bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble Klotho and intact fibroblast growth factor 23 in long-term kidney transplant patients
Authors: Bleskestad Inger H , Thorsen Inga Strand , Jonsson Grete , Skadberg Øyvind , Bergrem Harald , Gøransson Lasse G 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundControversies exist whether disturbances in mineral and bone disorder (MBD) normalise or persist after kidney transplantation. We assessed markers of MBD in patients with well-functioning kidney transplants to minimise confounding by reduced transplant function.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 40 patients aged ≥18 years who received a first kidney transplant more than 10 years ago were included. A well-functioning transplant was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥45 ml/min per 1.73 m2.ResultsMedian time since transplantation was 18.3 years (inter quartile range (IQR) 12.2–26.2). Albumin-corrected serum calcium levels were above upper limit of normal in 15% of the transplanted patients, and serum phosphate levels below lower limit of normal in 31%. The median levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF23) were significantly higher than that in a group of healthy volunteers (11.3 pmol/l (IQR: 8.7–16.2) vs 4.4 pmol/l (IQR: 3.8–5.9), P<0.001 and 75.0 pg/ml (IQR: 53.3–108.0) vs 51.3 pg/ml (IQR: 36.3–67.6), P=0.004 respectively). There was a non-significant reduction in soluble Klotho (sKlotho) levels (605 pg/ml (IQR: 506–784) vs 692 pg/ml (IQR: 618–866)). When compared with a control group matched for eGFR, levels of iPTH were significantly higher (P<0.001), iFGF23 had a non-significant trend towards higher levels and sKlotho towards lower levels.ConclusionsIn long-term kidney transplant patients with well-functioning kidney transplants, we found inappropriately high levels of iPTH and iFGF23 consistent with a state of persistent hyperparathyroidism. We speculate that the primary defect, FGF23 resistance, has evolved in the parathyroid gland before transplantation, and persists due to long half-life of the parathyroid cells.
Unusual Regulation of Splicing of the Cholinergic Locus inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Mathews Eleanor A , Mullen Gregory P , Manjarrez Jacob R , Rand James B 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe essential neurotransmitter acetylcholine functions throughout the animal kingdom. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the acetylcholine biosynthetic enzyme [choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)] and vesicular transporter [vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT)] are encoded by the cha-1 and unc-17 genes, respectively. These two genes compose a single complex locus in which the unc-17 gene is nested within the first intron of cha-1, and the two gene products arise from a common pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) by alternative splicing. This genomic organization, known as the cholinergic gene locus (CGL), is conserved throughout the animal kingdom, suggesting that the structure is important for the regulation and function of these genes. However, very little is known about CGL regulation in any species. We now report the identification of an unusual type of splicing regulation in the CGL of C. elegans, mediated by two pairs of complementary sequence elements within the locus. We show that both pairs of elements are required for efficient splicing to the distal acceptor, and we also demonstrate that proper distal splicing depends more on sequence complementarity within each pair of elements than on the sequences themselves. We propose that these sequence elements are able to form stem-loop structures in the pre-mRNA; such structures would favor specific splicing alternatives and thus regulate CGL splicing. We have identified complementary elements at comparable locations in the genomes of representative species of other animal phyla; we suggest that this unusual regulatory mechanism may be a general feature of CGLs.
Ascorbic acid attenuates acute pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation caused by zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Fukui Hiroko , Iwahashi Hitoshi , Endoh Shigehisa , Nishio Keiko , Yoshida Yasukazu , Hagihara Yoshihisa , Horie Masanori 
Published: January 2015

Ascorbic acid attenuates acute pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation caused by zinc oxide nanoparticles: Hiroko Fukui, et al. United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu UniversityObjectiveIt is known that inhalation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) induces acute pulmonary dysfunction, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and injury, but there are no reports on how to prevent these adverse effects. We have previously reported that the pulmonary symptoms caused by ZnO NPs were associated with oxidative stress; in the present study, we therefore investigated the use of ascorbic acid (AA), which is known as vitamin C, to prevent these toxic effects.MethodsAZnO NP dispersion was introduced into rat lungs by intratracheal injection, and thereafter a 1% aqueous AA solution was given as drinking water. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected at 1 day and 1 week after injection, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO1), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels were measured. In addition, expression of the chemokine cytokine‐induced neutrophil chemoattractants (CINCs), HO‐1, and metallothionein‐1 (MT‐1) genes in the lungs were determined.ResultsAcute oxidative stress induced by ZnO NPs was suppressed by supplying AA. Increases in LDH activity and IL‐6 concentration were also suppressed by AA, as was the expression of the CINC1, CINC‐3, and HO‐1 genes.ConclusionsOral intake of AA prevents acute pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation caused by ZnO NPs. Intake of AA after unanticipated exposure to ZnO NPs is possibly the first effective treatment for the acute pulmonary dysfunction they cause.
Surveys on the competencies of specialist occupational physicians and effective methods for acquisition of competencies in Japan
Authors: Mori Koji , Nagata Masako , Hiraoka Mika , Kudo Megumi , Nagata Tomohisa , Kajiki Shigeyuki 
Published: January 2015

Surveys on the competencies of specialist occupational physicians and effective methods for acquisition of competencies in Japan: Koji Mori, et al. Occupational Health Training Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanObjectiveThe aim of this study was to study the necessary competencies for specialist occupational physicians in Japan and the effective training methods for acquiring them.MethodsA competency list (61 items) was developed for the questionnaires in the study by making use of existing competency lists from the Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) as well as lists from the US and Europe. Certified senior occupational physicians (CSOPs) in the certification program of the JSOH completed a questionnaire on the necessary competencies. Examiners of the examination for certified occupational physicians (COPs) completed another questionnaire on effective training methods.ResultsAll 61 competencies in the questionnaires were evaluated as “necessary”. Some of the competencies in the list from the JSOH were evaluated lower than the items added from the American and European lists. When the respondents were categorized into a “practical group”, the members of which mainly provided occupational health services, an “academic group”, the members of which belonged to research or education institutes such as medical schools, and all others, the practical group evaluated some competencies significantly higher than the academic group, particularly those related to work accommodation. Among three options for training methods, the most effective methods were lectures and textbooks for 5 competency items, on‐the‐job training (OJT) for 30 items, and case‐based learning (CBL) for 29 items.ConclusionsSome competencies should be added to the JSOH list. CBL should be introduced in training programs for specialist occupational physicians.
Effect of workstation height and distance on upper extremity muscle activity during repetitive below‐the‐knee assembly work
Authors: Shin Seung‐Je , Yoo Won‐Gyu 
Published: January 2015

Effect of workstation height and distance on upper extremity muscle activity during repetitive below‐the‐knee assembly work: Seung‐Je SHIN, et al. Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Inje University, Republic of KoreaObjectivesTo determine the activity of the upper trapezius, serratus anterior, anterior deltoid, biceps brachii. and lower trapezius muscles in healthy adults during below‐the‐knee assembly work.MethodsFifteen right‐handed male subjects participated in this study. The electrical activities, measured by EMG, of the right upper trapezius, serratus anterior, anterior deltoid, biceps brachii. and lower trapezius were measured during below‐the‐knee assembly work at four workstations of varying height and distance from the participant (workstation 1, below‐the‐knee assembly work with a height of 15 cm above the floor and a reach distance of 30 cm; workstation 2, height of 15 cm and distance of 45 cm; workstation 3, height of 30 cm and distance of 30 cm; workstation 4, height of 30 cm and distance of 45 cm). Muscle activity at the four workstations was represented as a percentage of the reference voluntary isometric contraction (RVIC).ResultsHeight: Upper and lower trapezius activity increased significantly during below the knee assembly work as height above the floor increased. The activities of the serratus anterior and biceps brachii muscles increased significantly during low‐height below‐the‐knee assembly work. Distance: The activities of the upper trapezius, serratus anterior, anterior deltoid and biceps brachii increased significantly during below‐the‐knee assembly work at a far distance (45 cm). The lower trapezius muscle activity increased significantly during below‐the‐knee assembly work at a close distance (30 cm).ConclusionsBelow‐knee workers should engage in work close to themselves, since distance appears to be a stronger risk factor for injury than height above the floor.
Heterogeneity in Classes: Cooperative Problem-Solving Activities through Cooperative Learning/Heterogenost u nastavi: aktivnosti suradničkog rješavanja problema u sklopu suradničkog učenja
Authors: Çiğdemoğlu Ceyhan , Kapusuz Kamil Yavuz , Kara Ali 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTeachers, from primary schools to college, experience challenges regarding bothincreased class sizes and a greater diversity of students having a broad spectrumof abilities, interests, needs, and goals. The aim of this paper is to investigate theeffect of cooperative learning through Cooperative Problem-Solving (CPS) activitieson homogenous and heterogeneous grouping in an engineering course. As amixed method design, the study utilized both quantitative and qualitative data.The participants, 47 engineering students selected conveniently, were enrolled in acommunication systems course. The analysis of the quantitative data indicated thatno significant difference (p= .791) exists between the ways in which the students inhomogenous and the students in heterogeneous group understand communicationsystems. In order to reveal the perceptions of students regarding the implementation,they were interviewed at the end of the semester. The qualitative data obtained fromthese interviews suggests that students prefer heterogeneous to homogenous grouping.The findings also imply that further research should concentrate on heterogeneousgrouping strategies and more detailed qualitative data in order to reveal what kindof patterns emerge from students’ interactions in different groupings.Key words: cooperative learning; cooperative problem-solving; engineering education;within-class grouping. ---SažetakNastavnici, bez obzira na to rade li u osnovnim školama ili na fakultetu, nailazena izazove koji su povezani i s povećanim brojem učenika u razredima, kao i sasve većom raznolikošću učenika koji imaju širok spektar sposobnosti, interesa,potreba i ciljeva. Cilj je ovog rada ispitati učinak suradničkog učenja primjenomaktivnosti suradničkog rješavanja problema u homogenim i heterogenimskupinama u inženjerskom usmjerenju. Zamišljeno kao istraživanje koje uključujemješovite metode, ovo istraživanje koristilo se i kvantitativnim i kvalitativnimpodacima. Sudionici u istraživanju, 47 prikladno odabranih studenata inženjerskogusmjerenja, upisali su kolegij Komunikacijski sustavi. Analiza kvantitativnihpodataka pokazala je da ne postoji značajna razlika (p=.791) u načinima na kojestudenti u homogenim i studenti u heterogenim skupinama poimaju komunikacijskesustave. Da bi se utvrdila opažanja studenata u vezi s implementacijom, s njimasu na kraju semestra provedeni intervjui. Kvalitativni podaci koji su dobiveni timintervjuima upućuju na to da studenti više vole heterogene skupine nego homogeneskupine. Rezultati također upućuju na potrebu provođenja daljnjih istraživanjakoja bi se usredotočila na strategije heterogenog grupiranja i detaljnije kvalitativnepodatke da bi se utvrdilo kakvi se obrasci javljaju u interakciji studenata u različitoformiranim skupinama.Ključne riječi: grupiranje unutar skupine; obrazovanje u području inženjerstva;suradničko rješavanje problema; suradničko učenje
Examples of Motivation Using Drama Expression in Croatian Language Classes / Primjeri motivacije dramskim izrazom u nastavi hrvatskoga jezika
Authors: Slavic Dean , Trescec Martina 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe article shows how students in Croatian language classes can be motivated by using drama expression. Drama is addressed in the text as useful in the Croatian language classes because it helps students to relax and talk about a problem taking on the role of a certain character. Students develop oral skills without stress as they do not talk to the teacher directly. Twelve drama methods have been described, half of which have been used as motivation for concrete units in elementary school, while the other half has been used for motivation in secondary school. Key words: Croatian language in the classroom; drama expression; drama methods; motivation. ---SažetakČlanak prikazuje kako u nastavi hrvatskoga jezika motivirati učenike služeći se dramskim izrazom. Dramski izraz prikazan je u tekstu korisnim u nastavi hrvatskoga jezika jer omogućava učenicima da se opuste i progovore o određenom problemu uživljavajući se u ulogu lika. Učenici razvijaju svoje govorne sposobnosti i vještine, razvijaju motoričke sposobnosti, odnosno uviđaju važnost govora tijela. Opisano je dvanaest dramskih metoda, od kojih je pola primijenjeno kao motivacija za konkretne nastavne jedinice u osnovnoj školi, a pola za motivaciju u srednjoj školi.Ključne riječi: dramski izraz; dramske metode; hrvatski jezik u nastavi; motivacija.
Support for Secondary School Students with Special Needs / Podrška srednjoškolcima s posebnim potrebama
Authors: Schmidt Majda , Čagran Branka 
Published: January 2015

The article was part of the target research project Planning the Education Process – the Concepts of Curriculum Design, which examines the following two partial problems: support for, and organization of adaptations, and the implementation of individualized programmes (IP) for students with special needs (SN). The research sample comprised 131 Slovenian secondary school teachers who had students with SN in their classes and were provided additional professional support. We controlled the role of the type of school, type of impairment and teachers' training. Students with SN require most support in the areas of learning and motivation. This is particularly so for the students with learning difficulties and those with health impairments. Most teachers prepare special learning aids; when they need support for a student with SN, they cooperate with the school counselling service. The results show that the majority of students with SN do not participate in team meetings, and they also rarely make decisions about the IP learning objectives.Key words: adaptations; individualized programme; secondary schools; support; students with SN. - - - Članak je dio ciljnoga istraživačkog projekta Planiranje obrazovnoga procesa - koncepti kreiranja kurikula, koji istražuje sljedeća dva parcijalna problema: potpora i organizacija adaptacije te provedba individualiziranih programa (IP) za učenike s posebnim potrebama (PP). Uzorak istraživanja obuhvaća 131 profesora slovenskih srednjih škola koji su imali učenike s PP u svojim razredima i koji su dobili dodatnu stručnu podršku. Kontrolirali smo ulogu vrste škole, vrste oštećenja i usavršavanje nastavnika. Učenici s PP zahtijevaju najveću podršku u području učenja i motivacije. Ovo je osobito važno za učenike s teškoćama u učenju i one sa zdravstvenim poteškoćama. Većina nastavnika priprema posebna pomagala za učenje; kada im je potrebna podrška za učenika s PP, oni surađuju sa školskom savjetodavnom službom. Rezultati pokazuju da većina učenika s PP ne sudjeluje u grupnim sastancima, kao i da rijetko donose odluke o ciljevima učenja u IP. Ključne riječi: adaptacije; individualizirani programi; podrška; srednje škole; učenici s PP.
The Somatization Symptoms among Grammar School Students / Učestalost simptoma somatizacije kod gimnazijalaca
Authors: Petak Ana , Brajša-Žganec Andreja 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe present study investigates the somatization symptoms among grammar school students. High school students (N=218) from a convenience sample school were asked to complete The Somatization Scale. Data analysis showed that girls reported somatization symptoms more frequently than boys. The analysis showed that 1.4% of students felt some of the somatic symptoms on a daily basis, while 6.9% of students had such symptoms 2-3 times a week. Other students reported physical symptoms less frequently. 41.3% of students reported having somatic symptoms once a week and 46.8% of the students complained of somatic symptoms once or twice a month. Only 3.2% of students said that they had never experienced such symptoms. The most common somatic symptoms in adolescence are headaches and fatigue, while the rarest physical symptom is abdominal pain. Contemporary authors associated somatization tendencies with stressful situations in school. Therefore, it is important that parents, teachers and school counselors are familiar with the frequency and potential causes of somatic symptoms in adolescence. Key words: high school; physical symptoms; stress. ---SažetakIstraživanje je provedeno s ciljem utvrđivanja učestalosti simptoma somatizacije kod učenika gimnazije. Učenici gimnazije (N=218) iz prigodno odabrane škole su tijekom nastave ispunjavali Skalu somatizacije. Obradom podataka utvrđeno je kako djevojke češće od mladića izvještavaju o somatizacijskim tegobama. Pokazalo se kako 1.4% učenika osjeća neku od somatskih tegoba svakodnevno, a kod 6.9% učenika su takve tegobe prisutne 2-3 puta tjedno. U ostalih se učenika tjelesne tegobe javljaju rjeđe, pa 41.3% učenika ima somatizacijske smetnje jednom tjedno, 46.8% ih primjećuje jednom do dva puta mjesečno. Samo 3.2% učenika tvrdi da ih ne osjeća nikada. Kao najučestalije somatske smetnje istaknute su glavobolja i osjećaj umora, a abdominalni bolovi najrjeđe su prisutna tjelesna tegoba u adolescenata. Budući da suvremeni autori povezuju sklonost somatizaciji s izloženošću stresnim situacijama u školi, važno je da roditelji, učitelji i stručni suradnici budu upoznati s učestalošću i potencijalnim uzrocima somatskih tegoba kod adolescenata. Ključne riječi: tjelesni simptomi; srednja škola; stres.
First record of Siphonops paulensis Boettger, 1892 (Gymnophiona: Siphonopidae) in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Santana Daniel Oliveira , De-Carvalho Crizanto Brito , Freitas Evellyn Borges de , Nunes Geziana Silva Siqueira , Faria Renato Gomes 
Published: January 2015

Siphonopidae is represented by 25 caecilians species in South America. In Brazil, Siphonops paulensis is found in the states of Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, Bahia, Tocantins, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, and in the Distrito Federal. Herein, we report the first record of Siphonops paulensis in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, Simão Dias municipality. This record significantly expands the distribution of the species in northeastern Brazil.
First record of pleasing lacewings (Neuroptera: Dilaridae) in São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: Martins Caleb Califre , Amorim Dalton De Souza 
Published: January 2015

The diversity of the small family Dilaridae in the world includes less than 80 described species, 10 of which known for Brazil. Representatives of the family in Brazil are known for the states of Amazonas, Rondônia, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná and Santa Catarina. This note includes the first record of the family for the state of São Paulo, with the report of Nallachius limai Adams, 1970 in the Parque Estadual Horto Florestal, Campos do Jordão.
Temperature-Dependent Electroluminescence from CdTe/CdS Solar Cells
Authors: Price K. J. , Vasko A. , Gorrelland L. , Compaan A. D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractElectroluminescence (EL) from polycrystalline CdTe/CdS solar cells was studied over the temperature range – 30 C to 25 C. We are able to observe above-background EL at forward current densities as low as 3 mA/cm2, allowing us to explore the EL behavior at current-voltage regimes within the normal operating parameters of the device. The EL spectrum is very similar to the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, and is independent of applied voltage. We show that the EL most likely originates from injected electron-hole recombination at the CdTe/CdS junction. The total EL intensity is found to vary as a power-law function of current, EL ∼ Ib, where I is the forward current density and b is a constant. The value of b varies from sample to sample and decreases with increasing temperature. EL intensity typically is much more sensitive to device deterioration with light soak stress than is cell efficiency.
Le skarn Mo-W-Cu à grenat, wollastonite, pyroxène et vésuvianite d’Azegour (Haut-Atlas, Maroc)
Authors: Berrada Hmima Samia , Marcoux Eric , Hafid Ahmid 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Le skarn minéralisé en Mo, W et Cu d’Azegour se forme aux dépens d’une série cambrienne essentiellement sédimentaire carbonatée dans l’auréole de métamorphisme d’un granite permien. Les bancs métasomatisés plurimétriques du skarn sont pour l’essentiel des grenatites et wollastonitites massives, plus rarement des pyroxénites. L’étude minéralogique montre que les grenatites sont composées pour l’essentiel d’andradite (grenat vert-noir et grenat brun-noir zoné) plus rarement de grossulaire (grenat orangé). Le pourcentage de spessartite est toujours faible (maximum 4 %). La wollastonite est légèrement manganésifère, la vésuvianite fluorée (jusqu’à 3,3 %) et chlorée (1,2 %). Les paragenèses permettent d’établir les conditions de formation du skarn aux alentours de 620–650 °C pour une pression de 1,7 à 2 kbar, avec une fCO2 de 31 mole %, en contexte réducteur (fO2 de 10−18 et 10−17 atm.). Le skarn d’Azegour est un marqueur de la fin de l’orogenèse hercynienne, et dénote la persistance de conditions réductrices, un environnement très favorable à la cristallisation de sulfures. Le skarn d’Azegour semble ainsi se former à des températures plus élevées que d’autres skarns à tungstène hercyniens comme Salau (Ariège, France).