bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of ecological aging on the mechanical performance of jute-banana fibre phenol-formaldehyde hybrid composites
Authors: B H Maruthi Prashanth , Gowda Shivakumar , Dutt K Mahesh , M Chalkapuri Ramesh , K Rajesh , B Prashanth , S Ramesh , Anne Gajanan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Natural fiber composites provide an environmentally favorable and sustainable alternative to traditional materials, greatly reducing environmental impact. Aging tests are required to evaluate the long-term mechanical performance and durability of these composites under varied situations, ensuring their dependability and safety over time. This study investigates the effects of ecological aging on jute-banana fiber reinforced phenol-formaldehyde (JBP-F) composites. The experiment involved fabricating JBP-F composites using jute and banana fibers with varying weight ratios (60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70) and subjecting them to various aging tests like long-time water resistance, accelerated water resistance, thermal aging, hydrothermal aging, soil burial test, and accelerated weathering test. The result showed that the composite with a 50:50 jute-banana fiber to resin ratio (JBP-F50) outperformed the other compositions examined in terms of aging resistance. This balanced ratio likely optimized fiber-matrix interaction, leading to superior strength and water resistance. Higher fiber content composites (like JBP-F60) absorbed more water due to weaker bonding, while lower fiber content (JBP-F30) suffered more in high temperatures. All composites experienced strength loss during thermal and hydrothermal aging due to heat and moisture cycles. JBP-F50 again showed the least degradation, possibly due to the resin’s ability to recover. In soil burial tests, biodegradation impacted strength, with higher fiber content composites (JBP-F60) degrading more. Finally, weathering tests revealed some surface deterioration due to UV radiation. However, the resin offered protection, with JBP-F30 (higher resin content) experiencing the most weight loss.JBP-F50, with its balanced fiber-resin ratio, demonstrated the best resistance to various environmental stresses, making it a promising option for sustainable composite applications.
Unlocking bioremediation potential: harnessing an indigenous bacterial consortium from effluent treatment plants for industrial wastewater treatment
Authors: Rai Ashita , Yadav Virendra Kumar , Ali Daoud , Fulekar M H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating advanced treatment technologies to meet discharge standards. This study focuses on the collection and characterisation of wastewater from CETP Vatva, Ahmedabad, to evaluate physicochemical parameters heavy metal concentrations, and identify indigenous bacterial species. Using Taguchi’s systematic orthogonal array, an effective indigenous bacterial consortium (EIBC) was created for bioreactor-based CETP wastewater treatment. The 16S rDNA analysis revealed the presence of various bacterial strains, including the newly reclassified bacteria Stutzerimonas stutzeri. The analysis of the SI sample indicated substantial reductions in the concentrations of total dissolved solids (1090 mg L−1), biological oxygen demand (28 mg l−1), chemical oxygen demand (180 mg l−1), and total phosphorus (1.4 mg l−1) compared to their initial values of 7504 mg l−1, 29 6 mg l−1, 58 8 mg l−1, and 3.04 mg l−1, respectively, with a similar trend observed in samples SII and SIII. While turbidity was significantly reduced from initial concentrations ranging between 36–42 NTU to 4 NTU in SI, 5 NTU in SII, and 3 NTU in SIII samples, resulting in clear water, odour remained a persistent concern throughout the study. Heavy metal concentrations were within permissible discharge limits, with notable removal rates for Cu, Fe, and Cd. The study concludes that integrating systematic design modelling with bioreactor-based remediation effectively mitigates water pollution and safeguards human well-being.
The adult large bowel: describing environment morphology for effective biomedical device development
Authors: Norton Joseph C , Martin James W , Winters Conchubhair , Scaglioni Bruno , Obstein Keith L , Subramanian Venkataraman , Valdastri Pietro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An understanding of the biological environment, and in particular the physical morphology, is crucial for those developing medical devices and software applications. It not only informs appropriate design inputs, but provides the opportunity to evaluate outputs via virtual or synthetic models before investing in costly clinical investigations. The large bowel is a pertinent example, having a major demand for effective technological solutions to clinical unmet needs. Despite numerous efforts in this area, there remains a paucity of accurate and reliable data in literature. This work reviews what is available, including both processed datasets and raw medical images, before providing a comprehensive quantitative description of the environment for biomedical engineers in this and related regions of the body. Computed tomography images from 75 patients, and a blend of different mathematical and computational methods, are used to calculate and define several crucial metrics, including: a typical adult size (abdominal girth) and abdominal shape, location (or depth) of the bowel inside the abdomen, large bowel length, lumen diameter, flexure number and characteristics, volume and anatomical tortuosity. These metrics are reviewed and defined by both gender and body posture, as well as—wherever possible—being spilt into the various anatomical regions of the large bowel. The resulting data can be used to describe a realistic ‘average’ adult large bowel environment and so drive both design specifications and high fidelity test environments.
Quantifying the impact of energy system model resolution on siting, cost, reliability, and emissions for electricity generation
Authors: Jacobson Anna F , Mauzerall Denise L , Jenkins Jesse D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Runtime and memory requirements for typical formulations of energy system models increase non-linearly with resolution, computationally constraining large-scale models despite state-of-the-art solvers and hardware. This scaling paradigm requires omission of detail which can affect key outputs to an unknown degree. Recent algorithmic innovations employing decomposition have enabled linear increases in runtime and memory use as temporal resolution increases. Newly tractable, higher resolution systems can be compared with lower resolution configurations commonly employed today in academic research and industry practice, providing a better understanding of the potential biases or inaccuracies introduced by these abstractions. We employ a state-of-the art electricity system planning model and new high-resolution systems to quantify the impact of varying degrees of spatial, temporal, and operational resolution on results salient to policymakers and planners. We find models with high spatial and temporal resolution result in more realistic siting decisions and improved emissions, reliability, and price outcomes. Errors are generally larger in systems with low spatial resolution, which omit key transmission constraints. We demonstrate that high temporal resolution cannot overcome biases introduced by low spatial resolution, and vice versa. While we see asymptotic improvements to total system cost and reliability with increased resolution, other salient outcomes such as siting accuracy and emissions exhibit continued improvement across the range of model resolutions considered. We conclude that modelers should carefully balance resolution on spatial, temporal, and operational dimensions and that novel computational methods enabling higher resolution modeling are valuable and can further improve the decision support provided by this class of models.
Parallel Masterpieces
Authors: Steenbakkers Piet 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Though Spinoza’s two masterpieces, the Ethics and the Tractatus theologico-politicus, were written for different audiences and for different purposes, they belong to one master plan—a coherent project of individual and collective liberation. This chapter develops two arguments. First it offers a detailed chronological reconstruction: Spinoza worked on the Ethics between 1662 and 1665 and again between 1669 and 1675; and on the TTP between 1665 and 1669. The second argument presents the hypothesis that the Ethics and the TTP are systematically coherent. This is set out by analysing a number of textual correspondences and divergences. Two cases are worked out in more detail: the notion of the model (exemplar) of a true life (identified with the free person in the Ethics and with God in the TTP); and the seeming tensions between God in the Ethics and the seven tenets of the universal faith in the TTP. The key is the definition of faith (TTP ch. 14).
Finding Oneself in God
Authors: Primus Kristin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that the cognition Spinoza calls “intuitive knowledge” (scientia intuitiva) is a confluence of two powerful intuitions, each of which can be understood as a Spinozistic version of a well-known Cartesian intuition. The first component intuition is an extension of Descartes’s Fifth Meditation ontological argument: that is, for Spinoza, given a clear and distinct idea of God, one does not just intuit, with the Cartesian Meditator, that God necessarily exists, but also that all of God’s effects are necessary, infinite, eternal modes, that perceived finite, enduring things and infinite, eternal modes are one and the same essences conceived in different ways, and that everything can be conceived under different attributes. The second component intuition modifies the Cartesian cogito, in which one proceeds directly from a first-personal experience of thinking to the knowledge that one exists as a thinking thing. For Spinoza, one can proceed from the first-personal experience of understanding the monist structure of reality (i.e. from the experience of having the first intuition) to the knowledge that one’s own mind, insofar as it understands, exists as an infinite, eternal mode in God. Scientia intuitiva is thus a metaphysically self-locating thought: one does not just understand a metaphysical structure—one has a first-personal understanding of oneself as within that structure. This interpretation helps clarify the different sorts of salvation Spinoza presents in the Ethics and TTP.
Concepts at the Interface
Authors: Shea Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Research on concepts has concentrated on the way people apply concepts online, when presented with a stimulus. Just as important, however, is the use of concepts offline, when planning what to do or thinking about what is the case. There is strong evidence that inferences driven by conceptual thought draw heavily on special-purpose resources: sensory, motoric, affective, and evaluative. At the same time, concepts afford general-purpose recombination and support domain-general reasoning processes—phenomena that have long been the focus of philosophers. There is a growing consensus that a theory of concepts must encompass both kinds of process. This book shows how concepts are able to act as an interface between general-purpose reasoning and special-purpose systems. Concept-driven thinking can take advantage of the complementary costs and benefits of each. The book lays out an empirically-based account of the different ways in which thinking with concepts takes us to new conclusions and underpins planning, decision-making, and action. It also spells out three useful implications of the account. First, it allows us to reconstruct the commonplace idea that thinking draws on the meaning of a concept. Second, it offers an insight into how human cognition avoids the frame problem and the complementary, less discussed, ‘if-then problem’ for nested processing dispositions. Third, it shows that metacognition can apply to concepts and concept-driven thinking in various ways. The framework developed in the book elucidates what it is that makes concept-driven thinking an especially powerful cognitive resource.
Informational Models
Authors: Shea Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the variety of ways that information can be represented in order to support planning, prospection, and inference—here referred to as ‘informational models’. It outlines several types, focusing on key features of representational structure and computational process. These include domain-specific perceptual and reinforcement learning systems; ‘model-based’ systems that rely on representing causal structure; structural representations in cognitive maps; relational reasoning with concepts; using one relation to stand for another; and conceptual models of domains like number, natural kinds, and causation. The informational models differ along various dimensions: organized vs. structural vs. conceptual representation; content-specific vs. content-general computations; local vs. non-local inferences; whether inferences are automatic or deliberative; and whether the model itself or just its outputs are relied on in deliberation. This diversity raises the important question of how conceptual thought can integrate with and rely on such heterogeneous informational models—answered in the next chapter.
Concepts as an Interface
Authors: Shea Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Concepts act as an interface between general-purpose conceptual thought and special-purpose informational models. A concept is a ‘plug-and-play’ device connecting deliberative thinking to simulations in sensory, motor, affective, and evaluative systems. Concept-driven thinking starts with a conceptually structured thought. This drives the construction of a ‘suppositional scenario’—an interconnected representation of a situation built up using special-purpose informational models. For example, thinking ‘will the chair fit in my car?’ prompts a mental simulation assessing spatial configurations. Conclusions are expressed back in conceptual thought. Concepts facilitate this as working memory labels that sustain and manipulate special-purpose representations, while also plugging into compositional structures in conceptual thought for content-general composition and reasoning. This gives concepts a crucial interfacing role. Evidence supports working memory labels providing such access, combination and control. This framework explains the power of human thought—flexibly combining concepts to construct integrated scenarios from which new conclusions can be drawn.
Metacognition
Authors: Shea Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that deliberative, concept-driven thinking incorporates metacognitive monitoring and control. First, thinkers have an appreciation of the reliability of concepts for categorization and inference. Second, conclusions reached through inference elicit an epistemic feeling of rightness that reflects the plausibility of the conclusion. Inference patterns themselves likely attract feelings of reliability that constitute a phenomenological and epistemic guide for the thinker. Third, the integrated collection of representations constructed in the ‘cognitive playground’ during deliberation is plausibly monitored for coherence, affecting the thinker’s confidence. Together, these forms of metacognitive appraisal enable the thinker to appreciate what is going on in concept-involving thinking. This appreciation is part of what makes deliberation a cognitive process attributable to the person. The chapter elaborates this idea and shows how it is supported by philosophical arguments and psychological evidence.
Concluding Thoughts
Authors: Shea Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarises the book’s key arguments about the nature of concepts and their role in human cognition. It emphasises that concepts act as an interface between domain-general, logical reasoning and content-specific computations in special-purpose systems. Conceptual thought orchestrates inferences across these systems to construct rich, multi-modal and amodal informational models. Deliberation involves manipulating these models to anticipate outcomes and make choices, going beyond merely reacting to stimuli. Concepts enable flexible recombination of representations while retaining connections to experience-based knowledge. This hybrid system allows humans to engage in sophisticated planning and inference. The power of human cognition emerges from the interaction between conceptual thought and special-purpose systems. Concepts are central to unlocking the special power of human cognition.
Expansion and Restriction: Divergent Paths Towards Modernizing Family Laws in Japan and China, 1868–1930
Authors: Xiao Weilin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Before their encounters with Western powers in the nineteenth century, Chinese and Japanese societies were deeply embedded in traditional family systems that formed the backbone of their social structures. However, with the onset of legal modernization, these nations adopted nearly diametrically opposed strategies for reforming their customary family laws. Primarily, Japanese legal reformers under the Meiji regime bolstered the family’s authority and emphasized its political role. In stark contrast, the Chinese legal reformers during the late Qing and Republican periods curtailed family authority and diminished its significance. While the modernization of family laws in Japan and China has been the subject of scholarly research, the differences between the two countries and the reasons behind their distinct approaches have not been adequately explored. This Article seeks to fill this gap.
Through a comparative analysis of the legislative histories of both countries, this Article argues that their divergent paths stemmed from differences in the historical functions of family systems and the modern political contexts encountered by legal reformers during the period of legal modernization. In Japan, the family system was historically politically connected with the state, and the Meiji regime solidified its control over this system through modern codification efforts. Consequently, Meiji political elites saw the integration of the populace into the new absolutist imperial regime as advantageous, leveraging the political loyalty of families to achieve this. In contrast, the Chinese family system had become politically disconnected from the state by the late imperial era. In the aftermath of the Republican Revolution, the Guomindang regime navigated a landscape of rival political forces that significantly challenged its authority. Political elites aimed to dismantle customary family laws to weaken the traditional family system, which they viewed as a threat to governmental centralization and societal unity. They also sought to project a modern, liberal image to garner wider political support.
Prognostic significance of invasive cribriform gland size and percentage in Gleason score 7 prostate adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tekin Emel , Şeker Nazlı Sena , Özen Ata , Açıkalın Mustafa Fuat , Can Cavit , Çolak Ertuğrul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Cribriform glands are linked to poorer outcomes in prostate adenocarcinoma. We aimed to assess the prognostic role of the percentage of cribriform glands and the size of the largest invasive cribriform gland in Gleason score 7 prostate adenocarcinomas.

Methods
The presence, percentage, and size of the invasive cribriform glands were investigated and their association with prognostic factors were assessed in 177 Grade Groups 2 and 3 prostate adenocarcinomas.

Results
Biochemical recurrence-free survival was statistically significantly lower in cases with a cribriform gland percentage greater than 10% (P &lt; .001) and in cases where the largest invasive cribriform gland size was greater than 0.5 mm (P &lt; .001). Mean largest cribriform gland size and percentage were statistically significant associated with more advanced pT status, lymph node metastasis, biochemical recurrence, and higher preoperative prostate-specific antigen values.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the presence of a cribriform pattern, increases in the percentage of such patterns, and increases in the size of the largest cribriform gland within a given tumor are associated with poor prognosis. We suggest that a more aggressive clinical approach may be needed in Grade Group 2 and 3 cases with invasive cribriform glands larger than 0.5 mm and a cribriform gland percentage greater than 10%, especially in prostate needle biopsy specimens.
A data harmonization project of 3 large prospective cardiovascular health-focused cohorts
Authors: Scarpaci Matthew M , Park Jee Won , Dionne Laura , Needham Belinda L , Sims Mario , Kanaya Alka M , Kandula Namratha R , Fava Joseph L , Eaton Charles B , Howe Chanelle J , Dulin Akilah J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Few prospective studies examine multilevel resilience resources and psychosocial factors in relation to cardiovascular health and disease. Recent research indicates that resilience resources are associated with a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease-related events, but few studies have examined this relationship across different racial/ethnic populations or in large cohorts. Harmonization may address these limitations because it allows data from several cohorts to be analyzed together, potentially increasing sample size and in turn power overall and in minority populations. This article describes the process involved in combining 3 cardiovascular health-focused cohorts: Jackson Heart Study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Study. Using a systematic process, we identified appropriate data harmonization techniques to use in harmonizing variables across cohorts. Variables included exposures (eg, resilience resources), outcomes (eg, American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7), and covariates (eg, race and ethnicity). Post-harmonization examinations included psychometric analyses of the harmonized variables. A total of 13 284 participants were included in the final harmonized data set. This project provides opportunities for future research in resilience resources and informs future studies that need to harmonize data. Results based on the harmonized data set could inform interventions and policies.