bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A distinct influenza infection signature in the blood transcriptome of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Parnell Grant P , McLean Anthony S , Booth David R , Armstrong Nicola J , Nalos Marek , Huang Stephen J , Manak Jan , Tang Wilson , Tam Oi-Yan , Chan Stanley , Tang Benjamin M 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Diagnosis of severe influenza pneumonia remains challenging because of a lack of correlation between the presence of influenza virus and clinical status. We conducted gene-expression profiling in the whole blood of critically ill patients to identify a gene signature that would allow clinicians to distinguish influenza infection from other causes of severe respiratory failure, such as bacterial pneumonia, and noninfective systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Methods
Whole-blood samples were collected from critically ill individuals and assayed on Illumina HT-12 gene-expression beadarrays. Differentially expressed genes were determined by linear mixed-model analysis and overrepresented biological pathways determined by using GeneGo MetaCore.

Results
The gene-expression profile of H1N1 influenza A pneumonia was distinctly different from those of bacterial pneumonia and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The influenza gene-expression profile is characterized by upregulation of genes from cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, and DNA-damage-response pathways. In contrast, no distinctive gene-expression signature was found in patients with bacterial pneumonia or systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The gene-expression profile of influenza infection persisted through 5 days of follow-up. Furthermore, in patients with primary H1N1 influenza A infection in whom bacterial co-infection subsequently developed, the influenza gene-expression signature remained unaltered, despite the presence of a superimposed bacterial infection.

Conclusions
The whole-blood expression-profiling data indicate that the host response to influenza pneumonia is distinctly different from that caused by bacterial pathogens. This information may speed the identification of the cause of infection in patients presenting with severe respiratory failure, allowing appropriate patient care to be undertaken more rapidly.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Diacerhein attenuates the inflammatory response and improves survival in a model of severe sepsis
Authors: Calisto Kelly L , Camacho Angélica C , Mittestainer Francine C , Carvalho Bruno M , Guadagnini Dioze , Carvalheira José B , Saad Mario J 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance have been associated with a worse outcome in sepsis. Although tight glycemic control through insulin therapy has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality rates, the effect of intensive insulin therapy in patients with severe sepsis is controversial because of the increased risk of serious adverse events related to hypoglycemia. Recently, knowledge about diacerhein, an anthraquinone drug with powerful antiinflammatory properties, revealed that this drug improves insulin sensitivity, mediated by the reversal of chronic subclinical inflammation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the antiinflammatory effects of diacerhein after onset of sepsis-induced glycemic alterations is beneficial and whether the survival rate is prolonged in this situation.

Methods
Diffuse sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture surgery (CLP) in male Wistar rats. Blood glucose and inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed 24 hours after CLP. The effect of diacerhein on survival of septic animals was investigated in parallel with insulin signaling and its modulators in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue.

Results
Here we demonstrated that diacerhein treatment improves survival during peritoneal-induced sepsis and inhibits sepsis-induced insulin resistance by improving insulin signaling via increased insulin-receptor substrate-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and Akt phosphorylation. Diacerhein also decreases the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling that involves upregulation of proinflammatory pathways, such as the I kappa B kinase and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, which blunts insulin-induced insulin signaling in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Additionally, our data show that this drug promoted downregulation of proinflammatory signaling cascades that culminate in transcription of immunomodulatory factors such interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that diacerhein treatment increases survival and attenuates the inflammatory response with a significant effect on insulin sensitivity. On the basis of efficacy and safety profile, diacerhein represents a novel antiinflammatory therapy for management of insulin resistance in sepsis and a potential approach for future clinical trials.
Comparison of sample types for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide measured on the Siemens Immulite 2500 and Dimension Vista LOCI methods
Authors: Peake Roy WA , Turner Helen E , Leaper Wendy , Deans Kevin A , Hannah Andrew , Croal Bernard L 
Published: August 2012

Background Measurement of serum natriuretic peptides is recommended in patients with suspected heart failure. Assays for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are available on several platforms and can be measured in serum or heparinized plasma. Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics do not recommend the use of serum for the Immulite NT-proBNP assay. Serum offers some practical advantages over plasma. We investigated the suitability of serum for use with the Immulite and Dimension Vista LOCI methods. Methods Paired serum and heparinized plasma samples were drawn from patients in the Cardiology Department over a 48-h period. Samples spanning the NT-proBNP concentration range 50–60,000 ng/L were analysed using the Siemens Immulite 2500 and Dimension Vista LOCI methods. Results There was no significant difference between serum NT-proBNP concentrations on either platform ( P = 0.0665). Plasma NT-proBNP measured using the Immulite were moderately higher than on Vista ( P < 0.0001). There was a small but statistically significant difference between plasma and serum NT-proBNP measured using the Immulite ( P = 0.0002) with plasma values higher than serum. A similar comparison between plasma and serum NT-proBNP measured using the Vista showed no difference ( P = 0.3662). Conclusions We have demonstrated the suitability of serum for use on the Immulite 2500. Bland–Altman comparative analysis indicated minimal bias between both serum methods near the clinical cut-off level below which heart failure is considered unlikely (400 ng/L) up to the highest concentration tested (60,000 ng/L).
Cerebrospinal Fluid Myelin Basic Protein Is Frequently Ordered but Has Little Value
Authors: Greene Dina N. , Schmidt Robert L. , Wilson Andrew R. , Freedman Mark S. , Grenache David G. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is facilitated by analyzing biochemical properties of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) index are well-established markers for evaluating patients suspected of having MS. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is also ordered frequently, but its usefulness remains questionable. OCB, IgG index, and MBP were measured in 16,690 consecutive CSF samples. Samples were divided into 2 groups based on MS status known (n = 71) or unknown (n = 16,118). Medical charts of the MS status known group were reviewed to determine their MS status. OCBs have a stronger association to IgG index results than does MBP. Importantly, MBP does not add a statistically significant increase in diagnostic sensitivity or specificity when used in combination with OCB and/or IgG index. The data indicate that MBP is an unnecessary and overused test.
Tissue-Specific Cadherin CDH17 Is a Useful Marker of Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas With Higher Sensitivity Than CDX2
Authors: Panarelli Nicole C. , Yantiss Rhonda K. , Yeh Matthew M. , Liu Yifang , Chen Yao-Tseng 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Cadherin 17 (CDH17) is a cell adhesion molecule expressed in intestinal epithelium and transcriptionally regulated by CDX2. We compared the usefulness of CDH17 as an immunohistochemical intestinal marker to that of CDX2 in gastrointestinal and extragastrointestinal carcinomas and nonneoplastic tissues. Nonneoplastic intestinal and pancreatic duct epithelia were CDH17-positive. Most esophageal (79%), gastric (86%), and colonic (99%) adenocarcinomas were CDH17-positive/CDX2-positive, whereas 1% of colonic, 18% of esophageal, and 10% of gastric adenocarcinomas were CDH17-negative/CDX2-negative. Rare colonic, esophageal, and gastric adenocarcinomas were CDH17-positive/CDX2-negative (1%, 3%, and 4%, respectively), and none were CDH17-negative/CDX2-positive. Diffuse CDH17 was also observed in all metastatic colon carcinomas, 20% of which were only focally CDX2-positive. Of intestinal low-grade neuroendocrine tumors, 74% coexpressed CDX2 and CDH17. CDH17 was also positive in 12% of pancreatic and 24% of bronchial neuroendocrine tumors, all of which were CDX2-negative. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas were more frequently CDH17-positive than CDX2-positive (50% vs 27%, 53% vs 27%). One (2%) hepatocellular carcinoma was CDH17-positive/CDX2-negative. Nine percent of non–small cell lung cancers and 7% of endometrial carcinomas were CDH17-positive, whereas 3% of lung, 5% of endometrial, 3% of ovarian, and 2% of breast carcinomas were CDX2-positive. Thus, CDH17 is slightly more sensitive than CDX2 when detecting gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.
The association of cardiac ventricular hypertrophy with congenital hyperinsulinism
Authors: Banerjee Indraneel , Avatapalle Bindu , Petkar Anjali , Skae Mars , Padidela Raja , Ehtisham Sarah , Patel Leena , Rigby Lindsey , Flanagan Sarah , Ellard Sian , Jones Caroline , Ciotti Giovanna , Malaiya Nilima , Clayton Peter E 
Published: August 2012

Objective
Ventricular hypertrophy (VH) has been observed in children with congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), a condition of hypoglycaemia characterised by dysregulated insulin secretion, but the prevalence is not known.

Patients and methods
Cardiac assessment was performed in children (n=49) with CHI at diagnosis and follow-up. Two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography studies were used to assess cardiac structures, while M-mode study was used to measure left ventricular (LV) dimensions, subsequently converted to Z scores. Where possible, LV hypertrophy was confirmed by LV mass index (g/m2.7) >95th centile.

Results
Cardiac structural lesions were found in 14 (28%) children. At initial echocardiography, VH was present in 31 (65%) children with median (range) LV posterior wall dimension in diastole Z scores of +1.6 (−2.4 to +5.8) and interventricular septal wall dimension in end diastole Z scores of +1.9 (−1.7 to +17.2). At follow-up echocardiography, performed after an interval of 178 (45–390) days, VH persisted in 16 (33%) children. In regression analysis, the presence of VH (odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) 1.1 (1.0–1.2), P=0.04) at initial echocardiography was correlated with maximum glucose requirement at diagnosis, indicating that severity of CHI at presentation may play a role in the pathogenesis of VH.

Conclusions
A significant proportion of children with CHI have cardiac structural lesions. A majority also have VH, which may be associated with the severity of CHI at diagnosis. VH may persist in some children, which requires careful long-term cardiac review.
Study of Colonial Manuscripts from San Nicolás Coatepec, México, Through UV&IR Imaging and XRF
Authors: García Jocelyn Alcántara , Ruvalcaba Sil José Luis , Van der Meeren Marie 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe necessity of studying cultural heritage through non-invasive and non-destructive techniques has led to significant advances in the last decade. One of the most recent advancements in this theme in Mexico is the portable X-ray system SANDRA, which was used to study three manuscripts directly related to the history of “San Nicolás Coatepec”, Mexico. X-ray fluorescence was chosen as the suitable technique because it can provide a fast qualitative and quantitative multielemental high sensitivity analysis. The documents were examined globally, using imaging techniques with UV and IR lighting. This research evinced a change in the composition and evolution of writing materials (inks and pigments) and provided information concerning historical use of the documents and its actual legal value as a property document. It also stressed the need of spanning these results to an extensive research attaining other regions of Mexico, in order to fully understand the Mexican documents particularities, aging and deterioration. This, in turn, will provide not only historical material information but also an invaluable scoop to understand deterioration and conservation issues.
The Influence of Glass in the Color of Red Lakes Layers in Oil Painting: A Case Study in a Pictorial Series Attributed to Murillo Located in Guadalajara, Mexico
Authors: Arroyo Elsa , Lara Adriana Cruz , Espinosa Manuel , Ruvalcaba José Luis , Zetina Sandra , Hernández Elsa , Taylor Shannon 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper discuss the presence of powdered glass and quartz integrated in the red lake layers of two paintings attributed to the Sevillian painter Bartolome Esteban Murillo that belongs to the Guadalajara’s Regional Museum’s art collection. A laboratory experimental reproduction of the Sevillian painting technique was made using three different lakes (cochineal, madder lake and brazilwood) mixed with four varieties of glass to explore the optical properties and the influence of the transparent and translucent aggregates into the oil paint layers. The experimental reproductions were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, optical and fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX). A comparison between the originals and the reproduced red lakes layers was carried out to understand the artistic process of Murillo’s color application. Preliminary results suggest that glass was not used as a siccative agent as the historical treatises mentioned but mainly as an additive to increase brightness, thickness and color saturation of the red lake layers related to the artist’s intention.
Technological and Material Characterization of Lapidary Artifacts from Tamtoc Archaeological Site, Mexico
Authors: Melgar Emiliano , Solís Reyna , Ruvalcaba José Luis 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTTamtoc is a very important archaeological site in San Luis Potosi, in the Central region of Mexico. The pre-Hispanic Huastec culture developed in this site (900-1100 A.D.). During the archaeological excavations, a large amount of lithic artifacts were recovered from burials and offerings. Among them, pieces of semitransparent crystalline objects of color blue, green, yellow and white and green stone pieces were discovered in one of the most important ceremonial precinct, inside a water reservoir of the monument 32 “The Priestess”. The aim of this work is to measure the composition of the artifacts for provenance study and to establish the manufacturing technique and tools used to produce them. For material analysis, a combined analysis involving X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy was applied. The main elements as well as some traces can be measured by XRF while the mineral identification can be established by Raman. The results indicate that most of the pieces are calcite with traces of rare elements.On the other hand, experimental archaeology using a well established methodology of optical and electron microscopy examination of the manufacturing traces was applied. From this technological study the specific use of tools and materials were established for this site.
Identification of Microorganisms Associated to the Biodegradation of Historic Masonry Structure in San Francisco de Campeche City, México
Authors: Escamilla Pérez Rocío G. , Trujeque Javier Reyes , López Tezozomoc Pérez , Padilla Víctor Monteón , Alcántara Ruth López 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTTropical climate create ideal conditions for the development of microbial communities associated with biodegradation of historic buildings made with stony materials. This is the case of Fort San Carlos, a historic colonial building representative of military tendencies during the XVII century in San Francisco de Campeche City. In this study the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), was used to identify microorganisms related with the biodegradation of its masonry structure. Specific primers for amplification of 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes were used for organisms identification by PCR. Amplification products were sequenced and after that compared with GENBANK nucleotide database using-BLASTn. Results indicated that microbial communities associated to biodegradation of the Fort San Carlos are bacteria from the Phyla Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.
Morphometric Characterization of the Maize: A Case Study in Postclassic Xaltocan
Authors: Lona Naoli Victoria 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTXaltocan used to be an island located North of the Basin of Mexico in the bed of the lake of the same name, the occupation of which has been continuous for 1100 years. The area’s environment includes the island, the lake and the shore Xaltocan saline land and deep alluvial soil, the foothills and mountains, areas that provide different resources, whose exploitation is clear from the Paleoethnobotanical remains recovered from archaeological excavations.Maize, basic resource in the daily life of Xaltocan, was also affected by sociopolitical and economic circumstances, so, it is possible that a different type of maize was used in each period of the locality. This is the interesting point to characterize morphometrically the maize from a context housing for the early Postclassic. To do so requires the application of different techniques (methodical process) to get to the characterization of corn: sample, flotation, separation and identification, measurement of corn through a microscope that could be complemented with electron microscopy scanning (SEM) to reveal possible microstructure.In the measurement technique applied to the samples, the cob is divided into different sections; all of them can be measured, element by element, with a stereoscopic microscope for subsequent statistical analysis.The study includes 231 sediment samples, distributed in 19 different depths and areas inside and outside of two dwelling domestic units. From 31,230 macrorremains, 6,140 were identified as Zea mays.
Photoacoustic Analysis of Natural Indigo, Palygorskite and Synthetic Maya Blue
Authors: Rosales Córdova Carlos Aldebarán , de Ita de la Torre Antonio , Guzman Rosalba Castañeda 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTMaya blue is an organic / inorganic pigment which is composed principally by two elements: a white clay known as palygorskite (in the Mayan dialect Sakalum), and a blue dye called indigo, this dye is extracted from the plant Indigofera suffruticosa. The mixture and the warming of these two elements produce the Maya blue, which exhibits unusual features such as: resistance to the assault of the acids in warm or high temperatures, his persistent color in spite of having been exposed to different climatic conditions as a result of the passage of time and the specific chemical composition that this pigment presents.In the present investigation natural indigo, palygorskite and synthetic maya blue were analyzed with a new implementation technique called photoacoustic analysis, which detects the structural changes that happen in the material under a controlled increase of temperature. Due to the fact that this technology detects with clarity where the structural changes happen but not that type of changes happen, it used as base termogravimetric analysis. One of the important findings, it was that in the spectrum of the synthetic maya blue were detected the structural changes of the clay and the dye, something that with other used technologies had not been achieved to observe.
Site-Specific Analysis of Deformation Patterns on Archaeological Heritage by Satellite Radar Interferometry
Authors: Tapete Deodato , Cigna Francesca 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTExploitation of satellite radar interferometry on huge cultural heritage sites can facilitate the recognition of spatially distributed deformation patterns, whose morphology, jointly with the analysis of displacement time series, could clarify the nature of ongoing deterioration phenomena threatening the conservation of exposed archaeological heritage. Radar-interpretation is used on selected case studies located in Southern Italy to demonstrate the feasibility of Persistent Scatterers (PS) analyses for site-specific detection of superficial deformation, correlated to natural and/or human-induced instability processes. Evidence of subsidence for the radar targets identified within the archaeological area of Capo Colonna, Central Calabria, confirms the susceptibility of the entire promontory to ground instability, with potential effects on the ruins. Similarly, the uplift/subsidence patterns on the monumental area of Pozzuoli, W of Naples, testify the exposure of the geologic substratum underneath the archaeological structures to the active dynamics of the Campi Flegrei volcanic complex. Finally, the satellite analysis on the Valley of the Temples in Agrigento, Sicily, exemplifies the capability to distinguish differential displacement trends and seasonal variations within single PS time series.