bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintaining Physical Activity over Time: The Importance of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction in Developing the Physically Active Self
Authors: Springer Judy B. , Lamborn Susie D. , Pollard Diane M. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose. Drawing from self-determination theory, this study investigated adults' perceptions of the process of long-term maintenance of physical activity and how it may relate to their self-identity. Design. Qualitative study included 22 in-depth interviews and participants' recorded personal reflective journals. Setting. Health/fitness facility in a Midwestern city. Participants. Purposeful sample of 12 adult (age range 29–73 years) members who had engaged in regular physical activity for at least 3 years. Methods. Data were collected on participants' perceptions of processes associated with physical activity maintenance. Grounded theory data analysis techniques were used to develop an understanding of participants' long-term physical activity adherence. Results. Analysis revealed three themes organized around basic psychological need satisfaction: (1) Relatedness included receiving and giving support. (2) Competence included challenge and competition, managing weight, and strategies for health management. (3) Autonomy included confidence in the established routine, valuing fitness status, and feeling self-directed. The final theme of physically active self included the personal fit of an active lifestyle, identity as an active person, and attachment to physical activity as life enhancing. Conclusion. Our results suggest that long-term physical activity adherence may be strengthened by promotion of the individual's basic psychological need satisfaction. Adherence is most likely to occur when the value of participation becomes internalized over time as a component of the physically active self.
Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Initial Experience
Authors: Bhansali Anil , Bhattacharya Anish , Sood Ashwani , Singh Baljinder , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Agrawal Kanhaiyalal , Shukla Jaya 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, majority of which express somatostatin (SST) receptors. Recently, with the widespread use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and development of novel PET tracers like Ga-68 DOTA peptide which specifically bind to somatostatin receptors (SSTR), Ga-68 DOTA peptide PET/CT is used in management of NET.

Objective
To study the various indications for which Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT scan was performed and the utility of the scans.

Materials and methods
Retrospective evaluation of the patients data was performed who underwent Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT as part of their diagnostic workup between June 2011 and July 2012. A total of 145 patients aged 1 to 71 years (mean: 37.4 years) were studied during this period.

Results
Ga-68 DOTATATE PET scan was positive in 23/39 patients referred for characterization or diagnosis, in 6/19 patients for localization, in 13/24 patients for detection of unknown NET primary, in 16/17 patients for staging, in 6/7 patients for recurrence assessment, 12/12 patients for response evaluation, 7/18 patients in restaging and in 5/5 differentiated thyroid cancer patients with thyroglobulin elevated but negative iodine scan.

Conclusion
Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT is a useful modality in characterization, localization, detection of unknown NET primary, staging, restaging, recurrence and response evaluation to treatment in patients with NET.

How to cite this article
Mittal BR, Agrawal K, Shukla J, Bhattacharya A, Singh B, Sood A, Bhansali A. Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Initial Experience. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(1):1-6.
An Increasing Role for 68Ga PET Imaging: A Perspective on the Availability of Parent 68Ge Material for Generator Manufacturing in an Expanding Market
Authors: Schultz Michael K , Donahue Patrick , Musgrave Nannette I , Zhernosekov Konstantin , Naidoo Clive , Razbash Anatolii , Tworovska Izabella , Dick David W , Watkins G Leonard , Graham Michael M , Runde Wolfgang , Clanton Jeffrey A , Sunderland John J 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
The use of gallium-68 for molecular imaging is gaining momentum world-wide. While our understanding of 68Ga chemistry, generators, and associated synthesis modules appear to have advanced to a clinically-reliable stage, uncertainty in the supply of radiopharmaceutically-suitable parent is of significant concern. In this work, we examine the current supply of 68Ge in an effort to better understand the potential for expansion of manufacturing to meet an increasing demand for 68Ga. Although specific information on sales and demand of 68Ge is highly business sensitive and thus guarded, our examination finds no shortage in the current supply of 68Ge. On the other hand, increases in the use of 68Ge generators for clinical applications in the United States point to the need for continued support for production at DOE laboratories in the United States to ensure a reliable supply and suggests that new commercial facilities may be needed to meet the increasing demand.

How to cite this article
Schultz MK, Donahue P, Musgrave NI, Zhernosekov K, Naidoo C, Razbash A, Tworovska I, Dick DW, Watkins GL, Graham MM, Runde W, Clanton JA, Sunderland JJ. An Increasing Role for 68Ga PET Imaging: A Perspective on the Availability of Parent 68Ge Material for Generator Manufacturing in an Expanding Market. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(1):26-30.
Molecular Imaging using PET/CT Applying 68Ga-Labeled Tracers and Targeted Radionuclide Therapy: Theranostics on the Way to Personalized Medicine
Authors: Baum Richard P , Kulkarni Harshad R 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Theranostics is an acronym, which exemplifies the togetherness of diagnostics and therapeutics in the individualized management of disease. The key to personalized medicine in cancer is to determine the molecular phenotypes of neoplasms, so that specific probes can be selected to target the tumor and its microenvironment. Molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy using a particular probe is based on this premise. Neuroendocrine neoplasms express somatostatin receptors, enabling the use of somatostatin analogs for molecular imaging, when labeled with the positron-emitter 68Ga for receptor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and targeted radionuclide therapy, when labeled with beta-emitters 90Y and 177Lu.

How to cite this article
Kulkarni HR, Baum RP. Molecular Imaging using PET/CT Applying 68Ga-Labeled Tracers and Targeted Radionuclide Therapy: Theranostics on the Way to Personalized Medicine. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013; 47(1):47-53.
Ga-68: A Versatile PET Imaging Radionuclide
Authors: Mittal BR , Shukla Jaya 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Gallium-68, a positron emitter, is available via 68Ge/68Ga generators. The simple chemistry and easy availability has increased its application from the clinical diagnosis to personalized therapy and has lot more potential in future.

How to cite this article
Shukla J, Mittal BR. Ga-68: A Versatile PET Imaging Radionuclide. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(1):74-76.
Ten Years Later, Experienced Teacher Reflections on "Beginning Music Teacher Perceptions of District-Sponsored Induction Programs" (2001)
Authors: Conway Colleen 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this inquiry was to examine the 2010 reflections of experienced teachers (N = 7) on their past perceptions of induction as documented in Conway (2001). Research questions included: (a) How do participants describe their reactions to a present-day examination of 1999/2000 data (journals, individual and focus group interviews, and two questionnaires) and findings? and (b) What can this reflective examination from experienced teachers reveal about current trends in beginning teacher induction and professional development? New data collected in 2010 included participant email survey responses and individual interviews. Findings suggest: (a) Induction and professional development are still inconsistent in the field; (b) Participants now focus more on students in their teaching; (c) Participants feel as if they "understand schools" better now than they did as beginning teachers; and (d) the notion that music content is necessary in induction and professional development was an inconsistent issue between participants.
A Comparison of Contracted and Ideal Music Education Faculty Workload
Authors: Chandler Kyle W. , Russell Joshua A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare contractual and ideal teaching, research, and service workload data for tenured and tenure-track music education faculty working at National Association of Schools of Music (NASM)-accredited institutions that offered undergraduate and/or graduate degrees in music education. More specifically, two research questions informed this study: (1) What are the contracted and ideal teaching, research, and service workloads for tenured and tenure-track music education faculty according to institution: type (private/public); enrollment; mission (liberal arts, research or teaching/comprehensive); and community (rural, suburban or urban)? And (2), how do these compare? The researchers developed a two-page, 14-item questionnaire, the Music Education Workload Questionnaire (MEWQ) to explore these questions. The 88 completed questionnaires (32.6% return rate) highlighted that contractual teaching, research, and service responsibilities differ little between tenured and tenure-track music education faculty, and that workloads generally involve about 74% teaching, 14% research, and 12% service. In addition, respondents felt that the ideal workload would involve 63% teaching, 22% research, and 15% service. The ideal workload trend of less teaching and more research and service held true regardless of school type, enrollment, mission, or community.
S Corporation Valuations—An Analysis in Search of a Solution
Authors: Kasper Larry J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Until now, the approaches to valuing S corporations have focused on two main aspects: differences in tax rates for subchapter S and C corporations and the appropriate discount rates to use in valuing them. The problem lies with the fact that traditional earnings methods of valuation, including discounted cash flow, are faced with the dilemma of having a “pretax,” that is, untaxed, cash flow passed through to the S corporation shareholder that should be discounted at the post-corporate, but preshareholder, tax discount rate. Empirical evidence is critically reviewed herein.
Relationship between Variability of Past Returns and Levels of Future Returns for Common Stocks, 1926–1960
Authors: Pratt Shannon P. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The relationship of risk and expected returns of common stocks has been an integral part of the study of valuation theory even before Graham and Dodd authored their classic Security Analysis in 1934. In 1959, Harry Markowitz established a quantitative framework to the discussion. He adopted variance (or the square root of variance, the standard deviation) of annual returns as a usable measure of risk. The empirical study of the standard deviation of annual returns as a measure of total risk to ex post annual returns is the subject of this essay.
This essay reports on one of the first empirical studies using the data bases of the center for Research in Security Prices at the Graduate School of Business of the University of Chicago.
Independent Influences of Current and Childhood Socioeconomic Status on Health Outcomes in a North Carolina Family Practice Sample of Arthritis Patients
Authors: Baldassari Antoine R. , Cleveland Rebecca J. , Callahan Leigh F. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveCompelling evidence suggests that socioeconomic status (SES) is a determinant of health outcomes among persons with arthritis. SES in early life has likewise been associated with various aspects of health, but the connection between childhood SES and health among people with arthritis remains to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the influences of current and childhood SES on self‐reported disability, depression, and physical and mental health among people with self‐reported doctor‐diagnosed arthritis.MethodsData originated from a North Carolina network of primary care centers. Participants with self‐reported arthritis with complete sociodemographic and relevant health information were retained in our sample (n = 782). We created summary measures for current and childhood SES from indicators of education, occupation, and homeownership, using parental SES as a proxy for participants' childhood SES. Linear regression models were used to assess the associations between health outcomes and SES variables separately and together, adjusting for key covariates.ResultsLower childhood and current SES scores were associated with worse disability and physical health. Current SES was furthermore associated with mental health and depressive symptoms. Associations of low current and childhood SES with health outcomes remained significant when concurrently included in a linear model.ConclusionChildhood and current SES are both determinants of health among persons with arthritis. This underscores the importance of childhood SES as a determinant of adult health among individuals with arthritis. Further studies should focus on these associations in different populations and across different types of arthritis.
Patient‐Reported Quality of Care for Osteoarthritis: Development and Testing of the OsteoArthritis Quality Indicator Questionnaire
Authors: Østerås Nina , Garratt Andrew , Grotle Margreth , Natvig Bård , Kjeken Ingvild , Kvien Tore K. , Hagen Kåre B. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo develop and test a new instrument for patient self‐reported quality of osteoarthritis (OA) care, and to provide quality indicator (QI) pass rates in a Norwegian OA cohort.MethodsThe OsteoArthritis Quality Indicator (OA‐QI) questionnaire was developed using published QIs, expert panels, and patient interviews. Self‐reported data were collected from 359 persons in a Norwegian OA cohort, and test–retest reliability and validity were assessed. Separate QI pass rates and summary QI pass rates were calculated.ResultsThe 17‐item questionnaire includes QIs related to patient education and information, regular provider assessments, referrals, and pharmacologic treatment. The patient self‐reported questionnaire was completed with minimal respondent burden. Support for content validity was confirmed by 2 patient research partners and 2 expert panels. All 10 predefined hypotheses relating to construct validity were confirmed. Test–retest kappa coefficients ranged from 0.20–0.80 and the percentage of exact agreement ranged from 62–90%. The mean pass rate for individual QIs was 31% (range 5–49%). The median summary QI pass rate was 27% (interquartile range 12–50%), with lower summary pass rates for nonpharmacologic compared to pharmacologic treatments.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first instrument developed to measure patient‐reported QI pass rates for OA care. This study indicates that the OA‐QI questionnaire is acceptable to persons with OA, and its short format makes it suitable for population surveys. The low patient self‐reported QI pass rates in this study suggest a potential for quality improvement in OA care.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Antibody Functionalized Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Hurley Matthew T. , Wang Zifan , Mahle Amanda , Rabin Daniel , Liu Qing , English Douglas S. , Zachariah Michael R. , Stein Daniel , DeShong Philip 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNs) are prepared by incorporating dye into a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) synthesis procedure. FSNs containing sulforhodamine B, hydrophobically modified sulforhodamine B, and Cascade Blue hydrazide are made. The MSN‐based FSNs do not leach dye under simulated physiological conditions and have strong, stable fluorescence. FSNs prepared with sulforhodamine B are compared to FSNs prepared with hydrophobically modified sulforhodamine B. The data indicate that FSNs prepared with sulforhodamine B are equally as stable but twice as fluorescent as particles made with hydrophobically modified sulforhodamine B. The fluorescence of a FSN prepared with sulforhodamine B is 10 times more intense than the fluorescence of a 4.5 nm core–shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dot. For diagnostic applications, a method to selectively and covalently bind antibodies to the surface of the FSNs is devised. FSNs that are functionalized with antibodies specific for Neisseria gonorrhoeae specifically bind to Neisseria gonorrhoeae in flow cytometry experiments, thus demonstrating the functionality of the attached antibodies and the potential of MSN‐based FSNs to be used in diagnostic applications.
Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Stereogenic Carbon Centers that Feature a gem‐Difluoroalkyl Group
Authors: Liu Yun‐Lin , Yu Jin‐Sheng , Zhou Jian 
Published: February 2013

Abstractgem‐Difluoroalkyl groups, characterized as a gem‐difluoromethylene group substituted by a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or other functional group, are not only valuable for the modulation of the properties of organic compounds, but are also useful for the synthesis of various fluorine‐containing compounds. Currently, the catalytic asymmetric construction of stereogenic carbon centers that feature a gem‐difluoroalkyl group is in its infancy. This Focus Review summarizes the latest achievements and discusses the difficulties and challenges in this field.
Direct Arylation of Porphyrins with π‐Extended Aryl Bromides under Ligand‐free Fagnou–Hartwig Conditions
Authors: Yamamoto Yutaro , Tokuji Sumito , Tanaka Takayuki , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed direct β‐diarylation of the nickel complexes of 5,10,15‐triarylporphyrins with π‐extended aryl bromides, such as 9‐bromoanthracene, is described. The reaction proceeded in N,N‐dimethylacetamide in the presence of potassium carbonate, pivalic acid, and a catalytic amount of palladium acetate without any additional ligands. The absorption and emission properties as well as X‐ray crystallographic analysis of the arylated porphyrins are also discussed.
Synthesis of 1 Z,4 E,6 E‐Triene Derivatives by Chemo‐ and Regioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Dienylation of ortho‐Aminostyrenes with Dienyl Carbonates
Authors: Ye Ke‐Yin , Dai Li‐Xin , You Shu‐Li 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA chemo‐ and regioselective iridium‐catalyzed dienylation of ortho‐aminostyrene derivatives with dienyl carbonates was realized. With a catalyst generated from [Ir(cod)Cl]2 (2 mol %) and a racemic phosphoramidite ligand (4 mol %), 1Z,4E,6E‐trienes were obtained in moderate to good yields with exclusive formation of a cis double bond.
Mischungen mit niedriger Übergangstemperatur (LTTMs) – eine neue Generation von Designer‐Lösungsmitteln
Authors: Francisco María , van den Bruinhorst Adriaan , Kroon Maaike C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIm Laufe der letzten zehn Jahre trat eine neue Generation von Designer‐Lösungsmitteln als vielversprechendes grünes Medium für viele Anwendungen, einschließlich Trennverfahren, in Erscheinung: Mischungen mit niedriger Übergangstemperatur (LTTMs, low‐transition‐temperature mixtures). Hergestellt werden sie durch Vermischen natürlicher, hochschmelzender Ausgangsmaterialien, die infolge von H‐Brücken‐Bindungen eine Flüssigkeit bilden. Die zu ihnen zählenden tiefeutektischen Lösungsmittel (DESs) werden als aussichtsreiche Alternative zu konventionellen ionischen Flüssigkeiten (ILs) vorgestellt. LTTMs können einige Grenzen der ILs überwinden und zeichnen sich zudem durch eine günstige und einfache Herstellung aus natürlichen und leicht verfügbaren Ausgangsmaterialien, Bioabbaubarkeit sowie Nachhaltigkeit aus.
Low‐Transition‐Temperature Mixtures (LTTMs): A New Generation of Designer Solvents
Authors: Francisco María , van den Bruinhorst Adriaan , Kroon Maaike C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new generation of designer solvents emerged in the last decade as promising green media for multiple applications, including separation processes: the low‐transition‐temperature mixtures (LTTMs). They can be prepared by mixing natural high‐melting‐point starting materials, which form a liquid by hydrogen‐bond interactions. Among them, deep‐eutectic solvents (DESs) were presented as promising alternatives to conventional ionic liquids (ILs). Some limitations of ILs are overcome by LTTMs, which are cheap and easy to prepare from natural and readily available starting materials, biodegradable, and renewable.
Sifalimumab, a Human Anti–Interferon‐α Monoclonal Antibody, in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Phase I Randomized, Controlled, Dose‐Escalation Study
Authors: Petri Michelle , Wallace Daniel J. , Spindler Alberto , Chindalore Vishala , Kalunian Kenneth , Mysler Eduardo , Neuwelt C. Michael , Robbie Gabriel , White Wendy I. , Higgs Brandon W. , Yao Yihong , Wang Liangwei , Ethgen Dominique , Greth Warren 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and tolerability of multiple intravenous (IV) doses of sifalimumab in adults with moderate‐to‐severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsIn this multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, sequential dose‐escalation study, patients were randomized 3:1 to receive IV sifalimumab (0.3, 1.0, 3.0, or 10.0 mg/kg) or placebo every 2 weeks to week 26, then followed up for 24 weeks. Safety assessment included recording of treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs. Pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and pharmacodynamics were evaluated, and disease activity was assessed.ResultsOf 161 patients, 121 received sifalimumab (26 received 0.3 mg/kg; 25, 1.0 mg/kg; 27, 3.0 mg/kg; and 43, 10 mg/kg) and 40 received placebo. Patients were predominantly female (95.7%). At baseline, patients had moderate‐to‐severe disease activity (mean SLE Disease Activity Index score 11.0), and most (75.2%) had a high type I interferon (IFN) gene signature. In the sifalimumab group versus the placebo group, the incidence of ≥1 treatment‐emergent AE was 92.6% versus 95.0%, ≥1 serious AE was 22.3% versus 27.5%, and ≥1 infection was 67.8% versus 62.5%; discontinuations due to AEs occurred in 9.1% versus 7.5%, and death occurred in 3.3% (n = 4) versus 2.5% (n = 1). Serum sifalimumab concentrations increased in a linear and dose‐proportional manner. Inhibition of the type I IFN gene signature was sustained during treatment in patients with a high baseline signature. No statistically significant differences in clinical activity (SLEDAI and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group score) between sifalimumab and placebo were observed. However, when adjusted for excess burst steroids, SLEDAI change from baseline showed a positive trend over time. A trend toward normal complement C3 or C4 level at week 26 was seen in the sifalimumab groups compared with baseline.ConclusionThe observed safety/tolerability and clinical activity profile of sifalimumab support its continued clinical development for SLE.