bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sport-Related Concussion and Sensory Function in Young Adults
Authors: Moore Robert D. , Broglio Steven P. , Hillman Charles H. 
Published: December 2013

Context:
The long-term implications of concussive injuries for brain and cognitive health represent a growing concern in the public consciousness. As such, identifying measures sensitive to the subtle yet persistent effects of concussive injuries is warranted.

Objective:
To investigate how concussion sustained early in life influences visual processing in young adults. We predicted that young adults with a history of concussion would show decreased sensory processing, as noted by a reduction in P1 event-related potential component amplitude.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Thirty-six adults (18 with a history of concussion, 18 controls) between the ages of 20 and 28 years completed a pattern-reversal visual evoked potential task while event-related potentials were recorded.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The groups did not differ in any demographic variables (all P values &gt; .05), yet those with a concussive history exhibited reduced P1 amplitude compared with the control participants (P = .05).

Conclusions:
These results suggest that concussion history has a negative effect on visual processing in young adults. Further, upper-level neurocognitive deficits associated with concussion may, in part, result from less efficient downstream sensory capture.
Incidence of Injury Among Male Brazilian Jiujitsu Fighters at the World Jiu-Jitsu No-Gi Championship 2009
Authors: Kreiswirth Ethan M. , Myer Gregory D. , Rauh Mitchell J. 
Published: December 2013

Context:Brazilian jiujitsu is a modern combat martial art that uses joint locks to submit an opponent and achieve victory. This form of martial art is a relatively young but rapidly growing combat sport worldwide.Objective:To determine the cumulative injury incidence and risk of injury by belt rank and body region at an international-level Brazilian jiujitsu tournament.Design:Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting:World Jiu-Jitsu No-Gi Championship 2009 in Long Beach, California.Patients or Other Participants:We monitored 951 athletes (age range, 18–50 years) enrolled to compete in the World Jiu-Jitsu No-Gi Championship 2009.Intervention(s):Fighters were categorized by belt level for group comparisons (belt experience). Incidence rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and incidence rate ratios were compared by belt rank.Main Outcome Measure(s):Incidence rates and incidence rate ratios.Results:During the tournament, 1606 AEs and 62 total injuries were reported. Of these injuries, 40 affected the joints, for an overall incidence rate of 24.9 per 1000 AEs. The joint incidence rate by belt rank was 21.5 per 1000 AEs for blue, 21.3 per 1000 AEs for purple, 25.2 per 1000 AEs for brown, and 35.1 per 1000 AEs for black. We found no differences for incidence rate ratios of joint injury among individual belt groups (P &gt; .05). More experienced (brown belt and black belt) competitors had a higher injury risk than the less experienced (blue belt and purple belt) competitors; however, the difference was not significant (incidence rate ratio = 1.65, 95% confidence interval = 0.9, 2.9; P = .06). The incidence of joint injury was highest at the knee (7.5 per 1000 AEs) and elbow (7.5 per 1000 AEs).Conclusions:The data from this international Brazilian jiujitsu tournament indicated that the risk of joint injury was similar among belt ranks or experience during this Brazilian jiujitsu competition. The knee and elbow were the joints most susceptible to injury. Future investigation of injury mechanism is warranted to develop strategies to reduce potential risk factors attributed to injury.
Selection Criteria for Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability in Controlled Research: A Position Statement of the International Ankle Consortium
Authors: Gribble Phillip A. , Delahunt Eamonn , Bleakley Christopher M. , Caulfield Brian , Docherty Carrie L. , Fong Daniel Tik-Pui , Fourchet François , Hertel Jay , Hiller Claire E. , Kaminski Thomas W. , McKeon Patrick O. , Refshauge Kathryn M. , van der Wees Philip , Vicenzino William , Wikstrom Erik A. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
While research on chronic ankle instability (CAI) and awareness of its impact on society and health care systems has grown substantially in the last 2 decades, the inconsistency in participant or patient selection criteria across studies presents a potential obstacle to addressing the problem properly. This major gap within the literature limits the ability to generalize this evidence to the target patient population. Therefore, there is a need to provide standards for patient or participant selection criteria in research focused on CAI with justifications using the best available evidence. The International Ankle Consortium provides this position paper to present and discuss an endorsed set of selection criteria for patients with CAI based on the best available evidence to be used in future research and study designs. These recommendations will enhance the validity of research conducted in this clinical population with the end goal of bringing the research evidence to the clinician and patient.
Agenda setting en medios ecuatorianos. Diarios El Universo, El Mercurio, El Comercio y El Telégrafo
Authors: Rivera Rogel Diana , Punin Larrea María Isabel , Calva Cabrera Daniela 
Published: December 2013

Tomando como base fundamental los conceptos de la agenda setting el estudio busca conocer la línea que siguen los cuatro medios de comunicación de Ecuador (El Universo, El Telégrafo, El Comercio y El Mercurio) para el establecimiento cotidiano de sus temarios periodísticos. Metodología. Se trabajó con el análisis de contenido a través de una semana compuesta entre el 16 de abril al 18 de mayo de 2012, usando como instrumento una ficha de investigación que comprende nueve apartados. Resultados. Se destacan las entidades públicas como los principales motores de la información; las rutinas productivas cotidianas de los medios resultan favorecedoras frente al periodismo de investigación; y las noticias breves tienen mayor número de publicaciones en dichos periódicos objeto de estudio. Discusión. La falta de periodismo de investigación es notoria en los casos de estudio. Los periodistas prefieren hacer rutinas cotidianas en especial con organismos o entidades públicas en donde permanentemente encuentran hechos noticiosos. Conclusiones. Los medios de comunicación están constantemente monitoreados para conocer la importancia que le brindan a la labor periodística. Las empresas informativas suelen moverse atendiendo a determinados intereses de grupos específicos.
Basal-Like Breast Cancer: Update on Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Features
Authors: Leidy Jennifer , Khan Ashraf , Kandil Dina 
Published: December 2013

Context.—Basal-like breast carcinoma (BLBC) is a distinct molecular subtype of breast carcinoma identified through gene expression profiling studies.
Objective.—To provide the clinical background, the histologic profile, and the immunohistochemical profile of these tumors and discuss the current knowledge of their molecular signature and their implications on targeted molecular therapy.
Data Sources.—Data were obtained from review of the pertinent peer-reviewed literature.
Conclusions.—Basal-like breast carcinomas are aggressive tumors with poor prognosis. Lack of targeted therapy makes their treatment a challenging task. Traditional chemotherapy is still associated with a high risk of relapse and death in a high percentage of patients. Platinum-based chemotherapy has been considered as a candidate for the treatment of BLBCs owing to their BRCA1 phenotype. Approximately 22% of patients treated with single-agent cisplatin show pathologic complete response, which is a comparable rate to that seen with nonplatinum agents. Antiangiogenic agents have been promising, but their currently demonstrated limited response is considered disappointing. Additionally, epidermal growth factor receptor was not shown to be a helpful target for BLBC. A recent study has shown that BLBC appears to be especially sensitive to MEK inhibitors, making it a promising therapeutic possibility. The list of new targets is still evolving and the “magic” therapeutic target is yet to be discovered.
The Ever-Changing Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in the Management of Breast Cancer
Authors: Goodman Steven , O'Connor Ashling , Kandil Dina , Khan Ashraf 
Published: December 2013

Context.—Axillary nodal status remains one of the most important prognostic indicators in the management of breast cancer. Axillary node metastases are seen in fewer than half of breast cancer cases, and axillary lymph node dissection is associated with significant morbidity. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the gold standard for axillary staging of breast cancer.
Objective.—To present a detailed review of the existing studies on SLNB in relation to the various techniques, the pathologic evaluation of the sentinel node, and special situations that can involve SLNB. We discuss recent trials that have already had an influence on surgical and pathologic management of breast cancer. In this article, we also discuss our practice and experience at UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, from a pathologic and surgical perspective.
Data Sources.—Published articles from peer-reviewed journals in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine).
Conclusions.—Sentinel node biopsy has become standard of care in the surgical management of breast cancer, and emerging data show that the survival benefits of axillary lymph node dissection may not be greater than sentinel node biopsy alone in patients with up to 2 positive sentinel nodes. Therefore, there have been recent changes to the role of intraoperative sentinel node evaluation, and an impact on overall breast cancer management.
Variability of Pathologists' Utilization of p16 and Ki-67 Immunostaining in the Diagnosis of Cervical Biopsies in Routine Pathology Practice and Its Impact on the Frequencies of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Diagnoses and Cytohistologic Correlations
Authors: Singh Charanjeet , Manivel J. Carlos , Truskinovsky Alexander M. , Savik Kay , Amirouche Samy , Holler Jana , Thyagarajan Bharat , Gulbahce H. Evin , Pambuccian Stefan E. 
Published: December 2013

Context.—The use of p16 in cervical biopsies improves the accuracy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) diagnosis and grading and decreases its interpathologist variability.Objective.—To determine the impact of the frequency of use of p16 immunostains in cervical biopsies on pathologists' diagnoses of CIN grade 1 and grade 2 or above (CIN1 and CIN2+) and on cytohistologic correlations.Design.—We identified all cervical biopsy specimens with cytologic correlations subjected or not to p16 staining from January 1, 2005, to September 30, 2010; calculated each pathologist's percentage of p16 use; and correlated it with their major cytohistologic discrepancy rates, CIN2+ diagnoses, and CIN1/CIN2+ ratios.Results.—During the study period, each of the 23 pathologists interpreted 59 to 1811 (mean, 518) of 11 850 cervical biopsy specimens, used p16 for 0% to 21.31% (mean, 10.14%) of these, had CIN2+ detection rates of 9.5% to 24.1% (mean, 18.9%), and CIN1/CIN2+ ratios of 0.7 to 4.5 (mean, 1.5). Compared to the 12 “low users” of p16, who used p16 fewer times than the institution's mean for p16 use, the 11 “high users” of p16 diagnosed more biopsies (8391 versus 3459), had a lower rate of major cytohistologic discrepancies (12.62% versus 14.92%, P &lt; .001), a higher rate of CIN2+ diagnoses (19.9% versus 16.4%, P &lt; .001), a lower range of CIN2+ rates (15.0%–23.1% versus 9.5%–24.1%), and lower CIN1/CIN2+ ratios (1.2 versus 2.3).Conclusions.—We found a high intrainstitutional variability of p16 use in cervical biopsies, CIN2+ rates, and CIN1/CIN2+ ratios. Use of p16 for greater than 10% of cervical biopsies was associated with improved cytohistologic correlation rates and with lower variability in the frequencies of histologic diagnoses.
Improving the Value of Costly Genetic Reference Laboratory Testing With Active Utilization Management
Authors: Dickerson Jane A. , Cole Bonnie , Conta Jessie H. , Wellner Monica , Wallace Stephanie E. , Jack Rhona M. , Rutledge Joe , Astion Michael L. 
Published: December 2013

Context.—Tests that are performed outside of the ordering institution, send-out tests, represent an area of risk to patients because of complexity associated with sending tests out. Risks related to send-out tests include increased number of handoffs, ordering the wrong or unnecessary test, specimen delays, data entry errors, preventable delays in reporting and acknowledging results, and excess financial liability. Many of the most expensive and most misunderstood tests are send-out genetic tests.Objective.—To design and develop an active utilization management program to reduce the risk to patients and improve value of genetic send-out tests.Design.—Send-out test requests that met defined criteria were reviewed by a rotating team of doctoral-level consultants and a genetic counselor in a pediatric tertiary care center.Results.—Two hundred fifty-one cases were reviewed during an 8-month period. After review, nearly one-quarter of genetic test requests were modified in the downward direction, saving a total of 2% of the entire send-out bill and 19% of the test requests under management. Ultimately, these savings were passed on to patients.Conclusions.—Implementing an active utilization strategy for expensive send-out tests can be achieved with minimal technical resources and results in improved value of testing to patients.
The Impact of Template Format on the Completeness of Surgical Pathology Reports
Authors: Renshaw Scott A. , Mena-Allauca Mercy , Touriz Michelle , Renshaw Andrew , Gould Edwin W. 
Published: December 2013

Context.—The College of American Pathologists Cancer Case Summaries templates provide a method for including all necessary pathology information in surgical pathology reports with cancer. How effective these templates are at ensuring a complete report, as measured by a separate outside tumor registry, is not known.Objective.—To determine factors that correlate with the completeness of the pathology report.Design.—All surgical pathology reports from our hospital (Baptist Hospital of Miami, Miami, Florida) that used templates from January 2004 through February 2013 were reviewed and assessed for completeness by an outside tumor registry.Results.—From 2004 through June 2012, 6139 surgical pathology reports were completed using the template, but only 5151 reports (84%) were complete. For the period January 2012 through June 2012, experienced pathologists who filled out at least 50 templates (n = 3) had a significantly higher completeness rate (187 of 206; 91%) than did pathologists who filled out less than 50 templates (n = 3; 23 of 35; 65%, P &lt; .001) or pathologists who were new to the templates (n = 1; 81 of 104, 78%; P = .002). When the templates were changed by the elimination of all optional information, sequential numbering of all necessary items, and bolding the distance from the closest margin, completeness significantly improved to 98% (313 of 320, P &lt; .001). The improvement remained constant for the 6 months after the changes in format.Conclusions.—The introduction of simple formatting changes was associated with significantly improved completeness of pathology reports that use the College of American Pathologists Cancer Case Summaries.
Diagnostic Accuracy Studies of Fine-Needle Aspiration Show Wide Variation in Reporting of Study Population Characteristics: Implications for External Validity
Authors: Schmidt Robert L. , Narra Krishna K. , Witt Benjamin L. , Factor Rachel E. 
Published: December 2013

Context.—Study comparisons rest on the assessment of applicability or external validity. Population characteristics are an important component of external validity and, although there has been a heightened awareness of deficiencies in reporting in diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies, the reporting of populations in DTA studies has not been investigated.
Objective.—To assess the quality of reporting of population descriptions in DTA studies for fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).
Design.—Literature survey of common population parameters and usage patterns in FNAC DTA studies. We randomly selected 20 FNAC DTA studies in 4 categories (salivary glands, lung, thyroid, and pancreas) and determined the frequency of parameter usage.
Results.—Studies showed considerable variability in reporting patterns. On average, studies reported 2 to 4 parameters to describe study populations. Age, sex, and lesion size were most frequently reported. Sixteen percent of studies did not provide any population description. Population parameters were used to describe the sample population more frequently than to describe the selection process (P = .001). There were significant differences in the number of parameters specified by anatomic site (P = .001). Only 21% of studies provided a flow diagram. Thirty-three percent of studies mentioned the target population.
Conclusions.—Studies show considerable variability in the description of sample populations and the population selection process. Studies often fail to provide flow diagrams or to provide a clear statement of the research problem. There is considerable opportunity for studies to improve both descriptions of sample populations and the process used to select them.
Study on Eating Habits and Physical Activity Status in Turkey
Authors: Bagriacik Nazif , Elmacioglu Funda , Sakar Sule , Yolacan Ceren , Yildiz Sema 
Published: December 2013

The present study aimed to evaluate eating habits and physical activity status of Turkish population, and to determine nutritional changes. This study was conducted in 12 provinces of 11 regions of NUTS level 1 via a face-to-face interview using a pre-prepared questionnaire and included 1536 subjects aged >15 years with different socioeconomic statuses who eat out at least once in a month.
Of the subjects, 33.6% were overweight, 18.4% were obese and 48% had normal weight.

BMI

%

Overweight

33.6%

Obese

18.4%

Normal Weight

48.0%

The rates of subjects calculating calorie intake (8.4%) and reading nutrition facts label (29.1%) were increased with increasing BMI.
The most frequently consumed foods were bread, cheese and olive at breakfast, bread, soup, salad, yoghurt, and pilaf at lunch and toast, sandwiches, and Turkish bagels at snacks.

Breakfast

Average(Monthly)

Bread

25.8

Cheese

25.0

Olive

22.8

Lunch

Average(Monthly)

Bread

26.1

Salad

17.7

Soup

16.4

Yoghurt

10.4

Pilaf

9.6

Snack

%

Toast

33.4

Turkish Bagels

26.3

Sandwiches

25.8

The mean duration of meals was <30 min in 85.8% of the subjects.

Duration Of Meals

%

0-15 minutes

22.7

16-30 minutes

63.3

30 minutes and more

14.1

The most commonly consumed non-alcoholic beverages were tea (95.7%), coffee (58.7%), Turkish yoghurt drink (56.1%), and carbonated beverages (48.3%). Milk consumption was low (20.2%).

Non-alcoholic Beverages

%

Tea

95.7%

Coffee

58.7%

Turkish Yoghurt Drink

56.1%

Carbonated Beverages

48.3%

Milk

20.2%

Alcohol consumption rate was 26.6%. The rate of subjects doing sports was 14.8%, which decreased with increasing age and BMI. In Turkish population, eating habits continued to be traditional, eating awareness and the rate of sport activities were very low.
Investigation of aerosol indirect effects using a cumulus microphysics parameterization in a regional climate model
Authors: Lim Kyo‐Sun Sunny , Fan Jiwen , Leung L. Ruby , Ma Po‐Lun , Singh Balwinder , Zhao Chun , Zhang Yang , Zhang Guang , Song Xiaoliang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA new Zhang and McFarlane (ZM) cumulus scheme includes a two‐moment cloud microphysics parameterization for convective clouds. This allows aerosol effects to be investigated more comprehensively by linking aerosols with microphysical processes in both stratiform clouds that are explicitly resolved and convective clouds that are parameterized in climate models. This new scheme is implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting model, coupled with the physics and aerosol packages from the Community Atmospheric Model version 5. A case of July 2008 during the East Asian summer monsoon is selected to evaluate the performance of the new ZM and to investigate aerosol effects on monsoon precipitation. The precipitation and radiative fluxes simulated by the new ZM show a better agreement with observations compared to simulations with the original ZM that does not include convective cloud microphysics and aerosol‐convective cloud interactions. Detailed analysis suggests that an increase in detrained cloud water and ice mass by the new ZM is responsible for this improvement. Aerosol impacts on cloud properties, precipitation, and radiation are examined by reducing the primary aerosols and anthropogenic emissions to 30% of those in the present (polluted) condition. The simulated surface precipitation is reduced by 9.8% from clean to polluted environment, and the reduction is less significant when microphysics processes are excluded from the cumulus clouds. Cloud fraction is reduced by the increased aerosols due to suppressed convection, except during some heavy precipitation periods when cloud fraction, cloud top height, and rain rate are increased due to enhanced convection.
Brief Report: Spuriously Low Serum IgG4 Concentrations Caused by the Prozone Phenomenon in Patients With IgG4‐Related Disease
Authors: Khosroshahi Arezou , Cheryk Lynn A. , Carruthers Mollie N. , Edwards Judith A. , Bloch Donald B. , Stone John H. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of the prozone effect in patients with IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD).MethodsAfter identifying the prozone effect in an index patient with IgG4‐RD, we examined additional samples to determine the frequency of this phenomenon. Thirty‐eight serum samples obtained from patients with IgG4‐RD whose results had been reported previously were retested. The serum IgG4 concentrations determined by this repeat analysis were compared with the originally reported values.ResultsIn 10 (26%) of 38 patients, the originally reported IgG4 values were falsely low; the prozone effect was identified in each of these 10 samples. Correction of the prozone effect by sample dilution led to revision of the mean serum IgG4 concentration in the 10 samples, from 26 mg/dl to 2,008 mg/dl (normal range 2.4–121 mg/dl). All 10 patients whose samples were affected by the prozone effect had active IgG4‐RD. Failure to detect the elevated serum IgG4 concentrations had a direct impact on the decision not to institute treatment in these patients.ConclusionThe prozone effect may lead to major underestimations of IgG4 concentrations in patients with IgG4‐RD and offers a potential explanation for the poor correlation observed between disease activity and serum IgG4 levels in some patients. This phenomenon should be considered if the serum IgG4 measurement appears discordant with the clinicopathologic diagnosis and the clinical assessment of disease activity.