bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Alzheimer’s disease by displacement field and machine learning
Authors: Zhang Yudong , Wang Shuihua 
Published: September 2015

Aim.Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. Recently, computer scientists have developed various methods for early detection based on computer vision and machine learning techniques.Method.In this study, we proposed a novel AD detection method by displacement field (DF) estimation between a normal brain and an AD brain. The DF was treated as the AD-related features, reduced by principal component analysis (PCA), and finally fed into three classifiers: support vector machine (SVM), generalized eigenvalue proximal SVM (GEPSVM), and twin SVM (TSVM). The 10-fold cross validation repeated 50 times.Results.The results showed the “DF + PCA + TSVM” achieved the accuracy of 92.75 ± 1.77, sensitivity of 90.56 ± 1.15, specificity of 93.37 ± 2.05, and precision of 79.61 ± 2.21. This result is better than or comparable with not only the other proposed two methods, but also ten state-of-the-art methods. Besides, our method discovers the AD is related to following brain regions disclosed in recent publications: Angular Gyrus, Anterior Cingulate, Cingulate Gyrus, Culmen, Cuneus, Fusiform Gyrus, Inferior Frontal Gyrus, Inferior Occipital Gyrus, Inferior Parietal Lobule, Inferior Semi-Lunar Lobule, Inferior Temporal Gyrus, Insula, Lateral Ventricle, Lingual Gyrus, Medial Frontal Gyrus, Middle Frontal Gyrus, Middle Occipital Gyrus, Middle Temporal Gyrus, Paracentral Lobule, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Postcentral Gyrus, Posterior Cingulate, Precentral Gyrus, Precuneus, Sub-Gyral, Superior Parietal Lobule, Superior Temporal Gyrus, Supramarginal Gyrus, and Uncus.Conclusion.The displacement filed is effective in detection of AD and related brain-regions.
Polymers of Higher Olefins
Authors: Kissin Yury V. 
Published: September 2015

The article describes polymeric materials derived from higher α‐olefins and cycloolefins. Both higher α‐olefins and cycloolefins can produce homopolymers and copolymers with ethylene. Crystalline polymers of higher α‐olefins belong to two classes of stereoregular polymers: isotactic and syndiotactic polymers. Isotactic polymers are produced with two types of catalysts: heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalysts and some bridged metallocene catalysts. Higher α‐olefins can also be polymerized with cationic initiators to amorphous oligomeric materials. Cycloolefins are polymerized via two different mechanisms: the ring‐opening metathesis reaction catalyzed with tungsten, ruthenium, or molybdenum compounds, and polymerization reactions without cycle opening catalyzed with metallocene catalysts.In addition to polymerization and processing methods, properties and various applications are also discussed.
Wacker Oxidation, The
Authors: Michel Brian W. , Steffens Laura D. , Sigman Matthew S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTerminal alkene substrates can be converted to methyl ketone products via a palladium‐catalyzed process known as the Wacker oxidation. This process has found widespread application in targeted synthesis, since alkene substrates are easily accessed and unreactive under diverse reaction conditions substrates and the resultant carbonyl products are common precursors for diverse synthetic manipulations.This chapter covers the application of the Wacker oxidation and variations of the Wacker oxidation to various types of alkene substrates. The literature covered spans the inception of the reaction in 1959 through November 2012.A discussion of the current mechanistic understanding is presented, emphasizing considerations that are relevant to synthetic application, including how the nature of the alkene substrate and nucleophiles other than water are proposed to influence the mechanistic pathways and ultimately the product distribution. The “Scope and Limitations” section is separated into discussions relating to functional group tolerance, the influence of heteroatoms proximal to the alkene substrate, and Wacker‐type oxidations that do not result in carbonyl products, such as cyclization reactions and aza‐Wacker reactions. Select applications of the Wacker oxidation in total synthesis are presented, as well as a comparison to other methods and examples of experimental conditions.
Morphologiekontrollierte Synthese von organometallischen Halogenidperowskiten mit inverser Opalstruktur
Authors: Chen Kun , Tüysüz Harun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDie fortschreitende Entwicklung im Gebiet der organometallischen Halogenidperowskite führte zu einer Suche nach Strategien zur Morphologiekontrolle, mit dem Ziel, die Leistung dieser Materialien in photovoltaischen, photonischen und optoelektronischen Anwendungen zu steigern. Die Synthese von organometallischen Halogenidperowskiten mit ausgeprägten hierarchischen Architekturen ist noch immer eine Herausforderung, und ein allgemeines Syntheseprotokoll wurde bislang nicht beschrieben. Hier berichten wir über die milde und skalierbare Synthese von organometallischen Halogenidperowskiten mit inverser Opalstruktur durch Verwendung von Polystyrol‐Opalen als harte Template. Unser Protokoll ist flexibel und mit verschiedenen Halogeniden und organischen Ammoniumverbindungen kompatibel. Die Bandlücken der OHP‐iOs können leicht angepasst werden, und die Materialien behalten ihre empfindliche Photoleitfähigkeit. Optoelektronische Messungen zeigen, dass die Morphologie einen Einfluss auf die Leitungseigenschaften der organometallischen Halogenidperowskite mit inverser Opalstruktur hat.
Employing feed splitting to eliminate the black‐hole problem of dividing‐wall distillation columns
Authors: Yuan Yang , Chen Haisheng , Yu Jieping , Huang Kejin , Li Shen , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBecause of the intensive material and thermal coupling within dividing‐wall distillation columns (DWDCs), the so‐called black‐hole (BH) problem may occur and arouse consequently uncertainties to control simultaneously the primary component compositions in the top, intermediate, and bottom products and the composition ratio between the rest components in the intermediate product. The elimination of the BH problem is attempted through the adoption of feed splitting in this work, and a systematic procedure is derived to achieve the purpose. Because feed splitting augments the decision variables for process synthesis and design, it could be used effectively to refine the relationship between the prefractionator and main distillation column involved and lead to the elimination of the BH problem. The design and operation of a DWDC fractionating an equi‐molar mixture of ethanol, propanol, and butanol are examined to evaluate the systematic procedure proposed. Both open and closed‐loop controllability assessments demonstrate that feed splitting can serve as an effective means to eliminate the BH problem. The resultant DWDC with the elimination of the BH problem is even found to exhibit improved process dynamics and controllability when three specifications have been given, respectively, to the primary components of its three products. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermo/pH Dual Responsive Mixed‐Shell Polymeric Micelles Based on the Complementary Multiple Hydrogen Bonds for Drug Delivery
Authors: Wu Qiuhua , Tang Xiuping , Liu Xue , Hou Yu , Li He , Yang Chen , Yi Jie , Song Ximing , Zhang Guolin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThermo/pH dual responsive mixed‐shell polymeric micelles based on multiple hydrogen bonding were prepared by self‐assembly of diaminotriazine‐terminated poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (DAT‐PCL), uracil‐terminated methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG‐U), and uracil‐terminated poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL‐U) at room temperature. PCL acted as the core and MPEG/PNVCL as the mixed shell. Increasing the temperature, PNVCL collapsed and enclosed the PCL core, while MPEG penetrated through the PNVCL shell, thereby leading to the formation of MPEG channels on the micelles surface. The low cytotoxicity of the mixed micelles was confirmed by an MTT assay against BGC‐823 cells. Studies on the in vitro drug release showed that a much faster release rate was observed at pH 5.0 compared to physiological pH, owing to the dissociation of hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the mixed‐shell polymeric micelles would be very promising candidates in drug delivery systems.
Multifunctional Capabilities of Grid Connected Distributed Generation System with Non‐Linear Loads
Authors: Singh Alka 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper deals with the integration of distribution energy resource (DER) connected to a three‐phase grid connected system feeding a variety of loads. The DER is controlled to provide power quality improvement capabilities viz. power factor correction, harmonic reduction, voltage regulation, and load balancing, and it is realized as a voltage source converter (VSC). The developed controller is based on Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) Theory and an energy based controller that also includes additional features viz. filtration of fundamental voltage extracted from the polluted utility grid voltages. This new controller, realized as an energy controller, is implemented over the square of the DC link voltage of the DER. The control algorithm has been tested for several power quality improvement features and works well for power factor correction, voltage regulation, harmonic reduction, and operation under unbalanced load conditions. Extensive simulation and hardware results are demonstrated on a prototype developed in the laboratory.
A fast‐responsive fluorescent probe for sulfite and its bioimaging
Authors: Wang Jiaoliang , Long Liping , Xiao Xiaoming 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA turn‐on fluorescent probe Coumarin‐SO2 based on a nucleophilic addition reaction was developed for the rapid detection of SO32– in aqueous media. The probe Coumarin‐SO2 displays excellent water solubility, fast response, highly sensitivity and highly selectivity over other biological related species. More importantly, living cell imaging experiments indicate the feasibility of using the probe for the detection of SO32– in biological systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The complexity of the relationship between neuropsychological deficits and impairment in everyday tasks after stroke
Authors: Bieńkiewicz Marta M. N. , Brandi Marie‐Luise , Hughes Charmayne , Voitl Anna , Hermsdörfer Joachim 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground and purposeA large body of research reports that stroke patients are debilitated in terms of daily independence after dismissal from the hospital unit. Patients struggle with the use of daily objects or performing complex actions. Differences between individual deficits of patients are often associated with the site of the brain damage. However, clinical studies suggest that patients exhibit varied constellations of action‐associated difficulties and neuropsychological deficits. There is a lack of conclusive evidence indicating how different neuropsychological symptoms link to the impaired ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL).Materials and methodsTo further address this matter, in this study we compared the behavior of patients with left brain damage (LBD) and right brain damage (RBD) following stroke in two naturalistic task scenarios (tea making and document filing), and compared the committed action errors to the neuropsychological screening results.ResultsWe observed mild to severe impairments in both the LBD and RBD groups amounting to 37–55% of failure rate in attainment of action goal. Interestingly, the performance on both tasks was not correlated to each other, suggesting that the tasks involved a different set of higher cognitive functions. Despite similar behavioral manifestations, in the LBD group poor task performance was related to deficits in praxis performance and unilateral tactile and visual extinction. The presence of aphasia did not correlate with task performance, except for a link between low scores in Aachen aphasia test scales and misestimation error in the tea making task. In the RBD group, difficulties with performance were primarily linked to deficit in praxis and unilateral visual extinction.ConclusionsDespite similar behavior, the underlying mechanisms of the deficits after stroke might be different (in patients with LBD and RBD) and reveal complex interlinks of cognitive networks involved in the ability to carry on everyday tasks.
B7‐H3 protein expression in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Guery Thomas , Roumier Christophe , Berthon Celine , Renneville Aline , Preudhomme Claude , Quesnel Bruno 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCostimulatory molecules are essential regulators of the immunological synapse and enable the fine‐tuning of the immune response. These mechanisms are subverted by cancer cells to evade immunosurveillance. The B7 family of costimulatory molecules comprises several ligands that may contribute to immunoescape. B7‐H3 [B7‐homolog 3 or CD276] remains poorly investigated in hematological malignancies. To determine the role B7‐H3, we analyzed the expression of this molecule in blast cells from a cohort of 111 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. B7‐H3 was expressed in blast cells with a mean fluorescence intensity ratio >3 in 30 (27%) of the 111 patients. B7‐H3 expression was higher in the M3 and M5 FAB subtypes and in cases with mutated NPM1 and wild type CEBPA. There were no significant differences found for the FLT3‐ITD or cytogenetic risk groups. The complete remission (CR) rate between the 17 B7‐H3‐positive and 58 negative patients who were treated intensively was not different. The event free survival was longer in B7‐H3‐positive patients (P = 0.014), and there was a trend toward better overall survival. However, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.053). In conclusion, B7‐H3 is one of the most strongly expressed B7‐family molecules in AML and merits further investigation.
Early lenalidomide treatment for low and intermediate‐1 International Prognostic Scoring System risk myelodysplastic syndromes with del(5q) before transfusion dependence
Authors: Oliva Esther N. , Lauseker Michael , Aloe Spiriti Maria Antonietta , Poloni Antonella , Cortelezzi Agostino , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Balleari Enrico , Sanpaolo Grazia , Volpe Antonio , Ricco Alessandra , Ronco Francesca , Alati Caterina , D'Errigo Maria Grazia , Santacaterina Irene , Kündgen Andrea , Germing Ulrich , Latagliata Roberto 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLenalidomide is approved for the treatment of transfusion‐dependent (TD) del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, few data are available in patients with transfusion‐independent (TI) del(5q) MDS. In the first, observational, part of this 2‐part study, we assessed the impact of transfusion dependence on overall survival (OS) and non‐leukemic death in untreated del(5q) MDS patients who were TD (n = 136), TI with hemoglobin (Hb) ≥10 mg/dL (n = 88), or TI with Hb <10 mg/dL (n = 96). In the second, interventional, part we assessed the quality‐of‐life (QoL) benefits and clinical efficacy of lenalidomide (10 mg/day) in 12 patients with TI del(5q) MDS and Hb <10 mg/dL. In the untreated population, OS was significantly longer in TI than in TD patients (TI [Hb ≥10 g/dL], 108 months; TI [Hb <10 g/dL], 77 months; TD, 44 months). Transfusion dependence also negatively impacted non‐leukemic death rates. In the interventional part of the study, baseline Hb levels were found to correlate significantly with physical (R = 0.666, P = 0.035) and fatigue (R = 0.604, P = 0.049) QoL scores. Median physical QoL scores improved significantly after 12 weeks' treatment with lenalidomide (+12.5; P = 0.020). Evaluable TI patients experienced early increases in Hb levels, and all attained an erythroid response. Our findings suggest that TI patients with moderate anemia may benefit from early treatment with lenalidomide.
Early‐life exposures to infectious agents and later cancer development
Authors: Vedham Vidya , Verma Mukesh , Mahabir Somdat 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThere is a growing understanding that several infectious agents are acquired in early life and this is the reason why available vaccines target the new born, infants, and adolescents. Infectious agents are associated with cancer development and it is estimated that about 20% of the world's cancer burden is attributed to infectious agents. There is a growing evidence that certain infectious agents acquired in early life can give rise to cancer development, but estimates of the cancer burden from this early‐life acquisition is unknown. In this article, we have selected five cancers (cervical, liver, Burkitt's lymphoma‐leukemia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma) and examine their links to infectious agents (HPV, HBV, HCV, EBV, and HTLV‐1) acquired in early life. For these agents, the acquisition in early life is from mother‐to‐child transmission, perinatal contact (with genital tract secretions, amniotic fluids, blood, and breast milk), saliva, sexual intercourse, and blood transfusion. We also discuss prevention strategies, address future directions, and propose mechanisms of action after a long latency period from the time of acquisition of the infectious agent in early life to cancer development.
Protein phosphatase methylesterase‐1 (PME‐1) expression predicts a favorable clinical outcome in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Elzagheid Adam , Birkman Eva‐Maria , Avoranta Tuulia , Kytölä Ville , Korkeila Eija , Syrjänen Kari , Westermarck Jukka , Sundström Jari 
Published: September 2015

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for high mortality. So far, there is lack of markers capable of predicting which patients are at risk of aggressive course of the disease. Protein phosphatase‐2A (PP2A) inhibitor proteins have recently gained interest as markers of more aggressive disease in certain cancers. Here, we report the role of PP2A inhibitor PME‐1 in CRC. PME‐1 expression was assessed from a rectal cancer patient cohort by immunohistochemistry, and correlations were performed for various clinicopathological variables and patient survival. Rectal cancer patients with higher cytoplasmic PME‐1 protein expression (above median) had less recurrences (P = 0.003, n = 195) and better disease‐free survival (DFS) than the patients with low cytoplasmic PME‐1 protein expression (below median). Analysis of PPME‐1 mRNA expression from TCGA dataset of colon and rectal adenocarcinoma (COADREAD) patient cohort confirmed high PPME1 expression as an independent protective factor predicting favorable overall survival (OS) (P = 0.005, n = 396) compared to patients with low PPME1 expression. CRC cell lines were used to study the effect of PME‐1 knockdown by siRNA on cell survival. Contrary to other cancer types, PME‐1 inhibition in CRC cell lines did not reduce the viability of cells or the expression of active phosphorylated AKT and ERK proteins. In conclusion, PME‐1 expression predicts for a favorable outcome of CRC patients. The unexpected role of PME‐1 in CRC in contrast with the oncogenic role of PP2A inhibitor proteins in other malignancies warrants further studies of cancer‐specific function for each of these proteins.
Tob1 enhances radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells involving the JNK and p38 pathways
Authors: Wu Dapeng , Zhou Weijie , Wang Shunchang , Zhou Zhenyu , Wang Sheng , Chen Lei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Tob1 on the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. The results showed that overexpression of Tob1 reduced the clonogenic growth of 231 cells and induced the rate of apoptosis. Tob1 caused an accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase and decreased the percentage of cells in S phase. We also found that overexpression of Tob1 significantly reduced the phosphorylation of JNK and p38. The activator of JNK and p38, anisomycin, attenuated the blockage of Tob1 on the cell cycle and reversed the effect of Tob1 on apoptosis. Taken together, Tob1 enhanced radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells through regulation of the JNK and p38 pathways. The results indicated that Tob1 might be a promising molecular in gene therapy for the treatment of breast cancer.
Maghemite‐Copper Nanocomposites: Applications for Ligand‐Free Cross‐Coupling (C−O, C−S, and C−N) Reactions
Authors: Sharma Rakesh K. , Gaur Rashmi , Yadav Manavi , Rathi Anuj K. , Pechousek Jiri , Petr Martin , Zboril Radek , Gawande Manoj B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA magnetically retrievable, efficient, and benign maghemite‐Cu nanocatalyst was synthesized from inexpensive precursors and applied for C−O, C−N, and C−S bond‐formation reactions. The obtained maghemite‐Cu nanocatalyst was characterized by various techniques such as XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field‐emission gun SEM with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, TEM, high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Excellent catalytic activity, ease of recovery, and reusability without a significant loss of yield make the present protocol highly sustainable to deal with industrial and environmental concerns.
Hierarchization of Mordenite as NiW Sulfide Catalysts Support: Towards Efficient Hydrodesulfurization
Authors: Wang Yi , Lancelot Christine , Lamonier Carole , Richard Frédéric , Leng Kunyue , Sun Yinyong , Rives Alain 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNiW‐based catalysts were supported on Al2O3, commercial mordenite (HM), and hierarchical mordenite prepared by acid–base–acid treatment (HM–M). Their catalytic performance was evaluated in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6‐dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6‐DMDBT) at 613 K under 4 MPa as total pressure. In the HDS of DBT, NiW/Al2O3 exhibited better catalytic activity than NiW/HM and NiW/HM–M. On the contrary, NiW/HM–M exhibited the highest catalytic performance in the HDS of 4,6‐DMDBT, attributed to different factors: an improved dispersion of the active phase, a better accessibility to the active sites owing to the creation of mesoporosity, and an additional reaction route (isomerization) owing to the acidic properties of the zeolitic support. These results show the potential interest of hierarchical mordenite as support for HDS catalysts, with the presence of mesoporosity beneficial to the HDS of large and refractory molecules.
Azidopropylvinylsulfonamide as a New Bifunctional Click Reagent for Bioorthogonal Conjugations: Application for DNA–Protein Cross‐Linking
Authors: Dadová Jitka , Vrábel Milan , Adámik Matej , Brázdová Marie , Pohl Radek , Fojta Miroslav , Hocek Michal 
Published: September 2015

AbstractN‐(3‐Azidopropyl)vinylsulfonamide was developed as a new bifunctional bioconjugation reagent suitable for the cross‐linking of biomolecules through copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition and thiol Michael addition reactions under biorthogonal conditions. The reagent is easily clicked to an acetylene‐containing DNA or protein and then reacts with cysteine‐containing peptides or proteins to form covalent cross‐links. Several examples of bioconjugations of ethynyl‐ or octadiynyl‐modified DNA with peptides, p53 protein, or alkyne‐modified human carbonic anhydrase with peptides are given.