bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Security and subjective wellbeing: the experiences of unaccompanied young people seeking asylum in the UK
Authors: Chase Elaine 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article considers the relevance of the notion of ontological security – a sense of order, stability, routine and predictability to life – to contemporary conceptualisations of wellbeing. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with unaccompanied young people seeking asylum in the UK, it demonstrates how a positive sense of self and being able to visualise a place and role in the world into the future were integral to their notion of wellbeing, offering an important counter to the pervasive sense of living in limbo. The article argues that this fundamental need for a projected self is largely neglected in contemporary discussions on wellbeing. To date the idea of security as a determinant of wellbeing has been primarily constructed around the notion of protection from harm and the provision of the requirements for physical, emotional, economic and social wellbeing in the here and now. Findings from this research suggest that those providing services and support to young people who have experienced trauma need to consider how they might best nurture in them a sense of place, belonging and security into the future. Equally, they have implications for how we conceptualise and operationalise wellbeing more generally.
The Mid‐Eighteenth‐Century Georgic and Agricultural Improvement
Authors: BUCKNELL CLARE 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDuring the eighteenth century the didactic precepts of Virgil's Georgics were read as practical guidance by an emerging class of professional farmers, and a set of original vernacular georgics were written on agricultural improvement. Examining Smart's The Hop‐Garden, Dodsley's Agriculture, Dyer's The Fleece and Jago's Edge‐Hill, I argue that they offer a confident, progressive and scientific approach to land cultivation, revising the inherited attitudes of Virgilian georgic. I suggest, though, that this poetics of improvement provides one reason for the decline of the georgic didactic tradition, as it becomes unable to offer comprehensive instruction on a specialised field of knowledge.
PARP1 inhibition affects pleural mesothelioma cell viability and uncouples AKT/mTOR axis via SIRT1
Authors: Pinton Giulia , Manente Arcangela Gabriella , Murer Bruno , De Marino Elvira , Mutti Luciano , Moro Laura 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMalignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MMe) is a rare but increasingly prevalent, highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. The aetiology of MMe is essentially a function of previous exposure to asbestos fibres, which are considered to be an early‐stage carcinogen. Asbestos is toxic to human mesothelial cells (HMCs), that activate the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP1) to repair DNA. The targeting of PARP1 is showing considerable potential for delivering selective tumour cell kill while sparing normal cells, and offers a scientifically rational clinical application. We investigated PARP1 expression in normal mesothelial and MMe tissues samples. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed low PARP1 staining in peritumoural mesothelium. As opposite, a progressive increase in epithelioid and in the most aggressive sarcomatoid MMe tissues was evident. In MMe cell lines, we correlated increased PARP1 expression to sensitivity to its inhibitor CO‐338 and demonstrated that CO‐338 significantly reduced cell viability as single agent and was synergistic with cis‐platin. Interestingly, we described a new correlation between PARP1 and the AKT/mTOR axis regulated by SIRT1. SIRT1 has a role in the modulation of AKT activation and PARP1 has been described to be a gatekeeper for SIRT1 activity by limiting NAD+ availability. Here, we firstly demonstrate an inverse correlation between AKT acetylation and phosphorylation modulated by SIRT1 in MMe cells treated with CO‐338. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PARP1 overexpression defines increased responsiveness to its inhibition, then these results imply that a substantial fraction of patients could be candidates for therapy with PARP inhibitors.
A new therapeutic option for facial seborrhoeic dermatitis: indole‐3‐acetic acid photodynamic therapy
Authors: Kwon S.H. , Jeong M.Y. , Park K.C. , Youn S.W. , Huh C.H. , Na J.I. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground  Indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) is a newly introduced photosensitizer of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for acne, presenting sebum‐reducing, anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial activity.Objective  This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IAA‐PDT in the treatment of facial seborrhoeic dermatitis.Method  In this prospective, single‐blinded, 6‐week trial, 23 patients with facial seborrhoeic dermatitis were treated with IAA‐PDT with green light (520 nm) three times with 1‐week intervals. Patients were evaluated at baseline, week 1, 2, 3 and week 6 (3 weeks after last treatment). Efficacy was determined by Seborrhoeic dermatitis Area and Severity Index (SASI), patient’s assessment of the symptoms (4‐point scale of itchiness, burning, erythema, scale and tightness), sebum secretion rate (measured with Sebumeter®), Erythema Index (EI, measured with Mexameter®) and physician’s photographic assessment. Safety was evaluated by questionnaire at each visit.Result  For the 22 subjects completing the trial, SASI and total symptom significantly improved at week 2, which lasted until week 6. Sebum excretion was significantly reduced at week 2 and stayed reduced until week 6. EI presented continuous reduction throughout the study. Photographic assessment showed significant improvement at each visit. The procedure was painless, and no adverse event was observed during and after the treatment.Conclusion  IAA‐PDT is a safe and effective therapeutic option for facial seborrhoeic dermatitis.
Rapid on‐site evaluation by endosonographer during endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration for pancreatic solid masses
Authors: Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Yoshida Makoto , Ono Michihiro , Sato Tsutomu , Miyanishi Koji , Sato Yasushi , Kobune Masayoshi , Takimoto Rishu , Mitsuhashi Tomoko , Asanuma Hiroko , Ogino Jiro , Hasegawa Tadashi , Sonoda Tomoko , Kato Junji 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is an established diagnostic method for patients with suspected pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) has been reported to improve the accuracy. However, an on‐site cytopathologist is not routinely available in many institutions. One of the solutions may be ROSE by endosonographer. The aim was to examine whether diagnostic accuracy increases through ROSE by endosonographer using our cytological criteria.MethodsPatients who underwent EUS‐FNA of solid pancreatic masses from January 2006 to August 2009 (n = 53, period 1) and September 2009 to April 2011 (n = 85, period 2) were retrospectively identified. Before initiating ROSE at the start of period 2, two endosonographers underwent training for cytological interpretation, which was focused on four cytological features of pancreatic ductal carcinoma: anisonucleosis, nuclear membrane irregularity, overlapping, and enlargement. During EUS‐FNA in period 2, endosonographers classified the Diff‐Quik smears under three atypical grades and evaluated the adequacy. All diagnoses were made by one pathologist without knowledge of clinical information.ResultsThe rate of “inconclusive” diagnoses, interpreted as “suspicious,” “atypical,” and “inadequate for diagnosis” was reduced from 26.4% in period 1 to 8.2% in period 2 (P = 0.004). Moreover, diagnostic accuracy was increased from 69.2% in period 1 to 91.8% in period 2 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis cytological grading system used in ROSE by endosonographers is invaluable for the diagnosis of pancreatic solid masses.
Surgery as primary prophylaxis from variceal bleeding in patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction
Authors: Pal Sujoy , Mangla Vivek , Radhakrishna Patta , Sahni Peush , Pande Girish Kumar , Acharya Subrat Kumar , Chattopadhyay Tushar Kanti , Nundy Samiran 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground and AimIn patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHO), death is usually due to variceal bleeding. This is more so in developing countries where there is a lack of tertiary health‐care facilities and blood banks. Prophylactic operations in cirrhotics have been found to be deleterious. In contrast, patients with EHO have well‐preserved liver function, and we therefore investigated the role of prophylactic surgery to prevent variceal bleeding.MethodsBetween 1976 and 2010, we operated on selected patients with EHO, who had no history of variceal bleeding but had “high‐risk” esophagogastric varices or severe portal hypertensive gastropathy and/or hypersplenism, and came from remote areas with poor access to tertiary health care. Following surgery, these patients were prospectively followed up with regard to mortality, variceal bleeding, encephalopathy, and liver function.ResultsA total of 114 patients (67 males; mean age 19 years) underwent prophylactic operations (proximal splenorenal shunts 98 [86%]; esophagogastric devascularization 16). Postoperative mortality was 0.9%. Among 89(79%) patients who were followed up (mean 60 months), hypersplenism was cured, and six (6.7%) developed variceal bleeding. The latter were managed successfully by endoscopic sclerotherapy. No patient developed overwhelming post‐splenectomy sepsis or encephalopathy, and 90% were free of symptoms.ConclusionIn patients with EHO, prophylactic surgery is fairly safe and prevents variceal bleeding in ∼ 94% of patients with no occurrence of portosystemic encephalopathy. Patients with EHO who have not bled but have high‐risk varices and/or hypersplenism, and poor access to medical facilities should be offered prophylactic operations.
Evolute‐based Hough transform method for characterization of ellipsoids
Authors: KAYTANLI B. , VALENTINE M.T. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryWe propose a novel and algorithmically simple Hough transform method that exploits the geometric properties of ellipses to enable the robust determination of the ellipse position and properties. We make use of the unique features of the evolute created by Hough voting along the gradient vectors of a two‐dimensional image to determine the ellipse centre, orientation and aspect ratio. A second one‐dimensional voting is performed on the minor axis to uniquely determine the ellipse size. This reduction of search space substantially simplifies the algorithmic complexity. To demonstrate the accuracy of our method, we present analysis of single and multiple ellipsoidal particles, including polydisperse and imperfect ellipsoids, in both simulated images and electron micrographs. Given its mathematical simplicity, ease of implementation and reasonable algorithmic completion time, we anticipate that the proposed method will be broadly useful for image processing of ellipsoidal particles, including their detection and tracking for studies of colloidal suspensions, and for applications to drug delivery and microrheology.
New image colocalization coefficient for fluorescence microscopy to quantify (bio‐)molecular interactions
Authors: HERCE H.D. , CASAS‐DELUCCHI C.S. , CARDOSO M.C. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe spatial relationship, or degree of colocalization, between two or more types of molecules in live cells is commonly detected using fluorescence microscopy. This spatial distribution can be used to estimate the interaction between fluorescently labelled molecules. These interactions are usually quantified by analysing the correlation and/or the overlap between images, using the Pearson's and Manders’ coefficients, respectively. However, the correlation and overlap coefficients are parameters not designed to quantify molecular interactions. Here we propose a new colocalization coefficient specifically designed to quantify the interactions between molecules. In well‐defined thermodynamic ensembles, this coefficient can in principle be used to calculate relevant statistical thermodynamic quantities such as binding free energies.
Early re‐presentation to hospital after discharge from an acute medical unit: perspectives of older patients, their family caregivers and health professionals
Authors: Slatyer Susan , Toye Christine , Popescu Aurora , Young Jeanne , Matthews Anne , Hill Andrew , Williamson D James 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore the perceptions of older patients who re‐presented to hospital within 28 days of discharge from an acute medical unit (AMU), their family caregivers and appropriately experienced health professionals.BackgroundHospitals are increasingly using AMUs to provide rapid assessment and treatment for medical patients. Evidence of efficacy is building, however in‐depth exploration of the experiences of older patients who re‐present to hospital soon after discharge from an AMU, and those who care for them, appears to be lacking.DesignA qualitative, descriptive design was used.MethodsIn 2007, our team purposively sampled older patients who re‐presented to hospital within 28 days of discharge from an AMU (n = 12), family caregivers (n = 15), and health professionals (n = 35). Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews and subjected to thematic content analysis.ResultsFour themes emerged: the health trajectory, communication challenges, discharge readiness and the decision to return. Re‐presentation to hospital was seen as part of a declining health trajectory. The AMU was viewed as treating acute illness well, however patients and family caregivers left hospital with limited understanding of underlying health problems and, therefore, ill‐prepared for future health crises.ConclusionThere are clear benefits for older patients from AMUs, which expedite treatment for acute health crises. However, AMU discharge planning needs to consider patients' overall health status and likely future needs to optimise outcomes. Such a requirement is problematic in the context of acute time pressures.Relevance to clinical practiceTo ensure prompt and expert attention to key aspects of discharge planning for older people leaving AMUs, there is a role for in‐depth clinical expertise in the care of older people facing deteriorating life‐limiting conditions. Therefore, a leadership role for nurses with geriatric and palliative care expertise, alongside medical and allied health professionals, merits attention in this context.
Difficulties, coping strategies, satisfaction and burden in informal Portuguese caregivers
Authors: Sequeira Carlos 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesTo characterise the main difficulties, coping strategies, sources of satisfaction and levels of burden disclosed by informal caregivers of older people who are dependent due to physical and mental causes, in the Portuguese context and to compare the impact between caregivers for older people with physical dependence and caregivers for older people with mental dependence.BackgroundCaring for a dependent older person is a complex process that puts two people in interaction, each with their own traits and their own histories of private life. When performing this role, the care provider needs to know how to deal with difficulties through a range of coping strategies. The outcome of this relationship may result in burden as a result of the volume of care, the complexity of care or the caregiver's inability to provide needed care. Caring for a family member can also be a source of satisfaction thanks to the pleasure of giving back and/or providing well‐being.DesignThis is a quantitative, analytical and correlational study.MethodsThis study was conducted among two distinct groups–caregivers of older people without dementia (physical impairment) and caregivers of patients with dementia (impairment of a predominantly cognitive nature). Data were collected by administering a previously defined questionnaire that sought to gather various sorts of information (sociodemographic, clinical and environmental) and that included certain specific instruments, such as dependency ratio, cognitive assessment tests, an index of difficulties, a satisfaction index, an index of coping strategies and a burden scale.ResultsThe sample consisted in 184 caregivers over 40 years of age, of which, 101 cared for dependent people without cognitive impairment and 83 cared for people with dementia. Most caregivers were women (87%), most were married (78·8%), with a low level of education (33·7% did not complete primary school and only 7·1% had any postsecondary education). Most were spouses or daughters (75·5%). The caregivers of older patients with dementia had lower levels of satisfaction, with a mean difference of 12·95 percentage points, p < 0·001. It appears that caring for older people with dementia implies a greater burden, with a mean difference of 15·4 percentage points, p < 0·001. There is a strong correlation between difficulties and burden (r = 0·89, p < 0·001) and between the effectiveness of coping strategies and satisfaction (r = 0·92, p < 0·001).ConclusionsThis study suggests that caregivers of older people with dementia are more vulnerable due to their higher levels of burden, which are associated with higher levels of difficulties and reduced sources of satisfaction.Relevance to clinical practiceThese data are essential for the management and implementation of health programmes that can reduce the vulnerability of caregivers. Programmes should address caregivers' difficulties and burden as a way to promote satisfaction with providing care.
Resistance to herbicides caused by single amino acid mutations in acetyl‐CoA carboxylase in resistant populations of grassy weeds
Authors: Jang SoRi , Marjanovic Jasmina , Gornicki Piotr 
Published: January 2013

Summary

Eleven spontaneous mutations of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase have been identified in many herbicide‐resistant populations of 42 species of grassy weeds, hampering application of aryloxyphenoxypropionate, cyclohexadione and phenylpyrazoline herbicides in agriculture.

IC50 shifts (resistance indices) caused by herbicide‐resistant mutations were determined using a recombinant yeast system that allows comparison of the effects of single amino acid mutations in the same biochemical background, avoiding the complexity inherent in the in planta experiments. The effect of six mutations on the sensitivity of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase to nine herbicides representing the three chemical classes was studied.

A combination of partially overlapping binding sites of the three classes of herbicides and the structure of their variable parts explains cross‐resistance among and between the three classes of inhibitors, as well as differences in their specificity. Some degree of resistance was detected for 51 of 54 herbicide/mutation combinations.

Introduction of new herbicides targeting acetyl‐CoA carboxylase will depend on their ability to overcome the high degree of cross‐resistance already existing in weed populations.
Procedural pain in neonates: the state of the art in the implementation of national guidelines in Italy
Authors: Lago Paola , Garetti Elisabetta , Boccuzzo Giovanna , Merazzi Daniele , Pirelli Anna , Pieragostini Luisa , Piga Simone , Cuttini Marina , Ancora Gina 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundNational and international guidelines have been published on pain control and prevention in the newborn, but data on compliance with these guidelines are lacking.AimTo document current hospital practices for analgesia at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) 5 years after national guidelines were published in Italy.MethodsA computer‐based questionnaire was sent to all registered Italian level II and level III NICUs to investigate their routine pain control practices.Main outcome measuresThe analgesia and sedation currently used for invasive procedures as compared with best practices.ResultsThe questionnaire was returned by 103 of the 118 NICUs (87.3%), most of which (85.4%) knew of the national guidelines on procedural pain control and prevention, and used some analgesic measures during invasive procedures. One or more nonpharmacological interventions were only used routinely by 64.1% of the NICUs for heel pricks and venipuncture, 56.0% for percutaneous insertion of central catheters, 69.7% for nasal CPAP, and 62.4% for eye tests to screen for retinopathy of prematurity. Pain medication was routinely administered at 34.3% NICUs for tracheal intubation, 46.6% for mechanical ventilation (MV), 12.9% for tracheal aspiration, 71.4% for chest tube insertion, 33.0% for lumbar puncture, and 64.0% for postoperative pain. Pain was routinely monitored at only 22.7% of the units during MV, 12.1% for nCPAP, and 21.8% postoperatively.ConclusionThis survey showed that most Italian NICUs provide some form of analgesia and sedation for invasive procedures in accordance with national guidelines, but their routine adherence to best practices for pain control and monitoring is still suboptimal.
Near infrared spectroscopy: clinical and research uses
Authors: Hampton David A. , Schreiber Martin A. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundPulse oximetry is routinely used to measure hemoglobin saturation and is currently the gold standard to assess oxygenation in patients. Due to attenuation of infrared light by skin, bone, and other organs, pulse oximetry cannot assess end‐organ tissue oxygenation (StO2). Near infrared spectroscopy (NIS) penetrates a broad range of tissues and utilizes reflection rather than direct transmission between an emitter and receiver pair. NIS is able to measure StO2 and assess end‐organ perfusion in a variety of applications.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective review of recent animal and human StO2 studies was undertaken. StO2 measurements and outcomes were assessed.ResultsStO2 measurements identified visceral organ ischemia in animal hemorrhage models. These measurements were also able to guide optimization of resuscitation and end‐organ oxygenation. Human studies demonstrated StO2 changes preceded those seen in traditionally measured parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, base deficit, serum lactate, and mental status. Additionally, StO2 thresholds identified trauma patients who required massive transfusions, developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, or experienced lower extremity compartment syndrome. StO2 measurements also demonstrated a benefit in selecting resuscitation fluids, assessing end‐organ oxygenation during blood transfusion, and quantifying the oxygen‐carrying deficit secondary to the blood storage lesion.ConclusionStO2 measurements have been used to guide resuscitation efforts in trauma patients. This technology and its applications continue to evolve and represent a novel change in patient care.