bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthism, Elite Capture, and the Pitfalls of an Expansive Concept of Health
Authors: Kukla Quill R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractI urge caution when building a pragmatist, pluralist conception of health. It is tempting to let the definition of health expand almost indefinitely, so that all dimensions of life and well-being become ‘health issues.’ Such expansionist conceptions of health intersect dangerously with our pervasive cultural healthism, which is the idea that health is an indefeasible value and caring for health is always a primary responsibility. Allowing the concept of health to expand indefinitely against a background of healthism enables it to be weaponized by stakeholders with social power and by institutions with specific interests in ways that undermine social justice and become tyrannical and elitist. In short, when every dimension of our well-being starts to count as part of health, then healthism starts to control every dimension of well-being. I look at three case studies, each of which is a domain in which the concept of health has expanded and become weaponized in toxic ways: healthy eating, healthy sexuality, and healthy gender identity. I end by arguing that we can understand the weaponization of health as a kind of elite capture.
Epistemic Inclusion and the Silence of the Patients
Authors: Zwart Hub 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn The Birth of the Clinic, Michel Foucault (1963) practiced historical epistemology, combining two scholarly crafts, history of medicine and philosophy of science. With his philosophical hammer and stethoscope, he assessed epistemic configurations: landscapes of discourse and practice. Philosophical readers are intrigued by the epistemological ruptures he discerned, the sudden upheavals in the ways in which physicians observed, treated, looked at, listened to, and wrote about their patients. Foucault was an “archaeologist”, signalling the sudden emergence and disappearance of “discursive formations”, pointing to abrupt and remarkable changes in the ways in which phenomena are described, analysed, and categorised. (Foucault 1969). For an archaeologist, all (anonymous) potsherds and coins stemming from a particular formation (or discursive layer) share a number of basic similarities: they were all produced in a similar vein. Likewise, within a particular discursive formation, all texts are basically similar. And although author names are mentioned by Foucault, the author’s identity does not really count. Foucault is interested in the basic logic at work, anonymously almost. Notwithstanding the countless discussions and debates between authors, a spontaneous unanimity can be discerned, concerning basic presuppositions that remain unquestioned. At the same time, there are striking differences between discursive formations (between layers within libraries). Historians tend to be critical about this approach. Add more detail, and the epistemic fault lines become increasingly diffuse,—the theorem of epistemic discontinuity becomes difficult to uphold.
A Coupled CFD-DEM Approach to Model Reactive Granular Beds
Authors: Spijker Christoph , Pollhammer Werner 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPacked and moving bed reactors are widely used in process industry to process granular material. Shaft furnaces are one example of this. Due to their counterflow layout, a high thermal efficiency can be achieved. Shaft furnaces have a wide range of length and time scales that makes them challenging to model. Geometric details, like injection nozzles, are smaller than the particle size, which need a computationally highly expensive resolved Discrete Element Method (DEM) approach. To overcome this problem, a computing technique called Volume Fraction Smoother (VFS) was developed. Since the time scales in those systems reach from milliseconds for the particle collisions to hours of process time, the process time scale must be separated to model a quasi-steady state with reasonable computing time. For this, the Time Scale Splitting Method (TSSM) was introduced. This method was also adapted to model the self-heating behaviour of direct reduced iron (DRI).
PdRuO2/PVP nanomaterial as a highly selective, stable, and applicable potentiometric sensor for the detection of Cr3+
Authors: Çevik Kenan , Yildiz İlyas , Yildiz Adnan , Nas Mehmet Salih , Alma Mehmet Hakki , Calimli Mehmet Harbi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPdRuO2/PVP nanomaterial was synthesized using a straightforward method and characterized using advanced analytical methods such as TEM, XRD, XPS, elemental mapping and SEM. The synthesized PdRuO2/PVP nanomaterial was used as an ionophore in potentiometric sensor electrodes and successfully adapted to Cr3+ ion detection in a large number of aqueous samples. Several experimental parameters of the PdRuO2/PVP sensor such as potentiometric behavior, selectivity, repeatability, response time, pH, titration, and recovery in real samples were investigated. Potentiometric behavioral characteristics were performed in the concentration range 1 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−1 M. The repeated experiments performed six times showed that there was no deviation in the measurements. The limit of detection of the PdRuO2/PVP potentiometric sensor was very low with a value of 8.6 × 10−8 M. The potentiometric measurements showed that the synthesized PdRuO2/PVP ionophore was highly effective in detecting Cr3+ in a wide pH range of 2.0–8.0 and was found to have a shelf life of over 1 year. As a result, the synthesized PdRuO2/PVP electrode material was found to be highly selective, stable, and applicable for Cr3+ detection.
Graphical Abstract
LES of Biomass Syngas Combustion in a Swirl Stabilised Burner: Model Validation and Predictions
Authors: Papafilippou Nikolaos , Pignatelli Francesco , Subash Arman Ahamed , Chishty Muhammad Aqib , Gebart Rikard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, numerical investigations were performed using large eddy simulations and validated against detailed measurements in the CeCOST swirl stabilised burner. Both cold and reactive flow have been studied and the model has shown a good agreement with experiments. The verification of the model was done using the LES index of quality and a single grid estimator. The cold flow simulations predicted results closely to experiments setting baseline for the reactive simulations. Coherent structures like the vortex rope above the swirler and a precessing vortex core in the combustion chamber were identified. The reactive conditions were modelled with the Flamelet generated manifold and artificially thickened flame models. Simulations were performed for an experimental syngas composition from black liquor gasification at three different CO2 dilution levels. Three different Reynolds numbers were investigated with the model matching closely to experimentally detected 2D flow field and OH for the most CO2 diluted mixture. It was found that the opening angles of the flames differ by a maximum of 13% between experiments and simulations. The most diluted fuel investigated experienced a liftoff distance of 23.5 mm at the Re 25 k. This was also the highest liftoff distance experienced in this cohort of fuels. The same fuel also proved to have the thickest flame annulus at 78.5 mm. Overall, in cases with no experimental data available the predictions made by the model follow the same trends which hints its applicability to higher Re cases.
Modelling Patient Longitudinal Data for Clinical Decision Support: A Case Study on Emerging AI Healthcare Technologies
Authors: Niu Shuai , Ma Jing , Yin Qing , Wang Zhihua , Bai Liang , Yang Xian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for advanced technology in healthcare. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) have emerged as one of the most promising technologies for improving patient outcomes. This study’s focus on developing a deep state-space model (DSSM) is of utmost importance, as it addresses the current limitations of AI predictive models in handling high-dimensional and longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs). The DSSM’s ability to capture time-varying information from unstructured medical notes, combined with label-dependent attention for interpretability, will allow for more accurate risk prediction for patients. As we move into a post-COVID-19 era, the importance of CDSS in precision medicine cannot be ignored. This study’s contribution to the development of DSSM for unstructured medical notes has the potential to greatly improve patient care and outcomes in the future.
Sex Differences in the Broad Autism Phenotype: Insights from the Australian Biobank
Authors: Di Mento Blaise , John James Rufus , Diaz Antonio Mendoza , Lin Ping-I , Masi Anne , Grove Rachel , Eapen Valsamma 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExamining sub-threshold autistic traits in non-autistic first-degree relatives of individuals on the autism spectrum, known as the Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP), could provide new insights into the associations and familial aggregation of autistic traits. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study of parents (n = 1008), probands with autism (n = 613), and unaffected siblings (n = 221) of probands with autism. BAP traits were examined by the BAP Questionnaire and Communication Checklist-Adult in parents, Autism Developmental Observation Scale-Second edition in probands, and Social Responsiveness Scale in siblings. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to investigate the associations of parental BAP traits on autistic traits in probands and unaffected sibling BAP traits. Fathers showed significantly increased aloofness, pragmatic language difficulties, and social engagement problems compared to mothers. Female siblings showed increased difficulties with social cognition compared to male siblings. Adjusted models of the regression analyses showed that all BAP traits in fathers were significantly associated with BAP trait expression in probands with autism. Additionally, all of mother’s BAP traits were significantly associated with unaffected siblings’ BAP trait expression while only fathers’ aloofness and rigidity traits were inversely associated with siblings’ BAP trait expression. Finally, there were significant inverse interactions noted between parent’s BAP traits and their children’s BAP trait expression. This study demonstrated differences in how males and females express BAP traits and also identified differences in parent-child associations by sex, with fathers having a greater effect on their proband children’s expression of BAP traits than mothers.
Bacterial microbiome dynamics in commercial integrated aquaculture systems growing Ulva in abalone effluent water
Authors: de Jager Kristin , Brink-Hull Marissa , Bolton John J. , Cyrus Mark D. , Macey Brett M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn South Africa, the green seaweed Ulva lacinulata is grown in land-based integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) farms with the abalone Haliotis midae. The Ulva serves as a biofilter and the co-produced Ulva is often used as feed for the abalone. To better understand the potential benefits and risks associated with this practice, this study characterised the bacterial microbiome associated with the seawater and Ulva raceways receiving abalone effluent (IMTA system) and compared this to Ulva tanks supplied with fertilised seawater (non-IMTA; control). Ulva samples were collected from each Ulva system, and water samples were collected at the inlet and outlet of each system. Bacterial communities were assessed using a culture-based approach and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the V3-V4 16S rDNA region. It was observed that Ulva has the potential to reduce the bacterial load of abalone effluent, with the total number of potential culturable Vibrio species declining from 150×103 cells mL-1 in the inlet to 37×103 cells mL-1 in the outlet of the Ulva system. The NGS dataset supported these findings, with a reduction observed in Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas from the inlet to outlet samples. A lower number of genera (p < 0.05) were observed on Ulva when compared with water samples, indicating that Ulva has a beneficial, modulatory effect on bacteria. These findings contribute towards the growing body of evidence for the benefits of seaweeds in IMTA and addresses the biosecurity concerns of abalone farmers wishing to improve the circularity of their farming activities by incorporating seaweeds.
Friendship Network and School Socialization Correlates of Adolescent Ethnic-Racial Identity Development
Authors: Kornienko Olga , Umaña-Taylor Adriana J. , Hernández Maciel M. , Ha Thao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEthnic-racial identity (ERI) development is consequential for youth adjustment and includes exploration, resolution, and affect about the meaning of one’s ethnic-racial group membership. Little is known about how identity-relevant experiences, such as ethnic-racial socialization and discrimination in peer relationships and school contexts, catalyze adolescent ERI development. The present study examines how identity-relevant experiences in friend and school contexts (i.e., proportion of same-ethnoracial friends, cultural socialization among friends, friends’ ERI dimensions, friends’ experiences of ethnoracial discrimination, and school promotion of cultural competence and critical consciousness) are associated with ERI development. A multivariate path model with a sample from four southwestern U.S. schools (N = 717; 50.5% girls; Mage = 13.76; 32% Latinx, 31.5% Multiethnic, 25.7% White, 11% other) was used to test these associations. Findings showed that friend and school predictors of ERI did not differ between early and middle adolescents, but significant differences and similarities emerged in some of these associations between ethnoracially minoritized and White youth. Specifically, friend cultural socialization was positively associated with ERI exploration for ethnoracially minoritized youth only, whereas school critical consciousness socialization was positively linked with ERI exploration only for White youth. Friend cultural socialization and friend network’s levels of ERI resolution were positively associated with ERI resolution across both ethnoracial groups. These friend and school socialization associations were documented above and beyond significant contributions of personal ethnoracial discrimination to ERI exploration and negative affect for both ethnoracially minoritized and White youth. These findings expand our understanding of how friend and school socialization mechanisms are associated with adolescent ERI development, which is vital to advancing developmental theory and fostering developmental competences for youth to navigate their multicultural yet socially stratified and inequitable world.
Comparative Analysis of the Clarus Aspergillus Galactomannan Enzyme Immunoassay Prototype for the Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Authors: Sedik Sarah , Boyer Johannes , Egger Matthias , Dichtl Karl , Prattes Juergen , Prüller Florian , Hoenigl Martin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Galactomannan (GM) testing using Platelia Aspergillus enzyme immunoassay (Platelia AGM) from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) aids in early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Globally, only a minority of laboratories have the capability to perform on-site GM testing, necessitating accessible and affordable alternatives. Hence, we conducted a comparative evaluation of the new clarus Aspergillus GM enzyme immunoassay prototype (clarus AGM prototype) with Platelia AGM using BALF samples.

Methods
This is a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study, where Platelia AGM testing was routinely performed followed by clarus AGM prototype testing in those with true positive or true negative AGM test results according to the 2020 EORTC/MSG and the 2024 FUNDICU consensus definitions. Descriptive statistics, ROC curve analysis, and Spearman’s correlation analysis were used to evaluate analytical performance of the clarus AGM prototype assay.

Results
This study enrolled 259 adult patients, of which 53 (20%) were classified as probable IPA, while 206 did not fulfill IPA-criteria. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between the two assays (rho = 0.727, p < 0.001). The clarus AGM prototype had a sensitivity of 96% (51/53) and a specificity of 74% (153/206) for differentiating probable versus no IPA when using the manufacturer recommended cut-off. ROC curve analysis showed an AUC of 0.936 (95% CI 0.901–0.971) for the clarus AGM prototype, while the Platelia AGM yielded an AUC of 0.918 (95% CI 0.876–0.959).

Conclusions
Clarus AGM prototype demonstrated a strong correlation and promising test performance, comparable to Platelia AGM, rendering it a viable alternative in patients at risk of IPA.
Safe development paradox: evidence and methodological insights from a systematic review
Authors: Fusinato Emanuel , Han Sungju , Kobiyama Masato , de Brito Mariana Madruga 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrological hazards pose significant threats worldwide, resulting in extensive societal and environmental impacts. To mitigate these impacts, structural protection measures like levees are commonly implemented. However, these measures can overlook complex human-water interactions and cause unintended consequences, such as the safe development paradox (SDP) and its sub-phenomena, the levee effect (LE), where risk reduction efforts paradoxically increase risk in the long run due to a false sense of safety. Despite the growing body of research on the SDP and LE, existing evidence remains fragmented due to the diverse methodologies and variables considered. To address this gap, we systematically reviewed 94 studies spanning 2001–2023 to synthesize the methodological approaches, variables, and evidence in this field. Most of the reviewed studies (75%) provided conclusive evidence to support the occurrence of the SDP and LE via three key mechanisms: (a) increased development in protected areas, (b) reduced preparedness and false sense of safety, and (c) increased damage from rare disaster events. About 40% of the reviewed case studies focused solely on exposure, overlooking other critical dimensions of the SDP and LE, such as vulnerability and behavioral aspects linked to a false sense of safety. Furthermore, the effect of non-structural and individual adaptation measures on the SDP and LE remains underinvestigated. A more holistic assessment of these socio-hydrological phenomena should thus include aspects such as preparedness, vulnerability, and risk perception. This holistic approach would enable a better understanding of the diversity of scenarios where the SDP and LE can manifest, providing policymakers with essential information to prevent unintended consequences of adaptation.
‚That’s Not Appropriate!‘ Examining Social Norms as Predictors of Negative Campaigning
Authors: Oschatz Corinna , Maier Jürgen , Dian Mona , Geber Sarah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of negative campaigning is often explained by rational considerations; the more perceived benefits exceed perceived costs, the more likely candidates are to attack their political opponents. However, this benefit-cost ratio explains campaign behavior only to some extent. In this study, we test social norms as additional drivers of a candidate’s attack behavior. Social norms are informal rules that guide the behavior of members of a group. Descriptive norms—the perceived prevalence of a behavior—indicate an effective action. Injunctive norms—the perception of others’ approval of a behavior—indicate appropriate behavior. In a preregistered postelection survey among candidates of the six major parties in five German state elections (N = 1.087), we examine how perceived descriptive and injunctive norms of candidates of other parties, members of a candidate’s own party, and voters affect the decision to go negative in addition to the benefit-cost-ratio. The results show that the perceived descriptive norms among the members of a candidate’s own party (i.e., the perceived extent to which they use negative campaigning) and the perceived injunctive norms of a candidate’s voters (i.e., their perceived approval of negative campaigning) substantially affect a candidate’s attack behavior. No impact was observed for the perceived social norms of candidates from other parties.
Natures, ideas, and essentialism in Kant
Authors: Spagnesi Lorenzo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite recent essentialist approaches to Kant’s laws of nature, it is unclear whether Kant’s critical philosophy is compatible with core tenets of essentialism. In this paper, I first reconstruct Kant’s position by identifying the key metaphysical and epistemological features of his notion of ‘nature’ or ‘essence’. Two theses about natures can be found in the literature, namely that they are noumenal in character (noumenal thesis) and that they guide scientific investigation as regulative ideas of reason (regulative thesis). I argue that Kant’s notion of nature does not entail the noumenal thesis and, based on his model of causal explanation, I propose a novel, phenomenal thesis, that allows for a better understanding of the function of natures as regulative ideas. In the last part of the paper, I show that Kant’s ‘essentialism’ is a genuine form of essentialism committed to de re modality, although it differs in several respects from major contemporary essentialist accounts. I conclude by suggesting that Kant’s essentialism (if appropriately updated) can be relevant to the contemporary debate, which has so far been dominated by Humean and Aristotelian proposals.
Continuous wildfires threaten public and ecosystem health under climate change across continents
Authors: Chen Guochao , Qiu Minghao , Wang Peng , Zhang Yuqiang , Shindell Drew , Zhang Hongliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWildfires burn approximately 3%–4% of the global land area annually, resulting in massive emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Over the past two decades, there has been a declining trend in both global burned area and wildfire emissions. This trend is largely attributed to a decrease in wildfire activity in Africa, which accounts for a substantial portion of the total burned area and emissions. However, the northern high-latitude regions of Asia and North America have witnessed substantial interannual variability in wildfire activity, with several severe events occurring in recent years. Climate plays a pivotal role in influencing wildfire activity and has led to more wildfires in high-latitude regions. These wildfires pose significant threats to climate, ecosystems, and human health. Given recent changes in wildfire patterns and their impacts, it is critical to understand the contributors of wildfires, focus on deteriorating high-latitude areas, and address health risks in poorly managed areas to mitigate wildfire effects.