bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enjoying mathematics or feeling competent in mathematics? Reciprocal effects on mathematics achievement and perceived math effort expenditure
Authors: Pinxten Maarten , Marsh Herbert W. , De Fraine Bieke , Van Den Noortgate Wim , Van Damme Jan 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundThe multidimensionality of the academic self‐concept in terms of domain specificity has been well established in previous studies, whereas its multidimensionality in terms of motivational functions (the so‐called affect‐competence separation) needs further examination.AimThis study aims at exploring differential effects of enjoyment and competence beliefs on two external validity criteria in the field of mathematics.SampleData analysed in this study were part of a large‐scale longitudinal research project. Following a five‐wave design, math enjoyment, math competence beliefs, math achievement, and perceived math effort expenditure measures were repeatedly collected from a cohort of 4,724 pupils in Grades 3–7.MethodConfirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the internal factor structure of the math self‐concept. Additionally, a series of nested models was tested using structural equation modelling to examine longitudinal reciprocal interrelations between math competence beliefs and math enjoyment on the one hand and math achievement and perceived math effort expenditure on the other.ResultsOur results showed that CFA models with separate factors for math enjoyment and math competence beliefs fit the data substantially better than models without it. Furthermore, differential relationships between both constructs and the two educational outcomes were observed. Math competence beliefs had positive effects on math achievement and negative effects on perceived math effort expenditure. Math enjoyment had (mild) positive effects on subsequent perceived effort expenditure and math competence beliefs.ConclusionThis study provides further support for the affect‐competence separation. Theoretical issues regarding adequate conceptualization and practical consequences for practitioners are discussed.
Cellular immune dysfunction in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Authors: McKenzie Christopher G. J. , Guo Li , Freedman John , Semple John W. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryOver the past decades, a wealth of information has been reported about the pathogenic features of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). To this day, however, it is unclear whether the immune abnormalities associated withITPplay causative roles in the disease or are secondary epiphenomena brought on by the inflammatory processes that are associated with the disorder. Like the majority of all autoimmune diseases,ITPis an organ‐specific disease and abnormalities in immune cell types, such as antigen‐presenting cells (APC),Tcells andBcells have been shown to play some sort of role in the initiation and/or perpetuation of the disease. This review will discuss recent advances in understanding three immune cells important inITPpathophysiology:APC, T cells and B cells, and will review how they interact with each other to initiate and perpetuateITP, particularly the chronic form of the disorder. It will also focus on new data related to the genetics of the disorder and discuss relevant animal models ofITP.
A positive real‐time elastography is an independent marker for detection of high‐risk prostate cancers in the primary biopsy setting
Authors: Nygård Yngve , Haukaas Svein A. , Halvorsen Ole J. , Gravdal Karsten , Frugård Jannicke , Akslen Lars A. , Beisland Christian 
Published: August 2013

Objective
To evaluate the performance of real‐time elastography (RTE) in an initial biopsy setting.
Patients and Methods
In the period from February 2011 to June 2012, 127 consecutive patients were included in the study.
We used a Hitachi Preirus with Hi‐RTE module, a prostate end‐fire transrectal probe was used for RTE and for targeted biopsies, and a simultaneous biplane probe was used for the standard systematic biopsies.
The peripheral zone of the prostate was divided into six regions, and each biopsy obtained was referred to a specific region.
All patients were first examined with RTE and, if cancer was suspected, targeted biopsies were taken. A standard systematic 10‐core biopsy was then taken in all patients.
Results
In all, 64 (50%) patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer in the initial biopsy setting. Three patients were diagnosed solely on RTE‐targeted biopsies, 31 were found only in systematic biopsies, and 30 were correctly diagnosed with both methods. In the RTE‐positive group there was a significantly higher frequency of positive cores, a lower prostate volume, a higher Gleason score, and a higher fraction of cancer tissue in each core.
In a multiple regression model RTE was an independent marker for high‐risk cancer.
The sensitivity of 42% for all prostate cancers increased to 60% for high‐grade prostate cancers.
Similarly, the negative predictive value increased from 79% to 97%. An additional eight patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer during the study period.
Conclusions
A positive RTE is an independent marker for detection of high‐risk prostate cancer, and a negative RTE argues against such.
RTE with targeted biopsies cannot replace systematic biopsies, but provides valuable additional information about the tumours.
Urinary tract stone raises subsequent risk for urinary tract cancer: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Sun Li‐Min , Lin Cheng‐Li , Chang Yen‐Jung , Liang Ji‐An , Liu Shu‐Hui , Sung Fung‐Chang , Kao Chia‐Hung 
Published: August 2013

Objective
To evaluate the association between urinary tract stone (UTS) and urinary tract cancer (UTC) in Taiwanese patients, as the results of epidemiological studies about the relationship between UTS and the development of UTC remain inconclusive.
Patients/Subjects and Methods
We conducted a population‐based cohort study using data from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance system. The UTS cohort included 21 862 patients, and each patient was randomly frequency‐matched for age, sex, and index year with two insured members of the general population who did not have UTS.
Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of UTS on the risk of UTC.
Results
Patients with UTS were at a significantly higher risk of developing UTC compared with the comparison group (adjusted hazard ratio 4.66; 95% confidence interval 2.97–7.30).
Women were at higher risk than men.
Further analyses showed that the level of UTC was associated with that of UTS, and that the risk for UTC became more divergent for the two groups over time.
Conclusions
Taiwanese patients with UTS, particularly women, had a higher risk for developing UTC than patients without UTS. The risk became more marked over time for this group.
Progression to detrusor muscle invasion during urothelial carcinoma surveillance is associated with poor prognosis
Authors: Breau Rodney H. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Farmer Sara A. , Thapa Prabin , Cagiannos Ilias , Morash Christopher , Frank Igor 
Published: August 2013

Objective
To evaluate survival in patients after radical cystectomy (RC) who presented with non‐muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinoma and progressed to muscle invasion during surveillance. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the association between clinical factors before RC and survival.
Patients and Methods
In all, 981 consecutive Mayo Clinic RC patients without a history of radiation or systemic chemotherapy were reviewed.
Of these, 190 had RC after they progressed from non‐muscle invasive disease to muscle invasion (progressed to ≥pT2).
These patients were compared to 310 patients who had RC before muscle invasion (≤pT1), and 481 patients who had muscle invasion at initial presentation (presented with ≥pT2).
Survival estimates were generated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test, while adjusted analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard regression models.
Results
Patients who progressed to muscle invasion on surveillance had a higher risk of death than patients who initially presented with muscle invasion (overall survival hazard ratio [HR] 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0, 1.5).
The estimated 5‐year cancer‐specific survival was 85.4% for patients presenting with ≤pT1, 52.9% for patients who progressed to ≥pT2, and 62.4% for patients who presented with ≥pT2 (P < 0.001). The corresponding 5‐year overall survival rates were 70.0%, 42.1%, and 49.5% (P < 0.001).
Of the patients who initially presented with non‐muscle‐invasive disease, progression to muscle invasion was associated with increased risk of cancer‐specific death (adjusted HR 2.38; 95% CI 1.6, 3.5). Lack of information about patients who presented without muscle invasion and never received RC is the major limitation of this study.
Conclusions
Despite close surveillance, many patients who progress to muscle invasion will die from bladder cancer.
Patients who progress to muscle invasion on surveillance seem to have particularly aggressive disease and may benefit from multimodal treatments.
Functional and oncological outcomes of patients aged <50 years treated with radical prostatectomy for localised prostate cancer in a European population
Authors: Becker Andreas , Tennstedt Pierre , Hansen Jens , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Kluth Luis , Atassi Nabil , Schlomm Thorsten , Salomon Georg , Haese Alexander , Budaeus Lars , Michl Uwe , Heinzer Hans , Huland Hartwig , Graefen Markus , Steuber Thomas 
Published: August 2013

Objective
To address the biochemical and functional outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) of men aged <50 years in a large European population.
Patients and Methods
Among 13 268 patients who underwent RP for clinically localised prostate cancer at our centre (1992–2011), 443 (3.3%) men aged <50 were identified.
Biochemical recurrence (BCR) and functional outcomes (International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF‐5], use of pads), were prospectively evaluated and compared between men aged <50 years and older patients.
Results
Men aged <50 years were more likely to harbour D’Amico low‐risk (49.4 vs 34.9%, P < 0.001), organ‐confined (82.6 vs 69.4%, P < 0.001) and low‐grade tumours (Gleason score <7: 33.1 vs 28.7%, P < 0.001).
Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age <50 years (hazard ratio 0.99; confidence interval 0.72–1.31; P = 0.9) was not a predictor of BCR. Urinary continence was more favourable in younger patients, resulting in continence rates of 97.4% vs 91.6% in most recent years (2009–2011) for patients aged <50 vs ≥50 years.
After RP, a median IIEF‐5 drop of 4 points in younger men vs 8 points in older patients was recorded (P < 0.001).
Favourable recovery of urinary continence and erectile function in patients aged <50 years compared with their older counterparts was confirmed after multivariable adjustment.
Conclusion
Men aged <50 years diagnosed with localised prostate cancer should not be discouraged from RP, as the postoperative rates of urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction are low and probability of BCR‐free survival at 2 and 5 years is high.
A historical comparison of single incision and conventional multiport laparoscopic right hemicolectomy
Authors: Keshava A. , Young C. J. , Richardson G. L. , De‐Loyde K. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimSingle incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is specially suited for surgery of the right colon. This study presents the results of a historical controlled trial comparing single incision and multiport laparoscopic surgery (MLS) for right hemicolectomy.MethodA review of outcome data from 149 patients who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was performed from the Concord Hospital laparoscopic colorectal database.ResultsBetween July 2006 and December 2011, 149 consecutive laparoscopic right hemicolectomies were performed. The first 74 were performed by MLS and from February 2009 all cases were performed by SILS (n = 75).The median ages in the MLS and SILS groups were 74 and 68 years. The median body mass index was 27 kg/m2 in both groups. Patients were hospitalized for a median of 8 days in the MLS group compared with 5 days in the SILS group. The median length of the extraction wound was 50 mm in the MLS group compared with 43 mm in the SILS group. The indications for surgery were similar in both groups, being 67% and 68%. One patient in each group required conversion to open laparotomy, and no patient in the SILS group required conversion to a conventional multiport technique. Postoperative morbidity was similar in both groups.ConclusionSILS offers a safe minimally invasive approach to right colon resection. In our series SILS patients had a shorter extraction wound size and shorter length of stay in hospital.
Satisfaction with medical treatment in patients with hand dermatitis – a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Herschel Solveig , Schmitt Jochen , Bauer Andrea 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBackgroundDespite the significant clinical and economic burden of hand dermatitis, data on patientsí satisfaction with treatment and related determining factors are lacking.Patients and MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study using a standardized survey, including all patients with hand dermatitis treated between 12/2001 and 11/2008 at the Department of Dermatology, TU Dresden. Patients were asked about socio‐demographic data, disease characteristics, occupational data, quality of life, treatment satisfaction and their treatment goals. Based on an a priori model, possible impact factors on treatment satisfaction were analyzed using regression modeling.ResultsOf 382 contacted patients, 215 agreed to participate in the study (133 [61.3%] female). The mean age was 42 years. 155 patients (72.1%) had had severe or very severe hand dermatitis in the past. The majority of the patients were satisfied with the medical treatment. Treatment satisfaction was determined by the impression of professional competence (p < 0.001), physiciansí empathy (p < 0.001), sufficient information on course, prognosis, and treatment options (p < 0.001), the patientsí self‐treatment competency (p < 0.001), quality of life (p = 0.007), as well as on the severity of hand dermatitis (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe data point out that in the therapy of chronic hand dermatitis, along with professional competence, the physiciansí empathy, provision of sufficient information about the disease, and teaching self‐treatment competency play a prominent role in improving the treatment satisfaction of the patients.
Determinants of Functional Mitral Regurgitation Severity in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy versus Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Konstantinou Dimitrios M. , Papadopoulou Klio , Giannakoulas George , Kamperidis Vasilis , Dalamanga Emmanouela G. , Damvopoulou Efthalia , Parcharidou Despina G. , Karamitsos Theodoros D. , Karvounis Haralambos I. 
Published: August 2013

AimsFunctional mitral regurgitation (MR) is prevalent among patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and is associated with a poorer prognosis. Our aim was to assess the primary determinants of MR severity in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).Methods and ResultsPatients with functional MR secondary to ICM (n = 55) and DCM (n = 48) were prospectively enrolled. Effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) area, global LV remodeling, regional wall‐motion abnormalities, and mitral apparatus deformity indices were assessed utilizing conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography. ICM patients had more severe MR compared with DCM patients despite similar ejection fraction and functional status (ERO = 0.16 ± 0.08 cm2 vs. ERO = 0.12 ± 0.70 cm2, respectively, P = 0.002). Regional myocardial systolic velocities in mid‐inferior and mid‐lateral wall were negatively correlated with ERO in ICM and DCM patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified coaptation height as the only independent determinant of ERO in both groups. In a subset of ICM patients (n = 9) with relatively high ERO despite low coaptation height, a higher prevalence of left bundle branch block was detected (88.9% vs. 46.7%, P = 0.02).ConclusionsFunctional MR severity was chiefly determined by the extent of mitral apparatus deformity, and coaptation height can provide a rapid estimation of MR severity in heart failure patients. Additional contributory mechanisms in ICM patients include depressed myocardial systolic velocities in posteromedial papillary muscle attaching site and evidence of global LV dyssynchrony.
Global and Regional Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Calcutteea Avin , Lindqvist Per , Soderberg Stefan , Henein Michael Y. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundPulmonary hypertension (PH) is known to affect the right ventricular (RV) function.AimsTo assess the extent of global and regional RV dysfunction in PH patients.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study on 20 controls (age 62 ± 15 years, 7 males) and 35 patients (age 67 ± 12 years, 13 males) with PH of mixed etiologies and assessed RV inflow and outflow tracts (OTs) function, using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) based myocardial deformation and its time relations. RV inlet and OT dimensions (2D), inlet myocardial velocities (TDI), myocardial strain and strain rate (SR), TAPSE (M‐mode), ejection and filling times (pulsed‐wave [PW] Doppler), and pulmonary artery acceleration (PAc) were measured.ResultsRV inlet and OT were dilated (P < 0.001 for both) and TAPSE (P < 0.001), inlet velocities (P < 0.001), basal and mid‐cavity strain, SR and longitudinal displacement reduced (P < 0.001 for all). The time to peak systolic SR at basal, mid‐cavity (P < 0.001 for both), and RVOT (P = 0.007) was short as was that to peak displacement (P < 0.001 for all). The time to peak pulmonary ejection correlated with time to peak SR at RVOT (r = 0.7, P < 0.001) in controls, but with that of the mid‐cavity in patients (r = 0.71, P < 0.001). PAc was faster (P = 0.001) and RV filling time shorter in patients (P = 0.03) with respect to controls.ConclusionsPH has drastic effects on RV structure and intrinsic myocardial function, significantly disturbing its ejection time relations and overall pump performance. Increased RV afterload results in RV configuration changes with the inflow tract determining peak ejection rather than OT.
Pinhole Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Srinivas Sunil Kumar , Rajendran Ravindran , Subramanian Anand , Bhat Prabhavathi , Chandrasekaran Dhanalakshmi , Manjunath Cholenahally Nanjappa 
Published: August 2013

Mini‐AbstractA 46‐year‐old male with known rheumatic heart disease presented in cardiac arrest. He was successfully resuscitated. Two‐dimensional echocardiography showed severe calcific rheumatic mitral stenosis with pinhole opening of the valve. The mitral valve area in planimetry was 0.14 cm2. Three‐dimensional echocardiography confirmed the severity of the stenosis. Patient underwent successful mitral valve replacement with tricuspid valve annuloplasty, Left atrial size reduction, and maze procedure on emergency basis. A mitral valve area of 0.14 cm2 is rarely encountered in clinical practice.
Abdominal obesity with hypertriglyceridaemia, lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein A‐I determine marked cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Onat Altan , Can Günay , Örnek Ender , Sansoy Vedat , Aydın Mesut , Yüksel Hüsniye 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundRisks for coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes (T2DM) of the ‘hypertriglyceridemic waist’ phenotype (HtgW) warrant further investigation. We studied this issue and whether partial proinflammatory conversion of apolipoprotein (apo) A‐I by lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a codeterminant.Materials and MethodsIn a population‐based prospective study, 1328 Turkish adults were analysed in four groups by the presence of abdominal obesity and elevated triglycerides (Htg).ResultsLDL‐cholesterol levels, significantly elevated in isolated Htg, were lower in HtgW, yet significantly higher apoB and complement C3 values existed in women with HtgW in whom also the lowest Lp(a) values prevailed. Lp(a) was linearly associated, more strongly in HtgW than in the remaining groups, with apoB and, in women inversely, with gamma‐glutamyltransferase. Incident HtgW was predicted, not in men, but in women inversely by Lp(a) (OR 0·80 [95%CI 0·65; 0·97]), regardless of adjustment for relevant confounders. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, HtgW (OR 2·84) and high apoA‐I/HDL‐C ratio (OR 1·50) were significantly and additively associated with combined prevalent and incident CHD risk. High apoA‐I and low HDL‐cholesterol levels interacted therein in women. Type‐2 diabetes was strongly predicted by HtgW, mediated in men by high apoA‐I/HDL‐C ratio.ConclusionHtgW is associated with excess inflammatory markers, is predicted in women paradoxically by lower circulating Lp(a) and is associated in both sexes with marked excess cardiometabolic risk to which high apoA‐I/HDL‐C ratio contributes additively. These findings are consistent in women with apoA‐I being oxidized via aggregation to Lp(a).
Influence of the surrounding landscape on crop colonization by a polyphagous insect pest
Authors: Sivakoff Frances S. , Rosenheim Jay A. , Dutilleul Pierre , Carrière Yves 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLandscape composition plays an important, but poorly understood, role in the population dynamics of agricultural pest species with broad host ranges including both crops and weeds. One such pest, the generalist plant bugLygus hesperusKnight (Hemiptera:Miridae), is a key cotton pest that feeds on various hosts differing in quality inCalifornia'sSanJoaquinValley (USA). We investigated the effects of 15 common crops and uncultivated agricultural land onL. hesperuspopulations, by correlating the densities ofL. hesperusin focal cotton fields with the areas of the 16 crops in surrounding rings. Insect counts were provided by private pest‐control advisors, and spatial data were obtained fromKernCounty records. We first calculatedSpearman's partial correlation coefficients on an annual basis for each crop separately, and then performed a meta‐analysis of these correlations across years to describe the overall effect of a particular crop onL. hesperusafter the effects of the 15 other crops are removed. Consistent with studies conducted in other areas,L. hesperusdensity was positively correlated with safflower, and negatively with cotton.Lygus hesperusdensity was also correlated with several other crops that are often not considered in pest management, including grape, oat, and onion (positive correlations), and almond, pistachio, and potato (negative correlations).Lygus hesperusdensity was also found to be negatively correlated with alfalfa and positively correlated with uncultivated habitats, a relationship that receives mixed support in the literature. Several other crops tested were not significantly correlated withL. hesperusdensities in focal cotton fields, suggesting a neutral role for them inL. hesperusdynamics. The improved understanding of the effects of a greater variety of crops onL. hesperuspopulation dynamics will be useful in the design of agricultural landscapes for enhanced management of this important polyphagous pest.