bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal precipitation distribution determines ecosystem CO2 and H2O exchange by regulating spring soil water–salt dynamics in a brackish wetland
Authors: Huang Wanxin , Han Guangxuan , Wei Siyu , Zhao Mingliang , Chu Xiaojing , Sun Ruifeng , Zou Nan , Wang Xiaojie , Li Peiguang , Zhang Xiaoshuai , Lu Feng , Zhang Shuyan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The intensification of the global hydrological cycle is anticipated to increase the variability of precipitation patterns. Brackish wetlands respond to changes in precipitation patterns by regulating the absorption and release of CO2 and H2O to maintain the stability of ecosystem functions. However, there is limited understanding of how the inter‐seasonal precipitation distribution (SPD) affects ecosystem CO2 and H2O exchange compared with annual precipitation totals.

Here, we conducted four consecutive years of field experiments in a brackish wetland, manipulating the proportion of precipitation across different seasons while maintaining a constant annual precipitation total. We utilized five inter‐SPD proportions (+73%, +56%, control (CK), −56%, −73%) to examine the effects of SPD on ecosystem CO2 and H2O exchange.

Our findings revealed that the annual ecosystem CO2 and H2O fluxes showed a trend of decreasing with the decrease in spring precipitation distribution. Among them, the annual net ecosystem CO2 exchange, evapotranspiration, carbon use efficiency and water use efficiency were shown to be more sensitive to decrease in spring precipitation distribution and increase in summer and autumn precipitation distribution. This negative asymmetric response pattern suggests that annual ecosystem CO2 and H2O exchange is primarily governed by seasonal precipitation variability, with spring soil water–salt dynamics identified as the key driver. Therefore, this association can be explained by the fact that drought of the early growth stage exacerbates soil salinization and inhibits vegetation colonization and growth, thereby greatly impairing the annual CO2–H2O exchange capacity of brackish wetlands.

Our results emphasized that the spring extreme precipitation‐induced soil water–salt conditions will greatly influence CO2 and H2O exchange in brackish wetlands in the future. These findings are crucial for improving predictions of the carbon sequestration and water‐holding capacity of brackish wetlands.

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Cheap Talk? Strategy Disclosure Intensity, Corporate Risk‐Taking and Financial Performance
Authors: Cai Wenjing , Shi Wei , Jiang Fuxiu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCorporate risk‐taking is key to a firm's ability to achieve competitive advantages. Drawing on the attention‐based view and the information‐processing perspective, we argue that firms with higher strategy disclosure intensity (i.e. greater frequency of ‘corporate strategy’ mentions in a firm's public disclosure) will allocate more attention to corporate strategy and develop stronger information‐processing capacities, enabling them to undertake more intensive risk‐taking. This is particularly true when investment opportunities are more abundant and the environment is more dynamic. In addition, corporate risk‐taking will lead to better financial performance when firms exhibit stronger strategy disclosure intensity. Findings from 3190 firms support our arguments. Overall, this study advances strategic management research by demonstrating that strategy disclosure intensity provides important insights into a firm's risk‐taking decisions and performance.
The promotive influence of positive moral emotions on prosocial behavior in 3–5‐year‐old children
Authors: Zhao Feng , Peng Chunhua , Turel Ofir , He Qinghua , Zhang Shuyue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProsocial behaviour is a hallmark of social and emotional competence during childhood. Thus, promoting the development of children's prosocial behaviour can have important downstream benefits for individuals and society. Previous studies indicated that there is a positive effect of negative moral emotions on prosocial behaviour, but the influence of positive moral emotions on prosocial behaviour remains largely unknown. This study adopted three experiments to investigate the influence of positive moral emotions on three aspects of prosocial behaviour in 3–5‐year‐old children. After inducing positive moral emotions in children, they were observed either in helping (Experiment 1, N = 151, 75 boys), sharing (Experiment 2, N = 141, 69 boys) or comforting (Experiment 3, N = 132, 66 boys) scenarios. Results showed that: (1) children's helping, sharing and comforting behaviours in the moral emotions (experimental) group were significantly higher than those in the control group, suggesting that positive moral emotions could positively influence the examined prosocial behaviours; (2) there were age differences in children's helping, sharing and comforting, but the effect of positive moral emotions on the examined prosocial behaviours did not differ by age and gender. These findings point to the need for fostering positive moral emotions in early cultivation of children's prosocial behaviour during pre‐schooler education.
Endothelial histone deacetylase 1 activity impairs kidney microvascular NO signaling in rats fed a high‐salt diet
Authors: Dunaway Luke S. , Cook Anthony K. , Kellum Cailin E. , Edell Claudia , Botta Davide , Molina Patrick A. , Sedaka Randee S. , d'Uscio Livius V. , Katusic Zvonimir S. , Pollock David M. , Inscho Edward W. , Pollock Jennifer S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimWe aimed to test the hypothesis that a high‐salt diet (HS) impairs NO signaling in kidney microvascular endothelial cells through a histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1)‐dependent mechanism.MethodsMale Sprague Dawley rats were fed normal salt diet (NS; 0.49% NaCl) or HS (4% NaCl) for 2 weeks. NO signaling was assessed by measuring L‐NAME induced vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole using the blood perfused juxtamedullary nephron (JMN) preparation. In this preparation, kidneys were perfused with blood from a donor rat on a matching or different diet to that of the kidney donor. Kidney endothelial cells were isolated with magnetic activated cell sorting and HDAC1 activity was measured.ResultsWe found HS‐induced impaired NO signaling in the afferent arteriole. This was restored by inhibition of HDAC1 with MS‐275. Consistent with these findings, HDAC1 activity was increased in kidney endothelial cells. We further found the loss of NO to be dependent upon the diet of the blood donor rather than the diet of the kidney donor and the plasma from HS‐fed rats to be sufficient to induce impaired NO signaling. This indicates the presence of a humoral factor we termed plasma‐derived endothelial dysfunction mediator (PDEM). Pretreatment with the antioxidants, PEG‐SOD and PEG‐catalase, as well as the NOS cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin, restored NO signaling.ConclusionWe conclude that HS activates endothelial HDAC1 through PDEM leading to decreased NO signaling. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which a HS decreases renal microvascular endothelial NO signaling.
Timing of information presentation matters: Effects on secondary school students' cognition, motivation and emotion in game‐based learning
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Wouters Pieter , van der Schaaf Marieke , Kester Liesbeth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLearning with games requires two types of information, namely domain‐specific information and game‐specific information. Presenting these two types of information together with gameplay may pose a heavy demand on cognitive resources. This study investigates how timing of information presentation affects cognition (ie, mental effort and performance), motivation (ie, achievement goals) and emotion (ie, achievement emotions). Participants were secondary school students (N = 145). Participants participated in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with two factors—timing of domain‐specific information presentation and timing of game‐specific information presentation, either before or during gameplay. We measured mental effort, chemistry knowledge, time on task, achievement goals and achievement emotions. Multiple regression and robust regression revealed that presenting domain‐specific information before gameplay promoted higher approach goals, higher avoidance goals and more enjoyment than presenting it during gameplay. There was no difference between presenting game‐specific information before gameplay and during gameplay except for performance‐avoidance goals. We conclude that timing of information presentation affects motivational and emotional processes and outcomes and that students feel more motivated and enjoyed when domain‐specific information is presented before learning than during learning. Educators may change the timing of domain‐specific information presentation accordingly.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Well‐designed game‐based learning can increase learning.
Game‐based learning needs effective instructional design features.
What this paper adds

One instructional design feature, timing of information presentation, affects motivation and emotion in game‐based learning.
Students feel more motivated and enjoyed when domain‐specific information is presented before learning than during learning.
This study is one of the first to focus on cognitive, motivational and emotional processes and outcomes, and their interconnections.
Implications for practice and policy

Educators would do well to present domain‐specific information before learning than during learning.
Researchers on instructional design features should attend to all cognitive, motivational and emotional processes and outcomes instead of just one or two.
Form and function of anguilliform swimming
Authors: Stin Vincent , Godoy‐Diana Ramiro , Bonnet Xavier , Herrel Anthony 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAnguilliform swimmers are long and narrow animals that propel themselves by undulating their bodies. Observations in nature and recent investigations suggest that anguilliform swimming is highly efficient. However, understanding the underlying reasons for the efficiency of this type of locomotion requires interdisciplinary studies spanning from biology to hydrodynamics. Regrettably, these different fields are rarely discussed together, which hinders our ability to understand the repeated evolution of this swimming mode in vertebrates. This review compiles the current knowledge of the anatomical features that drive anguilliform swimming, compares the resulting kinematics across a wide range of anguilliform swimmers, and describes the resulting hydrodynamic interactions using data from both in vivo experiments and computational studies.
Salivary metabolomic biomarkers for esophageal and gastric cancers by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Nakane Kosuke , Yagi Koichi , Yajima Sho , Nomura Sachiyo , Sugimoto Masahiro , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEarly detection of esophageal and gastric cancers is essential for patients' prognosis; however, optimal noninvasive screening tests are currently not available. Saliva is a biofluid that is readily available, allowing for frequent screening tests. Thus, we explored salivary diagnostic biomarkers for esophageal and gastric cancers using metabolomic analyses. Saliva samples were collected from patients with esophageal (n = 50) and gastric cancer (n = 63), and patients without cancer as controls (n = 20). Salivary metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to identify salivary biomarkers. We also examined the metabolic profiles of gastric cancer tissues and compared them with the salivary biomarkers. The sensitivity of the diagnostic models based on salivary biomarkers was assessed by comparing it with that of serum tumor markers. Additionally, using postoperative saliva samples collected from patients with gastric cancer, we analyzed the changes in the biomarkers' concentrations before and after surgery. Cytosine was detected as a salivary biomarker for gastric cancer, and cytosine, 2‐oxoglutarate, and arginine were detected as salivary biomarkers for esophageal cancer. Cytidine, a cytosine nucleotide, showed decreased concentrations in gastric cancer tissues. The sensitivity of the diagnostic models for esophageal and gastric cancers was 66.0% and 47.6%, respectively, while that of serum tumor markers was 40%. Salivary cytosine concentration increased significantly postoperatively relative to the preoperative value. In summary, we identified salivary biomarkers for esophageal and gastric cancers, which showed diagnostic sensitivity at least comparable to that of serum tumor markers. Salivary metabolomic tests could be promising screening tests for these types of cancer.
Enzyme replacement therapy for hypophosphatasia—The current paradigm
Authors: Schindeler Aaron , Ludwig Karissa , Munns Craig F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, inherited, and systemic disorder characterized by impaired skeletal mineralization and low tissue nonspecific serum alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) activity. It is caused by either autosomal recessive or dominant‐negative mutations in the gene that encodes TNSALP. The phenotype of HPP is very broad including abnormal bone mineralization, disturbances of calcium and phosphate metabolism, pain, recurrent fracture, short stature, respiratory impairment, developmental delay, tooth loss, seizures, and premature death. Other than supportive care, there has been no disease‐specific treatment available for those with HPP. Asfotase alfa is a fully humanized, recombinant enzyme replacement therapy for the management of HPP. It is available in several countries for the treatment of the more severe forms of HPP, namely perinatal and infantile HPP. This review will summarize the preclinical data on asfotase alfa and highlight the data from clinical trials and case reports. These data show the transformative nature of asfotase alfa when administered as part of an interdisciplinary treatment model.
Factors affecting radiographic marginal bone resorption at dental implants in function for at least 5 years: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Farina Roberto , Tomasi Cristiano , Vignoletti Fabio , Paolantoni Guerino , Giordano Francesco , Ortensi Luca , Simonelli Anna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of patient and implant‐related factors on the changes of marginal bone levels (MBL) at implants with a follow‐up ≥5 years.Materials and MethodsAt baseline (within 6 months from prosthetic insertion) and long‐term (≥5 years after implant placement) visits, interproximal (mesial and distal) MBL were radiographically evaluated. To analyze factors predicting MBL change, the site (either mesial or distal) showing the highest MBL change (hChMBL site) was identified for each implant. Multilevel regression models were built to explain MBL change as well as the probability for a bone loss ≥2 mm at long‐term.Results942 implants in 312 patients with a mean follow‐up of 8.02 ± 2.5 years were analyzed. MBL change was significantly predicted by baseline MBL, oral bisphosphonate (BP) intake, history of periodontitis, diabetes, and super‐hydrophilic implant surface. Higher risk for a bone loss ≥2 mm was observed in patients with history of periodontitis (OR = 9.52, 95% CI 0.72–3.79) and taking BP (OR = 6.84, 95% CI 0.21–3.63). Mandibular implants had higher odds for bone loss ≥2 mm compared to maxillary implants (OR = 3, 95% CI 0.39–1.87).ConclusionsThe findings of the present study contribute to the identification of specific clinical scenarios at higher risk for implant‐supporting bone loss that need to be strictly monitored during maintenance.
Therapeutic effects of exendin‐4 on spinal cord injury via restoring autophagy function and decreasing necroptosis in neuron
Authors: Gao Xiao , Li Qu‐Peng , Hao Jing‐Ru , Sun Kai , Feng Hu , Guo Kai‐Jin , Gao Can 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsNecroptosis is one of programmed death that may aggravate spinal cord injury (SCI). We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of exendin‐4 (EX‐4) on the recovery of motor function and necroptosis after SCI.MethodsThe SD rats with left hemisection in the T10 spinal cord as SCI model were used. The behavior tests were measured within 4 weeks. The effects of EX‐4 on necroptosis‐associated proteins and autophagy flux were explored. In addition, the SHSY5Y cell model was introduced to explore the direct effect of EX‐4 on neurons. The effect of lysosome was explored using mTOR activator and AO staining.ResultsEX‐4 could improve motor function and limb strength, promote the recovery of autophagy flux, and accelerate the degradation of necroptosis‐related protein at 3 d after injury in rats. EX‐4 reduced lysosome membrane permeability, promoted the recovery of lysosome function and autophagy flux, and accelerated the degradation of necroptosis‐related proteins by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of mTOR in the SHSY5Y cell model.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that EX‐4 may improve motor function after SCI via inhibiting mTOR phosphorylation level and accelerating the degradation of necroptosis‐related proteins in neurons. Our findings may provide new therapeutic targets for clinical treatment after SCI.
Impaired autophagy‐mediated macrophage polarization contributes to age‐related hyposalivation
Authors: Xin Zhili , Xu Rongyao , Dong Yangjiele , Jin Shenghao , Ge Xiao , Shen Xin , Guo Songsong , Fu Yu , Zhang Ping , Jiang Hongbing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAge‐related dysfunction of salivary glands (SGs) leading to xerostomia or dry mouth is typically associated with increased dental caries and difficulties in mastication, deglutition or speech. Inflammaging‐induced hyposalivation plays a significant role in aged SGs; however, the mechanisms by which ageing shapes the inflammatory microenvironment of SGs remain unclear. Here, we show that reduced salivary secretion flow rate in aged human and mice SGs is associated with impaired autophagy and increased M1 polarization of macrophages. Our study reveals the crucial roles of SIRT6 in regulating macrophage autophagy and polarization through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, as demonstrated by generating two conditional knock out mice. Furthermore, triptolide (TP) effectively rejuvenates macrophage autophagy and polarization via targeting this pathway. We also design a local delivery of TP‐loaded apoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) to improve age‐related SGs dysfunction therapeutically. Collectively, our findings uncover a previously unknown link between SIRT6‐regulated autophagy and macrophage polarization in age‐mediated hyposalivation, while our locally therapeutic strategy exhibits potential preventive effects for age‐related hyposalivation.
Not enough trees – Scaling up koala habitat restoration using seed enhancement technologies
Authors: Andres Samantha E. , Medina Cesar , Gallagher Rachael V. , Hillman Georgina , Palmes Lachlan , Lieurance Paige E. , Mills Charlotte H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLarge‐scale ecological restoration is a crucial tool for improving the quality and extent of habitat for wildlife. In Australia, 25,000 hectares of land is to be restored to support habitat connectivity for the Endangered koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). However, limited funding is a barrier to achieving restoration of this scale without the integration of new technologies and approaches. Seed enhancement technologies (SETs) are commonly used in agriculture to improve plant establishment and growth while reducing seed wastage; yet SETs are rarely used in restoration. Here, we tested the efficacy of SETs with five native tree species favored by koalas. Using a greenhouse trial, we measured emergence, time to emergence, growth rates, and survival up to 7 weeks post planting. At 33 weeks post‐planting, we measured total biomass, root: shoot ratios, and the specific root length. SETs resulted in comparable emergence and survival and promoted a longer time to emergence relative to bare seeds. Importantly, seedlings grown from SETs yielded higher average growth rates (0.3 mm/week higher), total biomass (5.93 mg higher) and root: shoot ratios (0.258 higher) relative to seedlings grown without SETs. These findings underscore the applicability of SETs to native species to support large‐scale koala habitat restoration by increasing the growth rate and size of seedlings at the early life stage.
Comparative Analysis of Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury in Heart Transplantation: A Single‐Center Study Evaluating Conventional Ice‐Cold Storage versus the Paragonix SherpaPak Cardiac Transport System
Authors: Lotan Dor , Moeller Cathrine M. , Rahman Afsana , Rubinstein Gal , Oren Daniel , Mehlman Yonatan , Valledor Andrea Fernandez , DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Raikhelkar Jayant , Clerkin Kevin , Fried Justin , Majure David , Naka Yoshifumi , Kaku Yuji , Takeda Koji , Oh Kyung Taek , Yunis Adil , Colombo Paolo C , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Latif Farhana , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir , Sekulic Miroslav 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSince the 2018 allocation system change in heart transplantation (HT), ischemic times have increased, which may be associated with peri‐operative and post‐operative complications. This study aimed to compare ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in hearts preserved using ice‐cold storage (ICS) and the Paragonix SherpaPak TM Cardiac Transport System (CTS).MethodsFrom January 2021 to June 2022, consecutive endomyocardial biopsies from 90 HT recipients were analyzed by a cardiac pathologist in a single‐blinded manner: 33 ICS and 57 CTS. Endomyocardial biopsies were performed at three‐time intervals post‐HT, and the severity of IRI manifesting histologically as coagulative myocyte necrosis (CMN) was evaluated, along with graft rejection and graft function.ResultsThe incidence of IRI at weeks 1, 4, and 8 post‐HT were similar between the ICS and CTS groups. There was a 59.3% statistically significant reduction in CMN from week 1 to 4 with CTS, but not with ICS. By week 8, there were significant reductions in CMN in both groups. Only 1 out of 33 (3%) patients in the ICS group had an ischemic time >240 mins, compared to 10 out of 52 (19%) patients in the CTS group. During the follow‐up period of 8 weeks to 12 months, there were no significant differences in rejection rates, formation of de novo donor‐specific antibodies and overall survival between the groups.ConclusionThe CTS preservation system had similar rates of IRI and clinical outcomes compared to ICS despite longer overall ischemic times. There is significantly more recovery of IRI in the early post operative period with CTS. This study supports CTS as a viable option for preservation from remote locations, expanding the donor pool.
Factors associated with Saudi physicians’ utilization of clinical ethics consultation services
Authors: Muaygil Ruaim A. , Jabor Raaoum M. , Alrayes Rahaf A. , Alharbi Ghada S. , Alqoud Shaima A. , Alenazi Manar A. , Alenazi Ftoon A. , Muayqil Taim A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClinical Ethics Consultation (CEC) aims to resolve ethical dilemmas at the bedside. Through a structured process, CEC allows practitioners and patients to consult ethicists at times of moral conflict or uncertainty. Over the past few decades, CEC has become an invaluable part of healthcare practice. In Saudi Arabia, however, CEC services remain inexplicably underutilized. This study attempts to understand the factors associated with Saudi physicians’ utilization of CEC to better meet the needs of practitioners and patients. Results indicate that although physicians routinely experience moral dilemmas, they seldom request a CEC. This is not due to unfamiliarity, lack of accessibility, or suspicion of ethical expertise. Rather, reluctance is likely due to an ingrained medical cultural stronghold that pressures practitioners to act heroically, and to resolve ethical dilemmas independently. Recommendations to improve the utilization of CEC services include wider availability, active collaborations with clinical practitioners, routine quality improvements, and managerial and national support.