bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved tactile speech perception and noise robustness using audio-to-tactile sensory substitution with amplitude envelope expansion
Authors: Fletcher Mark D. , Akis Esma , Verschuur Carl A. , Perry Samuel W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent advances in haptic technology could allow haptic hearing aids, which convert audio to tactile stimulation, to become viable for supporting people with hearing loss. A tactile vocoder strategy for audio-to-tactile conversion, which exploits these advances, has recently shown significant promise. In this strategy, the amplitude envelope is extracted from several audio frequency bands and used to modulate the amplitude of a set of vibro-tactile tones. The vocoder strategy allows good consonant discrimination, but vowel discrimination is poor and the strategy is susceptible to background noise. In the current study, we assessed whether multi-band amplitude envelope expansion can effectively enhance critical vowel features, such as formants, and improve speech extraction from noise. In 32 participants with normal touch perception, tactile-only phoneme discrimination with and without envelope expansion was assessed both in quiet and in background noise. Envelope expansion improved performance in quiet by 10.3% for vowels and by 5.9% for consonants. In noise, envelope expansion improved overall phoneme discrimination by 9.6%, with no difference in benefit between consonants and vowels. The tactile vocoder with envelope expansion can be deployed in real-time on a compact device and could substantially improve clinical outcomes for a new generation of haptic hearing aids.
Classification of rotation-invariant biomedical images using equivariant neural networks
Authors: Bengtsson Bernander Karl , Sintorn Ida-Maria , Strand Robin , Nyström Ingela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an imaging technique used to visualize and analyze nano-sized structures and objects such as virus particles. Light microscopy can be used to diagnose diseases or characterize e.g. blood cells. Since samples under microscopes exhibit certain symmetries, such as global rotation invariance, equivariant neural networks are presumed to be useful. In this study, a baseline convolutional neural network is constructed in the form of the commonly used VGG16 classifier. Thereafter, it is modified to be equivariant to the p4 symmetry group of rotations of multiples of 90° using group convolutions. This yields a number of benefits on a TEM virus dataset, including higher top validation set accuracy by on average 7.6% and faster convergence during training by on average 23.1% of that of the baseline. Similarly, when training and testing on images of blood cells, the convergence time for the equivariant neural network is 7.9% of that of the baseline. From this it is concluded that augmentation strategies for rotation can be skipped. Furthermore, when modelling the accuracy versus amount of TEM virus training data with a power law, the equivariant network has a slope of − 0.43 compared to − 0.26 of the baseline. Thus the equivariant network learns faster than the baseline when more training data is added. This study extends previous research on equivariant neural networks applied to images which exhibit symmetries to isometric transformations.
Semantic and traditional feature fusion for software defect prediction using hybrid deep learning model
Authors: Abdu Ahmed , Zhai Zhengjun , Abdo Hakim A. , Algabri Redhwan , Al-masni Mohammed A. , Muhammad Mannan Saeed , Gu Yeong Hyeon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSoftware defect prediction aims to find a reliable method for predicting defects in a particular software project and assisting software engineers in allocating limited resources to release high-quality software products. While most earlier research has concentrated on employing traditional features, current methodologies are increasingly directed toward extracting semantic features from source code. Traditional features often fall short in identifying semantic differences within programs, differences that are essential for the development of reliable and effective prediction models. In contrast, semantic features cannot present statistical metrics about the source code, such as the code size and complexity. Thus, using only one kind of feature negatively affects prediction performance. To bridge the gap between the traditional and semantic features, we propose a novel defect prediction model that integrates traditional and semantic features using a hybrid deep learning approach to address this limitation. Specifically, our model employs a hybrid CNN-MLP classifier: the convolutional neural network (CNN) processes semantic features extracted from projects’ abstract syntax trees (ASTs) using Word2vec. In contrast, the traditional features extracted from the dataset repository are processed by a multilayer perceptron (MLP). Outputs of CNN and MLP are then integrated and fed into a fully connected layer for defect prediction. Extensive experiments are conducted on various open-source projects to validate CNN-MLP’s effectiveness. Experimental results indicate that CNN-MLP can significantly enhance defect prediction performance. Furthermore, CNN-MLP’s improvements outperform existing methods in non-effort-aware and effort-aware cases.
Variations in the expression of odorant binding and chemosensory proteins in the developmental stages of whitefly Bemisia tabaci Asia II-1
Authors: Gouda M. N. Rudra , Subramanian S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is considered as a species complex with 46 cryptic species, with Asia II-1 being predominant in Asia. This study addresses a significant knowledge gap in the characterization of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in Asia II-1. We explored the expression patterns of OBPs and CSPs throughout their developmental stages and compared the motif patterns of these proteins. Significant differences in expression patterns were observed for the 14 OBPs and 14 CSPs of B. tabaci Asia II-1, with OBP8 and CSP4 showing higher expression across the developmental stages. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that OBP8 and CSP4 form distinct clades, with OBP8 appearing to be an ancestral gene, giving rise to the evolution of other odorant-binding proteins in B. tabaci. The genomic distribution of OBPs and CSPs highlights gene clustering on the chromosomes, suggesting functional conservation and evolutionary events following the birth-and-death model. Molecular docking studies indicate strong binding affinities of OBP8 and CSP4 with various odour compounds like β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene, reinforcing their roles in host recognition and reproductive functions. This study elaborates on our understanding of the putative roles of different OBPs and CSPs in B. tabaci Asia II-1, hitherto unexplored. The dynamics of the expression of OBPs and CSPs and their interactions with odour compounds offer scope for developing innovative methods for controlling this global invasive pest.
Ocean warming and acidification adjust inter- and intra-specific variability in the functional trait expression of polar invertebrates
Authors: Williams Thomas J. , Reed Adam J. , Peck Lloyd S. , Godbold Jasmin A. , Solan Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate change is known to affect the distribution and composition of species, but concomitant alterations to functionally important aspects of behaviour and species-environment relations are poorly constrained. Here, we examine the ecosystem ramifications of changes in sediment-dwelling invertebrate bioturbation behaviour—a key process mediating nutrient cycling—associated with near-future environmental conditions (+ 1.5 °C, 550 ppm [pCO2]) for species from polar regions experiencing rapid rates of climate change. We find that responses to warming and acidification vary between species and lead to a reduction in intra-specific variability in behavioural trait expression that adjusts the magnitude and direction of nutrient concentrations. Our analyses also indicate that species behaviour is not predetermined, but can be dependent on local variations in environmental history that set population capacities for phenotypic plasticity. We provide evidence that certain, but subtle, aspects of inter- and intra-specific variation in behavioural trait expression, rather than the presence or proportional representation of species per se, is an important and under-appreciated determinant of benthic biogeochemical responses to climate change. Such changes in species behaviour may act as an early warning for impending ecological transitions associated with progressive climate forcing.
Investigating the applicability of novel hydrate dissociation inhibitors in oilwell cement through molecular simulations
Authors: Bu Yuhuan , Lu Zilong , Lu Chang , Liu Huajie , Guo Shenglai , Liu Hexing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the field of hydrate formation cementing, the method of developing the low hydration exothermic cement systems cannot effectively solve the problem of hydrate dissociation caused by the hydration heat release of cement. Therefore, we proposed a new approach to address this issue by employing cement additives that can effectively delay the dissociation of hydrate. In our previous work, we designed a novel hydrate dissociation inhibitor, PVCap/dmapma, however, its applicability with cement slurry remains unverified. In this study, we established a more realistic model of oilwell cement gel based on experimental data. Additionally, we investigated the potential effects of PVCap/dmapma on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cement gel through molecular simulations. The results suggest that PVCap/dmapma has no negative effect on the performance of cement slurry compared to Lecithin. By adding PVCap/dmapma to cement slurry, the problem of cementing in hydrate formations is expected to be solved.
A digital twin for parallel liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: He Mengjia , Faderl Dilara , MacKinnon Neil , Cheng Yen-Tse , Buyens Dominique , Jouda Mazin , Luy Burkhard , Korvink Jan G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOne approach to increasing nuclear magnetic resonance measurement sample throughput is to implement multiple, independent detection sites. However, the presence of radio frequency interference poses a challenge in multi-detector systems, particularly in unshielded coil arrays lacking sufficient electrical isolation. This issue can lead to unwanted coupling of inductive coils, resulting in excitation pulse interference and signal transfer among multiple detection sites. Here we propose a theoretical framework that combines electromagnetic simulation with spin-dynamic calculations. This framework enables the evaluation of coil coupling effects, the design of parallel pulse sequences to mitigate inter-channel coupling, and the separation of composite free induction decays obtained from multiple detectors. The parallel pulse compensation scheme was validated by a 2-channel parallel spectroscopy experiment. These results provide valuable insights for the design of parallel nuclear magnetic resonance hardware and for exploring the limits of parallelization capacity within a fixed magnet system.
LINE-1 RNA triggers matrix formation in bone cells via a PKR-mediated inflammatory response
Authors: Mangiavacchi Arianna , Morelli Gabriele , Reppe Sjur , Saera-Vila Alfonso , Liu Peng , Eggerschwiler Benjamin , Zhang Huoming , Bensaddek Dalila , Casanova Elisa A , Medina Gomez Carolina , Prijatelj Vid , Della Valle Francesco , Atinbayeva Nazerke , Izpisua Belmonte Juan Carlos , Rivadeneira Fernando , Cinelli Paolo , Gautvik Kaare Morten , Orlando Valerio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic modules of viral derivation that have been co-opted to become modulators of mammalian gene expression. TEs are a major source of endogenous dsRNAs, signaling molecules able to coordinate inflammatory responses in various physiological processes. Here, we provide evidence for a positive involvement of TEs in inflammation-driven bone repair and mineralization. In newly fractured mice bone, we observed an early transient upregulation of repeats occurring concurrently with the initiation of the inflammatory stage. In human bone biopsies, analysis revealed a significant correlation between repeats expression, mechanical stress and bone mineral density. We investigated a potential link between LINE-1 (L1) expression and bone mineralization by delivering a synthetic L1 RNA to osteoporotic patient-derived mesenchymal stem cells and observed a dsRNA-triggered protein kinase (PKR)-mediated stress response that led to strongly increased mineralization. This response was associated with a strong and transient inflammation, accompanied by a global translation attenuation induced by eIF2α phosphorylation. We demonstrated that L1 transfection reshaped the secretory profile of osteoblasts, triggering a paracrine activity that stimulated the mineralization of recipient cells.
Differential changes in end organ immune cells and inflammation in salt-sensitive hypertension: effects of increasing M2 macrophages
Authors: Navaneethabalakrishnan Shobana , Goodlett Bethany L. , Smith Hannah L. , Montalvo Robert A. , Cardenas Alyssa , Mitchell Brett M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHTN) is associated with M1 macrophage polarization and inflammatory responses, leading to inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis and functional impairment across multiple organs, including kidneys and gonads. However, it remains unclear whether promoting M2 macrophage polarization can alleviate the hypertension, inflammation, and end organ damage in mice with salt sensitive hypertension (SSHTN). Male and female mice were made hypertensive by administering nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 0.5 mg/ml) for 2 weeks in the drinking water, followed by a 2-week interval without any treatments, and a subsequent high salt diet for 3 weeks (SSHTN). AVE0991 (AVE) was intraperitoneally administered concurrently with the high salt diet. Control mice were provided standard diet and tap water. AVE treatment significantly attenuated BP and inflammation in mice with SSHTN. Notably, AVE promoted M2 macrophage polarization, decreased pro-inflammatory immune cell populations, and improved function in renal and gonadal tissues of mice with SSHTN. Additionally, AVE decreased lymphangiogenesis in the kidneys and testes of male SSHTN mice and the ovaries of female SSHTN mice. These findings highlight the effectiveness of AVE in mitigating SSHTN-induced elevated BP, inflammation, and end organ damage by promoting M2 macrophage polarization and suppressing pro-inflammatory immune responses. Targeting macrophage polarization emerges as a promising therapeutic approach for alleviating inflammation and organ damage in SSHTN. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying AVE-mediated effects and to assess its clinical potential in managing SSHTN.
Configuration of multi‐shaper Time‐Sensitive Networking for industrial applications
Authors: Pop Paul , Alexandris Konstantinos , Wang Tongtong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIEEE 802.1 Time‐Sensitive Networking (TSN) has proposed several shapers, for example, time‐aware shaper (TAS, 802.1Qbv), asynchronous traffic shaping (ATS, 802.1Qcr), credit‐based shaper (CBS, 802.1Qav), and cyclic queuing and forwarding (CQF, 802.1Qch). The shapers have their advantages and disadvantages and can be used in isolation or in combination to address the varied timing requirements of industrial application streams. There is very limited work on how to analyse and configure shaper combinations. The authors are interested in the configuration optimisation of multi‐shaper TSN networks, targeting the TAS + CBS, TAS + ATS, and TAS + Multi‐CQF combinations. The authors first propose multi‐shaper integration approaches, focusing on a novel iterative delay analysis for TAS + ATS, an approach to integrate TAS and CQF by placing constraints on TAS scheduling as well as the TAS and CBS integration. We formulate the combinatorial optimisation problem of configuring multi‐shaper TSN networks, which consists, for example, of the routing of streams, the assignment of streams to the egress port queues, and the synthesis of gate control lists for TAS. Then, the authors propose a solution based on a simulated annealing metaheuristic. The proposed solutions are evaluated on large realistic test cases, up to tens of thousands of streams and devices.
Pediatric Syncope: Is the Diagnostic Guideline Implemented and
Adhered to?
Authors: Gatamova Diane , Kiess Wieland , DallaPozza Robert , Merkenschlager Andreas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background We sought to investigate adherence to the current pediatric
syncope guideline in the emergency department and its impact on the frequency of
missed or unnecessary diagnostic measures. For the first time, in 2014 updated
guideline defines indispensable basic diagnostic measures and a consecutive
algorithm for safe clinical decision making.
Patients and method We analyzed retrospectively 314 pediatric patients,
166 were presented before and 148 after publication of this guideline
update.
Results After guideline publication, 54 patients (36.5%) were not treated
in accordance with the guideline and 2 (0.63%) cases caused by epileptic
seizures were initially misdiagnosed as reflex syncope. Among these 54 patients,
32 (59.3%) inpatient admissions were inappropriate, as well as 11 (20.4%)
electroencephalographies, 4 (7.4%) sleep-deprivation EEGs, 2 (3.7%) magnetic
resonance imaging, 5 (9.3%) urine diagnostics and 32 (59.3%) blood tests. In 21
cases (38.9%), the medical history was insufficient. ECG was missed in 42
patients (77.8%). There was no significant difference between the pre- and
post-guideline groups concerning diagnostic work-up (p=0,12).
Discussion This non-compliance with the guideline did not cause a large
number of misdiagnosed epileptic seizures (1.4%) or adverse outcomes but led to
waste of resources in healthcare system and undue burdens on patients and their
families.
Conclusion In addition to establishment of clinical guidelines, the need
for additional measures and strategies to promote their implementation seems
obvious.
1,2-Bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene (BPSE): A Potent Radical C2 Synthon Available in the Radical and Electron-Transfer-Based Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ryu Ilhyong , Landais Yannick , Sumino Shuhei , Robert Frédéric 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this Short Review, we discuss radical reactions using 1,2-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene (BPSE), which has drawn significant attention as a versatile building block for (phenylsulfonyl)ethenylation. Regardless of its E or Z form, BPSE exhibits reliable reactivity towards the attack of alkyl and aryl radicals in order to function as a reliable radical C2 synthon.1	Introduction2	Use in Radical Chain Reactions3	Use in Reactions Utilizing an Electron-Transfer Process4	Use in Radical-Based C–H Alkenylation5	Conclusion
Early Diagnosis of Sepsis: The Role of Biomarkers and Rapid Microbiological Tests
Authors: Plata-Menchaca Erika P. , Ruiz-Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Ferrer Ricard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSepsis is a medical emergency resulting from a dysregulated response to an infection, causing preventable deaths and a high burden of morbidity. Protocolized and accurate interventions in sepsis are time-critical. Therefore, earlier recognition of cases allows for preventive interventions, early treatment, and improved outcomes. Clinical diagnosis of sepsis by clinical scores cannot be considered an early diagnosis, given that underlying molecular pathophysiological mechanisms have been activated in the preceding hour or days. There is a lack of a widely available tool enhancing preclinical diagnosis of sepsis. Sophisticated technologies for sepsis prediction have several limitations, including high costs. Novel technologies for fast molecular and microbiological diagnosis are focusing on bedside point-of-care combined testing to reach most settings where sepsis represents a challenge.
Investigation of Correlation between Communication Skills and Self-Reported Elder Mistreatment in Family Abuse
Authors: Zarei Sogra , Esmaeilpour-Bandboni Mohammad , Mansour-Ghanaei Roya , Alizadeh Iman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction In today's world, old age has become an important global phenomenon following the increase in life expectancy and the decrease in birth rates. Communication skills are an important requirement in old age. Changing role of the family and existing tensions, mental pressures, and modern life undermine the social position of the elderly and lead to abuse of the elderly by family members. The goal of the present study is to determine the relationship between communication skills and family self-reported domestic abuse among older adult in Iran.
Materials and Methods For this cross-sectional-analytical study, 153 elderly adult people admitted in hospitals of the Guilan province were randomly selected. The research instruments were the following questionnaires: demographic characteristics, abbreviated mental test (AMT), the Persian version of Domestic Elder Abuse Questionnaire, family mistreatment of the elderly (Heravy), and Queendom Communication Skill Test–Revise (QCSTR). The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive (frequency distribution tables, mean, and standard deviation [SD]) and analytical statistics (Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Spearman's correlation tests) considering the significance level of 0.05.
Results A majority of the elderly were men (51%), were in the age group of 60 to 69 years (72.5%) and married (75.5%), did not hold high school diploma (88.8%), had four to five children (41.2%) with low income (75.9%), and suffered from chronic diseases (68.6%). The mean score of communication skills was 129.09 ± 12.60. The mean score of domestic elder abuse was 2.89 ± 3.97. Communication skills have a significant relationship with age and marital status, but not with sex, education level, income, and chronic disease. There is an inverse correlation between communication skills and domestic elder_abuse (p < 0.001, r = −0.468).
Conclusion Communication skills are one of the influential factors of domestic violence. Therefore, to prevent or reduce the amount of violence, it is recommended that family members increase the communication skills of the elderly.