bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older People, Personalisation and Self: an alternative to the consumerist paradigm in social care
Authors: O'ROURKE GARETH 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTPersonalisation of social care for adults is a key policy objective in the United Kingdom (UK), as in many other welfare states, having gained wide acceptance as essential for the empowerment of service users and as a means of managing increasing population demand. The system of personal budgets being established in the UK pursues twin objectives: aiming to ‘empower’ individuals to achieve ‘more for less’. However, there is mixed evidence that either objective is being achieved in practice. This is especially so in respect of older people who are less likely to accept a personal budget and more likely to be dissatisfied with their experience of using one. A qualitative study of eight cases in two local authority areas in England explored older people's experience of using a personal budget taken in the form of a direct payment. Data were elicited through a series of three in-depth interviews with each participant. The study was concerned with understanding the relationship between participants' experience of ‘Self’ and personalised services. Participants experienced personalisation when paid carers perceived and accommodated their ‘special requirements of Self’. In most cases this was achieved despite the consumerist aspects of personalisation rather than because of them, and often gave rise to risk and dilemma. The findings emphasise the importance of holistic assessment, and commissioning for quality over maximising choice.
Maximum load of flexible joint manipulators using nonlinear controllers
Authors: Korayem A. H. , Rahagi M. Irani , Babaee H. , Korayem M. H. 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYThe main innovation of this paper is determining the dynamic load carrying capacity (DLCC) of a flexible joint manipulator (FJM) using a closed form nonlinear optimal control approach. The proposed method is compared with two closed loop nonlinear methods that are usually applied to robotic systems. As a new idea, DLCC of the manipulator is considered as a criterion to compare how well controllers perform point to point mission for the FJMs. The proposed method is compared with feedback linearization (FL) and robust sliding mode control (SMC) methods to show better performance of proposed nonlinear optimal control approach. An optimal controller is designed by solving a nonlinear partial differential equation named the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. This equation is complicated to solve exactly for complex dynamics so it is solved numerically using an iterative approximation combined with the Galerkin method. In the FL method, angular position, velocity, acceleration and jerk of links are considered as new states to linearize the dynamic equations. In the case of SMC, the dynamic equations of manipulator are changed to the standard form then the Slotine method is used to design the sliding mode controller. Two simulations are performed for a planar and a spatial Puma manipulator and performances of controllers are compared. Finally an experimental test is done on 6R manipulator and the Stereo vision method is used to determine the position and orientation of the end-effector.
The Use of Haddon’s Matrix to Plan for Injury and Illness Prevention at Outdoor Music Festivals
Authors: Hutton Alison , Savage Christine , Ranse Jamie , Finnell Deb , Kub Joan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionMass-gathering music events, such as outdoor music festivals (OMFs), increase the risk of injuries and illnesses among attendees. This increased risk is associated with access to alcohol and other drugs by young people and an environment that places many people in close contact with each other.AimThe purpose of this report was to demonstrate how Haddon’s matrix was used to examine the factors that contributed to injuries and illnesses that occurred at 26 OMFs using data from the Ranse and Hutton’s minimum data set.MethodsTo help understand the kinds of injuries and illnesses experienced, Hutton et al identified previous patterns of patient presentations at 26 OMFs in Australia. To develop effective prevention strategies, the next logical step was to examine the risk factors associated with each illness/injury event. The Haddon matrix allows event practitioners to formulate anticipatory planning for celebratory-type events.ResultsWhat was evident from this work was that the host, the agent, and the physical and social environments contributed to the development of injuries and illness at an event. The physical environment could be controlled, to a certain extent, through event design, safety guidelines, and legislation. However, balancing cultural norms, such as the importance placed on celebratory events, with the social environment is more difficult.DiscussionThe use of the Haddon matrix demonstrates that interventions need to be targeted at all stages of the event, particularly both pre-event and during the event. The opportunity to promote health is lost by the time of post event. The matrix provided vital information on what factors may contribute to injury at OMFs; form this information, event planners can strategize possible interventions.HuttonA,SavageC,RanseJ,FinnellD,KubJ.The use of Haddon’s matrix to plan for injury and illness prevention at outdoor music festivals.Prehosp Disaster Med2015;30(2):1-9
Factors Associated with Failure of Non-invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in a Critical Care Helicopter Emergency Medical Service
Authors: Lee James S. , O’Dochartaigh Domhnall , MacKenzie Mark , Hudson Darren , Couperthwaite Stephanie , Villa-Roel Cristina , Rowe Brian H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionNon-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is used to treat severe acute respiratory distress. Prehospital NIPPV has been associated with a reduction in both in-hospital mortality and the need for invasive ventilation.Hypothesis/ProblemThe authors of this study examined factors associated with NIPPV failure and evaluated the impact of NIPPV on scene times in a critical care helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS). Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation failure was defined as the need for airway intervention or alternative means of ventilatory support.MethodsA retrospective chart review of consecutive patients where NIPPV was completed in a critical care HEMS was conducted. Factors associated with NIPPV failure in univariate analyses and from published literature were included in a multivariable, logistic regression model.ResultsFrom a total of 44 patients, NIPPV failed in 14 (32%); a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) <15 at HEMS arrival was associated independently with NIPPV failure (adjusted odds ratio 13.9; 95% CI, 2.4-80.3; P=.003). Mean scene times were significantly longer in patients who failed NIPPV when compared with patients in whom NIPPV was successful (95 minutes vs 51 minutes; 39.4 minutes longer; 95% CI, 16.2-62.5; P=.001).ConclusionPatients with a decreased level of consciousness were more likely to fail NIPPV. Furthermore, patients who failed NIPPV had significantly longer scene times. The benefits of NIPPV should be balanced against risks of long scene times by HEMS providers. Knowing risk factors of NIPPV failure could assist HEMS providers to make the safest decision for patients on whether to initiate NIPPV or proceed directly to endotracheal intubation prior to transport.LeeJS, O’DochartaighD, MacKenzieM, HudsonD, CouperthwaiteS, Villa-RoelC, RoweBH. Factors associated with failure of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in a critical care helicopter Emergency Medical Service. Prehosp Disaster Med2015; 30(2): 1–5
B-cell activating factor in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma: a target for therapy?
Authors: Hengeveld P J , Kersten M J 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a currently incurable malignancy of plasma cells. Malignant myeloma cells (MMCs) are heavily dependent upon the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment for their survival. One component of this tumor microenvironment, B-Cell Activating Factor (BAFF), has been implicated as a key player in this interaction. This review discusses the role of BAFF in the pathophysiology of MM, and the potential of BAFF-inhibitory therapy for the treatment of MM. Multiple studies have shown that BAFF functions as a survival factor for MMCs. Furthermore, MMCs express several BAFF-binding receptors. Of these, only Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor (TACI) correlates with the MMC’s capability to ligate BAFF. Additionally, the level of expression of TACI correlates with the level of the MMC’s BM dependency. Ligation of BAFF receptors on MMCs causes activation of the Nuclear Factor of κ-B (NF-κB) pathway, a crucial pathway for the pathogenesis of many B-cell malignancies. Serum BAFF levels are significantly elevated in MM patients when compared to healthy controls, and correlate inversely with overall survival. BAFF signaling is thus an interesting target for the treatment of MM. Several BAFF-inhibitory drugs are currently under evaluation for the treatment of MM. These include BAFF-monoclonal antibodies (tabalumab) and antibody-drug conjugates (GSK2857916).
Predicting clinical response to anticancer drugs using an ex vivo platform that captures tumour heterogeneity
Authors: Majumder Biswanath , Baraneedharan Ulaganathan , Thiyagarajan Saravanan , Radhakrishnan Padhma , Narasimhan Harikrishna , Dhandapani Muthu , Brijwani Nilesh , Pinto Dency D. , Prasath Arun , Shanthappa Basavaraja U. , Thayakumar Allen , Surendran Rajagopalan , Babu Govind K. , Shenoy Ashok M. , Kuriakose Moni A. , Bergthold Guillaume , Horowitz Peleg , Loda Massimo , Beroukhim Rameen , Agarwal Shivani , Sengupta Shiladitya , Sundaram Mallikarjun , Majumder Pradip K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPredicting clinical response to anticancer drugs remains a major challenge in cancer treatment. Emerging reports indicate that the tumour microenvironment and heterogeneity can limit the predictive power of current biomarker-guided strategies for chemotherapy. Here we report the engineering of personalized tumour ecosystems that contextually conserve the tumour heterogeneity, and phenocopy the tumour microenvironment using tumour explants maintained in defined tumour grade-matched matrix support and autologous patient serum. The functional response of tumour ecosystems, engineered from 109 patients, to anticancer drugs, together with the corresponding clinical outcomes, is used to train a machine learning algorithm; the learned model is then applied to predict the clinical response in an independent validation group of 55 patients, where we achieve 100% sensitivity in predictions while keeping specificity in a desired high range. The tumour ecosystem and algorithm, together termed the CANScript technology, can emerge as a powerful platform for enabling personalized medicine.
Checkpoints are blind to replication restart and recombination intermediates that result in gross chromosomal rearrangements
Authors: Mohebi Saed , Mizuno Ken’Ichi , Watson Adam , Carr Antony M. , Murray Johanne M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReplication fork inactivation can be overcome by homologous recombination, but this can cause gross chromosomal rearrangements that subsequently missegregate at mitosis, driving further chromosome instability. It is unclear when the chromosome rearrangements are generated and whether individual replication problems or the resulting recombination intermediates delay the cell cycle. Here we have investigated checkpoint activation during HR-dependent replication restart using a site-specific replication fork-arrest system. Analysis during a single cell cycle shows that HR-dependent replication intermediates arise in S phase, shortly after replication arrest, and are resolved into acentric and dicentric chromosomes in G2. Despite this, cells progress into mitosis without delay. Neither the DNA damage nor the intra-S phase checkpoints are activated in the first cell cycle, demonstrating that these checkpoints are blind to replication and recombination intermediates as well as to rearranged chromosomes. The dicentrics form anaphase bridges that subsequently break, inducing checkpoint activation in the second cell cycle.
3D hotspots of recurrent retroviral insertions reveal long-range interactions with cancer genes
Authors: Babaei Sepideh , Akhtar Waseem , de Jong Johann , Reinders Marcel , de Ridder Jeroen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGenomically distal mutations can contribute to the deregulation of cancer genes by engaging in chromatin interactions. To study this, we overlay viral cancer-causing insertions obtained in a murine retroviral insertional mutagenesis screen with genome-wide chromatin conformation capture data. Here we find that insertions tend to cluster in 3D hotspots within the nucleus. The identified hotspots are significantly enriched for known cancer genes, and bear the expected characteristics of bona fide regulatory interactions, such as enrichment for transcription factor-binding sites. In addition, we observe a striking pattern of mutual exclusive integration. This is an indication that insertions in these loci target the same gene, either in their linear genomic vicinity or in their 3D spatial vicinity. Our findings shed new light on the repertoire of targets obtained from insertional mutagenesis screening and underline the importance of considering the genome as a 3D structure when studying effects of genomic perturbations.
Symbiodinium thermophilum sp. nov., a thermotolerant symbiotic alga prevalent in corals of the world's hottest sea, the Persian/Arabian Gulf
Authors: Hume B. C. C. , D'Angelo C. , Smith E. G. , Stevens J. R. , Burt J. , Wiedenmann J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCoral reefs are in rapid decline on a global scale due to human activities and a changing climate. Shallow water reefs depend on the obligatory symbiosis between the habitat forming coral host and its algal symbiont from the genus Symbiodinium (zooxanthellae). This association is highly sensitive to thermal perturbations and temperatures as little as 1°C above the average summer maxima can cause the breakdown of this symbiosis, termed coral bleaching. Predicting the capacity of corals to survive the expected increase in seawater temperatures depends strongly on our understanding of the thermal tolerance of the symbiotic algae. Here we use molecular phylogenetic analysis of four genetic markers to describe Symbiodinium thermophilum, sp. nov. from the Persian/Arabian Gulf, a thermally tolerant coral symbiont. Phylogenetic inference using the non-coding region of the chloroplast psbA gene resolves S. thermophilum as a monophyletic lineage with large genetic distances from any other ITS2 C3 type found outside the Gulf. Through the characterisation of Symbiodinium associations of 6 species (5 genera) of Gulf corals, we demonstrate that S. thermophilum is the prevalent symbiont all year round in the world's hottest sea, the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf.
Response surface optimization of culture medium for enhanced docosahexaenoic acid production by a Malaysian thraustochytrid
Authors: Manikan Vidyah , Kalil Mohd Sahaid , Hamid Aidil Abdul 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) plays a vital role in the enhancement of human health, particularly for cognitive, neurological and visual functions. Marine microalgae, such as members of the genus Aurantiochytrium, are rich in DHA and represent a promising source of omega-3 fatty acids. In this study, levels of glucose, yeast extract, sodium glutamate and sea salt were optimized for enhanced lipid and DHA production by a Malaysian isolate of thraustochytrid, Aurantiochytrium sp. SW1, using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized medium contained 60 g/L glucose, 2 g/L yeast extract, 24 g/L sodium glutamate and 6 g/L sea salt. This combination produced 17.8 g/L biomass containing 53.9% lipid (9.6 g/L) which contained 44.07% DHA (4.23 g/L). The optimized medium was used in a scale-up run, where a 5 L bench-top bioreactor was employed to verify the applicability of the medium at larger scale. This produced 24.46 g/L biomass containing 38.43% lipid (9.4 g/L), of which 47.87% was DHA (4.5 g/L). The total amount of DHA produced was 25% higher than that produced in the original medium prior to optimization. This result suggests that Aurantiochytrium sp. SW1 could be developed for industrial application as a commercial DHA-producing microorganism.
Effects of Fe oxide on N transformations in subtropical acid soils
Authors: Jiang Xianjun , Xin Xiaoping , Li Shiwei , Zhou Junchao , Zhu Tongbin , Müller Christopher , Cai Zucong , Wright Alan L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSubtropical ecosystems are often characterized by high N cycling rates, but net nitrification rates are often low in subtropical acid soils. NO3−-N immobilization into organic N may be a contributing factor to understand the observed low net nitrification rates in these acid soils. The effects of Fe oxide and organic matter on soil N transformations were evaluated using a 15N tracing study. Soil net nitrification was low for highly acidic yellow soil (Ferralsols), but gross ammonia oxidation was 7 times higher than net nitrification. In weakly acidic purple soil (Cambisols), net nitrification was 8 times higher than in Ferralsols. The addition of 5% Fe oxide to Cambisols, reduced the net nitrification rate to a negative rate, while NO3−-N immobilization rate increased 8 fold. NO3−-N immobilization was also observed in Ferralsols which contained high Fe oxides levels. A possible mechanism for these reactions could be stimulation of NO3−-N immobilization by Fe oxide which promoted the abiotic formation of nitrogenous polymers, suggesting that the absence of net nitrification in some highly acid soils may be due to high rates of NO3−-N immobilization caused by high Fe oxide content rather than a low pH.
Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate CCl4–induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice via Autophagy Activation
Authors: Park Minhwa , Kim Yu-Hee , Woo So-Youn , Lee Hye Jin , Yu Yeonsil , Kim Han Su , Park Yoon Shin , Jo Inho , Park Joo-Won , Jung Sung-Chul , Lee Hyukjin , Jeong Byeongmoon , Ryu Kyung-Ha 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLiver transplantation is the treatment of choice for chronic liver failure, although it is complicated by donor shortage, surgery-related complications and immunological rejection. Cell transplantation is an alternative, minimally invasive treatment option with potentially fewer complications. We used human palatine tonsil as a novel source of mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs) and examined their ability to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vivo and in vitro. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) mouse model was used to investigate the ability of T-MSCs to home to the site of liver injury. T-MSCs were only detected in the damaged liver, suggesting that they are disease-responsive. Differentiation of T-MSCs into hepatocyte-like cells was confirmed in vitro as determined by expression of hepatocyte markers. Next, we showed resolution of liver fibrosis by T-MSCs via reduction of TGF-β expression and collagen deposition in the liver. We hypothesized that autophagy activation was a possible mechanism for T-MSC-mediated liver recovery. In this report, we demonstrate for the first time that T-MSCs can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells and ameliorate liver fibrosis via autophagy activation and down-regulation of TGF-β. These findings suggest that T-MSCs could be used as a novel source for stem cell therapy targeting liver diseases.
Number of sons contributes to ageing-associated inflammation
Authors: Marttila Saara , Nevalainen Tapio , Kananen Laura , Jylhävä Juulia , Jylhä Marja , Hervonen Antti , Ilonen Jorma , Hurme Mikko 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe rate of inflammation increases in elderly individuals, a phenomenon called inflammaging and is associated with degenerative diseases. However, the causes of inflammaging and the origin of the associated inflammatory mediators have remained enigmatic. We show herein that there is a positive correlation between the number of sons born and C-reactive protein concentrations in 90-year-old women. This association is influenced by HLA genetics known to regulate the immune response against HY antigens.
Organ-specific PTB1-associated microRNAs determine expression of pyruvate kinase isoforms
Authors: Taniguchi Kohei , Ito Yuko , Sugito Nobuhiko , Kumazaki Minami , Shinohara Haruka , Yamada Nami , Nakagawa Yoshihito , Sugiyama Tarou , Futamura Manabu , Otsuki Yoshinori , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Uchiyama Kazuhisa , Akao Yukihiro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Warburg effect is a well-known feature of cancer cells. However, its' functional significance hasn't been elucidated yet. Pyruvate kinase muscle (PKM), which is a rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme, has 2 isoforms, PKM1 and PKM2. It has been reported that PKM2 is a tumor-specific isoform and promotes the Warburg effect. Also, it has been thought that tumor cells switch their PKM isoform from PKM1 to PKM2 during tumor development. Here, we showed that this switching machinery was induced only in limited cases, based on PKM expression in normal tissues and that brain-specific microRNA (miR)-124 and muscle-specific miR-133b regulated this machinery by controlling PKM expression through targeting polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB1), which is a splicer of the PKM gene. Also, we confirmed that the PKM2/PKM1 ratio was further elevated in other PKM2-dominant organs such as colon through the down-regulation of these PTB1-associated microRNAs during tumor development.
Non‐invasive identification of turbo‐generator parameters from actual transient network data
Authors: Hutchison Greame , Zahawi Bashar , Harmer Keith , Gadoue Shady , Giaouris Damian 
Published: February 2015

Synchronous machines are the most widely used form of generators in electrical power systems. Identifying the parameters of these generators in a non‐invasive way is very challenging because of the inherent non‐linearity of power station performance. This study proposes a parameter identification method using a stochastic optimisation algorithm that is capable of identifying generator, exciter and turbine parameters using actual network data. An eighth order generator/turbine model is used in conjunction with the measured data to develop the objective function for optimisation. The effectiveness of the proposed method for the identification of turbo‐generator parameters is demonstrated using data from a recorded network transient on a 178 MVA steam turbine generator connected to the UK's national grid.