bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of early maternal care on perceptual attentional set shifting and stress reactivity in adult rats
Authors: Sakhai Samuel A. , Saxton Katherine , Francis Darlene D. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTStress influences a wide variety of outcomes including cognitive processing. In the rat, early life maternal care can influence developing offspring to affect both stress reactivity and cognitive processes in adulthood. The current study assessed if variations in early life maternal care can influence cognitive performance on a task, the ability to switch cognitive sets, dependent on the medial prefrontal cortex. Early in life, offspring was reared under High or Low maternal Licking conditions. As adults, they were trained daily and then tested on an attentional set‐shifting task (ASST), which targets cognitive flexibility in rodents. Stress‐sensitive behavioral and neural markers were assayed before and after the ASST. High and Low Licking offspring performed equally well on the ASST despite initial, but not later, differences in stress axis functioning. These results suggest that early life maternal care does not impact the accuracy of attentional set‐shifting in rats. These findings may be of particular importance for those interested in the relationship between early life experience and adult cognitive function. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58:39–51, 2016.
Rhenium Complexes of Ligands Based on Stilbene – Synthesis, Characterization, ­Reactivity, and Conformational Analysis
Authors: Pino‐Cuevas Arantxa , Carballo Rosa , Muñoz Luis , Vázquez‐López Ezequiel M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe imine ligand L1 was prepared by the reaction of 4‐amino‐4′‐(dimethylamino)stilbene and 2‐pyridinecarbaldehyde. The amine ligand L2 was obtained in good yield by the reduction of L1 with NaBH4. The complexes [ReX(CO)3(Ln)] (1a: X = Cl, n = 1; 1b: X = Br, n = 1; 2a: X = Cl, n = 2; 2b: X = Br, n = 2) were prepared through the reactions of equimolar solutions of the corresponding ligand and [ReX(CO)3(CH3CN)2]. The complexes were characterized spectroscopically, and the structures of 1a and 1b were established by X‐ray diffraction. A configurational and conformational study of the amine complex 2b in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution was performed through molecular modeling and with the experimental NMR spectroscopy data. The transformations of 2a and 2b into 1a and 1b, respectively, were also monitored by UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis of β‐Substituted meso‐Tetraaryl‐21,23‐dithiaporphyrins by Heck Reaction
Authors: Forezi Luana da S. M. , Gomes Ana T. P. C. , Neves Maria G. P. M. S. , Ferreira Vitor F. , Boechat Fernanda da C. S. , de Souza Maria C. B. V. , Cavaleiro José A. S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstractmeso‐Tetraphenyl‐21,23‐dithiaporphyrin was selectively monobrominated at one β‐pyrrolic position in good yields. This dithiaporphyrin was then functionalized by Heck reaction with styrene derivatives containing different electronic features. The reaction profile was found to depend on the electronic characteristics of the styrene derivatives; the new compounds were fully characterized.
Three‐Component Synthesis of 7‐Hydroxy‐7‐polyfluoroalkylhexahydroimidazo[1,2‐a]­pyridin‐5(1H)‐ones
Authors: Goryaeva Marina V. , Burgart Yanina V. , Kudyakova Yulia S. , Ezhikova Marina A. , Kodess Mikhail I. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Saloutin Victor I. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA new straightforward three‐component approach to 7‐hydroxy‐7‐(polyfluoroalkyl)hexahydroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐5(1H)‐ones with high diastereoselectivity and regiospecificity was developed starting from commercially available 3‐oxo esters, methyl ketones, and 1,2‐ethanediamines. The scope of this cyclization and its plausible mechanism are reported.
Construction of Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones by Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Reactions of 2‐(1‐Alkynyl)benzaldimines with Water
Authors: Zhang Mingliang , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Ruan Wenqing , Wen Ting‐Bin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Cu(OAc)2‐catalyzed tandem reaction of 2‐(1‐alkynyl)benzaldimines with water for the synthesis of isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones was developed. Moreover, 4‐halogen‐substituted isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones were obtained in good yields simply by including N‐halosuccinimides (NXS: X = Cl, Br, I) in the reaction system. Mechanistic studies indicated that the reactions are probably initiated by highly regioselective intramolecular cyclization of 2‐(1‐alkynyl)benzaldimines to give the corresponding isoquinolinium intermediates.
Absolute power leads to absolute corruption? Impact of power on corruption depending on the concepts of power one holds
Authors: Wang Fang , Sun Xunwei 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPower has long been linked to the stigma of corruption. Three studies indicated that different power concepts have different implications for corruption behavior and perception. The personalized power concept relates to using power to pursue self‐centered goals for one's own benefit, whereas the socialized power concept relates to using power to pursue other‐focused goals for benefiting and helping others. Three studies were conducted to explore the effect of these two types of power concepts on corrupt intention or practice. The power concepts were measured in Study 1, primed through previous experience in Study 2, and utilized within a specific context in Study 3, respectively. Taken together, the three studies indicate that the personalized (vs. socialized) power concept increases (vs. decreases) self‐interested behavior and tolerance towards others' (especially high‐position others') corrupt practices.
The who and whom of help giving: An attributional model integrating the help giver and the help recipient
Authors: Tscharaktschiew Nadine 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the influence of responsibility, moral emotions, and empathy on help giving for stigmatized persons in need. Both characteristics of the recipient of help and the help giver are analyzed within a general theoretical framework. Based on an online study (N = 332), structural equation models confirm and extend an attributional explanation of help‐giving, based on a thinking‐feeling‐acting model. Conditions promoting help giving are identified: (i) A potential help giver who regards himself or herself as responsible for the recipient's misfortune is likely to experience guilt, regret, and shame, thus increasing the likelihood of help. (ii) A potential recipient of help who is regarded as being not responsible for his or her plight elicits sympathy and is thus more likely to receive help. In contrast, when the person in need is regarded as being responsible for his or her plight, anger and even schadenfreude are elicited, and likelihood of help giving decreases. (iii) Different aspects of empathy as a stable personal characteristic exert direct and indirect (i.e., emotionally mediated) effects on help giving. Using structural equation modeling, we outline an attributional model of helping conceptualizing helping behavior within an actor–observer system integrating a variety of moral emotions involved in help giving.
Neurocognitive Effects of Obesity and Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Spitznagel Mary Beth , Hawkins Misty , Alosco Michael , Galioto Rachel , Garcia Sarah , Miller Lindsay , Gunstad John 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis review paper will discuss the recent literature examining the relationship between obesity and neurocognitive outcomes, with a particular focus on cognitive changes after bariatric surgery. Obesity is now recognized as an independent risk factor for adverse neurocognitive outcomes, and severely obese persons appear to be at even greater risk. Bariatric surgery is associated with rapid improvements in cognitive function that persist for at least several years, although the mechanisms underlying these improvements are incompletely understood. Assessment of cognitive impairment in bariatric surgery patients is challenging, and improved methods are needed, as poorer performance on neuropsychological tests of memory and executive function leads to poorer clinical weight outcomes. In addition to its clinical importance, further study in this area will provide key insight into obesity‐related cognitive dysfunction and clarify the possibility of an obesity paradox for neurological outcomes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Histochemical evidence of β‐chitin in parapodial glandular organs and tubes of Spiophanes (Annelida, Sedentaria: Spionidae), and first studies on selected Annelida
Authors: Guggolz Theresa , Henne Stephan , Politi Yael , Schütz Roman , Mašić Admir , Müller Carsten H.G. , Meißner Karin 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTA generic character of the genus Spiophanes (Annelida, Sedentaria: Spionidae) is the presence of parapodial glandular organs. Parapodial glandular organs in Spiophanes species include secretory cells with cup‐shaped microvilli, similar to those present in deep‐sea inhabiting vestimentiferans and frenulate Siboglinidae. These cells are supposed to secrete β‐chitin for tube‐building. In this study, transverse histological and/or ultrathin sections of parapodial glandular organs and tubes of Spiophanes spp. as well as of Glandulospio orestes (Spionidae) and Owenia fusiformis (Oweniidae) were examined. Fluorescent markers together with confocal laser scanning microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to detect chitin in the parapodial glandular organs of Spiophanes and/or in the glands of Owenia and Glandulospio. Tubes of these taxa were tested for chitin to elucidate the use of it for tube‐building. The examinations revealed a distinct labelling of the gland contents. Raman spectroscopy documented the presence of β‐chitin in both gland types of Spiophanes. The tubes of Spiophanes were found to have a grid‐like structure that seems to be built with this β‐chitin. Tests of tubes of Dipolydora quadrilobata (Spionidae) for chitin were negative. However, the results of our study provide strong evidence that Spiophanes species, O. fusiformis and probably also G. orestes produce chitin and supposedly use it for tube‐building. This implies that the production of chitin and its use as a constituent part of tube‐building is more widespread among polychaetes as yet known. The histochemical data presented in this study support previous assumptions inferring homology of parapodial glandular organs of Spionidae and Siboglinidae based on ultrastructure. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy‐based evidence of secretory cells with nail‐headed microvilli in O. fusiformis suggests homology of parapodial grandular organs across annelids including Sipuncula. J. Morphol. 276:1433–1447, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sexual dimorphism in a trophically polymorphic cichlid fish?
Authors: Hulsey Christopher Darrin , García‐De León Francisco J. , Meyer Axel 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSexual dimorphism in ecologically relevant traits is ubiquitous in animals. However, other types of intraspecific phenotypic divergence, such as trophic polymorphism, are less common. Because linkage to sex should often lead to balancing selection, understanding the association between sex and phenotypic divergence could help explain why particular species show high morphological variability. To determine if sexual dimorphism could be helping to maintain ecomorphological variation in a classic case of intraspecific trophic polymorphism, we examined the association between sex and morphological divergence in the cichlid Herichthys minckleyi. Although H. minckleyi with enlarged molariform teeth on their pharyngeal jaws have been reported to more commonly be male, we did not find an association between sex and pharyngeal morphotype. Sex was associated with divergence in body size (as measured through standard length). But, sex was not associated with any of the other trophic traits examined. However, pharyngeal morphotype did show an association with gut length, gape, and tooth number. Sexual dimorphism is not playing a central role in enhancing trophic diversity within H. minckleyi. J. Morphol. 276:1448–1454, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
November seesaw in northern extratropical sea level pressure and its linkage to the preceding wintertime Arctic Oscillation
Authors: Choi Yeon‐Woo , Ahn Joong‐Bae , Kryjov Vladimir N. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the impact of the wintertime Arctic Oscillation (AO) on the following November circulation. The application of a set of statistical methods shows that a response of November sea level pressure (SLP) to the preceding wintertime AO operates on a hemispheric scale. At high and middle latitudes, this response is a well‐pronounced seesaw in SLP between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Winters of the positive AO polarity tend to be followed by positive SLP anomalies spanning the whole Northern Eurasia and negative SLP anomalies extending from the Bering Sea through the Western North Atlantic. Opposite SLP anomalies prevail after winters of the negative AO polarity. The response of November SLP to the preceding wintertime AO closely resembles the first empirical orthogonal function of November SLP. That is, the polarity of the wintertime AO precedes the polarity of the leading mode of variability of November SLP over the Northern Hemisphere. The wintertime AO exerts a 9‐month lag impact on November circulation due to the re‐emergence of a sea surface temperature anomaly over the western North Atlantic.
Peritendinous elastase treatment induces tendon degeneration in rats: A potential model of tendinopathy in vivo
Authors: Wu Yen‐Ting , Wu Po‐Ting , Jou I‐Ming 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of elastase on tendinopathy, as well as to evaluate the potential for peritendinous injections of elastase into rats to cause tendinopathy. We first investigated the expression of elastase in the tendons of patients with tendinopathy, and then established the effects of elastase injection on the Achilles tendons of rats. Ultrasonographic and incapacitance testing was used to conduct tests for 8 weeks. Tendon tissues were collected for histological observation and protein levels of collagen type I and type III were detected using Western blotting. The percentage of elastase‐positive cells increased in human specimens with grades II and III tendinopathy. The rat model demonstrated that the thickness of the tendon increased after elastase injection during Week 2–8. Hypercellularity and focal lesions were detected after Week 2. The expression of elastase was increased and elastin was decreased in Week 8. Collagen type I expression was decreased, but type III was increased in Week 4. These results suggested that elastase may be involved in the development of chronic tendinopathy, and that peritendinous injection of elastase may result in tendinopathy in rats. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:471–477, 2016.
Multi‐lineage differentiation and angiogenesis potentials of pigmented villonodular synovitis derived mesenchymal stem cells ‐ pathological implication
Authors: Chiang En‐Rung , Ma Hsiao‐Li , Wang Jung‐Pan , Liu Chien‐Lin , Chen Tain‐Hsiung , Hung Shih‐Chieh 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign tissue proliferation characterized by its hyper‐vascularity within the lesion. The true etiology and cell source of this disease entity still remain unclear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist in various tissues of human body. However, it has not been clarified whether MSCs could be isolated from tissue of PVNS. Here, we isolated MSCs from PVNS (PVNS‐SCs), and by comparing to the MSCs from normal synovium (Syn‐SCs) of the same individual, we investigated whether PVNS‐SCs differed in the capacity for multi‐differentiation and inducing angiogenesis. We first demonstrated that PVNS‐SCs existed in the lesion of PVNS of three individuals. Moreover, we showed PVNS‐SCs had better osteogenic differentiation potential than Syn‐SCs, whereas Syn‐SCs had better capacity for adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. By genome–wide analysis of gene expression profile using a complementary DNA microarray and comparing to Syn‐SCs, we identified in PVNS‐SCs a distinct gene expression profile characterized by up‐regulation of genes involved in angiogenesis. In vitro and in vivo studies further confirmed that PVNS‐SCs had better capacities for promoting angiogenesis. In summary, the identification of PVNS‐SCs in PVNS tissue and their distinct angiogenic potential may help elucidate the underlying etiology of this disease. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:395–403, 2016.
Estimating patient‐specific soft‐tissue properties in a TKA knee
Authors: Ewing Joseph A. , Kaufman Michelle K. , Hutter Erin E. , Granger Jeffrey F. , Beal Matthew D. , Piazza Stephen J. , Siston Robert A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSurgical technique is one factor that has been identified as critical to success of total knee arthroplasty. Researchers have shown that computer simulations can aid in determining how decisions in the operating room generally affect post‐operative outcomes. However, to use simulations to make clinically relevant predictions about knee forces and motions for a specific total knee patient, patient‐specific models are needed. This study introduces a methodology for estimating knee soft‐tissue properties of an individual total knee patient. A custom surgical navigation system and stability device were used to measure the force–displacement relationship of the knee. Soft‐tissue properties were estimated using a parameter optimization that matched simulated tibiofemoral kinematics with experimental tibiofemoral kinematics. Simulations using optimized ligament properties had an average root mean square error of 3.5° across all tests while simulations using generic ligament properties taken from literature had an average root mean square error of 8.4°. Specimens showed large variability among ligament properties regardless of similarities in prosthetic component alignment and measured knee laxity. These results demonstrate the importance of soft‐tissue properties in determining knee stability, and suggest that to make clinically relevant predictions of post‐operative knee motions and forces using computer simulations, patient‐specific soft‐tissue properties are needed. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:435–443, 2016.
Toroidal dipole‐induced transparency in core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Jianfa , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe scattering of nanoparticles plays a profound role in the recently flourishing fields of plasmonics and metamaterials. However, current investigations into nanoparticle scattering are based on the electric and magnetic resonances only, where their toroidal counterparts are usually not considered. The inclusion of toroidal terms can render new explanations for some fundamental scattering properties and thus may stimulate further breakthroughs in both scattering‐related basic researches and applications. Here we revisit the most fundamental problem of Mie scattering by individual spherical nanoparticles and show that compared to conventional interpretations in terms of electric and magnetic responses, the roles played by their toroidal counterparts are indispensable. Based on the demonstration of efficient toroidal dipole excitation in homogeneous dielectric particles, we reveal that the extensively studied scattering transparencies of core–shell nanoparticles can actually be classified into two categories: (i) the trivial transparency with no effective multipole excitations and (ii) the non‐trivial transparency induced by the destructive interferences of excited electric and toroidal multipoles. The incorporation of toroidal multipoles offers new insights into the study of nanoparticle scattering in both near and far fields, which may shed new light on many applications, such as biosensing, imaging, nanoantennas, photovoltaic devices, and so on.
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Development and Applications of Lectins as Biological Tools in Biomedical Research
Authors: Dan Xiuli , Liu Wenlong , Ng Tzi Bun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAs a new and burgeoning area following genomics and proteomics, glycomics has become a hot issue due to its pivotal roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Glycans are much more complicated than genes or proteins since glycans are highly branched and dynamic. Antibodies and lectins are the two major molecular tools applied for glycan profiling. Though the study of antibodies and lectins started at almost the same time in 1880s, lectins gained much less attention than the antibodies until recent decades when the importance and difficulties of glycomics were realized. The present review summarizes the discovery history of lectins and their biological functions with a special emphasis on their various applications as biological tools. Both older techniques that had been developed in the last century and new technologies developed in recent years, especially lectin microarrays and lectin‐based biosensors, are included in this account.
A Prospective Cohort Quality Improvement Study to Reduce the Time to Antibiotics for New Fever in Neutropenic Pediatric Oncology Inpatients
Authors: Green Adam L. , Yi Joanna , Bezler Natalie , Pikman Yana , Tubman Venée N. , Obeng Esther A. , O'Neil Teresa , Mersereau Robert , Morrissey Lisa , Billett Amy L. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundFever and neutropenia (F&N) is a pediatric oncology emergency due to the risk of disseminated infection. Quality improvement (QI) efforts to improve time to antibiotics for F&N in the emergency department have been documented, but the issue has not been studied in the established inpatient setting.ProcedureWe undertook a prospective cohort QI study to decrease time to antibiotics for neutropenic pediatric oncology inpatients with new fever to <60 min. Our key intervention was discussion of a plan in case of new fever, including antibiotic(s) to be started, for each patient on rounds. Timing for each step in the process, from fever identification to antibiotic administration, was measured through the electronic medical record for each fever event.ResultsThe median time to antibiotics during the 3‐three month intervention study period was 76.0 min, although the distribution was skewed due to several long outliers (mean 142.5, interquartile range 51–206, range 47–593 min). Time to antibiotics was significantly shorter when a fever contingency plan was documented in the most recent note than not (mean 102 vs. 254 min, P = 0.039). Over the total 2.75 year data‐collection period, the quarterly percentage of patients receiving antibiotics within 60 min has improved from 35 to 65, whereas quarterly mean time to antibiotics has improved from 99 to 50 min.ConclusionsDaily discussion of a fever contingency plan appears effective in decreasing the time to antibiotics for neutropenic pediatric oncology inpatients with new fever, likely by circumventing the need for multi‐level discussion of the antibiotic plan when fever is identified. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 9999:XX–XX © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.