bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative risk assessment in the early stages of a CO2 geological storage project: implementation of a practical approach in an uncertain context
Authors: de Lary Louis , Manceau Jean‐Charles , Loschetter Annick , Rohmer Jeremy , Bouc Olivier , Gravaud Isaline , Chiaberge Christophe , Willaume Pierre , Yalamas Thierry 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMethodologies for quantitative risk assessment regarding CO2 storage operations are currently scarce, mostly because of the lack of experience in this field and the relatively significant degree of uncertainty regarding the subsurface intrinsic properties and the processes occurring after the injection starts. This paper presents a practical approach designed to perform a quantitative risk assessment in an uncertain context. Our approach is illustrated by a realistic case study (Paris Basin, France), conceived to be representative of the level of information available in the early stages of a project. It follows the risk assessment principles from the international standards (ISO 31000:2009), which are adapted to account for the specificities and challenges of subsurface operations. After the establishment of the context of the specific case study, the main risks are identified and we analyze two different risk scenarios: risk of brine leakage from an abandoned well and risk of subsurface use conflict.These scenarios were selected to give a comprehensive overview of different types of analysis in terms of available data, modeling tools and uncertainty management methodologies. The main benefit of this paper is to propose an approach, based on existing risk assessment standards, best practices, and analysis tools, which allows an objective quantitative risk analysis taking into account the uncertainties, and therefore enabling fully informed decision‐making while evaluating risk acceptability.
Bone Geometry, Volumetric Density, Microarchitecture, and Estimated Bone Strength Assessed by HR-pQCT in Adult Patients With Hypophosphatemic Rickets
Authors: Shanbhogue Vikram V , Hansen Stinus , Folkestad Lars , Brixen Kim , Beck-Nielsen Signe Sparre 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) is characterized by a generalized mineralization defect. Although densitometric studies have found the patients to have an elevated bone mineral density (BMD), data on bone geometry and microstructure are scarce. The aim of this cross-sectional in vivo study was to assess bone geometry, volumetric BMD (vBMD), microarchitecture, and estimated bone strength in adult patients with HR using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Twenty-nine patients (aged 19 to 79 years; 21 female, 8 male patients), 26 of whom had genetically proven X-linked HR, were matched with respect to age and sex with 29 healthy subjects. Eleven patients were currently receiving therapy with calcitriol and phosphate for a median duration of 29.1 years (12.0 to 43.0 years). Because of the disproportionate short stature in HR, the region of interest in HR-pQCT images at the distal radius and tibia were placed in a constant proportion to the entire length of the bone in both patients and healthy volunteers. In age- and weight-adjusted models, HR patients had significantly higher total bone cross-sectional areas (radius 36%, tibia 20%; both p &lt; 0.001) with significantly higher trabecular bone areas (radius 49%, tibia 14%; both p &lt; 0.001) compared with controls. In addition, HR patients had lower total vBMD (radius −20%, tibia −14%; both p &lt; 0.01), cortical vBMD (radius −5%, p &lt; 0.001), trabecular number (radius −13%, tibia −14%; both p &lt; 0.01), and cortical thickness (radius −19%; p &lt; 0.01) compared with controls, whereas trabecular spacing (radius 18%, tibia 23%; p &lt; 0.01) and trabecular network inhomogeneity (radius 29%, tibia 40%; both p &lt; 0.01) were higher. Estimated bone strength was similar between the groups. In conclusion, in patients with HR, the negative impact of lower vBMD and trabecular number on bone strength seems to be compensated by an increase in bone diameter, resulting in HR patients having normal estimates of bone strength. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Using Novel Method to Detect Different Cancer‐Cell Stages of Model Human Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Hao‐Yuan , Ko Fu‐Hsiang , Lai Lee‐Jene 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundSynchrotron radiation infrared (SR‐IR) microspectroscopy and SR‐IR spectroscopic imaging are extremely valuable techniques for determining the molecular composition of biological and biomedical samples. In this work, SR‐IR is applied in the study of the lung cancer cells in different cell cycles.
MethodsWe use a novel synchrotron based radiation infrared system combined synchronized model human lung carcinoma to reveal its unique character pattern.ResultsAfter using SR‐IR microspectroscopy, we discovered that the ratio of protein to lipid in G1 and G2 states is around 4.0 and 6.1, respectively. Moreover, for the DNA at the wavenumber position of 1225 cm−1, the intensity ratio of G2 state to G1 state is approximately 1.6. These data indicate that the cell in G1 state has more lipid composition to prepare for the DNA synthesis, but the cell in G2 state has more protein composition to prepare for the mitosis. The cell has larger DNA concentration in G2 state, which can be explained for the DNA synthesis.ConclusionThrough our research, we demonstrate that different growth state of cancer cell presenting unique functional groups concentration profiles and distribution via using SR‐IR microspectrometry. These applications will provide another ways to improve modern cancer screening in the future.
A mass transport/kinetic model for the description of inulin hydrolysis by immobilized inulinase
Authors: Curcio Stefano , Ricca Emanuele , Saraceno Alessandra , Iorio Gabriele , Calabrò Vincenza 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDInulin is a polydisperse carbohydrate consisting of β(2 → 1) fructosyl–fructose links; at one end of the molecule, a glucose residue may be present. The enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin by inulinase represents a promising alternative for the production of fructose and fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) However, the studies reported in the literature do not take into account the variability of molecular weight of the inulin, which significantly affects the kinetics of bioconversion.RESULTSIn this paper a mass transport/kinetic model is proposed with the aim of describing inulin enzymatic hydrolysis catalyzed by immobilized inulinase. The proposed model takes into account both kinetic and mass transfer phenomena and quantified their respective significance through the evaluation of the effectiveness factor. The model was able to predict the effect of molecular weight and poly‐dispersity of inulin on both enzyme intrinsic kinetics and mass transfer. This was confirmed by a favourable comparison between a set of experimental results and model predictions, which offered a realistic representation of system behavior over a wide range of operating conditions.CONCLUSIONAlthough developed with reference to inulin hydrolysis, the proposed approach, due to its versatility and generality, can also be applied to model the enzymatic hydrolysis of different types of polysaccharides. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimization of degradation of winery‐derived biomass waste by Ascomycetes
Authors: Karpe Avinash V. , Beale David J. , Harding Ian H. , Palombo Enzo A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, winery wastes have been classified as pollutants by the European Union and post‐product processing is required to lower their hazards. Individual fungal enzymes have limited capacity so mixed fungal degradation combined with pre‐treatment can decrease biomass recalcitrance for more efficient breakdown, overcoming these limitations.RESULTSWinery biomass degradation by a mixture of Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and P. citrinum in submerged fermentation and solid state fermentation (SSF) was evaluated. Higher cellulase and β‐glucosidase activities were observed in SSF and submerged fermentation, respectively. Statistical modelling predicted the fungal percentage ratio of 60:14:4:2 for A. niger: P. chrysogenum: T. harzianum: P citrinum with a substrate:medium ratio of 0.39:1. Under the optimized conditions, cellulase, xylanase and β‐glucosidase activities increased to 78.5, 3544.7 and 250.9 U mL−1, respectively. Cellulases and xylanases activities increased more than two‐fold. Lignin degradation increased from 8% in submerged fermentation (P. chrysogenum) to 17.9% under optimized conditions. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis identified 78 significant metabolites, of which stigmasterol, glycerol, maleic acid, xylitol and citric acid were generated by fungal degradation.CONCLUSIONSEnhanced degradation of winery‐derived biomass was achieved using mixed fungal cultures. GC‐MS analysis indicated the production of commercially important metabolites during the process. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Care and career: A family identity‐based typology of dual‐earner couples
Authors: Masterson Courtney R. , Hoobler Jenny M. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe rise of dual‐earner couples challenges traditional gender stereotypes of women as “caregivers” and men as “breadwinners” and significantly impacts the ways in which partners define their roles as family members. The way in which individuals construe their family identities has implications not only for the decisions they make at home but also decisions in the workplace. In this paper, we propose an updated understanding of the different ways in which men and women can construe their family identity—specifically, in terms of care and/or career. Based upon this nuanced understanding of family identity, we outline five dual‐earner couple types—traditional,non‐traditional,family first,outsourced, andegalitarian—that stem from distinct combinations of partners' family identities. We also outline an agenda for theory and research that challenges scholars to further explore our proposed construals of family identity, work–family decisions at the couple level of analysis, and the interplay between family identity and social context. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends in daily temperature extremes over the Basilicata region (southern Italy) from 1951 to 2010 in a Mediterranean climatic context
Authors: Piccarreta M. , Lazzari M. , Pasini A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTChanges in annual and seasonal temperatures were studied from 18 stations, distributed all over the Basilicata region (southern Italy), for the 1951–2010 period. The analysis is based on high‐quality and homogenous daily minimum and maximum temperatures. Both minimum (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax) temperatures increase, especially after 1971. Seasonal results show upward trends in Tmin in winter, spring and summer, whereas they show downward trends in Tmin in autumn, especially in the last normal 1981–2010. Tmax also shows upward trends in spring and summer, whereas it tends to decrease during winter and autumn. The intra‐annual extreme temperature range (ETR) index also shows a general positive trend, especially during spring. Eleven indices were used to assess the changes in both the cold and warm tails of the daily temperature distribution. The presence of trends was assessed by means of the Mann‐Kendall test. The results reveal a general upward tendency on warm days (TX90), warm nights (TN90) and tropical nights (T20) especially because of an increase in temperature after 1971. This datum is fully confirmed in summer which is the season mainly responsible for this trend. The annual occurrence of summer days (SU) and very warm days (TX99) is weakly increasing. The majority of cold extremes, i.e. very cold nights (TN1), cold days (TX10), cold nights (TN10), frost days (FD) and ice days (ID) showed negative trends, thus confirming the overall warming trend in the Basilicata region. This negative trend could stem from the strong increase of Tmin during winter, spring and summer.
Insights into the Chain and Local Mobility of Some Aromatic Polyamides and Their Influence on the Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Damaceanu Mariana‐Dana , Rusu Radu‐Dan , Cristea Mariana , Musteata Valentina‐Elena , Bruma Maria , Wolinska‐Grabczyk Aleksandra 
Published: July 2014

This study refers to the relationship between the macromolecular structure of two aromatic fluorinated polyamides and their physical properties, with emphasis on the overall and local chain mobility and their influence upon thermal transitions, dielectric relaxations, and gas permeability/selectivity. One polyamide contains naphthalene and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole units in the main chain, while the other is based on an aromatic asymmetrical diamine containing a phenoxy‐substituted benzophenone segment. Free‐standing, tough, and defectless films, having a hydrophobic character are prepared from these polymers and used afterward for various measurements. The polyamide films show excellent thermal stability, their decomposition starting around 400 °C. The dielectric spectroscopy data corroborate the dynamic‐mechanical analysis, showing distinct γ and β sub‐glass relaxations, which are discussed in correlation with the chemical structure of each polymer. The permeability of several gases through these membrane‐forming materials are measured and discussed with respect to the structural variations in the polyamide repeating unit.
image
Low‐Distortion Surface Functionalization of Polymeric Microstructures
Authors: Kuebler Stephen M. , Narayanan Ananthakrishnan , Karas Dale E. , Wilburn Kaley M. 
Published: July 2014

Polymeric microstructures can be immersed in an organic solution containing a reactive linker to functionalize the surface for attachment of nanoparticles, fluorescent dyes, proteins, DNA, and other species. However, organic media can swell and distort polymeric microstructures. Swelling and distortion can be irreversible when the linkers are themselves low‐molecular‐weight organics like ethylenediamine, which can bind to unreacted monomer groups or other functionalities within the polymer matrix. This work introduces an alternative approach for surface functionalization based on aqueous processing using higher‐molecular‐weight amines, which causes less distortion, but is comparably effective. The processes are compared by aminating crosslinked SU‐8 thin films and 3D “woodpile” microstructures, electrolessly depositing copper onto these primed surfaces, and measuring the amount of copper deposited and the degree of distortion caused by amination. The method provides a new route to low‐distortion SU‐8 microstructures and identifies a path for improving related processing with other polymeric materials and structure types.
image
A novel method to measure sensory nerve conduction of the supraclavicular nerve
Authors: Hemmi Shoji , Kurokawa Katsumi , Nagai Taiji , Murakami Tatsufumi , Sunada Yoshihide 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In this report we describe a reliable method for recording sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) of the supraclavicular nerve. Methods: Supraclavicular SNAPs were recorded by placing a surface active electrode at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at a distance of 6 cm from the sternoclavicular joint. The nerve was stimulated at the lower border of the clavicle 4.5 cm lateral to the sternoclavicular joint. Results: Supraclavicular SNAPs were recorded bilaterally from 20 healthy volunteers. Mean onset latency was 1.0 ± 0.2 ms, and mean peak latency was 1.4 ± 0.3 ms. Mean baseline‐to‐peak amplitude for the SNAPs was 6.1 ± 2.2 µV, and mean maximum conduction velocity was 59.8 ± 6.2 m/s. The mean percentage of side‐to‐side difference in amplitude was 12.9 ± 11.0%. Conclusions: Supraclavicular SNAPs could be obtained in all normal subjects. Assessment of supraclavicular nerve conduction is very useful in the diagnosis of supraclavicular neuropathy Muscle Nerve 50: 1005–1007, 2014
The individualized neuromuscular quality of life questionnaire: Cultural translation and psychometric validation for the Dutch population
Authors: Seesing Femke M. , van Vught Lisanne EWM , Rose Michael R. , Drost Gea , van Engelen Baziel G.M. , van der Wilt Gert‐Jan 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn this study we describe the translation and psychometric evaluation of the Dutch Individualized Neuromuscular Quality of Life (INQoL) questionnaire.MethodsBackward and forward translation of the questionnaire was executed, and psychometric properties were assessed on the basis of reliability and validity.ResultsTwo hundred six patients were included in the study. Reliability analyses resulted in Cronbach alpha values of >0.70 for all subdomains. Known‐group validity showed a significant correlation between INQoL scores and severity as well as age for the majority of subdomains. Item‐total correlation for overall quality of life was satisfactory. Concurrent validity with the SF‐36 and EQ‐5D was good (range of Spearman correlation coefficients −0.43 to −0.76).ConclusionsThis study resulted in a questionnaire that is appropiate for use in the Dutch‐speaking population to measure quality of life among patients with a wide variety of muscle disorders. This confirms and extends data obtained in the UK, US, Italy, and Serbia. Muscle Nerve 51: 496–500, 2015
Intraepidermal nerve fiber analysis using immunofluorescence with and without confocal microscopy
Authors: Provitera Vincenzo , Nolano Maria , Stancanelli Annamaria , Caporaso Giuseppe , Vitale Dino F. , Santoro Lucio 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionIntraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) linear density is a reliable tool to detect small‐fiber neuropathies. In immunofluorescence, the IENF count is performed typically by computer‐assisted nerve tracing on confocal images. Alternatively, the count can be performed directly through the oculars of a standard epifluorescence microscope. We specifically compared measures obtained using the 2 methods.MethodsWe compared measures of IENF density in the same 50 skin samples using computer‐assisted image analysis and direct count.ResultsThere was excellent agreement between the 2 methods. Linear regression showed a slope between paired measures virtually equal to 1 (β = 0.99). Bland–Altman analysis showed a mean difference (offset) between the measures of 0.46 ± 0.91 fibers/mm.ConclusionsDirect observation with epifluorescence microscopy proved as reliable as the more time‐consuming 3‐dimensional computer‐assisted analysis of confocal digital images for determining IENF density. Muscle Nerve 51: 501–504, 2015
Summer Freeze: Engaging the Incoming Class to Reduce Admissions Melt
Authors: Allen‐Stuck Kimberly M. , McDevitt Daniel W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPersistence to graduation begins with engaging the incoming class even before they have made a deposit. Saint Joseph's University developed a framework for combatting the admissions summer melt following a summer where 20% of the deposits were withdrawn. By employing tactics to monitor student engagement throughout the summer and connecting with students during the fall semester, the summer melt now averages 8% and retention to the second semester averages 96.5%. Spending time verifying the cohort of first‐time full‐time students and assisting students facing obstacles has greatly improved the student experience and retention. Tactics including University Connectors, a New Student Portal, pre‐enrollment surveys, and a 5th week check‐in are described.
Integrating stochastic reasoning into Event-B development
Authors: Tarasyuk Anton , Troubitsyna Elena , Laibinis Linas 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Dependability is a property of a computer system to deliver services that can be justifiably trusted. Formal modelling and verification techniques are widely used for development of dependable computer-based systems to gain confidence in the correctness of system design. Such techniques include Event-B—a state-based formalism that enables development of systems correct-by-construction. While Event-B offers a scalable approach to ensuring functional correctness of a system, it leaves aside modelling of non-functional critical properties, e.g., reliability and responsiveness, that are essential for ensuring dependability of critical systems. Both reliability, i.e., the probability of the system to function correctly over a given period of time, and responsiveness, i.e., the probability of the system to complete execution of a requested service within a given time bound, are defined as quantitative stochastic measures. In this paper, we propose an extension of the Event-B semantics to enable stochastic reasoning about dependability-related non-functional properties of cyclic systems. We define the requirements that a cyclic system should satisfy and introduce the notions of reliability and responsiveness refinement. Such an extension integrates reasoning about functional correctness and stochastic modelling of non-functional characteristics into the formal system development. It allows the designer to ensure that a developed system does not only correctly implement its functional requirements but also satisfies given non-functional quantitative constraints.
Comparison of FSH and hMG on ovarian stimulation outcome with a GnRH antagonist protocol in younger and advanced reproductive age women
Authors: Tabata Chisa , Fujiwara Toshihiro , Sugawa Miki , Noma Momo , Onoue Hiroki , Kusumi Maki , Watanabe Noriko , Kurosawa Takako , Tsutsumi Osamu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurposeTo compare the embryo outcomes of in vitro fertilization/intra‐cytoplasmic sperm injection with a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study in 465 patients. Stimulation was started by daily FSH injection, and either FSH was continued (FSH alone group) or hMG was administrated (FSH‐hMG group) after administration of a GnRH antagonist. Primary outcomes were the embryo profile (number of retrieved, mature, and fertilized eggs, and morphologically good embryos on day 3) and endocrine profile. Secondary outcomes were the doses and durations of gonadotropin. Data were stratified by the patients’ age into two groups: <35 years and ≥35 years.ResultsIn patients aged <35 years, the number of retrieved oocytes in the FSH alone group was significantly increased than that in the FSH‐hMG group (13.7 vs 9.2, P = 0.04), while there was no difference at other age groups. The FSH‐hMG group required a significantly greater amount of gonadotropins at any age (all ages, P < 0.001; <35 years, P = 0.013; ≥35 years, P < 0.001).ConclusionsExogenous FSH alone is probably sufficient for follicular development and hMG may not improve the embryo profile in a GnRH antagonist protocol across all age.