bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of exercise on postprandial endothelial function in adolescent boys
Authors: Sedgwick Matthew J. , Morris John G. , Nevill Mary E. , Tolfrey Keith , Nevill Alan , Barrett Laura A. 
Published: December 2012

The ingestion of high-fat meals induces a state of endothelial dysfunction in adults. This dysfunction is attenuated by prior exercise. The response of young people to these nutritional and physiological stressors has not been established. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate if a bout of moderate-intensity exercise influenced endothelial function (as indicated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD)) following the ingestion of a high-fat breakfast and lunch in adolescent boys (aged 12·6–14·3 years). Two, 2 d main trials (control and exercise) were completed by thirteen adolescent boys in a counter-balanced, cross-over design. Participants were inactive on day 1 of the control trial, but completed 60 min of walking at 60 % peak oxygen uptake in the exercise trial. On day 2, endothelial function was assessed via FMD prior to, and following, ingestion of a high-fat breakfast and lunch. There was no difference in fasting FMD between the control and exercise trial (P= 0·449). In the control trial, FMD was reduced by 32 % following consumption of the high-fat breakfast and by 24 % following lunch. In the exercise trial, the corresponding reductions were 6 and 10 %, respectively (main effect trial, P= 0·002). These results demonstrate that moderate-intensity exercise can attenuate the decline in FMD seen following the consumption of high-fat meals in adolescent boys.
Development of interspecific hybrids of cassava and paternity analysis with molecular markers
Authors: DE J. VIEIRA L. , DE Q. TAVARES FILHO L. F. , SOUZA F. V. D. , ALVES A. A. C. , DE OLIVEIRA E. J. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThe present paper demonstrates the development of interspecific hybrids between Manihot esculenta Crantz ssp. esculenta (Mee) and M. esculenta Crantz ssp. flabellifolia (Mef) and paternity analysis using microsatellite markers [simple sequence repeat (SSR)]. Three Mef accessions (FLA005, FLA025V and FLA029V) were used for crosses with varieties of Mee: Saracura, Aipim Bravo, COL 1725, Aipim Rosa, Abóbora, Paraná and PER334. The paternity of the interspecific hybrids was investigated using 24 SSRs. The observed heterozygosity (Ho), polymorphic information content (PIC), probability of identity (PI) and paternity exclusion (PE) were evaluated. The rate of breeding success varied from 17 to 92%, and an average of two pollinations were required for each generated hybrid plant. The Ho value ranged from 0·11 to 0·92, and the PIC value ranged from 0·12 to 0·59. The uneven distribution of allele frequencies was accompanied by a high PI average (0·56). However, the combined PE for 21 loci was 0·99, which allows for the determination of the paternity of the hybrids with good discriminatory power. Of the 74 hybrids evaluated, 0·82 had their paternity confirmed using microsatellite markers. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) indicated the presence of eight clusters, of which, one was composed of only Mef varieties and the supposed hybrid Fla52Sar-H7, which was a product of apomixis. The parent Mee and hybrids were allocated in the other seven clusters. The data obtained demonstrate that SSR markers can be routinely used in breeding programmes to verify the paternity of interspecific crosses of cassava.
Lingual dermoid cyst with congenital discharging sinus: a rare entity
Authors: Sun Z , Sun L , Gao Y , Ma X 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjective:There have been few reports of lingual dermoid cysts with a congenital discharging fistula. We report such a case, which mimicked lipoma on computed tomography, and we discuss relevant clinical and radiological features.Method:We present a case report and a review of the English language literature concerning lingual dermoid cysts either mimicking lipoma or with a congenital discharging sinus.Results:A 35-year-old man presented with a lingual mass associated with a congenital fistula in the midline of the tongue dorsum, which discharged abnormal secretions. Computed tomography images showed that the lesion was well defined and contained homogeneous fatty tissue giving computed tomography attenuation values of −120 Hounsfield units.Conclusion:Lingual dermoid cysts may develop with a midline discharging fistula, and may exhibit radiological similarity to lipomas on computed tomography.
The possibility for a voltage measurement technique using paraelectric behavior of capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: BURM K. T. A. L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn argon plasma is created from a general capacitively coupled plasma source and monitored by optical emission spectroscopy. A relation between the line intensity and the applied voltage is obtained and discussed. The plasma shows paraelectric behavior. A linear relation exists between the electric capacity of the capacitively coupled plasma and the applied voltage. This linear relation can be used in a new voltage measurement technique in which the applied voltage can be calculated from the measured line intensity.
Emotional force of languages in multilingual speakers in Finland
Authors: RÄSÄNEN SANNA HEINI MARIA , PINE JULIAN M. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether the better recall of emotional words applies to both native and later-learned languages. In a mixed design, 41 native Finnish speakers, who were substantially less proficient in their later-learned languages, which were English (second language) and Swedish (third language), were shown negative/taboo, positive, and neutral words in the three languages. Their memory for the words was assessed in an unexpected free recall test preceded by a depth of processing task (deep or shallow). The results revealed that an emotion-word advantage was visible for negatively valenced words (negative/taboo) in the native language, Finnish, and the second language, English. However, the nature of the processing task had no significant effect on recall. Additional self-report measures indicated that English was perceived as more emotional and more frequently used than Swedish. These results suggest that the amount and frequency of everyday exposure to a particular language are two critical factors in determining the degree of emotionality of that language for the speaker.
Noun case suffix use by children with specific language impairment: An examination of Finnish
Authors: LEONARD LAURENCE B. , KUNNARI SARI , SAVINAINEN-MAKKONEN TUULA , TOLONEN ANNA-KAISA , MÄKINEN LEENA , LUOTONEN MIRJA , LEINONEN EEVA 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTA group of Finnish-speaking children with specific language impairment (N= 15,Mage = 5 years, 2 months [5;2]), a group of same-age typically developing peers (N= 15,Mage = 5;2), and a group of younger typically developing children (N= 15,Mage = 3;8) were compared in their use of accusative, partitive, and genitive case noun suffixes. The children with specific language impairment were less accurate than both groups of typically developing children in case marking, suggesting that their difficulties with agreement extend to grammatical case. However, these children were also less accurate in making the phonological changes in the stem needed for suffixation. This second type of error suggests that problems in morphophonology may constitute a separate problem in Finnish specific language impairment.
Quality assurance in medical microbiology
Authors: Snell J. J. S. , Hurley Rosalinde 
Published: December 2012

SynopsisNational External Quality Assessment Schemes (NEQAS) in Microbiology have been established and operative in the United Kingdom for over 20 years. The essential components of such schemes with an account of the supporting expert advisory structures are described. Participation is voluntary and the primary aim is educational and designed to elevate standards of diagnostic practice generally through comparisons of performance within peer groups. The effect of such schemes on microbiological diagnostic performance is discussed.The need for harmonisation within the European Community is addressed, together with an account of preliminary work relating to formulation of Directives in the field of medical devices.The process of accreditation of diagnostic pathology laboratories through CPA (UK) Ltd. is briefly described.
Land use change and carbon fluxes in East Africa quantified using earth observation data and field measurements
Authors: PFEIFER M. , PLATTS P.J. , BURGESS N.D. , SWETNAM R.D. , WILLCOCK S. , LEWIS S. L. , MARCHANT R. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYCarbon-based forest conservation requires the establishment of ‘reference emission levels’ against which to measure a country or region's progress in reducing their carbon emissions. In East Africa, landscape-scale estimates of carbon fluxes are uncertain and factors such as deforestation poorly resolved due to a lack of data. In this study, trends in vegetation cover and carbon for East Africa were quantified using moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) land cover grids from 2002 to 2008 (500-m spatial resolution), in combination with a regional carbon look-up table. The inclusion of data on rainfall and the distribution of protected areas helped to gauge impacts on vegetation burning (assessed using 1-km spatial resolution MODIS active fire data) and biome trends. Between 2002 and 2008, the spatial extents of forests, woodlands and scrublands decreased considerably and East Africa experienced a net carbon loss of 494 megatonnes (Mt). Most countries in the area were sources of carbon emissions, except for Tanzania and Malawi, where the areal increase of savannah and woodlands counterbalanced carbon emissions from deforestation. Both Malawi and Tanzania contain large areas of planted forest. Vegetation burning was correlated with rainfall (forest only) and differed depending on land management. Freely available global earth observation products have provided ways to achieve rapid assessment and monitoring of carbon change hotspots at the landscape scale.
Carriage of virulence factors and molecular characteristics ofStaphylococcus aureusisolates associated with bloodstream, and skin and soft tissue infections in children
Authors: LI T. , YU X. , XIE J. , XU Y. , SHANG Y. , LIU Y. , HUANG X. , QIN Z. , PARSONS C. , HU L. , SALGADO C. , WANG L. , YU F. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYWe investigated the virulence gene carriage and molecular type characteristics ofStaphylococcus aureusisolates from bloodstream infections (BSIs) and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in children. A total of 71 isolates, 16 of which were methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA), were investigated by PCR for virulence-associated gene profiles, sequence type andspatype. This revealed that 76·7% and 53·7% of the SSTI and BSI isolates, respectively, exhibited simultaneous carriage of ⩾10 virulence genes. Compared to BSI isolates, carriage rates forhla,hlb,cna,clfA,seb,secandpvlgenes were significantly higher in SSTI isolates. By contrast, carriage ofeta,etbandseawas significantly higher for BSI isolates. Thirty-four sequence types (STs) and 36spatypes were identified in the 71 isolates and included 14 novel STs and four novelspatypes. ST59-MRSA-IV/V-t437 was the most common clone in the MRSA isolates. We concluded that virulence determinants are widely distributed in isolates ofS. aureusstrains from children with BSIs and SSTIs, with an unexpectedly high rate in SSTI isolates. Future profiling ofS. aureusvirulence determinants may allow the prediction of severity and outcome for children with these infections.
Hooded GrebePodiceps gallardoipopulation decreased by eighty per cent in the last twenty-five years
Authors: ROESLER IGNACIO , IMBERTI SANTIAGO , CASAÑAS HERNÁN , MAHLER BETTINA , REBOREDA JUAN CARLOS 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWe estimated the present population size of the Hooded GrebePodiceps gallardoiand compared it with the population in 1985. During the breeding seasons 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 we monitored 251 lakes on the main plateaus of Santa Cruz province, southern Patagonia, Argentina, where the entire population of Hooded Grebes spends the breeding season. During 2009/2010 we monitored 131 lakes and observed 521 Hooded Grebes in 16 lakes, while during 2010/2011 we monitored 186 lakes and observed 535 individuals in 14 lakes. At both breeding seasons five lakes contained near 85% of the population. We only observed 6 breeding colonies, two in 2009/2010 and four in 2010/2011, totalling 242 nesting attempts. Nearly 90% of the nests failed during egg stage, mainly due to strong winds and depredation by American minkNeovison vison. Only 28 nests hatched chicks, but none of the young survived to independence due to low temperatures. We compared the results of our 2010/2011 survey with one conducted during 1984/1985 and detected that the population diminished by approximately 80%. This decline was observed on all but one plateau (“Buenos Aires”) where most breeding attempts occurred. Our results show that at present Hooded Grebes are highly dependent on a few suitable lakes where they congregate to breed. We analyse possible causes for the decline of the population and propose conservation actions to protect this species.
Prediction of seed longevity: a modification of the shape of the Ellis and Roberts seed survival curves
Authors: Mead A. , Gray D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe prediction of the viability of stored seeds is important both for the management of germplasm collections and for the management of commercial seed production and storage. The Ellis and Roberts model for seed viability during storage is examined, and an inadequacy of the model highlighted. A modification is proposed, based on the ‘control mortality’ probit model developed for insecticide bioassays, to take proper account of variation in initial viability. This new ‘control viability’ model, relating seed viability to storage time, is fitted to data from a carrot seed storage experiment and found to fit well for a range of storage environments. A relationship, similar to that proposed by Ellis and Roberts for the effects of storage conditions on the rate of loss of viability, is fitted to the estimated rates from this new model. Data from a second carrot seed storage experiment are used to validate this relationship.
Anomalous origin and course of the coronary arteries
Authors: Hlavacek Anthony , Loukas Marios , Spicer Diane , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn the normal heart, the right and left coronary arteries arise from the aortic valvar sinuses adjacent to the pulmonary trunk. The right coronary artery then directly enters the right atrioventricular groove, whereas the main stem of the left coronary artery runs a short course before dividing to become the anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries. These arteries can have an anomalous origin from either the aorta or pulmonary trunk; their branches can have various anomalous origins relative to arterial pedicles. Other abnormal situations include myocardial bridging, abnormal communications, solitary coronary arteries, and duplicated arteries. Understanding of these variations is key to determining those anomalous patterns associated with sudden cardiac death. In the most common variant of an anomalous origin from the pulmonary trunk, the main stem of the left coronary artery arises from the sinus of the pulmonary trunk adjacent to the anticipated left coronary arterial aortic sinus. The artery can, however, arise from a pulmonary artery, or the right coronary artery can have an anomalous pulmonary origin. The key feature in the anomalous aortic origin is the potential for squeezing of the artery, produced by either the so-called intramural origin from the aorta, or the passage of the abnormal artery between the aortic root and the subpulmonary infundibulum.
Lessons in Emergency Evacuation from the Miamisburg Train Derailment
Authors: De Lorenzo Robert A. , Augustine James J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHazardous materials incidents result from the release of materials considered to be harmful or potentially harmful to human beings or the environment. This article describes a train derailment and subsequent hazardous materials release with the evacuation of approximately 50,000 citizens. The hazardous materials release took five days to control and resulted in 561 patient visits to local emergency departments for symptoms related to chemical exposure. The evacuation and emergency medical operations are described and serve as a model for developing community emergency preparedness plans and managing victims involved in hazardous materials incidents.
The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy: A literature review
Authors: Read John , Bentall Richard 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYAim – To review the literature on the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy [ECT], with a particular focus on depression, its primary target group. Methods – PsycINFO, Medline, previous reviews and meta-analyses were searched in an attempt to identify all studies comparing ECT with simulated-ECT [SECT]. Results – These placebo controlled studies show minimal support for effectiveness with either depression or ‘schizophrenia’ during the course of treatment (i.e. only for some patients, on some measures, sometimes perceived only by psychiatrists but not by other raters), and no evidence, for either diagnostic group, of any benefits beyond the treatment period. There are no placebo-controlled studies evaluating the hypothesis that ECT prevents suicide, and no robust evidence from other kinds of studies to support the hypothesis. Conclusions – Given the strong evidence (summarised here) of persistent and, for some, permanent brain dysfunction, primarily evidenced in the form of retrograde and anterograde amnesia, and the evidence of a slight but significant increased risk of death, the cost-benefit analysis for ECT is so poor that its use cannot be scientifically justified.Declaration of Interest: Neither author has any financial conflicts of interest in relation to this paper.
Messages to use in population-level campaigns to reduce mental health-related stigma: consensus development study
Authors: Clement Sarah , Jarrett Manuela , Henderson Claire , Thornicroft Graham 
Published: December 2012

Aim-To develop and measure consensus about which type of message should be included in population-level campaigns to reduce mental health-related stigma.Methods- A panel of 32 experts attending an international conference on mental health stigma participated in a consensus development exercise. A modified nominal group technique was used incorporating two voting rounds, an overview of research evidence and group discussion.Results- There was high consensus (≥ 80°) regarding the inclusion of two of the message types presented - (i)recovery-orientedand (ii)see the personmessages, and reasonable consensus (≥ 70°) regarding (iii)social inclusion / human rightsand (iv)high prevalence of mental disordersmessages. Ratings differed according to whether the participant was a psychiatrist or had personal experience of mental ill health. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed four themes: (i) benefits of messages countering the ‘otherness’ of people with mental ill health; (ii) problematic nature of messages referring to aetiology; (iii) message impact being dependent on the particular audience; (iv) need for specific packages of messages.Conclusions- This study supports the use ofrecovery-orientedmessages andsee the personmessages.Social inclusion / human rightsmessages andhigh prevalence of mental disordersmessages also merit consideration.Declaration of Interest: This study was funded through a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Programme grant awarded to the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and in relation to the NIHR Specialist Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. The views and opinions expressed herein are the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the funding bodies. GT has received an unrestricted educational grant from Lundbeck and commissions from the Commonwealth of Australia for a review of their mental health plan. GT and CH lead the independent evaluation team for the UK ‘Time to Change: Let's end mental health discrimination now’ programme. GT has been a member of the independent evaluation team for Scotland's ‘See Me’ campaign.
Acute inpatient psychiatry in England: an old problem and a new priority
Authors: Lelliott Paul 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWith the development of community care, the number of National Health Service psychiatric beds in England has been reduced to between one-fifth and one-quarter of those provided in the mid-1950s. Psychiatric bed numbers are close to the irreducible minimum if they have not already reached it. The problems facing today's acute psychiatric admission wards include: poor design, maintenance and ambience; a lack of therapeutic and leisure activities for patients leading to inactivity and boredom; frequent incidents of aggression and low-level violence and problems with staffing. It is suggested that there are a number of underlying causes: First, there has been failure to plan inpatient services, or to define their role, as attention has focused on new developments in community care. Second, the reduction in bed numbers has led to a change in the casemix of inpatients with a concentration on admission wards of a more challenging group of patients. Third, admission ward environments are permeable to the adverse effects of local street life, including drug taking. After years of neglect, acute inpatient psychiatric services in England are now high on the UK Government agenda. The paper lists a number of national initiatives designed to improve their quality and safety. A recent review of qualitative research suggests that acute psychiatric wards in other countries face similar problems to those reported in England. It is suggested that there might be a need for joint action which might take the form either of international research about acute inpatient care or the development of international standards and a common quality improvement system.