bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of Concordance Between Empirical Scores and Physician Assessments of Stroke and Bleeding Risk in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Steinberg Benjamin A. , Kim Sunghee , Thomas Laine , Fonarow Gregg C. , Hylek Elaine , Ansell Jack , Go Alan S. , Chang Paul , Kowey Peter , Gersh Bernard J. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Singer Daniel E. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: March 2014

Background—
Physicians treating patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) must weigh the benefits of anticoagulation in preventing stroke versus the risk of bleeding. Although empirical models have been developed to predict such risks, the degree to which these coincide with clinicians’ estimates is unclear.

Methods and Results—

We examined 10 094 AF patients enrolled in the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of AF (ORBIT-AF) registry between June 2010 and August 2011. Empirical stroke and bleeding risks were assessed by using the congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (CHADS
2
) and Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) scores, respectively. Separately, physicians were asked to categorize their patients’ stroke and bleeding risks: low risk (<3%); intermediate risk (3%–6%); and high risk (>6%). Overall, 72% (n=7251) in ORBIT-AF had high-risk CHADS
2
scores (≥2). However, only 16% were assessed as high stroke risk by physicians. Although 17% (n=1749) had high ATRIA bleeding risk (score ≥5), only 7% (n=719) were considered so by physicians. The associations between empirical and physician-estimated stroke and bleeding risks were low (weighted Kappa 0.1 and 0.11, respectively). Physicians weighed hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes mellitus less significantly than empirical models in estimating stroke risk; physicians weighted anemia and dialysis less significantly than empirical models when estimating bleeding risks. Anticoagulation use was highest among patients with high stroke risk, assessed by either empirical model or physician estimates. In contrast, physician and empirical estimates of bleeding had limited impact on treatment choice.

Conclusions—
There is little agreement between provider-assessed risk and empirical scores in AF. These differences may explain, in part, the current divergence of anticoagulation treatment decisions from guideline recommendations.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01165710.
Adapting Two-Moment Microphysics Schemes across Model Resolutions: Subgrid Cloud and Precipitation Fraction and Microphysical Sub–Time Step
Authors: Chosson Frédérick , Vaillancourt Paul A. , Milbrandt Jason A. , Yau M. K. , Zadra Ayrton 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Two-moment multiclass microphysics schemes are very promising tools to be used in high-resolution NWP models. However, they must be adapted for coarser resolutions. Here, a twofold solution is proposed—namely, a simple representation of subgrid cloud and precipitation fraction—as well as a microphysical sub-time-stepping method. The scheme is easy to implement, allows supersaturation in ice cloud, and exhibits flexibility for adoption across model grid spacing. It is implemented in the Milbrandt and Yau two-moment microphysics scheme with prognostic precipitation in the context of a simple 1D kinematic model as well as a mesoscale NWP model [the Canadian regional Global Environmental Multiscale model (GEM)]. Sensitivity tests were performed and the results highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the two-moment multiclass cloud scheme relative to the classical Sundqvist scheme. The respective roles of subgrid cloud fraction, precipitation fraction, and time splitting were also studied. When compared to the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO)/CloudSat-retrieved cloud mask, cloud fraction, and ice water content, it is found that the proposed solutions significantly improve the behavior of the Milbrandt and Yau microphysics scheme at the regional NWP scale, suggesting that the subgrid cloud and precipitation fraction technique can be used across model resolutions.
Risk of Otitis Externa Following Manual Cerumen Removal
Authors: Guidi Jessica L. , Wetmore Ralph F. , Sobol Steven E. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: Based on an interpretation of a recent Joint Commission protocol to sterilize instruments coming into contact with mucous membranes, there has been institutional interest in sterile packaging of cerumen curettes used for manual cerumen removal. To date, there are no studies that have assessed the risk of otitis externa (OE) following cerumen removal and the utility of sterile packaging is questionable. The objective of this study is to assess the incidence of OE following cerumen disimpaction prior to the implementation of sterile packaging at our institution. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review. Over a 1-year period, 1457 episodes of manual cerumen removal took place in the otolaryngology clinic. Charts were assessed for signs or symptoms of OE within 2 weeks of the procedure through follow-up phone calls and clinic visits in the otolaryngology division. Results: There were no patients who followed up with symptoms or signs suggestive of OE in the 2-week postprocedure period. Conclusion: There is no evidence that OE is a complication of manual cerumen removal when performed by otolaryngologists using clean technique. Unnecessary sterilization of tools leads to increased cost and time for this common outpatient procedure performed by the otolaryngologist.
Expression of Toll-Like Receptors 2, 4 and Nuclear Factor Kappa B in Mucosal Lesions of Human Otitis
Authors: Jesic Snezana , Jotic Ana , Tomanovic Nada , Zivkovic Maja , Kolakovic Ana , Stankovic Aleksandra 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: The objectives were to detect and compare the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4 and nuclear factor kappa B in mucosal lesions of chronic otitis. Methods: Fifty-five tissue samples obtained from children and adults operated on for otitis were investigated by semiquantitative immunohistochemical methods using polyclonal antibodies for TLR 2, 4 and NFkB. Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and Kendall’s tau rank correlation tests were used. Results: Stronger expression of TLR2, 4 was found in inflamed mucosa than in the control for children and adults (TLR2: H = 23.86, P < .001; TLR4: H = 22.80, P < .001) (TLR2: H = 17.53, P < .001; TLR4: H = 11.99, P < .001); in cholesteatoma perimatrix compared to tubotympanic lesions in children (TLR2: H = 11.06, P = .004; TLR4: H = 10.61, P = .005) and adults (TLR2: H = 10.73, P = .013; TLR4: H = 9.65, P = .021). No differences were found in NFkB expression (H = 0.042, P = .99). Significant correlations were found for all pairs of molecules in cholesteatoma and tubotympanic mucosa of adults (TLR2, 4: P = .002, P < .001; TLR2-NfkB: P = .032, P = .021; TLR4-NFkB: P = .035, P = .0013), only TLR4-NFkB in tubotympanic otitis of children ( P = .026). Conclusions: Toll-like receptors 2, 4 and NFkB mediate inflammation in cholesteatoma and mucosal lesions of tubotympanic otitis in children and adults. Significant correlations between all pairs of molecules in all samples were detected in adults, but only TLR4-NFkB in children.
Transforming Experience through English Use and Service-oriented Cultural Capital
Authors: Reierson Shannon , Celedón-Pattichis Sylvia 
Published: April 2014

Study of the role of English use in the lives of two undocumented indigenous Honduran immigrants to the southwestern United States reveals that the label “illegal” applied to undocumented immigrants influences their integration into U.S. society. Participants in the study used social/cultural capital to intervene in their underclass status. English proficiency served as a credentialed skill that allowed them social mobility, and the cultural value of being of service enabled them to transform their experience. Un estudio de la función de uso del inglés en las vidas de dos indígenas hondureños indocumentados en el suroeste de Estados Unidos revela que la etiqueta de “ilegal” aplicada a los inmigrantes indocumentados influye en su integración a la sociedad estadounidense. Los participantes en el estudio utilizaron capital social/cultural para intervenir en su condición de subclase. El dominio del idioma inglés sirvió como una habilidad reconocida que les permitía acceder a la movilidad social, y el valor cultural de ser de utilidad les permitió transformar su experiencia.
Trapped Behind the Lines
Authors: Rus Diane L. , Rus Jan 
Published: April 2014

Between 2002 and 2007, Tsotsil Mayas from San Juan Chamula, Chiapas, Mexico, joined the “boom” of undocumented migration to the United States. At the migration’s peak, 41 percent of the men 15–34 years of age in a sample hamlet of 1,350 had crossed the border, most having borrowed the equivalent of US$1,500–2,000 at 10 percent/month interest to pay for the trip. Before most were able to pay back their loans, however, demand for their labor declined, finally crashing with the recession of 2007–2008. The men’s prolonged absences, first in the North and then as they were forced to depart a second time to try to pay their debts, have led to profound changes at home, including the feminization of work and shifts in family structure and roles in a community without young men. Entre 2002 y 2007, los Mayas Tsotsiles de San Juan Chamula, Chiapas, México, se unieron al “boom” de la migración indocumentada hacia los Estados Unidos. Para 2006, 41 por ciento de los hombres de 15 a 34 años de edad en una aldea de muestra de 1,350 habitantes habían cruzado la frontera, habiendo pedido prestado cada uno el equivalente de US$1,500–2,000 con 10 por ciento de interés mensual para pagar su viaje. La demanda laboral disminuyó antes de que la mayoría pudiera saldar sus deudas, desplomándose finalmente con la recession de 2007–2008. Las ausencias de los hombres, primero en el Norte y luego conforme se vieron obligados a salir una segunda vez para tratar de satisfacer a sus acreedores, han resultado en profundos cambios en el lugar de origen. Estos incluyen la feminización del trabajo y cambios en la estructura familiar y roles establecidos en una comunidad sin hombres jóvenes.
Predictors for Perioperative Outcomes following Total Laryngectomy: A University HealthSystem Consortium Discharge Database Study
Authors: Rutledge Jonathan W. , Spencer Horace , Moreno Mauricio A. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThe University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) database collects discharge information on patients treated at academic health centers throughout the United States. We sought to use this database to identify outcome predictors for patients undergoing total laryngectomy. A secondary end point was to assess the validity of the UHC's predictive risk mortality model in this cohort of patients.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingAcademic medical centers (tertiary referral centers) and their affiliate hospitals in the United States.Subjects and MethodsUsing the UHC discharge database, we retrieved and analyzed data for 4648 patients undergoing total laryngectomy who were discharged between October 2007 and January 2011 from all of the member institutions. Demographics, comorbidities, institutional data, and outcomes were retrieved.ResultsThe length of stay and overall costs were significantly higher among female patients (P <. 0001), while age was a predictor of intensive care unit stay (P =. 014). The overall complication rate was higher among Asians (P =. 019) and in patients with anemia and diabetes compared with other comorbidities. The average institutional case load was 1.92 cases/mo; we found an inverse correlation (R = −0.47) between the institutional case load and length of stay (P <. 0001). The UHC admit mortality risk estimator was found to be an accurate predictor not only of mortality (P <. 0002) but also of intensive care unit admission and complication rate (P <. 0001).ConclusionThis study provides an overview of laryngectomy outcomes in a contemporary cohort of patients treated at academic health centers. UHC admit mortality risk is an excellent outcome predictor and a valuable tool for risk stratification in these patients.
Whole-genome profiling highlights the molecular complexity underlying eccentric cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Barnes Justin , Pat Betty , Chen Yuan-Wen , Powell Pamela C. , Bradley Wayne E. , Zheng Junying , Karki Amrit , Cui Xiangqin , Guichard Jason , Wei Chih-Chang , Collawn James , Dell’Italia Louis J. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: Heart failure is typically preceded by myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling, which can be concentric due to pressure overload (PO), or eccentric because of volume overload (VO). The molecular mechanisms that underlie these differing patterns of hypertrophy are distinct and have yet to be fully elucidated. Thus, the goal of this work is to identify novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular conditions marked by hypertrophy that have previously been resistant to medical treatment, such as a pure VO. Methods: Concentric or eccentric hypertrophy was induced in rats for 2 weeks with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or aortocaval fistula (ACF), respectively. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic analysis were used to assess the development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and functional differences between groups. Changes in gene expression were determined by microarray and further characterized with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Results: Both models of hypertrophy increased LV mass. Rats with TAC demonstrated concentric LV remodeling while rats with ACF exhibited eccentric LV remodeling. Microarray analysis associated eccentric remodeling with a more extensive alteration of gene expression compared with concentric remodeling. Rats with VO had a marked activation of extracellular matrix genes, promotion of cell cycle genes, downregulation of genes associated with oxidative metabolism, and dysregulation of genes critical to cardiac contractile function. Rats with PO demonstrated similar categorical changes, but with the involvement of fewer individual genes. Conclusions: Our results indicate that eccentric remodeling is a far more complex process than concentric remodeling. This study highlights the importance of several key biological functions early in the course of VO, including regulation of matrix, metabolism, cell proliferation, and contractile function. Thus, the results of this analysis will inform the ongoing search for new treatments to prevent the progression to heart failure in VO.
The promise and peril of mHealth in developing countries
Authors: Chib Arul 
Published: April 2014

The mHealth field understandably arose from a base of practice, developed a nascent, yet ever-expanding, body of inter-disciplinary scholarship, and currently hopes for recognition by, and establishment on, national and trans-national policy bodies and agendas respectively. However, to justify public investment, policymakers require a body of theoretically sound, methodologically rigorous, and generalizable, evidence on how mobile technologies can effectively improve basic healthcare service delivery for hard-to-reach, resource-poor populations in developing countries. This essay draws upon prior work, ranging from a review article, an mHealth intervention for Indonesian healthcare workers within the medical infrastructure, to a text-messaging project in Uganda focused on beneficiaries. The argument is organized around theoretical, methodological, and sustainability issues, and proposes suggestions for how the discipline of mobile communication studies can add value to the field of mHealth research in developing countries.
Study of the Maillard reaction products formed by glycine and D- glucose on different mineral substrates
Authors: Bosetto M. , Arfaioli P. , Pantani O. L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis work deals with the formation of humic-like compounds, products of the Maillard reaction between glycine and D-glucose, on clay (K+, Ca2+ and Al3+-saturated montmorillonite and kaolinite) and quartz systems in the presence of the same cations. Natural quartz was used as the control while the effect of cation type, mineral substrate and CEC was evaluated. All the systems form humic-like substances that are probably responsible for the decrease in the pH (H2O) after 30 d. The type of cation does not influence the overall production of humic substances, while the amount of cations controls the formation of humic-like material especially in the presence of clays. A mineral surface is necessary to synthesize molecules with this high degree of complexity.Fulvic-like compounds are produced in great amounts on natural quartz and their formation is hampered by the presence of ‘free’ cations, regardless of their amount. Humic substances do not penetrate the interlayer of montmorillonite.
Dynamic remodeling of histone modifications in response to osmotic stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Magraner-Pardo Lorena , Pelechano Vicent , Coloma María Dolores , Tordera Vicente 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Specific histone modifications play important roles in chromatin functions; i.e., activation or repression of gene transcription. This participation must occur as a dynamic process. Nevertheless, most of the histone modification maps reported to date provide only static pictures that link certain modifications with active or silenced states. This study, however, focuses on the global histone modification variation that occurs in response to the transcriptional reprogramming produced by a physiological perturbation in yeast.

Results
We did a genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis for eight specific histone modifications before and after saline stress. The most striking change was rapid acetylation loss in lysines 9 and 14 of H3 and in lysine 8 of H4, associated with gene repression. The genes activated by saline stress increased the acetylation levels at these same sites, but this acetylation process was quantitatively minor if compared to that of the deacetylation of repressed genes. The changes in the tri-methylation of lysines 4, 36 and 79 of H3 and the di-methylation of lysine 79 of H3 were slighter than those of acetylation. Furthermore, we produced new genome-wide maps for seven histone modifications, and we analyzed, for the first time in S. cerevisiae, the genome-wide profile of acetylation of lysine 8 of H4.

Conclusions
This research reveals that the short-term changes observed in the post-stress methylation of histones are much more moderate than those of acetylation, and that the dynamics of the acetylation state of histones during activation or repression of transcription is a much quicker process than methylation.
A phase II study of cisplatin with intravenous and oral vinorelbine as induction chemotherapy followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy with oral vinorelbine and cisplatin for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lerouge Delphine , Rivière Alain , Dansin Eric , Chouaid Christos , Dujon Cécile , Schott Roland , Lavole Armelle , Le Pennec Vincent , Fabre Elizabeth , Crequit Jacky , Martin Francis , Dehette Stéphanie , Fournel Pierre , Precheur-Agulhon Bénédicte , Lartigau Eric , Zalcman Gérard 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Concomitant platinum-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CT-RT) is the recommended treatment for unresectable locally advanced stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fractionated oral vinorelbine with cisplatin as induction CT followed by CT-RT.

Methods
Patients with stage III NSCLC received 2 induction cycles of intravenous vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 and cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 and oral vinorelbine 60 mg/m2 on day 8. Responding patients received 2 more cycles of cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 and oral vinorelbine 20 mg on days 1, 3 and 5 concomitantly with radiotherapy 2 Gy daily, 5 days/week for a total of 66 Gy.

Results
Seventy patients, median age 61 years, were enrolled. Overall response rate (ORR) was 50.0%; Disease Control Rate was 81.42%. Median PFS was 14.58 months [95% CI, 10.97-18.75]. Median OS was 17.08 months [95% CI, 13.57-29.57]. One-year and 2-year survival rates were 68.6% [95% CI, 57.7-79.4] and 37%. One patient had a grade 3 pulmonary radiation injury and 26.5% had graded 1/2 esophagitis.

Conclusion
In non-operable IIIA-IIIB NSCLC, the combination oral vinorelbine (fractionated fixed dose) plus cisplatin, during concomitant CT-RT, could offer a well-tolerated option, with comparable activity to I.V. vinorelbine-based chemoradiotherapy regimens.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01839032
Brazilian and Mexican experiences in the study of incipient domestication
Authors: Lins Neto Ernani Machado de Freitas , Peroni Nivaldo , Casas Alejandro , Parra Fabiola , Aguirre Xitlali , Guillén Susana , Albuquerque Ulysses Paulino 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background
Studies of domestication enables a better understanding of human cultures, landscape changes according to peoples’ purposes, and evolutionary consequences of human actions on biodiversity. This review aimed at discussing concepts, hypotheses, and current trends in studies of domestication of plants, using examples of cases studied in regions of Mesoamerica and Brazil. We analyzed trends of ethnobiological studies contributing to document processes of domestication and to establish criteria for biodiversity conservation based on traditional ecological knowledge.

Methods
Based on reviewing our own and other authors’ studies we analyzed management patterns and evolutionary trends associated to domestication occurring at plant populations and landscape levels. Particularly, we systematized information documenting: ethnobotanical aspects about plant management and artificial selection mechanisms, morphological consequences of plant management, population genetics of wild and managed plant populations, trends of change in reproduction systems of plants associated to management, and other ecological and physiological aspects influenced by management and domestication.

Results
Based on the analysis of study cases of 20 native species of herbs, shrubs and trees we identified similar criteria of artificial selection in different cultural contexts of Mexico and Brazil. Similar evolutionary trends were also identified in morphology (selection in favor of gigantism of useful and correlated parts); organoleptic characteristics such as taste, toxicity, color, texture; reproductive biology, mainly breeding system, phenological changes, and population genetics aspects, maintenance or increasing of genetic diversity in managed populations, high gene flow with wild relatives and low structure maintained by artificial selection. Our review is a first attempt to unify research methods for analyzing a high diversity of processes. Further research should emphasize deeper analyses of contrasting and diverse cultural and ecological contexts for a better understanding of evolution under incipient processes of domestication.

Conclusion
Higher research effort is particularly required in Brazil, where studies on this topic are scarcer than in Mexico but where diversity of human cultures managing their also high plant resources diversity offer high potential for documenting the diversity of mechanisms of artificial selection and evolutionary trends. Comparisons and evaluations of incipient domestication in the regions studied as well as the Andean area would significantly contribute to understanding origins and diffusion of the experience of managing and domesticating plants.