bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of the solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A study of 13 cases with clinical, histologic, and ultrasound correlations
Authors: Giorgadze Tamar A. , Scognamiglio Theresa , Yang Grace C. H. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDThe solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (SVPTC) comprises approximately 3% of thyroid cancers, and there are conflicting reports about its behavior in the literature. The cytology of SVPTC is limited to 3 single case reports, a review article, and a monograph. We present the first cytologic study of SVPTC.METHODSFine‐needle aspiration smears obtained with ultrasound guidance from 13 patients with histologically pure SVPTC were reviewed, and the cytologic features recorded. Ultrasound images were retrieved from radiology and were correlated with low‐power histology images. Intratumor vascularity on Doppler imaging was correlated with cellularity in cytology samples.RESULTSThree cytomorphologic patterns of SVPTC were identified: cohesive, syncytial‐type tissue fragments; microfollicles/trabeculae; and dyshesive single cells. All 3 SVPTCs in the first group were encapsulated without invasion. Two of 6 SVPTCs in the second group had a single lymph node metastasis; 4 were encapsulated, and 2 had pushing borders. Ultrasound images in the first and second SVPTC groups were similar, with the majority revealing a well defined, solid nodule with minimal intranodular vascularity. All 4 SVPTCs in the third group had infiltrative borders; and, with the exception of one 0.8‐cm tumor, all had multiple lymph node metastases. Ultrasound in the third group revealed irregular borders. RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 mutations were found in 2 cases of the third group.CONCLUSIONSSVPTCs are heterogeneous tumors. The cohesive, syncytial tissue‐fragment pattern can be recognized as SVPTC in smears and is associated with encapsulation and indolent behavior. The microfollicular/trabecular pattern is indistinguishable from that of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and has intermediate behavior. The dyshesive single‐cell pattern correlates with infiltrative tumor growth and may not be unique to SVPTC. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:71–81. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Recyclable Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Ni/NiTiO3/TiO2 Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Huo Kaifu , Li Yong , Chen Rongsheng , Gao Biao , Peng Changjian , Zhang Wenjun , Hu Liangsheng , Zhang Xuming , Chu Paul K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA non‐enzymatic amperometric glucose sensor that can be renewed by light irradiation is described. It is composed of Ni/NiTiO3/TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) prepared by a simple hydrothermal treatment of as‐anodized TiO2 NTAs in a nickel acetate solution followed by annealing under H2/Ar. The Ni/NiTiO3/TiO2 NTAs exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation in a 1.0 M NaOH supporting solution at a low applied potential of 0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) with a high sensitivity of 456.4 μA cm−2 mM−1 and a low detection limit of 0.7 μM (S/N=3). The excellent electrochemical biosensing properties for glucose detection can be attributed to the orderly vertical alignment, large accessible surface, high conductivity, and electroactive NiII/NiIII redox couple. Meanwhile, owing to their high photocatalytic activity, Ni/NiTiO3/TiO2 NTAs can readily decompose the organic fouling species generated on the electrode surface during glucose detection under light irradiation so that the original sensitivity and selectivity can be restored. The Ni/NiTiO3/TiO2 NTAs electrode provides a promising renewable platform enabling long‐term glucose monitoring with high sensitivity and selectivity.
pH‐Tuned Modulation of 1D Chain to 3D Metal–Organic Framework: Synthesis, Structure and Their Useful Application in the Heterogeneous Claisen–Schmidt Reaction
Authors: Sen Rupam , Saha Debraj , Koner Subratanath , Mal Dasarath , Brandão Paula , Lin Zhi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe role of pH in the formation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been studied on magnesium‐based carboxylate framework systems [Mg(Pdc)(H2O)3]n (1) and [Mg(Pdc)(H2O)]n (2) (Pdc=pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylate). The investigation reveals the formation of two different compounds of one‐ or three‐dimensions starting from the same reaction mixture that differs only in pH. Isolated compounds have been characterized by IR and elemental analysis; both compounds were also successfully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. This study shows that the gradual increase in pH helps to construct a higher‐dimensional network. Catalytic activity of compounds 1 and 2 was tested for the Claisen–Schmidt reaction. Compound 2 was successfully dehydrated to produce a coordinately unsaturated compound 2 a, which shows higher catalytic activity than 1 or 2 in heterogeneous medium.
Enhancing the Performance of a Robust Sol–Gel‐Processed p‐Type Delafossite CuFeO2 Photocathode for Solar Water Reduction
Authors: Prévot Mathieu S. , Guijarro Néstor , Sivula Kevin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDelafossite CuFeO2 is a promising material for solar hydrogen production, but is limited by poor photocurrent. Strategies are demonstrated herein to improve the performance of CuFeO2 electrodes prepared directly on transparent conductive substrates by using a simple sol–gel technique. Optimizing the delafossite layer thickness and increasing the majority carrier concentration (through the thermal intercalation of oxygen) give insights into the limitations of photogenerated charge extraction and enable performance improvements. In oxygen‐saturated electrolyte, (sacrificial) photocurrents (1 sun illumination) up to 1.51 mA cm−2 at +0.35 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) are observed. Water photoreduction with bare delafossite is limited by poor hydrogen evolution catalysis, but employing methyl viologen as an electron acceptor verifies that photogenerated electrons can be extracted from the conduction band before recombination into mid‐gap trap states identified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Through the use of suitable oxide overlayers and a platinum catalyst, sustained solar hydrogen production photocurrents of 0.4 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus RHE (0.8 mA cm−2 at −0.2 V) are demonstrated. Importantly, bare CuFeO2 is highly stable at potentials at which photocurrent is generated. No degradation is observed after 40 h under operating conditions in oxygen‐saturated electrolyte.
Chemo‐ and Diastereoselectivities in the Electrochemical Reduction of Maleimides
Authors: Rix Kathryn , Kelsall Geoffrey H. , Hellgardt Klaus , Hii King Kuok (Mimi) 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe electrochemical cathodic reduction of cyclic imides (maleimides) to succinimides can be achieved chemoselectively in the presence of alkene, alkyne, and benzyl groups. The efficiency of the system was demonstrated by using a 3D electrode in a continuous flow reactor. The reduction of 3,4‐dimethylmaleimides to the corresponding succinimides proceeds with a 3:2 diastereomeric ratio, which is independent of the nitrogen substituent and electrode surface area. The stereoselectivity of the process was rationalized by using DFT calculations, involving an acid‐catalyzed tautomerization of a half‐enol occurring through a double hydrogen‐transfer mechanism.
Precious‐Metal‐Free Co–Fe–O/rGO Synergetic Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction by a Facile Hydrothermal Route
Authors: Geng Jing , Kuai Long , Kan Erjie , Wang Qing , Geng Baoyou 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAbundant iron group metal oxides and their composites possess great potential in the application of electrochemical energy storage and conversion. In this work, we obtained Co–Fe–O composites/reduced graphene oxides (CFO/rGO) hybrid structures, engineered their compositions, phase, and structures by a facile hydrothermal route, and studied their composition‐dependent activity for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. It is found that synergetic effects bring a clear decrease in overpotential and Tafel slope for CFO/rGO catalysts in comparison with monometallic composition/rGO catalysts. OER charge‐transfer resistance is significantly reduced after Fe addition, indicating that the reaction barriers of CFO/rGO are reduced. The optimal CFO/rGO with Co–Fe ratio of 2:1 was identified. Our results on the synergetic effects of CFO/rGO enrich the understanding of iron‐group composites for electrocatalytic applications.
Poisson‐event‐based analysis of cell proliferation
Authors: Summers Huw D. , Wills John W. , Brown M. Rowan , Rees Paul 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA protocol for the assessment of cell proliferation dynamics is presented. This is based on the measurement of cell division events and their subsequent analysis using Poisson probability statistics. Detailed analysis of proliferation dynamics in heterogeneous populations requires single cell resolution within a time series analysis and so is technically demanding to implement. Here, we show that by focusing on the events during which cells undergo division rather than directly on the cells themselves a simplified image acquisition and analysis protocol can be followed, which maintains single cell resolution and reports on the key metrics of cell proliferation. The technique is demonstrated using a microscope with 1.3 μm spatial resolution to track mitotic events within A549 and BEAS‐2B cell lines, over a period of up to 48 h. Automated image processing of the bright field images using standard algorithms within the ImageJ software toolkit yielded 87% accurate recording of the manually identified, temporal, and spatial positions of the mitotic event series. Analysis of the statistics of the interevent times (i.e., times between observed mitoses in a field of view) showed that cell division conformed to a nonhomogeneous Poisson process in which the rate of occurrence of mitotic events, λ exponentially increased over time and provided values of the mean inter mitotic time of 21.1 ± 1.2 hours for the A549 cells and 25.0 ± 1.1 h for the BEAS‐2B cells. Comparison of the mitotic event series for the BEAS‐2B cell line to that predicted by random Poisson statistics indicated that temporal synchronisation of the cell division process was occurring within 70% of the population and that this could be increased to 85% through serum starvation of the cell culture. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
gEM/GANN: A multivariate computational strategy for auto‐characterizing relationships between cellular and clinical phenotypes and predicting disease progression time using high‐dimensional flow cytometry data
Authors: Tong Dong Ling , Ball Graham R. , Pockley A. Graham 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe dramatic increase in the complexity of flow cytometric datasets requires new computational approaches that can maximize the amount of information derived and overcome the limitations of traditional gating strategies. Herein, we present a multivariate computational analysis of the HIV‐infected flow cytometry datasets that were provided as part of the FlowCAP‐IV Challenge using unsupervised and supervised learning techniques. Out of 383 samples (stimulated and unstimulated), 191 samples were used as a training set (34 individuals whose disease did not progress, and 157 individuals whose disease did progress). Using the results from the training set, the participants in the Challenge were then asked to predict the condition and progression time of the remaining individuals (45 “nonprogressors” and 147 “progressors”). To achieve this, we first scaled down data resolution and then excluded doublet cells from the analysis using Expectation Maximization approaches. We then standardized all samples into histograms and used Genetic Algorithm‐Neural Network to extract feature sets from the datasets, the reliability of which were examined using WEKA‐implemented classifiers. The selected feature set resulted in a high sensitivity and specificity for the discrimination of progressors and nonprogressors in the training set (average True Positive Rate = 1.00 and average False Positive Rate = 0.033). The capacity of the feature set to predict real‐time survival time was better when using data from the “unstimulated” training set (r = 0.825). The P‐values and 95% confidence interval log‐rank ratios between actual and predicted survival time in the test set were 0.682 and 0.9542 ± 0.24 for the unstimulated dataset, and 0.4451 and 0.9173 ± 0.23 for the stimulated dataset. Our analytic strategy has demonstrated a promising capacity to extract useful information from complex flow cytometry datasets, despite a significance imbalance and variation between the training and test sets. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Luminescent Polythiophene‐Based Main‐Chain Polyoxometalate‐Containing Conjugated Polymers with Improved Solar‐Cell Performance
Authors: Wang Ruixin , Li Yong , Shetye Kuldeep , Dutta Tanmoy , Jin Lu , Li Shaohua , Peng Zhonghua 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNew polythiophene‐based hybrid conjugated polymers (P2 and P3) containing different amounts of hexamolybdate clusters, which are covalently embedded in the main chain, were successfully synthesized by using the Stille coupling reaction. These soluble hybrid polymers show absorptions in the 400–550 nm range in dilute solutions, which extend beyond 700 nm in thin films. The hybrid polymers are moderately fluorescent in dilute solutions, and the embedded polyoxometalates only partially quench the backbone fluorescence. Simple single‐layer photovoltaic cells with a device configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/(P2 or P3)/Ca/Al were fabricated, and a power conversion efficiency of 0.24 % was obtained for P2, which is among the highest values reported for POM‐containing hybrid polymers including hybrid diblock copolymers.
Structures and Magnetic Properties of Bis(μ‐phenoxido), Bis(μ‐phenoxido)‐μ‐carboxylato and Bis(μ‐phenoxido)bis(μ‐carboxylato) FeIIINiII Compounds – Magnetostructural Correlations
Authors: Sasmal Sujit , Roy Shuvayan , Carrella Luca , Jana Arpita , Rentschler Eva , Mohanta Sasankasekhar 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis report describes the syntheses, characterization, crystal structures and magnetic properties of five dinuclear FeIIINiII compounds derived from two Robson‐type tetraiminodiphenol macrocyclic ligands H2L1 and H2L2, which are the [2+2] condensation products of 4‐ethyl‐2,6‐diformylphenol and 1,3‐diaminopropane (for H2L1) or 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐diaminopropane (for H2L2). The compositions of the compounds are [FeIII(N3)2L1NiII(H2O)2](ClO4) (1), [FeIII(benzoato)L1NiII(H2O)(μ1,3‐benzoato)](ClO4) (2), [FeIII(benzoato)L2NiII(H2O)(μ1,3‐benzoato)](ClO4) (3), [FeIIIL2NiII(μ1,3‐acetato)2](ClO4)·H2O (4) and [FeIIIL2NiII(μ1,3‐propionato)2](ClO4)·H2O (5). The bridging moieties between the two metal ions and the azido and carboxylato moieties in these compounds are of the following types: (1) In 1, the bridging moiety is a bis(μ‐phenoxido) ligand, and two azido ligands are monodentate to the FeIII centre; (2) In 2 and 3, the bridging moiety is a bis(μ‐phenoxido)‐μ1,3‐benzoato ligand, and the second benzoato ligand is monodentate to the FeIII centre; (3) In 4 and 5, the bridging moiety is a bis(μ‐phenoxido)bis(μ1,3‐acetato/propionato) ligand. Variable‐temperature and variable‐field magnetic data reveal ferromagnetic interactions in 2–5 and an antiferromagnetic interaction in 1 with J values of –9.22 cm–1 for 1, 0.50 cm–1 for 2, 5.65 cm–1 for 3, 13.00 cm–1 for 4 and 14.57 cm–1 for 5. An excellent magnetostructural correlation and interesting structural aspects regarding the bond lengths to the FeIII or NiII centres in some structures have been obtained.
Tetraaza[14]macrocyclic Transition Metal Complexes as DNA Intercalators
Authors: Mames Iwona , Rodger Alison , Kowalski Jarosław 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSix tetraazamacrocyclic copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes have been synthesised and their interactions with double‐stranded DNA (calf thymus DNA) have been studied using circular and linear dichroism, as well as other spectroscopic methods. The ability of these complexes to intercalate between DNA base pairs has been demonstrated qualitatively and confirmed by determining the stoichiometry and association constant values; these were found to range from 8.5 × 103– 2.8 × 104L mol–1. The nickel(II) complexes, being more electron‐deficient, seem to have higher binding abilities than guests containing the copper ion. It has also been shown that not only CD, but also linear dichroism, can be a very useful tool for carrying out qualitative DNA interaction studies.
Efficient and Selective Palladium‐Catalysed C‐3 Urea Couplings to 3,5‐Dichloro‐2(1H)‐pyrazinones
Authors: Belfrage Anna Karin , Gising Johan , Svensson Fredrik , Åkerblom Eva , Sköld Christian , Sandström Anja 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe development of a robust palladium‐catalysed urea N‐arylation protocol to install various ureas at the 3‐position of the 2(1H)‐pyrazinone scaffold is described. The method involves Pd(OAc)2 in combination with bidentate ligands, xantphos [4,5‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene] in particular, and resulted in good to excellent coupling yields of aliphatic, aromatic, and sterically hindered ureas. Furthermore, the C‐3 chlorine was shown to be selectively displaced in the presence of aryl halide ureas, and this finding was supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This allows further diversification of the scaffold for the production of compound libraries. Overall, the protocol facilitates further exploitation of pyrazinones as beta‐sheet‐inducing scaffolds in the development of sophisticated peptidomimetics/protease inhibitors. This is exemplified here by the synthesis of a new pyrazinone‐based hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease inhibitor.
Metal‐Mediated Reformatsky Reaction of Bromodifluoromethyl Ketone and Imine
Authors: Cao Chun‐Ru , Jiang Min , Liu Jin‐Tao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Reformatsky reaction of bromodifluoromethyl ketones and imines took place readily in the presence of Zn/CuCl at room temperature to afford β‐amino α,α‐difluoro ketones in good yields. Using (S)‐tert‐butanesulfinyl as a chiral auxiliary, the asymmetric Reformatsky reaction was also achieved and found to proceed with excellent diastereoselectivities. A plausible model is proposed to account for the high stereoselectivity of the reaction.
2‐Furanylboronic Acid as an Effective Catalyst for the Direct Amidation of Carboxylic Acids at Room Temperature
Authors: Tam Eric Kwok Wai , Rita  , Liu Lionel Yiqian , Chen Anqi 
Published: January 2015

Abstract2‐Furanylboronic acid has been identified as an inexpensive and effective catalyst for the dehydrative amide formation of carboxylic acids and amines. This transformation can be efficiently carried out at room temperature and is applicable to a wide range of carboxylic acids with primary and secondary amines to afford amides in good to excellent yields.
Nano CuO Catalyzed Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC) of Aldehydes to Anhydrides
Authors: Khatun Nilufa , Santra Sourav Kumar , Banerjee Arghya , Patel Bhisma K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn elegant synthesis of carboxylic acid anhydrides has been developed directly from arylaldehydes using CuO nanoparticles as the catalyst and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant. During anhydride formation the reaction proceeds through a double sp2 C–H functionalization of aldehydes to generate two consecutive C–O bonds.
Title Monitoring Protamine‐Heparin Interactions Using Microcapillary Impedimetric Sensor
Authors: Abramova Natalia , Bratov Andrey 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe report an impedimetric sensor based on an interdigitated electrode array with electrode digits located at the bottom of microcapillaries formed in silicon dioxide which is used to monitor protamine‐heparin interactions. Modification of the active sensor surface with protamine, a cationic protein used as a high affinity heparin antagonist, permits to register protamine‐heparin complex formation as changes in the surface conductivity determined from the sensor impedance measured in an electrolyte solution. The adsorption curve shows that the detection limit is close to 0.01 U/mL (50 ng/mL) of heparin. The kinetics of the protamine‐heparin complex formation is rather slow and requires at least 15 min to be accomplished. Heparin reaction with protamine is irreversible, however, it is possible to renew the sensor surface putting it in contact with protamine solution and thus use the sensor several times. The future prospects for the proposed sensing strategy are quite wide and can include the grafting of the sensor surface with modified nanoparticles, magnetic particles or self‐assembled structures based on small synthetically‐accessible molecular‐scale building blocks which can act as protamine mimetics.
Low-Magnitude Mechanical Stimulation to Improve Bone Density in Persons of Advanced Age: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Kiel Douglas P , Hannan Marian T , Barton Bruce A , Bouxsein Mary L , Sisson Emily , Lang Thomas , Allaire Brett , Dewkett Dawn , Carroll Danette , Magaziner Jay , Shane Elizabeth , Leary Elizabeth Teng , Zimmerman Sheryl , Rubin Clinton T 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Nonpharmacologic approaches to preserve or increase bone mineral density (BMD) include whole-body vibration (WBV), but its efficacy in elderly persons is not clear. Therefore, we conducted the Vibration to Improve Bone in Elderly Subjects (VIBES) trial, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 10 minutes of daily WBV (0.3g at 37 Hz) in seniors recruited from 16 independent living communities. The primary outcomes were volumetric BMD of the hip and spine measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and biochemical markers of bone turnover. We randomized 174 men and women (89 active, 85 placebo) with T-scores –1 to –2.5 who were not taking bone active drugs and had no diseases affecting the skeleton (mean age 82 ± 7 years, range 65 to 102). Participants received daily calcium (1000 mg) and vitamin D (800 IU). Study platforms were activated using radio frequency ID cards providing electronic adherence monitoring; placebo platforms resembled the active platforms. In total, 61% of participants in the active arm and 73% in the placebo arm completed 24 months. The primary outcomes, median percent changes (interquartile range [IQR]) in total volumetric femoral trabecular BMD (active group (2.2% [–0.8%, 5.2%]) versus placebo 0.4% [–4.8%, 5.0%]) and in mid-vertebral trabecular BMD of L1 and L2 (active group (5.3% [–6.9%, 13.3%]) versus placebo (2.4% [–4.4%, 11.1%]), did not differ between groups (all p values &gt; 0.1). Changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover (P1NP and sCTX) also were not different between groups (p = 0.19 and p = 0.97, respectively). In conclusion, this placebo-controlled randomized trial of daily WBV in older adults did not demonstrate evidence of significant beneficial effects on volumetric BMD or bone biomarkers; however, the high variability in vBMD changes limited our power to detect small treatment effects. The beneficial effects of WBV observed in previous studies of younger women may not occur to the same extent in elderly individuals. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.