bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular approach to describing a seed‐based food web: the post‐dispersal granivore community of an invasive plant
Authors: Lundgren Jonathan G. , Saska Pavel , Honěk Alois 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCommunities of post‐dispersal granivores can shape the density and dispersion of exotic plants and invasive weeds, yet plant ecologists have a limited perception of the relative trophic linkages between a seed species and members of its granivore community. Dandelion seeds marked with Rabbit IgG were disseminated into replicated plots in the recipient habitat (South Dakota) and the native range (Czech Republic). Arthropods were collected in pitfall traps, and their guts were searched for the protein marker using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seed dishes were placed in each plot, and dandelion seed removal rates were measured. The entire experiment was repeated five times over the dandelion flowering period. Gut analysis revealed that approximately 22% of specimens tested positive for the seed marker. A more diverse granivore community had trophic linkages to seeds than has been previously realized under field conditions. This community included taxa such as isopods, millipedes, weevils, rove beetles, and caterpillars, in addition to the traditionally recognized ants, crickets, and carabid beetles. Rarefaction and Chao analysis estimated approximately 16 and 27 species in the granivore communities of the Czech Republic and South Dakota, respectively. Synthesis: Generalist granivore communities are diverse and polyphagous, and are clearly important as a form of biotic resistance to invasive and weedy plants. These granivore communities can be managed to limit population growth of these pests.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Near‐IR Luminescent Properties of Lanthanide Bis(β‐diketonate) Complexes
Authors: Hou Yanjun , Shi Jing , Chu Wenyi , Sun Zhizhong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA bis(β‐diketone), 1,3‐bis(4,4,4‐trifluoro‐1,3‐dioxobutyl)phenyl (BTP), which contains a trifluorinated alkyl group, has been exploited to obtain three series of visible‐light sensitive dinuclear rare‐earth complexes with the general formula [Ln2(BTP)3L2] [Ln = Nd, L = DME (1), bpy (2), and phen (3); Ln = Yb, L = DME (4), bpy (5), and phen (6); Ln = Er, L = DME (7); DME = ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline]. An X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed that complexes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 are triple‐stranded helical dinuclear structures that are formed by three bis(bidentate) ligands with two lanthanide ions. The room‐temperature near‐IR luminescent properties of complexes 1–6 show that this bis(β‐diketone) can effectively sensitize rare earths (Nd3+, Yb3+) and produce typical near‐infrared luminescence upon excitation with visible light of the corresponding Nd3+ and Yb3+ ions. Additionally, two bidentate nitrogen ancillary ligands, 2,2‐bipydine (bpy) and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen), have been applied to enhance the NIR luminescent properties.
Endocrine disruption by di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Yang Yuanjin , Zhang Liping , Ma Yanbo , Han Jian , Yang Lihua , Zhou Bingsheng 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Great concern has been raised over the potential impact of environmental contaminants on fish populations that inhabit the Three Gorge Reservoir. The present study investigated the endocrine-disrupting effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) on the Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus), an endemic fish distributed in upstream waters in the Yangtze River. Adult rare minnow were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of DEHP (0 µg/L, 3.6 µg/L, 12.8 µg/L, 39.4 µg/L, and 117.6 µg/L) for a 21-d period. Then, concentrations of sex hormones in the plasma and relative transcription of various associated genes were measured in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis and liver of the fish. Exposure to DEHP resulted in greater circulating concentrations of testosterone (T) and lower concentrations of estradiol (E2), which were accompanied by upregulation of Cyp17 mRNA and downregulation of Cyp19a mRNA in the gonads of females. In males, increases of T and E2 levels were consistent with upregulation of Cyp17 and Cyp19a in the gonads. Furthermore, the T/E2 ratio was increased in females but reduced in males. A significant increase in the levels of hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) gene transcription was observed in both females and males. The present study showed that waterborne exposure to DEHP altered plasma sex hormone levels and modulated gene transcription profiles of associated genes in the HPG axis and liver, occurring mostly at higher concentrations (&gt;39.4 µg/L), which suggests that environmental concentration of DEHP (5.4 µg/L) alone might not disturb the endocrine system of the rare minnow in the TGR. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1846–1854. © 2013 SETAC
Im Kampf gegen das Vergessen
Authors: Heneka Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWenn erste Gedächtnislücken auftreten und die Orientierung schwer fällt, denken viele Betroffene an Alzheimer. Doch dann ist die Krankheit bereits weit fortgeschritten. Umso wichtiger ist es, sie möglichst früh zu diagnostizieren.
Verjüngungskur für Zellen
Authors: Geiger Hartmut 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGesund alt werden — ein Traum vieler Menschen. Damit er gelingt, untersuchen Forscher den Alterungsprozess auch auf zellulärer und molekularer Ebene. Bei Mäusen haben sie dabei bereits Erfolg: Hier konnten erstmals gealterte Blutstammzellen reorganisiert und so in ihrer Funktion verlängert werden.
Negotiating a Labyrinth: experiences of assessment and diagnostic journey in cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: Samsi Kritika , Abley Clare , Campbell Sarah , Keady John , Manthorpe Jill , Robinson Louise , Watts Sue , Bond John 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesThere has been a global push towards the earlier diagnosis of dementia, but there is little understanding of the transitions along the assessment and diagnostic pathway from the perspective of people affected by memory problems, cognitive impairment and early dementia. This study explores the experience of the assessment and diagnostic pathway for people with cognitive impairment and their family carers.MethodsQualitative interviews with 27 people with cognitive impairment and 26 carers (20 dyads) using four memory services before and after diagnosis disclosure were conducted. Interview transcripts were subject to constant comparative analysis and interpretations subject to discussion at regular ‘analysis clinics’.ResultsTwelve sub‐themes were identified along four points on the assessment journey. Feelings of confusion, uncertainty and anxiety over interminable waiting times dominated. Participants often felt without support to manage their uncertainties, emotions and did not know where to turn for support. Some were highly critical of the systemic process of assessment and diagnosis disclosure but were generally positive of the practice of individual professionals.ConclusionsService providers should review the process of assessment and diagnosis disclosure for people with cognitive impairment and their carers. They should develop a process that is person centred and accommodates the individualised preferences. The development of service systems to provide continuous relevant information and clarity to service users needs to involve all stakeholders, including people with cognitive impairment and their carers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality of life, health status and caregiver burden in Parkinson's disease: relationship to executive functioning
Authors: Kudlicka Aleksandra , Clare Linda , Hindle John V. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveHigh‐quality person‐centred care for people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) and their families relies on identifying and addressing factors that specifically impact on quality of life (QoL). Deficits in executive functions (EF) are common in Parkinson's disease, but their impact on PwPD and their caregivers is not well understood. The present study evaluated how EF contributes to QoL and health status for the PwPD and caregiver burden.MethodsSixty‐five PwPD completed measures of QoL, health status and EF, and 50 caregivers rated the EF of the PwPD and their own burden. Multiple regression analyses examined predictors of QoL (general life, health and movement disorders domains), health status and caregiver burden.ResultsQuality of life in the health and movement disorders domains was best explained by caregiver‐rated EF, whereas QoL in the general life domain was best explained by level of depression. Health status was predicted by self‐rated EF, with an objective EF measure also included in the regression model. Caregiver burden was best explained by caregiver‐rated EF and disease severity, with general cognition and other factors also included in the regression model.ConclusionsExecutive functions‐related behavioural problems may contribute to QoL and health status in PwPD and affect caregiver burden. The findings support the view that the concepts of subjective QoL and self‐assessed health status are only partially related and should not be seen as identical. Adequate strategies to reduce the impact of EF deficits are needed as this may have the potential to improve QoL in PwPD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compressional and shear‐wave velocity structure of the continent‐ocean transition zone at the eastern Grand Banks, Newfoundland
Authors: Eddy Drew R. , Van Avendonk Harm J. A. , Shillington Donna J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe seismic structure of the continent‐ocean transition (COT) at magma‐poor rifted margins can explain geological processes leading to continental breakup. At the Newfoundland‐Iberia rift, compressional seismic velocity (Vp) is interpreted with multichannel seismic reflections and drilling results to document continental crustal stretching and thinning, exhumation of the mantle, and incipient seafloor‐spreading. However, Vp cannot uniquely constrain COT geology. We present an updated 2‐D model for Vp and a new shear‐wave velocity model (Vs) for SCREECH Line 2 on the Newfoundland margin using multichannel seismic reflections and coincident ocean‐bottom seismometer refraction data. In shallow COT basement we find Vp / Vs ratios average 1.77, which is normally too high for upper continental crust and too low for serpentinized mantle. This observation can be explained by stretching of a mafic middle and/or lower continental crust into the COT. We further support the presence of hydrated mantle peridotites at depth during rifting.
Fluorescence Activation with Photochromic Auxochromes
Authors: Raymo Françisco M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe inherent reversibility of photochromic transformations can be exploited to switch on and off the fluorescence of appropriate organic chromophores under optical control. In turn, the photoactivation of fluorescence permits the monitoring of dynamic processes in real time as well as the reconstruction of images with spatial resolution at the nanometer level. Thus, the identification of viable structural designs to construct and operate photoactivatable fluorophores on the basis of photochromic processes can translate into the realization of valuable analytical tools for biomedical research. In this context, a strategy was designed to connect a simple photochromic oxazine to essentially any fluorescent chromophore with a pendant formyl group. In the resulting fluorophorephotochrome dyads, the photoinduced interconversion of the photochromic component between its two states controls that ability of the fluorescent component to absorb exciting radiation and emit as a result. Under these conditions, the interplay of two illuminating beams, designed to operate the photochromic component and excite the fluorescent one, respectively, offers the opportunity to switch fluorescence reversibly for multiple cycles. Furthermore, the fluorophorephotochrome dyads described herein can be entrapped within the hydrophobic core of polymer micelles and operated under these conditions in aqueous solutions and within the intracellular environment.
LONG‐TERM GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND SALINE INTRUSION ASSESSMENT IN AN IRRIGATED ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE AQUIFER UNDER THE LBDC IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Authors: Basharat Muhammad , Tariq Ata‐Ur‐Rehman 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPakistan's irrigation system is more than a century old. Due to the increasing population and consequent intensifying agriculture, dependence on groundwater is successively increasing. The underground reservoir that was recharged during the first half of the twentieth century by the newly built irrigation system with low cropping intensities is now being overexploited. Groundwater quality is variable, both vertically and horizontally, with the exception of areas adjacent to rivers, where it is fresh. This paper describes groundwater quality in the Lower Bari Doab Canal (LBDC) irrigation system based on 47 years of historic water quality data (TDS, SAR and RSC). Areas are delineated in the form of zones and depths. The tail end of the command is facing severe groundwater depletion, whereas in certain parts, groundwater quality deterioration with the passage of time has also been detected. Possible reasons and mechanisms of saline intrusion within the aquifer are described. Lateral saline intrusion is not a major issue due to very slow groundwater movement. But in areas with saline groundwater lying below the upper layer of irrigation leaked fresh water, mobilization of deeper saline water is taking place as a result of pumping by farmers. In addition, results of the solute transport model and MODPATH runs were evaluated in support of water quality analysis and groundwater flow rates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MULTIPLE TESTING AND HETEROGENEOUS TREATMENT EFFECTS: RE‐EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF PROGRESA ON SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
Authors: Lee Soohyung , Shaikh Azeem M. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThe effect of a program or treatment may vary according to observed characteristics. In such a setting, it may not only be of interest to determine whether the program or treatment has an effect on some sub‐population defined by these observed characteristics, but also to determine for which sub‐populations, if any, there is an effect. This paper treats this problem as a multiple testing problem in which each null hypothesis in the family of null hypotheses specifies whether the program has an effect on the outcome of interest for a particular sub‐population. We develop our methodology in the context of PROGRESA, a large‐scale poverty‐reduction program in Mexico. In our application, the outcome of interest is the school enrollment rate and the sub‐populations are defined by gender and highest grade completed. Under weak assumptions, the testing procedure we construct controls the familywise error rate—the probability of even one false rejection—in finite samples. Similar to earlier studies, we find that the program has a significant effect on the school enrollment rate, but only for a much smaller number of sub‐populations when compared to results that do not adjust for multiple testing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of subcellular dynamics on cell–substrate interactions by live cell imaging
Authors: Lin Chuang‐Yu , Li Li‐Tzu , Su Wen‐Ta 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCellular adhesiveness to biomaterial is one of the important properties for the success of tissue engineering. The cell–biomaterial interactions involve close cooperation of adhesion proteins, plasma membrane, and cytoskeletons to form focal adhesions during the process of anchoring. Dynamic development of the plasma membrane in the process reflects the cellular biocompatibility and motility. The process of cell attachment beginning from seeding, contact, attachment, and spreading has not been investigated. In this study, we monitored the whole process of cells attaching to the substrate surface by time‐lapse confocal microscopy. We observed that the surface configuration of the substratum effects plasma membrane expansion and genomic materials distribution. In contrast to the cells grown on the plate, the cells attached on pillars are with rounded nuclei and with prominent lamellipodia spreading out. Membrane expansion is involved in dynamic development of the plasma membrane and lamellipodia formation for attachment, migration, or proliferation and reflects the cellular physiology status of the cells. This study provides a platform for investigation of cell behavior and dynamic development of subcellular structures regarding cell–biomaterial interactions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1149–1154, 2014.
Efficacy of a Cognitive‐Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia and Nightmares in Afghanistan and Iraq Veterans With PTSD
Authors: Margolies Skye Ochsner , Rybarczyk Bruce , Vrana Scott R. , Leszczyszyn David J. , Lynch John 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveSleep disturbances are a core and salient feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Pilot studies have indicated that combined cognitive‐behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) and imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) for nightmares improves sleep as well as PTSD symptoms.MethodThe present study randomized 40 combat veterans (mean age 37.7 years; 90% male and 60% African American) who served in Afghanistan and/or Iraq (Operation Enduring Freedom [OEF] / Operation Iraqi Freedom [OIF]) to 4 sessions of CBT‐I with adjunctive IRT or a waitlist control group. Two thirds of participants had nightmares at least once per week and received the optional IRT module.ResultsAt posttreatment, veterans who participated in CBT‐I/IRT reported improved subjectively and objectively measured sleep, a reduction in PTSD symptom severity and PTSD‐related nighttime symptoms, and a reduction in depression and distressed mood compared to the waitlist control group.ConclusionThe findings from this first controlled study with OEF/OIF veterans suggest that CBT‐I combined with adjunctive IRT may hold promise for reducing both insomnia and PTSD symptoms. Given the fact that only half of the patients with nightmares fully implemented the brief IRT protocol, future studies should determine if this supplement adds differential efficacy to CBT‐I alone.
Online Counseling: A Narrative and Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Richards Derek , Viganó Noemi 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThis article aimed to critically review the literature on online counseling.MethodDatabase and hand‐searches were made using search terms and eligibility criteria, yielding a total of 123 studies.ResultsThe review begins with what characterizes online counseling. Outcome and process research in online counseling is reviewed. Features and cyberbehaviors of online counseling such as anonymity and disinhibition, convenience, time‐delay, the loss of social signaling, and writing behavior in cyberspace are discussed. Ethical behavior, professional training, client suitability, and clients’ and therapists’ attitudes and experiences of online counseling are reviewed.ConclusionA growing body of knowledge to date is positive in showing that online counseling can have a similar impact and is capable of replicating the facilitative conditions as face‐to‐face encounters. A need remains for stronger empirical evidence to establish efficacy and effectiveness and to understand better the unique mediating and facilitative variables.
Functional and morphological impact of ER stress on mitochondria
Authors: Vannuvel Kayleen , Renard Patricia , Raes Martine , Arnould Thierry 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOver the past years, knowledge and evidence about the existence of crosstalks between cellular organelles and their potential effects on survival or cell death have been constantly growing. More recently, evidence accumulated showing an intimate relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. These close contacts not only establish extensive physical links allowing exchange of lipids and calcium but they can also coordinate pathways involved in cell life and death. It is now obvious that ER dysfunction/stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) as well as mitochondria play major roles in apoptosis. However, while the effects of major ER stress on cell death have been largely studied and reviewed, it becomes more and more evident that cells might regularly deal with sublethal ER stress, a condition that does not necessarily lead to cell death but might affect the function/activity of other organelles such as mitochondria. In this review, we will particularly focus on these new, interesting and intriguing metabolic and morphological events that occur during the early adaptative phase of the ER stress, before the onset of cell death, and that remain largely unknown. Relevance and implication of these mitochondrial changes in response to ER stress conditions for human diseases such as type II diabetes and Alzheimer's disease will also be considered. J. Cell. Physiol. 9999: XX–XX, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1802–1818, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Mechanistic Action of Carbon Dioxide on a Neural Circuit and NMJ Communication
Authors: BIERBOWER SONYA M. , COOPER ROBIN L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious studies examining behavioral responses to CO2 revealed that high [CO2] acts as a natural repellent in a concentration dependent manner for crayfish. Physiologically, CO2 can rapidly block the autonomic responses in heart rate, as well as, inhibit an escape tail flip reflex in crayfish. Here, we demonstrate that the behavioral observations can be mechanistically explained by CO2 blocking glutamate receptors at the neuromuscular junction and through inhibition of recruiting motor neurons within the CNS. The effects are not mimicked with a lower pH in the bathing solution. Since spontaneous and sensory‐evoked activities in the sensory root and motor neurons are reduced by CO2, this is an anesthetic effect. We propose this is due to blockage of electrical synapses, as well as, some of the central glutamatergic‐drive. We used agonists and antagonists (glutamate, nicotine, domoic acid, cadmium, heptanol) to various synaptic inputs, which are possibly present in the ventral nerve cord (VNC). Results from these chemicals supported the idea that there is electrical as well as chemical drive within the circuit that can modulate intrinsic as well as sensory evoked activity in the motor neurons. We have documented that CO2 has actions in the periphery as well as in the CNS, to account for the behavioral responses previously shown. Furthermore, we document that gap junctions as well as glutamatergic synapses are potential targets. This study also aids in the dissection of a neural circuitry within the VNC that drives spontaneous and sensory evoked activity of the superficial flexor motor neurons. J. Exp. Zool. 319A:340–354, 2013. © 2013 © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.