bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-4 Regulates Bim Expression and Promotes B Cell Maturation in Synergy with BAFF Conferring Resistance to Cell Death at Negative Selection Checkpoints
Authors: Granato Alessandra , Hayashi Elize A. , Baptista Barbara J. A. , Bellio Maria , Nobrega Alberto 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
IL-4 plays an essential role in the activation of mature B cells, but less is known about the role of IL-4 in B cell maturation and tolerance checkpoints. In this study, we analyzed the effect of IL-4 on in vitro B cell maturation, from immature to transitional stages, and its influence on BCR-mediated negative selection. Starting either from purified CD19+IgM− B cell precursors, or sorted bone marrow immature (B220lowIgMlowCD23−) and transitional (B220intIgMhighCD23−) B cells from C57BL/6 mice, we compared the maturation effects of IL-4 and BAFF. We found that IL-4 stimulated the generation of CD23+ transitional B cells from CD23− B cells, and this effect was comparable to BAFF. IL-4 showed a unique protective effect against anti-IgM apoptotic signals on transitional B cell checkpoint, not observed with BAFF. IL-4 and BAFF strongly synergized to promote B cell maturation, and IL-4 also rendered it refractory to BCR-mediated cell death. IL-4 blocked upregulation of proapoptotic Bim protein levels induced by BCR crosslinking, suggesting that diminished levels of intracellular Bim promote protection to BCR-induced cell death. Evidence was obtained indicating that downmodulation of Bim by IL-4 occurred in a posttranscriptional manner. Consistent with data obtained in vitro, IL-4 in vivo was able to inhibit Bim upregulation and prevent cell death. These results contribute to the understanding of the role of IL-4 in B lymphocyte physiology, unveiling a previously undescribed activity of this cytokine on the maturation of B cells, which could have important implications on the breaking of B cell central tolerance in autoimmunity.
Regulation of Embryonic Hematopoiesis by a Cytokine-Inducible SH2 Domain Homolog in Zebrafish
Authors: Lewis Rowena S. , Noor Suzita M. , Fraser Fiona W. , Sertori Robert , Liongue Clifford , Ward Alister C. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Cytokine-inducible SH2 domain–containing protein (CISH), a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling family of negative feedback regulators, is induced by cytokines that activate STAT5 and can inhibit STAT5 signaling in vitro. However, demonstration of a definitive in vivo role for CISH during development has remained elusive. This study employed expression analysis and morpholino-mediated knockdown in zebrafish in concert with bioinformatics and biochemical approaches to investigate CISH function. Two zebrafish CISH paralogs were identified, cish.a and cish.b, with high overall conservation (43–46% identity) with their mammalian counterparts. The cish.a gene was maternally derived, with transcripts present throughout embryogenesis, and increasing at 4–5 d after fertilization, whereas cish.b expression commenced at 8 h after fertilization. Expression of cish.a was regulated by the JAK2/STAT5 pathway via conserved tetrameric STAT5 binding sites (TTCN3GAA) in its promoter. Injection of morpholinos targeting cish.a, but not cish.b or control morpholinos, resulted in enhanced embryonic erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, and lymphopoiesis, including a 2- 3-fold increase in erythrocytic markers. This occurred concomitantly with increased activation of STAT5. This study indicates that CISH functions as a conserved in vivo target and regulator of STAT5 in the control of embryonic hematopoiesis.
Induction and Activation of Human Th17 by Targeting Antigens to Dendritic Cells via Dectin-1
Authors: Duluc Dorothée , Joo HyeMee , Ni Ling , Yin Wenjie , Upchurch Katherine , Li Dapeng , Xue Yaming , Klucar Peter , Zurawski Sandra , Zurawski Gerard , Oh SangKon 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Recent compelling evidence indicates that Th17 confer host immunity against a variety of microbes, including extracellular and intracellular pathogens. Therefore, understanding mechanisms for the induction and activation of Ag-specific Th17 is important for the rational design of vaccines against pathogens. To study this, we employed an in vitro system in which influenza hemagglutinin (HA) 1 was delivered to dendritic cells (DCs) via Dectin-1 using anti–human Dectin-1 (hDectin-1)–HA1 recombinant fusion proteins. We found that healthy individuals maintained broad ranges of HA1-specific memory Th17 that were efficiently activated by DCs targeted with anti–hDectin-1–HA1. Nonetheless, these DCs were not able to induce a significant level of HA1-specific Th17 responses even in the presence of the Th17-promoting cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. We further found that the induction of surface IL-1R1 expression by signals via TCRs and common γ-chain receptors was essential for naive CD4+ T cell differentiation into HA1-specific Th17. This process was dependent on MyD88, but not IL-1R–associated kinase 1/4. Thus, interruptions in STAT3 or MyD88 signaling led to substantially diminished HA1-specific Th17 induction. Taken together, the de novo generation of pathogen-specific human Th17 requires complex, but complementary, actions of multiple signals. Data from this study will help us design a new and effective vaccine strategy that can promote Th17-mediated immunity against microbial pathogens.
miR-27a Regulates Inflammatory Response of Macrophages by Targeting IL-10
Authors: Xie Na , Cui Huachun , Banerjee Sami , Tan Zheng , Salomao Reinaldo , Fu Mingui , Abraham Edward , Thannickal Victor J. , Liu Gang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Although microRNAs were shown to participate in innate immune responses, it is not completely understood how they regulate negative immunomodulatory events. IL-10 is an important anti-inflammatory mediator that prevents excessive inflammation and associated immunological pathologies. Although the regulation of IL-10 expression has been well studied at both the transcriptional and translational levels, it is less clear how microRNAs control IL-10 expression during inflammation. In this study, we found that miR-27a is downregulated in macrophages following stimulation through TLR2 and TLR4, but not TLR3. Upregulation of miR-27a enhanced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in TLR2/4-activated macrophages. Conversely, knockdown of miR-27a diminished cytokine expression. Mechanistically, we found that miR-27a negatively regulates IL-10 expression; upregulation of miR-27a decreases, whereas downregulation of miR-27a increases, IL-10 expression in activated macrophages. Likely due to the decreased expression of IL-10, upregulation of miR-27a diminished IL-10–dependent STAT3 phosphorylation in TLR4-activated macrophages. Consistent with IL-10 being a potential mediator for the role of miR-27a in the immune response, blocking IL-10 abolished the enhancing effect of miR-27a on TLR4-activated inflammation. In conclusion, our study identified miR-27a downregulation as a negative-regulatory mechanism that prevents overly exuberant TLR2- and TLR4-driven inflammatory responses.
HLA-B27, but Not HLA-B7, Immunodominance to Influenza Is ERAP Dependent
Authors: Akram Ali , Lin Aifeng , Gracey Eric , Streutker Catherine J. , Inman Robert D. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum–associated aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP1) plays a critical role in the processing of peptides prior to binding to MHC class I molecules. In this article, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that the HLA-B27 immunodominant influenza nucleoprotein (NP) 383–391 epitope is made as an N-terminally extended 14-mer before it is trimmed by ERAP. In the absence of ERAP, there is a significant reduction in the CTL response to the B27/NP383–391 epitope in influenza A (flu)–infected B27/ERAP−/− mice. With the use of tetramer staining, the number of naive CD8+ T cells expressing TCR Vβ8.1 in B27/ERAP−/− transgenic mice is significantly lower than that seen in B27/ERAP+/+ mice. HLA-B27 surface expression in naive and flu-infected B27/ERAP−/− mice is also lower than the expression seen for the same allele in naive and flu-infected B27/ERAP+/+ mice. In contrast, surface expression of HLA-B7 was unaffected by the absence of ERAP in B7/ERAP−/− transgenic mice. The B7-restricted NP418–426 CTL response in flu-infected B7/ERAP−/− and B7/ERAP+/+ mice was also similar. These results provide, to our knowledge, the first in vivo demonstration of ERAP functionally influencing host immune response in an HLA allele-specific manner. This principle has relevance to diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, in which HLA-B27 and ERAP jointly contribute to disease predisposition.
Does generation benefit learning for narrative and expository texts? A direct replication attempt
Authors: Schindler Julia , Richter Tobias , Mar Raymond A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGenerated information is better recognized and recalled than information that is read. This generation effect has been replicated several times for different types of material, including texts. Perhaps the most influential demonstration is by McDaniel, Einstein, Dunay, and Cobb (Journal of Memory and Language, 1986, 25(6), 645–656; henceforth MEDC). This group tested whether the generation effect occurs only if the generation task stimulates cognitive processes not already stimulated by the text. Numerous studies, however, report difficulties replicating this text by generation‐task interaction, which suggests that the effect might only be found under conditions closer to the original method of MEDC. To test this assumption, the present study closely replicated MEDC's Experiment 2 in two separate German and English‐speaking samples. The present study provided partial evidence in favor of the expected interaction, which ultimately depended on successful completion of the generation task (with near‐to‐perfect accuracy). Moreover, it indicates that sentence unscrambling might enhance learning across genres.
Fusion of Selenium‐Embedded Multi‐Resonance Units Toward Narrowband Emission and Fast Triplet‐Singlet Exciton Conversion
Authors: Jin Jibiao , Chen Mei , Jiang He , Zhang Baohua , Xie Zhiyuan , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping multi‐resonance thermally activated fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters with both fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate and narrow emission bandwidth still remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a design strategy of fused MR skeleton containing heavy chalcogen (sulfur or selenium) for high‐performance MR‐TADF molecules is developed. Impressively, Se‐embedded emitter (DSeBN) shows extremely narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) value of 16 nm and ultrafast RISC rate constant up to 2.0 × 106 s−1. The organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) based on this emitter exhibits excellent performance parameters with extremely narrow FWHM of 17 nm and high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 35.31%. Significantly, much suppressed efficiency roll‐off is achieved, in which the EQE still stayed at 32.47% and 25.05% at the luminance of 100 and 1000 cd m−2, respectively. These results represent the state‐of‐the‐art device performance in terms of efficiency and FWHM, shedding new light on the development of practical MR‐TADF emitters.
A High‐Throughput in Vitro Assay System for the Detection of the Enzymatic Dihydroxylation of Aliphatic Olefins
Authors: Rutkowski Bailey N. , Talley Ella R. , Combs Jasney , Froese Jordan T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRieske dioxygenase enzymes can perform the cis‐dihydroxylation of aliphatic olefins, representing a potential green alternative to established methods of performing this important transformation. However, the activity of the natural enzymes in this context is low relative to their more well‐known activity in the cis‐dihydroxylation of aromatics. To enable the engineering of dioxygenase enzymes for improved activity in the dihydroxylation of aliphatic olefins, we have developed an assay system to detect the relevant diol metabolites produced from whole‐cell fermentation cultures. Optimization studies were carried out to maximize the sensitivity of the assay system, and its utility in the in vitro screening of enzyme variant libraries was demonstrated. The assay system was utilized in screening studies that identified Rieske dioxygenase variants with significantly improved activity in the dihydroxylation of aliphatic olefins relative to the wild‐type enzyme.
Selective Peroxygenase‐Catalysed Oxidation of Phenols to Hydroquinones
Authors: Brasselet Hugo , Schmitz Fabian , Koschorreck Katja , Urlacher Vlada B. , Hollmann Frank , Hilberath Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn enzymatic method for the selective hydroxylation of phenols using a peroxygenase from Aspergillus brasiliensis (AbrUPO) is reported. A broad range of phenolic starting materials can be selectively transformed into the corresponding hydroquinones. Semi‐preparative syntheses of several hydroquinones were realised without further optimization pointing out the applicability of this enzyme as biocatalyst.
Molecular Dynamics‐Based Conformational Simulation Method for Analysis of Arrival Time Distributions in Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tashiro Keisuke , Ide Yuki , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Ohara Kazuaki , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Kobayashi Masato , Inokuma Yasuhide 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIon mobility‐mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) has recently contributed to the structural analysis of molecules, including supramolecules and proteins, by determining the ion arrival time distributions correlated with the collision cross sections (CCSs), as well as the mass‐to‐charge ratios. However, its application range is still limited owing to the lack of general CCSs simulation methods based on possible molecular conformations. Here, a molecular dynamics‐based conformational search method for simulating CCS distributions using projection approximation is reported. As a case study, the gas‐phase conformations of the sodium adducts of conformationally flexible polyketones with 3,3‐dimethylpentane‐2,4‐dione as the monomer are analyzed. The sodium adduct of the hexamer (m/z 781.4 for [1 + Na]+) showed a monomodal arrival time distribution, but that of the octamer sodium adduct (m/z 1033.5 for [2 + Na]+) is multimodal. The conformational analysis indicated an unimodal CCS distribution of simulated [1 + Na]+ conformations in which the sodium cation is mainly bound at the chain terminal. Conversely, four clusters of conformations are obtained for [2 + Na]+ based on the Na+‐coordination sites, which qualitatively reproduced the observed CCS distribution. This approach will extend the utility of IM‐MS for the conformational analysis of flexible molecules in the gas phase.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Meso‐1,2‐Diarylethane‐1,2‐Diamines Via Sodium Reduction of Imidazolines
Authors: Bazanov Daniil R. , Lozinskaya Natalia A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA facile method for the preparation of meso‐1,2‐diarylethane‐1,2‐diamines from aromatic aldehydes is disclosed. The stereoselectivity of the protocol is based on the disrotatory electrocyclic ring closure of readily generated diazopentadienes, followed by a SET reduction of the imidazoline fragment by sodium. The method is readily scalable to multi‐gram quantities and a wide range of alkoxy and alkyl‐phenyl substituents can be synthesized.
Work incentives in Australia: The distribution of effective marginal tax rates for working‐age Australians in 2023
Authors: Phillips Ben 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEffective marginal tax rates are of interest to policymakers due to the concern that high rates lead to disincentives to work, particularly for secondary earners in couple families and single parents who pay personal income tax and lose government welfare payments as their private income increases. Hypothetical models of the tax and welfare system demonstrate the possibility of high effective marginal tax rates particularly for secondary earners in lower income families where personal income tax intersects with the loss of means‐tested welfare payment. This paper estimates effective marginal tax rates across the whole working‐age population, rather than for hypothetical families, using a microsimulation model based on a nationally representative sample of Australians. These distributional estimates suggest that high and very high effective marginal tax rates are relatively rare and that most persons of a working‐age face rates that are relatively modest. The paper extends previous work on distributional effective marginal tax rates to include the impact of formal childcare and the higher education loan program.
Amyloid and SCD jointly predict cognitive decline across Chinese and German cohorts
Authors: Shao Kai , Hu Xiaochen , Kleineidam Luca , Stark Melina , Altenstein Slawek , Amthauer Holger , Boecker Henning , Buchert Ralph , Buerger Katharina , Butryn Michaela , Cai Yanning , Cai Yue , Cosma Nicoleta Carmen , Chen Guanqun , Chen Zhigeng , Daamen Marcel , Drzezga Alexander , Düzel Emrah , Essler Markus , Ewers Michael , Fliessbach Klaus , Gaertner Florian C. , Glanz Wenzel , Guo Tengfei , Hansen Niels , He Beiqi , Janowitz Daniel , Kilimann Ingo , Krause Bernd J. , Lan Guoyu , Lange Catharina , Laske Christoph , Li Yuxia , Li Ruixian , Liu Lin , Lu Jie , Meng Fansheng , Munk Matthias H. , Peters Oliver , Perneczky Robert , Priller Josef , Ramirez Alfredo , Rauchmann Boris‐Stephan , Reimold Matthias , Rominger Axel , Rostamzadeh Ayda , Roy‐Kluth Nina , Schneider Anja , Spottke Annika , Spruth Eike Jakob , Sun Pan , Teipel Stefan , Wang Xiao , Wei Min , Wei Yongzhe , Wiltfang Jens , Yan Shaozhen , Yang Jie , Yu Xianfeng , Zhang Mingkai , Zhang Liang ,   DELCODE study group, SILCODE study group, Wagner Michael , Jessen Frank , Han Ying , Kuhn Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) in amyloid‐positive (Aβ+) individuals was proposed as a clinical indicator of Stage 2 in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum, but this requires further validation across cultures, measures, and recruitment strategies.METHODSEight hundred twenty‐one participants from SILCODE and DELCODE cohorts, including normal controls (NC) and individuals with SCD recruited from the community or from memory clinics, underwent neuropsychological assessments over up to 6 years. Amyloid positivity was derived from positron emission tomography or plasma biomarkers. Global cognitive change was analyzed using linear mixed‐effects models.RESULTSIn the combined and stratified cohorts, Aβ+ participants with SCD showed steeper cognitive decline or diminished practice effects compared with NC or Aβ− participants with SCD. These findings were confirmed using different operationalizations of SCD and amyloid positivity, and across different SCD recruitment settings.DISCUSSIONAβ+ individuals with SCD in German and Chinese populations showed greater global cognitive decline and could be targeted for interventional trials.Highlights
SCD in amyloid‐positive (Aβ+) participants predicts a steeper cognitive decline.
This finding does not rely on specific SCD or amyloid operationalization.
This finding is not specific to SCD patients recruited from memory clinics.
This finding is valid in both German and Chinese populations.
Aβ+ older adults with SCD could be a target population for interventional trials.
Incorporation of Pd Single‐Atom Sites in Perovskite with an Excellent Selectivity toward Photocatalytic Semihydrogenation of Alkynes
Authors: Yang Baoying , Liu Kunlong , Ma Yuhui , Ma Jian‐Jie , Chen Yi‐Yu , Huang Meirong , Yang Can , Hou Yidong , Hung Sung‐Fu , Yu Jimmy C. , Zhang Jinshui , Wang Xinchen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSemihydrogenation is a crucial industrial process. Noble metals such as Pd have been extensively studied in semihydrogenation reactions, owing to their unique catalytic activity toward hydrogen activation. However, the overhydrogenation of alkenes to alkanes often happens due to the rather strong adsorption of alkenes on Pd active phases. Herein, we demonstrate that the incorporation of Pd active phases as single‐atom sites in perovskite lattices such as SrTiO3 can greatly alternate the electronic structure and coordination environment of Pd active phases to facilitate the desorption of alkenes rather than further hydrogenation. Furthermore, the incorporated Pd sites can be well stabilized without sintering by a strong host–guest interaction with SrTiO3 during the activation of H species in hydrogenation reactions. As a result, the Pd incorporated SrTiO3 (Pd‐SrTiO3) exhibits an excellent time‐independent selectivity (>99.9 %) and robust durability for the photocatalytic semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene. This strategy based on incorporation of active phases in perovskite lattices will have broad implications in the development of high‐performance photocatalysts for selective hydrogenation reactions.
Bilateral Embedded Anchoring via Tailored Polymer Brush for Large‐Area Air‐Processed Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wu Jiandong , Li Huixin , Yang Yang , Chen Yiling , Wang Zhongyu , Dong Fan , Liu Xinhao , Guo Yangyang , Yao Tanxi , Xu Yadong , Ye Qian , Wang Hongyue , Wang Hongqiang , Fang Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) that can be air‐processed promises the development of displaying optoelectronic device, while is challenged by technical difficulty on both the active layer and hole transport layer (HTL) caused by the unavoidable humidity interference. Here, we propose and validate that, planting the polymer brush with tailored functional groups in inorganic HTL, provides unique bilateral embedded anchoring that is capable of simultaneously addressing the n phases crystallization rates in the active layer as well as the deteriorated particulate surface defects in HTL. Exemplified by zwitterionic polyethyleneimine‐sulfonate (PEIS) in present study, its implanting in NiOx HTL offers abundant nuclei sites of amino and sulfonate groups that balance the growth rate of different n phases in quasi‐2D perovskite films. Moreover, the PEIS effectively nailed the interfacial contact between perovskite and NiOx, and reduced the particulate surface defects in HTL, leading to the enhanced PLQY and stability of large‐area blue perovskite film in ambient air. By virtue of these merits, present work achieves the first demonstration of the air‐processed blue PeLEDs in large emitting area of 1.0 cm2 with peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.09 %, which is comparable to the similar pure‐bromide blue PeLEDs fabricated in glovebox.
Membrane‐Free Electrocatalytic Co‐Conversions of PBS Waste Plastics and Maleic Acid into High‐Purity Succinic Acid Solid
Authors: Zhou Bo , Shi Kai , Teng Xue , Li Zhenhua , Chen Lisong , Shi Jianlin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlastic pollution, an increasingly serious global problem, can be addressed through the full lifecycle management of plastics, including plastics recycling as one of the most promising approaches. System design, catalyst development, and product separation are the keys in improving the economics of electrocatalytic plastics recycling. Here, a membrane‐free co‐production system was devised to produce succinic acid (SA) at both anode and cathode respectively by the co‐electrolysis of polybutylene succinate (PBS) waste plastics and biomass‐derived maleic acid (MA) for the first time. To this end, Cr3+‐Ni(OH)2 electrocatalyst featuring much enhanced 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) oxidation reaction (BOR) activity has been synthesized and the role of doped Cr has been revealed as an “electron puller” to accelerate the rate‐determining step (RDS) in the Ni2+/Ni3+ cycling. Impressively, an extra‐high SA production rate of 3.02 g h−1 and ultra‐high apparent Faraday efficiency towards SA (FEapparent=181.5 %) have been obtained. A carbon dioxide‐assisted sequential precipitation approach has been developed to produce high‐purity SA and byproduct NaHCO3 solids. Preliminary techno‐economic analysis demonstrates that the reported system is economically profitable and promising for future industrial applications.