bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculus Formation: Nurses’ Decision‐Making in Abortion‐Related Care
Authors: McLemore Monica R. , Kools Susan , Levi Amy J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNurses routinely provide care to patients in ethically challenging situations. To explore the continuum between conscientious objectors and designated staff in the provision of care to women seeking abortions, the aim of this study was to thickly describe decision‐making, using abortion as the clinical context to elucidate how nurses approach ethically challenging work. A purposive sample of 25 nurses who worked in abortion clinics, emergency departments, intensive care units, labor, and delivery, operating rooms, and post anesthesia care units were interviewed. Qualitative description and thematic analysis were used to identify the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes in nurses' decisions to care for women needing abortions. Nurses developed and used multifaceted, real‐time calculi when making decisions about their participation in emergent or routine abortion care. Nurses tacked back and forth between the personal and professional and/or held multiple contradictory positions simultaneously. Nurses weighed the role and opinion of others to determine if they know how to or know why they would provide abortion care to women, particularly in the elective abortion context. The parameters of the nurse–patient relationship were complex and specific to the experiences of both the nurse and patient. Findings from this study further develop the science of ethically challenging decision‐making and expand our understanding of factors that influence how nurses develop relationships to ethically challenging work. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interactive effects of oligofructose and obesity predisposition on gut hormones and microbiota in diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Cluny Nina L. , Eller Lindsay K. , Keenan Catherine M. , Reimer Raylene A. , Sharkey Keith A. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveOligofructose (OFS) is a prebiotic that reduces energy intake and fat mass via changes in gut satiety hormones and microbiota. The effects of OFS may vary depending on predisposition to obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of OFS in diet‐induced obese (DIO) and diet‐resistant (DR) rats.MethodsAdult, male DIO, and DR rats were randomized to: high‐fat/high‐sucrose (HFS) diet or HFS diet + 10% OFS for 6 weeks. Body composition, food intake, gut microbiota, plasma gut hormones, and cannabinoid CB1 receptor expression in the nodose ganglia were measured.ResultsOFS reduced body weight, energy intake, and fat mass in both phenotypes (P < 0.05). Select gut microbiota differed in DIO versus DR rats (P < 0.05), the differences being eliminated by OFS. OFS did not modify plasma ghrelin or CB1 expression in nodose ganglia, but plasma levels of GIP were reduced and PYY were elevated (P < 0.05) by OFS.ConclusionsOFS was able to reduce body weight and adiposity in both prone and resistant obese phenotypes. OFS‐induced changes in gut microbiota profiles in DIO and DR rats, along with changes in gut hormone levels, likely contribute to the sustained lower body weights.
Oncogenic role of miR‐155 in anaplastic large cell lymphoma lacking the t(2;5) translocation
Authors: Merkel Olaf , Hamacher Frank , Griessl Robert , Grabner Lisa , Schiefer Ana‐Iris , Prutsch Nicole , Baer Constance , Egger Gerda , Schlederer Michaela , Krenn Peter William , Hartmann Tanja Nicole , Simonitsch‐Klupp Ingrid , Plass Christoph , Staber Philipp Bernhard , Moriggl Richard , Turner Suzanne D , Greil Richard , Kenner Lukas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAnaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare, aggressive, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma that is characterized by CD30 expression and disease onset in young patients. About half of ALCL patients bear the t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation, which results in the formation of the nucleophosmin‐anaplastic lymphoma tyrosine kinase (NPM–ALK) fusion protein (ALCL ALK+). However, little is known about the molecular features and tumour drivers in ALK‐negative ALCL (ALCL ALK−), which is characterized by a worse prognosis. We found that ALCL ALK−, in contrast to ALCL ALK+, lymphomas display high miR‐155 expression. Consistent with this, we observed an inverse correlation between miR‐155 promoter methylation and miR‐155 expression in ALCL. However, no direct effect of the ALK kinase on miR‐155 levels was observed. Ago2 immunoprecipitation revealed miR‐155 as the most abundant miRNA, and enrichment of target mRNAs C/EBPβ and SOCS1. To investigate its function, we over‐expressed miR‐155 in ALCL ALK+ cell lines and demonstrated reduced levels of C/EBPβ and SOCS1. In murine engraftment models of ALCL ALK−, we showed that anti‐miR‐155 mimics are able to reduce tumour growth. This goes hand‐in‐hand with increased levels of cleaved caspase‐3 and high SOCS1 in these tumours, which leads to suppression of STAT3 signalling. Moreover, miR‐155 induces IL‐22 expression and suppresses the C/EBPβ target IL‐8. These data suggest that miR‐155 can act as a tumour driver in ALCL ALK− and blocking miR‐155 could be therapeutically relevant. Original miRNA array data are to be found in the supplementary material (Table S1). © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Stabilization of self‐assembled microdroplets using short chain alcohols
Authors: Farajollahi Farid , Marti Othmar , Amirkhani Masoud 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe condensation of water vapor on a volatile polymeric solution leads to a porous surface after evaporation of both solvent and water. However, the stabilization of the water microdroplet is of great importance, which can be achieved using specific polymer or adding a third substance to the polymer solution. Short chain alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and n‐propanol) are utilized to fabricate a self‐assembled porous honeycomb film of linear, low molecular weight polystyrene using the breath figure technique. A combination of breath figure processing and the effect of alcohol on a water droplet can stabilize the pattern and make pores on the surface of the polymer film. The quality of the porous honeycomb film is strongly dependent on the type of alcohols and the concentration of polymer. In a specific range of polymer and alcohol concentration, pores cover all the surface of the polymer film. This method offers the possibility of producing a honeycomb structure with no trace of additive residual after the fabrication process and avoiding polymer modification. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 709–718
Effects of olanzapine on serum protein phosphorylation patterns in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Jaros Julian A. , Rahmoune Hassan , Wesseling Hendrik , Leweke F. Markus , Ozcan Sureyya , Guest Paul C. , Bahn Sabine 
Published: March 2015

PurposePrevious studies have shown that blood serum phosphoproteins are altered in schizophrenia patients in comparison to controls. However, it is not known whether phosphoproteins are also changed in response to treatment with antipsychotics.Experimental designBlood samples were taken from patients (n = 23) at baseline and after 6 weeks of olanzapine treatment. Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) was used for enrichment of serum phosphoproteins and these were analyzed by label‐free LC‐MS in expression mode (LC‐MSE).ResultsWe identified 11 proteins that were changed significantly in overall abundance and 45 proteins that showed changes in phosphorylation after the antipsychotic treatment. The altered phosphoproteins were mainly involved in the acute phase response, lipid and glucose homeostasis (LXR), retinoic acid signaling (RXR), and complement pathways. Some of the proteins showed a marked increase in phosphorylation, including apolipoprotein A‐I (3.4‐fold), alpha‐1‐anti‐chymotrypsin (3.1‐fold), and apolipoprotein B‐100 (2.2‐fold). In addition, several proteins showed either decreased phosphorylation (e.g. complement C4A, collagen alpha‐1 chain, complement factor H) or a mixture of increased and decreased phoshphorylation (e.g. afamin, complement C5, complement factor B). Finally, 24 of the altered phosphoproteins showed opposite directional changes in a comparison of baseline schizophrenia patients before and after treatment with olanzapine. These included alpha‐1B‐glycoprotein, apolipoprotein A‐IV, vitamin D‐binding protein, and prothrombin.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThese data demonstrate the potential for future studies of serum phosphoproteins as a readout of physiological function and might have utility in studies aimed at identification of biomarkers for drug response prediction or monitoring.
BCL::MP‐fold: Membrane protein structure prediction guided by EPR restraints
Authors: Fischer Axel W. , Alexander Nathan S. , Woetzel Nils , Karakas Mert , Weiner Brian E. , Meiler Jens 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTFor many membrane proteins, the determination of their topology remains a challenge for methods like X‐ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has evolved as an alternative technique to study structure and dynamics of membrane proteins. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of membrane protein topology determination using limited EPR distance and accessibility measurements. The BCL::MP‐Fold (BioChemical Library membrane protein fold) algorithm assembles secondary structure elements (SSEs) in the membrane using a Monte Carlo Metropolis (MCM) approach. Sampled models are evaluated using knowledge‐based potential functions and agreement with the EPR data and a knowledge‐based energy function. Twenty‐nine membrane proteins of up to 696 residues are used to test the algorithm. The RMSD100 value of the most accurate model is better than 8 Å for 27, better than 6 Å for 22, and better than 4 Å for 15 of the 29 proteins, demonstrating the algorithms' ability to sample the native topology. The average enrichment could be improved from 1.3 to 2.5, showing the improved discrimination power by using EPR data. Proteins 2015; 83:1947–1962. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Synthesis of diastereomerically pure Lys(Nε‐lipoyl) building blocks and their use in Fmoc/tBu solid phase synthesis of lipoyl‐containing peptides for diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Rentier Cédric , Pacini Giulia , Nuti Francesca , Peroni Elisa , Rovero Paolo , Papini Anna Maria 
Published: March 2015

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis is an immune‐mediated disease in which one of the epitopes recognized by antimitochondrial autoantibodies is a lipoylated fragment of the PDC‐E2 protein. Accordingly, the synthesis of lipoylated peptides as diagnostic tools is a relevant target. Up to now, the proper tools for the introduction of lipoylation on building blocks to be used in Fmoc/tBu solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) are lacking, and the role of chirality in lipoylation remains poorly studied.In this paper, we present the synthesis of lipoylated lysine derivatives as pure diastereomeric building blocks suitable for Fmoc/tBu SPPS and their introduction in relevant peptide sequences to possibly serve as synthetic probes for the development of novel diagnostic tools for this disease.The optimization of the synthesis of lipoylated building blocks derived from racemic, (R)‐, and (S)‐α‐lipoic acid is described. Synthesis of peptide probes incorporating lipoylation is described. An insight regarding the cleavage of lipoylated peptides is given, as well as a method to oxidize or reduce the 1,2‐dithiolane ring of the lipoyl moiety directly on the peptide without any subsequent purification. Copyright © 2015 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toughness behaviour of high‐performance lightweight foamed concrete reinforced with hybrid fibres
Authors: Dawood Eethar Thanon , Hamad Ali Jihad 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLightweight foamed concrete (LWFC) is a concrete having structural strength with lightweight density and high flowability. High‐performance lightweight foamed concrete (HPLWFC) is used in modern concrete technology and intensively in the construction of high‐rise buildings, long‐span concrete structures, road sub‐bases and other applications. The present work deals with the fresh and hardened properties of LWFC. The fresh properties of LWFC are measured with the flow and fresh density tests. The hardened properties tests include compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural toughness, static modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption and oven‐dry density. In addition, the study focuses mainly on the effect of the fibres added to LWFC mixes. Two types of fibre have been used: glass fibres and polypropylene fibres, and the combination of glass fibres (GF) and polypropylene fibres (PPF) to obtain hybrid fibres (GF+PPF).This study also focuses on the effect of hybrid fibres on the flexural toughness of HPLWFC. Trial mixes have been used to choose the optimum mix. The definition for choosing the best mix depended on three parameters: oven‐dry density, flowability and compressive strength. The volume fraction of glass and polypropylene fibres are 0.06, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 %, and 0.2, 0.6, 1 and 1.4 % respectively. The percentages of hybrid fibres “GF + PPF” are “0.2 + 0.6”, “0.4 + 0.6”, “0.2 + 1” and “0.4 + 1” %. The results show that the greatest increments in the compressive and flexural strengths of LWFC are 51 and 21 % respectively due to the use of 0.6 % glass fibres. On the other hand, LWFC reinforced with polypropylene fibres exhibits only a minor increase in compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths. The best percentage of hybrid fibres yielding the highest increment in LWFC is “0.4 % GF + 0.6 % PPF”. The results of flexural toughness tests indicate that the polypropylene fibres denote a higher efficiency in the flexural toughness than is the case with glass fibres. The flexural toughness results increase with the volume fraction of the fibres. The hybridization shows the best flexural toughness values due to the cooperative work of the glass and polypropylene fibres boost the performance of flexural toughness in pre‐crack and post‐crack zones. Therefore, the use of 0.4 %GF + 1 %PPF gives the best results in this regard.
Evaluation of dexmedetomidine, tiletamine, and zolazepam for the immobilization of black bears
Authors: Coltrane Jessica A. , Farley Sean , Saalfeld David , Battle David , Carnahan Tony , Teisberg Justin 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTTelazol® (TZ, tiletamine hydrochloride [HCl] and zolazepam HCl) has been used to immobilize black bears for research and management activities since the 1980s. Although considered an effective and safe drug, TZ has some disadvantages, including prolonged restraint time and inability of reversal. We tested the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and Telazol® (dexMTZ) to immobilize 9 urban black bears (Ursus americanus) in Anchorage, Alaska, USA, during 2013. We recorded induction and recovery times and measured physiological responses of partial pressures of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygen (PaO2), lactate, percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, and HCO3 in relation to anesthesia. Immobilization was rapid in all bears with good dart placement, and bears maintained a deep level of anesthesia throughout the duration of processing (<1 hr). Bears did not exhibit any altered thermoregulatory ability; body temperatures remained relatively constant and normothermic (36.3 °C–39.2 °C). Mean heart rate (67 ± 13 beats/min) was within the normal range for black bears at 60–90 beats/min, and no instances of tachycardia were observed. We observed normal respiration rates (18 ± 5 breaths/min) and high oxygen saturations in black bears. Within 24 min postinjection oxygen saturation remained above 90%. Immobilization did not appear to disrupt acid–base balance in bears, and administration of atipamezole provided relatively quick and complete recovery of all bears captured. Our results indicate that dexMTZ provides a safe and effective means to immobilize black bears for research and management activities. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Parallel‐laser photogrammetry to estimate body size in free‐ranging mammals
Authors: Weisgerber Jordan N. , Medill Sarah A. , McLoughlin Philip D. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIt is not always practical to hand‐measure body size of free‐ranging animals. In recent years, parallel‐laser photogrammetry has become increasingly common for obtaining remote estimates of body size. However, it is unknown how well this technique might capture variation in body size of curvilinear features or whether the distance between parallel‐laser calipers is altered when projected onto a curved surface. We describe a photogrammetric system that may be useful for obtaining body‐size measurements from unrestrained large mammals that permit approach. We tested the use of parallel‐laser photogrammetry to estimate the size of curvilinear features in domestic horses (Equus ferus caballus) and identified morphometrics that explained variation in body weight. Despite projecting the lasers onto a curved surface (the barrel of a horse), we achieved accurate photogrammetric estimates of linear hand‐measurements. The curvilinear hand‐measurements also showed strong correlations (R2 ≥ 0.996) with their respective linear photogrammetric estimates, and most photogrammetric estimates had high reliability. Using 3 variables of body size, photogrammetric estimates and hand‐measurements explained 86.0% and 96.2% of the variation in weight, respectively. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Potential applications of wireless sensor networks for wildlife trapping and monitoring programs
Authors: Jones Christopher , Warburton Bruce , Carver Julian , Carver Derek 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThere are notable costs in maintaining a wildlife trapping program, primarily labor and travel costs associated with frequently and regularly checking large numbers of traps. Wireless sensor networks have the potential to significantly decrease operational costs of terrestrial wildlife trapping and monitoring programs, particularly those involving labor‐intensive live‐trapping. Furthermore, sensor networks can collect, transmit, and store vast volumes of environmental data, which may be used in research or to refine wildlife management or monitoring. In a modeled example, we estimated that operational cost savings of up to 70% could accrue from use of wireless sensor networks. Cost savings were greater when more traps were included in the network, but declined as rates of sprung traps increased. A simple benefit–cost analysis suggested that use of wireless sensor networks is justifiable economically, although widespread use may be constrained by legislative or regulatory requirements for field staff to service or check traps or the need to replace bait. Should increasing use reduce hardware costs, this technology has great potential for reducing costs of trap‐based control programs and increasing the quantity and quality of data from wildlife monitoring studies. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Hypertrophy of the Left Liver in Patients with Large Tumors in the Right Liver
Authors: Nakayama Yoshimi , Ishizaki Yoichi , Yoshimoto Jiro , Sugo Hiroyuki , Imamura Hiroshi , Kawasaki Seiji 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundIt has been speculated that, when right‐sided major hepatectomy (RSMH) is planned for patients with large tumors in the right liver, it may not lead to a marked decrease in normally functional hepatic mass.MethodsWe collected data for patients who had undergone RSMH for tumors more than 8 cm in diameter (n = 50) and compared them with control patients who had undergone RSMH for tumors less than 5 cm in diameter (n = 21).ResultsThe ratio of the remnant left liver volume to the nontumorous liver volume (left liver ratio) in the patients with large tumors was significantly greater than that in the control group (50.0 ± 12.8 % vs. 40.2 ± 8.3 %, p = 0.002). Left liver ratio was significantly correlated with tumor volume (p < 0.001). Preoperative portal vein embolization was performed in only four of the 50 patients with large tumors. None of the patients with large tumors developed postoperative liver failure.ConclusionsLeft liver volume in patients with large tumors in the right liver was larger than usual, perhaps reducing the risk of postoperative liver insufficiency after RSMH.
Laparoscopic Simultaneous Resection of Colorectal Primary Tumor and Liver Metastases: Results of a Multicenter International Study
Authors: Ferretti Stefano , Tranchart Hadrien , Buell Joseph F. , Eretta Constantino , Patriti Alberto , Spampinato Marcello Giuseppe , Huh Jung Wook , Vigano Luca , Han Ho Seong , Ettorre Giuseppe Maria , Jovine Elio , Gamblin Thomas Clark , Belli Giulio , Wakabayashi Go , Gayet Brice , Dagher Ibrahim 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundWith the advance of modern laparoscopic technology, laparoscopic colorectal surgery and laparoscopic liver surgery are both worldwide accepted. Preliminary brief series have shown the feasibility of combined laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) and synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCRLM). We aim to report a large International multicenter series of laparoscopic simultaneous resection of CRC and SCRLM.MethodsBetween 1997 and 2013, 142 laparoscopic liver resections were performed with simultaneous colorectal surgery for SCRLM. The surgical and postoperative variables evaluated were the duration of the intervention, blood loss, transfusion rate, conversion rate, resection margin, specific and overall morbidity, perioperative mortality, length of hospital stay, and survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed examining postoperative morbidity in the all cohort of patients.ResultsThe median number of liver lesions was 1 (1–9) and the median larger diameter at diagnosis was 28 (2–100) mm. The median operative time was 360 (120–690) min. Seven patients (4.9 %) required conversion. The global morbidity was 31.0 % and the mortality was 2.1 %. After a median follow‐up of 29 (1–108) months, 40 patients (28.2 %) developed tumor recurrence. Curative treatment of recurrence was possible in 17 patients (12.0 %), including a second liver resection in 13 patients (9.1 %), which was performed by laparoscopy in 7 patients (4.9 %). Overall 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survivals were 98.8, 82.1, and 71.9 %, respectively. By multivariate analysis, ASA score ≥3 [OR 13.6 (1.8–99.6); P = 0.01] and operative time [OR 1.008 (1.001–1.016); P = 0.03] were independent predictors of postoperative morbidity.ConclusionsOur combined data show that in experienced centers, simultaneous laparoscopic approach is technically feasible, safe, and associated with good oncological outcomes.