bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk communication discourse among ecological risk assessment professionals and its implications for communication with nonexperts
Authors: Hunka Agnieszka D , Palmqvist Annemette , Thorbek Pernille , Forbes Valery E 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Risk communication, especially to the general public and end users of plant protection products, is an important challenge. Currently, much of the risk communication the general public receives is via the popular press, and risk managers face the challenge of presenting their decisions and their scientific basis to the general public in an understandable way. Therefore, we decided to explore the obstacles in risk communication, as done by expert risk assessors and managers. Using the discourse analysis framework and readability tests, we studied perspectives of 3 stakeholder groups—regulators, industry representatives, and academics across Europe. We conducted 30 confidential interviews (10 participants in each group), with part of the interview guide focused on communication of pesticide risk to the general public and the ideas experts in the field of risk assessment and management hold of the public perception of pesticides. We used the key informant approach in recruiting our participants. They were first identified as key stakeholders in ecological risk assessment of pesticides and then sampled by means of a snowball sampling technique. In the analysis, first we identified main motifs (themes) in each group, and then we moved to studying length of the sentences and grammar and to uncovering discourses present in the text data. We also used the Flesch Reading Ease test to determine the comprehension difficulty of transcribed interviews. The test is commonly used as a standard for estimating the readability of technical documents. Our results highlight 3 main obstacles standing in the way of effective communication with wider audiences. First of all, ecological risk assessment as a highly technical procedure uses the specific language of ecological risk assessment, which is also highly specialized and might be difficult to comprehend by nonexperts. Second, the idea of existing “expert–lay discrepancy,” a phenomenon described in risk perception studies is visibly present in the experts' opinions. Finally, the communication flow among stakeholders was perceived as flawed, e.g., our participants did not consider themselves fully included in the communication process, despite taking part in many networks. Interestingly, both studies on the role of trust in risk perception, and research on links between daily choices and perceived risk, show that the public is more likely to rely on experts they can trust, than the experts in our study were inclined to think. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:616–622. © 2013 SETAC
Anti‐inflammatory/regulatory cytokine microenvironment mediated by IL‐4 and IL‐10 coordinates the immune response in hemophilia A patients infected chronically with Hepatitis C virus
Authors: Pimentel João Paulo , Chaves Daniel Gonçalves , Araújo Ana Ruth Silva , de Araújo Erbênia Maria Martins , da Silva Fraporti Liziara , Neves Walter Luiz Lima , Tarragô Andrea Monteiro , Torres Katia Luz , Gentz Solange Henschke Lima , Teixeira‐Carvalho Andréa , Martins‐Filho Olindo Assis , Malheiro Adriana 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the past decades patients with hemophilia were infected commonly by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and a significant number of patients are infected chronically. Focusing on the role of the immune system for controlling and or maintaining HCV infection, the leukocyte and cytokine profiles of peripheral blood from hemophilia A patients and other patients with and without HCV infection were studied. The results demonstrated that hemophilia A is characterized by a general state of circulating leukocytes activation along with an overall increase in the frequency of IL‐6 and IL‐10 with decrease of IL‐8 and IL‐12. HCV infection of patients with hemophilia A does not influence further the activation state of circulating leukocytes but is accompanied by lower levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and a prominent anti‐inflammatory/regulatory serum cytokine pattern, mediated by IL‐4 and IL‐10. Additionally, the results demonstrated that hemophilia A patients infected with HCV displaying No/Low antibody response to C33c and C22 have significant lower viral load and higher serum levels of IL‐12 and IL‐4. This finding suggests that the differential RIBA reactivity to C33c/C22 HCV core proteins may have a putative value as a prognostic biomarker for the infection in hemophilia A patients. J. Med. Virol. 85: 1009–1018, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tourism and Long‐run Economic Growth in Aruba
Authors: Ridderstaat Jorge , Croes Robertico , Nijkamp Peter 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis study examines the long‐run relationship between tourism development and economic growth in a small island destination. Determining whether the nature of the relationship is unidirectional or bidirectional provides insightful information as to policies to be implemented. This information is crucial in a resource‐poor environment, such as a small island destination. The study employs an econometric methodology consisting of unit root testing, co‐integration analysis, vector error correction modeling and Granger causality testing. Results confirm the reciprocal hypothesis. The policy implication is that resource allocation supporting both the tourism and tourism‐related industries could benefit both tourism development and economic growth. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterning Surfaces for Controlled Platelet Adhesion and Detection of Dysfunctional Platelets
Authors: Ye Wei , Shi Qiang , Wong Shing‐Chung , Hou Jianwen , Shi Hengchong , Yin Jinghua 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPlatelets play a fundamental role in thrombus formation and in the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis. Patterning surfaces for controlled platelet adhesion paves the way for adhesion and activation mechanisms in platelets and detection of platelet functional defects. Here, a new and simple method based on controlled polymerization of 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) on the surface of styrene‐block‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐block‐styrene (SEBS) is shown. The competition between polymerization and degradation enables platelet adhesion on SEBS to be switched on and off. The adhesive sites of the platelets can be down to single cell level, and the dysfunctional platelets can be quantitatively detected. magnified image
Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐alt‐terthiophene Copolymers Containing Styryl‐Triphenylamine Side Chains: Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performance Optimization with Fullerene Acceptors
Authors: Wang Xitian , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Tang Wenli , Shen Suling , Liu Guo , Chi Dan , Li Yongfang , Wang Jizheng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA new two‐dimensional‐conjugated polymer (PBDTT3‐TPA) containing benzodithiophene (BDT) and a side chain isolation comonomer is designed and synthesized. Interestingly, PBDTT3‐TPA is compatible with higher lowest unoccupied molecular level (LUMO) acceptors of indene‐C60 bisadduct (ICBA), and polymer solar cells based on PBDTT3‐TPA/ICBA show an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of ca. 0.80 V and a power conversion efficiency of 2.48% under AM1.5G illumination of at 100 mW cm−2. Furthermore, the energy loss in the corresponding fullerene acceptor devices is discussed, and the increase in the observed VOC is explained quantitatively by the up‐shifted LUMO energy of ICBA (0.17 eV) and the reduced saturation current (JSO) in the blends.magnified image
Existence results of periodic solutions for third‐order nonlinear singular differential equation
Authors: Ren Jingli , Cheng Zhibo , Chen Yueli 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUsing Green's function for third‐order differential equation and some fixed‐point theorems, i.e., Leray‐Schauder alternative principle and Schauder's fixed point theorem, we establish three new existence results of periodic solutions for nonlinear third‐order singular differential equation, which extend and improve significantly existing results in the literature.
Point value characterizations and related results in the full Colombeau algebras \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${{\mathcal {G}}^e(\Omega )}$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${{\mathcal {G}}^d(\Omega )}$\end{document}
Authors: Nigsch Eduard A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present a point value characterization for elements of the elementary full Colombeau algebra \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal {G}}^e(\Omega )$\end{document} and the diffeomorphism invariant full Colombeau algebra \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal {G}^d(\Omega )$\end{document}. Moreover, several results from the special algebra \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal {G}}^s(\Omega )$\end{document} about generalized numbers and invertibility are extended to the elementary full algebra.
Clinical response to chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients is linked to defects in mitochondria
Authors: Aichler Michaela , Elsner Mareike , Ludyga Natalie , Feuchtinger Annette , Zangen Verena , Maier Stefan K , Balluff Benjamin , Schöne Cédrik , Hierber Ludwig , Braselmann Herbert , Meding Stephan , Rauser Sandra , Zischka Hans , Aubele Michaela , Schmitt Manfred , Feith Marcus , Hauck Stefanie M , Ueffing Marius , Langer Rupert , Kuster Bernhard , Zitzelsberger Horst , Höfler Heinz , Walch Axel K 
Published: April 2013

AbstractChemotherapeutic drugs kill cancer cells, but it is unclear why this happens in responding patients but not in non‐responders. Proteomic profiles of patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma may be helpful in predicting response and selecting more effective treatment strategies. In this study, pretherapeutic oesophageal adenocarcinoma biopsies were analysed for proteomic changes associated with response to chemotherapy by MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. Resulting candidate proteins were identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and investigated for functional relevance in vitro. Clinical impact was validated in pretherapeutic biopsies from an independent patient cohort. Studies on the incidence of these defects in other solid tumours were included. We discovered that clinical response to cisplatin correlated with pre‐existing defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes of cancer cells, caused by loss of specific cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunits. Knockdown of a COX protein altered chemosensitivity in vitro, increasing the propensity of cancer cells to undergo cell death following cisplatin treatment. In an independent validation, patients with reduced COX protein expression prior to treatment exhibited favourable clinical outcomes to chemotherapy, whereas tumours with unchanged COX expression were chemoresistant. In conclusion, previously undiscovered pre‐existing defects in mitochondrial respiratory complexes cause cancer cells to become chemosensitive: mitochondrial defects lower the cells' threshold for undergoing cell death in response to cisplatin. By contrast, cancer cells with intact mitochondrial respiratory complexes are chemoresistant and have a high threshold for cisplatin‐induced cell death. This connection between mitochondrial respiration and chemosensitivity is relevant to anticancer therapeutics that target the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relation between prospective memory and working memory: Evidence from event‐related potential data
Authors: Wang Ya , Cao Xiao‐yan , Cui Ji‐fang , Shum David H. K. , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEvent‐related potentials were used in this study to investigate the neural correlates of prospective memory and whether working memory is involved in prospective remembering. Thirty undergraduate or graduate students participated in the study. All participants completed a working memory test, namely, the Chinese Letter‐Number Span Test, and were divided into two groups: the longer and shorter working memory span groups. They also undertook a prospective memory task while electrophysiological data were recorded. The results showed that participants in the longer working memory span group had shorter reaction times and smaller amplitudes in prospective positivity than participants in the shorter working memory span group. The results suggested that working memory resources are involved in the intention retrieval process of prospective remembering.
Noninvasive prenatal detection of sex chromosomal aneuploidies by sequencing circulating cell‐free DNA from maternal plasma
Authors: Mazloom Amin R. , Džakula Željko , Oeth Paul , Wang Huiquan , Jensen Taylor , Tynan John , McCullough Ron , Saldivar Juan‐Sebastian , Ehrich Mathias , van den Boom Dirk , Bombard Allan T. , Maeder Margo , McLennan Graham , Meschino Wendy , Palomaki Glenn E. , Canick Jacob A. , Deciu Cosmin 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveWhole‐genome sequencing of circulating cell free (ccf) DNA from maternal plasma has enabled noninvasive prenatal testing for common autosomal aneuploidies. The purpose of this study was to extend the detection to include common sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs): [47,XXX], [45,X], [47,XXY], and [47,XYY] syndromes.MethodMassively parallel sequencing was performed on ccf DNA isolated from the plasma of 1564 pregnant women with known fetal karyotype. A classification algorithm for SCA detection was constructed and trained on this cohort. Another study of 411 maternal samples from women with blinded‐to‐laboratory fetal karyotypes was then performed to determine the accuracy of the classification algorithm.ResultsIn the training cohort, the new algorithm had a detection rate (DR) of 100% (95%CI: 82.3%, 100%), a false positive rate (FPR) of 0.1% (95%CI: 0%, 0.3%), and nonreportable rate of 6% (95%CI: 4.9%, 7.4%) for SCA determination. The blinded validation yielded similar results: DR of 96.2% (95%CI: 78.4%, 99.8%), FPR of 0.3% (95%CI: 0%, 1.8%), and nonreportable rate of 5% (95%CI: 3.2%, 7.7%) for SCA determinationConclusionNoninvasive prenatal identification of the most common sex chromosome aneuploidies is possible using ccf DNA and massively parallel sequencing with a high DR and a low FPR. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MgZnO avalanche photodetectors realized in Schottky structures
Authors: Yu J. , Shan C. X. , Liu J. S. , Zhang X. W. , Li B. H. , Shen D. Z. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMgZnO‐based ultraviolet avalanche photodetectors (APDs) have been fabricated from Au/MgO/Mg0.44Zn0.56O/MgO/Au Schottky structures. The carrier avalanche multiplication is realized via an impact ionization process occurring in the MgO layer under relatively large electric field. The APDs exhibit an avalanche gain of 587 at 31 V bias, and the response speed of the APDs is in the order of microseconds.magnified image(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robustness of methods for blinded sample size re‐estimation with overdispersed count data
Authors: Schneider Simon , Schmidli Heinz , Friede Tim 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCounts of events are increasingly common as primary endpoints in randomized clinical trials. With between‐patient heterogeneity leading to variances in excess of the mean (referred to as overdispersion), statistical models reflecting this heterogeneity by mixtures of Poisson distributions are frequently employed. Sample size calculation in the planning of such trials requires knowledge on the nuisance parameters, that is, the control (or overall) event rate and the overdispersion parameter. Usually, there is only little prior knowledge regarding these parameters in the design phase resulting in considerable uncertainty regarding the sample size. In this situation internal pilot studies have been found very useful and very recently several blinded procedures for sample size re‐estimation have been proposed for overdispersed count data, one of which is based on an EM‐algorithm. In this paper we investigate the EM‐algorithm based procedure with respect to aspects of their implementation by studying the algorithm's dependence on the choice of convergence criterion and find that the procedure is sensitive to the choice of the stopping criterion in scenarios relevant to clinical practice. We also compare the EM‐based procedure to other competing procedures regarding their operating characteristics such as sample size distribution and power. Furthermore, the robustness of these procedures to deviations from the model assumptions is explored. We find that some of the procedures are robust to at least moderate deviations. The results are illustrated using data from the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute sponsored Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large Dynamic Range Digital Nanodot Gradients of Biomolecules Made by Low‐Cost Nanocontact Printing for Cell Haptotaxis
Authors: Ricoult Sébastien G. , Pla‐Roca Mateu , Safavieh Roozbeh , Lopez‐Ayon G. Monserratt , Grütter Peter , Kennedy Timothy E. , Juncker David 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA novel method is introduced for ultrahigh throughput and ultralow cost patterning of biomolecules with nanometer resolution and novel 2D digital nanodot gradients (DNGs) with mathematically defined slopes are created. The technique is based on lift‐off nanocontact printing while using high‐resolution photopolymer stamps that are rapidly produced at a low cost through double replication from Si originals. Printed patterns with 100 nm features are shown. DNGs with varying spacing between the dots and a record dynamic range of 4400 are produced; 64 unique DNGs, each with hundreds of thousands of dots, are inked and printed in 5.5 min. The adhesive response and haptotaxis of C2C12 myoblast cells on DNGs demonstrated their biofunctionality. The great flexibility in pattern design, the massive parallel ability, the ultra low cost, and the extreme ease of polymer lift‐off nanocontact printing will facilitate its use for various biological and medical applications.
S‐layer Coated Emulsomes as Potential Nanocarriers
Authors: Ucisik Mehmet H. , Küpcü Seta , Debreczeny Monika , Schuster Bernhard , Sleytr Uwe B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe present study introduces a novel nanocarrier system comprising lipidic emulsomes and S‐layer (fusion) proteins as functionalizing tools coating the surface. Emulsomes composed of a solid tripalmitin core and a phospholipid shell are created reproducibly with an average diameter of approximately 300 nm using temperature‐controlled extrusion steps. Both wildtype (wt) and recombinant (r) S‐layer protein SbsB of Geobacillus stearothermophilus PV72/p2 are capable of forming coherent crystalline envelope structures with oblique (p1) lattice symmetry, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. Upon coating with wtSbsB, positive charge of emulsomes shifts to a highly negative zeta potential, whereas those coated with rSbsB become charge neutral. This observation is attributed to the presence of a negatively charged glycan, the secondary cell wall polymer (SCWP), which is associated only with wtSbsB. The present study shows for the first time the ability of recombinant and wildtype S‐layer proteins to cover the entire surface of emulsomes with its characteristic crystalline lattice. Furthermore, in vitro cell culture studies reveal that S‐layer coated emulsomes can be uptaken by human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2) without showing any significant cytotoxicity over a wide range of concentrations. The utilization of S‐layer fusion proteins equipped in a nanopatterned fashion by identical or diverse functions may lead to further development of emulsomes in nanomedicine, especially for drug delivery and targeting.
Direct Laser‐Patterned Micro‐Supercapacitors from Paintable MoS2 Films
Authors: Cao Liujun , Yang Shubin , Gao Wei , Liu Zheng , Gong Yongji , Ma Lulu , Shi Gang , Lei Sidong , Zhang Yunhuai , Zhang Shengtao , Vajtai Robert , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMicrometer‐sized electrochemical capacitors have recently attracted attention due to their possible applications in micro‐electronic devices. Here, a new approach to large‐scale fabrication of high‐capacitance, two‐dimensional MoS2 film‐based micro‐supercapacitors is demonstrated via simple and low‐cost spray painting of MoS2 nanosheets on Si/SiO2 chip and subsequent laser patterning. The obtained micro‐supercapacitors are well defined by ten interdigitated electrodes (five electrodes per polarity) with 4.5 mm length, 820 μm wide for each electrode, 200 μm spacing between two electrodes and the thickness of electrode is ∼0.45 μm. The optimum MoS2‐based micro‐supercapacitor exhibits excellent electrochemical performance for energy storage with aqueous electrolytes, with a high area capacitance of 8 mF cm−2 (volumetric capacitance of 178 F cm−3) and excellent cyclic performance, superior to reported graphene‐based micro‐supercapacitors. This strategy could provide a good opportunity to develop various micro‐/nanosized energy storage devices to satisfy the requirements of portable, flexible, and transparent micro‐electronic devices.
Nanoscale Size Control of Protein Aggregates
Authors: Pedersen Christian , Vallhov Helen , Engqvist Håkan , Scheynius Annika , Strømme Maria 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHerein, a novel method to synthesize soluble, sub‐micrometer sized protein aggregates is demonstrated by mixing native and denatured proteins without using bacteria and contaminating proteins. Ovalbumin (OVA) is employed as a model protein. The average size of the formed aggregates can be controlled by adjusting the fraction of denatured protein in the sample and it is possible to make unimodal size distributions of protein aggregates. OVA aggregates with a size of ∼95 nm are found to be more immunogenic compared to native OVA in a murine splenocyte proliferation assay. These results suggest that the novel method of engineering size specific sub‐micrometer sized aggregates may constitute a potential route to increasing the efficacy of protein vaccines. The protein aggregates may also be promising for use in other applications including the surface functionalization of biomaterials and as industrial catalysis materials.
My Father, My Grandfather
Authors: Masamune Takako , Masamune Hiroko , Masamune Tohoru 
Published: April 2013

Note from the Editor:It is with great pleasure and enthusiasm that I introduce this essay which accompanies the publication of the fourth segment of the Tetsuo Nozoe Autograph Books. In the conceptualization stages of this project—which shall appear in 15 consecutive issues of The Chemical Record as well as have a significant internet presence—I proposed to my colleagues Eva Wille and Brian Johnson that each segment be accompanied with a specially invited essay or perspective. This proposal was immediately and enthusiastically accepted. To both celebrate the life and warmth of Tetsuo Nozoe, I can hardly imagine a more appropriate essay than one written by two of his grandchildren and one of his own children! I thank the Masamune Family for their touching contribution to this project. The Nozoe Autograph Books and all the accompanying essays, including this essay, are open access for at least a three‐year period at: http://www.tcr.wiley‐vch.de/nozoe. Jeffrey I. Seeman  Guest Editor, University of Richmond Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA