bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whither Integrity I: Recent Faces of Integrity1
Authors: Scherkoske Greg 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDespite the fact that most of us value integrity, and despite the fact that we readily understand one another when we talk and argue about it, integrity remains elusive to understand. Considerable scholarly attention has left troubling disagreement on fundamental issues: Is integrity in fact a virtue? If it is, what is it a virtue of? Why exactly should we value integrity? What is the appropriate way to have concern for one’s own integrity? Is having integrity compatible with having significant moral flaws? After an overview of common ‘data points’ or platitudes concerning integrity, this article outlines six distinct views of integrity that have been defended and draws attention to problems each has accommodating these data points.
An Hegelian in Strange Costume? On Peirce’s Relation to Hegel I
Authors: Stern Robert 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper considers the relation between the American pragmatist Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) and the German idealist G. W. F. Hegel (1770–1831). While Peirce engaged with Hegel’s thought quite extensively, his often critical comments on the latter have made it hard to see any genuine common ground between the two; recent ways of reading Hegel, however, suggest how this might be possible, where the connections between their respective metaphysical positions and views of the categories are explored here. Issues relating to their epistemology and philosophies of languages are considered in a companion article.
Teleosemantics: Etiological Foundations
Authors: Häggqvist Sören 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTeleosemantics is a naturalistic research programme in the philosophy of mind and language. Its ambition is to achieve a reduction, first, of mental content to teleological function; second, of teleological function to non‐teleological notions. This article explores the second step, particularly as envisaged by Millikan’s etiological theory of function.
Two‐Dimensional Semantics and Sameness of Meaning
Authors: Schroeter Laura 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn recent years, two‐dimensional (2D) semantics has been used to develop a broadly descriptivist approach to meaning that seeks to accommodate externalists’ counterexamples to traditional descriptivism. The 2D possible worlds framework can be used to capture a speaker’s implicit dispositions to identify the reference of her words on the basis of empirical information about her actual environment. Proponents of 2D semantics argue that this aspect of linguistic understanding plays the core theoretical role of meanings: 2D semantics allows us to specify a reference‐fixing criterion implicit mastery of which constitutes semantic competence a particular meaning.
Unknown‐parent groups in single‐step genomic evaluation
Authors: Misztal I. , Vitezica Z.G. , Legarra A. , Aguilar I. , Swan A.A. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIn single‐step genomic evaluation using best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP), genomic predictions are calculated with a relationship matrix that combines pedigree and genomic information. For missing pedigrees, unknown selection processes, or inclusion of several populations, a BLUP model can include unknown‐parent groups (UPG) in the animal effect. For ssGBLUP, UPG equations also involve contributions from genomic relationships. When those contributions are ignored, UPG solutions and genetic predictions can be biased. Options to eliminate or reduce such bias are presented. First, mixed model equations can be modified to include contributions to UPG elements from genomic relationships (greater software complexity). Second, UPG can be implemented as separate effects (higher cost of computing and data processing). Third, contributions can be ignored when they are relatively small, but they may be small only after refinements to UPG definitions. Fourth, contributions may approximately cancel out when genomic and pedigree relationships are constructed for compatibility; however, different construction steps are required for unknown parents from the same or different populations. Finally, an additional polygenic effect that also includes UPG can be added to the model.
Adolescent subthreshold‐depression and anxiety: psychopathology, functional impairment and increased suicide risk
Authors: Balázs Judit , Miklósi Mónika , Keresztény Ágnes , Hoven Christina W. , Carli Vladimir , Wasserman Camilla , Apter Alan , Bobes Julio , Brunner Romuald , Cosman Doina , Cotter Pádraig , Haring Christian , Iosue Miriam , Kaess Michael , Kahn Jean‐Pierre , Keeley Helen , Marusic Dragan , Postuvan Vita , Resch Franz , Saiz Pilar A , Sisask Merike , Snir Avigal , Tubiana Alexandra , Varnik Airi , Sarchiapone Marco , Wasserman Danuta 
Published: January 2013

Background:  Subthreshold‐depression and anxiety have been associated with significant impairments in adults. This study investigates the characteristics of adolescent subthreshold‐depression and anxiety with a focus on suicidality, using both categorical and dimensional diagnostic models.Methods:  Data were drawn from the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) study, comprising 12,395 adolescents from 11 countries. Based on self‐report, including Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), Zung Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Paykel Suicide Scale (PSS) were administered to students. Based on BDI‐II, adolescents were divided into three groups: nondepressed, subthreshold‐depressed and depressed; based on the SAS, they were divided into nonanxiety, subthreshold‐anxiety and anxiety groups. Analyses of Covariance were conducted on SDQ scores to explore psychopathology of the defined groups. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between functional impairments, suicidality and subthreshold and full syndromes.Results:  Thirty‐two percent of the adolescents were subthreshold‐anxious and 5.8% anxious, 29.2% subthreshold‐depressed and 10.5% depressed, with high comorbidity. Mean scores of SDQ of subthreshold‐depressed/anxious were significantly higher than the mean scores of the nondepressed/nonanxious groups and significantly lower than those of the depressed/anxious groups. Both subthreshold and threshold‐anxiety and depression were related to functional impairment and suicidality.Conclusions:  Subthreshold‐depression and subthreshold‐anxiety are associated with an increased burden of disease and suicide risk. These results highlight the importance of early identification of adolescent subthreshold‐depression and anxiety to minimize suicide. Incorporating these subthreshold disorders into a diagnosis could provide a bridge between categorical and dimensional diagnostic models.
Clinical and microscopic evaluation of long‐term (6 months) epilation effects of the ipulse personal home‐use intense pulsed light (IPL) device
Authors: Trelles M.A. , Ash C. , Town G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground The aim of this study is to investigate the cellular mechanism of long‐term hair reduction using a novel, square pulse, low‐fluence home‐use IPL device.Methods  Ten subjects’ axillae (Fitzpatrick III–V) were treated once weekly for four consecutive weeks in a simulated home‐use trial. Treated and control site punch biopsies were taken from axillary sites for H&E staining and blinded histological examination before, immediately after and six months after the fourth treatment. The contralateral axilla served as a control.Results  Histologically, four sequential weekly treatments gave a significant increase in telogen compared with anagen follicles. Six months after the fourth treatment, an 87% reduction in terminal hair count (P ≤ 0.00005) was recorded. An atypical telogen with infundibular dilatation and plugging of keratin and clumping of melanin with disintegration and/or retraction of the intraluminal hair shaft were observed. The papillae remained viable and some new anagen follicles were evident after four treatments. Vellous hairs appeared unaffected by IPL exposures. A mixed inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and eosinophils around vessels of the superficial and deep dermis was sometimes present but the epidermis appeared always normal.Conclusion  A highly significant hair density reduction through induction of telogen followed by miniaturization similar to that achieved in professionally delivered permanent laser hair reduction appears to be the major mechanism of hair reduction using home‐use IPL. IPL‐induced damage to the isthmus and upper stem may inhibit or interfere with the hair regrowth process. Longer term studies are required to determine if this observed damage is clinically permanent.
Effect of temperature on immature development and longevity of two introduced opiine parasitoids on Bactrocera invadens
Authors: Appiah E. F. , Ekesi S. , Salifu D. , Afreh‐Nuamah K. , Obeng‐Ofori D. , Khamis F. , Mohamed S. A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTemperature‐dependent development, parasitism and longevity of the braconid parasitoids, Fopius arisanus Sonan and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata Ashmed on Bactorcera invadens Drew Tsuruta & White, was evaluated across five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C). Developmental rate decreased linearly with increasing temperature for both the parasitoid species. Linear and Brière‐2 nonlinear models were used to determine the lower temperature threshold at which the developmental rate (1/D) approached zero. For F. arisanus, lower thresholds to complete development estimated with the linear and nonlinear models were 10.1 and 6.9°C, respectively. The total degree‐days (DD) required to complete the development estimated by the linear model for F. arisanus was 360. In D. longicaudata, the linear and nonlinear models estimated lower thresholds of 10.4 and 7.3°C, respectively, and the total DD estimated was 282. In F. arisanus, percentage parasitism differed significantly across all temperatures tested and was highest at 25°C (71.1 ± 2.5) and lowest at 15°C (46.4 ± 1.4). Parasitoid progeny sex ratio was female biased at all temperatures except at 20°C. In D. longicaudata, percentage parasitism was highest at 20°C (52.2 ± 4.0) and lowest at 15°C (27.7 ± 2.5). Parasitoid progeny sex ratio was female biased and similar for all temperatures. Adult longevity of both parasitoids was shortest at 35°C and longest at 15°C, and females lived significantly longer than males at all temperatures tested. Our findings provide some guidance for future mass rearing and field releases of the two parasitoids for the management of B. invadens in Africa.
Predictive Models for the Growth Kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes on White Cabbage
Authors: Wang Jun , Rahman S.M.E. , Zhao Xi‐Hong , Forghani Fereidoun , Park Myoung‐Su , Oh Deog‐Hwan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGrowth data of Listeria monocytogenes on white cabbage were obtained at several fixed thermal conditions (4, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30C) and were then fitted into four different primary models: the modified Gompertz model, Logistic model, the Logistic model with delay and Baranyi model. Then, these four primary models were compared by Akaike's information and Sawa's Bayesian information criteria. Accordingly, the obtained growth parameters such as growth rate (GR) and lag time (LT) from each primary model were used to develop the secondary models and the performances were then evaluated by median relative error (MRE), mean absolute relative error (MARE) and %standard error of prediction (%SEP). The results indicated that Baranyi model described the growth of L. monocytogenes on white cabbage better than Logistic model, the modified Gompertz model and the Logistic model with delay. The square root models can be used to describe the growth parameters of L. monocytogenes on white cabbage estimated from the modified Gompertz, Logistic, Logistic with delay and Baranyi models, which showed better predictions for GR than LT.Practical ApplicationThe responses of Listeria monocytogenes on white cabbage at various temperatures were investigated and modeled using different models. The goodness‐of‐fit and predictive abilities of different models were evaluated and the primary model with best performance to describe the growth behavior was selected. The growth parameters derived from each primary model were used to develop the secondary model using the square root model. The validated models can be used to predict potential L. monocytogenes growth on white cabbage, which are very valuable for the food safety purpose during the whole food chain of white cabbage from farm to table. They could provide reliable and valuable growth kinetics information for the quantitative microbiological risk assessment of L. monocytogenes on white cabbage.
Molecular Control of Flowering in Response to Day Length in Rice
Authors: Brambilla Vittoria , Fornara Fabio 
Published: January 2013

AbstractimageFabio Fornara(Corresponding author)Flowering at the most appropriate times of the year requires careful monitoring of environmental conditions and correct integration of such information with an endogenous molecular network. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a facultative short day plant, and flowers quickly under short day lengths, as opposed to Arabidopsis thaliana whose flowering is accelerated by longer days. Despite these physiological differences, several genes controlling flowering in response to day length (or photoperiod) are conserved between rice and Arabidopsis, and the molecular mechanisms involved are similar. Inductive day lengths trigger expression of florigenic proteins in leaves that can move to the shoot apical meristem to induce reproductive development. As compared to Arabidopsis, rice also possesses unique factors that regulate expression of florigenic genes. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in day length perception, production of florigenic signals, and molecular responses of the shoot apical meristem to florigenic proteins.
Zyxin is a novel target for beta‐amyloid peptide: characterization of its role in Alzheimer's pathogenesis
Authors: Lanni Cristina , Necchi Daniela , Pinto Antonella , Buoso Erica , Buizza Laura , Memo Maurizio , Uberti Daniela , Govoni Stefano , Racchi Marco 
Published: January 2013

AbstractZyxin is an adaptor protein recently identified as a novel regulator of the homeodomain‐interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2)‐p53 signaling in response to DNA damage. We recently reported an altered conformational state of p53 in tissues from patients with Alzheimer ‘s disease (AD), because of a deregulation of HIPK2 activity, leading to an impaired and dysfunctional response to stressors. Here, we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the deregulation of HIPK2 activity in two cellular models, HEK‐293 cells and SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells differentiated with retinoic acid over‐expressing the amyloid precursor protein, focusing on the evidence that zyxin expression is important to maintain HIPK2 protein stability. We demonstrated that both beta‐amyloid (Aβ) 1‐40 and 1‐42 induce zyxin deregulation, thus affecting the transcriptional repressor activity of HIPK2 onto its target promoter, metallothionein 2A, which is in turn responsible for the induction of an altered conformational state of p53. We demonstrate for the first time that zyxin is a novel target of Aβ activities in AD. These results may help the studies on the pathogenesis of AD, through the fine dissection of events related to beta‐amyloid activities.
EFhd2 is a novel amyloid protein associated with pathological tau in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ferrer‐Acosta Yancy , Rodríguez‐Cruz Eva N. , Orange François , De Jesús‐Cortés Hector , Madera Bismark , Vaquer‐Alicea Jaime , Ballester Juan , Guinel Maxime J.‐F. , Bloom George S. , Vega Irving E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEFhd2 is a conserved calcium‐binding protein, abundant within the central nervous system. Previous studies identified EFhd2 associated with pathological forms of tau proteins in the tauopathy mouse model JNPL3, which expresses the human tauP301L mutant. This association was validated in human tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role that EFhd2 may play in tauopathies is still unknown. Here, we show that EFhd2 formed amyloid structures in vitro, a capability that is reduced by calcium ions. Electron microscopy (EM) analyses demonstrated that recombinant EFhd2 formed filamentous structures. EM analyses of sarkosyl‐insoluble fractions derived from human AD brains also indicated that EFhd2 co‐localizes with aggregated tau proteins and formed granular structures. Immunohistological analyses of brain slices demonstrated that EFhd2 co‐localizes with pathological tau proteins in AD brains, confirming the co‐aggregation of EFhd2 and pathological tau. Furthermore, EFhd2's coiled‐coil domain mediated its self‐oligomerization in vitro and its association with tau proteins in JNPL3 mouse brain extracts. The results demonstrate that EFhd2 is a novel amyloid protein associated with pathological tau proteins in AD brain and that calcium binding may regulate the formation of EFhd2's amyloid structures. Hence, EFhd2 may play an important role in the pathobiology of tau‐mediated neurodegeneration.
A patient‐centred approach to assisted personal body care for patients hospitalised with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Jensen Annesofie L , Vedelø Tina W , Lomborg Kirsten 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore the patients' experiences of receiving patient‐centred personal body care and to document changes compared to the patients' experiences in previous hospital stays.BackgroundPatients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease suffer from breathlessness. Personal body care is therefore often a major challenge, and during exacerbation these patients may need comprehensive assistance. The quality of assisted personal body care depends largely on the patients' and the nurses' symptom recognition, disease management and ability to achieve therapeutic clarity in the nurse–patient interaction. We developed, implemented and evaluated a patient‐centred approach to assisted personal body care in which these characteristics were sought.DesignThe study is a qualitative outcome analysis with an interpretive description methodology.MethodsNine female and two male hospitalised patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were selected for patient‐centred care. Specially trained nurses and nursing assistants performed the patient‐centred personal body care. Data material was obtained through participant observation of body care sessions with the patients, followed by individual in‐depth interviews. The transcribed interviews were analysed and an interpretive description of the patients' experiences was established.ResultsAll patients experienced the patient‐centred care to be different from what they had previously experienced. The most fundamental change was the experience of being an active part of a shared project. This experience encompassed three dimensions: clear signs of acknowledgement, attentive time and security.ConclusionPatient‐centred assistance enables patients to take an active part in their personal body care activity. The intervention may be a method for nursing staff to secure patients‐centred care.Relevance to clinical practiceEffective communication, tools for the assessment of breathlessness, clear and straight forward organisation of body care sessions, awareness of pauses and personal acknowledgment are important for the patients' ability to take part in personal body care activities.
The anti‐inflammatory effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes from the human temporomandibular joint results from the suppression of PGE2 production
Authors: Kawashima Mutsumi , Ogura Naomi , Akutsu Miwa , Ito Ko , Kondoh Toshirou 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely used for the management of pain and inflammation. However, little remains known about the effects of NSAIDs on synovitis of the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The aims of this study were to investigate the potential anti‐inflammatory effects of NSAIDs on synovitis of the TMJ and the inflammatory effects of PGE2 on fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) derived from the TMJ.MethodsHuman synovial tissue was obtained from patients with internal derangement who underwent arthroscopy of the TMJ. FLSs were prepared from the tissues using the outgrowth method. A COX inhibitor (indomethacin or celecoxib) was added to the IL‐1β‐stimulated cells in culture. The cells were also stimulated with PGE2 or an EP agonist. The PGE2 production and COX‐2 and IL‐6 expression levels were examined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, real‐time PCR, and a microarray analysis.ResultsCOX inhibitors decreased not only PGE2 production, but also the expression of COX‐2 and IL‐6 in FLS stimulated with IL‐1β. EP2 and EP4 were both expressed in the FLS, and the treatment with EP2 and EP4 agonists induced IL‐6 production in these cells.ConclusionThe COX inhibitors indomethacin and celecoxib reduce the expression of inflammatory factors, such as COX‐2 and IL‐6, in FLS from the TMJ via suppression of PGE2 production. EP2 and EP4 were the main receptors for PGE2 present in the FLS. The approach used in this study may be useful for revealing how drugs such as NSAIDs affect the cellular functions of FLS from the TMJ.
Use of Data Mining to Reveal Body Mass Index (BMI): Patterns Among Pennsylvania Schoolchildren, Pre‐K to Grade 12
Authors: YoussefAgha Ahmed H. , Lohrmann David K. , Jayawardene Wasantha P. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDHealth eTools for Schools was developed to assist school nurses with routine entries, including height and weight, on student health records, thus providing a readily accessible data base. Data‐mining techniques were applied to this database to determine if clinically significant results could be generated.METHODSBody mass index (BMI) data collected and entered in eTools by school nurses from 657,068 students attending 1156 schools in 49 of 67 Pennsylvania counties during 2005‐2009 were analyzed. Students in each BMI category were sorted; regression was used to model mean and percentage trends. A chi‐square test of individually matched BMI percentages was computed and migration across normal, overweight, and obese states determined.RESULTSThe highest percentage of obese students occured in middle school. The mean trends for obesity and overweight had increasing slopes of 0.189 and 0.227, respectively; with regression slope for overweight >59%. Within groups, substantial percentages of individually matched BMIs changed significantly (p < .0001) over 2 years, migrating between normal weight, overweight, and obese. A comparison of 2009 measured BMI for grades 9‐12 from eTools with 2009 Pennsylvania Youth Risk Behavior Survey self‐reported BMI yielded substantial diferences.CONCLUSIONA pattern of increasing BMI for elementary students with a corresponding decrease among middle and high school students emerged. The means trends for both overweight and obesity were greater in 2009 than in 2005, increasing steadily to 2008 and slightly declining to 2009. The dominant overall pattern flows from overweight to obese. If continued unabated, percentage of students who are obese will dominate over time.