bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of Plasmodium vivax FK506‐binding protein 25 reveals conformational changes responsible for its noncanonical activity
Authors: Rajan Sreekanth , Austin David , Harikishore Amaravadhi , Nguyen Quoc Toan , Baek Kwanghee , Yoon Ho Sup 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe malarial parasites currently remain one of the most dreadful parasites, which show increasing trend of drug resistance to the currently available antimalarial drugs. Thus, the need to identify and characterize new protein targets in these parasites can aid to design novel therapeutic strategies to combat malaria. Recently, the conserved FK506‐binding protein family members with molecular weight of 35 kDa from Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax (referred to as PfFKBP35 and PvFKBP35, respectively) were identified for drug targeting. Further data mining revealed a 25‐kDa FKBP (FKBP25) family member present in the parasites. FKBP25 belongs to a unique class of FKBP, because it is a nuclear FKBP with multiple protein‐binding partners. Apart from immune regulation, it is also known for its chaperoning role in various cellular processes such as transcription regulation and trafficking. Here, we present the biochemical characterization and 1.9‐Å crystal structure of an N‐terminal truncated FKBP25 from P. vivax (PvFKBP2572–209). The protein reveals the noncanonical nature with unique structural changes observed in the loops flanking the active site, concealing the binding pocket. Further, a potential calmodulin‐binding domain, which is absent in human FKBP25, is observed in this protein. Although the functional implication of Plasmodium FKBP25 in malaria still remains elusive, we speculate that the notable conformational changes in its structure might serve as an overture in understanding its molecular mechanism. Proteins 2014; 82:1235–1244. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and dielectric properties of the KBiScNbO6 double perovskite
Authors: Ivanov Oleg , Danshina Elena , Sudzhanskaya Irina , Vasil'ev Alexei 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCeramic KBiScNbO6 compound was synthesized for the first time. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that at room temperature the samples consist of a mixture of the perovskite and pyrochlore phases. The dominant phase is the perovskite one. This phase can be described as distorted pseudocubic Pm3m structure with unit‐cell parameter ac = 4.069 Å. Rhombohedral distortion leading the polar R3m phase is assumed to be one of possible structural distortions. Dielectric measurements of the compound under study demonstrated anomalies associated with relaxor ferroelectric behavior (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of hydrometeor frequency of occurrence in a limited‐area numerical weather prediction system using near real‐time CloudSat–CALIPSO observations
Authors: Protat A. , Young S. A. , Rikus L. , Whimpey M. 
Published: December 2013

Near real‐time measurements from the CloudSat and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) mission are used to evaluate the representation of the hydrometeor frequency of occurrence (HFO) in the limited‐area version of the Australian Community Climate and Earth‐System Simulator (ACCESS‐A), using 1 year of collocated satellite data and model forecasts. The ACCESS‐A is found to overpredict the HFO below 12 km height (primarily over the Southern Ocean), and largely underpredict the HFO above 12 km height (primarily in the Tropics). The seasonal variability of these biases was found to be small suggesting that these model problems can be investigated with short‐term simulations. This implies that faster model improvement should be achievable using the technique proposed in this study.Selected skill scores were then analysed as a function of lead time, hydrometeor height in the troposphere and season. The highest forecast skill was found in the subtropics, mostly owing to a low incidence of false positives. Overall the ACCESS‐A forecast skill at the Southern Hemisphere mid‐latitudes is comparable to that of the North Atlantic/European version of the UK Met Office Unified Model at Northern Hemisphere mid‐latitudes. It is also found that mid‐latitude low‐level hydrometeors and tropical low‐level and high‐level hydrometeors during the Southern Hemisphere summer are the most challenging hydrometeors to simulate in the domain.
Design of the multi‐objective constrained nonlinear robust excitation controller with extended Kalman filter estimates of all state variables
Authors: Zhifeng Gu , Guixin Yang , Changqing Zhu , Tianzhang Shao 
Published: December 2013

SummaryA new optimal back‐stepping robust adaptive control method for the military moving power station (MMPS) excitation system is proposed in this paper. Through the extended Kalman filter estimates of the state variables, the tracking of the operating point, and the back‐stepping technique, the proposed controller has been shown to improve system robustness to disturbances and dynamic uncertainties and minimise the effect of disturbances by solving the linear matrix inequality to obtain the optimal control law on all operating points. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can enhance the transient stability of the MMPS excitation system more effectively than other methods and can optimise the convergence rates of the state variables by modifying the values of the weighting matrices. Moreover, the terminal voltage of the MMPS can be sampled quickly by alternating current (AC) tracking comparison. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Brown and White Adipocytes: Role of Pax3
Authors: Mohsen-Kanson Tala , Hafner Anne-Laure , Wdziekonski Brigitte , Takashima Yasuhiro , Villageois Phi , Carrière Audrey , Svensson Maria , Bagnis Claude , Chignon-Sicard Bérengère , Svensson Per-Arne , Casteilla Louis , Smith Austin , Dani Christian 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Identification of molecular mechanisms involved in generation of different types of adipocytes is progressing substantially in mice. However, much less is known regarding characterization of brown (BAP) and white adipocyte progenitors (WAPs) in humans, highlighting the need for an in vitro model of human adipocyte development. Here, we report a procedure to selectively derive BAP and WAPs from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Molecular characterization of APs of both phenotypes revealed that BMP4, Hox8, Hoxc9, and HoxA5 genes were specifically expressed in WAPs, whereas expression of PRDM16, Dio2, and Pax3 marked BAPs. We focused on Pax3 and we showed that expression of this transcription factor was enriched in human perirenal white adipose tissue samples expressing UCP1 and in human classical brown fat. Finally, functional experiments indicated that Pax3 was a critical player of human AP fate as its ectopic expression led to convert WAPs into brown-like APs. Together, these data support a model in which Pax3 is a new marker of human BAPs and a molecular mediator of their fate. The findings of this study could lead to new anti-obesity therapies based on the recruitment of APs and constitute a platform for investigating in vitro the developmental origins of human white and brown adipocytes. Stem Cells 2014;32:1459–1467
Stable High‐Nitrogen Energetic Trinuclear Compounds based on 4‐Amino‐3, 5‐dimethyl‐1, 2, 4‐triazole: Synthesis, Structures, Thermal and Explosive Properties
Authors: Wu Bi‐Dong , Bi Yan‐Gang , Zhou Ming‐Rui , Zhang Tong‐Lai , Yang Li , Zhou Zun‐Ning , Zhang Jian‐Guo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSix multi‐ligand coordination compounds of the general formula [M3(AMTz)4(N3)6] [M = Cu (1), Co (2), Ni (3), Zn (4), Mn (5), and Cd (6), AMTz = 4‐amino‐3, 5‐dimethyl‐1, 2, 4‐triazole] were synthesized using 4‐amino‐3, 5‐dimethyl‐1, 2, 4‐triazole (AMTz) and azido groups. Compounds 1–6 were characterized by elemental analysis and FT‐IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, compound 4 was characterized by X‐ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of 4 belongs to the monoclinic P21/c space group. Surprisingly, the Zn1 cations are five‐coordinated with two AMTz molecules as the bidentate ligands through N1 and N5 atoms, two azido ligands with μ‐1 coordination modes and one azido ligand with μ‐1, 1 coordination mode. In addition, the Zn2 cation is six‐coordinated with four AMTz molecules as the bidentate ligands through N2 and N6 atoms, and two azido ligands with μ‐1, 1 coordination modes. Thermal decomposition mechanisms were determined based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and kinetic parameters of the first exothermic process were studied using Kissinger's and Ozawa's method, respectively. The critical temperatures of thermal explosion, entropies of activation (ΔS≠), enthalpies of activation (ΔH≠), and free energies of activation (ΔG≠) were calculated. In the end, the sensitivities properties were also determined with standard methods.
[Bi4]6– – The Zintl Anion with the Highest Charge per Atom Obtained from Solution
Authors: Benda Christian B. , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract From the dark‐purple solution of the Zintl phase KBi in liquid ammonia dark‐blue crystals of the ammonia solvate K6[Bi4](NH3)8 were obtained. In contrast to known Bin polyanions the chemical bond in the anion [Bi4]6– is in accordance with the (8‐N) rule featuring solely Bi–Bi single bonds. [Bi4]6– is a butane‐analog valence compound, and with 6 negative charges per 4 atoms it is the anion with the highest known charge per atom obtained from solution. The planarity of the trans‐[Bi4]6– unit hints at π orbital contributions of the bismuth atoms. The corresponding reactions of the phases K5Bi4 and K3Bi2 in liquid ammonia in the presence of [2.2.2]crypt(4, 7, 13, 16, 21, 24‐hexaoxa‐1, 10‐diazabicyclo‐[8.8.8]hexacosane) lead to the salt [K([2.2.2]crypt)]2[Bi2](NH3)4 with the known electron‐deficient [Bi2]2– polyanion and a Bi=Bi double bond.
Magnetic Ordering in the Solid Solution CePt1–xPdxAl (x = 0.1–0.8)
Authors: Eilers‐Rethwisch Matthias , Niehaus Oliver , Janka Oliver 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn order to investigate the magnetic properties of the solid solution CePt1–xPdxAl the individual compounds were synthesized from the elements using an arc furnace. From x = 0–0.8 the solid solution crystallizes in the orthorhombic TiNiSi‐type structure (Pnma, no. 62; a = 721–722, b = 448–453 and c = 778–779 pm) and for x = 0.9 both the TiNiSi‐ as well as the hexagonal ZrNiAl‐type structures were observed. The solid solution exhibits an interesting magnetic behavior as for small values of x ferromagnetic ordering can be found. At higher palladium content this changes towards an antiferromagnetic ordering. Furthermore the solid solution exhibits a spin‐reorientation (meta‐magnetic step) for x = 0.2–0.7.
Diagnostic Exome Sequencing Identifies Two Novel IQSEC2 Mutations Associated with X‐Linked Intellectual Disability with Seizures: Implications for Genetic Counseling and Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Gandomi Stephanie K. , Farwell Gonzalez K. D. , Parra M. , Shahmirzadi L. , Mancuso J. , Pichurin P. , Temme R. , Dugan S. , Zeng W. , Tang Sha 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIntellectual disability is a heterogeneous disorder with a wide phenotypic spectrum. Over 1,700 OMIM genes have been associated with this condition, many of which reside on the X‐chromosome. The IQSEC2 gene is located on chromosome Xp11.22 and is known to play a significant role in the maintenance and homeostasis of the brain. Mutations in IQSEC2 have been historically associated with nonsyndromic X‐linked intellectual disability. Case reports of affected probands show phenotypic overlap with conditions associated with pathogenic MECP2, FOXG1, CDKL5, and MEF2C gene mutations. Affected individuals, however, have also been identified as presenting with additional clinical features including seizures, autistic‐behavior, psychiatric problems, and delayed language skills. To our knowledge, only 5 deleterious mutations and 2 intragenic duplications have been previously reported in IQSEC2. Here we report two novel IQSEC2 de novo truncating mutations identified through diagnostic exome sequencing in two severely affected unrelated male probands manifesting developmental delay, seizures, hypotonia, plagiocephaly, and abnormal MRI findings. Overall, diagnostic exome sequencing established a molecular diagnosis for two patients in whom traditional testing methods were uninformative while expanding on the mutational and phenotypic spectrum. In addition, our data suggests that IQSEC2 may be more common than previously appreciated, accounting for approximately 9 % (2/22) of positive findings among patients with seizures referred for diagnostic exome sequencing. Further, these data supports recently published data suggesting that IQSEC2 plays a more significant role in the development of X‐linked intellectual disability with seizures than previously anticipated.
A MALDI MS Investigation of the Lysophosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylcholine Ratio in Human Spermatozoa and Erythrocytes as a Useful Fertility Marker
Authors: Nimptsch Ariane , Pyttel Susanne , Paasch Uwe , Mohr Christoph , Heinrich Jan‐Michael , Schiller Jürgen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe human spermatozoa membrane is characterized by a unique fatty acyl composition with significant amounts of highly unsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (22:6), whereby phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) (16:0/22:6) is the most abundant glycerophospholipid. The large amount of highly unsaturated fatty acyl residues is crucial for the fluidity of the membrane and, therefore, the successful fertilization process. Consequently, however, the spermatozoa are very sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated under conditions of “oxidative stress” and key players in many pathological conditions. Lipid oxidation of the sperm membrane is accompanied by the loss of the oxidatively modified unsaturated residue (normally in thesn‐2 position) and the generation of saturated lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPtdCho). Although other lysolipids are also generated, LysoPtdCho is the “marker” lipid of choice due to the high abundance of PtdCho. In particular, obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2) is characterized by increased ROS generation and negatively affects the reproductive potential. We will show here that the LysoPtdCho/PtdCho ratio can be easily determined by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). The data found do correlate with clinical markers of sperm quality. A very interesting aspect is that the LysoPtdCho/PtdCho ratios determined in the spermatozoa extracts correlate with the LysoPtdCho/PtdCho values determined in the organic extracts of erythrocytes. Thus, there is no absolute need for a sperm investigation, but an estimation of the fertilizing ability of the corresponding male could be also made directly from the blood which is more readily available than the spermatozoa.
Spatial simulation of channel flow instability and control
Authors: Kucala Alec , Biringen Sedat 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA direct numerical simulation is performed on the full time-dependent three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations in a spatially developing plane-channel flow at a Reynolds number of 10 000. Two-dimensional eigenfunctions based on the solution of the Orr–Sommerfeld equation are introduced at the inflow with random noise added to simulate a vibrating ribbon transition experiment. The flow is allowed to choose a natural path to secondary instability, either K-type (after Klebanoff) or H-type (after Herbert), depending on the amplitude of the two-dimensional disturbance. For low-amplitude two-dimensional disturbances (1 % of the centreline velocity), H-type modes are found to dominate, while a doubling of the amplitude (2 % of the centreline velocity) produces a mixed H-type/K-type disturbance field with explosive growth of the secondary modes. In addition, the use of a suction/blowing slot that is phase lagged with respect to a fixed wall pressure signal is demonstrated to significantly reduce the energy in the primary mode owing to the destruction of phase between the streamwise and wall-normal velocity components. The use of forward finite-time Lyapunov exponents to generate Lagrangian coherent structures as a means of flow visualization is also presented, showing qualitative agreement with previous experimental visualizations, and represents a viable means of identifying characteristic vortical flow structures.
Spatial variation in the foraging behaviour of the Galapagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki) assessed using scat collections and stable isotope analysis
Authors: Páez-Rosas Diego , Aurioles-Gamboa David 
Published: December 2013

This study focuses on the comparative analysis of variables related to the trophic niche plasticity in the Galapagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki). There is great concern regarding the future of this species, so study of the diet and the way these animals obtain their food is useful to understand and predict their survival possibilities in the long term. The combined use of scat analysis and stable isotopes helps to determine foraging habits of this species in greater detail. The objective of the study was to assess the feeding habits of Z. wollebaeki and its space–time variation. The scat analysis (n = 200) gave as a result space–time changes in the foraging strategies of this species. The isotopic values (n = 80) showed differences in relation to foraging grounds (δ13C: P = 0.001), but also suggested an apparent stability in the trophic level of their diet (δ15N: P = 0.084). These results constitute a relevant finding in the evolutionary behaviour of the species, showing that Z. wollebaeki has developed a high degree of plasticity in its foraging habits that may improve its survival in a highly demanding ecosystem in terms of limited and fluctuating resources.
Active exploration using a scheme for autonomous allocation of landmarks
Authors: Yuan Jing , Huang Yalou , Sun Fengchi , Tao Tong 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we focus on the unknown environments without artificial landmarks and features, such as disaster situations and polar regions. An approach to active exploration based on an on-line scheme for autonomous allocation of landmarks is proposed. Specifically, the robot carries along with itself some landmarks which are to be allocated during the exploration according to some heuristic rules. The utility of landmark allocation is analyzed and calculated. Then the active exploration is converted into a problem of multi-objective optimization. The objective function includes three weighted terms: the accuracy of localization and mapping, the coverage rate of the unknown environment and the utility of the allocated landmarks. By solving this optimization problem, control inputs of the robot are computed to guarantee that accurate localization, high-quality mapping and complete exploration can be achieved simultaneously. Moreover, supplementation and redundancy elimination of the allocated landmarks are executed to make a complete and non-redundant coverage for the environment. Finally, some landmarks, together with a device for allocating these landmarks, are developed. Both experiment and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Uniqueness of renormalized solutions to nonlinear parabolic problems with lower-order terms
Authors: Nardo Rosaria Di , Feo Filomena , Guibé Olivier 
Published: December 2013

We consider a general class of parabolic equations of the typewith Dirichlet boundary conditions and with a right-hand side belonging to L1 + Lp′ (W−1, p′). Using the framework of renormalized solutions we prove uniqueness results under appropriate growth conditions and Lipschitz-type conditions on a(u, ∇u), K(u) and H(∇u).
Suppression of DNA-damage checkpoint signaling by Rsk-mediated phosphorylation of Mre11
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhang Liguo , Huang Nai-Jia , Huang Bofu , Kornbluth Sally 
Published: December 2013

Significance
We have identified a pathway that links MAPK/ribosomal s6 kinase (Rsk) signaling to the inhibition of the response to a double-stranded break (DSB) in DNA, potentially explaining radioresistance in tumors with high rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (Raf)/MAPK/Rsk activity. The locus of this regulation was identified as meiotic recombination 11, whose phosphorylation by Rsk prevented its DNA binding and consequent activation of the central DSB checkpoint regulator, ataxia telangiectasia mutant.
DELLA proteins regulate arbuscule formation in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Floss Daniela S. , Levy Julien G. , Lévesque-Tremblay Véronique , Pumplin Nathan , Harrison Maria J. 
Published: December 2013

SignificanceArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic interaction formed between most land plants and soil fungi. During symbiosis the fungus develops branched hyphae, known as arbuscules, inside the root cortical cells. Arbuscules are critical to the symbiosis and function in phosphate delivery to the plant. Here we show that arbuscule formation is regulated by DELLA proteins. DELLA proteins are negative regulators of gibberellic acid (GA) signaling and repress plant growth and development. Our data provide insights into regulation of arbuscule formation and identify a potential mechanism by which the plant can coordinate the symbiosis with its growth and nutrient status.
Lower and upper stem–single-stranded RNA junctions together determine the Drosha cleavage site
Authors: Ma Hongming , Wu Yonggan , Choi Jang-Gi , Wu Haoquan 
Published: December 2013

Significance
MicroRNA genes are transcribed as long primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and then processed by the Drosha–DGCR8 (DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8) complex into ∼60-nt pre-miRNAs, which is the key step of miRNA biogenesis. How exactly the Drosha–DGCR8 complex recognizes pri-miRNAs and selects the processing site is not well understood. Here we developed a unique approach to examining the details of how this complex chooses the processing site in human cells. Our study yields new knowledge of how the Drosha–DGCR8 complex determines its processing sites and also provides an explanation for how 5′ isomiRs are generated in some miRNAs, which is another interesting but not clearly understood phenomenon in miRNA biogenesis.
Consumer diversity across kingdoms supports multiple functions in a coastal ecosystem
Authors: Hensel Marc J. S. , Silliman Brian R. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Societies value most natural ecosystems because they provide many different individual benefits all at once. However, species extinctions have threatened ecosystems' ability to function this way. Our study provides a real-world example that the loss of key species from a salt marsh can have profound impacts on the overall performance of an ecosystem. Our findings also suggest that the ability for nature to perform well at multiple levels may depend on having many distantly related species present, increasing the chances of maximizing different functions and services. Salt marshes provide many services to humans, including water filtration and coastal buffering, and this study shows that these processes are likely enhanced by the presence of a diverse community of consumers.