bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications After Popliteal Block for Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Anderson John G. , Bohay Donald R. , Maskill John D. , Gadkari Kuldeep P. , Hearty Thomas M. , Braaksma William , Padley Michelle A. , Weaver Kevin T. 
Published: June 2015

Background: A popliteal nerve block is a common analgesic procedure for patients undergoing surgery on their knee, foot, or ankle. This procedure carries less risk in a surgical setting compared with other forms of anesthesia such as a spinal block. Previous reports demonstrated few to no complications with the use of this nerve block, but it is unclear whether these data are consistent with the recent increase in use of this analgesic procedure for lower extremity surgery. Methods: Retrospectively, a busy orthopedic foot and ankle practice performed a chart review examining for postoperative neuropathic complications possibly related to the popliteal nerve block. The 1014 patients who had undergone a popliteal block for foot and/or ankle orthopedic surgery were analyzed for short and long-term neuropathic complications. The collected data consisted of tourniquet time, pressure, and location as well as the method of finding the fossa nerve, adjuncts used, and patient medical history. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and t tests for analysis with a significance value of P < .05. Result: Of these 1014 patients, 52 patients (5%) developed deleterious symptoms likely resulting from their popliteal block, and 7 (0.7%) of these were unresolved after their last follow-up. No immediately apparent underlying causes were determined for these complications. Conclusion: The frequency of a neuropathic complication following a popliteal nerve block was notably higher in the early postoperative period than indicated in the past. The proportion of patients with unresolved neuropathic symptoms at last follow-up is comparable to that previously reported in the literature. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Changes in Skiing and Snowboarding Injury Epidemiology and Attitudes to Safety in Big Sky, Montana, USA
Authors: Patrick Edward , Cooper Jamie G. , Daniels Jeff 
Published: June 2015

Background Despite a risk of harm, the past 20 years have seen dramatically increased participation in snow sports such as skiing, and particularly, snowboarding. This period has also seen revolutions in piste maintenance and paradigm developments in the use of safety equipment. Consequently, the numbers and characteristics of injury may be very different from those traditionally quoted. Purpose To compare and evaluate the injury patterns among skiers and snowboarders in a North American ski resort in 1996 and 2013. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Questionnaire-based cross-sectional studies were carried out independently in a North American ski resort between the dates of March 6 and April 11 in both 1996 and 2013. Demographic data and information about incident circumstances were collected from injured patients who visited the local on-site clinic. Data were compared statistically to assess for significant changes in injury characteristics between the 2 time periods. Results The 1996 report consisted of 148 injured participants, and the 2013 study included 156 participants. Results from 2013 demonstrated significant increases in helmet use, the number of snowboarders injured, and shoulder injuries. Injury was also more likely in those aged 46 to 55 years, those never having had professional instruction, or those with rented equipment. Significant reductions were seen in those injured with other people close by and in the 36- to 45-year age group. Overall, the knee was the most commonly injured body part in both periods (1996: 31%, n = 38; 2013: 33%, n = 36), although upper limb injuries were predominant in snowboarders. Conclusion Snow sports injury characteristics of patients presenting to a ski resort medical clinic have changed between 1996 and 2013. These findings can be used to further inform safety recommendations and areas to target with further research.
Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparations
Authors: Schippinger Gert , Prüller Florian , Divjak Manuela , Mahla Elisabeth , Fankhauser Florian , Rackemann Steve , Raggam Reinhard Bernd 
Published: June 2015

Background Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely used for the treatment of sports injuries. It has been associated with improved healing and regeneration of soft tissues in elite athletes. Athletes are commonly receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). As yet, the effect of these drugs on platelet function in PRP formulations has not been taken into consideration. Hypothesis The function of platelets in PRP produced under the influence of NSAIDs is inhibited and may lessen a possible healing effect on the site of injury. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods PRP was collected from patients receiving NSAIDs after elective orthopaedic surgery, and platelet function was evaluated using light transmission aggregometry (LTA). Results were compared with those obtained from healthy volunteers without a history of NSAID intake during the previous 2 weeks. Two different systems for blood collection and PRP production (Arthrex ACP double-syringe system and standard 4.5-mL sodium citrate blood collection tubes) were used and compared regarding the quality of PRP that was produced. Results For both groups, the baseline platelet counts of whole blood and the platelet counts of PRP formulations were found to be in the normal range. Both collection systems for PRP produced comparable results without significant differences between the groups. Platelet function testing with LTA revealed significantly impaired platelet aggregation in both PRP preparations, obtained from patients taking NSAIDs, irrespective of the type of NSAID ( P < .001). All subjects from the control group showed normal platelet aggregation patterns when tested with LTA. Conclusion Autologous PRP produced from subjects after NSAID medication shows significantly impaired platelet function and may result in lower quality regarding the content of bioactive compounds. Clinical Relevance If required, the administration of NSAIDs should be performed after blood collection for preparation of autologous PRP; otherwise, the therapeutic effect may be limited.
Essential role of class II PI3K-C2α in platelet membrane morphology
Authors: Valet Colin , Chicanne Gaëtan , Severac Childerick , Chaussade Claire , Whitehead Maria A. , Cabou Cendrine , Gratacap Marie-Pierre , Gaits-Iacovoni Frederique , Vanhaesebroeck Bart , Payrastre Bernard , Severin Sonia 
Published: June 2015

Key PointsPI3K-C2α controls platelet membrane structure and remodeling. PI3K-C2α is a key regulator of a basal housekeeping PI3P pool in platelets.
Function and Postnatal Changes of Dural Afferent Fibers Expressing TRPM8 Channels
Authors: Ren Lynn , Dhaka Ajay , Cao Yu-Qing 
Published: June 2015

Background Genome-wide association studies have identified TRPM8 (transient receptor potential melastatin 8) as one of the susceptibility genes for common migraine. Here, we investigated the postnatal changes of TRPM8-expressing dural afferent fibers as well as the function of dural TRPM8 channels in mice. Results First, we quantified the density and the number of axonal branches of TRPM8-expressing fibers in the dura of mice expressing farnesylated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFPf) from one TRPM8 allele between postnatal day 2 (P2) to adulthood. The number of axonal branches on individual dural EGFP-positive fibers was decreased by 30% between P2 and P11. The density of dural EGFP-positive fibers was subsequently reduced by 50% between P16 and P21. Conversely, the density and the number of branches of axons expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide remained stable in postnatal mouse dura. The density of TRPM8-expressing fibers innervating the mouse cornea epithelium was significantly increased from P2 to adulthood. Next, we tested the function of dural TRPM8 channels in adult mice and found that TRPM8 agonist menthol effectively inhibited the nocifensive behavior evoked by dural application of inflammatory mediators. Conclusions Our results indicate that the TRPM8-expressing dural afferent fibers undergo cell-and target tissue-specific axonal pruning during postnatal development. Activation of dural TRPM8 channels decreases meningeal irritation-evoked nocifensive behavior in adult mice. This provides a framework to further explore the role of postnatal changes of TRPM8-expressing dural afferents in the pathophysiology of pediatric and adult migraine.
Expression Changes of MicroRNA-1 and its Targets Connexin 43 and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Peripheral Nervous System of Chronic Neuropathic Rats
Authors: Neumann Elena , Hermanns Henning , Barthel Franziska , Werdehausen Robert , Brandenburger Timo 
Published: June 2015

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the neuroplastic changes which induce and maintain neuropathic pain. However, it is unknown whether nerve injury leads to altered miRNA expression and modulation of pain relevant target gene expression within peripheral nerves. In the present study, expression profiles of miR-1 and the pain-relevant targets, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Connexin 43 (Cx43), were studied in peripheral neuropathic pain, which was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. The expression of miR-1 was investigated in the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the ipsilateral spinal cord by qPCR. Changes of BDNF and Cx43 expression patterns were studied using qPCR, Western blot analysis, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Results In sciatic nerves of naïve rats, expression levels of miR-1 were more than twice as high as in DRG and spinal cord. In neuropathic rats, CCI lead to a time-dependent downregulation of miR-1 in the sciatic nerve but not in DRG and spinal cord. Likewise, protein expression of the miR-1 targets BDNF and Cx43 was upregulated in the sciatic nerve and DRG after CCI. Immunohistochemical staining revealed an endoneural abundancy of Cx43 in injured sciatic nerves which was absent after Sham operation. Conclusions This study demonstrates that CCI leads to a regulation of miRNAs (miR-1) in the peripheral nervous system. This regulation is associated with alterations in the expression and localization of the miR-1 dependent pain-relevant proteins BDNF and Cx43. Further studies will have to explore the function of miRNAs in the context of neuropathic pain in the peripheral nervous system.
Does a mineral wristband affect balance? A randomized, controlled, double-blind study
Authors: Hansson Eva Ekvall , Beckman Anders , Persson Liselott 
Published: June 2015

Background Having good balance is a facilitating factor in the performance of everyday activities. Good balance is also essential in various sport activities in order to both get results and prevent injury. A common measure of balance is postural sway, which can be measured both antero-posteriorly and medio-laterally. There are several companies marketing wristbands whose intended function is to improve balance, strength and flexibility. Randomized controlled trials have shown that wristbands with holograms have no effect on balance but studies on wristbands with minerals seem to be lacking. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate if the mineral wristband had any effect on postural sway in a group of healthy individuals. Study design Randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Material/Methods The study group consisted of 40 healthy persons. Postural sway was measured antero-posteriorly and medio-laterally on a force plate, to compare: the mineral wristband, a placebo wristband, and without any wristband. The measurements were performed for 30 s, in four situations: with open eyes and closed eyes, standing on a firm surface and on foam. Analyses were made with multilevel technique. Results The use of wristband with or without minerals did not alter postural sway. Closed eyes and standing on foam both prolonged the dependent measurement, irrespective if it was medio-lateral or antero-posterior. Wearing any wristband (mineral or placebo) gave a small (0,22-0,36 mm/s) but not statistically significant reduction of postural sway compared to not wearing wristband. Conclusion This study showed no effect on postural sway by using the mineral wristband, compared with a placebo wristband or no wristband. Wearing any wristband at all (mineral or placebo) gave a small but not statistically significant reduction in postural sway, probably caused by sensory input.
Bilateral vocal fold immobility: A 13 year review of etiologies, management and the utility of the empey index
Authors: Brake Maria K. , Anderson Jennifer 
Published: June 2015

Background Bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI) is a rare diagnosis causing dyspnea, dysphonia and dysphagia. Management depends on respiratory performance, airway patency, vocal ability, and quality-of-life priorities. The authors review the presentation, management and outcome in patients diagnosed with BVFI. The utility and efficacy of the Empey index (EI) and the Expiratory Disproportion Index (EDI) are evaluated as an objective monitoring tools for BVFI patients. Methods A 13-year retrospective review was performed of BVFI patients at St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, a tertiary referral centre for laryngology. Results Forty-eight patients were included; 46 presented with airway obstruction symptoms. Tracheotomy was required for airway management in 40 % of patients throughout the course of their treatment, which was reduced to 19 % at the end of the study period. Twenty-one patients underwent endoscopic arytenoidectomy/cordotomy. Non-operative management included continuous positive airway pressure devices. Pulmonary function testing was carried out in 29 patients. Only a portion of the BVFI patients met the defined upper airway obstruction criteria (45 % EI and 52 % EDI). Seven patients had complete pre- and post-operative PFTs for comparison and all seven had ratios that significantly improved post-operatively which correlated clinically. Conclusion The EI and EDI have limited use in evaluating patients with who have variable upper airway obstruction, but may be helpful in monitoring within subject airway function changes.
Successful surgical internal drainage of postoperative pancreatic pseudocyst through pancreaticojejunostomy with distal pancreatectomy: a case report
Authors: Sakata Kazuya , Hashimoto Daisuke , Taki Katsunobu , Nakahara Osamu , Ohmuraya Masaki , Chikamoto Akira , Beppu Toru , Baba Hideo 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Pancreatic pseudocyst is usually treated by percutaneous external drainage, endoscopic internal or external drainage, or surgical internal drainage such as cystogastrostomy. Surgical external drainage is an option if these procedures fail. We describe a case of a 70-year-old man with a pancreatic body pseudocyst that developed postoperatively. It was improved by endoscopic external drainage, and the stent was changed to an internal stent. However, surgery was required as the pseudocyst grew again. A direct approach to the pseudocyst was not possible because of severe adhesion. A distal pancreatectomy with pancreaticojejunostomy was performed, and an external pancreatic stent tube was inserted from the cut end into the duodenum to drain the pseudocyst. One month later, the pseudocyst disappeared, and the stent was removed.
Adipose triglyceride lipase acts on neutrophil lipid droplets to regulate substrate availability for lipid mediator synthesis
Authors: Schlager Stefanie , Goeritzer Madeleine , Jandl Katharina , Frei Robert , Vujic Nemanja , Kolb Dagmar , Strohmaier Heimo , Dorow Juliane , Eichmann Thomas O , Rosenberger Angelika , Wölfler Albert , Lass Achim , Kershaw Erin E , Ceglarek Uta , Dichlberger Andrea , Heinemann Akos , Kratky Dagmar 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In humans, mutations in ATGL lead to TG accumulation in LDs of most tissues and cells, including peripheral blood leukocytes. This pathologic condition is called Jordans’ anomaly, in which functional consequences have not been investigated. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ATGL plays a role in leukocyte LD metabolism and immune cell function. Similar to humans with loss-of-function mutations in ATGL, we found that global and myeloid-specific Atgl−/− mice exhibit Jordans’ anomaly with increased abundance of intracellular TG-rich LDs in neutrophil granulocytes. In a model of inflammatory peritonitis, lipid accumulation was also observed in monocytes and macrophages but not in eosinophils or lymphocytes. Neutrophils from Atgl−/− mice showed enhanced immune responses in vitro, which were more prominent in cells from global compared with myeloid-specific Atgl−/− mice. Mechanistically, ATGL−/− as well as pharmacological inhibition of ATGL led to an impaired release of lipid mediators from neutrophils. These findings demonstrate that the release of lipid mediators is dependent on the liberation of precursor molecules from the TG-rich pool of LDs by ATGL. Our data provide mechanistic insights into Jordans’ anomaly in neutrophils and suggest that ATGL is a potent regulator of immune cell function and inflammatory diseases.
Visualization of vertical hydrocarbon migration in seismic data: Case studies from the Dutch North Sea
Authors: Connolly David L. 
Published: June 2015

Previous 3D visualization studies in seismic data have largely been focused on visualizing reservoir geometry. However, there has been less effort to visualize the vertical hydrocarbon migration pathways, which may provide charge to these reservoirs. Vertical hydrocarbon migration was recognized in normally processed seismic data as vertically aligned zones of chaotic low-amplitude seismic response called gas chimneys, blowout pipes, gas clouds, mud volcanoes, or hydrocarbon-related diagenetic zones based on their morphology, rock properties, and flow mechanism. Because of their diffuse character, they were often difficult to visualize in three dimensions. Thus, a method has been developed to detect these features using a supervised neural network. The result is a “chimney” probability volume. However, not all chimneys detected by this method will represent true hydrocarbon migration. Therefore, the neural network results must be validated by a set of criteria that include (1) pockmarked morphology, (2) tie to shallow direct hydrocarbon indicators, (3) origination from known or suspected source rock interval, (4) correlation with surface geochemical data, and (5) support by basin modeling or well data. Based on these criteria, reliable chimneys can be extracted from the seismic data as 3D geobodies. These chimney geobodies, which represent vertical hydrocarbon migration pathways, can then be superimposed on detected reservoir geobodies, which indicate possible lateral migration pathways and traps. The results can be used to assess hydrocarbon charge efficiency or risk, and top seal risk for identified traps. We investigated a case study from the Dutch North Sea in which chimney processing results exhibited vertical hydrocarbon pathways, originating in the Carboniferous age, which provided the charge to shallow Miocene gas sands and deep Triassic prospects.
Phase Transitions for Random Geometric Preferential Attachment Graphs
Authors: Jordan Jonathan , Wade Andrew R. 
Published: June 2015

Vertices arrive sequentially in space and are joined to existing vertices at random according to a preferential rule combining degree and spatial proximity. We investigate phase transitions in the resulting graph as the relative strengths of these two components of the attachment rule are varied.Previous work of one of the authors showed that when the geometric component is weak, the limiting degree sequence mimics the standard Barabási-Albert preferential attachment model. We show that at the other extreme, in the case of a sufficiently strong geometric component, the limiting degree sequence mimics a purely geometric model, the on-line nearest-neighbour graph, for which we prove some extensions of known results. We also show the presence of an intermediate regime, with behaviour distinct from both the on-line nearest-neighbour graph and the Barabási-Albert model; in this regime, we obtain a stretched exponential upper bound on the degree sequence.
What is “Small Talk” About
Authors: Агеева  , Ageeva Yu. 
Published: June 2015

The article illustrates uniqueness of verbal behavior of a recruiter and an
interviewee during the job interview through implementation of verbal tactics
of “small talk”. Linguistic features of four main types of this tactics are defined
and described (conversation about vacation and free time; conversation
about hobbies; conversation about family; conversation about the past).
It is found that while having small talk the job seeker may demonstrate personal
attributes as well as professional qualities, motivation and life principles.
The usage of the tactics allows HR manager avoiding socially desirable
answers and making the right choice within the limited period of time.
Сommunicative Model of Multilingual Education
Authors: Дубинский  , Dubinskiy Vladimir 
Published: June 2015

The article presents a model of teaching four foreign languages. The
languages obligatory for learning are English and German. The student
then chooses the languages of distant cultures, for example, Chinese
and Czech, Japanese and Polish, Turkish and Serbian, etc. The teaching
materials are course books from Germany while methods of teaching foreign
languages are Russian and take into account personal characteristics and
abilities of the students. Original German material is borrowed from other
sources including the Internet. In the first two years, classes are given by
two highly skilled teachers who aim to show the common features of English
and German as the languages belonging to the same Germanic group. In
the next two years students analyze the differences of distant cultures,
with reference to the languages they choose for learning, as language
constitutes part of culture. The suggested model has a universal character
and can be used in any type of educational institutions. After finishing the
course, graduates have skills to teach the respective languages as well as
to translate and interpret from and into them.
Problems of Adaptation of Chinese Students in the Preparatory Department of the Russian Technical University
Authors: Баранникова  , Barannikova G. 
Published: June 2015

The article considers the problems of adaptation of Chinese students in the
preparatory faculty of the Russian technical universities. There are marked
differences in the systems of teaching in China and in Russia. The article
describes traditional features of Chinese national character and their changes
in recent years. It analyzes changes in Chinese students. The necessity
of taking into account individual characteristics of Chinese students and
creating a favorable psychological-pedagogical conditions of cooperation in
the classroom are described.