bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning for predicting cognitive decline within five years in Parkinson’s disease: Comparing cognitive assessment scales with DAT SPECT and clinical biomarkers
Authors: Gorji Arman , Fathi Jouzdani Ali 
Published: July 2024

Objective
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative condition characterized mostly by motor symptoms. Although a wide range of non-motor symptoms (NMS) are frequently experienced by PD patients. One of the important and common NMS is cognitive impairment, which is measured using different cognitive scales. Monitoring cognitive impairment and its decline in PD is essential for patient care and management. In this study, our goal is to identify the most effective cognitive scale in predicting cognitive decline over a 5-year timeframe initializing clinical biomarkers and DAT SPECT.

Methods
Machine Learning has previously shown superior performance in image and clinical data classification and detection. In this study, we propose to use machine learning with different types of data, such as DAT SPECT and clinical biomarkers, to predict PD-CD based on various cognitive scales. We collected 330 DAT SPECT images and their clinical data in baseline, years 2,3,4, and 5 from Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). We then designed a 3D Autoencoder to extract deep radiomic features (DF) from DAT SPECT images, and we then concatenated it with 17 clinical features (CF) to predict cognitive decline based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and The Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS-I).

Results
The utilization of MoCA as a cognitive decline scale yielded better performance in various years compared to MDS-UPDRS-I. In year 4, the application of the deep radiomic feature resulted in the highest achievement, with a cross-validation AUC of 89.28, utilizing the gradient boosting classifier. For the MDS-UPDRS-I scale, the highest achievement was obtained by utilizing the deep radiomic feature, resulting in a cross-validation AUC of 81.34 with the random forest classifier.

Conclusions
The study findings indicate that the MoCA scale may be a more effective predictor of cognitive decline within 5 years compared to MDS-UPDRS-I. Furthermore, deep radiomic features had better performance compared to sole clinical biomarkers or clinical and deep radiomic combined. These results suggest that using the MoCA score and deep radiomic features extracted from DAT SPECT could be a promising approach for identifying individuals at risk for cognitive decline in four years. Future research is needed to validate these findings and explore their utility in clinical practice.
Altered states of consciousness caused by a mindfulness-based programme up to a year later: Results from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Galante Julieta , Montero-Marín Jesús , Vainre Maris , Dufour Géraldine , García-Campayo Javier , Jones Peter B. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) have shown beneficial effects on mental health. There is emerging evidence that MBPs may also be associated with marked deviations in the subjective experience of waking consciousness. We aimed to explore whether MBPs can have a causal role in different types of such states.

Methods
We conducted a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (ACTRN12615001160527). University of Cambridge students without severe mental illness were randomised to an 8-week MBP plus mental health support as usual (SAU), or to SAU alone. We adapted the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (OAV, 0–100-point range) to assess spontaneous experiences in daily life, and included it as a post-hoc secondary outcome at the end of the one-year follow-up questionnaire. Two-part model analyses compared trial arms, and estimated dose-response effects of formal (meditation) and informal (daily activities) mindfulness practice during the year. Sensitivity analyses correcting for multiple comparisons were conducted.

Results
We randomised 670 participants; 205 (33%) completed the OAV. In comparison with SAU, MBP participants experienced unity more frequently and intensively (two-part marginal effect (ME) = 6.26 OAV scale points, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.24, 10.27, p = 0.006, Cohen’s d = 0.33) and disembodiment more frequently (ME = 4.84, 95% CI = 0.86, 8.83, p = 0.019, Cohen’s d = 0.26). Formal practice predicted spiritual, blissful and unity experiences, insightfulness, disembodiment, and changed meanings. Informal practice predicted unity and blissful experiences. Trial arm comparisons and informal practice effects lost significance after corrections for multiple comparisons, but formal practice dose-response effects remained significant.

Conclusions
Results provide a novel suggestion of causal links between mindfulness practice and specific altered states of consciousness. To optimise their impact, practitioners and teachers need to anticipate and handle them appropriately. Future studies need to confirm findings and assess mechanisms and clinical implications.
Gastric Tube Volvulus Occurring Years After Esophagectomy and Its Successful Treatment Via Endoscopic Stenting
Authors: Miller Alexander , Moudgal Rohitha , Dairi Obaida , Adler Jeffrey M. , Rothstein Richard I. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Esophageal cancer is frequently treated with esophagectomy, which is associated with distinct complications. Delayed gastric conduit emptying is a well-recognized complication that usually occurs within the postoperative period. By contrast, gastric tube volvulus is a rarer complication with a more variable time course of onset after esophagectomy and can be mistaken for delayed gastric conduit emptying. We describe the fifth reported case of gastric tube volvulus occurring years after esophagectomy and its successful treatment via endoscopic stenting.
Crohn's Disease Associated With IgA Nephropathy Effectively Treated With the Interleukin-23 Inhibitor Risankizumab
Authors: Larson Charlotte , Munir Naim , Rao Panduranga , Farkash Evan , Kathuria Priya , Romain Dustin , Berinstein Jeffery 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Renal EIMs, including immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), are relatively rare. EIMs are important to consider when developing a treatment plan for IBD. Studies differ on whether IBD disease activity correlates with IgAN disease activity. Published guidance on effective therapies for IBD-associated IgAN is limited. This case report suggests that risankizumab, an effective therapy for Crohn's disease, may also be effective in treating Crohn's disease–associated IgAN.
Poorly Cohesive Carcinoma of the Nonampullary Small Bowel: A Rare Cause of Recurrent Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Lee Brian J. , Guzman Jesus , Padilla Osvaldo , Laks Shaked , Ng Nathaniel , Elhanafi Sherif E. , Badillo Ricardo , Zuckerman Marc J. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Poorly cohesive carcinoma (PCC) is an uncommon neoplasm characterized by tumorous cells exhibiting a lack of adhesion. PCC has been reported rarely in the small intestine other than at the ampulla of Vater. We present a 40-year-old man with recurrent abdominal pain and small bowel obstruction. Imaging revealed an abnormal appearing distal small bowel, with only nonspecific mucosal changes discovered on antegrade and retrograde enteroscopy. On subsequent diagnostic laparoscopy, an ileal mass was found and resected with histopathology showing PCC with signet ring formation. This is an aggressive cancer with a worse prognosis than other small bowel adenocarcinomas.
Sevelamer-Induced Ischemic Enteritis
Authors: Darnell Hannah , Brenner Aaron , Kern Cody , Flomenhoft Deborah , Lee Eun 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Sevelamer, a nonabsorbable dietary phosphate binder, is essential for patients with renal impairment since hyperphosphatemia is associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. Sevelamer is generally well tolerated; however, it is rarely been documented to cause gastrointestinal mucosal injury by forming sevelamer crystals and depositing within the gastrointestinal walls. We present a 35-year-old man with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis who developed abdominal pain and hematochezia. Initial imaging and endoscopic examination were concerning for ischemic enteritis, and histopathology revealed crystalloid structures surrounded by necrosis consistent with sevelamer-induced ischemic enteritis.
Analysis of alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (AAT)‐regulated, glucocorticoid receptor‐dependent genes in macrophages reveals a novel host defense function of AAT
Authors: Bai Xiyuan , Gao Junfeng , Guan Xiaoyu , Narum Drew E. , Fornis Lorelenn B. , Griffith David E. , Gao Bifeng , Sandhaus Robert A. , Huang Hua , Chan Edward D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlpha‐1‐antitrypsin (AAT) plays a homeostatic role in attenuating excessive inflammation and augmenting host defense against microbes. We demonstrated previously that AAT binds to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) resulting in significant anti‐inflammatory and antimycobacterial consequences in macrophages. Our current investigation aims to uncover AAT‐regulated genes that rely on GR in macrophages. We incubated control THP‐1 cells (THP‐1control) and THP‐1 cells knocked down for GR (THP‐1GR‐KD) with AAT, performed bulk RNA sequencing, and analyzed the findings. In THP‐1control cells, AAT significantly upregulated 408 genes and downregulated 376 genes. Comparing THP‐1control and THP‐1GR‐KD cells, 125 (30.6%) of the AAT‐upregulated genes and 154 (41.0%) of the AAT‐downregulated genes were significantly dependent on GR. Among the AAT‐upregulated, GR‐dependent genes, CSF‐2 that encodes for granulocyte‐monocyte colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), known to be host‐protective against nontuberculous mycobacteria, was strongly upregulated by AAT and dependent on GR. We further quantified the mRNA and protein of several AAT‐upregulated, GR‐dependent genes in macrophages and the mRNA of several AAT‐downregulated, GR‐dependent genes. We also discussed the function(s) of selected AAT‐regulated, GR‐dependent gene products largely in the context of mycobacterial infections. In conclusion, AAT regulated several genes that are dependent on GR and play roles in host immunity against mycobacteria.
The effect of endothelin a receptor inhibition and biological sex on cutaneous microvascular function in non‐Hispanic Black and White young adults
Authors: Turner Casey G. , Hayat Matthew J. , Otis Jeffrey S. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Wong Brett J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether endothelin‐A receptor (ETAR) inhibition in non‐Hispanic Black (NHB) and White (NHW) young adults depends on biological sex. We recruited females during low hormone (n = 22) and high hormone (n = 22) phases, and males (n = 22). Participants self‐identified as NHB (n = 33) or NHW (n = 33). Participants were instrumented with two microdialysis fibers: (1) lactated Ringer's (control) and (2) 500 nM BQ‐123 (ETAR antagonist). Local heating was used to elicit cutaneous vasodilation, and an infusion of 20 mM L‐NAME to quantify NO‐dependent vasodilation. At control sites, NO‐dependent vasodilation was lowest in NHB males (46 ± 13 %NO) and NHB females during low hormone phases (47 ± 12 %NO) compared to all NHW groups. Inhibition of ETAR increased NO‐dependent vasodilation in NHB males (66 ± 13 %NO), in both groups of females during low hormone phases (NHW, control: 64 ± 12 %NO, BQ‐123: 85 ± 11 %NO; NHB, BQ‐123: 68 ± 13 %NO), and in NHB females during high hormone phases (control: 61 ± 11 %NO, BQ‐123: 83 ± 9 %NO). There was no effect for ETAR inhibition in NHW males or females during high hormone phases. These data suggest the effect of ETAR inhibition on NO‐dependent vasodilation is influenced by biological sex and racial identity.
Cardioprotective effects of nanoparticles green formulated by Spinacia oleracea extract on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in mice by the determination of PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Xu Zhongyang , Xu Ningyu , Zhang Tingcui , Wang Jing , Wang Xiaoqi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We developed a contemporary cardioprotective medication using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) loaded with Spinacia oleracea to treat isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in mice, focusing on the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway. The physicochemical techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, were employed to characterize the AgNPs. In the in vivo experiment, myocardial infarction was induced in mice by administering ISO subcutaneously at a dose of 40 mg/kg every 12 h for a total of three times. The mice were divided into five groups in a random manner: (1 and 2) ISO + AgNPs at varying doses (10 and 20 μg/mL) and time points; (3) ISO; and (4) control. Following the treatment, cardiac function was assessed through electrocardiogram, as well as biochemical and histochemical analyses. In the study, we examined the inflammatory reactions and cell death in human coronary artery endothelial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The PPAR-γ/NF-κB activation by LPS and the resulting cytokine production were checked using real-time PCR and western blot techniques. The typical ST segment depression in myocardial infarction mice is significantly inhibited by the administration of AgNPs. Additionally, the treatment with AgNPs leads to a significant improvement in ventricular wall infarction, a decrease in mortality rate, and inhibition of myocardial injury marker levels. Furthermore, the application of AgNPs resulted in a decrease in the inflammatory environment within the hearts of mice with myocardial infarction. This effectively prevented the increase in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The gene expression normalization of PPAR-γ/NF-κB/IκB-α/IKKα/β and PPAR-γ phosphorylation could potentially be linked to the advantageous impacts of AgNPs. In the context of an in vitro experiment, the administration of AgNPs demonstrated a notable decrease in cell death and inflammation cytokines expression inhibition. The myocardial infarction mice in the pre + post-ISO group appear to experience more noticeable cardioprotective effects from the treatment with AgNPs than those in the post-ISO group. Our research findings demonstrate that AgNPs possess cardioprotective efficacies in ISO-induced myocardial infarction. This beneficial effect may be attributed to the PPAR-γ activation and the NF-κB signaling inhibition. Consequently, our study presents a novel remedial approach for myocardial infarction treatment in clinical settings.
Transition from machine intelligence to knowledge intelligence: A multi-agent simulation approach to technology transfer
Authors: Gong Shuanglei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The traditional machine intelligence system lacks deep understanding and reasoning ability. This study took the automatic driving system in multi-agent as an example to bring higher-level intelligence and decision-making ability to automatic driving through knowledge intelligence. It obtained real-world geographic information data from OpenStreetMap, preprocessed the data, and built a virtual environment. The inception model was used to identify information in environmental images, and the knowledge information of traffic regulations, road signs, and traffic accidents was expressed to build a knowledge map. The knowledge related to automatic driving was integrated, and automatic driving training was carried out through the reward mechanism and the deep Q-network (DQN) model. About 13 kinds of traffic situations were set up in the virtual environment, and the traditional machine intelligence autonomous driving and knowledge fusion autonomous driving multi-agent were compared. The results show that the average number of accidents in 100,000 km of traditional machine intelligence autonomous driving and knowledge fusion autonomous driving multi-agents was 3 and 1.4, and the average number of violations in 100,000 km was 4.3 and 1.8, respectively. The average graphics processing unit (GPU) utilization rate of knowledge fusion autonomous driving in 13 virtual environments was 75.9%, and the average peak GPU utilization rate was 96.1%. Knowledge fusion of autonomous driving multi-agents can effectively improve the safety of autonomous driving and enable autonomous driving multi-agents to have a higher level of decision-making ability.
Electrocutions as an important cause of mortality for a mesocarnivore
Authors: Balmori-de la Puente Alfonso , Balmori Alfonso 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this work, we have analysed the different causes of admissions of stone martens (Martes foina), genets (Genetta genetta) and pine martens (Martes martes) in two rehabilitation centres in Castilla y León (Spain) during 32 years (1991–2022). The results indicate that the most important factor for stone martens was road kills with 227 martens (53.4 %) followed by electrocutions with 90 martens (21.2 %). From genets, 94 of them (68.6 %) were due to roadkill and 7 (5.1 %) were due to electrocution. The most important cause of admission for pine martens was road kills with 22 (88 %) and 1 (4 %) due to electrocution. Possible explanations for the observed high mortality of stone martens in electric pylons are discussed.
Novel insights into red deer (Cervus elaphus) habitat use and suitability in human-dominated versus near-natural landscapes
Authors: Willisch Christian S. , Bieri Willisch Katrin , Boldt Andreas , Magun Bettina , Marreros Nelson , Struch Mark , Tschan Marcel , Pisano Simone R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Red deer populations, once extirpated in large parts of Europe, have recovered over the last century in many regions. In Switzerland, primarily inhabiting mountain forests, they have recently started to expand into human-dominated lowland landscapes. To study their habitat selection, we analyzed day- and nighttime positions of 15 GPS-collared red deer. Our results show that during daytime, all animals generally preferred forests; open land was mainly used at night. In summer and fall, some lowland individuals deviated from this pattern and used agricultural crops as daytime retreats. Human settlements were often avoided in the lowlands. Day-site selection in the lowlands occurred irrespective of the distance to trails and the probability of being accessed by humans, in contrast to the pattern observed in the mountains. At night, red deer preferred forest edges and open land. In the lowlands, human settlements were avoided. Trails and transport infrastructures had a marginal influence at night. Our study confirmed a high behavioral plasticity of red deer. The use of daytime retreats close to trails and in high-standing crops represent major extensions of their behavior. Our habitat models indicate that there is ample suitable habitat in the lowlands, which is of major relevance for their management.
Southernmost occurrence of Cuniculus paca (Rodentia, Cuniculidae): new Argentinean localities based on vouchers
Authors: Cuellar Soto Erika , Krauczuk Ernesto R. , Pardiñas Ulyses F.J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Limited vouchered records exist for Cuniculus paca, the second-largest living caviomorph rodent, documenting its southernmost occurrence. Here, we introduce four new recording sites based on skulls probably discarded by local hunters, with three located in Misiones Province and the fourth marking the first supported evidence in the neighboring Corrientes Province in Argentina. The data remains inconclusive as to whether the latter location signifies a southern expansion of this rodent due to climate change or simply an overlooked population that has long been established. Regardless, these findings underscore the importance of increased fieldwork and specimen collection.
The Social Enterprise Craze: CSO Financial Sustainability in Ghana
Authors: Oeding Noemí , Newby Kara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As a relatively stable democracy, Ghana has long been a popular country for international donors. However, recent changes in its classification by the World Bank and government proclamations have led to a reduction in foreign aid, forcing Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) to confront the financial sustainability of their organizations. In this study, we test the typology proposed by Arhin et al. (2018. “Facing the Bullet? Non-Governmental Organisations’ (NGOs’) Responses to the Changing Aid Landscape in Ghana.” Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 29 (2): 348–60) which finds that CSOs in Ghana are using six different strategies to work toward financial sustainability. Based on an original survey of 42 CSOs, our findings indicate an almost exclusive focus on income generation in the form of social enterprises. The challenges this poses to the sector are discussed.
Differential study on the thermal–physical properties of metal and its oxide nanoparticle-formed nanofluids: Molecular dynamics simulation investigation of argon-based nanofluids
Authors: Li Chenghang , Luo Zhumei , Qing Shan , Huang Haoming , Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The influence of nanoparticle shape, volume fraction, and temperature on the thermal properties of nanofluids plays a pivotal role in engineering applications. However, there remains a considerable lack of systematic research comprehensively considering these factors to study the similarities and differences in the thermal properties of nanofluids composed of metals and their oxides and to conduct in-depth analyses of their internal mechanisms and characteristics. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted, employing reversing perturbation non-equilibrium molecular dynamics and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics methods. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of Al–Ar and Al2O3–Ar nanofluids were thoroughly investigated under the various influencing factors. Results reveal that under identical conditions, the thermal conductivity of Al–Ar nanofluid surpasses that of Al2O3–Ar nanofluid, exemplified by values such as 0.1832 W/m K (Al–Ar, 1.5%, cylinder, 86 K) versus 0.17745 W/m K (Al2O3–Ar, 1.5%, cylinder, 86 K). Furthermore, the viscosity of Al–Ar nanofluid is lower than that of Al2O3–Ar nanofluid, demonstrated by values such as 0.0004882 Pa S (Al–Ar nanofluid, 86 K, 2.5%, platelets) compared to 0.008975 Pa S (Al2O3–Ar nanofluid, 86 K, 2.5%, platelets). Subsequently, this study analyzed the difference in thermal conductivity between the two nanofluids from the perspective of microscale interface heat conduction by comparing the phonon density of states curves of Al, Ar, and Al2O3 in the two nanofluids for overlap. Subsequently, through radial distribution function analysis, the viscosity difference between Al–Ar and Al2O3–Ar nanofluids is explained based on nanofluid–solid interface and microstructural considerations. This research addresses the comprehensive lack of comparative studies on the thermal properties of nanofluids formed by metals and their oxides. The internal mechanisms underlying the thermal property differences of nanofluids formed by metals and their oxides were revealed from a microscopic perspective, which holds significant implications for the engineering applications of nanofluids.