bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiografía de la urbe
Authors: Schlickers Sabine 
Published: January 2014

En los últimos años, la segregación y la gentrificación han aumentado en muchas metrópolis. Enfocaré la configuración estética de Buenos Aires en el nuevo milenio en textos literarios narrativos de Carlos Gamerro, Daniel Guebel, Sergio Olguín, Pola Oloixarac, Claudia Piñeiro y Guillermo Saccomanno y en la película « El hombre de al lado ». En este recorrido literario por la metrópolis se destacan sitios topográficos recurrentes como Puerto Madero y los countries que son, en términos de Foucault, heterotopías de compensación, espacios nuevos presuntamente perfectos y bien ordenados, opuestos en todo a las carencias de la gran ciudad. La literatura destruye este idilio heterotópico sin piedad y ahonda en la violencia, en lo paradójico y ambiguo de lo urbano, invirtiendo las relaciones tópicas de « civilización y barbarie ».
De neuróticos urbanos modernos
Authors: Gunia Inke 
Published: January 2014

« La expectativa : estar a la espera de algo. Vivir en la víspera. [...] Y después el descenso » – esta es la balanza triste de la vida de Jonathan, protagonista de la novela La expectativa del argentino Damián Tabarovsky (*1967). En los años de la hiperinflación, a finales de los 80, Jonathan, de la clase media bonaerense, alcanza alguna fortuna con la especulación monetaria hasta que con la crisis económica pierde todo, sus bienes materiales y su prestigio social en el barrio Villa del Parque. El lector le acompaña en esta situación de desarraigo vagando sin destino por las calles de Buenos Aires. Otra caída se narra en la novela autoficcional Autobiografía médica, cuyo protagonista, Dami, es sociólogo en una empresa consultora especializada en medios de comunicación. En el artículo se analizarán la relación entre la ciudad y sus dos protagonistas de quienes uno en su largo descenso va perdiendo la capacidad de percibirse como parte de su medio ambiente y el otro debe reconocer que su vida está « atrapada por el principio binario y radical de la repetición y la banalidad » y « escapaba […] de toda expectativa ». Para las dos historias Tabarovsky eligió situaciones narrativas muy particulares.
La crisis de la identidad en el relato histórico
Authors: Abbate Florencia 
Published: January 2014

Este artículo analiza La ocasión de Juan José Saer, centrándose en el modo en que se vincula con los paradigmas genéricos de la novela realista y de la novela histórica y en cómo, a su vez, transgrede las convenciones de dichos paradigmas. Para ello, se indagan las relaciones transtextuales que la novela establece con el tomo La prisionera de Proust, especialmente a partir del tratamiento de su tema principal : los celos. De allí se desprende la idea de una crisis de la identidad del sujeto, que luego se retoma al examinar La ocasión como posible representación de los orígenes de la patria y la identidad nacional argentina. En esa línea, se extraen conclusiones sobre su carácter pesimista e irónico y se la compara con figuraciones del mismo tema en Martínez Estrada y en Borges.
Uma morada no futuro do pretérito
Authors: Malloy Letícia , Pelinser André Tessaro 
Published: January 2014

Este ensaio objetiva desenvolver considerações acerca do conto « El gaucho insufrible », de Roberto Bolaño, concentrando-se no diálogo entre este texto literário e os processos de construção cultural e histórica da figura gauchesca. O estudo procura problematizar as disjunções existentes entre o gaucho factual, isto é, o sujeito encontrado no plano da experiência, e seus pretensos correspondentes textuais, cuja legitimidade ou verossimilhança encontra assento na narrativa histórica, na narrativa literária e em outros suportes que participam do fomento às tradições e da constituição de referenciais identitários. A fim de analisar o percurso do protagonista de « El gaucho insufrible », que se desloca da cidade de Buenos Aires rumo aos pampas em razão de uma grave crise socioeconômica e política que se instaura na Argentina, o ensaio adota como ponto de partida as reflexões apresentadas por Adolfo Bioy Casares na obra Memoria sobre la pampa y los gauchos.
Los Angeles dans Mulholland Drive de David Lynch
Authors: Chilaud Florence , Delassalle Martin , Le Gallou Aude , Guinard Pauline 
Published: January 2014

Los Angeles est connu pour être la ville du cinéma et l’archétype de la ville de la postmodernité qui, comme théorisé par l'Ecole de Los Angeles, est fragmentée à la fois socialement et spatialement. Face à ce double constat et à l'heure où le cinéma devient un objet d'étude à part entière de la géographie, tant culturelle qu’urbaine, il nous a semblé pertinent d'étudier Los Angeles au prisme d'une œuvre cinématographique. Mulholland Drive de David Lynch (2001) est particulièrement intéressant pour notre propos parce qu’en mobilisant un ensemble de références filmiques et spatiales du rêve hollywoodien, il donne à voir de façon postmoderne cette ville de la postmodernité : à travers les subjectivités de ses personnages, le réalisateur déconstruit le mythe pour montrer l'envers du décor. Par un jeu constant sur les lieux et la perte de repères, D. Lynch fait émerger un autre Los Angeles : loin du cadre idyllique et factice des studios, la ville apparaît comme insaisissable et invivable, en écho à la ville agonisante des théories postmodernes. Pourtant, la tension dynamique générée par les identités mouvantes des protagonistes, cette tension inhérente à la désorganisation spatiale de la ville et malgré tout unificatrice, fait encore tenir Los Angeles.
Sauvage civilité ou civilité sauvage
Authors: Gomes André Luís 
Published: January 2014

Dans Qu’il était bon mon petit Français, film sorti en 1970, Nelson Pereira dos Santos, à partir d’une vision historique coloniale, se base pour son script sur le journal de Hans Staden, mais le recrée en un récit satirique qui se situe entre le documentaire et la fiction. Ce qui nous intéresse, dans cet article, est d’identifier la manière dont le film, à travers les images et le récit lui-même, propose différentes approches de penser les coutumes indigènes, en tenant compte non seulement de la pratique cannibale des Tupinambas, mais aussi de la capacité d’interaction et de coexistence des groupes indigènes avec les « étrangers », le Français et le Portugais. À cet égard, nous aurons recours, de façon panoramique, à des textes littéraires et picturaux pour analyser les développements de la thématique indigéniste dans le but de vérifier la manière dont ils se présentent dans le film Qu’il était bon mon petit Français et réduire le champ d’analyse, pour mettre en valeur, dans une scène spécifique, les procédés ludiques, métaphoriques et théâtraux pour représenter l’assimilation mutuelle de la culture indigène et européenne ainsi que la manière dont l’idée de sauvagerie et de citoyenneté sont (re)construites.
Being Mexican: Identity, Location, and Rosa Nissán (I)
Authors: Eli Gardner Nathanial 
Published: January 2014

Mexican writer Rosa Nissán launched her literary career with two autobiographical novels, Novia que te vea and Hisho que te nazca. Her texts foreground the search for identity and belonging of the protagonist Oshinica, the daughter of Jewish immigrants in Mexico City. This study is the first of four that, together, make up the book Being Mexican : Identity, Location, and Rosa Nissán. Over the course of these four instalments questions about notions of being, hybrid identity, marginalization, narrative (visual and written), and changing spaces are considered from the vantage point of Nissán’s novels. Just as this publishing method (in instalments) for this book-length narrative is an innovation rescued from the past which has been put to use to affront new challenges, Nissán’s narratives attempt to bridge past and present to negotiate a viable vision of the future.
Identification of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor HIF-1A as Transcriptional Regulator of the A2B Adenosine Receptor during Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Eckle Tobias , Kewley Emily M. , Brodsky Kelley S. , Tak Eunyoung , Bonney Stephanie , Gobel Merit , Anderson Devon , Glover Louise E. , Riegel Ann K. , Colgan Sean P. , Eltzschig Holger K. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Although acute lung injury (ALI) contributes significantly to critical illness, resolution often occurs spontaneously through endogenous pathways. We recently found that mechanical ventilation increases levels of pulmonary adenosine, a signaling molecule known to attenuate lung inflammation. In this study, we hypothesized a contribution of transcriptionally controlled pathways to pulmonary adenosine receptor (ADOR) signaling during ALI. We gained initial insight from microarray analysis of pulmonary epithelia exposed to conditions of cyclic mechanical stretch, a mimic for ventilation-induced lung disease. Surprisingly, these studies revealed a selective induction of the ADORA2B. Using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, we confirmed an up to 9-fold induction of the ADORA2B following cyclic mechanical stretch (A549, Calu-3, or human primary alveolar epithelial cells). Studies using ADORA2B promoter constructs identified a prominent region within the ADORA2B promoter conveying stretch responsiveness. This region of the promoter contained a binding site for the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1. Additional studies using site-directed mutagenesis or transcription factor binding assays demonstrated a functional role for HIF-1 in stretch-induced increases of ADORA2B expression. Moreover, studies of ventilator-induced lung injury revealed induction of the ADORA2B during ALI in vivo that was abolished following HIF inhibition or genetic deletion of Hif1a. Together, these studies implicate HIF in the transcriptional control of pulmonary adenosine signaling during ALI.
Mannan-Binding Protein, a C-Type Serum Lectin, Recognizes Primary Colorectal Carcinomas through Tumor-Associated Lewis Glycans
Authors: Nonaka Motohiro , Imaeda Hirotsugu , Matsumoto Shogo , Yong Ma Bruce , Kawasaki Nobuko , Mekata Eiji , Andoh Akira , Saito Yasuharu , Tani Tohru , Fujiyama Yoshihide , Kawasaki Toshisuke 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Mannan (mannose)-binding protein (MBP) is a C-type serum lectin that plays a key role in innate immunity. MBP forms large multimers (200–600 kDa) and exhibits broad specificity for mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, and fucose. MBP exhibits high affinity for unique oligosaccharides that have been isolated from human colorectal carcinoma (SW1116) cells and characterized as highly fucosylated high m.w. type 1 Lewis glycans. In this study, we first demonstrated that MBP recognizes human primary colorectal carcinoma tissues through tumor-associated MBP ligands. We performed fluorescence-based histochemistry of MBP in human colorectal carcinoma tissues and showed that MBP clearly stained cancer mucosae in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Coincubation with plant (Aleuria aurantia) lectin, but not Con A, blocked MBP staining, indicating that fucose, rather than mannose, is involved in this interaction. The expression of MBP ligands was detected in 127 of 330 patients (38.5%), whereas, most significantly, there was no expression in 69 nonmalignant tissues. The MBP-staining pattern in cancer mucosae significantly overlapped with that of Lewis b [Fucα1-2Galβ1-3(Fucα1-4)GlcNAc] staining, but the Lewis b staining in normal tissues was not associated with MBP staining. In addition, the MBP staining correlated inversely with the expression of CA19-9 Ag, and MBP stained 11 of 25 (44%) CA19-9 (sialyl Lewis a [NeuAc(α2-3)Galβ1-3(Fucα1-4)GlcNAc])− colorectal carcinoma tissues. We found a favorable prognosis in patients with MBP ligand+ tumors. These results suggest that selective recognition of cancer cells by endogenous MBP seems to be associated with an antitumor effect and that tissue staining with MBP in combination with CA19-9 may serve as a novel indicator of colorectal carcinoma tissues.
Activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Macrophages Regulates Cytokine Production and Experimental Colitis
Authors: Lu Ning , Wang Lihong , Cao Hailong , Liu Liping , Van Kaer Luc , Washington Mary K. , Rosen Michael J. , Dubé Philip E. , Wilson Keith T. , Ren Xiubao , Hao Xishan , Polk D. Brent , Yan Fang 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Macrophages regulate innate immunity to maintain intestinal homeostasis and play pathological roles in intestinal inflammation. Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) promotes cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival, and wound closure in several cell types. However, the impact of EGFR in macrophages remains unclear. This study was to investigate whether EGFR activation in macrophages regulates cytokine production and intestinal inflammation. We found that EGFR was activated in colonic macrophages in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced colitis and in patients with ulcerative colitis. DSS-induced acute colitis was ameliorated, and recovery from colitis was promoted in Egfrfl/flLysM-Cre mice with myeloid cell–specific deletion of EGFR, compared with LysM-Cre mice. DSS treatment increased IL-10 and TNF levels during the acute phase of colitis, and increased IL-10 but reduced TNF levels during the recovery phase in Egfrfl/flLysM-Cre mice. An anti–IL-10 neutralizing Ab abolished these effects of macrophage-specific EGFR deletion on DSS-induced colitis in Egfrfl/flLysM-Cre mice. LPS stimulated EGFR activation and inhibition of EGFR kinase activity enhanced LPS-stimulated NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, induction of IL-10 production by EGFR kinase-blocked RAW 264.7 cells, in response to LPS plus IFN-γ, correlated with decreased TNF production. Thus, although selective deletion of EGFR in macrophages leads to increases in both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to inflammatory stimuli, the increase in the IL-10 level plays a role in suppressing proinflammatory cytokine production, resulting in protection of mice from intestinal inflammation. These results reveal an integrated response of macrophages regulated by EGFR in intestinal inflammatory disorders.
Engulfment of Apoptotic Cells by Macrophages: A Role of MicroRNA-21 in the Resolution of Wound Inflammation
Authors: Das Amitava , Ganesh Kasturi , Khanna Savita , Sen Chandan K. , Roy Sashwati 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
At an injury site, efficient clearance of apoptotic cells by wound macrophages or efferocytosis is a prerequisite for the timely resolution of inflammation. Emerging evidence indicates that microRNA-21 (miR-21) may regulate the inflammatory response. In this work, we sought to elucidate the significance of miR-21 in the regulation of efferocytosis-mediated suppression of innate immune response, a key process implicated in resolving inflammation following injury. An increased expression of inducible miR-21 was noted in postefferocytotic peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. Such induction of miR-21 was associated with silencing of its target genes PTEN and PDCD4. Successful efferocytosis of apoptotic cells by monocyte-derived macrophages resulted in the suppression of LPS-induced NF-κB activation and TNF-α expression. Interestingly, bolstering of miR-21 levels alone, using miR mimic, resulted in significant suppression of LPS-induced TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation. We report that efferocytosis-induced miR-21, by silencing PTEN and GSK3β, tempers the LPS-induced inflammatory response. Macrophage efferocytosis is known to trigger the release of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This study demonstrates that following successful efferocytosis, miR-21 induction in macrophages silences PDCD4, favoring c-Jun–AP-1 activity, which in turn results in elevated production of anti-inflammatory IL-10. In summary, this work provides direct evidence implicating miRNA in the process of turning on an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the postefferocytotic macrophage. Elevated macrophage miR-21 promotes efferocytosis and silences target genes PTEN and PDCD4, which in turn accounts for a net anti-inflammatory phenotype. Findings of this study highlight the significance of miRs in the resolution of wound inflammation.
The SOCS3-Independent Expression of IDO2 Supports the Homeostatic Generation of T Regulatory Cells by Human Dendritic Cells
Authors: Trabanelli Sara , Očadlíková Darina , Ciciarello Marilena , Salvestrini Valentina , Lecciso Mariangela , Jandus Camilla , Metz Richard , Evangelisti Cecilia , Laury-Kleintop Lisa , Romero Pedro , Prendergast George C. , Curti Antonio , Lemoli Roberto M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs that have a role in the initiation of adaptive immune responses and tolerance. Among the tolerogenic mechanisms, the expression of the enzyme IDO1 represents an effective tool to generate T regulatory cells. In humans, different DC subsets express IDO1, but less is known about the IDO1-related enzyme IDO2. In this study, we found a different pattern of expression and regulation between IDO1 and IDO2 in human circulating DCs. At the protein level, IDO1 is expressed only in circulating myeloid DCs (mDCs) and is modulated by PGE2, whereas IDO2 is expressed in both mDCs and plasmacytoid DCs and is not modulated by PGE2. In healthy subjects, IDO1 expression requires the presence of PGE2 and needs continuous transcription and translation, whereas IDO2 expression is constitutive, independent from suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 activity. Conversely, in patients suffering from inflammatory arthritis, circulating DCs express both IDO1 and IDO2. At the functional level, both mDCs and plasmacytoid DCs generate T regulatory cells through an IDO1/IDO2-dependent mechanism. We conclude that, in humans, whereas IDO1 provides an additional mechanism of tolerance induced by proinflammatory mediators, IDO2 is stably expressed in steady-state conditions and may contribute to the homeostatic tolerogenic capacity of DCs.
An Alternative Splicing Isoform of MITA Antagonizes MITA-Mediated Induction of Type I IFNs
Authors: Chen Honghe , Pei Rongjuan , Zhu Wandi , Zeng Rui , Wang Yun , Wang Yanyi , Lu Mengji , Chen Xinwen 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Mediator of IFN regulatory transcription factor 3 activation (MITA) is an important adaptor protein to mediate the induction of type I IFNs. In this study, we identified an alternatively spliced isoform of MITA lacking exon 7, termed MITA-related protein (MRP). MRP shares the N-terminal portion aa 1–253 with MITA but possesses a unique 30-aa sequence at the carboxyl terminal part, therefore lacking the conserved domains including TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and cyclic diguanylate binding domain. MRP is expressed in multiple tissues and distinct cell lines. Overexpression of MRP inhibited MITA-mediated activation of IFN-β promoter by sendai virus infection and cyclic diguanylate treatment but enhanced that in HSV-1 infection. Interestingly, MRP expression was reduced after Sendai virus infection but was upregulated after HSV-1 infection. Overexpression of MRP inhibited MITA-mediated induction of IFN-β via TBK1-IFN regulatory transcription factor 3 by disrupting the MITA-TBK1 interaction. However, NF-κB pathway was still activated by MRP, as MRP retained the ability to interact with inducible inhibitor of NF-κB (iκB) kinase. Thus, MRP acts as a dominant negative regulator of MITA-mediated induction of IFN production.
A Novel Mitochondrial MAVS/Caspase-8 Platform Links RNA Virus–Induced Innate Antiviral Signaling to Bax/Bak-Independent Apoptosis
Authors: El Maadidi Souhayla , Faletti Laura , Berg Birgit , Wenzl Christin , Wieland Katrin , Chen Zhijian J. , Maurer Ulrich , Borner Christoph 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Semliki Forest virus (SFV) requires RNA replication and Bax/Bak for efficient apoptosis induction. However, cells lacking Bax/Bak continue to die in a caspase-dependent manner. In this study, we show in both mouse and human cells that this Bax/Bak-independent pathway involves dsRNA-induced innate immune signaling via mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) and caspase-8. Bax/Bak-deficient or Bcl-2– or Bcl-xL–overexpressing cells lacking MAVS or caspase-8 expression are resistant to SFV-induced apoptosis. The signaling pathway triggered by SFV does neither involve death receptors nor the classical MAVS effectors TNFR-associated factor-2, IRF-3/7, or IFN-β but the physical interaction of MAVS with caspase-8 on mitochondria in a FADD-independent manner. Consistently, caspase-8 and -3 activation are reduced in MAVS-deficient cells. Thus, after RNA virus infection MAVS does not only elicit a type I antiviral response but also recruits caspase-8 to mitochondria to mediate caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in a Bax/Bak-independent manner.
MicroRNA-155 and MicroRNA-21 Promote the Expansion of Functional Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Li Limin , Zhang Jing , Diao Wenli , Wang Dong , Wei Yao , Zhang Chen-Yu , Zen Ke 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are one of the main cell populations that negatively regulate immune responses. However, the mechanism underlying the expansion of MDSC remains unclear. Using miRNA microarray and TaqMan probe–based quantitative RT-PCR assay, we identified microRNA (miR)-155 and miR-21 as the two most upregulated miRNAs during the induction of MDSC from the bone marrow cells by GM-CSF and IL-6. High levels of miR-155 and miR-21 also were detected in bone marrow and spleen MDSC isolated from tumor-bearing mice. Our results also showed that TGF-β promoted the induction of MDSC through upregulating miR-155 and miR-21 expression. Overexpression of miR-155 and miR-21 enhanced whereas depletion of miR-155 and miR-21 reduced the frequencies of cytokine-induced MDSC. Subpopulation analysis indicated that miR-21 and miR-155 induced the expansion of both monocytic and granulocytic MDSC. Furthermore, miR-155 and miR-21 showed a synergistic effect on MDSC induction via targeting SHIP-1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog, respectively, leading to STAT3 activation. Finally, dexamethasone treatment strongly enhanced MDSC expansion through upregulating miR-155 and miR-21 expression, and the effect of dexamethasone on MDSC induction was abolished by depleting cellular miR-155 and miR-21. These results demonstrate a novel miR-155/miR-21–based regulatory mechanism that modulates functional MDSC induction.
The (1→6)-β-Glucan Moiety Represents a Cross-Reactive Epitope of Infection-Induced Malignancy Surveillance
Authors: Dong Hongliang , Dai Hui , Hu Xiaomin , Xiong Si-Dong , Gao Xiao-Ming 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Exposure to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by vaccination or infection is known to have beneficial effects on neoplastic diseases, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are so far unclear. In this article, we report that Abs against (1→6)-β-d-glucan, a typical microbial PAMP and a major target for high titer circulating natural Abs in healthy human subjects, cross-recognize a novel tumor-associated carbohydrate Ag on cancer cells. The (1→6)-β-glucan cross-reactive moiety is immunologically dominant in tumor cells, as C57BL/6 mice harboring EL-4 solid tumors produced anti-(1→6)-β-glucan Abs and the titer of which significantly correlated with enhanced survival and smaller tumor burden. Moreover, the (1→6)-β-glucan–specific Abs exhibited potent tumoricidal activities in vitro. C57BL/6 mice immunized with Candida albicans produced protective immunity against inoculated EL-4 tumors, which was attributed to the formation of (1→6)-β-glucan–specific Abs. Importantly, (1→6)-β-glucan–specific Abs significantly prolonged the survival and reduced the tumor size in mice inoculated with EL-4 tumors. Our results demonstrate that the (1→6)-β-glucan cross-reactive moiety represents a focal point between infection immunity and cancer surveillance, and natural Abs against this epitope may contribute to the first-line antitumor surveillance in humans. Our data also provide important explanation for the long-observed relationship between feverish infection and concurrent remission from cancer.