bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A neuropeptide speeds circadian entrainment by reducing intercellular synchrony
Authors: An Sungwon , Harang Rich , Meeker Kirsten , Granados-Fuentes Daniel , Tsai Connie A. , Mazuski Cristina , Kim Jihee , Doyle Francis J. , Petzold Linda R. , Herzog Erik D. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Daily rhythms in behavior depend on the coordinated cycling of circadian neurons in the brain. Here, we found that a neuropeptide that is required for synchrony among circadian neurons also, surprisingly, dose-dependently reduces synchrony among circadian cells. We find this allows the system to adjust how quickly it entrains to environmental cycles. We propose that treatments that enhance this signaling pathway could reduce jet lag associated with shift work and travel across time zones.
WISECONDOR: detection of fetal aberrations from shallow sequencing maternal plasma based on a within-sample comparison scheme
Authors: Straver Roy , Sistermans Erik A. , Holstege Henne , Visser Allerdien , Oudejans Cees B. M. , Reinders Marcel J. T. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Genetic disorders can be detected by prenatal diagnosis using Chorionic Villus Sampling, but the 1:100 chance to result in miscarriage restricts the use to fetuses that are suspected to have an aberration. Detection of trisomy 21 cases noninvasively is now possible owing to the upswing of next-generation sequencing (NGS) because a small percentage of fetal DNA is present in maternal plasma. However, detecting other trisomies and smaller aberrations can only be realized using high-coverage NGS, making it too expensive for routine practice. We present a method, WISECONDOR (WIthin-SamplE COpy Number aberration DetectOR), which detects small aberrations using low-coverage NGS. The increased detection resolution was achieved by comparing read counts within the tested sample of each genomic region with regions on other chromosomes that behave similarly in control samples. This within-sample comparison avoids the need to re-sequence control samples. WISECONDOR correctly identified all T13, T18 and T21 cases while coverages were as low as 0.15–1.66. No false positives were identified. Moreover, WISECONDOR also identified smaller aberrations, down to 20 Mb, such as del(13)(q12.3q14.3), +i(12)(p10) and i(18)(q10). This shows that prevalent fetal copy number aberrations can be detected accurately and affordably by shallow sequencing maternal plasma. WISECONDOR is available at bioinformatics.tudelft.nl/wisecondor.
In vitro studies on the role of glycosaminoglycans in crystallization intensity during infectious urinary stones formation
Authors: Torzewska Agnieszka , Różalski Antoni 
Published: October 2013

Proteus mirabilis cause urinary tract infections which are recurrent and can lead to formation of urinary calculi. Both bacterial and the host factors are involved in the development of urolithiasis. To determine the impact of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the formation of P. mirabilis‐induced urinary stones, we investigated the in vitro crystallization, aggregation and adhesion of crystals in the presence of GAGs naturally appearing in urine. Crystallization experiments were performed in synthetic urine infected with P. mirabilis in the presence of: hyaluronic acid (HA), heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate A, B and C (ChSA, ChSB, ChSC). The intensity of crystallization and aggregation were established by counting particles and phase‐contrast microscopy. To analyze the adhesion of crystals, we used normal urothelium and 45Ca isotope‐labeled crystals. In the presence of ChSC, both the size of the crystals formed and their number were higher compared with the control. GAGs increased crystals adhesion to the cells, but only for ChSA this effect was significant. Chondroitin sulfates, which accelerate the first stages of infection‐induced stones formation, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of infectious urolithiasis.
Malnourishment in bladder cancer and the role of immunonutrition at the time of cystectomy: an overview for urologists
Authors: Munbauhal Gavish , Drouin Sarah J. , Mozer Pierre , Colin Pierre , Phé Véronique , Cussenot Olivier , Rouprêt Morgan 
Published: October 2013

The ‘gold standard’ treatment for patients with carcinoma invading the bladder muscle is radical cystectomy (RC). Such patients are known to be at risk of malnutrition because of age and disease factors. Current evidence has established the nutritional and immunological benefits of immune‐enhancing nutritional supplements in upper gastrointestinal surgery. There are currently no guidelines for immunonutrition (IM) use in urology and bladder cancer specifically.
We carried out a systematic review of the available literature in the MEDLINE/Embase database. We assessed the rates of malnutrition in RC cohorts and analysed the clinical impacts of nutritional deficiency. The impact of immune‐enhancing supplements was also investigated in RC cohorts with regard to postoperative outcomes.
The prevalence of severe malnutrition was found to be 16–22%. There was a consistent association of malnourished patients with adverse postoperative outcomes in terms of mortality and morbidity. There is a paucity of data regarding IM in urological cohorts. Postoperative IM in RC was not found to have significant benefits beyond early return to a normal diet.
There is not enough evidence in malnourished urological study cohorts to establish a consensus on IM. Until there are more well‐controlled comparative effective studies or randomized trials, the role of IM should be considered investigational in patients with bladder cancer.
Sepsis and ‘superbugs’: should we favour the transperineal over the transrectal approach for prostate biopsy?
Authors: Grummet Jeremy P. , Weerakoon Mahesha , Huang Sean , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Frydenberg Mark , Moon Daniel A. , O'Reilly Mary , Murphy Declan 
Published: October 2013

Objective
To determine the rate of hospital re‐admission for sepsis after transperineal (TP) biopsy using both local data and worldwide literature, as there is growing interest in TP biopsy as an alternative to transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)‐guided biopsy for patients undergoing repeat prostate biopsy.
Patients and Methods
Pooled prospective databases on TP biopsy from multiple centres in Melbourne were queried for rates of re‐admission for infection.
A literature review of PubMed and Embase was also conducted using the search terms: ‘prostate biopsy, fever, infection, sepsis, septicaemia and complications’.
Results
In all, 245 TP biopsies were performed (111 at Alfred Health, 92 at Epworth Healthcare, 38 at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and four at other institutions).
The rate of hospital re‐admission for infection was zero.
The literature review showed that the rate of sepsis after TRUS biopsy appears to be rising with increasing rates of multi‐resistant bacteria found in rectal flora, and is as high as 5%.
However, the rate of sepsis from published series of TP biopsy approached zero.
Conclusions
Both local and international data suggest a negligible rate of sepsis with TP biopsy.
This compares to a concerning rise in the rate of sepsis after TRUS biopsy due to the increasing prevalence of multi‐resistant bacteria in rectal flora.
Although TRUS biopsy is convenient, cheap and quick to perform, we think that TP biopsy should now be offered as an option, not only to patients undergoing repeat prostate biopsy, but to all patients in whom a prostate biopsy is indicated.
Human IgE against the major allergen Bet v 1 – defining an epitope with limited cross‐reactivity between different PR‐10 family proteins
Authors: Levin M. , Davies A. M. , Liljekvist M. , Carlsson F. , Gould H. J. , Sutton B. J. , Ohlin M. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe interaction between IgE and allergen is a key event at the initiation of an allergic response, and its characteristics have substantial effects on the clinical manifestation. Despite this, the molecular details of the interaction between human IgE and the major birch allergen Bet v 1, one of the most potent tree allergens, still remain poorly investigated.ObjectiveTo isolate Bet v 1‐specific human monoclonal IgE and characterize their interaction with the allergen.MethodsRecombinant human IgE were isolated from a combinatorial antibody fragment library and their interaction with Bet v 1 assessed using various immunological assays. The structure of one such IgE in the single‐chain fragment variable format was determined using X‐ray crystallography.ResultsWe present four novel Bet v 1‐specific IgE, for one of which we solve the structure, all with their genetic origin in the IGHV5 germline gene, and demonstrate that they target two non‐overlapping epitopes on the surface of Bet v 1, thereby fulfilling the basic criteria for FcεRI cross‐linkage. We further define these epitopes and for one epitope pinpoint single amino acid residues important for the interaction with human IgE. This provides a potential explanation, at the molecular level, for the differences in recognition of isoforms of Bet v 1 and other allergens in the PR‐10 protein family displayed by IgE targeting this epitope. Finally, we present the first high‐resolution structure of a human allergen‐specific IgE fragment in the single‐chain fragment variable (scFv) format.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceWe here display the usefulness of allergen‐specific human monoclonal IgE as a tool in studies of the crucial molecular interaction taking place at the initiation of an allergic response. Such studies may aid us in development of better diagnostic tools and guide us in the development of new therapeutic compounds.
Torque loss under mechanical cycling of long‐span zirconia and titanium‐cemented and screw‐retained implant‐supported CAD/CAM frameworks
Authors: Gomes Érica Alves , Tiossi Rodrigo , Lapria Faria Adriana Cláudia , Rodrigues Renata C. S. , Faria Ribeiro Ricardo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated the screw joint stability after cyclic loading of implant‐supported titanium and zirconia CAD/CAM frameworks for fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) with different retention methods.Material and methodsTwenty four one‐piece frameworks supported by six threaded implants placed in the maxilla were fabricated using a CAD/CAM technique (NeoShape). Dry‐pressed porcelain crowns were luted to the frameworks to standardize the specimens. The specimens were then divided into four groups (n = 6) according to framework material (titanium or zirconia) and retention method for the prosthesis (cement‐ or screw‐retained): G1, Ti‐cemented; G2, Ti‐screw‐retained; G3, Zr‐cemented; and G4, Zr‐screw‐retained. A digital torque ratchet was used to assess the initial preload removal torque. Torque was then reapplied and the specimens were submitted to a 200 N cyclic load, at a frequency of 2 Hz, underwater in controlled temperature of 37°, and for 1 × 106 cycles. An opposing lower dental arch was fabricated using bis‐acrylic resin to simulate occlusal contacts in centric. After cyclic loading, postload removal torque was measured. Preload and postload torque loss was expressed as a percentage of the initial load. Data were submitted to a linear mixed‐effects model for statistical significance (α = 0.05) to evaluate the effect of cyclic loading in the screw torque loss used with frameworks of different materials and retention methods.ResultsSignificant screw torque loss (%) was found for the tested groups (before/after cyclic loading, respectively): G1 (39.77/61.83), G2 (37.57/50.96), G3 (34.87/54.10), and G4 (47.56/73.50) (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe screw removal torque was significantly reduced for all groups in this study after cyclic loading the specimens. Screw‐retained zirconia specimens presented the highest torque loss before and after the cyclic loadings compared with the other specimens that were tested.
Knowing the Risk: Crickets Distinguish between Spider Predators of Different Size and Commonness
Authors: Binz Hellena , Bucher Roman , Entling Martin H. , Menzel Florian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPredators unintentionally release chemical and other cues into their environment that can be used by prey to assess predator presence. Prey organisms can therefore perform specific antipredator behavior to reduce predation risk, which can strongly shape the outcome of trophic interactions. In contrast to aquatic systems, studies on cue‐driven antipredator behavior in terrestrial arthropods cover only few species to date. Here, we investigated occurrence and strength of antipredator behavior of the wood cricket Nemobius sylvestris toward cues of 14 syntopic spider species that are potential predators of wood crickets. We used two different behavioral arena experiments to investigate the influence of predator cues on wood cricket mobility. We further tested whether changes in wood cricket mobility can be explained by five predator‐specific traits: hunting mode, commonness, diurnal activity, predator–prey body–size ratio, and predator–prey life stage differences. Crickets were singly recorded (1) in separate arenas, either in presence or absence of spider cues, to analyze changes in mobility on filter paper covered with cues compared with normal mobility on filter paper without cues; and (2) in subdivided arenas partly covered with spider cues, where the crickets could choose between cue‐bearing and cue‐less areas to analyze differences in residence time and mobility when crickets are able to avoid cues. Crickets either increased or reduced their mobility in the presence of spider cues. In the experiments with cues and controls in separate arenas, the magnitude of behavioral change increased significantly with increasing predator–prey body size ratio. When crickets could choose between spider cues and control, their mobility was significantly higher in the presence of cues from common spider species than from rare spiders. We therefore conclude that wood crickets distinguish between cues from different predator species and that spiders unintentionally release a species‐specific composition and size‐dependent quantity of cues, which lead to distinct antipredator behavior in wood crickets.
How temperature, precipitation and stand age control the biomass carbon density of global mature forests
Authors: Liu Yingchun , Yu Guirui , Wang Qiufeng , Zhang Yangjian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo understand: (1) how temperature, precipitation and stand age control the above‐ground biomass carbon density (BCDa) of mature forests and its macroecology patterns across latitudes; (2) the age threshold for old‐growth forests at a global scale.LocationGlobal forests.MethodsWe compiled a database (897 sites) of mature forests between 80 and 1200 years old. The site data include latitude, longitude, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, forest type, stand age,BCDa, living biomass (above‐ and below‐ground biomass) carbon density and total (living plus dead) biomass carbon density. Based on the site data, we performed regression analyses to show howBCDachanges with climate and forest stand age.ResultsAt a global scale, the highestBCDaof mature forests occurred mainly in the mid‐latitude regions where mean annual temperatures were 8–10 °C and mean annual precipitation was between 1000 and 2500 mm. The averageBCDaof forests in the stand age class of 450–500 years was higher than those in the other stand age classes. For forests between 80 and 450 years old, which form the majority of mature forests, carbon accumulation was faster in dead biomass than in living biomass.Main conclusionsThe highestBCDaof mature forests is located in mid‐latitude regions with cool temperatures and moderate precipitation. The age threshold for old‐growth forests at a global scale should be 450–500 years, which is much older than the previously documented age of 100–200 years. This older age threshold for old‐growth forests is probably one of the primary reasons why recent works have concluded that old‐growth forests are still carbon sinks.
Protective effect of γ‐tocopherol‐enriched diet on N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea‐induced epithelial dysplasia in rat ventral prostate
Authors: Sanches Lucas D. , Santos Sergio A. A. , Carvalho Jaqueline R. , Jeronimo Gabriela D. M. , Favaro Wagner J. , Reis Maria D. G. , Felisbino Sérgio L. , Justulin Luis A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryDespite recent advances in understanding the biological basis of prostate cancer (PCa), the management of this disease remains a challenge. Chemoprotective agents have been used to protect against or eradicate prostate malignancies. Here, we investigated the protective effect of γ‐tocopherol on N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU)‐induced epithelial dysplasia in the rat ventral prostate (VP). Thirty‐two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): control (CT): healthy control animals fed a standard diet; control+γ‐tocopherol (CT+γT): healthy control animals without intervention fed a γ‐tocopherol‐enriched diet (20 mg/kg); N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU): rats that received a single dose of MNU (30 mg/kg) plus testosterone propionate (100 mg/kg) and were fed a standard diet; and MNU+γ‐tocopherol (MNU+γT): rats that received the same treatment of MNU plus testosterone and were fed with a γ‐tocopherol‐enriched diet (20 mg/kg). After 4 months, the VPs were excised to evaluate morphology, cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2), glutathione‐S‐transferase‐pi (GST‐pi) and androgen receptor (AR) protein expression, and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) activity. An increase in the incidence of epithelial dysplasias, such as stratified epithelial hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia, in the MNU group was accompanied by augmented cell proliferation, GST‐pi and Cox‐2 immunoexpression and pro‐MMP‐9 activity. Stromal thickening and inflammatory foci were also observed. The administration of a γ‐tocopherol‐enriched diet significantly attenuated the adverse effects of MNU in the VP. The incidence of epithelial dysplasia decreased, along with the cell proliferation index, GST‐pi and Cox‐2 immunoexpression. The gelatinolytic activity of pro‐MMP‐9 returned to the levels observed for the CT group. These results suggest that γ‐tocopherol acts as a protective agent against MNU‐induced prostatic disorders in the rat ventral prostate.
Proposed classification of longitudinal melanonychia based on clinical and dermoscopic criteria
Authors: Sawada Masaki , Yokota Kenji , Matsumoto Takaaki , Shibata Shinichi , Yasue Satoshi , Sakakibara Akihiro , Kono Michihiro , Akiyama Masashi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundFor longitudinal melanonychia, clinical and dermoscopic criteria for differentiating malignant melanoma in situ from benign nevus/lentigo/functional melanonychia have not been fully established.ObjectiveTo propose a clinical classification of longitudinal melanonychia that is useful in judging the need for follow‐up.MethodsA total of 137 patients with longitudinal melanonychia referred to our outpatient clinic in the most recent eight years were included. The mean and median lengths of follow‐up for patients were 5.0 and 5.5 years, respectively. We classified the 137 lesions into three types by clinical and dermoscopic features of the nail and periungual skin, including Hutchinson sign, variation of color, and borders in the pigmentation band. We observed type I and II lesions with dermoscopy every six months and three months, respectively.ResultsAfter follow‐up, all 72 lesions classified as type I were thought to be benign nevus/lentigo/functional melanonychia. Five of the 52 lesions classified as type II showed enlargement during follow‐up, and biopsy was performed. Of these five lesions, three were diagnosed as nevus/lentigo, and the other two were diagnosed as malignant melanoma in situ. All 13 lesions classified as type III were diagnosed as malignant melanoma in situ.ConclusionWe can expect a type I lesion to be a benign nevus/lentigo/functional melanonychia and a type III lesion to be a malignant melanoma in situ; however, type II lesions fall in a gray zone. We believe this classification is useful in deciding treatment and follow‐up.
Lord Krebs
Authors: Champkin Julian 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
How do you explain to the public the risk that the meat they have been eating for years may pass on a lethal disease? Or to parents that the milk they are giving their children may contain dioxins? Or to politicians that killing badgers may not be an efficient way to control TB? Lord Krebs has succeeded in two out of these three enterprises in statistical communication. Julian Champkin spoke to him at the height of a trial badger cull.
Interactive effects of proactive personality and display rules on emotional labor in organizations
Authors: Randolph Kristen L. , Dahling Jason J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEmotional labor is the management of emotional displays that happens in the context of a work role. Past research has shown that organizational display rules (standards for emotions that should be shown and hidden from customers) influence emotional labor, but little research has examined the individual differences that make employees more or less responsive to these display rules. The present study draws on concepts from the control theory model of emotional labor to address this limitation by examining the moderating role of proactive personality. Results indicate that proactive individuals are highly responsive to different types of display rules that prompt the use of different emotional labor strategies, highlighting the importance of how display expectations are framed for employees.
Adaptation of Oral Processing to the Fracture Properties of Soft Solids
Authors: Koç H. , Çakir E. , Vinyard C.J. , Essick G. , Daubert C.R. , Drake M.A. , Osborne J. , Foegeding E.A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHardness and rubberiness are distinct textural properties that are associated with extended oral processing times and therefore of interest to designing food structure for specific textural properties. Model food gels were developed with (1) increasing strength/hardness and constant deformability or (2) increasing deformability/rubberiness within a limited range of strength. Gel structures were characterized based on mechanical properties and the muscle activity (electromyography) and mandibular movements (three‐dimensional jaw tracking) required for oral processing. Increased strength or deformability required more chewing cycles and increased muscle activity to breakdown samples for swallowing. In contrast, jaw movement amplitude increased in all directions with increased strength and remained constant or decreased with increased deformability. Specific mechanical properties that were correlated with oral processing parameters changed as chewing progressed, possibly reflecting a change in dominate mechanical properties and sensory perception during oral processing.Practical ApplicationsA fundamental understanding of how food structure determines sensory texture is essential to designing foods that are healthy and desirable to consumers. Oral processing, from first bite through swallowing, is the main physiological element of texture evaluation. Model soft solid foods with increasing strength/hardness or deformability/rubberiness were developed and characterized by mechanical tests and oral processing. Mastication of harder or more deformable structures required different chewing movements in bolus preparation. The specific mechanical properties relating to oral processing may change during the chewing sequence.