bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital brain anomalies and chromosomal aberrations from the Zagreb Collection of human brains
Authors: Krušlin Božo , Džombeta Tihana , Bezjak Miran , Sedmak Goran , Petanjek Zdravko , Šimić Goran , Judaš Miloš , Kostović Ivica 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Zagreb Collection of developing and adult human brains consists of approximately 1,300 brains of fetuses, children and adults that were collected following routine autopsies in the period from 1974 to 2014. The collection comprises brains of different normal developmental stages that may serve for investigation of normal human brain development. Previous studies on this material have led to several important contributions on human cortical development, such as the discovery of the transient fetal subplate zone. The Zagreb Collection, however, also contains approximately 100 brains with different anomalies including chromosomal aberrations such as Down syndrome. We have analyzed all the available material from the Zagreb Collection and identified 44 brains of fetuses and children with Down syndrome, 10 with Patau syndrome, 6 with Edwards syndrome as well as 7 holoprosencephalic, 7 hydrocephalic and 4 microcephalic brains. The largest part of the Collection is available for further research using modern genetic, immunocytochemical and imaging methods, especially magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, the histological slides from the Zagreb Collection are currently being digitally scanned and made available as virtual slides to general scientific audience. The Zagreb Collection represents unique and versatile resource for the future study of normal and abnormal human brain development.
Relating motor and cognitive interventions in animals and humans
Authors: Carruthers Kadir , Zampieri Cris , Damiano Diane 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCognition and motor performance are essential components of human functioning. Recent research has provided evidence that these two domains are more interrelated than previously thought. This is a potentially important area of research with many questions that warrant further exploration and have practical implications to the field of neurological rehabilitation. In this review of literature we included animals and humans in healthy conditions as well as pathological conditions affecting the central nervous system. Our primary goal was to comprehensively review the relevant basic science and clinical literature on the effects of motor interventions on cognitive function and vice versa. We found more evidence supporting positive effects of exercise on cognition than effects of cognitive training on motor function. In addition, we examined the extent to which findings from animal literature have been or can be translated to humans. We found that, with the exception of one study in monkeys, most animal studies which investigate rodents are somewhat challenging to translate to human studies, independent of the intervention employed. It is difficult to find a human parallel to exercise in rodents, because both the voluntary and forced exercise paradigms used in rodents happen in a different context than humans. In addition it is difficult to find an animal parallel to cognitive training in humans, because the environmental enrichment intervention cannot be considered “purely” cognitive stimulation as it also involves sensory, motor and social components. We conclude the review by suggesting avenues for future research and intervention strategies.
The function of offset neurons in auditory information processing
Authors: Xu Na , Fu Zi-Ying , Chen Qi-Cai 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOffset neurons which respond to the termination of the sound stimulation may play important roles in auditory temporal information processing, sound signal recognition, and complex distinction. Two additional possible mechanisms were reviewed: neural inhibition and the intrinsic conductance property of offset neuron membranes. The underlying offset response was postulated to be located in the superior paraolivary nucleus of mice. The biological significance of the offset neurons was discussed as well.
Los Estudios de Traducción desde una perspectiva sociológica o la “caja de herramientas” bourdieusiana
Authors: Folica Laura 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article approaches Pierre Bourdieu’ sociology and his contributions to Translation Studies. We will look at some theoretical notions developed by Bourdieu in his sociology of knowledge as well as at his social theory regarding the researcher’s reflexivity towards himself and his object. Then we will put these notions to test in a specific research about translation developed by the Canadian traductologist Jean-Marc Goaunvic, who analyses the reception of science-fiction in postwar France.
Autour d’un échange inégal : contes roumains en français vs. contes français en roumain
Authors: Pelea Alina 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Our paper aims at illustrating the inequality of languages and cultures, highlighted, among others, by Itamar Evan-Zohar and the laws of literary interference, by Pascale Casanova, who uses Bourdieu’s concepts of dominant and dominated and applies them to languages and literatures, and by Yves Gambier, who speaks of asymmetry. The specific case of the editorial context of fairy tales translated between the Romanian and French cultural spaces can provide information about the inextricable link between translation and the socio-political and historical context.
Une facette méconnue du travail des traducteurs
Authors: Léchauguette Sophie 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Some knowledge of the publishers’ strategy is useful for understanding the translation process. Besides literary translators, the publishing industry uses translators whose specialty is hardly known. There is therefore no specific training in this area, yet. This paper presents their work and suggests the introduction of courses in intersemiotic translation. Such courses would help translators specialising in the non literary sector of the publishing industry to deal with the layout of the book, insofar as it bears on the translation process. This paper also hopes to convince the layman to revisit the image of this profession and thus to better appreciate the work of all translators.
Rheumatoid Arthritis is Associated with IgG Antibodies to Human Endogenous Retrovirus Gag Matrix: A Potential Pathogenic Mechanism of Disease?
Authors: Nelson Paul N. , Roden Denise , Nevill Alan , Freimanis Graham L. , Trela Malgorzata , Ejtehadi Hora Davari , Bowman Simon , Axford John , Veitch Andy M. , Tugnet Nicola , Rylance Paul B. 
Published: September 2014

Objective.Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)-K10 has been implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A secondary immune response to this virus might suggest an antigen-driven response in patients. The Gag region of HERV-K10 could provide a key epitope important for immunological reactivity. We investigated the presence of IgG antibodies to this region and assessed its significance in RA.Methods.We determined an antigenic peptide on the matrix segment of HERV-K10 and developed an ELISA system to detect IgG antibodies in patients with RA and controls. The presence of antibodies to the matrix peptide (denoted as MAG1: RIGKELKQAGRKGNI) was correlated with patient details.Results.On screening patients’ serum, we found a significantly higher mean IgG antibody response to MAG1 in 30 patients with RA as compared to 23 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (p = 0.003), 29 patients with osteoarthritis (p = 0.001), and 43 healthy individuals (p = 0.002). Reactivity was not observed to a control peptide possessing a nonhomologous amino acid sequence. On evaluating clinical details with serological activity, no correlation with disease duration (p = 0.128), sex (p = 0.768), or rheumatoid factor status (p = 0.576) was found.Conclusion.A significantly elevated IgG antibody response to an HERV-K10 Gag matrix peptide was observed in patients with RA, suggesting that the exposure of HERV-K10 may cause a secondary, antigenic driven immune response in RA.
A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study of 2 Dosing Regimens of Fostamatinib in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis with an Inadequate Response to a Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Antagonist
Authors: Genovese Mark C. , van der Heijde Désirée M. , Keystone Edward C. , Spindler Alberto J. , Benhamou Claude , Kavanaugh Arthur , Fudman Edward , Lampl Kathy , O’Brien Chris , Duffield Emma L. , Poiley Jeffrey , Weinblatt Michael E. 
Published: September 2014

Objective.Our 24-week study (NCT01197755; OSKIRA-3) compared the efficacy and safety of fostamatinib versus placebo in patients taking background methotrexate treatment with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to a single tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist.Methods.Adult patients were randomized (1:1:1) to fostamatinib [100 mg bid for 24 weeks (n = 105; Group A)], or 100 mg bid for 4 weeks, then 150 mg qd (n = 108; Group B), or to placebo (n = 110; Group C) for 24 weeks. Nonresponders at Week 12 could enter a longterm extension study. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving an American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) response at Week 24.Results.Baseline characteristics were well balanced. Significantly more patients in fostamatinib Group A (36.2%; p = 0.004), but not B (27.8%; p = 0.168), achieved ACR20 at Week 24 versus placebo (21.1%). Frequently reported adverse events were diarrhea, hypertension, and headache. Elevated blood pressure (≥ 140/90 mm Hg) at ≥ 1 visit was observed in 46.7%, 51.9%, and 26.6% of patients, respectively. There were 2 deaths in the study, 1 in Group B and 1 in the placebo group.Conclusion.Fostamatinib 100 mg bid, but not fostamatinib 100 mg bid for 4 weeks then 150 mg qd, achieved statistical improvements in ACR20 at 24 weeks versus placebo. Because of efficacy and safety results from the phase III clinical program, the companies developing fostamatinib have decided not to study it further in RA at this time.
Regulation of the Th1 Genomic Locus from Ifng through Tmevpg1 by T-bet
Authors: Collier Sarah P. , Henderson Melodie A. , Tossberg John T. , Aune Thomas M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), critical regulators of protein-coding genes, are likely to be coexpressed with neighboring protein-coding genes in the genome. How the genome integrates signals to achieve coexpression of lncRNA genes and neighboring protein-coding genes is not well understood. The lncRNA Tmevpg1 (NeST, Ifng-AS1) is critical for Th1-lineage–specific expression of Ifng and is coexpressed with Ifng. In this study, we show that T-bet guides epigenetic remodeling of Tmevpg1 proximal and distal enhancers, leading to recruitment of stimulus-inducible transcription factors, NF-κB and Ets-1, to the locus. Activities of Tmevpg1-specific enhancers and Tmevpg1 transcription are dependent upon NF-κB. Thus, we propose that T-bet stimulates epigenetic remodeling of Tmevpg1-specific enhancers and Ifng-specific enhancers to achieve Th1-lineage–specific expression of Ifng.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Blood Donors toward Blood Donation
Authors: Sachdev Suchet , Das Karobi , LNU Geetanjali , Kaur Baljeet , Singh Charan Inder , Nongbri Daiamonlang 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Aim
To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of blood donors toward blood donation and to find out association of knowledge and attitude with selected demographic variables.

Materials and methods
A total of sixty (60) subjects were selected using purposive sampling technique. The knowledge, attitude, and expressed practice questionnaire, was devised and construct and content validated before usage. The study was conducted at the Department of Transfusion Medicine of a tertiary level Institute from northern India during the year 2011-2012. Paper and pencil technique was used to collect the data.

Results
Analysis of data collected revealed that 23 (38.4%) of the participants had good knowledge, 21 (35%) had average knowledge, 12 (20%) had excellent knowledge and only few 04 (6.6%) had poor level of knowledge regarding blood donation. Mean of the knowledge score was 6.21 ± 2.3 and the mean percentage was 51.8%. Assessment of attitude revealed that majority of the participants had a strongly favorable attitude toward blood donation. Assessment of practices showed that majority 45 (75%) of the donors had donated blood for almost five times. Nearly half 28 (46.7%) of the donors donated blood only when they were asked for and more than half 32 (53.3%) of donors started donating blood when they were in age group of 21 to 30 years. Regarding reasons for blood donation, exactly half 30 (50%) of them donated due to altruism, and all the donors (100%) were willing to do so in future. The demographic variables like education and occupation were found to be associated with level of knowledge and attitude toward blood donation.

Conclusion
The findings of the study revealed that blood donors had good knowledge and a positive attitude toward blood donation but majority of individuals were not donating blood regularly as volunteers.

How to cite this article
Das K, Geetanjali, Sachdev S, Kaur B, Singh CI, Nongbri D. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Blood Donors toward Blood Donation. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):123-127.
Primary Vaginismus and Associated Phobia: Successful Treatment with Behavior Therapy
Authors: Singh Vinita , Padhy Susanta Kumar , Sahoo Manoj Kumar , Biswas Harshita 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To report two cases of primary vaginismus with associated phobia, successfully treated with behavior therapy.

Results
In our two reports, we describe the successful treatment of vaginismus with associated phobias using behavioral therapy. The behavioral approach involved psycho education, graded exposure, relaxation therapy and systematic desensitization.

Conclusion
The report demonstrates a successful approach toward managing vaginismus and associated phobias in a clinical setting.

How to cite this article
Sahoo MK, Biswas H, Singh V, Padhy SK. Primary Vaginismus and Associated Phobia: Successful Treatment with Behavior Therapy. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):151-153.
PEROXIDE CROSS-LINKING OF EPDM USING MOVING DIE RHEOMETER MEASUREMENTS. I: EFFECTS OF THE THIRD MONOMER CONCENTRATION AND PEROXIDE CONTENT
Authors: Wang He , Ding Ying , Zhao Shugao , Wrana Claus 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
The influence of the third monomer 5-ethylene-2-norbornene (ENB) and peroxide content on cure behavior and network structure of peroxide-cured EPDM were investigated by moving die rheometer, NMR relaxation, and dynamic mechanical thermal spectroscopy. According to the rubber elasticity theory, the torque measurement results showed the network structure of peroxide-cured EPDM contained chemical cross-links via combination reaction (Ccom), chemical cross-links via addition reaction (Cadd), and the contribution of entanglement density and network defects to the total cross-link density (CEN). The total cross-link density (Ctot) increased linearly with the peroxide content. The increase of ENB concentration was beneficial for the improvement of cross-linking efficiency of peroxide, but it made the diene conversion of EPDM decrease. CEN was dependent on the third monomer content, which also provided the dominant contribution to the Ctot at low peroxide contents. Furthermore, Ccom and Cadd were dependent on peroxide content linearly, and the latter also was governed by the ENB level.
PEROXIDE CROSS-LINKING OF EPDMs HAVING HIGH FRACTIONS OF ETHYLENIC UNITS
Authors: Shabani Amin , Colin Xavier , Marque Gregory , Monchy-Leroy Carole 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe considerable amount of research in the literature has practically allowed the elucidation of the mechanism of peroxide cross-linking of ethylene–propylene–diene–monomer rubber (EPDM), which occurs through a radical chain reaction initiated by the thermal decomposition of the peroxide molecule. According to this radical chain reaction, all types of labile hydrocarbon bonds (i.e., allylic, methynic, and methylenic CH bonds) would be exposed to alkoxy radicals and involved in the formation of the elastomeric network. However, for high fractions of ethylenic units (typically ≥60 mol.%), simple chemical kinetics and thermochemical analyses have shown that the radical attack would essentially occur on the methylenic CH bonds. Starting from this assertion, a simplified mechanistic scheme has been proposed for the three commercial EPDMs under study. The corresponding kinetic model, derived from this new scheme by using the basic concepts of the chemical kinetics, provides access to the changes in concentration of the main reactive chemical functions (against exposure time), among which are double bonds and changes in cross-linking density. The validity of these predictions has been eventually successfully verified by five distinct analytical techniques frequently used for studying the cross-linking of rubbers.
REDUNDÂNCIA & AMBIGÜIDADE
Authors: Mendonça Antônio Sérgio 
Published: September 2014

A perspectiva da redundância X possibilidades da ambigüidade, ambigüidade conduiindo à relação ent.-e conotação de 2.° grau e metáfora, denotação de 2.° g.-au e metonimia, matriz estrutural para comprender a contribuição de 1922 para a vanguarda, Oswald de Andrade X Mário de Andrade = Poética da ambigüidade XPoética da Redundância.
ANÁLISE DO SONETO "ENTRE A RAIZ E A FLOR" DE JORGE DE LIMA
Authors: RENAUX SIGRID 
Published: September 2014

Partindo da "fo.ma" para chegar à "significação", analisamos o soneto "Entre a Raiz e a Florr'\ de Jorge de Lima, em seus níveis lingüísticos (fonético, morfológico, sintático e semântico'. Fizemos depois UTÍ integração final, projetando o soneto, para um contexto biblico, alegórico e metalinguistico, numa tentativa de enriquecer o processo de significação.
O SÍMBOLO DO "ÜLTIMO CIGARRO" EM A CONSCIÊNCIA DE ZENO
Authors: Massi Albanese Carolina 
Published: September 2014

Zeno não narra a sua vida mas sim, cònscia e inconscientemente, a sua doença. A origem da doença está na origem do vício do fumo. Daí em diante, Zeno tentará insistentemente achar alguém que lhe proíba o fumo. Quando jovem, escreve nas paredes do quarto as datas dos acontecimentos mais marcantes de sua vida, acompanhadas invariavelmente do propósito de acabar com o vício do fumo. Para ele, isso tem um ritmo próprio, porque cada data anula a precedente. Significativo é o procedimento de Zeno que, para evitar de ser curado, se faz internar em uma clínica. A proibição do cigarro é um estímulo à ação. A ação é adiar a morte.
PERSPECTIVA NARRATIVA E ESTATUTO DO PERSONAGEM BRÁS CUBAS
Authors: Azevedo D. Guimarães Denise 
Published: September 2014

Nas Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas a situação criada já é,em si mesma, absurda. Sendo ele um defunto, ou um defunto-autor, fornece uma visão de mundo decorrente de seu ponto de vista arbitrário e supra-realista.Na obra analisada, o ponto de vista, é, em certo sentido, um truque técnico, um meio para servir a fins estéticos mais ambiciosos.Um momento, marcado pelo tom metafisico-irònico, é seguido por outro mais longo de caráter memorialista-irônico. Duas perspectivas — transcendental e humana — cujo ponto comum é a ironia, revelam um narrador profundamente crítico diante da matéria narrada, dor, leitores, da própria linguagem.A partir da visão do narrador, estatui-se a personalidade de BrásCubas-narrador e Brás Cubas-personagem. Portanto, uma espécie de auto-retrato: o Brás Cubas que fala sem rodeios da própria consciência para melhor criticar a alheia.O texto não é estruturado radicalmente, porém relativamente.O humor, como uma tomada de posição entre o verdadeiro e o verossímil, explica a relação Brás Cubas-morto/Brás Cubas-vivo. O morto torna-se a articulação da memória do vivo, aquele que vai criticar a vida do homem em termos de ironia.Brás Cubas não é apenas um narrador narrando suas memóriasde um ponto de vista incomum. 0 livro é diferente sobretudo pelaruptura dialética verificada, o que lhe confere nova dimensão.
ANÁLISE DE DOIS POEMAS DE JOSÉ ANGEL VALENTE
Authors: A. Arroyo Espínola Galo 
Published: September 2014

Através da análise de El ángel vemos como o homem se debatee luta por alcançar a felicidade mas se encontra indefeso ante asforças celestiais.O anjo apresentado no poema é um ser ao mesmo tempo justoe cruel, símbolo de fatalidade, talvez de morte. O homem luta "contra el ángel", mas não consegue nada. Sempre estará impedido por suas realidades terrenas. Sua própria realidade (a vida e a morte) será para ele sempre uma incógnita da qual será escravo.No poema El muro o ser humano busca desesperadamente a Deus em meio à vida. Sua situação é de abandono, incerteza, desespero, angústia, desorientação. No muro, busca e espera a revelação de um deus mas acaba por cair, sem conseguí-la. Talvez do outro lado do muro encontre o Ser a quem procurou desesperadamente na vida.
PROBLEMAS DA TRADUÇÃO
Authors: Badia Gilbert 
Published: September 2014

Entre as inúmeras dificuldades do tradutor figuram as da traduçãode poemas, da paródia, de certos recursos estilísticos — às vezesmuito importantes para a caracterização das personagens, etc. Assoluções encontradas para estes problemas, ao se traduzir a obra teatral de Brecht, podem servir de exemplo para outras soluções que visem igualmente resguardar a fidelidade ao texto original.
A TRAJETÓRIA DOS DEUSES NO UNIVERSO POÉTICO DE RICARDO REIS
Authors: Monteiro Zan Sergio 
Published: September 2014

Os deuses, na poesia de Ricardo Reis, constituem um dos elemento mais significativos da sua temática, que se preocupa em reviver valores, imagens e motivos peculiares às ideologias clássicas, a fim de adaptá-los e situá-los à luz dos problemas do homem contemporâneo.Partindo de uma nítida diferenciação entre as imagensdivinas e a condição humana, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo focalizar, no seio do universo poético de Ricardo Reis ,os graus ascendentes de elevação do homem, num processo proporcional e crescente de materialização do divino. No grau mais elevado da sua escala ascendente, o Homem, que tem sido sempre o centro vital (como não poderia deixar de ser) da posição humanista e pagã deste heterônimo de Fernando Pessoa, sobrepõe-se inteiramente às divindades, que não têm sido mais que meros pontos de referência para essa mesma ascensão. Em conseqüência, no instante em que os deuses atingem uma completa materialidade, sem poderem já sobreviver a essa situação "divinamente" inconcebível, o Homem, finalmenteigual a eles, atinge por sua vez o nível de uma nova dimensão, fundada na anulação total do transcendente e no futuro extraordinário da natureza e do real.
DOSTOIEVSKI: A DUPLICIDADE NA ESTRUTURA NARRATIVA DE O DUPLO
Authors: Rénaux Sigrid 
Published: September 2014

Esta análise de O Duplo de Dostoievski baseada em Mikhail Bakhtire e Leonid Grossman, procura mostrar com a duplicidade na forma deste romance corresponderia a uma duplicidade de conteúdo: assim, o dualismo entre sonho e realidade, a polifonia do foco narrativo, simbolismo, tempo, espaço e outros elementos, serviriam para projetar o desdobramento da personagem principal. Conclui-se com uma interpretação que se coaduna com a visão polivalente que Dostoievski nos dá de sua e de nossa realidade.
O CAMINHO CIRCULAR DE MENINA E MOÇA
Authors: Rosa da Silva Edson 
Published: September 2014

O autor apresenta um estudo das imagens do romance Manina • Mofa do autor portugués Bernardini Ribeiro, a partir da teoria de Gilbert Durant em Las Structuras Anthropologiques de l'imaginaire.O romance mostra então, na sua estrutura circular, todas as etapas de um processo de iniciação', a prova sacrificial, a deicida tot abismos do ser, o triunfo do espirito.