bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eocene tearing and fragmentation of Indian lithosphere beneath the Woka rift, southern Tibet
Authors: Gong Lin , Wang Qiang , Kerr Andrew C. , Chen Huayong , Fan Jingjing , Wang Zilong , Xu Dongjing , Yang Qiji 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
When and how the syncontractional N-S–trending rifts formed in the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau are crucial, yet unsolved issues that could help establish the interplay between geodynamic evolution and uplift of the plateau. Recent geophysical observations indicate that although Indian lithosphere tearing is the most likely trigger for rift formation, the timing of this tearing remains uncertain. To address this issue, we studied the Woka rift, which represents a typical N-S–trending rift in southern Tibet. Our results show that granitoids from the hanging wall and footwall of the Woka rift have significantly different magma crystallization temperatures (770–860 °C versus 650–750 °C) and crustal thickness (~40 km versus ~60 km) during the Eocene. These differences were most likely linked to tearing of the Indian lithosphere. The integration of crustal thickness trends and bedrock emplacement depth from the Eocene to the Oligocene suggest that the hanging wall exhumed at a faster rate than the footwall. From this information, it is clear that the Woka rift did not undergo E-W extension during this period. Integrating data from geophysics, thermochronology, mantle-derived, N-S–trending dikes, and adakitic rocks, we propose that Indian lithospheric tearing and fragmentation during the Eocene caused weakening of the Tibetan middle-lower crust rather than directly triggering surface extension of the Woka rift. This study has significant implications for the deep lithospheric processes and surface responses in the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau.
Contourite-drift archive links Late Devonian bioevents with periodic anoxic shelf water cascading
Authors: Arwed Gibb M. , Hüneke Heiko , Jadhav Jayant , Gibb Laura M. , Mehlhorn Paul , Mayer Oliver , Sarah Aboussalam Z. , Thomas Becker R. , Hassani Ahmed El , Baidder Lahssen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Analysis of a Devonian contourite depositional system in the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco reveals the formation of widespread erosional hiatuses and organic-rich bioclastic contourites (ORCs) coinciding with the expansion of an anoxic water mass during Frasnian bioevents, ultimately culminating in the Kellwasser crisis (Frasnian–Famennian extinction event). The identified contourite terrace formed on the uppermost slope of the northern passive margin of Gondwana. Its inner part was bounded by an along-slope contourite channel and a small mounded drift at its downslope margin. Facies- and drift-scale contourite features evidence northwest-directed bottom currents driven by repeated overflows of dense, highly saline, anoxic water originating from the northern Gondwana Epicontinental Sea. These periodic overflows were channeled through the Ougarta trough, then deflected westward over the Tafilalt contourite terrace by the Coriolis force and cascaded downslope until reaching a density equilibrium level, probably forming an intermediate water mass. The cascading of dense, anoxic shelf water supports the photic-zone eutrophication (top-down) model proposed for the Kellwasser crisis and related Devonian anoxic events. We propose a direct link between the anoxic overflows and the Devonian evolutionary events.
Rupture segmentation on the East Anatolian fault (Turkey) controlled by along-strike variations in long-term slip rates in a structurally complex fault system
Authors: Wang Binhao , Barbot Sylvain 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The East Anatolian fault in Turkey exhibits along-strike rupture segmentation, typically resulting in earthquakes with moment magnitude (Mw) up to 7.5 that are confined to individual segments. However, on 6 February 2023, a catastrophic Mw 7.8 earthquake struck near Kahramanmaraş (southeastern Turkey), defying previous expectations by rupturing multiple segments spanning over 300 km and overcoming multiple geometric complexities. We explore the mechanics of successive single- and multi-segment ruptures using numerical models of the seismic cycle calibrated to historical earthquake records and geodetic observations of the 2023 doublet. Our model successfully reproduces the observed historical rupture segmentation and the rare occurrence of multi-segment earthquakes. The segmentation pattern is influenced by variations in long-term slip rate along strike across the kinematically complex fault network between the Arabian and Anatolian plates. Our physics-based seismic cycle simulations shed light on the long-term variability of earthquake size that shapes seismic hazards.
Falls and patterns of physical activity participation over 18 years in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health
Authors: Kwok Wing S , Khalatbari-Soltani Saman , Dolja-Gore Xenia , Byles Julie , S Oliveira Juliana , Pinheiro Marina B , Tiedemann Anne , Sherrington Catherine 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between long-term physical activity (PA) participation and falls.MethodsParticipants in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health born 1946–1951 self-reported amounts of PA every 3 years since 1998 (mean age: 54 years, n=11 796). Latent class analysis described profiles of self-reported PA participation over 18 years. Associations between patterns of PA participation and self-reported falls measured in 2019 were examined using multinomial logistic regression adjusted for directed-acyclic graph-informed potential confounders, with the highly active group as the reference category.ResultsWomen were grouped into five PA participation profiles. Compared with consistently highly active patterns (maintaining ≥300 min/week, 22%), consistently lower levels of PA<100 min/week (18%), consistently some PA<150 min/week (18%) and decreasing PA but maintaining≥150 min/week (n=3540, 30%) had higher odds of non-injurious falls (odds Ratiolower level(OR): 1.59, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.97; ORsome PA: 1.27, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.55; ORdecreasing activity:1.29, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.63) and injurious falls (ORlow level: 1.32, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.64; ORsome PA: 1.27, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.54; ORdecreasing activity: 1.47, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.83). No association was found between increasing PA (≥150 min/week, 11%) for non-injurious (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.29) and injurious falls (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.29). After adjusting for potential confounders, consistently lower levels of PA remained associated with increased non-injurious falls odds (OR1998 survey: 1.40, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.77; OR2016 survey: 1.35, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.71).ConclusionThe increased odds of falls among women with consistently lower levels of PA over 18 years supports ongoing participation of 150+ min/week of PA.
Efficacy and safety of faricimab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Samacá-Samacá Daniel , Hernández-Castillo Claudia , Prieto-Pinto Laura , Rodríguez Francisco , Sardi Carolina , Ocampo Hugo , Kock Joshua , Hernández Fabián 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of faricimab compared with other anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients.Methods and analysisA systematic review (SR) was conducted up to January 2023. Network meta-analyses (NMA) were performed, including sensitivity and subgroup analyses for naïve population. Outcomes included changes in visual acuity (Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] letters), anatomical changes, frequency of injections and adverse events. The Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis framework were used for the SR and the certainty of evidence, respectively.ResultsFrom 4128 identified records through electronic databases and complementary searches, 63 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) met the eligibility criteria, with 42 included in the NMA. Faricimab showed a significant reduction in the number of annual injections compared with most fixed and flexible anti-VEGF treatment regimens, while showing no statistically significant differences in visual acuity through ETDRS letter gain, demonstrating a comparable efficacy. Retinal thickness results showed comparable efficacy to other anti-VEGF agents, and inferior only to brolucizumab. Results also showed that more patients treated with faricimab were free from post-treatment retinal fluid compared with aflibercept every 8 weeks, and both ranibizumab and bevacizumab, in the fixed and pro re nata (PRN) assessed schedules. Faricimab showed a comparable safety profile regarding the risk of ocular adverse events and serious ocular adverse events (SOAE), except for the comparison with brolucizumab quarterly, in which faricimab showed a significant reduction for SOAE risk.ConclusionFaricimab showed a comparable clinical benefit in efficacy and safety outcomes, with a reduction in annual injections compared with fixed and flexible anti-VEGF drug regimens, representing a valuable treatment option for nAMD patients.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023394226.
Client perspectives on creating supportive sexual health environments for people with persistent anxiety: a qualitative study
Authors: Black Stéphanie , Watt Sarah , Gilbert Mark , Pedersen Heather Nicole , Ablona Aidan , Chang Hsiu-Ju , Salway Travis 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesWe sought to explore sexual health service clients’ perspectives, preferences and suggestions for how to better address or alleviate anxiety among clients of sexual health services (eg, sexually transmitted infection testing) regarding both online and in-person sexual health services among those who experience persistent anxiety.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with 27 sexual health service clients with persistent experiences of anxiety in British Columbia, Canada. Participants were recruited from respondents to a COVID-19-related sexual health survey who consented to follow up. Interviews were conducted via Zoom, recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were coded and analysed using thematic analysis by searching for themes in order to summarise the experiences and needs of participants.ResultsThe median participant age was 34. 16 participants identified as women, 10 as men and 1 each as non-binary and gender fluid. Participants described anxiety related to sexual health service access and experiences due to sexual health-related stigma and privacy concerns; provider judgement and lack of communication or information regarding test results. They suggested that routinely integrating discussions with providers about mental health in sexually transmitted and bloodborne infection (STBBI) testing appointments may help clients feel safer and could connect them to support. They highlighted the need for personal and genuine interactions with providers (eg, making appointments feel less perfunctory, asking clients how they are feeling about why they are there) and sufficient time with providers (eg, not feeling rushed through the appointment, time to discuss resources, testing and advice).ConclusionsDisease-specialised health services may not adequately address the multifaceted and inter-related mental health needs of people accessing services. In STBBI testing service settings, more personalised appointments, additional communication with providers and easier access to results can help improve both the service experiences of people experiencing persistent anxiety and their connections to appropriate mental health support.
Understanding experiences and perspectives in addressing unmet social needs of children and families in a paediatric weight management program: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Kwan Celia , Davis Sarah , Marjerrison Stacey , Wahi Gita 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe objective is to describe the experiences and perceptions of caregivers who participated in a community systems navigator intervention that addressed unmet social needs.Design, setting and patientsA qualitative descriptive study with caregivers of children enrolled in a clinical trial addressing unmet social needs of families with children cared for in a tertiary pediatric weight management clinic, through community systems navigation. Participants were asked open-ended questions related to perceptions of social needs screening in clinical settings. Interviews were recorded and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase approach to thematic analysis.ResultsTen parent participants were interviewed. Social needs screening perception and acceptability varied between participants. Social needs screening was comfortable for most but stressful for others. Participants noted that trusting relationships promote comfort with sharing social needs information, and this data should be shared on the electronic health record if accurate and purposeful. They found the online screening tool convenient but thought it could also limit opportunities to elaborate. Some participants noted the intervention of community systems navigation helpful; however, others described the need for more tailored resources.ConclusionsScreening for unmet social needs in clinical settings is complex and should be family centred, including the consideration of the mode of screening, data sharing in the electronic health record and ensuing interventions. Perspectives of families should drive the design of future larger scale community navigation interventions to address unmet social needs in clinical settings.
Work-related slip, trip and fall injuries reported by National Health Service staff in Great Britain: how many are due to slipping?
Authors: Liddle Mark , Nicholls Gillian , Leigh David , Kinder Jennifer , Curran Alison , Zand Michael 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundWorkplace injuries due to a slip, trip or fall on the level (STF) are often reported together, making the potential impact of targeted interventions, such as slip-resistant footwear, difficult to assess. The objective of this research was to review workplace non-fatal injuries reported as STFs under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 to determine what proportion of staff STF injuries reported by the National Health Service (NHS) in Great Britain were caused specifically by a slip.MethodsThe free text descriptions of all 1004 STF injuries reported by NHS staff in summer 2018 and winter 2018/2019 were independently reviewed by two researchers to determine whether a slip was the primary cause or not. Where agreement could not be reached or the cause was unclear, an STF specialist reviewed the reports to establish the likely cause. The kappa statistic was used to measure inter-reviewer agreement, and the χ2test was used to compare proportions across seasons.ResultsThe reviewers agreed on the initiating event, slip or non-slip, for 917 (91.3%) of the incidents. The kappa statistic was 0.842 (95% CI 0.785 to 0.898) indicating strong agreement between reviewers. In total, 431 or 42.9% (95% CI 39.8% to 46.1%) of the STF incidents were slips. This percentage was greater in winter compared with summer (49.0% and 36.0%, respectively, p<0.001).ConclusionThe high proportion of slips among reported STF injuries implies that an effective intervention targeting workplace slips in the NHS could have a substantial impact on the number of injuries reported.
Medical and work loss costs of violence, self-harm, unintentional and traumatic brain injuries per injured person in the USA
Authors: Peterson Cora , Xu Likang , Zhu Sha , Dunphy Christopher , Florence Curtis 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveInjuries and poisoning are leading causes of US morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to update medical and work loss cost estimates per injured person.MethodsInjuries treated in emergency departments (ED) during 2019–2020 were analysed in terms of mechanism (eg, fall) and intent (eg, unintentional), as well as traumatic brain injury (TBI) (multiple mechanisms and intents). Fatal injury medical spending was based on the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and National Inpatient Sample. Non-fatal injury medical spending and workplace absences (general, short-term disability and workers’ compensation) were analysed among injury patients with commercial insurance or Medicaid and matched controls during the year following an injury ED visit using MarketScan databases.ResultsMedical spending for injury deaths in hospital EDs and inpatient settings averaged US$4777 (n=57 296) and US$45 678 per fatality (n=89 175) (2020 USD). Estimates for fatal TBI were US$5052 (n=5363) and US$47 952 (n=37 184). People with ED treat and release visits for non-fatal injuries had on average US$5798 (n=895 918) in attributable medical spending and US$1686 (11 missed days) (n=116 836) in work loss costs during the following year, while people with non-fatal injuries who required hospitalisation after an ED injury visit had US$52 246 (n=32 976) in medical spending and US$7815 (51 days) (n=4473) in work loss costs. Estimates for non-fatal TBI were US$4529 (n=25 792), US$1503 (10 days) (n=1631), US$51 241 (n=3030) and US$6110 (40 days) (n=246).Conclusions and relevancePer person costs of injuries and violence are important to monitor the economic burden of injuries and assess the value of prevention strategies.
Frailty or frailties: exploring frailty index subdimensions in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Johnson Lara , Guthrie Bruce , Kelly Paul A T , Anand Atul , Marshall Alan , Seth Sohan 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundFrailty, a state of increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, has garnered significant attention in research and clinical practice. Existing constructs aggregate clinical features or health deficits into a single score. While simple and interpretable, this approach may overlook the complexity of frailty and not capture the full range of variation between individuals.MethodsExploratory factor analysis was used to infer latent dimensions of a frailty index constructed using survey data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, wave 9. The dataset included 58 self-reported health deficits in a representative sample of community-dwelling adults aged 65+ (N=4971). Deficits encompassed chronic disease, general health status, mobility, independence with activities of daily living, psychological well-being, memory and cognition. Multiple linear regression examined associations with CASP-19 quality of life scores.ResultsFactor analysis revealed four frailty subdimensions. Based on the component deficits with the highest loading values, these factors were labelled ‘mobility impairment and physical morbidity’, ‘difficulties in daily activities’, ‘mental health’ and ‘disorientation in time’. The four subdimensions were a better predictor of quality of life than frailty index scores.ConclusionsDistinct subdimensions of frailty can be identified from standard index scores. A decomposed approach to understanding frailty has a potential to provide a more nuanced understanding of an individual’s state of health across multiple deficits.
Racial and economic segregation and diabetes mortality in the USA, 2016–2020
Authors: Saelee Ryan , Alexander Dayna S , Wittman Jacob T , Pavkov Meda E , Hudson Darrell L , Bullard Kai McKeever 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between racial and economic segregation and diabetes mortality among US counties from 2016 to 2020.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional ecological study that combined county-level diabetes mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System and sociodemographic information drawn from the 2016–2020 American Community Survey (n=2380 counties in the USA). Racialized economic segregation was measured using the Index Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) for income (ICEincome), race (ICErace) and combined income and race (ICEcombined). ICE measures were categorised into quintiles, Q1 representing the highest concentration and Q5 the lowest concentration of low-income, non-Hispanic (NH) black and low-income NH black households, respectively. Diabetes was ascertained as the underlying cause of death. County-level covariates included the percentage of people aged ≥65 years, metropolitan designation and population size. Multilevel Poisson regression was used to estimate the adjusted mean mortality rate and adjusted risk ratios (aRR) comparing Q1 and Q5.ResultsAdjusted mean diabetes mortality rate was consistently greater in counties with higher concentrations of low-income (ICEincome) and low-income NH black households (ICEcombined). Compared with counties with the lowest concentration (Q1), counties with the highest concentration (Q5) of low-income (aRR 1.96; 95% CI 1.81 to 2.11 for ICEincome), NH black (aRR 1.32; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.47 for ICErace) and low-income NH black households (aRR 1.70; 95% CI 1.56 to 1.84 for ICEcombined) had greater diabetes mortality.ConclusionRacial and economic segregation is associated with diabetes mortality across US counties.
An unequal health policy landscape? Examining socioeconomic differences in acceptability and preferences for policies that aim to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in health
Authors: Verra Sanne E , Poelman Maartje P , de Wit John , Kamphuis Carlijn B M 
Published: July 2024

Background
This study explores socioeconomic differences in acceptability and preferences for policies that aim to reduce socioeconomic health inequalities. The investigated policies range from structural policies, requiring no individual agency, to agentic policies, which depend on the individual agency for behaviour change.

Methods
An online, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1182 participants, stratified by education and representative of Dutch adults (aged 25–65) for age and gender. Across 31 policies, including structural socioeconomic policies, structural housing and neighbourhood policies, structural and agento-structural behavioural policies (facilitating behaviour) and agentic policies (focusing on information provision for behaviour change), acceptability was measured on a 7-point scale, preferences were measured using participants’ top-5 policy choices. Regression analyses examined socioeconomic differences in acceptability and preferences based on education and income, controlling for age, gender, receiving welfare, and employment.

Results
People in lower socioeconomic positions were more likely to accept and favour structural socioeconomic policies, whereas those in higher socioeconomic positions were more likely to accept and favour structural housing and neighbourhood, structural and agento-structural behavioural, and agentic policies. Socioeconomic differences were the largest for agentic policies. Overall, 83.3% preferred at least one structural socioeconomic policy, while only 32% preferred an agentic policy. Most preferred was eliminating taxes on fruits and vegetables, (preferred by 41.4%), and least preferred was a campaign promoting healthy nutrition (preferred by 3.9%).

Conclusions
These socioeconomic differences in policy support underscore the need for inclusive policymaking processes. Including the perspectives of people in lower socioeconomic positions helps to ensure that their needs are met.