bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methyl mercury ototoxicity: A model for the surface preparation technique
Authors: Falk Stephen A. , Haseman Joseph K. , Klein Ronald , Falk Marcia K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA critical review of recent articles in which the surface preparation technique was employed is presented. Many of the reports were deficient in terms of five important criteria which would insure reproducibility of experiments, comparability of results from different investigators, and detection of a low level of cellular pathology. These criteria are: inclusion of concurrent controls; use of adequate number of control and treated animals to insure the detection of meaningful treatment‐control differences; adequate examination of controls; quantitative expression of cellular pathology, and the use of statistical analyses to test for significant differences.When these criteria were employed, methyl mercury was identified as a unique ototoxic agent. It caused a low level of outer hair cell pathology in all four turns of the guinea pig cochlea. Statistically significant damage occurred in the outer row of outer hair cells at 2½ turns from the cochlear base (P <.01) and in the inner row at 3½ turns (P <.05). When damage for all rows at each turn was considered, methyl mercury produced significant damage (P <.05) at 2½ turns from the cochlear base.
Management of general anesthesia for mastoid‐tympanoplasty: Anesthesia and surgical considerations
Authors: Snow John C. , Kripke Benjamin J. , Strong M. Stuart 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBleeding can be minimized during general endotracheal anesthesia for mastoid‐tympanoplasty surgery by a satisfactory anesthesia, normal spontaneous ventilation without expiratory or inspiratory obstruction, proper positioning of the patient, and controlled hypotension at 95 systolic blood pressure with oxygen 6 liters/min. and halothane 1.5‐2 percent. Trimethaphan 0.1 percent may be added. The degree of hypotension is controlled by the depth of anesthesia with halothane, positioning, and if it is required, titration with trimethaphan.Controlled mild hypotension with halothane facilitates mastoid‐tympanoplasty surgery. It has been used in more than 300 patients, with ages ranging from six to 72 years. The results have been highly successful and satisfactory. There was no morbidity or mortality related either directly or indirectly to the use of this technique.
Statistical analysis of the alterations of blood gases produced by nasal packing
Authors: Cook Ted A. , Komorn Robert M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAlteration in pulmonary physiology occurred in 20 patients who had nasal packing, bed rest and sedation for control of epistaxis. While the packs were in place there was a uniform decrease in the arterial PO2 and an increase in the arterial PCO2 which was statistically significant. These changes were most marked in six patients who had pre‐existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Removal of the packing or ligation of the internal maxillary artery quickly reversed the hypoxic state.It is postulated that the cardiovascular stress resulting from purposely inducing a hypoxic state with nasal packing, bed rest, and sedation may be the underlying etiology for sudden death. The alternative of using internal maxillary artery ligation not only avoids this hypoxic state but can also shorten the hospital stay and eliminate the discomfort and local complications known to occur with nasal packing.
A 10‐year profile of meniere's disease and endolymphatic shunt surgery
Authors: Turner John S. , Saunders Anne Z. , Per‐Lee John H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis report reviews our experience at the Emory Clinic with medically and surgically managed Ménière's patients and indicates the importance of prolonged follow‐up before final decisions about the results of surgery are made. Endolymphatic sac surgery has been used for the past 10 years in the treatment of incapacitating vertigo. Vertigo was improved in 60 percent but hearing was preserved in only 50 percent. Vasodilators were used as the primary agents in medical care. Hearing was preserved in 68 percent of cases. A safe, long‐acting, protective, vasodilating drug is needed for the adequate control of Ménière's disease.
Innervated partial hemi‐tongue pseudoepiglottis: An experimental study
Authors: Lapidot Abraham , Gelot Raghuvir , Ampolsakdi Thavisin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA conventional supraglottic laryngectomy with simultaneous bilateral arytenoidectomy and lateralization of the true vocal cords, in order to “freeze the glottic inlet,” was performed in 15 dogs. The posterior half of the hemi‐tongue was mobilized, everted and delivered into the hypopharynx where its free distal margins were sutured to a raw area created on the postcricoid and upper esophageal region. This flap constituted the innervated part hemi‐tongue pseudoepiglottis. The healing of the pseudoepiglottis was complete in eight dogs. Endoscopic examination demonstrated the pseudoepiglottis to cover the glottic inlet while the dog breathed around it. All these dogs ate solids and drank liquids by mouth. Four dogs demonstrated the ability to drink fluids well, as opposed to the rather laborious effort by the rest. Barium swallow showed the passage of dye over the superior surface of the pseudoepiglottis. The dogs were sacrificed at four to six weeks. A pneumonic process was demonstrable in one dog only. Prior to sacrifice the ipsilateral hypoglossal nerve was exposed in the neck of one dog. Its stimulation electrically demonstrated contraction of the pseudoepiglottis with elevation of the esophageal inlet.
Leiomyoangioma of paranasal sinuses: Case report
Authors: Schwartzman José , Schwartzman Jorge 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis is a case report of a leiomyoangioma in a heretofore unreported location, the paranasal sinuses. Because normally there are no smooth muscle fibers on this location, it is hard to explain its origin. It seems very possible that this tumor may have originated from the smooth muscular tissue existing on the middle layer of the blood vessels supplying the sinuses.
Neurophysiological correlates of nystagmus
Authors: Ward Paul H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe space program and medicine's need for additional information in order to better understand, prevent and treat disorders of the vestibular system have stimulated widespread renewed interest in the study of this complex system. Despite the significant contributions by a number of investigators, much has yet to be learned in order to understand clearly the interrelationships and complexities of the vestibulo‐ocular system and the associated peripheral and central subsystems. Because of the functional interdependence of each portion of the vestibulo‐ocular reflex complex, a thorough study of the various parts is essential.After review and utilization of a number of available approaches for studying this complex system and its subsystems, it is apparent that the development of some new testing techniques along with improved data storing, retrieval, and analysis methods are needed. The concept, implementation, and activation of new experimental techniques are difficult and laborious as will be seen in this thesis. Better data storage, retrieval and analysis, likewise, require the use of modern technology as well as the extended efforts, assistance and cooperation of experts from other disciplines. This has been accomplished with the use of newly developed computer programs which make possible quantitative measurements, graphical display and correlative studies of massive amounts of information which would otherwise be humanly impossible.The general organization of this thesis is oriented toward reviewing the previous work by other investigators upon which any such endeavor must build. Particular emphasis is then given to the methods which are explained in detail so that they can be utilized by others without retracing the many pitfalls experienced in their development. Quantitative analysis of recordings of the behavior of the VIth cranial nerve fibers of cats in response to optokinetic and rotatory stimulation is presented and discussed.Comments on interesting observations made during the conduct of these experiments are presented. The significance and future plans of application of these new approaches to the study of the vestibulo‐ocular systems are discussed.
Radio scanning studies of ear and sinuses
Authors: Kirchner Fernando R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRadiophotoscanners are relatively new diagnostic tools. They provide visual images as well as quantitative information about the behavior in the human body of special substances called radionuclides. This paper is a preliminary report about the use of a radioactive gas, 133 Xenon, to study the ventilation of the middle ear and sinuses. This technique has so far rendered intriguing, and at the same time, fascinating results. At this point in time these results cannot be considered definitive or conclusive. It is conceivable, however, that if standardization and control of variables is achieved, this technique may play an important role in the physiological and pathological assessment of these cavities.
The anterior surgical approach in facial paralysis: The neglected horizontal position
Authors: Brockman Seymour J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA combined postero‐anterior and antero‐posterior approach to the Bell's palsy patient, with removal of the incus, produces visualization of the Fallopian canal anteriorly from the geniculate ganglion to as far posteriorly as the stylomastoid foramen. This is not feasible by the posteroanterior approach alone.With a dehiscence of the horizontal portion of the Fallopian canal, it is not always necessary to decompress the vertical portion of the facial nerve.Surgical intervention is still indicated in non‐resolving Bell's palsy.
The abc's of impedance audiometry
Authors: Sheehy James L. , Hughes Richard L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractImpedance audiometry plays an important part in the otologic evaluation. To appreciate fully when it can be of help, the otologist must have a basic understanding of the impedance bridge and acoustic equivalent volume.The test battery consists of a tympanogram, the determination of acoustic impedance and eliciting the acoustic reflex.Impedance audiometry is of greatest value in young children because a voluntary response is not required. The otologist may differentiate conductive from sensori‐neural impairments. In the adult it has been of most use as part of the neuro‐otologic evaluation, to help differentiate a cochlear from a retrocochlear impairment.
Cryosurgical treatment of recurrent head and neck malignancies — a comparative study
Authors: Goode Richard L. , Breitenbach Edwin E. , Cox Dale 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFifty‐seven cases of recurrent head and neck malignancies unsuitable for further X‐ray or surgery were treated with cryosurgery. The cases were divided into two groups: a symptomatic group of 21 cases treated only when symptoms became severe and an asymptomatic group of 36 cases treated early in an effort to produce significant prolongation of life. In the symptomatic group, pain relief was obtained in 7 of 8 patients (86.5 percent) and symptoms related to tumor bulk were relieved in 11 of 13 patients (84.6 percent). Thirty‐six asymptomatic cases treated at the time recurrence was first diagnosed, showed a definite trend of increased survival when compared with matched cases treated prior to the advent of cryosurgery.
Glomus tumors: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Glasscock Michael E. , Harris Perry F. , Newsome George 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGlomus tumors can be classified as to their origin in the temporal bone. Those limited to the middle ear and mastoid are referred to as tympanicum tumors while those originating in the jugular bulb are known as jugulare tumors. Diagnostic studies such as polytomes of the temporal bone, retrograde venograms and arteriograms now make it possible for the surgeon to determine not only the origin of the tumor but also the extent of its involvement in the temporal bone and base of the skull.Surgical removal is the treatment of choice for these lesions and radiation therapy is considered palliative and used only in inoperable cases.The theme of this paper is that extensive tympanicum and jugulare tumors can be removed with preservation of the eardrum, ossicles, posterior canal wall and cranial nerves. Twenty‐one patients are presented with summarized case histories. A protocal for diagnosis and a system of operations for the removal of these tumors has been presented in detail.
Spontaneous and positional nystagmus: a reassessment of clinical significance
Authors: Dayal Vijay S. , Tarantino Leopold , Farkashidy Joseph , Paradisgarten Avrim 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe incidence of spontaneous and types of positional nystagmus in 302 patients with end organ, nerve, brain stem and cerebellar lesions is analyzed. All types of these nystagmus are frequently encountered in peripheral and central lesions. By itself the type of vestibular nystagmus (except vertical spontaneous seen in this series in only central lesions) is not diagnostic of any lesion. It should be considered with other findings. Based on these findings, the discontinuation of the term benign paroxysmal nystagmus is suggested.In a small number of cases retested over a year, a change from spontaneous to positional to paroxysmal positional nystagmus is shown. These changes are considered to reflect the degrees of vestibular compensation that occur over a period of time.
Treatment of the vertiginous patient using cawthorne's vestibular exercises
Authors: Hecker Henry C. , Haug C. Olaf , Herndon John W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this study the results of using Cawthorne's vestibular exercises on patients with electronystagmographically confirmed positional vertigo, labyrinthitis and postoperative vertigo are discussed. Some of these patients had history of industry related noise exposure resulting in high frequency hearing loss along with ENG demonstratable peripheral vestibular lesion that could also have been caused by the high intensity noise exposure. The question arises if high intensity noise can produce vestibular disorders along with high frequency sensori‐neural hearing loss the employee's life can be endangered if he works on high places or on heavy machinery, etc., where momentary dizziness can be fatal. In addition, some of the data in this study suggests the possibility of congenital vestibular weakness similar to genetically transmittable sensori‐neural hearing loss. The study discusses the useful role the audiologist can play in such rehabilitative procedure working with the physician and other related professions to help patients overcome their vestibular disorientation.
Microscopic antrostomies in children: A review of the literature in chronic sinusitis and a plan of medical and surgical treatment
Authors: Dixon Hamilton S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPotential complications, morbidity, treatment failures and “nasal cripples” make one cautious about advising radical sinus surgery. Though antibiotics have greatly reduced the need for radical surgery, some patients do not respond to conservative treatment.Reviewed is pertinent literature concerning treatment of chronic, refractory sinusitis in children, particularly intranasal antrostomy.Medical treatment for chronic sinusitis precedes surgical intervention. Allergic history, nasal cytology and radiographic examination are essential.Since principles of adequate surgical drainage and ventilation have long been established, controlled antrostomy procedure is done with the aid of the operating microscope, creating a nasal mucosal flap.A new instrument is presented — a self‐retaining stabilized retractor speculum which allows adequate visualization with the microscope while protecting the mucosal flap and freeing both hands for the procedure.
Clinical significance of viral latency
Authors: Sprinkle Philip M. , Veltri Robert W. , Wade John 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEvidence is accumulating to show that a number of viruses have the ability to adapt to man's defense mechanisms and survive in a latent state for what appears to be the life of the human host. Unfortunately, latent viral presence, which may appear clinically benign initially, may manifest itself later as severe and often fatal disease. Some members of the herpes virus family have latent potential and are discussed in detail. Clinical competence would suggest a thorough understanding of these late manifestations of occult viral presence.
An unusual thyroid tumor in a child
Authors: Levey Mark 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMalignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland are quite rare in children. Winship, in his classic article, could find only 562 cases in the literature. The histopathological patterns resemble those of the adult tumors. Despite early cervical metastasis, the prognosis in general is favorable, with many long‐term survivals. Prior exposure to radiation of the head and neck is a definite pre‐disposing factor.Teratomas of the neck are a medical curiosity — less than 100 cases are described in the literature. The vast majority of these are found during the neonatal period, and are benign histologically. These are usually large, cystic, bulky masses which produce mechanical obstruction of the upper airway and digestive tract. Only one of these tumors, described by Pupovac in 1896, has been considered malignant.A six‐year‐old child was examined with a right thyroid mass of three months' duration. The thyroid scan showed a “cold nodule.” At surgery, a well‐encapsulated mass was found. The pathology showed a predominance of malignant spindle cells, with areas of papillary carcinoma; however, there were well‐defined mucous glands present in the tumor. Clinically, the child has remained well and asymptomatic.The slides have been extensively reviewed. To my knowledge no such tumor has been previously described. The tumor is considered to be a malignant thyroid tumor growing out of teratomatous tissue.
“Practical suggestions on facial plastic surgery — How i do it” “threading” augmentation for facial wrinkles
Authors: Conley John J. , Clairmont Albert A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFor hundreds of years various types of sutures and threads have been placed in the human body by surgeons. The technique of thread augmentation involves the use of colorless absorbable (Vicryl) and non‐absorbable (Neurolon) suture material on a long, straight Keith needle tunneled sub‐dermally beneath prominent facial wrinkles in an effort to make the deep grooves less severe and to augment atrophic areas about the lips and oral commissures. This may be done as an isolated procedure or as an ancillary procedure at the time of a blepharoplasty or cervicofacial rhytidectomy.
Effects of radiation therapy on postoperative complications and adverse events in patients with head and neck reconstruction with flaps
Authors: Onoda Satoshi , Kimata Yoshihiro , Sugiyama Narushi , Onoda Tomoo , Mizukawa Nobuyoshi 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundRadiation therapy is an essential treatment for head and neck cancer. However, the condition of the operative field is entirely altered after radiation therapy. This study aimed to examine the effects of preoperative radiation therapy on complications in patients who underwent head and neck reconstruction with flaps.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 252 instances of head and neck reconstruction with flaps in 240 patients between October 2000 and May 2011 at Okayama University Hospital. Of the participants, 51 had preoperative radiation exposure (21.3%) and 189 had no radiation exposure (78.7%). Postoperative complications were divided into three categories: minor complications that healed with conservative medical treatment within 4 weeks without a need for surgery; major complications requiring reoperation within 1 week after surgery (reoperation); and major complications needing additional operation later than 1 week after surgery (additional operation).ResultsPreoperative radiation therapy was only associated with major complications requiring reoperation later than 1 week after surgery (P < 0.001), open cervical wounds (P = 0.0030), and skin grafting for cervical skin necrosis (P = 0.0031) when compared to no radiation exposure. The results of flap failure were not significantly different between both groups (P = 0.3820).ConclusionsMinor complications and reoperation in the early postoperative period were not influenced by radiation exposure. The complications of radiation tend to be protracted and associated with additional operation later than 1 week after the initial surgery. It was thought that shortening of the duration of treatment was successful when we needed to perform early additional operations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:516–521, 2014.
Mining Molecular Pharmacological Effects from Biomedical Text: a Case Study for Eliciting Anti‐Obesity/Diabetes Effects of Chemical Compounds
Authors: Dura Elzbieta , Muresan Sorel , Engkvist Ola , Blomberg Niklas , Chen Hongming 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn the pharmaceutical industry, efficiently mining pharmacological data from the rapidly increasing scientific literature is very crucial for many aspects of the drug discovery process such as target validation, tool compound selection etc. A quick and reliable way is needed to collect literature assertions of selected compounds’ biological and pharmacological effects in order to assist the hypothesis generation and decision‐making of drug developers. INFUSIS, the text mining system presented here, extracts data on chemical compounds from PubMed abstracts. It involves an extensive use of customized natural language processing besides a co‐occurrence analysis. As a proof‐of‐concept study, INFUSIS was used to search in abstract texts for several obesity/diabetes related pharmacological effects of the compounds included in a compound dictionary. The system extracts assertions regarding the pharmacological effects of each given compound and scores them by the relevance. For each selected pharmacological effect, the highest scoring assertions in 100 abstracts were manually evaluated, i.e. 800 abstracts in total. The overall accuracy for the inferred assertions was over 90 percent.
Set the Pace on the Data Highway
Authors: Arnold Steffen , Reiff Ellen‐Christine 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSome years ago, silicon photonics was already an important topic with regard to fast telecommunication solutions, today the focus lies more on datacom, implying that optical interconnect is not only used for long‐haul data transmission, but also for on‐chip communication, chip‐to‐chip, chip‐to‐board, and so on.
Measuring Extra‐thin Materials
Authors: Donges Axel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBy the use of thermal waves, the thickness of layers can be determined without contact and destruction. To this end, the surface of the layer is heated periodically by a modulated laser beam, and the resulting oscillation of the surface temperature is measured. The measuring principle corresponds to that of optical interferometry. Instead of light waves, however, strongly damped thermal waves are used. In this paper, we present the physical principles of this measuring method.
Detection of Suspicious Tissue Lesions
Authors: Dressler Cathrin , Reble Carina , Schleusener Johannes , Gersonde Ingo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRS based discrimination of diseased tissues from normal surroundings will facilitate diagnosis and treatment of precancers before malignant manifestations as see‐and‐treat procedures. In front of this aim, two RS setups were constructed suiting clinical application in dermatology and gynecology departments. Patients or patient materials were measured by RS, and Raman spectra were processed prior to spatial classification of spectra in correlation with the histolopathological findings.