND are age (days) at first CCS, 1.08 (CI 1.04–1.12; P &lt; .001); highest plasma lactate before first CCS (mmol/L), 1.13 (CI 1.03–1.23; P = 0.008); and &gt;1 CCS, 3.57 (CI 1.48–8.9; P = .005).

CONCLUSIONS:
CND is not uncommon among CCS survivors. The frequency of associated disabilities characterized in this study informs pediatricians caring for this vulnerable population. Shortening the waiting period and reducing preoperative plasma lactate levels at first CCS may assist in reducing the frequency of CND.
Multi‐taxa approach shows consistent shifts in arthropod functional traits along grassland land‐use intensity gradient
Authors: Simons Nadja K. , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Gossner Martin M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntensification of land use reduces biodiversity but may also shift the trait composition of communities. Understanding how land use affects single traits and community trait composition, helps to understand why some species are more affected by land use than others. Trait‐based analyses are common for plants, but rare for arthropods. We collected literature‐based traits for nearly 1000 insect and spider species to test how land‐use intensity (including mowing, fertilization, and grazing) across 124 grasslands in three regions of Germany affects community‐weighted mean traits across taxa and in single taxa. We additionally measured morphometric traits for more than 150 Heteroptera species and tested whether the weighted mean morphometric traits change with increasing land‐use intensity. Community average body size decreased and community average dispersal ability increased from low to high land‐use intensity. Furthermore, the relative abundance of herbivores and of specialists among herbivores decreased and the relative abundance of species using the herb layer increased with increasing land‐use intensity. Community‐weighted means of the morphometric traits in Heteroptera also changed from low to high land‐use intensity toward longer and thinner shapes as well as longer appendices (legs, wings, and antenna). While changes in traits with increasing mowing and fertilization intensity were consistent with the combined land‐use intensity, community average traits did often not change or with opposite direction under increasing grazing intensity. We conclude that high land‐use intensity acts as an environmental filter selecting for on average smaller, more mobile, and less specialized species across taxa. Although trait collection across multiple arthropod taxa is laborious and needs clear trait definitions, it is essential for understanding the functional consequences of biodiversity loss due to land‐use intensification.
Simulation of Flow and Displacement in a Heterogeneous Petroleum Reservoir Well Field
Authors: Schafer-Perini A. , Wilson J. L. , Gutjahr A. L. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Simulation of flow and transport in heterogeneous reservoirs containing many wells presents a variety of numerical difficulties. The wells and heterogeneities represent two different types of singularities. In the examples presented, a two dimensional reservoir contains both injection and production wells. Reservoir properties vary in space and are represented as a stochastic process. Flow is simulated by the modified method of characteristics method and hybrids. Areal displacement patterns and production well recovery curves are monitored.
A variety of numerical algorithms are applied to the solution of the equations: strongly implicit procedures, alternating direction methods, multi-griding procedures, pre-conditioned conjugate gradient methods, and domain decomposition. The algorithms are applied separately to three test problems involving (1) mean uniform flow through a heterogeneous media, (2) diverging/converging flow between many wells in a homogeneous media, and (3) flow between many wells in a heterogeneous media. Algorithms which work well in the presence of only one type of singularity, for example test problems (1) or (2), fail in the presence of both singularity types (problem 3). The most robust algorithms for solving problem 3 appear to be particular versions of the preconditioned conjugate gradient method with/without domain decomposition. Adaptive gridding methods may offer another potentially successful approach.
Another aspect of the simulations is the recognition that small fluctuations of permeability located near a well have much more influence on flow and displacement than the same fluctuation located at the midpoint between wells. This issue is explored from several points of view: gridding, domain decomposition, and pseudo-properties.
Maxillary arch width and buccal corridor changes with Damon and conventional brackets: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Shook Corey , Kim Sohyon (Michelle) , Burnheimer John 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of Damon self-ligating and conventional bracket systems on buccal corridor widths and areas.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective sample of consecutively treated patients using either conventional (CG, n  =  45) or Damon self-ligating (SL, n  =  39) brackets was analyzed to determine any differences in buccal corridor widths and areas both within and between groups. Pretreatment and posttreatment frontal photographs were transferred to Photoshop CC, standardized using intercanthal width, and linear and area measurements were performed with tools in Photoshop CC. Ratios were then calculated for statistical analysis. Relationships between arch widths and buccal corridors were also examined.

Results:
There were no significant differences in the posttreatment intercanine or intermolar widths either within or between the CG and SL groups. There were no significant differences in any buccal corridor width or area measurement either within or between the CG and SL groups. There were strong correlations with the intercanine width and the corresponding buccal corridor smile width measurements. There was an inverse correlation with the buccal corridor area in relation to the canine and the total smile width.

Conclusions:
It is likely that posttreatment increases in arch width can be seen in patients treated with either a conventional bracket system or the Damon system. It is highly unlikely that there is any significant difference in buccal corridor width or area in patients treated with the Damon self-ligating system or a conventional bracket system.
Construire son projet personnel et professionnel avec le dispositif des unités localisées pour l’inclusion scolaire (ULIS)
Authors: Midelet Julia 
Published: September 2015

Si la loi du 11 février 2005 pose la question de la participation effective des personnes handicapées à la construction de leur citoyenneté, l’organisation d’une scolarité adaptée répondant aussi aux besoins des jeunes adultes en termes d’insertion sociale et professionnelle se doit d’être pensée, comme le précise le code de l’éducation. Bien que le nombre de jeunes présentant une déficience mentale ou encore des troubles des fonctions cognitives soit en constante évolution, depuis la mise en place de cette loi, ces derniers restent « vulnérables », au sens où ils ne parviennent pas totalement à s’emparer de leur propre existence quand il s’agit de penser leur projet professionnel.
Travailler moins pour travailler plus longtemps
Authors: Segon Michaël , Le Roux Nathalie 
Published: September 2015

Cet article vise à appréhender les rapports à la vie professionnelle de jeunes handicapés sortis de l’enseignement supérieur depuis peu. Il s’agit de comprendre le sens des exigences qu’ils formulent relativement au travail et à l’emploi. Cinq principes sont étudiés : chercher un emploi à temps partiel, se préserver tout en faisant carrière, chercher un emploi dans une grande entreprise, limiter les relations sociales et les activités d’encadrement ainsi qu’accorder ou non une place au handicap dans les missions du travail. Ces exigences nous renseignent sur la diversité des expériences du handicap et sur les ajustements opérés par les enquêtés entre le travail et les autres sphères de la vie.
L’inclusion : un changement de finalité pour le travail social ?
Authors: Jaeger Marcel 
Published: September 2015

La notion d’« inclusion » a été mise en avant dans l’intitulé du Plan pluriannuel contre la pauvreté et pour l’inclusion sociale qui a annoncé, notamment, les États généraux du travail social. Cependant, le terme n’est pas beaucoup utilisé par les travailleurs sociaux : « insertion », « intégration », « inclusion » sont des mots souvent considérés comme identiques et leur distinction ne semble pas avoir de véritables enjeux. Il est entendu que ce terme d’origine anglaise a été promu par des organismes internationaux pour positiver les objectifs de la lutte contre les exclusions. Mais il est plus difficile d’y reconnaître une indication de changements plus profonds, en particulier dans la manière de redéfinir les finalités du travail social.
L’inclusion en pratiques
Authors: Gardien Ève 
Published: September 2015

Le concept d’inclusion pose des problèmes à la fois théoriques et pratiques. Appliqué aux situations de handicap, il questionne les causes d’un traitement social différencié. Le handicap est-il un phénomène explicable uniquement par des facteurs naturels ou bien des dynamiques d’exclusion de ces personnes sont-elles à l’œuvre ? La première partie de cet article répondra à cette question par l’exposé des évolutions scientifiques contemporaines relatives au handicap. Ensuite, il sera montré comment ces réponses ont été portées politiquement au niveau international. Puis, dans une deuxième partie, une fois le contexte scientifique et politique posé, une action collective suédoise ayant réussi à déployer une véritable dynamique d’inclusion de personnes polyhandicapées sera analysée à la fois dans sa construction historique et son organisation pratique.
Coopérer entre territoires au défi commun de l’inclusion
Authors: Letonturier Simon , Pasteur Michèle 
Published: September 2015

En septembre prochain, les États du monde, lors de l’Assemblée générale annuelle des Nations unies, devraient s’entendre sur un nouvel agenda mondial de développement, dit « Agenda post-2015 », au service de l’avènement d’un monde durable et inclusif. L’Assemblée des départements de France ( adf ) a décidé en 2014 de mener un travail d’observation et d’analyse des dynamiques de coopération entre territoires français et du monde dans le champ de l’inclusion économique et sociale. Les enseignements tirés du rapport rendu permettent de mettre en lumière le potentiel d’alimentation réciproque des échanges internationaux entre acteurs locaux pour améliorer la compréhension des processus d’exclusion et la qualité des dispositifs d’inclusion économique et sociale. En effet, interagir avec un autre territoire autour de ces problématiques suppose de faire un effort de compréhension des paramètres sociaux, économiques, culturels et politiques des phénomènes d’exclusion, loin des segmentations que les dispositifs français ont eu tendance à constituer. Les échanges internationaux peuvent permettre de renouer avec une dimension majeure du processus d’inclusion : l’appréhension holistique de la personne en situation d’exclusion, dans son appartenance à un territoire de vie et en prise avec la nécessité de recouvrer une citoyenneté pleine et entière.
A Systematic Review of the Experience of Using Second Life in the Education of Undergraduate Nurses
Authors: Irwin Pauletta , Coutts Rosanne 
Published: September 2015

Background:

The virtual world of Second Life
®
is an emerging technology that is being considered as a simulation methodology for the education of professionals. Particularly for nursing, the adoption of simulation, although a response to technological advancement, is occurring during changes in population health care needs, the resultant impact on the workforce, and also the changing profile of students.

Method:

This systematic review aimed to establish the current applications of Second Life in the education of undergraduate nursing students. Databases searched were CINAHL
®
, Medline
®
, Education Research Complete
™
, ERIC
™
, Computers and Applied Sciences Complete
™
, and Library, Information Sciences and Technology
™
.

Results:
Fourteen studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Evidence identified included the themes of transferability from theory to practice, focus on learner centeredness, and evaluative processes.

Conclusion:

This review demonstrates that positive learning outcomes are achievable in Second Life. Evaluative research is in an early stage, and further investigation is warranted. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(10):572–577.]
Can Learning the ISBARR Framework Help to Address Nursing Students’ Perceived Anxiety and Confidence Levels Associated With Handover Reports?
Authors: Kostiuk Sarah 
Published: September 2015

Background:Standardized communication frameworks are believed to help students feel more confident and less anxious about handover reports. One of the handover communication frameworks being used in nursing programs was the ISBARR framework (Identify,Situation,Background,Assessment,Recommendation, andRepeat). The aim was to explore whether learning the ISBARR framework affected nursing students’ perceived anxiety and confidence levels associated with handover reports.Method:The study tested null hypotheses by analyzing pre- and posttest data collected with the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) survey. Three qualitative questions were included in the posttest to compare with the quantitative data. Statistical significance was set atp= .02.Results:The results revealed that learning the framework had a strong effect in reducing the perceived somatic anxiety levels, a medium effect on increasing perceived confidence levels, and a medium effect in reducing the perceived cognitive anxiety levels.Conclusion:Findings suggested that learning the standardized framework may help to address students’ perceived anxiety and confidence levels associated with handover reports and generate a mental picture of handover reports. [J Nurs Educ.2015;54(10):583–587.]
Evolving the PICOT Method for the Digital Age: The PICOT-D
Authors: Elias Beth L. , Polancich Shea , Jones Carolynn , Colvin Sean 
Published: September 2015

Background:

Many articles written about the PICOT (
P
opulation,
I
ntervention,
C
omparison,
O
utcome,
T
ime) method for developing research questions focus on searching the existing evidence base to review the impact of interventions. The PICOT method evolved to craft questions that yield operative search terms. Currently, the PICOT method falls short in its utility for health care and doctoral education. For example, the Doctor of Nursing Practice scholarly practice projects evaluate the existing evidence base and compare the current real-world state with the evidence base, for which the current conceptualization of the PICOT method has limited applicability.

Method:
The PICOT-D adds digital data (D) components to the traditional PICOT, allowing for the explicit identification of data measures that form the basis of the evaluation of an intervention.

Results:
the PICOT-D has the potential to improve student efficiency, efficacy, and confidence in the development of truly answerable questions that fully support improved patient care and systems-level change.

Conclusion:

This article demonstrates the need for the evolution of the PICOT format to the PICOT-D format. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(10):594–599.]
Chicken STING Mediates Activation of the IFN Gene Independently of the RIG-I Gene
Authors: Cheng Yuqiang , Sun Yingjie , Wang Hengan , Yan Yaxian , Ding Chan , Sun Jianhe 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) is an adaptor that functions downstream of retinoic acid–inducible gene I (RIG-I) in mammalian cells; however, RIG-I is absent in chickens. We identified chicken STING (chSTING) as a critical mediator of virus-triggered type I IFN signaling in RIG-I–null chicken cells. Overexpression of chSTING in DF-1 cells inhibited Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus (AIV) viral replication and activated IRF-7 and NF-κB to induce expression of type I IFNs. Knockdown of endogenous chSTING abolished virus-triggered activation of IRF-7 and IFN-β and increased viral yield. chSTING was a critical component in the virus-triggered IRF-7 activation pathway and the cellular antiviral response. chSTING predominantly localized to the outer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and was also found in the mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, knockdown of chSTING blocked polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid–, poly(deoxyadenylic-deoxythymidylic) acid–, and melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5)-stimulated induction of IFN-β. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated that chicken MDA5 could interact with chSTING, and this interaction was enhanced by ectopically expressed chicken mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein. Together, these results indicated that chSTING is an important regulator of chicken innate immune signaling and might be involved in the MDA5 signaling pathway in chicken cells. These results help with understanding the biological role of STING in innate immunity during evolution.
Differential Roles of Phospholipase D Proteins in FcεRI-Mediated Signaling and Mast Cell Function
Authors: Zhu Minghua , Zou Jianwei , Li Tieshi , O’Brien Sarah A. , Zhang Yao , Ogden Sarah , Zhang Weiguo 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) proteins are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to generate an important signaling lipid, phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidic acid is a putative second messenger implicated in the regulation of vesicular trafficking and cytoskeletal reorganization. Previous studies using inhibitors and overexpression of PLD proteins indicate that PLD1 and PLD2 play positive roles in FcεRI-mediated signaling and mast cell function. We used mice deficient in PLD1, PLD2, or both to study the function of these enzymes in mast cells. In contrast to published studies, we found that PLD1 deficiency impaired FcεRI-mediated mast cell degranulation; however, PLD2 deficiency enhanced it. Biochemical analysis showed that PLD deficiency affected activation of the PI3K pathway and RhoA. Furthermore, our data indicated that, although PLD1 deficiency impaired F-actin disassembly, PLD2 deficiency enhanced microtubule formation. Together, our results suggested that PLD1 and PLD2, two proteins that catalyze the same enzymatic reaction, regulate different steps in mast cell degranulation.
Granzyme B–Mediated Activation-Induced Death of CD4+ T Cells Inhibits Murine Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Du Wei , Leigh Nicholas D. , Bian Guanglin , O'Neill Rachel E. , Mei Lin , Qiu Jingxin , Chen George L. , Hahn Theresa , Liu Hong , McCarthy Philip L. , Cao Xuefang 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Granzyme B (GzmB) has previously been shown to be critical for CD8+ T cell–mediated graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) but dispensable for GVHD mediated by CD4+ T cells. However, previous studies used high doses of CD4+ T cells in MHC-mismatched models that caused rapid and lethal GVHD. Because of the hyperacute lethality, it is possible that the role of GzmB was concealed by the system. Therefore, in this study, we have titrated down the T cell dose to precisely determine the contribution of GzmB in GVHD mediated by CD4+CD25– T cells. Surprisingly, we have found that GzmB−/−CD4+CD25– T cells cause more severe GVHD compared with wild-type CD4+CD25– T cells in both MHC-matched and mismatched models. Mechanistic analyses reveal that although GzmB does not affect donor T cell engraftment, proliferation or tissue-specific migration, GzmB−/− CD4+CD25– T cells exhibit significantly enhanced expansion because of GzmB-mediated activation-induced cell death of wild-type CD4+CD25– T cells. As a result of enhanced expansion, GzmB−/− T cells produced higher amounts of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α and IFN-γ) that may contribute to the exacerbated GVHD. These results reveal that GzmB diminishes the ability of CD4+ T cells to cause acute GVHD, which contradicts its established role in CD8+ T cells. The differential roles suggest that targeting GzmB in selected T cell subsets may provide a strategy to control GVHD.