bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement in Perinatal HIV Status Documentation in a Massachusetts Birth Hospital, 2009–2013
Authors: Paydar-Darian Niloufar , Pursley DeWayne M. , Haviland Miriam J. , Mao Wenyang , Golen Toni , Burris Heather H. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Despite recommendations for universal HIV testing during routine prenatal care, maternal HIV status is not always available at the time of delivery, which may lead to missed opportunities for antiretroviral prophylaxis. We completed a quality improvement project focused on increasing the availability of maternal HIV status documentation at our perinatal facility. Our primary aim was to improve documentation rates from 50% to 100% between 2009 and 2013. Our secondary aim was to identify predictors of documentation.

METHODS:
After an initial needs assessment, we performed a multidisciplinary quality improvement effort to address lack of HIV documentation in perinatal charts. The interventions included a switch to a verbal-only consent process, a rapid HIV testing protocol, and a simplified newborn admission document. To assess the impact of our intervention, we audited 100 charts per month and formally analyzed a second random sample of 200 charts in the postimplementation phase.

RESULTS:
Rates of HIV status documentation improved between 2009 and 2013, from 55.5% to 96.5%. Multivariable models revealed that before our interventions, mothers receiving care at freestanding offices (versus community-based outreach clinics) and those privately insured (versus publicly) were less likely to have HIV status documented. In 2013, neither ambulatory site nor insurance type predicted documentation.

CONCLUSIONS:
We demonstrated improvement in maternal HIV status documentation on admission to labor and delivery after implementation of a 3-pronged intervention. Next steps include investigating persistent barriers to achieving universal screening and documentation.
Weapon Involvement in the Victimization of Children
Authors: Mitchell Kimberly J. , Hamby Sherry L. , Turner Heather A. , Shattuck Anne , Jones Lisa M. 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE:
To report the prevalence of weapons involved in the victimization of youth with particular emphasis on weapons with a “high lethality risk” and how such exposure fits into the broader victimization and life experiences of children and adolescents.

METHODS:
Data were collected as part of the Second National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence, a nationally representative telephone survey of youth ages 2 to 17 years and caregivers (N = 4114) conducted in 2011.

RESULTS:
Estimates from the Second National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence indicate that &gt;17.5 million youth in the United States have been exposed to violence involving a weapon in their lifetimes as witnesses or victims, or &gt;1 in 4 children. More than 2 million youth in the United States (1 in 33) have been directly assaulted in incidents where the high lethality risk weapons of guns and knives were used. Differences were noted between victimizations involving higher and lower lethality risk weapons as well as between any weapon involvement versus none. Poly-victims, youth with 7 or more victimization types, were particularly likely to experience victimization with any weapon, as well as victimization with a highly lethal weapon compared with nonpoly-victims.

CONCLUSIONS:
Findings add to the field’s broadening conceptualization of youth victimization highlighting the potentially highly consequential risk factor of weapon exposure as a component of victimization experiences on the mental health of youth. Further work on improving gun safety practices and taking steps to reduce children's exposure to weapon-involved violence is warranted to reduce this problem.
Measurement and Correlation of Solubility and Physical Properties for Gas-Saturated Athabasca Bitumen
Authors: Nourozieh H.. , Kariznovi M.. , Abedi J.. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The addition of hydrocarbon or nonhydrocarbon gases to steam can have a beneficial effect on the performance of steam-based processes for recovery of heavy and extraheavy oils. The performance of these newly developed techniques depends on the amount of solvent dissolved in the oil and the variation of oil viscosity with temperature. Thus, full understanding of the quantitative effects of the solvent on heavy-oil viscosity and phase behaviors is crucial for feasibility studies, design, and prediction of field-scale processes.
Thus, the aim of this research is the development of an understanding of the phase behavior of carbon dioxide (CO2)/Athabasca-bitumen mixtures. It includes both experimental and modeling studies of solubilities and saturated-liquid densities and viscosities over a wide range of temperatures (up to 200°C), approaching the conditions of in-situ steam processes and pressures up to 6 MPa.
Experimental results indicate that the dissolved gas in bitumen leads to a significant oil-viscosity reduction, and the effect is greater at lower temperature and higher pressure. The gas-saturated-bitumen densities change slightly with the dissolution of CO2. The modeling results show that the measured solubilities are represented adequately by the modified Peng-Robinson equation of state (Robinson and Peng 1978), with an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 7.5%. The saturated-liquid densities are also correlated with equation-of-state and effective-liquid-density approaches, with 0.77 and 0.41% AARDs, respectively. The viscosity data are reasonably matched with the modified Pedersen corresponding state (Pedersen and Fredenslund 1987).
L'eau, facteur limitant de l'espace oasien. Le cas des oasis de Skoura et Amkchoud au sud du Maroc (The water : limiting factor of the oasian space. The case of the oasis Skoura and Amkchoud in the south of Morocco)
Authors: Ait Khandouch Mohamed 
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Les oasis de Skoura et Amkchoud font partie d'une région continentale ouverte aux influences sahariennes où l'eau d'irrigation est le facteur limitant de la survie de cet espace. Sur elle se déroulent toutes les activités et les rapports socio-spatiaux attachant l'homme à son espace.
Ces deux oasis représentent un patrimoine exceptionnel par leurs formes d'adaptation aux fortes contraintes de l'aridité du milieu et le manque de moyens. Elles sont soumises aux aléas des changements récents qui les frappent.
L'équilibre fragile de l'écosystème oasien place les espaces qui l'abritent parmi les régions les plus concernées par le problème de l'eau. Sa gestion, en tant que pièce maîtresse du système demeure donc au centre des préoccupations. La rareté de l'eau fait reculer l'espace irrigué ce qui cause des problèmes sociaux, l'ensablement, la désertification et enfin l'émigration des populations locales.
Recommandations sur l’utilisation des outils de prédiction du drainage minier acide
Authors: Bouzahzah Hassan , Benzaazoua Mostafa , Bussière Bruno , Plante Benoît 
Published: June 2015

The sulphidic tailings subjected to the atmospheric water and oxygen action may generate acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD is due to the oxidation of sulphide minerals they contain in the absence of a neutralizing potential. The effluents related to AMD are acidic, metal loaded and are often harmful towards the surrounding environments. A reliable prediction of this phenomenon to preserve the environment is of great importance as it is able to impact the costs and the ways to restore mines sites. The most frequently tools used for AMD prediction are static tests and kinetic tests when the first provide uncertain prediction results. AMD perdition tests are available in several versions whose protocols are quite divergent. Also, there is no guide orientating users in their choice. Thus, the objective of this review paper is to give clear recommendations to help choosing among either static and kinetic tests for AMD prediction based on tailings intrinsic characteristics (for static tests) and on the objectives of the study (for kinetic assays).
Les rejets miniers sulfurés soumis à l’action de l’eau et de l’oxygène atmosphériques sont susceptibles de générer du drainage minier acide (DMA) suite à l’oxydation des minéraux sulfurés qu’ils contiennent, en l’absence d’un potentiel neutralisant. Les effluents acides liés au DMA peuvent être chargés en métaux et sont dommageables à l’environnement. Une prédiction fiable de ce phénomène est d’une grande importance car elle est capable de déterminer les coûts et la manière de restaurer les sites miniers pour préserver l’environnement. Les outils usuellement utilisés pour la prédiction du DMA sont les tests statiques dans un premier temps et les essais cinétiques quand les premiers livrent une prédiction incertaine. Ces outils sont nombreux, leurs protocoles sont assez distincts et il n’existe aucun guide pour orienter l’utilisateur dans leur choix. Ainsi, ce papier se fixe l’objectif de présenter des recommandations pour orienter le choix parmi les tests statiques et et les essais cinétiques. Ces outils sont utilisés par l’industrie minière pour la prédiction du DMA en se basant sur les caractéristiques intrinsèques des rejets miniers (tests statiques) et des objectifs de l’étude (essais cinétiques).
Les lixiviats de la décharge de déchets urbains de la ville de Casablanca (Maroc), une pollution annoncée
Authors: Fekri Ahmed , Pineau Jean-Louis , Wahbi Mostafa , Benbouziane Abdelmajid , Marrakchi Chakib 
Published: June 2015

Municipal solid waste (MSW) from the city of Casablanca (approximately 3 800 tonnes per day), containing 70% of organic matter (OM) has been stockpiled in a local landfill since 1986. The unsealed bottom of the landfill is a faulted quartzite formation in which unconfined groundwater flows and from which people draw water for farming and for human consumption. The leachate from the landfill has a high metallic content (lead: 0.5 milligrammes per litre) and a high daily flow estimated to be 1 400 m3 per day. It originates from the water contained in the organic matter, seeping into the aquifer and polluting it. It flows through a mainly agricultural area towards the city along the fault lines of the quartzite formation. Its environmental impact becomes more important due to the increase of its quantity produced by more stockpiled MSW, and occurring of drought.
Les déchets urbains produits par la ville Casablanca (environ 3 800 t/j), composes à 70 % de matières fermentescibles, sont stockés depuis 1986 dans des carrières proches. Le substratum de la décharge est constitué par des quartzites fracturées. Il n’a pas été étanchéifié. Les lixiviats, avec des concentrations enlevées en métaux (plomb : 0,5 mg/l) et de forts débits journaliers estimés à 1 400 m3/j, liés en grande partie à l’eau contenue dans la matière fermentescible, s’infiltrent dans l’aquifère et le polluent. L’avancement du front de la pollution se fait en direction de la ville, dans une zone à vocation agricole, suivant un drain lié à des failles de la formation quartzitique qui constitue le substratum de la décharge.
La détermination des unités fonctionnelles d’un territoire, première étape pour appliquer l’analyse de cycle de vie à l’échelle territoriale
Authors: Junqua Guillaume , Cerceau Juliette , Gonzalez Catherine 
Published: June 2015

The implementation of the life cycle analysis methodology (LCA) applied at a regional scale is a challenge.A territory is by nature complex and multifunctional. Identify territorial functions, the first step for applying LCA at the territorial level, participates in the process of collective definition of territorial complexity, and thereby draws the outlines of a coherent collective action with real and perceived territorial issues. LCA should be used to identify environmental hotspots and to compare different scenarios of land planning.Thus, this article proposes several possible methodologies for the definition of territorial functional units. These solutions can be classified into two main bottom-up or top-down approaches.These solutions will be analyzed through different criteria (facility of identification and implementation, customer, consideration of the different subsystems,...).
La mise en œuvre de la méthodologie d’analyse de cycle de vie (ACV) appliquée à l’échelle d’un territoire est un challenge.Un territoire est par essence multifonctionnel et complexe. Dégager des fonctions territoriales, première étape pour appliquer l’ACV à l’échelle territoriale, participe donc à ce processus de définition collective de la complexité territoriale, et par là même dessine les contours d’une action collective cohérente avec les enjeux territoriaux réels et perçus. L’ACV doit être utilisée pour identifier les points critiques à améliorer et ainsi à comparer différents scénarios de développement territorial.Ainsi, cet article pose les premiers jalons de la déclinaison territoriale de l’ACV en identifiant plusieurs méthodologies possibles pour la définition des unités fonctionnelles. Ces différentes solutions peuvent être classées selon deux grandes approches descendantes ou ascendantes.Ces approches et solutions seront analysées à travers le prisme de différents critères (facilité d’identification, de mise en œuvre, commanditaire de l’étude, prise en compte des différents sous-systèmes,…).
Étude expérimentale et modélisation de l’inhibition de la dégradation du propionate par les acides gras volatils en digestion anaérobie par voie sèche
Authors: Bollon Julien , Benbelkacem Hassen , Bayard Rémy , Gourdon Rémy , Buffière Pierre 
Published: June 2015

Batch experimental assays were performed in or-der to assess the kinetics of propionate and acetate uptake in dry (high-solids) anaerobic digesters. The profile of propionate uptake was lower at high pro-pionate and acetate amounts. Haldane’s inhibition model for substrate inhibition and a non-competitive product inhibition by acetate were found to rule the observed phenomena. The inhibition constant for subs-trate inhibition was 2800 mgCOD of propionate per kg of digesting medium, while the inhibition constant for product inhibition was 4800 mgCOD of acetate per kg. These parameters were implemented in a kinetic model derived from ADM1 and adapted to anaerobic dry digestion processes. The model was able to fit sa-tisfactorily the experimental results.
Des essais expérimentaux en mode batch ont été réalisés afin de déterminer la cinétique d’élimination du propionate en digestion anaérobie par voie sèche. La vitesse de dégradation du propionate a été trouvée inférieure lorsque les concentrations en propionate ou en acétate sont élevées. Le modèle de Haldane pour la cinétique de dégradation du propionate, ainsi qu’un modèle d’inhibition non-compétitive par l’acétate ont permis de rendre compte des phénomènes observés. La constante d’inhibition par le substrat a été trouvée égale à 2800 mgDCO par kg de milieu de digestion pour le propionate. La constante d’inhibition par le produit (acétate) a été trouvée égale à 4800 mgDCO par kg de milieu. Ces résultats ont été implémentés dans un modèle cinétique issu du modèle ADM1, ce qui a permis de décrire de façon satisfaisante les résultats expérimentaux.
Éditorial n°1 Déchets Sciences et Techniques: « Une réponse exclusivement technique au problème des déchets n'est pas suffisante mais à contrario la société ne peut en exclure la part nécessaire »
Authors: Navarro Alain 
Published: June 2015

Editorial
Il est de plus en plus admis que la « Rudologie » (ou « Rupologie » ) désigne une nouvelle science qui serait celle des déchets. S'agit-il vraiment d'une science au sens classique du terme ou bien alors de l'approche synthétique, à travers une multitude de disciplines scientifiques, d'un phénomène « naturel » auquel nous sommes parvenus à donner (peut être involontairement} la dimension d'un problème planétaire ? j'opterais volontiers pour la deuxième hypothèse.La production de déchets est, en effet, inhérente à toute vie terrestre, structurée autour de la trilogie producteurs­consommateurs-décomposeurs qui assure la circulation de la matière au sein des espèces vivantes et des milieux physiques (eau, air, sol). L'étude des cycles biogéochimiques des différents éléments (carbone, azote, soufre, métaux, ...), bases du fonctionnement de la vie sur terre, constitue à ce titre un domaine passionnant et largement exploré au plan scientifique.Dès lors que les activités industrieuses de l'homme ont pris l'ampleur que nous connaissons, des dysfonctionnements, d'ampleur variable, de ces cycles sont apparus tant au plan qualitatif (dispersion de milliers de molécules de synthèse exogènes à ces cycles) que quantitatif (surproductions et surconsommations locales, épuisement des réserves naturelles...). Les sciences de l'environnement venaient là de trouver un des champs d'activité les plus abondants et les plus diversifiés de notre siècle, qu'il s'agisse d'évaluer les mécanismes, l'ampleur et les conséquences du phénomène ou bien de rechercher les remèdes à ces pollutions et nuisances multiformes.Au sein de ce vaste ensemble, nous limiterons notre propos à celui des sciences et des techniques du déchet, objet de nos préoccupations au sein de cette nouvelle revue, en essayant modestement d'en dessiner les contours et d'en identifier les pistes à explorer.
Design and engineering of intracellular‐metabolite‐sensing/regulation gene circuits in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wang Meng , Li Sijin , Zhao Huimin 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe development of high‐throughput phenotyping tools is lagging far behind the rapid advances of genotype generation methods. To bridge this gap, we report a new strategy for design, construction, and fine‐tuning of intracellular‐metabolite‐sensing/regulation gene circuits by repurposing bacterial transcription factors and eukaryotic promoters. As proof of concept, we systematically investigated the design and engineering of bacterial repressor‐based xylose‐sensing/regulation gene circuits in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We demonstrated that numerous properties, such as induction ratio and dose–response curve, can be fine‐tuned at three different nodes, including repressor expression level, operator position, and operator sequence. By applying these gene circuits, we developed a cell sorting based, rapid and robust high‐throughput screening method for xylose transporter engineering and obtained a sugar transporter HXT14 mutant with 6.5‐fold improvement in xylose transportation capacity. This strategy should be generally applicable and highly useful for evolutionary engineering of proteins, pathways, and genomes in S. cerevisiae. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 206–215. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A mathematical model and computational framework for three‐dimensional chondrocyte cell growth in a porous tissue scaffold placed inside a bi‐directional flow perfusion bioreactor
Authors: Shakhawath Hossain Md. , Bergstrom D.J. , Chen X.B. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe in vitro chondrocyte cell culture for cartilage tissue regeneration in a perfusion bioreactor is a complex process. Mathematical modeling and computational simulation can provide important insights into the culture process, which would be helpful for selecting culture conditions to improve the quality of the developed tissue constructs. However, simulation of the cell culture process is a challenging task due to the complicated interaction between the cells and local fluid flow and nutrient transport inside the complex porous scaffolds. In this study, a mathematical model and computational framework has been developed to simulate the three‐dimensional (3D) cell growth in a porous scaffold placed inside a bi‐directional flow perfusion bioreactor. The model was developed by taking into account the two‐way coupling between the cell growth and local flow field and associated glucose concentration, and then used to perform a resolved‐scale simulation based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The simulation predicts the local shear stress, glucose concentration, and 3D cell growth inside the porous scaffold for a period of 30 days of cell culture. The predicted cell growth rate was in good overall agreement with the experimental results available in the literature. This study demonstrates that the bi‐directional flow perfusion culture system can enhance the homogeneity of the cell growth inside the scaffold. The model and computational framework developed is capable of providing significant insight into the culture process, thus providing a powerful tool for the design and optimization of the cell culture process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2601–2610. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copper‐Free Postsynthetic Labeling of Nucleic Acids by Means of Bioorthogonal Reactions
Authors: Merkel Marcus , Peewasan Krisana , Arndt Stefanie , Ploschik Damian , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPostsynthetic modification of nucleic acids has the advantage that the chemical development of only a few building blocks is necessary, each bearing a chosen reactive functional group that is applicable to its reactive counterpart for a variety of different labeling types. The reactive group is either linked to phosphoramidites for chemical synthesis on solid phase or attached to nucleoside triphosphates for application in primer extension experiments and PCR. Chemoselectivity is required for this strategy, together with bioorthogonality to perform these labelings in living cells or even organisms. Currently, the copper‐free reactions include strain‐promoted 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions, “photoclick” reactions, Diels–Alder reactions with inverse electron demand, and nucleophilic additions. The majority of these modification strategies show good to excellent reaction kinetics, an important prerequisite for labeling inside cells and in vivo in order to keep the concentrations of the reacting partners as low as possible.
Heterolysis of Dihydrogen by Silver Alkoxides and Fluorides
Authors: Tate Brandon K. , Nguyen Jenna T. , Bacsa John , Sadighi Joseph P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAlkoxide‐bridged disilver cations react with dihydrogen to form hydride‐bridged cations, releasing free alcohol. Hydrogenolysis of neutral silver fluorides affords hydride‐bridged disilver cations as their bifluoride salts. These reactions proceed most efficiently when the supporting ligands are expanded N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) derived from 6‐ and 7‐membered cyclic amidinium salts. Kinetics studies show that silver fluoride hydrogenolysis is first‐order in both silver and dihydrogen.
Polydimethylsiloxane macromonomer bearing N‐vinylcaprolactam as end group: thermosensitive graft copolymers via free radical polymerization
Authors: Schönenberg Lisa , Ritter Helmut 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA polydimethylsiloxane macromonomer was synthesized via anionic ring‐opening polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane using N‐vinylcaprolactam anion as initiator and trimethylsilyl chloride as terminating agent. The polydimethylsiloxane macromonomer was copolymerized with N‐vinylcaprolactam in different molar ratios via a free radical mechanism. The new class of graft copolymers thus obtained shows cloud points in water because of an excess of N‐vinylcaprolactam units in the polymer chain. These cloud points can be shifted using randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrin as complexing agent. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry