bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New streams and springs after the 2014 Mw6.0 South Napa earthquake
Authors: Wang Chi-Yuen , Manga Michael 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMany streams and springs, which were dry or nearly dry before the 2014 Mw6.0 South Napa earthquake, started to flow after the earthquake. A United States Geological Survey stream gauge also registered a coseismic increase in discharge. Public interest was heightened by a state of extreme drought in California. Since the new flows were not contaminated by pre-existing surface water, their composition allowed unambiguous identification of their origin. Following the earthquake we repeatedly surveyed the new flows, collecting data to test hypotheses about their origin. We show that the new flows originated from groundwater in nearby mountains released by the earthquake. The estimated total amount of new water is ∼106 m3, about 1/40 of the annual water use in the Napa–Sonoma area. Our model also makes a testable prediction of a post-seismic decrease of seismic velocity in the shallow crust of the affected region.
Ubiquitous healthy diatoms in the deep sea confirm deep carbon injection by the biological pump
Authors: Agusti S. , González-Gordillo J. I. , Vaqué D. , Estrada M. , Cerezo M. I. , Salazar G. , Gasol J. M. , Duarte C. M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe role of the ocean as a sink for CO2 is partially dependent on the downward transport of phytoplankton cells packaged within fast-sinking particles. However, whether such fast-sinking mechanisms deliver fresh organic carbon down to the deep bathypelagic sea and whether this mechanism is prevalent across the ocean requires confirmation. Here we report the ubiquitous presence of healthy photosynthetic cells, dominated by diatoms, down to 4,000 m in the deep dark ocean. Decay experiments with surface phytoplankton suggested that the large proportion (18%) of healthy photosynthetic cells observed, on average, in the dark ocean, requires transport times from a few days to a few weeks, corresponding to sinking rates (124–732 m d−1) comparable to those of fast-sinking aggregates and faecal pellets. These results confirm the expectation that fast-sinking mechanisms inject fresh organic carbon into the deep sea and that this is a prevalent process operating across the global oligotrophic ocean.
Lansoprazole is an antituberculous prodrug targeting cytochrome bc1
Authors: Rybniker Jan , Vocat Anthony , Sala Claudia , Busso Philippe , Pojer Florence , Benjak Andrej , Cole Stewart T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBetter antibiotics capable of killing multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis are urgently needed. Despite extensive drug discovery efforts, only a few promising candidates are on the horizon and alternative screening protocols are required. Here, by testing a panel of FDA-approved drugs in a host cell-based assay, we show that the blockbuster drug lansoprazole (Prevacid), a gastric proton-pump inhibitor, has intracellular activity against M. tuberculosis. Ex vivo pharmacokinetics and target identification studies reveal that lansoprazole kills M. tuberculosis by targeting its cytochrome bc1 complex through intracellular sulfoxide reduction to lansoprazole sulfide. This novel class of cytochrome bc1 inhibitors is highly active against drug-resistant clinical isolates and spares the human H+K+-ATPase thus providing excellent opportunities for targeting the major pathogen M. tuberculosis. Our finding provides proof of concept for hit expansion by metabolic activation, a powerful tool for antibiotic screens.
Crucial roles of RSK in cell motility by catalysing serine phosphorylation of EphA2
Authors: Zhou Yue , Yamada Naoki , Tanaka Tomohiro , Hori Takashi , Yokoyama Satoru , Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Yano Seiji , Fukuoka Junya , Koizumi Keiichi , Saiki Ikuo , Sakurai Hiroaki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCrosstalk between inflammatory signalling pathways and receptor tyrosine kinases has been revealed as an indicator of cancer malignant progression. In the present study, we focus on EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase, which is overexpressed in many human cancers. It has been reported that ligand-independent phosphorylation of EphA2 at Ser-897 is induced by Akt. We show that inflammatory cytokines promote RSK-, not Akt-, dependent phosphorylation of EphA2 at Ser-897. In addition, the RSK–EphA2 signalling pathway controls cell migration and invasion of metastatic breast cancer cells. Moreover, Ser-897-phosphorylated EphA2 co-localizes with phosphorylated active form of RSK in various human tumour specimens, and this double positivity is related to poor survival in lung cancer patients, especially those with a smoking history. Taken together, these results indicate that the phosphorylation of EphA2 at Ser-897 is controlled by RSK and the RSK–EphA2 axis might contribute to cell motility and promote tumour malignant progression.
Significant radiative impact of volcanic aerosol in the lowermost stratosphere
Authors: Andersson Sandra M. , Martinsson Bengt G. , Vernier Jean-Paul , Friberg Johan , Brenninkmeijer Carl A. M. , Hermann Markus , van Velthoven Peter F. J. , Zahn Andreas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDespite their potential to slow global warming, until recently, the radiative forcing associated with volcanic aerosols in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) had not been considered. Here we study volcanic aerosol changes in the stratosphere using lidar measurements from the NASA CALIPSO satellite and aircraft measurements from the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory. Between 2008 and 2012 volcanism frequently affected the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere aerosol loadings, whereas the Southern Hemisphere generally had loadings close to background conditions. We show that half of the global stratospheric aerosol optical depth following the Kasatochi, Sarychev and Nabro eruptions is attributable to LMS aerosol. On average, 30% of the global stratospheric aerosol optical depth originated in the LMS during the period 2008–2011. On the basis of the two independent, high-resolution measurement methods, we show that the LMS makes an important contribution to the overall volcanic forcing.
Point nodes persisting far beyond Tc in Bi2212
Authors: Kondo Takeshi , Malaeb W. , Ishida Y. , Sasagawa T. , Sakamoto H. , Takeuchi Tsunehiro , Tohyama T. , Shin S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn contrast to a complex feature of antinodal state, suffering from competing orders, the pairing gap of cuprates is obtained in the nodal region, which therefore holds the key to the superconducting mechanism. One of the biggest question is whether the point nodal state as a hallmark of d-wave pairing collapses at Tc like the BCS-type superconductors, or it instead survives above Tc turning into the preformed pair state. A difficulty in this issue comes from the small magnitude of the nodal gap, which has been preventing experimentalists from solving it. Here we use a laser ARPES capable of ultrahigh-energy resolution, and detect the point nodes surviving far beyond Tc in Bi2212. By tracking the temperature evolution of spectra, we reveal that the superconductivity occurs when the pair-breaking rate is suppressed smaller than the single-particle scattering rate on cooling, which governs the value of Tc in cuprates.
Biotin starvation causes mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation and partial rescue by the SIRT3-like deacetylase Hst4p
Authors: Madsen Christian T. , Sylvestersen Kathrine B. , Young Clifford , Larsen Sara C. , Poulsen Jon W. , Andersen Marianne A. , Palmqvist Eva A. , Hey-Mogensen Martin , Jensen Per B. , Treebak Jonas T. , Lisby Michael , Nielsen Michael L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe essential vitamin biotin is a covalent and tenaciously attached prosthetic group in several carboxylases that play important roles in the regulation of energy metabolism. Here we describe increased acetyl-CoA levels and mitochondrial hyperacetylation as downstream metabolic effects of biotin deficiency. Upregulated mitochondrial acetylation sites correlate with the cellular deficiency of the Hst4p deacetylase, and a biotin-starvation-induced accumulation of Hst4p in mitochondria supports a role for Hst4p in lowering mitochondrial acetylation. We show that biotin starvation and knockout of Hst4p cause alterations in cellular respiration and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that Hst4p plays a pivotal role in biotin metabolism and cellular energy homeostasis, and supports that Hst4p is a functional yeast homologue of the sirtuin deacetylase SIRT3. With biotin deficiency being involved in various metabolic disorders, this study provides valuable insight into the metabolic effects biotin exerts on eukaryotic cells.
Vibronic origin of long-lived coherence in an artificial molecular light harvester
Authors: Lim James , Paleček David , Caycedo-Soler Felipe , Lincoln Craig N. , Prior Javier , von Berlepsch Hans , Huelga Susana F. , Plenio Martin B. , Zigmantas Donatas , Hauer Jürgen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNatural and artificial light-harvesting processes have recently gained new interest. Signatures of long-lasting coherence in spectroscopic signals of biological systems have been repeatedly observed, albeit their origin is a matter of ongoing debate, as it is unclear how the loss of coherence due to interaction with the noisy environments in such systems is averted. Here we report experimental and theoretical verification of coherent exciton–vibrational (vibronic) coupling as the origin of long-lasting coherence in an artificial light harvester, a molecular J-aggregate. In this macroscopically aligned tubular system, polarization-controlled 2D spectroscopy delivers an uncongested and specific optical response as an ideal foundation for an in-depth theoretical description. We derive analytical expressions that show under which general conditions vibronic coupling leads to prolonged excited-state coherence.
Patient perceptions of severe COPD and transitions towards death: a qualitative study identifying milestones and developing key opportunities
Authors: Landers Amanda , Wiseman Rachel , Pitama Suzanne , Beckert Lutz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Background:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a slowly disabling illness, with functional limitations and a high burden of symptoms. Palliative care services focus on quality of life for those facing life-limiting illness. Patients with COPD often see their illness as a ‘way of life’, not as a life-threatening illness, which makes the interface difficult.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to explore the experience of patients with advanced COPD after a life-threatening event, particularly focusing on end-of-life issues.

Methods:
Qualitative methods were used to capture patient experiences. Patients admitted for noninvasive ventilation for COPD were recruited and interviewed in their homes following discharge. The interview schedule explored the participants' understanding of their illness, concerns and plans, exploring end-of-life issues and perceptions of palliative care.

Results:
Participants were recruited until themes were saturated. Six transition points or milestones emerged: loss of recreation, home environment, episodes of acute care, long-term oxygen treatment, panic attacks, and assistance with self-care were common themes throughout the narratives.

Conclusions:
Milestones accumulate in no particular order. They can be easily recognised and allow health professionals to develop a common language with their patients. In advancing COPD, milestones may trigger the reassessment of goals of care and integration of a palliative approach.
Revealing Missing Human Protein Isoforms Based on Ab Initio Prediction, RNA-seq and Proteomics
Authors: Hu Zhiqiang , Scott Hamish S. , Qin Guangrong , Zheng Guangyong , Chu Xixia , Xie Lu , Adelson David L. , Oftedal Bergithe E. , Venugopal Parvathy , Babic Milena , Hahn Christopher N. , Zhang Bing , Wang Xiaojing , Li Nan , Wei Chaochun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBiological and biomedical research relies on comprehensive understanding of protein-coding transcripts. However, the total number of human proteins is still unknown due to the prevalence of alternative splicing. In this paper, we detected 31,566 novel transcripts with coding potential by filtering our ab initio predictions with 50 RNA-seq datasets from diverse tissues/cell lines. PCR followed by MiSeq sequencing showed that at least 84.1% of these predicted novel splice sites could be validated. In contrast to known transcripts, the expression of these novel transcripts were highly tissue-specific. Based on these novel transcripts, at least 36 novel proteins were detected from shotgun proteomics data of 41 breast samples. We also showed L1 retrotransposons have a more significant impact on the origin of new transcripts/genes than previously thought. Furthermore, we found that alternative splicing is extraordinarily widespread for genes involved in specific biological functions like protein binding, nucleoside binding, neuron projection, membrane organization and cell adhesion. In the end, the total number of human transcripts with protein-coding potential was estimated to be at least 204,950.
A High Throughput Ambient Mass Spectrometric Approach to Species Identification and Classification from Chemical Fingerprint Signatures
Authors: Musah Rabi A. , Espinoza Edgard O. , Cody Robert B. , Lesiak Ashton D. , Christensen Earl D. , Moore Hannah E. , Maleknia Simin , Drijfhout Falko P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA high throughput method for species identification and classification through chemometric processing of direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry-derived fingerprint signatures has been developed. The method entails introduction of samples to the open air space between the DART ion source and the mass spectrometer inlet, with the entire observed mass spectral fingerprint subjected to unsupervised hierarchical clustering processing. A range of both polar and non-polar chemotypes are instantaneously detected. The result is identification and species level classification based on the entire DART-MS spectrum. Here, we illustrate how the method can be used to: (1) distinguish between endangered woods regulated by the Convention for the International Trade of Endangered Flora and Fauna (CITES) treaty; (2) assess the origin and by extension the properties of biodiesel feedstocks; (3) determine insect species from analysis of puparial casings; (4) distinguish between psychoactive plants products; and (5) differentiate between Eucalyptus species. An advantage of the hierarchical clustering approach to processing of the DART-MS derived fingerprint is that it shows both similarities and differences between species based on their chemotypes. Furthermore, full knowledge of the identities of the constituents contained within the small molecule profile of analyzed samples is not required.
Production of graphene oxide from pitch-based carbon fiber
Authors: Lee Miyeon , Lee Jihoon , Park Sung Young , Min Byunggak , Kim Bongsoo , In Insik 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPitch-based graphene oxide (p-GO) whose compositional/structural features are comparable to those of graphene oxide (GO) was firstly produced by chemical exfoliation of pitch-based carbon fiber rather than natural graphite. Incorporation of p-GO as nanofillers into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a matrix polymer resulted in excellent mechanical reinforcement. p-GO/PMMA nanocomposite (1 wt.-% p-GO) demonstrated 800% higher modulus of toughness of neat PMMA.
Dynamic phase coexistence in glass–forming liquids
Authors: Pastore Raffaele , Coniglio Antonio , Ciamarra Massimo Pica 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOne of the most controversial hypotheses for explaining the heterogeneous dynamics of glasses postulates the temporary coexistence of two phases characterized by a high and by a low diffusivity. In this scenario, two phases with different diffusivities coexist for a time of the order of the relaxation time and mix afterwards. Unfortunately, it is difficult to measure the single-particle diffusivities to test this hypothesis. Indeed, although the non-Gaussian shape of the van-Hove distribution suggests the transient existence of a diffusivity distribution, it is not possible to infer from this quantity whether two or more dynamical phases coexist. Here we provide the first direct observation of the dynamical coexistence of two phases with different diffusivities, by showing that in the deeply supercooled regime the distribution of the single-particle diffusivities acquires a transient bimodal shape. We relate this distribution to the heterogeneity of the dynamics and to the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation and we show that the coexistence of two dynamical phases occurs up to a timescale growing faster than the relaxation time on cooling, for some of the considered models. Our work offers a basis for rationalizing the dynamics of supercooled liquids and for relating their structural and dynamical properties.
Demographic comparison of sweetpotato weevil reared on a major host, Ipomoea batatas, and an alternative host, I. triloba
Authors: Reddy Gadi V. P. , Chi Hisn 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this study, we collected life table data for the sweetpotato weevil,Cylas formicarius,grown onIpomoea batatasandIpomoea trilobaand analyzed them using an age-stage, two-sex life table. We also demonstrated the growth potential ofC. formicariuson these two host plants by using population projection. These data will be useful to the growers to the selection or eradication of host plants in an integrated control strategy forC. formicariusfor the entire area of the targeted areas. We found thatC. formicariusdeveloped faster onI. batatasthan onI. triloba. The developmental times of the larval and pupal stages onI. batatasthan onI. trilobawere 37.01 and 8.3 days. The adult females emerged before and began to produce eggs at 42 days earlier when reared onI. batatas. The fecundity of females was 90.0 eggs onI. batatassignificantly higher than the mean fecundity of 68.5 eggs onI. triloba. Although this insect has a higher intrinsic rate of increase onI. batatas, the study indicated thatC. formicariuscan successfully survive and reproduce on both host plants.
In vivo efficacy and molecular docking of designed peptide that exhibits potent antipneumococcal activity and synergises in combination with penicillin
Authors: Le Cheng-Foh , Yusof Mohd Yasim Mohd , Hassan Mahmood Ameen Abdulla , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Isa Diyana Mohd , Sekaran Shamala Devi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe have previously designed a series of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and in the current study, thein vivotherapeutic efficacy and toxicity were investigated. Among all the peptides, DM3 conferred protection to a substantial proportion of the lethally infected mice caused by a strain of penicillin-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniae.Synergism was reported and therapeutic efficacy was significantly enhanced when DM3 was formulated in combination with penicillin (PEN). No toxicity was observed in mice receiving these treatments. Thein silicomolecular docking study results showed that, DM3 has a strong affinity towards three protein targets; autolysin and pneumococcal surface protein A (pspA). Thus AMPs could serve as supporting therapeutics in combination with conventional antibiotics to enhance treatment outcome.
Magnetic patterning: local manipulation of the intergranular exchange coupling via grain boundary engineering
Authors: Huang Kuo-Feng , Liao Jung-Wei , Hsieh Cheng-Yu , Wang Liang-Wei , Huang Yen-Chun , Wen Wei-Chih , Chang Mu-Tung , Lo Shen-Chuan , Yuan Jun , Lin Hsiu-Hau , Lai Chih-Huang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMagnetic patterning, with designed spatial profile of the desired magnetic properties, has been a rising challenge for developing magnetic devices at nanoscale. Most existing methods rely on locally modifying magnetic anisotropy energy or saturation magnetization and thus post stringent constraints on the adaptability in diverse applications. We propose an alternative route for magnetic patterning: by manipulating the local intergranular exchange coupling to tune lateral magnetic properties. As demonstration, the grain boundary structure of Co/Pt multilayers is engineered by thermal treatment, where the stress state of the multilayers and thus the intergranular exchange coupling can be modified. With Ag passivation layers on top of the Co/Pt multilayers, we can hinder the stress relaxation and grain boundary modification. Combining the pre-patterned Ag passivation layer with thermal treatment, we can design spatial variations of the magnetic properties by tuning the intergranular exchange coupling, which diversifies the magnetic patterning process and extends its feasibility for varieties of new devices.
Involvement of PrPC in kainate-induced excitotoxicity in several mouse strains
Authors: Carulla Patricia , Llorens Franc , Matamoros-Angles Andreu , Aguilar-Calvo Patricia , Espinosa Juan Carlos , Gavín Rosalina , Ferrer Isidre , Legname Giuseppe , Torres Juan Maria , del Río José A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe cellular prion protein (PrPC) has been associated with a plethora of cellular functions ranging from cell cycle to neuroprotection. Mice lacking PrPC show an increased susceptibility to epileptic seizures; the protein, then, is neuroprotective. However, lack of experimental reproducibility has led to considering the possibility that other factors besides PrPC deletion, such as the genetic background of mice or the presence of so-called “Prnp flanking genes”, might contribute to the reported susceptibility. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of seizure-susceptibility using characterized Prnp+/+ and Prnp0/0 mice of B6129, B6.129, 129/Ola or FVB/N genetic backgrounds. Our study indicates that PrPC plays a role in neuroprotection in KA-treated cells and mice. For this function, PrPC should contain the aa32–93 region and needs to be linked to the membrane. In addition, some unidentified “Prnp-flanking genes” play a role parallel to PrPC in the KA-mediated responses in B6129 and B6.129 Prnp0/0 mice.
Growth kinetics of white graphene (h-BN) on a planarised Ni foil surface
Authors: Cho Hyunjin , Park Sungchan , Won Dong-Il , Kang Sang Ook , Pyo Seong-Soo , Kim Dong-Ik , Kim Soo Min , Kim Hwan Chul , Kim Myung Jong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe morphology of the surface and the grain orientation of metal catalysts have been considered to be two important factors for the growth of white graphene (h-BN) by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). We report a correlation between the growth rate of h-BN and the orientation of the nickel grains. The surface of the nickel (Ni) foil was first polished by electrochemical polishing (ECP) and subsequently annealed in hydrogen at atmospheric pressure to suppress the effect of the surface morphology. Atmospheric annealing with hydrogen reduced the nucleation sites of h-BN, which induced a large crystal size mainly grown from the grain boundary with few other nucleation sites in the Ni foil. A higher growth rate was observed from the Ni grains that had the {110} or {100} orientation due to their higher surface energy.