bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is technical training an obstacle to entrepreneurship?
Authors: Loras Joaquín , Vizcaíno José 
Published: May 2013

PurposeEntrepreneurial initiative has come to be recognised the world over as a driver of economic and social development. However, there is still a long way to go in terms of understanding the acquisition of capabilities related to entrepreneurship. In today's society, it is clear that human capital determines the rate at which quality of life improves or declines, as well as the competitiveness of productive systems. Conceptually, engineers might be regarded as vital enablers of change. This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was passed to the students of civil engineering, which contained questions on the desirability of new venture creation or the intention to start up a new business. The questionnaire also asked respondents about the perception of the feasibility of creating a new venture, and the perceived image and economic and social evaluation of the business owner, as well as the prestige and recognition of the figure of the entrepreneur in comparison with other professions. Maintaining this structure enabled the authors to compare the results of this survey with other studies carried out in different fields and moments in time.FindingsEngineers perceive creativity and innovation as having characteristics that are inherent in the qualities associated with their profession, in the sense that the engineer is someone who uses inventiveness to achieve or carry out objectives. In short, it is a profession that involves the application of ingenuity. However, engineering graduates rarely consider starting up a business as one of their career options upon completing their studies, and will invariably look to work for established firms.Research limitations/implicationsTechnical training appears to be an enabler of creativity and an obstacle to business initiative. It would be interesting to analyse this implication over time.Practical implicationsThe results of this study indicate a clear demand to complete the entrepreneurial training of civil engineering students. When asked about the possibility or opportunity of complementing their studies with business‐related training, a large part of the sample (43 per cent) were in total agreement, and 29 per cent were generally in favour.Social implicationsIt can be concluded that the introduction of subjects that promote business creation in a technical degree course, such as engineering, is both necessary and desirable.Originality/valueWith a view to identifying the attitudes and beliefs amongst engineers towards business creation, this paper analyses the desirability, feasibility and intention to create a new firm, as well as the image and perception of the figure of the business owner, and the personal characteristics of civil engineering students as entrepreneurs.
Integration: attitudes, patterns and practices
Authors: Vallet‐Bellmunt Teresa , Rivera‐Torres Pilar 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis work has two main objectives: to obtain a set of scales for measuring the patterns, attitudes and practices of integration that can be extrapolated to different scopes (both internal and external) and participants (supplier and customer) within the supply chain; and to evaluate the relations between the different components of integration.Design/methodology/approachBased on previous literature on the content, measurement and scope of the concept of integration, a model is presented and tested using structural equation modelling. Data were collected from 450 enterprises from the Spanish construction materials sector.FindingsThe authors' results suggest that integration is a multidimensional concept that covers the different organisational levels of the company: corporate through attitudes; strategic through patterns; and operative through practices. These components have a different structure and, although attitudes and patterns behave similarly, practices do not, and so there is no single dimension of integration that includes the three levels. With regard to scope, internal and external integration are related but do not constitute one single concept of integration. It therefore cannot be measured as a single dimension in order to relate the integration of the firm with its (corporate, logistic or marketing) performance.Research limitations/implicationsFrom a methodological point of view, data were collected from a single sector, in a single moment in time and with a single respondent in each company.Practical implicationsPatterns and attitudes have a complete, corporative and strategic content, whereas practices are independent from each other and have a more operational vision.Originality/valueUnlike studies that analyse integration and its relationship with outcomes, this work focuses on the concept of integration itself by analysing its three components. Thus, it extends the study of internal and external integration and focuses on the behaviour of the enterprise with two different members of the supply chain (suppliers and customers), thereby extending the analysis beyond the dyad.
Birth defects in a national cohort of pregnant women with HIV infection in Italy, 2001–2011
Authors: Floridia M , Mastroiacovo P , Tamburrini E , Tibaldi C , Todros T , Crepaldi A , Sansone M , Fiscon M , Liuzzi G , Guerra B , Vimercati A , Vichi F , Vicini I , Pinnetti C , Marconi AM , Ravizza M ,   The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveWe used data from a national study of pregnant women with HIV to evaluate the prevalence of congenital abnormalities in newborns from women with HIV infection.DesignObservational study.SettingUniversity and hospital clinics.PopulationPregnant women with HIV exposed to antiretroviral treatment at any time during pregnancy.MethodsThe total prevalence of birth defects was assessed on live births, stillbirths, and elective terminations for fetal anomaly. The associations between potentially predictive variables and the occurrence of birth defects were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for exposed versus unexposed cases, calculated in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Main outcome measuresBirth defects, defined according to the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry criteria.ResultsA total of 1257 pregnancies with exposure at any time to antiretroviral therapy were evaluated. Forty‐two cases with major defects were observed. The total prevalence was 3.2% (95% CI 1.9–4.5) for exposure to any antiretroviral drug during the first trimester (23 cases with defects) and 3.4% (95% CI 1.9–4.9) for no antiretroviral exposure during the first trimester (19 cases). No associations were found between major birth defects and first‐trimester exposure to any antiretroviral treatment (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.51–1.75), main drug classes (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.51–1.76; non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.56–2.55; protease inhibitors, OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.43–1.95), and individual drugs, including efavirenz (prevalence for efavirenz, 2.5%).ConclusionsThis study adds further support to the assumption that first‐trimester exposure to antiretroviral treatment does not increase the risk of congenital abnormalities.
Interior fences can reduce cost and uncertainty when eradicating invasive species from large islands
Authors: Bode Michael , Brennan Karl E. C. , Helmstedt Kate , Desmond Anthony , Smia Raphael , Algar Dave 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe conservation of many threatened species can be advanced by the eradication of alien invasive animals from islands. However, island eradications are an expensive, difficult and uncertain undertaking. An increasingly common eradication strategy is the construction of ‘interior fences’ to partition islands into smaller, independent eradication regions that can be treated sequentially or concurrently. Proponents argue that, while interior fences incur substantial up front construction costs, they reduce overall eradication costs. However, this hypothesis lacks an explicit theoretical or empirical justification.We formulate a general theory that relates the number of interior fences to the magnitude and variation of the economic cost of island eradication. We use this theory to explore the conditions under which interior fences represent a defensible management strategy, under cost and risk minimisation objectives. We then specifically consider the forthcoming eradication of catsFelis catusfrom Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia, by parameterising our general theory using published data on the cost and success of previous projects.Our results predict that under a wide range of reasonable conditions, interior fences can reduce the expected cost of a successful invasive alien animal eradication from large islands. On Dirk Hartog Island, interior fences will marginally reduce eradication costs, with two fences reducing expected costs by 3%. Interior fences have a much more substantial effect on the variability of eradication costs: two fences reduce the width of the 95% confidence bounds by more than one‐third and halve the size of the average project cost overrun/underrun.Our results reveal that the construction of interior fences is a defensible management strategy for eradicating alien invasive species from islands. However, the primary benefit of interior fences will be risk management, rather than a reduction in expected project costs.
Minimum intervention dentistry – a new horizon in public oral health care
Authors: Calache H , Hopcraft MS , Martin JM 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPublic dental patients suffer from poorer oral health than the general population. Management of dental caries tends to focus on surgical interventions, such as restorations and extractions, rather than prevention and early intervention of the disease process. The current public dental system struggles to address the lifestyle and broader health issues affecting oral health and although an immediate dental problem can usually be alleviated, it can often be through the unnecessary removal of tooth structure, which invariably leads to other health and quality of life problems. There is widespread recognition by oral health clinicians that the restorative approach to the management of dental caries in the public sector is failing to improve oral health outcomes for many public patients. Oral health experts have recently adopted a national consensus statement on minimum intervention dentistry indicating their intention to work together to develop ways to implement this approach across the public dental sector. It is clear that, despite some significant challenges and required changes, the momentum for minimum intervention dentistry continues to grow across Australia. There is an urgent need to undertake research to assess the cost‐effectiveness of this approach in the public sector.
Diagnosis of the early carious lesion
Authors: Manton DJ 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn recent decades a desire has driven the uptake of the minimum intervention dentistry (MID) philosophy to end the destructive ‘drill and fill’ mentality prevalent amongst dental training programmes since the establishment of formalized dental training courses more than 100 years ago. This change in attitude has been concomitant with the decrease in caries prevalence in large sectors of the community and a better understanding of the caries process. One of the pivotal arms of MID is caries risk assessment, and early and accurate caries detection is a major part of this procedure. There is great variation between the diagnostic decisions between individual clinicians, and the development of valid detection aids may decrease this variation and improve the clinical decision making process as it relates to dental caries.
Use of new minimum intervention dentistry technologies in caries management
Authors: Tassery H , Levallois B , Terrer E , Manton DJ , Otsuki M , Koubi S , Gugnani N , Panayotov I , Jacquot B , Cuisinier F , Rechmann P 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPreservation of natural tooth structure requires early detection of the carious lesion and is associated with comprehensive patient dental care. Processes aiming to detect carious lesions in the initial stage with optimum efficiency employ a variety of technologies such as magnifying loupes, transillumination, light and laser fluorescence (QLF® and DIAGNOdent®) and autofluorescence (Soprolife® and VistaCam®), electric current/impedance (CarieScan®), tomographic imaging and image processing. Most fluorescent caries detection tools can discriminate between healthy and carious dental tissue, demonstrating different levels of sensitivity and specificity. Based on the fluorescence principle, an LED camera (Soprolife®) was developed (Sopro‐Acteon, La Ciotat, France) which combined magnification, fluorescence, picture acquisition and an innovative therapeutic concept called light‐induced fluorescence evaluator for diagnosis and treatment (LIFEDT). This article is rounded off by a Soprolife® illustration about minimally or even non‐invasive dental techniques, distinguishing those that preserve or reinforce the enamel and enamel‐dentine structures without any preparation (MIT1– minimally invasive therapy 1) from those that require minimum preparation of the dental tissues (MIT2 – minimally invasive therapy 2) using several clinical cases as examples. MIT1 encompasses all the dental techniques aimed at disinfection, remineralizing, reversing and sealing the caries process and MIT2 involves a series of specific tools, including microburs, air abrasion devices, sonic and ultrasonic inserts and photo‐activated disinfection to achieve minimal preparation of the tooth. With respect to minimally invasive treatment and prevention, the use of lasers is discussed. Furthermore, while most practices operate under a surgical model, Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CaMBRA) encourages a medical model of disease prevention and management to control the manifestation of the disease, or keep the oral environment in a state of balance between pathological and preventive factors. Early detection and diagnosis and prediction of lesion activity are of great interest and may change traditional operative procedures substantially. Fluorescence tools with high levels of magnification and observational capacity should guide clinicians towards a more preventive and minimally invasive treatment strategy.
Arthropod survey on soybean crops in Cambodia: a comparison of the sweep netting and beat sheeting collection methods for estimating arthropod diversity and species richness
Authors: Chanthy Pol , Martin Robert J , Gunning Robin V , Andrew Nigel R 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis is the first assessment of insect assemblages on soybean crops in Cambodia. Sweep netting and beat sheeting collection methods were used to evaluate the effectiveness of sampling arthropods and their collection efficiency in soybean crops and to determine soybean insect diversity and composition at two sites. Overall, arthropod populations sampled by sweep netting were substantially different compared to populations collected by beat sheeting. The sweep netting caught significantly higher numbers of most Orders; however, the beat sheeting caught a significantly higher number of Acari. Beat sheeting was also effective for sampling Nezara viridula which is a major invertebrate pest of soybean. There was a significant interaction between location and collection methods for both Hemiptera and Hymenoptera assemblages. Selection of insect sampling method depends on many factors such as plant type, plant structure, field conditions, ease of use, cost of use and target insect species. However, the sweep netting was best for fast flying insects such as hymenopteran wasps and those located in upper parts of the plant canopy. The use of different sampling methods to assess pest, predator/parasitoid and general community structure in crops is crucial for assessing Integrated Pest Management strategies.
Maternity validation using sire‐only BovineSNP50 BeadChip data
Authors: Seroussi E. , Glick G. , Shirak A. , Ezra E. , Zeron Y. , Ron M. , Weller J. I. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBased on pairwise identity‐by‐state (IBS) distances and whole‐genome SNP data, kinship was investigated in the Israeli Holstein population. A total of 789 bulls, including most of the artificial insemination sires in service since 1987, were genotyped by the BovineSNP50 BeadChip. This sample included up to five generations. For each bull‐by‐bull combination, three states are possible for each marker: no match, a single match and both alleles match. Summing over all markers, the 932 598 IBS scores (three match frequencies*310 866 bull‐by‐bull combinations) were visualized using three‐dimensional coordinates that corresponded to the frequencies of the three possible states. Results were reduced to two dimensions using the transformations x’ = 0.7071(1 + freq1−freq2) and y’ = 1.2247freq0. Bull‐by‐bull pairs were grouped according to their level of kinship, and canonical scores were calculated using discriminant analysis and the x’ and y’ features. Of the 474 pairs of recorded maternal grandsire–grandson with both individuals genotyped, the probability for 28 pairs to belong to this level of kinship was low (P < 0.05), suggesting an error rate of around 3% per generation in pedigree determination.
Pharmacological characterization of FE 201874, the first selective high affinity rat V1A vasopressin receptor agonist
Authors: Marir Rafik , Virsolvy Anne , Wisniewski Kazimierz , Mion Julie , Haddou Dominique , Galibert Evelyne , Meraihi Zahia , Desarménien Michel G , Guillon Gilles 
Published: May 2013

Background and PurposeDistinct vasopressin receptors are involved in different physiological and behavioural functions. Presently, no selective agonist is available to specifically elucidate the functional roles of the V1A receptor in the rat, one of the most widely used animal models. FE 201874 is a new derivative of the human selective V1A receptor agonist F180. In this study, we performed a multi‐approach pharmacological and functional characterization of FE 201874 to determine whether it is selective for V1A receptors.Experimental ApproachWe modified an available human selective V1A receptor agonist (F180) and determined its pharmacological properties in cell lines expressing vasopressin/oxytocin receptors (affinity and coupling to second messenger cascades), in an ex vivo model (aorta ring contraction) and in vivo in rats (proliferation of adrenal cortex glomerulosa cells and lactation).Key ResultsFE 201874 exhibited nanomolar affinity for the rat V1A receptor; it was highly selective towards the rat V1B and V2 vasopressin receptors and behaved as a full V1A agonist in all the pharmacological tests performed. FE 201874 bound to the oxytocin receptor, but with moderate affinity, and behaved as an oxytocin antagonist in vitro, but not in vivo.Conclusions and ImplicationsOn functional grounds, all the data demonstrate that FE 201874 is the first selective agonist of the rat V1A receptor isoform available. Hence, FE 201874 may have potential as a treatment for the vasodilator‐induced hypotension occurring in conditions such as septic shock and could be the most suitable compound for discriminating between the behavioural effects of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin.
Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor T790M mutation in plasma DNA from patients refractory to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Sakai Kazuko , Horiike Atsushi , Irwin Darryl L. , Kudo Keita , Fujita Yoshihiko , Tanimoto Azusa , Sakatani Toshio , Saito Ryota , Kaburaki Kyohei , Yanagitani Noriko , Ohyanagi Fumiyoshi , Nishio Makoto , Nishio Kazuto 
Published: May 2013

A secondary epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, the substitution of threonine 790 with methionine (T790M), leads to acquired resistance to reversible EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs). A non‐invasive method for detecting T790M mutation would be desirable to direct patient treatment strategy. Plasma DNA samples were obtained after discontinuation of gefitinib or erlotinib in 75 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). T790M mutation was amplified using the SABER (single allele base extension reaction) technique and analyzed using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. We examined the T790M mutation status in plasma samples obtained after treatment with an EGFR‐TKI. The SABER assay sensitivity using mixed oligonucleotides was determined to be 0.3%. The T790M mutation was detected in 21 of the 75 plasma samples (28%). The presence of the T790M mutation was confirmed by subcloning into sequencing vectors and sequencing in 14 of the 21 samples (66.6%). In this cohort of 75 patients, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) of the patients with the T790M mutation (n = 21) was not statistically different from that of the patients without the mutation (n = 54, P = 0.94). When patients under 65 years of age who had a partial response were grouped according to their plasma T790M mutation status, the PFS of the T790M‐positive patients (n = 11) was significantly shorter than that of the T790M‐negative patients (n = 29, P = 0.03). The SABER method is a feasible means of determining the plasma T790M mutation status and could potentially be used to monitor EGFR‐TKI therapy.
Excellent outcome of living donor liver transplantation in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome: a single centre experience
Authors: Saigal Sanjiv , Choudhary Narendra , Saraf Neeraj , Kotecha Hardik , Kakodkar Rahul , Mohanka Ravi , Rastogi Amit , Menon Palat , Goja Sanjay , Govil Deepak , Vohra Vijay , Soin Arvinder 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntroductionHepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) worsens the prognosis of cirrhosis and liver transplantation is only definitive treatment. There is paucity of data about role of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in HPS.MethodsFourteen patients with HPS and cirrhosis who underwent LDLT were prospectively included. HPS was defined as PaO2 < 80 mmHg in presence of demonstrable macro‐aggregated albumin (MAA) scan shunt fraction >6%.ResultsThe study group composed of 11 male and three female patients, mean age 50.3 ± 8.6 yr. Most common presentations were dyspnea (92.8%), cyanosis (78.5%) and clubbing (64.2%). Mean model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score was 18.2 ± 4.7, mean MAA shunt fraction was 23.0 ± 13.2%, mean PaO2 was 58.7 ± 8.4 mmHg. Two patients had very severe HPS (PaO2 <50 mmHg), five had severe HPS (PaO2 >50 <60 mmHg) and seven had moderate HPS (PaO2 >60 <80 mmHg). All patients underwent right lobe LDLT. The overall time to extubation was 2 (1–32 days) and for hospital stay was 20 (17–46 days). The main complications in post‐LT course were infection in 57% (cytomegalovirus or bacterial). All the patients are alive and off oxygen at a mean follow up of 29 ± 25 months.ConclusionWe report one of the largest series of LDLT in HPS which has shown excellent results.
Role of total artificial heart in the management of heart transplant rejection and retransplantation: case report and review
Authors: Kalya Anantharam , Jaroszewski Dawn , Pajaro Octavio , Scott Robert , Gopalan Radha , Kasper Diane , Arabia Francisco 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCardiac allograft rejection and failure may require mechanical circulatory support as bridge‐to‐retransplantation. Prognosis in this patient group is poor and implantable ventricular assist devices have had limited success due to organ failure associated with the high dose immunosuppression required to treat ongoing rejection. We present a case from our institution and the world‐wide experience utilizing the SynCardia CardioWest Total Artificial Heart (TAH‐t; SynCardia Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA) for replacement of the failing graft, recovery of patient and end‐organ failure with ultimate bridge to retransplantation. We present our experience and review of world‐wide experience for use of TAH‐t in this type patient.