bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical Course of the Habenulo‐Interpeduncular Tract in Chick Embryos
Authors: Ferran José Luis , Puelles Luis 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTClassical studies of the avian diencephalon hardly mention the habenulo‐interpeduncular tract (a.k.a. retroflex tract), although both the habenula (HB) (its origin) and the interpeduncular nuclear complex (its target) are present. Retroflex tract fibers were described at early embryonic stages but seem absent in the adult in routine stains. However, this tract is a salient diencephalic landmark in all other vertebrate lineages. It typically emerges out of the caudal HB, courses dorsoventrally across thalamic alar and basal plates just in front of the thalamo‐pretectal boundary, and then sharply bends 90° caudalwards at paramedian basal plate levels (this is the “retroflexion”), to approach longitudinally via paramedian pretectum and midbrain the rostralmost hindbrain, specifically the prepontine median interpeduncular complex across isthmus and rhombomere 1. We systematize this habenulo‐interpeduncular course into four parts named subhabenular, retrothalamic, tegmental, and interpeduncular. We reexamined the chicken habenulo‐interpeduncular fibers at stages HH30 and HH35 (6.5‐ and 9‐day incubation) by mapping them specifically with immunoreaction for BEN protein, a well‐known marker. We found that only a small fraction of the stained retroflex tract fibers approaches the basal plate by coursing along the standard dorsoventral pathway in front of the thalamo‐pretectal boundary. Many other habenular fibers instead diverge into atypical dispersed courses across the thalamic cell mass (implying alteration of the first subhabenular part of the standard course) before reaching the basal plate; this dispersion explains their invisibility. A significant number of such transthalamic habenular fibers cross orthogonally the zona limitans (ZLI) (the rostral thalamic boundary) and invade the caudal alar prethalamus. Here, they immediately descend dorsoventrally, just rostrally to the ZLI, until reaching the prethalamic basal plate, where they bend (retroflex) caudalwards, entering the thalamic basal paramedian area. These atypical fibers gradually fasciculate with the other groups of habenular efferent fibers in their final longitudinal approach to the hindbrain interpeduncular complex. We conclude that the poor visibility of this tract in birds is due to its dispersion into a diversity of atypical alternative routes, though all components eventually reach the interpeduncular complex. This case merits further analysis of the diverse permissive versus nonpermissive guidance mechanisms called into action, which partially correlate distinctly with successive diencephalic, mesencephalic, and hindbrain neuromeric fields and their boundaries.
Low Valence Triel (I) Systems as Hydrogen Bond Acceptors and their Stability with Respect to Triel (III) Compounds
Authors: Sánchez‐Sanz Goar , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA theoretical study of the complexes formed by carbene like Al(I), Ga(I), In(I) and Tl(I) compounds with hydrogen bond donors (HBD), XH (HCCH, HSH,HOH, HCN, HCl, HBr, HF, and HNC) have been carried out at MP2 computational level. The isolated triel(I) compounds show a negative region of the molecular electrostatic potential region associated with the triel atom suitable to interact with electron deficient groups. This region is associated to a lone pair based on the ELF analysis and to the location of the HOMO orbital. The complexes are similar to those found in nitrogen heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) with HBD. In addition, the oxidative addition reactions of those complexes to yield the corresponding valence III compounds have been characterized. The Al(III) compounds are much more stable than the corresponding Al(I) complexes. However, the stability of the triel(III) compounds decreases with the size of the triel atom and for the thallium derivatives, the Tl(I) complexes are more stable than the Tl(III) compounds in accordance with the number of the structures found in the CSD. The barrier of the TS connecting the triel(I) and triel(III) systems increases with the size of the triel atoms.
Precision Chemistry of Metallofullerenes and Graphene: Recent Advances
Authors: Chang Xueyi , Chen Muqing , Wei Tao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrecision chemistry of synthetic carbon allotropes including fullerene and graphene, characterized by a well‐controlled and spatially resolved addends bonding, has received widespread attention owing to its capability to tailor their physicochemical properties for high‐end applications. In the context of fullerene, particularly endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), precision chemistry emphasizes the regioselective binding of a specific number of moieties to the fullerene cage. In the case of graphene, precision chemistry focuses on achieving precise patterning and tailored modifications. Inspired by their intriguing advantages, the precision chemistry of these two members has witnessed rapid advancements. While existing reviews have outlined advancements in the precision chemistry of EMFs and graphene, this review uniquely concentrates on the most recent progress. Finally, the prospects in this field, with a special focus on the potential for creating functional materials through strategically patterned binding of fullerene and graphene networks are envisioned.
Advancements in Rechargeable Zn‐Air Batteries with Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst
Authors: Gupta Rohit Kumar , Maurya Prince Kumar , Mishra Ashish Kumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis review covers recent progress on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as bifunctional electrocatalysts for Zinc‐air batteries (ZABs), emphasizing their suitable surface area, electrocatalytic active sites, stability in acidic/basic environments, and tunable electronic properties. It discusses strategies like defect engineering, doping, interface, and structural modifications of TMDs nanostructures for enhancing the performances of ZABs. Zinc‐air batteries are promising energy storage devices owing to their high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the development of durable and efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts is a major concern for Zn‐air batteries. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as bifunctional electrocatalysts for Zn‐air batteries. We discuss the advantages of TMDs, such as high activity, good stability, and tunable electronic structure, as well as the challenges, such as low conductivity, poor durability, and limited active sites. We also highlight the strategies for fine‐tuning the properties of TMDs, such as defect engineering, doping, hybridization, and structural engineering, to enhance their catalytic performance and stability. We provide a comprehensive and in‐depth analysis of the applications of TMDs in Zn‐air batteries, demonstrating their potential as low‐cost, abundant, and environmentally friendly alternatives to noble metal catalysts. We also suggest future directions like exploring new TMDs materials and compositions, developing novel synthesis and modification techniques, investigating the interfacial interactions and charge transfer processes, and integrating TMDs with other functional materials. This review aims to illuminate the path forward for the development of efficient and durable Zn‐air batteries, aligning with the broader objectives of sustainable energy solutions.
Coumarin‐Derived Caging Groups in the Spotlight: Tailoring Physiochemical and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Clotworthy Megan R. , Dawson Joseph J. M. , Johnstone Mark D. , Fleming Cassandra L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of light‐responsive molecular tools enables spatiotemporal control of biochemical processes with superior precision. Amongst these molecular tools, photolabile caging groups are employed to prevent critical binding interactions between a bioactive molecule and its corresponding target. Only upon irradiation with light, the bioactive is released in its ‘active’ form and is now readily available to bind to its target. Coumarin‐derived caging groups constitute one of the most popular classes of photolabile protecting groups, due to their facile synthetic accessibility, ease of tuning photophysical properties via structural modification and rapid photolysis reactions. Herein, we highlight the recent progress made on the development of coumarin‐derived caging groups, in which the red‐shifting of absorption spectra, improving aqueous solubility and tailoring sub‐cellular localisation has been of particular interest.
Left behind in the “Return to Normal”: People with intellectual and developmental disabilities' outcomes and supports 4 years into COVID‐19
Authors: Friedman Carli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) immensely. While the pandemic and life during it has changed over time, by the end of 2023, the most prominent narrative was a “return to normal.” Yet, there is less research about people with IDD's quality of life and services and supports beyond the initial waves of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on people with IDD's quality of life outcomes and supports 4 years into the pandemic. Using a repeated cross‐sectional design and linear and binary logistic regression models, we analyzed secondary Personal Outcome Measures® data from 4549 people with IDD from 2018 to 2023 in the United States (n = 4391; 32 states), Canada (n = 142), Ireland (n = 12), New Zealand (n = 3), and Australia (n = 1). We found people with IDD's quality of life outcomes and supports have yet to return to prepandemic levels. In fact, not only was almost every area of quality of life negatively impacted, many people with IDD who were interviewed in 2022 and 2023 had worse outcomes and supports than those interviewed earlier in the pandemic. Instead of clinging to the idea that life or the service system for people with IDD has “returned to normal,” we must recognize that normal was never a good enough destination to return to for people with IDD in the first place. Instead, we must commit to a new normal that is inclusive, accessible, and equitable.
Numerical simulation and dynamic experimental investigation on vibration control of a structural system with a stacked single particle‐inerter damper
Authors: Sun Haoding , He Haoxiang , Cheng Yang , Gao Xiaojian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo overcome the deficiencies of large particle radius, strict vibration conditions, and low kinetic energy exchange rate of traditional particle dampers, it is proposed to organically combine the rack and pinion inerter device with a stacked single particle damper (SSPD) to form a novel stacked single particle‐inerter damping system (SSPIS). Based on a detailed analysis of the force state of particles at various stages, the vibration damping mechanism of SSPIS is analyzed, and a mechanical model of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) structure equipped with an SSPIS is established. The numerical simulation and analysis process of SSPIS is provided, and a parametric design method of inerter device based on the structural performance requirements is proposed. The accuracy of the theoretical mechanical model and numerical simulation analysis process of SSPIS is verified through shaking table tests of a single‐story steel frame, and the actual damping control effect of SSPIS on the controlled structure is investigated. Both test and theoretical results show that the numerical simulation analysis process of SSPIS is clear and accurate, and the mechanical model of the SSPIS‐SDOF structural system is highly accurate. The inerter device in SSPIS can significantly improve the momentum exchange efficiency between particles and structures, and SSPIS could adaptively adjust the particle radius size on demand compared with the traditional particle dampers, with a high damping frequency band, and can realize good damping control effect under the earthquake with various types of sites, which has expansive engineering application scenarios.
A hierarchical method and workflow for the semi‐automated mapping of valley bottom geomorphic units using publicly available remote sensing datasets
Authors: Zhang Nuosha , Fryirs Kirstie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGeomorphic units (GUs) are the landforms that make up the valley bottom and are produced by fluvial processes that determine river structure and function. Mapping of GUs can be used to interpret river type and behaviour and to analyse river condition and recovery processes. The advancement of remote sensing technologies and big‐data acquisition are enabling the development and operationalisation of tools to semi‐automate the mapping of assemblages of GUs across large spatial areas. In this study, we develop a hierarchical method that combines a landscape classification approach (Geomorphons) with supervised classification using light detection and ranging data (LiDAR) and satellite images to semi‐automate the mapping of GUs across valley bottoms. We have also produced a new method for identifying and mapping pools in the absence of bathymetry data. We applied our method on 78 river sections in coastal catchments of NSW, Australia. We were able to identify 20 refined GU types and four further sub‐types of bank‐attached bars. Our method produced GU maps that are consistent with desktop manual delineation from aerial images and digital elevation models. Our hierarchical method offers GU maps with varying accuracy and resolution, accommodating a user's decisions regarding amount of effort invested relative to map quality and accuracy required. Initial runs produce maps with 12 preliminary GUs with 61%–75% consistency when compared to desktop manual mapping. With additional effort and manual corrections, a higher level of GU identification is possible (i.e. refined GU mapping increases the consistency to 70%–81%). The delineation of more intricate sub‐types of GU or sub‐units on compound GUs, which is essential for interpretation of river behaviour, condition, and recovery, still requires on‐site field verification to achieve the best results.
The effects of changing channel retention: Unravelling the mechanisms behind the spatial and temporal trends of suspended sediment in the Rhine basin
Authors: Cox Jana , van der Perk Marcel , Edler Tatjana , Middelkoop Hans 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeltas are reliant on upstream fluvial sediment sources for their survival. In the Rhine basin, the suspended sediment transport governs the supply of fines to the delta, a supply that has been dwindling for several decades. We investigate the changes in suspended sediment (SS) fluxes along the main Rhine branch and its tributaries since 1997 and link these to past and ongoing human activities in the basin. We demonstrate that the spatial pattern in the temporal change can allow us to discount and determine specific mechanisms of SS delivery, transport and trapping that are causing the recent decline. A clear spatial trend in the temporal change emerges: there is an increasing loss of SS from the upper basin towards the delta apex. For the last two decades, this is contributed to the introduction of retention basins, which increase the trapping of overbank fines during high flow. However, the declining sediment flux to the delta extends further in the past (at least since 1950); thus, we also examine potential historical mechanisms, which are different from the short‐term explanation. The longer term decline can be explained by the compound effects of dam construction and the decreasing fine sediment uptake by the river from its channel bed. The Rhine River has demonstrated incision in response to normalization works (finalized in the early 1920s). The incision rates declined over the second half of the 20th century corresponding to a declining SS supply from the bed to the delta apex. The importance of the channel bed as a source contributing to the total SS in human‐affected rivers and the contribution of fines through varying channel bed incision has not yet been identified or considered in global river basin studies. However, it may become increasingly relevant as more rivers are urbanized and controlled for flood protection purposes in the face of climate change.
Procedures to evaluate potential of plants as natural food preservatives: Phytochemical characterization, novel extraction technology, and safety evaluation—A comprehensive review
Authors: Ahmadi Negin , Mosleh Nazanin , Yeganeh Mahta , Ahmadi Nadia , Malakouti Sara , Shahsavari Saleh , Shahraki Reza , Katebi Somaye , Agapoor Mina , Sadeghi Sonia , Bagheri Karim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere is increasing demand for natural food preservative in food manufacturing industry as it is the key to meet consumers' preferences toward healthier food choice. Plant is listed among the most important resources of bioactive components to be utilized as the green and natural food preservatives. There are more than 10,000 kinds of bioactive components in plants that possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Artemisia with potential antimicrobial and antioxidant attributes, as well as functional and medicinal properties, is one of the most important plant species. The manuscript presents a comprehensive review of the potential of the Artemisia species as natural food preservatives. The current challenges and ways forward in using Artemisia EOs and extracts as food preservatives are also discussed. This topic is timely and important considering the natural preservatives used to replace chemical ingredients, sustaining quality, healthy properties, and shelf life of food products as well as efficient and novel extraction techniques.
The effects of the interaction between cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G) and walnut protein isolate (WPI) on the thermal and oxidative stability of C3G
Authors: Wang Daquan , Cui Haipeng , Zong Kaili , Hu Hongchao , Li Yali , Yang Jianting 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study explores the interaction between cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G), a water‐soluble pigment known for its diverse functional activities, and walnut protein isolate (WPI) as a potential stabilizing agent. Given the inherent instability of C3G, particularly its limited application in the food industry due to sensitivity to thermal and oxidative conditions, this research study aims to enhance its stability. According to the results of the fluorescence quenching experiment, C3G can efficiently quench WPI's intrinsic fluorescence through static quenching. Structural exploration revealed that C3G bound WPI via hydrophobic interaction force, with the number of bound C3G molecules (n) almost equivalent to 1. The ΔG value denoting change in Gibbs free energy for C3G binding with WPI was −8.05 kJ/mol, which indicated that the interaction between C3G and WPI is spontaneous. Moreover, the conformational structures of WPI were altered by C3G binding with a decrease in α‐helix contents and an increase in β‐turn, β‐sheet, and random coil contents. The thermal degradation kinetics indicate that after interacting with WPI, the half‐life of C3G increased by 1.62 times and 1.05 times at 80 and 95°C, respectively. The results of the oxidation stability test showed that the presence of WPI effectively reduced the discoloration and degradation of C3G caused by oxidation, and improved the oxidation stability of C3G. This study's findings will help to clarify the interaction mechanism between C3G and WPI, and broaden C3G's application scope in the food processing field.
Olfactory–trigeminal integration in the primary olfactory cortex
Authors: Karunanayaka Prasanna R. , Lu Jiaming , Elyan Rommy , Yang Qing X. , Sathian K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHumans naturally integrate signals from the olfactory and intranasal trigeminal systems. A tight interplay has been demonstrated between these two systems, and yet the neural circuitry mediating olfactory–trigeminal (OT) integration remains poorly understood. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), combined with psychophysics, this study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying OT integration. Fifteen participants with normal olfactory function performed a localization task with air‐puff stimuli, phenylethyl alcohol (PEA; rose odor), or a combination thereof while being scanned. The ability to localize PEA to either nostril was at chance. Yet, its presence significantly improved the localization accuracy of weak, but not strong, air‐puffs, when both stimuli were delivered concurrently to the same nostril, but not when different nostrils received the two stimuli. This enhancement in localization accuracy, exemplifying the principles of spatial coincidence and inverse effectiveness in multisensory integration, was associated with multisensory integrative activity in the primary olfactory (POC), orbitofrontal (OFC), superior temporal (STC), inferior parietal (IPC) and cingulate cortices, and in the cerebellum. Multisensory enhancement in most of these regions correlated with behavioral multisensory enhancement, as did increases in connectivity between some of these regions. We interpret these findings as indicating that the POC is part of a distributed brain network mediating integration between the olfactory and trigeminal systems.Practitioner Points
Psychophysical and neuroimaging study of olfactory–trigeminal (OT) integration.
Behavior, cortical activity, and network connectivity show OT integration.
OT integration obeys principles of inverse effectiveness and spatial coincidence.
Behavioral and neural measures of OT integration are correlated.
A prediction model for stillbirth based on first trimester pre‐eclampsia combined screening
Authors: Al‐Fattah Adly Nanda , Mahindra Muhammad Pradhiki , Yusrika Mirani Ulfa , Mapindra Muhammad Pradhika , Marizni Shinda , Putri Vania Permata , Besar Sadina Pramuktini , Widjaja Felix Firyanto , Kusuma Raden Aditya , Siassakos Dimitrios 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of combined models of maternal biophysical factors, ultrasound, and biochemical markers for predicting stillbirths.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of pregnant women undergoing first‐trimester pre‐eclampsia screening at 11–13 gestational weeks was conducted. Maternal characteristics and history, mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurement, uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) ultrasound, maternal ophthalmic peak ratio Doppler, and placental growth factor (PlGF) serum were collected during the visit. Stillbirth was classified as placental dysfunction‐related when it occurred with pre‐eclampsia or birth weight <10th percentile. Combined prediction models were developed from significant variables in stillbirths, placental dysfunction‐related, and controls. We used the area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity based on a specific cutoff to evaluate the model's predictive performance by measuring the capacity to distinguish between stillbirths and live births.ResultsThere were 13 (0.79%) cases of stillbirth in 1643 women included in the analysis. The combination of maternal factors, MAP, UtA‐PI, and PlGF, significantly contributed to the prediction of stillbirth. This model was a good predictor for all (including controls) types of stillbirth (AUC 0.879, 95% CI: 0.799–0.959, sensitivity of 99.3%, specificity of 38.5%), and an excellent predictor for placental dysfunction‐related stillbirth (AUC 0.984, 95% CI: 0.960–1.000, sensitivity of 98.5, specificity of 85.7).ConclusionScreening at 11–13 weeks' gestation by combining maternal factors, MAP, UtA‐PI, and PlGF, can predict a high proportion of stillbirths. Our model has good accuracy for predicting stillbirths, predominantly placental dysfunction‐related stillbirths.