bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐site study of functional outcomes following a themed approach to hand–arm bimanual intensive therapy for children with hemiplegia
Authors: Green Dido , Schertz Mitchell , Gordon Andrew M , Moore Amarlie , Schejter Margalit Tamara , Farquharson Yvonne , Ben Bashat Dafna , Weinstein Maya , Lin Jean‐Pierre , Fattal‐Valevski Aviva 
Published: March 2013

AimThis study investigated the effects of a theme‐based (‘magic’) variation of the hand–arm bimanual intensive therapy programme, in two different countries, in improving activity performance for children with hemiplegia, including those with severe movement restrictions.MethodTwenty‐three children with spastic hemiplegia (13 males, 10 females; mean age 10y 7mo, range 7–15y; Manual Ability Classification System level I, two; levelII, 13; levelIII, eight), participated in one of three, 2‐week, summer camps. A within‐participant experimental design was used with the Assisting Hand Assessment and Children's Hand Experience Questionnaire as primary outcome measures. Evaluations occurred immediately before the first day, on the last day, and 3 months after intervention. Two groups underwent additional assessments 2 weeks before the camp.ResultsSignificant intervention effects were seen on the Assisting Hand Assessment (p=0.002) and on the Children's Hand Experience Questionnaire (p<0.001), the latter maintained at follow‐up. The affected hand was reported to be used in 25% of bimanual activities before the camp, progressing to 93% after camp, and decreasing to 86% at follow‐up. Severity of impairment did not influence progress.InterpretationThis themed approach to intensive intervention showed positive results in bimanual use, with improvements in independence sustained at follow‐up. Although children across camps and motor severity made progress, some questions remain about intensity and duration of intervention to optimize longer‐term outcomes.
Huge Mitral Annular Caseoma: Complementary Role of Multimodality Imaging
Authors: Cagdas Metin , Sahan Hasan , Velibey Yalcin , Calik Nazmi , Sahin Sinan 
Published: March 2013

Mini‐AbstractCaseous calcification of the mitral annulus (caseoma) is a rare variant of mitral periannular calcification that should be included in the differential diagnosis of myocardial masses. We present a case of huge mitral annular caseoma. This case illustrates the complementary role of different imaging modalities.
Cancer incidence in persons with elevated cobalamin levels
Authors: Ryg Jesper , Nybo Mads , Hallas Jesper 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundElevated cobalamin level (ECL) is an epiphenomenon for several cancer types. The clinical significance of ECL at routine testing is, however, unknown. The aim of this study was to examine cancer incidences among persons with ECL.DesignIn a cohort study, Funen County residents (inhabitants 476 580), Denmark, without cancer or injected cobalamin prescriptions were followed from first cobalamin measurement during 1999–2009. Follow‐up was stratified according to age, gender, and whether the cobalamin level was elevated (> 1,200 pmol/L). Data from national registers on age‐specific incidence of cancer in the general population were used to calculate standardised morbidity ratio (SMR).ResultsA total of 490 persons with ECL and 40 104 with non‐ECL were followed. Median age was 61 [IQR 44–77] years. Average follow‐up was 2·0 years for ECL subjects and 2·7 years for non‐ECL subjects. Cancer was diagnosed within the first 6 months of follow‐up in 6·7% (CI 4·7–9·3) of ECL subjects and 2·6% (CI 2·4–2·7) of non‐ECL subjects. In ECL and non‐ECL subjects, SMR for cancer diagnoses were 15·1 (CI 10·4–21·2) and 5·0 (CI 4·7–5·3) within the first 6 months and 3·7 (CI 1·4–8·1) and 1·8 (CI 1·6–2·0) in the following six‐month interval. Review of medical records revealed a suspicion of cancer or performance of relevant diagnostic tests in 87% at the time of cobalamin measurement.ConclusionsPersons with ECL have a high incidence of cancer partly explained by the reasons for measuring cobalamin. It remains to be determined whether accidentally found ECL would justify a search for cancers.
Manipulation of Fgf and Bmp signaling in teleost fishes suggests potential pathways for the evolutionary origin of multicuspid teeth
Authors: Jackman William R. , Davies Shelby H. , Lyons David B. , Stauder Caitlin K. , Denton‐Schneider Benjamin R. , Jowdry Andrea , Aigler Sharon R. , Vogel Scott A. , Stock David W. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYTeeth with two or more cusps have arisen independently from an ancestral unicuspid condition in a variety of vertebrate lineages, including sharks, teleost fishes, amphibians, lizards, and mammals. One potential explanation for the repeated origins of multicuspid teeth is the existence of multiple adaptive pathways leading to them, as suggested by their different uses in these lineages. Another is that the addition of cusps required only minor changes in genetic pathways regulating tooth development. Here we provide support for the latter hypothesis by demonstrating that manipulation of the levels of Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) or Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling produces bicuspid teeth in the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a species lacking multicuspid teeth in its ancestry. The generality of these results for teleosts is suggested by the conversion of unicuspid pharyngeal teeth into bicuspid teeth by similar manipulations of the Mexican Tetra (Astyanax mexicanus). That these manipulations also produced supernumerary teeth in both species supports previous suggestions of similarities in the molecular control of tooth and cusp number. We conclude that despite their apparent complexity, the evolutionary origin of multicuspid teeth is positively constrained, likely requiring only slight modifications of a pre‐existing mechanism for patterning the number and spacing of individual teeth.
Effects of growth hormone on the ontogenetic allometry of craniofacial bones
Authors: Gonzalez Paula N. , Kristensen Erika , Morck Douglas W. , Boyd Steven , Hallgrímsson Benedikt 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYOrganism size is controlled by interactions between genetic and environmental factors mediated by hormones with systemic and local effects. As changes in size are usually not isometric, a considerable diversity in shape can be generated through modifications in the patterns of ontogenetic allometry. In this study we evaluated the role of timing and dose of growth hormone (GH) release on growth and correlated shape changes in craniofacial bones. Using a longitudinal study design, we analyzed GH deficient mice treated with GH supplementation commencing pre‐ and post‐puberty. We obtained 3D in vivo micro‐CT images of the skull between 21 and 60 days of age and used geometric morphometrics to analyze size and shape changes among control and GH deficient treated and non‐treated mice. The variable levels of circulating GH altered the size and shape of the adult skull, and influenced the cranial base, vault, and face differently. While cranial base synchondroses and facial sutures were susceptible to either the direct or indirect effect of GH supplementation, its effect was negligible on the vault. Such different responses support the role of intrinsic growth trajectories of skeletal components in controlling the modifications induced by systemic factors. Contrary to the expected, the timing of GH treatment did not have an effect on catch‐up growth. GH levels also altered the ontogenetic trajectories by inducing changes in their location and extension in the shape space, indicating that differences arose before 21 days and were further accentuated by a truncation of the ontogenetic trajectories in GHD groups.
Influences of leaf age and type, non‐host volatiles, and mineral oil deposits on the incidence, distribution, and form of stylet tracks of Diaphorina citri
Authors: Yang Yueping , Beattie G. Andrew C. , Spooner‐Hart Robert N. , Huang Mingdu , Barchia Idris , Holford Paul 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPsyllids produce saliva that gels to form a protective sheath around their stylets. This saliva can be visualized as stylet tracks, and we have used the presence of tracks to study the feeding behaviour of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Both single and branched tracks were produced by nymphs and adults, and the tracks made by males and females did not differ. Tracks dissipated from calamondin leaves within a 7‐day post‐feeding period after adults fed for 2 days and numbers of tracks declined with increasing maturity of calamondin leaves. In the six host plants studied, most psyllids fed abaxially from midribs and most probes traversed or terminated in the tissue (midrib, lateral vein, minor vein, or mesophyll) above which the stylets entered the leaf or leaflet. The number of tracks and landings were recorded on the six hosts in choice tests. More tracks were found in leaves or leaflets of orange jasmine, wampee, and trifoliate orange than in sour orange, calamondin, and lemon. Orange jasmine is considered a preferred host of D. citri, and this is in agreement with the number of tracks found in this study, but not the number of landings. Trifoliate orange is considered a poor host of D. citri, which, in this study, is reflected in the low number of landings, but not in the numbers of tracks. Our results indicate that the presence of adult psyllids on a plant may not reflect its host status, and that the presence of stylet tracks should also be determined in host preference studies. When calamondin leaves were paired with leaves of guava, billygoat weed, or greenleaf desmodium, the presence of volatiles from these plants reduced feeding by adults on calamondin and suggests that understoreys of billygoat weed or desmodium in orchards may also reduce feeding. A negative, exponential relationship between numbers of tracks per leaf and the concentrations of an agricultural mineral oil applied to leaf surfaces was found. This reduction in feeding, in conjunction with reductions in oviposition, has practical implications for suppressing psyllid populations in orchards.
Caregiving in first‐episode psychosis: social characteristics associated with perceived ‘burden’ and associations with compulsory treatment
Authors: Boydell Jane , Onwumere Juliana , Dutta Rina , Bhavsar Vishal , Hill Nathan , Morgan Craig , Dazzan Paola , Morgan Kevin , Pararajan Madonna , Kuipers Elizabeth , Jones Peter , Murray Robin , Fearon Paul 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimsHigh incidence of psychosis and compulsory treatment within black and minority ethnic (BME) groups in the UK remain a concern. Psychosis has an impact on families and family involvement is important in predicting compulsory treatment. We therefore aimed to report the levels and predictors of caregiver burden in first‐episode psychosis, in white British, and BME groups of carers, and investigate their relevance to compulsory treatment.MethodsA total of 124 caregivers were interviewed soon after the onset of psychosis using the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ‐28, the Experience of Caregiving Inventory, the Personal and Psychiatric History Schedule, and the MRC Sociodemographic Schedule.ResultsThe overall level of distress as measured by GHQ‐28 was high (mean 50, SD 11.4). Feelings of carer burden were also high (mean total negative score 72.5, SD 34.8), increased in men, and with carer age. Neither ethnicity nor social class nor social support was associated with distress or burden. Compulsory treatment was predicted by carer burden (as indicated by carer reports of ‘problems with services’ (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.01, 1.15; P = 0.023)); this was particularly evident in the black Caribbean group of carers (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.04, 1.57; P = 0.02)ConclusionCarers of adults with first‐episode psychosis experience considerable psychological distress and feelings of burden. There was a specific association between carer burden, specifically in terms of experience of services, and compulsory admission of service users, particularly in the black Caribbean group. Better ways of liaising with carers and targeted efforts to reduce carer burden at illness onset are needed.
Modelling dendritic ecological networks in space: an integrated network perspective
Authors: Peterson Erin E. , Ver Hoef Jay M. , Isaak Dan J. , Falke Jeffrey A. , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Jordan Chris E. , McNyset Kristina , Monestiez Pascal , Ruesch Aaron S. , Sengupta Aritra , Som Nicholas , Steel E. Ashley , Theobald David M. , Torgersen Christian E. , Wenger Seth J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDendritic ecological networks (DENs) are a unique form of ecological networks that exhibit a dendritic network topology (e.g. stream and cave networks or plant architecture).DENs have a dual spatial representation; as points within the network and as points in geographical space. Consequently, some analytical methods used to quantify relationships in other types of ecological networks, or in 2‐D space, may be inadequate for studying the influence of structure and connectivity on ecological processes withinDENs. We propose a conceptual taxonomy of network analysis methods that account forDENcharacteristics to varying degrees and provide a synthesis of the different approaches within the context of stream ecology. Within this context, we summarise the key innovations of a new family of spatial statistical models that describe spatial relationships inDENs. Finally, we discuss how different network analyses may be combined to address more complex and novel research questions. While our main focus is streams, the taxonomy of network analyses is also relevant anywhere spatial patterns in both network and 2‐D space can be used to explore the influence of multi‐scale processes on biota and their habitat (e.g. plant morphology and pest infestation, or preferential migration along stream or road corridors).
The treatment of depressive disorders in epilepsy: What all neurologists should know
Authors: Kanner Andres M. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryOne of every three patients with epilepsy (PWE) will experience a depressive disorder in the course of their life, often associated with anxiety symptoms or a full blown anxiety disorder. Clearly, the high prevalence of these psychiatric comorbidities calls for their early identification and management. This article provides practical strategies in the management of depressive episodes in PWE. Contrary to long‐held beliefs, the use of antidepressant drugs are safe in PWE when used at therapeutic doses. Antidepressant drugs of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) families are the first line of therapy in depressive disorders, and failure to achieve complete symptom remission after a trial of an SSRI or SNRI at optimal doses should be followed by a second trial with a drug from the other antidepressant family. In developing countries, antidepressant drugs of these two antidepressant families are not always available, and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are the drugs of choice. Although there are no differences in efficacy among the three families of antidepressants, TCAs have a lower tolerability and higher toxicity, with greater mortality risk associated with cardiotoxic effects in overdoses. Cognitive behavior therapy is another treatment modality that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of depressive disorders in patients with and without epilepsy. Its use should be considered together with pharmacotherapy or by itself.
Treatment issues for personality disorders in epilepsy
Authors: Trimble Michael 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThis article supports a view that certain personality disturbances in epilepsy should be viewed as associated with the cerebral abnormalities that also lead to seizures. Herein I discuss two main variants: that related to temporal lobe epilepsy and that associated with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. In view of its controversial nature, I also comment on the link between aggression and epilepsy. Recommendations for treatment include psychological and social therapies with further advice about the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and psychotropic medications in these conditions.
Treatment of postsurgical psychiatric complications
Authors: Koch‐Stoecker Steffi , Schmitz Bettina , Kanner Andres M. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryWe describe the physical, psychological, and social complications and adaptation demands after epilepsy surgery and the risks of the development of psychiatric disorders when adequate stress processing fails. Practical strategies that can be followed in the prevention and treatment of postsurgical psychiatric complications are reviewed. The postoperative period is divided in three phases: (1) the early postoperative phase of stress processing until discharge from hospital; (2) the coping phase during the first months after discharge; and (3) the reorientation phase. The early postoperative course is often dominated by physical problems that hamper success in convalescence. They may initiate early psychiatric disturbances especially in patients with preoperative psychiatric comorbidity. The second phase after discharge from hospital is the typical time in which various psychiatric disorders may develop (either de novo or exacerbations of known disorders). At this time it is mandatory to keep in contact with patients, to start psychiatric treatments if necessary, and to assess for suicidal risk. The course of the third phase of reorientation depends on seizure outcome and on psychiatric state. Seizure‐free persons without psychiatric comorbidities start to forget their epilepsy; those with less successful outcome conditions may need further support, especially for vocational integration. Epilepsy surgery brings about an overall strong improvement of psychiatric morbidity and quality of patients' life. Nevertheless, the first postoperative year is a fragile period that includes multiple physical, psychological, and social adaptation tasks. Patients with a history of psychiatric disorders are at a special risk of failing to cope with those health‐related demands, but also for nonpsychiatric patients the months after epilepsy surgery are often stressful and exhausting. Professional help must be available during the postoperative coping time.
Patterns and predictors of fish dispersal in rivers
Authors: Radinger Johannes , Wolter Christian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractQuantifying fish dispersal and identifying its general predictors is key for understanding temporal patterns in population dynamics, emigration and immigration, meta‐community dynamics, many ecological processes and predicting recovery time or population responses to environmental changes. This is the first comprehensive quantitative meta‐analysis of heterogeneous freshwater fish movement, aiming to determine mobile and stationary shares of fish communities, their dispersal distances and key predictors of dispersal patterns. By reviewing and analysing 160 empirical data sets from 71 studies covering 62 fishes in streams, it goes beyond previous studies of salmonids’ heterogeneous movement. Based on fitted leptokurtic dispersal kernels, the movement distances of (i) a stationary component (σstat) and (ii) a mobile component (σmob) as well as the (iii) share of each component (p) were calculated. The median movement distance of the stationary and mobile component of a fish population was 36.4 and 361.7 m, respectively. The share of the stationary individuals was high (median = 66.6%), but unrelated to movement distance. Single and multiple linear regressions as well as mixed‐effects models revealed movement distances positively related to fish length, aspect ratio of the caudal fin, stream size and duration of the study. Furthermore, movement distance differed between taxonomic families. The quantitative parameters of heterogeneous fish movement provided are prerequisite to estimate time lags in fish response to river rehabilitation, temporal patterns in species dispersal, and minimum effective size of potential founder populations for species conservation and stock recovery based on minimum numbers of specimen to disperse.
Relating localized protein motions to the reaction coordinate in coenzyme B12‐dependent enzymes
Authors: Jones Alex R. , Levy Colin , Hay Sam , Scrutton Nigel S. 
Published: March 2013

The classical picture of enzyme catalysis relies on controlling the entropic and enthalpic contributions by manipulating reaction barriers and co‐locating reactants and cofactors to facilitate the reaction chemistry. Catalysis is linked inextricably to the geometry of the enzyme–substrate complex and the chemical/physical properties of the active site, and probably to dynamical contributions that guide reactants along the desired reaction coordinate. Coenzyme B12‐dependent enzymes have remarkable catalytic power and unique properties that enable detailed analysis of the reaction chemistry and associated dynamics. Here we discuss recent developments that are beginning to provide atomistic insight into how coenzyme B12‐dependent enzymes steer reactants along the reaction coordinate. Such insight will ultimately generate ‘movies’ of the catalytic process across all relevant time scales. In the longer term, this will enable more predictive engineering of this class of enzyme to achieve new and desirable chemical outcomes.
The role of historic and climatic factors in the distribution of crustacean communities in Iberian Mediterranean ponds
Authors: Sahuquillo María , Miracle Maria R. 
Published: March 2013

Summary

We studied 140 freshwater ponds in eastern Spain spanning a wide range of water source, hydroperiod and regional heterogeneity attributable to orographic and climatic differences. Our aim was to provide a typology for Mediterranean ponds using crustacean assemblages and to find key environmental thresholds that define these pond types.

To search for the environmental variables that define these communities, two complementary analyses were used: correspondence analyses (CA) and multivariate regression trees (MRT). We found a high level of specificity of crustaceans defining the different pond types. Three ponds, which were not associated with any of the large set of environmental variables used, were clearly separated from the rest in the CA. These held a very specific and probably relict community, characterised by the large calanoid Hemidiaptomus: we refer to these as ‘Hemidiaptomus’ ponds. Taxonomic information suggests a fundamental influence of historical events.

The MRT analysis applied to the rest of the ponds allowed us to create a hierarchical order of several current environmental factors that account for their crustacean community composition. Thus, we defined four further pond types. The most important factor structuring communities was hydroperiod, separating temporary ponds, mainly fed by rain, from permanent ponds, fed from more stable sources. Climate‐related factors subsequently separated two groups of temporary ponds: (i) temporary ponds in semi‐arid areas (mean rainfall <600 mm year−1, spring rainfall <150 mm), which contained Neolovenula alluaudi and (ii) temporary ponds in semi‐humid areas, which contained Mixodiaptomus incrassatus. Amongst the permanent ponds, (iii) lowland coastal spring‐fed ponds with quite constant temperatures hosted a singular crustacean community that was well separated from that found in (iv) inland mountain ponds consisting of more ubiquitous crustaceans.

These results provide a typology of ponds useful for conservation planning and freshwater biodiversity maintenance. Moreover, the identified ecological thresholds should be helpful in predicting the communities to be expected as a result of changes to land use or climate.