bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D MXene/MBene Superlattice with Narrow Bandgap as Superior Electrocatalyst for High‐Performance Lithium–Oxygen Battery
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Xu Haoyang , Wang Xinxiang , Tian Guilei , Yu Xudong , Wang Chuan , Zeng Chenrui , Wang Shuhan , Fan Fengxia , Liu Sheng , Shu Chaozhu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery with large theoretical energy density (≈3500 Wh kg−1) is one of the most promising energy storage and conversion systems. However, the slow kinetics of oxygen electrode reactions inhibit the practical application of Li–O2 battery. Thus, designing efficient electrocatalysts is crucial to improve battery performance. Here, Ti3C2 MXene/Mo4/3B2‐x MBene superlattice is fabricated its electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen redox reactions in Li–O2 battery is studied. It is found that the built‐in electric field formed by a large work function difference between Ti3C2 and Mo4/3B2‐x will power the charge transfer at the interface from titanium (Ti) site in Ti3C2 to molybdenum (Mo) site in Mo4/3B2‐x. This charge transfer increases the electron density in 4d orbital of Mo site and decreases the d‐band center of Mo site, thus optimizing the adsorption of intermediate product LiO2 at Mo site and accelerating the kinetics of oxygen electrode reactions. Meanwhile, the formed film‐like discharge products (Li2O2) improve the contact with electrode and facilitate the decomposition of Li2O2. Based on the above advantages, the Ti3C2 MXene/Mo4/3B2‐x MBene superlattice‐based Li–O2 battery exhibits large discharge specific capacity (17 167 mAh g−1), low overpotential (1.16 V), and superior cycling performance (475 cycles).
Ultrasensitive Raman Detection of Biomolecular Conformation at the Attomole Scale using Chiral Nanophotonics
Authors: Chaubey Shailendra K. , Kumar Rahul , Lalaguna Paula L. , Kartau Martin , Bianco Simona , Tabouillot Victor , Thomson Andrew R , Sutherland Andrew , Lyutakov Oleksiy , Gadegaard Nikolaj , Karimullah Affar S. , Kadodwala Malcolm 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the function of a biomolecule hinges on its 3D conformation or secondary structure. Chirally sensitive, optically active techniques based on the differential absorption of UV–vis circularly polarized light excel at rapid characterisation of secondary structures. However, Raman spectroscopy, a powerful method for determining the structure of simple molecules, has limited capacity for structural analysis of biomolecules because of intrinsically weak optical activity, necessitating millimolar (mM) sample quantities. A breakthrough is presented for utilising Raman spectroscopy in ultrasensitive biomolecular conformation detection, surpassing conventional Raman optical activity by 15 orders of magnitude. This strategy combines chiral plasmonic metasurfaces with achiral molecular Raman reporters and enables the detection of different conformations (α‐helix and random coil) of a model peptide (poly‐L/D‐lysine) at the ≤attomole level (monolayer). This exceptional sensitivity stems from the ability to detect local, molecular‐scale changes in the electromagnetic (EM) environment of a chiral nanocavity induced by the presence of biomolecules using molecular Raman reporters. Further signal enhancement is achieved by incorporating achiral Au nanoparticles. The introduction of the nanoparticles creates highly localized regions of extreme optical chirality. This approach, which exploits Raman, a generic phenomenon, paves the way for next‐generation technologies for the ultrasensitive detection of diverse biomolecular structures.
Restoration of load capacity and stiffness of continuous steel–concrete composite beams having web openings using externally applied FRP strips
Authors: Hakeem Ibrahim Y. , Osama Bothaina , Li Weiwen , Wang Peng , Lu Yao , Sobuz Md. Habibur Rahman , Al Hudeesh Mohammed Ghalib , Mansour Walid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore the applicability of externally bonded fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to enhance the structural performance of steel–concrete composite beams with web openings in terms of load capacity and stiffness. In order to achieve this aim, the ABAQUS software was used to create a three‐dimensional (3D) non‐linear finite element model (FEM) to simulate the behavior of FRP‐strengthened continuous composite beams with web openings exposed to monotonic loadings. After ascertaining the accuracy of the proposed model's results in successfully predicting failure patterns and load capacities of the experimentally tested specimens available in the literature, the suggested model was used to create a parametric study. The parametric study focused on the impacts of the opening location, opening shapes, and opening area on the failure pattern, load carrying capacity, and stiffness of continuous steel–concrete composite beams. Additionally, strengthening the web openings using different configurations and lengths of FRP strips with and without bolts was investigated. Results showed that the presence of web openings in location 2 exhibited the lowest load capacity of all investigated beams (20.80%–42.50% lower than the control composite beam). Moreover, the continuous composite beams with a circular opening were the best case and gave a higher failure load as compared to the rectangular opening at all locations. Additionally, all the simulated FRP‐strengthened composite beams in the third group demonstrated significant values of load capacities and stiffness among all the analyzed specimens.
Experimental and theoretical research of the punching shear performance of steel‐normal concrete‐UHPC composite slabs
Authors: Guo Songsong , Liu Chao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of UHPC enables reducing the height of composite slabs, which may decrease the punching shear capacity. This paper investigates the punching shear behavior of steel‐normal concrete‐UHPC composite slabs with experiments and theoretical analyses. Results indicated that a 50 mm UHPC layer makes the nominal punching shear strength increase by 24.91%. Utilizing UHPC and increasing loading area can effectively enhance the punching shear capacity. Besides, theoretical punching shear model proposed based on rigid‐plastic theory can reliably predict the punching shear capacity of composite slabs. The punching shear angle derived from strength theory closely matches the experimental values.
Evaluation of Water Quality Indexes and Heavy Metal Pollution Indexes of Different Industrial Effluents and Karnaphuli River Water in Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Didarul Alam , Billah Tabassum , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Bakri Muhammad Khusairy Bin , Barua Sagor , Morshed A. J. M. , Uddin Ektiar , Uddin Muhammad Misbah 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe study evaluated the water quality index (WQI) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) of different industrial effluent and surface water from various sites of the Karnaphuli River, based on the weighted arithmetic index method. The samples were collected from 20 different industries, including textile dyeing, textile washing, oil processing, chemicals, and tannery, and 17 stations of the Karnaphuli River, from the Kalurghat Bridge to the estuary where the river meets with the Bay of Bengal. This study was carried out in the dry season of the 2021–2022 fiscal year. Six physicochemical parameters, namely pH, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and hardness, were taken for the determination of the WQI, and concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, and Ni) were considered for the calculation of the HPI. Both indexes were calculated against the Bangladesh Standard (denoted by subscript a) and WHO standards (denoted by subscript b). The water quality indexes WQIa and WQIb for industrial effluent ranged from 11.66 to 176.77 and 44.45 to 9703.99, respectively. Samples namely TD‐5, TD‐7, TD‐8, TD‐9, TD‐10, OS‐1, and C‐1 showed excessively high WQI value. On the other hand, the HPIa and HPIb of industrial effluent varied from 43.6 to 167,785.3 and 0.34 to 18,412.3, respectively. Furthermore, oil processing and chemical effluents showed noticeably higher HPI values than other industrial samples. Both WQI and HPI values indicated a serious pollution load in most experimental samples. No river water sample showed a WQI value below 100, denoting it was unfit for consumption. The water quality indexes WQIa and WQIb for river water samples ranged from 1275.40 to 29,405.77 and 131.20 to 5860.99, respectively. According to the Bangladesh Standard, the river water samples were moderately to highly polluted by metal. The highest HPI value for the river water sample was 7965, denoting extreme metal pollution. The investigation revealed that most industrial effluents and Karnaphuli River water samples contained significant pollution load. Therefore, effective measures must be adopted immediately for future sustainability to cope with this contamination. The results emphasize the immediate requirement for strict regulations and advanced water treatment technologies to reduce contamination risks in the Karnaphuli River. Prompt action by authorities is essential to safeguard the river, prevent ongoing ecological damage, and address metal accumulation in fish affecting the food chain. Public awareness and legislative measures are vital for ecosystem preservation.
Monitoring Unmanned Aircraft: Specification, Integration, and Lessons-Learned
Authors: Baumeister Jan , Finkbeiner Bernd , Kohn Florian , Löhr Florian , Manfredi Guido , Schirmer Sebastian , Torens Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper reports on the integration of runtime monitoring into fully-electric aircraft designed by Volocopter, a German aircraft manufacturer of electric multi-rotor helicopters. The runtime monitor recognizes hazardous situations and system faults. Since the correct operation of the monitor is critical for the safety of the aircraft, the development of the monitor must follow strict aeronautical standards. This includes the integration of the monitor into different development environments, such as log-file analysis, hardware/software-in-the-loop testing, and test flights. We have used the stream-based monitoring framework RTLola to generate monitors for a range of requirements. In this paper, we present representative monitoring specifications and our lessons learned from integrating the generated monitors. Our main finding is that the specification and the integration need to be decoupled, because the specification remains stable throughout the development process, whereas the different development stages require a separate integration of the monitor into each environment. We achieve this decoupling with a novel abstraction layer in the monitoring framework that adapts the monitor to each environment without affecting the core component generated from the specification. The decoupling of the integration has also allowed us to react quickly to the frequent changes in the hardware and software environment of the monitor due to the fast-paced development of the aircraft in a startup company.
Parsimonious Optimal Dynamic Partial Order Reduction
Authors: Abdulla Parosh Aziz , Atig Mohamed Faouzi , Das Sarbojit , Jonsson Bengt , Sagonas Konstantinos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStateless model checking is a fully automatic verification technique for concurrent programs that checks for safety violations by exploring all possible thread schedulings. It becomes effective when coupled with Dynamic Partial Order Reduction (DPOR), which introduces an equivalence on schedulings and reduces the amount of needed exploration. DPOR algorithms that are optimal are particularly effective in that they guarantee to explore exactly one execution from each equivalence class. Unfortunately, existing sequence-based optimal algorithms may in the worst case consume memory that is exponential in the size of the analyzed program. In this paper, we present Parsimonious-OPtimal DPOR (POP), an optimal DPOR algorithm for analyzing multi-threaded programs under sequential consistency, whose space consumption is polynomial in the worst case. POP combines several novel algorithmic techniques, including (i) a parsimonious race reversal strategy, which avoids multiple reversals of the same race, (ii) an eager race reversal strategy to avoid storing initial fragments of to-be-explored executions, and (iii) a space-efficient scheme for preventing redundant exploration, which replaces the use of sleep sets. Our implementation in Nidhugg shows that these techniques can significantly speed up the analysis of concurrent programs, and do so with low memory consumption. Comparison to TruSt, a related optimal DPOR algorithm that represents executions as graphs, shows that POP ’s implementation achieves similar performance for smaller benchmarks, and scales much better than TruSt ’s on programs with long executions.
mypyvy: A Research Platform for Verification of Transition Systems in First-Order Logic
Authors: Wilcox James R. , Feldman Yotam M. Y. , Padon Oded , Shoham Sharon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract is an open-source tool for specifying transition systems in first-order logic and reasoning about them. is particularly suitable for analyzing and verifying distributed algorithms. implements key functionalities needed for safety verification and provides flexible interfaces that make it useful not only as a verification tool but also as a research platform for developing verification techniques, and in particular invariant inference algorithms. Moreover, the input language is both simple and general, and the repository includes several dozen benchmarks—transition systems that model a wide range of distributed and concurrent algorithms. has supported several recent research efforts that benefited from its development framework and benchmark set.
How do climate policy uncertainty and renewable energy and clean technology stock prices co-move? evidence from Canada
Authors: Athari Seyed Alireza , Kirikkaleli Dervis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work probes the dynamic co-movement between the Climate Policy Uncertainty Index (CPU) and the Renewable Energy and Clean Technology Index (RECT) employing the novel wavelet power spectrum (WPS) and wavelet coherence (WC) approaches for monthly data between 2013 and 2022. Using the wavelet approach enables us to observe the causality direction from both time and frequency dimensions and also to help detect the causal linkage in the short-medium and long-term horizons. This is the first study aiming to perform this relationship from both time and frequency dimensions. Remarkably, findings reveal that: i) CPU seems only volatile in 2019 and 2021 in the short run; (ii) there was significant volatility in the RECT in the short and long terms (SLT) between 2018 and 2022; (iii) RECT significantly caused the CPU between 2014 and 2018; iv) after 2019, CPU started to cause RECT in the short and medium terms (SMT).
A candidate reference measurement procedure for quantification of glycocholic acid in human serum based on isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Pingping , Wang Huimin , Liang Man , Wang Zhifang , Liu Chunlong , Han Yanlin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate measurement of serum glycocholic acid (GCA) is crucial for evaluating the activity of chronic hepatitis. Moreover, GCA is a novel identified biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Although some laboratories have used the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method to measure GCA in recent years, the problem of potential interference of GCA analogues has not been solved well yet. Neither reference measurement procedures nor reference materials for GCA have been listed in the Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (JCTLM) database. For standardization of GCA, it is urgent to establish a candidate measurement procedure for GCA. In this study, a candidate reference measurement procedure for the quantification of GCA in human serum based on isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC–MS/MS) by a two-step sample pretreatment of protein precipitation and MAX solid-phase extraction was developed and validated. GCA can be completely separated from its structural analogues with gradient elution in 9 min compared with short time gradients published in previous literature by Huang’s group. Method validation indicated perfect quantitation precision with intra-day and inter-day values that were ≤1.30% and ≤1.80%, respectively. The method showed excellent linearity with high regression coefficients (R2 > 0.999) over a range of 0.92 ng/g–38.38 μg/g and perfect recoveries at three spiked levels (99.87–100.43%). No interference, matrix effect, and carryover were observed. Moreover, the cRMP was successfully applied to measure GCA in serum samples and compared with two immunoassays in a clinical laboratory. As a candidate reference method, this method can promote a GCA standardization program.
Graphical Abstract
Machine learning based tomographic image reconstruction technique to detect hollows in wood
Authors: Yıldızcan Ecem Nur , Arı Mehmet Erdi , Tunga Burcu , Gelir Ali , Kurul Fatih , As Nusret , Dündar Türker 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA new technique based on machine learning algorithms was introduced to detect internal wood defects. This technique relies on analyzing segmented propagation rays of stress waves and successfully generates the tomographic images of the defects by using the stress wave velocity. Utilizing a dual-stage methodology, the initial phase involves ray segmentation for the precise delineation of stress wave propagation, while the subsequent stage integrates advanced classification and clustering algorithms to facilitate the generation of tomographic images. This approach effectively tackles the inherent challenges associated with accurate segmentation and classification of stress wave velocity rays. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated using both synthetic and experimental data. The results showed that the proposed method, when compared with some state-of-the-art methods, has a superior ability to accurately detect defective regions in the wood. The success of the proposed method is evaluated with four different evaluation metrics. It determined that over 90% success is achieved for all metrics. In comparison with related studies, it determined that the results are improved by 7–22% compared to the literature.
Beyond the Bloom: Unraveling the Diversity, Overlap, and Stability of Free-Living and Particle-Attached Bacterial Communities in a Cyanobacteria-Dominated Hypereutrophic Lake
Authors: Xie Guijuan , Sun Chuanbo , Gong Yi , Luo Wenlei , Tang Xiangming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn aquatic ecosystems with low nutrient levels, organic aggregates (OAs) act as nutrient hotspots, hosting a diverse range of microbial species compared to those in the water column. Lake eutrophication, marked by intensified and prolonged cyanobacterial blooms, significantly impacts material and energy cycling processes, potentially altering the ecological traits of both free-living (FL) and particle-attached (PA) bacteria. However, the extent to which observed patterns of FL and PA bacterial diversity, community assembly, and stability extend to hypereutrophic lakes remains understudied. To address this gap, we investigated bacterial diversity, composition, assembly processes, and stability within hypereutrophic Lake Xingyun. Our results revealed that FL bacterial communities exhibited higher α-diversity than PA counterparts, coupled with discernible taxonomic compositions. Both bacterial communities showed distinct seasonality, influenced by cyanobacterial bloom intensity. Environmental factors accounted for 71.1% and 54.2% of the variation among FL and PA bacteria, respectively. The assembly of the PA bacterial community was predominantly stochastic, while FL assembly was more deterministic. The FL network demonstrated greater stability, complexity, and negative interactions, indicative of competitive relationships, while the PA network showed a prevalence of positive correlations, suggesting mutualistic interactions. Importantly, these findings differ from observations in oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic lakes. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the interplay among bacterial fractions, enhancing our understanding of nutrient status and cyanobacterial blooms in shaping bacterial communities.
Host Species and Environment Shape the Skin Microbiota of Mexican Axolotls
Authors: Soto-Cortés Enrique , Marroquín-Rodríguez Montserrat , Basanta Maria Delia , Maldonado-López Yurixhi , Parra-Olea Gabriela , Rebollar Eria A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSkin microbiomes in amphibians are complex systems that can be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. In this study, we examined the effect of host species and environmental conditions on the skin bacterial and fungal microbiota of four obligate paedomorphic salamander species, commonly known as axolotls (Ambystoma andersoni, A. dumerilii, A. mexicanum, and A. taylori), all of them endemic to the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. We found that despite their permanent aquatic lifestyle, these species present a host-specific skin microbiota that is distinct from aquatic communities. We identified skin-associated taxa that were unique to each host species and that differentiated axolotl species based on alpha and beta diversity metrics. Moreover, we identified a set of microbial taxa that were shared across hosts with high relative abundances across skin samples. Specifically, bacterial communities were dominated by Burkholderiales and Pseudomonadales bacterial orders and Capnodiales and Pleosporales fungal orders. Host species and environmental variables collectively explained more microbial composition variation in bacteria (R2 = 0.46) in comparison to fungi (R2 = 0.2). Our results contribute to a better understanding of the factors shaping the diversity and composition of skin microbial communities in Ambystoma. Additional studies are needed to disentangle the effects of specific host associated and environmental factors that could influence the skin microbiome of these endangered species.
The clinical efficacy of a daratumumab-based regimen in relapsed/refractory acute leukemia: a single-center experience
Authors: Dai Yi , Luo Lin , Wei Zhenbin , Cheng Peng , Luo Jun , Li Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRelapsed/refractory acute leukemia (R/R-AL) is associated with a low remission rate, short survival rate, and poor prognosis. Treating R/R-AL remains challenging as there is no standardized effective regimen; hence, there is a need for efficient therapies. CD38 expression has been observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Daratumumab is a humanized anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody used to treat multiple myeloma and has been reported to treat R/R-AL safely and effectively. The clinical data of 10 adult patients with R/R-AL who were treated with a daratumumab-based salvage regimen between July 2018 and May 2023 at our center were analyzed retrospectively. Seven AML and three ALL cases were included in the analysis. Seven (70%) patients showed responses to the treatments (complete response [CR], 60%; partial response [PR], 10%). Of the seven responders, three underwent allogenic stem cell transplantation (ASCT), including one who underwent a second ASCT. Among the five patients with R/R AML who had prior exposure to venetoclax, three achieved a therapeutic response (two CR and one PR) when re-treated with venetoclax in combination with daratumumab. The median follow-up time was 6.15 months (0.9–21 months). Overall survival and event-free survival rates at 12 months were 68.6% and 40.0%, respectively. The main adverse events included grade 3 febrile neutropenia (20%) and grade 3 hematological toxicities (60%). The daratumumab-based salvage regimen offers patients with R/R-AL the opportunity of remission with acceptable tolerability, creating the possibility of bridging ASCT.