bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement of medical record abstraction and self‐report of breast cancer treatment with an extended recall window
Authors: Reiner Anne S. , Knight Julia A. , John Esther M. , Lynch Charles F. , Malone Kathleen E. , Liang Xiaolin , Woods Meghan , Root James C. , Bernstein Jonine L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedical record abstraction (MRA) and self‐report questionnaires are two methods frequently used to ascertain cancer treatment information. Prior studies have shown excellent agreement between MRA and self‐report, but it is unknown how a recall window longer than 3 years may affect this agreement.MethodsThe Women’s Environmental Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology (WECARE) Study is a multicenter, population‐based case‐control study of controls with unilateral breast cancer individually matched to cases with contralateral breast cancer. Participants who were diagnosed with a first primary breast cancer from 1985 to 2008 before the age of 55 years completed a questionnaire that included questions on treatment. First primary breast cancer treatment information was abstracted from the medical record from radiation oncology clinic notes for radiation treatment and from systemic adjuvant treatment reports for hormone therapy and chemotherapy. Agreement between MRA and self‐reported treatment was assessed with the kappa statistic and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 2808 participants with MRA and self‐reported chemotherapy treatment information, 2733 participants with MRA and self‐reported hormone therapy information, and 2905 participants with MRA and self‐reported radiation treatment information were identified. The median recall window was 12.5 years (range, 2.8–22.2 years). MRA and self‐reported treatment agreement was excellent across treatment modalities (kappachemo, 98.5; 95% CI, 97.9–99.2; kappahorm, 87.7; 95% CI, 85.9–89.5; kapparad, 97.9; 95% CI, 97.0–98.7). There was no heterogeneity across recall windows (pchemo = .46; phorm = .40; prad = .61).ConclusionsAgreement between self‐reported and MRA primary breast cancer treatment modality information was excellent for young women diagnosed with breast cancer and was maintained even among women whose recall window was more than 20 years after diagnosis.
Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer with Pendant Thioxanthenone Groups as Active Layer for Resistive Memory Devices
Authors: Odintsov Danila S. , Gismatulin Andrei A. , Shundrina Inna K. , Buktoyarova Alexandra D. , Os'kina Irina A. , Beckmann Jens , Azarov Ivan A. , Dementeva Ekaterina V. , Shundrin Leonid A. , Gritsenko Vladimir A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn electro‐active copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 2‐((4‐acroylpiperazine‐1‐yl)methyl)‐9H‐thioxanthene‐9‐one (poly(MMA‐co‐ThS)) was synthesized by radical polymerization. The copolymer has good solubility in most organic solvents, thermal stability up to 282 °C and excellent ability to form thin films on silicon wafers. Poly(MMA‐co‐ThS) films exhibited an electrochemical and electrochromic activity resulting in the formation of long‐lived radical anion states of pendant thioxanthone groups inside the film. These states exhibit optical transitions in the visible region as a broad optical absorption band, 500<λ<900 nm (1.38<Wopt(ThS)<2.48 eV) with a maximum at λmax=675 nm (1.84 eV). Using temperature measurements of the current–voltage characteristics of p‐Si(100)/poly(MMA‐co‐ThS)/Al devices, it was shown that the charge transport in the film occurs by a multiphonon mechanism, which is quantitatively described by the Nasyrov–Gritsenko model of phonon‐assisted tunneling between traps. The value of the optical transition energy of the trap, determined by the Nasyrov–Gritsenko model, Wopt=1.8 eV, is in a good agreement with Wopt(ThS), confirming the nature of the traps as 9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one structures. The n++Si(100)/poly(MMA‐co‐ThS)/Al memory device exhibited a memristive effect (reversible ON/OFF switching of the device) with an initial “forming” cycle followed by repetitive memory cycles characterized by bipolar switching.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Low‐Temperature NH3‐SCR over Cu‐Exchanged Chabazite
Authors: Feng Yingxin , Grönbeck Henrik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCu‐exchanged chabazite (Cu‐CHA) is widely used for ammonia assisted selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NH3‐SCR). The Cu+ ions are at low temperatures solvated by NH3 forming mobile [Cu(NH3)2]+ complexes. The dynamic behaviour of the complexes is critical as O2 adsorption requires a pair of complexes to form a [Cu2(NH3)4O2]2+ peroxo‐species over which NO couples with NH3. Here we introduce a first principles‐based kinetic Monte Carlo approach to explore the effect of the Al‐distribution on the reaction kinetics of NH3‐SCR over Cu‐CHA. The method allows us to scrutinize the interplay between the pairing of [Cu(NH3)2]+ complexes and the reaction landscape for the NH3‐SCR reaction over the peroxo‐complex. The Al‐distribution affects the stability of the [Cu(NH3)2]+ pairs as well as the kinetic parameters of the SCR‐reaction. The turn‐over frequency is determined by the stability of the [Cu(NH3)2]+ pairs and the relative strength of NO and NH3 adsorption once a pair is present. The results establish the hierarchy of effects that influences the performance of Cu‐CHA over NH3‐SCR and provide a computational basis for further development of the Cu‐CHA material.
Hierarchical single‐objective variable double voltage vector model predictive control with low computational burden for cascaded H‐bridge multilevel converter
Authors: Han Jingang , Li Xiangyu , Tang Tianhao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a single objective variable double voltage vector model predictive control (SOV‐DVVMPC) to lower the computational burden for single‐phase cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) converters is proposed. The proposed algorithm is based on a hierarchical structure to control the grid‐connected current and capacitor voltage without a weighting factor. Firstly, layer I controls the grid‐connected current to select the optimal region, the cost function related to the voltage region is designed and the optimal state is calculated directly by analyzing the linear relationship between the divided region and its adjacent voltage levels, which can reduce the computational burden. Correspondingly, the optimal vectors are symmetrically distributed over the entire control cycle by a modulation principle, fulfilling the fixed switching frequency (FSF) of the system. Then, layer II uses redundant switching states to maintain capacitor voltage balancing. Finally, a single‐phase CHB converter experiment setup is constructed, the results show that compared with DVV‐MPC, the execution time of SOV‐DVVMPC is reduced by 26.4%, and compared with traditional MPC, the switching frequency is fixed and the output current quality is improved.
Low power and noise‐immune 9 T compute SRAM cell design based on differential power generator and Schmitt‐trigger logics with14 nm FinFET technology
Authors: Praveen Pushkar , Singh Rakesh Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe excessive power usage in modern digital equipment is triggered by memory arrays, mainly including Static Random‐Access Memory (SRAM) chips. Many scientists are working to create an SRAM cell that is fast, highly stable, and uses little power. However, the traditional SRAM cells have instability and read/write failure at scaled technology nodes. This study proposes a Differential Power Schmitt‐Trigger Logic 9 Tcompute SRAM (DPSTL‐9 TCSRAM) cell design with high read‐and‐write stability and low energy consumption. In SRAM cells, the sensing amplifier (SA), pre‐charge circuit, row decoder, and column decoder are the primary operational elements. Through the use of a single‐bitline (SBL) configuration and a one‐sided Schmitt‐trigger (ST) inverter (STI), the proposed deisgn cell achieves an outstanding read stability performance. In this work, the differential Power Generation (DPG) technique is employed to improve the architecture's writing capacity. The standard AND gates are combined with Schmitt‐trigger logic AND gates to improve noise tolerance while consuming less power and taking up less space. Instead of using a power‐gating mechanism, this research focuses on modifying a power delay product (PDP) circuit to increase the cell's read‐and‐write operation efficiency. The modified decoupled SA plays a major role in the access time and provides significant benefits in terms of read latency. Tanner EDA Tool platform version 16.0 can be used to execute the specified design. The performance metrics of stability, area, latency, and power analysis are examined, and also, the Monte Carlo simulation and reliability simulation are conducetd to show the efficacy of the proposed design.
Customizable and adaptable middleware of things
Authors: Cavalcanti David , Rosa Nelson 
Published: June 2024

SummaryMiddleware has become an essential element in the construction of distributed Internet of Things (IoT) applications. While it plays a central role in hiding the complexities of distribution, middleware systems have also been responsible for dealing with the uncertainties in IoT environments, such as changes during operation (e.g., inaccuracies in sensor data collection) and fluctuations in resource availability, for example, the battery. These uncertainties demand attention as they can result in application failures or, even worse, jeopardize the safety of applications. Existing middleware systems are being enhanced with self‐adaptive capabilities to address these uncertainties. It means they can make runtime adjustments to the middleware and applications (built atop them) without complete shutdowns. Despite the variety of available adaptive solutions, IoT applications often face uncertainties, each requiring a distinct adaptive action. For instance, the need to fine‐tune a thing's workload due to battery consumption is a common challenge. Furthermore, these applications are susceptible to changes occurring at various layers, presenting a complex challenge of managing them simultaneously. This paper introducesMiddlewareExtendify (MEx), a solution for building and executing IoT adaptive middleware systems. MEx simplifies the implementation of middleware and provides an underlying environment that executes the middleware and supports a range of adaptation mechanisms. This approach ensures that the middleware meets the evolving demands of applications and copes with changes at runtime. The evaluation of MEx encompasses different adaptive middleware implementations to measure the impact of the proposed adaptation mechanisms. The results indicate that adaptation comes with acceptable performance costs while offering the ability to fine‐tune middleware functionality or align IoT applications more effectively.
Impact of cannabidiol on myocardial recovery in patients with acute myocarditis: Rationale & design of the ARCHER trial
Authors: McNamara Dennis M. , Cooper Leslie T. , Arbel Yaron , Bhimaraj Arvind , Bocchi Edimar , Friedrich Matthias G. , Kerneis Matthieu , Liu Peter , Parker Andrea B. , Smith Eldon R. , Tang W. H. Wilson , Torre‐Amione Guillermo , Tschöpe Carsten ,   ARCHER Study Group
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsAcute myocarditis, although a rare disease, can be associated with sudden cardiac death or the need for transplantation in both children and young adults. To date, there is no definitive evidence to support the routine use of immunosuppressive therapy or treatment targeting inflammation in patients with myocarditis. Animal models of cardiovascular (CV), as well as neurological diseases, have demonstrated that cannabidiol has significant anti‐inflammatory properties and may represent a promising therapy in acute myocarditis. This efficacy has been shown in a murine model of autoimmune myocarditis as well as in in vitro and in vivo models of heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsWe present the rationale and design of the ARCHER Trial, an international multicentre, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase II study examining the safety and efficacy of a pharmaceutically produced cannabidiol formulation, in patients with mild to moderate acute myocarditis. Eligible patients are those with acute myocarditis, randomized within 10 days of the diagnostic cardiac MRI (CMR), which has met defined diagnostic criteria for myocarditis. Oral treatment (cannabidiol or placebo) is titrated from 2.5 mg/kg of body weight up to 10 mg/kg of body weight b.i.d. (or highest tolerated dose) and taken for 12 weeks in addition to standard of care therapy for HF. The primary endpoints are defined as changes in global longitudinal strain (GLS) and extra cellular volume (ECV), measured by CMR at 12 weeks. Assuming 80% power, a 5% alpha risk and 25% missing CMR follow‐up data at Week 12, 100 patients are required to demonstrate the desired treatment effect of 18%. The change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline to Week 12 was selected as the secondary endpoint. Additional exploratory endpoints include changes in hs‐troponin, NT‐proBNP, markers of inflammation and endothelial function during the 12‐week treatment period. The trial is ongoing but is now more than 50% recruited. As enrolment in the trial continues, no interim data are available for inclusion in this Design paper.ConclusionsThe ongoing ARCHER Trial is an international, multicentre, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled phase II study, designed to determine the effect of a pharmaceutically produced cannabidiol formulation on CMR parameters in patients presenting with acute myocarditis. Enrolment of 100 patients is expected to conclude in Q3 2024. Study results will be available in early 2025.
Functionalisation of Chromane by Deprotonative Metallation
Authors: Bastien Cléo , Erb William , Halauko Yury S. , Matulis Vadim E. , Roisnel Thierry , Sarazin Yann , Mongin Florence 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite the biological interest in chromane derivatives, few studies dedicated to the functionalisation of this heterocycle have been reported. Herein, our objective is to demonstrate the potential of alkali metal bases for the introduction of substituents at its positions 4 and 8, and to explain the observed reactivity based on quantum chemical calculations. Guided by these theoretical results, preliminary optimisation was carried out on 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran before applying the optimal conditions to chromane. Deprotolithiation at C8 was thus achieved using n‐butyllithium in hexane at room temperature, while functionalisation at C4 was promoted by a 1:1 mixture of lithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide and potassium tert‐butoxide in tetrahydrofuran at −50 °C. Various electrophiles were used to intercept the lithiated intermediates, providing a convenient access to substituted chromane derivatives.
Radiologic text correction for better machine understanding
Authors: Kicsi András , Szabó Ledenyi Klaudia , Vidács László 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRadiologic reports often contain misspellings that compromise report quality and pose challenges for machine understanding methods, which require syntactical correctness. General automatic misspell correction solutions are less effective in specialized documents, such as spinal radiologic reports, particularly in morphologically rich languages like Hungarian. Issues arise from complex conjugations and the modification of Latin terms per the rules of the native language. This study introduces a method for the automatic correction of these misspellings, utilizing the Hunspell software and field‐specific dictionaries. This approach, enhanced by linguistic analysis and statistical data, improves information retrieval, as demonstrated in machine‐learning‐based classification and rule‐based identification tasks. Notably, our method identified over 30% more valid errors than human annotators, highlighting its efficiency. We offer a primarily dictionary‐based solution for correcting highly specialized texts and explore the impact of nonword correction on machine understanding. This work underscores the significance of tailored spelling correction in enhancing text processing algorithms' accuracy.
Exact optimisation of spatiotemporal monitoring networks by p‐splines with applications in groundwater assessment
Authors: Low Marnie I. , Bowman Adrian W. , Jones Wayne , Bonte Matthijs 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper develops methods to optimise the sampling strategy for monitoring networks which have fixed locations with regular sampling but with only a proportion of these locations to be used on each sampling occasion. This creates the need for a dynamic spatiotemporal sampling design which makes optimal choices of the locations to be sampled on each occasion. This is a commonly occurring scenario in many environmental settings where there is an existing network of monitoring stations and sampling can be expensive. The particular context of optimisation of an existing groundwater monitoring network is discussed in the paper. The standard design criteria of integrated variance (IV) and variance of the integral (VI) are adapted to the spatiotemporal setting. p‐spline models are shown to allow exact computation of IV and VI, in the case of the additive errors, and a very good approximation of IV in the case of multiplicative errors. The speed of these exact computations allows the globally optimal sampling design to be identified efficiently. In the standard case of additive errors, the design criteria are able to exploit information across time. The only information needed is the location of sampling points, not the values sampled. This contrasts with the case of multiplicative errors where the design criteria are also influenced by the observed response data. Simulated and real examples are used to illustrate the results throughout.
Development of Accelerated Durability Test Protocols for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stacks Under Realistic Operating Conditions
Authors: Schüttoff Miriam , Wachtel Christian , Schlumberger Robert , Wilhelm Florian , Scholta Joachim , Hölzle Markus 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTPolymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell durability is still a major challenge. To overcome time‐consuming durability tests, so‐called accelerated durability tests (ADTs) are of urgent need. This work presents our recent results in developing ADT protocols in the context of realistic operating conditions, especially voltage clipping at 0.85 V. A 5500 h long‐term test was carried out as a reference applying a realistic automotive drive cycle. Focusing on different stressors such as temperature, relative humidity (RH), and load profile four different ADT protocols of 1200 h duration were derived. Seven‐cell short stacks with 240 cm2 active area were used. Comparing cell voltage as a key indicator, an acceleration factor of 3–7 could be achieved. In‐situ characterization techniques such as spatially resolved current measurement, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectra were employed to investigate the influences of individual stressors on specific degradation mechanisms and components. The highest acceleration was observed in the mass transport region of ADTs addressing RH as a stressor, suggesting that RH cycling leads to increased degradation of hydrophobic surfaces. Increased temperature was found to accelerate primarily carbon support degradation. Accelerated catalyst aging seems to be low, demonstrating the effectiveness of voltage‐clipping conditions. Our most promising ADT shows quite a homogeneous acceleration of voltage degradation across all current regions.
Effects of essential caregiver policies on COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 deaths in nursing homes
Authors: Qi Mingyu , Ghazali Nadia , Konetzka R. Tamara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFederal authorities banned nursing home visitation in the early days of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. However, there was growing concern that physical isolation may have unintended harms on nursing home residents. Thus, nursing homes and policymakers faced a tradeoff between minimizing COVID‐19 outbreaks and limiting the unintended harms. Between June 2020 and January 2021, 17 states implemented Essential Caregiver policies (ECPs) allowing nursing home visitation by designated family members or friends under controlled circumstances. Using the Nursing Home COVID‐19 Public File and other relevant data, we analyze the effects of ECPs on deaths among nursing home residents. We exploit variation in the existence of ECPs across states and over time, finding that these policies effectively reduce both non‐COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 deaths, resulting in a decrease in total deaths. These effects are larger for states that implemented policies mandatorily or without restrictions, indicating a dose‐response relationship. These policies reduce non‐COVID‐19 deaths in facilities with higher quality or staffing levels, while reducing COVID‐19 deaths in facilities with lower quality or staffing levels. Our findings support the use and expansion of ECPs to balance resident safety and the need for social interaction and informal care during future pandemics.
En Route to Enantioenriched Quaternary Stereocenters via Lewis Base/Palladium Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: McGuire Maygan M. , Bach Andrew C. , Pink Maren , Snaddon Thomas N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of quaternary stereogenic centers in bioactive molecules coupled with innate challenges associated with their enantioselective preparation continues to provide powerful impetus for the development of catalytic asymmetric methods capable of their construction. Herein, we describe a cooperative isothiourea Lewis base‐palladium catalyst system that enables the enantioselective alkylation of α‐substituted‐α‐cyano esters with allyl methanesulfonate. While the levels of enantioselection are modest, this study represents the first time we have successfully constructed quaternary‐substituted stereogenic centers using this Lewis base‐palladium cooperative catalysis scheme. Further, this strategy constitutes a departure from ligand‐based enantiocontrol and suggests that, when using acidic pro‐nucleophiles, the development of protocols where Lewis base catalysis can outcompete direct deprotonation might be within reach.