bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging treatments in Neurogastroenterology: Perspectives of guanylyl cyclase C agonists use in functional gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Jarmuż A. , Zielińska M. , Storr M. , Fichna J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundFunctional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are the most frequent pathologic conditions affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and both significantly reduce patients’ quality of life. Recent studies suggest that guanylyl cyclase C (GC‐C) expressed in the GI tract constitutes a novel pharmacological target in the treatment of FGID and IBD. Endogenous GC‐C agonists – guanylin peptides: guanylin and uroguanylin, by the regulation of water and electrolyte transport, are involved in the maintenance of homeostasis in the intestines and integrity of the intestinal mucosa. Linaclotide, a synthetic agonist of GC‐C was approved by Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency as a therapeutic in constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐C) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). Lately, several preclinical and clinical trials focused on assessment of therapeutic properties of synthetic agonists of uroguanylin, plecanatide, and SP‐333. Plecanatide is currently tested as a potential therapeutic in diseases related to constipation and SP‐333 is a promising drug in ulcerative colitis treatment.PurposeHere, we discuss the most recent findings and future trends on the development of GC‐C agonists and their use in clinical trials.
Ellis‐Van Creveld syndrome: dental management considerations and description of a new oral finding
Authors: Hassona Y. , Hamdan M. , Shqaidef A. , Abu Karaky A. , Scully C. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTEllis‐Van Creveld is a rare syndrome with characteristic dental and orofacial findings. Dental management of patients with Ellis‐Van Creveld syndrome can be complicated by the associated skeletal and cardiac abnormalities. Here, we present the dental and orofacial findings in a patient with Ellis‐Van Creveld syndrome, describe a new oral finding, and discuss the dental management considerations.
A Model Specification Test For GARCH(1,1) Processes
Authors: Leucht Anne , Kreiss Jens‐Peter , Neumann Michael H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe provide a consistent specification test for generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH (1,1)) models based on a test statistic of Cramér‐von Mises type. Because the limit distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis depends on unknown quantities in a complicated manner, we propose a model‐based (semiparametric) bootstrap method to approximate critical values of the test and to verify its asymptotic validity. Finally, we illuminate the finite sample behaviour of the test by some simulations.
HPA‐3a neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: a case report from China, and HPA‐3 allele frequencies in the GuangXi Zhuang and Han populations
Authors: Wu G.‐G. , Zhou Y. , Shen W.‐D. , Li L.‐L. , Liu J.‐L. , Zhong Z.‐L. , Bertrand G. , Kaplan C. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundFetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) results from a maternal alloimmunization against fetal platelet antigens. Since the implementation of serological methods for the detection of antiplatelet alloantibodies, it has been demonstrated that anti‐HPA‐3a alloantibodies have considerable heterogeneity. Consequently, the serologic diagnosis of FNAIT may be hampered, despite severe clinical signs and the absence of other causes of thrombocytopenia. Here, we report the first HPA‐3a feto‐maternal alloimmunization observed in the Chinese population.Case studyA 28‐year‐old woman gave birth to her first child. After 2 h of life, the newborn presented signs of multiple subcutaneous bleeding and severe thrombocytopenia (7 × 109 platelets/l). Three years later, the woman gave birth to a second newborn, with petechial and signs of bleeding at 15 min of life. Brain ultrasound revealed the presence of an intracranial haemorrhage. The newborn recovered after 23 days.ResultsInvestigations revealed the presence of a feto‐maternal HPA‐3a incompatibility (mother: HPA‐3bb; newborn: HPA‐3ab). Maternal anti‐HPA‐3a alloantibodies were detected using the MAIPA method. Both children were transfused with compatible HPA‐3bb platelets and perfused with intravenous immunoglobulins associated with corticoids.ConclusionsThis case shows that anti‐HPA‐3 maternal alloimmunization is a potentially devastating disease. The detection of anti‐HPA‐3 alloantibodies may be a challenge for platelet immunologists to ascertain the diagnosis. In case of bleeding, platelet transfusion is the therapy to be used in an emergency. For subsequent pregnancies, the mother should be followed up in a referral centre and antenatal management may be proposed.
Comparison of management strategies for controlling Nassella trichotoma in modified tussock grasslands in New Zealand: a spatial and economic analysis
Authors: Lamoureaux S L , Basse B , Bourdôt G W , Saville D J 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe weedy grass Nassella trichotoma (nassella tussock), historically an economically damaging invader of modified tussock grasslands in New Zealand, currently causes little if any reduction in farm production. This is a result of successful historical regional management programmes in which plants have been removed manually (by grubbing) each year before they seed. To inform a debate about the need for ongoing regional management, we developed a stage‐structured spatially explicit integrodifference equation population model and linked this to a cost analysis. We used the model to compare the weed's future population trajectories and related regional control costs over 50 years under three alternative management scenarios. The total discounted (3% p.a.) costs of no management, three‐yearly grubbing and continued annual grubbing were NZ $417 million, $736 million and $131 million respectively. These analyses indicate that annual grubbing of N. trichotoma returns a net benefit of $286 million ($417 – $131 million) compared with doing nothing and a net benefit of $605 million ($736 – $131 million) compared with a 3‐yearly grubbing programme. These results support the continuation of annual grubbing as the long‐term economically optimal management strategy for N. trichotoma on pastoral farms infested by the weed in New Zealand.
Internally Fired Semi-Closed Cycle Gas Turbine Plant for Naval Propulsion
Authors: DeWitt S. H. , Boyum W. B. 
Published: May 2015

An Internally fired semi-closed cycle gas turbine for Naval propulsion was designed and built for the U.S. Navy by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Due to a revision of the overall Navy propulsion program the plant was not tested at design conditions or mode of operation, but feasibility information for this configuration of gas turbine plant was obtained.
Plant tests indicated that this cycle configuration can be expected to attain a significant reduction in shipboard space and weight requirements while matching existing conventional propulsion plant fuel and air consumption rates over a wide load range. The plant further is simply controlled to minimize manning personnel, permit bridge control, and has a brief transient period from cruise power to full load. Plants of this cycle configuration can be expected to produce large powers such as required for main ship propulsion while employing components of the size where considerable industrial experience has been accumulated.
Fouling and corrosion of the internally fired, semi-closed cycle gas turbine were evaluated by the tests. Conventional gas turbine components are satisfactory for low sulfur fuel operation, and with additional precooler equipment development it is expected that high sulfur fuel operation will be achieved.
Real Gas Effects in Carbon Dioxide Cycles
Authors: Angelino G. 
Published: May 2015

The potential performance of carbon dioxide as working fluid is recognized to be similar to that of steam, which justifies thorough thermodynamic analysis of possible cycles.
The substantially better results achievable with CO2 with respect to other gases are due to the real gas behaviour in the vicinity of the Andrews curve. Simple cycles benefit from the reduced compression work, but their efficiency is compromised by significant losses caused by irreversible heat transfer. Their economy, however, is appreciably better than that of perfect gas cycles. More complex cycle arrangements, six of which are proposed and analyzed in detail, reduce heat transfer losses while maintaining the advantage of low compression work and raise cycle efficiency to values attained only by the best steam practice.
Some of the cycles presented were conceived to give a good efficiency at moderate pressure which is of particular value in direct-cycle nuclear applications.
The favourable influence on heat transfer coefficients of the combined variation with pressure of mechanical, thermal and transport properties, due to real gas effects, is illustrated. Technical aspects as turbo-machines dimensions and heat transfer surfaces needed for regeneration are also considered.
Cooling water requirements are found to be not much more stringent than in steam stations.
How Thickness and Material Properties Influence Thermal Shock Stresses in Flat Plates and Cylinders
Authors: Albrecht W. 
Published: May 2015

Thermal stresses in a flat plate, a solid and a hollow cylinder are calculated for sudden changes in ambient temperature using analytical solutions. The sudden temperature change from T1 to T2 is approximated by a step change and a linear change. Use of these approximations allows an evaluation of the actual stresses in close limits.
The analytical solutions for transient temperatures and stresses have been made dimensionless in order to gain general information. Thus it became possible to investigate the effect of geometry and wall thickness of a body, heat transfer characteristics and material properties on thermal shock stresses. Charts for quick evaluation of thermal shock stresses are included.
Genome Sequencing of 18 Francisella Strains To Aid in Assay Development and Testing
Authors: Johnson Shannon L. , Daligault Hajnalka E. , Davenport Karen W. , Coyne Susan R. , Frey Kenneth G. , Koroleva Galina I. , Broomall Stacey M. , Bishop-Lilly Kimberly A. , Bruce David C. , Chertkov Olga , Freitas Tracey , Jaissle James , Ladner Jason T. , Rosenzweig C. Nicole , Gibbons Henry S. , Palacios Gustavo F. , Redden Cassie L. , Xu Yan , Minogue Timothy D. , Chain Patrick S. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Francisella tularensis
is a highly infectious bacterium with the potential to cause high fatality rates if infections are untreated. To aid in the development of rapid and accurate detection assays, we have sequenced and annotated the genomes of 18
F. tularensis
and
Francisella philomiragia
strains.
Thirty-Two Complete Genome Assemblies of Nine
Yersinia
Species, Including Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica
Authors: Johnson Shannon L. , Daligault Hajnalka E. , Davenport Karen W. , Jaissle James , Frey Kenneth G. , Ladner Jason T. , Broomall Stacey M. , Bishop-Lilly Kimberly A. , Bruce David C. , Coyne Susan R. , Gibbons Henry S. , Lo Chien-Chi , Munk A. Christine , Rosenzweig C. Nicole , Koroleva Galina I. , Palacios Gustavo F. , Redden Cassie L. , Xu Yan , Minogue Timothy D. , Chain Patrick S. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

The genus
Yersinia
includes three human pathogens, of which
Yersinia pestis
is responsible for >2,000 illnesses each year. To aid in the development of detection assays and aid further phylogenetic elucidation, we sequenced and assembled the complete genomes of 32 strains (across 9
Yersinia
species).
Complete Genome Sequence of
Rhodococcus
sp. B7740, a Carotenoid-Producing Bacterium Isolated from the Arctic Sea
Authors: Zhang Di , Li Li , Zhu Sidong , Zhang Ning , Yang Jifang , Ma Xiangdong , Chen Jigang 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Rhodococcus
sp. B7740 was isolated from Arctic seawater and selected for its capacity to synthesize carotenoids. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Rhodococcus
sp. B7740 to provide the genetic basis for a better understanding of its carotenoid-accumulating capabilities, and we describe the major features of the genome.
Draft Genome Sequence of Isolate Staphylococcus aureus LHSKBClinical, Isolated from an Infected Hip
Authors: Stipetic Laurence H. , Hamilton Graham , Dalby Matthew J. , Davies Robert L. , Meek R. M. Dominic , Ramage Gordon , Smith David G. E. , Burgess Karl E. V. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

We report here the genome sequence of a clinical isolate of
Staphylococcus aureus
from an orthopedic infection. Phenotypically diverse
Staphylococcus aureus
strains are associated with orthopedic infections and subsequent implant failure, and some are highly resistant to antibiotics. This genome sequence will support further analyses of strains causing orthopedic infections.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Clinical Beijing-Like Strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis 323 Using the PacBio Real-Time Sequencing Platform
Authors: Rodríguez Juan Germán , Pino Camilo , Tauch Andreas , Murcia Martha Isabel 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

We report here the whole-genome sequence of the multidrug-resistant Beijing-like strain
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
323, isolated from a 15-year-old female patient who died shortly after the initiation of second-line drug treatment. This strain is representative of the Beijing-like isolates from Colombia, where this lineage is becoming a public health concern.
Health effects of adopting low greenhouse gas emission diets in the UK
Authors: Milner James , Green Rosemary , Dangour Alan D , Haines Andy , Chalabi Zaid , Spadaro Joseph , Markandya Anil , Wilkinson Paul 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveDietary changes which improve health are also likely to be beneficial for the environment by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). However, previous analyses have not accounted for the potential acceptability of low GHG diets to the general public. This study attempted to quantify the health effects associated with adopting low GHG emission diets in the UK.DesignEpidemiological modelling study.SettingUK.ParticipantsUK population.InterventionAdoption of diets optimised to achieve the WHO nutritional recommendations and reduce GHG emissions while remaining as close as possible to existing dietary patterns.Main outcomeChanges in years of life lost due to coronary heart disease, stroke, several cancers and type II diabetes, quantified using life tables.ResultsIf the average UK dietary intake were optimised to comply with the WHO recommendations, we estimate an incidental reduction of 17% in GHG emissions. Such a dietary pattern would be broadly similar to the current UK average. Our model suggests that it would save almost 7 million years of life lost prematurely in the UK over the next 30 years and increase average life expectancy by over 8 months. Diets that result in additional GHG emission reductions could achieve further net health benefits. For emission reductions greater than 40%, improvements in some health outcomes may decrease and acceptability will diminish.ConclusionsThere are large potential benefits to health from adopting diets with lower associated GHG emissions in the UK. Most of these benefits can be achieved without drastic changes to existing dietary patterns. However, to reduce emissions by more than 40%, major dietary changes that limit both acceptability and the benefits to health are required.
The SDEval benchmarking toolkit
Authors: Heinle Albert , Levandovskyy Viktor 
Published: May 2015

In this paper we will present SDeval, a software project that contains tools for creating and running benchmarks with a focus on problems in computer algebra. It is built on top of the Symbolic Data project, able to translate problems in the database into executable code for various computer algebra systems. The included tools are designed to be very flexible to use and to extend, such that they can be easily deployed even in contexts of other communities. We also address particularities of benchmarking in the field of computer algebra.
Furthermore, with SDEval, we provide a feasible and automatable way of reproducing benchmarks published in current research works, which appears to be a difficult task in general due to the customizability of the available programs.
DNA Damage in Cancer Therapeutics: A Boon or a Curse?
Authors: Khanna Anchit 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Millions of DNA-damaging lesions occur every day in each cell of our bodies due to various stresses. The failure to detect and accurately repair these lesions can give rise to cells with high levels of endogenous DNA damage, deleterious mutations, or genomic aberrations. Such genomic instability can lead to the activation of specific signaling pathways, including the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. Constitutive activation of DDR proteins has been observed in human tumor specimens from different cancer stages, including precancerous and metastatic cancers, although not in normal tissues. The tumor-suppressive role of DDR activity during the premalignant stage has been studied, and strong evidence is emerging for an oncogenic role for DDR proteins such as DNA-PK and CHK1 during the later stages of tumor development. However, the majority of current cancer therapies induce DNA damage, potentially exacerbating protumorigenic genomic instability and enabling the development of resistance. Therefore, elucidating the molecular basis of DNA damage–mediated genomic instability and its role in tumorigenesis is critical. Finally, I discuss the potential existence of distinct DNA damage thresholds at various stages of tumorigenesis and what the ramifications of such thresholds would be, including the ambiguous role of the DDR pathway in human cancers, therapy-induced malignancies, and enhanced therapies. Cancer Res; 75(11); 2133–8. ©2015 AACR.
Lifetime Physical Activity and the Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Boyle Terry , Gallagher Richard P. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Connors Joseph M. , Le Nhu D. , Spinelli John J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Research regarding the association between physical activity and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is limited and inconsistent, and few studies have investigated whether the intensity and timing of physical activity influence the association. A case–control study of NHL was conducted in British Columbia, Canada, in 2000 to 2004. Data were collected on various NHL risk factors, including moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity performed over the lifetime. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between physical activity and the risk of NHL. This analysis included 818 controls and 749 cases. Lifetime vigorous-intensity physical activity was inversely associated with NHL risk. Participants in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of lifetime vigorous-intensity physical activity had an approximately 25% to 30% lower risk of NHL than those in the lowest quartile [adjusted odds ratios, 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52–0.93); 0.68 (95% CI, 0.50–0.92); and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.55–1.01), respectively]. No consistent associations were observed for total or moderate-intensity physical activity. There were no apparent age periods in which physical activity appeared to confer a greater risk reduction. In this study, we found that lifetime vigorous-intensity physical activity was associated with a significantly reduced risk of NHL. Given this finding, more research on physical activity intensity and timing in relation to NHL risk is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(5); 873–7. ©2015 AACR.
Statin Use and Survival from Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Cardwell Chris R. , Mc Menamin Úna , Hughes Carmel M. , Murray Liam J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: Preclinical evidence from lung cancer cell lines and animal models suggest that statins could have anticancer properties. We investigated whether statin users had reduced risk of cancer-specific mortality in a population-based cohort of lung cancer patients.
Methods: Newly diagnosed lung cancer patients, from 1998 to 2009, were identified from English cancer registry data and linked to the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, providing prescription records, and to Office of National Statistics mortality data up to 2012. Cox regression models were used to calculate HRs for cancer-specific mortality and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by statin use before and after diagnosis, and to adjust these HRs for potential confounders.
Results: In 3,638 lung cancer patients, there was some evidence that statin use after diagnosis was associated with reduced lung cancer–specific mortality (adjusted HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.78–1.02; P = 0.09). Associations were more marked after 12 prescriptions (adjusted HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67–0.98; P = 0.03) and when lipophilic statins were investigated (adjusted HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70–0.94; P = 0.01), but were attenuated in some sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, in 11,051 lung cancer patients, statin use before diagnosis was associated with reduced lung cancer–specific mortality (adjusted HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83–0.93; P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions: There was some evidence that lung cancer patients who used statins, and particularly simvastatin, had reduced rates of cancer-specific mortality.
Impact: These findings should first be confirmed in observational studies, but provide some support for conducting randomized controlled trials of simvastatin as adjuvant cancer therapy in lung cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(5); 833–41. ©2015 AACR.
The Role of Gastroesophageal Reflux and Other Factors during Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hazelton William D. , Curtius Kit , Inadomi John M. , Vaughan Thomas L. , Meza Rafael , Rubenstein Joel H. , Hur Chin , Luebeck E. Georg 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: U.S. esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) incidence increased over 5-fold between 1975 and 2009. Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (sGERD) elevates the risk for EAC. However, a simple calculation suggests that changes in sGERD prevalence can explain at most approximately 16% of this trend. Importantly, a mechanistic understanding of the influence of sGERD and other factors (OF) on EAC is lacking.
Methods: A multiscale model was developed to estimate temporal trends for sGERD and OF, and their mechanistic role during carcinogenesis. Model calibration was to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) incidence and age-dependent sGERD data using maximum likelihood and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods.
Results: Among men, 77.8% [95% credibility interval (CI), 64.9%–85.6%] of the incidence trend is attributable to OF, 13.4% (95% CI, 11.4%–17.3%) to sGERD, and 8.8% (95% CI, 4.2%–13.7%) to sGERD–OF interactions. Among women, 32.6% (95% CI, 27.0%–39.9%) of the trend is attributable to OF, 13.6% (95% CI, 12.5%–15.9%) to sGERD, and 47.4% (95% CI, 30.7%–64.6%) to interactions. The predicted trends were compared with historical trends for obesity, smoking, and proton pump inhibitor use. Interestingly, predicted OF cohort trends correlated most highly with median body mass index (BMI) at age 50 (r = 0.988 for men; r = 0.998 for women).
Conclusions: sGERD and OF mechanistically increase premalignant cell promotion, which increases EAC risk exponentially with exposure duration.
Impact: Surveillance should target individuals with long-duration sGERD and OF exposures. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(7); 1012–23. ©2015 AACR.