bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate Adaptation Behaviour to Deal With Climate Change: The Influence of Firm‐Specific Interpretations of Physical Climate Impacts
Authors: Gasbarro Federica , Pinkse Jonatan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWhile business tends to be seen as a substantial factor in causing climate change, climate‐induced physical changes can also pose major challenges to firms in return. Firms can reduce their vulnerability to these changes by defining and implementing an adaptation strategy. Based on an empirical analysis of the oil and gas industry, this paper examines how the way firms interpret climate events in terms of awareness and vulnerability informs their measures to adapt to climate‐induced physical change. In the empirical analysis, the paper derives four types of adaptation behaviour – pre‐emptive, reactive, continuous, and deferred adaptation – that correspond with different degrees of awareness and vulnerability. The paper concludes with implications for management practice and policymakers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Data transfer minimization for financial derivative pricing using Monte Carlo simulation with GPU in 5G
Authors: Qiu Meikang , Cao Diqiu , Su Hai , Gai Keke 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMobile devices with an enhanced capability are desired to achieve more efficient and energy‐aware wireless communications in the future 5G networks. However, the performance of the expected hardware and networks will face a great challenge in efficiently calculating large data transmissions during the heavy wireless communications with a great number of random data. This paper proposes a novel paradigm for preventing future mobile technology implementations from the restrictions of hardware by using graphics processing units (GPUs). Our proposed mechanism is the first attempt in using GPUs to strengthen the wireless communication capability, which is proved by the experimental research and contributes to mobile technologies in 5G. We apply the Monte Carlo simulation method that is for evaluating the results of algorithms whose output depends on random variables. The experimental results show that Monte Carlo simulation based on GPU can achieve up to 25.9× speed compared with CPU‐based implementation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Favorable effects of clearly defined interventions by parents at the start of treatment of adolescents with restrictive eating disorders
Authors: Månsson Josefin , Parling Thomas , Swenne Ingemar 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo study the effect of clearly defined and decisive parental interventions at the start of treatment of restrictive eating disorders (ED) in adolescents.MethodForty‐seven adolescents with ED (anorexia nervosa = 6, bulimia nervosa = 1, EDNOS = 40) and their families participated. Parents were advised to (1) keep the adolescent home from school, (2) eat all meals together with the adolescent, (3) prevent any form of exercise, and (4) prevent vomiting during the first week of treatment. Weight change was followed up to three months and EDE‐Q administered at start of treatment and at three months.ResultsThirty (64%) of the families accomplished all four interventions during the first week of treatment. Their adolescents gained ∼1 kg of weight at one week, 2 kg at one month, and 4 kg at three months while adolescents in families who did not accomplish all four interventions gained only 1.4 kg up to three months. Scores on the EDE‐Q decreased during treatment and in adolescents of families who accomplished all four interventions they were in the range of a reference population.DiscussionDecisive parental management of eating disturbed behaviors at the start of treatment of adolescents with ED promotes later clinical outcome. The finding supports the view that family based therapies are effective in adolescent ED. Results has to be followed up for evaluation of the long term effects of this type of intervention. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:92–97)
Association with pathogenic bacteria affects life‐history traits and population growth inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Diaz S. Anaid , Mooring Eric Q. , Rens Elisabeth G. , Restif Olivier 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDetermining the relationship between individual life‐history traits and population dynamics is an essential step to understand and predict natural selection. Model organisms that can be conveniently studied experimentally at both levels are invaluable to test the rich body of theoretical literature in this area. The nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans, despite being a well‐established workhorse in genetics, has only recently received attention from ecologists and evolutionary biologists, especially with respect to its association with pathogenic bacteria. In order to start filling the gap between the two areas, we conducted a series of experiments aiming at measuring life‐history traits as well as population growth ofC. elegansin response to three different bacterial strains:Escherichia coliOP50,Salmonella entericaTyphimurium, andPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1. Whereas previous studies had established that the latter two reduced the survival of nematodes feeding on them compared toE. coliOP50, we report for the first time an enhancement in reproductive success and population growth for worms feeding onS. entericaTyphimurium. Furthermore, we used an age‐specific population dynamic model, parameterized using individual life‐history assays, to successfully predict the growth of populations over three generations. This study paves the way for more detailed and quantitative experimental investigation of the ecology and evolution ofC. elegansand the bacteria it interacts with, which could improve our understanding of the fate of opportunistic pathogens in the environment.
Lake size and fish diversity determine resource use and trophic position of a top predator in high‐latitude lakes
Authors: Eloranta Antti P. , Kahilainen Kimmo K. , Amundsen Per‐Arne , Knudsen Rune , Harrod Chris , Jones Roger I. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPrey preference of top predators and energy flow across habitat boundaries are of fundamental importance for structure and function of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as they may have strong effects on production, species diversity, and food‐web stability. In lakes, littoral and pelagic food‐web compartments are typically coupled and controlled by generalist fish top predators. However, the extent and determinants of such coupling remains a topical area of ecological research and is largely unknown in oligotrophic high‐latitude lakes. We analyzed food‐web structure and resource use by a generalist top predator, the Arctic charrSalvelinus alpinus(L.), in 17 oligotrophic subarctic lakes covering a marked gradient in size (0.5–1084 km2) and fish species richness (2–13 species). We expected top predators to shift from littoral to pelagic energy sources with increasing lake size, as the availability of pelagic prey resources and the competition for littoral prey are both likely to be higher in large lakes with multispecies fish communities. We also expected top predators to occupy a higher trophic position in lakes with greater fish species richness due to potential substitution of intermediate consumers (prey fish) and increased piscivory by top predators. Based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses, the mean reliance of Arctic charr on littoral energy sources showed a significant negative relationship with lake surface area, whereas the mean trophic position of Arctic charr, reflecting the lake food‐chain length, increased with fish species richness. These results were supported by stomach contents data demonstrating a shift of Arctic charr from an invertebrate‐dominated diet to piscivory on pelagic fish. Our study highlights that, because they determine the main energy source (littoral vs. pelagic) and the trophic position of generalist top predators, ecosystem size and fish diversity are particularly important factors influencing function and structure of food webs in high‐latitude lakes.
Monthly land cover‐specific evapotranspiration models derived from global eddy flux measurements and remote sensing data
Authors: Fang Yuan , Sun Ge , Caldwell Peter , McNulty Steven G. , Noormets Asko , Domec Jean‐Christophe , King John , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhang Xudong , Lin Guanghui , Zhou Guangsheng , Xiao Jingfeng , Chen Jiquan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) is arguably the most uncertain ecohydrologic variable for quantifying watershed water budgets. Although numerous ET and hydrological models exist, accurately predicting the effects of global change on water use and availability remains challenging because of model deficiency and/or a lack of input parameters. The objective of this study was to create a new set of monthly ET models that can better quantify landscape‐level ET with readily available meteorological and biophysical information. We integrated eddy covariance flux measurements from over 200 sites, multiple year remote sensing products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and statistical modelling. Through examining the key biophysical controls on ET by land cover type (i.e. shrubland, cropland, deciduous forest, evergreen forest, mixed forest, grassland, and savannas), we created unique ET regression models for each land cover type using different combinations of biophysical independent factors. Leaf area index and net radiation explained most of the variability of observed ET for shrubland, cropland, grassland, savannas, and evergreen forest ecosystems. In contrast, potential ET (PET) as estimated by the temperature‐based Hamon method was most useful for estimating monthly ET for deciduous and mixed forests. The more data‐demanding PET method, FAO reference ET model, had similar power as the simpler Hamon PET method for estimating actual ET. We developed three sets of monthly ET models by land cover type for different practical applications with different data availability. Our models may be used to improve water balance estimates for large basins or regions with mixed land cover types. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contested Governmentalities: NGO enrollment and influence over chemical risk governance rationales and practices
Authors: Edge Sara , Eyles John 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe assessment and management of chemical risks is a contested domain of governance. Governments are increasingly investing in multi‐stakeholder processes to address thousands of substances that are in widespread use globally, despite never having been assessed for toxicity and exposure risks to human health and the environment. Using a governmentality approach, we examine whether the increased engagement of NGOs is changing how chemical governance is being conducted in Canada. To do this, we focus on a combination of expert subjectivities, knowledge inputs and prevailing risk assessment and management practices and rationales. The advocacy of alternative conduct and approaches by NGOs (e.g. stronger regulations, reductions in production, shifted burden of proof, new knowledge practices, greater transparency of technical details etc.) is situated within relations of power between neo‐liberal states, industry and science. Various ‘enrollment’ tactics shape the influence of NGOs, which explains in part why particular practices gain ascendency over alternatives (e.g. restrictive timelines, contracts with limited funds, information access, questioning of scientific credibility etc.). The influence of NGOs is complex, as they engage within imposed rules for conduct and governance, simultaneously challenging and reinforcing dominant practices and norms. Risk governmentalities and rationales therefore shape not only the conduct of citizens, but also that of governance stakeholders themselves. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Activated NKT cells imprint NK‐cell differentiation, functionality and education
Authors: Riese Peggy , Trittel Stephanie , May Tobias , Cicin‐Sain Luka , Chambers Benedict J. , Guzmán Carlos A. 
Published: March 2015

NK cells represent a vital component of the innate immune system. The recent discoveries demonstrating that the functionality of NK cells depends on their differentiation and education status underscore their potential as targets for immune intervention. However, to exploit their full potential, a detailed understanding of the cellular interactions involved in these processes is required. In this regard, the cross‐talk between NKT cells and NK cells needs to be better understood. Our results provide strong evidence for NKT cell‐induced effects on key biological features of NK cells. NKT‐cell activation results in the generation of highly active CD27high NK cells with improved functionality. In this context, degranulation activity and IFNγ production were mainly detected in the educated subset. In a mCMV infection model, we also demonstrated that NKT‐cell stimulation induced the generation of highly functional educated and uneducated NK cells, crucial players in viral control. Thus, our findings reveal new fundamental aspects of the NKT‐NK cell axis that provide important hints for the manipulation of NK cells in clinical settings.
Synthesis and Applications of Azolylpurine and Azolylpurine Nucleoside Derivatives
Authors: Novosjolova Irina , Bizdēna Ērika , Turks Māris 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAzolylpurines and azolylpurine nucleosides have important medicinal and biological applications. They are used as adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists and also as antivirals. Several compounds of this class exhibit fluorescent properties that can be applied in biological chemistry. This review summarizes and classifies all reported classes of purine‐azole conjugates, strategies for their syntheses, and suggestions of compound classes yet to be synthesized. Synthetic methodologies directed towards purine–azole conjugates, including SNAr reactions, cyclizations of amino‐ or hydrazinylpurines, and transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, are discussed, as well as the use of selected azolylpurine derivatives as synthetic intermediates.
Exploring Emotion Recognition in Adults and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa Using a Body Motion Paradigm
Authors: Lang Katie , Dapelo Marcela Marin , Khondoker Mizanur , Morris Robin , Surguladze Simon , Treasure Janet , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveThere is consistent evidence of difficulties in social cognition in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN), but less is known about adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability to recognise emotion expressed in body movement in adults and adolescents with AN.MethodOne hundred and ninety‐three females participated in the study (AN = 97: 61 adults and 36 adolescents). The performance of participants with AN on a body emotion recognition task was compared to age‐matched healthy controls (HC = 96).ResultsAN participants were significantly worse than HC recognising sadness, with adolescent AN participants showing worse performance overall. There were no difficulties in the recognition of other emotions.DiscussionThe results partially support previous studies and the literature on facial emotion recognition, showing poorer recognition of sadness in AN. The results also suggest that difficulties in emotion recognition through body movements may be more subtle than other socio‐emotional difficulties observed in AN. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Pleiotropy Analysis of Quantitative Traits at Gene Level by Multivariate Functional Linear Models
Authors: Wang Yifan , Liu Aiyi , Mills James L. , Boehnke Michael , Wilson Alexander F. , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. , Xiong Momiao , Wu Colin O. , Fan Ruzong 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn genetics, pleiotropy describes the genetic effect of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits. A common approach is to analyze the phenotypic traits separately using univariate analyses and combine the test results through multiple comparisons. This approach may lead to low power. Multivariate functional linear models are developed to connect genetic variant data to multiple quantitative traits adjusting for covariates for a unified analysis. Three types of approximate F‐distribution tests based on Pillai–Bartlett trace, Hotelling–Lawley trace, and Wilks's Lambda are introduced to test for association between multiple quantitative traits and multiple genetic variants in one genetic region. The approximate F‐distribution tests provide much more significant results than those of F‐tests of univariate analysis and optimal sequence kernel association test (SKAT‐O). Extensive simulations were performed to evaluate the false positive rates and power performance of the proposed models and tests. We show that the approximate F‐distribution tests control the type I error rates very well. Overall, simultaneous analysis of multiple traits can increase power performance compared to an individual test of each trait. The proposed methods were applied to analyze (1) four lipid traits in eight European cohorts, and (2) three biochemical traits in the Trinity Students Study. The approximate F‐distribution tests provide much more significant results than those of F‐tests of univariate analysis and SKAT‐O for the three biochemical traits. The approximate F‐distribution tests of the proposed functional linear models are more sensitive than those of the traditional multivariate linear models that in turn are more sensitive than SKAT‐O in the univariate case. The analysis of the four lipid traits and the three biochemical traits detects more association than SKAT‐O in the univariate case.
Depletion of alveolar macrophages in CD11c diphtheria toxin receptor mice produces an inflammatory response
Authors: Roberts Lydia M. , Ledvina Hannah E. , Tuladhar Shraddha , Rana Deepa , Steele Shaun P. , Sempowski Gregory D. , Frelinger Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlveolar macrophages play a critical role in initiating the immune response to inhaled pathogens and have been shown to be the first cell type infected following intranasal inoculation with several pathogens, including Francisella tularensis. In an attempt to further dissect the role of alveolar macrophages in the immune response to Francisella, we selectively depleted alveolar macrophages using CD11c.DOG mice. CD11c.DOG mice express the diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) under control of the full CD11c promoter. Because mice do not express DTR, tissue restricted expression of the primate DTR followed by treatment with diphtheria toxin (DT) has been widely used as a tool in immunology to examine the effect of acute depletion of a specific immune subset following normal development. We successfully depleted alveolar macrophages via intranasal administration of DT. However, alveolar macrophage depletion was accompanied by many other changes to the cellular composition and cytokine/chemokine milieu in the lung that potentially impact innate and adaptive immune responses. Importantly, we observed a transient influx of neutrophils in the lung and spleen. Our experience serves as a cautionary note to other researchers using DTR mice given the complex changes that occur following DT treatment that must be taken into account when analyzing data.
Rapid Identification of Terminal Sialic Acid Linkage Isomers by Pseudo‐MS3 Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Chein‐Hung , Lin Ya‐Ping , Lin Jung‐Lee , Li Shiou‐Ting , Ren Chien‐Tai , Wu Chung‐Yi , Chen Chung‐Hsuan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe used pseudo‐triple‐stage tandem MS to rapidly differentiate terminal α(2,3)‐ and α(2,6)‐linked sialic acids of glycopeptides and native glycans. The precursor ions generate important diagnostic fragments to distinguish different terminal linked isomeric glycans and glycopeptides based on collision‐induced dissociation (CID). The diagnostic ions include hexose linked with N‐acetylhexosamine residues, sialic acid with the loss of water, and sialic acid residues. Their values of mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) are at 366.14, 274.09, and 292.10, respectively. The relative intensity ratios (RIR) were calculated by the intensity of signals at m/z 274.09 and 292.10 divided by the intensity of the signal at m/z 366.14. Under optimal conditions of an in‐source fragmentation voltage of 70 V and a normalized collision energy of 30 %, the difference in RIR of diagnostic ions between terminal α(2,3)‐linked sialic acid of glycopeptide (1.3) and terminal α(2,6)‐linked sialic acid of glycopeptide (<0.18) is the largest. Moreover, quantitative calibration curves with different percentages of α(2,3)‐ and α(2,6)‐linked sialoglycopeptides demonstrated that this method applied not only to biantennary N‐linked glycan, but also to complex and hybrid N‐linked glycans and O‐linked glycans. From measurements of the RIR of diagnostic ions, erythropoietin, fetuin, and herceptin have 98, 70, and 100 %, respectively, α(2,3)‐linked N‐sialic acid of total terminal sugar moieties. N‐Glycosylation of the antibody‐binding fragment (Fab) moiety of cetuximab has 100 % α(2,6)‐linked N‐glycolylneuraminic acid terminal glycan linkages. This method can be applied to identify compounds from chemical synthesis. It can also be used for quality evaluation of bio‐similar protein drugs.
Identification of Lectins from Metastatic Cancer Cells through Magnetic Glyconanoparticles
Authors: Kavunja Herbert W. , Voss Patricia G. , Wang John L. , Huang Xuefei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCancer cells can have characteristic carbohydrate binding properties. Previously, it was shown that a highly metastatic melanoma cell line B16F10 bound to galactoside‐functionalized nanoparticles much stronger than the corresponding less metastatic B16F1 cells. To better understand the carbohydrate binding properties of cancer cells, herein, we report the isolation and characterization of endogenous galactose binding proteins from B16F10 cells using magnetic glyconanoparticles. The galactose‐coated magnetic glyconanoparticles could bind with lectins present in the cells and be isolated through magnet‐mediated separation. Through Western blot and mass spectrometry, the arginine/serine rich splicing factor Sfrs1 was identified as a galactose‐selective endogenous lectin, overexpressed in B16F10 cells, compared with B16F1 cells. In addition, galactin‐3 was found in higher amounts in B16F10 cells. Finally, the glyconanoparticles exhibited a superior efficiency in lectin isolation, from both protein mixtures and live cells, than the corresponding more traditional microparticles functionalized with carbohydrates. Thus, the magnetic glyconanoparticles present a useful tool for discovery of endogenous lectins, as well as binding partners of lectins, without prior knowledge of protein identities.