bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationships in the Neotropical tribe Hamelieae (Rubiaceae, Cinchonoideae) and comments on its generic limits
Authors: STRANCZINGER Szilvia , GALAMBOS Aniko , SZENASY Dalma , SZALONTAI Balint 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOur molecular phylogenetic analyses shed some light on the evolutionary relationships within the Hamelieae tribe. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on Internal Transcribed Spacer and trnL‐F sequence data revealed the presence of three distinct evolutionary lineages. The first clade includes Hamelia and Syringantha, the second clade includes Deppea s.l. (including Bellizinca, Csapodya, and Edithea), and the third clade includes Pinarophyllon, Deppeopsis, Hoffmannia, Pseudomiltemia, Plocaniophyllon, Omiltemia, and Renistipula. The phylogenetic analysis re‐evaluated some taxonomical combinations. The transfer of Deppeopsis taxa from Deppea s.l. is supported, but however, the monophyly of the genus is not. The transfer of Renistipula from Rondeletieae is also highly supported. Both Csapodya and Edithea species form a well‐defined group among Deppea s.l. with high posterior probabilities, allowing to reconsider the exclusion or integration of these taxa to Deppea.
Prognostic Value of Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Dogs after Traumatic Brain Injury: 50 Cases
Authors: Beltran E. , Platt S.R. , McConnell J.F. , Dennis R. , Keys D.A. , De Risio L. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundThe prognostic value of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in dogs after traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unclear.ObjectivesDetermine whether MRI findings are associated with prognosis after TBI in dogs.AnimalsFifty client‐owned dogs.MethodsRetrospective study of dogs with TBI that underwent 1.5T MRI within 14 days after head trauma. MRI evaluators were blinded to the clinical presentation, and all images were scored based on an MRI grading system (Grade I [normal brain parenchyma] to Grade VI [bilateral lesions affecting the brainstem with or without any lesions of lesser grade]). Skull fractures, percentage of intraparenchymal lesions, degree of midline shift, and type of brain herniation were evaluated. MGCS was assessed at presentation. The presence of seizures was recorded. Outcome was assessed at 48 h (alive or dead) and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after TBI.ResultsSixty‐six percent of the dogs had abnormal MRI findings. MRI grade was negatively correlated (P < .001) with MGCS. A significant negative correlation of MRI grade, degree of midline shift, and percentage of intraparenchymal lesions with follow‐up scores was identified. The MGCS was lower in dogs with brain herniation (P = .0191). Follow‐up scores were significantly lower in dogs that had brain herniation or skull fractures. The possibility of having seizures was associated with higher percentage of intraparenchymal lesions (P = 0.0054) and 10% developed PTE.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSignificant associations exist between MRI findings and prognosis in dogs with TBI. MRI can help to predict prognosis in dogs with TBI.
Conservation implications of the evolutionary history and genetic diversity hotspots of the snowshoe hare
Authors: Cheng Ellen , Hodges Karen E. , Melo‐Ferreira José , Alves Paulo C. , Mills L. Scott 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWith climate warming, the ranges of many boreal species are expected to shift northward and to fragment in southern peripheral ranges. To understand the conservation implications of losing southern populations, we examined range‐wide genetic diversity of the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), an important prey species that drives boreal ecosystem dynamics. We analysed microsatellite (8 loci) and mitochondrial DNA sequence (cytochrome b and control region) variation in almost 1000 snowshoe hares. A hierarchical structure analysis of the microsatellite data suggests initial subdivision in two groups, Boreal and southwestern. The southwestern group further splits into Greater Pacific Northwest and U.S. Rockies. The genealogical information retrieved from mtDNA is congruent with the three highly differentiated and divergent groups of snowshoe hares. These groups can correspond with evolutionarily significant units that might have evolved in separate refugia south and east of the Pleistocene ice sheets. Genetic diversity was highest at mid‐latitudes of the species' range, and genetic uniqueness was greatest in southern populations, consistent with substructuring inferred from both mtDNA and microsatellite analyses at finer levels of analysis. Surprisingly, snowshoe hares in the Greater Pacific Northwest mtDNA lineage were more closely related to black‐tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) than to other snowshoe hares, which may result from secondary introgression or shared ancestral polymorphism. Given the genetic distinctiveness of southern populations and minimal gene flow with their northern neighbours, fragmentation and loss of southern boreal habitats could mean loss of many unique alleles and reduced evolutionary potential.
Ask and Ye Shall Receive? How Gender and Status Moderate Negotiation Success
Authors: Amanatullah Emily T. , Tinsley Catherine H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe backlash effect is a well‐documented negative social reaction toward women who are seen as violating gender norms because they engage in counterstereotypical (noncommunal, agentic) behaviors during the performance of their jobs. This social disincentive has been shown to account for women's diminished likelihood to initiate negotiations relative to men. But we question whether women who ignored this disincentive and initiated negotiations would even receive the resources they requested. We extend past research by showing women also incur financial penalties for initiating negotiations. This financial penalty can be explained by women's lower ascribed status relative to men's status and fortunately can be attenuated if women have achieved status. In two studies, we find consistent evidence that women who ask do not receive unless they have externally conferred status.
Power and Status in Conflict and Negotiation Research: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Greer Lindred , Bendersky Corinne 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPower and status are central influences in conflict and negotiation: Power structures determine negotiator behavior and conflict dynamics, and status differences can give rise to competition and conflicts between individuals and groups. In the last 50 years, much research attention has been devoted to the study of power and status in the conflict setting. In this introduction to the special issue, we highlight some of the key areas of research in the field thus far, highlighting key debates and dialogues. We then present the four articles in this special issue, explaining how each of these articles contributes to a unique debate in this area. Finally, we close with a discussion of the many exciting future research directions that are opening up around the topics of power and status in negotiation and conflict management research.
Women in Negotiation: Effects of Gender and Power on Negotiation Behavior
Authors: Hong Alain P. C. I. , van der Wijst Per J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractResearch on gender and negotiation has shown that women are often left worse off at the negotiation table and tend to negotiate less favorable outcomes than men. These findings may be, in part, due to the socialization of men and women, which has resulted in a greater negotiation advantage for men than for women. It is, however, hypothesized that power affects men's and women's negotiation behavior in such a way that it positively influences women's negotiation behavior while men remain unaffected by it. In an experimental setting using a face‐to‐face distributive bargaining situation, participants were primed with the experience of having power and were subsequently asked to negotiate with an opponent about the asking price of a house. The results of this study show that women who were primed with the experience of having power made better first offers and negotiated better outcomes than women who were not. Men's first offers and negotiation outcomes turned out not to be affected by power. Moreover, results also show that power significantly reduced differences in negotiation outcomes between men and women. All in all, this study shows that power influences men's and women's behavior in negotiation differently.
Psychological distress, depression, anxiety, stress, and exercise in Australian and New Zealand mothers: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Lovell Geoff P. , Huntsman Angela , Hedley‐Ward Jodie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPostnatal psychological well‐being is a complex issue characterized by major changes in physical, social, and emotional health. In response to addressing limitations of previous research this study aimed to: (i) quantify psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress in a large sample of Australian and New Zealand mothers and to compare to Australian norm data; and (ii) identify any significant differences in psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress of the mothers when grouped according to their self‐reported exercise incidence. Self‐reported short‐form version Depression Anxiety Stress Scale data were collected from 3601 Australia and New Zealand mothers with at least one child under the age of 5 years. Results demonstrated that this sample of mothers had significantly poorer psychological well‐being than the general Australian population. Furthermore, with the exception of anxiety, psychological well‐being of mothers who reported exercising three to four times per week was significantly and meaningfully more positive compared to those mothers that reported not to exercise.
Effects of expiratory ribcage compression before endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood gases in patients receiving mechanical ventilation
Authors: Kohan Mahmoud , Rezaei‐Adaryani Morteza , Najaf‐Yarandi Akram , Hoseini Fatemeh , Mohammad‐Taheri Nahid 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTAim and objectivesTo investigate the effects of expiratory ribcage compression (ERCC) before endotracheal suctioning on the arterial blood gases (ABG) in patients receiving mechanical ventilation.BackgroundEndotracheal suctioning is one of the most frequently used methods for airway clearance in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest physiotherapy techniques such as ERCC before endotracheal suctioning can be used as a means to facilitate mobilizing and removing airway secretions and improving alveolar ventilation.DesignA prospective, randomized, controlled cross‐over design.MethodsA randomized controlled cross‐over trial with a convenience sample of 70 mechanically ventilated patients was conducted from 2006 to 2007. The patients received endotracheal suctioning with (experiment‐period) or without (control‐period) an antecedent 5‐min expiratory ribcage. All the patients experienced both periods with at least a 3‐h washed‐out interval between the two periods. ABG were measured 5 min before and 25 min after endotracheal suctioning.ResultsThe statistical tests showed that the levels of partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in the experimental period at 25 min after the intervention were significantly different from the control period. The tests also revealed that the levels of these variables at 25 min after suctioning were also significantly different from baseline values. However, these differences were clinically significant only for PaO2/FiO2.ConclusionBy improving the levels of PaO2/FiO2, ERCC can reduce the patients' need for oxygen and hence it can at least reduce the side effects of oxygen therapy.Relevance to clinical practiceImproving PaO2/FiO2 levels means less need for oxygen therapy. Hence, by applying ERCC we can at least minimize the side effects of oxygen therapy.
Prolonged perioperative infusion of low‐dose ketamine does not alter opioid use after pediatric scoliosis surgery
Authors: Pestieau Sophie R. , Finkel Julia C. , Junqueira Mariana M. , Cheng Yao , Lovejoy John F. , Wang Jichuan , Quezado Zenaide 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackgroundOpioid consumption after posterior spinal fusion is known to be high and often exceeds those reported in other major surgical procedures. A number of clinical trials provide evidence that the perioperative use of subanesthetic doses of ketamine reduces pain and opioid requirements in some surgical procedures, but the effect of prolonged perioperative low‐dose ketamine infusion in patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for pediatric scoliosis surgery is unknown.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that a 72‐h perioperative low‐dose ketamine infusion would decrease opioid use in pediatric patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion.MethodsIn a double‐blind prospective controlled trial, patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis were randomized to receive perioperative low‐dose ketamine or placebo control. Patients received general anesthesia, intraoperative remifentanil, and morphine patient‐controlled analgesia postoperatively. Daily opioid consumption, self‐reported pain scores, and sedation scores were measured.ResultsFifty‐four patients were enrolled and 50 completed the study. Contrary to our hypothesis, ketamine– and control‐treated patients had similar postoperative opioid use, pain scores, and sedation scores measurements. In contrast, ketamine‐treated patients required less intraoperative remifentanil compared with control (mean 2.9 mg vs. 4 mg, P = 0.0415). Number of vertebrae instrumented, time between end‐of‐surgery and 24 h assessment, or remifentanil doses did not impact on postoperative opioid use. Over 96‐h postoperatively, morphine‐equivalent consumption was lower (−0.40, P = 0.006) and sedation score was higher (0.47, P = 0.0211) in male patients, compared with female patients.ConclusionsThese findings do not support the use of perioperative low‐dose ketamine to decrease opioid use in children with scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal fusion.
Is nitrogen transfer among plants enhanced by contrasting nutrient‐acquisition strategies?
Authors: TESTE FRANÇOIS P. , VENEKLAAS ERIK J. , DIXON KINGSLEY W. , LAMBERS HANS 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNitrogen (N) transfer among plants has been found where at least one plant can fix N2. In nutrient‐poor soils, where plants with contrasting nutrient‐acquisition strategies (without N2 fixation) co‐occur, it is unclear if N transfer exists and what promotes it. A novel multi‐species microcosm pot experiment was conducted to quantify N transfer between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (EM), dual AM/EM, and non‐mycorrhizal cluster‐rooted plants in nutrient‐poor soils with mycorrhizal mesh barriers. We foliar‐fed plants with a K15NO3 solution to quantify one‐way N transfer from ‘donor’ to ‘receiver’ plants. We also quantified mycorrhizal colonization and root intermingling. Transfer of N between plants with contrasting nutrient‐acquisition strategies occurred at both low and high soil nutrient levels with or without root intermingling. The magnitude of N transfer was relatively high (representing 4% of donor plant N) given the lack of N2 fixation. Receiver plants forming ectomycorrhizas or cluster roots were more enriched compared with AM‐only plants. We demonstrate N transfer between plants of contrasting nutrient‐acquisition strategies, and a preferential enrichment of cluster‐rooted and EM plants compared with AM plants. Nutrient exchanges among plants are potentially important in promoting plant coexistence in nutrient‐poor soils.
Soybean resistance to stink bugs (Nezara viridula and Piezodorus guildinii) increases with exposure to solar UV‐B radiation and correlates with isoflavonoid content in pods under field conditions
Authors: ZAVALA JORGE A. , MAZZA CARLOS A. , DILLON FRANCISCO M. , CHLUDIL HUGO D. , BALLARÉ CARLOS L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSolar UV‐B radiation (280–315 nm) has a significant influence on trophic relationships in natural and managed ecosystems, affecting plant–insect interactions. We explored the effects of ambient UV‐B radiation on the levels of herbivory by stink bugs (Nezara viridula and Piezodorus guildinii) in field‐grown soybean crops. The experiments included two levels of UV‐B radiation (ambient and attenuated UV‐B) and four soybean cultivars known to differ in their content of soluble leaf phenolics. Ambient UV‐B radiation increased the accumulation of the isoflavonoids daidzin and genistin in the pods of all cultivars. Soybean crops grown under attenuated UV‐B had higher numbers of unfilled pods and damaged seeds than crops grown under ambient UV‐B radiation. Binary choice experiments with soybean branches demonstrated that stink bugs preferred branches of the attenuated UV‐B treatment. We found a positive correlation between percentage of undamaged seeds and the contents of daidzin and genistin in pods. Our results suggest that constitutive and UV‐B‐induced isoflavonoids increase plant resistance to stink bugs under field conditions.
Plant volatiles and the environment
Authors: LORETO FRANCESCO , DICKE MARCEL , SCHNITZLER JÖRG‐PETER , TURLINGS TED C. J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractVolatile organic compounds emitted by plants represent the largest part of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) released into our atmosphere. Plant volatiles are formed through many biochemical pathways, constitutively and after stress induction. In recent years, our understanding of the functions of these molecules has made constant and rapid progress. From being considered in the past as a mere waste of carbon, BVOCs have now emerged as an essential element of an invisible language that is perceived and exploited by the plants' enemies, the enemies of plant enemies, and neighbouring plants. In addition, BVOCs have important functions in protecting plants from abiotic stresses. Recent advances in our understanding of the role of BVOC in direct and indirect defences are driving further attention to these emissions. This special issue gathers some of the latest and most original research that further expands our knowledge of BVOC. BVOC emissions and functions in (1) unexplored terrestrial (including the soil) and marine environments, (2) in changing climate conditions, and (3) under anthropic pressures, or (4) in complex trophic communities are comprehensively reviewed. Stepping up from scientific awareness, the presented information shows that the manipulation and exploitation of BVOC is a realistic and promising strategy for agricultural applications and biotechnological exploitations.
Reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid and ethylene interact to regulate sunflower seed germination
Authors: EL‐MAAROUF‐BOUTEAU HAYAT , SAJJAD YASAR , BAZIN JÉRÉMIE , LANGLADE NICOLAS , CRISTESCU SIMONA M. , BALZERGUE SANDRINE , BAUDOUIN EMMANUEL , BAILLY CHRISTOPHE 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed dormancy is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can be alleviated by incubating dormant embryos in the presence of methylviologen (MV), a ROS‐generating compound. Ethylene alleviates sunflower seed dormancy whereas abscisic acid (ABA) represses germination. The purposes of this study were to identify the molecular basis of ROS effect on seed germination and to investigate their possible relationship with hormone signalling pathways. Ethylene treatment provoked ROS generation in embryonic axis whereas ABA had no effect on their production. The beneficial effect of ethylene on germination was lowered in the presence of antioxidant compounds, and MV suppressed the inhibitory effect of ABA. MV treatment did not alter significantly ethylene nor ABA production during seed imbibition. Microarray analysis showed that MV treatment triggered differential expression of 120 probe sets (59 more abundant and 61 less abundant genes), and most of the identified transcripts were related to cell signalling components. Many transcripts less represented in MV‐treated seeds were involved in ABA signalling, thus suggesting an interaction between ROS and ABA signalling pathways at the transcriptional level. Altogether, these results shed new light on the crosstalk between ROS and plant hormones in seed germination.
Continuous positive airway pressure is associated with a decrease in pulmonary artery pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Xuefeng , Luo Jinmei , Xiao Yi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPulmonary hypertension has been recognized as being associated with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) might reduce pulmonary artery pressure in OSA patients; however, evidence from clinical studies is limited and inconsistent. This meta‐analysis aims to assess whether CPAP is associated with a decrease in pulmonary artery pressure in patients with OSA. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Published studies were identified through a search in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane library through to May 2013. Two reviewers sorted papers and extracted data. A random‐effects model was used to combine results across studies comparing pulmonary artery pressure in OSA patients before and after CPAP treatment. Six articles with 181 patients were included in this meta‐analysis, including five before‐after studies and one matched‐control study. The meta‐analysis showed that CPAP was associated with a statistically significant reduction in pulmonary artery pressure in OSA patients (standardized mean difference −1.34, 95% confidence interval: −2.33 to −0.34, P = 0.009). Although this meta‐analysis has some limitations, it indicates that CPAP is associated with a decrease in pulmonary artery pressure in patients with OSA.
Effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, carbon inputs from above ground harvest residues and soil organic carbon contents of a sandy soil in Germany
Authors: Trost B. , Ellmer F. , Baumecker M. , Meyer‐Aurich A. , Prochnow A. , Drastig K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo better understand the complex interactions between irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil organic carbon content, the results from long‐term field experiments over a period of 40 years were analysed. The combined effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates on crop yields, carbon input by above ground harvest residues and soil organic carbon content has been investigated at a site on a sandy soil in northeast Germany. Combined with nitrogen fertilizer application, irrigation has frequently had a significantly positive effect on crop yield and carbon inputs from above ground harvest residues. However, enhanced carbon inputs to the soil under irrigation did not lead to significantly greater soil organic carbon contents. As the combination of irrigation and nitrogen also improved microbial decomposition by changing of above ground harvest residues C/N ratio and soil moisture, the effect of an additional input of carbon from above ground harvest residues was nullified.