bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing and Facilitating Self‐Efficacious Behaviors in Distance Learning Environments
Authors: Derrick M. Gail , Ponton Michael K. , Carr Paul B. 
Published: January 2013

The need to understand contemporary adult learners and the methods that promote continual, sustained learning is of paramount importance particularly for doctoral programs, but more specifically for online doctoral programs. The online format is viewed as an alternative way to learn in a technologically driven society that focuses on time, opportunity, and convenience as critical considerations for learning endeavors. An examination of the factors associated with attrition in doctoral programs includes understanding and confronting personal and institutional barriers to successful matriculation. Researchers have identified general characteristics of effective graduate students such as motivation, attitude, collegiality, writing/communication skills, values and integrity ( Walpole, Burton, Kanyi, & Jackenthal, 2002 ) but have not established a clear understanding of the specific characteristics that facilitate or obstruct enduring and sustained learning. This paper proposes a conceptual model that includes attributes of learner autonomy (desire, resourcefulness, initiative, and persistence in learning) as influential mediators of self‐efficacy and motivation for learning and may improve retention and completion rates in higher education.
Deep eutectic solvents as both active fillers and monomers for frontal polymerization
Authors: Mota‐Morales Josué D. , Gutiérrez María C. , Ferrer M. Luisa , Sanchez Isaac C. , Elizalde‐Peña Eduardo A. , Pojman John A. , Monte Francisco Del , Luna‐Bárcenas Gabriel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on the mixtures of a variety of ammonium salts and hydrogen bond donors containing acrylic acids and acrylamides are capable of sustaining frontal polymerization (FP). The selection of ammonium salt affects the reactivity and allows FP at relatively low temperature but with full conversion. Also, full conversion allows us to use these polymers for biomedical applications (e.g., drug delivery systems) as the unreactive ammonium salts can be released from the resulting polymer without by‐products. We call these components “active fillers,” which can be ammonium salts with biological or pharmaceutical importance. For instance, we prepared poly(acrylic acid) loaded with lidocaine hydrochloride (a common anesthetic), the release of which was found to occur in a controlled fashion. The ammonium salts also create a sufficiently high viscosity to suppress buoyancy‐driven convection without additional materials. The DES here described played an all‐in‐one role, providing the monomer, the active filler, and the polymerization medium for FPs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Photoluminescence of X‐ray irradiated CdSe nanocrystals embedded in dielectric matrices
Authors: Prymak M. V. , Azhniuk Yu. M. , Zvenigorodsky V. V. , Krasilinets V. M. , Rayevska O. E. , Stroyuk O. L. , Gomonnai A. V. , Zahn D. R. T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe effect of X‐ray irradiation (up to 3200 Gy) on the photoluminescence (PL) of CdSe nanocrystals embedded in polyacrylamide and borosilicate glass matrices is studied. In both cases no PL quenching is observed: for the polyacrylamide‐embedded CdSe nanocrystals the PL intensity remains stable, while for the borosilicate glass‐embedded nanocrystals it increases somewhat. The obtained PL behavior correlates well with the optical absorption data. This testifies to the radiation stability of the optical characteristics of CdSe nanocrystals in polyacrylamide and irradiation‐induced charge transfer between the nanocrystals and the borosilicate glass.
Single file reciprocating technique using conventional nickel–titanium rotary endodontic files
Authors: Jin So‐Youn , Lee WooCheol , Kang Mo K. , Hur Bock , Kim Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThis study was aimed to evaluate the applicability of a reciprocating movement technique with conventional nickel–titanium files for root canal preparation. Forty‐four simulated canals in resin blocks were used in this study and divided as following four groups according to the instruments used and preparation methods. Group CP (n = 12) and CR (n = 12) were instrumented with continuous rotation using four files of ProFile and RaCe, respectively. Group RP (n = 10) and RR (n = 10) were instrumented with a reciprocation movement by using a single ProFile and RaCe file, respectively. The resin blocks were scanned before and after instrumentation, and the images were superimposed. To compare the efficiency of canal shaping, the preparation time, and centering ratio were calculated. Morphologic changes of tested files were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test at p < 0.05. The preparation time was markedly shorter in Groups RP and RR than in Groups CP and CR. No significant difference in the centering ratio was noted between groups. Although the files used for Groups CP and CR showed no distortion under the SEM evaluation, the files used for Groups RP and RR had considerable torsional distortion. This study suggests that the reciprocating instrumentation technique using conventional nickel–titanium rotary file systems might have a comparable efficacy for the root canal shaping with reduced shaping time. Although the reciprocating technique seems to be an effective alternative to the conventional rotation technique, the risk of torsional distortion and fracture should be considered before clinical application. SCANNING 9999:1–9, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. SCANNING 35:349–354, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An efficient intrusion detection framework in cluster‐based wireless sensor networks
Authors: Sedjelmaci Hichem , Senouci Sidi Mohammed , Feham Mohammed 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIn the last few years, the technological evolution in the field of wireless sensor networks was impressive, which made them extremely useful in various applications (military, commercial, etc.). In such applications, it is essential to protect the network from malicious attacks. This presents a demand for providing security mechanisms in these vulnerable networks. In this paper, we design a new framework for intrusion detection in cluster‐based wireless sensor networks. Our detection framework is composed of different protocols that run at different levels. The first protocol is a specification‐based detection protocol that runs at intrusion detection system (IDS) agents (low level). The second one is a binary classification detection protocol that runs at cluster head (CH) node (medium level). In addition, a reputation protocol is used at each CH to evaluate the trustworthiness level of its IDSs agents. Each CH monitors its CH neighbors on the basis of a specification detection protocol with the help of a vote mechanism applied at the base station (high level). We evaluated the performances of our framework in the presence of four well‐known attacks: hello flood, selective forwarding, black hole, and wormhole attacks. We evaluated specifically the detection rate, false positive rate, energy consumption, and efficiency. Simulation results show that our detection framework exhibits high detection rate (almost 100%), low number of false positives, less time to detect the attack, and less energy consumption. Our intrusion detection framework outperforms other schemes proposed in the literature in terms of detection, false positive rate, and energy consumption. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defending return‐oriented programming based on virtualization techniques
Authors: Jia Xiaoqi , Wang Rui , Jiang Jun , Zhang Shengzhi , Liu Peng 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTOver the past few years, return‐oriented programming (ROP) has drawn great attention of both academia and industry. Because of its Turing completeness, ROP reuses short instruction sequences already present in the victim program's address space to perform arbitrary computation. Hence, it can successfully bypass state‐of‐the‐art code integrity check mechanisms. In this paper, we look into using virtualization technologies to defeat return‐oriented programming. We design and implement HyperCropII, a virtualization‐based automatic runtime approach to defend such attacks. ROP attackers extract short instruction sequences ending in ret called “gadgets” and craft stack content to “chain” these gadgets together. We observe that a key characteristic of ROP is to fill the stack with plenty of addresses that are within the range of the program's libraries. Accordingly, we inspect the content of the stack to see if a potential ROP attack exists and quarantine the damages for further security purposes. We have implemented a proof‐of‐concept system based on the open source Xen hypervisor. The evaluation results exhibit that our solution is effective and efficient. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Using Twitter
Authors: Barone Diane M. , Mallette Marla H. 
Published: January 2013

The Editors of The Reading Teacher introduce a new column, “By Educators, for Educators” through sharing ideas from the Interesting Ways series edte.ch/blog/interesting-ways/. Curated by Tom Barrett, the Interesting Ways Series is an example of crowdsourcing or the power collaborative thought. The Interesting Ways Series has more than 30 topics, with new ideas continually added via EDTECH at edte.ch/blog/ and Twitter. It is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3.0 License, allowing collaborators to share the work as well as add ideas. Therefore, the ideas for using different types of technology in the classroom are added via open source, with some more applicable than others. This column presents interesting ways to ue Twitter for teaching and learning literacy.
Reading Workshop 2.0: Children's Literature in the Digital Age
Authors: Serafini Frank , Youngs Suzette 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAs readers encounter children's literature in new formats and modes of delivery, the basic processes of reading, sharing, discussing and analyzing texts will change. Because of these changes, new instructional approaches and resources will be required to support the development of young readers in a Reading Workshop 2.0 environment. In a Reading Workshop 2.0 environment, readers might read children's picturebooks and novels on e‐readers, share their ideas on web‐based discussion boards and analyze texts using digital tools and resources.
“It is Hard Fun”: Scaffolded Biography Writing With English Learners
Authors: Pavlak Christina M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUsing Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) as a theoretical framework, a team of university staff and educators at a traditionally under‐performing urban elementary school built a collaboration aimed at enhancing writing instruction. The current qualitative research study, which was part of this larger project, focused on biography writing in Eva Rodriguez's third grade sheltered English immersion (SEI) class. To enhance language learning, reading comprehension, and writing skills, the teacher and students deconstructed and jointly constructed biographical text. Students gained a nuanced understanding of the demands of the genre and acquired essential information about persons of study. They were then able to write biographies independently. The purpose of this study was to show how Eva's uniquely scaffolded instruction served as an apprenticeship and influenced English learners’ ability to write in the genre of study.
Differential adhesion in model systems
Authors: Foty Ramsey A. , Steinberg Malcolm S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDuring embryonic development, cells or groups of cells migrate from their locations of origin to assume their correct anatomical positions. Intercellular adhesion plays an active and instructive role in orchestrating this process. Precisely how adhesion provides spatial positioning information is a subject of intense interest. In the 1960s, Steinberg proposed the differential adhesion hypothesis (DAH) to explain how differences in the intensity of cell adhesion could give rise to predictable spatial interactions between different cell types. The DAH is grounded in the same set of physical principles governing the interaction of immiscible fluids and thus provides a rigorous conceptual framework connecting the chemistry of cell adhesion to the physics underlying cell and tissue segregation. Testing the DAH required the development of methods to measure intercellular cohesion and of assays to accurately assess relative spatial position between cells. The DAH has been experimentally verified and computationally simulated. Moreover, evidence concerning the role of differential adhesion in a number of morphodynamic events is accumulating. It is clear that differential adhesion is a major driving force in various aspects of embryonic development, but recent studies have also advanced the concept that other factors, such as cortical tension and elasticity, may also be involved in fine tuning, or even driving the process. It is likely that an interplay between adhesion and these other factors co‐operate to generate the forces required for tissue self‐organization. WIREs Dev Biol 2013, 2:631–645. doi: 10.1002/wdev.104This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cell Sorting and Boundary Formation
Early Embryonic Development > Gastrulation and Neurulation
Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan
The Impact of a Ketogenic Diet and Liver Dysfunction on Serum Very Long‐Chain Fatty Acids Levels
Authors: Stradomska T. J. , Bachański M. , Pawłowska J. , Syczewska M. , Stolarczyk A. , Tylki‐Szymańska A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPeroxisomes play an essential role in mammalian cellular metabolism, particularly in oxidation fatty acid pathways. Serum very long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFA), the main biochemical diagnostic parameters for peroxisomal disorders, were examined in 25 neurological patients with epilepsy on a ketogenic diet and 27 patients with liver dysfunction. The data show that patients on a ketogenic diet have increased levels of C22:0 and C24:0, but not C26:0, and normal C24:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0. Patients with liver insufficiency showed a slightly elevated level of C26:0, a normal level of C24:0 and a decreased level of C22:0; thus in 21/27 the ratio of C24:0/C22:0 was increased and 15/27 the ratio of C26:0/C22:0 was increased.
Florbetapir (F18‐AV‐45) PET to assess amyloid burden in Alzheimer's disease dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and normal aging
Authors: Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Gidicsin Christopher M. , Carmasin Jeremy S. , Maye Jacqueline E. , Coleman Ralph E. , Reiman Eric M. , Sabbagh Marwan N. , Sadowsky Carl H. , Fleisher Adam S. , Murali Doraiswamy P. , Carpenter Alan P. , Clark Christopher M. , Joshi Abhinay D. , Lu Ming , Grundman Michel , Mintun Mark A. , Pontecorvo Michel J. , Skovronsky Daniel M. ,   AV45‐A11 study group
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance characteristics of florbetapir F18 positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy control subjects (HCs).MethodsFlorbetapir PET was acquired in 184 subjects (45 AD patients, 60 MCI patients, and 79 HCs) within a multicenter phase 2 study. Amyloid burden was assessed visually and quantitatively, and was classified as positive or negative.ResultsFlorbetapir PET was rated visually amyloid positive in 76% of AD patients, 38% of MCI patients, and 14% of HCs. Eighty‐four percent of AD patients, 45% of MCI patients, and 23% of HCs were classified as amyloid positive using a quantitative threshold. Amyloid positivity and mean cortical amyloid burden were associated with age and apolipoprotein E ε4 carrier status.ConclusionsThe data are consistent with expected rates of amyloid positivity among individuals with clinical diagnoses of AD and MCI, and indicate the potential value of florbetapir F18 PET as an adjunct to clinical diagnosis.
Focal hemosiderin deposits and β‐amyloid load in the ADNI cohort
Authors: Kantarci Kejal , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Weigand Stephen D. , Senjem Matthew S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Aisen Paul S. , Jagust William J. , Weiner Michael W. , Jack Clifford R. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2013

BackgroundPrevalence and risk factors for focal hemosiderin deposits are important considerations when planning amyloid‐modifying trials for treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsSubjects were cognitively normal (n = 171), early‐mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 240), late‐MCI (n = 111), and AD (n = 40) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Microhemorrhages and superficial siderosis were assessed at baseline and on all available MRIs at 3, 6, and 12 months. β‐amyloid load was assessed with 18F‐florbetapir positron emission tomography.ResultsPrevalence of superficial siderosis was 1% and prevalence of microhemorrhages was 25% increasing with age (P < .001) and β‐amyloid load (P < .001). Topographic densities of microhemorrhages were highest in the occipital lobes and lowest in the deep/infratentorial regions. A greater number of microhemorrhages at baseline was associated with a greater annualized rate of additional microhemorrhages by last follow‐up (rank correlation = 0.49; P < .001).ConclusionsFocal hemosiderin deposits are relatively common in the ADNI cohort and are associated with β‐amyloid load.
A community psychology of object meanings: Identity negotiation during disaster recovery
Authors: Baker Stacey Menzel , Hill Ronald Paul 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWhat do material goods intended for personal consumption mean to community? We use the extreme example of natural disaster recovery in a community to explore this question. Our work describes how members make sense of material objects that transition from private to public possessions (damaged goods) and public to private possessions (donated goods). By blending consumer and community psychology perspectives with our narratives, we employ a three‐dimensional framework for analyzing object meanings: (1) material objects as agents of communitas (a shared sense of “we”), (2) material objects as agents of individualism (a focus on “me”), and (3) material objects as agents of opposition (the “we” that speaks for “me” and “us” versus “them”). This theoretical frame allows us to show how different conceptions of identity lead to conflicting meanings of objects within community, and to explain how and why object meanings shift as objects move across time and space from private to public and from scarcity to abundance. We also provide implications for coping with disasters that consider collective and individual identities as well as oppositional stances in between.
Integrierte Versorgung: Wo stehen wir? Eine Public Health orientierte Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Hildebrandt Helmut 
Published: January 2013

Einleitung
Mit der Einführung der Integrierten Versorgung (IV) im Jahr 2000 verband sich die Hoffnung auf die Entwicklung von Versorgungsinnovationen. Zwölf Jahre später ist es an der Zeit, zu überprüfen, ob sich das Modell bewährt hat. Der Verfasser – selber aus dem Public Health Bereich kommend und an der Einführung der IV in 2000 beteiligt – sieht sie als Chance für einen Wettbewerb um die besten Gesundheits-Outcomes bei gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung von Effizienzkriterien und einem Höchstmaß an Patientenorientierung. Im folgenden Beitrag gibt er einen Überblick über die bisherige Entwicklung der IV und entwickelt ein Public Health orientiertes Raster zur Bewertung der Modelle. Er kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich zwar viele durchaus interessante Versorgungsinnovationen entwickelt haben. Das Potenzial der IV für eine Reformierung des deutschen Gesundheitssystems wurde bisher aber nur zu einem Bruchteil genutzt.
Access to Musculoskeletal Specialists and Resources in Free and Charitable Clinics: A Survey of Clinic Directors
Authors: Khadavi Michael J. , Matthews Ryan L. , Gottlieb Karen , Conway Robert , Davis Wade , Parker Jerry C. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the capabilities and resources of free and charitable clinics in the United States to deliver musculoskeletal care to an indigent population.DesignA voluntary, anonymous, cross‐sectional survey.SettingElectronic mailing list for the National Association of Free and Charitable Clinics in September 2011, and in person at the Annual Summit for the National Association of Free and Charitable Clinics in October 2011. At the time of survey, 427 member‐clinics were eligible for participation.ParticipantsOne hundred forty‐five (34%) respondents were included in data analysis.InterventionsNone.Main Outcome MeasuresAnswers to a questionnaire regarding access to musculoskeletal care.ResultsThe average annual clinic volume was 5690 patient visits. Low back pain was the most common orthopedic complaint. Access to musculoskeletal specialty consultants was rated as poor or worse in 83% of clinics surveyed. The majority of respondents (63%) believed that their staff was able to treat only half or fewer of the patients who presented with musculoskeletal complaints in their clinic. The resource most needed to treat these conditions was musculoskeletal physician consultants.ConclusionsIndigent populations have a strong need for musculoskeletal care, but affordable access to physiatrists and other musculoskeletal specialists is extremely limited. Personnel at surveyed clinics believed that the greatest need to improve care is better access to these specialty physicians.
Dimensions of random affine code tree fractals
Authors: JÄRVENPÄÄ ESA , JÄRVENPÄÄ MAARIT , KÄENMÄKI ANTTI , KOIVUSALO HENNA , STENFLO ÖRJAN , SUOMALA VILLE 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe study the dimension of code tree fractals, a class of fractals generated by a set of iterated function systems. We first consider deterministic affine code tree fractals, extending to the code tree fractal setting the classical result of Falconer and Solomyak on the Hausdorff dimension of self-affine fractals generated by a single iterated function system. We then calculate the almost sure Hausdorff, packing and box counting dimensions of a general class of random affine planar code tree fractals. The set of probability measures describing the randomness includes natural measures in random $V$-variable and homogeneous Markov constructions.
COMMUTATIVITY DEGREE OF A CLASS OF FINITE GROUPS AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: NATH RAJAT KANTI 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe commutativity degree of a finite group is the probability that two randomly chosen group elements commute. The object of this paper is to compute the commutativity degree of a class of finite groups obtained by semidirect product of two finite abelian groups. As a byproduct of our result, we provide an affirmative answer to an open question posed by Lescot.
FROM NIEO TO NOW AND THE UNFINISHABLE STORY OF ECONOMIC JUSTICE
Authors: Salomon Margot E 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWhy have attempts to bring development aspirations to bear on international law over a period of 50 years come to far less than any reasonable person would hope? The early claims for a New International Economic Order and permanent sovereignty by developing countries over their natural resources, efforts to delineate a body of international development law, followed by the affirmation of a human right to development, were all attempts to have economic justice reflected in international law. Figures on world poverty and inequality suggest that international law accommodated no such restructuring. This article explores why it is international law has failed the poor of the world, and what interests it has served in their stead.