bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
»Hilf Dir selbst ...« Selbsthilfe-Initiativen von ehemaligen Kriegsgefangenen im Siedlungsbau der Bundesrepublik in den 1950er und 60er Jahren
Authors: Schwelling Birgit 
Published: October 2012

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht Selbsthilfe-Initiativen von ehemaligen Kriegsgefangenen im Siedlungsbau der Bundesrepublik der 1950er und 60er Jahre aus erfahrungs- und erinnerungsgeschichtlicher Perspektive. Diese Initiativen von Heimkehrern innerhalb des Verbandes der Heimkehrer, Kriegsgefangenen und Vermißtenangehörigen Deutschlands e.V. (VdH) können einerseits als Reaktionen auf die verheerende Wohnungsnot in der frühen Bundesrepublik verstanden werden. Andererseits boten sie jedoch auch einen Raum für die Verarbeitung der Erfahrung der Kriegsgefangenschaft, und dies auf vielfältige Weise. Denn nicht nur die eigenen Erfahrungen in den Kriegsgefangenenlagern wurden im Rahmen dieser Bauaktivitäten bearbeitet, sondern es wurden im Rekurs auf die Zwischenkriegszeit auch Erinnerungen an ein anderes Kriegsende und andere Veteranen (re-)aktiviert. Insofern bietet der Beitrag nicht nur einen Einblick in bisher von der Forschung nicht thematisierte Aktivitäten von Veteranen, sondern ermöglicht auch die Entwicklung einer theoretischen Perspektive, die sich als eine erweiterte Erfahrungs- und Erinnerungsgeschichte des Krieges verstehen lässt.
Influence of Hospital Guidelines on Management of Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia
Authors: Neuman Mark I. , Hall Matt , Hersh Adam L. , Brogan Thomas V. , Parikh Kavita , Newland Jason G. , Blaschke Anne J. , Williams Derek J. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Tyler Amy , Shah Samir S. 
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) assist clinicians in making appropriate diagnostic and treatment decisions based on available evidence. The objective of this study was to describe the availability and content of institutional community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) CPGs, and to evaluate the association between institutional CPGs and care utilization, antibiotic administration, and outcomes among children hospitalized with CAP.

METHODS:
This multicenter retrospective cohort study included children aged 1 to 18 years hospitalized with CAP from July 1, 2009, to June 30, 2011. CPGs from each institution were reviewed to abstract information regarding diagnostic testing and antimicrobial selection. We compared overall and specific utilization patterns, antimicrobial use, and hospital length of stay (LOS) for children with CAP between hospitals with and without CPGs.

RESULTS:
Thirteen (31.7%) of 41 hospitals had an institutional CPG for nonsevere CAP. There was marked heterogeneity among CPGs. Among the 19 710 children hospitalized with CAP, cost of care, hospital LOS, and 14-day readmission rate were not associated with the presence of a CPG. CPGs did not influence ordering patterns for most diagnostic tests, including blood culture and chest radiographs. Penicillin or aminopenicillins were prescribed to 46.3% of children at institutions where a CPG recommended the use of these antibiotics as first-line agents compared with 23.9% of children at institutions without a CPG (odds ratio = 2.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.4–5.5).

CONCLUSIONS:
The availability of a CAP CPG had minimal impact on resource utilization and was not associated with cost or hospital LOS. Institutional CPGs, however, did influence patterns of antimicrobial use.
Organic Foods: Health and Environmental Advantages and Disadvantages
Authors: Forman Joel , Silverstein Janet ,   COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION,   COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, Bhatia Jatinder J. S. , Abrams Steven A. , Corkins Mark R. , de Ferranti Sarah D. , Golden Neville Hylton , Silverstein Janet , Paulson Jerome A. , Brock-Utne Alice Cantwell , Brumberg Heather Lynn , Campbell Carla C. , Lanphear Bruce Perrin , Osterhoudt Kevin C. , Sandel Megan T. , Trasande Leonardo , Wright Robert O. 
Published: October 2012

The US market for organic foods has grown from $3.5 billion in 1996 to $28.6 billion in 2010, according to the Organic Trade Association. Organic products are now sold in specialty stores and conventional supermarkets. Organic products contain numerous marketing claims and terms, only some of which are standardized and regulated.
In terms of health advantages, organic diets have been convincingly demonstrated to expose consumers to fewer pesticides associated with human disease. Organic farming has been demonstrated to have less environmental impact than conventional approaches. However, current evidence does not support any meaningful nutritional benefits or deficits from eating organic compared with conventionally grown foods, and there are no well-powered human studies that directly demonstrate health benefits or disease protection as a result of consuming an organic diet. Studies also have not demonstrated any detrimental or disease-promoting effects from an organic diet. Although organic foods regularly command a significant price premium, well-designed farming studies demonstrate that costs can be competitive and yields comparable to those of conventional farming techniques. Pediatricians should incorporate this evidence when discussing the health and environmental impact of organic foods and organic farming while continuing to encourage all patients and their families to attain optimal nutrition and dietary variety consistent with the US Department of Agriculture’s MyPlate recommendations.
This clinical report reviews the health and environmental issues related to organic food production and consumption. It defines the term “organic,” reviews organic food-labeling standards, describes organic and conventional farming practices, and explores the cost and environmental implications of organic production techniques. It examines the evidence available on nutritional quality and production contaminants in conventionally produced and organic foods. Finally, this report provides guidance for pediatricians to assist them in advising their patients regarding organic and conventionally produced food choices.
Oil and Gas Reserves and Resources Reporting - The Market Rules
Authors: Scott Michael T. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Companies listed on the big six markets (Australia (ASX), Canada (TSX), USA (NYSE), UK (LSE Main Market and AIM), Singapore (SGX Main Market and Catalist) and Hong Kong (HKEx)) all have requirements of some form when it comes to reporting oil and gas reserves and resources. The requirements may be specified by the market rules, the market financial regulators, extra-territorial legislation, accounting standards or standards published by technical societies and are usually supported by Government Legislation. The requirements vary considerably and place very different technical and administration demands on oil and gas companies.
This paper provides an engineer's broad brush overview of the various requirements, provides a comparison to SPE PRMS, makes a qualitative comment on the strength and weakness of the exchange rules and ultimately provides some best practice considerations.
This paper can benefit all listed companies who need to know the rules they are required to comply with, can benefit all unlisted companies by giving them an insight into the types of reporting that investors may typically demand and can benefit petroleum professionals by enabling them to know what they must provide.
Improved Waterflooding and EOR for Lower Permeability Fields
Authors: Fletcher Alistair 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Low permeability reservoirs contain a large volume of the world's oil resource. Often these fields are characterised by low waterflood injectivity, poor sweep and low productivity. A substantial number of these fields are initially, or during production become, fractured. Improved oil recovery and EOR for these fields is an attractive goal, although many conventional EOR applications present major challenges.
We present results on how wettability alteration, together with physical and chemical modifications of the waterflood, can improve oil recovery. From high precision adsorption experiments, together with wettability measurements on model systems, we present conclusions on the inter-relationship of adsorption behaviour and wettability of reservoirs.
Laboratory measurements are presented confirming how:
Wettability can be modified through changes in salinity, hardness and temperature. In waterflooding there is a direct, measurable relationship between wettability (contact angle) and adsorption at the solid / liquid and liquid / liquid interfaces. These inter-relationships can be expressed in basic thermodynamic concepts. Adsorption at solid / liquid interfaces can be directly related to the existence and nature of thin aqueous films in water wet and mixed wet reservoirs. Dynamic effects resulting from brines of different chemical and physical properties can be highly important in terms of displacement efficiency during waterflooding.
We demonstrate the significance of these results for waterflooding and EOR in lower permeability fields. Approaches such as wettability alteration, low salinity (including brine compositional modification) waterflooding, and variation of injection brine temperature all show potential. This is in contrast to more traditional chemical and immiscible gas injection, which are often technically difficult in these fields. We further conclude that these approaches can be beneficially applied fields with substantial fracturing and faulting.
Casing Thermal Stress and Wellhead Growth Behavior Analysis
Authors: Liang Q. Jim 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In high-temperature wells or in high-temperature gas injection wells, casing thermal stress is an important issue that should be considered in well design. Stresses introduced by well temperature changes could be severe and critical, resulting in catastrophic well integrity failure and surface equipment damage if not properly identified.
The problem can be more severe when a high-temperature well is constructed in a cold environment; the temperature increase from the equipment's as-installed condition to operation conditions would be even higher. A deepwater well or arctic area well installed in winter needs special consideration for thermal stress.
A field example in this paper demonstrates a near miss catastrophic well integrity failure. The incident will be analyzed by using a multistring well thermal growth model to calculate casing thermal stress and wellhead growth.
Casing thermal growth and stress is sensitive to the length of free moving casing sections. In this paper casing thermal behavior and wellhead movement will be discussed by analyzing different casing string top of cement (TOC) depths. This paper demonstrates how to minimize thermal force and reduce wellhead thermal growth by optimizing the casing cement level. At given conditions, adjusting surface tension during casing installation can also help counterbalance thermal force. It is important to understand the thermal forces and behavior of all casing strings in a well during its operational life.
Using Dynamic Simulations to Predict and Optimize Cleanup Operation of Horizontal Gas Wells
Authors: Azmi Khairul , Christopher Ogbonna , Jadid Maharon , Yusuf Rahel 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Cleanup operations of gas wells are conducted when the well is kicked off and tested the first time. During cleanup, the drilling and completion fluids come out of the well along with the produced gas and associated liquids. The phenomena is transient in nature and minimum gas rate and time required for cleanup are key questions to be answered before embarking on the cleanup and subsequent well test operation. The knowledge of minimum gas rate and time required for cleanup can assist the engineer in deciding the well test package and make best use of the available time.
In the current study, transient simulations of cleanup and MRT of three horizontal gas wells are conducted using a commercial multiphase transient simulator. Before the actual cleanup operations, simulations were conducted to estimate the cleanup time and to arrive at optimum beanup procedure to achieve best cleanup for a maximum gas rate constraint of 60 MMscf/D which is dictated by the size of well test package. After the cleanup and MRT operations were conducted, the operational data was used to tune the model. It was observed that the predicted temporal variations of gas rate and gauge temperature and pressure from the tuned model were in very good agreement with the measured values. The tuned model was then used to ascertain the degree of cleanup achieved from the actual cleanup and MRT operations and the model predictions showed that except the last 60 metres from the toe, the wells were completely cleaned of completion fluid. The poor cleanup in the last 60 metres was possibly because of 60 MMscf/D gas rate limit imposed by the size of well test package or resulting from poor contribution from the near-toe area.
The study brings forth the significance of dynamic simulations in predicting and history matching gas well clean up operations and how dynamic simulations can provide an insight into the pressure and flow transients during cleanup. The knowledge gained from dynamic simulations can assist the engineer in deciding the well test package for gas wells to be cleaned up and in quantifying the cleanup achieved from an already conducted cleanup operation.
De-Risking A Horizontal Well Through Application of New Deep Directional Resistivity Tool to Equate Seismic Data with Borehole Data
Authors: Jenkins Steve , Sims Andy , Oldham Eleanor , Silcock Simone , Seaton Matt , Spotkaeff Matthew , Viandante Mauro , Mirto Ettore , Nath Aditi , Blasdale Tim , Lepp Becky , Chow Stephanie 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The Nautical Petroleum appraisal well 9/02b-5Z, located in the North Sea, was recently drilled using a new deep directional resistivity tool which enabled the simultaneous real-time mapping of the upper and lower boundaries of a 100+-ft reservoir, over the length of the 2,000-ft horizontal well. This device was of great benefit in both validating the accuracy of the seismic interpretation and tying the borehole acquisition data to the seismic data.
One of the greatest challenges in geosteering is that horizontal wells are planned using a seismic visualization of the reservoir but are drilled using a borehole visualization of the reservoir. There is a large disparity in the resolutions of these two systems. Often, only a vague structural outline can be trusted from the seismic data, necessitating the geosteering process, while even the deepest reading bed boundary mapping tool currently available can only visualize one boundary in anything other than a relatively thin reservoir for referencing back to the seismic data.
The new generation deep directional resistivity tool, currently in field test, has a greatly enhanced depth of investigation coupled with the ability to detect multiple boundaries in any direction, allowing for the marriage in real time of the seismic and the borehole data and leading to more effective and productive drilling of horizontal wells.
This paper will describe the Nautical Petroleum 9/02b-5Z case study and will detail how this data was used both in the post-well evaluation of the overall reservoir structure and in the real-time application of the data in significantly reducing the risk associated with the placement of the borehole.
High-Strength, Low-Density Cement Pumped On-the-Fly using Volumetric Mixing Achieves Cement to Surface in Heavy Loss Coal Seam Gas Field
Authors: Tan Brendon , Lang Matthew , Harshad Devin 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
One of the greatest challenges with respect to coal seam gas (CSG) wells in Queensland, Australia is the many loss zones encountered during drilling and cementing operations. Typical directional wells in the area are up to 2000 m measured depth (MD) and 1200 m true vertical depth (TVD). In some instances production enhancement by fracture stimulation is required and therefore high-strength cement is necessary while maintaining the lowest possible pressure on the formation and natural fractures.
A trial was setup on a directional well pad where various methods of returning cement to surface were attempted. All three wells had similar well design, expected losses, and drilling times. The first well was unsuccessful and no cement was returned back inside the previous surface casing shoe. With the addition of a reactive spacer and more excess volume, cement inside the previous casing shoe was achieved on the second well. Both wells used standard 12-lbm/gal slurries. The third and final well on the pad required a step-change in the cement job design to achieve cement to surface.
The most successful cementing job was achieved on the third well by redesigning the slurry to a lower density of 11 lbm/gal, without compromising set times, thixotropic properties, and high compressive strength. To improve equivalent circulating densities (ECD), the new slurry was designed with lower rheology. The slurry's low solids-to-water ratio (SWR) and large slurry volume, which precluded batch mixing, required the job to be mixed and pumped on-the-fly using an automated volumetric mixing system rather than using density mixing.
This paper discusses the job preparation and technical details involving how the 11-lbm/gal cement slurry achieved a successful production casing cement job with returns to surface. With similar successes demonstrated on subsequent wells, this case history set a new standard in the field.
Evaluate Field Development Option, Production Optimization Scenarios and Analysis of Surface Network Upgrading Phases of Abu-Attifel
Authors: Ali Algdamsi Hossein , Ali Misherghi Nasser , Ganib Hussein , Zeglam Adel , Jallul Hassan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Most of the mature field surface networks suffer from the back pressure applied on the wellheads. An extra pressure in front of the influent fluids should be overcome to handle the fluids to the final destination gathering point. This paper presents de-bottlenecking of Abu Attifel surface network and the solution proposed during production optimization phases. To capture the performance of Abu Attifel field wells, sixty wells single branch model were built using nodal analysis technique. All thes wells were connected together to present the total field network. The network model consists of two different pressure systems. Low pressure system, which are 7 wells connected directly to the second stage separator, the remaining 53 wells are connected to the first stage separator operating at higher pressure. The network model was calibrated and matched globally through tuning of pipeline roughness and compared with the pressure measuring points at the gathering manifolds. As a result, reasonable match was obtained with 2% difference between actual and model calculated flow rates. All gathering points and well headers were matched with the available pressure and flow rate measurements. This validated network provided a valuable tool to evaluate, optimize and enable enhancement of the oil production. It defined several solutions to increase oil production such as converting some wells to the lower pressure separator, and the visibility to install two multiphase booster pumps in the flow line.
Demonstrating Adequate Management of Risks: The Move from Quantitative to Qualitative Risk Assessments
Authors: Bower-White Graham 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This paper will demonstrate that the use of quantitative risk analysis (QRA) has limitations and does not, in isolation, demonstrate adequate management of risks. The only way to demonstrate that risks are being appropriately managed is to identify all hazards; understand the level of risk; identify all prevention, control and mitigation barriers; and then demonstrate that those barriers are adequate and effective in managing that risk to a level that is as low as reasonably practicable.
This paper is applicable to all process industries and, in particular, those industries operating under the jurisdiction of NOPSEMA in Australia. Under the OPGGS Act we have a legal obligation to demonstrate that we are managing risk to levels that are demonstrably ALARP.
In summary this paper will show that QRA has its place in demonstrating adequate management of risks; however, it should not be used in isolation. Having a QRA conducted can sometimes provide a false sense of security that risk is being managed. The UKOOA Risk-based Decision Making Framework is a useful tool in demonstrating the small part that QRA plays in managing risk. The answer to managing risk effectively lies in demonstrating that adequate and effective controls are in place. Not only do we need to identify the controls that are required to manage risk effectively, we also need to demonstrate that those controls are actually in place, are performing as they should and that competent people have confirmed that this is the case.
In the process industry, post-Macondo & Montara, it is essential that operators move away from just demonstrating that they understand the level of risk that personnel and the environment are exposed to. We all need to move towards demonstrating that we have adequate and effective barriers and controls in place to manage that risk effectively.
Permeability Increase in Bowen Basin Coal as a Result of Matrix Shrinkage during Primary Depletion
Authors: Scott M. , Mazumder S. , Jiang Jessica 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Matrix shrinkage in coal-seam gas reservoirs as a result of production, and the resultant impact on absolute permeability, is a current area of intense interest. A number of publications have documented the existence of this phenomenon. The exponential growth behaviour of coal seam permeability with reservoir pressure depletion has been observed previously at the Fairway wells in the San Juan basin. More recently, an exponential trend has also been confirmed for a group of 10 wells in a region northeast of Fairway. An increase in the absolute permeability of coal seam is a result of matrix shrinkage caused by gas desorption, which becomes a dominant factor on cleat permeability over the effective horizontal stress change during production. Bottom hole pressure recovery during shut-in periods can provide valuable data concerning the impact of coal seam gas production on reservoir permeability. Arrow Energy's historical production data, from the MGP field in the Bowen Basin, contains over 60 instances of data on pressure recovery during shut-in. These Time lapse Build-up periods have been analysed using the pseudo-pressure method (Kamal and Six, 1991) in an effort to gain an understanding of the extent and effect of this phenomenon within the company's existing assets. The method is based on a pseudo pressure function that uses the adsorption isotherm and the relative permeability relations of the reservoir. The infinite acting radial flow regime was identified and the gradient was recorded on a semi log plot of the pseudo pressure versus dimensionless time. Results from these tests show multi fold increase in absolute permeability as a function of the estimated reservoir pressure.