bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent trauma and acute infection as risk factors for childhood arterial ischemic stroke
Authors: Hills Nancy K. , Johnston S. Claiborne , Sidney Stephen , Zielinski Brandon A. , Fullerton Heather J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjective:Trauma and acute infection have been associated with stroke in adults, and are prevalent exposures in children. We hypothesized that these environmental factors are independently associated with childhood arterial ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:In a case–control study nested within a cohort of 2.5 million children (≤19 years old) enrolled in an integrated health care plan (1993–2007), childhood AIS cases (n = 126) were identified from electronic records and confirmed through chart review. Age‐ and facility‐matched controls (n = 378) were randomly selected from the cohort. Exposures were determined from review of medical records prior to the stroke diagnosis, or the same date for the paired controls; time windows were defined a priori.Results:A medical encounter for head or neck trauma within the prior 12 weeks was an independent risk factor for childhood AIS (odds ratio [OR], 7.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9–19.3), present in 12% of cases (1.6% of controls). Median time from trauma to stroke was 0.5 days (interquartile range, 0–2 days); post hoc redefinition of trauma exposure (prior 1 week) was more strongly associated with AIS: OR, 39; 95% CI, 5.1–298. A medical encounter for a minor acute infection (prior 4 weeks) was also an independent risk factor (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.6–8.2), present in 33% of cases (13% of controls). No single infection type predominated. Only 2 cases had exposure to trauma and infection.Interpretation:Trauma and acute infection are common independent risk factors for childhood AIS, and may be targets for stroke prevention strategies. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:850–858
ECG changes in factory workers exposed to 27.2 MHz radiofrequency radiation
Authors: Chen Qingsong , Xu Guoyong , Lang Li , Yang Aichu , Li Shilin , Yang Liwen , Li Chaolin , Huang Hanlin , Li Tao 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo research the effect of 27.2 MHz radiofrequency radiation on electrocardiograms (ECG), 225 female workers operating radiofrequency machines at a shoe factory were chosen as the exposure group and 100 female workers without exposure from the same factory were selected as the control group. The 6 min electric field strength that the female workers were exposed to was 64.0 ± 25.2 V/m (mean ± SD), which exceeded 61 V/m, the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection reference root mean square levels for occupational exposure. A statistical difference was observed between the exposed group and the control group in terms of the rate of sinus bradycardia (χ2 = 11.48, P = 0.003). When several known risk factors for cardiovascular disease were considered, including smoking, age, alcohol ingestion habit, and so on, the exposure duration was not an effective factor for ECG changes, sinus arrhythmia, or sinus bradycardia according to α = 0.05, while P = 0.052 for sinus arrhythmia was very close to 0.05. We did not find any statistical difference in heart rate, duration of the QRS wave (ventricular depolarization), or corrected QT intervals (between the start of the Q wave and end of the T wave) between the exposed and control groups. Occupational exposure to radiofrequency radiation was not found to be a cause of ECG changes after consideration of the confounding factors. Bioelectromagnetics 34:285–290, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of microwave radiation on human EEG at two different levels of exposure
Authors: Suhhova Anna , Bachmann Maie , Karai Deniss , Lass Jaanus , Hinrikus Hiie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study is aimed at evaluating the effect of microwave radiation on human brain bioelectric activity at different levels of exposure. For this purpose, 450 MHz microwave exposure modulated at 40 Hz frequency was applied to a group of 15 healthy volunteers at two different specific absorption rate (SAR) levels: a higher level of 0.303 W/kg (field strength 24.5 V/m) and a lower level of 0.003 W/kg (field strength 2.45 V/m). Ten exposure cycles (1 min off and 1 min on) at fixed SAR values were applied. A resting eyes‐closed electroencephalogram (EEG) was continuously recorded. Results showed a statistically significant increase in the EEG power in the EEG beta2 (157%), beta1 (61%) and alpha (68%) frequency bands at the higher SAR level, and in the beta2 (39%) frequency band at the lower SAR level. Statistically significant changes were detected for six individual subjects in the EEG alpha band and four subjects in the beta1 and beta2 bands at the higher SAR level; three subjects were affected in the alpha, beta1 and beta2 bands at the lower SAR level. The study showed that decreasing the SAR 100 times reduced the related changes in the EEG three to six times and the number of affected subjects, but did not exclude the effect. Bioelectromagnetics 34:264–274, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimentelle Umsetzung von Symmetrielagerungen
Authors: Winkler Karsten , Mark Peter 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGrundidee des Beitrags ist es, Symmetrien von Stahlbetonbalken oder ‐platten in Last und Bauteilgeometrie im Experiment zur Systemreduktion zu nutzen. Bei einfacher bzw. doppelter Achsensymmetrie bedeutet das die Halbierung bzw. Viertelung der Prüfkörper. Gleiches gilt für die Bauteileigengewichte und die Prüflasten. Dazu sind biegesteife Widerlager zu entwickeln, die gleichzeitig vertikal ideal verschieblich sind. Der Beitrag zeigt Entwicklung, Umsetzung und Verifikation der Symmetrielagerungen mit den Anschlüssen zu den Betonkörpern. Sie bestehen aus präzise zu fertigenden Profilstahlkonstruktionen der Widerlager, Gleitebenen aus gefettetem Teflon und vorgespannten Rückspannungen der Biegezugbewehrungen. Vergleichsuntersuchungen an reduzierten “Halbbalken” und Vollsystemen als Referenz zeigen nahezu übereinstimmende Ergebnisse.Experimental realization of symmetry bearingsTaking advantage of symmetries of reinforced concrete beams and slabs in experimental setups characterizes the fundamental idea in this paper. This leads to significant reductions of test loads and dimensions of test members, i.e. bisection for single and quartering for double axis symmetry, respectively. For this purpose, an almost frictionless sliding as well as a flexurally rigid performance at the symmetry bearing have to be realized. The contribution focuses on development, realization and verification of symmetry bearings and their interface connections to test members. The bearing modules consist of precisely manufactured steel elements, combined with prestressed anchorages of the bending reinforcement. Almost frictionless sliding is ensured by thin greased PTFE‐sheets. Comparative investigations show almost identical test behaviours of symmetrically reduced test specimens and corresponding full‐size members.
Revisiting the concepts of competition between reaction and diffusion in poisoned catalysts
Authors: Madeira Luis M. , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe competition between diffusion and first‐order irreversible reaction in poisoned catalysts is revisited. Two cases are considered for isothermal slab catalysts: uniform and shell‐progressive (or pore‐mouth) poisoning. Analytical concentration profiles are derived, and the implications on catalyst performance are evaluated in different regimes (chemical‐ or diffusion‐controlled) for different levels of poisoning.It was found that depending on the poisoning mechanism, the activity decay can be more or less pronounced. Being of particular concern is the pore‐mouth poisoning at high Thiele modulus, conditions under which catalyst performance is drastically affected. The reagent concentration profiles allowed the explanation of the phenomena occurring at the particle scale, in particular the effectiveness factors, observed reaction rates, and poisoning factors' dependence on the Thiele modulus and fraction of the poisoned catalyst; it was found that such relationships are dependent on the mechanism of deactivation. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Composite planning and scheduling algorithm addressing intra‐period infeasibilities of gasoline blend planning models
Authors: Mahalec V. , Thakral A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMulti‐period planning models result in solutions which are feasible at the boundaries of the periods but may be infeasible within the periods. The composite algorithm presented here (i) solves coarse multi‐period MILP model structure for production planning; (ii) sequences operations via a genetic algorithm to minimise switching; (iii) verifies schedule feasibility via agent‐based simulation and local logical decision making; and (iv) if infeasible, re‐partitions the time horizon into multi‐periods and resolves from (i) until feasible. Application of the algorithm to gasoline blending illustrates its effectiveness in computing feasible plans and schedules for such systems. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Effects of sweating temperature on the purification of phosphoric acid hemihydrate crystal in dry‐sweating process
Authors: Wang Baoming , Li Jun , Luo Jianhong , Zhou Kun , Jin Yang , Qi Yabing , Ma Chunlei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn order to purify phosphoric acid hemihydrate (H3PO4·0.5H2O) crystal further, the effects of sweating time and sweating temperature on purification are investigated in a dry‐sweating process. Experimental results indicate the content of Mg, As, Sb and Pb in the H3PO4·0.5H2O crystal decreases with increasing sweating time and sweating temperature during sweating process and show the same tendency to decrease with time at different sweating temperatures. The purification rate coefficients of H3PO4·0.5H2O crystals for Mg, As, Sb and Pb are determined. They increase with an increase in sweating temperature. The Arrhenius equation can be successfully used to describe the relationship between the purification rate coefficient and the absolute sweating temperature. The activation energy of sweating for Mg, As, Sb and Pb in the H3PO4·0.5H2O crystal are calculated using these experimental data. These values for Mg, As, Sb and Pb are 130.13, 193.59, 98.51 and 102.29 kJ mol−1, respectively.
Nanoparticle‐stabilised invert emulsion drilling fluids for deep‐hole drilling of oil and gas
Authors: Agarwal Sushant , Phuoc Tran X. , Soong Yee , Martello Donald , Gupta Rakesh K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractInvert emulsions are used to drill for oil and gas when good wellbore stability and high temperature tolerance are required. These drilling fluids contain a solid phase and two immiscible liquid phases stabilised with a polymeric surfactant. In ultra deep drilling, due to high temperature, the surfactant degrades causing phase separation. However, fine particles can be used as stabilisers, and the result is a Pickering emulsion. Here, we demonstrate that the use of a combination of hydrophobic nanoparticles and organically modified nanoclay results in stable water‐in‐oil invert emulsions model drilling fluids. These gel‐like model fluids have the desired plastic viscosity and yield stress suitable for drilling fluid applications that can be modified by adjusting the nanoparticle‐content. Aging experiments at 225°C showed that they also have high‐temperature stability for demanding drilling operations.
Equal consistency spraying and flow field characteristics of spraying water pipe
Authors: Zeng Jin‐Song , Chen Ke‐Fu , Feng Yu‐Cheng , Wei Wang , Liu De‐Tao 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAs one of the key parts of discharging system in the diluted zone at the bottom of high consistency bleaching tower, the spraying water pipe would be used to dilute the pulp uniformly while it was rotating, with a range from 0 to 90 rpm. Fluid dynamics of the three kinds of spraying water pipes such as straight‐shaped, spindle‐shaped and waist‐shaped were studied by performing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Simulated velocity fields were compared with experiment PIV data. The results from the simulations and experiments are in good agreement. The works show that CFD simulations using the Realisable κ–ϵ model combined with the MRF technique can predict the hydrodynamic characteristics in industrial scales spraying water pipes. Spindle‐shaped spraying water pipe would be better finished equal consistency spraying water.
Activated carbon prepared from Canadian oil sands coke by CO2 activation: I. Trends in pore development and the effect of pre‐oxidation
Authors: Karimi Arash , Thinon Olivier , Fournier Joseph , Hill Josephine M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOil sands coke is a byproduct of oil sands upgrading, which potentially can be used for the production of low cost activated carbons. Activation of oil sands delayed coke was performed by partial CO2‐gasification in a tubular fixed bed reactor at 900°C. Pore development during activation initially proceeded almost exclusively by micro‐pore formation, and the reaction appeared to follow a shrinking core model. Surface areas up to 646 m2/g were obtained, and coarser particles reached lower maximum surface areas at lower levels of burn‐off than finer particles. Pre‐oxidation in air at 270°C resulted in higher maximum surface areas.
Colloidal interaction and connectionist modelling of protein osmotic pressure and the effect of physicochemical properties
Authors: Rajabzadeh Amin Reza , Zendehboudi Sohrab , Lohi Ali , Elkamel Ali 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA proper knowledge of the osmotic pressure and thermodynamic behaviour of protein solutions is vital for designing an efficient protein separation process. It is also of great importance to develop a rapid and inexpensive technique to accurately estimate the protein osmotic pressure. A connectionist model to estimate the osmotic pressure of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in terms of pH, ionic strength and BSA concentration is proposed in this paper. Osmotic pressure of BSA is also modelled through the application of a colloidal interaction approach. Molecular interaction forces such as electrostatic, London–van der Waals and hydration along with entropy pressure are considered in the colloidal model to predict the BSA osmotic pressure. The advantages and disadvantages of both modelling approaches are discussed, and a hybrid modelling scheme is proposed for further investigations.
A review of bioinspired computer‐aided design tools for hardware design
Authors: Lanchares Juan , Garnica Oscar , Fernández‐de‐Vega Francisco , Ignacio Hidalgo J. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYDuring the tools have been also influenced by this evolutionary fashion. In this paper, we give a broader view of the application of techniques inspired by nature to hardware design and parallel architectures problem solving. Our aim is to furnish an overview of the various bioinspired techniques based tools that have been used so far to solve the problems of automatic hardware design. We can claim that a lot of the approaches found in the literature suffer from a lack of interdisciplinary interaction among researchers of both evolutionary computation and hardware design fields. In addition, we have also detected that some multi‐objective problems do not use the appropriate algorithms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A single tube 10‐color flow cytometry assay optimizes detection of minimal residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Sartor M. M. , Gottlieb D. J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLevels of residual disease (RD) are an independent predictor of progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients treated for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We modified the international standardized approach (ISA) to RD detection using flow cytometry by developing a single tube 10 color antibody assay.Method:A single tube incorporated the following monoclonal antibodies: CD81FITC, CD22PE, CD3ECD, CD5PercP5.5, CD20PECY7, CD79bAPC, CD38A700, CD43APC Alexa750, CD19eFluor 450, and CD45KO. A modified ISA gating strategy was developed that removed contaminating events. Sensitivity assays were performed using dilution with normal peripheral blood and bone marrow. Clinical samples were compared using the ISA and the single tube assay.Results:Dilution studies showed that sensitivity of 0.001% was achievable when a minimum of 1.8 × 106 total events were acquired. One hundred twenty‐nine samples were analyzed and showed RD levels from 0.003 to 22%. In 80 samples analyzed with both assays, there was an excellent correlation between the two methods (slope = 1.0, intercept = 0.07 and R2 = 0.992) and results from Bland–Altman analysis showed a bias of 0.04 ± 0.38 with 95% confidence interval of −0.71 to 0.79. Removal of contaminating events in the single tube assay led to a significant reduction in RD values (P = 0.0014).Conclusion:The single tube 10‐color assay for the detection of RD in CLL provides equivalent results to the ISA but requires fewer cells, uses fewer reagents, and allows for simpler analysis. By directly removing contaminating events, it improves the accuracy of CLL RD detection and may reclassify the status of some patients following chemotherapy. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Measuring young infants' sensitivity to height‐in‐the‐picture‐plane by contrasting monocular and binocular preferential‐looking
Authors: Tsuruhara Aki , Corrow Sherryse , Kanazawa So , Yamaguchi Masami K. , Yonas Albert 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo examine young infants' sensitivity to a pictorial depth cue, we compared monocular and binocular preferential looking to objects of which depth was specified by height‐in‐the‐picture‐plane. For adults, this cue generates the perception that a lower object is closer than a higher object. This study showed that 4‐ and 5‐month‐old infants fixated the lower, apparently closer, figure more often under the monocular than binocular presentation providing evidence of their sensitivity to the pictorial depth cue. Because the displays were identical in the two conditions except for binocular information for depth, the difference in looking‐behavior indicated sensitivity to depth information, excluding a possibility that they responded to 2D characteristics. This study also confirmed the usefulness of the method, preferential looking with a monocular and binocular comparison, to examine sensitivity to a pictorial depth cue in young infants, who are too immature to reach reliably for the closer of two objects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 109–116, 2014.
Metal Dilution of Cooperative Spin‐Crossover Compounds: When Stable and Metastable High‐Spin States Meet
Authors: Paradis Nicolas , Chastanet Guillaume , Varret François , Létard Jean‐François 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe photomagnetic properties of a series of metal‐diluted spin‐crossover complexes, [FexMn1–x(bpp)2](BF4)2 [bpp = 2,6‐bis(pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine], have been investigated and compared to the previously reported properties of the thermally quenched state. We observed clear evidence of an overlap between the stable high‐temperature high‐spin (HS) phase and the metastable low‐temperature HS state. A detailed investigation of the evolution of the metastable HS state lifetimes has been performed and suggested a stabilization of the HS state when the overlap is efficient. The deduced thermodynamic parameters governing the relaxation process have been satisfactorily used to simulate the thermal and temporal evolution of the HS state.
Factors influencing long range dependence in streamflow of European rivers
Authors: Szolgayova E. , Laaha G. , Blöschl G. , Bucher C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractInvestigating long range dependence of river flows, especially in connection with various climate and storage related factors, is important in order to improve stochastic models for long range dependence and in order to understand deterministic and stochastic variability in long‐term behaviour of streamflow. Long range dependence expressed by the Hurst coefficient H is estimated for 39 (deseasonalized) mean daily runoff time series in Europe of at least 59 years using five estimators (rescaled range, regression on periodogram, Whittle, aggregated variances, and least squares based on variance). All methods yield estimates of H > 0.5 for all data sets. The results from the different estimators are significantly positively correlated for all pairs of methods indicating consistency of the methods used. Correlations between H and various catchment attributes are also analysed. H is strongly positively correlated with catchment area. Apparently, increasing storage with catchment area translates into increasing long range dependence. H is also positively correlated with mean discharge and air temperature and negatively correlated with the mean specific discharge and the seasonality index (maximum Pardé coefficient). No significant correlation is found between the Hurst coefficient and the length of the analyzed time series. The correlations are interpreted in terms of snow processes and catchment wetness. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotope analysis of human and animal diets from the Hanamiai archaeological site (French Polynesia)
Authors: RICHARDS MICHAEL P. , WEST ERIC , ROLETT BARRY , DOBNEY KEITH 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe report the first palaeodietary stable isotope study of humans and animals from an East Polynesian archaeological site. The Hanamiai Dune in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia has a long stratigraphy (ca. 1025 AD to 1850 AD). We obtained carbon and nitrogen isotope values for a wide range of terrestrial and marine species from different cultural layers. We also analyzed four human teeth representing four different individuals. Pigs, rats and dogs from the initial occupation phases had isotope signatures indicating marine protein consumption, probably linked to the consumption, and subsequent extinction, of indigenous seabirds. We found evidence of different pig husbandry practices, with some pigs having an almost entirely marine diet. Humans, surprisingly, did not have a mainly marine diet but likely derived the majority of their protein from eating terrestrial mammals such as pigs, as well as perhaps dogs and rats.
The Convict System of New South Wales: A review of archaeological research since 2001
Authors: GIBBS MARTIN 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe last ten years of archaeological research on convict sites in NSW has seen a wealth of new discoveries thanks to unprecedented access to urban settings as a result of the development boom in the greater Sydney area. Not surprisingly, the direction of research has therefore largely been dictated by the nature of these mitigation projects and consequently favors greater understanding of convict urban landscapes. However, the pressure to complete successive large scale projects, limited funding for post‐excavation analysis and interpretation, a growing body of incomplete reports, and the lack of an overall framework for NSW convict archaeological studies has seen an uneven advance in our knowledge of convict life since the last review by Denis Gojak in 2001. This paper reports on some of the main discoveries and describes efforts by academic and professional archaeologists to collaborate and facilitate further convict research in NSW, especially further analysis and syntheses of material, through the Archaeology of Sydney Research Group, the NSW Archaeology Online grey literature project and targeted student research.