bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of beam oscillation on borated stainless steel electron beam welds
Authors: RajaKumar Guttikonda , Janaki Ram G. D. , Koteswara Rao S. R. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Borated stainless steels are used in nuclear power plants to control neutron criticality in reactors as control rods, shielding material, spent fuel storage racks and transportation casks. In this study, bead on plate welds were made using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and electron beam welding (EBW) processes. Electron beam welds made using beam oscillation technique exhibited higher tensile strength values compared to that of GTA welds. Electron beam welds were found to show fine dendritic microstructure while GTA welds exhibited larger dendrites. While both processes produced defect free welds, GTA welds are marked by partially melted zone (PMZ) where the hardness is low. EBW obviate the PMZ failure due to low heat input and in case of high heat input GTA welding process failure occurs in the PMZ.
Three dimensional stress analysis of adhesively bonded and multi pinned metal matrix composite plates
Authors: Sen Faruk , Köksal Hakan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this study, stress analyses have been performed for adhesively bonded and multi pinned metal matrix composite plates. The joint can be defined as hybrid structure providing various aims such as increasing loading capacity, corrosion resistance between plates etc. The finite element method was used for determination of three dimensional stresses acting on the hybrid joint. It is designed of metal matrix composite plates with epoxy adhesive and four pins. Both, the modeling and solution processes have been carried out using the ANSYS software which is well-known as a reliable finite element program. Stresses have been assumed as a consequence of tensile loadings at 80, 120, 160, 200, 240 N and uniform temperatures at 55, 65, 75, 85, 95 °C. According to the obtained analysis results, thermal stresses were especially concentrated around the pin holes. Hence, it has to be anticipated that any failure of the hybrid joint may start from pin hole zone firstly. Furthermore, the magnitudes of stresses were increased by increasing both, the tensile loading and the uniform temperature.
Comparability of structured and flat reference specimens made of thin sheet metal
Authors: Kazak Fedor , Weiß Sabine 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The literature review reveals that the honeycomb-structured thin sheet metals are not adequately investigated with regard to their fatigue strength. A question that remains almost completely ignored in the process is the direct comparability of structured thin sheet metals with flat reference specimens. A thin sheet is not a classic specimen to determine the fatigue strength because of the known problem of the fracture mechanics. Structured thin sheet metals of deep-drawing steel DC04 with a thickness of 0.5 mm were examined. Flat specimens were used as reference material. The frequency analysis was used for comparison. Fundamental differences in the mechanical behavior between flat and structured sheets under cyclic load were observed. Whereas an extremely flat S-N curve in the low-cycle region with a high slope coefficient was observed for the smooth thin sheets, the structured specimens show a curve typical for notched specimens. Moreover, the smooth sheets have a specific cyclic hardening and/or softening behavior. The state of plane stress of a fine sheet in contrast to a multi-axial one for the structured sheet complicates the direct comparison. For this reason, such a comparison with respect to their fatigue strength in the Wohler diagram should only be considered with caution. This contribution is the second of a series of articles on this subject.
A novel procedure for failure criteria determination at solder joints under the board level drop test
Authors: Gu Jian , Lei Yongping , Lin Jian , Wen Guichen , Fu Hanguang 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Controlling and monitoring of dynamic responses are very important to ensure consistent test results and understand mechanical behaviors, as they are closely related to the solder joint failure mechanism. The failure of a solder joint during drop impact is induced by printed circuit board (PCB) bending. The failure criteria must be clear to determine the absolute impact life for direct comparison of drop test results. In this publication, a multi-channel real time electrical monitoring system is introduced, which can measure the dynamic voltage of daisy-chained solder joints in real-time during drop impact. A new failure criteria of board level drop test is developed, which takes the function of the component into account.
Pediatric hydrocephalus: systematic literature review and evidence-based guidelines. Part 4: Cerebrospinal fluid shunt or endoscopic third ventriculostomy for the treatment of hydrocephalus in children
Authors: Limbrick David D. , Baird Lissa C. , Klimo Paul , Riva-Cambrin Jay , Flannery Ann Marie 
Published: May 2015

Object
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the existing literature comparing CSF shunts and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus and to make evidence-based recommendations regarding the selection of surgical technique for this condition.

Methods
Both the US National Library of Medicine and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried using MeSH headings and key words specifically chosen to identify published articles detailing the use of CSF shunts and ETV for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus. Articles meeting specific criteria that had been determined a priori were examined, and data were abstracted and compiled in evidentiary tables. These data were then analyzed by the Pediatric Hydrocephalus Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines Task Force to consider treatment recommendations based on the evidence.

Results
Of the 122 articles identified using optimized search parameters, 52 were recalled for full-text review. One additional article, originally not retrieved in the search, was also reviewed. Fourteen articles met all study criteria and contained comparative data on CSF shunts and ETV. In total, 6 articles (1 Class II and 5 Class III) were accepted for inclusion in the evidentiary table; 8 articles were excluded for various reasons. The tabulated evidence supported the evaluation of CSF shunts versus ETV.

Conclusions
Cerebrospinal fluid shunts and ETV demonstrated equivalent outcomes in the clinical etiologies studied.
Recommendation: Both CSF shunts and ETV are options in the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus. Strength of Recommendation: Level II, moderate clinical certainty.
Pediatric hydrocephalus: systematic literature review and evidence-based guidelines. Part 7: Antibiotic-impregnated shunt systems versus conventional shunts in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Klimo Paul , Thompson Clinton J. , Baird Lissa C. , Flannery Ann Marie 
Published: May 2015

Object
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to answer the following question: Are antibiotic-impregnated shunts (AISs) superior to standard shunts (SSs) at reducing the risk of shunt infection in pediatric patients with hydrocephalus?

Methods
Both the US National Library of Medicine PubMed/MEDLINE database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried using MeSH headings and key words relevant to AIS use in children. Abstracts were reviewed, after which studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. An evidentiary table was assembled summarizing the studies and the quality of their evidence (Classes I–III). A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model to calculate a cumulative estimate of treatment effect using risk ratio (RR). Heterogeneity was assessed using the chi-square and I2 statistics. Based on the quality of the literature and the result of the meta-analysis, a recommendation was rendered (Level I, II, or III).

Results
Six studies, all Class III, met our inclusion criteria. All but one study focused on a retrospective cohort and all but one were conducted at a single institution. Four of the studies failed to demonstrate a lowered infection rate with the use of an AIS. However, when the data from individual studies were pooled together, the infection rate in the AIS group was 5.5% compared with 8.6% in the SS group. Using a random-effects model, the cumulative RR was 0.51 (95% CI 0.29–0.89, p < 0.001), indicating that a shunt infection was 1.96 times more likely in patients who received an SS.

Conclusions
We recommend AIS tubing because of the associated lower risk of shunt infection compared to the use of conventional silicone hardware (quality of evidence: Class III; strength of recommendation: Level III).
Recommendation: Antibiotic-impregnated shunt (AIS) tubing may be associated with a lower risk of shunt infection compared with conventional silicone hardware and thus is an option for children who require placement of a shunt. Strength of Recommendation: Level III, unclear degree of clinical certainty.
Pediatric hydrocephalus: systematic literature review and evidence-based guidelines. Part 9: Effect of ventricular catheter entry point and position
Authors: Kemp Joanna , Flannery Ann Marie , Tamber Mandeep S. , Duhaime Ann-Christine 
Published: May 2015

Object
The objective of this guideline was to answer the following question: Do the entry point and position of the ventricular catheter have an effect on shunt function and survival?

Methods
Both the US National Library of Medicine/MEDLINE database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried using MeSH headings and key words specifically chosen to identify published articles detailing the use of CSF shunts for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus. Articles meeting specific criteria that had been delineated a priori were then examined, and data were abstracted and compiled in evidentiary tables.

Results
The search yielded 184 abstracts, which were screened for potential relevance to the clinical question of the effect of ventricular catheter entry site on shunt survival. An initial review of the abstracts identified 14 papers that met the inclusion criteria, and these were recalled for full-text review. After review of these articles, only 4 were noted to be relevant for an analysis of the impact of entry point on shunt survival; an additional paper was retrieved during the review of full-text articles and was included as evidence to support the recommendation. The evidence included 1 Class II paper and 4 Class III papers. An evidentiary table was created including the relevant articles.

Conclusion
Recommendation: There is insufficient evidence to recommend the occipital versus frontal point of entry for the ventricular catheter; therefore, both entry points are options for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus. Strength of Recommendation: Level III, unclear degree of clinical certainty.
WH Perkin, Patent AD 1856 No 1984: A Review on Authentic Mauveine and Related Compounds
Authors: Plater M. John 
Published: May 2015

John Plater graduated with First Class Honours from Loughborough University and then completed a PhD mentored by Charles W. Rees at Imperial College in London, working on an interface of organic and inorganic chemistry in the heterocyclic sulfur nitrogen group. After one year of postdoctoral research, mentored by W. Clark Still at Columbia University in New York, working on pre-organised polyether podands, he took up his post as a lecturer at Aberdeen University. A failed attempt to make pseudo-mauveine from 10 g of aniline led the author into an on-going 6-year research programme. Drawing inspiration from the collective work of many others, recent results cast doubt on Perkin's stated method for making authentic mauveine. Uncovering an improved route into synthetic derivatives of mauveine, which contain a 3-[(N-alkyl)aryl] substituent, has led by chance to a removable and traceless 3-(N-alkyl) protecting group, which alters the composition of mauveine to closely match that of the museum-archived samples. The possibility that W. H. Perkin or others exploited this method to make mauveine is considered.
Lowest effective 131I activity for thyroid remnant ablation of differentiated thyroid cancer patients
Authors: Moldovan A.-S. , Ruhlmann M. , Görges R. , Bockisch A. , Rosenbaum-Krumme S. , Jentzen W. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryAim: A theoretical dosimetry-based model was applied to estimate the lowest effective radioiodine activity for thyroid remnant ablation of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Patients, methods: The model is based on the distribution of the absorbed (radiation) dose per administered radioiodine activity and the absorbed dose threshold of 300 Gy for thyroid remnants, the level believed to destroy most thyroid remnants. For this purpose, 124I PET/CT images of 49 thyroid-ectomised patients were retrospectively analysed to measure the distribution of the (average) absorbed doses to thyroid remnant per administered 131I activity. The fraction of thyroid remnants that received at least 300 Gy was determined for standard activities between 0.37 and 5.55 GBq. The lower activity was considered to be equally effective to that obtained with higher activity if the (absolute) fraction difference was below 5%. Results: A total of 62 thyroid remnants were included. The medians and ranges (in parentheses) for the absorbed dose per unit 131I activity were 359 Gy/GBq (34 to 1825 Gy/ GBq). The fractions of thyroid remnants receiving more than 300 Gy at different therapy activities (within parentheses) were 60% (1.11 GBq), 76% (1.85 GBq), 79% (2.22 GBq), and 81–82% for activities between 2.59 and 3.70 GBq. The therapy activity of 1.11 GBq is considerably less effective than that of 1.85 or 2.22 GBq; therapy activities were equally effective in the range between 2.22 to 3.70 GBq. Conclusion: On the basis of the model and the patients' data included, the lowest effective therapy activity appears to be approximately 2.2 GBq to ablate thyroid remnants. The results of this study may help to guide the design of prospective clinical studies.
L’homosexualité dans la famille
Authors: Fassin Éric 
Published: May 2015

Aux États-Unis, les débats sur l’ouverture du mariage aux homosexuels se sont abondamment appuyés sur des recherches empiriques sur l’homoparentalité, initiées dès les débuts de l’épidémie du sida. En France, ce type de recherches n’a émergé qu’à la suite des débats sur le Pacs, et est resté très peu sollicité lorsqu’il s’agissait d’inquiéter ou de rassurer sur « l’intérêt des enfants ». Éric Fassin propose ici un retour sur l’évolution des problématiques de la recherche états-unienne. Il montre comment leur élargissement aux questions de genre, de classe, de race questionne les manières de faire famille. La « normalisation » éventuelle de l’homosexualité s’accompagne ainsi d’une « queerisation » de la famille.
Définition de deux systèmes dialectiques de reconnaissance présents au sein des organisations
Authors: Roche Alexis 
Published: May 2015

Les demandes de reconnaissance se développent ces dernières décennies dans les organisations au regard des efforts de plus en plus importants demandés aux salariés. Par ailleurs, les écarts de pratiques sont de plus en plus visibles entre les pays, entre les organisations et entre les individus. Le besoin d’une confirmation identitaire et l’appel à plus d’équité dans les pratiques deviennent des éléments déterminants de l’implication des salariés ainsi que de la stabilité de leur santé mentale et physique. La manière dont est gérée la reconnaissance semble donc impacter positivement ou négativement la performance socio-économique des organisations. Le concept de reconnaissance est un objet de recherche transdisciplinaire et transversal. Ce concept est émergent en sciences de gestion. De plus, les liens entre les concepts de reconnaissance et de performance sont peu explorés de manière globale et systémique. Nous nous intéressons dans cet article à l’identification des systèmes organisationnels de reconnaissance, caractérisés par des pratiques différentes, ainsi qu’à leurs effets sur différents items de la performance (efforts déployés par l’individu dans l’organisation, coopération, santé mentale et physique). Nous explorons, à travers deux recherches-interventions, les pratiques des individus qui caractérisent les systèmes de reconnaissance et nous développons le concept de « reconnaissance activatrice » c’est-à-dire les pratiques de reconnaissance stimulant la performance individuelle et collective des individus. Enfin, nous montrons en quoi les pratiques ancrées dans le système de reconnaissance réciproque sont plus efficaces pour une performance sociale et économique durable.
Non‐destructive assessment of hot mix asphalt compaction/density with a step‐frequency radar: case study on a newly paved road
Authors: Fauchard Cyrille , Beaucamp Bruno , Laguerre Laurent 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA Step‐Frequency Radar (SFR) is used for assessing the compaction of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) layers. The system is composed of a network analyser and an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna placed above the road surface. The measurements are carried out on a newly paved road in Cagny (Normandy, France). The SFR system provides the permittivity of the first overlay. The data is corrected from vehicle vibrations and calibrated at fixed locations. Then, the HMA compaction is deduced with a Lichtenecker–Rother (LR) model. The results are compared with standard tests (gamma bench testing on cores and in‐place nuclear gauge). We show that the SFR system allows the nondestructive assessment of HMA overlay with a high density of points and with accuracy close to the compaction provided by standard tests.
Treatment with Recombinant Trichinella spiralis Cathepsin B–like Protein Ameliorates Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice by Promoting a Switch from M1 to M2 Macrophages
Authors: Liu Wei-Feng , Wen Shi-Hong , Zhan Jian-Hua , Li Yun-Sheng , Shen Jian-Tong , Yang Wen-Jing , Zhou Xing-Wang , Liu Ke-Xuan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, in which macrophages play a key role, can cause high morbidity and mortality. The switch from classically (M1) to alternatively (M2) activated macrophages, which is dependent on the activation of STAT6 signaling, has been shown to protect organs from I/R injuries. In the current study, the effects of recombinant Trichinella spiralis cathepsin B–like protein (rTsCPB) on intestinal I/R injury and the potential mechanism related to macrophage phenotypes switch were investigated. In a mouse I/R model undergoing 60-min intestinal ischemia followed by 2-h or 7-d reperfusion, we demonstrated that intestinal I/R caused significant intestinal injury and induced a switch from M2 to M1 macrophages, evidenced by a decrease in levels of M2 markers (arginase-1 and found in inflammatory zone protein), an increase in levels of M1 markers (inducible NO synthase and CCR7), and a decrease in the ratio of M2/M1 macrophages. RTsCPB reversed intestinal I/R-induced M2–M1 transition and promoted M1-M2 phenotype switch evidenced by a significant decrease in M1 markers, an increase in M2 markers, and the ratio of M2/M1 macrophages. Meanwhile, rTsCPB significantly ameliorated intestinal injury and improved intestinal function and survival rate of animals, accompanied by a decrease in neutrophil infiltration and an increase in cell proliferation in the intestine. However, a selective STAT6 inhibitor, AS1517499, reversed the protective effects of rTsCPB by inhibiting M1 to M2 transition. These findings suggest that intestinal I/R injury causes a switch from M2 to M1 macrophages and that rTsCPB ameliorates intestinal injury by promoting STAT6-dependent M1 to M2 transition.
Migraciones emergentes hacia la Argentina: colombianos y ecuatorianos. Breve panorama y estrategias de inserción cultural
Authors: Melella Cecilia 
Published: May 2015

Argentina es un país de inmigración. Durante las últimas décadas se han mantenido constantes y/o han aumentado las migraciones de países de la región como Paraguay, Bolivia y Perú. Estas colectividades tienen gran arraigo en el país y poseen una cantidad considerable de asociaciones civiles, religiosas y culturales, y medios de comunicación como periódicos, radios y páginas web. También han desarrollado diversas festividades en la sociedad receptora. Según datos de la Dirección Nacional de Migraciones, cada vez es mayor la cantidad de colombianos y ecuatorianos que migran hacia Argentina en búsqueda de capacitación profesional y educativa. El perfil de estas migraciones se caracteriza por incluir jóvenes que no proyectan una residencia definitiva. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las particularidades de estos desplazamientos recientes y analizar las estrategias de inserción cultural de estos grupos no demasiado afincados en nuestro país. Recursos como la gastronomía, las prácticas deportivas y culturales y la centralidad de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC) conforman las modalidades de inserción elegidas por estos embrionarios colectivos para articular lazos en la sociedad de destino
The prostatic utricle cyst with huge calculus and hypospadias: A case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Wang Weigang , Wang Yuantao , Zhu Dezhun , Yan Pengfei , Dong Biao , Zhou Honglan 
Published: May 2015

Prostatic utricle cysts with calculus and hypospadias are rare in clinical practice. According to our literature review, only few cases have been reported. Recently, we experienced a case of prostatic utricle cyst with huge calculus in a 25-year-old male patient. He had a history of left cryptorchidism and surgery for penoscrotal hypospadias in his infancy. He was referred for frequent micturition, urgency of urination, urine pain, terminal hematuria and dysuria. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a retrovesical cystic lesion of low density, in which a 5×5 cm calcification was shown. Retrograde urethrocystography showed a 5×5 cm high-density shadow in the posterior urethra. The cyst was incised by transperineal approach and the stone was clearly observed and removed. Urethral stricture repair was performed simultaneously. The patient recovered smoothly after operation.
Improved effectiveness and safety of flexible ureteroscopy for renal calculi (<2 cm): A retrospective study
Authors: Chen Shuqiu , Xu Bin , Liu Ning , Jiang Hua , Zhang Xiaowen , Yang Yu , Liu Jing , Sha Guozhu , Zhu Weidong , Chen Ming 
Published: May 2015

Introduction: We discuss the efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy for renal calculi with a burden of <2 cm, as well as the prevention and treatment of complications.Methods: A total of 108 renal calculi with flexible ureteroscopy and holmium laser treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The stone-free rate was evaluated. The effectiveness, safety, surgical technique, incidence of complications, and relevant treatments were analyzed.Results: All patients underwent only one lithotripsy procedure. The success rate of flexible ureteroscopy was 97.2% (105/108). Among the 105 cases, the total lithotripsy success rate was 97.1% (101/105). The total stone-free rate after 8 weeks post-operation was 94.3% (99/105), the stone-free rate of the lower calyx was 85.7% (30/35); it was 98.6% (69/70) in the middle‒upper calyceal and renal pelvis. The incidence of complications was 12.9% (14/108). None of the patients had serious adverse outcomes.Conclusion: Flexible ureteroscopy represents an optimal treatment option for selected renal calculi with burden of <2 cm. The effectiveness and safety of flexible ureteroscopy can be further improved through reasonable preoperative evaluation and advances in surgical techniques, as well as a better understanding of the inducement and treatment of complications.