bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospun cellulosic structure nanofibre based on rice straw
Authors: Mottaghitalab Vahid , Farjad Mona 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The present investigation compares the diverse methods of cellulose extraction from rice straw. Furthermore, the purified cellulosic material was utilized for the electrospinning of cellulose nanofibers. Based on the differential scanning calorimeter and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, the new protocol was compared to the other methods showing lower amorphous structure and also lower lignin and hemicellulose in crystalline α-cellulose structure. The protocol, which included ultrasonic mechanical treatment, showed a higher crystallinity of the corresponding cellulose giving microfibers of 2.9±0.2 μm in average diameter based on the scanning electron microscope images. Cellulose nanofiber was prepared from its solution in trifluoroacetic acid using general one-step electrospinning process. The simultaneous effects of four processing variables including solution concentration (C), applied voltage (V), spinning distance (d), and volume flow rate (Q) on mean fiber diameter (MFD) and standard deviation of fiber diameter (StdFD) were investigated quantitatively and qualitatively. A range of MFD between 96±26 nm and 292±35 nm was recorded for further analysis. The response surface methodology was employed to establish quadratic models for MFD and StdFD. was found to be 96.18% and 91.25%, respectively, for the MFD and StdFD models, showing the good prediction ability of the models. The response surface plots showed strong relationship among variables.
Study on crystallization and compatibility of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/polyoxymethlene (POM) blends modified by a polyether polyol
Authors: Luo Jia-Qi , Yang Bin , Xia Ru , Cheng Guo-Jun , Zhang Yu-Chuan , Su Li-Fen , Miao Ji-Bin , Qian Jia-Sheng , Chen Peng 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Blends of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and polyoxymethlene (POM) were prepared by melt mixing, with a polyether polyol (Model KGF400D) used as the compatibilizer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the cryogenically fractured surfaces of the blends clearly, which showed that the compatibility of NBR/POM blends was significantly enhanced with the addition of KGF400D. Both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rubber process analysis (RPA) results clearly indicated the mechanism of compatibility improvement. Dual functions of KGF400D within the NBR/POM blends were found: one was the lubrication effect and the other was the hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl of KGF400D and ether oxygen group of POM or lone pair electron in the cyano group of NBR.
Multimodale, berührungslose Interaktion für Next Generation
Media
Authors: Elepfandt Monika , Wegerich Anne , Rötting Matthias 
Published: November 2013

Zusammenfassung
Im Bereich Next Generation Media (NGM) muss mit neuen
Interaktionsformen dem Problem der Diskrepanz zwischen verfügbarer
Informationsmenge und den nur wenigen möglichen Anzeigeflächen
begegnet werden. Dazu beschreibt der Artikel vergleichende
Experimente für mögliche Eingabemodalitäten zur natürlichen und
berührungslosen Steuerung der NGM. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass
sich die Kombination aus Zeigegesten und Sprachsteuerung besser
hinsichtlich ihrer Usability eignet als Gesten allein oder die
Kombination aus Blick und Sprachsteuerung.
Multimodale Interaktion auf einer sozialen Roboterplattform
Authors: Blume Jürgen , Rehrl Tobias , Rigoll Gerhard 
Published: November 2013

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die multimodalen
Interaktionsmöglichkeiten mit der Forschungsroboterplattform
ELIAS. Zunächst wird ein Überblick über die Roboterplattform sowie
die entwickelten Verarbeitungskomponenten gegeben, die Einteilung
dieser Komponenten erfolgt nach dem Konzept von wahrnehmenden und
agierenden Modalitäten. Anschließend wird das Zusammenspiel der
Komponenten in einem multimodalen Spieleszenario näher
betrachtet.
Induktionsfelder mit vorteilhaften Topologien in der Magnetischen-Induktions-Tomografie
Authors: Heidary Dastjerdi Maral , Rüter Dirk , Kanoun Olfa , Himmel Jörg 
Published: November 2013

Zusammenfassung
In dieser Veröffentlichung wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, das es
erlaubt die Topologie der Magnetfelder bei der „Magnetischen
Induktionstomografie“ (MIT) durch geometrische
Spulenkonstruktionen und Bestromungsmuster soweit zu verändern, um
eine scharfe Lokalisierung von Objekten innerhalb des Raumes zu
ermöglichen. Ziel ist dabei, die Empfindlichkeit im Messvolumen
gleichmäßiger als in der bekannten MIT zu verteilen, sodass
elektrisch leitfähige Objekte mit größerer Entfernung zwischen
Sender- und Empfängereinheit mit nahezu gleich hoher
Signalintensität detektiert werden können, wie Objekte in Sender-
und Empfängernähe. Dabei soll die maximale Objektgröße, die noch
zu detektieren ist, verkleinert und die Empfindlichkeit des
Systems verbessert werden.
Untersuchung optischer 3D Messsysteme zum Einsatz in der
computerassistierten Chirurgie
Authors: Sahm Stephanie , Kerstein Thomas , Scarpin Dominik , Roth Hubert , Wahrburg Jürgen 
Published: November 2013

Zusammenfassung
Optische 3D Messsysteme bilden wesentliche Komponenten, um in
der computerassistierten Chirurgie die räumliche Lage
chirurgischer Instrumente im Bezug auf den Patienten fortlaufend
zu erfassen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein auf diese Anwendung
zugeschnittener Versuchsaufbau vorgestellt, der die Untersuchung
der Genauigkeit optischer, markerbasierter 3D Lokalisiersysteme
ermöglicht. Zur berührungslosen Erfassung der Patientenanatomie
wird außerdem ein robotergeführter Laserscanner beschrieben, bei
dem durch Auswertung der Kamera-Rohdaten des Lokalisiersystems die
Laserlinie detektiert wird.
Faseroptischer chemischer Multisensor zur
medizinischen Patientenüberwachung
Authors: Kempen Lothar U. , Delgado Jesus A. 
Published: November 2013

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir die ersten Resultate einer
Studie, in der die Möglichkeit der Entwicklung eines
miniaturisierten, hochflexiblen faseroptischen Sensors für mehrere
chemische und physikalische Parameter geprüft wurde. Der Sensor
sollte ausreichend schlank und flexibel sein, um selbst in
empfindlichen Bereichen des menschlichen Körpers längere Zeit ohne
Irritationen eingesetzt werden zu können. Eine mögliche Anwendung
wäre die kontinuierliche, nichtinvasive Messung von Blutgaswerten
zur Überwachung von Patienten in medizinischer Pflege. Das Design
und die Mikrofabrikation des Sensors und des Auslesesystems werden
beschrieben und Messungen von O2 und CO2
Konzentrationen präsentiert.
Prospects of direct growth boron nitride films as substrates for graphene electronics
Authors: Bresnehan Michael S. , Hollander Matthew J. , Wetherington Maxwell , Wang Ke , Miyagi Takahira , Pastir Gregory , Snyder David W. , Gengler Jamie J. , Voevodin Andrey A. , Mitchel William C. , Robinson Joshua A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Enhanced Biocompatibility of GPC by MeV Ion Bombardment
Authors: Zimmerman R. , Gurhan I. , Sarkisov S. , Muntele C. , Ila D. , Rodrigues M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGlassy Polymeric Carbon (GPC) is completely biocompatible and is widely used as a material for artificial heart valves and in other biomedical applications. Although it is ideally suited for fluid flow in the blood stream, collagenous tissue that normally forms around the moving parts of a GPC heart valve sometimes loses adhesion and creates embolisms downstream. We have shown that moderate fluence of MeV ions, especially oxygen ions, increases the surface roughness of GPC on a scale appropriate for enhancing tissue adhesion. Silver ion implantation is shown to inhibit cell growth on GPC. Ion bombardment also increases the surface hardness of GPC, already an extremely hard material. In vitro biocompatibility tests have been carried out with model cell lines to demonstrate that MeV ion bombardment can favorably influence the surface of GPC for biomedical applications.
Spinning pipe gas lens aberrations along the axis and in the boundary layer
Authors: Mafusire Cosmas , Forbes Andrew 
Published: November 2013

When the walls of an open-ended horizontal steel pipe are heated before the pipe is rotated along its axis, the exchange of the expelled heated air with the incoming cooler air, sucked in along the axis, results in a medium capable of focusing a laser beam propagating along the pipe’s axis – a spinning pipe gas lens. However, the interaction of the heated and cooler air generates local density fluctuations which generate aberrations on the laser beam wavefront. We present results for the characterisation of these aberrations using a Shack- Hartmann wavefront sensor. The measurements show that along the axis, rotating the pipe decreases y-tilt as a result of the removal of distortions caused by gravity, although there is an increase in higher-order aberrations. However, in the boundary layer, the dominant aberration is x-astigmatism which increases with rotation speed. The results are confirmed by the measurement of the beam quality factor which increases as a result of the increase in the size of the higher-order aberrations. The spinning pipe gas lens is a device which can be used to focus laser beams using air only, but, in the process, the air introduces distortions which reduce the quality of the beam.
Collection and characterization of semen from green iguanas (Iguana iguana)
Authors: Zimmerman Dawn M. , Mitchell Mark A. , Perry Brittany Heggem 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine an efficient method for the collection of semen samples by means of electroejaculation, characterize spermatozoa quality and quantity, and determine the effect of refrigerated storage on motility of spermatozoa obtained from green iguanas (Iguana iguana).
Animals—18 adult green iguanas.
Procedures—Green iguanas were anesthetized, and semen samples were obtained by means of electroejaculation. Up to 3 series of electrostimulations were performed; the procedure was stopped after a semen sample was obtained. Various semen sample variables were evaluated.
Results—Semen samples were obtained from 16 iguanas; most (n = 10) iguanas produced a semen sample after the second series of electrostimulations. Median semen sample volume was 0.05 mL. Mean spermatozoa concentration was 2 69.0 × 106 spermatozoa/mL. Median percentage of motile spermatozoa was 78%. The only morphological abnormality of spermatozoa was bent tails (mean percentage in a semen sample, 5.7%). Spermatozoa motility decreased significantly during refrigeration (4°C); median percentage motility after 24, 48, and 72 hours of refrigeration was 60%, 33%, and 0%, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study suggested electroejaculation can be performed to collect semen samples from green iguanas, characteristics of iguana semen samples are similar to those for semen samples obtained from other reptiles, and motility of iguana spermatozoa decreases during refrigeration within 48 to 72 hours.
Association between urine osmolality and specific gravity in dogs and the effect of commonly measured urine solutes on that association
Authors: Ayoub Jennifer A. , Beaufrere Hugues , Acierno Mark J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the association between urine osmolality and specific gravity (USG) in dogs and to evaluate the effect of commonly measured urine solutes on that association.
Animals—60 dogs evaluated by an internal medicine service.
Procedures—From each dog, urine was obtained by cystocentesis and USG was determined with a refractometer. The sample was divided, and one aliquot was sent to a diagnostic laboratory for urinalysis and the other was frozen at −80°C until osmolality was determined. Urine samples were thawed and osmolality was measured in duplicate with a freezing-point depression osmometer. The correlation between mean urine osmolality and USG was determined; the effect of pH, proteinuria, glucosuria, ketonuria, bilirubinuria, and hemoglobinuria on this relationship was investigated with multiple regression analysis.
Results—The Pearson correlation coefficient between urine osmolality and USG was 0.87. The final multivariable regression model for urine osmolality included USG and the presence of ketones; ketonuria had a small negative association with urine osmolality.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated a strong linear correlation between osmolality and USG in urine samples obtained from dogs with various pathological conditions, and ketonuria had a small negative effect on that correlation.
Crystal, molecular and electron structure of (2R,3R,4aS,5S,7R,10aS,10bS)-5-ethyl- 2,3-dimethoxy-2,3,7-trimethyl-decahydro-2H- [1,4]dioxino[2,3-g]indolizin-7-ium iodide hydrate
Authors: Viktor Vrábel , Július Sivý , Peter Šafař 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The title compound, C17H32NO4I・H2O, is chiral molecule with seven stereogenic centres. The absolute configuration was assigned from the synthesis and confirmed by the structure determination. The central six-membered ring of the indolizine moiety and 1,4-dioxane ring adopt a chair conformation, with two atoms displaced by -0.530(3), 0.712(3) and -0.631(2), 0.602(2) Å, respectively, from the plane of the other four atoms. The conformation of the pyrrolidine ring is close to that of a envelope, with the flap atom displaced by -0.600(3) A from the plane through the remaining four atoms. The electron structure was calculated by the semiempirical quantum chemistry method PM3. The crystal structure of compound is stabilized by O-H・・・I and O-H・・・O hydrogen bonds.
Electrochemical study of the stability of ferrates(VI) in low temperature molten hydroxide
Authors: Kerekeš Kamil , Švaňová Katarína , Híveš Ján , Gál Miroslav 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
During last decades interest in ferrates(VI) has increased significantly. On one hand they serve as strong, non-toxic oxidants without harmful by-products and, on the other hand, as an efficient coagulant in both drinking and waste water treatment technology. In this work we focused on the electrochemical preparation of ferrate (VI) salts in eutectic low temperature molten sodium hydroxide - water mixture using pure iron anodes. Some information on the stability and kinetics of decomposition of sodium ferrate(VI) prepared by molten-system electrolysis is discussed. An assumption that electrochemically prepared ferrate(VI) in molten hydroxide media are stable enough to be used especially in the field of waste water treatment was confirmed by our observation.
Health-promoting substances contained in cereals (review)
Authors: Rakická Milada , Šturdík Ernest , Marko Andrea 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In current time we can see worldwide rise in number of people suffering from civilization diseases, such as health threatening cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, cancer and many others. Cereal products which provide income of important nutritional substance for human health belong among groceries with proven medical effect. Among significant components of cereals with proven effect in prevention of civilization diseases belongs roughage, β-glucans, phytochemicals. Important role also play vitamins and minerals, which are present in cereals in minor values. Article summarizes presence of medically important substances in cereals.
Differential preservation of children’s bones and teeth recovered from early medieval cemeteries: possible influences for the forensic recovery of non-adult skeletal remains
Authors: Manifold Bernadette M. 
Published: November 2013

The skeletal preservation of 421 non-adult skeletons from four early medieval sites in England, Scotland and Wales were compared to assess whether geographical location and geology have an impact on overall bone preservation of children’s remains in the burial environment. Skeletons were examined from the cemeteries of Auldhame in Scotland, Edix Hill and Great Chesterford in England and Llandough in Wales. The bone preservation was examined using three preservational indices: Anatomical preservation index (API), Qualitative preservation index (QBI) and the bone representation index (BRI). A similar pattern existed across all the sites with regard to what bones are preserved, bones with relatively high density, such as the temporal bone of the skull, the long bones of the upper and lower limbs tend to be abundant in the samples, with the more small and fragile bones, such as the facial bones tending to be less well represented either as a result of low bone density or due to loss at excavation. The study of the dental elements also revealed a pattern with regard to what is preserved, with high numbers of molars and incisors found.
This may be related to both the size and number of roots; but also the position in the mouth which may offer protection against loss. A difference in preservation was observed between the sites and the classes of preservation, particularly local differences between the sites of Edix Hill and Great Chesterford. From this study it remains unclear as to the extent the role of geology has on the non-adult skeleton, but the results of this study show that age is not the dominating factor in bone preservation as previously thought.
The effects of model upper limb position on observer P300 event-related potential
Authors: Nagai Yukiko , Sakuma Haruo 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Study aim: This study reports on the characteristics of learners’ information-gathering processes when receiving visual motor information by examining the influence of differences in model upper limb placement on observer attention.
Materials and Methods: The experiment, which was conducted with seven subjects, consisted of a visual oddball task in which subjects were instructed to push a button corresponding to the target image when it was presented on a screen. Two images were used in the task: a “front” image in which the upper limbs were placed in front of the trunk, and an “outside” image in which the upper limbs were placed outside the trunk. The variables measured were brainwaves during task performance, button push reaction time, and questionnaire responses. Brainwaves were recorded at the Fz, Cz, and Pz electrode sites and event-related potentials at the time of target image presentation were calculated. Grand mean waveforms and mean potentials were also compared for the P300.
Results: Comparisons of P300 amplification grand mean waveforms and mean potentials revealed that amplification was greater in the front condition than in the outside condition.
Conclusion: This finding indicates that differences in model upper limb placement greatly affect observer attention.
The Current Economic Crisis of the EU: Genesis, Analysis and Solutions
Authors: Troitiño David Ramiro 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The article approaches the current economic crisis from an historical perspective, analyzing the building of the monetary integration and the common currency. The process is explained through pointing out its effects on the European integration and outlining the positive and negative consequences of the introduction of a common currency in the European Union. The investigation continues with a general outlook of the current situation of the countries which were more affected by the current crisis-Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Italy and Cyprus. What all these countries have in common is the necessity of extra funding in a context of austerity, plus some national particularities. The author proposes an expansion in the public spending as the only reliable way to stimulate European economies in the crisis. As the introduction of the euro meant the end of the monetary independence for the Member States, an innovative solution is proposed-the creation of an Economic Government in the union in order to transfer funds from wealthier states to the countries in trouble. It is presented as a necessity for the states in crisis, a necessity for the wealthier states, and a must for the European Union.
Russia between China and the European Union: Friends or Foes?
Authors: Värk Juhan 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
For a long time Russia has regarded the European Union and China as its main economic and trade partners, giving preference to the EU. A sudden change occurred in October 2008, when as a response to the EU’s sharp criticism of the Kremlin over the Georgian-Russian military conflict, Russia decided to re-orient its foreign economic and trade policy from the EU to China and partially also to India. At the same time Russian-Chinese military and energy cooperation started to grow. Russia sold China oil and gas at low price and supplied it with advanced weaponry, which has increased China’s aggression toward its neighbours. Russia also started to politically and militarily support China’s activities in Syria and Iran, which, in turn, worsened Russia’s relations with several EU Member States, including Germany, France and Italy, with whom Russia was planning to cooperate in the developing of the Nord Stream gas pipeline project. However, Russian President Vladimir Putin still declares a great continuing friendship and solidarity with China and is hoping to see the worsening of China’s conflict with the US, which, Putin claims, could avert China’s direct conflict with Russia. Several leading Russian military and political experts describe this hope as unrealistic. At the same time, the volume of EU-Russian mutual trade was almost 395 billion US dollars in 2011, which exceeds in volume the Chinese-Russian trade volume by more than four times. It shows that Russia’s trade reset from the EU to China has been negligible. Also, it is bad news for Russia and China that Iran today stifles cooperation with Georgia and Chinese separatist Uyghurs, and Syrian Bashar al-Assad’s regime is developing cooperation with al Qaeda, and does not explain Russia’s and China’s current similar foreign policy toward Iran and Syria.
Theoretical Considerations about the Possible Impact of Globalisation on Europe’s Economic Development
Authors: Daugėlienė Rasa 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Scientific works (starting from 1873) of famous economists and political philosophers based on theoretical/philosophical considerations about the preconditions of changes on world economy of scope stipulate the inclusive analysis of factors which possibly influence the challenges of society and economy in the 21st century. It is very modern to claim that manifestation of globalisation is the origin of all changes. The European Commission states that about one-fifth of the increase in the economies of EU countries over the past 50 years depends on integration of the world economy, that is, globalisation. Taking this into account, the article presents theoretical considerations about the possible impact of globalisation on Europe’s economic development. Three scientific problems are raised: Does globalisation affect economic growth and how could this process be managed? Which are the derivatives of globalisation that influence positive changes in a country’s economy? Is it possible to eliminate or diminish the effect of the more negative aspects of globalisation? Among the research methods used in the article are theoretical comparative analysis of the scientific works, and analysis of legal documents as well as strategies and practical papers in this field. The article also presents three tasks: to systematise arguments presented in existing scientific works (theories) as well as in EU initiatives considering the phenomenon of globalisation, to highlight the tendencies in Europe’s economic development that are associated with globalisation, and to present recommendations for managing the influence of globalisation to the development of EU’s economy.
The article presents systematised arguments of published scientific works (theories) as well as EU initiatives considering the phenomenon of globalisation. The impact, positive as well as negative, of globalisation on the development of economy is highlighted and the criteria for the manifestation of globalisation is systematised. This instrument could be used to assess the impact of globalisation on economic development