bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of high-efficiency InP/InGaAsP diluted waveguide for edge couplers
Authors: He Wei , Jiang Zhongjun , Chen Jingwei , Wang Liang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To transition integrated optical communication devices from laboratory settings to practical applications, efficient coupling between optical fibers and chip waveguides remains pivotal. This paper presents a systematic design of a diluted waveguide, a key component in the edge couplers of photonic integrated circuits. The primary purpose of the diluted waveguide lies in facilitating superior edge coupling with fiber waveguides, thereby seamlessly integrating external light sources into the waveguide structure. To commence, we employ the transfer matrix and effective refractive index techniques to simplify the 3-dimensional diluted waveguide into 2-dimensional multi-layer slab waveguides. By computing the field distribution of the fundamental mode within the diluted waveguide, the fiber-to-waveguide coupling efficiency can be derived using a simplified overlap equation and optimized diluted waveguide structure through particle swarm optimization algorithms. Consequently, we achieve a remarkable fiber-to-waveguide coupling efficiency exceeding 95% for TE-mode and 92% for TM-mode, with a polarization dependent loss (PDL) of merely 0.13 dB. Interestingly, the optimized diluted waveguide exhibits quasi-single mode behavior, as the fundamental mode containing 98% of the total energy propagates within it. Additionally, the diluted waveguide edge coupler demonstrates favorable alignment tolerance, with 1-dB excess losses of ±2.3 μm and (−2.5, +3) μm along the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Notably, our approach offers a versatile methodology for designing multi-layer waveguides across various materials. This method has the potential to be universally applied.
Unveiling the structural and optoelectronic properties of (P, Bi, Sb)-doped GaAs by first- principles calculations
Authors: López-Rendón María del Mar , Arellano-Ramirez Ivan D , Gil Rebaza Arles , Amaya-Roncancio Sebastian , Torres-Cerón Darwin A , Restrepo-Parra Elisabeth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the influence of M substitutions (M = P, Bi, and Sb) on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of gallium arsenide, GaM
x
As1-x
for

x
=
0
,

0.25
,

0.50
,

0.75
,

1.0

using density functional theory (DFT). We have observed that the cubic symmetry of the semiconductors in conserved, and lattice constants show a linear behavior with dopant concentration, according to Vegard’s law. Specifically, the lattice constants increased for Bi and Sb dopants, whilst decreased for P dopants. Furthermore, the bulk modulus decreased with an increase in M-concentration for all M-doped systems. The energy analysis showed that the P-doped system was the most stable system. In terms of the electronic band structure, all M-doped compounds exhibited a direct electronic band gap. The P-doped system showed a wide band gap, while the Sb-doped systems displayed a narrow band gap, both compared to pristine GaAs. The Bi-doped system showed metallic-like behavior. To gain insights into the linear optical properties of the GaM
x
As1-x
compounds, we calculated the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, as well as other optical parameters such as the absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and reflectivity. The results showed that P doping leads to a blue-shift in the optical absorption coefficient, while Bi and Sb doping lead to a red-shift. These findings provide valuable theoretical insights for the potential application of GaM
x
As1-x
semiconductors in photovoltaics and optoelectronic devices.
Proximity-encirclement of exceptional points in a multimode optomechanical system
Authors: Fan Zheng , Long Dan , Mao Xuan , Qin Guo-Qing , Wang Min , Li Gui-Qin , Long Gui-Lu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Dynamic encirclement of second-order exceptional points (EPs) exhibits chiral state transfer; however, investigations into the dynamics involving multiple and higher-order EPs remain sparse. Here, we study the proximity-encirclement of EPs within a multimode optomechanical system to elucidate the closed-path evolution in high-order non-Hermitian systems. Our optomechanical framework presents three distinct EP scenarios: absence of EPs, presence of a pair of second-order EPs, and the existence of a third-order EP. We meticulously analyze the system’s dynamic behavior, considering variables such as initial state, loop orientation and velocity, loop starting point variance, and the number and order of encircled EPs during state transfer processes. The findings reveal that chiral or non-reciprocal state transfer can be achieved when a loop encircles a second-order EP with varying radii. Encircling two second-order EPs results exclusively in chiral state transfer. Furthermore, both chiral and non-reciprocal state transfers are observed within a single loop encircling a third-order EP. These phenomena in the context of multimode optomechanical systems provide a new approach for manipulating state transfer in higher-order non-Hermitian systems.
Development of a new 3-dimensional scintillating detector for patient treatment quality control in pencil beam scanning proton therapy
Authors: Frelin Anne-Marie , Daviau G. , Hoang Hoa Bui My , Fontbonne Cathy , Fontbonne Jean-Marc , Lebhertz Dorothée , Mainguy Erwan , Moignier Cyril , Vela Anthony , Thariat Juliette 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this work, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) scintillation system, whose fast response and high sensitivity allow the measurement of pencil beam (PB) characteristics (position, energy and intensity in terms of monitor units - MU) for pencil beam scanning proton therapy. The system consists of a 10 × 10 × 10 cm3 scintillator cube that produces visible light when irradiated with PBs. A high-speed camera records the scintillation distribution and a mirror positioned at 45° to the cube allows visualization of two orthogonal faces of the cube. The measurements demonstrated the ability of our system to measure beam characteristics for intensities as low as 2·10−3 MU in a single irradiation. Standard deviations of less than 300 μm were found for the X and Y PB positions, of approximately 150 keV for energy and of less than 5·10−3 MU for intensity. These measurements were then successfully used to verify the compliance of the PBs delivery with the treatment plan, thus making our system a fast and efficient verification tool.
Se-functionalized ZIF-8 nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and disruption of biofilms and quorum sensing in Serratia marcescens
Authors: Gokhale Kunal M , Patravale Vandana , Pingale Rutuja , Pandey Pooja , Vavilala Sirisha L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The majority of research on nanomaterials has been concentrated on metal nanoparticles since they are easily made and manipulated. Nanomaterials have shown a wide range of applications in biology. Nevertheless, their bioactivity declines due to their extreme susceptibility to and novel Se@ZIF-8 by chemical method. The sizes and morphologies of Se (0) and Se@ZIFchemical and physical stimuli. The goal of encapsulating these nanomaterials in a matrix is gradually being pursued, which boosts their affordability, stability, and usability. Metal-organic frameworks, often known as MOFs, have the potential to be the best platforms for encapsulating metal nanoparticles due to their well-defined frameworks, persistent porosity, and flexibility in modification. In this investigation, we report the synthesis and optimization of polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized Se(0) nanoparticles -8 were affected by the ratios of Se/Zn2+ and [hmim]/Zn2+ used. The optimized Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles exhibited a particle size and zeta potential of 319 nm and −34 mv respectively. Transmission electron microscopy displayed spherical morphology for Se(0) nanoparticles, whereas the surface morphology of novel Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles was drastically changed to hexagonal shaped structures with smooth surface morphologies in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DTA, TG/DTG, XRD analysis confirmed the presence of novel Se incorporated ZIF-8 nanoparticulate framework. The synthesized novel Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles showed efficient antibacterial activity as evidenced by low MIC values. Interestingly, these Se@ZIF-8 NPs not only inhibited biofilm formation in S. marcescens, but also effectively eradicated mature biofilms by degrading the eDNA of the EPS layer. It was validated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and SEM analysis. It was observed that Se@ZIF-8 targeted the Quroum Sensing pathway and reduced its associated virulence factors production. This work opens up a different approach of Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles as novel antibiotics to treat biofilm-associated infections caused by S. marcescens and offer a solution for antimicrobial resistance.
Extreme winter-spring drought in Southwest China in 2023: response to the phase transition from La Niña to El Niño
Authors: Wang Ling , Ma Shuangmei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
During January–May 2023, an extreme prolonged drought dominates Southwest China, which caused a severely damage of local water availability, power supply and productivity in Yunnan Province. It is noted that the initiation and maintenance of this extreme drought was concurrent with phase transition from La Niña into El Niño. We demonstrate that this severe drought event was partly attributed to the relay influences of La Niña and El Niño evolution. The anomalous enhanced cyclone over the western North Pacific (WNP) associated with mature La Niña triggered anomalous downwards motion and reduced moisture supply to Southwest China, contributing to drought initiation. As the La Niña decay, the anomalous WNP cyclone gradually weakened in late winter and early spring. Moreover, the eastwards shifting of anomalous WNP cyclone intensified by the El Niño developing and maintained anomalous northerlies in this region. The preceding winter La Niña favored the prolonged MJO activities over the tropical western Pacific in late spring, which re-intensified anomalous WNP cyclone and aggravated drought in Yunnan. The local extreme droughts are a footprint over Southeast Asia, showing a few months predictability as a possible response to the transition from the phase of La Niña to El Niño. This is supported by the similar extreme droughts in history during phase transition from La Niña into El Niño.
On the GREM approximation of TAP free energies*
Authors: Sebastiani Giulia , Schmidt Marius Alexander 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We establish both a Boltzmann–Gibbs principle and a Parisi formula for the limiting free energy of an abstract generalized random energy model which provides an approximation of the Thouless–Anderson–Palmer free energies associated to the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model.
Lozenge tilings of a hexagon and q-Racah ensembles
Authors: Duits Maurice , Duse Erik , Liu Wenkui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study the limiting behavior of random lozenge tilings of the hexagon with a q-Racah weight as the size of the hexagon grows large. Based on the asymptotic behavior of the recurrence coefficients of the q-Racah polynomials, we give a new proof for the fact that the height function for a random tiling concentrates near a deterministic limit shape and that the global fluctuations are described by the Gaussian free field. These results were recently proved using (dynamic) loop equation techniques. In this paper, we extend the recurrence coefficient approach that was developed for (dynamic) orthogonal polynomial ensembles to the setting of q-orthogonal polynomials. An interesting feature is that the complex structure is easily found from the limiting behavior of the (explicitly known) recurrence coefficients. A particular motivation for studying this model is that the variational characterization of the limiting height function has an inhomogeneous term. The study of the regularity properties of the minimizer for general variational problems with such inhomogeneous terms is a challenging open problem. In a general setup, we show that the variational problem gives rise to a natural complex structure associated with the same Beltrami equation as in the homogeneous situation. We also derive a relation between the complex structure and the complex slope. In the case of the q-Racah weighting of lozenge tilings of the hexagon, our representation of the limit shape and their fluctuations in terms of the recurrence coefficients allows us to verify this relation explicitly.
From dual-unitary to biunitary: a 2-categorical model for exactly-solvable many-body quantum dynamics
Authors: Claeys Pieter W , Lamacraft Austen , Vicary Jamie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Dual-unitary brickwork circuits are an exactly-solvable model for many-body chaotic quantum systems, based on 2-site gates which are unitary in both the time and space directions. Prosen has recently described an alternative model called dual-unitary interactions round-a-face, which we here call clockwork, based on 2-controlled 1-site unitaries composed in a non-brickwork structure, yet with many of the same attractive global properties. We present a 2-categorical framework that simultaneously generalizes these two existing models, and use it to show that brickwork and clockwork circuits can interact richly, yielding new types of generalized heterogeneous circuits. We show that these interactions are governed by quantum combinatorial data, which we precisely characterize. These generalized circuits remain exactly-solvable and we show that they retain the attractive features of the original models such as single-site correlation functions vanishing everywhere except on the causal light-cone. Our framework allows us to directly extend the notion of solvable initial states to these biunitary circuits, and we show these circuits demonstrate maximal entanglement growth and exact thermalization after finitely many time steps.
Enhancing the mechanical properties of CF-reinforced epoxy composites through chemically surface modification of carbon fibers via novel two-step approach by addition of epichlorohydrin
Authors: Tutunchi Abolfazl , Ghodrati Tara , Taghizadeh Tabrizi Arvin , Osouli-Bostanabad Karim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The chemical surface modification was carried out in this study to improve the interface connection between carbon fiber (CF) and epoxy matrix to study the mechanical and fracture behavior of CF-reinforced epoxy composites. Finite element analysis was carried out by using ABAQUS software to simulate the variation of the tensile strength (TS), interfacial shear strength (IFSS), and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). The chemical surface modification was carried out by the chemical oxidation by nitric acid and subsequently, addition of monomer resin of epichlorohydrin in a solution at 80 °C. The Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were carried out to ensure the successful surface modification of CFs. Subsequently, surface-modified CF-reinforced epoxy composites were prepared through the hand lay-up method with the volume fraction of 20 wt.%, and curing was carried out at 80 °C for 4 h. The TS, IFSS, and ILSS values equaled 462.82 MPa, 156 MPa, and 4.1 MPa for modified CF/epoxy composites were achieved, respectively, which are improved remarkably compared to unmodified ones (380, 81, and 2.9 MPa). These improvements are attributed to the successful surface modification of CFs by epichlorohydrin. The surface modification causes the increase in wettability of CFs and the formation of mechanical interlocking and interaction between CFs and epoxy matrix was achieved through uniform and homogenous distribution of epichlorohydrin on the surface of CFs. Fractography was carried out, which indicated the sound and uniform adhesion between CF and epoxy matrix. Achieved results are consistent with simulated results.
Renewable Musa Sapientum derived porous nano spheres for efficient energy storage devices
Authors: Molahalli Vandana , Soman Gowri , Bhat Vinay S , M S Jyothi , Sirimahachai Uraiwan , Maradur Sanjeev , De Padova Paola , Chattham Nattaporn , Hegde Gurumurthy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Biomass-based carbonaceous materials derived from Musa Sapientum have gained much attention in recent years for their application in energy storage devices, especially supercapacitors. In the present work, we synthesized carbonaceous material from banana peel as the biomass precursor by using a pyrolysis method carried out at various temperatures (600, 800, and 1000 °C). The characterization of the prepared carbonaceous materials BP600, BP800 and BP1000 was done by using different characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM, studies. The electrochemical study of the synthesized material was carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The supercapacitive performance of the material was studied using a 3-electrode system with 3M KOH as an electrolyte. As a result, the BP600 exhibited a better specific capacitance with higher energy and power densities along with a maximum cyclic stability of 16,000 cycles. To show the practical applicability of the material BP 600, two electrode system studies were carried out as well, which showed preferentially good values for specific capacitance with appreciable power and energy density values. The study provides us with a green approach for the fabrication of non-toxic, low-cost, and environmentally friendly potential porous carbonaceous electrode materials by converting bio-waste into a clean and renewable source of energy.
Origin Story Part II: Change in Anti-Intellectual Attitude Endorsement
Authors: Motta Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 offers a novel exploration into how epistemic abilities (i.e., knowledge of basic scientific facts) and motivations (i.e., interest in scientific topics) shape within-person change in anti-intellectual attitude endorsement over time. While both science knowledge and interest are correlated with one another, this chapter shows that only gains in science interest are associated with decreased anti-intellectualism over time. These effects are particularly strong for Americans who are currently in the process of receiving a college degree, which is consistent with the idea that exposure to new people and ideas in college—including experts and intellectuals—may stimulate both interest in academic research and in those who produce it. Insights from Chapter 6 serve as the evidentiary basis for a series of recommendations discussed in the book’s conclusion regarding how to design effective strategic communication interventions that facilitate trust in scientists and other experts.
The Bidirectionality Thesis: Hofstadter’s Forgotten Prediction
Authors: Motta Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 offers a general test of the dynamic (bidirectional) relationship between anti-intellectualism and opposition to the role that experts play in the policymaking process. Consistent with Hofstadter’s often-overlooked theoretical expectations, the chapter finds that Americans’ preferences regarding experts’ role in the policymaking process and anti-intellectualism are mutually reinforcing. People who become more anti-intellectual over time are less likely to want experts to exert a strong influence on shaping public policies, while people who come to prefer a smaller policy role for experts tend to embrace negative views toward experts. These findings are the first to highlight the bidirectional nature of anti-intellectualism and its policy consequences and serve as an important conceptual context for understanding the analyses presented in Chapter 8.
Anti-Intellectualism and Its Pernicious Policy Consequences
Authors: Motta Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 offers a multifaceted look at the impact anti-intellectualism has on evidence-based economic, climate, and health policy. Beginning with macroeconomic policy, the chapter shows that anti-intellectualism is associated with the devaluation of economists’ policy-relevant expertise on issues related to unemployment and taxation. It also presents new evidence that Congress tends to invite fewer testimonies from economic experts in periods where public anti-intellectual sentiment is elevated. The chapter documents similar dynamics (on both counts) with respect to belief in human-caused climate change and the solicitation of expert input on climate-focused legislation. Finally, it shows that anti-intellectualism has been associated with opposition to evidence-based medicine throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, including the acceptance of pandemic-related misinformation, noncompliance with expert-recommended health behaviors (e.g., social distancing, mask wearing, and vaccine uptake), and opposition to expert-backed health policies (e.g., childhood vaccine mandates in public schools).
What’s Next, Doc?
Authors: Motta Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 9 concludes by summarizing the lessons learned from the analyses presented throughout this book and suggesting directions for future research. Anti-intellectualism is the product of both socio-political and epistemic forces. It both shapes and is shaped by views about the role that experts play in the policymaking process. Perhaps most importantly, anti-intellectualism inspires opposition both among political elites and the American public more generally to experts’ policy influence in several important areas. Most importantly, the chapter considers how anti-intellectual attitude acceptance can be reduced. Drawing on insights from Chapter 6, the book’s final chapter points to a potentially unified approach to combating anti-intellectualism by suggesting that efforts to stimulate Americans’ interest in and curiosity about science, technology, and related matters could help mitigate the extent to which Americans express negativity toward experts.
Design and development of a new pictorial tool to facilitate communication around advance care planning
Authors: Baylina Melé Mireia , Villavicencio-Chávez Christian , Garzón Rodríguez Cristina , Edo-Gual Montserrat , Crespo Iris 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Advance care planning (ACP) aims to ensure that people with chronic or advanced disease receive medical care that is consistent with their values and preferences. However, professionals may find it challenging to engage these patients in conversations about the end of life. We sought to develop a pictorial tool to facilitate communication around ACP.

Methods
This was a three-phase study. In phase 1, we used the nominal group and Delphi techniques to achieve expert consensus regarding the conceptual content of the tool. In phase 2, a professional cartoonist was commissioned to create a series of cartoons representing each of the content areas resulting from the Delphi process. The pictorial tool was then administered (phase 3) with a sample of individuals with advanced/chronic disease to explore whether the cartoons were easy to understand and conveyed the intended message.

Results
Following a three-round Delphi process, consensus was reached regarding a set of 12 key content areas that should be considered in the context of an ACP interview. The cartoons created to represent each of the 12 areas were then reviewed and ordered so as to reflect the typical stages of an end-of-life care interview. After administering the pictorial tool with 24 frail older adults with advanced/chronic disease, changes were made to 9 of the 12 cartoons.

Conclusions
The new pictorial tool comprises a set of 12 cartoons that can guide professionals as they seek to engage frail older adults with advanced/chronic disease in conversations about the end of life and ACP.