bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homoleptic Copper(I), Silver(I), and Gold(I) Bisphosphine Complexes
Authors: Kaeser Adrien , Moudam Omar , Accorsi Gianluca , Séguy Isabelle , Navarro Jose , Belbakra Abdelhalim , Duhayon Carine , Armaroli Nicola , Delavaux‐Nicot Béatrice , Nierengarten Jean‐François 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA series of homoleptic copper(I), silver(I), and gold(I) complexes of two bisphosphine ligands {1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene, dppb; bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether, POP} have been prepared. Whilst all three [M(dppb)2]BF4 complexes are tetracoordinate, this geometry is found only for the silver(I) complex with POP. Instead, [Cu(POP)2]+ and [Au(POP)2]+ adopt a trigonal coordination geometry with an uncoordinated phosphorus atom. A close inspection of the P–M bond lengths reveals an interesting trend. From the copper to silver and gold complexes, a substantial elongation is found. On the other hand, from the silver to gold compounds, a decrease in the M–P bond length is found. Indeed, gold(I) has a smaller van der Waals radius than silver(I) as a result of its peculiar relativistic effects. Electrochemical investigations revealed two oxidation processes for all of the [M(dppb)2]BF4 and [M(POP)2]BF4 complexes. The first oxidation is likely metal‐centered, whereas the second one corresponds to ligand‐centered processes in all cases. The emission properties of these compounds in solution, in frozen rigid matrices at 77 K, and in the solid state at room temperature have been systematically investigated. Although all of them are weak emitters in solution, remarkably high emission quantum yields were found in the solid state, in particular for [Cu(dppb)2]BF4 and [Ag(dppb)2]BF4. Finally, these two compounds were used for the fabrication of light‐emitting devices. Interestingly, both the copper(I) and the silver(I) complex afford quite broad electroluminescence spectra with white light emission.
Elemental Phosphorus and Electromagnetic Radiation
Authors: Serrano‐Ruiz Manuel , Romerosa Antonio , Lorenzo‐Luis Pablo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWhite phosphorus (P4) is a small molecule that is mainly used as a starting material for the large‐scale synthesis of most of the suitable phosphorus derivatives. The process starts with the direct reaction of P4 with Cl2, and the resulting phosphorus chloride is further treated with the adequate organic substrate. This industrial process is very primitive, and for economic and environmental reasons the first oxidation step should be avoided. The observation that the conversion of white P4 to the red allotrope is accelerated by ultraviolet light showed that the P4 molecule is able to be activated by electromagnetic radiation. Metal complexes can also mediate the functionalization of P4. The participation of electromagnetic radiation in the reactions that involve P4 and metal complexes has provided new procedures for obtaining new and interesting compounds that contain phosphorus atoms. Very significant and interesting reviews have summarized, classified and discussed the reactivity of P4 but until now none of them have distilled the relationship between white phosphorus and electromagnetic radiation.
Resorcinarenyl‐Phosphines in Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Monnereau Laure , El Moll Hani , Sémeril David , Matt Dominique , Toupet Loïc 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTwo phosphines built on a bowl‐shaped resorcin[4]arene skeleton, namely 5‐diphenylphosphanyl‐ and 5‐diisopropylphosphanyl‐4(24),6(10),12(16),18(22)‐tetramethylenedioxy‐2,8,14,20‐tetrapentylresorcin[4]arene, have been synthesised and tested in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of aryl halides. Combining these ligands with [Pd(OAc)2] resulted in highly active catalysts that allowed the formation of o,o′‐biphenyls starting from aryl chlorides. The remarkable activities observed possibly arise from 1) the capacity of the phosphines to operate transiently as P,O chelators, thereby increasing the electron density of the metal, and 2) the ability of the ligands to embed metal–organic units, which, when occurring, makes the ligand considerably bulkier so as to disfavour the coordination of a second phosphine. Both features are known to facilitate the oxidative addition step.
Total Synthesis and Glycosidase Inhibition Studies of (–)‐Gabosine J and Its Derivatives
Authors: Vidyasagar Adiyala , Sureshan Kana M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe total syntheses of (–)‐gabosine J and its two gabosinol derivatives, the reduced forms of (–)‐gabosine J, were achieved by a chiral pool strategy that started from inexpensive and readily available D‐mannitol. The desymmetrization of the C2‐symmetric tri‐O‐isopropylidene mannitol through a H2SO4/silica mediated hydrolysis of one of the two terminal ketals and a ring‐closing methathesis (RCM) of the appropriately protected diene are the key steps in these syntheses. The preparation of (–)‐gabosine J, which involved simple steps as well as inexpensive and readily available reagents and starting material, was completed in 14 steps with an overall yield of 13 %. Similarly, gabosinol J‐α and gabosinol J‐β (two synthetic derivatives of gabosine J) were prepared in 13 steps in an overall yield of 11 and 6 %, respectively. A preliminary investigation into the biological activity of these compounds revealed that (–)‐gabosine J inhibits α‐mannosidase with an IC50 of 260 μM. Its reduced form gabosinol J‐α inhibits β‐galactosidase with an IC50 of 600 μM, and gabosinol J‐β inhibits β‐glucosidase. This is the first synthesis of a gabosine that employs mannitol as the starting material and the first report of the biological activity of gabosine J.
Synthesis of an Oxidation‐Stable Analogue of Cyclic Pyranopterin Monophosphate (cPMP)
Authors: Hilken Stefan , Kaletta Florian , Heinsch Angela , Neudörfl Jörg‐M. , Berkessel Albrecht 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMolybdenum cofactor (Moco) deficiency is a lethal hereditary metabolic disease. A recently developed therapy requires continuous intravenous supplementation of the biosynthetic Moco precursor cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP). The limited stability of the latter natural product, mostly due to oxidative degradation, is problematic for oral administration. Therefore, the synthesis of more stable cPMP analogues is of great interest. In this context and for the first time, the synthesis of a cPMP analogue, in which the oxidation‐labile reduced pterin unit is replaced by a pyrazine moiety, was achieved starting from the chiral pool materials D‐galactose or D‐arabitol. Our synthesis, 13 steps in total, includes the following key transformations: i) pyrazine lithiation, followed by acylation; ii) closure of the pyrane ring by nucleophilic aromatic substitution; and iii) introduction of phosphate.
Comparative chemical sensitivity between marine Australian and Northern Hemisphere ecosystems: Is an uncertainty factor warranted for water-quality–guideline setting?
Authors: Hagen Tarah G. , Douglas Richard W. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The lack of Australian species data has pragmatically led to the use of toxicological data from the Northern Hemisphere to develop water-quality guidelines. However, it is unknown whether Australian species and ecosystems are equally as sensitive and if an uncertainty factor is warranted for Australian guideline setting. In the present study, it is hypothesized that an uncertainty factor is not required. This was tested by generating species sensitivity distributions by 2 parametric methods using marine Northern Hemisphere and Australian/New Zealand data. Sufficient acute data were found for only 3 compounds: 4-chlorophenol, phenol, and ammonia. For ammonia and 4-chlorophenol, the 95% species protection levels generated with Australian and Northern Hemisphere data were essentially the same. For phenol, protection levels derived from Australian data were approximately 10-fold higher. Therefore, the derived benchmark concentration from Northern Hemisphere data should be protective. It is tentatively concluded that there is no need for an uncertainty factor when deriving water-quality guidelines for marine Australian ecosystems using Northern Hemisphere data. It is, however, noted that this is based on only 3 compounds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1187–1192. © 2014 SETAC
Investigation of the effects of several porosity variation profiles on performance and pollutants emission of the porous media burners
Authors: Mohammadi Iman , Hossainpour Siamak 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis paper presents results of numerical investigation on the effect of using variable porosity porous media burner on its performance and pollutant emission. A two‐dimensional axisymmetric model for premixed methane/air combustion in porous media has been developed. This code solves the continuity, Navier Stokes, solid and gas energies, and chemical species transport equations using the finite volume method. The pressure and velocity have been coupled with the SIMPLE algorithm. In this paper, the results of applying two different profiles of porosity instead of constant porosity for two zones of burner have been presented. The results showed that by applying porosity variation along the burner, the peak temperature can be decreased about 4.5%, and subsequently, the amount of exhaust pollutants such as NOx can also be decreased while increase in pressure losses along the burner is negligible. In addition, the effects of excess air ratio, volumetric heat transfer coefficient, inlet velocity, chemical kinetics, conductivity coefficient, and wall temperature on the porous media burners with variation of porosity are investigated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the impact of fire retardants on the combustion of natural polymers employing DTG and LOI
Authors: Bakirtzis D. S. , Tsapara V. C. , Kolovos K. G. , Liodakis S. E. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThermal analysis is widely used for the investigation of the thermal decomposition of polymeric/lignocellulosic materials. Differential thermogravimetry (DTG) curves have been used for the assessment of fire retardants employing a mathematical technique, based on the observation that the DTG profile peaks become less pronounced and are shifted to lower temperatures when a fire retardant is added. The efficiency of a fire retardant is proposed to be assessed from a formula comprising of the following: (i) the depth of the main peak; (ii) the main decomposition peak temperature; (iii) the temperature range of the DTG curve; and (iv) the area above the curve. Initially, four well‐known fire retardants have been assessed for their efficiency on a lignocellulosic matrix (Olea europaea). All the results deriving from the mathematical technique have been compared with the mass residue criterion and a limiting oxygen index test (Relative Limiting Oxygen Index). Both are commonly used as reliable tools for the assessment of a fire retardant. Secondly, the impact of fire retardant concentration on efficiency was investigated. In addition, using mathematical routines, an optimum concentration zone was proposed; further, an optimum concentration value (%) has been estimated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of Polymorphic Stomata in Canella winterena (L.) Geartn. (Canellaceae)
Authors: Mandal Manasi , Mitra Sonia , Maity D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe presence of 10 types of normal stomata along with 4 subtypes, one intermediate type between stephanocytic and hemiparacytic and some abnormal stomatal structures both in the vegetative and floral organs of Canella winterena (L.) Geartn. (Canellaceae) is reported here. The epidermal cells are polygonal, isodiametric in surface view with straight anticlinal walls. The stomata are amphibrachyparacytic, anomocytic, anisocytic, brachyparacytic, brachyparatetracytic, cyclocytic, hemiparacytic, laterocytic, holoparacytic, stephanocytic, one intermediate type between stephanocytic and hemiparacytic, etc. Abnormalities like contiguous stomata, different types of twin stomata and cytoplasmic bridge between adjacent stomata, stomata with single guard cell, single guard cell with pore juxtaposed with normal stoma are also found. The presence of giant stomata is a significant finding. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Correlation of β‐catenin, but not PIN1 and cyclin D1, overexpression with disease‐free and overall survival in patients with cancer of the parotid gland
Authors: Lill Claudia , Schneider Sven , Seemann Rudolf , Kadletz Lorenz , Aumayr Klaus , Ghanim Bahil , Thurnher Dietmar 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundMalignant tumors of the salivary glands comprise about 3% to 5% of all head and neck carcinomas. The purpose of our study was to find possible predictive and/or prognostic markers for parotid cancer.MethodsA total of 46 tissue samples of carcinomas of the parotid gland were immunohistochemically stained for ß‐catenin, cyclin D1, and PIN1. The factors were analyzed regarding their prognostic value for disease‐free and overall survival.ResultsAn overexpression of the cytoplasmatic ß‐catenin was linked to a statistically significant worse outcome regarding disease‐free (p = .0296) and overall survival (p = .0416). The 5‐year overall survival was 83.9% in patients without and 0% in patients presenting with overexpression of cytoplasmatic ß‐catenin. Additionally, Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) stage correlated with overall survival (p = .0306) and disease‐free survival (DFS; p = .0473).ConclusionMultivariate analysis showed that overexpression of cytoplasmatic ß‐catenin and the UICC stage are 2 independent prognostic markers for survival in patients with parotid cancer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 30–36, 2015
Entrapment in plasma microparticles: A promising strategy for antigen delivery
Authors: Fatima Munazza T. , Ahmad Ejaj , Saleemuddin Mohammed 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe report the preparation of plasma microparticles (PMPs) from autologous blood plasma for sustained in vivo delivery of the entrapped antigens. The PMPs were prepared by high speed‐stirring of calcium‐enriched plasma, mixed with the antigen to be entrapped, in mineral oil. The preparation of PMPs did not necessitate addition of any external protein/enzyme nor special laboratory setup. Our results suggest that the PMPs release the entrapped invertase in a sustained manner both in vitro and in vivo, especially after crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The preparations are reasonably stable to proteolysis and constitute strong candidates for eliciting immune response. Induction of humoral immune response by the PMP‐entrapped invertase, as evident from the high antibody titers, was remarkable and comparable with that observed in animals receiving the antigen emulsified with Freund's Complete Adjuvant. Isotypic analysis of antibodies showed a Th1‐biased immune response in animals administered uncrosslinked or crosslinked PMPs‐entrapped invertase, especially after a booster dose. The analysis in animals of the group immunized with adjuvant‐emulsified antigen suggested a combined Th1 and Th2 response. PMP‐entrapment also caused high expression of surface markers (CD80 and CD86) on antigen presenting cells, as well as effector T‐cells surface markers (CD4+ and CD8+) as revealed by FACS. The study suggests that PMPs offer remarkable promise as adjuvant‐free and biocompatible vaccine delivery systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1244–1254, 2014.
In vitro evaluation of photo‐crosslinkable chitosan‐lactide hydrogels for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Kim Sungwoo , Kang Yunqing , Mercado‐Pagán Ángel E. , Maloney William J. , Yang Yunzhi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHere we report the development and characterization of novel photo‐crosslinkable chitosan‐lactide (Ch‐LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. We synthesized the hydrogels based on Ch, LA, and methacrylic anhydride (MA), and examined their chemical structures, degradation rates, compressive moduli, and protein release kinetics. We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W‐20‐17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. NMR and FTIR revealed that the hydrogels were formed via amidation and esterification between Ch and LA, and methacrylation for photo‐crosslinkable networks. Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain increased swellability, softness, and degradation rate of the photo‐crosslinkable Ch‐LA hydrogels. Changes in Ch/LA ratio and UV exposure time significantly affected compressive modulus and protein release kinetics. The photo‐crosslinkable Ch‐LA hydrogels were not cytotoxic regardless of the composition and UV crosslinking time. Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W‐20‐17 and C2C12 cells were observed in the less‐crosslinked hydrogels at day 5. Mineralization was enhanced by sustained BMP‐2 release from the hydrogels, but was cell type dependent. This photo‐crosslinkable Ch‐LA hydrogel is a promising carrier for growth factors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1393–1406, 2014.
Differential Expression of Chemokines, Chemokine Receptors and Proteinases by Foreign Body Giant Cells (FBGCs) and Osteoclasts
Authors: Khan Usman A. , Hashimi Saeed M. , Khan Shershah , Quan Jingjing , Bakr Mahmoud M. , Forwood Mark R. , Morrison Nigel M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractOsteoclasts and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) are both derived from the fusion of macropahges. These cells are seen in close proximity during foreign body reactions, therefore it was assumed that they might interact with each other. The aim was to identify important genes that are expressed by osteoclasts and FBGCs which can be used to understand peri‐implantitis and predict the relationship of these cells during foreign body reactions. Bone marrow macrophages (BMM) were treated with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) to produce osteoclasts. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to identify the genes that were expressed by osteoclasts and FBGCs compared to macrophage controls. TRAP staining was used to visualise the cells while gelatine zymography and western blots were used for protein expression. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metallo proteinase 9 (MMP9), nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), cathepsin K (CTSK) and RANK were significantly lower in FBGCs compared to osteoclasts. Inflammation specific chemokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP1 also called CCL2), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP1α), MIP1β and MIP1γ, and their receptors CCR1, CCR3 and CCR5, were highly expressed by FBGCs. FBGCs were negative for osteoclast specific markers (RANK, NFATc1, CTSK). FBGCs expressed chemokines such as CCL2, 3, 5 and 9 while osteoclasts expressed the receptors for these chemokines i.e. CCR1, 2 and 3. Our findings show that osteoclast specific genes are not expressed by FBGCs and that FBGCs interact with osteoclasts during foreign body reaction through chemokines. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1290–1298, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined Usage of Stem Cells in End‐Stage Heart Failure Therapies
Authors: Wang Xintong , Zachman Angela L. , Haglund Nicholas A. , Maltais Simon , Sung Hak‐Joon 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTRemarkable achievements have been made in the clinical application of mechanical circulatory support and cardiac transplantation for patients with end‐stage heart failure. Despite the successes, complications associated with these therapies continue to drive cardiac regenerative research utilizing stem cell based therapies. Multiple stem cell lineages hold clinical promise for cardiac regeneration—mostly through cellular differentiation, cellular fusion, and paracrine signaling mechanisms. Bone marrow‐derived endothelial progenitor cells are among the most intriguing and controversial cell types currently being investigated. Formidable barriers exist, however, in finding the ideal cardiac regenerative stem cell, such as identifying specific lineage markers, optimizing in vitro cellular expansion and improving methods of stem cell delivery. Hybrid approaches of cardiac regeneration using stem cell therapies in conjunction with immunomodulation after cardiac transplantation or with mechanical circulatory support produce cutting edge stem cell technologies. This review summarizes the current knowledge and therapeutic applications of stem cells in patients with end‐stage heart failure, including stem cell therapy after implantation of mechanical circulatory support and cardiac transplantation. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1217–1224, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Positive clinical response to clopidogrel is independent of paraoxonase 1 Q192R and CYP2C19 genetic variants
Authors: Martínez‐Quintana Efrén , Medina‐Gil José M , Rodríguez‐González Fayna , Garay‐Sánchez Paloma , Limiñana José M , Saavedra Pedro , Tugores Antonio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThere is increasing controversy about the influence of serum paraoxonase type 1 and cytochrome CYP2C19 in the conversion of clopidogrel to its pharmaceutically active metabolite. The effect of concomitant medication with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole has been also subject of intense scrutiny.We present a cohort of 263 patients receiving anti‐platelet aggregation treatment with clopidogrel and aspirin for 1 year. The paraoxonase 1 gene Q192R variant along with the presence of CYP2C19*2 and *3 loss of function alleles, concomitant medication with proton pump inhibitors and known cardiovascular risk factors were examined to determine their influence in disease relapse due to an ischaemic event during the 12 month treatment period.The low number of patients suffering a relapse (20 out of 263), indicates that double anti‐aggregation therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel was very effective in our patients. Among the relapsers, evidence of coronary heart disease was the most influencial factor affecting response to therapy, while the presence of the paraoxonase 1 Q192R variant, loss of function of CYP2C19, and concomitant medication with omeprazole were non‐significant.
Comparative structural morphometry and elemental composition of three marine sponges from Western Coast of India
Authors: Kumar Maushmi S. , Shah Bhaumik 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThree marine sponges Halichondria glabrata, Cliono lobata, and Spirastrella pachyspira from the western coastal region of India were compared for their morphometry, biochemical, and elemental composition. One‐way analysis of variance was applied for spicule morphometry results. Length, width, and length:width ratio were calculated independently. The ratio of length:width varied from 35 to 42 among the grown samples, which remained in the range of 10–22 in young sample at the beginning of studies. However, no significant change was observed in spicule width compared to length. Elemental compositions of marine sponges were determined by field emission gun‐scanning electron microscope. Scanning electron microscopy data revealed that the spicules of all the three sponges were mostly composed of O (47–56%) and Si (30–40%), whereas Al (14.33%) was only detected in the spicules of C. lobata. Apart from these, K, Ni, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, and S were additionally detected in all the three samples. Presence of heavy metals in the sponges was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy. Results showed that iron was present in a large amount in samples, followed by zinc, lead, and copper. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:296–304, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.