bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aneurisma della comunicante anteriore associato a dismorfia complessa ventricolare (disgenesia del corpo calloso e cisti liquorale interemisferica)
Authors: Pansini A. , Conti P. , Mangiafico S. , Buric J. , Pansini G. 
Published: April 2015

Gli Autori presentano un caso di aneurisma della comunicante anteriore di riscontro occasionale in associazione ad una dismorfia complessa del sistema ventricolare inquadrabile in una parziale agenesia del corpo calloso associata alla presenza di una cisti liquorale interemisferica dorsale. Dalla revisione della Letteratura non risulta sino ad ora riportata una associazione patologica di questo tipo. Vengono presi in esame i meccanismi disembriogenetici e le possibili interrelazioni tra sviluppo del sistema ventricolare, commessurale e la costituzione di un aneurisma a carico del complesso comunicante anteriore - A2.
Intracranial Abscess with Unusual MR Features
Authors: Aprile I. , Lesizza F. , Fabris G. 
Published: April 2015

Characterization of necrotic intracranial masses by means of computed tomography and magnetic resonance is always difficult. The pre and post contrast aspects and morphological characteristics of the solid component could suggest diagnosis, but in many cases they are not specific. In unusual cases, the necrotic central tissue could have the specific aspect of MR and CT signals (metastasis with mucinous material or rich in melanin), but generally it is not possible to characterize the lesion with this parameter, because it does not present specific features (hypodensity on CT, hyperintensity on PD and T2-weighted MR images, hypointensity on T1-weighted scans). The case that we describe regards an intracranial abscess with necrotic material presenting a high signal in all sequences. These signal characteristics are typical of tissue with a high mucinous content, so we assume that in this case the hyperintensity on T1-weighted images is due to proteic material from granulocyte lysis.
The Closing Angle of Ruptured and Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm
Authors: Chang J.K. , Joy S.E. , Pergolizzi R.S. 
Published: April 2015

Cerebral aneurysms rupture when their natural frequencies coincide with bruit frequencies. The natural frequencies of cerebral aneurysms are determined by their closing angles When the closing angles approaches 48.5° (+/- 1.3°), the untreated or partially treated cerebral aneurysms face higher risk of rupture. Using the Closing Angle to predict which aneurysm is at risk of rupture may help in therapeutical decisions.
AVM Radiosurgery: Where is the Volume Limit?
Authors: Guo W.Y. , Pan H.C. , Shiau C.Y. , Chang Y.C. , Wu H.M. , Chung W.Y. , Wang L.W. , Teng M.M.H. 
Published: April 2015

To evaluate the role of radiosurgery for large AVM (nidus volume > 8 ml). 200 cerebral AVM patients treated by Gamma Knife radiosurgery constituted the study database. Of them, 90 had a nidus volume > 8 ml. 38 of the 90 patients who fulfilled the following criteria were enrolled in result analysis. They were either treated more than 24 months ago or proved cured at any time earlier than 24 months. Grades of the AVM were II/2, III/11, IV/20, V/5 (Spetzler-Martin grading system). Integrated stereotaxic MR and stereotaxic x-ray angiography were used for treatment guidance. Volumes of the AVM nidi of the 38 patients were 8∼26 ml, median 11 ml. The prescribed mean maximum and minimum irradiation doses to the delineated AVM nidi were 36 Gy and 18 Gy, respectively. 21 patients were cured of AVM at 18∼36, mean 23 months, after radiosurgery. Almost complete obliteration occurred in 6 patients at 24∼46, mean 37 months, and subtotal obliteration occurred in 11 patients at 27∼60, mean 38 months, after radiosurgery. Nidus volume, not AVM grading, had an impact on the cure rate of AVM radiosurgery. T2-weighted high signals in the vicinity of the AVM were observed in 32 of 38 patients. Minor neurological deficits occurred in 3 patients. Re-bleeding occurred in 3 patients during the follow-up periods. Gamma Knife radiosurgery is currently an effective treatment alternative for large AVM, up to a nidus volume of 21 ml. The waiting time for complete obliteration of large AVM appears to be longer than for small ones. Nidus volume is the most decisive factor in radiosurgery of large AVM. Application of MR improves the conformity of treatment volume in AVM radiosurgery. The improvement minimizes the irradiation volumes and makes radiosurgery for large AVM safer.
Cortical Development and Maturation in Normal and Abnormal Fetuses as Assessed with Prenatal MRI
Authors: Levine D. , Barnes P.D. 
Published: April 2015

This paper describes the MR appearance of sulcal anatomy with respect to gestational age in normal and abnormal fetuses. 79 fetal MR examinations were reviewed. In all of the normal fetal brain MRs the sulcation landmarks appeared in the order predicted by anatomic studies. In the fetuses with abnormalities other than mild ventriculomegaly, the time lag varied from 0–21 weeks. Cortical maturation is clearly demonstrated by fetal MR. Normal maturation by MR follows a predictable course that is slightly delayed compared to that described in neuroanatomic specimens.
MRI of the Hypothalamic Hypophyseal Region in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: De Almeida Magalhães A. Cebrian , Liberman B. , Salgado L.R. 
Published: April 2015

We correlated alterations in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal region studied by MRI with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Fifty-four patients (38 male; 16 female) with clinical and biochemical diagnosis of GHD were examined in a 1.5 T magnet (Signa GE), using coronal and sagittal T1WI 3 mm slices. Isolated GHD (IGHD) was considered in all patients stature shorter than 2.5 SD for age, growth velocity less than 4.0 cm/year. Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (MPHD) was found in 35 patients (64.8%). IGHD was found in 19 patients (35.2%). Ectopic posterior hypophysis was found in 35 patients. From these 25 patients (71%) were MPHD and 10 patients (29%) were IGHD. The values found for stalk thickness and anterior hypophyseal height and volume were greater in patients with IGHD than in patients with MPHD. The present study permitted the standardization of the measurements of the structures of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal region, stalk and chiasm, in patients with GHD. MRI of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal region is helpful in the diagnosis of GHD. Although 60% of patients with GHD may not show typical alterations on MRI the findings of ectopic posterior hypophysis in patients with IGHD reduce the possibility of having MPHD.
Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome: Neuroradiologic Findings
Authors: Snow R.D. , Georgy B.A. , Brogdon B.G. , Wertelecki W. 
Published: April 2015

We report the neuroradiologic manifestations of Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, congenital cataracts, mental and physical retardation, skeletal anomalies and myopathy. Our patient population included eight patients (five males and three females), aged 4 to 56 years, with mental retardation, cerebellar ataxia and myopathy. Clinical and genetic evaluations were performed in all patients. Four patients underwent muscle biopsies. Nine CT examinations, seven MR examinations and two lateral skull films were performed. All patients had absent lenses and hypoplasia of vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. All except one (who had a posterior fossa arachnoid cyst) had a small posterior fossa. The neuroradiologic hallmarks of the disease are cerebellar hypoplasia, small posterior fossa and absence of the lens secondary to early cataract extraction. The role of imaging is to suggest this syndrome in the differential diagnosis of small posterior fossa or hypoplastic cerebellum and congenital cataracts. The presence of characteristic clinical findings and history of consanguineous marriage help in reaching the final diagnosis.
Single Voxel Proton MR Spectroscopy in Hippocampal Sclerosis
Authors: Kim Hong-Dae , Chang Kee-Hyun , Song In-Chan , Han Moon-Hee , Han Man-Chung 
Published: April 2015

To evaluate proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) of patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). We obtained MRS spectra from both hippocampi of 20 normal adult volunteers and 25 patients with unilateral HS as seen on MR images. The MRS was performed on a 1.5 T MR unit by using PRESS sequence with 1500 TR and 136 TE. We used multiple voxel sizes ranging from 6 cm3 (2.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 1.5 cm) to 1 cm3 (1.0 cm × 1.0 cm × 1.0 cm) to see the effect of voxel size change. NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr ratios were calculated and the results were compared between normal control subjects and the patients with HS. In HS patients, mean NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr ratios of the ipsilateral hippocampus were significantly lower than those of contralateral hippocampus (NAA/Cho: 0.78 ± 0.19 vs. 0.91 ± 0.19; NAA /Cr: 0.95 ± 0.23 vs. 1.11 ± 0.25). Mean NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr ratios of the contralateral hippocampus of HS patients were also significantly lower than those of normal control subjects (NAA/Cho: 0.91 ± 0.19 vs. 1.19 ± 0.35, NAA/Cr: 1.11 ± 0.25 vs. 1.53 ± 0.64). However, there was wide overlapping in both NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr ratios between the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus of HS patients and normal subjects. With the threshold value of either NAA/Cho being 0.8 or NAA/Cr being 1.0 (95% confidence level), sensitivity of MRS was 72% (18/25), when MRI was used as a gold standard. When combination of MRI, PET, invasive study and/or surgery was used as a gold standard, it was 57% (13/23). Bilateral abnormality was noted in 24% (6/25). There were trends for better sensitivity with smaller voxel size and with NAA/Cho rather than NAA/Cr. Single voxel proton MRS may be a useful, promising diagnostic tool in the evaluation of hippocampal sclerosis. However, one should be cautious in interpreting the data, because there is a wide overlap in both NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr ratios between the hippocampi of normal subjects and HS patients.
Pulsatile Tinnitus Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Lövblad K.O. , Waldvogel D. , Mattle H.P. , Sturzenegger M. , Schroth G. 
Published: April 2015

Pulsatile tinnitus can be annoying for a patient and also the only hint to a potentially devastating and life-threatening neurological disease. In order to better understand its clinical spectrum and management we analyzed the files of 84 patients seen at our hospital suffering from this entity. We reviewed the records of 84 consecutive patients with pulsatile tinnitus. The mean age was 51 years (range from 3 to 82 years, 58 women and 26 men). The evaluation of tinnitus was on average 13 months after onset. Noninvasive techniques (ultrasound, CT, MRI, MRA, First-pass-Gadolinium-MRA) and angiography were employed for work-up tailored to the individual patient. Endovascular treatment was performed using a biplane interventional angiography system (1024 × 1024 matrix) by arterial and transvenous approach. A vascular pathology was found in 36 (42%) patients (dural arteriovenous fistula: 17; carotid-cavernous-fistula: 6; arteriosclerotic carotid stenosis: 7; dissection of the ICA: 5; fibromuscular dysplasia with ICA stenosis: 5; cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: 2; cerebral venous sinus stenosis: 1; ICA aneurysm: 1; abnormal loop of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery: 1). In 12 patients (14%) nonvascular pathologies such as glomus tumor or intracranial hypertension due to different reasons caused the tinnitus (paraganglioma: 5, meningioma: 1, sarcoidosis: 1, intracranial hypertension due to intracranial tumors: 4, intracranial hypertension due to aqueduct stenosis: 1). We conclude that patients with pulsatile tinnitus should be worked-up primarily with non-invasive techniques, e.g. first-pass gadolinium MRA, MRI and doppler sonography. If these are negative or to clarify abnormal findings further selective angiography is needed for diagnosis and treatment.
Radiographic Screening for Orbital Foreign Body Prior to MRI is Neither Cost Effective Nor Clinically Necessary as Recently Recommended
Authors: Seidenwurm D. , McDonnell C. , Raghavan N. , Breslau J. 
Published: April 2015

To evaluate the cost effectiveness of clinical versus radiological screening for orbital foreign body prior to MRI. Costs of screening were developed using data available in medical literature, disability rating guides and practice survey. Base case estimates were derived based on published guidelines. A single state change model was constructed, social cost was the unit of analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed over plausible ranges for each variable. Using base case estimates and a discount rate of zero, the cost of the current guideline is $328,580 per quality adjusted life year saved. The analysis identifies screening cost as a critical variable. Discount rates and effectiveness of foreign body removal also are important variables. Probability of injury and prevalence of foreign body may impact the analysis. Clinical screening prior to radiography would be expected to reduce the cost of screening by an order of magnitude, assuming base case ocular foreign body removal rates. Clinical screening prior to radiological screening would increase the cost effectiveness of foreign body screening by an order of magnitude. Simply asking the patient “Did a doctor get it all out?” accomplishes this goal Occupational history by itself is not sufficient to mandate radiological orbital screening. Current practice guidelines for foreign body screening should be altered.
MR Imaging of Schmorl's Nodes and Several Factors Influencing Enhancement of Schmorl's Nodes
Authors: Lee S.L. , Jin W. 
Published: April 2015

Retrospective analysis of Schmorl's nodes on L-spine MRI performed between May, 1995 and September, 1996 was done in 516 patients. In 516 patients, 117 patients(M: F = 48: 69, mean age: 46 yrs.) had 231 Schmorl's nodes. Contrast enhancements were performed in 84 patients (154 cases). 231 Schmorl's nodes were noted in 117 patients (mean number per patient: 1.9, maximum number per patient: 9). Mean AP diameter of nodes was 7.1 mm and mean height was 5.2 mm. The locations of nodes were L3 (24.9%), L4 (22.2%), L2 (21.3%), L1 (12.7%), T12 (7.7%), and S1 (1.2%). 55% of nodes were located in lower endplates and 45% were located in upper endplates. Also the common locations on endplates were mid. 1/3 portion (39%) and mid-Posterior junction (34.2%). The frequencies of intervertebral disc herniations with nodes were 33.3% at L4–5, 23.7% at L3–4, 21% at L5-S1, 12.8% at L2–3 and 7% at L1–2. The changes of adjacent vertebral bodies were noted in 75 patients (33%). Fatty marrow change (80%) was the most frequent findings. Contrast enhancements were visible in 54 cases (34%) among 154 cases. Statistical correlations were significant (p<.05, Chi-Square test) between height of Schmorls' nodes and enhancements/age and enhancements/age and height of Schmorl's nodes. Also there were trends of enhancements in the lower endplate than upper endplate and toward lower vertebral body (especially L5). The most frequent location of Schmorl's node were L3, the lower endplate, and mid. 1/3 portion of endplate. There were significant correlations (p<.05) between height of Schmorl's node and enhancement/ age and enhancement/age and height of Schmorl's node. The trends of enhancements in the lower endplate than upper endplate and toward lower vertebral body (especially L5) were noted.
The effects of intermittent vitamin D3 supplementation on muscle strength and metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Cavalcante Roseane , Maia Juliana , Mesquita Patrícia , Henrique Rafael , Griz Luiz , Bandeira Maria P. , Bandeira Francisco 
Published: April 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of weekly vitamin D3 supplementation on metabolic parameters and muscle strength of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 38 patients with serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] below 30 ng/ml and hand strength below 20 kg were randomly assigned to oral vitamin D3 (6600 IU/week in 2 cc oil preparation) or 2 cc olive oil weekly for 3 months. Results: There were nonsignificant increases in serum 25(OH)D in the intervention group to 22.98 ± 4.23 ng/ml and nonsignificant decreases in the control group to 22.84 ± 3.88 (26% of the intervention and 48% of the control groups had 25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml). Handgrip strength improved significantly in the intervention group (right arm 17.4 ± 2.68 to 19.9 ± 3.53 kg, p = 0.002; left arm 16.31 ± 2.6 to 18.46 ± 3.2 kg, p < 0.001) but not in the control group (right arm 16.87 ± 3.99 to 17.93 ± 4.91 kg, p = 0.1; left arm 16.13 ± 4.29 to 16.86 ± 4.79 kg, p < 0.2). More patients in the control group became obese at the end of the study period ( p = 0.014). There were no significant changes in mean fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum triglycerides and blood pressure with vitamin D supplementation. Systolic blood pressure increased significantly in the control group from 136.6 ± 18.6 to 141.4 ± 17.6 mmHg, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Vitamin D3 supplementation in doses equivalent to 942 IU/day improved isometric handgrip strength, but had no effect on glycaemic control in postmenopausal women with longstanding type 2 diabetes.
Systematic review of cognitive behavioural therapy for the management of headaches and migraines in adults
Authors: Harris Petra , Loveman Emma , Clegg Andy , Easton Simon , Berry Neil 
Published: April 2015

Aim: This systematic review aimed to establish if cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can reduce the physical symptoms of chronic headache and migraines in adults. Methods: Evidence from searches of eight databases was systematically sought, appraised and synthesised. Screening of title and abstracts was conducted independently by two reviewers. Full papers were screened, data extracted and quality assessed by one reviewer and checked by a second. Data were synthesised narratively by intervention due to the heterogeneity of the studies. The inclusion criteria specified randomised controlled trials with CBT as an intervention in adults suffering from chronic headaches/migraines not associated with an underlying pathology/medication overuse. CBT was judged on the basis of authors describing the intervention as CBT. The diagnosis of the condition had to be clinician verified. Studies had to include a comparator and employ headache/migraine-specific outcomes such as patient-reported headache days. Results: Out of 1126 screened titles and abstracts and 20 assessed full papers, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria of the review. Some studies combined CBT with another intervention, as well as employing varying numbers of comparators. CBT was statistically significantly more effective in improving some headaches-related outcomes in CBT comparisons with waiting lists (three studies), in combination with relaxation compared with relaxation only (three studies) or antidepressant medication (one study), with no statistically significant differences in three studies. Conclusions: The findings of this review were mixed, with some studies providing evidence in support of the suggestion that people experiencing headaches or migraines can benefit from CBT, and that CBT can reduce the physical symptoms of headache and migraines. However, methodology inadequacies in the evidence base make it difficult to draw any meaningful conclusions or to make any recommendations.
Improved anticancer delivery of paclitaxel by albumin surface modification of PLGA nanoparticles
Authors: Esfandyari-Manesh Mehdi , Mostafavi Seyed Hossein , Majidi Reza Faridi , Koopaei Mona Noori , Ravari Nazanin Shabani , Amini Mohsen , Darvishi Behrad , Ostad Seyed Nasser , Atyabi Fatemeh , Dinarvand Rassoul 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Nanoparticles (NPs) play an important role in anticancer delivery systems. Surface modified NPs with hydrophilic polymers such as human serum albumin (HSA) have long half-life in the blood circulation system.

Methods
The method of modified nanoprecipitation was utilized for encapsulation of paclitaxel (PTX) in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Para-maleimide benzoic hydrazide was conjugated to PLGA for the surface modifications of PLGA NPs, and then HSA was attached on the surface of prepared NPs by maleimide attachment to thiol groups (cysteines) of albumin. The application of HSA provides for the longer blood circulation of stealth NPs due to their escape from reticuloendothelial system (RES). Then the physicochemical properties of NPs like surface morphology, size, zeta potential, and in-vitro drug release were analyzed.

Results
The particle size of NPs ranged from 170 to 190 nm and increased about 20–30 nm after HSA conjugation. The zeta potential was about -6 mV and it decreased further after HSA conjugation. The HSA conjugation in prepared NPs was proved by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, faster degradation of HSA in Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) characterization, and other evidences such as the increasing in size and the decreasing in zeta potential. The PTX released in a biphasic mode for all colloidal suspensions. A sustained release profile for approximately 33 days was detected after a burst effect of the loaded drug. The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation also indicated that the HSA NPs are more cytotoxic than plain NPs.

Conclusions
HSA decoration of PLGA NPs may be a suitable method for longer blood circulation of NPs.
Absorption- and Pressure-induced Structural Transition Exhibiting V-shaped Density Change in Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquid + CO2 System
Authors: Okumura Shuhei , Ushio Masayoshi , Oishi Akina , Nishikawa Keiko , Morita Takeshi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The density of ionic liquid (IL) + CO2 systems was measured by X-ray absorption method and excess molar volume was evaluated to investigate the volumetric behavior under a CO2 absorption process up to 20 MPa. A V-shaped density plot was observed, and three types of expanded/compressed trends were classified based on the excess molar volume of the IL. The volumetric behavior of the IL strongly depends on the CO2 amount absorbed in the IL’s cavities.
The “NF-ĸB interacting long noncoding RNA” (NKILA) transcript is antisense to cancer-associated gene PMEPA1
Authors: Dijkstra Johannes M. , Alexander David B. 
Published: April 2015

This correspondence concerns a recent publication inCancer Cellby Liu et al.1 who analyzed a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that they designated “NKILA”. Liu et al. found thatNKILA(1) is upregulated by immunostimulants, (2) has a promoter with an NF-ĸB binding motif, (3) can bind to the p65 protein of the NF-ĸB transcription factor and then interfere with phosphorylation of IĸBα, and (4) negatively affects functions that involve NF-ĸB pathways. And, importantly, they found that (5) lowNKILAexpression in breast cancers is associated with poor patient prognosis. However, they entirely failed to mentionPMEPA1, a gene which runs antisense toNKILA, and the expression of which is associated with several tumors and which encodes a protein that participates in immune pathways.ThePMEPA1locus, including its promoter region, which Liu et al.1only discuss in regard toNKILA, is highly conserved through evolution. Our impression is thatNKILAemerged only later in evolution, possibly as an additional means ofPMEPA1regulation. Liu et al., however, only consider direct binding betweenNKILAand NF-ĸB as the mechanism for theirin vivoobservations ofNKILAfunction, but do not provide solid evidence for their model. Ifin vivoobservations by Liu et al. could be explained byNKILAregulation ofPMEPA1, it would contribute to the establishment ofPMEPA1as an important topic of cancer research. We feel that the herein presented discussion is necessary for a correct interpretation of the Liu et al. article.