bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRES: EXTRACTING MULTICLASS BIOMEDICAL RELATIONS WITH SEMANTIC NETWORK
Authors: Gong Lejun , Yang Ronggen , Sun Xiao 
Published: February 2013

With an overwhelming amount of published biomedical research, the underlying biomedical knowledge is expanding at an exponential rate. This expansion makes it very difficult to find interested genetics knowledge. And therefore, there is an urgent need for developing text mining approaches to discover new knowledge from publications. This paper presents a text mining approach for multiclass biomedical relations based on predicate argument structure (PAS) and shallow parsing. The approach can mine explicit biomedical relations with semantic enrichment, and visualize relations with semantic network. It first identifies noun phrases based on shallow parsing, and then filters arguments from noun phrases via biomedical ontology dictionary. We have implemented BRES, a text mining system, based on our proposed approach. Our results obtained 67.7% F-measure, 62.5% precision and 73.8% recall for the test dataset. This also shows our proposed approach is promising for developing biomedical text mining technology. Highlights: • Mining multiclass biomedical relations; • Representing biomedical relations with semantic enrichment; • Visualizing relations by semantic network; • Extracting direct and indirect biomedical relations.
Freezing cold yet diverse: dissecting a high-Arctic parasitoid community associated with Lepidoptera hosts
Authors: Várkonyi Gergely , Roslin Tomas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDespite increasing worldwide interest in host–parasitoid food webs, the parasitoid communities of the high Arctic remain poorly explored. To allow analyses of global patterns, and to detect the effects of ongoing climate change, such data are urgently needed. In this paper, we describe a systematic effort to characterise the high-Arctic Hymenoptera and Diptera parasitoid community associated with Lepidoptera hosts of the Zackenberg Valley (74°30′N, 21°00′W), northeast Greenland. Here, we first sampled adult parasitoids by a combination of Malaise traps, pitfall traps, and, less extensively, yellow pan traps and sweep netting. We then identified the host use of individual parasitoid taxa by rearing a large number of host individuals and species across multiple years. We now describe our preliminary findings on the species diversity of the target community, on trophic links between hosts and parasitoids, and on the sampling effort and techniques needed to characterise the community. We report on 30 local parasitoid taxa representing four families, three of which are species new to Greenland. In describing the community, we make a specific effort to summarise what is known about the taxonomy, phenology, and host use of the component species, to the benefit of future research in the area.
A Pseudo-Stokes Mesh Motion Algorithm
Authors: Noleto Luciano Gonçalves , Barcelos Manuel N.D. , Brasil Antonio C. P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis work presents a moving mesh methodology based on the solution of a pseudo flow problem. The mesh motion is modeled as a pseudo Stokes problem solved by an explicit finite element projection method. The mesh quality requirements are satisfied by employing a null divergent velocity condition. This methodology is applied to triangular unstructured meshes and compared to well known approaches such as the ones based on diffusion and pseudo structural problems. One of the test cases is an airfoil with a fully meshed domain. A specific rotation velocity is imposed as the airfoil boundary condition. The other test is a set of two cylinders that move toward each other. A mesh quality criteria is employed to identify critically distorted elements and to evaluate the performance of each mesh motion approach. The results obtained for each test case show that the pseudo-flow methodology produces satisfactory meshes during the moving process.
Sovereign asset values and implications for the credit market
Authors: Kalteier Eva‐Maria , Posch Peter N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUsing the contingent claim approach and market data on sovereign credit default swaps we assess the drivers of a country's risk perception. Deriving market‐based asset values for a set of advanced economies we gain insights into the capital markets' perspectives on sovereign creditworthiness. We find the market‐based asset values to be positively influenced by debt and to be an early risk indicator for economic developments. In a cross‐section analysis we identify drivers of the economic risk of countries. Clustering the countries according to their debt to asset value ratios provides further insights into the market perceptions of sovereign credit risk. For example we find that the asset values of countries with higher ratios react to changes in the global equity market. Countries with a lower ratio react more to the political stability within the country.
Effects of a probiotic fermented milk on functional constipation: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Mazlyn Mena Mustapha , Nagarajah Lee Hun‐Leong , Fatimah Arshad , Norimah A Karim , Goh Khean‐Lee 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and AimEvidence suggests that probiotics reduce certain constipation‐related symptoms. Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota has never been tested as treatment for functional constipation in otherwise‐healthy subjects. To evaluate the efficacy of this probiotic among adults with functional constipation was aimed.MethodsSubjects with functional constipation (Rome II‐defined) were randomized to intake L. casei strain Shirota fermented milk or placebo once daily for 4 weeks under double‐blind condition. Primary outcomes were constipation severity and stool frequency; secondary outcomes were stool consistency and quantity.Results In intent‐to‐treat population, compared with baseline, constipation severity and stool frequency improved in both probiotic (n = 47) and control groups (n = 43), but improvements were comparable in both groups at week 4 (α = 5% level). In probiotic group, stool consistency and quantity at week 4 improved significantly versus baseline but not versus control. Considering that the study agent is non‐pharmaceutical and the purpose of supplementation is for long‐term effect, re‐evaluation at α = 10% was conducted, which showed significant improvement in constipation severity at week 4 (P = 0.058). Magnitude of the probiotic effect on stool consistency was small but grew over time, d = 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.00–0.35 (Week 4), d = 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.52 (postintervention). Post‐hoc exploratory analysis suggests incomplete evacuation may decrease with probiotic intake.ConclusionsFour‐week administration of L. casei strain Shirota did not alleviate constipation severity or stool frequency, consistency, and quantity when compared with control. With re‐evaluation at α = 10% level, improvement in constipation severity was significant at week 4. To obtain conclusive results, further studies with longer intervention are warranted.
Academic Research Skills of University Students
Authors: Topalov Jagoda , Radić-Bojanić Biljana 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The paper analyzes questionnaires administered to 135 English Language students in all four years with an attempt to elaborate how developed the students’ academic research skills are and investigate if they correlate with the years of study. Furthermore, the results are compared to students’ general habits concerning internet use to prove that they do not correlate with academic research skills.
Taxonomy of the Subtribe Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae, Vandoideae) revised
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Sitko Magdalena , Tukałło Piotr , Mytnik-Ejsmont Joanna 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A new classification of the subtribe Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae) is proposed. Thirty-seven genera are revised. The Camaridium group is divided into seven genera, Adamanthus, Camaridium, Pseudomaxillaria, Psittacoglossum and three described here: Chaseopsis, Chelyella and Viracocha. Ornithidium s.l. is divided into seven genera: Heterotaxis, Laricorchis,Neo-urbania, Nitidobulbon, Ornithidium, Vazquezella and Aucellia, the latter two described here. 193 new combinations on the species level are validated and the relationships among the genera are briefly discussed. A key to the determination of all genera representing Maxillariinae s. s. is provided.
Cytotoxic Effect of Combined Treatment with Ukrain and Methotrexate on Kidney Cells of Green Monkey
Authors: Izdebska Magdalena , Piątkowska-Chmiel Iwona , Jagiełło-Wójtowicz Ewa 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In in vitro study on green monkey kidney (GMK) cell culture, the cytotoxicity of Ukrain, methotrexate (MTX), and their combination was investigated. The effect of these drugs and their combination on viability (MTT test) and apoptosis of the cells was assessed. The IC10 and IC50 values for Ukrain and MTX were also indicated. After 24 h of incubation of GMK cells with Ukrain, IC10 amounted to 84.6 μmol/L and IC50 was 256.3 μmol/L, while MTX IC10 amounted to 7.18 μmol/L and IC50 was 154.8 μmol/l. After 24 h of simultaneous incubation of GMK cells with 50 μmol/L of Ukrain and 5.5 μmol/L of MTX, 15.33 % of cytotoxicity of the drugs in LDH test was found. The most significant increase in the cytotoxicity (42.10 %) was noted after 24 h incubation of GMK cells with 150 μmol/L of Ukrain and 5.5 μmol/L of MTX. Likewise, in the MTT assay the greatest decrease in the cells viability was found after incubation with 150 μmol/L of Ukrain and 5.5 μmol/L of MTX. The evaluation of apoptosis also indicated the adverse effect of combined application of both drugs on GMK cells.
Influence of Non-Oxidised and Oxidised Rapeseed Oil Consumption on Liver Metabolism Pathways and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Development in Rabbits
Authors: Zalejska–Fiolka Jolanta , Kasperczyk Aleksandra , Kasperczyk Sławomir , Stawiarska-Pięta Barbara , Fiolka Rafał , Birkner Ewa 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
For 24 weeks, rabbits were fed feed containing non-oxidised or oxidised rapeseed oil. At the beginning of the experiment and every six weeks the rabbits were weighed and blood was taken. After the experiment was completed, their liver was dissected for biochemical and histological examinations. The activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotrasferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and aldolase in blood plasma and liver were determined. Enzymes of the protein and liver metabolic pathways were determined using kinetic and spectrophotometric methods. The content of fatty acids was determined by means of fatty acid methyl ester concentration measurement using gas chromatography. It was found that the applied diet with oxidised rapeseed oil caused the development of slight liver steatosis and disturbances in the activity of enzymes involved in the liver pathways, despite the fact that it was a balanced diet, and differed only in the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids. The obtained results indicate that more profound oil oxidation and its increased supply in diet may result in the development of liver steatosis.
Microbiological Quality of Compound Feed Used in Poland
Authors: Kukier Elżbieta , Goldsztejn Magdalena , Grenda Tomasz , Kwiatek Krzysztof , Wasyl Dariusz , Hoszowski Andrzej 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study was the assessment of microbiological quality of compound feed used in Poland in 2007-2010. The examinations were done at all veterinary diagnostic laboratories operating in the frame of official laboratory system. The occurrence of Salmonella sp. and counts of Enterobacteriaceae family, mesophilic aerobic bacteria, total microorganisms, and fungi were assessed. Assays were done following Polish, European, and international standards. Percentage of contamination of compound feed for poultry, pigs, and cattle by Salmonella sp. ranged from 0% to 3.5%. The highest contamination level by Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were detected in wet petfood. No more than 106 cfu/g of aerobic bacteria and no more than 105 cfu/g of fungi were detected in the feed. The results of the study revealed that the microbiological quality of compound feed used in Poland in 2007-2010 was better than the quality of the feed used in 2003-2006.
Occurrence and Expression of Toxin Genes in Clostridium Perfringens Isolates from Pigs
Authors: Kukier Elżbieta , Goldsztejn Magdalena , Grenda Tomasz , Kwiatek Krzysztof 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Clostridium perfringens isolates were obtained from pigs of five porcine farms in Poland. The presence of C. perfringens was detected in 92% of faeces samples and its number ranged from 1.0 x 101 cfu/g to 1.2 x 107 cfu/g. All the isolates belonged to type A and 48.7% of them contained cpb2 gene. The qualitative assessment of toxin genes expression by type A subtype β2 isolates showed expression of cpa gene in 100% of strains and cpb2 gene in 71% of the analysed strains. The isolate from one-day-old piglets demonstrated also the expression of cpa and cpb2 genes.
Effects of experimental warming on fungal disease progress in oilseed rape
Authors: Siebold Magdalena , von Tiedemann Andreas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGlobal warming will influence the growth and development of both crops and pathogens. The aims of this study were to investigate potential effects of future warming on oilseed rape growth and the epidemiology of the three economically important pathogens Verticillium longisporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Leptosphaeria maculans (anamorph: Phoma lingam). We utilized climate chambers and a soil warming facility, where treatments represented regional warming scenarios for Lower Saxony, Germany, by 2050 and 2100, and compared results of both approaches on a thermal time scale by calculating degree‐days (dd) from day of sowing, December 1st and March 1st until sampling, the latter correlating best with disease progress. Regression analysis showed that plant growth and growth stages in spring responded almost linearly to increasing thermal time until 1000–1500 dd. Colonization of plant tissue by V. longisporum showed an exponential increase when exceeding 1300–1500 dd and reaching plant growth stage BBCH 74/75 (pod development). V. longisporum colonization of plants may be advanced, potentially leading to higher inoculum densities after harvest and increased economic importance of this pathogen under future warming. Sclerotia germination of S. sclerotiorum reached its maximum at 600–900 dd. Advance of these critical degree‐days may lead to earlier apothecia production, potentially advancing the infection window, whereas the future importance of S. sclerotiorum may remain constant. Severity of phoma crown canker increased linearly with increasing thermal time, but showed also large variation in response to the warming scenarios, suggesting that factors such as canopy microclimate in fall or leaf shedding over winter may play a bigger role for L. maculans infection and disease severity than higher soil temperatures. Thermal time was a suitable tool to combine and integrate data on biological responses to soil and air temperature increases from climate chamber and field experiments.
Dermatoscopy of nail lichen planus
Authors: Nakamura Robertha , Broce Ariane Aimeé Abrego , Palencia Diana Paola Cantillo , Ortiz Natalia Isabel Anaya , Leverone Andreia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground  Nail lichen planus affects 10% of all patients with lichen planus. It is a severe disease that may lead to destruction of the nail plate. It affects fingernails more than toenails. Early diagnosis is important due to its aggressive behavior. Histopathology should be carried out, but in many occasions it is not enough to come to a conclusive diagnosis. Dermatoscopy, a complementary tool, has proven to be useful in its diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Currently, there is very little data regarding dermatoscopy of nail lichen planus.Methods  Dermatoscopic photographic data of 11 patients having 79 nails affected with nail lichen planus, seen in a specialized nail disease facility, were selected and analyzed. The data was confirmed with histopathological analysis.Results  Dermatoscopy showed abnormalities of the nail matrix, with trachyonychia in 40.51% and pitting in 34.18%. As to nail bed anomalies, there was chromonychia in 55.70%, fragmentation of body of nail in 50.63%, splinter hemorrhage in 35.44%, onycholysis in 27.85%, and subungual keratosis in 7.59%. Concerning anomalies that involved nail matrix, bed, and perionychial region altogether, there were longitudinal streaks in 82.28% and anonychia in 1.27%. Paronychia was present in 31.65% of the cases.Conclusion  Considering that nail lichen planus is an underdiagnosed disease with severe consequences, early diagnosis is essential. This descriptive study of dermatoscopic characteristics of nail lichen planus would highlight some key changes in the course of the disease that will contribute to early diagnostic suspicion, early treatment, and could improve prognosis.
Governance on the Ground: A Study of Solid Waste Management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Louise Bjerkli Camilla 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the management of solid waste in Addis Ababa from 2004 to mid‐2011. It describes how solid waste management has evolved and how relationships between the informal sector and the local authority have shifted in relation to the political atmosphere in the city. The author shows how good governance promoted by international donors does not necessarily result in improved service delivery on the ground. In line with the principles of good governance, the Ethiopian government decentralized the city's administration and entered into partnerships with non‐state actors in order to improve service delivery. However, these structural changes have not led to improvements in providing services for dealing with solid waste, nor have they improved accountability to or participation by civil society. The study shows that the established ways of exercising power are continuing within the new structures of the city administration, resulting in increased control over the actors involved in the process, and more conflicts and deeper mistrust of the city administration. This, in turn, has prevented the successful integration of the informal sector and provision of an improved solid waste service in the city. The city administration in Addis Ababa claims to have adopted good governance, but in reality it has adapted good governance to suit its own interests and agendas.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and the effect of its eradication on symptoms of functional dyspepsia in Kashmir, India
Authors: Sodhi Jaswinder Singh , Javid Gul , Zargar Showkat Ali , Tufail Syed , Shah Altaf , Khan Bashir Ahmad , Yattoo Ghulam Nabi , Gulzar Ghulam Mohamad , Khan Mushtaq Ahmad , Lone Mohd Iqbal , Saif Riyaz u , Parveen Shaheena , Shoukat Abid 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and AimEpidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection has regional variation. Effect of eradication of H. pylori on symptoms of functional dyspepsia is uncertain, and the data in Asian scenario are scanty. The study aimed to see H. pylori positivity rate in patients of functional dyspepsia and the effect of its eradication on symptoms.MethodsRandomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was the study design used. Patients of functional dyspepsia defined as per Rome 2 criteria were tested for H. pylori infection by rapid urease test and gastric biopsy. H. pylori‐positive patients were randomly allocated to triple therapy (20 mg of omeprazole, 500 mg of clarithromycin, and 1000 mg of amoxicillin orally two times daily) and omeperazole plus identical placebo for 2 weeks. Symptoms were assessed with the weekly Likert scale.ResultsH. pylori positivity rate in functional dyspepsia was 1160/2000 (58%). At 6 weeks, the eradication rate for H. pylori in triple therapy and placebo group was (181/259 [69.8%] and 13/260 [5.0%], P = 0.001), respectively. On intention‐to‐treat analysis, the symptom resolution at 1 month was (157/259 [60.7%] and 136/260 [52.3%], P = 0.38), respectively. At 12 months, H. pylori eradication and healing of gastritis in triple therapy and placebo group were (116/174 [66.7%] and 12/180 [6.7%], P = 0.001) and (132/174 [75.9%] and 11/180 [6.1%], P = 0.001), respectively. On intension to treat, the resolution of symptoms in triple therapy and placebo group was (95/217 [43.7%] and 72/195 [36.9%], P = 0.13).ConclusionThere is high H. pylori positivity rate in patients of functional dyspepsia. The eradication of H. pylori does not resolve the symptoms despite healing of gastritis.
Blatchford score is a useful tool for predicting the need for intervention in cancer patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Ahn Shin , Lim Kyung Soo , Lee Yoon‐Seon , Lee Jae‐Lyun 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and AimThe Blatchford score is based on clinical and laboratory variables to predict the need for clinical interventions in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). The primary object was to evaluate the Blatchford score with clinical and full Rockall scores in patients with active cancer presenting to the emergency department with UGIB. The secondary object was to assess the accuracy of the Blatchford score at different source of UGIB; cancer bleeding versus non‐malignant lesions.MethodsWe reviewed and extracted data from electronic medical record on patients with active cancer presenting to the emergency department from January 2009 to December 2011. Clinical interventions included blood transfusion, therapeutic endoscopy, angiographic intervention, and surgery.ResultsOf the 225 patients included, 197 (87.6%) received interventions. Comparing the area under receiver‐operator curves, the Blatchford score (0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.95) was superior to clinical Rockall (0.67, 95% CI 0.55–0.79) and full Rockall score (0.72, 95% CI 0.61–0.83) in predicting interventions. When the score of 2 or less is counted as negative, sensitivity of 0.99 and specificity of 0.54 were calculated. When the patients were separated according to the source of UGIB, sensitivity and specificity were not changed.ConclusionsThe Blatchford score outperformed both Rockall scoring system in predicting intervention in patients with active cancer. The source of bleeding was not important factor in the score performance. The Blatchford score has a very good sensitivity. However, suboptimal specificity limits its role as sole means of decision making in cancer patient with UGIB.