bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energieeffizienz in der Vakuumtechnik
Authors: Reichmann Carsten , Kessler Alois , Siegismund Volker 
Published: February 2014

AbstractVakuum wird in den unterschiedlichsten Prozessen an verschiedensten Produkte eingesetzt und ist aus dem täglichen Leben nicht mehr wegzudenken. Die zur Vakuumbereitstellung eingesetzten Pumpen verbrauchen eine teilweise erhebliche Energiemenge und sollten deshalb so effizient wie möglich gebaut und betrieben werden. Um das vorhandene Einsparpotenzial zu erschließen, werden unterschiedliche Verbesserungsmaßnahmen betrachtet und bewertet. Insgesamt könnten damit europaweit jährlich 982 GWh Energie eingespart werden, wovon 629 GWh als wirtschaftlich umsetzbar zu betrachten sind. Die betrachteten Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten betreffen nur die direkte Vakuumerzeugung, Optimierungspotenziale von Basistechnologien (z.B. Antriebe, Steuerung, etc.) werden außer Acht gelassen. Die Ergebnisse werden in einer Energieeinspar‐Potenzialkurve dargestellt und diskutiert.
Substitution of the CdS buffer layer in CIGS thin‐film solar cells
Authors: Witte Wolfram , Spiering Stefanie , Hariskos Dimitrios 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis contribution provides an overview of current activities in the area of alternative buffer layers for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) thin‐film solar cells. Good cell and module results were achieved by replacing the standard Cds buffer with Zn(O,S), In2S3, (Zn,Sn)Oy or (Zn,Mg)O grown by various methods like chemical bath deposition (CBD), thermal evaporation, sputtering, atomic layer deposition, and spray ion layer gas reaction. The “dry” deposition methods like sputtering and thermal evaporation could be favorable in an industrial environment on glass substrates or application in a roll‐to‐roll coater. Significant progress was made within the last two years for various Cd‐free CIGS devices. We list current records for cells with alternative buffers, e. g. Zn(O,S)‐buffered champion cells with efficiencies between 18—20 % and In2S3‐buffered cells with 16—17 %. Both materials have the potential to substitute CdS with efficiencies approaching the 20 % mark already surpassed by CIGS cells with CBD CdS buffers.
Risk factors for severe bacterial infections in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases receiving rituximab
Authors: Heusele Marion , Clerson Pierre , Guery Benoit , Lambert Marc , Launay David , Lefevre Guillaume , Morell-Dubois Sandrine , Maillard Hélène , Le Gouellec Noémie , Hatron Pierre-Yves , Hachulla Eric 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe risk of serious bacterial infectious events (SIEs) after an RTX course used in severe and refractory cases of systemic autoimmune diseases (SAID) is well known. Risk factors for SIEs merit investigation. For this case–control study, data were collected in a single centre of internal medicine and included all patients who received rituximab (RTX) for SAID between 2005 and 2011 (rheumatoid arthritis was excluded). Sixty-nine patients with SAID received a total of 87 RTX courses. Thirteen SIEs were reported in 12 patients leading to death in 5 patients. Patients with a history of SIE were significantly older (63.6 ± 18.8 vs 48.8 ± 16.7; p = 0.0091), suffered most frequently of diabetes mellitus (33.3 % vs 5.3 %, p = 0.015), had a lower CD19 count (1.0 ± 1.2/mm3 vs 3.9 ± 7.2/mm3) and had most frequently a prednisone dose >15 mg/day (91.7 % vs 47.7 %) at the start of the first RTX course. The SIE rate was 18.7 per 100 patient-years. At the initiation of the RTX course, risk factors for SIEs were lower IgG levels (OR = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.77–0.99, p = 0.03), lower CD19 count (OR = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.73–1.00) and creatinine clearance ≤ 45 ml/min (OR = 7.78, 95%CI = 1.36–44.38, p = 0.002). Conversely history of pneumococcal vaccination significantly decreased the risk of SIEs (OR = 0.11, 95%CI = 0.03–0.41, p = 0.0009). Concomitant treatment with prednisone at a dose >15 mg/day significantly increased the SIE risk (OR = 8.07, 95%CI = 1.94–33.59, p = 0.0004). SIEs are frequent in SAID treated with RTX, particularly in patients receiving high-dose corticosteroids, in patients with renal insufficiency and in patients with low IgG levels or a low CD19 count.
Directed modification of the Aspergillus usamii β-mannanase to improve its substrate affinity by in silico design and site-directed mutagenesis
Authors: Li Jianfang , Wei Xihuan , Tang Cunduo , Wang Junqing , Zhao Mei , Pang Qingfeng , Wu Minchen 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
β-Mannanases (EC 3.2.1.78) can catalyze the cleavage of internal β-1,4-d-mannosidic linkages of mannan backbones, and they have found applications in food, feed, pulp and paper, oil, pharmaceutical and textile industries. Suitable amino acid substitution can promote access to the substrate-binding groove and maintain the substrate therein, which probably improves the substrate affinity and, thus, increases catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. In this study, to improve the substrate affinity of AuMan5A, a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 5 β-mannanase from Aspergillus usamii, had its directed modification conducted by in silico design, and followed by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutant genes, Auman5AY111F and Auman5AY115F, were constructed by megaprimer PCR, respectively. Then, Auman5A and its mutant genes were expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 successfully. The specific activities of purified recombinant β-mannanases (reAuMan5A, reAuMan5AY111F and reAuMan5AY115F) towards locust bean gum were 152.5, 199.6 and 218.9 U mg−1, respectively. The two mutants were found to be similar to reAuMan5A regarding temperature and pH characteristics. Nevertheless, the K m values of reAuMan5AY111F and reAuMan5AY115F, towards guar gum, decreased to 2.95 ± 0.22 and 2.39 ± 0.33 mg ml−1 from 4.49 ± 0.07 mg ml−1 of reAuMan5A, which would make reAuMan5AY111F and reAuMan5AY115F promising candidates for industrial processes. Structural analysis showed that the two mutants increased their affinity by decreasing the steric conflicts with those more complicated substrates. The results suggested that subtle conformational modification in the substrate-binding groove could substantially alter the substrate affinity of AuMan5A. This study laid a solid foundation for the directed modification of substrate affinities of β-mannanases and other enzymes.
Pharmacologic inhibition of L‐tyrosine degradation ameliorates cerebral dopamine deficiency in murine phenylketonuria (PKU)
Authors: Harding Cary O. , Winn Shelley R. , Gibson K. Michael , Arning Erland , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Grompe Markus 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMonoamine neurotransmitter deficiency has been implicated in the etiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with chronic hyperphenylalaninemia in phenylketonuria (PKU). Two proposed explanations for neurotransmitter deficiency in PKU include first, that chronically elevated blood L‐phenylalanine (Phe) inhibits the transport of L‐tyrosine (Tyr) and L‐tryptophan (Trp), the substrates for dopamine and serotonin synthesis respectively, into brain. In the second hypothesis, elevated Phe competitively inhibits brain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activities, the rate limiting steps in dopamine and serotonin synthesis. Dietary supplementation with large neutral amino acids (LNAA) including Tyr and Trp has been recommended for individuals with chronically elevated blood Phe in an attempt to restore amino acid and monoamine homeostasis in brain. As a potential alternative treatment approach, we demonstrate that pharmacologic inhibition of Tyr degradation through oral administration of nitisinone (NTBC) yielded sustained increases in blood and brain Tyr, decreased blood and brain Phe, and consequently increased dopamine synthesis in a murine model of PKU. Our results suggest that Phe‐mediated inhibition of TH activity is the likely mechanism of impaired dopamine synthesis in PKU. Pharmacologic inhibition of Tyr degradation may be a promising adjunct therapy for CNS monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency in hyperphenylalaninemic individuals with PKU.
Three strains of Wolbachia pipientis and high rates of infection in Iranian sandfly species
Authors: Bordbar A. , Soleimani S. , Fardid F. , Zolfaghari M.R. , Parvizi P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIndividual wild-caught sandflies from Iran were examined for infections of Wolbachia pipientis by targeting the major surface protein gene wsp of this intracellular α-proteobacterium. In total, 638 male and female sandflies were screened, of which 241 were found to be positive for one of three wsp haplotypes. Regardless of geographical origins and habitats, Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi and other sandfly species were found to be infected with one common, widespread strain of A-group W. pipientis (Turk 54, GenBank accession EU780683; AY288297). In addition, a new A-group haplotype (Turk07, GenBank accession KC576916) was isolated from Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) mongolensis and Phlebotomus (Pa.) caucasicus, and a new B-group haplotype (AZ2331, GenBank accession JX488735) was isolated from Phlebotomus (Larroussius) perfiliewi. Therefore, Wolbachia was found to occur in at least three of the incriminated vectors of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in different geographical regions of Iran. It may provide a new tool for the future control of leishmaniasis.
FRANÇOIS COUPERIN,MORALISTE?
Authors: CEBALLOS SARA GROSS 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAt the turn of the eighteenth century Jean de La Bruyère and many contemporary authors in diverse literary genres undertook intense studies of character that moved beyond popular portraiture to level moral critiques of the social dissimulation rampant in the era. The literary works from François Couperin's personal library and his musical character studies suggest that he too was intrigued with moral issues surrounding character. While musicologists have suggested connections between the character pieces of Couperin and the character studies of La Bruyère, existing comparisons between the two do not explore the moral dimensions of both literary and musical character studies. In this article, I argue that selected musical works from Couperin's four books ofpièces de clavecinparticipated vitally in the moral discourse of the era, taking up similar subject matter to widely read moralistes such as La Bruyère but employing music to articulate social criticism. By making use of the media of music and performance, Couperin's musical portraits extend the scope and power of literary moralism, enlisting musical performance to critique the social performance of false identities.
Between History and Heritage: Post-Colonialism, Globalisation, and the Remaking of Malacca, Penang, and Singapore
Authors: Goh Daniel P.S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe three cities of Malacca, Penang and Singapore share a century-long history as the British Straits Settlements, with similar multicultural traditions and urban morphology of dense shophouse districts. In the post-colonial period, these have been the basis for the production of heritage for urban renewal, civic identity formation, and international tourism. Yet, each city has approached the production of its history as heritage in different ways. The differences have been specified in terms of whether heritage production has been led by the state, market or civil society, and criticised as ideology or ambivalently interpreted as formative of identity in the face of globalisation. As colonial port-cities integrating into or becoming a new nation-state, I argue that the production of heritage in the three cities is driven by the politics of post-colonial identity interacting with the political economy of urban redevelopment. I argue that the production of heritage is one facet in the production of space and an increasingly important one in globalising Asian urbanisms. We can specify the differences in production of heritage space in the three cities in terms of the orientation of imagination and the ends of production. I show that the three city-states have been interpreting its history for heritage production in either Asian or cosmopolitan imaginations and configuring its heritage production for either political identity formation or economic product development, or a mix of both. The differences, I demonstrate, are caused by the differing politics of post-colonial identity and economic development involving the three cities.
Water in the Shaping and Unmaking of Khmer Identity on the Vietnam-Cambodia Frontier
Authors: Taylor Philip 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper attempts an explanation for the persistence of Khmer cultural identifications on the Ca Mau Peninsula of Vietnam. This low-lying peninsula is a unique human environment, where Khmer villages, Buddhist temple festivals and livelihood activities are centred on a network of saline-infested rivers. The presence of Khmer communities along these waterways is noteworthy, for much scholarship suggests that the waterways of the multi-ethnic lower Mekong region tend to be dominated by non-Khmer ethnic groups. The vigorous Khmer presence on the peninsula is even more intriguing given that the peninsula is a migratory and trade oriented region, long under Vietnamese administration and subject to military and environmental upheavals that have challenged Khmer tenure.The paper suggests that mastery of communal water harvesting allowed Khmers to survive the long saline water season and gave them a secure foothold in this region. Additionally, their collaborative water harvesting practices contributed to cohesion and a common identity among Khmers and helped strengthen the Theravada Buddhist wat as one of the key cultural institutions on the peninsula. However, the development of an extensive irrigation network by the Vietnamese state in the last thirty years has had the opposite effect. Canal developments facilitated intensive agriculture, immigration and the introduction of new cultural models into the peninsula, while creating economic and environmental insecurity for Khmers and undercutting the traditional grounds for collaboration. Such changes cast light on the links between ethnic identifications and the system of fresh water provision in the lower Mekong region.
High saturated-fat and low-fibre intake: a comparative analysis of nutrient intake in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes
Authors: Breen C , Ryan M , McNulty B , Gibney M J , Canavan R , O'Shea D 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective:
The aim of dietary modification, as a cornerstone of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management, is to optimise metabolic control and overall health. This study describes food and nutrient intake in a sample of adults with T2DM, and compares this to recommendations, and to intake in age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and social-class matched adults without T2DM.

Design:
A cross-sectional analysis of food and nutrient intake in 124 T2DM individuals (64% male; age 57.4±5.6 years, BMI 32.5±5.8 kg m−2) and 124 adults (age 57.4±7.0 years, BMI 31.2±5.0 kg m−2) with no diabetes (ND) was undertaken using a 4-day semiweighed food diary. Biochemical and anthropometric variables were also measured.

Results:
While reported energy intake was similar in T2DM vs ND (1954 vs 2004 kcal per day, P=0.99), T2DM subjects consumed more total-fat (38.8% vs 35%, P⩽0.001), monounsaturated-fat (13.3% vs 12.2%; P=0.004), polyunsaturated-fat (6.7% vs 5.9%; P<0.001) and protein (18.6% vs 17.5%, P⩽0.01). Both groups exceeded saturated-fat recommendations (14.0% vs 13.8%). T2DM intakes of carbohydrate (39.5% vs 42.9%), non-milk sugar (10.4% vs 15.0%) and fibre (14.4 vs 18.9 g) were significantly lower (P<0.001). Dietary glycaemic load (GL) was also lower in T2DM (120.8 vs 129.2; P=0.02), despite a similar glycaemic index (59.7 vs 60.1; P=0.48). T2DM individuals reported consuming significantly more wholemeal/brown/wholegrain breads, eggs, oils, vegetables, meat/meat products, savoury snacks and soups/sauces and less white breads, breakfast cereals, cakes/buns, full-fat dairy, chocolate, fruit juices, oily fish and alcohol than ND controls.

Conclusion:
Adults with T2DM made different food choices to ND adults. This resulted in a high saturated-fat diet, with a higher total-fat, monounsaturated-fat, polyunsaturated-fat and protein content and a lower GL, carbohydrate, fibre and non-milk sugar content. Dietary education should emphasise and reinforce the importance of higher fibre, fruit, vegetable and wholegrain intake and the substitution of monounsaturated for saturated-fat sources, in energy balanced conditions.
Patterning of graphene microscale structures using electrohydrodynamic atomisation deposition of photoresist moulds
Authors: Wang Dazhi , Ma Qian , Liang Junsheng , Xue Fanghong , Chen Li , Wang Xiaodong , Zhou Xufeng , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: February 2014

In this reported work, a graphene suspension was atomised and deposited using the electrohydrodynamic atomisation technique, enabling the formation of a wide range of graphene thin films. The influences of the atomisation‐substrate distance on the characteristics of the graphene films and their sheet resistances were analysed. A distance of 3 mm was found to be the optimum deposition distance for this graphene suspension to produce an even film and a low sheet resistance. At a lower and a higher working distance the graphene films exhibited a sharp‐angled heave surface behaviour and a high sheet resistance. In addition, electrohydrodynamic atomisation combined with a photolithography polymeric micromoulding technique was used to form graphene structures. After removing the photoresist micromould, the graphene structures remained under well‐arranged characteristics. After two layers of electrohydrodynamic atomisation deposition at a working distance of 3 mm, the thickness of the film was ∼400 nm and exhibited a sheet resistance of 127.5 Ω sq−1 (ohms per square).
Digital control strategy for solar photovoltaic fed inverter to improve power quality
Authors: Albert Alexander S. , Manigandan T. 
Published: February 2014

This paper presents the design of control circuit based on digital logic functions for a solar Photovoltaic (PV) fed Cascaded Multilevel Inverter in order to reduce the number of semiconductor switches and also to improve power quality. The proposed control circuit is used to achieve the maximum number of output voltage levels without the requirement of transformers, boost choppers, and complicated look up tables. The multilevel inverter is implemented with asymmetrical DC sources from solar PV to get 2ns+1-1 levels, where ns is the number of inverter stages. In conventional multilevel inverter, it requires n DC sources or n number of transformers for 2ns + 1 level. Hence to obtain a 15 level inverter, the proposed method requires 12 switches whereas in conventional method it requires 28 switches. The advantage of this method is the reduction of Total Harmonic Distortion in a renewable energy system. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink for various levels of multilevel inverter. The mathematical modeling of the solar panel is also introduced which has the same rating as that of hardware setup. The proposed method is implemented in a 3 kWp solar plant and the performance parameters are measured and compared with the conventional inverters.
Long-Term Effects of Hospital Water Network Disinfection onLegionellaand Other Waterborne Bacteria in an Italian University Hospital
Authors: Casini Beatrice , Buzzigoli Andrea , Cristina Maria Luisa , Spagnolo Anna Maria , Giudice Pietro Del , Brusaferro Silvio , Poscia Andrea , Moscato Umberto , Valentini Paola , Baggiani Angelo , Privitera Gaetano 
Published: February 2014

Objective and Design.Legionellacontrol still remains a critical issue in healthcare settings where the preferred approach to health risk assessment and management is to develop a water safety plan. We report the experience of a university hospital, where a water safety plan has been applied since 2002, and the results obtained with the application of different methods for disinfecting hot water distribution systems in order to provide guidance for the management of water risk.Interventions.The disinfection procedures included continuous chlorination with chlorine dioxide (0.4–0.6 mg/L in recirculation loops) reinforced by endpoint filtration in critical areas and a water treatment based on monochloramine (2-3 mg/L). Real-time polymerase chain reaction and a new immunoseparation and adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence analysis were applied in environmental monitoring.Results.After 9 years, the integrated disinfection-filtration strategy significantly reduced positive sites by 55% and the mean count by 78% (P< .05); however, the high costs and the occurrence of a chlorine-tolerant clone belonging toLegionella pneumophilaST269 prompted us to test a new disinfectant. The shift to monochloramine allowed us to eliminate planktonicLegionellaand did not require additional endpoint filtration; however, nontuberculous mycobacteria were isolated more frequently as long as the monochloramine concentration was 2 mg/L; their cultivability was never regained by increasing the concentration up to 3 mg/L.Conclusions.Any disinfection method needs to be adjusted/fine-tuned in individual hospitals in order to maintain satisfactory results over time, and only a locally adapted evidence-based approach allows assessment of the efficacy and disadvantages of the control measures.
Mobyle SNAP Workbench: a web-based analysis portal for population genetics and evolutionary genomics
Authors: Monacell James T. , Carbone Ignazio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSummary: Previously we developed the stand-alone SNAP Workbench toolkit that integrated a wide array of bioinformatics tools for phylogenetic and population genetic analyses. We have now developed a web-based portal front-end, using the Mobyle portal framework, which executes all of the programs available in the stand-alone SNAP Workbench toolkit on a high-performance Linux cluster. Additionally, we have expanded the selection of programs to over 189 tools, including population genetic, genome assembly and analysis tools, as well as metagenomic and large-scale phylogenetic analyses. The Mobyle SNAP Workbench web portal allows end users to (i) execute and manage otherwise complex command-line programs, (ii) launch multiple exploratory analyses of parameter-rich and computationally intensive methods and (iii) track the sequence of steps and parameters that were used to perform a specific analysis. Analysis pipelines or workflows for population genetic, metagenomic and genome assembly provide automation of data conversion, analysis and graphical visualization for biological inference.Availability: The Mobyle SNAP Workbench portal is freely available online at http://snap.hpc.ncsu.edu/. The XMLs can be downloaded at http://carbonelab.org/system/files/snap_xmls.tgz. Each XML provides links to help files, online documentation and sample data.Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.