bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Approach for Rotational Dyssynchrony Using Three‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Lee Yasuharu , Mori Naoki , Nakamura Daisuke , Yoshimura Takahiro , Taniike Masayuki , Makino Nobuhiko , Kato Hiroyasu , Egami Yasuyuki , Shutta Ryu , Tanouchi Jun , Yamada Yoshio , Nishino Masami 
Published: October 2013

Left ventricular (LV) twist can be evaluated using two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) by analyzing difference between apical and basal rotation. However, it is unable to evaluate global rotational dyssynchrony because it cannot assess mid‐wall rotation. Recently developed three‐dimensional STE (3DSTE) can investigate LV global rotational dyssynchrony. In this study, we investigated the role of torsion on the long‐term effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using 3DSTE. We evaluated 43 patients by 3DSTE: 12 CRT responders, 14 CRT nonresponders, and 17 healthy normal controls. Regional torsion and rotation were assessed using 3DSTE across 16 segments during CRT‐off (native conduction) and CRT‐on. The following parameters were calculated: global peak twist, Δ global peak twist (difference between CRT‐on and CRT‐off), and torsion delay index. The torsion delay index was considered to be the rotational energy lost by rotational dyssynchrony. Global peak twist did not show significant differences between the responders and nonresponders during CRT‐off (4.0 ± 3.4° vs. 2.8 ± 2.3°, P = 0.295), but it significantly improved in responders compared to nonresponders after CRT‐on (5.4 ± 3.5° vs. 2.6 ± 2.6°, P = 0.029). The torsion delay index during CRT‐off was significantly higher in responders compared to nonresponders and normal controls (18.5 ± 11.3 vs. 8.6 ± 3.8 and 7.8 ± 5.5, P = 0.010 and P = 0.004, respectively). The torsion delay index during CRT‐off significantly correlated with the Δ global peak twist (r = 0.503, P = 0.009). Improvement in LV global peak twist, which is one of the mechanisms for the long‐term effects of CRT correlated with the torsion delay index during native conduction that can only be calculated by 3DSTE.
Moral Pluralism and Sex Education
Authors: Corngold Josh 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHow should common schools in a liberal pluralist society approach sex education in the face of deep disagreement about sexual morality? Should they eschew sex education altogether? Should they narrow its focus to facts about biology, reproduction, and disease prevention? Should they, in addition to providing a broad palette of information about sex, attempt to cover a range of alternative views about sexual morality in a “value‐neutral” manner? Should they seek to impart a “thick” conception of sexual morality, which precisely articulates how individuals should lead their sexual lives? In this essay, Josh Corngold cautions against the adoption of each of these various approaches. He argues that schools should instead adopt an “autonomy‐promoting” approach, which will aim to empower students, cognitively and emotionally, to exercise sovereignty over their own sexuality.
The Aims of Sex Education: Demoting Autonomy and Promoting Mutuality
Authors: McAvoy Paula 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this essay, Paula McAvoy critiques a commonly held view that teaching young people to be good choice makers should be a central aim of sex education. Specifically, she argues against David Archard's recommendation that sex educators ought to focus on the development of autonomy and teaching young people that “choice should be accorded the central role in the legitimation of sexual conduct.” Instead, McAvoy argues that under conditions of gender inequality this view advantages boys and disadvantages girls. Juxtaposing a case of a culturally arranged marriage with a spring break scene from Ariel Levy's Female Chauvinist Pigs: Women and the Rise of Raunch Culture, McAvoy shows that focusing on sexual choice making obscures and reifies the unequal social conditions that young people navigate. She concludes by suggesting an alternative that is in line with Sharon Lamb's argument in “Just the Facts? The Separation of Sex Education from Moral Education” that intimate encounters are better governed by attending to our ethical obligations to others.
Shall we delay teaching characters in teaching Chinese as a foreign language?
Authors: Ye Lijuan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe study explored when characters were introduced as part of first‐year Chinese as a foreign language courses as well as students' and instructors' beliefs and rationales within the context of postsecondary programs in the United States. Data were collected through a large‐scale online survey of 914 students and 192 instructors. Results indicated that the majority of Chinese programs did not delay teaching characters. Most instructors and students believed that the best time point to introduce characters was near the beginning of the first semester. However, after they were presented with reasons for and against delaying the introduction of characters, both instructors and students showed a significant increase in support for delaying character introduction. Native and nonnative Chinese instructors expressed similar preferences for an ideal time point to teach Chinese characters, but students at different instructional levels expressed significantly different beliefs regarding the ideal time point at which to begin learning Chinese characters.
Tracing carbon sources in small urbanising streams: catchment‐scale stormwater drainage overwhelms the effects of reach‐scale riparian vegetation
Authors: Imberger Samantha J. , Cook Perran L. M. , Grace Michael R. , Thompson Ross M. 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Organic matter provides energy and nutrients to aquatic systems. Alterations to its sources and processing have repercussions for water quality and food‐web stability and structure. Despite worldwide recognition of the impacts of urbanisation, there is limited understanding of the relative importance of catchment‐scale urban stormwater drainage connection and reach‐scale riparian vegetation on organic matter sources.

We investigated the effects of catchment‐scale urban stormwater drainage connection and reach‐scale riparian vegetation cover on organic matter sources in small streams. Using stable isotopes and elemental ratios (i.e. δ13C, δ15N and C : N), we traced the origin of microbially respired carbon and standing stocks of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), suspended particulate organic matter (POM) and benthic coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM).

Catchment‐scale urban stormwater drainage connection significantly increased the contribution of labile organic matter to POM and DOC standing stocks. Greater POM lability was a product of increased inputs of autochthonous organic matter in more heavily urbanised streams, although the origin of labile DOC was less clear.

While reach‐scale riparian vegetation was the most likely source of the terrestrially dominated CPOM observed across most sites, increasing cover had no significant effect on the origin of POM or DOC standing stocks. We conclude that catchment‐scale stormwater drainage impacts overwhelm the effects of reach‐scale riparian vegetation on the sources and lability of POM and DOC in small streams.

Our results suggest that the protection or restoration of riparian vegetation, in the absence of modifications to catchment‐scale stormwater drainage connection, is insufficient to mitigate the effects of urbanisation on organic matter sources, lability and processing in these small streams.
Multi‐decadal range changes vs. thermal adaptation for north east Atlantic oceanic copepods in the face of climate change
Authors: Hinder Stephanie L. , Gravenor Mike B. , Edwards Martin , Ostle Clare , Bodger Owen G. , Lee Patricia L. M. , Walne Antony W. , Hays Graeme C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPopulations may potentially respond to climate change in various ways including moving to new areas or alternatively staying where they are and adapting as conditions shift. Traditional laboratory and mesocosm experiments last days to weeks and thus only give a limited picture of thermal adaptation, whereas ocean warming occurring over decades allows the potential for selection of new strains better adapted to warmer conditions. Evidence for adaptation in natural systems is equivocal. We used a 50‐year time series comprising of 117 056 samples in the NE Atlantic, to quantify the abundance and distribution of two particularly important and abundant members of the ocean plankton (copepods of the genus Calanus) that play a key trophic role for fisheries. Abundance of C. finmarchicus, a cold‐water species, and C. helgolandicus, a warm‐water species, were negatively and positively related to sea surface temperature (SST) respectively. However, the abundance vs. SST relationships for neither species changed over time in a manner consistent with thermal adaptation. Accompanying the lack of evidence for thermal adaptation there has been an unabated range contraction for C. finmarchicus and range expansion for C. helgolandicus. Our evidence suggests that thermal adaptation has not mitigated the impacts of ocean warming for dramatic range changes of these key species and points to continued dramatic climate induced changes in the biology of the oceans.
A study of clinical profiles of vitiligo in different ages: an analysis of 669 outpatients
Authors: de Barros Juliano Cesar , Filho Carlos D'Apparecida Santos Machado , Abreu Luiz Carlosde , de Barros Jefferson Alfredo , Paschoal Francisco Macedo , Nomura Mariliza Tiemi , Marques Elaine , Martins Lourdes Conceição 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroductionVitiligo is a skin disorder characterized by achromic macules (white) on the skin and/or mucous membranes, which affects 0.5–2% of the population. Few publications address a vitiligo epidemiological profile worldwide. In Brazil there are only studies in children.ObjectiveTo assess the clinical and epidemiological profile of individuals affected by vitiligo and to evaluate behavior of the disease in different age groups.Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional study in 669 patients with vitiligo from January 2001 to May 2006, who attended the Faculty of Medicine of ABC, located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil.ResultsThere was a predominance of females (62.2%) and adult age group (62.5%), with higher prevalence peaks between the second and third decades of life (18.3% and 16.9%, respectively). The most frequent phototype in skin was III (49.9%). Lesions began on the face most commonly in children and adolescents (32.6%) and the elderly (23.3%), and on hands in adults (24.0%). There was a higher prevalence of segmental vitiligo in children and adolescents (36.4%), compared with adults (11.3%) and the elderly (6.7%), and vitiligo with stable evolution was proportionately more frequent in childhood and adolescents (46.2%) than in adults (32.5%) and elderly (36.7%).ConclusionsOur findings are similar to other countries, mainly regarding the higher prevalence of segmental vitiligo and vitiligo with stable development among children and adolescents.
Diffuse dermal melanocytosis in two patients with Sandhoff disease and mucopolysaccharidosis VI
Authors: Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza , Tavasoli Alireza , Shiva Shadi , Parvaneh Nima , Tamizifar Banafshe 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDermal melanocytosis (DM) is described as the presence of ectopic melanocytes in the dermis and could be a normal cutaneous finding. However, diffuse DM or extensive Mongolian spots must be considered as an early sign of neurometabolic diseases, in particular lysosomal storage disorders. The presence of extensive DM should alert the physician to the presence of such disorders, making early diagnosis possible. We describe for the first time the presence of DM in two patients with Sandhoff disease and mucopolysaccharidosis VI.
Peripheral T‐cell lymphoma mimicking 5‐aminosalicylate hypersensitivity in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kong L. M. , Fok K. C. , Tsui A. , Qian C. , Fisher L. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract5‐aminosalicylates (5‐ASA) remain an important strategy in the induction and maintenance of remission of inflammatory bowel diseases especially in ulcerative colitis. The prototypical drug of this class, sulfasalazine is generally well tolerated with severe hypersensitivity reactions and hepatotoxicity also described within the literature. When approaching a patient with an adverse reaction to 5‐ASA, it can be difficult to differentiate clinically between a sulfa allergy versus a 5‐ASA allergy versus a malignancy. We report on a case with initial signs and symptoms suggestive of a sulfa/5‐ASA allergy that was subsequently found to be malignant in nature.
Prolonged vitamin D intoxication: presentation, pathogenesis and progress
Authors: Bell D. A. , Crooke M. J. , Hay N. , Glendenning P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractVitamin D toxicity from unactivated vitamin D (calciferol) therapy is currently a rare cause of hypercalcaemia. However, the frequency of this event may increase as high‐dose unactivated vitamin D preparations become available. Prolonged vitamin D toxicity can cause reversible hypercalcaemia and partially reversible renal impairment. Parathyroid hormone may not be suppressed with unactivated vitamin D toxicity, especially if renal disease coexists.
A dynamic programming based local search approach for the double traveling salesman problem with multiple stacks
Authors: Urrutia Sebastián , Milanés Anolan , Løkketangen Arne 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe double traveling salesman problem with multiple stacks consists in determining a pair of routes (pickup and delivery) for a unique vehicle in two different and disjoint networks. It models a realistic transportation problem with loading/unloading constraints imposed by having a set of last‐in‐first‐out (LIFO) stacks used for storing the goods being transported. The arrangement of the items in the container determines the loading plan that in terms constrains both routes. In this paper, we propose a novel local search approach. The local search heuristic is applied to the loading plan instead of working directly on the routes. A dynamic programming algorithm is used to map the loading plan solution into corresponding optimal routes. Computational results show that the proposed approach is competitive with state‐of‐the‐art heuristics for the problem.
PriEsT: an interactive decision support tool to estimate priorities from pairwise comparison judgments
Authors: Siraj Sajid , Mikhailov Ludmil , Keane John A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPairwise comparison (PC) is a well‐established method to assist decision makers (DMs) in estimating their preferences. This paper considers the rationale, design, and evaluation of an open‐source priority estimation tool, PriEsT, which has been developed to offer new features related to the PC method. PriEsT is able to assist DMs in interactively identifying and revising their judgments based on different consistency measures and graphical aids. When inconsistency cannot be improved due to practical limitations, PriEsT offers a wide range of Pareto‐optimal solutions based on multiobjective optimization, unlike other tools that offer only a single solution. DMs have the flexibility to select any of these nondominated solutions according to their requirements. The features of PriEsT have been demonstrated and evaluated through its application to a real‐world case study: the selection of the most appropriate telecom infrastructure for rural areas. This case study using PriEsT has highlighted the presence of intransitive judgments in the acquired data, and the correction of these judgments has led to a different ranking of the available alternatives.
LA‐ICP‐MS Analysis of Small Samples: Carbonate Reference Materials and Larval Fish Otoliths
Authors: Lazartigues Angélique V. , Sirois Pascal , Savard Dany 
Published: October 2013

This article proposes a methodology to analyse the composition of very small carbonate samples such as larval fish otoliths. The chemical composition of otoliths, which are carbonate structures in the inner ear, is often used to explore population dynamics in fishes. Recent advances in laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry have suggested its potential application to this field. In this study, analyses were performed using a 193 nm ArF Resonetics LA system, coupled to an Agilent 7700X‐ICP‐MS, with the following ablation parameters: a beam diameter of 5 μm, energy of 3 mJ, 2.7 J cm−2, laser repetition rate of 10 Hz and translation speed of 2.5 μm s−1. NIST SRM 610 glass was used as the primary calibration material. Performing this protocol, characterisation of a USGS GP‐4 reference material was achieved with suitable precision and accuracy, but the USGS MACS‐3 reference material appeared more heterogeneous under the ablation conditions tested. Calibration was performed using two different beam diameters (5 and 11 μm). Capelin (Mallotus villosus) otoliths measuring between 10 and 20 μm in diameter were tested. Even though a smaller beam diameter and lower energy were used compared with those normally employed to analyse larger otoliths, the method was successful.
Enhanced Activation Energy of Crystallization of Pure Zirconia Nanopowders Prepared via an Efficient Way of Synthesis Using NaBH4
Authors: Nayak Nadiya B. , Nayak Bibhuti B. , Mondal Aparna 
Published: October 2013

An efficient way through borohydride synthesis route using NaBH4 was performed to prepare pure zirconia nanopowders via three different conditions such as gelation, precipitation, and constant pH. Zirconia powders prepared through constant pH route show highest activation energy of crystallization (Ea = 260 kJ/mol) or higher exothermic peak temperature (717°C), when compared with gelation or precipitation route due to its controlled growth of smaller crystallites. The released huge amount of H2 gas bubbles during borohydride synthesis via constant pH route play a major role for formation of loose smaller crystallites and thus enhances the activation energy of crystallization of pure zirconia. So, the as‐prepared zirconia powders prepared through constant pH route remain amorphous up to 600°C and pure t‐ZrO2 (~20 nm) was stable up to 800°C.
Acne is an inflammatory disease and alterations of sebum composition initiate acne lesions
Authors: Zouboulis C.C. , Jourdan E. , Picardo M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHyperseborrhoea has been considered as a major aetiopathogenetic factor of acne. However, changes in sebaceous gland activity not only correlate with seborrhoea but also with alterations in sebum fatty acid composition. Current findings indicate that sebum lipid fractions with proinflammatory properties and inflammatory tissue cascades are associated in the process of the development of acne lesions. The oxidant/antioxidant ratio of the skin surface lipids and alterations of lipid composition are the main players in the induction of acne inflammation. Nutrition may influence the development of seborrhoea, the fractions of sebum lipids and acne. Acne is an inflammatory disease probably triggered, among others, by proinflammatory sebum lipid fractions.
In Vitro Effect of Antifungal Fractions from the Plants Baccharis glutinosa and Jacquinia macrocarpa on Chitin and β‐1,3‐Glucan Hydrolysis of Maize Phytopathogenic Fungi and on the Fungal β‐1,3‐Glucanase and Chitinase Activities
Authors: Buitimea‐Cantúa Génesis Vidal , Rosas‐Burgos Ema Carina , Cinco‐Moroyoqui Francisco Javier , Burgos‐Hernández Armando , Plascencia‐Jatomea Maribel , Cortez‐Rocha Mario Onofre , Gálvez‐Ruiz Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBaccharis glutinosa and Jacquinia macrocarpa are medicinal plants whose antifungal activity has been observed on maize phytopathogenic fungi. However, the specific site where those compounds act has not been studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the hydrolytic effect of antifungal fractions from B. glutinosa (BgF) and J. macrocarpa (JmF) on β‐glucan and chitin isolated from Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides, as well as their inhibition activity on the fungal hydrolases β‐glucanase and chitinase. The antifungal fractions did not show β‐1,3‐glucanase activity, instead, they showed chitinase activity against polymeric extracts from fungi. None of the antifungal fractions inhibited the chitinase activity of the fungi. However, both BgF and JmF antifungal fractions inhibited fungal β‐1,3‐glucanase activity acting as competitive inhibitors. It is possible that the antifungal fractions inhibit the β‐1,3‐glucanase activity affecting β‐1,3‐glucan synthesis, causing the production of a defective cell wall. These defects in the cell wall may allow the antifungal fractions to hydrolyze chitin causing delay in fungal growth.Practical ApplicationsStudies have proved that plants are one of the major sources for drug discovery and development, because plant‐derived drugs have been reported to be safe and with no side effects. B. glutinosa and J. macrocarpa are plants used in traditional medicine by native people of Mexico, and their antifungal activity has been observed against mycotoxigenic fungi commonly associated with maize and other cereal grains. Although the effect on hyphae and spores suggests the interaction between the antifungal fractions and the fungal cell walls, as far as we know, there are no studies designed to elucidate the mode of action and the specific site of the cell wall where those compounds act. The results obtained in the present study suggest the presence of chitinase activity and a β‐1,3‐glucanase inhibitor found together in the antifungal fractions, which makes them a potential valuable alternative to synthetic fungicides for protecting maize and other cereal grains from fungal contamination.
Styling the periphery: Linguistic and cultural takeup in Bangladesh and Mongolia
Authors: Sultana Shaila , Dovchin Sender , Pennycook Alastair 
Published: October 2013

Focusing on online interactions among young adults in Bangladesh and Mongolia – two countries located politically, culturally and economically on the Asian periphery – this paper looks at how young adults use linguistic and cultural resources in their online interactions as part of a complex and emergent stylization of place. On the one hand, they appropriate the cultural and linguistic flows according to their locations and engage in a playful stylization and reconfiguration of what the local means. On the other hand, they engage in stylization and reflexive language use, often involving exaggerated linguistic variation, mixing, and other semiotic resources in order to produce and perform a range of social and cultural identities. The paper hence shows how the circulation and takeup of popular cultural flows around Asia can involve diverse processes of linguistic and cultural stylization.