bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penser les mesures de prévention en faveur du « bien vieillir »
Authors: Trillard André 
Published: September 2012

Dans le cadre de la mission au profit du président de la République relative à la prévention de la dépendance des personnes âgées, j’ai cherché à répondre à la question du « comment organiser ce bien vieillir pour qu’il concerne tout le monde ? ». Les mesures de prévention que je propose sont souvent très simples, ni techniques, ni compliquées, ni coûteuses, mais ambitieuses, car elles doivent être pensées dans une perspective de quinze à vingt ans, pour orienter les politiques publiques d’accompagnement du vieillissement de la population et retarder la perte d’autonomie en favorisant le maintien de la personne âgée dans un milieu de vie ordinaire, en termes d’habitat, de déplacements, de loisirs et de développement de sa vie sociale en général.
Offrir des services de prévention sur un territoire : l'exemple du PRIF (PRÉVENTION RETRAITE ÎLE-DE-FRANCE)
Authors: Flouquet Christiane 
Published: September 2012

Le groupement Prévention retraite Île-de-France (Prif) créé par les trois principaux régimes de base de retraite (régime général, régime agricole et régime des indépendants) vise à concevoir, mettre en place et déployer des actions de prévention et de sensibilisation à l’égard des retraités afin de promouvoir le bien vieillir en favorisant l’adoption durable d’attitudes préventives. Il privilégie les populations et les territoires fragiles et constitue un nouvel acteur dans le champ de la prévention en contribuant aux trois enjeux suivants : faciliter les comportements favorables à la santé ; améliorer l’environnement des personnes âgées ; renforcer le rôle social des seniors.
Vieillissement et politiques publiques
Authors: Aquino Jean-Pierre 
Published: September 2012

Depuis plusieurs années, les sociétés industrialisées vivent une double transition. La transition démographique résulte du vieillissement de la population. En 2010, l’espérance de vie à la naissance est de 78,2 ans pour un homme et de 85,3 pour une femme. À l’âge de 60 ans, l’espérance de vie est de 22,2 ans pour un homme et de 27 pour une femme. Mais on note aussi une transition épidémiologique caractérisée par le changement de visage des maladies, avec la transformation de maladies mortelles en maladies chroniques, l’émergence de maladies invalidantes et le vieillissement des personnes handicapées. Face à cette situation, il est nécessaire d’adapter les politiques publiques.
« Parlers jeunes » : une utile invention ?
Authors: de Féral Carole 
Published: September 2012

La catégorisation « langue des jeunes »/ « parler jeune » (« youth language »), qui est utilisée par certains (socio) linguistes depuis une quinzaine d’années, est le résultat d'une double stigmatisation, sociale et linguistique. Il y aurait, en effet, des « jeunes » qui se distingueraient des « autres » notamment par leurs façons de parler. Celles-ci auraient des spécificités qui obéiraient à des processus linguistiques communs aux autres « parlers jeunes ». Après avoir discuté la catégorisation « jeune », notamment à l’aide d’un questionnaire diffusé en France et au Cameroun, on se demande dans quelle mesure il est utile – et justifié – pour le linguiste de faire appel à celle de « parler jeune ». On remarque également que l’essentialisation par les linguistes de certaines pratiques langagières peut être utile pour leurs locuteurs car elle leur permet d’en revendiquer la légitimité, comme dans le cas du camfranglais/francanglais du Cameroun.
Usages langagiers et jeunes générations : regards de périphérie
Authors: Singy Pascal , Bourquin Céline 
Published: September 2012

Un examen du rapport entre usages langagiers et jeunes générations opéré au travers d’une catégorie « jeune » comprise comme une et indivise apparaît en contradiction avec ce constat voulant que les langues se trouvent soumises aux pressions d’un contexte socio-historique qui confère à leurs locuteurs une pluralité d’identités sociales. Celles-ci apparaissent comme autant de sources de variation tant au plan de l’activité langagière qu’à celui des représentations y attenantes. Les ensembles ritualisés de pratiques symboliques propres aux jeunes locuteurs ne sauraient échapper à la règle et tout indique que l’investissement particulier au plan du linguistique, tenu pour être caractéristique des adolescents, peut être de nature, d’intensité et d’activation fort variables suivant le profil de ces derniers compris en termes d’identités sociales. Cet article vise à rendre compte de certains résultats d’une étude qualitative menée auprès de jeunes locuteurs de Suisse romande. Ces résultats tendent à montrer que l’identité sociale que constitue le fait d’être un jeune locuteur résidant en zone francophone de périphérie, et non en zone centrale, conditionne de manière significative – et dans un sens déterminé – le rapport que l’on peut avoir à ces ensembles de pratiques communément dénommés, dans l’espace du français, « parlers jeunes ».
L’objet livre à l’aube de l’époque moderne
Authors: Boutcher Warren 
Published: September 2012

Cet article s’empare de l’objet livre afin d’envisager ce à quoi pourrait ressembler une anthropologie historique des artéfacts littéraires. Pour cela, nous appliquons la théorie du « réseau de l’art » développée par Alfred Gell à l’analyse des actions et des relations sociales médiatisées par les livres. Le point clé de cette analyse est la reconstitution des calculs d’abductions utilisés par les acteurs et les participants-observateurs dans diverses cultures et périodes. Deux exemples de la fin de la Renaissance sont analysés en détail : la description par Michel de Montaigne des fortunes de la Theologia Naturalis de Raymond Sebond, et la description par Francis Bacon des destinées du Basilikon Doron du roi Jacques VI d’Écosse et Ier d’Angleterre. Ces exemples montrent que les livres peuvent matérialiser toutes sortes d’actions, depuis la prévention des maladies mentales jusqu’à l’entrée d’un monarque en son royaume.
Development and Validation of Teacher Curriculum Paradigm Instrument
Authors: Foi Liew Yon , Bakar Kamariah Abu , Hamzah Mohd Sahandri Gani , Alwi Nor Hayati 
Published: September 2012

This is the first psychological based instrument which has been developed and validated to measure the latent variable teacher curriculum paradigm (TCP) that was derived from Kuhn’s (1970) epistemology of paradigm and further adapted to the ideas of Henderson and Gornik (2007), Schubert (1986), Tanner and Tanner (2007), Tuthill and Ashton (1983), and Zeichner’s (1983) paradigms for the curriculum development field. The TCP instrument followed the rigorous research design and methodology to serve as the vital procedures of attaining the internal validity for the developed instrument. Subsequently, the TCP instrument was content validated by three subject experts and gone through three phases of instrument testing with three independent samples (N1=34, N2=72, and N3=553, respectively) taken from the same population of in-service teachers in the Peninsular of Malaysia. Moreover, the SEM approach was utilized to further validate the construct validity of the scores for the TCP instrument. In light of the systematic data collection and robustness of the SEM confirmatory procedures, the attaining of a very high psychometric properties to the TCP instrument. Coherently, these findings had strongly supported that the TCP instrument is a reliable and valid tool for measuring TCP of in-service teachers in Peninsular of Malaysia. Keywords - instrument development, instrument validation, teacher curriculum paradigm, structural equation modelling, construct validity
Singapore Experience of the HRM and Tourism Students of Lyceum of the Philippines University in the Context of Cross Cultural Orientation Initiatives
Authors: Felicen Sevillia S. , Celis Mark Irvin C. 
Published: September 2012

This study aimed to determine the “Cross-Cultural awareness of HRM and Tourism students in Singapore”. Specifically, level of cross-cultural orientation of the SIAP participants in terms of customs and tradition, language and tourism and hospitality industry practices; the significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and their level of cross-cultural orientation and programs that may be implemented to increase the level of cross-cultural orientation among future SIAP participants. This study also aimed to determine the experiences and challenges met by the HRM and Tourism student in Singapore because this will be helpful for the college in developing various programs and interventions for the students’preparation in the program. The descriptive method of research was used in the study. Instruments like questionnaire and interview were further utilized in gathering the primary data. The data gathered were statistically treated using the percentage, weighted mean and the eta- squared. The result revealed that most of the respondents have equal chances of being placed in a Student Internship Abroad Program (SIAP) exposure regardless of the selected profile variables. They have an adequate level of cross cultural awareness to the customs and traditions, values and languages and tourism hospitality practices. Keywords - Cross-cultural, Student Internship Abroad Program
Generating Validated 3D Models of Microporous Ceramics
Authors: Schmidt Kilian , Becker Jürgen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMethods of generating and validating 3D models of microporous ceramics and computing the porosity and permeability by means of these models are presented. For five cordierite ceramic variants from the application area of diesel particulate filters, generated structure models with computed porosities and permeabilities are depicted. The generated pore structures are compared to the real structures by the chord length distribution. Furthermore, the computed porosities and permeabilities are compared to measurements.
Reactive Filters for Steel Melt Filtration
Authors: Aneziris Christos G. , Dudczig Steffen , Emmel Marcus , Berek Harry , Schmidt Gert , Hubalkova Jana 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNew carbon bonded Al2O3 filters with Magnesia–carbon (MgO–C) “reactive coatings” for high filtration efficiency of steel melts are studied with the aid of a special steel casting simulator in full controlled atmosphere. Due to the in situ reduction of MgO in the MgO–C coating and the formation of Mg vapor a reaction with the oxygen dissolved in the steel melt is triggered and leads to the formation of secondary MgO on the filter surface. With this approach not only primary and secondary inclusions can be effectively removed from the steel melt, but as well as less tertiary and quartenary inclusions can be expected due to less oxygen dissolved in the steel melt.
Silicosis exposure–response in a cohort of tin miners comparing alternate exposure metrics
Authors: Park Robert M. , Chen Weihong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground.The detailed lung radiographic response to silica exposure has not been described. In estimating the exposure–response relationship in silicosis with statistical models, the absence of baseline (unattributable) risk can disable relative‐rate estimation or produce widely varying estimates. This obstructs identification of optimum exposure metrics and invalidates comparisons and meta‐analyses, which assume a common background rate.Methods.A cohort of 3,000 Chinese tin miners with more than 1,000 cases of silicosis was analyzed for the period 1961–1994. Regular surveillance documented three stages of silicosis. To examine the exposure–response relationship, the intercept in relative‐rate models was fixed to correspond to 1% of the observed silicosis rate. Exposure metrics for contributions in different time‐windows were simultaneously evaluated, as were burden and cumulative burden metrics.Results.Silica exposures that most contributed to silicosis onset occurred in the period 5–10 years prior (excess annual rate per 10 mg‐year/m3, ER = 0.158, 95% CI = 0.125–0.192, or 16% per year). During 10–20 year prior, the excess rate contribution was much smaller (ER = 0.048, 95% CI = 0.037–0.060) but larger again during 20–30 year prior to onset (ER = 0.112, 95% CI = 0.098–0.126). For advanced silicosis, all time periods contributed about equally to the rate of onset.Conclusions.Reliable estimates of parameters were observed, demonstrating exposure contributions over time. Burden metrics with different half‐lives suggested some reversibility for silicosis onset with a half‐life of 20 years. Advanced silicosis was best predicted with a cumulative burden metric which was consistent with prior observations that previously deposited silica continues to cause pulmonary damage. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:267–275, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of occupational exposure to benzo[a]pyrene on neurobehavioral function in coke oven workers
Authors: Qiu Chongying , Peng Bin , Cheng Shuqun , Xia Yinyin , Tu Baijie 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundCoke oven workers are regularly exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), known as an indicator species for PAH contamination, is a neurobehavioral toxicant. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between B[a]P exposure, a B[a]P‐related urinary metabolite and neurobehavioral function among coke oven workers.MethodsCoke oven workers and oxygen factory workers participated in this study. B[a]P exposure was monitored by air sampling pump, and urinary 1‐hydroxypyrene (1‐OHP) level was detected with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A questionnaire and the neurobehavioral core test battery (NCTB) were administered to all subjects.ResultsB[a]P‐exposed workers were found to have higher urinary 1‐OHP levels and worse NCTB performances on eight items than control workers. B[a]P concentrations were higher in the coke oven plant than that in the controls' workplace. The performances on simple reaction time, correct pursuit aiming, and error pursuit aiming decreased with increasing airborne B[a]P in coke oven workers. There were significant correlations between urinary 1‐OHP level and six items of the NCTB.ConclusionsOccupational exposure to B[a]P is associated with neurobehavioral function impairment in coke oven workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:347–355, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phillip V. Tobias as an anatomist†
Authors: Štrkalj Goran , Pather Nalini 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe article outlines the career of the renowned South African scientist Phillip Vallentine Tobias. While he made substantial contributions to a number of scientific disciplines, Tobias spent most of his career teaching anatomy at his alma mater, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and saw himself primarily as an anatomist. The first part of this article presents Tobias' major contributions to science and demonstrates that his profound knowledge of anatomy was the basis of many of his groundbreaking research accomplishments. The second part of the article focuses on Tobias' career in anatomy and his significant contribution to anatomy teaching and administration, particularly in establishing and organizing the Anatomical Society of Southern Africa. The article also demonstrates how Tobias' academic career was constrained by the oppressive system of apartheid South Africa and how social engagement was an integral part of his intellectual activities. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereoselectivity in the Salt–Cocrystal Products formed by Phenylglycinol or Phenylglycine with their Respective Sodium or Hydrochloride Salts
Authors: Brittain Harry G. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe salt and stereoselective cocrystal phenomena associated with 2‐phenylglycinol and 2‐phenylglycine have been studied using X‐ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The chiral identities of the free acids and their sodium salts, or the free bases and their chloride salts, were found to play a determining role as to whether a salt–cocrystal product could or could not be formed. In particular, when cocrystallization of an enantiomerically pure basic or zwitterionic substance with its enantiomerically pure acid addition salt was attempted, a salt–cocrystal was only obtained when the absolute configuration of the two reactants is opposite. On the other hand, it has been found that no stereoselectivity in salt–cocrystal formation existed in the cocrystallization of an enantiomerically pure acidic or zwitterionic substance with its enantiomerically pure base addition salt. Chirality 25:8–15, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Manmade Vulnerability of the Cancun Beach System: The Case of Hurricane Wilma
Authors: Casarin Rodolfo Silva , Martinez Gabriel Ruiz , Mariño‐Tapia Ismael , Vanegas Gregorio Posada , Baldwin Edgar Mendoza , Mancera Edgar Escalante 
Published: September 2012

AbstractClimate change and resultant coastal erosion and flooding have been the focus of many recent analyses. Often these studies overlook the effects of manmade modifications to the coastline which have reduced its resilience to storm events. In this investigation, we integrate previous reports, historical photo analysis, field work, and the application of numerical models to better understand the effects of Wilma, the most destructive hurricane to affect Cancun, Mexico. Huge waves (of significant height, >12 m), long mean wave periods (>12 s), devastating winds (>250 km/h), and powerful currents (>2 m/s) removed >7 million cubic meters of sand from the Cancun beach system, leaving 68% of the sub‐aerial beach as bedrock, and the rest considerably eroded. Numerical simulations show that the modifications to the barrier island imposed by tourist infrastructure have considerably increased the rigidity of the system, increasing the potential erosion of the beach under extreme conditions. If there were no structural barriers, a series of breaches could occur along the beach, allowing exchange of water and alleviating storm surge on other sections of the beach. If the effects caused by anthropogenic changes to Cancun are ignored, the analysis is inaccurate and misleading.
Characterization of Risks in Coastal Zones: A Review
Authors: Escudero Castillo Mireille , Mendoza Baldwin Edgar , Silva Casarin Rodolfo , Posada Vanegas Gregorio , Arganis Juaréz Maritza 
Published: September 2012

AbstractInterest in sustainable development for the natural, socio‐economic, and cultural resources of coastal zones is growing worldwide. On the other hand, the range of threats to coastal zones increasingly posed by hydro‐meteorological natural phenomena has led to a trend in the analysis and assessment of risks to these areas. The available literature dealing with coastal risk assessment is quite wide, focusing mainly on the risk evaluation of coastal flooding and erosion resulting directly from the occurrence of extreme natural events. The risk assessment methodologies are usually specific to the conditions and available data of each country, society or location, though most have evolved to assess the risk concept more precisely and rigorously. However, there are still very few studies that present feasible and effective methodologies, which lead to the effective integration of risk analysis at all levels. In Mexico coastal risk analysis has barely begun despite our extensive coastline, which is highly vulnerable to the threat of tropical cyclones. This paper aims to give a broad view of the risk assessment methodologies which already exist, in order to provide a starting point for future efforts in Mexico and elsewhere.
Apnea of Prematurity
Authors: Martin Richard J. , Wilson Christopher G. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Apnea of prematurity is a significant problem due to immaturity of the central neural control circuitry responsible for integrating afferent input and central rhythm. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis of apnea of prematurity—including our current understanding of the role that afferent input to the brain stem plays in synergy with the central pattern generation circuitry in the emergence of apnea of prematurity. We then discuss the interplay of apnea, bradycardia, desaturation, as well as the genesis of central, mixed, and obstructive apnea. Finally, we provide a summary of the physiological basis for current therapeutic approaches to treating apnea of prematurity, and conclude with an overview of proposed long‐term consequences of the resultant intermittent hypoxic episodes. © 2012 American Physiological Society.
Compr Physiol
2:2923‐2931, 2012.
Sensory Systems in the Control of Movement
Authors: Prochazka Arthur , Ellaway Peter 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAnimal movement is immensely varied, from the simplest reflexive responses to the most complex, dexterous voluntary tasks. Here, we focus on the control of movement in mammals, including humans. First, the sensory inputs most closely implicated in controlling movement are reviewed, with a focus on somatosensory receptors. The response properties of the large muscle receptors are examined in detail. The role of sensory input in the control of movement is then discussed, with an emphasis on the control of locomotion. The interaction between central pattern generators and sensory input, in particular in relation to stretch reflexes, timing, and pattern forming neuronal networks is examined. It is proposed that neural signals related to bodily velocity form the basic descending command that controls locomotion through specific and well‐characterized relationships between muscle activation, step cycle phase durations, and biomechanical outcomes. Sensory input is crucial in modulating both the timing and pattern forming parts of this mechanism. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:2615‐2627, 2012.
Cell Migration
Authors: Trepat Xavier , Chen Zaozao , Jacobson Ken 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCell migration is fundamental to establishing and maintaining the proper organization of multicellular organisms. Morphogenesis can be viewed as a consequence, in part, of cell locomotion, from large‐scale migrations of epithelial sheets during gastrulation, to the movement of individual cells during development of the nervous system. In an adult organism, cell migration is essential for proper immune response, wound repair, and tissue homeostasis, while aberrant cell migration is found in various pathologies. Indeed, as our knowledge of migration increases, we can look forward to, for example, abating the spread of highly malignant cancer cells, retarding the invasion of white cells in the inflammatory process, or enhancing the healing of wounds. This article is organized in two main sections. The first section is devoted to the single‐cell migrating in isolation such as occurs when leukocytes migrate during the immune response or when fibroblasts squeeze through connective tissue. The second section is devoted to cells collectively migrating as part of multicellular clusters or sheets. This second type of migration is prevalent in development, wound healing, and in some forms of cancer metastasis.© 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:2369‐2392, 2012.