bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘We cannot live without our lives’
Authors: Grundy David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Emerging from a movement of Boston-area activism, the Combahee River Collective Statement of 1977 was formative for the much-misunderstood conception of ‘identity politics’. This chapter provides a new context for Combahee by emphasizing the role of poetry in their work, focusing on Audre Lorde’s poem ‘Need’, written in the context of a 1979 campaign sparked by a series of murders of Black women in the Boston area. At the turn of the decade, writer and activist Cherríe Moraga moved from San Francisco to Boston. The chapter’s second half turns to a touchstone of Third Wave Feminism, the anthology This Bridge Called My Back, co-edited by Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa in 1981, focusing on the work of Boston poet Kate Rushin, from whose work the anthology draws its title.
Migrant Journeys
Authors: Brinkmann Tobias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The perception of Jewish migrant journeys before 1914 has been shaped by the experience of Jewish flight from Nazi terror in the wake of the Holocaust. Even recent authors portray the journey as extremely difficult and as flight from persecution. However, a closer look at routine journeys before the First World War shows a different picture. Jewish migrants belonged to networks and exercised agency. They traveled together with others and could rely on detailed information provided by acquaintances. They benefited from facilitators who assisted them during the journey, ranging from smugglers at the border to Jewish aid workers. Jewish journalists, writers, and aid associations on both sides of the Atlantic published the experiences of average migrants to spread information about the journeys and to dispel stereotypical perceptions of migrants.
The First World War and Its Aftermath
Authors: Brinkmann Tobias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The First World War represents a watershed moment in the history of Jewish migration from and within Eastern Europe. The Russian military expelled over 700,000 Jews from their homes. More were displaced during the violent aftermath of the war across Eastern Europe. In 1918–1919 tens of thousands of Jews fell victim to pogroms instigated by Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian nationalists. Postwar migration restrictions, especially those passed by the U.S. Congress, hit Jews in and from Eastern Europe hard. With the collapse of the multiethnic empires in 1918 many Jews became stateless. As unwanted refugees or minorities Jews were fenced out of the postwar system of territorially defined nation-states in Eastern Europe. Jewish aid associations lost much of their leverage.
The Interwar Years
Authors: Brinkmann Tobias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The post-1918 refugee crisis which disproportionally affected Jews across Eastern Europe and the flight of German and Austrian Jews from Nazi terror during the 1930s are usually discussed in separate contexts. Yet both crises were closely connected. In the early 1920s Jews who had been displaced during or after the war faced closing doors wherever they turned. Some managed to reach the United States before the restrictive 1924 quota law took effect. In the wake of the Great Depression the few overseas countries that had been accessible severely restricted immigration. Efforts by Jewish aid associations to find alternative destinations for Jews from Eastern Europe beyond Western Europe and Palestine during the 1920s, especially in Latin America, saved many lives after 1933. The interwar period marks the beginning of scholarly attempts to understand migration as a social and economic phenomenon. Several Jewish scholars wrote pioneering accounts about migration processes.
Jewish Migrations or Wandering Jews?
Authors: Brinkmann Tobias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the 1940s, a decisive phase in the history of Jewish migrations. On the eve of the Holocaust, several later influential authors of studies about Jewish and general migration reached New York. Their personal flight from Nazi persecution provides background for a discussion of two contrasting “resettlement” plans developed by academics on behalf of the Nazi regime and the Roosevelt administration during the war. Jewish scholars made substantial contributions to the American “M Project.” During the Holocaust the view that throughout history Jewish migrations were primarily the result of persecution became influential. Among the critics of this hypothesis was Eugene Kulischer, one of the founding figures of modern migration studies. In 1943 he coined the term “displaced persons.”
Conclusion
Authors: Brinkmann Tobias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The conclusion discusses whether Jews leaving Eastern Europe should be categorized as migrants or refugees. Most Jews (and others) on the move elude these shifting categorizations, which frequently overlap. A more useful avenue to assess the experience of migrants is the degree of agency they can exercise. The experiences of migrants and refugees in the contemporary world resembles that of Jewish migrants and refugees before the 1950s. The experience of Jews fleeing persecution influenced the adoption of asylum clauses by several states after the Holocaust. Yet unintentionally the right of asylum status excludes a large number of people who are categorized as “undeserving economic migrants,” even though they often are fleeing crime-ridden societies in failing states or natural disasters.
The Global Dimension of Children’s Environmental Health
Authors: Etzel Ruth A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries, new environmental hazards associated with urbanization and industrialization are superimposed on traditional environmental risk factors such as scarce food, contaminated water, polluted air, lack of sanitation, inadequate garbage disposal, and inadequate housing. Children therefore face a double burden of environmental disease because they are exposed to threats related to underdevelopment as well as to the emerging problems associated with uncontrolled and rapid industrial development. More than one-third of the global burden among children is due to preventable risk factors in the environment. In the world’s poorest countries, up to 80% of the burden of disease in children under 5 is of environmental origin. Since 1999, the World Health Organization has taken a leadership role in children’s environmental health, and a large number of international agreements emphasize the importance of protecting children from environmental threats.
The Home Environment
Authors: Brazeal Miranda , Jacobs David E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Housing plays a crucial role in all aspects of childhood health. Inadequate housing can contribute to childhood asthma and injury, be the source of pediatric lead poisoning, and be the locus of exposure to a range of toxic chemicals and carcinogens. Many experts argue that inadequate housing is fundamentally a child health problem and that the various diseases associated with poor housing are symptoms of this root cause. This chapter focuses on aspects of the home environment that influence the physical health of children and other building occupants: conditions such as asbestos, lead and mold; chemical exposures such as pesticides, cleaning materials, toys, arts and crafts, cosmetics, and radon; drinking water; and indoor air pollution in the home. The chapter argues that piecemeal models for addressing residential hazards that focus on only one disease or exposure at a time are no longer adequate. Instead, a new, more holistic and systematic approach is needed if issues of housing and health are to be fully integrated.
Access to Nature and Child Health
Authors: Nerlinger Abby , Bole Aparna , Tandon Pooja Sarin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Children today have much less contact with nature and spend substantially more time indoors than children of generations past. Drivers of this trend include suburban sprawl, which diminishes children’s ability to access wild places; heightened parental concern about the safety of outdoor play spaces; increased time spent indoors doing school work; and the attractions of television and, more recently, computers and video games. To examine the question of whether contact with nature enhances children’s physical health or cognitive and emotional development, research has begun to emerge in various domains. Thus metabolism researchers have hypothesized that green play spaces may help reduce childhood obesity by widening the range of physical activities beyond those provided by the conventional, built playground. Stronger evidence for the benefits of contact with nature is provided by studies of cognitive and emotional development. These studies find that contact with nature seems to promote children’s powers of observation, creativity, sense of peace and connection to the world, and capacity for caring. While more quantitative studies will be useful, the existing research suggests that experience with nature promotes children’s cognitive and emotional development and that it should therefore be encouraged.
Biodiversity and Children’s Health
Authors: Martin Keith 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Despite the vital, life-supporting functions biodiversity provides, human activity is destroying it at a nearly unprecedented rate. The planet is in the midst of a sixth extinction crisis. It is estimated that 1 million of Earth’s 8.7 million species are at risk of disappearing, a rate of loss 1,000 times greater than what would normally be expected. The Earth is not only losing species, but there is also a massive reduction in the number of individuals within a species and their size. Overall, wildlife populations (excluding humans) have plummeted by 68% over the past 50 years. This is a massive, global loss of nonhuman biomass. Plummeting biodiversity, along with climate change, represent two existential threats to child health and security. Unlike climate change though, extinction is forever. Once a species disappears, it cannot come back. Because humans barely understand the interrelationships between species, the loss of a single species can have profound impacts on the web of life, creating downstream effects across entire ecosystems. Since biodiversity also regulates the climate, freshwater circulation, and weather patterns, species losses affect many aspects of child health.
Arsenic Exposure in Children
Authors: Signes-Pastor Antonio J. , Wu Fen , Farzan Shohreh F. , Chen Yu , Karagas Margaret R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Arsenic is a human carcinogen and neurotoxicant. Consumption of arsenic-contaminated groundwater is a major source of human exposure worldwide. Groundwater contamination, most of it from natural sources, has been reported in regions of South Asia and Taiwan as well as South and North America among others. Exposure commonly occurs through diet, including rice and rice products fed to babies and young children. Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic in early development, especially exposure in utero, is associated with neurodevelopmental, respiratory, cardiovascular reproductive, and long-term cancer outcomes. Prevention of exposure to arsenic in well water can be achieved via comprehensive well testing, promotion of switching to uncontaminated wells, provision of filtration devices, and utilization of deeper aquifers that are low in arsenic. Agricultural and food processing practices along with dietary choices can limit arsenic exposure via diet. Such interventions combined with policy and practice actions are urgently needed to protect children lifelong.
Chemical Obesogens and Obesity
Authors: Merrill Michele La , Chatzi Leda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in children and adolescents worldwide. High-calorie diets, insufficient physical activity, poorly designed built environments, and genetic susceptibility are all well-established risk factors for obesity. Chemical obesogens—hormonally active, toxic chemicals that disrupt energy metabolism in the body—appear to be an additional, relatively newly recognized risk factor for childhood obesity. Suspected chemical obesogens include maternal smoking during pregnancy, bisphenol A, dioxins, and organochlorine pesticides such as DDT. Exposures to these chemicals during prenatal life and early infancy are of greatest concern. This chapter examines epidemiological and toxicological data relating to suspected chemical obesogens. It reviews the possible mechanisms by which toxic chemicals may increase risk of obesity. The authors present a strategy for prevention of exposures to known and suspected chemical obesogens.
The Environment and Kidney Disease in Children
Authors: Weidemann Darcy K. , Fadrowski Jeffrey J. , Weaver Virginia M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
High-level, acute exposures to a number of toxic chemicals in the environment are known to cause injury to the kidneys in children. Ingestion of melamine-contaminated milk has, for example, been linked to increased incidence of urinary stones in children. The Fanconi syndrome may develop in children with acute, high-dose lead poisoning. Chronic, lower-level exposures to nephrotoxicants may increase risk for chronic kidney disease or accelerate its progression. Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Recognition and mitigation of known environmental risk factors for chronic kidney disease is essential, especially in childhood when the early antecedents of chronic kidney disease may occur. This chapter reviews the evidence implicating various chemicals as nephrotoxicants and as risk factors for chronic kidney disease in environmentally exposed children and adolescents. Strategies for screening of susceptible populations, follow-up testing, and medical management of toxic exposures are discussed.
Public Policy on Children’s Environmental Health in Africa
Authors: Amegah A. Kofi , Sewor Christian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A child’s future is determined by its environment, with early-life exposures impacting on adult health owing to fetal programming and early growth potentially being altered by environmental risk factors. A number of multicountry studies conducted in Africa and global systematic reviews have associated household and outdoor environmental conditions with child undernutrition, illnesses, and survival. While epidemiological evidence on the adverse child health effects of deplorable environmental conditions in Africa is increasing, very little progress have been made in the area of development and implementation of national policies to address children’s environmental health problems on the continent. This chapter discusses the programs being developed by African governments to further the health of children.
Conclusion
Authors: Cohan Steven 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The brief conclusion reminds readers why Audrey Hepburn was so immediately popular after her breakout roles in Roman Holiday and Sabrina. It discusses why she had such a crucial influence on women’s fashions, why she received so much acclaim and award recognition as an actress in the US and abroad, and why she represented difference and a type of otherness that disrupted postwar gender orthodoxies. These effects no doubt appealed to spectators, accounting for her immense fan base. The conclusion goes on to speculate about the significance of her films and persona today, and it ends with thoughts about a queer reception of Breakfast at Tiffany’s and The Nun’s Story.
What’s the Perfect Schedule of Breaks?
Authors: Gebrian Molly 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents important principles to consider when crafting a schedule of spaced practice. It discusses the principle of the forgetting curve, which demonstrates that new information is forgotten more quickly than well-learned information. The ideal length of time for breaks, therefore, is dependent on how new the material is and also the amount of time between the initial practice session and the final performance. Based on these considerations, this chapter also presents a sample schedule to use as a template. Musicians can use this, as well as the principles presented in this chapter, to craft their own spaced practice schedule, suited to their unique needs.
Conclusion
Authors: Gebrian Molly 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Barriers to effective practice often include time management challenges, inability to focus, and a lack of motivation. This chapter discusses each of these issues, with various ideas and perspectives on how to tackle them. Motivation in particular is often due to a difficulty in simply getting started, and so implementing systems to remove this barrier are presented. The use of a practice journal to greatest effect is also discussed to help with implementing the ideas presented in this book. This final chapter contains suggestions to help readers get started in incorporating information from this book into a new, more effective way of practicing.
Accounting Earnings and Stock Prices
Authors: Frankel Richard M. , Kothari S. P. , Zuo Luo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the relation between accounting earnings and stock prices in an uncertain world where earnings are deterministically related to cash flows and price is related to discounted future cash flows. We also describe the ideas that gave rise to research on these relations, including positive economics theory and the efficient market hypothesis. This reduced-form analysis takes earnings as given. It does not seek to understand the costs and benefits that shape earnings characteristics. It also ignores the equilibrium choices of actors that might produce earnings in a competitive world with information asymmetry and incentive conflicts. Still, understanding these reduced-form, valuation-based relations remains relevant because research continues to estimate variants of this research design to test economic stories.
In the Land of Ninkasi
Authors: Paulette Tate 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the Land of Ninkasi: A History of Beer in Ancient Mesopotamia tells the story of the world's first great beer culture. It provides a close-up look at the beers of ancient Mesopotamia and the people who brewed and drank them. The book takes readers on a journey across the famous “land between the rivers” to visit the breweries, houses, taverns, temples, and tombs where beer was produced and consumed. It explains how beer was brewed and the brewing equipment employed. It also explores the stories that people told about beer, their preferred styles of drinking, the beer-drinking gods and goddesses that governed their lives, and the modern brewers who have brought their beverages back to life. This authoritative but light-hearted account weaves together insights drawn from archaeological remains, ancient works of art, and cuneiform texts in order to pull the reader, step-by-step, into the process of analysis and interpretation.
Beer in world history
Authors: Paulette Tate 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe chapter “Beer in World History” situates Mesopotamia within the world history of beer. It begins with a look at the site of Göbekli Tepe in southeastern Turkey, where excavations have uncovered a 12,000-year-old ritual center with evidence for massive feasting events and possibly some of the world’s earliest beer. This site has reignited interest in the “bread vs. beer” debate and especially the hypothesis that the motivation behind cereal domestication was not food but drink. The chapter then provides the reader with a general overview of the basic principles behind beer and the global diversity of beer-brewing traditions. There has been a tendency to treat the history of beer as the history of one particular variety of beer: the barley-based beers flavored with hops that are familiar to many drinkers today. This chapter describes a past (and present) beer scene that is much richer and more diverse.
Drinkers and drinking practices
Authors: Paulette Tate 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe chapter “Drinkers and Drinking Practices” addresses two questions: How did people drink beer in ancient Mesopotamia? And who drank beer? The chapter begins with a close look at the tomb of Puabi, an early queen interred in a lavish burial chamber in the Royal Cemetery of Ur. Puabi’s tomb included abundant drinking equipment and three cylinder seals depicting banquet scenes. Nearby, the so-called Great Death Pit preserved evidence for funerary rites that included large-scale human sacrifice and further cylinder seals bearing banquet scenes. Building on this famous evidence from Ur, the chapter then explores the question of how drinkers drank. It uses both artistic evidence and archaeological remains to consider, first, the drinking of beer through straws and, second, the drinking of beer from cups. The chapter then turns to the question of who drank beer, focusing in particular on issues of gender, status, and age.
The Rise and Rule of Xi Jinping (2012–present)
Authors: Chan Alfred L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the salient characteristics of Xi Jinping’s controversial governance record as China’s paramount leader since 2012. It explores Xi’s checkered childhood and adolescence experience, his long slog to the top, his Leninist approach to leadership and governance, and his disciplining of the Party. Issues explored include Xi’s regime goals such as the China Dream, common prosperity, comprehensive national security, anti-corruption, and poverty alleviation. Instead of repeating the conventional narrative of “oppression at home and aggression abroad,” this chapter employs the comparative social scientific literature to provide a more contextualized and nuanced analysis of the realist and liberal strands of Xi’s foreign policy views, the advantages and drawbacks of the Chinese system, and the nature of Xi’s power. Other key issues addressed include the role of Chinese Communist Party leadership, legitimacy, democracy, and political development.
Distinguishing Domain-Relevant Information From Bias and Noise
Authors: De Los Reyes Andres 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 10 of Discrepant Results in Mental Health Research articulates measurement validation strategies surrounding the selection and implementation of analytic procedures and study design features. The chapter emphasizes those procedures and features that allow for detecting valid data in both converging results and discrepant results. The analytic procedures reviewed (e.g., polynomial regression, latent class analyses) allow for modeling both kinds of results. These procedures also allow researchers to determine the incremental value of converging results and discrepant results when predicting validity criteria. Relatedly, the chapter reviews study design features that allow researchers to rule out measurement confounds—in particular, criterion contamination and the naming fallacy—when interpreting links between patterns of converging and discrepant results and validity criteria.
Clinical Utility
Authors: De Los Reyes Andres 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 14 of Discrepant Results in Mental Health Research introduces the concept of clinical utility. The chapter defines clinical utility and distinguishes it from other psychometric properties (e.g., reliability, validity). The chapter also describes recent work on clinical utility that fuses the concept with bodies of work in implementation science, namely measurement-based care. The chapter then delineates a measurement-based care approach to clinical utility. The chapter also describes how research on discrepant results informs a measurement-based care approach to clinical utility. The chapter illustrates how patterns of discrepant results inform the development of paradigms that frame these results as valuable feedback for partners involved in service delivery, such as therapists and clients. This feedback has the potential to support service delivery in various ways, including making assessment data more feasible to collect, improving communication between therapists and clients, and improving client outcomes.