bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infection triggers for acute myocardial infarction and stroke: Systematic review protocol
Authors: Nguyen Tu Quan , Vlasenko Diana , Shetty Aishwarya N. , Reid Christopher M. , Clothier Hazel J. , Buttery Jim P. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Cardiovascular disease contributes substantially to global mortality and morbidity. Respiratory tract infections, particularly influenza, may trigger an increase in the short-term risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke. Recent studies have also linked this risk to other respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the pathogen-specific relative contributions, the strength of their associations, and overall public health significance are poorly understood. Assuming causal links, understanding, quantifying, and comparing the effects of different pathogens as triggering factors for acute cardiovascular events is critical to guide future research and prevention. Our aim is to conduct a systematic review to examine the relative effects of laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus infections as triggers for acute myocardial infarction and stroke.

Methods
We will conduct a comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science, from inception to the end of March 2024. Studies capturing respiratory viral infection(s) using laboratory-confirmatory methods, incidence of AMI or stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic), and those involving human participants in any country, will be assessed for eligibility. We will include the following analytical epidemiological study types: randomised controlled trials, cohort and case-control studies, self-controlled case series, and case-crossover designs. We will not impose restrictions on the date, language, study population, geographical region, or sample size, to minimise the risk of introducing biases. Search results will be screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers, and discrepancies resolved by consensus and/or arbitration by a third reviewer. We will assess the risk of bias among the included studies by adopting the Cochrane Collaboration tools for randomised and non-randomised studies. The overall quality of studies will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. We will examine sources of heterogeneity, and if studies are sufficiently homogeneous, a meta-analysis will be conducted to calculate the pooled effect sizes. Reporting will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Registration
International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration number: CRD42024494997.
Investigating medication adherence among Taiwanese patient with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes: A pilot study using the Chinese version of a Two-Part Medication Nonadherence Scale and the NHI MediCloud system
Authors: Lin Ya-Wen , Chen Pei-Chun , Lin Che-Huei , Lin Ming-Hung 
Published: July 2024

Background
This pilot study aimed to investigate medication nonadherence among Taiwanese patients with diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia using the Chinese version of the Two-Part Medication Nonadherence Scale (C-TPMNS) and the National Health Insurance (NHI) Medicloud system. The study revealed insights into the factors contributing to nonadherence and the implications for improving patient adherence to medications for chronic conditions. However, the small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, the study identified the need for further research with larger and more diverse samples to validate the preliminary findings.

Methods
The study conducted surveys individuals in central Taiwan who received three-high medications and those who returned expired medications from chain pharmacies. A structured questionnaire including the C-TPMNS was administered, and additional data on medical history and HbA1c, LDL, and blood pressure levels were collected from the NHI Medicloud system. Data analysis was performed using multiple ordered logistic regression and Wald test methods. Setting interpretation cutoff point to determine medication nonadherence.

Results
The study found that 25.8% of participants were non-adherent to prescribed medications. Non-adherent individuals had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg) than adherent participants. Non-adherence was also associated with factors such as lower education, single status, living alone, abnormal glucose postprandial concentration, and triglyceride levels. The C-TPMNS demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.816) and validity (area under the ROC curve = 0.72).

Conclusion
The study highlighted the complexity of medication nonadherence with diverse determinants and emphasized the importance of tailored interventions. The findings underscored the need for region-specific research to comprehensively address medication nonadherence, especially focusing on adherence to medications for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. The study also identified the need for larger, more diverse studies to validate and expand upon the initial findings and emphasized the importance of pharmacist interventions and patient empowerment in managing chronic conditions and improving overall health outcomes.
Trends over 50 years with liberal abortion laws in the Nordic countries
Authors: Skjeldestad Finn Egil , Gissler Mika , Geirsson Reynir Tómas , Heino Anna , Sigbjörnsdottir Hildur Björk , Akerkar Rupali , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Heikinheimo Oskari , Løkeland Mette 
Published: July 2024

Background
During the 1970s the Nordic countries liberalized their abortion laws.

Objective
We assessed epidemiological trends for induced abortion on all Nordic countries, considered legal similarities and diversities, effects of new medical innovations and changes in practical and legal provisions during the subsequent years.

Methods
New legislation strengthened surveillance of induced abortion in all countries and mandated hospitals that performed abortions to report to national abortion registers. Published data from the Nordic abortion registers were considered and new comparative analyses done. The data cover complete national populations.

Results and conclusions
After an increase in abortion rates during the first years following liberalization, the general abortion rates stabilized and even decreased in all Nordic countries, especially for women under 25 years. From the mid-1980s higher awareness about pregnancy termination led women to present at an earlier gestational age, which was accelerated by the introduction of medical abortion some years later. Most terminations (80–86%) are now done before the 9th gestational week in all countries, primarily by medical rather than surgical means. Introduction of routine ultrasound screening in pregnancy during the late 1980s, increased the number of 2nd trimester abortions on fetal anomaly indications without an overall increase in the proportion of 2nd relative to 1st trimester abortions. Further refinement of ultrasound screening and non-invasive prenatal diagnostic methods led to a slight increase in the proportion of early 2nd trimester abortions after the year 2000. Country-specific differences in abortion rates have remained stable over the 50 years of liberalized abortion laws.
Higher levels of IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, and fractalkine are associated with 90-day mortality in 132 non-immunomodulated hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Rabøl Andersen Liv , Hindsberger Bettina , Bastrup Israelsen Simone , Pedersen Lise , Bela Szecsi Pal , Benfield Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Immune dysregulation with an excessive release of cytokines has been identified as a key driver in the development of severe COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial cytokine profile associated with 90-day mortality and respiratory failure in a cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID 19 that did not receive immunomodulatory therapy.

Methods
Levels of 45 cytokines were measured in blood samples obtained at admission from patients with confirmed COVID-19. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the association between cytokine levels and outcomes. The primary outcome was death within 90 days from admission and the secondary outcome was need for mechanical ventilation.

Results
A total of 132 patients were included during the spring of 2020. We found that one anti-inflammatory cytokine, one pro-inflammatory cytokine, and five chemokines were associated with the odds of 90-day mortality, specifically: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-3α, macrophage inflammatory protein-3β, and fractalkine. All but fractalkine were also associated with the odds of respiratory failure during admission. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 showed the strongest estimate of association with both outcomes.

Conclusion
We showed that one anti-inflammatory cytokine, one pro-inflammatory cytokine, and five chemokines were associated with 90-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 that did not receive immunomodulatory therapy.
Practices for preventing Hepatitis B infection among health science students in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kitil Gemeda Wakgari , Dubale Abiy Tasew , Shibabaw Adamu Ambachew , Chereka Alex Ayenew 
Published: July 2024

Background
Hepatitis B virus infection remains a significant public health concern globally, particularly among healthcare workers, including health science students who are at high risk due to their exposure to infected patients and contaminated medical equipment. In Ethiopia, where the burden of HBV infection is substantial, preventive practices among health science students are critical for minimizing transmission and ensuring a healthy workforce. However, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence regarding the effectiveness of these practices specifically among this population in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of preventive measures for Hepatitis B infection among Health Science Students in Ethiopia.

Methods
This study followed the guidelines outlined in the PRISMA checklist and focused on research conducted within Ethiopia. Seven relevant studies were identified through comprehensive searches across various databases including Google, Medline, PubMed, and Scholar. Data retrieval was systematically conducted using a checklist, and analysis was performed using STATA version 14. Heterogeneity was assessed using both the Cochrane Q test and the I2 statistic. Additionally, publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s weighted regression, a funnel plot, and Begg’s test.

Results
In this meta-analysis and systematic review, we identified a total of 515 research articles, of which seven studies met the eligibility criteria for analysis. The overall pooled magnitude of practices aimed at preventing Hepatitis B infection among Health Science Students in Ethiopia was 41.21% (95% CI: 30.81–51.62). Factors significantly associated with these practices included better understanding of Hepatitis B infection prevention (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.20–3.29), age group 20–24 years (OR = 5.79, 95% CI: 2.43–13.78), needle stick injury exposure (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.10–10.70), and students enrolled in medicine or public health officer departments (OR = 4.20, 95% CI: 2.65–6.65).

Conclusion
Our analysis indicates that only 41.21% of Health Science students in Ethiopia adhere to Hepatitis B prevention practices. To improve these practices, it is essential to mandate vaccination, provide targeted training on infection prevention, and increase awareness of vaccine uptake. Tailored educational programs should equip students with practical strategies. Additionally, intelligent interventions must address factors influencing preventive practices. Collaboration between institutions and ongoing monitoring is crucial to ensuring success.
In Search of Soldiers: Yemen as a Military Recruiting Ground for the Italian Colonial Army, 1903–1918
Authors: Zaccaria Massimo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
When faced with the problem of setting up their colonial troops in Somalia, the Italians adopted a rigid quota system. According to the Regulations of the Royal Colonial Corps of Somalia of 1906, only 10 percent of the available positions were reserved for Somalis. Another 20 percent of the troops was reserved for “people of other races,” whereas the remaining 70 percent had to be made up of “Arab” soldiers from Yemen and the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. When other colonial armies, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, were unable to reach such percentages, they filled the gaps in their ranks with a large number of “foreigners.” This article looks at why this situation arose and how these men were recruited, investigating the world of transnational enlistment in an area stretching from Benadir to the southern Red Sea. The phenomenon is analyzed through the prism of labor and mobility history, two approaches that allow us to grasp aspects and characteristics that military history alone would be hard-pressed to bring to light. The article argues that for many men, being a soldier was not a life-long choice but rather a form of stopgap employment in a system that suffered from a chronic labor shortage. This strong labor shortage sparked fierce competition among the colonial powers, which, to secure the required manpower, inevitably had to compete with other colonial powers by offering more desirable contracts. Taking advantage of the greater ease of movement and the high demand for work, some inhabitants of this region had an edge in negotiating their terms of service.
Listening to Electric Miles
Authors: Brackett David 
Published: July 2024

This project considers a case study from the archive of modern recorded jazz—Miles Davis’s Jack Johnson (1971)—as a means to address the collaborative aesthetic, technical, and social dimensions of record production. The release of The Complete Jack Johnson Sessions (2003) contains a number of alternate takes and “inserts” that were cut up and spliced together to create extended tracks on several albums by Davis released from 1971 to 1974. Drawing on recent work in popular music studies, ethnomusicology, and studies in the art of record production, I ask how this studio collaboration affects our notions of authorship and creativity in jazz. In other words, what is the relationship between the countless decisions in the studio and the sound that results? I will study studio practices and interactions in an integrated fashion, bringing together technological, practical, social, and creative/artistic components through a detailed consideration of the construction of a specific track from the album, “Yesternow.” The study of this little-discussed album by a canonical artist allows us to show how a specific approach to recording, as well as changes in recording technology, can be correlated with sonic and formal differences, and social relations.
Becoming Ella Fitzgerald’s Biographer
Authors: Mueller Darren , Tick Judith 
Published: July 2024

Oral interview from March 13, 2024, W 35th St. in New York City, expanded and edited in June 2024.
Becoming Ella Fitzgerald: The Jazz Singer Who Transformed American Song. by Judith Tick. New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 2023. 592pp. $40.00.
Physical activity and mental health trends in Korean adolescents: Analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2018 to 2022
Authors: Kim Kyungsik , Zhou Zixiang , Ren Xiao , Bu Xiuxiu , Jia Xiaodai , Shao Qingyang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Mental health significantly affects the physical and emotional development of adolescents. The aim of the current study was to examine how physical activity (PA) and mental health among Korean adolescents changed before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We used comparative cross-sectional methods, gathering information from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency databases and conducting Chi-square testing and correlation analysis for evaluation.

Results
The findings indicate that before and during the pandemic, participation in both moderate- and high-intensity PA, as well as strength training, mitigated stress, depression, and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, the findings confirm the beneficial effects of various physical activities on mental well-being.

Conclusions
These insights emphasize the vital role of regular PA in improving mental health among adolescents, particularly during a health crisis such as the pandemic.
Eigenpairs of adjacency matrices of balanced signed graphs
Authors: Chen Mei-Qin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article, we study eigenvalues

λ

\lambda

and their associated eigenvectors

x

x

of the adjacency matrices

A

A

of balanced signed graphs. Balanced signed graphs were first introduced and studied by Harary to handle a problem in social psychology. Harary showed in 1953 that a signed graph is balanced if and only if its vertex set

V

V

can be divided into two sets (either of which may be empty),

X

X

and

Y

Y

, so that each edge between the sets is negative and each within a set is positive. Based on this fundamental theorem for the balanced signed graphs, vertices of a balanced signed graph can be labeled in a way so that its adjacency matrix is well structured. Using this special structure, we find algebraically all eigenvalues and their associated eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix

A

A

of a given balanced signed graph. We present in this study eigenpairs

(

λ
,
x

)

\left(\lambda ,x)

of adjacency matrices of balanced signed graphs with some special structures.
One of the Earliest English Jelly Moulds?
Authors: Brears Peter 
Published: July 2024

Before the introduction of the fine white salt-glazed Staffordshire stoneware moulds in the 1740s, most recipes turned their liquid mixtures into bowls, dishes, china cups or wine glasses, or else into scallop shells, egg shells, orange or lemon peels, or pastry cases, and left them to set. In this short report, the author presents drawings of draw a rare, possibly unique example of a wooden flummery/jelly mould which, from its construction and style of turning, appears to date from the late seventeenth to the early eighteenth century.
Spiritual Quest of Ukrainian Thinkers of the 16th – Early 17th Centuries in the Context of the Doctrine of Theosis
Authors: Hudzenko O. G. , Dobrodum O. V. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The main purpose of this research is to analyse and study the development of individual spirituality within the context of theosis doctrine in the religious-anthropological studies of Ukrainian philosophers from the 16th to the beginning of the 17th century. Theoretical basis. The basis of the research is determined by modern methodological approaches to examining the correlation between philosophical and religious visions regarding the representation of views on deification among representatives of contemporary global philosophical-religious thought, as well as among representatives of Ukrainian religious-philosophical thought of the 16th and early 17th century. Originality. The paper analyses the unique views of Ukrainian thinkers on the role of theosis in shaping individual spirituality. Conclusions. The spiritual development of individuals, according to contemporary religious-philosophical authors and Ukrainian thinkers from the 16th to the 17th centuries, consists of self-discovery and moral growth as a means of approaching God. This serves as the basis for understanding human sanctity and life purpose, where the path to God is linked with renouncing worldly desires and striving for union with Him. The state of theosis is perceived as a personal experience, a collaboration between humans and God. The primary purpose of asceticism is to attain grace, which leads to the transformation of will. The doctrine of theosis influences the formation of a theocratic idea in culture and expands the understanding of internal experience due to the pursuit of spirituality. Theosis is a transformation of anthropological reality that goes beyond natural limits. This process constitutes a stage of spiritual growth that involves cultivating fear of sin, self-observation, and overcoming passions. One of its key aspects is interpreting closeness to God as cooperation between humans and the Divine, crucial for realizing divine grace. Considering the question of theosis draws attention to the importance of spiritual values and the search for meaning in life, especially in complex and unpredictable circumstances accompanying military conflicts, which Ukraine is currently facing.
Histologic and genetic features of remodeling of tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular grafts: outcomes of six-month implantation in a sheep model
Authors: Senokosova E. A. , Krivkina E. O. , Velikanova E. A. , Sinitskaya A. V. , Mironov A. V. , Shabaev A. R. , Khanova M. Yu. , Torgunakova E. A. , Antonova L. V. 
Published: July 2024

Surface modification of polymeric scaffolds with drugs to avoid thrombus formation and infection is a promising area in tissue engineering, which also makes it possible to accelerate the remodeling of such scaffolds and improve long-term patency.The objective of this paper is to study the histologic and genetic features of remodeling of tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) with antithrombogenic drug-coated and reinforced external scaffolds, implanted into a sheep carotid artery.Materials and methods. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrices, ∅4 mm in diameter, were fabricated via electrospinning, followed by creation of a reinforcing spiral PCL scaffold on their outer surface by extrusion. To prevent thrombus formation and infection, the fabricated grafts were modified with iloprost and cationic amphiphile by complexation through polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The work was carried out to evaluate, by infrared spectroscopy, the formation of PVP-based coating, to study the physical and mechanical properties of the grafts in longitudinal and transverse directions, and to implant the vascular grafts (VGs) into a sheep carotid artery. To assess and control the patency of the implanted grafts, Doppler ultrasound was performed at days 1 and 5, then at 1, 3 and 6 months. The explanted samples were studied via histological and immunofluorescent analyses; gene expression profile was evaluated.Results. Ultrasound on days 1 and 5 after implantation showed the patency of vascular grafts to be 100%. At 1 month, the patency decreased to 83.3%; patency was 50% by the end of the implantation period (6 months), without aneurysm formation and detachment of the reinforcing scaffold. Histological and immunofluorescence studies of patent grafts showed the formation of a newly formed three-layer vascular tissue structure on their basis, without signs of inflammation and calcification. However, despite the structural similarity between the newly formed vascular tissue and the native tissue of a sheep carotid artery, analysis of the gene expression profile revealed some differences in terms of genetic profile: CNN and SNA12 expression levels in the neotissue decreased, and those of CTSB, TNFa, and TGFb increased.Conclusion. Modified polymeric vascular scaffolds showed good remodeling of the prosthetic wall, without aneurysm formation. The identified genetic differences between newly formed tissue and native tissue are logical in view of formation on the basis of the artificial polymeric scaffold. Further research on reinforced polymeric scaffolds will be aimed at improving the inner surface in order to improve their thromboresistance.