bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-wide bandwidth wavelength selective couplers based on the all solid multi-core Ge-doped fibre
Authors: Li X. , Sun B. , Yu Y. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA novel wavelength selective coupler based on the all solid nine-core Ge-doped fibre has been proposed. The wavelength selective coupler is based on the phenomenon of a multi-core coupling. All the cores are made of Ge-doped silica and the index of central core is larger than the outer core. At the fixed fibre length, the different wavelength can be selected. The performances of coupling and propagation characteristics have been numerically investigated by using a full beam propagation method (BPM). Simulation results show that the all solid nine-core Ge-doped fibre can achieve simultaneous shorter coupler length and wideband filtering characteristics. The 0.763 mm and 0.745 mm wavelength selective coupler are proposed to achieve different wavelength division and the bandwidth is up to the 400 nm, and 300 nm, respectively.
Vessel perforation during withdrawal of Trevo ProVue stent retriever during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Leishangthem Lakshmi , Satti Sudhakar R. 
Published: June 2014

The authors report a case of an intracranial extravasation during the withdrawal of a Trevo ProVue stent retriever device in a patient being treated for acute ischemic stroke. An 82-year-old woman developed sudden left hemiparesis and aphasia during an urgent cardiac catheterization procedure for a non–ST elevation myocardial infarction. She had a baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of at least 10 and no improvement with intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Cerebral angiography was performed with conscious sedation, confirming an occlusion of the superior division of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). Using standard technique, a Trevo thrombectomy device was deployed across the clot. Post-thrombectomy control angiography demonstrated complete revascularization of the right MCA. The device was then gently withdrawn without difficulty. Immediately afterward the patient's blood pressure showed a sudden and significant elevation. Immediate posttreatment angiography demonstrated active extravasation from the posterior wall of the communicating segment of the right internal carotid artery. Rapid cessation of bleeding was achieved with intravenous administration of protamine and induced hypotension. Immediate neurological assessment was performed, which showed motor improvement. An immediate postintervention CT scan confirmed a moderate-sized subarachnoid hemorrhage and contrast in the prepontine cistern. The patient was discharged home on postoperative Day 3 with an NIHSS score of zero. At 6-month follow-up in the neurointerventional clinic, her NIHSS and modified Rankin Scale scores were both zero.
Endovascular stent retriever devices are increasingly being used as first-line thrombectomy devices in acute embolic strokes. A unique and previously undescribed complication is vessel perforation during withdrawal of a stent retriever. Conservative treatment options and reversal of anticoagulation should be the first line of treatment for such complications. In the authors' case, performing the procedure without anesthesia was helpful in assessing the patient's neurological status.
Safety and efficacy of pedicle screw placement using intraoperative computed tomography: consecutive series of 1148 pedicle screws
Authors: Bydon Mohamad , Xu Risheng , Amin Anubhav G. , Macki Mohamed , Kaloostian Paul , Sciubba Daniel M. , Wolinsky Jean-Paul , Bydon Ali , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Witham Timothy F. 
Published: June 2014

Object
A number of imaging techniques have been introduced to minimize the risk of pedicle screw placement. Intraoperative CT has been recently introduced to assist in spinal instrumentation. The aim of this study was to study the effectiveness of intraoperative CT in enhancing the safety and accuracy of pedicle screw placement.

Methods
The authors included all cases from December 2009 through July 2012 in which intraoperative CT scanning was used to confirm pedicle screw placement.

Results
A total of 203 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of 1148 screws, 103 screws (8.97%) were revised intraoperatively in 72 patients (35.5%): 14 (18.42%) were revised in the cervical spine (C-2 or C-7), 25 (7.25%) in the thoracic spine, and 64 (8.80%) in the lumbar spine. Compared with screws in the thoracic and lumbar regions, pedicle screws placed in the cervical region were statistically more likely to be revised (p = 0.0061). Two patients (0.99%) required reoperations due to undetected misplacement of pedicle screws.

Conclusions
The authors describe one of the first North American experiences using intraoperative CT scanning to confirm the placement of pedicle screws. Compared with a similar cohort of patients from their institution who had pedicle screws inserted via the free-hand technique with postoperative CT, the authors found that the intraoperative CT lowers the threshold for pedicle screw revision, resulting in a statistically higher rate of screw revision in the thoracic and lumbar spine (p < 0.0001). During their 2.5-year experience with the intraoperative CT, the authors did not find a reduction in rates of reoperation for misplaced pedicle screws.
Nonadaptive processes governing early stages of polyploid evolution: Insights from a primary contact zone of relict serpentineKnautia arvensis(Caprifoliaceae)
Authors: Hanzl Martin , Kolář Filip , Nováková Dora , Suda Jan 
Published: June 2014

•Premise of the study:Contact zones between polyploids and their diploid progenitors may provide important insights into the mechanisms of sympatric speciation and local adaptation. However, most published studies investigated secondary contact zones where the effects of genome duplication can be confounded by previous independent evolution of currently sympatric cytotypes. We compared genetically close diploid and autotetraploid serpentine cytotypes ofKnautia arvensis(Caprifoliaceae) in a primary contact zone and evaluated the role of adaptive and nonadaptive processes for cytotype coexistence.•Methods:DNA flow cytometry was used to determine ploidy distribution at various spatial scales (from across the entire contact zone to microgeographic). Habitat preferences of diploids and polyploids were assessed by comparing vegetation composition of nearby ploidy‐uniform sites and by recording plant species immediately surrounding both cytotypes in mixed‐ploidy plots.•Key results:Tetraploids considerably outnumbered their diploid progenitors in the contact zone. Both cytotypes were segregated at all investigated spatial scales. This pattern was not driven by ecological shifts, because both diploids and tetraploids inhabited sites with nearly identical vegetation cover. Certain interploidy niche differentiation was indicated only at the smallest spatial scale; ecologically nonadaptive processes were most likely responsible for this difference.•Conclusions:We conclude that a shift in ecological preferences (i.e., the adaptive scenario) is not necessary for the establishment and evolutionary success of autopolyploid derivatives in primary contact zones. Spatial segregation that would support ploidy coexistence can also be achieved by ecologically nonadaptive processes, including the founder effect, limited dispersal ability, intense clonal growth, and triploid block.
Lippia alba(Verbenaceae): A new tropical autopolyploid complex?
Authors: Reis Aryane C. , Sousa Saulo M. , Vale Aline A. , Pierre Patrícia M. O. , Franco Ana L. , Campos José Marcello S. , Vieira Roberto F. , Viccini Lyderson F. 
Published: June 2014

•Premise of the study:Tropical regions have high species diversity, and polyploidization is a major mechanism of speciation in plants. However, few cases of natural polyploidy have been reported in tropical regions.Lippia alba, is a tropical, aromatic shrub with a wide distribution, extensive morphological plasticity, and several chemotypes. The species has long been recognized as a diploid with 2n= 30 chromosomes. Recently, two variations in chromosome number (2n= 60; 2n= 12–60) have been reported, suggesting the occurrence of polyploidy within the species.•Methods:Flow cytometry was used to investigate the genome size in 106 accessions from 14 Brazilian States. Conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques and pollen viability analysis were employed to characterize each chromosome number observed.•Key results:The DNA 1C‐value varied from 1.17 to 3.45 pg, showing a large variation in genome size. Five distinct chromosome numbers were observed (2n= 30, 38, 45, 60, 90); three are cytogenetically described here for the first time. The 5S rDNA signals varied proportionally according to each chromosome number, but 45S rDNA sites did not. High rates of meiotic irregularity were observed, mainly in cytotypes with higher chromosome numbers.•Conclusions:The data provide new support for the occurrence of a polyploid series inLippia alba. We provide a hypothesis for how this complex may have arisen. Other cryptic polyploid complexes may remain undiscovered in tropical regions.
Les trois âges du paternalisme. Cantines et alimentation ouvrière au Creusot (1860-1960)
Authors: Gacon Stéphane , Jarrige François 
Published: June 2014

L’évolution des formes prises par l’organisation de l’alimentation constitue un observatoire privilégié pour penser le paternalisme et ses reconfigurations entre le milieu du XIX e siècle et la période dite des « Trente Glorieuses ». Au Creusot, le paternalisme des Schneider s’est globalement montré hostile au dispositif de la cantine qu’il n’a adopté que de mauvaise grâce pendant les périodes de crises exceptionnelles, notamment les deux guerres mondiales. Durant les périodes de paix sociale, l’entreprise privilégie le repas à domicile et un modèle familial fondé sur le rôle nourricier des ménagères. La cantine est surtout destinée aux travailleurs étrangers, aux jeunes célibataires et aux travailleurs situés à la marge. C’est donc au moment même où la restauration collective dans les entreprises tend à se normaliser sous l’égide de l’État dans le cadre d’une économie contractuelle que l’ancien paternalisme commence à disparaître. En France, le décret du 5 octobre 1960 impose en effet aux entreprises de plus de 25 salariés de mettre à leur disposition un local de restauration, ce qui favorise la multiplication des restaurants d’entreprise.
La restauration collective des ouvriers en France pendant la Grande Guerre
Authors: Vigna Xavier 
Published: June 2014

Avant 1914, les cantines ouvrières sont rares. La Première Guerre mondiale constitue une phase d’accélération de leur développement et de leur transformation. Ces évolutions tiennent en premier lieu au caractère impérieux de l’amélioration du ravitaillement : il faut nourrir une nouvelle population, plus nombreuse, davantage composée de femmes et d’étrangers, avec leurs habitudes alimentaires. L’alimentation au travail présente des enjeux contemporains décisifs en termes d’effort de production, de paix sociale, et de réforme de la condition ouvrière, espérée en particulier par l’énergique ministre Albert Thomas. Les cantines se multiplient. L’initiative coopérative, pour gérer tantôt des restaurants et cantines, tantôt des magasins d’approvisionnement est importante mais, en la matière, l’initiative patronale domine de manière écrasante. Les ouvriers semblent se satisfaire d’une telle offre puisqu’ils s’inscrivent en masse pour se restaurer dans les cantines. Ces restaurants censés surmonter les difficultés de ravitaillement et de vie chère ne bénéficient pour autant que d’une fréquentation assez aléatoire.
Nourrir les constructeurs du socialisme. Cantines et question alimentaire dans l'URSS des premiers plans quinquennaux (1928-1935)
Authors: Nérard François-Xavier 
Published: June 2014

Dans l’URSS en train de s’industrialiser et de s’urbaniser, la cantine correspond d’abord à une ambition politique et théorique des bolcheviks. Elle doit favoriser l’efficacité de la production. Il s’agit de fournir une alimentation rationnellement pensée et préparée. Lieu d’une alimentation saine, la cantine doit également être celui d’une éducation politique et de la kulturnost (« civilisation des mœurs »). La crise alimentaire et le rationnement imposent progressivement la cantine comme le seul lieu possible d’une alimentation assurée et régulière des ouvriers soviétiques. Sur le terrain, la plus grande improvisation domine. Tout manque aux cantines : matériaux pour les bâtiments, chambres froides, équipements, personnel et surtout aliments. La saleté, la qualité déplorable de la nourriture, la monotonie ne peuvent que susciter l’insatisfaction et le mécontentement. Les cantines sont le symbole de l’impuissance soviétique à tenir les promesses des lendemains radieux. Elles sont également le creuset de l’expérience soviétique, fondatrice d’un rapport, mécontent mais accepté, au pouvoir et à ce qu’il donne. Dans ces conditions, la fréquentation de la cantine devient, pour le Soviétique, une expérience anthropologique et politique essentielle, une école du socialisme réel, un lieu fondamental de la formation de l’« homme soviétique ».
Cellular Stress Amplifies TLR3/4-Induced CXCL1/2 Gene Transcription in Mononuclear Phagocytes via RIPK1
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Pavicic Paul G. , Datta Shyamasree , Sun Dongxu , Novotny Michael , Hamilton Thomas A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The impact of environmental stressors on the magnitude of specific chemokine gene expression was examined in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages stimulated through various TLRs. Levels of TLR-stimulated CXCL1 and CXCL2 but not CXCL10 or CCL5 mRNAs were selectively enhanced (&gt;10-fold) in stressed macrophages. The amplification was also manifested for other proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6. Responses through TLR3 and TLR4 exhibited the greatest sensitivity, reflecting a requirement for Toll/IL-IR domain–containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF), the adaptor protein selectively associated with these TLRs. IFN regulatory factor 3, a transcription factor that is downstream of TLR4/TRIF signaling, was not required for sensitivity to stress-induced chemokine amplification. c/EBP homologous protein and X box binding protein 1 have been reported to enhance inflammatory cytokine responses but are not required for amplification of TLR3/4-induced CXCL1 expression. Rather, receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, a kinase also linked with TLR3/4/TRIF signaling, is required and involves a stress-dependent increase in its abundance and ubiquitination. Whereas NF-κB activation is necessary for TLR-induced chemokine gene transcription, this factor does not appear to be the primary mechanistic target of environmental stress. The application of stress also enhanced chemokine expression in macrophages infiltrating the peritoneal cavity but was not observed in the resident peritoneal cells or in the liver. These findings identify novel mechanisms for modulating the magnitude and duration of selective TLR-induced chemokine and cytokine gene expression and further establish the importance of cell stress pathways in coordinating the outcomes of cellular and tissue injury.
Data mining in radiology
Authors: Kharat Amit T , Singh Amarjit , Kulkarni Vilas M , Shah Digish 
Published: June 2014

AbstractData mining facilitates the study of radiology data in various dimensions. It converts large patient image and text datasets into useful information that helps in improving patient care and provides informative reports. Data mining technology analyzes data within the Radiology Information System and Hospital Information System using specialized software which assesses relationships and agreement in available information. By using similar data analysis tools, radiologists can make informed decisions and predict the future outcome of a particular imaging finding. Data, information and knowledge are the components of data mining. Classes, Clusters, Associations, Sequential patterns, Classification, Prediction and Decision tree are the various types of data mining. Data mining has the potential to make delivery of health care affordable and ensure that the best imaging practices are followed. It is a tool for academic research. Data mining is considered to be ethically neutral, however concerns regarding privacy and legality exists which need to be addressed to ensure success of data mining.
Sonography of acute appendicitis and its mimics in children
Authors: Sargar Kiran M , Siegel Marilyn J 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe diagnosis of acute right lower quadrant pain in a pediatric population is challenging. Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of an acute surgical abdomen. The common mimics of acute appendicitis are acute gastrointestinal and gynecologic diseases. This article reviews the sonographic findings of the spectrum of common acute abdominal emergencies in children with a focus on imaging clues to a specific diagnosis. This awareness can impact on diagnostic accuracy and impact patient management.
Obstetrical care and women’s health in the aftermath of disasters: The first 14 days after the 2010 Haitian earthquake
Authors: Goodman, MD, FACS, FACOG Annekathryn , Black, MD, MPH Lynn , Briggs, MD, MPH, FACS Susan 
Published: June 2014

Objective: Natural disasters disproportionately injure women and children. Disaster teams need intensive training in the management of obstetrics and women’s healthcare at the disaster site.Design: This article summarizes the obstetrical experience for the International Medical Surgical Response Team (IMSuRT) stationed at Gheskio in Port Au Prince during the first 2 weeks after the 2010 Haitian earthquake. The world’s literature on the impact of disasters on women is reviewed.Setting: Sixty-three members of the IMSuRT and Disaster Medical Assistance Team set up a mobile surgical field hospital after the 2010 Haitian earthquake. One member (AG) managed all the obstetrical care and taught the other team members essentials of labor management and assessment in pregnancy.Patients, participants: Six hundred patients were treated in the first 14 days. Ten percent of these patients were pregnant.There were 12 deliveries.Interventions: All pregnant patients were evaluated by a Sonosite ultrasound device. Pregnant patients with earthquake-related injuries were treated for their injuries.Women in labor were managed by active management in labor. No cesarean sections were needed.Main outcome measure(s): Well-being of mother and babies.Results: Sixty pregnant women presented to the mobile hospital for evaluation from January 17, 2010, through January 28, 2012. Twelve women in labor delivered healthy infants by vaginal delivery. Gestational ages ranges from 34 to 40 weeks. Active management of labor included the use of intravenous Pitocin, which was titrated to contractions. Duration of labor ranged from 2 to 12 hours. Three team members participated in each delivery. Two women were discharged on the same day as their deliveries. Eight women were discharged on the first postpartum day and two on the second postpartum day.Conclusions: Pregnant women suffered severe injuries. Additionally, pregnant women with pre-existing medical conditions were treated after the earthquake. Active management of labor allowed all women to deliver vaginally. The labor management required tremendous team resources to facilitate vaginal deliveries and avoid cesarean sections. Cesarean sections in an austere environment have the potential for devastating consequences such as sepsis, wound dehiscence, and the long-term risks of uterine rupture with subsequent pregnancies. Our experience highlights the need to include trained obstetrical providers on the first response team.Oral presentation: Data from this article were included in the presentation, “An urgent need for women’s health specialists in disaster response,” at the Disaster Response Workshop, Annual Meeting Society Maternal Fetal Medicine, Dallas, 2012.
Simultaneous Determination of Eight Flavonoids in the Flowers of Matricaria chamomilla by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Xie Xiao-Yu , Chen Fang-Fang , Shi Yan-Ping 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
An HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of five flavones (apigenin, three apigenin 7-O-glucoside acylated derivatives, and luteolin) and three methoxylated flavonols in Matricaria chamomilla. Full validation of the assay was carried out including linearity, LODs, LOQs, precision, repeatability, stability, and accuracy. The results demonstrated that the method developed was simple, accurate, and reliable. Five batches of M. chamomilla samples were determined using the developed method, and total contents of the eight flavonoids ranged from 1.843 to 2.134 mg/g. Among them, the content of apigenin was the highest with values of 0.538 to 0.618 mg/g. In addition, the extract solution from M. chamomilla exhibited a significant dose-dependent inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity, with a 50% inhibition (SC50) at a concentration of 3.06 ± 0.09 mg/mL, and the flavonoids apigenin-7-O-(6″-acetyl)-glucoside, luteolin, apigenin, eupatolitin, and chrysosplenol D played an important role in the antioxidant activities of the extract solution from M.chamomilla.
Speciation and Preservation of CrVI and CrIII in Finished Drinking Water Matrixes Using Collision Cell Ion Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wilson Robert A , Creed Patricia A , Pinyayev Tatyana , Wymer Larry , Creed John T 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The polyatomic background at the major isotope of Cr was evaluated as a function of collision cell gas flow rate using three different mobile phases. The stability of CrVI was evaluated as a function of solution pH by fortifying samples with enriched 53CrVI. The 53CrVI recovery was ≥95% at pH 7.8, but by pH 6.2 a significant amount of the enriched spike was recovered as 53CrIII-EDTA. The instability of CrIII at pHs above 7.8 required that CrIII be chelated prior to speciation. The concentration of EDTA was optimized by evaluating CrIII recoveries in six finished drinking waters, a U.S. Geological Survey reference water, and a challenge water fortified with competing matrix cations. If the CrIII was allowed to precipitate (characteristic of shipping a sample without field preservation), acceptable recoveries of CrIII required the sample to be heated to 70°C in 10 mM EDTA to quantitatively produce the CrIII-EDTA complex. The overall preservation/speciation approach was evaluated using an enriched 53CrVI and natural CrIII in seven drinking water matrixes over a 46 day period. A linear least squares analysis was performed on each water, and the corresponding P-values were estimated. The method detection limits for CrIII-EDTA and CrVI were 0.06 and 0.1 μg/L, respectively.