bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing transparency of the research process to increase accuracy of findings: A guide for relationship researchers
Authors: CAMPBELL LORNE , LOVING TIMOTHY J. , LEBEL ETIENNE P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to extend to the field of relationship science, recent discussions and suggested changes in open research practises. We demonstrate different ways that greater transparency of the research process in our field will accelerate scientific progress by increasing accuracy of reported research findings. Importantly, we make concrete recommendations for how relationship researchers can transition to greater disclosure of research practices in a manner that is sensitive to the unique design features of methodologies employed by relationship scientists. We discuss how to implement these recommendations for four different research designs regularly used in relationship research and practical limitations regarding implementing our recommendations and provide potential solutions to these problems.
A comparison of concurrent and retrospective trajectories of commitment to wed
Authors: OGOLSKY BRIAN G. , SURRA CATHERINE A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHow well do dating partners recall the development of commitment to wed and what factors modify recall? Motivations underlying recall suggest retrospections should demonstrate one of two patterns, developmental change or amplification. A random sample of 464 partners in heterosexual relationships graphed changes in commitment to wed monthly for 8 months and then graphed them from memory. Results supported the developmental change hypothesis; retrospective reports of commitment initially were lower than concurrent reports and increased more steeply over time. This effect was moderated by changes in relationship stage, with advancement showing accuracy of recall, maintenance showing developmental change, and regression showing amplification. Accuracy of recall depends upon relationship history, which has implications for relationship outcomes and reliability of retrospective reports.
A prototype analysis of infidelity
Authors: WEISER DANA A. , LALASZ CAMILLE B. , WEIGEL DANIEL J. , EVANS WILLIAM P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe current research tested whether the concept of infidelity is prototypically organized and whether laypeople's conceptualizations of infidelity are consistent with how researchers have operationalized this construct. Across 4 studies, results indicated that infidelity is indeed prototypically organized as individuals are able to list and rate how central certain features are to the infidelity construct. Furthermore, there was evidence that the centrality ratings influenced how individuals processed information in a series of memory tasks and narratives about infidelity experiences. Laypeople are less likely than researchers to consider the presence of particular behaviors (i.e., flirting, kissing, and sexual intercourse) as defining qualities of infidelity. Instead, laypeople focus more on the concealment of behaviors and the resulting emotional fallout from infidelity.
Mervyn Susser and Community Psychiatry
Authors: Susser Ezra 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMervyn Susser's contributions to community psychiatry from 1957–1968 comprised a creative and significant phase of his career, though less well known than his other work. This included work in Salford, a town next to Manchester, where he developed a programme to improve community health (including mental health care), as well as a programme of research on mental disorders. The publication of his book, Community Psychiatry: Epidemiologic and Social Themes (1968) attempted to set the stage for the practice of psychiatry in the community and to establish a future direction for development of the field.
Caring for early‐onset dementia with excessive wandering of over 30 kilometres per day: a case report
Authors: Yamakawa Miyae , Yoshida Yukiko , Higami Yoko , Shigenobu Kazue , Makimoto Kiyoko 
Published: November 2014

AbstractExcessive wandering in people in dementia is associated with a severe care burden. However, the quantification of excessive wandering has not been described, and its cause and treatment have not been evaluated with objective measurements to date. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pharmacological treatments and non‐pharmacological interventions to reduce excessive wandering in an early‐onset Alzheimer disease patient with objective indicators. Wandering was quantified using an integrated circuit monitoring system that measured the distance moved and the location of the patient. Monitoring was conducted in the dementia ward of a general hospital in 2012. Sleep quality was measured by non‐wear actigraphy. The study was approved by the ethics committees of the Osaka University School of Allied Health Science, and of the study hospital. The case involved a 62‐year‐old woman diagnosed with early‐onset Alzheimer disease and hospitalized in 2012 because of irritability and agitation; her Mini‐Mental State Examination score was 5/30 and her Clinical Dementia Rating score was 3. When olanzapine (2.5 mg) was prescribed, she developed insomnia, and her wandering movements increased from 10 to 20 km/day. On some days, it exceeded 30 km/day, and she walked most of the night. She did not experience weight loss or physical exhaustion, but she sustained a minor injury in her left sole. Olanzapine was increased to 7.5 mg, but these problems persisted. Nursing staff discovered triggers for wandering and insomnia, including high sensitivity to odour and noise in the living room or her room. When the environment was changed to meet her needs, the distance moved per day decreased to <15 km and the sleep disturbances disappeared. This case demonstrated the difficulty in assessing the degree of ambulation and sleep disorder. Objective indicators are essential in evaluating the effectiveness of pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions.
Determinants of weight loss success utilizing a meal replacement plan and/or exercise, in overweight and obese adults with asthma
Authors: Scott Hayley A. , Gibson Peter G. , Garg Manohar L. , Pretto Jeffrey J. , Morgan Philip J. , Callister Robin , Wood Lisa G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveWhile weight loss has been shown to reduce obesity‐related comorbidity, many weight loss treatments fail. Factors that enhance weight loss success are unknown, particularly in those with asthma. The aim of the study was to identify patient characteristics that predict weight loss success in adults with asthma.MethodsBaseline and change in asthma characteristics and eating behaviours were investigated for relationships with weight loss and fat loss using multiple linear regression, in 38 overweight and obese adults with asthma randomized to dietary, exercise or combined interventions targeting weight loss for 10 weeks.ResultsMean ± standard deviation weight loss was 6.6 ± 5.1 kg. Greater %weight loss and %fat loss was achieved in those with poorer asthma‐related quality of life at baseline ((rs = 0.398, P = 0.015) and (rs = 0.455, P = 0.005) respectively), with 1.7% greater absolute weight loss at week 10 corresponding to each one unit reduction in the asthma‐related quality of life score at baseline. Furthermore, a lower baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity correlated with greater weight loss (rs = 0.398, P = 0.015). Male sex was associated with a 3.6 kg greater weight loss (P = 0.087). Reducing emotional eating during the programme was associated with greater weight loss in women (rs = 0.576, P = 0.010).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that individuals with more severe asthma at baseline are more successful in achieving weight loss, which could be a consequence of greater motivation and could be used as a motivational tool within the clinical setting. Gender tailoring of weight loss programmes may be useful to enhance weight loss success. Future studies are urgently needed to establish predictors of long‐term weight loss maintenance in those with asthma.
Different doses of micafungin for prophylaxis of invasive fungal diseases in hemato‐oncological high‐risk patients: a web‐based non‐interventional trial in four large university hospitals in Germany
Authors: Heimann S.M. , Vehreschild M.J.G.T. , Meintker L. , Heinz W. , Schroeder T. , von Bergwelt‐Baildon M. , Cornely O.A. , Vehreschild J.J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIntroductionTreatment indications of new antifungals in clinical practice often deviate from the strict criteria used in controlled clinical trials. Under routine clinical conditions, beneficial and adverse effects, not previously described in clinical trials may be observed. The aim of this study was to describe customary prescription and treatment strategies of micafungin (MCFG).MethodsA registry was set up on www.ClinicalSurveys.net and physicians were invited to provide retrospective information on cases they had treated with MCFG. Documentation comprised demographic information, underlying disease, effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of MCFG.ResultsA total of 125 episodes of patients hospitalized between September 2009 and February 2012 were documented, of which 7 had to be excluded because of incomplete documentation. The most common risk factors of patients were hematological malignancy (n = 116, 98.3%) and antibiotic treatment >3 days (n = 115, 97.5%). MCFG was administered as prophylaxis in 106 (89.9%) patients. Median duration of MCFG application as prophylaxis was 21 days (range: 3–78); 53 of the patients (50%) received a dose of 50 mg, while the other 53 (50%) received 100 mg/day. For the different doses, prophylactic outcome was rated as success in 42 (79.2%) vs. 52 (98.1%; P = 0.004) patients. Fifty‐five patients (51.9%) were treated with posaconazole before initiation of MCFG. Four patients (7.5%) developed a proven invasive fungal disease (IFD) while being treated with 50 mg MCFG, compared to no patient treated with 100 mg (P = 0.118). At the end of MCFG prophylaxis, 24 (22.6%) patients were switched to fluconazole and 64 (60.3%) patients to posaconazole.ConclusionOur study shows clinical effectiveness of MCFG prophylaxis with low rates of breakthrough fungal infections. In most cases, MCFG was part of a multi‐modal antifungal prophylactic strategy. Investigators reported fewer proven IFDs in patients receiving therapeutic doses of MCFG as prophylaxis.
Evaluation of risk of symptomatic cytomegalovirus reactivation in myeloma patients treated with tandem autologous stem cell transplantation and novel agents: a single‐institution study
Authors: Marchesi F. , Pimpinelli F. , Dessanti M.L. , Gumenyuk S. , Palombi F. , Pisani F. , Romano A. , Spadea A. , Maschio M. , Ensoli F. , Mengarelli A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe introduction of proteasome inhibitors and/or immunomodulators in the treatment of myeloma has led to an increase in viral infections, particularly in the Herpesviridae family. Previous studies about the risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have examined the clinical outcome after the first ASCT; however, only 1 study to date has investigated the risk of CMV reactivation after a second transplantation. To address this issue, we performed a retrospective chart review on 78 consecutive myeloma patients (median age 56 years) who underwent a tandem non‐CD34+ selected ASCT after induction treatment with either conventional chemotherapy (n = 42) or with novel agents (n = 36), respectively. All subjects had been mobilized and conditioned with cyclophosphamide plus granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and melphalan alone, respectively. CMV DNA load in the blood has been determined by polymerase chain reaction in the case of a clinical suspicion of CMV reactivation; therefore, routine monitoring was not performed. Considering the outcome of both the first and the second transplantations, we observed a total of 13 episodes of symptomatic CMV reactivation (13/156, 8%), in 12 subjects (12/78, 15%), all successfully treated. Eight subjects experienced a CMV reactivation after the first ASCT (8/78, 10%); however, only 1 of them (1/8, 12%) experienced a CMV reactivation after the second transplantation. Conversely, 4 CMV reactivations (6%) were observed after the second transplantation in the group of 70 patients who did not experience a CMV reactivation after the first ASCT. No statistically significant difference was observed between first and second ASCT (8/78, 10% vs. 5/78, 6%; P = 0.767). Univariate analysis showed that a pre‐transplant treatment with novel agents was the only baseline factor significantly associated with the occurrence of post‐ASCT CMV symptomatic reactivation after the first transplant (odds ratio [OR]: 9.897; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.154–84.840; P = 0.021) but not after the second transplant (OR: 5.125; 95% CI: 0.546–48.119; P = 0.115). No end‐organ disease or primary infection was documented. Our data suggest that second transplantation does not increase the risk of CMV reactivation in our patient population, when compared with the first one, and confirm the role of a pre‐transplant treatment with novel agents as a risk factor for CMV symptomatic reactivation.
Absolute immature platelet count dynamics in diagnosing and monitoring the clinical course of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Hong Hong , Xiao Wenbin , Stempak Lisa M. , Sandhaus Linda M. , Maitta Robert W. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life‐threatening diagnosis requiring prompt initiation of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Measurement of immature platelet (PLT) fraction (%‐IPF) differentiates PLT consumption or destruction from hypoproduction.Study Design and MethodOur study evaluated %‐IPF changes over the course of TTP treated with TPE and as a measure of treatment efficacy. Eleven idiopathic TTP patients, two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated TTP patients, and five non‐TTP patients with thrombocytopenia were enrolled into our study. All patients were treated with TPE and had ADAMTS13 activity measured.ResultsAll idiopathic TTP patients had a significantly increased %‐IPF and decreased absolute immature PLT count (A‐IPC) and PLT count at presentation. An A‐IPC value of less than 5 × 109/L at presentation has 84.6% sensitivity, 80% specificity, and 91.7% positive predictive value for diagnosing TTP. A concurrent steady decline in %‐IPF and increased PLT counts toward normal was observed in TTP patients undergoing TPE. The A‐IPC, however, showed an increase and decrease curve that was not seen in the two HIV‐associated TTP patients with no response to TPE and the five non‐TTP patients. More importantly, reaching an A‐IPC ratio of 3 compared to baseline value during TPE can readily differentiate idiopathic TTP from the other two groups and is correlated with good clinical responses to TPE. An abrupt increase of A‐IPC during TPE was also noted in a TTP patient who relapsed 3 days before PLT count decrease. A‐IPC is positively correlated with ADAMTS13 activity at presentation but negatively correlated with ADAMTS13 activity during recovery.ConclusionA‐IPC should be routinely analyzed for diagnosing and monitoring TTP patients.
Transfusion‐related adverse reactions reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module, United States, 2010 to 2012
Authors: Harvey Alexis R. , Basavaraju Sridhar V. , Chung Koo‐Whang , Kuehnert Matthew J. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundIn 2010, health care facilities in the United States began voluntary enrollment in the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Hemovigilance Module. Participants report transfusion practices; red blood cell, platelet (PLT), plasma, and cryoprecipitate units transfused; and transfusion‐related adverse reactions and process errors to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through a secure, Internet‐accessible surveillance application available to transfusing facilities.Study Design and MethodsFacilities submitting at least 1 month of transfused components data and adverse reactions from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2012, were included in this analysis. Adverse reaction rates for transfused components, stratified by component type and collection and modification methods, were calculated.ResultsIn 2010 to 2012, a total of 77 facilities reported 5136 adverse reactions among 2,144,723 components transfused (239.5/100,000). Allergic (46.8%) and febrile nonhemolytic (36.1%) reactions were most frequent; 7.2% of all reactions were severe or life‐threatening and 0.1% were fatal. PLT transfusions (421.7/100,000) had the highest adverse reaction rate.ConclusionAdverse transfusion reaction rates from the NHSN Hemovigilance Module in the United States are comparable to early hemovigilance reporting from other countries. Although severe reactions are infrequent, the numbers of transfusion reactions in US hospitals suggest that interventions to prevent these reactions are important for patient safety. Further investigation is needed to understand the apparent increased risk of reactions from apheresis‐derived blood components. Comprehensive evaluation, including data validation, is important to continued refinement of the module.
Bone Marrow Dendritic Cells from Mice with an Altered Microbiota Provide Interleukin 17A-Dependent Protection against Entamoeba histolytica Colitis
Authors: Burgess Stacey L. , Buonomo Erica , Carey Maureen , Cowardin Carrie , Naylor Caitlin , Noor Zannatun , Wills-Karp Marsha , Petri William A. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

There is an emerging paradigm that the human microbiome is central to many aspects of health and may have a role in preventing enteric infection.
Entamoeba histolytica
is a major cause of amebic diarrhea in developing countries. It colonizes the colon lumen in close proximity to the gut microbiota. Interestingly, not all individuals are equally susceptible to
E. histolytica
infection. Therefore, as the microbiota is highly variable within individuals, we sought to determine if a component of the microbiota could regulate susceptibility to infection. In studies utilizing a murine model, we demonstrated that colonization of the gut with the commensal
Clostridia
-related bacteria known as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) is protective during
E. histolytica
infection. SFB colonization in this model was associated with elevated cecal levels of interleukin 17A (IL-17A), dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from SFB-colonized mice had higher levels of IL-23 production in response to stimulation with trophozoites. Adoptive transfer of BMDCs from an SFB
+
to an SFB
−
mouse was sufficient to provide protection against
E. histolytica
. IL-17A induction during BMDC transfer was necessary for this protection. This work demonstrates that intestinal colonization with a specific commensal bacterium can provide protection during amebiasis in a murine model. Most importantly, this work demonstrates that the microbiome can mediate protection against an enteric infection via extraintestinal effects on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.

IMPORTANCE
Entamoeba histolytica
is the causative agent of amebiasis, an infectious disease that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality due to diarrhea in the developing world. We showed in a murine model that colonization with the commensal members of the
Clostridia
known as SFB provides protection against
E. histolytica
and that dendritic cells from SFB-colonized mice alone can recapitulate protection. Understanding interactions between enteropathogens, commensal intestinal bacteria, and the mucosal immune response, including dendritic cells, will help in the development of effective treatments for this disease and other infectious and inflammatory diseases. The demonstration of immune-mediated protection due to communication from the microbiome to the bone marrow represents an emerging field of study that will yield unique approaches to the development of these treatments.
Improving Microbial Biogasoline Production in Escherichia coli Using Tolerance Engineering
Authors: Foo Jee Loon , Jensen Heather M. , Dahl Robert H. , George Kevin , Keasling Jay D. , Lee Taek Soon , Leong Susanna , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Engineering microbial hosts for the production of fungible fuels requires mitigation of limitations posed on the production capacity. One such limitation arises from the inherent toxicity of solvent-like biofuel compounds to production strains, such as
Escherichia coli
. Here we show the importance of host engineering for the production of short-chain alcohols by studying the overexpression of genes upregulated in response to exogenous isopentenol. Using systems biology data, we selected 40 genes that were upregulated following isopentenol exposure and subsequently overexpressed them in
E. coli
. Overexpression of several of these candidates improved tolerance to exogenously added isopentenol. Genes conferring isopentenol tolerance phenotypes belonged to diverse functional groups, such as oxidative stress response (
soxS
,
fpr
, and
nrdH
), general stress response (
metR
,
yqhD
, and
gidB
), heat shock-related response (
ibpA
), and transport (
mdlB
). To determine if these genes could also improve isopentenol production, we coexpressed the tolerance-enhancing genes individually with an isopentenol production pathway. Our data show that expression of 6 of the 8 candidates improved the production of isopentenol in
E. coli
, with the methionine biosynthesis regulator MetR improving the titer for isopentenol production by 55%. Additionally, expression of MdlB, an ABC transporter, facilitated a 12% improvement in isopentenol production. To our knowledge, MdlB is the first example of a transporter that can be used to improve production of a short-chain alcohol and provides a valuable new avenue for host engineering in biogasoline production.

IMPORTANCE
The use of microbial host platforms for the production of bulk commodities, such as chemicals and fuels, is now a focus of many biotechnology efforts. Many of these compounds are inherently toxic to the host microbe, which in turn places a limit on production despite efforts to optimize the bioconversion pathways. In order to achieve economically viable production levels, it is also necessary to engineer production strains with improved tolerance to these compounds. We demonstrate that microbial tolerance engineering using transcriptomics data can also identify targets that improve production. Our results include an exporter and a methionine biosynthesis regulator that improve isopentenol production, providing a starting point to further engineer the host for biogasoline production.