bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managerialism and the Catholic Deficit
Authors: McDonough Peter 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This chapters sorts out the reasons behind the Catholic “deficit,” the shortfall of participation among Catholic compared to members of other denominations. Low involvement grows out of a tradition of deference to clerical hierarchy, and it almost certainly goes hand in hand with the relatively modest donations registered by Catholics. However, there is little indication that the participatory gap has grown larger. The increasing bureaucratization of social services and a consequent marginalization of voluntarism may have driven down participation, but professionalization is not peculiar to the Catholic church. In the end, a widespread culture of apathy combines with a tendency for comparatively observant Catholics to be somewhat more conservative than their less involved peers, and this phenomenon makes for sluggish response to efforts at reform.
FutureChurch and the Fog of Reform
Authors: McDonough Peter 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This chapters looks at FutureChurch—and along the way Call to Action (CTA) as well as VOTF. All of these organizations challenge, to varying degrees, the doctrinal orthodoxy as well as the behavioral and institutional customs of Catholicism. Founded in the bicentennial year 1976 under the auspices of the American bishops, CTA soon broke away to press for women's ordination, optional celibacy for the priesthood, and similar causes. Sr. Christine Schenk founded FutureChurch in the Cleveland area in the 1990s and has concentrated on promoting the “female diaconate”—that is, allowing women to be ordained as permanent deacons, a step just below the priesthood in the Catholic hierarchy. Schenk's agenda opens up a gray area between permissible and expressly forbidden change. Her advocacy inside the church is analogous to the liberalization that John Courtney Murray sought decades earlier in the relations between church and state.
In the Labyrinth
Authors: McDonough Peter 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This chapter examines the uncertainties along the path of pragmatic reform that Roundtable insiders try to adhere to. One Roundtable member, retired General James Dubik, oversaw the design of a website, CatholicPastors.org, to facilitate confidential exchange among young priests as they learn how to carry out leadership tasks as pastors. The innovation circumvents direct challenges to the ecclesiastical hierarchy, but its execution has lagged because of doubts about its viability in an organizational culture accustomed to surveillance. Chuck Geschke, co-founder of the software giant Adobe Systems, expresses his doubts about the church's exclusionary stance regarding women and gays and its dogmatism about sexuality in general. Robert Bennett, former head of the sexual abuse task force appointed by the bishops, voices similar misgivings. In the midst of these qualms, the Roundtable continues to accentuate reforms that seek to grow the size of the pie rather than redistribute power directly.
Osteointegration and Resorption of Intravertebral and Extravertebral Calcium Phosphate Cement
Authors: Klein Roman , Tetzlaff Ralf , Weiss Christel , Schäfer Meike-Kristina , Tanner Michael , Wiedenhöfer Bernd , Grafe Ingo , Meeder Peter-Jürgen , Noeldge Gerd , Nawroth Peter P. , Kasperk Christian 
Published: October 2013

Study Design:
Eleven patients with painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures who underwent kyphoplasty using calcium phosphate (CaP) cement were followed up for 1 week, 1, 2, and 3 years in a monocentric, nonrandomized, noncontrolled retrospective trial.

Objective:
This study investigates long-term radiomorphologic features of intraosseous CaP cement implants and of extraosseous CaP cement leakages for up to 3 years after implantation by kyphoplasty.

Summary of Background Data:
Kyphoplasty is frequently used for the treatment of painful osteoporotic fractures. Of the materials available, CaP is frequently used as a filling material. Resorption of this material is frequently observed, although clinical outcome is comparable with other cements.

Methods:
Kyphoplasty utilizing CaP cement was performed in 11 patients with painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. All patients received a pharmacological antiosteoporosis treatment consisting of calcium, vitamin D, and a standard dose of oral bisphosphonates. Radiomorphologic measurements, pain, and mobility were assessed.

Results:
Intraosseous and extraosseous CaP cement volumes decreased significantly over 3 years. However, vertebral stability as determined by a constant vertebral body height and the sagittal index was not impaired. Pain improved significantly 2 years after implantation and the mobility scores 1 year after kyphoplasty at least until the third year.

Conclusions:
Intravertebral CaP cement implants are resorbed slowly over time without jeopardizing stability and clinical outcomes most likely because of a slowly progressing osseous replacement. Extraosseous CaP cement material because of leakages during the kyphoplasty procedure is almost completely resorbed as early as 2 years after the leakage occurred. Therefore, CaP cement is an important alternative to PMMA-based cement materials utilized for kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
4-[2-(Pyridin-1-ium-4-yl)ethyl]pyridin-1-ium bis(2,6-dinitrobenzoate)
Authors: Arman Hadi D. , Miller Tyler , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: October 2013

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C12H14N22+·2C7H3N2O6−, comprises half a 4-[2-(pyridin-1-ium-4-yl)ethyl]pyridin-1-ium dication, being disposed about a centre of inversion, and a 2,6-dinitrobenzoate anion, in a general position. In the anion, the carboxylate group is inclined to the benzene ring [dihedral angle = 85.45 (9)°], whereas near-coplanar and twisted arrangements are found for the nitro groups [O—N—C—C torsion angles = 179.80 (14) and 20.2 (2)°]. In the crystal, three-component aggregates sustained by charge-assisted N+—H...O−hydrogen bonds are found and these are consolidated into a three-dimensional architecture by C—H...O and π–π [inter-centroid distances = 3.6796 (14) and 3.7064 (14) Å] interactions.
Poor Functional Status as a Risk Factor for Severe Clostridium difficile Infection in Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Rao Krishna , Micic Dejan , Chenoweth Elizabeth , Deng Lili , Galecki Andrzej T. , Ring Cathrin , Young Vincent B. , Aronoff David M. , Malani Preeti N. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo determine the role of impaired functional status as a risk factor for severe Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in older adults.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingUniversity of Michigan Health System, a 930‐bed tertiary care hospital.ParticipantsHospitalized individuals with CDI aged 50 and older.MeasurementsDemographic and clinical characteristics and a composite outcome, CDI severity score: fever (>38°C), acute organ dysfunction, white blood cell count greater than 15,000/μL, lack of response to therapy, intensive care unit admission, need for colectomy, or death from CDI. Preadmission functional status was assessed according to ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs); participants were assigned to an ADL class (independent, some assistance, full assistance). Secondary outcomes included length of stay, 90‐day mortality and readmission, and CDI recurrence.ResultsNinety hospitalized individuals with CDI were identified (mean age 66.6 ± 10.2); 58 (64.4%) had severe CDI as measured according to a positive severity score. At baseline, 25 (27.8%) required assistance with ADLs. On univariate analysis, ADL class of full assistance was associated with a positive severity score (odds ratio (OR) = 7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.83–26.79, P = .004). In a multivariable model including age, ADL class, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, depression, weighted Charlson‐Deyo comorbidity score, immunosuppression, prior CDI, and proton pump inhibitor use, an ADL class of full assistance retained its association with a positive severity score (OR = 8.1, 95% CI = 1.24–52.95, P = .03). ADL class was not associated with secondary outcomes.ConclusionIn this cohort of hospitalized older adults, impaired functional status was an independent risk factor for severe CDI.
Association of Inflammation with Loss of Ability to Walk 400 Meters: Longitudinal Findings from the Invecchiare in Chianti Study
Authors: Vasunilashorn Sarinnapha , Ferrucci Luigi , Crimmins Eileen M. , Bandinelli Stefania , Guralnik Jack M. , Patel Kushang V. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo examine relationships between eight markers of inflammation (interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐6 receptor (R), C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha, TNF receptor 1 (R1), TNFR2, IL‐1 receptor antagonist, IL‐18) and incident loss of ability to walk 400 m.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingOlder adults enrolled in the Invecchiare in Chianti Study.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling participants aged 65 and older (N = 1,006).MeasurementsThe eight inflammatory markers were measured at baseline, and an inflammation score was calculated based on the number of inflammatory markers for which the participant was in the highest quartile. Incidence of mobility disability was determined in participants able to walk 400 m at baseline. Logistic regression models were used to determine whether each of the inflammatory markers and the inflammation score predicted loss of the ability to walk 400 m at 6‐year follow‐up.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, individuals with a TNFR1 level in each of the highest three quartiles (Q2, 3, 4) were more likely to be unable to walk 400 m at follow‐up than those with TNFR1 levels in Q1. When adjusting for the same covariates, participants with an inflammation score of 3 or 4 were more likely to become unable to walk 400 m at follow‐up than participants with a score of 0.ConclusionThese results provide additional evidence that inflammation is a factor in the mechanisms that cause incident mobility disability and suggest that a combined measure of inflammatory markers may improve prediction of functional prognosis.
Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Limitations and Supports in a Clinic Population of Low‐Income Puerto Rican Elderly Adults with Chronic Diseases
Authors: Zayas Luis E. , Wisniewski Angela M. , Kennedy Teri 
Published: October 2013

Latino older adults in the United States have disproportionately high rates of chronic and disabling medical conditions. Puerto Ricans have a higher prevalence of several chronic medical conditions and higher rates of functional disability than other Latinos. Earlier studies have documented that Puerto Rican older adults traditionally have relied mostly on family members for assistance with their functional needs, with low use of formal support services, but little is known about their functional help needs and caregiving practices. This study examined independent living and caregiving practices of community‐dwelling Puerto Rican older adults in western New York using a mixed‐methods approach with a sample of 49 individuals attending an inner‐city primary care clinic. Standard instruments were used to obtain information on socioeconomic and health status and functional ability. Forty participants who needed help with any instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) were probed qualitatively for how their needs were addressed. Participants averaged six chronic medical conditions, mean age was 76.2 ± 5.3, most reported annual household income of $15,000 or less and had low fluency in English, and all had healthcare insurance. For the most part, participants' children and spouses were primary caregivers, and few used formal support services. Nearly one‐third reported having insufficient help. Qualitative findings elucidated how IADL needs were addressed. In this sample of indigent Puerto Rican older adults, most needed help with IADLs. Although family members most often helped, one‐third had unmet or undermet needs. Linguistically and culturally congruent formal support services are still needed for Puerto Rican older adults and their family caregivers.
BMS-986001, an HIV Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Does Not Degrade Mitochondrial DNA in Long-Term Primary Cultures of Cells Isolated from Human Kidney, Muscle, and Adipose Tissue
Authors: Wang Faye , Flint Oliver P. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) remain the cornerstone of HIV treatment; however, they are associated with toxicities attributed in part to inhibition of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase γ. In this study, we compared the
in vitro
toxicity profiles of structurally similar NRTIs (BMS-986001 to stavudine and tenofovir to adefovir) that differ by the presence of an acetylene or methyl group, respectively. Primary cultures of human renal proximal tubule epithelium, skeletal muscle myotubes, and differentiated adipocytes were exposed to the NRTIs at the maximum concentration (
C
max
) reported for the clinically approved dose (investigational dose for BMS-986001, 600 mg) and a high equimolar concentration (200 μM) for 19 days. After 19 days, BMS-986001 did not significantly decrease mtDNA or cell protein at either concentration in any cell line. In contrast, stavudine significantly decreased mtDNA in all cultures (1.5- to 2.5-fold) (except at
C
max
in renal cells) and cell protein in renal cells (1.4- to 2.4-fold). By day 19, at 200 μM, tenofovir significantly reduced mtDNA in adipocytes (1.9-fold) and adefovir significantly decreased mtDNA in all cultures (3.7- to 10.2-fold); however, no significant reduction in mtDNA was observed at
C
max
in any cell line. Adefovir also significantly reduced cell protein at both concentrations in renal cells (2.2- to 2.8-fold) and at 200 μM in muscle cells (2.0-fold). In conclusion, BMS-986001 and tenofovir were considerably less cytotoxic than their respective structural analogs, demonstrating that small structural differences can contribute to significant differences in toxicity.
Investigation of the Interactions between Methadone and Elvitegravir-Cobicistat in Subjects Receiving Chronic Methadone Maintenance
Authors: Bruce R. Douglas , Winkle P. , Custodio J. M. , Wei X. , Rhee M. S. , Kearney B. P. , Ramanathan S. , Friedland Gerald H. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Interactions between HIV and opioid dependence therapies are known to occur. We sought to determine if such interactions occurred between methadone and elvitegravir boosted with cobicistat (EVG/COBI). We performed a within-subject open-label pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of 11 HIV-seronegative subjects stabilized on at least 2 weeks of methadone. Subjects underwent baseline and steady-state evaluation of the effect of elvitegravir 150 mg once a day (QD) boosted with 150 mg QD of cobicistat (EVG/COBI) on methadone pharmacokinetic parameters. Safety and pharmacodynamics were monitored throughout the study. Compared to baseline values, the
R
-methadone mean area under the concentration-time curve to the end of the dosing period (AUC
tau
) (5,550 versus 6,210 h · ng/ml) and mean maximum concentration of drug in serum (
C
max
) (316 versus 337 ng/ml) did not significantly increase in the presence of EVG/COBI. Compared to baseline values, the
S
-methadone mean AUC
tau
(7,040 versus 7,540 h · ng/ml) and mean
C
max
(446 versus 452 ng/ml) did not significantly increase in the presence of EVG/COBI. The AUC
tau
,
C
max
, and
C
tau
of elvitegravir and cobicistat did not significantly differ from those of historical controls. Opioid withdrawal or overdose was not observed among subjects in this study. The addition of EVG/COBI to stabilized patients receiving methadone did not affect methadone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. These two agents can be safely coadministered.
Molecular Epidemiology of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 and Its H30 and H30-Rx Subclones among Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Positive and -Negative E. coli Clinical Isolates from the Chicago Region, 2007 to 2010
Authors: Banerjee Ritu , Robicsek Ari , Kuskowski Michael A. , Porter Stephen , Johnston Brian D. , Sokurenko Evgeni , Tchesnokova Veronika , Price Lance B. , Johnson James R. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

We assessed
Escherichia coli
ST131 and its H30 and H30-Rx subclones for virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) type. Although both subclones were associated with ESBL production, H30-Rx isolates had higher resistance scores and were associated specifically with CTX-M-15. Three virulence genes (
iha
,
sat
, and
iutA
) were more prevalent among H30 than non-H30 ST131 isolates. Thus, the H30 and H30-Rx subclones are more antimicrobial resistant and have virulence profiles that are distinct from those of non-H30 ST131 isolates.
A Single VHH-Based Toxin-Neutralizing Agent and an Effector Antibody Protect Mice against Challenge with Shiga Toxins 1 and 2
Authors: Tremblay Jacqueline M. , Mukherjee Jean , Leysath Clinton E. , Debatis Michelle , Ofori Kwasi , Baldwin Karen , Boucher Courtney , Peters Rachel , Beamer Gillian , Sheoran Abhineet , Bedenice Daniela , Tzipori Saul , Shoemaker Charles B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) is a major cause of severe food-borne disease worldwide, and two Shiga toxins, Stx1 and Stx2, are primarily responsible for the serious disease consequence, hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Here we report identification of a panel of heavy-chain-only antibody (Ab) V
H
(VHH) domains that neutralize Stx1 and/or Stx2 in cell-based assays. VHH heterodimer toxin-neutralizing agents containing two linked Stx1-neutralizing VHHs or two Stx2-neutralizing VHHs were generally much more potent at Stx neutralization than a pool of the two-component monomers tested in cell-based assays and
in vivo
mouse models. We recently reported that clearance of toxins can be promoted by coadministering a VHH-based toxin-neutralizing agent with an antitag monoclonal antibody (MAb), called the “effector Ab,” that indirectly decorates each toxin molecule with four Ab molecules. Decoration occurs because the Ab binds to a common epitopic tag present at two sites on each of the two VHH heterodimer molecules that bind to each toxin molecule. Here we show that coadministration of effector Ab substantially improved the efficacy of Stx toxin-neutralizing agents to prevent death or kidney damage in mice following challenge with Stx1 or Stx2. A single toxin-neutralizing agent consisting of a double-tagged VHH heterotrimer—one Stx1-specific VHH, one Stx2-specific VHH, and one Stx1/Stx2 cross-specific VHH—was effective in preventing all symptoms of intoxication from Stx1 and Stx2 when coadministered with effector Ab. Overall, the availability of simple, defined, recombinant proteins that provide cost-effective protection against HUS opens up new therapeutic approaches to managing disease.
Common psychosocial stressors in middle-aged women related to longstanding distress and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease: a 38-year longitudinal population study
Authors: Johansson Lena , Guo Xinxin , Hällström Tore , Norton Maria C , Waern Margda , Östling Svante , Bengtsson Calle , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo study the relation among psychosocial stressors, long-standing distress and incidence of dementia, in a sample of women followed from midlife to late life.DesignProspective longitudinal population study.SettingThe analyses originate from the prospective population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden, a representative sample of women examined in 1968 (participation rate 90%) and re-examined in 1974, 1980, 1992, 2000 and 2005.Participants800 women born in 1914, 1918, 1922 and 1930 who were systematically selected for a psychiatric examination at baseline, in 1968.Primary and secondary outcome measures18 psychosocial stressors (eg, divorce, widowhood, work problems and illness in relative) were obtained at baseline. Symptoms of distress were measured according to a standardised question at each study wave. Dementia was diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) criteria based on information from neuropsychiatric examinations, informant interviews, hospital records, and registry data, and measured through the whole study period.ResultsDuring the 37 years of follow-up, 153 women developed dementia (104 of those had Alzheimer's disease (AD)). Number of psychosocial stressors in 1968 was associated (HR, 95% CI) with higher incidence of dementia (1.15, 1.04 to 1.27) and AD (1.20, 1.07 to 1.35) between 1968 and 2005, in multivariate Cox regressions. Number of psychosocial stressors in 1968 was also associated (OR, 95% CI) with distress in 1968 (1.48, 1.32 to 1.67), 1974 (1.31, 1.17 to 1.46), 1980 (1.27, 1.11 to 1.45), 2000 (1.39, 1.14 to 1.70) and 2005 (1.35, 1.02 to 1.79), in multivariate logistic regressions. Number of psychosocial stressors (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33) and long-standing distress (1968–1974–1980) (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.45) were independently associated with AD.ConclusionsOur study shows that common psychosocial stressors may have severe and long-standing physiological and psychological consequences. However, more studies are needed to confirm these results and investigate whether more interventions such as stress management and behavioural therapy should be initiated in individuals who have experienced psychosocial stressors.
A high-precision
40
Ar/
39
Ar age for hydrated impact glass from the Dellen impact, Sweden
Authors: Mark D. F. , Lindgren P. , Fallick A. E. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

The dating of terrestrial impact craters and impact glasses that exhibit high degrees of mineralogical complexity can be problematic. However, if the maximum potential of the terrestrial impact crater record is to be realized, accurate and precise ages for crater-forming events are critical. Here we report a high-precision
40
Ar/
39
Ar age for the Dellen impact structure, Sweden. Previous radio-isotopic constraints show a wide variation in age as a result of poor sample characterization and analytical approach. A detailed petrographical and mineralogical study provides a solid foundation for interpretation of step-heating
40
Ar/
39
Ar data, culminating in a statistically robust age of 140.82±0.51 Ma (2σ; full external precision) for the Dellen impact event, for which data disfavour an inherited argon component. Primary hydration of the impact melt during cooling–quenching and entrapment of molecular water promoted rapid loss of inherited
40
Ar from the impact melt of rhyolitic composition. Duplicate analyses of the water content and ∂D of the glass give similar values for the former (1.9±0.1 μmol mg
−1
) but unexpectedly low values for the latter (−159±8‰), with scatter beyond the expected analytical reproducibility due to isotopic heterogeneity. This study highlights that the
40
Ar/
39
Ar technique is unrivalled in its ability to precisely and accurately date the products of hypervelocity collisional events.

Supplementary material:

Raw
40
Ar/
39
Ar data are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18633
.