bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operative factors associated with short‐term outcome in horses with large colon volvulus: 47 cases from 2006 to 2013
Authors: Gonzalez L. M. , Fogle C. A. , Baker W. T. , Hughes F. E. , Law J. M. , Motsinger‐Reif A. A. , Blikslager A. T. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyThere is an important need for objective parameters that accurately predict the outcome of horses with large colon volvulus.ObjectivesTo evaluate the predictive value of a series of histomorphometric parameters on short‐term outcome, as well as the impact of colonic resection on horses with large colon volvulus.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsAdult horses admitted to theEquine andFarmAnimalVeterinaryCenter atNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,Peterson andSmith andChinoValleyEquineHospitals between 2006 and 2013 that underwent an exploratory coeliotomy, diagnosed with large colon volvulus of ≥360 degrees, where a pelvic flexure biopsy was obtained, and that recovered from general anaesthesia, were selected for inclusion in the study. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between signalment, histomorphometric measurements of interstitium‐to‐crypt ratio, degree of haemorrhage, percentage loss of luminal and glandular epithelium, as well as colonic resection with short‐term outcome (discharge from the hospital).ResultsPelvic flexure biopsies from 47 horses with large colon volvulus were evaluated. Factors that were significantly associated with short‐term outcome on univariate logistic regression were Thoroughbred breed (P = 0.04), interstitium‐to‐crypt ratio >1 (P = 0.02) and haemorrhage score ≥3 (P = 0.005). Resection (P = 0.92) was not found to be associated significantly with short‐term outcome. No combined factors increased the likelihood of death in forward stepwise logistic regression modelling. A digitally quantified measurement of haemorrhage area strengthened the association of haemorrhage with nonsurvival in cases of large colon volvulus.ConclusionsHistomorphometric measurements of interstitium‐to‐crypt ratio and degree of haemorrhage predict short‐term outcome in cases of large colon volvulus. Resection was not associated with short‐term outcome in horses selected for this study. Accurate quantification of mucosal haemorrhage at the time of surgery may improve veterinary surgeons’ prognostic capabilities in horses with large colon volvulus.
OPDA isomerase GST16 is involved in phytohormone detoxification and insect development
Authors: Shabab Mohammed , Khan Sher A. , Vogel Heiko , Heckel David G. , Boland Wilhelm 
Published: April 2014

12‐Oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA), a well‐known phytohormone of the jasmonate family, has a reactive α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl structure which easily adds cellular nucleophiles (Michael addition), making OPDA potentially toxic for herbivores. The glutathione S‐transferase GST16 inactivates 12‐OPDA in the insect gut by isomerization to inactive iso‐OPDA. Quantitative tissue expression analysis showed that HarmGST16 transcripts were present in most larval tissues, including those of the midgut, fatbody and Malpighian tubules. Activity assays confirmed the presence of an active enzyme. Interestingly, feeding different diets to Helicoverpa armigera influenced gst16 expression levels in various tissues, and larvae fed wild‐type tobacco leaves had reduced gst16 mRNA levels. The temporal expression of HarmGST16 during larval development was high in the second instar and reduced during the third, fourth and fifth instars. Plant‐mediated RNA interference silencing of HarmGST16 retarded larval growth of H. armigera. Injecting cis‐OPDA into the hemolymph of larvae caused premature pupation. This result, as well as the finding that GST16 influenced the growth of insects, suggests that GST16 may play an important role in larval development.
Environmental cues and extended estuarine residence in seaward migrating eels (Anguilla australis)
Authors: Crook David A. , Macdonald Jed I. , Morrongiello John R. , Belcher Chris A. , Lovett Danny , Walker Adam , Nicol Simon J. 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Spawning migration by freshwater eels to their marine spawning grounds is widely considered to be direct and rapid; however, emerging evidence suggests that eel migratory behaviour is more complex than previously thought, with potential implications for eel conservation and management.

Over a 5‐year period, we tagged 97 yellow‐phase short‐finned eels Anguilla australis with acoustic transmitters in the freshwater reaches of a south‐eastern Australian river to: (i) examine environmental correlates associated with seaward migration; (ii) test the hypothesis that migration is rapid and direct once initiated and (iii) assess individual variation in behaviour associated with seaward migration.

Twenty‐three of the tagged eels migrated from fresh water into the estuary, whilst the remainder stayed within fresh water. Movement was detected primarily at night and eels entered the estuary throughout the year, with an increase in frequency over summer and following high river flows. Time in the estuary ranged from 1 to 305 days (median: 77 days). Movement into the sea was influenced primarily by the lunar phase, and to a lesser degree by water temperature, and occurred from late summer to early autumn.

The extended residence and complex movements of migrating eels in the estuary suggest that they are considerably more vulnerable to exploitation than would be predicted by the generalised eel migration model of direct movement out to sea.
Ancient DNA sheds new light on the Svalbard foraminiferal fossil record of the last millennium
Authors: Pawłowska J. , Lejzerowicz F. , Esling P. , Szczuciński W. , Zajączkowski M. , Pawlowski J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRecent palaeogenetic studies have demonstrated the occurrence of preserved ancient DNA (aDNA) in various types of fossilised material. Environmental aDNA sequences assigned to modern species have been recovered from marine sediments dating to the Pleistocene. However, the match between the aDNA and the fossil record still needs to be evaluated for the environmental DNA approaches to be fully exploited. Here, we focus on foraminifera in sediments up to one thousand years old retrieved from the Hornsund fjord (Svalbard). We compared the diversity of foraminiferal microfossil assemblages with the diversity of aDNA sequenced from subsurface sediment samples using both cloning and high‐throughput sequencing (HTS). Our study shows that 57% of the species archived in the fossil record were also detected in the aDNA data. However, the relative abundance of aDNA sequence reads and fossil specimens differed considerably. We also found a limited match between the stratigraphic occurrence of some fossil species and their aDNA sequences, especially in the case of rare taxa. The aDNA data comprised a high proportion of non‐fossilised monothalamous species, which are known to dominate in modern foraminiferal communities of the Svalbard region. Our results confirm the relevance of HTS for studying past micro‐eukaryotic diversity and provide insight into its ability to reflect fossil assemblages. Palaeogenetic studies including aDNA analyses of non‐fossilised groups expand the range of palaeoceanographical proxies and therefore may increase the accuracy of palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.
Water use and yield of bioenergy poplar in future climates: modelling the interactive effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and climate on productivity and water use
Authors: Oliver Rebecca J. , Blyth Eleanor , Taylor Gail , Finch Jon W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractVegetation exerts large control on global biogeochemical cycles through the processes of photosynthesis and transpiration that exchange CO2 and water between the land and the atmosphere. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations exert direct effects on vegetation through enhanced photosynthesis and reduced stomatal conductance, and indirect effects through changes in climatic variables that drive these processes. How these direct and indirect CO2 impacts interact with each other to affect plant productivity and water use has not been explicitly analysed and remains unclear, yet is important to fully understand the response of the global carbon cycle to future climate change. Here, we use a set of factorial modelling experiments to quantify the direct and indirect impacts of atmospheric CO2 and their interaction on yield and water use in bioenergy short rotation coppice poplar, in addition to quantifying the impact of other environmental drivers such as soil type. We use the JULES land‐surface model forced with a ten‐member ensemble of projected climate change for 2100 with atmospheric CO2 concentrations representative of the A1B emissions scenario. We show that the simulated response of plant productivity to future climate change was nonadditive in JULES, however this nonadditivity was not apparent for plant transpiration. The responses of both growth and transpiration under all experimental scenarios were highly variable between sites, highlighting the complexity of interactions between direct physiological CO2 effects and indirect climate effects. As a result, no general pattern explaining the response of bioenergy poplar water use and yield to future climate change could be discerned across sites. This study suggests attempts to infer future climate change impacts on the land biosphere from studies that force with either the direct or indirect CO2 effects in isolation from each other may lead to incorrect conclusions in terms of both the direction and magnitude of plant response to future climate change.
Physical performance and quality of life in single and recurrent fallers: Data from the Improving Medication Prescribing to Reduce Risk of Falls study
Authors: Boyé Nicole DA , Mattace‐Raso Francesco US , Van Lieshout Esther MM , Hartholt Klaas A , Van Beeck Ed F , Van der Cammen Tischa JM 
Published: April 2014

AimAlthough guidelines regarding falls prevention make a clear distinction between single and recurrent fallers, differences in functional status, physical performance, and quality of life in single and recurrent fallers have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we investigated the differences in functional status, physical performance and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) between single and recurrent fallers.MethodsFrom October 2008 to October 2011, 616 community‐dwelling older adults who visited the emergency department as a result of a fall were enrolled. Physical performance was assessed with the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test, the Five Times Sit to Stand (FTSS) test, handgrip strength and the tandem stand test. Functional status was measured using the activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living scales. HRQoL was measured using the European Quality of Life five dimensions (EQ‐5D), and the Short Form‐12 version 2. A general linear model was used to compare the means of the scores.ResultsRecurrent falls in community‐dwelling older adults were associated with poorer physical performance as measured by the TUG test (P < 0.001), FTSS test (P = 0.011), handgrip strength (P < 0.001) and tandem stand (P < 0.001), and lower HRQoL scores as measured by the EQ‐5D (P = 0.006) and SF‐12 (P = 0.006 and P = 0.012).ConclusionThe present findings provide further evidence that recurrent fallers have poorer physical performance and quality of life than single fallers. Recurrent falls might be a symptom of underlying disease and frailty, and reason for further assessment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 350–355.
Impact of cognitive reserve on the progression of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease in Japan
Authors: Osone Akira , Arai Reiko , Hakamada Rina , Shimoda Kazutaka 
Published: April 2014

AimThe present study aimed to investigate whether cognitive reserve (CR), referring here to education and premorbid intelligence (IQ), is associated with the risk for progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsA total of 51 patients with MCI and 59 patients with AD were prospectively enrolled for assessment with the Mini‐Mental State Examination, the Japanese version of the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, the Japanese version of the Nelson Adult Reading Test (JART), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), adjusting for sex, age at diagnosis, age at onset and duration of illness.ResultsSPECT findings showed hypoperfusion in the posterior cingulate gyri and precunei, suggesting that the participants were in the early or mild stage of AD or MCI. Voxel‐based morphometry MRI showed no statistical differences between the two groups in gray matter loss in the entorhinal and hippocampal areas; however, multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant difference in premorbid IQ measured with JART.ConclusionDespite the limitations of the cross‐sectional design, the findings suggest that premorbid intellectual function might explain the discrepancy in clinical status between MCI and AD patients with a similar magnitude of brain pathology and comorbid medical disorders. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 428–434.
Behavioral and Mind/Body Interventions in Headache: Unanswered Questions and Future Research Directions
Authors: Wells Rebecca E. , Smitherman Todd A. , Seng Elizabeth K. , Houle Timothy T. , Loder Elizabeth W. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundMany unanswered questions remain regarding behavioral and mind/body interventions in the treatment of primary headache disorders in adults.MethodsWe reviewed the literature to ascertain the most pressing unanswered research questions regarding behavioral and mind/body interventions for headache.ResultsWe identify the most pressing unanswered research questions in this field, describe ideal and practical ways to address these questions, and outline steps needed to facilitate these research efforts. We discuss proposed mechanisms of action of behavioral and mind/body interventions and outline goals for future research in this field.ConclusionsAlthough challenges arise from the complex nature of the interventions under study, research that adheres to published study design and reporting standards and focuses closely on answering key questions is most likely to lead to progress in achieving these goals.
Cytokeratin 7/19 expression in N‐diethylnitrosamine‐induced mouse hepatocellular lesions: implications for histogenesis
Authors: Santos Nuno P. , Oliveira Paula A. , Arantes‐Rodrigues Regina , Faustino‐Rocha Ana I. , Colaço Aura , Lopes Carlos , Gil da Costa Rui M. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy with poor clinical outcome, whose histogenesis is the subject of intense debate. Specifically, expression of cytokeratins (CKs) 7 and 19, associated with aggressive biological behaviour, is proposed to reflect a possible progenitor cell origin or tumour dedifferentiation towards a primitive phenotype. This work addresses that problem by studying CKs 7 and 19 expression in N‐diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced mouse HCCs. ICR mice were divided into six DEN‐exposed and six matched control groups. Samples were taken from each group at consecutive time points. Hyperplastic foci (13 lesions) occurred at 29–40 weeks (groups 8, 10 and 12) with diffuse dysplastic areas (19 lesions) and with one hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) (at 29 weeks). HCCs (4 lesions) were observed 40 weeks after the first DEN administration (group 12). CKs 7 and 19 showed identical expression patterns and located to large, mature hepatocytes, isolated or in small clusters. Hyperplastic foci and the single HCA were consistently negative for both markers, while dysplastic areas and HCCs were positive. These results support the hypothesis that CKs 7 and 19 expression in hepatocellular malignancies results from a dedifferentiation process rather than from a possible progenitor cell origin.
Early effect of dutasteride added to alpha‐1 blocker therapy for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Araki Kazuhiro , Naya Yukio , Inahara Masahiko , Suzuki Fumio , Ota Syo , Tsuji Hirokatsu , Mikami Kazuo , Yanagisawa Mitsuru , Awa Yusuke , Suzuki Hiroyoshi 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the hypothesis that 5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitors exert early ameliorative effects on voiding and storage symptoms in men with lower urinary tract symptom‐associated benign prostatic hyperplasia.MethodsThis was a prospective study involving the participation of eight outpatient clinics in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The patients received dutasteride (0.5 mg) once daily orally for 24 weeks as an add‐on to their ongoing therapy with an alpha‐1 blocker. The study patients recorded their urinary symptoms every day for 14 days after starting dutasteride. The International Prostate Symptom Score, prostate volume, uroflowmetry results, and residual urine volume were checked at 3 and 6 months after starting dutasteride.ResultsA total of eighty‐eight patients participated in the present study; 74 were eligible for analysis of the early effects of dutasteride. The median age was 69.6 years (range 54–89), the median prostate volume was 50.3 mL (range 24.7–103.3) and the median International Prostate Symptom Score was 17.6 (range 8–35). The proportion of patients with International Prostate Symptom Score improvements (≥3 points, or ≥25%) or 3 points or more decreased International Prostate Symptom Score were defined effective, 37 (50.0%) and 47 (63.5%) experienced improvement at 1 month after administration, respectively.ConclusionThis is the first prospective clinical study to show the early beneficial effects of 5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptom‐associated benign prostatic hyperplasia. Patients with severe symptoms were found to be responsive to dutasteride. The influence of the placebo effect was not denied. Further study is necessary.
Do Better Capitalized Banks Lend Less? Long‐Run Panel Evidence from Germany
Authors: Buch Claudia M. , Prieto Esteban 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHigher capital features prominently in proposals for regulatory reform. But how does increased bank capital affect business loans? The real costs of increased bank capital in terms of reduced loans are widely believed to be substantial. But the negative real‐sector implications need not be severe. In this paper, we take a long‐run perspective by analysing the link between the capitalization of the banking sector and bank loans using panel cointegration models. We study the evolution of the German economy for the past 44 years. Higher bank capital tends to be associated with higher business loan volume, and we find no evidence for a negative effect. This result holds both for pooled regressions as well as for the individual banking groups in Germany.
Sovereign Yield Spreads During the Euro Crisis: Fundamental Factors Versus Redenomination Risk
Authors: Klose Jens , Weigert Benjamin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe intensity of the euro crisis has been reflected in significant increases in sovereign bond yields in the most troubled countries. This has triggered a debate over whether this increase can be attributed solely to fundamental factors or whether part of the increase represents redenomination risk that one or more countries will drop out of the European Monetary Union and reintroduce their own national currencies. Using a novel market‐based indicator from the virtual prediction market Intrade, this paper explores whether such systemic risk is present in the yield spreads of nine euro‐area countries. We find that redenomination risk has played a role in the determination of sovereign yields, and that this risk is related to the expected valuations of newly introduced currencies: those of Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Italy are expected to depreciate, while newly introduced currencies of other countries are expected to appreciate following a break‐up of the EMU.
‘Risk premia that are related to fears of the reversibility of the Euro are unacceptable, and they need to be addressed in a fundamental manner.’ (ECB President Mario Draghi, August 2012)
‘Es gibt fundamentale Zweifel der Märkte an der Sicherheit der Währungsunion.’ There are fundamental doubts on the financial markets about the integrity of the [European] monetary union. (Bundesbank President Jens Weidmann, 10 July 2012)
Communications Challenges for Multi‐Tasking Central Banks: Evidence, Implications
Authors: Siklos Pierre L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe communications challenges facing central banks that share macroprudential responsibilities with other agencies are daunting. Central bank surveys and an index of central bank transparency reveal that central banks have adopted the necessary institutional arrangements to communicate effectively a price stability objective. However, their communications strategy is ill suited to dealing with financial stability issues. Recent events require a departure from the pre‐crisis narrative that entailed a predictable relationship between inflation and output gaps, of which financial stability was considered a by‐product. I argue that central banks should adopt a hybrid form of inflation and price level targeting as well as require that macroprudential regulators jointly communicate their determination to act in concert, especially when the financial system is under stress. The current practice of announcing the rationale for the setting of monetary policy instruments is no longer an effective communication strategy when central banks must also evince a concern for financial stability.
What Is a Prime Bank? A Euribor–OIS Spread Perspective
Authors: Taboga Marco 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSince the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2007, the level and volatility of the Euribor–OIS spreads have increased significantly. According to the literature, this variability is mainly explained by credit and liquidity risk premia. I provide evidence that part of the variability might also be explained by ambiguity in the phrasing of the Euribor survey. The participants in the survey are asked at what rate they believe interbank funds are exchanged between prime banks; given the lack of a clear definition of a prime bank, this question might leave room for subjective judgment. In particular, I find evidence that some of the variability of the Euribor rates might be explained by changes in the survey participants' perception of what a prime bank is. This evidence adds to the difficulties already encountered by previous studies in identifying and measuring exactly the determinants of the Euribor rates. I argue that these difficulties are at odds with the clarity, simplicity and replicability that should be required of a widely used financial benchmark.