bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding least fuel emission paths in a network with time‐varying speeds
Authors: Qian Jiani , Eglese Richard 
Published: October 2013

Abstract–This article considers the problem of finding a route and schedule for a vehicle starting from a depot, visiting a set of customers, and returning to the depot, in a time‐dependent network where the objective is to minimize the greenhouse gas emissions. In this formulation, the speeds of the vehicle as well as the routes chosen are decision variables subject to limits determined by the level of congestion on the roads at the time. Two methods are proposed to find the optimal strategy for a single route. One is a time‐increment‐based dynamic programming method, and the other is a new heuristic approach. In addition, a case study is carried out, which compares the performances of these methods, as well as the least polluting routes with the shortest time routes between two customer nodes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 63(1), 96–106 2014
Solving the close‐enough arc routing problem
Authors: Hà Minh Hoàng , Bostel Nathalie , Langevin André , Rousseau Louis‐Martin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe close‐enough arc routing problem has an interesting real‐life application to routing for meter reading. In this article, we propose a new mathematical formulation for this problem. We analyze our formulation and compare it with two formulations in the literature. We also develop branch‐and‐cut algorithms to solve the problem to optimality. We present computational results for instances based on three types of graphs: directed, undirected, and mixed. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 63(1),
107–118 2014
Forty years of periodic vehicle routing
Authors: Campbell Ann Melissa , Wilson Jill Hardin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe periodic vehicle routing problem (PVRP) first appeared in 1974 in a paper about garbage collection (Beltrami and Bodin, Networks 4 (1974), 65–74). The wide applicability and versatility of the problem has led to a vast body of literature addressing both novel applications and solution methods. This article discusses the wide array of circumstances and settings in which the PVRP has been applied and describes the development of solution methods, both exact and heuristic, for the PVRP. As with many core research problems, many variants have been proposed. We will describe additional problem variants and extensions, as well as discuss the future of research for the PVRP. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 63(1), 2–15 2014
The dispatching problem on multitrack territories: Heuristic approaches based on mixed integer linear programming
Authors: Boccia Maurizio , Mannino Carlo , Vasilyev Igor 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTrains running through railway lines often accumulate some delay. When this happens, rescheduling and rerouting decisions must be quickly taken in real time. Despite the fact that even a single wrong decision may deteriorate the performance of the whole railway network, this complex optimization task is still basically performed by human operators. In very recent years, the interest of train operators to implement automated decision systems has grown. Not incidentally, the railway application section (RAS) of INFORMS has issued a challenge devoted to this problem concomitantly with the INFORMS Annual Meeting 2012. In this article, we describe two heuristic approaches to solve the RAS problem based on a mixed integer linear programming formulation, and we report computational results on the three RAS instances and on an additional set of instances defined on a more congested network. Computational results on the challenge test bed show that our algorithms positively compare with other approaches to the RAS problem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 62(4), 315–326 2013
Incomplete service and split deliveries in a routing problem with profits
Authors: Archetti Claudia , Bianchessi Nicola , Speranza M. Grazia , Hertz Alain 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this article, we study a variant of the capacitated team orienteering problem, that is the problem where a fleet of vehicles, each with a constraint on the time available, is given to serve profitable customers with the objective of maximizing the collected profit. We study the variant where customers may be only partially served (incomplete service) and, if beneficial, also by more than one vehicle (split deliveries). We will analyze the maximum theoretical increase of the profit due to the incomplete service and to the split deliveries. We also computationally measure such increase on a set of instances, by means of an exact algorithm on small/medium size instances and of two heuristics on instances of larger size. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 63(2), 135–145 2014
How to use published complete case results from weight loss studies in a missing data sensitivity analysis
Authors: Cresswell Lynne , Mander Adrian P. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveIn randomized controlled trials of weight loss interventions, high dropout rates are a problem resulting in a large amount of missing outcome data. It is common for participants with missing data to be excluded from analysis (complete‐case analysis). The aim of this article is to demonstrate how published complete‐case results can be used to explore how study results would change depending on assumptions about dropout weight loss.MethodsThe methods are based on three extensions to a method for obtaining baseline observation carried forward (BOCF) results from complete‐case results. The first extension is a generalization to any dropout weight loss. Second, to show that it is not necessary to assume that dropout weight loss is the same in each treatment arm. Third, to show that variation in dropout weight loss can be incorporated. Using these extensions, sensitivity analyses to the missing data can be conducted via the use of plots.ResultsThe methods are demonstrated using two examples of published results from studies of weight loss interventions. It is also shown how the BOCF method could be useful to meta‐analysts.ConclusionBy using simple plots, readers can explore how different assumptions about dropout weight loss affect the results of published weight loss trials.
Obesity bias in training: Attitudes, beliefs, and observations among advanced trainees in professional health disciplines
Authors: Puhl Rebecca M. , Luedicke Joerg , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThis study examined weight bias among students training in health disciplines and its associations with their perceptions about treating patients with obesity, causes of obesity, and observations of weight bias by instructors and peers.MethodsStudents (N = 107) enrolled in a post‐graduate health discipline (Physician Associate, Clinical Psychology, Psychiatric Residency) completed anonymous questionnaires to assess the above variables.ResultsStudents reported that patients with obesity are a common target of negative attitudes and derogatory humor by peers (63%), health‐care providers (65%), and instructors (40%). Although 80% of students felt confident to treat obesity, many reported that patients with obesity lack motivation to make changes (33%), lead to feelings of frustration (36%), and are non‐compliant with treatment (36%). Students with higher weight bias expressed greater frustration in these areas. The effect of students' weight bias on expectations for treatment compliance of patients with obesity was partially mediated by beliefs that obesity is caused by behavioral factors.ConclusionsWeight bias is commonly observed by students in health disciplines, who themselves report frustrations and stereotypes about treating patients with obesity. These findings contribute new knowledge about weight bias among students and provide several targets for medical training and education.
Lower NLRP3 inflammasome activity in NAG‐1 transgenic mice is linked to a resistance to obesity and increased insulin sensitivity
Authors: Wang Xingya , Chrysovergis Kali , Kosak Justin , Eling Thomas E. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThe NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important regulatory role in obesity‐induced insulin resistance. NSAID activated gene‐1 (NAG‐1) is a divergent member of the TGF‐β superfamily. NAG‐1 Tg mice are resistant to dietary‐ and genetic‐induced obesity and have improved insulin sensitivity. The objective was to examine whether NLRP3 inflammasome activity is associated with this observed phenotype in NAG‐1 Tg mice.MethodsKey components of the NLRP3 inflammasome were examined in NAG‐1 Tg mice on both regular and high fat diet (HFD) conditions.ResultsThe expression of caspase‐1 and ASC, key components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, is significantly reduced at mRNA and protein levels in white adipose tissue (WAT) of NAG‐1 Tg mice. HFD increases the expression of caspase‐1 and ASC in WT mice, but their expression is reduced in NAG‐1 Tg mice. Furthermore, there is reduced IL‐18, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α expression in the WAT of NAG‐1 Tg mice. NAG‐1 Tg mice have significantly lower serum leptin and insulin levels and reduced expression of macrophage infiltration markers (F4/80, CD11b, and CD11c) in WAT.ConclusionsThe study suggests the lower NLRP3 inflammasome activity may play a role in the resistance of NAG‐1 Tg mice to diet‐induced obesity and improved insulin sensitivity.
Associations of maternal pre‐pregnancy and gestational body size with offspring longitudinal change in BMI
Authors: Lawrence Gabriella M. , Shulman Shani , Friedlander Yechiel , Sitlani Colleen M. , Burger Ayala , Savitsky Bella , Granot‐Hershkovitz Einat , Lumley Thomas , Kwok Pui‐Yan , Hesselson Stephanie , Enquobahrie Daniel , Wander Pandora L. , Manor Orly , Siscovick David S. , Hochner Hagit 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesStudies demonstrate associations between changes in obesity‐related phenotypes and cardiovascular risk. Although maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI (mppBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) may be associated with adult offspring adiposity, no study has examined associations with obesity changes. Associations of mppBMI and GWG with longitudinal change in offspring's BMI (ΔBMI) were examined, and whether associations are explained by offspring genetics was assessed.MethodsA birth cohort of 1400 adults, with data at birth, age 17 and 32 years was used. After genotyping offspring, genetic scores, predictive of exposures and outcome were created, and linear regression models with and without scores were fit to examine the associations of mppBMI and GWG with ΔBMI.ResultsA one SD change in mppBMI and GWG was associated with a 0.83 and a 0.75 kg/m² increase in ΔBMI, respectively. The association between mppBMI and offspring ΔBMI was slightly attenuated (12%) with the addition of genetic scores. In the GWG model, a significant substantial 28.2% decrease in the coefficient was observed.ConclusionsThis study points to an association between maternal excess weight in pregnancy and offspring BMI change from adolescence to adulthood. Genetic factors may account, in part, for GWG/ΔBMI association. These findings broaden observations that maternal obesity‐related phenotypes have long‐term consequences for offspring health.
CCDC3 is specifically upregulated in omental adipose tissue in subjects with abdominal obesity
Authors: Ugi Satoshi , Maeda Shiro , Kawamura Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Masa‐aki , Imamura Minako , Yoshizaki Takeshi , Morino Katsutaro , Sekine Osamu , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Tani Toru , Rokushima Masatomo , Kashiwagi Atsunori , Maegawa Hiroshi 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to search for novel markers of visceral adiposity.MethodsVisceral (omental) and subcutaneous adipose tissues were obtained from 43 Japanese men. Microarray analysis using total RNA from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues obtained from five men with abdominal obesity and five nonobese men was first conducted. Then the expression pattern of candidate genes identified in the human study in mouse models of adiposity was examined.ResultsAmong 30,500 genes evaluated, the mRNA expression of CCDC3 (encoding coiled‐coil domain‐containing protein 3) was upregulated in omental adipose tissues from abdominally obese subjects (3.07‐fold) but not in subcutaneous adipose tissues (0.89‐fold). Similar expression patterns were found in two distinct mouse models of obesity. In the analysis of all 43 men, CCDC3 mRNA levels in omental, but not in subcutaneous adipose tissue, were positively correlated with waist circumference and body mass index. CCDC3 was predicted to be a secretory protein, which was confirmed by western blotting, as overexpressed CCDC3 was secreted into the culture media.ConclusionsThe expression of CCDC3 is specifically increased in visceral adipose tissues in abdominally obese subjects. These results suggest that CCDC3 is a potential biomarker for estimating visceral adiposity.
Extended LMI representatives for stability and stabilization of discrete‐time Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy systems
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liu Mingxi , Shi Yang , Sheng Jie 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we study the stability conditions and stabilization problem of Takagi‐Sugeno systems under the discrete‐time framework. By introducing slack matrices, we obtain extended stability condition in an LMI form. Both parallel distributed compensation (PDC) control law, and non‐PDC control law are studied. Finally, we give an example to compare our results with other methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New results on dynamic output feedback control for Markovian jump systems with time‐varying delay and defective mode information
Authors: Wei Yanling , Qiu Jianbin , Karimi Hamid Reza , Wang Mao 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the problem of delay‐dependent dynamic output feedback control for a class of discrete‐time Markovian jump linear systems (MJLSs). The systems under consideration are subject to time‐varying delay and defective mode information. The defective transition probabilities comprise of three types: exactly known, uncertain, and unknown. By employing a two‐term approximation for the time‐varying delay, the original MJLSs can be equivalently converted into a feedback interconnection form, which contains a forward subsystem with constant time‐delays and a feedback one with norm‐bounded uncertainties. Then, based on the scaled small‐gain theorem, the problem is therefore recast as an control problem in the face of uncertainties via an input–output framework. It is shown that the explicit expressions of the desired controller gains can be characterized in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities via some linearization techniques. Simulation studies are performed to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservatism of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Earnings Disregards on the Behavior of Low‐Income Families
Authors: Matsudaira Jordan D. , Blank Rebecca M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of changes in earnings disregards for welfare assistance received by single mothers following welfare reform in 1996. Some states adopted much higher earnings disregards (women could work full‐time and still receive substantial welfare benefits), while other states did not. We explore the effect of these changes on women's labor supply and income using several data sources and multiple estimation strategies. Our results indicate these changes had little effect on labor supply or income. We show this is because surprisingly few women used the earnings disregards. We discuss several explanations for why this might occur.
The genetic complexity of common cancers and the promise of personalized medicine: is there any hope?
Authors: Arnedos Monica , Vielh Philippe , Soria Jean‐Charles , Andre Fabrice 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMolecular characterization of frequent cancers has shown that these entities actually include a very large number of rare genomic diseases. The progression of each of these rare diseases is being driven by specific genomic alterations, leading to abnormal proteins that can be targeted. Based on this observation, several personalized medicine programmes have been launched. They consist in profiling the tumour samples from each patient, identifying key oncogenic drivers, and treating the patient accordingly. Several preliminary data suggest that this approach is feasible and could lead to anti‐tumour effects that are currently modest. Several reasons could explain why personalized medicine programmes only report modest activity to targeted agents. First, the identification of key oncogenic drivers among several genomic alterations can be challenging. Second, the intratumour heterogeneity could lead to the emergence of resistant clones. Finally, several genomic alterations could contribute to cancer progression. These observations are leading to the second generation of personalized medicine trials, where targeted therapies are combined with each other and with immunotherapeutics, and where patients are selected to present a tumour with a low level of genetic instability. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dendritic cells in IBD pathogenesis: an area of therapeutic opportunity?
Authors: Bates Jennifer , Diehl Lauri 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDysfunction of the mucosal immune system plays an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Dendritic cells are emerging as central players based on both our increasing understanding of how genetic susceptibility impacts the mucosal immune system and the key role of dendritic cells in regulating response to gut microflora. We discuss areas of therapeutic opportunity in this evolving landscape. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Somatic alterations as the basis for resistance to targeted therapies
Authors: Blair Brian G , Bardelli Alberto , Park Ben Ho 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRecent advances in genetics and genomics have revealed new genes and pathways that are somatically altered in human malignancies. This wealth of knowledge has translated into molecularly defined targets for therapy over the past two decades, serving as key examples that translation of laboratory findings can have great impact on the ability to treat patients with cancer. However, given the genetic instability and heterogeneity that are characteristic of all human cancers, drug resistance to virtually all therapies has emerged, posing further and future challenges for clinical oncology. Here we review the history of targeted therapies, including examples of genetically defined cancer targets and their approved therapies. We also discuss resistance mechanisms that have been uncovered, with an emphasis on somatic genetic alterations that lead to these phenotypes. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and use of biomarkers in treatment strategies for triple‐negative breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Lehmann Brian D , Pietenpol Jennifer A 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with distinct molecular subtypes that respond differentially to chemotherapy and targeted agents. The absence of high‐frequency molecular alterations and a limited number of known biomarkers have limited the development of therapeutic strategies for the disease. Herein, we summarize the results of the first round of targeted therapy approaches in TNBC and discuss new preclinical strategies. Common themes emerge from the proposed strategies, such as the use of biomarkers to identify tumours with genomic instability, targeting adapted molecular states resulting from tumour suppressor loss, and targeting altered metabolic pathways. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the molecular classification of glioblastoma to inform personalized treatment
Authors: Olar Adriana , Aldape Kenneth D 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive diffuse glioma, associated with short survival and uniformly fatal outcome, irrespective of treatment. It is characterized by morphological, genetic and gene‐expression heterogeneity. The current standard of treatment is maximal surgical resection, followed by radiation, with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy. Due to the heterogeneity, most tumours develop resistance to treatment and shortly recur. Following recurrence, glioblastoma is quickly fatal in the majority of cases. Recent genetic molecular advances have contributed to a better understanding of glioblastoma pathophysiology and disease stratification. In this paper we review basic glioblastoma pathophysiology, with emphasis on clinically relevant genetic molecular alterations and potential targets for further drug development. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pathology in drug discovery and development
Authors: Jubb Adrian M , Koeppen Hartmut , Reis‐Filho Jorge S 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe rapid pace of drug discovery and drug development in oncology, immunology and ophthalmology brings new challenges; the efficient and effective development of new targeted drugs will require more detailed molecular classifications of histologically homogeneous diseases that show heterogeneous clinical outcomes. To this end, single companion diagnostics for specific drugs will be replaced by multiplex diagnostics for entire therapeutic areas, preserving tissue and enabling rapid molecular taxonomy. The field will move away from the development of new molecular entities as single agents, to which resistance is common. Instead, a detailed understanding of the pathological mechanisms of resistance, in patients and in preclinical models, will be key to the validation of scientifically rational and clinically effective drug combinations. To remain at the heart of disease diagnosis and appropriate management, pathologists must evolve into translational biologists and biomarker scientists. Herein, we provide examples of where this metamorphosis has already taken place, in lung cancer and melanoma, where the transformation has yet to begin, in the use of immunotherapies for ophthalmology and oncology, and where there is fertile soil for a revolution in treatment, in efforts to classify glioblastoma and personalize treatment. The challenges of disease heterogeneity, the regulatory environment and adequate tissue are ever present, but these too are being overcome in dedicated academic centres. In summary, the tools necessary to overcome the 'whens' and 'ifs' of the molecular revolution are in the hands of pathologists today; it is a matter of standardization, training and leadership to bring these into routine practice and translate science into patient benefit. This Annual Review Issue of the Journal of Pathology highlights the central role for pathology in modern drug discovery and development. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.