bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Precision Spatial Positioning
Authors: Schulze Birgit 
Published: April 2015

AbstractToday, computed tomography (CT) is an established method with synchrotron radiation sources to obtain volume information from numerous sample types at micrometer resolution. However, it is a fact that the examination of extended flat microsystems or planar test objects is often unsatisfactory when the sample is considerably larger than the area of interest for examination. The considerable variation in X‐ray transmission during a scan often creates artefacts during reconstruction. This limitation was overcome by introducing a new imaging method which now enables calculating threedimensional representations of flat, widely extended objects. However, to obtain meaningful raw data, the sample and the detector need to be positioned with high precision and stability. This demanding task was solved by employing a positioning system specifically developed for this task.
Delayed hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes after performing moderate intensity exercise before the evening meal
Authors: Charlton Jacqui , Kilbride Lynn , MacLean Rory , Darlison Mark G , McKnight John 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFor a person with type 1 diabetes, participation in exercise may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia. Research has been performed during or immediately after exercise in a laboratory environment, with limited evidence regarding strategies for post‐exercise hypoglycaemia prevention.The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of delayed hypoglycaemia after 40 minutes of moderate intensity exercise at 70% VO2 max before the evening meal, in both the real‐life and laboratory exercise environments.Nine individuals (five males, four females) with type 1 diabetes using basal bolus analogue insulin regimens participated. All performed two sessions of 40 minutes of moderate intensity exercise in two environments (laboratory and real‐life), while following a self‐management algorithm that included a 30% reduction of post‐exercise evening meal insulin. Data were collected by continuous glucose monitoring for episodes of interstitial glucose <4.0 mmol/L at two‐hourly time‐points for 12 hours post‐exercise.Before the evening meal, the mean blood glucose concentrations were: laboratory 8.0 ± 1.9 mmol/L and real‐life 9.9 ± 4.1 mmol/L. During 2–6 hours after exercise, episodes of glucose concentrations <4.0 mmol/L were: laboratory n = 5, and real‐life n = 2. This compared to 8–12 hours after: laboratory n = 3, and real‐life n = 8. Hypoglycaemia unawareness was noted in eight of all 18 post‐evening meal episodes of <4.0 mmol/L (laboratory n = 5, real‐life n = 3).Despite post‐exercise fast‐acting insulin dose reduction of 30%, delayed hypoglycaemia occurred in both environments with an increase during 8–12 hours in the real‐life environment. Recommendations from data suggest carbohydrate consumption at bedtime, and evening exercisers to perform blood glucose monitoring 8–12 hours post‐exercise. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.
Improving the communication pathway for eye screening in paediatric diabetes
Authors: McIntyre B , Chatterjee Sumana , Cole Abosede , Burren CP 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision loss in young adults. Current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines require that all children aged ≥12 years with diabetes are offered retinal screening annually. A local 2009–2010 audit identified that 57% underwent screening but only 16% had results documented with the paediatric diabetes service, highlighting areas for improvement. In 2011, the paediatric diabetes service formulated a standard operating procedure with the eye screening programme to improve referrals, screening and data collection.We undertook a retrospective analysis of paediatric diabetes patients aged ≥12, attending a large paediatric diabetes service from April 2012 to April 2013.Out of an eligible 268, evidence of referral was available for 259 and nine had no data. A total of 241 (90%) had results recorded for submission to the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit (NPDA). The remaining 18 had screening but paediatric services had no recorded data. In all, 256 attended screening and three patients did not attend, thus giving a 96% screening rate (256/268). Of 251 with gradable images, 18 patients (7.2%) had retinopathy. Those with retinopathy had higher HbA1c (85mmol/mol) than those without (73mmol/mol); p=0.011. No correlation was found with age of diagnosis or duration of diabetes.Improvements in screening rates from 57% to 96%, recording rates from 16% to 90% and a 96% local screening rate compared to a 49.7% national screening rate (NPDA 2012–2013) clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of collaboration between services and of a structured clinical pathway. The findings also confirm retinopathy is more prevalent in children with diabetes with poor glycaemic control, underlining the importance of improving glycaemic control. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.
A large‐scale proteogenomics study of apicomplexan pathogens—Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum
Authors: Krishna Ritesh , Xia Dong , Sanderson Sanya , Shanmugasundram Achchuthan , Vermont Sarah , Bernal Axel , Daniel‐Naguib Gianluca , Ghali Fawaz , Brunk Brian P. , Roos David S. , Wastling Jonathan M. , Jones Andrew R. 
Published: April 2015

Proteomics data can supplement genome annotation efforts, for example being used to confirm gene models or correct gene annotation errors. Here, we present a large‐scale proteogenomics study of two important apicomplexan pathogens: Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. We queried proteomics data against a panel of official and alternate gene models generated directly from RNASeq data, using several newly generated and some previously published MS datasets for this meta‐analysis. We identified a total of 201 996 and 39 953 peptide‐spectrum matches for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively, at a 1% peptide FDR threshold. This equated to the identification of 30 494 distinct peptide sequences and 2921 proteins (matches to official gene models) for T. gondii, and 8911 peptides/1273 proteins for N. caninum following stringent protein‐level thresholding. We have also identified 289 and 140 loci for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively, which mapped to RNA‐Seq‐derived gene models used in our analysis and apparently absent from the official annotation (release 10 from EuPathDB) of these species. We present several examples in our study where the RNA‐Seq evidence can help in correction of the current gene model and can help in discovery of potential new genes. The findings of this study have been integrated into the EuPathDB. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD000297and PXD000298.
Electrospray droplet exposure to polar vapors: Delayed desolvation of protein complexes
Authors: DeMuth J. Corinne , Bu Jiexun , McLuckey Scott A. 
Published: April 2015

RationaleFragile non‐covalent complexes are susceptible to dissociation upon introduction into and transmission through the mass spectrometer. The exposure of nanoelectrospray droplets to various polar vapors, which are introduced into the curtain gas, is shown to stabilize non‐covalent protein complexes even under relatively energetic ion transfer conditions. This study probes the mechanism by which polar vapor exposure appears to stabilize non‐covalent protein complex ions in the gas phase.MethodsHolomyoglobin and hemoglobin were dissolved in either aqueous 1 mM ammonium acetate or ammonium bicarbonate solutions and ionized via nanoelectrospray ionization in the positive polarity. Polar vapors were entrained within the counter‐current drying gas and exposed to nanoelectrospray droplets for circa 1 ms within the interface of a quadrupole/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. Mass spectra were acquired using various voltage gradients within the mass spectrometer.ResultsIn the absence of added reagent vapors, significant fragmentation of holomyoglobin ions is noted with high voltage gradients for ions either entering or departing q0, a transmission quadrupole closely coupled to the skimmer exit. However, upon the introduction of reagent vapors, essentially 100% of the holomyoglobin complex can be preserved. Significant stabilization is noted at both relatively high q0 entrance and exit gradients when ions are transmitted through q0. These results indicate that upon vapor exposure the holomyoglobin ions are not completely desolvated as they enter or exit q0 under normal ion transmission conditions.ConclusionsThe apparent stabilization of protein complexes and other non‐covalent complexes noted here and elsewhere is attributed to the delayed desolvation of the ions. This allows the solvated ions to be transmitted through relatively high voltage gradients without disrupting the non‐covalent interactions holding the complexes together. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Assessment of Braking Reaction Time following THA Using a New Fully Interactive Driving Simulator
Authors: Ruel Allison V. , Lee Yuo-yu , Boles John , Boettner Friedrich , Su Edwin , Westrich Geoffrey H. 
Published: April 2015

Background After total hip replacement surgery, patients are eager to resume the activities of daily life, particularly driving. Most surgeons recommend waiting 6 weeks after surgery to resume driving; however, there is no evidence to indicate that patients cannot resume driving earlier. Questions/Purposes Our purpose was to evaluate when in the recovery period following THA that patients regain or improve upon their preoperative braking reaction time, allowing them to safely resume driving. Methods We measured and compared pre- and postoperative braking reaction times of 90 patients from 3 different surgeons using a Fully Interactive Driving Simulator (Simulator Systems International, Tulsa, OK). We defined a return to safe braking reaction time as a return to a time value that is either equal to or less than the preoperative braking reaction time. Results Patients tested at 2 and 3 weeks after surgery had slower braking reaction times than preoperative times by an average of 0.069 and 0.009 s, respectively. At 4 weeks after surgery, however, patients improved their reaction times by 0.035 s ( p = 0.0398). In addition, at 2, 3, and 4 weeks postoperatively, the results also demonstrated that patient less than 70 years of age recovered faster. Conclusions Based upon the results of this study, most patients should be allowed to return to driving 4 weeks following minimally invasive primary total hip arthroplasty.
Biodiesel Synthesis from Styrax confusus Hemsl Catalyzed by S2O82−/ZrO2‐TiO2‐Fe3O4
Authors: Wang Yigang , Nie Xiaoan , Liu Zhenxing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBiodiesel has been identified as a suitable resource that can be produced from biomass such as Styrax confusus Hemsl. In the current study, biodiesel was synthesized from Styrax confusus Hemsl oil catalyzed by a magnetic solid acid heterogeneous catalyst S2O82−/ZrO2‐TiO2‐Fe3O4, which had a high recovery rate and reusability. The catalyst was prepared by co‐precipitation and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) adsorption. The properties of the catalyst, including the recovery rate, usage count, magnetic susceptibility and catalytic efficiency, were studied. The results showed that the catalyst has a BET pore diameter of 1.74 nm, BET area of 7.3 m2/g, molar magnetic susceptibility of 1.83 × 10−5 m3/kg and tetragonal structure. In addition, the influences of reaction conditions on yields of biodiesel were also discussed. A fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 90.02 % was obtained under the conditions of reaction time 1.5 h, reaction temperature 373 K, catalyst amount 5 %, and methanol‐to‐oil molar ratio 8:1. A FAME yield of 65.5 % was obtained when the catalyst was used for the fourth time.
Developing Knowledge and Leadership in Pre-Service Teacher Education Systems
Authors: Ferreira Jo-Anne , Ryan Lisa , Davis Julie 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPre-service teacher education institutions are large and complex organisations that are notoriously difficult to change. One factor is that many change efforts focus largely on individual pre-service teacher educators altering their practice. We report here on our experience using a model for effecting change, which views pre-service teacher education institutions and educators as a part of a much broader system. We identified numerous possibilities for, and constraints on, embedding change, but focus only on two in this article: participants’ knowledge of change strategies and their leadership capacities. As a result of our study findings and researcher reflections, we argue that being a leader in an academic area within pre-service teacher education does not equate to leadership knowledge or skills to initiate and enact systems-wide change. Furthermore, such leadership capacities must be explicitly developed if education for sustainability is to become embedded in pre-service teacher education.
Positive area and inaccessible fixed points for hedgehogs
Authors: BISWAS KINGSHOOK 
Published: April 2015

Let $f$ be a germ of holomorphic diffeomorphism with an irrationally indifferent fixed point at the origin in $\mathbb{C}$ (i.e. $f(0)=0,f^{\prime }(0)=e^{2{\it\pi}i{\it\alpha}},{\it\alpha}\in \mathbb{R}-\mathbb{Q}$). Perez-Marco showed the existence of a unique family of non-trivial invariant full continua containing the fixed point called Siegel compacta. When $f$ is non-linearizable (i.e. not holomorphically conjugate to the rigid rotation $R_{{\it\alpha}}(z)=e^{2{\it\pi}i{\it\alpha}}z$) the invariant compacts obtained are called hedgehogs. Perez-Marco developed techniques for the construction of examples of non-linearizable germs [Fixed points and circle maps. Acta Math. 179(2) (1997), 243–294]; these were used by the author to construct hedgehogs of Hausdorff dimension one, and adapted by Cheritat [Relatively compact Siegel disks with non-locally connected boundaries, Preprint, 2009] to construct Siegel disks with pseudo-circle boundaries. We use these techniques to construct hedgehogs of positive area and hedgehogs with inaccessible fixed points.
Actions of finite rank: weak rational ergodicity and partial rigidity
Authors: DANILENKO ALEXANDRE I. 
Published: April 2015

A simple proof of the fact that each rank-one infinite measure preserving (i.m.p.) transformation is subsequence weakly rationally ergodic is found. Some classes of funny rank-one i.m.p. actions of Abelian groups are shown to be subsequence weakly rationally ergodic. A constructive definition of finite funny rank for actions of arbitrary infinite countable groups is given. It is shown that the ergodic i.m.p. transformations of balanced finite funny rank are subsequence weakly rationally ergodic. It is shown that the ergodic probability preserving transformations of exact finite rank, the ergodic Bratteli–Vershik maps corresponding to the ‘consecutively ordered’ Bratteli diagrams of finite rank, some their generalizations and the ergodic interval exchange transformations are partially rigid.
Simultaneous ingestion of high-methoxy pectin from apple can enhance absorption of quercetin in human subjects
Authors: Nishijima Tomohiko , Takida Yoshiki , Saito Yasuo , Ikeda Takayuki , Iwai Kunihisa 
Published: April 2015

Chronic ingestion of apple pectin has been shown to increase the absorption of quercetin in rats. The present study was designed to elucidate whether the simultaneous ingestion of quercetin with apple pectin could enhance the absorption of quercetin in humans, and the effects of dose dependency and degree of pectin methylation on quercetin absorption were also investigated. Healthy volunteers (n19) received 200 ml of 0·5 mg/ml of quercetin drinks with or without 10 mg/ml of pectin each in a randomised cross-over design study with over 1-week intervals; urine samples from all the subjects were collected within 24 h after ingestion of the test drinks, and urinary deconjugated quercetin and its metabolites were determined using HPLC. The sum of urinary quercetin and its metabolites excreted was increased by 2·5-fold by the simultaneous ingestion of pectin. The metabolism of methylated quercetin (isorhamnetin and tamarixetin) was not affected by pectin ingestion. In six volunteers, who received quercetin drinks containing 0, 3 and 10 mg/ml of pectin, the sum of urinary quercetin and its metabolites excreted also increased in a pectin dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the simultaneous ingestion of quercetin with low-methoxy and high-methoxy pectin, respectively, increased the sum of urinary excretion of quercetin and its metabolites by 1·69-fold and significantly by 2·13-fold compared with the ingestion of quercetin without pectin. These results elucidated that apple pectin immediately enhanced quercetin absorption in human subjects, and that its enhancing effect was dependent on the dose and degree of pectin methylation. The results also suggested that the viscosity of pectin may play a role in the enhancement of quercetin absorption.
Midlife plasma vitamin D concentrations and performance in different cognitive domains assessed 13 years later
Authors: Assmann Karen E. , Touvier Mathilde , Andreeva Valentina A. , Deschasaux Mélanie , Constans Thierry , Hercberg Serge , Galan Pilar , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2015

25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) insufficiency is very common in many countries. Yet, the extent to which 25(OH)D status affects cognitive performance remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cross-time association between midlife plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and subsequent cognitive performance, using a subsample from the French ‘SUpplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux AntioXydants’ randomised trial (SU.VI.MAX, 1994–2002) and the SU.VI.MAX 2 observational follow-up study (2007–9). 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in plasma samples drawn in 1994–5, using an electrochemoluminescent immunoassay. Cognitive performance was evaluated in 2007–9 with a neuropsychological battery including phonemic and semantic fluency tasks, the RI-48 (rappel indicé-48 items) cued recall test, the Trail Making Test and the forward and backward digit span. Cognitive factors were extracted via principal component analysis (PCA). Data from 1009 individuals, aged 45–60 years at baseline, with available 25(OH)D and cognitive measurements were analysed by multivariable linear regression models and ANCOVA, stratified by educational level. PCA yielded two factors, designated as ‘verbal memory’ (strongly correlated with the RI-48 and phonemic/semantic fluency tasks) and ‘short-term/working memory’ (strongly correlated with the digit span tasks). In the fully adjusted regression model, among individuals with low education, there was a positive association between 25(OH)D concentrations and the ‘short-term/working memory’ factor (P= 0·02), mainly driven by the backward digit span (P= 0·004). No association with either cognitive factor was found among better educated participants. In conclusion, higher midlife 25(OH)D concentrations were linked to better outcomes concerning short-term and working memory. However, these results were specific to subjects with low education, suggesting a modifying effect of cognitive reserve.
Social Investment and Poverty Reduction: A Comparative Analysis across Fifteen European Countries
Authors: VAN VLIET OLAF , WANG CHEN 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDespite the fact that employment rates have increased in many European countries since the beginning of the 2000s, poverty rates have stagnated and in some countries even increased. In the welfare state literature, it has been argued that these disappointing poverty trends may be partly attributable to the reforming of traditional welfare state programmes into social investment policies, because the latter are less redistributive. To date, there are only a few systematic comparative empirical analyses which focus on the outcomes of social investment policies. This paper contributes to the social investment literature by empirically analysing the distributional effects of shifts from traditional welfare state arrangements to social investment policies in fifteen European countries for the period 1997–2007. Our results suggest that the detrimental effect of social investment policies, described in some specific cases in the literature, cannot be generalised across a larger group of European countries. However, for European countries other than the Nordic countries, the results provide some evidence for a linkage between stagnating or increasing poverty trends and shifts in expenditures to new welfare state programmes.
Implicit use of radicals in learning characters for nonnative learners of Chinese
Authors: ZHANG JIE , LI HONG , DONG QIONG , XU JIE , SHOLAR ELIZABETH 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether beginning nonnative learners of Chinese can use phonological and semantic information of radicals to learn the sounds and meanings of new Chinese characters. Thirty-four seventh- and eighth-grade American adolescents, who received intensive Chinese instruction for one semester, were taught 16 compound pseudocharacters paired with novel pictures over three learning trials. After each learning trial, students were asked to produce the sounds and meanings of pseudocharacters in which semantic transparency and phonetic regularity of radicals were manipulated. Results showed a facilitation effect of transparent semantic radicals in learning character meanings in early trials. There was a trend that students learned to read regular and transparent characters better than irregular and opaque characters. The ability to learn orthography–pronunciation association uniquely predicted Chinese word reading after controlling for semantic and phonetic radical knowledge. These findings suggest a predominant use of semantic strategies and the importance of orthography to phonology mappings in learning to read Chinese for beginning nonnative learners of Chinese.
Nationwide outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg infections associated with ground turkey: United States, 2011
Authors: ROUTH J. A. , PRINGLE J. , MOHR M. , BIDOL S. , ARENDS K. , ADAMS-CAMERON M. , HANCOCK W. T. , KISSLER B. , RICKERT R. , FOLSTER J. , TOLAR B. , BOSCH S. , BARTON BEHRAVESH C. , WILLIAMS I. T. , GIERALTOWSKI L. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYOn 23 May 2011, CDC identified a multistate cluster of Salmonella Heidelberg infections and two multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates from ground turkey retail samples with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. We defined cases as isolation of outbreak strains in persons with illness onset between 27 February 2011 and 10 November 2011. Investigators collected hypothesis-generating questionnaires and shopper-card information. Food samples from homes and retail outlets were collected and cultured. We identified 136 cases of S. Heidelberg infection in 34 states. Shopper-card information, leftover ground turkey from a patient's home containing the outbreak strain and identical antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical and retail samples pointed to plant A as the source. On 3 August, plant A recalled 36 million pounds of ground turkey. This outbreak increased consumer interest in MDR Salmonella infections acquired through United States-produced poultry and played a vital role in strengthening food safety policies related to Salmonella and raw ground poultry.