bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Coupling between Metal Spins through the 7,7,8,8‐Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) Dianion
Authors: Saber Mohamed R. , Prosvirin Andrey V. , Abrahams Brendan F. , Elliott Robert W. , Robson Richard , Dunbar Kim R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA family of magnetic metal–organic frameworks, (Ph3PMe)2[M2(TCNQ)3] {M=Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+} have been prepared and structurally characterized. The honeycomb‐like “layers” consist of MII ions doubly bridged with dinitrilomethane moieties of two 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) dianions which are further connected through phenyl rings to form a 3D dianionic framework [M2TCNQ3]2− with Ph3PMe+ cations filling cavities that run along the c axis. Studies of the magnetic coupling through the TCNQ dianion in these structures revealed that it can promote long‐range magnetic ordering despite the long coupling pathway.
Affinity of Rare Earth Elements to Silico‐Phosphate Phases in the System Al2O3‐CaO‐MgO‐P2O5‐SiO2
Authors: Elwert Tobias , Goldmann Dr.‐Ing Daniel , Schirmer Thomas , Strauß Karl 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe affinity of Nd and Dy to phosphate containing mineral phases was investigated in this study in an Al2O3‐CaO‐MgO‐P2O5‐SiO2 slag system. The slags originate from pyrometallurgical recycling of NdFeB magnets. Without addition of phosphate, the distribution of Nd and Dy is more or less arbitrary in the silicate matrix. Addition of phosphate leads to the formation of a silico‐phosphate in an early stage of the crystallization process, which scavenges the majority of Nd and Dy. This is due to the strong affinity of these elements to phosphate structures. This phenomenon could be used to produce a rare earth element concentrate by classical mineral beneficiation.
Evaluation of the Separation Efficiency in Metal Melt Filtration with Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Heuzeroth Fabian , Fritzsche Jörg , Peuker Urs Alexander 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDie Filtration von Metallschmelzen ist ein Prozess, um die Qualität von Gussprodukten zu erhöhen. Flüssiges Metall besitzt eine sehr hohe Oberflächenenergie und benetzt deswegen partikuläre Verunreinigungen kaum. Um den Einfluss der Benetzung auf die Filtration zu untersuchen, werden Haftkräfte zwischen Feststoffoberflächen bei unterschiedlichen Benetzungszuständen mit einem Rasterkraftmikroskop gemessen. Die Experimente zeigen, dass die Benetzung die Haftkraft und die erzielte Filtrationsleistung deutlich beeinflusst.
Continuous Electric Sorting in the Recycling Process of Plastics
Authors: Reinsch Edith , Frey Andrea , Albrecht Victoria , Simon Frank , Peuker Urs A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDie Elektrosortierung ist ein kontinuierliches Sortierverfahren, das eine Separation von Kunststoffgemischen im Trockenen und mit relativ geringem Energieaufwand erlaubt. Die triboelektrische Aufladung, die Grundvoraussetzung für eine stoffspezifische Trennung von Teilchen, ist jedoch ein physikalisches Phänomen hoher Komplexität. In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst ein Überblick über den Stand der Forschung zur elektrostatischen Aufladbarkeit von Kunststoffen gegeben. An verschiedenen praxisrelevanten Beispielen wird dann gezeigt, wie Aufladung und Trennung gezielt beeinflusst werden können.
Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Mixtures: Sustainable Solvents for Extraction Processes
Authors: Pena‐Pereira Francisco , Namieśnik Jacek 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn recent years, ionic liquids and deep eutectic mixtures have demonstrated great potential in extraction processes relevant to several scientific and technological activities. This review focuses on the applicability of these sustainable solvents in a variety of extraction techniques, including but not limited to liquid‐ and solid‐phase (micro) extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction and pressurized liquid extraction. Selected applications of ionic liquids and deep eutectic mixtures on analytical method development, removal of environmental pollutants, selective isolation, and recovery of target compounds, purification of fuels, and azeotrope breaking are described and discussed.
Harvesting, Storing and Utilising Solar Energy using MoO3: Modulating Structural Distortion through pH Adjustment
Authors: Lou Shi Nee , Ng Yun Hau , Ng Charlene , Scott Jason , Amal Rose 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNanostructured molybdenum oxide (α‐MoO3) thin film photoelectrodes were synthesised by anodisation. Upon band gap‐excitation by light illumination, α‐MoO3 is able to store a portion of the excited charges in its layered structure with the simultaneous intercalation of alkali cations. The stored electrons can be discharged from α‐MoO3 for utilisation under dark conditions, and α‐MoO3 is able to recharge itself with successive illuminations to behave as a ‘self‐photo‐rechargeable’ alkali‐ion battery. The alteration of the anodisation pH allowed the crystal structure and oxygen vacancy concentrations of α‐MoO3 to be modulated to achieve (i) a distorted MoO6 octahedra for enhanced charge separation and storage, (ii) a layered structure with a greater exposed (010) crystal face for rich and reversible ion intercalation and (iii) a highly crystalline thin film that suppresses electron–hole pair recombination. Overall, the larger MoO6 octahedral distortion in α‐MoO3 at a higher pH favours charge storage, whereas smaller octahedral distortion at a lower pH leads to anodic photocurrent enhancement.
Periodate‐oxidized ATP modulates macrophage functions during infection with Leishmania amazonensis
Authors: Figliuolo V. R. , Chaves S. P. , Santoro G. F. , Coutinho C. M. L. M. , Meyer‐Fernandes J. R. , Rossi‐Bergmann B. , Coutinho‐Silva R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPreviously, we showed that treating macrophages with ATP impairs the intracellular growth of Leishmania amazonensis, and that the P2X7 purinergic receptor is overexpressed during leishmaniasis. In the present study, we directly evaluated the effect of periodate‐oxidized ATP (oATP) on parasite control in Leishmania‐infected macrophages. We found that oATP impaired the attachment/entrance of L. amazonensis promastigotes to C57BL/6 mouse macrophages in a P2X7 receptor‐independent manner, as macrophages from P2X7−/− mice were similarly affected. Although oATP directly inhibited the growth of axenic promastigotes in culture, promoted rapid ultrastructural alterations, and impaired Leishmania internalization by macrophages, it did not affect intracellular parasite multiplication. Upon infection, phagosomal acidification was diminished in oATP‐treated macrophages, accompanied by reduced endosomal proteolysis. Likewise, MHC class II molecules expression and ectoATPase activity was decreased by oATP added to macrophages at the time of parasite infection. These inhibitory effects were not due to a cytotoxic effect, as no additional release of lactate dehydrogenase was detected in culture supernatants. Moreover, the capacity of macrophages to produce nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species was not affected by the presence of oATP during infection. We conclude that oATP directly affects extracellular parasite integrity and macrophage functioning. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Task Estimation Using Latent Semantic Analysis of Visual Scenes and Spoken Words
Authors: Kimura Masashi , Sawada Shinta , Iribe Yurie , Katsurada Kouichi , Nitta Tsuneo 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose a task estimation method based on multiple subspaces extracted from multimodal information of image objects in visual scenes and spoken words in dialogue appearing in the same task. The multiple subspaces are obtained by using latent semantic analysis (LSA). In the proposed method, a task vector composed of spoken words and the frequencies of image‐object appearances are extracted first, and then similarities among the input task vector and reference subspaces of different tasks are compared. Experiments are conducted on the identification of game tasks. The experimental results show that the proposed method with multimodal information outperforms the method in which only the single modality of image or spoken dialogue is applied. The proposed method achieves accurate performance even if less spoken dialogue is applied.
Spatial heterogeneity of fine root biomass and soil carbon in a California oak savanna illuminates plant functional strategy across periods of high and low resource supply
Authors: Koteen Laura E. , Raz‐Yaseef Naama , Baldocchi Dennis D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe sampled isolated trees and tree clusters from a blue oak, Quercus douglasii, savanna to determine the spatial heterogeneity of fine root biomass and soil carbon across the landscape as a function of tree size and configuration. We aimed to understand how fine root structure enables sustained ecosystem metabolism through a summer of limited moisture and high heat and facilitates resource acquisition during the short period of high resource supply. An additional goal was to provide a basis for upscaling root biomass and soil carbon to the landscape scale. We sampled trees of different size and tree clusters via a stratified sampling scheme that accounted for spatial heterogeneity in root biomass and soil carbon with lateral distance from the tree bole, or cluster centre, and soil depth. We upscaled these estimates using site‐specific information from a lidar survey. We found that fine roots and soil carbon are spatially heterogeneous in their landscape distribution and greatly increase with tree size. We also found that Q. douglasii possesses a dimorphic fine root architecture, uniquely suited to the region's climatic constraints and exhibits morphological plasticity among trees of different size and physical setting. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective Use of Mesoporous Silica Filler: Comparative Study on Thermal Stability and Transparency of Silicone Rubbers Loaded with Various Kinds of Silica Particles
Authors: Suzuki Norihiro , Kamachi Yuichiro , Takai Kimiko , Kiba Shosuke , Sakka Yoshio , Miyamoto Nobuyoshi , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFour types of silica fillers (nonporous silica particles, mesoporous silica particles, silica gels with micropores, and fumed silica particles) have been used as inorganic filler materials for silicone rubber. To determine their effectiveness as filler materials, a systematic study on the thermal strength and transparency of the obtained silica/silicone composites was conducted. The mesoporous silica/silicone composite shows the lowest thermal expansion and higher transparency than the other composites. The thermal strength and transparency of silica gel/silicone composite is quite similar to those of nonporous silica/silicone composite. Fumed silica/silicone composite is highly transparent (indeed, its transparency is the same as pristine silicone), but the thermal strength is at the same level as nonporous silica/silicone composite. These results clarify that mesoporous silica particles are the most promising filler materials for silicone rubber.
Directional Self‐Assembly of Exfoliated Layered Europium Hydroxide Nanosheets and Na9EuW10O36·32H2O for Application in Desulfurization
Authors: Wang Xiaoting , Chen Wei , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe directional self‐assembly of exfoliated layered europium hydroxide (LEuH) nanosheets and europium‐containing heteropolytungstate anions has been achieved by mixing an LEuH colloidal solution and a Na9EuW10O36·32H2O (EuW10) solution at room temperature leading to the formation of a new inorganic/inorganic hybrid material, Eu2(OH)5(EuW10O36)0.11·5.5H2O (LEuH‐EuW10). The use of LEuH‐EuW10 in extractive catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ECODS) showed that highly efficient and selective deep desulfurization can be achieved in only 15 min under mild conditions. A maximum turnover number (TON) of around 1600 has been achieved. In addition, the catalyst can be recycled and reused at least 10 times with only a slight loss of catalytic efficiency.
Exploring the Building‐Block Potential of Readily Accessible Chiral [Zn(salen)] Complexes
Authors: Martin Eddy , Martínez Belmonte Marta , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe synthesis and full characterization of a series of chiral [Zn(salen)] [salen = N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine dianion] complexes comprising a 1,2‐diphenylethane backbone is reported. The preparation method reported here simplifies the previously communicated methodology for these types of Zn complexes that utilized air‐sensitive ZnEt2 (or similar) as the metalating reagent. X‐ray molecular structures are also reported for representative examples of this family of [Zn(salen)] complexes. A wide range of functionality is shown to be accessible by means of the present route, thereby amplifying the potential use of these (Lewis acidic) Zn complexes as molecular building blocks. Examples in this work include the formation of supramolecular assemblies having built‐in bifunctionality using versatile Zn–N and Zn–O coordination motifs as guiding tools.
Oxidative stability of lipids from hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) as affected by essential oils incorporation
Authors: Takeungwongtrakul Sirima , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: May 2014

Oxidative stability of lipids from hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) added with different essential oils at 200 ppm during 10 days of storage was studied. With increasing storage time, the progressive formation of hydroperoxide was found in all samples as evidenced by the increases in peroxide values (PV) (p<0.05). Amongst all essential oils tested, lemon essential oil exhibited the highest preventive effect against oxidation, followed by plai and basil essential oils, respectively. The increases in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and ρ‐anisidine value (AnV) of lipids were noticeable when storage time increased (p<0.05). The increases in TBARS and AnV were retarded in the presence of essential oils. Nevertheless, the effectiveness for prevention of lipid oxidation of all three essential oils was slightly lower than α‐tocopherol when used at the same level. The formation of volatile compounds and rancid odour of samples were lowered when being incorporated with essential oils. Based on sensory evaluation, lipid containing lemon essential oil had a similar rancid odour to that added with α‐tocopherol. Thus, essential oils could be used as natural antioxidants to retard lipid oxidation and rancidity of lipids from hepatopancreas during extended storage.Practical applications: Shrimp hepatopancreas, a byproduct from shrimp processing industries, is an important source of lipids and astaxanthins, which are susceptible to oxidation. Their changes are associated with development of off‐odour and loss of nutritive value. Therefore, the uses of natural antioxidants, especially essential oils, can be a potential means to retard lipid oxidation and rancidity of shrimp oil during extended storage.Essential oils could be used as natural antioxidants to retard lipid oxidation and rancidity of lipids from hepatopancreas during extended storage.
An Approach to the Selenobromination of Aryl(thienyl)alkynes: Access to 3‐Bromobenzo[b]selenophenes and Selenophenothiophenes
Authors: Paegle Edgars , Belyakov Sergey , Arsenyan Pavel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA novel approach for the cyclization of arylalkynes with selenium(IV) bromide prepared in situ has been elaborated. The use of an alkene additive as a bromine scavenger provides a convenient synthetic pathway for the synthesis of a wide variety of 3‐bromobenzo[b]selenophenes. Reactions can be performed open to air without the use of moisture‐sensitive reagents, anhydrous solvents, or an inert atmosphere. Selenobromination of ethynylthiophenes has been applied for the preparation of selenopheno[3,2‐b]‐ and selenopheno[2,3‐b]thiophenes. The molecular structures of representative derivatives have been confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis.
On the Ion‐Pair Recognition and Indication Features of a Fluorescent Heteroditopic Host Based on a BODIPY Core
Authors: Gotor Raúl , Costero Ana M. , Gil Salvador , Gaviña Pablo , Rurack Knut 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA fluorescent heteroditopic host for ion pairs and zwitterionic species has been synthesized. Its affinity towards a series of anions, cations and ion pairs in acetonitrile has been assessed, and the spectroscopic response has been evaluated. Solid–liquid extraction experiments of inorganic salts, α‐amino acids and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) into acetonitrile solutions were performed, and the resulting complexes were analyzed by UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The discrimination patterns observed have been rationalized in terms of the molecular topologies of the host and guests.
Self‐reported recurrent pain and medicine use behaviours among 15‐year olds: Results from the international study
Authors: Gobina I. , Villberg J. , Villerusa A. , Välimaa R. , Tynjälä J. , Ottova‐Jordan V. , Ravens‐Sieberer U. , Levin K. , Cavallo F. , Borraccino A. , Sigmund E. , Andersen A. , Holstein B.E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere is considerable variation in adolescent pain prevalence across epidemiological studies, with limited information on pain‐related behaviours among adolescents, including medicine use. The aims of this study were (1) to examine the prevalence of recurrent pain among 15‐year‐old adolescents internationally; (2) to investigate the association between recurrent pain and medicine use behaviours among boys and girls; and (3) to evaluate the consistency of these associations across countries.MethodsThe World Health Organization (WHO) collaborative international Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children 2009/2010 study collects data about self‐reported aches and medicine use from 36,762 15‐year‐old adolescents from 22 countries/regions in Europe and the United States. Multi‐level multivariate logistic regression, stratified by gender, was used to analyse the association between recurrent pain and medicine use for headache, stomachache, nervousness and difficulties in getting to sleep.ResultsMore than 30% of adolescents reported recurrent headache, almost 30% recurrent backache and approximately 20% recurrent stomachache. Although pain prevalence and medicine use for aches were much higher for girls, the association between pain and medicine use was similarly strong for both genders. Adolescents with recurrent pain are more likely to use medicines also for non‐corresponding pain, nervousness and difficulties in getting to sleep. The association between recurrent pain and medicine use was consistent across countries despite large‐country differences in the prevalence of recurrent pain and medicine use.ConclusionsRecurrent pain in adolescence is common cross‐nationally. Adolescents with recurrent pain are more likely to use medicine in general. Recurrent pain and medicine use should be addressed in adolescent health policies.
Paper‐Based Electrochemical Biosensors: From Test Strips to Paper‐Based Microfluidics
Authors: Liu Bingwen , Du Dan , Hua Xin , Yu Xiao‐Ying , Lin Yuehe 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPapers based biosensors such as lateral flow test strips and paper‐based microfluidic devices are inexpensive, rapid, flexible, and easy‐to‐use analytical tools for point‐of‐care diagnosis. An apparent trend in their detection is to interpret sensing results from qualitative assessment to quantitative determination. Electrochemical (EC) detection plays an important role in quantifying test results. This review focuses on paper‐based biosensors with EC detection. The first part provides detailed examples in lateral flow test strips while the second part gives an overview of paper microfluidics. The outlook and recommendation of future directions of papers based EC biosensors are discussed in the end.
Supporting brace sizing in structures with added linear viscous fluid dampers: A filter design solution
Authors: Londoño Julián M. , Wagg David J. , Neild Simon A. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYViscous fluid dampers have proved to be effective in suppressing unwanted vibrations in a range of engineering structures. When dampers are fitted in a structure, a brace is typically used to attach them to the main structure. The stiffness of this brace can significantly alter the effectiveness of the damper, and in structures with multiple dampers, this can be a complex scenario to model. In this paper, we demonstrate that the effects of the brace compliance on the damper performance can be modelled by way of a first‐order filter. We use this result to formulate a procedure that calculates the stiffness required by the supporting brace to provide a specified effectiveness of the damping action. The proposed procedure assumes that viscous dampers have been sized in a previous design step based on any optimal methodology in which, as is usually the case, the presence of supporting braces and their dynamic effects were neglected. Firstly considering a one degree‐of‐freedom system, we show that the proposed method ensures a desired level of damper efficiency for all frequencies within a selected bandwidth. Then the analysis is extended to the case of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom systems to show that the design criteria can be applied in a straightforward and successful manner to more complex structures. © 2014 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Nonlinear eigenvalue problems: a challenge for modern eigenvalue methods
Authors: Mehrmann Volker , Voss Heinrich 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe discuss the state of the art in numerical solution methods for large scale polynomial or rational eigenvalue problems. We present the currently available solution methods such as the Jacobi‐Davidson, Arnoldi or the rational Krylov method and analyze their properties. We briefly introduce a new linearization technique and demonstrate how it can be used to improve structure preservation and with this the accuracy and efficiency of linearization based methods. We present several recent applications where structured and unstructured nonlinear eigenvalue problems arise and some numerical results. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Topics in the numerical linear algebra of Toeplitz and Hankel matrices
Authors: Böttcher Albrecht , Rost Karla 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis is an introduction to some aspects of the numerical linear algebra of large matrices with Toeplitz, Hankel, and Toeplitz‐plus‐Hankel structures. The concrete topics we have selected are determined by our preferences and by work we have participated in. We give an introduction to the symbol calculus, we touch exact and asymptotic formulas for inverses, including the notion of a Bezoutian, we consider eigenvalues, pseudospectra, eigenvectors, and condition numbers, and we embark on the fast solution of Toeplitz systems. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New hybridization techniques
Authors: Cockburn Bernardo , Gopalakrishnan Jayadeep 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper we present an overview of some new hybridization techniques for linear secondorder elliptic problems. We begin by introducing the hybridization technique through a simple one dimensional example. We then introduce a new point of view with which previously unsuspected applications of hybridization have become possible. Presentation of these applications is the main objective of this review. One such application is in comparing and establishing connections between mixed methods. Next we show how hybridization makes possible the construction of high order variable degree mixed methods. We develop a new error analysis for mixed methods making essential use of hybridization resulting in new error estimates for our new as well as old methods. Finally, we show that via hybridization one can solve the long standing research problem of computing numerical approximations to Stokes flow that are exactly divergence free. We show this for a discontinuous Galerkin method and then for a classical mixed method. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)