bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frictional properties of the shallow Nankai Trough accretionary sediments dependent on the content of clay minerals
Authors: Takahashi Miki , Azuma Shuhei , Ito Hidenori , Kanagawa Kyuichi , Inoue Atsuyuki 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We conducted triaxial friction experiments on the shallow Nankai Trough accretionary sediments at confining pressures, pore water pressures, temperatures close to their in situ conditions, and axial displacement rates (V
axial) changed stepwise among 0.1, 1, and 10µm/s. The results revealed that their frictional properties change systematically according to the content of clay minerals, smectite in particular. The steady-state friction coefficient (μ
ss) at V
axial = 1µm/s decreases with increasing clay mineral content, shown in weight percent, from 0.82 for a sandstone sample (6 wt%), through 0.71 for a tuff sample (≈17 wt%), and 0.53 to 0.56 for siltstone samples (29 to 34 wt%), to 0.25 for a claystone sample (42 wt%). Slip-dependent frictional behavior changes accordingly from slip hardening for the sandstone sample, through quasi steady-state slip for the tuff and siltstone samples, to distinct slip weakening for the claystone sample. Although all samples exhibit velocity-strengthening behavior upon stepwise changes in sliding velocity, the ratio of the (a − b) value to the velocity dependence of steady-state friction (∆μ
ss/∆lnV
sliding) decreases with increasing clay mineral content, which implies that the friction component decreases while the flow component increases accordingly. Thus, faulting in the shallow Nankai Trough accretionary prism is likely controlled by the clay mineral content, in particular the smectite content, in the sediments as well as in the fault zones.
Targeting IL-6 by both passive or active immunization strategies prevents bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis
Authors: Desallais Lucille , Avouac Jérôme , Fréchet Maxime , Elhai Muriel , Ratsimandresy Rojo , Montes Matthieu , Mouhsine Hadley , Do Hervé , Zagury Jean-François , Allanore Yannick 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine for which preliminary data have suggested that it might contribute to systemic sclerosis (SSc). Our aims were to investigate, firstly, IL-6 expression in patients with SSc and, secondly, the efficacy of both passive and active immunization against IL-6 to reduce skin fibrosis in complementary mouse models of SSc.

Methods
Human serum levels and skin expression of IL-6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We first evaluated the antifibrotic properties of the monoclonal anti-IL-6R antibody, MR16-1, in the bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis mouse model, reflecting early and inflammatory stages of SSc. Then, we assessed the efficacy of MR16-1 in tight skin-1 (Tsk-1) mice, an inflammation-independent model of skin fibrosis. Additionally, we have developed an innovative strategy using an anti-IL-6 peptide-based active immunization. Infiltrating leukocytes, T cells, and B cells were quantified, and IL-6 levels were measured in the serum and lesional skin of mice after passive or active immunization.

Results
Serum and skin levels of IL-6 were significantly increased in patients with early SSc. Treatment with MR16-1 led in the bleomycin mouse model to a 25% (P = 0.02) and 30% (P = 0.007) reduction of dermal thickness and hydroxyproline content, respectively. MR16-1 demonstrated no efficacy in Tsk-1 mice. Thereafter, mice were immunized against a small peptide derived from murine IL-6 and this strategy led in the bleomycin model to a 20% (P = 0.02) and 25% (P = 0.005) decrease of dermal thickness and hydroxyproline content, respectively. Passive and active immunization led to decreased T-cell infiltration in the lesional skin of mice challenged with bleomycin. Upon bleomycin injections, serum and skin IL-6 levels were increased after treatment with MR16-1 and were significantly reduced after anti-IL-6 active immunization.

Conclusions
Our results support the relevance of targeting IL-6 in patients with early SSc since IL-6 is overexpressed in early stages of the disease. Targeting IL-6 by both passive and active immunization strategies prevented the development of bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis in mice. Our results highlight the therapeutic potential of active immunization against IL-6, which is a seductive alternative to passive immunization.
Practice patterns in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer in Ontario Canada 2000-2008
Authors: Hall Stephen F , Irish Jonathan C , Groome Patti A , Urbach David R 
Published: July 2014

Background The extent of treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer remains controversial. The objective of this study was to describe the variations in practice prior to diagnosis and for the first year after diagnosis, including the investigations, the extent of surgery and the use of RAI 131, for all patients with thyroid cancer (TC) treated Jan 1 2000 to Dec 2008 across Ontario Canada. Method Population-based study of all patients who had a therapeutic surgical procedure for TC based on the data holdings of the Institute of Clinical Investigative Sciences (ICES) linking the Ontario Cancer Registry to the Ontario Health Insurance Plan and to the Canadian Institutes of Health Information. The analysis includes comparisons between health care utilization/geographic regions and between treating specialties. The study population was 12957 patients. Results There was a 112% increase in case detection over 9 years. Overall the initial (index) surgery was less-than-total thyroidectomy (LTT) in 37.6% and 63.4% of the patients who had total thyroidectomy (TT) as an index surgery went on to adjuvant RAI, however there was wide variation in all aspects of patient care across the province, between Local Health Networks and between surgical specialties. Conclusion In Ontario, there was wide variation for most aspects of the management of TC and, as the incidence of TC is increasing at least 7% per year in females, these data provide a foundation for future discussions, the provision of health care services and research.
Generalized Lyubeznik numbers
Authors: Núñez-Betancourt Luis , Witt Emily E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGiven a local ring containing a field, we define and investigate a family of invariants that includes the Lyubeznik numbers but captures finer information. These generalized Lyubeznik numbers are defined in terms of D-modules and are proved well defined using a generalization of the classical version of Kashiwara’s equivalence for smooth varieties; we also give a definition for finitely generated K-algebras. These new invariants are indicators of F-singularities in characteristic p > 0 and have close connections with characteristic cycle multiplicities in characteristic zero. We characterize the generalized Lyubeznik numbers associated to monomial ideals and compute examples of those associated to determinantal ideals.
Properties investigation of thin films photovoltaic hetero-structures
Authors: Golan G. , Axelevitch A. , Azoulay Jacob 
Published: July 2014

This paper presents an experimental investigation of photovoltaic (PV) properties in heterostructures consisting of indium oxide and amorphous silicon thin films, grown on a single crystalline p-type silicon and polyimide flexible substrates. Both thin films: In2O3 and a-Si were deposited by magnetron sputtering. Such heterostructure thin film systems are attractive because of their ability to convert solar energy into electrical one. Grown Heterostructures films were treated by simultaneous influence of an electron beam and high energetic photons with energy more than 1.5 eV in the so called vacuum photo-thermal processing (VPP).Silicon samples of 100 Ω/sq and 45 Ω/sq were selected as substrates. Thin films deposition was done in argon atmosphere by DC magnetron sputtering.It is shown that:Open circuit voltage of the proposed structure may reach up to ~ 0.35 V,Short circuit current was of no more then 10-7 A,Polyimide materials may be used as substrates for PV thin film deposition structures,VPP dramatically varies the photovoltaic properties of the heterostructure
How the Globalizing World with Its Ever-Changing Multidimensional Socio-Cultural Environment Impacts the Russia’s System of Vocational Education
Authors: Шишов  , Shishov Cergey 
Published: July 2014

The paper presents the broadened understanding of educational
policy, its goals and objectives in the changing multidimensional
socio-cultural environment; focuses on the need to
create a new educational environment with its own specific axiological
dominants and hierarchies. Various aspects of creating educational
industry market are discusses through the prism of ideas
of modernization. The broadened understanding of educational
policy, helps to consider modernization as a drive for innovating
and enhancing the Russia’s cultural and educational potential,
rather than a hindrance to preserving spirituality and traditions of
education.
Developing Basic Foundations of Personality as a Mission of Education Abstracte
Authors: Кайтукова  , Kaytukova Zakhira 
Published: July 2014

The paper tries to grasp essential foundations of a personality
as a subject for applying developmental efforts and creating
conditions for development of the so-called «basic foundations
of personality» within the educational process. The author defines
the concepts of «basic» and «secondary» personality features and
suggests that the educational process should be arranged in a systemic
manner, conducive to development of basic, rather than
secondary, personality features. The latter imply a number of personal
traits, involved in the educational space, such as potential
versatility (ambiguousness), transcendence (infiniteness), identification
ability (ability to be empathic and/or different) and selfsufficiency
(ability to be one’s own self). The paper points out
psychological and pedagogical conditions facilitating the task to
develop basic foundations of a personality, that is, conditions for
play and creative activities.
Health-Saving Technologies in Preschoolers’ Physical Education and Health Promotion
Authors: Зайцева  , Zaytseva O. 
Published: July 2014

Modern educational technologies and preschool educational
programs based on the «Federal State Requirements to the
Structure of Basic General Preschool Education Programme» call
for developing special type of interaction with children, with the
primary task to create conditions for development of each child,
with regard to his individual traits, capabilities and interests.
Aspects and dimensions of community participation in Theatre for Development: The case of the University of Zimbabwe’s Manfred Hudson Hall Sanitation Project (2004)
Authors: Mushangwe Herbert , Chivandikwa Nehemiah 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article attempts to critique and analyse the possibilities and complexities of the manifestations of aspects and dimensions of popular participation in Theatre for Development with particular reference to the University of Zimbabwe’s Manfred Hudson Hall Sanitation Project (2004). It examines the extent to which Arnstein’s classification of levels of participation can be adopted in Theatre for Development projects. It emerges that the adoption of critical and systematic approaches in the analysis of the function of participation in Theatre for Development can be fruitful, seeing that the danger of celebrating manipulative and problematic participation is real. Major emphasis is also placed on the constraints, limitations and potential risks related to various aspects of community participation. The authors contend that this is only achievable within the context of a critical and robust engagement with dynamic and multi-dimensional manifestations of community participation in given Theatre for Development projects.
Playing at life: The role of play in the prismatic illumination of the self
Authors: Wooster Roger 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Playback Theatre has had some success over the past decade in establishing itself as a valid form of therapeutic drama. This article considers its processes and approaches against the background of other twentieth-century developments in drama in education and drama therapies. This article traces the connections between key practitioners from drama in education (including Dorothy Heathcote, who coined the term ‘prismatic illumination’) and the developing praxis of psychodrama, drama therapy and Playback Theatre. Is Playback Theatre truly for self-discovery by the Teller, or for voyeuristic consumption by an audience accustomed to reality television? There has always been a tension in this area of work (be it in an educational or therapeutic context) between the importance of the process/personal journey and the desirability of an observed outcome. The nature of these tensions are examined by this article, and ethical questions are posed regarding the processes being used.
Promoting critical thinking within the drama: Using theory to guide practice
Authors: Cahill Helen 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article uses case stories from drama workshops conducted within primary and secondary classrooms to illustrate the ways in which post-structuralist theory can inform pedagogical design when using drama to engage in critical inquiry. It draws on research theory to illustrate the need for critique of the types of knowledge that are created in the drama and builds on the work of Deleuzian researcher Elizabeth St Pierre, relating her use of metaphor and figurations in research writing to the use of anti-naturalistic conventions in dramatic play. The article discusses the way in which some conventions invite replication of dominant storylines and subject positions while others more readily open up the play space for critical inquiry and the creation of new possibilities. It then proposes the need for new metaphors to enrich the use of drama as a method for critical inquiry.
Between popular traditions and forum theatre: Playing on the borders of Theatre of the Oppressed
Authors: Nogueira Marcia Pompeo , Gonçalves Reonaldo Manoel , Prentki Tim 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article focuses on a devising process linking forum theatre and a Brazilian popular tradition called Boi de Mamão, a mix of music, dance and theatre that has the death and resurrection of the bull as its main theme. Connecting a popular tradition and forum theatre means that we are working on the border between these two forms: the Boi de Mamão, with its characters that are constructed in dialogue with everyday life, with imagination; and forum theatre, which seeks to discuss complex issues related to oppression. Within this contact, the two grow up, allowing us to escape from the constraints that limit both practices: the abandonment of improvisation, the loss of dialogue with everyday life and the limits of imagination. Research on the role of the Joker, who tries to mediate the oppression of the characters without losing sight of the world of the popular tradition, was developed through theoretical and practical proposals for ‘fooling with the joker’.
La religión-género como mediación de socialidad y visibilidad un estudio de casos de las mujeres pertenecientes a comunidades religiosas minoritarias en Aragón
Authors: Sanz Hernández Alexia 
Published: July 2014

El artículo propone un análisis de la comprensiónque tienen las mujeres integrantes de comunidades religiosas minoritarias presentes en contextos urbanos aragoneses (musulmana, evangélica y ortodoxa) acerca de la mediación de dicha pertenencia y de su condición femenina, en sus dinámicas de visibilidad y de socialidad. Para ello, desde una perspectiva etnometodológica, se ha realizado un análisis del discurso obtenido a partir de entrevistas enprofundidad a mujeres pertenecientes a estas denominaciones religiosas minoritarias. Estas mujeres comparten una comprensión desu visibilidad marcada por una múltiple otredad: la que se derivade su religión, la de foraneidad que se asocia a la misma y la femenina.Al mismo tiempo, existe una dualidad emocional y funcional dela comunidad religiosa como mediación de las dinámicas de socialidad.Visibilidad y socialidad se articulan en la mediación que implicala condición femenina y la pertenencia religiosa de estas mujeres.
From nanoobject release of (Bio)nanomaterials to exposure
Authors: Fissan Heinz , Horn Hans-Georg , Stahlmecke Burkhard , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn increasing variety of different nanostructured materials including bionanomaterials are used. During synthesis, but also during use of nanostructured materials along their life-cycle, nanostructured materials and engineered nano-objects (ENO) – may be released into the environment. They will follow different exposure pathways and create an exposure concentration at the point of different biological systems, especially human beings. The inhalation pathway is of greatest importance with regard to health issues. The exposure concentration together with the breathing conditions integrated over time leads to the dose of the deposited material, which is of greatest interest for different effect studies. We discuss in this paper the kind of nanostructured material released from bionanomaterials into the environment. A large part of existing exposure studies in the literature is critically considered. A strategy is proposed to investigate in a more effective way the ENO-release from nanostructured materials as the first step of the exposure pathway. The release – exposure relationship as well as exposure – dose relationship for the case of inhalation is described leading to the possibility of tracing and ideally a complete balancing from ENO-release to dose. In the end the still needed activities for ENO-control methods in the environment are summarized.
A Multicast Routing to Improve Multicast Capacity with Minimal Network Coding Cellsin WDM Networks
Authors: Liu Huanlin , Zhou Bangtao , Chen Yong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMulticast routing based on network coding can save large wavelength channels with high network coding operation costs for the all-optical WDM network. An optical multicast routing algorithm based on minimum network coding cells to reach the multicast max-flow is proposed in the paper. The algorithm selects path in the
Evidence-Based Growth Hormone Therapy Prediction Models
Authors: Hindmarsh Peter C. , Cole Tim J. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Prediction models describing the response of various pathophysiological states to intervention can be of value in confirming a diagnosis, determining the prognosis and promoting compliance with treatment. The rigorous evaluation process of evidence-based medicine, used to assess any diagnostic test or therapeutic intervention, should be applied to studies reporting the development, validation and application of these prediction models. The models can provide only an estimate of the average effect to be expected, so the failure of an individual to exhibit an ‘average’ response does not necessarily imply a problem with that patient. Further development of the models is required to overcome inherent statistical problems and to allow greater applicability to the individual patient.
New Paradigms for Growth Hormone Treatment in the 21st Century: Prediction Models
Authors: Ranke M.B. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Inconsistent and sometimes disappointing final height outcomes in studies in which exogenous growth hormone (GH) was given to children with short stature resulting from various causes have led to attempts to determine the factors that influence responsiveness to GH. Many such factors have been identified, including the genetically determined height potential of the child, the height deficit, current and perinatal auxological and biological factors, and, importantly, GH treatment modalities. These factors vary depending on the cause of the growth failure and during the course of childhood and treatment with GH. Data from welldefined large cohorts can be entered into multiple regression analyses to derive algorithms describing the variation in growth response during a defined period and the influence on this of various factors. Pharmacoepidemiologic surveys have been particularly useful in this regard. Algorithms with low-error SD values, which have included the dose of GH as a variable, can be used to predict the response to a putative GH dose in a similar cohort or in an individual over an equivalent period. A sequential series of such algorithms can be integrated to form a predictive model. Such a model can be used for planning a course of treatment, but the patient data required for entry into the model should be easily obtainable if the model is to have widespread utility. The development of such models will allow GH treatment to be better individualized and optimized for growth and cost outcomes. Growth prediction models will facilitate realistic expectations and will permit stepwise goals to be set and monitored.
Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor Monitoring in Optimizing Growth Hormone Therapy
Authors: Wetterau Lawrence , Cohen Pinchas 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Much has been learned over the past two decades regarding the management of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in children and adolescents. Current GH therapy under ideal circumstances enables children to attain a final height within the normal range and close to their target height However, such a successful outcome is not always achieved and the necessity to individualize treatment according to the specific needs of each GH-deficient child is now well recognized. Consensus does not currently exist as to how to formulate individualized treatment plans. Nonetheless, a clear role for a biochemical, as well as an auxological, monitoring approach has been established. Accurate determinations of height velocity and interval height increase (expressed as the change in height Z-score) continue to be the most important parameters in monitoring the response to treatment. The importance of routinely monitoring serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 is an emerging paradigm. Firm roles have been established for this approach in the assurance of compliance and safety (particularly to avoid long-term theoretical risks). IGF monitoring also has important potential utility as a tool to assess and optimize the response to GH therapy through dose adjustments. In years to come, we expect the development of multiple GH treatment optimization strategies, including approaches such as prediction modeling, as well as serum IGF monitoring and dose adjustments, to evolve and improve.
Diagnosis of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young in the Pediatric Diabetes Clinic
Authors: Hattersley Andrew T. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
The diagnosis of pediatric diabetes mellitus (DM) traditionally is not considered a diagnostic specialty. However, considerable heterogeneity in the etiology of DM is seen among children and adolescents, making the recognition of discrete subgroups of DM very important for determining prognosis and appropriate treatment. The subgroups that result in non-insulindependent DM in children are as follows: the 'honeymoon' phase of type 1 DM, type 2 DM, genetic syndromes accompanied by DM, and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). The relative prevalence of these different subgroups depends on the population being studied. In the UK, in pediatric clinics where most patients are Caucasian, MODY is over 10 times more prevalent than type 2 DM. However, type 2 DM would predominate in a clinic where most children are from populations with a high prevalence of this condition (e.g. Asian Indians). It should be emphasized that MODY comprises two discrete clinical syndromes: glucokinase diabetes and transcription factor diabetes, the latter of which results from mutations in the genes encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-lα, HNF-lß, HNF-4α and insulin promoter factor-1.