bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing clinical correlates of self-rated disability in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Magistrale Giuseppe , Medori Rossella , Cadavid Diego , Argento Ornella , Incerti Chiara , Pisani Valerio , Caltagirone Carlo , Bozzali Marco , DeLuca John , Nocentini Ugo 
Published: July 2015

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with significant impairment. Objective The objective of this article is to identify and compare clinical measures that can predict self-rated disability in patients with MS using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS-II). Methods Patients with MS and healthy controls were consecutively recruited at one center. Patients were evaluated for cognitive function assessment, neurological status, perceived disability, mood, fatigue and disease duration. Controls underwent neuropsychological evaluation only. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression. Results WHODAS-II total score was predicted by fatigue ( p < 0.001) and neurological status ( p < 0.05). Student’s t test comparisons between published WHODAS-II normative data and the enrolled cohort of patients with MS showed significantly worse ( p < 0.05) scores for patients on mobility, self-care, life activities, participation and total score domains, but not in cognition. Group differences between patients with MS ( n = 61) and controls ( n = 61) were significant in all cognitive measures except one verbal memory test subscale. Memory function correlated best with the social participation domain of the WHODAS-II. Conclusions Self-reported disability in patients with MS was most strongly influenced by fatigue and to a lesser extent by physical disability. Although cognitive function does affect self-assessment of disability, this is not captured by patients on the WHODAS-II cognitive domain.
Katophorite from the Jade Mine Tract, Myanmar: mineral
description of a rare (grandfathered) endmember of the amphibole
supergroup
Authors: Oberti Roberta , Boiocchi Massimo , Hawthorne Frank C. , Ball Neil A. , Harlow George E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractKatophorite has the ideal formula
ANaB(NaCa)C(Mg4Al)T(Si7Al)O22W(OH)2 (Hawthorne et al., 2012). No published analyses
of amphiboles fall in the katophorite compositional field, except that of
Harlow and Olds (1987) for an amphibole from near Hpakan in the Jade Mine
Tract, Myanmar. This amphibole was approved by the International
Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and
Classification (vote 2013-140) as katophorite, and is reported here.
Holotype katophorite is monoclinic, space group
C2/m, a = 9.8573(8),
b = 17.9617(15), c = 5.2833(4) Å, β =
104.707(2)°, V = 904.78(13) Å3,
Z = 2. The calculated density is 3.091 g
cm–3. In plane-polarized light, katophorite is pleochroic,
X = pale blue (medium), Y = light
blue-green (strongest), Z = colourless; X
∧ a = 30.6° (β obtuse), Y ||
b, Z ∧ c = 15.8 (β
acute). It is biaxial negative, α = 1.638, β = 1.642, γ = 1.644, all ±
0.002; 2Vobs = 73(1)°, 2Vcalc = 70°. The eight
strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are
[d in Å (I)(hkl)]:
2.700 (100)(151), 3.129 (69)(310), 2.536 (65)(202), 3.378 (61)(131), 8.421
(55)(110), 2.583 (46)(061), 2.942 (43)(221) and 2.334 (41)(351).
Electron-microprobe analysis of the refined crystal gave
SiO251.74, Al2O37.38, TiO2 0.14,
FeO 1.55, Fe2O3 2.82, MgO 18.09, CaO 8.17,
Na2O 6.02, K2O 0.24, F 0.06,
H2Ocalc. 1.80, Li2Ocalc.
0.09, sum 100.55 wt.% (Li2O and H2O based on the
results of single-crystal structure refinement). The formula unit,
calculated on the basis of 24 (O,OH,F) with (OH + F + O) = 2 is:
A(Na0.85K0.04)Σ=0.89B(Ca1.22Na0.78)Σ=2.00C(Mg3.76Al0.43Fe0.303+Cr0.273+Fe0.182+Li0.05Ti0.014+)Σ=5.00T(Si7.21Al0.79)Σ=8.00O22W[(OH)1.67O0.30F0.03)]Σ=2.00.
Natural occurrence of monoclinic Fe3S4
nano-precipitates in pyrrhotite from the Sudbury ore deposit: a Z-contrast
imaging and density functional theory study
Authors: Xu Huifang , Shen Zhizhang , Konishi Hiromi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA monoclinic form of Fe3S4, a polymorph of cubic
greigite, occurs as precipitates in a sample of pyrrhotite collected from
the Sudbury ore deposit. The nano-crystal precipitates are in a topotaxial
relationship with the host pyrrhotite-4C (Fe7S8). The
precipitate and the host pyrrhotite have a coherent (001) interface. Half of
the octahedral layers in the crystal structure are fully occupied by Fe,
while the other half of the octahedral layers are occupied by Fe atoms and
vacancies in an ordered manner along the a axis. The crystal structure of
the Fe3S4 nano-precipitates has monoclinic symmetry
with a space group of I2/m. Its c
dimension is 6% smaller than that of the host pyrrhotite due to the large
number of vacancies in the structure. Fractional coordinates for S and Fe
atoms within the unit cell are determined from Z-contrast images and density
functional theory (DFT). The calculated results match the measured values
very well. It is proposed that the monoclinic Fe3S4
nano-precipitates formed through ordering of vacancies in pyrrhotite with a
low Fe/S ratio (i.e. <0.875) at low temperature.
Smart Nanoparticles Based on Hyaluronic Acid for Redox-Responsive and CD44 Receptor-Mediated Targeting of Tumor
Authors: Park Hyung-Kyu , Lee Sang Joon , Oh Jong-Suk , Lee Sam-Gyu , Jeong Young-IL , Lee Hyun Chul 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
Since aggressive cancer cells highly express the CD44 receptor compared to normal cells, hyaluronic acid (HA) can be used for CD44 targeting molecule. Since glutathione (GSH) level is normally elevated in the intracellular compartment and in the tumor cell, the fact that disulfide bond can be cleaved by GSH is widely used for intracellular drug delivery.

Methods
HA was connected with poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) using disulfide linkage, and then a diblock copolymer (HAssLG) was prepared. Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded HAssLG nanoparticles were prepared by dialysis procedures.

Results and Discussion
DOX-loaded HAssLG nanoparticles have spherical shapes with small particle size of less than 300 nm. In fluorescence measurement, DOX was dose-dependently liberated from nanoparticles by the addition of GSH. DOX release rate from HAssLG nanoparticles was increased by the addition of GSH. To confirm CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis of nanoparticles, CD44-positive MDA-MB231 cells were employed and fluorescence intensity was strong when nanoparticles were treated to tumor cells. However, fluorescence intensity was significantly decreased through blocking of the CD44 receptor by pretreatment of cells with free HA. Fluorescence intensity of cells was increased again when GSH was added, indicating that HAssLG nanoparticles have CD44 receptor targetability and potential of redox-responsive drug delivery. For animal imaging study, CD44-positive MDA-MB231 cells and CD44-negative NIH3T3 cells were simultaneously implanted into the right flank and left flank of mice, respectively. Fluorescence intensity was significantly stronger at tumor mass of MDA-MB231 cells than solid mass of NIH3T3 cells, indicating that HAssLG nanoparticles were specifically delivered to tumor cells.

Conclusions
The results indicated that HAssLG nanoparticles have specificity against the CD44 receptor and can be used for anticancer drug targeting. We recommend HAssLG nanoparticles as a promising vehicle for cancer drug targeting.
Abnormal brain activation in excoriation (skin-picking)
disorder: Evidence from an executive planning fMRI study
Authors: Odlaug Brian L. , Hampshire Adam , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Grant Jon E. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundExcoriation (skin-picking) disorder (SPD) is a relatively common
psychiatric condition whose neurobiological basis is unknown.AimsTo probe the function of fronto-striatal circuitry in SPD.MethodEighteen participants with SPD and 15 matched healthy controls undertook
an executive planning task (Tower of London) during functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI). Activation during planning was compared between
groups using region of interest and whole-brain permutation cluster
approaches.ResultsThe SPD group exhibited significant functional underactivation in a
cluster encompassing bilateral dorsal striatum (maximal in right
caudate), bilateral anterior cingulate and right medial frontal regions.
These abnormalities were, for the most part, outside the dorsal planning
network typically activated by executive planning tasks.ConclusionsAbnormalities of neural regions involved in habit formation, action
monitoring and inhibition appear involved in the pathophysiology of SPD.
Implications exist for understanding the basis of excessive grooming and
the relationship of SPD with putative obsessive–compulsive spectrum
disorders.
Defending the Rhine in Asia: France's 1951 Reinforcement Debate and French International Ambitions
Authors: Thompson Mark 
Published: July 2015

This article examines the French decision to send reinforcements to Indochina in April 1951 despite evidence of the futility of the Indochina War and pressing security needs in Europe. I analyze the motivation for this decision with the assistance of the minutes of the National Defense Committee, as well as the private papers of leading French politicians and military figures. I argue that the key to understanding the French decision to continue the war rather than seek peace was the belief that the war in Indochina was critical to the achievement of French goals in Europe and NATO. As a consequence of this analysis, I suggest that any celebration of France's European achievements must be tempered by the recognition that European policy was often closely linked with a regressive imperial policy.
Le but de cette contribution est d'examiner la décision française d'envoyer des renforts en Indochine en avril 1951 en dépit des preuves de la futilité de la guerre d'Indochine et des besoins urgents de la défense nationale en Europe. J'analyse cette décision à la lumière des procès-verbaux du comité de la Défense nationale aussi bien qu'à la lumière des documents personnels d'éminents politiciens français et d'importantes personnalités militaires. La clé pour comprendre la décision française de continuer la guerre au lieu de poursuivre la paix était la conviction des décideurs que le conflit était d'une importance primordiale pour la réalisation de leurs buts en Europe et dans l'OTAN. A la suite de cette analyse, je suggère que la célébration des réussites européennes de la France doit être modérée par l'acceptation que sa politique européenne était souvent liée à une politique impériale régressive.
Reassembly of Exfoliated α-ZrP Nanosheets and Cobalt Porphyrin Used as an Oxygen Sensor
Authors: Pan Binbin , Ma Juanjuan , Zhang Xiaobo , Li Jinpeng , Liu Lin , Zhang Dongen , Tong Zhiwei 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A sandwich-structured nanocomposite of α-ZrP/CoTMPyP [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrinatocobalt(III)] was fabricated via electrostatic interaction between cobalt porphyrin and α-ZrP nanosheets. The obtained material was used as a modifier on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to test the electrocatalytic performance toward oxygen reduction, the results indicated that dioxygen was reduced to H2O2 via two-electron transfer.
Study on Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides Prepared by Fouled Anion-exchange Resins
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Yan-sheng , Li Gang 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A simple and efficient preparation of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide is reported in this letter. Fouled and waste 201 × 7 type anion-exchange resins as precursors and templates provided abundant CO32− for the Mg/Al layered double hydroxide. The products were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
Engineering and Ecological Assessment of Nuclear Powered Ships Dismantling
Authors: Хвостова  , Khvostova Marina 
Published: July 2015

The article considers basic approaches to dismantling of nuclear-powered guided missile heavy cruisers on the example
of the nuclear-powered guided missile heavy cruiser &#34;Admiral Ushakov&#34;, as well as conceptual questions of safety during
planned dismantling. The major factors that have impact on choosing the strategy of dismantling and on ensuring nuclear,
radiation and ecological safety of the personnel, population and environment during dismantling are considered. The
conclusion is that maintaining and servicing decommissioned nuclear powered ships and their reactor installations, along
with operations in the course of subsequent dismantling of nuclear powered ships have no fundamental differences from
the corresponding conditions and operations for nuclear submarines. “Shiprepairing Center “Zvezdochka” JSC has longterm
experience of maintaining and dismantling nuclear submarines, including fuel discharge of dozens of marine reactor
plants. This experience convincingly confirms high reliability of procedures (including on nuclear and radiation safety and
on inadmissible impacts on environment) embedded into domestic projects of marine reactor plants, and acceptability of
regulations and technologies applied by “Shiprepairing Center “Zvezdochka” JSC during corresponding operations including
such potentially dangerous ones as discharging nuclear reactors and further treatment of the spent nuclear fuel.
On Planning Measures on Localization and Liquidation of Accidents Consequences to Provide Industrial Safety
Authors: Белов  , Belov N. , Квашнин  , Kvashnin D. , Семенов  , Semenov A. , Чуркин  , Churkin A. 
Published: July 2015

The article studies the procedure of development of Activity Plan on localization and liquidation of accidents consequences
on hazardous industrial facilities. It notes ambiguousness of requirements to Plans introduced by Decrees of the Government
of the Russian Federation and Recommendations of the Federal Environmental, Engineering &amp; Nuclear Supervision Agency
(Rostehnadzor). To provide industrial safety it is recommended to create a single regulatory document in accordance with
which all other documentation on localization and liquidation of accidents consequences on hazardous industrial facilities
must be developed.
Comparison of the Organic Pigment Photodegradation Efficiency in Once-Through and Circulation Treatment Modes
Authors: Мишаков  , Mishakov M. , Малков  , Malkov K. , Камруков  , Kamrukov A. , Яловик  , Yalovik M. 
Published: July 2015

The paper researches and optimizes new physical methods of industrial wastewater treatment of organic contaminants for
advanced environmental technologies. It presents the results of studies of photodegradation of the organic methylene blue by
high-intensity optical continuous spectrum radiation generated by xenon pulsed lamp in aqueous solution. Processing of aqueous
solution was carried out in once-through and circulation modes without using any additional chemicals. The possibility of deep
degradation of an organic pigment as the result of direct photolysis is displayed. Specific energy consumption was determined
for photochemical water purification in once-through and circulation modes. Energy consumption required to achieve a given
level of reduction of the initial concentration of the water pollutant in circulation mode can exceed that in once-through mode of
photochemical processing by several times. Experimental results are consistent with theoretical estimations.
Training Technologies in Teaching «Technosphere Safety»
Authors: Тимофеева  , Timofeeva Svetlana 
Published: July 2015

The article studies a training method used by the Department of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety of Irkutsk State Technical
University to teach “security processes and facilities” students “Technosphere safety”. Methodology is based on active
learning methods: “life-wrestling” competitions and educational complex.
Reputation Transferability in Online Labor Markets
Authors: Kokkodis Marios , Ipeirotis Panagiotis G. 
Published: July 2015

Online workplaces such as oDesk, Amazon Mechanical Turk, and TaskRabbit have been growing in importance over the last few years. In such markets, employers post tasks on which remote contractors work and deliver the product of their work online. As in most online marketplaces, reputation mechanisms play a very important role in facilitating transactions, since they instill trust and are often predictive of the employer’s future satisfaction. However, labor markets are usually highly heterogeneous in terms of available task categories; in such scenarios, past performance may not be an accurate signal of future performance. To account for this natural heterogeneity, in this work, we build models that predict the performance of a worker based on prior, category-specific feedback. Our models assume that each worker has a category-specific quality, which is latent and not directly observable; what is observable, though, is the set of feedback ratings of the worker and of other contractors with similar work histories. Based on this information, we provide a series of models of increasing complexity that successfully estimate the worker’s quality. We start by building a binomial model and a multinomial model under the implicit assumption that the latent qualities of the workers are static. Next, we remove this assumption, and we build linear dynamic systems that capture the evolution of these latent qualities over time. We evaluate our models on a large corpus of over a million transactions (completed tasks) from oDesk, an online labor market with hundreds of millions of dollars in transaction volume. Our results show an improved accuracy of up to 25% compared to feedback baselines and significant improvement over the commonly used collaborative filtering approach. Our study clearly illustrates that reputation systems should present different reputation scores, depending on the context in which the worker has been previously evaluated and the job for which the worker is applying. This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
The Association of Intelligence, Visual-Motor Functioning, and Personality Characteristics With Adaptive Behavior in Individuals With Williams Syndrome
Authors: Fu Trista J. , Lincoln Alan J. , Bellugi Ursula , Searcy Yvonne M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is associated with deficits in adaptive behavior and an uneven adaptive profile. This study investigated the association of intelligence, visual-motor functioning, and personality characteristics with the adaptive behavior in individuals with WS. One hundred individuals with WS and 25 individuals with developmental disabilities of other etiologies were included in this study. This study found that IQ and visual-motor functioning significantly predicted adaptive behavior in individuals of WS. Visual-motor functioning especially predicted the most amount of unique variance in overall adaptive behavior and contributed to the variance above and beyond that of IQ. Present study highlights the need for interventions that address visual-motor and motor functioning in individuals with WS.
Constructive rituals of demediatization: Spiritual, corporeal and mixed metaphors in popular discourse about unplugging
Authors: Rauch Jennifer 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The increasing mediatization of everyday life has raised many concerns about the cultural consequences of digital technology and possibilities for individual self-determination. This article examines innovative practices of unplugging that people have constructed to challenge media logic and contest dominant cultural values – by creating create times and spaces of demediatization. The media ecology perspective, especially the work of James Carey, helps to shed light upon new rituals such as digital Sabbaths, fasts, diets and detox that advocate reducing or avoiding media use. An analysis of the spiritual and corporeal metaphors in popular discourse about unplugging reveals many symbolic and instrumental meanings that motivate resistant media users, a group oft-neglected by researchers. This article considers the collective obstacles to such individual practices and demonstrates that through constructive rituals, unpluggers not only critique mainstream culture but also enact an alternative vision of life.
The entelechies of media: Formal and material causality in media ecology
Authors: Sutherland Thomas 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Examining Marshall McLuhan’s idiosyncratic adoption of the Aristotelian concept of formal cause, this article contends that McLuhan’s emphasis upon form, and his refusal to engage with the question of materiality, traps his theory within a hylomorphic schema that considers mediation only in terms of its effects upon an audience, thus failing to take into account the configurational attributes of hardware itself. Comparing McLuhan’s media theory to that of Friedrich Kittler, it is argued that the latter offers a valuable rejoinder to such formalism, allowing us to properly consider both the formal and material qualities of media in the digital age.
Nollywood video film’s impact on Nigerian and other African environments and cultures
Authors: Onuzulike Uchenna 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article examines how Nollywood video films impact Nigerian and other African cultures and environments by connecting an oral culture such as Nigeria quickly through the literate phase to membership in the global village. It also contributes to McLuhan’s hot–cool model by applying it to Nollywood video films, which is complex because the term ‘video film’ connotes a combination of cool (i.e., television) and hot (i.e., cinema) media. Applying the hot–cool model to Nollywood productions suggests that quick and cheap productions are likely to distort African environments and cultures negatively, unlike the well-planned and larger budget productions that are likely to be made on celluloid. Finally, this article explicates two Nollywood video films in order to ascertain how the Nigerian and other African environments and cultures are impacted in light of the complexity of hot and cool media. The article concludes that quick productions are better viewed and decoded via a cool medium, while well-planned productions are better viewed and decoded via either a hot or a cool medium.
Repositioning the innovation rationale for public service media
Authors: Cunningham Stuart 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The values that gave rise to the ethos of public service broadcasting (PSB) almost a century ago, and which have provided the rationale for PSBs around the world across that time, are under question. This article argues that the process of reinvention of PSBs is enhanced through repositioning the innovation rationale for public service media (PSM). It is organized around a differentiation which is part of the standard repertoire of innovation studies – that between product, process and organizational innovation – as they are being practised by the two Australian PSBs, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS). The article then considers the general problematics of innovation for PSBs through an analysis of the operations of the public value test in the context of European PSM, and its, to this stage, non-application in Australia. The innovation rationale is argued to be a distinctive via media between complementary and comprehensive roles for PSM, which in turn suggests an international, policy-relevant research agenda focusing on international circumstances in which the public broadcaster is not market dominant.