bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer Mortality Trend Analysis in Italy, 1980-2010, and Predictions for 2015
Authors: Rosso Tiziana , Bertuccio Paola , La Vecchia Carlo , Negri Eva , Malvezzi Matteo 
Published: June 2015

Aims To update cancer mortality statistics in Italy, analyzing 1980-2010 trends, and to predict 2015 mortality rates. Methods World Health Organization cancer mortality and census data were extracted to calculate death rates for 30 cancer sites from 1980 to 2010. Trends were analyzed with joinpoint regression and predicted 2015 deaths rates were computed. Results In 2010 in Italy, there were 175,046 cancer deaths (98,847 men and 76,199 women), with total mortality rates, respectively, of 138.22 and 82.6/100,000. The leading cause of cancer death in men was lung cancer (25,457 deaths, 36.2/100,000), whereas in women it was breast cancer (12,115 deaths, 15.38/100,000). Total cancer mortality in men has been decreasing since the late 1980s, with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of −1.8 in 1994-2010. In women, total cancer mortality rates decreased throughout the study period, with an EAPC of −1.1 in 1992-2010. Trends in mortality were decreasing for most cancers in both sexes. Only pancreatic and lung cancer trends in women were unfavorable. Total numbers of predicted cancer deaths in Italy for 2015 increased to 102,647 men and 82,047 women; however, the predicted rates decreased in men (129.1/100,000), while remaining stable in women (82.6/100,000). Conclusions Mortality rates for the most common cancers in Italy showed favorable trends that are likely to continue in the near future, with the exception of lung cancer mortality in women. Maintaining these trends requires continuous and improved control of tobacco, alcohol, and nutrition/overweight. Further improvements in diagnosis and treatment may also have a significant impact on cancer mortality.
Film Music and Visual Attention: A Pilot Experiment using Eye-Tracking
Authors: Wallengren Ann-Kristin , Strukelj Alexander 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article gives an account of an eye-tracking experiment carried out during a workshop at Lund University, where the overall question was, "how does film music affect meaning?" The pilot experiment was conducted on an exploratory basis, and in this article, the tentative results and possible usefulness of laboratory experiments are discussed.
Effective Biomarkers and Radiation Treatment in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ow Thomas J. , Pitts Casey E. , Kabarriti Rafi , Garg Madhur K. 
Published: June 2015

ContextRadiation is a key arm in the multidisciplinary treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. During the past 2 decades, significant changes in the way radiation therapy is planned and delivered have improved efficacy and decreased toxicity. Refined approaches in the application of radiation and chemoradiation have led to organ-sparing treatment regimens for laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers and have improved local and regional control rates in the postoperative, adjuvant setting. The molecular and genetic determinants of tumor cell response to radiation have been studied, and several potential biomarkers are emerging that could further improve application and efficacy of radiation treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.ObjectiveTo discuss the current understanding of potential biomarkers related to radiation response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Data SourcesExisting published literature.ConclusionsSeveral potential biomarkers are actively being studied as predictors and targets to improve the use and efficacy of radiation therapy to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Several promising candidates have been defined, and new markers are on the horizon.
L’étude de la responsabilité sociale du chercheur-intervenant : quelles conséquences méthodologiques?
Authors: Dreveton Benjamin 
Published: June 2015

Cet article se propose d’analyser la manière dont la notion de responsabilité sociale questionne une méthodologie de recherche : la recherche-intervention. Dans un premier temps, l’article propose une réflexion sur la notion de responsabilité sociale et sur son application aux activités du chercheur-intervenant. Dans un second temps, à partir l’analyse secondaire de deux recherches-interventions, l’analyse des enjeux liés à la responsabilité sociale du chercheur met en évidence une double nécessité méthodologique : redéfinir la dimension spatiale de l’intervention et repenser l’inscription temporelle de la recherche.
Les dimensions de l’américanisation en question : modalités d’adoption de l’idéologie de la valeur actionnariale dans les rapports annuels d’entreprises du CAC 40 (1998-2012)
Authors: Boncori Anne-Laure 
Published: June 2015

L’américanisation, en tant que processus d’importation de modèles de management américains, soulève deux principales questions : 1) la question de ce qui est transféré et adopté, c’est-à-dire de ses dimensions : le modèle dans son ensemble ou ses composantes; 2) celle des modalités d’adoption de ces éléments. L’ambition de cet article est d’y répondre en étudiant les dimensions et modalités d’adoption de la composante idéologique du modèle américain de la création de valeur actionnariale en France et ce, sur une quinzaine d’années. Les résultats révèlent une faible adoption de la composante idéologique du modèle de la valeur actionnariale au sein du CAC 40, au bénéfice de l’hybridation et du particularisme.
Spatial and temporal variability of the velocity and hydrographic structure in a weakly stratified system, Broad Sound, Casco Bay, Maine
Authors: Dzwonkowski Brian , Pettigrew Neal R. , Knapp Stacy R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe velocity and hydrographic structure across Broad Sound, a north‐south orientated subsystem of Casco Bay, ME that lacks continuous coastal boundaries, were characterized using velocity observations from two moorings in late summer/fall of 2013 and velocity and density observations from a repeat‐transect ship survey conducted over a tidal cycle during the same period. At tidal time scales, the system is dominated by a barotropic semidiurnal standing wave with a west to east decrease in tidal amplitude and relatively minimal phase change across the majority of the transect. The stratification (vertical differences of 0.5–1.0 kg m−3) was generally laterally uniform and stronger during the flood phase which is hypothesized to result from stronger offshore stratification. The mean circulation had strong lateral shear with inflow over the deepest point in the bathymetric cross section and eastern slope and outflow over the western slope. There was also vertical shearing of the horizontal velocities with stronger northward (or northward trending) velocities at depth. The depth‐averaged subtidal fluctuations were relatively small (∼2–3 cm s−1) and uncorrelated between mooring sites suggesting the vertically uniform current response associated with remote wind forcing is of limited importance. On the other hand, the depth‐dependent velocity fluctuations at the subtidal time scale were, in large part (∼36–72%), driven by wind forcing. The net flux ratio, a means of quantifying the relative importance of the vertical and lateral shear in the flow field, was typically ∼0.44 indicating the structure of the local wind response favored vertically sheared flow.
Subtropical and midlatitude ozone trends in the stratosphere: Implications for recovery
Authors: Nair P. J. , Froidevaux L. , Kuttippurath J. , Zawodny J. M. , Russell J. M. , Steinbrecht W. , Claude H. , Leblanc T. , van Gijsel J. A. E. , Johnson B. , Swart D. P. J. , Thomas A. , Querel R. , Wang R. , Anderson J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present a comprehensive analysis of the trends of stratospheric ozone in the midlatitudes and subtropics. The analysis is performed using ground‐based and space‐based measurements over the light detection and ranging stations for the period 1985–2012. Also, trends are estimated for the zonal mean data made from a merged satellite data set, Global OZone Chemistry And Related trace gas Data records for the Stratosphere, over 1979–2012. The linear trends in stratospheric ozone are estimated using piecewise linear trend (PWLT) functions. The ozone trends during the increasing phase of halogens (before 1997) range from −0.2 ± 0.08 to −1 ± 0.07% yr−1 in the midlatitudes and −0.2 ± 0.06 to −0.7 ± 0.05 % yr−1 in the subtropics at 15–45 km, depending on altitude. In 1997–2012, the PWLT analyses show a positive trend, significantly different from zero at the 95% confidence intervals, toward ozone recovery in the middle‐ and low‐latitude upper stratosphere (35–45 km), and the trends are about +0.5 ± 0.07% yr−1 at midlatitudes and about +0.3 ± 0.05% yr−1 at subtropical latitudes. However, negative and insignificant trends are estimated in the lower stratosphere (15–20 km) over 1997–2012 in the midlatitudes, mainly due to the dynamics, as demonstrated by the large (50–60%) contributions from the quasi‐biennial oscillation, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and planetary wave activity to recent ozone changes. This suggests that the ozone changes are governed by the interannual variations in meteorology and dynamics of the regions; these factors will influence the recovery detection time and the behavior of the recovery path to pre‐1980 levels.
Tectonic evolution of 200 km of Mid‐Atlantic Ridge over 10 million years: Interplay of volcanism and faulting
Authors: Cann Johnson R. , Smith Deborah K. , Escartin Javier , Schouten Hans 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe reconstruct the history of the mode of accretion of an area of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge south of the Kane fracture zone using bathymetric morphology. The area includes 200 km of the spreading axis and reaches to 10 Ma on either side. We distinguish three tectonic styles: (1) volcanic construction with eruption and intrusion of magma coupled with minor faulting, (2) extended terrain with abundant large‐offset faults, (3) detachment faulting marked by extension on single long‐lived faults. Over 40% of the seafloor is made of extended terrain and detachment faults. The area includes products of seven spreading segments. The spreading axis has had detachment faulting or extended terrain on one or both sides for 70% of the last 10 Ma. In some parts of the area, regions of detachment faulting and extended terrain lie close to segment boundaries. Regions of detachment faulting initiated at 10 Ma close to the adjacent fracture zones to the north and south, and then expanded away from them. We discuss the complex evidence from gravity, seismic surveys, and bathymetry for the role of magma supply in generating tectonic style. Overall, we conclude that input of magma at the spreading axis has a general control on the development of detachment faulting, but the relationship is not strong. Other factors may include a positive feedback that stabilizes detachment faulting at the expense of volcanic extension, perhaps through the lubrication of active detachment faults by the formation of low friction materials (talc, serpentine) on detachment fault surfaces.
Origins of felsic magmas in Japanese subduction zone: Geochemical characterizations of tephra from caldera‐forming eruptions <5 Ma
Authors: Kimura Jun‐Ichi , Nagahashi Yoshitaka , Satoguchi Yasufumi , Chang Qing 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDacitic to rhyolitic glass shards from 80 widespread tephras erupted during the past 5 Mys from calderas in Kyushu, and SW, central, and NE Japan were analyzed. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine 10 major and 33 trace elements and 207Pb/206Pb‐208Pb/206Pb isotope ratios. The tephras were classified into three major geochemical types and their source rocks were identified as plutonic, sedimentary, and intermediate amphibolite rocks in the upper crust. A few tephras from SW Japan were identified as adakite and alkali rhyolite and were regarded to have originated from slab melt and mantle melt, respectively. The Pb isotope ratios of the tephras are comparable to those of the intermediate lavas in the source areas but are different from the basalts in these areas. The crustal assimilants for the intermediate lavas were largely from crustal melts and are represented by the rhyolitic tephras. A large heat source is required for forming large volumes of felsic crustal melts and is usually supplied by the mantle via basalt. Hydrous arc basalt formed by cold slab subduction is voluminous, and its heat transfer with high water content may have melted crustal rocks leading to effective felsic magma production. Coincidence of basalt and felsic magma activities shown by this study suggests caldera‐forming eruptions are ultimately the effect of a mantle‐driven cause.
What favors convective aggregation and why?
Authors: Muller Caroline , Bony Sandrine 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe organization of convection is ubiquitous, but its physical understanding remains limited. One particular type of organization is the spatial self‐aggregation of convection, taking the form of cloud clusters, or tropical cyclones in the presence of rotation. We show that several physical processes can give rise to self‐aggregation and highlight the key features responsible for it, using idealized simulations. Longwave radiative feedbacks yield a “radiative aggregation.” In that case, sufficient spatial variability of radiative cooling rates yields a low‐level circulation, which induces the upgradient energy transport and radiative‐convective instability. Not only do vertically integrated radiative budgets matter but the vertical profile of cooling is also crucial. Convective aggregation is facilitated when downdrafts below clouds are weak (“moisture‐memory aggregation”), and this is sufficient to trigger aggregation in the absence of longwave radiative feedbacks. These results shed some light on the sensitivity of self‐aggregation to various parameters, including resolution or domain size.
Long‐period ground motion simulation of a subduction earthquake using the offshore‐onshore ambient seismic field
Authors: Viens Loïc , Miyake Hiroe , Koketsu Kazuki 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLarge earthquakes that occur in subduction zones are likely to generate long‐period ground motions that can cause severe damage even at great distances from the epicenter. We extracted surface‐to‐surface impulse response functions from the ambient seismic field recorded by offshore ocean bottom seismometers located atop the Nankai subduction zone and onshore stations. We showed that these offshore‐onshore impulse response functions can be used to accurately simulate the long‐period ground motions generated by an offshore moderate subduction earthquake. Moreover, we also found that the distributions of the earthquake and impulse response function pseudovelocity response spectra have similar maximum amplifications in the same area close to the earthquake epicenter. This suggests that the ambient seismic field recorded by the increasing number of ocean bottom seismometers around the world can be used to assess seismic hazard related to offshore subduction earthquakes without prior knowledge of the velocity structure.
Nonlinear bounce resonances between magnetosonic waves and equatorially mirroring electrons
Authors: Chen Lunjin , Maldonado Armando , Bortnik Jacob , Thorne Richard M. , Li Jinxing , Dai Lei , Zhan Xiaoya 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEquatorially mirroring energetic electrons pose an interesting scientific problem, since they generally cannot resonate with any known plasma waves and hence cannot be scattered down to lower pitch angles. Observationally it is well known that the flux of these equatorial particles does not simply continue to build up indefinitely, and so a mechanism must necessarily exist that transports these particles from an equatorial pitch angle of 90° down to lower values. However, this mechanism has not been uniquely identified yet. Here we investigate the mechanism of bounce resonance with equatorial noise (or fast magnetosonic waves). A test particle simulation is used to examine the effects of monochromatic magnetosonic waves on the equatorially mirroring energetic electrons, with a special interest in characterizing the effectiveness of bounce resonances. Our analysis shows that bounce resonances can occur at the first three harmonics of the bounce frequency (nωb, n = 1, 2, and 3) and can effectively reduce the equatorial pitch angle to values where resonant scattering by whistler mode waves becomes possible. We demonstrate that the nature of bounce resonance is nonlinear, and we propose a nonlinear oscillation model for characterizing bounce resonances using two key parameters, effective wave amplitude
and normalized wave number
. The threshold for higher harmonic resonance is more strict, favoring higher
and
, and the change in equatorial pitch angle is strongly controlled by
. We also investigate the dependence of bounce resonance effects on various physical parameters, including wave amplitude, frequency, wave normal angle and initial phase, plasma density, and electron energy. It is found that the effect of bounce resonance is sensitive to the wave normal angle. We suggest that the bounce resonant interaction might lead to an observed pitch angle distribution with a minimum at 90°.
Callisto plasma interactions: Hybrid modeling including induction by a subsurface ocean
Authors: Lindkvist Jesper , Holmström Mats , Khurana Krishan K. , Fatemi Shahab , Barabash Stas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBy using a hybrid plasma solver (ions as particles and electrons as a fluid), we have modeled the interaction between Callisto and Jupiter's magnetosphere for variable ambient plasma parameters. We compared the results with the magnetometer data from flybys (C3, C9, and C10) by the Galileo spacecraft. Modeling the interaction between Callisto and Jupiter's magnetosphere is important to establish the origin of the magnetic field perturbations observed by Galileo and thought to be related to a subsurface ocean. Using typical upstream magnetospheric plasma parameters and a magnetic dipole corresponding to the inductive response inside the moon, we show that the model results agree well with observations for the C3 and C9 flybys, but agrees poorly with the C10 flyby close to Callisto. The study does support the existence of a subsurface ocean at Callisto.
High‐resolution TanDEM‐X DEM: An accurate method to estimate lava flow volumes at Nyamulagira Volcano (D. R. Congo)
Authors: Albino F. , Smets B. , d'Oreye N. , Kervyn F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNyamulagira and Nyiragongo are two of the most active volcanoes in Africa, but their eruptive histories are poorly known. Assessing lava flow volumes in the region remains difficult, as field surveys are often impossible and available Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) do not have adequate spatial or temporal resolutions. We therefore use TerraSAR‐X add‐on for Digital Elevation Measurement (TanDEM‐X) interferometry to produce a series of 0.15 arc sec (∼5 m) DEMs from between 2011 and 2012 over these volcanoes. TanDEM‐X DEMs have an absolute vertical accuracy of 1.6 m, resulting from the comparison of elevation with GPS measurements acquired around Nyiragongo. The difference between TanDEM‐X‐derived DEMs from before and after the 2011–2012 eruption of Nyamulagira provides an accurate thickness map of the lava flow emplaced during that activity. Values range from 3 m along the margins to 35 m in the middle, with a mean of 12.7 m. The erupted volume is 305.2 ± 36.0 × 106 m3. Height errors on thickness depend on the land covered by the flow and range from 0.4 m in old lavas to 5.5 m in dense vegetation. We also reevaluate the volume of historical eruptions at Nyamulagira since 2001 from the difference between TanDEM‐X and SRTM 1 arc sec DEMs and compare them to previous work. Planimetric methods used in literature are consistent with our results for short‐duration eruptions but largely underestimate the volume of the long‐lived 2011–2012 eruption. Our new estimates of erupted volumes suggest that the mean eruption rate and the magma supply rate were relatively constant at Nyamulagira during 2001–2012, respectively, 23.1 m3 s−1 and 0.9 m3 s−1.
Retrieval of aerosol microphysical properties from AERONET photopolarimetric measurements: 1. Information content analysis
Authors: Xu Xiaoguang , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper is the first part of a two‐part study that aims to retrieve aerosol particle size distribution (PSD) and refractive index from the multispectral and multiangular polarimetric measurements taken by the new‐generation Sun photometer as part of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). It provides theoretical analysis and guidance to the companion study in which we have developed an inversion algorithm for retrieving 22 aerosol microphysical parameters associated with a bimodal PSD function from real AERONET measurements. Our theoretical analysis starts with generating the synthetic measurements at four spectral bands (440, 675, 870, and 1020 nm) with a Unified Linearized Vector Radiative Transfer Model for various types of spherical aerosol particles. Subsequently, the quantitative information content for retrieving aerosol parameters is investigated in four observation scenarios, i.e., I1, I2, P1, and P2. Measurements in the scenario (I1) comprise the solar direct radiances and almucantar radiances that are used in the current AERONET operational inversion algorithm. The other three scenarios include different additional measurements: (I2) the solar principal plane radiances, (P1) the solar principal plane radiances and polarization, and (P2) the solar almucantar polarization. Results indicate that adding polarization measurements can increase the degree of freedom for signal by 2–5 in the scenario P1, while not as much of an increase is found in the scenarios I2 and P2. Correspondingly, smallest retrieval errors are found in the scenario P1: 2.3% (2.9%) for the fine‐mode (coarse‐mode) aerosol volume concentration, 1.3% (3.5%) for the effective radius, 7.2% (12%) for the effective variance, 0.005 (0.035) for the real‐part refractive index, and 0.019 (0.068) for the single‐scattering albedo. These errors represent a reduction from their counterparts in scenario I1 of 79% (57%), 76% (49%), 69% (52%), 66% (46%), and 49% (20%), respectively. We further investigated those retrieval errors over a variety of aerosol loading and fine‐/coarse‐mode prevalence, which indicates that observations in scenario P1 can yield the retrieval of refractive index and single‐scattering albedo for both fine and coarse aerosol modes, when aerosol optical depth at 440 nm is larger than 0.2 and 870/1020 nm Ångström exponent ranges between 0.7 and 1.6.
Interferon‐α and the calcifying microangiopathy in Aicardi–Goutières syndrome
Authors: Klok Melanie D. , Bakels Hannah S. , Postma Nienke L. , van Spaendonk Rosalina M. L. , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Bugiani Marianna 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAicardi–Goutières syndrome is a leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and increased cerebrospinal fluid interferon‐α. The relation between interferon‐α and brain pathology is poorly understood. We report a patient with mutations in the disease‐associated gene SAMHD1. Neuropathology showed an extensive microangiopathy with calcifications consistently associate	with blood vessels. In an in vitro model of the microangiopathy, interferon‐α enhanced vascular smooth muscle cell‐derived calcifications. The noninfarcted white matter harbored apoptotic oligodendrocytes and increased numbers of oligodendrocyte progenitors. These findings better define the white matter pathology and provide evidence that interferon‐α plays a direct pathogenetic role in the calcifying angiopathy typical of this disease.