bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐acetylgalactosamine exposure of serum IgA1 was associated with glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis of IgA nephropathy patients
Authors: Xu Li‐Xia , Ye Zhi‐ming , Feng Zhonglin , Xin Gang , Zhang Bin , Liu Shuangxin , Li Ruizhao , Li Zhilian , Liang Xinling , Shi Wei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimImmunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis with various histological and clinical phenotypes. N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) exposure plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of IgAN. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether GalNAc exposure of serum IgA1 was associated with clinical and pathological manifestation of IgAN.MethodsSera from 199 patients with biopsy proved IgAN were collected. Clinical and pathological manifestations were collected. Biotinylated Helix aspersa were used in ELISA to examine GalNAc exposure on IgA1 molecules. Patients were divided into two groups according to the GalNAc exposure rate less or more than 0.4.ResultsAge, gender, and serum creatinine were comparable between the two groups. Univariate analysis showed that significantly higher urinary protein excretion rate but less severe glomerular sclerosis and tubularinterstitial fibrosis were observed in the lower GalNAc exposure group. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that adjusted by age and gender, the GalNAc exposure rate more than 0.4 was a risk factor of glomerular sclerosis and tubularinterstitial fibrosis, OR*(95% CI) were 2.76 (1.19–6.37) and 2.49 (1.18–5.25), respectively.ConclusionImmunoglobulin A nephropathy patients with lower proteinuria had higher GalNAc exposure rates. The GalNAc exposure rate more than 0.4 was a risk factor of severe chronic renal tissue change.
Combined heterotopic liver–pancreas transplantation as a curative treatment for liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Henn Constance , Kapellen Thomas , Prenzel Freerk , Siekmeyer Manuela , Hau Hans‐Michael , Kiess Wieland , Bartels Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease with a defect in epithelial chloride transport that results in a multisystem disease. Although pulmonary disease remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality, focal biliary cirrhosis and portal hypertension may develop in up to 8% of these patients. Liver transplantation (TX) is an accepted therapy and shows good results. We report on a patient with cystic fibrosis homozygous for the most common CFTR mutation delta F 508 who received a combined heterotopic liver and pancreas transplantation at the age of 18 yr. He suffered from CFRD, which untypically required high doses of insulin. In addition, the patient had pulmonary complications, was chronically colonized with multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MBL) and had an allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). The patient remained in stable health for 54 months post‐TX and was able to live a nearly normal life. With a follow‐up of five yr, the function of the liver and pancreas allografts was excellent. However, and sadly, his pulmonary function continued to deteriorate from progression of his CF, and he died of respiratory failure due to a severe pneumonia and septicemia at the age of 23 yr and five months.
Interaction of H2@C60 and Nitroxide through Conformationally Constrained Peptide Bridges
Authors: Garbuio Luca , Li Yongjun , Antonello Sabrina , Gascón José A. , Lawler Ronald G. , Lei Xuegong , Murata Yasujiro , Turro Nicholas J. , Maran Flavio 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe synthesized two molecular systems, in which an endofullerene C60, incarcerating one hydrogen molecule (H2@C60) and a nitroxide radical are connected by a folded 310‐helical peptide. The difference between the two molecules is the direction of the peptide orientation. The nuclear spin relaxation rates and the para → ortho conversion rate of the incarcerated hydrogen molecule were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The experimental results were analyzed using DFT‐optimized molecular models. The relaxation rates and the conversion rates of the two peptides fall in the expected distance range. One of the two peptides is particularly rigid and thus ideal to keep the H2@C60/nitroxide separation, r, as large and controlled as possible, which results in particularly low relaxation and conversion rates. Despite the very similar optimized distance, however, the rates measured with the other peptide are considerably higher and thus are compatible with a shorter effective distance. The results strengthen the outcome of previous investigations that while the para → ortho conversion rates satisfactorily obey the Wigner's theory, the nuclear spin relaxation rates are in excellent agreement with the Solomon–Bloembergen equation predicting a 1/r6 dependence.
Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Studies at Don Sixto, a Precious Metal Low Sulfidation Deposit in Mendoza Province, Argentina
Authors: Mugas Lobos Ana Cecilia , Márquez‐Zavalía María Florencia 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Don Sixto mining area in Mendoza province, central‐western Argentina, contains an epithermal low sulfidation Au–Ag deposit. It is a small deposit (∼4 km2), with a gold resource of 36 t. In Don Sixto, ore minerals are disseminated in the hydrothermal quartz veins and hydrothermally altered volcanic‐pyroclastic rock units of Permian–Triassic age. On the basis of the texture, ore mineral paragenesis and cross cutting relationship of gangue minerals, seven stages of mineralization were recognized and described. The first six stages are characterized by quartz veins with minor amounts of base metal minerals and the last stage is represented by fluorite veins with minimal quantities of base metal minerals; the precious metal mineralization is mainly related to the fourth stage. The hydrothermal veins exhibit mainly massive, crustiform and comb infilling textures; the presence of bladed quartz replacement textures and quartz veins with adularia crystals are indicative of boiling processes in the system. Fluid inclusion and complementary stable isotope studies were performed in quartz, fluorite, and pyrite samples from the vein systems. The microthermometric data were obtained from primary, biphasic (liquid‐vapor) fluid inclusion assemblages in quartz and fluorite. The maximum values for salinity and homogenization temperature (Th) came from the stage IV where quartz with petrographic evidence of boiling has average values of 4.96 wt% NaClequiv. and 286.9°C respectively. The lower values are related to the last stage of mineralization, where the fluid inclusions in fluorite have average salinities of 1.05 wt% NaClequiv. and average homogenization temperatures of 173.1°C. The oxygen and sulfur isotopic fractionation was analyzed in quartz and pyrite. The calculated isotopic fractionation for oxygen in the hydrothermal fluid is in the range of δ18OH2O = −6.92 up to −3.08‰, which indicates dominance of a meteoric source for the water, while sulfur reaches δ34SH2S = 1.09‰, which could be reflecting a possible magmatic, or even a mixed source.
Labor Skills and Foreign Investment in a Dynamic Economy: Estimating the Knowledge‐capital Model for Singapore
Authors: Chellaraj Gnanaraj , Maskus Keith E. , Mattoo Aaditya 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSingapore is an interesting example of how the pattern of foreign investment changes with economic development. This paper studies inbound and outbound investment between Singapore and a sample of industrialized and developing countries over the period 1984–2007. Singapore's investments from industrialized nations shifted into skill‐seeking activities, while its investments in developing countries became concentrated in labor‐seeking production. The knowledge‐capital model is used to analyze the determinants of these shifts. The estimates suggest that a 10% increase in Singapore's skill differences with developing countries resulted in a 15.2% increase in outbound stocks of investment to the average recipient nation. A 10% decline in skill differences with industrialized countries after 1995 resulted in a 3.6% increase in inbound stocks from the average parent nation.
Foreign Capital and Urban Congestion in Emerging Markets
Authors: Batra Ravi , Beladi Hamid 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTraditional literature emphasizes the role of foreign capital, especially foreign direct investment (FDI) in explaining the high growth rates that many emerging economies have enjoyed during 1990s and 2000s. The present paper accepts this conventional wisdom but argues that theFDIhas also created problems of urban sprawl and congestion that would not be so intense if economic development had primarily come from domestic sources. This is because theFDIis typically concentrated in urban areas that abound in manufacturing and it neglects the rural areas where agriculture predominates. The paper suggests that a small tax on foreign capital tends to mitigate the side effects of foreign investment.
Bounded Biofuels? Sustainability of Global Biogas Developments
Authors: Mol Arthur P.J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCompared to liquid biofuels biogas has hardly drawn any attention from social sciences researchers lately. Although the share of biogas and liquid biofuels in the energy portfolio of many countries are comparable, biogas systems are strongly place‐based and are non‐controversial in terms of sustainability. But is that a fundamental distinction between the two biofuel systems; or is it just a matter of time before biogas becomes globally integrated and subject to sustainability controversies? In using a sociology of networks and flows frame, the current state of and developments in biogas systems around the world are analysed. It is concluded that biogas systems are most likely to further globally integrate, but that it remains to be seen whether that will result in similar sustainability controversies as with respect to liquid biofuels. One determining factor is whether governance arrangements manage to condition the sustainability of globalising biogas developments.
Virtual Coast Guard: An Open and Crowdsourced GIS Portal for Stewardship of India's Coast
Authors: Gajbe Alpesh , Shankar Adya , Rodriguez Sudarshan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIndia's coastline is under tremendous pressure. The current processes of development are becoming a threat to the ecology and livelihoods housed on the coast. If left unchecked, there will not be much of a coast left for our future generations. GIS provides tremendous opportunities to map spatial information for better decision‐making. Government agencies generate maps, but they are localized and inaccessible, preventing an actual assessment of the damage that is already happening to our coast. The Coastal Area Mapping Project (CAMP) envisions creating a collaborative GIS platform using open source technologies. CAMP's vision is to use Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) for collaboration and cocreation and collective problem solving. CAMP foresees a vision for India's coastline where power is equalized among all constituencies (Government, corporations, media, communities, civil societies, etc.), by capturing the big picture and patterns, thus enabling the creation of strategies for stewardship of India's coastline for human wellbeing, coastal protection and sustainable coastal development.
Registering medicines for low‐income countries: how suitable are the stringent review procedures of the World Health Organisation, the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency?
Authors: Doua Joachim Y. , Geertruyden Jean‐Pierre Van 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNew medicines are registered after a resource‐demanding process. Unfortunately, in low‐income countries (LICs), demand outweighs resources. To facilitate registration in LICs, stringent review procedures of the European Medicines Agency (EMA Article‐58), Food and Drug Administration (FDA PEPFAR‐linked review) and WHO Prequalification programme have been established. Only the PEPFAR‐linked review gives approval, while the others make recommendations for approval. This study assessed the performance and discussed the challenges of these three stringent review procedures. Data from WHO, FDA, EMA, Medline and Internet were analysed. Over 60% of medicines reviewed by stringent review procedures are manufactured in India. Until 2012, WHO prequalified 400 medicines (211 vaccines, 130 antiretrovirals, 29 tuberculostatics, 15 antimalarials and 15 others). PEPFAR‐linked review approved 156 antiretrovirals, while EMA Article 58 recommended approval of 3 antiretrovirals, 1 vaccine and 1 antimalarial. WHO Prequalification and PEPFAR‐linked review are free of charge and as a result have accelerated access to antiretrovirals. They both built capacity in sub‐Saharan Africa, although WHO prequalification relies technically on stringent regulatory authorities and financially on donors. Article‐58 offers the largest disease coverage and strongest technical capacities, is costly and involves fewer LICs. To meet the high demand for quality medicines in LICs, these stringent review procedures need to enlarge their disease coverage. To improve registration, EMA Article 58 should actively involve LICs. Furthermore, LIC regulatory activities must not be fully resigned to stringent review procedure.
Soil seedbanks in slash‐and‐burn rice fields of northern Laos
Authors: de Rouw A , Casagrande M , Phaynaxay K , Soulileuth B , Saito K 
Published: October 2013

SummaryCrops in shifting cultivation fields often suffer from severe weed infestation when long fallow periods are replaced by short fallow periods. The soil seedbank as a source of weed infestation was studied in four fields that differed in their last fallow duration. The effect of burning was analysed by comparing adjacent pre‐burn and post‐burn samples (two sites). Surface vegetation was monitored from burning to harvest in the plots from which soil samples were taken to determine the fraction of the seedbank germinating (three sites). Seedbank size (1700–4000 seedlings m−2) varied depending on a single species, Mimosa diplotricha. Burning reduced emergence of most species, but stimulated emergence in others. Densities in the seedbank were not correlated with above‐ground abundances in the field, except for some species. Most species emerging after 50 days from the soil samples (40% of seedlings) were absent from the field after 190 days. Whilst the data from this study are derived from only four fields, the weed problems after short‐term fallowing appeared to be due to a larger fraction of the seedbank emerging, possibly due to shallow burial, and to a floristic shift towards adaption to burning, rather than the size of the seedbank per se.
Cytoprotective effects of opioids on irradiated oral epithelial cells
Authors: Charbaji Nada , Rosenthal Peter , Schäfer‐Korting Monika , Küchler Sarah 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOral mucositis is a common side effect of chemotherapy and radiation therapy accompanied with acute inflammation and ulceration of the oral mucosa. Opioids can improve the wound healing of dermal and oral tissue when applied locally. The aim of this study was to investigate if morphine exhibits cytoprotective effects on oral epithelial cells postirradiation. Hence, oral epithelial cells were exposed to increasing doses (3–30 Gy) of ionization radiation. We assessed the effects of the radiation on cell viability, proinflammatory cytokine release (interleukin [IL]‐1α, IL‐6), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP‐1, ‐8, and ‐9) expression. As expected, radiation significantly impaired cell viability and morphology and resulted in enhanced IL release. However, morphine‐treated cells consistently showed higher cell viability postirradiation: 9.19 ± 1.16% after 24 hours and 7.45 ± 0.93% after 48 hours compared with the control. In terms of proinflammatory cytokines, the release of IL‐1α and IL‐6 was significantly reduced, too, being most pronounced at 48 hours postradiation. Additionally, we observed a significant reduction of MMP‐1 and especially MMP‐9 expression in morphine‐treated cells. The results clearly indicate anti‐inflammatory as well as cytoprotective effects of morphine on irradiated oral epithelial cells. Interestingly, the protective effects of morphine are not related to a decrease in cell apoptosis or necrosis. Before final conclusions can be drawn, further studies in more complex systems in vitro and in vivo are required. Nevertheless, these findings further underline the high potential of opioids for the treatment of topical wounds and inflammatory conditions.
Design and Processing of Niobium Microalloyed Cost Effective Line Pipe Steel With Enhanced Strength and Fracture Toughness
Authors: Subramanian S. V. , Gray J. M. 
Published: October 2013

The functional role of niobium in the original HTP X-80 design of high niobium (0.1wt%), low interstitial ( C 0.03 to 0.04, N<0.005wt%) cost-effective base chemistry is (i) to use Zener drag from strain induced precipitation of NbC during thermo-mechanical rolling and solute drag from solute niobium to retard static recrystallization, (ii) to impart adequate rolling reduction below temperature of no recrystallization to promote large strain accumulation in pancaked austenite, and (iii) to promote fine ferrite grain size by strain induced phase transformation under accelerated cooling conditions, thereby obtain high strength and fracture toughness at low temperature through grain size effect. Residual niobium in austenite is used to impart additional strength through transformation hardening, dislocation hardening from accelerated cooling and precipitation strengthening of ferrite through accelerated cooling and interrupted cooling at coiling temperature.
Recent research has confirmed the importance of control of density and dispersion of crystallographic high angle boundaries which are superimposed on the morphological microstructure in order to prevent the initiation of brittle fracture. Extensive research has been carried out in HTP base chemistry to determine the processing options to control the density and dispersion of high angle boundaries to produce higher grade (>X-80) line pipe steels with enhanced fracture toughness. Whereas the resistance to ductile fracture is measured by Charpy toughness, the resistance to brittle fracture is inferred from ductile to brittle transition temperature and percentage shear in DWTT. The research has underscored the importance of austenite grain refinement in upstream processing of HTP before pancaking in finish rolling to control density and dispersion of high angle boundaries in order to prevent brittle fracture initiation. Experimental results are presented which demonstrate that HTP base chemistry is a cost effective design to produce higher grade line pipe steels, not only to achieve high resistance to ductile and brittle fracture in the base plate, but also in HAZ regions associated with relatively high heat input welding in weld fabrication of pipes from plates, and Girth field welding of pipes involving low heat input multi-pass welding.
Stellar Spin-Orbit Misalignment in a Multiplanet System
Authors: Huber Daniel , Carter Joshua A. , Barbieri Mauro , Miglio Andrea , Deck Katherine M. , Fabrycky Daniel C. , Montet Benjamin T. , Buchhave Lars A. , Chaplin William J. , Hekker Saskia , Montalbán Josefina , Sanchis-Ojeda Roberto , Basu Sarbani , Bedding Timothy R. , Campante Tiago L. , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen , Elsworth Yvonne P. , Stello Dennis , Arentoft Torben , Ford Eric B. , Gilliland Ronald L. , Handberg Rasmus , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Johnson John Asher , Karoff Christoffer , Kawaler Steven D. , Kjeldsen Hans , Latham David W. , Lund Mikkel N. , Lundkvist Mia , Marcy Geoffrey W. , Metcalfe Travis S. , Silva Aguirre Victor , Winn Joshua N. 
Published: October 2013

Misaligned PlanetsStars with multiple coplanar planets have not been seen to show misalignments between the equatorial plane of the star and the orbital plane of the planets—a diagnostic of the dynamical history of planetary systems.Huberet al.(p.331) analyzed the Kepler 56 planetary system, which contains a giant-sized and an intermediate-sized planet. The planets have orbits that are close to coplanar, but the planetary orbits are misaligned with the stellar equator. A third companion in a wide orbit, which could be another star or a planet, could explain the misaligned configuration.
Evaluation of a Multitarget Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Bordetella Species during a Pertussis Outbreak in New Hampshire in 2011
Authors: Gao Fengxiang , Mahoney Jennifer C. , Daly Elizabeth R. , Lamothe Wendy , Tullo Daniel , Bean Christine 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

A multitarget real-time PCR assay with three targets, including insertion sequence
481
(IS
481
), IS
1001
, and an IS
1001
-like element, as well as pertussis toxin subunit S1 (
ptxS1
), for the detection of
Bordetella
species was evaluated during a pertussis outbreak. The sensitivity and specificity were 77 and 88% (PCR) and 66 and 100% (culture), respectively. All patients with an IS

481 C
T

of <30 also tested positive by
ptxS1
assay and were clinical pertussis cases. No patients with IS

481 C
T

values of ≥40 tested positive by culture. Therefore, we recommend that culture be performed only for specimens with IS

481 C
T

values of 30 ≤

C
T

<40.
Disseminated Adenovirus Infection in Cancer Patients Presenting with Focal Pulmonary Consolidation
Authors: Lee Yeon Joo , Palomino-Guilen Paola , Babady N. Esther , Lamson Daryl M. , St. George Kirsten , Tang Yi-Wei , Papanicolaou Genovefa A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

We report disseminated adenovirus (ADV) infection in four adult cancer patients presenting with focal pulmonary consolidation. In all cases, ADV was recovered from respiratory specimens and ADV viremia (>1 × 10
5
copies/ml) was determined by a quantitative PCR assay. Despite antiviral therapy, 3 (75%) patients died. ADV should be considered as a possible cause of severe pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients.
Performance of the Verigene Gram-Positive Blood Culture Assay for Direct Detection of Gram-Positive Organisms and Resistance Markers in a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Mestas Javier , Polanco Claudia M. , Felsenstein Susanna , Dien Bard Jennifer 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
The performance characteristics of the Verigene Gram-positive blood culture (BC-GP) assay were evaluated in pediatric patients. Concordance of the BC-GP assay was 95.8%, with significant decreases in turnaround time for identification and resistance detection. BC-GP is highly accurate and can be integrated into the routine workflow of the microbiology laboratory.
Comparative Virus Replication and Host Innate Responses in Human Cells Infected with Three Prevalent Clades (2.3.4, 2.3.2, and 7) of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses
Authors: Sun Honglei , Sun Yipeng , Pu Juan , Zhang Yi , Zhu Qingyu , Li Jing , Gu Jiang , Chang Kin-Chow , Liu Jinhua 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus clades 2.3.4, 2.3.2, and 7 are the dominant cocirculating H5N1 viruses in poultry in China. However, humans appear to be clinically susceptible mostly to the 2.3.4 virus clade. Here, we demonstrated that A549 cells and human macrophages infected with clade 2.3.4 viruses produced significantly more viruses than those infected with the other two clades. Likewise, clade 2.3.4-infected macrophages caused the most severe cellular damage and strongest proinflammatory response.