bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aluminum‐26, sodium‐22 and cobalt‐60 in two drill cores and some other samples of the Jilin chondrite
Authors: HEUSSER G. , OUYANG Z. , OEHM J. , YI W. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract— Two drill cores have been taken from the main mass of the Jilin chondrite, Jilin I. One was bored perpendicular to the 2π surface of the first exposure stage, the other parallel to this surface, and both intersected at the presumed 4π center of Jilin's second exposure stage. The probed depths were 65 cm and 105 cm, respectively, with a diameter of 26.5 mm.Fifteen drill core samples, 2 documented samples and 14 strewn field samples have been analysed for 26Al, 60Co and 22Na. The reconstruction of the preatmospheric Jilin via 60Co resulted in slight deviations for the center position and for the radius (now R = 80+10−5 cm) compared to an earlier study in 1985. The 60Co production rate profile is now almost completely reproduced. A constant production rate of 22Na and of 26Al during the 4π irradiation is confirmed also for the center region. The good linear correlation of 26Al and 21Ne yields slightly revised irradiation ages for both stages of t1 = 7 ± 1 Ma and t2 = 0.32+0.06‐0.03 Ma.
Earliest high‐Ti volcanism on the Moon: 40Ar‐39Ar, Sm‐Nd, and Rb‐Sr isotopic studies of Group D basalts from the Apollo 11 landing site
Authors: Snyder Gregory A. , Hall Chris M. , Halliday Alex N. , Lee Der‐Chuen , Taylor Lawrence A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract High‐Ti basalts from the Apollo collections span a range in age from 3.87 Ga to 3.55 Ga. The oldest of these are the common Apollo 11 Group B2 basalts which yield evidence of some of the earliest melting of the lunar mantle beneath Mare Tranquillitatis. Rare Group D high‐Ti basalts from Mare Tranquillitatis have been studied in an attempt to confirm a postulated link with Group B2 basalts (Jerde et al., 1994). The initial Sr isotopic ratio of a known Group D basalt (0.69916 ± 3 at 3.85 Ga) lies at the lower end of the tight range for Group B2 basalts (87Sr/86Sr = 0.69920 to 0.69921). One known Group D basalt and a second postulated Group D basalt yield indistinguishable initial ∍Nd (1.2 ± 0.6 and 1.2 ± 0.3) and again lie at the lower end of the range for the Group B2 basalts from Apollo 11 (+2.0 ± 0.4 to +3.9 ± 0.6, at 3.85 Ga). A third sample has isotopic (87Sr/86Sr = 0.69932 ± 2; ∍Nd = 2.5 ± 0.4; at 3.59 Ga; as per Snyder et al., 1994b) and elemental characteristics similar to the Group A high‐Ti basalts returned from the Apollo 11 landing site.Ages of 40Ar‐39Ar have been determined for one known Group D basalt and a second postulated Group D basalt using step‐heating with a continuous‐wave laser. Suspected Group D basalt, 10002, 1006, yielded disturbed age spectra on two separate runs, which was probably due to 39Ar recoil effects. Using the “reduced plateau age” method of Turner et al. (1978), the ages derived from this sample were 3898 ± 19 and 3894 ± 19 Ma. Three separate runs of known Group D basalt 10002, 116 yielded 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of 3798 ± 9 Ma, 3781 ± 8 Ma, and 3805 ± 7 Ma (all errors 2σ). Furthermore, this sample has apparently suffered significant 40Ar loss either due to solar heating or due to meteorite impact. The loss of a significant proportion of 40Ar at such a time means that the plateau ages underestimate the “true” crystallization age of the sample. Modelling of this Ar loss yields older, “true” ages of 3837 ± 18, 3826 ± 16, and 3836 ± 14 Ma. These ages overlap the ages of Group B2 high‐Ti basalts (weighted average age = 3850 ± 20 Ma; range in ages = 3.80 to 3.90 Ga).The combined evidence indicates that the Group D and B2 high‐Ti basalts could be coeval and may be genetically related, possibly through increasing degrees of melting of a similar source region in the upper mantle of the Moon that formed >4.2 Ga ago. The Group D basalts were melted from the source first and contained 3–5×more trapped KREEP‐like liquid than the later (by possibly only a few million years) Group B2 basalts. Furthermore, the relatively LREE‐ and Rb‐enriched nature of these early magmas may lend credence to the idea that the decay of heat‐producing elements enriched in the KREEP‐like trapped liquid of upper mantle cumulates, such as K, U, and Th, could have initiated widespread lunar volcanism.
Reflectance spectroscopy of interplanetary dust particles
Authors: Bradley J. P. , Keller L. P. , Brownlee D. E. , Thomas K. L. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract Reflectance spectra were collected from chondritic interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), a polar micrometeorite, Allende (CV3) meteorite matrix, and mineral standards using a microscope spectrophotometer. Data were acquired over the 380–1100 nm wavelength range in darkfield mode using a halogen light source, particle aperturing diaphrams, and photomultiplier tube (PMT) detectors. Spectra collected from titanium oxide (Ti4O7), magnetite (Fe3O4), and Allende matrix establish that it is possible to measure indigenous reflectivities of micrometer‐sized (>5 μm in diameter) particles over the visible (VIS) wavelength range 450–800 nm. Below 450 nm, small particle effects cause a fall‐off in signal into the ultraviolet (UV). Near‐infrared (IR) spectra collected from olivine and pyroxene standards suggest that the ∼1 μm absorption features of Fe‐bearing silicates in IDPs can be detected using microscope spectrophotometry.Chondritic IDPs are dark objects (<15% reflectivity) over the VIS 450–800 nm range. Large (>1 μm in diameter) embedded and adhering single mineral grains make IDPs significantly brighter, while surficial magnetite formed by frictional heating during atmospheric entry makes them darker. Most chondritic smooth (CS) IDPs, dominated by hydrated layer silicates, exhibit generally flat spectra with slight fall‐off towards 800 nm, which is similar to type CI and CM meteorites and main‐belt C‐type asteroids. Most chondritic porous (CP) IDPs, dominated by anhydrous silicates (pyroxene and olivine), exhibit generally flat spectra with a slight rise towards 800 nm, which is similar to outer P and D asteroids. The most C‐rich CP IDPs rise steeply towards 800 nm with a redness comparable to that of the outer asteroid object Pholus (Binzel, 1992). Chondritic porous IDPs are the first identified class of meteoritic materials exhibiting spectral reflectivities (between 450 and 800 nm) similar to those of P and D asteroids.Although large mineral grains, secondary magnetite, and small particle effects complicate interpretation of IDP reflectance spectra, microscope spectrophotometry appears to offer a rapid, nondestructive technique for probing the mineralogy of IDPs, comparing them with meteorites, investigating their parent body origins, and identifying IDPs that may have been strongly heated during atmospheric entry.
The inventory of interstellar materials available for the formation of the solar system
Authors: SANDFORD Scott A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract Tremendous progress has been made in the field of interstellar dust in recent years through the use of telescopic observations, theoretical studies, laboratory studies of analogs, and the study of actual interstellar samples found in meteorites. It is increasingly clear that the interstellar medium (ISM) contains an enormous diversity of materials created by a wide range of chemical and physical processes. This understanding is a far cry from the picture of interstellar materials held as recently as two decades ago, a picture which incorporated only a few generic types of grains and few molecules.In this paper, I attempt to review some of our current knowledge of the more abundant materials thought to exist in the ISM. The review concentrates on matter in interstellar dense molecular clouds since it is the materials in these environments from which new stars and planetary systems are formed. However, some discussion is reserved for materials in circumstellar environments and in the diffuse ISM. The paper also focuses largely on solid materials as opposed to gases since solids contain a major fraction of the heavier elements in clouds and because solids are most likely to survive incorporation into new planetary systems in identifiable form. The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the implications resulting from the recent growth of our knowledge about interstellar materials and also considers a number of areas in which future work might be expected to yield important results.
Mineralogy, chemistry, and oxygen isotopes of refractory inclusions from stratospheric interplanetary dust particles and micrometeorites
Authors: GRESHAKE Ansgar , BISCHOFF Adolf , HOPPE Peter 
Published: August 2012

Abstract— Calcium, aluminum‐rich inclusions (CAIs) are characteristic components in carbonaceous chondrites. Their mineralogy is dominated by refractory oxides and silicates like corundum, perovskite, spinel, hibonite, melilite, and Ca‐pyroxene, which are predicted to be the first phases to have condensed from the cooling solar nebula. Allowing insights into processes occurring in the early solar system, CAIs in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites were studied in great detail, whereas only a few refractory inclusions were found and studied in stratospheric interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and micrometeorites.This study gives a summary of all previous studies on refractory inclusions in stratospheric IDPs and micrometeorites and will present new data on two Antarctic micrometeorites. The main results are summarized as follows: (a) Eight stratospheric IDPs and six micrometeorites contain Ca, Al‐rich inclusions or refractory minerals. The constituent minerals include spinel, perovskite, fassaite, hibonite, melilite, corundum, diopside and anorthite. (b) Four of the seven obtained rare‐earth‐element (REE) patterns from refractory objects in stratospheric IDPs and micrometeorites are related to Group III patterns known from refractory inclusions from carbonaceous chondrites. A Group II related pattern was found for spinel and perovskite in two micrometeorites. The seventh REE pattern for an orthopyroxene is unique and can be explained by fractionation of Gd, Lu, and Tb at highly reducing conditions. (c) The O‐isotopic compositions of most refractory objects in stratospheric IDPs and micrometeorites are similar to those of constituents from carbonaceous chondrites and fall on the carbonaceous chondrites anhydrous minerals mixing line. In fact, in most cases, in terms of mineralogy, REE pattern and O‐isotopic composition of refractory inclusions in stratospheric IDPs and micrometeorites are in good agreement with a suggested genetic relation of dust particles and carbonaceous chondrites. Only in the case of one Antarctic micrometeorite does the REE pattern obtained for an orthopyroxene point to a link of this particle to enstatite chondrites.
Delayed metastasis of ocular squamous cell carcinoma following treatment in five horses
Authors: Mair T. S. , Sherlock C. E. , Pearson G. R. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryIdentification of regional and/or distant metastasis following treatment and local resolution of primary ocular squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was observed in 5 horses. In all cases, identification of metastasis occurred at least 18 months following treatment of the primary ocular lesions. In 3 cases, invasion of blood or lymphatic vessels by neoplastic cells was identified in the excisional biopsies of the primary tumour. Two horses developed SCC at 2 or more separate sites. At the time metastases were identified, there was no evidence of local recurrence of the ocular tumour in any of the horses. These cases confirm the importance of long‐term monitoring of horses for metastatic disease following treatment of ocular SCC even in the absence of local recurrence.
Treatment of peri‐implantitis using multiple applications of chlorhexidine chips: a double‐blind, randomized multi‐centre clinical trial
Authors: Machtei Eli E. , Frankenthal Shai , Levi Guy , Elimelech Rina , Shoshani Eyal , Rosenfeld Olivia , Tagger‐Green Nirit , Shlomi Benjamin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundUniversal strategies for managing peri‐implantitis are yet to be adopted. The aim of this study is to examine a protocol of intensive application of chlorhexidine containing chips in sites with peri‐implantitis.Materials and MethodsThis multi‐centre, randomized, double‐blind, parallel, two‐arm clinical trial included 60 patients (77 implants) with probing depth (PD) 6–10 mm and bone loss ≥2 mm around 1–2 implants. One to two weeks following SRP, baseline measurements were made followed by implants' debridement. Patients were randomized to receive matrix chips (MatrixC) or chlorhexidine Chips (PerioC). Measurements and chips placement were repeated at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 18. At 6 months, patients returned for final examination.ResultsProbing depth reduction was greater in the PerioC (2.19 ± 0.24 mm) compared with MatrixC (1.59 ± 0.23 mm), p = 0.07. Seventy percentage of the implants in the PerioC and 54% in the MatrixC had PD reduction ≥ 2 mm. Likewise, 40% of the sites (PerioC) and 24% (MatrixC) had PD reduction ≥ 3 mm. Clinical attachment level gains for both groups were significant; however, the changes in the PerioC group were significantly greater than in MatrixC [2.21 ± 0.23 mm. and 1.56 ± 0.25 mm respectively, p = 0.05]. Bleeding on probing was reduced by half in both groups.ConclusionFrequent placement of PerioC and MatrixC together with implants debridement resulted in a substantial improvement in sites with peri‐implantitis. Further studies will be required to fully appreciate the mechanism of this treatment.
Host plant volatiles responsible for the invasion of Stenotus rubrovittatus (Heteroptera: Miridae) into paddy fields
Authors: Hori M. , Namatame M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe investigated the attractiveness of synthetic volatile blends or individual volatiles of flowering rice panicles or flowering Scirpus juncoides spikelets to the sorghum plant bug Stenotus rubrovittatus (Matsumura). None of the individual chemicals tested attracted either sex of the bug. Synthetic volatile blends of flowering rice panicles composed of geranyl acetone, β‐caryophyllene, n‐decanal, methyl salicylate, β‐elemene and n‐tridecene attracted females. The synthetic blend of volatiles was just as attractive as natural flowering rice panicles to females. Other synthetic blends did not attract the bug. We sampled headspace volatiles from flowering S. juncoides spikelets with solid‐phase microextraction and analysed them using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The main volatile emitted from S. juncoides was β‐caryophyllene, one of the major volatile components of flowering rice panicles. β‐Elemene was a common volatile found in flowering rice panicles and flowering S. juncoides spikelets. Therefore, we investigated the attractiveness of synthetic blends of flowering rice panicles and S. juncoides spikelets composed of β‐caryophyllene and β‐elemene. The synthetic blend of flowering S. juncoides spikelets significantly attracted males but not females. The synthetic blend of flowering rice panicles composed of β‐caryophyllene and β‐elemene did not attract either sex. These results suggest that β‐caryophyllene and β‐elemene are common active compounds responsible for attractiveness of flowering rice panicles and S. juncoides spikelets although some of the other volatile components act synergistically with these two compounds in natural plant odours.
Life tables of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae): with an invalidation of the jackknife technique
Authors: Huang Y.‐B. , Chi H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLife table gives the most comprehensive description on the survival, stage differentiation and reproduction of a population and is thus the most important basis of population ecology and pest management. In this study, we constructed life tables for Bactrocera cucurbitae on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in the laboratory and under simulated field conditions. To assess the variability of the life tables, we carried out two experiments under each treatment. Means, variances and standard errors of life table parameters were estimated for each of the two experiments by using the jackknife technique. At 25°C, the intrinsic rates of increase (r) found for the two experiments were 0.1354 and 0.1002 per day, and the net reproductive rates (R0) were 206.3 and 66.0 offspring, respectively. For cucumbers kept in the field and covered with leaves, the r and R0 for the two experiments were 0.0935 and 0.0909 per day, and 17.5 and 11.4 offspring, respectively. However, if cucumbers were kept in the field but were not covered, the r and R0 for the two experiments were 0.1043 and 0.0904 per day, and 27.7 and 10.1 offspring, respectively. Our results revealed significant variability between the experiments under both laboratory and field conditions; this variability should be taken into consideration in the data collection and application of life tables. However, our mathematical analysis shows that the application of the jackknife technique will result in biologically unrealistic R0,i‐pseudo and consequently overestimation of the variance of R0. According to our analysis, we suggest that the jackknife technique should not be used for the estimation of variability of the net reproductive rate.
Silicon Suppresses Fusarium Wilt Development in Banana Plants
Authors: Fortunato Alessandro Antonio , Rodrigues Fabrício Ávila , Baroni Júlio Cezar Parpaiola , Soares Gustavo César Barbosa , Rodriguez Miguel Angel Dita , Pereira Olinto Liparini 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effect of silicon (Si) in reducing the symptoms of Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), on banana plants. Banana seedlings of Grand Nain (resistant) and Maçã (susceptible) were grown in plastic trays amended with 0 (−Si) or 0.39 g Si (+Si) per kg of soil and inoculated with Foc at 60 days after transplanting. The Si concentration in the roots and rhizome‐pseudostem significantly increased by 30.26 and 58.82%, respectively, for the +Si treatment compared with −Si treatment. The Si concentration in the roots and rhizome‐pseudostem of Grand Nain plants was, respectively, 11.57 and 37.04% greater than that found in Maçã. The +Si plants showed a reduction of 12.37, 49.81, 51.87 and 20.39%, respectively, for the area under reflex leaf symptoms progress curve, the area under root symptoms progress curve, the area under disease progress curve and the area under asymptomatic fungal colonization of tissue progress curve compared with ‐Si plants. The area under darkening of rhizome‐pseudostem progress curve (AUDRPPC) of Maçã significantly increased by 15.98% for the −Si treatment in comparison with the +Si treatment. For the +Si treatment, the AUDRPPC of the plants from the Maçã cultivar significantly decreased by 20.59% in comparison with the plants from the Grand Nain cultivar. The area under relative lesion length progress curve (AURLLPC) of the plants from the Maçã cultivar significantly decreased by 41.54% for the +Si treatment in comparison with the −Si treatment. There was no significant difference between the ‐Si and +Si treatments in the AUDRPPC and AURLLPC of Grand Nain. For the +Si treatment, the AURLLPC of Grand Nain significantly decreased by 9.23% in comparison with Maçã. There was no significant difference between the Grand Nain and Maçã for the AUDRPPC and AURLLPC in the −Si treatment. The findings of this study show that supplying Si to banana plants, especially to a susceptible cultivar to Foc, had a great potential in reducing the intensity of Fusarium wilt and may play a key role in disease management when banana plants are cultivated in Si‐deficient soils infested by this pathogen.
Retracted: Dynamic complex formation between HD‐GYP, GGDEF and PilZ domain proteins regulates motility in Xanthomonas campestris
Authors: Ryan Robert P. , McCarthy Yvonne , Kiely Patrick A. , O'Connor Rosemary , Farah Chuck S. , Armitage Judith P. , Dow J. Maxwell 
Published: August 2012

SummaryRpfG is a member of a class of wide spread bacterial two‐component regulators with an HD‐GYP cyclic di‐GMP phosphodiesterase domain. In the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris, RpfG together with the sensor kinase RpfC regulates multiple factors as a response to the cell‐to‐cell Diffusible Signalling Factor (DSF). A dynamic physical interaction of RpfG with two diguanylate cyclase (GGDEF) domain proteins controls motility. Here we show that, contrary to expectation, regulation of motility by the GGDEF domain proteins does not depend upon their cyclic di‐GMP synthetic activity. Furthermore we show that the complex of RpfG and GGDEF domain proteins recruits a specific PilZ domain ‘adaptor’ protein, and this complex then interacts with the pilus motor proteins PilU and PiIT. The results support a model in which DSF signalling influences motility through the highly regulated dynamic interaction of proteins that affect pilus action. A specific motif that we identify to be required for HD‐GYP domain interaction is conserved in a number of GGDEF domain proteins, suggesting that regulation via interdomain interactions is of broad relevance.
Iron and pH‐responsive FtrABCD ferrous iron utilization system of Bordetella species
Authors: Brickman Timothy J. , Armstrong Sandra K. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryA putative operon encoding an uncharacterized ferrous iron transport (FtrABCD) system was previously identified in cDNA microarray studies. In growth studies using buffered medium at pH values ranging from pH 6.0 to 7.6, Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica FtrABCD system mutants showed dramatic reductions in growth yields under iron‐restricted conditions at pH 6.0, but had no growth defects at pH 7.6. Supplementation of culture medium with 2 mM ascorbate reductant was inhibitory to alcaligin siderophore‐dependent growth at pH 7.6, but had a neglible effect on FtrABCD system‐dependent iron assimilation at pH 6.0 consistent with its predicted specificity for ferrous iron. Unlike Bordetella siderophore‐dependent and haem iron transport systems, and in agreement with its hypothesized role in transport of inorganic iron from periplasm to cytoplasm, FtrABCD system function did not require the TonB energy transduction complex. Gene fusion analysis revealed that ftrABCD promoter activity was maximal under iron‐restricted growth conditions at acidic pH. The pH of human airway surface fluids ranges from pH 5.5 to 7.9, and the FtrABCD system may supply ferrous iron necessary for Bordetella growth in acidic host microenvironments in which siderophores are ineffective for iron retrieval.