bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible migration by woodland caribou in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Pereira Alexis , Hazell Megan , Fryxell John M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent studies of ungulate movement ecology suggest that seasonal movement tactics often vary within a population. The forest‐tundra and forest‐dwelling ecotypes of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Ontario, Canada, are traditionally presumed to differ in migratory strategy; however, their potential for facultative migration, the practice of interannual switching between migratory and non‐migratory strategies, has yet to be explored. Understanding facultative migration, and any inherent variation and influences could help improve habitat management. We acquired global positioning system (GPS) telemetry‐based movement data from 109 radio‐collared caribou across the Hudson Bay lowlands between 2009 and 2019. We compared the data with estimates of vegetation density, snow cover, and human disturbance to identify environmental influences associated with the probability and magnitude of migration. We also compared seasonal resource selection between migratory and sedentary individuals. Caribou demonstrated plasticity in migration, with evidence of facultative migration by the forest‐tundra and the forest‐dwelling ecotypes. Variation in migration was likely a combination of local adaptation and acute response to changing environmental factors, particularly snow. Probability and distance of migration were positively correlated with snow, while distance also showed spatial dependency. Plasticity in migration has significant implications in relation to future shifts in climate and should be considered in relevant predictive analyses.
Body mass changes of dabbling and diving ducks wintering in California
Authors: Herzog Mark P. , Ackerman Joshua T. , Kohl Jeffrey D. , Fettig Brady L. , Hartman C. Alex , Peterson Sarah H. , Casazza Michael L. , Fleskes Joseph P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBird body mass is often used as an index of body condition and fluctuates throughout the year in response to environmental conditions and avian life‐history events. We examined the body mass of 59,572 ducks representing 13 species (7 dabbling duck species and 6 diving duck species) harvested within the 3 regions of the Central Valley in California, USA (Sacramento Valley, Suisun Marsh, San Joaquin Valley). Data collection occurred in winter during 5 hunting seasons (2014–2015, 2015–2016, 2017–2018, 2018–2019, 2019–2020). For all species, age, and sex classes, the body mass of dabbling ducks varied temporally and was lowest at the end of the hunting season in late January, declining from the beginning of the hunting season in mid‐October (northern pintail [Anas acuta]: −11.4% to −20.4%; northern shoveler [Spatula clypeata]: −3.5% to −17.3%; cinnamon teal [Anas cyanoptera]: −5.0% to −17.1%; American wigeon [Mareca americana]: −6.9% to −12.2%; American green‐winged teal [Anas carolinensis]: −5.9% to −11.9%; mallard [Anas platyrhynchos]: −1.8% to −9.6%; gadwall [Mareca strepera]: −2.2% to −8.4%). As expected, adults (after hatch‐year) were heavier than immature (hatch‐year) birds (within males: 0.6–8.6%; within females: 0.1–6.6%) and males were heavier than females (within adults: 3.1–38.6%; within immatures: 5.4–33.5%) at the end of the hunting season in all species. Within dabbling duck species, body masses did not differ among regions at the beginning of the hunting season but were heavier in the Sacramento Valley (0.5–14.4%) than other areas by the end of the hunting season. In contrast, body masses of diving ducks did not vary substantially during the hunting season or among regions. Diving ducks demonstrated inconsistent changes in mass from the beginning to the end of the season (lesser scaup [Aythya affinis]: 3.4% to 12.3%; canvasback [Aythya valisineria]: 5.1% to 6.1%; bufflehead [Bucephala albeola]: −3.2% to 1.6%; ring‐necked duck [Aythya collaris]: −4.9% to 2.6%; common goldeneye [Bucephala clangula]: −3.2% to −2.4%; ruddy duck [Oxyura jamaicensis]: −16.5% to 5.5%). The substantial temporal and spatial differences in dabbling duck body masses suggest that habitat quality (as measured by caloric value of the available food) or quantity may decline during winter and varies regionally within California's Central Valley.
Time‐Varying Metasurfaces for Efficient Surface‐Wave Coupling to Radiation and Frequency Conversion
Authors: Stefanini Luca , Ramaccia Davide , Barbuto Mirko , Longhi Michela , Monti Alessio , Vellucci Stefano , Toscano Alessandro , Alu Andrea , Galdi Vincenzo , Bilotti Filiberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTime‐varying electromagnetic materials are introducing new ways to control and transform light waves, unlocking unexplored scattering phenomena. In this paper, the wave phenomena associated with abrupt changes in the surface impedance of a metasurface introduced uniformly in space, forming a time interface are investigated. Efficient transformation of a monochromatic surface wave propagating along the metasurface into a radiated wave at a significantly higher frequency is demonstrated. This phenomenon realizes an efficient radiator for electromagnetic wireless signals at high frequencies relying on generators and modulators operated at a much lower frequency.
Structure Modulation and Charge Transfer in Self‐Reduction Phosphors: A Review
Authors: Wang Hongling , Mei Lefu , Su Ke , Liu Jingyi , Wang Qi , Wu Zhaojie , Guo Qingfeng , Liao Libing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTraditional luminescent materials commonly exhibit single‐duration emissions and single‐timed emissions with limited emission peaks. Developing a material with multicolor, variable temporal, and multimodal luminescence is a significant challenge. Self‐reduction phosphors have attracted considerable interest for their distinctive properties and versatile applications. Distinguished by their rigid structure and exceptional purity, offer a safer alternative to conventional reduction methods using hazardous gases H2/CO/N2. However, synthesizing these phosphors with precise control over self‐reduction and defect regulation is complex. Therefore, innovative structures and substrates are essential to address these challenges. This review discusses the latest developments in phosphors doped with ions such as Eu3+, Mn4+, Ce4+, and Yb3+, examining the origins and advancements in self‐reduction. It covers classifications, mechanisms, defects, and applications, with an emphasis on techniques for controlled self‐reduction through structural and charge transfer modifications. This work aims to provide valuable insights to facilitate further research and innovation endeavors.
Pseudo‐Ricci–Yamabe solitons on real hypersurfaces in the complex quadric
Authors: Suh Young Jin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFirst, we introduce a new notion of pseudo‐anti commuting for real hypersurfaces in the complex quadric and give a complete classification of Hopf pseudo‐Ricci–Yamabe soliton real hypersurfaces in the complex quadric . Next as an application we obtain a classification of gradient pseudo‐Ricci–Yamabe solitons on Hopf real hypersurfaces in .
Planar Choquard equations with critical exponential reaction and Neumann boundary condition
Authors: Rawat Sushmita , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. , Sreenadh K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe study the existence of positive weak solutions for the following problem:
where is a bounded domain in with smooth boundary, is a bounded measurable function on , is nonnegative real number, is the unit outer normal to , , and . The functions and have critical exponential growth, while and are their primitives. The proofs combine the constrained minimization method with energy methods and topological tools.
The double‐edged sword of generative artificial intelligence in digitalization: An affordances and constraints perspective
Authors: Park Ha Eun (Grace) 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenerative artificial intelligence (AI) has gained prominence across various industries and domains, offering capabilities to generate human‐like text, creative ideas, and solutions. This paper explores customers' responses to the use of generative AI in digitalizing content production and consumption processes. Drawing on technology affordance theory, this article examines how are the affordances of generative AI leveraged to contribute to the gradual digitalization of individuals. This netnographic study is based on over 9 months naturalistic observations of the AI Community online, culminating in 1572 pages of data. The findings identify different types of affordances that foster digitalization: automated content creation, automated data analysis, and AI‐generated content dissemination. This study also identifies the constraints of generative AI and discusses potential interventions to address these constraints and prevent unintended consequences. This research provides insights for scholars, professionals, and educators to better understand the dynamics of leveraging generative AI.
Simpler is greener: The impact of packaging visual complexity on products' eco‐friendliness perception
Authors: Wang Xiaoxuan , Chen Jiaqi , Ma Chenya , Jiang Yushi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConsumers increasingly value eco‐friendly attributes of products. Packaging serves as a medium through which consumers perceive product attributes and products convey information. However, research on the impact of packaging visual complexity on a product's perceived eco‐friendliness has not been thoroughly examined. Four studies were conducted based on visual complexity metaphor theory to examine the impact of packaging visual complexity on the eco‐friendliness perception of products. The study also investigated the mediating role of naturalness and durability perception as well as the moderating effect of external environmental threats. The results indicate that the visual complexity of packaging directly or indirectly (through perceptions of naturalness and durability) affects the eco‐friendliness perception of products. Furthermore, under high environmental threats, consumers exhibit a stronger eco‐friendly perception and purchase intention towards products with simple packaging. Eco‐friendliness perception mediates the relationship between packaging visual complexity and purchase intentions. This study contributes to the literature on visual complexity metaphors and eco‐friendly packaging and complements our knowledge of how visual packaging characteristics influence the perception of product attributes. The results provide valuable insights for marketing managers on how to use the visual complexity of packaging design to effectively convey product information.
Density–Nematic Coupling in Isotropic Solution of DNA: Multiscale Model
Authors: Svenšek Daniel , Sočan Jaka , Praprotnik Matej 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMonte Carlo simulations of isotropic solutions of double‐stranded DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) are performed using the well‐established oxDNA model. By comparing the fluctuation amplitudes with theoretical predictions, the parameters of a generic macroscopic model of an isotropic linear polymer solution/melt are determined. A multiscale continuum field model is thus obtained, corresponding to the full specificity of the isotropic phase of double‐stranded DNA in the usual B‐form as perceived at the macroscopic level. Present research is particularly focused on the coupling between spatial concentration/density variations of the polymer and the emerging nematic orientation order of the chains. This rather unfamiliar, only recently described phenomenon, inherent to linear polymers, is outlined and interpreted. Quantitative predictions are provided for the degree of nematic order induced by concentration gradients in isotropic solutions of double‐stranded DNA.
Tuning the Mechanical Properties of 3D‐printed Objects by Mixing Chain Transfer Agents in Radical Promoted Cationic RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Li Guangliang , Zhao Bowen , Zhu Yuzhen , He Shiliang , Li Jiajia , Zhu Jian , Li Na 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe utilization of (cationic) reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in photoinduced three‐dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a robust technique for fabricating a variety of stimuli‐responsive materials. However, methods for precisely adjusting the mechanical properties of these materials remain limited, thereby constraining their broader applicability. In this study, a facile way is introduced to modulate the mechanical properties of 3D printed objects by mixing two chain transfer agents (CTAs) within a radical‐promoted cationic RAFT (RPC‐RAFT) polymerization‐based 3D printing process. Through systematic investigations employing tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the influence of CTA concentration and molar ratio between two CTAs on the mechanical behavior of the printed objects are explored. These findings demonstrate that higher concentrations of CTAs or a greater molar ratio of the more active CTA within the mixed CTAs result in decreased Young's modulus and glass transition temperatures of the printed objects. Moreover, the tensile failure strain increased with the increasing CTA content, i.e., the samples became more ductile. This methodology broadens the toolbox available for tailoring the mechanical properties of 3D printed materials.
Strategic demand information sharing in an e‐commerce supply chain: The effect of the supplier's pricing timing
Authors: Wang Jingru , Peng Jiawu , Zhu Kuanyun , Zhuo Wenyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe paper studies strategic demand information sharing on online retail platforms and explores how it is influenced by the wholesale pricing timing. The supplier sells the product under a wholesale price contract indirectly and by paying a proportional commission fee directly. We investigate both ex ante and ex post information sharing arrangements. Under each arrangement, the supplier needs to determine the sequence of the wholesale price setting and the information sharing stage. We find that (1) under ex ante information sharing, if the supplier sets the wholesale price before, the online platform always shares private information; otherwise, it prefers to share only when the commission fee is large. Interestingly, the online platform's information sharing incentive is independent of signal accuracy and market variability. (2) Under ex post information sharing, the online platform may manipulate the signal shared with the supplier. We characterize the conditions and influencing factors of truthful information sharing. (3) If the conditions for information sharing can be achieved, the supplier prefers to set the wholesale price later. Otherwise, the supplier sets the wholesale price before inducing the online platform to share information.
Determining the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters of Anionic Polymerization of Styrene Using Linear Free‐Energy Relationship
Authors: Li Shen , Liu Zhong‐Xin , Zhou Yin‐Ning , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe effect of solvents on kinetic parameters of anionic polymerization is complex and a comprehensive theoretical study has been rare. In this work, four solvent polarity descriptors (i.e., polarizability, dipole moment, nucleophilic index, electrophilic index) are correlated with solvent parameters (Ea, A, ΔH‡, and ΔS‡) by multiple linear regression using the Catalan linear free‐energy relationship (LFER) equation for the anionic polymerization of styrene. The results show that Ea, ΔH‡, and ΔS‡ have a low correlation with dipole moment, whereas A is strongly correlated with dipole moment. Given the fact that the larger A the larger effective collision frequency Z, it is hypothesized that in polar solvents, the polymer chains are more extended, enabling more effective collisions between monomers and active anionic species during polymerization. In contrast, in nonpolar solvents, the polymer chains collapse, making it more difficult for the monomer to be inserted into the ion pairs. Subsequently, n‐pentane and tetrahydrofuran are chosen as representatives to confirm this conjecture by molecular simulations. Lastly, Ea, A and kp are predicted for 173 solvents using well‐established descriptive relationships.
DeepEMC‐T2 mapping: Deep learning–enabled T2 mapping based on echo modulation curve modeling
Authors: Pei Haoyang , Shepherd Timothy M. , Wang Yao , Liu Fang , Sodickson Daniel K. , Ben‐Eliezer Noam , Feng Li 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeEcho modulation curve (EMC) modeling enables accurate quantification of T2 relaxation times in multi‐echo spin‐echo (MESE) imaging. The standard EMC‐T2 mapping framework, however, requires sufficient echoes and cumbersome pixel‐wise dictionary‐matching steps. This work proposes a deep learning version of EMC‐T2 mapping, called DeepEMC‐T2 mapping, to efficiently estimate accurate T2 maps from fewer echoes.MethodsDeepEMC‐T2 mapping was developed using a modified U‐Net to estimate both T2 and proton density (PD) maps directly from MESE images. The network implements several new features to improve the accuracy of T2/PD estimation. A total of 67 MESE datasets acquired in axial orientation were used for network training and evaluation. An additional 57 datasets acquired in coronal orientation with different scan parameters were used to evaluate the generalizability of the framework. The performance of DeepEMC‐T2 mapping was evaluated in seven experiments.ResultsCompared to the reference, DeepEMC‐T2 mapping achieved T2 estimation errors from 1% to 11% and PD estimation errors from 0.4% to 1.5% with ten/seven/five/three echoes, which are more accurate than standard EMC‐T2 mapping. By incorporating datasets acquired with different scan parameters and orientations for joint training, DeepEMC‐T2 exhibits robust generalizability across varying imaging protocols. Increasing the echo spacing and including longer echoes improve the accuracy of parameter estimation. The new features proposed in DeepEMC‐T2 mapping all enabled more accurate T2 estimation.ConclusionsDeepEMC‐T2 mapping enables simplified, efficient, and accurate T2 quantification directly from MESE images without dictionary matching. Accurate T2 estimation from fewer echoes allows for increased volumetric coverage and/or higher slice resolution without prolonging total scan times.
Determining Appropriateness of Total Joint Arthroplasty for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Patient‐Centred Conceptual Model
Authors: Pacheco‐Brousseau Lissa , Stacey Dawn , Desmeules François , Ben Amor Sarah , Dervin Geoffrey , Beaulé Paul E. , Wai Eugene K. , Poitras Stéphane 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionTotal joint arthroplasty (TJA) for osteoarthritis is one of several treatment options with benefits and harms that patients value differently. However, the process for determining TJA appropriateness does not sufficiently acknowledge patient perspectives. The aim of this paper is to propose an evidence‐informed patient‐centred conceptual model for elective TJA appropriateness for hip and knee osteoarthritis.MethodsOur interprofessional team developed a conceptual model for determining the appropriateness of adults considering elective TJA. The model was informed by a review of the evidence, a qualitative study we conducted with adults who underwent TJA for osteoarthritis to determine barriers and facilitators to the use of appropriateness criteria, and the research and clinical experience of team members.ResultsAppropriateness is providing health services (e.g., TJA) with net benefits to the right patient at the right time. The proposed Patient‐centred Elective TJA Appropriateness Conceptual Model involves three key steps. First, assess adults with osteoarthritis to determine eligibility for TJA. Second, acknowledge the patient's informed preferences including their expectations and goals. Third, explore and support their mental and physical readiness for TJA. Given that osteoarthritis is a chronic condition, these steps can be revisited over time with patients.Discussion and ConclusionOur proposed conceptual model reconceptualises the appropriateness of TJA to be more patient‐centred. Hence, this approach has the potential to be a more inclusive approach and ensure patients undergoing TJA are eligible, ready to proceed, and achieve what matters most to them. Future research is needed to test and validate the model.
Mitochondrial genome variants associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their haplogroup distribution
Authors: Briones Marcelo R. S. , Campos João H. , Ferreira Renata C. , Schneper Lisa , Santos Ilda M. , Antoneli Fernando M. ,   NYGC ALS Consortium, Broach James R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may be familial or sporadic, and twin studies have revealed that even sporadic forms have a significant genetic component. Variants in 55 nuclear genes have been associated with ALS and although mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in ALS, variants in mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have not yet been tested for association with ALS. The aim of this study was to determine whether mitogenome variants are associated with ALS.MethodsWe conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in mitogenomes of 1965 ALS patients and 2547 controls.ResultsWe identified 51 mitogenome variants with p values <10−7, of which 13 had odds ratios (ORs) >1, in genes RNR1, ND1, CO1, CO3, ND5, ND6, and CYB, while 38 variants had OR <1 in genes RNR1, RNA2, ND1, ND2, CO2, ATP8, ATP6, CO3, ND3, ND4, ND5, ND6, and CYB. The frequencies of haplogroups H, U, and L, the most frequent in our ALS data set, were the same in different onset sites (bulbar, limb, spinal, and axial). Also, intra‐haplogroup GWAS revealed unique ALS‐associated variants in haplogroups L and U.DiscussionOur study shows that mitogenome single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are associated with ALS and suggests that these SNVs could be included in routine genetic testing for ALS and that mitochondrial replacement therapy has the potential to serve as a basis for ALS treatment.
Environmental education in preschool teacher training program: A systematic review
Authors: Tran Ho Uyen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEnvironmental education is an important task conducted in schools at all levels, from preschool to university. This study uses a systematic review of the existing literature to analyze the status quo of pre‐service preschool teachers' environmental competencies and the strategies for approaching environmental education in preschool teacher training. There were 14 studies selected by inclusion criteria and rigorously analyzed. These literatures provide an overview of the studies performed to date and allows for a more comprehensive understanding of some formal aspects of the research problem. Most of the reviewed studies measured pre‐service preschool teachers' environmental education competencies (N = 8), while a few studies (N = 6) focused on the approaches of pre‐service training programs in environmental education, identifying three strategies: (1) addition of environmental education courses in the program, (2) a separate course in environmental education methods, and (3) integration of environmental education methods into courses in existing programs. The search results show that environmental education in preschool teacher training is a recently emerged topic with a scarcity of studies. The findings emphasize the need for a detailed evaluation of current preschool teacher training programs to establish program development strategies regarding environmental education. In addition, this review calls for future research that focuses on experimenting with and applying environmental education strategies in preschool teacher training programs.