bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excitatory GABA induces BDNF transcription via CRTC1 and phosphorylated CREB‐related pathways in immature cortical cells
Authors: Fukuchi Mamoru , Kirikoshi Yuya , Mori Atsumi , Eda Reika , Ihara Daisuke , Takasaki Ichiro , Tabuchi Akiko , Tsuda Masaaki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlthough the excitatory action of GABA has been shown to activate the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Using cultured rat cortical cells, we here demonstrated that GABA induced Bdnf mRNA expression mainly via L‐type voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels (L‐VDCC) at the early stage and inhibited it at the late stage of the culture, which corresponded to the excitatory and inhibitory states of cortical cells. The excitatory GABA‐induced Bdnf mRNA expression was controlled by multiple Ca2+ signaling pathways including Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase (CaMK), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and calcineurin (CN). The Bdnf‐promoter IV (Bdnf‐pIV) was activated by GABA, mainly via cAMP‐response element (CRE)/CREB, and this was prevented by the over‐expression of a dominant negative CREB. The nuclear translocation of CREB‐regulated transcriptional coactivator 1 (CRTC1) was selectively induced by the GABA‐induced CN pathway to activate Bdnf‐pIV. On the other hand, GABA‐induced Gal4‐CREB‐dependent transcription, which was controlled by multiple Ca2+ signaling pathways, was prevented when the serine at position 133 of Gal4‐CREB was mutated to alanine. Taken together, the excitatory action of GABA transcriptionally activated Bdnf expression through the combination of nuclear‐localized CRTC1 and phosphorylated CREB in immature cortical cells, and may be the molecular mechanisms underlying Bdnf expression to control neuronal development.
imageWe demonstrated that GABA induced Bdnf expression at the early stage of the culture, in which GABA exerted its excitatory action. The excitatory GABA‐induced Bdnf expression was controlled by multiple Ca2+ signaling pathways evoked via L‐VDCC. Both the CREB coactivator, CRTC1 and CREB phosphorylation participated in excitatory GABA‐induced Bdnf transcription. Our present study indicates the mechanism underlying the excitatory GABA‐induced Bdnf expression in immature neurons and provide new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying Bdnf expression to control neuronal development.
Primary glioblastoma cultures: can profiling of stem cell markers predict radiotherapy sensitivity?
Authors: Lemke Dieter , Weiler Markus , Blaes Jonas , Wiestler Benedikt , Jestaedt Leonie , Klein Ann‐Catherine , Löw Sarah , Eisele Günter , Radlwimmer Bernhard , Capper David , Schmieder Kirsten , Mittelbronn Michel , Combs Stephanie E. , Bendszus Martin , Weller Michael , Platten Michael , Wick Wolfgang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHuman glioblastomas may be hierarchically organized. Within this hierarchy, glioblastoma‐initiating cells have been proposed to be more resistant to radiochemotherapy and responsible for recurrence. Here, established stem cell markers and stem cell attributed characteristics such as self‐renewal capacity and tumorigenicity have been profiled in primary glioblastoma cultures to predict radiosensitivity. Furthermore, the sensitivity to radiotherapy of different subpopulations within a single primary glioblastoma culture was analyzed by a flow cytometric approach using Nestin, SRY (sex‐determining region Y)‐box 2 (SOX2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein. The protein expression of Nestin and SOX2 as well as the mRNA levels of Musashi1, L1 cell adhesion molecule, CD133, Nestin, and pleiomorphic adenoma gene‐like 2 inversely correlated with radioresistance in regard to the clonogenic potential. Only CD44 protein expression correlated positively with radioresistance. In terms of proliferation, Nestin protein expression and Musashi1, pleiomorphic adenoma gene‐like 2, and CD133 mRNA levels are inversely correlated with radioresistance. Higher expression of stem cell markers does not correlate with resistance to radiochemotherapy in the cancer genome atlas glioblastoma collective. SOX2 expressing subpopulations exist within single primary glioblastoma cultures. These subpopulations predominantly form the proliferative pool of the primary cultures and are sensitive to irradiation. Thus, profiling of established stem cell markers revealed a surprising result. Except CD44, the tested stem cell markers showed an inverse correlation between expression and radioresistance.
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Markers used to define glioma‐initiating cells (GIC) are generally not defining a more resistant, but rather a more sensitive group of glioma cells. An exemption is CD44 expression. Also proliferation of the GIC culture itself was not systematically associated with radiosensitivity or – resistance, but a SOX‐2 positive, proliferative subgroup within a GIC culture is showing the highest radiosensitivity.
Maxillary Rehabilitation Using a Removable Partial Denture with Attachments in a Cleft Lip and Palate Patient: A Clinical Report
Authors: Palmeiro Marina Rechden Lobato , Piffer Caroline Scheeren , Brunetto Vivian Martins , Maccari Paulo César , Shinkai Rosemary Sadami Arai 
Published: June 2014

AbstractClefts of the lip and/or palate (CLP) are oral‐facial defects that affect health and overall quality of life. CLP patients often need multidisciplinary treatment to restore oral function and esthetics. This paper describes the oral rehabilitation of a CLP adult patient who had maxillary bone and tooth loss, resulting in decreased occlusal vertical dimension. Functional and cosmetic rehabilitation was achieved using a maxillary removable partial denture (RPD) attached to telescopic crowns. Attachment‐retained RPDs may be a cost‐effective alternative for oral rehabilitation in challenging cases with substantial loss of oral tissues, especially when treatment with fixed dental prostheses and/or dental implants is not possible.
Lung recruitment and endotracheal suction in ventilated preterm infants measured with electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Hough Judith L , Shearman Andrew D , Liley Helen , Grant Caroline A , Schibler Andreas 
Published: June 2014

AimsAlthough suctioning is a standard airway maintenance procedure, there are significant associated risks, such as loss of lung volume due to high negative suction pressures. This study aims to assess the extent and duration of change in end‐expiratory level (EEL) resulting from endotracheal tube (ETT) suction and to examine the relationship between EEL and regional lung ventilation in ventilated preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.MethodsA prospective observational clinical study of the effect of ETT suction on 20 non‐muscle‐relaxed preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on conventional mechanical ventilation was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit. Ventilation distribution was measured with regional impedance amplitudes and EEL using electrical impedance tomography.ResultsETT suction resulted in a significant increase in EEL post‐suction (P < 0.01). Regionally, anterior EEL decreased and posterior EEL increased post‐suction, suggesting heterogeneity. Tidal volume was significantly lower in volume‐guarantee ventilation compared with pressure‐controlled ventilation (P = 0.04).ConclusionsETT suction in non‐muscle‐relaxed and ventilated preterm infants with RDS results in significant lung volume increase that is maintained for at least 90 min. Regional differences in distribution of ventilation with ETT suction suggest that the behaviour of the lung is heterogeneous in nature.
Effect of added dietary threonine on growth performance, health, immunity and gastrointestinal function of weaning pigs with differing genetic susceptibility to Escherichia coli infection and challenged with E. coli K88ac
Authors: Trevisi P. , Corrent E. , Mazzoni M. , Messori S. , Priori D. , Gherpelli Y. , Simongiovanni A. , Bosi P. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThreonine (Thr) is important for mucin and immunoglobulin production. We studied the effect of added dietary Thr on growth performance, health, immunity and gastrointestinal function of weaning pigs with differing genetic susceptibility to E. coli K88ac (ETEC) infection and challenged with ETEC. Forty‐eight 24‐day‐old weaned pigs were divided into two groups by their ETEC susceptibility using mucin 4 (MUC4) gene as a marker (2 MUC4−/−, not‐susceptible, and 2 MUC4+/+, susceptible, pigs per litter). Within genotype, pigs were fed two different diets: 8.5 (LThr) or 9.0 (HThr) g Thr/kg. Pigs were orally challenged on day 7 after weaning and slaughtered on day 12 or 13 after weaning. Before ETEC challenge, HThr pigs ate more (p < 0.05). The diet did not affect post‐challenge growth, but HThr tended to increase post‐challenge feed efficiency (p = 0.087) and overall growth (p = 0.087) and feed efficiency (p = 0.055). Before challenge, HThr pigs excreted less E. coli (p < 0.05), while after challenge, diet did not affect the number of days with diarrhoea and ETEC excretion. MUC4+/+ pigs responded to the challenge with more diarrhoea, ETEC excretion and anti‐K88 IgA in blood and jejunal secretion (p < 0.001). HThr pigs had a higher increase of anti‐K88 IgA values in jejunal secretion (p = 0.089) and in blood (p = 0.089, in MUC4+/+ pigs only). Thr did not affect total IgA and IgM values, morphometry of jejunum, goblet cells count in colon, total mucin from jejunum and colon, but varied jejunal goblet cells counts (p < 0.05). In the first two post‐weaning weeks, 8.5 g Thr/kg diet may be not sufficient to optimize initial feed intake, overall feed efficiency and intestinal IgA secretion and to control the gut microbiota in the first post‐weaning week, irrespective of the pig genetic susceptibility to ETEC infection.
Sounds produced by the longsnout seahorse: a study of their structure and functions
Authors: Oliveira T. P. R. , Ladich F. , Abed‐Navandi D. , Souto A. S. , Rosa I. L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSeahorses are known to produce sounds in different behavioural contexts, but information on the sound production in this fish group is scarce. Here we examined the acoustic behaviour of the longsnout seahorse Hippocampus reidi by analysing sound production when fish were introduced to a new environment and during feeding, handling and courtship. We show that males and females produce two distinct sound types: ‘clicks’ (main energy between 50 and 800 Hz) during feeding and courtship, and previously undescribed ‘growls’ (main energy concentrated below 200 Hz). The latter consists of series of sound pulses uttered in stress situations when the animals were handheld. Growls were accompanied by body vibrations, and may constitute an additional escape mechanism in seahorses, which might startle predators. During reproductive behaviour, clicks were most abundant on the third (last) day of courtship; they were particularly associated with the males’ pouch‐pumping behaviour, suggesting synchronization between sound production and courtship behaviour. This is consistent with the biology of Hippocampus species, which are mostly monogamous and form pair bonds. Thus, a courtship call may be used to signal readiness to mate.
A novel elicitor protein from Phytophthora parasitica induces plant basal immunity and systemic acquired resistance
Authors: Chang Yi‐Hsuan , Yan Hao‐Zhi , Liou Ruey‐Fen 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe interaction between Phytophthora pathogens and host plants involves the exchange of complex molecular signals from both sides. Recent studies of Phytophthora have led to the identification of various apoplastic elicitors known to trigger plant immunity. Here, we provide evidence that the protein encoded by OPEL of Phytophthora parasitica is a novel elicitor. Homologues of OPEL were identified only in oomycetes, but not in fungi and other organisms. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) revealed that OPEL is expressed throughout the development of P. parasitica and is especially highly induced after plant infection. Infiltration of OPEL recombinant protein from Escherichia coli into leaves of Nicotiana tabacum (cv. Samsun NN) resulted in cell death, callose deposition, the production of reactive oxygen species and induced expression of pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity markers and salicylic acid‐responsive defence genes. Moreover, the infiltration conferred systemic resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including Tobacco mosaic virus, the bacteria wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum and P. parasitica. In addition to the signal peptide, OPEL contains three conserved domains: a thaumatin‐like domain, a glycine‐rich protein domain and a glycosyl hydrolase (GH) domain. Intriguingly, mutation of a putative laminarinase active site motif in the predicted GH domain abolished its elicitor activity, which suggests enzymatic activity of OPEL in triggering the defence response.
Absence of intestinal inflammation and postoperative ileus in a mouse model of laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Gomez‐Pinilla Pedro J. , Binda Maria M , Lissens Ann , Di Giovangiulio Martina , van Bree Sjoerd H. , Nemethova Andrea , Stakenborg Nathalie , Farro Giovanna , Bosmans Goele , Matteoli Gianluca , Deprest Jan , Boeckxstaens Guy E 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative ileus (POI) is characterized by impaired gastrointestinal motility resulting from intestinal handling‐associated inflammation. The introduction of laparoscopic surgery has dramatically reduced the duration of POI. However, it remains unclear to what extent this results in a reduction of intestinal inflammation. The aim of the present study is to compare the degree of intestinal inflammation and gastrointestinal transit following laparoscopic surgery and open abdominal surgery.MethodsMice were subjected to laparoscopic surgery or laparotomy alone or, in combination with standardized intestinal manipulation of the small bowel (IM). Gastrointestinal transit and intestinal inflammation were assessed 24 h after surgery by the number of myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive cells and the level of cytokine expression. The recovery time and the degree of inflammation were also analyzed in patients subjected to colectomy under open conditions (laparotomy) or laparoscopic conditions.Key ResultsMice undergoing IM by laparotomy (open IM), but not by laparoscopy (Lap IM) developed a significant delay in gastrointestinal transit compared to laparotomy or laparoscopy alone. In addition, there was significant intestinal inflammation only after open IM. Similarly, cytokine levels in peritoneal lavage fluid were lower while recovery time was faster in patients subjected to colectomy under laparoscopic conditions compared to open colectomy.Conclusions & InferencesOur data confirms that intestinal inflammation is underlying the delayed gastrointestinal transit observed after open surgery. Most importantly, we demonstrate that intestinal inflammation under laparoscopic conditions is significantly lower compared to open surgery, most likely explaining the faster recovery following laparoscopic surgery.
Transcriptomic and physiological characterization of the fefe mutant of melon (Cucumis melo) reveals new aspects of iron–copper crosstalk
Authors: Waters Brian M. , McInturf Samuel A. , Amundsen Keenan 
Published: June 2014

Summary

Iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) homeostasis are tightly linked across biology. In previous work, Fe deficiency interacted with Cu‐regulated genes and stimulated Cu accumulation.

The C940‐fe (fefe) Fe‐uptake mutant of melon (Cucumis melo) was characterized, and the fefe mutant was used to test whether Cu deficiency could stimulate Fe uptake. Wild‐type and fefe mutant transcriptomes were determined by RNA‐seq under Fe and Cu deficiency.

FeFe‐regulated genes included core Fe uptake, metal homeostasis, and transcription factor genes. Numerous genes were regulated by both Fe and Cu. The fefe mutant was rescued by high Fe or by Cu deficiency, which stimulated ferric‐chelate reductase activity, FRO2 expression, and Fe accumulation. Accumulation of Fe in Cu‐deficient plants was independent of the normal Fe‐uptake system. One of the four FRO genes in the melon and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) genomes was Fe‐regulated, and one was Cu‐regulated. Simultaneous Fe and Cu deficiency synergistically up‐regulated Fe‐uptake gene expression.

Overlap in Fe and Cu deficiency transcriptomes highlights the importance of Fe–Cu crosstalk in metal homeostasis. The fefe gene is not orthologous to FIT, and thus identification of this gene will provide clues to help understand regulation of Fe uptake in plants.
The inflammophilic character of the periodontitis‐associated microbiota
Authors: Hajishengallis G. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIn periodontitis, dysbiotic microbial communities exhibit synergistic interactions for enhanced protection from host defenses, nutrient acquisition, and persistence in an inflammatory environment. This review discusses evidence that periodontitis‐associated communities are ‘inflammo‐philic’ (=loving or attracted to inflammation) in that they have evolved to not only endure inflammation but also to take advantage of it. In this regard, inflammation can drive the selection and enrichment of these pathogenic communities by providing a source of nutrients in the form of tissue breakdown products (e.g. degraded collagen peptides and heme‐containing compounds). In contrast, those species that cannot benefit from the altered ecological conditions of the inflammatory environment, or for which host inflammation is detrimental, are likely to be outcompeted. Consistent with the concept that inflammation fosters the growth of dysbiotic microbial communities, the bacterial biomass of human periodontitis‐associated biofilms was shown to increase with increasing periodontal inflammation. Conversely, anti‐inflammatory treatments in animal models of periodontitis were shown to diminish the periodontal bacterial load, in addition to protecting from bone loss. The selective flourishing of inflammophilic bacteria can perpetuate inflammatory tissue destruction by setting off a ‘vicious cycle’ for disease progression, in which dysbiosis and inflammation reinforce each other. Therefore, the control of inflammation appears to be central to the treatment of periodontitis, as it is likely to control both dysbiosis and disease progression.
Breast cancer threat appraisal: design and psychometric analysis of a new scale for older women
Authors: Wood Robin Y. , Della‐Monica Nola R. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThe prospect of being diagnosed with breast cancer generates emotional responses associated with a high degree of health threat. When considering screening, older women are faced with physical and psychological consequences inherent in considering the threat of disease.Aims and objectivesTo describe the development and evaluate initial reliability and validity of the Breast Cancer Threat Appraisal Scale (BCTAS), a self‐report instrument measuring psychosocial and situational factors related to breast cancer threat appraisal in older women.Design and methodsPreliminary survey items for the Breast Cancer Threat Appraisal Scale (BCTAS) were designed using content experts and focus groups and subsequently tested by a sample of older women. Two hundred forty‐three (n = 243) complete data sets were submitted to principal components analysis (PCA). Internal consistency reliability and construct validity of resulting factors were measured.ResultsPCA with orthogonal rotation resulted in four components defined by 34 items with loadings of ≥0.40. Internal consistency reliability was evident in all four components (Component # 1 = 0.87, Component # 2 = 0.81, Component # 3 = 0.70 and Component # 4 = 0.72). Correlations between Breast Cancer Fear and total BCTAS (r = 0.29, P < 0.001) and Component # 3 (r = 0.39, P < 0.001) provided partial construct validity.ConclusionsPsychometric analysis provided initial evidence of reliability for four conceptually meaningful scales and partial construct validity for total score and one factor.Implications for PracticeUsing these empirically derived scales may clarify for health providers how older women perceive personal threat of breast cancer and inform collaborative decision‐making to foster screening.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Hoyle P. , Steele J.C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGranulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), which was formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis, is a rare systemic condition with oral manifestations. This case report describes and discusses the oral presentation, investigations, diagnosis and management options in a patient who was diagnosed with GPA.
The effect of convective heating on evaporative heat loss in anesthetized children
Authors: Cassey John , Salter Jo , Colyvas Kim , Burstal Richard , Stanger Rohan 
Published: June 2014

SummaryBackgroundConvective warming is effective in maintaining core temperature under anesthesia. It may increase evaporative water loss (EWL). If significant, further investigation of warming modifications to minimize this impact would be warranted.ObjectivesTo quantify EWL in two groups of children (warmed and nonwarmed) having surgical procedures under anesthesia.MethodsWe performed an observational study of well children having general anesthesia for elective surgical procedures lasting ≥60 min. They were recruited sequentially to each of three age groups: 1–12 months, 13 months –5 years, and 5–12 years – with each age group divided into convectively warmed (43°C) and nonwarmed (21°C) subgroups. Evaporative heat loss (EHL) was calculated from accurate measurement of net EWL during the surgical period.ResultsSixty children were studied. As a percentage of body mass, mean EWLs were 0.29 (warmed) and 0.09 (nonwarmed). Using an ancova model, only procedure duration had a significant impact and explained why the extended procedural time in some convectively warmed children led to higher mean EWLs for that group. For the nonwarmed group, the mean Tcore drop was 1.27°C with a contribution from EWL of 0.6°C over ~70 min.ConclusionsWithin the age range 1 month–12 years, EHL is not significantly influenced by convective heating under anesthesia. There is no thermal advantage in exploring technique modifications such as humidifying the warming air. Previous estimates of the contribution of EHL to total heat loss in anesthetized children may require revision.
Differential expression of miRNAs and their target genes in senescing leaves and siliques: insights from deep sequencing of small RNAs and cleaved target RNAs
Authors: THATCHER SHAWN R. , BURD SHAUL , WRIGHT CHRISTOPHER , LERS AMNON , GREEN PAMELA J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs, which typically function by guiding cleavage of target mRNAs. They are known to play roles in a variety of plant processes including development, responses to environmental stresses and senescence. To identify senescence regulation of miRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana, eight small RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced at four different stages of development and senescence from both leaves and siliques, resulting in more than 200 million genome‐matched sequences. Parallel analysis of RNA ends libraries, which enable the large‐scale examination of miRNA‐guided cleavage products, were constructed and sequenced, resulting in over 750 million genome‐matched sequences. These large datasets led to the identification a new senescence‐inducible small RNA locus, as well as new regulation of known miRNAs and their target genes during senescence, many of which have established roles in nutrient responsiveness and cell structural integrity. In keeping with remobilization of nutrients thought to occur during senescence, many miRNAs and targets had opposite expression pattern changes between leaf and silique tissues during the progression of senescence. Taken together, these findings highlight the integral role that miRNAs may play in the remobilization of resources and alteration of cellular structure that is known to occur in senescence.