bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Characterization of Islet Remodeling in Development and in Diabetes Using Mass Cytometry
Authors: Toledo Maria Pilar , Xie Gengqiang , Wang Yue J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The pancreatic islet is the functional and structural unit of the pancreatic endocrine portion. Islet remodeling occurs in both normal development and pathogenesis of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, accurately quantifying changes in islet cellular makeup and hormone expressions poses significant challenges due to large intra- and inter-donor heterogeneity and the limited scalability of traditional methods such as immunostaining. The cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) technology enables simultaneous quantification of more than 30 protein markers at single-cell resolution in a high-throughput fashion. Moreover, with distinct DNA and viability markers, single live cells can be explicitly selected in CyTOF. Here, leveraging the CyTOF data generated by the Human Pancreas Analysis Program, we characterized more than 12 million islet cells from 71 donors. Our data revealed continued age-related changes in islet endocrine cell compositions, but the maturity of endocrine cells is reached by 3 years of age. We also observed significant changes in beta cell numbers and key protein expressions, along with a significant increase in bihormonal cells in T1D donors. In contrast, T2D donors exhibited minimal islet remodeling events. Our data shine a light on the islet dynamics during development and diabetes pathogenesis and suggest divergent pathogenesis processes of T1D and T2D. Our comprehensive approach not only elucidates islet plasticity but also establishes a foundation for integrated CyTOF analysis in islet biology and beyond.
Impact of Sugammadex Introduction on Using Neuromuscular Blockade and Endotracheal Intubation in a Pediatric Hospital: A Retrospective, Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Brown Sydney E.S. , Cassidy Ruth , Zhao Xinyi , Nause-Osthoff Rebecca , Wade Meridith , Wagner Deborah , Haydar Bishr , Chimbira Wilson , Kheterpal Sachin , Colquhoun Douglas A. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Sugammadex is a neuromuscular blockade (NMB) reversal agent introduced in the United States in 2016, which allows the reversal of deep NMB, not possible with neostigmine. Few data describe associated practice changes, if any, in NMB medication use that may have resulted from its availability. We hypothesized that after institutional introduction, use of NMB agents increased. Furthermore, as NMB medication is typically used when the airway has been secured with an endotracheal tube (ETT), we speculated that ETT use may have also increased over the same time period as a result of sugammadex availability.

METHODS:
This was a single-center cross-sectional study of patients ages 2 to 17 years undergoing general anesthesia for surgical cases where anesthesia providers often have discretion over NMB medication use or whether to use an ETT versus a laryngeal mask airway (LMA), comparing the time periods 2014 to 2016 (presugammadex) to 2017 to 2019 (early sugammadex) and 2020 to 2022 (established sugammadex). Outcomes included use of (1) any nondepolarizing NMB medication during the case and (2) an ETT versus LMA. We used generalized linear mixed models to examine changes in practice patterns over time. We also examined whether patient age group and in-room provider (resident versus certified registered nurse anesthetist [CRNA]) were associated with increased NMB medication or ETT use.

RESULTS:
There were 25,638 eligible anesthetics. Patient and surgical characteristics were similar across time periods. In adjusted analyses, the odds of NMB medication use increased from 2017 to 2019 (odds ratio [OR], 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–1.75) and 2020 to 2022 (OR, 5.62, 95% CI, 4.96–6.37) relative to 2014 to 2016, and were higher in older children (age 6–11 years vs 2–5 years OR, 1.81, 95% CI, 1.63–2.01; age 12–17 years vs 2–5 years OR, 7.01, 95% CI, 6.19–7.92) and when the primary in-room provider was a resident rather than a CRNA (OR, 1.24, 95% CI, 1.12–1.37). The odds of ETT use declined 2017 to 2019 (OR, 0.69, 95% CI, 0.63–0.75) and 2020 to 2022 (OR, 0.71, 95% CI, 0.65–0.78), more so in older children (age 6–11 years vs 2–5 years OR, 0.45, 95% CI, 0.42–0.49; age 12–17 years vs 2–5 years OR, 0.28, 95% CI, 0.25–0.31). Resident presence at induction was associated with increased odds of ETT use (OR, 1.50, 95% CI, 1.38–1.62).

CONCLUSIONS:
The decision to use NMB medication as part of an anesthetic plan increased substantially after sugammadex became available, particularly in older children and cases staffed by residents. ETT use declined over the study period.
Excess microtubule and F-actin formation mediates shortening and loss of primary cilia in response to a hyperosmotic milieu
Authors: Otani Hiroshi , Nakazato Ryota , Koike Kanae , Ohta Keisuke , Ikegami Koji 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The primary cilium is a small organelle protruding from the cell surface that receives signals from the extracellular milieu. Although dozens of studies have reported that several genetic factors can impair the structure of primary cilia, evidence for environmental stimuli affecting primary cilia structures is limited. Here, we investigated an extracellular stress that affected primary cilia morphology and its underlying mechanisms. Hyperosmotic shock induced reversible shortening and disassembly of the primary cilia of murine intramedullary collecting duct cells. The shortening of primary cilia caused by hyperosmotic shock followed delocalization of the pericentriolar material (PCM). Excessive microtubule and F-actin formation in the cytoplasm coincided with the hyperosmotic shock-induced changes to primary cilia and the PCM. Treatment with a microtubule-disrupting agent, nocodazole, partially prevented the hyperosmotic shock-induced disassembly of primary cilia and almost completely prevented delocalization of the PCM. An actin polymerization inhibitor, latrunculin A, also partially prevented the hyperosmotic shock-induced shortening and disassembly of primary cilia and almost completely prevented delocalization of the PCM. We demonstrate that hyperosmotic shock induces reversible morphological changes in primary cilia and the PCM in a manner dependent on excessive formation of microtubule and F-actin.
Characterization of the small Arabidopsis thaliana GTPase and ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 protein TITAN 5
Authors: Mohr Inga , Mirzaiebadizi Amin , Sanyal Sibaji K. , Chuenban Pichaporn , Ahmadian Mohammad R. , Ivanov Rumen , Bauer Petra 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Small GTPases switch between GDP- and GTP-bound states during cell signaling. The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family of small GTPases is involved in vesicle trafficking. Although evolutionarily well conserved, little is known about ARF and ARF-like GTPases in plants. We characterized biochemical properties and cellular localization of the essential small ARF-like GTPase TITAN 5 (TTN5; also known as HALLIMASCH, ARL2 and ARLC1) from Arabidopsis thaliana, and two TTN5 proteins with point mutants in conserved residues, TTN5T30N and TTN5Q70L, that were expected to be unable to perform nucleotide exchange and GTP hydrolysis, respectively. TTN5 exhibited very rapid intrinsic nucleotide exchange and remarkably low GTP hydrolysis activity, functioning as a non-classical small GTPase being likely present in a GTP-loaded active form. We analyzed signals from YFP–TTN5 and HA3–TTN5 by in situ immunolocalization in Arabidopsis seedlings and through use of a transient expression system. Colocalization with endomembrane markers and pharmacological treatments suggests that TTN5 can be present at the plasma membrane and that it dynamically associates with membranes of vesicles, Golgi stacks and multivesicular bodies. Although TTN5Q70L mirrored wild-type TTN5 behavior, the TTN5T30N mutant differed in some aspects. Hence, the unusual rapid nucleotide exchange activity of TTN5 is linked with its membrane dynamics, and TTN5 likely has a role in vesicle transport within the endomembrane system.
A multi-peak performance landscape for scale biting in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes
Authors: Tan Anson , St. John Michelle , Chau Dylan , Clair Chloe , Chan HoWan , Holzman Roi , Martin Christopher H. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The physical interactions between organisms and their environment ultimately shape diversification rates, but the contributions of biomechanics to evolutionary divergence are frequently overlooked. Here, we estimated a performance landscape for biting in an adaptive radiation of Cyprinodon pupfishes, including scale-biting and molluscivore specialists, and compared performance peaks with previous estimates of the fitness landscape in this system. We used high-speed video to film feeding strikes on gelatin cubes by scale eater, molluscivore, generalist and hybrid pupfishes and measured bite dimensions. We then measured five kinematic variables from 227 strikes using the SLEAP machine-learning model. We found a complex performance landscape with two distinct peaks best predicted gel-biting performance, corresponding to a significant non-linear interaction between peak gape and peak jaw protrusion. Only scale eaters and their hybrids were able to perform strikes within the highest performance peak, characterized by larger peak gapes and greater jaw protrusion. A performance valley separated this peak from a lower performance peak accessible to all species, characterized by smaller peak gapes and less jaw protrusion. However, most individuals exhibited substantial variation in strike kinematics and species could not be reliably distinguished by their strikes, indicating many-to-many mapping of morphology to performance. The two performance peaks observed in the lab were partially consistent with estimates of a two-peak fitness landscape measured in the wild, with the exception of the new performance peak for scale eaters. We thus reveal a new bimodal non-linear biomechanical model that connects morphology to performance to fitness in a sympatric radiation of trophic niche specialists.
Systematic Cholecystectomy During Cytoreductive Surgery Plus HIPEC: A Critical Analysis of an Empirical Tradition
Authors: Gonzalez-Gil Alida , Gomez-Ruiz Álvaro Jesús , Gonzalez-Pérez Carmen , Gil-Gomez Elena , Olivares-Ripoll Vicente , Martinez Jerónimo , Barceló Francisco , Cascales-Campos Pedro Antonio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Some procedures performed during cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are based on empirical data. One of these procedures is systematic cholecystectomy. This study aimed to perform a critical analysis of the need for systematic cholecystectomy during CRS+HIPEC of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis using long-term follow-up data.

Methods
Patients with peritoneal surface malignancies who were candidates for CRS+HIPEC and underwent surgery between January 2008 and December 2022 were analyzed. For patients with gallbladder involvement due to the disease or for patients whose preoperative study showed the presence of cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy was performed as part of the surgery, which was avoided for the remaining patients. All postoperative adverse events that occurred in the first 90 days were recorded, and clinical records focused on the development of biliary pathology during the follow-up period were studied.

Results
The results from a consecutive series of 443 patients with peritoneal surface malignancies who underwent surgery between January 2008 and December 2022 were analyzed. The average age of the cohort was 50 years. The median follow-up period for the cohort was 41 months (range, 12–180 months), with a disease-free survival of 17 months. For 373 of the patients, CRS+HIPEC was completed without an associated cholecystectomy, and in 16 of them, the appearance of cholelithiasis was detected during the follow-up period. Only two patients in the series showed complications derived from gallstones and required a delayed cholecystectomy.

Conclusions
Although cholecystectomy is a safe procedure in the context of CRS+HIPEC, it is not risk free, and its routine performance may be unnecessary.
Virtual encounter simulations for comparing public expectations about the role of the welfare state
Authors: Mueller Georg P. 
Published: July 2024

By the end of September 2022, a plebiscite about a new pension law suggested once more that the western Swiss region of the Arc Lémanique (AL) is politically different from the rest of Switzerland. Newspapers argued that this is the result of the proximity to France with the same language as the AL.
This paper tries to find out, how far the political opinions of the AL are away from the rest of Switzerland and how close they are to France. For this purpose, the author presents a new methodology from computational social science: virtual encounter simulations, which he successfully applied in an earlier publication to similar problems. It is based on the idea of using survey data for the construction of random-dyads of persons, who can subsequently be compared with regard to their political attitudes. By averaging the inter-individual differences of dyads of persons belonging to the same group and dyads belonging to different groups it is possible to compare ideological inter-group with intra-group conflicts.
In order to tackle the initial research question, the author analyses the international survey ISSP-V (2016), focussed on the role of government, also with regard to the mentioned old age pensions. Virtual encounter simulations reveal that the AL is ideologically much closer to German speaking Switzerland than originally expected.
Breastfeeding in women with HIV infection: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators
Authors: Chaparro Aida I. , Formul Dieunane , Vasquez Stephanie , Cianelli Rosina , Gonzalez Ivan A. , Scott Gwendolyn , De Santis Joseph P. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Until recently, breastfeeding has been contraindicated for women living with HIV (WHIV) in the U.S. However, given the numerous health benefits of breastfeeding, recommendations have changed to support parental choice to breastfeed through shared decision-making. Although specific guidelines for managing the care of these women and their infants are not yet available, various approaches have been successful without infants acquiring HIV from their virologically suppressed mothers, thus, establishing breastfeeding as a viable option for the rising number of interested WHIV. This descriptive qualitative study aimed to identify factors influencing infant feeding choices decisions among WHIV in a multiethnic and multicultural population.

Methods and findings
A qualitative description design was used. WHIV who had given birth within 6 months were recruited using purposeful sampling. Data were collected using a semistructured interview guide in the participant’s preferred language. Content analysis was used, and barriers and facilitators were separated and used to generate the themes and categories. In total, 20 participants were interviewed, and from these interviews, 11 barriers and 14 facilitators that influenced the decision to breastfeed were identified. Major barriers were related to the interference with daily activities, fear of transmission, lack of a standardized approach to education, and maternal concerns. Key facilitators included the benefits and advantages of breastmilk, access to more scientific research information on breastfeeding in the context of HIV, advice from a lactation consultant, emotional connection and attachment with the child, support from family and partners, empowering and supporting autonomy and decision-making about infant feeding, providing feeding choices, access to the lived experiences of women who have successfully breastfed their infants, and collaborative relationship with the physician and other healthcare providers.

Conclusion
The study identified barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding among WHIV that may influence their infant feeding decision-making process. More research is needed to guide the standardization of institutional policies and develop strategies to support breastfeeding in this population.
Preventive effects of a nutraceutical mixture of berberine, citrus and apple extracts on metabolic disturbances in Zucker fatty rats
Authors: Siliman Misha Mohamed , Destrumelle Sandrine , Le Jan Dylan , Mansour Nahla M. , Fizanne Lionel , Ouguerram Khadija , Desfontis Jean-Claude , Mallem Mohamed-Yassine 
Published: July 2024

Background
The prevention of obesity represents a major health and socio-economic challenge. Nutraceuticals are regularly highlighted for their beneficial effects in preventing the metabolic disturbances associated with obesity. However, few studies have described the combined action of nutraceutical mixtures combining polyphenols with alkaloids.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term dietary supplementation with a mixture of Berberine, Citrus and Apple extracts (BCA) in the primary prevention of obesity and its metabolic and vascular complications in the obese Zucker rat, a spontaneous model of genetic obesity and insulin resistance.

Methods
Sixteen 8-week-old obese Zucker male rats were randomly divided into two groups: all rats received oral gavage daily either with water, untreated obese (U-ObZ) or BCA (BCA-ObZ) mixture for thirteen weeks. Morphological and metabolic parameters were measured along the study. Cumulative concentration-response curves to insulin, acetylcholine and phenylephrine were determined on isolated thoracic aorta. Colon permeability measurements were performed using the Ussing chamber technique. Fecal samples collected at the beginning and the end of the protocol were used as a template for amplification of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rDNA genes.

Results
BCA supplementation reduced weight gain (p<0.05) and food intake (p<0.05) in the BCA-ObZ group rats compared to the U-ObZ group rats. It also improved glucose tolerance (p<0.001) and decreased fasting insulin and Homeostasis model assessment index (p<0.05). Through ex vivo experiments, the BCA mixture enhanced significantly aortic insulin relaxation (p<0.01), reduced α1-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction (p<0.01), and decreased distal colon permeability. Moreover, short-chain fatty acid producers such as Bacteroides, Blautia, and Akkermansia were found to be increased by the BCA mixture supplementation.

Conclusion
The results showed that a 13-week-supplementation with BCA mixture prevented weight gain and improved glucose metabolism in obese Zucker rats. We also demonstrated that BCA supplementation improved vascular function, colonic barrier permeability and gut microbiota profile.
High Global Health Security Index is a determinant of early detection and response to monkeypox: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ramírez-Soto Max Carlos , Arroyo-Hernández Hugo 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionRecent outbreaks of monkeypox (Mpox) have occurred in countries outside of Africa, with large numbers of cases spreading rapidly to almost every continent. We aimed to analyze the correlation between the Global Health Security (GHS) Index (categories and indicators) and the Mpox case rate in different regions and globally.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we used data from Mpox cases from the WHO, and the GHS categories and indicators for detection, prevention, reporting, health system, rapid response, international norms compliance, and risk environment. Outcome measures were the relationship between GHS index (categories and indicators) and Mpox case rate using crude and adjusted non-linear regression models.ResultsAfter performing adjusted analyses, only risk environment and detection and reporting index were associated with Mpox case rates in the 99 countries and the Region of the Americas, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) indicators of the prevention category, risk communication of the rapid response category, the joint external evaluation and performance veterinary services of the norms category, and the infrastructure adequacy of the risk environment category were associated with Mpox case rates in the 99 countries (p<0.05). Laboratory systems strength and quality indicator of the detection and reporting category, and emergency response operation indicator of the response rapid category were associated with Mpox case rates in the countries of the region of the Americas (p<0.05). AMR indicator of the prevention of the emergence category, and the infrastructure adequacy of the risk environment category were associated with Mpox case rates in the countries of the European Region (p<0.05). In the countries of the other regions, only the trade and travel restrictions indicator of the rapid response category was associated with Mpox case rates (p<0.05).ConclusionsCountries, particularly in the Americas region, with high levels of infrastructure adequacy and laboratory system strength and quality as measured by the GHS index are better equipped to detect more Mpox cases. Therefore, they have higher Mpox case detection rates and can successfully respond to Mpox outbreaks.
Long-COVID symptom monitoring: Insights from a two-year telemedicine study
Authors: Foppiani Andrea , Montanari Chiara , Zanelli Sara , Lombardo Michele Davide Maria , Calcaterra Valeria , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe diverse manifestations of Long-COVID have become increasingly important due to their significant impact on patients’ lives. Telemedicine has emerged as an important tool for post COVID-19 follow-up. This study is part of a large cohort study involving COVID-positive patients monitored by the COD19 telemedicine platform operations center. We recontacted patients who were initially monitored from February 2020 to May 2020 to assess the presence of Long-COVID symptoms at a 2-year follow-up.MethodsWe conducted interviews to evaluate Long-COVID symptoms at the 2-year mark and investigated whether patients had contracted a second COVID-19 infection between the 1-year and 2-year follow-ups, and recorded their vaccination status.ResultsOut of 165 patients, 139 (84%) reported symptoms at the 1-year follow-up, while only 101 (61%) reported symptoms at the 2-year follow-up. Among patients with Long-COVID symptoms at the 2-year follow-up, the majority (80, 49%) had experienced Long-COVID at the 1-year follow-up, received the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and had not experienced a second infection between the two follow-ups. Both having Long-COVID at the 1-year follow-up and contracting a second infection were significant risk factors for presenting with Long-COVID at the 2-year follow-up.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this study stands out as one of the few that includes a 2-year follow-up on Long-COVID symptoms using telemedicine. Telemedicine has proven to be an effective and innovative tool for long-term patient monitoring, early diagnosis, and treatment. Telemedicine represents a significant future challenge for healthcare.
Locating Taiwan Cinema in the Twenty-First Century, Paul G. Pickowicz and Yingjing Zhang (eds) (2020)
Authors: Xu Yixin 
Published: July 2024

Review of: Locating Taiwan Cinema in the Twenty-First Century, Paul G. Pickowicz and Yingjing Zhang (eds) (2020)
Amherst: Cambria Press, 328 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-63857-024-0, p/bk, $49.99