bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitizing capacity of Disperse Orange 1 and its potential metabolites from azo reduction and their cross‐reactivity pattern
Authors: Malinauskiene Laura , Zimerson Erik , Bruze Magnus , Ryberg Kristina , Isaksson Marlene 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundSimultaneous contact allergies to Disperse Orange 1, 4‐nitroaniline and p‐aminodiphenylamine (PADPA), as well as to other disperse azo dyes and to p‐phenylenediamine (PPD), have been reported. Cross‐reactivity is one of the possible explanations for simultaneous reactions between PPD and disperse azo dyes. Some metabolites from the azo reduction of these disperse azo dyes could be sensitizers, as human skin bacteria produce azo reductases.ObjectivesTo investigate the sensitizing capacity of Disperse Orange 1, PADPA and 4‐nitroaniline, and the cross‐reactivity between these substances and Disperse Yellow 3, its potential metabolites from azo reduction (4‐aminoacetanilide and 2‐amino‐p‐cresol), and PPD.MethodThe guinea‐pig maximization test was used.ResultsIt was found that both Disperse Orange 1 and PADPA are strong sensitizers and cross‐react with each other. We were unable to sensitize guinea‐pigs with 4‐nitroaniline tested in equimolar concentrations to Disperse Orange 1.ConclusionsThe results indicate that patients sensitized primarily to Disperse Orange 1 will also react to PADPA, which can be found mainly in hair dyes. PPD, 4‐nitroaniline, 4‐aminoacetanilide, 2‐amino‐p‐cresol and Disperse Yellow 3 did not show any cross‐reactivity with Disperse Orange 1 or PADPA.
The use of habitat suitability models and species–area relationships to predict extinction debts in coastal forests, South Africa
Authors: Olivier Pieter I. , van Aarde Rudi J. , Lombard Amanda T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimPredicting extinctions before they are realized has proven difficult, yet is increasingly important for biodiversity conservation as habitat destruction continues unabated around the world. We evaluated whether habitat suitability models can be used in conjunction with species–area relationships (SAR) to detect apparent extinction debts as implicated by the conservation status assigned to bird species.LocationKwaZulu‐Natal province, South Africa.MethodsWe modelled historic distributions of coastal forests using MaxEnt, a presence‐only technique for modelling species distributions. The model provided an estimate of forest loss. We then conducted 293 point counts to survey birds within remaining forest fragments and employed an information‐theoretic framework to test for the best fit SAR model. Extinction debts were calculated using the estimate of forest loss and the empirical SAR data.ResultsOur model suggests extensive forest loss (82%) within a naturally fragmented landscape. The power function provided the best fit for bird SAR. Fourteen bird species are predicted to go extinct from coastal forests. Predicted extinctions closely matched the number of threatened species locally but not globally. Predicted extinctions also only matched globally threatened species that reach their northernmost distribution limit within coastal forests, but not species that reach their southernmost distribution limit here.Main conclusionsWe found that habitat suitability models could be used in conjunction with SAR to estimate extinction debt implied by conservation statuses of extant species. Our approach assumed that forest loss drives extinction debts but also provided the opportunity to link forest loss and the likelihood of extinction. Models of historical forest distribution may provide guidelines of where to implement restoration actions. Maintaining matrix habitats that link forest fragments and targeted landscape level restoration that increases fragment area and link isolated fragments will be important to prevent predicted extinctions.
Using Electronic Medical Records in Admission Decisions: A Cost Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Ben‐Assuli Ofir , Leshno Moshe 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the healthcare sector has invested heavily in medical information systems to improve decision making while reducing medical costs and integrating medical data from multiple sources. However, the overall contribution of this technology to the medical field remains controversial, especially in high‐stress environments such as the emergency department. This article evaluates the differential effects of accessing an electronic medical record (EMR) system on the decision to admit, based on diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which is one of the main reasons people go to the emergency department. The admission decision with or without accessing the EMR system is modeled as a decision tree and a Markovian process. A cost‐effectiveness analysis compares the added value of information (retrieved from the EMR system) against the cost of providing this information. This model is then tested on a simulation of patients presenting symptoms of AMI. The results show that use of the EMR led to greater cost‐effectiveness in cases of suspected AMI. The findings of this study may assist physicians by demonstrating a probable contribution of EMR to improved medical outcomes and may inform policy makers in the healthcare sector regarding the advisability of investing in such systems in an emergency department.
IT Governance Characteristics, Electronic Medical Records Sophistication, and Financial Performance in U.S. Hospitals: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Smith Antoinette L. , Bradley Randy V. , Bichescu Bogdan C. , Tremblay Monica Chiarini 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAs a result of a recent federal government mandate, an increasing number of hospitals have decided to adopt electronic medical record (EMR) systems. This initiative is expected to lead toward more efficient and higher quality health care; however, little is known about governance characteristics and organizational performance for EMR adopters. Our goal is to inform theory and practice by examining hospitals with a sophisticated EMR and comparing those hospitals to similar hospitals (with a less sophisticated EMR) to understand the association between information technology (IT) governance characteristics and the implications on financial performance. Leveraging elements of the upper echelon theory, we posit that hospitals in which the chief information officer (CIO) reports to the chief executive officer, CIO turnover is low, and an IT steering committee is present are more likely to have a sophisticated EMR. We argue that EMR sophistication leads to improved financial performance. Our results underscore the importance of continuity in the CIO position on successful EMR implementations. Results also show that hospital size and financial performance are strongly associated with EMR sophistication. In addition, we find that a sophisticated EMR appears to be a fundamental element in improving hospitals’ revenue cycle management. Moreover, we find that hospitals with a sophisticated EMR appear to be more profitable. Finally, we observe that total payroll expense adjusted by total discharges drops among the sophisticated hospitals, potentially due to an increase in employee productivity. These insights can serve as a basis for tempering expectations relative to the financial impact of EMR adoption.
Demand Functions in Decision Modeling: A Comprehensive Survey and Research Directions
Authors: Huang Jian 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA variety of mathematical forms have been developed to characterize demand functions which depend on a firm's operational and marketing activities. Such demand functions are being increasingly used by researchers in economics and different functional areas of business. We provide a comprehensive survey of commonly used demand models which depend on (i) price, (ii) rebate, (iii) lead time, (iv) space, (v) quality, and (vi) advertising. Our survey includes single firm–demand models in each category, as well as game theoretic multifirm models involving strategic interaction among the firms. We observe that certain types of functional forms, such as linear, power/iso‐elastic, multinomial logit, and multiplicative competitive interaction, have been widely used to construct various demand models in all six categories, but that a large majority of publications deal with categories (i) and (v) of demand models. For each of the six categories, we survey relevant functional forms in the representative papers, and discuss the main properties, the advantages, the disadvantages, and comment on possible future research directions. We also present discussions of the applications of these analytical demand models in empirical studies. The article ends with a summary of our major findings.
The Interdisciplinary Future of Supply Chain Management Research
Authors: Sanders Nada R. , Zacharia Zach G. , Fugate Brian S. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTSince the term supply chain management (SCM) was first introduced over 30 years ago, the field of SCM has undergone numerous transformations. Today, it is a prevailing theme in scholarly and popular research, and numerous disciplines claim its ownership. However, current and emerging SCM research challenges are becoming increasingly more complex. Fragmented and "siloed" research efforts across a range of disciplines may not be adequate to address the full complexities associated with these phenomena. We interviewed 50 SCM academic thought leaders, across a range of disciplines, and 20 SCM executives with the goal of helping researchers develop a consistent stream of work that builds on existing research, identifies relevant research directions, and provides guidance for the future. Although there were some differences in opinions, there was consensus on the boundary characteristics of SCM, as well as the identification of interdisciplinary research (IDR) as necessary for the enablement of SCM to address the numerous current and emerging intractable SCM challenges. In this article, we present these findings and provide a path forward based on the collective wisdom of these academics and executives.
Market Impact on IT Security Spending
Authors: Kolfal Bora , Patterson Raymond A. , Yeo M. Lisa 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTTraditionally, IT security investment decisions are made in isolation. However, as firms that compete for customers in an industry are closely interlinked, a macro perspective is needed in analyzing these decisions. We utilize the notions of direct‐ and cross‐risk elasticity to describe the customer response to adverse IT security events in the firm and competitor, respectively, thus allowing us to analyze optimal security investment decisions. Examining both symmetric and asymmetric duopoly cases using a continuous‐time Markov chain (CTMC) model, we demonstrate that optimal IT security spending, expected firm profits and willingness of firms to cooperate on security improvements are highly dependent on the nature of customer response to adverse events. We also examine the investment problem when security attacks on different firms are correlated.
Olanzapine increases hepatic glucose production through the activation of hypothalamic adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase
Authors: Ikegami M. , Ikeda H. , Ohashi T. , Ohsawa M. , Ishikawa Y. , Kai M. , Kamei A. , Kamei J. 
Published: June 2013

AimsTo investigate the mechanism of the metabolic disturbance induced by the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine, we examined whether adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the hypothalamus and hepatic glucose production are involved in the effect of olanzapine.MethodsMale 6‐week‐old ICR mice were used. Blood glucose levels were determined by the glucose oxidase method. The mRNA levels of gluconeogenic or glycolytic enzymes were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). AMPK expression was measured by Western blotting.ResultsSystemic injection of olanzapine increased blood glucose levels in both unfasted and fasted mice. However, the increase in fasted mice was less than that in unfasted mice. Central administration of olanzapine also increased the blood glucose levels in unfasted mice, but not in fasted mice. In a pyruvate tolerance test, olanzapine significantly increased blood glucose levels. In addition, olanzapine increased the mRNA levels of glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase), a gluconeogenic enzyme, in the liver. Furthermore, olanzapine increased phosphorylated AMPK in the hypothalamus of unfasted mice, and olanzapine‐induced hyperglycaemia was inhibited by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. Central administration of the AMPK activator AICAR significantly increased G6Pase mRNA levels in the liver and blood glucose levels. Moreover, both olanzapine‐ and AICAR‐induced hyperglycaemia were attenuated by the β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol, suggesting that olanzapine and AICAR induce hepatic glucose production through the sympathetic nervous system.ConclusionsOur results indicate that olanzapine activates AMPK in the hypothalamus, which increases hepatic glucose production via the sympathetic nervous system.
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 12‐week study
Authors: Inagaki N. , Kondo K. , Yoshinari T. , Maruyama N. , Susuta Y. , Kuki H. 
Published: June 2013

AimsWe examined the efficacy, safety and tolerability of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) undergoing diet and exercise therapy.MethodsPatients aged 20–80 years with T2DM diagnosed ≥3 months previously, and HbA1c of 6.9–9.9% were randomized to 50, 100, 200 or 300 mg canagliflozin or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. The primary and secondary endpoints were changes in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), urinary glucose/creatinine and postprandial glycaemic parameters following a meal test. The safety assessments included adverse events (AEs) and clinical laboratory tests.ResultsOverall, 383 patients were randomized to receive either placebo (n = 75), or 50 mg (n = 82), 100 mg (n = 74), 200 mg (n = 77) or 300 mg canagliflozin (n = 75). At week 12, significant reductions in HbA1c were observed in all canagliflozin groups relative to placebo (−0.61, –0.80, –0.79 and −0.88% for 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg, respectively, versus +0.11% for placebo; all, p < 0.01). FPG and postprandial glycaemic parameters improved significantly in the canagliflozin groups. Body weight was significantly decreased by canagliflozin. No deaths or drug‐related serious AEs were reported. There was no dose‐dependent increase in the incidence of AEs in the canagliflozin groups. The incidence of hypoglycaemia was low; episodes were not severe or dose dependent. Canagliflozin did not affect serum creatinine levels or the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio.ConclusionsTreatment with canagliflozin for 12 weeks significantly improved glycaemic control and reduced body weight in Japanese patients with T2DM. Canagliflozin was well tolerated.
A Discussion‐Based Online Approach to Fostering Deep Cultural Inquiry in an Introductory Language Course
Authors: Garrett‐Rucks Paula 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFostering and assessing language learners' cultural understanding is a daunting task, particularly at the early stages of language learning with target language instruction. The purpose of this study was to explore the development of beginning French language learners' intercultural understanding in a computer‐mediated environment where students discussed online cultural instruction among peers, in English, outside of formal instructional time. Discourse analyses of the discussion transcripts revealed sizeable growth in learners' development of intercultural sensitivity in response to different types of online instructional materials. Volunteer participants provided additional insight into the influences of the instructional materials on changes in their worldviews in post‐discussion interviews. In addition to providing evidence of effective uses of technology to resolve conflicts between target language use and deep cultural learning in the beginning world language curriculum, findings from this study document the application of an assessment model used to measure learners' development of intercultural understanding.
Effect of low planting density on the spikelet number in ‘Tachisuzuka’, a rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with a short panicle for whole crop silage use
Authors: Matsushita Kei , Iida Shuichi , Ideta Osamu , Ishii Takuro , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Watanabe Hajime , Takahashi Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA promising new cultivar of rice (Oryza sativa L.) ‘Tachisuzuka’ has been developed for silage use with improved feeding value due to a radical decrease in spikelets. However, ‘Tachisuzuka’ has the problem of inefficient seed production. We investigated the effect of planting density on the spikelet number in ‘Tachisuzuka’ to find out how seed yields of this cultivar can be increased by means of cultivation methods. ‘Tachisuzuka’ was cultivated at six different planting densities, in the range of 7.4–22.2 hills m−2. Unlike in ordinary cultivars, there was a negative correlation between the spikelet number per unit area and hills per unit area. Moreover, the spikelet number increased by 67% under the low planting density. This result implies that the efficiency of seed production of ‘Tachisuzuka’ could be improved by low planting density through an increase in spikelet number per unit area.
Multiple metastatic infections in a hemodialysis patient with untunneled internal jugular catheter
Authors: Peddi Sandeep , Ram Rapur , Boreddy Varalakshmi Devi , Avssn Sridhar , Chennu Krishna Kishore , Vishnubotla Siva Kumar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present an end‐stage renal disease patient on dialysis with fever. The primary source was right internal jugular vein catheter which had metastatic infections in the body probably via an arteriovenous communication in a cavity in left lung. Patient had right psoas muscle abscess and a left kidney abscess. An 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission spectroscopy scan was done to find out left kidney abscess. A search of literature did not reveal many patients of psoas abscess secondary to infection of hemodialysis access.
In vitro effect of calcium nanophosphate and high‐concentrated fluoride agents on enamel erosion: an AFM study
Authors: Medeiros Isabella Cavalcante , Brasil Veruska Lima Moura , Carlo Hugo Lemes , Santos Rogerio Lacerda Dos , De Lima Bruno Alessandro Silva Guedes , De Carvalho Fabíola Galbiatti 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundCalcium nanophosphate paste can provide ions to remineralize enamel. There are, however, no data available about the remineralizing effect of this paste on the prevention of enamel erosion, when compared with highly concentrated fluoride agents.AimTo analyze the effect of calcium nanophosphate paste, fluoride gel, and varnish to protect against enamel erosion using surface Knoop hardness (KNH) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).DesignForty enamel blocks (4 × 4 mm) of third molars were used for 4 groups (n = 10): 1.23% fluoride gel (Fluorgel–DFL®); calcium nanophosphate paste (Desensibilize NanoP‐FGM®); fluoride varnish (Duraphat‐Colgate®) and control (without agent). The specimens were immersed in cola drink for 5 min and 2 h in artificial saliva, 4× per day for 5 days. The agents were applied before the first erosive cycle. KNH values were obtained before and after the erosive challenge. The surface morphology was evaluated by AFM. anova, Tukey's, and T‐Student tests were applied.ResultsAfter erosion, no significant difference was found for KNH among gel, nanophosphate, and varnish groups; however, they showed higher KNH than control group. Gel and nanophosphate paste showed a protective layer formation on enamel surface by AFM.ConclusionsThe calcium nanophosphate paste showed similar protection against enamel erosion compared with high‐concentrated fluoride agents, even containing lower fluoride concentration.
Microarray analysis of unbalanced translocation in Wolf‐Hirschhorn syndrome
Authors: Dai Ying , Yang Jing , Chen Yuanyuan , Bao Liming , Cheng Qian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is caused by deletions involving chromosome region 4p16.3, which is characterized by growth delay, mild‐to‐severe mental retardation, hypotonia, facial dysmorphisms and shows extensive phenotypic variability include feeding difficulties, epilepsy and congenital anomalies. Variation in the size of the deletion involving chromosome region 4p16.3 may explain the clinical variation. However, previous studies indicate that duplication for another chromosome region due to an unbalanced translocation elucidate approximately 40–45% WHS patients. Therefore, we used whole genomic cytogenetics array to analyze the entire genome at a significantly higher resolution over conventional cytogenetics to characterize the exact subtelomeric aberration region of one patient with developmental delay and several facial characteristics reminiscent Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome. Here we report that our patient had 3.7 Mb deletion at the 4p16.2 and 6.8 Mb duplication at 8p23.1 resulted from the unbalanced translocations der(4)t(4;8)(p16.2;p23.1). We confirmed that our patient with monosomy 4p16.2 which is consistent with Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome and trisomy 8p23.1. The combination of the 4p deletion with 8p partial trisomy explains the complex phenotype presented by our patient.
Expanding the spectrum of genetic mutations in antenatal Bartter syndrome type II
Authors: Fretzayas Andreas , Gole Evangelia , Attilakos Achilleas , Daskalaki Anna , Nicolaidou Polyxeni , Papadopoulou Anna 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBartter syndrome (BS) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia and elevated renin and aldosterone plasma concentrations. BS type II is caused by mutations in the KCNJ1 gene and usually presents with transient hyperkalemia. We report here a novel KCNJ1 mutation in a male neonate, prematurely born after a pregnancy complicated by polyhydramnios. The infant presented with typical clinical and laboratory findings of BS type II, such as hyponatremia, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, severe weight loss, elevated renin and aldosterone levels and transient hyperkalemia in the early postnatal period, which were later normalized. Molecular analysis revealed a compound heterozygous mutation in the KCNJ1 gene, consisting of a novel K76E and an already described V315G mutation, both affecting functional domains of the channel protein. Typical manifestations of antenatal BS in combination with hyperkalemia should prompt the clinician to search for mutations in the KCNJ1 gene first.
Introducing OMOV: The Labour Party–Trade Union Review Group and the 1994 Leadership Contest
Authors: Wickham‐Jones Mark 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMost scholars conclude that the introduction of one member, one vote (OMOV) into the electoral college that chooses the Labour leader demonstrates a new, reduced role for the party's affiliated trade unions. This article examines the adoption of OMOV by Labour. It looks at discussions in the Labour party–trade union review group that moulded the decision to adopt OMOV during 1992–1993. Drawing on the full breakdown of results, it goes on to examine the outcome of the 1994 leadership contest. The distribution of votes, union by union, indicates that, contrary to the conventional view, trade union leaderships retained the capacity to shape the pattern of voting through their ability to nominate candidates. The article concludes that the introduction of OMOV did not reduce the role of trade union leaderships in Labour's internal affairs in the manner that many scholars have concluded to be the case.