bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low vitamin D levels are associated with symptoms of depression in young adult males
Authors: Black Lucinda J , Jacoby Peter , Allen Karina L , Trapp Gina S , Hart Prue H , Byrne Susan M , Mori Trevor A , Beilin Lawrence J , Oddy Wendy H 
Published: November 2013

Objective: Results from studies examining associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and depressive symptoms are equivocal. We investigated the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based sample of young adults participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Methods: Participants provided a blood sample at the 20-year follow-up (March 2010-April 2012) for the measurement of serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Mental health symptoms were assessed using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and total DASS-21 scores and subscale scores of depression, anxiety and stress were explored in males and females using negative binomial regression, adjusting for age, race, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity ( n=735). Models examining subscale scores were also adjusted for the other subscale scores. Results: After adjusting for confounders, an increase in serum 25(OH)D concentrations of 10 nmol/L decreased total DASS-21 scores in males by 9% (rate ratio (RR) 0.91; 95%CI 0.87,0.95; p<0.001) and depression subscale scores in males by 8% (RR 0.92; 95%CI 0.87,0.96; p=0.001). However, in adjusted models there were no significant associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and symptoms of anxiety and stress in males. There were no significant associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in females. Conclusions: We found an association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and symptoms of depression, but not anxiety and stress, in males. Randomised controlled trials are necessary to determine any benefit of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms in young adults.
From design to interpretation: Lessons from a public health campaign promoting physical activity
Authors: Goodwin Denise May , Peerbhoy Denise , Murphy Rebecca , Stratton Gareth 
Published: November 2013

Objective: Rising inactivity has led to an increase in health promotion campaigns aimed at encouraging healthy behaviour change. While this has become common place, often practices advised by social marketing to maximise effectiveness are overlooked. This study investigates the development and effectiveness of one particular physical activity public health campaign implemented in Liverpool, United Kingdom (UK). A formative evaluation feedback session was included to communicate findings back to key stakeholders to reflect on the experience and identify learning points for future campaigns. Design: Based on a pragmatic paradigm the study was conducted in three parts: (1) campaign designer interview; (2) public on-street survey; and (3) stakeholder formative evaluation feedback session. Setting: The context of this study was Liverpool, UK. Method: Deductive content analysis was guided by key themes of the campaign design, including the poster image, tagline, main text, and overall layout. Results: The design team had aimed for a ‘tongue in cheek’ image and message on which to base the campaign. However, the public survey suggests that the campaign largely failed to translate the proposed message and reach the intended Liverpool population. Formative evaluation feedback highlighted a lack of application of social marketing principles in campaign development, in particular audience targeting and pilot assessment. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of the inclusion of social marketing principles in the development of health promotion campaigns in an attempt to aid audience understanding and adoption of the desired health behaviour.
Children with Limited Oral Opening Can Be Safely Managed without a Tracheostomy
Authors: Meyers Jason A. , Sidman James 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo describe airway management of children with limited oral opening that does not allow for routine orotracheal intubation by direct laryngoscopy. To analyze the incidence and outcome of airway compromise or loss in patients without a tracheostomy in place.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary children's hospital.SubjectsChildren with limited oral opening that does not allow for routine orotracheal intubation.MethodsChildren treated at Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota from 1997 to 2012 with severe trismus were identified and included in the study. Hospital and clinic records were reviewed.ResultsTen children (mean age, 13 years; range, 7‐17 years) were identified for inclusion into the study. A total of 109 operations requiring general anesthesia (average of 10.9 per patient; range, 0‐23) were performed on patients without a tracheostomy in place. Flexible fiber‐optic nasotracheal intubation was performed in 58 cases. The remainder of airway control was by mask ventilation (33 cases), various methods of orotracheal intubation (10 cases), unknown (6 cases), and laryngeal mask airway (2 cases). There was a total of 118 patient‐years of follow‐up without a tracheostomy tube in place (average of 11.8 years per patient). During this period, there were no episodes of acute airway compromise that resulted in neurologic deficits.ConclusionChildren with limited oral opening that does not allow for routine orotracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy may be safely managed without a tracheostomy, even when the child requires frequent procedures under general anesthesia.
Endogenous gas formation of carbon dioxide used for wound flooding – an experimental study with implications regarding gas microembolism during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Lindholm L , Engström KG 
Published: November 2013

Background: Gas microembolisation is an identified risk in cardiac surgery. Flooding the wound with carbon dioxide is a method proposed to reduce this problem. The high solubility of carbon dioxide is beneficial, but may also cause problems. The gas solubility diminishes at warming and endogenous bubbles are formed when cold blood saturated with carbon dioxide is returned by cardiotomy suction. Methods: The release of endogenous gas was measured at high resolution in an experimental digital model. A medium (water or blood) was incubated and equilibrated with gas (100% carbon dioxide or air) at a low temperature (10°C or 23°C). The temperature was increased to 37°C and the gas release was measured, at rest and at fluid motion. Results: The amount of carbon dioxide released at warming was substantial for both water and blood (both p=0.005). The effect was more pronounced when the temperature differential increased (p=0.005). However, blood and water differed in these terms: with water, the release of carbon-dioxide started instantly at warming; with blood, carbon dioxide remained dissolved and was released at fluid motion. When blood was warmed from 10°C to 37°C, the gas release corresponded to 44.4% (40.6/46.5) of the medium volume (median with quartile range). Conclusion: Gas dissolved in a medium becomes released at warming, as confirmed here. Blood exposed to carbon dioxide became heavily oversaturated at warming, with the gas instantly released at fluid motion. The amount of contained gas increased with a higher temperature differential. Our study has relevance to wound flushing, using carbon dioxide, in cardiac surgery. The clinical consequences of these findings remain to be answered.
Percutaneous embolization of symptomatic dissecting aneurysms of the celiac artery
Authors: Perini Paolo , Baque Jean , Chau Yves , Sedat Jacques , Batt Michel 
Published: November 2013

Background Isolated spontaneous dissection of visceral arteries, not associated with aortic dissection, is a rare condition. To date, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment strategy. Purpose To investigate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of percutaneous embolization for the treatment of isolated and symptomatic dissecting aneurysm of the celiac artery. Material and Methods From March 2010 to October 2011, four patients were diagnosed at our institution with symptomatic dissecting aneurysm of the celiac trunk. All patients had acute abdominal pain, two had intra-abdominal hemorrhage and bleeding shock. Three patients underwent elective “trapping” embolization of the celiac trunk with Amplatzer vascular plugs in the hepatic and splenic artery and celiac trunk, and coils in left gastric artery. One patient had a splenic artery rupture and underwent selective embolization of this vessel with platinum-fiber coils. Results Angiography and postoperative CT scan confirmed artery occlusion after embolization in all cases. Revascularization of celiac trunk branches was obtained via collaterals. No procedure-related adverse events occurred during follow-up (median, 4.5 months; range, 3–24 months) and vessel occlusion was maintained. Conclusion Isolated and symptomatic dissecting aneurysm of the celiac trunk can be successfully managed by embolization techniques with good short- to mid-term results.
Bleeding after expandable nitinol stent placement in patients with esophageal and upper gastrointestinal obstruction: incidence, management, and predictors
Authors: Oh Se Jin , Song Ho-Young , Nam Deok Ho , Ko Heung Kyu , Park Jung-Hoon , Na Han Kyu , Lee Jong Jin , Kang Min Kyoung 
Published: November 2013

Background Placement of self-expandable nitinol stents is useful for the treatment of esophageal and upper gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction. However, complications such as stent migration, tumor overgrowth, and bleeding occur. Although stent migration and tumor overgrowth are well documented in previous studies, the occurrence of bleeding has not been fully evaluated. Purpose To evaluate the incidence, management strategies, and predictors of bleeding after placement of self-expandable nitinol stents in patients with esophageal and upper GI obstruction. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and results of computed tomography and endoscopy of 1485 consecutive patients with esophageal and upper GI obstructions who underwent fluoroscopically guided stent placement. Results Bleeding occurred in 25 of 1485 (1.7%) patients 0 to 348 days after stent placement. Early stent-related bleeding occurred in 10 patients (40%) and angiographic embolization was used for 5/10. Late bleeding occurred in 15 patients (60%) and endoscopic hemostasis was used for 7/15. Twenty-two of 25 (88%) patients with bleeding had received prior radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Conclusion Bleeding is a rare complication after placement of expandable nitinol stents in patients with esophageal and upper GI obstruction, but patients with early bleeding may require embolization for control. Care must be exercised on placing stents in patients who have received prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
Measuring Empathetic Care
Authors: Lamberton Cait M. , Leana Carrie R. , Williams John M. 
Published: November 2013

Purpose: This study describes the development of a self-report survey measure of empathetic care. Empathetic care is defined as caregiving that supports clients’ socioemotional capabilities and addresses their emotional needs. It is distinct from instrumental care, which involves assisting with physical needs such as activities of daily living. Design and Method: Based on a literature review, structured interviews, and focus groups, we identify three dimensions of empathetic care: extra-role behavior, emotional support, and relational richness. We then developed a large pool of items that could tap into these dimensions and administered versions of the survey to nearly 300 health care paraprofessionals. Results: After performing exploratory factor analyses on a larger survey of 138 paraprofessionals, a 10-item, three-factor measure, the Empathetic Care Scale (ECS), was developed that predicts decisions on consequential allocation scenarios. A second sample of 125 paraprofessionals provided data for a confirmatory factor analysis; results suggested that the ECS has desirable psychometric properties and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Further samples demonstrated acceptable levels of test-retest reliability and no social desirability bias. Implications: This study provides a short self-report measure that can be used to gauge care workers’ individual levels of empathetic care. Future research can use this measure to explore relationships between ECS responses and previously proposed but untested outcomes such as patient well-being and employee burnout or turnover rates.
An evaluation of nurses’ professional autonomy in Turkey
Authors: Baykara Zehra Göçmen , Şahinoğlu Serap 
Published: November 2013

Background: The development of a profession’s autonomy closely relates to that profession’s level of autonomy in performing its specific role. For the nursing profession, this key role is nursing care. Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate the professional autonomy of nurses in care provision, from an ethical perspective. Research design: A mixed methods approach is employed in this research, which makes use of both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative dimension of this research covers sociodemographic aspects and makes use of the Sociotropy–Autonomy Scale. The qualitative dimension of the research relates to the factors that affect professional autonomy in nursing care. Participants and research context: The sample consisted of 30 nurses working in the orthopedics, neurology, or intensive care units of three hospitals. Ethical considerations: Before conducting this research, we received permission from the ethical committee, as well as written permits from all the institutions in which the research was carried out. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Findings: According to the findings of this study, only 6.7% of the nurses surveyed stated that nurses had professional autonomy; they also stated that professional autonomy in nursing was mostly restricted by the need to be “dependent upon the physician in nursing implementations” and that autonomy in nursing care was mostly limited by a “high number of patients per nurse.” Discussion: This study determined that delays in resolving problems with regard to professional autonomy in nursing care in Turkey could be creating many of the professional and ethical problems that nurses face there. Conclusion: It is recommended that: individuals choose the nursing profession conscientiously; nurses need to be given professional awareness; their professional organizations need to be strengthened; and plans need to be made to increase research and to accumulate both knowledge and expertise.
Imperfect informed consent for prenatal screening: Lessons from the Quad screen
Authors: Constantine ML , Allyse M , Wall M , Vries R De , Rockwood TH 
Published: November 2013

Objective The study evaluated patient informed consent (IC) for the Quad screen and examined differences in IC between test acceptors and test refusers. A multidimensional model of IC was used. Methods Women seeking prenatal care at nine obstetrics clinics in a large Midwestern city completed surveys between February and December 2006. Surveys contained measures for three dimensions of IC: intention, understanding and controlling influence. Results 56.2% of women did not meet criteria for all three of our dimensions of IC and therefore failed to give it. The failure rate was higher among women who choose to screen (72.6%) than women who choose not screen (50%) (p < 0.001). Women who met all criteria for IC were over three times less likley to choose to screen (or = 0.32, CI 0.17–0.62 ( p < 0.01)) than women who did not meet criteria for IC. Conclusion The decision to screen for fetal anomalies is less of a deliberated action than the decision not to screen. Women who lack a fundamental understanding of the purpose and nature of the screen may be operating on the belief that the screen is part of standard care and presents no need to deliberate.
Reverse Fox Test for Detecting Visuospatial Dysfunction Corresponding to Parietal Hypoperfusion in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Tabuchi Hajime , Konishi Mika , Saito Nao , Kato Motoichiro , Mimura Masaru 
Published: November 2013

Background/Aim: We developed a novel visuospatial clinical task to detect parietal dysfunction in mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: A total of 65 outpatients, including 47 with mild AD and 18 cognitively and neuroradiologically normal individuals with subjective memory impairment (NL), performed the “Reverse Fox” test and underwent brain single photon emission tomography. Patients with AD were divided into subgroups according to the results of the Reverse Fox test (successful vs unsuccessful). Results: Success in the Reverse Fox test was achieved by 31.9% of patients with AD and 94.4% of NL. The unsuccessful AD subgroup had reduced perfusion of the medial parietal and bilateral temporoparietal regions compared with the successful AD subgroup. Conclusions: Failure in the Reverse Fox test was related to parietal hypoperfusion in patients with mild AD. Our findings suggest that the Reverse Fox test may be one of the useful supporting tools for detecting mild AD at outpatient clinic.
Detection of spontaneous tumorigenic transformation during culture expansion of human mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Pan Qiuwei , Fouraschen Suomi MG , de Ruiter Petra E , Dinjens Winand NM , Kwekkeboom Jaap , Tilanus Hugo W , van der Laan Luc JW 
Published: November 2013

Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been explored in a number of clinical trials as a possible method of treating various diseases. However, the effect of long-term cell expansion in vitro on physiological function and genetic stability is still poorly understood. In this study, MSC cultures derived from bone marrow and liver were evaluated for the presence of aberrant cells following long-term expansion. In 46 independent cultures, four batches of transformed MSCs (TMCs) were found, which were all beyond the culture period of five weeks. These aberrant cells were first identified based on the appearance of abnormal cytology and the acquirement of growth advantage. Despite common MSC markers being diminished or absent, TMCs remain highly susceptible to lysis by allogenic natural killer (NK) cells. When transplanted into immunodeficient mice, TMCs formed sarcoma-like tumors, whereas parental MSCs did not form tumors in mice. Using a combination of high-resolution genome-wide DNA array and short-tandem repeat profiling, we confirmed the origin of TMCs and excluded the possibility of human cell line contamination. Additional genomic duplication and deletions were observed in TMCs, which may be associated with the transformation event. Using gene and microRNA expression arrays, a number of genes were identified that were differentially expressed between TMCs and their normal parental counterparts, which may potentially serve as biomarkers to screen cultures for evidence of early transformation events. In conclusion, the spontaneous transformation of MSCs resulting in tumorigenesis is rare and occurs after relatively long-term (beyond five weeks) culture. However, as an added safety measure, cultures of MSCs can potentially be screened based on a novel gene expression signature.
Augmentation of LPS-induced vascular endothelial cell growth factor production in macrophages by transforming growth factor-β1
Authors: Koide Naoki , Odkhuu Erdenezaya , Naiki Yoshikazu , Tsolmongyn Bilegtsaikhan , Ito Kiyoaki , Komatsu Takayuki , Yoshida Tomoaki , Yokochi Takashi 
Published: November 2013

The effect of LPS on the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was examined using RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. LPS induced VEGF production in RAW 264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal cells. LPS induced VEGF production via the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and LPS-induced VEGF production was dependent on the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation· Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 augmented LPS-induced VEGF production, although TGF-β1 alone did not induce VEGF production. The augmentation of LPS-induced VEGF production by TGF-β1 was inhibited by a p38 MAPK inhibitor and was correlated with the phosphorylation of Smad3. The enhancing effect of TGF-β1 on LPS-induced VEGF production was observed in vivo in the skin lesions of mice receiving a subcutaneous injection of LPS. Taken together, it is suggested that LPS induced the VEGF production in macrophages and that it was augmented by TGF-β1 in vitro and in vivo.
Rational design of small molecules targeting the C2 domain of coagulation factor VIII
Authors: Nicolaes Gerry A. F. , Kulharia Mahesh , Voorberg Jan , Kaijen Paul H. , Wroblewska Aleksandra , Wielders Simone , Schrijver Roy , Sperandio Olivier , Villoutreix Bruno O. 
Published: November 2013

Key PointsNovel small molecules have been identified that specifically target FVIII. These small molecules are able to reduce in vitro thrombin formation in full blood.
Phase 3 study of recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein in severe hemophilia A
Authors: Mahlangu Johnny , Powell Jerry S. , Ragni Margaret V. , Chowdary Pratima , Josephson Neil C. , Pabinger Ingrid , Hanabusa Hideji , Gupta Naresh , Kulkarni Roshni , Fogarty Patrick , Perry David , Shapiro Amy , Pasi K. John , Apte Shashikant , Nestorov Ivan , Jiang Haiyan , Li Shuanglian , Neelakantan Srividya , Cristiano Lynda M. , Goyal Jaya , Sommer Jurg M. , Dumont Jennifer A. , Dodd Nigel , Nugent Karen , Vigliani Gloria , Luk Alvin , Brennan Aoife , Pierce Glenn F. 
Published: November 2013

Key Points
A novel recombinant factor VIII with prolonged half-life, rFVIIIFc, was developed to reduce prophylactic injection frequency. rFVIIIFc was well-tolerated in patients with severe hemophilia A, and resulted in low bleeding rates when dosed 1 to 2 times per week.
Characterization of a chemostable serine alkaline protease from Periplaneta americana
Authors: Sanatan Prashant T , Lomate Purushottam R , Giri Ashok P , Hivrale Vandana K 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Proteases are important enzymes involved in numerous essential physiological processes and hold a strong potential for industrial applications. The proteolytic activity of insects’ gut is endowed by many isoforms with diverse properties and specificities. Thus, insect proteases can act as a tool in industrial processes.

Results
In the present study, purification and properties of a serine alkaline protease from Periplaneta americana and its potential application as an additive in various bio-formulations are reported. The enzyme was purified near to homogeneity by using acetone precipitation and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. Enzyme activity was increased up to 4.2 fold after gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme appeared as single protein-band with a molecular mass of ~ 27.8 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for the proteolytic activity for purified protein were found around pH 8.0 and 60°C respectively. Complete inhibition of the purified enzyme by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride confirmed that the protease was of serine-type. The purified enzyme revealed high stability and compatibility towards detergents, oxidizing, reducing, and bleaching agents. In addition, enzyme also showed stability towards organic solvents and commercial detergents.

Conclusion
Several important properties of a serine protease from P. Americana were revealed. Moreover, insects can serve as excellent and alternative source of industrially important proteases with unique properties, which can be utilized as additives in detergents, stain removers and other bio-formulations. Properties of the P. americana protease accounted in the present investigation can be exploited further in various industrial processes. As an industrial prospective, identification of enzymes with varying essential properties from different insect species might be good approach and bioresource.