bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary Access and Perfusion Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The Effects of Relative Coronary Ostium Positioning
Authors: Bielecki Michael , Belding Samuel , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the goal of commissural alignment becoming a major goal with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) becoming more prevalent, the native positionings of the coronary ostia and aortic valve cusps should be considered in the pre-procedural planning. Coronary access and perfusion post-TAVR are paramount to a patient's long-term outcomes with such procedures. In certain cases of unsymmetrical coronary cusps, commissural alignment may still leave a particularly eccentric coronary, that lays close to the native commissure of the valve, which is then susceptible to coronary obstruction. The Visible Heart® Laboratories have access to over 600 human heart specimens that have been used to analyze the native positionings of the coronary ostia. These specimens have been micro-CT scanned to make 3D-computational models with resolutions ranging from 80-100 microns. Additionally, reanimated swine hearts have been utilized to assess the relative effects of TAVR on coronary perfusion and access in living tissues. To do so, coronary pressure wires have been placed in these swine hearts before and after TAVR to assess how the coronary position could affect coronary perfusion following TAVR. The data collected here should be an educational aid to those performing such procedures as well as those developing the technologies to do so.
Rapid Thermal Control of Liquids (Realcool) Design and Testing for Heating and Cooling Milk
Authors: Hannon Nadia , Mehrabi Melika , Rylander Marissa Nichole , McGuire Michelle , McGuire Mark , Rylander Chris 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
RealCooL is a device that can rapidly modify the temperature of many liquids to a desired target value. Extensive interviews revealed that there is a need for a device that can rapidly cool or heat liquids, specifically for the use of rewarming or chilling human milk for babies. Commercially available devices such as freezers or baby bottle warmers provide slow rates of chilling and lack the ability for temperature control of the milk. The heating and cooling rates of RealCooL were compared to two commercially available devices: a standard LG freezer for cooling and a Thermo Fisher water bath for heating. Bovine milk was used to simulate human milk in these experiments. Results indicate that RealCooL results in a 6-fold higher cooling rate and a 45-fold higher warming rate compared to commercial devices. Next steps include examination of whether RealCooL affects nutritive and biologically active components in human milk and determination of optimal cooling and heating rates for HM.
Development of a Self-Powered Sensory Neuroprosthesis with Pneumatic Actuators
Authors: Campos Bianca , Schoeppner Mollie , Trader William , Arena Sara , Arena Christopher B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy results from damage to the nerves in the peripheral nervous system [1] and can cause loss of feeling or numbness in the hands and feet [2]. This leads to several challenges, including difficulty walking. Our goal was to create a device that gives sensory feedback during gait to a portion of the limb that still has sensation and ultimately reduces the chance of trips and falls. Additional constraints were placed on the system being cost-effective and easy to use. We have composed a device using a closed, human-actuated air bladder system. An underfoot input air bladder compresses during walking, which in turn, inflates an air bladder on the leg that stimulates sensory nerves. To test the device, an Instron was used to apply a load to the input bladder, and the force generated by an output bladder was measured on a mannequin leg. Four devices were evaluated in total, with two different output bladder designs and two different fluid connection systems between the bladders. It was found that both output bladder designs were effective and the connection system consisting of polyurethane tubing was superior in translating the input force onto the leg. This design also had the fastest force release, which could prove beneficial during the naturally cyclical process of walking.
Open-Source Accelerometer-Based Device and Data Analysis for Precision Monitoring of Sleep Apnea Events
Authors: Khan Faizaan , Rashidi Keyvon , Dongre Roshan , Razmi Samuel E. , Shenoi Jason , Ahmed Omar G. , Takashima Masayoshi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background: Sleep apnea, encompassing obstructive, central, and complex forms, significantly impacts global health, affecting a broad segment of the population. This condition can lead to serious cardiovascular and neurological damage due to recurrent hypoxia. Despite its prevalence, many individuals remain undiagnosed, partly due to the absence of accessible and accurate screening tools.
Objective: To record and quantify sleep events in patients with an accelerometer that will be placed on the sternal notch.
Method: A Python algorithm was developed to collect data from an open-source biosensor which was displaced 6 consecutive times across 20 trials along the y-axis to mimic movement along the anteroposterior axis. This algorithm then processed the data and displayed the results in a user interface, allowing for simple determination of OSA events with timestamps for reference along with plotting.
Results: The system demonstrated 100% accuracy, consistently identifying all six disruptions per trial with no false detections despite the variability in displacements.
Conclusion: This study validates the potential of an advanced monitoring system in diagnosing and understanding sleep apnea, proposing a promising avenue for improving patient care through precise detection and analysis.
Flexible Precision: Design and Testing of a Snake-Inspired Robotic Arm for Large Organ and Tissue Retraction During Robot-Assisted Surgery
Authors: Alias Basil P. , Bageshwar Raaghav 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the realm of robot-assisted surgery, maneuverability in confined spaces remains a critical challenge. This paper presents the development of a snake-like robotic arm designed specifically for large organ and tissue retraction during minimally invasive surgeries. Emulating the flexible movements of a snake, the robotic arm aims to push the boundaries of current surgical robots. Key objectives include compatibility with existing minimally invasive ports, capacity to hold up to 2 pounds of tissue without deformation, axial stability under 10N force at full extension, compatibility with articulate-by-wire robotic systems, and a minimum of 4 degrees of freedom.
The design and construction involve three segments: the base attachment, middle links, and the end manipulator. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) validates the design and demonstrates the device’s ability to handle up to 10N before the onset of deformation. The arm, manufactured using stereolithography printing, handled 2 lbs (~10N) of distal-segment load thus providing real-world evidence to reinforce the FEA data. The actuation base, powered by high-torque servo motors controlled by a separate control module, provides precise and responsive movement. Extensive testing, both in simulated computational environments and physical stress tests, demonstrates the arm's proficiency in handling surgical tasks within minimally invasive procedures.
Coupling and Crosstalk Challenges for Garment-Based Sensor Characterization: Sensing Knee Valgus Using a Stitched Strain Sensor with Anchoring
Authors: Beaudette Eric , Tompkins Marc , Dunne Lucy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Valgus angles during knee movements are a measure of interest both for rehabilitation and injury prevention applications. Soft, garment-like movement-sensing devices can improve patient experience with enhanced donning and comfort while supporting rehabilitation regimens and collecting valuable recovery metrics. However, textile-based sensing is generally less accurate than traditional methods for measuring joint angles.
This study (n=3 participants) tested medial knee sensor responses during optical motion capture with prototype variants with and without circumferential anchors. Test participants performed non-valgus and valgus-induced squats. Correlation coefficients and regression were used to understand the relationships between knee valgus and sensor responses. Findings included mixed effects from anchoring, affected by participant and type of squat. Crosstalk from large flexion angles could be a primary contributor to the variability in medial sensor response. The ability to effectively sense and disambiguate these out-of-plane rotational effects remains a primary challenge for sensing complex movements with garment-integrated textile sensors.
Design and Analysis of a Semi-Robotic Tool Support System for Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Fournelis Nicolette , Song Sang-Eun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Laparoscopy is a surgical method that involves the use of several tools inserted into the body through small incisions, and a small camera to provide visualization of the surgical field. This method allows for decreased risk of infection, rapid healing time, and reduced scarring of the incision sites. Currently, the most advanced form of this technique is robotic laparoscopic surgery, where a robot controlled by a surgeon. While very precise, this system is very expensive and requires special facilities, therefore, undesirable for smaller hospitals to implement. Thus, an intermediary device that bridges the gap between traditional laparoscopic surgery and robotic laparoscopic surgery, while remaining cost effective and practical, could be a solution.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Turkish Young Children
Authors: Yaren Kırcı Neslişah , Çağlar Emine , Karabulut Erdem , Boz Menekşe , Demirhan Gıyasettin , Karaca Ayda 
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the pictorial scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Turkish children. A total of 255 children aged 5–10 years (131 girls and 124 boys) participated in this study. One week later, a random subsample (n = 40) was implemented the scale again for test–retest reliability. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis to test the construct validity of the Turkish version of the scale and calculated the omega (ω) internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to ascertain reliabilities of the subscales. The confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit index values for the model with 13 items indicating a similar factor structure to the original scale’s two-factor structure (χ2/df = 1.56; root mean square error of approximation  = .048; Tucker–Lewis index  = .97; comparative-fit index  = .97). The test–retest reliabilities were excellent for the perceived locomotor (ICC = .95) and object control (ICC = .93) skills. An adequate internal consistency coefficient was found for locomotor (ω = 0.69) and object control (ω = 0.82) skills. Subsequent analyses supported the construct, metric, partial scalar and strict invariance of responses to the scale as a function of sex. Overall, the pictorial scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence has acceptable psychometric properties and can be confidently used in research or practice to assess Turkish children’s perceived movement skill competence.
DDX RNA helicases: key players in cellular homeostasis and innate antiviral immunity
Authors: Tapescu Iulia , Cherry Sara 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

RNA helicases are integral in RNA metabolism, performing important roles in cellular homeostasis and stress responses. In particular, the DExD/H-box (DDX) helicase family possesses a conserved catalytic core that binds structural features rather than specific sequences in RNA targets. DDXs have critical roles in all aspects of RNA metabolism including ribosome biogenesis, translation, RNA export, and RNA stability. Importantly, functional specialization within this family arises from divergent N and C termini and is driven at least in part by gene duplications with 18 of the 42 human helicases having paralogs. In addition to their key roles in the homeostatic control of cellular RNA, these factors have critical roles in RNA virus infection. The canonical RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) play pivotal roles in cytoplasmic sensing of viral RNA structures, inducing antiviral gene expression. Additional RNA helicases function as viral sensors or regulators, further diversifying the innate immune defense arsenal. Moreover, some of these helicases have been coopted by viruses to facilitate their replication. Altogether, DDX helicases exhibit functional specificity, playing intricate roles in RNA metabolism and host defense. This review will discuss the mechanisms by which these RNA helicases recognize diverse RNA structures in cellular and viral RNAs, and how this impacts RNA processing and innate immune responses.
Development of an intestinal mucosa
ex vivo
co-culture model to study viral infections
Authors: Barreto-Duran Emilia , Synowiec Aleksandra , Szczepański Artur , Gałuszka-Bulaga Adrianna , Węglarczyk Kazimierz , Baj-Krzyworzeka Monika , Siedlar Maciej , Bochenek Michał , Dufva Martin , Dogan Asli Aybike , Lenart Marzena , Pyrc Krzysztof 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Studying viral infections necessitates well-designed cell culture models to deepen our understanding of diseases and develop effective treatments. In this study, we present a readily available
ex vivo
3D co-culture model replicating the human intestinal mucosa. The model combines fully differentiated human intestinal epithelium (HIE) with human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) and faithfully mirrors the
in vivo
structural and organizational properties of intestinal mucosal tissues. Specifically, it mimics the lamina propria, basement membrane, and the air-exposed epithelial layer, enabling the pioneering observation of macrophage migration through the tissue to the site of viral infection. In this study, we applied the HIE-hMDMs model for the first time in viral infection studies, infecting the model with two globally significant viruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human norovirus GII.4. The results demonstrate the model’s capability to support the replication of both viruses and show the antiviral role of macrophages, determined by their migration to the infection site and subsequent direct contact with infected epithelial cells. In addition, we evaluated the production of cytokines and chemokines in the intestinal niche, observing an increased interleukin-8 production during infection. A parallel comparison using a classical
in vitro
cell line model comprising Caco-2 and THP-1 cells for SARS-CoV-2 experiments confirmed the utility of the HIE-hMDMs model in viral infection studies. Our data show that the
ex vivo
tissue models hold important implications for advances in virology research.

IMPORTANCE

The fabrication of intricate
ex vivo
tissue models holds important implications for advances in virology research. The co-culture model presented here provides distinct spatial and functional attributes not found in simplified models, enabling the evaluation of macrophage dynamics under severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and human norovirus (HuNoV) infections in the intestine. Moreover, these models, comprised solely of primary cells, facilitate the study of difficult-to-replicate viruses such as HuNoV, which cannot be studied in cell line models, and offer the opportunity for personalized treatment evaluations using patient cells. Similar co-cultures have been established for the study of bacterial infections and different characteristics of the intestinal tissue. However, to the best of our knowledge, a similar intestinal model for the study of viral infections has not been published before.
Endogenous nege-like viral elements in arthropod genomes reveal virus–host coevolution and ancient history of two plant virus families
Authors: Lu Gang , Ye Zhuang-Xin , Qi Yu-Hua , Lu Jia-Bao , Mao Qian-Zhuo , Zhuo Ji-Chong , Huang Hai-Jian , He Yu-Juan , Li Yi-Yuan , Xu Zhong-Tian , Chen Jian-Ping , Zhang Chuan-Xi , Li Jun-Min 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Negevirus is a recently proposed taxon of arthropod-infecting virus, which is associated with plant viruses of two families (
Virgaviridae
and
Kitaviridae
). Nevertheless, the evolutionary history of negevirus–host and its relationship with plant viruses remain poorly understood. Endogenous nege-like viral elements (ENVEs) are ancient nege-like viral sequences integrated into the arthropod genomes, which can serve as the molecular fossil records of previous viral infection. In this study, 292 ENVEs were identified in 150 published arthropod genomes, revealing the evolutionary history of nege-like viruses and two related plant virus families. We discovered three novel and eight strains of nege-like viruses in 11 aphid species. Further analysis indicated that 10 ENVEs were detected in six aphid genomes, and they were divided into four types (ENVE1-ENVE4). Orthologous integration and phylogenetic analyses revealed that nege-like viruses had a history of infection of over 60 My and coexisted with aphid ancestors throughout the Cenozoic Era. Moreover, two nege-like viral proteins (CP and SP24) were highly homologous to those of plant viruses in the families
Virgaviridae
and
Kitaviridae
. CP- and SP24-derived ENVEs were widely integrated into numerous arthropod genomes. These results demonstrate that nege-like viruses have a long-term coexistence with arthropod hosts and plant viruses of the two families,
Virgaviridae
and
Kitaviridae
, which may have evolved from the nege-like virus ancestor through horizontal virus transfer events. These findings broaden our perspective on the history of viral infection in arthropods and the origins of plant viruses.

IMPORTANCE

Although negevirus is phylogenetically related to plant virus, the evolutionary history of negevirus–host and its relationship with plant virus remain largely unknown. In this study, we used endogenous nege-like viral elements (ENVEs) as the molecular fossil records to investigate the history of nege-like viral infection in arthropod hosts and the evolution of two related plant virus families (
Virgaviridae
and
Kitaviridae
). Our results showed the infection of nege-like viruses for over 60 My during the arthropod evolution. ENVEs highly homologous to viral sequences in
Virgaviridae
and
Kitaviridae
were present in a wide range of arthropod genomes but were absent in plant genomes, indicating that plant viruses in these two families possibly evolved from the nege-like virus ancestor through cross-species horizontal virus transmission. Our findings provide a new perspective on the virus–host coevolution and the origins of plant viruses.
Loopy virus or controlled contortionist? 3D regulation of HCMV gene expression by CTCF-driven chromatin interactions
Authors: Groves Ian J. , O’Connor Christine M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Three-dimensional chromatin control of eukaryotic transcription is pivotal for regulating gene expression. This additional layer of epigenetic regulation is also utilized by DNA viruses, including herpesviruses. Dynamic, spatial genomic organization often involves looping of chromatin anchored by host-encoded CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and other factors, which control crosstalk between promoters and enhancers. Herein, we review the contribution of CTCF-mediated looping in regulating transcription during herpesvirus infection, with a specific focus on the betaherpesvirus, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV).
UBE3C restricts EV-A71 replication by ubiquitination-dependent degradation of 2C
Authors: Cui Boming , Yang Ge , Yan Haiyan , Wu Shuo , Wang Kun , Wang Huiqiang , Li Yuhuan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Ubiquitin modification of viral proteins to degrade or regulate their function is one of the strategies of the host to resist viral infection. Here, we report that ubiquitin protein ligase E3C (UBE3C), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, displayed inhibitory effects on EV-A71 replication. UBE3C knockdown resulted in increased viral protein levels and virus titers, whereas overexpression of UBE3C reduced EV-A71 replication. To explore the mechanism by which UBE3C affected EV-A71 infection, we found that the C-terminal of UBE3C bound to 2C protein and facilitated K33/K48-linked ubiquitination degradation of 2C K268. Moreover, UBE3C lost its ability to degrade 2C K268R and had a diminished inhibitory impact against the replication of recombinant EV-A71-FY-2C K268R. In addition, UBE3C also promoted ubiquitination degradation of the 2C protein of CVB3 and CVA16 and inhibited viral replication. Thus, our findings reveal a novel mechanism that UBE3C acts as an enterovirus host restriction factor, including EV-A71, by targeting the 2C protein.

IMPORTANCE

The highly conserved 2C protein of EV-A71 is a multifunctional protein and plays a key role in the replication cycle. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that UBE3C promoted the degradation of 2C K268
via
K33/K48-linked ubiquitination, thereby inhibiting viral proliferation. Our findings advance the knowledge related to the roles of 2C in EV-A71 virulence and the ubiquitination pathway in the host restriction of EV-A71 infection.
Guanylate-binding protein 5 antagonizes viral glycoproteins independently of furin processing
Authors: Veler Hana , Lun Cheng Man , Waheed Abdul A. , Freed Eric O. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Guanylate-binding protein (GBP) 5 is an interferon-inducible cellular factor with broad anti-viral activity. Recently, GBP5 has been shown to antagonize the glycoproteins of a number of enveloped viruses, in part by disrupting the host enzyme furin. Here we show that GBP5 strongly impairs the infectivity of virus particles bearing not only viral glycoproteins that depend on furin cleavage for infectivity—the envelope (Env) glycoproteins of HIV-1 and murine leukemia virus and the spike (S) glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—but also viral glycoproteins that do not depend on furin cleavage: vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein and SARS-CoV S. We observe that GBP5 disrupts proper
N
-linked protein glycosylation and reduces the incorporation of viral glycoproteins into virus particles. The glycosylation of the cellular protein CD4 is also altered by GBP5 expression. Flow cytometry analysis shows that GBP5 expression reduces the cell-surface levels of HIV-1 Env and the S glycoproteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Our data demonstrate that, under the experimental conditions used, inhibition of furin-mediated glycoprotein cleavage is not the primary anti-viral mechanism of action of GBP5. Rather, the antagonism appears to be related to impaired trafficking of glycoproteins to the plasma membrane. These results provide novel insights into the broad antagonism of viral glycoprotein function by the cellular host innate immune response.

IMPORTANCE
The surface of enveloped viruses contains viral envelope glycoproteins, an important structural component facilitating virus attachment and entry while also acting as targets for the host adaptive immune system. In this study, we show that expression of GBP5 in virus-producer cells alters the glycosylation, cell-surface expression, and virion incorporation of viral glycoproteins across several virus families. This research provides novel insights into the broad impact of the host cell anti-viral factor GBP5 on protein glycosylation and trafficking.