bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐operative cell salvage in cardiac surgery may increase platelet transfusion requirements: a cohort study
Authors: Al‐Riyami A. Z. , Al‐Khabori M. , Baskaran B. , Siddiqi M. , Al‐Sabti H. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesThe cell saver (CS) has been widely utilized in cardiac surgery to reduce red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. We aim at examining its effect on the rate of allogeneic transfusion, morbidity and mortality in our population.Materials and MethodsRetrospective review of all patients operated at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital between 2008 and 2013 was performed. Patients’ demographics, comorbidities and surgical details were retrieved. Study end‐points included blood transfusion, infection, renal failure and mortality. Baseline characteristics of both groups were compared and differences were adjusted for in the multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 673 patients were included (CS = 395, non‐CS = 278). Baseline characteristics were similar except for systemic hypertension, congestive heart failure and use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The CS group had higher transfusion rates of platelets (CS 36% vs. non‐CS 18%; P < 0·001) and plasma (CS 31% vs. non‐CS 19%; P < 0·001). After adjusting for baseline differences, CS use increased the odds of receiving platelet transfusion (odds ratio (OR) 3·2; P < 0·001) but not of plasma transfusion (OR 1·6; P = 0·087). There was no difference in the rate of RBC transfusion (CS 45% vs. non‐CS 40%; P = 0·212), renal failure (CS 11% vs. non‐CS 6%; P = 0·139), infection (CS 16% vs. non‐CS 13%; P = 0·434) and mortality (CS 5% vs. non‐CS 2%; P = 0·146).ConclusionThe CS use increases platelet requirements and has no impact on the rate of RBC transfusion in our population. These findings warrant caution with generalized use and require larger studies to confirm its results.
Failure mode and effects analysis and fault tree analysis of surface image guided cranial radiosurgery
Authors: Manger Ryan P. , Paxton Adam B. , Pawlicki Todd , Kim Gwe‐Ya 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:Surface image guided, Linac‐based radiosurgery (SIG‐RS) is a modern approach for delivering radiosurgery that utilizes optical stereoscopic imaging to monitor the surface of the patient during treatment in lieu of using a head frame for patient immobilization. Considering the novelty of the SIG‐RS approach and the severity of errors associated with delivery of large doses per fraction, a risk assessment should be conducted to identify potential hazards, determine their causes, and formulate mitigation strategies. The purpose of this work is to investigate SIG‐RS using the combined application of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA), report on the effort required to complete the analysis, and evaluate the use of FTA in conjunction with FMEA.Methods:A multidisciplinary team was assembled to conduct the FMEA on the SIG‐RS process. A process map detailing the steps of the SIG‐RS was created to guide the FMEA. Failure modes were determined for each step in the SIG‐RS process, and risk priority numbers (RPNs) were estimated for each failure mode to facilitate risk stratification. The failure modes were ranked by RPN, and FTA was used to determine the root factors contributing to the riskiest failure modes. Using the FTA, mitigation strategies were formulated to address the root factors and reduce the risk of the process. The RPNs were re‐estimated based on the mitigation strategies to determine the margin of risk reduction.Results:The FMEA and FTAs for the top two failure modes required an effort of 36 person‐hours (30 person‐hours for the FMEA and 6 person‐hours for two FTAs). The SIG‐RS process consisted of 13 major subprocesses and 91 steps, which amounted to 167 failure modes. Of the 91 steps, 16 were directly related to surface imaging. Twenty‐five failure modes resulted in a RPN of 100 or greater. Only one of these top 25 failure modes was specific to surface imaging. The riskiest surface imaging failure mode had an overall RPN‐rank of eighth. Mitigation strategies for the top failure mode decreased the RPN from 288 to 72.Conclusions:Based on the FMEA performed in this work, the use of surface imaging for monitoring intrafraction position in Linac‐based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) did not greatly increase the risk of the Linac‐based SRS process. In some cases, SIG helped to reduce the risk of Linac‐based RS. The FMEA was augmented by the use of FTA since it divided the failure modes into their fundamental components, which simplified the task of developing mitigation strategies.
On the Relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation and Early Warm Season Temperatures in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Myoung Boksoon , Kim Seung Hee , Kim Jinwon , Kafatos Menas C. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
It is reported herein that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which has been known to directly affect winter weather conditions in western Europe and the eastern United States, is also linked to surface air temperature over the broad southwestern U.S. (SWUS) region, encompassing California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado, in the early warm season. The authors have performed monthly time-scale correlations and composite analyses using three different multidecadal temperature datasets. Results from these analyses reveal that NAO-related upstream circulation positively affects not only the means, but also the extremes, of the daily maximum and minimum temperatures in the SWUS. This NAO effect is primarily linked with the positioning of upper-tropospheric anticyclones over the western United States that are associated with development of the positive NAO phase through changes in lower-tropospheric wind directions as well as suppression of precipitation and enhanced shortwave radiation at the surface. The effect is observed in the SWUS only during the March–June period because the monthly migration of anticyclones over the western United States follows the migration of the NAO center over the subtropical Atlantic Ocean. The link between the SWUS temperatures and NAO has been strengthened in the last 30-yr period (1980–2009), compared to the previous 30-yr period (1950–79). In contrast to the NAO–SWUS temperature relationship, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) show only marginal correlation strengths in several limited regions for the same 60-yr period.
Ionizing radiation induced degradation of diuron in dilute aqueous solution
Authors: Kovács Krisztina , He Shijun , Mile Viktoria , Csay Tamás , Takács Erzsébet , Wojnárovits László 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Cutting edge technologies based on Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) are under development for the elimination of highly persistent organic molecules (like pesticides) from water matrices. Among them, ionizing radiation treatment represents a promising technology that requires no additives and can be easily adapted to an industrial scale. In these processes several reactive species are produced, mainly powerful oxidizing radicals inducing the degradation. This paper investigates the reactions taking place in dilute aqueous solutions of a hazardous pollutant (diuron) during irradiation.

Results
Irradiation of aqueous diuron solutions resulted in effective degradation of the solute mainly due to the reactions of hydroxyl radicals formed in water radiolysis. Hydroxyl radical reacts with diuron with a second order rate constant of (5.8 ± 0.3) × 109 mol−1 dm3 s−1. The main reaction is addition to the ring forming hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical. 30 − 50% of hydroxyl radical reactions induce dechlorination. Reactions with the methyl groups or with the α-amino group have low contribution to the transformation. The presence of dissolved oxygen enhances the rate of degradation; one hydroxyl radical on average induces five-electron oxidations. The high oxidation rate is attributed to the reaction of some of the primarily formed organic radicals with dissolved O2 and the subsequent reactions of the peroxy radicals.

Conclusion
The presence of dissolved oxygen is highly important to achieve efficient ionizing radiation induced degradation of diuron in dilute aqueous solution.
Age-dependent alteration of antioxidant defense system in hypertensive and type-2 diabetes patients
Authors: Okoduwa Stanley IR , Umar Ismaila A , Ibrahim Sani , Bello Fatima , Habila Nathan 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background
The association between hypertension and diabetes has been linked to increased oxidative stress with age. This study was to examine the level of age-dependent alterations in antioxidant defense system between patients having hypertension and/or type-2 diabetes.

Methods
The study was conducted at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria-Nigeria, using 200 Subjects recruited from the cardiology, endocrinology and outpatient clinics. They were divided into four groups of 50 subjects each, namely: Diabetic group (DG), hypertensive (HG) and hypertensive-diabetic group (HDG) as cases. The control group (CG) was non-diabetic normotensive subjects. They were all stratified into six age-ranges namely 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79 years. Oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation, antioxidant vitamins and elements, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant) were measured in the blood sample collected from all subjects in each age group within the study groups.

Results
The results in the DG, HG and HDG, showed that the percentage decrease in enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant vitamins with age were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than 10.8% and 20.0% respectively when compared to the CG, whereas, the level of decrease in serum Selenium at same age range was significantly higher than 52.8%. The level of lipid peroxidation in the cases was observed to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher than 89.9% when compared to the mean reference values (2.94 ± 0.05 nmol/ml) of the CG at same age range. Also, the decrease levels of endogenous antioxidants were observed to be directly related to aging.

Conclusion
The result obtained demonstrates the percentage age-dependent alteration in oxidative stress markers. The percentage decrease in the antioxidant levels during aging could be an explanation to the possible link, underlying the complication of type-2 diabetes and hypertension in this locale. Hence, antioxidants supplements may be useful in the management of the diseases during aging.
Use of mobile phone during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion
Authors: Mahmoudabadi Fatemeh Shamsi , Ziaei Saeideh , Firoozabadi Mohammad , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Exposure to electromagnetic fields of cell phones increasingly occurs, but the potential influence on spontaneous abortion has not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods
In a case–control study, 292 women who had an unexplained spontaneous abortion at < 14 weeks gestation and 308 pregnant women > 14 weeks gestation were enrolled. Two data collection forms were completed; one was used to collect data about socioeconomic and obstetric characteristics, medical and reproductive history, and lifestyles. Another was used to collect data about the use of cell phones during pregnancy. For the consideration of cell phone effects, we measured the average calling time per day, the location of the cell phones when not in use, use of hands-free equipment, use of phones for other applications, the specific absorption rate (SAR) reported by the manufacturer and the average of the effective SAR (average duration of calling time per day × SAR). Analyses were carried out with statistical package state software(SPSS)v.16.

Results
All the data pertaining to mobile phones were different between the two groups except the use of hands free devices (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our result suggests that use of mobile phones can be related to the early spontaneous abortions.
Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organisms and bacterial species at peri-implantitis sites
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Becker Kathrin , Rahn Sebastian , Hegewald Andrea , Pfeffer Klaus , Henrich Birgit 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
The potential role of fungal organisms and their co-aggregation with either periodontopathogens or opportunistic pathogens at peri-implantitis sites is unknown. The aim of the present study was to qualitatively/quantitatively analyze and correlate fungal organisms and bacterial species at peri-implantitis sites.

Methods
In a total of 29 patients, submucosal/subgingival plaque samples were collected at peri-implantitis and healthy implant sites as well as teeth with a history of periodontitis (controls). A real-time PCR assay was established for the qualification of fungal organisms and a TaqMan assay for the quantification of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Tannerella forsythia, Mycoplasma salivarium, Veillonella parvula, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Results
Fungal organisms were more frequently identified at peri-implantitis (31.6%) (i.e., Candida albicans, Candida boidinii, Penicillium spp., Rhodotorula laryngis, Paelicomyces spp., Saccharomycetes, Cladosporium cladosporioides) and healthy implant sites (40% - Candida dubliniensis, C. cladosporioides) than at selected teeth (20% - C. albicans, Fusarium solani). At implant sites, fungal organisms were significantly correlated with P. micra and T. forsythia.

Conclusions

Candida spp. and other fungal organisms were frequently identified at peri-implantitis as well as healthy implant sites and co-colonized with P. micra and T. forsythia.
Deletion of the App-Runx1 region in mice models human partial monosomy 21
Authors: Arbogast Thomas , Raveau Matthieu , Chevalier Claire , Nalesso Valérie , Dembele Doulaye , Jacobs Hugues , Wendling Olivia , Roux Michel , Duchon Arnaud , Herault Yann 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Partial monosomy 21 (PM21) is a rare chromosomal abnormality that is characterized by the loss of a variable segment along human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). The clinical phenotypes of this loss are heterogeneous and range from mild alterations to lethal consequences, depending on the affected region of Hsa21. The most common features include intellectual disabilities, craniofacial dysmorphology, short stature, and muscular and cardiac defects. As a complement to human genetic approaches, our team has developed new monosomic mouse models that carry deletions on Hsa21 syntenic regions in order to identify the dosage-sensitive genes that are responsible for the symptoms. We focus here on the Ms5Yah mouse model, in which a 7.7-Mb region has been deleted from the App to Runx1 genes. Ms5Yah mice display high postnatal lethality, with a few surviving individuals showing growth retardation, motor coordination deficits, and spatial learning and memory impairments. Further studies confirmed a gene dosage effect in the Ms5Yah hippocampus, and pinpointed disruptions of pathways related to cell adhesion (involving App, Cntnap5b, Lgals3bp, Mag, Mcam, Npnt, Pcdhb2, Pcdhb3, Pcdhb4, Pcdhb6, Pcdhb7, Pcdhb8, Pcdhb16 and Vwf). Our PM21 mouse model is the first to display morphological abnormalities and behavioural phenotypes similar to those found in affected humans, and it therefore demonstrates the major contribution that the App-Runx1 region has in the pathophysiology of PM21.
Blockade or deletion of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is not protective in a murine model of sepsis
Authors: Sand Claire A. , Starr Anna , Nandi Manasi , Grant Andrew D. 
Published: April 2015

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response triggered by microbial infection that can cause cardiovascular collapse, insufficient tissue perfusion and multi-organ failure. The cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is expressed in vascular endothelium and causes vasodilatation, but excessive TRPV4 activation leads to profound hypotension and circulatory collapse - key features of sepsis pathogenesis. We hypothesised that loss of TRPV4 signaling would protect against cardiovascular dysfunction in a mouse model of sepsis (endotoxaemia).Multi-parameter monitoring of conscious systemic haemodynamics (by radiotelemetry probe), mesenteric microvascular blood flow (laser speckle contrast imaging) and blood biochemistry (iSTAT blood gas analysis) was carried out in wild type (WT) and TRPV4 knockout (KO) mice. Endotoxaemia was induced by a single intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 12.5 mg/kg) and systemic haemodynamics monitored for 24 h. Blood flow recording was then conducted under terminal anaesthesia after which blood was obtained for haematological/biochemical analysis. No significant differences were observed in baseline haemodynamics or mesenteric blood flow. Naïve TRPV4 KO mice were significantly acidotic relative to WT counterparts. Following induction of sepsis, all mice became significantly hypotensive, though there was no significant difference in the degree of hypotension between TRPV4 WT and KO mice. TRPV4 KO mice exhibited a higher sepsis severity score. While septic WT mice became significantly hypernatraemic relative to the naïve state, this was not observed in septic KO mice. Mesenteric blood flow was inhibited by topical application of the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A in naïve WT mice, but enhanced 24 h following LPS injection. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, loss of TRPV4 signaling (either through gene deletion or pharmacological antagonism) did not attenuate sepsis-induced cardiovascular dysfunction: in fact, pathology appeared to be modestly exaggerated in mice lacking TRPV4. Local targeting of TRPV4 signalling may be more beneficial than global inhibition in sepsis treatment.
«Development» and «Self-Development» Concepts Co-Relation Taking into Account Pupils’ Teenage Years
Authors: Киселёва  , Kiseleva Yu. , Иванов  , Ivanov A. , Куликова  , Kulikova S. 
Published: April 2015

Development and self-development interrelation is considered
in this paper. Teenage years’ specifics in self-development,
co-relation of self-development with self-determination and selfrealization
have been shown.
Public Goods Provision and Well-Being: Empirical Evidence Consistent with the Warm Glow Theory
Authors: Videras Julio R , Owen Ann L 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Using a broad multi-country sample, we find that individuals who contribute to the public good of environmental protection report higher levels of life satisfaction and happiness. We show that this result is robust to the use of an instrumental variables technique and provide several pieces of evidence that this positive relationship between contributions and well-being is due to a warm-glow motive. First, well-being does not increase proportionally with contributions, consistent with the warm-glow model that it is the act of giving that generates utility. Second, individuals who think of themselves as socially responsible derive greater satisfaction from their contribution to environmental protection as would be the case if the contribution reinforces a favorable self image. Interestingly, conforming to a social norm may be a motivation for some individuals, but the presence of this motive depends on individual attitudes towards social responsibility. Among those who express the highest level of social responsibility, conforming to the norm makes them less satisfied with life. However, individuals with a moderate level of social responsibility do report higher levels of happiness when their public goods contributions conform to societal norms.
The Evolution of Open Source Communities
Authors: Gutsche Joerg 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A growing body of literature has succeeded in explaining the economics of existing open source communities. However, the question why such communities come into existence has so far not been answered satisfactorily. This paper addresses this question with an evolutionary model: software developers repeatedly decide whether to use an open source or a proprietary license using boundedly rational decision rules. We analyze the resulting stochastic process and provide conditions under which open source licensing is the only long-run outcome that is stable to perturbations. It turns out that these conditions coincide with important stylized facts about thriving open source communities.
The Role of Immigration in the Retirement Age Reform : A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Lagos Francisco , Lacomba Juan 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper examines the role played by the low-skilled immigrant labor force in countries aiming to reform their public pensions systems by postponing the pensionable age. With an overlapping-generations model in continuous time and a fully redistributive pension scheme, the arrival of immigrants affects the retirement benefits of the host population in a different manner according to whether they share or not pension benefits. Our results suggest that governments attempting to delay the legal retirement age should take into account the effect of immigration on the optimal retirement age of native individuals.
The effect of trematode parthenites on the individual fecundity of Bithynia troscheli (Prosobranchia: Bithyniidae)
Authors: Serbina Elena A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe studied the long-term infection of Bithynia troscheli (Paasch, 1842) snails with trematodes and estimated the influence of trematode parthenites on the individual fecundity of female snails from the Kargat River (Chany Lake, Russia). The prevalence of B. troscheli females infected by trematode parthenites varied from 7.12% to 17.35% in different years. Eleven redioid species from 5 families and 9 sporocystoid species from 5 families of trematodes were found during this investigation. Snails’ fecundity was analysed in relation to the type of infection (redioid or sporocystoid species). Fecund females of B. troscheli were uninfected or they had pre-patent infections from 5 families of trematodes (Psilostomidae, Notocotylidae, Prosthogonimidae, Lecithodendriidae, and Cyathocotylidae). 89.9% of infected B. troscheli females were infertile. Moreover, 13.57% and 1.29% egg capsules (of infected and uninfected females, respectively) were without embryos (χ2 = 323.24, p<0.001). The results of the two-way analysis of variability confirmed that trematode parthenites influenced significantly the individual fecundity of B. troscheli. The age of B. troscheli females alone did not alter the individual fecundity, however age in combination with infection by tremathode parthenites influenced significantly the number of normal egg capsules. We also found that under unfavorable environmental conditions the proportion of fertile females increased by 23.7% among uninfected and by 219% among infected females.
First data on the parasites of Hoplias aimara (Characiformes): description of two new species of gill monogeneans (Dactylogyridae)
Authors: Moreira Juliana , Scholz Tomáš , Luque José Luis 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe first data on the parasites of the giant trahira, Hoplias aimara (Characiformes: Erythrinidae), a little known, but popular fish for sport angling, are provided. In H. aimara from the Xingu River in Brazil, two new species of gill monogeneans of the family Dactylogyridae were found and their description is provided herein. Urocleidoides aimarai n. sp. differs from all 18 congeners by the presence of a large accessory piece of the male copulatory organ and based by morphology of anchors. Urocleidoides xinguensis n. sp. is distinguished by unique combination of copulatory complex and haptoral structures.