bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do predators influence the behaviour of bats?
Authors: Lima Steven L. , O'Keefe Joy M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMany aspects of animal behaviour are affected by real‐time changes in the risk of predation. This conclusion holds for virtually all taxa and ecological systems studied, but does it hold for bats? Bats are poorly represented in the literature on anti‐predator behaviour, which may reflect a lack of nocturnal predators specialized on bats. If bats actually experience a world with minimal anti‐predator concerns, then they will provide a unique contrast within the realm of vertebrate ecology. Alternatively, such predator‐driven behaviour in bats may not yet be fully understood, given the difficulties in working with these highly mobile and nocturnal animals. We provide a wide‐ranging exploration of these issues in bat behaviour. We first cover the basic predator‐prey information available on bats, both on potential predators and the ways in which bats might perceive predators and respond to attacks. We then cover work relevant to key aspects of bat behaviour, such as choice of daytime roosts, the nature of sleep and torpor, evening roost departures, moonlight avoidance, landscape‐related movement patterns, and habitat selection. Overall, the evidence in favour of a strong influence of predators on bat behaviour is equivocal, with the picture clouded by contradictory results and a lack of information on potential predators and the perception of risk by bats. It seems clear that day‐active bats run a considerable risk of being killed by diurnal raptors, which are able to capture bats with relative ease. Thus, bats taking advantage of a pulse of insects just prior to sunset are likely taking risks to gain much‐needed energy. Further, the choice of daytime roosts by bats is probably strongly influenced by roost safety. Few studies, however, have directly addressed either of these topics. As a group, insectivorous temperate‐zone bats show no clear tendency to avoid apparently risky situations, such as activity on moonlit nights. However, some observations are consistent with the idea that predation risk affects choice of movement paths and feeding areas by temperate‐zone bats, as well as the timing of roost departures. The behaviour of tropical bats, on the other hand, seems more generally influenced by predators; this is especially true for tropical nectarivores and frugivores, but also for insectivorous bats. Presumably there are more serious predators on bats in the tropics (e.g. specialized raptors or carnivorous bats), but the identity of these predators is unclear. More information is needed to assess fully the influence of predators on bat behaviour. There is much need for work on the ways in which bats perceive predatorsviaauditory, visual, and olfactory cues, and whether bats have some knowledge of the risks posed by different predators. Also needed is information on how predators attack bats and how bats react to attacking predators. Difficult to obtain, but of critical value, will be information on the nature of the predation risk experienced by bats while away from roosts and during the full darkness of night.
Combined Osteotome‐Induced Ridge Expansion and Guided Bone Regeneration Simultaneous with Implant Placement: A Biometric Study
Authors: Kolerman Roni , Nissan Joseph , Tal Haim 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the long‐term outcome of a single‐step ridge expansion osteotome procedure and implant placement combined with guided bone regeneration in patients presenting narrow maxillary alveolar ridges.Materials and MethodsDuring the period 1999 to 2010, 41 patients aged 19 to 77 years (18 males; 23 females) suffering from partial or full edentulism associated with horizontal resorption of the maxillary ridges (2.5–5 mm) were treated using the combined ridge expansion and guided bone‐regeneration techniques to obtain an improved bony base for implant placement. Implant survival, bone width measurements, clinical and radiologic implant success, and clinical complications were recorded and analyzed.ResultsAchievement of primary stability of the implant was impossible at six sites; these were recorded as failures. In the remaining 35 patients, one hundred sixteen endosseous titanium implants were simultaneously placed. Follow‐up time varied between 6 and 144 months (mean 52.4); of these, 36% were followed up for periods of time longer than 60 months. Implant diameter and lengths varied between 3.3 to 4.8 and 12 to 16 mm, respectively. In the 35 successful procedures (one hundred sixteen implants), the overall implant survival rate was 100%. An average gain in ridge width was 3.5 ± 0.93 (p < .0001) and an average enlargement of the buccal bone was 1.91 ± 0.6 (p < .0001). The mean vertical mesial bone loss was 1.81 mm ± 1.07 (ranging from 0.3 to 4.2 mm), and the mean vertical distal bone loss was 1.74 mm ± 1.12 (ranging from 0.4 to 4.5 mm). In eight patients (32%), at least one implant presented bone loss of ≥3 mm.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, we suggest that the combined osteotome‐induced ridge expansion and guided bone regeneration simultaneous with implant placement is a reliable procedure with reduced morbidity and may offer an alternative in suitable situations.
Androgen deprivation therapy: evidence‐based management of side effects
Authors: Ahmadi Hamed , Daneshmand Siamak 
Published: January 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
The benefits of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are well recognized and a multitude of studies have documented the benefits of ADT in conjunction with other therapies. Given the widespread use of ADT due to its important clinical implications, it is imperative that clinicians understand the side effects to limit treatment‐related morbidity. There are numerous well recognized adverse effects of ADT, including vasomotor flushing, loss of libido and impotence, fatigue, gynaecomastia, anaemia, osteoporosis and metabolic complications, as well as effects on cardiovascular health and bone density.
Present study focuses on the most recent evidence‐based treatment options for various side effects of ADT.
Objective
To familiarize clinicians with the various side effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The present study focuses on the most recent evidence‐based treatment strategies for the common side effects of ADT.
Methods
A PubMed database search was conducted from 2000 to 2012.
All prospective clinical studies were selected, including randomized and non‐randomized clinical trials, as well as meta‐analysis studies concerning preventive and therapeutic interventions for various side effects of ADT.
‘The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence’ classification system for treatment benefits was used to categorize selected studies.
Results
Gabapentin shows moderate efficacy for the long‐term treatment of hot flashes in a dose‐dependent manner.
A combined resistance/aerobic exercise programme leads to significant improvement in fatigue, sexual function and cognitive function. A home‐based/group exercise programme also improves fatigue and unfavourable metabolic changes.
Denosumab increases lumbar spine, hip and radius bone mass density, and also reduces the risk of vertebral fractures in men receiving ADT for non‐metastatic prostate cancer.
Metformin coupled with lifestyle intervention is a safe, well‐tolerated intervention for adverse metabolic changes. Toremifene improves the lipid profile.
Intermittent ADT improves early side effects, such as hot flashes, sexual activity, fatigue, and quality of life, although its effect on long‐term side effects remains inconclusive.
Conclusion
Despite significant improvement in management strategies for the side effects of ADT, the best way of preventing side effects is to use ADT only when it is absolutely indicated.
Determining the Threshold for Alcohol‐Induced Brain Damage: New Evidence with Gliosis Markers
Authors: Hayes Dayna M. , Deeny M. Ayumi , Shaner Carey A. , Nixon Kimberly 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundChronic intake of ethanol (EtOH) has been linked to serious health consequences such as cardiac and liver problems, cognitive impairments, and brain damage. Alcohol's detrimental effects depend upon the dose, duration, and pattern of exposure with binge drinking as one of the most common, but most damaging, patterns of intake. Little is known about the threshold of the damaging effects of alcohol. Therefore, these experiments sought to determine a threshold for brain damage using various markers of neurodegeneration.MethodsAdult male Sprague–Dawley rats were administered nutritionally complete liquid diet containing either EtOH (25% w/v) or isocaloric dextrose every 8 hours for either 1 (mean dose, 13.4 ± 0.3 g/kg/d; mean blood EtOH concentration (BEC), 336.2 ± 18.8 mg/dl) or 2 days (mean dose, 10.9 ± 0.3 g/kg/d; mean BEC, 369.8 ± 18.1 mg/dl). On the basis of a known time course of various neurodegeneration‐associated events, rats were perfused transcardially immediately following, 2 days after, or 7 days post EtOH exposure. To label actively dividing cells, some animals were injected with BromodeoxyUridine (BrdU) 2 hours prior to perfusion. Tissue was then analyzed for the presence of BrdU (cell proliferation), FluoroJade B (degenerative neurons), and vimentin (reactive astrogliosis) immunoreactivity.ResultsOne or 2 days of EtOH exposure failed to alter cell proliferation at any of the time points analyzed. However, significant 2‐ to 9‐fold increases in neuronal degeneration in limbic cortex and clear evidence of reactive gliosis as indicated by a 2‐ to 8‐fold upregulation in vimentin immunoreactivity in the hippocampus were observed following as little as 1 day of binge EtOH exposure.ConclusionsThese results indicate that as little as 1 day (24 hours) of high BEC, binge‐like EtOH exposure is enough to elicit signs of alcohol‐induced brain damage in adult rats. Further, reactive gliosis may be a more sensitive marker of alcohol‐induced damage in the hippocampus.
Early Subjective Response and Acquired Tolerance as Predictors of Alcohol Use and Related Problems in a Clinical Sample
Authors: Corbin William R. , Scott Caitlin , Leeman Robert F. , Fucito Lisa M. , Toll Benjamin A. , O'Malley Stephanie S. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that a low subjective response (SR) to alcohol is a risk factor for alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and a recent study suggests that acquired tolerance can be differentiated from initial SR and is also significantly associated with drinking problems. Because the prior study of SR and tolerance focused on a sample of moderate drinkers, the goal of the current study was to examine relations between early SR, acquired tolerance, alcohol use, and alcohol‐related problems in a sample of young adults with clinically significant alcohol problems.MethodsThe current study examined associations between early SR and acquired tolerance and both drinking behavior and alcohol‐related problems within a sample of 113 heavy drinking young adults (66.1% male) volunteering for a clinical trial of naltrexone in combination with brief motivational counseling.ResultsConsistent with the 1 prior study examining simultaneous effects of early SR and tolerance, both early SR and acquired tolerance were positively associated with typical drinking behavior, although tolerance was a much stronger predictor within this clinical sample. In contrast to the prior study, early SR was inversely associated with risk for alcohol‐related problems, and tolerance was not a significant predictor of problems.ConclusionsThe results suggested that, controlling for weekly drinking, a low early SR protected against acute negative consequences within a sample of heavy drinkers who had acquired significant tolerance to alcohol effects. It is possible that this protective effect may eventually shift to a risk factor by allowing individuals with a low SR to persist in a pattern of hazardous drinking.
The Effect of Transglutaminase on Rheology and Texture of Fermented Milk Products
Authors: Iličić Mirela D. , Milanović Spasenija D. , Carić Marijana Ð. , Vukić Vladimir R. , Kanurić Katarina G. , Ranogajec Marjan I. , Hrnjez Dajana V. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of transglutaminase (TG) addition on rheological properties, textural characteristics and microstructure of fermented milk products manufactured by different starters (probiotics and kombucha inoculum). Rheological analysis revealed that all manufactured fermented milk products had higher storage modulus than loss modulus and exhibited thixotropic and a typical shear thinning behavior. The addition of TG in milk increased approximately 10.5% hysteresis loop area, 39% firmness and 48% consistency in sample produced with probiotic starter and had more firm and stable gel structure than kombucha fermented milk products. The scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that casein matrix of fermented milk products containing TG is continuous and uninterrupted except for void spaces occupied by milk serum and starter culture cell.Practical ApplicationsTransglutaminase (TG) is a transferase that forms inter‐ and intramolecular isopeptide bounds in and between many proteins by cross‐linking of the amino acid residues of protein‐bound glutamine and lysine. Among the dairy proteins, the casein fraction represents a favorable substrate for TG, mainly due to the highly accessible and flexible open chain structure. Heat treatment prior to cross‐linking is necessary because the reactivity of TG is very low in unheated or pasteurized milk, despite the high reactivity of the casein. In the case of low‐fat products, behavior of milk proteins during the gelation process is of particular importance. Cross‐linking of preheated milk with reduced fat content results in improved gel firmness and reduced syneresis of acid‐induced milk protein gels. Also, TG treatment at optimal technological parameters, pH value and temperature of milk, can solve these problems in kombucha fermented milk products, improving firmness, consistency and viscosity of gel.
Lessons Learned
Authors: Caughie Pamela L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDebates such as the one taken up here on the future of women’s literature in modernist studies define the peculiar temporality of feminism. The temporality of feminism, it seems, is consumed by frequently recurring moments of questioning its current relevance. Detailing various positions on the question of the place of women’s writing in the new modernist studies, these seven essays model again and again strategies for feminist modernist scholarship. Insofar as this cluster of essays provides numerous examples of how feminist work is being carried out in modernist studies today, this debate confirms that the end of feminism seems always to be anticipated too soon.
1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its nuclear receptor repress human α1(I) collagen expression and type I collagen formation
Authors: Potter James J. , Liu Xiaopu , Koteish Ayman , Mezey Esteban 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D deficiency is common in chronic liver disease particularly in those with severe liver fibrosis.AimsTo determine the effect of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25‐(OH)2D3) on the human α1(I) collagen promoter and collagen formation by human stellate LX‐2 cells and the mechanism of the effect of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) on the promoter.MethodsType I collagen was assessed by measurements of collagen mRNA and collagen protein and by transfection experiments. Binding of VDR to the α1(I) collagen promoter was determined by EMSA and ChIP assays.Results1,25‐(OH)2D3 decreased human α1(I) collagen mRNA and protein and the secretion of type I collagen by stellate cells after exposure to TGFβ1. Furthermore, 1,25‐(OH)2D3 inhibited TGFβ1–induced activation of the α1(I) collagen promoter in transfected LX‐2 cells. The effect of 1,25‐(OH)2D3 is mediated by the VDR, which binds at a proximal Sp1 site and also at a newly identified distal site on the collagen promoter. A VDR expression vector reduced the activities of the collagen promoter in transfected LX‐2 cells.Conclusions1,25‐(OH)2D3 inhibits type I collagen formation in human stellate cells. The effect of 1,25‐(OH)2D3 is mediated by its receptor which binds at a proximal Sp1.1 site and at a newly identified distal site on the collagen promoter. Correction of vitamin D deficiency in patients with chronic liver disease is a potential therapy to inhibit progression of fibrosis.
Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequence of Pseudomonas viridiflava, a Bacterium Species Pathogenic to Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lefort Francois , Calmin Gautier , Crovadore Julien , Osteras Magne , Farinelli Laurent 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

We report here the first whole-genome shotgun sequence of
Pseudomonas viridiflava
strain UASWS38, a bacterium species pathogenic to the biological model plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
but also usable as a biological control agent and thus of great scientific interest for understanding the genetics of plant-microbe interactions.
Critical incident reporting in emergency medicine: results of the prehospital reports
Authors: Hohenstein Christian , Hempel Dorothea , Schultheis Kerstin , Lotter Oliver , Fleischmann Thomas 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundMedical errors frequently contribute to morbidity and mortality. Prehospital emergency medicine is prone to incidents that can lead to immediate deadly consequences. Critical incident reporting can identify typical problems and be the basis for structured risk management in order to reduce and mitigate these incidents.MethodsWe set up a free access internet website for German-speaking countries, with an anonymous reporting system for emergency medical services personnel. After a 7-year study period, an expert team analysed and classified the incidents into staff related, equipment related, organisation and tactics, or other.Results845 reports were entered in the study period. Physicians reported 44% of incidents, paramedics 42%. Most patients were in a life-threatening or potentially life-threatening situation (82%), and only 53% of all incidents had no influence on the outcome of the patient. Staff-related problems were responsible for 56% of the incidents, when it came to harm, 78% of these incidents were staff related.ConclusionsIncident reporting in prehospital emergency medicine can identify system weaknesses. Most of the incidents were reported during care of patients in life-threatening conditions with a high impact on patient outcome. Staff-related problems contributed to the most frequent and most severe incidents.
Bursaphelenchus koreanus sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) in packaging wood from South Korea
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Wang Jiangling , Chen Xianfeng 
Published: January 2013

Bursaphelenchus koreanus sp. n., isolated in Ningbo, P.R. China, from packaging wood made from Pinus sp. imported from South Korea, is described. It is characterised by a slim body (a = 28-35), lateral field with four lines, excretory pore located at level of, or slightly posterior to, median bulb, vulva at 75% of total body length, presence of a distinct vulval flap in lateral view, post-uterine branch extending for ca two-thirds of vulva-anus distance, female tail conical and ventrally bent with slightly pointed, irregular or roughened terminus (c′ = 4.1), spicules large and arcuate (27-34 μm) with pointed rostrum, cucullus visible but sometimes reduced to a small blunt extension. The new species belongs to the xylophilus group and is most similar to B. luxuriosae and B. paraluxuriosae. It is distinguished from other Bursaphelenchus species by morphology, ITS-RFLP patterns and sequencing results.
L'algèbre de Hopf et le groupe de Galois motiviques d'un corps de caractéristique nulle, I
Authors: Ayoub Joseph 
Published: January 2013

Abstract.
C'est le premier volet d'une série de deux articles visant
à construire et étudier des groupes de Galois motiviques
dans le cadre des motifs triangulés.
On développe d'abord un formalisme général permettant d'associer à un foncteur monoïdal f, satisfaisant à certaines conditions naturelles, une algèbre de Hopf dans la catégorie monoïdale but de f. Ce formalisme sera ensuite appliqué à la réalisation de Betti des motifs de Morel–Voevodsky sur un corps de base k muni d'un plongement complexe

σ
:
k
↪
ℂ

$\sigma :k\hookrightarrow \mathbb {C}$

. On obtient ainsi une algèbre de Hopf

ℋ

m
o
t

(
k
,
σ
)

$\mathcal {H}_{\textup {mot}}(k,\sigma )$

de la catégorie dérivée des ℚ-espaces vectoriels. En utilisant le théorème de comparaison entre cohomologie singulière et cohomologie de De Rham, on obtient une description explicite de l'algèbre unitaire

ℋ

m
o
t

(
k
,
σ
)

⊗
ℂ

$\mathcal {H}_{\textup {mot}}(k,\sigma )\otimes \mathbb {C}$

montrant en particulier que le complexe

ℋ

m
o
t

(
k
,
σ
)

$\mathcal {H}_{\textup {mot}}(k,\sigma )$

n'a pas d'homologie en degrés strictement négatifs. On en déduit une structure de ℚ-algèbre de Hopf sur le 0-ième groupe d'homologie de

ℋ

m
o
t

(
k
,
σ
)

$\mathcal {H}_{\textup {mot}}(k,\sigma )$

dont le
spectre sera baptisé le groupe de Galois motivique.
Crystal structure of aqua-bis-1,10-phenanthroline-tetrafluorophthlatonickel( II)sesquihydrate, [Ni(C8F4O4)(C12H8N2)2)(H2O)](H2O)1.5, C32H21F4N4NiO6.5
Authors: Liu Yuan-Ying , Guo Jin-Fu , Li Hui-Yun , Zhao Guo-Yan 
Published: January 2013

Abstract C32H21F4N4NiO6.5, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 16.201(3) Å, b = 14.831(3) Å, c = 25.798(5) Å, β = 105.16(3)°, V = 5983.0 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0363, wRref(F2) = 0.0891, T = 293 K.
Performance of a new split digital phase lock loop in additive wideband Gaussian noise
Authors: Sarkar Surjadeep , Maulik Ujjwal , Biswas Baidyanath 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a new split digital phase lock loop (DPLL) in the presence of additive wideband Gaussian noise. The proposed new loop incorporates an additional phase modulation input along with its frequency modulation input in the digitally controlled oscillator of the loop. The present loop eliminates the deleterious effects of wideband Gaussian noise. A better output signal‐to‐noise ratio is achieved using the new split‐loop DPLL. In the design of the loop, the interaction between the loop and the radio frequency filters is avoided by using an in‐phase and quadrature‐phase digitally control oscillator. The proposed split‐loop DPLL is simulated using MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA)/Simulink environment and System Generator, a tool from Xilinx (Xilinx, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA) used for field programmable gate array design, as well as implemented on a Spartan 3E Starter Kit board. The design is implemented on field programmable gate array using the VHDL [Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) Hardware Description Language] language on Xilinx ISE 13.1. The proposed split‐loop DPLL proves to be better than the conventional split‐loop DPLL from the standpoint of the settling time, the peak time, the rise time, and the peak overshoot as well as from the standpoint of the BER performance for a typical binary phase‐shift keying system and validates against the MATLAB/Simulink results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.