bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of nutrition labeling on edible oil processing and consumption patterns in the US
Authors: List Gary R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe period from 2003 to present has had a profound effect on the edible oil industry. Health/nutrition issues including trans, saturated and omega‐3 acids in the diet have impacted the soybean market, edible oil consumption patterns and consumer perception of lipid based foods. In order to satisfy the concerns, much technology has been developed to remove trans/saturated fats from the food supply. Processors have turned from hydrogenation to chemical or enzymatic modification, modified oil hardening to formulate low/zero trans products and increased use of tropical oils. Trait modified oilseeds have been developed and commercialized and are no longer niche crops supplying about 18% of domestic food oil needs.
The Influence of Side‐Chain Position on the Optoelectronic Properties of a Red‐Emitting Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Lu Li Ping , Finlayson Chris E. , Kabra Dinesh , Albert‐Seifried Sebastian , Song Myoung Hoon , Havenith Remco W. A. , Tu Guoli , Huck Wilhelm T. S. , Friend Richard H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA study of the organic semiconductor F8TBT is presented, directly comparing a conventional form (F8TBT‐out) with a form with varied alkyl side‐chain position (F8TBT‐in), in terms of optical properties and device performance in light‐emitting‐diodes (LEDs). Computational simulations of the side‐chain position with respect to the TBT unit reveal geometrical differences between F8TBT‐out and F8TBT‐in. π–π conjugation on the backbone of F8TBT‐in is interrupted by a distortion of the benzothiadiazole ring, leading to a blue‐shift of the absorption spectrum and increased photoluminescence quantum efficiency. Both conventional and hybrid LEDs demonstrate that devices with F8TBT‐in show improved performance, as compared to F8TBT‐out, illustrating how tuning the optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers by varying the placement of side chains has an important role in device optimization.magnified image
Hinge‐Linked Polymer Gels: A Rigid Network Cross‐Linked with a Rotatable Tetrasubstituted Ferrocene
Authors: Hosono Nobuhiko , Yoshihara Naoki , Murakami Yoshihiko , Watanabe Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA novel polymeric gel is designed and synthesized, based on rotatable 1,1′,3,3′‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)ferrocene cross‐linking units capable of hinge‐like motion. This hinge‐linked gel results from an end‐to‐end reaction between the ferrocene‐based cross‐linker and a bifunctional poly(amide acid) oligomer. The cross‐linking reaction efficiency is estimated by sol fraction analysis based on the Miller–Macosko model. Mechanical properties and rheological measurements show that the hinge‐linked gel exhibits good mechanical stability and perfect elastic properties, although the gel cross‐linking depends solely on metal–organic coordination at the ferrocenyl center. The hinge‐linked network concept presented herein offers a novel design concept, which may be applicable to a variety of polymeric materials such as resins, metal–organic frameworks, and gels.magnified image
Biomimetic Dopamine‐Diels–Alder Switches
Authors: Preuss Corinna M. , Goldmann Anja S. , Trouillet Vanessa , Walther Andreas , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMussel adhesives function as tools for surface modifications of a wide variety of materials due to their remarkable adhesion properties. Herein, a combination of bioinspired mussel adhesives based on a dopamine derivative, polymer chemistry, and well‐established Diels–Alder (DA) chemistry leads to a bioinspired switchable surface system that possesses the capability of attaching and detaching specific polymers on demand. A dopaminemaleimide compound, which has been attached to a gold surface under maritime conditions undergoes DA‐ and retro‐DA‐click‐conjugations with cyclopentadiene‐carrying PEG chains. The surface attachment and the subsequent DA/rDA cycles are evidenced via XPS analysis.magnified image
A porous pH‐stabilized composite material consisting of poly (D,L‐lactide), calcium carbonate and gentamicin for bone substitution
Authors: Backhaus S. , Annen T. , Epple M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMacroporous objects of poly(D,L‐lactide), PDLLA, and calcium carbonate were prepared by hot‐pressing (0% porosity), gas‐foaming (50% porosity), and a combination of gas‐foaming and salt leaching (70% porosity). They were loaded with 15 wt% of gentamicin without loss of the mechanical properties. The release of gentamicin occurred over several weeks, making this material suitable as a mechanically stable porous and degradable bone substitution material with antibacterial properties.
Effect of C60 Fullerene on the expression of ERN1 signaling related genes in human astrocytes
Authors: Minchenko D.O. , Prylutska S.V. , Moenner M. , Minchenko O.H. , Prylutskyy Y.I. , Schütze C. , Ritter U. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe effect of C60 fullerene on the expression levels of genes, related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell proliferation, in human astrocytes was investigated. The exposure of human astrocytes to C60 fullerene during 24 or 72 h increases the expression levels of transcription factor E2F8, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐2, and tumor suppressor SMAD mRNAs in human astrocytes. At the same time, the expression levels of HSD17B2, PBEF1, HSPB8 mRNA decrease in cells treated with C60 fullerene, being more intense for HSD17B2. Moreover, C60 fullerene increases the proliferation rate of astrocytes. Thus, C60 fullerene affects the expression of genes which control proliferation.
Transport of supramolecular drugs across the cell membrane by calcium phosphate nanoparticles
Authors: Rotan O. , Sokolova V. , Gilles P. , Hu W. , Dutt S. , Schrader T. , Epple M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMany target sites of synthetic supramolecular drug molecules are located inside cells. Since larger and highly charged molecules are typically not able to cross the cell membrane on their own, an efficient carrier is needed. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were loaded with different artificial protein and DNA binders, i. e. a polyfunctional anionic polymer, a cationic calixarene dimer and amphiphilic molecular tweezers. The loading of calcium phosphate nanoparticles with these molecules was quantitatively determined by UV spectroscopy. As visualized by fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles were easily taken up by HeLa cells together with their cargo. In contrast, the dissolved molecules alone were not able to penetrate the cell membrane.
Hydration properties of nanosilica, modified by adsorbed C60 fullerene
Authors: Turov V.V. , Ugnivenko A.P. , Krupskaya T.V. , Prylutskyy Y.I. , Schütze C. , Ritter U. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe adsorption of water, methane and hydrogen on a nanocomposite surface based on nanosilica A‐300 modified by C60 fullerene by absorption was studied by low‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. The thermodynamic characteristics, the size of the interface water clusters, and co‐adsorption effects of combustible gases, i. e. methane and hydrogen, were determined. The distribution of the adsorbed water clusters radii showed several maxima depending on the environment. In hydrogen atmosphere the maximum amount of water was detected in clusters with radii of less than 2 nm. It was found that in contrast to the original silica, the weakly polar organic compounds and water adsorbed on different parts of the SiO2/C60 nanocomposite surface.
Effect of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on the expression of selected growth and transcription factors in human astrocytes
Authors: Minchenko D.O. , Spivak M.Y. , Herasymenko R.M. , Ivanov V.K. , Tretyakov Y.D. , Minchenko O.H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study was undertaken to examine the effect of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on the expression levels of genes, encoded transcription and growth factors, which are important for control of cell proliferation and survival in human astrocytes. Exposure of astrocytes with cerium dioxide nanoparticles (0.17 and 0.34 mg/ml of medium) during 20 h significantly decreases the expression level of transcription factors TBX3, E2F8 and FOXF1 mRNAs, being stronger for higher doses of nanoparticles. Moreover, the expression levels of IGFBP1 and IGFBP2 as well as LIF mRNA also significantly decreased in astrocytes after treatment with cerium dioxide nanoparticles. It is possible that the observed changes in the expression profile of the studied genes in astrocytes treated with cerium dioxide nanoparticles are associated with its toxic effect mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor‐signaling systems in part through the bifunctional membrane enzyme ERN1. Thus, cerium dioxide nanoparticles have a significant effect on important regulatory mechanisms, which control cell proliferation and survival in human astrocytes.
Calcium phosphate ceramics with sodium‐rich calcium phosphate phases at the surface
Authors: Zyman Z. , Epple M. , Goncharenko A. , Rokhmistrov D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCalcium phosphate was prepared by aqueous wet‐chemical precipitation from sodium phosphate and calcium nitrate under standard conditions. By incomplete removal of the mother liquor, the by‐product sodium nitrate remained in the dried powder. Upon annealing at 1150°C, the sodium‐rich phases β‐rhenanite (NaCaPO4) and Na3Ca6(PO4)5 were formed. If the powder was first compacted and then annealed at 1150°C, the sodium‐rich phases were enriched in the sample surface up to a depth of about 140 μm as shown by X‐ray powder diffraction. As these phases have a higher water solubility than sintered hydroxyapatite, they will enhance the resorption of such a ceramic in contact with hard tissues.
Photoexcited fullerene C60 disturbs prooxidant‐antioxidant balance in leukemic L1210 cells
Authors: Grynyuk I. , Grebinyk S. , Prylutska S. , Mykhailova A. , Franskevich D. , Matyshevska O. , Schütze C. , Ritter U. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAccording to the data of laser‐correlation spectroscopy of the pristine fullerene C60 water colloid solution used in the study the average hydrodynamic radius of nanoparticles was 50 nm and no agglomeration was observed. With the use of the fluorescent probe 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat thymocytes and in human leukemic cells L1210 pretreated with 10–5 M fullerene C60 and irradiated in a diapason 320–600 nm was estimated. Irradiation per se is shown to be followed by slight increase of ROS production. No further increase of fluorescent signal was detected in thymocytes during 3 h of incubation after combined action of C60 and irradiation. In contrast leukemic cells respond to combined action of C60 and irradiation by pronounced intensification of ROS production. This phenomenon is shown to be connected with prooxidant‐antioxidant imbalance induced by photoexcited fullerene C60 in L1210 cells, enhancement of the first superoxide dismutase against decreasing of the second glutathione peroxidase steps of antioxidant defense. The prooxidant effect of photoexcited fullerene C60 leading to oxidative stress could be used for elaborating the strategies of targeted oxidative injury of leukemic cells.
Hexagonal C and BN superstructures on Ru(0001) and Ge(111)
Authors: Goriachko A. , Melnik P.V. , Nakhodkin M.G. , Zakharov A.A. , Over H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA brief overview of hexagonal superstructures with a periodicity of ˜3 nm formed on Ru(0001) and Ge(111) by graphene or hexagonal boron nitride with a thickness of just a single atomic layer is given. A periodic height corrugation of such layers due to the lattice mismatch with the substrate material is of the order of 0.1 nm. Selected examples of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low energy electron microscopy/diffraction (LEEM/LEED) investigations of BN/Ru(0001), C/Ru(0001), (BN)xCy/Ru(0001) and C/Ge(111) are presented. These systems can act as nanotemplates for metal nanoparticles growth, as well as strongly heterogeneous substrates for molecular adsorption.
The influence of Hofmeister's effect on the osmotic behavior of erythrocytes and on the state of water in their suspension
Authors: Pakulova O.K. , Gorobchenko O.A. , Nikolov O.T. , Adelyanov A.V. , Pastukhova S.Y. , Bondarenko V.A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe bulk phase of water and its status in the cells play an important role in the management of metabolic processes. One of the little‐known universal phenomenon associated with the state of water is the Hofmeister effect which influences interfacial surfaces, the conformation of macromolecules, enzyme activity, and the growth of microorganisms. We investigated the influence of this effect on the change in the cell's ability to adapt to changing osmotic conditions, since understanding the mechanisms of osmotic behavior of the cells is an important step in the management of their activity (start of endo‐ and exocytosis, apoptosis). It is shown that specific properties of anions in the medium correlate with the osmotic sensitivity of red blood cells (RBC) and with indicators of free and bound water in suspension. The lyotropic series anion solution effect on the cell is a change of the hydration and structure of the membrane, which determines the osmotic behavior of the cell and the water environment properties.
Electrical and shielding properties of epoxy composites containing hybrid carbon fillers
Authors: Vovchenko L. , Matzui L. , Oliynyk V. , Launetz V. , Zhuravkov O. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe electrical and shielding properties of the epoxy resin (ED20) filled with graphite nanoplatelets and cut carbon fibres were investigated. The filler content was varied within 3–15 wt%, and the weight ratio of graphite nanoplatelets and carbon fibres was equal to 9:1. The DC conductivity was investigated by the two‐ or four‐probe methods in the temperature range 77–293 K. The shielding properties were measured in the frequency range of 26.5 to 37.5 GHz. The real part of the permittivity ε′r and the loss tangent tan δ for these composites were determined by the short‐circuited line method. The addition of carbon fibres slightly decreased the percolation threshold (Ccr ≈ 5.2 wt%) and caused a lower electrical conductivity with increasing filler content. Moreover, the addition of carbon fibres enhanced the shielding properties of composites mainly due to the increase of the electromagnetic radiation reflection index R.
The Colour of Pain: Can Patients Use Colour to Describe Osteoarthritis Pain?
Authors: Wylde Vikki , Wells Victoria , Dixon Samantha , Gooberman‐Hill Rachael 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore patients’ views on the acceptability and feasibility of using colour to describe osteoarthritis (OA) pain, and whether colour could be used to communicate pain to healthcare professionals.MethodsSix group interviews were conducted with 17 patients with knee OA. Discussion topics included first impressions about using colour to describe pain, whether participants could associate their pain with colour, how colours related to changes to intensity and different pain qualities, and whether they could envisage using colour to describe pain to healthcare professionals.ResultsThe group interviews indicated that, although the idea of using colour was generally acceptable, it did not suit all participants as a way of describing their pain. The majority of participants chose red to describe high‐intensity pain; the reasons given were because red symbolized inflammation, fire, anger and the stop signal in a traffic light system. Colours used to describe the absence of pain were chosen because of their association with positive emotional feelings, such as purity, calmness and happiness. A range of colours was chosen to represent changes in pain intensity. Aching pain was consistently identified as being associated with colours such as grey or black, whereas sharp pain was described using a wider selection of colours. The majority of participants thought that they would be able to use colour to describe their pain to healthcare professionals, although issues around the interpretability and standardization of colour were raised.ConclusionsFor some patients, using colour to describe their pain experience may be a useful tool to improve doctor–patient communication. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of mitochondrial fission and fusion regulatory proteins in skeletal muscle during chronic use and disuse
Authors: Iqbal Sobia , Ostojic Olga , Singh Kaustabh , Joseph Anna‐Maria , Hood David A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The mitochondrial network within cells is mediated by fission and fusion processes. Methods: We investigated the expression of the proteins responsible for these events during conditions of altered oxidative capacity. Results: With chronic contractile activity, the mitochondrial reticulum increased in size, along with concomitant increases in the fusion proteins Opa1 and Mfn2 (by 36% and 53%; P < 0.05). When we induced muscle disuse through denervation for 7 days, fragmented mitochondria were observed, along with significant decreases in the expression of Mfn2 and Opa1 (by 84% and 70%). To assess the effects of aging on mitochondrial morphology, young (5 month) and aged (35 month) Fisher 344 Brown Norway rats were used. Aged animals also possessed smaller mitochondria and displayed increased levels of fission proteins. Conclusions: Chronic muscle use increases the ratio of fusion:fission proteins, leading to reticular mitochondria, whereas muscle disuse and aging result in a decrease in this ratio, culminating in fragmented organelles. Muscle Nerve 48: 963–970, 2013
Toilet training in healthy children: Results of a questionnaire study involving parents who make use of day‐care at least once a week
Authors: Kaerts Nore , Vermandel Alexandra , Van Hal Guido , Wyndaele Jean‐Jacques 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimsTo investigate how toilet training (TT) is dealt with and what the associated feelings are in Flemish families using day‐care at least once a week.MethodsA questionnaire was provided to 256 parents of healthy children between 15 and 35 months old, using day‐care every week. Data were analyzed using SPSS18.0.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐two questionnaires were completed (response rate: 87%), of which 221 were valid. The overall results show that the start of TT and method used are mainly in line with current recommendations, and that the cooperation between parents and day‐care is seen as positive, providing support for the parents in guiding their child in the TT‐process. Most parents (74%) stated that day‐care and parents should play an equal role in the TT‐process. However, 17% of the parents experienced uncertainty, stress, and/or frustration related to TT. This percentage increased to 30% when asked about the right moment to start TT. Moreover, 18% of the parents reported a lack of time to guide their child in the TT‐process. Eighteen percent of the parents agreed that responsibility for TT is increasingly passed on to day‐care, while 46% remained undecided. In addition, 40% of the parents had no idea whether they used the same TT method as the day‐care center.ConclusionsThe results, in general, reflect a positive image of how TT is dealt with. However, several concerns were raised about the shared TT between parents and day‐care, implying that further research on this topic is needed.Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:316–323, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reliability and validity of the body image quality of life inventory: Version for Brazilian burn victims
Authors: Assunção Flávia Fernanda Oliveira , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti , Ciol Márcia Aparecida , Gonçalves Natália , Farina Jayme Adriano , Rossi Lidia Aparecida 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe aims of this study were to adapt the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI) into Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and to assess the psychometric properties of the adapted version. Construct validity was assessed by correlating the BIQLI‐BP scores with the Rosenberg's Self‐Esteem Scale, with Burns Specific Health Scale—Revised (BSHS‐R), and with gender, total body surface area burned, and visibility of the scars. Participants were 77 adult burn patients. Cronbach's alpha for the adapted version was .90 and moderate linear correlations were found between body image and self‐esteem and between BIQLI‐BP scores and two domains of the BSHS‐R: affect and body image and interpersonal relationships. The BIQLI‐BP showed acceptable levels of reliability and validity for Brazilian burn patients. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36:299–310, 2013
Characterization of melt‐compounded and masterbatch‐diluted polypropylene composites filled with several fillers
Authors: Nevalainen Katja , Auvinen Sanna , Orell Olli , Eteläaho Pirkko , Suihkonen Reija , Vuorinen Jyrki , Järvelä Pentti 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe effect of various fillers on the mechanical, barrier, and flammability properties of polypropylene (PP) was studied. PP was filled with 4 wt% of nano‐sized calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, organoclay, and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). For comparison, micron‐sized calcium carbonate was also studied. Two‐step masterbatch dilution approach of the composites suggested no or only minor improvements in Young's modulus and tensile yield strength, whereas their ductility decreased compared to coupling agent‐modified PP matrix. The water vapor transmission results of filled films showed increased permeability compared to their coupling agent‐modified counterpart. Oxygen permeability, however, decreased for the composites. The MWCNT‐filled matrix showed the highest barrier and fire performance, attributed mainly to its higher filler volume content, but also other reasons such as the effect of filler dispersion, composite's thermal stability, and polymer crystallinity were discussed.POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
In situ preparation of Au or Ag nanoparticles in the presence of hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)s with hydrophobic end‐groups as nanoreactors and reductants
Authors: Shi Yunfeng , Xia Ning , Lv Chunna , Xing Zhimin , Guo Fang , Ding Tiantian , Zhang Na , Zhao Huiting , Wang Haige , Zhang Guanfeng , Wang Ying , Liu Lin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHyperbranched poly(amidoamine)s with methyl ester terminals (HPAMAM‐COOCH3) were used as nanoreactors and reductants to prepare gold or silver nanoparticles (Au NPs or Ag NPs). HPAMAM‐COOCH3 could bind AuCl4
− (or Ag+) and then reduce AuCl4
− (or Ag+) into Au NPs (or Ag NPs) through their internal amines, while the external methyl ester groups prevented the aggregation of polymers. The formation of Au NPs or Ag NPs was verified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), X‐Ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), confirming the formation of Au NPs or Ag NPs with small particle size and low size distribution.POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers