bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bicolored display ofMiconia albicansfruits: Evaluating visual and physiological functions of fruit colors
Authors: de Camargo Maria Gabriela G. , Schaefer H. Martin , Habermann Gustavo , Cazetta Eliana , Soares Natalia Costa , Morellato Leonor Patrícia C. 
Published: September 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Most bird‐dispersed fruits are green when unripe and become colored and conspicuous when ripe, signaling that fruits are ready to be consumed and dispersed. The color pattern for fruits ofMiconia albicans(Melastomataceae), however, is the opposite, with reddish unripe and green ripe fruits. We (1) verified the maintenance over time of its bicolored display, (2) tested the communicative function of unripe fruits, (3) tested the photoprotective role of anthocyanins in unripe fruits, and (4) verified whether green ripe fruits can assimilate carbon.METHODS:Using a paired experiment, we tested whether detection of ripe fruits was higher on infructescences with unripe and ripe fruits compared with infructescences with only ripe fruits. We also measured and compared gas exchange, chlorophyllafluorescence, and heat dissipation of covered (to prevent anthocyanin synthesis) and uncovered ripe and unripe fruits.KEY RESULTS:Although the bicolored display was maintained over time, unripe fruits had no influence on bird detection and removal of ripe fruits. Ripe and unripe fruits did not assimilate CO2, but they respired instead.CONCLUSIONS:Since the communicative function of unripe fruits was not confirmed, seed dispersers are unlikely to select the display with bicolored fruits. Because of the absence of photosynthetic activity in ripe and unripe fruits and enhanced photoprotective mechanisms in ripe fruits rather than in unripe fruits, we could not confirm the photoprotective role of anthocyanins in unripe fruits. As an alternative hypothesis, we suggest that the bicolored fruit display could be an adaptation to diversify seed dispersal vectors instead of restricting dispersal to birds and that anthocyanins in unripe fruits may have a defense role against pathogens.
F‐actin distribution in root primary tissues of several seed plant species
Authors: Pesacreta Thomas C. 
Published: September 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Primary vascular tissues of angiosperm and gymnosperm roots have significant anatomical differences. In gymnosperms, lack of protophloem sieve elements indicates a lengthy parenchymatous pathway for nutrient transport to the root apical meristem (RAM). Because F‐actin is an essential component of transport in parenchyma cells, the distribution of F‐actin was determined and compared among roots of several angiosperm and gymnosperm species.METHODS:Roots were chemically fixed and sectioned by hand to enable rapid production of many sections for labeling F‐actin with phalloidin.KEY RESULTS:In angiosperm and gymnosperm root tips, relative intensity of F‐actin labeling was highest in primary vascular tissues. Parenchyma cells in and around protophloem tended to have more F‐actin while cells in cortical and protoxylem tissues tended to have less. In gymnosperms, phloem parenchyma was intensely labeled for several millimeters distal to the root apical meristem (RAM), and the F‐actin is mostly composed of bundles that lie parallel to the root longitudinal axis. This orientation differed from the multidirectional arrangement of F‐actin filaments in cortical cells. In angiosperms, intense F‐actin labeling of pericycle and phloem parenchyma cells occurred around the first mature sieve elements.CONCLUSIONS:F‐actin is concentrated in the vascular cylinder, commonly in primary phloem parenchyma. In gymnosperms, the absence of sieve elements suggests that cytoplasmic streaming has a role in some aspect of phloem transport or unloading. In angiosperms, the region of intense F‐actin labeling in the phloem parenchyma is limited to the extreme terminal portion of primary phloem where unloading of the earliest mature sieve elements occurs.
Interactions among cluster‐root investment, leaf phosphorus concentration, and relative growth rate in two Lupinus species
Authors: Wang Xing , Veneklaas Erik J. , Pearse Stuart J. , Lambers Hans 
Published: September 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Cluster‐root (CR) formation is a desirable trait to improve phosphorus (P) acquisition as global P resources are dwindling. CRs in some lupine species are suppressed at higher P status. Whether increased growth rate enhances CR formation due to a “dilution” of leaf P concentration is unknown. We investigated interactive effects of leaf P status and relative growth rate (RGR) on CR formation in two Lupinus species, which differ in their CR biomass investment. Variation in RGR was imposed by varying day length.METHODS:Lupinus albus and L. pilosus were grown hydroponically with KH2PO4 at a day length of 6, 10, or 14 h. We used a slightly higher P supply at longer day lengths to avoid a decline in leaf P concentration, which would induce CRs. Cluster‐root percentage, leaf P concentrations, and RGR were determined at 22, 38, and 52 d after sowing.KEY RESULTS:Lupinus species grown at similar root P availability, but with a faster growth rate, as dependent on day length, showed a greater CR percentage. Because our aim to achieve exactly the same leaf P concentrations at different day lengths was only partially achieved, we carried out a multiple regression analysis. This analysis showed the CR percentage was strongly and negatively correlated with plant P status and only marginally and positively correlated with RGR.CONCLUSIONS:The two Lupinus species invariably formed fewer cluster roots at higher leaf P status, irrespective of RGR. Differences in RGR or leaf P concentration cannot explain the species‐specific variation in cluster‐root investment.
La peur du déclin économique face à l’épuisement des ressources naturelles, de W. Stanley Jevons à Herbert S. Jevons (1865-1915)
Authors: Missemer Antoine 
Published: September 2015

La prospérité inédite de la Grande-Bretagne au xix e siècle se trouve, dans les années 1860, sous une menace restée longtemps invisible : l’épuisement des mines de charbon. C’est W. Stanley Jevons qui, le premier, souligne avec vigueur les risques que présente cet épuisement pour l’avenir économique de son pays. Cinquante ans plus tard, en 1915 exactement, son fils, Herbert S. Jevons, prolonge son analyse dans des directions multiples. Si ces deux auteurs s’accordent pour indiquer que l’épuisement des ressources pose un problème de coût de production plus que de pénurie, tous deux ne mettent pas en évidence les mêmes voies de sortie pour éviter le déclin industriel. Cette peur du déclin reste néanmoins une caractéristique forte de la pensée économique britannique du tournant du xx e siècle.
Du libéralisme historique à la crise sociale du xx e siècle
Authors: Fèvre Raphaël 
Published: September 2015

Les traits qui caractérisent la crise de civilisation dont Wilhelm Röpke (1899-1966) se fait le témoin peuvent être ramenés à une attaque en règle contre le collectivisme et la planification. La massification généralisée de la société trouve un aboutissement particulièrement nuisible dans le champ de l’économie, avec la concentration de la grande industrie et l’asservissement du travailleur. Néanmoins, dans ses travaux, Wilhelm Röpke rejette dos à dos libéralisme historique et socialisme planificateur. L’objet de cet article est de montrer que ce rejet passe chez lui par une lecture historique particulière, celle d’un enchaînement causal de l’un à l’autre eu égard à l’intensification des mêmes tendances délétères. En ce sens, la crise sociale du xx e siècle est le fruit du déclin interne du libéralisme : la période contemporaine devient intelligible seulement par une analyse des causes premières, lesquelles prennent racine au siècle précédent. L’étude ambitionne de reconstruire cette analyse dans sa complexité, c’est-à-dire de mêler les différents niveaux de discours employés par Röpke : principalement sur le plan culturel, sociologique et économique.
Diabetes in Tribes of India: A literature review
Authors: Kumar Arun , Bhatia Manohar , Goel Pawan , Jain Ram 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM), commonly regarded as a lifestyle disease, used to be a disease of affluent societies in the days of yore. However, now it has encroached into the rural and tribal communities as well. This narrative review provides us with an understanding of the epidemiology of diabetes burden in tribes of India. Around 15% of the country′s area is covered by tribals and it constitutes ~8.6% (i. e., ~104 million) of India′s total population. Prevalence of diabetes in tribal areas ranges from around 1% to 10%. Hence, intensive efforts directed towards filling the gaps in awareness levels and the operational research or other data gaps would help prevent and control the problem of diabetes and fill these gaps in tribal areas.
On the Commutators of Singular Integral Operators with Rough Convolution Kernels
Authors: Guo Xiaoli , Hu Guoen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLet TΩ be the singular integral operator with kernel , where Ω is homogeneous of degree zero, has mean value zero, and belongs to Lq(Sn–1) for some q ∊ (1,∞). In this paper, the authors establish the compactness on weighted Lp spaces and the Morrey spaces, for the commutator generated by CMO(ℝn) function and TΩ. The associated maximal operator and the discrete maximal operator are also considered.
Caregiving Experiences of Latino Families With Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Blanche Erna Imperatore , Diaz Jesus , Barretto Tanya , Cermak Sharon A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Prior research has documented caregiving difficulties in families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, Latino families may encounter unique challenges. The purpose of this study was to understand the caregiving experiences of Latino families with children with ASD, including daily activities, coping strategies, and service utilization.
METHOD. Fifteen Latino parents of children with ASD were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed for analysis to identify themes of experiences unique to this population.
RESULTS. Latino families of children with ASD encounter many similar issues as non-Latino families but also unique issues that affect service utilization. Four themes were identified: dealing with the diagnosis, dealing with stigma and isolation from family and community, understanding the role of mothers in changing family routines, and utilizing services.
CONCLUSION. To meet the unique needs of Latino families, services need to be provided in culturally sensitive context that address children’s needs within family units.
Content Analysis of Qualitative Research on Children and Youth With Autism, 1993–2011: Considerations for Occupational Therapy Services
Authors: Swinth Yvonne , Tomlin George , Luthman Marge 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Through a content analysis of qualitative research published 1993–2011, we sought to determine how qualitative research can inform clinical reasoning among occupational therapy practitioners to support evidence-based, occupation-focused services for children and youth with autism and their families.
METHOD. A qualitative literature search of journals inside and outside occupational therapy, including international journals, yielded 125 articles. We reviewed 110 articles that met inclusion criteria, 79 of which were coded by four occupational therapists with experience working with families with a child or youth with autism.
RESULTS. Nineteen content codes were initially derived. Three themes were identified: (1) service challenges for the family, (2) day-to-day experience of autism, and (3) reframing family.
CONCLUSION. This content analysis illustrates how qualitative research may help occupational therapy practitioners make comprehensive, occupation-based intervention decisions by considering the lived experience of children and youth with autism and their families.
Repeat Offenders: Reprinting Visual Satire Across France’s Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: Desplanque Kathryn 
Published: September 2015

Dans cet article, nous nous penchons sur deux caricatures françaises du XVIIIe siècle et sur leurs différents tirages parus au courant des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles : Triomphe des Arts Modernes ou Carnaval de Jupiter, d’auteur inconnu, et L’Assemblée de Brocanteurs, attribuée au comte de Caylus. Empruntant aux méthodologies des études de la culture matérielle et visuelle, nous examinons la signification cachée du geste éditorial qui consiste à produire de nouveaux tirages de ces plaques de cuivre, geste riche de similarités avec la nature même de la satire et avec la matérialité de l’estampe. En déchiffrant l’iconographie dense de chaque image et en examinant les différences dans le fonctionnement de chaque estampe selon la date du tirage, nous traitons de la tendance de ces caricatures à citer de façon parasitique les cibles de leurs attaques. Par ailleurs, nous mobilisons l’interprétation de Miriam Hansen de l’essai de Walter Benjamin, « L’Oeuvre d’art à l’époque de sa reproductibilité technique », afin d’analyser l’importance de la matérialité de l’estampe par rapport au statut de chaque nouveau tirage et de réfléchir aux notions d’« image » vs « chose », et d’éloignement vs proximité.
The Theophilus Relief at Souillac and the Eleventh-Century Reforms of the Church
Authors: Krindle C. Ruth 
Published: September 2015

Le relief de Théophile situé sur le mur occidental de la nef de l’église de Souillac (vers 1120–1140) est plus qu’une simple illustration de la légende théophilienne : il communique un message aux moines instruits. Puisant parmi certains thèmes moins connus de la légende, ce relief met en garde contre les desseins diaboliques sous-jacents à la nomination des dignitaires haut placés de l’Église. Soutenue par une analyse d’ensembles sculptés provenant des environs de Souillac, notre interprétation replace le relief de Théophile dans le contexte historique de la période de la réforme de l’Église qui venait de s’achever – réforme qui toucha principalement des questions relatives à la nomination du haut clergé alors que la vente par les simonistes de dignités ecclésiastiques fut éradiquée et la papauté prit en charge la sélection des métropolitains et évêques.
A Study of Chinese Reverse Mergers in United States Capital Markets
Authors: DuVal Charles W. , Quilliam Will 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article examines Chinese reverse mergers (RMs), historically a popular method for Chinese companies to enter the United States capital markets. The authors develop a regression model to identify the characteristics associated with successful Chinese RM companies and compare their long term performance to other benchmarks, to include U.S. reverse mergers, Chinese cross-listed firms and the Russell 2000.
The Construction of Organizational Structure : Connections with Autopoietic Systems Theory
Authors: Dissanayake Kumudinei , Takahashi Masayasu 
Published: September 2015

This study aimed to conceptualize the formation of organizational structures from the constructionist perspective. Avoiding the extremisms in equilibrium- and processbased
theories, it adopts a recursivity-based approach, and draws most of its theoretical foundation from autopoietic systems theory. This study finds that organizations possess a "system organization,” formed through the shared sense of their actors and a “structural configuration,” which is founded on this shared sense. Based on the shared sense, this structural configuration is shaped by both formal organizational architecture and the temporal and contextual interactive processes of organizational actors. It suggests that organizational structures are unique constructions, subject to temporal and contextual variation.
Controls on biogenic silica burial in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Chase Zanna , Kohfeld Karen E. , Matsumoto Katsumi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the controls on opal export in the Southern Ocean can inform both the prediction of how the leakage of silicic acid from the Southern Ocean responds to climate and the interpretation of paleo‐proxies. We have compiled a database of 185 230Thorium‐normalized opal burial rates and 493 opal concentration measurements in Southern Ocean sediments and matched these with environmental climatologies. By subdividing the Southern Ocean on the basis of oceanographic regions and interpolating the opal burial rates, we estimate a total biogenic Si burial south of 40°S of 2.3 ± 1.0 Tmol Si yr−1. In both the seasonally ice‐covered and permanently ice‐free regions we can explain 73% of opal burial variability from surface ocean properties. Where sea ice is present for at least part of the year, the length of the ice‐free season determines the upper limit of opal burial in the underlying sediments. In the ice‐free regions of the Southern Ocean, the supply of silicic acid through winter mixing is the most important factor. Our results do not support a strong role of iron in controlling opal burial. We do however find that satellite‐derived net primary production increases with increasing (modeled) dust delivery. These findings support the decoupling between carbon and opal fluxes in the Southern Ocean. When corrected for opal dissolution, the observed opal fluxes are in reasonable agreement with fluxes simulated using an ocean biogeochemical model. However, the results suggest current preservation algorithms for opal could be improved by incorporating the composition of particle flux, not only its magnitude.
Quantitative estimates of Asian dust input to the western Philippine Sea in the mid‐late Quaternary and its potential significance for paleoenvironment
Authors: Xu Zhaokai , Li Tiegang , Clift Peter D. , Lim Dhongil , Wan Shiming , Chen Hongjin , Tang Zheng , Jiang Fuqing , Xiong Zhifang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present a new high‐resolution multiproxy data set of Sr‐Nd isotopes, rare earth element, soluble iron, and total organic carbon data from International Marine Global Change Study Core MD06‐3047 located in the western Philippine Sea. We integrate our new data with published clay mineralogy, rare earth element chemistry, thermocline depth, and δ13C differences between benthic and planktonic foraminifera, in order to quantitatively constrain Asian dust input to the basin. We explore the relationship between Philippine Sea and high‐latitude Pacific eolian fluxes, as well as its significance for marine productivity and atmospheric CO2 during the mid‐late Quaternary. Three different indices indicate that Asian dust contributes between ∼15% and ∼50% to the detrital fraction of the sediments. Eolian dust flux in Core MD06‐3047 is similar to that in the polar southern Pacific sediment. Coherent changes for most dust flux maximum/minimum indicate that dust generation in interhemispheric source areas might have a common response to climatic variation over the mid‐late Quaternary. Furthermore, we note relatively good coherence between Asian dust input, soluble iron concentration, local marine productivity, and even global atmospheric CO2 concentration over the entire study interval. This suggests that dust‐borne iron fertilization of marine phytoplankton might have been a periodic process operating at glacial/interglacial time scales over the past 700 ka. We suggest that strengthening of the biological pump in the Philippine Sea, and elsewhere in the tropical western Pacific during the mid‐late Quaternary glacial periods may contribute to the lowering of atmospheric CO2 concentrations during ice ages.
Erosion patterns and mantle sources of topographic change across the southern African Plateau derived from the shallow and deep records of kimberlites
Authors: Stanley Jessica R. , Flowers Rebecca M. , Bell David R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFlow in the sublithospheric mantle is increasingly invoked as a mechanism to explain both modern and past surface topography, but the importance of this phenomenon and its influence at different localities are debated. Southern Africa is an elevated continental shield proposed to represent dynamically supported topography. However, this region is also characterized by a complex lithospheric architecture variably affected by Cretaceous heating, thinning, and metasomatic alteration. We used apatite (U‐Th)/He thermochronometry on 15 Cretaceous kimberlites from an ∼600 km long transect across the Kaapvaal Craton, combined with information from xenoliths in these pipes, to determine the plateau interior erosion history. The goal was to determine the relationships with lithospheric modification patterns and thereby better isolate the sublithospheric contribution to elevation. The results document a wave of erosion from west to east across the craton from ∼120 to <60 Ma, initially focused along paleorivers and then retreating as a scarp across the landscape. This spatially variable erosion event was associated with limited modification of the Archean cratonic lithospheric mantle as recorded by mantle xenoliths and xenocrysts, implying that dynamic buoyancy sources may be required to explain the elevations. In contrast, off‐craton to the southwest, a more pronounced regional erosion phase at ∼110–90 Ma was coincident with significant modification of the Proterozoic lithospheric mantle. This relationship suggests that lithospheric processes were more important contributors to erosion and topographic change off‐craton than on‐craton. Together, these results suggest that lithospheric architecture can have an important control on the surface expression of mantle dynamics.
Late Miocene to recent plate tectonic history of the southern Central America convergent margin
Authors: Morell Kristin D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNew plate reconstructions constrain the tectonic evolution of the subducting Cocos and Nazca plates across the southern Central American subduction zone from late Miocene to recent. Because of the strong relationships between lower and upper (Caribbean) plate dynamics along this margin, these constraints have wide‐ranging implications for the timing and growth of upper plate deformation and volcanism in southern Central America. The reconstructions outline three important events in the Neogene history of this margin: (1) the coeval development of the Panama Triple Junction with the initiation of oblique subduction of the Nazca plate at ∼8.5 Ma; (2) the initiation of seamount and rough crust subduction beginning at ∼3–4 Ma; and (3) Cocos Ridge subduction from ∼2 to 3 Ma. A comparison of these events with independent geologic, geomorphic, volcanic, and stratigraphic data sets reveals that the timing, rates, and origin of subducting crust directly impacted the Neogene growth of upper plate deformation and volcanism in southern Central America. These analyses constrain the timing, geometry, and causes of a number of significant tectonic and volcanic processes, including rapid Plio‐Quaternary arc‐fore arc contraction due to Cocos Ridge subduction, the detachment of the Panama microplate at ∼1–3 Ma, and the late Miocene cessation of mantle‐wedge‐derived volcanism across ∼300 km of the subduction zone.