bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembly and maintenance of the flagellum attachment zone filament in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Zhou Qing , Hu Huiqing , He Cynthia Y. , Li Ziyin 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Adhesion of motile flagella to the cell body in Trypanosoma brucei requires a filamentous cytoskeletal structure termed the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ). Despite its essentiality, the complete molecular composition of the FAZ filament and its roles in FAZ filament assembly remain poorly understood. By localization-based screening, we here identified a new FAZ protein, which we called FAZ2. Knockdown of FAZ2 disrupted the FAZ filament, destabilized multiple FAZ filament proteins and caused a cytokinesis defect. We also showed that FAZ2 depletion destabilized another new FAZ filament protein and several flagellum and cytoskeleton proteins. Furthermore, we identified CC2D and KMP11 as FAZ2 partners through affinity purification, and showed that they are each required for maintaining a stable complex. Finally, we demonstrated that FAZ filament proteins are incorporated into the FAZ filament from the proximal region, in contrast to the flagellum components, which are incorporated from the distal tip. In summary, we identified three new FAZ filament proteins and a FAZ filament protein complex, and our results suggest that assembly of the FAZ filament occurs at the proximal region and is essential to maintain the stability of FAZ filament proteins.
Application of Multivariate Curve Resolution Approaches to Improve Analytical Separation of Iranian Rice Volatiles by GC-MS
Authors: Malekzadeh Hanieh , Fatemi Mohammad H 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) methods are proposed to improve the analysis of volatile components of an Iranian rice sample (Domsiah) by headspace sampling coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 31 components was identified using similarity searches between mass spectra and mass spectrometry database. Then extended multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) by applying proper constraints is used to obtain pure elution and mass spectral profiles for the components present in each peak cluster. The resolved components were identified by similarity searches using the NIST mass database and their percentage were calculated for qualitative and quantitative analysis, respectively. The number of identified components was extended to 82 by applying the MCR-ALS techniques. The main identified volatile chemicals that were found in an Iranian rice sample (Domsiah) were; nonanal (18.22%), hexanal (14.33%), 2-benzoyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-methylidene-2H-1,3-benzothiazine (7.81%), epilophodione (7.023%), and 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene (6.61%).
Technological Literacy of Students As a Result of General Education
Authors: Махотин  , Makhotin Dmitriy 
Published: May 2015

With introduction and implementation of competency approach in education researchers have been giving insufficient attention to other categories
of evaluation of education, «literacy» in particular. The author in the article analyzes the domestic and foreign research on this issue and offers a new
understanding of literacy — technological literacy, which corresponds to the results of general education in accordance with the requirements of the
modern post-industrial society.
New ICT-competency of Teachers at Schools of Information Society
Authors: Кузнецова  , Kuznetsova M. , Цветкова  , Tsvetkova Marina , Абатурова  , Abaturova Valentina 
Published: May 2015

New economic and social traits of global society of knowledge dictate the necessity of forming new key competencies of knowledge society: professional,
social and informational, among which the last one (informational or ICT-competency) allows effective forming and developing not only professional,
but social competency as well, to which sufficient attention has not been paid, though it is directly connected to human factor, crucial for knowledge
society.
Child Movement in Russia As an Instrument of Modern Human Capital Development
Authors: Ермолин  , Ermolin A. 
Published: May 2015

In his article Child movement in Russia as an instrument of modern human capital development the author puts forward the problem of underestimating
and even complete ignoring children community unions while handling the task of preparing effective human potential for Russian regions. According
to author the State as the customer of human capital and the children movement as a potential contract accepter at key stages of forming required
values, competencies and traits, have not yet built regular “business” relationship: they have not defined exact goals of educational process according
to current labour market demands, and have not drawn ”game rules” for educators market. Fineness of the publication is due to the fact that many
advocates of pushing global human and Russian traditional spiritual values into education do not see themselves as professionals responsible for
forming competencies for success at modern labour markets as well. Even the terms human capital, educators market, personal development program
are strongly confronted by many teachers. But it is impossible not to talk about that. Especially after publishing State strategy of pedagogy in Russian
Federation up to 2025 and its stating the task of forming national pedagogical ideal.
Histone Sprocket Arginine Residues Are Important for Gene Expression, DNA Repair, and Cell Viability inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hodges Amelia J , Gallegos Isaura J , Laughery Marian F , Meas Rithy , Tran Linh , Wyrick John J 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA critical feature of the intermolecular contacts that bind DNA to the histone octamer is the series of histone arginine residues that insert into the DNA minor groove at each superhelical location where the minor groove faces the histone octamer. One of these “sprocket” arginine residues, histone H4 R45, significantly affects chromatin structure in vivo and is lethal when mutated to alanine or cysteine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast). However, the roles of the remaining sprocket arginine residues (H3 R63, H3 R83, H2A R43, H2B R36, H2A R78, H3 R49) in chromatin structure and other cellular processes have not been well characterized. We have genetically characterized mutations in each of these histone residues when introduced either singly or in combination to yeast cells. We find that pairs of arginine residues that bind DNA adjacent to the DNA exit/entry sites in the nucleosome are lethal in yeast when mutated in combination and cause a defect in histone occupancy. Furthermore, mutations in individual residues compromise repair of UV-induced DNA lesions and affect gene expression and cryptic transcription. This study reveals simple rules for how the location and structural mode of DNA binding influence the biological function of each histone sprocket arginine residue.
Multi-scale characterization and modelling of damage evolution in nuclear Gilsocarbon graphite
Authors: Liu Dong , Heard Peter , Šavija Branko , Smith Gillian , Schlangen Erik , Flewitt Peter 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn the present work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Gilsocarbon graphite have been characterized over a range of length-scales. Optical imaging, combined with 3D X-ray computed tomography and 3D high-resolution tomography based on focus ion beam milling has been adopted for microstructural characterization. A range of small-scale mechanical testing approaches are applied including an in situ micro-cantilever technique based in a Dualbeam workstation. It was found that pores ranging in size from nanometers to tens of micrometers in diameter are present which modify the deformation and fracture characteristics of the material. This multi-scale mechanical testing approach revealed the significant change of mechanical properties, for example flexural strength, of this graphite over the length-scale from a micrometer to tens of centimeters. Such differences emphasize why input parameters to numerical models have to be undertaken at the appropriate length-scale to allow predictions of the deformation, fracture and the stochastic features of the strength of the graphite with the required confidence. Finally, the results from a multi-scale model demonstrated that these data derived from the micro-scale tests can be extrapolated, with high confidence, to large components with realistic dimensions.
Space Environments and Effects on CIGS Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Kawakita Shirou , Imaizumi Mitsuru , Kusawake Hiroaki 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTCu (In, Ga) Se2 (CIGS) thin-film solar cells are optimal solar cells for spacecraft, since they have high efficiency, lightweight, flexible and high radiation tolerance. The CIGS solar module without a coverglass to prevent degradation in space has been demonstrated with a small satellite and its electrical performance indicates no degradation as predicted from ground tests. However, the cells need to prevent the damages from other effects in space. The paper introduces some space environment tests and how to improve performance in CIGS cells for spacecraft.
Optical Studies on VO2 Thin Films
Authors: Wang Lei , Beebe Melissa , Madaras Scott E. , Klopf John M. , Radue Elizabeth , Li Zhaozhu , Wincheski Russell A. , Lu Jiwei , Wolf Stuart A. , Novikova Irina , Lukaszew Rosa A. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe have been interested in the plasmonic properties of alternative conducting materials to metals, such as conducting oxides, and we have recently expanded our studies to include highly correlated oxides, such as vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films. VO2 exhibits a metal-insulator transition (MIT) just above ambient temperature at ∼ 340K. Interestingly, this transition can be induced thermally, optically or applying electric fields. Across the MIT, the optical properties are completely modified over a broad frequency range. We will present our recent optical investigations on the photon induced transition studies on such films, as well as the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) modulation in nanopatterned Au gratings by the thermally induced MIT in VO2 thin films, addressing possibilities of ultrafast SPR modulation with VO2.
Molecular Imprinted Hydrogels in Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Bates Jeffrey S. , Whitson Luke R. , Albertson Kelan M. , Hickerson Nathan S. , Nichols Patrick E. , Larson Bethany E. , Sparks Taylor D. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTMolecular imprinting is the process by which molecules are imprinted into the matrix of a material through non-covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. In this study hydrogels were imprinted with glaucoma medication with the purpose of creating a reusable ocular drug delivery device with reversible binding sites. The material was synthesized and tested with UV-Vis spectroscopy to determine the concentration of the released drug after twelve hours in distilled water. Modifications were made to the polymer to explore methods required for the proper delivery of the drug over an adequate period of time.
Novel Nanoscroll Structures from Carbon Nitride Layers
Authors: Perim Eric , Galvao Douglas S. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTNanoscrolls consist of sheets rolled up into a papyrus-like form. Their open ends produce great radial flexibility, which can be exploited for a large variety of applications, from actuators to hydrogen storage. They have been successfully synthesized from different materials, including carbon and boron nitride. In this work we have investigated, through fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, the dynamics of scroll formation for a series of graphene-like carbon nitride (CN) two-dimensional systems: g-CN, triazine-based (g-C3N4), and heptazine-based (g-C3N4). Carbon nitride (CN) structures have been attracting great attention since their prediction as super hard materials. Recently, graphene-like carbon nitride (g-CN) structures have been synthesized with distinct stoichiometry and morphologies. By combining these unique CN characteristics with the structural properties inherent to nanoscrolls new nanostructures with very attractive mechanical and electronic properties could be formed. Our results show that stable nanoscrolls can be formed for all of CN structures we have investigated here. As the CN sheets have been already synthesized, these new scrolled structures are perfectly feasible and within our present-day technology.
Sedentary Behavior as a Risk Factor for Physical Frailty Independent of Moderate Activity: Results From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Song Jing , Lindquist Lee A. , Chang Rowland W. , Semanik Pamela A. , Ehrlich-Jones Linda S. , Lee Jungwha , Sohn Min-Woong , Dunlop Dorothy D. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives. This prospective longitudinal study investigated the association between baseline objectively measured sedentary time and 2-year onset of physical frailty. Methods. We studied 1333 Osteoarthritis Initiative participants 55 to 83 years of age who were at risk for physical frailty, as assessed via low gait speed (< 0.6 m per second) or inability to perform a single chair stand. Baseline sedentary time was assessed through accelerometer monitoring. Hazard ratios (HRs) for physical frailty onset were estimated with discrete survival methods that controlled for moderate physical activity, sociodemographic characteristics, baseline gait and chair stand functioning, and health factors. Results. The incidence of physical frailty in this high-risk group was 20.7 per 1000 person-years. Greater baseline sedentary time (adjusted HR = 1.36 per sedentary hour; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02, 1.79) was significantly related to incident physical frailty after control for time spent in moderate-intensity activities and other covariates. Conclusions. Our prospective data demonstrated a strong relationship between daily sedentary time and development of physical frailty distinct from insufficient moderate activity. Interventions that promote reductions in sedentary behaviors in addition to increases in physical activity may help decrease physical frailty onset.
Sexual Orientation and Risk of Pregnancy Among New York City High-School Students
Authors: Lindley Lisa L. , Walsemann Katrina M. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We examined associations between sexual orientation and pregnancy risk among sexually experienced New York City high-school students. Methods. We analyzed data from 2005, 2007, and 2009 New York City Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. We excluded students who had never engaged in sexual intercourse, only had same-gender sexual partners, or had missing data on variables of interest, resulting in a final sample of 4892 female and 4811 male students. We employed multivariable logistic regression to examine pregnancy risk by sexual orientation, measured as self-reported sexual identity and gender of sexual partners, with adjustment for demographics and sexual behaviors. We stratified analyses by gender. Results. Overall, 14.3% of female and 10.8% of male students had experienced a pregnancy. Students who identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual or reported both male and female sexual partners had higher odds of pregnancy than heterosexual students or students who only had opposite-gender sexual partners. Sexual behaviors accounted for higher odds of pregnancy among female, but only partially accounted for higher odds of pregnancy involvement among male, sexual-minority students. Conclusions. Sexual orientation should be considered in future adolescent pregnancy-prevention efforts, including the design of pregnancy-prevention interventions.
Cautionary Notes on a Global Tiered Pricing Framework for Medicines
Authors: Williams Owain D. , Ooms Gorik , Hill Peter S. 
Published: May 2015

Recently, there has been a policy momentum toward creating a global tiered pricing framework, which would provide differentiated prices for medicines globally, based on each country’s capacity to pay. We studied the most influential proposals for a tiered pricing framework since the 1995 World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. We synthesized 6 critical questions to be addressed for a global framework to function and explored the many challenges of implementation. Although we acknowledge that there is the potential for an exceptional global commitment that would benefit both producers and those in developing countries in need of wider access to medicines, our greatest concern is to ensure that a global framework does not price out the poor from pharmaceutical markets nor threaten current flexibilities within the international patent regime.
Transit Use, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index Changes: Objective Measures Associated With Complete Street Light-Rail Construction
Authors: Brown Barbara B. , Werner Carol M. , Tribby Calvin P. , Miller Harvey J. , Smith Ken R. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We assessed effects on physical activity (PA) and weight among participants in a complete street intervention that extended a light-rail line in Salt Lake City, Utah. Methods. Participants in the Moving Across Places Study resided within 2 kilometers of the new line. They wore accelerometers and global positioning system (GPS) loggers for 1 week before and after rail construction. Regression analyses compared change scores of participants who never rode transit with continuing, former, and new riders, after adjustment for control variables (total n = 537). Results. New riders had significantly more accelerometer-measured counts per minute than never-riders (P < .01), and former riders had significantly fewer (P < .01). New riders lost (P < .05) and former riders gained (P < .01) weight. Former riders lost 6.4 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) per 10 hours of accelerometer wear (P < .01) and gained 16.4 minutes of sedentary time (P < .01). New riders gained 4.2 MVPA minutes (P < .05) and lost 12.8 (P < .05) sedentary minutes per 10 hours accelerometer wear. Conclusions. In light of the health benefits of transit ridership in the complete street area, research should address how to encourage more sustained ridership.
Initiation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Predominantly Minority Female and Male Adolescents at Inner-City Community Health Centers
Authors: Btoush Rula M. , Brown Diane R. , Fogarty Sushanna , Carmody Dennis P. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We examined the prevalence and correlates of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation among adolescents in low-income, urban areas.Methods. The study consisted of electronic health record data on HPV vaccination for 3180 adolescents (aged 10–20 years) at a multisite community health center in 2011.Results. Only 27% initiated the HPV vaccine. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of HPV vaccination was lower among older adolescents (AOR = 0.552; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.424, 0.718) and those seen by nonpediatric health care providers (HCPs; AOR = 0.311; 95% CI = 0.222, 0.435), and higher among non-English speakers (AOR = 1.409; 95% CI = 1.134, 1.751) and those seen at 2 site locations (AOR = 1.890; 95% CI = 1.547, 2.311). Insurance status was significant only among female and Hispanic adolescents. Language was not a predictor among Hispanic adolescents. Across all analyses, the interaction of age and HCP specialty was associated with HPV vaccination. Dramatically lower HPV vaccination rates were found among older adolescents seen by nonpediatric HCPs (3%–5%) than among other adolescents (23%–45%).Conclusions. Improving HPV vaccination initiation in low-income urban areas is critical to reducing disparities in cervical and other HPV-related cancer, especially among Black, Hispanic, and low-income populations.
Estimating the Number of Patients Infected With Chronic HCV in the United States Who Meet Highest or High-Priority Treatment Criteria
Authors: Xu Fujie , Leidner Andrew J. , Tong Xin , Holmberg Scott D. 
Published: May 2015

We estimated the number of people infected with HCV in the United States who would qualify for immediate treatment according to the 2014 guidance. We based fibrosis stage on biopsy results, when available, or on FIB-4 scores. We used laboratory tests and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes to determine if patients had any qualifying comorbidities. Of the 2.7 million people with HCV infection, we assumed that 1.35 million (50%) had been diagnosed. We estimated 457 000 met the highest and 356 000 the high-priority criteria for treatment, indicating that as many as 813 000 people could be treated immediately with new therapies. These estimates can inform planning efforts to address clinical capacity constraints and treatment costs.
Vascular Malformations Corresponding to Sclerotomes in Multifocal Melorheostosis: Painful Hip and Knee Contractures Treated with Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Shin Sung-Jin , Nam Uk , Kim Sang-Rim , Kim Hee Joong , Dimitriou Dimitris , Li Guoan , Kwon Young-Min , Rubash Harry , Nam Kwang Woo 
Published: May 2015

Case:
A forty-three-year-old male patient complained of difficulty walking due to severe hip and knee pain and stiffness, which had persisted for twenty years. He was found to have multifocal melorheostosis involving the axial skeleton and the entire left lower limb, along with complex vascular and lymphatic malformations corresponding to the sclerotomes related to the skeletal anomalies. Total hip and knee arthroplasties were performed. He was eventually free of pain during walking, and joint motion of the hip and knee was substantially improved after surgery.

Conclusion:
Hip and knee pain and contracture resulting from multifocal melorheostosis were successfully treated with total hip and knee arthroplasty.
Use of Water Vapor Desorption Data in the Determination of Capillary Pressures
Authors: Melrose J. C. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The equilibrium conditions applicable to a single liquid phase held by capillary forces within the pore space of a reservoir rock sample are reviewed. It is shown that, if the conditions for both chemical and capillary equilibrium are satisfied, an extended form of the classical Kelvin relationship is obtained. Using available thermodynamic data, it is also shown that the classical form of the Kelvin relationship can be used to compute air/brine capillary pressures for core plug samples. Experi-mentally, it is only necessary to allow such samples to reach equilibrium in a constant vapor pressure environment. Thus, the conventional methods for determining capillary pressures can be usefully supplemented by vapor phase desorption experiments. Although such experiments require relatively long equilibration times, they are simple to perform and are free from the difficulties common to other methods. A convenient way to establish a constant vapor pressure environment is to use saturated solutions of such salts as BaCl2, KNO3, and K2SO4. The available vapor pressure data for these solutions are reviewed and tabulated. Using these data Kelvin capillary pressures are calculated for a range of NaCl brine compositions and a range of temperatures. Some preliminary data using this technique are reported for a pair of matched Berea core plugs of approximately 10 cm3 pore volume.
Future Applications of Expert Systems for the Evaluation of Energy Resources
Authors: Miller B. M. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
The loss of professional experience and expertise in the domain of the earth sciences may prove to be one of the most serious outcomes of the boom-and-bust cyclic nature of the volatile energy and mining industries. Promising new applications of powerful computer systems, known as "expert systems" or "knowledge-based systems", are predicted for use in the earth sciences. These systems have the potential capability to capture and preserve the invaluable knowledge bases essential to the evaluation of the Nation's energy and mineral resources.