bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online retail nudges to help parents with lower‐income choose healthy beverages for their children: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rummo Pasquale E. , Seet Carla , Reimold Alexandria E. , Duffy Emily W. , Prestemon Carmen E. , Hall Marissa G. , Bragg Marie A. , Taillie Lindsey Smith 
Published: July 2024

SummaryBackgroundNudges offer a promising tool to reduce sugary drink intake among children who are most at risk for diet‐related disease.ObjectiveTo examine the impact of online store nudges on purchases of sugary drinks for children in lower‐income households.MethodsCaregivers with lower‐income were recruited to an online shopping experiment and instructed to spend $10–$30 on three beverages for their child aged 1–5 years. Participants were randomized to navigate an online supermarket in its standard version (n = 1106) or a version with nudges (n = 1135), including a product placement nudge (i.e. placing healthy beverages in prominent positions) and a swap nudge (i.e. offering a swap of water, plain milk and/or 100% fruit juice upon selection of sugary drinks).ResultsOn average, participants purchased 1887 (SD = 2113) and 620 (SD = 1528) calories from sugary drinks per basket in the control and experimental conditions, respectively. Model‐based results indicate that those in the experimental condition purchased 1267 (95% CI: 1419, 1114) fewer calories from sugary drinks, and fewer grams of total sugar (β = −253.5 g (95% CI: −286.3, −220.6)) and added sugar (β = −287.8 g (95% CI: −323.1, −252.5)) purchased from sugary drinks.ConclusionNudges may be an effective, acceptable, scalable strategy for leading caregivers in lower‐income households to purchase fewer sugary drinks for their children.
Improving pressure injury risk assessment using real‐world data from skilled nursing facilities: A cohort study
Authors: Wynn Matthew Oliver , Goldstone Lucas , Gupta Rishabh , Allport Justin , Fraser Robert D. J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to improve the predictive accuracy of the Braden assessment for pressure injury risk in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) by incorporating real‐world data and training a survival model. A comprehensive analysis of 126 384 SNF stays and 62 253 in‐house pressure injuries was conducted using a large calibrated wound database. This study employed a time‐varying Cox Proportional Hazards model, focusing on variations in Braden scores, demographic data and the history of pressure injuries. Feature selection was executed through a forward‐backward process to identify significant predictive factors. The study found that sensory and moisture Braden subscores were minimally contributive and were consequently discarded. The most significant predictors of increased pressure injury risk were identified as a recent (within 21 days) decrease in Braden score, low subscores in nutrition, friction and activity, and a history of pressure injuries. The model demonstrated a 10.4% increase in predictive accuracy compared with traditional Braden scores, indicating a significant improvement. The study suggests that disaggregating Braden scores and incorporating detailed wound histories and demographic data can substantially enhance the accuracy of pressure injury risk assessments in SNFs. This approach aligns with the evolving trend towards more personalized and detailed patient care. These findings propose a new direction in pressure injury risk assessment, potentially leading to more effective and individualized care strategies in SNFs. The study highlights the value of large‐scale data in wound care, suggesting its potential to enhance quantitative approaches for pressure injury risk assessment and supporting more accurate, data‐driven clinical decision‐making.
Facilitating learners' self‐assessment during formative writing tasks using writing analytics toolkit
Authors: Tang Luzhen , Shen Kejie , Le Huixiao , Shen Yuan , Tan Shufang , Zhao Yueying , Juelich Torsten , Li Xinyu , Gašević Dragan , Fan Yizhou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundLearners' writing skills are critical to their academic and professional development. Previous studies have shown that learners' self‐assessment during writing is essential for assessing their writing products and monitoring their writing processes. However, conducting practical self‐assessments of writing remains challenging for learners without help, such as formative feedback.ObjectivesTo facilitate learners' self‐assessment in writing, we developed a writing analytics toolkit and used data visualisation and cutting‐edge machine learning technology that provides real‐time and formative feedback to learners.MethodsTo investigate whether our newly‐developed tool affects the accuracy and process of learners' self‐assessment, we conducted a lab study. We assigned 59 learners to complete writing (2 h) and revising (1 h) tasks. During the revision stage, we randomly assigned the learners to two groups: one group used the writing analytics toolkit while the second group was not granted access to the toolkit. Learners' self‐assessment accuracy and process of self‐assessment were compared between the two groups.ResultsIn our study, we found the toolkit helped learners in the experimental group improve the self‐assessment accuracy of their writing products compared to the learners in the control group. In addition, we also found that the affordances of the toolkit affected the learners' self‐assessment process, and poor design affordances may have prevented the learners from reflecting by themselves.ConclusionsTogether, our empirical study shed light on the design of future writing analytics tools which aim at improving learners' self‐assessment during formative writing processes.
Relationship between sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and atrial fibrillation recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with type 2 diabetes and persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Qi Dan , Guan Xiaonan , Liu Xiaoqing , Liu Lifeng , Liu Zheng , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on the postoperative recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with persistent AF undergoing an initial radiofrequency ablation is not yet established. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on the recurrence of AF after radiofrequency ablation in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated persistent AF.MethodsA total of 182 patients with type 2 diabetes and persistent AF, who underwent their first radiofrequency ablation for AF at our center, were enrolled and divided into two groups: the SGLT2 inhibitor group and the non‐SGLT2 inhibitor group. The main outcome of the follow‐up was the postoperative recurrence of AF.ResultsA total of 49 participants experienced AF recurrence. The use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent AF ablation was associated with a significantly lower risk of AF recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.65; 95% confidence interval: 0.28–0.83; p < .01).ConclusionsThe use of SGLT2 inhibitors is associated with a decreased risk of arrhythmia recurrence after AF ablation in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with persistent AF.
Factors affect knowledge, attitudes, and practices in colorectal cancer screening: A systematic review
Authors: Rehman Shaista , Al‐Alawi Kouthar Sulaiman , Chan Moon Fai , Al‐Busafi Said A. , AlZaabi Adhari , Al‐Hinai Mustafa , Al‐Masqari Mohammad , Shalaby Asem , Al‐Azri Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on exploring various factors that affect knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening.MethodsA systematic search across five databases was performed to identify factors influencing KAP scores towards CRC screening. The PRISMA guidelines were used to conduct the literature search, and the time spanned is from March to June 2023. The search included observational studies published between January 2000 and June 2023 that met the predetermined review criteria. Data were extracted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal checklist to evaluate the quality of the articles.ResultsOut of 16,904 records, 1174 articles were reviewed in full text, resulting in 43 high‐quality studies included based on the JBI checklist. These studies assessed knowledge (42), attitudes (26), and practices (11) related to CRC screening. Key factors to improving KAP towards CRC screening in the general public were sociodemographic, social media influence, and physician recommendations. For healthcare professionals, factors promoting KAP included screening methods, guidelines, qualifications, and understanding of CRC screening. Educators lacked awareness of CRC symptoms and needed training to teach CRC screening and prevention. Pharmacists showed positive attitudes towards early CRC detection but had varying knowledge levels.ConclusionsKAP towards CRC screening is suboptimal among the general public, healthcare professionals, students, educators, and pharmacists worldwide. Routine CRC screening counselling is paramount to improving screening rates. Continuous medical education and training programmes are essential for healthcare professionals to enhance their KAP towards CRC screening. Students and university teachers should be educated and trained about CRC screening to improve their knowledge and foster positive behavioural changes. These comprehensive measures are critical for establishing an effective screening programme.
In‐depth assessment of steatotic liver disease awareness in high‐risk groups
Authors: Özdede Murat , Güven Alper Tuna , Eroğlu Burcu Çelik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to determine the awareness levels and factors affecting it, along with prevalent misconceptions about Steatotic Liver Disease (SLD) among participants with high‐risk indicators.MethodsA questionnaire with open‐ended questions was utilized. Participants were recruited from two general internal medicine outpatient clinics, focusing on those with high‐risk indicators for SLD. Data collection involved a questionnaire covering demographic information, self‐reported clinical conditions, and open‐ended questions about SLD awareness. Key focus areas included misconceptions, thematic awareness, and the relationship between awareness and educational attainment.ResultsThe study involved 228 participants, predominantly female (70.4%), with an average age of 53.8 years. Only 33.7% showed a comprehensive understanding of all aspects of SLD. However, 90.4% provided some accurate information, though often limited or incomplete. Higher education and awareness of SLD risks were key predictors of better understanding. The logistic regression model, with an accuracy of 0.76 and recall of 0.84, found higher education inversely related to low awareness. Common misconceptions highlighted included the belief that polypharmacy or certain medications cause SLD, fatigue as an effect, and increased water intake as a treatment. Notably, seven patients mentioned artichoke consumption as a potential treatment.ConclusionThe findings highlight the gap between comprehensive and partial awareness of SLD among high‐risk individuals. Educational level and informed understanding of SLD risks are crucial for improving awareness, emphasizing the need for specialized educational efforts and risk communication to high‐risk patients.
The greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction potential of ICT: A critical review of telecommunication companies’ GHG enablement assessments
Authors: Bieser Jan C. T. , Coroamă Vlad C. , Bergmark Pernilla , Stürmer Matthias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor about a decade, telecommunication network operators (TNOs) have explored the potential greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions their customers can achieve by using TNO services (e.g., by substituting physical travel with video conferencing), the so‐called GHG enablement. Some TNOs also calculate a GHG enablement factor, which is the ratio between the GHG enablement and their own GHG footprint. Since GHG enablements usually exceed the footprint, they create the narrative that TNOs contribute to GHG reductions across society. In this paper, we systematically analyze TNO GHG enablement claims and the underlying methodological approaches. We find several methodological shortcomings and inconsistencies, such as different sets of TNO services considered, inconsistent system boundaries, potential double counting of GHG reductions, and a disregard for rebound effects. Most importantly, TNO assessments focus exclusively on those services likely to yield GHG reductions, neglecting possible GHG‐increasing services. We conclude that current GHG enablement (factors) do not accurately and comprehensively represent TNOs’ overall GHG impacts and create a flawed picture. To provide a reliable decision basis to stakeholders such as TNOs themselves, customers, investors, and policymakers, we provide eight recommendations on how to substantially improve the methodological basis.
Deep learning for quantifying spatial patterning and formation process of early differentiated human‐induced pluripotent stem cells with micropattern images
Authors: Chu Slo‐Li , Abe Kuniya , Yokota Hideo , Cho Dooseon , Hayashi Yohei , Tsai Ming‐Dar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicropatterning is reliable method for quantifying pluripotency of human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that differentiate to form a spatial pattern of sorted, ordered and nonoverlapped three germ layers on the micropattern. In this study, we propose a deep learning method to quantify spatial patterning of the germ layers in the early differentiation stage of hiPSCs using micropattern images. We propose decoding and encoding U‐net structures learning labelled Hoechst (DNA‐stained) hiPSC regions with corresponding Hoechst and bright‐field micropattern images to segment hiPSCs on Hoechst or bright‐field images. We also propose a U‐net structure to extract extraembryonic regions on a micropattern, and an algorithm to compares intensities of the fluorescence images staining respective germ‐layer cells and extract their regions. The proposed method thus can quantify the pluripotency of a hiPSC line with spatial patterning including cell numbers, areas and distributions of germ‐layer and extraembryonic cells on a micropattern, and reveal the formation process of hiPSCs and germ layers in the early differentiation stage by segmenting live‐cell bright‐field images. In our assay, the cell‐number accuracy achieved 86% and 85%, and the cell region accuracy 89% and 81% for segmenting Hoechst and bright‐field micropattern images, respectively. Applications to micropattern images of multiple hiPSC lines, micropattern sizes, groups of markers, living and fixed cells show the proposed method can be expected to be a useful protocol and tool to quantify pluripotency of a new hiPSC line before providing it to the scientific community.
A novel compound alleviates oxidative stress via PKA/CREB1‐mediated DJ‐1 upregulation
Authors: Pan Hong , Huang Maoxin , Zhu Chenxiang , Lin Suzhen , He Lu , Shen Ruinan , Chen Yimeng , Fang Fang , Qiu Yinghui , Qin Meiling , Bao Puhua , Tan Yuyan , Xu Jin , Ding Jianqing , Chen Shengdi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOxidative stress is one of the major culprits causing dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). DJ‐1 is a protein with multiple actions against oxidative stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, etc. DJ‐1 expression is decreased in sporadic PD, therefore increasing DJ‐1 expression might be beneficial in PD treatment. However, drugs known to upregulate DJ‐1 are still lacking. In this study, we identified a novel DJ‐1‐elevating compound called ChemJ through luciferase assay‐based high‐throughput compound screening in SH‐SY5Y cells and confirmed that ChemJ upregulated DJ‐1 in SH‐SY5Y cell line and primary cortical neurons. DJ‐1 upregulation by ChemJ alleviated MPP+‐induced oxidative stress. In exploring the underlying mechanisms, we found that the transcription factor CREB1 bound to DJ‐1 promoter and positively regulated its expression under both unstressed and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium‐induced oxidative stress conditions and that ChemJ promoted DJ‐1 expression via activating PKA/CREB1 pathway in SH‐SY5Y cells. Our results demonstrated that ChemJ alleviated the MPP+‐induced oxidative stress through a PKA/CREB1‐mediated regulation of DJ‐1 expression, thus offering a novel and promising avenue for PD treatment.image
Loan guarantees and SMEs' investments under asymmetric information and Bayesian learning
Authors: Luo Pengfei , Wang Huamao , Yang Zhaojun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe develop a dynamic investment model with loan guarantees wherein insurers face information disadvantages and learn about borrower quality. Borrowers signal their qualities through investment timing, which is characterized by the investment threshold and elapsed time. We derive the conditions for separating or pooling equilibria. We show that the separating investment threshold is constant and determined mainly by the maximum threshold preventing mimicry. If project risk is higher (lower) than the market growth rate, the pooling investment threshold declines (increases) with elapsed time, and learning enhances (reduces) the willingness of high‐quality borrowers to wait. Learning alleviates adverse selection and reduces guarantee costs. These effects are more pronounced with a greater uncertainty of the insurer on borrower quality. We reveal dual effects of waiting. The worse the market prospect, the higher the value of waiting in pooling outcomes. Fee‐for‐guarantee swaps are superior to equity‐for‐guarantee swaps in environments with marked information asymmetry.
Exploring the role of E. faecalis enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (EPA) and lipoproteins in evasion of phagocytosis
Authors: Norwood Joshua S. , Davis Jessica L. , Salamaga Bartłomiej , Moss Charlotte E. , Johnston Simon A. , Elks Philip M. , Kiss‐Toth Endre , Mesnage Stéphane 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen frequently causing nosocomial infections. The virulence of this organism is underpinned by its capacity to evade phagocytosis, allowing dissemination in the host. Immune evasion requires a surface polysaccharide produced by all enterococci, known as the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (EPA). EPA consists of a cell wall‐anchored rhamnose backbone substituted by strain‐specific polysaccharides called ‘decorations’, essential for the biological activity of this polymer. However, the structural determinants required for innate immune evasion remain unknown, partly due to a lack of suitable validated assays. Here, we describe a quantitative, in vitro assay to investigate how EPA decorations alter phagocytosis. Using the E. faecalis model strain OG1RF, we demonstrate that a mutant with a deletion of the locus encoding EPA decorations can be used as a platform strain to express heterologous decorations, thereby providing an experimental system to investigate the inhibition of phagocytosis by strain‐specific decorations. We show that the aggregation of cells lacking decorations is increasing phagocytosis and that this process does not involve the recognition of lipoproteins by macrophages. Collectively, our work provides novel insights into innate immune evasion by enterococci and paves the way for further studies to explore the structure/function relationship of EPA decorations.
Metabolic dysfunction−associated liver disease and diabetes: Matrix remodeling, fibrosis, and therapeutic implications
Authors: Fan Weiguo , Bradford Toby M. , Török Natalie J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction−associated liver disease (MASLD) and steatohepatitis (MASH) are becoming the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the United States and worldwide due to the obesity and diabetes epidemics. It is estimated that by 2030 close to 100 million people might be affected and patients with type 2 diabetes are especially at high risk. Twenty to 30% of patients with MASLD can progress to MASH, which is characterized by steatosis, necroinflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and in advanced cases, fibrosis progressing to cirrhosis. Clinically, it is recognized that disease progression in diabetic patients is accelerated and the role of various genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as cell–matrix interactions in fibrosis and stromal remodeling, have recently been recognized. While there has been great progress in drug development and clinical trials for MASLD/MASH, the complexity of these pathways highlights the need to improve diagnosis/early detection and develop more successful antifibrotic therapies that not only prevent but reverse fibrosis.
Glycosylation mode of phloretin affects the morphology and stress resistance of apple plant
Authors: Wang Haojie , Jian Liru , Wang Zhipeng , Jiao Yu , Wang Yuzhu , Ma Fengwang , Li Pengmin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhloretin has different glycosylation modes in plants. Phlorizin (phloretin 2′‐O‐glucoside) is one of the glycosylation products of phloretin, and accumulates abundantly in apple plants. However, it is still unclear whether phlorizin is more beneficial for apple plants compared with other glycosylation products of phloretin. We created transgenic apple plants with different glycosylation modes of phloretin. In transgenic plants, the accumulation of phlorizin was partly replaced by that of trilobatin (phloretin 4′‐O‐glucoside) or phloretin 3′,5′‐di‐C‐glycoside. Compared with wild type, transgenic plants with less phlorizin showed dwarf phenotype, larger stomatal size, higher stomatal density and less tolerance to drought stress. Transcriptome and phytohormones assay indicate that phlorizin might regulate stomatal development and behaviour via controlling auxin and abscisic acid signalling pathways as well as carbonic anhydrase expressions. Transgenic apple plants with less phlorizin also showed less resistance to spider mites. Apple plants may hydrolyse phlorizin to produce phloretin, but cannot hydrolyse trilobatin or phloretin 3′,5′‐di‐C‐glycoside. Compared with its glycosylation products, phloretin is more toxic to spider mites. These results suggest that the glycosylation of phloretin to produce phlorizin is the optimal glycosylation mode in apple plants, and plays an important role in apple resistance to stresses.
On the use of the term “real risk”
Authors: Flage Roger , Aven Terje , Glette‐Iversen Ingrid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe term “real risk” and variations of this term are commonly used in everyday speech and writing, and in the scientific literature. There are mainly two types of use: i) in statements about what the real risk related to an activity is and ii) in statements about the risk related to an activity being real. The former type of use has been extensively discussed in the literature, whereas the latter type has received less attention. In the present study, we review both types of use and analyze and discuss potential meanings of type ii) statements. We conclude that it is reasonable to interpret a statement about the risk being real as reflecting a judgement that there is some risk and that the knowledge supporting this statement is relatively strong. However, such a statement does not convey whether the risk is small or large and needs to be supplemented by a characterization of the risk.