bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic structure and gas‐phase chemistry of protonated α‐ and β‐quinonoid compounds: a mass spectrometry and computational study
Authors: Vessecchi Ricardo , Emery Flávio S. , Lopes Norberto P. , Galembeck Sérgio E. 
Published: March 2013

RATIONALEThe use of quinonoid compounds against tropical diseases and as antitumor agents has prompted the search for new naturally occurring and synthetic derivatives. Among these quinonoid compounds, lapachol and its isomers (α‐ and β‐lapachone) serve as models for the synthesis of new compounds with biological activity, and the use of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) analysis as a tool to elucidate and characterize these products has furnished important information about these compounds.METHODSESI‐MS/MS analysis under collision‐induced dissociation conditions was used to describe the fragmentation mechanisms for protonated 1,4‐naphthoquinone, 1,2‐naphthoquinone, α‐lapachone, and β‐lapachone. The B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p) model was used to obtain proton affinities, gas‐phase basicities, and molecular electrostatic potential maps, thus indicating the probable protonation sites. Fragmentation pathways were suggested on the basis of the relative enthalpies of the product ions.RESULTSThe ESI‐MS signals of the cationized molecules of ortho quinonoid compounds were more intense than those of the protonated molecule. Formation of the major product ions with m/z 187 from protonated α‐ and β‐lapachone has been attributed to a retro‐Diels‐Alder (RDA) reaction.CONCLUSIONSMS/MS studies on lapachol isomers (α‐ and β‐lapachone) will facilitate the interpretation of the liquid chromatography (LC)‐MS/MS analysis of new metabolites. MS/MS data on the 1,4‐naphthoquinone, 1,2‐naphthoquinone, α‐lapachone and β‐lapachone core will help characterize new derivatives from in vitro/in vivo metabolism studies in complex matrices. The product ions revealed the major fragmentation mechanisms and these ions will serve as diagnostic ions to identify each studied compound. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro strain measurements in cerebral aneurysm models for cyber‐physical diagnosis
Authors: Shi Chaoyang , Kojima Masahiro , Anzai Hitomi , Tercero Carlos , Ikeda Seiichi , Ohta Makoto , Fukuda Toshio , Arai Fumihito , Najdovski Zoran , Negoro Makoto , Irie Keiko 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe development of new diagnostic technologies for cerebrovascular diseases requires an understanding of the mechanism behind the growth and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. To provide a comprehensive diagnosis and prognosis of this disease, it is desirable to evaluate wall shear stress, pressure, deformation and strain in the aneurysm region, based on information provided by medical imaging technologies.MethodsIn this research, we propose a new cyber‐physical system composed of in vitro dynamic strain experimental measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation for the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms. A CFD simulation and a scaled‐up membranous silicone model of a cerebral aneurysm were completed, based on patient‐specific data recorded in August 2008. In vitro blood flow simulation was realized with the use of a specialized pump. A vision system was also developed to measure the strain at different regions on the model by way of pulsating blood flow circulating inside the model.ResultsExperimental results show that distance and area strain maxima were larger near the aneurysm neck (0.042 and 0.052), followed by the aneurysm dome (0.023 and 0.04) and finally the main blood vessel section (0.01 and 0.014). These results were complemented by a CFD simulation for the addition of wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index and aneurysm formation index. Diagnosis results using imaging obtained in August 2008 are consistent with the monitored aneurysm growth in 2011.ConclusionThe presented study demonstrates a new experimental platform for measuring dynamic strain within cerebral aneurysms. This platform is also complemented by a CFD simulation for advanced diagnosis and prediction of the growth tendency of an aneurysm in endovascular surgery. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Surface Tension on Gas Atomization of a CrMnNi Steel Alloy
Authors: Dubberstein Tobias , Heller Hans‐Peter 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe aim of the current research is the experimental investigation of the mass median particle size d50 as a function of surface tension for liquid Cr–Mn–Ni steel alloy with 16% Cr, 7% Mn, and 9% Ni. To modify the liquid steel design sulfur was add to the Cr–Mn–Ni steel in five steps up to a 1000 mass ppm. The surface tension of the liquid steel alloy was measured using maximum bubble pressure method and yttria stabilized capillary in a temperature range from 1701 to 1881 K. In addition, the same steel charges were sprayed to steel powder using a vacuum inert gas atomization using pure argon gas. The increase of sulfur in Cr–Mn–Ni steel will decrease the surface tension to 0.91 N m−1. The temperature coefficient of surface tension is positive for all investigated Cr–Mn–Ni alloys due to a sulfur content ≥100 mass ppm. The final mass median particle size d50 decreases from 54.3 µm for AISI 304 reference steel alloy to 17.1 µm for Cr–Mn–Ni steel alloy (16‐7‐9 S10) with the highest sulfur content and the lowest surface tension of all investigated liquid steels. It is concluded from the present work that surface tension is the decisive factor in adjusting d50 at a constant spraying parameters.
Influence of Co and Al on Bainitic Transformation in Super Bainitic Steels
Authors: Hu Feng , Wu Kai‐Ming , Zheng Hua 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe effect of cobalt and aluminum addition on the bainitic transformation of super bainitic steels was investigated. Nanostructured bainitic ferrite and retained austenite microstructures were obtained when the steels were transformed at low temperatures. The bainitic transformation was accelerated by the addition of Co and Al. The thickness of bainite plate was reduced and the volume fraction of bainite was increased in the Co and Al containing steel, compared with the parent steel.
Clinical features and treatment outcome of borderline resectable pancreatic head/body cancer: a multi‐institutional survey by the Japanese Society of Pancreatic Surgery
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Usui Masanobu , Isaji Shuji , Nagakawa Takukazu , Wada Keita , Unno Michiaki , Nakao Akimasa , Miyakawa Shuichi , Ohta Tetsuo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundOptimal treatment types and prognosis for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) remain unclear because of the lack of studies involving large series of patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed various prognostic factors for 624 BRPC (pancreatic head/body) patients treated from June 2002 to May 2007, by distributing questionnaires to member institutions of the Japanese Society of Pancreatic Surgery in 2010. BRPC was defined according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines (2009).ResultsAmong 624 patients, 539 (86.4 %) underwent curative‐intent resection, showing an R0 resection rate of 65.9 %. The 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 16.1 and 9.9 % in all patients, 22.8 and 12.5 % in the resected patients, and 4.4 and 0 % (P < 0.0001) in the unresected patients, respectively. The following factors influencing survival in all patients were selected as independent prognostic factors using multivariate analysis: major arterial involvement on imaging study; preoperative treatment; surgical resection; and postoperative chemotherapy. Among the resected cases, multivariate analysis revealed that major arterial involvement and remnant tumor status were independent prognostic factors.ConclusionBRPC included two distinct categories of tumors influencing survival: those with portal vein/superior mesenteric vein invasion alone and those with major arterial invasion, which was the most exacerbating factor in the analysis.
Gene expression profiling of a nisin-sensitive Listeria monocytogenes Scott A ctsR deletion mutant
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Morgan Shannon , Ream Amy , Huang Lihan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen of significant threat to public health. Nisin is the only bacteriocin that can be used as a food preservative. Due to its antimicrobial activity, it can be used to control L. monocytogenes in food; however, the antimicrobial mechanism of nisin activity against L. monocytogenes is not fully understood. The CtsR (class III stress gene repressor) protein negatively regulates the expression of class III heat shock genes. A spontaneous pressure-tolerant ctsR deletion mutant that showed increased sensitivity to nisin has been identified. Microarray technology was used to monitor the gene expression profiles of the ctsR mutant under treatments with nisin. Compared to the nisin-treated wild type, 113 genes were up-regulated (&gt;2-fold increase) in the ctsR deletion mutant whereas four genes were down-regulated (&lt;−2-fold decrease). The up-regulated genes included genes that encode for ribosomal proteins, membrane proteins, cold-shock domain proteins, translation initiation and elongation factors, cell division, an ATP-dependent ClpC protease, a putative accessory gene regulator protein D, transport and binding proteins, a beta-glucoside-specific phosphotransferase system IIABC component, as well as hypothetical proteins. The down-regulated genes consisted of genes that encode for virulence, a transcriptional regulator, a stress protein, and a hypothetical protein. The gene expression changes determined by microarray assays were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analyses. Moreover, an in-frame deletion mutant for one of the induced genes (LMOf2365_1877) was constructed in the wild-type L. monocytogenes F2365 background. ΔLMOf2365_1877 had increased nisin sensitivity compared to the wild-type strain. This study enhances our understanding of how nisin interacts with the ctsR gene product in L. monocytogenes and may contribute to the understanding of the antibacterial mechanisms of nisin.
A multi-factors rational design strategy for enhancing the thermostability ofEscherichia coliAppA phytase
Authors: Fei Baojin , Xu Hui , Cao Yu , Ma Shuhan , Guo Hongxiu , Song Tao , Qiao Dairong , Cao Yi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDespite recent advances in our understanding of the importance of protein surface properties for protein thermostability,there are seldom studies on multi-factors rational design strategy, so a more scientific, simple and effective rational strategy is urgent for protein engineering. Here, we first attempted to use a three-factors rational design strategy combining three common structural features, protein flexibility, protein surface, and salt bridges. Escherichia coli AppA phytase was used as a model enzyme to improve its thermostability. Moreover, the structure and enzyme features of the thermostable mutants designed by our strategy were analyzed roundly. For the single mutants, two (Q206E and Y311K), in five exhibited thermostable property with a higher success rate of prediction (40 %). For the multiple mutants, the themostable sites were combined with another site, I427L, we obtained by directed evolution, Q206E/I427L, Y311K/I427L, and Q206E/Y311K/I427L, all exhibited thermostable property. The Y311K/I427L doubled thermostability (61.7 %, and was compared to 30.97 % after being heated at 80 °C for 10 min) and catalytic efficiency (4.46 was compared to 2.37) improved more than the wild-type AppA phytase almost without hampering catalytic activity. These multi-factors of rational design strategy can be applied practically as a thermostabilization strategy instead of the conventional single-factor approach.
Enzyme replacement therapy for alpha‐mannosidosis: 12 months follow‐up of a single centre, randomised, multiple dose study
Authors: Borgwardt L. , Dali C. I. , Fogh J. , Månsson J. E. , Olsen K. J. , Beck H. C. , Nielsen K. G. , Nielsen L. H. , Olsen S. O. E. , Riise Stensland H. M. F. , Nilssen O. , Wibrand F. , Thuesen A. M. , Pearl T. , Haugsted U. , Saftig P. , Blanz J. , Jones S. A. , Tylki‐Szymanska A. , Guffon‐Fouiloux N. , Beck M. , Lund A. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlpha‐mannosidosis (OMIM 248500) is a rare lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by alpha‐mannosidase deficiency. Manifestations include intellectual disabilities, facial characteristics and hearing impairment. A recombinant human alpha‐mannosidase (rhLAMAN) has been developed for weekly intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). We present the preliminary data after 12 months of treatment.MethodsThis is a phase I‐II study to evaluate safety and efficacy of rhLAMAN. Ten patients (7–17 y) were treated. We investigated efficacy by testing motor function (6‐minutes‐Walk‐Test (6‐MWT), 3‐min‐Stair‐Climb‐Test (3‐MSCT), The Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT2), cognitive function (Leiter‐R), oligosaccharides in serum, urine and CSF and Tau‐ and GFA‐protein in CSF.ResultsOligosaccharides: S‐, U‐ and CSF‐oligosaccharides decreased 88.6 % (CI −92.0 −85.2, p < 0.001), 54.1 % (CI −69.5‐ −38.7, p < 0,001), and 25.7 % (CI −44.3‐ −7.1, p < 0.05), respectively. Biomarkers: CSF‐Tau‐ and GFA‐protein decreased 15 %, p < 0.009) and 32.5, p < 0.001 respectively. Motor function: Improvements in 3MSCT (31 steps (CI 6.8‐40.5, p < 0.01) and in 6MWT (60.4 m (CI −8.9 −51.1, NS) were achieved. Cognitive function: Improvement in the total Equivalence Age of 4 months (0.34) was achieved in the Leiter R test (CI −0.2‐0.8, NS).ConclusionsThese data suggest that rhLAMAN may be an encouraging new treatment for patients with alpha‐mannosidosis.The study is designed to continue for a total of 18 months. Longer‐term follow‐up of patients in this study and the future placebo‐controlled phase 3 trial are needed to provide greater support for the findings in this study.
Variability in Associations of Phosphatidylcholine Molecular Species with Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican–American Families
Authors: Kulkarni Hemant , Meikle Peter J. , Mamtani Manju , Weir Jacquelyn M. , Barlow Christopher K. , Jowett Jeremy B. , Bellis Claire , Dyer Thomas D. , Johnson Matthew P. , Rainwater David L. , Almasy Laura , Mahaney Michael C. , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Blangero John , Curran Joanne E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPlasma lipidomic studies using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy offer detailed insights into metabolic processes. Taking the example of the most abundant plasma lipid class (phosphatidylcholines) we used the rich phenotypic and lipidomic data from the ongoing San Antonio Family Heart Study of large extended Mexican–American families to assess the variability of association of the plasma phosphatidylcholine species with metabolic syndrome. Using robust statistical analytical methods, our study made two important observations. First, there was a wide variability in the association of phosphatidylcholine species with risk measures of metabolic syndrome. Phosphatidylcholine 40:7 was associated with a low risk while phosphatidylcholines 32:1 and 38:3 were associated with a high risk of metabolic syndrome. Second, all the odd chain phosphatidylcholines were associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome implying that phosphatidylcholines derived from dairy products might be beneficial against metabolic syndrome. Our results demonstrate the value of lipid species‐specific information provided by the upcoming array of lipidomic studies and open potential avenues for prevention and control of metabolic syndrome in high prevalence settings.
Glycodelin in reproduction
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Maruyama Tetsuo , Nishikawa‐Uchida Sayaka , Miyazaki Kaoru , Masuda Hirotaka , Yoshimura Yasunori 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTo achieve a successful pregnancy in humans, sperm is required for capacitation, followed by binding to and entry into an oocyte. Maternal endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) prepare the appropriate implantation environment through regulation of immune cells and endometrial cells. After acquiring endometrial receptivity, a successful pregnancy consists of complex and finely regulated steps involving apposition, adhesion, invasion, and penetration. Glycodelin is a secretory glycoprotein that affects cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and motility. Glycodelin has four glycoforms (glycodelin‐A, ‐S, ‐F. and ‐C); differences in glycosylation affect each characteristic function. Glycodelin has a unique temporospatial pattern of expression, primarily in the reproductive tract where glycodelin is mid‐secretory phase‐dominant. Recent studies have demonstrated that glycodelin protein has the potential to regulate various processes, including immunosuppression, fertilization, and implantation. This review details the orchestrated regulation of successful pregnancy by glycodelin as well as a discussion of the basic characteristics of glycodelin.
A survey of obstetricians' views on placental pathology reporting
Authors: Walsh Colin A. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Turowski Gitta , Roald Borghild , Mooney Eoghan E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the opinion of clinical obstetricians regarding interpretation of placental reports, including a recently proposed Norwegian classification system.MethodsPaper and online surveys were circulated to practicing obstetricians in Ireland. Data on clinician experience, clinical workload, and exposure to placental pathology reporting were collated. Additionally, clinicians' opinions regarding the Norwegian classification system were sought. Statistical analysis was performed using Statsdirect version 2.7.8.ResultsSixty‐two practicing clinical obstetricians completed the survey. Overall, 47 (75.8%) respondents had at least 5 years of experience in clinical obstetrics. The population surveyed had a high level of clinicopathologic exposure, with 55 (88.7%) regularly attending a perinatal morbidity conference and 57 (91.9%) reading placental pathology reports. A significantly higher proportion of experienced clinicians read placental pathology reports (46/47 [97.9%]) compared with clinicians with less experience (11/15 [73.3%]; P = 0.01). Overall, 51 (82.3%) obstetricians believed that introduction of the Norwegian classification would improve interpretation of placental findings; this high acceptance rate was similar for both experienced and less experienced clinicians (P > 0.99).ConclusionThe Norwegian classification system is a clinician‐friendly system for placental pathology reporting.
Estrogen receptor polymorphisms and incident dementia: The prospective 3C study
Authors: Ryan Joanne , Carrière Isabelle , Carcaillon Laure , Dartigues Jean‐Francois , Auriacombe Sophie , Rouaud Olivier , Berr Claudine , Ritchie Karen , Scarabin Pierre‐Yves , Ancelin Marie‐Laure 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundGenetic variation in the estrogen receptor (ESR) may be associated with the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but this association could be modified by genetic and environmental factors.MethodsThe association between fiveESRα (ESR1) and β (ESR2) polymorphisms with 7‐year dementia incidence was examined among 6959 older men and women from the Three City Study using multivariate‐adjusted Cox regression models with delayed entry. Gender, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, and hormone treatment were considered as potential effect modifiers of this association.ResultsAmong women, the CC genotype ofESR1rs2234693was specifically associated with a small increased risk of AD (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–2.28,P= .03). However, women with this genotype had a substantially increased risk of AD associated with theAPOEε4 allele (adjusted HR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.81–5.79 for womenrs2234693CC; compared with HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.37–2.56 for all women). There was also evidence of a nominally significant interaction between theESR1andESR2polymorphisms on the risk of all dementias (P= .04). Hormone treatment did not modify these associations, and there were no significant associations in men.ConclusionsAlthough there was only weak support for a gender‐specific association between the commonESR1rs2234693polymorphism and AD, this polymorphism may act as an effect modifier, modifying the association between anESR2polymorphism and dementia, as well as the risk of AD associated with theAPOEε4 allele.
Factors Associated With the Ability to Estimate Actual Speeds in Recreational Alpine Skiers
Authors: Ruedl Gerhard , Brunner Friedrich , Woldrich Tomas , Faulhaber Martin , Kopp Martin , Nachbauer Werner , Burtscher Martin 
Published: March 2013

Objective To measure on-slope speeds of alpine skiers and to compare their ability to accurately estimate their actual speed with regard to measured speed, age, sex, skill level, helmet use, and risk-taking behavior. Methods Skiing speeds of 416 adult skiers (62% men, 38% women) were measured with a radar speed gun. Skiers were interviewed about their age, sex, skiing ability, helmet use, and risk-taking behavior. Additionally, skiers had to estimate their measured speed as accurately as possible. The difference between estimated and measured speed was described as error of estimation (EE). Results Mean measured speed (±SD) of all participants was 48.2 (±14.3) km/h. Pearson correlation coefficient between the actual speed and the estimated speed was 0.57 ( P < .001) for all participants. Skiers underestimated their measured speed on average by 5.8 km/h or 8.1%. A multiple hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that when skiing speed is increased by 1 km/h the EE significantly decreases by 0.5 km/h. Male sex, higher skill level, risky skiing behavior, and younger age groups showed a significantly better ability to estimate skiing speed, whereas ski helmet use did not. Conclusions Skiing speed, age, sex, skill level, and risk-taking behavior seem to influence the ability to estimate actual speeds in recreational alpine skiers.
Can barotropic tide–eddy interactions excite internal waves?
Authors: Lelong M.-P. , Kunze E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe interaction of barotropic tidal currents and baroclinic geostrophic eddies is considered theoretically and numerically to determine whether energy can be transferred to an internal wave field by this process. The eddy field evolves independently of the tide, suggesting that it acts catalytically in facilitating energy transfer from the barotropic tide to the internal wave field, without exchanging energy with the other flow components. The interaction is identically zero and no waves are generated when the barotropic tidal current is horizontally uniform. Optimal internal wave generation occurs when the scales of tide and eddy fields satisfy resonant conditions. The most efficient generation is found if the tidal current horizontal scale is comparable to that of the eddies, with a weak maximum when the scales differ by a factor of two. Thus, this process is not an effective mechanism for internal wave excitation in the deep ocean, where tidal current scales are much larger than those of eddies, but it may provide an additional source of internal waves in coastal areas where horizontal modulation of the tide by topography can be significant.