bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Does Not Exacerbate Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in theSOD1G93ARat Model
Authors: Thomsen Gretchen M. , Vit Jean-Philippe , Lamb Alexander , Gowing Genevieve , Shelest Oksana , Alkaslasi Mor , Ley Eric J. , Svendsen Clive N. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease in which upper and lower motor neurons degenerate, leading to muscle atrophy, paralysis, and death within 3 to 5 years of onset. While a small percentage of ALS cases are genetically linked, the majority are sporadic with unknown origin. Currently, etiological links are associated with disease onset without mechanistic understanding. Of all the putative risk factors, however, head trauma has emerged as a consistent candidate for initiating the molecular cascades of ALS. Here, we test the hypothesis that traumatic brain injury (TBI) in theSOD1G93Atransgenic rat model of ALS leads to early disease onset and shortened lifespan. We demonstrate, however, that a one-time acute focal injury caused by controlled cortical impact does not affect disease onset or survival. Establishing the negligible involvement of a single acute focal brain injury in an ALS rat model increases the current understanding of the disease. Critically, untangling a single focal TBI from multiple mild injuries provides a rationale for scientists and physicians to increase focus on repeat injuries to hopefully pinpoint a contributing cause of ALS.
Pulmonary metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer: efficacy of radioiodine therapy and prognostic factors
Authors: Song Hong-Jun , Qiu Zhong-Ling , Shen Chen-Tian , Wei Wei-Jun , Luo Quan-Yong 
Published: June 2015

ContextData from a large cohort of patients with pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) were retrospectively analyzed.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of radioiodine therapy and investigate the prognostic factors of survival for patients with pulmonary metastasis secondary to DTC.MethodsA total of 372 patients with pulmonary metastasis from DTC treated with131I entered the study. According to the results of131I whole-body scan (WBS), pulmonary metastases were classified as131I-avid and non-131I-avid. For patients with131I-avid lung metastases, treatment response was measured by three parameters: serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, chest computed tomography (CT) and post-therapeutic131I-WBS. Overall survival was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Factors predictive of the outcome were determined by multivariate analyses.ResultsAmong patients demonstrating131I-avid pulmonary metastases (256/372, 68.8%), 156 cases (156/256, 60.9%) showed a significant decrease in serum Tg levels after131I therapy and 138 cases (138/229, 60.3%) showed a reduction in pulmonary metastases on follow-up CT. A complete cure, however, was only achieved in 62 cases (62/256, 24.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that only age, the presence of multiple distant metastases and pulmonary metastatic node size were significant independent variables between the groups of131I-avid and non-131I-avid.ConclusionThis study indicated that, most131I-avid pulmonary metastases from DTC can obtain partial or complete remission after131I therapy. Younger patients (<40 years old) with only pulmonary metastases and small (‘fine miliaric’ or micronodular) metastases appear to have relative favorite outcomes. Patients who do not respond to131I treatment have a worse prognosis.
EL debate sobre la abolición del comercio internacional de esclavos durante la independencia y la temprana república en Colombia
Authors: Pita Pico Roger 
Published: June 2015

Este trabajo intenta abordar el intenso debate registrado en torno al tráfico internacional de esclavos durante el periodo de Independencia y los primeros años de vida republicana en Colombia. El camino hacia la abolición no fue fácil. Fue evidente el juego de fuerzas entre tendencias conservadoras y progresistas, lo cual hizo que este proceso estuviera signado por una combinación de avances y retrocesos. Particularmente, los sectores económicos que dependían de la mano de obra expresaron su oposición a los intentos por implementar restricciones a esta actividad comercial. Los continuos cambios de gobierno, en razón a la intensa lucha política y militar por el poder, impidió el desarrollo de una política coherente a largo plazo en materia de abolición del tráfico esclavista aunque es indudable que los gobiernos le imprimieron un mayor impulso a este propósito humanitario. Finalmente, debe reconocerse que estos debates en torno a la trata de alguna manera contribuyeron a estimular las propuestas que tenían como meta abolir definitivamente el sistema esclavista.
Mecanismos de control en la ciudad de Osorno en el contexto de dictadura militar 1973 - 1990
Authors: Sepúlveda Chávez Miguel Ángel 
Published: June 2015

<p>El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir los mecanismos de poder y control utilizados en la ciudad de Osorno bajo en el período de Dictadura Militar. El Golpe Militar del 11 de septiembre de 1973 y la instauración de una dictadura de diecisiete años en Chile, fue un hecho que marcó a la sociedad chilena en general. Durante el tiempo que duró, se intentó omitir los violentos actos ejecutados contra todos los contrarios al régimen militar. Sistemáticas violaciones a los Derechos Humanos, segregación, desigualdad social, instauración del sistema neoliberal, entre otras, son solo algunas de sus principales secuelas, que fueron respaldadas por los variados mecanismos de control utilizados por el Estado chileno.</p>
Acerca de los orígenes de las festividades de la Virgen del Mar en la Ciudad de Puntarenas
Authors: Abarca Oriester , Arias Alpízar Luz Mary 
Published: June 2015

<p>La advocación de la Virgen del Carmen es una tradición de origen europeo que se difundió en América al menos desde el siglo XVII. En su versión de Virgen del Mar se difundió desde España. Fundadas por el presbítero José Daniel Carmona en 1914, en la ciudad de Puntarenas se celebran las festividades de la Virgen del Mar como un conjunto de actos religiosos que también suponen la confluencia de intereses económicos y políticos. </p><p align="center"><strong><br /></strong></p>
Electrical Characteristics of RF Sputtered ZnO/HfO2 Interfaces in Transparent Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Thapaliya Prem , Lu Wenchao , Jha Rashmi 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, we have reported the interface characterization of rf sputtered ZnO/HfO2 in thin film transistor structure by dc current-voltage and admittance spectroscopy. The interface state density (Dit) of 1013 eV−1cm−2 was extracted from the Gp/ω vs ω plot was comparable to value obtained from the subthreshold behavior. The grain boundary trap density (NGB) of 9.12×1012 cm−2 was estimated using Levinson’s model. The interface state density distribution below the conduction band edge shows a decreasing trend with energy below the conduction band edge. We also studied the impact of introducing MgO interfacial layer between ZnO and HfO2 interface as an approach towards decreasing the interface state density.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS CIRCULATING IN THE URAL REGION, RUSSIA
Authors: Umpeleva T. V. , Kravchenko M. A. , Eremeeva N. I. , Vyazovaya A. A. , Narvskaya O. V. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Overall 178 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates recovered in 2009–2011 from newly diagnosed epidemiologically unlinked to TB patients in the Ural region of Russia have been studied. The absolute concentration method was used for drug susceptibility testing. Mutations katG, inhA and rpoB associated with resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin were detected by microchip technology («TB-Biochip»). The isolates were genotyped by real-time PCR for the detection of Beijing/non-Beijing genotypes and 15-locus MIRU-VNTR typing according to «MIRU-VNTRplus» (http://www.miru-vntrplus.org). More than half (55.1%) of 178 isolates belonged to the Beijing family, 58.7% of them were multiple drug resistant (MDR) mostly due to rpoBSer531→Leu and katGSer315→Thr1 substitutions. Fifty VNTR profiles were found in 98 Beijing isolates; 57 of them grouped into 9 clusters. The largest VNTR cluster included 23 (23.5%) Beijing isolates and 21 of them were MDR. The 80 non-Beijing isolates showed 64 distinct VNTR patterns which belonged to 6 genetic families: LAM, Ural, Haarlem, etc. Among LAM and Ural isolates 30.4% and 28.6% were MDR, respectively. The 5 of 7 MDR LAM isolates had specific mutation profile: rpoBAsp516→Val substitution and mutations katGSer315→Thr1 and inhA_T15. The MDR Ural isolates showed the heterogeneity of mutations in rpoB gene compared to other genotypes. Taken together, these findings suggest the emergence and spread of MDR-TB in the Ural region which is characterized by circulation of MDR strains of different genotypes with the Beijing family genotype to be predominant.
ENTEROBACTERIACAE, PRODUCING ESBLS AND METALLO-β-LACTAMASE NDM-1, ISOLATED IN HOSPITALS OF BALTIC REGION COUNTRIES
Authors: Egorova S. A. , Kaftyreva L. A. , Lipskaya L. V. , Konovalenko I. B. , Pyasetskaya M. F. , Kurchikova T. S. , Vedernikova N. B. , Morozova O. T. , Smirnova M. V. , Popenko L. N. , Lubushkina M. I. , Savochkina J. A. , Makarova M. A. , Suzhaeva L. V. , Ostankova J. V. , Ivanova M. N. , Pavelkovich A. M. , Naaber P. , Sepp E. , Kõljalg S. , Miciuleviciene J. , Balode A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract. We studied the prevalence of K. pneumoniae and E. coli resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems, isolated from patients of eight hospitals in St-Petersburg from January to May, 2012. Prevalence of cephalosporin resistant isolates varied in different hospitals: E. coli – from 7,8 to 50%, K. pneumoniae – from 25,4 to 88,4%. Isolates produced extended spectrum beta-lactamases СТХ-М, mainly СТХ-М-1, also СТХ-М-2 and СТХ-М-9. Twenty two carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strains (also resistant to other antimicrobials) were isolated in three hospitals. MALDI-TOF MS showed that carbapenem resistance was caused by carbapenemase. Carbapenemases of all isolates belonged to metallo-β-lactamases according to results of the ROSCO Diagnostica tests. The gene coding production of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (blaNDM-1) were detected in all strains. Our data confirmed that the main cephalosporin resistance mechanism of E. coli и K. pneumoniae in Baltic region (including Russia, St-Petersburg) is CTX-M-1 production. For the first time in Russia K. pneumoniae strains producing metallo-β-lactamases NDM-1 were isolated in several hospitals of St-Petersburg.
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE AND PRESENCE OF CLASS 1 INTEGRONS IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS, CIRCULATING IN ARMENIA
Authors: Sedrakyan A. M. , Arakelova K. A. , Zakaryan M. K. , Hovhanisyan A. I. , Asoyan A. V. , Gevorkyan Z. U. , Mnatsakanyan A. A. , Ktsoyan Z. A. , Boyajyan A. S. , Aminov R. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The aim of this work was detection of class 1 integrons and their contribution to the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in strains of subspecies enterica serotype Enteritidis. S. Enteritidis strains (n = 29) were isolated from patients with salmonellosis at “Nork” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia. High prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotypes was revealed and isolates with MDR phenotypes which are rare in the S. Enteritidis serotype were observed. Class 1 integrons were detected in 27,6% of isolates, with the prevalence of a variable region of 1000 bp. Occurrence of the MDR phenotype was more frequent in integron-positive isolates compared to integron-negative isolates of S. Enteritidis. Further studies are necessary to reveal the genetic background of MDR phenotypes and to estimate the genetic kinship among the isolates. Our results suggest a rapid and large-scale penetration of antibiotic resistance genes into populations of S. Enteritidis, which complicates infection control. More rigorous regulations should be imposed on antibiotic use, together with a vigilant epidemiological surveillance, to prevent the emergence and spread of MDR S. Enteritidis.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Slump Test for Identifying Neuropathic Pain in the Lower Limb
Authors: Urban Lawrence M. , MacNeil Brian J. 
Published: June 2015

Study Design Diagnostic accuracy study with nonconsecutive enrollment. Objectives To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the slump test for neuropathic pain (NeP) in those with low to moderate levels of chronic low back pain (LBP), and to determine whether accuracy of the slump test improves by adding anatomical or qualitative pain descriptors. Background Neuropathic pain has been linked with poor outcomes, likely due to inadequate diagnosis, which precludes treatment specific for NeP. Current diagnostic approaches are time consuming or lack accuracy. Methods A convenience sample of 21 individuals with LBP, with or without radiating leg pain, was recruited. A standardized neurosensory examination was used to determine the reference diagnosis for NeP. Afterward, the slump test was administered to all participants. Reports of pain location and quality produced during the slump test were recorded. Results The neurosensory examination designated 11 of the 21 participants with LBP/sciatica as having NeP. The slump test displayed high sensitivity (0.91), moderate specificity (0.70), a positive likelihood ratio of 3.03, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.13. Adding the criterion of pain below the knee significantly increased specificity to 1.00 (positive likelihood ratio = 11.9). Pain-quality descriptors did not improve diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion The slump test was highly sensitive in identifying NeP within the study sample. Adding a pain-location criterion improved specificity. Combining the diagnostic outcomes was very effective in identifying all those without NeP and half of those with NeP. Limitations arising from the small and narrow spectrum of participants with LBP/sciatica sampled within the study prevent application of the findings to a wider population. Level of Evidence Diagnosis, level 4-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(8):596–603. Epub 24 Jun 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5414
Impact of Varying the Parameters of Stimulation of 2 Commonly Used Waveforms on Muscle Force Production and Fatigue
Authors: Lein Donald H. , Myers Christina , Bickel C. Scott 
Published: June 2015

Study Design Laboratory-based experimental study using a repeated-measures design. Objectives To determine the effect of varying stimulation parameters of burst-modulated alternating current (BMAC) and pulsed current (PC) on quadriceps femoris muscle force output and fatigue. Background The impact of altering stimulation parameters on muscle force and fatigue using PC has been well described; however, less is known regarding BMAC. Methods Quadriceps femoris muscle force was measured during a series of neuromuscular electrical stimulation-induced muscle contractions, with varying combinations of pulse duration and frequency, using PC or varying duty cycles and burst frequencies using BMAC. Additionally, muscle fatigue tests were conducted bilaterally with different stimulation waveforms and parameters. Results For PC, the product of pulse duration and frequency was strongly predictive of muscle force output (R2 = 0.85, P<.05). When using BMAC, the duty cycle was a strong predictor of force output (R2 = 0.91, P<.05). Altering the frequency during BMAC had no effect on muscle force production, as opposed to the classic force-frequency relationship consistently observed with PC. Waveform type significantly impacts muscle fatigue, the BMAC resulted in a more rapid rate of fatigue irrespective of stimulation frequency, and it was confirmed again that lower frequencies of PC result in less fatigue during repeated muscle contractions. Conclusion In this study, altering the burst frequency of BMAC did not influence muscle force or fatigue, whereas the duty cycle significantly impacted muscle force production. Frequency of PC impacted both force and fatigue as expected, demonstrating increased muscle force and fatigue with increased frequency. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(8):634–641. Epub 24 Jun 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5574
Dynamic Balance Deficits 6 Months Following First-Time Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain: A Laboratory Analysis
Authors: Doherty Cailbhe , Bleakley Chris , Hertel Jay , Caulfield Brian , Ryan John , Delahunt Eamonn 
Published: June 2015

Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Objective To utilize kinematic and stabilometric measures to compare dynamic balance during performance of the Star Excursion Balance Test between persons 6 months following first-time lateral ankle sprain (LAS) and a noninjured control group. Background Biomechanical evaluation of dynamic balance in persons following first-time LAS during performance of the Star Excursion Balance Test could provide insight into the mechanisms by which individuals proceed to recover fully or develop chronic ankle instability. Methods Sagittal plane kinematics of the lower extremity and the center-of-pressure path during the performance of the anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial reach directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test were obtained from 69 participants 6 months following first-time acute LAS and from a control group of 20 noninjured participants. Results Compared to the control group, the LAS group displayed lower normalized reach distances in all 3 reach directions on the injured and noninjured limbs, with the largest observed effect size in the posterolateral direction (P = .001, ηp2 = 0.07). The performance impairment was associated with less hip and knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion at the point of maximum reach (P<.02), and coincided with less complexity of the center-of-pressure path (P<.05). Conclusion Participants with a 6-month history of LAS exhibit a persistence of deficits previously established in the acute phase of injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(8):626–633. Epub 24 Jun 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5653
An Arctic Environmental Studies Program: Offshore Environmental Data Management in the Chukchi Sea
Authors: Eick C. D. , Cowee C. S. 
Published: June 2015

The Chukchi Sea Environmental Studies Program (CSESP) offers a multidisciplinary, multiyear approach to understanding the Arctic ecosystems of the northeastern Chukchi Sea. A joint effort between ConocoPhillips and Shell, including Statoil from 2010 to 2013, CSESP has been in operation since 2008, beginning directly after Lease Sale 193 and completing its final data collection in summer 2014.
Because of the expansiveness of CSESP and the importance of having reliable, defensible data to support permitting, CSESP has instituted a comprehensive data management program. The program covers all aspects of data collection, quality control and data distribution, which ensure data integrity and standardization throughout all phases of CSESP.
This paper discusses the role that technology plays in CSESP's challenging offshore data collection design including a custom computerized data input system and web-based tools for quality control and data submission. Technology helps CSESP scientists collect data more accurately, automate daily and weekly reports, ensure that data are standardized from year to year, and transport data securely from vessel to final report.
Emphasis will be placed on the reasons for and benefits of standardizing data tables, and the need for quality control tools to enforce those standards.
The Relationship between Stapes Prosthesis Length and Rate of Stapedectomy Success
Authors: Marchica Cinzia L. , Saliba Issam 
Published: June 2015

Objectives To identify whether measurement of the prosthesis length is mandatory in patients requiring otosclerosis surgeries and to assess their postoperative audiometric outcomes. In addition, evaluation of prosthesis length used in revision compared to primary stapedectomy was carried out. Study Design Case series with chart review. Methods Chart review of 393 patients undergoing primary (321) versus revision stapedectomy (72) was performed in a tertiary referral center. The indication for surgery was the presence or persistence/recurrence of an air-bone gap (ABG) greater than 20 dB. Air and bone conduction thresholds (ACT and BCT, respectively), ABG as well as pure tone averages (PTAs) were determined for all patients, and the results were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. Results Prosthesis length used ranged from 3.0 to 6.0 mm without differences between primary and revision groups. Of the revision surgeries, 62.5% were stapedectomies versus stapedotomies (P < 0.001). Patients showed significant decrease in speech discrimination score, with increased air and bone conduction thresholds as well as mean ABG and PTA before the revision surgeries as a first procedure failure. Prosthesis length changes occurred in 73.5% of the cases, with an average absolute change of 0.55 mm. Prosthesis length did not affect postoperative audiometric results between primary and revision groups, in all surgeries combined. When grouping stapes surgery into accurately versus inaccurately measured incus-footplate distance, significant differences were observed in prosthesis length employed (P < 0.01). Hearing outcomes were also better in the group in which an accurately measured prosthesis was chosen, as opposed to “standard-length” prosthesis. Conclusions This study corroborates postoperative success rates of revision surgeries, which show smaller improvements in hearing compared to a primary intervention. Accurate intra-operative measurement of prosthesis length was correlated with better audiometric results postoperatively.
Sensory Sensitivity and Strategies for Coping With Pain
Authors: Meredith Pamela J. , Rappel Georgia , Strong Jenny , Bailey Kirsty J. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to investigate the relationship between sensory processing styles and use of pain coping strategies in an experimental setting to understand individual differences in pain coping.
METHOD. A cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 116 healthy adults. Measures of sensory processing style and mood state were collected before participation in a cold pressor pain-inducement task, and measures of coping strategies were collected afterward. Multiple regression models were constructed to examine relationships between sensory processing and coping strategies.
RESULTS. Sensory sensitivity and sensation avoiding were significantly associated with higher levels of catastrophizing. Sensation seeking was linked with active coping strategies, such as coping self-statements. Low registration was not significantly associated with any particular coping strategy after controlling for salient variables.
CONCLUSION. This study highlights associations between sensory processing and pain coping strategies, which may inform more tailored approaches to clinical practice for people in pain.