bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial approaches to participation in BRCA1/2 genetic risk assessment among African American women: a systematic review
Authors: Sherman Kerry A. , Miller Suzanne M. , Shaw Laura-Kate , Cavanagh Karen , Sheinfeld Gorin Sherri 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBreast cancer is a significant health concern for African American women. Nonetheless, uptake of genetic risk assessment (including both genetic counseling and testing) for breast cancer gene mutations among these populations remains low. This paper systematically reviews cognitive (i.e., beliefs) and affective (i.e., emotions) factors influencingBRCA1/2genetic risk assessment among African American women as well as psychosocial interventions to facilitate informed decision making in this population. A systematic search of CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO was undertaken, yielding 112 published studies. Of these, 18 met the eligibility criteria. African American woman are likely to participate in genetic risk assessment if they are knowledgeable about cancer genetics, perceive a high risk of developing breast cancer, have low expectancies of stigmatization from medical professionals, view themselves as independent from family, and have fatalistic beliefs and a future temporal orientation. Anticipated negative affective responses, such as an inability to “handle” the results of testing, are barriers to uptake. Specific perceptions, beliefs, and emotional factors are associated with genetic risk assessment among African American women. Understanding these factors is key in the development of interventions to facilitate informed decision making in this population.
Pflegebedürftigkeit und Multimorbidität
Authors: Kojer Marina 
Published: August 2013

EinleitungMenschen, die derzeit in Pflegeheimen betreut werden, sind in der Regel hochbetagt und fortgeschritten multimorbid. Die Mehrzahl von ihnen ist an Demenz erkrankt. Daher haben sich die Hauptaufgaben der Pflegeheime in den vergangenen 25 Jahren grundlegend verändert. Gute Lebensqualität für die Betroffenen kann nur durch fachgerechte Pflegeleistungen, professionelle geriatrische und palliativmedizinische Behandlung, sowie Kompetenz aller Mitarbeiter in Kommunikation mit Menschen mit Demenz gewährleistet werden.
Palliativversorgung – Konzepte und Strukturen
Authors: Schneider Nils 
Published: August 2013

Einleitung
Die meisten Menschen können in der letzten Lebensphase im Rahmen der Primärversorgung vor allem durch Hausärzte und ambulante Pflegedienste betreut werden. Ein Teil der Betroffenen (ca. 10-15%) hat jedoch einen komplexeren Versorgungsbedarf, so dass eine spezialisierte ambulante Palliativversorgung erforderlich ist. Die Differenzierung zwischen allgemeiner und spezialisierter Palliativversorgung findet sich auch im Krankenhaus (Normalstation, Palliativstation, palliativer Konsiliardienst).
Gesundheitsberufe für die letzte Lebensphase in Deutschland: aktuelle Qualifikationen und zukünftige Erfordernisse
Authors: Seibel Katharina , Becker Gerhild 
Published: August 2013

Einleitung
Vertreter von Gesundheitsberufen begegnen heute häufig Palliativpatienten. Diese Kontakte werden sich auf Grund des demografischen Wandels und der epidemiologischen Entwicklungen zukünftig mehren. Angesichts dieses steigenden palliativmedizinischen Betreuungsbedarfs sowie der komplexen Kompetenzerfordernisse für palliativmedizinische Aufgaben sollte es zu einem verstärkten strukturellen Ausbau der Aus- und Weiterbildung in Palliative Care kommen.
Die gesellschaftliche Sicht auf das Sterben
Authors: Stößel Ulrich 
Published: August 2013

Einleitung
Mit der zunehmend - auch den öffentlichen Diskurs - beschäftigenden Frage nach der in einer Gesellschaft für angemessen gehaltenen Gestaltung des Lebensendes, tritt nunmehr auch die Public Health Perspektive eines ‚guten Sterbens‘ in den Vordergrund. Diese wird anhand aktueller Publikationen vorgestellt.
Response of General Practitioners to Infectious Disease Public Health Crises: An Integrative Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Kunin Marina , Engelhard Dan , Piterman Leon , Thomas Shane 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectivePrevious research has identified gaps in pandemic response planning for primary care. Identifying the challenges that general practitioners (GPs) face during public health crises of infectious diseases will help to improve prepandemic planning. In this integrative systematic review, we identified research-based evidence to (1) challenges that GPs have when participating in pandemics or epidemics and (2) whether GPs from different countries encountered different challenges.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases during October to November 2012 to identify studies relevant to experience by GPs during epidemics or pandemics.ResultsSix quantitative, 2 mixed method, and 2 qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. The challenges identified were not exclusive to specific countries and encompassed different responses to outbreaks. These challenges included difficulties with information access; supply and use of personal protective equipment; performing public health responsibilities; obtaining support from the authorities; appropriate training; and the emotional effects of participating in the response to an infectious disease with unknown characteristics and lethality.ConclusionGPs’ response to public health crises in different countries presents potential for improving pandemic preparedness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1-12)
Red Wines of Médoc: What is Wine Tasting Worth?
Authors: Ginsburgh Victor , Monzak Muriel , Monzak Andras 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWinemaking is a highly complex technology. It needs inputs over which there is no control (good weather conditions), initial endowments which can hardly be modified (soil, exposure of the slopes), inputs which take 20 to 30 years before producing good quality outputs (vines), manual operations (picking), mechanical operations (crushing, racking) and chemical processes (during fermentation). In the paper, we disentangle the production technology, and try to quantify the impact on prices (qualities) of each of the many inputs (including weather conditions) and steps used in producing wine in Médoc. We show that technology and weather conditions are able to explain two thirds of the variance of prices; when reputation effects (based on the wine classification made in 1855) are included, this proportion rises to almost 85%. This suggests either that “classified” producers are able to charge higher prices, or that the classification is a measure of quality reflected by prices. We also show that two of the more recent attempts at classifying wines are not as good at explaining prices than the official (and old) 1855 classification. (JEL Classification: L66, Z19, C5, D4)
Savage numbers and the evolution of civilization in Victorian prehistory
Authors: BARANY MICHAEL J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper identifies ‘savage numbers’ – number-like or number-replacing concepts and practices attributed to peoples viewed as civilizationally inferior – as a crucial and hitherto unrecognized body of evidence in the first two decades of the Victorian science of prehistory. It traces the changing and often ambivalent status of savage numbers in the period after the 1858–1859 ‘time revolution’ in the human sciences by following successive reappropriations of an iconic 1853 story from Francis Galton's African travels. In response to a fundamental lack of physical evidence concerning prehistoric men, savage numbers offered a readily available body of data that helped scholars envisage great extremes of civilizational lowliness in a way that was at once analysable and comparable, and anecdotes like Galton's made those data vivid and compelling. Moreover, they provided a simple and direct means of conceiving of the progressive scale of civilizational development, uniting societies and races past and present, at the heart of Victorian scientific racism.
Gamma camera imaging for studying intestinal absorption and whole-body distribution of selenomethionine
Authors: Madsen Jan L. , Sjögreen-Gleisner Katarina , Elema Dennis R. , Søndergaard Lasse R. , Rasmussen Palle , Fuglsang Stefan , Ljungberg Michael , Damgaard Morten 
Published: August 2013

Se metabolism in humans is not well characterised. Currently, the estimates of Se absorption, whole-body retention and excretion are being obtained from balance and tracer studies. In the present study, we used gamma camera imaging to evaluate the whole-body retention and distribution of radiolabelled selenomethionine (SeMet), the predominant form of Se present in foods. A total of eight healthy young men participated in the study. After consumption of a meal containing 4 MBq [75Se]l-SeMet ([75Se]SeMet), whole-body gamma camera scanning was performed for 45 min every hour over a 6 h period, every second hour for the next 18 h and once on each of the subsequent 6 d. Blood, urine and faecal samples were collected to determine the plasma content of [75Se]SeMet as well as its excretion in urine and faeces. Imaging showed that 87·9 (sd 3·3) % of the administered activity of [75Se]SeMet was retained within the body after 7 d. In contrast, the measured excretion in urine and faeces for the 7 d period was 8·2 (sd 1·1) % of the activity. Time–activity curves were generated for the whole body, stomach, liver, abdomen (other than the stomach and the liver), brain and femoral muscles. Gamma camera imaging allows for the assessment of the postprandial absorption of SeMet. This technique may also permit concurrent studies of organ turnover of SeMet.
Exact solution to neutrino-plasma two-flavor dynamics
Authors: HAAS FERNANDO , MENDONÇA JOSÉ T. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIt is shown that the two-flavor neutrino oscillation equations admit an exact analytic solution for arbitrarily chosen normalized electron neutrino population, provided the electron plasma density is adjusted in a certain way. The associated formula for the electron plasma density is applied to the cases of exponentially decaying or oscillating electron neutrino populations.
Target-based drug discovery for human African trypanosomiasis: selection of molecular target and chemical matter
Authors: GILBERT IAN H. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYTarget-based approaches for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and related parasites can be a valuable route for drug discovery for these diseases. However, care needs to be taken in selection of both the actual drug target and the chemical matter that is developed. In this article, potential criteria to aid target selection are described. Then the physiochemical properties of typical oral drugs are discussed and compared to those of known anti-parasitics.
Crises and Crashes: Argentina 1825-2002
Authors: Cerro Ana María , Meloni Osvaldo 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is twofold. First, it identifies and categorizes the currency crises suffered by Argentina from 1825 to 2002. Second, it looks for regularities in the behaviour of key macroeconomic variables in the neighbourhood of crises by means of graphic analysis, non-parametric and econometric techniques. We found that expansions in public expenditures as well as increases in the debt to GDP ratio and falls in the rate of growth of bank deposits contribute to spur the probability of crisis. Unfavourable external conditions, jointly with domestic imbalances, help to explain very deep crises or crashes.
Forest ecosystem services and biodiversity in contrasting Himalayan forest management systems
Authors: MÅREN INGER E. , BHATTARAI KHEM R. , CHAUDHARY RAM P. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYIn developing countries, the landscape surrounding agricultural land is important for maintaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem services. Forests provide a full suite of goods and services to subsistence farmers in the Himalayan agro-ecological system. The effects of biomass outtake on woody species richness and composition were analysed in forests under communal and government management. Interviews on forest use and perception of forest condition and ecosystem service delivery were conducted in farmer households bordering the forests. Significantly more woody species were found in the community managed forests. Species richness was negatively correlated with walking distance from the nearest village and increasing levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Community forests were generally less degraded than government managed forests, giving support to common pool resource management. Woody vegetation represented a crucial source of fuelwood, timber, fodder, and edible, aromatic and medicinal plants. Using a multidisciplinary framework to analyse ecosystem integrity and ecosystem service delivery enabled a finer understanding of these complex agro-ecological systems, giving support to evidence-based management and conservation planning for the future.
Effect of mood stabilizers on DNA methylation in human neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Asai Tatsuro , Bundo Miki , Sugawara Hiroko , Sunaga Fumiko , Ueda Junko , Tanaka Gen , Ishigooka Jun , Kasai Kiyoto , Kato Tadafumi , Iwamoto Kazuya 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Unraveling the epigenetic status of neuronal cells in the brain is critical to our understanding of the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, which may reflect a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Several epigenetic studies of mood disorders have been conducted with postmortem brains. However, proper interpretation of the results is hampered by our scant understanding of the effects of mood stabilizers on the epigenetic status of neuronal cells. We performed both comprehensive and gene-specific analyses to examine DNA methylation in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells treated with three mood stabilizers: lithium, valproate and carbamazepine. Measurement of the level of DNA methylation of about 27 000 CpG sites revealed a profound epigenetic effect of lithium, compared with the two other mood stabilizers. In addition, we found that the mood stabilizers have common epigenetic targets and a propensity to increase DNA methylation. Gene-specific analysis involved detailed analysis of the methylation of promoter regions of SLC6A4 and BDNF, both of which have been reported to show altered DNA methylation in bipolar disorder patients or suicide victims, by extensive bisulfite sequencing. We did not observe significant changes in DNA methylation at BDNF promoter IV. However, we found that CpG sites of SLC6A4, which were hypermethylated in patients with bipolar disorder, were hypomethylated in the neuroblastoma cells treated with mood stabilizers. Our results will contribute to a better understanding of the epigenetic changes associated with mood disorders, and they also provide new insight into the mechanisms of action of mood stabilizers.
Complexity of super-coherence problems in ASP
Authors: ALVIANO MARIO , FABER WOLFGANG , WOLTRAN STEFAN 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAdapting techniques from database theory in order to optimize Answer Set Programming (ASP) systems, and in particular the grounding components of ASP systems, is an important topic in ASP. In recent years, the Magic Set method has received some interest in this setting, and a variant of it, called Dynamic Magic Set, has been proposed for ASP. However, this technique has a caveat, because it is not correct (in the sense of being query-equivalent) for all ASP programs. In a recent work, a large fragment of ASP programs, referred to assuper-coherent programs, has been identified, for which Dynamic Magic Set is correct. The fragment contains all programs which possess at least one answer set, no matter which set of facts is added to them. Two open question remained: How complex is it to determine whether a given program is super-coherent? Does the restriction to super-coherent programs limit the problems that can be solved? Especially the first question turned out to be quite difficult to answer precisely. In this paper, we formally prove that deciding whether a propositional program is super-coherent is Π3P-complete in the disjunctive case, while it is Π2P-complete for normal programs. The hardness proofs are the difficult part in this endeavor: We proceed by characterizing the reductions by the models and reduct models which the ASP programs should have, and then provide instantiations that meet the given specifications. Concerning the second question, we show that all relevant ASP reasoning tasks can be transformed into tasks over super-coherent programs, although this transformation is more of theoretical than practical interest.
Optimal multibinding unification for sharing and linearity analysis
Authors: AMATO GIANLUCA , SCOZZARI FRANCESCA 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn the analysis of logic programs, abstract domains for detecting sharing properties are widely used. Recently, the new domain ${\mathtt{ShLin}^{\omega}}$ has been introduced to generalize both sharing and linearity information. This domain is endowed with an optimal abstract operator for single-binding unification. The authors claim that the repeated application of this operator is also optimal for multibinding unification. This is the proof of such a claim.
Barriers and bridges to the adoption of biodegradable plastic mulches for US specialty crop production
Authors: Goldberger Jessica R. , Jones Robert Emmet , Miles Carol A. , Wallace Russell W. , Inglis Debra A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCommercial farmers have been using polyethylene plastic mulch since the 1950s. Despite the affordability and effectiveness of polyethylene mulch, the disposal process is financially and environmentally costly. Biodegradable plastic mulches, an ecologically sustainable alternative to polyethylene mulch films, were introduced in the 1980s. Biodegradable plastic mulches can be tilled into the soil or composted at the end of the season, reducing the labor and environmental costs associated with plastic removal and disposal. However, research results are mixed as to the effectiveness, degradability and ease-of-use of biodegradable plastic mulches. In 2008–2012, researchers, funded by a USDA Specialty Crop Research Initiative grant, conducted surveys and focus groups in three different agricultural regions of the USA to better understand the barriers and bridges to the adoption of biodegradable plastic mulches for specialty crop production systems. Data on the experiences and views of specialty crop growers, agricultural extension agents, agricultural input suppliers, mulch manufacturers and other stakeholders showed that the major adoption barriers were insufficient knowledge, high cost and unpredictable breakdown. The major bridges to adoption were reduced waste, environmental benefits and interest in further learning. These findings are discussed with reference to the classic innovation diffusion model, specifically work on the innovation–decision process and the attributes of innovations. The study results can be used to guide the activities of those involved in the design, development and promotion of biodegradable plastic mulches for US specialty crop production systems.
Quantum Corrections Crossover and Ferromagnetism in Magnetic Topological Insulators
Authors: Bao Lihong , Wang Weiyi , Meyer Nicholas , Liu Yanwen , Zhang Cheng , Wang Kai , Ai Ping , Xiu Faxian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRevelation of emerging exotic states of topological insulators (TIs) for future quantum computing applications relies on breaking time-reversal symmetry and opening a surface energy gap. Here, we report on the transport response of Bi2Te3 TI thin films in the presence of varying Cr dopants. By tracking the magnetoconductance (MC) in a low doping regime we observed a progressive crossover from weak antilocalization (WAL) to weak localization (WL) as the Cr concentration increases. In a high doping regime, however, increasing Cr concentration yields a monotonically enhanced anomalous Hall effect (AHE) accompanied by an increasing carrier density. Our results demonstrate a possibility of manipulating bulk ferromagnetism and quantum transport in magnetic TI, thus providing an alternative way for experimentally realizing exotic quantum states required by spintronic applications.
Excited states of aniline by photoabsorption spectroscopy in the 30 000–90 000 cm−1 region using synchrotron radiation
Authors: Rajasekhar B. N. , Veeraiah A. , Sunanda K. , Jagatap B. N. 
Published: August 2013

The photoabsorption spectrum of aniline (C6H5NH2) in gas phase in the 30 000–90 000 cm−1 (3.7–11.2 eV) region is recorded at resolution limit of 0.008 eV using synchrotron radiation source for the first time to comprehend the nature of the excited valence and Rydberg states. The first half of the energy interval constitutes the richly structured valence transitions from the ground to excited states up to the first ionization potential (IP) at 8.02 eV. The spectrum in the second half consists of vibrational features up to second IP (9.12 eV) and structureless broad continuum up to the third IP (10.78 eV). The electronic states are assigned mainly to the singlets belonging to π → π* transitions. A few weak initial members of Rydberg states arising from π → 4s, np or nd transitions are also identified. Observed vibrational features are assigned to transitions from the ground state A′ to the excited states 1A″, 3A′, 5A,″ 6A′, and 10A″ in Cs symmetry. Time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations at B3LYP level of theory are employed to obtain the vertical excitation energies and the symmetries of the excited states in equilibrium configuration. The computed values of the transition energies agree fairly well with the experimental data. Further the calculated oscillator strengths are used to substantiate the assignments of the bands. The work provides a comprehensive picture of the vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectrum of aniline up to its third ionization limit.
UVB radiation generates sunburn pain and affects skin by activating epidermal TRPV4 ion channels and triggering endothelin-1 signaling
Authors: Moore Carlene , Cevikbas Ferda , Pasolli H. Amalia , Chen Yong , Kong Wei , Kempkes Cordula , Parekh Puja , Lee Suk Hee , Kontchou Nelly-Ange , Yeh Iwei , Jokerst Nan Marie , Fuchs Elaine , Steinhoff Martin , Liedtke Wolfgang B. 
Published: August 2013

Significance
Skin protects against harmful external cues, one of them UV radiation, which, upon overexposure, causes sunburn as part of the UVB response. Using genetically engineered mice and cultured skin epithelial cells, we have identified the calcium-permeable TRPV4 ion channel in skin epithelial cells as critical for translating the UVB stimulus into intracellular signals and also into signals from epithelial skin cell to sensory nerve cell that innervates the skin, causing pain. These signaling mechanisms underlie sunburn and in particular sunburn-associated pain. Thus, activation of TRPV4 in skin by UVB evokes sunburn pain, highlighting the forefront-signaling role of the skin and TRPV4.
Neither Persons nor Associations
Authors: Ciepley David 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article challenges the practice of extending constitutional rights to corporations. Drawing on recent corporate law scholarship, it shows that a corporation is neither an association of natural persons nor an independent person (or “real entity”) itself. The rights of natural persons thus do not pass to it. Instead, the corporation is an abstract, property-owning legal entity entirely distinct from its members that owes its very existence to a complex of legal privileges granted by government. Having been constituted by government, the corporation cannot properly assert constitutional rights against it. Corporations have only what rights they are granted by charter or statute, and these do not and cannot include constitutional rights.