bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physician Gender and Lifestyle Counselling to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: A Nationwide Representative Study
Authors: Diehl Katharina , Gansefort Dirk , Herr Raphael M. , Görig Tatiana , Bock Christina , Mayer Manfred , Schneider Sven 
Published: July 2015

Background Primary care physicians (PCPs) have a key role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, it is not clear whether lifestyle counselling behaviour differs between female and male PCPs. Nonetheless, this information might be helpful to develop need-based advanced training for female and male PCPs. Therefore, our aim was to identify potential gender differences in the implementation of health promotion and the prevention of CVD in primary care. Design and Methods In a Germany-wide survey called the ÄSP-kardio Study, we collected data from 4074 PCPs (40% female; from October 2011 to March 2012). We compared the provision of prevention measures, the attitude towards counselling, and the potential barriers in counselling among female and male German PCPs. We used chi2 tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and logistic regression analysis. Results We found differences in all of the above-mentioned aspects. Female PCPs were less likely to perceive barriers than male and more likely to ask patients about lifestyle, for example, nutrition (OR=1.62, P≤0.001). Additionally, female PCPs were more likely to feel well prepared (84.2% vs. 76.0%, P≤0.001) and successful (75.6% vs. 68.0%, P≤0.001). Male PCPs were more likely to mention barriers in daily practice that hinder lifestyle counselling. Conclusions Overall, both female and male PCPs had a positive attitude towards lifestyle counselling. Nevertheless, in view of the barriers that they indicated, incentives such as better reimbursement may help output-oriented PCPs to translate their positive attitude into action. Moreover, awareness of gender differences may help PCPs to acquire the specific advanced training that they need for effective lifestyle counselling in CVD.
Near‐Earth injection of MeV electrons associated with intense dipolarization electric fields: Van Allen Probes observations
Authors: Dai Lei , Wang Chi , Duan Suping , He Zhaohai , Wygant John R. , Cattell Cynthia A. , Tao Xin , Su Zhenpeng , Kletzing Craig , Baker Daniel N. , Li Xinlin , Malaspina David , Blake J. Bernard , Fennell Joseph , Claudepierre Seth , Turner Drew L. , Reeves Geoffrey D. , Funsten Herbert O. , Spence Harlan E. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Fruehauff Dennis , Chen Lunjin , Thaller Scott , Breneman Aaron , Tang Xiangwei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSubstorms generally inject tens to hundreds of keV electrons, but intense substorm electric fields have been shown to inject MeV electrons as well. An intriguing question is whether such MeVelectron injections can populate the outer radiation belt. Here we present observations of a substorm injection of MeV electrons into the inner magnetosphere. In the premidnight sector at L ∼ 5.5, Van Allen Probes (Radiation Belt Storm Probes)‐A observed a large dipolarization electric field (50 mV/m) over ∼40 s and a dispersionless injection of electrons up to ∼3 MeV. Pitch angle observations indicated betatron acceleration of MeV electrons at the dipolarization front. Corresponding signals of MeV electron injection were observed at LANL‐GEO, THEMIS‐D, and GOES at geosynchronous altitude. Through a series of dipolarizations, the injections increased the MeV electron phase space density by 1 order of magnitude in less than 3 h in the outer radiation belt (L > 4.8). Our observations provide evidence that deep injections can supply significant MeV electrons.
Generation of signals with specified second‐order properties for constrained systems
Authors: Larsson Christian A. , Hägg Per , Hjalmarsson Håkan 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis contribution considers the problem of realizing an input signal with a desired autocorrelation sequence satisfying both input and output constraints for the system it is to be applied to. This is an important problem in system identification, firstly, because the quality and accuracy of the identified model are highly dependent on the excitation signal used during the experiment and secondly, because on real processes, it is often important to constrain the input and output of the process because of actuator saturation and safety considerations. The signal generation is formulated as a model predictive controller with probabilistic constraints to make the algorithm robust to model uncertainties and process noise. The corresponding optimization problem is then solved with tools from scenario‐based stochastic optimization. To reduce the model uncertainties, the method is made adaptive where a new model of the system and its uncertainties are reidentified. The algorithm is successfully applied to a simulation example and in a practical experiment for the identification of a quadruple tank lab process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of Heterodiatomic SiC Through Ligand Donation: Theoretical Investigation of SiC(L)2 (L=NHCMe, CAACMe, PMe3)
Authors: Andrada Diego M. , Frenking Gernot 
Published: July 2015

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations have been carried out at the BP86/TZ2P+ level for the compounds SiC(L)2 with L=NHCMe, CAACMe, PMe3 (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene, CAAC=cyclic (alkyl)aminocarbene). The optimized geometries exhibit a trans arrangement of the ligands L at SiC with a planar coordination when L=NHCMe and PMe3, while a twisted conformation is calculated when L=CAACMe. The bending angle L‐Si‐C is significantly more acute than the angle L‐C‐Si. Both angles become wider with the trend PMe3<NHCMe<CAACMe. The latter trend is also found for the bond dissociation energies of the reaction SiC(L)2→SiC+2 L, which have absolute values between De=98–163 kcal mol−1. Calculations suggest that the compounds SiC(L)2 have a very large first and second proton affinity, which takes place at the central carbon and silicon atoms, respectively. Energy decomposition analyses indicate that the best description of the bonding situation in SiC(L)2 features a cumulenic carbon–carbon bond and a dative carbon–silicon bond LCSi←L at the center.
Quantitative and antioxidative behavior of Trolox in rats’ blood and brain by HPLC‐UV and SMFIA‐CL methods
Authors: Wada Mitsuhiro , Wada Misato , Ikeda Rie , Fuchigami Yuki , Koyama Hironari , Ohkawara Susumu , Kawakami Shigeru , Kuroda Naotaka , Nakashima Kenichiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTrolox, a water‐soluble vitamin E analogue has been used as a positive control in Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity assays due to its high antioxidative effect. In this study, the ex vivo antioxidative effects of Trolox and its concentration in blood and brain microdialysates from rat after administration were evaluated by newly established semi‐microflow injection analysis, chemiluminescence detection and HPLC‐UV. In the administration test, the antioxidative effect of Trolox in blood and brain microdialysates after a single administration of 200 mg/kg of Trolox to rats could be monitored. The antioxidative effects in blood (12.0 ± 2.1) and brain (8.4 ± 2.1, × 103 antioxidative effect % × min) also increased. Additionally, the areas under the curve (AUC)s0–360 (n = 3) for blood and brain calculated with quantitative data were 10.5 ± 1.2 and 9.7 ± 2.5 mg/mL × min, respectively. This result indicates that Trolox transferability through the blood–brain barrier is high. The increase in the antioxidative effects caused by Trolox in the blood and brain could be confirmed because good correlations between concentration and antioxidative effects (r ≥ 0.702) were obtained. The fact that Trolox can produce an antioxidative effect in rat brain was clarified. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enterocin A mutants identified by saturation mutagenesis enhance potency towards vancomycin‐resistant Enterococci
Authors: McClintock Maria K. , Kaznessis Yiannis N. , Hackel Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTVancomycin‐resistant Enterococci infections are a significant clinical problem. One proposed solution is to use probiotics, such as lactic acid bacteria, to produce antimicrobial peptides at the site of infection. Enterocin A, a class 2a bacteriocin, exhibits inhibitory activity against E. faecium and E. faecalis, which account for 86% of vancomycin‐resistant Enterococci infections. In this study, we aimed to engineer enterocin A mutants with enhanced potency within a lactic acid bacterial production system. Peptide mutants resulting from saturation mutagenesis at sites A24 and T27 were efficiently screened in a 96‐well plate assay for inhibition of pathogen growth. Several mutants exhibit increased potency relative to wild‐type enterocin A in both liquid‐ and solid‐medium growth assays. In particular, A24P and T27G exhibit enhanced inhibition of multiple strains of E. faecium and E. faecalis, including clinically isolated vancomycin‐resistant strains. A24P and T27G enhance killing of E. faecium 8 by 13 ± 3‐ and 18 ± 4‐fold, respectively. The engineered enterocin A/lactic acid bacteria systems offer significant potential to combat antibiotic‐resistant infections. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 414–423. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Innovative use of platinum compounds to selectively detect live microorganisms by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Soejima Takashi , Minami Jun‐ichi , Xiao Jin‐zhong , Abe Fumiaki 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPCR cannot distinguish live microorganisms from dead ones. To circumvent this disadvantage, ethidium/propidium‐monoazide (EMA/PMA) and psoralen to discriminate live from dead bacteria have been used for 2 decades. These methods require the use of numerous laborious procedures. We introduce an innovative method that uses platinum compounds, which are primarily used as catalysts in organic chemistry and partly used as anti‐cancer drugs. Microorganisms are briefly exposed to platinum compounds in vivo, and these compounds penetrate dead (compromised) microorganisms but not live ones and are chelated by chromosomal DNA. The use of platinum compounds permits clear discrimination between live and dead microorganisms in water and milk (including Cronobacter sakazakii and Escherichia coli) via PCR compared with typically used PMA. This platinum‐PCR method could enable the specific detection of viable coliforms in milk at a concentration of 5–10 CFU mL−1 specified by EU/USA regulations after a 4‐h process. For sample components, environmental water contains lower levels of PCR inhibitors than milk does, and milk is similar to infant formula, skim milk and blood; thus, the use of the platinum‐PCR method could also prevent food poisoning due to the presence of C. sakazakii in dairy products. This method could provide outstanding rapidity for use in environmental/food/clinical tests. Platinum‐PCR could also be a substitute for the typical culture‐based methods currently used. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 301–310. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recognition and identification of active components from Radix Bupleuri using human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Feihu , Zhang Xiaohong , Xu Tanghui , Quan Wei , Wang Hui , Shi Jianguo , Dai Zunxiao , Wu Bin , Wu Qiangju 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of the study was to screen active components of Radix Bupleuri (a traditional Chinese herb) and discover novel anti‐schizophrenic candidate drugs using human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. SH‐SY5Y cells were used for preparation of the stationary phase in the cell membrane chromatography model. Retention components by the SH‐SY5Y/CMC model were collected and then analyzed by GC/MS under the optimized conditions in offline conditions. After investigating the suitability and reliability of the SH‐SY5Y/CMC method using amisulpride and haloperidol as standard compounds, this method was applied to screening active components from the extracts of Radix Bupleuri. Retention components of SH‐SY5Y/CMC model were saikosaponin A, saikosaponin B1, saikosaponin B2, saikosaponin C and saikosaponin D, which were identified by the GC/MS method. In vitro pharmacological trials‐MTT, saikosaponin B1, saikosaponin B2 and saikosaponin C could protect SY5Y cells. The protective effects of saikosaponin B1 and saikosaponin C were concentration dependent. Saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D inhibited cell viability at concentrations >30 µg/mL (p < 0.05). Via SH‐SY5Y/CMC method and SH‐SY5Y MTT trial, we rapidly detected target components from Radix Bupleuri, accurately identified them and determined their different effects on SH‐SY5Y cells. Saikosaponin B1, saikosaponin B2 and saikosaponin C may be anti‐schizophrenic candidate drugs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of Purification Concepts for Nutraceuticals from Algae – Part I: Characterization of Emulsifying Components
Authors: Fröhlich Holger , Gasser Kurt , Gaul Simon , Grützner Thomas , Strube Jochen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDeveloping efficient methods for the production of biotechnologically generated products is the goal of various current research approaches. One issue related is the extraction of biomass from aqueous fermentation broths for the isolation of respective products. Based on the high cell wall stability of available microorganisms and the corresponding high energy for cell disruption, extremely stable emulsions result after the indispensable cell disruption in aqueous environment. Therefore, the cell material is often dried and the product is extracted by means of organic solvents from the biomass, which makes these processes difficult both from the economic and toxicological sides. Based on the example of an extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids from microalgae, a systematic approach is presented for the characterization of emulsion stability and development of process concepts for the subsequent solvent‐free product recovery.
Anticancer Organometallic Osmium(II)‐p‐cymene Complexes
Authors: Păunescu Emilia , Nowak‐Sliwinska Patrycja , Clavel Catherine M. , Scopelliti Rosario , Griffioen Arjan W. , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOsmium compounds are attracting increasing attention as potential anticancer drugs. In this context, a series of bifunctional organometallic osmium(II)‐p‐cymene complexes functionalized with alkyl or perfluoroalkyl groups were prepared and screened for their antiproliferative activity. Three compounds from the series display selectivity toward cancer cells, with moderate cytotoxicity observed against human ovarian carcinoma (A2780) cells, whereas no cytotoxicity was observed on non‐cancerous human embryonic kidney (HEK‐293) cells and human endothelial (ECRF24) cells. Two of these three cancer‐cell‐selective compounds induce cell death largely via apoptosis and were also found to disrupt vascularization in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Based on these promising properties, these compounds have potential clinical applications.
Overall and central adiposity and breast cancer risk in the sister study
Authors: White Alexandra J. , Nichols Hazel B. , Bradshaw Patrick T. , Sandler Dale P. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUNDGreater body mass index (BMI), a measure of overall adiposity, is associated with a higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. The role of central adiposity, often measured by waist circumference, is less well understood, especially among premenopausal women. The objective of the current study was to examine multiple measures of adiposity in relation to breast cancer in a prospective cohort study.METHODSA total of 50,884 Sister Study cohort participants aged 35 to 74 years were enrolled from 2003 through 2009. Inclusion criteria for the cohort included having a sister previously diagnosed with breast cancer. Trained study personnel measured height, weight, and waist and hip circumference during a home visit and study participants completed a detailed questionnaire. Using Cox regression analysis, we estimated multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for breast cancer risk associated with adiposity measurements, considering tumor subtype and menopausal status.RESULTSIn total, 2009 breast cancers were diagnosed during follow‐up (mean = 5.4 years). Weight, BMI, waist circumference, and waist‐to‐hip ratio were found to be positively associated with overall breast cancer risk and HRs were greater among postmenopausal women, those with hormonally responsive tumors, and women who were not currently using postmenopausal hormones. In models that adjusted for BMI, waist circumference associations persisted among both postmenopausal women (81‐88 cm vs ≤80 cm: HR = 1.16 [95% CI 1.01‐1.35] and >88 cm vs ≤80 cm: HR = 1.30 [95% CI 1.10‐1.54]) and premenopausal women (81‐88 cm vs ≤80 cm: HR = 1.56 [95% CI 1.19‐2.04] and >88 cm vs ≤80 cm: HR = 1.30 [95% CI 0.91‐1.87]).CONCLUSIONSFindings from this large, prospective study with examiner‐measured body size indicate that waist circumference is independently and positively associated with both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Cancer 2015;121:3700–3708. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of copy number alterations in adolescent and adult patients with precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia enrolled in PETHEMA protocols
Authors: Ribera Jordi , Morgades Mireia , Zamora Lurdes , Montesinos Pau , Gómez‐Seguí Inés , Pratcorona Marta , Sarrà Josep , Guàrdia Ramon , Nomdedeu Josep , Tormo Mar , Martínez‐Lopez Joaquin , Hernández‐Rivas Jesús‐María , González‐Campos José , Barba Pere , Escoda Lourdes , Genescà Eulàlia , Solé Francesc , Millá Fuensanta , Feliu Evarist , Ribera Josep‐Maria ,   for the Spanish PETHEMA Group and the Spanish Society of Hematology
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUNDSome copy number alterations (CNAs) have independent prognostic significance for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).METHODSThis study analyzed via multiplex ligation–dependent probe amplification the frequency and prognostic impact of CNAs of 12 genetic regions in 142 adolescents and adults with de novo precursor B‐cell ALL.RESULTSThe cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) deletion (59 of 142 or 42%) was the most frequent CNA, and it was followed by Ikaros family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1) losses (49 of 142 or 35%). IKZF1 deletions were more prevalent in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)–positive ALL and were associated with advanced age and high white blood cell (WBC) counts. The multivariate analysis showed that advanced age and early B‐cell factor 1 (EBF1) deletions were associated with chemotherapy resistance in both the whole series (hazard ratios, 0.949 and 0.135, respectively) and the Ph‐negative subgroup (hazard ratios, 0.946 and 0.118, respectively). High WBC counts and focal IKZF1 deletions correlated with disease recurrence (hazard ratios, 1.005 and 1.869, respectively), whereas advanced age and CDKN2A/B losses influenced overall survival in both the whole series (hazard ratios, 1.038 and 2.545, respectively) and the Ph‐negative subgroup (hazard ratios, 1.044 and 2.105, respectively).CONCLUSIONSDeletions of EBF1, IKZF1, and CDKN2A/B have an independent adverse prognosis for adolescents and adults with B‐precursor ALL, and this suggests that these CNAs should be included in the initial risk assessment of ALL. Cancer 2015;121:3809–3817. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Cognitive–Behavioural Therapy and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Combat‐Related Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Comparative Effectiveness Study
Authors: Levi Ofir , Bar‐Haim Yair , Kreiss Yitshak , Fruchter Eyal 
Published: July 2015

This study compared the effectiveness of two psychotherapy approaches for treating combat veterans with chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT). These treatments are routinely used by the Unit for Treatment of Combat‐Related PTSD of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). IDF veterans with chronic PTSD were assigned to either CBT (n = 148) or PDT (n = 95) based on the nature of their complaint and symptoms. Psychiatric status was assessed at baseline, post‐treatment and 8–12 months follow‐up using the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale, the PTSD Questionnaire, the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Psychotherapy Outcome Assessment and Monitoring System‐Trauma Version assessment questionnaire. Both treatment types resulted in significant reduction in symptoms and with improved functioning from pre‐treatment to post‐treatment, which were maintained at follow‐up. No differences between the two treatments were found in any the effectiveness measures. At post‐treatment, 35% of the CBT patients and 45% of the PDT patients remitted, with no difference between the groups. At follow‐up, remission rates were 33% and 36% for the CBT and PDT groups, respectively. The study recommends further randomized controlled trials to determine treatment efficacy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Both cognitive‐behavioural therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy have to be treatments offered in clinics for treating PTSD.
Therapists who treat PTSD should be familiar with cognitive‐behavioural and dynamic methods.
The type of treatment chosen should be based on thorough psychosocial assessment.
Chemical Conversions of Biomass‐Derived Platform Chemicals over Copper–Silica Nanocomposite Catalysts
Authors: Upare Pravin P. , Hwang Young Kyu , Lee Jong‐Min , Hwang Dong Won , Chang Jong‐San 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBiomass and biomass‐derived carbohydrates have a high extent of functionality, unlike petroleum, which has limited functionality. In biorefinery applications, the development of methods to control the extent of functionality in final products intended for use as fuels and chemicals is a challenge. In the chemical industry, heterogeneous catalysis is an important tool for the defunctionalization of functionalized feedstocks and biomass‐derived platform chemicals to produce value‐added chemicals. Herein, we review the recent progress in this field, mainly of vapor phase chemical conversion of biomass‐derived C4–C6 carboxylic acids and esters using copper–silica nanocomposite catalysts. We also demonstrate that these nanocomposite catalysts very efficiently convert biomass‐derived platform chemicals into cyclic compounds, such as lactones and hydrofurans, with high selectivities and yields.
Transient Charging Characteristics in Surface Flashover Development Process due to Explosive Electron Emission in Vacuum
Authors: Nakano Yusuke , Kojima Hiroki , Tsuchiya Kenji , Hayakawa Naoki 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYFor the development of higher voltage vacuum circuit breakers and vacuum interrupters, surface discharge in a vacuum is one of the most significant issues. We measured the charge activity on alumina dielectrics in a vacuum through ultrahigh‐speed optical and electrical measurements. We found that surface flashover in a vacuum starts with an explosive electron emission (EEE) with higher current density, which consists of electron emission from the cathode, and results in surface flashover development. The transient charge on the alumina dielectrics formed by electrons emitted by EEE influences the distortion of electric field distribution around the cathode rod and then the subsequent flashover development. In particular, in the case of a shorter gap between the cathode rod and the alumina dielectrics, the electron emission may be suppressed by the relaxation effect of the electric field due to transient charge accumulation.