bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Danish Fetal Medicine Database: establishment, organization and quality assessment of the first trimester screening program for trisomy 21 in Denmark 2008–2012
Authors: Ekelund Charlotte K. , Petersen Olav B. , Jørgensen Finn S. , Kjaergaard Susanne , Larsen Torben , Olesen Annette W. , Skibsted Lillian , Skovbo Peter , Sommer Steffen , Sperling Lene , Stavnstrup Benedicte , Størup Birgitte , Zingenberg Helle , Uldbjerg Niels , Miltoft Caroline B. , Noergaard Lasse , Wulff Camilla B. , Tabor Ann ,   The Danish Fetal Medicine Research Group
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the establishment and organization of the Danish Fetal Medicine Database and to report national results of first‐trimester combined screening for trisomy 21 in the 5‐year period 2008–2012.DesignNational register study using prospectively collected first‐trimester screening data from the Danish Fetal Medicine Database.PopulationPregnant women in Denmark undergoing first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21.MethodsData on maternal characteristics, biochemical and ultrasonic markers are continuously sent electronically from local fetal medicine databases (Astraia Gmbh software) to a central national database. Data are linked to outcome data from the National Birth Register, the National Patient Register and the National Cytogenetic Register via the mother's unique personal registration number. First‐trimester screening data from 2008 to 2012 were retrieved.Main outcome measuresScreening performance was assessed for the years 2008–2012 by calculating detection rates and screen‐positive rates.ResultsA total of 268 342 first‐trimester risk assessments for trisomy 21 were performed in singleton pregnancies. Participation rate in first‐trimester screening was >90%. The national screen‐positive rate increased from 3.6% in 2008 to 4.7% in 2012. The national detection rate of trisomy 21 was reported to be between 82 and 90% in the 5‐year period.ConclusionA national fetal medicine database has been successfully established in Denmark. Results from the database have shown that at a national level first‐trimester screening performance for trisomy 21 is high with a low screen‐positive rate and a high detection rate.
Right paraduodenal hernia successfully treated with laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Tomino Takahiro , Itoh Shinji , Yoshida Daisuke , Nishida Takahiro , Kawanaka Hirofumi , Ikeda Tetsuo , Kohnoe Shunji , Shirabe Ken , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA 23‐year‐old Japanese man presented with a history of sudden‐onset right abdominal pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Contrast‐enhanced CT showed a large cluster on the right side of the retroperitoneum, with most of the small bowel incarcerated. The patient was diagnosed with small bowel obstruction caused by a right paraduodenal hernia, and emergency laparoscopic surgery was performed. The large retroperitoneal cluster on the right side contained almost all segments of the small bowel, although the incarcerated bowel showed no evidence of volvulus or ischemia. The bowel was reduced, and the hernia orifice was closed. The patient made good progress and was discharged 7 days after surgery. We herein report an acute case of right paraduodenal hernia with small bowel obstruction that was successfully treated with emergency laparoscopic surgery. With an early preoperative diagnosis, laparoscopic surgery is appropriate for the treatment of right paraduodenal hernia.
Laparoendoscopic removal of peroral extrusion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Authors: Mandhan Parkash , Wong Marilyn , Samarakkody Udaya 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntroductionVentriculoperitoneal shunts for hydrocephalic children are known to cause serious complications such as GI perforation. Peroral extrusion of the peritoneal part of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is very rare, and management could be a challenge.Materials and Surgical TechniqueAn 11‐year‐old girl presented with peroral extrusion of the distal end of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt tube. Endoscopy and imaging studies showed that the peritoneal end had perforated the stomach and then extruded from the mouth. We used a surgical technique that combined endoscopy and laparoscopy to manage this rare complication.DiscussionPeroral extrusion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt tube occurs secondary to perforation of the upper GI tract. Managing this condition involves removing the shunt tube, attention to the perforated viscus and associated infection. A combination of endoscopy and laparoscopy provided superior views, enabled identification of the site and size of the perforated viscus, and facilitated the uneventful removal of the tube.
Trends in Breastfeeding Initiation in the NICU by Gestational Age in Ohio, 2006–2012
Authors: Kachoria Rashmi , Oza‐Frank Reena 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundWhile breastfeeding in the United States is on the rise, trends among infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are less known. The objective of this study was to examine trends in breastfeeding initiation among NICU‐admitted infants in Ohio from 2006 to 2012 and to determine differences in breastfeeding initiation trends by gestational age.MethodsUsing Ohio Vital Statistics birth certificate data, the Cochran–Armitage test for trend was used to determine significant trends in breastfeeding by gestational age. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between breastfeeding initiation and gestational age by year.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2012, 48,758 infants born in Ohio were admitted to the NICU, representing 5.6 percent of all newborns. Breastfeeding among NICU‐admitted infants increased from 53.3 percent in 2006 to 63.8 percent in 2012 (p < 0.01). Increasing, significant trends in breastfeeding were also observed within each gestational age category over the 7 years. In 2011 and 2012, preterm infants were significantly more likely than term infants to be fed breastmilk in the NICU.DiscussionThe gap between breastfeeding initiation among NICU‐admitted and non‐admitted infants appears to be narrowing, particularly for the most extreme gestational ages. While these increasing trends in breastfeeding among the most premature infants are encouraging, nearly 40 percent of mothers of term infants admitted to the NICU, the largest proportion of the NICU population, are still not initiating breastfeeding. More education and support specific to mothers of infants admitted to the NICU is needed.
Selective endothelin A receptor antagonism with sitaxentan reduces neointimal lesion size in a mouse model of intraluminal injury
Authors: Duthie Karolina M , Hadoke Patrick W F , Kirkby Nicholas S , Miller Eileen , Ivy Jessica R , McShane John F , Lim Win Gel , Webb David J 
Published: January 2015

Background and PurposeEndothelin (ET) receptor antagonism reduces neointimal lesion formation in animal models. This investigation addressed the hypothesis that the selective ETA receptor antagonist sitaxentan would be more effective than mixed ETA/B receptor antagonism at inhibiting neointimal proliferation in a mouse model of intraluminal injury.Experimental ApproachAntagonism of ETA receptors by sitaxentan (1–100 nM) was assessed in femoral arteries isolated from adult, male C57Bl6 mice using isometric wire myography. Neointimal lesion development was induced by intraluminal injury in mice receiving sitaxentan (ETA antagonist; 15 mg·kg−1·day−1), A192621 (ETB antagonist; 30 mg·kg−1·day−1), the combination of both antagonists or vehicle. Treatment began 1 week before, and continued for 28 days after, surgery. Femoral arteries were then harvested for analysis of lesion size and composition.Key ResultsSitaxentan produced a selective, concentration‐dependent parallel rightward shift of ET‐1‐mediated contraction in isolated femoral arteries. Sitaxentan reduced neointimal lesion size, whereas ETB and combined ETA/B receptor antagonism did not. Macrophage and α‐smooth muscle actin content were unaltered by ET receptor antagonism but sitaxentan reduced the amount of collagen in lesions.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results suggest that ETA receptor antagonism would be more effective than combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonism at reducing neointimal lesion formation.
Subjective well‐being: what do adolescents say?
Authors: Navarro Dolors , Montserrat Carme , Malo Sara , González Mònica , Casas Ferran , Crous Gemma 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse how 10‐ to 15‐year‐old adolescents define their own perceptions of well‐being and the factors influencing it at their age. Ten focus groups were organized, two from each age group. One group for each age included the students with the lowest scores in subjective well‐being (SWB) and the other included those with the highest, according to their responses to previously administered psychometric scales. The views of the participating adolescents were explored by means of a content analysis. In general, the children mentioned both positive and negative elements of participating in defining what constitutes well‐being. According to these children, well‐being is related to both affects and attitudes, relations with family and friends being key factors in it. Differences in the information provided reveal some variations according to age and SWB score. Children scoring lower in SWB tend to refer more to relationships with friends and basic needs covered, whereas those scoring higher tend to refer more to family relationships and not having problems. The results of this research can contribute to both social policy design and appraisal as they provide an in‐depth understanding of how SWB works at these ages.
Skin and wound decontamination of multidrug‐resistant bacteria by cold atmospheric plasma coagulation
Authors: Daeschlein Georg , Napp Matthias , Lutze Stine , Arnold Andreas , von Podewils Sebastian , Guembel Denis , Jünger Michael 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackground and objectivesNovel concepts to limit the spread of multidrug‐resistant bacteria (MDR) are urgently needed. Since treatment with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has shown significant antibacterial properties, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of CAP to eliminate MDR‐ compared to non‐MDR‐pathogens in chronic wounds.MethodsEleven patients with 18 heavily colonized wounds were treated with a CE‐certified commercial argon‐based CAP source for 10 s/cm2 in one session. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed by calculating the microbial load before and after treatment.ResultsA single CAP treatment reduced MDR in all wounds. In 14 treatments (63.6 %) and for 16 pathogens (66.7 %), a 100 % reduction of the bacterial load was observed. For 11 of 17 (64.7 %) MDR‐pathogens and for 5 of 7 (71.4 %) other non‐MDR‐pathogens, complete eradication was achieved. The remaining 8 treatments showed reductions of 77.5 ± 18.6 % and the remaining pathogens a reduction of 74.8 ± 25.7 %.ConclusionsAs proof of principle, argon‐based CAP serves as a potent treatment modality that was shown to limit MDR microbial colonization. The possible role of CAP in clinical MDR decontamination must be evaluated in clinical trials with repeated plasma treatment embedded in a comprehensive hygienic decontamination concept.
Cardiometabolic risk profile of participants with prediabetes diagnosed by HbA1c criteria in an urban Hong Kong Chinese population over 40 years of age
Authors: Woo Y. C. , Cheung B. M. Y. , Yeung C. Y. , Lee C. H. , Hui E. Y. L. , Fong C. H. Y. , Tso A. W. K. , Tam S. , Lam K. S. L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimsTo investigate the usefulness of the additional measurement of HbA1c, compared with performing only the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in identifying participants at increased cardiometabolic risk, in an urban Chinese population.MethodsAll participants from the fourth visit of the population‐based Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factors Prevalence Study, without known diabetes, were included. All had their glycaemic status assessed by OGTT and HbA1c, according to American Diabetic Association 2010 criteria.ResultsBased on OGTT criteria alone, 3.5% of the study cohort (N = 1300) had diabetes and 19.2% had prediabetes. Based on HbA1c criteria only, 6.2% had diabetes and 61.2% had prediabetes. The measurement of HbA1c, in addition to the OGTT, increased the proportion of participants with diabetes to 7.8% and with prediabetes to 65.3%. Subjects with prediabetes having raised HbA1c but normal glycaemia (N = 600) had waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin resistance index (HOMA–IR), Gutt Index and Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular risk scores intermediate between those with both normal HbA1c and glycaemia (N = 350), and those with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance (N = 249; all P < 0.01).ConclusionThe measurement of HbA1c in our population, in addition to the OGTT, results in the detection of a large number of participants with prediabetes having raised HbA1c but normal glycaemia who have a cardiometabolic risk profile intermediate between impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance and normal participants, and would benefit from early lifestyle intervention.
Association between pulse pressure and risk of hospital admissions for cardiovascular events among people with Type 2 diabetes: a population‐based case–control study
Authors: Yu D. , Simmons D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between pulse pressure and risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular events among people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsA population‐based case–control study was carried out using data from medical databases. A total of 588 people with Type 2 diabetes from 18 general practices in Cambridgeshire recorded a first hospitalization for a cardiovascular event between 2009 and 2011, and a total of 2920 age‐matched, gender‐matched and practice‐matched control subjects with Type 2 diabetes were selected based on risk‐set sampling. Pulse pressure was assessed before admission in 2008–2009. Further dose–response relationships between pulse pressure and risks were explored using spline models.ResultsThere was a non‐linear relationship between pulse pressure and the risk of hospitalization for a cardiovascular event (P < 0.001 for linearity test). The pulse pressure associated with the lowest risk of hospitalization for a cardiovascular event was 61 (95% CI 57–63) mmHg.ConclusionIn people with Type 2 diabetes, pulse pressure is a good predictor of risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular events. The risk is lowest with a pulse pressure of 57–63 mmHg.
Biphasic vs basal bolus insulin regimen in Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang C. , Mamza J. , Idris I. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimWe aim to evaluate the effects of biphasic insulin compared with a basal bolus insulin regimen on glycaemic control, total daily insulin requirements, risk of hypoglycaemia, weight and quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for studies up to November 2013. Interventions that lasted for more than four weeks and were reported in English were considered for the review. Meta‐analysis was performed on eligible studies.ResultsFifteen randomized controlled trial studies, involving 4384 patients, were included. Greater HbA1c reductions were seen with basal‐bolus compared with biphasic insulin regimens, between‐treatment weighted mean difference (WMD) for baseline‐to‐endpoint changes in HbA1c was –0.2% (95% CI: –0.36 to –0.03) [–2.2 (–3.9, –0.3) mmol/mol]. In non‐insulin naïve (n = 8) patients with Type 2 diabetes, HbA1c reduction was greater in the basal bolus group; WMD = –0.22% (95% CI: –0.42 to –0.02) [–2.4 (–4.6, –0.2) mmol/mol], but in insulin naïve patients (n = 5), HbA1c was equivalent between the two regimens; WMD (–0.15% (95% CI: –0.52 to 0.22) [–1.6 (–5.7, 2.4) mmol/mol]. Total daily insulin requirements and weight were increased with both regimens, whereas hypoglycaemia rates were comparable between the two regimens. Greater HbA1c reduction was observed in the basal bolus group compared with the biphasic regimen at the expense of higher daily insulin requirements and weight gain, but with no greater risk of hypoglycaemia.ConclusionsBiphasic and basal bolus regimens were equally effective in reducing HbA1c in insulin naïve patients with Type 2 diabetes and both regimens are equally effective for initiating insulin in Type 2 diabetes.
Presumptions, Burdens, and Best Interests in Relocation Law
Authors: Thompson Rollie 
Published: January 2015

The pure “best interests” approach to relocation law is a failure. It is unpredictable and expensive, increasing conflict and discouraging settlement. The “fundamental questions” proposed by Parkinson and Cashmore in their article will not reform the law. Real reform will require the use of presumptions or burdens to guide best interests. “Presumptions” are not “rules,” but only starting points. No simple presumption “for” or “against” all relocations can be justified, but there are large categories of cases that do warrant presumptions: interim moves, unilateral relocations, shared care, and predominant primary caregivers. The first three involve presumptions against relocation, while the last—the largest category—warrants a presumption that relocation is in the best interests of the child, unless the contrary is proved. There will remain a small minority of in‐between cases where none of these presumptions will operate, recognizing the limits of our general knowledge. It is time to move the relocation reform debate beyond pure “best interests,” to the next stage, to a serious discussion of which cases warrant presumptions, and of what strength.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Pure best interests approach to relocation law is a failure
Presumptions or burdens needed to reform the law, but not just “for” or “against”
Presumptions are identified for four categories of relocation cases: interim moves, unilateral relocations, shared care, and predominant primary caregivers
A Rigorous Quasi‐Experimental Design to Evaluate the Causal Effect of a Mandatory Divorce Education Program
Authors: deLusé Stephanie R. , Braver Sanford L. 
Published: January 2015

All couples with minor children who filed for divorce within a specific 6‐week period (N = 191 couples) in one jurisdiction were ordered to attend a divorce education program. The control group included about 20 couples randomly selected from each of six 6‐week intervals before and six 6‐week intervals after the treatment interval (N = 243 couples). Archival records were searched for variables such as legal and residential custody award, visitation percentage, and relitigation. The impact of the program was assessed by evaluating, for each variable, whether the data for program interval departed from the straight (regression) line drawn through all the control group intervals. Only the visitation time award significantly differed: 27.75% for treatment couples and 22.46% for control couples. Analyses show that the father's attendance at the program primarily accounts for the difference.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
There are considerable methodological weaknesses in most of the existing evaluations of divorcing parent education programs.
Stronger, more scientifically rigorous—and thus persuasive—designs are possible in court settings, such as the regression discontinuity quasi‐experimental design we feature here.
Archival records, such as various court filings, are a rich and relatively untapped source of data.
Being mandated to attend a single 2‐hour divorcing parent education class caused an increase in the visitation time award in divorce decrees.
There is a disconnect between being mandated by a judge to attend a program and actual attendance.
Cognitive‐Behavioral Methods in High‐Conflict Divorce: Systematic Desensitization Adapted to Parent–Child Reunification Interventions
Authors: Garber Benjamin D. 
Published: January 2015

Children who are triangulated into their parents' conflicts can become polarized, aligning with one parent and rejecting the other. In response, courts often order families to engage mental health professionals to provide reunification interventions. This article adapts empirically established systematic desensitization and flooding procedures most commonly used to treat phobic children as possible components of a larger family systems invention designed to help the polarized child develop a healthy relationship with both parents. Strengths and weaknesses of these procedures are discussed and illustrated with case material.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Family law and psychology agree that children should have the opportunity to enjoy a healthy relationship with both parents
Adult conflict can polarize a child's relationships, including rejection of one parent
Existing clinical and forensic “reunification” strategies often prove inadequate
Reliable and valid cognitive behavioral methods can be adopted to facilitate this process
A cognitive‐behavioral “exposure‐based” reunification protocol is discussed
The connectivity of pore space in mudstones: insights from high‐pressure Wood's metal injection, BIB‐SEM imaging, and mercury intrusion porosimetry
Authors: Klaver J. , Hemes S. , Houben M. , Desbois G. , Radi Z. , Urai J. L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractStudy of the pore space in mudstones by mercury intrusion porosimetry is a common but indirect technique and it is not clear which part of the pore space is actually filled with mercury. We studied samples from the Opalinus Clay, Boom Clay, Haynesville Shale, and Bossier Shale Formations using Wood's metal injection at 316 MPa, followed by novel ion beam polishing and high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy. This method allowed us to analyze at high resolution which parts of a rock are intruded by the liquid alloy at mm to cm scale. Results from the Opalinus Clay and Haynesville Shale show Wood's Metal in cracks, but the majority of the pore space is not filled although mercury intrusion data suggests that this is the case. In the silt‐rich Boom Clay sample, the majority of the pore space was filled Wood's metal, with unfilled islands of smaller pores. Bossier Shale shows heterogeneous impregnation with local filling of pores as small as 10 nm. We infer that mercury intrusion data from these samples is partly due to crack filling and compression of the sample. This compaction is caused by effective stress developed by mercury pressure and capillary resistance; it can close small pore throats, prevent injection of the liquid metal, and indicate an apparent porosity. Our results suggest that many published MIP data on mudstones could contain serious artifacts and reliable metal intrusion porosimetry requires a demonstration that the metal has entered the pores, for example by Wood's metal injection, broad ion beam polishing, and scanning electron microscopy.