bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast simulation mapping: From standard to modified gravity cosmologies using the bias assignment method
Authors: García-Farieta Jorge Enrique , Balaguera-Antolínez Andrés , Kitaura Francisco-Shu 
Published: August 2024

Context. We assess the effectiveness of a non-parametric bias model in generating mock halo catalogues for modified gravity (MG) cosmologies, relying on the distribution of dark matter from either MG or Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) simulations.
Aims. We aim to generate halo catalogues that effectively capture the distinct impact of MG, ensuring high accuracy in both two- and three-point statistics for a comprehensive analysis of large-scale structures. We investigated the inclusion of MG in non-local bias to directly map the tracers onto ΛCDM fields, which would significantly reduce computational costs.
Methods. We employed the bias assignment method (BAM) to model halo distribution statistics by leveraging seven high-resolution COLA simulations of MG cosmologies. Taking cosmic-web dependences into account when learning the bias relations, we designed two experiments to map the MG effects: one utilising the consistent MG density fields and the other employing the benchmark ΛCDM density field.
Results. BAM generates MG halo catalogues from both calibration experiments with excellent summary statistics, achieving a ~1% accuracy in the power spectrum across a wide range of k modes, with minimal differences well below 10% for modes subject to cosmic variance, particularly below k < 0.07 h Mpc−1. The reduced bispectrum remains consistent with the reference catalogues within 10% for the studied configuration. Our results demonstrate that a non-linear and non-local bias description can model the effects of MG starting from a ΛCDM field.
X-ray polarisation in AGN circumnuclear media
Authors: Vander Meulen Bert , Camps Peter , Savić Ðorđe , Baes Maarten , Matt Giorgio , Stalevski Marko 
Published: August 2024

Context. Cold gas and dust reprocess the central X-ray emission of active galactic nuclei (AGN), producing characteristic spectro-polarimetric features in the X-ray band. The recent launch of IXPE allows for observations of this X-ray polarisation signal, which encodes unique information on the parsec-scale circumnuclear medium of obscured AGN. However, the models for interpreting these polarimetric data are under-explored and do not reach the same level of sophistication as the corresponding spectral models.
Aims. We aim at closing the gap between the spectral and spectro-polarimetric modelling of AGN circumnuclear media in the X-ray band by providing the tools for simulating X-ray polarisation in complex geometries of cold gas alongside X-ray spectra.
Methods. We lay out the framework for X-ray polarisation in 3D radiative transfer simulations and provide an implementation to the 3D radiative transfer code SKIRT, focussing on (de)polarisation due to scattering and fluorescent re-emission. As an application, we explored the spectro-polarimetric properties of a 2D toroidal reprocessor of cold gas, modelling the circumnuclear medium of AGN.
Results. For the 2D torus model, we find a complex behaviour of the polarisation angle with photon energy, which we interpret as a balance between the reprocessed photon flux originating from different sky regions, with a direct link to the torus geometry. We calculated a large grid of AGN torus models and demonstrated how spatially resolved X-ray polarisation maps could form a useful tool for interpreting the geometrical information that is encoded in IXPE observations. With this work, we release high-resolution AGN torus templates that simultaneously describe X-ray spectra and spectro-polarimetry for observational data fitting with XSPEC.
Conclusions. The SKIRT code can now model X-ray polarisation simultaneously with X-ray spectra and provide synthetic spectro-polarimetric observations for complex 3D circumnuclear media, with all features of the established SKIRT framework available.
Dynamical friction from self-interacting dark matter
Authors: Fischer Moritz S. , Sagunski Laura 
Published: August 2024

Context. Merging compact objects such as binary black holes provide a promising probe for the physics of dark matter (DM). The gravitational waves emitted during inspiral potentially allow one to detect DM spikes around black holes. This is because the dynamical friction force experienced by the inspiralling black hole alters the orbital period and thus the gravitational wave signal.
Aims. The dynamical friction arising from DM can potentially differ from the collisionless case when DM is subject to self-interactions. This paper aims to understand how self-interactions impact dynamical friction.
Methods. To study the dynamical friction force, we use idealised N-body simulations, where we include self-interacting dark matter.
Results. We find that the dynamical friction force for inspiralling black holes would be typically enhanced by DM self-interactions compared to a collisionless medium (ignoring differences in the DM density). At lower velocities below the sound speed, we find that the dynamical friction force can be reduced by the presence of self-interactions.
Conclusions. DM self-interactions have a significant effect on the dynamical friction for black hole mergers. Assuming the Chandrasekhar formula may underpredict the deceleration due to dynamical friction.
Tumorassoziierte Thrombose
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert 
Published: August 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Aktuelle Leitlinien Die aktuellen Leitlinien empfehlen jetzt zur Behandlung der krebsassoziierten Thrombose (CAT) den Einsatz von direkten Faktor-Xa-Inhibitoren (dFXa-I), gleichwertig zum niedermolekularen Heparin (NMH) – zum Teil wird dFXa-I präferiert. Die Leitlinien stimmen auch in ihren Warnungen überein, dFXa-I wegen des Blutungsrisikos bei gastrointestinalen oder urogenitalen Tumoren mit Vorsicht einzusetzen, insbesondere, wenn der Tumor noch nicht reseziert ist. Mögliche Wechselwirkungen mit der Anti-Krebstherapie sind ebenfalls zu beachten. Die individuelle Entscheidung zur parenteralen Therapie mit NMH oder zur oralen Therapie richtet sich nach der Tumorart, dem Stadium, Begleiterkrankungen, der Aggressivität der Antikrebstherapie und der Patientenpräferenz.
Verlängerte Sekundärprophylaxe Von einer Dosisreduktion in der verlängerten Sekundärprophylaxe wird abgeraten, da das Rezidivrisiko bei CAT-Patienten sehr hoch ist und aktuell noch keine Evidenz aus randomisierten kontrollierten Studien vorliegt. Erste retrospektive Daten legen nahe, dass diese Dosisreduktion auch für individuell ausgewählte CAT-Patienten sicher und effektiv sein kann.
Inzidentelle venöse Thromboembolien im Tumorstaging Inzidentelle venöse Thromboembolien (VTE), die bei Screening-Untersuchungen zufällig entdeckt werden, sollten nach den Leitlinien genauso wie symptomatische VTE behandelt werden. Auch wegen des etwas niedrigeren Rezidivrisikos bei gleichzeitigem Blutungsrisiko erscheint eine niedrigere Intensität der Antikoagulation möglich; dies wurde aber bislang nicht untersucht. Die Patienten sollten in jedem Fall genau nach möglichen Symptomen befragt werden, da symptomatische Patienten mit inzidenteller VTE die gleichen Komplikationsraten aufweisen wie generell Patienten mit symptomatischer VTE.
Echtzeit-MRT: Eine Revolution in der Kinderradiologie?
Authors: Gräfe Daniel , Sorge Ina , Wolfgang Hirsch Franz 
Published: August 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie MRT ist für die meisten Fragestellungen in der Pädiatrie die Spitze der Bildgebung. Dass sie dennoch im Vergleich zu Ultraschall und Röntgen sehr selten angewandt wird, hat nicht nur mit der geringeren Verbreitung der großen MRT-Scanner zu tun: Ein wesentliches Hindernis ist, dass Kinder in der konventionellen MRT absolut stillliegen müssen – eine insbesondere bei kleinen, unkooperativen Säuglingen und Kleinkindern nicht erfüllbare Voraussetzung, weshalb MRT-Untersuchungen in diesem Alter regelhaft in medikamentöser Sedierung durchgeführt werden müssen.Eine neue MRT-Technik, die sogenannte Echtzeit-MRT, kann dieses Hindernis überwinden. Mit bis zu 50 Bildern pro Sekunde beeinflussen Bewegungen des Kindes die diagnostische Qualität nicht länger. Die Technik wurde bereits erfolgreich bei Kindern an Kopf, Herz und Lunge angewandt. Hierdurch ließ sich die Sedierungsrate bei kleinen Kindern relevant senken. Für weitere Einsatzgebiete gibt es vielversprechende erste Erfahrungen. Für eine erfolgreiche Etablierung der Echtzeit-MRT in den kinderradiologischen Workflow ist jedoch ein Umdenken bei Pädiatern sowie Radiologen erforderlich, da diese Form der ultraschnellen MRT nicht mehr jede denkbare Krankheitsursache klären will. Vielmehr fokussiert sie ihre Aussagekraft auf besonders schwere oder frequente Differenzialdiagnosen.Im richtigen Setting und mit fokussierten Fragestellungen revolutioniert die Echtzeit-MRT als bisher vermisstes Bindeglied zwischen breit verfügbarem Ultraschall und der konventionellen High-End-MRT die Kinderradiologie.
„Wer kümmert sich um uns?“ Ergebnisse einer Querschnittsuntersuchung
zur psychosozialen Gesundheit von Geburtshelfer*innen und Hebammen nach
traumatischen Geburtserlebnissen
Authors: Hüner Beate , Kehl Sven , Stelzl Patrick , Friedl Thomas W. P. , Janni Wolfgang , Reister Frank , Lunkenheimer Frederike 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Traumatische Geburten führen nicht nur zu emotionalem Stress
für die werdenden Eltern, sondern können auch die psychosoziale Gesundheit von
Hebammen und Geburtshelfer*innen aufgrund ihrer beruflichen Anforderungen
beeinträchtigen.
Ziel der Studie: Evaluation des Einflusses traumatischer Geburtserlebnisse
auf die psychosoziale Gesundheit von geburtshilflichem Gesundheitspersonal.
Methodik: Querschnittsuntersuchung unter Anwendung validierter
Messinstrumente (Impact of Event Scale Revised IES-R, Copenhagen Burnout
Inventory CBI) und Erhebung des posttraumatischen Wachstums (PGI-SF) durch eine
Online-Befragung von Hebammen und Geburtshelfer*innen im deutschsprachigen Raum.
Ergebnisse: Die Studie umfasst 700 Teilnehmer*innen mit peripartalen
und/oder persönlichen Traumata. Die 33 Teilnehmer*innen (6,3% der 528
Teilnehmer*innen mit ausgefülltem IES-R ) mit einer posttraumatische
Belastungsstörung (PTBS) erhielten seltener Unterstützung durch Kolleg*innen
(p=0,007) und zogen häufiger Konsequenzen am Arbeitsplatz (p<0,001) als
Teilnehmer*innen ohne PTBS. Ein moderates bis hohes Burnout-Level ergab sich für
66,2% der 542 Teilnehmer*innen mit ausgefülltem CBI. Bei 75,9% der 528
Teilnehmer*innen mit ausgefülltem PGI-SF zeigte sich durch das Erleben eines
Traumas ein persönliches Wachstum.
Schlussfolgerung: Die psychosoziale Gesundheit von Hebammen und
Geburtshelfern ist durch traumatische Geburtserlebnisse gefährdet.
Screening-Untersuchungen und das Angebot kollegialer und professioneller
Nachbesprechungen zur Stärkung der Resilienz sind wesentliche präventive
Maßnahmen.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Endophenotypes
Authors: Raphelson Janna Rae , Fuentes Ana Lucia , Holloway Breanna , Malhotra Atul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder with major neurocognitive and cardiometabolic consequences. It is now recognized as a heterogeneous disease with multiple different underlying mechanisms (endotypes) as well as variable clinical expression of disease (phenotypes). The importance of this variability is emphasized since one variable in isolation typically explains only a fraction of the variance in OSA occurrence. This review provides an update of what is known regarding OSA heterogeneity. The importance of OSA endotypes is discussed in the context of how mechanism might affect disease management and/or design of subsequent randomized trials. Further research is recommended to provide further validation of OSA endophenotypes and how this information may influence clinical management in the future.
Anterior Cutaneous Neurectomy—Child's Play?
Authors: Vasu Srivatsan Thirumalai , Karunakaran Sudish , P. Gangadharan V. , Oommen Arun , Ajanvi Ajay Kumar , Chiluka Anil , Gangadharan Govind , Paul Renu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChronic abdominal pain (CAP) is a common entity in the pediatric population and has an extensive differential diagnosis. Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is an etiology that is not often diagnosed and requires an individualized approach. Treatment options for ACNES include nonsurgical and surgical, often a graded approach is used. A 12-year-old boy presented with CAP, and was extensively evaluated as well as underwent multiple abdominal surgeries. He was eventually diagnosed with ACNES and underwent a trial conservative management. Although he initially showed improvement, his pain returned. He later underwent a neurectomy procedure with significant postoperative relief. The patient experienced significant relief postprocedure. He experienced up to 70% relief in pain in the immediate postoperative period and at the end of 3 months, pain was completely absent. The patient was able to return to all his activities including active sports. The diagnosis and management of ACNES is a challenging condition, but this report seeks to highlight its importance as an unusual cause. Literature on the management of this condition is scarce, making it difficult to make informed decisions. Surgical neurectomy is seen as a favored procedure for children with moderate-good pain relief, especially for those who do not respond satisfactorily to local blocks.
Calvarial Tuberculosis: Shifting Paradigm from Surgical to Conservative Approach
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Aggarwal Varun , Krishna Gopal , Singh Ishwar , Vinay Vinay , Holkar Praveen S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an endemic disease in developing countries like India. However, incidence of calvarial TB is very low and it presents in varied forms posing a diagnostic dilemma and delay in management.
Objective This article reports a case series of 15 patients with varied presentations of calvarial TB from a tertiary care superspeciality center of Haryana state in India.
Materials and Methods Study is a retrospective analysis of 15 patients with calvarial TB treated between 2018 and 2021 in a tertiary care hospital. Clinical features, radiological findings, surgical and medical management, and outcomes were reviewed.
Results Of the 15 patients, 9 were males and age ranged between 12 and 45 years. Mean duration of symptoms was 2.9 months (range 1–5 months). The most common presenting symptoms were scalp swelling, discharging sinus, and pain. Four patients were treatment defaulters of pulmonary TB and two patients were found human immunodeficiency virus positive. Brain imaging showed peripherally enhancing extradural collection with bone erosions in most cases. Eleven patients were managed conservatively with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or local debridement/sinus excision. Four patients were managed surgically with drainage of collection, excision of necrotic bone, followed by antitubercular therapy. One patient needed cerebrospinal fluid diversion for associated hydrocephalous with tubercular meningitis which could not recover and succumbed.
Conclusion Calvarial TB is a rare occurrence of common prevalent diseases. Conservative management with FNAC and sinus excision followed by antitubercular treatment are the mainstay of treatment. Surgery should be reserved for extensive lesion or lesion with mass effect.
Facing sustainable city challenges: the quest for attra-chment
Authors: Argento Daniela , Imre Özgün , Johansson Michael , Rönkkö Kari 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo face the challenges of sustainable urban development, city managers and decision makers involve citizens in place (re)making. However, not all citizens engage in participatory place (re)making because their attachment to the place varies. In addition, different opinions of how to enhance place attractiveness exist. This paper aims to explore the role of place attachment and attractiveness in participatory sustainable urban development. The research question is: how do city managers and decision makers incorporate place attachment and attractiveness while engaging citizens in sustainable city (re)making? By adopting a case study approach with empirical focus on the sustainable development of Näsby district, Kristianstad City (Sweden), this paper shows that a key element of participatory place (re)making is to address both attractiveness and attachment simultaneously and throughout the entire process. City managers and decision makers should be aware of the intertwined nature of place attractiveness and attachment, coined as “attra-chment”, by thinking about the multiple bonds that citizens have with their place, as well as what they find attractive, i.e. what they like and want. When citizens’ emotional attachment to the place is considered and valued in all phases of participatory sustainable urban development, their engagement in place (re)making can be a propulsive force for attractiveness.
An ultrastable 1397-nm laser stabilized by a crystalline-coated room-temperature cavity
Authors: Zhu Xian-Qing , Cui Xing-Yang , Kong De-Quan , Yu Hai-Wei , Zhai Xiao-Min , Zheng Ming-Yang , Xie Xiu-Ping , Zhang Qiang , Jiang Xiao , Zhang Xi-Bo , Xu Ping , Dai Han-Ning , Chen Yu-Ao , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: August 2024

State-of-the-art optical cavities are pivotal in pushing the envelope of laser frequency stability below 10−16. This is often achieved by extending the cavity length or cooling the system to cryogenic temperatures to reduce the thermal noise floor. In our study, we present a 30-cm-long cavity that operates at room temperature and is outfitted with crystalline coatings. The system has a predicted ultralow thermal noise floor of 4.4 × 10−17, comparable to what is observed in cryogenic silicon cavities. A 1397-nm laser is stabilized in this advanced cavity, and the stable frequency is then transferred to the clock transition in strontium optical lattice clocks via a frequency-doubling process. We have meticulously minimized and assessed the technical noise contributions through comparisons with an ultrastable reference laser that is locked to a commercially available 30-cm cavity. The frequency instability of the system is rigorously evaluated using a three-cornered-hat method. The results demonstrate that the laser frequency instability remains below 2 × 10−16 for averaging times ranging from 1 to 50 s. These findings underscore the significant potential of room-temperature cavities with crystalline coatings in high-precision metrology and pave the way for further improvements in optical lattice clocks.
First-principles investigation of oxidized Si- and Ge-terminated diamond (100) surfaces
Authors: Gomez H. , Cruz J. , Milne C. , Debnath T. , Birdwell A. G. , Garratt E. J. , Pate B. B. , Rudin S. , Ruzmetov D. A. , Weil J. D. , Shah P. B. , Ivanov T. G. , Lake R. K. , Groves M. N. , Neupane M. R. 
Published: August 2024

Diamond is a semiconductor material with remarkable structural, thermal, and electronic properties that has garnered significant interest in the field of electronics. Although hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) terminations are conventionally favored in transistor designs, alternative options, such as silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), are being explored because of their resilience to harsh processing conditions during fabrication. Density-functional theory was used to examine the non-oxidized and oxidized group-IV (Si and Ge)-terminated diamond (100) surfaces. The (3 × 1) reconstructed surfaces feature an ether configuration and show relative stability compared with the bare surface. Hybrid-functional calculations of the electronic properties revealed reduced fundamental bandgaps (&lt;1 eV) and lower negative electron affinities (NEAs) than those of H-terminated diamond surfaces, which is attributed to the introduction of unoccupied Si (Ge) states and the depletion of negative charges. Furthermore, oxidation of these surfaces enhanced the stability of the diamond surfaces but resulted in two structural configurations: ether and ketone. Oxidized ether configurations displayed insulating properties with energy gaps of ∼4.3 ± 0.3 eV, similar to H-terminated diamond (100) surfaces, whereas bridged ether configurations exhibited metallic properties. Oxidization of the metallic ketone configurations leads to the opening of relatively smaller gaps in the range of 1.1–1.7 eV. Overall, oxidation induced a shift from NEAs to positive electron affinities, except for the reverse-ordered ketone surface with an NEA of −0.94 eV, a value comparable to the H-terminated diamond (100) surfaces. In conclusion, oxidized group-IV-terminated diamond surfaces offer enhanced stability compared to H-terminated surfaces and display unique structural and electronic properties that are influenced by surface bonding.
A corpus-pragmatic analysis of linguistic democratisation in the British Hansard
Authors: Hiltunen Turo , Vartiainen Turo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this article, we investigate changes in British parliamentary discourse by using the Hansard Corpus
(1803–2005). Our first goal is to determine whether parliamentary speeches have become colloquialised by studying frequency
changes of select features associated with informal spoken language. Second, by analysing data from the House of Commons and the
House of Lords separately, we show that the texts from the two Houses should be considered distinct sub-registers, each with their
own conventions and development paths. Finally, we analyse a pattern that seems particularly relevant to parliamentary debates:
one where speakers imply disagreement by referring to their peers in the third person, thus circumventing a parliamentary
regulation whereby speakers are prohibited from addressing one another directly. Our findings support the idea of an ongoing
colloquialisation/democratisation trend affecting parliamentary discourse while also suggesting that this process is not entirely
transparent in the written record because of editorial interference.
Women’s voices in the public sphere
Authors: Bös Birte 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As alternative media, suffrage periodicals played an important role in women’s fight for universal suffrage, which
marked a milestone on the road to democracy. Opening up a space for women in public discourse, these papers shaped and were shaped
by processes of democratisation. This study explores how they balanced informative, propagandistic and commercial functions, and
how women positioned themselves and others as social actors in the context of the movement, challenging gender ideologies. In line
with Rühlemann and Aijmer’s (2015) notion of corpus pragmatics, the study combines the
assets of corpus-linguistic methods, e.g., by drawing on keywords as pointers to relevant areas of interest, with a pronounced
qualitative perspective, complementing the search results by features demanding manual analysis and discussing the findings in
their socio-historical context.