bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xylem vessel relays contribute to radial connectivity in grapevine stems (Vitis vinifera and V. arizonica; Vitaceae)
Authors: Brodersen Craig R. , Choat Brendan , Chatelet David S. , Shackel Kenneth A. , Matthews Mark A. , McElrone Andrew J. 
Published: January 2013

• Premise of the study: Xylem network connections play an important role in water and nutrient transport in plants, but also facilitate the spread of air embolisms and xylem‐dwelling pathogens. This study describes the structure and function of vessel relays found in grapevine xylem that form radial and tangential connections between spatially discrete vessels.• Methods: We used high‐resolution computed tomography, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and single‐vessel dye injections to characterize vessel relays in stems and compare their distributions and structure in two Vitis species.• Key results: Vessel relays were composed of 1–8 narrow diameter (∼25 µm) vessel elements and were oriented radially, connecting vessels via scalariform pitting within a xylem sector delineated by rays. The functional connectedness of vessels linked by vessel relays was confirmed with single‐vessel dye injections. In 4.5‐cm sections of stem tissue, there were 26% more vessel relays in V. vinifera compared with V. arizonica.• Conclusions: Because of their spatial distribution within Vitis xylem, vessel relays increase the connectivity between vessels that would otherwise remain isolated. Differences in vessel relays between Vitis species suggest these anatomical features could contribute to disease and embolism resistance in some species.
Andean and Tibetan patterns of adaptation to high altitude
Authors: Bigham Abigail W. , Wilson Megan J. , Julian Colleen G. , Kiyamu Melisa , Vargas Enrique , Leon‐Velarde Fabiola , Rivera‐Chira Maria , Rodriquez Carmelo , Browne Vaughn A. , Parra Esteban , Brutsaert Tom D. , Moore Lorna G. , Shriver Mark D. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesHigh‐altitude hypoxia, or decreased oxygen levels caused by low barometric pressure, challenges the ability of humans to live and reproduce. Despite these challenges, human populations have lived on the Andean Altiplano and the Tibetan Plateau for millennia and exhibit unique circulatory, respiratory, and hematological adaptations to life at high altitude. We and others have identified natural selection candidate genes and gene regions for these adaptations using dense genome scan data. One gene previously known to be important in cellular oxygen sensing, egl nine homolog 1 (EGLN1), shows evidence of positive selection in both Tibetans and Andeans. Interestingly, the pattern of variation for this gene differs between the two populations. Continued research among Tibetan populations has identified statistical associations between hemoglobin concentration and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype at EGLN1 and a second gene, endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1).MethodsTo measure for the effects of EGLN1 and EPAS1 altitude genotypes on hemoglobin concentration among Andean highlanders, we performed a multiple linear regression analysis of 10 candidate SNPs in or near these two genes.ResultsOur analysis did not identify significant associations between EPAS1 or EGLN1 SNP genotypes and hemoglobin concentration in Andeans.ConclusionsThese results contribute to our understanding of the unique set of adaptations developed in different highland groups to the hypoxia of high altitude. Overall, the results provide key insights into the patterns of geneticadaptation to high altitude in Andean and Tibetan populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:190–197, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Power to detect trends in abundance of secretive marsh birds: Effects of species traits and sampling effort
Authors: Steidl Robert J. , Conway Courtney J. , Litt Andrea R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractStandardized protocols for surveying secretive marsh birds have been implemented across North America, but the efficacy of surveys to detect population trends has not been evaluated. We used survey data collected from populations of marsh birds across North America and simulations to explore how characteristics of bird populations (proportion of survey stations occupied, abundance at occupied stations, and detection probability) and aspects of sampling effort (numbers of survey routes, stations/route, and surveys/station/year) affect statistical power to detect trends in abundance of marsh bird populations. In general, the proportion of survey stations along a route occupied by a species had a greater relative effect on power to detect trends than did the number of birds detected per survey at occupied stations. Uncertainty introduced by imperfect detection during surveys reduced power to detect trends considerably, but across the range of detection probabilities for most species of marsh birds, variation in detection probability had only a minor influence on power. For species that occupy a relatively high proportion of survey stations (0.20), have relatively high abundances at occupied stations (2.0 birds/station), and have high detection probability (0.50), ≥40 routes with 10 survey stations per route surveyed 3 times per year would provide an 80% chance of detecting a 3% annual decrease in abundance after 20 years of surveys. Under the same assumptions but for species that are less common, ≥100 routes would be needed to achieve the same power. Our results can help inform the design of programs to monitor trends in abundance of marsh bird populations, especially with regards to the amount of sampling effort necessary to meet programmatic goals. © 2013 The Wildlife Society
Quiescent‐inflow single‐shot magnetic resonance angiography using a highly undersampled radial k‐space trajectory
Authors: Edelman R. R. , Giri S. , Dunkle E. , Galizia M. , Amin P. , Koktzoglou I. 
Published: January 2013

PurposeWe hypothesized that high undersampling factors could be used in conjunction with radial quiescent‐inflow single‐shot magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to accelerate the data acquisition and enable multislice acquisitions.MethodsSeven subjects were imaged on a 1.5 T MRI system. For multislice quiescent‐inflow single‐shot MRA, the venous saturation radiofrequency pulse, in‐plane saturation radiofrequency pulse, and quiescent interval were applied only once before the first slice.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) measurements for the intra‐arterial signal‐to‐noise ratio were as follows: Cartesian 1 slice—29.3 (5.5); radial 1 slice, 92 views—22.3 (3.6); radial 1 slice, 46 views—18.5 (2.0); radial 2 slices, 46 views—18.3 (3.2); and radial 3 slices, 32 views—21.7 (3.9), normalized for pixel size to 15.8. Horizontal striping was present with multislice radial quiescent‐inflow single‐shot MRA (especially with the three‐slice acquisition) due to variable T1 relaxation between the concurrently acquired slices, but the image quality remained diagnostic. Vascular pathology in patients with peripheral arterial disease was well shown by all techniques.ConclusionVery high undersampling factors in excess of 18 have been demonstrated for nonenhanced MRA using a radial quiescent‐inflow single‐shot technique, enabling the acquisition of two to three slices per cardiac cycle. Scan time for a complete peripheral MRA could be shortened to 2 min or less. Magn Reson Med 70:1662–1668, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How Chinese adolescent girls perceive gender roles: a psychographic study
Authors: Chan Kara , Leung Ng Yu 
Published: January 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to replicate a psychographic segmentation of adolescent girls in Hong Kong. It attempts to see if the segmentation of Hong Kong girls according to the perceptions of gender roles and ideal female images can be generalized to girls in Mainland China.

Design/methodology/approach
– A convenience sample of 331 Shanghai female secondary school students aged 12 to 20 were asked to answer questions about gender roles, ideal female images, and their liking of international and Chinese brands. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis were conducted.

Findings
– Four segments of adolescent girls were identified and profiled. They were conformists, aggressive pursuers, image protectors, and single-handers.

Research limitations/implications
– The data were collected from a non-probabilistic sample of girls from Shanghai, which may not be representative of girls in other Mainland Chinese cities or elsewhere in greater China.

Practical implications
– Different marketing communication strategies can be adopted to make global and Chinese national brands more appealing to the different clusters.

Originality/value
– This has been the first study to cluster adolescent girls in Mainland China based on gender role perceptions.
Christian Burial Practice in the Early Middle Ages: Rethinking the Anglo‐Saxon Funerary Sphere
Authors: Sayer Duncan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAnglo‐Saxon burial practices are particularly interesting because there is considerable variation in the archaeological record. In the earlier period local communities used a single cemetery site and grave goods were a mode of expression that signalled difference. In the Christian period grave goods were not employed in the same way but this change may not have had religion as its central agent. Moreover, the context of display changed and diversity was found in the location of burial – Minster, churchyard, field cemetery or execution site, and amongst the social‐signals that these contexts indicated were included rank and religious association as well as family and deviant status. Dissimilar numbers of children – up to 51% in churchyards compared to 25% in field cemeteries – show that cemeteries must have held a different meaning amongst different social groups, indeed England’s earliest Christian communities’ seem to have considered churchyards to be significant places for the burial of children, but not the rural family, a contrast which may also have extended to other social groups.
Plasmatic tissue factor pathway inhibitor is a major determinant of clotting in factor VIII inhibited plasma or blood
Authors: Knappe Sabine , Jilma Bernd , Derhaschnig Ulla , Hartmann Rudolf , Palige Michael , Scheiflinger Fritz , Gorczyca Monika , Dockal Michael 
Published: January 2013

SummaryTissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a major inhibitor of coagulation. We therefore hypothesised that high plasmatic TFPI levels are associated with impaired ex vivo clotting in a model of acquired haemophilia. Blood samples were collected in a prospective clinical study from 30 healthy volunteers. Coagulation in normal or factor VIII (FVIII)-inhibited human blood or plasma was measured by the calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Both methods are global haemostatic assays that provide insight into the whole coagulation process. Monoclonal mouse antibodies raised against either the C-terminus or the Kunitz domain 2 of TFPI were used to determine full-length (fl-) and total TFPI by an enzyme-immunoassay. Clotting times and parameters of thrombin generation correlated with TFPI levels. Subjects with low fl-TFPI levels had significantly shorter clotting times and a higher endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) compared to those with high fl-TFPI levels (p≤0.005 for all). An even stronger effect was seen in FVIII-inhibited blood/plasma: ROTEM clotting time was 26% shorter (p=0.01) and the ETP assessed by CAT was >2-fold higher in subjects with low fl-TFPI levels (p≤0.0001). Plasmatic TFPI is a major determinant of coagulation in global haemostatic tests particularly when FVIII is missing. Thus, inhibition of TFPI might be a promising novel treatment approach, especially in haemophilia patients with FVIII inhibitors.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Arylspiroborates Derived from 2,3‐Dihydroxynaphthalene
Authors: Geier Michael J. , Bowes Eric G. , Lee Graham M. , Li Haoxin , O'Neill Taryn , Flewelling Andrew , Vogels Christopher M. , Decken Andreas , Gray Christopher A. , Westcott Stephen A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTA family of arylspiroborate compounds has been prepared from 2,3‐dihydroxynaphthalene and characterized fully using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies were carried out on the tetramethylammonium (4) and calcium (6) derivatives. Compound 6 represents the first structurally characterized example of a calcium arylspiroborate salt. All compounds showed modest antifungal and antimycobacterial activities. These results have revealed a new class of compounds that should be further developed to design more potent and selective antitubercular agents. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 24:116–123, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21072
Examining preferences for search engines and their effects on information behavior
Authors: Lopatovska Irene , Fenton Megan R. , Campot Sara 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe article reports the results of a study that explored users' preference for search engines in relation to other information sources. The study used qualitative and quantitative methods to examine participants' information seeking with and without access to search engines. The study identified search engine features that users find valuable, such as perception of convenience, independence and privacy, as well as specific functionality (keyword searching, autocomplete feature). The study found that inability to use search engines caused an increase in negative emotions, especially among seekers with limited information horizons; led to the decrease in use of other electronic channels and increased inquiries to other individuals and the use of print sources. Our findings suggest that seekers operate within digital and traditional information fields and do not easily switch between the fields without major disruption to their habitual pattern. The discussion about positive and negative effects of search engine preference is included.
Sexual risk among female workers on cruise ships
Authors: Thomas Michelle , Bloor Michael , Little Kirsty 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Data were combined from two studies—qualitative interviews with 19 female cruise-ship workers in a Florida port and 192 quantitative interviews conducted with male and female cruise-ship workers in a European and a Florida port. High rates of partner change were reported in the latter sample: 39 % reported two or more sexual partners in the past year. Logistic regression analysis of 16 different variables showed that gender was the variable most strongly independently associated with a new sexual relationship: women were six times more likely than men to report a new private sexual relationship on their last contract (OR 6.20, 95 % confidence interval 2.01–19.09); 39 % of the female crew reported a new private relationship on their last contract, compared to 16 % of the men. Qualitative data suggest some reasons for this gender imbalance: sexual harassment by male superordinates, the taking of a lover for protection from harassment and the liminal character of shipboard life. Parallels are drawn with other studies depicting risk behaviour as situated actions (i.e. shaped by the material and social circumstances in which the action occurs), and with studies which see women’s greater propensity to risk behaviour in some settings as shaped by power relationships.
Schlussfolgerungen aus der Evaluation des österreichischen Disease-Management-Programms ‘Therapie aktiv’ für die Behandlung von Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
Authors: Winkler Henrike , Flamm Maria , Sönnichsen Andreas 
Published: January 2013

Einleitung
DMPs sind trotz umstrittener Effektivität weit verbreitet. Selektionsbias und Regression zur Mitte führen in nicht-randomisierten Studien zur Überschätzung der Effekte. Das österreichische DMP für Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 zeigte in einer randomisiert kontrollierten Studie zwar eine Verbesserung der Prozessqualität, jedoch keinen relevanten Einfluss auf die Stoffwechselkontrolle als Outcomeparameter. Ein Durchbruch in der Versorgung chronisch Kranker ist durch DMPs nach derzeitigem Wissensstand nicht zu erwarten, sodass neue Wege wie Patienten-Selbstmanagement und Peer Support entwickelt werden sollten.
Professionalism and organization: polysemy of concepts and narratives of actors
Authors: Delattre Miguel , Ocler Rodolphe 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe notion of professionalism is polysemic in nature. This paper aims at analysing the development of this notion and identifying its components. The paper examines the process that leads to the development of professionalism based on the interaction between the actors and the organization. These social interactions, grounded in an organizational environment, reveal the tensions that such interactions expose.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on qualitative methodology using semi‐directive interviews and provides an example of application.FindingsThis paper focuses on how professionalism can be developed, generating acts, implementing actions, and using resources.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper presents one example in a specific field and should be put in perspective with other examples and fields.Originality/valueThis paper clarifies the notion of professionalism and identifies specific elements that have to be taken into account when developing it.
Rethinking the ontology of the shareholder model of the corporation
Authors: Kakabadse Nada K. , Kakabadse Andrew , Kouzmin Alexander , Pesqueux Yvon 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the critical assumptions lying behind the Anglo American model of corporate governance.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review examining the concept of a nexus of contracts underpinning agency theory which, it is argued, act as the platform for neo‐liberal corporate governance focusing on shareholder wealth creation.FindingsThe paper highlights the unaddressed critical challenge of why eighteenth century ownership structures are readily adopted in the twenty‐first century.Social implicationsA re‐examination of wealth creation and wealth redistribution.Originality/valueThe paper is highly original due to the fact that few contributions have been made in the area of rethinking shareholder value.
Oral health patterns of independently living dentate older people: a cross‐sectional survey of dental attendees in south‐east London
Authors: Al‐Haboubi Mustafa , Zoitopoulos Liana , Beighton David , Gallagher Jennifer 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundThe oral health needs of older adults present increasing challenges to dental services.ObjectivesTo examine the clinical oral health status of dentate older people living in the community and attending dental services.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐six dentate adults, aged ≥60 years, underwent clinical examination (DMFS, Plaque and Gingival Indexes), salivary analysis and completed a questionnaire.ResultsParticipants had an average of 21.4 (±6.2) teeth present and 1.2 (±3.0) decayed, 51.0 (±28.8) missing and 32.6 (±20.5) restored surfaces. Individuals living in the most deprived areas had significantly lower numbers of teeth than those in the least deprived areas (19.1 ± 7.5 cf 23.8 ± 4.1; p < 0.001). Whilst there were no significant differences in DMFS score, residents in the most deprived areas had significantly more missing and fewer filled surfaces than those in the least deprived areas (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Participants with ≥21 teeth (64%) had lower plaque scores, fewer decayed root surfaces, higher stimulated saliva flow rates and lower salivary lactobacilli and yeast counts than those with <21 teeth (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsThe findings highlight differences in clinical oral health by age and deprivation status and underline the importance of saliva and retaining a functional dentition.
Silk as a Multifunctional Biomaterial Substrate for Reduced Glial Scarring around Brain‐Penetrating Electrodes
Authors: Tien Lee W. , Wu Fan , Tang‐Schomer Min D. , Yoon Euisik , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe reliability of chronic, brain‐penetrating electrodes must be improved for these ‐neural recording technologies to be viable in widespread clinical applications. One approach to improving electrode reliability is to reduce the foreign body response at the probe‐tissue interface. In this work, silk fibroin is investigated as a candidate material for fabricating mechanically dynamic neural probes with enhanced biocompatibility compared to traditional electrode materials. Silk coatings are applied to flexible cortical electrodes to produce devices that transition from stiff to flexible upon hydration. Theoretical modeling and in vitro testing show that the silk coatings impart mechanical properties sufficient for the electrodes to penetrate brain tissue. Further, it is demonstrated that silk coatings may reduce some markers of gliosis in an in vitro model and that silk can encapsulate and release the gliosis‐modifying enzyme chondroitinase ABC. This work establishes a basis for future in vivo studies of silk‐based brain‐penetrating electrodes, as well as the use of silk materials for other applications in the central nervous system where gliosis must be controlled.
A Combined Packed‐Bed Friction Factor Equation: Extension to Higher Reynolds Number with Wall Effects
Authors: Harrison Luke D. , Brunner Kyle M. , Hecker William C. 
Published: January 2013

SignificanceA unique combination of classic packed bed friction factor equations and newly refit correlation constants is proposed which produces a new friction factor correlation which significantly improves predictions in high turbulence regimes, high porosity regimes, and high wall effect regimes.
Individual differences in opportunistic claiming behavior
Authors: Macintosh Gerrard , Stevens Charles D. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis study examines the role of individual difference variables in opportunistic claiming after service failure. Drawing on research in the conflict literature, social value orientation (SVO) and conflict style are investigated as possible influences. The results suggest that both SVO and conflict style impact the amount claimed and opportunistic behavior. This research provides additional insight into why claiming behavior varies even when consumers have the same experience. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emulsion polymerisation of MMA employing a chain transfer agent of low environmental impact: ISO‐octyl‐3‐mercaptopropionate
Authors: Ronco Ludmila I. , Minari Roque J. , Cian Lorena , Vega Jorge R. , Gugliotta Luis M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe unseeded batch‐emulsion polymerisation of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was investigated using the chain transfer agent iso‐octyl‐3‐mercaptopropionate (iOMP), which exhibits a low environmental impact. The commercial iOMP is a mixture of over 10 isomers that proved adequate to control the molecular weights of poly(methyl methacrylate) with a decreasing evolution of both the number‐ and weight‐average molecular weights along the reactions. The iOMP also affects the polymerisation kinetics as a consequence of the lower reactivity of the iOMP radicals with respect to the MMA‐ended radicals. Experimental results were interpreted with the help of a first principles mathematical model. © 2013 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering