bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis and deep stromal invasion in women with invasive cervical cancer: prospective multicenter study using 2D and 3D ultrasound
Authors: Pálsdóttir K. , Fischerova D. , Franchi D. , Testa A. , Di Legge A. , Epstein E. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine how various objective two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound parameters allow prediction of deep stromal tumor invasion and lymph node involvement, in comparison to subjective ultrasound assessment, in women scheduled for surgery for cervical cancer.MethodsThis was a prospective multicenter trial including 104 women with cervical cancer at FIGO Stages IA2–IIB, verified histologically. Patients scheduled for surgery underwent a preoperative ultrasound examination. The value of various 2D (size, color score) and 3D (volume, vascular indices) ultrasound parameters was compared to that of subjective assessment in the prediction of deep stromal tumor invasion and lymph node involvement. Histology obtained from radical hysterectomy or trachelectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy was considered as the gold standard for assessment.ResultsAll women underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy, with 99 (95%) undergoing subsequent radical surgery; five underwent only pelvic lymphadenectomy because of the presence of a positive sentinel lymph node. Women with deep stromal invasion or lymph node involvement had significantly larger tumors (diameter and volume) but there was no correlation with vascular indices measured on 3D ultrasound. Subjective evaluation was superior (AUC, 0.93; sensitivity, 90.5%; specificity, 97.2%) in the prediction of deep stromal invasion when compared to any objective measurement technique, with maximal tumor diameter at 20.5‐mm cut‐off (AUC, 0.83; sensitivity, 90.5%; specificity, 61.1%) and 3D tumor volume at 9.1‐mm3 cut‐off (AUC, 0.85; sensitivity, 79.4%; specificity, 83.3%) providing the best performance among the objective parameters. Both subjective assessment and objective measurements were poorly predictive of lymph node involvement.ConclusionsIn women with cervical cancer, subjective ultrasound evaluation allowed better prediction of deep stromal invasion than did objective measurements; however, neither subjective evaluation nor objective parameters were adequate to predict lymph node involvement. 3D vascular indices were ineffective in the prediction of advanced stages of the disease. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Quantitative analysis of morphological changes in yeast colonies growing on solid medium: the eccentricity and Fourier indices
Authors: Gil de Prado Elena , Rivas Eva‐María , de Silóniz María‐Isabel , Diezma Belén , Barreiro Pilar , Peinado José M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe colony shape of four yeast species growing on agar medium was measured for 116 days by image analysis. Initially, all the colonies are circular, with regular edges. The loss of circularity can be quantitatively estimated by the eccentricity index, Ei, calculated as the ratio between their orthogonal vertical and horizontal diameters. Ei can increase from 1 (complete circularity) to a maximum of 1.17–1.30, depending on the species. One colony inhibits its neighbour only when it has reached a threshold area. Then, Ei of the inhibited colony increases proportionally to the area of the inhibitory colony. The initial distance between colonies affects those threshold values but not the proportionality, Ei/area; this inhibition affects the shape but not the total surface of the colony. The appearance of irregularities in the edges is associated, in all the species, not with age but with nutrient exhaustion. The edge irregularity can be quantified by the Fourier index, Fi, calculated by the minimum number of Fourier coefficients that are needed to describe the colony contour with 99% fitness. An ad hoc function has been developed in Matlab v. 7.0 to automate the computation of the Fourier coefficients. In young colonies, Fi has a value between 2 (circumference) and 3 (ellipse). These values are maintained in mature colonies of Debaryomyces, but can reach values up to 14 in Saccharomyces. All the species studied showed the inhibition of growth in facing colony edges, but only three species showed edge irregularities associated with substrate exhaustion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QTL for chlorophyll fluorescence of barley plants grown at low oxygen concentration in hydroponics to simulate waterlogging
Authors: Bertholdsson N-O , Holefors A. , Macaulay M. , Crespo-Herrera L. A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Waterlogging is a major factor limiting barley grain yield worldwide. Climate change will likely increase this water stress in Northern Europe. Breeding for waterlogging tolerance (WLT), as for other abiotic stresses, is difficult, but identification of genetic markers linked to genes affecting WLT could facilitate the breeding process. To identify a suitable marker population, parents of 14 double-haploid (DH) barley populations were tested for segregation of biomass growth reduction in waterlogged soil. The most interesting was found in the offspring from crossing cv. Psaknon and breeding line (SLUdt1398 × Mona4). Hence, 120 DH-lines derived from this cross were phenotyped for the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter quantum yield (QY) of electron transport of PSII from leaves of hypoxia-stressed plants and further genotyped with 384-SNP Illumina GoldenGate Bead Array. Five quantitative trait loci (QTL) for QY, with a narrow sense heritability of 0.87, were identified on chromosomes 4, 6 and 7H. They had additive effects ranging from 0.74 to 1.35 % with LOD scores from 3 to 12 and explained variance from 6 to 29 %. The major alleles for high QY were from cv. Psaknon; i.e., QY was low if the alleles from cv. Psaknon were not present. Based on leaf necrosis and residual biomass data, the four most interesting QTL may be also in two other populations with completely different progeny, which shows a certain stability of these QTL. The possibility of using marker assistant selection for WLT is discussed, as is possible concurrent improvement of drought tolerance and grain yield.
Kinetic Analysis of the Ozonation Process of the Surfactant LAS Considering the Simultaneous Foaming Effect
Authors: Rodríguez Cristina , de Luis Ana , Lombraña José I. , Sanz Josu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAdvanced oxidation processes (AOP) are able to degrade pollutants into harmless substances. To demonstrate the successful application of AOP to real, polluted effluents, ozonation has been applied for the removal of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), a surfactant mixture commonly used in detergent formulation. LAS can be identified in a wide range of concentrations, i.e., in domestic wastewater or in the raw effluent of detergent‐processing plants. The strongly tensoactive nature of LAS results in a foaming effect that eventually discourages AOP application, especially in the case of ozonation. The primary goal of this research is to analyze the LAS ozonation kinetics, considering the simultaneous effect of foam formation, by the development of a semiempirical model that is mainly based on the foaming phenomenon. Along with foaming, the proposed model also considers LAS removal by ozonation and the inverse phenomenon of LAS formation by redissolution of LAS. To the best of our knowledge, such a finding has not been previously reported. The proposed foaming model has been developed within various pH and LAS concentration values, primarily examining the initial pH value of the effluent due to its significant effect on foaming. The developed model adequately predicts the LAS concentration profiles measured in the liquid during ozonation. Moreover, this approach makes it possible to quantify the incidence of foaming and LAS redissolution during ozonation comparatively, leading to being able to propose the most desirable operating conditions for LAS removal.
Evaluation of Some Nonionic Surfactants Derived from Tannic Acid as Additives for Water‐Based Mud
Authors: Negm Nabel A. , Tawfik Salah M. , Abdou Mahmoud I. , Badr Emad A. , Ghuiba Ferial M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWater‐based mud is the most‐used mud for oil and gas exploration and is generally considered to be more environmentally friendly than oil‐based or synthetic‐based mud. Therefore in this study we focused on water‐based mud and a series of nonionic surfactants derived from tannic acid was evaluated as additives for water‐based muds. The rheological properties for formulated water‐based muds contain nonionic additives at different temperatures were investigated including: apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, yield point, gel strength, thixotropy and filtration properties. In addition to the relation between shear stress and shear rate were presented at different temperatures. The results of the studied nonionic surfactant showed improvements in the rheological properties when used as additives for water‐based mud formulation.
Distribution and analysis of the mechanisms of resistance of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) to imidazolinone and quinclorac herbicides
Authors: MATZENBACHER F. O. , BORTOLY E. D. , KALSING A. , MEROTTO A. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThe lack of control of barnyardgrass in flooded rice cultivated with imidazolinone-resistant rice cultivars is challenging the utilization of this system, which is continuously expanding for new rice areas worldwide. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the frequency, distribution and mechanisms of imidazolinone resistance in barnyardgrass to establish the best practices to control and prevent this problem. The distribution of resistance was evaluated in 624 populations collected in Southern Brazil. The frequency of imidazolinone-herbicide resistance was 0·81, broadly distributed in all sampled regions. Resistance to quinclorac was also found in 0·19 of the populations, but all of the evaluated populations were susceptible to cyhalofop-butyl. Further studies were conducted in six populations. The enhanced metabolism was assessed with the metabolic inhibitors that reversed the resistance to quinclorac from 0·54 to 1·00 in two populations and the resistance to imazethapyr from 0·15 to 0·41 in three populations. The acetolactase synthase (ALS) enzyme activity also indicated the occurrence of altered target site resistance in two populations caused by the ALS gene mutations Trp574Leu and Ser653Asn, which is a novel finding in this species. The herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass in Southern Brazil presented a complex basis of resistance because it is associated with resistance to multiple herbicides due to multiple mechanisms and with multiple mutations of the ALS gene. This indicates that it is necessary to adopt specific measures to prevent and control the evolution of multiple herbicide resistance in this species.
Aggregate Earnings and Market Returns: International Evidence
Authors: He Wen , Hu Maggie (Rong) 
Published: August 2014

AbstractKothari, Lewellen, and Warner (2006) document that aggregate earnings changes in the United States arenegativelyrelated to contemporaneous market returns. In this study we show that this negative aggregate earnings-returns relation is unique to the United States. In 28 non-U.S. markets, aggregate earnings changes arepositivelyassociated with contemporaneous market returns. Further evidence shows that the aggregate earnings-returns relation becomes less positive in countries with more transparent financial disclosure that helps investors forecast earnings more precisely. Our result supports Sadka and Sadka’s (2009) argument that predictability of aggregate earnings leads to the negative relation between aggregate earnings and market returns in the United States.
Calypso® 4D Localization System: a review
Authors: Silva C. , Mateus D. , Eiras M. , Vieira S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurposeCalypso® 4D Localization System is a system based on electromagnetic transponders detection enabling precise 3D localisation and continuous tracking of tumour target. This review intended to provide information in order to (1) show how Calypso® 4D Localization System works, (2) to present advantages and disadvantages of this system, (3) to gather information from several clinical studies and, finally, (4) to refer Calypso® System as a tool in dynamic multileaf collimator studies for target motion compensation.MethodsA structured search was carried out on B-On platform. The key words used in this research were ‘Calypso’, ‘Transponder’, ‘Electromagnetic Localization’, ‘Electromagnetic Tracking’, ‘Target Localization’, ‘Intrafraction Motion’ and ‘DMLC’.ReviewTreatment the implanted transponders are excited by an electromagnetic field and resonate back. These frequencies are detected and Calypso® software calculates the position of the transponders. If the movement detected is larger than the limits previously defined, irradiation can be stopped. The system has been proven to be submillimetre accurate.DiscussionCalypso® System has been presented as an accurate tool in prostate radiotherapy treatments. The application of this system to other clinical sites is being developed.ConclusionThe Calypso® System allows real-time localisation and monitoring of the target, without additional ionising radiation administration. It has been a very useful tool in prostate cancer treatment.
Analysis of Adolescent Profiles by Gender: Strengths, Attitudes toward Violence and Sexism
Authors: Ferragut Marta , Blanca Maria J. , Ortiz-Tallo Margarita 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe present study analyzes the profiles of boys and girls, considering gender, in the early stages of adolescence in the variables of character strengths, attitudes toward diversity and violence, and sexism. The aim is to explore the gender differences, whether the variables in each set differ from one another and whether these differences are maintained in profiles for boys and girls. The participants were 527 students (mean age = 12.21 andSD= 0.53) from the city of Málaga (Spain). Profile analysis was used to analyze data. The results, using an alpha of 0.0021 for each contrast, indicate that boys and girls differ in their character strengths, particularly in the case of girls, whose prominent strengths relate to pro-social behavior and peer relationships, where Cohen´sdare higher than .30. Moreover, boys justify attitudes of violence to a greater extent (Cohen´sdfrom .44 to .81) and show greater agreement with sexist beliefs (d= .63). The research suggests that it would be of interest to encourage advancement in character strengths at this age.
Temperature induced Spin Switching in SmFeO3 Single Crystal
Authors: Cao Shixun , Zhao Huazhi , Kang Baojuan , Zhang Jincang , Ren Wei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe prospect of controlling the magnetization (M) of a material is of great importance from the viewpoints of fundamental physics and future applications of emerging spintronics. A class of rare-earth orthoferrites RFeO3 (R is rare-earth element) materials exhibit striking physical properties of spin switching and magnetization reversal induced by temperature and/or applied magnetic field. Furthermore, due to the novel magnetic, magneto-optic and multiferroic properties etc., RFeO3 materials are attracting more and more interests in recent years. We have prepared and investigated a prototype of RFeO3 materials, namely SmFeO3 single-crystal. And we report magnetic measurements upon both field cooling (FC) and zero-field cooling (ZFC) of the sample, as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field. The central findings of this study include that the magnetization of single-crystal SmFeO3 can be switched by temperature and tuning the magnitude of applied magnetic field allows us to realize such spin switching even at room temperature.
A Psychometric Review of Norm-Referenced Tests Used to Assess Phonological Error Patterns
Authors: Kirk Cecilia , Vigeland Laura 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
The authors provide a review of the psychometric properties of 6 norm-referenced tests designed to measure children's phonological error patterns. Three aspects of the tests' psychometric adequacy were evaluated: the normative sample, reliability, and validity.

Method
The specific criteria used for determining the psychometric adequacy of these tests were based on current recommendations in the literature. Test manuals and response forms were reviewed for psychometric adequacy according to these criteria.

Results
The tests included in this review failed to exhibit many of the psychometric properties required of well-designed norm-referenced tests. Of particular concern was lack of adequate sample size, poor evidence of construct validity, and lack of information about diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions
To ensure that clinicians have access to valid and reliable tests, test developers must make a greater effort to establish that the tests they design have adequate psychometric properties. The authors hope that this review will help clinicians and other professionals to be more aware of some of the limitations of using these tests to make educational decisions.
Webcam Delivery of the Camperdown Program for Adolescents Who Stutter: A Phase II Trial
Authors: Carey Brenda , O'Brian Sue , Lowe Robyn , Onslow Mark 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
This Phase II clinical trial examined stuttering adolescents' responsiveness to the Webcam-delivered Camperdown Program.

Method
Sixteen adolescents were treated by Webcam with no clinic attendance. Primary outcome was percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS). Secondary outcomes were number of sessions, weeks and hours to maintenance, self-reported stuttering severity, speech satisfaction, speech naturalness, self-reported anxiety, self-reported situation avoidance, self-reported impact of stuttering, and satisfaction with Webcam treatment delivery. Data were collected before treatment and up to 12 months after entry into maintenance.

Results
Fourteen participants completed the treatment. Group mean stuttering frequency was 6.1 %SS (range, 0.7–14.7) pretreatment and 2.8 %SS (range, 0–12.2) 12 months after entry into maintenance, with half the participants stuttering at 1.2 %SS or lower at this time. Treatment was completed in a mean of 25 sessions (15.5 hr). Self-reported stuttering severity ratings, self-reported stuttering impact, and speech satisfaction scores supported %SS outcomes. Minimal anxiety was evident either pre- or post-treatment. Individual responsiveness to the treatment varied, with half the participants showing little reduction in avoidance of speech situations.

Conclusions
The Webcam service delivery model was appealing to participants, although it was efficacious and efficient for only half. Suggestions for future stuttering treatment development for adolescents are discussed.
Dimerization of HIV-1 protease occurs through two steps relating to the mechanism of protease dimerization inhibition by darunavir
Authors: Hayashi Hironori , Takamune Nobutoki , Nirasawa Takashi , Aoki Manabu , Morishita Yoshihiko , Das Debananda , Koh Yasuhiro , Ghosh Arun K. , Misumi Shogo , Mitsuya Hiroaki 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Dimerization of HIV-1 protease (PR) plays a critical role in the replication of HIV-1. Darunavir (DRV) inhibits not only proteolytic activity but also PR dimerization. The present study shows that PR dimerization process undergoes two steps and that DRV inhibits the first step of PR dimerization by binding to PR monomers in a one-to-one molar ratio. The present study also demonstrates that DRV binds to a transframe precursor PR protein, indicating that DRV’s monomer binding is involved in the Gag-Pol autoprocessing inhibition. To our knowledge, the present report represents the first demonstration of the two-step PR dimerization dynamics and the mechanism of dimerization inhibition by DRV, which should help design further, more potent novel PR inhibitors.
UBR5-mediated ubiquitination of ATMIN is required for ionizing radiation-induced ATM signaling and function
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Cronshaw Janet , Kanu Nnennaya , Snijders Ambrosius P. , Behrens Axel 
Published: August 2014

Significance
The checkpoint kinase ATM directs the cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR) by localizing to DNA damage sites and actively phosphorylating proteins involved in repair and survival. ATM is recruited and activated at damage sites via an interaction with the Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 (MRN) complex. We have previously shown that an alternative ATM binding partner, ATMIN, competitively inhibits this interaction, suggesting that there must be a mechanism preventing ATMIN from disrupting ATM signaling in IR conditions. Here, we show that ATMIN is ubiquitinated by the E3 ligase UBR5, a modification that is stimulated by IR and favors its dissociation from ATM, freeing ATM to interact with NBS1. This mechanism allows efficient ATM activation at damage sites and promotes cell survival after irradiation.
Fungal negative-stranded RNA virus that is related to bornaviruses and nyaviruses
Authors: Liu Lijiang , Xie Jiatao , Cheng Jiasen , Fu Yanping , Li Guoqing , Yi Xianhong , Jiang Daohong 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi and replicate in fungi. Previously, no mycoviruses had been discovered with negative-stranded (−)ssRNA genomes. Here, we characterize a (−)ssRNA mycovirus that infects a fungal plant pathogen. Although its genome and organization are significantly different from those of current mononegaviruses, this virus is closely related to viruses in families Nyamiviridae and Bornaviridae that infect animals. This discovery may provide insights into the global ecology and evolution of (−)ssRNA viruses. Furthermore, since many (−)ssRNA viruses are serious human pathogens, this system is likely to provide a less hazardous way to study replication of a (−)ssRNA virus and could be useful in establishing a system to screen antiviral compounds against (−)ssRNA viruses.
Competition between recently potentiated synaptic inputs reveals a winner-take-all phase of synaptic tagging and capture
Authors: Sajikumar Sreedharan , Morris Richard G. M. , Korte Martin 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Our findings will refine the existing concept of a simple, linear phase model of memory in terms of temporal constraints on associative memory formation. We provide evidence for an in-between situation in which a “winner-take-all” process shapes the process of stable long-term memory storage. We show that when the temporal persistence of plasticity is enabled on one pathway by virtue of the availability of proteins from another earlier or later event, potentiation of a further third pathway around the same time may trigger sufficient competition to prevent persistent potentiation on all pathways. This mimics the daily situation of hippocampal neurons, which have to cope with the learning of new events under conditions of competition that can threaten stabilization.
Temperate origins of long-distance seasonal migration in New World songbirds
Authors: Winger Benjamin M. , Barker F. Keith , Ree Richard H. 
Published: August 2014

SignificanceDetermining where species arose and how they spread across the globe is paramount to understanding geographic patterns of biodiversity. For migratory organisms, this task has been difficult due to the complex geography of seasonal migration. One longstanding hypothesis is that migratory animals originated in the tropics and that migration evolved through shifts of breeding ranges to temperate regions. We tested this hypothesis in the largest radiation of migratory birds in the Americas, the emberizoid passerines. Contrary to expectations, we found that long-distance migration primarily evolved through evolutionary shifts of geographic range south for the winter out of North America, as opposed to north for the summer. Our results further suggest that seasonal migration promoted colonization of the tropics from North America.