bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generic status, circumscription, and allopolyploid origin of Faberia (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) as revealed by ITS and chloroplast DNA sequence data
Authors: Liu Ying , Chen You-Sheng , Yang Qin-Er 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Chinese endemic Faberia (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) is imperfectly understood: its generic status, circumscription, and subtribal affiliation have long been in dispute. Here we present a molecular analysis to address these problems. Nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK, psbA–trnH, rbcL, and trnL–F) sequence data were analyzed by means of Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods. Our results support the independent generic status of Faberia but not that of Faberiopsis, which should be re–submerged in the former. Dubyaea glaucescens is revealed as a member of Faberia, resulting in a new combination, F. glaucescens. The recent addition of Youngia racemifera to Faberia is refuted but the transfer of Prenanthes faberi to Faberia as F. faberi is corroborated. Consequently, Faberia is circumscribed here to include eight species (F. cavaleriei, F. ceterach, F. faberi, F. glaucescens, F. lancifolia, F. nanchuanensis, F. sinensis, F. thibetica). Most notably, phylogenies based on nrITS and cpDNA sequence data are highly incongruent with respect to the subtribal relationship of Faberia. The ITS phylogeny locates the genus in Lactucinae, whereas the cpDNA phylogeny places it in Crepidinae. This incongruence, together with karyological (Faberia has x = 17, a very rare number in Cichorieae) and palynological (Faberia has larger, 4–porate pollen grains, which are associated with polyploidy in Cichorieae) data, strongly favors the hypothesis that Faberia may have originated via hybridization between a member of Lactucinae with x = 9 (paternal parent or pollen donor) and a member of Crepidinae with x = 8 (maternal parent or ovule donor) and subsequent polyploidization. This work greatly increases our knowledge of Faberia and provides a convincing example of allopolyploid origin at the generic level within Cichorieae.
Unnoticed diversity within the disjunct moss Orthotrichum tenellum s.l. validated by morphological and molecular approaches
Authors: Medina Rafael , Lara Francisco , Goffinet Bernard , Garilleti Ricardo , Mazimpaka Vicente 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTransoceanic disjunctions are thought to be common in species of bryophytes. While much effort focuses on identifying the causes of these disjunctions, few studies test the assumption that the disjunct populations are conspecific. The moss Orthotrichum tenellum is considered to be disjunct between western North America and the western Old World. A thorough morphological revision together with molecular analyses using four plastid (atpB–rbcL, rps4, trnG, trnL–F) and two nuclear loci (adk, ort–LFY) reveals that this putative taxon is composed of six well–supported species, each of them diagnosable by morphological and phylogenetic criteria. Furthermore, these species, which were previously treated as a single, morphologically variable taxon, belong to different lineages within the genus and are the result of separated evolutionary histories. Only two of them (O. tenellum s.str., O. norrisii) are sister species that may have resulted from speciation following a transatlantic disjunction. Today, all species are either restricted to the Old World (i.e., O. tenellum s.str., O. comosum sp. nov.) or endemic to North America (i.e., O. coulteri, O. norrisii, O cucullatum sp. nov., O. franciscanum sp. nov.). This work emphasizes the relevance of integrative approaches to solve taxonomic problems and to provide more solid bases for biodiversity assessment.
A review of the nomenclature and typification of the Canary Islands endemic palm, Phoenix canariensis (Arecaceae)
Authors: Rivera Diego , Obón Concepción , Alcaraz Francisco , Egea Teresa , Carreño Encarna , Laguna Emilio , Santos Arnoldo , Wildpret Wolfredo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe nomenclature of the Canary Island endemic palm, Phoenix canariensis, is reviewed. It is concluded that Hermann Wildpret is the correct author of Phoenix canariensis. Phoenix canariensis, P. cycadifolia Regel and P. jubae (Webb & Berthel.) Webb ex H. Christ. are lectotypified.
Phylogeny of Calliandra (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) based on nuclear and plastid molecular markers
Authors: de Souza Élvia Rodrigues , Lewis Gwilym P. , Forest Félix , Schnadelbach Alessandra S. , van den Berg Cássio , de Queiroz Luciano Paganucci 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe reconstructed phylogenetic relationships in Leguminosae subfam. Mimosoideae tribe Ingeae using 135 sequences from the nuclear (ITS) and 119 from the plastid (trnL–F) genome, representing 23 of the 36 currently recognized genera in the tribe with newly generated sequences of Blanchetiodendron, Guinetia, Macrosamanea, Thailentadopsis and Viguieranthus and an extensive sampling of Calliandra. Only two of the five Neotropical generic alliances of Barneby & Grimes (1996) were supported as monophyletic. Calliandra is resolved as monophyletic with the inclusion of Guinetia. The five previously proposed sections within Calliandra were not supported by our study. Nevertheless, based on these results, a new infrageneric classification is proposed for Calliandra, and the African species of the genus are assigned to a new genus, Afrocalliandra. Three new sections are proposed for Calliandra: (1) sect. Tsugoideae based on C. ser. Tsugoideae, with four species from northwestern South America; (2) sect. Septentrionales, with six species distributed in dry areas from the United States to Mexico and (3) sect. Monticola, which consists of species restricted to the Espinhaço range of Brazil; these latter species form a clade with low levels of sequence variation, a potential indicator of the recent diversification of this group.
Gelidiophycus (Rhodophyta: Gelidiales): A new genus of marine algae from East Asia
Authors: Boo Ga Hun , Park Jeong Kwang , Boo Sung Min 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new genus of gelidioid red algae, Gelidiophycus, is described. Separated from Gelidium on the basis of a molecular phylogeny and morphological characters, it contains two species, Gelidiophycus freshwateri sp. nov. and G. divaricatus comb. nov., distributed in East Asia. Our rbcL and cox1 phylogenies revealed close relationships of Gelidiophycus with the Capreolia group in Australasia and unidentified taxa in Chile. Gelidiophycus is characterized by repent thalli and lateral branches arising at almost right angles. The occurrence of tetrasporophytes, male and female gametophytes, and carposporophytes in the field indicate that both species have the triphasic type life history, different from Capreolia. Gelidiophycus freshwateri occurs in Korea, China, and Japan, and G. divaricatus is found in Hong Kong. We discuss Gelidiophycus and its two species and provide keys, descriptions, and illustrations.
Playback Theatre as a response to the impact of political violence in occupied Palestine
Authors: Rivers Ben 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In Playback Theatre, audience members volunteer stories from their own lives, then a team of performers subsequently turns each account into a piece of improvised theatre. The Freedom Theatre’s Freedom Bus troupe uses Playback Theatre for community-building, cultural activism and collective trauma response throughout the West Bank of Occupied Palestine. This article describes the Freedom Bus initiative, reflecting in particular upon the possibilities and limits of Playback Theatre for trauma response in the context of ongoing political violence and structural oppression. It also explores the preparatory and post-performance considerations necessary to ensure the health and effectiveness of the Playback Theatre practitioner.
Experimental Investigation of Dynamic Contact Angles on Horizontal and Inclined Surfaces Part I: Flat Silicon Oxide Surfaces
Authors: Schmitt Michael , Hempelmann Rolf , Heib Florian 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In the last decades, many attempts have been made to investigate
influence quantities on the formation of contact angles and their
interpretation. The effect of gravitation on the measured contact
angles is a controversially discussed mater. In 1876 J. W. Gibbs
already formulated conditions for equilibrium and therefore even for
the equilibrium contact angle θ

e
which describe the acting
gravitational field on a fluid component. Nevertheless, these
relations often are not considered. The presented study illustrates
differences between the apparent contact angles of sessile drops which
are obtained by dynamical measurements with the inclined-plate and the
needle-in method. This fact demonstrates that the force distibution at
the triple line additionally differs in dependence on the used
measuring method. The force distribution at the triple line depends on
the relative position in the gravitational field (e.g. inclined or
horizontal sample position) and on the curvature of the liquid-vapour
interface (interfacial tension). Hence, theses effects on the apparent
contact angles have to be considered for a reasonable interpretation
of the measurement data. For this purpose, an approach to describe the
effect of forces related to gravity effects on contact angles will be
presented.
The Neural Dynamics of Face Detection in the Wild Revealed by MVPA
Authors: Cauchoix Maxime , Barragan-Jason Gladys , Serre Thomas , Barbeau Emmanuel J. 
Published: January 2014

Previous magnetoencephalography/electroencephalography (M/EEG) studies have suggested that face processing is extremely rapid, indeed faster than any other object category. Most studies, however, have been performed using centered, cropped stimuli presented on a blank background resulting in artificially low interstimulus variability. In contrast, the aim of the present study was to assess the underlying temporal dynamics of face detection presented in complex natural scenes.We recorded EEG activity while participants performed a rapid go/no-go categorization task in which they had to detect the presence of a human face. Subjects performed at ceiling (94.8% accuracy), and traditional event-related potential analyses revealed only modest modulations of the two main components classically associated with face processing (P100 and N170). A multivariate pattern analysis conducted across all EEG channels revealed that face category could, however, be readout very early, under 100 ms poststimulus onset. Decoding was linked to reaction time as early as 125 ms. Decoding accuracy did not increase monotonically; we report an increase during an initial 95–140 ms period followed by a plateau ∼140–185 ms–perhaps reflecting a transitory stabilization of the face information available–and a strong increase afterward. Further analyses conducted on individual images confirmed these phases, further suggesting that decoding accuracy may be initially driven by low-level stimulus properties. Such latencies appear to be surprisingly short given the complexity of the natural scenes and the large intraclass variability of the face stimuli used, suggesting that the visual system is highly optimized for the processing of natural scenes.
Zwischen Globalisierung und Protektionismus - Die internationale Versicherungswirtschaft vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg
Authors: Borscheid Peter , Umbach Kai 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Before World War I the modern insurance industry had spread out across the globe from Europe going hand in hand with the extension of world trade. This expansion was accompanied by the transfer of European institutions as well as the standardization of contract conditions, legal maxims and legal contents.
The rivalry between European and North American enterprises led to a harmonization of insurance technology and insurance products whilst a rise in governmental insurance supervisory offices affected a standardization of corporate management principles.
In contrast to largely increased cross-border interactions protectionistic counter-forces arose at the end of the 19th century. They caused a temporary setback to globalization in some parts of the world, however, in the long run they laid the cornerstone for an advanced globalization process.
Dimensionen wirtschaftlicher Integrationsprozesse in West- und Osteuropa nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg
Authors: Plumpe Werner , Steiner André 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Leading motif for the article is the lack of serious historical research regarding the economic integration processes in Europe since the end of World War II. It starts with a closer look at the economic theory to examine its practicability to explain integration. The article continues with an investigation of the various phases of economic integration in the East and in the West after World War II. In addition to that, continuative questions are raised. The paper’s major hypothesis is, that integration in East and West was led by political issues rather than by questions of economic efficiency. In light of this, the limited economic effects are actually not surprising.
What Italian business disliked about a European common market
Authors: Fauri Francesca 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The possibility of enlarging Italy’s export market was the key factor that made industrialists repeatedly express their consent for a unified market, even in their earliest statements on the matter. The great majority of Italian business declared itself in favour of a united market dependent upon a given set of conditions: gradual abolition of tariffs, leveling of production costs among members, free circulation of workers (as well as of goods and capital) and inclusion in the Treaty of Art.109 on the resumption of tariff controls or measures of safeguard where a sudden crisis in the balance of payments occurs.
The policy of Italian business towards EEC integration in those years was the result of a compromise between protectionist sectors (small-medium firms) on the one hand and, on the other, firms belonging to the so-called automobile cycle (Fiat, Pirelli etc.) and the engineering sector, whose growth had been led by export demand and favoured opening up the Italian economy to international competition.
Once the Treaty of Rome was signed, there were issues that Italian industrialists did not like. However, on the whole, participation was never called into question and, despite a few skeptical voices, Italian business valued European integration as a unique opportunity to enlarge the market, increase foreign demand and improve competitiveness. The Italian economic miracle had begun to take shape.
COMECON integration and the automobile industry: the Czechoslovak case
Authors: Fava Valentina 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper examines the effect of the Comecon negotiation on the development of automobile production in Czechoslovakia between 1949 and 1965. It investigates the reasons that led to the failure of a closer integration of automobile production in the Comecon bloc; it explores which and whose needs oriented the decision-making process and considers what consequences the failure of a more integrative policy had on the Czechoslovak enterprise koda. The paper sheds light on a specific project, elaborated in 1949 by the Czechoslovak specialists and intended to ensure the national producer a leading role in the Comecon international division of labour. The specialists’ effort to protect the national automobile industry was motivated by the strategic importance of the hard currency revenues of the export-led automobile production. The paper argues that the rejection of the Czechoslovak project and the Comecon failure to elaborate a coherent and technically affordable plan to establish a multilateral product specialization within the People′s democracies blocked the modernization of automobile production in Czechoslovakia for almost a decade, determining the decline of competitiveness of koda products on the Capitalist markets and trapping the country’s automobile industry in the Fordism in one country described by Abelshauser when discussing the GDR.
Industrielle Beziehungen und Arbeitsbewertung unter dem „Wirtschaftswunder“ in Deutschland und Japan. Ein Vergleich zweier Gesellschaften
Authors: Yamai Toshiaki 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In the 1960s the corrective agreement system in West Germany experienced an important change. In place of the traditional system of wage regulation that is based on the classic categories of workers, namely skilled, semiskilled and unskilled workers, the system of job evaluation was now introduced into the corrective agreements. In Japan, by contrast, the system of job evaluation was abandoned in the same 1960s after a longtime trial by employers to introduce it. The present article examines this contrasting process in Germany and Japan and sheds light on the different structure of industrial relations in these countries. The historical root of this difference can be found in the 1910s20s as a formation period of modern industrial relations in each country.
Who Destroyed the Marsh? Oil Field Canals, Coastal Ecology, and the Debate over Louisiana’s Shrinking Wetlands
Authors: Priest Tyler , Theriot Jason P. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper examines the environmental history of petroleum pipeline canals and their impact on wetland loss in Coastal Louisiana, and how politics and wetland science have shaped restoration efforts over time. Since the 1930s, Coastal Louisiana’s wetlands have provided America with abundant oil and gas resources. The expansion of this vital energy production and transportation corridor, however, has come with a huge environmental price tag, one that will persist for generations, long after the hydrocarbons are depleted. Louisiana has the world’s seventh largest wetlands and produces the lion share of America’s domestic oil production. Yet Louisiana’s wetlands are disappearing and have been for sometime, along with the habitat, wildlife, culture, and traditional socio-economic activities that is unique to the region. Most of this loss has occurred between the 1950s and late 1970s, the era of intense petroleum production. The reasons for this high loss rate are complex and unique, involving a mixture of both natural and human-induced changes over time. Scientists argue that one of the major causes of this wetland loss has been the long-term direct and indirect impacts of oil-led development, namely the construction of pipeline, access, and navigation canals through the marshes, barrier islands, and bays. The energy and environmental tradeoffs have been particularly challenging given the enormous oil resources produced in the region over the decades and because of the Mississippi Delta’s complex geologic structure. Understanding how the two have interacted over time raises important questions about ecological restoration and the long-term impacts of energy production on fragile landscapes.
Missing Links? Business History and Environmental Change
Authors: Berghoff Hartmut , Mutz Mathias 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Business and the natural environment, economy and ecology, are commonly perceived as being irreconcilable opposites. This article evaluates the variables of this opposition and asks for differentiated concepts from business and environmental history. In doing so it analyzes the existing literature in both subdisciplines and looks at why they have been relatively isolated from each other. The authors advocate approaches that integrate business and environmental history and take ecological implications of business as serious as the commercial implications of dealing with nature.
Der Durchbruch des PKW zum Massenkonsumgut 1950-1964
Authors: Kopper Christopher 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Until now, research on the breakthrough of mass motorization has neglected the importance of the used car market. Empirical evidence proves that the used car market had a significant impact on the growth of car ownership and the purchase of cars among white and blue-collar workers. The transparency and flexibility of the used car market, the lack of price regulation and the degressive curve of used car prices facilitated car ownership among medium income Germans as early as the late 1950s. German car manufacturers recognized the potential of the used car market for the promotion of new car sales, but adopted different market strategies. US companies like Opel and Ford changed their models frequently to promote the sale of new cars and to accelerate the obsolescence of older models, whereas Volkswagen followed the strategy of incremental changes in order to create a higher value for used cars and to generate an additional benefit for new car customers.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatments in patients with metastatic thyroid carcinomas: a retrospective study of the TUTHYREF network
Authors: Massicotte Marie-Hélène , Brassard Maryse , Claude-Desroches Médéric , Borget Isabelle , Bonichon Françoise , Giraudet Anne-Laure , Do Cao Christine , Chougnet Cécile N , Leboulleux Sophie , Baudin Eric , Schlumberger Martin , de la Fouchardière Christelle 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used to treat patients with advanced thyroid cancers. We retrospectively investigated the efficacy of TKIs administered outside of clinical trials in metastatic sites or locally advanced thyroid cancer patients from five French oncology centers.Design and methodsThere were 62 patients (37 men, mean age: 61 years) treated with sorafenib (62%), sunitinib (22%), and vandetanib (16%) outside of clinical trials; 22 had papillary, five had follicular, five had Hürthle cell, 13 had poorly differentiated, and 17 had medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Thirty-three, 25, and four patients were treated with one, two, and three lines of TKIs respectively. Primary endpoints were objective tumor response rate and progression-free survival (PFS). Sequential treatments and tumor response according to metastatic sites were secondary endpoints.ResultsAmong the 39 sorafenib and 12 sunitinib treatments in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients, partial response (PR) rate was 15 and 8% respectively. In the 11 MTC patients treated with vandetanib, 36% had PR. Median PFS was similar in second-line compared with first-line sorafenib or sunitinib therapy (6.7 vs 7.0 months) in DTC patients, but there was no PR with second- and third-line treatments. Bone and pleural lesions were the most refractory sites to treatment.ConclusionsThis is the largest retrospective study evaluating TKI therapies outside of clinical trials. DTC patients treated with second-line therapy had stable disease as best response, but had a similar median PFS compared with the first-line treatment.