bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fact, Imagination, and Memory in Horace: Odes 1.9
Authors: Catlow Laurence 
Published: July 2013

Horace's Soracte Ode is a difficult poem. It begins in winter, apparently in the countryside, and concludes with the sketch of an urban incident in summer (or spring). This seeming inconsistency has provoked widely divergent critical comment. E. Fraenkel sums up one approach:We like the Ode because it contains several passages of great beauty, among them some happy adaptations of Alcaean motifs. But we have to admit that as a whole the poem falls short of the perfection reached by Horace in many of his odes. Its heterogeneous elements have not merged into a harmonious unit. Line 18, nunc et campus et areae and what follows suggest a season wholly different from the severe winter at the beginning. This incongruity cannot be removed by any device of apologetic interpretation.
The Philosopher and the Cave
Authors: Davies J. C. 
Published: July 2013

In the Republic (519 E ff.), having finished his account of the education of the philosopher king, and having described the ideal life of pure contemplation in the Simile of the Cave, Plato makes Socrates say:Then it will be our function as founders, I said, to compel the best natures to undertake the study which we previously declared to be the highest, to observe the good, and to make that ascent we mentioned, and when they have done so and looked their fill, then we must not allow them that freedom which they now possess.
Effects of straw incorporation onRhizoctonia solaniinoculum in paddy soil and rice sheath blight severity
Authors: ZHU H. , WANG Z. X. , LUO X. M. , SONG J. X. , HUANG B. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYIncorporation of rice straw into soil has traditionally been an important method of recycling nutrients and improving soil productivity. Currently, although the effects of straw incorporation on disease severity have been documented, the dynamics of the pathogen in soil after straw incorporation are poorly understood. In the present study, rice straw with various proportions of diseased straw was incorporated at three separate locations (SuPu town, SuSong County and FengYang County) in Anhui province, China. The pathogen dynamics in paddy soil and disease severity of sheath blight during two continuous years from April 2010 to April 2012 were investigated. For all three locations, the amount of pathogen inoculum that persisted in the soil increased with increases in the proportion of diseased straw incorporated. Incorporation of 0·3 and 0·5 diseased straw into soil increased the amount of pathogen inoculum in the soil significantly, whereas incorporation of 0·1 diseased straw into soil had no significant effect on the pathogen inoculum compared with the control (no straw incorporated) or disease severity. Incorporation of healthy rice straw (no disease) resulted in a significant decrease in disease severity, whereas proportions of 0·3 and 0·5 diseased straw resulted in a significant increase of disease severity compared with the control. These results suggested that incorporation of diseased straw enhanced pathogen numbers in soil during the whole decomposition period and increased disease severity. To avoid soil-borne disease accumulation, severely diseased straw should be removed from the field or pre-treated before incorporation.
Effect of discharge voltage on bi-Maxwellian electrons in the diffusion plasma region of a double plasma device
Authors: MISHRA M. K. , PHUKAN A. , CHAKRABORTY M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe effect of discharge voltage on bi-Maxwellian electrons in the diffusion region of a double plasma device has been studied. The increase in discharge voltage enhances the flux of ionizing electrons to the diffusion region separated by a mesh grid. This energetic electron flux in turn affects other important parameters such as density, electron temperature, plasma potential and floating potential in the diffusion region. Furthermore, the dependence of density and temperature of both ionizing and plasma electrons on discharge voltage is investigated. The electron energy probability function obtained from probe data also indicates the bi-Maxwellian nature of electrons.
Temporal and farm-management-associated variation in faecal pat prevalence ofArcobacterspp. in ruminants
Authors: GROVE-WHITE D. H. , LEATHERBARROW A. J. H. , CRIPPS P. J. , DIGGLE P. J. , FRENCH N. P. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYIn a 2-year longitudinal study of adult animals on 15 dairy farms and four sheep farms in Lancashire, UK,Arcobacterspp. were isolated from all farms although not at every sampling occasion. Faecal samples were collected and cultured using standard techniques for isolation of campylobacters. Assignment to species was via PCR assays. Apparent prevalence ofArcobacterspp. was higher in dairy cattle compared to sheep (40·1%vs.8%,P < 0·001) and in housed cattle compared to cattle at pasture (50·1%vs.20·9%,P < 0·001). This was reflected in the higher prevalence observed in herds that were housed (n = 4) all year compared to herds that grazed cattle on pasture in the summer and housed cattle in the winter (n = 11) (55·5%vs. 36%,P < 0·001). In the case of sheep, peak prevalence was observed in autumn with increased prevalence also being associated with improving pasture quality. There was an apparent inverse association between the faecal pat prevalence ofArcobacterspp. andCampylobacter jejunialthough this may in part be an artefact of laboratory test method sensitivity, whereby a relative increase in the frequency of one bacterial species would reduce the sensitivity of detecting the other.
The reliability and relative validity of a diet index score for 4–11-year-old children derived from a parent-reported short food survey
Authors: Hendrie Gilly A , Viner Smith Elizabeth , Golley Rebecca K 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reliability and relative validity of a diet index score derived from a Short Food Survey (SFS).DesignThe thirty-eight-item SFS was designed to assess recent dietary intake of 4–11-year-olds to enable calculation of the Dietary Guideline Index for Children and Adolescents. Reliability was assessed based on two online administrations of the SFS, one week apart. Relative validity was assessed by comparing intakes derived from the SFS with those from the mean of three 24 h recalls. Intra-class correlations, Bland–Altman plots and estimated biases were assessed. Cohen's κ coefficients were used to determine the level of agreement between the two methods.SettingAdelaide, Australia.SubjectsSixty-three parents reported on their children's intake (mean age 7·1 (sd 2·1) years).ResultsThe intra-class correlation for reliability ranged from 0·43 for dairy foods to 0·94 for beverages, and was 0·92 for total diet index score (all P < 0·01). The intra-class correlation for validity ranged from 0·04 for meat and alternatives to 0·41–0·44 for fruit, beverages and extra foods, and was 0·44 for the total diet index score. The SFS overestimated the mean diet index score by 16 %, and the bias was consistent across levels of compliance. The percentage agreement into tertiles of index scores was 84% between the administrations of the two SFS, but only 43 % when comparing the SFS with the mean of the recalls.ConclusionsThe SFS can provide a consistent estimate of overall compliance to dietary guidelines for children aged 4–11 years, but overestimated the total diet index score by 16 % across all levels of compliance.
Biphasic effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on brain stimulation reward and motor activity
Authors: Katsidoni Vicky , Kastellakis Andreas , Panagis George 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, has led to equivocal results when tested with the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure or the open-field test for motor activity, two behavioural models for evaluating the reward-facilitating and locomotor stimulating effects of drugs of abuse, respectively. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of high and low doses of Δ9-THC were compared in the ICSS procedure and the open-field test. Moreover, the involvement of CB1 receptors in tentative Δ9-THC-induced effects was investigated by pre-treating the animals with the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A (rimonabant). The results obtained show that low doses of Δ9-THC induce opposite effects from high doses of Δ9-THC. Specifically, 0.1 mg/kg Δ9-THC decreased ICSS thresholds and produced hyperactivity, whereas 1 mg/kg increased ICSS thresholds and produced hypoactivity. Both effects were reversed by pre-treatment with SR141716A, indicating the involvement of CB1 receptors on these actions. Altogether, our results indicate that Δ9-THC can produce acute activating effects in locomotion that coincide with its reward-facilitating effects in the ICSS paradigm. The present findings provide further support that Δ9-THC induces behaviours typical of abuse and substantiate the notion that marijuana resembles other drugs of abuse.
Bacterial communities in Fe/Mn films, sulphate crusts, and aluminium glazes from Swedish Lapland: implications for astrobiology on Mars
Authors: Marnocha Cassandra L. , Dixon John C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRock coatings have been observed on Mars by Mars Pathfinder, Viking and the Mars Exploration Rovers. Although rock varnish has been studied for its potential as a biosignature, other types of rock coating have been largely ignored. In Kärkevagge, Swedish Lapland, sulphate crusts, aluminium glazes and Fe/Mn films occur with mineralogies mimicking those observed on the surface of Mars. Molecular analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the bacterial communities associated with these rock coatings. Molecular techniques revealed differences in community structure and metabolisms associated with the production of secondary minerals between the three coating types. SEM analysis showed evidence of encrustation in mineral coatings in the Fe/Mn films and aluminium glazes, and evidence of abundant microbial communities in all three coating types. These observations provide evidence for bacterial participation in the genesis of rock coatings. For astrobiology on Mars, rock coatings are an attractive biosignature target scientifically and logistically: they are surface environments easily accessible by rovers, endoliths are afforded protection from surface conditions, and evidence of life could potentially be preserved through biomineralization and lithification. This study describes the bacterial communities from rock coatings compatible with martian mineralogy, explores the potential for biologically facilitated rock-coating formation, and supports rock coatings as targets of astrobiological interest on Mars.
Biology and management of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus.
Authors: Giblin-Davis R. M. , Faleiro J. R. , Jacas J. A. , Peña J. E. , Vidyasagar P. S. P. V. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the research developed during the last century on different aspects of the red palm weevil R. ferrugineus, including latest findings on its biology, morphotaxonomy, geographical distribution, economic impact and management and prevention options, including chemical, biological, cultural, biotechnological and legal/regulatory controls as well as sanitation. Future areas of research are mentioned.
Fruit flies Anastrepha ludens (Loew), A. obliqua (Macquart) and A. grandis (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae): three pestiferous tropical fruit flies that could potentially expand their range to temperate areas.
Authors: Birke A. , Guillén L. , Midgarden D. , Aluja M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

This chapter concentrates on three pestiferous Anastrepha species considered highly polyphagous and identified as potential exotic invaders: A. ludens, A. obliqua and A. grandis. It provides a comprehensive overview of the published information on these three species to aid further research efforts and to facilitate decision-making processes in the areas of management and regulatory entomology. Emphasis is given on recent studies of behaviour, especially those related to oviposition and host selection (and use), life history (including variation on the duration of larval development according to type of host), ecology and population dynamics. This review also discusses traditional control methods such as field sanitation, chemical and biological control, sterile insect technique, more recent efforts on biorational management and use of new tools. Short- and long-term research needs are considered.
Gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) attacking horticultural crops in the Caribbean region and South America.
Authors: Goldsmith J. , Castillo J. , Clarke-Harris D. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Gall midges are a major problem of horticultural crops (tomatoes, potatoes, asparagus, pepper) in the Caribbean region and in South America. This chapter describes the hot pepper (Capsicum chinense) gall midge (HPGM) classified as Contarinia spp., undetermined species, and Prodiplosis longifila. Information is given on their distribution, biology, life history, host range, seasonality, damage, sampling and monitoring techniques, rearing, and control (including chemical, biological and quarantine methods).
Planococcus minor (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): bioecology, survey and mitigation strategies.
Authors: Roda A. , Francis A. , Kairo M. T. K. , Culik M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

This chapter describes the host range, economic impact, pest status, origin and distribution, molecular identification, biology, life history, rearing techniques, sampling and monitoring, damage and economic thresholds, and control tactics (including chemical, biological, ant control, mating disruption, mass trapping, lure and kill, cultural, physical, mechanical, quarantine, and host plant resistance) of Planococcus minor.
Recent adventive scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) and whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Florida and the Caribbean region.
Authors: Stocks I. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

This chapter focuses on recent invasions of scales (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) and whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) as a result of international trade among Florida and the countries and territories that comprise the Caribbean region. The data presented in table format are derived primarily from the extensive database maintained by the Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, and ScaleNet, an online database that endeavours to maintain an exhaustive compendium of literature pertaining to scale insects. ScaleNet offers numerous database search options that enable the user to 'data-mine' under various parameters, such as distribution, host and literature citation information. Other information presented is derived from the primary literature, especially Miller et al. (2005), which is an excellent synopsis of the adventive Coccoidea fauna of the USA.
Estimating the Causal Effect of Conduct Disorder on the Time from First Substance Use to Substance Use Disorders Using G-Estimation
Authors: Sung Minje , Erkanli Al , Jane Costello E. 
Published: July 2013

Background The effect of conduct disorder (CD) as a major risk factor of substance use disorder (SUD), controlling for other psychiatric problems, has been well established in the literature. However, other psychiatric problems are associated as confounders with an increased risk of SUD. When confounding exists, the use of the standard survival analysis approach would lead to a biased estimate of the effect of a time-varying exposure on the time to event. Methods The authors used a G-estimation approach to estimate the causal effect of CD while controlling for time-varying confounders. Results The present study ( N = 1420) found a substantial difference in the estimated hazard ratio of CD (4.49 vs. 1.93) when the results from G-estimation and Cox regression were compared. Conclusions G-estimation fixed the problem of underestimating the hazard ratio of conduct disorder (CD) while controlling for all measured covariates.
Social Movements and the Bolivian State: Anarchistic Trends in Practice and Theory
Authors: Carrière April 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Latin America’s remarkable history of contentious politics has long been theorized through liberal, Marxist and post-Marxist paradigms of state-based social change. These paradigms follow a logic of hegemony by either pursuing a strategy of demand and integration within the current hegemonic system, or by seeking state power to reverse the relationship between the oppressed and their oppressors. Focusing on the Bolivian context, the paper explores how the dominance of these paradigms has had the effect of obscuring many non-hegemonic indigenous movements, tactics and practices which seek to escape the logic of hegemony – of reform/revolution – altogether. The paper then explores the affinity between major concepts of postanarchist philosophy and the way that these non-hegemonic movements, tactics and practices have been posited as the source of Bolivian collective capacity for mobilization and resistance by Bolivian politicians and activists, as well as students of Bolivia.
Flux balance impact degree: a new definition of impact degree to properly treat reversible reactions in metabolic networks
Authors: Zhao Yang , Tamura Takeyuki , Akutsu Tatsuya , Vert Jean-Philippe 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Metabolic pathways are complex systems of chemical reactions taking place in every living cell to degrade substrates and synthesize molecules needed for life. Modeling the robustness of these networks with respect to the dysfunction of one or several reactions is important to understand the basic principles of biological network organization, and to identify new drug targets. While several approaches have been proposed for that purpose, they are computationally too intensive to analyze large networks, and do not properly handle reversible reactions.
Results: We propose a new model—the flux balance impact degree—to model the robustness of large metabolic networks with respect to gene knock-out. We formulate the computation of the impact of one or several reaction blocking as linear programs, and propose efficient strategies to solve them. We show that the proposed method better predicts the phenotypic impact of single gene deletions on Escherichia coli than existing methods.
Availability: https://sunflower.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp/∼tyoyo/fbid/index.html
Contact: takutsu@kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp or Jean-Philippe.Vert@mines.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Regulation of aldosterone biosynthesis by the Kir3.4 (KCNJ5) potassium channel
Authors: Velarde‐Miranda Carolina , Gomez‐Sanchez Elise P , Gomez‐Sanchez Celso E 
Published: July 2013

Summary

The G‐protein‐activated inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir3.4 is expressed in the zona glomerulosa cell membrane and transports potassium out of the cell.

Angiotensin II stimulation of aldosterone secretion is mediated, in part, by suppression of the transcription of KCNJ5, the gene coding for Kir3.4, and blocking channel activity. This results in membrane depolarization, mobilization of intracellular calcium, activation of the calcium–calmodulin pathway and increasing gene transcription of steroidogenic enzymes required for aldosterone secretion.

In 40–60% of aldosterone‐producing adenomas there is a somatic mutation in the region of the KCNJ5 gene that codes for the selectivity filter that decreases potassium selectivity, allowing sodium to leak into the cells, thus depolarizing the membrane and initiating events that result in increased aldosterone synthesis.

The mechanism by which mutated KCNJ5 induces cell proliferation and adenoma formation remains unclear.
Trends in PCI Volume after Negative Results from the COURAGE Trial
Authors: Howard David H. , Shen Yu‐Chu 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo describe trends in the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) following the COURAGE trial, which found that medical therapy is as effective as PCI for patients with stable angina.Data SourcesWe used the National Hospital Discharge Survey; inpatient and outpatient discharge data from Florida, Maryland, and New Jersey; and the English Hospital Episode Statistics database.Study DesignWe report trends in PCI volume by diagnosis (stable angina vs. unstable angina or AMI) before and after publication of the COURAGE trial.Principal FindingsThe number of PCIs in patients without a diagnosis of AMI or unstable angina in Florida, Maryland, and New Jersey declined from 48,000 in 2006 to 40,000 in 2008 (−17 percent). There was no change in the number of PCIs in patients with a diagnosis of AMI. We observed similar patterns in U.S. community hospitals. PCI volume did not decline in England.ConclusionsPCI volume declined after publication of the COURAGE trial. The experience of the COURAGE trial suggests that comparative effectiveness research can lead to cost‐saving changes in medical practice patterns. However, there are many patients with stable coronary disease who continue to receive PCI post‐COURAGE.
Blending Group and Practice Site Scores to Increase the Reliability of Physician Quality Information
Authors: Rogers William H. , Thornton Kristy , von Glahn Ted 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo use an empirical Bayesian approach, blending practice, and group quality data with physician results to increase the accuracy of quality of care measures.Data SourcesPerformance data on diabetes glycemic screening for 8,357 physicians collected from multiple payers as part of a statewide physician performance reporting initiative.Study DesignA variance components analysis assessed the strength of group, practice, and physician effects compared with random error. We derived formulas to describe reliability and measurement error variances and calculated the optimal blend of physician, practice, and group data. We constructed a simulation to show what various methods can achieve. The value of blending strategies was assessed by simulating a common pay‐for‐performance criterion—performance in the top 25 percent. We estimated the proportion of physicians whose true percentage would place them in the top 20 percent but who would not receive payment based on the observed success rate.Principal FindingsBlending reduced the error rate from 29.7 to 22.7 percent. Simpler empirical Bayes estimates using shrinkage alone produced no gains over simple doctor percentages.ConclusionsWhen good structural data about physician groups and practices exist, gains from blending can be substantial.