bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of chemical straightening of human hair: technical aspects, potential risks to hair fibre and health and legal issues
Authors: Miranda‐Vilela A. L. , Botelho A. J. , Muehlmann L. A. 
Published: October 2013

SynopsisPersonal image, as it relates to external beauty, has attracted much attention from the cosmetic industry, and capillary aesthetics is a leader in consumption in this area. There is a great diversity of products targeting both the treatment and beautification of hair. Among them, hair straighteners stand out with a high demand by costumers aiming at beauty, social acceptance and ease of daily hair maintenance. However, this kind of treatment affects the chemical structure of keratin and of the hair fibre, bringing up some safety concerns. Moreover, the development of hair is a dynamic and cyclic process, where the duration of growth cycles depends not only on where hair grows, but also on issues such as the individual's age, dietary habits and hormonal factors. Thus, although hair fibres are composed of dead epidermal cells, when they emerge from the scalp, there is a huge variation in natural wave and the response to hair cosmetics. Although it is possible to give the hair a cosmetically favourable appearance through the use of cosmetic products, for good results in any hair treatment, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of the process. Important information, such as the composition and structure of the hair fibres, and the composition of products and techniques available for hair straightening, must be taken into account so that the straightening process can be designed appropriately, avoiding undesirable side effects for hair fibre and for health. This review aims to address the morphology, chemical composition and molecular structure of hair fibres, as well as the products and techniques used for chemical hair relaxing, their potential risk to hair fibre and to health and the legal aspects of their use.
Genetic characterization of CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 in leporid genera Oryctolagus,Sylvilagus and Lepus
Authors: de Matos A. Lemos , Lanning D. K. , Esteves P. J. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe genetic diversity of C‐C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) ligands CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 in the leporid genera Oryctolagus, Sylvilagus and Lepus was studied. Our results demonstrate that the three CCR5 chemokine ligands are under strong purifying selection as a result of possible functional binding constraints.
Soft coagulation in partial nephrectomy without renorrhaphy: Feasibility of a new technique and early outcomes
Authors: Ota Tomonori , Komori Hiroka , Rii Jyunryo , Ochi Atsuhiko , Suzuki Koichiro , Shiga Naoki , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo study the feasibility of a new partial nephrectomy technique using soft coagulation without renorrhaphy.MethodsOpen partial nephrectomy using soft coagulation without renorrhaphy was carried out on 39 consecutive patients with renal tumors. The renal artery was clamped in the initial 23 cases (59%), whereas 16 surgeries (41%) were carried out without clamping. The resected surface of the kidney was coagulated solely by soft coagulation without renorrhaphy. Suturing was used only when the urinary collecting system was opened. The surgical results and perioperative complications were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 63.1 years. The mean tumor size was 28.2 mm (range 10–56 mm). The mean RENAL nephrometry score was 8.03 (range 4–10). The mean cold ischemic time (in clamped cases) was 25 min. The mean operative time was 193 min (range 113–310 min), and the mean estimated total blood loss was 172 mL (range 20–530 mL) in all cases. All operations were uneventful, and none required blood transfusion or conversion to nephrectomy. Postoperative complications, such as hemorrhage, urinary fistula formation and requirement of hemodialysis, were not observed. All patients had negative surgical margins, and were free of disease recurrence during the follow‐up period (3–49 months). Overall, a remarkable decrease in renal function was not evident at the end of the follow‐up period.ConclusionsThis new technique using soft coagulation appears to be safe and feasible for partial nephrectomy.
Mothers and Grandmothers on the Move: Labour Mobility and the Household Strategies of Moldovan and Ukrainian Migrant Women in Italy
Authors: Marchetti Sabrina , Venturini Alessandra 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article contributes to the understanding of the westward migration of Eastern European women, by comparing Moldovan and Ukrainian women in Italy – the most popular destination for both groups – where they are mainly employed as domestic workers and home carers. Focusing on the differences in their trajectories in this labour sector, we discuss the significance of their age at emigration and their role within their families of origin. These have an impact not only on their mobility patterns, but also on their choices of employment and general socio‐cultural integration in the host country.
A comprehensive note on “Lot‐sizing decisions for deteriorating items with two warehouses under an order‐size‐dependent trade credit”
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Chih , Chang Chun‐Tao , Teng Jinn‐Tsair 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo reduce inventory and increase sales, the supplier frequently offers the retailer a permissible delay in payments if the retailer orders more than or equal to a predetermined quantity. In 2012, Liao et al. proposed an economic order quantity model for a retailer with two warehouses when the supplier offers a permissible delay linked to order quantity. In this paper, we attempt to overcome some shortcomings of their mathematical model. Then, we apply some existing theoretical results in fractional convex programs to prove that the annual total variable cost is pseudoconvex. Hence, the optimal solution exists uniquely, which simplifies the search for the global minimum solution to a local minimum solution. Finally, we run a couple of numerical examples to illustrate the problem and compare the optimal solutions between theirs and ours.
Abdominal surgical site infections: a prospective study of determinant factors in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Muchuweti David , Jönsson Kent UG 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSIs) are reported in lower frequencies in the developed countries than in the developing world. A prospective evaluation of risk factors in 285 patients undergoing abdominal surgery procedures in Zimbabwe was therefore undertaken. Overall infection rate was 26%. The age group 30–39 years had the highest number of dirty wounds and the highest rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Multivariate regression analysis showed a correlation between wound class and SSI (P < 0·05). This was also noted for American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (P < 0·05). HIV‐infected patients had 52% SSIs and non‐infected patients had 26% (P < 0·05). Patients receiving blood transfusion had 51% SSIs and those not transfused had 17% (P < 0·01). Patients receiving pre‐ and intra‐operative prophylactic antibiotics had 18% SSIs and those receiving postoperative administration had 37% (P < 0·01). Treatment ranged from dressings only in 11% to surgical intervention in 30% resulting in prolongation of median hospital stay from 8 to 18 days (P < 0·001). Mortality was 7%. High wound class, high ASA score, blood transfusion, HIV infection and delayed use of prophylactic antibiotics were risk factors for SSIs, resulting in surgical interventions, prolonged hospital stay and mortality.
Inactivation of koi‐herpesvirus in water using bacteria isolated from carp intestines and carp habitats
Authors: Yoshida N , Sasaki R‐k , Kasai H , Yoshimizu M 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSince its first outbreak in Japan in 2003, koi‐herpesvirus (KHV) remains a challenge to the carp Cyprinus carpio L. breeding industry. In this study, inactivation of KHV in water from carp habitats (carp habitat water) was investigated with the aim of developing a model for rapidly inactivating the pathogen in aquaculture effluent. Experiments with live fish showed that, in carp habitat water, KHV lost its infectivity within 3 days. Indications were that inactivation of KHV was caused by the antagonistic activity of bacteria (anti‐KHV bacteria) in the water from carp habitats. Carp habitat water and the intestinal contents of carp were therefore screened for anti‐KHV bacteria. Of 581 bacterial isolates, 23 showed anti‐KHV activity. An effluent treatment model for the disinfection of KHV in aquaculture effluent water using anti‐KHV bacteria was developed and evaluated. The model showed a decrease in cumulative mortality and in the number of KHV genome copies in kidney tissue of fish injected with treated effluent compared with a positive control. It is thought that anti‐KHV bacteria isolated from the intestinal contents of carp and from carp habitat water can be used to control KHV outbreaks.
Simultaneous Compared With Sequential Blood Pressure Measurement Results in Smaller Inter‐Arm Blood Pressure Differences
Authors: van der Hoeven Niels V. , Lodestijn Sophie , Nanninga Stephanie , van Montfrans Gert A. , van den Born Bert‐Jan H. 
Published: October 2013

There are currently few recommendations on how to assess inter‐arm blood pressure (BP) differences. The authors compared simultaneous with sequential measurement on mean BP, inter‐arm BP differences, and within‐visit reproducibility in 240 patients stratified according to age (<50 or ≥60 years) and BP (<140/90 mm Hg or ≥140/90 mm Hg). Three simultaneous and three sequential BP measurements were taken in each patient. Starting measurement type and starting arm for sequential measurements were randomized. Mean BP and inter‐arm BP differences of the first pair and reproducibility of inter‐arm BP differences of the first and second pair were compared between both methods. Mean systolic BP was 1.3±7.5 mm Hg lower during sequential compared with simultaneous measurement (P<.01). However, the first sequential measurement was on average higher than the second, suggesting an order effect. Absolute systolic inter‐arm BP differences were smaller on simultaneous (6.2±6.7/3.3±3.5 mm Hg) compared with sequential BP measurement (7.8±7.3/4.6±5.6 mm Hg, P<.01 for both). Within‐visit reproducibility was identical (both r=0.60). Simultaneous measurement of BP at both arms reduces order effects and results in smaller inter‐arm BP differences, thereby potentially reducing unnecessary referral and diagnostic procedures.
Ribosomal Gene Polymorphism in Small Genomes: Analysis of Different 16S rRNA Sequences Expressed in the Honeybee Parasite Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia)
Authors: Sagastume Soledad , Martín‐Hernández Raquel , Higes Mariano , Henriques‐Gil Nuno 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo date, few organisms have been shown to possess variable ribosomal RNA, otherwise considered a classic example of uniformity by concerted evolution. The polymorphism for the 16S rRNA in Nosema ceranae analysed here is striking as Microsporidia are intracellular parasites which have suffered a strong reduction in their genomes and cellular organization. Moreover, N. ceranae infects the honeybee Apis mellifera, and has been associated with the colony‐loss phenomenon during the last decade. The variants of 16S rRNA include single nucleotide substitutions, one base insertion‐deletion, plus a tetranucleotide indel. We show that different gene variants are expressed. The polymorphic sites tend to be located in particular regions of the rRNA molecule, and the comparison to the Escherichia coli 16S rRNA secondary structure indicates that most variations probably do not preclude ribosomal activity. The fact that the polymorphisms in such a minimal organism as N. ceranae are maintained in samples collected worldwide suggest that the existence of differently expressed rRNA may play an adaptive role in the microsporidian.
The association between dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Alhazmi A. , Stojanovski E. , McEvoy M. , Garg M. L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies suggest that dietary pattern intake plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. A meta‐analysis was performed of existing cohort studies on the association between dietary patterns and the risk of type 2 diabetes.MethodsPertinent studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PROQUEST, MEDNAR and the Joanna Briggs Institute Library of Systematic Reviews, as well as the reference lists of all identified studies up to September 2012. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to pool relative risk (RR) estimates from individual studies to assess the relationship between dietary pattern intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I2 and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Publication bias was evaluated by visual inspection of funnel plots and was formally assessed using Egger's test.ResultsThere were fifteen cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria. There was evidence of a reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes in the highest adherence compared to the lowest adherence to healthy dietary patterns [RR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.74–0.86, P < 0.005]. An increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes was evident for the highest adherence compared to the lowest adherence to unhealthy dietary patterns (RR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.33–1.57, P < 0.005).ConclusionsThe results of this systematic review and meta‐analysis indicate that dietary patterns may be associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Novel techniques of preparing TEM samples for characterization of irradiation damage
Authors: ZHANG H. K. , LONG F. , YAO Z. , DAYMOND M.R. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryFocus ion beam preparation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples has become increasingly popular due to the relative ease of extraction of TEM foils from specific locations within a larger sample. However the sputtering damage induced by Ga ion bombardment in focus ion beam means that traditional electropolishing may be a preferable method. First, we describe a special electropolishing method for the preparation of irregular TEM samples from ex‐service nuclear reactor components, spring‐shaped spacers. This method has also been used to prepare samples from a nonirradiated component for a TEM in situ heavy ion irradiation study. Because the specimen size is small (0.7 × 0.7 × 3 mm), a sandwich installation is adopted to obtain high quality polishing. Second, we describe some modifications to a conventional TEM cross‐section sample preparation method that employs Ni electroplating. There are limitations to this method when preparing cross‐section samples from either (1) metals which are difficult to activate for electroplating, or (2) a heavy ion irradiated foil with a very shallow damage layer close to the surface, which may be affected by the electroplating process. As a consequence, a novel technique for preparing cross‐section samples was developed and is described.
Dynamin‐2 in nervous system disorders
Authors: González‐Jamett Arlek M. , Haro‐Acuña Valentina , Momboisse Fanny , Caviedes Pablo , Bevilacqua Jorge A. , Cárdenas Ana M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDynamin‐2 is a pleiotropic GTPase whose best‐known function is related to membrane scission during vesicle budding from the plasma or Golgi membranes. In the nervous system, dynamin‐2 participates in synaptic vesicle recycling, post‐synaptic receptor internalization, neurosecretion, and neuronal process extension. Some of these functions are shared with the other two dynamin isoforms. However, the involvement of dynamin‐2 in neurological illnesses points to a critical function of this isoform in the nervous system. In this regard, mutations in the dynamin‐2 gene results in two congenital neuromuscular disorders. One of them, Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease, affects myelination and peripheral nerve conduction, whereas the other, Centronuclear Myopathy, is characterized by a progressive and generalized atrophy of skeletal muscles, yet it is also associated with abnormalities in the nervous system. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphisms located in the dynamin‐2 gene have been associated with sporadic Alzheimer's disease. In the present review, we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms implicated in these neurological disorders.
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Nursing practice in stroke rehabilitation: systematic review and meta‐ethnography
Authors: Clarke David J 
Published: October 2013

Aims and objectivesTo identify and synthesise the available research evidence in order to generate an explanatory framework for nursing practice in stroke rehabilitation.BackgroundAlthough nurses are the largest professional group working with stroke survivors, there is limited understanding of nursing practice in stroke units. In particular, there is currently very little evidence in respect of nurses' involvement in poststroke rehabilitation.DesignMeta‐ethnography.MethodA systematic review was undertaken. The review question was: ‘What is the nature of nursing practice in the care and rehabilitation of inpatient stroke survivors?’ Searches of 12 electronic databases identified 14,655 publications, and after screening, 778 remained; 137 papers were obtained and 54 retained for mapping. Sixteen qualitative studies were included in the meta‐ethnography.ResultsNurses' involvement in poststroke rehabilitation was limited. Contextual factors impacted on nurses' perceptions and practice. Nurses' integration of rehabilitation skills was perceived to be contingent on adequate nurse staffing levels and management of demands on nurses' time. Team working practices and use of the built environment indicated separation of nursing and therapy work. Physical care and monitoring were prioritised. Stroke‐specific education and training was evident, but not consistent in content or approach. Stroke survivors and families needed help to understand nurses' role in rehabilitation.ConclusionThe review provides compelling evidence that there is an need to re‐examine the role of nurses in contributing to poststroke rehabilitation, including clarifying when this process can safely begin and specifying the techniques that can be integrated in nurses' practice.Relevance to clinical practiceIntegrating stroke‐specific rehabilitation skills in nurses' practice could contribute substantially to improving outcomes for stroke survivors. The explanatory framework developed from the review findings identifies issues which will need to be addressed in order to maximise nurses' contribution to the rehabilitation of stroke survivors.
Fever in children – a concept analysis
Authors: Purssell Edward 
Published: October 2013

Aims and objectivesTo undertake a concept analysis to clarify the meaning of the term ‘fever’ in children and to identify models of fever‐related belief that may help in understanding the response of parents and professionals to fever in children.BackgroundThis concept analysis was undertaken because the approach to the treatment of fever varies widely and in particular that there is often a difference between what parents want for their children, official guidelines and what professionals do in practice.DesignConcept analysis.MethodsThe study used a modified evolutionary method of concept analysis. The analysis was based on data from medical, nursing, popular and biological literature and used an iterative process to clarify the term.ResultsFever has a number of distinct uses based on its meaning and history; these include its use to indicate an illness itself, as a beneficial symptom associated with disease, and a diagnostic sign. Three models of fever‐related practice emerged from the analysis, these being a phobic‐fearful approach that drives routine treatment, a scientific approach that sees fever as a potentially adaptive and beneficial response and a scientific but pragmatic approach that recognises potential benefit but results in treatment anyway. These different uses, which are often not clarified, go some way to explaining the different approaches to its treatment.ConclusionsWhen parents, clinicians, physiologists and guideline writers discuss fever, they attribute different meanings to it, which may go some way to explaining the dissonance between theory and practice. In the absence of new knowledge, the emphasis of practitioners should therefore be on their safe use.Relevance to practiceWhen discussing the meaning and treatment of fever, it is important to understand what is meant in different circumstances. The models of fever‐related beliefs outlined here may go some way to helping this process.
Towards the development of a gender‐sensitive measure of women's mental health
Authors: Wang Yu‐Ming , Johnson Joy , Shu Bih‐Ching , Li Shih‐Ming 
Published: October 2013

Aims and objectivesTo develop a gender‐sensitive measure of women's mental health and to evaluate the measure's psychometric properties.BackgroundMental health problems are a leading global burden of disease, and gender differences in the prevalence of these problems are well documented. Improving mental health is as important as resolving mental health problems. Although many mental health scales have been developed, few measure women's positive mental health from a gender perspective.DesignInstrument development and psychometric evaluation were used.MethodsFirst, a new mental health scale (Women's Mental Health Scale) grounded in women's subjective experiences was formulated from the narratives of four female focus groups (n = 23). The new scale was evaluated using principal component analysis and internal consistency reliability in a sample of female participants (n = 106). Next, the Women's Mental Health Scale, the Chinese version of Beck Depression Inventory‐II and Social Adjustment Scale Self‐Report were used in a survey of female undergraduate students (n = 163) for examining the concurrent criterion‐related validity. Finally, gender differences were examined by assessing the discriminated validity of the Women's Mental Health Scale in a sample of male and female undergraduate students (n = 357). All participants were recruited from communities and universities in middle and south Taiwan.ResultsA 50‐item Women's Mental Health Scale with four concepts of self, interpersonal, family and social domains was developed. It revealed that the Women's Mental Health Scale had acceptable psychometric properties. There was a significant negative correlation between scores of the Women's Mental Health Scale and the Chinese version of Beck Depression Inventory‐II and a significant positive correlation between scores of the Women's Mental Health Scale and Social Adjustment Scale Self‐Report. There were significant gender differences in the family domain and social domain. Women reported greater mental health in the family domain and social domain than men.ConclusionsThe Women's Mental Health Scale is a promising gender‐sensitive tool to measure women's mental health.Relevance to clinical practiceThe Women's Mental Health Scale appears to be a gender‐sensitive measure to assess the positive mental health potentials among women population.