bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Hepatic hilum area priority, liver posterior first”: An optimized strategy in laparoscopic resection for type III-IV hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hu Xiao-Si , Wang Yong , Pan Hong-Tao , Zhu Chao , Chen Shi-Lei , Zhou Shuai , Liu Hui-Chun , Pang Qing , Jin Hao 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
In recent years, pure laparoscopic radical surgery for Bismuth-Corlette type III and IV hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) has been preliminarily explored and applied, but the surgical strategy and safety are still worthy of further improvement and attention.
AIM
To summarize and share the application experience of the emerging strategy of “hepatic hilum area dissection priority, liver posterior separation first” in pure laparoscopic radical resection for patients with HCCA of Bismuth-Corlette types III and IV.
METHODS
The clinical data and surgical videos of 6 patients with HCCA of Bismuth-Corlette types III and IV who underwent pure laparoscopic radical resection in our department from December 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS
Among the 6 patients, 4 were males and 2 were females. The average age was 62.2 ± 11.0 years, and the median body mass index was 20.7 (19.2-24.1) kg/m2. The preoperative median total bilirubin was 57.7 (16.0-155.7) μmol/L. One patient had Bismuth-Corlette type IIIa, 4 patients had Bismuth-Corlette type IIIb, and 1 patient had Bismuth-Corlette type IV. All patients successfully underwent pure laparoscopic radical resection following the strategy of “hepatic hilum area dissection priority, liver posterior separation first”. The operation time was 358.3 ± 85.0 minutes, and the intraoperative blood loss volume was 195.0 ± 108.4 mL. None of the patients received blood transfusions during the perioperative period. The median length of stay was 8.3 (7.0-10.0) days. Mild bile leakage occurred in 2 patients, and all patients were discharged without serious surgery-related complications.
CONCLUSION
The emerging strategy of “hepatic hilum area dissection priority, liver posterior separation first” is safe and feasible in pure laparoscopic radical surgery for patients with HCCA of Bismuth-Corlette types III and IV. This strategy is helpful for promoting the modularization and process of pure laparoscopic radical surgery for complicated HCCA, shortens the learning curve, and is worthy of further clinical application.
Yangyin Huowei mixture alleviates chronic atrophic gastritis by inhibiting the IL-10/JAK1/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Xie Shan-Shan , Zhi Yong , Shao Chang-Ming , Zeng Bin-Fang 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
The Chinese medicine Yangyin Huowei mixture (YYHWM) exhibits good clinical efficacy in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), but the mechanisms underlying its activity remain unclear.
AIM
To investigate the therapeutic effects of YYHWM and its underlying mechanisms in a CAG rat model.
METHODS
Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into control, model, vitacoenzyme, and low, medium, and high-dose YYHWM groups. CAG was induced in rats using N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ranitidine hydrochloride, hunger and satiety perturbation, and ethanol gavage. Following an 8-wk intervention period, stomach samples were taken, stained, and examined for histopathological changes. ELISA was utilized to quantify serum levels of PG-I, PG-II, G-17, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate protein expression of IL-10, JAK1, and STAT3.
RESULTS
The model group showed gastric mucosal layer disruption and inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared with the blank control group, serum levels of PGI, PGII, and G-17 in the model group were significantly reduced (82.41 ± 3.53 vs 38.52 ± 1.71, 23.06 ± 0.96 vs 11.06 ± 0.70, and 493.09 ± 12.17 vs 225.52 ± 17.44, P < 0.01 for all), whereas those of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly increased (30.15 ± 3.07 vs 80.98 ± 4.47, 69.05 ± 12.72 vs 110.85 ± 6.68, and 209.24 ± 11.62 vs 313.37 ± 36.77, P < 0.01 for all), and the protein levels of IL-10, JAK1, and STAT3 were higher in gastric mucosal tissues (0.47 ± 0.10 vs 1.11 ± 0.09, 0.49 ± 0.05 vs 0.99 ± 0.07, and 0.24 ± 0.05 vs 1.04 ± 0.14, P < 0.01 for all). Compared with the model group, high-dose YYHWM treatment significantly improved the gastric mucosal tissue damage, increased the levels of PGI, PGII, and G-17 (38.52 ± 1.71 vs 50.41 ± 3.53, 11.06 ± 0.70 vs 15.33 ± 1.24, and 225.52 ± 17.44 vs 329.22 ± 29.11, P < 0.01 for all), decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (80.98 ± 4.47 vs 61.56 ± 4.02, 110.85 ± 6.68 vs 89.20 ± 8.48, and 313.37 ± 36.77 vs 267.30 ± 9.31, P < 0.01 for all), and evidently decreased the protein levels of IL-10 and STAT3 in gastric mucosal tissues (1.11 ± 0.09 vs 0.19 ± 0.07 and 1.04 ± 0.14 vs 0.55 ± 0.09, P < 0.01 for both).
CONCLUSION
YYHWM reduces the release of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the IL-10/JAK1/STAT3 pathway, alleviating gastric mucosal damage, and enhancing gastric secretory function, thereby ameliorating CAG development and cancer transformation.
Sequential bowel necrosis and large gastric ulcer in a patient with a ruptured femoral artery: A case report
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Ting-Gang , Yu An-Yong 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Severe bleeding as a result of a major vascular injury is a potentially fatal event commonly observed in the emergency department. Bowel necrosis and gastric ulcers secondary to ischemia are rare due to their rich blood supply. In this case, we present the case of a patient who was treated successfully following rupture of his femoral artery resulting in bowel necrosis and an unusually large gastric ulcer.
CASE SUMMARY
A 28-year-old male patient sustained a knife stab wound to the right thigh, causing rupture of his femoral artery and leading to massive bleeding. He underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation and received a large blood transfusion. Abdominal surgeries confirmed bowel necrosis, and jejunostomy was performed. The necrotic intestine was removed, the remaining intestine was anastomosed, and the right thigh was amputated. After three surgeries, the patient's overall condition gradually improved, and the patient was discharged from the hospital. However, one day after discharge, the patient was admitted again due to dizziness and melena, and a gastroduodenoscopy revealed a giant banded ulcer. After 2 weeks of treatment, the ulcer had decreased in size without bleeding. Six months after the last surgery, enterostomy and reintroduction surgery were completed. The patient was fitted with a right lower limb prosthesis one year after surgery. After 3 years of follow-up, the patient did not complain of discomfort.
CONCLUSION
Trauma department physicians need to be aware of the possible serious complications involving the abdomen of trauma patients with massive bleeding.
Misdiagnosis of hemangioma of left triangular ligament of the liver as gastric submucosal stromal tumor: Two case reports
Authors: Wang Jing-Jie , Zhang Fen-Ming , Chen Wei , Zhu Hua-Tuo , Gui Ning-Long , Li Ai-Qing , Chen Hong-Tan 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Extragastric lesions are typically not misdiagnosed as gastric submucosal tumor (SMT). However, we encountered two rare cases where extrinsic lesions were misdiagnosed as gastric SMTs.
CASE SUMMARY
We describe two cases of gastric SMT-like protrusions initially misdiagnosed as gastric SMTs by the abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Based on the CT and EUS findings, the patients underwent gastroscopy; however, no tumor was identified after incising the gastric wall. Subsequent surgical exploration revealed no gastric lesions in both patients, but a mass was found in the left triangular ligament of the liver. The patients underwent laparoscopic tumor resection, and the postoperative diagnosis was hepatic hemangiomas.
CONCLUSION
During EUS procedures, scanning across different layers and at varying degrees of gastric cavity distension, coupled with meticulous image analysis, has the potential to mitigate the likelihood of such misdiagnoses.
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID PANDEMIC ON THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT OF GEORGIA AND THE STRATEGIES TO FIGHT AGAINST THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Kvachantiradze Besik 
Published: July 2024

Besik Kvachantiradze
E-mail: b.kvatchantiradze@gmail.com
PhD Students,Batumi Shota Rustaveli state University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2833-1007

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the business landscape around the whole world. Georgia was no exception. Against the challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the business environment of Georgia has undergone significant transformations. The country has recognized the vital role of economic development in the well-being of society, and the government has focused on promoting the growth of innovation while overcoming the obstacles caused by the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted global trade and tourism, which has had a huge impact on Georgia's economy. With a heavy reliance on tourism, border closures and travel restrictions have led to a sharp drop in tourist arrivals, leading to job losses and reduced business revenue. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which are the backbone of Georgia's economy, have faced enormous challenges during the pandemic. Many businesses, particularly in the retail, hospitality and entertainment sectors, have been forced to close due to financial constraints and lack of government support. Addressing these obstacles required coordinated efforts by government authorities and international organizations to mitigate the negative effects of the pandemic and implement recovery efforts. Georgia has been trying to adapt to global economic trends for years; and the pandemic has highlighted the need for acceleration of innovation and adaptation to international business norms and standards.
Keywords: Business environment, small and medium business
JEL classification: O1, G2, E4
PARTNERSHIP RELATIONS AND THE FEELING OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING
Authors: Katamadze Davit , Beridze Ketevan , Rusieshvili Nino , Vekua Lizi 
Published: July 2024

Davit Katamadze
E-mail: datoqatamadze@gmail.com
Assistant Professor of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Georgia, Batumi
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8815-1167

Ketevan Beridze
E-mail: k.beridze@bsu.edu.ge
Professor of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Georgia, Batumi
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-7037

Nino Rusieshvili
E-mail: niniarusieshvili@gmail.com
Teacher, Master of Clinical Psychology, BSU, special teacher of psychology clinic
Georgia, Batumi
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6370-5553

Lizi Vekua
E-mail: vekualiza10@gmail.com
Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Third year student of psychology
Georgia, Batumi
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2193-2779

Abstract. A person's life satisfaction is determined by various factors: feeling satisfied with oneself and achievements, positive relationships, social involvement, independence, self-acceptance, continuous growth. Our well-being is also greatly influenced by partnership relations.
As part of our research, I wanted to find out how much our love relationships govern our sense of subjective well-being. An unhealthy relationship can affect many areas of mental health, life satisfaction, self-perception, and even self-esteem.
A positive partner relationship, characterized by factors such as emotional support, friendship, intimacy, and effective communication, is associated with reduced stress levels, improved mood, and greater psychological resilience (Pietromonaco & Collins, 2017). Moreover, the benefits of healthy partnerships go beyond psychological well-being to include aspects of physical health. For example, individuals with satisfying relationships have lower rates of cardiovascular disease, better immune system function, and even longer life spans (Robles & Kiecolt-Glaser, 2003).
Having a supportive partner can also enhance individuals' social well-being by providing belonging, validation, and social support during difficult times (Gable & Gosnell, 2013).
It is interesting to believe that two people can have such a great influence on each other, that their symbiosis can lead not only to their relationship satisfaction and happiness, but also to the level of well-being, self-acceptance, autonomy, adaptation to the environment, etc. These factors will be discussed in the paper.
Romantic relationships are a central aspect of most people's lives. We hypothesize that satisfaction with the partnership affects subjective well-being and life satisfaction.

Key words: partnership relations, well-being, satisfaction, partner.

JEL classification: Y800
ANALYSIS OF COUNTRIES' IMAGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THEIR CONSUMERS: THE IMPACT OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND TECHNO-SOCIO-CULTURAL DESIRE
Authors: Monteiro Thel , Maganin Henrique , Fantin Sandra , Larios -Gomez Emígido , Otero Mónica 
Published: July 2024

Thel Monteiro
E-mail: thel.monteiro@puc-campinas.edu.br
Doctor, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas
Campinas, Brazil
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-1676

Henrique Maganin
E-mail: henriquemaganin@gmail.com
Bachelor, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba
Piracicaba, Brazil
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4672-0116

Sandra Fantin
E-mail: sandra.fantin@puc-campinas.edu.br
Master, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas
Campinas, Brazil
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-8876

Emígido Larios -Gomez
E-mail: herr.larios@gmail.com
Benemérita Universidade Autônoma de Puebla
Puebla, Mexico
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3514-1319

Mónica Otero
E-mail: monica.penalosa@utadeo.edu.co
Master, Universidade de Bogotá
Bogota, Colombia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-9224

Abstract: This study aims to deepen the understanding of marketing and the development of its strategies, with a particular focus on marketing mix management. It seeks to identify consumer perceptions from three Latin American countries regarding their national images, considering the impact of political, economic, and techno-social factors. The project employs an exploratory study design, utilizing both primary and secondary data, bibliographic research, and descriptive statistics through the country image scale developed by Martin and Eroglu (1993). According to these authors, country image is defined as the totality of all descriptive, inferential, and informative beliefs about a particular country. The study highlights the implications of utilizing marketing strategies based on these evaluations and perceptions, emphasizing the necessity of constructing a trustworthy image for consumers in the execution of goods or services.

Keywords: Marketing strategy, Country image, retail.
JEL classification: M30
THE REALTIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY SUPPORT WITH NEGLECT OF THE ELDERLY
Authors: Khalisah Amalia  , Anung Ahadi Pradana  
Published: July 2024

Introduction : The elderly are the final stage in the development of life and cannot be avoided by individuals. As time goes by, life expetancy increases, and neglect of the elderly will occur. Purpose: the research aims to determine the picture of neglect of elderly anda the relationship between family support and neglect of the eldelry in Mangunjaya Village Method: This research design uses a cross sectional design carried out in June 2023 in Mangunjaya Village. The total sample obtained was 110 people based on the Slovin formula, with the inclusion criteria being elderly aged more than 60 years, living with family or having a family, elderly people able to understand questionnaire questions (reading or interviews), and living or residing in the Mangunjaya Village area. The instrument used in this research was the family support and neglect questionnaire. This research uses a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach.Result: Statistical test result using chi-square with a confidence interval of 90% and lamda=0,05. The result of the data analysis showed a significat relationship between family support and neglect of the elderly, with a p-value=0,000 < lamda (0,05) Conclusion: The research results show that there is a relationship between family support and family neglect. The elderly need support from their families so they can avoid incidents of neglect in the family.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU KONSUMSI FAST FOOD DENGAN OBESITAS PADA REMAJA DI SMA NEGERI 10 KOTA BEKASI
Authors: Diahtantri Devina , Noerfitri Noerfitri 
Published: July 2024

Pendahuluan: Tingginya prevalensi gemuk (10,9%) dan obesitas (4,5%) pada remaja di Jawa Barat tahun 2018 melebihi prevalensi gemuk (9,5%) dan obesitas (4,0%) di Indonesia. Remaja saat ini gemar mengonsumsi fast food yang kaya akan lemak jenuh, garam, dan kalori. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku konsumsi fast food dengan obesitas pada remaja. Metode: Pendekatan kuantitatif observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional untuk melihat hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku konsumsi fast food dengan obesitas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA Negeri 10 Kota Bekasi. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling dengan besar sampel sebanyak 105 responden. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Uji Chi-Square. Hasil: Didapatkan p-value untuk hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku konsumsi fast food dengan kejadian obesitas masing-masings ebesar 0,474; 0,406; 0,634. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku konsumsi fast food dengan obesitas pada remaja di SMA Negeri 10 Kota Bekasi.
Risk Analysis of Jet A-1 Tank Filling and Storage Processes at the Shorebase
Authors: İlçi Firdevs , Çetinyokuş Saliha 
Published: July 2024

Coastal Logistics Centers (CLS) provide logistics support to deep-sea drilling operations. Jet A-1 (helifuel), required for helicopters that transfer personnel to drilling ships, is filled into tanks from the tanker arriving at CLS and stored in open areas. Jet A-1 is a hazardous chemical with flammable and toxic effects and can also explode when exposed to flame. Risk analysis of this hazardous chemical is essential for CLS. This study aimed to determine the process hazards and risk analysis in the filling and storage operation of Jet A-1 from tankers to tanks. For this purpose, the Preliminary Hazard List (PHL) and Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) were performed. Then, a Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study was carried out based on these analysis results. The HAZOP study identified Jet A-1 overflow from the tank as a high-risk event. Afterward, Event Tree Analysis (ETA) was performed on the initial event of Jet A-1 spilling due to tank overflow. In ETA analysis, immediate ignition, delayed ignition, and explosion probabilities resulting from delayed ignition were calculated with the CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety) Module. The probability and frequency values of accident scenarios were calculated as P=0.0028, f=1.736 x10-4 year-1 for jet fire, P=0.0225, f=1.395x10-3 year-1 for vapor cloud explosion, P=0.127, f=7.874x10-3 year-1 for flash fire, P=0.847, f = 0.0525 year-1 for toxic release, respectively. It was determined that all accident scenario frequency values were above the legislation threshold value (10-4 year-1). Design solutions and preventive measures have been proposed to reduce risks. The combination of risk analysis methods is effective in risk assessment studies.

Received: 8 April 2024 | Revised: 28 June 2024 | Accepted: 9 July 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Author Contribution Statement
Firdevs İlçi: Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Visualization; Saliha Çetinyokuş: Conceptualization, Validation, Investigation, Writing - review & editing, Supervision.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Kooperatif Learning Tipe Example Non Example Pada Tema Berbagai Pekerjaan IV
Authors: Keliat Erika Andriani Br , Yarshal Dinda 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa melalui kooperatif learning tipe example non example pada tema berbagai pekerjaan IV pada SD Negeri 101810 Deli Tua , dengan jumlah siswa 20 yang dimana sebagian 09 dari siswa masih memiliki rendahnya nilai ulangan siswa sedangkan 11 siswa tuntas pada evaluasi pembelajaran tematik yang hasil tersebut masih dibawah rata- rata KKM (Kreteria Ketuntasan Maksimal). hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan peneliti penerapan kooperatif learning tipe example non example dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar sisiwa pada tema berbagai pekerjaan pada kelas IV SD. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada hasil dari siklus I yang telah dilakukan mengasilkan nilai 70% dan disiklus kedua menjadi 85% dan pada dengan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan kooperatif learning tipe example non examplepada tema berbagai pekerjaan pada kelas IV SD mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.Maka sangat dianjurkan untuk guru dapat menerapkan model tersebut.
KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ GÃY KÍN ĐẦU DƯỚI XƯƠNG CẲNG CHÂN BẰNG PHẪU THUẬT KẾT HỢP XƯƠNG NẸP VÍT VỚI KỸ THUẬT ÍT XÂM LẤN
Authors: Huỳnh Thành Phương Nhân , Trần Anh Dũng , Nguyễn Lê Hoan , Nguyễn Thành Tấn 
Published: July 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Gãy kín đầu dưới hai xương cẳng chân là kiểu gãy thường gặp với nhiều phương pháp điều trị. Hiện nay, việc điều trị loại gãy này đặt ra nhiều vấn đề về các biến chứng và khả năng lành xương theo phương pháp mổ mở. Kết hợp xương bằng nẹp vít can thiệp tối thiểu cho thấy nhiều kết quả khả quan, hiệu quả lành xương cao và giảm thiểu được các biến chứng. Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị gãy kín đầu dưới xương cẳng chân bằng phẫu thuật kết hợp xương nẹp vít với kỹ thuật ít xâm lấn và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng kết quả điều trị tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Trung Ương Cần Thơ và Bệnh viện Đa khoa Đồng Tháp. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Những bệnh nhân gãy kín đầu dưới xương cẳng chân được điều trị bằng phẫu thuật kết hợp xương nẹp vít với kỹ thuật ít xâm lấn được đưa vào nghiên cứu. Chúng tôi ghi nhận các đặc điểm bệnh nhân, lâm sàng, X quang và đánh giá kết quả điều trị gồm kết quả nắn chỉnh, sự liền xương theo JL Haas và JY De la Cafinière, sự phục hồi chức năng bằng thang điểm AOFAS và sự hài lòng của bệnh nhân. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình là 52,73 ± 15,3 tuổi. Kiểu gãy theo AO/OTA chủ yếu là 43A1. 100% bệnh nhân đều liền xương với thời gian liền xương trung bình là 12,51 tuần. Điểm AOFAS trung bình đạt 95,44 ± 4,136 tại thời điểm 6 tháng sau mổ của 27 bệnh nhân với kết quả phục hồi chức năng rất tốt đạt 92,59% và tốt đạt 7,41%. Sự hài lòng về liền xương và phục hồi chức năng đạt 94,59%. Kết luận: kết hợp xương bằng nẹp vít ít xâm lấn cho gãy đầu dưới xương cẳng chân mang lại kết quả điều trị tốt với tỉ lệ liền xương cao và bệnh nhân sớm trở lại với hoạt động thường ngày.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM TỔN THƯƠNG MIH VỚI ÁNH SÁNG XUYÊN THẤU
Authors: Pham Kim Thành , Phan Thanh Tường , Võ Trương Như Ngọc , Lê Hoàng Anh , Nguyễn Vinh Quang , Võ Nhật Minh , Nguyễn Thùy Linh 
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Mô tả đặc điểm tổn thương MIH với ánh sáng xuyên thấu ở một nhóm trẻ em có răng mắc MIH tại thành phố Sa Đéc, tỉnh Đồng Tháp. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang trên 35 trẻ em có răng cửa mắc MIH. Kết quả: Trong 35 trẻ nghiên cứu, 31 trẻ có răng cửa mắc MIH thể nhẹ, 04 trẻ có răng cửa chỉ mắc MIH thể nặng, không đồng thời mắc thể nhẹ ở răng cửa, loại 1 chiếm tỷ lệ 51,02% (25/49), loại 2 chiếm tỷ lệ 26,53% (13/49), loại 3 chiếm tỷ lệ 22,45% (11/49), răng cửa giữa hàm trên hay gặp tổn thương nhất (28/49 răng,chiếm tỷ lệ 57,14%). Kết luận: Đèn xuyên thấu có giá trị trong hỗ trợ chẩn đoán và tiên lượng kế hoạch điều trị, từ phân loại theo ánh sáng xuyên thấu có thể tiên lượng được số răng có nguy cơ vỡ bề mặt. Răng cửa giữa thường gặp tổn thương, loại 1 chiếm đa số hơn trong 3 loại tổn thương khi thăm khám với ánh sáng xuyên thấu.