bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of an Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) as Flow Meter
Authors: Varón M. P. , Biazussi J. L. , Bannwart A. C. , Monte Verde W.. , Sassim N.. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
ESP (Electrical Submersible Pump) is one the most important artificial lift methods for oil in Brazil and worldwide. In this method, the centrifugal pump is driven by an electric motor directly coupled to the pump shaft. ESPs are commonly provided with a set of sensors that monitor the motor operation, temperature and head.
Measurement of liquid flow rate produced by each well is traditionally performed with specialized, costly instrumentation. As the motor sensor and the frequency inverter that drives the ESP provide useful information for pump monitoring and well management, the local flow rate through the ESP could also be determined from in-field calibration curves relating the flow rate with monitored data. Specifically, the head generated by the ESP and/or the electrical power consumed by the motor, which are usual performance curves describing the pump behavior, can be related to the flow rate of the fluid being produced. Appraisal of such flow rate measurement techniques should of course be based on the uncertainties propagated from each calibration curve. In this study, ESP performance curves of head and electrical power obtained at different operating conditions (including two-phase and viscous fluids) are used to determine the uncertainties in the liquid flow rate measurement from the curves. Results on the suitability of each method are discussed in the light of the API RP 11S2 standard, which establishes the best practices for ESP testing.
Alternative Deployment of an ESP System in South America
Authors: Blum Carlos , Jimenez Jackson , Pozo Lenin , Garibay Nicolas , Griffiths Neil , Constante Luis , Padilla Edison 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
As hydrocarbon reservoirs deplete and lose their natural energy to produce fluids to surface, Artificial Lift technologies become essential to maintain hydrocarbon production. Often Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are selected as the optimum Artificial Lift method for a particular field/well but, typically run on jointed tubing, their limited ‘run lives’ require frequent heavy rig/hoist interventions to replace failed systems. This incurs significant production deferment, increased operating cost and unwelcome disruption to operations. Furthermore it often distracts the rigs/hoists from more profitable oil-generating activity.
In light of the above, there has been a persistent and continual drive to improve ESP performance and ‘run life’ but, nevertheless, any machine of electro-mechanical complexity will eventually fail, especially in the hostile downhole environment. Attention naturally turned to minimizing the impact of these inevitable ESP failures and focus shifted to ‘alternative deployment methods’ designed to eliminate the ‘turnaround’ time, production deferment and operating costs associated with heavy rig/hoist intervention.
Several ‘alternative’ ESP deployment options have been developed over the years but, for various valid reasons, none were readily embraced by the industry. Most recently a downhole electrical wet-connector technology has enabled ESPs to be ‘shuttled’ through tubing on wireline, coiled tubing, slickline or sucker rods and plugged into a downhole ‘docking station’ without the need of a rig or hoist. Although this technology has been successfully installed both onshore and offshore in Africa, Middle East and Far East, this paper reports the first successful installation in Latin America. Moreover, and more pertinently, the paper also reports on the expedient ‘rigless’ retrieval and replacement of the ESP system in response to an unexpected ESP system failure some months after initial installation. The latter substantiates the value proposition of this ‘alternative’ ESP deployment option. These operations took place in the PetroProducción Cuyabeno field, in Ecuador in September and December of 2012.
Functionality and Safety of an Ultra-Congruent Rotating Platform Knee Prosthesis at 5.6 Years: More than 5- Year Follow-Up of the e.motion® UC-TKA
Authors: Chavoix Jean-Baptiste 
Published: May 2013

Background:
Mobile bearing TKA prostheses were designed to minimize polyethylene wear by increasing implant conformity and reducing stresses between the articulating prosthesis components. It is the purpose of this study to assess the mid-term functionality and clinical outcome associated with a highly congruent mobile platform design, the e.motion® UC total knee prosthesis.

Material and Methods:
Functional and clinical outcomes were assessed after an average of 5.6 years (5.1 – 6.0 years) after total knee arthroplasty in 28 patients (24 women), aged 77.8±7.5 years. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was assessed. Secondary outcomes included the Knee Society Score (KSS), radiological evaluation of radiolucent lines and recording of adverse events.

Results:
The average KOOS subscore for the activities of daily life was 77.8 points after 5.6 years. Both the clinical and functional KSS improved at 2.4 and 5.6 years. Two patients showed radiolucent lines at 5.6 years. Adverse events over 5.6 years included 3 subluxations, 1 tilting and 1 misalignment of the patella. None of the prostheses were revised.

Conclusion:
This pilot study shows promising outcomes for the e.motion® UC prosthesis. In the small sample, the implant performed comparably to the LCS prosthesis (the gold standard). There were no loosenings or revisions observed at 5.6 years.
Intrapelvic Dislocation of a Femoral Trial Head During Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Requiring Laparotomy for Retrieval
Authors: Citak Mustafa , Klatte Till Orla , Zahar Akos , Day Kimberly , Kendoff Daniel , Gehrke Thorsten , Dörner Arnulf , Gebauer Matthias 
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose:
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a safe and reliable surgical procedure. However, THA also has intra- and postoperative complications. A dreaded and frustrating intraoperative complication during total hip arthroplasty is dislocation of the femoral trial head from the neck into the pelvis.

Methods:
Here, we report on the case of a 71-year old female patient with osteoarthritis of the left hip. Total hip arthroplasty was performed in a lateral position through a standard posterior approach. During intraoperative trial reduction, the femoral trial head dissociated from the taper and dislocated into the psoas compartment. Several unsuccessful attempts, including an additional ventral approach, were made to immediately retrieve the femoral trial head.

Results and interpretation:
Postoperative a Computerized Tomography (CT) was performed to locate the trial head, a secondary explorative laparotomy was undertaken to retrieve it. The retrieval of the femoral trial head should be performed in a planned second surgical procedure to avoid possible complications during the manipulation necessary for retrieval.
Mechanical Quantification of Local Bone Quality in the Humeral Head: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Scola Alexander , Gebhard Florian , Weckbach Sebastian , Dehner Christoph , Schwyn Ronald , Fliri Ladina , Röderer Götz 
Published: May 2013

Objectives:
Surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures can be challenging due to osteoporosis. The weak bone stock makes stable implant anchorage difficult, which can result in low primary stability. Accordingly, significant failure rates, even with modern locking plates, are reported in the literature. Intraoperative knowledge of local bone quality could be helpful in improving results. This study evaluates the feasibility of local bone quality quantification using breakaway torque measurements.

Materials and Methods:
A torque measurement tool (DensiProbe™) was developed to determine local resistance to breakaway offered by the cancellous bone in the humeral head to quantify local bone quality. The tool was adapted to a standard locking plate (PHILOS, Synthes), allowing measurement in the positions of the six humeral head screws, as provided by the aiming device of the plate. Two hundred and seventy measurements were performed in 44 fresh cadaveric human humeri.

Results:
Handling of the tool was straight forward and provided reproducible results for the six different positions. The method allows discrimination between the respective positions with statistical significance, and thus provides reliable information on the local distribution of bone quality within the humeral head.

Discussion:
This study introduces a new method using breakaway torque to determine local bone quality within the humeral head in real time. Because DensiProbe is adapted to a standard locking plate, there is the potential for intraoperative application. The information provided could enable the surgeon to improve fixation of osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures.
Harmonic averages, exact difference schemes and local Green’s functions in variable coefficient PDE problems
Authors: Axelsson Owe , Karátson János 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA brief survey is given to show that harmonic averages enter in a natural way in the numerical solution of various variable coefficient problems, such as in elliptic and transport equations, also of singular perturbation types. Local Green’s functions used as test functions in the Petrov-Galerkin finite element method combined with harmonic averages can be very efficient and are related to exact difference schemes.
Li+ effect on the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as probed by FT-IR spectroscopy
Authors: Zimkus Aurelijus , Misiūnas Audrius , Chaustova Larisa 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe effect of Li+ ions as a transformation inducing agent on the yeast cell wall has been studied. Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, p63-DC5 with a native cell wall, and strain XCY42-30D(mnn1) which contains structural changes in the mannan-protein complex, were used. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has been used for the characterization of the yeast strains and for determination of the effect of lithium cations on the cell wall. A comparison of the carbohydrate absorption band positions in the 970–1185 cm−1 range, of Na+ and Li+ treated yeast cells has been estimated. Absorption band positions of the cell wall carbohydrates of p63-DC5 were not influenced by the studied ions. On the contrary, the treatment of XCY42-30D(mnn1) cells with Li+ ions shifted glucan band positions, implying that the cell wall structure of strain XCY42-30D(mnn1) is more sensitive to Li+ ion treatment.
Effect of APOE polymorphism on obesity and lipid profile in women of differing reproductive status
Authors: Luptákova Lenka , Siváková Daniela , Cvíčelová Marta 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the effect of apolipoprotein E polymorphism (APOE) on somatic and lipid risk parameters varies in women of differing reproductive status. We analyzed 447 Slovak women aged between 39 and 90 years. APOE genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP. Regression analysis confirmed the effect of the APOE genotype on the levels of LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (apoB), nonHDL-cholesterol and on the three atherogenic indices: apoB-to-apoA1, TC-to-HDLcholesterol, LDL-C-to-HDL-cholesterol. Here, lower mean levels were registered in the E2 carriers than in the E3 and E4 subgroups. However, the impact of menopausal status on lipid parameters was not confirmed. Bonferroni correction showed that systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the E4 carriers compared to the E3 group (P=0.017). Univariate analysis of covariance revealed a significant interaction between the menopausal group and the APOE group, and their common effect on waist-to-hipratio (WHR). Bonferroni correction in early postmenopausal women showed that the mean WHR values were significantly different between E2 and E4 groups (P=0.008). This study demonstrates that the E*2 allele has a protective effect against higher blood lipid levels. Moreover, the results suggest that E*2 could have a partial negative effect on WHR in early postmenopausal Slovak women.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) clones tolerant to salt stress: in vitro selection
Authors: Campanelli Angela , Ruta Claudia , Morone-Fortunato Irene , Mastro Giuseppe 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn order to quickly and efficiently evaluate the salt tolerance of alfalfa, salinity tests were conducted on Medicago sativa L. var. australis, var. icon, var. loi, and var. gea, under in vitro conditions. Pregerminated seeds of four varieties were subjected to five different NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). The influence of saline stress was estimated on the basis of survival percentage, growth parameters, and electrolyte leakage. The seedlings surviving on the medium enriched with salt at the highest concentration were presumed to be tolerant and represented the mother plants for the production of in vitro clones. In the following step, the clones were evaluated in vitro to confirm the salt tolerance. The influence of mild salt stress (75 mM NaCl) on the growth parameters of selected clones was examined. At the end of this trial, the proline accumulation and sodium content in alfalfa shoots were also quantified. The results suggest an increased level of proline promotes salt tolerance. Medicago sativa L. var. icon is highly tolerant in comparison with the other varieties tested. In vitro selection of M. sativa L. varieties on salt-containing media allowed us to obtain clones with increased salinity tolerance.
Temperature-dependent volumetric and viscometric properties of amino acids in aqueous solutions of an antibiotic drug
Authors: Chauhan Suvarcha , Chaudhary Poonam , Sharma Kundan , Kumar Kuldeep , Kiran  
Published: May 2013

AbstractVolumetric and viscometric properties of glycine and methionine (amino acids) in a 0.2 vol. % amikacin sulphate (antibiotic drug) aqueous solution with the molality range of 0.025 mol kg−1–0.25 mol kg−1 were measured over the temperature range of 20°C–40°C at the interval of 5°C. Different parameters like apparent molar volume (ϕ V), apparent molar adiabatic compression (ϕ κ), isentropic compression (κ S) along with other acoustical parameters were calculated. Parameters like viscous relaxation time (τ), free volume (V F), internal pressure (Π I), and molar cohesive energy (MCE) were calculated from dynamic viscosity measurements. The ϕ V values are positive in both cases, but with higher magnitude observed in methionine. These positive values of ϕ V are indicative of strong solute-solvent interactions at all temperatures. In case of methionine there is a sharp initial increase in the ϕ V values which become almost constant with further additions of the amino acid. Structural differences in the two amino acids studied are clearly reflected in the different nature of the plots of different parameters. In case of an amino acid-drug system, dynamic viscosity increase has been attributed to the increase in the hydrophilic-ionic and hydrophilic-hydrophilic interactions with the increase in the amino acid concentration which in turn may cause more frictional resistance to the flow of the solution. All other parameters are discussed in terms of solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions.
Synthesis of cinnamic acid-derived 4,5-dihydrooxazoles
Authors: Kronek Juraj , Nedelčev Tomáš , Mikulec Marcel , Kleinová Angela , Lustoň Jozef 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA range of cinnamic units containing 4,5-dihydrooxazoles was prepared using two different synthetic routes. The first method was based on the transformation of substituted cinnamic or benzoic acids to 2-styryl-4,5-dihydrooxazoles. Several derivatives containing phenolic groups were prepared in this manner. The second approach consisted of a reaction between the 4,5-dihydrooxazole moiety and double bond-containing compounds. These compounds contain two or more reactive centres capable of providing polymerisations and also organic reactions.
Alternative two-step route to khellactone analogues using silica tungstic acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate
Authors: Karami Bahador , Khodabakhshi Saeed , Eskandari Khalil 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA series of coumarins was synthesised via the silica tungstic acid-catalysed Pechmann reaction; some of these were employed for known three-component reactions with aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile in the presence of sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) as a basic catalyst, affording a variety of potentially anti-HIV active khellactone analogues.
Challenges in the surgical management of spine trauma in the morbidly obese patient: a case series
Authors: Rosenfeld Hannah E. , Limb Rebecca , Chan Patrick , Fitzgerald Mark , Bradley William Pierre Litherland , Rosenfeld Jeffrey V. 
Published: May 2013

Object
The treatment of morbidly obese individuals with spine trauma presents unique challenges to spine surgeons and trauma staff. This study aims to increase awareness of current limitations in the surgical management of spine trauma in morbidly obese individuals, and to illustrate practical solutions.

Methods
Six morbidly obese patients were treated surgically for spine trauma over a 2-year period at a single trauma center in Australia. All patients were involved in high-speed motor vehicle accidents and had multisystem injuries. All weighed in excess of 265 pounds (120 kg) with a body mass index ≥ 40 (range 47.8–67.1). Cases were selected according to the considerable challenges they presented in all aspects of their management.

Results
Best medical and surgical care may be compromised and outcome adversely affected in morbidly obese patients with spine trauma. The time taken to perform all aspects of care is usually extended, often by many hours. Customized orthotics may be required. Imaging quality is often compromised and patients may not fit into scanners. Surgical challenges include patient positioning, surgical access, confirmation of the anatomical level, and obtaining adequate instrument length. Postoperative nursing care, wound healing, and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis are also significant issues.

Conclusions
Management pathways and hospital guidelines should be developed to optimize the treatment of morbidly obese patients, but innovative solutions may be required for individual cases.
L'exigence d'une gouvernance mondiale
Authors: Zerah Dov 
Published: May 2013

Faut-il avoir peur de la mondialisation ? Passer de 7 à 9-10 milliards d’habitants d’ici 2050, place l’humanité face un défi immense. Les risques auxquels la planète est confrontée – risques systémiques, géographiques et liés à la mondialisation elle-même – ne peuvent être maîtrisés que par davantage d’organisation et de coordination entre États. Pour relever ces risques, la communauté internationale doit édicter de nouvelles règles de gestion collective. Une nouvelle gouvernance mondiale est nécessaire.
Fragilité et bienveillance, les deux enjeux clés du management
Authors: Samuel Frère 
Published: May 2013

La pression économique est devenue telle que la quête du bonheur par la satisfaction des besoins matériels aboutit à une impasse. Il faut réinventer notre monde en se guidant sur deux notions clés : la fragilité et la bienveillance.
La relativité des pratiques d'analyse et de prise d'une décision risquée en question : les cas des banques françaises implantées en Bulgarie
Authors: Raytcheva Stela , Said Karim 
Published: May 2013

Ce papier se propose de comparer les modes d’analyse et de prise d’une décision risquée dans le cadre d’octroi de crédit de deux banques françaises et leurs filiales bulgares. Nos résultats confirment l’hypothèse de « cross-vergence » internationale des modes d’octroi de crédit. Si certaines pratiques occidentales managériales et de traitement du risque semblent aisément transférables d’un pays à un autre, il s’avère que des différences socioculturelles subsistent et impactent le comportement des acteurs locaux. Il ressort ainsi de notre recherche que les différences de pratiques entre le pays d’origine et le pays d’implantation peuvent s’expliquer tant par des différences en termes de développement de l’environnement institutionnel et économique, que par les valeurs individuelles face au risque propres aux employés des filiales bulgares.
L'image du magasin : définition, effets, mesure et perspectives de recherche
Authors: Bèzes Christophe 
Published: May 2013

Les magasins peuvent être analysés en mobilisant des concepts qui paraissent souvent interchangeables : image, qualité, atmosphère, personnalité ou expérience. Cette revue de littérature montre que ces concepts sont liés mais bien distincts. L’étude d’image semble plus particulièrement appropriée pour expliquer la sélection d’un magasin, dans le cadre d’achats planifiés et à partir de critères essentiellement cognitifs.
Les formes de résistance parentale à la consommation enfantine et au kids marketing
Authors: Nabec Lydiane 
Published: May 2013

Cet article explore les motivations et les manifestations de la résistance parentale à la consommation enfantine et au kids marketing à partir d’une étude qualitative réalisée dans le domaine des jouets. Trois formes de résistance parentale sont identifiées - « engagée », « nostalgique » ou « situationnelle » - avec plusieurs manifestations. Il en découle des implications stratégiques pour les marques sur le marché des jouets.
Wage Bargaining, Vertical Differentiation and Intra-Industry Trade Liberalization
Authors: Bacchiega Emanuele 
Published: May 2013

Cet article évalue les effets de la libéralisation des échanges entre deux industries qui ont différentes dotations de main-d’œuvre qualifiée. La main-d’œuvre qualifiée est nécessaire pour la production des variantes de qualité élevée d’un bien différencié verticalement. Les dotations main-d’œuvre qualifiée, par conséquent, minent le schéma de spécialisation des industries ainsi que la structure des marchés, tant pour le marché des biens finaux que pour le marché du travail. Nous analysons comment l’intégration économique ou bénéficie ou porte préjudice aux agents dans les industries en étudiant les liens entre les marchés du travail et des produits et montrons que des pertes bilatérales suivantes l’ouverture du commerce peuvent émerger à l’équilibre. Classification JEL : L13, J51, F16.
Firm Dynamics and Employment Adjustment: Multinational vs Domestic Firms
Authors: Blanchard Pierre , Dhyne Emmanuel , Fuss Catherine , Mathieu Claude 
Published: May 2013

La crise économique et financière actuelle a causé de nombreuses pertes d’emploi, à la suite de différents mécanismes d’ajustement dans les entreprises domestiques et les multinationales. Ces mécanismes s’opèrent soit au travers de fermetures d’unités de production, soit de réductions d’effectifs par des entreprises qui continuent à opérer. Cet article évalue l’importance de ces deux processus en comparant les multinationales et les entreprises domestiques belges au cours de la période précédant la crise (1997-2008). L’analyse économétrique réalisée utilise des données individuelles d’entreprises. Nos résultats font apparaître que les multinationales ont tendance à quitter plus fréquemment le marché local que les entreprises domestiques présentant des caractéristiques comparables. Par ailleurs, les multinationales en activité sont confrontées à des coûts d’ajustement de l’emploi des travailleurs en col blanc qui sont environ deux fois moins élevés que ceux supportés par les entreprises domestiques. Nos résultats suggèrent donc que les multinationales sont plus flexibles tant sur le plan de la localisation que de l’ajustement de l’emploi. Toutefois, le processus d’ajustement a pu jouer dans l’autre sens. En effet, avant la crise, les multinationales étrangères ont créé en moyenne plus d’emplois que leurs concurrentes domestiques. Classification JEL : F23, J23.