bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel p38 MAPK docking-groove-targeted compound is a potent inhibitor of inflammatory hyperalgesia
Authors: Willemen Hanneke L. D. M. , Campos Pedro M. , Lucas Elisa , Morreale Antonio , Gil-Redondo Rubén , Agut Juan , González Florenci V. , Ramos Paula , Heijnen Cobi , Mayor Federico , Kavelaars Annemieke , Murga Cristina 
Published: February 2014

The MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) p38 is an important mediator of inflammation and of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. We have described recently that docking-groove-dependent interactions are important for p38 MAPK-mediated signal transduction. Thus virtual screening was performed to identify putative docking-groove-targeted p38 MAPK inhibitors. Several compounds of the benzo-oxadiazol family were identified with low micromolar inhibitory activity both in a p38 MAPK activity assay, and in THP-1 human monocytes acting as inhibitors of LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) secretion. Positions 2 and 5 in the phenyl ring are essential for the described inhibitory activity with a chloride in position 5 and a methyl group in position 2 yielding the best results, giving an IC50 value of 1.8 μM (FGA-19 compound). Notably, FGA-19 exerted a potent and long-lasting analgesic effect in vivo when tested in a mouse model of inflammatory hyperalgesia. A single intrathecal injection of FGA-19 completely resolved hyperalgesia, being 10-fold as potent and displaying longer lasting effects than the established p38 MAPK inhibitor SB239063. FGA-19 also reversed persistent pain in a model of post-inflammatory hyperalgesia in LysM (lysozyme M)-GRK2 (G-protein-coupled-receptor kinase)+/− mice. These potent in vivo effects suggested p38 MAPK docking-site-targeted inhibitors as a potential novel strategy for the treatment of inflammatory pain.
Smad7 inhibits AngII-mediated hypertensive nephropathy in a mouse model of hypertension
Authors: Liu Guan-Xian , Li You-Qi , Huang Xiao R. , Wei Li Hua , Zhang Yang , Feng Min , Meng Xiao-Ming , Chen Hai-Yong , Shi Yong-Jun , Lan Hui Y. 
Published: February 2014

The TGFβ (transforming growth factor β)/SMAD and NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) signalling pathways play a key role in hypertensive nephropathy. The present study examined whether targeting these pathways by SMAD7, a downstream inhibitor of both pathways, blocks AngII (angiotensin II)-induced hypertensive kidney disease in mice. A doxycycline-inducible SMAD7-expressing plasmid was delivered into the kidney by a non-invasive ultrasound-microbubble technique before and after AngII infusion. Results showed that pre-treatment with SMAD7 prevented AngII-induced progressive renal injury by inhibiting an increase in proteinuria and serum creatinine while improving the glomerular filtration rate. Similarly, treatment with SMAD7 in the established hypertensive nephropathy at day 14 after AngII infusion halted the progressive renal injury. These preventive and therapeutic effects of SMAD7 on hypertensive kidney injury were associated with inhibition of AngII-induced up-regulation of SMURF2 (SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2) and Sp1 (specificity protein 1), blockade of TGFβ/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis and suppression of NF-κB-driven renal inflammation. Moreover, overexpression of SMAD7 also prevented AngII-induced loss of renal miR-29b, an miRNA with an inhibitory role in both TGFβ/Smad3 and NF-κB pathways. In conclusion, SMAD7 may be a therapeutic agent for AngII-mediated hypertensive nephropathy. Inhibition of the Sp1/SMAD3/NF-κB/miR-29b regulatory network may be a mechanism by which SMAD7 inhibits hypertensive nephropathy.
Switching architecture for CMOS exponential function generators eliminating squarer/multiplier circuits
Authors: Ray S. , Hella M.M. 
Published: February 2014

A switching architecture for exponential function generators in submicron CMOS technology is proposed. The architecture is based on second‐order rational approximation of exponential functions and can be realised using MOS transistors in the saturation regime. An implementation eliminating complex squarer/multiplier circuits is presented in 0.13 μm CMOS technology. Simulation results show a dB‐linear range of 46 dB with less than ± 0.5 dB linear error while dissipating a maximum of 0.45 mW from a 1.2 V power supply.
Broadband and high‐K passive balun using 16 sides geometry for silicon‐based RFICs
Authors: Zhang Hua Bin , Cai Min , He Xiaoyong , Wu Haijun , Li Zhengpin , Tang F. 
Published: February 2014

A broadband and high‐K monolithic passive balun for silicon‐based radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) are presented. It utilises the top level thick Cu metal and adopts a 16‐side geometry. The proposed balun is designed and fabricated with a 0.13‐μm CMOS mixed‐signal 1P6M process. The measured results show that the amplitude imbalance is < 0.2 dB and the phase imbalance is within 4° from the frequency range of 0.1–7 GHz. Compared with the typical octagonal balun, the proposed design achieves the same coupling coefficients K and attains an enhancement in the transmission efficiency S21 within the frequency range of 0.1–20 GHz, and the consumed chip area is reduced by 3%.
25 Gbaud/s 4‐PAM (50 Gbit/s) modulation and 10 km SMF transmission with 1.3 μm InGaAlAs‐based DML
Authors: Kobayashi W. , Fujisawa T. , Kanazawa S. , Sanjoh H. 
Published: February 2014

The first 25 Gbaud/s four‐level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) of a 1.3 μm directly modulated laser (DML) is achieved and a 10 km transmission over a single‐mode fibre (SMF) with clear eye openings is demonstrated.
Osteotomy for Sigmoid Notch Obliquity and Ulnar Positive Variance
Authors: Dickson Lisa M. , Tham Stephen K. Y. 
Published: February 2014

Background Several causes of ulnar wrist pain have been described. One uncommon cause is ulnar carpal abutment associated with a notable distally facing sigmoid notch (reverse obliquity). Such an abnormality cannot be treated with ulnar shortening alone because it will result in incongruity of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ).
Case Description A 23-year-old woman presented with ulnar wrist pain aggravated by forearm rotation. Ten years earlier she had sustained a distal radius fracture that was conservatively treated. Examination revealed mild tenderness at the DRUJ and decreased wrist flexion and grip strength on the affected side. Radiographic examination demonstrated 1 cm ulnar positive variance, ulnar styloid nonunion, and a 37° reverse obliquity of the sigmoid notch. The patient was treated with ulnar shortening and rotation sigmoid notch osteotomy to realign the sigmoid notch with the ulnar head.
Literature Review Sigmoid notch incongruity is one of several causes of wrist pain after distal radius fracture. Traditional salvage options for DRUJ arthritis may result in loss of grip strength, painful ulnar shaft instability, or reossification and are not acceptable options in the young patient. Sigmoid notch osteotomy or osteoplasty have been described to correct the shape of the sigmoid notch in the axial plane.
Clinical Relevance We report a coronal plane osteotomy of the sigmoid notch to treat reverse obliquity of the sigmoid notch associated with ulnar carpal abutment. The rotation osteotomy described is particularly useful for patients in whom a salvage procedure is not warranted.
An efficient algorithm for accurate computation of the Dirichlet-multinomial log-likelihood function
Authors: Yu Peng , Shaw Chad A. 
Published: February 2014

Summary: The Dirichlet-multinomial (DMN) distribution is a fundamental model for multicategory count data with overdispersion. This distribution has many uses in bioinformatics including applications to metagenomics data, transctriptomics and alternative splicing. The DMN distribution reduces to the multinomial distribution when the overdispersion parameter ψ is 0. Unfortunately, numerical computation of the DMN log-likelihood function by conventional methods results in instability in the neighborhood of . An alternative formulation circumvents this instability, but it leads to long runtimes that make it impractical for large count data common in bioinformatics. We have developed a new method for computation of the DMN log-likelihood to solve the instability problem without incurring long runtimes. The new approach is composed of a novel formula and an algorithm to extend its applicability. Our numerical experiments show that this new method both improves the accuracy of log-likelihood evaluation and the runtime by several orders of magnitude, especially in high-count data situations that are common in deep sequencing data. Using real metagenomic data, our method achieves manyfold runtime improvement. Our method increases the feasibility of using the DMN distribution to model many high-throughput problems in bioinformatics. We have included in our work an R package giving access to this method and a vingette applying this approach to metagenomic data.Availability and implementation: An implementation of the algorithm together with a vignette describing its use is available in Supplementary Data.Contact: pengyu.bio@gmail.com or cashaw@bcm.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Millimeter Light Curve with Abrupt Jump in Cyg X-3 2008 April–May Outburst
Authors: Tsuboi Masato , Miyazaki Atsushi , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Kotani Taro 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Cyg X-3 is a well-known microquasar with a bipolar relativistic jet. Its famous giant radio outbursts have been repeated once every several years. However, the behavior of the millimeter-wave emission has remained unclear because of limitations of time resolution in previous observations. We report here on millimeter wave observations of Cyg X-3 experiencing giant outbursts with one of the finest time resolutions. We have found a series of short-lived flares with amplitudes of 1–2 Jy in the millimeter light curve of the 2008 April–May outburst. They have flat spectra at around 100 GHz. We have also found abrupt and large amplitude flux density changes with $e$-folding time of 3.6 min or less. The source size of Cyg X-3 is constrained to within 0.4 AU, and the brightness temperature is estimated to be $T_\mathrm{B}$ $\gtrsim$ 1 $\times$ 10$^{11}\ $K.
A Binary Shaped Mask Coronagraph for a Segmented Pupil
Authors: Enya Keigo , Abe Lyu 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We present the concept of a binary shaped mask coronagraph applicable to a telescope pupil including obscuration, based on previous work on a binary shaped pupil mask by Kasdin et al. (2005, Appl. Opt., 44, 1117) and Vanderbei (1999, Optimization methods and software, 11, 451). Solutions with multi-barcode masks that “skip over” the obscuration are shown for various types of pupils of the telescope, such as SUBARU, JWST, SPICA, and other examples. The number of diffraction tails in the point-spread function of the coronagraphic image is reduced to two, thus offering a large discovery angle. The concept of mask rotation is also presented, which allows a post-processing removal of diffraction tails, and provides a 360$^{\circ}$ continuous discovery angle. It is suggested that the presented concept offers solutions that potentially will allow large telescopes with a segmented pupil in the future to be used as platforms for coronagraphs.
On the Interpretation of the l–v Features in the Milky Way Galaxy
Authors: Junichi Baba , Takayuki R. Saitoh , Keiichi Wada 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We modeled the gas dynamics of barred galaxies using a three-dimensional, high-resolution, $N$-body $+$ hydrodynamical simulation, and applied it to the Milky Way in an attempt to reproduce both the large-scale structure and the clumpy morphology observed in galactic HI and CO $l$–$v$ diagrams. Owing to including of the multi-phase interstellar medium, self-gravity, star-formation, and supernovae feedback, the clumpy morphology, as well as the large-scale features, in observed $l$–$v$ diagrams were naturally reproduced. We identified in our $l$–$v$ diagrams with a number of not only large-scale peculiar features, such as the `3-kpc arm', `135-km s$^{-1}$ arm', and `Connecting arm', but also clumpy features, such as `Bania clumps', and then linked these features in a face-on view of our model. We give suggestions on the real structure of the Milky Way and on the fate of gas clumps in the central region.
Suzaku Wide-Band X-Ray Observation of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Ton S180
Authors: Takahashi Hiroaki , Hayashida Kiyoshi , Anabuki Naohisa 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We observed the luminous narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Ton S180 with Suzaku, and obtained its wide-band (0.25–55 keV) X-ray spectra for the first time. The spectra were modeled with three components: a power-law component, a reflection from a highly ionized disk component, and an extra soft component either of a disk blackbody or a cutoff power-law. The reflection component accounts for the broad iron K line centered at 6.7 keV, and some fraction of the soft X-ray excess, including the OVIII line emission. The latter two components contribute comparably to the soft X-ray excess. When we adopt the disk blackbody model as the extra soft component, the disk inner radius temperature is 75 eV, much smaller than previously considered. This component is almost consistent with that expected for the slim-disk model assuming edge-on geometry. Hard X-ray emission above 15 keV was marginally detected. To account for the hard X-ray spectrum, we introduced Compton-thick partial absorbers. The absence of the neutral iron K line requires that those absorbers must be preferentially located along the line of sight. Fractional variability has little energy dependence below 10 keV, and is explained with a model in which the covering fraction of the Compton-thick absorber alters the observed flux.
MOIRCS Deep Survey. VII. NIR Morphologies of Star-Forming Galaxies at Redshift z 1
Authors: Konishi Masahiro , Akiyama Masayuki , Kajisawa Masaru , Ichikawa Takashi , Suzuki Ryuji , Tokoku Chihiro , Uchimoto Yuka Katsuno , Yoshikawa Tomohiro , Tanaka Ichi , Onodera Masato , Ouchi Masami , Omata Koji , Nishimura Tetsuo , Yamada Toru 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We investigated rest-frame near-infrared (NIR) morphologies of a sample of 139 galaxies with $M_{\mathrm{s}}$ $\geq$ 1 $\times$ 10$^{10}\ M_{\odot}$ at z $=$ 0.8–1.2 in the GOODS-North field using our deep NIR imaging data (MOIRCS Deep Survey, MODS). We focused on Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs), which dominate a high star formation rate (SFR) density at z $\sim $ 1, in a sample identified by cross-correlating with the Spitzer/MIPS 24 $\mu $m source catalog. We performed two-dimensional light profile fimonospaceings of z $\sim $ 1 galaxies in the $K_{\mathrm{s}}$-band (rest-frame $J$-band) with a single-component Sérsic model. We found that at z $\sim $ 1, $\sim $ 90% of the LIRGs have low Sérsic indices ($n$ $\lt$ 2.5, similar to disk-like galaxies) in the $K_{\mathrm{s}}$-band, and that those disk-like LIRGs consist of $\sim $ 60% of the whole disk-like sample above $M_{\mathrm{s}}$ $\geq$ 3 $\times$ 10$^{10}\ M_{\odot}$. The z $\sim $ 1 disk-like LIRGs are comparable to or $\sim $ 20% scer at the maximum in size compared to local disk-like galaxies in the same stellar mass range. When we examined rest-frame UV–optical morphologies using the HST/ACS images, the rest-frame $B$-band sizes of the z $\sim $ 1 disk-like galaxies were found to be comparable to those of the local disk-like galaxies, as reported by previous studies on the size evolution of disk-like galaxies in the rest-frame optical band. By measuring color gradients (galaxy sizes as a function of wavelength) of the z $\sim $ 1 and local disk-like galaxies, we found that the z $\sim $ 1 disk-like galaxies have a 3–5 times steeper color gradient than the local ones. Our results indicate that (i) more than a half of the relatively massive disk-like galaxies at z $\sim $ 1 are in violent star-formation epochs observed as LIRGs, and also (ii) that most of those LIRGs are constructing their fundamental disk structure vigorously. The high SFR density in the universe at z $\sim $ 1 may be dominated by such star formation in the disk region in massive galaxies.
Spectropolarimetry of the Superwind Filaments of the Starburst Galaxy M 82: Kinematics of Dust Outflow
Authors: Yoshida Michitoshi , Kawabata Koji S. , Ohyama Youichi 
Published: February 2014

Spectropolarimetry results for the starburst galaxy M 82 are presented. The optical emission lines of the filaments in the energetic outflow (``superwind'') from the nuclear starburst region of M 82 are substantially polarized. The H$\alpha$ polarization degrees and angles measured by our study are consistent with previous narrowband imaging polarimetry data. The polarized emission lines are redshifted with respect to the emission lines in the total light and systemic motion of the galaxy. The emission line intensity ratios [N II]$/$H$\alpha$ and [S II]$/$H$\alpha$ in the polarized light are similar to those of the nuclear star-forming region. In addition, the electron density $N_{\rm e}$ derived from the [S II]$\lambda$6731$/\lambda$6717 line ratio of the polarized light is $\sim\ $600–1000 cm$^{-3}$ at a distance of more than 1 kpc from the nucleus, whereas the $N_{\rm e}$ derived from the total light are less than 300 cm$^{-3}$. These facts strongly suggest that the emission from the nuclear starburst of M 82 is scattered by dust grains entrained and transported outward by the superwind. A simple hollow biconical outflow model shows that the velocity of the outflowing dust grains, $v_{\rm d}$, ranges from 100 to 200 km s$^{-1}$ near the nucleus, decreases monotonically with the distance from the nucleus, and reaches $\sim\ $10 km s$^{-1}$ at around 1 kpc. The motion of the dust is substantially slower than that of both ionized gas ($v_{{\rm H}\alpha}$ $\sim\ $ 600 km s$^{-1}$) and molecular gas ($v_{\rm CO}$ $\sim\ $ 200 km s$^{-1}$) at the same distance from the nucleus of M 82. This indicates that dust grains in the superwind are kinematically decoupled from both gas components at large radii. Since the dust velocity $v_{\rm d}$ is much less than the escape velocity of M 82 ($v_{\rm esc}$ $\approx$ 170 km s$^{-1}$ at 1.5 kpc from the nucleus), most of the dust entrained by the superwind cannot escape to intergalactic space, and may fall back into the galaxy disk if there is no additional acceleration mechanism (such as radiation pressure).
Diffraction-Limited Subaru Imaging of M 82: Sharp Mid-Infrared View of the Starburst Core*
Authors: Gandhi Poshak , Isobe Naoki , Birkinshaw Mark , Worrall Diana M. , Sakon Itsuki , Iwasawa Kazushi , Bamba Aya 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We present new imaging at 12.81 and 11.7 $\mu$m of the central $\sim$ 40$”$$\times$ 30$”$ ($\sim$ 0.7 kpc $\times$ 0.5 kpc) of the starburst galaxy M 82. The observations were carried out with the COMICS mid-infrared (mid-IR) imager on the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope, and are diffraction-limited at an angular resolution of $\lt$0$″$4. The images show extensive diffuse structures, including a 7-long linear chimneylike feature and another resembling the edges of a ruptured bubble. This is the clearest view to date of the base of the kpc-scale dusty wind known in this galaxy. These structures do not trace back to a single central point, implying multiple ejection sites for the dust. In general, the distribution of dust probed in the mid-IR anticorrelates with the locations of massive star clusters that appear in the near-infrared. The 10–21 $\mu$m mid-IR emission, spatially integrated over the field of view, may be represented by hot dust with temperature of $\sim$ 160 K. Most discrete sources are found to have extended morphologies. Several radio H II regions are identified for the first time in the mid-IR. The only potential radio supernova remnant to have a mid-IR counterpart is a source which has previously also been suggested to be a weak active galactic nucleus. This source has an X-ray counterpart in Chandra data which appears prominently above 3 keV and is best described as a hot ($\sim$ 2.6 keV) absorbed thermal plasma with a 6.7 keV Fe K emission line, in addition to a weaker and cooler thermal component. The mid-IR detection is consistent with the presence of strong [NeII]$\lambda$12.81 $\mu$m line emission. The broad-band source properties are complex, but the X-ray spectra do not support the active galactic nucleus hypothesis. We discuss possible interpretations regarding the nature of this source.
A Possible Tilted Orbit of the Super-Neptune HAT-P-11b
Authors: Hirano Teruyuki , Narita Norio , Shporer Avi , Sato Bun'ei , Aoki Wako , Tamura Motohide 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We report on the detection of the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect for the eccentric, super-Neptune exoplanet HAT-P-11b, based on radial-velocity measurements taken with the High Dispersion Spectrograph mounted on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope, and simultaneous photometry with the LCOGT 2.0 m Faulkes Telescope North, both located in Hawaii. The observed radial velocities during a planetary transit of HAT-P-11b show a persistent blue-shift, suggesting a spin–orbit misalignment in the system. The best-fit value for the projected spin–orbit misalignment angle is ${\lambda}$$=$ 103$^\circ$$_{-18^\circ}^{+22^\circ}$. This fact suggests that not only hot-Jupiters, but also super-Neptunes like HAT-P-11b had once experienced dynamical processes, such as planet–planet scattering or Kozai migration.
A Systematic Review of the Unintended Consequences of Clinical Interventions to Reduce Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Manojlovich Milisa , Lee Soohee , Lauseng Deborah 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This is a systematic review of the literature on unintended consequences of clinical interventions to reduce falls, catheter-related urinary tract infection, and vascular catheter-related infections in hospitalized patients. A systematic search of the literature was conducted in CINAHL and PubMed. We developed a screening tool and a two-stage screening process to identify relevant articles. Nine articles met inclusion criteria, and of those, 8 reported on interventions to reduce patient falls. Four studies reported a positive, unexpected benefit; 3 studies reported a negative, unexpected detriment; and 4 reported a perverse effect (different from what was expected). Three studies reported both positive and perverse effects arising from the intervention. In 4 of the studies, despite fall prevention interventions, patients fell while trying to get to the bathroom, suggesting that interventions to reduce one adverse outcome (i.e., CAUTI) may be associated with another outcome (i.e., patient falls). In some cases, there were positive outcomes for those who implemented and/or evaluated interventions. We encourage colleagues to collect and report data on possible unintended consequences of their interventions to allow a fuller picture of the relationship between intervention and all outcomes to emerge.