bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of radiosensitizing effect for magnetic hyperthermia‐radiation combined therapy on prostate cancer cells
Authors: Heo Dan , Lokeshwar Bal L. , Barrett John T. , Mostafaei Farshad , Kwon Sang‐Ho , Huh Chulhaeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic hyperthermia (MHT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in the field of radiation oncology due to its superior precision in controlling temperature and managing the heating area compared to conventional hyperthermia. Recent studies have proposed solutions to address clinical safety concerns associated with MHT, which arise from the use of highly concentrated magnetic nanoparticles and the strong magnetic field needed to induce hyperthermic effects. Despite these efforts, challenges remain in quantifying therapeutic outcomes and developing treatment plan systems for combining MHT with radiation therapy (RT).PurposeThis study aims to quantitatively measure the therapeutic effect, including radiation dose enhancement (RDE) in the magnetic hyperthermia‐radiation combined therapy (MHRT), using the equivalent radiation dose (EQD) estimation method.MethodsTo conduct EQD estimation for MHRT, we compared the therapeutic effects between the conventional hyperthermia‐radiation combined therapy (HTRT) and MHRT in human prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and LNCaP. We adopted a clonogenic assay to validate RDE and the radiosensitizing effect induced by MHT. The data on survival fractions were analyzed using both the linear‐quadradic model and Arrhenius model to estimate the biological parameters describing RDE and radiosensitizing effect of MHRT for both cell lines through maximum likelihood estimation. Based on these parameters, a new survival fraction model was suggested for EQD estimation of MHRT.ResultsThe newly designed model describing the MHRT effect, effectively captures the variations in thermal and radiation dose for both cell lines (R2 > 0.95), and its suitability was confirmed through the normality test of residuals. This model appropriately describes the survival fractions up to 10 Gy for PC3 cells and 8 Gy for LNCaP cells under RT‐only conditions. Furthermore, using the newly defined parameter r, the RDE effect was calculated as 29% in PC3 cells and 23% in LNCaP cells. EQDMHRT calculated through this model was 9.47 Gy for PC3 and 4.71 Gy for LNCaP when given 2 Gy and MHT for 30 min. Compared to EQDHTRT, EQDMHRT showed a 26% increase for PC3 and a 20% increase for LNCaP.ConclusionsThe proposed model effectively describes the changes of the survival fraction induced by MHRT in both cell lines and adequately represents actual data values through residual analysis. Newly suggested parameter r for RDE effect shows potential for quantitative comparisons between HTRT and MHRT, and optimizing therapeutic outcomes in MHRT for prostate cancer.
Novel chemokine biomarkers in melanoma†
Authors: Giubellino Alessio , Hamilton Sara E 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe melanoma tumor microenvironment is a complex milieu of cancer, inflammatory, and stromal cells. In this context, chemokines play a pivotal role in recruiting inflammatory cells and influence the tumor, exerting both pro‐tumorigenic and anti‐tumoral roles. Interactions between these cells is what ultimately hold together and transform the tumor into an efficient machine. A recent study found that chemokines CCL8, CCL15, and CCL20 were upregulated in melanoma cells when co‐cultured with macrophages and were associated with poor survival rates. CCL8 and CCL15 also stimulated melanoma cell growth, invasion, and metastasis, and were highly expressed in tumors prone to metastasize, suggesting these chemokines are attractive and independent biomarkers. Understanding the intricated interactions within the tumor microenvironment could lead to prognostic biomarkers and to the development of new therapeutic strategies for melanoma. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
The role of proactive therapeutic drug monitoring in guiding infliximab therapeutic optimization in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease: A retrospective study
Authors: Song Junya , Zhang Huihui , Zhang Huihua , Xu Ximing , Liang Xiaohua , Liu Yongfang , Song Xiaomei , Guo Hong , Zhan Xue , Song Jinlin , Zhou Xiaoqin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) plays an important role in guiding treatment plan adjustments and clinical outcomes in Crohn's disease. To evaluate the role of TDM‐guided optimization of infliximab dosage in patients with pediatric Crohn's disease. Medical records of patients with pediatric Crohn's disease who were treated with infliximab and had proactive TDM from June 2020 to June 2022 at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were included. Baseline influencing factors for infliximab trough concentration (TC) and clinical outcomes before and after the treatment change were analyzed to assess the value of adjusting treatment in the patients. Forty‐six patients (male‐to‐female ratio = 1.55:1, age <18 years) were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that hormone exposure (odds ratio: 0.042, 95% confidence interval: 0.002–0.924, p = 0.044), perianal lesions (5.813, 0.984–34.349, p = 0.052), simplified endoscopic score for Crohn's disease (1.656, 1.065–2.577, p = 0.025), and total protein (TP) (0.851, 0.749–0.967, p = 0.014) were correlated with infliximab TC. Shortening the treatment interval increased the infliximab TC (pre vs. post = 1.69 ± 0.8 vs. 12.03 ± 6.64, p = 0.001, n = 12) after 93.9 ± 37.47 days, decreased the pediatric Crohn's disease activity index and simplified endoscopic score for Crohn's disease, and increased the biochemical remission, clinical remission, endoscopic remission, and endoscopic response rates; however, there was no statistical significance. Hormone exposure, perianal lesions, simplified endoscopic score for Crohn's disease, and TP levels before the first infliximab use affected the infliximab TC. Shortening the treatment interval can improve infliximab TC levels and clinical outcomes.
Improving the value of school professionals as partners in efforts to enhance recognition of and responses to youth sex trafficking
Authors: Baker Matthew , Winks Kaitlin M. H. , Rood Corey J. , Quas Jodi A. , Williams Shanna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSex trafficking of minors is a significant problem across North America, with sizeable numbers of youth being directly or indirectly manipulated into being exploited or trafficked. Identification of these youth remains difficult, in part because of a lack of knowledge about common characteristics and in part because of victims' reluctance engaging with and trusting law enforcement enough to disclose their experiences. Given that many youth are trafficked during school‐aged years, school settings may represent an ideal location to target prevention and identification efforts, especially by health‐related school professionals, whose training, professional duties, and often positive relationships with youth may make the professionals trustworthy disclosure recipients. Whether such professionals are effective, though, depends on their knowledge of who is at risk for trafficking, characteristics that distinguish trafficking from other forms of harm, and effective questioning approaches to elicit disclosures from victimized youth. To document whether this knowledge exists, we surveyed 361 school‐based professionals concerning their ability to identify trafficking and knowledge of trafficking, adolescent development, and interviewing youth. Although nearly all (97%) school professionals recognized general student risk in the vignettes, only 18% identified that risk as trafficking. Professionals who had prior experience with trafficked youth were more likely to recognize trafficking than those without such experience. Finally, professionals evidenced some general knowledge about the existence of trafficking, adolescent development, and interviewing, but demonstrated more limited knowledge in the most common characteristics of trafficked minors and nuanced aspects of best‐practice questioning approaches. Results highlight important directions for training of school‐based professionals to improve prevention and identification of a highly vulnerable and often overlooked population of victims, namely trafficked minors.
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots against Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Abbas Zahraa Neamah , Abdullah Hanaa N. , Hallaji Zahra , Ranjbar Bijan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance occurs mostly through the ineffective and unauthorized use of antibiotics in both the environment and health care. Biofilms are a new target in the search for new antibacterial agents. Here, the sol‐gel method is used to produce zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO‐QDs). The ZnO‐QDs show yellow emission at 526 nm under 360 nm excitation. After that, the ability of ZnO‐QDs as an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is examined. The 100 samples are collected from patients with hospital‐acquired infections between December 2020 and October 2021 from Imamen Kadhmiyan Teaching Hospital in Baghdad (Iraq). Out of these 100 samples, 63 are S. aureus and 20 out of 63 are MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay demonstrates the antibacterial activity of ZnO‐QDs on MRSA strains. Also, results show that 80, 5, and 15% of isolated MRSA strains produce strong, moderate, and weak or very weak biofilm, respectively. The effect of ZnO‐QDs on strong and moderate biofilms reveal that QDs could also inhibit and destroy biofilm produced by MRSA. In addition, the antibiofilm effect of ZnO‐QDs is greater than their antibacterial effect. Generally, this work offers new insights into the development of antibacterial and antibiofilm nanomaterials.
Precision medicine approaches in epilepsy: A systematic review of genetic markers and personalized treatment strategies
Authors: Agarwal Aman , Kaur Ravneet , Ashfaque Faiza , Hadi Zeenat , Anis Muhammad Wajeeh , Ali Ahila , Ochani Simran , Hasibuzzaman Md. Al 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases globally. We conducted a systematic review of the genetic markers and personalized treatment strategies used in the precision medicine treatment of epilepsy. An exhaustive electronic search was carried out on PubMed and Google Scholar, spanning from inception up to June 2023 on epilepsy and biomarkers. A total of 45 articles from PubMed and 19 articles from Google Scholar were imported and screened based on studies that focused primarily on genetic markers and precision methods for epilepsy subtyping, treatment strategies, outcomes, and adverse effects. Reviews and studies not in English were excluded. Full‐text data extraction, coding, and analysis were carried out with Microsoft Excel. For the risk of bias assessment of the final included studies, the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist was used. A total of 19 studies were analyzed in the review. The SLC35A2 gene saw a reduction in seizure frequency with d‐galactose treatment while the KCNQ2 gene saw improvement with phenytoin, carbamazepine, and retigabine. GRIN2D gene saw varying improvements with memantine. KCNT1 gene saw improvement with only a combination of quinidine and topiramate, quinidine was not useful when used alone. Other studies involved the identification of different markers using gene and exome sequencing. These studies collectively provide a diverse range of insights into epilepsy, with variations in study design, sample size, age groups, and diagnostic criteria, highlighting the multifaceted nature of epilepsy research. These studies contribute to our understanding of epilepsy diagnosis and management in different clinical settings, however, there were some limitations such as QT prolongation was observed with specific medications and participant heterogeneity. Small sample sizes reduced statistical power and brief durations of studies limited their ability for long‐term analysis. Although most studies had a low risk of bias, two studies demonstrated some reporting bias. Fianlly, the absence of biomarkers is a limitation that impedes the study's capacity to explore underlying biological mechanisms.
Impact of obesity and roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass on the pharmacokinetics of (R)‐ and (S)‐omeprazole and intragastric pH
Authors: Pippa Leandro F. , Vozmediano Valvanera , Mitrov‐Winkelmolen Lieke , Touw Daan , Soliman Amira , Cristofoletti Rodrigo , Salgado Junior Wilson , de Moraes Natalia Valadares 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study employed physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamics (PBPK/PD) modeling to predict the effect of obesity and gastric bypass surgery on the pharmacokinetics and intragastric pH following omeprazole treatment. The simulated plasma concentrations closely matched the observed data from non‐obese, morbidly obese, and post‐gastric bypass populations. Obesity significantly reduces CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 activities, as reflected by the metabolic ratio [omeprazole sulphone]/[omeprazole] and [5‐hydroxy‐omeprazole]/[omeprazole]. The morbidly obese model accounted for the down‐regulation of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 to recapitulate the observed data. Sensitivity analysis showed that intestinal CYP3A4, gastric pH, small intestine bypass, and the delay in bile release do not have a major influence on omeprazole exposure. Hepatic CYP3A4 had a significant impact on the AUC of (S)‐omeprazole, while hepatic CYP2C19 affected both (R)‐ and (S)‐omeprazole AUC. After gastric bypass surgery, the activity of CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 is restored. The PBPK model was linked to a mechanism‐based PD model to assess the effect of omeprazole on intragastric pH. Following 40 mg omeprazole, the mean intragastric pH was 4.3, 4.6, and 6.6 in non‐obese, obese, and post‐gastric bypass populations, and the daily time with pH >4 was 14.7, 16.4, and 24 h. Our PBPK/PD approach provides a comprehensive understating of the impact of obesity and weight loss on CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 activity and omeprazole pharmacokinetics. Given that simulated intragastric pH is relatively high in post‐RYGB patients, irrespective of the dose of omeprazole, additional clinical outcomes are imperative to assess the effect of proton pump inhibitor in preventing marginal ulcers in this population.
The Task‐Sharing Path to Safe and Accessible Anaesthesia Care in India: The Role of Professional Associations in Health Policy Reform
Authors: Roy Nobhojit , Bhushan Pranav , Mohan Monali , Paonaskar Amal 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe worldwide anaesthesia workforce shortage is a concern and ‘shared responsibility’ for all the national or state anaesthetic societies and Ministries of Health. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery estimated the need for 143 million additional surgeries each year globally. These would be included in the World Health Organization's (WHO) 44 essential surgeries to be performed at district hospitals. However, insufficient availability of safe anaesthesia is a key barrier. The World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA) recommends at least five specialist physician‐anaesthesia providers per 100,000 population. India requires at least 60,000 additional physician‐anaesthesiologists over the next 10 years. This paper discusses the two‐decade journey of a policy initiative by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) in India to create a new category of a physician with Life Saving Anaesthetic Skills (LSAS). This addressed the shortage of anaesthetists specifically for the dire emergency obstetric situations at the First Referral hospitals. The annual training capacity for physicians for LSAS training was 40–100 in 5 of the poorest states of India, with the maximum shortages of anaesthetists. On following up a sample of 838 LSAS physicians, only about two‐thirds were able to practice their life‐saving skills. The MoHFW innovated further by pairing a physician trained in Emergency Obstetric Care with an LSAS‐physician (buddy‐pairing) as a functioning team. For comparison, we discuss the midwife model supported by the professional association of obstetricians in India. The flexible, ‘team‐based’ task‐sharing approach optimizes anaesthesia care within available resources. Leadership and vision from the professional societies of anaesthesiology are key to policy reform in India. National engagement can be facilitated through support for district‐level non‐specialist physician provider with life‐saving anaesthesia skills training, engagement in research and formulation of the national surgical and anaesthesia plans to achieve universal healthcare in India.
Is a more physical representation of aerosol chemistry needed for fog forecasting?
Authors: Bhowmik Moumita , Hazra Anupam , Ghude Sachin D. , Wagh Sandeep , Chowdhury Rituparna , Parde Avinash N. , Govardhan Gaurav , Gultepe Ismail , Rajeevan M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the changing climate, the study of fog formation is essential due to the impact of the complexity of natural and anthropogenic aerosols. The evolution of the droplet size distribution in the presence of different aerosol species remains poorly understood. To make progress towards reducing the uncertainty of fog forecasts, the Eulerian–Lagrangian particle‐based small‐scale model for the diffusional growth of droplets is used to better understand the droplet activation and growth. The small‐scale model simulations are performed using observed data from the Winter Fog Experiment study over Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi. The microphysical properties, such as droplet number concentrations (Nd) and liquid water content (LWC), important for fog simulation, are evaluated to gain more insights. The small‐scale simulations have shown the droplet microphysical properties at different evolutionary stages. The Nd and effective radius change with variations in LWC for different aerosol chemistries (i.e., organics, mix, and inorganic). The calculated visibility at small scale is also shown with the variation of Nd and LWC. This study compared visibility from an existing parametrization with parcel–direct numerical simulation calculation. The hygroscopicity , which is highly related to the activation of aerosols to condensation nuclei, is taken into account to demonstrate the contribution of aerosol chemistry to fog droplet formation. The results highlight that hygroscopicity is essential in the numerical model for fog and visibility prediction as the microphysical properties of fog are regulated by aerosol species.
A moisture budget perspective on Australian rainfall variability
Authors: Pariyar Sunil Kumar , Liguori Giovanni , Jakob Christian , Singh Martin S. , Reeder Michael J. , Barnes Michael A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRainfall variability over Australia is revisited from the viewpoint of the atmospheric moisture budgets in three regions: the extratropics, Subtropics, and Tropics. The budgets are calculated using three‐hourly European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) and ERA5‐Land data between 1979 and 2022. The use of the moisture budget at short time‐scales enables the investigation of the relationship between synoptic weather‐scale processes and the longer term variability of the rainfall climate. The total variability in the vertically integrated moisture flux divergence (VIMD) is significantly larger than the evaporation minus precipitation (E − P), to a large extent due to the sub‐daily time‐scales. E − P is related more closely to moisture flux convergence in winter (summer) over south (north) Australia, suggesting a clear seasonality in the relationship between the two budget terms. The E − P–VIMD relationship is nearly in phase in the Tropics, whereas VIMD leads E − P by 9–15 hr with eastward‐propagating signals in the extratropics and Subtropics. Such seasonal and regional discrepancies in the relationship are attributed to the background state of moisture availability and temperature as represented by relative humidity and lifting condensation levels. The variability of the budget imbalance and its seasonality are dominated by the variability in VIMD. The imbalance reduces rapidly with temporal smoothing, with the storage term approaching zero at approximately 20 days, which can be thought of as making a transition time‐scale from high‐frequency weather‐related variability into slow‐varying background conditions. Weather‐related variability (cyclones, fronts, and thunderstorms) dominates the overall E − P variability in the extratropics and Subtropics, whereas slow‐varying background conditions contribute equally to the total variability in the Tropics.
A Scalable Quantum Gate‐Based Implementation for Causal Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Kundu Akash , Acharya Tamal , Sarkar Aritra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, a scalable quantum gate‐based algorithm for accelerating causal inference is introduced. Specifically, the formalism of causal hypothesis testing presented in [Nat Commun 10, 1472 (2019)] is considered. Through the algorithm, the existing definition of error probability is generalized, which is a metric to distinguish between two competing causal hypotheses, to a practical scenario. The results on the Qiskit validate the predicted speedup and show that in the realistic scenario, the error probability depends on the distance between the competing hypotheses. To achieve this, the causal hypotheses are embedded as a circuit construction of the oracle. Furthermore, by assessing the complexity involved in implementing the algorithm's subcomponents, a numerical estimation of the resources required for the algorithm is offered. Finally, applications of this framework for causal inference use cases in bioinformatics and artificial general intelligence are discussed.
Highly precise community science annotations of video camera‐trapped fauna in challenging environments
Authors: Arandjelovic Mimi , Stephens Colleen R. , Dieguez Paula , Maldonado Nuria , Bocksberger Gaëlle , Després‐Einspenner Marie‐Lyne , Debetencourt Benjamin , Estienne Vittoria , Kalan Ammie K. , McCarthy Maureen S. , Granjon Anne‐Céline , Städele Veronika , Harder Briana , Hacker Lucia , Landsmann Anja , Lynn Laura K. , Pfund Heidi , Ročkaiová Zuzana , Sigler Kristeena , Widness Jane , Wilken Heike , Buzharevski Antonio , Goffe Adeelia S. , Havercamp Kristin , Luncz Lydia L. , Sirianni Giulia , Wessling Erin G. , Wittig Roman M. , Boesch Christophe , Kühl Hjalmar S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs camera trapping grows in popularity and application, some analytical limitations persist including processing time and accuracy of data annotation. Typically images are recorded by camera traps although videos are becoming increasingly collected even though they require much more time for annotation. To overcome limitations with image annotation, camera trap studies are increasingly linked to community science (CS) platforms. Here, we extend previous work on CS image annotations to camera trap videos from a challenging environment; a dense tropical forest with low visibility and high occlusion due to thick canopy cover and bushy undergrowth at the camera level. Using the CS platform Chimp&See, established for classification of 599 956 video clips from tropical Africa, we assess annotation precision and accuracy by comparing classification of 13 531 1‐min video clips by a professional ecologist (PE) with output from 1744 registered, as well as unregistered, Chimp&See community scientists. We considered 29 classification categories, including 17 species and 12 higher‐level categories, in which phenotypically similar species were grouped. Overall, annotation precision was 95.4%, which increased to 98.2% when aggregating similar species groups together. Our findings demonstrate the competence of community scientists working with camera trap videos from even challenging environments and hold great promise for future studies on animal behaviour, species interaction dynamics and population monitoring.