bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially Heterogeneous Responses of Planktonic Foraminiferal Assemblages Over 700,000 Years of Climate Change
Authors: Mathes Gregor H. , Reddin Carl J. , Kiessling Wolfgang , Antell Gawain S. , Saupe Erin E. , Steinbauer Manuel J. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo determine the degree to which assemblages of planktonic foraminifera track thermal conditions.LocationThe world's oceans.Time PeriodThe last 700,000 years of glacial–interglacial cycles.Major Taxa StudiedPlanktonic foraminifera.MethodsWe investigate assemblage dynamics in planktonic foraminifera in response to temperature changes using a global dataset of Quaternary planktonic foraminifera, together with a coupled Atmosphere–Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) at 8000‐year resolution. We use ‘thermal deviance’ to assess assemblage responses to climate change, defined as the difference between the temperature at a given location and the bio‐indicated temperature (i.e., the abundance‐weighted average of estimated temperature optima for the species present).ResultsAssemblages generally tracked annual mean temperature changes through compositional turnover, but thermal deviances are evident under certain conditions. The coldest‐adapted species persisted in polar regions during warming but were not joined by additional immigrants, resulting in minimal assemblage turnover. The warmest‐adapted species persisted in equatorial regions during cooling with similarly minimal assemblage change. Assemblages at mid‐latitudes mostly tracked temperature cooling and warming.Main ConclusionsPlanktonic foraminiferal assemblages were generally able to track or endure temperature changes: as climate warmed or cooled, bio‐indicated temperature also became warmer or cooler, although to a variable degree. At polar sites under warming and at equatorial sites under cooling, the change in bio‐indicated temperature was less than, or even opposite to, what would be expected from estimated environmental change. Nevertheless, all studied species persisted across the study interval, regardless of thermal deviance—a result that highlights the resilience and inertia of planktonic foraminifera on an assemblage level to the last 700,000 years of climate change.
Core collections: Essential titles for health libraries
Authors: Hawker Lynsey , Blacklock Claire 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCore collections have been produced by CILIP's Health Libraries Group, then called the Library Association's Medical Section, since 1952. Maintained by a Working Group of health librarians based in the UK NHS, higher education and specialist libraries, the collections provide an up‐to‐date curated list of reliable titles essential to health libraries. The core collections currently include nursing, midwifery, medicine and dentistry. The newest core collection is being developed in collaboration with the African Hospital Libraries to provide a list of key resources relevant to sub‐Saharan Africa. Expressions of interest to help develop this latest collection are invited.
Probiotic‐rich bean sprouts alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation induced by a diet with an increased fat‐to‐carbohydrate energy ratio
Authors: Świeca Michał , Reguła Julita , Michalska Agata , Sierocka Małgorzata , Jarocki Piotr , Kordowska‐Wiater Monika , Drzewiecka Beata , Kapusta Ireneusz 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe rat's model evaluated the function of sprouted beans enriched with probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v in alleviating dyslipidaemia, inflammation and disturbed redox homeostasis caused by a high‐lard diet. Sprouted beans improved the total antioxidant capacity of serum and liver, regardless of whether the feeds had a higher content of low‐molecular antioxidants or were additionally enriched with probiotics. The reduction of inflammation (lowered level of C‐reactive protein) and restoration of triglycerides and total cholesterol to the levels recorded in the control group (AIN‐93M) were especially observed in the group supplemented with the control adzuki bean. Introducing sprouted legumes (both the control and probiotic‐rich) improved microbiota activity affected by a high‐lard diet. The highest, desirable reduction of urease (by 80%) and tryptophanase (by 78%) activity was found in the groups fed with probiotic‐rich adzuki and mung bean sprouts respectively. Sprouted beans improve the metabolism of individuals subjected to a diet with an increased fat‐to‐carbohydrate energy ratio, especially concerning oxidative stress injury and microbiota activity.
Beyond the precariat: Trajectories of precarious work and its determinants in South Korea
Authors: Lee Sophia Seung‐yoon , Baek Seung‐ho 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study examines the evolving patterns of precarious work in South Korea over a 20‐year period, challenging conventional understandings of labour market segmentation and class formation. Using group‐based trajectory modelling on Korean Labour and Income Panel Study data (2002–2021), we identify five distinct trajectories of labour market experiences. Our findings reveal that 34.4% of the sample, categorised into persistently high precariousness and persistent precariousness groups, provides evidence for an emerging, heterogeneous precariat class. This new class formation transcends traditional occupational boundaries and challenges existing class theories. Multinomial logistic regression shows that low‐skilled service workers and women are more likely to belong to precarious groups. Our study contributes by (1) providing empirical evidence for a diverse precariat class, (2) demonstrating the need for a multidimensional approach to precarious work, and (3) highlighting the dynamic nature of precarious work over time. We argue for bringing class discussion back into labour market inequality analysis through a new theoretical framework that synthesises traditional class theory with contemporary precariat discourse, offering insights for policy and theoretical development in understanding modern labour markets.
A newborn's perspective on immune responses to food
Authors: Verhasselt Valerie 
Published: August 2024

SummaryIn this review, we will highlight infants' immune responses to food, emphasizing the unique aspects of early‐life immunity and the critical role of breast milk as a food dedicated to infants. Infants are susceptible to inflammatory responses rather than immune tolerance at the mucosal and skin barriers, necessitating strategies to promote oral tolerance that consider this susceptibility. Breast milk provides nutrients for growth and cell metabolism, including immune cells. The content of breast milk, influenced by maternal genetics and environmental exposures, prepares the infant's immune system for the outside world, including solid foods. To do this, breast milk promotes immune system development through antigen‐specific and non‐antigen‐specific immune education by exposing the newborn to food and respiratory allergens and acting on three key targets for food allergy prevention: the gut microbiota, epithelial cells, and immune cells. Building knowledge of how the maternal exposome and human milk composition influence offspring's healthy immune development will lead to recommendations that meet the specific needs of the developing immune system and increase the chances of promoting an appropriate immune response to food in the long term.
Antibody‐mediated control mechanisms of viral infections
Authors: Mackin Samantha R. , Sariol Alan , Diamond Michael S. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryAntibodies generated after vaccination or natural pathogen exposure are essential mediators of protection against many infections. Most studies with viruses have focused on antibody neutralization, in which protection is conferred by the fragment antigen binding region (Fab) through targeting of different steps in the viral lifecycle including attachment, internalization, fusion, and egress. Beyond neutralization, the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of antibodies can integrate innate and adaptive immune responses by engaging complement components and distinct Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) on different host immune cells. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of antibody neutralization and Fc effector functions, and the assays used to measure them. Additionally, we describe the contexts in which these mechanisms are associated with protection against viruses and highlight how Fc‐FcγR interactions can improve the potency of antibody‐based therapies.
Manufacturer encroachment in a vertically differentiated market with competing retailers and counterfeiter
Authors: Huang Song , Chen Yuqing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the encroachment strategy of a manufacturer with multiple competing retailers in the presence of a counterfeiter who produces an imitated product in a vertically differentiated market wherein the counterfeits and authentic products differ in quality. We derive some intriguing results that uncover the strategic effects among manufacturer encroachment, counterfeiting, and retailer competition. First, having the option to encroach may hurt the manufacturer himself but benefit the counterfeiter in the presence of competing retailers. Second, increased counterfeit similarity shrinks the beneficial encroachment region for the manufacturer but may widen the beneficial region for the retailer. However, the intensified retailer competition always shrinks the beneficial region for them. Third, the individual retailer's (manufacturer's) profit increases (decreases) with counterfeit similarity when the manufacturer chooses encroachment. Conversely, consumer surplus (social welfare) exhibits an inverted U‐shaped (U‐shaped) pattern with counterfeit similarity under encroachment threat. Moreover, the profits and welfare may jump with counterfeit similarity because of the change in the encroachment strategy wherein retailer competition alters the jump points.
Rattling effect in YbaCabSi7.5Al4.5O1.5N14.5 α‐SiAlON ceramics
Authors: Zhang Shijia , Li Fei , Du Songmo , Chen Zhanglin , Zhao Shuo , Zhao Dengke , Fan Binbin , Wang Bohan , Chen Kexin , Liu Guanghua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen a small atom is induced into a larger lattice, new phonon scattering modes are aroused and thermal conductivity is significantly reduced by increased anharmonicity. This effect, called “rattling,” has been reported in pyrochlores and some cage compounds, but not in α‐SiAlON. In this study, we reveal that in (Yb+Ca) co‐doped α‐SiAlON ceramics (YbaCabSi7.5Al4.5O1.5N14.5, x = a/[a+b]), the rattling effect plays a crucial role in reducing thermal conductivity. Samples with different Yb/Ca ratios (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3…, 1.0) were sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1600°C and their thermal diffusivity/conductivity were measured by the laser‐flash method. We found that substituting Ca2+ with smaller Yb3+ cations in Ca‐α‐SiAlON caused significant reduction in thermal conductivity. On the contrary, substituting Yb3+ with larger Ca2+ cations in Yb‐α‐SiAlON caused only slight reduction in thermal conductivity. A lowest thermal conductivity of 3.3 W/(m·K) was achieved, when x = 0.3 rather than x = 0.5 or 0.7. Further analysis of phonon scattering intensity confirmed that both intrinsic and extrinsic scatterings are enhanced in the sample of x = 0.3. This study demonstrates that by utilization of the rattling effect, α‐SiAlON, well‐known for its excellent mechanical properties, can be tuned to exhibit low thermal conductivity comparable to that of La2Zr2O7 and 8YSZ.
Automatic identification of ablation targets in persistent atrial fibrillation: Initial experience with a new mapping tool
Authors: Lațcu Decebal Gabriel , Enache Bogdan , Lerebours Chloe , Milanese Sofia , Benhenda Nazih , Canepa Silvia , Kingston Amanda , Meo Marianna , Saoudi Nadir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionStrategies beyond pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in persistent atrial fibrillation (persAF) are debated. A novel mapping tool provides algorithmic detection of ablation targets based on electrogram (EGM) properties specific to stable localized rotational activations.MethodsThe mapping tool was used on 31 patients (20 de novo). The algorithm was used to optimize PVI line placement and guide additional ablations. Targets were detected by calculating local cycle length (L‐CL) and local spread of activation within that L‐CL (Duty Cycle; DC) for EGMs with consistent morphology and activation. At least two left atrial (LA) maps (pre‐PVI and post‐PVI) were acquired in atrial fibrillation (AF) in all patients (except those with AF termination during PVI). Extra‐pulmonary vein (PV) targets were compared between the two LA maps in each patient. Follow‐up included Holter monitoring every 3 months.ResultsPatients had a median of 3 extra‐PV drivers/targets. The majority (81%) were localized in the same areas between the two LA maps. All patients had progressive AF organization demonstrated by global activation slowing: histogram peak L‐CL increased from 162 to 171 ms (post‐PVI; p = .0003) than to 175 ms (posttarget ablation; p = .04). Moreover, L‐CL dispersion was reduced by ablation; in 50% their values tended to cluster around two dominant cycles. In de novo patients AF terminated to sinus rhythm or atrial tachycardia (AT) within 48 h postprocedure in 88% of cases, and at 18 months mean follow‐up recurrence occurred in only five (25%) patients (three persAF, two AT). There were no complications.ConclusionThe algorithmic detection of EGMs consistent with localized reentry during sequential mapping of persAF provided reproducible targets for ablation. This allowed personalized PVI and limited, highly‐selective, extra‐PV ablation. Results of this initial experience included progressive organization of AF with ablation and a low recurrence rate after a single procedure.
Prognostic value of morning blood pressure surge in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ma Zhilan , Wang Yan , Guo Xiaoyan , Ma Lan , Liu Yonghua , Zhou Xiaoling 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis was a retrospective study. This study investigated the occurrence of a composite endpoints (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, end‐stage renal disease, and death) in 153 patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with a diagnosis of in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Based on morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) defined as ≥35 mm Hg, patients were divided into two groups: with MBPS (n = 50) and without MBPS (n = 103). All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. Baseline demographic, laboratory and follow‐up data were collected. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. The relationships between MBPS and endpoint events were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model. In total, 153 patients (mean age 41.8 years; 56.86% males) were included in this study. During the follow‐up period (mean 4.3 years), 34 endpoint events occurred. After adjustment for the covariates, the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, end‐stage renal disease and death remained significantly higher in patients with MBPS (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.124 [1.096–9.130]]) Among the other variables, systolic blood pressure, and night‐time and daytime pulse pressures remained significantly associated with outcome in patients of CKD (1.789 [1.205–2.654], 1.710 [1.200–2.437], and 1.318 [1.096–1.586], respectively]. In conclusions, MBPS was identified as an independent prognostic factor for composite endpoint events (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, end‐stage renal disease and death) patients with chronic kidney disease patients.
Genetic variants of m6A modification genes are associated with survival of HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Shuyan , Li Jianxu , Qiu Moqin , Liu Yingchun , Wen Qiuping , Lin Qiuling , Jiang Yanji , Zhou Zihan , Liang Xiumei , Wei Xiaoxia , Yu Hongping , Chen Peiqin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is a dynamic and reversible modification process involving in a series of important biological and pathophysiological processes, including the progression of cancers. Herein, we aimed to assess the relationships of genetic variants in m6A modification genes with the survival of hepatitis B virus ‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV‐HCC). We performed a two‐stage survival analysis to investigate the associations of 4425 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 36 m6A modification genes with the overall survival (OS) of HBV‐HCC patients. Then, the identified SNPs were further used to functionally annotate. We identified that METTL3 rs1263790 (A > G) and ADARB1 rs57884102 (C > T) were significantly associated with the HBV‐HCC OS (hazard ratios [HR] = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52–0.89, p = 0.004; and HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.33–2.18, p < 0.001, respectively). Combined analysis revealed that patients carrying more risk genotypes of two variants had a progressively poorer OS. Moreover, the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis indicated that rs1263790 G allele decreased mRNA expression levels of METTL3 in 483 cell‐cultured fibroblasts samples. And we found the mRNA expression levels of METTL3 and ADARB1 in HCC tissues were higher than in normal tissues, and the higher METTL3 and the lower ADARB1 were associated with poorer HCC OS. Our results demonstrated that two novel genetic variants (METTL3 rs1263790 and ADARB1 rs57884102) may be potential prognostic markers for HBV‐HCC, but these results need larger different ethnic cohorts and functional experiments to validate in the future.
Interleukin‐6 positively correlates with cardiovascular disease predictor algorithms and biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Roghani Seyed Askar , Shamsi Afsaneh , Jalili Cyrus , Jalili Farnaz , Lotfi Ramin , Garman Nima , Rostampour Rezvan , Taghadosi Mahdi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChronic inflammation is believed as the main culprit of the link between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine with a key role in RA pathophysiology and also correlates with joint destruction and disease activity. This study evaluates the association between IL‐6 plasma level and cardiac biomarker NT‐proBNP, HS‐CRP, CVD predictor algorithms, Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), as well as with CXCL9 and its receptor, CXCR3 in RA patients compared to the controls. Sixty RA patients (30 early and 30 late) and 30 healthy persons were included in this study. IL‐6 and NT‐proBNP plasma levels were measured by the ELISA. Also, HS‐CRP plasma levels were quantified using the immunoturbidimetric assay. The CVD risk was assessed by the FRS and SCORE. IL‐6 plasma levels were significantly higher in the early and late RA patients compared to the controls (p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between IL‐6 with DAS‐28 (p = 0.007, r = 0.346), BPS (p = 0.002, r = 0.396), BPD (p = 0.046, r = 0.259), SCORE (p < 0.001, r = 0.472), and FRS (p < 0.001, r = 0.553), and a negative association with HDL (p = 0.037, r = −0.270), in the patients. Also, IL‐6 plasma level positively correlated with HS‐CRP (p = 0.021, r = 0.297) and NT‐proBNP (p = 0.045, r = 0.260) in the patients. Furthermore, a positive association was found between IL‐6 plasma levels and CXCL9 (p = 0.002, r = 0.386), and CXCR3 (p = 0.018, r = 0.304) in the patients. Given the interesting association between IL‐6 with various variables of CVD, IL‐6 may be considered a biomarker for assessing the risk for future cardiovascular events in RA patients.
Utilizing Oral Neutrophil Counts as an Indicator of Oral Inflammation Associated With Periodontal Disease: A Blinded Multicentre Study
Authors: Elebyary Omnia , Sun Chunxiang , Batistella Elis Angela , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Low Samuel B. , Singhal Sonica , Tenenbaum Howard , Glogauer Michael 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPeriodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions that require early screening for effective long‐term management. Oral neutrophil counts (ONCs) correlate with periodontal inflammation. This study investigates a point‐of‐care test using a neutrophil enzyme activity (NEA) colorimetric strip for measuring periodontal inflammation.MethodsThis prospective study had two phases. Phase 1 validated the relationship between ONCs and periodontal inflammation with 90 participants. Phase 2 examined the test's applicability in a real‐world setting through a multicentre clinical trial with 375 participants at four sites. ONCs were quantified in oral rinses using laboratory‐based methods, and the NEA strip was used for ONC stratification. Clinical measures included bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL).ResultsONCs were significantly elevated in patients with Grade B periodontitis and deep periodontal pockets (PD ≥ 5 mm, CAL ≥ 5 mm). The NEA strip accurately classified patients into high or low ONC categories, showing 80% sensitivity, 82.5% specificity and an AUC of 0.89. It also assessed the effectiveness of periodontal therapy in reducing ONC and inflammation. The test was user‐friendly, with no reported discomfort among patients.ConclusionThe NEA strip is a user‐friendly and rapid screening tool for detecting high ONCs associated with periodontal inflammation and for evaluating the effectiveness of periodontal therapy.
Targeting PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways for synergic effects on improving features of peripheral diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Pham Vuong M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTDiabetic neuropathy is one of the most serious and common complications of diabetes with a wide spectrum, affecting 30–50% of diabetic patients. However, the current treatments of this disorder, mainly based on controlling blood glucose level, show an inadequate clinical outcome. Better approaches are needed. In this fashion, it is noted that promoting nerve regeneration and preventing nerve degeneration should be focused on equally and appropriately. In this mini review, how more effective approaches are in targeting PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways in the treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy is discussed. Future treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy should consider these approaches.
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts promote the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer by mediating the RLIM/PML axis through paracrine COMP
Authors: Chen Zhenfeng , Chen Weirong , Lin Kaihuang , Chen Xigui , Lin Guangrong , Li Yanchong , Cui Chunhui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are abundant in colon cancer (CC) patients with a poor prognosis. Here, the molecular regulatory mechanism of CAFs on CC growth and metastasis was explored.MethodsThe genes' expression was monitored using RT‐qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Cell viability and proliferation were found using CCK‐8 and clone formation assays. The cell migration and invasion were probed using wound healing and Transwell. Co‐IP was utilized for ascertaining the interaction between AKT and the ring finger protein, LIM domain interacting (RLIM). The in vivo murine subcutaneous tumor model and the metastasis model were built to further ascertain the axis.ResultsThe result showed that CAFs motivate the growth and activate the PI3K/AKT pathway of CC cells via paracrine cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). Moreover, RLIM promoted the growth of CC cells, and its protein stability was regulated by AKT through its phosphorylation. Further, RLIM facilitated the ubiquitination and degradation of promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). The in vitro and in vivo tests found that PML overexpression could inhibit CC's growth and metastasis, which were enhanced by CAFs.ConclusionThe COMP excreted from CAFs enhances the CC's growth and metastasis through regulating the RLIM/PML axis, supplying a new potential target for the cure of CC.