bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of porous ZnO nanostructures using bamboo fibers as templates
Authors: Lian Xiaoxue , Li Yan , An Dongmin , Zou Yunling , Wang Qiong , Zhang Nan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this study, we fabricated ZnO nanostructures using bamboo fibers as templates. The starting material used was zinc acetate, and the nanostructures were synthesized by soaking and calcining the bamboo fibers. The fabricated nanostructures were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The results showed that the size of the ZnO nanoparticles was approximately 20–100 nm. When the ZnO nanoparticles were used as the catalyst in the photodegradation of methyl orange, the dye degraded by 95.98 % in 80 min. The response and recovery times of a gas sensor based on the ZnO nanoparticles were 25 and 24 s, respectively, during the detection of C2H5OH in a concentration of 10 ppm at 270 °C.
Audiological and clinical management of children with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum
Authors: Brotto Davide , Ghiselli Sara , Castiglione Alessandro , Manara Renzo , Martini Alessandro 
Published: October 2014

Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum is a rare, heterogeneous congenital condition, of unknown aetiology, mainly involving the ear (microtia) and jaw (hemifacial microsomia). In addition to those structures originating from the first and second pharyngeal arches, multiple systems can be affected.
ENT specialists and audiologists may focus their attention on the microtia and its effect on the hearing capacity of the child, but it may be only a sign of a more complex spectrum of abnormalities. A complete study of auditory function is crucial, but not exclusively. Proper management would consider the neuroradiological study not only of the whole hearing organ, but also of the cranial nerves, soft tissues and craniofacial structures. A geneticist should investigate the family history in order to identify a specific pattern of inheritance. A maxillofacial surgeon and orthodontic assessment may be appropriate when patients present with hemifacial microsomia; an ophthalmological evaluation should be considered when ocular impairment is evident or suspected.
A total body examination is crucial to disclose abnormalities involving other organs or systems. If further malformations are suspected, then additional radiological investigation and a specialist examination may be warranted.
La planète laitière : quelques aspects de la production dans le monde (The dairy planet : somme aspects of the production in the world)
Authors: Calvez Eugene 
Published: October 2014

Après avoir présenté une approche de la production laitière en France où l 'Ouest est prépondérant, nous mettrons en avant un bon exemple de modèle laitier intensif (Danemark). Ensuite, nous évoquerons la Pologne où l'économie laitière s'éveille à la modernité ; ce dernier pays pourrait devenir à terme une véritable puissance. Puis, nous mettrons en lumière les Etats-Unis où l'importance du Dairy-belt s'estompe au profit d'énormes fermes laitières, localisées dans l'Ouest, cette fois-ci.
Enfin, la Nouvelle-Zélande présente un modèle laitier extensif économe et envié, totalement opposé au modèle de l'hémisphère nord. Ce que les pays de l'hémisphère septentrional demandent à un cheptel de plus en plus restreint mais très productif, ce pays des antipodes le réclame à un nombre élevé de vaches exprimant simplement un bon potentiel génétique.
Role of Fractalkine in the Pathogenesis of Primary Sjögren Syndrome: Increased Serum Levels of Fractalkine, Its Expression in Labial Salivary Glands, and the Association with Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Lee Jae Ho , Kwok Seung-Ki , Jung Seung Min , Lee Jennifer , Lee Jae-Seon , Baek Seung Ye , Kim Eun-Kyung , Ju Ji Hyeon , Park Sung-Hwan , Kim Ho-Youn 
Published: October 2014

Objective.To investigate the expression of fractalkine and identify the clinical effects of fractalkine and its receptor (CX3CR1) in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).Methods.Serum fractalkine levels were determined by ELISA. Immunohistochemical staining was done to compare the expression of fractalkine and CX3CR1 between salivary glands (SG) of patients with SS and controls. The cells to be merged with fractalkine were evaluated by confocal microscopy. Type of CX3CR1-expressing cells among infiltrating lymphocytes in SG was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Further, associations among fractalkine, proinflammatory cytokines, and clinical profiles were investigated.Results.Serum fractalkine levels in patients with pSS were higher than those in the control group (p = 0.026). SG expression of fractalkine and its receptor was upregulated in patients with pSS compared to that in the controls by immunohistochemistry. Higher histological grade was associated with more fractalkine-positive cells per total epithelial cells. Epithelial cells were the main fractalkine-expressing cell type in the SG. Serum fractalkine levels were significantly correlated with proinflammatory cytokines levels (interleukin 17: r = 0.685, p = 0.029; tumor necrosis factor-α: r = 0.444, p = 0.003), antinuclear antibody (r = 0.349, p = 0.022), and immunoglobulin G levels (r = 0.325, p = 0.044). Serum fractalkine levels in patients with extraglandular manifestations of pSS were significantly higher than in those without extraglandular manifestations (p = 0.026).Conclusion.Fractalkine and CX3CR1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of pSS, including extraglandular manifestations.
High Adiposity and Serum Leptin Accompanied by Altered Bone Turnover Markers in Severe Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Markula-Patjas Kati P. , Ivaska Kaisa K. , Pekkinen Minna , Andersson Sture , Moilanen Eeva , Viljakainen Heli T. , Mäkitie Outi 
Published: October 2014

Objective.To evaluate interactions between skeleton and adipose tissue, and association of adipokines and bone turnover markers with disease-related factors in patients with severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods.Forty-nine patients (median age 14.8 yrs, median disease duration 10.2 yrs) with refractory polyarticular JIA and 89 sex-matched and age-matched healthy controls participated in the study. Study subjects underwent clinical examination, body composition assessment with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and analyses for leptin, adiponectin, and bone turnover markers.Results.Patients with JIA were shorter and more often overweight (p = 0.001) or obese (p < 0.001) than controls. They had significantly higher serum leptin, even when adjusted for fat mass (p < 0.001), than did controls. Adiponectin did not differ between the groups. Concentration of carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen was higher (p = 0.006) in patients. The inverse association between leptin and bone turnover markers disappeared in controls but was strengthened in patients when adjusted for fat mass. Leptin, adiponectin, or bone markers did not associate with variables of disease activity.Conclusion.Patients with severe JIA had high adiposity accompanied by increased bone resorption. Their serum leptin was higher, even independently of fat mass. Leptin tended to associate inversely with bone turnover markers but did not associate with variables of disease activity.
Immunoglobulin G Subclass Analysis in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Haddad Amir , Thavaneswaran Arane , Abji Fatima , Pellett Fawnda , Chandran Vinod , Wither Joan E. , Gladman Dafna D. 
Published: October 2014

Objective.The occurrence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is common in chronic immune mediated disorders. This increased monoclonal antibody production could result from chronic stimulation of lymphocytes, with the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subtype accounting for the majority of cases in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We aimed to identify IgG subclass profiles in patients with PsA and to determine association with specific disease characteristics.Methods.Serum samples from 221 patients with PsA from a single cohort were analyzed for their serum IgG subclass levels. All patients fulfilled the ClASsification for Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) criteria and were followed at 6-month to 12-month intervals according to a standard protocol. MGUS was defined as the occurrence of a discrete band in the gammaglobulin region on at least 2 separate serum protein electrophoresis tests performed 6 months apart. Patients with high abnormal IgG subclass levels were compared to patients with normal levels using descriptive tests.Results.Elevations of IgG1-4 were common in PsA, with ∼20%–49% of patients having elevations of each subclass, IgG2 being the most common subclass abnormality. However, no clinical-serological correlation was found in the group with abnormal IgG2 levels. Of the 38 patients with MGUS, elevations in IgG1 were most common. Patients with an abnormal IgG1 subclass level were more likely to have a discrete band in the gammaglobulin region, higher prevalence of MGUS, and abnormal erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein levels.Conclusion.Determination of the IgG subclass concentration in PsA did not seem to add any significant value in identifying specific disease manifestations. However, this study provides insight into the pathological process leading to MGUS in PsA.
Hospitalized Infections in Giant Cell Arteritis — A Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Udayakumar Prabhu D. , Chandran Arun K. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Warrington Kenneth J. , Matteson Eric L. 
Published: October 2014

Objective.To assess the occurrence of infections requiring or acquired during hospitalization in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods.We retrospectively reviewed a population-based incidence cohort of patients with GCA diagnosed between 1950 and 2009 and compared this cohort with a non-GCA one matched for age, sex, and calendar year from the same population.Results.We identified 245 patients in the GCA cohort and 245 patients in the non-GCA cohort. Seventy-four GCA subjects (134 episodes) and 79 non-GCA (153 episodes) had infections requiring or acquired during hospitalization [rate ratio (RR) 0.94; 95% CI 0.74, 1.18]. Sixty-seven subjects (107 episodes) in the GCA cohort and 63 subjects (110 episodes) in non-GCA cohort required hospitalization secondary to an infection (RR 1.04; CI 0.80, 1.36). Pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTI), skin and soft tissue infections accounted for the majority of infections requiring hospitalization and had similar occurrence in both cohorts. UTI accounted for the majority of infections requiring hospitalization in the first 6 months after GCA incidence (RR 3.93; CI 0.85, 56.52). No difference between the 2 cohorts was noted in overall infections acquired during hospitalization (RR 0.68; CI 0.41, 1.08).Conclusion.There is no overall increased risk of infections requiring or acquired during hospitalization in patients with GCA who are taking glucocorticoid therapy. There may be an increased risk of infections requiring hospitalization, especially of the urinary tract, in the first 6 months after GCA incidence, although this did not achieve statistical significance in our study.
Problems in Work Participation and Resource Use Should Not Be Underestimated in Patients with Early Spondyloarthritis
Authors: van der Weijden Maria A.C. , Boonen Annelies , van der Horst-Bruinsma Irene E. 
Published: October 2014

Objective.To explore the effect of early spondyloarthritis (SpA) on worker participation and to investigate variables associated with work outcomes as well as the effect on resource use.Methods.Patients included in an early SpA cohort completed a questionnaire comprising items on employment status, sick leave, presenteeism, and resource use. Logistic regressions were used to investigate the associations between work status and clinical characteristics, and linear regressions were used to investigate the association between at-work productivity loss and clinical characteristics. Resource use across patient groups with different employment status was investigated with linear regression analyses.Results.One hundred forty patients participated in our study. Of the patients, 69% were male, the mean age was 41 years, and the disease duration was 4.8 years. Twenty-six patients (19%) were not employed because of SpA. Among 114 employed patients, sick leave was reported in 28% in the previous year. Forty-one percent of the patients reported reduced productivity at work. Multivariable regression analyses showed that high Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index and Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life score were associated with not being employed and with reduced productivity at work. Annual costs of productivity loss attributable to sick leave and presenteeism amounted to €2000 per patient. Patients who reported sick leave show a higher (health-related) resource use.Conclusion.After only 5 years of diagnosis, a considerable proportion of patients with SpA is not employed, and those working have substantial sick leave and productivity loss. Among patients reporting sick leave, resource use is higher. Alertness to work participation even in patients with a short disease duration is urgently needed.
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sacroiliac Joint Structural Score
Authors: Maksymowych Walter P. , Wichuk Stephanie , Chiowchanwisawakit Praveena , Lambert Robert G. , Pedersen Susanne J. 
Published: October 2014

Objective.There is an unmet need for reliable assessment of structural progression in the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA), but radiography is unreliable and lacks responsiveness. We aimed to develop and validate a new scoring method for structural lesions based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) SIJ Structural Score (SSS).Methods.The SSS method for assessment of structural lesions is based on T1-weighted spin echo MRI, validated lesion definitions, slice selection according to well-defined anatomical principles, and dichotomous scoring (lesion present/absent) of 5 consecutive slices through the cartilaginous portion of the joint. Scoring ranges are fat metaplasia (0–40), erosion (0–40), backfill (0–20), and ankylosis (0–20). We progressively conducted 3 validation exercises with 2–4 readers on baseline, and either 2-year (exercises 1 and 2) or 1-year (exercise 3) scans from 147 patients with SpA assessed blinded to timepoint. Interobserver reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and smallest detectable change (SDC).Results.Interobserver reliability for status score was good to excellent for ankylosis (ICC 0.79–0.98), consistently good for fat metaplasia (ICC 0.71–0.78), moderate to good for erosion (ICC 0.58–0.62), and fair to good for backfill (ICC 0.35–0.66). Reliability for change scores was moderate to good for all structural lesions despite the relatively small changes in scores, and was highest for fat metaplasia when both ICC and SDC values were compared.Conclusion.The new SPARCC MRI SSS method can detect structural changes in the SIJ with acceptable reliability over a 1–2-year timeframe, and should be further validated in patients with SpA.
La situation anthropologique fondamentale de l'adolescence
Authors: Gutton Philippe 
Published: October 2014

Après une ouverture générale pour le colloque du 5 octobre 2012 au Collège de France, l’auteur propose le concept de situation anthropologique fondamentale de l’adolescence. Deux formants processuels de sa création : le pubertaire et l’infantile. Les processus d’adultité sont la répétition, remémoration et élaboration de la névrose infantile. Au plan anthropologique, ils représentent l’ordre institué. La situation est examinée sous l’angle de la rencontre critique et peut-être constructive et instituante entre le pubertaire en cours de sublimation et l’adultité.
Dépoldériser en Europe occidentale De-polderizing in Western Europe
Authors: Goeldner-Gianella Lydie 
Published: October 2014

Un étonnant mouvement de rétrocession des polders à la mer, appelé « dépoldérisation », a vu le jour en Europe occidentale il y a 25 ans. Malgré une ampleur encore limitée, ce mouvement, qui intervient après la constitution de 15 000 km 2 de polders depuis le XI e siècle, soulève des questions fondamentales sur les plans écologique, économique, paysager et défensif. Cet article constitue une réflexion sur l’ensemble des enjeux en présence, les acteurs impliqués dans cette politique controversée et les réactions sociales suscitées. Il s’achève par une classification distinguant, par leurs objectifs, leurs acteurs et leur localisation, quatre types majeurs de dépoldérisation.
Espace acteur et « drame paysager » : le cinéma de Michelangelo Antonioni
Authors: Di Méo Guy 
Published: October 2014

Inspiré à ses débuts par le néoréalisme italien, le cinéma de M. Antonioni s’est imposé comme celui des sentiments humains, de la névrose, de la communication difficile entre les êtres, particulièrement dans leurs relations de couple. Pour autant, loin d’emprunter une démarche psychologique bavarde, ou symbolique abstraite, les films d’Antonioni se caractérisent par l’effacement des dialogues, de la parole et de la musique, au profit d’une large utilisation des espaces : paysages géographiques (surtout urbains), dispositifs d’objets, effets de distance et de proximité, de perspective, etc. Sa technique consiste à fusionner, dans une même substance spatiale, paysages, objets et personnages (notamment au travers des spatialités de leur corps), conférant aux uns et aux autres une même valeur sensible de signe. Il procède aussi par de longs plans séquences au cours desquels les acteurs s’effacent devant un contexte spatial qui concentre alors toute la tension d’épilogues inaboutis. En somme, M. Antonioni est parvenu à traduire l’indicible des rapports humains par le recours à l’espace et aux spatialités, créant ainsi un langage cinématographique original.
Espace et société dans le cinéma des Zombies
Authors: Pinto Alfonso 
Published: October 2014

Originaire de la culture vaudou , le Zombie devient à partir de la fin des années soixante un mythe occidental. Le mérite en revient à G.A. Romero qui réinvente un monstre en lui attribuant de fortes connotations socio-politiques et pour lequel l’espace est un élément fondamental. Le Zombie est avant tout une créature urbaine, et s’inscrit au sein des formes ambivalentes de l’urbanisation américaine. Il occupe à la fois les downtowns ainsi que le périurbain. Le corpus choisi, démontre une grande sensibilité dans le traitement de l’espace qui est toujours profondément nuancé (Romero se concentre sur les villes nord-américaines, Boyle sur l’Europe). L’espace des Zombies se caractérise aussi par deux éléments : la ségrégation et la fragmentation. Si les morts-vivants sont une masse homogène qui occupe la surface du territoire, les hommes au contraire perdent leur contrôle de l’espace : ils sont ségrégués dans leurs abris, mais surtout ils sont divisés et en conflit permanent entre eux. Urbaphobie, gated communities , fragmentation, ghettoïsation, disparition de l’espace public, conflits de différentes natures sont tous des éléments récurrents dans le corpus. On peut donc affirmer que les problématiques socio-spatiales sont une clé de lecture fondamentale pour le cinéma des Zombies.
Le flâneur de la High Line de New York : un opérateur sans caméra et une vue urbaine sans film
Authors: Paci Viva , Bonnard Martin 
Published: October 2014

Cet article propose une analyse du parc urbain de la High Line à New York par l’étude de la forme de regard sur la ville que cette structure offre à son visiteur. Pour ce faire, nous rapprochons, dans une démarche d’archéologie intermédiale, trois postures spectatorielles : celle du flâneur (allant de Baudelaire, à Benjamin, à Simmel et à Kracauer), celle de l’opérateur du cinéma des premiers temps et, bien sûr, celle induite par le cheminement sur la High Line. Le point de vue, du haut de la Ligne, comporte en effet des caractéristiques proches de celles inhérentes aux postures anciennes précitées. Le « spectateur » de la High Line est invité, entre curiosité et détachement, à contempler la ville : ses paysages imbibés de cinéma, son rythme frénétique, ses attractions visuelles séduisantes. Laissant errer son regard dans un long travelling horizontal en plongé, ponctué de pauses contemplatives, le promeneur du XXI e siècle découvre la ville par l’entremise d’un regard similaire à celui qui caractérise le flâneur du XIX e siècle.
Les pratiques musicales « populaires » contemporaines, une activité juvénile sous influence parentale et scolaire
Authors: Deslyper Rémi 
Published: October 2014

Cet article revient sur l’indépendance vis-à-vis des parents et de l’école de musique régulièrement prêtée aux jeunes instrumentistes de musiques « populaires » contemporaines. Après avoir analysé, dans une première partie, le rôle des parents dans les débuts de l’activité musicale des instrumentistes, il montre, dans une seconde partie, que le recours massif à l’apprentissage autodidacte n’exclut pas pour autant toute forme de domination de l’école de musique.
Cultures juvéniles et loisirs sportifs de rue : une approche par l'espace public
Authors: Gibout Christophe , Lebreton Florian 
Published: October 2014

Motivé par les questions de la participation des jeunes dans l’espace public, l’objectif de cet article est, partant d’une relecture de travaux actuels ou récents, d’interroger les usages récréatifs et les pratiques ludosportives de la rue sous l’angle des cultures juvéniles, des sociabilités informelles, de la situation délibérative et de l’urbanité ludique. Comment est appréhendé pratiquement l’espace public par ces jeunes urbains ? Quelles représentations particulières interviennent dans la construction de pratiques délibératives ? Quels savoirs construits au sein des communautés pratiquantes jouent un rôle dans la fabrique des espaces publics de l’urbanité ludique ? Enfin, que nous apprend aujourd’hui la compréhension sociologique de ces cultures sportives juvéniles et parfois alternatives ?
Sujet, objet, pensée personnelle : l'Anonyme de Giele contre Thomas d'Aquin
Authors: Brenet Jean-Baptiste 
Published: October 2014

Les Questions sur l’âme publiées par Maurice Giele en 1971 contiennent une thèse fameuse, exemplaire d’un « averroïsme » radical qui répond à Thomas d’Aquin : « Au sens propre, l’homme ne pense pas ». On examine ici comment son auteur, un anonyme parisien contemporain de Siger de Brabant, l’élabore et quelle en est, dans une opposition paradoxale à l’Aquinate, la véritable portée conceptuelle.
Et quoniam est quis tertius homo . Argument, exégèse, contresens dans la littérature latine apparentée aux Sophistici elenchi d'Aristote
Authors: Gazziero Leone 
Published: October 2014

Les commentateurs latins ont rencontré pour la première fois le « Troisième homme » d’Aristote dans le chapitre vingt-deux des Sophistici elenchi . Cette rencontre illustre bien à la fois leur respect de la lettre et la radicalité de certaines de leurs innovations. Influencée par la traduction de Boèce, leur exégèse de l’argument a tenu compte de l’ensemble des indications du texte tout en lui conférant une tournure inédite.