bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Political Dynamics of Sustainable Coffee: Contested Value Regimes and the Transformation of Sustainability
Authors: Levy David , Reinecke Juliane , Manning Stephan 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe global coffee sector has seen a transformation towards more ‘sustainable’ forms of production, and, simultaneously, the continued dominance of mainstream coffee firms and practices. We examine this paradox by conceptualizing the underlying process of political corporate social responsibility (PCSR) as a series of long‐term, multi‐dimensional interactions between civil society and corporate actors, drawing from the neo‐Gramscian concepts of hegemony and passive revolution. A longitudinal study of the evolution of coffee sustainability standards suggests that PCSR can be understood as a process of challenging and defending value regimes, within which viable configurations of economic models, normative‐cultural values, and governance structures are aligned and stabilized. Specifically, we show how dynamics of moves and accommodations between challengers and corporate actors shape the practice and meaning of ‘sustainable’ coffee. The results contribute to understanding the political dynamics of CSR as a dialectic process of ‘revolution/restoration’, or passive revolution, whereby value regimes assimilate and adapt to potentially disruptive challenges, transforming sustainability practices and discourse.
Psychosocial needs of parents and children accessing hospital outpatient paediatric services in New Zealand
Authors: Case Rosalind Jane Leamy , Barber Carrie Cornsweet , Starkey Nicola Jayne 
Published: June 2015

AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the psychological and psychosocial service needs of parents and children in a New Zealand hospital paediatric outpatient clinic.MethodParents (n = 152), children and adolescents aged 0–16 years with a range of illness types and severities completed self‐reports of depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life, and rated their child's emotional, behavioural and social problems. Paediatricians rated children's health, medical adherence and the families' need for psychosocial support.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐two parents completed the questionnaire. Parents' stress levels were significantly higher than those in a normative population. Children's levels of emotional, behavioural and social problems were significantly elevated. Paediatricians perceived that a large proportion of families could benefit from psychosocial intervention, and the majority of families were interested in paediatric psychological services.ConclusionsParents and children coping with mild or short‐term childhood illnesses may experience significantly elevated levels of psychological distress and dysfunction, as do those with chronic or life‐threatening illnesses. While families report high levels of interest in receiving paediatric psychology services, the majority has not received psychological support.
Biodiversity of Klebsormidium (Streptophyta) from alpine biological soil crusts (Alps, Tyrol, Austria, and Italy)
Authors: Mikhailyuk Tatiana , Glaser Karin , Holzinger Andreas , Karsten Ulf 
Published: June 2015

Forty Klebsormidium strains isolated from soil crusts of mountain regions (Alps, 600–3,000 m elevation) were analyzed. The molecular phylogeny (internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequences) showed that these strains belong to clades B/C, D, E, and F. Seven main (K. flaccidum, K. elegans, K. crenulatum, K. dissectum, K. nitens, K. subtile, and K. fluitans) and four transitional morphotypes (K. cf. flaccidum, K. cf. nitens, K. cf. subtile, and K. cf. fluitans) were identified. Most strains belong to clade E, which includes isolates that prefer humid conditions. One representative of the xerophytic lineage (clade F) as well as few isolates characteristic of temperate conditions (clades B/C, D) were found. Most strains of clade E were isolated from low/middle elevations (<1,800 m above sea level; a.s.l.) in the pine‐forest zone. Strains of clades B/C, D, and F occurred sporadically at higher elevations (1,548–2,843 m a.s.l.), mostly under xerophytic conditions of alpine meadows. Comparison of the alpine Klebsormidium assemblage with data from other biogeographic regions indicated similarity with soil crusts/biofilms from terrestrial habitats in mixed forest in Western Europe, North America, and Asia, as well as walls of buildings in Western European cities. The alpine assemblage differed substantially from crusts from granite outcrops and sand dunes in Eastern Europe (Ukraine), and fundamentally from soil crusts in South African drylands. Epitypification of the known species K. flaccidum, K. crenulatum, K. subtile, K. nitens, K. dissectum, K. fluitans, K. mucosum, and K. elegans is proposed to establish taxonomic names and type material as an aid for practical studies on these algae, as well as for unambiguous identification of alpine strains. New combination Klebsormidium subtile (Kützing) Mikhailyuk, Glaser, Holzinger et Karsten comb. nov. is made.
Effective number of breeders provides a link between interannual variation in stream flow and individual reproductive contribution in a stream salmonid
Authors: Whiteley Andrew R. , Coombs Jason A. , Cembrola Matthew , O'Donnell Matthew J. , Hudy Mark , Nislow Keith H. , Letcher Benjamin H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe effective number of breeders that give rise to a cohort (Nb) is a promising metric for genetic monitoring of species with overlapping generations; however, more work is needed to understand factors that contribute to variation in this measure in natural populations. We tested hypotheses related to interannual variation in Nb in two long‐term studies of brook trout populations. We found no supporting evidence for our initial hypothesis that reflects (defined as the number of adults in a population at the time of reproduction). was stable relative to and did not follow trends in abundance (one stream negative, the other positive). We used stream flow estimates to test the alternative hypothesis that environmental factors constrain Nb. We observed an intermediate optimum autumn stream flow for both (R2 = 0.73, P = 0.02) and full‐sibling family evenness (R2 = 0.77, P = 0.01) in one population and a negative correlation between autumn stream flow and full‐sib family evenness in the other population (r = −0.95, P = 0.02). Evidence for greater reproductive skew at the lowest and highest autumn flow was consistent with suboptimal conditions at flow extremes. A series of additional tests provided no supporting evidence for a related hypothesis that density‐dependent reproductive success was responsible for the lack of relationship between Nb and NC (so‐called genetic compensation). This work provides evidence that Nb is a useful metric of population‐specific individual reproductive contribution for genetic monitoring across populations and the link we provide between stream flow and Nb could be used to help predict population resilience to environmental change.
The CrdRS two‐component system in Helicobacter pylori responds to nitrosative stress
Authors: Hung Chiu‐Lien , Cheng Hsin‐Hung , Hsieh Wan‐Chen , Tsai Zing Tsung‐Yeh , Tsai Huai‐Kuang , Chu Chia‐Han , Hsieh Wen‐Ping , Chen Yi‐Fan , Tsou Yu , Lai Chih‐Ho , Wang Wen‐Ching 
Published: June 2015

SummaryHelicobacter pylori inhabits the gastric mucosa where it senses and responds to various stresses via a two‐component systems (TCSs) that enable its persistent colonization. The aim of this study was to investigate whether any of the three paired TCSs (ArsRS, FleRS and CrdRS) in H. pylori respond to nitrosative stress. The results showed that the expression of crdS was significantly increased upon exposure to nitric oxide (NO). crdS‐knockout (ΔcrdS) and crdR/crdS‐knockout (ΔcrdRS) H. pylori, but not arsS‐knockout (ΔarsS) or fleS‐knockout (ΔfleS) H. pylori, showed a significant loss of viability upon exposure to NO compared with wild‐type strain. Knockin crdS (ΔcrdS‐in) significantly restored viability in the presence of NO. Global transcriptional profiling analysis of wild‐type and ΔcrdS H. pylori in the presence or absence of NO showed that 101 genes were differentially expressed, including copper resistance determinant A (crdA), transport, binding and envelope proteins. The CrdR binding motifs were investigated by competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assay, which revealed that the two AC‐rich regions in the crdA promoter region are required for binding. These results demonstrate that CrdR–crdA interaction enables H. pylori to survive under nitrosative stress.
Succinate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial complex II) is a source of reactive oxygen species in plants and regulates development and stress responses
Authors: Jardim‐Messeder Douglas , Caverzan Andréia , Rauber Rafael , de Souza Ferreira Eduardo , Margis‐Pinheiro Márcia , Galina Antonio 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that regulate plant development and responses to stresses. Mitochondria are the source of most ROS in heterotrophic cells, and mitochondrial complex I and complex III are regarded as the main sites of ROS production in plant mitochondria. Recent studies have demonstrated that succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) also contributes to mitochondrial ROS production. However, the ability of SDH to generate ROS in plants is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of SDH in mitochondrial ROS production.

Our results demonstrated that SDH is a direct source of ROS in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, and the induction of ROS production by specific SDH inhibitors impaired plant growth. In addition, this effect was accompanied by the down‐regulation of cell cycle genes and the up‐regulation of stress‐related genes.

However, the partial inhibition of SDH by a competitive inhibitor decreased ROS production, which was associated with increased shoot and root growth, and prevented the down‐regulation of cell cycle genes and the induction of stress‐related genes by noncompetitive inhibitors.

In conclusion, SDH plays an important role in ROS production, being a direct source of ROS in plant mitochondria and regulating plant development and stress responses.
Molecular characterization of Oryza sativa WRKY6, which binds to W‐box‐like element 1 of the Oryza sativa pathogenesis‐related (PR) 10a promoter and confers reduced susceptibility to pathogens
Authors: Choi Changhyun , Hwang Seon‐Hee , Fang Il Ran , Kwon Soon Il , Park Sang Ryeol , Ahn Ilpyung , Kim Jung Bong , Hwang Duk‐Ju 
Published: June 2015

Summary

WRKY proteins are transcription factors (TFs) that regulate the expression of defense‐related genes. The salicylic acid (SA)‐inducible Oryza sativa WRKY6 (OsWRKY6) was identified as a positive regulator of Oryza sativa pathogenesis‐related 10a (OsPR10a) by transient expression assays. A physical interaction between OsWRKY6 and W‐box‐like element 1 (WLE1), which positively regulates OsPR10a/probenazole induced protein 1 expression, was verified in vitro.

Several pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes were constitutively activated, including OsPR10a, and transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) plants overexpressing (ox) OsWRKY6 exhibited enhanced disease resistance to pathogens. By contrast, PR gene induction was compromised in transgenic OsWRKY6‐RNAi lines, suggesting that OsWRKY6 is a positive regulator of defense responses. OsWRKY6‐ox lines displayed leaf lesions, and increased OsWRKY6 levels caused cell death.

Salicylic acid (SA) concentrations were higher in OsWRKY6‐ox lines than in wild‐type (WT) plants, and transcript levels of Oryza sativa isochorismate synthase 1 (OsICS1), which encodes a major enzyme involved in SA biosynthesis, were higher in OsWRKY6‐ox lines than in WT. OsWRKY6 directly bound to the OsICS1 promoter in vivo. This indicates that OsWRKY6 can directly regulate OsICS1 expression and thereby increase SA concentrations. OsWRKY6 autoregulates its own expression. OsWRKY6 protein degradation is possibly regulated by ubiquitination.

Our results suggest that OsWRKY6 positively regulates defense responses through activation of OsICS1 expression and OsWRKY6 stabilization.
BAM 1 and RECEPTOR‐LIKE PROTEIN KINASE 2 constitute a signaling pathway and modulate CLE peptide‐triggered growth inhibition in Arabidopsis root
Authors: Shimizu Noriko , Ishida Takashi , Yamada Masashi , Shigenobu Shuji , Tabata Ryo , Kinoshita Atsuko , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Hasebe Mitsuyasu , Mitsumasu Kanako , Sawa Shinichiro 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Ligand receptor‐based signaling is a means of cell‐to‐cell communication for coordinating developmental and physiological processes in multicellular organisms. In plants, cell‐producing meristems utilize this signaling to regulate their activities and ensure for proper development. Shoot and root systems share common requirements for carrying out this process; however, its molecular basis is largely unclear. It has been suggested that synthetic CLV3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptide shrinks the root meristem through the actions of CLAVATA2 (CLV2) and the RECEPTOR‐LIKE PROTEIN KINASE 2 (RPK2) pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Our genetic screening for mutations that resist CLE peptide signaling in roots determined that BAM1, which is a member of the leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase (LRR‐RLK) family, is also involved in this pathway.

BAM1 is preferentially expressed in the root tip, including the quiescent center and its surrounding stem cells. Our genetic analysis revealed that BAM1 functions together with RPK2. Using coimmunoprecipitation assay, we showed that BAM1 is capable of forming heteromeric complexes with RPK2.

These findings suggest that the BAM1 and RPK2 receptors constitute a signaling pathway that modulates cell proliferation in the root meristem and that related molecules are employed in root and shoot meristems.
Differential CO2 effect on primary carbon metabolism of flag leaves in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)
Authors: Aranjuelo Iker , Erice Gorka , Sanz‐Sáez Alvaro , Abadie Cyril , Gilard Françoise , Gil‐Quintana Erena , Avice Jean‐Christophe , Staudinger Christiana , Wienkoop Stefanie , Araus Jose L. , Bourguignon Jacques , Irigoyen Juan J. , Tcherkez Guillaume 
Published: June 2015

AbstractC sink/source balance and N assimilation have been identified as target processes conditioning crop responsiveness to elevated CO2. However, little is known about phenology‐driven modifications of C and N primary metabolism at elevated CO2 in cereals such as wheat. Here, we examined the differential effect of elevated CO2 at two development stages (onset of flowering, onset of grain filling) in durum wheat (Triticum durum, var. Sula) using physiological measurements (photosynthesis, isotopes), metabolomics, proteomics and 15N labelling. Our results show that growth at elevated CO2 was accompanied by photosynthetic acclimation through a lower internal (mesophyll) conductance but no significant effect on Rubisco content, maximal carboxylation or electron transfer. Growth at elevated CO2 altered photosynthate export and tended to accelerate leaf N remobilization, which was visible for several proteins and amino acids, as well as lysine degradation metabolism. However, grain biomass produced at elevated CO2 was larger and less N rich, suggesting that nitrogen use efficiency rather than photosynthesis is an important target for improvement, even in good CO2‐responsive cultivars.
Responses of two semiarid conifer tree species to reduced precipitation and warming reveal new perspectives for stomatal regulation
Authors: Garcia‐Forner NúRIA , Adams Henry D. , Sevanto Sanna , Collins Adam D. , Dickman Lee T. , Hudson Patrick J. , Zeppel Melanie J.B. , Jenkins Michael W. , Powers Heath , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , Mcdowell Nate G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRelatively anisohydric species are predicted to be more predisposed to hydraulic failure than relatively isohydric species, as they operate with narrower hydraulic safety margins. We subjected co‐occurring anisohydric Juniperus monosperma and isohydric Pinus edulis trees to warming, reduced precipitation, or both, and measured their gas exchange and hydraulic responses. We found that reductions in stomatal conductance and assimilation by heat and drought were more frequent during relatively moist periods, but these effects were not exacerbated in the combined heat and drought treatment. Counter to expectations, both species exhibited similar gs temporal dynamics in response to drought. Further, whereas P. edulis exhibited chronic embolism, J. monosperma showed very little embolism due to its conservative stomatal regulation and maintenance of xylem water potential above the embolism entry point. This tight stomatal control and low levels of embolism experienced by juniper refuted the notion that very low water potentials during drought are associated with loose stomatal control and with the hypothesis that anisohydric species are more prone to hydraulic failure than isohydric species. Because direct association of stomatal behaviour with embolism resistance can be misleading, we advocate consideration of stomatal behaviour relative to embolism resistance for classifying species drought response strategies.
SlDREB2, a tomato dehydration‐responsive element‐binding 2 transcription factor, mediates salt stress tolerance in tomato and Arabidopsis
Authors: Hichri Imène , Muhovski Yordan , Clippe André , Žižková Eva , Dobrev Petre I. , Motyka Vaclav , Lutts Stanley 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo counter environmental cues, cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has evolved adaptive mechanisms requiring regulation of downstream genes. The dehydration‐responsive element‐binding protein 2 (DREB2) transcription factors regulate abiotic stresses responses in plants. Herein, we isolated a novel DREB2‐type regulator involved in salinity response, named SlDREB2. Spatio‐temporal expression profile together with investigation of its promoter activity indicated that SlDREB2 is expressed during early stages of seedling establishment and in various vegetative and reproductive organs of adult plants. SlDREB2 is up‐regulated in roots and young leaves following exposure to NaCl, but is also induced by KCl and drought. Its overexpression in WT Arabidopsis and atdreb2a mutants improved seed germination and plant growth in presence of different osmotica. In tomato, SlDREB2 affected vegetative and reproductive organs development and the intronic sequence present in the 5′ UTR drives its expression. Physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic analyses showed that SlDREB2 enhanced plant tolerance to salinity by improvement of K+/Na+ ratio, and proline and polyamines biosynthesis. Exogenous hormonal treatments (abscisic acid, auxin and cytokinins) and analysis of WT and 35S::SlDREB2 tomatoes hormonal contents highlighted SlDREB2 involvement in abscisic acid biosynthesis/signalling. Altogether, our results provide an overview of SlDREB2 mode of action during early salt stress response.
Oral, radiographical, and clinical findings in Weaver syndrome: a case report
Authors: Miller Karina , Abukabbos Halima , Mugayar Leda 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTWeaver syndrome is a rare condition characterized by accelerated growth, advanced osseous maturation, and distinct craniofacial features that can occur in both males and females. Etiology is unknown and no definitive oral characteristics have been established. The objective of this case report is to describe the oral and radiographic findings of a 14‐year‐old male with Weaver syndrome. A comprehensive dental examination was performed under general anesthesia. The clinical findings were: severe generalized heavy plaque with subgingival calculus, gingival edema, malocclusion and maxillary atresia, mild micrognathia of the mandible, enlarged tongue, and bifid uvula. Clinical and radiographic caries were not found. Out of over 40 possible cases of Weaver syndrome previously reported in the literature, only two were related to the oral cavity. Bifida uvula was not mentioned until now as clinical findings associated with the syndrome. Autism, macroglossia, and cleft palate were seldom mentioned. The oral manifestations in Weaver syndrome are not yet well known. Future studies will be required to improve the subject matter.
Spatial Linkages and Export Processing Location in China
Authors: Ma Alyson C. , Van Assche Ari 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper provides empirical evidence that spatial linkages matter for the localisation of global value chain activities. Relying on processing trade data for Chinese provinces during the period 1997–2008, we investigate whether a Chinese province's proximity to international suppliers and international buyers within an industry chain affects its attractiveness as an export processing location. We find that the upstream and downstream spatial linkages both have a strong and independent explanatory power. We also explore what factors explain the influence of these spatial linkages.
Epigenetic and molecular signatures of cord blood CD34+ cells treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors
Authors: Gajzer D. , Ross J. , Winder L. , Navada S. , Zhang W. , Silverman L. , Chaurasia P. 
Published: June 2015

Background and ObjectivesEpigenetic modifications tightly regulate the gene expression and cellular function of haematopoietic stem cells. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) alter the gene expression profile of cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells by controlling the genes involved in chromatin modification, thereby influencing the self‐renewal, maintenance and expansion of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs).Materials and MethodsThe class I and II HDACIs, valproic acid and scriptaid, were utilized to expand CB‐CD34+ cells ex vivo. The gene profiling was performed on HSPC using Illumina microarray, GeneGO MetaCore™ and Ingenuity pathway analyses. The molecular analyses were performed using Q‐PCR and Western blotting.ResultsEach HDACI treatment of CB‐CD34+ cells created unique epigenetic and molecular signatures that governed chromatin modification required for cellular and functional behaviour of stem cells. GeneGO MetaCore™ and Ingenuity pathway analyses established the molecular understanding of epigenetically regulated HSPCs in the presence of scriptaid and VPA that revealed different network(s) of potential regulators during erythropoiesis. VPA induced transcriptional activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) and an increase in the intracellular signalling of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) required during stress erythropoiesis. Canonical Wnt signalling and many epigenetically regulated chromatin remodellers were significantly influenced so as to establish maintenance and regulation of HSPC.ConclusionTreatment with Individual HDACIs has demonstrated significantly unique epigenetic and molecular signatures of CB‐HSPC. This study identifies potential key regulators of HSPC and gives insights into the clinically important processes of HSPC expansion and haematopoietic lineage development for transplantation purposes.