bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Interaction between Phosphohistidine Analogues and Phosphotyrosine Binding Domains
Authors: McAllister Tom E. , Horner Katherine A. , Webb Michael E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe have investigated the interaction of peptides containing phosphohistidine analogues and their homologues with the prototypical phosphotyrosine binding SH2 domain from the eukaryotic cell signalling protein Grb2 by using a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry and a fluorescence anisotropy competition assay. These investigations demonstrated that the triazole class of phosphohistidine analogues are capable of binding too, suggesting that phosphohistidine could potentially be detected by this class of proteins in vivo.
TiN@VN Nanowire Arrays on 3D Carbon for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Pang Hongchang , Ee Shu Jing , Dong Yongqiang , Dong Xiaochen , Chen Peng 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe hybridize core–shell‐structured metal‐nitride nanowires with a 3D carbon substrate. Such electrodes demonstrate a high volumetric capacitance and good cycling stability, owing to the synergistic integration of titanium nitride and vanadium nitride, as well as the vast surface area and conductive network provided by the microporous 3D carbon structure.
Highly Efficient Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Dibenzocycloheptatrienes
Authors: Pflästerer Daniel , Rettenmeier Eva , Schneider Severin , de Las Heras Ruiz Edgar , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDibenzocycloheptatrienes are obtained by a gold‐catalyzed 7‐exo‐dig hydroarylation protocol in a highly efficient manner. The gold‐catalyzed reaction usually gives the products in high yields and excellent selectivity. This procedure provides an easy and efficient access to dibenzocycloheptanoids, which are an interesting and unique class of natural products. This was underlined by the first total synthesis of reticuol.
Computational modeling of vibration‐induced systemic hydration of vocal folds over a range of phonation conditions
Authors: Bhattacharya Pinaki , Siegmund Thomas 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYPredicting phonation conditions that are benign to voice health remains a biomechanically relevant problem. Our objective is to provide insight into vocal fold (VF) hydration based on continuum‐based VF models that are able to compute VF stresses during phonation and a scheme for the extraction and generalization of such computational data based on the principle of linear superposition. Because VF tissue is poroelastic, spatial gradients of VF hydrostatic stresses computed for a given phonation condition determine VF interstitial fluid flow. The present approach transforms, based on linear superposition principles, the computed interstitial fluid velocities at the particular phonation to those at an arbitrary phonation condition. Intersititial fluid flow characteristics for a range of phonation conditions are compared. For phonation conditions with no or moderate collision, no dehydration per vibration cycle is predicted throughout the VF. For more severe collision conditions, tissue dehydration is restricted to a region close to the glottal surface. Interstitial fluid displacement in the VF is found to be heterogeneous and strongly dependent on the phonation condition. A phonation condition is found to exist for which dehydration peaks. The proposed method significantly expands the scope and relevance of conducting isolated numerical simulations of VF vibration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occurrence and Implications of Voltage Reversal in Stacked Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: An Junyeong , Lee Hyung‐Sool 
Published: April 2014

AbstractVoltage reversal in stacked microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is a significant challenge that must be addressed, and the information on its definite cause and occurrence process is still obscure. In this work, we first demonstrated that different anodic reaction rates caused voltage reversal in a stacked MFC. Sluggish reaction rates on the anode in unit 1 of the stacked MFC resulted in a significantly increased anode overpotential of up to 0.132 V, as compared to negligible anode overpotential (0.0247 V) in unit 2. This work clearly verified the process of voltage reversal in the stacked MFC. As the current was gradually increased in the stacked MFC, the voltage in the stacked unit 1 decreased to 0 V prior to that of the stacked unit 2. Then, when the voltage in unit 1 became 0 V, it was converted from a galvanic cell to an electrochemical cell powered by unit 2. We found that the stacked unit 2 provided electrical energy for the stacked unit 1 as a power supply. Finally, the anode potential of the stacked unit 1 significantly increased over cathode potential as current increased further, which caused voltage reversal in unit 1. Voltage reversal occurs in stacked MFCs as a result of non‐spontaneous anode overpotential in a unit MFC that has sluggish anode kinetics compared to the other unit MFCs.
Validation of microsatellite multiplexes for parentage analysis and species discrimination in two hybridizing species of coral reef fish (Plectropomus spp., Serranidae)
Authors: Harrison Hugo B. , Feldheim Kevin A. , Jones Geoffrey P. , Ma Kayan , Mansour Hicham , Perumal Sadhasivam , Williamson David H. , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMicrosatellites are often considered ideal markers to investigate ecological processes in animal populations. They are regularly used as genetic barcodes to identify species, individuals, and infer familial relationships. However, such applications are highly sensitive the number and diversity of microsatellite markers, which are also prone to error. Here, we propose a novel framework to assess the suitability of microsatellite datasets for parentage analysis and species discrimination in two closely related species of coral reef fish, Plectropomus leopardus and P. maculatus (Serranidae). Coral trout are important fisheries species throughout the Indo‐Pacific region and have been shown to hybridize in parts of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. We first describe the development of 25 microsatellite loci and their integration to three multiplex PCRs that co‐amplify in both species. Using simulations, we demonstrate that the complete suite of markers provides appropriate power to discriminate between species, detect hybrid individuals, and resolve parent–offspring relationships in natural populations, with over 99.6% accuracy in parent–offspring assignments. The markers were also tested on seven additional species within the Plectropomus genus with polymorphism in 28–96% of loci. The multiplex PCRs developed here provide a reliable and cost‐effective strategy to investigate evolutionary and ecological dynamics and will be broadly applicable in studies of wild populations and aquaculture brood stocks for these closely related fish species.
Comparing ecophysiological traits and evapotranspiration of an invasive exotic, Pinus halepensis in native woodland overlying a karst aquifer
Authors: Swaffer Brooke A. , Holland Kate L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractInvasion by exotic plant species into water‐limited environments has the potential to change the ecosystem water balance and may further exacerbate water scarcity issues. Here, we compared ecophysiological traits related to tree water use (sap flux, sapwood density, leaf and soil water potentials) and actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of the invasive Pinus halepensis to native tree and shrub species. We hypothesized that the invasive pine species would possess traits that are consistent with the potential to use more water than native species, which would be supported by higher ETa in areas invaded by pine. We found higher rates of sap flux for the invasive P. halepensis (5.5 cm h−1) per unit sapwood area compared with the native species (<3.5 cm h−1). In addition, P. halepensis sapwood was significantly less dense than the sapwood of the native species, suggesting higher sapwood conductivity facilitated the faster sap flux. Comparison of remotely sensed ETa before and after P. halepensis removal within a Eucalyptus camaldulensis stand demonstrated a reduction in ETa by an average of 50 (±11 SE) mm year−1 in the 2 years after removal, relative to the ETa from an undisturbed, intact E. camaldulensis stand. This study suggests that active management of this invasive species should reduce overall ETa losses and thereby exert a positive influence on the availability of soil moisture for groundwater recharge. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OX40 controls effector CD4+ T‐cell expansion, not follicular T helper cell generation in acute Listeria infection
Authors: Marriott Clare L. , Mackley Emma C. , Ferreira Cristina , Veldhoen Marc , Yagita Hideo , Withers David R. 
Published: April 2014

To investigate the importance of OX40 signals for physiological CD4+ T‐cell responses, an endogenous antigen‐specific population of CD4+ T cells that recognise the 2W1S peptide was assessed and temporal control of OX40 signals was achieved using blocking or agonistic antibodies (Abs) in vivo. Following infection with Listeria monocytogenes expressing 2W1S peptide, OX40 was briefly expressed by the responding 2W1S‐specific CD4+ T cells, but only on a subset that co‐expressed effector cell markers. This population was specifically expanded by Ab‐ligation of OX40 during priming, which also caused skewing of the memory response towards effector memory cells. Strikingly, this greatly enhanced effector response was accompanied by the loss of T follicular helper (TFH) cells and germinal centres. Mice deficient in OX40 and CD30 showed normal generation of TFH cells but impaired numbers of 2W1S‐specific effector cells. OX40 was not expressed by 2W1S‐specific memory cells, although it was rapidly up‐regulated upon challenge whereupon Ab‐ligation of OX40 specifically affected the effector subset. In summary, these data indicate that for CD4+ T cells, OX40 signals are important for generation of effector T cells rather than TFH cells in this response to acute bacterial infection.
Tiger nut oil (Cyperus esculentus L.): A review of its composition and physico‐chemical properties
Authors: Ezeh Onyinye , Gordon Michael H , Niranjan Keshavan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDespite its high nutritional value, tiger nut oil is hardly used in food industries compared to other vegetable oils such as olive and peanut oil. However, its benefits are increasingly being recognized, including its stability and similarity to olive oil in particular. This review discusses its composition, physico‐chemical properties and economic potential. Literature reveals that tiger nut oil shares a similar fatty acid profile with olive, avocado and hazelnut oil. Its low content of polyunsaturated fatty acid, tocopherol and phytosterol contributes to its high stability. When compared to soy bean oil, its phospholipids composition (3.1–5.4%) is higher. Its iodine and acid values reflect its quality at 76.60 and 0.03 mg KOH/g oil, respectively. Roasted tiger nut oil was found to contain vanillin and to a lesser extent 2, 3‐dihydro‐3, 5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one and 5‐ethylfurfural as key odorants contributing to the overall aroma of the oil. Its low viscosity makes it suitable for use in coating industry and as fuel. In‐depth studies on the oils' constituents are on‐going but efficient and environmentally friendly extraction techniques are needed. Based on the available data, tiger nut oil has been established as an oil of good nutritional value which may be exploited to the great benefit of growers, processors and dealers of the tuber.This review discusses the composition, physico‐chemical properties and economic potential of tiger nut oil.
Enzymeless Glucose Detection Based on CoO/Graphene Microsphere Hybrids
Authors: Ci Suqin , Mao Shun , Huang Taizhong , Wen Zhenhai , Steeber Douglas A. , Chen Junhong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn ultrasonic nebulizer‐based spray method was developed to fabricate microshpere hybrids of crumpled graphene (CG) loading cobalt oxide (CoO). The as‐prepared CoO/CG microsphere hybrids were used for constructing an enzymeless sensor for glucose detection in alkaline solution. The as‐developed enzymeless glucose sensor exhibited rapid response (less than 3 s), high sensitivity (669.78 µA mM−1 cm−2), wide detection range (0.83 µM–8.61 mM), good reproducibility and stability, and low detection limit (0.46 µM) (S/N=3). Moreover, the detection of glucose in human blood serum samples with the as‐developed sensor agreed well with the results obtained from commercial glucose meters.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, dechlorane plus, and polychlorinated biphenyls in tree bark near the upper Yellow River, China
Authors: He Chang , Jin Jun , Wang Ying , Ma Zhaohui , He Songjie , Li Mingyuan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Willow tree bark samples from urban and rural sites in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia Province, and Gansu Province, in the Yellow River basin, were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), dechlorane plus (DP), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) to compare their relative levels in air in these areas (i.e., treating bark as a passive air sampler). No difference was found between the pollutant concentrations in Salix matsudana and Salix babylonica bark samples. The mean concentrations of the total PBDEs, DP, and total DL-PCBs were 13 000 ± 6400, 46 ± 44, and 26 ± 17 pg/g dry weight, respectively, with urban samples containing much higher concentrations (19 000 ± 5700 pg/g, 51 ± 27 pg/g, and 37 ± 29 pg/g dry wt in PBDEs, DP, and DL-PCBs, respectively) than rural samples (10 000 ± 5200 pg/g, 45 ± 53 pg/g, 22 ± 9 pg/g dry wt). A strong positive correlation between PBDEs and DP was found in all of the samples (r = 0.712, p = 0.006), but correlations between PCBs and the other pollutants were only found in the rural samples. The total DL-PCB concentration in the tree bark correlated with population density. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1732–1738. © 2014 SETAC
Toxicity of biosolids-derived triclosan and triclocarban to six crop species
Authors: Prosser Ryan S. , Lissemore Linda , Solomon Keith R. , Sibley Paul K. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Biosolids are an important source of nutrients and organic matter, which are necessary for the productive cultivation of crop plants. Biosolids have been found to contain the personal care products triclosan and triclocarban at high concentrations relative to other pharmaceuticals and personal care products. The present study investigates whether exposure of 6 plant species (radish, carrot, soybean, lettuce, spring wheat, and corn) to triclosan or triclocarban derived from biosolids has an adverse effect on seed emergence and/or plant growth parameters. Plants were grown in soil amended with biosolids at a realistic agronomic rate. Biosolids were spiked with triclosan or triclocarban to produce increasing environmentally relevant exposures. The concentration of triclosan and triclocarban in biosolids-amended soil declined by up to 97% and 57%, respectively, over the course of the experiments. Amendment with biosolids had a positive effect on the majority of growth parameters in radish, carrot, soybean, lettuce, and wheat plants. No consistent triclosan- or triclocarban-dependent trends in seed emergence and plant growth parameters were observed in 5 of 6 plant species. A significant negative trend in shoot mass was observed for lettuce plants exposed to increasing concentrations of triclocarban (p &lt; 0.001). If best management practices are followed for biosolids amendment, triclosan and triclocarban pose a negligible risk to seed emergence and growth of crop plants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1840–1848. © 2014 SETAC
A compatibly differenced total energy conserving form of SPH
Authors: Michael Owen J. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYWe describe a modified form of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) in which the specific thermal energy equation is based on a compatibly differenced formalism, guaranteeing exact conservation of the total energy. We compare the errors and convergence rates of the standard and compatible SPH formalisms on a variety of shock test problems with analytic answers. We find that the new compatible formalism reliably achieves the expected first‐order convergence for these analytic shock tests and, in all cases, improves the accuracy of the numerical solution over the standard formalism. We also examine the performance of our new formalism on a more complicated applied problem: the diversion of an asteroid by a kinetic impactor. We find the compatible discretization demonstrates measurable improvement in the convergence of properties such as the deflection velocity in this kind of applied problem as well. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power and trust in organizational relations: an empirical study in Turkish public hospitals
Authors: Bozaykut Tuba , Gurbuz F. Gulruh 
Published: April 2014

SummaryGiven the salience of the interplay between trust and power relations in organizational settings, this paper examines the perceptions of social power and its effects on trust in supervisors within the context of public hospitals. Following the theoretical background from which the study model is developed, the recent situation of hospitals within Turkish healthcare system is discussed to further elucidate the working conditions of physicians. Sample data were collected employing a structured questionnaire that was distributed to physicians working at seven different public hospitals. The statistical analyses indicate that perceptions of supervisors' social power affect subordinates' trust in supervisors. Although coercive power is found to have the greatest impact on trust in supervisors, the influence of the power base is weak. In addition, the results show that perceptions of social power differ between genders. However, the results do not support any of the hypotheses regarding the relations between trust in supervisors and the examined demographic variables. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of reclamation cover depth on the performance of reclaimed shale overburden at an oil sands mine in Northern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Huang Mingbin , Barbour S. Lee , Carey Sean K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMultilayer covers are widely accepted reclamation designs in the oil sands region of northern Alberta, Canada, with an ultimate goal of revegetating to species characteristic of predisturbance native plant communities. To determine the optimal depth of reclamation material required to reclaim overburden shale from an oil sands mine, an evaluation was made of the long‐term performance of six reclamation soil cover depths all placed over overburden. The measured soil water contents from different cover thicknesses at South Bison Hills located at the Syncrude Mine site north of Fort McMurray, Alberta, were used to calibrate and validate a dual‐porosity model in HYDRUS‐1D. The calibrated and validated model was then used to evaluate the influence of cover thickness and climatic variability on plant available water for forest growth. The frequency distributions of actual transpiration (Tr) for six cover treatments with a range of leaf area index (LAI) cases were developed. These Tr frequency distributions were then modified by coupling Tr and LAI. The modified frequency distributions for annual Tr for the six simulated cover thickness highlight the strong nonlinearity between the distributions of Tr over a long‐term (60 years) climate cycle in that incremental increases in cover thickness do not produce proportional increases in Tr. The results indicated that, once the cover thickness exceeds 100 cm, there is little incremental increase in the median value of Tr over the 60‐year climate cycle. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled release of BMP‐2 using a heparin‐conjugated carrier system reduces in vivo adipose tissue formation
Authors: Lee Jung‐Seok , Lee Sun‐Kyoung , Kim Byung‐Soo , Im Gun‐Il , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Kim Chang‐Sung 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThere is growing concern about unwanted effects associated with the clinical use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) at high concentrations, including cyst‐like bone formation and excessive fatty marrow formation. We, therefore, evaluated the induction of mineralized/adipose tissue formation and the bone‐healing pattern associated with the controlled release of E. coli‐derived rhBMP‐2 (ErhBMP‐2) by a heparin‐conjugated fibrin (HCF) system using ectopic and orthotopic in vivo models, respectively. In the ectopic transplantation model, mineralized tissue formed at the most superficial layer of the transplanted area and on the surfaces of grafted materials, and most of the interstitial space within the transplanted area was filled with excessive adipose tissue specifically at sites that received ErhBMP‐2. However, sites that received ErhBMP‐2 and HCF showed significantly increased mineralized tissue formation and decreased adipose tissue formation compared to the normal fibrin system with ErhBMP‐2. In the orthotopic (calvarial defect) model, controlled release of ErhBMP‐2 induced by HCF significantly reduced adipose tissue formation within the defect area compared to the clinically approved absorbable collagen sponge. From these results, it can be concluded that the use of a HCF system loaded with ErhBMP‐2 may reduce adipose tissue formation and enhance mineralized tissue formation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 545–554, 2015.
Crosslinked fibrin gels for tissue engineering: Two approaches to improve their properties
Authors: Gamboa‐Martínez Tatiana C. , Luque‐Guillén Victoria , González‐García Cristina , Gómez Ribelles José Luis , Gallego‐Ferrer Gloria 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFibrin is a protein that can be used as an ideal scaffolding material to promote tissue regeneration. In order to enhance its physical properties in this study a natural crosslinker, genipin (GP), was employed with the aim to obtain a hydrogel with tuneable properties for tissue engineering applications. The fibrin gel was crosslinked by two different methods using four concentrations of GP to get a stable hydrogel network. Crosslinking density, mechanical properties, swelling, and enzymatic degradation of the hydrogels were tested for each GP content and method employed. The method I: Crosslinking after gel formation promotes a high crosslinking and retains the gel shape for long term whilst the method II: Simultaneous gel formation and crosslinking improves the mechanical properties of the gel. This study confirms the use of GP at different concentrations as a suitable crosslinker of fibrin that promotes the cellular viability of L929 for 21 days of in vitro culture. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 614–621, 2015.