bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C/EBPε and its acetylation in PMN enhance the tolerance to trauma
Authors: Cheng Shaowen , Zhu Junyu , Bian Yangyang , Yao Jiangling , Zhang Wei , Yin Shuangqin , Kuang Tianyin , Xian Lina , Liang Huaping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Severe trauma can lead to numerous serious complications, threating the well-being and vitality of the afflicted. The quantity and functionality of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) undergo rapid transformations in response to severe trauma, playing a pivotal role in the trauma response. The absence of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε (C/EBPε) profoundly impairs the functionality of PMNs, a function of paramount importance in trauma. In this study, by generating mice with C/EBPε knocked out or overexpressed, we substantiate that C/EBPε ensures the restoration of PMN function, enhancing the expression of antimicrobial proteins and thereby promoting trauma recovery. Furthermore, diminished expression of C/EBPε is observed in trauma patients, with levels displaying a negative correlation with ISS and APACHE II scores, suggesting its potential as a prognostic indicator for clinical treatment. Mechanistically, we uncover the upregulation of SIRT1 and the inhibition of P300 participating in the suppression of C/EBPε acetylation, consequently reducing the resilience of mice to trauma. Therapeutic interventions, whether through the sole administration of PMN, nicotinamide (NAM) treatment, or their combination, all result in an increased survival rate in traumatic mice. In conclusion, our study elucidates the role of C/EBPε in enhancing the resilience to trauma and identifies C/EBPε acetylation as a critical regulatory mechanism, offering potential therapeutic approaches involving PMN transfusion and NAM treatment.
Automatic deep learning detection of overhanging restorations in bitewing radiographs
Authors: Magat Guldane , Altındag Ali , Pertek Hatipoglu Fatma , Hatipoglu Omer , Bayrakdar İbrahim Sevki , Celik Ozer , Orhan Kaan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms for the detecting and segmentation of overhanging dental restorations in bitewing radiographs.

Methods
A total of 1160 anonymized bitewing radiographs were used to progress the artificial intelligence (AI) system for the detection and segmentation of overhanging restorations. The data were then divided into three groups: 80% for training (930 images, 2399 labels), 10% for validation (115 images, 273 labels), and 10% for testing (115 images, 306 labels). A CNN model known as You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) was trained to detect overhanging restorations in bitewing radiographs. After utilizing the remaining 115 radiographs to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed CNN model, the accuracy, sensitivity, precision, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were computed.

Results
The model demonstrated a precision of 90.9%, a sensitivity of 85.3%, and an F1 score of 88.0%. Furthermore, the model achieved an AUC of 0.859 on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The mean average precision (mAP) at an intersection over a union (IoU) threshold of 0.5 was notably high at 0.87.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that deep CNN algorithms are highly effective in the detection and diagnosis of overhanging dental restorations in bitewing radiographs. The high levels of precision, sensitivity, and F1 score, along with the significant AUC and mAP values, underscore the potential of these advanced deep learning techniques in revolutionizing dental diagnostic procedures.
The elephant trunk: a rare morphology of the left atrial appendage—a case report
Authors: Fischer Patrick , Mahfoud Felix , Böhm Michael , Ukena Christian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are at increased risk for thromboembolic events including stroke. The primary source for thromboembolism in these patients is thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Depending on the individual thromboembolic risk, long-term anticoagulation is recommended. In certain patients, however, long-term anticoagulation is contraindicated, and interventional closure of the LAA (LAAC) represents an alternative approach to lower the thromboembolic risk and avoid oral anticoagulation.

Case summary
An 83-year-old male underwent LAAC at our centre in November 2022. Prior to the procedure, a thrombus in the left atrium (LA) or LAA was excluded by transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), and the anatomy of the LAA was assessed as eligible for LAAC with no evidence of anatomical irregularities. After contrast medium injection, angiography revealed an atypical anatomic variant of the LAA with a substantially long, elephant trunk–like course.

Discussion
We present a previously not described unique anatomic variant of the LAA: the elephant trunk morphology. Left atrial appendage anatomy is very heterogeneous, and detailed knowledge of LAA morphology is important for endovascular LAA procedures as well as for predicting the risk of thromboembolic events. Despite thorough pre-procedural imaging, anatomic variants may remain obscured.
Plethora of New Marsupial Genomes Informs Our Knowledge of Marsupial MHC Class II
Authors: Silver Luke W , Hogg Carolyn J , Belov Katherine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a vital role in the vertebrate immune system due to its role in infection, disease and autoimmunity, or recognition of “self”. The marsupial MHC class II genes show divergence from eutherian MHC class II genes and are a unique taxon of therian mammals that give birth to altricial and immunologically naive young providing an opportune study system for investigating evolution of the immune system. Additionally, the MHC in marsupials has been implicated in disease associations, including susceptibility to Chlamydia pecorum infection in koalas. Due to the complexity of the gene family, automated annotation is not possible so here we manually annotate 384 class II MHC genes in 29 marsupial species. We find losses of key components of the marsupial MHC repertoire in the Dasyuromorphia order and the Pseudochiridae family. We perform PGLS analysis to show the gene losses we find are true gene losses and not artifacts of unresolved genome assembly. We investigate the associations between the number of loci and life history traits, including lifespan and reproductive output in lineages of marsupials and hypothesize that gene loss may be linked to the energetic cost and tradeoffs associated with pregnancy and reproduction. We found support for litter size being a significant predictor of the number of DBA and DBB loci, indicating a tradeoff between the energetic requirements of immunity and reproduction. Additionally, we highlight the increased susceptibility of Dasyuridae species to neoplasia and a potential link to MHC gene loss. Finally, these annotations provide a valuable resource to the immunogenetics research community to move forward and further investigate diversity in MHC genes in marsupials.
Error propagation and model update analysis in three-dimensional CSEM inversion
Authors: Dehiya Rahul 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARY
This study examines error propagation from data to model space during 3-D inversion of controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data using a Gauss–Newton-based algorithm. An expression for model parameter correction is obtained using higher order generalized singular value decomposition for various regularization strategies. Inverse modelling is performed for different types of noise employing distinct regularization schemes to investigate the impact of error. Data corrupted with random noise suggest that the random noise mainly propagates when regularization parameters are small, owing to the high-frequency nature of random noise. Furthermore, the random noise predominantly causes artefacts in the shallower part of the inverted model. However, it has little impact on the estimation of major anomalies because the anomaly primarily depends on the smoothly varying parts of data. These observations are valid for both isotropic and anisotropic inversions. Resistive geological anomalies, like vertical dyke or vertical fractures, may pose a significant challenge for isotropic inversion in terms of convergence and data fit, even if the subsurface is isotropic. On the other hand, anisotropic inversion performs remarkably well in such cases, showing faster convergence and better data fit than isotropic inversion. Anisotropic inversion is indispensable in the case of an anisotropic host medium, as isotropic inversion produces significant artefacts and poorer data fit. Numerical experiments suggest that, in general, anisotropic inversion produces relatively better data fit and faster convergence, even in the case of isotropic subsurface. However, due to the varying degree of sensitivity of CSEM data on thin resistive bodies, caution is required in interpreting an anisotropy obtained using anisotropic inversion. An investigation of field data also supports the observations obtained using synthetic experiments.
Temporary sinus node dysfunction following ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with aberrancy of the sinus node artery: a case series
Authors: Aerts Luca , den Uijl Dennis W , Luermans Justin G L , Maesen Bart 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to investigate sinus node dysfunction (SND) as a rare complication following surgical and catheter atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation in patients with an aberrant sinus node artery (SNA).

METHODS
We used a retrospective analysis of 3 patients with an aberrant SNA who underwent different AF ablation procedures: 1 concomitant to aortic valve replacement, 1 thoracoscopic hybrid AF ablation and 1 catheter AF ablation.

RESULTS
All patients experienced temporary SND perioperatively. In the first patient, sinus rhythm (SR) recovered by postoperative day 6. In the second patient, SR returned by postoperative day 14. The third patient had a sinus arrest during ablation that restored to SR immediately post-procedure. All patients had normal SR at the 3-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Awareness of SNA anatomy can help to prevent iatrogenic SND during AF ablation. If SND occurs, a wait-and-see approach is recommended, given that sinus node function seems to recover. Because SND recovers, the benefits of posterior wall isolation could outweigh the disadvantages of temporary SND.
How the Perception of Corruption Shapes the Willingness to Bribe: Evidence From An Online Experiment
Authors: Incio José , Seifert Manuel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDoes the perception of corruption shape the willingness to bribe? This study evaluates the socio-psychological determinants of corruption by measuring how different types of messages influence the probability of engaging in corruption for access to public health, social programs, and official documents. This research uses the social norms approach to explore the link among messaging, perception, and behavior. An online experiment was conducted in Peru for two weeks between October and November 2021, using social media (Facebook) to recruit participants (n = 2584). The participants were divided into two treatment groups and one control group. Those in the treatment groups received informational displays on (i) the perception of corruption as widespread in the public sector (descriptive norm) or (ii) corruption as morally wrong (injunctive norm). The control group did not receive a message. Exposure to messages on corruption increased the overall probability of engaging in corruption. Unexpectedly, those in the injunctive norm group increased their willingness to bribe. Furthermore, this study also found significant differences in bribing behavior based on the different types of public service, gender, and age.
Safety and Efficacy of SAB-185 for Nonhospitalized Adults With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Chew Kara W , Taiwo Babafemi O , Moser Carlee , Daar Eric S , Wohl David Alain , Ritz Justin , Javan Arzhang Cyrus , Li Jonathan Z , Fischer William , Greninger Alexander L , Bausch Christoph , Luke Thomas , Call Robert , Neytman Gene , Giganti Mark J , Fletcher Courtney V , Hughes Michael D , Eron Joseph J , Currier Judith S , Smith Davey M ,   for the ACTIV-2/A5401 Study Team, Chew Kara , Smith David (Davey) , Daar Eric , Wohl David , Currier Judith , Eron Joseph , Javan Arzhang Cyrus , Hughes Michael , Moser Carlee , Giganti Mark , Ritz Justin , Hosey Lara , Roa Jhoanna , Patel Nilam , Colsh Kelly , Rwakazina Irene , Beck Justine , Sieg Scott , Li Jonathan , Fletcher Courtney , Fischer William , Evering Teresa , Ignacio Rachel Bender , Cardoso Sandra , Corado Katya , Jagannathan Prasanna , Jilg Nikolaus , Perelson Alan , Pillay Sandy , Riviere Cynthia , Singh Upinder , Taiwo Babafemi , Gottesman Joan , Newell Matthew , Pedersen Susan , Dragavon Joan , Jennings Cheryl , Greenfelder Brian , Murtaugh William , Kosmyna Jan , Gapara Morgan , Shahkolahi Akbar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
We evaluated the fully human polyclonal antibody product SAB-185 in a phase 3 trial for COVID-19.

Methods
Nonhospitalized high-risk adults within 7 days of symptom onset were randomized 1:1 to open-label SAB-185 3840 units/kg or casirivimab/imdevimab 1200 mg. Noninferiority comparison was undertaken for pre-Omicron population (casirivimab/imdevimab expected to be fully active) and superiority comparison for the Omicron population (casirivimab/imdevimab not expected to be active). Primary outcomes were the composite of all-cause hospitalizations/deaths and grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) through day 28. A secondary outcome was time to sustained symptom resolution.

Results
Enrollment ended early due to low hospitalization/death rates upon Omicron emergence; 255 adults were in pre-Omicron and 392 in Omicron populations. Hospitalizations/deaths occurred in 6 (5.0%) and 3 (2.2%) of pre-Omicron SAB-185 and casirivimab/imdevimab arms (absolute difference 2.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.3%-8.6%); and 5 (2.5%) versus 3 (1.5%) (absolute difference 1.0%; 95% CI, −2.3%-4.5%) for Omicron. All risk ratios for grade ≥3 TEAEs were not significant. Time to symptom resolution was significantly shorter for SAB-185 for Omicron only: 18 versus &gt;25 days; P =.006.

Conclusions
SAB-185 had an acceptable safety profile with faster symptom resolution in the Omicron population.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04518410.
Exploring disparities in HIV-1 pretreatment and acquired drug resistance in China from 2003 to 2022
Authors: Wang Zhaoquan , Jiang He , Pang Xianwu , Li Jianjun , Liang Shujia , Huang Jinghua , Li Dejian , Hou Wenxuan , Chen Ni , Lan Guanghua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the epidemic patterns of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) and acquired drug resistance (ADR) in HIV-1 sequences from China.

Methods
HIV-1 pol sequences and associated epidemiological data were collected from the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database, NCBI, HIV Gene Sequence Database and PubMed. Genotypic resistance and subtypes were identified using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.

Results
A total of 36 263 sequences from ART-naïve individuals and 1548 sequences from ART-experienced individuals with virological failure were evaluated. PDR prevalence was 6.64%, initially decreasing and then increasing to 7.84% (2018–22) due to NNRTI. Pooled ADR prevalence (44.96%) increased, with NNRTI and NRTI aligning with the overall trend. The percentage of multidrug resistance was more than that of single-drug resistance in PDR and especially ADR annually. PDR was most prevalent in Central China followed by Southwest and North. ADR prevalence was highest in North China followed by Northwest and Southwest. In ADR sequences, high-level resistance was more common, especially in NRTI. PDR sequences exhibited low-level or intermediate resistance, especially PI. Drug resistance mutations revealed distinct patterns in PDR and ADR. CRF01_AE, the predominant subtype in China, exhibited the highest proportions among most ART drugs and drug resistance mutations, with a few exceptions where CRF07_BC (prominent in the Northwest), CRF55_01B and CRF08_BC (prominent in the Southwest) showed the highest proportions.

Conclusions
HIV-1 PDR and ADR prevalence in China exhibited diverse epidemiological characteristics, underscoring the importance of ongoing national monitoring of PDR, ADR and subtype; patient education on adherence; and personalized regimens.
A ‘Common Sense’ Response to Health Inequalities in Peru? Public-Private Partnerships in Health and the Implications for the Right to Health and Economic Inequality
Authors: Gianella Camila , Gideon Jasmine , Salas Mariana , Bayliss Kate , De Falco Rossella , Romero María José , Iguiñiz Ruth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Drawing on the case of Peru, our analysis looks at the ways in which the mainstream media creates support for government policies aimed at implementing Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the health sector. Peru has a highly fragmented and segmented healthcare system, and the COVID-19 pandemic exposed the deeply embedded inequalities in accessing healthcare across the country. Nevertheless, the construction of hospitals financed and managed via a PPP arrangement has been one of the major solutions proposed and implemented by successive Peruvian governments in response to the health sector’s challenges. As our analysis demonstrates, the media has played a significant role in promoting this ‘common sense’ agenda whereby greater reliance on the private sector is presented as a solution to the weaknesses of the public sector. Our article considers the wider evidence on the role of PPPs in the health sector and contends that there is very little evidence on the system-wide benefits of PPPs, thus raising significant concerns about their ability to address health inequalities effectively. It also raises important questions about how far PPPs are able to support states in guaranteeing the right to health for their citizens.
Approaches, Goals, and Scientific Integrity in Music Therapy Research with Individuals on the Autism Spectrum: An Integrative Review
Authors: Whipple Jennifer , Schwartzberg Edward Todd 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Scientific integrity is fundamental to evidence-based practice (EBP) and essential in music therapy (MT) research and clinical practice. Researchers conducted an integrative review of approaches and interventions employed by music therapists (MTs) with individuals on the autism spectrum in the context of how studies are analyzed by the National Autism Center (NAC) and National Clearinghouse on Autism Evidence and Practice (NCAEP). Researchers identified 880 database records meeting initial search criteria (i.e., autism spectrum disorder, autism, PDD-NOS, MT, and music interventions); 36 studies remained after screening for duplication, topic relevance, and adherence to inclusion criteria. Included studies were published between 1964 and 2021, in English language, in free open-access journals, worldwide; peer reviewed; conducted by MTs; empirical quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods design; intervention-based; and presented separate data for participants on the autism spectrum. Content and quantitative analyses identified deficits in scientific integrity and the following gaps in studies reviewed: Motor Skills and Placement (NAC-defined intervention targets), Computer-based and Songwriting and Composition (MT techniques), and Wellness and Bonny Method of Guided Imagery in Music (clinical approaches); no patterns were evident among NAC Interventions with MT techniques and approaches. Analysis of 5-point Scientific Merit Ratings yielded a mean 2.78 rating. A comparison of NAC and NCAEP terminology (i.e., how MT researchers report independent variables) indicated eight titles mention specific non-music interventions, 19 mention MT, 14 include music-based technique descriptors, and two mention both non-music interventions and MT. Researchers offer guidelines regarding identity-inclusive language, scientific integrity, and clarity of EBPs within MT intervention research with individuals on the autism spectrum.
An international multi-institutional validation of T1 sub-staging of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm-derived pancreatic cancer
Authors: Habib Joseph R , Rompen Ingmar F , Campbell Brady A , Andel Paul C M , Kinny-Köster Benedict , Damaseviciute Ryte , Brock Hewitt D , Sacks Greg D , Javed Ammar A , Besselink Marc G , van Santvoort Hjalmar C , Daamen Lois A , Loos Martin , He Jin , Quintus Molenaar I , Büchler Markus W , Wolfgang Christopher L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)–derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is resected at smaller sizes compared with its biologically distinct counterpart, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN)–derived PDAC. Thus, experts proposed T1 sub-staging for IPMN-derived PDAC. However, this has never been validated.

Methods
Consecutive upfront surgery patients with IPMN-derived PDAC from 5 international high-volume centers were classified by the proposed T1 sub-staging classification (T1a ≤0.5, T1b &gt;0.5 and ≤1.0, and T1c &gt;1.0 and ≤2.0 cm) using the invasive component size. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to compare overall survival (OS). A multivariable Cox regression was used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) with confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results
Among 747 patients, 69 (9.2%), 50 (6.7%), 99 (13.0%), and 531 patients (71.1%), comprised the T1a, T1b, T1c, and T2-4 subgroups, respectively. Increasing T-stage was associated with elevated CA19-9, poorer grade, nodal positivity, R1 margin, and tubular subtype. Median OS for T1a, T1b, T1c, and T2-4 were 159.0 (95% CI = 126.0 to NR), 128.8 (98.3 to NR), 77.6 (48.3 to 108.2), and 31.4 (27.5 to 37.7) months, respectively (P &lt; .001). OS decreased with increasing T-stage for all pairwise comparisons (all P &lt; .05). After risk adjustment, older than age 65, elevated CA19-9, T1b [HR = 2.55 (1.22 to 5.32)], T1c [HR = 3.04 (1.60 to 5.76)], and T2-4 [HR = 3.41 (1.89 to 6.17)] compared with T1a, nodal positivity, R1 margin, and no adjuvant chemotherapy were associated with worse OS. Disease recurrence was more common in T2-4 tumors (56.4%) compared with T1a (18.2%), T1b (23.9%), and T1c (36.1%, P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
T1 sub-staging of IPMN-derived PDAC is valid and has significant prognostic value. Advancing T1 sub-stage is associated with worse histopathology, survival, and recurrence. T1 sub-staging is recommended for future guidelines.