bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geological, hydrogeochemical, and microbiological characteristics of the Oil site of the Uzon caldera (Kamchatka)
Authors: Dobretsov N.L. , Lazareva E.V. , Zhmodik S.M. , Bryanskaya A.V. , Morozova V.V. , Tikunova N.V. , Peltek S.E. , Karpov G.A. , Taran O.P. , Ogorodnikova O.L. , Kirichenko I.S. , Rozanov A.S. , Babkin I.V. , Shuvaeva O.V. , Chebykin E.P. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This study used geological, geochemical, and microbiological data to examine the Uzon oils and conditions within the Uzon caldera. The trace-element compositions of crude oils and solutions from boreholes and hydrothermal springs were determined by ICP-MS. The majority of hydrothermal manifestations within the Uzon caldera are controlled by three trends of faults. The major fault zone, trending nearly E–W, is located between Kikhpinych and Taunshits volcanoes. It acts as a magma conduit and hosts numerous oval-shaped hydrothermal vents. The Oil site is situated on the periphery of the hottest area of highest hydrothermal activity within the Eastern thermal field. On the Eh–pH diagram, most solutions of the Uzon caldera define distinct fields and trends which correlate with the stability fields for sulfur and iron. The Oil site is characterized by very wide variations in temperature and Eh–pH parameters of pore solutions. The geochemical signatures of the solutions at this site are broadly similar to those from other areas of the Uzon caldera, but differ in their sulfide ion and sulfate ion concentrations. These differences can be explained by mixing of deep chloride-sodium hydrothermal solutions and solutions produced during surface oxidation of sulfide-containing material. With respect to the average continental crust, the Uzon oil is enriched in S, As, and Hg. The crude oil and solutions have broadly similar concentrations of B, S, Cl, As, Se, Br, Cd, I, Hg, and Pb and highly variable concentrations of Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Nb, and Sn. The community structure of archaeal assemblages in springs and test pits at the Eastern thermal field was analyzed by 16S rRNA library and pyrosequencing methods. It was found that the proportion of archaea in the microbial communities of the Uzon caldera ranges from 2 to over 70% of the total sequences identified. Crenarchaeota were found in large proportions in all samples except one. The majority of the sequences in four samples were affiliated with Euryarchaeota, which comprise methanogenic archaea, extreme halophiles, and some extreme thermophiles. The results of geological, mineralogical-geochemical, microbiological and physicochemical studies of oil seeps in the Uzon caldera reveal distinctive geochemical characteristics of crude oil and the complexity of oil formation.
The role of rocks saturated with metallic iron in the formation of ferric carbonate–silicate melts: experimental modeling under PT-conditions of lithospheric mantle
Authors: Bataleva Yu.V. , Palyanov Yu.N. , Sokol A.G. , Borzdov Yu.M. , Bayukov O.A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Experimental modeling of the processes of formation of ferric carbonate–silicate melts through the carbonate–oxide–metal interaction is performed in the (Mg,Ca)CO3–SiO2–Al2O3–Fe0 system at 6.3 and 7.5 GPa and within 1150-1650 °C, using a multianvil high-pressure apparatus of “split-sphere” type (BARS). Two parallel reactions run in the subsolidus region (1150-1450 °C): decarbonation, producing pyrope-almandine (Fe# = 0.40–0.75) and CO2 fluid, and redox interaction between carbonate and Fe0, resulting in the crystallization of iron carbide in assemblage with magnesiowustite (Fe# = 0.75–0.85). It is shown that the reduction of carbonate or CO2 fluid by iron carbide and parallel redox interaction of magnesiowustite with CO2 produce graphite in assemblage with Fe3+-containing magnesiowüstite. In the temperature range of 1450-1650 °C, generation of carbonate-silicate melts coexisting with pyrope-almandine, magnesiowustite, magnetite, ferrospinel, and graphite takes place. The composition of the produced melts is as follows: SiO2 = 10–15 wt.%, Ʃ(FeO + Fe2O3) = 36–43 wt.%, and Fe3+/ƩFe = 0.18–0.23. These Fe3+-enriched carbonate-silicate melts/fluids are saturated with carbon and are the medium of graphite crystallization. Oxide and silicate phases (almandine, ferrospinel, and magnetite) coexisting with graphite are also characterized by high Fe3+/ƩFe values. It has been established that Fe3+-enriched carbonate-silicate melts can result from the interaction of Fe0-containing rocks with carbonated rocks. In the reduced mantle (with the presence of iron carbides or oxides), melts of this composition can be the source of carbon and the medium of graphite crystallization at once. After separation and ascent, these ferric carbonate-silicate melts can favor oxidizing metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle.
Carbonatite metasomatism of peridotite lithospheric mantle: implications for diamond formation and carbonatite-kimberlite magmatism
Authors: Pokhilenko N.P. , Agashev A.M. , Litasov K.D. , Pokhilenko L.N. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Mineral inclusions in diamond record its origin at different depths, down to the lower mantle. However, most diamonds entrained with erupting kimberlite magma originate in lithospheric mantle. Lithospheric U-type diamonds crystallize during early metasomatism of reduced fO2 at the IW oxygen buffer) depleted peridotite in the roots of Precambrian cratons. Evidence of the metasomatic events comes from compositions of garnets in peridotitic xenoliths and inclusions in diamonds. On further interaction with carbonatitic melt, peridotite changes its composition, while diamond no longer forms in a more oxidized environment (fO2 near the CCO buffer). Silicate metasomatism of depleted peridotite (by basanite-like melts) does not induce diamond formation but may participate in generation of group I kimberlite. Low-degree (below 1%) partial melting of metasomatized peridotite produces a kimberlite-carbonatite magmatic assemblage, as in the case of the Snap Lake kimberlite dike. Occasionally, mantle metasomatism may occur as reduction reactions with carbonates and H2O giving rise to hydrocarbon compounds, though the origin of hydrocarbons in the deep mantle remains open to discussion. Melting experiments in carbonate systems show hydrous carbonated melts with low H2O to be the most plausible agents of mantle material transport. An experiment-based model implies melting of carbonates in subducting slabs within the mantle transition zone, leading to formation of carbonatitic diapirs, which can rise through the mantle by buoyancy according to the dissolution-precipitation mechanism. These processes, in turn, can form oxidized channels in the mantle and maintain diamond growth at the back of diapirs by reducing carbon from carbonated melts. When reaching the lithospheric base, such diapirs form a source of kimberlite and related magmas. The primary composition of kimberlite often approaches carbonatite with no more than 10–15% SiO2.
Evidence for phase transitions in mineral inclusions in superdeep diamonds of the São Luiz deposit (Brazil)
Authors: Zedgenizov D.A. , Shatsky V.S. , Panin A.V. , Evtushenko O.V. , Ragozin A.L. , Kagi H. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Evidence for phase transitions in mineral inclusions in superdeep diamonds of alluvial placers in the São Luiz River deposits (Brazil) is obtained by the electron backscatter diffraction technique. It has been shown that the crystal structure of superdeep diamonds is significantly deformed around inclusions of MgSi-, CaSi-, and CaTiSi-perovskites, SiO2 (stishovite?), and Mg2SiO4 (ringwoodite?). On the contrary, significant deformations around inclusions of olivine, ferropericlase, and majoritic garnet are not detected. The absence of deformation near these minerals reveals the lack of phase transitions with dramatic volume changes. The present study suggests that the formation of superdeep diamonds proceeds at different levels of the sublithospheric mantle, transition zone, and lower mantle.
A unique diamondiferous peridotite xenolith from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia: role of subduction in diamond formation
Authors: Logvinova A.M. , Taylor L.A. , Fedorova E.N. , Yelisseyev A.P. , Wirth R. , Howarth G. , Reutsky V.N. , Sobolev N.V. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A unique xenolith of diamond-bearing pyrope peridotite has been studied, which consists of enstatite (Al2O3 = 0.39–0.43 wt.%; Cr2O3 = 0.20–0.23 wt.%; FeO = 4.81–5.1 wt.%; average Mg# = 92.7) and pyrope (Cr2O3 = 4.43–5.11 wt.%; CaO = 4.15–4.8 wt.%; Mg# = 83.6–84.1). The xenolith is small (10.5 g) but contains more than 30,000 diamond microcrystals (10–700 µm). High-resolution 2D and 3D X-ray tomographic images show the volume ratios of rock-forming minerals and an uneven distribution of diamonds in the xenolith (enstatite—38 vol.%; pyrope—35 vol.%; diamond—9.5 vol.%; sulfides—4 vol.%; and the remainder being mainly alteration products), with diamonds and sulfides being localized in the same zone. The sulfides are pentlandite and djerfisherite. Isotope and FTIR spectroscopic studies showed an extremely light carbon isotope composition (δ13Cav = –22.9%c) of the diamonds and minor nitrogen impurities (&lt; 15 ppm) in them. Nitrogen is present mainly in aggregated form. The phase composition of nanoinclusions in the diamonds was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), including electron diffraction and analytical electron microscopy (AEM). It has been shown that all nanoinclusions are polyphase structures consisting of Mg–Al-silicate-enriched phases, Ca-carbonate, graphite, and fluid. The fluid phase has high concentrations of K, Cl, and O. The mineral inclusions in the diamonds are identified as high-Mg olivine. The data obtained indicate that the formation of diamonds in the studied xenolith was a one-act process and that the fluid/melt metasomatizing ultramafic substrate was of crustal origin. This testifies to the crucial role of deep metasomatic processes in the formation of the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe.
Multiple growth events in diamonds with cloudy microinclusions from the Mir kimberlite pipe: evidence from the systematics of optically active defects
Authors: Skuzovatov S.Yu. , Zedgenizov D.A. , Rakevich A.L. , Shatsky V.S. , Martynovich E.F. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We present new data on the main and additional optically active defects in diamonds with cloudy microinclusions from the Mir kimberlite pipe. It has been found that reshaping might have occurred either in a closed system with nitrogen and hydrogen depletion or owing to new portions of a diamond-forming fluid/melt. The internal structure and the distribution of optically active defects suggest both continuous growth of such diamonds and a multistage scenario with a series of postcrystallizational transformations, including resorption, high-temperature annealing, and degradation of nickel–nitrogen complexes.
FTIR mapping of diamond plates of eclogitic and peridotitic xenoliths from the Nyurbinskaya pipe, Yakutia: genetic implications
Authors: Spetsius Z.V. , Bogush I.N. , Kovalchuk O.E. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Results of studies of IR absorption and photo- and cathodoluminescence of diamonds from peridotitic and eclogitic xenoliths from the Nyurbinskaya pipe are presented. The internal structure of diamonds of different genesis and the changes in their impurity composition throughout the crystals are analyzed. A comparison is made for the spectral parameters of crystals from xenoliths of different genesis and from kimberlites of this pipe. The internal structure of 38 eclogitic and 4 peridotitic diamond (class –4 to +2 mm) crystals is examined on their 0.4–0.8 mm thick plane-parallel plates. We present results of a detailed study of diamonds with different characteristics from four eclogitic and two peridotitic xenoliths from the Nyurbinskaya pipe. Areal mapping of diamond plates from xenoliths showed varying contents of total nitrogen, its aggregates, and hydrogen and their zonal distribution in the investigated crystals. Peridotitic diamonds are characterized by low and medium nitrogen contents, a high degree of nitrogen aggregation, and low contents of hydrogen and seldom show signs of growth interruption. Eclogitic diamonds have high contents of nitrogen and hydrogen; there are many zoned diamonds with signs of multistage growth among them, which indicates that they are of several growth generations. The composition of inclusions, the distribution of nitrogen impurity, and the degree of nitrogen aggregation in diamonds testify to a predominance of eclogitic paragenesis crystals in the Nyurbinskaya pipe. The internal structure of eclogitic paragenesis crystals, the arrangement of diamonds in eclogitic xenoliths, and other facts argue for their later, compared with peridotitic xenolith diamonds, formation from fluid or fluid-melt during metasomatism. This determined the typomorphism of diamonds and high productivity of the pipe.
Virtual Reality Simulation Training for Ebola Deployment
Authors: Ragazzoni Luca , Ingrassia Pier Luigi , Echeverri Lina , Maccapani Fabio , Berryman Lizzy , Burkle Frederick M. , Della Corte Francesco 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBoth virtual and hybrid simulation training offer a realistic and effective educational framework and opportunity to provide virtual exposure to operational public health skills that are essential for infection control and Ebola treatment management. This training is designed to increase staff safety and create a safe and realistic environment where trainees can gain essential basic and advanced skills. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:543–546
NO CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE GETTIER CAR CASE INTUITION: A REPLICATION STUDY OF WEINBERG ET AL. 2001
Authors: Kim Minsun , Yuan Yuan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn “Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions” (NEI), Weinberg, Nichols and Stich famously argue from empirical data that East Asians and Westerners have different intuitions about Gettier-style cases. We attempted to replicate their study about the Gettier Car Case. Our study used the same methods and case taken verbatim, but sampled an East Asian population 2.5 times greater than NEI's 23 participants. We found no evidence supporting the existence of cross-cultural difference about the intuition concerning the case. Taken together with the failures of both of the existing replication studies (Nagel et al. 2013; Seyedsayamdost 2014), our data provide strong evidence that the purported cross-cultural difference in intuitions about Gettier-style cases does not exist.
A Framework for HI Spectral Source Finding Using Distributed-Memory Supercomputing
Authors: Westerlund Stefan , Harris Christopher 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe latest generation of radio astronomy interferometers will conduct all sky surveys with data products consisting of petabytes of spectral line data. Traditional approaches to identifying and parameterising the astrophysical sources within this data will not scale to datasets of this magnitude, since the performance of workstations will not keep up with the real-time generation of data. For this reason, it is necessary to employ high performance computing systems consisting of a large number of processors connected by a high-bandwidth network. In order to make use of such supercomputers substantial modifications must be made to serial source finding code. To ease the transition, this work presents the Scalable Source Finder Framework, a framework providing storage access, networking communication and data composition functionality, which can support a wide range of source finding algorithms provided they can be applied to subsets of the entire image. Additionally, the Parallel Gaussian Source Finder was implemented using SSoFF, utilising Gaussian filters, thresholding, and local statistics. PGSF was able to search on a 256GB simulated dataset in under 24 minutes, significantly less than the 8 to 12 hour observation that would generate such a dataset.
Understanding socio-economic inequalities in food choice behaviour: can Maslow's pyramid help?
Authors: van Lenthe Frank J. , Jansen Tessa , Kamphuis Carlijn B. M. 
Published: March 2015

Socio-economic groups differ in their material, living, working and social circumstances, which may result in different priorities about their daily-life needs, including the priority to make healthy food choices. Following Maslow's hierarchy of human needs, we hypothesised that socio-economic inequalities in healthy food choices can be explained by differences in the levels of need fulfilment. Postal survey data collected in 2011 (67·2 % response) from 2903 participants aged 20–75 years in the Dutch GLOBE (Gezondheid en Levens Omstandigheden Bevolking Eindhoven en omstreken) study were analysed. Maslow's hierarchy of human needs (measured with the Basic Need Satisfaction Inventory) was added to age- and sex-adjusted linear regression models that linked education and net household income levels to healthy food choices (measured by a FFQ). Most participants (38·6 %) were in the self-actualisation layer of the pyramid. This proportion was highest among the highest education group (47·6 %). Being in a higher level of the hierarchy was associated with a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as more healthy than unhealthy bread, snack and dairy consumption. Educational inequalities in fruit and vegetable intake (B= − 1·79, 95 % CI − 2·31, − 1·28 in the lowest education group) were most reduced after the hierarchy of needs score was included (B= − 1·57, 95 % CI − 2·09, − 1·05). Inequalities in other healthy food choices hardly changed after the hierarchy of needs score was included. People who are satisfied with higher-level needs make healthier food choices. Studies aimed at understanding socio-economic inequalities in food choice behaviour need to take differences in the priority given to daily-life needs by different socio-economic groups into account, but Maslow's pyramid offers little help.
Anthropometric, lifestyle and parental characteristics associated with the prevalence of energy intake misreporting in children: the GRECO (Greek Childhood Obesity) study
Authors: Farajian Paul , Bountziouka Vassiliki , Risvas Grigoris , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. , Zampelas Antonis 
Published: March 2015

The objectives of the present study were to identify childhood energy misreporting, and evaluate characteristics that are associated with its prevalence in a nationwide cross-sectional sample of Greek schoolchildren. Under the context of the GRECO (Greek Childhood Obesity) study, data from a total of 4547 children aged 10–12 years and 2318 parents were included in the analysis. Anthropometric, lifestyle and parental characteristics plus psychological concerns were investigated in relation to the prevalence of energy misreporting. Of the included children, 36 % were classified as energy under-reporters and 16 % as over-reporters. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important predictors of energy under-reporting (URP) were children's BMI (OR 1·11, 95 % CI 1·09, 1·14) and weight satisfaction (OR 0·87, 95 % CI 0·78, 0·97). In the case of energy over-reporting (ORP), children's BMI (OR 0·87, 95 % CI 0·84, 0·90), meal and snack consumption frequency (OR 1·52, 95 % CI 1·32, 1·75), female sex (OR 0·65, 95 % CI 0·45, 0·90), and maternal education (OR 0·95, 95 % CI 0·91, 0·99) remained as significant predictors. Additionally, parental perception that the body weight of their children was normal reduced the odds of URP (OR 0·69, 95 % CI 0·48, 0·99) and ORP (OR 0·53, 95 % CI 0·31, 0·93). In conclusion, the present study confirms that the issue of URP and ORP in childhood populations is evident and quite serious. Although there are no definite guidelines on how to use data obtained from misreporters in an epidemiological dataset, validity of reported energy intake seems to be influenced by children's BMI and weight satisfaction, as well as by parental perceptions regarding their children's weight.
Ability of self-reported estimates of dietary sodium, potassium and protein to detect an association with general and abdominal obesity: comparison with the estimates derived from 24 h urinary excretion
Authors: Murakami Kentaro , Livingstone M. Barbara E. , Sasaki Satoshi , Uenishi Kazuhiro ,   the Japan Dietetic Students' Study for Nutrition and Biomarkers Group
Published: March 2015

As under-reporting of dietary intake, particularly by overweight and obese subjects, is common in dietary surveys, biases inherent in the use of self-reported dietary information may distort true diet–obesity relationships or even create spurious ones. However, empirical evidence of this possibility is limited. The present cross-sectional study compared the relationships of 24 h urine-derived and self-reported intakes of Na, K and protein with obesity. A total of 1043 Japanese women aged 18–22 years completed a 24 h urine collection and a self-administered diet history questionnaire. After adjustment for potential confounders, 24 h urine-derived Na intake was associated with a higher risk of general obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 80 cm; both P for trend = 0·04). For 24 h urine-derived protein intake, positive associations with general and abdominal obesity were observed (P for trend = 0·02 and 0·053, respectively). For 24 h urine-derived K intake, there was an inverse association with abdominal obesity (P for trend = 0·01). Conversely, when self-reported dietary information was used, only inverse associations between K intake and general and abdominal obesity were observed (P for trend = 0·04 and 0·02, respectively), with no associations of Na or protein intake. In conclusion, we found positive associations of Na and protein intakes and inverse associations of K intake with obesity when using 24 h urinary excretion for estimating dietary intakes. However, no association was observed based on using self-reported dietary intakes, except for inverse association of K intake, suggesting that the ability of self-reported dietary information using the diet history questionnaire for investigating diet–obesity relationships is limited.
Playback of felid growls mitigates crop-raiding by elephantsElephas maximusin southern India
Authors: Thuppil Vivek , Coss Richard G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe attempted to deter crop-raiding elephantsElephas maximusby using playbacks of threatening vocalizations such as felid growls and human shouts. For this purpose, we tested two sound-playback systems in southern India: a wireless, active infrared beam-triggered system to explore the effects of night-time uncertainty in elephants' assessment of predatory threats, and a passive infrared motion detector-triggered system for closer-range playbacks. Using the first system, we deterred 90% of crop-raiding attempts using tigerPanthera tigrisgrowls, 72.7% using leopardPanthera pardusgrowls, and 57.1% using human shouts, with no statistically significant difference among the three sounds. Using the second system, playbacks of tiger and lionPanthera leogrowls deterred 100 and 83.3% of crop-raiding attempts, respectively, with no statistically reliable difference between the two, although video evidence indicated that elephants were more fearful of tiger growls. Our results indicate that playbacks of threatening sounds can be effective in mitigating human–elephant conflict, particularly in bolstering existing deterrent methods.