bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro study of normoxic epidermal growth factor receptor–induced hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1‐alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and BNIP3 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines: Implications for anti–epidermal growth factor receptor therapy
Authors: Secades Pablo , de Santa‐María Inés Saenz , Merlo Anna , Suarez Carlos , Chiara María‐Dolores 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe previously showed that activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) induces hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. In this study, we have furthered this by investigating the mechanism of HIF‐1α activation by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its association with the sensitivity to gefitinib.MethodsEGFR/HIF‐1α signaling was tested by immunoblot, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cell proliferation, and apoptosis assays.ResultsHIF‐1α accumulated in cells overexpressing EGF and phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR), phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (pPI3K), and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (pMAPK). EGF‐induced expression of HIF‐1α and its targets, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and BNIP3, were blocked by gefitinib and PI3K‐inhibitors and MAPK‐inhibitors. HIF‐1α‐siRNAs abrogated EGF‐induced BNIP3 but not VEGF expression. Gefitinib inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis more strongly in cells with constitutively active EGFR/HIF‐1α signaling than in cells lacking activation of these pathways. HIF‐1α‐siRNA treatment reduced sensitivity to gefitinib.ConclusionThe search for molecular predictors of sensitivity to gefitinib in HNSCC should be extended to the activation status of EGFR‐downstream pathways, phosphorylated protein kinase B, pMAPK, and HIF‐1α. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1150–1162, 2015
Inter‐comparison of high‐resolution gridded climate data sets and their implication on hydrological model simulation over the Athabasca Watershed, Canada
Authors: Eum Hyung‐Il , Dibike Yonas , Prowse Terry , Bonsal Barrie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSeveral different gridded climate data sets have recently been made available with the purpose of providing a consistent set of climatic data for many hydro‐climatic studies. Recent advances in land‐surface schemes and their implementation in fully distributed processes‐based hydrologic models have demanded even higher‐resolution gridded data. It remains, however, a challenge to identify the most reliable gridded climate data for hydrologic modelling, especially in mountainous headwater regions where there is significant spatial variability but few observing stations. Moreover, the accuracy of such climate forcing data applied to alpine headwaters directly affects the modelled hydrologic responses of the lower, downstream portions of river basins. This study evaluates the spatial and temporal differences in precipitation and temperature fields among three high‐resolution climate data sets available in Canada, namely, the North American Regional Reanalysis, the Canadian Precipitation Analysis and the thin‐plate smoothing splines (ANUSPLIN). Inter‐comparison of the quality of these data sets was undertaken for the Athabasca River basin in western Canada. The hydrologic responses of this watershed with respect to each of the three gridded climate data sets were also evaluated using the Variable Infiltration Capacity model. Results indicate that the data sets have systematic differences, which vary with regional characteristics – the largest differences being for mountainous regions. The hydrologic model simulations corresponding to those three forcing data sets also show significant differences and more with North American Regional Reanalysis than those between Canadian Precipitation Analysis and ANUSPLIN. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Hydrological Processes © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effect of verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of pasireotide in healthy volunteers
Authors: Kornberger Ruediger , Ting Lillian S.L. , Tripathi Anadya P. , Rodrigues Heidi , Nesheiwat Dalal , Passos Vanessa Q. , Hu Ke 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe evaluated the drug‐drug interaction between pasireotide SC and verapamil, a known P‐glycoprotein inhibitor. Subjects received pasireotide SC (single dose, 600 μg) on day 1, and samples for pharmacokinetics evaluation were collected from days 1 to 8. Subjects received an oral dose of verapamil 240 mg/d for 10 days (days 15–24). On day 18, subjects also received pasireotide SC 600 μg. Pharmacokinetic sampling for pasireotide SC and verapamil was done during days 18 to 25 and days 15 to 21, respectively. Safety evaluations were performed throughout the study period, including a 30‐day post‐treatment follow‐up. Pharmacokinetic profiles of pasireotide SC alone and in combination with verapamil sustained‐release (SR) were superimposable with the geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval [CI]) of 0.98 (0.91–1.06) for Cmax, 0.97 (0.90–1.04) for AUClast, and 0.98 (0.92–1.05) for AUCinf. Exploratory analyses showed a 17% (90% CI, 0.72–0.94) reduction in Ctrough and 31% (0.58–0.82) reduction in Cmax (8 hours post‐dose) for verapamil SR with pasireotide SC versus verapamil alone. Pasireotide SC with or without verapamil was well tolerated. In conclusion, there was no change in the rate of pasireotide absorption and elimination or extent of exposure following concomitant administration with verapamil.
Synthesis of glycerol carbonate and monoacetin from glycerol and carbon dioxide over Cu catalysts: the role of supports
Authors: Zhang Juan , He Dehua 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlycerol is a co‐product in biodiesel production, and glycerol carbonate is an important product from the carbonylation of glycerol. However, the direct reaction of glycerol with CO2 is limited by thermodynamics. Cu‐based catalysts were applied in the synthesis of glycerol carbonate and monoacetin from glycerol and CO2 in the presence of CH3CN to overcome the thermodynamic limitation.RESULTSThe physical and chemical properties of Cu‐based catalysts supported on different supports were characterized by XRD, BET, TEM, NH3/CO2‐TPD, H2‐TPR and N2O chemisorptions. The supported Cu catalysts exhibited different sizes of Cu particles and different acid–base properties. The reaction routes could be divided into three steps: the carbonylation of glycerol with CO2, the hydrolysis of CH3CN and the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid. The esterification of glycerol with acetic acid was more preferable thermodynamically to promote the whole reaction.CONCLUSIONCu species played the decisive role in the activity of the catalysts in this reaction. The reaction rate of glycerol decreased with the increase of Cu particle size. The catalysts with Lewis base sites tended to favor the formation of glycerol carbonate, and the Lewis acid sites accelerated the formation of monoacetin. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Obstructed bi‐leaflet prosthetic mitral valve imaging with real‐time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Shimbo Mai , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Kimura Shunsuke , Terada Mai , Iino Takako , Iino Kenji , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTReal‐time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3D‐TEE) can provide unique visualization and better understanding of the relationship among cardiac structures. Here, we report the case of an 85‐year‐old woman with an obstructed mitral prosthetic valve diagnosed promptly by RT3D‐TEE, which clearly showed a leaflet stuck in the closed position. The opening and closing angles of the valve leaflets measured by RT3D‐TEE were compatible with those measured by fluoroscopy. Moreover, RT3D‐TEE revealed, in the ring of the prosthetic valve, thrombi that were not visible on fluoroscopy. RT3D‐TEE might be a valuable diagnostic technique for prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:64–67, 2015
The Maximum Number of Dominating Induced Matchings
Authors: Lin Min Chih , Moyano Veronica A. , Rautenbach Dieter , Szwarcfiter Jayme L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA matching M of a graph G is a dominating induced matching (DIM) of G if every edge of G is either in M or adjacent with exactly one edge in M. We prove sharp upper bounds on the number of DIMs of a graph G and characterize all extremal graphs. Our results imply that if G is a graph of order n, then ; provided G is triangle‐free; and provided and G is connected.
Optimization of extraction conditions and fatty acid characterization of Lactobacillus pentosus cell‐bound biosurfactant/bioemulsifier
Authors: Vecino Xanel , Barbosa‐Pereira Letricia , Devesa‐Rey Rosa , Cruz José M , Moldes Ana B 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is currently much interest in the use of natural biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers, mainly in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. However, there are no studies on the optimization of the extraction conditions of cell‐bound biosurfactants. In this work, a biosurfactant with emulsifier properties was extracted from Lactobacillus pentosus cells, under different extraction conditions, and characterized.RESULTSDuring extraction, the most influential independent variable, concerning the emulsifying capacity of biosurfactant, was the operation time, followed by temperature and salt concentration. Biosurfactant from L. pentosus was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the composition of fatty acids was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The hydrophobic chain of the biosurfactant from L. pentosus comprises 548 g kg−1 linoelaidic acid (C18:2), 221 g kg−1 oleic or elaidic acid (C18:1), 136 g kg−1 palmitic acid (C16) and 95 g kg−1 stearic acid (C18). In addition, emulsions of water and rosemary oil were stabilized with a biosurfactant produced by L. pentosus and compared with emulsions stabilized with polysorbate 20.CONCLUSIONThe optimum extraction conditions of biosurfactant were achieved at 45 °C at 120 min and using 9 g kg−1 of salt. In all the assays biosurfactant from L. pentosus yielded more stable emulsions and higher emulsion volumes than polysorbate 20. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Nonlinear differential identities for cnoidal waves
Authors: Leitner Michael , Mikikits‐Leitner Alice 
Published: May 2014

This article presents a family of nonlinear differential identities for the spatially periodic function , which is essentially the Jacobian elliptic function with one non‐trivial parameter . More precisely, we show that this function fulfills equations of the form

urn:x-wiley:dummy:mana201300233:equation:mana201300233-math-0005for all . We give explicit expressions for the coefficients and for given s.Moreover, we show that for any s the set of functions constitutes a basis for . By virtue of our formulas the problem of finding a periodic solution to any nonlinear wave equation reduces to a problem in the coefficients. A finite ansatz exactly solves the KdV equation (giving the well‐known cnoidal wave solution) and the Kawahara equation. An infinite ansatz is expected to be especially efficient if the equation to be solved can be considered a perturbation of the KdV equation.
ABC Triblock Terpolymer Self‐Assembled Core–Shell–Corona Nanotubes with High Aspect Ratios
Authors: Wang Lulu , Huang Haiying , He Tianbai 
Published: May 2014

Nanotubes have attracted considerable attention due to their unique 1D hollow structure; however, the fabrication of pure nanotubes via block copolymer self‐assembly remains a challenge. In this work, the successful preparation of core–shell–corona (CSC) nanotubular micelles with uniform diameter and high aspect ratio is reported, which is achieved via self‐assembly of a poly (styrene‐b‐4‐vinyl pyridine‐b‐ethylene oxide) triblock terpolymer in binary organic solvents with assistance of solution thermal annealing. Via direct visualization of trapped intermediates, the nanotube is believed to be formed via large sphere—large solid cylinderical aggregates—nanotube transformations, wherein the unique solid to hollow transition accompanied with the unidirectional growth is distinct from conventional pathway. In addition, by virtue of the CSC structure, gold nanoparticles are able to be selectively incorporated into different micellar domains of the nanotubes, which may have potential applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology.
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Microstructure of MgAl5Ca3Sr alloy after creep deformation and high‐temperature heat treatment
Authors: Rzychoń T. 
Published: May 2014

The paper presents results of microstructural investigations of MgAl5Ca3Sr magnesium alloys in the as‐cast condition, after creep tests at 180 °C, and after heat treatment at 450 °C for 4.5 hours. The microstructure of MgAl5Ca3Sr alloy is composed of α‐Mg solid solution, irregular shaped (Mg,Al)2Ca phase with C36 crystal structure, bulky (Mg,Al)17(Sr,Ca)2 phase, fine lamellar Mg2Ca phase with C14 structure, needle‐shaped Al2Ca precipitates with the C15 crystal structure. The precipitation of the needle‐shaped Al2Ca phase in the α‐Mg grains and spheroidization of the C14 phase were found after heat treatment at 450 °C in argon atmosphere. The (Mg,Al)2Ca (C36) and (Mg,Al)17(Sr,Ca)2 phases seems to be stable at 450 °C, however, the increasing of aluminum content in C36 compound was observed suggesting the initial stage of C36 → C15 transformation. After creep deformation at 180 °C precipitates of the Al2Ca phase were found in α‐Mg phase. The intermetallic compounds are stable at 180 °C. The MgAl5Ca3Sr alloy exhibits good creep resistance up to 75 MPa. Tensile properties are comparable to those of Mg‐RE‐Zn–Zr alloys.
IDRApegasus: a carbon fiber monocoque vehicle prototype
Authors: Carello M. , Airale A. G. , Messana A. 
Published: May 2014

Today, in the design of a new vehicle, one of the most important challenge is the weight reduction. For this reason the use of composite materials is very important, in fact the most important challenge is to apply composite materials in structural applications not only in racing vehicles or supercars, but also in mass‐production vehicles.For prototypes designed to be used in international low consumption competitions, like the Shell Eco Marathon, the targets are very sophisticated because the total vehicle's weight must be less than 30–35 kg.In this paper is presented a real case study that it is the monocoque of the IDRApegasus low consumption racing prototype, starting from an existing solution IDRA also made in carbon fiber.The first step was the definition of the new external shape according to aerodynamics, mechanical packaging, powertrain lay‐out, driver ergonomy and visibility constrains which ergonomy that the prototype has three wheels, two front wheels (inside the body, to reduce the frontal area) and a rear steering driving wheel.Then the critical working situation was defined: the loads, the target weight and the target stiffness in comparison of the previous monocoque, because it was very important to understand the tensile strains to optimize the thickness in all monocoque locations.The structural design of the monocoque was done by means of numerical simulations using the finite element techniques and once the external surfaces have been defined, a composite layer thickness and orientation optimization have been made to define the lamination lay‐out.
Treatment of poor placentation and the prevention of associated adverse outcomes – what does the future hold?
Authors: Spencer R. N. , Carr D. J. , David A. L. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPoor placentation, which manifests as pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction, is a major pregnancy complication. The underlying cause is a deficiency in normal trophoblast invasion of the spiral arteries, associated with placental inflammation, oxidative stress, and an antiangiogenic state. Peripartum therapies, such as prenatal maternal corticosteroids and magnesium sulphate, can prevent some of the adverse neonatal outcomes, but there is currently no treatment for poor placentation itself. Instead, management relies on identifying the consequences of poor placentation in the mother and fetus, with iatrogenic preterm delivery to minimise mortality and morbidity. Several promising therapies are currently under development to treat poor placentation, to improve fetal growth, and to prevent adverse neonatal outcomes. Interventions such as maternal nitric oxide donors, sildenafil citrate, vascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy, hydrogen sulphide donors, and statins address the underlying pathology, while maternal melatonin administration may provide fetal neuroprotection. In the future, these may provide a range of synergistic therapies for pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction, depending on the severity and gestation of onset. © 2014 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
MAT‐CAP: a novel medication assessment tool to explore adherence to clinical practice guidelines in community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Høgli June Utnes , Småbrekke Lars , Garcia Beate Hennie 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBackground/purposeCommunity‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. Adherence to clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in treatment of CAP is associated with favourable outcome. We aimed to develop and validate a medication assessment tool (MAT) to explore adherence to CPG recommendations in patients with CAP admitted to a Norwegian hospital. The tool is named MAT‐CAP.MethodSixteen quality indicators (QIs) based on local and international CPGs were developed. Content validity was explored in an expert panel using a two‐round modified Delphi technique. QIs demonstrating content valdity were reformulated into review criteria forming the MAT‐CAP. Feasibility and adherence to MAT‐CAP were explored in a retrospective study using data from electronic patient records of CAP patients admitted to the University Hospital of North Norway Tromso during 2008. Reliability was explored using Cohen's kappa (ĸ) statistics for inter‐ and intra‐observer agreements.ResultsContent validity was demonstrated for 15 QIs covering areas as initial empirical treatment, microbiological diagnostics, pathogen specific treatment, dose adjustment according to renal function, switch from intravenous to oral treatment and treatment duration. Overall reliability was excellent with ĸ‐values of 0.88 and 0.95 for inter‐observer and intra‐observer agreements, respectively. Overall applicability was 37.2%, and mean application times were 3.1 and 3.8 min for the two observers. Overall adherence to 812 criteria applied was 59% (range 0–100).ConclusionsWe have demonstrated content validity, feasibility and reliability of a 15‐criterion MAT‐CAP. Adherence results from applying MAT‐CAP criteria pinpointed areas with good clinical performance and areas with improvement potentials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐reparametrization invariance and Hamilton‐Jacobi approach to the cosmological σ‐model
Authors: van Holten J.W. , Kerner R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe construction of physical models with local time‐reparametrization invariance is reviewed. Negative‐energy contributions to the hamiltonian are shown to be crucial for the realization of this reparametrization symmetry. The covariant formulation of the dynamics is used to develop a time and gauge invariant Hamilton‐Jacobi theory. This formalism is applied to solve for the cosmology of a homogeneous universe of the Friedmann‐Lemaître‐Robertson‐Walker type. After a discussion of empty universes, the FLRW theory is extended with homogeneous scalar fields generically described by a σ‐model on some scalar manifold. An explicit gauge‐invariant solution is constructed for the non‐linear O(N)‐models.
Plant strengtheners enhance parasitoid attraction to herbivore‐damaged cotton via qualitative and quantitative changes in induced volatiles
Authors: Sobhy Islam S , Erb Matthias , Turlings Ted CJ 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDHerbivore‐damaged plants release a blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that differs from undamaged plants. These induced changes are known to attract the natural enemies of the herbivores and therefore are expected to be important determinants of the effectiveness of biological control in agriculture. One way of boosting this phenomenon is the application of plant strengtheners, which has been shown to enhance parasitoid attraction in maize. It is unclear whether this is also the case for other important crops.RESULTSThe plant strengtheners BTH [benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole‐7‐carbothioic acid S‐methyl ester] and laminarin were applied to cotton plants, and the effects on volatile releases and the attraction of three hymenopteran parasitoids, Cotesia marginiventris, Campoletis sonorensis and Microplitis rufiventris, were studied. After treated and untreated plants were induced by real or simulated caterpillar feeding, it was found that BTH treatment increased the attraction of the parasitoids, whereas laminarin had no significant effect. BTH treatment selectively increased the release of two homoterpenes and reduced the emission of indole, the latter of which had been shown to interfere with parasitoid attraction in earlier studies. Canonical variate analyses of the data show that the parasitoid responses were dependent on the quality rather than the quantity of volatile emission in this tritrophic interaction.CONCLUSIONOverall, these results strengthen the emerging paradigm that induction of plant defences with chemical elicitors such as BTH could provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly strategy for biological control of pests by enhancing the attractiveness of cultivated plants to natural enemies of insect herbivores. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Towards X‐ray in‐situ visualization of ammonothermal crystal growth of nitrides
Authors: Schimmel Saskia , Künecke Ulrike , Baser Hasan , Steigerwald Thomas G. , Hertweck Benjamin , Alt Nicolas S. A. , Schlücker Eberhard , Schwieger Wilhelm , Wellmann Peter 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn‐situ X‐ray visualization of hydrothermal growth of silicalite‐1 is applied as an intermediate step for developing X‐ray in‐situ visualization techniques for ammonothermal growth of nitride materials. In‐situ X‐ray imaging of silicalite‐1 crystals grown by the bulk material dissolution technique (Shimizu and Hamada, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 38, 2725 (1999) [1]) is demonstrated using a stainless steel autoclave equipped with ceramic aluminium oxide windows.Processes in the reaction medium such as local density changes are also visualized. The transferability of the technique to ammonothermal growth of nitrides is evaluated. Furthermore, the applicability of windowless autoclaves for X‐ray in‐situ monitoring of ammonothermal crystal growth of nitrides is investigated.(© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)