bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scanning electron microscopy-based quantification of keratin and hyaluronic acid microstructure in electrospun scaffolds
Authors: Amajuoyi Joyce N. , Ilomuanya Margaret O. , Oseni Bukola , Azubuike Chukwuemeka P. , Krestou Athina , Vorp David A. , Tsamis Alkiviadis , Adeosun Samson O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The extracellular matrix (ECM) structural deficiencies in chronic wounds prevent the wounds from healing through natural physiological processes. Electrospun biocompatible polymers offer a platform to produce microstructure wound dressing materials that mimic the ECM containing various bioactives to address the deficiencies in the chronic wound healing process. Quantitative characterization of the electrospun fiber microstructure could provide valuable information on using fiber constructs to facilitate wound healing. This work employed a validated image analysis tool to quantitatively explain various parameters for the microstructure of six electrospun fiber constructs, D1{Polycaprolactone (PCL), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Keratin}, D2{PCL, PVA, keratin, Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10)}, D3 (PCL, PVA, keratin, mupirocin), D4 (PCL, PVA, keratin, CoQ10, mupirocin, valsartan), D5 {PVA, Hyaluronic acid (HA)}, and D6 (PVA), using scanning electron microscopy imaging modality.

Results
The fiber intersection density (FID) parameter was quantified in the formulations, e.g., 0.272% for D5 and 0.416% for D4. Orientation histograms for D1 and D6 are characteristic of isotropic materials, while orientations for D2 and D3 indicate anisotropy with 2 preferred orientations in each formulation. D4 and D5 present orientations characteristic of transversely isotropic materials. The tortuosity for D2 and D4 indicates almost straight fiber segments, in contrast with undulated fiber segments in all other formulations. Furthermore, the mean fiber diameter was quantified, e.g., 1.414 and 1.630 mm for D3 and D4, respectively.

Conclusion
Co-electrospun PVA/PCL microfibers offer great potential for controlled delivery of bioactives needed to accelerate the healing of chronic wounds. This image-based analysis technology quantitatively characterized different formulations of electrospun fiber scaffolds. This analysis sets the stage for future study that utilizes microstructural information in finite element biomechanical modeling, to investigate possible influence of structure-based mechanical factors on the ECM restorative potential of wound dressings. Adjustment of electrospinning conditions could produce fabricated constructs like the native ECM structural components with a functional role in wound healing.
Women in otorhinolaryngology; their challenges and perspective: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Salem Eman H. , Khafagy Ahmed Y. , Fadel Michael , Moneir Waleed , El-Tawwab Mohamed Mostafa Abd , Abou-Elsaad Tamer , Khafagy Yasser W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The present study investigates the representation of women in the Otolaryngology department in a tertiary academic hospital, and the challenges they face during their residencies.

Methods
A questionnaire which included demographic information and a series of 54-questions of academic, clinical, social, psychological, and private practice challenges was electronically distributed among female residents registered in the Department of Otolaryngology in the last 10 years (2013–2022) throughout November 2023 to January 2024.

Results
Eighty-one female residents out of 103 registered (78.6%) responded to the distributed questionnaire highlighting the challenges they faced during their training period.

Conclusion
The current study addresses the barriers confronted by female residents in the department as well as identifying potential solutions that might help future encouragement of women to select otolaryngology as their specialty.
Reversible Gynecomastia and Hypogonadism Due to Usage of Commercial Performance-Enhancing Supplement Use
Authors: Chong Serena , Woolnough Catherine A , Koyyalamudi Sundar R , Perera Nimalie J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Commercially available performance-enhancing supplements can contain banned performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) and undisclosed steroid hormones that can induce hormonal abnormalities with associated clinical signs. We present a case of a 40-year-old male who developed bilateral gynecomastia and biochemical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with a corresponding 6-month history of consuming commercially available performance-enhancing supplements for gym workouts. These performance-enhancing supplements were found to contain amounts of RAD-140, a selective androgen receptor modulator, MK-677, a GH secretagogue and cardarine, all of which are banned PEDs. In vitro analysis also detected undisclosed hormones testosterone, estradiol, and GH in all 3 supplements, with further steroid analysis using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry identifying an unidentified compound coeluting close to the testosterone peak. Cessation of these supplements led to full resolution of symptoms including normalization of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This case highlights the need for clinicians to consider commercially available performance-enhancing supplements as potential sources of PEDs and exogenous steroid hormones that can have adverse clinical consequences.
Evaluation of Octopus maya enzyme activity of the digestive gland and gastric juice
Authors: Pineda-Suazo Daisy , Escobedo-Hinojosa Wendy , Fabian-Canseco Lenin E. , Gallardo Pedro , Moguel-Ojeda Cintia , Caamal-Monsreal Claudia , Sánchez-Arteaga Ariadna , Rosas Carlos 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
As the demand for Octopus maya grows, sustainable farming practices become essential to prevent overexploitation, so that farming can be developed as a sustainable alternative to traditional fishing. Understanding the digestive dynamics of the octopus is essential for devising optimal dietary formulations in aquaculture. Despite the progress in understanding cephalopod digestion, little is known about the specific functioning of the digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down protein substrates. This knowledge gap underscores the need for further research to support sustainable O. maya population management. In this paper, dietary formulations are identified for cephalopods by characterizing O. maya digestive enzymes present in the digestive gland and gastric juice. The investigation revealed that acidic proteases showed a peak activity at higher temperatures than alkaline proteases. Inhibitors confirmed the presence of H, L, and D cathepsins. The lower activation energy of alkaline enzymes compared to acidic ones observed highlights an intriguing aspect of O. maya's digestive physiology. This research provides valuable insights into O. maya digestive enzyme functions, representing a significant advancement in formulating diets crucial for successful octopus farming that may help to fully understand its physiology.
Robotic Radical Cholecystectomy: Demonstrating Technical Equivalence to Open Surgery in Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Varty Gurudutt P. , Patkar Shraddha , Gundavda Kaival , Shah Niket , Goel Mahesh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Open radical cholecystectomy is the current “gold standard” for the management of gallbladder cancer. In well-selected patients, robotic radical cholecystectomy (RRC) can be a suitable alternative offering immediate postoperative benefits, such as less blood loss, shorter hospital stay, and fewer complications, while being oncologically equivalent. However, it requires a longer learning curve.1

Methods
This video demonstrates the technical equivalence of the robotic approach when performing portal lymphadenectomy (station 8, 12, and 13) with emphasis on retraction techniques to emulate the open approach. In the case presented, a 40-year-old female patient had an intraluminal gallbladder mass with periportal nodes as revealed by computed tomography. Patient underwent a RRC with portal lymphadenectomy, performed on the DaVinci Xi robotic system. The surgery can be divided into five major steps: (1) Station 16b1 node sampling in the inter-aortocaval region; (2) Right portal lymphadenectomy (station 13, 12b, 12p); (3) Left portal lymphadenectomy (station 8a, 8p, 12a, 12p); (4) Anterior portal lymphadenectomy (station 12a, 12b); and (5) Cholecystectomy with liver wedge resection. The technical nuances of each of these steps is compared with its counterpart in the open approach to demonstrate equivalence. The key element in achieving a thorough oncological clearance is to replicate the retraction techniques of the open approach on the robotic platform by using vessel tapes for portal lymphadenectomy.

Conclusions
There remains little doubt regarding the feasibility and early postoperative benefits of RRC.2 This video demonstrates the equivalence of a standardized technique of robotic portal lymphadenectomy and liver wedge resection to the open approach. However, prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the long-term benefits of the procedure.
Thermal and Cardiovascular Responses during Exertional Heat Stress after Diphenhydramine Use: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: NEWHOUSE DOUGLAS , MIHALCIN EMILY , LEFEBVRE KARLEE , NUCCI MARIO , RAVANELLI NICHOLAS 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Despite sparse systematic evidence, current exercise heat safety recommendations suggest that antihistamines blunt sweating and increase the risk for heat-related injury during exertional heat stress. The primary purpose of the present study was to examine whether diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH), a first-generation antihistamine, affects the sweating, core temperature, and heart rate (HR) response during exertional heat stress using a double-blind randomized crossover design.

Methods
On two occasions separated by >48 h, 20 healthy adults (10 females, 23 ± 3 yr, body surface area: 1.9 ± 0.2 m2, body mass index: 23.7 ± 2.2 kg·m−2) orally consumed either 50 mg of DPH or placebo (PLA), and then rested for 2 h in a climate-controlled room maintained at 30°C and 35% relative humidity (heat index of ~29°C), followed by a 60-min fixed-heat production treadmill walk (6.3 ± 1.0 W·kg−1). Whole-body sweat loss, local sweat rate, rectal temperature (T
rec), and HR were measured.

Results
Whole-body sweat loss was not different between conditions (PLA: 406 ± 78 g, DPH: 396 ± 75 g; P = 0.26, treatment effect: −10 g; 95% confidence interval, −28 to 8). No differences were observed for the onset of sweating (PLA: 13.5 ± 2.4 min, DPH: 13.3 ± 2.7 min; P = 0.79) and steady-state local sweat rate (PLA: 0.83 ± 0.26 mg·cm−2·min−1, DPH: 0.82 ± 0.27 mg·cm−2·min−1; P = 0.99). No difference in baseline T
rec was observed (PLA: 37.09°C ± 0.35°C, DPH: 37.13°C ± 0.33°C; P = 0.68), and the 60-min ΔT
rec was not different (P = 0.99) between PLA (0.83°C ± 0.29°C) and DPH (0.81°C ± 0.30°C). HR was similar at baseline (PLA: 86 ± 13 bpm, DPH: 84 ± 11 bpm; P = 0.30) and end-exercise (PLA: 134 ± 28 bpm, DPH: 132 ± 26 bpm; P = 0.90).

Conclusions
Fifty milligrams of DPH does not modify the sweating, core temperature, and HR response during exertional heat stress in young healthy adults.
Physical Fitness and Exercise Performance of Transgender Women
Authors: SAITONG ATHIWAT , NAEOWONG WITTHAWAT , SUKSOM DAROONWAN , TANAKA HIROFUMI 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In spite of the evolving participation of transgender adults in exercise and sports, research investigating the physical fitness of transgender women remains scarce in the scientific literature.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a variety of reference standard measures of physical fitness of transgender women who had undergone gender-affirming orchiectomy (30 ± 4 yr; n = 15) and who had not (27 ± 4 yr: n = 15) were compared with reference males (28 ± 5 yr; n = 15) and reference females (29 ± 5 yr; n = 15) who were matched for age and estimated physical activity level. Transgender women had been undergoing feminizing gender-affirming therapy for 8 to 10 yr.

Results
Height and lean mass of arms, legs, and trunk (measured via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) of transgender women were greater than those of reference females but lower than those of reference males (all P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in isokinetic muscular torque between reference females and transgender women. Both absolute and relative measures of maximal oxygen consumption were greater in reference males than in reference females and transgender women (all P < 0.05) with no significant difference between the latter two groups. Reference males had greater peak Wingate anaerobic power (expressed in both absolute and relative to body weight), countermovement jump, and squat jump than reference females and transgender women (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in anaerobic power between reference females and transgender women. The results on the field tests, including agility T-test and sprint running acceleration, were consistent with the anaerobic power tests. There were no statistical differences in any of the physical fitness measures between transgender women with and without orchiectomy.

Conclusions
Transgender women demonstrated similar levels of reference standard measures of physical fitness to females that were significantly lower than males.
Pacing Behavior Development: The Role of Task Experience and the Presence of Competitors
Authors: MENTING STEIN GERRIT PAUL , KHUDAIR MOHAMMED , ELFERINK-GEMSER MARIJE TITIA , HETTINGA FLORENTINA JOHANNA 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Self-regulation of effort during exercise (i.e., pacing) is a determinant of exercise performance, which develops during childhood and adolescence. Yet the various aspects of pacing under development, such as the capability to use task experience and retain the task goal in the presence of other competitors, have remained relatively unexplored.

Methods
Nine adolescents (14.9 ± 2.1 yr old) and 14 adults (24.2 ± 3.2 yr old) completed four 4-km cycling trials in a well-controlled laboratory setting. After one familiarization visit, trials were performed in random order: alone, with the goal to finish the trial as fast as possible (AloneTime), with a competitor and the same goal (CompTime), or with a competitor and the goal to finish first (CompFirst). Within each age-group, repeated-measures ANOVA (P < 0.05) examined the differences in the estimated task duration, pacing behavior (distribution of mean power output per 500 m), and performance (finish time) between visits (4) or conditions (3).

Results
In contrast to adults (P < 0.05, η
p
2 > 0.20), adolescents did not exhibit a change in estimation of task duration, pacing behavior, or performance over repeated visits (P > 0.05, η
p
2 < 0.10). Adolescents altered their pacing behavior in the presence of a competitor independent of the task goal (CompTime and CompFirst), whereas adults only demonstrated this alteration when instructed to finish first (CompFirst).

Conclusions
Adolescents are still developing the capability 1) to use experience from previous tasks to adjust their pacing behavior and 2) to inhibit the intuitive action of engaging with the competitor to retain the more abstract task goal of finishing the trial as fast as possible. These findings establish novel experimental evidence for the underpinnings of pacing behavior development.
Metamaterial-inspired infrared electrochromic devices with wideband microwave absorption for multispectral camouflage
Authors: Meng Zhen , Liu Dongqing , Wang Jiafu , Pang Yongqiang , Liu Tianwen , Jia Yan , Gui Boheng , Cheng Haifeng 
Published: August 2024

Infrared (IR) electrochromic devices, capable of dynamically controlling thermal radiation, hold promising applications in adaptive camouflage. However, the strong microwave reflective properties inherent in the device’s electrodes present a significant challenge, rendering them susceptible to radar detection and weakening their camouflage effect. Inspired by the remarkable electromagnetic control capabilities of metamaterials, the integration of frequency selective surfaces into IR electrochromic devices is proposed to address this multispectral compatibility challenge. The designed integrated metadevices simultaneously exhibit large and reversible IR emissivity tunability (Δε≥0.55 at 3–5 μm, Δε≥0.5 at 7.5–13 μm) and wideband microwave absorption (reflection loss ≤−10  dB at 8.5–18 GHz). Furthermore, the monolithic integrated design of the shared barium fluoride substrate offers a simple device architecture, while careful design considerations mitigate coupling between IR electrochromism and microwave wideband absorption. This work introduces opportunities for the development of multispectral adaptive camouflage systems, offering potential advancements in concealment technology.
The impact of the National Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis on filariasis morbidity in Sri Lanka: Comparison of current status with retrospective data following the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem
Authors: Gunaratna Indeewarie E , Chandrasena Nilmini T. G. A , Vallipuranathan Murali , Premaratna Ranjan , Ediriweera Dileepa , de Silva Nilanthi R 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Sri Lanka implemented the National Programme for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (NPELF) in its endemic regions in 2002. Five annual rounds of mass drug administration using the two-drug combination diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole led to sustained reductions in infection rates below threshold levels. In 2016, WHO validated that Sri Lanka eliminated lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem.

Objective
To explore the impact of the NPELF on lymphatic filariasis morbidity in Sri Lanka.

Methods
Passive Case Detection (PCD) data maintained in filaria clinic registries from 2006–2022 for lymphoedema and hospital admission data for managing hydroceles/spermatoceles from 2007–2022 were analyzed. The morbidity status in 2022 and trends in overall and district-wise PCD rates were assessed. Poisson log-linear models were used to assess the trends in PCD for endemic regions, including district-wise trends and hospital admissions for the management of hydroceles/spermatoceles.

Results
In 2022, there were 566 new lymphoedema case visits. The mean (SD) age was 53.9 (16.0) years. The staging was done for 94% of cases, of which 79% were in the early stages (57.3% and 21.4% in stages two and one, respectively). Western Province had the highest caseload (52%), followed by the Southern (32%) and Northwestern (16%) Provinces, respectively. The reported lymphoedema PCD rate in 2022 was 0.61 per 10,000 endemic population. The overall PCD rate showed a decline of 7.6% (95%CI: 4.9% - 10.3%) per year (P < 0.0001) from 2007 to 2022. A steady decline was observed in Colombo, Gampaha and Kurunegala districts, while Kalutara remained static and other districts showed a decline in recent years. Further, admissions for inpatient management of hydroceles/spermatoceles showed a declining trend after 2015.

Conclusions
The PCD rates of lymphoedema and hydroceles/spermatoceles showed a declining trend in Sri Lanka after the implementation of the NPELF.
The cumulative contribution of direct and indirect traumas to the production of PTSD
Authors: Even Dan , Cohen Gregory H. , Wang Ruochen , Galea Sandro 
Published: August 2024

Objective
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects millions of people worldwide. While the relationship between direct exposure to traumatic events and PTSD is well-established, the influence of indirect trauma exposure on PTSD remains unclear. It is similarly unclear what role cumulative exposure to direct and indirect traumas play in the risk of PTSD.

Methods
The study uses data from the Houston Trauma and Recovery Study, conducted on 2020–2021, and involved a random sampling of 1,167 individuals residing in Houston during Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Participants were asked about their experiences related to both Hurricane Harvey and the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic. Exposures were categorized as direct or indirect traumas, in line with the criteria delineated in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Cumulative exposures were also calculated.

Results
Among participants, 12.6% were experiencing current PTSD. There were significant associations between both direct [OR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.85, 5.46] and indirect [OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.05, 3.46] traumas related to Harvey, as well as direct [OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.20, 3.77] and indirect [OR = 1.69, 95% CI 0.93, 3.09] traumas due to COVID and the risk of PTSD in fully adjusted models. Further, significant associations were found between the cumulative exposure to traumas from both Hurricane Harvey and COVID-19 and the risk of PTSD, considering both direct [OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.36, 4.70] and indirect exposures [OR = 2.79, 95% CI 1.47, 5.28].

Conclusions
Our study offers support for connections between exposure to both direct and indirect traumas stemming from large-scale disasters and PTSD. Moreover, we show that cumulative exposures to multiple large-scale events increase the risk of PTSD. This highlights the importance of the consideration of a range of exposures as risks for PTSD, particularly in a time of compounding disasters and broad population exposures to these events.
Community-based health insurance beneficiaries’ satisfaction on laboratory services and associated factors in selected public hospitals in Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, Southwest, Ethiopia
Authors: Getachew Nigusu , Girma Mujahid , Sahilemariam Zewudineh , Kabeta Temesgen , Arora Amit 
Published: August 2024

Background
The community-based health insurance (CBHI) scheme is a growing initiative aimed at enhancing healthcare access for the most impoverished members of the community. The Ethiopian CBHI scheme aims to enhance access to essential healthcare services, including medical laboratory services, for the poorest members of the community, but there is limited evidence on satisfaction levels. The aim of this study was to assess the satisfaction level of CBHI beneficiaries with laboratory services and their associated factors among selected public hospitals in Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on selected public hospitals in the Jimma Zone from September to October 2023. A total of 421 CBHI beneficiaries were enrolled in the study using a convenient sampling technique, and interviewers administered structured questionnaires to collect data. Data were entered into Epi-data and analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 25. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize independent variables; bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to test the association between independent and dependent variables; and statistical significance was declared at P<0.05.

Results
More than half (55.8%) of the 419 study participants were female. Above half, 57.5% of the respondents were satisfied by the clinical laboratory services at public hospitals in Jimma Zone. Components with a higher satisfaction rate were providers’ professional appearances (98.3%), procedures for specimen collection (87.6%), and availability of entertainment facilities at the waiting area (67.8%). On the contrary, longer waiting times to receive the test results (76.6%), inefficiency of the reception area (74.7%), and the inability of professionals to explain diagnostic procedures (58.0%) were associated with higher rates of dissatisfaction. Educational status and the number of hospital visits were found to have a statistically significant association with level of satisfaction with laboratory services.

Conclusions
CBHI beneficiaries’ satisfaction with laboratory service was at a moderate level in Jimma Zone public hospitals. Therefore, attention should be given to continuous monitoring of patients’ satisfaction with services, improving reception areas, and practicing routine explanations about the purposes and procedures during specimen collection to improve the beneficiaries’ satisfaction level with clinical laboratory services.