bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and performance evaluation of randomly oriented strand recycled composite skins in sandwich structures: A green cost‐effective solution for aerospace secondary load‐bearing applications
Authors: Özbek Yağız , Al‐Nadhari Abdulrahman , Elmas Sinem , Eskizeybek Volkan , Yıldız Mehmet , Sas Hatice S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDespite the advantages of recycled randomly oriented strand (ROS) composites over recycled grinded ones, the warpage issue hinders their adaptation in the industry due to tolerance requirements. To address this challenge, ROS composites are incorporated into secondary bonded sandwich structures such that the core material ensures the straightness of the ROS composite skins. Additionally, atmospheric plasma activation (APA) is utilized to enhance the skin/core bonding to prevent skin separation under loading. The ROS composite skins are manufactured via vacuum‐assisted hot press to achieve a cost‐effective aerospace‐grade quality. The structural integrity of the sandwich structure is assessed through flatwise tensile and edgewise compression tests, while the mechanical and thermomechanical performance is evaluated using flexural, impact, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests. The flatwise tensile and edgewise compression tests confirm that APA effectively prevents core detachment, as evidenced by an average tensile strength of 2.28 MPa and an average compressive strength of 171.7 MPa. Moreover, the flexural and impact tests show that no premature skin failure occurs, supported by an average facing strength of 59.23 MPa in flexural testing and an average impact energy of 49.96 kJ/m2. The DMA test indicates that most of the stiffness loss is due to the core material. This comprehensive analysis highlights recycled ROS composites as a sustainable and cost‐effective alternative for quasi‐isotropic skins in aerospace secondary load‐bearing sandwich structures such as floors, doors, engine cowls, and spoilers.Highlights
The core material serves as a structural stabilizer, eliminating skin warpage.
Flatwise tensile test proves the efficiency of APA treatment.
Edgewise compression test shows warpage does not induce skin/core debonding.
The absence of premature failure illustrates the robustness of the structure.
Trustworthy AI in Healthcare: Exploring Ethics in Digital Health Technologies in Nigeria
Authors: Owoyemi Ayomide , Arthur Eugeniah , Ladi-Akinyemi Tope , Babalola Yemisi , Eke Damian Okaibedi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rapid expansion of digital health solutions in Africa, encompassing telemedicine, AI, and other technologies, aligns with WHO’s Goals for Sustainable Development and Universal Health Coverage. Despite its benefits, this growth raises ethical concerns regarding deploying these technologies. A cross-sectional survey targeting executives of Nigerian digital health startups was conducted using Google Forms. The survey focused on startup characteristics, data management, ethical/legal governance, and user engagement. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation in R. The survey included 16 startups, primarily focusing on care provision (56%) and health data analytics (31%). Most store data internationally, with 18% integrating AI/ML in their products. Ethical concerns varied, with half of the startups having ethics/legal governance units and 56% showing high ethical concerns. Findings indicate a preference for international data storage, highlighting data sovereignty and privacy issues. While over half of the startups use anonymisation methods, challenges like non-consensual data collection remain. The study reveals a gap between ethical concerns and the practical implementation of ethical governance. This study sheds light on the operational and ethical dynamics of digital health startups in Nigeria. It underscores the need for policies and frameworks to cultivate a responsible digital health ecosystem, emphasising user-centric approaches and ethical considerations.
Barriers for rectangular matrix multiplication
Authors: Christandl Matthias , Gall François Le , Lysikov Vladimir , Zuiddam Jeroen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the algorithmic problem of multiplying large matrices that are rectangular.
We prove that the method that has been used to construct the fastest algorithms for rectangular matrix multiplication cannot give algorithms with complexity

$$n^{p + 1}$$

n

p
+
1

for

$$n \times n$$

n
×
n

by

$$n \times n^p$$

n
×

n
p

matrix multiplication. In fact, we prove a precise numerical barrier for this method. Our barrier improves the previously known barriers, both in the numerical sense, as well as in its generality.
In particular, we prove that any lower bound on the dual exponent of matrix multiplication

$$\alpha$$

α

via the big Coppersmith-Winograd tensors cannot exceed

$$0.6218$$

0.6218

.
WEIRD? Institutions and consumers’ perceptions of artificial intelligence in 31 countries
Authors: Howell Bronwyn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A survey of perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in 31 countries in 2023 (Ipsos in Global Views on A.I. 2023. https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2023-07/Ipsos%20Global%20AI%202023%20Report-WEB_0.pdf. Accessed 17 May 2024, 2023) yields significantly less positive perceptions of the new technology in developed western economies than in emerging and non-western economies. This could reflect citizens in non-Western countries perceiving machines (computers) and algorithms differently from those in Western countries, or that a more positive outlook in countries with weak democratic institutions comes from a preference for algorithmic precision over inconsistent and/or corrupt regulation and decision-making. However, it could also be reflecting the different psychology of “WEIRD” (Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, Democratic) countries. Regressing the survey responses against measures of the “WEIRD” dimensions, we find that reported understanding of, willingness to trust, and anticipation of change due to AI applications are consistently negatively correlated to a country’s education levels (E), and average income per capita (R). The sophistication of democratic institutions (D) and “Westernness” (W), both alone and in combination with the other factors, have statistically significant negative effects on the percentage of the respondents in any given country having positive perceptions of AI and its prospects. The consistency of the negative relationship between the sophistication of democratic institutions country-level perceptions of AI brings into question the role of regulation of the new technology. WEIRD societies are presumed to rely on democratic institutions for assurances they can transact safely with strangers. Institutions thus substitute for the trust non-WEIRD societies place in friends, family and close community contacts when transacting. Third-party (and notably government) assurances in the context of uncertainty created by the emergence of new AI technologies arguably condition perceptions of the safety of these technologies through the presence (or absence) of regulations governing their implementation and use. Different perceptions amongst European countries compared to other western counterparts to perceptions of data privacy support the contention that the mere presence of AI regulation may be sufficient to alter perceptions in WEIRD societies, regardless of whether the regulations are necessary or even effective in increasing user safety. This has implications for interpreting and responding to political pressure to regulate new technologies in WEIRD countries.
Double burden: financial toxicity in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma at the start of first-line palliative chemotherapy: baseline data from the HOLISTIC study
Authors: Roets E. , Younger E. , Jones R. L. , Hollander D.den , Desar I. M. E. , Young R. J. , Oosten A. W. , de Haan J. J. , Gelderblom H. , Steeghs N. , van der Graaf W. T. A. , Husson O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The HOLISTIC study assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients receiving first-line palliative chemotherapy. The secondary objective discussed here is to evaluate baseline self-reported financial difficulties and associated sociodemographic factors and global health status (GHS), compare financial toxicity between patients in the United Kingdom (UK) and the Netherlands (NL), and evaluate the consequences of financial toxicity.

Methods
This prospective study included 72 UK and 65 NL patients. Financial toxicity was evaluated by the financial difficulties scale of the EORTC QLQ-C30. Associated factors (i.e., country, gender, educational level, relationship status, employment changes, income, age, time since diagnosis, and GHS) were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Chi-square tests, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Median participant age was 62 (range: 27–79) years, and gender distribution was equal. 58% of UK and 48% of NL patients had no income or a monthly income ≤ £/€ 2000 (p = 0.417). Self-reported additional costs for medication (31% vs. 9%, p < 0.001) and parking (75% vs. 41%, p < 0.001) were more prevalent among Dutch than UK patients. Travel expenses were similar: 68% in NL and 66% in UK. Univariate analysis showed an increased risk of financial toxicity in UK patients (40% vs. 22% [NL], p = 0.023), single patients (52% vs. 27% [with partner], p = 0.014), and those with a change in employment status (46% vs. 24% [no change], p = 0.019). In UK patients, multivariate analysis indicated lower odds for financial toxicity for patients with a high income (OR 0.207, p = 0.031) and higher odds for patients with a worse GHS (OR 5.171, p = 0.012), whereas in NL, higher odds were seen for male (OR 13.286, p = 0.027) and single (OR 41.735, p = 0.007) patients.

Conclusion
Financial toxicity was common among advanced STS already at the start of palliative chemotherapy, influenced by factors such as residence country, income, relationship status, gender, and GHS. Timely interventions are needed to address financial challenges in this population.
A positive quasilocal mass for causal variational principles
Authors: Finster Felix , Kamran Niky 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A new inequality for a nonlinear surface layer integral is proved for minimizers of causal variational principles. This inequality is applied to obtain a new proof of the positive mass theorem with volume constraint. Next, a positive mass theorem without volume constraint is stated and proved by introducing and using the concept of asymptotic alignment. Moreover, a positive quasilocal mass and a synthetic definition of scalar curvature are introduced in the setting of causal variational principles. Our notions and results are illustrated by the explicit examples of causal fermion systems constructed in ultrastatic spacetimes and the Schwarzschild spacetime. In these examples, the correspondence to the ADM mass and similarities to the Brown–York mass are worked out.
Effect of fish meal substitution with trout viscera protein hydrolysate on the innate immune response of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp)
Authors: Sanguino-Ortiz Wilmer , Espinosa-Ruiz Cristóbal , Esteban Abad María Ángeles , Román Críspulo Perea , Hoyos-Concha José Luis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) with concentrated trout viscera protein hydrolysate (TVPH) on the immune response in juvenile red tilapia (Oreocheromis spp). Five isoenergetic and isoproteic experimental diets were prepared by substituting FM with TVPH at different substitution ratios: 0% (control, D1) 25% (D2), 50% (D3), 75% (D4), and 100% (D5). A total of 180 red tilapia were distributed in 15 tanks. Fish from three tanks were fed daily at 2% of the biomass for 25 days with one of the five diets mentioned above. At the end of the trial, the fish were counted, weighed, measured, and skin mucus and serum samples were obtained to study different parameters related to humoral immunity. The results indicate a 100% survival rate in all fish groups and did not show significant differences in terms of growth and feed efficiency. On the other hand, the fish fed diets D2 and D3 had significantly higher serum protein values. Also, fish fed the D2 or D5 diets had higher lysozyme activity and fish fed the D2 diet also had significantly higher total immunoglobulin levels than fish fed the control diet. In mucus, fish fed the D2 or D4 diets showed significantly higher mucus protein levels than control fish. However, anti-protease and bactericidal activity decreased in fish fed the D5 or D4 diets, respectively. These results demonstrate that the D2 and D3 diets positively modulate the immune response of juvenile red tilapia compared to that of fish fed the control diet.
Restoring neuropetide Y levels in the hypothalamus ameliorates premature aging phenotype in mice
Authors: Ferreira-Marques Marisa , Carmo-Silva Sara , Pereira Joana , Botelho Mariana , Nóbrega Clévio , López‐Otín Carlos , de Almeida Luís Pereira , Aveleira Célia A. , Cavadas Cláudia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The hypothalamus has been recognized as a regulator of whole-body aging. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), highly abundant in the central nervous system and produced by the hypothalamus, enhances autophagy in this brain region and mediates autophagy triggered by caloric restriction, suggesting a potential role as a caloric restriction mimetic and an aging regulator. Considering that hypothalamic NPY levels decline during aging, we investigated if reestablishment of NPY levels mitigate aging phenotype, using a mouse model of premature aging – Zmpste24
−/− mouse. The results show that reestablishing hypothalamic NPY levels delayed aging-associated features, including lipodystrophy, alopecia, and memory. Moreover, these results suggest that strategies that promote maintenance of hypothalamic NPY levels might be relevant to counteract aging progression and age-related deteriorations.
Einflussfaktoren der Implementation von Präventionsstrategien – Validierung eines Messinstruments für den Schulkontext
Authors: Röding Dominik , Lenz Marie-Christin , von Holt Isabell , Decker Lea , Walter Ulla 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die Wirksamkeit von Interventionen der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung (PGF) hängt von ihrer Implementierungsgüte ab. Das Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) benennt zahlreiche Faktoren, die die Implementation hemmen oder fördern können. Diese sollten während des Implementationsprozesses erhoben und gesteuert werden. Für Deutschland liegt bislang kein validiertes Instrument vor, mit dem solche Faktoren im Kontext schulischer PGF gemessen werden können. Der Beitrag schließt diese Lücke.

Methode
Es wurde ein validiertes Instrument aus der kommunalen PGF auf die schulische PGF übertragen. Mit diesem Instrument wurden 92 Personen aus 23 Schulen befragt, die mit der Implementation einer Rahmenstrategie für schulische PGF gestartet haben. Es wurden explorative Faktoren- und Reliabilitätsanalysen durchgeführt sowie Cronbachʼs a und Intercluster-Korrelationskoeffizienten (ICC) für 22 Konstrukte berechnet. Zudem wurden Korrelationen zwischen den Konstrukten untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Die interne Konsistenz der Multiitemskalen ist mit Cronbachʼs a von 0,642–0,981 zufriedenstellend bis sehr gut. Mit einem ICC von 0,218 und 0,664 ist ein substanzieller Anteil der gemessenen Varianz auf Unterschiede zwischen den Schulen (Kontextfaktoren) zurückzuführen. Die hemmenden Faktoren korrelieren untereinander nicht oder positiv miteinander. Dasselbe gilt für die förderlichen Faktoren. Zwischen den hemmenden und den förderlichen Faktoren zeigen sich überwiegend keine oder negative Korrelationen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse sind aus theoretischer Perspektive plausibel und konvergieren mit der Befundlage. Das Instrument kann insofern für die Forschung und als Monitoring-Tool empfohlen werden.
Unlocking the Potential of Chia Microgreen: Physicochemical Properties, Nutritional Profile and Its Application in Noodle Production
Authors: John Sandesh , Gunathilake Samiddhi , Aluthge Supuni , Farahnaky Asgar , Majzoobi Mahsa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is a growing demand for plant-based products rich in protein and bioactive compounds that can enhance human health. Microgreens, known for their superior nutritional profile compared to their mature plants, represent a new generation of plant-based foods. While they are popular as fresh herbs in culinary applications, their potential in food manufacturing remains underexplored. In this study, chia microgreen powder (CMP) was produced as a novel source of plant protein and bioactive compounds, and its use in enriching wheat noodles (2.5%, 5%, and 7% inclusion) was investigated. Results showed that CMP is a rich source of protein (34.7%), bioactive compounds (13.63 ± 0.66 mg GA eq./g of total phenolic compounds), and key minerals (Ca, P, Zn, and Fe). The average amino acid score (AAS) was 80, indicating that the essential amino acids meet 80% of the reference values recommended for human nutrition. While CMP had surplus of phenylalanine + tyrosine and threonine, the main limiting amino acids were methionine + cysteine. CMP exhibited high water and oil absorption capacities (682.35% and 281.91%, respectively), making it a promising texturiser for food applications. The addition of CMP to wheat noodles not only improved their nutritional profile but also imparted a mild green colour. However, CMP inclusion reduced cooking time, cooking loss and noodle cohesiveness. Despite these changes, inclusion of CMP up to 5% resulted in a noodle with acceptable quality, demonstrating its potential as a novel functional food ingredient.
Comparison of surgical and radiotherapy outcomes in octogenarians with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a SEER database retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hua Wenxuan , Zhang Zhigang , Ni Lianfang , Liu Xinmin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide, yet optimal treatment strategies for octogenarians with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear.

Aims
To investigate treatment patterns and survival outcomes in octogenarians and older with early-stage NSCLC.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Patients aged ≥ 80 years with stage I–IIA NSCLC diagnosed between 2011 and 2020 were included. Primary treatments included surgery, radiation, and no treatment. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to evaluate overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) stratified by treatment and year. Propensity score matching balanced clinical characteristics between surgery and radiation groups, followed by Cox regression analysis. Survival outcomes were further compared within matched subgroups stratified by tumor size.

Results
Among 7,372 patients, median survival was 67 months for surgery and 33 months for radiotherapy. Radiotherapy use increased from 31.2% in 2011 to 49.4% in 2020, while surgery rates declined. Multivariate analysis (N = 2,434) showed radiotherapy was associated with worse OS (hazard ratio = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.78–2.15, P < 0.001) compared to surgery.

Discussion
Radiotherapy is increasingly used to treat early-stage NSCLC in octogenarians, yet surgery provides superior long-term survival. Limitations of lack of detailed comorbidity data and differentiation between conventional radiotherapy and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) may have expanded the advantages of surgery. Meanwhile, patient performance status and preferences must be considered in treatment decisions.

Conclusions
Surgery remains the preferred treatment option for eligible octogenarians with early-stage NSCLC.
Assessing Rapid Visual Perception in Medical Students Trained in Ultrasound
Authors: Mescher O. , Musick C. , Landis B. C. , Anderson R. , Pappas A. C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rapid visual perception of ultrasound (US) images was compared between 1st- and 2nd-year medical students at 2 days or 6 months following ultrasound training, respectively. Briefly, US images were presented for 0.2 s, after which, participants were asked to identify the anatomical structure. Modest accuracy was observed among both cohorts. However, accuracy more than doubled for students that engaged with US outside their formal training. Our study demonstrates: 1) an inexpensive method of assessing rapid visual perception in students of US; and 2) that a combination of formal training and extracurricular engagement leads to greater visual expertise for conventional US.
Omics analysis of Penaeus monodon in response to salinity changes
Authors: Huang Sheng , Jiang Shigui , Jiang Song , Huang Jianhua , Yang Qibin , Yang Lishi , Shi Jianzhi , Li Erchao , Zhou Falin , Li Yundong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Salinity profoundly influences the physiological and biochemical well-being of shrimp in aquaculture, dictating their growth, survival, and overall health. In this study, research exposed Penaeus monodon to three different salinity environments (salinity 5, 20, and 30) for 62 days, which affected shrimp growth and the development of the gut and hepatopancreas. Further omics analyses revealed that high salinity levels led to the predominance of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria in the gut microbiome, enhancing the osmoregulatory and immune functions essential for shrimp recovery under salinity stress. The transcriptome highlighted the upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and amino acid processing, emphasizing the critical role of lipid dynamics in salinity adaptation. Metabolomics revealed alterations in membrane lipid composition, osmoprotectant synthesis, and antioxidative defense mechanisms, which are crucial for maintaining cellular integrity under salinity stress. Integrated analysis revealed a comprehensive molecular framework for the resilience of P. monodon to salinity fluctuations, underscoring lipid metabolism as the core of its adaptation strategy. This study enriches understanding of salinity regulation in P. monodon, providing practical insights for enhancing low-salinity aquaculture and responding to environmental challenges.

Graphical Abstract