bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the cingulate cortex in idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Braga Aline M. da S. , Fujisao Elaine K. , Verdade Roberto C. , Paschoalato Rômulo P. , Paschoalato Ricardo P. , Yamashita Seizo , Betting Luiz E. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryObjectiveStudies using quantitative neuroimaging have shown subtle abnormalities in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). These findings have several locations, but the midline parasagittal structures are most commonly implicated. The cingulate cortex is related and may be involved. The objective of the current investigation was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the cingulate cortex using multiple quantitative structural neuroimaging techniques.MethodsThirty‐two patients (18 women, 30 ± 10 years) and 36 controls (18 women, 32 ± 11 years) were imaged by 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A volumetric three‐dimensional (3D) sequence was acquired and used for this investigation. Regions‐of‐interest were selected and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analyses compared the cingulate cortex of the two groups using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8) and VBM8 software. Cortical analyses of the cingulate gyrus was performed using Freesurfer. Images were submitted to automatic processing using built‐in routines and recommendations. Structural parameters were extracted for individual analyses, and comparisons between groups were restricted to the cingulate gyrus. Finally, shape analyses was performed on the anterior rostral, anterior caudal, posterior, and isthmus cingulate using spherical harmonic description (SPHARM).ResultsVBM analyses of cingulate gyrus showed areas of gray matter atrophy, mainly in the anterior cingulate gyrus (972 mm3) and the isthmus (168 mm3). Individual analyses of the cingulate cortex were similar between patients with IGE and controls. Surface‐based comparisons revealed abnormalities located mainly in the posterior cingulate cortex (718.12 mm2). Shape analyses demonstrated a predominance of anterior and posterior cingulate abnormalities.SignificanceThis study suggests that patients with IGE have structural abnormalities in the cingulate gyrus mainly localized at the anterior and posterior portions. This finding is subtle and variable among patients.
Harnessing natural selection to tackle the problem of prey naïveté
Authors: Moseby Katherine E. , Blumstein Daniel T. , Letnic Mike 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany populations are threatened or endangered because of excessive predation resulting from individuals' inability to recognize, avoid, or escape alien predators. Such prey naïveté is often attributed to the absence of prior experience and co‐evolution between native prey and introduced predators. Many reintroduction programs focus on reducing predation rate by excluding introduced predators, a focus which ignores, and indeed exacerbates, the problem of prey naïveté. We argue for a new paradigm in reintroduction biology that expands the focus from predator control to kick‐starting learning and evolutionary processes between alien predators and reintroduced prey. By exposing reintroduced prey to carefully controlled levels of alien predators, in situ predation could enhance reintroduction success by facilitating acquisition of learned antipredator responses and through natural selection for appropriate antipredator traits. This in situ predator exposure should be viewed as a long‐term process but is likely to be the most efficient and expedient way to improve prey responses and assist in broadscale recovery of threatened species.
Evaluation of environmentally assisted fracture of austempered ductile iron (ADI) under cyclic load bearing
Authors: Fernández Scudeller F , Martínez R A 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper aims to characterize the behaviour of austempered ductile iron (ADI) under cyclic load bearing and its surface in contact with water.The first part is devoted to verifying the drop in Ultimate tensile strength and the elongation that takes place when ADI tensile samples are tested submerged in water as compared to values obtained in dry condition.Focus of this work is placed on crack initiation and propagation when submerged SEN(B) samples are tested applying cyclic loads.Different test stages of fissure nucleation and propagation on the lateral face of the sample were documented by microscopic imaging during the test, thereby allowing to characterize the manner in which failure occurred.The resulting fracture surfaces were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and possible fracture mechanisms are discussed.The main contributions of this work include characteristic values of the time of crack initiation, crack growth rate and a methodology to study some particularities of the operating fracture mechanisms based on lateral observations and fracture surface images.
Seasonal temperature and precipitation regulate brook trout young‐of‐the‐year abundance and population dynamics
Authors: Kanno Yoichiro , Pregler Kasey C. , Hitt Nathaniel P. , Letcher Benjamin H. , Hocking Daniel J. , Wofford John E. B. 
Published: September 2015

Summary

Abundance of the young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) fish can vary greatly among years and it may be driven by several key biological processes (i.e. adult spawning, egg survival and fry survival) that span several months. However, the relative influence of seasonal weather patterns on YOY abundance is poorly understood.

We assessed the importance of seasonal air temperature (a surrogate for stream temperature) and precipitation (a surrogate for stream flow) on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) YOY summer abundance using a 29‐year data set from 115 sites in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, U.S.A. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model that allowed the effect of seasonal weather covariates to vary among sites and accounted for imperfect detection of individuals.

Summer YOY abundance was affected by preceding seasonal air temperature and precipitation, and these regional‐scale drivers led to spatial synchrony in YOY abundance dynamics across the 170‐km‐long study area. Mean winter precipitation had the greatest effect on YOY abundance and the relationship was negative. Mean autumn precipitation, and winter and spring temperature had significantly positive effects on YOY abundance, and mean autumn temperature had a significant negative effect. In addition, the effect of summer precipitation differed along a latitudinal gradient, with YOY abundance at more northern sites being more responsive to inter‐annual variation in summer precipitation.

Strong YOY years resulted in high abundance of adults (>age 1 + fish) in the subsequent year at more than half of sites. However, higher adult abundance did not result in higher YOY abundance in the subsequent year at any of the study sites (i.e. no positive stock–recruitment relationship).

Our results indicate that YOY abundance is a key driver of brook trout population dynamics that is mediated by seasonal weather patterns. A reliable assessment of climate change impacts on brook trout needs to account for how alternations in seasonal weather patterns impact YOY abundance and how such relationships may differ across the range of brook trout distribution.
Participatory Action Research: Coproduction, Governance and Care
Authors: Mason Kelvin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn the wake of recent academic interest in coproduction, engaged research and transdisciplinarity, this article reviews some developments and directions in participatory action research (PAR), mainly within human geography. It examines one response to poststructuralist critiques that PAR either elides power relations or conversely can be equated to tyranny, namely a proposal to view PAR as a form of governance. Spatialising PAR then draws attention to the reach and relational workings of power. Counter‐topography is discussed as a conceptualisation by which PAR can jump scales to inform theory. Prefiguring the social justice imperative with which it is invested, the potential of practising PAR as an ethics of care is explored. Consideration is given to how PAR's imperative for social change shapes the researcher's responsibilities vis‐à‐vis representation, political strategy and emotional engagement. Tensions between PAR's social change imperative, the needs of research partners and the institutional constrains of academia are a through‐going theme. I conclude that PAR has much to offer research in human geography and, in turn, that work in human geography has provided PAR with space‐relational strategies of engaging with power, which do not preclude emancipatory action.
Understanding barriers to home‐based and self‐care in‐center hemodialysis
Authors: Yau May , Carver Michelle , Alvarez Luis , Block Geoffrey A. , Chertow Glenn M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDespite superior outcomes and lower associated costs, relatively few patients with end‐stage renal disease undergo self‐care or home hemodialysis. Few studies have examined patient‐ and physician‐specific barriers to self‐care and home hemodialysis in the modern era. The degree to which innovative technology might facilitate the adoption of these modalities is unknown. We surveyed 250 patients receiving in‐center hemodialysis and 51 board‐certified nephrologists to identify key barriers to adoption of self‐care and home hemodialysis. Overall, 172 (69%) patients reported that they were “likely” or “very likely” to consider self‐care hemodialysis if they were properly trained on a new hemodialysis system designed for self‐care or home use. Nephrologists believed that patients were capable of performing many dialysis‐relevant tasks, including: weighing themselves (98%), wiping down the chair and machine (84%), clearing alarms during treatment (53%), taking vital signs (46%), and cannulating vascular access (41%), but thought that patients would be willing to do the same in only 69%, 34%, 31%, 29%, and 16%, respectively. Reasons that nephrologists believe patients are hesitant to pursue self‐care or home hemodialysis do not correspond in parallel or by priority to reasons reported by patients. Self‐care and home hemodialysis offer several advantages to patients and dialysis providers. Overcoming real and perceived barriers with new technology, education and coordinated care will be required for these modalities to gain traction in the coming years.
NUP98–HOXA9 bearing therapy‐related myeloid neoplasm involves myeloid‐committed cell and induces HOXA5,EVI1, FLT3, and MEIS1 expression
Authors: Burillo‐Sanz S. , Morales‐Camacho R. M. , Caballero‐Velázquez T. , Vargas M. T. , García‐Lozano J. R. , Falantes J. F. , Prats‐Martín C. , Bernal R. , Pérez‐Simón J. A. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIntroductionChromosomal rearrangements involving NUP98 gene have been associated with human leukemias such as de novo AML, therapy‐related AML (t‐AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Genetic fusion NUP98–HOXA9, caused by t(7;11)(p15;p15), is a recurrent cytogenetic alteration in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) usually found in young Asian patients and its description in therapy‐related myeloid neoplasms (t‐MN) is rare. Only one Asian case with molecular demonstration of the NUP98–HOXA9 fusion has been reported in therapy‐related leukemia. NUP98–HOXA9 leukemogenic mechanism is derived from the transcription factor activity of the chimeric protein, which enhances the expression of genes related to cellular differentiation arrest and proliferation.Patients and MethodsWe studied a Caucasian woman with a therapy‐related acute myeloid leukemia after Ewing′s sarcoma. Molecular demonstration of the genetic fusion NUP98–HOXA9 was performed by RT‐PCR, and gene expression was analyzed by real‐time PCR, including four AML patients with MLL rearrangements for comparative analysis. Cytologic and flow cytometric analysis was also carried out.ResultsAfter cytologic and flow cytometric analysis diagnostics was therapy‐related myeloid neoplasm (t‐MN). The major component of blasts in the acute leukemia was with neutrophilic differentiation, but 13% erythroid lineage blasts were also found. Cytogenetic and FISH analysis revealed t(7;11)(p15;p15) and NUP98–HOXA9 fusion gene was demonstrated. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of EVI1 and MEIS1 in the index patient, both of them previously related to a worst outcome.ConclusionIn this work, we include a detailed molecular, clinical, cytological, and cytometric study of the second t‐AML bearing NUP98–HOXA9 genetic fusion.
Survival impact of the Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme
Authors: Ananda S. , Wong H. , Faragher I. , Jones I. T. , Steele M. , Kosmider S. , Desai J. , Tie J. , Field K. , Wong R. , Tran B. , Bae S. , Gibbs P. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) has been offering age‐based faecal occult blood testing since 2006. With the rapid expansion of this programme, the NBCSP will ultimately offer biennial screening to all 50–74 years old by 2020. Participation rates remain low. Previous reports have described an increased proportion of earlier stage cancers in patients with NBCSP‐detected tumours.MethodsData on consecutive patients enrolled into a prospective, comprehensive, multidisciplinary database at six Victorian hospitals were examined. Clinicopathologic and outcome data were compared for NBCSP and symptomatic presentation patients.ResultsWe identified 3743 patients that presented with colorectal cancer (CRC) at participating hospitals since May 2006. Of 1930 patients aged between 50 and 70 years, 141 (7.3%) had a NBCSP detected cancer, 1441 (74.7%) presented with symptoms and 266 (13.8%) were diagnosed through screening outside of the NBCSP. Based on the American Society of Anaesthesiology score, the NBCSP patients were fitter. They had an earlier stage of diagnosis and were more likely to be female and less likely to have lymphovascular invasion or to present as an emergency. NBCSP detected patients had a lower rate of recurrence (HR 0.17, P = 0.0001) and fewer deaths (HR 0.19, P = 0.005).ConclusionsPatients with NBCSP‐detected CRC have a markedly reduced risk of CRC recurrence and death compared with patients with a symptomatic presentation. The dominant driver of this appears to be earlier stage at diagnosis. Increased promotion of the impact of the NBCSP, including data related to the survival impact, should be undertaken to increase participation rates and achieve further survival gains.
Can we ease the financial burden of colonoscopy? Using real‐time endoscopic assessment of polyp histology to predict surveillance intervals
Authors: Chandran S. , Parker F. , Lontos S. , Vaughan R. , Efthymiou M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundPolyps identified at colonoscopy are predominantly diminutive (<5 mm) with a small risk (>1%) of high‐grade dysplasia or carcinoma; however, the cost of histological assessment is substantial.AimThe aim of this study was to determine whether prediction of colonoscopy surveillance intervals based on real‐time endoscopic assessment of polyp histology is accurate and cost effective.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted across a tertiary care and private community hospital. Ninety‐four patients underwent colonoscopy and polypectomy of diminutive (≤5 mm) polyps from October 2012 to July 2013, yielding a total of 159 polyps. Polyps were examined and classified according to the Sano–Emura classification system. The endoscopic assessment (optical diagnosis) of polyp histology was used to predict appropriate colonoscopy surveillance intervals. The main outcome measure was the accuracy of optical diagnosis of diminutive colonic polyps against the gold standard of histological assessment.ResultsOptical diagnosis was correct in 105/108 (97.2%) adenomas. This yielded a sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values (with 95%CI) of 97.2% (92.1–99.4%), 78.4% (64.7–88.7%), 90.5% (83.7–95.2%) and 93% (80.9–98.5%) respectively. Ninety‐two (98%) patients were correctly triaged to their repeat surveillance colonoscopy. Based on these findings, a cut and discard approach would have resulted in a saving of $319.77 per patient.ConclusionEndoscopists within a tertiary care setting can accurately predict diminutive polyp histology and confer an appropriate surveillance interval with an associated financial benefit to the healthcare system. However, limitations to its application in the community setting exist, which may improve with further training and high‐definition colonoscopes.
Maternal Age, Psychological Maturity, Parenting Cognitions, and Mother–Infant Interaction
Authors: Camberis Anna‐Lisa , McMahon Catherine A. , Gibson Frances L. , Boivin Jacky 
Published: September 2015

In the context of the trend toward delayed childbearing, the aim of this study was to examine relations among maternal age and the quality of maternal interactive behavior at 7 months assessed using sensitivity and mind‐mindedness, while also considering whether age effects were attributable to psychological maturity and parenting cognitions. Participants were 150 Australian mothers (mean age 33‐years) and their firstborn infants who were participating in a prospective study of parenthood. Path analysis showed maternal age had both direct and indirect associations with maternal interactive behavior. Older mothers made more mind‐related comments to their infants. They were also more sensitive; however, this effect was indirect and explained by greater psychological maturity (hardiness) and a more internal locus of control with regard to parenting. Results suggest that older maternal age may confer some benefits in terms of responsive parenting in infancy.
Biodiversity and climate change: ethics and science
Authors: Crowley John 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBiodiversity and climate change are phenomena constructed on the basis of scientific knowledge. It is this distinctive epistemological status that gives rise to some of their most significant ethical properties. They are not autonomous scientific problems on which ethical thinking can be superimposed from the outside, any more than they are ethical concerns that have been gradually fuelled by factual elements. Rather, they are inseparably cognitive and ethical issues, in which the need for knowledge in the face of diffuse ethical concerns has always been central. After considering in more detail the attendant ethical issues, the article concludes that it is important to think about the conditions that can ensure, consistently with the commitments already made by the international community, that autonomous, integrated and rigorous science will contribute to the wellbeing of all of humanity, while preserving the integrity of the climate system and the intrinsic value of ecosystems. This is a considerable challenge, which requires a clarification of existing ethical principles, better understanding of a number of characteristics of climate change and biodiversity and, lastly, connections – some of which may be innovative – between scientific ethics, the sociology of science and the analysis of scientific policies.
Plasma levels of OLFM4 in normals and patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Clemmensen Stine N. , Glenthøj Anders J. , Heebøll Sara , Nielsen Hans Jørgen , Koch Claus , Borregaard Niels 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOlfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) is a secreted glycoprotein predominantly expressed in bone marrow and gastrointestinal tissues. Aberrant expression of OLFM4 has been shown in several cancers. However, the clinical significance hereof is currently controversial. OLFM4 has been proposed as a candidate biomarker of gastrointestinal cancers. To address this, we developed monoclonal antibodies against synthetic peptides representing various segments of OLFM4. We examined expression of OLFM4 in epithelial cells by immunohistochemistry and found that OLFM4 is highly expressed in proliferating benign epithelial cells and in some carcinoma cells. We developed an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for OLFM4 and investigated whether plasma levels of OLFM4 reflect colorectal malignancies, but were unable to see any such association. Instead, we observed two populations of individuals with respect to OLFM4 levels in plasma, the majority with OLFM4 in plasma between 0 and 0.1 μg/ml, mean 0.028 μg/ml while 10% of both normals and patients with cancers had OLFM4 between 4 and 60 μg/ml, mean 15 μg/ml. The levels were constant over time. The background for this high plasma level is not known, but must be taken into account if OLFM4 is used as biomarker for GI cancers.
Analysis of the miRNA–mRNA–lncRNA networks in ER+ and ER− breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Wu Qian , Guo Li , Jiang Fei , Li Lei , Li Zhong , Chen Feng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRecently, rapid advances in bioinformatics analysis have expanded our understanding of the transcriptome to a genome‐wide level. miRNA–mRNA–lncRNA interactions have been shown to play critical regulatory role in cancer biology. In this study, we discussed the use of an integrated systematic approach to explore new facets of the oestrogen receptor (ER)‐regulated transcriptome. The identification of RNAs that are related to the expression status of the ER may be useful in clinical therapy and prognosis. We used a network modelling strategy. First, microarray expression profiling of mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA was performed in MCF‐7 (ER‐positive) and MDA‐MB‐231 cells (ER‐ negative). A co‐expression network was then built using co‐expression relationships of the differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs. Finally, the selected miRNA–mRNA network was added to the network. The key miRNA–mRNA–lncRNA interaction can be inferred from the network. The mRNA and non‐coding RNA expression profiles of the cells with different ER phenotypes were distinct. Among the aberrantly expressed miRNAs, the expression levels of miR‐19a‐3p, miR‐19b‐3p and miR‐130a‐3p were much lower in the MCF‐7 cells, whereas that of miR‐148b‐3p was much higher. In a cluster of miR‐17‐92, the expression levels of six of seven miRNAs were lower in the MCF‐7 cells, in addition to miR‐20b in the miR‐106a‐363 cluster. However, the levels of all the miRNAs in the miR‐106a‐25 cluster were higher in the MCF‐7 cells. In the co‐expression networking, CD74 and FMNL2 gene which is involved in the immune response and metastasis, respectively, had a stronger correlation with ER. Among the aberrantly expressed lncRNAs, lncRNA‐DLEU1 was highly expressed in the MCF‐7 cells. A statistical analysis revealed that there was a co‐expression relationship between ESR1 and lncRNA‐DLEU1. In addition, miR‐19a and lncRNA‐DLEU1 are both located on the human chromosome 13q. We speculate that miR‐19a might be co‐expressed with lncRNA‐DLEU1 to co‐regulate the expression of ESR1, which influences the occurrence and development of breast cancer cells with different levels of ER expression. Our findings reveal that the status of ER is mainly due to the differences in the mRNA and ncRNA profile between the breast cancer cell lines, and highlight the importance of studying the miRNA–mRNA–lncRNA interactions to completely illustrate the intricate transcriptome.