bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Literature Review of Meta-heuristic Algorithms and their Application in Procedural Content Generation (PCG) in the Context of Computer Games
Authors: Alyaseri Sana , Sinha Roopak , Nand Parma 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the use of metaheuristics and algorithms inspired by nat- ural processes to determine optimal solutions for procedural content generation (PCG) for the automatic creation of video game content. A systematic review of studies published between 2007 and 2023 was conducted to analyze the use of metaheuristics in PCG. This study explored various types of metaheuristics and common techniques employed. Genetic algorithms emerged as the dominant metaheuristic in PCG research. However, algorithm performance was influenced by parameters, problem complexity, and content objectives. Metaheuristics demon- strated potential for enhancing game design, player experience, and development efficiency. We discuss the advantages of metaheuristics in PCG, including en- hanced game design, improved player experience, and reduced development time and cost. However, challenges remain, such as developing better metrics for suc- cess and balancing the speed of solution finding with the solution quality. Finally, we propose future research directions, including the development of new algo- rithms, the integration of different approaches, and consideration of the ethical and social implications of PCG.
Revitalizing English Language Teaching: Exploring Advanced Approaches and Innovative Analytical Strategies for Optimal Language Learning Outcomes
Authors: Binu  
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study observes English language teaching (ELT) in depth, examining contemporary methods and their impact on language acquisition. Through an in-depth analysis of teaching strategies, the study identifies effective strategies for improving language skills among student populations. The findings contribute valuable insights for the discourse in adapting ELT practices to enhance language learning outcomes. This study presents an improved analytical approach using a new filtering method in text analysis. Taking advantage of enhanced bidirectional encoder representations from transformer (E-BERT) and assimilated N-gram method (ANA), our study presents deep feature fusion method and optimal feature selection using weighted mean of vector optimization integrating a capsule network suitable for text classification, which performs well in capturing complex hierarchical relationships in textual data. The results show that this improved method works well, and show that using the Sentence Embedding’s dataset in Python tool use, it can achieve an impressive accuracy of 98.9%. Using other techniques, including feature extraction and classification, our approach demonstrates the effectiveness of Python as a powerful tool to achieve high performance in sentence-level tasks.
The oceanic physical injection pump of particulate organic carbon
Authors: Bellacicco Marco , Marullo Salvatore , dall'Olmo Giorgio , Iudicone Daniele , Nardelli Bruno Buongiorno 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The contribution of the ocean biological carbon pump to the export of organic carbon at depth has predominantly been assessed by considering sinking particulate matter and vertically migrating organisms. Despite growing recognition of the importance of dynamical pathways that export carbon through upper ocean mixing and advection, observation-based estimates of their global impact are still lacking. In this study, we leverage a 4D data-driven time series (1997-2018) of particulate organic carbon concentration (POC) and ocean circulation to quantify the physical injection pump. We dissect the roles of entrainment and horizontal/vertical advection across mesoscale to large scales. Our findings indicate that, on average, the physical injection pump exports 0.086±0.030 Pg POC yr⁻¹. This value diminishes to less than one-third when using climatological POC values instead of weekly estimates, highlighting the critical coupling between the POC annual cycle and upper layer dynamics in determining net export. Observed interannual variations are linked to a linear combination of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode, suggesting a dynamic connection to intermediate/mode water-mass formation in the Southern Ocean.
Experimental study of the effect of the input and output key angles on the discharge coefficient and efficiency of the PKWs
Authors: Ashja Arvan Seyyed Erfan , Sadeghian Jalal , Norouzi Hadi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The results showed that the discharge coefficient (Cd), efficiency (Ra) and, consequently, the increase in the passing flow discharge have a direct relationship with the inclination angle of the input and output keys, and for this reason, the weir of the piano key weir (PKW) with an angle of 90 degrees has the highest Cd and Ra. An increase in the HT/P ration in all angles leads to a decrease in Cd and Ra. However, the decrease rate of these parameters is less for 15-degree angle compared to other threshold angles of the input and output keys. In the PKWs with different input and output key angles and at low HT/P ratios (total head to weir height), the dropping flow nappe needs aeration due to its bonding. However, by increasing this ratio to the submergence condition and transforming into a linear weir, the dropping flow nappe is aerated. At low ratios of HT/P, the dropping flow nappes do not interfere and the highest discharge coefficient and the highest weir efficiency are obtained. While by increasing the HT/P ratio, the dropping flow nappes start to collide and interfere with each other in the output keys, causing the flow rise and the weir submergence, and consequently, the discharge coefficient and the weir efficiency is decreased.
Increased Serum Levels of Inflammatory Markers and Promoter Hypermethylation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Oral Contraceptive Users
Authors: Sarabi Mostafa Moradi , Zal Fatemeh , Vahidfard Hooriya , Amin Zahra , Jamali Navid , Samare-Najaf Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used to prevent pregnancy, particularly
among reproductive-age women. Although undesired physiological consequences, such as increased
susceptibility to cancer, have been suggested, the exact molecular mechanism is not well
elucidated. Thereby, the current study aimed to assess the effects of OCs on the inflammatory
markers and BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene-specific DNA methylation in the serum of OCs-exposed
women.

Methods:
The current cross-sectional study involved 70 adult women, 35 of whom had used oral
contraceptive pills (OCP, 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol, and 0.15 mg levonorgestrel) to prevent pregnancy,
and 35 of whom had used condoms. The promoter methylation status of the two mentioned
tumor suppressor genes was assessed by methylation-specific PCR. Moreover, serum levels of
IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α were evaluated using the ELISA method.

Results:
The findings revealed a significant difference in cytokines between groups (p <0.001).
However, no significant differences were revealed regarding TNF-α between the two groups. Additionally,
the frequency of promoter hypermethylation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in OCP users was
significantly higher (p <0.05).

Conclusion:
The current findings suggested that OCP usage could increase serum levels of inflammatory
markers and promote the hypermethylation of two suppressor genes. Hence, further
studies are encouraged to reveal the association between OCP usage and cancer through hypermethylation
of BRCA1 and BRCA2 and induction of inflammation.
Clinical Picture, Diagnosis, Management of NEC, and Effects of Probiotics on its Prevention: A Narrative Review
Authors: De Bernardo Giuseppe , Ziello Carla , Parisi Grazia , Vecchione Carolina , Fattorusso Valentina , Spadarella Simona , Giordano Maurizio , Buonocore Giuseppe , Perrone Serafina 
Published: August 2024

:
Preterm newborns represent a population at risk of developing intestinal dysbiosis as
well as being predisposed to sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Necrotizing Enterocolitis is a
condition burdened by many complications and mortality due to an alteration of the intestinal barrier,
an immaturity of the immune system, and intestinal dysbiosis. Low gestational age at birth,
low birth weight, and early use of antibiotics are other predisposing factors. Instead, breast milk
and probiotics are protective factors in providing intestinal homeostasis and microbiome regulation.
In this mini-review, we analysed the protective role of probiotics in the onset of Necrotizing
Enterocolitis in preterm populations.
3D-QSAR, Pharmacophore Modeling, ADMET and DFT Studies of Halogenated Conjugated Dienones as Potent MAO-B Inhibitors
Authors: Mathew Githa Elizabeth , Herrera-Acevedo Chonny , Scotti Marcus Tullius , Kumar Sunil , Berisha Avni , Kaya Savaş , Alfarraj Saleh , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Dhyani Archana , Sudevan Sachithra Thazhathuveedu , Kumar Mohan , Mathew Bijo 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
It has been reported that the extension of conjugation in chalcone
scaffolds considerably enhanced the potency, selectivity, reversibility, and competitive mode
of MAO-B inhibition. In this study, using the experimental results of IC50 values of fifteen halogenated
conjugated dienone derivatives (MK1-MK15) against MAO-B, we developed a 3DQSAR
model.

Methods:
Further, we created a 3D pharmacophore model in active compounds in the series.
The built model selected three variables (G2U, RDF115m, RDF155m) among the 653 AlvaDesc
molecular descriptors, with a r2 value of 0.87 and a Q2
cv for cross-validation equal to
0.82. The three variables were mostly associated with the direction of symmetry and the likelihood
of discovering massive atoms at great distances. The evaluated molecules exhibited a
good correlation between experimental and predicted data, indicating that the IC50 value of the
structure MK2 was related to the interatomic distances of 15.5 Å between bromine and chloro
substituents. Furthermore, the molecules in the series with the highest activity were those with
enhanced second component symmetry directional index from the 3D representation, which included
the structures MK5 and MK6.

Results:
Additionally, a pharmacophore hypothesis was developed and validated using the decoy
Schrodinger dataset, with an ROC score of 0.87 and an HHRR 1 fitness score that ranged
from 2.783 to 3.00. The MK series exhibited a significant blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability,
according to exploratory analyses and in silico projections, and almost all analogues
were expected to have strong BBB permeability.

Conclusion:
Further DFT research revealed that electrostatics were important in the interactions
with MAO-B.
Molecular Imaging of Melanoma VEGF-expressing Tumors through [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-Fab(Bevacizumab)
Authors: Camacho Ximena , Perroni Carolina , Alfaya Lucía , Cabrera Mirel , Tassano Marcos , García María Fernanda , Fernández Marcelo , Reyes Ana Laura , Paolino Andrea , Savio Eduardo , Cerecetto Hugo , Cabral Pablo , Gambini Juan Pablo 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Angiogenesis is a process that many tumors depend on for growth, development, and
metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the major players in tumor angiogenesis in several
tumor types, including melanoma. VEGF inhibition is achieved by bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal
antibody that binds with high affinity to VEGF and prevents its function. In order to successfully enable in vivo
VEGF expression imaging in a murine melanoma model, we previously labeled bevacizumab with [99mTc]Tc. We
observed that this was feasible, but it had prolonged blood circulation and delayed tumor uptake.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to develop a radiolabeled Fab bevacizumab fragment, [99mTc]Tc-HYNICFab(
bevacizumab), for non-invasive in vivo VEGF expression molecular imaging.

Methods:
Flow cytometry was used to examine VEGF presence in the murine melanoma cell line (B16-F10).
Bevacizumab was digested with papain for six hours at 37°C to produce Fab(bevacizumab), which was then
conjugated to NHS-HYNIC-Tfa for radiolabeling with [99mTc]Tc. Stability and binding affinity assays were also
evaluated. Biodistribution and single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT)
were performed at 1, 3, and 6 h (n = 4) after injection of [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-Fab(Bevacizumab) in normal and
B16-F10 tumor-bearing C57Bl/6J mice.

Results:
Using flow cytometry, it was shown that the B16-F10 murine melanoma cell line has intracellular VEGF
expression. Papain incubation resulted in the complete digestion of bevacizumab with good purity and homogeneity.
The radiolabeling yield of [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-Fab(bevacizumab) was 85.00 ± 6.06%, with a specific activity
of 291.87 ± 18.84 MBq/mg (n=3), showing in vitro stability. Binding assays demonstrated significant intracellular
in vitro VEGF expression. Fast blood clearance and high kidney and tumor uptake were observed in biodistribution
and SPECT/CT studies.

Conclusions:
We present the development and evaluation of [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-Fab(bevacizumab), a novel molecular
VEGF expression imaging agent that may be used for precision medicine in melanoma and potentially in
other VEGF-expressing tumors.
Lupiwighteone as an Antitumor Agent Reverses Multidrug Resistance in K562/ADR Cells by Regulating Cellular Prion Protein-Oct4 Axis
Authors: Hu Kun , Zhang Jinling , Zhang Yanan , Wu Xinyuan , Jin Xueyi , Mao Shuxia , Ding Pengcheng , Wu Shaojun , Ren Jie 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
One of the many reasons for cancer treatment failure and recurrence is acquired Multidrug
Resistance (MDR). Overcoming cancer drug resistance has been the focus of researchers' studies. Cellular
prion protein (PrPC) is a glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored cell-surface glycoprotein that has been implicated in
tumor behavior, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance.

Methods:
Lupiwighteone (Lup), a natural isoflavone found in the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, has anticancer activity
against prostate cancer cells, neuroblastoma cells, and human breast cancer cells. However, its pharmacological
effects and mechanisms in drug-resistant cancer cells have not been reported. In this study, we used an adriamycin-
resistant leukemia K562 cell model, and for the first time, we investigated the reversal effect of Lup on
its MDR and the potential mechanism.

Results:
The results indicated that Lup could induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway while upregulating
the expression of related apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Cyto C, Caspase-3, and PARP1. Autophagy is
commonly recognized as a protective mechanism that mediates MDR during treatment. We found that Lup induced
cellular autophagy while upregulating the expression of related autophagy proteins such as Beclin 1 and
LC3 II.

Conclusion:
In addition, when Lup was combined with adriamycin, Lup decreased the IC50 of K562/ADR cells;
moreover, Lup can downregulate the expression of drug-resistant proteins, suggesting that Lup can reverse drug
resistance. Further studies have shown that Lup can downregulate the expression of PrPC-PI3K-Akt axis proteins
and PrPC-Oct4 axis proteins. This study demonstrated that Lup has the potential to inhibit the proliferation of
K562/ADR cells by targeting PrPC, and further study of the signaling pathway associated with PrPC may provide
the experimental basis for the treatment of drug-resistant leukemia.
Assembling, Computational and Experimental Insight of Self-assembled Carbo Benzyl oxy-L-Alanyl-L-Valine Benzyl Ester: A Novel Free Radical Scavenger and Photo Therapeutic Nano Molecular System
Authors: Sivanathan M. , Naveenkumar R. , Karthikeyan B. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
This work investigates the synthesis of self-assembled novel carbo benzyl oxy - L - alanyl - L - valine benzyl ester (CBAVBE).

Methods:
Thorough studies of the morphology, optical, and structural investigations by UV-Visible, UV-DRS, FT-IR, FT-Raman, HR-TEM, and FE-SEM
are used to characterize the self-assembled CBAVBE and computational studies also investigated. The anti-oxidant capability of carbo benzyl oxy
- L - alanyl - L - valine benzyl ester is evaluated after self-assembly.

Results:
FT-IR and Raman analysis have proven that specific chemical bonds exist in the self-assembled CBAVBE. FE-SEM analysis clearly confirms that
the CBAVBE is fibrous in nature, and the collected images clearly show the CBA assembly VBE to be well aggregated. The docking analysis
suggests that the CBAVBE molecule has inhibitory action against brain and lung cancer protein but biological study is needed to validate the
results. An antioxidant study reveals the potential of the selected CBAVE as a notable biomarker.

Conclusion:
A new class of self-assembled peptide nano self-assemblies have been marked as a discovery that could be used to treat a variety of diseases.
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Treatment Revolution: Exploring the Latest Nano Lipid Drug Delivery Innovations
Authors: Badarinadh Kallepalli Surya , Chauhan Shikha Baghel , Singh Indu 
Published: August 2024

:
This review article aims to explore recent advancements in the treatment of Cutaneous
Lupus Erythematosus (CLE) by focusing on the innovative use of Nano Lipid Carrier formulations.
It assesses the efficacy, safety, and potential therapeutic benefits of these novel formulations in managing
CLE symptoms. A comprehensive search was conducted across various scientific databases,
including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, to identify relevant studies, clinical trials, and
reviews pertaining to CLE treatment, particularly those involving various NLC formulations. Studies
were selected based on their relevance to CLE treatment, with a specific emphasis on recent innovations.
Data extraction involved gathering information on study design, intervention methods, outcomes,
and conclusions related to the efficacy and safety of novel formulations in managing CLE
symptoms. The synthesized data reveal promising outcomes associated with the use of NLC in treating
CLE. These formulations offer enhanced drug delivery, improved skin penetration, and targeted
therapy, resulting in better symptom management and reduced adverse effects compared to conventional
treatments. Various studies demonstrate the efficacy of NLC embedded in reducing inflammation,
controlling disease activity, and improving the quality of life for CLE patients. The latest advancements
in CLE treatment, using novel methods, present a significant revolution in managing this
chronic autoimmune skin condition. The reviewed literature highlights the potential of Nano lipid
carrier embedded hydrogel as a promising therapeutic approach for CLE, offering improved efficacy,
safety, and patient compliance. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to validate these
findings and establish NLC as a standard treatment modality for CLE.
Advances in Monazite Decomposition Technologies: Proposed Potential Direction for the Sodium Hydroxide Leaching Context
Authors: Thi Hoang Xuan , Nhuan Hoang , Tuyen Ngo Van , Anh Vuong Huu , Huu duc Nguyen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
The current understanding and development of monazite decomposition
technology using sodium hydroxide are examined. Most previous assessments have
primarily focused on the post-leaching processing of monazite using sodium hydroxide,
including processing steps to produce the total rare earth oxide product. However,
the initial leaching process of monazite with alkali solution proves to be highly significant
in practice. It presents numerous problems, such as the requirement for fine
grinding of the ore down to below 45 microns, substantial alkali excess, and extended
reaction times to achieve the desired efficiency. These requirements result in increased
energy, chemical, and equipment costs. This article is focused on discussing the leaching
conditions of monazite with alkali solution based on published literature, the problems
associated with this process, the underlying reasons, newly proposed variations
such as sodium hydroxide leaching under pressure and sodium hydroxide leaching in a
heated ball mill, limitations of these variations, and unresolved issues. Furthermore,
the manuscript introduces a novel technique, high-intensity ultrasound, to support the
leaching process, which has been applied in technological cases. The discussion
delves into the mechanisms of high-intensity ultrasound and its applicability in the
monazite leaching process using sodium hydroxide.
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN LAHAN PERMUKIMAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS DI KELURAHAN KADEMANGAN KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Wulansari  , Akbar Rendy , Rachmat Hardi Taufick 
Published: August 2024

Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang meningkat pada suatu wilayah menjadikan wilayah tersebut menjadi berkembang, baik dari segi kehidupan ekonominya maupun sosialnya. Kelurahan Kademangan merupakan salah satu kelurahan yang menjadi bagian penting bagi pertumbuhan perekonomian di kota Tangerang Selatan menjadikan wilayah tersebut semakin berkembang. Jumlah penduduk pada kelurahan Kademangan semakin bertambah yang membuat kebutuhan akan lahan semakin meningkat. Kebutuhan lahan yang meningkat menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan fungsi lahan menjadi lahan untuk permukiman mengakibatkan masih kerap di landa banjir dan longsor. Salah satu alasan penelitian ini dilakukan adalah terdapat beberapa titik dari kawasan permukiman yang sudah sesuai dengan Rencana Tata Ruang namun masih mengalami banjir dan longsor. Penelitian ini di lakukan bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian lahan permukiman di kelurahan Kademangan menggunakan metode Analytic Hierarchy Proces dan Overlay dengan menggunakan 3 Variabel yaitu karakteristik lahan, sarana prasarana, dan tata ruang.