bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the bottle to the skin: challenges in evaluating antioxidants
Authors: Chen Lucy L. , Wang Steven Q. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryEndogenous production and ultraviolet‐generated free radicals in the skin can lead to photoaging and even skin cancer. Topical antioxidants have been found to provide benefits against ultraviolet damage and these ingredients have been incorporated into various cosmetic products and claimed to have substantial effects. Currently, there is a lack in a standardized rating system to measure the concentration and activity levels of antioxidants in these products. As a result, it is difficult for consumers and clinicians to evaluate and select commercial products based on readily accessible evidence. In this review, we will describe four assays which have been used to measure antioxidants in various products, and the strengths and weaknesses of each test will be detailed. We will highlight key considerations for clinicians when interpreting the results of antioxidant tests when evaluating commercial products containing antioxidants.
Ciprofloxacin‐induced phototoxicity in an adult cystic fibrosis population
Authors: Tolland Julia P. , Murphy Bryan P. , Boyle Julie , Hall Valerie , McKenna Kevin E. , Elborn J. Stuart 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe incidence of phototoxicity as a side effect of ciprofloxacin appears to be increased in patients with cystic fibrosis compared to the general population (approximately 2.4%). We used an interview‐based questionnaire to determine the incidence of such phototoxic skin reactions in cystic fibrosis patients. Results from 105 respondents revealed the incidence of ciprofloxacin‐induced phototoxicity in the adult cystic fibrosis population in Northern Ireland to be 48.4% with only 66% of the patients recalling being given sun care information beforehand. We concluded that the incidence of phototoxicity is increased in patients with cystic fibrosis and that it is important for all to receive good sun care information prior to taking ciprofloxacin given the high risk of developing phototoxic rash.
Ambulatory photodynamic therapy using low irradiance inorganic light‐emitting diodes for the treatment of non‐melanoma skin cancer: an open study
Authors: Ibbotson Sally Helen , Ferguson James 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground/PurposeConventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be inconvenient and uncomfortable. We studied low irradiance PDT using an ambulatory inorganic light‐emitting diode.MethodsFifty‐three patients with 61 lesions [superficial basal cell carcinoma (n = 30), Bowen's disease (n = 30), and actinic keratosis (AK; n = 1)] were studied. Two treatments of ambulatory PDT were undertaken 1 week apart (one treatment for AK). Clinical response was determined at 3 months, and the treatment cycle was repeated if there was residual disease. The endpoints assessed were pain during treatment (numerical rating scale (NRS); 0–10) and outcome at 1 year. Twenty‐three of these patients also received conventional PDT to separate lesions.ResultsThe median NRS pain scores during first and second treatment were 2 (range 0–9) and 4 (0–9), respectively. Lesion clearance rate at 1 year after ambulatory PDT was 84% (21/25 lesions in 22 patients). Of the twenty‐three patients treated with both ambulatory and conventional PDT, the median NRS was 1 (0–7) and 5 (1.5–9), respectively, with most patients preferring ambulatory PDT.ConclusionAmbulatory PDT is effective for superficial non‐melanoma skin cancer, with 1 year clearance rates comparative to conventional PDT. Low irradiance ambulatory PDT may be less painful and more convenient than conventional PDT.
Narrowband UVB as an effective substitute for psoralen plus UVA: lessons from a psoralen shortage
Authors: Drucker Aaron M. , Baibergenova Akerke , Rosen Cheryl F. , Shear Neil H. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryFrom March to August 2010, there was a shortage of encapsulated liquid 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP), the psoralen used for bath psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) in Toronto, Canada. Patients were forced to discontinue bath PUVA treatment and were transitioned to other therapeutic modalities, including narrowband UVB (nbUVB). A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients who discontinued bath PUVA due to the unavailability of 8‐MOP, with a focus on those who were switched to nbUVB. Sixty‐three patients discontinued PUVA, 39 of whom were switched to nbUVB. Fifteen of 17 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) who were switched to nbUVB improved, and patients with earlier‐stage disease were more likely to improve. Ten of 13 (77%) psoriasis patients improved with nbUVB, including two patients whose psoriasis cleared completely. All three small‐plaque parapsoriasis patients who switched to nbUVB had complete clearance of their lesions. In conclusion, nbUVB may be a suitable alternative for patients with MF, small‐plaque parapsoriasis and psoriasis who cannot access PUVA therapy.
Is the pain of topical photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate any different from that with 5‐aminolaevulinic acid?
Authors: Ibbotson Sally H. , Valentine Ronan , Hearn Ross 
Published: September 2012

SummaryTopical photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) or methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) is widely used in dermatology. It is commonly stated that MAL PDT is less painful than ALA PDT, although published data are conflicting. We report our experience of the use of ALA (4–6 h) (n = 20) and MAL (3 h) (n = 20) in 40 consecutive patients with Bowen's disease or superficial basal cell carcinoma, treated with PDT using an identical irradiation regime. Although there was a trend to higher pain scores with ALA PDT [visual analogue scale (VAS)score, median 4.50], this was not significantly different from that of MAL PDT (VAS score, median 3.55; P = 0.98), nor considered to be clinically important. Importantly, both ALA and MAL PDT regimes were fairly well tolerated in this patient cohort, supporting the use of these prodrugs in dermatological PDT.
Genetic study in a Singaporean patient with erythropoietic protoporphyria
Authors: Chuah Sai Yee , Tee Shang‐Ian , Pramono Zacharias Aloysius Dwi , Theng Colin Thiam Seng 
Published: September 2012

SummaryErythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of haem biosynthesis resulting from a partial decrease in ferrochelatase (FECH) activity which leads to the excessive accumulation of protoporphyrin in blood, erythrocytes and tissues. Cutaneous manifestations of photosensitivity usually appear in early infancy upon the first sun exposures. This normally requires the co‐inheritance of a common hypomorphic FECH allele and a deleterious FECH mutation. Here, we report the first Singaporean Chinese patient with EPP characterized at the molecular level.
Broad band UVA: a possible reliable alternative to PUVA in the treatment of early‐stage mycosis fungoides
Authors: El Mofty Medhat , Ramadan Shahira , Fawzy Marwa M. , Hegazy Rehab A. , Sayed Safinaz 
Published: September 2012

SummaryUVA1 phototherapy was found to induce marked improvement in skin lesions of patients with stages IA and IB mycosis fungoides (MF). Broad band UVA (BB‐UVA) is composed of 80.1% UVA1, with similar mechanisms of action. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of BB‐UVA in the treatment of early‐stage MF. Thirty patients with early stage MF were included. They were divided into two equal groups receiving either BB‐UVA at 20 J/cm2/ session or PUVA three times/week for 40 sessions. Clinical and histopathological evaluations were performed before and after therapy in addition to immunohistochemical measurement of CD4+ cells and Bcl‐2. Patients were followed up for an average duration of 36 months. Comparable clinical and histopathological improvement was noted in MF patients in both groups. Clinical improvement graded ‘Excellent’ was achieved in 33% of patients in the BB‐UVA versus 13.3% in the psoralen and UVA (PUVA) group. Long‐term follow‐up indicated superiority of BB‐UVA over PUVA. BB‐UVA group showed a more rapid clearance rate, shorter time to achieve complete clearance, a longer disease‐free interval and lower relapse rate. The use of BB‐UVA in the treatment of early‐stage MF is comparable or even superior to PUVA regarding efficacy and remission periods.
Sexual Desire and Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women. Introduction and Overview. Standard Operating Procedure (SOP Part 1)
Authors: Bitzer Johannes , Giraldi Annamaria , Pfaus Jim 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition as persistent or recurrent deficiency (or absence) of sexual fantasies/thoughts, and/or desire for or receptivity to sexual activity, which causes personal distress. As a largely subjective experience, sexual desire may or may not be accompanied by externally observable changes in sexual behavior.

Aim
Describe the models of understanding HSDD and the contributing factors to provide the basis for a diagnostic interview and guidance for care for healthcare professionals as a standard operating procedure method. Review of the literature.

Results
There are several models which have been developed to describe sexual desire, although there is still no universally accepted definition or description of it. The models are generally divided into more general twofactor models (e.g., excitation–inhibition, appetitive–consummatory) or more specific multifactorial models (in which the differentcomponents of sexual activity and their interaction are delineated). The etiology of the disorder is generally considered as multifactorial. Biomedical factors like diseases, drugs, and hormones, and psychological factors like life events, sexual biography, affective state, etc., as well as interpersonal factors like partner satisfaction, communication, duration of the relationship, and sociocultural factors interact with each other and contribute to the individualexperience of desire or lack or absence of desire. In analogy to the multifactorial pathogenesis the therapeutic approach is usually multidimensional and includes basic counseling, individual and couple psychotherapy, hormonal and psychopharmacological treatment.

Conclusion
The standard operation procedure for HSDD in women must be based on a biopsychosocial, multidimensional, and integrative perspective.
Satellite‐based Studies on Large‐Scale Vegetation Changes in ChinaF
Authors: Zhao Xia , Zhou Daojing , Fang Jingyun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRemotely‐sensed vegetation indices, which indicate the density and photosynthetic capacity of vegetation, have been widely used to monitor vegetation dynamics over broad areas. In this paper, we reviewed satellite‐based studies on vegetation cover changes, biomass and productivity variations, phenological dynamics, desertification, and grassland degradation in China that occurred over the past 2–3 decades. Our review shows that the satellite‐derived index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) during growing season and the vegetation net primary productivity in major terrestrial ecosystems (for example forests, grasslands, shrubs, and croplands) have significantly increased, while the number of fresh lakes and vegetation coverage in urban regions have experienced a substantial decline. The start of the growing season continually advanced in China's temperate regions until the 1990s, with a large spatial heterogeneity. We also found that the coverage of sparsely‐vegetated areas declined, and the NDVI per unit in vegetated areas increased in arid and semi‐arid regions because of increased vegetation activity in grassland and oasis areas. However, these results depend strongly not only on the periods chosen for investigation, but also on factors such as data sources, changes in detection methods, and geospatial heterogeneity. Therefore, we should be cautious when applying remote sensing techniques to monitor vegetation structures, functions, and changes.
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[ Jingyun Fang (Corresponding author)]
Clinical Effects of Pulse High‐Volume Hemofiltration on Severe Acute Pancreatitis Complicated With Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Authors: Chu La‐Ping , Zhou Jun‐Jing , Yu Ya‐Fen , Huang Yang , Dong Wen‐Xia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of pulse high‐volume hemofiltration (PHVHF) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Thirty patients were divided into two groups: PHVHF group and continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) group. They were evaluated in terms of clinical symptoms, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, simplified acute physiology (SAPS) II score and biochemical changes. The levels of IL‐6, IL‐10 and TNF‐α in plasma were assessed by ELISA before and after treatment. The doses of dopamine used in shock patients were also analyzed. In the two groups, symptoms were markedly improved after treatment. Body temperature (BT), breath rate (BR), heart rate (HR), APACHE II score, SOFA score, SAPS II score, serum amylase, white blood cell count and C‐reactive protein were decreased after hemofiltration (P < 0.05). The PHVHF group was superior to the CVVH group, especially in APACHE II score, CRP (P < 0.01), HR, temperature, SOFA score and SAPS II score (P < 0.05). The doses of dopamine for shock patients were also decreased in the two groups (P < 0.05), with more reduction in the PHVHF group than the CVVH group (P < 0.05). The levels of IL‐6, IL‐10 and TNF‐α decreased (P < 0.05) in the PHVHF group more significantly than the CVVH group (P < 0.01). PHVHF appears to be superior to CVVH in the treatment of SAP with MODS.
An ultraviolet flux drop preceding the X-ray hard-to-soft state transition during the 2010 outburst of GX 339–4
Authors: Yan Zhen , Yu Wenfei 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The black hole X-ray transient GX 339−4 was observed with the Swift satellite across the hard-to-soft state transition during its 2010 outburst. The ultraviolet (UV) flux measured with the filter UVW2 of the Swift/UVOT started to decrease nearly 10 days before the drop in the hard X-ray flux when the hard-to-soft state transition started. The UV flux, FUV, correlated with the X-ray flux, FX, as FUV0.50±0.04X before the drop in the UV flux. During the UV drop lasting about 16 days, the X-ray flux in 0.4–10 keV was increasing. The drop in the UV flux indicates that the jet started to quench 10 days before the hard-to-soft state transition seen in X-rays, which is unexpected.
Aurora Kinase B Is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma
Authors: Buczkowicz Pawel , Zarghooni Maryam , Bartels Ute , Morrison Andrew , Misuraca Katherine L. , Chan Tiffany , Bouffet Eric , Huang Annie , Becher Oren , Hawkins Cynthia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPediatric high‐grade astrocytomas (HGAs) account for 15–20% of all pediatric central nervous system tumors. These neoplasms predominantly involve the supratentorial hemispheres or the pons—diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG). Assumptions that pediatric HGAs are biologically similar to adult HGAs have recently been challenged, and the development of effective therapeutic modalities for DIPG and supratentorial HGA hinges on a better understanding of their biological properties. Here, 20 pediatric HGAs (9 DIPGs and 11 supratentorial HGAs) were subject to gene expression profiling following approval by the research ethics board at our institution. Many of these tumors showed expression signatures composed of genes that promote G1/S and G2/M cell cycle progression. In particular, Aurora kinase B (AURKB) was consistently and highly overexpressed in 6/9 DIPGs and 8/11 HGAs. Array data were validated using quantitative real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry, as well as cross‐validation of our data set with previously published series. Inhibition of Aurora B activity in DIPG and in pediatric HGA cell lines resulted in growth arrest accompanied by morphological changes, cell cycle aberrations, nuclear fractionation and polyploidy as well as a reduction in colony formation. Our data highlight Aurora B as a potential therapeutic target in DIPG.
Identification of Ros Produced by Photodynamic Activity of Chlorophyll/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
Authors: Cellamare Barbara M. , Fini Paola , Agostiano Angela , Sortino Salvatore , Cosma Pinalysa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a way of treating malignant tumors and hyperproliferative diseases. It is based on the use of photosensitizer, herein the chlorophyll a (chl a), and a light of an appropriate wavelength. The interaction of the photosensitizer (PS) with the light produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), powerful oxidizing agents, which cause critical damage to the tissue. To solubilize chl a in aqueous solution and to obtain it as monomer, we have used cyclodextrins, carriers which are able to interact with the pigment and form the inclusion complex. The aim of this study is to examine which types of ROS are formed by Chl a/cyclodextrin complexes in phosphate buffered solution and cell culture medium, using specific molecules, called primary acceptors, which react selectively with the reactive species. In fact the changes of the absorption and the emission spectra of these molecules after the illumination of the PS provide information on the specific ROS formation. The 1O2 formation has been tested using chemical methods based on the use of Uric Acid (UA), 9,10‐diphenilanthracene (DPA) and Singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) and by direct detection of Singlet Oxygen (1O2) luminescence decay at 1270 nm. Moreover, 2,7‐dichlorofluorescin and ferricytochrome c (Cyt Fe3+) have been used to detect the formation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical anion, which reduces Fe3+ of the ferricytochrome to Fe2+, respectively.
Family structure, socioeconomic position and utilization of oral health services among Nigerian senior secondary school pupils
Authors: Ola Dennis , Gambôa Ana B. O. , Folayan Morenike O. , Marcenes Wagner 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective: To test the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP), family composition, number of siblings, and birth position in the family, and the utilization of oral health services by senior secondary school pupils in Ile‐Ife, Nigeria.Methods: A cross‐sectional study design included senior secondary school pupils in the Central Local Government Area of Ile‐Ife during 2007/2008. Sample size calculation was performed and 1,200 pupils were invited to participate. A multistage, stratified sampling technique was used. Data collection included a self‐administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using logistic regression.Results: The response rate was 76 percent (n = 1043). The mean age was 15.8 (standard deviation = 1.9) and 49 percent were males. Only 22.5 percent of pupils had ever visited a dentist in their lives. Results from multivariate analyses showed that pupils attending free schools, those paying 1 to 10,000 naira (equivalent to US$ 63.31) and 10,000 to 19,000 naira (equivalent to US$ 120.29) were respectively 1.93, 1.87, and 2.74 times less likely to have attended a dentist in the past than pupils in more expensive schools. Pupils living with single mothers or without a parent were unlikely to have visited the dentist. Number of siblings and birth position in the family were not associated with utilization of oral health services.Conclusions: Adolescents from families with a low SEP growing up without their parents may need extra incentives to visit dentist.
Proportion and extent of manifestation of molar‐incisor‐hypomineralizations according to different phenotypes
Authors: Kühnisch Jan , Heitmüller Daniela , Thiering Elisabeth , Brockow Inken , Hoffmann Ute , Neumann Claudia , Heinrich‐Weltzien Roswitha , Bauer Carl Peter , von Berg Andrea , Koletzko Sybille , Garcia‐Godoy Franklin , Hickel Reinhard , Heinrich Joachim 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective: This epidemiological study aimed to assess the proportion and extent of manifestation of enamel hypomineralization, including molar‐incisor‐hypomineralization (MIH), in the permanent and primary dentition.Methods: A total of 693 children enrolled in an ongoing birth cohort study (GINIplus‐10) were examined at their 10‐year follow‐up. Enamel hypomineralization was scored in the primary and permanent dentition on a tooth‐ and surface‐related level based on the criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD). Children were grouped according to their distribution pattern of enamel hypomineralization: children with a minimum of one hypomineralized tooth in the primary dentition (ht ≥ 1) and permanent dentition (HT ≥ 1); with a minimum of one hypomineralization on at least one first permanent molar (MIH); and with hypomineralization on at least one first permanent molar and permanent incisor (M + IH). For each group, the mean values of hypomineralized primary teeth (ht), permanent teeth (HT), and permanent surfaces (HS) were calculated.Results: The proportion of affected children was 36.5 percent (HT ≥ 1), 14.7 percent (MIH), and 9.4 percent (M + IH); 6.9 percent of the subjects had a minimum of one affected primary tooth (ht ≥ 1). The mean number of hypomineralized permanent teeth and surfaces were 2.3HT/2.9HS (HT ≥ 1), 3.4HT/4.8HS (MIH), and 4.2HT/5.9HS (M + IH). The mean number of hypomineralized primary teeth amounted to 0.1ht in the entire study population.Conclusions: Enamel hypomineralization can be detected frequently in this study sample. Children with M + IH showed the highest number of affected teeth and surfaces followed by those with MIH.
Measurement of choroidal perfusion and thickness following systemic sildenafil (Viagra®)
Authors: Kim David Y. , Silverman Ronald H. , Chan Robison Vernon Paul , Khanifar Aziz A. , Rondeau Mark , Lloyd Harriet , Schlegel Peter , Coleman Donald Jackson 
Published: September 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To demonstrate anatomic and physiologic changes in the human choroid following systemic sildenafil citrate (Viagra®) using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain–optical coherence tomography (EDI‐OCT) and swept‐scan high‐frequency digital ultrasound.Methods:  Seven healthy male subjects (mean age 32.7 years) were evaluated at baseline and 2 hr after ingesting 50 mg of sildenafil. Swept‐scan high‐frequency digital ultrasound and EDI‐OCT were utilized to measure choroidal perfusion and thickness, respectively. Results were read by masked observers. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and t‐test were used to analyse differences in choroidal flow and thickness at baseline and 2 hr after ingestion of sildenafil.Results:  Two hours following sildenafil, increased choroidal perfusion was observed in 11 of 12 eyes measured by swept‐scan high‐frequency digital ultrasound. The mean increase was 3.46 (±2.00) times baseline with a range of 0.47–7.80 times baseline (p = 0.004). Increased choroidal thickness was observed in 12 of 12 eyes measured with EDI‐OCT. The average choroidal thickness increased by 11.6% temporal to the fovea, 9.3% nasal to the fovea and 10.7% underneath the fovea (p < 0.001 for all values).Conclusions:  Choroidal perfusion and thickness both increase in response to systemic sildenafil. These changes could secondarily affect retinal function, explain previously reported clinical symptoms and potentially be a useful adjunct for treatment of ocular diseases that would benefit from increased choroidal blood flow.