bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEW BRUNSWICK BIRD DETERRENT STUDY
Authors: Reilly Timothy J. , Hounsell Ron G. , Jamail Robin 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
During October and November 1995, a bird deterrent device (the Marine Phoenix Wailer) was tested in Miramichi Bay, New Brunswick, Canada, for effectiveness in keeping scoter ducks away from juvenile mussel collector lines. Test results indicated that the Wailer was effective in excluding scoters from a circular open-water area within a 500-meter radius. The scenario tested provided a worst case situation for bird deterrent operations: if birds can be repelled from a strong attractant (i.e., food), it is believed that they may be repelled from less attractive areas such as oil-contaminated sites.
THE PROBLEMS AND PITFALLS OF DEVELOPING A VIRTUAL DISSOLVED OXYGEN METER
Authors: Waite Andy , Bonner Jim , Autenrieth Robin 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
This poster concerns the development of a virtual dissolved oxygen meter, as well as its use and usefulness in laboratory and field settings. The problem of signal coupling was solved by modifying an instrumentation amplifier to include a path to ground through a 1 MW resistor. The advantages of computer-aided data acquisition of multiple dissolved oxygen probes include increased confidence in the measurements. Modifying a virtual instrument to acquire and process data from a multiplicity of analog devices is easy once the parameters of the device are understood
BARGE BUFFALO 292: OBSERVATIONS OF SATELLITE-TRACKED SURFACE DRIFTERS
Authors: Simecek-Beatty Debra A. , Lehr William J. , Johnson Walter R. , Price James M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
As part of a joint program to use satellite-tracked drifters at accidental oil spills, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration deployed three drifters supplied by the Minerals Management Service during the barge Buffalo 292 spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The deployments complemented visual observations of the oil spill and provided data for calibrating the on-scene spill model. The data-rich environment of this particular spill response made it possible to calculate the vector correlation between the drifters and a hindcast of the oil movement and to estimate the wind-drift factors for the oil-tracking drifters.
OIL SPILL PREPAREDNESS: AN OPERATIONAL ATLAS FOR FRENCH LOCAL AUTHORITIES
Authors: Kerambrun Loïc , David Laurence , Rebout Cécile , Page-Jones Lindsay 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
In France, the shoreline Oil Spill Contingency Plan (plan Polmar) is the responsibility of the terrestrial prefect who represents the prime minister. To improve the information currently contained in such a document, CEDRE proposed that the government create an operational atlas outlining the main features of French coastal waters and the shoreline. As a first step, one particular segment along the English Channel (from Omaha Beach to Mont St.-Michel) was chosen, with a coastline of about 250 km. The characteristics taken into account were gathered into three main categories: physical environment, natural resources, and human uses and activities. The atlas consists of a series of about 50 detailed maps (format: A3, scale: 1:50,000) and 10 synthetic maps for each topic.
UNIVERSAL FIELD OIL SPILL CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Castle Robert W. , Wehrenberg Fred 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The fate, behavior, impact, and response to oil spills can vary significantly in response to oil type and condition. This paper presents a field methodology that can be used to classify spilled oil based on observable physical properties. The classification methodology is intended to be used for shoreline cleanup assessment team (SCAT) surveys, selection of response techniques, and other emergency response applications.
ATTCO PIPELINE TANK FIRE: RESPONDING TO THE VOLCANIC INFERNO
Authors: Smith Donald P. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
On a hot afternoon in June 1995, lightning struck a 55,000-barrel crude oil storage tank owned by ATTCO Pipeline Company in Addington, Oklahoma. The lightning strike subsequently caused a fire and explosion that ultimately resulted in the collapse of the tank. During the initial response efforts, specialized fire-fighting equipment and personnel were requested from Sheppard Air Force Base out of Wichita Falls, Texas. Unfortunately, efforts to extinguish the fire resulted in a tragic loss of life. This poster seeks to examine the sequence of events leading up to the loss of life and to discuss how these events affected the overall spill response efforts. It will include an analysis of the operational parameters established by ATTCO's Facility Response Plan that was in effect on June 10, 1995, and will also examine the state of preparedness and prevention efforts leading up to June 10, 1995. Ultimately, this poster will determine what effect, if any, the state of readiness had on the events of that day.
SPILL MODELING AS PART OF THE RESPONSE AND MONITORING STRATEGY AT THE SEA EMPRESS INCIDENT
Authors: Rusin Jan , Lunel Tim , Tyler Andrew 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
On February 15, 1996, the Sea Empress went aground at Milford Haven off the Pembrokeshire coast of South Wales, Great Britain. Between February 15 and 21 some 72,000 tons of Forties blend crude oil were released into the marine environment. The model OSIS (oil spill information system) was developed jointly by AEA Technology and BMT Marine Information Systems. OSIS was successfully used by AEA Technology for the U.K. Coastguard Agency's Marine Pollution Control Unit (MPCU) as a response tool to predict the fate, trajectory, and likely beaching of oil, thus aiding in the decisions and optimizing response strategy. The MPCU has subsequently contracted AEA Technology to develop OSIS to predict the long-term fate of the dispersed oil and to identify areas of deposition following oil-sediment interaction.
ADVANCING FORENSIC CHEMISTRY OF SPILLED OIL: SELF-NORMALIZING FINGERPRINT INDEXES
Authors: Henry Charles B. , Roberts Paulene O. , Overton Edward B. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Forensic approaches for differentiating spilled oils, tar balls, and oil-contaminated sediments by source can be enhanced by converting qualitative GC/MS data to quantitative values and applying statistical data analyses. Such techniques reduce the potential for chemist bias and fatigue that can result in false-positive and false-negative determinations. The suite of indexes used by our laboratory are highly discriminating, resistant to oil weathering and biodegradation, and are not subject to most day-to-day laboratory variances. We have applied the term “self-normalizing fingerprint indexes” (SFIs) to label such parameters or ratios. The SFI approach has been demonstrated to reduce investigator bias and highlight subtle differences in actual spill samples and baseline monitoring studies that might have been missed by standard qualitative approaches to source-fingerprinting. This approach represents another step in the development of legally defensible methods of oil spill response.
CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL SPILLS: INLAND VERSUS COASTAL
Authors: Stalcup Dana , Yoshioka Gary , Mantus Ellen , Kaiman Brad 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The Emergency Response Notification System database was searched for information on the size of spills, the sources of spills, and the types of oils spilled for both inland and coastal waters. The results of this analysis indicate that the vast majority of spills for both inland and coastal waters are minor discharges, that the sources of the spills differ for inland versus coastal waters, with pipelines representing a minor source for both water systems, and that a wide variety of materials are spilled in both inland and coastal water systems, with crude oil being a more significant contributor for coastal waters.
THE OIL SPILL TRIANGLE: A PREVENTIVE TOOL
Authors: Olsson Eric H. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The oil spill triangle supports the premise that the most potent means of protecting marine resources and of avoiding penalties is through the prevention of oil spills. This triangle provides a logical, structured approach to evaluating and identifying spill-prone procedures and to establishing focused training and maintenance programs to help eliminate operational oil spills.
COMPARISON OF OIL SPILL RATES IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Yoshioka Gary , Kaiman Brad , Wong Eva 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Recent studies of oil spills of more than 10,000 gallons examined spill rates in certain East Coast and Gulf Coast regions of the United States. Using oil movement data as the exposure variable, these studies found similar spill rates among the regions and over time. This analysis expands upon these earlier studies by examining the California coastal area and by calculating new spill rates using refining capacity as the exposure variable.
OIL SPILL INTELLIGENCE REPORT INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL DATABASE: TRENDS IN OIL SPILL VOLUMES AND FREQUENCY1
Authors: Etkin Dagmar Schmidt , Welch Jeff 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The Oil Spill Intelligence Report International Oil Spill Database contains records of more than 4100 major oil spill incidents (involving at least 10,000 gallons) that have occurred worldwide since Oil Spill Intelligence Report began publication in 1978. The database tracks the date, source, owner, gallons spilled, location, causes, and type of oil spilled. This poster also presents graphs that illustrate various trends in spill patterns over the 1978–1995 period. The OSIR research staff updates the database weekly after contact with various sources from around the world
MANAGING PERSONNEL IN SUSTAINED SPILL RESPONSE EFFORTS
Authors: Cantwell Vincent 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Although human performance varies greatly between and within individuals, it can generally be predicted from a number of physiological and psychophysiological factors that are common to all humankind, regardless of the operational environment. These include the effects that circadian influences, disrupted sleep, sleep loss, physical exertion, and other factors, including caffeine, alcohol, and over-the-counter medications, have on performance, cognition, and response time, and therefore on the safety of any planned or emergency response operation. Particularly when operational demands require sustained performance in a hazardous time- and cost-sensitive environment, such as during spill response operations, these physiological considerations must be factored into the planning and execution of response operations if maximal safety, effectiveness, and cost efficiency are to be preserved.
NUTSHELL SUMMARY OF EPA'S NATIONAL SURVEY OF OIL STORAGE FACILITIES
Authors: Weiner Janet LaFiandra 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
In April 1995, EPA conducted a national survey of oil storage facilities potentially subject to its Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) regulation (40 CFR Part 112). The purpose of the survey was to answer five specific questions: (1) How many facilities are regulated by EPA's SPCC program? (2) What types of facilities does the SPCC program regulate? (3) What do these facilities look like? (4) Which facilities pose the greatest oil spill risk? And (5) How effective is the SPCC program in reducing oil spill risk? This nutshell summary briefly discusses EPA's analysis of the survey data.
CANADA'S SYSTEM OF SPILL RESPONSE: WILL IT ACTUALLY WORK?
Authors: Chapman Philip , Holm Huestis 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Canadian policy on marine spill response and preparedness has undergone a significant transformation since the OPRC Convention. An ambitious plan was launched in 1993 that sought to achieve two things: the privatization of response operations and the enhancement of response capabilities. Various steps have been undertaken to implement an effective framework within which government and industry can operate. Substantial legislative, regulatory, and policy changes have gone a long way toward achieving the spirit and intent of the OPRC Convention. However, the implementation of that new system has not been without its problems.
INTEGRATED CONTINGENCY PLANNING: THE ONE PLAN APPROACH TO FACILITY RESPONSE PLANS
Authors: Gugg LCDR Paul M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Facility operators face myriad federal, state, and local emergency response planning requirements. The traditional approach to satisfying these requirements has been to develop separate plans for each set of regulations. Guidance recently published by the National Response Team (NRT) offers an efficient format for combining planning criteria into one effective document that will be readily accepted by regulatory authorities. The NRT is composed of 15 federal agencies identified in Subpart ? of the National Contingency Plan as having responsibility for federal environmental emergency response. The “One Plan” format avoids unnecessary duplication of effort and offers significant time, paper, and dollar savings. It also promotes an all-incident approach to response planning across facility divisions.
USING GIS TO AID IN SPILL PREVENTION, PREPAREDNESS, AND RESPONSE
Authors: Worley Ray , Stalcup Dana , Kaiman Brad , Balassiano Kim 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
This poster presentation demonstrates how geographic information systems (GISs) are being employed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Oil Pollution Response and Prevention Center (OPRPC) and regional oil program offices to assist in preventing, preparing for, and responding to oil spills within the United States. Over the past 2 years, EPA's OPRPC has played a key role in facilitating the exchange of spatial data within EPA as well as with various federal, state, and local organizations. Significant advancements have been made in collecting, analyzing, managing, and sharing spatial data, and many opportunities for additional coordination lie ahead.
INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR OIL SPILL PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE IN KOREA
Authors: Kahng Sung-Hyun , Lee Soo Hyung , Oh Jae Ryoung , Joh Sung-Eok , Lee Chang-Sup , Yoon Joo-Ryoung , Ryu Cheong-Ro 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI) has developed an integrated oil spill information system that provides on-scene coordinators (OSCs) and scientific support coordinators (SSCs) with various management tools for contingency planning and pollution response. This system contains databases, digital maps, prediction models, decision support programs, and communication tools. Key to the design is the systematic arrangement of six modules, each of which resembles a flow sequence of oil spill planning and response activities. The sequential and user-friendly features of the system facilitate the tracking and treatment of an actual spill incident in a geographic context more quickly and efficiently.
FORECASTING OIL SPILL DRIFT AT METEO-FRANCE
Authors: Daniel Pierre 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
METEO-FRANCE developed an oil spill response system designed to simulate the transport of oil in three dimensions. This system is applicable anywhere in the world (with a coarser resolution far from the French coastlines) and is available around the clock. It was validated on a few well-documented pollution incidents, and it was tested twice in real time.
New developments, exercises, and training are conducted jointly with the collaboration of CEDRE (Centre de Documentation de Recherche et d'Expérimentation sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux).
COSS: A TESTING FACILITY FOR OIL SPILL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Reilly Timothy J. , Jamail Robin 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
A facility known as the Coastal Oil Spill Simulation (COSS) system has been constructed to test the efficacy and environmental effects of physical, chemical, and biological oil spill response technologies under realistic coastal and nearshore environmental conditions. The COSS facility is located in Corpus Christi, Texas. Oil spill research and development experiments will begin at the COSS facility in the summer of 1997. The Texas General Land Office and the Marine Spill Response Corporation have sponsored the design and construction of the COSS facility.
Weathered Petroleum “Bioavailability” to Intertidal Bivalve Species After the T/V Exxon Valdez Incident
Authors: Roberts Paulene O. , Henry Charles B. , Shigenaka Gary , Fukuyama Allan 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Sediment and bivalve samples were collected annually to assess residual oil concentration, degradation and persistence after the T/V Exxon Valdez incident through NOAA's Prince William Sound Shoreline Monitoring Program. Detailed gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analyses of samples from various sites still contain residual oil. The residual oil from the 1989 spill shows a similar though altered aromatic hydrocarbon (AH) profile in the bivalve body burden. The residual oil profile of bivalves and sediments contain components not highly water soluble, therefore mechanisms other than dissolution are the primary mode of petroleum transport. The presence of altered whole oil within the mussel and clam tissues provides inferences into the oil transport and exposure mechanisms.
Acute Toxicological Consequences of Oil Dispersal To Marine Organisms
Authors: Singer Michael M. , Jacobson Susan , Hodgins Maureen , Tjeerdema Ronald S. , Sowby Michael L. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The acute effects of untreated and chemically dispersed Prudhoe Bay crude oil was investigated using modeledexposure toxicity tests. Testing was accomplished under closed, flow-through conditions using the sensitive early life-stages of two coastal California marine species. Water-accommodated fractions of untreated oil were prepared using low-energy equilibrium methods, whereas chemical dispersions were prepared at somewhat higher energies. Exposure concentrations were measured using gas chromatography. Results showed substantial differences in toxicity both among species, and between dispersed and undispersed oil.
Microbial Degradation of Biosurfactant Dispersed Oil
Authors: Crescenzi Francesco , Camilli Marcello , Fascetti Eugenio , Porcelli Filippo , Prosperi Giulio , Sacceddu Pasquale 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Biological degradation of a light crude dispersed in sea water by a surfactant produced by an hydrocarbon degrading microorganism has been monitored in laboratory tests. Oligotrophic natural sea water was used with no additions. Results showed that the oil dispersed by the biosurfactant was more easily degraded than chemically dispersed oil. In adhesion tests it has been found that the number of microbial cells adhering to a water/hexadecane interface increases in presence of the biosurfactant. It is suggested that the biodegradation enhancement may be linked to a promoting action carried by the biosurfactant on the adhesion of degrading microorganisms onto the surface of the oil.
Investigation of Nutrient Limitation On Oil Spill Bioremediation Using a 1-D Mathematical Model
Authors: Meyers LT Timothy E. , Chandran Jayanth , Jin Minghui , Ford Roseanne M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Bioremediation provides a means of enhancing the natural degradation process in which organic molecules are converted to biomass and harmless products such as carbon dioxide and water. Natural levels of nitrogen and phosphorus are often unable to support the microbial requirements following a sudden increase in hydrocarbon levels associated with an oil spill. The authors used a mathematical model to study the impact of adding fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus) to enhance the bioremediation process. Conservation equations for benzene, naphthalene, nitrogen and phosphorous were solved using an upstream-biased Eulerian algorithm for transport equations with sources (UpBEATES). Bacterial growth and contaminant degradation were modeled with multiple-substrate Monod kinetics and transport of the components was restricted to diffusion. The authors' computer algorithm allowed for the distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus at various locations and timed-release of the compounds. These features permitted a systematic study of various treatment options which may aid in the design of future bioremediation efforts. Three cases were considered. The base case assumed nitrogen at a level naturally occurring in seawater; a second case uniformly increased the level of nitrogen in the bulk seawater and a third case supplemented nitrogen at the oil/water interface. Adding nitrogen at the oil-water interface was the most effective strategy for dealing with the nitrogen limitation.
Influence of Zeolites On The Degradation of Arabian Light Crude Oil
Authors: Bergueiro J. R. , Pita A. , Mayol M. A. , Rallo M. , López-Ruiz J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The authors have studied the biodegradation of an Arabian Light crude oil in sterile marine water by the CUES229 marine bacteria and the BIOLEN IG30 biologic activator, both in the presence and the absence of zeolites. Two different types of zeolites, a natural one (NZ) and an artificial one (Zestek56), were used to degrade the crude in the first experiment, arising a 20% increment in the degradation in the presence of natural zeolite when compared with a similar sample without zeolites, and a 9% in the artificial zeolite. Next set of experiment were made using reactors filled with 250 g of sea water and 0.02 g of zeolite and injecting CUES 229 bacteria up to 108 cells/ml. Samples were introduced in a shaker at 110 rpm and with regulated temperature at 30-C. Time evolution of the biodegradation was deduced from gas chromatography at the time intervals 1; 7 and 15 days. Later, a similar experiment, but with BIOLEN IG30, was also made. Biodegradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons was observed –after 15 days- until the C14 fractions, using zeolites plus Biolen IG30, and until the C18 fractions, using zeolite plus CUES 229 bacteria.
What Has Been Happening After Oil Spill On Sand Beach
Authors: Sawano Nobuhiro 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The Russian tanker Nakhodka spilled approximately 86,600 kiloliters of heavy C oil in the Sea of Japan on January 2, 1997. By this accident, more than 2,000 kilometers of coastline along the Sea of Japan has been affected.
Spilt oil was stranded on a 4-kilometer sand beach from Katano to Shioya on January 7. Soon after the oil beached, recovery works were done by heavy machinery without taking account of plant vegetation. These recovery works were completed with a large amount of oil mixed in with the sand.
Plant vegetation on this beach was seriously damaged. One year after the oil spill, many parts of the plant vegetation disappeared here and there on this beach. It has become clear that plant vegetation plays a great role in protecting sand beach from erosion., Observing this case, environmental sensitivity of sand beaches should be classified into two groups: one is sand beach with plant vegetation, the other is without plant vegetation. The former is more sensitive.