bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intake of Toxic and Carcinogenic Volatile Organic Compounds from Secondhand Smoke in Motor Vehicles
Authors: St.Helen Gideon , Jacob Peyton , Peng Margaret , Dempsey Delia A. , Hammond S. Katharine , Benowitz Neal L. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOC) from tobacco smoke are associated with cancer, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The objective of this study was to characterize the exposure of nonsmokers to VOCs from secondhand smoke (SHS) in vehicles using mercapturic acid metabolites.
Methods: Fourteen nonsmokers were individually exposed in the backseat to one hour of SHS from a smoker seated in the driver's seat who smoked three cigarettes at 20-minute intervals in a stationary car with windows opened by 10 cm. Baseline and 0- to 8-hour postexposure mercapturic acid metabolites of nine VOCs were measured in urine. Air-to-urine VOC ratios were estimated on the basis of respirable particulate matter (PM2.5) or air nicotine concentration, and lifetime excess risk (LER) of cancer death from exposure to acrylonitrile, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene was estimated for adults.
Results: The greatest increase in 0- to 8-hour postexposure concentrations of mercapturic acids from baseline was MHBMA-3 (parent, 1,3-butadiene; 2.1-fold), then CNEMA (acrylonitrile; 1.7-fold), PMA (benzene; 1.6-fold), MMA (methylating agents; 1.6-fold), and HEMA (ethylene oxide; 1.3-fold). The LER of cancer death from exposure to acrylonitrile, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene in SHS for 5 hours a week ranged from 15.5 × 10−6 to 28.1 × 10−6 for adults, using air nicotine and PM2.5 to predict air VOC exposure, respectively.
Conclusion: Nonsmokers have significant intake of multiple VOCs from breathing SHS in cars, corresponding to health risks that exceed the acceptable level.
Impact: Smoking in cars may be associated with increased risks of cancer, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases among nonsmokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2774–82. ©2014 AACR.
Radiation Protection of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Growth Inhibition of Prostate Cancer Xenografts by a Single Compound
Authors: Alexeev Vitali , Lash Elizabeth , Aguillard April , Corsini Laura , Bitterman Avi , Ward Keith , Dicker Adam P. , Linnenbach Alban , Rodeck Ulrich 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNormal tissue toxicity markedly reduces the therapeutic index of genotoxic anticancer agents, including ionizing radiation. Countermeasures against tissue damage caused by radiation are limited by their potential to also protect malignant cells and tissues. Here, we tested a panel of signal transduction modifiers for selective radioprotection of normal but not tumor tissues. These included three inhibitors of GSK3 (LiCl, SB216763, and SB415286) and two inhibitors of NF-κB (ethyl pyruvate and RTA 408). Among these, the thiol-reactive triterpenoid RTA 408 emerged as a robust and effective protector of multiple organ systems (gastrointestinal, skin, and hemopoietic) against lethal doses of radiation. RTA 408 preserved survival and proliferation of intestinal crypt cells in lethally irradiated mice while reducing apoptosis incidence in crypts and villi. In contrast, RTA 408 uniformly inhibited growth of established CWR22Rv1, LNCaP/C4-2B, PC3, and DU145 xenografts either alone or combined with radiation. Antitumor effects in vivo were associated with reduced proliferation and intratumoral apoptosis and with inhibition of NF-κB–dependent transcription in PC3 cells. Selective protection of normal tissue compartments by RTA 408 critically depended on tissue context and could not be replicated in vitro. Collectively, these data highlight the potential of RTA 408 as a cytoprotective agent that may be safely used in chemoradiation approaches. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(12); 2968–77. ©2014 AACR.
Risk of Heart Failure Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Donneyong Macarius M. , Hornung Carlton A. , Taylor Kira C. , Baumgartner Richard N. , Myers John A. , Eaton Charles B. , Gorodeski Eiran Z. , Klein Liviu , Martin Lisa W. , Shikany James M. , Song Yiqing , Li Wenjun , Manson JoAnn E. 
Published: November 2014

Background—
Vitamin D supplementation may be an inexpensive intervention to reduce heart failure (HF) incidence. However, there are insufficient data to support this hypothesis. This study evaluates whether vitamin D plus calcium (CaD) supplementation is associated with lower rates of HF in postmenopausal women and whether the effects differ between those at high versus low risk for HF.

Methods and Results—

Analyses were restricted to 35 983 (of original 36 282) women aged 50 to 79 years old in the Women’s Health Initiative randomized trial of CaD supplementation who were randomized 1:1 in a double-blinded fashion to receive 1000 mg/d of calcium plus 400 IU/d of vitamin D
3
or placebo. Overall, 744 adjudicated incident HF cases (intervention, 363; control, 381) occurred during a median follow-up of 7.1 (interquartile range, 1.6) years. CaD supplementation, compared with placebo, was not associated with reduced HF risk in the overall population, hazard ratio, 0.95;
P
=0.46. However, CaD supplementation had differential effects (
P
interaction=0.005) in subgroups stratified by baseline risk status of HF defined by the presence (high risk=17 449) or absence (low risk=18 534) of pre-existing HF precursors including coronary heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension: 37% (hazard ratio, 0.63 [95% confidence interval, 0.46–0.87]) lower risk of HF in the low-risk versus hazard ratio, 1.06;
P
=0.51, in the high-risk subgroups.

Conclusions—
CaD supplementation did not significantly reduce HF incidence in the overall cohort, however, it was beneficial among postmenopausal women without major HF precursors while of little value in high-risk subgroups. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings and investigate the underlying mechanism.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00000611.
Topographic–Thermal Circulations and GPS-Measured Moisture Variability around Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
Authors: Villamil-Otero Gian , Meiszberg Ryan , Haase Jennifer S. , Min Ki-Hong , Jury Mark R. , Braun John J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
To investigate topographic–thermal circulations and the associated moisture variability over western Puerto Rico, field data were collected from 15 to 31 March 2011. Surface meteorological instruments and ground-based GPS receivers measured the circulation and precipitable water with high spatial and temporal resolution, and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model was used to simulate the mesoscale flow at 1-km resolution. A westerly onshore flow of ~4 m s−1 over Mayaguez Bay was observed on many days, due to an interaction between thermally driven [3°C (10 km)−1] sea-breeze circulation and an island wake comprised of twin gyres. The thermally driven sea breeze occurred only when easterly synoptic winds favorably oriented the gyres with respect to the coast. Moisture associated with onshore flow was characterized by GPS measured precipitable water (PW). There is diurnal cycling of PW &gt; 3 cm over the west coast during periods of onshore flow. The WRF Model tends to overestimate PW on the west side of the island, suggesting evapotranspiration as a process needing further attention. Fluctuations of PW affect local rainfall in times of convective instability.
Impact of dual-energy CT prior to radioembolization (RE)
Authors: Altenbernd Jens-Christian , von der Stein Ilka , Wetter Axel , Nagarajah James , Umutlu Lale , Heusner Till , Theysohn Jens M , Ringelstein Adrian , Forsting Michael , Lauenstein Thomas 
Published: November 2014

Background Depiction of the exact arterial liver anatomy as well as identifying potential extrahepatic non-target vessels is crucial for a successful preparation of radioembolization (RE). Purpose To compare the diagnostic impact of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) to digital subtraction angiography prior to RE. Material and Methods DECT was applied in 46 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prior to RE. Eighty kV DE as well as reconstructed 120 kV equivalent DE datasets were evaluated in comparison to correlating digital subtraction angiography (DSA) datasets. Two radiologists evaluated in consensus the delineation of liver arteries and extrahepatic non-target vessels utilizing a 4-point scale (4 = excellent delineation; 1 = non-diagnostic). In addition, the arterial vascularization of liver segment IV was evaluated and classified: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR; liver arteries to adjacent liver tissue) were obtained via ROI analysis. Results Both imaging techniques (DECT, DSA) enabled high-quality assessment of all analyzed liver arteries. Out of the two CT datasets, 80 kVp-DE datasets offered superior delineation of the right gastric artery (3.5 ± 0.7 vs. 2.5 ± 0.5), the vascularization of segment IV (3.9 ± 0.2 vs. 3.3 ± 0.5) as well as potential extrahepatic non-target vessels (3.9 ± 0.1 vs. 3.3 ± 0.5). In accordance to the results of the qualitative analysis, 80 kVp-DE datasets also yielded higher SNR (34.84 vs. 29.31) and CNR (28.29 vs. 21.8) values in comparison to the 120 kVp datasets. Conclusion Eighty kVp DECT enables a significantly better assessment of the arteries of the upper abdomen for therapy planning in comparison to correlating 120 kVp datasets. This may allow for identification of potential extrahepatic non-target vessels and assessment of target volume for therapy planning prior to DSA.
Gender dimorphism and age of onset in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor preclinical models and human patients
Authors: Shurell Elizabeth , Tran Linh M , Nakashima Jonathan , Smith Kathleen B , Tam Brenna M , Li Yunfeng , Dry Sarah M , Federman Noah , Tap William D , Wu Hong , Eilber Fritz C 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
Gender-based differences in disease onset in murine models of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) and in patients with Neurofibromatosis type-1-(NF-1)-associated or spontaneous MPNST has not been well studied.

Methods
Forty-three mGFAP-Cre+;Pten

loxp/+;LSL-K-ras

G12D/+ mice were observed for tumor development and evaluated for gender disparity in age of MPNST onset. Patient data from the prospectively collected UCLA sarcoma database (1974–2011, n = 113 MPNST patients) and 39 published studies on MPNST patients (n = 916) were analyzed for age of onset differences between sexes and between NF-1 and spontaneous MPNST patients.

Results
Our murine model showed gender-based differences in MPNST onset, with males developing MPNST significantly earlier than females (142 vs. 162 days, p = 0.015). In the UCLA patient population, males also developed MPNST earlier than females (median age 35 vs. 39.5 years, p = 0.048). Patients with NF-1-associated MPNST had significantly earlier age of onset compared to spontaneous MPNST (median age 33 vs. 39 years, p = 0.007). However, expanded analysis of 916 published MPNST cases revealed no significant age difference in MPNST onset between males and females. Similar to the UCLA dataset, patients with NF-1 developed MPNST at a significantly younger age than spontaneous MPNST patients (p < 0.0001, median age 28 vs. 41 years) and this disparity was maintained across North American, European, and Asian populations.

Conclusions
Although our preclinical model and single-institution patient cohort show gender dimorphism in MPNST onset, no significant gender disparity was detected in the larger MPNST patient meta-dataset. NF-1 patients develop MPNST 13 years earlier than patients with spontaneous MPNST, with little geographical variance.
Sepsis-induced lung inflammation is modulated by insulin
Authors: Filgueiras Luciano Ribeiro , Capelozzi Vera L , Martins Joilson O , Jancar Sonia 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
We have previously shown that diabetic rats are more susceptible to sepsis, but that the Acute lung injury (ALI) secondary to sepsis is less intense than in non-diabetics. In the present study, we further investigated the ALI-secondary to sepsis in diabetic rats and the effect of insulin treatment.

Methods
Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by alloxan and sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture surgery (CLP). Some diabetic rats were given neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin (4 IU, s.c.) 2 h before CLP. Six h later, the lungs were examined for edema, cell infiltration and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).

Results
The results confirmed that leukocyte infiltration and edema were milder in diabetic rats with sepsis. After insulin treatment, the lung inflammation in diabetics increased to levels comparable to the non-diabetics. The BAL concentration of PGE2 was also lower in diabetics with sepsis, and increased after insulin treatment. Sepsis was followed by early fibroblast activation in the lung parenchyma, evaluated by increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, as well as an elevated number of cells with myofibroblasts morphology. These events were significantly lower in diabetic rats and increased after insulin treatment.

Conclusion
The results show that insulin modulates the early phase of inflammation and myofibroblast differentiation in diabetic rats.
A modified shape context method for shape based object retrieval
Authors: Madireddy Radhika Mani , Gottumukkala Pardha Saradhi Varma , Murthy Potukuchi Dakshina , Chittipothula Satyanarayana 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The complexity in shape context method and its simplification is addressed. A novel, but simple approach to design shape context method including Fourier Transform for the object recognition is described. Relevance of shape context, an important descriptor for the recognition process is detailed. Inclusion of information regarding all the contour points (with respect to a reference point) in computing the distribution is discussed. Role of similarity checking the procedure details regarding the computation of matching errors through the alignment transform are discussed. Present case of shape context (for each point with respect to the centroid) descriptor is testified for its invariance to translation, rotation and scaling operations. Euclidean distance is used during the similarity matching. Modified shape context based descriptor is experimented over three standard databases. The results evidence the relative efficiency of the modified shape context based descriptor than that reported for other descriptor of concurrent interests.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is required for recruitment of scar-associated macrophages during liver fibrosis
Authors: Barnes Mark A , McMullen Megan R , Roychowdhury Sanjoy , Madhun Nabil Z , Niese Kathryn , Olman Mitchell A , Stavitsky Abram B , Bucala Richard , Nagy Laura E 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Recruitment of peripheral monocytes to the liver is a key contributor to the response to injury. MIF can act as a chemokine and cytokine, regulating innate immune responses in many tissues and cell types. We hypothesized that MIF contributes to the progression of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis by regulating recruitment of SAM. SAMs dynamically regulate HSC activation and ECM degradation. To gain insight into the role of MIF in progression of liver fibrosis, we investigated markers of fibrosis and immune responses after chronic CCl4 administration to female C57BL/6 and MIF−/− mice. Chronic CCl4 exposure increased activation of HSC in WT mice, indicated by increased expression of αSMA mRNA and protein, as well as mRNA for collagen 1α1; these responses were blunted in female MIF−/− mice. Despite lower activation of HSC in MIF−/− mice, accumulation of ECM was similar in WT and MIF−/−mice, suggesting a decreased rate of ECM degradation. Recruitment of SAMs was lower in MIF−/− mice compared with WT mice, both in their initial inflammatory phenotype, as well as in the later phase as proresolution macrophages. The decreased presence of resolution macrophages was associated with lower expression of MMP13 in MIF−/− mice. Taken together, these data indicate that MIF-dependent recruitment of SAMs contributes to degradation of ECM via MMP13, highlighting the importance of appropriate recruitment and phenotypic profile of macrophages in the resolution of fibrosis.
Untangling dopamine-adenosine receptor assembly in experimental parkinsonism
Authors: Fernández-Dueñas Víctor , Taura Jaume J. , Cottet Martin , Gómez-Soler Maricel , López-Cano Marc , Ledent Catherine , Watanabe Masahiko , Trinquet Eric , Pin Jean-Philippe , Luján Rafael , Durroux Thierry , Ciruela Francisco 
Published: November 2014

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a dopaminergic-related pathology in which basal ganglia functioning are altered. It has been postulated that a direct receptor-receptor – i.e. dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) – interaction may be finely regulating this brain area. Accordingly, elucidating whether the pathology prompts changes on these structures could grant valuable information for the design of new PD therapies. Here, we first resolved a long-standing question concerning D2R-A2AR assembly in native tissue. Thus, by means of different complementary experimental approaches (i.e. immunoelectron microscopy, proximity ligation assay and TR-FRET), we unambiguously identified native D2R/A2AR oligomers in rat striatum. Subsequently, we determined that under pathological conditions (i.e. in a rat PD model) D2R-A2AR interaction was impaired. Collectively, these results provide definitive evidence for a native D2R/A2AR oligomer alteration in experimental parkinsonism, thus conferring the rationale for appropriate oligomer-based PD treatments.
Cytotoxic, Anti-inflammatory, and Antibacterial Sulfur-Containing Polybromoindoles from the Formosan Red Alga Laurencia brongniartii
Authors: Fang Hui-Yu , Chiou Shu-Fen , Uvarani Chokkalingam , Wen Zih-Hong , Hsu Chi-Hsin , Wu Yang-Chang , Wang Wei-Lung , Liaw Chih-Chuang , Sheu Jyh-Horng 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A new polybrominated indole, 4,5,6-tribromo-2-methylsulfinylindole (1), and eleven known metabolites 2–12 were isolated from the acetone extract of the red alga Laurencia brongniartii. Structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities of these sulfur-containing polybromoindoles were evaluated.
Developing a Support Vector Machine Based QSPR Model for Prediction of Atmospheric Lifetime of Some Halocarbons
Authors: Fatemi Mohammad Hossein , Samghani Kobra 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this work, the atmospheric lifetime of 60 halocarbons was estimated from their theoretical derived molecular descriptors by applying quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) methodology. The most relevant descriptors selected by stepwise multiple linear regression were used for developing linear and nonlinear models by using multiple linear regression and support vector machine, respectively. Here we show that the support vector machine model is finely capable for predicting the lifetime of halocarbons. The built support vector machine model was assessed by leave one out cross-validation (Q2 = 0.928, SPRESS = 0.479) and Y-randomization test (R2 = 0.222 for 25 trail) as well as external validation test. The developed support vector machine model was used for prediction of the atmospheric lifetime of some halocarbons with lifetimes not reported experimentally.
“The Charge of Religion Belongeth unto Princes”: Peter Martyr Vermigli on the Unity of Civil and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction
Authors: Kirby Torrance 
Published: November 2014

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Untersucht wird eine Kontroverse um das Fasten, die in England im Herbst 1562 ausgetragen wurde und die den Klerikern der englischen Staatskirche deutlich werden ließ, wie stark das elisabethanische „church settlement“ Elemente katholischer Frömmigkeit aufrechterhielt. Daher bemühten sich die calvinistisch Denkenden unter den Kleriker der Church of England in der Kontroverse mit John Sanderson einerseits, die Wichtigkeit des Fastens hervorzuheben, andererseits, sich von der katholischen Praxis mit ihren Vorschriften und Verboten zu distanzieren.
Specific or Generic “Gentile Tale”? Sources on the Breslau Host Desecration (1453) Reconsidered
Authors: Joldersma Hermina 
Published: November 2014

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die Funktion von Erzählungen über Hostienschändungen in der spätmittelalterlichen Gesellschaft. Untersucht werden drei Quellengruppen (Lieder, Exempla und „historische“ Erzählungen), die über die Breslauer Hostienschändung von 1453 berichten. Die Darstellungen werden miteinander verglichen und in den Kontext ihres literarischen Genres, ihrer Herkunft und ihrer Funktion gestellt. Die Erzählungen über die Hostienschändung können als typisches Beispiel einer „gentile tale“ (Miri Rubin) gelten: eine Geschichte, die von Christen för Christen erzählt wurde und eine spezifische Funktion in der christlichen Gesellschaft hatte. Die Funktion der hier untersuchten Erzählungen ist im Kontext der Devotio Moderna in den Niederlanden und in Deutschland zu suchen.
Zur Geschichtstheologie der Täufer
Authors: Burschel Peter 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Proceeding from the question of to what extent even the Anabaptists hoped to be able to become as they thought they had been, the author attempts by means of historical theology to decipher both of their most important martyrologies: the Geschichtbuech| of the Hutterites, which arose around 1570 in Moravia; and the Bloedig Tooneel Der Doops-gesinde, En Weereloose Christenen, by the Mennonite Tielemann Jansz van Braght from Dordrecht, which first appeared in 1660. Although both martyrologies aimed at a common goal - the moral renewal of the Anabaptist communities in times of “beautiful illusion” [des schönen Scheins|] - the descriptions of the past are fundamentally different. The Geschichtbuech| rests upon historical exclusivity and reflects the still very pronounced separatism of the Hutterites, whereas the Bloedig Tooneel| contains a sense of historical continuity. The latter consequently strengthens the consciousness of the dangers of the world, without categorically ruling out some social participation by the Mennonites.
Miszelle: Ein unbekannter Brief Andreas Osianders: Ein Nachtrag zur Osiander-Gesamtausgabe
Authors: Seebaß Gottfried 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
This is an addendum to the edition of the works of Andreas Osiander. It is a letter from the Nuremberg reformer to Christoph Ering, who had been dismissed as chaplain of George, duke of Saxony, in 1529 because of his Protestant preaching. Osiander reports on the different versions of the Confutatio, the Catholic response to the Confessio Augustana.