bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating alcohol and tobacco consumption of university students and urban population in Ho Chi Minh City by wastewater analysis
Authors: Quyen Do Thi Thuy , Nhi Tran Thi Yen , Nhon Nguyen Thi Thanh , Hien To Thi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe quantitative measurement of urinary biomarkers in wastewater has emerged as a robust tool for estimating alcohol and tobacco consumption in populations. In this study, we applied the wastewater‐based epidemiology (WBE) approach to compare alcohol and tobacco use between university students and urban inhabitants in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Ethyl sulfate and cotinine serve as markers for alcohol and tobacco use, respectively. Our findings reveal that urban inhabitants aged 15 and above consume 1.56 ± 0.23 mL of pure ethanol and 2.8 ± 0.33 mg of nicotine per day, while university students consume 0.69 ± 0.13 mL of pure alcohol and 1.2 ± 0.2 mg of nicotine per day. This indicates that, on average, students consume less alcohol and tobacco compared with urban adults. A Monte Carlo simulation indicated that, on average, university students in our study smoke 1.5 cigarettes per day, while urban residents aged 15 and above smoke 4.3 cigarettes per day. Considering the smoking prevalence, a student smoker in this study consumes 6.5 cigarettes per day, a level high enough to establish addiction. On the other hand, alcohol use estimation is significantly lower than previous survey‐based reports, likely due to degradation within on‐site septic tanks. Future research should aim to extend the sampling period to capture seasonal variations and improve the understanding of tobacco and alcohol consumption patterns. The results from this study are crucial for decision‐makers in Ho Chi Minh City to develop effective public health strategies and interventions.Practitioner Points
Wastewater‐based approach is applicable to estimate the tobacco consumption in Ho Chi Minh City.
Each current smoker in the urban area of Ho Chi Minh City smokes nearly a package a day.
The estimated consumption for student smokers in U‐town is 6.5 cigarettes per day, a level high enough to establish addiction.
The existence of septic tanks within Vietnam's drainage systems prevents reliable estimation of alcohol consumption for the entire population.
Mortality and failure‐to‐rescue after esophagectomy in the procedure‐targeted National Surgical Quality Improvement Program registry
Authors: Harris Larkin B. , Vyas Vanessa , Marino Katy , Wells Allison , Jensen Hanna K. , Mavros Michail N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe association between procedural volume and esophagectomy outcomes has been established, but the relationship between higher levels of care and esophagectomy outcomes has not been explored. This study aims to investigate whether hospital participation in the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) esophagectomy‐targeted registry is associated with superior outcomes.MethodsThe 2016–2020 ACS NSQIP standard and esophagectomy‐targeted registries were queried. Esophagectomy outcomes were analyzed overall and stratified by esophagectomy type (Ivor Lewis vs. transhiatal vs. 3‐field McKeown).ResultsA total of 2181 and 5449 esophagectomy cases were identified in the standard and targeted databases (68% Ivor Lewis esophagectomy). The median age was 65 years and 80% were male. Preoperative characteristics were largely comparable. On univariate analysis, targeted hospitals were associated with lower mortality (2% vs. 4%, p < 0.01) and failure‐to‐rescue rates (11% vs. 17%, p < 0.01), higher likelihood of an optimal outcome (62% vs. 58%, p = 0.01), and shorter hospital stay (median 9 vs. 10 days, p < 0.01). On multivariable analysis, Ivor Lewis esophagectomy at targeted centers was associated with reduced odds of mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.57 and 95% confidence intervals 0.35–0.90] and failure‐to‐rescue [OR 0.54 (0.33–0.90)] with no difference in serious morbidity or optimal outcome. There was no statistically significant difference in odds of mortality or failure to rescue in targeted versus standard centers when performing transhiatal or McKeown esophagectomy.ConclusionsEsophagectomy performed at hospitals participating in the targeted ACS NSQIP is associated with roughly half the risk of mortality compared to the standard registry. The factors underlying this relationship may be valuable in quality improvement.
Boosting Few-Pixel Robustness Verification via Covering Verification Designs
Authors: Shapira Yuval , Wiesel Naor , Shabelman Shahar , Drachsler-Cohen Dana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProving local robustness is crucial to increase the reliability of neural networks. While many verifiers prove robustness in$$L_\infty \ \epsilon $$L∞ϵ-balls, very little work deals with robustness verification in$$L_0\ \epsilon $$L0ϵ-balls, capturing robustness to few pixel attacks. This verification introduces a combinatorial challenge, because the space of pixels to perturb is discrete and of exponential size. A previous work relies on covering designs to identify sets for defining$$L_\infty $$L∞neighborhoods, which if proven robust imply that the$$L_0\ \epsilon $$L0ϵ-ball is robust. However, the number of neighborhoods to verify remains very high, leading to a high analysis time. We proposecovering verification designs, a combinatorial design that tailors effective but analysis-incompatible coverings to$$L_0$$L0robustness verification. The challenge is that computing a covering verification design introduces a high time and memory overhead, which is intensified in our setting, where multiple candidate coverings are required to identify how to reduce the overall analysis time. We introduce , an$$L_0$$L0robustness verifier that selects between different candidate coveringswithout constructing them, but by predicting their block size distribution. This prediction relies on a theorem providing closed-form expressions for the mean and variance of this distribution. constructs the chosen covering verification designon-the-fly, while keeping the memory consumption minimal and enabling to parallelize the analysis. The experimental results show that reduces the verification time on average by up to 5.1x compared to prior work and that it scales to larger$$L_0\ \epsilon $$L0ϵ-balls.
Verifying Cake-Cutting, Faster
Authors: Bertram Noah , Lai Tean , Hsu Justin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnvy-free cake-cutting protocols procedurally divide an infinitely divisible good among a set of agents so that no agent prefers another’s allocation to their own. These protocols are highly complex and difficult to prove correct. Recently, Bertram, Levinson, and Hsu introduced a language called Slice for describing and verifying cake-cutting protocols. Slice programs can be translated to formulas encoding envy-freeness, which are solved by SMT. While Slice works well on smaller protocols, it has difficulty scaling to more complex cake-cutting protocols.We improve Slice in two ways. First, we show any protocol execution in Slice can be replicated using piecewise uniform valuations. We then reduce Slice’s constraint formulas to formulas within the theory of linear real arithmetic, showing that verifying envy-freeness is efficiently decidable. Second, we design and implement a linear type system which enforces that no two agents receive the same part of the good. We implement our methods and verify a range of challenging examples, including the first nontrivial four-agent protocol.
Higher-derivative relations between scalars and gluons
Authors: Bonnefoy Quentin , Durieux Gauthier , Nepveu Jasper Roosmale 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We extend the covariant color-kinematics duality introduced by Cheung and Mangan to effective field theories. We focus in particular on relations between the effective field theories of gluons only and of gluons coupled to bi-adjoint scalars. Maps are established between their respective equations of motion and between their tree-level scattering amplitudes. An additional rule for the replacement of flavor structures by kinematic factors realizes the map between higher-derivative amplitudes. As an example of new relations, the pure-gluon amplitudes of mass dimension up to eight, featuring insertions of the F3 and F4 operators which satisfy the traditional color-kinematics duality, can be generated at all multiplicities from just renormalizable amplitudes of gluons and bi-adjoint scalars. We also obtain closed-form expressions for the kinematic numerators of the dimension-six gluon effective field theory, which are valid in D space-time dimensions. Finally, we find strong evidence that this extended covariant color-kinematics duality relates the (DF)2+YM(+ϕ3) theories which, at low energies, generate infinite towers of operators satisfying the traditional color-kinematics duality, beyond aforementioned F3 and F4 ones.
Rational terms of UV origin to all loop orders
Authors: Duhr Claude , Thakkar Paarth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Numerical approaches to computations typically reconstruct the numerators of Feynman diagrams in four dimensions. In doing so, certain rational terms arising from the (D − 4)-dimensional part of the numerator multiplying ultraviolet (UV) poles in dimensional regularisation are not captured and need to be obtained by other means. At one-loop these rational terms of UV origin can be computed from a set of process-independent Feynman rules. Recently, it was shown that this approach can be extended to two loops. In this paper, we show that to all loop orders it is possible to compute rational terms of UV origin through process-independent vertices that are polynomial in masses and momenta.
Non-standard neutrino interactions mediated by a light scalar at DUNE
Authors: Dutta Bhaskar , Ghosh Sumit , Kelly Kevin J. , Li Tianjun , Thompson Adrian , Verma Ankur 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We investigate the effect on neutrino oscillations generated by beyond-the-standard-model interactions between neutrinos and matter. Specifically, we focus on scalar-mediated non-standard interactions (NSI) whose impact fundamentally differs from that of vector-mediated NSI. Scalar NSI contribute as corrections to the neutrino mass matrix rather than the matter potential and thereby predict distinct phenomenology from the vector-mediated ones. Similar to vector-type NSI, the presence of scalar-mediated neutrino NSI can influence measurements of oscillation parameters in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, with a notable impact on CP measurement in the case of DUNE. Our study focuses on the effect of scalar NSI on neutrino oscillations, using DUNE as an example. We introduce a model-independent parameterization procedure that enables the examination of the impact of all non-zero scalar NSI parameters simultaneously. Subsequently, we convert DUNE’s sensitivity to the NSI parameters into projected sensitivity concerning the parameters of a light scalar model. We compare these results with existing non-oscillation probes. Our findings reveal that the region of the light scalar parameter space sensitive to DUNE is predominantly excluded by non-oscillation probes, especially when considering all nonzero parameters simultaneously for DUNE.
Quantum-gravitational null Raychaudhuri equation
Authors: Bak Sang-Eon , Parikh Maulik , Sarkar Sudipta , Setti Francesco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider a congruence of null geodesics in the presence of a quantized spacetime metric. The coupling to a quantum metric induces fluctuations in the congruence; we calculate the change in the area of a pencil of geodesics induced by such fluctuations. For the gravitational field in its vacuum state, we find that quantum gravity contributes a correction to the null Raychaudhuri equation which is of the same sign as the classical terms. We thus derive a quantum-gravitational focusing theorem valid for linearized quantum gravity.
Synthesis and evaluation of 2-methylbenzothiazole derivatives as monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Authors: Shaw Maryké , Petzer Jacobus P. , Cloete Theunis T. , Petzer Anél 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders are caused by the progressive death of neuronal cells in specific regions of the brain and spinal cord. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The inhibition of enzymes that metabolise neurotransmitter amines is an important approach in the treatment of these disorders and monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitors have thus been used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Inhibitors of the MAO-A isoform, in turn, are used clinically for the treatment of affective (e.g., major depression) and anxiety disorders. Recent studies have shown that benzothiazole derivatives act as potent MAO inhibitors. Based on these findings, the present study group synthesised thirteen 2-methylbenzo[d]thiazole derivatives and evaluated their in vitro MAO inhibition properties. The results showed that the benzothiazole derivatives were potent and selective inhibitors of human MAO-B, with all compounds exhibiting IC50 values < 0.017 µM. The most potent MAO-B inhibitor (4d) had an IC50 value of 0.0046 µM, while the most potent MAO-A inhibitor (5e) had an IC50 value of 0.132 µM. It may be concluded that active benzothiazole derivatives may serve as potential leads for the development of MAO inhibitors for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
„Kalkanogenese“ mit sekundärer Achillessehnen-Knochenblock-Alloplastik zur Wiedergewinnung der Rückfußfunktion
Authors: Zwipp Hans , Grass René , Amlang Michael , Rammelt Stefan 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kalkanektomie und Achillessehnenresektion sind kaum reparabel.

Ziel der Arbeit
Zu zeigen, dass eine „Kalkanogenese“ mit OSG-Erhalt möglich ist und selbst nach 3,5 Jahren Functio laesa des M. triceps surae dieser nach homologem Achillessehnenersatz wieder aufbaubar ist.

Material und Methode
Ein 25‑j. Motoradfahrer erlitt eine 3° offene Kalkaneusluxationsfraktur (Typ 5). Osteitis und Nekrose erforderten die Kalkanektomie, Resektion der Achillessehne und einen M.-latissimus-dorsi-Transfer. Eine Talusosteotomie mit Ilizarov-Distraktion schuf im 1. Schritt einen „Neokalkaneus“. In einem verzögerten 2. Schritt erfolgte zur Wiedergewinnung der aktiven Plantarflexion die Transplantation eines frisch gefrorenen Achillessehnen-Knochenblock-Allografts.

Ergebnisse
Der AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society)-Wert von initial 35 Punkten mit jetzt 70 Punkten 12 Jahre nach dem Ersteingriff spiegelt ein signifikant verbessertes Ergebnis. Mit beiden Maßnahmen gewann der Patient sein Gehvermögen ohne Orthese mit 88 % seiner normalen Plantarflexionskraft zurück. Die Angaben nach EQ-5D-5L (EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Levels) zur Lebensqualität wurden auf der vertikalen EQ visuellen Analogskala vom Patienten mit 80 von 100 Punkten dokumentiert.

Diskussion
„Kalkanogenese“ unter Erhalt des OSG (Oberes Sprunggelenk) ist möglich. Trotz langer Inaktivität des M. triceps surae von 3,5 Jahren kann ein homologer Achillessehnenersatz mit Knochenblock selbst an einem um ein Drittel kleineren Neokalkaneus 88 % der normalen Abstoßkraft wiederherstellen.
Deliberation and the wisdom of crowds
Authors: Dietrich Franz , Spiekermann Kai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Does pre-voting group deliberation improve majority outcomes? To address this question, we develop a probabilistic model of opinion formation and deliberation. Two new jury theorems, one pre-deliberation and one post-deliberation, suggest that deliberation is beneficial. Successful deliberation mitigates three voting failures: (1) overcounting widespread evidence, (2) neglecting evidential inequality, and (3) neglecting evidential complementarity. Formal results and simulations confirm this. But we identify four systematic exceptions where deliberation reduces majority competence, always by increasing Failure 1. Our analysis recommends deliberation that is ‘participatory’, ‘neutral’, but not necessarily ‘equal’, i.e., that involves substantive sharing, privileges no evidences, but might privilege some persons.
Effect of different deficit irrigation regimes on vine performance, grape composition and wine quality of the “Primitivo” variety under mediterranean conditions
Authors: Losciale P. , Conti L. , Seripierri S. , Alba V. , Mazzone F. , Rustioni L. , di Leo G. , Tarricone F. , Tarricone L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate change represents one of the current major challenges and the improper use of water resources is an impeding threat. Agricultural research can play a crucial role by developing innovative strategies and techniques to reduce water use without affecting crop productivity and quality, particularly in grapevine growing in Mediterranean areas, as both productivity and wine quality are quintessential for the economic and ecologic sustainability of this crop. The present study aimed to define a deficit irrigation strategy for the “Primitivo” grapevine cultivar, taking into account the overall pathway of the vineyard performance in terms of leaf functionality, starch reserves, vine productivity, and wine quality. The trial was carried out in Southern-Italy on a three year-old, drip irrigated vineyard, imposing four deficit irrigation regimes for two consecutive seasons, consisting of 29 (T29), 55 (T55), 85 (T85) and 100% (T100) of crop evapotranspiration (ETC). Mild water restriction (T85) did not affect vegetative nor reproductive vine performance. Deficit irrigation at 55% ETClowered leaf functionality, starch accumulation, vine vigour and yield, due to a reduction of cluster weight; however, wine acidity and phenolic compounds were increased. T29 further decreased yield, as also the number of clusters was reduced. The most water-stressed treatment revealed a low concentration of malic acid in the must and a consequent increase of the ethanol sensation in the wine. After 9 months ageing, T85 had the highest wine colour intensity suggesting this treatment as the most promising in terms of quality and quantity of wine as well as for water saving.
Sediment load forecasting from a biomimetic optimization perspective: Firefly and Artificial Bee Colony algorithms empowered neural network modeling in Çoruh River
Authors: Katipoğlu Okan Mert , Kartal Veysi , Pande Chaitanya Baliram 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe service life of downstream dams, river hydraulics, waterworks construction, and reservoir management is significantly affected by the amount of sediment load (SL). This study combined models such as the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm with the Firefly algorithm (FA) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization techniques for the estimation of monthly SL values in the Çoruh River in Northeastern Turkey. The estimation of SL values was achieved using inputs of previous SL and streamflow values provided to the models. Various statistical metrics were used to evaluate the accuracy of the established hybrid and stand-alone models. The hybrid model is a novel approach for estimating sediment load based on various input variables. The results of the analysis determined that the ABC-ANN hybrid approach outperformed others in SL estimation. In this study, two combinations, M1 and M2, with different input variables, were used to assess the model's accuracy, and the best-performing model for monthly SL estimation was identified. Two scenarios, Q(t) and Q(t − 1), were coupled with the ABC-ANN algorithm, resulting in a highly effective hybrid approach with the best accuracy results (R2 = 0.90, RMSE = 1406.730, MAE = 769.545, MAPE = 5.861, MBE =  − 251.090, Bias Factor =  − 4.457, and KGE = 0.737) compared to other models. Furthermore, the utilization of FA and ABC optimization techniques facilitated the optimization of the ANN model parameters. The significant results demonstrated that the optimization and hybrid techniques provided the most effective outcomes in forecasting SL for both combination scenarios. As a result, the prediction outputs achieved higher accuracy than those of a stand-alone ANN model. The findings of this study can provide essential resources to various managers and policymakers for the management of water resources.
A unified representation framework for the evaluation of Optical Music Recognition systems
Authors: Torras Pau , Biswas Sanket , Fornés Alicia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractModern-day Optical Music Recognition (OMR) is a fairly fragmented field. Most OMR approaches use datasets that are independent and incompatible between each other, making it difficult to both combine them and compare recognition systems built upon them. In this paper we identify the need of a common music representation language and propose the Music Tree Notation format, with the idea to construct a common endpoint for OMR research that allows coordination, reuse of technology and fair evaluation of community efforts. This format represents music as a set of primitives that group together into higher-abstraction nodes, a compromise between the expression of fully graph-based and sequential notation formats. We have also developed a specific set of OMR metrics and a typeset score dataset as a proof of concept of this idea.
Augmented reality navigation in external ventricular drain insertion—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Buwaider Ali , El-Hajj Victor Gabriel , Iop Alessandro , Romero Mario , C Jean Walter , Edström Erik , Elmi-Terander Adrian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExternal ventricular drain (EVD) insertion using the freehand technique is often associated with misplacements resulting in unfavorable outcomes. Augmented Reality (AR) has been increasingly used to complement conventional neuronavigation. The accuracy of AR guided EVD insertion has been investigated in several studies, on anthropomorphic phantoms, cadavers, and patients. This review aimed to assess the current knowledge and discuss potential benefits and challenges associated with AR guidance in EVD insertion. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 2023 for studies evaluating the accuracy of AR guidance for EVD insertion. Studies were screened for eligibility and accuracy data was extracted. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the quality of evidence was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale. Accuracy was reported either as the average deviation from target or according to the Kakarla grading system. Of the 497 studies retrieved, 14 were included for analysis. All included studies were prospectively designed. Insertions were performed on anthropomorphic phantoms, cadavers, or patients, using several different AR devices and interfaces. Deviation from target ranged between 0.7 and 11.9 mm. Accuracy according to the Kakarla grading scale ranged between 82 and 96%. Accuracy was higher for AR compared to the freehand technique in all studies that had control groups. Current evidence demonstrates that AR is more accurate than free-hand technique for EVD insertion. However, studies are few, the technology developing, and there is a need for further studies on patients in relevant clinical settings.