bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of the Single Object Burying Test in Assessing Hypervigilance-like Behavior in the Single Prolonged Stress Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Ibrahim Youstina Guirguis , Mohammed Salama Raghda Abd ElAziz , Atalla Boctor Suzi Sobhy , Aziz Bassyouni Lobna Fouad Abdel , Elmelegy Ahmed Abdel-Salam M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is recognized nowadays as a major public health issue. It arises as a long-term reaction to severe stressors considered to be life-threatening. It’s characterized by intrusive symptoms, avoidance, and hypervigilance. Although its prevalence is rather high, the mechanisms behind this serious condition are little understood, and its treatment is currently challenging. To get insights into this disorder, a variety of PTSD models were developed in the last 15 years as well as several tests have been proposed to assess the PTSD-like behaviors in these animal models. The single object burying test (OBT) was used to examine the hypervigilant behavior in electric shock animal model of PTSD. To the best of our knowledge, no prior studies have utilized the OBT to assess hypervigilance in the traditional single prolonged stress (SPS) animal model of PTSD. Our study aims to compare the behavioral response of the SPS-exposed and SPS-unexposed rats in the OBT.

Methods
This study employed the single prolonged stress (SPS) model to induce PTSD in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12 rats, divided as control group = 6 rats, and SPS group = 6 rats) to investigate whether the single object burying test can detect the hypervigilance like behavior in the SPS rats as compared to control group. Parameters used are the percentage of time spent manipulating the object and the percentage of time spent burying the object.

Results
SPS rats demonstrated decrease in the percentage of time spent manipulating the object and increase in the percentage of time spent burying the object as compared to control group in the OBT. These responses are interpreted as hypervigilance like behavior.

Conclusion
The OBT can be considered a successful test in assessing hypervigilance of the rats exposed to the SPS animal model of PTSD
Protective Role of Caloric Restriction versus L-Carnitine on Aluminium Chloride Induced Cognitive Deficit in Rats
Authors: Wadie C M , Awad H A , Sabaa A R , Mohamed A A , Ali R H , Labib JMW , Abou-Bakr D A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a worldwide chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease. However, its pathophysiology is still unclear and there is no determined cure for it up till now. Both Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) and caloric restriction (CR) slow down the aging process.

Hypothesis
To compare the neuroprotective impacts of ALCAR and CR on aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced AD in adult male rats to explore the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of AD.

Materials and Methods
Our study was carried out on 67 adult male albino rats that were allocated into 4 groups: Control, AlCl3, AlCl3-Acetyl-L-Carnitine and AlCl3-Caloric Restriction groups. AlCl3 and ALCAR were taken by gavage in a dose of 100 mg/1ml/kg. B.W. and CR was done by 70% of the daily average caloric intake of the control group for 30 days. All rats were subjected to behavioral assessment; open field test (OFT), Y maze, novel object recognition test (NORT) and passive avoidance test (PAT), biochemical assay of serum phosphorylated tau (pTau), hippocampal homogenate phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate kinase (pAMPK), Beclin-1, Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein), Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) and Bax/Bcl2 ratio as well as hippocampal histological studies using H&E, Silver stain and Immunohistochemistry (nuclear protein Ki 67 & glial fibrillary acidic protein GFAP).

Results
The results showed cognitive and behavioral deficits induced by AlCl3 and this were coincident with increased level of serum pTau, aggregated neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and senile plaques with increased pAMPK. impaired autophagy and enhanced apoptosis associated with defective neurogenesis and defective astrocyte activation.

Conclusion
ALCAR and CR partially improved the AlCl3 induced behavioral, cognitive, biochemical and histological changes, with more ameliorative effect of ALCAR on hippocampal apoptotic markers, with more obvious behavioral and histological improvement with CR.
Prevalence of Cyberbullying Victimization and its Possible Psychological Outcomes among a Sample of Ain Shams University Students
Authors: Madbouly Elmahdy Hadir Mohamed , Aal Abouseif Hasnaa Abdel , Hassan Azza Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Cyberbullying is a form of bullying that uses new technology such as cellphones, hardware systems, and remote tablets. It encompasses all behavior types that include sending continuous aggressive messages using electronic media to hurt or disturb others individually or as a group.

Aim of Work
To measure the prevalence of cyberbullying victimization, and identify factors associated with cyberbullying victimization among a sample of Ain Shams University first-year students.

Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of first-grade students. A sample size of 529 students showed response to the survey; of them, 266 were from scientific colleges and the remaining were from literary colleges.

Tools
two Arabic self-administered online questionnaires were used to collect data on the demographic characteristics questionnaire and Cyberbullying Scale (C.B.S).

Results
The mean age of the sample is (18.51 ± 0.5 years) and 75.2% of them are females. Most of the studied sample (90.9%) was exposed to CB and 3.7% of them reported high exposure. Moreover, exposure of students to cyberbullying was associated with mother’s occupation (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.02-4.9. p- value= 0.042), the time since students started using social media (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2-6.1. p-value= 0.01) and using Facebook as their favorite social media app (OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 0.32-11.4. p-value= 0.001).

Conclusion and Recommendations
The majority of adolescents had been exposed to cyberbullying, so intervention techniques and programs to prevent cyberbullying among college students are necessary, and, sharing information on cyberbullying and how to report it to authorities’ families, and student orientations would be beneficial to increasing awareness.
Safety and Efficacy of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Stroke Patients beyond 6 Hours
Authors: Gamal-eldin Mostafa Mahmoud , Farid Mostafa , Eldeen Mostafa Ahmed Mohamed Diaa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Stroke is one of the primary causes of death in Egypt. With advances in the stroke imaging and medical care we could extend the window of mechanical thrombectomy beyond 6 hours according to many studies.

Objective
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) of acute large vessel occlusion beyond 6 hours from the onset of the stroke.

Patients and Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted that include records for all patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke and treated after 6 hours of symptoms onset at Ain shams university hospitals from January 2019 to December 2021 (at least 20 cases) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment of acute large vessel occlusion beyond 6 hours from the onset of the stroke.

Results
Twenty cases are included in our study with a mean age of 53.7±17, 65% were female, and the median NIHSS score at presentation was 13. Successful recanalization (mTICI 2b to 3) was obtained in 85% of patients and symptomatic ICH rate was 50% mostly in patients who didn’t undergo MRI prior to MT. overall 30% of the patients had good outcome (mRS ≤ 2) at 90 days post thrombectomy.

Conclusion
Mechanical thrombectomy beyond 6 hours is safe and effective with good selection of patients according to MRI and CT perfusion.
Role of MRI in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Anterior Knee Pain)
Authors: Mohamed Ayat Abdullah , Hatem Shalaby Mennat Allah , Naguib Elaassar Maha Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
MRI is a good diagnostic tool in identifying cartilage and soft tissue lesions as well as detecting underlying predisposing anatomical factors of patellar instability, it has a high specification for detecting the grades and the types of some of these diseases or factors that may predispose to them such as trochlear dysplasia and patella alta.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of MRI in diagnosis of Patellofemoralpain syndrome which is the most common cause of anterior knee pain.

Patients and Methods
This prospective study was done on patients referred from the orthopedic clinic to the department of radiodiagnosis, MRI unit at Ain Shams University hospitals.Thirty patients were included (18 females and 12 males) and their age ranged from 20 to 64 years.

Conclusion
This study shows that MRI is useful in detecting various predisposing anatomical factors of patellofemoral instability and associated lesions of knee joint thereby enabling orthopedic surgeons to treat joint pathology as well as correct underlying anatomical abnormality.
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of a Computed Tomography-Based Scoring System in the Differentiation between Malignant and Benign Pleural Effusion
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Moustafa , Hossam El Din Nourhan Mohammed , Kamal Dalia Hesham 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Pleural effusion in particular is considered a sign of an underlying pathology, so ti is necessary ot search for the cause and determine whether it is a benign cause or a malignant one as they differ in treatment and prognosis.

Aim of the Work
To assess the accuracy of contrast-enhanced CT chest to predict the nature of pleural effusion whether benign or malignant using the CT-based scoring system developed by Porcel et al.'(1)

Patients and Methods
This study was a retrospective study that involved reviewing the contrast-enhanced CT chest done at the radiodiagnosis department in Ain Shams University Hospitals of 30 adult patients (age &gt;18 years old) withunilateral or bilateral pleural effusion, and scoring ti according to hte Porcel et al (" CT scoring system while being blinded to the final diagnosis. The total score was then compared to the biopsy or cytology of the patient to determine its accuracy.

Results
Analyzing the data showed that the highly significant item of the scoring system denoting malignancy was pleural lesion followed by lung masses, liver metastasis, abdominal masses, and absence of pericardial effusion. The cutoff value in our study was found to be total score &gt;7 denoting malignancy with a sensitivity of 94.12%, a specificity of 100%, a PPV (positive predictive value) of 100, a NPV (negative predictive value) of 92.2 and AUC (area under curve) = 0.986. On the other hand, the cutoff value of the study done by Porcel et al ( (27 denotes malignancy) gave a sensitivity of 94.1%, a specificity of 92.3%,a PPV of 94.12, a NPV of 92.31, and an accuracy of 93.33% in our study while in their study gave a sensitivity of 88%, aspecificity of 94%, and AUC = 0.919.

Conclusion
This is a simple chest CT scan scoring system, which includes the evaluation of pleural nodularity or thickening, liver metastases, abdominal masses, lung nodules or masses, pleural loculations, pericardial effusions, and cardiomegaly. It can be used as a reliable tool that helps determine the differential diagnosis ofpleural effusion yet does not replace cytology/biopsy. Further studies assessing this C T scan score are recommended.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol (ERAS) versus Standard Protocol for Undergoing Radical Cystectomy in an Egyptian Population
Authors: Osman Tarek , Tawfiq Abdallah Ahmed Mohamed , Attia Elshekhiby Ahmed Saad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
bladder cancer has been one of the commonest cancer. The gold standard for treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer is radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy and associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and healthcare cost. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are multimodal perioperative care pathways designed to achieve early recovery after surgical procedures.

Aim and Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare between the standard preoperative bowel preparation (SP) and ERAS protocol in terms of postoperative length of stay (LOS) and postoperative morbidity.

Subjects and Methods
This was a prospective randomized study was conducted in Ain shams university hospital – Alexandria university hospital involving fifty (50) patients were randomly divided into two equal groups twenty-Five (25) patient in group A follow ERAS protocol and twenty-Five (25) patients in group B following standard protocol. The duration of the study ranged from 6-12 months.

Results
There was statistically significant difference found between group A and group B regarding the studied parameters ( Readmission in 30 days, Ileus, Vomiting, and UTI) while there was no statistically significant difference between them regarding (early mobilization, urine leakage, dehesince and DVT), there was no statistically significant difference found between group A and group B regarding (Length of stay).

Conclusion
In patients undergoing radical cystectomy, enhanced recovery protocol is considered as a safe procedure and not associated with any increase in intraoperative and postoperative complications compared to standard protocol. The length of hospital stay was shorter in ERAS group.
Laparoscopic vs Open Orchiopexy for Palpable Undescended Testis in Children
Authors: Abd El-Magid El-Zayat Tarek Mostafa , Ahmed Tolba Mohamed Kotb , Ahmed Temsah Ahmed Nagi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cryptorchidism is the absence of one or both testes in the scrotum and is generally synonymous with undescended testis. Undescended testis is the most common genital disorder identified at birth. Undescended testes occur in 1–3% of full-term and up to 45% of preterm male neonates. Approximately 80% of undescended testes are clinically palpable and 20% are non-palpable.

Aim of the Work
To compare between laparoscopic and open orchiopexy evaluating final testicular position, success rate, and complications.

Patients and Methods
A prospective comparative study was made in Urology department, Ain Shams University Hospital for Twelve months starting from 1st of June 2021 to 1st of May 2022 on 50 children (aged from 1-18 years) with UDT and were included in the study and divided in to 2 groups 25 for each study group.

Results
In the present study the mean age in group I was 8.1± 0.99 y and in group II was 9.28± 0.91 y with no significant difference. The mean operative time in group I was 63.6 ± 5.56 min, and in group II was 58.44. ± 5.28 min with no statistically significant difference. There was in group I all the studied cases had no testicular atrophy, no testicular ascent, no need for redo-orchiopexy and a hernial sac was detected in all cases. In group II all the studied cases had no testicular atrophy, 92% had negative testicular ascent and 96% had a hernial sac. As regard to complications, only 2 patients presented with wound infection in group I and in group II there were a case with wound infection, a case with hydrocele and 2 cases with scrotal haematoma with no significant difference.

Conclusion
For the treatment of inguinal cryptorchidism, laparoscopic orchiopexy is a safer and less invasive option than open groin surgery. In children with palpable undescended testis, laparoscopic orchiopexy is linked with improved testicular position and a better success rate as open orchiopexy.
Are Surgical Outcomes Different According to Baseline Balance Status in Elderly Patients with Degenerative Sagittal Imbalance?
Authors: Park Se-Jun , Lee Chong-Suh , Park Jin-Sung , Kang Dong-Ho 
Published: July 2024

Study Design.
This is a retrospective study.

Objective.
We sought to compare surgical outcomes according to baseline balance statuses in elderly patients with degenerative sagittal imbalance (DSI).

Summary of Background.
Although optimal sagittal correction has been emphasized for good surgical outcomes, the effect of the state of preoperative balance on surgical outcomes has been adequately described at present.

Methods.
Patients aged 60 years and above with DSI who underwent ≥5-level fusion to the sacrum were included. Among them, only those who postoperatively achieved the optimal age-adjusted pelvic incidence (PI) – lumbar lordosis (LL) target were included in this study. Study participants were divided into two groups according to their preoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA): compensatory balance (SVA <5 cm, group CB) and decompensation (SVA ≥5 cm, group D). Comparisons between the two groups were performed using the χ2 test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables and the independent t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables.

Results.
A total of 156 patients whose postoperative sagittal alignment matched the age-adjusted PI-LL target constituted the study cohort. There were 59 patients in group CB and 97 patients in group D. Mean follow-up duration was 50.0 months after surgery. Immediate postoperatively, sacral slope and SVA were significantly greater in group D than in group CB. At the last follow-up, the SVA was significantly greater in group D than in group CB (43.6 vs. 22.7 mm), while no significant differences were found in other sagittal parameters. The Oswestry disability index and Scoliosis Research Society −22 scores at the last follow-up were significantly worse in group D than in group CB.

Conclusion.
The SVA tended to experience less correction postoperatively, with evidence of further deterioration during follow-up in group D than in group CB. This suboptimal correction of SVA may contribute to the inferior clinical outcomes encountered in group D relative to group CB. Therefore, we recommend correction of PI-LL as close as possible to the lower limit of the suggested PI-LL target range in patients with evidence of preoperative decompensation.
Upregulation of Angiomotin-Like 2 Ameliorates Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Inactivating YAP1 Signaling
Authors: Deng Jizhao , Yang Guang , Zhong Nier , Liang Lei , Chen Haichao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
Angiomotin-like 2 (AMOTL2) is related to numerous physiological and pathological conditions by affecting signal transduction. However, whether AMOTL2 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has not been addressed. This work aimed to investigate the potential role of AMOTL2 in PAH. A decrease in AMOTL2 abundance was observed in the lungs of PAH rats. The upregulation of AMOTL2 significantly decreased right ventricle systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy in PAH rats. Overexpression of AMOTL2 also led to a noteworthy decrease in vascular wall thickness, pulmonary artery area, and collagen deposition in rats with PAH. AMOTL2 was downregulated in hypoxia-stimulated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Moreover, AMOTL2 overexpression impeded hypoxia-evoked proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transformation in rat PASMCs. Mechanistic investigation revealed that Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) activation in PAH rats or hypoxia-stimulated PASMCs was markedly inhibited by AMOTL2 overexpression, which was associated with increased large tumor suppressor 1/2 phosphorylation. The inhibition of large tumor suppressor 1/2 reversed the AMOTL2-mediated inactivation of YAP1. Restoring the activity of YAP1 reversed the inhibitory effect of AMOTL2 on hypoxia-evoked proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transformation of PASMCs. Collectively, these results suggest that AMOTL2 can ameliorate PAH in a rat model by interfering with pulmonary arterial remodeling via the inactivation of YAP1 signaling. Our work indicates that AMOTL2 may be a candidate target for novel drug development for the treatment of PAH.
Fluorescence Intensity between Standard versus Diluted Indocyanine Green to Evaluate Flap Perfusion in Rats
Authors: Atmodiwirjo Parintosa , Ramadan Mohamad R. , Sapphira Elrica , Djohan Michael , Ralena Nadhira A. , Amanda Nadira F. 
Published: July 2024

Summary:
The ideal dose for indocyanine green (ICG) has not been established yet, although 5 mg per mL is widely accepted for free flap evaluation. Due to its high price and rarity in developing countries, this preliminary study aimed to find the lowest concentration of ICG without reducing the fluorescence quality read by near-infrared camera in animal models. An experimental study was conducted on 25 Wistar rats divided into five groups based on the injected ICG, which was in 5 mg per mL, 3.75 mg per mL, 2.5 mg per mL, 1.25 mg per mL, and 0.5 mg per mL concentrations. The epigastric flap was elevated and confirmed to be vital on the fifth day. Upon confirmation, bolus IV injection of ICG was given via the tail, and the flap was read using near-infrared camera. The 25 different videos are randomized and rated individually in a blind manner by five microsurgeons, chosen beforehand. The videos are evaluated with a scoring system ranging from 0 to 4, assessing fluorescence visibility and flap vasculature. Nonetheless, the intraclass correlation coefficient is 0.779. There was no difference between standard and diluted ICG concentrations to evaluate flap perfusion. The 2.5 mg per mL concentration of ICG was the most favorable. This finding is not clinically relevant for application in human subjects yet. However, this study shows promising results for further usage of ICG in daily practice at a lower cost.
The Impact of Prior Obesity Surgery on Bleeding after Abdominal Body Contouring Surgery
Authors: Badran Saif , Braizat Omar , Aljassem Ghanem , Alyazji Zaki , Farsakoury Rana , Iskeirjeh Sara , Asim Mohammad , Glass Graeme E. , Muneer Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Body contouring surgery removes excess skin and fat, often after massive weight loss. Some reports suggest that patients who have previously undergone obesity (bariatric) surgery are at excess risk of subsequent bleeding, possibly due to complex nutritional and metabolic sequelae of massive weight loss.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study of intraoperative blood loss and postoperative bleeding indicators were examined for patients who had undergone abdominoplasty. Participants were categorized based on their history of previous obesity surgery, and outcome variables were compared using odds ratio, followed by subgroup comparison between a history of restrictive versus malabsorptive obesity surgery,

Results:
The study included 472 patients, of which 171 (36.2 %) had a history of obesity surgery. Mean age was 40.4 years, and 402 (85.1%) participant were women. Fifty-five (11.6%) patients were smokers whereas 65 (13.7%) were hypertensive. Mean body mass index before surgery was 30.2 kg per m2, and average time between obesity and body contouring surgery (if applicable) was 35.8 months. Patients with a history of obesity surgery exhibited greater intraoperative blood loss (162.2 mL versus 132.1 mL; P = 0.001), drainage volume at 24 h (155 mL versus 135 mL; P = 0.001), and total drainage volume (300ml versus 220 mL; P = 0.001). Postoperative hematoma requiring surgical re-exploration was almost three times higher following a history of obesity surgery (4.7% versus 1.7 %; P = 0.05).

Conclusions:
History of obesity surgery increases intraoperative blood loss, postoperative serosanguinous drainage volumes, and the risk of postoperative hematoma requiring surgical evacuation after abdominal body contouring procedures.