bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
946 – Education Modulates The Effect Of Childhood Adversity On Lifetime Suicidal Behavior And Major Depression
Authors: Artero S. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionChildhood adversity is a major risk factor for life-time various psychiatric disorders. The vulnerability for psychiatric disorders appears to be modulated by cognitive reserve (CR).ObjectivesWe wanted to examine the impact of childhood adversity on lifetime suicidal behavior and major depression and its modulation by education, a CR proxy.Method1494 non-institutionalized individuals without dementia from a cohort of community-dwelling persons aged over 65 years (the ESPRIT study) were randomly selected from electoral rolls and rated for childhood adversity (e.g., emotional abuse and neglect). Life-time major depression and suicidal behavior were assessed according to DSM-IV criteria.ResultsExposure to adversity in childhood increased the risk of life-time suicidal behavior and major depression (p< 0.0001 OR=1.75 [1.34-2.28]) but there was no significant effect of education alone (p=0.276). Subjects with a low level of education were observed to be at higher risk (p< 0.005; OR=2.19 [1.26-3.80]) and subjects with the higher level of education showed a non significant risk (p=0.244).ConclusionOur results suggest high education level as a protective factor to counteract the effects of childhood adversity on the onset of mental disorders in adulthood.
950 – Achieving Positive Outcome - Reducing Recidivism Within Toronto's Mental Health Court Support Program: The Mount Sinai Hospital Experience
Authors: Chow W. , Tse C. , Law S. , Chiu H. , Leszcz M. , Sadavoy J. 
Published: July 2013

This paper investigates the recidivism of Mount Sinai Hospital mental health court support program in Toronto, Canada among patients involved in the criminal justice system. It also looks to find relationships between recidivism and factors including gender, age and ethnicity.MethodFollow up periods of up to 48 months after the time of initial admission to the program was conducted and the frequency of re-offense was observed. Comparisons for the significance of risk factors were analyzed using t-tests and Chisquare tests.Results191 clients were admitted to the Mount Sinai Hospital Court Support Program between September 2001 and June 2007. At first admission, the mean ± s.d. age was 35.8 ± 9.8 years (range=18-74 years; n=184). The median age was 35 years. The modal age was 34 years. Of the 191 clients, 16 (8.4%) reoffended. Two of them (12.5%) had a third offense; and 1 (6.3%) had a total of four offenses within this tracking period. it appears that re-offense is more likely between 13 and 24 months. No re-offense was noted beyond the 48 months. The gender distribution was not significantly different between reoffenders and non-reoffenders. The mean age at first admission also did not differ between reoffenders and non-reoffenders. The distribution of ethnic groups among reoffenders and non-reoffenders did not differ.ConclusionsThe findings seem to indicate that recidivism has no relationship with gender, age and ethnic groups. The comprehensive and length of support services seem more important in preventing recidivism.
952 – A Population-based Longitudinal Study On Work Environment And Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Wang J. , Schmitz N. , Patten S. , Currie S. , Sareen J. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationships between work environmental factors and the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) over one year and to identify factors associated with the outcomes of individuals with MDD.MethodsWe conducted a population-based longitudinal study of employees who were randomly selected in Alberta (n = 4239). MDD was assessed using the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview - Auto 2.1.ResultsThe one-year incidence of MDD was 3.6% (95% CI: 2.8%-4.6%) overall. It was 2.9% (95% CI: 1.9% - 4.2%) in men and 4.5% (95% CI: 3.3% - 6.2%) in women. The relationships between work environmental factors and MDD differed by sex. In men, high job strain increased the risk of MDD in those who worked 35-40 hours per week; job insecurity and family-work conflict were predictive of MDD. Women who worked 35-40 hours, who reported job insecurity, high effort-reward imbalance and work-family conflict were at higher risk of MDD. Long working hours, negative thinking and having comorbid social phobia were predictive of MDD. Perceived work-family conflict, severity of major depressive episode and symptom of depressed mood were significantly associated with recurrence of MDD.ConclusionsJob strain, effort-reward imbalance, job insecurity and work-family conflicts are important risk factors for the onset of MDD, and should be targets of primary prevention. However, these work environmental factors appear to operate differently in men and in women. Clinical and psychosocial factors are important in the prognosis of MDD. The factors associated with persistence and recurrence of MDD may be different.
961 – The Abnormal Prominent Theta Eeg Activity, The Level Of Cortical Direct Current (dc) Potential And Syndromal Estimates In Childhood
Authors: Kalinina M. , Boravova A. , Galkina N. , Kalyn Y. , Fedorova Y. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionIn the diagnosis of functional states of the brain are bursts deviation from the normal pattern EEG. Also used registration of the scalp-recorded direct current (DC) potentials, which in the modern view is characteristic of indirect energy metabolism of the brain.ObjectivesStudied 25 children 8, 5±3, 3 years of schizophrenia. Aims To assess the significance of electrographic parameters abnormal theta activity with characteristics of energy metabolism of the brain in schizophrenia.MethodsShifts in scalp-recorded DC potential were studied in relation to the changes of EEG recording such as abnormal prominent theta bursts. Standard EEG recordings were made during wakefulness. “Theta bursts” appeared in two frequency bands: 4-5 cps and 6-7 cps. DC potentials and their topographical distribution were investigated in schizophrenic patients with and without designated electroencephalogram characteristics. The mental state of children assessed psychopathological method and using the scale of PANSS. The obtained data were analyzed using software Statistica-7.ResultsThe presence of 6 - 7 Hz in the EEG theta activity, particularly in the temporal areas, combined with a higher level of permanent potentials. Fairly significant differences were observed for the left (p < 0,018) and right (p < 0,012) of the temporal lobes. Were observed higher ratings of positive syndromes scale PANSS (p < 0,014). The presence of 4-5-Hz activity was associated with a decline in constant potentials, and a decrease in mean scores of positive syndromes PANSS.ConclusionsIt was concluded that DC measurement reflects changes in brain state associated with pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
976 – Shortned Visuo-spatial Questionnaire: An Useful Tool For The Early Identification Of Children With Non Verbal Syndrome Living In Rural Areas
Authors: Fastame M.C. , Penna M.P. 
Published: July 2013

Visuo-spatial deficits interfere with learning geography, geometry, natural sciences, drawing, arithmetic calculation and can also play a crucial role in the acquisition of reading and writing abilities. In order to identify early students with low non verbal abilities, Cornoldi, Venneri, Marconato, Molin & Montinari (2003) have proposed a questionnaire for teachers, the so called Shortened Visuo-Spatial Questionnaire (SVS). However, this tool has been validated in urban contexts mainly located in North-East Italy.Present research was aimed to investigate whether the SVS can identify children with low visuo-spatial abilities living in Sardinian rural areas. Experiment 1 was aimed to verify the reliability of the assessments of visuo-spatial abilities of 8-11 years aged children attending two primary schools in the province of Nuoro done by the teachers that used the SVS questionnaire. Results show that the questionnaire by Cornoldi et al. (2003) is a reliable tool for the early identification of children with scarce visuo-spatial abilities living in agropastoral cultural contexts. Finally, Experiment 2 was aimed to investigate which variables predict SVS scores. Results show that children chronological age and teachers previous educational experience predict the accuracy level of students visuo-spatial functions which were assessed by the teachers using the SVS questionnaire. In conclusion the SVS is an useful tool for the early identification of children with Non Verbal Syndrome, a disability that can cause low self-esteem and depression in children and adolescent with visuo-spatial learning problems
979 – Stress Factors And Structure Of Mental Disorders In Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Shelomkova O. , Veltishchev D. , Lisitsyna T. , Vasiliev V. , Kovalevskaya O. , Seravina O. , Krasnov V. , Nasonov E. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionThe primary Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) - a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of endocrine glands, functional impairment of the salivary and lachrymal glands, which has some common pathogenic links with stress-related mental disorders (MD).ObjectivesTo evaluate the occurrence rate/severity of MD and the influence of stress factors in SS patients.Methods50 inpatient women (mean age 46+13.16 yrs) suffering SS were enrolled in the study. MD were diagnosed in accordance with ICD-10 criteria. The severity of depression, anxiety and stress load were measured with MADRS, HAM-A and PSS.ResultsMD were diagnosed in 42 (84%) of SS patients: depressive episode (mild/moderate; single/recurrent, n=9;18%); dysthymia (n=9;18%); generalized anxiety disorder (n=7;14%); adjustment disorder (n=8;16%); schizotypal disorder (n=9;18%). Mean severity levels of anxiety, depression and stress were 16.5+6.5; 17.2+7.9 and 16.9+6.0 accordingly. The acute stress factors and reactions were preceded the SS symptoms in most cases (n= 27, 54%). MD had the significant precipitating chronic stress factors in 36 (72%) patients. The adverse experience in childhood (parental deprivation mostly) had 32 (64%) of SS patients (recurrent events - 48%).ConclusionThe study revealed high occurrence rate of MD, precipitating stress factors and childhood adverse experience in SS patients. The results support the stress-diathesis model of mental disorders in patients suffering rheumatic disease.
980 – Psychotropic Polypharmacy In Patients With Severe Mental Illness. a Controlled Intervention Study Aimed To Reduce The Use Of Psychotropic Medication
Authors: Hjorth P. , Jørgensen P.M. , Sørensen H.Ø. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundPatients with mental illness receive psychotropic medicine in high dosages and from more than one drug. Additionally the patients have high level of obesity which is a contributing factor to increased physical morbidities and premature death.AimQuantify the use of psychotropic medicine in patients with severe mental illness. Measure the effect of an intervention to reduce psychotropic medicine.MethodsIntervention study with six facilities for patients diagnosed with mental illnesses. The intervention period was one year.ResultsAt index many patients had obesity and waist circumference were in average 109 cm. Mean values of antipsychotic daily doses/ defined daily doses PDD/DDD was 2.5. The rate of antipsychotic excessive dosing was 65% and 88% of the patients were treated with psychotropic poly-pharmacy. The intervention didn’t show any effect as there were no difference between the changes in the intervention group and the control group.ConclusionsThe patients were treated with antipsychotic poly-pharmacy in high dosages. The intervention did not show any effect. We must think of new ways to restrict the treatment with psychotropics to this group of patients.
987 – Burning Mouth Syndrome: Current Clinical,physiopathologic And Therapeutic Data
Authors: Ducasse D. , Olie E. , Courtet P. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an unremitting oral burning in the absence of detectable changes of the oral mucosa, whose prevalence ranges from 3.7% to 18% in the older age groups, particularly among postmenopausal women. This condition is often under-diagnosed, and rarely treated when diagnosed.Aims(i)To make a synthesis of clinical and pathophysiological data(ii)to provide a review on therapeutic evaluated in BMS.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of the literature using the criteria according to the PRISMA research paradigm “glossodynia OR burning mouth syndrome OR stomatodynia OR stomadynia OR stomatopyrosis OR glossodynia OR oral dysesthesia OR persistent idiopathic orofacial pain”.Results(i) BMS is described as burning pain, tingling or numbness sensations in the oral mucosa, most often affecting the tongue, anterior palate and/or lips. The pain increases during the day, is relieved when the patient is eating or drinking, and is exacerbated by speeching.BMS has a multifactorial origin, involving peripheral nerve dysfunction (peripheral small fibre neuropathy of intraoral mucosa ; subclinical lingual, mandibular, or trigeminal neuropathy) and central (striatal dopaminergic dysfunction); hormonal dysfunction (impaired production of neuroactive steroids in the skin) and psychological (neuroticiste personality with somatization).(ii) Literature can recommend systemic alpha-lipoic acid, topical or systemic clonazepam, and psychotherapy. Efficacy data and the risk / benefit ratio of the tongue protectors allow to recommend their use.ConclusionsWe have explained current clinical, physiopathologic, and therapeutic data of BMS whose understanding is necessary to improve these patients’management.
994 – Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Mental Ill Patients Among Medical Students And Professionals
Authors: Morgado P. , Oliveira A.M. , Machado D. , Sousa N. , Cerqueira J.J. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionStigma of mental illness can be defined as a set of stereotypes and prejudice established in the society that leads to discriminatory behavior against people who suffer from a psychiatric condition. Mental illness stigma is widely spread in community and reaches not only general population but also health professionals. The impact of these negative attitudes in mental ill people is severe and is becoming more relevant as mental illness gets more prevalent.ObjectivesTo characterize and evaluate attitudes and prejudicial reactions adopted by a population of medical students and doctors from psychiatry, internal medicine and surgery that study/work in Braga's region (North of Portugal).MethodsStudents and professionals were surveyed using a socio-demographic questionnaire and AQ27 questionnaire - Portuguese version, a validated questionnaire to measure stigmatizing attitudes and reactions. A total of 353 questionnaires were collected. Response rate was 68,8% among doctors (n=150) and 32,6% among medical students (n=203). Scores between groups and contributes of age, sex and past experience were analyzed with linear regression modeling.ResultsHigh scores in several stigmatizing attitudes were found in both medical students and professionals. Psychiatrists displayed lower levels of stigmatizing attitudes in all categories analyzed, except “pity” which was dependent on age of responders. Interestingly, students showed significantly lower stigmatizing attitudes in help, pity and avoidance. No differences were found between groups among coercion and segregation.ConclusionsThe results show that both medical students and professionals, including psychiatrists, exhibit stigmatizing attitudes, which should be specifically addressed in order to improve care.
995 – Reconceptualization Of The Relationship Between Experience With Trauma And Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms
Authors: Rosenthal B.S. , Wilson W.C. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionThe conventional two-class psychiatric conceptualization of PTSD has been criticized for ignoring the existence of “trauma without symptoms” and “symptoms without trauma”.ObjectiveTo present and test a new four-class conceptualization of the relationship between trauma and symptoms that responds to the above criticism. The proposed four classes are: PTSD (high trauma and high symptoms); Resilient (high trauma but low symptoms); Stress Prone (low trauma but high symptoms); and Ideal Norm (low trauma and low symptoms).AimTo demonstrate fit between new conceptualization and empirical data.MethodSample: 673 adults age 18-19. Measures: a trauma index incorporating five types of frequently experienced potentially traumatic events; a standardized 16 item measure of posttraumatic stress symptoms; multi-item scales of two protective factors (social support and self efficacy). Statistical procedures: cluster analysis and ANOVA.ResultsStatistical cluster analysis produced four classes of individuals: 19% of sample had high trauma and high symptoms (PTSD); 23% had high trauma and low symptoms (Resilient); 21% had low trauma and high symptoms (Stress Prone); and 36% had low trauma and low symptoms (Ideal Norm). “Resilient” and “Norm” groups also had high “protection”. Four-class model was a better fit to data than two-class model.ConclusionsThe proposed re-conceptualization, using four classes and incorporating protective factors, better describes the empirical trauma-symptom relationship than the conventional two-class psychiatric conceptualization of PTSD; and begins to clarify the psycho-social dynamics of the trauma-psychopathology relationship.
997 – The Relation Between Instrumental Musical Activity And Internet Addiction Among High School Students
Authors: Canan F. , Yildirim O. , Sinani G. , Ozturk O. , Ustunel T.Y. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionMusicians are a population often stereotypically linked to a wide range of substance use behaviors. A number of convenience studies provide support for the perception of disproportionately high substance use rates by musicians.ObjectivesAn association between alcohol and substance abuse and musical activity has been reported previously. However, up until now, no study has been carried out on the relationship between Internet overuse and musical activity.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate Internet addiction among adolescents and to examine the correlation between problematic Internet use and musical activity.MethodsThe study was conducted among 1905 students, aged between 14 and 18 years. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and a sociodemographic query form were used in the collection of data. Students were also asked if they were regularly engaging in a musical activity.ResultsThe students with problematic Internet use and Internet addiction were more likely to engage in musical activity than students with avarage Internet use (p<0.001). Adolescents who regularly engage in a musical activity scored higher on IAT than adolescents who do not (36.3±17.5, 28.9±14.9, respectively; p<0.001). Additionally, students who regularly engage in a musical activity were found to spend more time on Internet when compared to those who do not (p<0.001).ConclusionsThese results indicate an association between the Internet addiction and musical activity. We hope that future studies will fruitfully draw upon our exploratory findings in order to generate a more nuanced understanding of the nature and implications of Internet addiction among musicians.
999 – The Self-image Of Adolescents And Its Relationship To Internet Addiction
Authors: Canan F. , Yildirim O. , Sinani G. , Ustunel T.Y. , Yildirim M. , Ozturk O. , Ataoglu A. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionSelf-image is developed by the way in which adolescents think, feel and behave and it arises from the person's body image during preadolescence. problematic A considerable amount of literature published so far on Internet addiction reveals that it is a worldwide phenomenon.ObjectivesInternet use involves an individual's inability to control his or her use of the Internet, negative consequences (e.g., failing in school, decreased productivity), and marked distress and/or functional impairment Until now, no studies were performed to investigate the relationship between Internet addiction and self-image.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate Internet addiction among adolescents and to examine the correlation between problematic Internet use and self-image.MethodsWe assessed 1912 high school students, aged between 14 and 18 years. Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Offer Self- Image Questionnaire (OSIQ), and a sociodemographic query form were used in the collection of data.ResultsAccording to the IAT, 201 students (10.5%) were found to be a ‘problematic Internet user’ or an ‘Internet addict’. The students with Internet addiction scored lower on all subscales of OSIQ (impulse control, emotional tone, body image, social Relations, vocational and educational goals, family relations, mastery of the external world, emotional health and superior adjustment), except sexual attitudes. A significant negative correlation between daily OSIQ subscales and IAT and weekly Internet use was found.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that Internet addiction was related to the development of the self-image, which is a crucial psychological structure gained in adolescence.
1001 – Delusional Themes In Paranoid Schizophrenia And Persistent Delusional Disorder
Authors: Papava I. , Lazarescu M. , Bredicean C. , Ienciu M. , Dehelean L. , Enatescu V.R. , Romosan R. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionDelusion is one of the most characteristic features of all psychotic disorders. It is an essential symptom for both paranoid schizophrenia and persistent delusional disorder. Although delusion in schizophrenia is described as unorganized and organized in persistent delusional disorder, the delusional themes within these psychosis are relatively similar, with the exception of bizarre delusion which is considered as belonging to schizophrenia.ObjectivesIdentifying the types of delusions in long-term evolution of patients with paranoid schizophrenia and persistent delusional disorder and comparing the frequency of their occurrence in the two groups.AimsHighlighting significant differences in the frequency of delusional themes in long-term evolution of the two groups of subjects with the diagnosis we mentioned above.MethodsWe formed a sample of 60 subjects with persistent delusional disorder and a sample of 34 subjects with paranoid schizophrenia. Patients from both groups had an average course of illness of 10 years. We have quantified for each patient the number of hospital admissions during which they tested positive for a certain type of delusion.ResultsWithin the persistent delusional disorder group the most frequent type of delusion was of persecution, followed by delusions of reference. Delusions of persecution and delusions of being followed found to be the most common delusional themes in the paranoid schizophrenia group.ConclusionsWe have not found significant differences between the two groups regarding the type of delusions, with the exception of bizarre delusions. The paranoid theme is the most common theme for both types of pathologies.