bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of kidney doses from [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE PRRT using single time point post-treatment SPECT/CT
Authors: Spink Safia , Gillett Daniel , Heard Sarah , Harper Ines , Casey Ruth , Aloj Luigi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Dosimetry after [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy can be demanding for both patients and the clinical service due to the need for imaging at several time points. In this work we compare three methods of single time point (STP) kidney dosimetry after [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy with a multiple time point (MTP) dosimetry method.

Method
Method 1 (MTP): Kidney doses were calculated from 31 patients including 107 therapy cycles. Post-therapy SPECT images were acquired on day 0, 4 and 7 along with a CT scan on day 4. A mono-exponential fit was used to calculate kidney doses using cycle specific data. Method 2 (Consistent effective half-life): The effective half-life $$\left({\text{T}}_{\text{e}\text{f}\text{f}}\right)$$ calculated in cycle 1 was assumed consistent for subsequent cycles of therapy and the activity scaled using a single day 3–5 SPECT/CT. Methods 3 and 4 (Hänscheid and Madsen approximations): The Hänscheid approximation and Madsen approximation were both evaluated using a single SPECT/CT acquired on day 0, 4 and 7. All STP methods were compared to the MTP method for accuracy.

Results
Using the MTP method, mean right and left kidney doses were calculated to be 2.9 ± 1.1 Gy and 2.8 ± 0.9 Gy respectively and the population $${\text{T}}_{\text{e}\text{f}\text{f}}$$ was 56 ± 13 h. For the consistent $${\text{T}}_{\text{e}\text{f}\text{f}}$$, Hänscheid and Madsen methods, the percentage of results within ± 20% of MTP method were 96% (n = 70), 95% (n = 80) and 94% (n = 80) respectively.

Conclusion
All three single time point methods had > 94% of results within ± 20% of the MTP method, however the consistent $${\text{T}}_{\text{e}\text{f}\text{f}}$$ method resulted in the highest alignment with the MTP method and is the only method which allows for calculation of the patient-specific $${\text{T}}_{\text{e}\text{f}\text{f}}$$. If only a single scan can be performed, day 4 is optimal for kidney dosimetry where the Hänscheid or Madsen approximation can be implemented with good accuracy.
Performance evaluation of the 3D-ring cadmium–zinc–telluride (CZT) StarGuide system according to the NEMA NU 1-2018 standard
Authors: Zorz Alessandra , Rossato Marco Andrea , Turco Paolo , Colombo Gomez Luca Maria , Bettinelli Andrea , De Monte Francesca , Paiusco Marta , Zucchetta Pietro , Cecchin Diego 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The application of semi-conductor detectors such as cadmium–zinc–telluride (CZT) in nuclear medicine improves extrinsic energy resolution and count sensitivity due to the direct conversion of gamma photons into electric signals. A 3D-ring pixelated CZT system named StarGuide was recently developed and implemented by GE HealthCare for SPECT acquisition. The system consists of 12 detector columns with seven modules of 16 × 16 CZT pixelated crystals, each with an integrated parallel-hole tungsten collimator. The axial coverage is 27.5 cm. The detector thickness is 7.25 mm, which allows acquisitions in the energy range [40–279] keV. Since there is currently no performance characterization specific to 3D-ring CZT SPECT systems, the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 1-2018 clinical standard can be tailored to these cameras. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the SPECT/CT StarGuide system according to the NEMA NU 1-2018 clinical standard specifically adapted to characterize the new 3D-ring CZT.

Results
Due to the integrated collimator, the system geometry and the pixelated nature of the detector, some NEMA tests have been adapted to the features of the system. The extrinsic measured energy resolution was about 5–6% for the tested isotopes (99mTc, 123I and 57Co); the maximum count rate was 760 kcps and the observed count rate at 20% loss was 917 kcps. The system spatial resolution in air extrapolated at 10 cm with 99mTc was 7.2 mm, while the SPECT spatial resolutions with scatter were 4.2, 3.7 and 3.6 mm in a central, radial and tangential direction respectively. Single head sensitivity value for 99mTc was 97 cps/MBq; with 12 detector columns, the system volumetric sensitivity reached 520 kcps MBq−1 cc−1.

Conclusions
The performance tests of the StarGuide can be performed according to the NEMA NU 1-2018 standard with some adaptations. The system has shown promising results, particularly in terms of energy resolution, spatial resolution and volumetric sensitivity, potentially leading to higher quality clinical images.
Intuitive eating in the COVID-19 era: a study with university students in Brazil
Authors: Ruiz Ana Corrêa , de Lara Machado Wagner , D’avila Helen Freitas , Feoli Ana Maria Pandolfo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The recurrence of weight gain is attributed to the homeostatic regulation of hunger and satiety signals, influenced by metabolic state, nutrient availability, and non-homeostatic mechanisms shaped by reinforced consequences from experiences. In response, Evelyn Tribole and Elyse Resch proposed Intuitive Eating (IE) in 1980, countering restrictive diets. IE, inversely correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI), binge eating, and anxiety/depression symptoms, fosters mind–body-food harmony by recognizing hunger and satiety cues. IE encourages meeting physiological, not emotional, needs, permitting unconditional eating, and relying on internal signals for food decisions. Amidst university students’ stress, exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding their eating behavior, particularly intuitive eating levels, becomes crucial.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the IE level of Brazilian students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This cross-sectional study, the first to analyze the Intuitive Eating of students in Brazil during the pandemic, was conducted using an online questionnaire.

Results
The sample comprised 1335 students, most of whom were women (82.17%), with a mean age of 26.12 ± 7.9 years, and a healthy nutritional status (57.58%). The mean IE score was 3.2 ± 0.6. A significant association was found between the confinement situation, the type of housing unit, and the IE subscale-Unconditional Permission to Eat (p = 0.043). However, there was no association between the other subscales and the total IE scale. Regarding self-reported mental and eating disorders, the most frequent were anxiety (21.2%), depression (6.5%), and binge eating disorder (BED) (4.7%). IE was negatively associated with BED (B =  − 0.66; p < .001), bulimia nervosa (B =  − 0.58; p < .001), body mass index (BMI) (p < .001) and self-reported anxiety (B =  − .102; p = 0.16). The male sex showed a higher IE score compared with the female sex (p < .001).

Conclusion
While no significant association was found between IE and the confinement situation, a significant association was found between housing type and the Unconditional Permission to Eat subscale.
Impact of cerebral microbleeds on bleeding and outcome after stroke thrombolysis
Authors: Afifi Khaled , Al-Ahmer Ibrahim , El-Hiebary Amira , Hassanein Shaimaa , Elkholy Mona , Elkapany Rasha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Cerebral microbleeds may be responsible for bleeding and poor functional outcome following thrombolysis of acute ischemic stroke. We tried to assess the association between cerebral microbleeds, hemorrhagic complication and functional outcome following intravenous thrombolysis in Egyptian acute ischemic stroke patients. We evaluated 66 acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis for cerebral microbleeds using T2* weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Gradient echo. Distribution, number, and predictors of microbleeds were assessed. The effect of microbleeds presence and burden on development of hemorrhage after thrombolysis and 90 days functional outcome was evaluated.

Results
Out of 66 stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis, 33 patients had microbleeds. Multivariate analysis shows that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, smoking and leukoaraiosis were independently associated with microbleeds. Post-thrombolysis symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 12/66 (18.1%). Multivariate analysis shows that high burden microbleeds (≥ 10), leukoaraiosis, stroke severity, delayed thrombolysis were independently associated with intracerebral hemorrhage. Post-thrombolysis hemorrhage was statistically higher in microbleeds group (51.5%) than non-microbleeds group (9.1%) (p < 0.001). Parenchymal hemorrhage represents (58.8%) of hemorrhagic cases in microbleeds group in comparison to (33.3%) of non-microbleeds group (p = 0.62). Parenchymal hemorrhage represents (50%) of hemorrhagic cases with microbleeds < 10, while it represents (100%) of hemorrhagic cases with microbleeds ≥ 10. Favorable modified Rankin Scale (0–2) was more prevalent in non-microbleeds group (72.7%) than microbleeds group (45.5%) at 90 days (p = 0.024). Favorable outcome at discharge and at 90 days was statistically more prevalent in patients with microbleeds < 10 (p = 0.004).

Conclusion
High burden cerebral microbleeds should be considered a risk for parenchymal hemorrhage following intravenous thrombolysis. The presence and burden of microbleeds may affect prognosis 90 days after thrombolytic therapy.
GLDOC: detection of implicitly malicious MS-Office documents using graph convolutional networks
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Yi Peng , Kou Taotao , Han Weitao , Wang Chengyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNowadays, the malicious MS-Office document has already become one of the most effective attacking vectors in APT attacks. Though many protection mechanisms are provided, they have been proved easy to bypass, and the existed detection methods show poor performance when facing malicious documents with unknown vulnerabilities or with few malicious behaviors. In this paper, we first introduce the definition of im-documents, to describe those vulnerable documents which show implicitly malicious behaviors and escape most of public antivirus engines. Then we present GLDOC—a GCN based framework that is aimed at effectively detecting im-documents with dynamic analysis, and improving the possible blind spots of past detection methods. Besides the system call which is the only focus in most researches, we capture all dynamic behaviors in sandbox, take the process tree into consideration and reconstruct both of them into graphs. Using each line to learn each graph, GLDOC trains a 2-channel network as well as a classifier to formulate the malicious document detection problem into a graph learning and classification problem. Experiments show that GLDOC has a comprehensive balance of accuracy rate and false alarm rate − 95.33% and 4.33% respectively, outperforming other detection methods. When further testing in a simulated 5-day attacking scenario, our proposed framework still maintains a stable and high detection accuracy on the unknown vulnerabilities.
Clinical findings and laboratory parameters associated with CO-RADS classification in children with COVID-19
Authors: Elmeazawy Rehab , EL-Moazen Ahmed Mohammed Farid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to determine whether there are proven associations between CO-RADS categorizations and clinical and laboratory findings in children diagnosed with COVID-19 infection.

Methods
This is a retrospective observational study that includes the clinical and radiological data of pediatric patients who were admitted to both Minia University Hospital and Minia Insurance Hospital with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, detected via reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) from nasopharyngeal swabs obtained between June 2022 and February 2023. Patients were divided into 5 groups based on the severity of involvement in chest CT.

Results
This study involved a total of 62 children who were confirmed to have COVID-19 infection. The most commonly observed symptoms in these children were fever (91.9%), shortness of breath (88.7%), and cough (87.1%). In addition, vomiting (24.2%), diarrhea (12.9%), impaired consciousness (11.2%), and convulsions (9.7%) were also reported. Significant differences were observed between CO-RADS classes in relation to patient gender, severity of respiratory distress, presence of cough, occurrence of diarrhea, elevated LDH levels, and prognosis.

Conclusion
The CO-RADS classification exhibited positive correlations with inflammatory biomarkers such as total leucocytic count, LDH, D-dimer, serum ferritin, and AST. Conversely, the CO-RADS classification showed negative correlations with ionized calcium levels, hemoglobin, and platelet count.
Bridging the gap: national virtual education programme for professionals caring for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities at the time of COVID-19
Authors: Thakur Anupam , Bobbette Nicole , Bond Victoria , Gonzales Angela , Lake Johanna , Lefkowitz Gill , Mia Nadia , Niel Ullanda , Sockalingam Sanjeev , Streisslberger Erica , Thomson Kendra , Volpe Tiziana , Lunsky Yona 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). During this period of uncertainty and need for up-to-date information, various virtual training programmes demonstrated the role of tele-mentoring programmes.AimThe aim of this paper is to describe the educational evaluation of the National Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes – Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (ECHO-AIDD), a programme for service providers working with adults with IDD during COVID-19.MethodThe programme consisted of six sessions, conducted weekly, over two cycles. Each session included didactic teaching by hub team members, COVID-19 news updates, wellness check-ins and a brief mindfulness activity, followed by a 30 to 45 min case-based discussion. The hub structure had an inter-professional approach to team expertise. Those with lived experience were an integral part of the content experts’ hub. Pre-, post- and follow-up evaluation data were collected.ResultsCare providers from health and social care sectors (n= 230) participated in the programme. High levels of engagement and satisfaction were reported. Self-efficacy ratings improved from pre- to post-, and were maintained at 8-week follow-up; improvement from pre- to post- was significant (P< 0.0001).ConclusionExposure to National ECHO-AIDD educational intervention led to improvement in perceived competencies. This study also shows the valuable role of people with lived experience in fostering adaptive expertise in learners. The outreach and scalability support the feasibility of building a national virtual community of practice for IDD service providers. Future studies should focus on studying the impact of these programmes on the health outcomes of people with IDD.
Cystinosis-Associated Metabolic Bone Disease Across Ages and CKD Stages 1 to 5D/T
Authors: Lahring Johannes , Leifheit-Nestler Maren , Ewert Annika , Herzig Nadine , Köppl Christian , Pott Veronika , Oh Jun , Büscher Anja , Thumfart Julia , Weber Lutz T , Arbeiter Klaus , Acham-Roschitz Birgit , Tönshoff Burkhard , Zivicnjak Miroslav , Hohenfellner Katharina , Haffner Dieter 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context
The pathophysiology of cystinosis-associated metabolic bone disease is complex.

Objective
We hypothesized a disturbed interaction between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Methods
This binational cross-sectional multicenter study included 103 patients with cystinosis (61% children) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1 to 5D/T at hospital clinics. Ten key bone markers were evaluated.

Results
Skeletal complications occurred in two-thirds of the patients, with adults having a 5-fold increased risk compared with children. Patients with CKD stages 1 to 3 showed reduced z-scores for serum phosphate and calcium and suppressed fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and parathyroid hormone levels, in conjunction with elevated bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels. Serum phosphate was associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate, combined phosphate and active vitamin D treatment, and native vitamin D supplementation, while serum calcium was associated with age and dosage of active vitamin D. Sclerostin was generally elevated in children, and associated with age, FGF23 levels, and treatment with active vitamin D and growth hormone. The osteoclast marker tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b was increased, and associated with age and treatment with active vitamin D. The ratio of soluble ligand of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), a surrogate for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis by osteoblasts, was decreased and associated with phosphate and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels. These changes were only partly corrected after transplantation.

Conclusion
Bone health in cystinosis deteriorates with age, which is associated with increased osteoclast activity despite counter-regulation of osteoblasts via OPG/RANKL, which in conjunction with elevated sclerostin levels and persistent rickets/osteomalacia, may promote progressive bone loss.
Rising Incidence, Health Resource Utilization, and Costs of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the United Kingdom
Authors: Berni Thomas R , Morgan Christopher L , Rees D Aled 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context
Trends in incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and effects on health resource utilization are unclear.

Objective
To describe trends in prevalence and incidence of PCOS in the United Kingdom. To establish healthcare resource use and associated costs.

Methods
Data were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum and Hospital Episode Statistics databases. Point prevalence and incidence were calculated (2004-2020). Patients with PCOS were matched to controls (1:1) by age, body mass index, and primary care practice. Primary care contacts were assigned an average cost and prescription items assigned a net ingredient cost. Inpatient admissions and outpatient consultations were processed into healthcare resource groups and costed to the national tariff.

Results
PCOS incidence increased from 1.22 per 1000 person years in 2004 to 1.77 (2012) and 2.20 (2019). Point prevalence increased from 1.02% (2004) to 2.2% (2012) and 3.5% (2020), and was highest in Asians. Mean contacts per person year (ppy) for patients with PCOS vs controls were 0.48 vs 0.29 for inpatients (P &lt; .001), 3.81 vs 2.15 for outpatients (P &lt; .001), and 6.43 vs 4.68 (P &lt; .001) for primary care. Mean healthcare costs (ppy) were £837 vs £493 (P &lt; .001) for inpatients, £444 vs £253 (P &lt; .001) for outpatients, £157 vs £112 for primary care, and £109 vs £83 (P &lt; .001) for primary care prescriptions. Total healthcare contacts ppy were 10.72 vs 7.11 (P &lt; .001) and total associated costs £1546 vs £940 (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
The incidence of PCOS has risen significantly. Health resource utilization and costs of PCOS are significantly greater than controls.
Distributed vibration and temperature sensing system by multiplexed fiber scattering spectra
Authors: Huang Minnan , Wang Zihao , Feng Yuxiang , Fan Jiaming , Wang Yishan , Lu Lidong 
Published: July 2024

A new, to the best of our knowledge, distributed optical fiber vibration and temperature hybrid sensing system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed system only employs two signal channels, which is more compact and practical. Based on the structure of the optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), the Rayleigh scattering light and the Raman anti-Stokes scattering light is extracted for vibration and temperature sensing, respectively. For vibration sensing, a new differential location algorithm based on polarization state analysis of the Rayleigh scattering light is proposed to locate the vibration events. It first rectifies the original OTDR traces by fiber attenuation compensation to make each position in it with the same pulse power level. And then, by difference of adjacent traces and threshold discrimination, the vibration positions are identified and located. For temperature sensing, a temperature calibration unit and algorithm are adopted to dynamically correct the trace data and reduce the temperature measurement error caused by the instability of the pulse laser source. The experiment is conducted with a fiber range of about 12 km and laser pulse width of 60 ns, and the experimental results show that the maximum error range for temperature measurement is −0.7∘C to 1.3°C, with a root mean square (RMS) error of 0.85°C in the entire temperature measurement range. Additionally, the spatial resolution (SR) for both vibration and temperature sensing is 6 m.
Self-reported food intolerance, dietary supplement use and malnutrition in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases: Findings from a cross-sectional study in Lebanon
Authors: Hoteit Maha , Ftouni Nour , Olayan Malak , Hallit Souheil , Karam Joya Maria , Hallal Mahmoud , Hotayt Samer , Hotayt Bilal 
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims
Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are known for a combination of food intolerance, decreased oral intake, and malabsorption which all predispose patients to malnutrition and suboptimal dietary intake. The present study was conducted to 1) examine self-reported food intolerances and dietary supplement use 2) assess nutritional intake 3) assess the nutritional status and screen for malnutrition among patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD).

Methods
48 patients with CIBDs (28 Crohn’s disease, 15 ulcerative colitis and 7 with atypical forms of IBD) took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire targeting dietary intakes and food trends over time. A questionnaire about food intolerance was also used. The nutritional status of patients with CIBDs was evaluated by a detailed history (medical diagnosis and medications and supplements administered) and by using the subjective global assessment (SGA) tool. Anthropometric data including height, weight, and BMI with body composition assessment using automated scales and stadiometer, while Bio-impedancemetry was used to measure body fat and visceral fat. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 27, employing mean values, standard deviations, absolute and relative frequencies and Pearson’s chi-square test, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results
Food intolerance was equally common in all the types of CIBD specifically for dairy products, spicy foods, and high-fiber food items (beans and raw vegetables). Individuals with CIBD were also complaining about meat and chicken products (68%), followed by alcohol and soda (64%) and fish and sea foods (59%). 17% of the patients were malnourished. A significant percentage of malnourished patients with CIBD had to follow a diet outside the flare, had a nutritional follow up, were currently taking corticosteroids and had a severe form of the disease compared to patients who were well nourished.

Conclusions
This study has contributed valuable insights into the understanding that some food items could be associated to periods of increased disease activity in CIBD patients and that awareness/intervention regarding nutrition must be provided by healthcare professionals (dietitians, physicians…) to decrease the need for second line therapy. In addition, this self-reported food intolerance paper gives an insight for patients on food items usually avoided by CIBD patients during flares.