bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of photochemical and sonochemical processes in degradation of Basic Violet 16 (BV16) dye from aqueous solutions
Authors: Rahmani Zahra , Kermani Majid , Gholami Mitra , Jafari Ahmad Jonidi , Mahmoodi Niyaz Mohammad 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this study, degradation of Basic Violet 16 (BV16) by ultraviolet radiation (UV), ultrasonic irradiation (US), UV/H2O2and US/H2O2processes was investigated in a laboratory-scale batch photoreactor equipped with a 55W immersed-type low-pressure mercury vapor lamp and a sonoreactor with high frequency (130kHz) plate type transducer at 100W of acoustic power. The effects of initial dye concentration, concentration of H2O2and solution pH and presence of Na2SO4was studied on the sonochemical and photochemical destruction of BV16 in aqueous phase. The results indicated that in the UV/H2O2and US/H2O2systems, a sufficient amount of H2O2was necessary, but a very high H2O2concentration would inhibit the reaction rate. The optimum H2O2concentration was achieved in the range of 17 mmol/L at dye concentration of 30 mg/L. A degradation of 99% was obtained with UV/H2O2within 8 minutes while decolorization efficiency by using UV (23%), US (<6%) and US/H2O2(<15%) processes were negligible for this kind of dye. Pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to dyestuffs concentrations was found to fit all the experimental data.
1,8-Cineole, a TRPM8 Agonist, is a Novel Natural Antagonist of Human TRPA1
Authors: Takaishi Masayuki , Fujita Fumitaka , Uchida Kunitoshi , Yamamoto Satoshi , Sawada (Shimizu) Maki , Hatai (Uotsu) Chihiro , Shimizu Mayumi , Tominaga Makoto 
Published: November 2012

Background: Essential oils are often used in alternative medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory remedies. However, the specific compounds that confer the effects of essential oils and the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. TRPM8 is a thermosensitive receptor that detects cool temperatures and menthol whereas TRPA1 is a sensor of noxious cold. Ideally, an effective analgesic compound would activate TRPM8 and inhibit TRPA1. Results: We screened essential oils and fragrance chemicals showing a high ratio of human TRPM8-activating ability versus human TRPA1-activating ability using a Ca2+-imaging method, and identified 1,8-cineole in eucalyptus oil as particularly effective. Patch-clamp experiments confirmed that 1,8-cineole evoked inward currents in HEK293T cells expressing human TRPM8, but not human TRPA1. In addition, 1,8-cineole inhibited human TRPA1 currents activated by allyl isothiocyanate, menthol, fulfenamic acid or octanol in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in vivo sensory irritation tests showed that 1,8-cineole conferred an analgesic effect on sensory irritation produced by TRPA1 agonists octanol and menthol. Surprisingly, 1,4-cineole, which is structurally similar and also present in eucalyptus oil, activated both human TRPM8 and human TRPA1. Conclusions: 1,8-cineole is a rare natural antagonist of human TRPA1 that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects possibly due to its inhibition of TRPA1.
Engaging people who use drugs in policy and program development: A review of the literature
Authors: Ti Lianping , Tzemis Despina , Buxton Jane A 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Health policies and programs are increasingly being driven by people from the community to more effectively address their needs. While a large body of evidence supports peer engagement in the context of policy and program development for various populations, little is known about this form of engagement among people who use drugs (PWUD). Therefore, a narrative literature review was undertaken to provide an overview of this topic. Searches of PubMed and Academic Search Premier databases covering 1995–2010 were conducted to identify articles assessing peer engagement in policy and program development. In total, 19 articles were included for review. Our findings indicate that PWUD face many challenges that restrict their ability to engage with public health professionals and policy makers, including the high levels of stigma and discrimination that persist among this population. Although the literature shows that many international organizations are recommending the involvement of PWUD in policy and program development, our findings revealed a lack of published data on the implementation of these efforts. Gaps in the current evidence highlight the need for additional research to explore and document the engagement of PWUD in the areas of policy and program development. Further, efforts to minimize stigmatizing barriers associated with illicit drug use are urgently needed to improve the engagement of PWUD in decision making processes.
Spontaneous perforation of jejunal gastrintestinal stromal tumour (gist). Case report and review of literature
Authors: Roy Somsubhra Datta , Khan Dawood , De Krishna K , De Utpal 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
GIST is the commonest mesenchymal tumour of the gastrointestinal tract. Jejunal GIST is rare and spontaneous perforation of asymptomatic jejunal GIST is unique. A review of the English literature reveals only fifteen cases of perforated GIST till date. Pre-operative diagnosis is difficult. Diagnosis is confirmed on histopathology and immuno-histochemistry. Complete removal with postoperative imatinib therapy entails optimal treatment. Perforated GIST is associated with high recurrence.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected medicinal plants and fungi containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds
Authors: Diaz Patricia , Jeong Sang Chul , Lee Samiuela , Khoo Cheang , Koyyalamudi Sundar Rao 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to determine the relationship between the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the thirteen herbs and two fungi extracts, and their total phenolic and flavonoid contents.MethodsAntioxidant activities were evaluated by four assays: an antioxidant activity assay usingSaccharomyces cerevisiae, a DPPH ((2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay to assess free radical scavenging, an assay assessing ferrous ions or iron (II) chelating ability, and a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activities were determined by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide and TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide- and interferon-γ-activated J774A.1 macrophages. Their cytotoxicities against macrophages were determined by MTT assay.ResultsA positive linear correlation between antioxidant activities and the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the plant extracts was found. The plant extracts with high phenolic and flavonoid content also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity with good cell viability.ConclusionThe selected herbs could be a rich source of antioxidants and free radical scavenging compounds. The levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds were correlated with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts from the herbs.
UPLC-QTOF-MS with chemical profiling approach for rapidly evaluating chemical consistency between traditional and dispensing granule decoctions of Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction
Authors: Shang Erxin , Zhu Zhenhua , Liu Li , Tang Yuping , Duan Jin-ao 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn the present study, chemical consistency between traditional and dispensing granule decoctions of Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction was rapidly evaluated by UPLC-QTOF-MS coupled with the MarkerLynx software. Two different kinds of decoctions, namely traditional decoction: water extract of mixed six constituent herbs of Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction, and dispensing granules decoction: mixed water extract of each individual herbs of Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction, were prepared.ResultsChemical difference was found between traditional and dispensing granule decoctions, and albiflorin, paeoniflorin, gallic acid, amygdalin, and hydroxysafflor yellow A were identified as the significantly changed components during decocting Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction. All the peaks of mass spectrum from Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction and each herb were extracted and integration by using QuanLynx™. And the optimized data was used for linear regression analysis. The contribution of each herb in Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction, and the optimal compatibility proportion of dispensing granule decoction were derived from the linear regression equation.ConclusionsThe optimal dosage proportionality of Tao-Hong-Si-Wu dispensing granule decoction was obtained as 2.5:0.2:1:0.5:0.6:0.1 (DG : CX : BS : SD : TR : HH), which guided better clinic application of Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction as dispensing granule decoctions usage, and it also provided some experimental data to reveal the compatibility rule of the relative TCM formulae.
Associations of the TNF-alpha -308 G/A, IL6 -174 G/C and AdipoQ 45 T/G polymorphisms with inflammatory and metabolic responses to lifestyle intervention in Brazilians at high cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Curti Maira LR , Pires Milena M , Barros Camila R , Siqueira-Catania Antonela , Rogero Marcelo Macedo , Ferreira Sandra RG 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue influence inflammation and insulin sensitivity, and lead to metabolic disturbances. How certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) interfere on lifestyle interventions is unclear. We assessed associations of selected SNPs with changes induced by a lifestyle intervention.

Methods
This 9-month intervention on diet and physical activity included 180 Brazilians at high cardiometabolic risk, genotyped for the TNF-α -308 G/A, IL-6 -174 G/C and AdipoQ 45 T/G SNPs. Changes in metabolic and inflammatory variables were analyzed according to these SNPs. Individuals with at least one variant allele were grouped and compared with those with the reference genotype.

Results
In the entire sample (66.7% women; mean age 56.5 ± 11.6 years), intervention resulted in lower energy intake, higher physical activity, and improvement in anthropometry, plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profile and inflammatory markers, except for IL-6 concentrations. After intervention, only variant allele carriers of the TNF-α -308 G/A decreased plasma glucose, after adjusting for age and gender (OR 2.96, p = 0.025). Regarding the IL6 -174 G/C SNP, carriers of the variant allele had a better response of lipid profile and adiponectin concentration, but only the reference genotype group decreased plasma glucose. In contrast to individuals with the reference genotype, carriers of variant allele of AdipoQ 45 T/G SNP did not change plasma glucose, apolipoprotein B, HDL-c and adiponectin concentrations in response to intervention.

Conclusion
The TNFα -308 G/A SNP may predispose a better response of glucose metabolism to lifestyle intervention. The IL-6 -174 G/C SNP may confer a beneficial effect on lipid but not on glucose metabolism. Our findings reinforce unfavorable effects of the AdipoQ 45 T/G SNP in lipid profile and glucose metabolism after intervention in Brazilians at cardiometabolic risk. Further studies are needed to direct lifestyle intervention to subsets of individuals at cardiometabolic risk.
Raised circulating tenascin-C in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Page Theresa H , Charles Peter J , Piccinini Anna M , Nicolaidou Vicky , Taylor Peter C , Midwood Kim S 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to examine whether circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory glycoprotein tenascin-C (TNC) are elevated in musculoskeletal disorders including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to assess in RA whether levels are related to clinical disease status and/or patient response to treatment.

Methods
TNC in serum or plasma was quantified by ELISA. Samples from 4 cohorts of RA patients were examined and compared to normal human subjects and to patients with other inflammatory diseases.

Results
Circulating TNC levels were significantly raised in patients with RA, as well as patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic inflammatory myositis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, whilst patients with Sjogren's syndrome displayed levels similar to healthy controls. The highest levels of TNC were observed in RA patients with late stage disease. In early disease TNC levels correlated positively with ultrasound determined erosion scores. Treatment of early RA patients with infliximab plus methotrexate (MTX) resulted in a transient decrease in circulating TNC over the first year of therapy. In contrast, TNC levels increased over time in RA patients receiving MTX alone. In patients treated with infliximab plus MTX, baseline TNC levels significantly correlated with tender joint counts (TJC) at 18 and 54 weeks after initiation of infliximab therapy.

Conclusions
Raised circulating TNC levels are detected in specific inflammatory diseases. Levels are especially high in RA where they may act as a biomarker of bone erosion and a predictor of the effect of infliximab on RA patient joint pain.
Markers of intestinal inflammation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a pilot study
Authors: Matzkies Franziska G , Targan Stephan R , Berel Dror , Landers Carol J , Reveille John D , McGovern Dermot PB , Weisman Michael H 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are similar chronic inflammatory diseases whose definitive etiology is unknown. Following recent clinical and genetic evidence supporting an intertwined pathogenic relationship, we conducted a pilot study to measure fecal calprotectin (fCAL) and IBD-related serologies in AS patients.

Methods
Consecutive AS patients were recruited from a long-term prospectively collected longitudinal AS cohort at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Controls were recruited from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center employees or spouses of patients with AS. Sera were tested by ELISA for IBD-associated serologies (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody IgG and IgA, anti-I2, anti-OmpC, and anti-CBir1). The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index were completed for AS patients.

Results
A total of 81 subjects (39 AS patients and 42 controls) were included for analysis. The average age of AS patients was 47 years and the average disease duration was 22 years. AS patients were predominantly male; 76% were HLA-B27-positive. Median fCAL levels were 42 μg/g and 17 μg/g in the AS group and controls, respectively (P < 0.001). When using the manufacturer's recommended cutoff value for positivity of 50 μg/g, stool samples of 41% of AS patients and 10% of controls were positive for fCAL (P = 0.0016). With the exception of ANCA, there were no significant differences in antibody levels between patients and controls. Median ANCA was 6.9 ELISA units in AS patients and 4.3 ELISA units in the controls. Among AS patients stratified by fCAL level, there were statistically significant differences between patients and controls for multiple IBD-associated antibodies.

Conclusion
Calprotectin levels were elevated in 41% of patients with AS with a cutoff value for positivity of 50 μg/g. fCAL-positive AS patients displayed higher medians of most IBD-specific antibodies when compared with healthy controls or fCAL-negative AS patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether fCAL can be used to identify and characterize a subgroup of AS patients whose disease might be driven by subclinical bowel inflammation.
Modelling the overdiagnosis of breast cancer due to mammography screening in womenaged 40 to 49 in the United Kingdom
Authors: Gunsoy Necdet B , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Moss Sue M 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Overdiagnosis of breast cancer due to mammography screening, defined as thediagnosis of screen-detected cancers that would not have presented clinically in awomen's lifetime in the absence of screening, has emerged as a highly contentiousissue, as harm caused may question the benefit of mammographic screening. Moststudies included women over 50 years old and little information is available foryounger women.

Methods
We estimated the overdiagnosis of breast cancer due to screening in women aged 40to 49 years using data from a randomised trial of annual mammographic screeningstarting at age 40 conducted in the UK. A six-state Markov model was constructedto estimate the sensitivity of mammography for invasive and insitu breast cancer and the screen-detectable mean sojourn time fornon-progressive in situ, progressive in situ, and invasivebreast cancer. Then, a 10-state simulation model of cancer progression, screening,and death, was developed to estimate overdiagnosis attributable to screening.

Results
The sensitivity of mammography for invasive and in situ breast cancerswas 90% (95% CI, 72 to 99) and 82% (43 to 99), respectively. The screen-detectablemean sojourn time of preclinical non-progressive and progressive in situ cancers was 1.3 (0.4 to 3.4) and 0.11 (0.05 to 0.19) years, respectively, and0.8 years (0.6 to 1.2) for preclinical invasive breast cancer. The proportion ofscreen-detected in situ cancers that were non-progressive was 55% (25 to77) for the first and 40% (22 to 60) for subsequent screens. In our main analysis,overdiagnosis was estimated as 0.7% of screen-detected cancers. A sensitivityanalysis, covering a wide range of alternative scenarios, yielded a range of 0.5%to 2.9%.

Conclusion
Although a high proportion of screen-detected in situ cancers werenon-progressive, a majority of these would have presented clinically in theabsence of screening. The extent of overdiagnosis due to screening in women aged40 to 49 was small. Results also suggest annual screening is most suitable forwomen aged 40 to 49 in the United Kingdom due to short cancer sojourn times.
MIRAGE: a functional genomics-based approach for metabolic network model reconstruction and its application to cyanobacteria networks
Authors: Vitkin Edward , Shlomi Tomer 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGenome-scale metabolic network reconstructions are considered a key step in quantifying the genotype-phenotype relationship. We present a novel gap-filling approach, MetabolIc Reconstruction via functionAl GEnomics (MIRAGE), which identifies missing network reactions by integrating metabolic flux analysis and functional genomics data. MIRAGE's performance is demonstrated on the reconstruction of metabolic network models of E. coli and Synechocystis sp. and validated via existing networks for these species. Then, it is applied to reconstruct genome-scale metabolic network models for 36 sequenced cyanobacteria amenable for constraint-based modeling analysis and specifically for metabolic engineering. The reconstructed network models are supplied via standard SBML files.
Coordinate regulation of N-glycosylation gene DPAGT1, canonical Wnt signaling and E-cadherin adhesion
Authors: Sengupta Pritam K. , Bouchie Meghan P. , Nita-Lazar Mihai , Yang Hsiao-Ying , Kukuruzinska Maria A. 
Published: November 2012

Summary
The metabolic pathway of protein N-glycosylation influences intercellular adhesion by affecting the composition and cytoskeletal association of E-cadherin protein complexes, or adherens junctions (AJs). In sparse cells, E-cadherin is modified extensively with complex N-glycans and forms nascent AJs, while in dense cultures, hypoglycosylated E-cadherin drives the assembly of mature AJs with increased levels of γ- and α-catenins. N-glycosylation of E-cadherin is controlled by the DPAGT1 gene, a key regulator of the N-glycosylation pathway. DPAGT1 is a target of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, with both β- and γ-catenins binding to Tcf at its promoter. We now report that DPAGT1 senses cell density through canonical Wnt signaling. In dense cells, depletion of β-catenin from the DPAGT1 promoter correlated with downregulation of its cellular abundance, while loss of nuclear γ-catenin reflected its greater recruitment to AJs. DPAGT1 itself affected canonical Wnt signaling, with forced changes in its expression resulting in corresponding changes in transcriptionally active β-catenin and canonical Wnt activity. Remarkably, a 2.4-fold increase in the DPAGT1 mRNA level resulted in increased N-glycosylation and reduced membrane localization of E-cadherin, coincident with dramatic changes in cell morphology. Lastly, we present evidence that N-glycosylation status of E-cadherin controls its antagonism of canonical Wnt signaling. Transfection of hypoglycosylated E-cadherin mutant, V13, but not fully N-glycosylated E-cadherin, into sparse cells inhibited canonical Wnt activity by depleting nuclear β- and γ-catenins. Collectively, our studies show that cells coordinate DPAGT1 expression and protein N-glycosylation with canonical Wnt signaling and E-cadherin adhesion via positive and negative feedback mechanisms.
Regulation of telomere length and homeostasis by telomerase enzyme processivity
Authors: D'Souza Yasmin , Lauzon Catherine , Chu Tsz Wai , Autexier Chantal 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein consisting of a catalytic subunit, the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and an integrally associated RNA that contains a template for the synthesis of short repetitive G-rich DNA sequences at the ends of telomeres. Telomerase can repetitively reverse transcribe its short RNA template, acting processively to add multiple telomeric repeats onto the same DNA substrate. The contribution of enzyme processivity to telomere length regulation in human cells is not well characterized. In cancer cells, under homeostatic telomere length-maintenance conditions, telomerase acts processively, whereas under nonequilibrium conditions, telomerase acts distributively on the shortest telomeres. To investigate the role of increased telomerase processivity on telomere length regulation in human cells with limited lifespan that are dependent on human TERT for lifespan extension and immortalization, we mutated the leucine at position 866 in the reverse transcriptase C motif of human TERT to a tyrosine (L866Y), which is the amino acid found at the equivalent position in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. We report that, similar to the previously reported gain-of-function Tetrahymena telomerase mutant (L813Y), the human telomerase variant displays increased processivity. Human TERT-L866Y, like wild-type human TERT, can immortalize and extend the lifespan of limited-lifespan cells. Moreover, cells expressing human TERT-L866Y display heterogenous telomere lengths, telomere elongation, multiple telomeric signals indicative of fragile sites and replicative stress, and an increase in short telomeres, which is accompanied by telomere trimming events. Our results suggest that telomere length and homeostasis in human cells may be regulated by telomerase enzyme processivity.
The Meanings of the Term ḥrj-ib in Divine Epithets
Authors: Eaton Katherine 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The epithet “ḥrj-ib temple X”, when inscribed in scenes or texts within “temple X” designates deities with divine images which received cult in that temple. Those images might be permanently resident in that temple, or just visiting for a festival. Thus, the deity’s association with that temple was indicated, without providing any definitive indication concerning the permanency or duration of that association. Deities could also visit temple X without residing in it, or receive cult remotely with no three-dimensional physical presence in temple X. These deities were sometimes localized externally with the epithet “ḥrj-ib temple Y” in scenes and texts in temple X.