bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jeffrey O’Connell and the Market in Tort Claims
Authors: Sebok Anthony J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article examines a transitional period in Jeffrey O’Connell’s long and productive career as an observer and critic of the American civil justice system. By the early 1970’s O’Connell had begun to abandon enterprise liability as a solution to the waste and undercompensation he saw in the tort system. Eventually O’Connell would develop solutions that focused on constraining plaintiffs’ attorneys, and less on no-fault compensation. Before reaching this point, O’Connell proposed a no-fault insurance scheme that would be paid for by fault-based tort litigation. This proposal, which he called “elective first party no-fault insurance” (“EFPI”) is the focus of this article. In EFPI tort suits would not disappear, and damages would not be limited, but litigation would be conducted by insurers who had been assigned their insured’s lawsuits. This article describes how this novel tort reform would work, and explores the theoretical assumptions upon which it is based. One assumption in particular, which is examined, is that a market in tort litigation could be socially efficient if the right sort of plaintiffs’ lawyers were recruited to conduct it. Finally, this article points out that O’Connell called for the repeal of champerty laws at least a decade before many other modern legal academics focused on the potential of a market in litigation.
Asymmetric calixarene derivatives as potential hosts in chiral recognition processes
Authors: Maftei Catalin V. , Fodor Elena , Jones Peter G. , Franz M. Heiko , Davidescu Corneliu M. , Neda Ion 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNew chiral derivatives of 15,35,55,75-tetra-tert-butyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-12,32,52,72-tetraol [(1); tert-butyl-calix[4]-arene] were synthesized by coupling modified chiral quinuclidines derived from the natural-product-based alkaloids quincorine and quincoridine with the calix[4]arene1via either an ester bond or an amide bond. X-ray analyses of two products were performed. Applications of the products in asymmetric catalytic hydrogen transfer reactions are described. A protocol is presented to multi-substitute calix[4]arene at the methylene bridges, resulting in, e.g., 2,6-carboxyl-all-tert-butyl all-methoxy-calix[4]arene.
Correlation of trisomy 13 with atelencephalic aprosencephaly
Authors: Kitova Tanya , Kitov Borislav , Cheikh Nahed Ben , Gaigi Soumeya Siala 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A rare phenotype-genotype correlation of atelencephalic aprosencephaly in a fetus with free trisomy 13 karyotype, obtained by pregnancy termination for holoprosencephaly during the 26th gestational week, is presented. Lack of cerebral hemispheres and presence of rudimentary diencephalon, brain stem and hypoplastic cerebellum were revealed. Agenesis of the eyeball, of the optic nerve and of the pyramids of the medulla oblongata was established. Skull and face examination found craniostenosis, microcephaly, cella turcica agenesis, cyclopia, cleft palate and nose agenesis.The correlation between the most common karyotype of trisomy 13 and the very rare brain abnormality atelencephalic aprosencephaly suggests that the study of parental karyotype is desirable to inform parents about its accidental and non-hereditary nature in a probable future pregnancy.
A decomposition approach for the discrete-time approximation of FBSDEs with a jump
Authors: Kharroubi Idris , Lim Thomas 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We are concerned with the discretization of a solution of a forward-backward stochastic differential equation (FBSDE) with a jump process depending on the Brownian motion. In this paper, we study the cases of Lipschitz generators and the generators with a quadratic growth with respect to the variable z. We propose a recursive scheme based on a general existence result given in the companion paper [Journal of Theoretical Probability 27 (2014), 683–724] and we study the error induced by the time discretization. We prove the convergence of the scheme when the number of time steps n goes to infinity. Our approach allows to get a convergence rate similar to that of schemes of Brownian FBSDEs.
Temperature and humidity dependent investigations on paulingite
Authors: Bieniok Anna , Brendel Uwe , Park SoHyun 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Paulingite (PAU-Ca), a rare, natural small-pore zeolite was dehydrated by cooling in a flow of dry N2 gas and the structural changes of the partly dehydrated phase were analysed at 100 K using synchrotron diffraction. The LT-dehydration led to a symmetry reduction from space group

I
m

3
¯

m

$Im\bar 3m$

to

I

4
¯

3
m

$I\bar 43m$

accompanied by a cell volume decrease of 3.7% to cell constant 34.681(1) Å. The refinement converged with residuals of 6.07% (R1) and 16.46% (wR2). Structural changes affect the d8r-units (double eight-rings) with elliptical deformations of the single 8-rings aligned perpendicular to each other and the α-cage (great rhombicuboctahedron) with a tetrahedral compression. The openings of the main channel system of the complex framework structure were reduced by 0.87 Å. The dehydration starts with hydrated Ca cations inside the medium-sized plg-cages accompanied by cation migrations. The study documents the high sensitivity of zeolites to changes in air humidity and the importance of understanding thermally induced and dehydration-induced transformations in zeolite materials.
Über den Einfluß von Kohleabsorbern auf die Neutronenerzeugung in Blei durch kosmische Strahlung und die absolute Häufigkeit nuklearer Kaskaden in verschieden dicken Bleischichten
Authors: Sen Chaudhury P. K. , Pfotzer G. 
Published: March 2015

Bei der Filterung der kernaktiven Komponente der kosmischen Strahlung mit festen Absorbern wurden von verschiedenen Autoren Übergangsmaxima der Sternhäufigkeit in der photographischen Emulsion gemessen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, wie weit ein Zusammenhang ähnlicher Übergangseffekte der lokalen Neutronenproduktion mit den obigen Befunden behauptet werden kann. Es ergab sich, daß ein stark ausgeprägtes Maximum der Neutronenzählraten, welches ebenso wie ein Maximum der Sternhäufigkeit unter 9 bis 11 cm Kohlenstoff auftritt, vollständig auf die Streuung der Verdampfungsneutronen am Absorber zurückgeführt werden kann. Eine echte Erhöhung der Neutronenproduktion innerhalb ± 5% war nicht mehr nachweisbar. Die Intensität der Neutronen nimmt monoton mit der Schichtdicke, entsprechend einer Absorptionsschicht von 182 ± 30 g/cm2 ab.
Im Gegensatz hierzu wies die Abhängigkeit der integralen Häufigkeit nuklearer Kaskaden in verschieden dicken Bleischichten charakteristische Züge auf, welche auf einen reellen Zusammenhang mit den Übergangseffekten hindeuten, die in Kernspurplatten als Maxima der differentiell gemessenen Stern häufigkeit nachgewiesen wurden. — Durch Zählung von Neutronenkoinzidenzen konnte bei den Versuchen mit Kohleabsorbern der Störuntergrund entscheidend reduziert werden. Ferner erlaubte die simultane Zählung von Einzelneutronen und Koinzidenzen eine Absolutbestimmung der Kaskadenzahl in Blei ohne besondere Eichung der Zählanlage. Die nach dieser Methode ermittelte absolute Intensität der kernaktiven Komponente der K. S. stimmt mit den Angaben anderer Autoren befriedigend überein.
Protonenresonanzspektren von Cyclopentadien, Methylcyclopentadien, Cycloheptatrien und Trimethylsiliciumchlorid
Authors: Strohmeier Walter , Lombardi Erminio , Lemmon Richard M. 
Published: March 2015

Es wurden mit Hilfe der kernmagnetischen Resonanzmethode die Protonenresonanzspektren von monomerem und dimerem Cyclopentadien und Methylcyclopentadien sowie von Cycloheptatrien und Trimethylsiliciumchlorid aufgenommen.
Die chemical shifts der Protonenresonanzen wurden unter Verwendung von Cyclohexan als „innerer Standard“ bestimmt.
Monomeres Cyclopentadien besitzt 2 scharfe Resonanzlinien, deren chemical shift δCH= +1,1 ppm und δCH
2= —2,5 ppm ist. Die 4 CH-Protonen sind äquivalent.
Das Spektrum von monomerem Methylcyclopentadien zeigt Hyperfeinstruktur. 3 Gruppen von Resonanzlinien, entsprechend den CH-, CH2- und CH3-Protonen, wurden beobachtet.
Die Dimerisation des monomeren Cyclupentadiens und Methylcyclopentadiens wurde durch Aufnahme der Protonenresonanzspektren zeitlich verfolgt.
Aus dem Spektrum des Cycloheptatriens folgt, daß die α-, β- und γ-Protonen nicht äquivalent sind.
Im Trimethylsiliciumchlorid ist die chemical shift der Protonenresonanz δCH
3= —4,8 ppm.
In Cyclohexan als Lösungsmittel war die chemical shift für Cyclopentadien und Methylcyclopentadien im Konzentrationsbereich x=0,2—0,8 (x=Molenbruch) von der Konzentration unabhängig.
Ultramarin-Gelb II: Herstellung und Charakterisierung einer Rarität / Ultramarine-Yellow II: Preparation and Characterization of a Rarity
Authors: Köhler P. , Winter G. , Seel F. , Klos K.-P. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The missing link in the series of ultramarine pigments, a synthetic sodalite containing yellow S2
- ions, was prepared by thermal decomposition of a thiocyanate sodalite under vacuum or nitrogen. The nature of the product has been elucidated through X-ray powder analysis, VIS/UV-and ESR-spectrometric measurements, and by the observation of the brilliant red fluorescence of the sulfur radical ion S2
-.
(tert-C4H9)3 PTe — ein typisches Tellurophosphoran? [1] / (ferr-C4H9)3 PTe -a Typical Tellurophosphorane? [1]
Authors: Kuhn Norbert , Schumann Hans , Wolmershäuser Gotthelf 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The P - Te bond length in (tert-C4H9)3PTe of 2.368 Å corresponds to a bond order near 1.5. The distance may be influenced by the tert-C4H9 groups, but the 125Te NMR shift is well within the common R3PTe range, while 1J(125Te-31P) is about 140 Hz smaller than in other tellurophosphoranes.
Zur Darstellung und Kristallstruktur PbZn(NCS)4 / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of PbZn(NCS)4
Authors: Brodersen K. , Procher H. , Hummel Hans-U. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
PbZn(NCS)4 is obtained from the binary compounds Pb(SCN)2 and Zn(NCS)2 with traces of water in an ultra-sound bath. The space group of the complex is Pn21a (standard: Pna21) with Z = 4. The structure consists of cis-connected octahedra 2
∞[PbS2S4/2] forming two-dimensional layers. All SCN-groups are bound to Zn2+ via their N atoms. The resulting ZnN4 tetrahedra are arranged in the cavities formed by the PbS6 octahedra.
Photolyse von elementarem Schwefel (S6 , S7 , S8 , S10 , S12 ) in Kohlenstoffdisulfidlösung [1] / Photolysis of Elemental Sulfur (S6, S7, S8, S10, S12) in Carbondisulfide Solution [1]
Authors: Strauss Eva-Maria , Steudel Ralf 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The photochemical decomposition of pure carbondisulfide as well as of solutions of pure S6 , S7 , S8 , S10 and S12 , respectively, in CS2 at 15 °C on irradiation by a high-pressure mercury lamp (200-600 nm) has been studied by quantitative HPLC analysis of the soluble products. In all cases mixtures of sulfur homocycles Sn (n = 5,6, ...) are formed with S8 , S7 and S6 being the dominating species, but traces of S5 , S9 , S10 and S12 have also been observed in most cases. S5 has been identified for the first time; it is formed in particular in the photolysis of S7 in CS2 . All irradiated sulfur solutions reach more or less the same photostationary equilibrium, but the decomposition of CS2 increases linearly with time and its effects are superimposed on the Sn interconversion reactions.
34S-Isotopenaustausch zwischen flüssigem Kohlenstoffdisulfid und elementarem Schwefel [1] / Sulfur-34 Isotopic Exchange between Liquid Carbondisulfide and Elemental Sulfur [1]
Authors: Steudel Ralf , Holz Birger 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The exchange of sulfur isotopes between liquid carbondisulfide and dissolved elemental sulfur-34 (S6 , S7 , S8 , S9 , S10 , S12) was studied by Raman spectroscopy. No exchange was observed within 4 h at temperatures below 200 °C. Prolonged heating to 200 °C results in a slow exchange (half-life >300 h) as observed by the intensity increase of the symmetric stretching vibration of C32S34 S measured at -120 °C.
Zur Synthese von Tetra-p-tolyldibismutan und dessen Spaltung mit Diphenyldichalkogeniden, elementarem Schwefel, Selen und p-Benzochinon / Synthesis of Tetra-p-tolyldibismuthane and its Cleavage with Diphenyl Dichalcogenides, Elemental Sulfur, Selenium and p-Benzoquinone
Authors: Wieber Markus , Sauer Ingbert 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
(p-CH3C6H4)4Bi2 is obtained from ditolylbismuth bromide with sodium in liquid ammonia. The compound reacts with selenium, sulfur or p-benzoquinone with increasing rate to the corresponding (R2Bi)2E-derivatives (E = S, Se, 1,4-C6H4O2). Reactions of the dibismuthane with equimolar amounts of diphenyl dichalcogenides produce phenylchalcogenobismuthanes of the general formula (p-CH3C6H4)2BiEC6H5 (E - S, Se, Te).
Bis(acetylen)komplexe des Niobs und Tantals / Bis-acetylene Complexes of Niobium and Tantalum
Authors: Alt H. G. , Engelhardt H. E. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The photo-induced reaction of C5Me5M(CO)4 complexes (M = Nb, Ta) with excess alkynes R1C2R2(R1, R2 = H, Me, Ph, Hex) in pentane solution results in the formation of the bis-acetylene complexes C5Me5M(R1C2R2)2 CO. In these complexes the π-bonded acetylene ligands behave formally as three electron ligands.
Metallkomplexe funktioneller Isocyanide, XIV [1] [3+2]-Cycloadditionen zwischen Metallo-Nitrilyliden und CS 2 und Carbenübertragung: Thiazolin-2-yliden-Komplexe von Chrom, Wolfram und Palladium / Metal Complexes of Functional Isocyanides, XIV [1] [3+2] Cycloadditions between Metallo Nitrile Ylids and CS 2 and Carbene Transfer: Thiazoline-2-ylidene Complexes of Chromium, Tungsten and Palladium
Authors: Fehlhammer Wolf Peter , Achatz Dagobert , Plaia Ulrike , Völkl Alfons 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Metal-coordinated α-deprotonated ethyl isocyanoacetate reacts with carbon disulfide in a [3+2]- cycloaddition to give 1.3-thiazolin-2-ylidene complexes, the exo-sulfur function of which has been methylated and coordinated to platinum. The structure of

(3) has been determined by X-ray methods. Inter alia, a surprising shortage of electron derealization in the heterocycle and strong hydrogen bonding between pairs of molecules through their NH- and CO-ester groups have been found. On reacting 3 with PdCl2(η-cyclooctadiene-1,5), carbene transfer occurs to give

.
Glucose Induces Sensitivity to Oxygen Deprivation and Modulates Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling and Lipid Biosynthesis inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Garcia Anastacia M , Ladage Mary L , Dumesnil Dennis R , Zaman Khadiza , Shulaev Vladimir , Azad Rajeev K , Padilla Pamela A 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDiet is a central environmental factor that contributes to the phenotype and physiology of individuals. At the root of many human health issues is the excess of calorie intake relative to calorie expenditure. For example, the increasing amount of dietary sugars in the human diet is contributing to the rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes have compromised oxygen delivery, and thus it is of interest to investigate the impact a high-sugar diet has on oxygen deprivation responses. By utilizing the Caenorhabditis elegans genetic model system, which is anoxia tolerant, we determined that a glucose-supplemented diet negatively impacts responses to anoxia and that the insulin-like signaling pathway, through fatty acid and ceramide synthesis, modulates anoxia survival. Additionally, a glucose-supplemented diet alters lipid localization and initiates a positive chemotaxis response. Use of RNA-sequencing analysis to compare gene expression responses in animals fed either a standard or glucose-supplemented diet revealed that glucose impacts the expression of genes involved with multiple cellular processes including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, cell division, and extracellular functions. Several of the genes we identified show homology to human genes that are differentially regulated in response to obesity or type 2 diabetes, suggesting that there may be conserved gene expression responses between C. elegans fed a glucose-supplemented diet and a diabetic and/or obesity state observed in humans. These findings support the utility of the C. elegans model for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating dietary-induced metabolic diseases.
Circumcision and Muslim Women’s Identity in Indonesia
Authors: Octavia Lanny 
Published: March 2015

In Indonesia, female circumcision is generally perceived as a traditional heritage that must be respected and preserved, as well as a religious injunction that must be followed and implemented. Despite there being a lack of religious arguments, the practice has been deemed as a medium to Islamize a girl and as a strong marker of a girl’s Islamic identity. On the other hand, female circumcision is also associated with local tradition. The practice is intended to purify and preserve a girl’s honor. This reflects a patriarchal ideology that emphasizes the importance of protecting female chastity. This paper unfolds the complicated nature of female circumcision in Indonesia, and examines whether it serves as an expression of religious belief, as a preservation of local tradition or as a violation of human rights.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v21i3.1217
Encuestas telefónicas: estrategias para mejorar la colaboración
Authors: Díaz de Rada Vidal , Portilla Idoia 
Published: March 2015

Este artículo analiza qué aspectos pueden afectar la participación en las encuestas telefónicas y plantea estrategias para mejorarla. El objetivo es ayudar al desarrollo de este tipo de investigaciones de mercado y opinión para lograr información válida para la toma de decisiones empresariales o el conocimiento del estado de opinión.
El trabajo se divide en tres partes. En primer lugar, se realiza una revisión de la literatura para determinar los aspectos que pueden limitar la participación, estudiando la situación en España. En segundo lugar, se analizan once encuestas telefónicas y presenciales realizadas en este país, destacando sus aciertos y errores para determinar los motivos por los que no se responde a una encuesta. En tercer lugar, se proponen diez estrategias para reducir la no respuesta en encuestas telefónicas y que deberían aplicarse durante el proceso de recogida de la información. Su puesta en práctica permitiría reducir la no respuesta y alentar la cooperación logrando información de mayor calidad, algo vital para la gestión de empresas y gobiernos.
Atmospheric Venting of Flammable Gas to a “Safe Area”: Comparing Guidelines to Calculations
Authors: Ramirez J. , Morrison T. , Hart R. , Hetrick T. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Venting, purging, or blowing down flammable gas-containing piping systems and vessels may pose unintended fire and explosion hazards to personnel. In fact, several high-profile incidents have occurred in recent years highlighting this hazard. Industrial safety standards and guidelines exist as a basis for safely designing venting systems, but can a designer rely solely upon these standards for every situation? Certainly, site-specific constraints can be incorporated into a hazard analysis to understand potential adverse outcomes of a venting process. In this paper we give a brief overview of the existing safety standards applicable to blowdown and gas purging operations of flammable gas-containing systems, with particular emphasis on API Standard 521, and its provisions pertaining to atmospheric releases. We employ consequence modeling software tools to illustrate the influence of relevant system parameters on vapor cloud dispersion and compare the results with respect to the API Standard 521. Guidance will be presented for the designer to consider when evaluating their specific venting systems.
Veterans Diversity Group Launches Mission: Camouflage to Coveralls
Authors: Duhon Lamar , Wright Anthony E. , Perkins David L. , Petty J. Ryan , White Chris J. , Cox Michelle P. , Crawford Ron 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper will describe the launch of a military veteran-themed diversity group at a large oil and gas service company and the value added to the company. The diversity group's mission is to provide veterans and veteran supporters with networking and professional-development opportunities, as well as a platform for providing community service and veteran activism. The diversity group was launched with the vision of creating a professional development network for employees, attracting talented veterans to the company, and benefiting the company and local communities. In an effort to achieve this mission, the diversity group hosts two quarterly service and social events. Social events have focused on internal networking, mentoring, and professional development for group members, while the service events have focused on activities, such as supporting a military-related charity or local charity initiatives.
To date, the diversity group has partnered with two 501c3 charities to help drive awareness and increase fundraising efforts, including purchasing a mortgage-free home for a veteran, hosting several community service and professional-development events, creating a national hiring campaign in partnership with the company internal Global Talent Acquisition team, and planning a trip to Washington D.C. to lobby Congress and Veterans Affairs officials to provide diversity group members the opportunity to promote veterans-in-the-workforce initiatives and energy-sector interests.
This diversity group allows employees to grow their professional network and develop their career while learning more about the company. It also provides employees with a platform for veteran-themed social activism and community participation. The group allows veteran employees to experience camaraderie similar to their experience while in the military. The goal of this paper is to introduce our diversity group to the broader energy industry and to serve as a model for other companies wishing to foster employee growth, tying the company to the community.
Micromechanical Analysis of Seismic Triggered by Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconsolidated Formations
Authors: Li Wenjing 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
With the widely application of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional resources, there is growing public concern over potential risk induced by hydraulic fracturing, such as trigged seismic events. Although, microseismicity is proven to be a successful fracture diagnostic method for identifying fracture geometry and fracture propagation behavior for stimulation optimization and assessing hydraulic fracturing performances; it is still facing some challenges: one is identifying the generation mechanism, as well as the source model for extracting information, which is still being investigated. The other one is pre-existing natural fractures network which makes the hydraulic fractures patterns induced by fluid flow become even more complicated. This paper demonstrates that Discrete Element Method (DEM) is one of the promising methods for simulation of microseismicity especially for unconsolidated formation, as it models rock dynamic behavior, regarding the rock as the assemble of particles. By using DEM and Pipe Network Approximation fluid flow scheme, a fully coupled geomechanical-fluid model has been developed for unconsolidated formation, aims at observing the source parameters of microseismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing treatment. The model developed in this paper analyzes the moment tensor by Hudson T-k plot. The results indicate the tensile and shearing crackings are the dominant rock failure mode. Understanding the triggering mechanisms of seismic events induced by stimulation can help us improve the performance of hydraulic fracturing and in the meantime reduce the potential risk for environment