bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phlebosclerosis in lower extremities veins
Authors: Labropoulos N , Tzogias L , Malgor R D , Antoniou G , Giannoukas A D 
Published: December 2012

Objectives: To determine the prevalence, distribution and extent of phlebosclerosis in an outpatient population referred to vascular clinic. Design: Prospective cohort study. Patients and Methods: Seven hundred and forty consecutive patients, 302 (41%) men with a cohort median age of 49 (range, 18–84), were referred to the vascular clinic for detection of lower extremity acute or chronic venous disease. A total of 1000 limbs were assessed using duplex ultrasonography. Deep veins were not assessed. Characteristics of venous wall and lumen were studied. Phlebosclerosis was diagnosed based on the increased echogenicity and thickness or calcification of the venous wall. Patients with known trauma or any surgery in the lower extremities were excluded. Two control groups were used for comparison, one of consecutive patients undergoing vein mapping ( n = 100) and the other of younger volunteers free of any vein disease ( n = 25). Results: Of the 1000 limbs (right: 458, left: 542) studied by duplex ultrasound, 21 limbs had intense brightness of the venous wall. Fifteen of them had also calcifications and 61 wall thickening. The prevalence of phlebosclerosis was significantly higher in the patient group when compared with control groups 1 (P = 0.019) and 2 (P = 0.011). The mean age of patients with phlebosclerosis was higher compared with the whole patient group (57 versus 49 years, P < 0.0001). Phlebosclerosis affected all superficial veins with greater prevalence in the small saphenous vein (SSV). The mean length of the phlebosclerotic lesion was 2 cm (range 1–7 cm). Conclusion: The prevalence of phlebosclerosis in the lower extremities appears to be low with no significant sex differences. Age and chronic venous disease are important factors for its development. It may be present in the absence of thrombosis or reflux. A greater prevalence of phlebosclerotic lesions was found in the SSV.
Lipid Droplets and Peroxisomes: Key Players in Cellular Lipid Homeostasis or A Matter of Fat—Store ’em Up or Burn ’em Down
Authors: Kohlwein Sepp D , Veenhuis Marten , van der Klei Ida J 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) and peroxisomes are central players in cellular lipid homeostasis: some of their main functions are to control the metabolic flux and availability of fatty acids (LDs and peroxisomes) as well as of sterols (LDs). Both fatty acids and sterols serve multiple functions in the cell—as membrane stabilizers affecting membrane fluidity, as crucial structural elements of membrane-forming phospholipids and sphingolipids, as protein modifiers and signaling molecules, and last but not least, as a rich carbon and energy source. In addition, peroxisomes harbor enzymes of the malic acid shunt, which is indispensable to regenerate oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis, thus allowing yeast cells to generate sugars from fatty acids or nonfermentable carbon sources. Therefore, failure of LD and peroxisome biogenesis and function are likely to lead to deregulated lipid fluxes and disrupted energy homeostasis with detrimental consequences for the cell. These pathological consequences of LD and peroxisome failure have indeed sparked great biomedical interest in understanding the biogenesis of these organelles, their functional roles in lipid homeostasis, interaction with cellular metabolism and other organelles, as well as their regulation, turnover, and inheritance. These questions are particularly burning in view of the pandemic development of lipid-associated disorders worldwide.
Dementia and amputation
Authors: Schuch Vera , Moysidis Theodoros , Weiland Dorothea , Santosa Frans , Kröger Knut 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Objectives
To our experience dementia seems to play an increasing role for major amputation in patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease (PAD). To confirm our impression, we analysed the rate of dementia associated with different surgical procedures using the information of the federal statistics in Germany.

Patients and Methods
Detailed lists of cases hospitalized with the principal diagnosis (PAD), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), myocardial infarction (MI) and hip fracture (HF), and of the procedures minor or major amputation, endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), total endoprosthesis for hip replacement (THR) and coronary aortic bypass graft (CABG) in Germany in the years 2008 to 2010 were provided by the Federal Statistical Office.

Results
Dementia is documented as additional diagnosis in approximately one fourth of cases having the principal diagnosis HF, 5% to 6% of cases with the principal diagnosis MI and PAD, but only in approximately 2% of AAA cases. Dementia is documented as principal or additional diagnosis in one fourth of amputation procedures (major amputation approximately 18% and minor amputation approximately 8%), in approximately 5% THR, 2% of EVAR and only 0.3% of CABG. The rate of documentation of dementia is higher in patients treated by major amputation than in the hospitalized PAD population. Vice versa, the rate of documentation of dementia is lower in patients getting THR than in the hospitalized HF population.

Conclusion
The presented analysis supports the assumption that dementia plays a relevant role in older patients suffering from PAD receiving major amputation in Germany.
Elevation of monocyte-platelet aggregates is an early marker of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Patkó Zsófia , Császár Albert , Acsády György , Őry Iván , Takács Éva , Fűrész József 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Diabetes has been shown to be an accelerating factor in the progression of atherosclerosis. The metabolic changes in diabetes contribute to modified platelet function and enhanced leukocyte-platelet aggregate formation. The attachment of activated platelets leads to the activation of leukocytes causing enhanced cytokine production and upregulation of surface adhesion molecules. Therefore, platelet-leukocyte aggregates may be of great importance in the development of cardiovascular complications.

Materials and Methods
Monocyte-platelet aggregates and monocyte Mac-1 expression were measured by flow cytometry to obtain differences between type 2 diabetic and healthy subjects. Inflammatory mediators were evaluated to assess the presence of inflammation.

Results
We found no signs of inflammation in type 2 diabetes; however, we observed enhanced aggregation level of monocytes and platelets. The expression of Mac-1 did not differ between diabetic and control subjects, but it was significantly higher on monocytes bearing platelets in both groups.

Conclusions
Elevation of monocyte-platelet aggregates is an early marker of diabetes, which precedes the signs of inflammation. Enhanced Mac-1 expression can be observed on monocytes bearing platelets, independent from the presence of diabetes.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging of isolated perfused pig hearts in a 3T clinical MR scanner
Authors: Schuster Andreas , Chiribiri Amedeo , Ishida Masaki , Morton Geraint , Paul Matthias , Hussain Shazia T. , Bigalke Boris , Perera Divaka , Schaeffter Tobias , Nagel Eike 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Purpose
An isolated perfused pig heart model has recently been proposed for the development of novel methods in standard clinical magnetic resonance (MR) scanners. The original set-up required the electrical system to be within the safe part of the MR-room, which introduced significant background noise. The purpose of the current work was to refine the system to overcome this limitation so that all electrical parts are completely outside the scanner room.

Methods
Four pig hearts were explanted under terminal anaesthesia from large white cross landrace pigs. All hearts underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scanning in the MR part of a novel combined 3T MR and x-ray fluoroscopy (XMR) suite. CMR scanning included real-time k-t SENSE functional imaging, k-t SENSE accelerated perfusion imaging and late gadolinium enhancement imaging. Interference with image quality was assessed by spurious echo imaging and compared to noise levels acquired while operating the electrical parts within the scanner room.

Results
Imaging was performed successfully in all hearts. The system proved suitable for isolated heart perfusion in a novel 3T XMR suite. No significant additional noise was introduced into the scanner room by our set-up.

Conclusions
We have substantially improved a previous version of an isolated perfused pig heart model and made it applicable for MR imaging in a state of the art clinical 3T XMR imaging suite. The use of this system should aid novel CMR sequence development and translation into clinical practice.
Experimental validation of numerical simulations on a cerebral aneurysm phantom model
Authors: Bordás Róbert , Seshadhri Santhosh , Janiga Gábor , Skalej Martin , Thévenin Dominique 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The treatment of cerebral aneurysms, found in roughly 5% of the population and associated in case of rupture to a high mortality rate, is a major challenge for neurosurgery and neuroradiology due to the complexity of the intervention and to the resulting, high hazard ratio. Improvements are possible but require a better understanding of the associated, unsteady blood flow patterns in complex 3D geometries. It would be very useful to carry out such studies using suitable numerical models, if it is proven that they reproduce accurately enough the real conditions. This validation step is classically based on comparisons with measured data. Since in vivo measurements are extremely difficult and therefore of limited accuracy, complementary model-based investigations considering realistic configurations are essential. In the present study, simulations based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have been compared with in situ, laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements in the phantom model of a cerebral aneurysm. The employed 1:1 model is made from transparent silicone. A liquid mixture composed of water, glycerin, xanthan gum and sodium chloride has been specifically adapted for the present investigation. It shows physical flow properties similar to real blood and leads to a refraction index perfectly matched to that of the silicone model, allowing accurate optical measurements of the flow velocity. For both experiments and simulations, complex pulsatile flow waveforms and flow rates were accounted for. This finally allows a direct, quantitative comparison between measurements and simulations. In this manner, the accuracy of the employed computational model can be checked.
Time course for arm and chest muscle thickness changes following bench press training
Authors: Ogasawara Riki , Thiebaud Robert S. , Loenneke Jeremy P. , Loftin Mark , Abe Takashi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of hypertrophic adaptations in both the upper arm and trunk muscles following high-intensity bench press training. Seven previously untrained young men (aged 25±3 years) performed free-weight bench press training 3 days (Monday, Wednesday and Friday) per week for 24 weeks. Training intensity and volume were set at 75% of one repetition maximum (1-RM) and 30 repetitions (3 sets of 10 repetitions, with 2–3 min of rest between sets), respectively. Muscle thickness (MTH) was measured using B-mode ultrasound at three sites: the biceps and triceps brachii and the pectoralis major. Measurements were taken a week prior to the start of training, before the training session on every Monday and 3 days after the final training session. Pairwise comparisons from baseline revealed that pectoralis major MTH significantly increased after week-1 (p=0.002), triceps MTH increased after week-5 (p=0.001) and 1-RM strength increased after week-3 (p=0.001) while no changes were observed in the biceps MTH from baseline. Significant muscle hypertrophy was observed earlier in the chest compared to that of the triceps. Our results indicate that the time course of the muscle hypertrophic response differs between the upper arm and chest.
Transradial rotablation in a patient with dextrocardia and acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Showkathali Refai , Davies John R. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
An 82-year-old gentleman with situs inversus and dextrocardia was admitted to our unit following thrombolysis for inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Due to ongoing ischemic symptoms, he underwent emergency transradial coronary angiography. His culprit right coronary artery (RCA) was heavily calcified with severe stenosis in the mid and distal segments. Therefore, rotational atherectomy was performed for debulking, and four drug eluting stents were deployed in the RCA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful transradial rotablation percutaneous coronary intervention in acute STEMI in a patient with dextrocardia. We also did not use temporary pacemaker wire insertion (TPW) because of the risk of right ventricular perforation (RV) in inferior STEMI with RV involvement.
Ratio‐dependent predation in a field experiment with wasps
Authors: Spataro Thierry , Bacher Sven , Bersier Louis-Félix , Arditi Roger 
Published: December 2012

The functional response is a key component of trophic interactions since it quantifies the per capita rate of prey consumption. Determining whether this rate depends on the prey density only (which is the standard assumption), on both prey and predator densities, or simply on their ratio is essential to understand interacting populations. Several experiments have convincingly demonstrated ratio dependence but, with very few exceptions, they were conducted in laboratory conditions. The difficulty of collecting the required data (initial prey density, prey consumption, predator density) probably explains the lack of evidence from functional responses observed in natural systems. A field experiment was previously conducted with a paper wasp and its prey, shield beetle larvae. Both densities were manipulated and the prey consumption was measured. A first analysis led to the conclusion that the functional response of the wasps depended on both prey and predator densities but could not be considered being ratio dependent.Here, we perform an improved analysis of these data, making better justified assumptions and using more appropriate statistical methods. We fit several functional response models to the data and select the best one with information‐theoretic criteria. We also estimate the model parameters and their confidence intervals. This more reliable analysis significantly modifies the original conclusion. Both model selection and parameter estimation indicate that ratio dependence governs the functional response of paper wasps preying on shield beetles in the field. Therefore, ratio dependence is not a laboratory artefact and should be more systematically considered as a potential model for describing functional responses.
The struggle for liberation and visions of freedom perspectives in African films
Authors: Breitinger Eckhard 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In this paper, I will examine how films recreate memories of resistance and define, both visually and in film narration, the difference between imperial aggressors and local protagonists of resistance. The examples are taken from the Brazilian film Quilombo that describes the resistance of the 17th and 18th century Maroon communities against the onslaught of the Portuguese colonial powers (political and military). Med Hondo’s (Mauretania) Sarraounia deals with the resistance in West Africa against the Jihad of the Sokoto Fulani and the (in)famous French “exploratory” expedition under the command of Voulet. Both films are based on “real” histories as they were generally communicated from the colonialist perspective. And both films present themselves as counter-discursive revisions of history. The analysis in this paper focuses on the visual representation of the resistance heroes, first isolating them from the continuity of film narration in a type of still image, thus emphasizing the contrastive imagology between aggression and resistance. In the second step, aggressors and resistors are examined in terms of how they relate socially to their fellow combatants and to their communities. The obvious difference is that the aggressors have no immediate community to relate to socially or emotionally. Particular emphasis is put on the associative and symbolic meanings of the scenic setting, in which the antagonistic characters are placed.
An image of recurrent time: Notes on cinematic image and the gaze in Béla Tarr’s Sátántangó
Authors: Dudková Jana 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The article deals with Béla Tarr’s longest film Sátántangó and examines relations between image, time and ways of looking, comparing it to Lászlo Krasznahorkai’s 1985 eponymous novel on which the film was based. It reveals connections between episodes and shots in Sátántangó that lead to a conception of time that passes extremely slowly. It is recurrent—leading toward similar, repetitive situations—but at the same represents an inability to change. The image in this film is often conceived as it is mediated and Tarr frequently uses compositions involving ways of looking through some kind of optical device or a window. The only way of accessing reality is to look at it when there is no real opportunity, will or ability to intervene and change it. In this sense the article shows the relationship between the image of the fictional world of Sátántangó, inhabited by passive and demoralized characters, and the world of the film spectator and his or her relation to film image as such.
Subtle mise-en-scènes of the Middle Ages
Authors: Hlaváčová Anna 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In this paper the author compares the concept of a Noh play, Matsukaze, with a Slovak altar painting from Košice Cathedral. The article uses Japanese Noh, where stage continuity has been preserved up until the present day, to reconstruct European medieval stage practices reflected in 15th century painting. Referring to the platonic tradition, the second speech represents a corrective to the first, thus legitimizing a sense of passion in the process leading to catharsis, or enlightenment.
The reflection of negative social phenomena in contemporary opera practice
Authors: Mojžišová Michaela 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
There are two approaches that dominate contemporary opera performances. The first may be characterised as producing a subtle, aesthetic and stylistic means of expression. The second runs up visual, interpretation and content means to their maximum expressivity and the audience is exposed to violence, sex and experience disgust. This paper analyses specific productions by renowned European theatre and opera directors, in order to shed light on the way in which opera directors cope with the threat of terrorism, sexual violence, and the impact of the mass media upon the moral belief system of modern man. Within the context of the bold productions of European theatre-makers Slovak opera theatre seems conservative, gravitating towards the aesthetic aspect of opera.
Theatrical documentary of performance art
Authors: Podmaková Dagmar 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
M.H.L. is a theatrical production dedicated to the first Slovak professional female director Magda Husáková-Lokvencová, which combines documentary theatre and performance. Sláva Daubnerová wrote the script and scene concept and is director and plays the sole character in the play. She portrays the private and professional life of M.H.L. in a chronologically sequenced and mosaic-like fashion. M.H.L. is portrayed as an educated, broad-minded and intelligent woman who knows her own mind. She graduated in law and then took up theatre direction. Her private and professional life represented a series of ups and downs. Initially happy at the side of her husband, Gustáv Husák—successful early on as a politician, and flourishing in the theatre, she later had to struggle to survive and make a comeback to the theatre. Performer Daubnerová, enhanced the performance by using video art and sound design as important elements in the production.
Empowering the marginalized: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act in India
Authors: Vij Nidhi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Social protection programs have been an important part of development process and planning in India since its Independence. However, after sixty-five years, around one-fourth of its population lives in poverty. Despite a plethora of social protection programs, vulnerable groups among the poor have not been well targeted. However, the recent paradigm shift towards rights-based legislations may have hit the right chord with its self-targeting mechanism. The Right to Work, or the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) provided employment to almost 55 million households and spending nearly 8 billion US dollars in April 2010–March 2011. Participation of women and socially backward groups has been exceptionally high. This paper analyzes the policy provisions, implementation and monitoring mechanism of MGNEGA to argue that policy designs with legal enforceable mechanisms and collaborative governance systems can lead to empowerment of the marginalized sections.
AJEC @ 21
Authors: Kockel Ullrich , Narotzky Susana , Reed-Danahay Deborah 
Published: December 2012

AJEC @ 21: A Perspective from the Société Internationale d’Ethnologie et de Folklore (SIEF)AJEC @ 21: A Perspective from the European Association of Social Anthropologists (EASA)AJEC @ 21: A Perspective from the Society for the Anthropology of Europe (SAE)
Walking on Borderlines, Crossing Frontiers
Authors: Greverus Ina-Maria 
Published: December 2012

The history of the Anthropological Journal of European Cultures is told here as stories of boundary crossings between cultures of Europe and their overseas relationships: from the outset through developments and 'shifting grounds', to the present day. These stories have ranged from the Wall that divided nations to the vision and reality of European Unity. At the same time, the journal has sought to transcend boundaries between disciplines that, especially in Europe, have often remained attached to national and colonial traditions of monographic description of regions and tribes.Ethnography needs transnational and transdisciplinary discourses and comparison, without losing sight of fieldwork in situ and multiple sites, including from the perspective of the Other.'Anthropologising Europe' has been a key concern of the journal, as have the 'shifting grounds' of 'doing ethnography' in the context of globalisation that sediments places and spaces. Separations received much attention: of nations by the wall between capitalism and communism, in gender relations, or through national and regional bordering processes. But there were also the boundary transgressing utopias of a collage of hybrid society as poetic spark, in which the hybrid anthropologist, too, might feel at home in his or her various hermeneutic endeavours.