bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXTRA FINE-GRAINED CONCRETE FROM WASTE OF MINING CONCENTRATION PLANT FOR CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS
Authors: Plugin Andrii , Chaika Vitalii , Musienko Serhii , Najafov El'shad 
Published: July 2024

The theoretical substantiation of the production of especially fine-grained concrete (EFC) from the waste of the Poltava Mining Concentration Plant as a fine-grained aggregate has been performed. Its structure is substantiated taking into account the contacts between the angular aggregate grains, the possibility of increasing strength by introducing mineral fillers and microfillers with particles 5 times smaller than the aggregate grains and cement particles, respectively, is proved. The determination of the composition of EFC from the waste of the Poltava MCP was substantiated by determining and ensuring the optimal value of the coefficient of displacement of aggregate grains by cement paste m opt = 1.89 with the inclusion of dusty fractions of the aggregate. The optimal composition of EFC Aggregate : Cement : Water = (3–3.15):1:0.5 with mandatory use of superplasticizer additive to ensure W/C = 0.5 was determined and experimentally confirmed. The dependences of compressive and tensile strength of EFC on: type and content of superplasticizer additives were experimentally investigated; ratio of aggregate content to cement content; microsilica content; pressing pressure. It was established that the maximum strength of EFC is achieved in the case of the use of superplasticizers: polycarboxylate 1.5 % or sulfonaphthalinformaldehyde 1 % by weight of cement. It was also established that with the same A:C = 3:1 and W/C = 0.5, the strength of EFC on the waste of Poltava MCP exceeds the strength of fine-grained concrete on natural, especially fine-grained sand: in compression - by 2 times, in tension - by 1.9 times and reaches 35 MPa at the age of 28 days. The addition of microsilica in the amount of up to 15 % of the mass of cement allows to further increase the compressive strength by 44 %, and the tensile strength by 20 %. It is proposed to form EFC products by layer-by-layer pressing with a layer thickness of 5 mm. It was experimentally established that the maximum strength is achieved at a pressing pressure of 12 MPa.
IMPACT OF LOADS ON LOCOMOTIVE MOTOR AXLE BEARINGS ON THE CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF OIL FILM ON FRICTION SURFACES
Authors: Voronin Serhii , Stefanov Volodymyr , Komar Sergii , Savchenko Andrii , Hubin Oleksandr 
Published: July 2024

During the active operation of locomotives, a significant portion of failures (up to 20 %) is attributed to the malfunction of motor-axial bearings. This is due to the imperfection of the lubrication system of the motor-axial bearings, the proper functioning of which largely depends on various factors such as climatic conditions, the level of wear of lubricating oil, and lubrication devices, among others. There is a need to improve the existing lubrication systems for motor-axial sliding bearings. One of the methods to address this issue involves examining the factors influencing the lubrication process of the friction surfaces of motor-axial bearings and the conditions of lubricant material supply. The article provides calculations of the loading forces on the motor-axial bearings, their action vectors, and analyzes the impact of these parameters on the ability to form an oil film on the friction surfaces of motor-axial bearings. To determine the magnitude of the load, technical specifications of the locomotive were used, and the relationship between power usage and locomotive speed was analyzed. The study involved an analysis of recent publications regarding the generation of contact pressure force between the contact surfaces of friction pairs, the magnitude of which exceeds permissible limits, considered one of the primary factors leading to bearing failure. Additionally, the existing bearing lubrication system used on the locomotive was analyzed, its shortcomings were identified, and methods for addressing these issues were discussed. The calculations were performed for the 2TE116 locomotive with traction electric motors ED-118B, based on the operational characteristics of the locomotive in the speed range of 0-80 km/h.
UNJUK KERJA MESIN LAS GESEK ROTARY PADA BAJA KERBON RENDAH DILIHAT DARI STRUKTUR MAKRO DAN UJI BENDING
Authors: Hafni Hafni , Wardianto Dedi 
Published: July 2024

Pengelasan gesek merupakan salah satu dari proses pengelasan yang menghasilkan penggabungan melalui panas yang dihasilkan antara dua permukaan sambungan akibat Gerakan permukaan bergesek secara mekanik. Panas yang dihasilkan akibat gesekan permukaan .sangat tergantung kepada jumlah putaran putaran dari motor penggerak.
Pengujian mesin las gesek tipe rotary ini dilakukan di laboratotrium Teknik Mesin Institut Teknologi Padang. Mesin las gesek mempunyai mempunyai daya motor 2 HP menghasilkan putaran pada chuck 3950 rpm dan penekan sambunga menggunakan dongkrak hydraulic dan dilengkapi dengan sistim pengereman yang berfungsi untuk menghentikan putaran motor setelah terjadi penyambungan dengan waktu pengereman 1.1 detik.
Material uji yang digunakan adalah baja karbon rendah dengan diameter 10 mm dan diameter 8 mm panjang material uji 8 cm. Jumlah material ujidiamter 10 mm adalah 6 batang. Dan jumlah material uji diameter 8 mm sebanyak 6 batang . Permukaan material uji yang disambung harus rata dan bersih dari karatan atau zat kimia lainnya yang data merusak penyatuan sambungan.
Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan pada baja batangan diameter 10 mm dengan Panjang awal 16 cm dengan tiga kali pengujian diperoleh rata rata Panjang akhir 15, 5 cm dengan waktu total pengelasan rata rata 79 detik.dan waktu timbulnya panas dan penekanan 20 detik, besar gaya penekanan 196 N. Pada material ujidiameter 8 mm, Panjang awal 16 cm dengan tiga kali pengujian diperoleh Panjang akhir rata rata 15,5 cm dan total waktu pengelasan 49 detik, waktu panas detik, besar gaya penekanan 157 N
Dari pengujian struktur makro dan pengujian bending menunjukan sifat mekanik b=yang baik dimana dsampel uji tidak ada yang patah atau retak pada pada sambungan nugget yang terbentuk.

Kata kunci : Putaran, waktu lama panas,
Assisting Directional Drilling by Calculating a Safe Operating Envelope
Authors: Saavedra Jerez L. , Cayeux E. , Sui D. 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Nowadays, complex 3D trajectories are executed with a succession of circular arcs (CAs). Although they have constant curvature, their tool face is not constant. Consequently, directional drillers must adjust the tool face regularly to reach the target entry within its tolerances. This paper investigates the use of the constant curvature and constant tool face (CTC in short) curve as an alternative to the CA to assist the directional drilling work to reach the target entry within its boundaries.
The problem is addressed by calculating a safe operating envelope (SOE) to reach the boundaries of the target entry and provide a tolerance window for the curvature and tool face to support directional drilling decisions. The target entry tolerance is discretized as a polygon. From the current bit position and its direction, the possible choices of curvatures and tool faces are obtained to reach the edges of the target entry shape. The SOE can be calculated with the CA or with the CTC curve. It is, therefore, possible to compare the advantages and disadvantages of both types of curves to attain the target entry and stay within its boundaries.
The CA is shorter than the CTC curve. However, it requires adjusting the tool face during the navigation, which is not the case with the CTC curve. As a result, the directional driller can control the bottomhole assembly (BHA) direction such that the well lands within the target entry limits by using set points for tool face and curvature inside the calculated SOE. Furthermore, a new way to represent the SOE is introduced. It makes use of a 3D cylindrical representation where the curvature is mapped as the height of a cylinder, while the tool face corresponds to the azimuth in the cylindrical coordinate system, and the length is linked to the radial distance. This provides a visual aid to understand the SOE. Moreover, this visualization helps to appreciate the relationship between the initial bit location and direction in the construction of the SOE and how the margins increase in a particular manner as the bit approaches the target entry polygon.
The CTC curve is the natural one followed by directional positive displacement motors (PDMs) or rotary steerable systems (RSS). Potentially, the CTC curve may be a more straightforward solution to automated directional drilling control because it is easier to be followed by both PDM and RSS.
Single electron transfer between sulfonium and tryptophan enables site-selective photo crosslinking of methyllysine reader proteins
Authors: Wu Mingxuan , Feng Feng , Gao Yingxiao , Zhao Qun , Luo Ting , Yang Qingyun , Zhao Nan , Xiao Yihang , Han Yusong , Pan Jinheng , Feng Shan , Zhang Lihua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The identification of readers, an important class of proteins that recognize modified residues at specific sites, is essential to uncover biological roles of posttranslational modifications. Photoreactive crosslinkers are powerful tools for investigating readers. However, existing methods usually employ synthetically challenging photoreactive warheads and their high-energy intermediates generated upon irradiation, such as nitrene and carbene, may cause significant non-specific crosslinking. Here we report dimethylsulfonium as a methyllysine mimic that binds to specific readers and subsequently crosslinks to a conserved tryptophan inside the binding pocket through single electron transfer under ultraviolet irradiation. The crosslinking relies on a protein-templated σ-π electron-donor-acceptor interaction between sulfonium and indole, ensuring excellent site-selectivity for tryptophan in the active site and orthogonality to other methyllysine readers. This method could escalate the discovery of methyllysine readers from complex cell samples. Furthermore, this photo crosslinking strategy could be extended to develop other types of microenvironment-dependent conjugations to site-specific tryptophan.
Flood Assessment for Lower Godavari Basin by using the application of GIS-based Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Kara Reshma , Singh Prabhakar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The Godavari River is the principal river in southern India having one of the largest river basins. Several locations in the lower Godavari basin are susceptible to flooding due to the various natural hazards. The region is densely populated and has important land features making it vulnerable to floods. Thus, the combined effect of hazards and vulnerability leads to risk. Considering the strategic importance of the basin, a study is performed to assess flood risk in the lower Godavari basin. There are several methodologies available for flood risk analysis that have been used by various investigators in the past. In the present work, flood risk is assessed using a multiparametric approach known as the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is one of the most advanced and contemporary techniques for decision-making. In this study, the decision factors are considered for calculating the Flood Hazard Index (Rainfall, Slope, Drainage Density, Distance to Stream, Topographic Wetness Index, Stream Power Index, and Sediment Transport Index) and the Flood Vulnerability Index (Population Density, Land Use Land Cover). A detailed map is generated using Arc-GIS for each decision factor and the risk is classified as ‘Very High’, ‘High’, ‘Moderate’, ‘Low’, and ‘Very Low’ based on parametric values. The calculation of flood hazard and flood vulnerability indices is followed by the Flood Risk Index (FRI). Subsequently, the desired FRI map for the lower Godavari basin is generated by identifying the risk zones.
External Funding and its Effects on Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in SAARC Nations: Global Health Financing Strategies
Authors: CHANDRA YOGESH , Jain Ajai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Out-of-pocket health expenditure causes a detrimental impact on health outcomes and also contributes to impoverishment and healthcare catastrophe, a major concern in healthcare financing, prevailing in developing nations. Various components of Current Health Expenditure (CHE) affect the OOPS. This research study focuses on the impact of External Health Expenditure (EHE) on Out-of-pocket health expenditure in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) nations.
The objective of this research study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of patterns and trends in external health expenditure and its impact on Out-of-pocket spending in SAARC nations and provide recommendations to optimize global health financing strategies by addressing common challenges, enhancing the understanding and cooperation for mutual benefits. The study follows a descriptive research design depending on secondary quantitative data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database for the years 2012 to 2021. Descriptive statistics explore the relationship and trend of external health expenditure and out-of-pocket spending.
The discussion highlights the importance of understanding the external sources of funding and its role in promoting accessibility, and affordability to enhance public health and health outcomes by mutual collaboration for good policies and practices.
The research findings emphasize the noticeable impact of external health expenditure on out-of-pocket spending in SAARC countries. So there is a scope for health diplomacy in India. Further researchers, policymakers, and healthcare providers can utilize these findings in developing cost-effective interventions, designing pro-poor financial schemes, and other initiatives to reduce the financial burden on individuals.
Implementation of a Longitudinal Rural, Interprofessional Community-Oriented Primary Care Project (COPC) Curriculum (1997-2023)
Authors: Hinkle Hana E. , Sheppard A. Brianna , Fess Kara , Olson Heidi , Squires Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The Community Oriented Primary Care Project Model (COPC) has been well studied globally as well as in the United States as a way to provide both community-centered primary care and to engage in community based research. For three decades, medical student trainees through the University of Illinois College Of Medicine Rural Medical Education Program (RMED) and Rural Pharmacy Education Program (RPHARM) students through the University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy have participated in a COPC project as a capstone to a four month longitudinal, immersive community-based experience in a rural primary care setting. RMED students begin working with a dedicated faculty advisor and engage in a full research project plan starting in their M3 year for implementation in their 4th year. The purpose of this study was to identify the themes of presentations related to COPC from the graduating classes 1997–2023.
Methods
A research team reviewed projects on 30 elements; including topic and demographics. Patterns in COPC topics and rurality of the location in which the COPC project were also examined by using 2021 U.S. Census Bureau population data and Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) Code.
Results
COPC projects were categorized into 31 main topic areas with mental health being the most prevalent topic area covered by projects (n = 67, 15.7%) followed by 43 (10.1%) projects that focused on nutrition/exercise, and 41 (9.6%) focused on substance use (presented as a separate category from mental health in this analysis).
Conclusions
Project themes have addressed priority health issues in rural communities for over 30 years. Past COPC projects have also been implemented in highly rural areas where research is not often conducted. Students who have participated in the COPC research process are required to present their work at a peer-reviewed Research Day as well as provide results back to the community and stakeholders to support dissemination of results and provide recommendations for policy or program development. The COPC research process can be easily replicated in other trainee models such as to fulfill ACGME requirements of scholarly activity and can provide a template for trainees of this model to implement community-engaged research in the future.
Effect of surface roughness on rotating fatigue strength of as-built AlSi10Mg produced by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Hassanin Andrea El , Prisco Umberto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

ALSi10Mg samples with as-built surfaces characterized by three levels of increasing roughness were fabricated varying the building orientation by laser powder bed fusion. In particular the sample axis was oriented at 0◦, 90◦, and 45◦ with respect to the building direction. It is demonstrated that roughness directly influ ences the fatigue performance of as-built samples, since cracks initiate at surface notches related to features produced by surface roughness. Rougher surfaces gen erate higher concentration stress and show lower cyclic properties. Then the rotating fatigue strength of the samples is non-destructively estimated using the Murakami’s square root area parameter model. The equivalent size of the defect was calculated from the roughness parameters Sz and RSm. The model gives a good correlation with the experimental data, and then it can be applied to evaluate the fatigue strength of as-build ALSi10Mg. These results are important for the reliable design in terms of fatigue strength of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg components.
Allocating the Remaining Global Carbon Budget: A Human Rights-Based Approach on the basis of the Right to Sustainable Development.
Authors: Blasco Pablo , Alcaraz Olga , Sureda Bàrbara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Although the adoption of the Paris Agreement has promoted worldwide climate action, much more is needed. Equity plays a pivotal role not only to increase climate action worldwide, by convincing others to contribute with their fair share, but also it assesses the needs and rights of people worldwide from a moral and justice standpoint. The concept of equity appears in official and agreed documents of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Agreement, however it lacks a standardized framework and methodology. The present study aims to promote a human rights based approach to climate change by operationalizing the equity concept, focusing on the right to sustainable development. The operationalization of this is obtained through the application of the Right to Sustainable Development Model (RSDM), comprising past countries' GHG emissions, present economic status, sustainability level and future climate vulnerabilities. The dimensions of the RSDM allows to calculate emissions allocations of the remaining global carbon budget for 1.5°C and 2°C temperature goals for 185 countries, addressing both emissions reduction and the developmental needs of certain nations while fostering sustainable development. The results obtained allow for a better understanding of the past, present and future inequalities that countries have faced, are facing and will face, clearly delineating the division between developed and developing countries. Furthermore, the outcome of the model highlights that under a climate regime that prioritizes the right to sustainable development, developed countries' current emissions would exceed the levels consistent with their assigned quotas, thereby occupying an atmospheric space that rightfully belongs to other countries and further exacerbating global climate change, which, in turn, will disproportionately affect countries around the world. Prioritizing equity in global climate negotiations and decisions is crucial. Actionable frameworks are needed to ensure countries fulfillment of their right to sustainable development. This study presents a comprehensive model for assessing this dimension, emphasizing the imperative of centering climate action on the principles of equity and a human rights based approach.
Sex-specific epigenetic signatures of circulating urate and its increase after BCG vaccination
Authors: Xu Cheng-Jian , Liu Zhaoli , Crișan Tania , Qi Cancan , Gupta Manoj , Liu Xuan , Moorlag Simone , Koeken Valerie A.C.M. , de Bree Charlotte , Mourits Vera , Gao Xu , Baccarelli Andrea , Schwartz Joel , Pessler Frank , Guzmán Carlos , Li Yang , Netea Mihai , Joosten Leo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Urate concentration and the physiological regulation of urate homeostasis exhibit clear sex differences. DNA methylation has been shown to explain a substantial proportion of serum urate variance, mediate the genetic effect on urate concentration, and co-regulate with cardiometabolic traits. However, whether urate concentration is associated with DNA methylation in a sex-dependent manner is unknown. Additionally, it is worth investigating if urate changes after perturbations, such as vaccination, are associated with DNA methylation in a sex-specific manner.
Methods: We investigated the association between DNA methylation and serum urate concentrations in a Dutch cohort of 325 healthy individuals. Urate concentration and DNA methylation were measured before and after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, used as a perturbation associated with increased gout flares. The association analysis included united, interaction, and sex-stratified analysis. Validation of the identified CpG sites was conducted using three independent cohorts.
Results: 215 CpG sites were associated with serum urate in males, while 5 CpG sites were associated with serum urate in females, indicating sex-specific associations. Circulating urate concentrations significantly increased after BCG vaccination, and baseline DNA methylation was associated with differences in urate concentration before and after vaccination in a sex-specific manner. The CpG sites associated with urate concentration in males were enriched in neuro-protection pathways, whereas in females, the urate change-associated CpG sites were related to lipid and glucose metabolism.
Conclusion: Our study enhances the understanding of how epigenetic factors contribute to regulating serum urate levels in a sex-specific manner. These insights have significant implications for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of various urate-related diseases and highlight the importance of personalized and sex-specific approaches in medicine.