bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sputum Induction in Children and Adolescents with Problematic Severe Asthma: Success Rate, Safety and Tolerability
Authors: T. Ricci Cristiane de Abreu , F. Lasmar Laura Maria de Lima B. , Pitrez Paulo M. , F. Mascarenhas Raimundo , Camargos Paulo A. M. 
Published: April 2015

Background:
In problematic severe asthma (PSA), inflammatory phenotypes can by identified by assessing cellularity
in induced sputum (IS) samples. However, there have been few studies employing sputum induction (SI) in pediatric
patients.

Objectives:
To assess the success rate, safety and tolerability of SI, as well as IS sample cellularity, in pediatric PSA patients.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 44 pediatric PSA patients. We collected IS samples using inhalations
of nebulized saline solution. On the basis of the post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second
(FEV1, % of predicted), we administered nebulization with 4.5% hypertonic saline (for patients with an FEV1 ≥ 60%) or
0.9% isotonic saline (for those with an FEV1 < 60%). We classified IS samples as satisfactory if there was ≤ 20%
squamous cell contamination and cell viability was > 50%.

Results:
The observed success rate was 75% (95% CI: 60-86). Most of the patients provided satisfactory samples, although
multiple SI sessions were required in some cases (27%). In comparison with the IS samples containing > 20%
squamous cells, those containing ≤ 20% showed significantly more neutrophils (P = 0.02) and eosinophils (P = 0.03). The
most common adverse events were mild wheezing (in 14%) and salty taste (in 9%). In 8% of the sessions, there was a ≥
20% decrease in FEV1.

Conclusion:
In our sample of pediatric patients with PSA, sputum induction was safe and generally well tolerated, suggesting
that it could be useful in the assessment of inflammatory processes in such patients.
Effective Reuse of Electroplating Rinse Wastewater by Combining PAC with H2O2/UV Process
Authors: Yen Hsing Yuan , Kang Shyh‐Fang , Lin Chen Pei 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the performance of treating electroplating rinse wastewater by powder activated carbon (PAC) adsorption, H2O2/UV oxidation, and their combination to remove organic compounds and heavy metals. The results showed that neither the process of PAC adsorption nor H2O2/UV oxidation could reduce COD to 100 mg/L, as enforced by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency. On the other hand, the water sample treated by the combined approach of using PAC (5 g/L) pre‐adsorption and H2O2/UV post‐oxidation (UV of 64 W, H2O2 of 100 mg/L, oxidation time of 90 min), COD and DOC were reduced to 8.2 mg/L and 3.8 mg/L, respectively. Also, the combined approach reduced heavy metals to meet the effluent standards and to satisfy the in‐house water reuse criteria for the electroplating factory. The reaction constant analysis indicated that the reaction proceeded much more rapidly for the combined process. Hence, it is a more efficient, economic and environmentally friendly process.
Enrichment of AOB and NOB Population by Applying a BABE Reactor in an Activated Sludge Pilot Plant
Authors: Gatti Marcela N. , Giménez Juan B. , Carretero Laura , Ruano María V. , Borrás Luis , Serralta Joaquín , Seco Aurora 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the effect of a bioaugmentation batch enhanced (BABE) reactor implementation in a biological nutrient removal pilot plant on the populations of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique showed that AOB and NOB populations were significantly enhanced, from 4 to 8% and from 2 to 9%, respectively, as a result of the BABE reactor implementation. Regarding AOB, the percentage of Nitrosomonas oligotropha was mainly increased (3 to 6%). Regarding NOB, Nitrospirae spp was greatly enhanced (1 to 7%). Both species are considered K‐strategist (high affinity to the substrate, low maximum growth rates) and they usually predominate in reactors with low ammonium and nitrite concentrations, respectively.
COMMENTARY––The Public Interest Imperative in Corporate Sustainability Reporting Research
Authors: Nickell Erin Burrell , Roberts Robin W. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
The United Nations, federal governments and their agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), shareholder activists, private sector standard setters, and academic researchers, as well as many others, are taking actions to improve corporations' accountability regarding the environmental and social impacts of their operations. These actions have helped propel a rapid increase in voluntary corporate sustainability reporting. Although the uptake in sustainability reporting has received a significant amount of support from relevant and respected organizations, academic and policy debates continue over whether voluntary corporate sustainability reports can monitor corporate activities effectively. While some researchers view these reports as signals of superior actions, others argue that they provide corporations with an opportunity to obfuscate their actual social and environmental performance through selective and incomplete disclosure strategies. The purpose of this commentary is to advocate for accounting researchers, regardless of their theoretical framework, research question, or method, to use a more inclusive definition of the public interest when performing corporate sustainability reporting research. We believe that a more inclusive public interest definition is required due to: (1) the broad impact of corporate social and environmental activities on global climate change and planetary sustainability; (2) a tendency for financial market accounting research to focus strictly on economic-based, potential corporate net benefits or costs derived from voluntary corporate sustainability reporting; and (3) the need to acknowledge the collective action problem inherent in developing policies dealing with corporate sustainable development activities and reporting. By using a more inclusive definition of the public interest in corporate sustainability reporting research, the accounting research community can contribute more positively to society's understanding of how well corporations are meeting and reporting on their significant public interest responsibilities related to the climate change consequences of their operations.
An Examination of the Effects of Managerial Procedural Safeguards, Managerial Likeability, and Type of Fraudulent Act on Intentions to Report Fraud to a Manager
Authors: Kaplan Steven E. , Pope Kelly R. , Samuels Janet A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Only a fraction of employees who discover fraud report this information. Given the serious consequences of fraud, better understanding factors influencing individuals' intentions to report fraud, particularly to a non-anonymous recipient such as a manager, is important. We predict that reporting intentions to a manager will be influenced by attributes of the firm (e.g., whether managerial procedural safeguards are strong or weak), the report recipient (e.g., whether the manager is likeable or unlikeable), and the type of fraud (e.g., misappropriation of assets or fraudulent financial reporting). Results from this experimental study indicate that managerial likeability and the type of fraud, but not managerial procedural safeguards or the interaction with managerial likeability, significantly influence reporting intentions to a manager. We contend that participants are influenced by managerial likeability because it provides specific information about the manager and acts as a signal about how the manager will likely handle a fraud report. These results, consistent with previous research (Robinson, Robertson, and Curtis 2012), suggest that participants make stronger attributions to a person engaging in misappropriation of assets compared to a person engaging in fraudulent financial reporting. Implications of this study to the practitioner and academic communities are discussed.
Modeling of hot deformation behavior with dynamic recrystallization in TC4 titanium alloy
Authors: Pu Chun Lei , Zhu Guo Hui , Tao Ying Long , Yang Shu Bao 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Isothermal compression tests of TC4 titanium alloy over a temperature range of 973 K to 1123 K and strain rate range of 0.1 s−1 to 30 s−1 showed that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred under all deformation conditions. To model the flow stress taking into account the DRX behavior, the model was divided into two stages by the critical strain of DRX (∊c) calculated using the Poliak–Jonas method. The flow stress in the first stage with no DRX (∊ ≤ ∊c) was described by the Estrin–Mecking equation. The flow stress in the second stage with DRX (∊ > ∊c) was expressed by the interaction of work hardening, dynamic recovery, and DRX. The function relationship between the principal parameters in the flow stress model and the deformation conditions described by the Zener–Hollomon parameter was also analyzed. The prediction of the constructed flow stress model agreed well with the experimental results.
Microstructural characterization of nanostructured supersonic sprayed Ni–Sn coatings after wear tests at elevated temperature
Authors: Kusinski Jan , Kac Slawomir , Kowalski Kazimierz , Dubiel Beata , Dymek Stanislaw , Czyrska-Filemonowicz Aleksandra , Dosta Sergi , Celis Jean-Pierre , Georgiou Emmanuel , Matteazzi Paolo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper presents results of the wear behavior, as well as the microstructural (scanning and transmission electron microscopy) and compositional (microanalysis with using energy dispersive and X-ray photon emission spectroscopy) characterization of nanostructured Ni-20Sn (wt.%) coatings, deposited on an Inconel 718 substrate by supersonic cold gas spraying at different spraying parameters. Coatings were examined in the as-deposited state and after testing in a linearly reciprocating sliding wear test at room temperature, 200, 400 and 550 °C. It was found that the Ni–Sn coatings exhibit superior wear resistance compared to benchmark materials. This is attributed to an appropriate balance of soft (Ni) and to hard (Ni3Sn – intermetallic) phases and to the nanostructure of the matrix, as well as to the presence of an NiO oxide tribo-layer, as revealed by the microanalysis and electron microscopy.
An experimental investigation into the effects of Cr2O3 and ZnO2 nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and durability of self-compacting mortar
Authors: Yang Jian , Mohseni Ehsan , Behforouz Babak , Khotbehsara Mojdeh Mehrinejad 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of using Cr2O3 and ZnO2 nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and durability of self-compacting mortars are investigated. A fraction of Portland cement was replaced with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wt.% of either Cr2O3 or ZnO2 nanoparticles, and 25 wt.% fly ash. The rheological properties of these mortars were determined through the mini-slump flow diameter and V-funnel flow time tests. The mechanical and durability characteristics were evaluated by compressive and flexural strength, water absorption, electrical resistivity and rapid chloride permeability tests. The microstructure of the mortars was assessed through the use of scanning electron microscopy. The inclusion of 2 wt.% Cr2O3 or 4 wt.% ZnO2 nanoparticles had the best result in compressive and flexural strength tests. Also, mixtures containing either 3 wt.% of Cr2O3 or 5 wt.% of ZnO2 nanoparticles obtained the best result in terms of durability. It can be deduced that the properties of these mixtures are significantly improved by the addition of Cr2O3 and ZnO2 nanoparticles.
La politique européenne des transports procède-t-elle d’une logique territoriale ?
Authors: Beyer Antoine 
Published: April 2015

Issus de l’élargissement des compétences communautaires, les réseaux-transeuropéens de transport (RTE-T) affirment une dimension spatiale de la construction européenne. Cette évolution correspond-elle pour autant à une territorialisation des institutions communautaires, définie par l’accroissement d’un pouvoir politique sur un espace spécifique ? L’analyse montre que s’il y a bien l’amorce d’une territorialisation, cette dernière s’opère sans transfert de souveraineté. Le levier d’action de l’UE repose de fait sur sa capacité d’incitation politique et financière vis-à-vis des États-membres qui gardent toute leur capacité d’initiative. On serait alors tenté de parler avec Andreas Faludi (2013) de « soft territorialisation » pour les RTE-T dans la mesure où l’action communautaire passe par une légitimité de concertation et non par le renforcement d’un pouvoir supranational.
L’expérience internationale étudiante : un atout pour une carrière sur la scène mondiale ?
Authors: Robert Jocelyne , Carrabs Vincenzo 
Published: April 2015

Le but de cette étude est de comprendre l’incidence de l’expérience internationale acquise pendant les études sur le type de carrière ultérieure. Il s’agit de souligner l’importance pour l’entreprise de comprendre cette incidence. Quel est le profil de carrière de ceux qui ont vécu une expérience internationale ? Quelle peut être l’utilité de cette expérience pour la carrière en entreprise ? Nous tenterons ainsi d’attirer l’attention des recruteurs, des départements de ressources humaines, mais aussi des gestionnaires de programmes d’institutions d’enseignement et des cadres eux-mêmes sur l’importance de cette expérience internationale pour la carrière et pour l’entreprise.
Évoluer en développement des affaires : Atouts, Attentes, Attraits et Aspirations pour ces professionnels de la commercialisation
Authors: Turgeon Normand 
Published: April 2015

Les efforts stratégiques et tactiques de commercialisation des organisations font ressurgir la nécessité de revoir les tâches et les appellations de leurs professionnels de mise en marché. Ainsi, ces dernières années, des indicateurs pointent vers une nouvelle catégorie de professionnels en marketing, qu’on désigne par l’appellation « développement des affaires ». À la fois conceptuel et pragmatique, cet article permet de faire un tour d’horizon du rôle du développement des affaires en entreprise et des emplois en ce domaine. Un échantillon d’offres d’emploi parues en français au Québec a été analysé à l’aide du modèle inédit des quatre A, et les résultats sont donc présentés en termes d’atouts, d’attentes, d’attraits et d’aspirations des candidats. Cet article offre aux employeurs, professeurs, formateurs professionnels, chasseurs de talents, diplômés en administration des affaires, ou encore à toute personne en pratique des affaires, l’occasion de faire le point sur ce sujet.
Comment sensibiliser localement à des pratiques écoresponsables ?
Authors: Dupré Mickaël , Dangeard Isabelle , Meineri Sébastien 
Published: April 2015

De nombreux administrateurs sont confrontés à la problématique de sensibiliser les individus à des pratiques quotidiennes plus écoresponsables. Mais comment accompagner les usagers afin qu’ils éteignent les lumières et le matériel informatique quand ils quittent le bureau ? Comment favoriser l’usage du covoiturage afin de se rendre sur son lieu de travail ? Nous passerons en revue ici les principales stratégies de sensibilisation appliquées aux comportements écoresponsables. Après avoir présenté les traditionnelles techniques d’information et d’incitation, nous nous intéresserons à des techniques originales reposant sur la réalisation d’un acte préparatoire. Nous verrons que les stratégies comportementales présentent une option pertinente en matière de sensibilisation à l’environnement. Enfin, nous nous intéresserons à la technique de la rétroaction ( feedback ), qui peut être combinée avec les techniques précédemment mentionnées.
Factor H–Related Protein 5 Interacts with Pentraxin 3 and the Extracellular Matrix and Modulates Complement Activation
Authors: Csincsi Ádám I. , Kopp Anne , Zöldi Miklós , Bánlaki Zsófia , Uzonyi Barbara , Hebecker Mario , Caesar Joseph J. E. , Pickering Matthew C. , Daigo Kenji , Hamakubo Takao , Lea Susan M. , Goicoechea de Jorge Elena , Józsi Mihály 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe physiological roles of the factor H (FH)-related proteins are controversial and poorly understood. Based on genetic studies, FH-related protein 5 (CFHR5) is implicated in glomerular diseases, such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, dense deposit disease, and CFHR5 nephropathy. CFHR5 was also identified in glomerular immune deposits at the protein level. For CFHR5, weak complement regulatory activity and competition for C3b binding with the plasma complement inhibitor FH have been reported, but its function remains elusive. In this study, we identify pentraxin 3 (PTX3) as a novel ligand of CFHR5. Binding of native CFHR5 to PTX3 was detected in human plasma and the interaction was characterized using recombinant proteins. The binding of PTX3 to CFHR5 is of ∼2-fold higher affinity compared with that of FH. CFHR5 dose-dependently inhibited FH binding to PTX3 and also to the monomeric, denatured form of the short pentraxin C–reactive protein. Binding of PTX3 to CFHR5 resulted in increased C1q binding. Additionally, CFHR5 bound to extracellular matrix in vitro in a dose-dependent manner and competed with FH for binding. Altogether, CFHR5 reduced FH binding and its cofactor activity on pentraxins and the extracellular matrix, while at the same time allowed for enhanced C1q binding. Furthermore, CFHR5 allowed formation of the alternative pathway C3 convertase and supported complement activation. Thus, CFHR5 may locally enhance complement activation via interference with the complement-inhibiting function of FH, by enhancement of C1q binding, and by activating complement, thereby contributing to glomerular disease.
T Cell Cross-Reactivity between a Highly Immunogenic EBV Epitope and a Self-Peptide Naturally Presented by HLA-B*18:01+ Cells
Authors: Rist Melissa J. , Hibbert Kelly M. , Croft Nathan P. , Smith Corey , Neller Michelle A. , Burrows Jacqueline M. , Miles John J. , Purcell Anthony W. , Rossjohn Jamie , Gras Stephanie , Burrows Scott R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
T cell cross-reactivity underpins the molecular mimicry hypothesis in which microbial peptides sharing structural features with host peptides stimulate T cells that cross-react with self-peptides, thereby initiating and/or perpetuating autoimmune disease. EBV represents a potentially important factor in the pathogenesis of several T cell–mediated autoimmune disorders, with molecular mimicry a likely mechanism. In this study, we describe a human self-peptide (DELEIKAY) that is a homolog of a highly immunogenic EBV T cell epitope (SELEIKRY) presented by HLA-B*18:01. This self-peptide was shown to bind stably to HLA-B*18:01, and peptide elution/mass spectrometric studies showed it is naturally presented by this HLA molecule on the surface of human cells. A significant proportion of CD8+ T cells raised from some healthy individuals against this EBV epitope cross-reacted with the self-peptide. A diverse array of TCRs was expressed by the cross-reactive T cells, with variable functional avidity for the self-peptide, including some T cells that appeared to avoid autoreactivity by a narrow margin, with only 10-fold more of the self-peptide required for equivalent activation as compared with the EBV peptide. Structural studies revealed that the self-peptide–HLA-B*18:01 complex is a structural mimic of the EBV peptide–HLA-B*18:01 complex, and that the strong antiviral T cell response is primarily dependent on the alanine/arginine mismatch at position 7. To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming the natural presentation of a self-peptide cross-recognized in the context of self-HLA by EBV-reactive CD8+ T cells. These results illustrate how aberrant immune responses and immunopathological diseases could be generated by EBV infection.
Quotients of A2 * T2
Authors: Izumi Masaki , Morrison Scott , Penneys David 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe study unitary quotients of the free product unitary pivotal category A2 * T2. We show that such quotients are parametrized by an integer n ≥ 1 and an 2n–th root of unity ω. We show that for n = 1, 2, 3, there is exactly one quotient and ω = 1. For 4 ≤ n ≤ 10, we show that there are no such quotients. Our methods also apply to quotients of T2 * T2, where we have a similar result.The essence of our method is a consistency check on jellyfish relations. While we only treat the specific cases of A2 × T2 and T2 . T2, we anticipate that our technique can be extended to a general method for proving the nonexistence of planar algebras with a specified principal graph.During the preparation of this manuscript, we learnt of Liu's independent result on composites of A3 and A4 subfactor planar algebras (arxiv:1308.5691). In 1994, BischHaagerup showed that the principal graph of a composite of A3 and A4 must fit into a certain family, and Liu has classified all such subfactor planar algebras. We explain the connection between the quotient categories and the corresponding composite subfactor planar algebras. As a corollary of Liu's result, there are no such quotient categories for n ≥ 4.This is an abridged version of arxiv:1308.5723.
Belleville rouge, Belleville noir, Belleville rose: The Complex Identity of a Parisian quartier
Authors: Stott Carolyn 
Published: April 2015

The Parisian quartier of Belleville has long been the subject of scholarly literature and popular culture due to its colourful history and diverse population. Its symbolic boundaries extend beyond the geographical limits imposed by its administrative demarcation. Myths abound as to the extent of its rebellious past, its contemporary image as a melting pot and its prevalence as a décor for the noir genre. In this article a three-tiered categorisation of Belleville is adopted which corresponds to various representations of the suburb in literature, popular culture and from the perspective of its inhabitants. Belleville rouge reflects the quartier’s revolutionary past and the late 20th century struggle associated with its physical metamorphosis. Belleville noir focusses on the quartier’s criminal face, as it is depicted in Parisian film and roman noir and as it exists in reality. Belleville rose highlights the pleasures of the quartier: its cosmopolitan character whose representation verges at times on utopian. In his Malaussène series (1985-1995), writer and former resident Daniel Pennac portrays Belleville as a unique blend of rouge, noir and rose. This fusion of fairy tale, detective fiction, myth and reality establishes a complex Bellevillois identity distinct from other contemporary representations. The article concludes that it is impossible to associate a single identity with Belleville. The quartier’s contemporary face is inextricably linked to its past, the memory of which is preserved by its inhabitants and by social and literary commentators such as Pennac. In keeping with historian Pierre Nora’s concept of cultural memory, Pennac thus assumes the role of guardian of Belleville’s cultural memory in the face of the quartier’s perpetual evolution.
The Travels of Sir John Mandeville and the Moral Geography of the Medieval World
Authors: Moseley Charles 
Published: April 2015

Mandeville’s Travels was, for more than two centuries after its appearance in c.1356, of enormous influence and popularity in many fields of European culture. This paper discusses first its unprecedented generic eclecticism and its casting into the form of a first person narrative, and then proceeds to explore concepts of space and how a journey narrative may be articulated. Finally, it moves to consideration of the journey and what the traveller reports as having encountered on it as a moral exploration of a world seen as symbol as well as material.