bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of antimicrobial substances from larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
Authors: Park Soon‐Ik , Chang Byung Soo , Yoe Sung Moon 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMaggots have become highly successful in the treatment of non‐healing wounds and multidrug‐resistant pathogen infections. The main objective of this study was to extract antibacterial substances from larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens. To induce immune responses, we septically injured the larvae with a contaminated needle. Lyophilized H. illucens larvae were homogenized and extracted with acidic methanol. We examined the antifungal and antibacterial effects of the low molecular weight antimicrobial factors within the larval extract on the growth of a broad range of microorganisms, including Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, we isolated the anti‐MRSA substances from the larval extract using high performance liquid chromatography. These investigations revealed that the larval extract possessed a broad‐spectrum of antibacterial activity, demonstrating that secretions of H. illucens larvae prove useful in the fight against MRSA and can potentially be a source of novel antibiotic‐like compounds for infection control.
Changing trends in the proportions of small (≤2 cm) proximal and non‐proximal gastric carcinomas treated at a high‐volume tertiary medical center in China
Authors: Shi Jiong , Sun Qi , Xu Bi Yun , Yu Hui Ping , Zhang Yi Fen , Zou Xiao Ping , Huang Lily , Gold Jason S. , Mashimo Hiroshi , Yu Cheng Gong , Huang Qin 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveGuided by the recently established histological criteria of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), we aimed to investigate and compare trends in the proportions of small (≤2 cm) proximal gastric carcinoma (PGC) vs non‐PGC (NPGC) in Chinese patients over an 8‐year period.MethodsThe study was conducted with consecutive surgical resected specimens of small PGC that was located within 3 cm below the GEJ and NPGC (located at all other gastric regions) treated at a single medical center in China. Differences in proportions between the two groups were compared.ResultsAmong all 313 cases, 111 (35.5%) were classified as PGC and the remaining 202 (64.5%) as NPGC. Patients with PGC were significantly elder than those with NPGC, and none aged younger than 40 years. The proportions of PGC significantly and progressively increased from 16% in 2004 to 45% in 2011, in contrast to a steady decreasing trend for NPGC from 84% to 55% over the same period. The difference in trends between the two groups approached, but was not at a statistically significant level (P = 0.08). Proportions of small cancers in the gastric corpus and in female patients remained low and stable, in contrast to a significantly higher proportion in male patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur data showed a significantly upward‐shifting trend in the proportions of small PGC, primarily in elderly male patients, in contrast to a downward shifting trend in NPGC over the most recent 8‐year period in Chinese patients.
Trading Behavior Prior to Public Release of Analyst Reports: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Choi Bobae , Jung Kooyul , Lee Doowon 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates information leakage from analyst reports prior to their public release. Previous studies document abnormal trading by institutions or short selling before announcement of recommendation changes. Such prerelease abnormal trading is interpreted as evidence of information leakage from analyst reports. However, if sophisticated investors obtain information similar to what analysts have from other sources, abnormal prerelease trading patterns would be observed even if there were no information leakage from analyst reports. This paper, using a unique data set from Korea, aims to determine whether a direct causal link between recommendation changes and prerelease trading exists, by comparing trading behavior of client investors with non‐client investors. We find that abnormal prerelease trading by client investors, especially client institutions, is earlier in timing and greater in magnitude than that of other investor groups, supporting the information leakage hypothesis. We further find that net buying by client institutions and client large individuals is positively associated with firm, analyst, and earnings forecast change variables that influence formulation of recommendation changes and their impacts.
Cucumber volatile blend, a promising female‐biased lure for Bactrocera cucumis (French 1907) (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), a pest fruit fly that does not respond to male attractants
Authors: Royer Jane E , De Faveri Stefano G , Lowe Gail E , Wright Carole L 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBactrocera cucumis (French 1907), the ‘cucumber fruit fly’, is a horticultural pest in Australia that primarily infests cucurbits and has also been recorded from tomatoes, papaw and several other hosts. It does not respond to known male lures, cue‐lure and methyl eugenol, making monitoring and control difficult. A cucumber volatile blend lure was recently developed in Hawaii and found to be an effective female‐biased attractant for the melon fly B. cucurbitae. This lure was field tested in north Queensland, Australia in McPhail traps in comparison with orange ammonia, Cera Trap® and a control, and was found to more consistently trap B. cucumis than the other lures. B. cucumis were caught at 41% of the cucumber volatile lure trap clearances, compared with 27% of the orange ammonia, 18% of the Cera Trap and 16% of the control trap clearances. The cucumber volatile lure was more attractive to B. cucumis in low population densities and also trapped B. cucumis earlier on average than the other lures. Data analysed from the site with highest trap catches (Spring Creek) showed that the cucumber volatile lure caught significantly more B. cucumis than the other traps in four of the 11 trap clearance periods, and for the remaining clearances, no other trap type caught significantly more flies than the cucumber volatile lure. The cucumber volatile lure had a strong female‐biased attraction but it was not significantly more female‐biased than orange ammonia or Cera Trap. Cucumber volatile lure traps were cleaner to service resulting in better quality specimens than the orange ammonia trap or Cera Trap. These findings have potential implications for market access monitoring for determining pest freedom, and for biosecurity monitoring programmes in other countries that wish to detect B. cucumis early.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of optimal initial fraction of oxygen levels in the delivery room at ≤32 weeks
Authors: Saugstad Ola Didrik , Aune Dagfinn , Aguar Marta , Kapadia Vishal , Finer Neil , Vento Maximo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimThe optimal initial fraction of oxygen (iFiO2) for resuscitating/stabilising premature infants is not known. We aimed to study currently available information and provide guidelines regarding the iFiO2 levels needed to resuscitate/stabilise premature infants of ≤32 weeks' gestation.MethodsOur systematic review and meta‐analysis studied the effects of low and high iFiO2 during the resuscitation/stabilisation of 677 newborn babies ≤32 weeks' gestation.ResultsTen randomised studies were identified covering 321 infants receiving low (0.21–0.30) iFiO2 levels and 356 receiving high (0.60–1.0) levels. Relative risk for mortality was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.37–1.04, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.88) for low versus high iFiO2 ; for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, it was 1.11 (95% CI: 0.73–1.68, I2 = 46%, pheterogeneity = 0.06); and for intraventricular haemorrhage, it was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.53–1.53, I2 = 9%, pheterogeneity = 0.36).ConclusionThese data show that reduced mortality approached significance when a low iFiO2 (0.21–0.30) was used for initial stabilisation, compared to a high iFiO2 (0.60–1.0). There was no significant association for bronchopulmonary dysplasia or intraventricular haemorrhage when comparing low and high iFiO2. Based on present data, premature babies ≤32 weeks' gestation in need of stabilisation in the delivery room should be given an iFiO2 of 0.21–0.30.
Triggering of Erythrocyte Cell Membrane Scrambling by Salinomycin
Authors: Bissinger Rosi , Malik Abaid , Jilani Kashif , Lang Florian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSalinomycin, a polyether ionophore antibiotic effective against a variety of pathogens, has been shown to trigger apoptosis of cancer cells and cancer stem cells. The substance is thus considered for the treatment of malignancy. Salinomycin compromises tumour cell survival at least in part by interference with mitochondrial function. Erythrocytes lack mitochondria but may undergo apoptosis‐like suicidal cell death or eryptosis, which is characterized by scrambling of the cell membrane with phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Signalling involved in the triggering of eryptosis includes activation of oxidant‐sensitive Ca2+ permeable cation channels with subsequent increase in cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i). This study explored whether salinomycin stimulates eryptosis. Phosphatidylserine‐exposing erythrocytes were identified by measurement of annexin‐V binding, cell volume was estimated from forward scatter, haemolysis determined from haemoglobin release, [Ca2+]i quantified utilizing Fluo3‐fluorescence and oxidative stress from 2′,7′ dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence in flow cytometry. A 48‐hr exposure to salinomycin (5‐100 nM) was followed by a significant increase in Fluo3‐fluorescence, DCFDA fluorescence and annexin‐V binding, as well as a significant decrease in forward scatter (at 5–10 nM, but not at 50 and 100 nM). The annexin‐V binding after salinomycin treatment was significantly blunted but not abrogated in the nominal absence of extracellular Ca2+ or in the presence of antioxidant n‐acetyl cysteine (1 mM). Salinomycin triggers cell membrane scrambling, an effect at least partially due to oxidative stress and entry of extracellular Ca2+.
Optic nerve head assessment: comparison of Cirrus optic coherence tomography and Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph 3
Authors: Kratz Assaf , Lim Ridia , Goldberg Ivan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between optic nerve head (ONH) parameters measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope.DesignProspective, cross‐sectional study. Hospital setting.ParticipantsOne hundred seventy‐three subjects (85 glaucoma and 88 normal subjects).MethodsOne eye from each individual was selected randomly for ONH imaging by the spectral domain Cirrus OCT and Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph 3 (HRT3).Main Outcome MeasuresFour ONH parameters that are measured by both technologies (average cup‐to‐disc ratio [CDR], rim area, disc area and cup volume) were analysed and compared for differences, agreement of the categorical classification, diagnostic sensitivities and specificities and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).ResultsONH parameters, as determined by the two technologies were significantly different but strongly correlated. Proportional bias was demonstrated for all measurements. The agreement of categorical classification was excellent for CDR (κ = 0.94) and good for rim area and cup volume (κ = 0.63 and 0.71, respectively). The highest sensitivities at fixed specificities were achieved by Cirrus OCT. AUCs for CDR, rim area, disc area and cup volume were not significantly different between the two technologies.ConclusionsThe diagnostic capability of ONH measurements by both technologies is similar. Paired ONH measurements by Cirrus OCT and HRT3 are strongly correlated but significantly different and proportionally biased. The results preclude interchangeable use of the absolute values, but categorical classification of ONH parameters may be interchangeable in clinical practice.
“As Good As It Gets”: Undocumented Latino Day Laborers Negotiating Discrimination in San Francisco and Berkeley, California, USA
Authors: QUESADA JAMES , ARREOLA SONYA , KRAL ALEX , KHOURY SAHAR , ORGANISTA KURT C. , WORBY PAULA 
Published: April 2014

AbstractUndocumented Latino day laborers in the United States are vulnerable to being arrested and expelled at any time. This social fact shapes their everyday lives in terms of actions taken and strategies deployed to mitigate being confronted, profiled, and possibly incarcerated and deported. While perceptions of threat and bouts of discrimination are routine among undocumented Latino day laborers, their specific nature vary according to multiple social factors and structural forces that differ significantly from locale to locale. The experience of discrimination is often tacitly negotiated through perceptions, decisions, and actions toward avoiding or moderating its ill effects. This essay examines urban undocumented Latino day laborers over a variety of sites in the greater San Francisco Bay Area, which, compared to many metropolitan areas in the U.S. is “as good as it gets” in terms of being socially tolerated and relatively safe from persecution. Nonetheless, tacit negotiations are necessary to withstand or overcome challenges presented by idiosyncratic and ever changing global, national/state, and local dynamics of discrimination.
Automobility, Immobility, Altermobility: Surviving and Resisting the Intensification of Immigrant Policing
Authors: STUESSE ANGELA , COLEMAN MATHEW 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn the last five years, immigration enforcement in the United States has changed dramatically. The focus on federal border enforcement and workplace raids of yesteryear has been replaced by an intensification of state and local initiatives that rely on the daily policing of immigrant communities deep within the country's heartlands. Perhaps the most pervasive of these are the 287(g) and Secure Communities programs, which call upon local police and sheriff's offices to act as foot soldiers for the enforcement of federal immigration law. Fortified by the pervasive rollback by states of immigrant access to driver's licenses, these programs convert the mundane act of driving into the activity of highest risk for undocumented individuals. Getting pulled over for a minor traffic violation now typically results in detention and often deportation. Yet most immigrants—as most “Americans”—are compelled to drive on a daily basis in order to work, care for their children, and keep up their households. How do people cope with this reality, where driving is at once requisite and forbidden? Our unfolding research in Atlanta reveals the importance of social networks and new communication technologies, including social media, in immigrants' struggle to maintain a semblance of normalcy amid the intense criminalization of their communities. Through a discussion of the policing of automobility, its resulting immobility, and emerging forms of altermobility, this paper brings into ethnographic relief the recent words of one undocumented activist who declared, “the only secure community is an organized one.” [mobilities, immigration enforcement, undocumented immigrant, Atlanta]
The Border Network for Human Rights: From Community Organizing to Public Policy Action
Authors: HEYMAN JOSIAH 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTheBorderNetwork forHumanRights (BNHR) is a community‐based organization in theUnitedStates‐Mexico borderlands, focused on human rights in the domain of immigration law enforcement and comprehensive immigration reform.BNHRhas three important features. First, it focuses on theU.S.‐Mexico border region, the region of most intensiveU.S.immigration enforcement. Second, theBNHRuses a base community organizing strategy, as opposed to external activist or service provider strategies. Third, theBNHRhas brought the voices and perspectives of border and immigrant community members to the public policy process. In these ways, theBNHRis reformulating political agency in the borderlands and theU.S.[U.S.‐Mexico border, immigration, community organizing, human rights, public policy]
Soft tissue augmentation of ridge defects in the maxillary anterior area using two different methods: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Akcalı A. , Schneider D. , Ünlü F. , Bıcakcı N. , Köse T. , Hämmerle C. H. F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo test whether or not vascularized interpositional periosteal‐connective tissue grafts are as successful as free subepithelial connective tissue grafts in augmenting volume defects in the anterior maxilla.Material and methodsTwenty subjects with Seibert class 1 ridge defects in the anterior maxilla were randomly, equally assigned to augmentation by vascularized interpositional periosteal‐connective tissue graft (test) or free subepithelial connective tissue graft (control). Clinical periodontal parameters at teeth adjacent to the gap were recorded, and conventional impressions were taken prior to surgery (baseline = t0) and 1 (t1), 3 (t3) and 6 (t6) months after surgery. The casts were optically scanned, digitized and analyzed for ridge contour changes in the augmented area. Data were subjected to nonparametric statistics.ResultsThe contour changes in labial distance between baseline and follow‐up for the control group were (median, range) 1 mm, 0.37–1.45 (t0–t1); 1.18 mm, 0.39–1.40 (t0–t3); and 0.63 mm, 0.28–1.22 (t0–t6) and for test group 1.21 mm, 0.74–2.47 (t0–t1); 1.26 mm, 0.50–1.71 (t0–t3); and 1.18 mm, 0.16–1.75 (t0–t6). Significantly less shrinkage of the graft was observed in the test group after 6 months (P = 0.03). Clinical periodontal parameters at the neighboring teeth were stable over the follow‐up period and did not differ between groups.ConclusionsAugmentation of single tooth gaps with moderate ridge defects in the anterior maxilla was successfully performed using both techniques. However, after 6 months, sites treated by the pediculated graft were superior in maintaining the initially augmented volume and showed less shrinkage of the graft. This could be attributed to better perfusion of the pediculated graft.
Accuracy of digital versus conventional implant impressions
Authors: Lee Sang J. , Betensky Rebecca A. , Gianneschi Grace E. , Gallucci German O. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe accuracy of digital impressions greatly influences their clinical viability in implant restorations. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of gypsum models acquired from the conventional implant impression to digitally milled models created from direct digitalization by three‐dimensional analysis.Materials and MethodsThirty gypsum and 30 digitally milled models, impressed directly from a reference model, were prepared. The models and reference model were scanned by a laboratory scanner, and 30 surface tessellation language datasets from each group were imported to an inspection software program. The datasets were aligned to the reference dataset by a repeated best‐fit algorithm, and 10 specified contact locations of interest were measured in mean volumetric deviations. The areas were pooled by cusps, fossae, interproximal contacts, horizontal and vertical axes of implant position and angulation. The pooled areas were statistically analysed by comparing each group to the reference model to investigate the mean volumetric deviations accounting for accuracy and standard deviations for precision.ResultsMilled models from digital impressions had comparable accuracy to gypsum models from conventional impressions. However, differences in fossae and vertical displacement of the implant position from the gypsum and digitally milled models compared to the reference model exhibited statistical significance (P < 0.001, P = 0.020, respectively).ConclusionMilled models from digital impression are comparable to gypsum models from conventional impression.
Hepatocyte Transplants Improve Liver Function and Encephalopathy in Portacaval Shunted Rats
Authors: Fogel Wieslawa Agnieszka , Stasiak Anna , Maksymowicz Michał , Kobos Jozef , Unzeta Mercedes , Mussur Miroslaw 
Published: April 2014

SummaryAimRats with portacaval shunt (PCS) are useful experimental models of human hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver dysfunction. We have previously shown that PCS modifies amine neurotransmitter systems in the CNS and increases voluntary alcohol intake by rats. Hepatocyte transplantation, used in acute liver failure, has recently also been applied to chronic liver diseases, which prompted us to investigate whether the altered brain amine system and the drinking behavior in long‐term shunted rats could be normalized by hepatocyte transplants.MethodsHepatocytes, isolated from syngeneic donors by collagenase digestion, were injected (3 × 106 cells/rat) into the pancreatic tail region, 6 months after PCS. Hepatic function was evaluated by measuring urine urea and plasma L‐histidine concentrations. A free choice test with two bottles (tap water and 10% ethyl alcohol) was performed for 3 days to assess the rats’ preference for alcohol. The rats were euthanized 2 months posttransplantation. Brain histamine and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) levels were measured by radioenzymatic assay and by HPLC‐EC, respectively, N‐tele‐methylhistamine by GC/MS while MAOA and MAOB activities by isotopic procedures.ResultsPortacaval shunt rats with hepatocyte transplants gave more urea than before transplantation, with lower plasma L‐His levels and higher body weight versus the PCS counterparts. Also, those rats consumed less alcohol. The CNS amines and 5‐HIAA concentrations, as well as MAO‐B activity, being abnormally high in untreated PCS rats, significantly reduced after PCS hepatocyte treatment.ConclusionsThe results support the therapeutic values of hepatocyte transplants in chronic liver diseases and the temporary character of PCS‐exerted CNS dysfunctions.
Quasi‐prospective, real‐life monitoring of food craving post‐bariatric surgery: comparison with overweight and normal weight women
Authors: Guthrie H. , Tetley D. , Hill A. J. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryFood cravings are common post‐bariatric surgery, suggested as predictors of relapse and weight regain, but relatively unstudied, especially in the longer term. The present study investigated the frequency and nature of food craving experiences after gastric surgery in comparison with non‐surgical control participants. Participants were 21 women, 4–38 months post‐surgery (mean age = 44 years, 9 following gastric banding, 12 after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass), and two comparison samples of 39 overweight dieters and 33 normal weight non‐dieters. They completed a food craving record after every food craving, a daily mood assessment and a food diary over a 7‐day period. Over the 299 craving episodes, savoury foods were the most commonly craved (40% of craving events), followed by chocolate (31%). Post‐bariatric patients reported more and stronger cravings than normal weight non‐dieters but at a similar frequency and strength to overweight dieters. Neither hunger nor negative mood distinguished the food cravings of post‐bariatric patients from those of comparison participants, nor did the proportion that led to eating (58%). Food cravings should be anticipated post‐bariatric surgery but no more so at 12 months post‐surgery than by other overweight or obese individuals. Food cravings are not the product of extreme hunger nor do they have the connection with negative mood seen in disordered eating. In addition, the ability to fulfil cravings by eating the craved food is reduced by the surgery itself, although the duration of surgical restraint is uncertain.