bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current and Evolving Approaches to Individualizing Estrogen Receptor-Based Therapy for Menopausal Women
Authors: Santen Richard J. , Kagan Risa , Altomare Corrado J. , Komm Barry , Mirkin Sebastian , Taylor Hugh S. 
Published: January 2014

Context:Adding progestogens to estrogens changes the risk profile of hormonal therapy for menopausal women, and recent data support the need for progestogen-free options. Several current and evolving approaches to managing estrogen deficiency allow for progestogen omission. We review the mechanisms of estrogen activity and provide an overview of emerging and available estrogen receptor (ER)–based therapies.Evidence Acquisition:PubMed was searched for relevant English-language articles using keywords pertaining to estrogen deficiency, menopause, hormone therapy, and estrogen-only therapy. Pivotal or recent randomized controlled trials, large observational studies, comprehensive meta-analyses, and established therapeutic guidelines were compiled.Evidence Synthesis:Advances in our understanding of ER pharmacology have led to therapies designed to optimize ER activity, including selective ER modulators (SERMs) and tissue-selective estrogen complexes (TSECs). Each estrogen, SERM, and TSEC exhibits a unique profile of tissue-specific activity, spanning the spectrum from ER agonism to antagonism. Systemic estrogens unopposed by progestogens effectively manage menopausal symptoms in hysterectomized postmenopausal women but require progestogen use in postmenopausal women with a uterus. SERMs are effective for managing certain aspects of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women, but data suggest that pairing a SERM with estrogens to form a TSEC provides a more optimal therapeutic profile for women with a uterus.Conclusions:Treating signs and symptoms of estrogen deficiency requires an individualized approach based on a woman's goals and the purported risks of different therapies. New and emerging agents have demonstrated efficacy in postmenopausal women with a uterus, while allowing these women to avoid progestogens and their possible adverse effects.
Propagation of the Change in Membrane Potential Owing to the Circulating Current within a Membrane System in Analogy with Neurotransmission
Authors: Kushida Yuki , Shirai Osamu , Kitazumi Yuki , Kano Kenji 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The propagation of the change in membrane potential between two aqueous phases across two parallel membranes from the sending site to the receiving site was elucidated. The potential differences at every interface are controlled by the ion transfers and the circulating current flowed to keep the electroneutrality of every phase.
Reviews
Authors: Stimson Blake , Wikström Josefine , Paul Richard 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Anywhere or Not at All: Philosophy of Contemporary Art, Peter Osborne (2013) London: Verso, 288 pages, ISBN 9781781680940, p/bk, £19.95.
On the performativization of action: Discussions around politics and aesthetics in non-governmental activism
Sensible Politics: The Visual Culture of Nongovernmental Activism, Meg McLagan and Yates McKee (eds) (2012) 1st ed., New York: Zone Books, 662 pp., ISBN 978-1935408246, h/bk, £25.95.
Ian Wallace: At the Intersection of Painting and Photography (2013) Vancouver Art Gallery/Black Dog Publishing, Vancouver & London, pp. 352, 1907317570, hb, £28.45.
Lyotard, art, seeing
Authors: Mapp Nigel 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This araticle examines elements of Jean-François Lyotard’s paradoxical negotiations with aesthetic experiences in order to characterize his critical involvement with discursivized forms of knowing and explanation. These elements are offered as salient and salutary correctives to the symmetrical dogmas of disenchanting naturalisms and culturalisms currently programming typical misprisions of the aesthetic. Lyotard’s 1971 Discourse, Figure, as well as some of his later writings on visual art and artists, are not interpretatively integrated here but instead explored in terms of an anti-discursive logic that actually animates what appear to be their own anti-aesthetic commitments and conclusions. The article tracks the ambivalent, but persistent, role that perception, art-medium and sensate experience play in Lyotard’s efforts to see beyond them. This result impacts not only on the kinds of ‘demystification’ his work should be seen to espouse, but on that pervasive pseudo-category itself.
Simulation of CO Preferential Oxidation (COPrOx) Monolithic Reactors
Authors: Jeifetz Leandro G. , Giunta Pablo Daniel , Mariño Fernando J. , Amadeo Norma E. , Laborde Miguel Á. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this work, a COPrOx monolithic reactor with a CuO/CeO2/Al2O3catalytic washcoat was modelled to purify a H2stream for a 2 kW PEM fuel cell. Preliminary simulations included isothermal monoliths operating between 423 and 463 K, and the optimization of linear axial temperature profiles. For a fixed total system size and a desired CO outlet molar fraction lower than 20 ppm, an isothermal temperature profile maximized the global selectivity towards CO oxidation. Then, different schemes of adiabatic monoliths with interstage cooling were modelled and evaluated. It was found that wide operating temperature ranges lower the necessary number of stages, but decrease the global selectivity and rise system sensitivity to inlet temperatures. A 1D heterogeneous model was used to simulate the monoliths.
The effect of whole-body, repetitive, inhomogeneous static magnetic field-exposure on the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice
Authors: László János F. , Solténszky Judit , Pórszász Róbert , Kónya Attila 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model for human multiple sclerosis (MS) in rodents. Static magnetic field (SMF)-exposure was shown to be beneficial in specific cases of inflammatory background, where it suppresses symptoms. The null-hypothesis was that animals with induced EAE exposed to SMF would show different seriousness of symptoms, than those in the sham-exposed control group. Three replicated series of repetitive, 30 min/day whole-body exposure to SMF with 477 mT peak-to-peak magnetic induction and 48 T/m lateral induction gradient was tested on female CSJLF1 mice with a mild, mouse spinal cord homogenate emulsion-induced EAE. Conventional scores of the animal response to EAE were compared between sham- and SMF-exposed groups of animals. Following pilot test we used 18 animals per group. Primary outcome measure was the daily group average of standard EAE scores. Results show that SMF-exposure has a strong, reproducible, and significantly beneficial effect up to 51.82% (p<0.001) over sham-exposure on the symptoms of EAE in the course of the 25 days of the experiment. This study aimed to build experimental research foundation for a later therapy option by applying SMF-exposure in the clinical management of MS.
The distribution of quadratic residues and non-residues in the Goldwasser–Micali type of cryptosystem
Authors: Justus Benjamin 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.
We provide unconditional results and conditional ones under the assumption of GRH (Generalized Riemann Hypothesis) on the distribution of quadratic residues and quadratic non-residues in

ℤ
/
N
ℤ

$\mathbb {Z}/N\mathbb {Z}$

, where

N
=
p
q

$N= pq$

is an RSA modulus used in the Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem. The paper also discusses cryptographic implications of the results obtained.
Disparities in Age-Appropriate Child Passenger Restraint Use Among Children Aged 1 to 12 Years
Authors: Macy Michelle L. , Cunningham Rebecca M. , Resnicow Ken , Freed Gary L. 
Published: January 2014

OBJECTIVE:
Observed racial disparities in child safety seat use have not accounted for socioeconomic factors. We hypothesized that racial differences in age-appropriate restraint use would be modified by socioeconomic status and child passenger safety information sources.

METHODS:
A 2-site, cross-sectional tablet-based survey of parents seeking emergency care for their 1- to 12-year-old child was conducted between October 2011 and May 2012. Parents provided self-report of child passenger safety practices, demographic characteristics, and information sources. Direct observation of restraint use was conducted in a subset of children at emergency department discharge. Age-appropriate restraint use was defined by Michigan law.

RESULTS:
Of the 744 eligible parents, 669 agreed to participate and 601 provided complete responses to key variables. White parents reported higher use of car seats for 1- to 3-year-olds and booster seats for 4- to 7-year-olds compared with nonwhite parents. Regardless of race, &lt;30% of 8- to 12-year-old children who were ≤4 feet, 9 inches tall used a booster seat. White parents had higher adjusted odds (3.86, 95% confidence interval 2.27–6.57) of reporting age-appropriate restraint use compared with nonwhite parents, controlling for education, income, information sources, and site. There was substantial agreement (82.6%, κ = 0.74) between parent report of their child’s usual restraint and the observed restraint at emergency department discharge.

CONCLUSIONS:
Efforts should be directed at eliminating racial disparities in age-appropriate child passenger restraint use for children &lt;8 years. Booster seat use, seat belt use, and rear seating represent opportunities to improve child passenger safety practices among older children.
Shoulder Injuries Among US High School Athletes, 2005/2006–2011/2012
Authors: Robinson T. Walker , Corlette Jill , Collins Christy L. , Comstock R. Dawn 
Published: January 2014

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to describe shoulder injuries in a nationally representative sample of high school athletes playing 9 sports. A national estimate of shoulder injuries among high school athletes was subsequently calculated.

METHODS:
Injury data were collected in 9 sports (boys’ football, soccer, basketball, wrestling, and baseball; girls’ soccer, volleyball, basketball, and softball) during the 2005–2006 through 2011–2012 academic years from a nationally representative sample of high schools via High School Reporting Information Online.

RESULTS:
During the 2005–2006 through 2011–2012 academic years, high school athletes in this study sustained 2798 shoulder injuries during 13 002 321 athlete exposures, for an injury rate of 2.15 per 10 000 athlete exposures. This corresponds to a nationally estimated 820 691 injuries during this time period. Rates of injury were higher in competition as compared with practice (rate ratio = 3.17 [95% confidence interval: 2.94–3.41]). The highest rate of injury was in football (4.86) and the lowest in girls’ soccer (0.42). The most common types of injury were strain/sprain (37.9%) and dislocation/separation (29.2%). Boys were more likely than girls to sustain their injuries after contact with another person or with the playing surface. Surgical repair was required for 7.9% of the injuries. Time loss from athletic participation varied among sports, with 40.7% of athletes returning within 1 week, whereas 8.2% were medically disqualified for their season/career.

CONCLUSIONS:
High school shoulder injury rates and patterns varied by sport and gender. Prospective epidemiologic surveillance is warranted to discern trends and patterns to develop evidence-based interventions to prevent shoulder injuries.
CeO2 Particles for Chemical Mechanical Planarization
Authors: Feng Xiandong , Her Yie-Shein. , Linda. W. , Davis Jackie , Oswald Eric , Lu Jin , Bryg Vicky , Freeman Sara , Gnizak Dave 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNano-sized cerium oxide particles in the size range of 5 to 500nm have been synthesized for use in chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) applications. The CeO2 particles were prepared using cerium nitrate salts with bases such as ammonium water, ethylamine, or other alkylamine /polyalkylamine compounds. Other additives such as urea can be added to affect crystallization and size growth of the final particles. The particle sizes of the resulting CeO2 particles depend on the initial concentrations of cerium salts, additive concentration, and solution pH. Reaction duration seems to have little effect on CeO2 particle sizes. Temperature effects on size were moderate. These CeO2 particles showed excellent surface quality and desirable polishing rate during CMP tests.
Forkhead transcription factor complex with special focus on Foxp3, Foxn1, and Foxj1 genes determining immunological parameters - a review
Authors: Wojtaszczyk Paweł , Kostro Krzysztof , Niemczuk Krzysztof , Lisiecka Urszula , Stojecki Krzysztof , Żmuda Andrzej 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The Forkhead genes (transcription complex Fox) play many important roles in the maintenance and determination of biological processes underlying carbon-based life. The expression of Fox genes occurring as a result of reciprocal interactions at the transcriptional level influences the correct function of the immune system as regards the context of general activity of immunological parameters, as well as exposure to aetiological agents. In the case of model organisms and species, in which the knowledge about genomic sequences is incomplete, understanding the above-mentioned transcriptional complex is still insufficient, despite the existence of numerous scientific publications. It is worth noting that Fox genes exist in amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum and in the majority of species they were not characterised. Among many coding sequences included in the transcriptional complex Forkhead, Foxp3, Foxn1, and Foxj1 genes are of a great importance from immunological point of view, being partially jointly responsible for determining features related to productivity. The paper provides general characterisation of selected Fox genes and is an introduction to the presentation of new data, which can be applied at the level of biological differentiation of the populations of domestic and wild animals.
Shedding course of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine parainfluenza 3 virus in calves vaccinated intranasally
Authors: Socha Wojciech , Rola Jerzy , Bednarek Dariusz , Urban-Chmiel Renata , Żmudziński Jan F. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Shedding time of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV3) in calves vaccinated intranasally with modified live Rispoval RS-PI3 vaccine was determined. Blood and nasal swabs were collected on selected days before and after vaccination. Antibodies against BRSV and BPIV3 were tested by Respiratory ELISA Pentakit and the viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR. Twenty eight days after administration of the vaccine, a marked increase of specific antibody titres to BRSV and BPIV3 was detected in vaccinated calves. All animals were RT-PCR positive both for BRSV and BPIV3. Both viruses were excreted with nasal discharges within 8 d after vaccination but the course of shedding in individual calves was variable.
Occurrence of extended spectrum β-lactamaseand AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in meat samples
Authors: Wasiński Bernard , Różańska Hanna , Osek Jacek 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was a preliminary determination of occurrence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli (E.coli) in raw meat samples collected from slaughter-houses located in different regions of Poland. A total of 141 samples were tested, comprising 78 pork samples, 44 beef samples, and 19 chicken meat samples. Isolated and identified E. coli strains were examined for the ESBL and/or AmpC β-lactamases production by the use of four disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration tests. All strains positive in one or both tests were examined by PCR for the presence of the blaCTX, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCMY-2 group genes. During the study, 154 E. coli strains were isolated from 95 samples. Among these, 18 (11.7%) strains were identified in phenotypic tests as ESBL-producing and seven (4.5%) strains as AmpC-positive. The presence of the genes encoding selected ESBL-s (TEM, CTX, SHV) was identified in 14 of the strains recognised as ESBLpositive in phenotypic tests. All AmpC-positive isolates showed the presence of the CMY-2 group encoding genes. One of these strains had also the CTX-M and TEM genes, and four of them expressed the TEM marker.
Influence of dietary soy isoflavones on immature hamster uterotrophic and Hershberger assays
Authors: Minta Maria , Radko Lidia , Stypuła-Trębas Sylwia , Woźniak Barbara , Żmudzki Jan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
To select appropriate diet for hamsters used in the uterotrophic and Hershberger assays two rodent diets were compared: Murigran (Agropol, Poland) and Altromin 7010 (Altromin Spezialfutter GmbH&Co., Germany). The contents of bioactive compounds in feeds were evaluated by liquid chromatography, and their oestrogenic activity by yeast enhanced green fluorescent protein assay. In opposition to Altromin, Murigran contained high amounts (μg/kg) of genistein (765 600) and daidzein (132 000), and the oestrogenic activity of these compounds, expressed as 17β-oestradiol equivalent concentration (EEQ), was found to be 9.54 μg EEQ/kg. In in vivo study, Murigran induced a high degree of oestrogenisation in immature hamsters, and females failed to exhibit a normal uterine response to recommended dose of a model oestrogen agonist 17α-ethinyloestradiol. There was no influence of the diet on the weight of five accessory sex organs (ASO): ventral prostate, seminal vesicles with coagulating glands, levator ani bulbocavernosus muscles, Cowper`s glands, and glans penis of control males. However, the impact on ASO response to model androgen agonist, testosterone propionate was observed. The obtained results provide the evidence that phytooestrogen-rich feed modulates the oestrogenic and androgenic response to chemicals.
An Approach for Quality Assessment and Efficiency of a Web-Based System for Distance Learning
Authors: Trichkova Elisaveta , Stoilova Krasimira 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to propose an approach for quality assessment and efficiency of the web-based system for distance learning. This system has useful options for on-line creation and use of Web-based courses by other medical disciplines in Medical University - Sofia. The results of the assessment will be used to improve the functionality of the processes in the system to meet the user requirements.
Evaluation of water quality in open channels flowing through Beni-Mellal City (Morocco) / Ocena jakości wody w otwartych kanałach płynących przez miasto Beni-Mellal (Maroko)
Authors: Barakat Ahmed , El Baghdadi Mohamed , Meddah Redouane , Rais Jamila , Nadem Samir , Afdali Mustapha 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The water quality of the open channels (Foughal, OumDhar and Tamagnounte) flowing into Beni-Mellal city were assessed in a bid to determine impacts of anthropogenic activities. Physicochemical and bacteriological parameters comprising temperature, pH, alkalinity, electrical conductivity, oxidizability, total hardness, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total coliforms, fecal coliforms and geochemical analyses were determined for the channels water before reaching the irrigation areas. While biological parameters demonstrated substantial variability, other parameters showed relatively little spatial variations. The spatial variations in water quality may be attributed to the effects of the urban wastewater discharge in the channels and to surface urban and agricultural runoff. Compared with drinking water quality standards of Moroccan and WHO, the results indicated that the channels water was suitable for drinking purpose with prior treatment. Various determinants such as electrical conductivity, residual sodium carbonate, total dissolved solids and hardness revealed that all water samples were suitable for irrigation.
The effect of effluents from rainbow trout ponds on water quality in the Gowienica River / Wpływ zrzutu wód poprodukcyjnych ze stawów pstrągowych na jakość wody w rzece Gowienicy
Authors: Bonisławska Małgorzata , Tański Adam , Mokrzycka Małgorzata , Brysiewicz Adam , Nędzarek Arkadiusz , Tórz Agnieszka 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Fish farming and especially rearing and breeding of rainbow trout and carp is one of potential sources of surface water pollution. The study was aimed at assessing the effect of a rainbow trout farm on water quality in the Gowienica River in winter. Temperature, pH, electrolytic conductivity, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, CODCr, alkalinity, water hardness, calcium, magnesium, ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen (III and V) and total phosphorus were determined according to Polish Norms and APHA [1995] in water samples collected in winter up- and downstream the study object. The increment of pollutant concentrations in rainbow trout farm effluents was referred to the requirements in Rozporządzenie MŚ [2006]. Performed studies and literature review show that effluents from the assessed fish farm did not worsen water quality of the river. Increased concentrations of total suspended solids and CODCr in effluents were noted only in March. According to data from the report on environmental status in zachodniopomorskie province in the years 2008-2011, poor water quality of the Gowienica River is recorded already upstream the rainbow trout farm. Pollution of this stretch of the river may originate from uncontrolled waste water management and from nutrient runoff from fields.
Book Reviews
Authors: Sarkar Dhrubajyoti , Mandal Sagar Taranga 
Published: January 2014

Shakespeare and Asia. Shakespeare Yearbook vol. 17, Eds. Yang Lingui, Douglas A. Brooks, Ashley Brinkman, New York: The Edward Mellen Press, 2010. Pp. Vii+528. ISBN-13: 978-0-7734-3726-5, ISBN-10: 0-7734- 3726-6
Abdulla Al-Dabbagh, Shakespeare, the Orient, and the Critics, New York and Oxford: Peter Lang, 2010. Pp. Ix + 148. ISBN978-1-4331-1059-7
PERFORMANCE OF SOME ADVANCED GENOTYPES OF COTTON IN TERMS OF CMT, CLCuV AND YIELD
Authors: Ilhai F. , Farooq J. , Mahmood A. , Farooq A. , Asif M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) and heat stress are the major threats to cotton productivity in Pakistan. Both these factors inflicted huge losses in recent years. Thirty one genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum L. were sown in the experimental area of Cotton Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan, on 25th of May for the purpose of screening against aforementioned stresses. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation among the tested genotypes. Some of the genotypes showed promising results in terms of CLCuV and also showed fair stability of their membranes. The strain FH- 142 showed excellent tolerance level against CLCuV and heat stress by showing the values of 0.4% for cotton leaf curl virus and membrane stability of 46.1%. The other genotypes that showed promising results in terms of CLCuV % are FH-330, MNH-886, MNH-814 and FH-312 and regarding heat stress MNH-456, FH-142, FH-118, CRSM- 38 and NIAB-112 exhibited promising results by showing the CMT % of 46.4%, 46.1, 45.5, 45.5, 44.1, and 41.9%, respectively. The findings of the experiment may be helpful in designing breeding programmes regarding CLCuV and heat tolerance as material had considerable potential for better yield as well.