bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ungeregelte Zweifel und politische Urteilsbildung bei Judith Shklar und Jacques Rancière
Authors: Salaverría Heidi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
One question raised by the political philosophy of Judith Shklar is whether the prevention of cruelty and injustice can be conceived in a purely negativistic manner. This paper shows, by critically reconstructing Shklar’s theory, that the attempt to identify cruelty and injustice in a negativistic way remains contradictory. Contrasting this theory with Ranciere’s concept of the political underscores this point (1). The avoidance of cruelty, which is partly based on political judgments, presupposes a specific skeptical attitude, namely one that is capable of affirming unregulated doubts (2). These unregulated doubts are inseparably aesthetic and political: not only making tangible the fractures within the given normative frame, but also keeping alive the sense for injustice, which always remains in need of renewal (3).
Challenges in Assessing PPP Performance
Authors: Seepersad Garrett , Bisnath Sunil 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Precise Point Positioning (PPP) GPS data processing technique has developed over the past 15 years to become a standard method for growing categories of positioning and navigation applications. The technique relies on single receiver point positioning combined with precise satellite orbit and clock information, pseudorange and carrier-phase observable filtering, and additional error modelling. Uniquely addressed is the current accuracy of the technique, and explains the limits of performance, which will be used to define paths for future improvements of the technology.PPP processing of over 300 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations over one week results in few millimetre positioning rms error in the north and east components and centimetre-level in the vertical (all one sigma values). These results are categorised into quality classes in order to analyse the root causes of the resultant errors: "best", "worst", multipath, antenna displacement effects, satellite availability and geometry, etc. Also of interest in PPP performance is solution convergence period. Static, conventional solutions are slow to converge, with approximately 20 minutes required for 95% of solutions to reach a horizontal accuracy of 20 cm or better.From the above analysis, the limitations of PPP and the source of these limitations are isolated, including site displacement modelling, geometric measurement strength, pseudorange multipath and noise, etc. It is argued that new ambiguity resolution and multi-GNSS PPP processing will only partially address these limitations. Improved modelling is required for: site displacement effects, pseudorange noise and multipath, and pseudorange and carrier-phase biases. As well, more robust undifferenced carrier phase ambiguity validation and improved stochastic modelling is required for the pseudorange and carrier-phase observables to allow for more realistic position uncertainties.
Identifying Important Packages of Object-Oriented Software Using Weighted k-Core Decomposition
Authors: Pan Weifeng , Hu Bo , Jiang Bo , Xie Bo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIdentifying important entities in software systems has many implications for effective resource allocation. Complex network research opens new opportunities for identifying important entities from software networks. However, the existing methods only focus on identifying important classes. Little work has been done on the identification of important packages. Moreover, the metrics they used to quantify the class importance are only designed for unweighted software networks and cannot fit in with the weighted software networks. To overcome these limitations, in this article, we introduce the weighted k-core decomposition method (Wk-core) to identify the important packages. First, we use a weighted software network to describe packages and their internal dependencies. Second, we use Wk-core to partition a software network into a layered structure. Then, the packages that are denoted by the nodes within the main core are the identified important packages. To evaluate our method, we use a variant of the susceptible–infectious–recovered model to examine the spreading influence of the nodes in six real weighted software networks. The results show that our method can well identify influential nodes, better than other four methods (i.e., original k-core decomposition, degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality methods). Furthermore, we demonstrate our method on two software networks and show that the important packages identified by our method are more meaningful from a software engineering perspective when compared with the other methods.
An improvement in the calculation of the efficiency of oxidative
phosphorylation and rate of energy dissipation in mitochondria
Authors: Ghafuri Mohazabeh , Golfar Bahareh , Nosrati Mohsen , Hoseinkhani Saman 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The process of ATP production is one of the most vital processes in living
cells which happens with a high efficiency. Thermodynamic evaluation of this
process and the factors involved in oxidative phosphorylation can provide a
valuable guide for increasing the energy production efficiency in research
and industry. Although energy transduction has been studied qualitatively in
several researches, there are only few brief reviews based on mathematical
models on this subject. In our previous work, we suggested a
mathematical model for ATP production based on non-equilibrium thermodynamic
principles. In the present study, based on the new discoveries on the
respiratory chain of animal mitochondria, Golfar's model has been used to
generate improved results for the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation
and the rate of energy loss. The results calculated from the modified
coefficients for the proton pumps of the respiratory chain enzymes are
closer to the experimental results and validate the model.
Influence of Outliers on Accuracy Estimation in Genomic Prediction in Plant Breeding
Authors: Estaghvirou Sidi Boubacar Ould , Ogutu Joseph O , Piepho Hans-Peter 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Outliers often pose problems in analyses of data in plant breeding, but their influence on the performance of methods for estimating predictive accuracy in genomic prediction studies has not yet been evaluated. Here, we evaluate the influence of outliers on the performance of methods for accuracy estimation in genomic prediction studies using simulation. We simulated 1000 datasets for each of 10 scenarios to evaluate the influence of outliers on the performance of seven methods for estimating accuracy. These scenarios are defined by the number of genotypes, marker effect variance, and magnitude of outliers. To mimic outliers, we added to one observation in each simulated dataset, in turn, 5-, 8-, and 10-times the error SD used to simulate small and large phenotypic datasets. The effect of outliers on accuracy estimation was evaluated by comparing deviations in the estimated and true accuracies for datasets with and without outliers. Outliers adversely influenced accuracy estimation, more so at small values of genetic variance or number of genotypes. A method for estimating heritability and predictive accuracy in plant breeding and another used to estimate accuracy in animal breeding were the most accurate and resistant to outliers across all scenarios and are therefore preferable for accuracy estimation in genomic prediction studies. The performances of the other five methods that use cross-validation were less consistent and varied widely across scenarios. The computing time for the methods increased as the size of outliers and sample size increased and the genetic variance decreased.
Patient Experience and Attitudes Toward Addressing the Cost of Breast Cancer Care
Authors: Irwin Blair , Kimmick Gretchen , Altomare Ivy , Marcom P. Kelly , Houck Kevin , Zafar S. Yousuf , Peppercorn Jeffrey 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background.
The American Society of Clinical Oncology views patient-physician discussion of costs as a component of high-quality care. Few data exist on patients’ views regarding how cost should be addressed in the clinic.

Methods.
We distributed a self-administered, anonymous, paper survey to consecutive patients with breast cancer presenting for a routine visit within 5 years of diagnosis at an academic cancer center. Survey questions addressed experience and preferences concerning discussions of cost and views on cost control. Results are primarily descriptive, with comparison among participants on the basis of disease stage, using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. All p values are two-sided.

Results.
We surveyed 134 participants (response rate 86%). Median age was 61 years, and 28% had stage IV disease. Although 44% of participants reported at least a moderate level of financial distress, only 14% discussed costs with their doctor; 94% agreed doctors should talk to patients about costs of care. Regarding the impact of costs on decision making, 53% felt doctors should consider direct costs to the patient, but only 38% felt doctors should consider costs to society. Moreover, 88% reported concern about costs of care, but there was no consensus on how to control costs.

Conclusion.
Most breast cancer patients want to discuss costs of care, but there is little consensus on the desired content or goal of these discussions. Further research is needed to define the role of cost discussions at the bedside and how they will contribute to the goal of high-quality and sustainable cancer care.
S-1 as Monotherapy or in Combination With Leucovorin as Second-Line Treatment in Gemcitabine-Refractory Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase II Study
Authors: Ge Feijiao , Xu Nong , Bai Yuxian , Ba Yi , Zhang Yanqiao , Li Fei , Xu Huayan , Jia Ru , Wang Yan , Lin Li , Xu Jianming 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background.
In this study, we compared the efficacy and safety of the oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 as monotherapy or in combination with leucovorin as the second-line treatment for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer whose disease had progressed on gemcitabine treatment.

Methods.
The study was a randomized, open-label, controlled study. Patients randomly received S-1 or S-1 in combination with leucovorin (SL arm) in 21-day cycles. The primary endpoint was the 6-month survival rate.

Results.
A total of 92 patients were randomized to S-1 (n = 47) and SL (n = 45). No statistically significant differences were observed between the two arms with regard to 6-month survival rates (40% vs. 49%), median overall survival (5.5 vs. 6.3 months), median progression-free survival (1.9 vs. 3.0 months), and overall response rate (4.7% vs. 8.3%). The rate of major grade 3–4 adverse events of digestive toxicity was significantly higher in the SL arm than in the S-1 arm.

Conclusion.
Compared with S-1, SL did not improve the survival of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who had failed to benefit from prior gemcitabine treatment, but SL had a higher adverse event rate.
Role of Transforming Growth Factor‐beta1 in Cyclosporine‐Induced Epithelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition in Gingival Epithelium
Authors: Fu Martin M. , Chin Yu‐Tang , Fu Earl , Chiu Hsien‐Chung , Wang Li‐Yu , Chiang Cheng‐Yang , Tu Hsiao‐Pei 
Published: October 2014

Background: It has been proposed that cyclosporin A (CsA) may induce epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gingiva. The aims of the present study are to confirm the notion that EMT occurs in human gingival epithelial (hGE) cells after CsA treatment and to investigate the role of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF‐β1) on this CsA‐induced EMT.Methods: The effects of CsA, with and without TGF‐β1 inhibitor, on the morphologic changes of primary culture of hGE cells were examined in vitro. The changes of protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of two EMT markers (E‐cadherin and alpha‐smooth muscle actin) in the hGE cells after CsA treatment with and without TGF‐β1 inhibitor were evaluated with immunocytochemistry and real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results: The epithelial cells became spindle‐like, elongated, and disassociated from neighboring cells and lost their original cobblestone monolayer pattern when CsA was added. However, the epithelial cells stayed in their original cobblestone morphology with treatment of TGF‐β1 inhibitor on top of the CsA treatment. When CsA was given, the protein and mRNA expressions of E‐cadherin and α‐SMA were significantly altered, and these alterations were significantly reversed with pretreatment of TGF‐β1 inhibitor.Conclusions: CsA could induce Type 2 EMT in gingiva by changing the morphology of epithelial cells and altering the EMT markers/effectors. The CsA‐induced gingival EMT is dependent or at least partially dependent on TGF‐β1.
Severe Chronic Periodontitis Is Associated With Endothelial and Microvascular Dysfunctions: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lira‐Junior Ronaldo , Figueredo Carlos Marcelo , Bouskela Eliete , Fischer Ricardo Guimarães 
Published: October 2014

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory chronic disease that has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endothelium has a central role in CVD pathogenesis, and chronic inflammation can make it dysfunctional, contributing to CVD emergence. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the existence of an association between severe chronic periodontitis (CP) and nailfold microvascular, gingival microvascular, and endothelial functions.Methods: Twenty‐three patients were included, 13 with severe periodontitis (median age, 46 years; interquartile range, 9.5 years) and 10 healthy control patients (median age, 35.5 years; interquartile range, 12.5 years). Clinical and laboratorial variables were gathered, and patients were examined by the following: 1) nailfold videocapillaroscopy to assess functional capillary density (FCD), capillary diameters, red blood cell velocity at rest (RBCV) and after 1‐minute arterial occlusion (RBCVmax), and time taken to reach RBCVmax (TRBCVmax); 2) side‐stream dark‐field imaging to determine gingival capillary density (GCD); and 3) venous occlusion plethysmography to assess endothelium‐dependent (% Hyper) and endothelium‐independent vasodilatation (% Nitro).Results: Patients with CP have smaller values for FCD, RBCV, RBCVmax, and % Hyper and higher values for TRBCVmax and GCD compared with controls (P <0.05). There were significant correlations between periodontal parameters with FCD, RBCV, RBCVmax, TRBCVmax, GCD, and % Hyper. There was also a negative correlation between FCD and GCD (r = −0.7; P <0.01). Associations between periodontitis and FCD, RBCVmax, TRBCVmax, GCD, and % Hyper remained significant after adjustments for age and systolic blood pressure.Conclusion: Severe CP was directly associated with endothelial and microvascular dysfunctions.
Evaluation of the Osteogenic Potential of Growth Factor–Rich Demineralized Bone Matrix In Vivo
Authors: Yu Shan‐Huey , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Chong Li‐Yen , Jheng Yi‐Han , Chang Po‐Chun 
Published: October 2014

Background: The study evaluates the osteogenic properties and biocompatibility of growth factor–rich demineralized bone matrix (GDBM) by comparing with cancellous mineralized bone matrix (CMBM) and anorganic bovine bone matrix (ABBM).Methods: Thirty‐six Sprague‐Dawley rats were used (n = 6/group/time point). To assess biocompatibility and osteoinductivity, the respective bone matrices were randomly placed in subcutaneous pouches for 7 and 28 days and evaluated by histology and osteopontin expression. Osteoconductivity was assessed by randomly implanting respective bone matrices in osteotomies on femurs for 14 and 28 days and evaluated by microcomputed tomography and histology.Results: Neither acute inflammation nor mineralized tissue was noted in any of the subcutaneous specimens, whereas expression of osteopontin was more prominent in the GDBM group. Among the femoral specimens, the greatest relative bone volume (bone volume [BV] divided by trabecular volume [TV]) and trabecular thickness was noted in the ABBM group at both time points, whereas less BV/TV was noted in GDBM group at day 14. Residual matrix particles were noted in all examined groups at both time points, without significant differences regarding defect fill between groups. The GDBM group presented similar levels of newly formed bone compartment and marrow space to those of the ABBM group.Conclusions: GDBM demonstrated acceptable biocompatibility and osteogenic potential comparable to ABBM in vivo. Further investigations in a more clinically relevant model are warranted.
Prevalence of Anogenital Warts in Men with HIV/AIDS and Associated Factors
Authors: Camargo Caio Cavassan de , Tasca Karen Ingrid , Mendes Monica Banwart , Miot Hélio Amante , Souza Lenice do Rosário de 
Published: October 2014

Abstract:

Background:
Infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world. Among the 630 million new cases of HPV that occur each year, 30 million develop anogenital warts. Although subclinical infection with HPV is the most common cause, genital warts are also associated with immunosuppression caused by HIV. In view of the high prevalence of HPV/HIV co-infection particularly among men who have sex with men, the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of anogenital warts in men with HIV/AIDS and to identify associated factors.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 159 men with HIV/AIDS consecutively selected at a referral service in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, in which the association between sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical variables and the presence of anogenital warts was evaluated. After hierarchical analysis of the data, variables presenting a p value ≤ 0.2 were entered into an unconditional multivariate logistic regression model.

Results:
Forty-nine (31%) of the HIV-positive patients had anogenital warts. The mean age was 44.6 ± 9.6 years. The main factors associated with the presence of anogenital warts were irregular antiretroviral treatment and genital herpes(HSV).

Conclusion:
The present study demonstrate that anogenital warts occur in almost one-third of the male population infected with HIV and factors associated with a higher risk of being diagnosed with anogenital warts were irregular cART use and co-infection with HSV, other variables could not be associated.
Dissolved Heavy Metal Determination and Ecotoxicological Assessment: A Case Study of the Corumbataí River (São Paulo, Brazil)
Authors: Aparecida Maranho Lucineide , Teresinha Maranho Leila , Grossi Botelho Rafael , Luiz Tornisielo Valdemar 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe aim of this one-year study (August 2009 to July 2010) was to evaluate the Corumbataí River water polluted by anthropogenic sources and see how it affects the reproduction of the microcrustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia (Richard, 1984) in laboratory conditions over seven days of exposure to water samples collected monthly at six different locations. We determined the concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), as well as physicochemical parameters such as dissolved oxygen, conductivity, water temperature, and pH. Dissolved oxygen and conductivity demonstrated anthropogenic influence, as dissolved oxygen concentration decreased and conductivity increased from the upstream to the downstream stretch of the river. The effects on C. dubia were observed in the months with high precipitation, but the toxicity cannot be associated with any particular contaminant. Heavy metal levels kept well below the limit values. Zn and Pb had the highest concentrations in the water during the sampling period, probably due to the industrial and agricultural influence. However, these levels do not seem to be associated with precipitation, which suggests that their primary source was industry. Physicochemical parameters, the ecotoxicological assay, and determination of heavy metals proved to be efficient tools to evaluate aquatic environments.
A Romanian Jew in Hollywood: Edward G. Robinson
Authors: Moldovan Raluca 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the contribution that actor Edward G. Robinson brought to the American film industry, beginning with his iconic role as gangster Little Caesar in Mervyn Le Roy’s 1931 production, and continuing with widely-acclaimed parts in classic film noirs such as Double Indemnity, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street. Edward G. Robinson was actually a Romanian Jew, born Emmanuel Goldenberg in Bucharest, in 1893, a relatively little known fact nowadays. By examining his biography, filmography and his best-known, most successful films (mentioned above), I show that Edward G. Robinson was one of classical Hollywood’s most influential actors; for instance, traits of his portrayal of Little Caesar (one of the very first American gangster films) can be found in almost all subsequent cinematic gangster figures, from Scarface to Vito Corleone. In the same vein, the doomed noir characters he played in Fritz Lang’s The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street are still considered by film critics today to be some of the finest, most nuanced examples of noir heroes. Therefore, the main body of my article will be dedicated to a more detailed analysis of these films, while the introductory section will trace his biography and discuss some of his better-known films, such as Confessions of a Nazi Spy and Key Largo. The present study highlights Edward G. Robinson’s merits and impact on the cinema industry, proving that this diminutive Romanian Jew of humble origins was indeed something of a giant during Hollywood’s classical era.
Onset of fast ice flow in Recovery Ice Stream, East Antarctica: a comparison of potential causes
Authors: Langley K. , Tinto K. , Block A. , Bell R. , Kohler J. , Scambos T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRecovery Ice Stream has multiple branches reaching far into the East Antarctic ice sheet. We use new airborne and ground-based geophysics to give the first comprehensive overview of the upper catchment and, by constraining the physical setting, to advance our understanding of the controlling mechanisms for the onset of fast flow. The 400 km wide ice stream extends towards the Recovery Subglacial Lakes, a region characterized by a crustal boundary, a change in bed roughness, a bedrock topographic step and four topographic basins (A–D), three of which (A–C) contain subglacial water. All these characteristics are considered potential causal mechanisms that contribute to the onset of fast flow. In Lakes B and C the subglacial water is located in basins with sharp downstream ridges, in contrast to the gently sloping ridge on the downstream margin of Lake A. The fastest-flowing branch of the ice stream emanates from Lake A. The presence of multiple causal mechanisms along the four Recovery Lakes allows us to identify basal water as a dominant factor for the onset of fast flow, but only if it is stored in a shallow-sided basin where it can lubricate the flow downstream. Relatively minor topographic barriers appear to inhibit streaming.