bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the predictors of mutability among healthy human tissues inferred from mutations in single-cell genome data
Authors: Oman Madeleine , Ness Rob W 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Studying mutation in healthy somatic tissues is the key for understanding the genesis of cancer and other genetic diseases. Mutation rate varies from site to site in the human genome by up to 100-fold and is influenced by numerous epigenetic and genetic factors including GC content, trinucleotide sequence context, and DNAse accessibility. These factors influence mutation at both local and regional scales and are often interrelated with one another, meaning that predicting mutability or uncovering its drivers requires modelling multiple factors and scales simultaneously. Historically, most investigations have focused either on analyzing the local sequence scale through triplet signatures or on examining the impact of epigenetic processes at larger scales, but not both concurrently. Additionally, sequencing technology limitations have restricted analyses of healthy mutations to coding regions (RNA-seq) or to those that have been influenced by selection (e.g. bulk samples from cancer tissue). Here, we leverage single-cell mutations and present a comprehensive analysis of epigenetic and genetic factors at multiple scales in the germline and 3 healthy somatic tissues. We create models that predict mutability with on average 2% error and find up to 63-fold variation among sites within the same tissue. We observe varying degrees of similarity between tissues: the mutability of genomic positions was 93.4% similar between liver and germline tissues, but sites in germline and skin were only 85.9% similar. We observe both universal and tissue-specific mutagenic processes in healthy tissues, with implications for understanding the maintenance of germline vs soma and the mechanisms underlying early tumorigenesis.
Effects of electron beam irradiation on structural, physicochemical and functional properties of highland barley Rice
Authors: Chen Xuecong , Kuang Jiwei , Wu Jing , Zhang Chengping , Zhang Jianling , Dang Bin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of electron beam irradiation (EBI) at varying doses (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 kGy) on the functional properties of highland barley rice (HBR), focusing on structural changes in starch and protein. As irradiation doses increased, the water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, and swelling degree of HBR significantly improved, while solubility and gelatinization viscosity decreased (P &lt; 0.05). Analyses using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that higher irradiation doses (≥6 kGy) disrupted starch granules and promoted aggregation of starch and protein. The crystalline form of starch remains unchanged after irradiation, but the short-range ordered structure is disrupted and the degree of crystallinity is reduced; the β-sheets content in the secondary structure of proteins decreases while the random coils increases. Thus, the application of electron beam irradiation at doses ranging from 6 ~ 10 kGy can be utilized in the modification of starch and proteins. This serves as a theoretical foundation for the application of EBI in the processing of HBR and the enhancement of the properties of starch and proteins.
Hydrogen sulfide enhances the competitiveness of Spartina alterniflora in cadmium polluted coastal wetlands
Authors: Zhuo Chongyu , He Chunjiang , Liu Jing , Li Jian , Lyu Huihua , Leng Zhanrui , Cui Jian , Jiang Shan , Du Daolin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The invasion of Spartina alterniflora (SA) has led to significant hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in coastal wetlands. The phytotoxic S2- plays a critical role in elemental biogeochemistry and may contribute to the successful invasion of SA in areas contaminated with heavy metals. To explore how H2S influences nutrient uptake and energy utilization in SA and the native Phragmites australis (PA) under cadmium (Cd) stress, and to uncover the mechanisms by which H2S facilitates SA invasion, a hydroponic experiment was conducted. This experiment included three Cd concentrations (0, 1, and 2 mg Cd L-1) and three H2S treatments (inhibiting H2S synthesis, simulating an external H2S source, and an untreated control). Results revealed that H2S plays a crucial role in balancing the uptake of Mg, Mn, Ca, and Zn in SA, mitigating Cd-induced damage to the photosynthetic system, and enhancing nutrient and energy accumulation under Cd stress. In contrast, H2S was toxic to PA, increasing lipid peroxidation, inhibiting growth, and disrupting mineral uptake, particularly of Ca. This exacerbated the detrimental effects of Cd on the photosynthetic system and nutrient accumulation in PA. In summary, irrespective of Cd treatment, H2S enhanced energy accumulation, mineral uptake, and growth in SA compared to PA. It potentially supported the ecological niche competition within the coastal wetlands during the invasion of SA into PA habitats. Consequently, inhibiting endogenous H2S synthesis in SA may offer a potential strategy for controlling its invasion.
Nostalgia in Politics
Authors: Goidel Spencer , Goidel Kirby , Kellstedt Paul M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Throughout the 2016 presidential campaign, Donald Trump promised to voters that, if elected, he would “make America great again.” Trump’s explicitly nostalgic appeal was rooted in the collective perception, shared by at least some voters, that life was better (and simpler) in the past. Nostalgic appeals have a long history in American politics. Trump’s “Make America Great Again” (MAGA) slogan was co-opted from Reagan’s “let’s make America great again.” Despite their long history, we suspect that, as nostalgic appeals have become central to the Republican Party’s messaging, nostalgia-susceptible voters have sorted into the Republican Party. Recently, scholars have attempted to better understand the political consequences of nostalgia on voting for populist parties, both in general and specifically for Donald Trump. We make three contributions to the literature. First, using an open-ended prompt, we consider more carefully what people mean when they say they long for the “good old days.” Second, we use these open-ended responses to inform our measurement of nostalgia and whether it reflects a longing for the past or pessimism about the future. In doing so, we show the importance of religiosity and media consumption (i.e., Fox News) as predictors of individual-level nostalgia. Third, we connect our measure of nostalgia to vote choice during the 2022 midterm election—demonstrating that the effects are broader than support for Donald Trump. Overall, we contend that if one is to fully understand contemporary politics, one needs to know how nostalgia influences political attitudes and behaviors.
The Long-Run Effects of America’s Largest Residential Racial Desegregation Program: Gautreaux
Authors: Chyn Eric , Collinson Robert , Sandler Danielle H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper studies the effects of the largest residential racial desegregation initiative in U.S. history, the Gautreaux Assisted Housing Program. From the late 1970s to the 1990s, Gautreaux moved thousands of Black families into predominantly white neighborhoods to support racial and economic integration. We link historical program records to administrative data and use plausibly exogenous variation in neighborhood placements to study how desegregating moves impact children in the long-run. Being placed in the predominantly white neighborhoods targeted by the program significantly increases children’s future lifetime earnings and wealth. These moves also increase the likelihood of marriage and particularly raise the probability of being married to a white spouse. Moreover, placements through Gautreaux impact neighborhood choices in adulthood. Those placed in predominantly white neighborhoods during childhood live in more racially diverse areas with higher rates of upward mobility nearly 40 years later.
Virtually the same, but remotely different: health professionals, parents and children’s experiences of remote out-patient consultations
Authors: Saron Holly , Cleary Gavin , Marson Anthony , Ainsworth Jenny , Downing Jennifer , Sandars John , Whitty Laura , Cheetham Shabnam , Sinha Ian , Carter Bernie , Pain Clare E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To explore experiences, benefits and concerns associated with remote (telephone/video) consultations from the perspectives of children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), their parents, and health professionals (HPs) who were members of a multidisciplinary team in a paediatric rheumatology setting.

Methods
Qualitative design (Interpretive Description) utilising observation of remote (telephone/video) consultations and remote follow-up interviews with children and young people (7–18 years) with JIA, their parents, and HPs. The setting was a tertiary paediatric rheumatology clinic in a hospital in Northwest England. Two groups of experts-by-experience (children, young people, parents) provided high quality input into study design and dissemination materials. Data analysis used reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Thirty-seven participants were observed (11 video, 5 telephone consultations): HPs (n = 8); mothers (n = 11); fathers (n = 3); children and young people (n = 15). Parents (n = 7), children and young people (n = 8) and HPs (n = 7) were interviewed. The overarching theme was that remote consultations were ‘virtually the same but remotely different’ to face-to-face hospital-based consultations. Four sub-themes were identified: It’s a catch-up rather than a check-up; A sense of familiarity but a shift in dynamics; Minimising disruption and burden; and, Being ‘seen’ but seen differently.

Conclusions
Overall, remote consultations were viewed positively, bringing benefits to children, young people, and parents. There was a notable transition in responsibility towards children and young people and/or their parents for reporting and recognising disease flare, compared with face-to-face consultations. Optimising the experience of remote consultations though better preparation, information and education for children, young people, parents and HPs is needed.
Unravelling the challenges of mycetoma: a case series highlighting diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic triumphs
Authors: Mathur Mahesh , Thakur Neha , Jaiswal Sunil , Regmi Sandhya , Paudel Supriya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mycetoma is a chronic suppurative granulomatous infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and is caused by filamentous aerobic bacteria (actinomycetoma) or true fungi (eumycetoma), representing 60% and 40% of cases worldwide, respectively. The causative organism enters into the subcutaneous tissue, usually of the foot, from contaminated soil or vegetative material through inoculation from a thorn prick, or repeated trauma. It commonly affects men, farmers and field workers. Differentiating eumycetoma from actinomycetoma can be challenging but is required before starting prolonged treatment. One of our patients presented with lesions on the thigh and in a sporotrichoid pattern that is atypical, while the other two patients were treated with antifungal medication for eumycetoma for years without proper investigation and improvement. Early diagnosis of actinomycetoma is mandatory to prevent tissue destruction, bone invasion and ultimate loss of function by proper investigative workup, histopathology and direct microscopy of discharge. We here report three cases of actinomycetoma with clinical and microbiology profiles treated successfully with tablets of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazoleand amoxicillin–clavulanic acid along with folic acid as proposed by the Cochrane systemic review protocol 2018.
K-Complex morphological alterations in insomnia disorder and their relationship with sleep state misperception
Authors: Gorgoni Maurizio , Fasiello Elisabetta , Leonori Valerio , Galbiati Andrea , Scarpelli Serena , Alfonsi Valentina , Annarumma Ludovica , Casoni Francesca , Castronovo Vincenza , Ferini-Strambi Luigi , De Gennaro Luigi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Insomnia disorder (ID) is characterized by electroencephalographic indexes of hyperarousal, often associated with the underestimation of sleep duration (i.e., sleep state misperception). Albeit NREM sleep K-complexes (KCs) are involved in sleep protection and arousal, only a few studies investigated their alterations in ID with heterogenous findings, and results about their possible relationship with sleep state misperception are missing. The study aims to assess KCs in ID and their relationship with sleep state misperception, also considering their correlation with sleep architecture (i.e., the large-scale organization of sleep). Nineteen ID patients (12 F; age: 42.4±12.1 y) and 18 healthy controls (HC; 10 F; age: 41.6±11.9 y) underwent a night of home polysomnography and completed sleep diaries upon awakening. KC density, amplitude and area under the curve were assessed in midline frontal, central, and parietal derivations. Sleep state misperception was investigated by considering polysomnographic and subjective total sleep time (TST). We found reduced anterior KC morphology (i.e., amplitude and area under the curve) in ID patients compared to HCs, which was associated with TST underestimation. KC morphology was negatively associated with N3 latency, sleep fragmentation and arousal indexes, and positively related with N3 percentage and sleep efficiency. Our findings suggest an impaired sleep protection mechanism expressed by altered KCs morphology in ID involved in sleep state misperception. The observed correlations support the view of KC as forerunner of Slow Wave Sleep and protector of sleep continuity. A better understanding of sleep-protecting mechanisms alteration as a predisposing and/or maintaining factor of ID is needed.
Regulation of peripheral glucose levels during human sleep
Authors: Yang Xuefeng , Fedumenti Fernando Tavares , Niethard Niels , Hallschmid Manfred , Born Jan , Rauss Karsten 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Studies in rats indicate that oscillatory signatures of memory processing during sleep, and specifically hippocampal sharp wave-ripples, also regulate peripheral glucose concentration. Here, we examined whether there is a similar link between such signatures of memory processing and glucose regulation during sleep in healthy humans. We obtained polysomnographic recordings and continuous recordings of peripheral interstitial glucose levels (1 sample/min) from 10 participants (5 females) during two consecutive nights. Temporal relationships between EEG events of interest and glucose levels were examined using cross-correlation functions and time-event histograms. Confirming the findings in rats, we find that sleep spindles, a core signature of sleep-dependent memory processing, are followed within 1-6 min by a robust decrease in glucose concentrations. By contrast, slow oscillation events hallmarking slow wave sleep (SWS) were followed, with a lag of 5-11 min, by an increase in glucose levels. Transitions into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were followed by a glucose decrease after 10-14 min, whereas awakenings and microarousals were linked to immediate glucose increases. These temporal relationships indicate a sleep-specific regulation of peripheral glucose concentrations that is linked to both signatures of sleep-dependent memory processing as well as the macro-architecture of sleep. They possibly reflect noradrenergic regulation of sympathetic activity via the brainstem locus coeruleus, and may be of relevance in clinical conditions with concurrent disturbances of sleep and glucose regulation.
Adjacent Segment Pathology After Short-Segment Posterior Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Horne Fielding , Louis Atherton Mara , Motiei-Langroudi Rouzbeh 
Published: February 2025

Study Design:
Retrospective review of 363 patients who underwent posterior lumbar fusion (PLF).

Objective:
Adjacent segment pathology (ASP) is a major and common event in patients who have undergone PLF. The objective of this study is to determine if ASP is due to accelerated processes following fusion or to pre-existing degeneration.

Summary of Background Data:
ASP is defined as degenerative changes that occur 1–2 levels above or below the site of fusion in patients. The etiology of ASP is a topic of debate.

Methods:
Preoperative MRIs of 363 individuals who underwent PLF within L2–L3, L3–L4, and L4–L5 at the University of Kentucky between 2010 and 2020 were assessed for evidence of pre-existing degeneration. Measures of degeneration included Pfirrmann grade, modified Pfirrmann grade, disc height, and facet hyperintensity width. Demographic measures, including age, sex, smoking status, and BMI were also assessed.

Results:
Throughout the follow-up period, 30.0% of patients evaluated were found to have ASP. 83.7% of these happened at the level below and 16.3% happened at the level above the fusion. Paired sample t testing indicated that only disc height was significantly different in the adjacent levels in those who developed ASP. There was no significant difference between the 2 levels for Pfirrmann grade, modified Pfirrmann grade, and facet T2 hyperintensity. Among degenerative measures, only disc height was different (lower) in the level below PLF compared with above, before fusion. Age, sex, and smoking status were not significantly different between those who developed ASP and those who did not (P=0.68, 0.81, 0.23, respectively).

Conclusions:
Analysis suggests that in patients undergoing PLF, pre-existing degeneration plays an insignificant role in the development of ASP, and that postoperative acceleration of degenerative changes still represents the primary etiology of ASP.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Predictive Evaluation of Septal Cartilage-bone Complex for Rhinoplasty Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Seo Min-Gi , Jung Dong-Woo 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Septal extension grafting (SEG) is commonly used for correcting Asian short noses. When septal cartilage is limited, septal bone can be included. This study evaluates the outcomes of SEG using a septal cartilage-septal bone complex (SCBC) and assesses preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for predicting septal bone suitability.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted of Korean women planned for SEG with SCBC from July 2021 to June 2022. Preoperative CBCT scans measured Hounsfield Unit (HU) values for septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid (PPE), and vomer. Of 27 patients, 19 underwent SEG with SCBC, whereas 8 did not due to unsuitable septal bone. Clinical outcomes and satisfaction were assessed through surveys and photographs.

Results:
For the 19 patients using SCBC, the average HU for PPE was 286.5 ± 126.6 (ratio 6.8 ± 2.1), and for vomer, HU was 230.3 ± 95.2 (ratio 5.7 ± 1.8). SEG significantly improved nasal length and tip projection, although tip softness was less favorable. Among the 8 patients not using SCBC, 5 had bones that were too thick and stiff (PPE: 667.8 ± 102.2, ratio 15.5 ± 2.7; vomer: 342.8 ± 55.1, ratio 8.1 ± 2.3), and 3 had fragile bones (PPE: 148.7 ± 45.4, ratio 3.1 ± 0.7; vomer: 199.0 ± 68.6, ratio 4.1 ± 0.9).

Conclusions:
SEG using SCBC effectively corrects short noses in Asian patients. Preoperative HU ratios from CBCT can help predict septal bone quality and guide surgical planning. Further research with larger cohorts is needed to confirm these findings.
Inpatient ophthalmology consultations for candidemia: a literature review and opinion
Authors: Mishra Amit V. , Loh Graeme K. , Ehmann David S. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
To examine the role of the ophthalmologist in screening for ocular candidiasis in patients with Candidemia.

Recent findings
Recent evidence has shown that previously published incidence rates of endophthalmitis in Candidemia were overestimating risk due to nonuniform guidelines. Newer data suggest a very low rate of endophthalmitis in the Candidemia population. There is currently a lack of definitive data proving that retinal findings lead to significant changes in the clinical management of patients with regards to systemic treatment and overall outcomes.

Summary
Given the low rates of endophthalmitis, minimal management changes with positive retinal findings, and recently published guidelines from the American Academy of Ophthalmology, we posit that ocular screening of all patients with Candidemia is not warranted. However, more research is required to better delineate high-risk features that could guide which patients would require ophthalmologic examination. Further collaboration between ophthalmology and infectious disease specialists is vital to create new evidence-based guidelines based on the recent data.
Infant Responses to Primary Immunization Following Vaccination in Pregnancy With Varying Doses of Recombinant Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Alone or Combined With Tetanus-Diphtheria
Authors: Puthanakit Thanyawee , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Anugulruengkitt Suvaporn , Chaithongwongwatthana Surasith , Phongsamart Wanatpreeya , Wittawatmongkol Orasri , Rungmaitree Supattra , Tang Yuxiao , Kerdsomboon Chawanee , Yuwaree Vilasinee , Fortuna Librada , Mansouri Souad , Pham Hong Thai , Bhat Niranjan , Innis Bruce L. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Vaccination in pregnancy with recombinant pertussis vaccine results in similar or higher antibody levels in infants compared with chemically detoxified acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdapchem). We evaluated antibody responses to primary childhood vaccination in infants born to mothers vaccinated in pregnancy with recombinant pertussis vaccine containing 1, 2 or 5 µg genetically detoxified pertussis toxin (ap1gen, Tdap1gen, Tdap2gen or TdaP5gen) or Tdapchem.

Methods:
Infants (393) received diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis (DTwP) at 2, 4 and 6 months (3+0) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) at 2, 4 and 12 months of age (2+1). Serum IgG levels against pertussis toxoid (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), diphtheria toxoid (DT), tetanus toxoid (TT), PCV13 serotypes and PT-neutralizing antibody (PT-Nab) titers were assessed. PT-IgG ≥10 IU was used as a cutoff for potential protection in infants.

Results:
PT-IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMC) were ≥10 IU/mL at 5 and 7 months of age but waned below 10 IU/mL at 13 months in all groups. FHA-IgG GMCs and PT-Nab geometric mean titers were also below 10 IU/mL in all groups at 13 months of age. TT-IgG and DT-IgG seroprotection rates (≥0.1 IU/mL) ranged from 97.1% to 100% at 7 and 13 months. Postbooster PCV13-serotype-specific seroprotection rates (IgG ≥ 0.35 µg/mL) ranged between 87% and 100%. Antibody responses were comparable between groups after DTwP priming (7 months) and PCV13 priming (5 months) and booster vaccination (13 months).

Conclusions:
Childhood vaccine responses are comparable after mothers receive genetically or chemically detoxified acellular pertussis vaccines in pregnancy.