bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spontaneous Mutation Rate in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Farlow Ashley , Long Hongan , Arnoux Stéphanie , Sung Way , Doak Thomas G , Nordborg Magnus , Lynch Michael 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The rate at which new mutations arise in the genome is a key factor in the evolution and adaptation of species. Here we describe the rate and spectrum of spontaneous mutations for the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a key model organism with many similarities to higher eukaryotes. We undertook an ∼1700-generation mutation accumulation (MA) experiment with a haploid S. pombe, generating 422 single-base substitutions and 119 insertion-deletion mutations (indels) across the 96 replicates. This equates to a base-substitution mutation rate of 2.00 × 10−10 mutations per site per generation, similar to that reported for the distantly related budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, these two yeast species differ dramatically in their spectrum of base substitutions, the types of indels (S. pombe is more prone to insertions), and the pattern of selection required to counteract a strong AT-biased mutation rate. Overall, our results indicate that GC-biased gene conversion does not play a major role in shaping the nucleotide composition of the S. pombe genome and suggest that the mechanisms of DNA maintenance may have diverged significantly between fission and budding yeasts. Unexpectedly, CpG sites appear to be excessively liable to mutation in both species despite the likely absence of DNA methylation.
Reproductive disorders in hairdressers and cosmetologists: a meta‐analytical approach
Authors: Henrotin Jean‐Bernard , Picot Cyndie , Bouslama Myriam , Collot‐Fertey Dorothée , Radauceanu Anca , Labro Marie‐thérèse , Larroque Béatrice , Roudot Alain‐Claude , Sater Nessryne , Elhkim Mostafa Ould , Lafon Dominique 
Published: August 2015

Reproductive disorders in hairdressers and cosmetologists: a meta‐analytical approach: Jean‐Bernard Henrotin, et al. National Research and Safety Institute, FranceObjectiveThe aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and to use a meta‐analytical approach to assess quantitatively the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in hairdressers and cosmetologists.MethodsA systematic literature search up to 1 February 2012 was carried out using major bibliographic databases, grey literature, contacts with research teams working on the subject, review papers and reference lists of selected articles. Observational studies reporting measures of effects in relation with body care (hairdressers, cosmetologists, etc.) and reproductive disorders were included. Study quality was assessed by three reviewers. The estimated risk ratios (RR) from all studies reporting on identical outcomes were combined using an average of logarithm transformation of estimated RR weighted by their inverted variance. Statistical heterogeneity across studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test. To explore the sources of heterogeneity, several sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted based on study quality, country, study period, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, jobs and control populations.ResultsNineteen studies were selected and reviewed in‐depth. The combined risk ratios (RRcs) of five reproductive outcomes were calculated and found to be significantly increased for four outcomes: time to pregnancy, which had an RRc of 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03−1.19); premature birth, which had an RRc of 1.05 (95% CI: 0.99−1.11); small for gestational age, which had an RRc of 1.24 (95 CI%: 1.10−1.41); low birth weight, which had an RRc of 1.21 (95% CI: 1.06−1.39); and embryonic and fetal losses, which had an RRc of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.03−1.38).ConclusionsThis work confirms a weak increase in risk of some reproductive disorders in female hairdressers/cosmetologists. However, the evidence level is rather weak, and a causal association between job and reproductive outcomes cannot be asserted.
LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE BIOLOGIA E A HISTÓRIA DA CIÊNCIA
Authors: Zauza Fiorese Jéssica , Delizoicov Nadir Castilho 
Published: August 2015

<p>O presente trabalho apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que envolveu o livro didático de Biologia e a História da Ciência (HC). A escolha do tema baseou-se na importância dos livros didáticos para professores e alunos durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, bem como na recomendação de documentos oficiais para um ensino contextualizado historicamente, uma vez que essa perspectiva contribui para uma compreensão mais adequada da produção do conhecimento científico. O objeto de investigação constitui-se de uma coleção composta por três livros didáticos de Biologia. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de uma ficha elaborada para essa finalidade. Os resultados mostraram que ainda é tímida a inserção de uma visão historicamente contextualizada na abordagem dos conteúdos veiculados pelos livros didáticos analisados.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>:<strong> </strong>Livro didático. História da Ciência. Ensino de Biologia. </p>
Antiretroviral Activity and Safety of Once-Daily Etravirine in Treatment-Naive HIV-Infected Adults: 48-Week Results
Authors: Floris-Moore Michelle A , Mollan Katie , Wilkin Aimee M , Johnson Marc A , Kashuba Angela DM , Wohl David A , Patterson Kristine B , Francis Owen , Kronk Catherine , Eron Joseph J 
Published: August 2015

Background Etravirine (ETR), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved for 200 mg twice-daily dosing in conjunction with other antiretrovirals (ARVs), has pharmacokinetic properties which support once-daily dosing. Methods In this single-arm, open-label study, 79 treatment-naive HIV-infected adults were assigned to receive ETR 400 mg plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) 300/200 mg once daily to assess antiviral activity, safety and tolerability. ARV activity at 48 weeks was determined by proportion of subjects with HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml (intention-to-treat, missing = failure). Results Of 79 eligible subjects, 90% were men, 62% African-American and 29% Caucasian. At baseline, median (Q1, Q3) age was 29 years (23, 44) and HIV-1 RNA 4.52 log10 copies/ml (4.07, 5.04). A total of 69 (87%) completed a week 48 visit and 61 (77%, 95% CI 66%, 86%) achieved HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml at week 48. At time of virological failure, genotypic resistance-associated mutations were detected in three participants, two with E138K (one alone and one with additional mutations). Median (95% CI) CD4+ cell count increase was 163 (136, 203) cells/μl. Fifteen (19.0%) participants reported a new sign/symptom or lab abnormality ≥ Grade 3 and three participants (3.8%) permanently discontinued ETR due to toxicity. Two participants had psychiatric symptoms of any grade. There were no deaths. Conclusions In this study of ARV-naive HIV-positive adults, once-daily ETR with TDF/FTC had acceptable antiviral activity and was well-tolerated. Once-daily ETR may be a plausible option as part of a combination ARV regimen for treatment-naive individuals. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00959894.
Monitoring Vaginal Electrical Impedance in Bangladeshi Water Buffaloes During Postpartum Period
Authors: Juyena Nasrin Sultana , Hassan Mahmudul , Mollah Habibur Rahman , Rabidas Shushanto Kumar 
Published: August 2015

The achievement of early cyclicity and pregnancy after calving are of vital importance for sustainable buffalo farms, for which proper detection of oestrus and correct time of AI are necessary. Vaginal electrical impedance (VEI) observation using heat detector was used to identify estrus in buffalo cows during post-partum period. In the first group, 12 buffalo cows with post-partum>300 days were synchronized with OVSYNCH protocol and VEI was recorded at different stages of synchronization protocol. VEI values decreased significantly (P < 0.01) during second administration of GnRH in both pregnant and non-pregnant buffalo cows and it was indicative for the presence of oestrus. Higher VEI values were obvserved at second administration of GnRH and AI in non-pregnant group than the pregnant group. In second group, 8 buffalo cows with a post-partum period 40 to 96 days were used to record VEI daily. Lower VEI values (260-350Ω) were observed during oestrus and then started to increase at higher level after oestrus. The day difference between two successive lower/higher values of “VEI waves” ranged from 17-25 days, which might indicate the oestrous cycle in buffalo cows. Moreover, physical signs such as colour of vulva, mucus were less intensive in buffalo cows of second experiment. The study suggests that the measurement of vaginal impedance could serve as an indicator of the oestrus in buffalo cows and daily impedance measurements are necessary to confirm the stages of the estrous cycle.
Combatting bacterial persister cells
Authors: Wood Thomas K. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTMost bacterial cells lead lives of quiet desperation in biofilms, combatting stress; yet, their prevalence attests to their ability to alter gene regulation to cope with myriad insults. Since biofilm bacteria are faced with starvation and other environmental stress (e.g., antibiotics from competitors, oxidative stress from host immune systems), it behooves them to be able to ramp down their metabolism in a highly regulated manner and enter a resting state known as persistence to weather stress. Hence, persister cells are metabolically dormant cells that arise predominantly as a response to stress through elegant gene regulation that includes toxin/antitoxin systems. In this review, an analysis is made of the genetic pathways that lead to persistence, of cell signaling via the interspecies and interkingdom signal indole that leads to persistence, and the means found to date for combatting these cells which are frequently tolerant to a range of antibiotics. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 476–483. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heteropentanuclear Oxalato‐Bridged nd–4f (n=4, 5) Metal Complexes with NO Ligand: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Aqueous Stability and Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Kuhn Paul‐Steffen , Cremer Laura , Gavriluta Anatolie , Jovanović Katarina K. , Filipović Lana , Hummer Alfred A. , Büchel Gabriel E. , Dojčinović Biljana P. , Meier Samuel M. , Rompel Annette , Radulović Siniša , Tommasino Jean Bernard , Luneau Dominique , Arion Vladimir B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA series of heteropentanuclear oxalate‐bridged Ru(NO)‐Ln (4d–4f) metal complexes of the general formula (nBu4N)5[Ln{RuCl3(μ‐ox)(NO)}4], where Ln=Y (2), Gd (3), Tb (4), Dy (5) and ox=oxalate anion, were obtained by treatment of (nBu4N)2[RuCl3(ox)(NO)] (1) with the respective lanthanide salt in 4:1 molar ratio. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, while 1, 2, and 5 were in addition analyzed by X‐ray crystallography, 1 by Ru K‐edge XAS and 1 and 2 by 13C NMR spectroscopy. X‐ray diffraction showed that in 2 and 5 four complex anions [RuCl3(ox)(NO)]2− are coordinated to YIII and DyIII, respectively, with formation of [Ln{RuCl3(μ‐ox)(NO)}4]5− (Ln=Y, Dy). While YIII is eight‐coordinate in 2, DyIII is nine‐coordinate in 5, with an additional coordination of an EtOH molecule. The negative charge is counterbalanced by five nBu4N+ ions present in the crystal structure. The stability of complexes 2 and 5 in aqueous medium was monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy. The antiproliferative activity of ruthenium‐lanthanide complexes 2–5 were assayed in two human cancer cell lines (HeLa and A549) and in a noncancerous cell line (MRC‐5) and compared with those obtained for the previously reported Os(NO)‐Ln (5d–4f) analogues (nBu4N)5[Ln{OsCl3(ox)(NO)}4] (Ln=Y (6), Gd (7), Tb (8), Dy (9)). Complexes 2–5 were found to be slightly more active than 1 in inhibiting the proliferation of HeLa and A549 cells, and significantly more cytotoxic than 5d–4f metal complexes 6–9 in terms of IC50 values. The highest antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 20.0 and 22.4 μM was found for 4 in HeLa and A549 cell lines, respectively. These cytotoxicity results are in accord with the presented ICP‐MS data, indicating five‐ to eightfold greater accumulation of ruthenium versus osmium in human A549 cancer cells.
Exploring Different Types of Sharing: A Proposed Segmentation of the Market for “Sharing” Businesses
Authors: Hellwig Katharina , Morhart Felicitas , Girardin Florent , Hauser Mirjam 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSharing instead of buying is regaining traction among today's consumers. This study aims at identifying segments of sharing consumers to unearth potentially viable clusters of a consumer behavior that is a market of growing economic relevance. By means of a qualitative study and a survey with a roughly representative sample of 1121 Swiss‐German and German consumers, a set of trait‐related, motivational, and perceived socioeconomic variables is identified that can be used to group individuals into segments that differ with regard to their approach to sharing. A cluster analysis based on these variables suggests four potential clusters of sharing consumers—sharing idealists, sharing opponents, sharing pragmatists, and sharing normatives. Two sets of testable propositions are derived that can guide further research in this domain and pave the way to a more targeted approach to the growing market of “sharing” businesses.
Facilitation of spatial working memory performance following intra-prefrontal cortical administration of the adrenergic alpha1 agonist phenylephrine
Authors: Hvoslef-Eide Martha , Oomen C. A. , Fisher B. M. , Heath C. J. , Robbins T. W. , Saksida L. M. , Bussey T. J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Rationale
Spatial working memory is dependent on the appropriate functioning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). PFC activity can be modulated by noradrenaline (NA) released by afferent projections from the locus coeruleus. The coreuleo-cortical NA system could therefore be a target for cognitive enhancers of spatial working memory. Of the three classes of NA receptor potentially involved, the α2 and α1 classes seem most significant, though agents targeting these receptors have yielded mixed results. This may be partially due to the use of behavioural assays that do not translate effectively from the laboratory to the clinical setting. Use of a paradigm with improved translational potential may be essential to resolve these discrepancies.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of PFC-infused α2 and α1 adrenergic receptor agonists on spatial working memory performance in the touchscreen continuous trial-unique non-matching to location (cTUNL) task in rats.

Methods
Young male rats were trained in the cTUNL paradigm. Cannulation of the mPFC allowed direct administration of GABA agonists for task validation, and phenylephrine and guanfacine to determine the effects of adrenergic agonists on task performance.

Results
Infusion of muscimol and baclofen resulted in a delay-dependent impairment. Administration of the α2 agonist guanfacine had no effect, whilst infusion of the α1 agonist phenylephrine significantly improved working memory performance.

Conclusions
Spatial working memory as measured in the rat cTUNL task is dependent on the mPFC. Enhancement of noradrenergic signalling enhanced performance in this paradigm, suggesting a significant role for the α1 receptor in this facilitation.
Contributions of a global network of tree diversity experiments to sustainable forest plantations
Authors: Verheyen Kris , Vanhellemont Margot , Auge Harald , Baeten Lander , Baraloto Christopher , Barsoum Nadia , Bilodeau-Gauthier Simon , Bruelheide Helge , Castagneyrol Bastien , Godbold Douglas , Haase Josephine , Hector Andy , Jactel Hervé , Koricheva Julia , Loreau Michel , Mereu Simone , Messier Christian , Muys Bart , Nolet Philippe , Paquette Alain , Parker John , Perring Mike , Ponette Quentin , Potvin Catherine , Reich Peter , Smith Andy , Weih Martin , Scherer-Lorenzen Michael 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe area of forest plantations is increasing worldwide helping to meet timber demand and protect natural forests. However, with global change, monospecific plantations are increasingly vulnerable to abiotic and biotic disturbances. As an adaption measure we need to move to plantations that are more diverse in genotypes, species, and structure, with a design underpinned by science. TreeDivNet, a global network of tree diversity experiments, responds to this need by assessing the advantages and disadvantages of mixed species plantations. The network currently consists of 18 experiments, distributed over 36 sites and five ecoregions. With plantations 1–15 years old, TreeDivNet can already provide relevant data for forest policy and management. In this paper, we highlight some early results on the carbon sequestration and pest resistance potential of more diverse plantations. Finally, suggestions are made for new, innovative experiments in understudied regions to complement the existing network.
Parental and emerging adult psychopathology: Moderated mediation by gender and affect toward parents
Authors: Walker Courtney S. , McKinney Cliff 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCurrent research indicates that children tend to view parents with psychopathology more negatively and children who hold negative perceptions of parents are at a greater risk for psychopathology. Yet, less research examines how parental psychopathology influences offspring psychopathology through affect toward parents. The current study tested a model that examined the associations among parental psychopathology, positive affect toward parents, and emerging adult psychopathology. Associations were expected to be partly indirect via positive affect toward parents and emerging adult gender was expected to moderate these associations. Results indicated gender‐moderated mediation with significant effects found for males but not females. Results from the current study emphasize the importance of examining affect toward parents as a risk factor for emerging adult psychopathology. Additionally, results of the current study demonstrate the importance of examining the role of emerging adult gender as a potential moderator in these relationships.
Probable autoimmune hepatitis and systemic sclerosis complicated by reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: An unusual association
Authors: Chang Wen‐Han , Chen Chih‐Jen , Liu Chia‐Yuan , Chen Ming‐Jen , Wang Horng‐Yuan , Lin Ching‐Chung 
Published: August 2015

SummarySystemic sclerosis is a multisystem autoimmune rheumatic disorder characterized by fibrosis in the skin and internal organs but rarely with hepatic or brain involvement. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is characterized by a unique pattern of brain vasogenic edema in the setting of neurotoxicity predominantly in the parietal and occipital regions. We report a case of systemic sclerosis associated with probable autoimmune hepatitis that progressed rapidly to reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome with loss of vision, seizures, and coagulopathy. Brain computed tomography showed faint low density in the bilateral occipital lobes and posterior parietal lobes with edematous change. Fortunately, the patient's clinical condition considerably improved 2 days following the initiation of 100 mg intravenous hydrocortisone infusion.
Neurodevelopmental sequelae associated with gray and white matter changes and their cellular basis: A comparison between Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD and dyslexia
Authors: Bennett M.R. , Lagopoulos J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMany psychiatric diseases, such as major depression and schizophrenia, are accompanied by patterns of gray matter and white matter changes in the cortex that may be due to structural pathologies of synapses and their dendrites in the gray matter on the one hand and to pathologies in myelinating oligodendrocytes on the other. Here the possibility has been briefly examined that such a generalization might also hold for Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Evidence is presented that gray matter changes that accompany ASD may in fact reflect changes in synapses and subsequently of their dendrites, whereas those in the white matter reflect changes in myelination due to pathologies of oligodendrocytes. It is proposed that such structural pathologies during development provide a coherent biological model not only for the onset and course of ASD but also provide the basis for development and systematic evaluation of new treatment strategies.
eIF2 interactions with initiator tRNA and eIF2B are regulated by post-translational modifications and conformational dynamics
Authors: Beilsten-Edmands Victoria , Gordiyenko Yuliya , Kung Jocky CK , Mohammed Shabaz , Schmidt Carla , Robinson Carol V 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTranslation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins is key to eukaryotic gene expression and begins when initiation factor-2 (eIF2) delivers methionyl initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAiMet) to ribosomes. This first step is controlled by eIF2B mediating guanine nucleotide exchange on eIF2. We isolated eIF2 from yeast and used mass spectrometry to study the intact complex, and found that eIF2β is the most labile of the three subunits (eIF2α/β/γ). We then compared conformational dynamics of the ternary complex eIF2:GTP:Met-tRNAiMet with apo eIF2 using comparative chemical cross-linking. Results revealed high conformational dynamics for eIF2α in apo eIF2 while in the ternary complex all three subunits are constrained. Novel post-translational modifications identified here in both eIF2 and eIF2B were combined with established sites, and located within protein sequences and homology models. We found clustering at subunit interfaces and highly phosphorylated unstructured regions, at the N-terminus of eIF2β, and also between the eIF2Bε core and catalytic domains. We propose that modifications of these unstructured regions have a key role in regulating interactions between eIF2 and eIF2B, as well as other eIFs.
Mitotic redistribution of the mitochondrial network by Miro and Cenp-F
Authors: Kanfer Gil , Courthéoux Thibault , Peterka Martin , Meier Sonja , Soste Martin , Melnik Andre , Reis Katarina , Aspenström Pontus , Peter Matthias , Picotti Paola , Kornmann Benoît 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAlthough chromosome partitioning during mitosis is well studied, the molecular mechanisms that allow proper segregation of cytoplasmic organelles in human cells are poorly understood. Here we show that mitochondria interact with growing microtubule tips and are transported towards the daughter cell periphery at the end of mitosis. This phenomenon is promoted by the direct and cell cycle-dependent interaction of the mitochondrial protein Miro and the cytoskeletal-associated protein Cenp-F. Cenp-F is recruited to mitochondria by Miro at the time of cytokinesis and associates with microtubule growing tips. Cells devoid of Cenp-F or Miro show decreased spreading of the mitochondrial network as well as cytokinesis-specific defects in mitochondrial transport towards the cell periphery. Thus, Miro and Cenp-F promote anterograde mitochondrial movement and proper mitochondrial distribution in daughter cells.