bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Terrain Resolution on Banded Convection in the Lee of the Rocky Mountains
Authors: Schumacher Russ S. , Schultz David M. , Knox John A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
On 16–17 February 2007, snowbands formed in the lee of the Rocky Mountains in Wyoming, Colorado, and Nebraska on the anticyclonic-shear side of a midlevel jet streak. Two types of bands were prevalent: a longer, wider band associated with frontogenesis along an equatorward-moving cold front (major band) and multiple shorter, narrower bands farther poleward (minor bands). To understand how the upstream terrain affected the occurrence and intensity of the bands, multiple mesoscale model simulations were performed in which the terrain was incrementally smoothed. The evolutions of the synoptic patterns were similar in all simulations that included topography, but the synoptic pattern differed and no bands developed in a simulation with a flat land surface. These results allowed a focus on the changes to the banded precipitation due to the terrain resolution. Remarkably, although the exact location of the bands differed from run to run, the bands in all simulations with topography were in roughly the same region where they occurred on 16–17 February 2007. The major band was associated with frontogenesis along an equatorward-moving cold front that became stalled against the terrain. The minor bands formed from the release of conditional, symmetric, and inertial instabilities by ascent up the large-scale topography, rather than by ascent up specific small-scale topographic features. Because the bands were not tied to specific terrain features, these results suggest that the precise location of the minor bands is unpredictable.
Presurgical functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with brain tumors
Authors: Ravn Søren , Holmberg Mats , Sørensen Preben , Frokjaer Jens B , Carl Jesper 
Published: December 2014

Background Clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is still an upcoming diagnostic tool because it is time-consuming to perform the post-scan calculations and interpretations. A standardized and easily used method for the clinical assessment of fMRI scans could decrease the workload and make fMRI more attractive for clinical use. Purpose To evaluate a standardized clinical approach for distance measurement between benign brain tumors and eloquent cortex in terms of the ability to predict pre- and postoperative neurological deficits after intraoperative neuronavigation-assisted surgery. Material and Methods A retrospective study of 34 patients. The fMRI data were reanalyzed using a standardized distance measurement procedure combining data from both fMRI and three-dimensional T1 MRI scans. The pre- and postoperative neurological status of each patient was obtained from hospital records. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis to determine whether the distance measured between the tumor margin and fMRI activity could serve as a predictor for neurological deficits. Results An odds ratio of 0.89 mm–1 ( P = 0.03) was found between the risk of preoperative neurological motor deficits and the tumor-fMRI distance. An odds ratio of 0.82 mm–1 ( P = 0.04) was found between the risk of additional postoperative neurological motor deficits and the tumor-fMRI distance. The tumor was radically removed in 10 cases; five patients experienced additional postoperative motor deficits (tumor-fMRI distance <18 mm) and five did not (tumor-fMRI distance >18 mm) ( P = 0.008). Conclusion This study indicates that the distance measured between the tumor margin and fMRI activation could serve as a valuable predictor of neurological motor deficits.
Perioperative anaesthetic care of the cat undergoing dental and oral procedures
Authors: de Vries Marieke , Putter Gerhard 
Published: December 2014

Clinical challenges: Anaesthesia for dental and oral procedures in cats can be challenging and many factors need to be taken into consideration. Often it is older patients requiring these procedures and, while old age itself is not a contraindication for general anaesthesia, older patients tend to have limited homeostatic reserves and are, therefore, more prone to anaesthesia-induced insults of vital organs. Most sedative and anaesthetic agents have cardiovascular side effects, which may result in detrimental consequences in older patients in which organ reserves are likely reduced. Aims: The need for good patient assessment and management during the entire perianaesthetic period cannot be overemphasised. This article describes how both anaesthetic protocol and intravenous fluid therapy should be tailored to the individual cat’s needs. Application of a multimodal analgesic protocol (the combination of different analgesic agents) and a balanced anaesthetic technique incorporating local nerve blocks is highly recommended and a particular focus of the review. The use of local anaesthetic agents for the latter not only provides optimal pre-emptive analgesia, but also reduces the amount of anaesthetic agents needed to maintain an adequate level of anaesthesia and, therefore, limits their side effects. Other key aspects of perianaesthetic care of the feline dental and oral patient include airway protection, monitoring and maintenance of body temperature, eye protection, and analgesia extending well into the post-anaesthetic period. Evidence base: The authors draw on their clinical experience and the referenced literature to provide a practical overview of this critical but often-overlooked aspect of feline dentistry.
Myenteric plexitis: A frequent feature in patients undergoing surgery for colonic diverticular disease
Authors: Bassotti Gabrio , Villanacci Vincenzo , Sidoni Angelo , Nascimbeni Riccardo , Dore Maria P , Binda Gian A , Bandelloni Roberto , Salemme Marianna , Del Sordo Rachele , Cadei Moris , Manca Alessandra , Bernardini Nunzia , Maurer Christoph A , Cathomas Gieri 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundDiverticular disease of the colon is frequent in clinical practice, and a large number of patients each year undergo surgical procedures worldwide for their symptoms. Thus, there is a need for better knowledge of the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms of this disease entity.ObjectivesBecause patients with colonic diverticular disease have been shown to display abnormalities of the enteric nervous system, we assessed the frequency of myenteric plexitis (i.e. the infiltration of myenteric ganglions by inflammatory cells) in patients undergoing surgery for this condition.MethodsWe analyzed archival resection samples from the proximal resection margins of 165 patients undergoing left hemicolectomy (60 emergency and 105 elective surgeries) for colonic diverticulitis, by histology and immunochemistry.ResultsOverall, plexitis was present in almost 40% of patients. It was subdivided into an eosinophilic (48%) and a lymphocytic (52%) subtype. Plexitis was more frequent in younger patients; and it was more frequent in those undergoing emergency surgery (50%), compared to elective (28%) surgery (p = 0.007). All the severe cases of plexitis displayed the lymphocytic subtype.ConclusionsIn conclusion, myenteric plexitis is frequent in patients with colonic diverticular disease needing surgery, and it might be implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Vascular safety issues in CML patients treated with BCR/ABL1 kinase inhibitors
Authors: Valent Peter , Hadzijusufovic Emir , Schernthaner Gerit-Holger , Wolf Dominik , Rea Delphine , le Coutre Philipp 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Vascular safety is an emerging issue in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Whereas imatinib exhibits a well-documented and favorable long-term safety profile without obvious accumulation of vascular events, several types of vascular adverse events (VAEs) have been described in patients receiving second- or third-generation BCR/ABL1 TKIs. Such VAEs include pulmonary hypertension in patients treated with dasatinib, peripheral arterial occlusive disease and other arterial disorders in patients receiving nilotinib, and venous and arterial vascular occlusive events during ponatinib. Although each TKI interacts with a unique profile of molecular targets and has been associated with a unique pattern of adverse events, the mechanisms of drug-induced vasculopathy are not well understood. Here, recent data and concepts around VAEs in TKI-treated patients with CML are discussed, with special reference to potential mechanisms, event management, and strategies aimed at avoiding occurrence of such events in long-term treated patients.
A novel immunoregulatory role for NK-cell cytotoxicity in protection from HLH-like immunopathology in mice
Authors: Sepulveda Fernando E. , Maschalidi Sophia , Vosshenrich Christian A. J. , Garrigue Alexandrine , Kurowska Mathieu , Ménasche Gael , Fischer Alain , Di Santo James P. , de Saint Basile Geneviève 
Published: December 2014

Key Points
NK cytotoxic activity limits HLH-like immunopathology in cytotoxic-deficient mice. NK cytotoxic activity reduces T-cell activation and tissue infiltration of macrophages.
The signaling symphony: T cell receptor tunes cytokine-mediated T cell differentiation
Authors: Huang Weishan , August Avery 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
T cell development, differentiation, and maintenance are orchestrated by 2 key signaling axes: the antigen-specific TCR and cytokine-mediated signals. The TCR signals the recognition of self- and foreign antigens to control T cell homeostasis for immune tolerance and immunity, which is regulated by a variety of cytokines to determine T cell subset homeostasis and differentiation. TCR signaling can synergize with or antagonize cytokine-mediated signaling to fine tune T cell fate; however, the latter is less investigated. Murine models with attenuated TCR signaling strength have revealed that TCR signaling can function as regulatory feedback machinery for T cell homeostasis and differentiation in differential cytokine milieus, such as IL-2-mediated Treg development; IL-7-mediated, nai¨ve CD8+ T cell homeostasis; and IL-4-induced innate memory CD8+ T cell development. In this review, we discuss the symphonic cross-talk between TCR and cytokine-mediated responses that differentially control T cell behavior, with a focus on the negative tuning by TCR activation on the cytokine effects.
Evidence for a carotid body homolog in the lizardTupinambis merianae
Authors: Reichert Michelle N. , Brink Deidre L. , Milsom William K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe homolog to the mammalian carotid body has not yet been identified in lizards. Observational studies and evolutionary history provide indirect evidence for the existence of a chemoreceptor population at the first major bifurcation of the common carotid artery in lizards, but a chemoreceptive role for this area has not yet been definitively demonstrated. We explored this possibility by measuring changes in cardiorespiratory variables in response to focal arterial injections of the hypoxia mimic sodium cyanide (NaCN) into the carotid artery of 12 unanesthetized specimens of Tupinambis merianae. These injections elicited increases in heart rate (fH; 101±35% increase) and respiratory rate (fR; 620±119% increase), but not mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). These responses were eliminated by vagal denervation. Similar responses were elicited by injections of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine (ACh) and serotonin (5-HT) but not norepinephrine. Heart rate and respiratory rate increases in response to NaCN could be blocked or reduced by either the antagonist to ACh (atropine) and/or 5-HT (methysergide). Finally, using immunohistochemistry we demonstrated the presence of putative chemoreceptive cells immuno-positive for the cholinergic cell marker vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) and 5-HT on internal lattice-like structures at the carotid bifurcation. These results provide evidence for the existence of dispersed chemoreceptor cells at the first carotid bifurcation in the central cardiovascular area in lizards with similar properties to known carotid body homologs, adding to the picture of chemoreceptor evolution in vertebrates.
The importance of short and near infrared wavelength sensitivity for visual discrimination in two species of lacertid lizards
Authors: Martin Mélissa , Le Galliard Jean-François , Meylan Sandrine , Loew Ellis R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Males and females from Lacertid lizard species often display conspicuous colourations involved in intraspecific communication. However, visual systems of Lacertidae have rarely been studied and the spectral sensitivity of their retinal photoreceptors remains unknown. Here, we characterised spectral sensitivity of two Lacertid species from contrasted habitats, the wall lizard Podarcis muralis and the common lizard Zootoca vivipara. Both species possess a pure-cone retina with one spectral class of double cones and four spectral classes of single cone photoreceptors. The two species differ in the spectral sensitivity of the LWS cones, the relative abundance of UVS single cones (potentially more abundant in Z. vivipara), and the colouration of oil droplets. Wall lizards have pure vitamin A1-based photopigments while common lizards possess mixed vitamin A1- and A2- photopigments extending spectral sensitivity into near infrared, a rare feature in terrestrial vertebrates. We found that spectral sensitivity in the UV and in the near infrared improves discrimination of small variation in throat colouration among Z. vivipara. Thus, retinal specialisations optimise chromatic resolution in common lizards, which indicates that visual system and visual signals may co-evolve.
Effect of abrasive properties of sedges on intestinal absorptive surface and Resting Metabolic Rate of the root voles
Authors: Wieczorek Monika , Szafrańska Paulina A. , Labecka Anna Maria , Lázaro Javier , Konarzewski Marek 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Recent studies on grasses and sedges suggested that the induction of a mechanism reducing digestibility of plant tissues in response to herbivore damage may drive rodent population cycles. This defence mechanism seems to rely on the abrasive properties of ingested plants. However, the underlying mechanism has not been demonstrated in small wild herbivores. Therefore, we carried out an experiment in which we determined the joint effect of abrasive sedge components on histological structure of small intestine as well as Resting Metabolic Rates (RMR) of the root voles (Microtus oeconomus). The histological examination revealed that voles fed with a sedge-dominated diet had shorter villi composed from narrower enterocytes in duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Reduction in the height of villi decreased along the small intestine. Activity of the mucus secretion increased along the small intestine and was significantly higher in ileum. The intestinal abrasion exceeded compensatory capabilities of voles, which responded to sedge-dominated diet by the reduction of body mass and a concomitant decrease in whole body RMR. These results explain an inverse association between body mass and the probability of winter survival observed in voles inhabiting homogenous sedge wetlands.
Design of a CO-releasing Extracellular Scaffold Using in Vivo Protein Crystals
Authors: Tabe Hiroyasu , Shimoi Takuya , Fujita Kenta , Abe Satoshi , Ijiri Hiroshi , Tsujimoto Masahiko , Kuchimaru Takahiro , Kizaka-Kondo Shinae , Mori Hajime , Kitagawa Susumu , Ueno Takafumi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A crystalline protein assembly of cypovirus polyhedra was engineered to develop a carbon monoxide (CO) releasing extracellular scaffold by immobilizing ruthenium carbonyls. The molecular design includes introduction of a hexahistidine tag to the C-terminus and provides immobilization of about 2-fold more Ru carbonyls per protein monomer and effectively releases three times more CO for activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in living cells relative to wild-type polyhedra with Ru carbonyls.
Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Diastereomeric 1,4-Amino Alcohols with o-Xylylene Skeleton
Authors: Asami Masatoshi , Nagai Atsushi , Sasahara Yukihiro , Ichikawa Ken-ichi , Ito Suguru , Hosoda Naoya 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Two diastereomeric 1,4-amino alcohols with o-xylylene structure (S,R)-2 and (S,S)-3, synthesized from chiral 1,4-diol (S,S)-1, were utilized as chiral ligands for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. The stereochemical outcome of the reactions was controlled solely by the absolute configuration of the benzylic carbon bearing amino group, and both enantiomers of 1-substituted propanol were obtained with up to 98% (S) and 96% (R) enantiomeric excesses.
Untargeted Metabolic Profiling Identifies Altered Serum Metabolites of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Prospective, Nested Case Control Study
Authors: Drogan Dagmar , Dunn Warwick B , Lin Wanchang , Buijsse Brian , Schulze Matthias B , Langenberg Claudia , Brown Marie , Floegel Anna , Dietrich Stefan , Rolandsson Olov , Wedge David C , Goodacre Royston , Forouhi Nita G , Sharp Stephen J , Spranger Joachim , Wareham Nick J , Boeing Heiner 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Application of metabolite profiling could expand the etiological knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, few prospective studies apply broad untargeted metabolite profiling to reveal the comprehensive metabolic alterations preceding the onset of T2D.

METHODS
We applied untargeted metabolite profiling in serum samples obtained from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort comprising 300 individuals who developed T2D after a median follow-up time of 6 years and 300 matched controls. For that purpose, we used ultraperformance LC-MS with a protocol specifically designed for large-scale metabolomics studies with regard to robustness and repeatability. After multivariate classification to select metabolites with the strongest contribution to disease classification, we applied multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression to assess the association of these metabolites with T2D.

RESULTS
Among several alterations in lipid metabolism, there was an inverse association with T2D for metabolites chemically annotated as lysophosphatidylcholine(dm16:0) and phosphatidylcholine(O-20:0/O-20:0). Hexose sugars were positively associated with T2D, whereas higher concentrations of a sugar alcohol and a deoxyhexose sugar reduced the odds of diabetes by approximately 60% and 70%, respectively. Furthermore, there was suggestive evidence for a positive association of the circulating purine nucleotide isopentenyladenosine-5′-monophosphate with incident T2D.

CONCLUSIONS
This study constitutes one of the largest metabolite profiling approaches of T2D biomarkers in a prospective study population. The findings might help generate new hypotheses about diabetes etiology and develop further targeted studies of a smaller number of potentially important metabolites.
Low-power consumption seamless wireless and wired links using transparent waveform transfer
Authors: Kawanishi Tetsuya 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper describes wired and wireless seamless networks consisting of radiowave and optical fiber links. Digital coherent technology developed for high-speed optical fiber transmission can mitigate signal deformation in radiowave links in the air as well as in optical fibers. Radio-over-fiber (RoF) technique, which transmits radio waveforms on intensity envelops of optical signals, can provide direct waveform transfer between optical and radio signals by using optical-to-electric or electric-to-optical conversion devices. Combination of RoF in millimeter-wave bands and digital coherent with high-performance digital signal processing (DSP) can provide wired and wireless seamless links where bit rate of wireless links would be close to 100 Gb/s. Millimeter-wave transmission distance would be shorter than a few kilometers due to large atmospheric attenuation, so that many moderate distance wireless links, which are seamlessly connected to optical fiber networks should be required to provide high-speed mobile-capable networks. In such systems, reduction of power consumption at media converters connecting wired and wireless links would be very important to pursue both low-power consumption and large capacity.
A Novel Approach for Evaluating TFT–LCD Manufacturer Operational Performance
Authors: Sun Chia-Chi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAccurate business performance evaluation is a key to success for enterprises. The purpose of this research was to analyze the current evaluation system for Taiwan thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT–LCD) manufacturers. Using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) in combination with information entropy, more objective and reasonable evaluation results are obtained. This paper introduces entropy into the grey relational analysis weighting calculation method to improve the precision. The proposed method provides more flexible and objective information in determining the criteria weights vector. The study results show that the combined method has certain scientific rationality.
Assessment of periprocedural hemodynamic changes in arteriovenous malformation vessels by endovascular dual-sensor guidewire
Authors: Orlov Kirill , Panarin Vyacheslav , Krivoshapkin Alexey , Kislitsin Dmitry , Berestov Vadim , Shayakhmetov Timur , Gorbatykh Anton 
Published: December 2014

Endovascular embolization is an important modality in the treatment of brain AVMs. Nowadays staged embolization is the method of choice for the prevention of perioperative hemorrhagic complications. Current theory suggests that simultaneous occlusion of more than 60% of AVM volume induces significant redistribution local blood flow. That, in turn, may lead to hemorrhage due to AVM rupture. Aside from angiographic findings, there is still no method that predicts the degree of safe partial embolization. Intraluminal measurement of flow velocity and pressure in the vicinity of the AVM nidus might allow detecting the changes in local hemodynamics. That can provide a valuable data and shed the light on the origin of vascular catastrophes. Ten patients underwent 12 embolization sessions with intraluminal flow velocity and pressure monitoring. The measurements were performed by dual-sensor guidewire. The “Combomap” (Volcano) system with Combowire microguidewires was chosen for measurements, as there is a documented experience of safe use of said guidewires in the cerebral vasculature. The findings observed during the study matched empirical data as well as the current physiological hypothesis of AVM hemorrhage. In conjunction with DSA runs, intraluminal flow velocity and pressure monitoring has the potential to become a valuable tool in AVM treatment.