bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compromised responses to dietary methionine restriction in adipose tissue but not liver of ob/ob mice
Authors: Stone Kirsten P. , Wanders Desiree , Calderon Lucie F. , Spurgin Stephen B. , Scherer Philipp E. , Gettys Thomas W. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveDietary methionine restriction (MR) reduces adiposity and hepatic lipids and increases overall insulin sensitivity in part by reducing lipogenic gene expression in liver, inducing browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), and enhancing the lipogenic and oxidative capacity of the remodeled WAT.MethodsOb/ob mice have compromised β‐adrenergic receptor expression in adipose tissue and were used to test whether MR could ameliorate obesity, insulin resistance, and disordered lipid metabolism.ResultsIn contrast to responses in wild‐type mice, MR failed to slow accumulation of adiposity, increase lipogenic and thermogenic gene expression in adipose tissue, reduce serum insulin, or increase serum adiponectin in ob/ob mice. However, MR produced comparable reductions in hepatic lipids and lipogenic gene expression in both genotypes. In addition, MR was fully effective in increasing insulin sensitivity in adiponectin−/− mice.ConclusionsThese findings show that diet‐induced changes in hepatic lipid metabolism are independent of weight loss and remodeling of WAT and are not required for insulin sensitization. In contrast, the failure of ob/ob mice to mount a normal thermogenic response to MR suggests that the compromised responsiveness of adipose tissue to SNS input is an important component of the inability of the diet to correct their obesity and insulin resistance.
The risk of acute liver injury associated with the use of antibiotics—evaluating robustness of results in the pharmacoepidemiological research on outcomes of therapeutics by a European consortium (PROTECT) project.
Authors: Udo Renate , Tcherny‐Lessenot Stéphanie , Brauer Ruth , Dolin Paul , Irvine David , Wang Yunxun , Auclert Laurent , Juhaeri Juhaeri , Kurz Xavier , Abenhaim Lucien , Grimaldi Lamiae , De Bruin Marie L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurposeTo examine the robustness of findings of case–control studies on the association between acute liver injury (ALI) and antibiotic use in the following different situations: (i) Replication of a protocol in different databases, with different data types, as well as replication in the same database, but performed by a different research team. (ii) Varying algorithms to identify cases, with and without manual case validation. (iii) Different exposure windows for time at risk.MethodsFive case–control studies in four different databases were performed with a common study protocol as starting point to harmonize study outcome definitions, exposure definitions and statistical analyses.ResultsAll five studies showed an increased risk of ALI associated with antibiotic use ranging from OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.3–5.4) to 7.7 (95% CI 2.0–29.3). Comparable trends could be observed in the five studies: (i) without manual validation the use of the narrowest definition for ALI showed higher risk estimates, (ii) narrow and broad algorithm definitions followed by manual validation of cases resulted in similar risk estimates, and (iii) the use of a larger window (30 days vs 14 days) to define time at risk led to a decrease in risk estimates.ConclusionsReproduction of a study using a predefined protocol in different database settings is feasible, although assumptions had to be made and amendments in the protocol were inevitable. Despite differences, the strength of association was comparable between the studies. In addition, the impact of varying outcome definitions and time windows showed similar trends within the data sources. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PNVCL‐PEGMA nanohydrogels with tailored transition temperature for controlled delivery of 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: González‐Ayón Mirian A. , Sañudo‐Barajas J. Adriana , Picos‐Corrales Lorenzo A. , Licea‐Claverie Angel 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSensitive nanohydrogels were prepared via surfactant free emulsion copolymerization of N‐vinylcaprolactam and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, and either N‐vinylpyrrolidone (VP) or 2‐methacryloyloxybenzoic acid (2MBA) to adjust the transition temperature (Ttr). The crosslinker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was used for the polymer network construction. The resulting nanohydrogel sizes are between 120 and 300 nm. ρ‐Parameter, obtained from light scattering studies, suggests that core‐sell nanogels of flexible chains were obtained. Ttr increases with increasing comonomer content (VP or 2MBA) and decreases with decreasing pH for 2MBA containing nanohydrogels. Nanohydrogels containing 15.5% of 2MBA exhibit Ttr close to 38 °C. Nanogels are able to control the release of the loaded antineoplastic drug 5‐fluorouracil. For the prepared T/pH‐sensitive nanogels, the release is slower at pH 7.4 and 37 °C than at tumor conditions: pH 6 and 40 °C. Mathematical models were applied to evaluate the kinetics of drug release; Peppas model fitted best indicating a Fickian diffusion trough a sphere. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2662–2672
Azide‐functionalized nanoparticles as quantized building block for the design of soft–soft fluorescent polystyrene core—PAMAM shell nanostructures
Authors: Baczko Krystyna , Fensterbank Hélène , Berini Bruno , Bordage Nadège , Clavier Gilles , Méallet‐Renault Rachel , Larpent Chantal , Allard Emmanuel 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis work deals with the covalent coupling of azide‐functionalized polymeric nanoparticles as a reactive core and amino‐terminated PAMAM dendrons as a reactive shell. The nanoassemblies thereby obtained could be modified after the dendronization step by grafting an alkynyl Bodipy dye on the unreacted azide moieties. Only a few steps are required to attain nanoassemblies that could mimic dendrimers of high generation with sizes of nano‐objects beyond those of dendrimers. The structure of the nanoassemblies are composed of a polystyrene core, an inner shell including the Bodipy dyes along with the internal branches of the PAMAM, and the terminal amino groups from the outer shell. The dendritic shell acts as a protective layer that prevents NP from aggregation in a surfactant free aqueous solution. The nano‐objects display absorption and emission maxima above 500 nm with brightness that are the same order of magnitude than Qdots. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 115–126
Transient sampling of aggregation‐prone conformations causes pathogenic instability of a parkinsonian mutant of DJ‐1 at physiological temperature
Authors: Milkovic Nicole M. , Catazaro Jonathan , Lin Jiusheng , Halouska Steven , Kizziah James L. , Basiaga Sara , Cerny Ronald L. , Powers Robert , Wilson Mark A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVarious missense mutations in the cytoprotective protein DJ‐1 cause rare forms of inherited parkinsonism. One mutation, M26I, diminishes DJ‐1 protein levels in the cell but does not result in large changes in the three‐dimensional structure or thermal stability of the protein. Therefore, the molecular defect that results in loss of M26I DJ‐1 protective function is unclear. Using NMR spectroscopy near physiological temperature, we found that the picosecond–nanosecond dynamics of wild‐type and M26I DJ‐1 are similar. In contrast, elevated amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange rates indicate that M26I DJ‐1 is more flexible than the wild‐type protein on longer timescales and that hydrophobic regions of M26I DJ‐1 are transiently exposed to solvent. Tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy and thiol crosslinking analyzed by mass spectrometry also demonstrate that M26I DJ‐1 samples conformations that differ from the wild‐type protein at 37°C. These transiently sampled conformations are unstable and cause M26I DJ‐1 to aggregate in vitro at physiological temperature but not at lower temperatures. M26I DJ‐1 aggregation is correlated with pathogenicity, as the structurally similar but non‐pathogenic M26L mutation does not aggregate at 37°C. The onset of dynamically driven M26I DJ‐1 instability at physiological temperature resolves conflicting literature reports about the behavior of this disease‐associated mutant and illustrates the pitfalls of characterizing proteins exclusively at room temperature or below, as key aspects of their behavior may not be apparent.
Modeling effects of dexamethasone on disease progression of bone mineral density in collagen‐induced arthritic rats
Authors: Lon Hoi‐Kei , DuBois Debra C. , Earp Justin C. , Almon Richard R. , Jusko William J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA mechanism‐based model was developed to characterize the crosstalk between proinflammatory cytokines, bone remodeling biomarkers, and bone mineral density (BMD) in collagen‐induced arthritic (CIA) rats. Male Lewis rats were divided into five groups: healthy control, CIA control, CIA receiving single 0.225 mg kg−1 subcutaneous (SC) dexamethasone (DEX), CIA receiving single 2.25 mg kg−1 SC DEX, and CIA receiving chronic 0.225 mg kg−1 SC DEX. The CIA rats underwent collagen induction at day 0 and DEX was injected at day 21 post‐induction. Disease activity was monitored throughout the study and rats were sacrificed at different time points for blood and paw collection. Protein concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP‐5b) in paws were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Disease progression and DEX pharmacodynamic profiles of IL‐1β, IL‐6, RANKL, and OPG were fitted simultaneously and parameters were sequentially applied to fit the TRACP‐5b and BMD data. The model was built according to the mechanisms reported in the literature and modeling was performed using ADAPT 5 software with naïve pooling. Time profiles of IL‐1β and IL‐6 protein concentrations correlated with their mRNAs. The RANKL and OPG profiles matched previous findings in CIA rats. DEX inhibited the expressions of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and RANKL, but did not alter OPG. TRACP‐5b was also inhibited by DEX. Model predictions suggested that anti‐IL‐1β therapy and anti‐RANKL therapy would result in similar efficacy for prevention of bone loss among the cytokine antagonists.
Semiconductor hydrogen analogue candidates for observation of quasi‐Landau oscillations associated with semi‐classical electron orbits
Authors: Bleasdale C. , Lewis R. A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRecently, oscillations above the ionization threshold were observed in high purity Si in a magnetic field. These oscillations were found to be related to the semi‐classical motion of excited electrons around impurity centers periodically returning to the nucleus. This effect had been previously observed for many elemental gases in magnetic fields, yet had never been observed in the semiconductor environment. In this work, we analyze other semiconductors to see if they provide a more favorable medium over Si for the observation of these orbits, and to establish the experimental conditions required to make such observations.
Geomorphic Responses to a Large Check‐Dam Removal on a Mountain River in Taiwan
Authors: Wang H.‐W. , Kuo W.‐C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe ability to understand and predict the impacts of dam removal in river systems is important, especially as dam decommissioning is becoming increasingly popular. In this study, we document the morphological and sediment impact of the removal of Chijiawan Check Dam in May 2011; a 13‐m‐high dam located on a coarse‐grained, steep mountain river channel in Taiwan. An estimated 0.2 million m3 of sediment had accumulated within the impoundment before its removal. Longitudinal and bankfull cross‐sectional surveys and a detailed sediment textural survey were undertaken along a 3.2‐km study reach of the Chijiawan Creek between 2010 and 2012. A rotating knickpoint with migration rates of up to 22 m/day was observed along the study reach, following dam removal. The rate and character of channel change, associated with the dam removal, appear to be driven as much by channel morphology and distance from the dam as by the hydrology variability. Our results suggested that relatively small amounts of sediment were eroded during the first 3 weeks following dam removal because of low discharge conditions. However, after 1 and 15 months, 10 and 75% of the sediment that had accumulated within former impounded was eroded, respectively. Sites near the former dam had a sediment texture that reflected the transport of released sediment, and this suggested that basin‐wide sediment processes exerted a strong influence. The removal of Chijiawan Dam offers unique insight on how sediment processes can drive river channel responses to sediment pulses may vary with discharge and sediment load, in areas subject to remarkably high flows and sediment loads. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing Juvenile Salmon Rearing Habitat and Associated Predation Risk in a Lower Snake River Reservoir
Authors: Tiffan K. F. , Hatten J. R. , Trachtenbarg D. A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSubyearling fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River basin exhibit a transient rearing strategy and depend on connected shoreline habitats during freshwater rearing. Impoundment has greatly reduced the amount of shallow‐water rearing habitat that is exacerbated by the steep topography of reservoirs. Periodic dredging creates opportunities to strategically place spoils to increase the amount of shallow‐water habitat for subyearlings while at the same time reducing the amount of unsuitable area that is often preferred by predators. We assessed the amount and spatial arrangement of subyearling rearing habitat in Lower Granite Reservoir on the Snake River to guide future habitat improvement efforts. A spatially explicit habitat assessment was conducted using physical habitat data, two‐dimensional hydrodynamic modelling and a statistical habitat model in a geographic information system framework. We used field collections of subyearlings and a common predator [smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu)] to draw inferences about predation risk within specific habitat types. Most of the high‐probability rearing habitat was located in the upper half of the reservoir where gently sloping landforms created low lateral bed slopes and shallow‐water habitats. Only 29% of shorelines were predicted to be suitable (probability >0.5) for subyearlings, and the occurrence of these shorelines decreased in a downstream direction. The remaining, less suitable areas were composed of low‐probability habitats in unmodified (25%) and riprapped shorelines (46%). As expected, most subyearlings were found in high‐probability habitat, while most smallmouth bass were found in low‐probability locations. However, some subyearlings were found in low‐probability habitats, such as riprap, where predation risk could be high. Given their transient rearing strategy and dependence on shoreline habitats, subyearlings could benefit from habitat creation efforts in the lower reservoir where high‐probability habitat is generally lacking. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
World Health Assembly Resolution WHA68.15: “Strengthening Emergency and Essential Surgical Care and Anesthesia as a Component of Universal Health Coverage”—Addressing the Public Health Gaps Arising from Lack of Safe, Affordable and Accessible Surgical and Anesthetic Services
Authors: Price Raymond , Makasa Emmanuel , Hollands Michael 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
On May 22 2015, the 68th World Health Assembly (WHA) adopted resolution WHA68.15, “Strengthening emergency and essential surgical care and anesthesia as a component of universal health coverage (UHC).” For the first time, governments worldwide acknowledged and recognized surgery and anesthesia as key components of UHC and health systems strengthening. The resolution details and outlines the highest level of political commitments to address the public health gaps arising from lack of safe, affordable, and accessible surgical and anesthetic services in an integrated approach. This article reviews the background of resolution WHA68.15 and discusses how it can be of use to surgeons, anesthetists, advanced practice clinicians, nurses, and others caring for the surgical patients, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Longitudinal Impact of a Family Critical Time Intervention on Children in High‐Risk Families Experiencing Homelessness: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Shinn Marybeth , Samuels Judith , Fischer Sean N. , Thompkins Amanda , Fowler Patrick J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA randomized trial compared effects of a Family Critical Time Intervention (FCTI) to usual care for children in 200 newly homeless families in which mothers had diagnosable mental illness or substance problems. Adapted from an evidence‐based practice to prevent chronic homelessness for adults with mental illnesses, FCTI combines housing and structured, time‐limited case management to connect families leaving shelter with community services. Families were followed at five time points over 24 months. Data on 311 children—99 ages 1.5–5 years, 113 ages 6–10 years, and 99 ages 11–16 years—included mother‐, teacher‐, and child‐reports of mental health, school experiences, and psychosocial well‐being. Analyses used hierarchical linear modeling to investigate intervention effects and changes in child functioning over time. Referral to FCTI reduced internalizing and externalizing problems in preschool‐aged children and externalizing for adolescents 11–16. The intervention led to declines in self‐reported school troubles for children 6–10 and 11–16. Both experimental and control children in all age groups showed reductions in symptoms over time. Although experimental results were scattered, they suggest that FCTI has the potential to improve mental health and school outcomes for children experiencing homelessness.
Effects of water quality in oil palm production landscapes on tropical waterbirds in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Sulai Petra , Nurhidayu Siti , Aziz Najjib , Zakaria Mohamed , Barclay Holly , Azhar Badrul 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOil palm expansion is a major driver of habitat loss in the tropics. Although a number of studies have evaluated the consequences for terrestrial biodiversity, the effects on wetland habitats and fauna are less well described. This study aims to determine the conservation value of flood‐control drainage channels in oil palm smallholdings for waterbirds. We also measured the water quality (water temperature; pH; dissolved oxygen, DO; total dissolved solids, TDS; salinity; water depth; conductivity; and turbidity) and habitat characteristics (vegetation cover and channel width) to determine the relationship between waterbird species richness, water quality, and habitat characteristics. Birds were surveyed along 25 line transects within peat swamp‐ and mangrove‐converted oil palm smallholdings. Data were collected in seven smallholdings between March and December 2013. We recorded a total of 1111 waterbirds from eight resident species. Both mangrove forest‐ and peat swamp‐converted smallholdings had similar waterbird diversity. Waterbird species richness increased with increasing DO and decreased with water depth, temperature, and conductivity. The most parsimonious predictive model (minimum quasi Akaike information criterion = 476.48) explained 52.39 % of the variation in species richness. Our data indicate that even man‐made aquatic habitats, such as flood‐control channels, can be important for some waterbirds in oil palm smallholdings. However, considering the relatively small increase in waterbird species richness in channels, the most successful strategy for conserving waterbirds will require protection of intact wetlands supported by better management of drainage channels in oil palm smallholdings.
Analysis of JAK2 V617F mutation in Jordanian patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Jaradat Saied A , Khasawneh Rawan , Kamal Nazmi , Matalka Ismail , Al-Bishtawi Mohammed , Al-Sweedan Suleiman , Ayesh Mahmoud H 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND:
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are heterogeneous clonal bone marrow stem cell disorders and include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) neoplasia. In 2005, the JAK2
V617F mutation was identified in Philadelphia chromosome-negative patients. The aim of this study was to sequence coding exons 12 and 14 of the JAK2 gene in Jordanian patients with MPN.

METHODS:
Both exons 12 and 14 of the JAK2 gene were amplified using polymerase chain reaction from DNA extracted from 68 blood and bone marrow samples belonging to 57 MPN patients and subjected to DNA sequencing.

RESULTS:

JAK2
V617F mutations were detected in 26 of 57 Jordanian patients (45%) with different MPNs. JAK2
V617F was identified in 70%, 31%, and 14% of PV, ET, and IMF cases, respectively. Five men diagnosed with PV were homozygous for JAK2
V617F, whereas the other 21 patients were heterozygous for the mutation. Neither the JAK2
V617F mutation nor any DNA polymorphism in exon 12 or exon 14 of the JAK2 gene was detected among the 40 leukemic patients. A rare single nucleotide polymorphism, c.1860C→T (rs375442615), was detected in one patient with ET.

CONCLUSION:
This study is the first molecular investigation of the JAK2 gene in Jordan. We successfully identified the JAK2
V617F mutation in Jordanian patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative MPNs. Our results provide a basis for the early detection of this mutation and simplify the diagnostic workup for these disorders at the molecular level.
The effects of TMT faultline configuration on a firm’s short-term performance and innovation activities
Authors: Xie Xiao-Yun , Wang Wei-Liang , Qi Zhen-Jiang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFaultline configurations in top management teams are of vital importance in predicting firm outcomes. Grounded in faultline theory, we hypothesise the positive effects of faultlines through the dual routes of coordination and information processing under conditions of various subgroup configuration types. Second-hand data from publicly traded Chinese information technology firms are used to test our hypotheses. The results demonstrate that TMT faultline strength is positively related to a firm’s short-term performance only when both the number and the balance of subgroups are high and is positively related to a firm’s innovation activities only when the number of subgroups is high and the balance of subgroups is low. This study contributes to faultline theory by enriching the connotation of faultlines with the configurational perspective and advancing the debate on the effects of team faultlines as we reveal the benefits of TMT faultlines.