bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Molecule RNA Degraders
Authors: Bonet‐Aleta Javier , Maehara Tomoaki , Craig Benjamin A. , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRNA is a central molecule in life, involved in a plethora of biological processes and playing a key role in many diseases. Targeting RNA emerges as a significant endeavor in drug discovery, diverging from conventional protein‐centric approaches to tackle various pathologies. Whilst identifying small molecules that bind to specific RNA regions is the first step, the abundance of non‐functional RNA segments renders many interactions biologically inert. Consequently, small molecule binding does not necessarily meet stringent criteria for clinical translation, calling for solutions to push the field forward. Converting RNA‐binders into RNA‐degraders presents a promising avenue to enhance RNA‐targeting. This mini‐review outlines strategies and exemplars wherein simple small molecule RNA binders are reprogrammed into active degraders through the linkage of functional groups. These approaches encompass mechanisms that induce degradation via endogenous enzymes, termed RIBOTACs, as well as those with functional moieties acting autonomously to degrade RNA. Through this exploration, we aim to offer insights into advancing RNA‐targeted therapeutic strategies.
Progress Decisions Involving Time: Sunk Cost or Completion Effects
Authors: Thorsteinson Todd J. , Billings Christian G. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTFive studies involving seven samples were conducted to examine the effects of sunk time in progress decisions. Previous research on sunk time in progress decisions has failed to control for completion effects. Studies 1a and 1b found strong evidence for completion effects and weaker effects for sunk time effects on probability of continuing. In Studies 2a and 2b, we expanded our sunk time scenarios to use multiple types. We found evidence for sunk time and completion effects on probability of continuing. An additional analysis, however, found that the sunk time effect was larger when the progress decision involved a goal focused on the accomplishment of a project (e.g., writing a paper for class), as opposed to a goal focused on enjoyment (e.g., watching a television show). Study 3 found that both sunk time and completion effects were present in progress decisions focused on the accomplishment of a project. These effects were present even when participants were informed that there was sufficient time to complete an alternative project. Study 4 failed to find a sunk time effect in a behavioral study, and Study 5 replicated Study 4 using a vignette format. Overall, these results provide some evidence of sunk time effects in progress decisions, but the effect appears to be small and may be due, at least partially, to completion effects.
Does sustainable development matter for initial public offering underpricing?
Authors: Boulton Thomas J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile many countries have made significant strides toward meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), others continue to struggle to make progress. We connect progress toward the SDGs with capital market outcomes for firms going public. We find that the degree of underpricing in initial public offerings (IPOs) is lower in countries that are closer to achieving the SDGs, particularly those focused on economic and social outcomes. The relation between SDG progress and underpricing is sensitive to IPO characteristics associated with uncertainty, and country‐level indicators of democracy and cultural attributes. SDG progress is also associated with important IPO characteristics correlated with uncertainty, including offer prices, underwriter reputation, VC backing, offer size, and underwriter spreads. Together, our results support the hypothesis that SDG progress reduces uncertainty for investors, which lowers the cost of capital for IPO firms.
Factors shaping Estonian entrepreneurs' green transition awareness
Authors: Pesor Renee , Täks Marge , Kekkonen Aleksandra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explored factors shaping Estonian entrepreneurs' green transition awareness. Employing mixed methods, it included an online survey (532 enterprise representatives) and focus groups/interviews (42 experts). Findings showed that less than half of Estonian companies were aware of the green transition. Based on proportional odds logistic regressions, factors contributing to this low awareness included a perceived lack of necessity, limited exposure to green regulations, demand for information on green initiatives and absence of an established green transition plan. Entrepreneurs acknowledged the importance of sustainable practices yet lacked expertise in their implementation. Policymaker‐driven targeted communication and training are key for bridging this gap, emphasizing benefits and encouraging green plans. Collaboration and knowledge‐sharing, especially with foreign trade‐linked companies, may foster green practice adoption. These findings aid in understanding awareness gaps and guiding support systems. Policymakers can create effective strategies, training and plans, promoting awareness of Estonia's sustainable goals and eco‐conscious business landscape.
Digital transformation and environmental information disclosure in China: The moderating role of top management team's ability
Authors: Chen Yongxin , Zhang Min , Matthews Lane , Guo Hangfei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCompanies rely on advanced digital technologies to empower their operations and sustainable development. Environmental information disclosure (EID) by companies is critical in achieving net zero goals and sustainability. This study empirically investigates the impact of digital transformation (DT) on EID and how the ability of the top management team affects the relationship. We build a model based on the information processing theory and test it using panel data collected from 929 listed companies in China. The findings show an inverted U‐shaped relationship between DT and environmental information disclosure, and the top management team's ability weakens the relationship. The study provides empirical evidence that DT is a double‐edged sword for environmental information disclosure. Also, the results suggest that the top management team may substitute or complement digital technologies in EID during the different stages of DT.
Optimizing the selection of the endoscopically assisted supracerebellar transtentorial approach to the medial temporo‐occipital region: Clinical application of one novel grid coordinate system
Authors: Lin Bon‐Jour , Ju Da‐Tong , Lin Chin , Hueng Dueng‐Yuan , Chen Yuan‐Hao , Ma Hsin‐I , Liu Ming‐Ying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe endoscopically assisted supracerebellar transtentorial (eSCTT) approach is advocated for managing pathologies of the medial temporo‐occipital region, but quantitative analysis is currently lacking. The aims of this study were to establish a grid coordinate system on the tentorium to model the anatomical relationship between medial temporo‐occipital region pathology and the slope of the tentorium, and then to compare the paramedian eSCTT and extreme‐lateral eSCTT approaches quantitatively. Bilateral paramedian and extreme‐lateral eSCTT approaches were used to dissect three adult cadaveric heads anatomically. A grid coordinate system was established on the tentorium, and the angles of attack and depth of the surgical corridor of each coordinate point were obtained so that the two eSCTT approaches could be compared statistically. The measurements were then analyzed to determine the condition for selecting each eSCTT approach, and its clinical feasibility was assessed in three patients with large tumors in the medial temporo‐occipital region. For coordinate points where the X‐coordinate on the grid coordinate system was 1 cm outside the apex of the tentorium, the paramedian eSCTT approach had a significantly wider angle of attack and shorter depth of surgical corridor than the extreme‐lateral eSCTT approach. In contrast, the extreme‐lateral eSCTT approach was better for coordinate points where the Y‐coordinate on the grid coordinate system was 1 cm in front of the apex of the tentorium. The long axis of each patient's tumor was projected on to the tentorium and its corresponding coordinate points were used to match the more appropriate eSCTT approach. Preliminary results for three patients treated with the eSCTT approach for large tumors in the medial temporo‐occipital region were encouraging. When the eSCTT approach is applied to manage a large tumor of the medial temporo‐occipital region, assessment of the long axis of the tumor and knowledge of the selective condition for each eSCTT approach can help in clinical decision‐making.
Radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy for postoperative recurrence in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Qing , Tu Xue‐Hua , Yu Rui‐Xuan , Wen Hong‐Ying , Guo Xiao‐Guang , Ma Dai‐Yuan , Jiang Kai‐Yuan , Tian Dong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with postoperative recurrence remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the effects of radiotherapy (RT) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on postoperative recurrence in ESCC patients.MethodsRecurrence ESCC patients who received salvage RT and CRT from January 2015 to January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Post‐recurrence survival (PRS) and prognostic factors were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. Subgroup analyses were performed based on pathological lymph node (LN) status (negative/positive) to evaluate the differences in salvage treatments and toxic reaction.ResultsA total of 170 patients were enrolled, with a median age of 60 years (range 43–77). No significant difference was found in the median PRS between the salvage RT and CRT groups (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that TNM stage III and IV, macroscopic medullary type, and distant metastasis recurrence pattern were independent prognostic factors (all p < 0.05) for PRS. Salvage treatment was not associated with PRS (p = 0.897). However, in patients with negative LN, CRT was associated with prolonged survival (p = 0.043) and had no significant differences in toxic reactions compared to RT (p = 0.924). In addition, RT showed better prognoses (p = 0.020) and lower toxic reactions (p = 0.030) than CRT in patients with positive LNs.ConclusionsBased on prognosis and toxic reactions, ESCC recurrence patients with negative LNs could benefit from CRT, but RT should be recommended for patients with positive LNs.
Left atrial compression syndrome secondary to coronary artery perforation: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management strategies
Authors: Masoomi Reza , Burke Christopher R. , Del Cid Fratti Juan , Azzalini Lorenzo , Kearney Kathleen E. , Lombardi William 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoronary perforation (CP) poses a significant risk of morbidity and mortality, particularly, in patients with a history of cardiac surgery. The occurrence of loculated pericardial effusion presents distinctive challenges in these postcardiac surgical patients. This study delves into the complexities arising from the formation of loculated pericardial effusions subsequent to CP, with a specific focus on the loculated effusion in the posterior wall leading to left atrial compression syndrome. This analysis is dedicated to elucidating pathophysiology diagnostic and treatment strategies tailored for addressing left atrium compression syndrome, providing invaluable insights into the intricacies of diagnosing, treating, and managing this entity in the postcardiac surgical patient.
UoC‐10: Exploring the Packings of Chiral Copper(II) Paddle‐Wheel Based Metal‐Organic Cages (MOCs)
Authors: Sebastian Sean S. , Lee Hyunsong , Badarukhiya Satish , Christoffels Ronja K. , Gebauer Jan M. , Ruschewitz Uwe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe fluorination of the central ring of 1,3,5‐benzene‐tris‐(meta‐benzoate) (referred to as BTMB) leads to a twisted tritopic linker which reacts with copper(II) ions to assemble into octahedral (pseudospherical) metal‐organic cages (MOCs) with paddle‐wheel units at their vertices. In this work, the different sphere packings of these MOCs are explored in detail together with their material properties, which closely resemble those of copper‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). Theoretical investigations of the linkers are carried out to analyze the energetic barrier imposed by the fluorine substituents to form the observed atropisomers.
How Fluid Pseudoplasticity and Elasticity Affect Propeller Flows in Biogas Fermenters
Authors: Kolano Markus , Ohnmacht Benjamin , Lemmer Andreas , Kraume Matthias 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMixing in biogas fermenters is complex due to the non‐Newtonian rheology of biogenic substrates, which exhibit both pseudoplasticity and elasticity. It is yet unclear how these non‐Newtonian properties affect propeller flows and the mixing behavior in fermenters. Therefore, propeller flows in Newtonian as well as shear‐thinning inelastic and elastic fluids are compared numerically and validated against particle image velocity (PIV) data. Elastic normal stresses lead to an increase of pumping rates in the laminar regime and a suppression of the formation of a propeller jet in the transitional regime. Thus, flow rates are severely overestimated by the inelastic, shear‐thinning model in this regime. The results indicate that elasticity is critical for an accurate modeling of flows of biogenic substrates.
Personalized optimization strategy for electrode array layout in TTFields of glioblastoma
Authors: Wang Liang , Chen Chunxiao , Xiao Yueyue , Gong Rongfang , Shen Jun , Lu Ming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTumor treating fields (TTFields) is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of glioblastoma. The electric field intensity is a critical factor in the therapeutic efficacy of TTFields, as stronger electric field can more effectively impede the proliferation and survival of tumor cells. In this study, we aimed to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of TTFields by optimizing the position of electrode arrays, resulting in an increased electric field intensity at the tumor. Three representative head models of real glioblastoma patients were used as the research subjects in this study. The improved subtraction‐average‐based optimization (ISABO) algorithm based on circle chaos mapping, opposition‐based learning and golden sine strategy, was employed to optimize the positions of the four sets of electrode arrays on the scalp. The electrode positions are dynamically adjusted through iterative search to maximize the electric field intensity at the tumor. The experimental results indicate that, in comparison to the conventional layout, the positions of the electrode arrays obtained by the ISABO algorithm can achieve average electric field intensity of 1.7887, 2.0058, and 1.3497 V/cm at the tumor of three glioblastoma patients, which are 23.6%, 29.4%, and 8.5% higher than the conventional layout, respectively. This study demonstrates that optimizing the location of the TTFields electrode array using the ISABO algorithm can effectively enhance the electric field intensity and treatment coverage in the tumor area, offering a more effective approach for personalized TTFields treatment.
HybGBS: A hybrid neural network and grey wolf optimizer for intrusion detection in a cloud computing environment
Authors: Sumathi S , Rajesh R 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe cloud computing environment is subject to unprecedented cyber‐attacks as its infrastructure and protocols may contain vulnerabilities and bugs. Among these, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is chosen by most cyber extortionists, creating unusual traffic that drains cloud resources, making them inaccessible to customers and end users. Hence, security solutions to combat this attack are in high demand. The existing DDoS detection techniques in literature have many drawbacks, such as overfitting, delay in detection, low detection accuracy for attacks that target multiple victims, and high False Positive Rate (FPR). In this proposed study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based hybrid GBS (Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) + Back Propagation Network (BPN) + Self Organizing Map (SOM)) Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is proposed for intrusion detection in the cloud computing environment. The base classifier, BPN, was chosen for our research after evaluating the performance of a comprehensive set of neural network algorithms on the standard benchmark UNSW‐NS 15 dataset. BPN intrusion detection performance is further enhanced by combining it with SOM and GWO. Hybrid Feature Selection (FS) is made using a correlation‐based approach and Stratified 10‐fold cross‐validation (STCV) ranking based on Weight matrix value (W). These selected features are further fine‐tuned using metaheuristic GWO hyperparameter tuning based on a fitness function. The proposed IDS technique is validated using the standard benchmark UNSW‐NS 15 dataset, which consists of 1,75,341 and 82,332 attack cases in the training and testing datasets. This study's findings demonstrate that the proposed ANN‐based hybrid GBS IDS model outperforms other existing IDS models with a higher intrusion detection accuracy of 99.40%, fewer false alarms (0.00389), less error rate (0.001), and faster prediction time (0.29 ns).
Assessment of sedative activity of fraxin: In vivo approach along with receptor binding affinity and molecular interaction with GABAergic system
Authors: Mukty Sonaly Akter , Hasan Rubel , Bhuia Md. Shimul , Saha Anik Kumar , Rahman Umme Sadea , Khatun Mst Muslima , Bithi Sumaya Akter , Ansari Siddique Akber , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Islam Muhammad Torequl 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInsomnia is a sleep disorder in which you have trouble falling and/or staying asleep. This research aims to evaluate the sedative effects of fraxin (FX) on sleeping mice induced by thiopental sodium (TS). In addition, a molecular docking study was conducted to investigate the molecular processes underlying these effects. The study used adult male Swiss albino mice and administered FX (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (DZP) (2 mg/kg) either separately or in combination within the different groups to examine their modulatory effects. After a period of 30 min, the mice that had been treated were administered (TS: 20 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce sleep. The onset of sleep for the mice and the length of their sleep were manually recorded. Additionally, a computational analysis was conducted to predict the role of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the sleep process and evaluate their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. The outcomes indicated that FX extended the length of sleep and reduced the time it took to fall asleep. When the combined treatment of FX and DZP showed synergistic sedative action. Also, FX had a binding affinity of −7.2 kcal/mol, while DZP showed −8.4 kcal/mol. The pharmacokinetic investigation of FX demonstrated favorable drug‐likeness and strong pharmacokinetic characteristics. Ultimately, FX demonstrated a strong sedative impact in the mouse model, likely via interacting with the GABAA receptor pathways.
A semen‐specific deoxyribonucleic acid methylation model for epigenetic age estimation and its robustness under environmental challenges
Authors: Er Sena , Abik Zehra , Ersoy Gokhan , Filoglu Gonul , Ozkara Hamdi , Bulbul Ozlem 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn forensic investigations, semen samples are a common form of biological evidence, especially in cases involving sexual assault. Therefore, accurately estimating the age of an individual is crucial in criminal cases. This study presents a novel age estimation model based on semen‐specific CpG methylation patterns. A multiplex panel was developed, consisting of 12 CpG sites (PARP14, C5orf25, cg23488376, MXRA5, PFKFB3, DLL1, NOX4, cg12837463, TTC7B, KCNA7, NKX2‐1, and SYNE4), which exhibit strong correlations with age. Additionally, this study investigates the resilience of these methylation markers under simulated environmental challenges. We collected ejaculate samples from a diverse cohort of 115 male individuals, aged 20–71 years, who underwent deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and bisulfite conversion. Methylation levels of the selected CpG sites were assessed using a SNaPshot assay, which revealed significant correlations with chronological age. We developed and validated two robust age estimation models through stepwise and enter regression analyses, achieving reliable accuracy with mean absolute errors ranging from 3.81 to 4.1 years. Additionally, the study also investigated the robustness of semen stains under diverse environmental conditions, including fabric type, washing, hematin exposure, and UV‐C light. The selected methylation markers demonstrated remarkable resilience despite the challenges posed by washing procedures and environmental exposure, confirming their potential for age estimation in forensic genetics. This research presents successful age estimation models, emphasizing the strong correlations between methylation levels and chronological age. The proposed methodology's accuracy is affirmed through model validation on an independent test set, while also highlighting the resilience of semen stains on fabrics under varying storage and washing conditions.
Would reducing chlorophyll content result in a higher photosynthesis nitrogen use efficiency in crops?
Authors: Mao Linxiong , Song Qingfeng , Li Xiaoya , Zheng Huiqiong , Zhu Xin‐Guang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDecreasing antenna size is considered a potential option for improving photosynthesis and increasing yield potential. Reducing chlorophyll content has been employed as a strategy to decrease antenna size. One of the commonly mentioned advantages of this approach is its ability to enhance crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE); however, there is limited field evidence supporting this claim. In this study, we utilized a rice mutant called p35s‐Ami‐YGL1, which exhibits lower chlorophyll content and smaller antenna size, to investigate the effects of modifying leaf chlorophyll content on tissue nitrogen content and NUE. Our results demonstrate that the nitrogen contents in various tissues, including seed tissue, increased on a weight basis in p35s‐Ami‐YGL1 mutants while exhibiting a decrease in C:N ratio. Simultaneously, we observed a reduction in tissue carbon content along with an increase in the levels of chlorophyll precursors such as Proto IX. Specifically, we observed an upregulation in the expression of genes associated with photosynthetic light reactions and chlorophyll metabolism, while there was no increase in the expression of genes involved in the CBB cycle and nitrogen metabolism. In addition, p35s‐Ami‐YGL1 experienced increased photodamage. These findings suggest that the alterations in the C:N ratio and nitrogen content in plants may be attributed to Proto IX‐mediated photodamage and chloroplast reverse transduction signaling. Besides, these results suggest that the observed increase in tissue nitrogen content in p35s‐Ami‐YGL1 does not reflect an increase in plant nitrogen absorption or use efficiency, rather it is a result of stunted carbon fixation capacity.