bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungal diversity, incidence and mycotoxin contamination in grapes from two agro‐climatic Spanish regions with emphasis on Aspergillus species
Authors: García‐Cela Esther , Crespo‐Sempere Ana , Gil‐Serna Jessica , Porqueres Aleix , Marin Sonia 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDFourteen vineyards from two different agro‐climatic regions in Spain were sampled in two consecutive years in order to determinate the grape mycobiota and diversity indexes with the final aim to define the potential mycotoxigenic species from both regions and their relationship.RESULTSThe most common fungal genera encountered were Aspergillus (30.0%), Alternaria (53.2%), Cladosporium (11.9%) and Penicillium (2.9%). Black aspergilli presence in the hotter region (south) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the northeast in both years. Among black aspergilli, A. tubingensis seemed to be the better adapted species to environmental conditions, while A. carbonarius was the main potentially ochratoxigenic species in both regions and years, owing to the most relevant percentage of ochratoxigenic isolates. Ochratoxin A (OTA)‐positive musts were only detected from southern vineyards, although contamination was always lower than 0.1 µg L−1. Finally, none of black aspergilli tested produced fumonisins (FBs) on Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA), while 63% of A. niger tested produced FB2 when inoculated on CYA20S, reaching 100% of isolates from the south.CONCLUSIONClimate change scenarios in southern Europe point to an increase in temperature and drought. This could promote particularly adapted species such as A. niger, decreasing OTA risk, but this could lead to an increase in FB2 presence. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Prevalence of sinonasal disease in children with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Pipolo Carlotta , Turati Federica , Cressoni Paolo , Farronato Giampietro , Angiero Francesca , Garagiola Umberto , Di Pasquale Daniele , Saibene Alberto M. , Lenzi Riccardo , Felisati Giovanni 
Published: August 2014

Objectives/HypothesisJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children and is caused by a multitude of well‐studied disorders. However, the association between JIA and/or its treatment and sinonasal inflammatory disease (SNID) has never been studied. We therefore investigated this relationship to gain more insight into burdening pathologies connected to JIA.Study DesignRetrospective evaluation.MethodsA retrospective evaluation according to the Lund‐Mackay score of cone‐beam computed tomography scans (CBCT) performed in 70 children affected by JIA and compared to CBCT scans of 124 healthy controls was conducted. The prevalence of sinonasal opacification and adenoid hypertrophy in patients affected with JIA was compared with findings obtained in unaffected children.ResultsJIA was significantly associated with SNID (P = .030). Of patients with JIA, 18.6% had SNID, whereas in children without JIA, only 8.1% had SNID. The odds ratio values were 5.38 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.90‐15.26) for treated and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.18‐4.83) for untreated JIA. No clear difference was found depending on the duration of JIA. No association was found between adenoid hypertrophy and SNID (P = .816).ConclusionsOur data suggest that JIA patients, especially when undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, should be subjected to an ear, nose, and throat evaluation. A prospective study including clinical evaluation would be of the utmost importance to provide evidence on which to base comprehensive healthcare for these patients.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 125:291–295, 2015
Etiopathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma: Prominent theories and recent advances in biomolecular research
Authors: Kuo Chin‐Lung 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo review recent biomolecular advances in etiopathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma.Data SourcesMEDLINE via OVID (to March 2014) and PubMed (to March 2014).Review MethodsAll articles referring to etiopathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma were identified in the above databases, from which 89 articles were included in this review.ResultsThe mechanisms underlying the etiopathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma remain a subject of competing hypotheses. Four theories dominate the debate, including theories of invagination, immigration, squamous metaplasia, and basal cell hyperplasia. However, no single theory has been able to explain the clinical characteristics of all cholesteatoma types: uncoordinated hyperproliferation, invasion, migration, altered differentiation, aggressiveness, and recidivism. Modern technologies have prompted a number of researchers to seek explanations at the molecular level. First, cholesteatomas could be considered an example of uncontrolled cell growth, capable of altering the balance toward cellular hyperproliferation and enhancing the capacity for invasion and osteolysis. Second, the dysregulation of cell growth control involves internal genomic or epigenetic alterations and external stimuli, which induce excessive host immune response to inflammatory and infectious processes. This comprises several complex and dynamic pathophysiologic changes that involve extracellular and intracellular signal transduction cascades.ConclusionsThis article summarizes the existing theories and provides conceptual insights into the etiopathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma, with the aim of stimulating continued efforts to develop a nonsurgical means of treating the disorder. Laryngoscope, 125:234–240, 2015
Positively Charged Thermoresponsive Nanogels for Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Molina Maria , Giulbudagian Michael , Calderón Marcelo 
Published: August 2014

Thermoresponsive nanogels (NGs) are often used as smart nanocarriers for delivering bioactive molecules. Copolymerization of monomers with different functionalities is a well‐known technique that enables the tuning of their properties. Here, the synthesis of positively charged thermoresponsive NGs is reported, based on (N‐isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAM) as a thermoresponsive monomer, 2‐dimethyl(aminoethyl) methacrylate (DMAEM) as a charged comonomer, and dendritic acrylated polyglycerol (dPG) as a macro‐crosslinker. The NGs are characterized in terms of size, Z potential, and transition temperature. In order to evaluate its potential for anticancer therapy, the encapsulation and release of anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin (DOXO) and methotrexate (MTX) are tested. A high drug loading capacity and release rate make these NGs promising nanocarriers for biomedical applications.
image
Monitoring, analysis, and correction of magnetic field fluctuations in echo planar imaging time series
Authors: Kasper Lars , Bollmann Saskia , Vannesjo S. Johanna , Gross Simon , Haeberlin Maximilian , Dietrich Benjamin E. , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: August 2014

PurposeTo assess the utility of concurrent magnetic field monitoring for observing and correcting for variations in k‐space trajectories and global background fields that occur in single‐shot echo planar imaging (EPI) time series as typically used in functional MRI (fMRI).MethodsField monitoring was performed using an array of NMR field probes operated concurrently with series of single‐shot EPI acquisitions from a static phantom. The observed fluctuations in field evolution were analyzed in terms of their temporal and spatial behavior at the field level as well as at the level of reconstructed image series. The potential to correct for such fluctuations was assessed by accounting for them upon image reconstruction. An indication of the number and relative magnitude of underlying effects was obtained via principal component analysis.ResultsTrajectory and global field variations were found to induce substantial image fluctuations. Global field fluctuations induced standard deviations in image intensity up to 31%. Fluctuations in the trajectory induced ghosting artifacts with standard deviations up to 2%. Concurrent magnetic field monitoring reduced the fluctuations in the EPI time series to a maximum of 1.2%.ConclusionConcurrent magnetic field monitoring holds the potential to improve the net sensitivity of fMRI by reducing signal fluctuations unrelated to brain activity. Magn Reson Med 74:396–409, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Effectiveness of Profile Monitoring to Enhance Functional Performance of Particleboards
Authors: Colosimo Bianca M. , Meneses Marcela , Semeraro Quirico 
Published: August 2014

This paper explores connection between profile monitoring and functional performance of manufactured products. In particular, the empirical relationship between the vertical density profile of the particleboards and their functional performances (the internal bond and the surface soundness) is studied. Results based on a real case study showed that the profile shape clearly affects the final performance of the panel, and thus profile monitoring is really worth to keep the final quality of the product at its target level.This result motivates the second objective of the paper, which consists of comparing performance of two (parametric and nonparametric) approaches for vertical density profile monitoring. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Pathologic Correlation Between Liver and Portal Vein Invasion in Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Evaluating the Oncologic Rationale for the American Joint Committee on Cancer Definitions of T2 and T3 Tumors
Authors: Ito Takaaki , Ebata Tomoki , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Igami Tsuyoshi , Sugawara Gen , Mizuno Takashi , Shimoyama Yoshie , Nagino Masato 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) has recommended that cancers with liver involvement be graded T2b and those with portal vein involvement be graded T3, although the value of staging as prognostic factors remains unclear. We evaluated the current definition of the T2/3 tumors for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsA total of 202 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent hepatectomy without vascular resection were enrolled. Clinicopathologic data about invasion of the liver and the unilateral portal vein were evaluated.ResultsThe liver and the unilateral portal vein were involved in 100 (49.5 %) and 38 (18.8 %) patients, respectively. The survival rates were not significantly different between patients with and without liver invasion (48.6 vs. 52.2 %, respectively, at 5 years, P = 0.157) and between patients with or without unilateral portal vein invasion (43.2 vs. 52.1 %, respectively, at 5 years, P = 0.363). The survival rate of patients with tumors staged pT2b was not significantly different from the rate of patients with pT2a (63.4 vs. 55.6 % at 5 years, P = 0.912), and the pT2b tumor patient survival rate was better than the rate of patients with pT3 (34.9 % at 5 years, P = 0.011). Using multivariate analysis, nodal metastasis (P = 0.003), positive surgical margin (P = 0.010), and Bismuth type IV tumor (P = 0.039) were identified as independent prognostic factors.ConclusionsThe liver and the unilateral portal vein are frequently involved in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. The determinants of the current AJCC T2/3 tumor classifications are rational; however, subdivision of T2 tumors may be of less clinical value.
Stochastic Population Forecasting Based on Combinations of Expert Evaluations Within the Bayesian Paradigm
Authors: Billari Francesco C. , Graziani Rebecca , Melilli Eugenio 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article suggests a procedure to derive stochastic population forecasts adopting an expert-based approach. As in previous work by Billari et al. (2012), experts are required to provide evaluations, in the form of conditional and unconditional scenarios, on summary indicators of the demographic components determining the population evolution: that is, fertility, mortality, and migration. Here, two main purposes are pursued. First, the demographic components are allowed to have some kind of dependence. Second, as a result of the existence of a body of shared information, possible correlations among experts are taken into account. In both cases, the dependence structure is not imposed by the researcher but rather is indirectly derived through the scenarios elicited from the experts. To address these issues, the method is based on a mixture model, within the so-called Supra-Bayesian approach, according to which expert evaluations are treated as data. The derived posterior distribution for the demographic indicators of interest is used as forecasting distribution, and a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is designed to approximate this posterior. This article provides the questionnaire designed by the authors to collect expert opinions. Finally, an application to the forecast of the Italian population from 2010 to 2065 is proposed.
Stromal tumor presents as a large extragastrointestinal mass in the abdominal cavity
Authors: Chou Chung‐Kai , Hsu Chia‐Yang , Chan Che‐Chang , Fen‐Yau Li Anna , Lin Han‐Chieh 
Published: August 2014

SummaryGastrointestinal stromal tumors are nonepithelial neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and have been increasingly recognized in recent years. In contrast, stromal tumor outside the gastrointestinal tract is not frequently found. Here, we present a 57‐year‐old male patient who had abdominal fullness for several months. It was caused by a 23‐cm heterogeneous tumor mass that was successfully removed from the left upper abdominal cavity. The tumor adhered tightly to adjacent organs but postoperative histopathological analysis revealed no direct connection to the stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, or kidneys. Immunohistochemical examination of the tumor revealed proliferative spindle‐shaped cells stained positive for CD117 and CD34 and negative for smooth muscle actin and S‐100. The patient received regular follow up. A suspected recurrent liver metastatic lesion was noted 2 years later and radiofrequency ablation of the liver tumor was performed followed by oral imatinib treatment. No tumor recurrence was detected at 3 years after radiofrequency ablation. This case reminds us that extragastrointestinal stromal tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a large heterogeneous mass is present in the abdominal cavity. The characteristics of extragastrointestinal stromal tumor are described and the literature is reviewed in this report.
Forcing of a bottom-mounted circular cylinder by steep regular water waves at finite depth
Authors: Paulsen Bo T. , Bredmose H. , Bingham H. B. , Jacobsen N. G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractForcing by steep regular water waves on a vertical circular cylinder at finite depth was investigated numerically by solving the two-phase incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Consistently with potential flow theory, boundary layer effects were neglected at the sea bed and at the cylinder surface, but the strong nonlinear motion of the free surface was included. The numerical model was verified and validated by grid convergence and by comparison to relevant experimental measurements. First-order convergence towards an analytical solution was demonstrated and an excellent agreement with the experimental data was found. Time-domain computations of the normalized inline force history on the cylinder were analysed as a function of dimensionless wave height, water depth and wavelength. Here the dependence on depth was weak, while an increase in wavelength or wave height both lead to the formation of secondary load cycles. Special attention was paid to this secondary load cycle and the flow features that cause it. By visual observation and a simplified analytical model it was shown that the secondary load cycle was caused by the strong nonlinear motion of the free surface which drives a return flow at the back of the cylinder following the passage of the wave crest. The numerical computations were further analysed in the frequency domain. For a representative example, the secondary load cycle was found to be associated with frequencies above the fifth- and sixth-harmonic force component. For the third-harmonic force, a good agreement with the perturbation theories of Faltinsen, Newman & Vinje (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 289, 1995, pp. 179–198) and Malenica & Molin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 302, 1995, pp. 203–229) was found. It was shown that the third-harmonic forces were estimated well by a Morison force formulation in deep water but start to deviate at decreasing depth.
Two-vortex equilibrium in the flow past a flat plate at incidence
Authors: Zannetti Luca , Gourjii Alexandre 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe two-dimensional inviscid incompressible steady flow past an inclined flat plate is considered. A locus of asymmetric equilibrium configurations for vortex pairs is detected. It is shown that the flat geometry has peculiar properties compared to other geometries: (i) in order to satisfy the Kutta condition at both edges, which ensures flow regularity, the total circulation and the force acting on the plate must be zero; and (ii) the Kutta condition and the free vortex equilibrium conditions are not independent of each other. The non-existence of symmetric equilibrium configurations for an orthogonal plate is extended to more general asymmetric flows.
Entrainment in plane turbulent pure plumes
Authors: Paillat S. , Kaminski E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTurbulent jets and plumes are commonly encountered in industrial and natural environments; they are, for example, key processes during explosive eruptions. They have been the objects of seminal works on turbulent free shear flows. Their dynamics is often described with the concept of the so-called entrainment coefficient, $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\alpha $, which quantifies entrainment of ambient fluid into the turbulent flow. This key parameter is well characterized for axisymmetric jets and plumes, but data are scarcer for turbulent planar plumes and jets. The data tend to show that the Gaussian entrainment coefficient in plane pure plumes is about twice the value for plane pure jets. In order to confirm and to explain this difference, we develop a model of entrainment in turbulent plane jets and plumes taking into account the effect of buoyancy on entrainment, as a function of the shape of the velocity, buoyancy and turbulent shear stress profiles. We perform new experiments to better characterize the rate of entrainment in plane pure plumes and to constrain the values of the model parameters. Comparison between theory and experiments shows that the enhancement of entrainment in plane turbulent pure plumes relative to plane turbulent pure jets is well explained by the contribution of buoyancy.
Addendum to ‘Coherent Lagrangian vortices: the black holes of turbulence’
Authors: Haller G. , Beron-Vera F. J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn Haller & Beron-Vera (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 731, 2013, R4) we developed a variational principle for the detection of coherent Lagrangian vortex boundaries. The solutions of this variational principle turn out to be closed null geodesics of the Lorentzian metric induced by a generalized Green–Lagrange strain tensor family. This metric interpretation implies a mathematical analogy between coherent Lagrangian vortex boundaries and photon spheres in general relativity. Here, we give an improved discussion of this analogy.
Low-dimensional dynamics of a turbulent axisymmetric wake
Authors: Rigas G. , Oxlade A. R. , Morgans A. S. , Morrison J. F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe coherent structures of a turbulent wake generated behind a bluff three-dimensional axisymmetric body are investigated experimentally at a diameter-based Reynolds number of $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}{\sim }2\times 10^5$. Proper orthogonal decomposition of base pressure measurements indicates that the most energetic coherent structures retain the structure of the symmetry-breaking laminar instabilities and are manifested as unsteady vortex shedding with azimuthal wavenumber $m={\pm }1$. In a rotating reference frame, the shedding preserves the reflectional symmetry and is linked with a reflectionally symmetric mean pressure distribution on the base. Due to a slow rotation of the symmetry plane of the turbulent wake around the axis of the body, statistical axisymmetry is recovered in the time average. The ratio of the time scales associated with the slow rotation of the symmetry plane and the vortex shedding is of order 100.
Dietary supplementation of propionylated starch to domestic cats provides propionic acid as gluconeogenic substrate potentially sparing the amino acid valine
Authors: Rochus Kristel , Cools An , Janssens Geert P. J. , Vanhaecke Lynn , Wuyts Birgitte , Lockett Trevor , Clarke Julie M. , Fievez Veerle , Hesta Myriam 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn strict carnivorous domestic cats, a metabolic competition arises between the need to use amino acids for gluconeogenesis and for protein synthesis both in health and disease. The present study investigated the amino acid-sparing potential of propionic acid in cats using dietary propionylated starch (HAMSP) supplementation. A total of thirty cats were fed a homemade diet, supplemented with either HAMSP, acetylated starch (HAMSA) or celite (Control) for three adaptation weeks. Propionylated starch was hypothesised to provide propionic acid as an alternative gluconeogenic substrate to amino acids, whereas acetic acid from HAMSA would not provide any gluconeogenic benefit. Post-adaptation, a 5-d total faecal collection was carried out to calculate apparent protein digestibility coefficients. Fresh faecal and blood samples were collected to analyse fermentation endproducts and metabolites. The apparent protein digestibility coefficients did not differ between supplements (P = 0·372) and were not affected by the protein intake level (P = 0·808). Faecal propionic acid concentrations were higher in HAMSP than in HAMSA (P = 0·018) and Control (P = 0·003) groups, whereas concentrations of ammonia (P = 0·007) were higher in HAMSA than in HAMSP cats. Tendencies for or higher propionylcarnitine concentrations were observed in HAMSP compared with HAMSA (P = 0·090) and Control (P = 0·037) groups, and for tiglyl- + 3-methylcrotonylcarnitine concentrations in HAMSP as compared with Control (P = 0·028) cats. Methylmalonylcarnitine concentrations did not differ between groups (P = 0·740), but were negatively correlated with the protein intake level (r–0·459,P = 0·016). These results suggest that HAMSP cats showed more saccharolytic fermentation patterns than those supplemented with HAMSA, as well as signs of sparing of valine in cats with a sufficient protein intake.
FROM THE STRANGE DEATH TO THE ODD AFTERLIFE OF LUTHERAN ENGLAND
Authors: GEHRING DAVID SCOTT 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTResearch on the relationship between England and Protestant Germany during the sixteenth century has recently experienced a revival. A significant area of concentration for confessional interests among Lutherans a century ago, Anglo-German relations took a backseat in Reformation historiography during the twentieth century, but during the last decade or so a host of scholars in the UK, Germany, and USA have once again turned their attention to the topic. This review article surveys trends in scholarship on Reformation studies in both England and Germany before turning specifically to works considering instances of interaction, co-operation, and adaptation across the confessional and geographic divides. Gathering a considerable array of secondary materials, the article offers an overview of the merits and criticisms of previous analyses and concludes by pointing out a few areas for future inquiry.