bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and Characterization of Bags from Biocomposite Films of Starch‐Vegetal Fibers Prepared by Tape Casting
Authors: Scheibe Ana S. , de Moraes Jaqueline O. , Laurindo João B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this study, the production of starch films reinforced with cellulose fibers was performed by the tape‐casting technique, which allows preparing films with much larger dimensions, if compared with the classical casting technique. Tape casting is well known in other areas; however, there is a lack in the literature about its use for manufacturing biodegradable films. Using this technique, it was possible to develop bags with 100% biodegradable materials. Puncture and tear propagation resistance, and tensile strength of films prepared with different thicknesses were determined. The films heat sealability, wettability and printability were also studied. Overall, the mechanical properties showed that the thicker films had higher tensile strength. The most suitable heat‐sealing temperature was 150°C. The results indicate that the obtained biodegradable bags have potential to be used for packaging products with dry surfaces (some fruits, clothes), contributing to reduce the impact of oil‐based plastic in the environment.Practical ApplicationsThe starch film, classically prepared by the casting technique, presents small dimensions, which does not allow large‐scale production. With tape‐casting technique, it can be produced films with much larger dimensions, which can be used to form 100% biodegradables packages. These packages can be used to pack products with dry surfaces like some fruits, clothes and others. The present work studies the starch‐cellulose fibers films properties with the purpose of forming biodegradable packages. Some parameters like sealability, wettability, printability, puncture resistance, tensile resistance and tear resistance were determined in order to produce a bag with good characteristics.
Thermal Inactivation of Murine Norovirus‐1 in Suspension and in Dried Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
Authors: Park S.Y. , Kim S.‐H. , Ju I.‐S. , Cho J.‐I. , Ha S.‐D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe current study examined the effects of three different temperatures (60, 85 and 100C) and duration of heat treatment (ranging from 1 min at 100C to 30 min at 60C) on murine norovirus‐1 (MNV‐1) as a human norovirus model both from viral suspension and experimentally contaminated dried mussels. The log10 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID)50/mL values of 3.03, 3.69, 4.35, 5.05 and 5.88 were reduced in suspensions at 60C for 5 min, 60C for 15 min, 60C for 30 min, 85C for 3 min and 85C for 6 min, respectively. The log10TCID50/mL values of 0.78, 2.00, 3.35, 1.95 and 3.20 were reduced from dried mussels under the same conditions, respectively. Complete inactivation of MNV‐1 from both suspension and dried mussel was achieved by 10 and 15 min at 85C, respectively, and by treatment for 1 min at 100C. At 60, 85 and 100C, the 1‐log10TCID50 inactivation of MNV‐1 from both suspension and dried mussels was 7.79 and 9.01 min, 1.11 and 3.06 min and 0.28 and 0.39 min, respectively.Practical ApplicationsOur findings indicate that higher temperature and/or a shorter thermal treatment time than 85C for 10 min (for example, 100C for 1 min) could serve as a potential thermal method for direct application to real target foods for the complete inactivation of norovirus. Moreover, 85C for 15 min or 100C for 1 min could potentially be used to inactivate norovirus in dried seafood production.
Functional and evolutionary anatomy of the African suckermouth catfishes (Siluriformes: Mochokidae): convergent evolution in Afrotropical and Neotropical faunas
Authors: Geerinckx Tom , De Kegel Barbara 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOf those fishes scraping food off substrates and using head parts in substrate attachment for station‐holding, the catfish families Loricariidae, Astroblepidae and Mochokidae display the most dramatically adapted morphologies. Loricariidae and Astroblepidae, living in the Neotropical freshwaters, exclusively contain suckermouth catfish species, and their anatomy and head kinematics have already been studied into detail. Among Mochokidae, living in the tropical freshwaters of Africa, only the chiloglanidine subfamily has a sucker mouth, and occupies similar niches in Africa as both Neotropical families do in South America. Having derived from relatively unrelated catfish ancestors, their anatomy is poorly known, and the nature of their scraping and station‐holding capabilities is not known at all. This paper provides details on the chiloglanidine head anatomy and function (relating their anatomy to that of the non‐suckermouth Mochokidae), and compares this Afrotropical suckermouth taxon with both Neotropical suckermouth families. It identifies both convergences and differing anatomical and kinematic solutions to the same key needs of food‐scraping and station‐holding suckermouth fishes. Chiloglanidine mochokids differ from both Neotropical families in having less mobile jaws, with an upper jaw assisting more in station‐holding than in feeding. They share the highly mobile lower lip with both Neotropical taxa, although the configuration of the intermandibular/protractor hyoidei muscle system, changing the volume of the sucker‐disc cavity, differs in all three taxa. Chiloglanidines have a single, posterior inflow opening into this cavity, whereas Loricariidae have two lateral openings, and Astroblepidae have none, using an opercular incurrent opening instead. The chiloglanidine buccal valve system consists of two passive valves, as in Astroblepidae. Although less diverse in number of genera and species, this Afrotropical suckermouth taxon possesses the anatomical and kinematic key elements allowing a successful occupation of a niche similar to the one found in the Loricariidae + Astroblepidae clade.
An enhanced role and expanded developmental origins for gamma‐aminobutyric acidergic interneurons in the human cerebral cortex
Authors: Clowry Gavin J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHuman beings have considerably expanded cognitive abilities compared with all other species and they also have a relatively larger cerebral cortex compared with their body size. But is a bigger brain the only reason for higher cognition or have other features evolved in parallel? Humans have more and different types of GABAergic interneurons, found in different places, than our model species. Studies are beginning to show differences in function. Is this expanded repertoire of functional types matched by an evolution of their developmental origins? Recent studies support the idea that generation of interneurons in the ventral telencephalon may be more complicated in primates, which have evolved a large and complex outer subventricular zone in the ganglionic eminences. In addition, proportionally more interneurons appear to be produced in the caudal ganglionic eminence, the majority of which populate the superficial layers of the cortex. Whether or not the cortical proliferative zones are a source of interneurogenesis, and to what extent and of what significance, is a contentious issue. As there is growing evidence that conditions such as autism, schizophrenia and congenital epilepsy may have developmental origins in the failure of interneuron production and migration, it is important we understand fully the similarities and differences between human development and our animal models.
Molecular Characterization of Extrachromosomal DNA Accompanying Primula Red Phytoplasma
Authors: Sarkisova Tatiana , Lenz Ondřej , Petrzik Karel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe complete nucleotide sequence of an extrachromosomal element found in primula red isolate of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ (16SrI‐B subgroup) was determined. The plasmid, named pPrR, is 4378 bp in length and has 75% A+T content that is similar to that of the phytoplasma genome. It encodes six putative open reading frames (ORF) longer than 100 amino acids and two smaller ones. The structural organization of the rep gene is similar to that found in plasmids which replicate via rolling circle mechanism. Furthermore, it has homology to both the plasmid pLS1 family and helicase domains of replication‐associated proteins (Rap) of eukaryotic viruses and geminiviruses. The ORF arrangement and genes sequences are most similar to the pPARG1 plasmid from ‘Rehmannia glutinosa’ phytoplasma.
Pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in Mexican patients with tuberculosis and healthy volunteers
Authors: Medellín-Garibay Susanna E , Milán-Segovia Rosa del Carmen , Magaña-Aquino Martín , Portales-Pérez Diana Patricia , Romano-Moreno Silvia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of rifampicin (RIF) between healthy volunteers and patients with tuberculosis (TB).

Methods
RIF was administered as a single 600-mg dose to 24 healthy volunteers and 24 TB patients, followed by serial blood sampling. Plasma concentrations were analysed using a chromatographic method, and the PK parameters were estimated using WinNonlin software.

Key findings
Peak plasma concentration ranged from 6.4 to 19.9 mg/l, which was subtherapeutic for 15% of the study participants in both groups, mostly in men (71.4%). The mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0–24h) did not show differences between these groups (P &gt; 0.05). The absorption rate was slower in TB patients and the volume of distribution normalized by total body weight (Vd/kg) was greater than healthy volunteers (P &lt; 0.05). A greater Vd and clearance were found in male subjects. The lag time (tlag) and the time before reach Cmax (Tmax) were longer for female TB patients (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
The main differences in PK parameters of RIF between Mexican TB patients and healthy volunteers were demonstrated in absorption and distribution processes. In addition, differences in PK parameters observed by sex should be considered for further dosing recommendations.
Evaluation of the effects of individual and group cognitive behavioural therapy and of psychiatric rehabilitation on hopelessness of depressed adults: a comparative analysis
Authors: Gudmundsdottir R. M. , Thome M. 
Published: May 2014

Accessible summary
A combination of individual cognitive behavioural therapy and of psychiatric rehabilitation is more effective in reducing hopelessness than group cognitive behavioural therapy combined with psychiatric rehabilitation or psychiatric rehabilitation only.
Hopelessness is a cardinal symptom of depression and one of the main risk factors for suicide. Reduction of hopelessness under nine on the Beck Hopelessness Scale reduces the risk of suicide in depressed patients. In this study, the mean scores on the Beck Hopelessness Scale decreased in all groups under nine.
Psychiatric rehabilitation with individual cognitive behavioural therapy for depressed patients suffering from hopelessness can be delivered effectively by an interdisciplinary team including advanced psychiatric nurses.
AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of individual and group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and of psychiatric rehabilitation (PR) on hopelessness for depressed patients in a rehabilitation setting. Three groups of patients who underwent PR were allocated to individual CBT combined with PR (n = 43), group CBT combined with PR (n = 52) or PR only (n = 22). Hopelessness was assessed by the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). The majority of the patients (68.4%) suffered from moderate to severe hopelessness before treatment (score ≥ 9–20). Results showed that the pretest mean score on the BHS decreased from 11. 57 (SD = 5.58) to 7.46 (SD = 5.20) at posttest. The mean scores on the BHS decreased in all groups under nine. The combination of individual CBT and PR was significantly more effective in reducing hopelessness than group CBT with PR or PR only. Group CBT combined with PR was not significantly more effective than PR only. It is concluded that individual CBT combined with PR is more effective in alleviating hopelessness among depressed patients than group CBT with PR or PR only. CBT can be delivered by an interdisciplinary team including advanced psychiatric nurses.
An examination and appreciation of the dimensions of locus of control in psychosis: issues and relationships between constructs and measurement
Authors: Hutcheson C. , Fleming M. P. , Martin C. R. 
Published: May 2014

Accessible summary
The findings from this narrative review suggest that the construct of locus of control, although underexplored in the area of schizophrenia, is of theoretical and clinical importance to the understanding of psychosis, the manifestation of classic psychotic symptoms and the path to recovery.
An appraisal of the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale suggest that this tool may be a useful and robust instrument to use in research into the relationship between locus of control and psychosis.
Application of the locus of control construct, and in particular health locus of control, may have important implications in developing psychologically coherent approaches to interventions with individuals with psychosis.
AbstractInternal locus of control is associated with better psychological outcomes in comparison with external locus of control. Individuals experiencing a psychotic episode have a more external orientation, an externalizing bias for negative events and associations between paranoid delusions and external locus of control. The concept of multidimensional locus of control as measured by the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale may provide important information about the nature and course of psychotic symptoms. This narrative review explored the relationship between the orientation of locus of control and psychosis. Few studies have used the scale in samples with people experiencing psychotic symptoms and so there is limited evidence about the psychometric properties of the MHLC scale within this client group, although the findings from studies that have explored the properties of this tool in other groups suggest it could be a valuable instrument for use in psychosis. Further research is required to determine both the relationship between locus of control and psychosis in terms of therapeutic factors and outcome, and also the veracity of the MHLC scale as an instrument of choice in this group.
Psychometric evaluation of the Korean version of the attitudes toward acute mental health scale
Authors: Gang M. , Song Y. , Park S.‐Y. , Yang S. 
Published: May 2014

Accessible summary
The Attitudes Toward Acute Mental Health scale (ATAMHS) was translated into Korean with attention to linguistic and content equivalence. Nine items were eliminated from the Korean version because of low correlations with the overall scale due to differences in clinical nursing environments and culture between South Korea and English‐speaking countries.
The results of this study showed that the Korean version of the ATAMHS (ATAMHS‐K) is a reliable and valid scale for measuring attitudes toward mental illness in nurses and nursing students in an acute mental care setting.
Factor analysis of the 24‐item ATAMHS‐K revealed three factors: (1) professional perspective; (2) semantic differentials; and (3) positive attitudes. The final analysis revealed that the three factors accounted for 39.5% of the variance. In addition, the ATAMHS‐K was shown to have strong concurrent validity due to its strong positive correlations with the Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill – Korean version (CAMI‐K) scale.
This study was the first attempt to adapt the ATAMHS for use in South Korea and to validate it with Korean nurses and nursing students.
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to adapt the Attitudes Toward Acute Mental Health Scale (ATAMHS) into the Korean language and culture and then to determine the reliability and validity of it by administering it to a sample of Korean nursing students and nurses. We conducted a psychometric evaluation that included a two‐step item analysis (analysis and reanalysis), exploratory factor analysis and concurrent validity. The ATAMHS was translated into Korean by bilingual nurses. Then, 429 participants (224 undergraduate nursing students and 205 nurses, all with psychiatric experience) completed the translated version of the ATAMHS. The item analysis revealed that nine items correlated poorly with the rest; thus, they were deleted from the scale. The final Korean version of the scale, which we refer to as the Korean version of the ATAMHS (ATAMHS‐K), contains 24 items. The ATAMHS‐K showed good internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors (professional perspective, semantic differentials and positive attitudes) that explained 39.5% of the variance. The ATAMHS‐K had strong correlations with the Korean version of the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill Scale, thus confirming the concurrent validity. Therefore, the ATAMHS‐K demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties as a measure of attitudes toward acute mental health in Korean nursing students and nurses.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC RISK MEASURE VIA CONDITIONAL g‐EXPECTATION
Authors: Xu Yuhong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper deals with multidimensional dynamic risk measures induced by conditional g‐expectations. A notion of multidimensional g‐expectation is proposed to provide a multidimensional version of nonlinear expectations. By a technical result on explicit expressions for the comparison theorem, uniqueness theorem, and viability on a rectangle of solutions to multidimensional backward stochastic differential equations, some necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the constancy, monotonicity, positivity, and translatability properties of multidimensional conditional g‐expectations and multidimensional dynamic risk measures; we prove that a multidimensional dynamic g‐risk measure is nonincreasingly convex if and only if the generator g satisfies a quasi‐monotone increasingly convex condition. A general dual representation is given for the multidimensional dynamic convex g‐risk measure in which the penalty term is expressed more precisely. It is shown that model uncertainty leads to the convexity of risk measures. As to applications, we show how this multidimensional approach can be applied to measure the insolvency risk of a firm with interacting subsidiaries; optimal risk sharing for ‐tolerant g‐risk measures, and risk contribution for coherent g‐risk measures are investigated. Insurance g‐risk measure and other ways to induce g‐risk measures are also studied at the end of the paper.
BENCHMARKED RISK MINIMIZATION
Authors: Du Ke , Platen Eckhard 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper discusses the problem of hedging not perfectly replicable contingent claims using the numéraire portfolio. The proposed concept of benchmarked risk minimization leads beyond the classical no‐arbitrage paradigm. It provides in incomplete markets a generalization of the pricing under classical risk minimization, pioneered by Föllmer, Sondermann, and Schweizer. The latter relies on a quadratic criterion, requests square integrability of claims and gains processes, and relies on the existence of an equivalent risk‐neutral probability measure. Benchmarked risk minimization avoids these restrictive assumptions and provides symmetry with respect to all primary securities. It employs the real‐world probability measure and the numéraire portfolio to identify the minimal possible price for a contingent claim. Furthermore, the resulting benchmarked (i.e., numéraire portfolio denominated) profit and loss is only driven by uncertainty that is orthogonal to benchmarked‐traded uncertainty, and forms a local martingale that starts at zero. Consequently, sufficiently different benchmarked profits and losses, when pooled, become asymptotically negligible through diversification. This property makes benchmarked risk minimization the least expensive method for pricing and hedging diversified pools of not fully replicable benchmarked contingent claims. In addition, when hedging it incorporates evolving information about nonhedgeable uncertainty, which is ignored under classical risk minimization.
An Alternate Double–Single Track Proposal for High‐Speed Peripheral Railway Lines
Authors: Castillo Enrique , Gallego Inmaculada , Sánchez‐Cambronero Santos , Menéndez José María , Rivas Ana , Nogal María , Grande Zacarías 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article presents alternate double–single track (ADST) lines as an alternative to double‐track lines. The idea consists of using single track where the infrastructure is very expensive (tunnels and viaducts) and double track where it is cheaper (smooth orography) combined with small changes in departure times so that trains may cross in the double‐track segments with no reduction in travel times. The solution is shown to be very efficient for traffic demands between 30 and 40 trains per day and the costs are reduced substantially (close to 40%). A linear programming program is given that (1) decides the optimal sequence of single and double tracks and (2) optimizes the timetables for the optimal or other alternative sequences. The Palencia–Santander line is used to illustrate the proposal and some suggestions are given to use the ADST lines in several countries.
Acute vascular rejection during antituberculosis therapy in a kidney transplant patient
Authors: Nakada Yasuyuki , Yamamoto Izumi , Kobayashi Akimitsu , Mafune Aki , Yamakawa Takafumi , Matsuo Nanae , Tanno Yudo , Ohkido Ichiro , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Yokoyama Keitaro , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe report a case of acute vascular rejection occurring during antituberculosis therapy in a patient who had received a kidney transplant. A 29 year‐old man was admitted for a protocol biopsy; he had a serum creatinine (S‐Cr) level of 1.5 mg/dL 1 year after primary kidney transplantation. Histological examination yielded no evidence of rejection but a routine chest CT scan revealed typical lung tuberculosis and his serum was positive for QFT. We commenced antituberculosis therapy, including rifampicin, on June 29 2012. We paid close attention to the weekly trough tacrolimus (TAC) level but the S‐Cr concentration increased to 3.7 mg/dL on October 16 2012, and he was admitted for biopsy. Histological examination revealed, first, a diffuse aggressive infiltration of tubulointerstitial inflammatory cells accompanied by severe tubulitis and mild intimal arteritis and, second, peritubular capillary infiltration by inflammatory cells (including neutrophils). Laboratory data revealed that our patient did not express donor‐specific antibody and the peritubular capillaries did not exhibit C4d immunoreactivity. Upon consideration of both histological and laboratory findings, we diagnosed acute vascular rejection of Banff 2007 class ACR IIA. We commenced 3‐day sessions of intravenous steroid pulse therapy twice weekly and adjusted the trough TAC level to 5–8 ng/mL by varying the TAC dose. We next performed an allograft biopsy and found no evidence of rejection (the S‐Cr level was 2.7 mg/dL on April 1 2013). The present case report demonstrates the difficulties associated with management of TAC‐based regimens in kidney transplant patients undergoing antituberculosis therapy. We also review the relevant literature.