bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRIMARY CUTANEOUS AGGRESSIVE EPIDERMOTROPISM CD8+ CYTOTOXIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA: SEBUAH KASUS SULIT
Authors: Hamada Nizami , Suwarsa Oki 
Published: August 2024

Pendahuluan: Primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropism CD8+ cytotoxic t-cell lymphoma (PCAE-CD8+ CTCL) merupakan varian cutaneous T-cell lymphoma agresif dengan prognosis yang buruk. Variasi gambaran klinis dan histopatologis, serta belum terdapatnya kriteria diagnosis, membuat penegakan diagnosis PCAE-CD8+ CTCL menjadi tantangan. Kasus: Dilaporkan satu kasus PCAE-CD8+ CTCL pada seorang laki-laki berusia 67 tahun dengan gambaran histopatologis awal mendukung parapsoriasis. Pada pemeriksaan fisis di hampir seluruh tubuh terdapat lesi multipel yang sebagian besar berupa plak eritem disertai ulkus dangkal tertutup krusta, dengan perjalanan penyakit yang kronis. Pada pasien dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologis ulang dan didapatkan gambaran epidermotropisme serta infiltrat limfosit atipik dan pleomorfik pada epidermis dan dermis. Pemeriksaan imunohistokimia menunjukkan hasil positif terhadap CD8, CD4, Granzyme, CD3, dan Ki-67, sehingga disimpulkan sebagai PCAE-CD8+ CTCL. Diskusi: Manifestasi klinis PCAE-CD8+ CTCL yang bervariasi dan tidak khas dapat membuat penegakan diagnosisnya menjadi terlambat. Pemeriksaan penunjang dengan pemeriksaan histopatologis dan imunohistokimia perlu dilakukan untuk membantu penegakan diagnosis PCAE-CD8+ CTCL. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan mengenai variasi dan perjalanan klinis PCAE-CD8+ CTCL perlu dipahami dengan baik, agar penegakan diagnosis dapat dilakukan dengan cepat dan akurat, untuk meningkatkan angka harapan hidup pasien.
EKSPRESI RESEPTOR VITAMIN D PADA LESI DAN PERILESI KULIT PASIEN VITILIGO BERDASARKAN PEMERIKSAAN
Authors: Karisa Nadila Ayu , Dwiyana Reiva Farah , Sutedja Eva Krishna , Sutedja Endang , Suwarsa Oki , Gunawan Hendra , Hernowo Bethy , Usman Hermin Aminah 
Published: August 2024

Pendahuluan: Vitamin D diketahui memiliki banyak fungsi dalam tubuh, salah satunya berperan sebagai imunomodulator. Vitamin ini bekerja melalui transkripsi gen sel-sel tertentu yang mengekspresikan reseptor vitamin D (RVD) Tujuan: Untuk lebih memahami peran vitamin D pada pasien vitiligo berdasarkan RVD di jaringan kulit. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan studi observasional analitik dengan metode potong lintang. Kelompok kasus merupakan pasien vitiligo yang diambil kulitnya pada area lesi dan perilesi melalui prosedur biopsi plong dan disimpan sebagai bahan biologik tersimpan sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah pasien luka bakar dan luka kronis dari Poliklinik Bedah Plastik, yang diambil kulit sehatnya dengan prosedur split-thickness skin graft. Ekspresi RVD dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia menggunakan antibodi monoklonal dan dinilai oleh dua orang ahli patologi. Hasil: Rerata histoskor RVD pada lesi kulit pasien vitiligo (4.96Â±1.852) lebih tinggi daripada kontrol (2.47Â±0.405). Rerata perilesi kulit pasien vitiligo (5.07Â±1.321) lebih tinggi daripada kontrol (2.47Â±0.405). Rerata histoskor lesi lebih rendah (4.96Â±1.852), tetapi tidak bermakna secara statistik dibandingkan perilesi pasien vitiligo (5.07Â±1.321).Kesimpulan: Ekspresi RVD perilesi pasien vitiligo lebih tinggi dibandingkan lesi, tetapi ekspresi RVD pasien vitiligo tidak lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa RVD tidak banyak berperan dalam patogenesis vitiligo.
Preservation of vision by transpalpebral electrical stimulation in mice with inherited retinal degeneration
Authors: Gunes Kasim , Chang Karen , Lennikov Anton , Tai Wai Lydia , Chen Julie , ElZaridi Farris , Cho Kin-Sang , Utheim Tor Paaske , Dong Feng Chen 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe potential neuroprotective and regenerative properties of electrical stimulation (ES) were studied in rhodopsin knockout mice (Rho−/−), a murine model of inherited retinal degeneration. The study focused on assessing the impact of varying ES frequencies on visual functions and photoreceptor cell survival in Rho−/− mice.MethodsTo elucidate the impact of electrical stimulation on cone survival, Rho−/− mice received either sham or transpalpebral ES using biphasic ramp or rectangular waveforms at 100 µA amplitude, starting at six weeks of age. The treatment duration spanned from one to three weeks. The optimal treatment frequency of ES sessions was determined by applying ES every one, two, or three days in three separate groups of Rho−/− mice. The sham group received daily treatments without the application of ES.ResultsOur study revealed significant improvement of visual function in Rho−/− mice following daily or every-other-day noninvasive transpalpebral ES, as evidenced by electroretinogram and optomotor response-based visual behavior assays. Concurrently, assessment of outer nuclear thickness and immunohistochemistry for the cone photoreceptor cell marker PNA demonstrated pronounced increases in the survival of rods and cones and improvement in the morphology of the inner and outer segments.DiscussionThis study underscores the protective effect of non-invasive ES in rhodopsin knockout-induced retinal degenerative disorders, providing a foundation for developing targeted therapeutic interventions for retinitis pigmentosa.
Clinical features and prognostic factors of cryptococcal infections in HIV-infected patients: a 10-year study from an infectious disease specialist hospital
Authors: Dai Fang-Fang , Lou Jin-Li , Yu Yan-Hua , Chen Ming , Lu Xin-Xin 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundCryptococcosis is an invasive infection that commonly affects immunosuppressed individuals, especially patients with HIV infection. Cryptococcal infection in HIV-infected patients should be considered a major health concern because it is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of cryptococcal infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients to facilitate effective clinical management and improve patient outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed and analyzed the clinical data and relevant laboratory test results of HIV-infected patients with positive cryptococcal cultures and reserved strains between 2013 and 2023 from Beijing Youan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University. The clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of the patients were compared, and the correlation between parameters and the prognoses of the patients at different observation timepoints (3, 6, 9, and 12 months) was analyzed.ResultsA total of 76 patients (70 males and six females; median age, 37 years) were included in this study. The results indicated that the later the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) after the diagnosis of HIV infection (&gt; 6 months), the higher the probability of death. Analysis of the correlation between the time of ART initiation and the timing of treatment for cryptococcal infections showed that the time of ART initiation was strongly related to survival at different timepoints. Initiation of ART time within 0-4 weeks, 4-6 weeks and more than 6weeks of starting treatment for Cryptococcus infection was associated with a lower mortality rate at 12-month, the 3-month, 6- and 9-month follow-up timepoint separately.ConclusionsAlthough cryptococcal infection in HIV-infected patients continues to be a challenging and intricate issue, ART is a key factor that affects its prognosis. The later ART is started, the worse the prognosis of the infection. The time of ART initiation and the timing of treatment for cryptococcal infections should be further refined and balanced based on different clinical courses. Thus, clinicians should pay closer attention to cryptococcal infections in patients with HIV infection and initiate ART based on the patient’s clinical condition.
Understandability of passive smoking prevention leaflets in Japan
Authors: Iso Tomoya , Ishikawa Yoshihiro , Kobashi Yurie , Nollet Kenneth , Yokokawa Hirohide , Goto Aya 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThere are few studies in Japan evaluating informational materials about passive smoking prevention with respect to health literacy. This study applied a range of health literacy assessment tools to assess the understandability of public-sector leaflets about passive smoking prevention.MethodsWe collected 26 anti-passive smoking leaflets published online by Japanese prefectural governments. We used three internationally recognized health literacy assessment tools to evaluate their understandability: the Clear Communication Index (CCI), the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM), and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT, further divided into scales for understandability and actionability).ResultsAlthough none of the assessed materials met the CCI's scoring threshold for “easy to understand,” the highest-scoring leaflet, which received a top-two ranking in three of the four scales (excluding the PEMAT understandability scale), was characterized by its conciseness and its easy-to-understand structure, including the use of checklists and flowcharts to engage reader interest. There was a significant correlation between CCI and SAM, and between SAM and the PEMAT understandability scale. However, the PEMAT actionability scale did not significantly associate with the other assessment scales.ConclusionsThe understandability of written informational materials about passive smoking prevention in Japan could be improved by referring to multiple assessment scales.
Concurrent and longitudinal associations between touchscreen use and executive functions at preschool-age
Authors: Mortimer Alicia , Fiske Abigail , Biggs Bethany , Bedford Rachael , Hendry Alexandra , Holmboe Karla 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe prevalence of touchscreen devices has recently risen amongst young children. Some evidence suggests that increased touchscreen use may be negatively related to preschool-age children's executive functions (EFs). However, it has been argued that actively interacting with touchscreen devices (e.g., via creative apps for drawing) could better support EF development compared to passive use (e.g., watching videos). There is a pressing need to understand whether the type of use can explain potential associations between touchscreen use and EF.MethodsBy following up longitudinally on an infant sample, now aged 42-months (N = 101), the current study investigates the relative contributions of passive and active touchscreen use, measured concurrently at 42-months and longitudinally from 10-to-42-months, on parent-reported EFs.ResultsA multivariate multiple regression found no significant negative associations between touchscreen use and preschool EF. There was a significant positive association between active touchscreen use at 42-months and the BRIEF-P Flexibility Index.DiscussionThe lack of significant negative associations found is consistent with an earlier study's findings in the same sample at infancy, suggesting that the moderate levels of early touchscreen use in this sample are not significantly associated with poorer EF, at least up to preschool-age.
Male infertility risk and plasma lipidome: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Yang , Xue Xinyu , Zhou Jun , Qiu Zerui , Wang Biao , Ou Guangyang , Zhou Qing 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundIn recent years, the decline in sperm quality in men has become a global trend. There is a close relationship between sperm quality and pregnancy outcome. There is a large body of literature supporting the role of plasma lipidome in male infertility, while the complex mechanisms between them and male infertility are still less clear. Systematic study of the causal relationship between plasma lipidome and MI can help to provide new therapeutic ideas and targets for male infertility.MethodsIn this study, we used a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis based on Genome-wide association studies pooled data of 179 causal relationships between plasma lipidome and male infertility. We used employed the inverse variance weighted method as the main analysis to assess causality between exposure and outcome, in addition to MR-Egger, Weighted median as complementary methods, and tests for multiplicity and heterogeneity.ResultsWe identified 13 plasma lipidome comprising 4 types of plasma lipidome that were associated with male infertility. Among these, 9 plasma lipidome were found to be protective factors, while 4 were risk factors. Notably, the largest proportion of these plasma lipidome were triglyceride types, with Sphingomyelin (d40:1) exhibiting the strongest association with male infertility.ConclusionThese findings contribute to the current better understanding of male infertility and provide new perspectives on the underlying etiology of male infertility as well as prevention and treatment strategies. In addition, clinical trial validation is needed to assess the potential of these plasma lipidome as biomarkers.
The predictive value of the triglyceride glucose index combined with cystatin C for the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Wang Chen , Liao Pinliang , Tang Chuanqin , Chen Chunlin , Zhang Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundRecent studies have shown that the triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and cystatin C (CysC) are closely related to cardiovascular disease, but there is limited research on the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of the combination of the TyG index and CysC in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in ACS patients who underwent PCI.MethodsThis retrospective study included 319 ACS patients who underwent PCI. The clinical endpoint was the occurrence of MACEs, including all-cause mortality, heart failure, non-fatal myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and angina requiring hospitalization. Patients were classified into MACEs (65 cases) and non-MACEs (254 cases) groups. Univariate factor and multivariate analysis were used to identify predictors of MACEs. The receiver operating curve (ROC) of the prediction model of MACEs was determined. Additionally, the net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement indexes were calculated to further assess the additional predictive value of the risk factors for MACEs. Subgroup and interaction analysis between the TyG index combined with CysC and MACEs were conducted in various subgroups. Patients were stratified according to the optimal cutoff point value of the TyG index and the CysC determined by ROC curve analysis. The Kaplan–Meier analysis method was used to construct a survival curve 1 year after PCI.ResultsDuring a median follow-up period of 14 months, 65 (20.38%) patients had experienced at least one primary endpoint event. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the TyG index and CysC were independently associated with an increased risk of MACEs after PCI (OR, 2.513, 95% CI 1.451–4.351, P= 0.001; and OR, 4.741, 95% CI 1.344–16.731, P=0.016, respectively). The addition of the TyG index and CysC to the baseline risk model had the strongest incremental effect for predicting MACEs in terms of the C-statistic from 0.789 (95% CI 0.723–0.855, P&lt;0.001) to 0.799 (95% CI 0.733–0.865, P&lt;0.001). Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that a TyG index greater than 9.325 and a CysC value greater than 1.065 mg/ml were significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs (log‐rank, all P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionThe TyG index predicts MACEs after PCI in patients with ASC independent of known cardiovascular risk factors. Adjustment of the CysC by the TyG index further improves the predictive ability for MACEs in patients with ACS undergoing PCI. Thus, both of them are expected to become new prognostic indicators for MACEs in patients with ACS after PCI.
Novel PTPRQ variants associated with hearing loss in a Chinese family PTPRQ variants in Chinese hearing loss
Authors: Hou Yuan , Shi Yuanzhen , Liu Longyan , Duan Shihong 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionHearing loss is one of the most prevalent congenital sensory disorders. Over 50% of congenital hearing loss cases are attributed to genetic factors. The PTPRQ gene encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor Q, which plays an important role in maintaining the structure and function of the stereocilia of hair cells. Variants in the PTPRQ gene have been implicated in hereditary sensorineural hearing loss.Methods and ResultsUtilizing next-generation sequencing technology, we identified novel compound heterozygous variants (c.977G&gt;A:p.W326X and c.6742C&gt;T:p.Q2248X) in the PTPRQ gene within a Chinese national lineage, marking the first association of these variants with hereditary sensorineural hearing loss.DiscussionOur findings further emphasize the critical role of PTPRQ in auditory function and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of PTPRQ-associated hearing loss mechanisms, aiding in clinical management and genetic counseling.
Patient preferences for inflammatory bowel disease treatments: protocol development of a global preference survey using a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Schoefs Elise , Vermeire Séverine , Ferrante Marc , Sabino João , Verstockt Bram , Avedano Luisa , De Rocchis Maria Stella , Sajak-Szczerba Magdalena , Saldaña Roberto , Straetemans Noortje , Vandebroek Martina , Janssens Rosanne , Huys Isabelle 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundAs the therapeutic landscape for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to expand, a need exists to understand how patients perceive and value different attributes associated with their disease as well as with current and emerging treatments. These insights can inform the development and regulation of effective interventions for IBD, benefiting various stakeholders including healthcare professionals, drug developers, regulators, Health Technology Assessment bodies, payers, and ultimately patients suffering from IBD. In response to this, the present patient preference study was developed with the aim to (1) determine the relative preference weights for IBD treatment and disease related attributes, and (2) explain how preferences may differ across patients with different characteristics (preference heterogeneity).MethodsThe patient preference study (PPS) was developed through an 8-step process, with each step being informed by an advisory board. This process included: (1) stated preference method selection, (2) attribute and level development (including a scoping literature review, focus group discussions, and advisory board meetings), (3) choice task construction, (4) sample size estimation, (5) survey implementation, (6) piloting, (7) translation, and (8) pre-testing. The resulting discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey comprises 14 attributes with between two and five varying levels. Participants will answer 15 DCE questions with a partial profile design, where each of the choice questions encompasses two hypothetical treatment profiles showing four attributes. Additionally, questions about patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as contextual factors are implemented. The survey is available in 15 different languages and aims to minimally recruit 700 patients globally.DiscussionThis protocol gives valuable insights toward preference researchers and decision-makers on how PPS design can be transparently reported, demonstrating solutions to remaining gaps in preference research. Results of the PPS will provide evidence regarding the disease and treatment related characteristics that are most important for IBD patients, and how these may differ across patients with different characteristics. These findings will yield valuable insights applicable to preference research, drug development, regulatory approval, and reimbursement processes, enabling decision making across the medicinal product life cycle that is aligned with the true needs of IBD patients.
Game-theoretic analysis of governance and corruption in China's pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhang Tao , Gong Hanxiang , Li Jinghua , Wu Baoling , Chen Baoxin , Zhao Shufang 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionWith the rapid development of China's pharmaceutical industry, issues of corruption and regulatory effectiveness have become increasingly prominent, posing critical challenges to public health safety and the industry's sustainable development.MethodsThis paper adopts a bounded rationality perspective and employs a game-theoretic evolutionary approach to establish a tripartite evolutionary game model involving pharmaceutical companies, third-party auditing organizations, and health insurance regulatory agencies. It analyzes the stable strategies of the parties involved and the sensitivity of key parameters within this tripartite game system.ResultsThe study reveals that adherence to health insurance regulations by pharmaceutical companies, refusal of bribes by third-party auditing organizations, and the implementation of lenient regulations by health insurance agencies can form an effective governance equilibrium. This equilibrium state contributes to reducing corruption in the pharmaceutical industry, balancing the interests of all parties, and promoting healthy industry development.DiscussionPharmaceutical companies must balance compliance costs against the risks of non-compliance benefits while maximizing profits; third-party auditing organizations need to choose between fulfilling their duties and accepting bribes, considering their economic benefits and professional reputation; health insurance regulatory agencies adjust their strategies between strict and lenient regulation to maximize social welfare. The paper suggests enhancing policy support, strengthening compliance supervision, improving audit independence, and adjusting regulatory strategies to optimize governance in the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, the research highlights the role of collaborative efforts among the three parties in achieving sustainable governance. Furthermore, the study conducts a numerical simulation analysis to demonstrate the impact of various parameters on the evolutionary stability of the system, providing practical insights into the implementation of regulatory policies. This research offers new insights for policy formulation and governance in China's pharmaceutical sector, providing significant reference value for guiding the industry's sustainable development.