bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome prediction model for severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Iba Jiro , Tasaki Osamu , Hirao Tomohito , Mohri Tomoyoshi , Yoshiya Kazuhisa , Hayakawa Koichi , Shiozaki Tadahiko , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Nakamori Yasushi , Fujimi Satoshi , Ogura Hiroshi , Kuwagata Yasuyuki , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: October 2013

AimTreatment of severe traumatic brain injury is aided by better prediction of outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a prediction model using retrospective analysis of prospectively collected clinical data from two tertiary critical care medical centers in Japan.MethodsData were collected from 253 patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of <9. Within 24 h of their admission, 15 factors possibly related to outcome were evaluated. The dataset was randomly split into training and validation datasets using the repeated random subsampling method. A logistic regression model was fitted to the training dataset and predictive accuracy was assessed using the validation data.ResultsThe best model included the variables age, pupillary light reflex, extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial pressure, and midline shift. The estimated area under the curve for the model development data was 0.957, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.926–0.987, and that for validation data was 0.947, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.909–0.980.ConclusionOur predictive model was shown to have high predictive value. It will be useful for review of treatment, family counseling, and efficient allocation of resources for patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
Utilization of sulfur and crumb rubber in asphalt modification
Authors: Anwar Parvez M. , Al‐Mehthel Mohammed , Al‐Abdul Wahhab Hamad I. , Hussein Ibnelwaleed A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this study, waste crumb rubber and sulfur were utilized to enhance the performance of asphalt binder for pavement applications. About 20–50% of sulfur and 1–6% crumb rubber were used. Melt properties were investigated using thermal analysis, dynamic and steady shear rheology, and artificial aging. Rheological tests were carried out in ARES rheometer. Both steady and dynamic shear rheology showed that crumb rubber improved the viscoelastic properties of the sulfur‐extended asphalt binder. Crumb rubber modification reduced temperature susceptibility of sulfur/asphalt, and increased the upper grading (performance) temperature of sulfur asphalt. The combined effect of sulfur and crumb rubber reduced the activation energy compared with that of pure asphalt. Zero‐shear viscosity and strategic highway research program rutting parameter (G*/sinδ) improved by crumb rubber incorporation into the sulfur asphalt binder. Short‐term aging improved G*/sinδ with slight increase in activation energy. The addition of sulfur to asphalt matrix increased the viscoelastic properties (G′ and G″) of sulfur asphalt. The addition of crumb rubber to sulfur asphalt enhanced the temperature resistance of the binder. Utilization of waste crumb rubber and sulfur in asphalt modification proved to enhance asphalt pavement life. In addition, utilization of such wastes can help in meeting the extra demand for asphalt, reduce the pavement cost, and help in solving a waste disposal problem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40046.
A Bioelectrochemically‐Assisted Membrane Bioreactor for Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment and Energy Production
Authors: Wang Z. , Huang J. , Zhu C. , Ma J. , Wu Z. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA bioelectrochemically‐assisted membrane bioreactor (BEAMBR), integrating a microbial fuel cell with a membrane bioreactor, was developed for energy recovery and efficient wastewater treatment. The stainless‐steel membrane module with biofilm, served not only as dynamic membrane separation device but also as biocathode. The effluent turbidity reached 0.8 NTU after stable operation, and particle with average size larger than 1.14 μm were effectively rejected from the mixed liquor by the dynamic membrane. The BEAMBR successfully removed the chemical oxygen demand and ammonium. With increasing hydraulic retention time and decreasing volumetric organic loading rate, the power production in this reactor was enhanced. The results showed that the BEAMBR is a promising process for efficient energy recovery and wastewater treatment.
A single and multiple dose study to investigate the pharmacokinetics of a prolonged release formulation of ropinirole in healthy Chinese subjects
Authors: Liu Hongzhong , Jiang Ji , Wang Hongyun , Chen Xia , Liu Tao , Cao Haijun , Palmer Jonathan , Gu Anita , Hu Pei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn open‐label, single, and 7‐day multiple dose study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of a prolonged release formulation of ropinirole 2 mg in healthy Chinese male (n = 12) and female (n = 12) subjects. After single doses, median tmax was 8 hours and mean was 5.26 hours. After 7 days dosing, median tmax was 6 hours ( not determined). Systemic exposure, AUC and Cmax, following multiple and single dosing was similar (mean AUC(0–τ) (h ng/mL): 23.84 vs. AUC(0–∞): 22.13; Cmax (ng/mL) 1.48 vs. 1.21, respectively). Systemic exposure was higher in females than males following single doses (mean AUC(0–24) (h ng/mL): 21.45 vs. 15.48; P = 0.009; Cmax (ng/mL): 1.40 vs. 0.99; P = 0.014, respectively), but similar at steady state (mean AUC(0–τ) (h ng/mL): 24.96 vs. 22.62; Cmax (ng/mL): 1.56 vs. 1.39, respectively). Estimated accumulation ratio was 1.29 (90% CI: 1.11, 1.51). Ropinirole did not display time‐dependent pharmacokinetics (estimated steady state ratio: 1.09; 90% CI: 0.93, 1.27). The most common adverse events included dizziness and oral ulcer. In conclusion, Chinese subjects displayed predictable absorption, exposure and elimination following the prolonged release formulation of ropinirole 2 mg. The safety findings are consistent with the previously established safety profile for ropinirole.
Examining implicit attitudes toward emaciation and thinness in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Smith April R. , Joiner Thomas E. , Dodd Dorian R. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine if females with anorexia nervosa (AN) associate emaciation with beauty by examining implicit attitudes toward emaciated bodies relative to thin bodies.MethodThirty women with AN and 29 healthy control women were primed by viewing images of either emaciated or thin women. Participants then completed a lexical decision task (LDT), wherein they distinguished words from nonwords as quickly and accurately as possible. Response times were measured. Real words consisted of beautiful, ugly, neutral, and positive words. Body mass index (BMI) was measured and several clinical interviews were completed, including the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire 4 (EDEQ‐4).ResultsThere was a significant effect of group in the emaciated condition; participants with AN responded faster to both beautiful and ugly words than control women did. Eating disorder symptom severity (as measured by the EDEQ‐4 subscales) predicted the strength of the association between emaciation and beauty.DiscussionAt an implicit, automatic level, women with AN in this study had stronger associations between emaciation and both beauty and ugliness than control women did, suggesting that women with AN may have atypical beliefs about beauty. Thin ideal internalization is an important factor in the development and maintenance of eating disorders; the type of thin ideal being internalized may be important to consider, particularly given the extent to which pro‐eating disorder websites promote idealization of emaciation. The associations found by using the LDT highlight the utility of implicit measures, particularly when conducting assessments involving sensitive or atypical beliefs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:138–147)
A multimetric model to assess the biological quality of the Cabe River, NW Spain
Authors: Cuadrado V. , Neira X. X. , Cuesta T. S. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe Water Framework Directive (WFD) establishes the need to define specific reference conditions for the assessment of river ecosystems. This paper presents a multimetric index for assessment of biological quality in a river ecosystem using benthic macroinvertebrates. The study area corresponds to the headwater of the Cabe River, Northwest Spain, upstream of the irrigation dam at Ribasaltas, a water catchment for irrigation in the Lemos Valley area. Because Lemos Valley is an important irrigation district located in an area with key environmental features, defining the quality objectives that must be used to assess the impact of agriculture becomes essential. In our research, reference stations were chosen on the basis of a number of strict conservation criteria, and the macroinvertebrate community present in those stations was analysed. Following the verification of the homogeneity of environmental features in the study area, we selected the biological indices and metrics that provided the strongest correlations between the condition of the macroinvertebrate community and the overall environmental quality. After the most suitable metrics were selected, the weight of each metric in the final multimetric index was determined on the basis of the greater or lesser ability of each metric to define biological quality. The correlation between biological metrics and quality, and the ability of the selected metrics to define quality were determined on the basis of their performance at a number of control stations with different levels of disturbance. Finally, the quality thresholds for the proposed multimetric index were established such that the quality thresholds of the index matched the quality levels defined in the WFD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fathead minnow response to broad-range exposure of β-sitosterol concentrations during life-cycle testing
Authors: Flinders Camille A. , Streblow William R. , Philbeck Raymond E. , Cook Diana L. , Campbell David E. , Brown-Peterson Nancy J. , Gross Timothy S. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

The β-sitosterol concentration in pulp and paper mill effluents is typically greater than that of other phytosterols and has been shown to cause a variety of effects in fish. The authors exposed fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to low (22 ± 0.93 µg/L), medium-low (70 ± 2.1 µg/L), medium-high (237 ± 5.5 µg/L), and high (745 ± 16.2 µg/L) concentrations of β-sitosterol as well as negative (water), positive (ethynyl estradiol, 16 ± 0.58 ng/L), and carrier (0.6 mL/L acetone) controls. Fish were monitored over a full life cycle for population-level endpoints including growth and survival, reproductive endpoints (e.g. fecundity, sex steroids and vitellogenin, gonado-/hepatosomatic indices, and gonad histology). No significant differences were seen in fish growth, mortality, or reproduction with β-sitosterol exposure, although a trend for lower egg production in β-sitosterol exposures relative to the water control may be related to the acetone carrier. All ethynyl estradiol–exposed fish were smaller, showed female characteristics, and did not spawn. Sex steroid and vitellogenin were highly variable with no detectable treatment-related differences. Gonadal tissue showed no β-sitosterol–related differences in reproductive development and spawning capability, although most ethynyl estradiol–exposed males had ovarian tissue and were not spawning-capable. The results indicate that β-sitosterol exposure had little apparent impact on fathead minnow survival, growth, and reproduction even at concentrations &gt;10 times that of typical effluents, although small sample size and variability precluded fully evaluating treatment responses on sex steroids and vitellogenin. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:458–467. © 2013 SETAC
Worldwide estimation of river concentrations of any chemical originating from sewage-treatment plants using dilution factors
Authors: Keller Virginie D.J. , Williams Richard J. , Lofthouse Caryn , Johnson Andrew C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Dilution factors are a critical component in estimating concentrations of so-called “down-the-drain” chemicals (e.g., pharmaceuticals) in rivers. The present study estimated the temporal and spatial variability of dilution factors around the world using geographically referenced data sets at 0.5° × 0.5° resolution. Domestic wastewater effluents were derived from national per capita domestic water use estimates and gridded population. Monthly and annual river flows were estimated by accumulating runoff estimates using topographically derived flow directions. National statistics, including the median and interquartile range, were generated to quantify dilution factors. Spatial variability of the dilution factor was found to be considerable; for example, there are 4 orders of magnitude in annual median dilution factor between Canada and Morocco. Temporal variability within a country can also be substantial; in India, there are up to 9 orders of magnitude between median monthly dilution factors. These national statistics provide a global picture of the temporal and spatial variability of dilution factors and, hence, of the potential exposure to down-the-drain chemicals. The present methodology has potential for a wide international community (including decision makers and pharmaceutical companies) to assess relative exposure to down-the-drain chemicals released by human pollution in rivers and, thus, target areas of potentially high risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:447–452. © 2013 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Common freshwater bacteria vary in their responses to short-term exposure to nano-TiO2
Authors: Binh Chu Thi Thanh , Tong Tiezheng , Gaillard Jean-François , Gray Kimberly A. , Kelly John J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Nanostructured titania (nano-TiO2) is an engineered nanomaterial that can be cytotoxic primarily as a result of its ability to generate reactive oxygen species when illuminated. Production of nano-TiO2 has increased rapidly over the last decade, leading to concerns about its release into aquatic environments. To address the possible ecological impacts of nano-TiO2, the authors used high-throughput screening to assess the responses of 4 bacteria representative of genera common in freshwater to short-term exposure (1–2 h) in 2 natural aqueous media (stream water and lake water) to 2 widely used TiO2 products, pigment white 6 (PW6) and P25. Under simulated solar illumination PW6 and P25 reduced the abundance of viable Bacillus subtilis and Aeromonas hydrophila, confirming the cytotoxicity of nano-TiO2. In contrast, PW6 and P25 stimulated growth of Arthrobacter sp. and Klebsiella sp., which the authors hypothesize was driven by oxidation of organic matter in these natural waters into more labile compounds. This hypothesis is supported by data demonstrating PW6 photo-oxidation of organic matter in stream water, which subsequently supported enhanced bacterial growth. The results indicate that bacterial responses to nano-TiO2 can be species-specific, suggesting that nano-TiO2 may alter bacterial community composition and function. Finally, the results indicate that bacterial responses to nano-TiO2 are influenced by the water matrix, emphasizing the importance of assessing bacterial responses to nanomaterials in natural environmental media. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:317–327. © 2013 SETAC
The gross classification of hepatocellular carcinoma: Usefulness of contrast‐enhanced US
Authors: Hatanaka Kinuyo , Minami Yasunori , Kudo Masatoshi , Inoue Tatsuo , Chung Hobyung , Haji Seiji 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study investigated the usefulness of postvascular images of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CE‐US) in the gross classification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison with contrast‐enhanced CT (CE‐CT) findings.MethodsThis is a prospective study with consecutive HCC patients who had both CE‐US and CE‐CT prior to surgical resection. Fifty‐one patients (32 men, 19 women; mean age, 68.9 years) with 61 HCCs were enrolled. The maximal diameters of all tumors ranged from 1.0 to 5.0 cm (mean ± SD, 2.5 cm ± 1.1). Weighted kappa statistics were used to assess the agreement of the sonographic or CT findings versus the results of macroscopic configurations.ResultsThirty‐nine tumors were macroscopically diagnosed as simple nodule type; 19 tumors were macroscopically diagnosed as simple nodular type with extranodular growth, and 3 were macroscopically diagnosed as confluent multinodular type from the resected specimen. The diagnostic accuracy was 86.9% (53/61) for CE‐US and 65.6% (40/61) for CE‐CT. The differences in accuracy between CE‐US and CE‐CT were statistically significant (McNemar; p = 0.007). Agreement analysis between gross classification using CE‐US and final macroscopic results gave a kappa value of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.65–0.82), which was considered a good agreement. On the other hand, kappa coefficient value was 0.38 (95% CI: 0.28–0.48) between gross classification using CE‐CT and final macroscopic results.ConclusionsCE‐US is a more reliable tool than CE‐CT to evaluate the gross type of HCC than CE‐CT. Accurate gross classification using imaging is considered to be essential for the determination of the correct treatment strategy and the estimates of the patients' prognosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:1–8, 2014
Thermogravimetric and Dielectric Study of ER/BaTiO3/ZnO Composites
Authors: Kanapitsas Athanasios , Tsonos Christos , Delides Constantinos G. , Psarras Georgios C. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryHybrid composites consisted of an epoxy resin and BaTiO3 as well as ZnO particles were prepared and studied. Polymer composites with ferro‐ and/or piezo‐electric particles are expected to exhibit functional behaviour due to the varying polarization of the fillers. The BaTiO3 content was kept constant in all studied composites, while ZnO content varied from 0 to 50 particles per hundred resin per weight. Thermal properties of the systems were examined by means of Thermogravimetric/Differential Thermal Analysis technique. Decomposition temperature for all systems was found to lie in the range 385–395 °C, while residual weight for hybrids was significantly higher compared to epoxy resin. Dielectric response of the tested systems was determined via Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy.
Incorporation of Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in Poly(propylene) Matrices for Wound Healing Applications. The case of Ibuprofen
Authors: Nochos Argyrios N. , Kontoyannis Christos , Voyiatzis George G. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryCurrent work explores the possibility of incorporating common commercial non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) into poly(propylene) in order to develop biocompatible and bioactive surgical implants/sutures with controlled release characteristics. More particularly, we attempted to incorporate Ibuprofen, a widely utilized NSAID, into isotactic poly(propylene) (i‐PP) films. Two basic methods of mixing were used and evaluated for their effectiveness; melt‐mixing/melt‐pressing and solvent casting. The produced films morphology as well as the nature of the incorporated drug was examined by Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDX). The drug release rates were measured by UV‐Vis absorbance spectroscopy.
Fault detection filter design for stochastic networked control systems
Authors: Long Yue , Yang Guang‐Hong 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the fault detection filter (FDF) design for networked control systems subject to time‐varying transmission intervals and delays, packet dropouts, and communication constraints. The considered communication constraint is that only one network node is allowed to gain access to the shared communication channel. Also, the accessing of each node is scheduled by a specified stochastic protocol, and the remote FDFs perform the FD task only with these partially available measurements. By focus on the network‐induced phenomena, the whole FD system are first modeled in the framework of switched stochastic systems with multiple stochastic parameters. Subsequently, by using the multi‐Lyapunov functional approach and novel analysis approach, less conservative conditions including some previous existing results are derived to construct such FDFs. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New evidence of warm early-Holocene summers in subarctic Finland based on an enhanced regional chironomid-based temperature calibration model
Authors: Luoto Tomi P. , Kaukolehto Marjut , Weckström Jan , Korhola Atte , Väliranta Minna 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPaleoclimate reconstructions based on biological proxies present methodological challenges, especially during non-analog conditions, such as the early Holocene. Here, two chironomid-based training sets from Finland were amalgamated to create a more accurate transfer function of summer air temperature. The aim was to reconstruct Holocene paleoclimate in northernmost Lapland, in an area that has been either too warm or too cold for reliable reconstructions using the original calibration models. The results showed that the combined calibration model had improved performance statistics. The temperature trends inferred from the downcore chironomid record using the original and combined models were very similar. However, there were major changes in their absolute values with the combined model showing greatly improved accuracy. The chironomid-based temperature reconstruction showed significant correlation with the previous pollen-based reconstructions from northwestern Finnish Lapland. However, differences were observed in the temperature trends of the early Holocene, when the chironomid-inferred temperatures rapidly increased, but the pollen-based reconstructions lagged behind suggesting that a cool climate continued for much longer. However, similar to the chironomid record, new plant macrofossil evidence from northwestern Finland also showed warmer-than-present early Holocene temperatures. Therefore, we conclude that the early Holocene was probably warm in northern Lapland.
THE END OF LIBERALIZATION IN COMMUNIST ROMANIA
Authors: STANCIU CEZAR 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn July 1971, one of the most non-conformist and Western-oriented leaders in the Soviet bloc, made what appeared to many as a radical turn of his domestic policy: liberalization of arts, culture, and social life were drastically limited and the communist party engaged on a course which was strongly inspired by Stalinism. Since then, questions had been raised as to the reasons and the timing of the change. This article explores various hypotheses in light of newly available archival documents in order to assess the role of the external factors in precipitating or determining the change. Soviet pressures are considered as well as the Chinese source of inspiration, as the change had been initiated shortly after Nicolae Ceauşescu's visit to China, demonstrating that the change was the product of interfering factors. What appeared at the time to be a sudden and unexpected change had in fact been prepared years before, under various forms. Romania was at the time dealing with growing social expectations due to liberalization measures, just as most other East European societies, but Ceauşescu chose to react differently, in the Chinese-style of mass mobilization, aiming to consolidate his party's grip on society and avert risks of Soviet intervention.