bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropathologic Features and Underlying Medical Disease States of Spontaneous Subdural Hematomas in Adults: A Hospital Autopsy Case Series From a Single Tertiary Center
Authors: Wu Annie A. , Zhang Kevin Y. , Srinivas Tara , Materi Joshua D. , Zaikos Thomas , VandenBussche Christopher J. , Ho Cheng-Ying 
Published: July 2024

Context.—
Spontaneous (nontraumatic) subdural hematomas have been reported yet have not been well studied.

Objective.—
To identify the neuropathologic features of acute spontaneous SDHs (ASSDHs) and their associated medical conditions.

Design.—
A retrospective study of 235 autopsy cases of SDH was conducted. Review of demographics, underlying medical conditions, and coagulation profile as well as gross and histopathologic examination of the brain and other organs were performed.

Results.—
Among the 32 cases of ASSDH, 5 cases (15.6%) had severe hemorrhage and 4 (12.5%) demonstrated brain herniation. Twenty-two cases (68.8%) had concurrent but nonconnecting subarachnoid hemorrhage or intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The most common underlying medical condition was thrombocytopenia (n = 21; 65.6%), followed by immunosuppression (n = 15; 46.9), bloodstream infections or sepsis (n = 12; 37.5%), hypertension (n = 13; 40.6%), and coronary artery disease (n = 12; 37.5%). Many patients with thrombocytopenia or immunosuppression had underlying malignancies, with leukemia being the most common type (n = 11; 34.4%). The use of circulatory devices or hemodialysis was noted in a significant portion of ASSDH cases. In terms of coagulation factors, most of our ASSDH patients had normal prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, but abnormal platelet count and D-dimer levels.

Conclusions.—
ASSDHs can be severe and are often associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage and/or intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The causes of ASSDH are limited to certain underlying medical conditions that ultimately lead to bleeding tendency. Autopsies are helpful in determining the etiology. Given their association with abnormal platelet count, correcting platelet deficiencies is a potential preventive measure for ASSDHs.
Pendampingan Penggunaan Aplikasi AI Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Inovasi Dalam Pengajaran Guru Di Sekolah
Authors: Hasnani  , Widya Wulandari  , Sitti Hajrah  , Maria Enjelina Debibilian  , Waode Amaliah  
Published: July 2024

Kebutuhan akan inovasi dalam pembelajaran di sekolah semakin mendesak dengan berkembangnya teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran, pendekatan berbasis kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence/AI) telah menjadi sorotan dalam pendidikan modern. Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pendampingan dalam penggunaan aplikasi AI sebagai upaya peningkatan inovasi dalam pengajaran guru di sekolah. Pendampingan ini meliputi pelatihan dalam penggunaan aplikasi AI, integrasi teknologi ke dalam proses pembelajaran, dan pembuatan konten yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan kurikulum. Dengan bantuan pendampingan ini, para pendidik dapat memanfaatkan potensi AI untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran dan memberikan pengalaman belajar yang lebih menarik dan relevan bagi siswa. Hasil dari kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini menunjukanna bahwa mitra (guru-guru) sangam puas dengan pelatihan yang diberikan. Hal ini juga didukung ole interaksi selama kegiatan yang sangat efektif. Pendampingan diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi positif dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di tingkat Satuan Pendidikan khususnya kepada para guru-guru di SD Negeri Pannara kota Makassar Sulawesi Selatan.
Fostering Preservice Chemistry Teachers’ Digital Competence Through a Socio Scientific Issue-Based Technology Embedded Scientific Inquiry Model
Authors: Priyambodo Erfan , Sofyan Herminanto , Wiyarsi Antuni 
Published: July 2024

A teacher who possesses digital competence will be able to use technology to support learning objectives in an effective and secure manner. Integrating socio scientific issue (SSI) approach in chemistry learning through technology embedded scientific inquiry (TESI) model can make students more active in discussing by using scientific evidence to make decisions regarding a problem. The preservice chemistry teachers’ digital competence is measured using a questionnaire adapted from DigComEdu. The sample of the research was 61 preservice chemistry teachers in a state university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, who took the environmental chemistry course at 2022/2023 academic years. An analysis of the normality of data is a prerequisite for statistical tests. Based on the research, it can be concluded that there were a significant different of digital competence between preservice chemistry teacher who follow environmental chemistry courses with the implementation of the SSI-based TESI and those who do not. The implementation of the SSI-based TESI model in environmental chemistry courses can foster the preservice chemistry teachers’ digital competence before and after learning.
Analisa Ketebalan Dan Stabilitas Pipa Bawah Laut Di Kawasan Kerja Blok Masela Pulau Yamdena
Authors: Karya Ahmad Faiq Dhiyaulhaq , Sade Juswan , Assidiq Fuad Mahfud 
Published: July 2024

Pipa bawah laut atau submarine pipeline merupakan alat atau konsep transportasi yang digunakan untuk mengangkut produk hidrokarbon seperti minyak mentah, gas alam bertekanan tinggi. Bahan fluida yang dibawa atau gas dipompa dari platform melewati dasar laut dengan menggunakan pipeline. Lapangan Abadi Wilayah Kerja Masela (Blok Masela) merupakan salah satu Proyek Strategis Nasional (PSN) yang terletak di Kabupaten Kepulauan Tanimbar, Maluku. Wilayah kerja ini dikembangkan oleh perusahaan INPEX Masela Ltd. Blok ini secara geografis berbatasan dengan Timor Leste dan Australia. Cadangan ini pertama kali ditemukan pada tahun 2000 dan memiliki potensi cadangan gas yang sangat besar yang mencapai 10,73 trilliun kaki kubik (Tcf). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan ketebalan minimum pipa bawah laut, menentukan stabilitas vertikal dan stabilitas lateral yang sesuai dengan DNV RP-F109 dan visualisasi tekanan maksimal yang disebabkan oleh aliran arus signifikan terhadap permukaan pipa dengan menggunakan software Ansys Computational Fluid Dynamics 2023 R2 Student Version. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Pada hasil analisis yang telah diperoleh, ketebalan pipa 11,2 mm dengan menghitung stabilitas vertikal yang diperoleh 0,012 dan stabilitas lateral 0,008. Selain itu, dengan menggunakan software Ansys Computational Fluid Dynamics 2023 R2 Student Version, diperoleh nilai tekanan maksimal (pressure max) sebesar 14 Pa.
La imposibilidad del miedo para garantizar el lazo social: los límites del dispositivo soberano del Leviathan de Thomas Hobbes a la luz de las demandas psíquicas y sociales identificadas por Sigmund Freud
Authors: Hornos Juan Manuel 
Published: July 2024

El objetivo del presente artículo es reinterpretar el dispositivo soberano presente en la filosofía política de Thomas Hobbes, tomando como punto de partida su Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil a través de algunas de las categorías analíticas desarrolladas por Sigmund Freud. Este trabajo busca realizar una crítica a los límites sociales y psíquicos que propone Hobbes. Se argumenta que la visión hobbesiana del estado de naturaleza y del contrato social demuestra falencias a la hora de crear un lazo social duradero al construirse en base al concepto de miedo. Realizaremos un repaso de las principales conexiones que se han realizado entre Sigmund Freud y Thomas Hobbes. En un segundo momento, nos abocaremos a un estudio del estado de naturaleza, el pacto social y la construcción del soberano representante como son presentados en el Leviathan.
Populist and vindictive constructions of sexual offending, pluralities of violence, and the implications for criminal and social justice
Authors: Mahoney Ian , Teague Kirsty , Long Matthew , Winder Belinda 
Published: July 2024

Drawing upon the “sociology of vindictiveness” (Young 2003; 2007) and Sumner’s (1990; 1994) work on censure the authors examine the construal, responses and treatment of individuals who have committed a sexual offence against a child/children (ICSOAC). We seek to understand the dynamics and social processes of the exclusion of others and the way negative, sectional and bureaucratised discourses, policies and practices can “other” marginalised groups, for political expediency. We argue that to fully understand these responses we need to better understand the wider social dynamics and constructions which inform and shape societal perceptions in pursuit of an essentialised “good enemy”. In line with this, we go on to outline the interaction between vindictiveness and populism in the administration of justice and situate the challenges this poses for both punishment and the rehabilitation and reintegration of individuals convicted of sexual crime.
Transforming Growth Factor Beta: Role in Cell Growth and Differentiation
Authors: Serra Rosa 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTransforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is the prototype for a family of multifunctional secreted peptides that control many aspects of growth and development in a cell‐type‐specific manner. TGFβs are well conserved among species indicating their importance in these basic biological processes. TGFβ is secreted in a latent form that is activated outside of the cell. It acts by binding to heteromeric serine/threonine kinase receptors on the cell surface that transmit a signal to nucleus via Smad proteins to ultimately regulate changes in gene expression. Although TGFβ is required for normal development and physiology, alterations in TGFβ signalling are involved in many disease processes including cancer, fibrosis and disorders of the connective tissue like Marfan's syndrome. Understanding the basic mechanisms through which TGFβ mediates cell growth, shape, migration and differentiation should lead to therapeutic interventions for a number of common diseases.Key Concepts:Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is the prototype for a conserved family of multifunctional secreted peptides.TGFβs regulate many basic biological processes including cell proliferation, shape, adhesion, migration and differentiation.TGFβ is secreted from cells in a latent, inactive form that is activated through proteolytic and nonproteolytic mechanisms.TGFβ acts through heteromeric serine/threonine kinase receptors.TGFβ regulates changes in gene expression via Smad proteins.Smad‐independent, noncanonical signalling pathways exist.TGFβ inhibits the cell cycle by regulating the activity of cyclin dependent kinases.TGFβ regulates the expression of key transcription factors, Snail and Slug, which mediate changes in cell shape.TGFβ promotes deposition and accumulation of ECM.TGFβ regulates differentiation through Smads by mediating changes in chromatin structure and binding to master transcriptional regulators.
Cell Migration during Development
Authors: Van Nieuwenhuysen Tom , Vleminckx Kris 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Cell migration is essential during the establishment of a three‐dimensional and multilayered organism. These migratory processes are highly coordinated both in time and space through various intercellular and cell–substrate interactions. Cells, moving either individually or as cohorts, use specific permissive, restrictive, attractive or repulsive guidance cues in their surroundings to move to their final destinations. These cues, which are mostly dynamic, induce specific intracellular responses in the receiving cells and often have direct effects on the cytoskeleton. These signals result in the acquisition of motile behaviour and allow detachment from the surrounding cells or tissue. They further lead to the establishment of cell or tissue polarity and induce directionality in the migration. The molecular nature of the guidance cues during embryonic, larval and foetal development is often analogous in diverse settings of cell migration.

Key Concepts:

Cells follow specific migration routes during development.

Cells can migrate either individually or in groups.

Surrounding guidance cues guide the migrating cells.

Guidance cues can be restrictive versus permissive and attractive versus repulsive.

Guidance cues induce specific intracellular signalling responses.

Intracellular polarity defines the direction of migration.

Collective migration requires molecular interactions between the migrating cells.

Contact inhibition of locomotion affects the coordinated motile behaviour of cranial neural crest cells.
RopGTPases: Polarity and Cell Shape in Plants
Authors: Uhrig Joachim F , Hülskamp Martin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSimilar to Rho GTPases in animals and fungi, Rho of plant (ROP) GTPases, which are active in the guanosine triphosphate‐bound state and inactive in the guanosine diphosphate‐bound state, serve as molecular switches in plants. Although the general function is conserved, the upstream regulators and downstream effectors appear to be plant specific. InArabidopsis thaliana, a gene family of 11 ROPs regulates a wide range of processes among which their role in polarity and cell shape is best studied. Growth and nongrowth regions are defined by ROPs through the differential activation of downstream effectors that, in turn, control the local function of actin and microtubules. ROPs are involved in regulatory feedback loops that mediate tissue‐specific cues to individual growth behaviours of single cells.Key Concepts:The general function of ROPs GTPases in plants is conserved.The upstream and downstream effectors of ROPs are plant specific.ROPs regulate cell shape through the organisation of actin and microtubules.ROPs regulate cell morphogenesis by differential activation of downstream effectors.ROPs regulate the size of growth areas through regulatory feedback loops.
Gibberellin – Mechanism of Action
Authors: Claus Schwechheimer 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Since their discovery, gibberellin (GA) diterpenoid phytohormones have been used by agriculturalists and horticulturalists to control plant growth and to improve yield quantity and quality. Coordinated breeding efforts after World War II have led to strong yield increases following the introduction of dwarfing alleles that impair GA signalling in wheat and GA biosynthesis in rice, later named the ‘Green Revolution’. In the last two decades, the identity of the basic components of the GA signal transduction pathway has been elucidated. Core to GA action is the regulation of DELLA protein levels, repressors that control plant growth by negatively interfering mainly, but as it emerges not exclusively, with transcription regulator activities. Here, the author summarises the current knowledge of GA signal transduction, thereby putting an emphasis on the crosstalk of GA signalling with the light and jasmonic acid signalling pathways and with microtubule organisation.

Key Concepts:

Manipulation of gibberellin (GA) signalling has contributed to the ‘Green Revolution’.

DELLA proteins are GA‐labile growth repressors that mainly, but not exclusively, repress transcription factors.

GA inactivates DELLAs by targeting them for degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasome system.

Alternative GA‐independent DELLA inactivation mechanisms have been described.

GA and DELLAs repress PIF and BZR1 transcription factors to control light‐regulated development.

GA and DELLAs antagonistically control different steps in the signal transduction of the phytohormone jasmonic acid.

GA and DELLAs modulate microtubule formation by modulating prefoldin activity.
Molecular Genetics of Cohesinopathies
Authors: Barbero José L 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) until anaphase during cell division is essential for a correct repartition of genetic material to daughter cells. In the search for molecules involved in this process, two independent laboratories have characterised a protein complex, which was denominated the cohesin complex. Although, in the early years, the research focus was on its role in SCC, some years later, new findings have shown that the cohesin complex is involved in several crucial processes in the genome dynamic,
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
‐repair, DNA replication and control of transcription and gene expression. The metabolism of cohesin complex and its chromosome interactions are regulated by other proteins, which have been referred as cohesin cofactors or cohesin regulators. Mutations in the cohesin subunits and cohesin cofactor genes, which show a little or no effect in chromosome cohesion, but influence significantly changes in the gene expression, provoke some human pathologies that we know as cohesinopathies.

Key Concepts:

The protein complex was given the name ‘cohesin’ because it was first characterised in sister chromatid cohesion during chromosome segregation.

Cohesin complex function during cell division is essential for correct chromosome segregation to daughter cells and to avoid aneuploidies and tumour formation.

Cohesin complex have other important functions apart from chromosome segregation in the genome dynamic, such us DNA‐damage repair, DNA duplication and gene expression control.

The role of cohesin complex in gene expression control is essential for right organism development.

Cohesin complex functions are also regulated by the cohesin‐interacting proteins named cohesin cofactors or cohesin regulators.

Mutations in the genes codifying for cohesin complex subunits and/or cohesin cofactors provoke human syndromes denominated cohesinopathies.
Cancer and the Ageing Process
Authors: Dimri Manjari , Dimri Goberdhan P 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe ageing process is a highly complex eventual outcome of development. Cancer is a disease of multicellular organisms that results primarily due to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Although cancer is a pathological phenomenon, ageing by itself is a natural process. However, ageing can promote certain age‐related pathologies including cancer. Both cancer and the ageing process have deleterious effects on the well‐being of an organism. At the cellular level, a complex phenotype known as cellular senescence regulates both cancer and the ageing process. A cell undergoes senescence due to telomere shortening or exposure to various stress factors. Senescent cells are morphologically and functionally distinct from proliferating and apoptotic cells. These cells do not divide but are metabolically active. In the context of a tissue or an organ, senescent cells exert both cell autonomous and nonautonomous effects, which regulate cancer and the ageing process.Key Concepts:Ageing is the key risk factor for cancer and it promotes cancer.All normal cells undergo cellular senescence, a permanent growth‐arrested phase.Cellular senescence results due to intrinsic factors such as telomere shortening or extrinsic factors such as stress.Induction of senescence by intrinsic or extrinsic factors is mediated by p53/p21 and p16INK4A/pRB tumour suppressor pathways.Tumour suppressor pathways not only regulate cancer but also regulate organismic ageing.Cellular senescence contributes to ageing and cancer via its cell autonomous and nonautonomous effects.Cellular senescence can suppress or promote cancer via cell autonomous and nonautonomous mechanisms.Model systems can be used to study the mechanism of ageing and cancer.
Alterations inDNAMethylation Resulting from Exposure to Chemical Carcinogens
Authors: Pogribny Igor P , Kobets Tetyana , Beland Frederick A 
Published: March 2014

AbstractContinuous exposure to natural and man‐made chemicals is a major cause of noncommunicable human diseases, including cancer. Accumulated data indicate that an exposure to chemical carcinogens induces a range of genetic and epigenetic events, including alterations in thedeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)methylation pattern, which may be associated with cancer development and progression. Accumulated evidence indicates that the response of the DNA methylome to chemical carcinogens, especially lifestyle and food carcinogens, is critical in the carcinogenic process. The better understanding of mechanisms and processes associated with carcinogen‐induced DNA methylation abnormalities may be helpful for carcinogen hazard identification, carcinogen risk assessment and management, and the prevention of cancer.Key Concepts:Exposure to natural and man‐made chemicals is a major cause of human cancer.Chemical carcinogens induce a range of genetic and epigenetic events, including alterations in the DNA methylation pattern.Alteration of the DNA methylation status is one of the underlying mechanisms of the carcinogenicity of a number of established environmental and occupational carcinogenic agents.Carcinogen‐induced DNA methylation changes consist of DNA and repetitive element demethylation, gene‐specific hypermethylation and gene silencing, gene‐specific hypomethylation and activation of gene transcription and altered expression or activity of DNA methyltransferases.Epigenetic alterations may be used as biomarkers in the evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of chemicals.The incorporation of epigenetic technologies in cancer risk assessment promises to enhance substantially the efficiency of carcinogenicity testing.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Acylation of 2‐Aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with Aldehydes
Authors: Wang Zechao , Tian Qinshan , Yu Xin , Kuang Chunxiang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed acylation of 2‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with aldehydes via CH bond activation is described. A wide variety of products was isolated in good to excellent yields. This finding provides a new and useful strategy for the synthesis of aromatic ketones.magnified image
Metal‐Free Trifluoromethylation and Arylation of Alkenes: Domino Synthesis of Oxindole Derivatives
Authors: Shi Liangliang , Yang Xiaobo , Wang Yuyuan , Yang Haijun , Fu Hua 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA novel, simple and highly efficient method for the synthesis of 3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐indolin‐2‐one derivatives has been developed. The protocol uses readily available N‐alkyl‐N‐phenylacrylamides as the starting materials, inexpensive and easily stored Langlois reagent (sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate) as the trifluoromethyl source, and iodobenzene diacetate [PhI(OAc)2] as the oxidant. The procedure involves a metal‐free domino trifluoromethylation and arylation of alkenes. The methods did not need mediation of any transition metal which avoided contaminations of toxic metals in the products.magnified image
Psychosocial factors at work and sickness absence: Results from the French National SUMER Survey
Authors: Lesuffleur Thomas , Chastang Jean‐François , Sandret Nicolas , Niedhammer Isabelle 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThis study aims at exploring the associations between psychosocial work factors and sickness absence.MethodsThe sample from the French National Survey SUMER 2010 included 46,962 employees. Sickness absence spells and days within the last year were studied as two outcomes. Psychosocial work factors included psychological demands, decision latitude, social support, reward, working time, and workplace violence variables. Covariates were age, occupation, economic activity, and other occupational exposures.ResultsFor both genders, low latitude, low reward, shift work, bullying, and verbal abuse were risk factors of absence spells while long working hours were a protective factor. High demands, low support, and physical violence were risk factors for women. Low support and bullying for both genders, high demands for women, and low reward, long working hours, and physical violence for men increased absence duration.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of psychosocial work factors as risk factors of sickness absence. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:695–708, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.