bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rabeprazole 10 mg q.d.s. decreases 24‐h intragastric acidity significantly more than rabeprazole 20 mg b.d. or 40 mg o.m., overcoming CYP2C19 genotype
Authors: Sugimoto M. , Shirai N. , Nishino M. , Kodaira C. , Uotani T. , Yamade M. , Sahara S. , Ichikawa H. , Sugimoto K. , Miyajima H. , Furuta T. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryBackgroundStandard dosing (i.e. once daily) of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) cannot inhibit acid secretion for a full 24 h. Better therapeutic regimens using PPIs are required to sustain potent acid inhibition for the full 24 h in all patients with acid‐related diseases.AimTo evaluate acid inhibitory effects by different dosing times of a PPI at the same daily dosage, in a study involving 70 rounds of pH monitoring.MethodsUsing pH monitoring, we evaluated the efficacy of different divided treatment regimens with the same total daily dose of rabeprazole (40 mg o.m., 15 rounds; 20 mg b.d., 20 rounds; 10 mg q.d.s., 35 rounds) on day 7 or 8 of PPI dosing.ResultsIn the study of divided treatment, the median pH (when administered once, twice or four times to achieve a daily dose of 40 mg) was 4.8 (3.6–6.4), 5.7 (4.1–7.4), 6.6 (4.9–8.4), respectively. When comparing the median pHs at the same CYP2C19 genotype among different dosing times of rabeprazole, the median pH attained with 10 mg q.d.s. was significantly higher than that in 40 mg o.m. or 20 mg b.d. Increase in the frequency of dosing effectively increased pH [median percent time of pH > 4.0 with q.d.s. therapy: 95.5% (63.2–100.0%)], irrespective to CYP2C19 genotype.ConclusionFour times daily dosing with rabeprazole 10 mg achieved potent acid inhibition, including during the night‐time, suggesting its potential usefulness as a regimen for patients who are refractory to standard once daily PPI treatment.
A pilot study to measure marks in children with cerebral palsy using a novel measurement template
Authors: Bennett T. , Jellinek D. , Bennett M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimThe primary aim of this pilot study was to trial a method of assessing bruises in a population of disabled children. If the method was found to be sufficiently robust it would be our intention to undertaking a more extensive observational study.BackgroundLess is known about normal bruising patterns in children with disability than in those without. It is important that the method used to assess bruising is objective and repeatable. In an effort to define and improve repeatability, we employed a novel bruise measurement template which was printed onto transparent acetate sheets.MethodTwenty primary school age children, the majority of whom were non‐ambulant and severely disabled with cerebral palsy, underwent full skin examination. The template was used to assess any bruises seen. A comparison was then made between measurements made by experienced paediatricians using the template and using a standard tape measure on a series of bruise images in 25 photographs.ResultsThe majority of children in our pilot were found to have bruises, with one child having 6 and one 7 bruises. This comparative study showed that the two techniques had a very similar precision and that the template was easy to use. Greater precision would require a tighter measurement protocol, whether with a template or a tape measure.ConclusionsFurther evaluation of the application of such a template would be worthwhile. We would suggest that our finding of some bruising in this population of disabled children is borne in mind whenever bruising is found in a non‐ambulant child.
Characterization of blood donors with high haemoglobin concentration
Authors: Magnussen K. , Hasselbalch H. C. , Ullum H. , Bjerrum O. W. 
Published: August 2012

Background and Objectives  The literature contains little on the prevalence and causes of high predonation haemoglobin levels among blood donors. This study aimed to characterize and develop an algorithm to manage would‐be donors with polycythaemia.Materials and Methods  Between November 2009 and November 2011, we offered haematology consultations to blood donors with repeated haemoglobin concentration (Hb) above the WHO limit for polycythaemia vera (PV) (10·2 and 11·5 mm/16·5 and 18·5 g/dl for women and men, respectively). Investigation of such donors included Hb, haematocrit, mean cell volume, erythropoietin, ferritin, platelet count and leucocyte count, JAK2 V617 and JAK2 exon12 analysis, as well as other routine measurements.Results  Among 46 such donors, 39 had a history of smoking, which contributes to erythrocytosis. Two had PV, five had severe hypertension, one of them because of renal artery stenosis, and two had diabetes mellitus. Thus, we found a high morbidity among such donors. Of the 36 others, 30 donated again before May 2012, at which time the Hb was significantly lower.Conclusion  We recommend JAK2 V617 and JAK2 exon12 screening and clinical investigation for donors with concurrently high Hb, high haematocrit and iron deficiency. We also recommend that they stop or cut down on smoking to reduce the risk of thrombosis in general. We disqualified 10 of the donors.
Effect of wheat processing on rumen characteristics and rumen parameters in Holstein‐Friesian calves
Authors: Mirghaffari S. S. , Karkoodi K. , Mirza‐aghazadeh A. , Maheri‐sis N. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryIn this experiment, effect of wheat processing on rumen conditions and development were investigated. Fifty‐six neonatal Holstein‐Friesian calves (22 male and 34 female) were fed calf starters and post‐weaning diets containing 35 (pre‐weaning) and 21.90% (post‐weaning) popped wheat (PW), steam‐flaked wheat (SFW), dry‐rolled wheat (DRW) or ground wheat (GW) till 12 weeks of age. Calves were weaned at the end of 9th week, and a post‐weaning‐specific starter diets were fed for 1 month. Rumen liquor was analysed in days 30, 60 and 90 of the experiment to determine volatile fatty acids (VFA), pH and ammonia nitrogen concentrations. Twelve male calves (three calves/treatment) were slaughtered, and digestive tract was emptied. Forestomach empty weight and rumen parameters were assessed. Results indicated that calves received PW had the highest total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, ammonia nitrogen, rumen wall thickness, papilla width and density. Calves fed DRW experienced the lowest rumen pH throughout the experiment probably because high proportion of fine particles in GW. Calves consuming PW apparently had more functional rumen in comparison with other groups.
Functional trade‐offs increase species diversity in experimental plant communities
Authors: Ben‐Hur Eyal , Fragman‐Sapir Ori , Hadas Rivka , Singer Alon , Kadmon Ronen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFunctional trade‐offs have long been recognised as important mechanisms of species coexistence, but direct experimental evidence for such mechanisms is extremely rare. Here, we test the effect of one classical trade‐off – a negative correlation between seed size and seed number – by establishing microcosm plant communities with positive, negative and no correlation between seed size and seed number and analysing the effect of the seed size/number correlation on species richness. Consistent with theory, a negative correlation between seed size and seed number led to a higher number of species in the communities and a corresponding wider range of seed size (a measure of functional richness) by promoting coexistence of large‐ and small‐seeded species. Our study provides the first direct evidence that a seed size/number trade‐off may contribute to species coexistence, and at a wider context, demonstrates the potential role of functional trade‐offs in maintaining species diversity.
HUMANE PHILOSOPHY AND THE QUESTION OF PROGRESS
Authors: Kidd Ian James 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAccording to some recent critics, philosophy has not progressed over the course of its history because it has not exhibited any substantial increase in the stock of human wisdom. I reject this pessimistic conclusion by arguing that such criticisms employ a conception of progress drawn from the sciences which is inapplicable to a humanistic discipline such as philosophy. Philosophy should not be understood as the accumulation of epistemic goods in a manner analogous to the natural sciences. I argue that the progressiveness of philosophy consists, if anything, in its capacity to provoke and sustain critical reflections upon the ideas and practices which shape and guide human life.
The evaluation of family impact of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa using the Italian version of the Family Dermatology Life Quality Index
Authors: Sampogna F. , Tabolli S. , Di Pietro C. , Castiglia D. , Zambruno G. , Abeni D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground  Severe skin diseases, such as epidermolysis bullosa (EB), may have a strong impact not only on patients but also on caregivers. A specific questionnaire evaluating the family impact of dermatological conditions has been created, the Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI), but it has not yet been translated in Italian and validated.Objective  To evaluate the burden of recessive dystrophic EB on family caregivers, using for the first time the Italian version of the FDLQI, and to validate the instrument.Methods  Patients with recessive dystrophic EB participated in a postal survey enquiring about the burden of EB on family caregivers. They completed the Family Strain Questionnaire and the FDLQI and they marked on a silhouette of the human body the skin lesion distribution.Results  Data on 62 family caregivers were collected. The overall mean FDLQI score was 9.8. The most frequently reported problems were the time spent on looking after the patient, emotional distress, physical well‐being, and increased household expenditure. FDLQI scores were higher in family caregivers of patients between 10 and 20 years. The Italian FDLQI showed high internal consistency, construct and convergent validity. Factor analysis revealed the presence of one factor structure underlying the items of the FDLQI, which explained 51.5% of the total variance, very similar to the original questionnaire (55.8%).Conclusion  The Italian version of the FDLQI seems to be a useful tool to evaluate the impact of EB on family caregivers. Further studies are necessary to test this instrument in other dermatological conditions.
Timing of metamorphism, melting and exhumation of the Leo Pargil dome, northwest India
Authors: LANGILLE J. M. , JESSUP M. J. , COTTLE J. M. , LEDERER G. , AHMAD T. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe Leo Pargil dome, northwest India, is a 30 km‐wide, northeast‐trending structure that is cored by gneiss and mantled by amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks that are intruded by a leucogranite injection complex. Oppositely dipping, normal‐sense shear zones that accommodated orogen‐parallel extension within a convergent orogen bound the dome. The broadly distributed Leo Pargil shear zone defines the southwest flank of the dome and separates the dome from the metasedimentary and sedimentary rocks in the hanging wall to the west and south. Thermobarometry and in‐situ U–Th–Pb monazite geochronology were conducted on metamorphic rocks from within the dome and in the hanging wall. These data were combined with U–Th–Pb monazite geochronology of leucogranites from the injection complex to evaluate the relationship between metamorphism, crustal melting, and the onset of exhumation. Rocks within the dome and in the hanging wall contain garnet, kyanite, and staurolite porphyroblasts that record prograde Barrovian metamorphism during crustal thickening that reached ∼530–630 °C and ∼7–8 kbar, ending by c. 30 Ma. Cordierite and sillimanite overgrowths on Barrovian assemblages within the dome record dominantly top‐down‐to‐the‐west shearing during near‐isothermal decompression of the footwall rocks to ∼4 kbar by 23 Ma during an exhumation rate of 1.3 mm year−1. Monazite growth accompanied Barrovian metamorphism and decompression. The leucogranite injection complex within the dome initiated at 23 Ma and continued to 18 Ma. These data show that orogen‐parallel extension in this part of the Himalaya occurred earlier than previously documented (>16 Ma). Contemporaneous onset of near‐isothermal decompression, top‐down‐to‐the‐west shearing, and injection of the decompression‐driven leucogranite complex suggests that early crustal melting may have created a weakened crust that was proceeded by localization of strain and shear zone development. Exhumation along the shear zone accommodated decompression by 23 Ma in a kinematic setting that favoured orogen‐parallel extension.
Nb–Ta fractionation induced by fluid‐rock interaction in subduction‐zones: constraints from UHP eclogite‐ and vein‐hosted rutile from the Dabie orogen, Central‐Eastern China
Authors: HUANG J. , XIAO Y. , GAO Y. , HOU Z. , WU W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNiobium and Ta concentrations in ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) eclogites and rutile from these eclogites and associated high pressure (HP) veins were used to study the behaviour of Nb–Ta during dehydration and fluid‐rock interaction. Samples were collected through a ∼2 km profile at the Bixiling complex in the Dabie orogenic belt, Central‐Eastern China. All but one eclogite away from veins (EAVs) display nearly constant Nb/Ta ratios ranging from 16.1 to 19.2, with an average of 16.9 ± 0.8 (2 SE), similar to that of their gabbroic protolith from the Yangtze Block. Nb/Ta ratios of rutile from the EAVs range from 12.7 to 25.3 among different individual grains, with the average values close to those of the corresponding bulk rocks. These observations show that Nb and Ta were not significantly fractionated by prograde metamorphism up to eclogite facies when no significant fluid‐rock interaction occurs. In contrast, Nb/Ta ratios of rutile from eclogites close to veins (ECVs) are highly variable from 17.8 to 49.8, which are systematically higher (by up to 17) than those of rutile from the veins. These observations demonstrate that Nb and Ta were mobilized and fractionated during localized fluid flow and intensive fluid‐rock interaction. This is strongly supported by Nb/Ta zoning patterns in single rutile grains revealed by in situ LA‐ICP‐MS analysis. Ratios of Nb/Ta in the ECV‐hosted rutile decrease gradually from cores towards rims, whereas those in the EAV‐hosted rutile are nearly invariable. Furthermore, the vein rutile shows Nb/Ta zoning patterns that are complementary to those in rutile from their immediate hosts (ECVs), suggesting an internal origin for the vein‐forming fluids. The Nb/Ta ratios of such fluids evolved from low values at the early stage of subduction to higher values at later supercritical conditions with increased temperature and pressure. Quantitative modelling was conducted to constrain the compositional evolution of metamorphic fluids during dehydration and fluid‐rock interaction focusing on Nb–Ta distribution. The modelling results based on our proposed multistage fluid phase evolution path can essentially reproduce the natural observations reported in the present study.
Misidentification of maternal heart rate as fetal on cardiotocography during the second stage of labor: the role of the fetal electrocardiograph
Authors: NURANI RAISHA , CHANDRAHARAN EDWIN , LOWE VIRGINIA , UGWUMADU AUSTIN , ARULKUMARAN SABARATNAM 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective: To identify the incidence of fetal heart rate (FHR) accelerations in the second stage of labor and the role of fetal electrocardiograph (ECG) in avoiding misidentification of maternal heart rate (MHR) as FHR. Design: Retrospective observational study. Setting: University hospital labor ward, London, UK. Sample: Cardiotocograph (CTG) tracings of 100 fetuses monitored using external transducers and internal scalp electrodes. Methods: CTG traces that fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected from an electronic FHR monitoring database. Main outcome measures: Rate of accelerations during external and internal monitoring as well as decelerations for a period of 60 minutes prior to delivery were determined. The role of fetal ECG in differentiating between MHR and FHR trace was explored. Results: Decelerations occurred in 89% of CTG traces during the second stage of labor. Accelerations indicating possible recording of FHR or MHR were found in 28.1 and 10.9% of cases recorded by an external ultrasound transducer as well as internal scalp electrode, respectively. Accelerations coinciding with uterine contractions occurred only in 11.7 and 4% of external and internal recording of FHR, respectively. Absence of ‘p‐wave’ of the ECG waveform was associated with MHR trace. Conclusion: Decelerations were the commonest CTG feature during the second stage of labor. The incidence of accelerations coinciding with uterine contractions was less than half in fetuses monitored using a fetal scalp electrode. Analysing the ECG waveform for the absence of ‘p‐wave’ helps in differentiating MHR from FHR.
Association among quality of life, dental caries treatment and intraoral distribution in 12‐year‐old South Brazilian schoolchildren
Authors: Alves Luana Severo , Damé‐Teixeira Nailê , Susin Cristiano , Maltz Marisa 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the association between dental caries treatment, intraoral distribution and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of 12‐year‐old South Brazilian schoolchildren.MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey used a multistage probability sampling strategy to select a representative sample of schoolchildren from Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. Data were collected from September 2009 to December 2010, and 1528 of 1837 eligible schoolchildren attending public and private schools participated. Clinical examination was conducted to assess dental caries experience (DMFT). OHRQoL was assessed by a self‐reported 16‐item Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11–14). Parents/legal guardians answered questions on socio‐economic status. Survey negative binomial regression models were used to assess the association between CPQ11–14 scores and caries treatment status (treated/untreated) and intraoral distribution (anterior/posterior). Estimates were controlled for gender and socio‐economic status.ResultsCompared to schoolchildren without treatment needs, individuals with treated caries presented an improved OHRQoL (overall CPQ11–14, adjusted RR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.85–0.96; functional limitations, adjusted RR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.75–0.99; emotional well‐being, adjusted RR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.80–0.99), whereas those with untreated caries presented a poorer OHRQoL (oral symptoms, adjusted RR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1.02–1.10; emotional well‐being, adjusted RR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.01–1.20). Individuals with caries in anterior teeth experienced greater negative impact on oral symptoms (adjusted RR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.05–1.18) and social well‐being (adjusted RR = 1.30; 95%CI = 1.14–1.47) domains than caries‐free students.ConclusionsTreated caries was positively associated with OHRQoL; untreated caries and caries affecting anterior teeth were negatively associated with OHRQoL of 12‐year‐old Brazilian schoolchildren.
A review of risk factors for oral cavity cancer: the importance of a standardized case definition
Authors: Radoï Loredana , Luce Danièle 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe aim of this work is to review the literature on risk factors of oral cavity cancer with a special attention to the definition of the cases, in order to highlight special features of these cancers and of their subsites. PubMed database was systematically searched to access relevant articles published between 1980 and 2010. Reference lists of selected papers were examined to identify further articles. One hundred and two studies met the inclusion criteria. Their results were difficult to compare because of the lack of uniformity in defining oral cavity. In addition, few studies examined risk factors other than alcohol and tobacco, and studies differentiating between subsites were rare. Despite these limitations, some characteristics of oral cavity cancers may be emphasized: smoked tobacco seems to be a stronger risk factor for oral cavity cancer than alcohol, and the floor of the mouth seems to be more sensitive to the harmful effects of alcohol and smoked tobacco. Studies limited strictly to oral cavity cancers and distinguishing between subsites are needed to better understand the aetiology of these cancers, and better define risk groups to target prevention efforts and screening.
Change in FS‐T index in adults in the German national oral health surveys between 1989 and 2005
Authors: Holtfreter Birte , Berg Marie H. , Kocher Thomas , Schiffner Ulrich , Hoffmann Thomas , Micheelis Wolfgang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo assess changes in the number of functioning teeth (filled and sound teeth, FS‐T index) from 1989/1992 to 2005 in West and East Germany and to evaluate survey‐ and region‐specific associations between sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors and the FS‐T index.MethodsWithin the German Oral Health Studies, random samples from 35–44‐year‐olds were drawn in 1989, 1992, 1997 and 2005. The FS‐T index and a questionnaire with socioeconomic and behavioral items were assessed. Negative binomial regression models were evaluated, including all sociodemographic and behavioral factors simultaneously as independent variables.ResultsFor West Germany, median FS‐T index increased by 3 teeth between 1989 and 2005 (Ptrend < 0.001). In East Germans, FS‐T index was similar in 1992 and 1997 (median, 24), but increased by one tooth until 2005 (Ptrend < 0.001). For West and East Germany, middle and high school education were significantly associated with higher FS‐T indices in all surveys, although effects were most pronounced in 2005. Being married, reporting regular dental visits and good oral hygiene were significantly related to a higher number of functioning teeth in at least one survey year.ConclusionsDental health assessed as the number of functioning teeth improved between 1989/92 and 2005 in both German parts and across all educational levels. However, considering the educational level, dental health was less equally distributed in 2005 compared with previous surveys.
Exposure Assessment of Bacillus cereus in Chinese‐Style Cooked Rice
Authors: Dong Qing‐Li 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study conducted an exposure assessment, the most important component of risk assessment, of Bacillus cereus in Chinese‐style cooked rice in Shanghai, China. A retail‐to‐consumption phase model was considered. Survey data were used to estimate initial contamination levels, and mathematical models from previous research were employed to test the growth kinetics of B. cereus in cooked rice under different conditions before public consumption. The results showed that approximately 3.07% of cooked rice contained more than 4 log cfu/g of B. cereus, suggesting some potential risk for consumers. Moreover, sensitivity analysis indicated that retail temperature (r = −0.15) is the main risk factor that could provide useful information to consumers and stakeholders. Combined with further dose–response relationship research data, the results of this study could be referenced for complete establishment of B. cereus risk assessment.Practical ApplicationsRisk assessment would be very useful to control the hazards of Bacillus cereus in cooked rice more effectively. The application of quantitative exposure assessment of B. cereus in cooked rice, also based on the establishment of predictive growth models, could be referenced to evaluate the risk of B. cereus foodborne diseases associated with the consumption of cooked rice in China.