bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aortic valve morphology is associated with outcomes following balloon valvuloplasty for congenital aortic stenosis
Authors: Maskatia Shiraz A. , Justino Henri , Ing Frank F. , Crystal Matthew A. , Mattamal Raphael J. , Petit Christopher J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivesEvaluate the incidence of various morphologic types of congenital AS, and the association between valve morphology and long‐term outcomes, including repeat BAV, AVR, and death/transplant.BackgroundReports on long‐term outcomes have low agreement on the influence of morphologic type.MethodsWe queried our institutional database and hospital billing records to identify all patients who underwent balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) from 1992 through 2009. We excluded cases where morphology was not clear based on the description in the pre‐BAV echocardiogram report and patients who underwent single ventricle palliation. The primary outcome of the study was the occurrence of any of the following events: repeat valvuloplasty, AVR, heart transplant, or death.ResultsThere were 147 patients in our study cohort. The most common morphology was functionally bicuspid (n = 92, 63%), followed by functionally unicuspid (n = 20, 14%), dysplastic (n = 16, 11%), true bicuspid (n = 13, 9%), and true unicuspid (n = 6, 4%). The primary endpoint was less likely to occur in patients with functionally bicuspid valves (P < 0.01) and patients with true bicuspid valves (P = 0.03), whereas it was more likely to occur in patients with functionally unicuspid valves (P = 0.02) and patients with true unicuspid valves (P = 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that valve type other than functionally bicuspid was associated with diminished freedom from repeat intervention, death or transplant (HR 3.3, CI 1.2 – 8.6, P = 0.02).ConclusionsIn our cohort, patients with functionally bicuspid aortic valves, the most common type, had improved outcomes as compared with all other morphologic types. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functions of neurotrophins and growth factors in neurogenesis and brain repair
Authors: Oliveira Sophia L. B. , Pillat Micheli M. , Cheffer Arquimedes , Lameu Claudiana , Schwindt Telma T. , Ulrich Henning 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe identification and isolation of multipotent neural stem and progenitor cells in the brain, giving rise to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes initiated many studies in order to understand basic mechanisms of endogenous neurogenesis and repair mechanisms of the nervous system and to develop novel therapeutic strategies for cellular regeneration therapies in brain disease. A previous review (Trujillo et al., Cytometry A 2009;75:38–53) focused on the importance of extrinsic factors, especially neurotransmitters, for directing migration and neurogenesis in the developing and adult brain. Here, we extend our review discussing the effects of the principal growth and neurotrophic factors as well as their intracellular signal transduction on neurogenesis, fate determination and neuroprotective mechanisms. Many of these mechanisms have been elucidated by in vitro studies for which neural stem cells were isolated, grown as neurospheres, induced to neural differentiation under desired experimental conditions, and analyzed for embryonic, progenitor, and neural marker expression by flow and imaging cytometry techniques. The better understanding of neural stem cells proliferation and differentiation is crucial for any therapeutic intervention aiming at neural stem cell transplantation and recruitment of endogenous repair mechanisms. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
RchyOptimyx: Cellular hierarchy optimization for flow cytometry
Authors: Aghaeepour Nima , Jalali Adrin , O'Neill Kieran , Chattopadhyay Pratip K. , Roederer Mario , Hoos Holger H. , Brinkman Ryan R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAnalysis of high‐dimensional flow cytometry datasets can reveal novel cell populations with poorly understood biology. Following discovery, characterization of these populations in terms of the critical markers involved is an important step, as this can help to both better understand the biology of these populations and aid in designing simpler marker panels to identify them on simpler instruments and with fewer reagents (i.e., in resource poor or highly regulated clinical settings). However, current tools to design panels based on the biological characteristics of the target cell populations work exclusively based on technical parameters (e.g., instrument configurations, spectral overlap, and reagent availability). To address this shortcoming, we developed RchyOptimyx (cellular hieraRCHY OPTIMization), a computational tool that constructs cellular hierarchies by combining automated gating with dynamic programming and graph theory to provide the best gating strategies to identify a target population to a desired level of purity or correlation with a clinical outcome, using the simplest possible marker panels. RchyOptimyx can assess and graphically present the trade‐offs between marker choice and population specificity in high‐dimensional flow or mass cytometry datasets. We present three proof‐of‐concept use cases for RchyOptimyx that involve 1) designing a panel of surface markers for identification of rare populations that are primarily characterized using their intracellular signature; 2) simplifying the gating strategy for identification of a target cell population; 3) identification of a non‐redundant marker set to identify a target cell population. Published 2013 Wiley‐Periodicals, Inc.
Topical Developments of Nanoporous Membrane Filters for Ultrafine Noble Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: El‐Safty Sherif A. , Hoa Nguyen Duc , Shenashen Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPhysicists have predicted and confirmed that metal nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter between 1 and 10 nm can display electronic structures that reflect the electronic band structure of the NPs and can exhibit extraordinary optical properties. These physicists have focused on developing silica nanotube (NT) membranes for the size‐cut‐off sieving of noble metal NPs and have proposed a design for the potential application of separated ultrafine NPs, for example in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In our current studies, we have been aiming to control the functionality of the mesofilter design for size‐exclusion‐cut‐off separation. We have focused on successful and current designs for the development of silica (NT) membranes as promising filter candidates for the size‐exclusive separation of ultrafine noble metal NPs. The schematic design of nanofilters is also highlighted in relation to engineering dense silica NTs into anodic alumina membrane (AAM) nanochannels. The multifunctional surface coating of AAM pore channels with organic coupling agents facilitates the production of extremely robust membrane sequences without air gaps between the NTs. This practical nanofilter design is capable of producing controlled homogeneous ultrafine noble metal NPs with preferred spherical morphology. Advancements in controlling the simple, scalable fabrication processes of ultrafine noble metal NPs are significant for designed applications in biotechnology, especially for in vivo diagnosis and treatment of cancer, because of their superior surface‐to‐volume ratio and smaller size (4.5 nm), which is less than the limiting hydrodynamic diameter (5.5 nm) for effective renal clearance from the human body.
Oxidative C–C Bond Cleavage of α‐Keto Acids by Cobalt(II) Complexes of Nitrogen Donor Ligands
Authors: Chakraborty Biswarup , Halder Partha , Banerjee Priya Ranjan , Paine Tapan Kanti 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFour cobalt(II) complexes, [(6Me3TPA)CoII(BF)](BPh4) (1), [(TPA)CoII(BF)](BPh4) (2), [{(6Me3TPA)CoII}2(PP)](BPh4)2 (3), and [(TPA)CoII(PPH)](BPh4) (4) [where 6Me3TPA = tris(6‐methyl‐2‐pyridylmethyl)amine, TPA = tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine, BF = monoanionic benzoylformate, PP = dianionic phenylpyruvate, and PPH = monoanionic phenylpyruvate], of α‐keto acid derivatives have been isolated to show their versatile reactivity with dioxygen. The X‐ray crystal structure of 2 suggests a five‐coordinate cobalt(II) center coordinated by a monodentate benzoylformate and a tetradentate nitrogen‐donor supporting ligand. Conversely, complex 3 is a dinuclear cobalt complex where two cobalt(II) centers are bridged by PP. While complex 1 is unreactive towards dioxygen, 2 reacts slowly with oxygen to exhibit quantitative decarboxylation of coordinated benzoylformate to benzoate. An active cobalt‐oxygen intermediate, intercepted by external substrates, is proposed to initiate the decarboxylation reaction. Complex 3 also reacts with dioxygen but to cleave the C2–C3 bond of PP with concomitant formation of benzaldehyde and an oxalate‐bridged dicobalt(II) complex [{(6Me3TPA)CoII}2(oxalate)](BPh4)2 (5). The mononuclear PPH‐cobalt(II) complex (4), unlike 2 and 3, does not undergo oxidative decarboxylation or C–C bond cleavage of PPH. In the reaction with dioxygen, 4 is oxidized to a PP‐cobalt(III) complex, [(TPA)CoIII(PP)](BPh4) (6), as established from the X‐ray single‐crystal structure.
Magnetostructural Studies on Tetranuclear Manganese [MnIII2MnII2] Complexes of 9‐Hydroxyphenalenone with Weak π···π Interactions
Authors: Dey Suman Kr , Honecker Andreas , Mitra Partha , Mandal Swadhin K. , Mukherjee Arindam 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo mixed‐valent tetranuclear MnII/III complexes of formula [Mn4(L)4(OAc)2(OMe)4]·2H2O (1) and [Mn4(L)4(OAc)2(OMe)4] (2), in which HL = 9‐hydroxyphenalenone, were synthesized by a solvothermal method and magnetostructurally characterized. Complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 12.69 Å, b = 15.51 Å, c = 15.40 Å, β = 114.35° and Z = 2. Complex 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar {1}$ with a = 8.74 Å, b = 12.06 Å, c = 13.89 Å, α = 114.23° β = 102.16°, γ = 98.54° and Z = 1. Both 1 and 2 are products of the same reaction and have the same molecular formula except for the solvent of crystallization. X‐ray crystallographic studies show that 1 and 2 have six coordinated MnII and MnIII ions and almost the same tetranuclear core, which resembles a rhomboidal “butterfly motif” except that the MnIII ions are at the “wing‐tip” and MnII ions in the “body” positions. The MnII/III ions that form the metal core in 1 and 2 have two μ3‐Oalkoxo and four μ2‐Oalkoxo bridges along with two carboxylate anions that bridge the MnII and MnIII centres situated at the “body” and the “wing‐tip” positions. Complex 1 shows intermolecular π···π and C–H···π interactions. Detailed direct current (DC) magnetic susceptibility studies in the temperature range 2–300 K suggest that 1 and 2 are antiferromagnetically coupled. The exchange coupling constants and g values were estimated by theoretical fitting of the magnetic susceptibility data. We find that it is difficult to determine a model with three different coupling constants (J1, J2, J3) unambiguously from the magnetic susceptibility data. Nevertheless, the bonding parameters of the metal core for 1 and 2 suggest a simplification to two exchange coupling constants (Jbb and Jwb) with a reasonably good fit. In addition, the theoretical fitting of the magnetic data when correlated to the structure shows good agreement for complexes with similar cores in the literature and it appears that the exchange coupling constants correlate with the solid angle formed by the μ3‐O(alk)oxo bonded to the MnII/III ions.
Simple and Rapid Procedures for the Synthesis of 5‐Acylated 4β‐Acylamido‐ and 4β‐Acetoxyneuraminic Acid Glycals
Authors: Agnolin Irene S. , Rota Paola , Allevi Pietro , Gregorio Antonio , Anastasia Mario 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo simple and rapid procedures affording 4β‐acylamido‐ and 4β‐acetoxyneuraminic acid glycals acylated or perfluoroacylated at the 5‐amino group are reported. The first protocol avoids the formation of oxazolines to synthesize the 4β‐acetamido glycals through the Ritter reaction. The second passes through the oxazoline derivative to prepare 4β‐acetoxyneuraminic acid glycals. Both protocols start from peracetylated methyl neuraminate, acylated at the amino group with a normal, a glycolyl, or a perfluoroacyl group, or with the corresponding peracetylated glycal methyl esters (of the DANA or FANA series).
Solubility of ethyl acetate in diluted aqueous solutions of fructose
Authors: Borges Rafael P. , Silva Flávio C. , Franco Moilton R. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTEthyl acetate solubility data were experimentally determined in diluted solutions containing fructose. Concentrations results for the organic solute in water–fructose solution at temperatures between 278.2 and 293.2 K are new. However, it was possible to compare and discuss the solubility behaviour by regarding fructose concentrations and temperature effects. The results confirmed that the solubility of ethyl acetate decreases as the fructose concentration increases. Also, some changes could be observed in the solubility of the acetate when there were variations of temperature. Ethyl acetate demonstrated the same behaviour in solutions of fructose as is observed in pure water; the solubility decreased with the increasing temperature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the characterization of grid density in grid refinement studies for discretization error estimation
Authors: Eça L. , Hoekstra M. , Beja Pedro J. F. , Falcão de Campos J. A. C. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThis paper discusses the estimation of discretization errors on the basis of power series expansions for grid sets that are not geometrically similar, that is, grids not exhibiting a constant grid refinement ratio for the entire computational domain. Simple test cases with structured and unstructured grids are used to demonstrate that reliable error estimates on the basis of power series expansions can be made if the grids are refined systematically. However, if the grid refinement ratio is not constant in the complete domain, the definition of the typical cell size is not obvious, and the observed order of accuracy may not be equal to the expected theoretical order of the discretization. Some alternatives for the definition of the typical cell size are tested. In these tests, the error estimation does not show a significant effect of the definition of the typical cell size even for some cases with data sets clearly outside the ‘asymptotic range’. For non‐geometrically similar grids, the best estimates of the observed order of accuracy are obtained with the typical cell size on the basis of the mode of the cell size (the cell size that occurs more often in a given grid). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macht und Ohnmacht des Heiligen Geistes
Authors: Schäfer Heinrich Wilhelm , Reu Tobias , Simoncic Adrián Tovar 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn Ländern wie Guatemala und Nicaragua folgt ein großer Teil der Bevölkerung der Pfingstbewegung. Begegnungen mit dieser Glaubensrichtung geben der Forschung Einblicke in ein Wechselspiel von Glaubenspraxis, sozialer Ungleichheit und Gewalt.
Eine neue Dimension der Verantwortung
Authors: Kleiner Matthias 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDer Bundespräsident hat von der Wissenschaft mehr Einmischung in die öffentlichen Debatten gefordert. Um ihn beim Wort zu nehmen, muss die Wissenschaft das hochhalten, womit sie dem Wohl der Gesellschaft genauso dient wie mit Erkenntnisgewinn und Expertise: ihre Diskursform
Wirklich dabei sein
Authors: Weinzierl Stefan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOb aus dem Konzertsaal oder in der virtuellen Hörwelt: Um ein Klangbild authentisch und räumlich erlebbar zu machen, sind viel Technik und noch mehr Messungen und Simulationen erforderlich. Mit einer großen raumakustischen Datenbank wollen Forscher die perfekte Signalkette schaffen — und so die Qualität von Audioübertragungen optimieren.
Heterosynaptic long‐term depression mediated by ATP released from astrocytes
Authors: Chen Jiadong , Tan Zhibing , Zeng Li , Zhang Xiaoxing , He You , Gao Wei , Wu Xiumei , Li Yuju , Bu Bitao , Wang Wei , Duan Shumin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHeterosynaptic long‐term depression (hLTD) at untetanized synapses accompanying the induction of long‐term potentiation (LTP) spatially sharpens the activity‐induced synaptic potentiation; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We found that hLTD in the hippocampal CA1 region is caused by stimulation‐induced ATP release from astrocytes that suppresses transmitter release from untetanized synaptic terminals via activation of P2Y receptors. Selective stimulation of astrocytes expressing channelrhodopsin‐2, a light‐gated cation channel permeable to Ca2+, resulted in LTD of synapses on neighboring neurons. This synaptic modification required Ca2+ elevation in astrocytes and activation of P2Y receptors, but not N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors. Furthermore, blocking P2Y receptors or buffering astrocyte intracellular Ca2+ at a low level prevented hLTD without affecting LTP induced by SC stimulation. Thus, astrocyte activation is both necessary and sufficient for mediating hLTD accompanying LTP induction, strongly supporting the notion that astrocytes actively participate in activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity of neural circuits. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overexpression of H1 calponin in osteoblast lineage cells leads to a decrease in bone mass by disrupting osteoblast function and promoting osteoclast formation
Authors: Su Nan , Chen Maomao , Chen Siyu , Li Can , Xie Yangli , Zhu Ying , Zhang Yaozong , Zhao Ling , He Qifen , Du Xiaolan , Chen Di , Chen Lin 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
H1 calponin (CNN1) is known as a smooth muscle-specific, actin-binding protein which regulates smooth muscle contractive activity. Although previous studies have shown that CNN1 has effect on bone, the mechanism is not well defined. To investigate the role of CNN1 in maintaining bone homeostasis, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing Cnn1 under the control of the osteoblast-specific 3.6-kb Col1a1 promoter. Col1a1-Cnn1 transgenic mice showed delayed bone formation at embryonic stage and decreased bone mass at adult stage. Morphology analyses showed reduced trabecular number, thickness and defects in bone formation. The proliferation and migration of osteoblasts were decreased in Col1a1-Cnn1 mice due to alterations in cytoskeleton. The early osteoblast differentiation of Col1a1-Cnn1 mice was increased, but the late stage differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts derived from Col1a1-Cnn1 mice were significantly decreased. In addition to impaired bone formation, the decreased bone mass was also associated with enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining revealed increased osteoclast numbers in tibias of 2-month-old Col1a1-Cnn1 mice, and increased numbers of osteoclasts co-cultured with Col1a1-Cnn1 osteoblasts. The ratio of RANKL to OPG was significantly increased in Col1a1-Cnn1 osteoblasts. These findings reveal a novel function of CNN1 in maintaining bone homeostasis by coupling bone formation to bone resorption. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Pharmacological inhibition of PPARγ increases osteoblastogenesis and bone mass in male C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Duque Gustavo , Li Wei , Vidal Christopher , Bermeo Sandra , Rivas Daniel , Henderson Janet 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Infiltration of bone marrow with fat is a prevalent feature in people with age-related bone loss and osteoporosis, which correlates inversely with bone formation and positively with high expression levels of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Inhibition of PPARγ thus represents a potential therapeutic approach for age-related bone loss. In this study, we examined the effect of PPARγ inhibition on bone in skeletally mature C57BL/6 male mice. Nine-month-old mice were treated with a PPARγ antagonist, bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether (BADGE), alone or in combination with active vitamin D (1,25[OH]2D3) for 6 weeks. Micro-computed tomography and bone histomorphometry indicated that mice treated with either BADGE or BADGE + 1,25(OH)2D3 had significantly increased bone volume and improved bone quality compared with vehicle-treated mice. This phenotype occurred in the absence of alterations in osteoclast number. Furthermore, the BADGE + 1,25(OH)2D3-treated mice exhibited higher levels of unmineralized osteoid. All of the treated groups showed a significant increase in circulating levels of bone formation markers without changes in bone resorption markers, while blood glucose, parathyroid hormone, and Ca+ remained normal. Furthermore, treatment with BADGE induced higher levels of expression of vitamin D receptor within the bone marrow. Overall, treated mice showed higher levels of osteoblastogenesis and bone formation concomitant with decreased marrow adiposity and ex vivo adipogenesis. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of PPARγ may represent an effective anabolic therapy for osteoporosis in the near future. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Glucocorticoid effects on changes in bone mineral density and cortical structure in childhood nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Tsampalieros Anne , Gupta Pooja , Denburg Michelle R , Shults Justine , Zemel Babette S , Mostoufi-Moab Sogol , Wetzsteon Rachel J , Herskovitz Rita M , Whitehead Krista M , Leonard Mary B 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The impact of glucocorticoids (GC) on skeletal development has not been established. The objective of this study was to examine changes in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and cortical structure over 1 year in childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS) and to identify associations with concurrent GC exposure and growth. Fifty-six NS participants, aged 5 to 21 years, were enrolled a median of 4.3 (0.5 to 8.1) years after diagnosis. Tibia peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans were obtained at enrollment and 6 and 12 months later. Sex, race, and age-specific Z-scores were generated for trabecular vBMD (TrabBMD-Z), cortical vBMD (CortBMD-Z), and cortical area (CortArea-Z) based on &gt;650 reference participants. CortArea-Z was further adjusted for tibia length-for-age Z-score. Quasi-least squares regression was used to identify determinants of changes in pQCT Z-scores. At enrollment, mean TrabBMD-Z (−0.54 ± 1.32) was significantly lower (p = 0.0001) and CortBMD-Z (0.73 ± 1.16, p &lt; 0.0001) and CortArea-Z (0.27 ± 0.91, p = 0.03) significantly greater in NS versus reference participants, as previously described. Forty-eight (86%) participants were treated with GC over the study interval (median dose 0.29 mg/kg/day). On average, TrabBMD-Z and CortBMD-Z did not change significantly over the study interval; however, CortArea-Z decreased (p = 0.003). Greater GC dose (p &lt; 0.001), lesser increases in tibia length (p &lt; 0.001), and lesser increases in CortArea-Z (p = 0.003) were independently associated with greater increases in CortBMD-Z. Greater increases in tibia length were associated with greater declines in CortArea-Z (p &lt; 0.01); this association was absent in reference participants (interaction p &lt; 0.02). In conclusion, GC therapy was associated with increases in CortBMD-Z, potentially related to suppressed bone formation and greater secondary mineralization. Conversely, greater growth and expansion of CortArea-Z (ie, new bone formation) were associated with declines in CortBMD-Z. Greater linear growth was associated with impaired expansion of cortical area in NS. Studies are needed to determine the fracture implications of these findings. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.