bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient retention and fate of iron‐binding phenolic compounds during the injera processing of tannin‐free and high‐tannin sorghum
Authors: Seyoum Yohannes , Retta Negussie , Baye Kaleab 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDTraits such as bird‐, insect‐ and mould‐resistance are the focus in selecting improved sorghum varieties, but this often increases the tannin content, which can negatively affect iron bioavailability. The grain characteristics, nutrient retention, and the fate of iron‐binding polyphenols (IBPs) during injera processing, an Ethiopian traditional fermented pancake, were investigated using agriculturally improved tannin‐free (TFC) and high‐tannin (HTC) sorghum cultivars.RESULTSThe HTC had significantly higher IBP contents than the TFC (P < 0.05). Decortication led to iron (24–27%), calcium (18–43%), IBP (catechol 35–41%, galloyl 35–42%), and tannin (12–35%) losses. Sourdough fermentation reduced the IBP and tannin concentrations in HTC, but had no effect on the IBP concentrations in TFC. The modified injera processing that included pre‐soaking resulted in the highest IBP reductions (galloyl 73% and catechol 71%).CONCLUSIONNutrient retention in HTC and TFC processing was different. Including a pre‐soaking step during injera processing of HTC could counter the negative effects of IBP on iron absorption, while benefiting from the agronomic features of HTC. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Tourism and Pilgrimage: Paying Homage to Literary Heroes
Authors: Brown Lorraine 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBy exploring the experiences of visiting the grave of famous authors, this study highlights the place of literary tourism in the tourism pilgrimage literature. It is based on an observational study of visitors to the grave of Jean‐Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir in Paris. Analysis reveals that visitors were motivated by a desire for closeness, a wish to pay their respects and to acknowledge the influence on their life of the two writers. The study notes a strong parallel between the religious and the literary pilgrim and contributes to knowledge on the phenomenon of the secular pilgrimage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patients' Experiences of Nurse‐Led Screening for Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Frølund Jannie Christina , Primdahl Jette 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundPatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Screening for cardiovascular risk is recommended by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). There is a lack of evidence of the experiences of RA patients who are screened for CVD. Such information is important in order to organize and further develop screening programmes for CVD in patients with RA. The aim of the present study was to explore RA patients' experiences of participation in nurse‐led screening for CVD and to identify key issues for the future organization of screening programmes.MethodsThree qualitative focus group interviews were carried out with 14 outpatients diagnosed with RA. The participants were stratified into groups, depending on whether they had a low‐to‐moderate or high ten‐year risk of cardiovascular death according to the European Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) system. Data were analysed using meaning condensation to identify key themes.ResultsFive themes were identified: reactions to receiving the invitation to the screening consultation; screening consultation adapted to needs and RA; duration reflected needs; screening consultation brought a sense of relief; and motivation and sense of control. Regardless of their CV risk, the participants found it important that the screening consultation was adapted to their needs and their illness as RA had a major impact on their daily life.ConclusionsWhen planning future screening programmes for CVD for patients with RA, it is important that the screening consultation is individualized and tailored to patients' needs and their RA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary refractory and early‐relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma: strategies for therapeutic targeting based on the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Carbone Antonino , Gloghini Annunziata , Castagna Luca , Santoro Armando , Carlo‐Stella Carmelo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractClassical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), a distinct disease entity with characteristic clinical and pathological features, accounts for approximately 10% of all malignant lymphomas. cHL can be considered a prototype model for how the tumour microenvironment influences cancer pathogenesis. Cellular components of the cHL microenvironment express molecules involved in cancer cell growth and survival, such as CD30L or CD40L. Moreover, several signal transduction pathways that are critical for the proliferation and survival of neoplastic Hodgkin Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells, including NF‐κB, JAK–STAT, PI3K–AkT and ERK, are deregulated in cHL. Although most patients can be cured with modern treatment strategies, approximately a quarter experience either primary or secondary chemorefractoriness or disease relapse, thus requiring novel treatments. Preclinical and clinical evidence has elucidated a complex crosstalk between malignant HRS cells and the reactive cells of the microenvironment, which suggests that novel therapeutic approaches capable of targeting HRS cells along with reactive cells might overcome chemorefractoriness. In the near future, these novel therapies will also be tested in chemosensitive patients, to reduce the long‐term toxicity of chemo‐radiotherapy. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of Glass Anvils in Drop‐Weight Studies of Energetic Materials
Authors: Walley Stephen M. , Field John E. , Biers Richard A. , Proud William G. , Williamson David M. , Jardine Andrew P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractConventional impact sensitiveness machines (e.g. Rotter and BAM) do not provide detailed information about hot‐spot ignition mechanisms in energetic materials. To gain further insight, a glass anvil technique was developed at Cambridge in the early 1950s, which allowed high‐speed photographic studies to be performed during impact on energetic liquids, explosive powders and crystals. Herein we review such investigations which continue up to the present day.
Gaseous ternary chromium‐aluminium complexes as precursor for chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Lessiak Mario , Haubner Roland , Pitonak Reinhard , Köpf Arno , Weissenbacher Ronald 
Published: May 2015

AbstractResearch on high‐performance CVD coatings follows the target to increased hardness and oxidation resistance. Such coatings and coating systems are required for machining tools to optimize the manufacturing parameters for new materials and new processes. The use of chromium‐containing coatings is requested because of its feature to increase the corrosion resistance. The production of various chromium‐containing coatings is already shown by PVD, but for industrial scale CVD processes there are problems with the chromium precursors. Especially the chromium chlorides have a low vapour pressure and therefore high temperatures are needed for evaporation. To overcome the disadvantages of CrCl3 the relatively good evaporation of halide complexes was reported, showing potential for new CVD processes. Numerous metal compounds form gaseous complexes with Aluminium chloride but also Cr. Based on this characteristic the transport reaction of CrCl2/Al2Cl6 as chromium tetrachloraluminate is investigated. The focus of this work lies in the preparation of the chromium precursors as well as in the optimization of the transport reaction which required various changes in the conventional experimental CVD‐setup. To measure the amount of transported chromium the gas phase was condensed and their Cr‐content was analyzed. For the CVD deposition of Cr containing coatings, this precursor gas flow can be used directly. Further the interaction between aluminum chloride and the chromium precursor, different process parameters, as well as existing difficulties regarding the transport reaction are discussed. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Auxin and cytokinin act during gynoecial patterning and the development of ovules from the meristematic medial domain
Authors: Sehra Bhupinder , Franks Robert G. 
Published: May 2015

The gynoecium is the female reproductive structure of flowering plants, and is the site of ovule and seed development. The gynoecium is critical for reproductive competence and for agricultural productivity in many crop plants. In this review we focus on molecular aspects of the development of the Arabidopsis thaliana gynoecium. We briefly introduce gynoecium structure and development and then focus on important research advances published within the last year. We highlight what has been learned recently with respect to: (1) the role of auxin in the differential development of the medial and lateral domains of the Arabidopsis gynoecium; (2) the interaction between cytokinin and auxin during gynoecial development; (3) the role of auxin in the termination of the floral meristem and in the transition of floral meristem to gynoecium; and (4) recent studies that suggest a degree of evolutionary conservation of auxin mechanisms during gynoecial development in other eudicots. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:555–571. doi: 10.1002/wdev.193This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms
Plant Development > Inflorescence, Flower, and Fruit Development
Small Australian desert vertebrate responses to grazing intensity during La Niña
Authors: Waudby Helen P. , Petit Sophie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFew studies have examined how grazing intensity affects small Australian desert vertebrates, despite the large extent of the grazing industry and its potential effects on native biota. We examined small reptile, amphibian and mammal responses to two intensities (“grazed” and “less‐grazed”) of cattle grazing in the stony plains system of arid South Australia. The study was undertaken during wet La Niña conditions when abundance of most species was expected to be highest. Total rainfall over the study period was over twice the mean yearly rainfall. Small vertebrates were sampled with pitfall and Elliott traps. Responses of individual species were compared among three grazed and three less‐grazed sites. One agamid species (Ctenophorus gibba) was captured more frequently at grazed sites, and two skink species (Ctenotus olympicus and Menetia greyii) at less‐grazed sites. Mus musculus (an exotic mammal) was caught most frequently at grazed sites. No native mammal species responded to grazing intensity. Low‐moderate livestock grazing in this study system, during periods of high rainfall, did not have a negative effect on most species studied. Complementary studies should compare responses during drought.
KNOWING WHAT'S NOT UP THE ROAD BY SEEING WHAT'S RIGHT IN FRONT OF YOU: EPISTEMOLOGICAL DISJUNCTIVISM'S FAKE BARN PROBLEM
Authors: Veber Michael 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTEpistemological Disjunctivism (ED) is the view that rational support for paradigm cases of perceptual knowledge that P comes from seeing that P – a state that is both factive and reflectively accessible. ED has the consequence that if I see that there is a barn before me, I can thereby be in a position to know that I am not in fake barn country. It is argued that this is a problem. The problem is distinct from familiar complaints about Neo-Mooreanism and easy knowledge. Potential ways of avoiding this problem are proposed. It is argued that they do not succeed. There is a way out of ED's fake barn problem but many will likely find it inhospitable.
Materialising memories: exploring the stories of people with dementia through dress
Authors: BUSE CHRISTINA , TWIGG JULIA 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, we use clothes as a tool for exploring the life stories and narratives of people with dementia, eliciting memories through the sensory and material dimensions of dress. The article draws on an Economic and Social Research Council-funded study, ‘Dementia and Dress’, which explored everyday experiences of clothing for carers, care workers and people with dementia, using qualitative and ethnographic methods including: ‘wardrobe interviews’, observations, and visual and sensory approaches. In our analysis, we use three dimensions of dress as a device for exploring the experiences of people with dementia:kept clothes, as a way of retaining connections to memories and identity;discarded clothes, and their implications for understanding change and loss in relation to the ‘dementia journey’; andabsent clothes, invoked through the sensory imagination, recalling images of former selves, and carrying identity forward into the context of care. The article contributes to understandings of narrative, identity and dementia, drawing attention to the potential of material objects for evoking narratives, and maintaining biographical continuity for both men and women. The paper has larger implications for understandings of ageing and care practice; as well as contributing to the wider Material Turn in gerontology, showing how cultural analyses can be applied even to frail older groups who are often excluded from such approaches.
The Political Economy of Religious Revival
Authors: Koesel Karrie J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the religious economy approach by applying it to the religious revival across contemporary Russia and China. This comparison shows that the religious economy framework is beneficial in explaining some aspects of the communist and post-communist religious change, including macroeconomic market trends and why some faiths thrive while others fail. However, it has less explanatory power in explaining religious-state relations under market constraints — that is, how religious groups interact with state regulators to survive and grow; the range of options available to religious actors and their payoffs; and the political consequence of this interaction. This article draws on fieldwork in both countries to illustrate the benefits of grounding the religious economy approach more deeply in politics. The political economy of the marketplace reveals how and why religious groups engage the state to survive, and that they are becoming influential political and economic actors.
Gankyrin drives malignant transformation of chronic liver damage-mediated fibrosis via the Rac1/JNK pathway
Authors: Zhao X , Fu J , Xu A , Yu L , Zhu J , Dai R , Su B , Luo T , Li N , Qin W , Wang B , Jiang J , Li S , Chen Y , Wang H 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHepatocarcinogenesis is a complex process involving chronic liver injury, inflammation, unregulated wound healing, subsequent fibrosis and carcinogenesis. To decipher the molecular mechanism underlying transition from chronic liver injury to dysplasia, we investigated the oncogenic role of gankyrin (PSMD10 or p28GANK) during malignant transformation in a transgenic mouse model. Here, we find that gankyrin increased in patients with cirrhosis. In addition to more severe liver fibrosis and tumorigenesis after DEN plus CCl4 treatment, hepatocyte-specific gankyrin-overexpressing mice (gankyrinhep) exhibited malignant transformation from liver fibrosis to tumors even under single CCl4 administration, whereas wild-type mice merely experienced fibrosis. Consistently, enhanced hepatic injury, severe inflammation and strengthened compensatory proliferation occurred in gankyrinhep mice during CCl4 performance. This correlated with augmented expressions of cell cycle-related genes and abnormal activation of Rac1/c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Pharmacological inhibition of the Rac1/JNK pathway attenuated hepatic fibrosis and prevented CCl4-induced carcinogenesis in gankyrinhep mice. Together, these findings suggest that gankyrin promotes liver fibrosis/cirrhosis progression into hepatocarcinoma relying on a persistent liver injury and inflammatory microenvironment. Blockade of Rac1/JNK activation impeded gankyrin-mediated hepatocytic malignant transformation, indicating the combined inhibition of gankyrin and Rac1/JNK as a potential prevention mechanism for cirrhosis transition.
Tuning the optical response of a dimer nanoantenna using plasmonic nanoring loads
Authors: Panaretos Anastasios H. , Yuwen Yu A. , Werner Douglas H. , Mayer Theresa S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe optical properties of a dimer type nanoantenna loaded with a plasmonic nanoring are investigated through numerical simulations and measurements of fabricated prototypes. It is demonstrated that by judiciously choosing the nanoring geometry it is possible to engineer its electromagnetic properties and thus devise an effective wavelength dependent nanoswitch. The latter provides a mechanism for controlling the coupling between the dimer particles and in particular to establish a pair of coupled/de-coupled states for the total structure, that effectively results in its dual mode response. Using electron beam lithography the targeted structure has been accurately fabricated and the desired dual mode response of the nanoantenna was experimentally verified. The response of the fabricated structure is further analyzed numerically. This permits the visualization of the electromagnetic fields and polarization surface charge distributions when the structure is at resonance. In this way the switching properties of the plasmonic nanoring are revealed. The documented analysis illustrates the inherent tuning capabilities that plasmonic nanorings offer and furthermore paves the way towards a practical implementation of tunable optical nanoantennas. Additionally, our analysis through an effective medium approach introduces the nanoring as a compact and efficient solution for realizing nanoscale circuits.
A novel caspase 8 selective small molecule potentiates TRAIL-induced cell death
Authors: Bucur Octavian , Gaidos Gabriel , Yatawara Achani , Pennarun Bodvael , Rupasinghe Chamila , Roux Jérémie , Andrei Stefan , Guo Bingqian , Panaitiu Alexandra , Pellegrini Maria , Mierke Dale F. , Khosravi-Far Roya 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecombinant soluble TRAIL and agonistic antibodies against TRAIL receptors (DR4 and DR5) are currently being created for clinical cancer therapy, due to their selective killing of cancer cells and high safety characteristics. However, resistance to TRAIL and other targeted therapies is an important issue facing current cancer research field. An attractive strategy to sensitize resistant malignancies to TRAIL-induced cell death is the design of small molecules that target and promote caspase 8 activation. For the first time, we describe the discovery and characterization of a small molecule that directly binds caspase 8 and enhances its activation when combined with TRAIL, but not alone. The molecule was identified through an in silico chemical screen for compounds with affinity for the caspase 8 homodimer’s interface. The compound was experimentally validated to directly bind caspase 8 and to promote caspase 8 activation and cell death in single living cells or population of cells, upon TRAIL stimulation. Our approach is a proof-of-concept strategy leading to the discovery of a novel small molecule that not only stimulates TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells, but may also provide insights into the structure-function relationship of caspase 8 homodimers as putative targets in cancer.
A Controllable Aptamer-Based Self-Assembled DNA Dendrimer for High Affinity Targeting, Bioimaging and Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Ma Yanli , Xie Yi , An Yuan , Huang Yishun , Zhu Zhi , Yang Chaoyong James 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTargeted drug delivery is important in cancer therapy to decrease the systemic toxicity resulting from nonspecific drug distribution and to enhance drug delivery efficiency. We have developed an aptamer-based DNA dendritic nanostructure as a multifunctional vehicle for targeted cancer cell imaging and drug delivery. The multifunctional DNA dendrimer is constructed from functional Y-shaped building blocks with predesigned base-pairing hybridization including fluorophores, targeting DNA aptamers and intercalated anticancer drugs. With controllable step-by-step self-assembly, the programmable DNA dendrimer has several appealing features, including facile modular design, excellent biostability and biocompatibility, high selectivity, strong binding affinity, good cell internalization efficiency and high drug loading capacity. Due to the unique structural features of DNA dendrimers, multiple copies of aptamers can be incorporated into each dendrimer, generating a multivalent aptamer-tethered nanostructure with enhanced binding affinity. A model chemotherapeutic anticancer drug, doxorubicin, was delivered via these aptamer-based DNA dendrimers and exerted a potent toxicity for target cancer cells (human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line) with low side effects for the non-target cells (human Burkitt’s lymphoma cell line). This controllable aptamer-based DNA dendrimer is a promising candidate for biomedical applications.
Natural Magnetite: an efficient catalyst for the degradation of organic contaminant
Authors: HE Hongping , ZHONG Yuanhong , LIANG Xiaoliang , TAN Wei , ZHU Jianxi , Yan WANG Christina 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIron (hydr)oxides are ubiquitous earth materials that have high adsorption capacities for toxic elements and degradation ability towards organic contaminants. Many studies have investigated the reactivity of synthetic magnetite, while little is known about natural magnetite. Here, we first report the reactivity of natural magnetites with a variety of elemental impurities for catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2 to produce hydroxyl free radicals (•OH) and the consequent degradation of p-nitrophenol (p-NP). We observed that these natural magnetites show higher catalytic performance than that of the synthetic pure magnetite. The catalytic ability of natural magnetite with high phase purity depends on the surface site density while that for the magnetites with exsolutions relies on the mineralogical nature of the exsolved phases. The pleonaste exsolution can promote the generation of •OH and the consequent degradation of p-NP; the ilmenite exsolution has little effect on the decomposition of H2O2, but can increase the adsorption of p-NP on magnetite. Our results imply that natural magnetite is an efficient catalyst for the degradation of organic contaminants in nature.