bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrimination Among Acrylic Fiber Types by Small-Angle Light Scattering of Single Fibers
Authors: Bresee RR , McCullough EA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Small-angle light scattering (SALS) patterns and scanning electron photomicrographs of single fibers were recorded for 15 different types of acrylic fibers. SALS was seen to be a sensitive tool for discriminating among the fiber types and for characterizing fiber cross-sectional shapes, surface topography, opacity, and various forms of random bicomponent fibers.
A Case of Self-Inflicted Justice
Authors: Longwell CR , Briner RC , Rapert BR , Coombs EA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A coordinated effort among the agencies represented by the authors resulted in satisfactory answers to several puzzling questions encountered during the investigation of a fatal shooting. Several investigative and analytical techniques were used to reach the final conclusion. Overall coordination of the investigation, along with the collection of items of evidence, was handled by the sheriff's department. The highway patrol photographed the scene, aided in taling statements, and ran polygraph examinations that eventually aided in verifying the validity of some of the statements. Analyses of the various items of evidence by the crime laboratory personnel helped in the determination of what had occurred.
A Review of A Bibliography on Ethyl Alcohol for Forensic Science and Medicine and the Law
Authors: McBay AJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This bound, printed, computer readout provides quick access to citations of selected references on topics related to the forensic science aspects of ethyl alcohol. The main sources of references were the Central Research Establishment's collection and the U.S. National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE). Of 12 000 references screened, 1633 papers were selected. The main criteria for selection were based on questions asked about alcohol by scientists, laymen, and courts. It includes papers on how alcohol affects driving performance, its disappearance from the body, and its action in combination with other drugs. References on alcoholism and animal experimentation have been excluded.
Use of Photoluminescence to Investigate Apparent Suicides by Firearms
Authors: Loper GL , Calloway AR , Stamps M.A. , Wolten GM , Jones PF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A photoluminescence technique, which detects lead and antimony in gunshot residue, was evaluated for use in investigations of apparent gunshot suicides. The study was conducted in conjunction with forensic science laboratories in five U.S. cities. Samples were collected by the adhesive lift method from the backs of the hands of 67 gunshot suicide victims, 41 subjects who died of other causes, and 31 live subjects with high occupational exposure to lead and antimony. Tentative simultaneous threshold levels of 0.85μg for lead and 0.01 μg for antimony were selected as criteria for presuming the presence of gunshot residue on samples from the hands of these suicide victims. Although blood decreases the detectability of lead and antimony in the samples, 48% of the suicide cases involving handguns other than .22 revolvers exceeded the threshold levels for both lead and antimony. Methods are suggested for eliminating the effects of blood, which should significantly increase the success rate for cases involving these guns. A much lower success rate was obtained for cases involving .22 revolvers and long guns, as expected from the sparse amounts of residue found in previous test firings of these guns.
Fluorescence Spectrometry in the Identification and Discrimination of Float and Other Surfaces on Window Glasses
Authors: Lloyd JBF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Fluorescence spectra have been obtained with conventional spectrometers from glass.surfaces varying in area down to 0.05 mm2 on fragments as small as 18 μg in mass. In such fragments several fluorescence features can be identified, including the tin fluorescence typical of float surfaces. Float surface fragments may therefore be unambiguously differentiated from other surface fragments by their fluorescence excitation spectra. Thus, in many cases the forensic scientist may now show that the type of glass surface facing the person alleged to have broken it is or is not of the same type as any incriminating fragments. Within the two classes of glass (float and nonfloat) appreciable variation occurs in relative fluorescence intensities. For float glasses there is negligible correlation between the tin fluorescence intensity and any refractive index feature, including the recently reported surface refractive index that is also characteristic of glass of this type.
Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Trimethoxyamphetamines—A Comparison of Predicted with Experimental Results
Authors: Bailey K , Legault D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Chemical shifts of the 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the six trimethoxyamphetamines were predicted from results previously found for the monomethoxyamphetamines and dimethoxyamphetamines. The spectra were then determined and the signals assigned by an internally consistent analysis in comparison with the predicted shifts. Data from the spectra and details of their interpretation are presented. The agreement between found and predicted chemical shifts is excellent. The information is valuable for the structural authentication of reference materials. Differences in the chemical shifts of the methoxyl signals are related to conformational effects. The ortho and para shielding parameters discerned can be used to predict the spectra and thus identify unknowns in the absence of reference material.
Isoelectric Focusing in Agarose: Phosphoglucomutase (PGM Locus 1) Typing
Authors: Burdett PE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The subphenotypes of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) were successfully typed by isoelectric focusing with a charge-balanced agarose. The resolution was as high as that obtained with polyacrylamide, with none of the drawbacks associated with the use of polyacrylamide. Exceptionally straight iso-pH lines were obtained, making interpretation of the results more reliable. Gel preparation was simple and rapid, and the time for analysis was reduced. A way of preserving the resultant zymogram is described.
Secondary Intracranial Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Due to Spinal Missile Injury
Authors: Smialek JE , Chason JL , Kshirsagar V , Spitz WU 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Fresh intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage may occur secondary to blast-type injury of the spinal cord. This phenomenon is demonstrated in four cases of gunshot and shotgun wounds involving the spinal column. The significance of such a finding is that the subarachnnid hemorrhage should not be construed to represent an independent injury. Such an erroneous conclusion could jeopardize a theory of self-defense in a homicidal shooting.
A Review of Postmortem Procedures
Authors: Graham JW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Postmortem Procedures is designed primarily for the autopsy assistant and consists of 159 pages with 168 black and white photographs. The ten chapters are arranged in the sequence the body proceeds through the mortuary, that is, receiving area procedures and design, postmortem room design, special autopsy procedures, and preparation of the body for the funeral director.
Narcotic-Related Deaths in the District of Columbia: 1971–1979
Authors: Zimney EL , Luke JL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Two hundred eighty-seven deaths directly related to narcotic abuse occurred in the District of Columbia between July 1971 and December 1979. Factors contributing to death in some cases included lack of opiate tolerance as well as the conjoint abuse of ethanol. Free morphine was identified more often in the blood of victims dying rapidly than in the blood of those with longer post-injection survival. A statistically significant correlation between the number of heroin-related fatalities and the purity of heroin available to the user was observed over the 8½-year study period.
Zinc Concentrations in Vitreous Humor: A Postmortem Study Comparing Alcoholic and Patients Other
Authors: McDonald L , Sullivan A , Sturner WQ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Postmortem vitreous humor samples from alcoholic and other patients were compared. Zinc concentrations were lower in the alcoholic group of patients as compared to those who were not alcoholic. These findings support previous studies that indicate a decreased concentration of zinc in other body tissues and serum in alcoholic patients.
Forensic Sciences Aspects of Santeria, a Religious Cult of African Origin
Authors: Wetli CV , Martinez R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The anatomic, cultural, and legal aspects of Santeria, a religious cult of African origin, as experienced by the Dade County Medical Examiner's Office, are presented. Human skeletal parts are generally found in association with an obvious ritual or may be discovered in shallow graves. Their ritualistic use is often suggested by their association with pennies, chicken feathers, evidence of prolonged internment, rust, or accoutrements characteristic of the cult. Although some specimens were obviously purchased or were previously used as anatomic specimens, others have obscure origins. In one instance the source was proven to be a grave robbing that had taken place 30 months earlier. The potential for “voodoo death“ and outright homicide is discussed. It is anticipated that evidence of Santeria rituals will extend to other parts of the United States as Carribbean immigration continues.
An Improved Method for Rapid and Accurate Scanning of Fibers on Tape
Authors: Grieve MC , Garger EF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The use of adhesive tape to remove fibers transferred during contact between garments in criminal cases is standard forensic science practice. Problems associated with the recovery of “suspect” fibers from these tape strips are discussed. An aid to searching is suggested that eliminates these problems and provides an effective, accurate, and time-saving method for dealing with this routine task. It also allows more accurate quantitation of various fiber types present on tapes.
The Identification of Human Bloodstains by Means of a Micro-Thin-Layer Immunoassay Procedure
Authors: Lappas NT , Fredenburg ME 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A method for the identification of human bloodstains using a micro-thin-layer immunoassay (TIA) procedure is presented. The equivalent of approximately 0.01 μL of human blood may be detected using this method with anti-human hemoglobin. Blind studies and stability studies indicate that the method is sufficiently specific and sensitive to be of forensic science value.
Interpretation of Shoe Wear Patterns in a Personal Injury Case
Authors: Rowe WF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the course of a personal injury case, a shoe having a broken sole was examined to determine if the sole was broken when its wearer suffered a serious fall or if the sole had been broken prior to the fall (and therefore could have caused the accident). The analysis of scratches and other manifestations of wear, as well as the presence of waterstaining in the shoe's lining, indicated that the broken sole had not resulted from the wearer's fall but had existed for some time previous to that accident.
A Review of Identification of Thumb Impressions and Cross Examination of Fingerprint Experts
Authors: Roth CH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Unless you are a thumbprint examiner or handwriting examiner in India, this book will not be of much use to you. In the preface, the author states that “the book contains all about fingerprints.” In fact, it deals only with one small part of the field of fingerprint identification. The author has limited his book to the identification and comparison of inked thumbprints to inked thumbprints as they appear on documents of questioned authorship and does not touch on any of the other types of fingerprint identification. In fairness to the author, his field of expertise is important in India and other countries with a high illiteracy rate, but it is not a field used much in the United States.
Circular Dichroism: An Alternative Method for Drug Analysis
Authors: Bowen JM , Crone TA , Head VL , McMorrow HA , Kennedy RK , Purdie N 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA case is made for the acceptance of circular dichroism spectropolarimetry as a method for the direct and quantitative analysis of controlled substances in solid dosage forms of drugs. The method is critically described and results are included for the analysis of codeine, heroin, l-cocaine, and d-lysergic acid diethylamide.
Analysis of Fire Debris by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Bryce KL , Stone IC , Daugherty KE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper describes a new technique for analyzing fire debris using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Petroleum distillates, which are commonly used as accelerants, were weathered, burned, and steam-distilled. These, as well as virgin samples of the accelerants, were analyzed by gas chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. The use of NMR is described as a valuable adjunct to the existing methods of analysis.
A Study of Shotgun Pellet Ricochet
Authors: McConnell MP , Triplett GM , Rowe WF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A study of shotgun pellet ricochet was conducted with a 12-gauge shotgun with a 457-mm (18-in.) cylinder bore barrel and 00 buckshot, both commonly used by law enforcement agencies. Concrete patio block and concrete road surface were used as intermediate target surfaces because of the common occurrence of these or similar materials in the environment. The shotgun was fired at close range so that a more accurate measurement of the angle of incidence, angle of ricochet, and pattern of shotgun pellet distribution could be obtained than is possible at greater distances. Because of the limited range of impact forces that the intermediate target materials could withstand and still retain their structural integrity, the angles of incidence used during this study were small (below 30° A series of five shots at the nominal angles of incidence of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20° and 25° were fired at each surface. Illustration board, a readily penetrable material, was used as a final target to record the shot pattern of the ricocheted shotgun pellets. The actual values of the angles of incidence, as well as the angles of ricochet, were calculated trigonometrically for each round fired. The centers of mass and the dispersals of the shotgun pellet patterns were also calculated.
Propoxyphene in Postmortem Toxicology 1976–1978
Authors: Finkle BS , Caplan YH , Garriott JC , Monforte JR , Shaw RF , Sonsalla PK 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA total of 1859 cases provides the basis for this study in which propoxyphene, and often its major metabolite, was demonstrated by toxicological analysis in the blood or tissues of the deceased at 27 medical examiner or coroner's offices across the United States and Canada. The study period includes the last five months of 1975 through December 1978. The cases describe a clearly defined adult population with a marked tendency toward hypochondria, chronic minor illness, and severe psychiatric problems. The high proportion of suicides (44.1% of the total cases and 54.0% of the drug-caused deaths) and multiple-drug toxicities (88.6%) suggests that the involvement of propoxyphene in many of these fatalities may be of less significance than the phenomenon of “polypharmacy” and self-medication without appropriate medical supervision. This evaluation of propoxyphene provides no evidence that propoxyphene is responsible for “street-drug” fatalities. Its appearance in postmortem toxicological examinations has been declining sharply since 1977, but it continues to be dangerous when used excessively, particularly in combination with alcohol and other central nervous system depressant drugs.
The Determination of the Sex of an Individual from a Dried Bloodstain Using Radioimmunoassay of Testosterone, Progesterone, and Estradiol-17β
Authors: Brown BL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique was developed for the purpose of determining the sex of an individual by measuring the steroids testosterone (T), progesterone (P), and estradiol-17β (E2) in dried bloodstains. The steroid values from a single bloodstain are reported as ratios T/P, T/E2, and P/E2. The results reported include data on the validation of this technique, results of analysis of 146 duplicate bloodstains representing 112 samples from females and 34 samples from males as controls, and results of analysis of 114 duplicate bloodstains representing 60 from females and 54 from males that were submitted as a blind study to test the accuracy of this RIA technique in determining the sex of an individual from a dried bloodstain.
Sex Offenders: Diagnosis, Organicity, and Intelligence
Authors: Bonheur HH , Rosner R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This is a survey of over 60 defendants who were indicted on charges of sexual offenses in the County of New York and who were referred for comprehensive psychodiagnostic evaluation atthe psychology unit of the Forensic Psychiatry Clinic. Only a small segment of the sample was found to be suffering from organic central nervous system impairment or to be of subnormal intellectual endowment.
Individual Cytokines Modulate the Neurological Symptoms ofATMDeficiency in a Region Specific Manner
Authors: Hui Chin Wai , Herrup Karl 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAtaxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a multisystemic neurodegenerative disease of childhood caused by the absence of functional ATM (A-T mutated) protein. The cerebellar cortex has the most obvious neuropathology, yet cells in other brain regions are also abnormal. A-T mouse models have been produced that replicate much, though not all, of the complex A-T phenotype. Nongenetic factors, including modulations of the immune status of the animal, have also recently been found to play a role in the disease phenotype. Here we report that these modulations show both cytokine and brain region specificity. The CNS changes induced by broad-spectrum immune challenges, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections are a complex mixture of neuroprotective (TNFα) and neurodegenerative (IL1β) cytokine responses that change over time. For example, LPS first induces a protective response in A-T neurons through activation of tissue repair genes through infiltration of monocytes with M2 phenotype, followed over time by a set of more degenerative responses. Additional phenotypic complexity arises because the neuronal response to an immune challenge is regionally variable; cerebellum and cortex differ in important ways in their patterns of cellular and biochemical changes. Tracking these changes reveals an important though not exclusive role for the MAP kinase pathway. Our findings suggest brain responses to cytokine challenges are temporally and regionally specific and that both features are altered by the absence of ATM. This implies that management of the immune status of A-T patients might have significant clinical benefit.
Better to burn out than it is to rust: coordinating cellular redox states during aging and stress
Authors: Rongo Christopher 
Published: August 2015

Both the protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and the oxidation/reduction (redox) environment of the cell play critical roles in disease‐ and age‐associated decline, yet the relationship between the two remains mysterious. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Kirstein et al () show that both the cytosol and the ER shift their redox states in response to proteotoxic stress and that stress in one compartment can alter redox state in the other. Moreover, proteotoxic stress can induce changes in redox state across tissues, suggesting that an organism‐wide surveillance mechanism modulates cellular redox environment.
Abordaje metodológico para formulación participativa de planes de asistencia técnica agropecuaria con enfoque territorial
Authors: Rodríguez Espinosa Holmes , Ramírez Gómez Carlos Julián 
Published: August 2015

La identificación colectiva de necesidades y la toma conjunta de decisiones en la formulación de proyectos para el desarrollo agropecuario es un proceso que requiere la identificación de metodologías participativas para fomentar el compromiso activo y reflexivo de los productores. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar un abordaje metodológico para la formulación participativa de planes generales de asistencia técnica con enfoque territorial. Se realizó un análisis matricial para la identificación y priorización de los factores más limitantes en asistencia técnica para la producción de leche y se definieron las alternativas de solución, por medio de talleres participativos con los productores. Los resultados permitieron evidenciar las ventajas del proceso de reflexión colectiva por parte de la comunidad beneficiaria y de las herramientas cuantitativas, reduciendo la subjetividad en la toma de decisiones, mejorando la participación de los beneficiarios en la planificación de su propio desarrollo y la identificación de alternativas aceptables para el productor y viables en su implementación por parte del municipio para superar las deficiencias en el manejo de los suelos y de las pasturas, la implementación de buenas prácticas y el manejo racional de agroquímicos.
Evaluación de las herramientas de secuenciación masiva (NGS) para identificar genes asociados con tolerancia al estrés hídrico en caña de azúcar
Authors: Riascos Arcos John Jaime , Espitia Navarro Héctor Fabio , López Gerena Jershon 
Published: August 2015

<p>En la investigación se evaluó la utilidad de las nuevas tecnologías de secuenciación masiva NGS en la identificación de genes expresados en variedades de caña, bajo condiciones de estrés por déficit hídrico o por anegamiento. No obstante que en la actualidad la secuenciación masiva NGS es la metodología preferida en estudios de transcriptómica comparativa, en el caso de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.) es necesario verificar su utilidad, si se tiene en cuenta la complejidad de su genoma y que herramientas útiles, como un genoma de referencia, no se encuentran disponibles. Para el estudio se seleccionaron dos variedades de caña para cada tipo de estrés (una tolerante y una susceptible) tanto en el caso del déficit hídrico como en el caso del anegamiento. Cada una de estas variedades se mantuvo bajo condiciones de estrés (niveles medio o severo) por déficit de agua o por anegamiento para inducir la expresión de los ARNm de interés. Para cada una se crearon tres bibliotecas de ADNc a partir de tejido foliar (para un total de 12 bibliotecas), las cuales se secuenciaron usando la metodología Illumina-RNA-Seq. Los resultados de expresión diferencial obtenidos a partir de estos análisis mostraron ortólogos de genes previamente identificados como contribuyentes a la tolerancia causada por el déficit hídrico o el anegamiento. También fue posible diferenciar entre los niveles de expresión de transcritos altamente similares. Los resultados aquí presentados permiten concluir la utilidad de las metodologías NGS en estudios de transcriptómica comparativa de caña de azúcar.</p><p> </p>