bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The changing contours of insecurity in Katsina: A threat assessment
Authors: Abdullahi Maigari Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

Threats from armed bandits and kidnappers in Northwestern Nigeria are in different forms. The landscape of security challenges has changed since 2016, with the intensive war against Islamic insurgents in Northeastern Nigeria called Boko Haram has changed the contours of security challenges in Nigeria. The manifestation of different security threats has been on the increase and the armed bandits have continued to wreak havoc on communities and highways in different parts of Nigeria. The security challenge is now a hydra-headed monster, which if one head is cut, another head will develop in Nigeria. This article has assessed the current security situation and challenges that beleaguered some States in the Northwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria with a particular interest in Katsina State. The researcher evaluated secondary data on the performance of security personnel deployed to the conflict-affected areas in Katsina, State. The assessment covered January to June 2024. However, the data are classified information hence the identity of the personnel and persons who divulged the information cannot be revealed in line with the principles of anonymity in research ethics. The findings found that some of the armed groups in parts of Katsina State are kidnapping people to remove some vital organs from their bodies and sell them to those who traffic human organs. Based on the assessment, the affected Local Government Areas in Katsina State are categorized into four (4) based on the severity and magnitude of kidnapping, cattle rustling and ransacking of villages. Drawing from the findings, the researcher has developed policies and strategies to address the changing contours of security challenges in the affected areas and Nigeria.
As a tradition in threat assessment, the researcher has provided policy recommendations to achieve or implement the policies and strategies. The activities of the armed bandits and organ traffickers portend a grave danger now and in the future as many people would be involved in the business of human organs due to their lucrative nature. The government should develop strategies that will enable the rural communities not to be vulnerable to attacks from armed bandits. Armed groups who kill and kidnap residents at will for ransom and organ trafficking if not tamed will recruit new foot soldiers hence aggravating the situation. Addressing security threats can be achieved by deploying enough security personnel at the border between the Niger Republic and Nigeria. Security personnel should deploy electronic scanners and long-range cameras to monitor and arrest the influx of foreign and domestic dealers in human organs and weapons for appropriate punishment.
Convulsão febril: primeiros socorros no atendimento pré-hospitalar
Authors: Farias Wanderson Santos de , Silva Uanderson Pereira da , Silva Jose Augusto Ferreira da , Jankowitsch Jhonata , Lopes Gabriel César Dias 
Published: August 2024

Introdução: A crise febril é descrita como: a ocorrência de uma convulsão acompanhada de febre superior a 38°C, sem evidência de infecção do sistema nervoso central ou histórico de crises convulsivas não febris, em crianças com idades entre 6 meses e 5 anos. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi descrever os primeiros socorros em convulsão febril no âmbito pré-hospitalar. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. Resultados: A prestação de primeiros socorros por leigos inicia no processo de identificar a crise convulsiva, solicitar ajuda por meio de serviço móvel de urgência ou conduzir ao serviço de saúde de forma segura. Conclusões: A convulsão na infância deve ser estudada cada vez mais a respeito da abordagem e condução durante a crise a literatura aponta que não tem uma causa bem definitiva sobre o processo fisiopatológico.
Contribuições da farmacovigilância para o uso racional de medicamentos fitoterápicos na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil
Authors: Souza Bruno Rocha de , Samuel Bensson V. 
Published: August 2024

Introdução: A farmacovigilância, que se ocupa da identificação, avaliação e prevenção de eventos adversos associados ao uso de medicamentos, desempenha um papel fundamental na garantia da segurança dos fitoterápicos na Atenção Primária de Saúde (APS). No entanto, a popularidade dos fitoterápicos não isenta sua utilização dos riscos de reações adversas e interações medicamentosas, que podem comprometer a segurança dos pacientes. Objetivo: compreender o papel da farmacovigilância no contexto da atenção primária no Brasil, além de compreender seu campo de atuação, quando se trata no fornecimento dos medicamentos fitoterápicos aos usuários da atenção primária de saúde. Método: o estudo trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, com abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, sem recorte temporal, consultadas nas bases de dados do Google Acadêmico, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) e periódicos da CAPES. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que, embora haja progresso na regulamentação e no monitoramento dos fitoterápicos, a capacitação contínua dos profissionais de saúde e a melhoria na integração dos sistemas de notificação são de fato essenciais. Farmacovigilância é essencial não apenas para detectar e prevenir reações adversas, mas também para promover uma prática clínica mais segura e baseada em evidências. Conclusão: A farmacovigilância se revela uma ferramenta indispensável para a segurança e eficácia dos fitoterápicos na APS, contribuindo para a qualidade dos cuidados e a proteção da saúde pública no Brasil.
Exploring the Origin of Ultralong Gamma-Ray Bursts: Lessons from GRB 221009A
Authors: Ror Amit Kumar , Gupta Rahul , Aryan Amar , Pandey Shashi Bhushan , Oates S. R. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Kumar Sudhir 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever, GRB 221009A, displays ultralong GRB (ULGRB) characteristics, with a prompt emission duration exceeding 1000 s. To constrain the origin and central engine of this unique burst, we analyze its prompt and afterglow characteristics and compare them to the established set of similar GRBs. To achieve this, we statistically examine a nearly complete sample of Swift-detected GRBs with measured redshifts. We categorize the sample to bronze, silver, and gold by fitting a Gaussian function to the log-normal of T
90 duration distribution and considering three subsamples respectively to 1, 2, and 3 times of the standard deviation to the mean value. GRB 221009A falls into the gold subsample. Our analysis of prompt emission and afterglow characteristics aims to identify trends between the three burst groups. Notably, the gold subsample (a higher likelihood of being ULGRB candidates) suggests a collapsar scenario with a hyperaccreting black hole as a potential central engine, while a few GRBs (GRB 060218, GRB 091024A, and GRB 100316D) in our gold subsample favor a magnetar. Late-time near-IR observations from 3.6 m Devasthal Optical Telescope rule out the presence of any bright supernova associated with GRB 221009A in the gold subsample. To further constrain the physical properties of ULGRB progenitors, we employ the tool MESA to simulate the evolution of low-metallicity massive stars with different initial rotations. The outcomes suggest that rotating (Ω ≥ 0.2 Ωc) massive stars could potentially be the progenitors of ULGRBs within the considered parameters and initial inputs to MESA.
The Implications of ‘Oumuamua on Panspermia
Authors: Cao David , Plavchan Peter , Summers Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPanspermia is the hypothesis that life originated on Earth from the bombardment of foreign interstellar ejecta harboring polyextremophile microorganisms. Since the 2017 discovery of the interstellar body ‘Oumuamua (1I/2017 U1) by the Pan-STARRS telescope, various studies have reexamined panspermia based on updated number density models that accommodate for ‘Oumuamua’s properties. By utilizing ‘Oumuamua’s properties as an anchor, we estimate the mass and number density of ejecta in the interstellar medium (ρm[units of kg au−3] andρn[units of au−3]). We build upon prior work by first accounting for the minimum ejecta size to shield microbes from supernova radiation. Second, we estimate the total number of impact eventsCnon Earth after its formation and prior to the emergence of life (≈0.8 Gyr). We derive a conditional probability relation for the likelihood of panspermia for Earth specifically of <10−5, given a number of factors includingfB, the fraction of ejecta harboring extremophiles and other factors that are poorly constrained. However, we find that panspermia is a plausible potential life-seeding mechanism for (optimistically) potentially up to ∼105of the ∼109Earth-sized habitable zone worlds in our Galaxy.
X-Ray Spectral and Temporal Properties of LMXB 4U 1608-52—Observed with AstroSat and NICER
Authors: Bhattacherjee Sree , Nath Ankur , Sarkar Biplob , Beri Aru , Chattopadhyay Suchismito , Bhulla Yashpal , Misra Ranjeev 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We report results from a detailed study of the neutron star X-ray binary, 4U 1608-52, using observations with AstroSat (Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter/Soft X-ray Telescope) and the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer during its 2016 and 2020 outbursts. The 0.7–20.0 keV spectra could be well described with the disk blackbody and thermal Comptonization model. The best-fitting inner disk temperature is ∼1 keV and radius ∼

22.17

−
2.38

+
2.57

–27.19

−
1.85

+
2.03

km and no significant evolution was observed in the disk radius after performing flux and time-resolved spectroscopy. We used a multi-Lorentzian approach to fit the power density spectra and obtained broadband noise variability. We estimated the energy-dependent fractional rms and time lag of the broadband noise, and these variations are quantitatively modeled as being due to the coherent variation of the disk emission and the coronal heating rate. Thus, the rapid temporal modeling is consistent with the longer-term spectral evolution where the inner disk radius does not vary, and instead, the variations can be attributed to accretion rate variations that change the inner disk temperature and the coronal heating rate.
Magnetohydrodynamic Modeling of Background Solar Wind near Mars: Comparison with MAVEN and Tianwen-1
Authors: Zhang Hanke , Shen Fang , Yang Yi , Chi Yutian , Shen Chenglong , Tao Xinyi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Combined with data assimilation methods, a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical model is an effective tool to explore the mechanism of space weather. As a driver of space weather, the dynamic development of stream interaction regions (SIRs) near the orbit of Mars is an area of active research. In this study, we use the interplanetary total variation diminishing (TVD) MHD model to simulate solar wind parameters and model SIRs near Mars from 2021 November 15 to 2021 December 31. In this model, the MHD equations are solved by the conservation TVD Lax–Friedrichs scheme in a rotating spherical coordinate system with six component meshes used on the spherical shell. Solar wind velocity, density, temperature, and magnetic field strength are given at the inner boundary due to the characteristic waves propagating outward. We compared modeled results with observations from Mars Atmospheric Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) and Tianwen-1 (China’s first Mars exploration mission). Statistical analysis shows that the simulated results can capture SIRs and are in good agreement with observations; moreover, the assimilated results based on the Kalman filter improve the accuracy of numerical prediction compared with simulated results. This paper is the first attempt to simulate SIR events combined with MAVEN and Tianwen-1 in situ observations. Our work demonstrates that using the MHD model with the Kalman filter to reconstruct solar wind parameters can help us study the characteristics of SIRs near Mars, improve the capabilities of space weather forecasting, and understand the background solar wind environment.
Testing General Relativity with Juno at Jupiter
Authors: Durante Daniele , Cappuccio P. , di Stefano I. , Zannoni M. , Gomez Casajus L. , Lari G. , Falletta M. , Buccino D. R. , Iess L. , Park R. S. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Juno spacecraft has been orbiting Jupiter since 2016 July to deepen our comprehension of the solar system by studying the gas giant. The radio science experiment enables the determination of Jupiter’s gravitational field, thus shedding light on its interior structure. The experiment relies on determining the orbit of the spacecraft during its pericenter passages. Previous gravity data analyses assumed the correctness of the general theory of relativity, which was used for trajectory integration and radio signal propagation modeling. In this work, we aim to test general relativity within the unique context of a spacecraft orbiting Jupiter, by employing the parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism, an established framework for comparing various gravitational theories. Within this framework, we focus our attention toward the PPN parameters γ and β, which offer insights into the curvature of spacetime and the nonlinearity of gravitational effects, respectively. Additionally, we extend our investigation to the Lense–Thirring effect, which models the dragging of spacetime induced by a rotating mass. By measuring the relativistic frequency shift on Doppler observables caused by Jupiter during Juno’s perijove passes, we estimate γ = 1 + (1.5 ± 4.9) × 10−3, consistent with the general theory of relativity. Our estimated γ is primarily influenced by its effect on light-time computation, with a negligible contribution from spacecraft dynamics. Furthermore, we also present a modest level of accuracy for the β parameter, reflecting the minimal dynamical perturbation on Juno from general relativity. This also applies to the Lense–Thirring effect, whose signal is too small to be confidently resolved.
Scaling of Ion Bulk Heating in Magnetic Reconnection Outflows for the High-Alfvén-speed and Low-β Regime in Earth’s Magnetotail
Authors: Øieroset M. , Phan T. D. , Drake J. F. , Starkey M. , Fuselier S. A. , Cohen I. J. , Haggerty C. C. , Shay M. A. , Oka M. , Gershman D. J. , Maheshwari K. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Strangeway R. J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We survey 20 reconnection outflow events observed by Magnetospheric MultiScale in the low-β and high-Alfvén-speed regime of the Earth’s magnetotail to investigate the scaling of ion bulk heating produced by reconnection. The range of inflow Alfvén speeds (800–4000 km s−1) and inflow ion β (0.002–1) covered by this study is in a plasma regime that could be applicable to the solar corona and flare environments. We find that the observed ion heating increases with increasing inflow (upstream) Alfvén speed, V
A, based on the reconnecting magnetic field and the upstream plasma density. However, ion heating does not increase linearly as a function of available magnetic energy per particle,

m

i

V

A

2

. Instead, the heating increases progressively less as

m

i

V

A

2

rises. This is in contrast to a previous study using the same data set, which found that electron heating in this high-Alfvén-speed and low-β regime scales linearly with

m

i

V

A

2

, with a scaling factor nearly identical to that found for the low-V
A and high-β magnetopause. Consequently, the ion-to-electron heating ratio in reconnection exhausts decreases with increasing upstream V
A, suggesting that the energy partition between ions and electrons in reconnection exhausts could be a function of the available magnetic energy per particle. Finally, we find that the observed difference in ion and electron heating scaling may be consistent with the predicted effects of a trapping potential in the exhaust, which enhances electron heating, but reduces ion heating.
A Potential Second Shutoff from AT2018fyk: An Updated Orbital Ephemeris of the Surviving Star under the Repeating Partial Tidal Disruption Event Paradigm
Authors: Pasham Dheeraj , Coughlin E. R. , Guolo M. , Wevers T. , Nixon C. J. , Hinkle Jason T. , Bandopadhyay A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2018fyk showed a rapid dimming event 500 days after discovery, followed by a rebrightening roughly 700 days later. It has been hypothesized that this behavior results from a repeating partial TDE (rpTDE), such that prompt dimmings/shutoffs are coincident with the return of the star to pericenter and rebrightenings generated by the renewed supply of tidally stripped debris. This model predicted that the emission should shut off again around August of 2023. We report AT2018fyk’s continued X-ray and UV monitoring, which shows an X-ray (UV) drop-in flux by a factor of 10 (5) over a span of two months, starting 2023 August 14. This sudden change can be interpreted as the second emission shutoff, which (1) strengthens the rpTDE scenario for AT2018fyk, (2) allows us to constrain the orbital period to a more precise value of 1306 ± 47 days, and (3) establishes that X-ray and UV/optical emission track the fallback rate onto this supermassive black hole—an often-made assumption that otherwise lacks observational verification—and therefore, the UV/optical lightcurve is powered predominantly by processes tied to X-rays. The second cutoff implies that another rebrightening should happen between 2025 May and August, and if the star survived the second encounter, a third shutoff is predicted to occur between 2027 January and July. Finally, low-level accretion from the less-bound debris tail (which is completely unbound/does not contribute to accretion in a nonrepeating TDE) can result in a faint X-ray plateau that could be detectable until the next rebrightening.
Corvus A: A Low-mass, Isolated Galaxy at 3.5 Mpc
Authors: Jones Michael G. , Sand David J. , Mutlu-Pakdil Burçin , Fielder Catherine E. , Crnojević Denija , Bennet Paul , Spekkens Kristine , Donnerstein Richard , Doliva-Dolinsky Amandine , Karunakaran Ananthan , Strader Jay , Zaritsky Dennis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We report the discovery of Corvus A, a low-mass, gas-rich galaxy at a distance of approximately 3.5 Mpc, identified in DR10 of the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Imaging Survey during the initial phase of our ongoing SEmi-Automated Machine LEarning Search for Semi-resolved galaxies (SEAMLESS). Jansky Very Large Array observations of Corvus A detect H i line emission at a radial velocity of 523 ± 2 km s−1. Magellan/Megacam imaging reveals an irregular and complex stellar population with both young and old stars. We detect UV emission in Neil Gehrels Swift observations, indicative of recent star formation. However, there are no signs of H ii regions in Hα imaging from Steward Observatory’s Kuiper telescope. Based on the Megacam color–magnitude diagram we measure the distance to Corvus A via the tip of the red giant branch standard candle as 3.48 ± 0.24 Mpc. This makes Corvus A remarkably isolated, with no known galaxy within ∼1 Mpc. Based on this distance, we estimate the H i and stellar mass of Corvus A to be

log

M

H

I

/

M

⊙

=
6.59

and

log

M

*

/

M

⊙

=
6.0

, respectively. Although there are some signs of rotation, the H i distribution of Corvus A appears to be close to face on, analogous to that of Leo T, and we therefore do not attempt to infer a dynamical mass from its H i line width. Higher-resolution synthesis imaging is required to confirm this morphology and to draw robust conclusions from its gas kinematics.
La mobilité pour accéder à la ville. La voiture et les minorités sexuelles et de genre à Beyrouth
Authors: Makhlouta Jean 
Published: August 2024

Cet article vise à comprendre la manière dont les minorités sexuelles et de genre parviennent à négocier un accès à la ville de Beyrouth en s’appropriant et en s’aménageant l’espace-temps de la voiture lors de leurs déplacements nocturnes. Fondée sur une enquête ethnographique, la présente étude repose sur des entretiens semi-directifs et des observations participantes mobiles réalisés dans le cadre plus général d’une thèse sur les stratégies spatiales des minorités sexuelles et de genre à Beyrouth. Malgré les lourdes pesanteurs sociales et juridiques du contexte libanais, les subjectivités et les sociabilités qui prennent place au bord de la voiture attestent de l’agentivité de cette population minoritaire à transgresser les normes sexuelles et genrées établies. Cette transgression est rendue possible par un savoir-faire conséquent de la ville qui permet d’éviter et de contourner différents rappels à l’ordre. En raison de ses caractéristiques spatiotemporelles éphémères et à la fois intérieures et extérieures, l’espace-temps de la voiture mobile s’apparente à un « entre-lieux » qui donne à voir un espace rassurant mouvant et à micro-échelle dans l’espace urbain. Ainsi, l’entre-lieux de la voiture laisse entrevoir un accès minoritaire à la ville par la mobilité, ce qui incite à réinterroger certaines visions binaires et statiques des lieux et en particulier ceux des safe spaces qui se trouvent au sein de la géographie du genre et des sexualités.
Quand la confiance est attaquée, les liens de travail peuvent-ils être réparés ?
Authors: Sirota André 
Published: August 2024

« Quand la confiance est attaquée, les liens de travail peuvent-ils être réparés ? » La psychanalyse, une pratique individuelle de soin psychologique à l’origine, une démarche d’investigation du fonctionnement de la psyché et une métapsychologie, est fondée sur la découverte de l’inconscient, de la dualité pulsionnelle et des processus transférentiels. Depuis son apparition, de nouveaux dispositifs de soin ont été mis à l’épreuve au fil du temps. Ce sont des dispositifs groupaux et à médiation notamment. Ces espaces transitionnels nouveaux s’en différencient et permettent le déploiement de processus qui ne peuvent émerger dans le dispositif initial. Toutefois, une exigence et un travail restent constants, du côté de ce qui est donné dans et par les interventions de l’analyste ; ceci, quels que soient les dispositifs ou les médiations. Il s’agit de l’invention d’énoncés interprétatifs en situation, qui ne sont, en aucun cas, l’expression d’une forme d’exercice d’application d’un modèle théorique. L’élaboration et la formulation d’une interprétation comme son adresse à autrui, en situation d’intersubjectivité, et dans une distance affectueuse, révèlent la dimension créatrice du travail référé à l’expérience de la psychanalyse. Cet article revisite une partie au moins du travail de l’interprétant qui relève tant de l’esprit et de la rigueur scientifiques que d’une capacité de sollicitude et d’un art particulier de la conversation. Il montre comment peuvent être déjouées les attaques de l’objet ou du lien et rétablis les liens de confiance et de collaboration.
Polyphonies transculturelles
Authors: Ayosso Judith , Knéra-Renaud Laurence , Quirot Benoît 
Published: August 2024

« Polyphonies transculturelles. » Les auteurs soulignent les apports et échanges réciproques entre psychanalyse groupale et familiale et pratique transculturelle au sein d’un dispositif de soins singulier, nommé consultation Levier. La diversité d’expériences et de cultures professionnelles autorise une écoute polyphonique de la clinique familiale transculturelle et la mise en jeu de passerelles associatives. Le terme de transculturel se rapporte aux théories de G. Devereux, en lien avec la méthode complémentariste décrite par cet auteur. La fonction phorique de porte-parole du thérapeute principal est envisagée comme symbolisant le trajet du travail d’élaboration à plusieurs. Un exemple clinique aide à comprendre comment ce discours à plusieurs voix permet de travailler ensemble à transformer les difficultés familiales issues des expériences migratoires ou toute souffrance de la transmission, entre les sujets et entre les générations.