bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ketogenic diet has the potential to decrease all-cause mortality without a concomitant increase in cardiovascular-related mortality
Authors: Qu Xiaolong , Huang Lei , Long Jiacheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The impact of the ketogenic diet (KD) on overall mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality remains inconclusive..This study enrolled a total of 43,776 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2001 and 2018 to investigate the potential association between dietary ketogenic ratio (DKR) and both all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular disease(CVD) mortality.Three models were established, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was employed to examine the correlation. Furthermore, a restricted cubic spline function was utilized to assess the non-linear relationship. In addition, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed.In the adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model, a significant inverse association was observed between DKR and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.63–0.9, P = 0.003). However, no significant association with cardiovascular mortality was found (HR = 1.13; CI = 0.79–1.6; P = 0.504). Additionally, a restricted cubic spline(RCS) analysis demonstrated a linear relationship between DKR and all-cause mortality risk. In the adult population of the United States, adherence to a KD exhibits potential in reducing all-cause mortality risk while not posing an increased threat of CVD-related fatalities.
Novel spectroscopy method to reveal optimal culture conditions in Escherichia coli fermenter
Authors: Wu Huakun , Chen Jingru , Zheng Jia , Shao Jie , Yu Meifang , Liu Wen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Fermentation engineering has played a pivotal role in modern industry for mass-producing chemicals, food additives, and medicines, with optimal culture conditions crucial for maximizing microbial growth and metabolite production. Thus, bacteria growth monitoring was crucial in fermentation processes, with current methods falling into two categories: off-line sampling and in-situ on-line monitoring. While off-line methods suffered from discrete monitoring points and potential pollution, current on-line methods faced limitations including an inability to distinguish living from dead cells and impurities and a lack of direct representation of metabolism. Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, which closely correlated with chemical synthesis, could be measured with high sensitivity with Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology, enabling non-invasive, high-sensitivity detection of CO2 concentrations in microbial fermentation, offering a powerful tool for optimizing conditions and enhancing production efficiency. This study presented a novel approach to reveal the optimal culture conditions for Escherichia coli (E. coli) fermentation. Through the implementation of a custom metabolism monitoring system based on TDLAS technology in a simulated fermenter, alongside varied pH and temperature settings, we elucidated the influence of these factors on E. coli metabolism curves and calculated the growth rates via threshold times, identifying 38°C as the optimal temperature and pH 7.5 as the optimal pH. Integration of this spectroscopy method into fermenters held promise for enhanced in situ online real-time monitoring of metabolism in future fermentations.
Eco-efficient recycling of engineering muck for manufacturing low-carbon geopolymers assessed through LCA: Exploring the impact of synthesis parameters of the performance
Authors: Yuan Bingxiang , Liang Jingkang , Huang Xianlun , Huang Qingyu , Zhang Baifa , Yang Guanghua , Wang Yonghong , Yuan Junhong , Wang Hongyu , Yuan Peng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The construction industry's excessive reliance on cement has led to significant environmental concerns. With the push towards global low-carbon and sustainable development goals, there is an urgent need to find building materials that can replace cement. In this study, engineering muck (EM) produced by foundation pit engineering in subtropical area was used as raw material. The properties of EM were activated by pre-treatment methods to prepare low-carbon geopolymers. This study investigated the effects of synthesis parameters (SiO2/Na2O ratio and liquid-solid ratio) on the performance of the alkaline activated EM-based geopolymers. The results showed that the geopolymer with a SiO2/Na2O ratio of 1.5 achieved the highest compressive strength of 40 MPa in 7 days, exhibiting the densest structure and fewest cracks. In addition to also having the smallest pore sizes and highest thermal stability, indicating optimal pore structure for minimizing evaporation. This study showed that increasing the liquid-solid ratio refined the pore structure, but increased carbonate formation and mass loss at elevated temperatures. Moreover, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to compare the cradle-to-gate environmental impacts of the EM-based geopolymers and cement concretes, including global warming and acidification. The LCA demonstrated the CO2 and SO2 emissions of EM-based geopolymers were reduced by 4–26% and 8–19%, respectively, compared to concrete. This study suggests the use of alkaline activation technology to transform the EM into the geopolymers should be expected to become a substitute for concrete, providing a new type of green building material for the geotechnical engineering.
Use of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris (thyme) and its nanoemulsion as an anesthetic during the cultivation of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum): Anesthesia induction and recovery curve, physiology, performance and feed consumption
Authors: Boaventura Túlio Pacheco , Oliveira Camila Gomes , Santos Fábio Aremil Costa , Silva Nárcia Carolina Santos , Oliveira Juliano Elvis , Luz Ronald Kennedy , Correia Ricardo , Silva Sidney , Souza Ándre , Ananias Imaculada 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The thymol chemotype of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris (EOTV-T) and its nanoemulsion (NEOTV-T) were investigated as anesthetics in the management of Colossoma macropomum. The stability of nanoemulsions was analyzed by zeta potential and dynamic light scattering for an interval of 37 days prior to carrying out two anesthesia experiments. The first experiment determined anesthesia induction and recovery intervals for juveniles anesthetized with different concentrations of EOTV-T and NEOTV-T. Based on the obtained induction and recovery curve, the second experiment adopted concentrations of 75 mg/L of EOTV-T and 50 mg/L of NEOTV-T for use during biometric management every 10 days for 60 days of cultivation of juvenile C. macropomum. The results showed that NEOTV-T had an average diameter of less than 100 nm for up to 22 days and was more effective at inducing anesthesia than EOTV-T. The continuous use of anesthetics during biometrics did not affect juvenile performance in terms of growth, feed consumption and survival. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in hematological and biochemical parameters between juveniles of the control treatment and those subjected to biometric management using 75 mg/L of EOTV-T and 50 mg/L of NEOTV-T. It can be concluded that the essential oil of T. vulgaris and its nanoemulsion can be used to facilitate the management of juvenile C. macropomum without compromising their performance or well-being. More studies need to be carried out to improve the stability of nanoemulsions of the essential oil of T. vulgaris and to evaluate their effects on acute stress.
Low-velocity impact performance of 3-D woven composite tubes with different structure
Authors: Gong Xiaozhou , Song Yao , Chai Ying , Wang Jiaxuan , Liu Yang , Ouyang Yiwei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Three-dimensional woven tubular composites (3DWTC) exhibit superior strength and stiffness in the thickness direction, exceptional structural integrity, and interlaminar shear resistance. These properties make them promising candidates for widespread application in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, fuel transport, and various other industries. In this study, three different types of 3DWTCs were fabricated by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process using basalt fiber bundles as reinforcement materials. Low-velocity impact tests were conducted with varying impact energies, and the progression of initial damage stress as well as the ultimate damage process were analyzed utilizing a high-speed camera and three-dimensional optical microscopy. The findings of the study indicate that the shallow cross-linked (SCL) structure demonstrates the greatest impact resistance, followed by the shallow-crossed curved joint (SCCL) structure, whereas the through orthogonal (TO) structure exhibits the least impact resistance.
Incidence of Reoperation in Patients with History of Arterial Switch Operation: A Single Institution Eighteen Years Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tabib Avisa , Meraji Mahmoud , Mahdavi Mohammad , Khorgami Mohammad Rafie , Hejri Golnar Mortaz , Banar Sepideh , Hajiesmail Golnaz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study
Background: The arterial switch operation (ASO) has been the preferred surgical method for TGA since its introduction over 40 years ago. Although initial survival rates have improved significantly, long-term complications often require reoperation.
Methods: Medical records of 302 patients with TGA who underwent ASO between 2004 and 2022 were reviewed. Data on demographic and morphological characteristics, surgical reports, and follow-up interventions were collected. Reoperation data, including surgical and catheter-based interventions, were analyzed.
Results: Thirty-seven reoperations were performed on 31 patients, with a reoperation rate of 10.26%. Open surgical interventions included RVOTO relief (3.31%), neo-aortic root and valve surgery (0.66%), ascending aorta replacement (0.33%), VSD closure (0.33%), and pacemaker implantation (2.31%). Catheter-based interventions included balloon angioplasty (1.65%) and stent implantation (1.65%) for RVOTO, with additional procedures for aortic arch stenosis (0.66%) and coronary artery stenosis (0.33%). Residual shunts were treated in 0.99% of cases.
Conclusion: ASO significantly improves the prognosis for patients with TGA, though a notable proportion require reoperation due to complications such as RVOTO, neo-aortic valve dysfunction, and residual shunts. This study underscores the need for regular, long-term follow-up to promptly identify and manage post-operative complications.
The ABC transporter MsbA in a dozen environments
Authors: Moeller Arne , Hoffmann Lea , Baier Anika , Jorde Lara , Kamel Michael , Schäfer Jan-Hannes , Schnelle Kilian , Scholz Alischa , Shvarev Dmitry , Wong Jaslyn , Parey Kristian , Januliene Dovile 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

High-resolution structure determination of membrane proteins typically requires isolation from the native lipid bilayer and reconstitution into artificial membrane mimics. For this purpose, numerous detergents, amphipols, polymers and membrane scaffold proteins are available. The choice of the specific membrane substitute can strongly affect the protein’s specific activity, stability and conformational spectrum, potentially leading to errors or misinterpretation during analysis. The bacterial ATP-binding cassette transporter MsbA is a prominent example of such environment-specific bias, resulting in apparent conformational and activity responses.
Here, we present a systematic analysis of the conformational spectrum of MsbA, stabilized in a dozen environments, using cryo-EM. Our data show pronounced structural feedback of the ABC transporter to the respective membrane mimetics. Detergents generally favour a conformation with wide separation of the nucleotide-binding domains, while nanodiscs induce the narrow conformation. Notably, only three of the dozen tested environments allow MsbA to sample the functional conformational spectrum, enabling full movement of the nucleotide-binding domains between narrow and wide inward-facing conformations. We expect this study to serve as a blueprint for other membrane proteins, even where the structural reaction to the hydrophobic environment is not directly visible but still critical for the proteins’ function.
Cattle Cell Atlas: a multi-tissue single cell expression repository for advanced bovine genomics and comparative biology
Authors: Fang Lingzhao , Han Bo , Li Houcheng , Zhang Qi , Zheng Weijie , Chen Ao , Zhu Senlin , Shi Tao , Hou Yali , Wang Fei , Zou Dong , Song Yu , Ye Wen , Du Aixia , Fu Yihan , Jia Minghui , Bai Zhonghao , Yuan Zhixiang , Liu Wan-Sheng , Tao Wenbin , Hope Jayne , MacHugh David , O’Grady John , Madsen Ole , Sahana Goutam , Luo Yonglun , Lin Lin , Li Cong-jun , Cai Zexi , Li Bingjie , Liu Lin , Zhang Zhang , Ma Zhu , Liu George E. , Jiang Yu , Sun Hui-Zeng , Sun Dongxiao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Systematic characterization of the molecular states of cells in livestock tissues is essential for understanding cellular and genetic mechanisms underlying economically and ecologically important physiological traits. This knowledge contributes to the advancement of sustainable and precision agriculture-food systems. Here, as part of the Farm animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) project, we describe a comprehensive reference map comprising 1,793,854 cells from 59 bovine tissues, spanning both sexes and multiple developmental stages. This map, generated by single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing, identifies 131 distinct cell types, revealing intra- and inter-tissue cellular heterogeneity in gene expression, transcription factor regulation, and intercellular communication. Integrative analysis with genetic variants that underpin bovine monogenic and complex traits uncovers cell types of relevance, such as spermatocytes responsible for sperm motilities and excitatory neurons for milk fat yield. Comparative analysis reveals similarities in gene expression between cattle and humans at single-cell resolution, allowing for detection of relevant cell types for studying human complex phenotypes. This cattle cell atlas will serve as a key resource for cattle genetics and genomics, immunology, comparative biology, and ultimately human biomedicine.
Pulmonary Function Testing in Pediatric Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients to Monitor for Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gower William A , Tamae-Kakazu Maximiliano , Shanthikumar Shivanthan , Sriniva Saumini , Reardon Erin E , Barochia Amisha V , Charbek Edward , Calvo Charlotte , Cheng Pi Chun , Das Shailendra , Davies Stella M , Gross Jessica , Sheshadri Ajay , Towe Christoper T , Goldfarb Samuel B , Iyer Narayan P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) represents a significant source of morbidity and non-relapse mortality among children and young adults treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). Pulmonary function tests (PFT), pre and post aHSCT may allow for pre-symptomatic detection of BOS, and thus early intervention. Current guidelines and practice varies regarding which tests to perform, and timing relative to pediatric aHSCT. A systematic review evaluating PFT before and after pediatric aHSCT was performed to inform American Thoracic Society clinical practice guidelines on detection of BOS.Objective To determine the optimal approach to conducting PFT prior to and after pediatric aHSCT.Study Design: We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify studies of PFT in human aHSCT recipients under 25 years of age, in order to address two questions: (1) Should pre-transplant screening PFT be performed in pediatric patients who will undergo aHSCT? (2) At what frequency should pediatric patients who have had aHSCT undergo PFT? We searched in Medline through July 2022 for studies that enrolled patients < 25 years of age being treated with aHSCT for whom PFT data were reported before or after transplant.Results The 30 studies with pre-transplant PFT data showed a wide range of findings, with the majority demonstrating PFT abnormalities. In studies reporting respiratory symptoms, 85–100% of patients were asymptomatic. In the 21 studies reporting post-transplant PFT, 11 used a surveillance strategy where at least one test was performed in the first year post-transplant. Median time to BOS diagnosis was 6–12 months in the regular surveillance studies, and 6–24 months in the others. Forced expiratory volume in one second at the time of BOS diagnosis was 38–84% predicted in studies with regular surveillance versus 44–57% predicted in studies with no surveillance. In the surveillance group, BOS was identified in some patients who were asymptomatic.Conclusions PFT Abnormalities are common in children prior to aHSCT. Regular monitoring in the first 1–2 years post-aHSCT may improve early and/or pre-symptomatic identification of BOS, but significant limitations may still be seen at the time of diagnosis. Higher quality data are needed.
Southern Hemisphere Subtropical Front impacts on Southern African Hydroclimate and early Hominins Across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition
Authors: Rubbelke Claire , Bhattacharya Tripti , Farnsworth Alexander , Valdes Paul , McClymont Erin , Ford Heather 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The surface waters around Southern Africa (SA) are a confluence of the Benguela Upwelling System (BUS), the Agulhas System, and the Antarctic Circumpolar frontal system. The Subtropical Front (STF) is largely considered the boundary between the Antarctic Circumpolar frontal system and the Agulhas System; northward shifts of the STF are thought to limit the intensity of Agulhas Leakage (AL). Here, we present a new leaf wax hydroclimate record from ODP 1084, in the BUS. This and regional proxy records reveal that substantial changes in the isotopic signature of precipitation over SA coincide with significant shifts in the position of the STF and intensity of AL across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Archaeological sites in SA suggest occupation by early humans during the Mid-Pleistocene - changes in water availability and rainfall seasonality may have been a source of stress for these populations. Given the ongoing impacts of climate change on water resources in SA, awareness of the relationship between rainfall and STF shifts could not only provide insight into past water availability, but also aid regional adaptation efforts.
Assessing Stakeholders’ Expectations of Indian Management Education: An exploratory study
Authors: Jesiah Selvam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Indian B-schools turnout graduate several batches of students every year. However, not all of these students are capable enough to get a job/start a business of their choice. On the other hand, job recruiters are increasingly finding it difficult to hire an employee who suits their requirements even though there exists a huge demand for management professionals in the job market. This paper is an attempt to examine the various stakeholders’ expectations of Indian management education through selected variables such as the career ambitions of management aspirants and expectations of the employer from an MBA in terms of skill sets and behavior. More importantly, the investigation is made to ascertain whether these expectations are met by current management education.
Design/Methodology: This research is exploratory and undertaken through the survey method. The study administered a triple-stage sampling to estimate the population size among employers, recruiters, faculty members, and students to capture their expectations and priorities in management education.
Findings: The study whilerevealing the expectations of the Indian and the overseas students, the faculty members, and the employer from the management education, also sheds light on the knowledge and behavioral deficiencies of management graduates which have been long neglectedin the process of imparting management education.
Originality: The author provides a holistic view of the stakeholders’ expectations from Indian management education and thus offers insights to regulatory bodies and educational institutions while designing and developing curriculum and pedagogy.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Distributed Propulsion
Authors: Suppes Galen J. , Suppes Adam B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The ability of propulsion Sources (Sources) to increase the L/D-efficiency of aircraft is highly dependent on the Sources’ locations, surrounding surface morphologies, and lost work associated with Sources’ operating points. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations were performed on airfoils (i.e., 2D CFD) to provide guidelines for identifying base case specifications of these variables. Trailing-edge upper-surface Source locations provided the greatest direct impact on L/D-efficiency, but mid-chord Sources provided the ability to minimize the interference of sequential thin-plate wing sections. Optimal surrounding surface morphologies depend on the mode of operation, being different for descent and cruising; and so, morphing surfaces are needed to maximize the effectiveness of distributed propulsion. Relative to free stream conditions, Sources have lower pressures at intakes and higher pressures at discharges; the optimal positioning of these pressure differences to generate lift has a significant impact on L/D-efficiency. Metrics were identified to maximize the gain-loss ratio of increased L/D-efficiency versus lost thrust. Distributed-propulsion approaches have particular utility toward designing high-L/D low-AR airframes.
Climate-driven range expansion via long-distance larval dispersal
Authors: López Cataixa , Daniels Benjamin N. , Freel Evan B , Lee Andy , Davidson Jean M. , White Crow , Christie Mark R. , Toonen Robert J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Climate-driven warming and changes in major ocean currents enable poleward transport and range expansions of many marine species. Here, we report the population genetic structure for the gastropodKelletia kelletii, a commercial fisheries species and subtidal predator with top-down food web effects, whose populations have recently undergone climate-driven northward range expansion. We genotyped 598 adults from 13 locations across the species’ historical and expanded range (∼800 km) using reduced representation genomic sequencing (RAD-seq). Analyses of 40,747 SNPs show evidence for long-distance larval dispersal ofK. kelletiilarvae from a central historical range site (Point Loma, CA) hundreds of km into the expanded northern range (Big Creek, CA), which seems most likely to result from transport during an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event rather than consistent on-going gene flow. Furthermore, despite smaller geographic distances among some sampled expanded-range populations, their genetic divergence exceeds that among the historical range sampled populations, suggesting multiple origins of the expanded-range populations. Given the frequency and magnitude of ENSO events are predicted to increase with climate change, understanding the factors driving changes in population connectivity is crucial for establishing effective management strategies to ensure the persistence of this and other economically and ecologically important species.