bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and X-ray reference diffraction patterns of (Ba6−xSrx)R2Co4O15 (x = 1, 2) (R = lanthanides)
Authors: Wong-Ng W. , Liu G. , Yan Y.G. , Kaduk J.A. 
Published: May 2013

The structure and X-ray patterns of two series of barium lanthanide cobaltates, namely, Ba4Sr2R2Co4O15 (R = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Dy), and Ba5SrR2Co4O15 (R = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd) have been determined. These compounds crystallize in the space group P63mc; the unit-cell parameters of Ba4Sr2R2Co4O15 (R from La to Dy) decrease from a = 11.6128(2) Å to 11. 5266(9) Å, c = 6.869 03(11) to 6. 7630(5) Å, and V = 802.23(3) Å3 to 778.17(15) Å3, respectively. In the Ba5SrR2Co4O15 series (R = La to Gd), the unit-cell parameters decrease from a = 11.735 44(14) Å to 11.619 79(12) Å, c = 6.942 89 (14) Å to 6.836 52(8) Å, and V = 828.08(3) Å3 to 799.40(2) Å3. In the general structure of (Ba6−xSrx)R2Co4O15, there are four Co ions per formula unit occupying one CoO6 octahedral and three CoO4 tetrahedral units. Through corner-sharing of these polyhedra, a larger Co4O15 unit is formed. Sr2+ ions adopt both octahedral and 8-fold coordination environment. R3+ ions adopt 8-fold coordination (mixed site with Sr), while the larger Ba2+ ions assume both 10- and 11-fold coordination environments. The samples were found to be insulators. X-ray diffraction patterns of these samples have been determined and submitted to the Powder Diffraction File (PDF).
Pathologic Fractures in Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw—Review of the Literature and Review of Our Own Cases
Authors: Otto Sven , Pautke Christoph , Hafner Sigurd , Hesse Ronny , Reichardt Lea Franziska , Mast Gerson , Ehrenfeld Michael , Cornelius Carl-Peter 
Published: June 2013

Background Bisphosphonates are powerful drugs used for the management of osteoporosis and metastatic bone disease to avoid skeletal-related complications. Side effects are rare but potentially serious such as the bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). BRONJ impairs the quality of life and can even lead to pathologic fractures of the mandible. Management of BRONJ is difficult per se. If complicated with pathologic mandibular fractures in advanced stages, the treatment options are controversially discussed. This review delineates the epidemiology and pathogenesis of BRONJ to put the various modalities for the treatment of pathologic mandible fractures into perspective. Methods Various case reports and case series in the literature were reviewed. Cases were reviewed of patients suffering from pathologic fracture due to bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich) from 2003 to 2010. Of 140 patients suffering from BRONJ, four were identified with pathologic fracture of the mandible. Results Management of pathologic mandibular fractures in patients suffering from BRONJ is an unsolved issue. At present there is a paucity of information to establish reliable therapy guidelines. The published strategies range from conservative treatment to major bone resections with or without internal or external fixation and with or without autogenous reconstruction. There is no evidence for the superiority of a single therapeutic mode, however. Conclusion Further understanding of BRONJ is mandatory to establish a sound rationale for the treatment of associated mandibular fractures.
Summer Habitat Use by Lake Sturgeon in Manistee Lake, Michigan
Authors: Damstra Richard A. , Galarowicz Tracy L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens is targeted for rehabilitation across its range, but little is known about habitat use by Lake Sturgeon during periods other than the spawning period. Insight into habitat use during nonspawning periods for these long‐lived fish is crucial to our understanding of this species and its recovery. Our goal was to characterize summer habitat use by Lake Sturgeon in Manistee Lake, Michigan, a drowned river mouth complex. Fish were tagged and relocated in the lake by using telemetry in 2003–2005. The lake was divided into 18 sampling sections, and abiotic and biotic variables with potential influences on habitat use were quantified in each section during May–July in 2003 and 2004. Lake Sturgeon were found in the lake during May–July and primarily occupied habitats near the wetland complex and shipping channel in the northern portion of the lake. Water depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen level, Secchi depth, and densities of chironomid larvae, dreissenid mussels, burrowing mayflies Hexagenia spp., and amphipods differed among sampling sections. Similarities between Lake Sturgeon relocation sites and the sampling sections were analyzed with Penrose distance statistics. Abiotic and biotic variables in the southern and central portions of the lake were most similar to those at sampling sections where Lake Sturgeon were relocated. The difference between southern and central sampling sections and the sections where fish were relocated suggests that habitat use was influenced by additional factors that were not monitored. Future efforts to conserve Lake Sturgeon populations should include habitat management during nonspawning periods.
Using a Stream Network Census of Fish and Habitat to Assess Models of Juvenile Salmonid Distribution
Authors: McMillan John R. , Liermann Martin C. , Starr James , Pess George R. , Augerot Xan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe censused juvenile salmonids and stream habitat over two consecutive summers to test the ability of habitat models to explain the distribution of juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, young‐of‐the‐year (age‐0) steelhead O. mykiss, and steelhead parr (age ≥1) within a network consisting of several different‐sized streams. Our network‐scale habitat models explained 27, 11, and 19% of the variation in density of juvenile Coho Salmon, age‐0 steelhead, and steelhead parr, respectively, but strong levels of spatial autocorrelation were typically present in the residuals. Explanatory power of base habitat models increased and spatial autocorrelation decreased with the sequential inclusion of variables accounting for the effects of stream size, year, stream, reach location, and a tertiary interaction term. Stream‐scale models were highly variable. Fish–habitat associations were rarely linear and ranged from negative to positive; the variable accounting for location of the habitat within a stream was often more important than the habitat variables. The limited success of our network‐scale models was apparently related to variation in the strength and shape of fish–habitat associations across and within streams and years. These results indicate that there are several potential limitations to extrapolating models to broader areas based only on spatially limited surveys.
Negative Pressure Ventilation and Positive Pressure Ventilation Promote Comparable Levels of Ventilator-induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction in Rats
Authors: Bruells Christian S. , Smuder Ashley J. , Reiss Lucy K. , Hudson Matthew B. , Nelson William Bradley , Wiggs Michael P. , Sollanek Kurt J. , Rossaint Rolf , Uhlig Stefan , Powers Scott K. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background:
Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving intervention for patients with respiratory failure. Unfortunately, a major complication associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation is ventilator-induced diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction, termed ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD). Emerging evidence suggests that positive pressure ventilation (PPV) promotes lung damage (ventilator-induced lung injury [VILI]), resulting in the release of signaling molecules that foster atrophic signaling in the diaphragm and the resultant VIDD. Although a recent report suggests that negative pressure ventilation (NPV) results in less VILI than PPV, it is unknown whether NPV can protect against VIDD. Therefore, the authors tested the hypothesis that compared with PPV, NPV will result in a lower level of VIDD.

Methods:
Adult rats were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups (n = 8 each): (1) acutely anesthetized control (CON), (2) 12 h of PPV, and (3) 12 h of NPV. Dependent measures included indices of VILI, diaphragmatic muscle fiber cross-sectional area, diaphragm contractile properties, and the activity of key proteases in the diaphragm.

Results:
Our results reveal that no differences existed in the degree of VILI between PPV and NPV animals as evidenced by VILI histological scores (CON = 0.082 ± 0.001; PPV = 0.22 ± 0.04; NPV = 0.25 ± 0.02; mean ± SEM). Both PPV and NPV resulted in VIDD. Importantly, no differences existed between PPV and NPV animals in diaphragmatic fiber cross-sectional area, contractile properties, and the activation of proteases.

Conclusion:
These results demonstrate that NPV and PPV result in similar levels of VILI and that NPV and PPV promote comparable levels of VIDD in rats.
UK Research Reserve: a sustainable model from print to E?
Authors: Yang Daryl 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a case study of the development of UK Research Reserve (UKRR): a partnership between the UK higher education sector and the British Library. The first of its kind in the UK as well as internationally, UK Research Reserve has helped its members de‐duplicate low‐use journals and release shelf space, as well as retain access to research material. UKRR is currently under review to determine a sustainable model if public funding becomes unavailable. This paper describes the journey UKRR has taken so far.Design/methodology/approachResearch methods adopted can be categorised into two main groups of activities: information gathering (desk research, survey and interviews); and information analysis and synthesis (literature, data, documentation).FindingsThrough the case study of UKRR, the author identifies challenges and issues faced by research libraries, as well as the whole HE sector. This paper presents values and synergies UKRR has created for its members and beyond. It also shares UKRR's journey in identifying a sustainable business model beyond its current phase.Originality/valueThe author reviewed some second‐hand data to present a broader picture of challenges the HE sector is facing. Most data and documentation that support the other sections of the paper are first‐hand, and have been generated by UKRR's team.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Sugammadex for Verapamil Intoxication
Authors: Ozbilgin Sule , Ozbilgin Mucahit , Kucukoztas Beyza , Kamaci Gonca , Unek Tarkan , Yurtlu Bülent Serhan , Ensari Güneli Mehmet , Hanci Volkan , Gunerli Ali 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that medications from the cyclodextrin family bind to verapamil. The aim of our study was to determine whether sugammadex could bind to verapamil and prevent the cardiovascular toxicity of that drug. Twenty‐eight sedated Wistar rats were infused with verapamil at 37.5 mg/kg/h. Five minutes after the start of infusion, the animals were treated with a bolus of either 16 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg sugammadex. The control group was treated with an infusion without sugammadex. The heart rate and respiratory rate were monitored, and an electrocardiogram was recorded. The primary end‐point was the time to asystole. The verapamil infusion continued until the animals arrested. The asystole time for the S16 group was significantly longer compared to those for the control and S1000 groups (p < 0.05). The asystole time for the S1000 group was significantly shorter than those for all of the other groups (p < 0.05). Reflecting these data, there was a near doubling of the mean lethal dose of verapamil from 13.57 mg/kg (S.D.±8.1) in the saline‐treated rats to 22.42 mg/kg (S.D.±9.9) in the sugammadex 16 group (p < 0.05). However, for the sugammadex 1000 group, the mean lethal dose was found to be 6.28 ± 1.11 mg/kg. This dose is significantly lower than those for all of the other groups (p < 0.05). We found that treatment with 16 mg/kg sugammadex delayed verapamil cardiotoxicity in rats. However, 1000 mg/kg sugammadex accelerated verapamil cardiotoxicity in rats. Further studies must be conducted to investigate the interaction between verapamil and sugammadex.
Alterations of N‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid‐Activated K2P Channels in Hypoxia‐Induced Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Nielsen Gorm , Wandall‐Frostholm Christine , Sadda Veeranjaneyulu , Oliván‐Viguera Aida , Lloyd Eric E. , Bryan Robert M. , Simonsen Ulf , Köhler Ralf 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPolyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)‐activated two‐pore domain potassium channels (K2P) have been proposed to be expressed in the pulmonary vasculature. However, their physiological or pathophysiological roles are poorly defined. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PUFA‐activated K2P are involved in pulmonary vasorelaxation and that alterations of channel expression are pathophysiologically linked to pulmonary hypertension. Expression of PUFA‐activated K2P in the murine lung was investigated by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), by patch clamp (PC) and myography. K2P‐gene expression was examined in chronic hypoxic mice. qRT‐PCR showed that the K2P2.1 and K2P6.1 were the predominantly expressed K2P in the murine lung. IHC revealed protein expression of K2P2.1 and K2P6.1 in the endothelium of pulmonary arteries and of K2P6.1 in bronchial epithelium. PC showed pimozide‐sensitive K2P‐like K+‐current activated by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in freshly isolated endothelial cells as well as DHA‐induced membrane hyperpolarization. Myography on pulmonary arteries showed that DHA induced concentration‐dependent instantaneous relaxations that were resistant to endothelial removal and inhibition of NO and prostacyclin synthesis and to a cocktail of blockers of calcium‐activated K+ channels but were abolished by high extracellular (30 mM) K+‐concentration. Gene expression and protein of K2P2.1 were not altered in chronic hypoxic mice, while K2P6.1 was up‐regulated by fourfold. In conclusion, the PUFA‐activated K2P2.1 and K2P6.1 are expressed in murine lung and functional K2P‐like channels contribute to endothelium hyperpolarization and pulmonary artery relaxation. The increased K2P6.1‐gene expression may represent a novel counter‐regulatory mechanism in pulmonary hypertension and suggest that arterial K2P2.1 and K2P6.1 could be novel therapeutic targets.
A Revisit to Sample Size and Power Calculations for Testing Odds Ratio in Two Independent Binomials
Authors: Liu Fang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSummaryWe reexamine the subject of sample size determination (SSD) when testing logarithm of odds ratio (OR) against zero in two independent binomials. Four common approaches are considered: a closed‐form SS formula based on the Wald test (), closed‐form formulas that meet SS requirement by score and exact tests respectively ( and ), and a numerical approach to calculating SS based on likelihood ratio (LR) tests (). Several practically useful findings are presented. First, is a strictly convex function of OR for OR and OR , respectively, implying that SS calculated by does not necessarily decrease as OR gets further away from 1. However, minimum SS often occurs at OR values that are deemed relatively extreme and rare in real life. , and decrease monotonically as OR diverges from 1. Secondly, the optimal sampling ratio (OSR) between two independent binomials that yields maximum power for a given total SS is not always 1:1 but depends on the odds of outcome in each arm. benefits the most from the application of OSR in that total SS can be significantly reduced as compared to the commonly used 1:1 sampling ratio. Savings in SS by OSR in , and are relatively immaterial from a practical perspective. Finally, we use simulation studies to examine the power loyalty of each SS approach and explore penalized likelihood as a remedy for undermined power loyalty.
Bridging Conditional and Marginal Inference for Spatially Referenced Binary Data
Authors: Boehm Laura , Reich Brian J. , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSummarySpatially referenced binary data are common in epidemiology and public health. Owing to its elegant log‐odds interpretation of the regression coefficients, a natural model for these data is logistic regression. To account for missing confounding variables that might exhibit a spatial pattern (say, socioeconomic, biological, or environmental conditions), it is customary to include a Gaussian spatial random effect. Conditioned on the spatial random effect, the coefficients may be interpreted as log odds ratios. However, marginally over the random effects, the coefficients no longer preserve the log‐odds interpretation, and the estimates are hard to interpret and generalize to other spatial regions. To resolve this issue, we propose a new spatial random effect distribution through a copula framework which ensures that the regression coefficients maintain the log‐odds interpretation both conditional on and marginally over the spatial random effects. We present simulations to assess the robustness of our approach to various random effects, and apply it to an interesting dataset assessing periodontal health of Gullah‐speaking African Americans. The proposed methodology is flexible enough to handle areal or geo‐statistical datasets, and hierarchical models with multiple random intercepts.
National and ethnic identification, intergroup attitudes, and sport participation in the context of the London Olympics
Authors: Lam Virginia L. , Corson Eliza‐Jane 
Published: June 2013

In the run‐up to the 2012 London Olympics, the sense of national identity was salient. We tested children (N = 401) aged 5–15 years living near the Olympic site on national (British) and ethnic identification, national ingroup and outgroup attitudes, and sport participation. It was found that the strength of British identification peaked at age 9 years, but the strength of ethnic identification remained stable with age. Both liking for, and stereotyping of, different national groups diverged from age 9 years, but whilst stereotyping remained diverged liking converged by 15 years. The ingroup was one of the most liked, but one of the least positively stereotyped groups. Sport participation declined with age and was higher among boys, whilst the lowest socio‐economic group showed the greatest discrepancy between normal and recent reported participation. The strength of British identification was associated with liking for, and stereotyping of, the British as well as sport participation, but the degree of associations varied between different groups of children.
Contrasting responses of heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration to experimental warming in a winter annual‐dominated prairie
Authors: Li Dejun , Zhou Xuhui , Wu Liyou , Zhou Jizhong , Luo Yiqi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnderstanding how soil respiration (Rs) and its source components respond to climate warming is crucial to improve model prediction of climate‐carbon (C) feedback. We conducted a manipulation experiment by warming and clipping in a prairie dominated by invasive winter annual Bromus japonicas in Southern Great Plains, USA. Infrared radiators were used to simulate climate warming by 3 °C and clipping was used to mimic yearly hay mowing. Heterotrophic respiration (Rh) was measured inside deep collars (70 cm deep) that excluded root growth, while total soil respiration (Rs) was measured inside surface collars (2–3 cm deep). Autotrophic respiration (Ra) was calculated by subtracting Rh from Rs. During 3 years of experiment from January 2010 to December 2012, warming had no significant effect on Rs. The neutral response of Rs to warming was due to compensatory effects of warming on Rh and Ra. Warming significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated Rh but decreased Ra. Clipping only marginally (P < 0.1) increased Ra in 2010 but had no effect on Rh. There were no significant interactive effects of warming and clipping on Rs or its components. Warming stimulated annual Rh by 22.0%, but decreased annual Ra by 29.0% across the 3 years. The decreased Ra was primarily associated with the warming‐induced decline of the winter annual productivity. Across the 3 years, warming increased Rh/Rs by 29.1% but clipping did not affect Rh/Rs. Our study highlights that climate warming may have contrasting effects on Rh and Ra in association with responses of plant productivity to warming.
Thermal, Structural, and Enhanced Photoluminescence Properties of Eu3+‐doped Transparent Willemite Glass–Ceramic Nanocomposites
Authors: Tarafder Anal , Molla Atiar Rahaman , Dey Chirantan , Karmakar Basudeb 
Published: June 2013

The precursor glass in the ZnO–Al2O3–B2O3–SiO2 (ZABS) system doped with Eu2O3 was prepared by the melt‐quench technique. The transparent willemite, Zn2SiO4 (ZS) glass–ceramic nanocomposites were derived from this precursor glass by a controlled crystallization process. The formation of willemite crystal phase, size, and morphology with increase in heat‐treatment time was examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. The average calculated crystallite size obtained from XRD is found to be in the range 18–70 nm whereas the grain size observed in FESEM is 50–250 nm. The refractive index value is decreased with increase in heat‐treatment time which is caused by the partial replacement of ZnO4 units of ZS nanocrystals by AlO4 units due to generation of vacancies. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflection spectroscopy was used to evaluate its structural evolution. Vickers hardness study indicates marked improvement of hardness in the resultant glass‐ceramics compared with its precursor glass. The photoluminescence spectra of Eu3+ ions exhibit emission transitions of 5D0→7Fj (j = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) and its excitation spectra show an intense absorption band at 395 nm. These spectra reveal that the luminescence performance of the glass–ceramic nanocomposites is enhanced up to 17‐fold with the process of heat treatment. This enhancement is caused by partitioning of Eu3+ ions into glassy phase instead of into the willemite crystals with progress of heat treatment. Such luminescent glass–ceramic nanocomposites are expected to find potential applications in solid‐state red lasers, phosphors, and optical display systems.
Benign dermoscopic features in melanoma
Authors: Di Stefani A. , Massone C. , Soyer H.P. , Zalaudek I. , Argenziano G. , Arzberger E. , Lozzi G.P. , Chimenti S. , Hofmann‐Wellenhof R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundVarious dermoscopic features are usually associated with benign melanocytic lesions. Our objective was to determine frequency and extension of benign dermoscopic features (BDF) in melanoma.MethodsRetrospective review of dermoscopic images of a consecutive series of 516 histopathologically proven melanomas collected in 6 years in Graz. Correlation of BDF with mean Breslow thickness, with presence/absence of associated benign nevus component and with the pre‐operative clinico‐dermoscopic diagnosis, as reported on the original histopathologic reports.ResultsIn addition to melanoma specific criteria, 42% of melanomas showed BDF. In 12.3% cases, the benign features occupied more than the half of the lesion. The BDF typical pigment network, homogeneous pattern and regular globules/cobblestone pattern had the highest frequency. BDF were associated with relatively thinner melanomas (mean Breslow thickness of 0.51 mm). The presence of BDF was observed in 67.1% of histopathologically documented nevus‐associated melanoma and in 35.7% of melanoma de novo. A pre‐operative clinico‐dermoscopic diagnosis of melanoma was achieved in only 54.1% of cases displaying BDF.ConclusionA significant proportion of melanomas may exhibit BDF. Clinicians should be aware of the presence of BDF in melanoma as possible diagnostic pitfall.