bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Automated Free Flap Monitoring System Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kim Jisu , Lee Sang Mee , Kim Da Eun , Kim Sungjin , Chung Myung Jin , Kim Zero , Kim Taeyoung , Lee Kyeong-Tae 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceMeticulous postoperative flap monitoring is essential for preventing flap failure and achieving optimal results in free flap operations, for which physical examination has remained the criterion standard. Despite the high reliability of physical examination, the requirement of excessive use of clinician time has been considered a main drawback.ObjectiveTo develop an automated free flap monitoring system using artificial intelligence (AI), minimizing human involvement while maintaining efficiency.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this prognostic study, the designed system involves a smartphone camera installed in a location with optimal flap visibility to capture photographs at regular intervals. The automated program identifies the flap area, checks for notable abnormalities in its appearance, and notifies medical staff if abnormalities are detected. Implementation requires 2 AI-based models: a segmentation model for automatic flap recognition in photographs and a grading model for evaluating the perfusion status of the identified flap. To develop this system, flap photographs captured for monitoring were collected from patients who underwent free flap–based reconstruction from March 1, 2020, to August 31, 2023. After the 2 models were developed, they were integrated to construct the system, which was applied in a clinical setting in November 2023.ExposureConducting the developed automated AI-based flap monitoring system.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAccuracy of the developed models and feasibility of clinical application of the system.ResultsPhotographs were obtained from 305 patients (median age, 62 years [range, 8-86 years]; 178 [58.4%] were male). Based on 2068 photographs, the FS-net program (a customized model) was developed for flap segmentation, demonstrating a mean (SD) Dice similarity coefficient of 0.970 (0.001) with 5-fold cross-validation. For the flap grading system, 11 112 photographs from the 305 patients were used, encompassing 10 115 photographs with normal features and 997 with abnormal features. Tested on 5506 photographs, the DenseNet121 model demonstrated the highest performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.960 (95% CI, 0.951-0.969). The sensitivity for detecting venous insufficiency was 97.5% and for arterial insufficiency was 92.8%. When applied to 10 patients, the system successfully conducted 143 automated monitoring sessions without significant issues.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that a novel automated system may enable efficient flap monitoring with minimal use of clinician time. It may be anticipated to serve as an effective surveillance tool for postoperative free flap monitoring. Further studies are required to verify its reliability.
Cortical atrophy patterns in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease
Authors: Schneider Ruth , Kogel Ann‐Kathrin , Ladopoulos Theodoros , Siems Nadine , Krieger Britta , Bellenberg Barbara , Gold Ralf , Ayzenberg Ilya , Lukas Carsten 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesGlobal brain volume changes in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease compared with healthy controls (HC) could be revealed by magnetic resonance imaging, but specific atrophy patterns of cortical structures and relation to cognitive impairment are not yet comprehensively known. Thus, we aimed to investigate cortical thickness differences in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease compared with HC.Methods3‐Tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 23 patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease and 49 HC for voxel‐wise group comparisons and neuropsychological testing in patients. Surface‐based morphometry with region of interest‐based surface analysis and region of interest‐based extraction of cortical thickness was performed in patients compared with HC and in patient subgroups with and without cognitive impairment.ResultsComparing patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease with HC, exploratory surface‐based morphometry demonstrated cortical volume reduction in pericalcarine and lingual cortical regions. Region of interest‐based surface analysis specified reduced cortical thickness in the adjacent pericalcarine and orbitofrontal regions in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease, as well as reduced temporal cortical thickness in patients with cognitive impairment (n = 10). Patients without cognitive impairment (n = 13) showed only circumscribed cortical brain volume loss compared with HC in the pericalcarine region.InterpretationIn conclusion, cortical atrophy in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease was characterized by cortical thickness reduction in the adjacent pericalcarine and orbitofrontal regions, with a tendency of temporal thickness reduction in cognitively impaired patients.
Quasi‐2D Phonon Transport in Diamond Nanosheet
Authors: Zhu Yunting , Ye Tian , Wen Hailang , Xu Rongbin , Zhong Yi , Lin Guangyang , Liang Dongxue , Cai Weiwei , Yu Daquan , Lin Weiyi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNanomaterial phonon transport is crucial for miniaturized devices and superior thermophysical properties in condensed matter physics. Diamond nanosheets, applicable in nanoelectronics/optoelectronics, offer availability to explore dimensionality's impact on phonon transport. Raman spectroscopy is used to study the thermal conductivity (κ) of diamond nanosheets with a thickness below 100 nm. Results show a law above 140 K, highlighting Umklapp phonon scattering. Despite the reduced thickness, κ (1100‐2000 W/mK) remains higher than metals and most semiconductors, showcasing diamonds' remarkable in‐plane heat transfer. Intriguingly, the research uncovers unique length‐dependent behavior , consistent with graphene, the two‐dimensional (2D) allotrope. This research offers insights into thermal transport in quasi‐2D nanosheets, with significant implications for nanoscale heat management and highly efficient thermal devices.
Regulation of High‐Index Crystal Facets with Laser‐Induced Periodic Surface Structures on CoFe2O4 Epitaxial Films for Ethanol Gas Sensing
Authors: Fan Lisha , Xue Xianqiang , Wu Ling , Zhang Shuowen , Zhao Tianzhen , Wang Tingbin , Qian Haoyu , Xie Bo , Tofil Szymon , Yao Jianhua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractControl of exposed crystal facets in nanostructures is scientifically important, but technically challenging due to the inherent difficulty in manipulating surface energy of crystals. Here, laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) induced by femtosecond laser is applied to produce periodic subwavelength 1D nanostructures with high index crystal facets on epitaxial CoFe2O4 surfaces, providing an efficient, maskless, cost‐effective “top‐down” method for nanostructure fabrication. Homogenous 1D LIPSSs (1D‐LIPSSs) with a period of 131 ± 15 nm and a depth of 90 ± 5 nm are obtained. The orientation of LIPSS nanostructures is finely controlled by tuning the polarization of fs laser beam, therefore flexibly producing 1D‐LIPSSs along various crystallographic orientations. Gas sensing performance evaluation shows that the fabrication of 1D‐LIPSSs on CoFe2O4 enlarges its surface area and contributes to enhanced gas sensing response. Compared to CoFe2O4 with LIPSSs faceted along {100} orientation, CoFe2O4 with LIPSSs faceted along high‐index {110} facets exhibits further improved gas sensing performance, suggesting the critical role of high‐index crystal facets in promoting surface reactivity and sensing sensitivity. The development of a laser‐based nanostructure fabrication route with high controllability of exposed crystal facets provides a novel solution for high‐density film‐based gas sensing applications.
Monomicelle‐Directed Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Zhang Zhenghao , Zhai Yunpu , Zhao Dongyuan , Li Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMesoporous carbon materials have attracted much attention in a wide range of applications due to their fascinating properties, including high surface areas, large pore sizes, good conductivity, and easy functionalization. In this review, the synthesis of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials via the monomicelle‐directed assembly route, where mechanisms and determining factors are highlighted in detail is first summarized. Following the rational functionalization and pore engineering, the applications of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials in energy conversion and storage devices are discussed. Finally, the extant challenges are pointed out and a brief outlook on both synthesis and applications of advanced mesoporous carbon nanomaterials is also discussed.
Rationalizing the Amplified Spontaneous Emission Mechanism in CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals Films by means of Optical Gain Measurements
Authors: Milanese Stefania , De Giorgi Maria Luisa , Anni Marco , Bodnarchuk Maryna I. , Cerdán Luis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith their exceptional optoelectronic properties, CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are promising materials for light‐emitting devices. Elucidating their stimulated emission mechanisms is fundamental to grasp the limitations hindering their use as electrically pumped lasers. In particular, two questions remain open: why the Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) band is significantly shifted from the fluorescence one, and why the former seems to suddenly emerge from, and coexist with, the latter. Here, these questions are addressed through experimental ASE measurements, combined with numerical simulations and a comprehensive assessment of the performance of different analytical expressions used in the literature to retrieve the optical gain from these experiments. This multi‐facet study shows that the ASE behavior in CsPbBr3 NCs thin films stems from four distinctive processes: reabsorption due to a large overlap between the absorption and fluorescence spectra, a strong contribution of excited state absorption within the fluorescence window, the excitation of differently polarized waveguide modes, and the coexistence of short‐ and long‐lived localized excitons. The results in this work delineate the best practices to analyze the optical gain in perovskite samples, help to understand their ASE mechanisms, and provide insights to boost their lasing efficiency.
Aldehyde‐Mediated Open‐Air Stereoselective β‐Glycosylation of Glycals: An Expeditious Route towards Glycosyl‐Ester Synthesis
Authors: Maheshwari Mittali , Hussain Nazar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study introduces a method for achieving a selective synthesis of β‐glycosyl esters through the reaction of glycals with carboxylic acids. This process is characterized by stereoselectivity, operating under mild reaction conditions and in an open‐air environment mediated by an aldehyde. Detailed investigations and control experiments indicate the significance of benzaldehyde in conjunction with atmospheric air in facilitating this transformation. The method's versatility is evident in its broad substrate scope, accommodating various carboxylic acid derivatives with electron‐releasing and electron‐neutral functional groups. The practical applicability of the protocol is demonstrated by successfully esterifying different drugs, including indomethacin, tolmetin, and stearic acid, resulting in the production of novel compounds with excellent yields. Mechanistic studies, supported by controlled experiments, highlight the formation of glycal epoxide as an intermediate in the reactions.
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent‐Assisted Construction of Silk Nanofibrils/Boron Nitride Nanosheets Membranes with Enhanced Heat‐Dissipating Efficiency
Authors: Wang Yang , Yang Zhaohui , Jia Bingzheng , Chen Lan , Yan Chuanyu , Peng Feng , Mu Tiancheng , Xue Zhimin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNatural polymer‐derived nanofibrils have gained significant interest in diverse fields. However, production of bio‐nanofibrils with the hierarchical structures such as fibrillar structures and crystalline features remains a great challenge. Herein, an all‐natural strategy for simple, green, and scalable top‐down exfoliation silk nanofibrils (SNFs) in novel renewable deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed by amino acids and D‐sorbitol is innovatively developed. The DES‐exfoliated SNFs with a controllable fibrillar structures and intact crystalline features, novelty preserving the hierarchical structure of natural silk fibers. Owing to the amphiphilic nature, the DES‐exfoliated SNFs show excellent capacity of assisting the exfoliation of several 2D‐layered materials, i.e., h‐BN, MoS2, and WS2. More importantly, the SNFs‐assisted dispersion of BNNSs with a concentration of 59.3% can be employed to construct SNFs/BNNSs nanocomposite membranes with excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 416.7 MPa, tensile modulus of 3.86 GPa and toughness of 1295.4 KJ·m−3) and thermal conductivity (in‐plane thermal conductivity coefficient of 3.84 W·m−1·K−1), enabling it to possess superior cooling efficiency compared with the commercial silicone pad.
Programmable Bacteria with Dynamic Virulence Modulation System for Precision Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Wu Leyang , Li Lin , Qiao Liyuan , Li Chenyang , Zhang Shuhui , Yin Xingpeng , Du Zengzheng , Sun Ying , Qiu Jiahui , Chang Xiaoyao , Wang Bohao , Hua Zichun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEngineered bacteria‐mediated antitumor approaches have been proposed as promising immunotherapies for cancer. However, the off‐target bacterial toxicity narrows the therapeutic window. Living microbes will benefit from their controllable immunogenicity within tumors for safer antitumor applications. In this study, a genetically encoded microbial activation strategy is reported that uses tunable and dynamic expression of surface extracellular polysaccharides to improve bacterial biocompatibility while retaining therapeutic efficacy. Based on screening of genes associated with Salmonella survival in macrophages, a novel attenuated Salmonella chassis strain AIS (htrA gene‐deficient) highly enriched in tumors after administration and rapidly cleared from normal organs are reported. Subsequently, an engineered bacterial strain, AISI‐H, is constructed based on the AIS strain and an optimized quorum‐sensing regulatory system. The AISI‐H strain can achieve recovery of dynamic tumor‐specific bacterial virulence through a novel HTRA‐RCSA axis‐based and quorum‐sensing synthetic gene circuit‐mediated increase in extracellular polysaccharide content. These strains act “off” in normal organs to avoid unwanted immune activation and “on” in tumors for precise tumor suppression in mice. The AISI‐H strain shows significant tumor inhibition and potent activation of anticancer immunity in a melanoma mouse model. The AISI‐H strain exhibits excellent biocompatibility. This bacterial regulation strategy expands the applications of microbe‐based antitumor therapeutics.
Investigating tradeoffs in perennial ryegrass turfgrass performance and seed yield capacity in the US Midwest
Authors: Heineck Garett C. , Ehlke Nancy J. , Watkins Eric 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the trade‐offs between improving turfgrass performance and seed production capacity would improve acceptance and accelerate the release of new perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars. An experiment was designed to measure the turfgrass quality, seed yield, and component traits among 20 perennial ryegrass entries grown in turfgrass and seed production swards at two locations in Minnesota, a seed production region of the United States. Turfgrass quality scores, when averaged across collection dates, were not strongly correlated with seed yield at either location. However, data from several individual turfgrass quality rating dates were moderately correlated with seed yield at both locations (p < 0.100). Within the dates that correlated with seed yield, turfgrass component traits were regressed against quality scores. Crown rust severity, color, and density were important in the first year, and winter injury and texture were important in the second year. Plots with more fertile tillers were associated with higher seed yield and lower turfgrass quality (p < 0.050), but there was no relationship between entries in the two growing environments for fertile tiller production (p > 0.250). Entries that exhibited a faster vertical growth rate in turfgrass swards tended to mature earlier in seed plots, a trait that was correlated with higher seed yield (p < 0.001). However, the vertical turfgrass growth rate was not directly correlated with seed yield (p > 0.800). Few tradeoffs between the growing environments were found under the growing conditions and germplasm employed.
Crop type classification, trends, and patterns of central California agricultural fields from 2005 to 2020
Authors: Smith Britt W. , Soulard Christopher E. , Walker Jessica J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCalifornia produces many key agricultural products in the United States. Current geospatial agricultural datasets are limited in mapping accuracy, spatial context, or observation period. This study uses machine learning and high‐resolution imagery to produce a time series of crop maps to assess crop type trends and patterns across central California from 2005 to 2020. National Agriculture Imagery Program and Landsat imagery were used to classify nine crop types that are common in the study region: grain crops, field crops, rice, citrus and subtropical, deciduous fruit and nut, vineyard, berry and vegetable, pasture, and fallow/young perennial crop types. To create labeled data, we sampled 1253 fields and manually identified crop types for each examined year using high‐resolution imagery and Landsat normalized difference vegetation index time series. We applied a random forest machine learning algorithm in Google Earth Engine. Results show that the mean overall classification accuracy of the nine‐class map was 93.1%, with individual accuracies ranging from 99.3% (rice) to 89.5% (fallow/young perennial). Mann–Kendall trend tests showed significant (p < 0.05) declines in field crop and pasture area during the study period, while deciduous fruit and nut, citrus and subtropical, and fallow/young perennial crop types experienced significant increases. At an aggregate level, there was a general shift from annual crop types to perennial crop types. These data provide a 16‐year time span of spatially explicit crop type classifications, trends, and patterns in central California that can be used to aid managers and decision makers for resource planning or hazard mitigation.
Prenatal molecular diagnosis of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency enables rapid initiation of ketogenic diet
Authors: Bowen Aaron B. , Rapalino Otto , Jaimes Camilo , Ratai Eva‐Maria , Zhong Yingyi , Thiele Elizabeth A. , Kritzer Amy , Ganetzky Rebecca D. , Gold Nina B. , Walker Melissa A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDCD) is a mitochondrial disorder of carbohydrate oxidation characterized by lactic acidosis and central nervous system involvement. Knowledge of the affected metabolic pathways and clinical observations suggest that early initiation of the ketogenic diet may ameliorate the metabolic and neurologic course of the disease. We present a case in which first trimester ultrasound identified structural brain abnormalities prompting a prenatal molecular diagnosis of PDCD. Ketogenic diet, thiamine, and N‐acetylcysteine were initiated in the perinatal period with good response, including sustained developmental progress. This case highlights the importance of a robust neurometabolic differential diagnosis for prenatally diagnosed structural anomalies and the use of prenatal molecular testing to facilitate rapid, genetically tailored intervention.
Technical note: Prediction of body mass from stature and pelvic breadth
Authors: Ruff Christopher B. , Wallace Ian J. , Abeyta‐Brown Amaya , Butler Madison , Busby Taylor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEquations for predicting body mass from stature and bi‐iliac (maximum pelvic) breadth have been developed, but have had variable success when applied to living or recently deceased individuals, calling into question their general applicability. Here we test these equations on a large, ethnically diverse sample. Skeletal and anthropometric data for 507 recently deceased Indigenous, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic White adults were obtained from the New Mexico Decedent Image Database. The body mass of individuals with a “normal” body mass index (BMI = 18.5–24.9) is very accurately predicted, with an average directional bias of about 1% and an average random error of less than 8%. Underweight individuals (BMI < 18.5) are overpredicted, while overweight (BMI = 25–29.9) and especially obese (BMI≥30) individuals are underpredicted. Within BMI categories, there is a strong and isometric relationship between predicted and true body mass. Individual body mass prediction errors using the stature/bi‐iliac method are mainly dependent on variation in BMI. Because earlier humans were more likely to fall within or close to the normal BMI range, the equations should be applicable, on an individual basis, in archeological and paleontological contexts. Because of the prevalence of obesity in many modern populations, these equations are not applicable in a general forensic context. We derive new equations from nonobese individuals in our sample (n = 338), which produce reasonable average prediction errors. If obese individuals can be identified using other skeletal parameters, these equations may be useful in estimating body mass in nonobese forensic cases.
Hybrid Local and Charge‐Transfer Material with Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence for Efficient Organic Afterglow Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cui Dongyue , Zhang Longyan , Zhang Jingyu , Li Wenjing , Chen Jie , Guo Zhenli , Sun Chengxi , Wang Yike , Wang Wenjun , Li Shuhong , Huang Wei , Zheng Chao , Chen Runfeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOrganic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (OURTP) materials capable of combining various emission behaviors for diversified optoelectronic properties and applications have recently gained a vigorous development, but it remains a forbidden challenge in designing OURTP molecules with hybrid local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) feature, possibly due to the elevated difficulties in simultaneously meeting the stringent requirements of both HLCT and OURTP emitters. Here, through introducing multiple heteroatoms into one‐dimensional fused ring of coumarin with moderate charge transfer perturbation in donor‐π‐acceptor architecture, we demonstrate a HLCT‐featured OURTP molecule showing both promoted fluorescence with a quantum yield of 77 % in solution and long‐lived OURTP with a lifetime of 251 ms in conventional host material used in electroluminescent device. Thus, efficient OURTP organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated, exhibiting bright electroluminescence with an exciton utilization efficiency of 85 % and yellow OURTP lasting over 2 s for afterglow. Impressively, the HLCT OURTP‐OLEDs can be further optimized to reach an unprecedented total external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ~12 % and OURTP EQE up to 3.11 %, representing the highest performance among the reported OURTP‐OLEDs. These impressive results highlight the significance to fuse HLCT and OURTP together in enriching OURTP materials and improving the afterglow OLED performances.