bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of VIR-2482 in Healthy Adults for Prevention of Influenza A Illness (PENINSULA)
Authors: Tan Susanna K , Cebrik Deborah , Plotnik David , Agostini Maria L , Boundy Keith , Hebner Christy M , Yeh Wendy W , Pang Phillip S , Moya Jaynier , Fogarty Charles , Darani Manuchehr , Hayden Frederick G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Influenza A results in significant morbidity and mortality. VIR-2482, an engineered human monoclonal antibody with extended half-life, targets a highly conserved epitope on the stem region of influenza A hemagglutinin and may protect against seasonal and pandemic influenza.

Methods
This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study examined the safety and efficacy of VIR-2482 for seasonal influenza A illness prevention in unvaccinated healthy adults. Participants (N = 2977) were randomized 1:1:1 to receive VIR-2482 450 mg, VIR-2482 1200 mg, or placebo via intramuscular injection. Primary and secondary efficacy endpoints were the proportions of participants with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction–confirmed influenza A infection and either protocol-defined influenza-like illness (ILI) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–defined ILI or World Health Organization–defined ILI, respectively.

Results
VIR-2482 450 mg and 1200 mg prophylaxis did not reduce the risk of protocol-defined ILI with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction–confirmed influenza A versus placebo (relative risk reduction, 3.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), −67.3 to 44.6] and 15.9% [95% CI, −49.3 to 52.3], respectively). At the 1200-mg dose, the relative risk reductions in influenza A illness were 57.2% (95% CI: −2.5 to 82.2) using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ILI and 44.1% (95% CI: −50.5 to 79.3) using World Health Organization ILI definitions, respectively. Serum VIR-2482 levels were similar regardless of influenza status; variants with reduced VIR-2482 susceptibility were not detected. Local injection site reactions were mild and similar across groups.

Conclusions
VIR-2482 1200 mg intramuscular was well tolerated but did not significantly prevent protocol-defined ILI. Secondary endpoint analyses suggest this dose may have reduced influenza A illness.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT05567783.
Image retrieval based on auto-encoder and clustering with centroid update
Authors: Nalini Sujantha Bel K , Sam I Shatheesh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper suggests a revolutionary deep learning method using a dynamic deep auto-encoder for improving the performance of indexing the feature vectors of images by centroid updation. Feature vectors such as color, semantic, and spatial local binary pattern are extracted from the images for content-based image retrieval. The owner encrypts the images for protection using elliptic curve cryptography before uploading them to the cloud. A black hole entropic fuzzy clustering with Tversky indexing is used to retrieve similar information. When the new training image is matched with any of the centroid then the centroid gets updated by using dynamic deep auto-encoder. During the auto-encoder phase, the conflicted data points are dedicated to reconstruction and the reliable data points are helpful to centroid updation. The suggested BHE fuzzy clustering with dynamic deep auto-encoder approach fared better than the current methods, achieving the best accuracy of 97.605%, the highest $\boldsymbol{F_{1}}$ score of 90.210%, better precision of 90.001%, and the highest recall of 95.149%.
Case report of persistent atrial fibrillation with durably isolated pulmonary veins: what’s next?
Authors: Bengel Philipp , Sossalla Samuel , Dinov Borislav 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has emerged as a safe and effective treatment for patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Nevertheless, in some patients, a relapse of atrial fibrillation occurs although pulmonary veins are durably isolated. For those patients, the underlying mechanisms of atrial fibrillation perpetuation are manifold and optimal treatment options are not yet defined.

Case summary
We describe a case of a 55-year-old man with a history of atrial fibrillation and previous PVI presenting with persistent AF and arrhythmia induced cardiomyopathy. During the redo procedure, electro-anatomical mapping revealed durably isolated PV. Bipolar mapping showed large low-voltage areas at the posterior wall and the septum. As the patient was refractory to electrical cardioversion, it was decided to modify the large low-voltage areas as potential arrhythmic substrate. After performing additional ablation with isolation of the posterior wall and two anterior/septal lines, the patient spontaneously converted to sinus rhythm.

Discussion
Ablation in patients with persistent AF despite durable PVI remains a challenge for the treating team. Individualized ablation approaches addressing additional arrhythmic substrates or extra-PV triggers can be considered to treat patients with persistent AF and durable PVI.
Early and short-term use of proprotein convertase anti-subtilisin–kexin type 9 inhibitors on coronary plaque stability in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Uehara Hiroki , Kajiya Takashi , Abe Masami , Nakata Marohito , Hosogi Shingo , Ueda Shinichiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Proprotein convertase anti-subtilisin–kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9Is) improve plaque volume and composition and reduce major adverse coronary events in chronic coronary artery disease. We evaluated the effects of the short-term use of PCSK9Is on coronary plaque stability in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods and results
This is a multicentre, open-label randomized controlled trial. The enrolled 80 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 52 patients (age 60 ± 11 years, 38 men, 14 women) with ST-elevated ACS had undergone successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention with LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels &gt; 70 mg/dL while receiving high-intensity statins. Participants were randomly assigned to the PCSK9I group (evolocumab 420 mg for 3 months, n = 29) or the standard of care (SoC) group (n = 23). Optical coherence tomography was performed at baseline (BL) and 3 and 9 months after randomization to assess lipid-rich plaques in non-culprit lesions. The change in the minimum fibrous cap thickness (MFCT) from BL to 9 months was the primary endpoint. The percentage change in LDL-C levels from BL to 3 months was significantly greater in the PCSK9I group (−67.8 ± 21.5% in the PCSK9I group vs. −16.3 ± 21.8% in the SoC group; P &lt; 0.0001), and the difference between the two groups disappeared from BL to 9 months (−20.0 ± 37.8% in the PCSK9I group vs. −6.7 ± 34.2% in the SoC group; P = 0.20). The changes in MFCT from BL to 9 months were significantly greater in the PCSK9I group, even after PCSK9I discontinuation {100 μm [interquartile range (IQR): 45–180 μm] vs. 50 μm [IQR: 0–110 μm]; P = 0.032}.

Conclusion
Combination treatment with PCSK9Is and statins resulted in more marked plaque stabilization after ACS than SoC alone, and this effect persisted for 6 months after PCSK9I discontinuation.

Registration
Adage-Joto study, UMIN ID No. 26516.
Unraveling mate choice evolution through indirect genetic effects
Authors: Han Chang S , Robledo-Ruiz Diana A , Garcia-Gonzalez Francisco , Dingemanse Niels J , Tuni Cristina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Attractiveness is not solely determined by a single sexual trait but rather by a combination of traits. Because the response of the chooser is based on the combination of sexual traits in the courter, variation in the chooser’s responses that are attributable to the opposite-sex courter genotypes (i.e., the indirect genetic effects [IGEs] on chooser response) can reflect genetic variation in overall attractiveness. This genetic variation can be associated with the genetic basis of other traits in both the chooser and the courter. Investigating this complex genetic architecture, including IGEs, can enhance our understanding of the evolution of mate choice. In the present study on the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, we estimated (1) genetic variation in overall attractiveness and (2) genetic correlations between overall attractiveness and other pre- and postcopulatory traits (e.g., male latency to sing, female latency to mount, male guarding intensity, male and female body mass, male mandible size, and testis size) within and between sexes. We revealed a genetic basis for attractiveness in both males and females. Furthermore, a genetic variance associated with female attractiveness was correlated with a genetic variance underlying larger male testes. Our findings imply that males that mate with attractive females can produce offspring that are successful in terms of precopulatory sexual selection (daughters who are attractive) and postcopulatory sexual selection (sons with an advantage in sperm competition), potentially leading to runaway sexual selection. Our study exemplifies how the incorporation of the IGE framework provides novel insights into the evolution of mate choice.
Risankizumab Is Effective for The Management of Crohn’s Disease of the Pouch
Authors: Kayal Maia , Spencer Elizabeth A , Smyth Matthew , Raffals Laura , Qazi Taha , Deepak Parakkal , Beniwal-Patel Poonam , Chang Shannon , Higgins Peter , Cross Raymond K , Anderson Chelsea , Long Millie , Herfarth Hans H , Dubinsky Marla C , Barnes Edward L 
Published: July 2024

Lay Summary
In this prospective, multicenter observational study of highly refractory patients with Crohn’s disease of the pouch, risankizumab achieved the primary outcome of clinical remission in 50% and the more stringent secondary outcome of antibiotic- and steroid-free remission in 30.8% at 12 weeks.
Preoperative Impella therapy in patients with ventricular septal rupture and cardiogenic shock: haemodynamic and organ function outcomes
Authors: Shibasaki Ikuko , Saito Shunsuke , Kanazawa Yuta , Takei Yusuke , Tsuchiya Go , Fukuda Hirotsugu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We examined the effects of preoperative Impella treatment on haemodynamic stability, organ recovery and postoperative outcomes in patients with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture (PIVSR) and cardiogenic shock (CS).

METHODS
Between April 2018 and February 2024, the data of 10 of 15 patients with PIVSR and CS who underwent Impella therapy were analysed. Emergency surgery was contingent on haemodynamic stability with the Impella/ECpella, except in the presence of organ failure. We utilized a generalized linear mixed model to evaluate organ ischaemia through changes in blood parameters upon admission and at subsequent intervals post-Impella insertion.

RESULTS
Preoperative Impella or combined Impella and ECpella (5 patients each) support was provided, with diagnoses and operations occurring at an average of 4 days (interquartile range: 2–5) and 8 days (interquartile range: 2–14) after myocardial infarction, respectively. Treatment significantly reduced lactate, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase-MB and troponin I levels (P ≤ 0.05 for all). Conversely, no significant change was noted in the aspartate aminotransferase level or the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Haemoglobin and platelet counts decreased despite transfusions (P &lt; 0.001). No surgical deaths occurred; however, 70% of the patients required prolonged mechanical ventilation, and 80% were transferred to other facilities for rehabilitation.

CONCLUSIONS
Impella or ECpella treatment can improve haemodynamic and organ failure outcomes in patients with PIVSR and CS. However, the risks of prolonged support, including haemorrhagic events and the need for extended rehabilitation, point to a need for comparative studies to optimize support duration.
Codesigning AI with End-Users: An AI Literacy Toolkit for Nontechnical Audiences
Authors: Smith Freya , Sadek Malak , Wan Echo , Ito Akira , Mougenot Céline 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study addresses the challenge of limited AI literacy among the general public hindering effective participation in AI codesign. We present a card-based AI literacy toolkit designed to inform nontechnical audiences about AI and stimulate idea generation. The toolkit incorporates 16 competencies from the AI Literacy conceptual framework and employs ‘What if?’ prompts to encourage questioning, mirroring designers’ approaches. Using a mixed methods approach, we assessed the impact of the toolkit. In a design task with nontechnical participants (N = 50), we observed a statistically significant improvement in critical feedback and breadth of AI-related questions after toolkit use. Further, a codesign workshop involving six participants, half without an AI background, revealed positive effects on collaboration between practitioners and end-users, fostering a shared vision and common ground. This research emphasizes the potential of AI literacy tools to enhance the involvement of nontechnical audiences in codesigning AI systems, contributing to more inclusive and informed participatory processes.
IIVRS: an Intelligent Image and Video Rating System to Provide Scenario-Based Content for Different Users
Authors: Kang Rui , Rau Pei-Luen Patrick 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Voice Intelligent Assistants provide users with new ways of human-computer interaction. With built-in screens, Voice Intelligent Assistants can display images and videos upon users’ requests. Even though images and videos present information in a lively manner, they might also contain overwhelming harmful contents. Due to the lack of effective evaluation mechanisms, it is difficult to prevent the propagation of harmful contents while ensuring the dissemination of compliant visual contents. This research defined a standardized set of classification criteria to identify and classify harmful visual contents. Then, Intelligent Image and Video Rating System, a prototype rating system that implemented the classification criteria was designed and developed. This research further evaluated and verified the reliability and efficiency of the prototype. The prototype system demonstrated additional advantages in swiftly classifying new hazardous contents, and in differentiating the multiple meanings of the same object in different contexts.
Feasibility of a contraceptive-specific electronic health record system to promote the adoption of pharmacist-prescribed contraceptive services in community pharmacies in the United States
Authors: Bustin Devin J , Simmons Rebecca , Galdo Jake , Kucek Mary E , Logan Lissette , Cohn Rich , Smith Heather 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Pharmacists in over half of the United States can prescribe contraceptives; however, low pharmacist adoption has impeded the full realization of potential public health benefits. Many barriers to adoption may be addressed by leveraging an electronic health records (EHR) system with clinical decision support tools and workflow automation. We conducted a feasibility study to determine if utilizing a contraceptive-specific EHR could improve potential barriers to the implementation of pharmacist-prescribed contraceptive services.

Materials and Methods
20 pharmacists each performed two standardized patient encounter simulations: one on the EHR and one on the current standard of care paper-based workflow. A crossover study design was utilized, with each pharmacist performing encounters on both standardized patients with the modality order randomized. Encounters were timed, contraceptive outputs were recorded, and the pharmacists completed externally validated workload and usability surveys after each encounter, and a Perception, Attitude, and Satisfaction survey created by the research team after the final encounter.

Results
Pharmacists were more likely to identify contraceptive ineligibility using the EHR-based workflow compared to the paper workflow (P = .003). Contraceptive encounter time was not significantly different between the 2 modalities (P = .280). Pharmacists reported lower mental demand (P = .003) and greater perceived usefulness (P = .029) with the EHR-based workflow compared to the paper modality.

Discussion and Conclusion
Pharmacist performance and acceptance of contraceptive services delivery were improved with the EHR workflow. Pharmacist-specific contraceptive EHR workflows show potential to improve pharmacist adoption and provision of appropriate contraceptive care.
Genomic evidence of reproductive isolation among the Semisulcospira snails radiated in the ancient Lake Biwa
Authors: Ueno Kazuma , Urabe Misako , Nakai Katsuki , Miura Osamu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Determining species boundaries within rapidly evolving species flocks is essential to understanding their evolutionary history but is often difficult to achieve due to the lack of clear diagnostic features. Ancient Lake Biwa harbours endemic snails in the genus Semisulcospira, a species flock with 19 described species. However, their morphological and genetic similarity cast doubt on the validity of their species status and their histories of explosive speciation. To evaluate their species boundaries, we examine patterns of gene flow among the sympatric or parapatric nominal Semisulcospira species in Lake Biwa. The principal component analysis and Bayesian structure analysis based on the genome-wide genotyping dataset demonstrated no gene flow between five pairs of the Semisulcospira species. However, we found the hybrids between the closely related species pair, Semisulcospira decipiens and S. rugosa. Despite the presence of hybrids, these nominal species still formed their own genetic clusters. There are variations in the chromosome numbers among these species, potentially providing an intrinsic barrier to panmictic gene flow. Our study showed complete or partial reproductive isolation among the sympatric or parapatric Semisulcospira species, demonstrating that the Semisulcospira snails are real species assemblages radiated in Lake Biwa. Our study provides significant implications for establishing species boundaries among rapidly evolving freshwater species in ancient lakes.
Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of pitch-accent systems based on accentual class merger: a new method applied to Japanese dialects
Authors: Takahashi Takuya , Onohara Ayaka , Ihara Yasuo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Unlike studies of the evolutionary relationship between languages, the dialect-level variation within a language has seldom been studied within the framework of a phylogenetic tree, because frequent lexical borrowing muddles the evidence of shared ancestry. The phonological history of Japanese is an exceptional case study where the phenomenon called accentual class merger enables the phylogenetic analysis of dialectal pitch-accent systems in a way that is not subject to borrowing. However, previous studies have lacked statistical analysis and failed to evaluate the relative credence of alternative hypotheses. Here we developed a novel substitution model that describes the mutation of pitch-accent systems driven by accentual class merger and integrated the model into the framework of Bayesian phylogenetic inference with geographical diffusion. Applying the method to data on the pitch-accent variation in modern Japanese dialects and historical documents collected from literature, we reconstructed the evolutionary history and spatial diffusion of pitch-accent systems. Our result supports the monophyly of each of three groups of pitch-accent systems in conventional categorization, namely Tokyo type, Keihan type, and N-kei (N-pattern) type of Kyushu, whereas the monophyly of the Tokyo type has been highly controversial in previous studies. The divergence time of the mainland pitch-accent systems was estimated to be from mid-Kofun to early Heian period. Also, it is suggested that the modern Kyoto dialect did not inherit its accent patterns from Bumoki but from an unrecorded lineage which survived from the Muromachi period. Analyses on geographical diffusion suggest that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all the taxa and that of Keihan type were located in or around the Kinki region, whereas the MRCA of N-kei type was located in northern to central Kyushu. The geographical location of the MRCA of Tokyo type remains unclear, but the Kinki and Kanto regions are the most plausible candidates.
Proximity driven plastid–nucleus relationships are facilitated by tandem plastid–ER dynamics
Authors: Kunjumon Thomas Kadanthottu , Ghosh Puja Puspa , Currie Laura M J , Mathur Jaideep 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Peri-nuclear clustering (PNC) of chloroplasts has largely been described in senescent and pathogen- or reactive oxygen species-stressed cells. Stromules, tubular plastid extensions, are also observed under similar conditions. Coincident observations of PNC and stromules associate the two phenomena in facilitating retrograde signaling between chloroplasts and the nucleus. However, PNC incidence in non-stressed cells under normal growth and developmental conditions, when stromules are usually not observed, remains unclear. Using transgenic Arabidopsis expressing different organelle-targeted fluorescent proteins, we show that PNC is a dynamic subcellular phenomenon that continues in the absence of light and is not dependent on stromule formation. PNC is facilitated by tandem plastid–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dynamics created through membrane contact sites between the two organelles. While PNC increases upon ER membrane expansion, some plastids may remain in the peri-nuclear region due to their localization in ER-lined nuclear indentions. Moreover, some PNC plastids may sporadically extend stromules into ER-lined nuclear grooves. Our findings strongly indicate that PNC is not an exclusive response to stress caused by pathogens, high light, or exogenous H2O2 treatment, and does not require stromule formation. However, morphological and behavioral alterations in ER and concomitant changes in tandem, plastid–ER dynamics play a major role in facilitating the phenomenon.
The Alphabet Soup of Microscopy: An Introduction to Advanced Imaging Techniques. Part I: Super-Resolution’s STED, SIM, SMI, and SMLM
Authors: Worden Austin N 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As technology advances, the field of microscopy offers unique opportunities for scientific exploration. However, the complex terminology used to describe these cutting-edge techniques often appears as a jumble of letters, akin to alphabet soup. Among the plethora of acronyms, some of the most prevalent are associated with super-resolution microscopy, including Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy (STED), Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM), Spatially Modulated Illumination (SMI), and Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM). These techniques push past the limitations of conventional light microscopy, achieving resolutions down to the tens of nanometers. This article aims to decode these common super-resolution techniques, fostering a deeper understanding of microscopy and igniting interest in their application.