bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linkage Relationships Among Multiple QTL for Horticultural Traits and Late Blight (P. infestans) Resistance on Chromosome 5 Introgressed from Wild TomatoSolanum habrochaites
Authors: Haggard J Erron , Johnson Emily B , St. Clair Dina A 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhen the allele of a wild species at a quantitative trait locus (QTL) conferring a desirable trait is introduced into cultivated species, undesirable effects on other traits may occur. These negative phenotypic effects may result from the presence of wild alleles at other closely linked loci that are transferred along with the desired QTL allele (i.e., linkage drag) and/or from pleiotropic effects of the desired allele. Previously, a QTL for resistance to Phytophthora infestans on chromosome 5 of Solanum habrochaites was mapped and introgressed into cultivated tomato (S. lycopersicum). Near-isogenic lines (NILs) were generated and used for fine-mapping of this resistance QTL, which revealed coincident or linked QTL with undesirable effects on yield, maturity, fruit size, and plant architecture traits. Subsequent higher-resolution mapping with chromosome 5 sub-NILs revealed the presence of multiple P. infestans resistance QTL within this 12.3 cM region. In our present study, these sub-NILs were also evaluated for 17 horticultural traits, including yield, maturity, fruit size and shape, fruit quality, and plant architecture traits in replicated field experiments over the course of two years. Each previously detected single horticultural trait QTL fractionated into two or more QTL. A total of 41 QTL were detected across all traits, with ∼30% exhibiting significant QTL × environment interactions. Colocation of QTL for multiple traits suggests either pleiotropy or tightly linked genes control these traits. The complex genetic architecture of horticultural and P. infestans resistance trait QTL within this S. habrochaites region of chromosome 5 presents challenges and opportunities for breeding efforts in cultivated tomato.
Rapid Degeneration of Noncoding DNA Regions SurroundingSlAP3X/YAfter Recombination Suppression in the Dioecious PlantSilene latifolia
Authors: Ishii Kotaro , Nishiyama Rie , Shibata Fukashi , Kazama Yusuke , Abe Tomoko , Kawano Shigeyuki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSilene latifolia is a dioecious plant with heteromorphic XY sex chromosomes. Previous studies of sex chromosome–linked genes have suggested a gradual divergence between the X-linked and the Y-linked genes in proportion to the distance from the pseudoautosomal region. However, such a comparison has yet to be made for the noncoding regions. To better characterize the nonrecombining region of the X and Y chromosomes, we sequenced bacterial artificial chromosome clones containing the sex chromosome–linked paralogs SlAP3X and SlAP3Y, including 115 kb and 73 kb of sequences, respectively, flanking these genes. The synonymous nucleotide divergence between SlAP3X and SlAP3Y indicated that recombination stopped approximately 3.4 million years ago. Sequence homology analysis revealed the presence of six long terminal repeat retrotransposon-like elements. Using the nucleotide divergence calculated between left and right long terminal repeat sequences, insertion dates were estimated to be 0.083–1.6 million years ago, implying that all elements detected were inserted after recombination stopped. A reciprocal sequence homology search facilitated the identification of four homologous noncoding DNA regions between the X and Y chromosomes, spanning 6.7% and 10.6% of the X chromosome–derived and Y chromosome–derived sequences, respectively, investigated. Genomic Southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the noncoding DNA flanking SlAP3X/Y has homology to many regions throughout the genome, regardless of whether they were homologous between the X and Y chromosomes. This finding suggests that most noncoding DNA regions rapidly lose their counterparts because of the introduction of transposable elements and indels (insertion–deletions) after recombination has stopped.
Video-Assisted Palatopharyngeal Surgery: A Model for Improved Education and Training
Authors: Allori Alexander C. , Marcus Jeffrey R. , Daluvoy Sanjay , Bond Jennifer 
Published: October 2013

Objective The learning process for intraoral procedures is arguably more difficult than for other surgical procedures because of the assistant's severely limited visibility. Consequently, trainees may not be able to adequately see and follow all steps of the procedure, and attending surgeons may be less willing to entrust trainees with critical portions of the procedure. In this report, we propose a video-assisted approach to intraoral procedures that improves lighting, visibility, and potential for effective education and training. Design Technical report (idea/innovation). Setting Tertiary referral hospital. Patients Children with cleft palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency requiring surgery. Interventions Video-assisted palatoplasty, sphincteroplasty, and pharyngoplasty. Main Outcome Measures Qualitative and semiquantitative educational outcomes, including learner perception regarding “real-time” (video-assisted surgery) and “non–real-time” (video-library–based) surgical education. Results Trainees were strongly in favor of the video-assisted modality in “real-time” surgical training. Senior trainees identified more opportunities in which they had been safely entrusted to perform critical portions of the procedure, corresponding with satisfaction with the learning process scores, and they showed greater comfort/confidence scores related to performing the procedure under supervision and alone. Conclusions Adoption of the video-assisted approach can be expected to markedly improve the learning curve for surgeons in training. This is now standard practice at our institution. We are presently conducting a full educational technology assessment to better characterize the effect on knowledge acquisition and technical improvement.
The Pathophysiology of Primary Hip Osteoarthritis may Originate from Bone Alterations
Authors: Kamimura Mikio , Nakamura Yukio , Ikegami Shota , Mukaiyama Keijiro , Uchiyama Shigeharu , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2013

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate whether bone alterations detected by hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were associated with subsequent primary hip OA.

Methods:
We enrolled 7 patients with hip joint pain from their first visit, at which hip joints were classified as grade 0 or I on the Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale. Plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed on all cases, and pain was assessed with the Denis pain scale. Average age, height, weight, body mass index, bone mineral density (L1-4), central edge angle, Sharp’s angle, and acetabular hip index were calculated.

Results:
Within two months of the onset of pain, 4 of the 7 cases showed broad bone signal changes, while 3 cases showed local signal changes in the proximal femur on hip MRI. Three to 6 months after the onset of pain, in all patients whose pain was much improved, plain radiographs showed progression to further-stage OA.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that bone abnormalities in the proximal femur might be involved in the pathogenesis of primary hip OA.
Incremental Filling Technique and Composite Material—Part II: Shrinkage and Shrinkage Stresses
Authors: Bicalho AA , Valdívia ADCM , Barreto BCF , Tantbirojn D , Versluis A , Soares CJ 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARY

Objectives
Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to study polymerization shrinkage stress in molars restored with composites and to correlate those stresses with experimentally measured tooth deformation.

Methods
Three composites (Filtek LS, Aelite LS Posterior, Filtek Supreme) and three filling techniques (bulk, 2.0-mm increments, and 1.0-mm increments) for restoring a molar were simulated in a two-dimensional FEA. Polymerization shrinkage was modeled using post-gel shrinkage, which was measured using the strain gauge technique (n=10). Cuspal tooth deformation, measured at the buccal and lingual surfaces with strain gauges in a laboratory study, was used to validate the analysis. Residual shrinkage stresses were expressed in modified von Mises equivalent stresses. Linear Pearson correlations were determined between the laboratory and FEA results.

Results
Post-gel shrinkage values (in volume %) were: Filtek LS (0.11 ± 0.03) &lt; Aelite LS Posterior (0.51 ± 0.02) &lt; Filtek Supreme (0.62 ± 0.09). The 1.0-mm increment filling caused substantially higher stresses and strains in the cervical enamel region. Significant correlations were found between: elastic modulus and FEA strain, elastic modulus and FEA stress, post-gel shrinkage and FEA strain, post-gel shrinkage and FEA stress, FEA strain and cuspal deformation by strain gauge, and FEA stress and cuspal deformation by strain gauge (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
Increasing the number of increments and high post-gel shrinkage and/or elastic modulus values caused higher stresses in the remaining tooth structure and tooth/restoration interface. Cuspal deformation measured with the strain gauge method validated the finite element analyses.
Approximation of fractional positive stable continuous-time linear systems by fractional positive stable discrete-time systems
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Fractional positive asymptotically stable continuous-time linear systems are approximated by fractional positive asymptotically stable discrete-time systems using a linear Padé-type approximation. It is shown that the approximation preserves the positivity and asymptotic stability of the systems. An optional system approximation is also discussed.
A simple scheme for semi-recursive identification of Hammerstein system nonlinearity by Haar wavelets
Authors: Śliwiński Przemysław , Hasiewicz Zygmunt , Wachel Paweł 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A simple semi-recursive routine for nonlinearity recovery in Hammerstein systems is proposed. The identification scheme is based on the Haar wavelet kernel and possesses a simple and compact form. The convergence of the algorithm is established and the asymptotic rate of convergence (independent of the input density smoothness) is shown for piecewise- Lipschitz nonlinearities. The numerical stability of the algorithm is verified. Simulation experiments for a small and moderate number of input-output data are presented and discussed to illustrate the applicability of the routine.
A biochemical multi-species quality model of a drinking water distribution system for simulation and design
Authors: Arminski Krzysztof , Zubowicz Tomasz , Brdys Mietek A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Drinking Water Distribution Systems (DWDSs) play a key role in sustainable development of modern society. They are classified as critical infrastructure systems. This imposes a large set of highly demanding requirements on the DWDS operation and requires dedicated algorithms for on-line monitoring and control to tackle related problems. Requirements on DWDS availability restrict the usability of the real plant in the design phase. Thus, a proper model is crucial. Within this paper a DWDS multi-species quality model for simulation and design is derived. The model is composed of multiple highly inter-connected modules which are introduced to represent chemical and biological species and (above all) their interactions. The chemical part includes the processes of chloramine decay with additional bromine catalysis and reaction with nitrogen compounds. The biological part consists of both heterotrophic and chemo-autotrophic bacteria species. The heterotrophic bacteria are assumed to consume assimilable organic carbon. Autotrophs are ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria species which are responsible for nitrification processes. Moreover, Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) are also considered. Two numerical examples illustrate the derived model’s behaviour in normal and disturbance operational states.
Controlling a non-homogeneous Timoshenko beam with the aid of the torque
Authors: Sklyar Grigory M. , Szkibiel Grzegorz 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Considered is the control and stabilizability of a slowly rotating non-homogeneous Timoshenko beam with the aid of a torque. It turns out that the beam is (approximately) controllable with the aid of the torque if and only if it is (approximately) controllable. However, the controllability problem appears to be a side-effect while studying the stabilizability. To build a stabilizing control one needs to go through the methods of correcting the operators with functionals so that they have finally the appropriate form and the results on C0-continuous semigroups may be applied.
Epoch-incremental reinforcement learning algorithms
Authors: Zajdel Roman 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In this article, a new class of the epoch-incremental reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed. In the incremental mode, the fundamental TD(0) or TD(λ) algorithm is performed and an environment model is created. In the epoch mode, on the basis of the environment model, the distances of past-active states to the terminal state are computed. These distances and the reinforcement terminal state signal are used to improve the agent policy.
Parametric logarithmic type image processing for contrast based auto-focus in extreme lighting conditions
Authors: Florea Corneliu , Florea Laura 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
While most of state-of-the-art image processing techniques were built under the so-called classical linear image processing, an alternative that presents superior behavior for specific applications comes in the form of Logarithmic Type Image Processing (LTIP). This refers to mathematical models constructed for the representation and processing of gray tones images. In this paper we describe a general mathematical framework that allows extensions of these models by various means while preserving their mathematical properties. We propose a parametric extension of LTIP models and discuss its similarities with the human visual system. The usability of the proposed extension model is verified for an application of contrast based auto-focus in extreme lighting conditions. The closing property of the named models facilitates superior behavior when compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Pipelined language model construction for Polish speech recognition
Authors: Sas Jerzy , Żołnierek Andrzej 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The aim of works described in this article is to elaborate and experimentally evaluate a consistent method of Language Model (LM) construction for the sake of Polish speech recognition. In the proposed method we tried to take into account the features and specific problems experienced in practical applications of speech recognition in the Polish language, reach inflection, a loose word order and the tendency for short word deletion. The LM is created in five stages. Each successive stage takes the model prepared at the previous stage and modifies or extends it so as to improve its properties. At the first stage, typical methods of LM smoothing are used to create the initial model. Four most frequently used methods of LM construction are here. At the second stage the model is extended in order to take into account words indirectly co-occurring in the corpus. At the next stage, LM modifications are aimed at reduction of short word deletion errors, which occur frequently in Polish speech recognition. The fourth stage extends the model by insertion of words that were not observed in the corpus. Finally the model is modified so as to assure highly accurate recognition of very important utterances. The performance of the methods applied is tested in four language domains.
A modified convolution and product theorem for the linear canonical transform derived by representation transformation in quantum mechanics
Authors: Goel Navdeep , Singh Kulbir 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Linear Canonical Transform (LCT) is a four parameter class of integral transform which plays an important role in many fields of signal processing. Well-known transforms such as the Fourier Transform (FT), the FRactional Fourier Transform (FRFT), and the FreSnel Transform (FST) can be seen as special cases of the linear canonical transform. Many properties of the LCT are currently known but the extension of FRFTs and FTs still needs more attention. This paper presents a modified convolution and product theorem in the LCT domain derived by a representation transformation in quantum mechanics, which seems a convenient and concise method. It is compared with the existing convolution theorem for the LCT and is found to be a better and befitting proposition. Further, an application of filtering is presented by using the derived results.
Efficient Phantom Source Widening
Authors: Zotter Franz , Frank Matthias 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
We present a highly efficient filter structure to create power-complementary filter pairs for phantom source widening. It either introduces frequency-dependent phase or amplitude differences in a pair of loudspeaker signals. We evaluate how the perceptual effect is influenced by off-center listening positions in a standard ±30° loudspeaker setup. The evaluation of the phantom source widening effect is based on measurements of the inter-aural cross-correlation coefficient (IACC), which is justified by its pronounced correlation to the perceived phantom source width in prior listening test results.
Evaluation of Decay Times from Noisy Room Responses with Pure-Tone Excitation
Authors: Meissner Mirosław 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Reverberant responses are widely used to characterize acoustic properties of rooms, such as the early decay time (EDT) and the reverberation times T20 and T30. However, in real conditions a sound decay is often deformed by background noise, thus a precise evaluation of decay times from noisy room responses is the main problem. In this paper this issue is examined by means of numerical method where the decay times are estimated from the decay function that has been determined by nonlinear polynomial regression from a pressure envelope obtained via the discrete Hilbert transform. In numerical experiment the room responses were obtained from simulations of a sound decay for two-room coupled system. Calculation results have shown that background noise slightly affects the evaluation of reverberation times T20 and T30 as long as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is not smaller than about 25 and 35 dB, respectively. However, when the SNR is close to about 20 and 30 dB, high overestimation of these times may occur as a result of bending up of the decay curve during the late decay.
HRTF Adjustments with Audio Quality Assessments
Authors: Yao Shu-Nung , Chen Li Jen 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
There are an increasing number of binaural systems embedded with head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), so listeners can experience virtual environments via conventional stereo loudspeakers or head- phones. As HRTFs vary from person to person, it is difficult to select appropriated HRTFs from already existing databases for users. Once the HRTFs in a binaural audio device hardly match the real ones of the users, poor localization happens especially on the cone of confusion. The most accurate way to obtain personalized HRTFs might be doing practical measurements. It is, however, expensive and time consuming. Modifying non-individualized HRTFs may be an effort-saving way, though the modifications are always accompanied by undesired audio distortion. This paper proposes a flexible HRTF adjustment system for users to define their own HRTFs. Also, the system can keep sounds from suffering intolerable distortion based on an objective measurement tool for evaluating the quality of processed audio.
Acoustic Features of Filled Pauses in Polish Task-Oriented Dialogues
Authors: Karpiński Maciej 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Filled pauses (FPs) have proved to be more than valuable cues to speech production processes and important units in discourse analysis. Some aspects of their form and occurrence patterns have been shown to be speaker- and language-specific. In the present study, basic acoustic properties of FPs in Polish task-oriented dialogues are explored. A set of FPs was extracted from a corpus of twenty task- oriented dialogues on the basis of available annotations. After initial scrutiny and selection, a subset of the signals underwent a series of pitch, formant frequency and voice quality analyses. A significant amount of variation found in the realisations of FPs justifies their potential application in speaker recognition systems. Regular monosegmental FPs were confirmed to show relatively stable basic acoustic parameters, which allows for their easy identification and measurements but it may result in less significant differences among the speakers.
Modal Parameters of Two Violins with Different Varnish Layers and Subjective Evaluation of Their Sound Quality
Authors: Skrodzka Ewa B. , Linde Bogumił B.J. , Krupa Antoni 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Two violins were investigated. The only intentionally introduced difference between them was the type of varnish. One of the instruments was covered with a spirit varnish, the other was oil varnished. Experimental modal analysis was done for unvarnished/varnished violins and a questionnaire inquiry on the instrument’s sound quality was performed. The aim of both examinations was to find differences and similarities between the two instruments in the objective (modal parameters) and subjective domain (subjective evaluation of sound quality). In the modal analysis, three strongly radiating signature modes were taken into account. Varnishing did not change the sequence of mode shapes. Modal frequencies A0 and B(1+) were not changed by oil varnishing compared to the unvarnished condition. For the oil varnished instrument, the frequency of mode B(1+) was lower than that of the same mode of the spirit varnished instrument. Our two violins were not excellent instruments, but before varnishing they were practically identical. However, after varnishing it appeared that the oil-varnished violin was better than the spirit-varnished instrument. Therefore, it can be assumed with a fairly high probability that also in general, the oil-varnished violins sound somewhat better than initially identical spirit-varnished ones.
Ultrasonic Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles with an Additional Biocompatible Dextrane Layer
Authors: Dąbek Leszek , Hornowski Tomasz , Józefczak Arkadiusz , Skumiel Andrzej 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The temperature dependence of the particle size distribution (PSD) of the magnetic fluid with an additional biocompatible dextran layer was studied using a ultrasonic method. The measurements of the ultrasound velocity and attenuation were carried out as a function of the volume concentration of magnetite particles at temperatures ranging from 15°C to 40°C. In order to extract the PSD from ultrasonic measurements, the theoretical model of Vinogradov-Isakovich was used. The extraction of PSD from the ultrasonic data requires also the measurements the density and viscosity of the ferrofluid samples. The calculated PSD of the magnetic fluid with an additional biocompatible layer shows a greater thermal stability than that of a magnetic fluid with a single surfactant layer.