bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling microRNA expression in fracture nonunions
Authors: Waki T. , Lee S. Y. , Niikura T. , Iwakura T. , Dogaki Y. , Okumachi E. , Kuroda R. , Kurosaka M. 
Published: July 2015

MicroRNAs (miRNAs ) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. We hypothesised that the functions of certain miRNAs and changes to their patterns of expression may be crucial in the pathogenesis of nonunion. Healing fractures and atrophic nonunions produced by periosteal cauterisation were created in the femora of 94 rats, with 1:1 group allocation. At post-fracture days three, seven, ten, 14, 21 and 28, miRNAs were extracted from the newly generated tissue at the fracture site. Microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses of day 14 samples revealed that five miRNAs, miR-31a-3p, miR-31a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-146b-5p and miR-223-3p, were highly upregulated in nonunion. Real-time PCR analysis further revealed that, in nonunion, the expression levels of all five of these miRNAs peaked on day 14 and declined thereafter. Our results suggest that miR-31a-3p, miR-31a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-146b-5p and miR-223-3p may play an important role in the development of nonunion. These findings add to the understanding of the molecular mechanism for nonunion formation and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for its treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:1144–51.
Diagnostic accuracy of the gravity stress test and clinical signs in cases of isolated supination–external rotation-type lateral malleolar fractures
Authors: Nortunen S. , Flinkkilä T. , Lantto I. , Kortekangas T. , Niinimäki J. , Ohtonen P. , Pakarinen H. 
Published: July 2015

We prospectively assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the gravity stress test and clinical findings to evaluate the stability of the ankle mortise in patients with supination–external rotation-type fractures of the lateral malleolus without widening of the medial clear space. The cohort included 79 patients with a mean age of 44 years (16 to 82). Two surgeons assessed medial tenderness, swelling and ecchymosis and performed the external rotation (ER) stress test (a reference standard). A diagnostic radiographer performed the gravity stress test. For the gravity stress test, the positive likelihood ratio (LR) was 5.80 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.75 to 12.27, and the negative LR was 0.15 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.35), suggesting a moderate change from the pre-test probability. Medial tenderness, both alone and in combination with swelling and/or ecchymosis, indicated a small change (positive LR, 2.74 to 3.25; negative LR, 0.38 to 0.47), whereas swelling and ecchymosis indicated only minimal changes (positive LR, 1.41 to 1.65; negative LR, 0.38 to 0.47). In conclusion, when gravity stress test results are in agreement with clinical findings, the result is likely to predict stability of the ankle mortise with an accuracy equivalent to ER stress test results. When clinical examination suggests a medial-side injury, however, the gravity stress test may give a false negative result. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:1126–31.
Return of functional mobility after an open tibial fracture
Authors: Kwasnicki R. M. , Hettiaratchy S. , Okogbaa J. , Lo B. , Yang G-Z. , Darzi A. 
Published: July 2015

In this study we quantified and characterised the return of functional mobility following open tibial fracture using the Hamlyn Mobility Score. A total of 20 patients who had undergone reconstruction following this fracture were reviewed at three-month intervals for one year. An ear-worn movement sensor was used to assess their mobility and gait. The Hamlyn Mobility Score and its constituent kinematic features were calculated longitudinally, allowing analysis of mobility during recovery and between patients with varying grades of fracture. The mean score improved throughout the study period. Patients with more severe fractures recovered at a slower rate; those with a grade I Gustilo-Anderson fracture completing most of their recovery within three months, those with a grade II fracture within six months and those with a grade III fracture within nine months. Analysis of gait showed that the quality of walking continued to improve up to 12 months post-operatively, whereas the capacity to walk, as measured by the six-minute walking test, plateaued after six months. Late complications occurred in two patients, in whom the trajectory of recovery deviated by > 0.5 standard deviations below that of the remaining patients. This is the first objective, longitudinal assessment of functional recovery in patients with an open tibial fracture, providing some clarification of the differences in prognosis and recovery associated with different grades of fracture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:1118–25.
The mechanical effects of extracorporeal irradiation on bone
Authors: Gupta S. , Cafferky D. , Cowie F. , Riches P. , Mahendra A. 
Published: July 2015

Extracorporeal irradiation of an excised tumour-bearing segment of bone followed by its re-implantation is a technique used in bone sarcoma surgery for limb salvage when the bone is of reasonable quality. There is no agreement among previous studies about the dose of irradiation to be given: up to 300 Gy have been used. We investigated the influence of extracorporeal irradiation on the elastic and viscoelastic properties of bone. Bone was harvested from mature cattle and subdivided into 13 groups: 12 were exposed to increasing levels of irradiation: one was not and was used as a control. The specimens, once irradiated, underwent mechanical testing in saline at 37°C. The mechanical properties of each group, including Young’s modulus, storage modulus and loss modulus, were determined experimentally and compared with the control group. There were insignificant changes in all of these mechanical properties with an increasing level of irradiation. We conclude that the overall mechanical effect of high levels of extracorporeal irradiation (300 Gy) on bone is negligible. Consequently the dose can be maximised to reduce the risk of local tumour recurrence. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1152–6.
Determination of the Strength of L-Type Corner Joints Obtained from Wood-Based Board Materials Using Different Joining Techniques
Authors: Imirzi Hasan Ozgur , Ozkaya Kadir , Efe Hasan 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Flat pack (ready-to-assemble, knockdown) furniture has become the most extensive furniture model produced with the development of wood-based board materials technology. It is especially preferred in the building industry as a model suitable for mass production. In this study, the resistances of dowels and screws, which are used in a widespread manner as joining material at the corners of ready-to-assemble furniture, were investigated against tensile and compression resistances in the diagonal direction. Chipboard (CB), medium-density fiberboard, and gaboon mahogany plywood (GMP), 14, 16, and 18 mm thick, were used in this study. Dowel + screw, screw, screw + polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive, and screw + polyurethane (PUR) adhesive joining were implemented for the L-type corner models obtained from wood-based board materials. According to the results obtained, the highest moment-carrying capacity values in the L-type corner joining were provided in the 18-mm GMP board joined with screw + PVAc adhesive and screw + PUR adhesive for both tests. The joining made without adhesive and the CB materials produced the lowest moment-carrying capacity values.
Antioxidant Activity of Selected Apple Cultivars Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Authors: Mirosavljević Krunoslav , Bilić Branka , Benković-Lacić Teuta 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The total antioxidant activity of three apple cultivars conventionally farmed (Jonagold, Golden Delicious and Idared) and two cultivars organically farmed (Jonagold and Golden Delicious) were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The spin label used for experiments was TEMPO radical (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) with a well-defined EPR spectrum consisting of three equidistant peaks. The results obtained indicated difference in the total antioxidant activity of apples grown in two different ways, conventional and organic, as well as between different cultivars grown in the same way. The Golden Delicious cultivar is richer in antioxidants than the Jonagold and Idared, regardless of the method of farming. The difference between them is higher in conventionally grown apples than in organically farmed apples. Experimental data was fitted with non-linear curve fit for exponential decay of the first order based on the Levenberg-Marquardt method. The high values of the R2 parameters for all data indicated correctness in the proposition of exponential decay of the first order as a model describing the dynamic properties of spin labels which diminish in the presence of fresh apple juice.
Pollen Morphology of Pinus mugo Turra × Pinus sylvestris L. Hybrids and Parental Species in an Experimental Culture
Authors: Bykowska Joanna , Klimko Małgorzata 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Pollen grains of Pinus mugo, P. sylvestris and P. ×rhaetica (= P. mugo × P. sylvestris) were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains were bisaccate and monosulcate. The corpus-saccus attachment was distinct. The pollen corpus exine sculpture was verrucate-rugulate and deeply sculptured. The surface of the tectum was covered with small grana and it was perforate. The saccus sexine ornamentation was reticulate and irregularly perforate. The tectum surface characters in the proximal and distal view of the corpus and saccus were less variable and they did not provide good criteria to identify the species under study. However, some differences were observed in the size of elevation on the corpus between pollen grains of the same species and between the parental species. This study of the pollen grain morphology of the corpus and saccus provided some important new data.
New Concepts of Innovation in Economic Sciences – Implications in the Field of Food Economy
Authors: Juchniewicz Małgorzata , Grzybowska Barbara 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The development of innovation theory points to the growing importance of innovation in the processes occurring in the economy. The paper characterizes evolutionary changes innovation models - starting with the linear models up to the cooperation network concept. Particular attention was paid to the creation of contemporary models of innovation and the possibility of their implementation in the food industry. It was found that innovation should increasingly be based on the concept of open innovation. It assumes the active participation of many actors in the creation of cross-organizational knowledge and skills improvement. This trend may be the answer to food industry companies to the growing competitive pressure in global markets.
Basic Aspects Of Productivity Of Underground Coal Gasification Process
Authors: Dubiński Józef , Turek Marian 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
An analysis of conditions which enable attaining possibly highest productivity of industrial scale underground coal gasification technology is presented. The analysis was prepared basing on results obtained during an experimental gasification process conducted in workings of an active hard coal mine. Basic aspects determining application and productivity of the technology concern both general conditions, referring to the hard coal seam being gasified, and practical issues, which need to be considered in coal mine conditions. To present them, the technology of underground coal gasification and still commonly used classical longwall method of mining coal seams are compared.
Boltzmann Equation In The Modeling Of Mineral Processing
Authors: Zhukov Vladimir Pavlovich , Otwinowski Henryk , Belyakov Anton Nikolaevich , Wyleciał Tomasz , Mizonov Vadim Evgenevich 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper presents an application of the Boltzmann kinetic equation to the simultaneous modeling of multi-dimensional processes. This equation defines the evolution of the distribution of the probability density in a given phase space. In the case of a grinding process, the considered phase space is defined by the Cartesian coordinates of particle position, the components of particle velocity and the particle size. The theory of Markov processes is used in the paper to solve the Boltzmann equation for the multi-dimensional space of system states. In order to verify the presented model, research into the simultaneous comminution and movement of material in a drum ball mill was performed. The methodology developed to solve the Boltzmann equation significantly reduces the computational time, which is particularly important in the solution of multi-dimensional problems.
Short-Term Predictions Of Methane Emissions During Longwall Mining
Authors: Krause Eugeniusz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The prediction of methane emissions to the longwall environment carried out at the design stage may include subjective errors resulting from the underestimation of input values for calculations and in particular, methane saturation of underlying and overlying seams, their thickness and distance from the mined seam.
The method of a short-term prediction of methane emissions to the longwall environment during its excavation which is presented in this article and which was developed as a part of a strategic research project (Krause et al., 2013), allows for verification of discrepancies between the predicted methane emissions during excavation for the designed longwall and the actual one. The method of short-term prediction allows for variant pre-estimation of methane emissions for changing operational progress and changes in methane saturation of the mined seam and surrounding deposit at the panel length. It can be used by the Mine Ventilation Department continuously during the longwall mining.
Interpretation Of Ground Penetrating Radar Attributes In Identifying The Risk Of Mining Subsidence
Authors: Tomecka-Suchoń Sylwia , Marcak Henryk 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Sinkholes which occur in regions of old mine workings increase the risk to building and transport safety. Geophysical surveys, particularly with the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR), can help to locate underground voids which migrate towards the surface before they transform into sinkholes.
The mining region in Upper Silesia, Poland was selected to test the method. The test was carried out on the profile at which sinkhole appeared few months after measurements. It can be assumed that the development of deformations in the ground was preceded by hydraulic and geomechanical processes, which directly caused this event. To identify the cause of the sinkhole formation exactly in this place in which it is located we carried out interpretation of GPR measurements through the calculation of GPR signals attributes such as instantaneous phase, instantaneous amplitude envelope, envelope derivative, envelope second derivative. The difference between two similar recorded data can be interpreted as a result of existence of hydraulic channels.
On reflection, it appears that GPR signals attributes can be an important tool not only in the location of a cavity voids, but also can help in understanding the mechanisms of formation of the sinkholes.
A novel single nucleotide polymorphism of the POU1F1 gene associated with meat quality traits in rabbits
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Guowu , Elzo Mauricio A. , Yan Linjun , Chen Shiyi , Jia Xianbo , Lai Songjia 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the POU1F1 gene on meat quality traits in the Hyla, Champagne, and Tianfu Black rabbit breeds. We detected one single nucleotide polymorphism and the SNP was located at 536 bp in intron 5 of this gene. Chi-square tests showed that the genotypic frequencies in the three rabbit populations were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The PIC values indicated that the three populations had intermediate levels of genetic diversity. Rabbits with the CC genotype had a significantly greater pH0h than those with the CT genotype in the biceps femoris muscle. The least squares means for cooking loss in CT and CC rabbits were significantly higher than those for TT rabbits. Rabbits with the CC genotype had a significantly higher intramuscular fat content in the longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscles than those with genotype TT and CT. Thus, the results here indicate that this POU1F1 SNP may be of potential use in marker assisted selection for meat quality traits in rabbits.
Effects of incorporating in diets cold-pressed rapeseed cake on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, and body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Jan , Andrzejewski Wojciech , Żołnierowicz Katarzyna M. , Przybylska Katarzyna , Golski Janusz , Graczyk Lilianna 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Alternative proteins from vegetal sources are being studied, because of the high costs and limited resources of fish meal. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of including cold-pressed rape cake (CPRC) as a partial protein substitute in diets for common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Common carp fry were stocked into experimental ponds at a density of 30 fish per pond. The effects on growth, feeding efficiency, and fish body composition were studied for four amounts of CPRC (0, 70, 130, 200 g × kg-1). Statistically significant higher final weights (528-530 g) were obtained with fish fed diets with 130 and 200 g × kg-1 CPRC. The fish growth rate was nearly identical in all variants (SGR of 3.3-3.4 % d-1). Similar results were presented in FCR at 1.3, and in PER at 2.2. Our results suggest that it is possible to include up to 200 g × kg-1 of CPRC in diets for two-year old common carp without significant effects on growth, nutritive efficiency, or the proximate composition of the fish.
Effect of Pavement Stiffness on the Shape of Deflection Bowl/ A pályaszerkezet merevségének hatása a behajlási teknő alakjára
Authors: Primusz Péter , Péterfalvi József , Markó Gergely , Tóth Csaba 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper introduces a new method for calculating the elastic moduli of pavement layers. The method requires only two input parameters: the thickness of the upper „bound” layer and the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) or Improved Benkelman Beam Apparatus (IBBA) measurement data. The authors developed a continuously differentiable regression function, which can be applied to describe the shape of the deflection bowl. Additional parameters of the deflection bowl (e.g. radius of curvature, position of inflexion point) can be calculated based on the regression function. FWD measurements were simulated running the BISAR (Bitumen Stress Analysis in Roads) software on different pavement variations. Outputs of the simulations were further processed with self-developed software. As a result, a series of diagrams were elaborated, by which the elastic moduli of the pavement layers can be determined.
Modelling of the 1D Convective Heat Exchange between Logs Subjected to Freezing and to Subsequent Defrosting and the Surrounding Environment/ Egydimenziós konvektív hővezetés modellezése fagyott és normál állapotú rönk és környezte között
Authors: Deliiski Nencho , Brezin Veselin , Tumbarkova Natalia 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A 1D mathematical model for the computation of the temperature on the surface of cylindrical logs, tsr, and the non-stationary temperature distribution along the radiuses of logs subjected to freezing and subsequent defrosting at convective exponentially changing boundary conditions has been suggested. The model includes mathematical descriptions of the thermal conductivity in radial direction, λr, the effective specific heat capacity, ce, and the density, ρ, of the non-frozen and frozen wood, and also of the heat transfer coefficient between the surrounding air environment and the radial direction of horizontally situated logs, αr. With the help of the model, computations have been carried out for the determination of αr, tsr, λsr, and 1D temperature distribution along the radiuses of beech logs with diameters of 0.24 m, initial temperature 20 °C, and moisture content 0.4 kg·kg-1, 0.8 kg·kg-1, and 1.2 kg·kg-1, during their freezing at -20 °C, and during subsequent thawing at 20 °C.
Differences in development levels of urban gminas in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship in view of the main components of sustainable development
Authors: Pawlewicz Katarzyna 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate various components of sustainable development (social, spatial-environmental, economic) in urban gminas (administrative region of the 3rd order in Poland) of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship (administrative region of the 1st order in Poland). The results were used to rank the analyzed gminas in terms of their sustainable development levels. The analysis was performed with the use of Hellwig’s composite measure of development. The results were used to determine the overall value of the composite measure, calculated as the median of composite measures for each of the three components of sustainable development. The above approach was used to rank gminas in view of their sustainable development levels.
Data for the analysis was supplied by the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office and the Local Government Analysis System for 2010 covering 16 gminas in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship. The results of the analysis point to variations in the value of the main components of sustainable development in the evaluated urban gminas in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship.
Diatom composition of the rheoplankton in a rhithral river system
Authors: Bolgovics Ágnes , Ács Éva , Várbíró Gábor , Kiss Keve Tihamér , Lukács Balázs A. , Borics Gábor 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Diatom composition of the rheoplankton (phytoplankton) in the Sajó-Hernád river system (Slovakia and Hungary) was studied. Forty two sample sites were designated on the watershed from source to mouth of the two rivers and their tributaries. Samples were taken in July 2012. Altogether, 258 diatom taxa were identified. The microflora was dominated by tychoplanktonic elements. According to the relative abundance of the occurring taxa, four groups could be distinguished. Differentiation of these groups was confirmed by differences in the habitat characteristics, viz. altitude, width of watercourse, macrophyte coverage and river bed material. Diversity of diatom taxa in the phytoplankton was also studied. A positive relationship was found between the macrophyte coverage and the Simpson and the Shannon indices. In contrast, a negative relationship was shown between the macrophyte coverage and Berger-Parker diversity, in which metric the role of the dominant taxa is emphasized. Although the phytoplankton in rhithral rivers is influenced by stochastic events, our results reveal that geographical and hydromorphological characteristics of the rivers and coverage of macrophytes can also play role in shaping the composition and diversity of the phytoplankton.