bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Steam Reforming Catalyst Geometry on the Performance of Tubular Reformer – Simulation Calculations
Authors: Franczyk Ewelina , Gołębiowski Andrzej , Borowiecki Tadeusz , Kowalik Paweł , Wróbel Waldemar 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A proper selection of steam reforming catalyst geometry has a direct effect on the efficiency and economy of hydrogen production from natural gas and is a very important technological and engineering issue in terms of process optimisation. This paper determines the influence of widely used seven-hole grain diameter (ranging from 11 to 21 mm), h/d (height/diameter) ratio of catalyst grain and Sh/St (hole surface/total cylinder surface in cross-section) ratio (ranging from 0.13 to 0.37) on the gas load of catalyst bed, gas flow resistance, maximum wall temperature and the risk of catalyst coking. Calculations were based on the one-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous model of a steam reforming tubular reactor, with catalyst parameters derived from our investigations. The process analysis shows that it is advantageous, along the whole reformer tube length, to apply catalyst forms of h/d = 1 ratio, relatively large dimensions, possibly high bed porosity and Sh/St ≈ 0.30-0.37 ratio. It enables a considerable process intensification and the processing of more natural gas at the same flow resistance, despite lower bed activity, without catalyst coking risk. Alternatively, plant pressure drop can be reduced maintaining the same gas load, which translates directly into diminishing the operating costs as a result of lowering power consumption for gas compression.
Changes in Biomarkers of Exposure and Subjective Effects When Smokers Switch to Dual Use of Cigarettes and Either Snus or a Dissolvable Tobacco Product: A Summary of Three Clinical Studies
Authors: Round Elaine K. , Campbell Leanne R. , Stiles Mitchell F. , Dixon Michael , Borgerding Michael F. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARY
A series of ambulatory clinical studies were conducted to evaluate changes in biomarkers of tobacco exposure and subjective product ratings when adult smokers switched to dual use of cigarettes with Camel Strips (Strips), Camel Sticks (Sticks), or Camel (SNUS). In all studies, subjects smoked ad libitum for one week (baseline). In incremental stages over three subsequent weeks, subjects were instructed to reduce cigarettes per day (CPD) by at least 75% and include use of one type of smokeless tobacco product (STP). Product use data was recorded by subjects daily, questionnaires were administered and smoked cigarette filters and used snus pouches were collected weekly, and 24-hour urine samples were collected at baseline and the end of dual use for measurement of biomarkers of tobacco exposure. In total, 100 subjects were enrolled, and 88 completed the studies. At the end of dual use, mean CPD reductions of approximately 60% were reported in all studies. Median levels of biomarkers of 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and acrolein either did not statistically significantly change or showed statistically significant decreases in all studies. Serum and urinary nicotine biomarkers did not significantly change. Twentyfive additional biomarkers were measured only in the SNUS study. Of those, 18 biomarkers statistically significantly decreased 12.4-35.7%. No statistically significant increases in biomarker levels were observed in any of the studies. Decreases in some biomarkers confirmed that smoking reductions occurred but were less than the reported CPD reductions. Mouth-level exposure estimates suggest subjects did not significantly alter their puffing behavior to compensate for decreased CPD. Acceptability ratings of cigarettes decreased significantly during dual use, while ratings of Strips and SNUS increased, suggesting that the change in use behavior affected subjects’ perceptions of the products. Results from these studies suggest that smokers who switch to dual use with either dissolvable tobacco or snus will likely not increase tobacco constituent exposure and may reduce exposure to some tobacco toxicants, especially those associated with combustion.
Effect of Pore Structure of Cigarette Paper on the Yield of Carbon Monoxide in Mainstream Smoke During Cigarette Burning
Authors: Wei Luo , Donghong Yin , Duo Ding , Zeliang Chen , Pingjun Wang , Kejun Zhong , Jianxin Ren 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARY
Two cigarette papers with the same basis weight and permeability but different pore structures were prepared. The effect of the pore structure after pyrolysis on CO yield in mainstream smoke was investigated by heating the papers to 250 °C. Diffusivity, permeability, pore size distribution, and pore volume of the cigarette papers before and after heating were also measured. The pore structures of the completely pyrolyzed cigarette paper in the burning cone and the incompletely pyrolyzed area near the char line were elucidated. CO yield in mainstream and sidestream smoke and the temperature distribution of the burning cone were evaluated. Diffusivity and permeability of the cigarette papers after heating were significantly higher than of the control sample after heating. The volume of pores in the cigarette paper with a size of 0.1-8.0 μm was increased, which decreased CO content in mainstream smoke. An increase in the amount of micropores facilitates CO diffusion from mainstream to sidestream smoke.
The action of a compact Lie group on nilpotent Lie algebras of type {{n,2}}
Authors: Falcone Giovanni , Figula Ágota 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We classify finite-dimensional real nilpotent Lie algebras with 2-dimensional central commutator ideals admitting a Lie group of automorphisms isomorphic to

SO
2

⁢

(
ℝ
)

${{\mathrm{SO}}_{2}(\mathbb{R})}$

. This is the first step to extend the class of nilpotent Lie algebras

𝔥

${{\mathfrak{h}}}$

of type

{
n
,
2
}

${\{n,2\}}$

to solvable Lie algebras in which

𝔥

${{\mathfrak{h}}}$

has codimension one.
Correlation and Path Analysis in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Gjorgjieva Biljana , Karov Ilija , Mitrev Sasa , Ruzdik Natalija Markova , Kostadinovska Emilija , Kovacevik Biljana 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the correlation between agronomic traits and seed yield of sunflower hybrids and also to determine the direct and indirect effects of analyzed traits on seed yield. The primary task in sunflower breeding programs is to increase the seed yield, as well as create new hybrids with high potential for seed and oil yield. The experiment was set up according to randomized block design during two growing seasons (2013 and 2014), on research area of the Faculty of Agriculture, “Goce Delchev” University – Shtip, in Ovche Pole locality, Republic of Macedonia. As an experimental material 20 sunflower hybrids were used. 1,000 seed weight, seed length and width, oil content, oleic acid content and seed yield were analyzed. 1,000 seed weight showed positive and significant correlation with seed width, seed length and seed yield. On the other hand, negative and significant correlation was obtained between 1,000 seed weight and oil content. 1,000 seed weight expressed the highest positive direct effect on seed yield. The results obtained from correlation and path analysis showed that the efficiency in the selection of seed yield in sunflower hybrids should increased through the selection of 1,000 seed weight.
The role of Bni5 in the regulation of septin higher-order structure formation
Authors: Patasi Csilla , Godočíková Jana , Michlíková Soňa , Nie Yan , Káčeriková Radka , Kválová Katarína , Raunser Stefan , Farkašovský Marian 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Septins are a family of conserved cytoskeletal proteins playing an essential role in cytokinesis and in many other cellular processes in fungi and animals. In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, septins form filaments and higher-order structures at the mother-bud neck depending on the particular stage of the cell cycle. Septin structures at the division plane serve as a scaffold to recruit the proteins required for particular cellular processes. The formation and localization of septin structures at particular stages of the cell cycle also determine functionality of these proteins. Many different proteins participate in regulating septin assembly. Despite recent developments, we are only beginning to understand how specific protein-protein interactions lead to changes in the polymerization of septin filaments or assembly of higher-order structures. Here, using fluorescence and electron microscopy, we found that Bni5 crosslinks septin filaments into networks by bridging pairs or multiple filaments, forming structures that resemble railways. Furthermore, Bni5 appears to be a substrate of the Elm1 protein kinase in vitro. Moreover, Elm1 induces in the presence of Bni5 disassembly of long septin filaments, suggesting that these proteins may participate in the hourglass to double ring transition. This work gives new insight into the regulatory role of Bni5 in the structural changes of septins.
Class, Status, and Education: The Influence of Parental Resources on IEO in Europe, 1893-1987
Authors: Meraviglia Cinzia , Buis Maarten L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:There is a long tradition of studying the influence of parental background on educational attainment of the offspring. Recently the emphasis in this tradition has shifted to the question of what parental background is. In particular, what contributes to social background, for example parental occupational status, parental occupational class, and/or parental education? Moreover, who contributes to parental background, the mother, the father, or both? In this article we asked the question whether these different components of parental background are stable across time and across countries, or are some components more important in some countries or periods than in other countries or periods. We were able to reject the hypothesis that the contributions of the different components were constant across 29 European countries. In most of these countries we were also able to reject that these contributions were constant over time.
Method of Assessing the Number of Technicians in Service of Manufacturing System
Authors: Usubamatov R. , Bhuvenesh R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractProductivity rate of manufacturing systems depends on technology, reliability of machinery, management, etc. The main attribute of machine’s reliability, which is availability plays important role for determination of the number of technicians that support the workability of the multi-stations the manufacturing system. The random downtimes of the productive machines have probabilistic nature. Failures of machines can coincide that lead to increasing downtimes and decreasing output of machinery. Practically, a technician conducts repairs of failures for one machine, but at the same time other failed machines can be in downtime until the failed machine in servicing. This situation leads to increase idle time of machines and hence a manufacturing system. How many machines should be in service by one technician is typical problem for industries. The proposed paper is represented the mathematical method with probabilistic approach for determining the number of technicians for servicing the manufacturing systems with minimum downtimes.
Adipokines in umbilical cord blood from children born large for gestational age
Authors: Lausten-Thomsen Ulrik , Christiansen Michael , Hedley Paula Louise , Holm Jens-Christian , Schmiegelow Kjeld 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe etiology of childhood obesity and the associated morbidity is multifactorial. Recently, data suggesting a prenatal programming towards later childhood obesity and metabolic deregulation through the intrauterine environment has emerged. This study explored the concentrations of adipokines and their mutual relationship at birth in children born to non-diabetic mothers.Adiponectin, leptin and sOB-R were measured using ELISA-based commercial kits in umbilical cord blood from 60 neonates (30 born large for gestational age [LGA] and 30 born appropriate for gestational age [AGA]). Children exposed to maternal diabetes, chronic disease and preeclampsia were excluded.The LGA group exhibited significantly elevated concentrations of leptin (p<0.001) and of free leptin index (p<0.001) and decreased sOB-R concentrations (p=0.005) when compared to the AGA group, which persisted in multiple regression analysis after taking the gestational age into account (p=0.048, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Only a trend towards a difference in adiponectin was demonstrated (p=0.057) regardless of adjustment (p=0.150). However, the leptin/adiponectin ratio was elevated in the LGA group (p=0.008), regardless of adjustment (p=0.039).The data indicate a disturbance of adipokines in macrosomic newborns and that the mutual ratios between adipokines may provide a more sensitive marker of metabolic disturbance than any isolated adipokine.
Current and future perspective of newborn screening: an Indian scenario
Authors: Kaur Gurjit , Thakur Kiran , Kataria Sandeep , Singh Teg Rabab , Chavan Bir Singh , Kaur Gurpreet , Atwal Rajiv 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNewborn screening comprises a paramount public health program seeking timely detection, diagnosis, and intervention for genetic disorders that may otherwise produce serious clinical consequences. Today newborn screening is part of the health care system of developed countries, whereas in India, newborn screening is still in the toddler stage.We searched PubMed with the keywords newborn screening for metabolic disorders, newborn screening in India, and congenital disorder in neonates, and selected publications that seem appropriate.In India, in spite of the high birth rate and high frequency of metabolic disorders, newborn screening programs are not part of the health care system. At Union Territory, Chandigarh in 2007, newborn screening was initiated and is currently ongoing for three disorders, that is, congenital hypothyroidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Prevalence of these disorders is found to be 1:1400 for congenital hypothyroidism, 1:6334 for congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and 1:80 for G6PD deficiency.Mandatory newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism should be implemented in India, and other disorders can be added in the screening panel on the basis of region-wise prevalence. The objective of this review is to provide insight toward present scenario of newborn screening in India along with recommendations to combat the hurdles in the pathway of mandatory newborn screening.
Carnitine insufficiency in children with inborn errors of metabolism: prevalence and treatment efficacy
Authors: Mamedov Ilgar , Zolkina Irina , Nikolaeva Ekaterina , Glagovsky Pavel , Sukhorukov Vladimir 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCarnitine is necessary for the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from the cytosol into mitochondria for subsequent β-oxidation. A carnitine deficiency results in impaired energy production from fatty acids.We reviewed the plasma level of total carnitine, free carnitine, and acylcarnitines in 1270 children with psychomotor retardation, low growth, and weight parameters. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was applied. Low free carnitine level in plasma was used as a marker of carnitine deficiency.A total of 102 (8%) children had free carnitine level <19 μmol/L (norm 19–60 μmol/L). As a result of the subsequent investigation, hereditary diseases were diagnosed in 76 (¾) children and out of that 19 had very low free carnitine plasma level (<10 μmol/L). Fanconi syndrome, fat oxidation defects, primary systemic carnitine deficiency, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, and Noonan syndrome were revealed in these 19 children.Efficacy of levocarnitine treatment in children with very low free carnitine level differs according to pathogenesis of diseases. The highest efficacy was observed in primary systemic carnitine deficiency.
Is intrauterine surgery justified? Report from the working group on ultrasound in obstetrics of the World Association of Perinatal Medicine (WAPM)
Authors: Moreira de Sá Renato Augusto , Nassar de Carvalho Paulo Roberto , Kurjak Asim , Adra Abdallah , Dayyabu Aliyu Labaran , Ebrashy Alaa , Pooh Ritsuko , Sen Cihat , Wataganara Tuangsit , Stanojevic Milan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFetal surgery involves a large number of heterogeneous interventions that vary from simple and settled procedures to very sophisticated or still-in-development approaches. The overarching goal of fetal interventions is clear: to improve the health of children by intervening before birth to correct or treat prenatally diagnosed abnormalities. This article provides an overview of fetal interventions, ethical approaches in fetal surgery, and benefits obtained from antenatal surgeries.
Limb abnormality in a neotropical scansorial marsupial, Gracilinanus agilis (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)
Authors: Mendonça André Faria , Bocchiglieri Adriana , Vieira Marcus V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this study, we describe a limb abnormality, possibly ectrodactyly, in a male adult gracile mouse opossum (
Null arguments in transitional trilingual grammars: Field observations from Misionero German
Authors: Putnam Michael T. , Lipski John 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this field note we discuss findings from pilot research on a variety of heritage German spoken in the Northeastern Province of Misiones of Argentina. Based on sociolinguistic field interviews with 25 consultants possessing varying degrees of proficiency in the language, we show that this variant of heritage German does in fact occasionally display instances of both null subjects (e.g.
Perspective in signed discourse: the privileged status of the signer’s locus and gaze
Authors: Engberg-Pedersen Elisabeth 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn gesture studies character viewpoint and observer viewpoint (McNeill 1992) characterize co-speech gestures depending on whether the gesturer’s hand and body imitate a referent’s hand and body or the hand represents a referent in its entirety. In sign languages, handling handshapes and entity handshapes are used in depicting predicates. Narratives in Danish Sign Language (DTS) elicited to make signers describe an event from either the agent’s or the patient’s perspective demonstrate that discourse perspective is expressed by which referent, the agent or the patient, the signers represent at their own locus. This is reflected in the orientation and movement direction of the manual articulator, not by the type of representation in the articulator. Signers may also imitate the gaze direction of the referent represented at their locus or have eye contact with the addressees. When they represent a referent by their own locus and simultaneously have eye contact with the addressee, the construction mixes referent perspective and narrator perspective. This description accords with an understanding of linguistic perspective as grounded in bodily perspective within a physical scene (Sweetser 2012) and relates the deictic and attitudinal means for expressing perspective in sign languages to the way perspective is expressed in spoken languages.
The parallel development of the form and meaning of two-handed gestures and linguistic information packaging within a clause in narrative
Authors: Sekine Kazuki , Kita Sotaro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe examined how two-handed gestures and speech with equivalent contents that are used in narrative develop during childhood. The participants were 40 native speakers of English consisting of four different age groups: 3-, 5-, 9-year-olds, and adults. A set of 10 video clips depicting motion events were used to elicit speech and gesture. There are two findings. First, two types of two-handed gestures showed different developmental changes: those with a single-handed stroke with a simultaneous hold increased with age, while those with a two handed-stroke decreased with age. Second, representational gesture and speech developed in parallel at the discourse level. More specifically, the ways in which information is packaged in a gesture and in a clause are similar for a given age group; that is, gesture and speech develop hand-in-hand.
Dynamic CT angiography for cyberknife radiosurgery planning of intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a technical/ feasibility report
Authors: Haridass Anoop , Maclean Jillian , Chakraborty Santanu , Sinclair John , Szanto Janos , Iancu Daniela , Malone Shawn 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Background. Successful radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) requires accurate nidus delineation in the 3D treatment planning system (TPS). The catheter biplane digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) has traditionally been the gold standard for evaluation of the AVM nidus, but its 2D nature limits its value for contouring and it cannot be imported into the Cyberknife TPS. We describe a technique for acquisition and integration of 3D dynamic CT angiograms (dCTA) into the Cyberknife TPS for intracranial AVMs and review the feasibility of using this technique in the first patient cohort.
Patients and methods. Dynamic continuous whole brain CT images were acquired in a Toshiba 320 volume CT scanner with data reconstruction every 0.5 sec. This multi-time-point acquisition enabled us to choose the CT dataset with the clearest nidus without significant enhancement of surrounding blood vessels. This was imported to the Cyberknife TPS and co-registered with planning CT and T2 MRI (2D DSA adjacent for reference). The feasibility of using dCTA was evaluated in the first thirteen patients with outcome evaluation from patient records.
Results. dCTA data was accurately co-registered in the Cyberknife TPS and appeared to assist in nidus contouring for all patients. Imaging modalities were complementary. 85% of patients had complete (6/13) or continuing partial nidus obliteration (5/13) at 37 months median follow-up.
Conclusions. dCTA is a promising imaging technique that can be successfully imported into the Cyberknife TPS and appears to assist in radiosurgery nidus definition. Further study to validate its role is warranted.