bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe intraocular pressure response to periocular or intravitreal steroid treatment in Australia and New Zealand: data from the Australian and New Zealand Ophthalmic Surveillance Unit
Authors: Fitzgerald Jude T , Saunders Lynda , Ridge Bronwyn , White Andrew JR , Goldberg Ivan , Clark Ben , Mills Richard AD , Craig Jamie E 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundIncrease in intraocular pressure is a recognized complication of corticosteroid treatment via intravitreal or periocular injections for treatment of a range of conditions including macular oedema and retinal neovascularization.DesignThis surveillance study was designed to determine the incidence and nature of severe intraocular pressure elevation as a complication of intravitreal or periocular corticosteroid injections in Australia and New Zealand.ParticipantsSeventeen cases meeting the defined criteria of severe intraocular pressure elevation, above 35 mmHg, following an intravitreal or periocular corticosteroid injection were included in the study.MethodsOver an 18‐month period, ophthalmologists were invited to report cases to the Australian and New Zealand Ophthalmic Surveillance Unit. After reporting, further demographic and clinical information was sought via a follow‐up questionnaire.Main Outcome MeasuresIntraocular pressure elevation above 35 mmHg.ResultsFollow‐up questionnaires were received for 20 cases of 34 initially reported to the unit. Seventeen met the defined criteria. Triamcinolone acetonide was used in all 17 cases, with 16 delivered as a 4‐mg intravitreal injection. There was an absence of identified underlying risk factors in the majority of cases with personal history of glaucoma in 2 of 17 cases. No cases reported a positive family history of glaucoma. Trabeculectomy was performed in 8 of 17 patients (47%) for intraocular pressure management.ConclusionsSevere intraocular pressure elevation following intravitreal or periocular corticosteroid injection can occur in the absence of risk factors such as personal and family history of glaucoma. The severe intraocular pressure elevation may ultimately require trabeculectomy.
Reproducibility of the water drinking test in treated glaucomatous patients
Authors: Babic Mirko , De Moraes C Gustavo , Hatanaka Marcelo , Ju Guilherme , Susanna Remo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the reproducibility of intraocular pressure peaks and fluctuation elicited during the water drinking test in treated glaucomatous patients with a long follow‐up interval.DesignRetrospective cohort study in a tertiary care practice.ParticipantsThirty‐four treated primary open‐angle glaucoma patients.MethodsAll patients underwent the water drinking test performed in two consecutive visits without any change in the therapeutic regimen. The mean interval between tests was 4.85 (range: 3–6) months. Reproducibility of peak and fluctuation during the water drinking test was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement of intraocular pressure peaks and fluctuation measured between two consecutive tests.Main Outcome MeasuresIntraclass correlation and agreement of intraocular pressure peaks and fluctuation between visits.ResultsThere were no significant differences in baseline intraocular pressure values (mean ± standard deviation, 11.73 ± 2.36 and 11.61 ± 2.71 mmHg; P = 0.72) and peaks (14.55 ± 3.41 and 15.02 ± 3.66 mmHg, respectively; P = 0.163) detected during the water drinking test between the first and second visits. There was also no significant difference between the average intraocular pressure fluctuation values (2.82 ± 1.99 and 3.41 ± 2.54 mmHg, respectively; P = 0.135). Intraocular pressure peaks and fluctuation presented intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.85 (P < 0.001) and 0.50 (P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate excellent reproducibility of intraocular pressure peaks during the water drinking test. Intraocular pressure fluctuation did not reveal good reproducibility, though. These results emphasize the applicability of this test to assess treatment efficacy in daily practice and interventional studies.
Changes in Metabolites after Treatment with Memantine in Fibromyalgia. A Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Trial with Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy with a 6‐month Follow‐up
Authors: Fayed Nicolás , Olivan‐Blázquez Bárbara , Herrera‐Mercadal Paola , Puebla‐Guedea Marta , Pérez‐Yus Mari‐Cruz , Andrés Eva , López del Hoyo Yolanda , Magallon Rosa , Viguera Laura , Garcia‐Campayo Javier 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAimTo evaluate the efficacy of memantine on metabolite levels in different areas of the brain and to determine whether changes in metabolite levels correlate with clinical variables in Fibromyalgia (FM) patients.MethodsDoubled‐blind parallel randomized controlled trial. Twenty‐five patients diagnosed with FM were enrolled in the study. Patients were administered questionnaires on pain, anxiety, depression, quality of life, and cognitive impairment, and single‐voxel MRS of the brain was performed. All assessments were performed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with memantine or placebo.ResultsPatients treated with memantine exhibited a significant increase in the glutamate (P = 0.010), glutamate/creatine ratio (P = 0.013), combined glutamate + glutamine (P = 0.016) and total N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA+NAAG) (P = 0.034) in the posterior cingulate cortex compared with those on placebo. Furthermore, the memantine group exhibited increases in creatine (P = 0.013) and choline (Cho) (P = 0.025) in the right posterior insula and also a correlation between choline and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) in the posterior insula (P = 0.050) was observed.ConclusionMemantine treatment resulted in an increase in cerebral metabolism in FM patients, suggesting its utility for the treatment of the illness.
Cross‐reactivity between citral and geraniol – can it be attributed to oxidized geraniol?
Authors: Hagvall Lina , Bråred Christensson Johanna 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe fragrance compound geraniol is susceptible to autoxidation when in contact with air, and to cutaneous metabolism. In both processes, the isomeric aldehydes geranial and neral are formed. Citral consists of geranial and neral. Among patients with positive reactions to citral, we have previously detected concomitant reactions to geraniol in 85% of cases and to oxidized geraniol in 73% of cases.ObjectiveTo study the pattern of concomitant reactions to geraniol and citral and its isomers geranial and neral, and to determine whether these isomers are important sensitizers in contact allergy to geraniol and oxidized geraniol.Patients and methodsThe irritancy of geranial and citral was studied. Six hundred and fifty‐five patients were patch tested with geranial, neral and citral at 3.5% pet., pure geraniol at 6.0% and 11.0% pet., and oxidized geraniol at 6.0% pet.ResultsTwenty‐six per cent of citral‐positive patients reacted to oxidized geraniol, and 10.5% reacted to pure geraniol. Citral and/or its isomers gave positive reactions in 25% of the patients who reacted to pure geraniol.ConclusionsThere is little cross‐reactivity between pure geraniol and citral; however, concomitant reactions to citral and oxidized geraniol were common, owing to geranial. Geranial was also the main sensitizer in the mixture citral.
Field validation shows bias‐corrected pseudo‐absence selection is the best method for predictive species‐distribution modelling
Authors: Hertzog Lionel R. , Besnard Aurélien , Jay‐Robert Pierre 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTo determine the performance of different pseudo‐absence selection strategies on the prediction of species‐distribution models after 30 years of regional climatic and land use changes.LocationContinental France and the Iberian Peninsula.MethodsIn this study, we used a large database of Coprophagous Scarabaeidae beetle records collected between 1970 and 1980 in continental France and the Iberian Peninsula to assess the relative performance of different modelling methods in predicting species distributions using current climate and land use information. We usedmaxentwith standard settings and boosted regression trees with three different approaches to generate pseudo‐absences. We used historical data to model species distribution and then projected the models into the present. Each method's performance was then assessed by specific field sampling conducted at 20 different sites.ResultsField validation demonstrated that model predictions were more accurate when pseudo‐absence data were selected from a sampling bias grid and that model evaluations based on test datasets can lead to false conclusions if not correctly calibrated. The study also demonstrated that the method in which pseudo‐absences are dealt with has a major impact on ecological conclusions.Main conclusionCorrecting for spatial bias in collections datasets is of great importance for predicting future trends in species distributions. Uncorrected models showed a strong bias in their predicted species richness patterns.
New method of direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube placement using balloon‐assisted enteroscopy with fluoroscopy
Authors: Velázquez‐Aviña Jacobo , Beyer Ryan , Díaz‐Tobar Claudia P. , Peter Shajan , Kyanam Kabir Baig Kondal R. , Wilcox C. Mel , Mönkemüller Klaus 
Published: September 2014

Background and AimDirect percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ) is a useful method to provide nutrition to patients with a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) problems. The present study describes a new method of DPEJ using balloon‐assisted‐enteroscopy.MethodsThis observational, retrospective, single‐arm case study conducted at a tertiary care hospital during a 15‐month period included 25 patients (12 females, 13 males, mean age 54 years, age range 31–79 years) with necrotizing pancreatitis, n = 7; complex upper GI surgery, n = 6; complex fistula, n = 6; impossibility to place a gastrostomy tube, n = 5; and bowel obstruction, n = 1. The new DPEJ technique focused on three key components: (i) use of balloon‐assisted overtube; (ii) use of fluoroscopy; (iii) leaving the overtube in place during the entire procedure (and also for DPEJ removal).ResultsTechnical success was 96%. Mean time of the procedure was 30.5 min (range 24 to 45 min). Clinical success was 100% (24/24); all DPEJ could be used for their intended purpose.ConclusionsThis new method of inserting a DPEJ using balloon enteroscopy and fluoroscopy was safe and successful. Future comparative studies are now warranted.
Implications of ongoing neural development for the measurement of the error‐related negativity in childhood
Authors: DuPuis David , Ram Nilam , Willner Cynthia J. , Karalunas Sarah , Segalowitz Sidney J. , Gatzke‐Kopp Lisa M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEvent‐related potentials (ERPs) have been proposed as biomarkers capable of reflecting individual differences in neural processing not necessarily detectable at the behavioral level. However, the role of ERPs in developmental research could be hampered by current methodological approaches to quantification. ERPs are extracted as an average waveform over many trials; however, actual amplitudes would be misrepresented by an average if there was high trial‐to‐trial variability in signal latency. Low signal temporal consistency is thought to be a characteristic of immature neural systems, although consistency is not routinely measured in ERP research. The present study examined the differential contributions of signal strength and temporal consistency across trials in the error‐related negativity (ERN) in 6‐year‐old children, as well as the developmental changes that occur in these measures. The 234 children were assessed annually in kindergarten, 1st, and 2nd grade. At all assessments signal strength and temporal consistency were highly correlated with the average ERN amplitude, and were not correlated with each other. Consistent with previous findings, ERN deflections in the averaged waveform increased with age. This was found to be a function of developmental increases in signal temporal consistency, whereas signal strength showed a significant decline across this time period. In addition, average ERN amplitudes showed low‐to‐moderate stability across the three assessments whereas signal strength was highly stable. In contrast, signal temporal consistency did not evidence rank‐order stability across these ages. Signal strength appears to reflect a stable individual trait whereas developmental changes in temporal consistency may be experientially influenced.
A Serendipitous Identification of a Lead Extraction Complication
Authors: Madden George , Farrukh Omar , Stavrakis Stavros , Sivaram C. A. 
Published: September 2014

A 57‐year‐old male with a dual chamber pacemaker and symptomatic, persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) accompanying a febrile illness presented for elective transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)‐guided cardioversion. The patient was found to have a large 2.5 cm × 2.3 cm, mobile mass attached to the right atrial lead. Following device and lead extraction, he developed progressive shortness of breath which was attributed to his underlying arrhythmia. One month later, AF ablation was pursued and preablation TEE revealed a dilated main pulmonary artery with a 1.8 cm × 1.6 cm mass in the distal left pulmonary artery, which was corroborated by a 1.4 cm × 2.5 cm filling defect in the descending left pulmonary artery on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). To our knowledge, this is the first case report to document the distal migration of vegetation material into the pulmonary artery with serial TEE and highlights the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with large endocardial lead vegetations undergoing transvenous lead extraction.
Assessment of sensorimotor gating following selective lesions of cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons
Authors: MacLaren Duncan A. A. , Markovic Tamara , Clark Stewart D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSensorimotor gating is the state‐dependent transfer of sensory information into a motor system. When this occurs at an early stage of the processing stream it enables stimuli to be filtered out or partially ignored, thereby reducing the demands placed on advanced systems. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is the standard measure of sensorimotor gating. A brainstem–midbrain circuitry is widely viewed as mediating both PPI and ASR. In this circuitry, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) integrates sensory input and cortico‐basal ganglia output and, via presumed cholinergic signaling, inhibits ASR‐generating neurons within the reticular formation. Non‐selective damage to all neuronal types within PPTg reduces PPI. We assessed whether this effect originates in the loss of cholinergic signaling by examining ASR and PPI in rats bearing non‐selective (excitotoxic) or selective cholinergic (Dtx‐UII) lesions of PPTg. Excitotoxic lesions had no effect on ASR but reduced PPI at all prepulse levels tested. In contrast, selective depletion of cholinergic neurons reduced ASR to the extent that PPI was not measurable with standard (10–20 s) inter‐trial intervals. Subsequent testing revealed appreciable ASRs could be generated when the inter‐trial interval was increased (180 s). Under these conditions, PPI was assessed and no deficits were found after lesions of cholinergic PPTg neurons. These results show that cholinergic output from PPTg is essential for rapidly regenerating the ASR, but has no influence on PPI. Results are discussed in terms of sensorimotor integration circuitry and psychiatric disorders that feature disrupted ASR and PPI.
Birth outcomes after prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs—A population‐based study
Authors: Kilic Demet , Pedersen Henrik , Kjaersgaard Maiken Ina Siegismund , Parner Erik Thorlund , Vestergaard Mogens , Sørensen Merete Juul , Olsen Jørn , Bech Bodil Hammer , Christensen Jakob , Pedersen Lars Henning 
Published: September 2014

SummaryObjectiveWe studied the potential impact of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on fetal growth and gestational age at birth.MethodsIn the Danish Medical Birth Registry, we identified all pregnancies with birth outcomes from 1997 to 2008 and linked with data from the Danish National Prescription Register. We used binomial regression to study preterm birth (<37 weeks), low birth weight (<2,500 g), and small for gestational age (SGA), adjusted for potential confounding factors including maternal age, smoking, substance abuse, cohabitation, income, education, and parity.ResultsWe identified 679,762 singletons, and 2,928 (0.4%) of these had been exposed to AEDs. Exposure to AEDs was associated with a risk of preterm birth (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.50) when compared to unexposed children. However, when stratifying on maternal epilepsy, there was no association between AED exposure and preterm birth in offspring of women with epilepsy (aRR 1.00; 95% CI 0.82–1.21), whereas there was a risk associated with AED exposure in offspring of women without epilepsy (aRR 1.56; 95% CI 1.27–1.92). AED exposure was associated with a risk of being born with low birth weight (aRR 1.40; 95% CI 1.22–1.60) both for children born of women with epilepsy (aRR 1.32; 95% CI 1.06–1.63) and children born of women without epilepsy (aRR 1.61; 95% CI 1.28–2.02). The risk of being born SGA associated with AED exposure (aRR 1.21; 95% CI 1.10–1.34) was found both in offspring of women with epilepsy (aRR 1.19; 95% CI 1.02–1.37) and without epilepsy (aRR 1.21; 95% CI 1.01–1.45).SignificancePrenatal AED exposure was associated with low birth weight and risk of being born SGA, but only with preterm birth among women without epilepsy.
Quantitative molecular viral loads in 7 horses with naturally occurring equine herpesvirus‐1 infection
Authors: Estell K. E. , Dawson D. R. , Magdesian K. G. , Swain E. , Laing S. T. , Siso S. , Mapes S. , Pusterla N. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyData associating quantitative viral load with severity, clinical signs and survival in equine herpesvirus‐1 myeloencephalopathy (EHM) have not been reported.ObjectivesTo report the clinical signs, treatment, and temporal progression of viral loads in 7 horses with naturally occurring EHM and to examine the association of these factors with survival.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsThe population included 7 horses with EHM presented to the University of California, Davis William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from May to September 2011. Horses were graded using a neurological grading scale. Daily quantitative PCR was performed on nasal secretions and whole blood. Treatment, survival, outcome and histopathology were reported.ResultsAt presentation, one horse was neurological grade 5/5, 3 were grade 4/5 and 3 were grade 3/5. All were treated with anti‐inflammatory drugs, valacyclovir and management in a sling if necessary. All were infected with equine herpesvirus‐1 of DNA polymerase D752 genotype. Peak viral load in nasal secretions and blood of 5 survivors ranged from 6.9 × 103 to 2.81 × 105 (median 5.11 × 104) and from 143 to 4340 gB gene copies/million eukaryotic cells (median 3146), respectively. The 2 nonsurvivors presented with grade 3/5 neurological signs and progressed to encephalopathy. Peak viral load was higher in nonsurvivors, with levels in nasal secretions of 1.9 × 109 and 2.2 × 109 and in blood of 2.05 × 104 and 1.02 × 105 gB gene copies/million eukaryotic cells. Case fatality was 2/7.ConclusionsNonsurvivors had viral loads 1000‐fold higher in nasal secretions and 10‐fold higher in blood than survivors. There was no relationship between severity of clinical signs at presentation and survival. Thus, encephalopathy and high viral load were negatively associated with survival in this population. Further research should be performed to determine whether high viral loads are associated with encephalopathy and poor prognosis.The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting information.
Carbon accumulation in a permafrost polygon peatland: steady long‐term rates in spite of shifts between dry and wet conditions
Authors: Gao Yang , Couwenberg John 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIce‐wedge polygon peatlands contain a substantial part of the carbon stored in permafrost soils. However, little is known about their long‐term carbon accumulation rates (CAR) in relation to shifts in vegetation and climate. We collected four peat profiles from one single polygon in NE Yakutia and cut them into contiguous 0.5 cm slices. Pollen density interpolation between AMS 14C dated levels provided the time span contained in each of the sample slices, which – in combination with the volumetric carbon content – allowed for the reconstruction of CAR over decadal and centennial timescales. Vegetation representing dry palaeo‐ridges and wet depressions was reconstructed with detailed micro‐ and macrofossil analysis. We found repeated shifts between wet and dry conditions during the past millennium. Dry ridges with associated permafrost growth originated during phases of (relatively) warm summer temperature and collapsed during relatively cold phases, illustrating the important role of vegetation and peat as intermediaries between ambient air temperature and the permafrost. The average long‐term CAR across the four profiles was 10.6 ± 5.5 g C m−2 yr−1. Time‐weighted mean CAR did not differ significantly between wet depression and dry ridge/hummock phases (10.6 ± 5.2 g C m−2 yr−1 and 10.3 ± 5.7 g C m−2 yr−1, respectively). Although we observed increased CAR in relation to warm shifts, we also found changes in the opposite direction and the highest CAR actually occurred during the Little Ice Age. In fact, CAR rather seems to be governed by strong internal feedback mechanisms and has roughly remained stable on centennial time scales. The absence of significant differences in CAR between dry ridge and wet depression phases suggests that recent warming and associated expansion of shrubs will not affect long‐term rates of carbon burial in ice‐wedge polygon peatlands.
Questioning the use of an amphibian colour morph as an indicator of climate change
Authors: Moore Jean‐David , Ouellet Martin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe effects of recent climate changes on earth ecosystems are likely among the most important ecological concerns in human history. Good bioindicators are essential to properly assess the magnitude of these changes. In the last decades, studies have suggested that the morph proportion of the eastern red‐backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus), one of the most widely distributed and abundant vertebrate species in forests of eastern North America, could be used as a proxy for monitoring climate changes. Based on new discoveries in the northern areas of the species' range and on one of the largest compilation ever made for a vertebrate in North America (236 109 observations compiled from 1880 to 2013 in 1148 localities), we demonstrate however that climatic and geographic variables do not influence the colour morph proportions in P. cinereus populations. Consequently, we show that the use of colour morph proportions of this species do not perform as an indicator of climate change. Our findings indicate that bioindicator paradigms can be significantly challenged by new ecological research and more representative databases.