bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximum bite force following unilateral implant‐supported prosthetic treatment: within‐subject comparison to opposite dentate side
Authors: AL‐Omiri M. K. , Sghaireen M. G. , Alhijawi M. M. , Alzoubi I. A. , Lynch C. D. , Lynch E. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBite force is a significant component of chewing and masticatory function. The literature lacks studies that compare bite force values of implant‐supported fixed bridges to natural dentition within same subjects. The objective of the study was to assess maximum occlusal bite force (MBF) among patients with an implant‐supported fixed prosthesis and compare it to their opposite dentate side and also to determine the effect of gender, age and Body Mass Index (BMI) on maximum occlusal bite force. Forty patients (20 males and 20 females, mean age = 42·7 ± 9·6 years) with an implant‐supported fixed prosthetic rehabilitation on one side and dentate on the other side were recruited into this study. Participants' MBF were measured bilaterally at the first molar region using a digital hydraulic occlusal force gauge (GM10). The measurements were repeated three times (with 45 s intervals between times) for each side, and the highest value of the bite force (MBF) was recorded for each side. The mean MBF was 577·9 N at the implant‐supported prosthesis side and 595·1 N at the dentate side. The average MBF was higher at the dentulous side (P < 0·05). Maximum occlusal bite force was higher in males and participants with higher weight and height. However, BMI was not significantly related to MBF values. Maximum occlusal bite force values at the dentate side were slightly (3%) but significantly higher than MBF at implant‐supported prosthesis side. Males, taller patients and patients with higher weights had higher MBF values. Body mass index was not significantly related to MBF values.
Privacy and Freedom: An Economic (Re‐)Evaluation of Privacy
Authors: van Aaken Dominik , Ostermaier Andreas , Picot Arnold 
Published: April 2014

SummaryDeparting from the mostly skeptical view of privacy encountered in economics, we re‐evaluate privacy from the perspective of economic liberalism. We argue that freedom is fundamental to economics and conceive privacy as a specific form of freedom. We then apply the principle that freedom cannot be ‘self‐defeating’ (no one is free not to be free) to privacy. This principle requires that restrictions of freedom and, by extension, privacy be revocable. We thus develop a novel concept of privacy, which leads us to evaluate privacy favorably, and apply the revocability requirement to identify unacceptable restrictions of privacy.
Conceptualising Work in Economics: Negating a Disutility
Authors: Spencer David A. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis paper starts from the premise that economics has offered a one‐sided conception of work. Standard economic theory, specifically, has defined work as a means to income and consumption; it has failed to grasp the importance of work as an end in its own right. The aim of the paper is to develop an alternative conception of work that captures the formative impacts of work on the well‐being of workers. The paper firstly outlines and criticises the different definitions of the disutility of work found in economics. It then offers a critical assessment of happiness research on work. The idea that the effects of work on worker well‐being can be captured by job satisfaction data and that the importance of work can be reduced to a subjective feeling in the heads of individual workers – two key aspects of happiness research – are challenged. The final part of the paper develops novel ideas about how the economics of work should progress in the future. The section proposes a needs‐based conception of work and then uses this conception to make the case for collective intervention aimed at enhancing the quality of work life.
The contribution of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction to childhood undernutrition in Tanzania
Authors: Sania Ayesha , Spiegelman Donna , Rich‐Edwards Janet , Hertzmark Ellen , Mwiru Ramadhani S. , Kisenge Rodrick , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectives were to examine the growth patterns of preterm and growth‐restricted infants and to evaluate the associations of prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with risk of stunting, wasting and underweight. Data from a cohort of HIV‐negative pregnant women–infant pairs were collected prospectively in Tanzania. Small for gestational age [SGA, birthweight (BW) <10th percentile] was used as proxy for IUGR. Anthropometry was measured monthly until 18 months. Length‐for‐age (LAZ), weight‐for‐length (WLZ), and weight‐for‐age (WAZ) z‐scores were calculated using the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards. Stunting, wasting and underweight were defined as binary outcomes using a cut‐off of <−2 SD of the respective z‐scores. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the associations between preterm and SGA to time to stunting, wasting and underweight. The study included 6664 singletons. Preterm and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants had slightly better nutritional status than term‐SGA infants and despite some catch‐up growth, preterm‐SGA infants had the poorest nutritional status. The gap in LAZ and WAZ z‐scores among the groups remained similar throughout the follow‐up. Compared with term‐AGA babies, relative risk (RR) of stunting among preterm‐AGA babies was 2.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93–2.36), RR among term‐SGA was 2.21 (95% CI 2.02–2.41) and the highest risk was among the babies who were both preterm and SGA (RR = 7.58, 95% CI 5.41–10.64). Similar magnitude of RR of underweight was observed among the three groups. Preterm and SGA infants should be closely monitored for growth failure. Intervention to reduce preterm and SGA birth may lower risk of undernutrition in resource‐limited settings.
Breastfeeding attenuates the effect of low birthweight on abdominal adiposity in adolescents: the HELENA study
Authors: Labayen Idoia , Ortega Francisco B , Ruiz Jonatan R , Rodriguez Gerardo , Jiménez‐Pavón David , España‐Romero Vanesa , Widhalm Kurt , Gottrand Frédéric , Moreno Luis A 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine whether breastfeeding may reduce the programming effect of birthweight on abdominal adiposity. Abdominal (in three regions: R1, R2 and R3) adiposity was measured by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry in 314 adolescents. Breastfeeding duration, birthweight, duration of gestation and maternal educational level were obtained from questionnaire. Physical activity was objectively measured. We detected significant interactions between breastfeeding and birthweight on abdominal adiposity (Ps = 0.02–0.07). We observed that birthweight was associated with abdominal adiposity in the group who had never been breastfed (β = −0.19 to −0.23; Ps < 0.05), while no association was found in adolescents who had breastfeeding for ≥3 months (β = −0.03 to −0.07). The results were independent of duration of gestation, age, sex, maternal educational level and physical activity. Breastfeeding may reduce the adverse influence conferred by low birthweight on abdominal adiposity in adolescents.
CRP represses the CRISPR/Cas system in Escherichia coli: evidence that endogenous CRISPR spacers impede phage P1 replication
Authors: Yang Chi‐Dung , Chen Yen‐Hua , Huang Hsi‐Yuan , Huang Hsien‐Da , Tseng Ching‐Ping 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe CRISPR/Cas system is an important aspect in bacterial immunology. The anti‐phage activity of the CRISPR system has been established using synthetic CRISPR spacers, but in vivo studies of endogenous CRISPR spacers are relatively scarce. Here, we showed that bacteriophage P1 titre in Escherichia coli decreased in the glucose‐containing medium compared with that in the absence of glucose. This glucose effect of E. coli against phage P1 infection disappeared in cse3 deletion mutants. The effect on the susceptibility to phage P1 was associated with cAMP receptor protein (CRP)‐mediated repression of cas genes transcription and crRNA maturation. Analysis of the regulatory element in the cse1 promoter region revealed a novel CRP binding site, which overlapped with a LeuO binding site. Furthermore, the limited sequence identity between endogenous spacers and the phage P1 genome was necessary and sufficient for CRISPR‐mediated repression of phage P1 replication. Trans‐expression of the third and seventh spacers in the CRISPR I region or third and sixth spacers in the CRISPR II region effectively reduced phage P1 titres in the CRISPR deletion mutants. These results demonstrate a novel regulatory mechanism for cas repression by CRP and provide evidence that endogenous spacers can repress phage P1 replication in E. coli.
In vivo assessment by Mach–Zehnder double‐beam interferometry of the invasive force exerted by the Asian soybean rust fungus (Phakopsora pachyrhizi)
Authors: Loehrer Marco , Botterweck Jens , Jahnke Joachim , Mahlmann Daniel M. , Gaetgens Jochem , Oldiges Marco , Horbach Ralf , Deising Holger , Schaffrath Ulrich 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) causes a devastating disease in soybean (Glycine max). We tested the hypothesis that the fungus generates high turgor pressure in its hyaline appressoria to mechanically pierce epidermal cells.

Turgor pressure was determined by a microscopic technique, called transmitted light double‐beam interference Mach–Zehnder microscopy (MZM), which was developed in the 1960s as a forefront of live cell imaging. We revitalized some original microscopes and equipped them for modern image capturing. MZM data were corroborated by cytorrhysis experiments.

Incipient cytorrhysis determined the turgor pressure in appressoria of P. pachyrhizi to be equivalent to 5.13 MPa. MZM data revealed that osmotically active sugar alcohols only accounted for 75% of this value. Despite having a lower turgor pressure, hyaline rust appressoria were able to penetrate non‐biodegradable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes more efficiently than do melanized appressoria of the anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola or the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

Our findings challenge the hypotheses that force‐based penetration is a specific hallmark of fungi differentiating melanized appressoria and that this turgor‐driven process is solely caused by metabolic degradation products. The appressorial turgor pressure may explain the capability of P. pachyrhizi to forcefully invade a wide range of different plants and may pave the way to novel plant protection approaches.
Plant litter chemistry and microbial priming regulate the accrual, composition and stability of soil carbon in invaded ecosystems
Authors: Tamura Mioko , Tharayil Nishanth 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Soil carbon (C) sequestration, as an ecosystem property, may be strongly influenced by invasive plants capable of depositing disproportionately high quantities of chemically distinct litter that disrupt ecosystem processes. However, a mechanistic understanding of the processes that regulate soil C storage in invaded ecosystems remains surprisingly elusive.

Here, we studied the impact of the invasion of two noxious nonnative species, Polygonum cuspidatum, which produces recalcitrant litter, and Pueraria lobata, which produces labile litter, on the quantity, molecular composition, and stability of C in the soils they invade.

Compared with an adjacent noninvaded old‐field, P. cuspidatum‐invaded soils exhibited a 26% increase in C, partially through selective preservation of plant polymers. Despite receiving a 22% higher litter input, P. lobata‐invaded Pinus stands exhibited a 28% decrease in soil C and a twofold decrease in plant biomarkers, indicating microbial priming of native soil C. The stability of C exhibited an opposite trend: the proportion of C that was resistant to oxidation was 21% lower in P. cuspidatum‐invaded soils and 50% higher in P. lobata‐invaded soils.

Our results highlight the capacity of invasive plants to feed back to climate change by destabilizing native soil C stocks and indicate that environments that promote the biochemical decomposition of plant litter would enhance the long‐term storage of soil C. Further, our study highlights the concurrent influence of dominant plant species on both selective preservation and humification of soil organic matter.
Epac1 increases migration of endothelial cells and melanoma cells via FGF2‐mediated paracrine signaling
Authors: Baljinnyam Erdene , Umemura Masanari , Chuang Christine , De Lorenzo Mariana S. , Iwatsubo Mizuka , Chen Suzie , Goydos James S. , Ishikawa Yoshihiro , Whitelock John M. , Iwatsubo Kousaku 
Published: April 2014

SummaryFibroblast growth factor (FGF2) regulates endothelial and melanoma cell migration. The binding of FGF2 to its receptor requires N‐sulfated heparan sulfate (HS) glycosamine. We have previously reported that Epac1, an exchange protein activated by cAMP, increases N‐sulfation of HS in melanoma. Therefore, we examined whether Epac1 regulates FGF2‐mediated cell–cell communication. Conditioned medium (CM) of melanoma cells with abundant expression of Epac1 increased migration of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) and melanoma cells with poor expression of Epac1. CM‐induced increase in migration was inhibited by antagonizing FGF2, by the removal of HS and by the knockdown of Epac1. In addition, knockdown of Epac1 suppressed the binding of FGF2 to FGF receptor in HUVEC, and in vivo angiogenesis in melanoma. Furthermore, knockdown of Epac1 reduced N‐sulfation of HS chains attached to perlecan, a major secreted type of HS proteoglycan that mediates the binding of FGF2 to FGF receptor. These data suggested that Epac1 in melanoma cells regulates melanoma progression via the HS–FGF2‐mediated cell–cell communication.
Relationship status moderates avoidant attachment differences in positive emotion decoding accuracy
Authors: KAFETSIOS KONSTANTINOS , ANDRIOPOULOS PANORAIA , PAPACHIOU ASPASIA 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe investigated attachment differences in the perception of facial emotion expressions. Participants completed a dimensional assessment of adult attachment and recognition accuracy tasks for positive and negative facial emotion expressions. Consistently, avoidant participants who were in romantic relationships, in comparison to singles, had lower decoding accuracy for facial expressions of positive emotions. The results were in line with the hypothesis that being in relationship functions as a naturalistic prime of avoidant persons' defensive tendency to ignore affiliative signals, facial expressions of positive emotion in this instance. The results inform emerging research on attachment and emotion perception by highlighting the role of perceivers' motivated social cognitions.
Ethno‐religious Fundamentalism and Theo‐ethnocratic Politics in Israel
Authors: Leon Nissim 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article addresses the transition of a fundamentalist confrontational religious ideology into an assertive, religio‐nationalist ideology by the case of the ethno‐Ultra‐Orthodox (haredi) Shas party in Israel. Alongside the haredi proclivity towards insularity, we also detect, in recent decades, two new trends within the haredi mainstream. First, we see increasing numbers of haredim (Ultra‐Orthodox Jews) integrating into different frameworks that are situated outside of the haredi enclave: the job market, the army, welfare and charity organizations, and more. A second trend, which I will elaborate upon here, is a fundamentalist religious interpretation of elements of Israeli national identity. This trend seeks to view Jewish law, in its orthodox interpretation, as a source for the conservation and maintenance of Jewish identity in Israel: firstly, through the turning of haredism into a dominant factor in the religio‐communal arena in Israel; and secondly, through assuming responsibility for demarcating the boundaries of the Jewish collective.
ANewfoundland Ethnicity? The Political Implications of Post‐Confederation Nationalism inNewfoundland
Authors: Baker James 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEthnicity is very much at the core of the individual and has been known to constitute the basis of nationalisms. Loosely speaking, an ethnic group refers to those who identify with one another through a number of shared characteristics (e.g. culture, language, or religion). Based on this, scholars would agree that most Quebeckers meet the criteria – but what about Newfoundlanders? Does calling oneself a ‘Newfoundlander’ invoke a specific set of linguistic or cultural features that are held to be common? Are Newfoundlanders an ethnic group? If a ‘Newfoundland ethnicity’ exists, could a ‘Newfoundland ethnic identity’ lead to a post‐ConfederationNewfoundland nationalism? In order to address these questions, I use a modified version of what Anthony D. Smith (1986) says constitutes the core of national identity, theethnie, and, to place the analysis in context, I briefly discuss nationalism and ethnicity. Following this, I provide an overview of the origins of aNewfoundland ethnogenesis, a review of key post‐ConfederationNewfoundland ‘nationalist’ events, as well as an analysis of each aspect ofethniefrom aNewfoundland perspective. The article concludes by arguing that while Newfoundlanders can be considered a distinct ethnic group, the likelihood of a post‐ConfederationNewfoundland nationalism emerging is low.
The Status Quo and Development of Mathematics Education for Ethnic Minorities in China
Authors: Peng Aihui , Song Naiqing 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article addresses how mathematics education in the People's Republic of China, a unified and multinational country, is implemented to cope with the challenges of cultural diversity. The article begins with a general overview of ethnic minority education, and then attempts to articulate the various mathematical cultural practices in ethnic minority groups. The article then examines the reform, exploration, and development of mathematics education for ethnic minority groups, including curricula, teacher education, and studies in mathematics education. Finally, the authors propose a new starting point for further implementation of cultural diversity in mathematics education.
Can Neg Explain the Spatial Distribution of Wages of Chile?
Authors: Paredes Dusan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe new economic geography (NEG) has been tested to explain the spatial concentration of wages in developed countries, but it has not been evaluated for developing countries where the excessive spatial concentration seems to be related with negative consequences on the economic development. This paper covers this gap in the literature estimating by first time a NEG model for a developing country such as Chile, pursuing two research question: (1) Can the NEG explain the spatial distribution of wages in a developing country as Chile?; and (2) How can the NEG be used to infer information about the future level of spatial concentration of wages in Chile? The results suggest that the case of Chile is poorly explained by the NEG and even higher level of spatial concentration should be expected in the future. These results indicate that the empirical application of NEG is not trivial for developing countries, and some considerations such as inclusion of the first nature or analysis at micro data level must be incorporated by future researches.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium
Sphingobium
sp. Strain Ant17, Isolated from Antarctic Soil
Authors: Adriaenssens Evelien M. , Guerrero Leandro D. , Makhalanyane Thulani P. , Aislabie Jackie M. , Cowan Don A. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Sphingobium
sp. strain Ant17, an aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium that was isolated from Antarctic oil-contaminated soil. An analysis of this genome can lead to insights into the mechanisms of xenobiotic degradation processes at low temperatures and potentially aid in bioremediation applications.
Unique Circovirus-Like Genome Detected in Pig Feces
Authors: Cheung Andrew K. , Ng Terry Fei-fan , Lager Kelly M. , Alt David P. , Delwart Eric L. , Pogranichniy Roman M. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Using a metagenomic approach and molecular cloning methods, we identified, cloned, and sequenced the complete genome of a novel circular DNA virus, porcine stool-associated virus (PoSCV4), from pig feces. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced replication initiator protein showed that PoSCV4 is most related to a fur seal feces-associated circular DNA virus.
Draft Genome Sequence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus KT/Y21, a Sequence Type 772 (ST772) Strain Isolated from a Pediatric Blood Sample in Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Suhaili Zarizal , Lean Soo-Sum , Yahya Azifah , Mohd Desa Mohd Nasir , Ali Abdul Manaf , Yeo Chew Chieng 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTHere, we report the draft genome sequence of a methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strain, KT/Y21, isolated from a blood sample of a pediatric patient. This strain belongs to sequence type 772 (ST772), harbors the staphylococcal cassette chromosomemecelement (SCCmec) type V, and is positive for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) pathogenic determinant.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Growth-Promoting Endophyte
Paenibacillus
sp. P22, Isolated from
Populus
Authors: Hanak Anne M. , Nagler Matthias , Weinmaier Thomas , Sun Xiaoliang , Fragner Lena , Schwab Clarissa , Rattei Thomas , Ulrich Kristina , Ewald Dietrich , Engel Marion , Schloter Michael , Bittner Romana , Schleper Christa , Weckwerth Wolfram 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Paenibacillus
sp. P22 is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic endospore-forming bacterium isolated from poplar hybrid 741 (♀[
Populus alba
× (
P. davidiana
+
P. simonii
) ×
P. tomentosa
]). This bacterium shows strong similarities to
Paenibacillus humicus
, and important growth-promoting effects on
in vitro
grown explants of poplar hybrid 741 have been described.
Draft Genome Sequences of Six Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Dairy Products from a Processing Plant in Southern Italy
Authors: Chiara Matteo , D'Erchia Anna Maria , Manzari Caterina , Minotto Alice , Montagna Cosimo , Addante Nicoletta , Santagada Gianfranco , Latorre Laura , Pesole Graziano , Horner David S. , Parisi Antonio 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Here we announce the draft genome sequences of 6
Listeria monocytogenes
strains from ricotta cheese produced in a dairy processing plant located in southern Italy and potentially involved in a multistate outbreak of listeriosis in the United States.
Draft Genome Sequences of the Altered Schaedler Flora, a Defined Bacterial Community from Gnotobiotic Mice
Authors: Wannemuehler Michael J. , Overstreet Ann-Marie , Ward Doyle V. , Phillips Gregory J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
The altered Schaedler flora (ASF) is a bacterial community that supports normal growth and development of gnotobiotic mice. We report here the draft genome sequences of the 8 bacteria that comprise the ASF.
Genome Sequence of the Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Namur Strain 05-2929, Lacking the
Salmonella
Atypical Fimbrial Operon
Authors: Barbau-Piednoir Elodie , Bertrand Sophie , Roosens Nancy H. , De Keersmaecker Sigrid C. J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

This paper announces the genome sequence and annotation of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Namur strain 05-2929.
S.
Namur is a new serovar (39:z4,z23:−) that was isolated from a patient with salmonellosis in 2005 in Namur, Belgium, and has been identified as lacking the
Salmonella
atypical fimbrial (
saf
) operon.