bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finds of Spanish Samian Ware (Terra Sigillata Hispanica) from Britain
Authors: Bustamante Álvarez Macarena , Bird Joanna 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTwo sherds of terra sigillata hispanica have now been identified from Britain, both recognised by their distinctive decoration, while a stamped sherd may also have been made in Spain. Further pieces for which a possible Spanish origin has been suggested are probably East Gaulish. The difficulty of identifying the ware by fabric alone is noted and the reasons for its presence in Britain discussed.
PAYER PERSPECTIVES ON FUTURE ACCEPTABILITY OF COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS AND RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH
Authors: Moloney Rachael , Mohr Penny , Hawe Emma , Shah Koonal , Garau Martina , Towse Adrian 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: Our objective was to gather perspectives from payers on how comparative effectiveness research (CER) in the United States and relative effectiveness (RE) research in Europe will impact evidentiary standards for access decisions of new drugs by 2020.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with fourteen senior officials representing public and private payers, health technology assessment groups, and pricing and reimbursement bodies in the United States and Europe. An online survey assessed current use of CER/RE evidence and potential trends that might influence its use for decision making by 2020. A semi-structured interview elicited payers' definitions of CER/RE and was structured around four hypothetical cases resembling drugs expected to be more common or poised to create policy challenges by 2020. Topics included acceptance of study designs and analytic methods associated with CER/RE. A systematic content review was done to extract relevant information.Results: According to key informants, randomization will remain an essential component for assessing comparative or relative effectiveness. They anticipate greater use of policy levers such as conditional reimbursement or prior authorization to manage diffusion of new drugs. Case studies provided important insights into situations when certain types of CER evidence may be acceptable (e.g., observational data when differences between drugs are largely convenience).Conclusions: Industry perceptions that CER/RE will change payers' evidentiary requirements in the future are consistent with our findings. Growing investment in payers' own data and increased reliance on policy tools to control diffusion of new drugs may also influence the type of evidence industry will be required to produce by 2020.
Managing alien bird species: Time to move beyond “100 of the worst” lists?
Authors: KUMSCHICK SABRINA , BLACKBURN TIM M. , RICHARDSON DAVID M. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryAlien species can cause severe impacts in their introduced ranges and management is challenging due to the large number of such species and the diverse nature and context of their impacts. Lists of the most harmful species, like the “100 of the World’s Worst” list collated by the Invasive Species Specialist Group of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) or the “100 of the Worst” invaders in Europe collated by the Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories in Europe (DAISIE) project, raise awareness about these impacts among the public, and can guide management decisions. Such lists are mainly based on expert opinion, but in recent years a more objective comparison of impacts has become possible, even between highly diverse taxa. In this study, we use a semi-quantitative generic impact scoring system to assess impacts of the three birds listed among the “100 of the World’s Worst” IUCN list (IUCN100) and the four birds on the list of “100 of the Worst” European invaders by DAISIE (DAISIE100) and to compare their impacts with those of other alien birds not present on the respective lists. We found that generally, both lists include some of the species with the highest impacts in the respective regions (global or Europe), and these species therefore deserve the dubious honour of being listed among the “worst”. However, there are broad overlaps between some species with regards to the impact mechanisms and the related issues of invasions, especially those of the Common Myna Acridotheres tristis and Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer on the IUCN100, are very similar which might not warrant listing both species. To make the selection of species on such lists more transparent we suggest moving beyond lists based on expert opinion to a more transparent and defendable system for listing alien species based on published records of their impacts and related mechanisms.
Time course of the meiotic arrest in sheep cumulus–oocyte complexes treated with roscovitine
Authors: Crocomo Letícia Ferrari , Marques Filho Wolff Camargo , Ackermann Camila Louise , Paschoal Daniela Martins , Guastali Midyan Daroz , Dias Maziero Rosiára Rosária , Sudano Mateus José , Landim-Alvarenga Fernanda da Cruz , Bicudo Sony Dimas 
Published: July 2015

SummaryTemporary meiosis arrest with cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors has been proposed in order to improve the quality of in vitro matured oocytes. In sheep, however, this phenomenon has been rarely investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different incubation times with roscovitine on nuclear maturation and cumulus cell expansion of sheep cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). For this, COCs were cultured for 0, 6, 12 or 20 h in basic maturation medium (Control) containing 75 μM roscovitine (Rosco). After, they were in vitro matured (IVM) for 18 h in the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). At the end of each treatment, cumulus cell expansion and nuclear maturation were assessed under a stereomicroscope and by Hoechst 33342 staining, respectively. In the Control and Rosco groups, the absence of cumulus cell expansion prevailed at 0, 6, 12 and 20 h. After IVM for 18 h, total cumulus cell expansion in the Rosco treatments was dependent on the exposure time to roscovitine. A significantly high percentage of oocytes treated with roscovitine for 6 h (87%), 12 h or 20 h (65%) were arrested at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage. In contrast, 23% GVBD, 54% metaphase I (MI) and 61% MII oocytes were observed in the Control groups at 6, 12 and 20 h, respectively. In all treatments, a significant percentage of oocytes reached MII after IVM for 18 h. Therefore, roscovitine reversibly arrested the meiosis of sheep oocytes during different culture times with the maximal efficiency of meiotic inhibition reached at 6 h. In addition, reversibility of its inhibitory action on cumulus cells was exposure-time dependent.
Outstanding questions concerning sperm-epithelial binding in the mammalian oviduct
Authors: Hunter Ronald Henry Fraser , Gadea Joaquín 
Published: July 2015

SummaryPreovulatory binding of viable spermatozoa in the oviduct isthmus is widely accepted as a preliminary to fertilization, but details of physiological events associated with epithelial binding and release from binding are themselves little understood. Important questions include the potential number, distribution and stability of such sites in the caudal isthmus, whether multiple molecular forms of binding exist within a single-mated individual, and whether some sites are more favourable than others for the maintenance of preovulatory sperm viability. Also to be resolved is whether spermatozoa interact with the first available binding sites in the isthmus, whether spermatozoa from second or subsequent matings bind closer to the site of fertilization, and whether the first spermatozoa entering the oviduct are those that will be released first with impending ovulation. Ideally, future research needs to focus on a fertilizing spermatozoon monitoredin vivoand not on spermatozoa destined to remain on or in the zona pellucida or in the lower reaches of the oviduct.
The Norwood operation: Relative effects of surgeon and institutional volumes on outcomes and resource utilization
Authors: Anderson Brett R. , Ciarleglio Adam J. , Cohen David J. , Lai Wyman W. , Neidell Matthew , Hall Matthew , Glied Sherry A. , Bacha Emile A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundHypoplastic left heart syndrome is the most expensive birth defect managed in the United States, with a 5-year survival rate below 70%. Increasing evidence suggests that hospital volumes are inversely associated with mortality for infants with single ventricles undergoing stage 1 surgical palliation. Our aim was to examine the relative effects of surgeon and institutional volumes on outcomes and resource utilisation for these children.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using the Pediatric Health Information System database to examine the effects of the number of procedures performed per surgeon and per centre on mortality, costs, and post-operative length of stay for infants undergoing Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery risk category six operations at tertiary-care paediatric hospitals, from 1 January, 2004 to 31 December, 2013. Multivariable modelling was used, adjusting for patient and institutional characteristics. Gaussian kernel densities were constructed to show the relative distributions of the effects of individual institutions and surgeons, before and after adjusting for the number of cases performed.ResultsA total of 2880 infants from 35 institutions met the inclusion criteria. Mortality was 15.0%. Median post-operative length of stay was 24 days (IQR 14–41). Median standardized inpatient hospital costs were $156,000 (IQR $108,000–$248,000) in 2013 dollars. In the multivariable analyses, higher institutional volume was inversely associated with mortality (p=0.001), post-operative length of stay (p=0.004), and costs (p=0.001). Surgeon volume was associated with none of the measured outcomes. Neither institutional nor surgeon volumes explained much of the wide variation in outcomes and resource utilization observed between institutions and between surgeons.ConclusionsIncreased institutional – but not surgeon – volumes are associated with reduced mortality, post-operative length of stay, and costs for infants undergoing stage 1 palliation.
Small coronary artery fistulae in childhood: a 6-year experience of 31 cases in a tertiary paediatric cardiac centre
Authors: Welisch Eva , Norozi Kambiz , Burrill Liz , Rauch Ralf 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study describes the incidence and course of children with small coronary artery fistulae over a period of 6 years who presented at a paediatric tertiary-care centre.Materials and methodsAge at diagnosis, mode of presentation, location (origin and drainage), and association with a cardiac defect were documented and analysed. All patients obtained an electrocardiogram, and older patients were further evaluated with an exercise treadmill test.ResultsA total of 31 patients were diagnosed with coronary artery fistula via transthoracic echocardiogram and comprised 0.43% of our entire patient group. Mean age was 6.14 years (standard deviation 5.4); 16 patients (52%) had associated cardiac defects. In the remaining 15 patients, the coronary artery fistula was discovered incidentally during diagnostic work-up for heart murmur or chest pain. Among all, 26 patients (84%) had left-sided and five patients (16%) had right-sided coronary artery fistulae. All right coronary artery fistula patients had associated cardiac defects; this was true for 42% of the patients with left coronary artery fistulae. None of the patients required any intervention due to the fistula, and spontaneous closure occurred in 12 patients (39%).ConclusionSmall coronary artery fistulae in children are frequently an incidental finding, and many will close spontaneously. Our data are supportive of a conservative, observant approach in asymptomatic patients with small coronary artery fistula in the paediatric population.
Dietary patterns and the incidence of hyperglyacemia in China
Authors: Hong Xin , Xu Fei , Wang Zhiyong , Liang Yaqiong , Li Jiequan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveEpidemiological studies have examined associations between dietary patterns and the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, information on dietary patterns and the risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese populations is scarce. The aim of the present study was to identify dietary patterns and examine their association with incident hyperglycaemia in Nanjing, China.DesignA community-based prospective cohort study. Dietary assessment was carried out using a validated eighty-seven-item FFQ. Dietary patterns were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Participants were categorized into tertiles of dietary factor score for each dietary pattern. The relationship between dietary patterns and hyperglycaemia risk was analysed using multivariable linear and Cox regression.SettingSeven communities from two urban districts in Nanjing, China.SubjectsA total of 2900 of Chinese local residents aged 30 years or above, free of hyperglycaemia and other serious diseases, who participated in the baseline survey from June to September 2007 were followed up 3 years later from June to September 2010 for the development of hyperglycaemia. Fasting blood samples were collected at both baseline and 3-year follow-up surveys. Hyperglycaemia was defined as fasting plasma glucose concentration of ≥6·1 mmol/l or already taking oral hyperglycaemia agents for treatment of type 2 diabetes.ResultsFive major dietary patterns were identified: (i) the ‘condiments’ pattern; (ii) the ‘animal and plant protein’ pattern; (iii) the ‘healthy traditional’ pattern; (iv) the ‘fruits, eggs and juice’ pattern; and (v) the ‘alcohol, milk and tea’ pattern. A total of 2093 (72·2 %) individuals completed the follow-up survey and the 3-year cumulative incidence of hyperglycaemia was 7·5 % (158/2093). A 1-unit increase in the score for the ‘healthy traditional’ pattern was associated with a decrease of 0·054 mmol/l in fasting plasma glucose (P=0·017), while a 1-unit increase in the ‘fruits, eggs and juice’ pattern score was associated with an increase of 0·050 mmol/l in fasting plasma glucose (P=0·023) by multivariable linear regression. For men, tertile 3 of the ‘fruits, eggs and juice’ pattern was associated with an 88 % greater risk (hazard ratio=1·88; 95 % CI 1·04, 3·54) of hyperglycaemia than tertile 1 of this pattern. Being in tertile 3 of the ‘alcohol, milk and tea’ pattern was associated with a 35 % greater risk (hazard ratio=1·35; 95 % CI 1·04, 2·16) relative to tertile 1 in women, while for the ‘'healthy traditional’ pattern tertile 3 was associated with a 41 % lower risk (hazard ratio=0·59; 95 % CI 0·35, 0·99) compared with tertile 1. The ‘condiments’ and the ‘animal and plant protein’ patterns were not independently associated with hyperglycaemia.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that modifying dietary patterns could reduce hyperglycaemia incidence in the mainland Chinese adult population.
An ethnographic action research study to investigate the experiences of Bindjareb women participating in the cooking and nutrition component of an Aboriginal health promotion programme in regional Western Australia
Authors: Nilson Caroline , Kearing-Salmon Karrie-Anne , Morrison Paul , Fetherston Catherine 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the experiences of women participating in a cooking and nutrition component of a health promotion research initiative in an Australian Aboriginal regional community.DesignWeekly facilitated cooking and nutrition classes were conducted during school terms over 12 months. An ethnographic action research study was conducted for the programme duration with data gathered by participant and direct observation, four yarning groups and six individual yarning sessions. The aim was to determine the ways the cooking and nutrition component facilitated lifestyle change, enabled engagement, encouraged community ownership and influenced community action.SettingRegional Bindjareb community in the Nyungar nation of Western Australia.SubjectsA sample of seventeen Aboriginal women aged between 18 and 60 years from the two kinships in two towns in one shire took part in the study. The recruitment and consent process was managed by community Elders and leaders.ResultsMajor themes emerged highlighting the development of participants and their recognition of the need for change: the impact of history on current nutritional health of Indigenous Australians; acknowledging shame; challenges of change around nutrition and healthy eating; the undermining effect of mistrust and limited resources; the importance of community control when developing health promotion programmes; finding life purpose through learning; and the need for planning and partnerships to achieve community determination.ConclusionsSuggested principles for developing cooking and nutrition interventions are: consideration of community needs; understanding the impact of historical factors on health; understanding family and community tensions; and the engagement of long-term partnerships to develop community determination.
Breast-feeding and postpartum weight retention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: He Xiujie , Zhu Meng , Hu Chuanlai , Tao Xingyong , Li Yingchun , Wang Qiuwei , Liu Yue 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveWeight gained during pregnancy and postpartum weight retention might contribute to obesity in women of childbearing age. Whether breast-feeding (BF) may decrease postpartum weight retention (PPWR) is still controversial. The purpose of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the relationship between BF and PPWR.DesignThree databases were systematically reviewed and the reference lists of relevant articles were checked. Meta-analysis was performed to quantify the pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) of BF on PPWR by using a random-effect model. Heterogeneity was tested using theχ2test andI2statistics. Publication bias was estimated from Egger’s test (linear regression method) or Begg’s test (rank correlation method).ResultsAmong 349 search hits, eleven studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Seven studies were conducted in the USA, one in Brazil, one in France, one in Georgia and one in Croatia. Compared with formula-feeding, BF for 3 to ≤6 months seemed to have a negative influence on PPWR and if BF continued for >6 months had little or no influence on PPWR. In a subgroup meta-analysis, the results did not change substantially after the analysis had been classified by available confounding factors. There was no indication of a publication bias from the result of either Egger’s test or Begg’s test.ConclusionsAlthough the available evidence held belief that BF decreases PPWR, more robust studies are needed to reliably assess the impact of patterns and duration of BF on PPWR.
Secular changes in intakes of foods among New Zealand adults from 1997 to 2008/09
Authors: Smith Claire , Gray Andrew R , Mainvil Louise A , Fleming Elizabeth A , Parnell Winsome R 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo examine changes in the food choices of New Zealand (NZ) adults, between the 1997 National Nutrition Survey (NNS97) and the 2008/09 NZ Adult Nutrition Survey (2008/09 NZANS).DesignThe 2008/09 NZANS and the NNS97 were cross-sectional surveys of NZ adults (aged 15 years and over). Dietary intake data were collected using a computer-based 24 h diet recall. Logistic regression models were used to examine changes over time in the percentage reporting each food group, with survey year, sex and age group (19–30 years, 31–50 years, 51–70 years, ≥71 years) as the variables.SettingNZ households.SubjectsAdults aged 19 years and over (NNS97, n 4339; 2008/09 NZANS, n 3995).ResultsIn the 2008/09 NZANS compared with NNS97, males and females were less likely to report consuming bread, potatoes, beef, vegetables, breakfast cereal, milk, cheese, butter, pies, biscuits, cakes and puddings, and sugar/confectionery (all P<0·001). In contrast, there was an increase in the percentage reporting rice and rice dishes (P<0·001), and among females a reported increase in snacks and snack bars (e.g. crisps, extruded snacks, muesli bars; P=0·007) and pasta and pasta dishes (P=0·017). Although food choices were associated with sex and age group, there were few differential changes between the surveys by sex or age group.ConclusionsFor all age groups there was a shift in the percentage who reported consuming the traditional NZ foods, namely bread, beef, potatoes and vegetables, towards more rice and rice dishes. Declines in the consumption of butter, pies, biscuits, cakes and puddings are congruent with current dietary guidelines.
Ethnic differences in dietary intake at age 12 and 18 months: the Born in Bradford 1000 Study
Authors: Sahota Pinki , Gatenby Lisa A , Greenwood Darren C , Bryant Maria , Robinson Sian , Wright John 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the intake of key indicator foods at age 12 months and 18 months between infants of Pakistani and White British origin.DesignLogistic regression was used to model associations between ethnicity and consumption of key indicator foods defined by high or low energy density using an FFQ at age 12 and 18 months.SettingBorn in Bradford 1000 study, Bradford, UK.SubjectsInfants (n 1259; 38 % White British, 49 % Pakistani), mean age 12·7 (sd 1·0) months and toddlers (n 1257; 37 % White British, 49 % Pakistani), mean age 18·7 (sd1·0) months.ResultsAt 12 months, Pakistani infants consumed more commercial sweet baby meals than White British infants, with greater odds for being above average consumers (adjusted OR (AOR)=1·90; 95 % CI 1·40, 2·56), more chips/roast potatoes (AOR=2·75; 95 % CI 2·09, 3·62), less processed meat products (AOR=0·11; 95 % CI 0·08, 0·15), more fruit (AOR=2·20; 95 % CI 1·70, 2·85) and more sugar-sweetened drinks (AOR=1·68; 95 % CI 1·29, 2·18). At 18 months these differences persisted, with Pakistani infants consuming more commercial sweet baby meals (AOR=4·57; 95 % CI 2·49, 8·39), more chips/roast potato shapes (AOR=2·26; 95 % CI 1·50, 3·43), more fruit (AOR=1·40; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·81), more sugar-sweetened drinks (AOR=2·03; 95 % CI 1·53, 2·70), more pure fruit juice (AOR=1·82; 95 % CI 1·40, 2·35), more water (AOR=3·24; 95 % CI 2·46, 4·25) and less processed meat (AOR=0·10; 95 % CI 0·06, 0·15) than White British infants.ConclusionsDietary intake during infancy and the early toddlerhood period is associated with ethnicity, suggesting the importance of early and culturally adapted interventions aimed at establishing healthy eating behaviours.