bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mTORC1 Maintains the Tumorigenicity of SSEA-4+ High-Grade Osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhang Wu , Ding Meng-Lei , Zhang Jia-Nian , Qiu Jian-Ru , Shen Yu-Hui , Ding Xiao-Yi , Deng Lian-Fu , Zhang Wei-Bin , Zhu Jiang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInactivation of p53 and/or Rb pathways restrains osteoblasts from cell-cycle exit and terminal differentiation, which underpins osteosarcoma formation coupled with dedifferentiation. Recently, the level of p-S6K was shown to independently predict the prognosis for osteosarcomas, while the reason behind this is not understood. Here we show that in certain high-grade osteosarcomas, immature SSEA-4+ tumor cells represent a subset of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) whose pool size is maintained by mTORC1 activity. mTORC1 supports not only SSEA-4+ cell self-renewal through S6K but also the regeneration of SSEA-4+ TICs by SSEA-4− osteosarcoma cell dedifferentiation. Mechanistically, active mTORC1 is required to prevent a likely upregulation of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27 independently of p53 or Rb activation, which otherwise effectively drives the terminal differentiation of SSEA-4− osteosarcoma cells at the expense of dedifferentiation. Thus, mTORC1 is shown to critically regulate the retention of tumorigenicity versus differentiation in discrete differentiation phases in SSEA-4+ TICs and their progeny.
Current rectifying and resistive switching in high density BiFeO3 nanocapacitor arrays on Nb-SrTiO3 substrates
Authors: Zhao Lina , Lu Zengxing , Zhang Fengyuan , Tian Guo , Song Xiao , Li Zhongwen , Huang Kangrong , Zhang Zhang , Qin Minghui , SujuanWu  , Lu Xubing , Zeng Min , Gao Xingsen , Dai Jiyan , Liu Jun-Ming 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUltrahigh density well-registered oxide nanocapacitors are very essential for large scale integrated microelectronic devices. We report the fabrication of well-ordered multiferroic BiFeO3nanocapacitor arrays by a combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method and anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template method. The capacitor cells consist of BiFeO3/SrRuO3(BFO/SRO) heterostructural nanodots on conductive Nb-doped SrTiO3(Nb-STO) substrates with a lateral size of ~60 nm. These capacitors also show reversible polarization domain structures and well-established piezoresponse hysteresis loops. Moreover, apparent current-rectification and resistive switching behaviors were identified in these nanocapacitor cells using conductive-AFM technique, which are attributed to the polarization modulatedp-njunctions. These make it possible to utilize these nanocapacitors in high-density (>100 Gbit/inch2) nonvolatile memories and other oxide nanoelectronic devices.
Small Molecule Ice Recrystallization Inhibitors Enable Freezing of Human Red Blood Cells with Reduced Glycerol Concentrations
Authors: Capicciotti Chantelle J. , Kurach Jayme D. R. , Turner Tracey R. , Mancini Ross S. , Acker Jason P. , Ben Robert N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn North America, red blood cells (RBCs) are cryopreserved in a clinical setting using high glycerol concentrations (40% w/v) with slow cooling rates (~1°C/min) prior to storage at −80°C, while European protocols use reduced glycerol concentrations with rapid freezing rates. After thawing and prior to transfusion, glycerol must be removed to avoid intravascular hemolysis. This is a time consuming process requiring specialized equipment. Small molecule ice recrystallization inhibitors (IRIs) such as β-PMP-Glc and β-pBrPh-Glc have the ability to prevent ice recrystallization, a process that contributes to cellular injury and decreased cell viability after cryopreservation. Herein, we report that addition of 110 mM β-PMP-Glc or 30 mM β-pBrPh-Glc to a 15% glycerol solution increases post-thaw RBC integrity by 30-50% using slow cooling rates and emphasize the potential of small molecule IRIs for the preservation of cells.
Macroscopic and Macromolecular Specificity of Alkylphenol Anesthetics for Neuronal Substrates
Authors: Weiser Brian P. , Hall Michael A. , Weinbren Nathan L. , Woll Kellie A. , Dailey William P. , Eckenhoff Maryellen F. , Eckenhoff Roderic G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe used a photoactive general anesthetic called meta-azi-propofol (AziPm) to test the selectivity and specificity of alkylphenol anesthetic binding in mammalian brain. Photolabeling of rat brain sections with [3H]AziPm revealed widespread but heterogeneous ligand distribution, with [3H]AziPm preferentially binding to synapse-dense areas compared to areas composed largely of cell bodies or myelin. With [3H]AziPm and propofol, we determined that alkylphenol general anesthetics bind selectively and specifically to multiple synaptic protein targets. In contrast, the alkylphenol anesthetics do not bind to specific sites on abundant phospholipids or cholesterol, although [3H]AziPm shows selectivity for photolabeling phosphatidylethanolamines. Together, our experiments suggest that alkylphenol anesthetic substrates are widespread in number and distribution, similar to those of volatile general anesthetics and that multi-target mechanisms likely underlie their pharmacology.
Polymer-Derived Ceramic Functionalized MoS2 Composite Paper as a Stable Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode
Authors: David L. , Bhandavat R. , Barrera U. , Singh G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA facile process is demonstrated for the synthesis of layered SiCN-MoS2 structure via pyrolysis of polysilazane functionalized MoS2 flakes. The layered morphology and polymer to ceramic transformation on MoS2 surfaces was confirmed by use of electron microscopy and spectroscopic techniques. Tested as thick film electrode in a Li-ion battery half-cell, SiCN-MoS2 showed the classical three-stage reaction with improved cycling stability and capacity retention than neat MoS2. Contribution of conversion reaction of Li/MoS2 system on overall capacity was marginally affected by the presence of SiCN while Li-irreversibility arising from electrolyte decomposition was greatly suppressed. This is understood as one of the reasons for decreased first cycle loss and increased capacity retention. SiCN-MoS2 in the form of self-supporting paper electrode (at 6 mg·cm−2) exhibited even better performance, regaining initial charge capacity of approximately 530 mAh·g−1 when the current density returned to 100 mA·g−1 after continuous cycling at 2400 mA·g−1 (192 mAh·g−1). MoS2 cycled electrode showed mud-cracks and film delamination whereas SiCN-MoS2 electrodes were intact and covered with a uniform solid electrolyte interphase coating. Taken together, our results suggest that molecular level interfacing with precursor–derived SiCN is an effective strategy for suppressing the metal-sulfide/electrolyte degradation reaction at low discharge potentials.
Le génome intime… et en trois dimensions
Authors: Umlauf David 
Published: April 2015

Au cours de la dernière décennie, les différentes techniques dites de capture de la conformation des chromosomes (3C) ont accéléré notre compréhension de l’architecture nucléaire des cellules eucaryotes. Couplées aux technologies de séquençage à haut débit et aux traitements bio-informatiques, elles ont révélé différents niveaux d’organisation du génome à une échelle sans précédent. Il est maintenant possible d’appliquer ces techniques à l’étude d’une cellule unique, afin de déterminer les propriétés de repliement des chromosomes et de comprendre comment ces derniers interagissent les uns avec les autres. Ces résultats vont au-delà de ce qui était connu et démontrent la puissance des approches de type 3C.
Migratory Characteristics and Passage of Paddlefishat Two Southeastern U.S. Lock‐and‐Dam Systems
Authors: Simcox Brandon L. , DeVries Dennis R. , Wright Russell A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDams have many effects on river systems, including impeding the migratory movements of fishes. However, locks associated with lock‐and‐dam structures may be useful for passing fish during their migrations. We investigated the potential to facilitate fish passage at dams through two navigational lock structures on the Alabama River, Alabama—Millers Ferry Lock and Dam (L&D) and Claiborne L&D—using targeted, nonnavigational lock operations. The movements of Paddlefish Polyodon spathula with implanted ultrasonic tags and/or radio tags were tracked via both manual receivers and submersible ultrasonic receivers (SURs) deployed inside of the lock chambers and above and below each dam to quantify migration characteristics and determine whether fish passage occurred. We tagged a total of 96 fish (79 received sonic tags, 4 received radio tags, and 13 received both types of tag), and we recorded over 275,000 SUR detections of 84 individuals and 91 manual detections of 39 individuals. Although nonnavigational lock operations increased the number of days available for potential passage by 0.5–4.7 times, only seven Paddlefish passed upstream through the locks (8% passage rate). Most of the fish movement past dams occurred during spring, when many riverine fish make spawning migrations. Movement past Claiborne Dam occurred most often over the spillway (87% of passage) during high‐water events. Our results suggest that while specialized nonnavigational lock operations along the Alabama River increased opportunities for upstream fish passage, relatively few Paddlefish actually moved upstream through the lock chambers.
Reductions in virological failure and drug resistance in Chinese antiretroviral-treated patients due to lamivudine-based regimens, 2003–12
Authors: Xing Hui , Ruan Yuhua , Hsi Jenny H. , Kan Wei , Liao Lingjie , Leng Xuebing , Wang Jing , He Cui , Shao Yiming ,   on behalf of the National HIVDR Working Group
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundChina's National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program (NFATP) has significantly scaled up and standardized treatment since 2008. Meanwhile, no study worldwide has examined on a large scale the effects of rapid ART programme scale-up on treatment outcomes in resource-limited settings.MethodsWe used China's national HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) surveillance database to determine virological failure, acquired drug resistance and poor adherence rates after 12–15 months of first-line ART. A total of 2252 patients were examined, with 1431 patients having initiated ART before 2008 and 821 since 2008.FindingsSince 2008, virological failure at 12–15 months of treatment improved from 26.6% to 12.1%, and HIVDR rates also significantly decreased from 15.4% to 5.4%. However, these successes are strongly associated with the standardized use of lamivudine-based regimens in place of didanosine-based regimens. Patients who initiated lamivudine-based regimens before 2008 showed significant improvement in adherence [missed doses adjusted OR (AOR), 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45–0.96], virological failure (AOR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.22–0.39) and HIVDR outcomes (AOR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.20–0.42) compared with those who initiated didanosine-based regimens. Meanwhile, among only patients on lamivudine-based regimens, no significant changes were observed between those who initiated before 2008 and those who initiated since 2008.ConclusionsChina's NFATP has been largely successful throughout the scale-up, with an overall reduction in virological failure and HIVDR. However, excluding the effect of lamivudine-based regimens, it remains crucial for the programme to improve patient adherence and quality of care, particularly in key vulnerable populations such as those infected through injecting drug or blood routes.
Risk Factors of Refracture and Morbidity During Removal of Titanium Pediatric Proximal Femoral Locking Plates in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Inan Muharrem , Sarikaya Ilker A. , Seker Ali , Guven Mehmet F. 
Published: April 2015

Background:
Pediatric proximal femoral locking plates (PFLPs) are widely used when performing proximal femoral osteotomy in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The purpose of this study is to report the difficulties and risk factors of titanium PFLPs removal in CP.

Methods:
PFLP removal was performed in 58 hips of 33 patients (17 males, 16 females). The mean age at the time of surgery (plate removal) was 10.9 (range, 5.7 to 19.2) years. The patients were divided into 2 groups as group 1 and 2, if any difficulty was observed during surgery or not.

Results:
Difficulty was not detected in 42 (72.4%) hips (group 1). Difficulties were encountered in 16 (27.6%) hips (group 2). A total of 364 screws were used (259 in group 1, 105 in group 2). The mean plate screw density ratios were 0.88 in group 1 and 0.94 in group 2. The difference between group 1 and 2 was statistically significant. The mean duration between the insertion and removal of the PFLP was 14.9 months (11.9 mo in group 1, 22.7 mo in group 2). The difference between group 1 and 2 was statistically significant. The screw heads were cut and the shafts were left in the bone in 4 hips (4 screws); 3 of these 4 screws were calcar screws. Therefore, calcar screw application can be accepted as a handicap for screw removal.

Conclusions:
As a conclusion, this study suggested that difficulty in titanium PFLP removal in CP is common and PFLP removal is not a harmless procedure. A longer time from internal fixation to removal, increased plate screw density ratio, and calcar screw application are risk factors for difficulties in titanium PFLP removal in CP.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
First 50 Pediatric and Adolescent Elbow Arthroscopies: Analysis of Indications and Complications
Authors: Vavken Patrick , Müller Andreas M. , Camathias Carlo 
Published: April 2015

Background:
Elbow arthroscopy is a challenging, yet extremely productive procedure in orthopaedic sports medicine. The severely confined anatomy of the pediatric and adolescent elbow is particularly prone for perioperative complications. This study focuses on the indications and complications of the first 50 elbow arthroscopies in skeletally immature patients done in a specialized pediatric orthopaedic department.

Purpose:
To review analysis of indications and complications in pediatric and adolescent elbow arthroscopy. We hypothesized that the complication rate in these patients is similar to adults.

Methods:
Data on 50 consecutive elbow arthroscopies were prospectively gathered in a dedicated database and retrospectively analyzed for indications and perioperative complications. All procedures were performed by a surgeon trained in orthopaedic sports medicine.

Results:
A total of 26 boys and 24 girls with a mean age of 13.6±3.3 years at the time of surgery and a minimum follow-up of 1 year were included.
Fifty-eight percent were treated for osteochondritis dissecans, 24% for arthrofibrosis, 14% for a congenital disorder, and 4% for a posttraumatic problem other than arthrofibrosis. The complication rate was 8%, including 3 cases of transient neuropraxia and 1 superficial wound infection. There were no major complications such as septic arthritis, vascular injury, or permanent nerve damage. All complications resolved fully with conservative treatment, no revision were required.

Discussion:
Although osteochondritis dissecans is still the leading reason for such surgery, fractures and posttraumatic conditions are becoming more important. With a rate of 5% to 8% of minor, fully resolving complications such an increase is not a reason for concerns.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Characterization of Hip Morphology in Children With Mucopolysaccharidosis Types I and II
Authors: Ashby Elizabeth , Baker Markus , Eastwood Deborah M. 
Published: April 2015

Background:
The purpose of this study is to describe the natural history of hip morphology in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) I and MPS II.

Methodology:
This is a retrospective radiographic analysis of 88 hips in 44 children with MPS I and II. Radiographs were examined to determine hip migration, femoral head sphericity, and acetabular dysplasia at different ages throughout childhood. In individual hips, change in morphology and rate of change were analyzed.

Results:
There was a high rate of hip migration and femoral head dysplasia in both MPS I and MPS II. Progressive migration was seen in three quarters of hips and progressive femoral head deformity in over half of hips. Acetabular dysplasia was variable, ranging from normal to severely dysplastic, but did not change with time. Overall, hips were more dysplastic in MPS I than MPS II.

Conclusions:
Hip morphology is variable in MPS I and MPS II ranging from almost normal to severely dysplastic. Some hips do not deteriorate with time and thus surgical intervention may not be necessary in all cases. Deterioration is slow allowing time to plan a holistic approach to treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Outcomes of Orthopaedic Surgery With and Without an External Femoral Derotational Osteotomy in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: McMulkin Mark L. , Gordon Andi B. , Caskey Paul M. , Tompkins Bryan J. , Baird Glen O. 
Published: April 2015

Background:
Ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP) often present with multiple deviations in all planes including increased internal hip rotation during gait. Excessive femoral anteversion is a common cause of deviation managed surgically with an external femoral derotational osteotomy (FDO). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gait and functional outcomes of a group of subjects with CP who underwent surgical intervention that included an FDO compared with a match group with indications of internal hip rotation that did not receive an FDO.

Methods:
For this retrospective study, subjects were identified from the Motion Analysis Laboratory database that had orthopaedic surgery including an FDO (FDO group). A control group was established from a chart review identifying subjects that had indications for an FDO, but did not have this surgery (No-FDO group). All subjects had preoperative and postoperative gait studies. Subjects categorized as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I and II in both FDO and No-FDO groups were combined for analysis. Subjects rated as GMFCS level III were analyzed separately. Preoperative to postoperative kinematic and kinetic variables, Gait Deviation Index, net oxygen cost, and PODCI scores were analyzed with paired t tests.

Results:
Typical sagittal plane kinematic variables improved significantly by equivalent magnitudes for both FDO and No-FDO groups (GMFCS I/II and III). Transverse plane improvements were only seen for the FDO group (GMFCS I/II and III). The Gait Deviation Index, an overall index of kinematics, improved by a significantly greater amount for the FDO group across GMFCS levels I/II and III. Net oxygen cost improved for both FDO and No-FDO for GMFCS I/II. PODCI scores improved for FDO and No-FDO in GMFCS I/II, but only the FDO group for GMFCS III.

Conclusions:
For children with CP, inclusion of an FDO in the surgical intervention, when indicated, resulted in improved outcomes. Overall gait kinematic improvements were significantly greater when an FDO was included in the surgical management.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective comparative study.
Status Epilepticus Due to Cat Scratch Disease
Authors: Schuster Angel Lorrine , Honeycutt Travis C.B. , Hamrick Harvey James 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDespite the publication of a number of case reports since the 1950s, physician awareness of the unique relationship between cat scratch disease (CSD) and acute encephalopathy remains limited. This report alerts emergency medicine physicians to include CSD encephalopathy (CSDE) in the differential diagnosis when a previously healthy child presents with status epilepticus. Prompt recognition of this relationship impacts the selection of initial diagnostic studies and antibiotic choices and permits reliable insight into prognosis. The 2 cases are from different eras and demonstrate the significant diagnostic advances in the past 3 decades forBartonella henselaeinfection. Both children were treated with antibiotics, and both had resolution of all neurological symptoms. However, the role of antibiotics in the treatment and outcome of CSDE remains speculative. Lastly, the report suggests potential areas of investigation to address immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CSDE.
Innovation and firm performance: the role of human resource management practices
Authors: Diaz-Fernandez Mirta , Bornay-Barrachina Mar , Lopez-Cabrales Alvaro 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between human resource (HR) practices and innovative performance in the Spanish industry. Specifically, the authors will focus on innovativeness, analysing the extent to which this capability is favoured by some human resource management (HRM) practices as investments on training and whether it is also affected by the use of full time and/or temporary workers.Design/methodology/approach– The authors propose the assessment of these relationships by means of the Spanish Survey of Industrial Strategic Behaviour. The authors focus the longitudinal analysis on the period 2001-2008, years of the highest economic growth in Spain during the last decades.Findings– The findings show that the most innovative firms are also the most competitive ones in terms of added value. Moreover, while a significant and positive relationship between the use of full-time workers and innovativeness is demonstrated, the role of temporary workers employees remains unclear. Finally, and surprisingly, training investments on new technologies, languages and data processes do not have any impact on innovativeness. The paper is closed with a discussion about some lessons the authors may learn from these wealthy years and the role played by HRM investments on firms.Practical implications– This study demonstrates the existence of two objectives that managers should seek to achieve. On one side, they should focus on innovation as a way of increasing firm performance. And, on the other side, managers should invest on specific training, in order to develop more innovative and profitable organizations.Originality/value– This paper proposes and tests a model where innovation mediates the relationships between HRM practices and performance. Such mediation would be a contribution to the strategic HRM field as very recent research call for the study of new mediators. Also, this paper employs panel data (2001-2008) for assessing these relationships. This is worthy because it is coherent with the idea of internal development of capabilities, instead of cross-sectional analyses and because the authors may infer causality with the study design, as it is demanded by researchers.