bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding river dune splitting through flume experiments and analysis of a dune evolution model
Authors: Warmink Jord J. , Dohmen‐Janssen C. Marjolein , Lansink Joost , Naqshband Suleyman , van Duin Olav J. M. , Paarlberg Andries J. , Termes Paul , Hulscher Suzanne J. M. H. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTForecasts of water level during river floods require accurate predictions of the evolution of river dune dimensions, because the hydraulic roughness of the main channel is largely determined by the bed morphology. River dune dimensions are controlled by processes like merging and splitting of dunes. Particularly the process of dune splitting is still poorly understood and – as a result – not yet included in operational dune evolution models. In the current paper, the process of dune splitting is investigated by carrying out laboratory experiments and by means of a sensitivity analysis using a numerical dune evolution model. In the numerical model, we introduced superimposed TRIAS ripples (i.e. triangular asymmetric stoss side‐ripples) on the stoss sides of underlying dunes as soon as these stoss sides exceed a certain critical length. Simulations with the model including dune splitting showed that predictions of equilibrium dune characteristics were significantly improved compared to the model without dune splitting. As dune splitting is implemented in a parameterized way, the computational cost remains low which means that dune evolution can be calculated on the timescale of a flood wave. Subsequently, we used this model to study the mechanism of dune splitting.Literature showed that the initiation of a strong flow separation zone behind a superimposed bedform is one of the main mechanisms behind dune splitting. The flume experiments indicated that besides its height also the lee side slope of the superimposed bedform is an important factor to determine the strength of the flow separation zone and therefore is an important aspect in dune splitting. The sensitivity analysis of the dune evolution model showed that a minimum stoss side length was required to develop a strong flow separation zone. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OPTIMIZATION OF IRRIGATION WATER USE, YIELD, AND QUALITY OF 'NABBUT‐SAIF' DATE PALM UNDER DRY LAND CONDITIONS
Authors: Ismail Saleh M. , Al‐Qurashi Adel D. , Awad Mohamed A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA field experiment was conducted in the western part of Saudi Arabia to optimize irrigation water use (IWU), yields and quality of the 'Nabbut‐Saif' date palm grown in sandy loam soil under arid conditions. Four water regimes were investigated. The supplied amounts of irrigation water were 50, 65, 82 and 100% of date palm water requirements to the first (W1), second (W2), third (W3) and fourth (W4) water regimes, respectively. The daily water requirement was calculated using the Penman–Montieth equation for dry climates and applied to the trees three times a week through a drip irrigation system.Results indicated that giving 65% of total date palm water requirement maximized date yield by producing 46.1 kg per tree and resulted in the best IWU (0.8 m3 kg−1 per tree). Increasing the water regime to 82 and 100% of total water requirement produced only 45.5 and 46 kg per tree respectively and reduced IWU. Generally, fruit quality characteristics were insignificantly affected by the water regimes investigated. The results suggested that supplying 34 m3 yr−1 per tree for date palms grown under the conditions of the western part of Saudi Arabia is enough to maximize IWU, yield and quality of the 'Nabbut‐Saif' date palm cultivar. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facial affect perception and mentalizing abilities in female patients with persistent somatoform pain disorder
Authors: Schönenberg M. , Mares L. , Smolka R. , Jusyte A. , Zipfel S. , Hautzinger M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have demonstrated a robust link between alexithymic traits and somatic complaints in patients suffering from psychosomatic disorders, while less is known about disease‐related impairments in the processing of affective social information. Deficits in emotion recognition can lead to misinterpretations of social signals and induce distress in interpersonal interactions. This, in turn, might contribute to somatoform symptomatology in affected individuals. The aim of the present study was to investigate basal facial affect recognition as well as higher‐order cognitive mind‐reading skills in order to further clarify the association between alexithymia and the processing of social affective information in a homogenous sample of patients suffering from somatoform pain.MethodsWe employed a series of animated morph clips that gradually displayed the onset and development of the six basic emotional expressions to investigate facial affect perception in a female sample of patients diagnosed with persistent somatoform pain disorder (PSPD) and matched healthy controls. In addition, all participants were presented with the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition to explore mind‐reading abilities.ResultsSpecifically impaired mentalizing skills and increased alexithymic traits were observed in PSPD, while emotional facial expression recognition appeared to be intact in these patients.ConclusionsPSPD subjects tend to overattribute inappropriate affective states to others, which could be the consequence of the inability to adequately experience and express their own emotional reactions. This cognitive bias might lead to the experience of poor psychosocial functioning and has the potential to negatively impact the course and outcome of this psychopathology.
Toxic effects of colloidal nanosilver in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Olasagasti Maider , Gatti Antonietta M. , Capitani Federico , Barranco Alejandro , Pardo Miguel Angel , Escuredo Kepa , Rainieri Sandra 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA variety of consumer products containing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are currently marketed. However, their safety for humans and for the environment has not yet been established and no standard method to assess their toxicity is currently available. The objective of this work was to develop an effective method to test Ag NP toxicity and to evaluate the effects of ion release and Ag NP size on a vertebrate model. To this aim, the zebrafish animal model was exposed to a solution of commercial nanosilver. While the exposure of embryos still surrounded by the chorion did not allow a definite estimation of the toxic effects exerted by the compound, the exposure for 48 h of 3‐day‐old zebrafish hatched embryos afforded a reliable evaluation of the effects of Ag NPs. The effects of the exposure were detected especially at molecular level; in fact, some selected genes expressed differentially after the exposure. The Ag NP toxic performance was due to the combined effect of Ag+ ion release and Ag NP size. However, the effect of NP size was particularly detectable at the lowest concentration of nanosilver tested (0.01 mg l–1) and depended on the solubilization media. The results obtained indicate that in vivo toxicity studies of nanosilver should be performed with ad hoc methods (in this case using hatched embryos) that might be different depending on the type of nanosilver. Moreover, the addition of this compound to commercial products should take into consideration the Ag NP solubilization media. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal Liver Stromal Cells Support Blast Growth in Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis in Down Syndrome Through GM‐CSF
Authors: Miyauchi Jun , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTTransient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in neonates with Down syndrome, which spontaneously resolves within several weeks or months after birth, may represent a very special form of leukemia arising in the fetal liver (FL). To explore the role of the fetal hematopoietic microenvironment in the pathogenesis of TAM, we examined the in vitro influences of stromal cells of human FL and fetal bone marrow (FBM) on the growth of TAM blasts. Both FL and FBM stromal cells expressed mesenchymal cell antigens (vimentin, α‐smooth muscle actin, CD146, and nestin), being consistent with perivascular cells/mesenchymal stem cells that support hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, a small fraction of the FL stromal cells expressed an epithelial marker, cytokeratin 8, indicating that they could be cells in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the coculture system, stromal cells of the FL, but not FBM, potently supported the growth of TAM blast progenitors, mainly through humoral factors. High concentrations of hematopoietic growth factors were detected in culture supernatants of the FL stromal cells and a neutralizing antibody against granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) almost completely inhibited the growth‐supportive activity of the culture supernatants. These results indicate that FL stromal cells with unique characteristics of EMT cells provide a pivotal hematopoietic microenvironment for TAM blasts and that GM‐CSF produced by FL stromal cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of TAM. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1176–1186, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of serologic assays for diagnosing acute hepatitis E in national surveillance of a nonendemic area
Authors: Wu Wen‐Chieh , Su Chien‐Wei , Yang Jyh‐Yuan , Lin Szu‐Fong , Chen Jen‐Yu , Wu Jaw‐Ching 
Published: January 2014

AbstractVariant performance of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) hepatitis E virus (HEV) assays may impact the diagnosis. The present study aimed to evaluate four different IgM/IgG assays for HEV infection for application in national surveillance in nonendemic areas. Sera from 300 patients that were stored in the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) of Taiwan for suspected acute HEV infection from 2004 to 2008, and 18 serum samples from acute cases of HEV infection in Taipei Veteran General Hospital were evaluated. Performances of EIAgen HEV IgG/M (Adaltis, Bologna, Italy), recomWell HEV IgG/M (Mikrogen, Neuried, Germany), MP HEV IgG/M (MP Biomedicals, Singapore), and in‐house kits, HEVLPs (HEV virus‐like particles) IgG/M were compared. Positive results of serum RNA detected by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction were defined as the definite diagnosis. There were five genotype 1, one genotype 3, and nine genotype 4 HEV samples. The four different IgM/IgG assays had excellent performance in terms of negative predictive value (98.4–100%) and varying performance in relation to sensitivity (66.7–93.3%) and specificity (62.9–95.6%). RecomWell IgM had the best overall performance. In addition, the combination of anti‐HEV IgM ELISA with anti‐HEV IgG or another anti‐HEV IgM ELISA provided better screening performance, especially the recomWell IgM and HEVLPs IgM combination (area under the receiver operating curve: 0.94; sensitivity: 100%, specificity 88.1%). In conclusion, anti‐HEV IgM ELISA is a good screening test for the national surveillance of acute HEV infection in nonendemic areas and not limited by inconsistent performances of sensitivity and specificity among different assays. J. Med. Virol. 86:720–728, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The involvement of ADAMTS‐5 genetic polymorphisms in predisposition and diffusion tensor imaging alterations of lumbar disc degeneration
Authors: Wu Nan , Chen Jun , Liu Hao , Zhao Luo , Liu Sen , Liu Jiaqi , Su Xinlin , Wu Wenliang , Cong Jin , Qiu Guixing , Wu Zhihong 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTPurpose: Low back pain is a global health problem in which more than 40% is caused by lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (LDD). ADAMTS‐5 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs‐5) was shown to be involved in LDD by functional analyses. To identify whether there is an association between ADAMTS‐5 and LDD, and what is the contribution of ADAMTS‐5 genetic polymorphisms to MD (Mean diffusivity) changes in lumbar IVD (Intervertebral disc). We firstly genotyped selected ADAMTS‐5 SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) in a Chinese Han population. After the primary analyses of allelic, genotypic, and haplotypic association, we performed SNP–SNP interaction analysis. We subsequently genotyped another 50 participants and acquired the corresponding MD values from individual lumbar IVDs. The association analysis between the genotypic groups divided by the above positive SNPs and the corresponding MD values were also performed. Significant associations were identified in rs151058, rs229052, and rs162502. None of the 2‐SNP haplotypic analysis survived the 10,000 permutation test. The following interaction analysis demonstrated that rs151058 was strong associated with LDD when conditioning on rs162502. Significant difference of MD values between AA and G+ carriers was identified in rs162502. This is the first study indicating that the SNPs of ADAMTS‐5 may contribute to predisposition of LDD. An interaction between rs151058 and rs229052 may exist in ADAMTS‐5 with LDD. The rs162502 might be associated with altered MD values. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:686–694, 2014.
Complications and survival associated with operative procedures in patients with unresectable pancreatic head adenocarcinoma
Authors: Spanheimer Philip M. , Cyr Anthony R. , Liao Junlin , Johlin Frederick C. , Hoshi Hisakazu , Howe James R. , Mezhir James J. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundUnresectable tumors of the pancreatic head are encountered in up to 20% of patients taken for resection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the complications and outcome associated with palliative surgical procedures to help guide management decisions in these patients.MethodsPatients with pancreatic head adenocarcinoma taken to the operating room with curative intent who did not undergo pancreatectomy were evaluated.ResultsFrom 1997 to 2013, 50 patients were explored and found be unresectable due to M1 disease (n = 27, 54.0%) or vascular invasion (n = 23, 46.0%). Among unresectable patients, 34 (68.0%) had a palliative procedure performed including double bypass (n = 13), biliary bypass (n = 7), gastrojejunostomy (n = 5), or cholecystectomy (n = 9). Complications occurred in 22 patients (44.0%), and patients who had a palliative operation had a longer hospital stay and more major complications. Overall survival was reduced in patients treated with a palliative operation.ConclusionsDespite advancements in endoscopic palliation, operative bypasses are still commonplace in patients with unresectable pancreatic head cancer. In this study, patients treated with operative procedures had a high rate of complications without a notable improvement in outcome. These findings highlight the importance of identifying unresectable disease prior to surgery and support a selective approach to palliative operations. J. Surg. Oncol 2014; 109:697–701. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methods for Examining Cancer Symptom Clusters Over Time
Authors: Xiao Canhua , Bruner Deborah Watkins , Jennings Bonnie Mowinski , Hanlon Alexandra L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this article, we address statistical techniques appropriate for examining longitudinal changes in cancer symptom clusters. When the cluster structure is not pre‐determined, researchers may examine symptom clusters either at each time point or use composite scores to examine the symptom clusters across time points. When the cluster structures are pre‐determined, the statistical techniques depend on the research assumptions or purposes. Multilevel modeling, generalized estimating equations, latent growth curve modeling, and multivariate repeated‐measure analysis of variance are good choices for exploring whole cluster changes over time. Alternately, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis are appropriate techniques for examining changes in symptom relationships within clusters over time. Each technique is described, with examples and strengths and weaknesses. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of a Causal Model of Agitation Among Institutionalized Residents With Dementia in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yi‐Heng , Lin Li‐Chan , Chen Kuen‐Bao , Liu Yu‐Cheng 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test a causal model of the predictors of agitation among 405 nursing home residents in Taiwan with varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Chart review and behavioral observations were used to assess residents' physical and psychosocial condition. The final version of the model had a good fit. Cognitive function and depression had direct effects on agitation, and pain and functional ability had indirect effects on agitation via depression. Additionally, cognitive function and pain influenced functional ability directly, which in turn influenced depression and ultimately influenced agitation. The results suggest that effective management of agitation in demented residents requires identifying the needs underlying the behavior rather than directly treating the behavior itself. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent developments in nanostructured polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐based materials via ‘controlled’ radical polymerization
Authors: Hussain Hazrat , Shah Syed M 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) compounds consist of unique three‐dimensional nanocages with a general composition of (RSiO1.5)n, where R groups are organic moieties for enhanced physical and chemical compatibility of inorganic POSS frameworks with organic systems. Due to their unique size, structure and properties there has been tremendous progress over the last decade or so in the chemistry and applications of POSSs in various fields of materials, nanoscience and nanotechnology. Advances in synthetic polymer chemistry, particularly the advent of ‘controlled’ radical polymerization (CRP), namely atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer and nitroxide‐mediated polymerization, have enabled polymer chemists to integrate inorganic POSS nanocages into well‐defined copolymers of almost any architecture, thus generating nanostructured materials with controlled molar masses and compositions, and well‐defined and tunable morphologies. Thus, these new strategies of employing POSS nanocages in polymer chemistry could lead to potential new applications in various areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The present paper covers recent trends and developments over the last five years or so in POSS‐based nanostructured materials via CRP. Also included is the combined CRP and ‘click’ chemistry approach to achieve POSS‐containing well‐defined hybrid copolymers. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Ionic effects on the behavior of thermoresponsive PEO–PNIPAAm block copolymers
Authors: Henderson Ian M. , Adams Peter G. , Montaño Gabriel A. , Paxton Walter F. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe temperature‐dependent aggregation and recovery of the copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)22‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)29 with a C12 end‐cap in aqueous solutions of salts and acids are investigated. Salt solutions affected the critical aggregation temperature of the copolymer in a manner predictable according to the Hofmeister series, with the kosmotropic adipic ion lowering the critical aggregation temperature and the chaotropic iodide raising it. Also, both salts and acids increased the size of copolymer aggregates formed with heating, due to the electrostatic shielding of aggregated structures provided by the electrolytes. Additionally, the presence of ionic additives caused a thermohysteretic increase in the size of copolymer aggregates with temperature cycling. The transitions of polymer structure with increasing temperature were surprisingly sharp with the C12 end‐cap present, and particularly broad in samples in which the end cap had been cleaved. This observation suggested that the hydrophobic end group was responsible for imparting some degree of order to the polymer at low temperatures, which allowed for rapid reconfiguration with increasing temperature. Finally, in addition to the transitions expected from the least critical solution temperature behavior of the polymer blocks, we have observed an unexpected additional transition which we attribute to the contraction of the poly(ethylene oxide) chains of the copolymer aggregates at higher temperatures. This work illustrates the importance of considering the environment and composition of thermoresponsive block copolymers in certain applications, particularly in solutions with even modest electrolyte concentrations (1–10 mM), as it can have a profound effect on transition temperatures and morphology. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 507–516
Low energy induced homolytic fragmentation of flavonol 3‐O‐glycosides by negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Wen‐Zhi , Qiao Xue , Bo Tao , Wang Qing , Guo De‐An , Ye Min 
Published: January 2014

RATIONALENegative ESI‐QIT‐MS of several subtypes of flavonoid O‐glycosides is known to produce deprotonated molecular ions which undergo homolytic fragmentation at the glycosidic bond upon collision‐induced dissociation (CID). However, these subtypes have never been simultaneously compared under unified MS conditions.METHODSThe (−)‐ESI‐MSn fragmentations of 69 flavonoid O‐glycosides, involving eight subtypes, were analyzed using a quadrupole ion‐trap mass spectrometer with collision energies varying from 18–44%. Factors influencing the homolytic glycosidic bond fragmentation, such as collision energy, hydroxylation of aglycone, and glycosylation pattern, were comprehensively studied.RESULTSUnder the unified CID‐QIT‐MS2 conditions, the precursor deprotonated molecular ions [M–H]– for 3‐O‐glycosyl, 3,7‐di‐O‐glycosyl and 3,6,7‐tri‐O‐glycosyl flavonols experienced homolytic fragmentation at the glycosidic bond and generated the radical aglycone ion [Y0–H]–•. This gas‐phase CID fragmentation behavior was not observed for the other subtypes. A general trend was found that hydroxyl substitution at C‐6, glycosylation at C‐6/C‐7, and acetylation of the saccharide moiety remarkably suppressed this fragmentation. In addition, flavonol 3‐O‐diglycosides (disaccharides) possessing a 1 → 2 glycosidic bond generated more abundant [Y0–H]–• product ions than those with a 1 → 3 or 1 → 6 bond. The terminal sugar triggered the homolytic fragmentation in the order Rha > Xyl > Glc. Moreover, new counterexamples were found for previously reported fragmentation rules.CONCLUSIONSThe low‐energy CID homolytic fragmentation was diagnostic for structural identification of flavonol 3‐O‐glycosides. We have summarized key factors affecting this fragmentation. The results could be useful for rapid characterization of flavonoid O‐glycosides in complicated herbal extracts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.