bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Angular Polycyclic Aromatic Molecules Via Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cycloaddition of 2‐Alkylidenetrimethylene Carbonates with Quinazoline‐Derived Azomethine Imines
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Jin‐Qi , Zhao Li‐Ming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA formal [4+3] cycloaddition of 2‐alkylidenetrimethylene carbonates with quinazoline‐derived azomethine imines is described. Under Pd catalysis, the reaction works efficiently under room temperature to afford angular quinazoline‐fused seven‐membered N,N,O‐heterocycles. A variety of cyclic carbonates and azomethine imines were well tolerated under mild reaction conditions. This work demonstrates the synthetic utility of decarboxylative cycloadditions of 2‐alkylidenetrimethylene carbonates for the synthesis of angular polycyclic aromatic molecules.
Kindred spirits: Cognitive frame similarity and good faith provisions in strategic alliance contracts
Authors: Hanisch Marvin , Graf‐Vlachy Lorenz , Haeussler Carolin , König Andreas , Cho Theresa S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryAn intriguing yet underexamined phenomenon in strategic alliance contracts is the use of good faith provisions. These provisions appeal to parties' integrity and fair dealing but are often ambiguous, and their enforcement in court is unpredictable. Adopting a sociocognitive perspective, we predict a positive relationship between the similarity of partners' organizational‐level cognitive frames and the number of good faith provisions in alliance contracts. We further posit that technological uncertainty strengthens this relationship, whereas each alliance partner's cumulative contracting experience weakens it. We also expect a more positive relationship in instances of “genuine” good faith, which serves as a substitute for an explicit clause, compared with “guarded” good faith, which supplements an explicit clause. Our analysis of 1225 strategic alliance contracts from the biopharmaceutical industry supports our arguments.Managerial SummaryManagers negotiating strategic alliances often face a dilemma: they negotiate detailed contracts to reduce legal risk but limit flexibility or opt for less codification, saving time and retaining flexibility but increasing legal risk. Good faith provisions offer a potential solution because they are flexible yet legally enforceable, but they require a shared interpretation of the relevant contingency, raising questions about when managers find this approach reasonable. We analyzed 1225 biopharmaceutical alliance contracts and found that such provisions are more common when alliance partners have similar cognitive frames, as evidenced by similar “About Us” web pages. This effect is stronger under conditions of greater technological uncertainty but weakens with more alliance experience. Our study elucidates the use of good faith provisions to aid managers in navigating alliance negotiations efficiently.
Ultra‐Stretchable Composite Organohydrogels Polymerized Based on MXene@Tannic Acid‐Ag Autocatalytic System for Highly Sensitive Wearable Sensors
Authors: Zou Yuxin , Liu Guoqiang , Wang Hanxin , Du Kang , Guo Jinglun , Shang Zhenling , Guo Ruisheng , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConductive hydrogels have attracted widespread attention in the fields of biomedicine and health monitoring. However, their practical application is severely hindered by the lengthy and energy‐intensive polymerization process and weak mechanical properties. Here, a rapid polymerization method of polyacrylic acid/gelatin double‐network organohydrogel is designed by integrating tannic acid (TA) and Ag nanoparticles on conductive MXene nanosheets as catalyst in a binary solvent of water and glycerol, requiring no external energy input. The synergistic effect of TA and Ag NPs maintains the dynamic redox activity of phenol and quinone within the system, enhancing the efficiency of ammonium persulfate to generate radicals, leading to polymerization within 10 min. Also, ternary composite MXene@TA‐Ag can act as conductive agents, enhanced fillers, adhesion promoters, and antibacterial agents of organohydrogels, granting them excellent multi‐functionality. The organohydrogels exhibit excellent stretchability (1740%) and high tensile strength (184 kPa). The strain sensors based on the organohydrogels exhibit ultrahigh sensitivity (GF = 3.86), low detection limit (0.1%), and excellent stability (>1000 cycles, >7 days). These sensors can monitor the human limb movements, respiratory and vocal cord vibration, as well as various levels of arteries. Therefore, this organohydrogel holds potential for applications in fields such as human health monitoring and speech recognition.
Curved Structure Regulated Single Metal Sites for Advanced Electrocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Liu Yang , Wu Zefei , Gu Chen , Chen Jianmei , Zhu Yanwei , Wang Longlu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCurved surface with defined local electronic structures and regulated surface microenvironments is significant for advanced catalytic engineering. Since single‐atom catalysts are highly efficient and active, they have attracted much attention in recent years. The curvature carrier has a significant effect on the electronic structure regulation of single‐atom sites, which effectively promote the catalytic efficiency. Here, the effect of the curvature structure with exposed metal atoms for catalysis is comprehensively summarized. First, the substrates with curvature features are reviewed. Second, the applications of single‐atom catalysts containing curvature in a variety of different electrocatalytic reactions are discussed in depth. The impact of curvature effects in catalytic reactions is further analyzed. Finally, prospects and suggestions for their application and future development are presented. This review paves the way for the construction of high curvature‐containing surface carriers, which is of great significance for single‐atom catalysts development.
Mussel‐Inspired Polymer Binders for Organic Electrodes
Authors: Battaglia Alicia M. , Grignon Eloi , Liu Jiang Tian , Seferos Dwight S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe development of polymer binders is necessary to meet the growing demands of modern energy storage technologies. While catechol‐containing materials are proven successful in silicon anodes, their application in organic batteries remains unexplored. In this contribution, the synthesis of four polymers are described with nearly identical side chain composition but varying backbone structures. The materials are used to investigate the effect of polymer backbone structure on the binding abilities of catechol‐containing materials. Comparative analysis with the commonly used polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder aims to address two critical questions: 1) Can catechol‐rich polymers replace PVDF for use in organic cathodes? and 2) Does the choice of polymer backbone affect the performance of the battery?. The investigation reveals that supramolecular interactions, such as π–π stacking and coordination bonding, are pivotal features of catechol binders. Among the catechol‐rich polymers, the polyacrylate binder stands out, likely attributed to its high flexibility. Additionally, introducing an oxygen atom into a catechol‐rich polynorbornene enhances lithium‐ion conductivity and rate performance. Overall, the findings highlight the viability of catechol‐containing polymers as organic cathode binders, and that the choice of polymer backbone is a crucial factor for their use as lithium‐ion battery binder materials.
A critical systems approach to conference organisation: Hosting an international conference in South Africa
Authors: Goede Roelien 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnnual meetings have the potential to be used to promote the objectives of a society in a unique setting. A carefully selected venue will not only enhance the experience but also promote the very essence of the society. However, conference organisation can also be a minefield of unexpected problems caused by the involvement of diverse service providers. The cost to members can easily exceed the benefits they experience.Critical systems thinking provides a framework of understanding for promoting holistic thinking and sensitivity to underlying assumptions, guiding the organiser to include multiple perspectives. In this paper, the systems approach, along with elements of critical systems heuristics, Ubuntu, and servant‐leadership, are used to reflect on the organisation of the annual meeting of an international systems organisation. The choice of venue provided both opportunities and challenges.The reflection on the process focuses on the fluidity of boundaries and the interplay between systemic planning and systematic implementation.
Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Forced Degradation Products of Bosentan by Using Advanced Analytical Techniques
Authors: Kanagaddi Rajesh , Nannapaneni Satya Sree , Raghupathi Jayaprakash Kanijam , Katari Naresh Kumar , Salakolusu Suresh , Murty J. N. S. R. C. , Ranga Mahesh , Kaliyaperumal Muralidharan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study explains the degradation behavior of bosentan (BOS), active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) (BOS monohydrate), a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved drug used for the treatment of chronic heart failure, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and Raynaud's syndrome pulmonary hypertension. The stress study was performed under various stress conditions such as acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal degradation, and photolysis as per International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and found three degradation products (DPs) under acid hydrolysis conditions (1 N HCl/4 h/60°C reflux conditions) (the net degradation of API ∼ 21.39%). The drug was found to be stable under the remaining conditions (thermal, photolytic, oxidative, and basic hydrolytic conditions). Mechanisms for forming the three acid DPs were also proposed and discussed. The DPs were initially detected by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. These DPs were isolated by preparative HPLC and then characterized by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques. Based on the structural characterization study, all these DPs are new and not reported elsewhere in the literature to my knowledge. Many reports were found in the literature for the quantification of the drug in the APIs and formulation products. However, there is no report published yet for the identification and characterization of DPs of the BOS drug.
Integration of Samarium Vanadate/Halloysite Nanotubes: Electrochemical Determination of Furaltadone Using Flexible Electrode
Authors: Jana Jayasmita , Sharma Tata Sanjay Kanna , Babu Beena Mol , Ansar Sabah , Chowdhury Somnath , Sriram Balasubramanian , Wang Sea‐Fue , Kang Sung Gu , Chung Jin Suk , Choi Won Mook , Hur Seung Hyun 
Published: August 2024

In this study, a composite comprising a rare‐earth metal, samarium vanadate (SmVO4, SmV), anchored to halloysite nanotube (HNT) making SmV/HNT nanocomposite is synthesized for the sensitive electrochemical determination of furaltadone (FLD) through differential pulse voltammetry analysis based on the synergistic effect of SmV/HNT (the catalytic activity and chemical stability of SmV, which was further boosted by the improved surface area and conductance of HNT). Further, in the microscopic studies, it is revealed that SmV exhibits a tetragonal zircon‐type crystalline structure, with I41/amd (141) space group, whereas HNT comprises a multiphase kaolin composition as a gibbsite‐like octahedral sheet with multivalency, and the morphological irregularities of the individual constituents are rectified in the composite. The SmV/HNT composite is spray‐coated on polyethylene terephthalate sheet, which delivered a promising trace level limit of detection (0.009 μm) over a wide working range (0.05–194.4 μm) for FLD. Furthermore, real sample analysis is performed using human serum, and pharmaceutical tablet and the results reveal exceptional repeatability and sensitivity, indicating the real‐time application of SmV/HNT in the pharmaceutical domain.
Characterization of Alternative Starches and Its Effects on the In Vitro Dissolution of Capsules Containing Low Solubility Drugs (Ibuprofen and Nifedipine)
Authors: de Freitas Santos Júnior Aníbal , Carvalho Junior Carlos Magno Ramos , Teles Júnior Gilmar Antônio Carvalho , Silva Vagner Cardoso da 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBiopharmaceutical applications of alternative starches (ASs), as excipients in capsules containing low solubility drugs (nifedipine and ibuprofen), from seeds of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), red‐jambo (Syzygium malaccense), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.), avocado (Persea americana), and yam rhizomes (Dioscorea spp.), are investigated. ASs are characterized by microscopic, thermal, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Dissolution profiles are traced and compared to the official starch (from corn) – soluble in hot water, particle size (2–32 µm) and amylose/amylopectin ratio (0.29–0.33). Microscopy analysis shows AS granules with tetrahedral and spherical/rounded shapes (average size of 21.45 µm). The amylose/amylopectin ratios of AS are: breadfruit (0.29–0.37), red‐jambo (0.25–0.29), jackfruit (0.28–0.37), avocado (0.33–0.43), and yam rhizomes (0.37–0.47). AS presents crystallinity patterns of types A, B, and C. Thermal analysis shows mass loss with dehydration – 303 and 373 K (30 and 100 °C) and degradation 525 and 626 K (252 and 353 °C). The release of nifedipine (≥80%, in 20 min) and ibuprofen (≥60%, in 30 min) are similar or superior to corn starch. Only AS obtained from avocado seeds fails to release nifedipine. This study contributes to the quality control of medicine and alternative bioproducts.
Practical social media recommendations for dementia prevention researchers
Authors: Hrincu Viorica , Roy Katherine T. , Robillard Julie M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPractical social media recommendations are needed to facilitate greater engagement in dementia prevention research. Alongside relevant experts, our aim was to develop a set of consensus recommendations that reflect the values and priorities of prospective participants to guide social media use.METHODSWe conducted a three‐round, modified Delphi consisting of three online surveys and three conferences calls. The diverse, international Delphi panel comprised 16 experts with lived (n = 10) and professional (n = 6) experiences. Consensus was defined a priori as ≥ 70% agreement.RESULTSTwenty‐six items achieved consensus. Two items reached consensus in round 1: ethical considerations of closed social media groups (88%) and of social media users sharing prevention content with connections who are not on social media (79%). Nine items reached consensus in round 2, related to misinformation (79%), stigma (93%), and other key aspects of social media communication. After revisions, 15 items reached consensus in the final round. These items included: identifying when researchers ought to engage, managing closed social media groups, rankings of short form content, prioritizing lay summaries and multimedia resources, and rankings of preferred language. One item about the language of prevention for audiences living with dementia did not reach consensus. Final consensus items formed the new set of recommendations, which we organized into seven social media use cases. These use cases include setting up a social media page or community, handling online misinformation, actively challenging stigma, handling difficult online interactions, introducing new research to the public, help with study recruitment, and the language of prevention when writing posts.DISCUSSIONThese consensus recommendations can help dementia prevention researchers harness social media use for the purposes of public engagement and uphold the norms and values specific to the dementia research and broader communities.Highlights
We created social media recommendations with research and community experts.
Recommendations cover key ethical considerations for dementia prevention research.
Areas include misinformation, stigma, information updates, and preferred language.
Full consensus recommendations are organized into seven social media use cases.
Frequency domain‐based analytical solutions for one‐dimensional soil water flow in layered soils
Authors: Zhu Jiong , Zha Yuanyuan , Yeh Tian‐Chyi Jim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolutions of the linearized Richardson–Richards Equation (RRE) for one‐dimensional soil water flow in layered soils with sinusoidal flux in the frequency domain are derived. We evaluate the accuracy of our analytical and other analytical solutions by comparing them with results from a standard numerical model. Our analytical solution agrees with the numerical solution under multi‐layered heterogeneous soil, while others disagree. We also demonstrate the capability of the proposed solution to simulate soil moisture dynamics under a realistic, multi‐frequency flux case. The procedure described in the paper is valid for any series of arbitrary periodic flux superpositions for layered heterogeneous . Moreover, our solution is efficient in the calculation compared with numerical solutions, especially when dealing with long‐time series soil moisture, which can provide a validation of numerical models.
Wastewater reuse benefits for municipal complete retention lagoons: Life cycle assessment and dynamic modeling
Authors: Thompson Matthew , Dvorak Bruce 
Published: August 2024

AbstractComplete retention lagoons with wastewater reuse for agricultural purposes may offer sustainability advantages over alternative systems for small communities in semiarid regions. This study quantifies the environmental life cycle impact of adopting agriculture water reuse systems using case study data to estimate operating and building infrastructure impacts and spatial–temporal modeling to quantify resource trade‐offs. Water reuse system benefits are highly dependent on supply–storage–demand dynamics. The relative size of irrigated agricultural land to the lagoon size was the most significant factor influencing site water application rates. The benefits are sensitive to changes in air emissions occurring from the agricultural land and further emphasize the importance of proper fertilizer management when adopting water reuse systems. Wastewater reuse from complete retention lagoons reduce life cycle GHG emissions, primarily through excavation reductions, offset fertilizer use, and especially from increased crop yields from wastewater reuse at previously rainfed sites.Practitioner Points
Seven case studies and spatial–temporal modeling quantified resource trade‐offs for water reuse to reduce lagoon size.
Excavation reductions and offset fertilizer compensated for emissions from electricity and construction.
Crop yield increases were the largest environmental benefit of adopting water reuse.
System benefits are highly dependent on supply–storage–demand dynamics.
Designers should use climatic data to help estimate potential variability in available water for reuse and associated energy and crop production.
Bioinspired and bioderived nanomedicine for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gazzi Rafaela , Gelli Rita , Aleandri Simone , Carone Marianna , Luciani Paola 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to its chronic nature and complex pathophysiology, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses significant challenges for treatment. The long‐term therapies for patients, often diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40, call for innovative strategies to target inflammation, minimize systemic drug exposure, and improve patients' therapeutic outcomes. Among the plethora of strategies currently pursued, bioinspired and bioderived nano‐based formulations have garnered interest for their safety and versatility in the management of IBD. Bioinspired nanomedicine can host and deliver not only small drug molecules but also biotherapeutics, be made gastroresistant and mucoadhesive or mucopenetrating and, for these reasons, are largely investigated for oral administration, while surprisingly less for rectal delivery, recommended first‐line treatment approach for several IBD patients. The use of bioderived nanocarriers, mostly extracellular vesicles (EVs), endowed with unique homing abilities, is still in its infancy with respect to the arsenal of nanomedicine under investigation for IBD treatment. An emerging source of EVs suited for oral administration is ingesta, that is, plants or milk, thanks to their remarkable ability to resist the harsh environment of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Inspired by the unparalleled properties of natural biomaterials, sophisticated avenues for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and advancing precision medicine approaches in IBD care are taking shape, although bottlenecks arising either from the complexity of the nanomedicine designed or from the lack of a clear regulatory pathway still hinder a smooth and efficient translation to the clinics.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
X‐ray microanalysis and mapping for white ceramics unearthed from Gangguantun Kiln of Liaoyang, Liaoning province, China
Authors: Shen Guiyun , Yu Jinyu , Zhang Baolong , Wu Yuanyuan , Zhou Jun , Li Naisheng , Zhu Jian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this case, electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and micro x‐ray fluorescence (μ‐XRF) techniques were employed to the analysis of white porcelain species artifacts unearthed from the Gangguantun Kiln (10–13th century) and investigate for its production processes' details by microanalysis. Microscopic observation reveals the presence of inclusions in the ceramic bodies across different historical periods, with notable disparities in the form and quantity of these inclusions between samples from distinct periods. By employing EPMA mapping and particle analysis, it was discerned that the inclusions in the late‐period white porcelain are primarily composed of calcium‐rich materials, exhibiting a uniform composition and structure. The uniformity in particle size distribution strongly suggests that these inclusions are temper with certain purpose, deliberately and intentionally introduced by skilled artisans following a controlled processing method. This discovery rectifies the previously held notion that the white porcelain products from the Gangguantun Kiln were rustic and coarse, with the “black iron spots” or other inclusion being viewed as impurities. Furthermore, these temper materials, likely treated before incorporation, may have played a role in enhancing the firing process of ceramics. This revelation sheds light on the distinctive technological aspects of ceramic craftsmanship during the Liao and Jin dynasty periods. It serves as a crucial reference for delving into the technical choices and integration within the handicraft industry of northern China during the Liao‐Jin era, as well as the unique regional characteristics and stylistic features of the period. This significantly enriches our comprehension of this historical era.