bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous middle turbinate with choanal obstruction and maxillary sinusitis: a case report
Authors: Kim Yong-Wan , Lee Jung-Hoon , Hong Sung-Lyong , Cho Kyu-Sup 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Although several anatomical anomalies in the middle turbinate have been reported, they usually remain asymptomatic. However, complicated aberrant middle turbinate extending through the choana to the contralateral nasopharynx has not been reported.

Case presentation
A 23-year-old Korean woman presented with a 6-month history of nasal obstruction and postnasal discharge refractory to medical treatment. An endoscopic examination revealed an abnormal middle turbinate, and a pedunculated nasal mass covered with normal mucosa that originated from the right lateral nasal wall filled most of the right posterior choana and extended to the left nasopharynx across the posterior free edge of the nasal septum. Computed tomography of the paranasal sinus showed abnormal bony trabeculation from the posterior bony attachment of the right middle turbinate to the left posterior nasopharyngeal wall. In addition, right maxillary sinusitis was observed. From these findings, the lesion was suspected to be an abnormal configuration of the right middle turbinate with secondary maxillary sinusitis and was successfully treated by resection of the malformed middle turbinate and middle meatal antrostomy.

Conclusions
Although this case illustrates a very rare developmental anomaly of the middle turbinate, thorough knowledge of the development of and anatomical anomalies associated with the middle turbinate is of utmost importance to perform proper sinus surgery and avoid complications. Therefore, these findings should be considered by otolaryngologists, and careful examination of the nasal cavity is necessary to determine the existence of this rare anomaly.
Metabolic cost and mechanics of walking in women with fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: MacPhee Renée S , McFall Kristen , Perry Stephen D , Tiidus Peter M 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FS) is characterized by the presence of widespread pain, fatigue, muscle weakness and reduced work capacity. Previous research has demonstrated that women with fibromyalgia have altered walking (gait) patterns, which may be a consequence of muscular pain. This altered gait is characterized by greater reliance on hip flexors rather than ankle plantar flexors and resembles gait patterns seen in normal individuals walking at higher speeds, suggesting that gait of individuals with fibromyalgia may be less efficient.
This study compared rates of energy expenditure of 6 females with FS relative to 6 normal, age and weight matched controls, at various walking speeds on a motorized treadmill. Metabolic measurements including V02 (ml/kg/min), respirations, heart rate and calculated energy expenditures as well as the Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion scale ratings were determined at baseline and for 10 min while walking at each of 2, 4 and 5 km/hour on 1% grade. Kinematic recordings of limb and body movements while treadmill walking and separate measurements of ground reaction forces while walking over ground were also determined. In addition, all subjects completed the RAND 36-Item Health Survey (1.0).

Findings
Gait analysis results were similar to previous reports of altered gait patterns in FS females. Despite noticeable differences in gait patterns, no significant differences (p > 0.05) existed between the FS and control subjects on any metabolic measures at any walking speed. Total number of steps taken was also similar between groups. Ratings on the Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion, the RAND and self-reported levels of pain indicated significantly greater (p < 0.05) perceived effort and pain in FS subjects relative to control subjects during walking and daily activities.

Conclusions
The altered gait patterns and greater perceptions of effort and pain did not significantly increase the metabolic costs of walking in women with FS and hence, increased sensations of fatigue in FS women may not be related to alteration in metabolic cost of ambulation.
Experimental measurement of tympanic membrane response for finite element model validation of a human middle ear
Authors: Ahn Tae-Soo , Baek Moo-Jin , Lee Dooho 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The middle ear consists of a tympanic membrane, ligaments, tendons, and three ossicles. An important function of the tympanic membrane is to deliver exterior sound stimulus to the ossicles and inner ear. In this study, the responses of the tympanic membrane in a human ear were measured and compared with those of a finite element model of the middle ear. A laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) was used to measure the dynamic responses of the tympanic membrane, which had the measurement point on the cone of light of the tympanic membrane. The measured subjects were five Korean male adults and a cadaver. The tympanic membranes were stimulated using pure-tone sine waves at 18 center frequencies of one-third octave band over a frequency range of 200 Hz ~10 kHz with 60 and 80 dB sound pressure levels. The measured responses were converted into the umbo displacement transfer function (UDTF) with a linearity assumption. The measured UDTFs were compared with the calculated UDTFs using a finite element model for the Korean human middle ear. The finite element model of the middle ear consists of three ossicles, a tympanic membrane, ligaments, and tendons. In the finite element model, the umbo displacements were calculated under a unit sound pressure on the tympanic membrane. The UDTF of the finite element model exhibited good agreement with that of the experimental one in low frequency range, whereas in higher frequency band, the two response functions deviated from each other, which demonstrates that the finite element model should be updated with more accurate material properties and/or a frequency dependent material model.
Commercial versus synthesized polymers for soil erosion control and growth of Chinese cabbage
Authors: Lee Sang Soo , Chang Scott X , Chang Yoon-Young , Ok Yong Sik 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Soil erosion leads to environmental degradation and reduces soil productivity. The use of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) and synthesized biopolymer (BP) using lignin, corn starch, acrylamide, and acrylic acid were tested to evaluate soil erosion, water quality, and growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.). Each treatment of PAM and BP was applied at 200 kg ha-1 to loamy sand soil and subjected to a slope of 36% with a 20 mm h-1 simulated rainfall. Application of BP decreased soil pH compared to the untreated check (CK); however, the soil pH was not altered with PAM. The decrease in pH might most likely be due to availability of anionic sites to be protonated on soils having pH >6 and soil buffering capacity. Both PAM and BP applications may not induce eutrophication with stable levels of total contents of N and P. With PAM and BP, the average values of suspended soil (SS) and turbidity were reduced by up to 96.0 and 99.9%, respectively, compared to CK. Reduction of SS can be attributed to increasing soil stability and shear strength by clay flocculation. There was no toxicity effects resulting from germination tests and the dry weight was increased by 17.7% (vs. CK) when PAM and BP were applied. These results are attributed to increases in water retention and plant-available water. The use of polymeric soil amendments is an environmentally friendly way to mitigate soil erosion and nonpoint source pollution.
Retrograde endoscopic lithotripsy using the innovative nanosecond electropulse method
Authors: Gudkov Alexander , Boshchenko Vacheslav , Petlin Alexander , Afonin Vladimir , Diamant Valery , Lerner Marat 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this clinical study is to assess the safety and efficiency of a novel lithotripsy method for endoscopic treatment of urinary stones throughout the urinary tract via semi-rigid and flexible endoscopes. This new method is based on the transfer of nanosecond high voltage electric pulses to the stones through flexible probes of various sizes.

Methods
The study involved 879 patients aged 19-88 with renal, ureter and bladder calculi. Gender distribution: 46.3% female and 53.7% male. The prospective single-arm study took place at three centers. The goal of the clinical study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel lithotripsy method. All treatments were performed retrograde transurethrally. A variety of probes were used for stone fragmentation at different locations. Auxiliary treatments and adverse events were recorded as per protocol. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software.

Results
Nanosecond electropulse lithotripsy (NEPL) was found to be technically feasible for all patients with stones located in the kidney, UPJ, ureter and bladder. It requires only a few dozen pulses to disintegrate stones while causing only minor stone migration. The overall stone-free rate in the study was 96%. The average time required for executing the entire procedure was 45±28 min. The overwhelming majority of intraoperative complications occurred due to endoscopic manipulation when using a rigid ureterorenoscope and not due to lithotripsy impact.

Conclusions
NEPL is a new, efficient and safe method for urinary stone disintegration that can be used throughout the urinary tract using rigid and flexible endoscopes. Intraoperative complications of the NEPL procedure do not exceed the percentage of adverse effects observed in other lithotripsy methods. The main advantages of relatively low-cost NEPL are fast stone fragmentation requiring only a few dozen pulses to disintegrate stones, tissue safety and availability of highly flexible probes for treating stones in the lower pole through a flexible ureterorenoscope.
Cesium-adsorbent Geopolymer Foams Based on Silica from Rice Husk and Metakaolin
Authors: López Francisco J , Sugita Satoshi , Kobayashi Takaomi 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Geopolymer foam materials could function as adsorbents for cesium ions. Geopolymer foams showing cesium adsorption were prepared by condensing a mixture of metakaolin and alkali solution at 100 °C in the presence of silica from rice husk powder, and they showed effective adsorption of cesium.
Editorial
Authors: Farré Jordi , Barnett Julie 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This editorial address is intended as an opening reflection on food research dynamics at European level where the issues to be faced and the approaches to doing so are increasingly complex. Our proposal here is to consider these issues and the activities within which they are embedded as a series of communicative processes. We will seek to provide an overview of some of the intense and controversial debates around food, health and communication that open up a range of topics for research in Europe. These debates involve negotiations within and between public institutions, private organizations, a multiplicity of stakeholder groups, traditional and social media and consumers. Controversial processes of sense making span across corporate communications, social movements’ insights, and an increasingly visible and established rhetoric around individual choices and responsibilities. These processes result in a fertile and productive terrain both for food and health campaigns across Europe and an associated wide ranging research agenda. Our networked era, moving beyond traditional media is thus changing and challenging organizational and institutional forms of communication. This becomes visible in the hard struggle for constituting and imposing claims about food and its meanings.
Communication, media and genetically modified food: A politicized reading
Authors: Maeseele Pieter 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The recent horsemeat scandal raises many important questions about technological developments in food production. First discussed is why food production and consumption practices should be recognized as late modern risks and which analytical perspective in the domain of media and science is called for to study related food communication and media practices. However, since many democratic challenges arise, a perspective is put forward that draws on several studies of genetically modified food and enables an evaluation of public and media discourses and the extent to which they contribute to democratic debate. More specifically, discussed is how a politicized reading illustrates the extent to which there is a struggle between politicization and de-politicization processes in these discourses, illustrating the ideological nature of communication practices on food. Particular attention will be devoted to the role of arguments about science in discursive practices and the strategies that characterize these discourses.
Food Trend Trotters: A new approach to communicating food trends and innovations
Authors: Riesco Sonia 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article describes the Food Trend Trotters initiative of the AZTI-Tecnalia Food Research Centre and Trend Trotters, which uses travel to generate innovation in the field of scientific research and improve the dissemination of scientific achievements. The text offers some experience-based reflections on food surveillance and communication.
Walter Ong as teacher: The conversation continues
Authors: Zlatic Thomas D. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article examines how the qualities that Walter Ong admired in excellent teachers interrelate with themes from his many publications, as teaching and scholarship converge into conversation that deals ‘with the core of human experience’. In his teaching and his scholarship, Ong’s conversation was rooted in personalist, evolutionary and ecological thinking. One focus of Ong’s scholarship was how communications technology influences interpersonal relationships and our concept of what constitutes knowing. He called attention to the fact that new technologies can obscure the inherently dialogic nature of thinking and was motivated in his media ecology work to identify how visualist models of noetics might be supplemented by auditory models, including an ‘oral hermeneutic’ that situates knowing within holistic dialogue. The traits that Ong admired in his teachers were ones that he emulated in his own teaching. In particular, his description of Marshall McLuhan is particularly apt for himself: his ‘probes’ were ‘a way of teaching, if teaching means getting people to think’.
Creep and Fatigue Behavior in Micro-alloyed Steels – A Review
Authors: Raj A. , Goswami B. , Ray A.K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis is a study of microalloyed steels for power plants and reactors. Components operate at coal dust fire temperature or thermal states of reactors, prone to creep during its service. This is to assess remaining life after passage of valuable life by variation in microstructure, e.g. cavity formation. Precipitation at the sub-grain boundaries and grain interior has increased high temperature strength. Coarsening of these appears at the end of life. Variation of heat treatment like spheroidising in place of solutionizing has been responsive to deteriorate performance. Dislocation interplay with precipitate has been acceptable while interaction among dislocations to forest dislocation has been unacceptable. Dislocation assisted nucleation of precipitates of fine size has been found to strengthen steel by thermo-mechanical control process with in greater heating temperature and lower finish rolling temperature. High temperature performance of materials has been assessed by creep, accelerated creep, creep-fatigue and fatigue performances. Increasing temperature for increasing efficiency has correlated the phase transformation of steel. Fatigue performances have been included in creep properties of materials when intermittent shut down–shut up schedules are operated, e.g. peaking power plants.
How adaptive and maladaptive humor influence well-being at work: A diary study
Authors: Guenter Hannes , Schreurs Bert , Van Emmerik IJ. Hetty , Gijsbers Wout , Van Iterson Ad 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate how adaptive and maladaptive humor influence well-being in the workplace. In particular, this study examines the extent to which reactions from others (i.e., humor targets) can moderate the relationship between humor and well-being. Unlike prior research, we adopted a
Fabrication of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells by printing and high-pressure sintering process
Authors: Gao Feng , Maeda Tsuyoshi , Wada Takahiro 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe fabricated Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells by a printing and high-pressure sintering (PHS) process. First, the CZTSSe solid solution powders were synthesized by heating the elemental mixtures at 550oC for 5 h in an N2 gas atmosphere. We fabricated CZTSSe films by a printing and high-pressure sintering (PHS) process. The obtained dense CZTSSe film was post-annealed at 550oC for 10 min under an N2 +5% H2S gas atmosphere. We fabricated CZTSSe solar cells with the device structure of Ag/ITO/i-ZnO/CdS/CZTSSe/Mo/soda-lime glass. The CZTSSe solar cell showed an efficiency of 2.1%, with Voc of 272 mV, Jsc of 18.0 mA/cm2 and FF of 0.44.
Spectral Calibrated and Confocal Photoluminescence of Cu2S Thin-Film Absorber
Authors: Sträter Hendrik , Brüggemann Rudolf , Siol Sebastian , Klein Andreas , Jaegermann Wolfram , Bauer Gottfried H. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe have studied Cu2S absorber layers prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) by calibrated spectral photoluminescence (PL) and by confocal PL as function of temperature T and excitation fluxes to obtain the absolute PL-yield at an excitation flux equivalent to the AM1.5 spectrum and to calculate the splitting of the quasi-Fermi levels (QFL) µ = Ef,n-Ef,p and the absorption coefficient α(E), both in the temperature range 20 K ≤ T ≤ 400 K. The PL-spectra reveal two peaks at E1 = 1.17 eV and E2 = 1.3 eV, of which the low energy peak is only detectable at temperatures T < 200 K. The samples show an impressive QFL-splitting of µ > 700 meV at 300 K associated with a pseudo band gap of Eg = 1.25 eV. The high energy peak shows an unexpected temperature behavior, namely an increase of the PL-yield with rising temperature at variance with the behavior of QFL-splitting that decreases with rising T from extrapolated T = 0K value of µ = 1.3 eV. The PL-yield versus temperature will be discussed in terms of different defect states in the band gap. Our observations indicate that, contrary to common believe, it is not the PL-yield, but rather the QFL-splitting that is the comprehensive indicator of the quality of the excited state in an illuminated semiconductor. A further examination of the lateral variation of the opto-electronic properties by confocal PL shows a strong correlation between the QFL-splitting, the Urbach energy EU and the optical band gap Eopt, respectively.
Formation of Ga2O3 barrier layer in Cu(InGa)Se2 superstrate devices with ZnO buffer layer
Authors: Larsen Jes K. , Xin Peipei , Shafarman William N. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe junction formation when Cu(InGa)Se2 is deposited onto ZnO in a superstrate configuration (glass/window/buffer/Cu(InGa)Se2/contact) is investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and analysis of device behavior. When Cu(InGa)Se2 is deposited on ZnO, a Ga2O3 layer is formed at the interface. Approaches to avoid the formation of this unfavorable interlayer are investigated. This includes modifications of the process to reduce the thermal load during deposition and improvement of the thermal stability of the ZnO buffer layer. It was demonstrated that both lowering of the substrate deposition temperature and deposition of the ZnO buffer layer at elevated temperature limits the Ga2O3 formation. The presence of Ga2O3 at the junction does affect the device behavior, resulting in a kink in JV curves measured under illumination. This behavior is absent in devices with limited Ga2O3 formation.
A low temperature, single step, pulsed d.c magnetron sputtering technique for copper indium gallium diselenide photovoltaic absorber layers
Authors: Karthikeyan Sreejith , Nagaich Kushagra , Hill Arthur E , Pilkington Richard D , Campbell Stephen A 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPulsed d.c Magnetron Sputtering (PdcMS) has been investigated for the first time to study the deposition of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin films for photovoltaic applications. Pulsing the d.c. in the mid frequency region enhances the ion intensity and enables long term arc-free operation for the deposition of high resistivity materials such as CIGS. It has the potential to produce films with good crystallinity, even at low substrate temperatures. However, the technique has not generally been applied to the absorber layers for photovoltaic applications. The growth of stoichiometric p-type CIGS with the desired electro-optical properties has always been a challenge, particularly over large areas, and has involved multiple steps often including a dangerous selenization process to compensate for selenium vacancies. The films deposited by PdcMS had a nearly ideal composition (Cu0.75In0.88Ga0.12Se2) as deposited at substrate temperatures ranging from no intentional heating to 400 °C. The films were found to be very dense and pin-hole free. The stoichiometry was independent of heating during the deposition, but the grain size increased with substrate temperature, reaching about ∼ 150 nm at 400 °C. Hot probe analysis showed that the layers were p-type. The physical, structural and optical properties of these films were analyzed using SEM, EDX, XRD, and UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy. The material characteristics suggest that these films can be used for solar cell applications. This novel ion enhanced single step low temperature deposition technique may have a critical role in flexible and tandem solar cell applications compared to other conventional techniques which require higher temperatures.
Carrier density in p-type ZnTe with nitrogen and copper doping
Authors: Abazari Maryam , Ahmad Faisal R , Raghavan Kamala C , Cournoyer James R , Her Jae-Hyuk , Davis Robert , Chera John , Smentkowski Vince , Korevaar Bas A 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate deposition methods and conditions that allow the control of the electrical properties of doped ZnTe grown by RF magnetron sputtering using both nitrogen and copper as dopants. The carrier density of the films was characterized using a van der Pauw Hall effect measurement method. We demonstrate how the concentration of nitrogen in the plasma during the growth of the film impacts the conductivity of the ZnTe films. Films with hole concentrations in excess of 1018 cm-3 and a high degree of crystallinity were successfully grown. Similarly, we demonstrate that the hole concentration in the Cu-doped ZnTe can be varied by varying the amount of copper introduced in the films. We also observe that annealing the copper doped ZnTe films increases the carrier density, whereas annealing the nitrogen doped ZnTe films causes a decrease in carrier concentration and conductivity.
CdTe Solar Cells: Processing Limits and Defect Chemistry Effects on Open Circuit Voltage
Authors: McCandless Brian E. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe role of CdTe solar cell processing on the defect chemistry that limits open circuit voltage (VOC) is addressed in the thermochemical processing regimes commonly encountered in present-generation CdTe devices. The highest VOC is 0.91 V for a bulk CdTe crystal with ITO which is only marginally higher than VOC = 0.86 V obtained for polycrystalline CdTe films with CdS. Both fall ∼0.4 V short of the VOC expected for CdTe, having band gap EG = 1.5 eV. The present >16% efficient superstrate CdTe cell uses a process based on high-temperature, T > 500°C, CdTe growth on CdS, coupled with optimized methods for incorporating oxygen, sulfur, copper, and chloride species in the CdTe film. Pushing cell conversion efficiencies beyond 20% will require increasing VOC beyond 1V. However the present pathway of processing optimization will likely yield VOC and efficiency converging on 0.9 V and <20%, respectively.