bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical Changes in the Beaufort–Chukchi–Bering Seas Surface Winds and Waves, 1971–2013
Authors: Wang Xiaolan L. , Feng Yang , Swail Val R. , Cox Andrew 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This study characterizes historical changes in surface wind speed and ocean surface waves in the Beaufort–Chukchi–Bering Seas using Environment Canada’s Beaufort Wind and Wave Reanalysis for the period 1970–2013. The results show that both the significant wave height () and mean wave period () have increased significantly over the Bering Sea in July and August and over the Canadian Beaufort Sea westward to the northern Bering Sea in September, and that the 1992–2013 trends in September mean agree well with satellite-based trend estimates for 1993–2010. Most outstandingly, the regional mean has increased at a rate of 3%–4% yr−1 of the corresponding 1970–99 climatology; it has more than tripled since 1970. Also, the regional mean has increased at a rate of 0.3% to 0.8% yr−1. The trends of lengthening wave period and increasing wave height imply a trend of increasing wave energy flux, providing a mechanism to break up sea ice and accelerate ice retreat. The results also show that changes in the local wind speeds alone cannot explain the significant changes in waves. The wind speeds show significant increases over the Bering Sea to the north of Alaska in July and over the central part of the domain in August and September, with decreases in the region off the Canadian coasts in August. In the region west of the Canadian coast, the climatological mean wind direction has rotated clockwise in July and August, with the climatological anticyclonic center being displaced northeastward in August.
Central nervous system medication use in older adults with intellectual disability: Results from the successful ageing in intellectual disability study
Authors: Chitty Kate M , Evans Elizabeth , Torr Jennifer J , Iacono Teresa , Brodaty Henry , Sachdev Perminder , Trollor Julian N 
Published: May 2015

Objective: Information on the rates and predictors of polypharmacy of central nervous system medication in older people with intellectual disability is limited, despite the increased life expectancy of this group. This study examined central nervous system medication use in an older sample of people with intellectual disability. Methods: Data regarding demographics, psychiatric diagnoses and current medications were collected as part of a larger survey completed by carers of people with intellectual disability over the age of 40 years. Recruitment occurred predominantly via disability services across different urban and rural locations in New South Wales and Victoria. Medications were coded according to the Monthly Index of Medical Specialties central nervous system medication categories, including sedatives/hypnotics, anti-anxiety agents, antipsychotics, antidepressants, central nervous system stimulants, movement disorder medications and anticonvulsants. The Developmental Behaviour Checklist for Adults was used to assess behaviour. Results: Data were available for 114 people with intellectual disability. In all, 62.3% of the sample was prescribed a central nervous system medication, with 47.4% taking more than one. Of those who were medicated, 46.5% had a neurological diagnosis (a seizure disorder or Parkinson’s disease) and 45.1% had a psychiatric diagnosis (an affective or psychotic disorder). Linear regression revealed that polypharmacy was predicted by the presence of neurological and psychiatric diagnosis, higher Developmental Behaviour Checklist for Adults scores and male gender. Conclusion: This study is the first to focus on central nervous system medication in an older sample with intellectual disability. The findings are in line with the wider literature in younger people, showing a high degree of prescription and polypharmacy. Within the sample, there seems to be adequate rationale for central nervous system medication prescription. Although these data do not indicate non-adherence to guidelines for prescribing in intellectual disability, the high rate of polypharmacy and its relationship to Developmental Behaviour Checklist for Adults scores reiterate the importance of continued medication review in older people with intellectual disability.
The conceptualization of country attractiveness: a review of research
Authors: Lee Kwang-Hoon 
Published: May 2015

Despite the growth of literature on country attractiveness covering a wide range of research areas, minimal effort has been expended on its conceptualization in public administration. This article seeks to add to previous scholarly works by clarifying the concept and operationalizing its multi-dimensions to explain the effects of the attractiveness of nations based on theoretical grounding. More specifically, by examining prior studies in international business, tourism and migration research, the article attempts to reorganize the constituent elements of the concept into a multi-dimensional framework from a sustainable development perspective. This can be broken down conceptually into three spheres: economic, social and environmental attractiveness. The theoretical background for each dimensional effect is taken from signaling and soft power theories. The article presents a synthesis of the concept intended to cover all aspects of the empirical findings. Points for practitioners As globalization results in more and more competition, it is imperative that every country employ marketing and promotion strategies/policies to raise global public awareness of its image to stakeholders including companies, customers, citizens, tourists and highly-skilled migrants. Therefore, public administration researchers and policy makers must take into account the concept of country attractiveness, the core element of a country’s soft power, as it can play a key role in enhancing the success of the strategies and policies of countries in the various fields of international competition.
Bosniak classification system: a prospective comparison of CT, contrast-enhanced US, and MR for categorizing complex renal cystic masses
Authors: Graumann Ole , Osther Susanne Sloth , Karstoft Jens , Hørlyck Arne , Osther Palle Jörn Sloth 
Published: May 2015

Background The Bosniak classification was originally based on computed tomographic (CT) findings. Magnetic resonance (MR) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) imaging may demonstrate findings that are not depicted at CT, and there may not always be a clear correlation between the findings at MR and CEUS imaging and those at CT. Purpose To compare diagnostic accuracy of MR, CEUS, and CT when categorizing complex renal cystic masses according to the Bosniak classification. Material and Methods From February 2011 to June 2012, 46 complex renal cysts were prospectively evaluated by three readers. Each mass was categorized according to the Bosniak classification and CT was chosen as gold standard. Kappa was calculated for diagnostic accuracy and data was compared with pathological results. Results CT images found 27 BII, six BIIF, seven BIII, and six BIV. Forty-three cysts could be characterized by CEUS, 79% were in agreement with CT (κ = 0.86). Five BII lesions were upgraded to BIIF and four lesions were categorized lower with CEUS. Forty-one lesions were examined with MR; 78% were in agreement with CT (κ = 0.91). Three BII lesions were upgraded to BIIF and six lesions were categorized one category lower. Pathologic correlation in six lesions revealed four malignant and two benign lesions. Conclusion CEUS and MR both up- and downgraded renal cysts compared to CT, and until these non-radiation modalities have been refined and adjusted, CT should remain the gold standard of the Bosniak classification.
Time allocation in Poland before and after 1989 – working time perspective
Authors: Jankiewicz Jacek 
Published: May 2015

In societies that undergo transformation such as those in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, in the opinion of many, the value of people's time changes. This produces changes in the structure of consumption and the supply of labour. Most probably, at least during the initial years of transition, there is a growing awareness of the time wastage that occurred under the previous system (queuing for basic necessities, plus very limited availability of equipment to facilitate and accelerate household chores). In pre-1989 Poland, where market rules did not apply, three time-use surveys were conducted for the entire adult population of the country (1975–1976; 1982; 1984). Looking at their findings, one must take into account the “exceptional” circumstances in which the population had to function—a shortage of goods and services, regulated prices, and no official unemployment are just some of the features of the socialist system. After the change in the socioeconomic system, in the years 2003–2004, another representative time use survey was conducted. The results showed time allocation under completely different conditions—with distinct cyclical fluctuations in the economy, real wages rising, involuntary unemployment, and the supply of household appliances. The purpose of this article is to compare the differences in time allocation, which result not only from the passage of time. The results from 1984 describe Polish people functioning under conditions created by so-called real socialism. Two decades later, the survey reveals the picture of time use in this society in an economic environment that has been to a large extent liberalized.
Evaluation of biochemical and haematological parameters and prevalence of selected pathogens in feral cats from urban and rural habitats in South Korea
Authors: Hwang Jusun , Gottdenker Nicole , Min Mi-Sook , Lee Hang , Chun Myung-Sun 
Published: May 2015

Objectives In this study, we evaluated the potential association between the habitat types of feral cats and the prevalence of selected infectious pathogens and health status based on a set of blood parameters. Methods We live-trapped 72 feral cats from two different habitat types: an urban area (n = 48) and a rural agricultural area (n = 24). We compared blood values and the prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and haemotropic Mycoplasma infection in feral cats from the two contrasting habitats. Results Significant differences were observed in several blood values (haematocrit, red blood cells, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine) depending on the habitat type and/or sex of the cat. Two individuals from the urban area were seropositive for FIV (3.0%), and eight (12.1%) were positive for FeLV infection (five from an urban habitat and three from a rural habitat). Haemoplasma infection was more common. Based on molecular analysis, 38 cats (54.3%) were positive for haemoplasma, with a significantly higher infection rate in cats from rural habitats (70.8%) compared with urban cats (47.8%). Conclusions and relevance Our study recorded haematological and serum biochemical values, and prevalence of selected pathogens in feral cat populations from two different habitat types. A subset of important laboratory parameters from rural cats showed values under or above the corresponding reference intervals for healthy domestic cats, suggesting potential differences in the health status of feral cats depending on the habitat type. Our findings provide information about the association between 1) blood values (haematological and serum biochemistry parameters) and 2) prevalence of selected pathogen infections and different habitat types; this may be important for veterinarians who work with feral and/or stray cats and for overall cat welfare management.
Protease-inhibiting, molecular modeling and antimicrobial activities of extracts and constituents from Helichrysum foetidum and Helichrysum mechowianum (compositae)
Authors: Malolo Fanny-Aimée Essombe , Bissoue Nouga Achille , Kakam Antoine , Franke Katrin , Ngah Lidwine , Flausino Otavio , Mpondo Mpondo Emmanuel , Ntie-Kang Fidele , Ndom Jean Claude , Bolzani Vanderlan da Silva , Wessjohann Ludger 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background

Helichrysum species are used extensively for stress-related ailments and as dressings for wounds normally encountered in circumcision rites, bruises, cuts and sores. It has been reported that Helichysum species are used to relief abdominal pain, heart burn, cough, cold, wounds, female sterility, menstrual pain.

Results
From the extracts of Helichrysum foetidum (L.) Moench, six known compounds were isolated and identified. They were 7, 4′-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-flavanone (1), 6′-methoxy-2′,4, 4′-trihydroxychalcone (2), 6′-methoxy-2′,4-dihydroxychalcone -4′-O-β-D-glucoside (3), apigenin (4), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (5), kaur-16-en-18-oic acid (6) while two known compounds 3,5,7-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone (12), 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (13) together with a mixture of phytosterol were isolated from the methanol extract of Helichrysum mechowianum Klatt. All the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and mass spectrometric methods, and by comparison with literature data. Both extracts and all the isolates were screened for the protease inhibition, antibacterial and antifungal activities. In addition, the phytochemical profiles of both species were investigated by ESI-MS experiments.

Conclusions
These results showed that the protease inhibition assay of H. foetidum could be mainly attributed to the constituents of flavonoids glycosides (3, 5) while the compound (13) from H. mechowianum contributes to the stomach protecting effects. In addition, among the antibacterial and antifungal activities of all the isolates, compound (6) was found to possess a potent inhibitor effect against the tested microorganisms. The heterogeneity of the genus is also reflected in its phytochemical diversity. The differential bioactivities and determined constituents support the traditional use of the species. Molecular modelling was carried out by computing selected descriptors related to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET).
Frontal recess anatomy in Japanese subjects and its effect on the development of frontal sinusitis: Computed tomography analysis
Authors: Kubota Kazunori , Takeno Sachio , Hirakawa Katsuhiro 
Published: May 2015

Background Comprehensive understanding of frontal recess anatomy is essential for the successful treatment of patients with frontal sinus disease. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of specific frontal recess cells in Japanese subjects and the association of these cells with the development of frontal sinusitis. Methods Frontal recess anatomy was analyzed using high-resolution spiral computed tomography images of paranasal sinuses from December 2008 through September 2011. The distribution of various frontal recess cells in patients with and without frontal sinusitis was compared by logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 150 patients met the criteria, and 300 sides were analyzed. Agger nasi cells were present in 88.0 % of sides; frontal cell types 1 (FC1), 2 (FC2), 3 (FC3), and 4 (FC4) were present in 37.0 %, 6.3 %, 4.3 %, and 1.3 %, respectively; supraorbital ethmoid cells in 6.0 %, suprabullar cells in 37.0 %, frontal bullar cells (FBC) in 7.0 %, and interfrontal sinus septal cells in 8.6 %. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of FBCs was significantly associated with the development of frontal sinusitis ( p = 0.043). Conclusions The frequencies of frontal recess cells in Japanese adult patients were similar to those reported for other East Asian adult populations, including Chinese, Korean, and Taiwanese. Anatomically, FBCs may show a greater association with the development of frontal sinusitis than other frontal recess cells.
Phylogenetic relationships of Santalales with insights into the origins of holoparasitic Balanophoraceae
Authors: Su Huei-Jiun , Hu Jer-Ming , Anderson Frank E. , Der Joshua P. , Nickrent Daniel L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTo date molecular data have not revealed the exact phylogenetic position of Balanophoraceae in relation to hemiparasitic Santalales. To elucidate the phylogeny of Santalales and the position of Balanophoraceae, three plastid genes (matK, rbcL, accD), three nuclear genes (SSU and LSU rDNA and RPB2) and one mitochondrial gene (matR) from 197 Santalales samples (including 11 Balanophoraceae species) were analyzed with parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Our results demonstrate that Balanophoraceae is composed of two well‐supported clades: a relatively slow‐evolving one including Dactylantus, Hachettea, and Mystropetalon (Mystropetalaceae) and an extremely fast‐evolving one composed of the remaining Balanophoraceae s.str. Support for monophyly of the two clades was low, thus it appears holoparasitism has arisen twice independently in Santalales. These two clades appeared during a time of great change in the order (ca. 100 Ma) when several major evolutionary innovations emerged, e.g., the root hemiparasites of Santalaceae s.l., the first aerial parasites (Misodendraceae), herbaceous root parasites (Schoepfiaceae), root parasitic Loranthaceae (the ancestors of aerial parasitic mistletoes), as well as the holoparasites in Balanophoraceae and Mystropetalaceae.
‘New speakers’ of Irish in the United States: practices and motivations
Authors: Walsh John , Ní Dhúda Laoise 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper examines the experiences and motivations of ‘new speakers’ of Irish in the United States. ‘New speakers’ of Irish refer to those whose first language is not Irish but who use the language regularly and fluently. Based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out among Irish speakers in five locations across the United States, the paper begins by describing the language backgrounds of participants. It goes on to analyse their use of Irish and their motivations for learning it and considers the links between practice and ideology. Although Irish heritage and culture are often strong motivating factors for Americans to learn Irish, not all learners are Irish American and only some advance to a level of competence high enough to adopt Irish as family or home language and/or attempt to influence the language ideologies of others. High and active competence is linked to deep personal dedication and is achieved despite significant obstacles facing those who wish to become new speakers of Irish in the United States. This research is part of a broader European project about the practices and ideologies of ‘new speakers’ from a range of languages.
Intersectionality in language trajectories: African women in Spain
Authors: Martínez Tulay Caglitutuncigil 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
During the last decades, changing intra-state and inter-state immigrant profiles in Spain has generated an interesting landscape for sociolinguistics research. There has been a shift from temporary migration to permanent settlement, which means that there is an increasing number of individuals who need to speak the locally legitimate forms of language for different reasons. Apart from this, recent statistics indicate that female immigrants’ profiles are also changing, and they are becoming more and more forerunners and active participants in the formal Spanish labour market (Aja et al. 2011). Therefore, this dynamic, ever changing profile of female immigrants suggests that they move across existing boundaries, acquiring and developing their linguistic knowledge to access other forms of symbolic capitals in Spain. Building on my ethnography of two sites in Madrid and Barcelona between 2011 and 2014, I shall explain how African immigrant women become new speakers and how their language learning process intersects with socially constructed boundaries such as political, economic, and linguistic hierarchies and ascribed gender roles.
Innovative bio-products for agriculture
Authors: Chojnacka Katarzyna 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper reports state of the art research in
the field of novel bio-based products for agriculture.
Biopesticides, biostimulants and biofertilizers were
shown as a potential alternative or additional products to
the currently used agrochemicals. The present situation
on the market of agrochemicals was discussed. Difficulties
related to products registration were taken into account.
Research on supercritical algal extracts as a biostimulant
of plant growth and health supporting feed additive for
laying hens was presented, as well as the perspectives of
the use of biomass as the carrier of fertilizer nutrients.
The method of production of new fertilizer components
with micronutrients was biosorption. The concept of new
phosphorus biofertilizers containing living microflora that
solubilizes phosphorus was reported.
Understanding and Challenging White Privilege in Higher Education as a Means of Combatting and Neutralizing Racism
Authors: Rainer Jackson P. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Efforts in the classroom have most often addressed racism from the perspective of the groups affected by discriminatory policies and practice. While diversity education of this sort has demonstrated positive impact on educational outcomes for college students (Gurin, Dey, Hurtado, & Gurin, 2002), this approach places primary attention on the disempowerment of the non-dominant group. One of the essential premises of multicultural education is that it solicits dialogue focusing on the perception of the person in environment, including interactions with diverse sets of peers from the non-dominant cultural and social group. There is a strong empirical base of evidence (Smith et al., 1997) informing the pedagogical logic with this approach to teaching in experiential education. As noted in this approach, the problems of racism have generally focused on those affected by discriminatory policies and practices. Contemporary approaches to multicultural education flip this idea of discrimination on its head and instead suggest focusing on those who benefit from it and the complex issues involved in the maintenance of identity, power, and privilege. Discussion of the motivations of white privilege and the benefits derived from it serves as the focus of this paper, followed by the challenges inherent in neutralizing white privilege in adult education. A personal narrative from the author’s history will serve to illustrate the “lessons learned” from this approach.