bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in understanding the phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Larreoideae using morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: Vento Bárbara , Mego Natalia , Puebla Gabriela G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Larreoideae are one of the major representatives of Zygophyllaceae in South America. In this work, we analysed the phylogenetic relationships of species in the subfamily Larreoideae using morphological and molecular data in a total evidence context. We also evaluated the monophyly of Larreoideae considering both morphological and a combined set of data (morphological + molecular), providing a discussion of the phylogenetic position of its members. Finally, we constructed a molecular tree based on nuclear and plastid sequences, analysing them separately. The integration of morphological and molecular data reaffirms the monophyly of Larreoideae. The phylogenetic analysis supports the traditional genera as well-supported groups. Species in Bulnesia are clearly separated by molecular and morphological characters which reinforce the consolidation of the genus Gonopterodendron. Therefore, we recognize eight genera forming Larreoideae. We confirm the taxonomic position of Guaiacum angustifolium (Porlieria angustifolia) in Guaiacum supported by molecular and morphological data, and suggest the inclusion of Pintoa chilensis and Metharme lanata in Larreoideae based on morphological features shared with members of the subfamily.
Evaluating the associations between intelligence quotient and multi-tissue proteome from the brain, CSF and plasma
Authors: Shi Sirong , Chen Yujing , Chu Xiaoge , Shi Panxing , Wang Bingyi , Cai Qingqing , He Dan , Zhang Na , Qin Xiaoyue , Wei Wenming , Zhao Yijing , Jia Yumeng , Zhang Feng , Wen Yan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Intelligence quotient is a vital index to evaluate the ability of an individual to think rationally, learn from experience and deal with the environment effectively. However, limited efforts have been paid to explore the potential associations of intelligence quotient traits with the tissue proteins from the brain, CSF and plasma. The information of protein quantitative trait loci was collected from a recently released genome-wide association study conducted on quantification data of proteins from the tissues including the brain, CSF and plasma. Using the individual-level genotypic data from the UK Biobank cohort, we calculated the polygenic risk scores for each protein based on the protein quantitative trait locus data sets above. Then, Pearson correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the relationships between intelligence quotient traits (including 120 330 subjects for ‘fluid intelligence score’ and 38 949 subjects for ‘maximum digits remembered correctly’) and polygenic risk scores of each protein in the brain (17 protein polygenic risk scores), CSF (116 protein polygenic risk scores) and plasma (59 protein polygenic risk scores). The Bonferroni corrected P-value threshold was P &lt; 1.30 × 10−4 (0.05/384). Finally, Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to test the causal relationships between ‘fluid intelligence score’ and pre-specific proteins from correlation analysis results. Pearson correlation analysis identified significant association signals between the protein of macrophage-stimulating protein and fluid intelligence in brain and CSF tissues (Pbrain = 1.21 × 10−8, PCSF = 1.10 × 10−7), as well as between B-cell lymphoma 6 protein and fluid intelligence in CSF (PCSF = 1.23 × 10−4). Other proteins showed close-to-significant associations with the trait of ‘fluid intelligence score’, such as plasma protease C1 inhibitor (PCSF = 4.19 × 10−4, Pplasma = 6.97 × 10−4), and with the trait of ‘maximum digits remembered correctly’, such as tenascin (Pplasma = 3.42 × 10−4). Additionally, Mendelian randomization analysis results suggested that macrophage-stimulating protein (Mendelian randomization-Egger: β = 0.54, P = 1.64 × 10−61 in the brain; β = 0.09, P = 1.60 × 10−12 in CSF) had causal effects on fluid intelligence score. We observed functional relevance of specific tissue proteins to intelligence quotient and identified several candidate proteins, such as macrophage-stimulating protein. This study provided a novel insight to the relationship between tissue proteins and intelligence quotient traits.
Cardiac ageing: from hallmarks to therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Hastings Margaret H , Zhou Qiulian , Wu Chao , Shabani Parisa , Huang Shengyuan , Yu Xuejing , Singh Anand P , Guseh J Sawalla , Li Haobo , Lerchenmüller Carolin , Rosenzweig Anthony 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cardiac ageing is an intricate and multifaceted process with considerable impact on public health, especially given the global demographic shift towards aged populations. This review discusses structural, cellular, and functional changes associated with cardiac ageing and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Key molecular mediators are considered within the framework of the established hallmarks of ageing, with particular attention to promising therapeutic candidates. We further delineate the differential impacts of ageing on cardiac structure and function in men and women, addressing hormonal and chromosomal influences. The protective and mitigating effects of exercise in cardiac ageing and HFpEF in particular are discussed, as an inspiration for the identification of pathways that mitigate biological ageing. We also emphasize how much remains to be learned and the importance of these efforts in enhancing the cardiac health of ageing populations worldwide.
Sexually differentiated decision-making involves faster recruitment in the early stages for the Tibetan antelopes Pantholops hodgsonii
Authors: Zhu Qin , Guan Jian , Lei Tianya , Xuan Kun , Guo Sile , Zhao Yumeng , Fu Changjian , Yang Le , Li Zhongqiu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Group living is widespread across diverse taxa, and the mechanisms underlying collective decision-making in contexts of variable role division are critical for understanding the dynamics of group stability. While studies on collective behavior in small animals such as fish and insects are well-established, similar research on large wild animals remains challenging due to the limited availability of sufficient and systematic field data. Here, we aimed to explore the collective decision-making pattern and its sexual difference for the dimorphic Tibetan antelopes Pantholops hodgsonii (chiru) in Xizang Autonomous Region, China, by analyzing individual leadership distribution, as well as the joining process, considering factors such as calving stages and joining ranks. The distinct correlations of decision participants’ ratio with group size and decision duration underscore the trade-off between accuracy and speed in decision-making. Male antelopes display a more democratic decision-making pattern, while females exhibit more prompt responses after calving at an early stage. This study uncovers a partially shared decision-making strategy among Tibetan antelopes, suggesting flexible self-organization in group decision processes aligned with animal life cycle progression.
Immature development and adult longevity of the soybean tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Authors: Ribeiro Arthur V , Menger James P , Führ Fábio M , Koch Robert L 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe leaf-mining microlepidopteran, Macrosaccus morrisella (Fitch) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), has emerged as a new pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabales: Fabaceae), in Canada and the United States, but little is known about its life history traits. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the immature developmental rate of M. morrisella, from egg to adult emergence, on soybean at different temperatures, and the longevity of adults supplied with water and/or honey at different temperatures. The time to 50% emergence of adults was 71.90, 36.33, 24.62, and 17.83 days at 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C, respectively. The lower developmental threshold of M. morrisella was estimated at 8.96 °C, with 425.04 degree-days required for egg-to-adult development. For adult longevity, time to 50% mortality at 25 °C was 15.00, 4.00, and 2.00 days when adults were provided with 25% (v/v) honey–water solution, water, or nothing, respectively. In a follow-up experiment, time to 50% mortality at 25 °C was 24.00, 6.00, 3.00, and 3.00 days when adults were provided with honey and water (offered separately), honey, water, or nothing, respectively, with a synergistic effect when honey and water were offered simultaneously as opposed to honey or water alone. Finally, when fed 25% (v/v) honey–water solution and maintained at 20, 25, and 30 °C, time to 50% mortality of adults was 26.50, 15.00, and 15.00 days. These results inform the understanding of the basic biology of M. morrisella and will help inform the future development of management programs for this insect in soybean.
Characteristics and outcome in cardiogenic shock according to vascular access site for percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Peters Elma J , Bogerd Margriet , Ten Berg Sanne , Timmermans Marijke J C , Engström Annemarie E , Thiele Holger , Jung Christian , Schrage Benedikt , Sjauw Krischan D , Verouden Niels J W , Teeuwen Koen , Dedic Admir , Meuwissen Martijn , Danse Peter W , Claessen Bimmer E P M , Henriques José P S ,   Participating Centers of the PCI Registration Committee of the Netherlands Heart Registration, Meuwissen M , Henriques J P , Marques K M J , Teeuwen K , Daemen J , Schotborgh C E , Snijder R J R , Scherptong R , Brouwer J , Dedic A , Camaro C , Danse P W , Lipšic E , Kraaijeveld A O 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
The optimal vascular access site for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) remains uncertain. While observational data favour transradial access (TRA) due to lower complication rates and mortality, transfemoral access (TFA) PCI offers advantages such as shorter access and procedure times, along with quicker escalation to mechanical circulatory support (MCS). In this study, we aimed to investigate factors associated with a transfemoral approach and compare mortality rates between TRA and TFA in AMI-CS patients undergoing PCI.

Methods and results
Data from a nationwide registry of AMI-CS patients undergoing PCI (2017–2021) were analysed. We compared patient demographics, procedural details, and outcomes between TRA and TFA groups. Logistic regression identified access site factors and radial-to-femoral crossover predictors. Propensity score–matched (PSM) analysis examined the impact of access site on mortality. Of the 1562 patients, 45% underwent TRA PCI, with an increasing trend over time. Transfemoral access patients were more often female, had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, lower blood pressure, higher resuscitation and intubation rates, and elevated lactate levels. After PSM, 30-day mortality was lower in TRA (33% vs. 46%, P &lt; 0.001). Predictors for crossover included left coronary artery interventions, multivessel PCI, and MCS initiation.

Conclusion
Significant differences exist between TRA and TFA PCI in AMI-CS. Transfemoral access was more common in patients with worse haemodynamics and was associated with higher 30-day mortality compared with TRA. This mortality difference persisted in the PSM analysis.
Prevalence of asymptomatic valvular heart disease in the elderly population: a community-based echocardiographic study
Authors: Tsampasian Vasiliki , Militaru Cristian , Parasuraman Sathish Kumar , Loudon Brodie L , Lowery Crystal , Rudd Amelia , Srinivasan Janaki , Singh Satnam , Dwivedi Girish , Mahadavan Gnanadevan , Dawson Dana , Clark Allan , Vassiliou Vassilios S , Frenneaux Michael P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
With an ageing population, the presence of asymptomatic valvular heart disease (VHD) in the community remains unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and associated factors of asymptomatic VHD in individuals ≥60 years old and to evaluate the feasibility of echocardiographic screening for VHD in this population.

Methods and results
This was a prospective cohort study conducted between 2007 and 2016 in the UK. Asymptomatic patients with no prior indication for echocardiography were invited to participate and evaluated with a health questionnaire, clinical examination, and transthoracic echocardiography. A total of 10,000 individuals were invited through their general practices. A total of 5429 volunteered to participate, of whom 4237 were eligible for inclusion. VHD was diagnosed in more than a quarter of patients (28.2%). The most common types of VHD were regurgitation of the tricuspid (13.8%), mitral (12.8%), and aortic (8.3%) valves (trivial regurgitation was not included). The rate of prevalence of clinically significant VHD was 2.4% (2.2% moderate and 0.2% severe), with mitral and aortic regurgitation being the most common. The only parameter associated with significant VHD was age (odds ratio 1.07 per 1 year increment, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.09, P &lt; 0.001). The number needed to scan to diagnose one clinically significant case of VHD is 42 for individuals ≥60 and 15 for those ≥75 years old.

Conclusion
Asymptomatic VHD is present in a significant proportion of otherwise healthy individuals without known VHD over 60 years old. Age is strongly associated with an increased incidence of significant VHD.
A case report of primary pericardial sarcoma
Authors: Ravindran Abhijit , Miller Matthew S , Ayers Emily , Gimple Lawrence , Ayers Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary pericardial sarcomas are extremely rare malignancies. In this case of primary pericardial synovial sarcoma, we discuss the initial steps to work-up pericardial effusions and review features that warrant more detailed investigation.

Case summary
A 29-year-old male with no relevant past medical history presents with a few weeks of fatigue, dyspnoea, orthopnoea, leg swelling, and back pain. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed pericardial effusion for which pericardiocentesis and drain placement were done. He was discharged with a diagnosis of post-viral pericarditis. He returned 5 months later with worsening symptoms. Advanced imaging with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) showed heterogeneous pericardial mass later revealed to be a high-grade synovial sarcoma on biopsy. The patient was started on a doxorubicin-based chemotherapy regimen, but due to kidney dysfunction and multi-organ failure, he was transitioned to palliative care measures.

Discussion
Transthoracic echocardiogram and computed tomography are often the initial tests of choice for pericardial effusions with pericardiocentesis recommended for effusions with tamponade physiology, for moderate-to-large effusions, or if there is concern for infection/neoplasm. Due to improved tissue characterization and spatial resolution, CMR and positron emission tomography should also be considered for atypical or recurrent pericardial effusions to assess for less common aetiologies such as malignancy.
Comparative cardiovascular and renal effectiveness of empagliflozin and dapagliflozin: Scandinavian cohort study
Authors: Engström Arvid , Söderling Jonas , Hviid Anders , Eliasson Björn , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Wintzell Viktor , Hveem Kristian , Jonasson Christian , Melbye Mads , Pasternak Björn , Ueda Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
To assess the comparative cardiovascular and renal effectiveness and safety of empagliflozin vs. dapagliflozin among patients with type 2 diabetes in routine clinical practice.

Methods and results
Cohort study using data from nationwide registers in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, from June 2014 to June 2021 included 141 065 new users of empagliflozin and 58 306 new users of dapagliflozin. Coprimary outcomes were major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death), heart failure (hospitalization or death because of heart failure) and serious renal events (renal replacement therapy, hospitalization for renal events, and death from renal causes). Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the primary outcomes, any cause death, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Use of empagliflozin vs. dapagliflozin was associated with similar risk of major cardiovascular events [adjusted incidence rate: 15.9 vs. 15.8 events per 1000 person-years; HR 1.02, (95% confidence interval 0.97–1.08)], heart failure [6.5 vs. 6.3 events per 1000 person-years; HR 1.05 (0.97–1.14)] and serious renal events [3.7 vs. 4.1 events per 1000 person-years; HR 0.97 (0.87–1.07)]. In secondary outcome analyses, the HRs for use of empagliflozin vs. dapagliflozin were 1.00 (0.93–1.07) for myocardial infarction, 1.03 (0.95–1.12) for stroke, 1.01 (0.92–1.13) for cardiovascular death, 1.06 (1.00–1.11) for any cause death, 0.77 (0.60–0.99) for renal replacement therapy, 1.20 (0.75–1.93) for renal death, 1.01 (0.90–1.12) for hospitalization for renal events and 1.12 (0.94–1.33) for diabetic ketoacidosis.

Conclusion
Use of empagliflozin and dapagliflozin was associated with similar risk of cardiovascular and renal outcomes, mortality, and diabetic ketoacidosis.
Exercise training improves exercise capacity and quality of life in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Baral Ranu , Ho Jamie Sin Ying , Soroya Ayesha Nur , Hanger Melissa , Clarke Rosemary Elizabeth , Memon Sara Fatima , Glatzel Hannah , Ahmad Mahmood , Providencia Rui , Bray Jonathan James Hyett , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and there are limited proven therapeutic strategies. Exercise has been shown to be beneficial in several studies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of exercise on functional, physiological, and quality-of-life measures.

Methods and results
A comprehensive search of Medline and Embase was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adult HFpEF patients with data on exercise intervention were included. Using meta-analysis, we produced pooled mean difference (MD) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with Review Manager (RevMan) software for the peak oxygen uptake (VO2), Minnesota living with heart failure (MLWHF) and, other diastolic dysfunction scores. A total of 14 studies on 629 HFpEF patients were included (63.2% female) with a mean age of 68.1 years. Exercise was associated with a significant improvement in the peak VO2 (MD 1.96 mL/kg/min, 95% CI 1.25–2.68; P &lt; 0.00001) and MLWHF score (MD −12.06, 95% CI −17.11 to −7.01; P &lt; 0.00001) in HFpEF. Subgroup analysis showed a small but significant improvement in peak VO2 with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. medium-intensity continuous exercise (MCT; MD 1.25 mL/kg/min, 95% CI 0.41–2.08, P = 0.003).

Conclusion
Exercise increases the exercise capacity and quality of life in HFpEF patients, and high-intensity exercise is associated with a small but statistically significant improvement in exercise capacity than moderate intensity. Further studies with larger participant populations and longer follow-up are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate potential differences between high- and medium-intensity exercise.
Global burden of ischaemic heart disease from 2022 to 2050: projections of incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years
Authors: Shi Hujuan , Xia Yihang , Cheng Yiran , Liang Pengcheng , Cheng Mingmei , Zhang Baoliang , Liang Zhen , Wang Yanzhong , Xie Wanqing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has been a significant public health issue worldwide. This study aims to predict the global burden of IHD in a timely and comprehensive manner.

Methods and results
Incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for IHD from 1990 to 2021 were derived from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database, and three models (linear, exponential, and Poisson regression) were used to estimate their trends over time at the global, regional, and national levels by age, sex, and country groups, with the gross domestic product per capita was applied to adjust the model. The model results revealed that the global burden of IHD is expected to increase continuously by 2050. By 2050, global IHD incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs are projected to reach 67.3 million, 510 million, 16 million, and 302 million, respectively, which represents an increase of 116%, 106%, 80%, and 62%, respectively, from 2021. Moreover, the results showed that regions with lower sociodemographic index (SDI) bore a greater burden of IHD than those with higher SDI, with men having a higher burden of IHD than women. People over 70 years old account for a major part of the burden of IHD, and premature death of IHD is also becoming more serious.

Conclusion
The global burden of IHD will increase further by 2050, potentially due to population ageing and economic disparities. Hence, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention of IHD and formulate targeted strategies according to different SDI regions and special populations.
The Italian Fabry Disease Cardiovascular Registry (IFDCR)
Authors: Limongelli Giuseppe , Biagini Elena , Cappelli Francesco , Graziani Francesca , Monda Emanuele , Olivotto Iacopo , Parisi Vanda , Pieroni Maurizio , Rubino Marta , Serratore Serena , Sinagra Gianfranco , Indolfi Ciro , Perrone Filardi Pasquale 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
The Italian Fabry Disease Cardiovascular Registry (IFDCR) comprises 50 Italian centres with specific expertise in managing cardiovascular manifestations and complications of patients with Fabry disease (FD). The primary aim of the IFDCR is to examine and improve the clinical care and outcomes of patients with FD by addressing several knowledge gaps in the epidemiology, natural history, genotype–phenotype correlations, diagnosis, and management of this condition, with particular focus on cardiovascular manifestations and complications.

Methods and Results
The IFDCR is an international, longitudinal, multicentre, non-interventional, observational study. Consecutive patients aged ≥2 years with a diagnosis of FD will be included in the study. The recruitment period consists of two parts: the retrospective enrolment period, from January 1981 to December 2023, and the prospective enrolment period, spanning from January 2024 to December 2031. The registry collects baseline and follow-up data, including the enrolment setting, patient demographics, family history, symptoms, clinical manifestations, electrocardiogram, cardiovascular imaging, laboratory assessment, medical therapy, genetic testing results, and outcomes.

Conclusions
The IFDCR is a national, multicentre, registry that includes patients with FD. It holds detailed and multiparametric data across the patient pathway and clinical manifestations, acting as a powerful tool for improving the quality of care and conducting high-impact research.
Women in political power and school closure during COVID times
Authors: Danzer Natalia , Garcia-Torres Sebastian , Steinhardt Max Friedrich , Stella Luca 
Published: June 2024

Summary
This study explores the relationship between women’s representation in political power and school closures during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Using a cross-country dataset in Europe, we document a striking negative relationship between the share of female members in national governments and school closures. We show that a one-standard deviation increase in female members of national governments is associated with a significant reduction in the likelihood of school lockdowns by 24% relative to the average share of school closures. This result is robust to an extensive set of sensitivity checks. We attribute this pattern to a higher awareness of female politicians about the potential costs that school closures imply for families, in particular working mothers with young children.