bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation and change in northern Australian Aboriginal spear technologies: the case for reed spears
Authors: Allen Harry , Akerman Kim 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUnlike the majority of spears used by Australian Aboriginal people, reed spears were a lightweight form that made optimal use of spearthrower technology. In the Kimberleys, reed spears were mounted with small pressure‐flaked stone projectile points. Small projectile points occur in the archaeological record of both the Kimberleys and western Arnhem Land. Outside the Kimberleys, however, there is no record of how these were mounted and used. This paper reviews the evidence for reed spears and small projectile points across the Northern Territory and north‐western Western Australia, concluding that they represent associated technologies the primary role of which lay in feuding and conflicts.
The pathology and pathobiology of bicuspid aortic valve: State of the art and novel research perspectives
Authors: Mathieu Patrick , Bossé Yohan , Huggins Gordon S , Corte Alessandro Della , Pibarot Philippe , Michelena Hector I. , Limongelli Giuseppe , Boulanger Marie‐Chloé , Evangelista Arturo , Bédard Elisabeth , Citro Rodolfo , Body Simon C , Nemer Mona , Schoen Frederick J 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBicuspid aortic valve is the most prevalent cardiac valvular malformation. It is associated with a high rate of long‐term morbidity including development of calcific aortic valve disease, aortic regurgitation and concomitant thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Recently, basic and translational studies have identified some key processes involved in the development of bicuspid aortic valve and its morbidity. The development of aortic valve disease and thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection is the result of complex interactions between genotypes, environmental risk factors and specific haemodynamic conditions created by bicuspid aortic valve anatomy. Herein, we review the pathobiology of bicuspid aortic valve with a special emphasis on translational aspects of these basic findings. Important but unresolved problems in the pathology of bicuspid aortic valve and thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection are discussed, along with the molecular processes involved.
Drift during overground locomotion in newly hatched chicks varies with light exposure during embryogenesis
Authors: Porterfield Jay H. , Sindhurakar Anil , Finley James M. , Bradley Nina S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn an earlier study of newly hatched chicks we reported that continuous bright light exposure throughout incubation accelerated locomotor development and continuous dark exposure delayed it, compared to less intense, intermittent light exposure. Commonly studied gait parameters indicated locomotor skill was similar across groups. However, dark incubated chicks walked with a greater step width, raising the possibility of differences in dynamic balance and control of forward progression. In this study, we established methods to retrospectively examine the previously published locomotor data for differences in lateral drift. We hypothesized that chicks incubated in darkness would exhibit more drift than chicks incubated in light. Analyses identified differences in forward progression between chicks incubated in the two extreme light conditions, supporting the study's hypothesis. We discuss the significance of our findings and potential design considerations for future studies of light‐accelerated motor development in precocial and nonprecocial animals. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 459–469, 2015.
Sweet sorghum ideotypes: genetic improvement of stress tolerance
Authors: Anami Sylvester Elikana , Zhang Li‐Min , Xia Yan , Zhang Yu‐Miao , Liu Zhi‐Quan , Jing Hai‐Chun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractStress tolerance is a prerequisite for the success of biofuel production, which normally requires the use of marginal lands and nonfood biofuel feedstocks. Sorghum is known for its ability to withstand stress conditions, however, terminal stresses threaten its growth and development negatively impacting yield and sugar accumulation. It is crucial, therefore, that research aimed at developing sorghum resistance to stress factors should be pursued to expand the range of its growth to marginal and barren soils to meet the needs of a growing population, changing diets, and biofuel production. In this context, the leaf architectural trait of stay‐green drought tolerance, in addition to salinity, cold, and aluminium toxicity and biotic stress tolerance and their genetic basis discussed in this review are expected to be available in future sweet sorghum ideotypes. Also highlighted is the key role of efficient management of farming systems, in particular the use of herbicides to control weeds, to ensure the sustainability of the sweet sorghum biomass productions.
Fast eQTL Analysis for Twin Studies
Authors: Yin Zhaoyu , Xia Kai , Chung Wonil , Sullivan Patrick F. , Zou Fei 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTTwin data are commonly used for studying complex psychiatric disorders, and mixed effects models are one of the most popular tools for modeling dependence structures between twin pairs. However, for eQTL (expression quantitative trait loci) data where associations between thousands of transcripts and millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms need to be tested, mixed effects models are computationally inefficient and often impractical. In this paper, we propose a fast eQTL analysis approach for twin eQTL data where we randomly split twin pairs into two groups, so that within each group the samples are unrelated, and we then apply a multiple linear regression analysis separately to each group. A score statistic that automatically adjusts the (hidden) correlation between the two groups is constructed for combining the results from the two groups. The proposed method has well‐controlled type I error. Compared to mixed effects models, the proposed method has similar power but drastically improved computational efficiency. We demonstrate the computational advantage of the proposed method via extensive simulations. The proposed method is also applied to a large twin eQTL data from the Netherlands Twin Register.
Irrigation Management Reform in Northern China: Case Studies in Shanxi Province
Authors: Li He , Perret Sylvain R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIrrigation in northern China is exposed to declining groundwater resources and institutional issues. As a response, authorities have developed measures that include differentiated resource allocation and charging, collective and individual water rights, a block pricing system, prepaid access to water, and real‐time monitoring of resource and use. This paper analyses this alternative management model and its implications at the farm and system levels, using institutional, technical and economic analyses of case studies from Qingxu County, northern China.The results show that the prepaid system helps solve cost‐recovery, free‐riding, agency and resource overuse problems. All water fees are prepaid, therefore fully collected. However, while most operation and maintenance costs are covered, personnel costs are covered in only one case, due to low water fees. The agency problem is also addressed by the continuous monitoring of water resources. Water use value is high compared to actual water fees, owing to high maize yields and reasonable use of supplemental irrigation. This indicates potential for a water price increase, if needed. This paper shows that the new management system at the county level epitomizes China's whole rural financial reform and the realignment of local water institutions with public administrative layers. It finally discusses achievements, pending questions and limitations for long‐term impacts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
c‐Fos is involved in inhibition of human bladder carcinoma T24 cells by Brazilin
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Fan Xinping , Song Lili , Ren Lu , Ma Enbo , Zhang Shengwan , Ren Liansheng , Zheng Yaowu , Jianzhen Zhang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCrude brazilin extract from Sappan wood has demonstrated strong anti tumor activity in the mouse model of human bladder carcinoma and clinical trial for intravesical therapy. Purified brazilin was confirmed the most active molecule in inhibition of bladder carcinoma T24 cells. Brazilin decreased proliferation and viability of T24 cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, with a calculated LC50 of 32 µg/mL. More than 1,000 of genes were found upregulated and down regulated by brazilin treatment in digital gene expression profiling. Gene ontology analysis indicated that stress response, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulatory pathways were highly enriched. Among the regulated genes, c‐Fos was the most and specifically upregulated. Overexpression of c‐Fos in T24 cells resulted in tumor cell specific changes in cell morphology and viability. Over expression of stress‐responsive gene, HSP70, and other highly upregulated genes did not have any effect on cell growth. Brazilin may inhibit T24 cell growth and trigger cell death through a c‐Fos‐mediated and tumor cell specific signaling pathway. Further studies of its down stream mediators may help to identify better tumor cell type specific drug targets. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(3):175–181, 2015
Correlating RANK Ligand/RANK Binding Kinetics With Osteoclast Formation and Function
Authors: Warren Julia T. , Zou Wei , Decker Corinne E. , Rohatgi Nidhi , Nelson Christopher A. , Fremont Daved H. , Teitelbaum Steven L. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe interaction between Receptor Activator of NF‐κB Ligand (RANKL) and its receptor RANK is essential for the differentiation and bone resorbing capacity of the osteoclast. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble homodimer, acts as a decoy receptor for RANKL and thus inhibits osteoclastogenesis. An imbalance in the RANKL/RANK/OPG axis, with decreased OPG and/or increased RANKL, is associated with diseases that favor bone loss, including osteoporosis. Recently, we established a yeast surface display system and screened libraries of randomly mutated RANKL proteins to identify mutations that abolish binding to OPG while preserving recognition of RANK. These efforts yielded several RANKL variants possessing substantially higher affinity for RANK compared to their wild‐type (WT) counterpart. Using recombinant RANKL mutant proteins, we find those with increased affinity for RANK produce more robust signaling in osteoclast lineage cells and have greater osteoclastogenic potential. Our results are the first to document gain of function RANKL mutations. They indicate that the physiological RANKL/RANK interaction is not optimized for maximal signaling and function, perhaps reflecting the need to maintain receptor specificity within the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF). Instead, we find, a biphasic relationship exists between RANKL/RANK affinity and osteoclastogenic capacity. In our panel of RANKL variants, this relationship is driven entirely by manipulation of the kinetic off‐rate. Our structure‐based and yeast surface display‐derived insights into manipulating this critical signaling axis may aid in the design of novel anti‐resorptive therapies as well as provide a paradigm for design of other receptor‐specific TNF superfamily ligand variants. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2476–2483, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of tumor response to oxygen challenge using quantitative diffusion MRI in an animal model
Authors: Zhang Zhongwei , Yuan Qing , Zhou Heling , Zhao Dawen , Li Li , Gerberich Jenifer L. , Mason Ralph P. 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo assess tumor response to oxygen challenge using quantitative diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsA well‐characterized Dunning R3327‐AT1 rat prostate cancer line was implanted subcutaneously in the right thigh of male Copenhagen rats (n = 8). Diffusion‐weighted images (DWI) with multiple b values (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 500, 1000, 1500 s/mm2) in three orthogonal directions were obtained using a multishot FSE‐based Stejskal‐Tanner DWI sequence (FSE‐DWI) at 4.7T, while rats breathed medical air (21% oxygen) and with 100% oxygen challenge. Stretched‐exponential and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) models were used to calculate and compare quantitative diffusion parameters: diffusion heterogeneity index (α), intravoxel distribution of diffusion coefficients (DDC), tissue diffusivity (Dt), pseudo‐diffusivity (Dp), and perfusion fraction (f) on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis.ResultsA significant increase of α (73.9 ± 4.7% in air vs. 78.1 ± 4.5% in oxygen, P = 0.0198) and a significant decrease of f (13.4 ± 3.7% in air vs. 10.4 ± 2.7% in oxygen, P = 0.0201) were observed to accompany oxygen challenge. Correlations between f and α during both air and oxygen breathing were found; the correlation coefficients (r) were −0.90 and −0.96, respectively. Positive correlations between Dt and DDC with oxygen breathing (r = 0.95, P = 0.0003), f and DDC with air breathing were also observed (r = 0.95, P = 0.0004).ConclusionQuantitative diffusion MRI demonstrated changes in tumor perfusion in response to oxygen challenge. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1450–1457.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy plus simultaneous versus staged cytoreductive surgery for gastric cancer with occult peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Wu Xiaojiang , Li Ziyu , Li Ziran , Jia Yongning , Shan Fei , Ji Xin , Bu Zhaode , Zhang Lianhai , Wu Aiwen , Ji Jiafu 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundOur aim is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two treatment strategies, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) plus simultaneous versus staged cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in patients with occult peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer (GC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 26 GC patients who were potential curatively resectable by pre‐operative evaluation and found occult peritoneal metastasis by diagnostic laparoscopy. Patients were treated by HIPEC plus either simultaneous CRS (CRS+HIPEC group, n = 11) or staged CRS after systematic chemotherapy (HIPEC+Chemo+CRS group, n = 15).ResultsThere is no mortality observed in both groups. The treatment complications in two group is comparable (P = 0.683), with 26.7% (4/15) in HIPEC+Chemo+CRS group, and 36.4% (4/11) in CRS+HIPEC group, respectively. The compliance of patients undergoing subsequent chemotherapy is higher in HIPEC+Chemo+CRS group (93.3%, 14/15) than that of CRS+HIPEC group (45.5%, 5/11) (P = 0.021). The mean interval time between CRS and first post‐CRS systematic chemotherapy were 42.0 ± 12.0 days in HIPEC+Chemo+CRS group versus 69.8 ± 36.3 in CRS+HIPEC group (P = 0.163), respectively. The median OS in the HIPEC+Chemo+CRS group was 25.0 months, while 28.2 months in the CRS+HIPEC group (P = 0.738).ConclusionFor resectable GC patients with laparoscopic findings of occult peritoneal metastasis, HIPEC plus staged CRS is with better tolerance and compliance than simultaneous CRS. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:840–847. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethical Dilemmas, Work‐Related Guilt, and Posttraumatic Stress Reactions of News Journalists Covering the Terror Attack in Norway in 2011
Authors: Backholm Klas , Idås Trond 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNews journalists working on crisis‐related assignments may experience dilemmas with regard to how to conduct their work without causing additional harm to first‐hand victims. In this study, we investigated how exposure to journalistic ethical dilemmas during the Oslo/Utøya terror attack in 2011 and subsequent work‐related guilt were related to the development of posttraumatic stress (PTS) reactions. Norwegian journalists (N = 371) covering the terror attack participated in a web‐based survey 8–9 months after the incident. We found that females reported more ethical dilemmas during the assignment than males (n = 356, d = 0.51). We also found that being on the scene was not related to more exposure to dilemmas (n = 311, d = 0.01). Moreover, we discovered that work‐related guilt had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between exposure to ethical dilemmas and severity of PTS reactions (n = 344, completely standardized indirect effect size = .11, 95% CI [.04, .19]. The results showed that exposure to ethical dilemmas may affect the development of long‐term psychological impairment. We concluded that media organizations can prevent postcrisis impairment by preparing employees for possible exposure to dilemmas during crisis‐related assignments.
Application of RKP‐FSM in the buckling and free vibration analysis of thin plates with abrupt thickness changes and internal supports
Authors: Khezri Mani , Bradford Mark A. , Vrcelj Zora 
Published: April 2015

SummaryA description is given of the development and use of the Reproducing Kernel Particle Finite Strip Method for the buckling and flexural vibration analysis of plates with intermediate supports and step thickness changes. The generalized 1‐D shape functions of the Reproducing Kernel Particle Method replace the spline functions in the conventional spline finite strip method in the longitudinal direction. The structure of the generalized Reproducing Kernel Particle Method makes it a suitable tool for dealing with derivative‐type essential boundary conditions, and its introduction in the finite strip method is beneficial for solving buckling and vibration problems for thin plates in which a number of the essential boundary conditions can include the first derivatives of the displacement function. Moreover, the modified corrected collocation method is further developed for the buckling and free vibration analysis of plates with abrupt thickness changes. This provides a versatile and powerful analysis capability which facilitates the analysis of problems including plate structures with abrupt thickness changes of its component plates. The application of the proposed technique for the treatment of discontinuities and the enforcement of the internal support conditions are illustrated with a series of numerical examples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Categorization of cancer through genomic complexity could guide research and management strategies
Authors: Horlings Hugo M , Flanagan Adrienne M , Huntsman David G 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCancer management decisions are currently informed by cancer type and clinical stage, as well as age, health condition, and individual patient needs. Cancer is a genetic disease and recent genomic studies have revealed the genomic landscape of multiple tumour types. This has led to readily available catalogues of genomic features for many cancers and efforts to incorporate such information into treatment decisions. From this has evolved the concept that mutation‐based taxonomies may supersede the current cell of origin‐based categorization of neoplasia. Unfortunately, genomic features as clinically actionable information may not be directly transferable between tumour types, due to the importance of cellular and genomic context. However, we believe that high‐level views of different genomic landscapes could broadly inform research study design and treatment strategies. Herein, we use ovarian and bone cancer as examples to propose a genomic complexity‐based categorization for cancer. In addition to informing clinical study design, we describe how this categorization scheme could impact (i) improvement of accuracy of histological diagnoses, (ii) stratification of patients for targeted therapies, (iii) research study design, and (iv) personalized treatment strategies. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting Floodplain Hypoxia in the Atchafalaya River, Louisiana, USA, a Large, Regulated Southern Floodplain River System
Authors: Pasco T. E. , Kaller M. D. , Harlan R. , Kelso W. E. , Rutherford D. A. , Roberts S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Atchafalaya River Basin Floodway (ARBF), a regulated river/floodplain distributary of the Mississippi River, experiences an annual flood pulse that strongly influences floodplain physicochemistry. We developed several metrics to investigate the relationship between the timing and magnitude of the flood pulse and floodplain hypoxia, which in most years is a spatially extensive and temporally prolonged problem in the lower ARBF. Principal components analysis of flood metrics from 2001 to 2009 revealed contrasting flood types (early cool and late warm), but component‐based general linear models were unable to predict the magnitude of hypoxia in ARBF water management areas (WMAs). Further analyses based on temperature and geographic information system‐determined WMA inundation with generalized additive models (GAMs) revealed WMA‐specific patterns of hypoxia, but the likelihood of hypoxia consistently increased when temperatures approached 20°C and inundation rose above 20–30%. Validation with held‐out data based on logistic regression indicated that the models constructed with the 2001–2009 temperature and inundation data were able to accurately predict the probabilities of hypoxia in two WMAs based on data collected from 2010 to 2013. The GAMs were an effective tool for visualizing and predicting the probability of hypoxia based on two easily generated parameters. Our analyses indicate that modification of the Atchafalaya River flood pulse could reduce the magnitude of hypoxia within the lower ARBF, subject to engineering (control structure operation) and economic (commercial fisheries production) constraints, by minimizing floodplain inundation after water temperatures reach 20°C. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.