bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune disease in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Marrie Ruth Ann , Reider Nadia , Cohen Jeffrey , Stuve Olaf , Sorensen Per S , Cutter Gary , Reingold Stephen C , Trojano Maria 
Published: December 2014

Background: As new therapies emerge which increase the risk of autoimmune disease it is increasingly important to understand the incidence of autoimmune disease in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The purpose of this review is to estimate the incidence and prevalence of comorbid autoimmune disease in MS. Methods: The PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Knowledge databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of retrieved articles were searched, and abstracts were independently screened by two reviewers. The data were abstracted by one reviewer using a standardized data collection form, and the findings were verified by a second reviewer. We assessed quality of the included studies using a standardized approach and conducted meta-analyses of population-based studies. Results: Sixty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. We observed substantial heterogeneity with respect to the populations studied, methods of ascertaining comorbidity, and reporting of findings. Based solely on population-based studies, the most prevalent autoimmune comorbidities were psoriasis (7.74%) and thyroid disease (6.44%). Our findings also suggest an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease, likely uveitis and possibly pemphigoid. Conclusion: Fewer than half of the studies identified were of high quality. Population-based studies that report age, sex and ethnicity-specific estimates of incidence and prevalence are needed in jurisdictions worldwide.
Sp1/Sp3 transcription factors regulate hallmarks of megakaryocyte maturation and platelet formation and function
Authors: Meinders Marjolein , Kulu Divine I. , van de Werken Harmen J. G. , Hoogenboezem Mark , Janssen Hans , Brouwer Rutger W. W. , van Ijcken Wilfred F. J. , Rijkers Erik-Jan , Demmers Jeroen A. A. , Krüger Imme , van den Berg Timo K. , Suske Guntram , Gutiérrez Laura , Philipsen Sjaak 
Published: December 2014

Key Points
Megakaryocyte-specific Sp1/Sp3 double-knockout mice display thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, and defects in megakaryocyte maturation. Selective Mylk inhibition by ML7 affects proplatelet formation and stabilization and ITAM receptor–mediated platelet aggregation.
Risk of Marrow Neoplasms After Adjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network Experience
Authors: Wolff Antonio C. , Blackford Amanda L. , Visvanathan Kala , Rugo Hope S. , Moy Beverly , Goldstein Lori J. , Stockerl-Goldstein Keith , Neumayer Leigh , Langbaum Terry S. , Theriault Richard L. , Hughes Melissa E. , Weeks Jane C. , Karp Judith E. 
Published: December 2014

Purpose Outcomes for early-stage breast cancer have improved. First-generation adjuvant chemotherapy trials reported a 0.27% 8-year cumulative incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myelogenous leukemia. Incomplete ascertainment and follow-up may have underestimated subsequent risk of treatment-associated marrow neoplasm (MN). Patients and Methods We examined the MN frequency in 20,063 patients with stage I to III breast cancer treated at US academic centers between 1998 and 2007. Time-to-event analyses were censored at first date of new cancer event, last contact date, or death and considered competing risks. Cumulative incidence, hazard ratios (HRs), and comparisons with Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results estimates were obtained. Marrow cytogenetics data were reviewed. Results Fifty patients developed MN (myeloid, n = 42; lymphoid, n = 8) after breast cancer (median follow-up, 5.1 years). Patients who developed MN had similar breast cancer stage distribution, race, and chemotherapy exposure but were older compared with patients who did not develop MN (median age, 59.1 v 53.9 years, respectively; P = .03). Two thirds of patients had complex MN cytogenetics. Risk of MN was significantly increased after surgery plus chemotherapy (HR, 6.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 36.1) or after all modalities (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation; HR, 7.6; 95% CI, 1.6 to 35.8), compared with no treatment with chemotherapy. MN rates per 1,000 person-years were 0.16 (surgery), 0.43 (plus radiation), 0.46 (plus chemotherapy), and 0.54 (all three modalities). Cumulative incidence of MN doubled between years 5 and 10 (0.24% to 0.48%); 9% of patients were alive at 10 years. Conclusion In this large early-stage breast cancer cohort, MN risk after radiation and/or adjuvant chemotherapy was low but higher than previously described. Risk continued to increase beyond 5 years. Individual risk of MN must be balanced against the absolute survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Place of Death and the Differences in Patient Quality of Death and Dying and Caregiver Burden
Authors: Kinoshita Hiroya , Maeda Isseki , Morita Tatsuya , Miyashita Mitsunori , Yamagishi Akemi , Shirahige Yutaka , Takebayashi Toru , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Igarashi Ayumi , Eguchi Kenji 
Published: December 2014

Purpose To explore the associations between place of death and quality of death and dying and caregiver burden in terminally ill patients with cancer and their families. Methods Two bereavement surveys were conducted in October 2008 and October 2011. A total of 2,247 family caregivers of patients with cancer who were deceased responded to the mail surveys (response rate, 67%). Family members reported patient quality of death and dying and caregiver burden by using the Good Death Inventory and Caregiving Consequences Inventory. Results Patient quality of death and dying was significantly higher at home relative to other places of dying after adjustment for patient and/or family characteristics (adjusted means): 5.0 (95% CI, 4.9 to 5.2) for home, 4.6 (95% CI, 4.5 to 4.7) for palliative care units, and 4.3 (95% CI, 4.2 to 4.4) for hospitals. For all combinations, pairwise P < .001; the size of the difference between home and hospital was moderate (Hedges' g, 0.45). Home was superior to palliative care units or hospitals with respect to “dying in a favorite place,” “good relationships with medical staff,” “good relationships with family,” and “maintaining hope and pleasure” (P < .001 for all combinations of home v palliative care units and home v hospitals). Home death was significantly associated with a lower overall (P = .03) and financial caregiver burden (P = .004) relative to hospital death. Conclusion Dying at home may contribute to achieving good death in terminally ill patients with cancer without causing remarkably increased caregiver burden. Place of death should be regarded as an essential goal in end-of-life care.
Comparative assessment of onion and garlic extracts on endogenous hepatic and renal antioxidant status in rat
Authors: Suru Stephen M. , Ugwu Chidiebere E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background: Despite growing claims of functional health benefits in folkloric medicine, the safety of chronic/elevated intakes of onion and garlic cannot be assumed. Therefore, this study assesses oral administration of varied doses of onion and garlic on some biomarkers of hepatic and renal functions in rats.

Methods: Animals were divided into five groups: control group received vehicle and extract-treated groups received varied doses of onion or garlic extract (0.5 mL and 1.0 mL/100 g bwt/day) for 6 weeks.

Results: Both doses of onion caused marked (p<0.05) increase in hepatic and renal levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and marked (p<0.05) decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA). Treatment with low dose of garlic elicited similar trend except in hepatic CAT, renal SOD and GST levels. A high dose of garlic only caused marked (p<0.05) increase in hepatic GST, renal GST, and SOD. Both doses of onion and low dose of garlic significantly (p<0.05) enhanced renal Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Only a high dose of onion caused significant (p<0.05) increase in hepatic aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and decrease in plasma AST activities.

Conclusions: These findings suggest antioxidant enhancing capability for both doses of onion and low dose of garlic, while high dose of garlic elicited pro-oxidant conditions.
Stereophotography and spatial surface reconstruction using scanning electron microscopy images
Authors: Kareiva Simonas , Selskis Algirdas , Ivanauskas Feliksas , Sakirzanovas Simas 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Three-dimensional reconstruction technique to fully characterize structural performance of solid materials is suggested. The three-dimensional sample data out of the SEM images taken from different angles were extrapolated, measured and interpreted. In stereometry, the technique of three dimensional SEM imaging is fairly straightforward. Selected specimen area is photographed using SEM imaging tools from two different angles. Tilting is performed using standard SEM manipulation tools. In some cases, the specimen must be rotated to such a position, in which the tilting is done on visual ordinate axis. The resulting images are combined in pairs using any three-dimensional anaglyph software available to produce an anaglyph image, which, in turn, can be analyzed using standard 3D glasses. To achieve finer results, extrapolation of spatial data was done from three or more sample images using visual reconstruction software applications. This technique for recovering spatial data from the SEM pictures (structure-from-motion) is the VisualSFM software, which is an application for spatial reconstruction using structure from sample motion. Using VisualSFM, the images are analyzed for matching points and the camera angle is guessed for each image. Any number of additional viewports can be added to VisualSFM software. Based on this input, a surface is reconstructed where the matching points intersect and a colour value is assigned. The software produces a cloud of points, which has to be processed externally. Freely available software, such as MeshLab can be used to join the point cloud to a mesh and, as a second step of reconstruction, apply surface properties to the mesh polygons. The gold particles were selected as model material for the spatial 3D surface reconstruction.
New TB treatments hiding in plain sight
Authors: Olive Andrew J , Sassetti Christopher M 
Published: December 2014

As tuberculosis (TB) toll is revised upward according to the WHO's last estimates, the lack of vaccine strategy and the lengthy antibiotic treatments that unfortunately promote the emergence of drug resistance are a major set back in the fight against this pathogen. In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Schiebler et al () propose a novel and compelling new approach to target Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by pharmacologically stimulating intracellular mycobacteria clearance through autophagy.
Validity of Self-Assessment of Pubertal Maturation
Authors: Rasmussen Anna R. , Wohlfahrt-Veje Christine , Tefre de Renzy-Martin Katrine , Hagen Casper P. , Tinggaard Jeanette , Mouritsen Annette , Mieritz Mikkel G. , Main Katharina M. 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Studies of adolescents often use self-assessment of pubertal maturation, the reliability of which has shown conflicting results. We aimed to examine the reliability of child and parent assessments of healthy boys and girls.METHODS:A total of 898 children (418 girls, 480 boys, age 7.4–14.9 years) and 1173 parents (550 daughters, 623 sons, age 5.6–14.7 years) assessed onset of puberty or development of breasts, genitals, and pubic hair according to Tanner stages by use of a questionnaire and drawings. Physicians’ assessments were blinded and set as the gold standard. Percentage agreement, κ, and Kendall’s correlation were used to analyze the agreement rates.RESULTS:Breast stage was assessed correctly by 44.9% of the girls (κ = 0.28, r = 0.74, P &lt; .001) and genital stage by 54.7% of the boys (κ = 0.33, r = 0.61, P &lt; .001). For pubic hair stage 66.8% of girls (κ = 0.55, r = 0.80, P &lt; .001) and 66.1% of boys (κ = 0.46, r = 0.70, P &lt; .001) made correct assessments. Of the parents, 86.2% correctly assessed onset of puberty in girls (κ = 0.70, r = 0.71, P &lt; .001) and 68.4% in boys (κ = 0.30, r = 0.37, P &lt; .001). Children who underestimated were younger and children who overestimated older than their peers who made correct assessments. Girls and their parents tended to underestimate, whereas boys overestimated their pubertal stage.CONCLUSIONS:Pubertal assessment by the child or the parents is not a reliable measure of exact pubertal staging and should be augmented by a physical examination. However, for large epidemiologic studies self-assessment can be sufficiently accurate for a simple distinction between prepuberty and puberty.
Precollege and In-College Bullying Experiences and Health-Related Quality of Life Among College Students
Authors: Chen Yu-Ying , Huang Jiun-Hau 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Bullying is a commonly occurring problem behavior in youths that could lead to long-term health effects. However, the impact of school bullying experiences on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among college students has been relatively underexplored. This study aimed to describe school bullying experiences and to empirically examine their associations with HRQOL among college students in Taiwan.

METHODS:
Self-administered survey data (response rate 84.2%) were collected from 1452 college students in 2013 by using proportional stratified cluster sampling. Different types of bullying experiences (ie, physical, verbal, relational, and cyber) before and in college, for bullies and victims, were measured. HRQOL was assessed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) Taiwan version.

RESULTS:
College students with cyber bullying-victimization experiences before college (β 0.060) reported significantly higher HRQOL in physical health. Regarding social relationships, those with verbal (β –0.086) and relational (β –0.056) bullying-victimization experiences, both before and in college, reported significantly lower HRQOL, whereas those with verbal (β 0.130) and relational (β 0.072) bullying-perpetration experiences in both periods reported significantly higher HRQOL. Students with cyber bullying–victimization experiences in college (β 0.068) reported significantly higher HRQOL in the environment domain. Last, the effects of verbal and relational bullying-victimization experiences on psychological HRQOL could be mediated and manifested through depression.

CONCLUSIONS:
Various types of bullying experiences occurring before and in college were differentially associated with HRQOL in different domains. These findings underscore the importance of developing school policies and health education initiatives to prevent school bullying and ameliorate its short-term and long-term effects on HRQOL.
SPECIFIC IMMUNOLOGICAL TESTS IN DIAGNOSTICS OF TUBERCULOSIS OF GENITALS
Authors: Yakovleva A. A. , Mordyk A. V. 
Published: December 2014

The analysis of Russian and foreign publications contained results of application of specific immunological methods for diagnostics of genital tuberculosis in patients with infertility has been carried out. It was established that methods of assessment of the system cellular (stimulated of gamma interferon by M. tuberculosis) and humoral (levels of specific immunoglobulins A, M, G classes) and also evaluation of the local specific immunity in patients with infertility were the perspective direction of identification and diagnostics of tuberculosis of genitals in women with infertility in time.
FLU IN CHILDREN AFTER A PANDEMIC IN ST. PETERSBURG GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Dondurey E. A. , Sukhovetskaya V. F. , Osidak L. V. , Konovalova N. I. , Lobova T. G. , Pisareva M. M. , Gladchenko L. N. , Obraztsova E. V. , Gonchar V. V. , Minchenko S. I. , Korcheniuk L. V. 
Published: December 2014

Flu monitoring was carried out in children’s general hospital in St. Petersburg within three epidemic seasons (2010–2011, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013). 1916 patients under the age of 18 years were examined with the complex of virologic tests . The natural decreasing of flu incidence and predominant diagnosing in etiologic structure one of the virus serotypes [in the first A(H1N1)pdm09, in the second — A(H3N2)] have been observed during the first two years after a pandemic. In the third season restoration of the main characteristics of epidemic flu situation were detected: polietiology with annual change of serotypes proportions, late start (winter and spring), majority of younger children among hospitalaized patients and a mild course of disease. The most probable candidates [viruses of a subtype A(H3N2)] are revealed as a causal factor of significant increasing of disease incidence with the severe forms in the near future. Laboratory data were confirmed by increase in frequency of the complicated by pneumonia ARI at hospitalized patients during the periods of their maximum registration. All isolates received during the study were corresponded to the referens-strains included in vaccines. Thus, timely and appropriate vaccination during the studied period had to become an effective protection against a flu.
Should Sulfonylureas Remain an Acceptable First-Line Add-on to Metformin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes? Yes, They Continue to Serve Us Well!
Authors: Abrahamson Martin J. 
Published: December 2014

Since their introduction to clinical practice in the 1950s, sulfonylureas have been widely prescribed for use in patients with type 2 diabetes. Of all the other medications currently available for clinical use, only metformin has been used more frequently. However, several new drug classes have emerged that are reported to have equal glucose-lowering efficacy and greater safety when added to treatment of patients in whom metformin monotherapy is no longer sufficient. Moreover, current arguments also suggest that the alternative drugs may be superior to sulfonylureas with regard to the risk of cardiovascular complications. Thus, while there is universal agreement that metformin should remain the first-line pharmacologic therapy for those in whom lifestyle modification is insufficient to control hyperglycemia, there is no consensus as to which drug should be added to metformin. Therefore, given the current controversy, we provide a Point-Counterpoint on this issue. In the point narrative presented below, Dr. Abrahamson provides his argument suggesting that avoiding use of sulfonylureas as a class of medication as an add-on to metformin is not appropriate as there are many patients whose glycemic control would improve with use of these drugs with minimal risk of adverse events. In the following counterpoint narrative, Dr. Genuth suggests there is no longer a need for sulfonylureas to remain a first-line addition to metformin for those patients whose clinical characteristics are appropriate and whose health insurance and/or financial resources make an alternative drug affordable.
—William T. Cefalu
Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
Bonding Ability of Paste-Paste Glass Ionomer Systems to Tooth Structure: In Vitro Studies
Authors: Cook NB , Feitosa SA , Patel A , Alfawaz Y , Eckert GJ , Bottino MC 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARY
This study investigated the effect of nonrinse conditioners (ie, Ketac Nano Primer [KNP] and GC Self Conditioner [SC]) used as substrate pretreatment and their respective paste-paste resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) (ie, Ketac Nano [KN] and Fuji Filling LC [FF]) on microtensile bond strength to dentin and marginal sealing when compared with traditional RMGIC (ie, Photac Fil [PF] and Fuji II LC [FII]) used in association with polyacrylic acid (ie, Ketac Cavity Conditioner [KC] and GC Cavity Conditioner [CC]). A total of 192 extracted human molars were allocated into eight groups: KNP-KN, KC-KN, KNP-PF, KC-PF, SC-FF, CC-FF, SC-FII, and CC-FII. For microtensile bond strength, the teeth were sectioned to expose occlusal dentin and restored according to the group. After 24 hours the teeth were cut to yield nine beams per tooth (±0.8 mm2). Testing was done using a universal testing machine followed by failure mode classification. For microleakage testing, standardized cavity preparations were made on the buccal cementoenamel junction and restored according to the group. The teeth were thermocycled (500 cycles, 8°C to 48°C), sealed, immersed in methylene blue for 24 hours, and then assessed for microleakage using a stereomicroscope. Microtensile bond strengths in megapascals (mean±SE) were KNP-KN: 14.9 ± 1.6, KC-KN: 17.2 ± 1.5, KNP-PF: 31.2 ± 1.6, KC-PF: 26.2 ± 1.2, SC-FF: 23.6 ± 1.5, SC-FII: 31.2 ± 1.5, and CC-FII: 21.9 ± 1.5. Cervical margins showed more microleakage compared with occlusal margins. Overall, the use of nonrinse conditioners in association with traditional RMGICs demonstrated superior microtensile bond strengths to dentin when compared with the paste-paste RMGICs. Meanwhile, the association between polyacrylic acid (CC) and a traditional RMGIC (FII) led to the least microleakage for cervical locations when compared with all other groups.
Sealing Composite With Defective Margins, Good Care or Over Treatment? Results of a 10-year Clinical Trial
Authors: Fernández E , Martin J , Vildósola P , Estay J , de Oliveira Júnior OB , Gordan V , Mjor I , Gonzalez J , Loguercio AD , Moncada G 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARY

Purpose
The objective of this study was to clinically evaluate sealed composite restorations after 10 years and compare their behavior with respect to controls.

Methods and Materials
The cohort consisted of 20 patients aged 18 to 80 years with 80 composite restorations. All participants in the sealing and no-treatment groups presented with clinical features for the marginal adaptation that deviated from the ideal and were rated Bravo (United States Public Health Service criteria). Composites with Alfa values for the marginal adaptation were used as the positive control.

Results
The marginal adaptation behavior was similar between the sealing and control (+) groups, with a high frequency of Bravo values in the 10th year (80% and 51%, respectively). Most of the no-treatment (-) group maintained the Bravo values (91%) for 10 years, although some restorations (9%) progressed to Charlie values. The anatomy parameter differed significantly between the first and 10th years, with deterioration in all three groups (p&lt;0.05). The secondary caries parameter had a similar behavior in the three groups (p&gt;0.05).

Conclusions
Sealing the margins of the composite resin restorations had no significant effect compared with the control groups, under the conditions of this study. Sealing the restorations substantially improved the marginal staining and marginal adaptation parameters, although by the tenth year they were similar to the group without intervention.