bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Resistance Measurement of High Performance Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: Smith Andrew N. , Jankowski Nicholas , Boteler Lauren , Meyer Christopher 
Published: December 2013

Advancements in thermal interface materials have reached the resolution limit of typical ASTM D5470 based testers, which is around ±1×10−6 m2K/W. As the interfacial resistance is reduced, the temperature difference at the interface decreases and ultimately becomes difficult to measure. Standard ASTM testers utilize precise temperature sensors and knowledge of the thermal conductivity of the heat meter bar to resolve the temperature difference at the interface. It is difficult to resolve interface resistances on the order of 1×10−6 m2K/W, even when precision RTDs with a resolution of ±0.001°C are utilized, as the location uncertainty of the sensor can become important. Increasing the temperature difference across the interface is necessary for further improvement in the resolution.
This work presents a miniature ASTM type tester that was developed to address the resolution limits of standard testers by reducing the heat meter bar thickness, using a chip resistor as the heater element, and using an IR camera to measure the temperature gradient along the meter bar. Reducing the length of the heat meter bars reduces the overall resistance, and increases the resistance of the interface relative to that of the meter bars. Because of the reduced size scale of the miniature tester, measurement of the temperature profile using the typical ASTM approach of embedding temperature probes along the length of the meter bar was not feasible but instead was achieved using a relatively inexpensive uncooled long wavelength infrared camera with a microscope attachment in order to focus down to ∼100 microns. Although the IR camera increases the uncertainty of the measured temperatures, this method is shown to measure a thermal interfacial resistance of 1.45×10−6 m2K/W with an uncertainty of ±1.1×10−7 m2K/W, where the sample interface was a 2 mil AuSn preform soldered interface.
In Situ Evaluation of Vanguard Technologies for High Performance Residential Buildings
Authors: Sailor David J. , Rodriguez Santiago , Lauck Jeff 
Published: December 2013

High performance buildings demand innovative and often untested strategies for improving thermal performance and reducing energy consumption while maintaining indoor environmental quality. The Passive House design standard is increasingly being implemented in residential and small commercial construction. This standard results in buildings with airtight envelopes, high levels of insulation, very high performance windows, and energy efficient appliances.
The intent of this paper is to evaluate the performance of several cutting-edge high performance building technologies as implemented in a Passive House duplex constructed in Portland, Oregon, USA. We provide an overview of the performance of the entire structure from multiple viewpoints, but focus largely on the performance of the heat recovery ventilator and heat pump water heater. Interactions of these systems with occupant behavior and indoor environmental quality are also discussed.
Discriminating Composite Panels by Use of a Spectral Reflectometer
Authors: Brown Alexander L. 
Published: December 2013

Carbon fibers are being increasingly used in composites for aircraft. They are bound together with a binder, often an epoxy. There are many grades of binders, and many different types of composites sold on the market. They are expensive. We have some donated materials of unknown type, and would like to be able to be cost-effective and use them without incurring a large cost to analyze the materials using laboratory methods. Visual inspection is not normally sufficiently accurate to be able to tell one composite from another. Optical methods that involve a broader spectrum have commonly been used to discriminate organic materials. A five-band spectral reflectometer is used to measure reflectivity of the surfaces, and is a simple way of extracting data into the infrared bands. The instrument used in these tests is less resolved than a narrow band spectrometer, but is easier to deploy because it is a hand-held device that only requires a flat surface of approximately 3 cm diameter.
Reflectivity of many different composite materials, including a bismaleimide, several thermoset epoxies, and some low temperature epoxies from various manufacturers is measured. Other materials are also included to demonstrate that non-composites can be rejected by the methods. Analysis shows that the reflectometer measurements are capable of discriminating some materials, but have difficulty with discriminating others. The raw reflectivity data are likely to be helpful for future radiation modeling of composite surfaces.
Comparison of Mixed and Stratified Ventilation Systems in Production Areas: Experimental and Simulation Studies
Authors: Schäfer Mirko , Wagner Johannes , Hesselbach Jens , Phan Long , Lin Cheng-Xian 
Published: December 2013

Ventilation system can have significant influences on the energy consumption, especially in factories with high thermal loads. To remove generated thermal and mass loads from manufacturing areas, several mechanisms can be applied: mixing and layering ventilation.
This paper shows experimental studies to compare mixed and stratified ventilation systems for industrial buildings. These experiments were conducted in a factory model with a scale of 1:2.5. The measurements consist of vertical distribution of carbon dioxide concentration and temperature in the ambient room. Additionally, a simulation study was conducted based on the same factory model to predict the annual energy demand of mixed and stratified ventilation systems in different climatic regions. The simulation models were validated with measurements from machines and devices in the authors’ laboratories and in the factories of project partners.
The results show advantages in airflow, air quality, cooling capacity and energy demand at different climatic zones when using stratified ventilation.
Comparison of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Water Impinging Flow With a Single Circular Nozzle and an Insert Type Swirling Nozzle
Authors: Kim Tae Hoon , Do Kyu Hyung , Oh Dong-Wook , Lee Jungho , Park Jang-Min 
Published: December 2013

Conventional impinging jets enhance heat transfer but produce non-uniform radial distributions of the local and surface Nusselt numbers. In attempt to improve the radial uniformity of heat transfer, many researchers have introduced the concept of the swirling flow.
The swirling flow can be generated by strips or swirling generators. The swirling generator is a circular rod with helical blades. The swirling generator is inserted inside a tube. This swirling generator with helical blades can generate swirling flow at the outlet of the nozzle. First of all, flow visualization of swirling jet as varying swirling angles, the length of the swirl generators, and distance between nozzle exit and a swirl generator is investigated. Based on the flow visualization, it is found that the distance between nozzle exit and a swirl generator affects the performance of swirling jet. For heat transfer analysis, an induction heating method is used to heat a steel plate up to a certain level which is almost the same as temperature of steel in iron- and steelmaking processes. For obtaining temperature distribution on impinging surface, several thermocouples are inserted below 1mm from the surface of the sample. Based on temperature distributions on the surface of a sample, 2-D temperature contours are obtained according to time. Based on the contours, effect of distance from nozzle exit to a swirling generator on uniform cooling is investigated.
Analysis of Li-Ion Battery Characteristics and Thermal Behavior
Authors: Chatterjee Krishnashis , Majumdar Pradip , Schroeder David , Kilaparti S. Rao 
Published: December 2013

Development of electric and hybrid electric vehicles is of great interest to the transportation industry due to increased demand and cost of imported fuel, uncertainty in the steady supply of oil, and increased standards for reduced emissions. Lithium-ion batteries are considered as one of the leading types for the battery systems to be employed in electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Using a regenerative braking system and storing it in battery stacks and using it later for propulsion and acceleration can improve the overall efficiency and reduction of fuel consumption.
The objective of this study is to evaluate experimentally the battery performance considering different discharge and charge rates, and investigate the thermal behavior and thermal management requirements of the batteries under a variety of environmental conditions. An experimental test facility has been developed to evaluate thermal performance during charging and discharging modes. Environmental temperatures were varied in environmental chamber to analyze their effects on the charging and discharging patterns of the battery by using the CADEX battery analyzer in order to find the temperature range for optimum battery performance. The batteries were monitored with thermal sensors and a thermal imaging camera while they were run through different load scenarios. In the present study, lithium-ion batteries have been tested and battery performance in terms of polarization curves and discharge capacity were measured using a computerized battery analyzer system for different discharge and charge rates, and over a range of ambient temperatures. Results indicate that at higher discharge and charge rates battery performance decreases due to increased polarization losses, which results in increased internal heat generation and temperature of the battery. Battery performance also depends strongly on the ambient temperature conditions.
Charge Order Driven by Fermi-Arc Instability in Bi
2
Sr

2−
x

La

x

CuO
6+δ
Authors: Comin R. , Frano A. , Yee M. M. , Yoshida Y. , Eisaki H. , Schierle E. , Weschke E. , Sutarto R. , He F. , Soumyanarayanan A. , He Yang , Le Tacon M. , Elfimov I. S. , Hoffman Jennifer E. , Sawatzky G. A. , Keimer B. , Damascelli A. 
Published: December 2013

The understanding of the origin of superconductivity in cuprates has been hindered by the apparent diversity of intertwining electronic orders in these materials. We combined resonant x-ray scattering (REXS), scanning-tunneling microscopy (STM), and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to observe a charge order that appears consistently in surface and bulk, and in momentum and real space within one cuprate family, Bi

2

Sr

2
−
x

La

x

CuO

6
+
δ

. The observed wave vectors rule out simple antinodal nesting in the single-particle limit but match well with a phenomenological model of a many-body instability of the Fermi arcs. Combined with earlier observations of electronic order in other cuprate families, these findings suggest the existence of a generic charge-ordered state in underdoped cuprates and uncover its intimate connection to the pseudogap regime.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Waterfowl-Origin Tembusu Virus Strains Isolated in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Chen Hao , Liu Xin , Tang Yi , Zhang Ying , Ti Jinfeng , Gao Xuhui , Diao Youxiang 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two tembusu virus strains, ZC-1 and LQ-1, isolated from ducks and geese, respectively, in 2012. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the two strains are closely related to those of the TMUV isolates around Shandong province. The full-length genome sequences of two waterfowl-origin TMUVs provided herein will help to understand the molecular epidemiology of tembusu virus in China, which deserves further investigation.
Complete Genome of Bacillus subtilis Myophage CampHawk
Authors: Ritz Morgan P. , Perl Abbey L. , Colquhoun Jennifer M. , Chamakura Karthik R. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

The study of bacteriophages infecting the model organism
Bacillus subtilis
has provided an abundance of general knowledge and a platform for advances in biotechnology. Here, we announce the annotated genome of CampHawk, a
B. subtilis
phage. CampHawk was found to be an SPO1-like phage with similar gene content and arrangement.
Draft Genome Sequences of Human Pathogenic Fungus
Geomyces pannorum Sensu Lato
and Bat White Nose Syndrome Pathogen
Geomyces
(
Pseudogymnoascus
)
destructans
Authors: Chibucos Marcus C. , Crabtree Jonathan , Nagaraj Sushma , Chaturvedi Sudha , Chaturvedi Vishnu 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequences of
Geomyces pannorum sensu lato
and
Geomyces (Pseudogymnoascus) destructans
.
G. pannorum
has a larger proteome than
G. destructans
, containing more proteins with ascribed enzymatic functions. This dichotomy in the genomes of related psychrophilic fungi is a valuable target for defining their distinct saprobic and pathogenic attributes.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Exiguobacterium
sp. Strain MH3, Isolated from Rhizosphere of
Lemna minor
Authors: Tang Jie , Zhang Ying , Meng Hao , Xue Zhiquan , Ma Jiong 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of
Exiguobacterium
sp. strain MH3, isolated from the rhizosphere of duckweed. The genome assembly is 3.16 Mb, with a G+C content of 47.24%, and it may provide useful information about plant-microbe interactions and the genetic basis for the tolerance of the strain to various environmental stresses.
Genome Sequence of Strain MOLA814, a Proteorhodopsin-Containing Representative of the
Betaproteobacteria
Common in the Ocean
Authors: Courties Alicia , Riedel Thomas , Jarek Michael , Intertaglia Laurent , Lebaron Philippe , Suzuki Marcelino T. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
Strain MOLA814 is a marine betaproteobacterium that was isolated from seawater in the Beaufort Sea. Here, we present its genome sequence and annotation. Genome analysis revealed the presence of a proteorhodopsin-encoding sequence together with its retinal-producing pathway, indicating that this strain might generate energy by using light.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium var. 5− Strain Isolated from Chicken Breast
Authors: Hoffmann Maria , Muruvanda Tim , Allard Marc W. , Korlach Jonas , Roberts Richard J. , Timme Ruth , Payne Justin , McDermott Patrick F. , Evans Peter , Meng Jianghong , Brown Eric W. , Zhao Shaohua 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Typhimurium is a leading cause of salmonellosis. Here, we report a closed genome sequence, including sequences of 3 plasmids, of
Salmonella
serovar Typhimurium var. 5− CFSAN001921 (National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System [NARMS] strain ID N30688), which was isolated from chicken breast meat and shows resistance to 10 different antimicrobials. Whole-genome and plasmid sequence analyses of this isolate will help enhance our understanding of this pathogenic multidrug-resistant serovar.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Strains of Propionibacterium acnes Isolated from Radical Prostatectomy Specimens
Authors: Mak Tim N. , Sfanos Karen S. , Brüggemann Holger 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Propionibacterium acnes
is a Gram-positive bacterium that is closely associated with various parts of the human body, in particular with sebaceous follicles of the skin. It has also been frequently isolated from diseased human prostates. Here, we report draft genome sequences of two
P. acnes
strains, P6 and PA2, isolated from radical prostatectomy specimens.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Pigeon Torque Teno Virus in China
Authors: Zhang Zhicheng , Zhuang Linlin , Dai Wei , Mao Huihua , Dai Dingzhen 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
Torque teno virus is a nonenveloped single-stranded DNA virus infecting humans and nonprimate species. We report the complete genome sequence of a pigeon torque teno virus isolated from pigeons in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2012. This genome sequence will be useful for viral diagnostics and disease control.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudomonas
Strain P818, Isolated from Glyphosate-Polluted Soil
Authors: Cao Gaoyi , Liu Yunjun , Liu Guiming , Wang Jianhua , Wang Guoying 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas
strain P818 was isolated from glyphosate-polluted soil in China. This bacterium presents a capacity for high glyphosate tolerance. We present the draft genome sequence of the strain
Pseudomonas
P818. The genes involved in the glyphosate tolerance were identified. This genomic information will facilitate the study of glyphosate tolerance mechanisms.
Splenectomy during pregnancy: treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Mahey Reeta , Kaur Simran Deep , Chumber Sunil , Kriplani Alka , Bhatla Neerja 
Published: December 2013

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) complicates 1–2/10 000 pregnancies and accounts for 5% of cases of pregnancy-associated thrombocytopenia. Corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin remain the first-line therapy in pregnancy, and a majority of pregnant women respond to this conventional therapy. Other cytotoxic and immunosuppressive agents used for treatment in non-pregnant patients, for example, danazol, cyclophosphamide, vinca alkaloids and azathioprine, are potential teratogens and cannot be administered during pregnancy. For pregnant women with ITP who fail to respond to medical management and are at a significant risk of haemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia, splenectomy may be considered as an option. We report two cases of splenectomy during pregnancy for refractory ITP. In one patient, it was carried out at 24 weeks, and in the second patient it was carried out during the caesarean section. Splenectomy as a second-line option in cases of refractory severe ITP in pregnancy is discussed.
Bus stops and pedestrian–motor vehicle collisions in Lima, Peru: a matched case–control study
Authors: Quistberg D Alex , Koepsell Thomas D , Johnston Brian D , Boyle Linda Ng , Miranda J Jaime , Ebel Beth E 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between bus stop characteristics and pedestrian–motor vehicle collisions.MethodsThis was a matched case–control study where the units of study were pedestrian crossings in Lima, Peru. We performed a random sample of 11 police commissaries in Lima, Peru. Data collection occurred from February 2011 to September 2011. A total of 97 intersection cases representing 1134 collisions and 40 mid-block cases representing 469 collisions that occurred between October 2010 and January 2011, and their matched controls, were included. The main exposures assessed were presence of a bus stop and specific bus stop characteristics. The main outcome measure was occurrence of a pedestrian–motor vehicle collision.ResultsIntersections with bus stops were three times more likely to have a pedestrian–vehicle collision (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.53 to 7.03), relative to intersections without bus stops. Formal and informal bus stops were associated with higher odds of a collision at intersections (OR 6.23, 95% CI 1.76 to 22.0 and OR 2.98, 1.37 to 6.49). At mid-block sites, bus stops on a bus-dedicated transit lane were also associated with collision risk (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.02 to 5.42). All bus stops were located prior to the intersection, contrary to practices in most high-income countries.ConclusionsIn urban Lima, the presence of a bus stop was associated with a threefold increase in risk of a pedestrian collision. The highly competitive environment among bus companies may provide an economic incentive for risky practices, such as dropping off passengers in the middle of traffic and jockeying for position with other buses. Bus stop placement should be considered to improve pedestrian safety.
Improved tissue sections for medical liver biopsies: a comparison of 16 vs 18 g biopsy needles using digital pathology
Authors: Palmer Timothy , Georgiades Izabela , Treanor Darren , Wright Alexander , Shah Mushtaq , Khosla Randeep , Wyatt Judith I 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundMost medical liver biopsies in the UK are now taken in radiology departments using 18 g biopsy needles. Subjectively, the resulting biopsies are narrow and fragile.AimTo compare the quality of liver biopsy tissue sections obtained from 16 and 18 g biopsy needles.MethodFifty consecutive routine medical liver biopsies obtained with 16 and 18 g needles, processed identically in the same laboratory, were measured using digital pathology software. We recorded their fragmentation, length, width, area and number of portal tracts.ResultsBiopsies obtained with 16 g needles more often resulted in an intact core in tissue sections than those with 18 g needles (71% vs 24%, p<0.001) and were significantly wider (average width of tissue 0.88 vs 0.53 mm, p<0.001). The average total area of tissue per pass was 11.38 mm2compared with 8.34 mm2(p<0.001). The number of complete portal tracts per length of biopsy was very variable, but double for 16 vs 18 g biopsies. Routinely taking two passes with the 18 g needle compensated for the reduced area, but the resulting liver in tissue sections was fragmented and distorted.ConclusionsOur results support the routine use of 16 g rather than 18 g biopsy needles for routine ultrasound-guided medical liver biopsies. A second pass should be considered if the first biopsy core is short, especially for investigation of disease stage.
A NEW ALGORITHM FOR COMPUTING RIEMANNIAN GEODESIC DISTANCE IN RECTANGULAR 2-D AND 3-D GRIDS
Authors: NILSSON OLA , REIMERS MARTIN , MUSETH KEN , BRUN ANDERS 
Published: December 2013

We present a novel way to efficiently compute Riemannian geodesic distance over a two- or three-dimensional domain. It is based on a previously presented method for computation of geodesic distances on surface meshes. Our method is adapted for rectangular grids, equipped with a variable anisotropic metric tensor. Processing and visualization of such tensor fields is common in certain applications, for instance structure tensor fields in image analysis and diffusion tensor fields in medical imaging. The included benchmark study shows that our method provides significantly better results in anisotropic regions in 2-D and 3-D and is faster than current stat-of-the-art solvers in 2-D grids. Additionally, our method is straightforward to code; the test implementation is less than 150 lines of C++ code. The paper is an extension of a previously presented conference paper and includes new sections on 3-D grids in particular.