bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tajogaite, « montagne fissurée » et âmes fêlées. Un nouveau souffle après les cendres
Authors: Hermesse Julie , Kempeneers Caroline 
Published: August 2024

Le volcan Tajogaite de Cumbre Vieja est entré en éruption le 19 septembre 2021 sur l’île de La Palma dans les Canaries. Son éruption a reconfiguré le territoire de l’île, impactant de manière fulgurante les biens immobiliers et les terres agricoles. Aux effondrements et la perte de nombreux lieux de vie se conjuguent des deuils pour les insulaires qui ne peuvent être répertoriés de manière tangible. Cet article est le fruit d’un travail de terrain mené de manière conjointe et transdisciplinaire par une artiste et une anthropologue. L’espace-temps liminaire de basculement est analysé au travers d’une collecte de témoignages réalisée sur l’île. Force est de constater que, deux ans plus tard, l’île endeuillée des pertes se redresse, ce qui permet ainsi d’interroger les notions de cocréations et de résilience. Opérant un détour par l’histoire volcanique de La Palma et l’histoire guanche précoloniale, cet article témoigne de l’ambivalence de cette page d’histoire contemporaine palmera : une histoire « fissurée » par l’éruption de 2021, à l’image de la dénomination actuelle du volcan, mais aussi une histoire d’autodétermination dont font preuve les populations locales.
Assessment of Soil Salinity and Irrigation Water Quality at Tahtay-Adyabo District, Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Kahsu Geberesemaeti , Gebrehiwet Weldegebriel , Tekulu Kinfe , Berhe Tewolde , Tadele Tsadik , Mebrahtom Solomon , Mebrahtu Samrawit , Aregawi Goitom 
Published: August 2024

A study was conducted in Tahtay Adyabo northern Ethiopia to assess the salinity and irrigation water quality at farmer-level irrigation sites in the year of 2012. irrigation sites was identified and sampling units was assigned. 38 soil samples were collected from 19 plots (Dugub, Endaserawat, Mytewldish, Egum dima, and scattered wells in Mentebteb district ) at depths of 0-30cm and 30-50cm, along with, 21 water samples from 14 wells and 7 rivers. These samples were then analyzed at the Shire Soil Laboratory for salinity and fertility parameters. The results showed that the salinity status of surface soil at 0-30cm depth for dugub, scattered wells, and Myteweldish was 75% non-saline and 25% slightly saline. For Endaserawat, 50% was slightly saline, 25% moderately saline, and 25% strongly saline. Egum Dima showed 67% slightly saline and 33% moderately saline. In subsurface soil at 30-50cm depth, dugub, scattered wells, and Myteweldish were 75% non-saline and 25% slightly saline, while Endaserawat was 25% slightly saline and 75% moderately saline, and Egum Dima was 67% slightly saline, 16.5% moderately saline, and 16.5% strongly saline. Water analysis for the wells showed that out of 14 samples, 21% were non-saline, 21% were slightly to moderately saline, and 57% were severely saline. For the rivers, out of 7 samples, 43% were slightly to moderately saline and 57% were severely saline. Overall, out of 21 water samples from wells and rivers, 14% were non-saline, 29% were slightly to moderately saline, and 57% were severely saline. In general, the salinity status in Dugub, Endaserawat, Mytewldish, and Egum Dima varies from non-saline to strongly saline, but the severity is more pronounced in Endaserawat and Egum Dima. This salinity is attributed to the parent material and the water table. Crop selection, integration of organic matter, applying extra irrigation water and regular salinity monitoring is recommended, to optimize the productivity of the soils in the irrigation site.
Micronutrient Dynamics in Soil under Integrated Thermochemical Organic Fertilizer Pellet Application
Authors: Tsering Phurpa , Leno Naveen , B Rani , S Sarada , Swaroop Raji 
Published: August 2024

A soil incubation study was carried out in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, to assess dynamics of micronutrient release. Soil pots were filled with 5 kg air-dried, 2 mm sieved soil. The study was laid in Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were, T1: Pellet formulation 1; T2: Pellet formulation 2; T3: Pellet formulation 3; T4: FYM+NPK (RDF as per POP) and T5: Control (Soil alone). The Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B content of soil were 10.14 mg kg-1, 8.59 mg kg-1, 1.90 mg kg-1, 2.50 mg kg-1 and 0.30 mg kg-1, respectively. Three distinct pellet formulations P1, P2 & P3 were used in study based on thermochemical organic fertilizer (TOF). Fe, Mn and Zn exhibited a gradual and progressive release pattern throughout the incubation period. Whereas Cu and B availability showed a decreasing trend from the 15th day onwards. Highest Fe, Mn and Zn availability were observed towards the end of the incubation study. While the Cu and B recorded highest on the initial 15th day of incubation. Hence it can conclude that TOF based pellets significantly impact the micronutrient availability in soil compared to the FYM based and control treatment.
Anmerkung zu EuGH, Urt. v. 22.2.2024 – C-661/22
Authors: Omlor Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Art. 4 Nr. 3 der Richtlinie (EU) 2015/2366 ... und Art. 2 Nr. 2 der RL 2009/110/EG ... sind dahin auszulegen, dass die Tätigkeit eines Zahlungsinstituts, die darin besteht, von einem Zahlungsdienstnutzer Geldbeträge entgegenzunehmen, ohne dass diesen Geldbeträgen sofort ein Zahlungsauftrag beigefügt ist, so dass sie auf einem von diesem Institut geführten Zahlungskonto i.S.v. Art. 4 Nr. 12 der RL 2015/2366 verfügbar bleiben, einen von dem Zahlungsinstitut erbrachten Zahlungsdienst i.S.v. Art. 4 Nr. 3 der RL 2015/2366 und keinen Vorgang der Ausgabe von E-Geld i.S.v. Art. 2 Nr. 2 der RL 2009/110 darstellt.
Kassenstaatsklausel: Neufassung des § 50d Abs. 7 EStG durch das Jahressteuergesetz 2024
Authors: Kappelmann Christian 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Referenten- und der Regierungsentwurf des Jahressteuergesetzes 2024 enthalten eine überarbeitete Fassung der Treaty- Override-Regelung in § 50d Abs. 7 EStG. Mit der Neufassung des § 50d Abs. 7 EStG will der Gesetzgeber auf die Kritik und die Unklarheiten in der aktuellen Fassung des § 50d Abs. 7 EStG reagieren, weitet dessen Anwendungsbereich durch die Neuregelung jedoch auch erheblich gegenüber der aktuellen Fassung aus.
Zollrecht: Abbildung zollrechtliche Risiken im Ertragsteuerrecht
Authors: Wolfgang Brill Mirko , Scheller Peter 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Zollrechtliche Verstöße können erheblich wirtschaftliche Risiken für beteiligte Unternehmen haben. Damit stellt sich auch die Frage, wie sich diese Risiken im ertragsteuerlichen Bereich auswirken. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll die Frage untersucht werden, wann und zu welchem Zeitpunkt entsprechende Risiken im Jahresabschluss eines Unternehmens zu erfassen sind. Das Urteil des EuGH v. 7.4.2022 - C-489/20 in der Rechtssache Kauno teritorine muitineaus dem Grenzbereich zwischen Zoll‑, Umsatzsatz- und Verbrauchsteuerrecht bietet den Anlass, sich vertiefte Gedanken zur vorgenannten Frage zu machen.
Die Sicherheitsleistung nach § 6 Reisesicherungsfondsgesetz
Authors: Nossek Timo 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Aktuell rückt der Insolvenzantrag verschiedener Gesellschaften der FTI Group, einer der größten deutschen Reiseanbieter, das System des Reisesicherungsfonds in die Erinnerung einer breiten Fachöffentlichkeit. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Sicherheitsleistungen der Reiseanbieter gegenüber dem Reisesicherungsfond und stellt deren systematische Funktion im System des Reisesicherungsfonds sowie den Prozess der Inanspruchnahme und Abwicklung der Sicherheitsleistung dar.
Segmentation of plate coupling, fate of subduction fluids, and modes of arc magmatism in Cascadia, inferred from magnetotelluric resistivity
Authors: Wannamaker Philip E. , Evans Rob L. , Bedrosian Paul A. , Unsworth Martyn J. , Maris Virginie , McGary R. Shane 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFive magnetotelluric (MT) profiles have been acquired across the Cascadia subduction system and transformed using 2‐D and 3‐D nonlinear inversion to yield electrical resistivity cross sections to depths of ∼200 km. Distinct changes in plate coupling, subduction fluid evolution, and modes of arc magmatism along the length of Cascadia are clearly expressed in the resistivity structure. Relatively high resistivities under the coasts of northern and southern Cascadia correlate with elevated degrees of inferred plate locking, and suggest fluid‐ and sediment‐deficient conditions. In contrast, the north‐central Oregon coastal structure is quite conductive from the plate interface to shallow depths offshore, correlating with poor plate locking and the possible presence of subducted sediments. Low‐resistivity fluidized zones develop at slab depths of 35–40 km starting ∼100 km west of the arc on all profiles, and are interpreted to represent prograde metamorphic fluid release from the subducting slab. The fluids rise to forearc Moho levels, and sometimes shallower, as the arc is approached. The zones begin close to clusters of low‐frequency earthquakes, suggesting fluid controls on the transition to steady sliding. Under the northern and southern Cascadia arc segments, low upper mantle resistivities are consistent with flux melting above the slab plus possible deep convective backarc upwelling toward the arc. In central Cascadia, extensional deformation is interpreted to segregate upper mantle melts leading to underplating and low resistivities at Moho to lower crustal levels below the arc and nearby backarc. The low‐ to high‐temperature mantle wedge transition lies slightly trenchward of the arc.
Plagioclase preferred orientation and induced seismic anisotropy in mafic igneous rocks
Authors: Ji Shaocheng , Shao Tongbin , Salisbury Matthew H. , Sun Shengsi , Michibayashi Katsuyoshi , Zhao Weihua , Long Changxing , Liang Fenghua , Satsukawa Takako 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFractional crystallization and crystal segregation controlled by settling or floating of minerals during the cooling of magma can lead to layered structures in mafic and ultramafic intrusions in continental and oceanic settings in the lower crust. Thus, the seismic properties and fabrics of layered intrusions must be calibrated to gain insight into the origin of seismic reflections and anisotropy in the deep crust. To this end, we have measured P and S wave velocities and anisotropy in 17 plagioclase‐rich mafic igneous rocks such as anorthosite and gabbro at hydrostatic pressures up to 650 MPa. Anorthosites and gabbroic anorthosites containing >80 vol% plagioclase and gabbros consisting of nearly equal modal contents of plagioclase and pyroxene display distinctive seismic anisotropy patterns: Vp(Z)/Vp(Y) ≥ 1 and Vp(Z)/Vp(X) ≥ 1 for anorthosites while 0.8 < Vp(Z)/Vp(Y) ≤ 1 and 0.8 < Vp(Z)/Vp(X) ≤ 1 for gabbros. Amphibolites lie in the same domain as gabbros, but show a significantly stronger tendency of Vp(X) > Vp(Y) than the gabbros. Laminated anorthosites with Vp(X) ≈ Vp(Y) ≪ Vp(Z) display a strong crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of plagioclase whose (010) planes and [100] and [001] directions parallel to the foliation. For the gabbros and amphibolites characterized by Vp(X) ≈ Vp(Y) > Vp(Z) and Vp(X) > Vp(Y) > Vp(Z), respectively, pyroxene and amphibole play a dominant role over plagioclase in the formation of seismic anisotropy. The Poisson's ratio calculated using the average P and S wave velocities from the three principal propagation‐polarization directions (X, Y, and Z) of a highly anisotropic anorthosite cannot represent the value of a true isotropic equivalent. The CPO‐induced anisotropy enhances and decreases the foliation‐normal incidence reflectivity at gabbro‐peridotite and anorthosite‐peridotite interfaces, respectively.
Vertical distribution of gravity wave potential energy from long‐term Rayleigh lidar data at a northern middle‐latitude site
Authors: Mzé N. , Hauchecorne A. , Keckhut P. , Thétis M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we use the Rayleigh lidar in order to give an overview of the gravity wave activity at a northern middle‐latitude station at Haute‐Provence Observatory (43.93°N, 5.71°E). In order to have access to perturbations with short time and vertical scales, at least in a statistical sense, we analyze raw lidar signals with a variance method. Sixteen years of lidar data sets are analyzed in this study. The results of the variability, climatology, and seasonal changes are reported. We observe night‐to‐night variability in gravity wave potential energy, which follows a lognormal distribution with a standard deviation ranging between 0.50 and 0.58 (base 10 logarithm). A monthly distribution of gravity waves is also obtained in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. In the 30–50 km altitude range (the upper stratosphere), an annual cycle is clearly found with a maximum in winter and a minimum in summer. An annual cycle in the lower mesosphere is also observed with maximum in winter. In the upper mesosphere, a semiannual cycle is found at ~75 km. At this altitude, the maximum gravity wave activity occurs in winter and in summer. A more pronounced summer maximum is observed (+25%). The summer maximum at Haute‐Provence Observatory in the upper mesosphere is probably due to oblique propagation. Looking at the seasonally averaged profiles, it is possible to observe the preferential altitudes of energy dissipation. Gravity waves are dissipating above ~70 km during all seasons, but there is relatively little dissipation at lower altitudes.
Baclofen facilitates sleep, neuroplasticity, and recovery after stroke in rats
Authors: Hodor Aleksandra , Palchykova Svitlana , Baracchi Francesca , Noain Daniela , Bassetti Claudio L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveSleep disruption in the acute phase after stroke has detrimental effects on recovery in both humans and animals. Conversely, the effect of sleep promotion remains unclear. Baclofen (Bac) is a known non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep‐promoting drug in both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Bac on stroke recovery in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia (isch).MethodsRats, assigned to three experimental groups (Bac/isch, saline/isch, or Bac/sham), were injected twice daily for 10 consecutive days with Bac or saline, starting 24 h after induction of stroke. The sleep–wake cycle was assessed by EEG recordings and functional motor recovery by single pellet reaching test (SPR). In order to identify potential neuroplasticity mechanisms, axonal sprouting and neurogenesis were evaluated. Brain damage was assessed by Nissl staining.ResultsRepeated Bac treatment after ischemia affected sleep, motor function, and neuroplasticity, but not the size of brain damage. NREM sleep amount was increased significantly during the dark phase in Bac/isch compared to the saline/isch group. SPR performance dropped to 0 immediately after stroke and was recovered slowly thereafter in both ischemic groups. However, Bac‐treated ischemic rats performed significantly better than saline‐treated animals. Axonal sprouting in the ipsilesional motor cortex and striatum, and neurogenesis in the peri‐infarct region were significantly increased in Bac/isch group.ConclusionDelayed repeated Bac treatment after stroke increased NREM sleep and promoted both neuroplasticity and functional outcome. These data support the hypothesis of the role of sleep as a modulator of poststroke recovery.
Dilithiumhexaorganozinn(IV)‐Verbindungen
Authors: Schrader Ireen , Zeckert Kornelia , Zahn Stefan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie Hyperkoordination von Hauptgruppenelementen, wie der schweren Gruppe‐14‐Elemente Silicium, Germanium, Zinn und Blei, erfordert im Allgemeinen stark elektronegative Liganden oder die Anwesenheit von Donoratomen. Wir berichten über zwei Hexaarylzinn(IV)‐Dianionen, die in Form ihrer Dilithiumsalze [Li2(thf)2{Sn(2‐pyMe)6}] (pyMe=C5H3N‐5‐Me) (2) und [Li2{Sn(2‐pyOtBu)6}] (pyOtBu=C5H3N‐6‐OtBu) (3) synthetisiert und charakterisiert wurden. Unter inerten Bedingungen weisen beide Verbindungen sowohl in Lösung als auch in kristalliner Form eine hohe Stabilität auf. Theoretische Rechnungen an Verbindung 2 zeigen die Bildung sechs stark polarisierter, kovalenter Zinn‐Kohlenstoff‐Bindungen, die auf einen maßgeblichen Beitrag des 5s‐Valenzorbitals am Zinnatom zurückzuführen sind.
Tour of a Labyrinth: Exploring the Vertebrate Nose
Authors: Van Valkenburgh Blaire , Smith Timothy D. , Craven Brent A. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThis special issue of The Anatomical Record is the outcome of a symposium entitled “Inside the Vertebrate Nose: Evolution, Structure and Function.” The skeletal framework of the nasal cavity is a complicated structure that often houses sinuses and comprises an internal skeleton of bone or cartilage that can vary greatly in architecture among species. The nose serves multiple functions, including olfaction and respiratory air‐conditioning, and its morphology is constrained by evolution, development, and conflicting demands on cranial space, such as enlarged orbits. The nasal cavity of vertebrates has received much more attention in the last decade due to the emergence of nondestructive methods that allow improved visualization of the internal anatomy of the skull, such as high‐resolution x‐ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The 17 articles included here represent a broad range of investigators, from paleontologists to engineers, who approach the nose from different perspectives. Key topics include the evolution and development of the nose, its comparative anatomy and function, and airflow through the nasal cavity of individual species. In addition, this special issue includes review articles on anatomical reduction of the olfactory apparatus in both cetaceans and primates (the vomeronasal system), as well as the molecular biology of olfaction in vertebrates. Together these articles provide an expansive summary of our current understanding of vertebrate nasal anatomy and function. In this introduction, we provide background information and an overview of each of the three primary topics, and place each article within the context of previous research and the major challenges that lie ahead. Anat Rec, 297:1975–1984, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond the Sniffer: Frontal Sinuses in Carnivora
Authors: Curtis Abigail A. , Van Valkenburgh Blaire 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTParanasal sinuses are some of the most poorly understood features of mammalian cranial anatomy. They are highly variable in presence and form among species, but their function is not well understood. The best‐supported explanations for the function of sinuses is that they opportunistically fill mechanically unnecessary space, but that in some cases, sinuses in combination with the configuration of the frontal bone may improve skull performance by increasing skull strength and dissipating stresses more evenly. We used CT technology to investigate patterns in frontal sinus size and shape disparity among three families of carnivores: Canidae, Felidae, and Hyaenidae. We provide some of the first quantitative data on sinus morphology for these three families, and employ a novel method to quantify the relationship between three‐dimensional sinus shape and skull shape. As expected, frontal sinus size and shape were more strongly correlated with frontal bone size and shape than with the morphology of the skull as a whole. However, sinus morphology was also related to allometric differences among families that are linked to biomechanical function. Our results support the hypothesis that frontal sinuses most often opportunistically fill space that is mechanically unnecessary, and they can facilitate cranial shape changes that reduce stress during feeding. Moreover, we suggest that the ability to form frontal sinuses allows species to modify skull function without compromising the performance of more functionally constrained regions such as the nasal chamber (heat/water conservation, olfaction), and braincase (housing the brain and sensory structures). Anat Rec, 297:2047–2064, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Anatomy and Systematic Implications of the Turbinal Skeleton in Lagomorpha (Mammalia)
Authors: Ruf Irina 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIn order to elucidate the systematic relevance of the turbinal skeleton in Lagomorpha the ethmoidal regions of 6 ochotonid, 21 leporid, and 2 outgroup species (Sciurus vulgaris, Tupaia sp.) species were investigated by high‐resolution computed tomography (μCT). Number and shape of turbinals correspond to major clades and to several genera. All Lagomorpha under study have a deeply excavated nasoturbinal that is continuous with the lamina semicircularis; a feature likely to be an autapomorphy of lagomorphs. In particular, the olfactory turbinals (frontoturbinals, ethmoturbinals, and interturbinals) provide new systematic information. The plesiomorphic lagomorph pattern comprises two frontoturbinals, three ethmoturbinals, and one interturbinal between ethmoturbinal I and II. Ochotonidae are derived from the lagomorph goundplan by loss of ethmoturbinal III; an interturbinal between the two frontoturbinals is an autapomorphy of Leporidae. Pronolagus is apomorphic in having a very slender first ethmoturbinal, but shows a puzzling pattern in decreasing the number of turbinals. Pronolagus rupestris and Romerolagus diazi have independently reduced their turbinals to just two fronto‐ and two ethmoturbinals, which is the lowest number among the sampled lagomorphs. In contrast, the more derived leporid genera under study (Oryctolagus, Caprolagus, Sylvilagus, and Lepus) show a tendency to increase the number of turbinals, either by developing an ethmoturbinal IV (Caprolagus hispidus, Lepus arcticus) or by additional interturbinals. Intraspecific variation was investigated in Ochotona alpina, Oryctolagus cuniculus, and Lepus europaeus and is restricted to additional interturbinals in the frontoturbinal recess of the two leporids. Anat Rec, 297:2031–2046, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Molecular Biology of Vertebrate Olfaction
Authors: Hayden Sara , Teeling Emma C. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe importance of chemosensation for vertebrates is reflected in the vast and variable nature of their chemosensory tissues, neurons, and genes, which we explore in this review. Immense progress has been made in elucidating the molecular biology of olfaction since the discovery of the olfactory receptor genes by Buck and Axel, which eventually won the authors the Nobel Prize. In particular, research linking odor ligands to olfactory receptors (ORs) is truly revolutionizing our understanding of how a large but limited number of chemosensory receptors can allow us to perceive the massive diversity of odors in our habitat. This research is providing insight into the evolution of genomes and providing the raw data needed to explore links between genotype and phenotype, still a grand challenge in biology. Research into olfaction is still developing and will no doubt continue until we have a clear understanding of how all odors are detected and the evolutionary forces that have molded the chemosensory subgenome in vertebrates. This knowledge will not only be a huge step in elucidating olfactory function, advancing scientific knowledge and techniques, but there are also commercial applications for this research. This review focuses on the molecular basis of chemosensation, particularly olfaction, its evolution across vertebrates and the recent molecular advances linking odors to their cognate receptors. Anat Rec, 297:2216–2226, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.