bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unexpected deaths in medical wards during night shifts: a narrative analysis of nursing experiences
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Petean Marco , Cerne Diana 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore nurses’ narratives of unexpected patient deaths during nightshifts.BackgroundDespite the importance of patient care and safety during the night, little attention has been paid to this issue in scientific literature. Very few studies have investigated the outcome of night‐time nursing care in patients, and there is a distinct paucity of knowledge regarding the experiences of nurses who discover a patient who has died unexpectedly during a night shift.DesignA qualitative study design using semi‐structured interviews, interpreted by a narrative inquiry methodology, was adopted.MethodsA purposeful sample of 15 nurses working in Italian medical wards who had found a patient who had died unexpectedly during a night shift, and who had given their informed consent were interviewed in the period from 2009–2011. An inductive content analysis of the narrated experiences was performed.FindingsA patient's unexpected death during a night shift is something that nurses fear, and when it occurs, the experience is remembered as a nightmare. From the narratives of the participant nurses, five categories described what happened at night when a patient who had died unexpectedly was discovered: (1) the night started by nurses selecting patients needing intensive surveillance; (2) patients were reprioritised for intensive surveillance; (3) nurses were deceived by apparently normal findings; (4) nurses realised the failure of their protective role; and (5) as a consequence, more intrusive surveillance measures were adopted after the event.ConclusionsFrom the narratives, a number of failures in cumulative and individual surveillance occurred during the night when a patient died unexpectedly. The deaths were recognised late, causing intense pain in nurses; this experience affected the following night shifts, when the nurses’ surveillance was more intensive, insistent and intrusive towards patients, even if this was unnecessary.Relevance to clinical practiceThe continuing belief that the night shift is a time when fewer nurses are needed means that the number of registered nurses is reduced and reliance is placed on nursing aides instead, placing patients at risk by compromising the effectiveness of surveillance and the consequent clinical decisions made by nurses and physicians.
Care for community‐dwelling frail older people: a practice nurse perspective
Authors: Bindels Jill , Cox Karen , Widdershoven Guy , van Schayck Onno CP , Abma Tineke A 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate care programmes for community‐dwelling frail older people from a practice nurse perspective and gain a deeper understanding of their role within the programmes.BackgroundIn response to the increasing frail population, three regions in the Netherlands implemented care programmes, in which a proactive approach is used to identify frail older people in the community and provide them with the appropriate care and support.DesignA constructivist grounded theory approach.MethodsA formative process evaluation was performed, in which study participants were practice nurses (n = 23) focusing on the identification of and care for frail older people in primary care settings. Based on the principles of grounded theory, data were collected via semi‐structured interviews and focus groups and analysed.ResultsThe practice nurses explain that ‘building a trusting relationship’ with the older person and ‘making connections’ between older people, family and other professionals are key elements of good care in the programmes. ‘Targeting the wrong audience’ and ‘providing good care’ reflect the doubts and feelings of insecurity the practice nurses have about the screening and selection procedures and their own role and expertise in the programme.ConclusionAccording to the experiences of practice nurses, a trusting relationship with the older people is necessary to provide good care. Practice nurses feel they should receive more support and education to conquer issues concerning social problems in frail older people. Moreover, practice nurses considered the screening and selection procedures to be unsuccessful in identifying frail older people who do need care.Relevance to clinical practiceA trusting relationship should be given high priority in the care for community‐dwelling frail older people. To improve the care programmes, screening and selection procedures need adjustments. Practice nurses should receive more support in dealing with older people with psychosocial problems.
‘Sometimes it feels as if the world goes on without me’: adolescents' experiences of living with chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Winger Anette , Ekstedt Mirjam , Wyller Vegard B , Helseth Sølvi 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore the experience of being an adolescent with chronic fatigue syndrome.BackgroundDespite ample research, chronic fatigue syndrome is still poorly understood, and there are still controversies related to the illness. Adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome are often unable to attend school and lose social relations with friends. The challenges they face will affect their quality of life.DesignA qualitative, phenomenological hermeneutical design.MethodSix boys and twelve girls, aged 12–18, were interviewed, emphasising their own experiences living with chronic fatigue syndrome. Analyses were performed using a phenomenological hermeneutical method.ResultsThe core theme, ‘Sometimes it feels as if the world goes on without me’, encompasses the feelings an adolescent living with chronic fatigue syndrome might have about life. The core theme was supported by four subthemes: ‘On the side of life – locked in and shut out’; ‘the body, the illness and me’; ‘if the illness is not visible to others, does it exist?’; and ‘handling life while hoping for a better future’. The subthemes reflect the experience of social isolation, their own and others’ understanding of the illness and hope for the future.ConclusionsNot being able to be with friends, or attend school, made the adolescents feel different and forgotten. They felt alienated in their own bodies and were struggling to be visible to themselves and to their surroundings. Spending less time with friends and more time with their parents constituted a threat to independence and development. Yet they managed to envision a better future despite all the difficulties.Relevance for clinical practiceTo provide effective support and constructive relations to adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome, all health professions involved need insight from the persons who are themselves ill. Health centres could function as resource centres for patients and healthcare professionals.
Validity of the Chinese Version of the Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women with a New Scoring Algorithm and Comparison of Normative and Recurrently Depressed Han Chinese Population
Authors: Han Zili , Gan Zhaoyu , Han Hongying , Chen Jun , Li Kanglai , Guan Nianhong 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Introduction
The Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF-W) is proved to be a useful instrument to assess female sexual function, but the validation information of its Chinese version is still unavailable. It has not been used to assess female sexual function among Han Chinese women with recurrent depression.

Aim
This study aims to validate the Chinese version of BISF-W (C-BISF-W) with a new scoring algorithm and evaluate the impact of recurrent depression on sexual function among Han Chinese women.

Methods
Three groups of subjects, 63 unmedicated patients with recurrent depression, 50 medicated remitted patients with recurrent depression, and 92 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Sexual function was assessed with C-BISF-W. A new scoring algorithm was developed to provide an overall composite score (G) and seven dimension scores: desire (D1), arousal (D2), frequency of sexual activity (D3), orgasm (D4), sexual interaction (D5), relationship dissatisfaction (D6), and problems affecting sexual function (D7).

Main Outcome Measures
Psychometric analyses were conducted.

Results
Four factors whose Eigenvalues were higher than 1 were extracted, explaining 61.426% of the total variance. Compared with healthy age-matched control, unmedicated cases scored significantly lower in G, D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5, whereas these were higher in D6 and D7. No significant difference was found in the scores of G, D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 between remitted cases and control, but the former scored higher in D6 and D7 than the latter. In comparison with unmedicated cases, medicated remitted cases got a higher score in G, D1, D2, and D5. For the healthy control, sexual function (G) was negatively correlated with age.

Conclusions
With the new scoring algorithm, C-BISF-W is proved to be a validated instrument to assess female sexual function. The impact of recurrent depression on female sexual function is negatively profound and extensive.
The 4‐cysteine zinc‐finger motif of the RNA polymerase regulator DksA serves as a thiol switch for sensing oxidative and nitrosative stress
Authors: Henard Calvin A. , Tapscott Timothy , Crawford Matthew A. , Husain Maroof , Doulias Paschalis‐Thomas , Porwollik Steffen , Liu Lin , McClelland Michael , Ischiropoulos Harry , Vázquez‐Torres Andrés 
Published: December 2013

SummaryWe show that thiols in the 4‐cysteine zinc‐finger motif of DksA, an RNA polymerase accessory protein known to regulate the stringent response, sense oxidative and nitrosative stress. Hydrogen peroxide‐ or nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated modifications of thiols in the DksA 4‐cysteine zinc‐finger motif release the metal cofactor and drive reversible changes in the α‐helicity of the protein. Wild‐type and relA spoT mutant Salmonella, but not isogenic dksA‐deficient bacteria, experience the downregulation of r‐protein and amino acid transport expression after NO treatment, suggesting that DksA can regulate gene expression in response to NO congeners independently of the ppGpp alarmone. Oxidative stress enhances the DksA‐dependent repression of rpsM, while preventing the activation of livJ and hisG gene transcription that is supported by reduced, zinc‐bound DksA. The inhibitory effects of oxidized DksA on transcription are reversible with dithiothreitol. Our investigations indicate that sensing of reactive species by DksA redox active thiols fine‐tunes the expression of translational machinery and amino acid assimilation and biosynthesis in accord with the metabolic stress imposed by oxidative and nitrosative stress. Given the conservation of Cys114, and neighbouring hydrophobic and charged amino acids in DksA orthologues, phylogenetically diverse microorganisms may use the DksA thiol switch to regulate transcriptional responses to oxidative and nitrosative stress.
Katian (Upper Ordovician) conodonts from Wales
Authors: Ferretti Annalisa , Bergström Stig M. , Barnes Christopher R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMiddle and upper Katian conodonts were previously known in the British Isles from relatively small collections obtained from a few localities. The present study is mainly based on 17 samples containing more than 17 000 conodont elements from an approximately 14‐m‐thick succession of the Sholeshook Limestone Formation in a road cut near Whitland, South Wales, that yielded a diverse fauna of more than 40 taxa. It is dominated by representatives of Amorphognathus, Aphelognathus/Plectodina and Eocarniodus along with several coniform taxa. Representatives of Decoriconus, Istorinus and Sagittodontina are reported from the Ordovician of UK for the first time. The fauna is a typical representative of the British Province of the Atlantic Realm and includes a mixture of taxa of North American, Baltoscandic and Mediterranean affinities along with pandemic species. Based on the presence of many elements of Amorphognathus ordovicicus and some morphologically advanced specimens of Amorphognathus superbus, the Sholeshook Limestone Formation is referred to the lower A. ordovicicus Zone. Most of the unit is also coeval with Zone 2 of the Cautleyan Stage in the British regional stage classification, and stage slice Ka3 of the middle Katian Stage in the global stratigraphical classification, an age assignment consistent with data from trilobites, graptolites and chitinozoans. The unusually large collection of M elements of Amorphognathus provides insight into the complex morphological variation in this element of some Katian species of this genus. The Sholeshook conodont fauna is similar to those of the Crûg and Birdshill limestones, but differs in several respects from the slightly older ones from the Caradocian type area in the Welsh Borderland. Although having some species in common, the Sholeshook conodont fauna clearly differs from coeval Baltoscandic faunas and is even more different in composition compared with equivalent North American Midcontinent faunas.
Pediatricians manage anaphylaxis poorly regardless of episode severity
Authors: Derinoz Oksan , Bakirtas Arzu , Arga Mustafa , Catal Ferhat , Ergöcen Salih , Turktas Ipek , Demirsoy M Sadik 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundNo information exists on how the knowledge or the practice of pediatricians regarding anaphylaxis episodes vary with episode severity. The aim of this study was to assess and compare pediatrician knowledge on the management of mild and severe anaphylaxis using clinical scenarios and to determine factors that affect their decisions.MethodsA questionnaire consisting of eight questions on the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis was distributed at two national congresses. A uniform answer box including possible response choices was given below each question, and respondents were asked to check the answers that they thought appropriate. The management of mild and severe anaphylaxis was examined using two clinical case scenarios involving initial treatment, monitoring, and discharge recommendations.ResultsFour hundred and ten questionnaires were analyzed. The percentage of pediatricians who correctly answered all questions on the management of mild and severe anaphylaxis scenarios was 11.3% and 3.2%, respectively. Pediatricians did significantly better with initial treatment, but they were less knowledgeable with respect to observation time and discharge criteria in the mild anaphylaxis case scenario compared with the severe one (both P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified only working in an emergency department or intensive care unit as significantly predicting correct diagnosis of anaphylaxis among pediatricians (P = 0.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.11–0.57). No pediatrician‐related factors predicted physician knowledge on the management of anaphylaxis.ConclusionsPediatricians have difficulty with different steps in managing mild and severe anaphylaxis. Their deficiencies in management may result in failure to prevent recurrences of mild anaphylaxis and may increase mortality in severe anaphylaxis.
Seasonal Variation of 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D among non‐Hispanic Black and White Pregnant Women from Three US Pregnancy Cohorts
Authors: Luque‐Fernandez Miguel Angel , Gelaye Bizu , VanderWeele Tyler , Ferre Cynthia , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Holzman Claudia , Enquobahrie Daniel A. , Dole Nancy , Williams Michelle A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of complications and adverse perinatal outcomes. We evaluated seasonal variation of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] among pregnant women, focusing on patterns and determinants of variation.MethodsData came from three cohort studies in the US that included 2583 non‐Hispanic Black and White women having prenatal 25(OH)D concentrations determined. Fourier time series and generalised linear models were used to estimate the magnitude of 25(OH)D seasonality. We modelled seasonal variability using a stationary cosinor model to estimate the phase shift, peak–trough difference, and annual mean of 25(OH)D.ResultsWe observed a peak for 25(OH)D in summer, a nadir in winter, and a phase of 8 months, which resulted from fluctuations in 25(OH)D3 rather than 25(OH)D2. After adjustment for covariates, the annual mean concentrations and estimated peak–trough difference of 25(OH)D among Black women were 19.8 ng/mL [95% confidence interval (CI) 18.9, 20.5] and 5.8 ng/mL [95% CI 4.7, 6.7], and for non‐Hispanic White women were 33.0 ng/mL [95% CI 32.6, 33.4] and 7.4 ng/mL [95% CI 6.0, 8.9].ConclusionsNon‐Hispanic Black women had lower average 25(OH)D concentrations throughout the year and smaller seasonal variation levels than non‐Hispanic White women. This study's confirmation of 25(OH)D seasonality over a calendar year has the potential to enhance public health interventions targeted to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Acoustic startle reactivity while processing reward‐related food cues during food deprivation: Evidence from women in different menstrual cycle phases and men
Authors: de Sá Diana S. Ferreira , Plein Debora E. , Schulz André , Oitzl Melly S. , Blumenthal Terry D. , Schächinger Hartmut 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPrevious research has shown that food deprivation enhances the acoustic startle reflex when it is elicited during presentation of visual food cues. Frustrative nonreward may explain this effect, since visual food cues are also rated to be more appetitive and arousing during food deprivation. However, the impact of menstrual cycle and sex on this effect remains unclear, and it is also not known whether this effect is influenced by hunger and motivation to eat. According to a within‐study design, 20 healthy women in different menstrual cycle phases and 14 healthy men participated twice, in normal and food‐deprived conditions. After 18 h of food deprivation, acoustic startle was attenuated by appetitive nonfood foreground pictures, but enhanced by presentation of food pictures. No differences between menstrual cycle phases and sexes appeared. The effect correlated with hunger changes, suggesting that motivational factors play a role.
Genetic population structure of buckeye butterflies (Junonia) fromArgentina
Authors: BORCHERS TANJA E. , MARCUS JEFFREY M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThere are nine named species of buckeye butterflies (genusJunoniaHübner) in theWesternHemisphere. There is considerable geographic variation withinJunoniaspecies, and possible ongoing hybridization between species, suggesting thatJunoniamay be a ring species, but also making this a very difficult group to define taxonomically. We tried to determine whether two forms ofJunoniafromArgentina – conventionally referred to asJunonia genoveva hilarisC. &R. Felder, the light buckeye butterfly, andJunonia evarete flirtea(Fabricius), the dark buckeye butterfly – were genetically distinct species or simply colour forms of a single species using morphological characters, mitochondrialcytochrome oxidase I(COI)DNAbarcodes, nuclearwingless(wg) locusDNAsequences, and anonymous nuclearRandomlyAmplifiedFingerprints (RAF). Phylogenetic analysis ofCOIidentified two distinct mitochondrial haplotypes that differ by about 4% sequence divergence; one confined to light‐colouredJunoniaspecimens and one shared between some light‐colouredJunoniaand all of dark‐colouredJunoniaspecimens. Analysis of nuclearwinglesssequences revealed 32 alleles among 22Junoniaspecimens and showed significant genetic differentiation between light‐coloured and dark‐colouredJunonia. Analysis ofRAFgenotypes suggests that there are actually three genetically distinctJunoniapopulations inArgentina: two with light wing coloration, and one with dark wing coloration. Genetic evidence of recent hybridization among these populations was also observed, consistent with the ring species hypothesis. Careful comparisons of morphological characters betweenArgentinianJunoniaandJunoniaspecies from elsewhere inSouthAmerica suggests that the two light‐coloured populations correspond toJ. genovevaand either a genetically disparate population of the same species or an undescribed crypticJunoniaspecies, The dark‐coloured population may correspond toJ. wahlbergiBrévignon. Our data suggest thatCOI DNAbarcodes by themselves are not very useful for studyingJunoniataxonomy, population structure or evolution.
First Report of Human Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Attributed to TcBat Genotype
Authors: Ramírez J. D. , Hernández C. , Montilla M. , Zambrano P. , Flórez A. C. , Parra E. , Cucunubá Z. M. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryChagas disease is an endemic disease of the American continent caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and divided into six discrete typing units (TcI – TcVI). Nearly 10 million people harbour the infection representing a serious issue in public health. Epidemiological surveillance allowed us to detect a bat‐related T. cruzi genotype (henceforth named TcBat) in a 5‐year‐old female living in a forest area in northwestern Colombia. Molecular tools determined a mixed infection of T. cruzi I and TcBat genotypes. This represents the first report of TcBat infection in humans; the epidemiological consequences of this finding are discussed herein.
Thermal Performance of a Flat Plate Heat Pipe With Gradient Wettability
Authors: Chen Ping-Hei , Chen Hung-Hsia , Huang Bo-Rui , Kuo Long-Sheng 
Published: December 2013

Many studies have been performed on the flat-plate heat pipes with sintered wick. It was found that during the evaporation process, the heat transfer characteristics of hydrophilic surface performed better than hydrophobic surface. This work investigated the heat transfer characteristics of flat-plate heat pipes in which the bottom surface was modified with various gradient contact angles by a sol-gel method. This method was applied to create a gradient surface on copper-plate surface. The coated nanoparticles were immobilized on the surface after the surface was heated in a furnace at a working temperature of 120°C. The thermal resistance results of flat plate heat pipes with either homogeneous superhydrophilic surface or a gradient wettability are reported in this study.
For the gradient wettability, the evaporation region was super-hydrophilic and the condense region was super-hydrophobic. The heat transfer ability was both increased in evaporation region and condense region. Furthermore, the reflux ability of the working fluid was performed better due to the unbalanced surface tension on the gradient surface and the impact of gravity force of inclination angle (α). By manipulating different surfaces with different contact angles (gradient surface, contact angle = 150 ° /110 ° /20 ° /10 ° and uniform surface, contact angle <10°) and different inclination angles (α = 0°, 10°), we managed to find the better combination to improve the thermal performance of flat-plate heat pipe.
The results indicated that the thermal performance of flat plate heat pipe with a gradient wettability is better than homogeneous superhydrophilic surface. The evaporation resistance of gradient wettability surface (gradient & α = 10°) has achieved to 0.098 °C /W, and reduced 30% than homogenous superhydrophilic surface (CA <10° & α = 0°). The gradient wettability surface in this work performed as well as the traditional sintered wick flat-plate heat pipe.