bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay and Enzyme Immunoassay for Determination of Mumps and Rubella Immune Status in Health Care Personnel
Authors: Kumakura Shunichi , Shibata Hiroshi , Isobe Takeshi , Hirose Masahiro , Ohe Miki , Nishimura Nobuhiro , Onoda Keiichi , Nagai Atsushi , Yamaguchi Shuhei 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundScreening tests are available to determine immunity to vaccine‐preventable diseases, such as mumps and rubella. We aimed to define better assay for detecting immune status of health care personnel to vaccine‐preventable diseases.MethodsMumps and rubella antibodies of health care personnel at Shimane University Hospital were examined by hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI), comparing with those by enzyme immunoassay (EIA).ResultsA total of 910 sera from health care personnel were tested. There was poor correlation between HI and EIA in detecting mumps antibodies with correlation coefficient values (r) = 0.190 (P < 0.001), but in rubella antibodies HI and EIA were relatively well correlated (r = 0.930, P < 0.001). Seropositivity rate of HI versus EIA was found to be 65.7 versus 93.2, and 89.5 versus 86.5% for mumps and rubella, respectively. As compared with EIA, HI identified sixfold larger seronegative subjects in mumps. Moreover, in mumps, 88.8% of seronegative subjects detected by HI were seropositive by EIA, while 3.7% of seropositive subjects detected by HI were seronegative by EIA. In rubella, 2.1% of seronegative subjects detected by HI were seropositive by EIA, and 1.7% of seropositive by HI was seronegative by EIA.ConclusionConsiderable difference between HI and EIA in determining immune status of health care personnel to mumps and rubella suggests beneficial use of EIA for the identification of accurate susceptible personnel who subsequently undergo an effective vaccination programs. Seroprevalence survey of health care personnel by using appropriate assay is essential for prevention and infection control strategies in health care settings.
Reliability of two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI in elderly populations: Comparison with 15o‐water positron emission tomography
Authors: Kilroy Emily , Apostolova Liana , Liu Collin , Yan Lirong , Ringman John , Wang Danny J.J. 
Published: September 2013

PurposeTo investigate the reliability and accuracy of two pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) sequences, using two‐dimensional (2D) gradient‐echo echo planar imaging (EPI) and 3D gradient and spin echo (GRASE) as the readout, respectively.Materials and MethodsEach sequence was performed twice 4 weeks apart on six normal control subjects, six elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and one participant with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Eight of these subjects also underwent H215O positron emission tomography (PET) scans on the same day or proximal to their second MRI scan. The longitudinal repeatability of EPI and GRASE pCASL were evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and within‐subject coefficient of variation (wsCV).ResultsThe ICCs of global perfusion measurements were 0.697 and 0.413 for GRASE and EPI based pCASL respectively. GRASE pCASL also demonstrated a higher longitudinal repeatability for regional perfusion measurements across 24 regions‐of‐interests (ICC = 0.707; wsCV = 10.9%) compared with EPI pCASL (ICC = 0.362; wsCV = 15.3%). When compared with PET, EPI pCASL showed a higher degree of spatial correlation with PET than GRASE pCASL, although the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe 3D GRASE pCASL offers better repeatability than 2D EPI pCASL, thereby may provide a reliable imaging marker for the evaluation of disease progression and treatment effects in MCI and early AD subjects. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:931–939. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and cancers at other sites among patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Sweden
Authors: Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Ji Jianguang 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of most common viral infections worldwide. While chronic HBV infection has been shown consistently to be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, data on associations with cancers at other sites are limited. In this study a total of 10,197 patients were diagnosed with chronic HBV infection in Sweden, and they were retrieved from the nationwide Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and Outpatient Register and linked to Cancer Registry data. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for cancers were calculated for these patients in comparison with the population without HBV infection. Five hundred sixty‐seven of whom developed cancer (SIR 1.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.67–1.97)) during the study period. The SIR for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with HBV infection was 40.58 (95% CI 30.50–50.07). In addition, a total of seven other cancer sites/types showed increased SIRs: cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, lung, kidney, skin (squamous cell carcinoma), and thyroid gland, and lymphoma and leukemia. The risks of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia were increased in both Swedish‐ and foreign‐born patients with HBV infection. In summary, chronic HBV infection is a strong risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma and also increases the risk of seven other cancers. These findings illustrate the need for surveillance for cancers other than hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with HBV infection. J. Med. Virol. 86:18–22, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expanding the motivations for altruism: A philosophical perspective
Authors: Friedland Julian , Cole Benjamin M. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryWe argue that attempts to extrapolate moral motives for non‐egoistic behavior in organizational behavior often interpret results empathically or deontically, while leaving other moral motivational frames, such as the utilitarian and virtue ethical, under‐examined. We encourage the creation of experimental measures to distinguish various philosophical frames. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of the clock genes polymorphisms with colorectal cancer susceptibility
Authors: Karantanos Theodoros , Theodoropoulos George , Gazouli Maria , Vaiopoulou Anna , Karantanou Christina , Stravopodis Dimitrios J. , Bramis Konstantinos , Lymperi Maria , Pektasidis Dimitrios 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe circadian rhythm regulates the cell cycle progression and DNA damage response. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the CLOCK1, PER2, and PER3 genes with the colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility and clinicopathological variables.MethodsFour hundred two CRC patients and 480 healthy controls were included in a case–control study. Genotype and allelic frequencies of 311T>C (rs1801260) in CLOCK1 gene, G3853A (rs934945) in PER2 gene and 4/5 repeats polymorphisms in PER3 gene were evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism method in the DNA extracted from the peripheral blood of patients and controls.ResultsThe frequencies of the 311T>C CLOCK1 gene, CC genotype and C allele were significantly higher among CRC patients compared to controls (P < 0.0001) elevating the CRC risk by 2.78‐ and 1.78‐fold respectively. No correlation was found between G3853A and 4/5 repeats polymorphisms and CRC risk. The C/G/5 and C/G/4 repeats haplotypes were higher in CRC patients (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.038) elevating the CRC risk by 60% and 89% respectively. No correlation was found between any polymorphism and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients.ConclusionThe 311T>C polymorphism in the CLOCK1 gene significantly increases the risk for CRC development while it does not affect the outcome of CRC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 108:563–567. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partial failure of a perforator free flap can be salvaged by a second perforator free flap
Authors: Hallock Geoffrey G. 
Published: September 2013

IntroductionPerforator flaps as an innovative method for soft tissue transfer that maximizes function preservation, were originally introduced primarily as free flaps. Their reliability and versatility has been found to not differ from other sources of free flaps where total failure is an uncommon event. Partial failure should also be recognized as a possible dilemma that is perhaps more of a unique untoward sequela of perforator flaps.MethodA retrospective review of our flap experience over the past decade included 310 perforator free flaps. Partial perforator flap failure that required a second free flap for salvage was selected in 6 patients.ResultsAll perforator free flaps in our experience that had some form of partial failure were anterolateral thigh [ALT] free flaps. Clinically initially unrecognizable but ultimately distal flap ischemia could be attributed to poor flap design, and was the cause of immediate partial flap necrosis in 2 cases. Delayed difficulties were complications not specific to perforator flaps. In all cases, a free flap was considered the best option, and a second perforator free flap proved to resolve all reconstructive objectives.ConclusionsThe root cause of partial failure of a perforator free flap was found to be either iatrogenic or de novo in origin. The proper design requires an awareness of the correct topographic axis and an understanding of the perforasome concept to better insure adequate flap perfusion. If a free flap is still considered the best solution after a partial failure, the advantages and benefit of a second perforator free flap should not be overlooked. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:177–182, 2014.
Suprafascial pre‐expansion of perforator flaps and the effect of pre‐expansion on perforator artery diameter
Authors: Hocaoğlu Emre , Emeklİ Ufuk , Çİzmecİ Orhan , Uçar Adem 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundThis study addresses the “pre‐expanded perforator flap concept” by demonstrating a case series of relevant reconstructive procedures and evaluate the perforator vessel diameter changes that happen during the pre‐expansion procedure.MethodsFourteen patients were treated with 15 flaps. One patient was treated with two pre‐expanded internal mammary artery perforator flaps. In other cases, thoracodorsal, circumflex scapular, lumbar, intercostal, lateral circumflex femoral, and deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps were used. Technical details and rate of complications were noted. Evaluations of the flap pedicles were done both by hand held Doppler and by color Doppler ultrasound (CDU).ResultsFlaps successfully served to resurface and release thick and rigid broad scar tissues and contractures in 11 of relevant 12 patients (in one patient with 50% flap loss, adequate contracture release could only be obtained with addition of a secondary split thickness skin graft to the residual flap) and provided a good source of tissue for anterior neck reconstruction of one patient and penis reconstruction of another patient. In six patients, perforator artery diameters were measured by CDU both before and after the expansion process and a significant increase secondary to the pre‐expansion procedure was detected (Pre‐expansion mean: 0.48 ± 0.08 mm; post‐expansion mean: 0.65 ± 0.10 mm; P < 0.05). Flaps as large as 30 × 20 cm were harvested. Totally three partial flap necroses were experienced in 15 flap procedures.ConclusionsSuprafascial pre‐expansion of the perforator flaps seems to provide a solution to achieve broader and thinner perforator flaps with larger perforator arteries. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:188–196, 2014.
Pro‐Inflammatory macrophages increase in skeletal muscle of high fat‐Fed mice and correlate with metabolic risk markers in humans
Authors: Fink Lisbeth N. , Costford Sheila R. , Lee Yun S. , Jensen Thomas E. , Bilan Philip J. , Oberbach Andreas , Blüher Matthias , Olefsky Jerrold M. , Sams Anette , Klip Amira 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveIn obesity, immune cells infiltrate adipose tissue. Skeletal muscle is the major tissue of insulin‐dependent glucose disposal, and indices of muscle inflammation arise during obesity, but whether and which immune cells increase in muscle remain unclear.MethodsImmune cell presence in quadriceps muscle of wild type mice fed high‐fat diet (HFD) was studied for 3 days to 10 weeks, in CCL2‐KO mice fed HFD for 1 week, and in human muscle. Leukocyte presence was assessed by gene expression of lineage markers, cyto/chemokines and receptors; immunohistochemistry; and flow cytometry.ResultsAfter 1 week HFD, concomitantly with glucose intolerance, muscle gene expression of Ly6b, Emr1 (F4/80), Tnf, Ccl2, and Ccr2 rose, as did pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory markers Itgax (CD11c) and Mgl2. CD11c+ proinflammatory macrophages in muscle increased by 76%. After 10 weeks HFD, macrophages in muscle increased by 47%. Quadriceps from CCL2‐KO mice on HFD did not gain macrophages and maintained insulin sensitivity. Muscle of obese, glucose‐intolerant humans showed elevated CD68 (macrophage marker) and ITGAX, correlating with poor glucose disposal and adiposity.ConclusionMouse and human skeletal muscles gain a distinct population of inflammatory macrophages upon HFD or obesity, linked to insulin resistance in humans and CCL2 availability in mice.
Weight bias internalization, depression, and self‐reported health among overweight binge eating disorder patients
Authors: Pearl Rebecca L. , White Marney A. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the relationship between internalization of weight bias, which has been linked to specific negative mental health outcomes, and overall mental and physical health among overweight patients with binge eating disorder (BED). The role of depressive symptoms as a potential mediator in this relationship was also tested.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 255 individuals who were overweight and seeking treatment for BED completed the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS), Short‐Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36), and Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI). Regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between the WBIS and the SF‐36, and bootstrapping mediation analyses were conducted to test whether BDI scores mediated this relationship.ResultsHigher weight bias internalization was associated with poorer self‐reported health on all scales of the SF‐36, and BDI scores mediated the relationship. Additional analyses revealed that WBIS scores also mediated the relationship between BDI scores and three SF‐36 scales.ConclusionsWeight bias internalization is associated with poorer overall mental and physical health, and depressive symptoms may play a role in accounting for this relationship in treatment‐seeking overweight patients with BED.
Use of quantile regression to investigate the longitudinal association between physical activity and body mass index
Authors: Bottai Matteo , Frongillo Edward A. , Sui Xuemei , O'Neill Jennifer R. , McKeown Robert E. , Burns Trudy L. , Liese Angela D. , Blair Steven N. , Pate Russell R. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo examine associations among age, physical activity (PA), and birth cohort on body mass index (BMI) percentiles in men.MethodsLongitudinal analyses using quantile regression were conducted among men with ≥ two examinations between 1970 and 2006 from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (n = 17,759). Height and weight were measured; men reported their PA and were categorized as inactive, moderately, or highly active at each visit. Analyses allowed for longitudinal changes in PA.ResultsBMI was greater in older than younger men and in those born in 1960 than those born in 1940. Inactive men gained weight significantly more rapidly than active men. At the 10th percentile, increases in BMI among inactive, moderately active, and highly active men were 0.092, 0.078, and 0.069 kg/m2 per year of age, respectively. The 10th percentile increased by 0.081 kg/m2 per birth year and by 0.180 kg/m2 at the 90th percentile, controlling for age.ConclusionAlthough BMI increased with age, PA reduced the magnitude of the gradient among active compared to inactive men. Regular PA had an important, protective effect against weight gain. This study provides evidence of the utility of quantile regression to examine the specific causes of the obesity epidemic.
Through the glass darkly: intraepithelial neoplasia, top‐down differentiation, and the road to ovarian cancer
Authors: Crum Christopher P , Herfs Michael , Ning Gang , Bijron Jonathan G , Howitt Brooke E , Jimenez Cynthia A , Hanamornroongruang Suchanan , McKeon Frank D , Xian Wa 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIt is currently hoped that deaths from extra‐uterine high‐grade serous cancer (HGSC) will be reduced via opportunistic salpingectomy in healthy women. Accumulated data implicate the fimbria as a site of origin and descriptive molecular pathology and experimental evidence strongly support a serous carcinogenic sequence in the Fallopian tube. Both direct and indirect (‘surrogate’) precursors suggest that the benign tube undergoes important biological changes after menopause, acquiring abnormalities in gene expression that are often shared with malignancy, including PAX2, ALDH1, LEF1, RCN1, RUNX2, beta‐catenin, EZH2, and others. However, the tube can be linked to only some HGSCs, recharging arguments that nearby peritoneum/ovarian surface epithelium (POSE) also hosts progenitors to this malignancy. A major sticking point is the difference in immunophenotype between POSE and Müllerian epithelium, essentially requiring mesothelial to Müllerian differentiation prior to or during malignant transformation to HGSC. However, emerging evidence implicates an embryonic or progenitor phenotype in the adult female genital tract with the capacity to differentiate, normally or during neoplastic transformation. Recently, a putative cell of origin for cervical cancer has been identified in the squamo‐columnar (SC) junction, projecting a model whereby Krt7+ embryonic progenitors give rise to immunophenotypically distinct progeny under stromal influences via ‘top down’ differentiation. Similar differentiation can be seen in the endometrium with a parallel in juxtaposed mesothelial and Müllerian differentiation in the ovary. Abrupt mesothelial–Müllerian transitions remain to be proven, but would explain the rapid evolution, short asymptomatic interval, and absence of a defined epithelial starting point in many HGSCs. Resolving this question will require accurately distinguishing progenitor from progeny tumour cells in HGSC and pinpointing where initial transformation and trans‐differentiation occur, whether in the tube or POSE. Both will be critical to expectations from prophylactic salpingectomy and future approaches to pelvic serous cancer prevention. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, biological activities and SAR studies of novel 1‐Ethyl‐7‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydro‐[1,8]naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid based diacyl and sulfonyl acyl hydrazines
Authors: Aggarwal Nisha , Kumar Rajesh , Srivastava Chitra , Dureja Prem , Khurana J. M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiacyl hydrazines have attracted significant interest in medicine, pesticide chemistry and material science. It is an important class of insect growth regulators. In this study, acyl hydrazine, the essential active group was incorporated in to nalidixic acid with the aim of combining the active groups to generate more potent agrochemical.RESULTSVarious nalidixic acid based diacyl and sulphonyl acyl hydrazines derivatives were synthesized and characterized by spectral techniques. These compounds were screened for the antifungal activity against five pathogenic fungi, nitrification inhibitory activity and insect growth regulator (IGR) activity against Spodoptera litura. The fungicidal activity was screened against R. bataticola, S. rolfsii, R. solani, F. oxysporum and A. porri. Most of the compounds showed moderate to good antifungal activity against A. porri (ED50 = 29.6‐495.9 µg/mL). All the compounds showed significant nitrification inhibitory activity at 5% level. IGR activity was examined by feeding method against S. litura.CONCLUSIONThe study revealed that a few compounds possessed good activity against three different pests namely certain fungus, soil bacteria and insect, among which, compound 37 (R' = 4‐chlorophenyl) behaved the best. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential teachers' appropriate and inappropriate application of pedagogical resources in a model‐based physics course: A “knowledge in pieces” perspective on teacher learning
Authors: Harlow Danielle B. , Bianchini Julie A. , Swanson Lauren H. , Dwyer Hilary A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe used a “knowledge in pieces” perspective on teacher learning to document undergraduates' pedagogical resources in a model‐based physics course for potential teachers. We defined pedagogical resources as small, discrete ideas about teaching science that are applied appropriately or inappropriately in specific contexts. Neither right nor wrong, all pedagogical resources can be used to build toward a more sophisticated pedagogical stance. We collected three kinds of data across this 11‐week course: videotapes of class sessions, undergraduates' written assignments and projects, and individual interviews. We qualitatively analyzed these data for pedagogical resources that undergraduates applied both appropriately and inappropriately to make sense of the large concept of model‐based science instruction. We identified four such resources: (1) the teacher's role is to provide the right answer, (2) guiding students is less certain than telling them (the right answer), (3) a good model includes scientific terms, and (4) children are creative thinkers. We examined the ways potential teachers' inappropriate application of these four pedagogical resources interfered with their attempts to understand science teaching through modeling. We also explored how seemingly problematic small ideas about teaching were applied appropriately toward a more nuanced description of model‐based science instruction. In our discussion and implications, we recommended ways content course instructors and science education researchers can identify and build from potential teachers' pedagogical resources to help them better understand the large concept of model‐based science instruction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 1098–1126, 2013
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Compounds Containing the Al–O–Al Motif
Authors: Yang Zhi , Hao Pengfei , Liu Zhihong , Ma Xiaoli , Roesky Herbert W. , Yang Ying , Li Jiarong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe reaction of LAlMe2 (1) [L = HC(CMeNAr)2, Ar = 2, 6‐iPr2C6H3] with diphenylstannanediol resulted in the methylalumoxane compound L(Me)Al(μ‐O)Al(Me)L (3). Compound (LAlO)2B(2, 6‐OCH3C6H4)(μ‐O) (4) containing the Al2BO3 six‐membered ring was accomplished by reacting the precursor LAlH2 (2) with 2, 6‐dimethoxyphenylboronic acid. The two compounds were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis.
The Development of Genetic Counseling Services and Training Program in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Qari Alya A. , Balobaid Ameera S. , Rawashdeh Rifaat R. , Al‐Sayed Moeenaldeen D. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn 2005 the first Saudi genetic counseling training program was established by the Department of Medical Genetics at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH&RC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The program has graduated five genetic counselors with high diploma‐level degree. This brief report describes the development of the genetic counseling training program and the factors that led to its establishment. Special emphasis is made to unique cultural practices including consanguinity, religious influence, and termination of pregnancy. This report also describes the current status of the genetic counseling services offered by KFSH&RC and availability of genetic testing.