bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Performance of Nuclear Reactor Structure Through Soil Structure Interaction
Authors: Thakur Bhairav , Desai Atul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study examines the seismic performance of nuclear containment structures on a layered fine sand to Hard rock. The research explores the intricate dynamics of nonlinear soil behaviour during earthquakes and its significant impact on soil-structure interactions. This analysis considers the inherent nonlinearity of the containment structure and the soil under various conditions, utilizing models such as the heterogeneous elastic soil model and heterogeneous mech mohr model. These models incorporate varying properties and are implemented using the FLAC3D software. Notably, the proportions of the heterogeneous soil model, silty clayey soil model, and dense sand soil model are 83.17%, 85.42%, and 25.93%, respectively. An interesting observation is that the silty clayey model exhibits a higher poisson’s ratio (0.42) than the Hard Rock Model (0.24), resulting in a lower vertical stress azz
in the Silty Clayey Model. The study found that some soil models are more effective under certain loading conditions. This provides new insights into how to best apply these models for accurate soil-structure interaction (SSI) modelling. This enhanced understanding of the capabilities of different soil models under various conditions is valuable for future research and has significant implications for practical applications in geotechnical earthquake engineering, especially for the safety of nuclear structure in seismic-prone regions.
Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing structures in Nepal
Authors: Thakur Rupendra , Lallotra Balwinder 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In Nepal, there are roughly 82,000 structures that are home to over 33,000 schools, of which over 60,000 need seismic upgrading. National and worldwide communities are becoming more aware of the necessity of enhancing buildings earthquake safety. The experiences, difficulties, and lessons discovered while conducting a school retrofitting program in Nepal are highlighted in this study using repeatable models. This report covers the experiences, difficulties, and lessons discovered while conducting a building retrofitting program in Nepal using replicable models. The article offers ideas for the structural repair and/or strengthening of structures located in Nepal that are exposed to a 7+ magnitude earthquake that is anticipated to strike the city. Historical masonry structures were built with more traditional mortars, such as lime, surkhi, mix, etc. An adequate repair and restoration of the structure’s stability was carried out following the first survey and structural analysis in the SAP2000 program, which was followed by an appropriate retrofitting approach. Unreinforced masonry (URM ), We can confirm that masonry structures that were built in poor compliance with building codes, poor construction practices, poor construction materials, inadequate joint connections, and houses with stories added up to satisfy the expanding family in core urban areas suffered significant damages during earthquakes by observing the characteristics of structures that failed to withstand the ground shaking. The 2015 earthquake caused significant damage to historical masonry structures in addition to residential building
Strength, Serviceability, and Anchorage of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer and Carbon Fiber Composite Prestressing Tendons
Authors: Lucena Joe Robert Paul G. , Carabbacan Aaron Paul I. , Manggapis Franklyn F. , Kumar Sanjie Dutt , Cruz Orlean G. Dela 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and Carbon Fiber composite cable (CFCC) are common types of prestressing member reinforcement. This paper determines the properties of CFRP and CFCC in terms of strength limit, serviceability, and anchorage, which are the primary considerations in designing tendons. The first method in conducting this review is formulating research questions concerning the innovative materials in prestressing tendons and determining behavior and physical properties. The execution used the three-step procedure to retrieve a publication or journal relevant to prestressed concrete tendons and research databases like Google Scholar and EBSCO. In the consolidation of results, it has been found that CFRP exhibits higher tensile strength than CFCC. The serviceability and performance of both CFRP and CFCC were the same as traditional steel reinforcement used in prestressed beams. In anchorage of CFRP and CFCC, the composite bonding wedge is observed to be 100% efficient since it has the same stress capacity as the CFRP tendon.
Experimental Study on Self Healing Concrete by using the Silicon Dioxide Nano Particles and Crystalline Admixture
Authors: Sravanthi M. , Sashidhar C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the self-healing ability of fiber-reinforced concrete (M40) has been analyzed with Nano SiO2 particles (NS) as a replacement in cement, crystalline admixture (CCA) as an additive in cement and exposed for four different types of environmental exposures i.e., Water immersion (WI), Wet/Dry cycles(WD), Water contact (WC), Air exposure (AE). Specimens for eight mixes were cast, two of them are plain concrete with one of them containing 1% crystalline admixture (CCA) and the other with absence of crystalline admixture (CCA). Further Nano Silica mixes were also cast with and without CCA. Three of the mixes were having Nano silica replacement at 1%, 2% & 3% and the other were replaced with both CCA at 1% and Nano silica at 1%, 2% & 3%. The specimens were cured for 28 days, followed by crack induction in the range of 0.10-0.40 mm, and they were set for healing process. Post 42 days of healing process, healing ability of specimens were evaluated and the result shows that all the mixes have a considerable amount of healing ability and strength-regaining capability for all exposure conditions. The specimens with 2% Nano silica and 1% CCA has complete crack healing ability and 100% strength recovery for WI and WD cycle conditions.
Improving sustainability of concrete construction with jarosite-based recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Khan Rizwan Ahmad , Ali Afroz , Khan Iqbal Khaleel , Azhan Mohd , Jabar Shahid , Alam Atif 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, the impacts of substituting jarosite for a portion of the cement in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were examined. In place of some of the cement in concrete, jarosite, a waste product of the zinc manufacturing sector, has been used. The performance of Jarosite in recycled aggregate concrete has been investigated experimentally in terms of the fresh properties of the concrete and the properties of hardened concrete in terms of mechanical and durability properties, such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, water absorption and non-destructive test of the concrete. The technique uses five different mixes in total, one of which is the control mix, and rest was made by substituting jarosite for a portion of the cement in amounts of 0, 10, 15, and 20% in RAC. It was discovered that adding jarosite did not significantly change the properties of fresh concrete because they were still well within the required range. The mechanical qualities of RAC were found to improve when the percentage of Jarosite was increased by up to 15%, according to laboratory tests. Additionally, compared to the control concrete mix, the durability qualities of the Jarosite mixture performed better, and the moisture absorbing capabilities also enhanced. As a result of the study, it is possible to utilise up to 15% of jarosite in place of cement in recycled aggregate concrete without sacrificing the concrete’s engineering quality.
Preliminary Development of Mycelium Based Sustainable Construction Material Out of Agricultural Waste
Authors: Yogi Himanshu , Mittal Yash Kumar , Shrivastav Sandeep 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Agriculture, with its allied sectors, is India's largest source of livelihood. Since independence, this sector has been one of the key contributors to the economic upliftment of the country. Being an agro-based economy, primarily the technological innovations, infrastructural developments and policies framed by the government were focused on improving traditional farming methods, crop yields, fertilizers production, knowing weather and soil conditions etc., for the betterment of the farmers. Simultaneously, with the upliftment of the agriculture industry, issues related to improper management of crop residue and deliberate burning down of agricultural waste are surfacing as a prominent environmental challenge. Burning of crop residue accounts for a significant contributor to India’s total GHG (Green House Gas) emissions. The recent events of burning Parali (Rice Husk) in the northern states have had a worsening effect on the Air Quality Index (AQI) of the Delhi & National Capital Region (NCR). To prevent the burning of crop residue, various research and development works are being conducted to provide a better alternative of burning residue. Research on creating wealth from agricultural waste has explored various technologies and methods for managing the waste through the preparation of the handmade paper, Biochar, soil-less plantation, mushroom cultivation etc. Based on the study of mushroom cultivation using crop residue and agricultural waste in construction, this paper reviews the prospects of creating mycelium-based sustainable construction material out of agricultural waste.
Urban Heat Island and Building Energy Consumption
Authors: Panwar Manoj , Jindal Sakshi , Sneh  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The change of natural land cover to impervious surfaces, dense built forms in cities causes built areas to experience high temperature than surrounding suburbs. This leads to urban heat island phenomenon which affects the microclimate. Despite the various studies supporting the importance of urban fabric, there is still a need to demonstrate how the urban surfaces can impact the temperature of surrounding areas. The purpose of this study is to determine the temperature change due to urban fabric by analyzing the role of materials having different albedo, reflectance and vegetation in changing the air and surface temperatures within a city. Existing case of an institutional campus (State University of Visual and Performing Arts, Rohtak, India) is undertaken for examining the temperature change at different urban surfaces by using the ENVI-met simulation software. The study area is analyzed for two scenarios involving the existing case (EC), proposed case (PC) scenario to understand the impact of different surface materials and vegetation on temperature. Surface and air temperature in both scenarios are extracted at two different heights-pedestrian level and canopy level. It is analyzed that different urban surfaces and construction materials play an effective role in varying the surface temperature and heat island intensities. Result shows potential benefits of increasing the albedo and reflectivity of pavements and roofs inside the city which helps in lowering surface temperature of walls and roofs and also lowering the air temperature around the surfaces. Along with this, vegetation also play an important role by creating a cooler environment by shading and reducing the surfaces temperature of built surfaces in an area. Therefore, adapting to essential urban green strategies can save city’s future from risks of urban heat islands.
Feasibility Study on use of Jarosite and Waste Marble Slurry in Rigid Pavement Construction
Authors: Gared Om Prakash , Gaur Arun , Khichad Jeetendra Singh , Balotiya Ghanshyam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Jarosite is a hazardous waste material produced during hydrometallurgy operations in the extraction of zinc ore. This hazardous Jarosite is harmful to humans as well as aquatic life. It is not disposed of directly due to guidelines of the government of India which is why 2% lime and 10% cement by weight of Jarosite are mixed with Jarosite for making a non-hazardous material Jarofix. The waste marble slurry (WMS) is generated during the cutting of marble blocks in factories. This fine WMS creates environmental problems in nearby areas of factories. In this study, cement was replaced with Jarosite, and fine aggregates (river sand) were replaced with WMS in rigid pavement concrete. One control and four replacement mixes were cast in the laboratory. In the replacement mixes, cement was partially substituted by Jarosite at a 10% constant rate, and fine aggregates were partially substituted by waste marble slurry in varying percent of 0 to 30 at an interval of 10%. A water to binder ratio (w/b) of 0.35 is opted for mix design. All five mixes were tested for fresh and mechanical properties of rigid pavement concrete and results were analysed with a control mix. The laboratory experiment reveals that both Jarosite and WMS reduced concrete workability. The study does show, however, that mixing 10% Jarosite with conventional Portland cement and replacing 20% of Fine Aggregates with WMS improves the mechanical properties of rigid pavement concrete. These results indicate that jarosite and WMS can be substituted for cement and Fine Aggregates at precise percentage levels.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Dimensional Limestone Slurry Waste
Authors: Mandolia Ramswaroop , Kalla Pawan , Nagar Ravindra , Meena Ram Vilas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Dimensional Limestone Slurry (DLSS) waste is the sludge or slurry that is produced during grinding, polishing, and cutting of limestone. Water is used to cool and lubricate cutting blades and polishing tools, mixing stone particles with water to generate a slurry. The possibility of utilizing DLSS waste as a primary constituent for concrete production and the manufacture of construction materials such as tiles, bricks, and paving blocks. Through the process of recycling slurry waste, there is a reduction in the demand for natural resources and a reduction in the environmental consequences related to conventional construction materials. This paper reports the findings of an investigation of the fresh properties, hardened states, thermal properties like thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of self-compacting concrete (SCC) incorporating DLSS. Fine aggregate was replaced by DLSS from 0% to 100% with a 15% increase up to 60%, and from 80% to 100% with a 20% increase. Seven different SCC mixtures were cast with a cement content of 550 kg/m3 and a water-cement ratio of 0.33 by weight. The inclusion of DLSS at a maximum of 30% resulted in favorable parameters in self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixtures.
Development of Trip Generation Model Using Linear Regression for Areas in Hyderabad City
Authors: Sreeparvathy C M , Rathan R T Arjun Siva , Jayakesh K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Trip generation represent the measure of motive of travel and is an important parameter for predicting the future number of trips. In Indian scenario; trip generation tables that show relation between the trips originating from a specific land-use based on the number of units or on the floor area as in ITE manual is unavailable. The trips initiated from Veterinary colony, Shaikpet in Hyderabad and their contributing attributes are observed for the purpose of the study. Finding a trip generation model based on the observed parameters is the goal of this project. Characteristics that could contribute to trip generation, along with frequency of trip and other features of trips were taken as the data for generating a trip based model. Online survey through Google forms was adopted to gather the required data for trip generation model. The Google form was developed keeping in view of the parameters that would be required for the development of the model that includes distance, time of travel, mode and socio-economic background of the trip maker. For the trip generation model, linear regression analysis was chosen as the analytical method. In order to predict the trip generation pattern of individuals, the degree of correlation of the dependent variables on other independent variables, such as age, gender, income, travel time, travel cost, etc., was examined. Using R software’s statistical analysis tools, the obtained data were examined, and the best fitting answer was discovered based on the input variables. It was observed that the efficiency of the model can be escalated using further and intense data collection.
Innovation needed to improve road construction and road infrastructure in the future in India
Authors: Singh Aditya , Srivastava Amit 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Road Construction which comes under Highway Engineering is an important area in Transportation Engineering, which is a major branch of Civil Engineering. Roads are extremely important for inland transportation and are valuable mode of transportation in the case of landlocked regions. Even though roads and waterways were popular modes of transportation from ancient times, but roads were way safer in comparison to the latter. In the recorded history, during the Roman era, roads were focused and they were developed through innovative designs and methods according to that era. Before Roman era, roads were found to be un-metalled ones and it used to become troublesome to use them especially during rainy season. The Romans were able to overcome this problem and made a breakthrough during that era. However, this was just the beginning of innovations in designs, methods and materials to construct roads over time. In the 21st century, the roads are highly strong and durable but with the current technologies, more innovations can be done in terms of materials and technologies to improve them further in the future. Of course, airways has also come into picture as a fast mode of transportation but roads are way cheaper mode of transportation in comparison to the former. In this paper, some possible innovations that can be applied in the construction of roads will be highlighted. This includes Self-Healing Concrete, Prefabricated Plastic Roads, Recycled Plastic Roads as well as Solar Roads, which will be briefly discussed in the paper. Their comparison to the conventional roads will be done to understand their utility. Some graphical analysis is also performed on the basis of the data collected from different sources in this paper.
Experimental investigation of moisture susceptibility of reclaimed asphalt binder using SFE approach
Authors: Bhoj Neha , Dare Pranoti , Hedaoo Namdeo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) refers to recycled pavement materials consisting of asphalt and aggregates. One of the use of RAP is as a material for new asphalt pavements. It can combine with new asphalt and aggregates to create a high-quality, durable road surface. This process reduces the amount of virgin material required in the production of new asphalt. It is investigated how RAP proportion and aggregate type affect moisture-induced deterioration in asphalt mixes. When the tensile strength of the asphalt binder deteriorates, or bonding failure appears at the asphalt binder-aggregate interface as a result of moisture, this is known as Moisture-induced damage. Investigating the risk of moisture-induced degradation in the asphalt binder-aggregate system by using the Surface Free Energy method (SFE). This method directly deals with the adhesion and debonding of asphalt binder and particles in the presence of moisture. The SFE parameters of VG-30 asphalt binder blended with various quantities of RAP binder (30%, 40%, and 50%) were measured using a Contact Angle measuring instrument. Work of adhesion, work of cohesion, wettability, and energy ratio were the SFE metrics studied. The results concluded that for VG-30 asphalt binders and aggregates, resistance to moisture-induced damage improved as the RAP level increased, particularly at higher RAP percentages. Furthermore, it was discovered that higher aggregate total SFE values corresponded to lower energy ratio values. As a result, a high aggregate total SFE component could make moisture-related damage to the mix more likely. According to the energy ratio statistics, using the binder with basalt provides more resistance to moisture damage than limestone and gravel.
Modelling overtaking manoeuvre of motorized two wheelers on urban undivided roads
Authors: Deb M , Kamalnath M , Majumder S A , Jena S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Motorized Two-wheelers (MTW) are popular in congested urban areas with heavy traffic since they offer a quick and adaptable means of transportation. Overtaking and lane changing manoeuvers happen when traffic does not flow at the intended speed. They cannot be avoided, especially in mixed traffic scenarios when there is a constant speed differential between fastmoving and slow-moving cars. Collisions during overtaking manoeuvers are one of the leading causes of two-wheeler fatalities among crashes involving two-wheelers. Considering these issues, there is a need to perform thorough analysis of the overtaking manoeuverability of MTW. In this study, the MTW overtaking manoeuverability is modelled using binary logit modelling (BLM) and support vector machine (SVM) and both were compared using performance parameters. The data was collected using video-graphic survey and was extracted using Kinovea. The speed of subject MTW, overtaken vehicle and the oncoming vehicle, the presence of pillion rider, lateral and longitudinal distances were the significant input variables for BLM. The performance parameters obtained from confusion matrix showed SVM being better than BLM. This study can be used to prepare an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) which can increase the safety of MTW drivers while overtaking on undivided roads in urban areas.
A study on the behaviour of soft clay under embankment loading
Authors: Srijan  , Harshit Vatsa , Abhivek Singh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Soil reinforcement is technique to improve the engineering characteristics of soil. Several reinforcement methods are available for stabilizing the problematic soils (soft clay) like the use of Portland cement, lime, fly ash, ground freeing, jet grouting, prefabricated vertical drains, stone columns and thermal methods. Recently basal reinforcements are also being used as a method to improve the bearing capacity and settlement characteristics of the soft soil. The reinforcement consists of one or more horizontal layers of geosynthetic reinforcement installed at a base of the embankment. A basal reinforced embankment can be used for the construction of road or a railway when a traditional construction method would take a lot of time for construction. In this paper a numerical analysis was conducted first to study the behaviour of virgin soft clay supporting the embankment. Further a sand layer was installed just below the embankment and basal reinforcement was provided at the centre of this sand layer to study its influence on the changed behaviour of soft clay. A comparison was made between the two and the requirement of further study has also been suggested.
Soil Stabilisation by Analytical Techniques
Authors: Thomas Ansu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Soil stabilisation methods are being used for improving the soft soil for various engineering works such as construction of roads. Suitability and sustainability of the use of locally available materials in stabilizing the soft soils should be analysed. For the present study, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were done on soft and stabilised (optimum dosages of OPC, AGGBS and enzyme) samples after a curing period of 28 days. It is found that there is a reduction in montmorillonite peaks in XRD patterns of stabilised soils as compared to soft soil. Formation of CSH, CAH and hydrocalcite in case of OPC stabilised soil and zeolite (hydradrated aluminosilicates of sodium) were observed in case of AGGBS stabilised soil. GGBS activated by NaOH is found to be more efficiently improving the strength of the stabilised soil.