bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic nasal versus open approach for the management of sinonasal adenocarcinoma: A pooled‐analysis of 1826 patients
Authors: Meccariello Giuseppe , Deganello Alberto , Choussy Olivier , Gallo Oreste , Vitali Daniele , De Raucourt Dominique , Georgalas Christos 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundSurgical resection represents the gold standard for the treatment of sinonasal malignancies. This study reviewed the published outcomes on endoscopic surgery or endoscopic‐assisted surgery versus open approach for the management of sinonasal adenocarcinomas.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and CENTRAL electronic databases were searched for English language articles on endoscopic surgery, endoscopic‐assisted surgery, and open approach for sinonasal adenocarcinomas. Each article was examined for patient data and outcomes for analysis.ResultsThirty‐nine articles including 1826 patients were used for the analysis. The endoscopic surgery and endoscopic‐assisted surgery showed low rates of major complications (6.6% and 25.9%, respectively) compared to open approaches (36.4%; p < .01). The incidence of local failure was lower in the endoscopic surgery group as compared with open approach patients (17.8% vs 38.5%; p < .01, respectively). The multivariate Cox regression model showed a worst overall survival related to advanced T classification and open approach.ConclusionFrom the existing body of data, there is growing evidence that endoscopic nasal resection is a safe surgical option in the management of sinonasal adenocarcinomas. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Head Neck 38: E2267–E2274, 2016
Humic analog AQDS can act as a selective inhibitor to enable anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria to outcompete sulfate‐reducing bacteria under microaerobic conditions
Authors: Wang Xingzu , Cheng Xiang , Ren Yiwei , Xu Guihua , Tang Jing 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (APB) process is considered the most promising candidate for cost‐effective wastewater treatment and resource recovery. One major problem in the APB process with sulfate‐containing wastewater is the overgrowth of sulfate‐reducing bacteria. In this study, the humic analog anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulfonate (AQDS) was used to selectively inhibit sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) in an SRB and APB coculture.RESULTSThe addition of 1.0 mmol L−1 AQDS to the SRB and APB coculture resulted in significant decreases in the amount of SRB and the sulfide concentration, whereas the number of APB increased from 3.7 × 103 to 3.1 × 108 CFU mL−1. A high concentration of AQDS negatively affected the growth of both SRB and APB but more strongly inhibited the growth of SRB. The inhibition of SRB by AQDS relies on an electron donor and is enhanced by illumination. AQDS treatment at 1.0 mmol L−1 induced significant membrane depolarization and superoxide production in SRB cells but not in APB cells, and this may be responsible for the selective inhibition of SRB in the coculture.CONCLUSIONAt appropriate concentrations, AQDS can decrease the concentration of sulfide and induce oxidative stress for SRB, effectively allowing APB to out‐compete SRB under microaerobic conditions. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrastructure of the fetal membranes of the oviparous kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula (Colubridae) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Kim Young K. , Blackburn Daniel G. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn reptilian sauropsids, fetal (extraembryonic) membranes that line the eggshell sustain developing embryos by providing for gas exchange and uptake of water and eggshell calcium. However, a scarcity of morphological studies hinders an understanding of functional specializations and their evolution. In kingsnakes (Lampropeltis getula), scanning electron microscopy reveals two major fetal membranes: the chorioallantois and yolk sac omphalopleure. In early development, the chorioallantois contains tall chorionic epithelial cells, avascular connective tissue, and enlarged allantoic epithelial cells. During its maturation, the chorionic and allantoic epithelia thin dramatically and become underlain by a rich network of allantoic capillaries, yielding a membrane ideally suited for respiratory gas exchange. Yolk sac development initially is like that of typical lizards and snakes, forming an avascular omphalopleure, isolated yolk mass (IYM), and yolk cleft. However, unlike the situation in most squamates studied, the omphalopleure becomes transformed into a “secondary chorioallantois” via three asynchronous events: flattening of the epithelium, regression of the IYM, and vascularization by the allantois. Progressive expansion of chorioallantois parallels growing embryonic needs for gas exchange. In early through mid‐development, external surfaces of both the chorionic and omphalopleure epithelium show an abundance of irregular surface protrusions that possibly increase surface area for water absorption. We postulate that the hypertrophied allantoic epithelial cells produce allantoic fluid, a viscous substance that facilitates water uptake and storage. Our findings are consistent with a previous study on the corn snake Pantherophis guttatus, but include new observations and novel functional hypotheses relevant to a reconstruction of basal squamate patterns. J. Morphol. 276:1467–1481, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of osteoarthritis grade on molecular signature of human cartilage
Authors: Zhou Shuanhu , Thornhill Thomas S. , Meng Fangang , Xie Li , Wright John , Glowacki Julie 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTArticular chondrocytes maintain cartilage matrix turnover and have the capacity for anabolic and catabolic activities that can be influenced by injury and disease. This study tested the hypothesis that catabolic genes are upregulated with regional osteoarthritis (OA) disease severity within a joint. With IRB approval, specimens of knee cartilage obtained as discarded tissues from subjects undergoing arthroplasty were partitioned for each subject by OA disease severity and evaluated for gene expression by RT‐PCR. There was regional OA grade‐associated upregulation of expected inflammatory mediators TNF‐α, TNF receptors, IFN‐γ, and interleukins as well as genes encoding proteolytic enzymes, including Adamts‐5 and MMPs. Osteoclast‐related genes, cathepsin K, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), RANKL, RANK, M‐CSF, and c‐fms, but not osteoprotegerin, were induced in advanced grades. In vitro treatment of normal human chondrocytes with interleukin‐1β upregulated similar genes; this provides evidence that chondrocytes per se can be the source of osteoclast‐related factors. Immunohistochemical staining showed that RANK‐ and RANKL‐positive cells were abundant in advanced grades, especially in chondrocyte clusters. This suggests a possible autocrine mechanism by which an osteoclast phenotype is induced in articular chondrocytes. In sum, these studies identified gene expression signatures in human OA cartilage based upon regional disease severity within a joint. There was an effect of OA Grade on expression of osteoclastic lytic enzymes and regulatory factors in human articular chondrocytes. Induction of an osteoclast‐like phenotype in chondrocytes may be part of OA progression and suggests specific therapeutic approaches. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:454–462, 2016.
Heat accumulation during sequential cortical bone drilling
Authors: Palmisano Andrew C. , Tai Bruce L. , Belmont Barry , Irwin Todd A. , Shih Albert , Holmes James R. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTSignificant research exists regarding heat production during single‐hole bone drilling. No published data exist regarding repetitive sequential drilling. This study elucidates the phenomenon of heat accumulation for sequential drilling with both Kirschner wires (K wires) and standard two‐flute twist drills. It was hypothesized that cumulative heat would result in a higher temperature with each subsequent drill pass. Nine holes in a 3 × 3 array were drilled sequentially on moistened cadaveric tibia bone kept at body temperature (about 37°C). Four thermocouples were placed at the center of four adjacent holes and 2 mm below the surface. A battery‐driven hand drill guided by a servo‐controlled motion system was used. Six samples were drilled with each tool (2.0 mm K wire and 2.0 and 2.5 mm standard drills). K wire drilling increased temperature from 5°C at the first hole to 20°C at holes 6 through 9. A similar trend was found in standard drills with less significant increments. The maximum temperatures of both tools increased from <0.5°C to nearly 13°C. The difference between drill sizes was found to be insignificant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, heat accumulated during sequential drilling, with size difference being insignificant. K wire produced more heat than its twist‐drill counterparts. This study has demonstrated the heat accumulation phenomenon and its significant effect on temperature. Maximizing the drilling field and reducing the number of drill passes may decrease bone injury. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:463–470, 2016.
Local effects of human PCSK9 on the atherosclerotic lesion
Authors: Giunzioni Ilaria , Tavori Hagai , Covarrubias Roman , Major Amy S , Ding Lei , Zhang Youmin , DeVay Rachel M , Hong Liang , Fan Daping , Predazzi Irene M , Rashid Shirya , Linton MacRae F , Fazio Sergio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) promotes atherosclerosis by increasing low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels through degradation of hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR). Studies have described the systemic effects of PCSK9 on atherosclerosis, but whether PCSK9 has local and direct effects on the plaque is unknown. To study the local effect of human PCSK9 (hPCSK9) on atherosclerotic lesion composition, independently of changes in serum cholesterol levels, we generated chimeric mice expressing hPCSK9 exclusively from macrophages, using marrow from hPCSK9 transgenic (hPCSK9tg) mice transplanted into apoE−/− and LDLR−/− mice, which were then placed on a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. We further characterized the effect of hPCSK9 expression on the inflammatory responses in the spleen and by mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) in vitro. We found that MPMs from transgenic mice express both murine (m) Pcsk9 and hPCSK9 and that the latter reduces macrophage LDLR and LRP1 surface levels. We detected hPCSK9 in the serum of mice transplanted with hPCSK9tg marrow, but did not influence lipid levels or atherosclerotic lesion size. However, marrow‐derived PCSK9 progressively accumulated in lesions of apoE−/− recipient mice, while increasing the infiltration of Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes by 32% compared with controls. Expression of hPCSK9 also increased CD11b‐ and Ly6Chi‐positive cell numbers in spleens of apoE−/− mice. In vitro, expression of hPCSK9 in LPS‐stimulated macrophages increased mRNA levels of the pro‐inflammatory markers Tnf and Il1b (40% and 45%, respectively) and suppressed those of the anti‐inflammatory markers Il10 and Arg1 (30% and 44%, respectively). All PCSK9 effects were LDLR‐dependent, as PCSK9 protein was not detected in lesions of LDLR−/− recipient mice and did not affect macrophage or splenocyte inflammation. In conclusion, PCSK9 directly increases atherosclerotic lesion inflammation in an LDLR‐dependent but cholesterol‐independent mechanism, suggesting that therapeutic PCSK9 inhibition may have vascular benefits secondary to LDL reduction. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of point defects on the phonon thermal conductivity and phonon density of states of Bi2Te3
Authors: Bedoya‐Martínez O. N. , Hashibon A. , Elsässer C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAbstractauthoren The influence of point defects on the lattice thermal conductivity and vibrational properties of BiTe were studied by using equilibrium and non‐equilibrium molecular‐dynamics simulations. Three types of point defects at various concentrations were considered, namely Bi and Te vacancies and Bi anti‐sites. It is shown that point defects can result in a reduction of up to 80% of the bulk thermal conductivity. A detailed analysis of the phonon density of states (PDOS) of the studied systems is provided. Element (Bi or Te) and orientation (in‐plane or cross‐plane) resolved PDOS were calculated.In agreement with experimental observations and other simulations, features in the PDOS were identified with specific atomic and orientation contributions. Systems containing point defects exhibit a broadening of the PDOS peaks as the defect concentration increases, which is due to the disorder induced by the defects. Such disorder leads to a higher phonon scattering and thus to a lower lattice thermal conductivity. Tuning the point defect type and concentrations during growth may, therefore, provide a route for optimizing BiTe based thermoelectric devices.
The changing water cycle: climatic and socioeconomic drivers of water‐related changes in the Andes of Peru
Authors: Drenkhan Fabian , Carey Mark , Huggel Christian , Seidel Jochen , Oré María Teresa 
Published: September 2015

Water resources in high mountains play a fundamental role for societies and ecosystems both locally and downstream. Impacts of global change, including climate change, glacier shrinkage, and socioeconomic forces related to demographics, agroindustrial development, and hydroelectricity generation; pose new hydrological risks for human livelihoods. However, these hydroclimatic and socioeconomic drivers of water resource change are often poorly quantified and interconnected, while data scarcity poses challenges in these regions. Here we review the state of knowledge for two major catchments in the Peruvian Andes, which hold the largest tropical glacier mass worldwide: the Santa River (Cordillera Blanca) and Vilcanota River (Cordillera Vilcanota). Our integrative review of water resource change and comparative discharge analysis of two gauging stations in the Santa and Vilcanota River catchments show that the future provision of water resources is a concern to regional societies and must be factored more carefully into water management policies. In this context, observed hydroclimatic and socioeconomic changes represent important drivers of water availability, allocation, and conflicts over water resources. The legal framework and decentralized institutional architecture in Peru could potentially provide a basis for participatory integrative water management; however, unequal power relations, institutional fragility and increasing competition over water resources hamper these efforts. We identify several research gaps, including the need for more in situ data, cultural analyses, and a risk‐based framework that combines climate‐related hazards with human and natural vulnerabilities. Finally, this review suggests that future adaptation plans for water management should better link science, society, and policy. WIREs Water 2015, 2:715–733. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1105This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Consequences of fire and cattle browsing on ground beetles (Coleoptera) in NW Patagonia
Authors: Sasal Yamila , Raffaele Estela , Farji‐Brener Alejandro G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the responses of natural communities to disturbances remains a challenging task in ecology. In northwestern Patagonia, the most important disturbances are fire and introduced ungulates. Although these disturbances have been present in this region since late eighteen century, their effects on arthropods diversity have been poorly studied. Here, we examined the short‐term response of ground beetles (Coleoptera) to fire (burnt and unburnt) in browsed forests and to cattle browsing (cattle and no cattle) in post‐fire forests. We collected ground beetles with pitfall traps and estimated beetle abundance, species richness, assemblage composition, abundance of trophic guilds and beetle characteristic species, and measured some habitat parameters. We found that burnt browsed forest had lower diversity and different assemblage composition than unburnt forest. Beetle abundance, assemblage composition and abundance of trophic guilds were similar in post‐fire forests with and without cattle browsing. Conversely, beetle species richness was higher in cattle than in no cattle forests. Fire had a strong negative effect on beetle diversity probably by its effect changing habitat structure. Whereas fire had a homogenizing influence on beetle diversity with and without cattle, at small‐spatial scales, browsing of cattle probably generate habitat heterogeneity enhancing beetle richness. The implementation of policies aimed to reduce the risk of fire and to maintain low‐moderate cattle pressure appears to be vital to conserve the beetle assemblage in the Patagonian region.
Prudent diet may attenuate the adverse effects of Western diet on cognitive decline
Authors: Shakersain Behnaz , Santoni Giola , Larsson Susanna C. , Faxén‐Irving Gerd , Fastbom Johan , Fratiglioni Laura , Xu Weili 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe influence of mixed dietary patterns on cognitive changes is unknown.MethodsA total of 2223 dementia‐free participants aged ≥60 were followed up for 6 years to examine the impact of dietary patterns on cognitive decline. Mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) was administered. Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. By factor analysis, Western and prudent dietary patterns emerged. Mixed‐effect models for longitudinal data with repeated measurements were used.ResultsCompared with the lowest adherence to each pattern, the highest adherence to prudent pattern was related to less MMSE decline (β = 0.106, P = .011), whereas the highest adherence to Western pattern was associated with more MMSE decline (β = −0.156, P < .001). The decline associated with Western diet was attenuated when accompanied by high adherence to prudent pattern.DiscussionHigh adherence to prudent diet may diminish the adverse effects of high adherence to Western diet on cognitive decline.
Business Freedoms and Employment Rights in the European Union
Authors: PRASSL Jeremias 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this article, I explore the substance and operation of Article 16 of the European Union’s Charter of Fundamental Rights, which recognises ‘the freedom to conduct a business’, in order to determine the extent to which the constitutionalisation of commercial interests as fundamental rights could pose a threat to the Union’s worker-protectiveacquis. Having surveyed three important Directives which regulate employees’ rights in transfers of undertakings, collective redundancies, and the organisation of working time, I argue that future challenges based on Article 16 CFR are unlikely to succeed: even in situations where the Directives limit employers’ economic freedoms, such interference is justified and proportionate.
Adding network approaches to a neurobiological framework of resilience
Authors: Levit-Binnun Nava , Golland Yulia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn their paper, Kalisch et al. make an important attempt to create a unifying theoretical framework for the neuroscientific study of general resilience mechanisms. We suggest that such attempts can benefit tremendously by incorporating the recently emerging network approaches that enable the characterization of complex brain network architecture and dynamics, in both health and disease.
The temporal dynamics of resilience: Neural recovery as a biomarker
Authors: Walter Henrik , Erk Susanne , Veer Ilya M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractResilience can be defined as the capability of an individual to maintain health despite stress and adversity. Here we suggest to study the temporal dynamics of neural processes associated with affective perturbation and emotion regulation at different time scales to investigate the mechanisms of resilience. Parameters related to neural recovery might serve as a predictive biomarker for resilience.
Quantifying resilience: Theoretical or pragmatic for translational research?
Authors: Shumyatsky Gleb P. , Jovanovic Tanja , Handler Talma 
Published: September 2015

AbstractQuantifying resilience allows for several testable hypotheses, such as that resilience is equal to the number of mental health problems given a known quantity of stressor load. The proposed model lends itself well to prospective studies with data collection pre- and post-adversity; however, prestressor assessments are not always available. Challenges remain for adapting quantifying resilience to animal research, even if the idea of its translation value is significant.
Memory for generic and quantified sentences in Spanish-speaking children and adults
Authors: GELMAN SUSAN A. , SÁNCHEZ TAPIA INGRID , LESLIE SARAH-JANE 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGeneric language (Owlseat at night) expresses knowledge about categories and may represent a cognitively default mode of generalization. English-speaking children and adults more accurately recall generic than quantified sentences (All owlseat at night) and tend to recall quantified sentences as generic. However, generics in English are shorter than quantified sentences, and may be better recalled for this reason. The present study provided a new test of the issue in Spanish, where generics are expressed with an additional linguistic element not found in certain quantified sentences (Los búhoscomen de noche ‘Owls eat at night’ [generic] vs. Muchos búhoscomen de noche ‘Many owls eat at night’ [quantified]). Both preschoolers and adults recalled generics more accurately than quantified sentences, and quantified sentences were more often recalled as generic than the reverse. These findings provide strong additional evidence for generics as a cognitive default, in an understudied cultural context.
Tabling as a library with delimited control
Authors: DESOUTER BENOIT , VAN DOOREN MARKO , SCHRIJVERS TOM 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTabling is probably the most widely studied extension of Prolog. But despite its importance and practicality, tabling is not implemented by most Prolog systems. Existing approaches require substantial changes to the Prolog engine, which is an investment out of reach of most systems. To enable more widespread adoption, we present a new implementation of tabling in under 600 lines of Prolog code. Our lightweight approach relies on delimited control and provides reasonable performance.
Knowledge compilation of logic programs using approximation fixpoint theory
Authors: BOGAERTS BART , VAN DEN BROECK GUY 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRecent advances in knowledge compilation introduced techniques to compilepositivelogic programs into propositional logic, essentially exploiting the constructive nature of the least fixpoint computation. This approach has several advantages over existing approaches: it maintains logical equivalence, does not require (expensive) loop-breaking preprocessing or the introduction of auxiliary variables, and significantly outperforms existing algorithms. Unfortunately, this technique is limited tonegation-freeprograms. In this paper, we show how to extend it to general logic programs under the well-founded semantics.We develop our work in approximation fixpoint theory, an algebraical framework that unifies semantics of different logics. As such, our algebraical results are also applicable to autoepistemic logic, default logic and abstract dialectical frameworks.