bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les troubles liés à l’utilisation des opioïdes prescrits médicalement
Authors: Brabant Michel , Brissette Suzanne , Lauzon Pierre , Marsan Stéphanie , Ouellet-Plamondon Clairélaine , Pelletier Marie-Chantal 
Published: January 2015

Épidémiologie Au cours des 10 à 15 dernières années, le Canada est devenu le deuxième plus grand consommateur d’opioïdes de prescription (OP), principalement pour le traitement de la douleur. Cette augmentation a été plus marquée chez les 55 ans et plus. Même si personne ne conteste le droit des patients à recevoir des traitements adéquats pour la douleur, il n’en demeure pas moins que cette disponibilité accrue a entraîné son lot de problèmes : augmentation des visites à l’urgence et des décès liés aux opioïdes ainsi que du trouble lié à l’utilisation (TLU) des opioïdes, trouble qui est d’ailleurs associé à une prévalence accrue, de l’ordre de 40 %, de divers problèmes psychiatriques, dont les troubles dépressifs majeurs.
Neuroscience De nouvelles connaissances issues des neurosciences nous permettent de mieux comprendre la réaction du cerveau lors de l’exposition à ces substances et le caractère chronique du TLU des opioïdes. Quoique historiquement perçu comme une faiblesse de caractère ou un vice, le TLU des opioïdes est maintenant reconnu comme une condition chronique résultant d’une interaction complexe entre une substance, des facteurs d’environnement et un génotype individuel. Malheureusement, ces évidences scientifiques ne sont pas encore largement appliquées à la clinique et la majorité des médecins n’ont pas les habiletés nécessaires pour diagnostiquer et traiter le TLU des opioïdes.
Guides de pratique clinique Des recommandations et guides de pratique peuvent nous aider à identifier les personnes plus vulnérables à un mésusage, et à mieux encadrer la prescription et la gestion de la médication. Il ne s’agit pas de se désintéresser de ces patients et de les abandonner à leur sort mais plutôt de leur offrir des soins inspirés des meilleures pratiques et appuyés sur des évidences scientifiques de qualité.
La méthamphétamine – un stimulant comme les autres ou un problème plus complexe ?
Authors: Lecomte Tania , Massé Marjolaine 
Published: January 2015

La méthamphétamine (MA) fait beaucoup couler d’encre dans les médias, par sa popularité grandissante ainsi que par ses effets psychotropes et néfastes. S’agit-il d’un stimulant comme un autre, ou la méthamphétamine entraîne-t-elle des difficultés spécifiques chez ses utilisateurs ? Cet article se veut une brève revue de la documentation scientifique décrivant les raisons de sa popularité ainsi que les problèmes physiques, dentaires, psychiatriques, cognitifs et judiciaires qui y sont associés. Les profils d’utilisateurs ainsi que les traitements proposés à ce jour seront également présentés. En somme, nous tenterons d’illustrer la complexité des troubles rencontrés chez l’utilisateur de MA, les similitudes avec les utilisateurs de stimulants, ainsi que les limites des traitements actuels pour répondre aux besoins liés à cette complexité.
La définition du juriste et la redéfinition de la dogmatique juridique (à propos du
syncrétisme méthodologique)
Authors: Kouam Siméon Patrice 
Published: January 2015

La recherche d’une définition du juriste dans les supports juridiques usuels est
vaine. Par la présente réflexion, l’auteur vise à démontrer que la figure du juriste
contemporain n’est plus celle d’un personnage confiné dans une dogmatique classique au sens
kelsennien, mais de celui qui a conscience de son rôle dans la société. La méthode exposée
par Hans Kelsen dans son ouvrage intitulé Théorie pure du droit, simpliste,
monolithique, linéaire, ne peut plus rendre compte à elle seule de la complexité du droit à
l’heure de la « postmodernité » dictée par les multiples transformations de la régulation
juridique. Le postulat de la neutralité axiologique de la science du droit très souvent
décrié est aujourd’hui complètement dépassé. Partout dans le monde, le droit progresse parce
que les mutations sociales appellent une adaptation constante des règles juridiques aux
aspirations des citoyens. Les finalités de la règle de droit sont ainsi devenues des outils
de mesure incontestables de la qualité du droit. C’est pourquoi le recours au syncrétisme
méthodologique, combinaison de la dogmatique classique et de la dogmatique éthique, se
révèle une sérieuse piste pour celui qui va à la recherche d’une définition du juriste. Dès
lors, le juriste est celui qui, axiologiquement, a conscience qu’en sa qualité de
dogmaticien il doit admettre que l’humanité demeure l’horizon indépassable de son
métier.
L’obligation essentielle dans le contrat
Authors: Deslauriers-Goulet Charlotte 
Published: January 2015

Au regard du discours jurisprudentiel et doctrinal, il y a lieu de croire qu’une catégorie de l’obligation contractuelle émerge à l’heure actuelle : l’obligation essentielle. En effet, une littérature abondante, en France plus qu’au Québec, valorise cette notion en tentant de la définir. Il n’en demeure pas moins que, étant donné l’importance tant quantitative que qualitative des éléments qui distinguent les définitions doctrinales proposées, aucune d’elles ne saurait être reçue à titre autonome. Force est par ailleurs d’admettre que les nombreuses incertitudes et critiques de la notion rendent malaisée la tâche de saisir sa réelle signification. Dans l’article qui suit, après avoir présenté certaines définitions doctrinales et les principales incertitudes qui planent autour de la notion, l’auteure tentera de dégager son véritable sens par l’étude des utilités qui lui sont prêtées. Elle constatera alors que l’obligation essentielle a taillé sa place au sein de l’ensemble de plus en plus ample et recherché des restrictions à la liberté contractuelle.
Smartwatch Measures of Outdoor Exposure and Myopia in Children
Authors: Chen Jun , Wang Jingjing , Qi Ziyi , Liu Shang , Zhao Lingyi , Zhang Bo , Dong Kaige , Du Linlin , Yang Jinliuxing , Zou Haidong , He Xiangui , Xu Xun 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceTime spent outdoors has been proven effective in preventing myopia, but little is known about the association of outdoor exposure patterns with myopia.ObjectiveTo examine the association of outdoor exposure patterns with myopic shift in children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 1-year prospective cohort study from December 2017 to December 2018 was a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial (Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia [STORM]). STORM was a school-based intervention study, recruiting 16 schools from 8 districts in Shanghai, from October 2016 to December 2018. Children without myopia at baseline who consistently wore a smartwatch for a minimum of 6 hours daily, sustained for at least 90 days, and who had complete information were included. Data analysis was performed from December 2017 to December 2018.ExposuresThe outdoor exposure pattern was defined as the episode of time outdoors and instant sunlight intensity over a continuous period.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMyopic shift was defined as the absolute change in refraction between the initial spherical equivalence and the follow-up spherical equivalence.ResultsThis study included 2976 students (mean [SD] age, 7.2 [0.6] years; 1525 girls [51.2%]). The mean (SD) daily time outdoors was 90 (28) minutes, and the mean (SD) sunlight intensity was 2345 (486) lux. Of the 12 outdoor exposure patterns, the major outdoor exposure patterns were time outdoors with at least 15 minutes, accounting for 74.9% of minutes (33 677 584 of 45 016 800 minutes). Only patterns with at least 15 minutes accompanied with no less than 2000 lux were associated with less myopic shift in refraction (for ≥15 minutes and 2000 to 3999 lux, −0.007 diopter [D] [95% CI, −0.011 to −0.002 D]; for ≥15 minutes and ≥4000 lux, −0.006 D [95% CI, −0.010 to −0.002 D]). The isotemporal substitution of patterns with at least 15 minutes and 2000 lux for other outdoor exposure patterns was positively associated with less myopic shift.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this 1-year prospective cohort study of children with smartwatches, continuous outdoor exposure with at least 15 minutes accompanied with no less than 2000 lux sunlight intensity was associated with less myopic shift. These findings suggest that future outdoor interventions should focus not only on the overall time outdoors but also on the effective outdoor exposure patterns, as a means to effectively prevent myopia in children.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Type 2 Diabetes Outcomes in Veterans
Authors: Scherrer Jeffrey F. , Salas Joanne , Wang Wenjin , Freedland Kenneth E. , Lustman Patrick J. , Schnurr Paula P. , Cohen Beth E. , Jaffe Allan S. , Friedman Matthew J. 
Published: August 2024

ImportancePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom reduction is linked with lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), but little is known about the association between PTSD and comorbid T2D outcomes. Whether PTSD is a modifiable risk factor for adverse T2D outcomes is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether patients with PTSD who improved and no longer met diagnostic criteria for PTSD had a lower risk of adverse T2D outcomes compared with patients with persistent PTSD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used deidentified data from US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) historical medical records (from October 1, 2011, to September 30, 2022) to create a cohort of patients aged 18 to 80 years with comorbid PTSD and T2D. Data analysis was performed from March 1 to June 1, 2024.ExposuresDiagnoses of PTSD and T2D.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were insulin initiation, poor glycemic control, any microvascular complication, and all-cause mortality. Improvement of PTSD was defined as no longer meeting PTSD diagnostic criteria, per a PTSD Checklist score of less than 33. Entropy balancing controlled for confounding. Survival and competing risk models estimated the association between meeting PTSD criteria and T2D outcomes. Subgroup analyses examined variation by age, sex, race, PTSD severity, and comorbid depression status.ResultsThe study cohort included 10 002 veterans. More than half of patients (65.3%) were aged older than 50 years and most (87.2%) were men. Patients identified as Black (31.6%), White (62.7%), or other race (5.7%). Before controlling for confounding with entropy balancing, patients who no longer met PTSD diagnostic criteria had similar incidence rates for starting insulin (22.4 vs 24.4 per 1000 person-years), poor glycemic control (137.1 vs 133.7 per 1000 person-years), any microvascular complication (108.4 vs 104.8 per 1000 person-years), and all-cause mortality (11.2 vs 11.0 per 1000 person-years) compared with patients with persistent PTSD. After controlling for confounding, no longer meeting PTSD criteria was associated with a lower risk of microvascular complications (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92 [95% CI, 0.85-0.99]). Among veterans aged 18 to 49 years, no longer meeting PTSD criteria was associated with a lower risk of insulin initiation (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.53-0.88]) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.19-0.83]). Among patients without depression, no longer meeting PTSD criteria was associated with a lower risk of insulin initiation (HR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.55-0.97]).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study of patients with comorbid PTSD and T2D suggest that PTSD is a modifiable risk factor associated with a modest reduction in microvascular complications. Further research is needed to determine whether findings are similar in non-VHA health care settings.
A Charge Confinement Strategy for Boosting Interfacial Space Charge Storage in Manganese Ferrites Enabled by Highly Polarized Fluorinated‐Interfacial Layer for High‐Energy‐Density and Ultrafast Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kang Song Kyu , Kim Minho , Park Gwan Hyeon , Ji Junhyuk , Hong Seochan , Kim Won Bae 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTransition metal conversion‐based anodes have recently re‐emerged as promising high‐performance energy storage materials by realizing their interfacial extra capacity. However, challenges persist in utilizing and maintaining its high activity particularly under rapidly repeated cycles, due to inherent capacity irreversibility, low conductivity, and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here, a novel charge confinement strategy employing a highly polarized, conductive interfacial layer of fluorinated carbon incorporated into galvanic replacement‐derived manganese ferrites is proposed to significantly boost interfacial space charge storage. A substantially high reversible capacity of 1376 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 is attained by developing the Li‐rich phase through spin‐polarized surface capacitance, coupled with highly polarized interfacial sites offered by the high electronegativity of fluorination. Furthermore, incorporating in situ formed LiF‐rich SEI from electrochemically active C─F bond can promote ionic/electronic transport, robustness, and volume change tolerance. Consequently, an exceptional rate performance of 513 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 is achieved with outstanding cyclability, delivering over 1100 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 300 cycles and further validating its practical application in stable full batteries. These insights demonstrate that rational surface modification to improve interfacial charge storage with stable modulated‐SEI can innovatively advance for high‐energy‐density conversion‐based anodes.
Fourier Surfaces Reaching Full‐Color Diffraction Limits
Authors: Lim Yongjun , Hong Seung Jae , Cho YongDeok , Bang Joona , Lee Seungwoo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOptical Fourier surfaces (OFSs), characterized by sinusoidally profiled diffractive optical elements, can outperform traditional binary‐type counterparts by minimizing optical noise through selectively driving diffraction at desired frequencies. While scanning probe lithography (SPL), gray‐scale electron beam lithography (EBL), and holographic inscriptions are effective for fabricating OFSs, achieving full‐color diffractions at fundamental efficiency limits is challenging. Here, an integrated manufacturing process is presented, validated theoretically and experimentally, for fully transparent OFSs reaching the fundamental limit of diffraction efficiency. Leveraging holographic inscriptions and soft nanoimprinting, this approach effectively addresses challenges in conventional OFS manufacturing, enabling scalable production of noise‐free and maximally efficient OFSs with record‐high throughput (1010–1012 µm2 h−1), surpassing SPL and EBL by 1010 times. Toward this end, a wafer‐scale OFSs array is demonstrated consisting of full‐color diffractive gratings, color graphics, and microlenses by the one‐step nanoimprinting, which is readily compatible with rapid prototyping of OFSs even on curved panels, demanding for transformative optical devices such as augmented and virtual reality displays.
A Dye‐Sensitized Sensor for Oxygen Detection under Visible Light
Authors: Wettstein Lionel , Specht Julia , Kesselring Vera , Sieben Leif , Pan Yanlin , Käch Daniel , Baster Dominika , Krumeich Frank , El Kazzi Mario , Bezdek Máté J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSensors that can accurately assess oxygen (O2) concentrations in real time are crucial for a wide range of applications spanning personal health monitoring, environmental protection, and industrial process development. Here a high‐performance chemiresistive sensor that allows for the rapid detection of O2 at room temperature under visible light illumination is described. Inspired by the operating principles of dye‐sensitized solar cells, the chemiresistor is based on a single‐walled carbon nanotube‐titania hybrid (SWCNT‐TiO2) bearing a molecular Re‐based photosensitizer [(Pbpy)(CO)3ReBr] (Pbpy = 4,4′‐[P(O)(OH)2]2‐2,2′‐bipyridine). The resulting SWCNT‐TiO2‐Re composite undergoes photoinduced charge transfer that is sensitive to ppb levels of O2, thereby yielding a rapid and reversible chemiresistive response. Owing to its unique mode of operation and robust components, the sensor shows a high degree of selectivity for O2 over a range of interferants, humidity tolerance, and multimonth benchtop stability. The approach presented herein demonstrates the translatability of concepts in light harvesting to the development of robust, rapid, and low‐power sensing technologies.
Targeting Decidual CD16+ Immune Cells with Exosome‐Based Glucocorticoid Nanoparticles for Miscarriage
Authors: Wang Linlin , Yin Zhinang , Shen Yanqiong , Feng Gang , Dai Fangfang , Yang Dongyong , Deng Zhimin , Yang Jing , Chen Ruizhi , Yang Leifeng , Chen Xian , Sun Qing , Huang Chunyu , Cheng Yanxiang , Deng Hongbing , Diao Lianghui , Li Longfei , Yin Tailang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImmune dysfunction in early pregnancy including overactivation of cytotoxic CD16+ NK cells and proinflammatory M1 macrophages at the maternal–fetal interface interferes with trophoblast invasion, spiral artery remodeling, and decidualization, potentially leading to miscarriage. Immunosuppressants like glucocorticoids (GCs) are used to regulate the immune microenvironment in clinical treatment, but the lack of safe and efficient tissue‐specific drug delivery systems, especially immune cell‐specific vectors, limits their widespread clinical application. Here, a previously uncharacterized delivery system is reported, termed GC‐Exo‐CD16Ab, in which GCs are loaded into purified exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, and subsequently decorated with antibody CD16Ab. GC‐Exo‐CD16Ab is biocompatible and has remarkable delivery efficiency toward CD16+ decidual natural killer (NK) cells and CD16+ macrophages in mice. This innovative approach effectively suppresses the cytotoxicity of decidual NK cells, inhibits M1 macrophage polarization, and regulates the decidual microenvironment, thereby enhancing placental and fetal morphology, and ultimately mitigating miscarriage risk in the abortion‐prone mice. The developed GC‐Exo‐CD16Ab provides a feasible platform for precise and tissue‐specific therapeutic strategies for miscarriage and pregnancy‐related diseases.
The role of deep hybridization in fern speciation: Examples from the Thelypteridaceae
Authors: Tseng Yu‐Hsin , Kuo Li‐Yaung , Borokini Israel , Fawcett Susan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPremiseHybridization is recognized as an important mechanism in fern speciation, with many allopolyploids known among congeners, as well as evidence of ancient genome duplications. Several contemporary instances of deep (intergeneric) hybridization have been noted, invariably resulting in sterile progeny. We chose the christelloid lineage of the family Thelypteridaceae, recognized for its high frequency of both intra‐ and intergeneric hybrids, to investigate recent hybrid speciation between deeply diverged lineages. We also seek to understand the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of resulting lineages across the landscape.MethodsBy phasing captured reads within a phylogenomic data set of GoFlag 408 nuclear loci using HybPhaser, we investigated candidate hybrids to identify parental lineages. We estimated divergence ages by inferring a dated phylogeny using fossil calibrations with treePL. We investigated ecological niche conservatism between one confirmed intergeneric allotetraploid and its diploid progenitors using the centroid, overlap, unfilling, and expansion (COUE) framework.ResultsWe provide evidence for at least six instances of intergeneric hybrid speciation within the christelloid clade and estimate up to 45 million years of divergence between progenitors. The niche quantification analysis showed moderate niche overlap between an allopolyploid species and its progenitors, with significant divergence from the niche of one progenitor and conservatism to the other.ConclusionsThe examples provided here highlight the overlooked role that allopolyploidization following intergeneric hybridization may play in fern diversification and range and niche expansions. Applying this approach to other fern taxa may reveal a similar pattern of deep hybridization resulting in highly successful novel lineages.
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Clinical Core
Authors: Aisen Paul S. , Donohue Michael C. , Raman Rema , Rafii Michael S. , Petersen Ronald C. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Clinical Core is responsible for coordination of all clinical activities at the ADNI sites, including project management, regulatory oversight, and site management and monitoring, as well as the collection of all clinical data and management of all study data. The Clinical Core is also charged with determining the clinical classifications and criteria for enrollment in evolving AD trials and enabling the ongoing characterization of the cross‐sectional features and longitudinal trajectories of the ADNI cohorts with application of these findings to optimal clinical trial designs. More than 2400 individuals have been enrolled in the cohorts since the inception of ADNI, facilitating refinement of our understanding of the AD trajectory and allowing academic and industry investigators to model therapeutic trials across the disease spectrum from the presymptomatic stage through dementia.Highlights
Since 2004, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Clinical Core has overseen the enrollment of > 2400 participants with mild cognitive impairment, mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, and normal cognition.
The longitudinal dataset has elucidated the full cognitive and clinical trajectory of AD from its presymptomatic stage through the onset of dementia.
The ADNI data have supported the design of most major trials in the field.
Safety and Effectiveness of High‐Intensity Statins Versus Low/Moderate‐Intensity Statins Plus Ezetimibe in Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease for Reaching LDL‐C Goals: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Soleimani Hamidreza , Mousavi Asma , Shojaei Shayan , Tavakoli Kiarash , Salabat Dorsa , Farahani Rad Farid , Askari Mani K. , Nelson John , Ruzieh Mohammed , Hosseini Kaveh 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt remains controversial whether adding ezetimibe to low/moderate‐intensity statins has a more beneficial impact on the treatment efficacy and safety of patients with existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) compared to high‐intensity statin regimens.HypothesisA combination of low/moderate‐intensity statins plus ezetimibe might be more effective and safer than high‐intensity statin monotherapy.MethodsWe searched databases for randomized controlled trials comparing lipid profile alterations, drug‐related adverse events, and MACE components between high‐intensity statin monotherapy and low/moderate‐intensity statin plus ezetimibe combination therapy. Pooled risk ratios (RR), mean differences (MD), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using a random‐effects model.ResultsOur comprehensive search resulted in 32 studies comprising 6162 patients treated with monotherapy against 5880 patients on combination therapy. Combination therapy was more effective in reducing low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels compared to monotherapy (MD = −6.6, 95% CI: −10.6 to −2.5); however, no significant differences were observed in other lipid parameters. Furthermore, the combination therapy group experienced a lower risk of myalgia (RR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13–0.57) and discontinuation due to adverse events (RR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.51–0.74). The occurrence of MACE was similar between the two treatment groups.ConclusionsAdding ezetimibe to low/moderate‐intensity statins resulted in a greater reduction in LDL‐C levels, a lower rate of myalgia, and less drug discontinuation compared to high‐intensity statin monotherapy in patients with existing cardiovascular disease. However, according to our meta‐analysis, the observed reduction in LDL‐C levels in the combination group did not correlate with a reduction in MACE compared to the high‐intensity statin group.