bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations During Pregnancy and Puerperium—A Retrospective Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Pohjola Anni , Vest Teresa , Verho Liisa , Aarnio Karoliina , Rantanen Kirsi , Laivuori Hannele , Gissler Mika , Laakso Aki , Niemelä Mika , Ijäs Petra 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The knowledge about the management of patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) during pregnancy is limited, owing partly to insufficient evidence about the outcomes of newborns. This study aims to explore symptomatic AVMs and their outcomes during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective analysis by combining patients with symptomatic AVM from a nationwide population-based cohort of all women with a pregnancy resulting in delivery during 1987 to 2016 (n = 1 773 728 deliveries) and our AVM database (n = 805, 1942-2014). Cerebrovascular events during pregnancy were identified through International Classification of Diseases-9, International Classification of Diseases-10, or surgical procedure codes from the Hospital Discharge and Medical Birth Registers. Our analysis focused on treatment characteristics and outcomes of patients with AVM hemorrhage or symptomatic AVM during pregnancy, delivery, or puerperium.

RESULTS:
A total of 28 women with symptomatic AVMs during pregnancy, delivery, or postpartum period were followed for an average of 12.8 years (SD = 15.5) after admission. Among them, 21 (75%) experienced AVM hemorrhages during pregnancy, puerperium, or delivery. The mean age of patients was 28.9 years (SD = 5.5). Hemorrhages occurred predominantly during the second (n = 9, 43% of all ruptures) or the third trimester (n = 5, 24%). Two AVM ruptures occurred during labor. Treatment for AVM took place during pregnancy (n = 7, 25%) or puerperium (n = 3, 14%) in 10 patients (35.7%). Only 5 mothers (17.8%) had not been previously pregnant. There was no significant difference in mean Apgar scores between those with AVM hemorrhage (8.3) and those without (8.4).

CONCLUSION:
Most mothers in the study had prior pregnancies, suggesting a potentially weaker association between AVM rupture and pregnancy compared to previous reports. Notably, 2 AVM ruptures occurred during spontaneous vaginal deliveries. Outcomes were generally favorable in both mothers and infants. More research is needed to refine our understanding of the optimal timing for invasive treatment during pregnancy.
A transit-amplifying progenitor with biphasic behavior contributes to epidermal renewal
Authors: Ghuwalewala Sangeeta , Jiang Kevin , Ragi Sara , Shalloway David , Tumbar Tudorita 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Transit-amplifying (TA) cells are progenitors that undergo an amplification phase followed by transition into an extinction phase. A long postulated epidermal TA progenitor with biphasic behavior has not yet been experimentally observed in vivo. Here, we identify such a TA population using clonal analysis of Aspm-CreER genetic cell-marking in mice, which uncovers contribution to both homeostasis and injury repair of adult skin. This TA population is more frequently dividing than a Dlx1-CreER-marked long-term self-renewing (e.g. stem cell) population. Newly developed generalized birth-death modeling of long-term lineage tracing data shows that both TA progenitors and stem cells display neutral competition, but only the stem cells display neutral drift. The quantitative evolution of a nascent TA cell and its direct descendants shows that TA progenitors indeed amplify the basal layer before transition and that the homeostatic TA population is mostly in extinction phase. This model will be broadly useful for analyzing progenitors whose behavior changes with their clone age. This work identifies a long-missing class of non-self-renewing biphasic epidermal TA progenitors and has broad implications for understanding tissue renewal mechanisms.
Allostatic Load Is Associated with Overuse Musculoskeletal Injury during US Marine Corps Officer Candidates School
Authors: FEIGEL EVAN D. , BIRD MATTHEW B. , KOLTUN KRISTEN J. , LOVALEKAR MITA , FORSE JENNIFER N. , GAGE CATHERINE R. , STEELE ELIZABETH J. , KARGL CHRISTOPHER K. , MARTIN BRIAN J. , BANNISTER ANGELIQUE , CRUZ ANGELITO V. , DOYLE TIM L. A. , FRIEDL KARL E. , NINDL BRADLEY C. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Overuse musculoskeletal injuries (MSKI) remain a significant medical challenge in military personnel undergoing military training courses; further understanding of the biological process leading to overuse MSKI development and biological signatures for injury risk are warranted. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between overuse MSKI occurrence and physiological characteristics of allostatic load characterized as maladaptive biological responses to chronic stress measured by wearable devices in US Marine Corps officer candidates during a 10-wk training course.

Methods
Devices recorded energy expenditure (EE), daytime heart rate (HR), sleeping HR, and sleep architecture (time and percentage of deep, light, rapid eye movement sleep, awake time, total sleep). Flux was calculated as the raw or absolute difference in the average value for that day or night and the day or night beforehand. Linear mixed-effect model analysis accounting for cardiorespiratory fitness assessed the association between overuse MSKI occurrence and device metrics (α = 0.05).

Results
Sixty-nine participants (23 females) were included. Twenty-one participants (eight females) sustained overuse MSKI. Overuse MSKI occurrence in male participants was positively associated with daytime HR (β = 5.316, P = 0.008), sleeping HR (β = 2.708, P = 0.032), relative EE (β = 8.968, P = 0.001), absolute flux in relative EE (β = 2.994, P = 0.002), absolute EE (β = 626.830, P = 0.001), and absolute flux in absolute EE (β = 204.062, P = 0.004). Overuse MSKI occurrence in female participants was positively associated with relative EE (β = 5.955, P = 0.026), deep sleep time (β = 0.664, P < 0.001), and percent deep sleep (β = 12.564, P < 0.001) and negatively associated with absolute flux in sleeping HR (β = −0.660, P = 0.009).

Conclusions
Overuse MSKI occurrences were associated with physiological characteristics of allostatic load, including chronically elevated HR and EE and greater time in restorative sleep stages, which may serve as biological signatures for overuse MSKI risk.
Middle Childhood Sport Participation Predicts Timely Long-Term Chances of Academic Success in Boys and Girls by Late Adolescence
Authors: PAGANI LINDA S. , HARANDIAN KIANOUSH , GAUTHIER BENOIT , KOSAK LAURIE-ANNE , NECSA BEATRICE , TREMBLAY MARK S. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
School-aged children experience successive academic demands that increase over time. Extracurricular sport develops skills that involve physical movement, social rules, formal practice, and rational competition. This may facilitate success.

Purpose
Using a prospective-longitudinal birth cohort of 746 girls/721 boys, we examined prospective associations between middle childhood sport participation with subsequent indicators of academic success in adolescence. We hypothesized that persistent participation would promote long-term achievement indicators.

Methods
Mothers reported on whether the child participated in sporting activities with a coach/instructor from ages 6 to 10 yr. Developmental trajectories of participation were generated using longitudinal latent class analysis and then used to predict outcomes. From ages 12 to 17 yr, youth self-reported on academic indicators of success over the last 6 months. These were linearly regressed on trajectories of participation in sport, while controlling for preexisting and concurrent child/family confounds.

Results
Children’s sport participation from kindergarten to fourth grade predicted long-term chances of academic success in boys and girls, above and beyond individual/family confounders. Consistent participation predicted increments indicators of future success and reductions in academic failure and dropout risk through to the senior year of secondary school, ranging from 9.1% to 21.3% for girls and 11.7% to 22.9% for boys.

Conclusions
We provide compelling and timely evidence of long-term associations between children’s sport participation and subsequent indicators of academic success in typically developing boys and girls by late adolescence. Persistent sport involvement in sport increased educational prospects by late adolescence, potentially improving opportunities for success in emerging adulthood.
Optimal Dynamic Clearing for Interbank Payments
Authors: Chen Shuzhen , Baron Opher , Chen Ningyuan 
Published: June 2024

We investigate the optimal clearing policy for a financial payment system composed of a number of member banks and a central bank in a dynamic setting, when new payment obligations or debts between member banks are generated over time. The central bank clears the debts among members in the system in order to minimize the costs, including the setup cost of each clearing, the variable cost of clearing the net debts, and the liquidity cost of uncleared debts. We formulate the problem using dynamic programming via state space reduction that provides a tractable framework to analyze and compute the optimal policy. We characterize the structure of the optimal policy and show that it is optimal for the central bank either to clear all the debts in the system or not to clear at all in each period under mild conditions. This structure leads to efficient computation of the optimal clearing policy. We further characterize the optimal clearing frequency based upon the deterministic approximation for the debt process. We conduct a comprehensive case study based on the data acquired from our industry partner, Payments Canada, to demonstrate the performance of the policy and its feasibility in industrial-size problems. This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization. Funding: S. Chen’s research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72101273, 72188101, 72101258, and 71991463], the Humanities and Social Science General Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China [Grant 21YJC630008], and the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 2022JJ40643]. Support for O. Baron’s research on this paper was provided by a grant from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). N. Chen’s research was supported by the NSERC [Discovery Grant RGPIN-2020-04038]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00380 .
Understanding Natural Supports in Diverse Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Across Life Domains
Authors: Sanderson Kelli A. , Burke Meghan M. , Hodapp Robert M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although natural supports benefit individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), little is known about natural support provided within specific life domains or how race/ethnicity or support from professionals impacts the extent of natural support one receives. In this study, 518 parents of adults with IDD responded to a national survey about natural supports, including who provides support, the number of supporters, and variables that predict natural supports. Family most often provided support, although professionals and family friends were frequent supporters in several domains. Natural support was most extensive in health, least extensive in employment and housing. Individuals with IDD who regularly participated in daytime activities and/or identified as Black had more extensive natural support. Implications are discussed.
Enhanced emitting aperture in optical phased arrays with weak-coupled grating antennas via large critical dimensions
Authors: Tang Gelin , Xu Sumei , Zhao Xingyan , Qiu Yang , Zheng Shaonan , Dong Yuan , Zhong Qize , Hu Ting 
Published: June 2024

We propose what we believe to be a novel strategy to design optical phased arrays (OPAs) antennas by inserting a narrow waveguide between the bus waveguide and grating teeth. When the minimum critical dimension (CD) is 200 nm and the grating length is 1.5 mm, we achieve a quite small divergence angle of 0.05°, a reduction from 0.11° using the conventional method with the same CD. This design is compatible with 248 nm deep ultraviolet lithography, offering a more accessible fabrication process. By the gap’s increase from 180 nm to 410 nm rather than minimizing grating tooth dimensions, the divergence angles (δθ) have been demonstrated to be reduced from 0.28° to 0.05°. Furthermore, the designed OPA exhibits well divergence angles consistency, with a low standard deviation of 0.35% across wavelengths ranging from 1500 nm to 1560 nm. This innovation simplifies OPA fabrication, paving the way for cost-effective, high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems with extended detection capabilities.
High modulation efficiency sinusoidal vertical PN junction phase shifter in silicon-on-insulator
Authors: Ma Li , Liu Pengfei , Xia Changquan , Qian Qinyu , Chen Haitao , Cheng Liwen 
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a sinusoidal vertical PN junction phase shifter on a silicon waveguide is designed, and the results demonstrate that modifying the shape of the PN junction significantly increases the area of the depletion region within the standard waveguide width of 500 nm, thereby enhancing the overlap between the depletion region and optical waveguide modes under reverse bias conditions. Furthermore, by adjusting the sinusoidal amplitude (A) of the doping contact interface, it is observed that when A=0.065µm, the resulting sinusoidal PN junction most effectively enhances the interaction between carriers and photons, leading to the highest modulation efficiency and the lowest loss. Based on this, further adjustment of the doping concentration distribution in the waveguide was conducted using a doping compensation method. It is observed that setting the doping concentration at 3×1018cm−3 in the heavily doped region and at 1×1018cm−3 in the lightly doped region enables the phase shifter to achieve high modulation efficiency while maintaining low loss. This is attributed to the highest optical intensity being concentrated in the central region of the waveguide, as well as to the positive correlation between doping concentration and modulation efficiency. The final designed device with a length of 1.5 mm successfully attained a low V
π
L of 0.58V⋅cm, resulting in high modulation efficiency. By employing traveling wave electrodes and ensuring that the effective refractive index of the radio frequency (RF) matches the optical group index (OGI), circuit-level simulations were conducted. The device exhibited a 3 dB bandwidth of 8.85 GHz and eye diagrams of up to 40 Gbit/s, with a maximum extinction ratio (ER) of 8.27 dB and a bit error rate (BER) of 8.83×10−6, which can be widely used in the field of high-speed silicon optical modules.
Using fatherhood to engage men in HIV services via maternal, neonatal and child health entry points in South Africa
Authors: Chinyandura Cathrine , Davies Natasha , Buthelezi Fezile , Jiyane Anele , Rees Kate 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
In South Africa, uptake of HIV services remains lower amongst men compared to women, resulting in poorer clinical outcomes. Several factors contribute to this situation, including stigma, confidentiality concerns, inconvenient clinic operating hours, fear of an HIV-positive test result, and long-waiting times. Additionally, women living with HIV are frequently identified whilst accessing other routine services, particularly antenatal and well-baby care. Novel approaches and strategies are needed to increase men’s routine utilization of health services. For many men, fatherhood is an important part of being a man. Maternal, neonatal and child health services (MNCH) present an opportunity to improve male engagement with routine health services and subsequent uptake of integrated HIV care. However, men’s involvement in MNCH services remains low. This study explored the concept of fatherhood and factors influencing men’s involvement in MNCH services.

Methods
This was an exploratory, qualitative study. Three focus group discussions (FGDs), involving 33 male participants, were conducted with men living in communities across Johannesburg. Men were recruited by male peer counsellors, employed by Anova Health Institute under the men’s health programme. Data was collected between May and July 2021. Authors had no access to information that identify individual participants during or after data collection. Data were transcribed inductively and analyzed thematically using NVivo software.

Results
The study found that male participants were eager to be involved in MNCH services. They valued fatherhood and were making concerted efforts to be involved fathers. However, multiple factors influenced men’s involvement in MNCH services. Barriers included sociocultural norms, employment commitments, boredom and disengagement while waiting for services, negative staff attitudes and long waiting times. Participants identified multiple facilitators that would encourage their attendance at MNCH services including positive staff attitudes, quick service, active engagement, positive affirmations by health care workers and the visibility of male health workers’ in MNCH spaces.

Conclusions
The study highlights that men strongly desire to be involved fathers and included in MNCH services. HIV programmes should support this and harness it to actively engage men in HIV services. However, to encourage greater male involvement in MNCH, socio-economic and healthcare system related factors need to be addressed when designing strategies that create more inclusive, family-orientated, male-friendly, and integrated MNCH services.
State-level population estimates of sexual minority adolescents in the United States: A predictive modeling study
Authors: Ferstad Johannes O. , Aslam Maria , Wang Li Yan , Henaghan Katherine , Zhao Jiayi , Li Jingjing , Salomon Joshua A. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) among high school students includes standard questions about sexual identity and sex of sexual contacts, but these questions are not consistently included in every state that conducts the survey. This study aimed to develop and apply a method to predict state-level proportions of high school students identifying as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) or reporting any same-sex sexual contacts in those states that did not include these questions in their 2017 YRBS.

Methods
We used state-level high school YRBS data from 2013, 2015, and 2017. We defined two primary outcomes relating to self-reported LGB identity and reported same-sex sexual contacts. We developed machine learning models to predict the two outcomes based on other YRBS variables, and comparing different modeling approaches. We used a leave-one-out cross-validation approach and report results from best-performing models.

Results
Modern ensemble models outperformed traditional linear models at predicting state-level proportions for the two outcomes, and we identified prediction methods that performed well across different years and prediction tasks. Predicted proportions of respondents reporting LGB identity in states that did not include direct measurement ranged between 9.4% and 12.9%. Predicted proportions of respondents reporting any same-sex contacts, where not directly observed, ranged between 7.0% and 10.4%.

Conclusion
Comparable population estimates of sexual minority adolescents can raise awareness among state policy makers and the public about what proportion of youth may be exposed to disparate health risks and outcomes associated with sexual minority status. This information can help decision makers in public health and education agencies design, implement and evaluate community and school interventions to improve the health of LGB youth.
Invasive pneumococcal disease in Latin America and the Caribbean: Serotype distribution, disease burden, and impact of vaccination. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bardach Ariel , Ruvinsky Silvina , Palermo M. Carolina , Alconada Tomás , Sandoval M. Macarena , Brizuela Martín E. , Wierzbicki Eugenia Ramirez , Cantos Joaquín , Gagetti Paula , Ciapponi Agustín 
Published: June 2024

Background
Invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) are associated with high morbidity, mortality, and health costs worldwide, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Surveillance about the distribution of serotypes causing IPD and the impact of pneumococcal vaccination is an important epidemiological tool to monitor disease activity trends, inform public health decision-making, and implement relevant prevention and control measures.

Objectives
To estimate the serotype distribution for IPD and the related disease burden in LAC before, during, and after implementing the pneumococcal vaccine immunization program in LAC.

Methods
Systematic literature review following Cochrane methods of studies from LAC. We evaluated the impact of the pneumococcal vaccine on hospitalization and death during or after hospitalizations due to pneumococcal disease and serotype-specific disease over time. We also analyzed the incidence of serotyped IPD in pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV10 and PCV13. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023392097).

Results
155 epidemiological studies were screened and provided epidemiological data on IPD. Meta-analysis of invasive diseases in children <5 years old found that 57%-65% of causative serotypes were included in PCV10 and 66%-84% in PCV13. After PCV introduction, vaccine serotypes declined in IPD, and the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes varied by country.

Conclusions
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines significantly reduced IPD and shifted serotype distribution in Latin America and the Caribbean. PCV10/PCV13 covered 57–84% of serotypes in children under 5, with marked decline in PCV serotypes post-vaccination. Continuous surveillance remains crucial for monitoring evolving serotypes and informing public health action.