bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diminished vagal tone is a predictive biomarker of necrotizing enterocolitis‐risk in preterm infants
Authors: Doheny K. K. , Palmer C. , Browning K. N. , Jairath P. , Liao D. , He F. , Travagli R. A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an acute neonatal inflammatory disease which may lead to intestinal necrosis, multisystem failure, and death. Currently, NEC is diagnosed by a combination of laboratory and radiographic tests conducted a posteriori i.e., when NEC is already clinically significant. Given the acute onset and rapid progression of NEC, a non‐invasive biomarker that allows early detection of patients at risk is required as a matter of urgency. We evaluated whether the high frequency (HF) component of heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of vagal efferent tonic cholinergic activity may be used as a predictive biomarker for NEC‐risk before the onset of clinical disease.MethodsIn this prospective study, stable preterm (gestational age 28–35 weeks) infants had HRV power spectra analyzed from surface electrocardiogram waveforms taken at rest on day 5–8 of life. We used regression modeling to determine the utility of HF‐HRV in predicting NEC.Key ResultsHF‐HRV power was 21.5 ± 2.7 and 3.9 ± 0.81 ms2 in infants that remained healthy and those that later developed stage 2+ NEC, respectively (p < 0.001). Nine of 70 enrolled infants developed NEC. The ROC discriminated a HF‐HRV value of 4.68 ms2 predictive for developing NEC with a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 87%, and positive and negative predictive value of 50% and 98%, respectively. With predictive regression modeling, the risk (odds ratio) of developing NEC was 10 per every one SD decrease in HF‐HRV.Conclusions & InferencesOur preliminary data indicate that HF‐HRV may serve as a potential, non‐invasive predictive biomarker of NEC‐risk in NICU infants.
Revolution in Anglo‐Yiddish Poetry: Morris Winchevsky's Strategies to Revolutionise the Jewish Immigrants to Britain, 1884–1894
Authors: Lachs Vivi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractYiddish‐speaking Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe from the mid‐1880s entered a crowded East End of London. Their main source of work was the sweated industries, where seasonal work led many to be living on the edge of subsistence. Attempts to organise and trade unionise Jewish workers was led largely by socialists whose main aim was overturning capitalism and revolution across the Yiddish‐speaking world. Supporting local campaigns to improve conditions and pay was a strategy towards that end. This article will explore how Morris Winchevsky's socialist poetry imparts ideas of revolution to poverty‐stricken and resistant immigrants. Some poems describe poverty and question its causes, others demand the workers rise up and overthrow the current order. Yet the poems have a cultural capital that goes beyond socialist polemics. Almost entirely unknown, with only a handful translated, the poems throw light on socialists' strategies for generating activism.
Constructing Chinese Identity in Post‐colonial Hong Kong: A Discursive Analysis of the Official Nation‐Building Project
Authors: Tse Thomas Kwan‐choi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAfter the handover of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China in 1997, the post‐colonial government in Hong Kong initiated a nation‐building project aimed at boosting nationalism and patriotism. Drawing on documentary analysis, this article analyses how the dominant bloc subtly manipulates a Chinese identity rooted in local traditions through its national education policy, and how it seeks to foster hegemony via several discursive strategies including normalization, naturalization, homogenization, utilitarianization, glorification, moralization, and eclecticism. This article also draws attention to the alternative discourses by the civil society in opposition to the hegemony project.
A Sacred Bastion? A Nation in Itself? An Economic Partner of Rising China? Three Waves of Nation‐Building in Taiwan after 1949
Authors: Yeh Hsin‐Yi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAgreeing with the constructivist approach to nationalism, this article argues that the prevailing ambiguous attitude towards nationality among people in Taiwan is a reflection of different waves of nation‐building − each led people to imagine a distinct nation − and the mixture of these waves during past decades. Whereas all nations are artificially imagined, ‘the style in which they are imagined’ should be examined. This article aims to distinguish three waves of nation‐building in Taiwan after 1949 and address the issue of superimposition of contradictory elements in producing nation‐ness to highlight that nation‐building is a path‐dependent process. Three suppositions can be derived from the investigation of Taiwan's case. First, people are not empty vessels and the new national imagination has to compete and coexist with vestiges and crystallizations of former imaginations. Second, the content of a single nation‐building programme may be reinvented according to the external and/or internal environment. Third, depending on the social atmosphere, official nationalism may adopt a different method to instil the national imagination.
Guidelines for the diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of canine superficial bacterial folliculitis (AntimicrobialGuidelinesWorkingGroup of theInternationalSociety forCompanionAnimalInfectiousDiseases)
Authors: Hillier Andrew , Lloyd David H. , Weese J. Scott , Blondeau Joseph M. , Boothe Dawn , Breitschwerdt Edward , Guardabassi Luca , Papich Mark G. , Rankin Shelley , Turnidge John D. , Sykes Jane E. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundSuperficial bacterial folliculitis (SBF) is usually caused byStaphylococcus pseudintermediusand routinely treated with systemic antimicrobial agents. Infection is a consequence of reduced immunity associated with alterations of the skin barrier and underlying diseases that may be difficult to diagnose and resolve; thus,SBFis frequently recurrent and repeated treatment is necessary. The emergence of multiresistant bacteria, particularly meticillin‐resistantS. pseudintermedius(MRSP), has focused attention on the need for optimal management ofSBF.ObjectivesProvision of an internationally available resource guiding practitioners in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention ofSBF.Development of the guidelinesThe guidelines were developed by theAntimicrobialGuidelinesWorkingGroup of theInternationalSociety forCompanionAnimalInfectiousDiseases, with consultation and advice from diplomates of theAmerican andEuropeanColleges ofVeterinaryDermatology. They describe optimal methods for the diagnosis and management ofSBF, including isolation of the causative organism, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, selection of antimicrobial drugs, therapeutic protocols and advice on infection control. Guidance is given for topical and systemic modalities, including approaches suitable forMRSP. Systemic drugs are classified in three tiers. Tier one drugs are used when diagnosis is clear cut and risk factors for antimicrobial drug resistance are not present. Otherwise, tier two drugs are used and antimicrobial susceptibility tests are mandatory. Tier three includes drugs reserved for highly resistant infections; their use is strongly discouraged and, when necessary, they should be used in consultation with specialists.Conclusions and clinical importanceOptimal management ofSBFwill improve antimicrobial use and reduce selection ofMRSPand other multidrug‐resistant bacteria affecting animal and human health.
Lack of Genetic Diversity in Newly Sequenced Porcine Circovirus Type 1 Strains Isolated 20 Years Apart
Authors: Tombácz Kata , Patterson Robert , Grierson Sylvia S. , Werling Dirk 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
The complete genome sequences of a porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) strain isolated in 1990 and one isolated in 2011 were obtained and compared to the sequences of other available PCV1 isolates. Phylogenetic analyses revealed very low genetic diversity among these viruses, indicating an advanced state in the evolution of PCV1.
Complete Genome Sequence of Strain SDCV/USA/Illinois121/2014, a Porcine Deltacoronavirus from the United States
Authors: Marthaler Douglas , Jiang Yin , Collins Jim , Rossow Kurt 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

To investigate the causative agent of swine diarrhea, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on a porcine fecal sample. The NGS reads were assembled, which generated a complete swine
Deltacoronavirus
genome sequence, that of strain SDCV/USA/Illinois121/2014.
Genome Sequences of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 Lineage from Outbreaks in Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Bhutan during 2013
Authors: Valdazo-González Begoña , Knowles Nick J. , King Donald P. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
The complete genomes of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viruses recovered in Libya and Saudi Arabia in 2013 are described here. These viruses belong to an FMD virus lineage (Ind-2001, topotype Middle East-South Asia, serotype O) which is normally endemic in the Indian subcontinent. A contemporary virus sequence from Bhutan is also reported here.
Draft Genome Sequence of Campylobacter ureolyticus Strain CIT007, the First Whole-Genome Sequence of a Clinical Isolate
Authors: Lucid Alan , Bullman Susan , Koziel Monika , Corcoran Gerard D. , Cotter Paul D. , Sleator Roy D. , Lucey Brigid 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Herein, we present the draft genome sequence of
Campylobacter ureolyticus
. Strain CIT007 was isolated from a stool sample from an elderly female presenting with diarrheal illness and end-stage chronic renal disease.
Genome Sequence of Bacterial Interference Strain Staphylococcus aureus 502A
Authors: Parker Dane , Narechania Apurva , Sebra Robert , Deikus Gintaras , LaRussa Samuel , Ryan Chanelle , Smith Hannah , Prince Alice , Mathema Barun , Ratner Adam J. , Kreiswirth Barry , Planet Paul J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
502A was a strain used in bacterial interference programs during the 1960s and early 1970s. Infants were deliberately colonized with 502A with the goal of preventing colonization with more invasive strains. We present the completed genome sequence of this organism.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Phodopus sungorus
Papillomavirus Type 1 (PsPV1), a Novel Member of the
Pipapillomavirus
Genus, Isolated from a Siberian Hamster
Authors: Kocjan Boštjan J. , Hošnjak Lea , Račnik Joško , Zadravec Marko , Poljak Mario 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genomic sequence of
Phodopus sungorus
papillomavirus type 1 (PsPV1), isolated from an anogenital lesion of a Siberian hamster. PsPV1 is taxonomically classified in the genus
Pipapillomavirus
and is most closely related to
Mesocricetus auratus
papillomavirus 1 (MaPV1).
A systematic review of concussion in rugby league
Authors: Gardner Andrew , Iverson Grant L , Levi Christopher R , Schofield Peter W , Kay-Lambkin Frances , Kohler Ryan M N , Stanwell Peter 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesConcussion remains one of the inherent risks of participation in rugby league. While other injuries incurred by rugby league players have been well studied, less focus and attention has been directed towards concussion.Review methodThe current review examined all articles published in English from 1900 up to June 2013 pertaining to concussion in rugby league players.Data sourcesPublications were retrieved via six databases using the key search terms: rugby league, league, football; in combination with injury terms: athletic injuries, concussion, sports concussion, sports-related concussion, brain concussion, brain injury, brain injuries, mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, traumatic brain injury, TBI, craniocerebral trauma, head injury and brain damage. Observational, cohort, correlational, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were all included.Results199 rugby league injury publications were identified. 39 (20%) were related in some way to concussion. Of the 39 identified articles, 6 (15%) had the main aim of evaluating concussion, while the other 33 reported on concussion incidence as part of overall injury data analyses. Rugby league concussion incidence rates vary widely from 0.0 to 40.0/1000 playing hours, depending on the definition of injury (time loss vs no time loss). The incidence rates vary across match play versus training session, seasons (winter vs summer) and playing position (forwards vs backs). The ball carrier has been found to be at greater risk for injury than tacklers. Concussion accounts for 29% of all injuries associated with illegal play, but only 9% of injuries sustained in legal play.ConclusionsIn comparison with other collision sports, research evaluating concussion in rugby league is limited. With such limited published rugby league data, there are many aspects of concussion that require attention, and future research may be directed towards these unanswered questions.
Reference intervals for coagulation times using two point‐of‐care analysers in healthy pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Mentré V. , Bulliot C. , Linsart A. , Ronot P. 
Published: April 2014

The purpose of this study was to establish reference intervals for prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial prothrombin time (aPTT) in healthy rabbits using two different point‐of‐care analysers (Idexx Coag DX and MS Quick Vet Coag Combo). These intervals would be useful in the diagnosis of coagulopathies and in the determination of coagulation status in critical patients. We are unaware of reports of coagulation values in pet rabbits. Blood samples were analysed from 81 clinically healthy pet rabbits under three years of age (49 females and 32 males). The reference intervals were as follows (non‐parametric method for the MS Quick Vet Coag Combo and Box‐Cox Robust method for the Idexx Coag DX, p<0.05 limit for statistical significance): PT (MS Quick Vet Coag Combo)=N=33, 17.2–28.5; PT (Idexx Coag DX)=N=48, 10.0–14.8, aPTT (MS Quick Vet Coag Combo)=N=33, 103.2–159.2 and aPTT (Idexx Coag DX)=N=48, 104.2–159.1. PT was significantly longer using the MS Quick Vet Coag Combo. aPTT was significantly shorter with the MS Quick Vet Coag Combo. On each type of analyser, there was no significant difference between sexes and blood sampling sites. A significant difference was present for the use or not of anaesthesia with the MS Quick Vet Coag Combo analyser. This study on healthy pet rabbits will be useful in point‐of‐care diagnosis of coagulopathies.
An Exploratory Study on the Development and Application of Integrated Information Technology Management Model
Authors: Beşli Emre , Öner M. Atilla 
Published: April 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore how Turkish companies are implementing information technology (IT) governance to achieve desirable behavior in the use of IT. A literature-based integrated IT management model (IITMM) is developed. Research objectives further include a high-level assessment of organizations' perceived level of IT governance capabilities by applying the proposed IITMM. The IITMM discusses the IT governance literature in three management levels (i.e. normative, strategic and operational) and in three management dimensions (i.e. goals, structures and behaviors). The model was applied to five companies from Turkish automotive supply industry. Based on the IITMM, a questionnaire was developed to provide a structured interview pattern for face-to-face interviews. An interview with a business or IT executive was conducted in each company. Results of the study revealed that except strategic goals and operational goals, different IT governance capability patterns exist for each company. Although the strategic goals and operational goals of IT governance are well understood by all participating companies, there is a room for improvement in structures and behaviors dimensions, especially in normative behaviors and strategic behaviors, as well as in strategic structures and operational structures. In addition, specific IT governance constructs are identified as drivers or inhibitors of effective IT governance implementation. Finally, some IT governance mechanisms, such as IT control framework, independent assurance, IT project management, committees and councils, IT principles and end-user involvement in determining IT strategies, were perceived as not effectively implemented. In summary, the results indicate that the IITMM provides a useful framework for determining the current IT governance capabilities of companies considering model's ability to recognize different levels of capabilities and to identify general and specific improvement opportunities.
Enhancement of Mammographic Density Measures in Breast Cancer Risk Prediction
Authors: Cheddad Abbas , Czene Kamila , Shepherd John A. , Li Jingmei , Hall Per , Humphreys Keith 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background: Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer.
Methods: We present a novel approach to enhance area density measures that takes advantage of the relative density of the pectoral muscle that appears in lateral mammographic views. We hypothesized that the grey scale of film mammograms is normalized to volume breast density but not pectoral density and thus pectoral density becomes an independent marker of volumetric density.
Results: From analysis of data from a Swedish case–control study (1,286 breast cancer cases and 1,391 control subjects, ages 50–75 years), we found that the mean intensity of the pectoral muscle (MIP) was highly associated with breast cancer risk [per SD: OR = 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75–0.88; P = 6 × 10−7] after adjusting for a validated computer-assisted measure of percent density (PD), Cumulus. The area under curve (AUC) changed from 0.600 to 0.618 due to using PD with the pectoral muscle as reference instead of a standard area-based PD measure. We showed that MIP is associated with a genetic variant known to be associated with mammographic density and breast cancer risk, rs10995190, in a subset of women with genetic data. We further replicated the association between MIP and rs10995190 in an additional cohort of 2,655 breast cancer cases (combined P = 0.0002).
Conclusions: MIP is a marker of volumetric density that can be used to complement area PD in mammographic density studies and breast cancer risk assessment.
Impact: Inclusion of MIP in risk models should be considered for studies using area PD from analog films. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1314–23. ©2014 AACR.
Culture Dimensionality Influences the Resistance of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells to Multikinase Inhibitors
Authors: Fernandez-Fuente Gonzalo , Mollinedo Pilar , Grande Lara , Vazquez-Barquero Alfonso , Fernandez-Luna Jose L. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Sunitinib, an inhibitor of kinases, including VEGFR and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), efficiently induces apoptosis in vitro in glioblastoma (GBM) cells, but does not show any survival benefit in vivo. One detrimental aspect of current in vitro models is that they do not take into account the contribution of extrinsic factors to the cellular response to drug treatment. Here, we studied the effects of substrate properties including elasticity, dimensionality, and matrix composition on the response of GBM stem-like cells (GSC) to chemotherapeutic agents. Thirty-seven cell cultures, including GSCs, parenchymal GBM cells, and GBM cell lines, were treated with nine antitumor compounds. Contrary to the expected chemoresistance of GSCs, these cells were more sensitive to most agents than GBM parenchymal cells or GBM cell lines cultured on flat (two-dimensional; 2D) plastic or collagen-coated surfaces. However, GSCs cultured in collagen-based three-dimensional (3D) environments increased their resistance, particularly to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as sunitinib, BIBF1120, and imatinib. Differences in substrate rigidity or matrix components did not modify the response of GSCs to the inhibitors. Moreover, the MEK–ERK and PI3K–Akt pathways, but not PDGFR, mediate at least in part, this dimensionality-dependent chemoresistance. These findings suggest that survival of GSCs on 2D substrates, but not in a 3D environment, relies on kinases that can be efficiently targeted by sunitinib-like inhibitors. Overall, our data may help explain the lack of correlation between in vitro and in vivo models used to study the therapeutic potential of kinase inhibitors, and provide a rationale for developing more robust drug screening models. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(6); 1664–72. ©2014 AACR.
Coleusin Factor, a Novel Anticancer Diterpenoid, Inhibits Osteosarcoma Growth by Inducing Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2–Dependent Differentiation
Authors: Geng Shuo , Sun Bo , Lu Ran , Wang Jingze 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Coleusin factor is a diterpenoid compound isolated from the root of a tropical plant, Coleus forskohlii. Although Coleusin factor has been reported to suppress proliferation of and induce apoptosis in several types of cancer cells, the effects of Coleusin factor on osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanism are still not fully understood. In this study, we show that Coleusin factor treatment potently inhibits the growth of osteosarcoma cells associated with G1 cell-cycle arrest. Interestingly, apoptosis and cell death are not induced. Instead, Coleusin factor causes osteosarcoma cells to exhibit typical properties of differentiated osteoblasts, including a morphologic alteration resembling osteoblasts, the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers, elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased cellular mineralization. Coleusin factor treatment significantly increases the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), a crucial osteogenic regulator, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), one of the key transcription factors of the BMP pathway. When BMP-2 signaling is blocked, Coleusin factor fails to inhibit cell proliferation and to induce osteoblast differentiation. Thus, upregulation of BMP-2 autocrine is critical for Coleusin factor to induce osteoblast differentiation and exert its anticancer effects on osteosarcoma. Importantly, administration of Coleusin factor inhibits the growth of osteosarcoma xenografted in nude mice without systemic or immunologic toxicity. Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer marked by the loss of normal differentiation. Coleusin factor represents a new type of BMP-2 inducer that restores differentiation in osteosarcoma cells. It may provide a promising therapeutic strategy against osteosarcoma with minimal side effects. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(6); 1431–41. ©2014 AACR.