bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transatlantic vs. Hemispheric: Toni Morrison's Long Nineteenth Century
Authors: Brickhouse Anna 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines how American literature might be situated in a modern world system of the racialized Atlantic world, focusing on Toni Morrison's A Mercy. It argues that Morrison's 2008 novel meditates powerfully on nineteenth-century American literary history and contends that Morrison's novel can speak as productively to the topic of nineteenth-century American literature as can a novel by James Fenimore Cooper, Nathaniel Hawthorne, or Herman Melville. The article explains that A Mercy stages a series of critical insights into the disciplinary moment of the early twenty-first century, allowing us to acknowledge and to reevaluate the distinct and often competing transatlantic and hemispheric trajectories our field has developed for comprehending the long nineteenth century of the American literary past.
How To Read: Regionalism and theLadies' Home Journal
Authors: Foster Travis M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines regionalism in nineteenth-century American literature, focusing on the Ladies' Home Journal. It analyzes the journal's commentary on literature and literary culture during a period corresponding to regionalism's prominence, from the periodical's founding in 1883 through the turn of the century. The article explores what authors and readers think about the impact of reading on the formation of social bonds.
Nineteenth-Century American Literature Without Nature? Rethinking Environmental Criticism
Authors: Lemenager Stephanie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on environmental criticism and the depiction of nature in nineteenth-century American literature. It explores what nineteenth-century American literature can offer to an era of global climate change (GCC) and describes the works of nineteenth-century defenders of nature including Henry David Thoreau, John Muir, and Walt Whitman. The article argues that if the narrative arts can grapple with the ecological complexity of GCC, clues to survival reside in nineteenth-century U.S. literature.
“Action, Action, Action”: Nineteenth-Century Literature for Twenty-First-Century Citizenship?
Authors: Castronovo Russ , Nelson Dana D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines what can be learned from nineteenth-century American literature regarding twenty-first-century citizenship. It investigates how the intellectual project of reading and interpreting American literature can prepare us for the deliberative work of democracy and what American literature tells us about this difficult relationship. The article explores how literature can be read politically, and describes the relevant works of Harriet Beecher Stowe and John Brown.
Gender, Identity, and Sport
Authors: Roper Emily A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter begins with an introduction to the important terms and concepts specific to understanding the body of work in gender and identity in sport. A brief review of women's history in sport and physical activity is provided, including discussion of Title IX, women and girls’ physical activity/sport participation patterns, barriers to gender equity in sport, and why an understanding of the social context is critical for sport and performance professionals. The ways in which females experience, perceive, and physically use their bodies is also addressed. The extensive body of work devoted to the homonegative and heterosexist climate of sport is outlined, with specific attention devoted to the bias and discrimination that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals face within sport and the role that sport and performance professionals play in working toward an inclusive and safe sport environment for all participants. The emergence and growth of feminist sport psychology is addressed with an overview and examples of feminist practice and research in the field. Suggestions for future work in the field are provided throughout the chapter and, in particular, how some of the approaches and research frameworks presented could be used to enhance our understanding of sport and performance psychology.
Culture/Ethnicity and Performance
Authors: Kontos Anthony P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe purpose of the current chapter is to examine the role of culture/ethnicity on performance. After beginning with an overview of culture/ethnicity issues in the United States, the remainder of the chapter is organized into three sections: cultural/ethnic factors related to performance, factors that influence culture/ethnicity, and strategies for integrating culture/ethnicity into performance-based practice. The first section examines cultural/ethnic awareness and understanding related to historical issues, acculturation, and worldview. Challenges that affect the performance of cultural/ethnic groups, including “crossing-over” and racism, are explored. In the second section, factors including age, gender, and socioeconomic status that interact with culture/ethnicity to influence performance are reviewed. The third section discusses strategies to integrate culture/ethnicity with performance enhancement, including communication, cultural exchange, and cultivating opportunities for under-represented groups. A model for understanding the role of culture/ethnicity in regard to performance is proposed.
Pain and Performance
Authors: Heil John , Podlog Leslie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPain is a prevalent factor in competitive sport and physical performance domains such as dance, military operations, and outdoor adventure activities. This chapter synthesizes pain scholarship from various performance domains, drawing from medical research, sport science, and case study reports to identify best pain assessment and intervention practices. The chapter also examines the function of pain at the extremes of performance. Seven topic areas are covered: the psychosocial/performance literature on pain appraisal and coping, principles of pain science and practice, psychological intervention, psychological perspectives on pain medication, chronic pain and injury, remarkable feats of pain tolerance, and concluding comments and suggestions for future research.
Supervision and Mindfulness in Sport and Performance Psychology
Authors: Andersen Mark B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe topic of supervision has been a late arrival in the applied sport psychology world of discussion and debate. The field of performance psychology is even newer than sport psychology, and there is little in this field that addresses useful models of supervision. This chapter focuses on supervision in applied sport psychology. Supervision in our field has borrowed extensively from mainstream counseling and clinical psychology models. There is no real, viable model of supervision based on the cognitive-behavioral therapy derived psychological skills training (PST) paradigm that seems to be dominant in our field. One of the current trends in counseling and clinical psychology has been the exploration of the usefulness of mindfulness in a variety of therapeutic settings. In this chapter, I review the applied sport psychology literature on supervision and how advancements in mindfulness and the field of interpersonal neurobiology (neural correlates of presence, attunement, and resonance between therapists and clients and supervisors and supervisees) can inform applied sport (and performance) psychology practice. As a psychodynamic/Buddhist philosophy-oriented psychotherapist and supervisor, I argue that a mindfulness approach to sport and performance psychology supervision (and treatment) service delivery is a transtheoretical model that could be applicable to almost any of the helping professions. I conclude this chapter with a case example of how a mindfulness-based psychodynamic approach to beginning supervision might sound and feel like for the practitioner and the supervisee.
Individual Psychological Assessment
Authors: McPhail S. Morton , Jeanneret P. Richard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe concentrate on six major themes that organize both the scientific and practical knowledge regarding individual psychological assessment. After providing a definition and associated contextual background, we discuss the various organizational purposes for which individual assessments can be used, followed by a description of how assessments should be designed to satisfy those purposes. A fourth theme is devoted to the “nuts and bolts” of developing and implementing an assessment process, followed by a discussion of assessment data integration and presenting it to both the assessee and the organizational representatives who will rely upon the information. After reviewing several “special issues,” our concluding comments describe the state of the science and art, and our outlooks and recommendations for the future of individual psychological assessment.
Adaptive Performance and Trainability as Criteria in Selection Research
Authors: Pulakos Elaine D. , Mueller-Hanson Rose A. , Nelson John 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this chapter, we examine issues relevant to incorporating trainability and adaptive performance into selection research. We adopt the definition of adaptive performance suggested by Pulakos et al. (2000) that specified eight dimensions defining this construct. One of these dimensions, leaning new tasks, technology, and procedures, was used to define trainability. We then examine recent models of adaptive performance and training to identify likely predictors of adaptability and trainability and propose a method for determining when and where these criteria should be included and explicitly predicted in selection research. We examine the pros and cons associated with different criterion measures and recommend that typical rating measures potentially supplemented by lower-fidelity work sample measures be incorporated in selection research. Finally, we discuss gaps in the current literature and recommend areas for future research.
The Life Cycle of Successful Selection Programs
Authors: Kehoe Jerard , Brown Steven , Hoffman Calvin C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter describes strategies and mechanisms for managing selection programs that will enable the programs to successfully adapt to changing conditions. The types of changes and their causes and consequences that most impact the success of selection programs are described. The chapter offers guidance about the evaluation and analysis necessary to manage factors that affect the sustainability of successful selection programs. These considerations extend beyond the domain of personnel selection research and describe the importance of organizational considerations and the influence of stakeholders in supporting successful selection programs.
Introduction
Authors: Ghate Chetan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article highlights India's growing economic importance on the world stage and focuses on the recent and future course of the Indian economy. India's remarkable economic growth in recent years has made it one of the fastest growing economies in the world. In 2011, India ranked as the 11th largest economy in the world in nominal US dollars. With respect to purchasing power parity, India has the fourth largest economy in the world after the United States, China, and Japan. The immense optimism surrounding the Indian economy is underscored in the 2010 Economic Survey, which alludes to the strong possibility of double-digit growth in the coming decade. While India's economic growth has been impressive, rapid growth has been accompanied by a slow decline in poverty, widening regional disparities, and continuing sociopolitical instability. Large sections of the population continue to be deprived of basic health and education.
Advances in the Genetics of Deafness
Authors: Arnos Kathleen S. , Pandya Arti 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGenetic factors are believed to account for more than half of all cases of congenital or early-onset moderate to profound deafness. The identification of several dozen genes for deafness, one of which accounts for a high proportion of all childhood deafness, has enabled the identification of the exact cause of deafness in many children through genetic testing. Parents, family members, deaf and hard-of-hearing adults, as well as health care and educational professionals often are unaware of the exact process and goals of genetic evaluation and may have questions about the usefulness of genetic testing. Sensitive and appropriate genetic evaluation and testing, coupled with appropriate interpretation and information through genetic counseling, can be invaluable to many families. Health professionals and those who work with deaf children in educational and service settings play an important role in helping parents and family members understand the value of a genetic evaluation and making referrals to genetics professionals.
From opportunistic to systematic use of the Web as corpus:Do-support withgot (to)in contemporary American English
Authors: Mair Christian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe chapter argues that the best way to profit from the rich corpus-linguistic working environment available to the student of the history of English is to use traditional (and sometimes small) linguistic corpora together with larger textual databases and digital archives, including the World-Wide Web, in a coordinated way. Linguistic corpora (ARCHER, Brown family, BNC, COCA, COHA) are sufficient to document the successive waves of grammaticalisation which have added have to, have got to and, more recently, want to or need to to the older form must, producing the complex layered system of present-day English modal markers of obligation and necessity. Using do-support with modal got (to)/gotta as an illustration, the paper shows that, in spite of its known deficiencies as a linguistic corpus, the World-Wide Web can help fill in the language-historical picture in useful ways where even the biggest available corpora fail to produce sufficient evidence.
Rethinking the loss of verb second
Authors: van Kemenade Ans 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMore than twenty years of research has been devoted to the nature of Verb Second (V2) in early English and its loss in the transition from Middle English (ME) to early Modern English (EModE). Yet there has been no sufficient explanation for why and how V2 was lost in clauses introduced by a non-subject first constituent other than a wh- phrase or a negative element. This article investigates the information structure (IS) factors contributing to V2 variation over the ME period: type of finite verb (Vf), the information status of the first constituent, and the information status of the subject. It shows that the most important change in connection with the loss of V2 is that subjects are increasingly placed on the left of Vf, rather than a change in Vf placement. The overall backdrop for this development lies in the relation between syntax and IS. This article presents a case study on V2 inversion in main clauses introduced by adverbs, involving three types of finite verb (transitive/unergative, unaccusative, auxiliary), and various types of subject.
Retrograde Light-guided Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation
Authors: Yang Tao , Hou Jiong , Li Jinbao , Zhang Xu , Zhu Xiaoyan , Ni Wen , Mao Yanfei , Deng Xiaoming 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background:
Tracheal intubation with conventional laryngoscopy requires many trials until beginners are sufficiently skilled in intubating patients safely. To facilitate intubation, the authors used retrograde light-guided laryngoscopy (RLGL) and compared its feasibility with conventional direct laryngoscopy (DL).

Methods:
Twenty operators participated in a prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-arm study. These operators intubated 205 patients randomly according to a computer-generated procedure by using either DL or RLGL (five intubations with each technique). The primary outcome was the success rate of tracheal intubation. The authors evaluated the success rate of tracheal intubation, the time to glottic exposure and tracheal intubation, and the Cormack and Lehane grades.

Results:
Compared with DL, the success rate was greater in the RLGL group for all five intubations (72% vs. 47%; rate difference, 25%; 95% CI [11.84–38.16%], P < 0.001). This was associated with a shorter time to glottic exposure (median [25th and 75th percentile]; 27 [15; 42] vs. 45 [30; 73] s, P < 0.001), shorter intubation time (66 [44; 120] vs. 120 [69; 120] s, P < 0.001), and decreased throat soreness (mean ± SD; visual analog scale, 2.1 ± 0.9 vs. 3.7 ± 1.0 cm, P = 0.001) in the RLGL group compared to the DL group.

Conclusion:
RLGL is an alternative intubation technique. In our study, it enables beginners to intubate patients more successfully and quickly than conventional DL.
Postoperative Respiratory Muscle Dysfunction
Authors: Sasaki Nobuo , Meyer Matthew J. , Eikermann Matthias 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Postoperative pulmonary complications are responsible for significant increases in hospital cost as well as patient morbidity and mortality; respiratory muscle dysfunction represents a contributing factor. Upper airway dilator muscles functionally resist the upper airway collapsing forces created by the respiratory pump muscles. Standard perioperative medications (anesthetics, sedatives, opioids, and neuromuscular blocking agents), interventions (patient positioning, mechanical ventilation, and surgical trauma), and diseases (lung hyperinflation, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea) have differential effects on the respiratory muscle subgroups. These effects on the upper airway dilators and respiratory pump muscles impair their coordination and function and can result in respiratory failure. Perioperative management strategies can help decrease the incidence of postoperative respiratory muscle dysfunction. Such strategies include minimally invasive procedures rather than open surgery, early and optimal mobilizing of respiratory muscles while on mechanical ventilation, judicious use of respiratory depressant anesthetics and neuromuscular blocking agents, and noninvasive ventilation when possible.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of the Spread of Local Anesthetic Solution after Ultrasound-guided Lateral Thoracic Paravertebral Blockade
Authors: Marhofer Daniela , Marhofer Peter , Kettner Stephan C. , Fleischmann Edith , Prayer Daniela , Schernthaner Melanie , Lackner Edith , Willschke Harald , Schwetz Pascal , Zeitlinger Markus 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background:
This study was designed to examine the spread of local anesthetic (LA) via magnetic resonance imaging after a standardized ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral blockade.

Methods:
Ten volunteers were enrolled in the study. We performed ultrasound-guided single-shot paravertebral blocks with 20 ml mepivacaine 1% at the thoracic six level at both sides on two consecutive days. After each paravertebral blockade, a magnetic resonance imaging investigation was performed to investigate the three-dimensional spread of the LA. In addition, sensory spread of blockade was evaluated via pinprick testing.

Results:
The median (interquartile range) cranial and caudal distribution of the LA relative to the thoracic six puncture level was 1.0 (2.5) and 3.0 (0.75) [=4.0 vertebral levels] for the left and 0.5 (1.0) and 3.0 (0.75) [=3.5 vertebral levels] for the right side. Accordingly, the LA distributed more caudally than cranially. The median (interquartile range) number of sensory dermatomes which were affected by the thoracic paravertebral blockade was 9.8 (6.5) for the left and 10.7 (8.8) for the right side. The sensory distribution of thoracic paravertebral blockade was significantly larger compared with the spread of LA.

Conclusions:
Although the spread of LA was reproducible, the anesthetic effect was unpredictable, even with a standardized ultrasound-guided technique in volunteers. While it can be assumed that approximately 4 vertebral levels are covered by 20 ml LA, the somatic distribution of the thoracic paravertebral blockade remains unpredictable. In a significant percentage, the LA distributes into the epidural space, prevertebral, or to the contralateral side.
Systematic Review: Emergency Department Bedside Ultrasonography for Diagnosing Suspected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Rubano Elizabeth , Mehta Ninfa , Caputo William , Paladino Lorenzo , Sinert Richard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe use of ultrasound (US) to diagnose an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has been well studied in the radiology literature, but has yet to be rigorously reviewed in the emergency medicine arena.ObjectivesThis was a systematic review of the literature for the operating characteristics of emergency department (ED) ultrasonography for AAA.MethodsThe authors searched PubMed and EMBASE databases for trials from 1965 through November 2011 using a search strategy derived from the following PICO formulation: Patients—patients (18+ years) suspected of AAA. Intervention—bedside ED US to detect AAA. Comparator—reference standard for diagnosing an AAA was a computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), aortography, official US performed by radiology, ED US reviewed by radiology, exploratory laparotomy, or autopsy results. AAA was defined as ≥3 cm dilation of the aorta. Outcome—operating characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios [LR]) of ED abdominal US. The papers were analyzed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) guidelines.ResultsThe initial search strategy identified 1,238 articles; application of inclusion/exclusion criteria resulted in seven studies with 655 patients. The weighted average prevalence of AAA in symptomatic patients over the age of 50 years is 23%. On history, 50% of AAA patients will lack the classic triad of hypotension, back pain, and pulsatile abdominal mass. The sensitivity of abdominal palpation for AAA increases as the diameter of the AAA increases. The pooled operating characteristics of ED US for the detection of AAA were sensitivity 99% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 96% to 100%) and specificity 98% (95% CI = 97% to 99%).ConclusionsSeven high‐quality studies of the operating characteristics of ED bedside US in diagnosing AAA were identified. All showed excellent diagnostic performance for emergency bedside US to detect the presence of AAA in symptomatic patients.
Expression of Apoptosis in Placenta of Experimental Antiphospholipid Syndrome Mouse
Authors: Velayuthaprabhu Shanmugam , Matsubayashi Hidehiko , Sugi Toshitaka , Nakamura Masato , Ohnishi Yasuyuki , Ogura Tomoyuki , Archunan Govindaraju 
Published: February 2013

ProblemTo study the histopathology and expression of apoptosis in placenta of pregnancy‐complicated antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)‐positive mouse models.Method of studyICR mice were immunized with IgG isotype of human anticardiolipin (aCL) and/or lupus anticoagulant (LA). The pathological and apoptotic expression was studied in the placenta of positive APS mice and compared with respective control samples.ResultsMice with passive immunization of human aCL and/or LA produced an increase in fetal resorption along with markedly induced thrombosis in the placenta associated with increased placental apoptosis. In addition, fewer mitotic cells, less trophoblast giant cell invasion, and more shrunken cells in the deciduas were seen.ConclusionOur study showed the pathogenic role of aCL and LA in pregnancy complications.