bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia Pakistani type: Expansion of the phenotype
Authors: Tüysüz Beyhan , Yılmaz Saliha , Gül Ece , Kolb Luis , Bilguvar Kaya , Evliyaoğlu Olcay , Günel Murat 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSpondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD), Pakistani type, is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by platyspondyly, delayed epiphyseal ossification, mild metaphyseal abnormalities, short stature, and short and bowed legs, and is caused by mutations in PAPSS2. In a single Turkish patient also hyperandrogenism was reported. We describe five patients from a Turkish family with SEMD Pakistani type with homozygosity for a nonsense mutation (p.R329X) leading to a stop codon in PAPSS2. Plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione were normal, but DHEA sulfate levels were low in four of the patients. Two patients and a mother had history of pubertal hyperandrogenism. Testosterone level was mildly elevated in one of the female patients, and insulin resistance was not detected in any of the patients. The patients also had precocious costal calcification, small iliac bones, short femoral necks, coxa vara, short halluces and fused vertebral bodies, none of which has been reported previously in this entity. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Screening and determination of drugs in human saliva utilizing microextraction by packed sorbent and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Abdel‐Rehim Abbi , Abdel‐Rehim Mohamed 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis study presents a new method for collecting and handling saliva samples using an automated analytical microsyringe and microextraction by packed syringe (MEPS). The screening and determination of lidocaine in human saliva samples utilizing MEPS and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) were carried out. An exact volume of saliva could be collected. The MEPS C8‐cartridge could be used for 50 extractions before it was discarded. The extraction recovery was about 60%. The pharmacokinetic curve of lidocaine in saliva using MEPS‐LC‐MS/MS is reported. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occurrence and degree of intersex (testis–ova) in darters (Etheostoma SPP.) across an urban gradient in the Grand River, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Tanna Rajiv N. , Tetreault Gerald R. , Bennett Charles J. , Smith Brendan M. , Bragg Leslie M. , Oakes Ken D. , McMaster Mark E. , Servos Mark R. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

The variability and extent of the intersex condition (oocytes in testes, or testis–ova) was documented in fish along an urban gradient in the Grand River, Ontario, Canada, that included major wastewater treatment plant outfalls. A method for rapid enumeration of testis–ova was developed and applied that increased the capacity to quantify intersex prevalence and severity. Male rainbow darters (Etheostoma caeruleum) sampled downstream of the first major wastewater outfall (Waterloo) had a significant increase, relative to 4 upstream reference sites, in the mean proportion of fish with at least 1 testis–oocyte per lobe of testes (9–20% proportion with ≤ 1 testis–oocyte/lobe vs 32–53% and &gt;1.4 testis–oocyte/lobe). A much higher mean incidence of intersex proportion and degree was observed immediately downstream of the second wastewater outfall (Kitchener; 73–100% and 8–70 testis–oocyte/lobe); but only 6.3 km downstream of the Kitchener outfall, the occurrence of intersex dropped to those of the reference sites. In contrast, downstream of a tertiary treated wastewater outfall on a small tributary, intersex was similar to reference sites. Estrogenicity, measured using a yeast estrogen screen, followed a similar pattern, increasing from 0.81 ± 0.02 ng/L 17b-estradiol equivalents (EEq) (Guelph), to 4.32 ± 0.07 ng/L (Waterloo), and 16.99 ± 0.40 ng/L (Kitchener). Female rainbow darter downstream of the Kitchener outfall showed significant decreases in gonadosomatic index and liver somatic index, and increases in condition factor (k) relative to corresponding reference sites. The prevalence of intersex and alterations in somatic indices suggest that exposure to municipal wastewater effluent discharges can impact endocrine function, energy use, and energy storage in wild fish. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2013;32:1981–1991. © 2013 SETAC
Quantitative comparison of Taylor flow simulations based on sharp‐interface and diffuse‐interface models
Authors: Aland S. , Boden S. , Hahn A. , Klingbeil F. , Weismann M. , Weller S. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYA pressure‐driven flow of elongated bullet‐shaped bubbles in a narrow channel is known as Taylor flow or bubble‐train flow. This process is of relevance in various applications of chemical engineering. In this paper, we describe a typical simplified experimental setting, with surface tension, density and viscosity as prescribed input parameters. We compare a sharp‐interface model based on a moving grid aligned with the bubble boundary (ALE coordinates) and a diffuse‐interface model where the bubble shape is implicitly given by a phase‐field function. Four independent implementations based on the two modeling approaches are introduced and described briefly. Besides the simulation of the bubble shapes, we compare some resulting quantities such as pressure difference and film widths within the implementations and to existing analytical and experimental results. The simulations were conducted in 2D and 3D (rotationally symmetric). Good accordance of the results indicate the applicability and the usability of all approaches. Differences between the models and their implementations are visible but in no contradiction to theoretical results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population‐based evaluation of incidence trends in oropharyngeal cancer focusing on socioeconomic status, sex, and race/ethnicity
Authors: Colevas A. Dimitrios 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe influences of socioeconomic status (SES) on the incidence rates of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are unclear.MethodsData from the California Cancer Registry and U.S. Census were used to compare incidence rates and trends of OPSCC and other human papillomavirus–related and –unrelated cancer sites by neighborhood SES, race/ethnicity, and sex.ResultsThe incidence of OPSCC rose in both higher and lower SES neighborhoods. Absolute rates were greater in the latter. Only non‐Hispanic white males with OPSCC demonstrated a significant increase in the incidence rate of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The incidence rate for this group increased from 4.5/100,000 person‐years between 1988 and 1992 to 7.1 between 2003 and 2009. Regression analysis demonstrated an annual percentage change of 1% from 1988 to 1997 and 4% thereafter.ConclusionsIncreases in incidence rates are SES independent. Incidence rates are higher in lower‐SES groups. The rise in OPSCC incidence is limited to non‐Hispanic white males. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 34–42, 2014
Radiotherapy for a repeatedly recurrent ameloblastoma with malignant transformation
Authors: Huang Chun‐Ming , Chen Jin‐Yi , Chen Chung‐Ho , Huang Chih‐Jen 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe role of radiation therapy (RT) for ameloblastoma remains controversial and undetermined due to the rarity of the disease.MethodsA case of repeatedly recurrent ameloblastoma with malignant transformation is presented. The clinical course and managements are described.ResultsThe 63‐year‐old man had a recurrent ameloblastoma in the left mandible. Five years after the first surgical resection, he underwent 8 more rounds of surgical excision of the recurrent tumors. The malignant transformation occurred and the unresectable tumor invaded the masticator space, parapharyngeal space, and skull base. He received 3‐dimensional conformal RT, at the dose of 66 Gray (Gy) in 33 fractions. The ulcerative exophytic mass had regressed gradually. After follow‐up of 28 months, the tumor was well controlled.ConclusionsRT seems to be a feasible treatment option for recurrent ameloblastoma with malignant transformation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: E1–E3, 2014
Muscle size, strength, and physical performance and their associations with bone structure in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study
Authors: Edwards Mark H , Gregson Celia L , Patel Harnish P , Jameson Karen A , Harvey Nicholas C , Sayer Avan Aihie , Dennison Elaine M , Cooper Cyrus 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Sarcopenia is associated with a greater fracture risk. This relationship was originally thought to be explained by an increased risk of falls in sarcopenic individuals. However, in addition, there is growing evidence of a functional muscle-bone unit in which bone health may be directly influenced by muscle function. Because a definition of sarcopenia encompasses muscle size, strength, and physical performance, we investigated relationships for each of these with bone size, bone density, and bone strength to interrogate these hypotheses further in participants from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. A total of 313 men and 318 women underwent baseline assessment of health and detailed anthropometric measurements. Muscle strength was measured by grip strength, and physical performance was determined by gait speed. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) examination of the calf and forearm was performed to assess muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) at the 66% level and bone structure (radius 4% and 66% levels; tibia 4% and 38% levels). Muscle size was positively associated with bone size (distal radius total bone area β = 17.5 mm2/SD [12.0, 22.9]) and strength (strength strain index (β = 23.3 mm3/SD [18.2, 28.4]) amongst women (p &lt; 0.001). These associations were also seen in men and were maintained after adjustment for age, height, weight-adjusted-for-height, limb-length-adjusted-for-height, social class, smoking status, alcohol consumption, calcium intake, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, and in women, years since menopause and estrogen replacement therapy. Although grip strength showed similar associations with bone size and strength in both sexes, these were substantially attenuated after similar adjustment. Consistent relationships between gait speed and bone structure were not seen. We conclude that although muscle size and grip strength are associated with bone size and strength, relationships between gait speed and bone structure and strength were not apparent in this cohort, supporting a role for the muscle-bone unit. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Chemiluminescence Determination of Gossypol by Oxidation with N‐Bromosuccinimide
Authors: Han Suqin , Hao Fang , Wei Bei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA chemiluminescence (CL) phenomenon was observed when gossypol was injected into a reaction mixture of N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) and alkaline dichlorofluorescein (DCF). Based on this phenomenon, a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of gossypol was established. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range was from 1.0 × 10−9 to 1.0 × 10−6 M. The detection limit was 1.0 × 10−10 M. The method has been applied to the determination of gossypol in cottonseed, cottonseed oil, pharmaceutical and biological fluids with satisfactory results. The possible CL reaction mechanism was discussed briefly.
Determination of Diuretics in Urine Using Immobilized Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Hollow Fiber Liquid‐Phase Microextraction Combined with Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ho Tse‐Tsung , Li Zu‐Guang , Lin Hui‐Yi , Lee Maw‐Rong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA novel technique utilizing the adsorptive potential of immobilized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (I‐MWCNT) in hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction (HF‐LPME) was developed for the determination of diuretics in urine. In this study, the potential of carbon nanotubes as a sorbent for three‐phase liquid‐phase microextraction of diuretics from urine samples was evaluated. Analysis was performed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). A novel method was applied to detect acetazolamide (AAA), chlorothiazide (CTA), hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), hydroflumethiazide (HFT), clopamide (CA), trichlormethiazide (TCM), althiazide (AT) and bendroflumethiazide (BFT) in urine. Two‐step extractions using different times and temperatures for each step were adopted. Parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, including the extraction solvent, sample pH, salt concentration, extraction time and extraction temperature were systematically optimized. Under the resulting optimal extraction conditions, this method showed good linearity over an analytes concentration range of 1 to 1000 ng/mL, high extraction repeatability with relative standard deviations of less than 6%, and low detection limits (0.09 to 0.51 ng/mL). The application of the methods to the determination of diuretics in real samples was tested by analyzing urine samples of patient.
Development of a Sensitive Method for the Determination of 4‐(Methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol in Human Urine Using Solid‐phase Extraction Combined with Ultrasound‐assisted Dispersive Liquid–liquid Microextraction and LC‐MS/MS Detection
Authors: Liu Bai‐Zhan , Yao Li , Zheng Sai‐Jing , Wang Wei‐Miao , Zhu Xiao‐Lan , Yang Jun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn efficient and sensitive analytical method based on molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction (MISPE) and reverse‐phase ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (USA‐DLLME) coupled with LC–MS/MS detection was developed and validated for the analysis of urinary 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol (NNAL), a tobacco‐specific nitrosamine metabolite. The extraction performances of NNAL on three different solid‐phase extraction (SPE) sorbents including the hydrophilic‐lipophilic balanced sorbent HLB, the mixed mode cationic MCX sorbent and the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) sorbent were evaluated. Experimental results showed that the analyte was well retained with the highest extraction recovery and the optimum purification effect on MIP. Under the optimized conditions of MIP and USA‐DLLME, an enrichment factor of 23 was obtained. Good linearity relationship was obtained in the range of 5‐1200 pg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9953. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.35 pg/mL. The recoveries at three spiked levels ranged between 88.5% and 93.7%. Intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations varied from 3.6% to 7.4% and from 5.4% to 9.7%, respectively. The developed method combing the advantages of MISPE and DLLME significantly improves the purification and enrichment of the analyte and can be used as an effective approach for the determination of ultra‐trace NNAL in complex biological matrices.
Gaseous and Particle‐bound VOC Products of Combustion Extracted by Needle Trap Samplers
Authors: Cheng Wen‐Hsi , Zhan Weiqiang , Pawliszyn Janusz 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGaseous benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o‐xylene (BTEX) were extracted by using the divinylbenzene (DVB) particles (mesh sizes 60–80, 80–100 and 100–120) as sorbents packed in passive needle trap samplers (NTS). This study performed feasibility tests of these self‐designed DVB‐NTS as diffusive time‐weighted average (TWA) samplers and compared extraction efficiency with that of 100 mm polydimethylsiloxane‐solid phase microextration (PDMS‐SPME) fiber for sampling gaseous and particle‐bound volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from burning mosquito coils. Experimental results indicated that extraction rate of NTS is a reliable index in extracting VOCs. Additionally, comparisons of the NTS in extracting BTEX mass showed the NTS packed with the smallest diameters of adsorbent particles (100–120 mesh DVB) were the most effective. The mass of gaseous BTEX extracted by 100 μm PDMS‐SPME fiber were substantially lower than that extracted by DVB‐NTS of all meshes for the 30‐min TWA sampling of burning mosquito coils, and NTS packed with 100–120 mesh DVB adsorbed BTEX 50–120 ng BTEX. Particles clogging inside the packed phase of NTS inhibited VOC extraction performance after 3–5 samplings of burning particles, especially NTS packed with small‐diameter adsorbents.
Simultaneous Determination Baicalin and Forsythin in Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid by HPLC/DAD and LC‐ESI‐MS
Authors: Yang Li , Yan Qing‐hua , Yu Juan , Zhang Jian‐wei , Xi Guoxi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRapid, simple and reliable HPLC/DAD and LC‐ESI‐MS methods for the simultaneous determination of baicalin and forsythin in the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Shuanghuanglian oral liquid were described and validated. The separation condition for HPLC/DAD was optimized using a BDS hypersil C18 column (Thermo, 2.1 × 150 mm, particle size 5 μm) by gradient elution using methanol‐0.2 % ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. The suitable detection wavelength was set at 277 nm for the quantitative analysis of baicalin and forsythin in this method. Some operational parameters of the ESI interface were optimized, negative m/z 445[M−H]− for baicalin and negative m/z 593[M+CH3COO]− for forsythin, positive m/z 447[M+H]+ for baicalin and positive m/z 552[M+NH 4]+ for forsythin, respectively. These HPLC/DAD and LC‐ESI‐MS methods were validated in terms of recovery, linearity, accuracy and precision (intra‐ and inter‐day validation). These methods can be used as a complementary method for the commercial quality control of Shuanghuanglian oral liquid and its pharmaceutical preparations.
Graphene‐Nafion Composite Film Modified Electrode for Voltammetric Sensor for Determination of Dihydromyricetin
Authors: Wang Fei , Yu Xiang , Li Haojie , Li Ming , Feng Qimin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA simple but highly snesitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of dihydromyricetin (DMY) based on graphene‐Nafion nanocomposite film modified Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was reported. The characteristic of the sensor was examined by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Compares with bare GCE, pre‐anodized glassy carbon electrode (GCE(ox)) and Nafion modified electrode, the sensor exhibited the more superior ability of detecting DMY, due to the synergetic graphene and Nafion. Other, the dependence of the current on pH, instrumental parameters, accumulation time and potential were investigated to optimize the experimental conditions in the determination of DMY. Under the selected conditions, the response peak currents were linear relationship with the DMY concentrations in the range of 8.0 × 10−8 ∼ 2.0 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10−8 mol L−1. And, the method was also applied successfully to detect DMY in Ampelopsis grossedentata samples.
Novel applications of dividing‐wall column technology to biofuel production processes
Authors: Kiss Anton A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBiofuels enjoy nowadays increased public and scientific attention, driven by key factors such as volatile oil price, the need for increased energy security, and concerns over greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. However, in order to make biofuels a competitive alternative, the cost of production has to be significantly reduced by using enhanced process technologies. Distillation is heavily involved in the production processes of biofuels—taking the blame for the high energy requirements that have a negative impact on the operating costs. Dividing‐wall column (DWC) is one of the best examples of proven industrial process intensification technology in distillation, as it allows significantly lower investment and operating costs while also reducing the number of equipment units and the carbon footprint.This work presents an overview of novel applications using the DWC technology in the production of the most important biofuels, by employing multi‐component separations, azeotropic, extractive or reactive distillation in a DWC: enhanced methanol recovery and glycerol separation in biodiesel production, synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethyl ether (DME) by reactive distillation, integrated DME purification and methanol or CO2 recovery in the dimethyl ether process, as well as bioethanol concentration and dehydration. The industrially relevant case studies presented here show that significant energy savings are possible (ranging from ∼20 to 60%) while simplifying the processes by using less equipment that requires a lower plant footprint. Remarkably, in most cases there is also the possibility of revamping existing plants producing biofuels, and thus reusing the already available equipment. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The role of circulation features on black carbon transport into the Arctic in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5)
Authors: Ma Po‐Lun , Rasch Philip J. , Wang Hailong , Zhang Kai , Easter Richard C. , Tilmes Simone , Fast Jerome D. , Liu Xiaohong , Yoon Jin‐Ho , Lamarque Jean‐Francois 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCurrent climate models generally underpredict the surface concentration of black carbon (BC) in the Arctic due to the uncertainties associated with emissions, transport, and removal. This bias is also present in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1 (CAM5). In this study, we investigate the uncertainty of Arctic BC due to transport processes simulated by CAM5 by configuring the model to run in an “off‐line mode” in which the large‐scale circulation features are prescribed. We compare the simulated BC transport when the off‐line model is driven by the meteorology predicted by the standard free‐running CAM5 with simulations where the meteorology is constrained to agree with reanalysis products. Some circulation biases are apparent: the free‐running CAM5 produces about 50% less transient eddy transport of BC than the reanalysis‐driven simulations, which may be attributed to the coarse model resolution insufficient to represent eddies. Our analysis shows that the free‐running CAM5 reasonably captures the essence of the Arctic Oscillation (AO), but some discernable differences in the spatial pattern of the AO between the free‐running CAM5 and the reanalysis‐driven simulations result in significantly different AO modulation of BC transport over northeast Asia and eastern Europe. Nevertheless, we find that the overall climatological circulation patterns simulated by the free‐running CAM5 generally resemble those from the reanalysis products, and BC transport is very similar in both simulation sets. Therefore, the simulated circulation features regulating the long‐range BC transport are unlikely the most important cause of the large underprediction of surface BC concentration in the Arctic.
Purine derivate content and amino acid profile in larval stages of three edible insects
Authors: Bednářová Martina , Borkovcová Marie , Komprda Tomáš 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundConsidering their high content of protein, insects are a valuable alternative protein source. However, no evaluation of their purine content has so far been done. High content of purine derivates may lead to the exclusion of such food from the diet of people with specific diseases. The aim of this study was to analyse the content of selected purine derivates and amino acid profile in the three insect species most often used for entomophagy in Europe and compare them with the purine content in egg white and chicken breast.ResultsThe content of individual purine derivates and their total content were significantly dependent on insect species. The purine content in all three species was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in egg white, but some values were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in chicken breast. The total protein content was 548.9 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) in mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), 551.6 g kg−1 DM in superworm (Zophobas atratus) and 564.9 g kg−1 DM in cricket (Gryllus assimilis).ConclusionLarvae of mealworm and superworm are protein‐rich and purine‐low meat alternatives. In contrast, cricket nymphs are protein‐rich and purine‐rich and cannot be recommended for people with hyperuricemia or gout. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry