bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XIII.—The Genera Dictyoconoides Nuttall, Lockhartia nov., and Rotalia Lamarck: Their Type Species, Generic Differences, and Fundamental Distinction from the Dictyoconus Group of Forms
Authors: Davies L. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe author recalls the facts regarding the rediscovery, in recent years, of Carter's genus Conulites ( = Dictyoconoides Nuttall). He shows how, of seven species which have been referred to this genus, three always have numerous intercalary whorls in their spires, and four never have any such whorls. The association of these two groups together within a single genus has, so far as he himself is concerned, been due to the uncertainty hitherto existing regarding the type species cooki, whose spire was stated by Carter sometimes to show an intercalary whorl, but generally to be “single throughout.” Carter's original specimens, which had long been mislaid, have recently been found, however, and they all prove to belong to now familiar types, which invariably contain numerous intercalary whorls in their spires. The author therefore separates the four species which do not possess such whorls into a new genus, Lockhartia.The author next discusses the supposed identity of Dictyoconoides with Rotalia, and shows that the Rotalia must be judged by their type species R. trochidiformis. He shows that this species, among other characteristic features, invariably displays the structures called “astral lobes” by Carpenter and Brady, and is distinguished by the same from both Dictyoconoides and Lockhartia; while it is further distinguished from Dictyoconoides by the absence of intercalary whorls in its spire.The author then compares the development of Rotalid forms, like the above, with that of piano-spiral ones like Nummulites and Assilines; and he finally shows the fundamental difference in structure between all these spirally wound types and those with an “end-on” development, like the Dictyoconus group of forms, with which some of them have been confused in the past.
XIX.—Notes on the Kidston Collection of Fossil Plant Slides. No. I. The Anatomy of the Axis of Lepidodendron Brownii Unger sp., with special reference to the Relationship between this Stem and Lepidostrobus Brownii Unger sp.
Authors: Calder Mary G. 
Published: January 2013

The Kidston Collection of fossil plant slides in the Botany Department of the University of Glasgow contains a number of sections of a very notable stem labelled “Lepidodendron textum, Kidston, n.sp.” No mention is made of this species in any of Dr Kidston's publications, but the correspondence relevant to the Collection indicates the history of the slides. This may be briefly summarised.As early as 1883, Dr Kidston had received from Mr J. Coutts two sections (Nos. 51 and 52) of this stem, which had been collected by the latter at East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, Scotland, from the Carboniferous Limestone Series of the Calderwood Beds (Hosie Limestone) in the Lower Limestone Group. Dr Kidston postponed description of this stem till he had better sections at his disposal; the specimen, however, was lost, and it was not till many years later that he rediscovered it in Dr John Young's collection in the Glasgow Municipal Museum, and had more sections cut from it (Nos. 1144–1153). No manuscript notes of Dr Kidston's descriptive of these slides have been found, with the exception of a pencilled reference in his manuscript slide catalogue, opposite Nos. 51 and 52, to the “foliar bundles—there is an appearance as if there was a development of secondary xylem, whereas the axial bundle has no secondary wood.”
XXIV.—The Late-Glacial Readvance Moraines of the Highland Border West of the River Tay
Authors: Simpson J. B. 
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this communication is to describe, and to discuss the significance of, (1) the extensive morainic deposits and the associated glacial phenomena of the tract of country situated immediately west of the Ochil Hills (border of Perthshire and Fifeshire)—between the River Teith near Doune, north of Stirling, and the River Tay in the vicinity of Perth; and (2) a well-marked later glaciation studied in the region of Loch Lomond and the Upper Forth valley.In both instances these glaciations involved readvances of the ice during the retreat of the last general ice-sheet, and for brevity and convenience of description they will be referred to as the Perth Readvance and the Loch Lomond Readvance.
XXIV.—The Geological Relations and Some Fossils of South Georgia.
Authors: Gregory J. W. 
Published: January 2013

The special interest of South Georgia depends on its evidence regarding the geology of the part of the Southern Ocean which lies south of the South Atlantic. According to Professor Suess, the island is an extension of the Andes, which, at the southern end of South America, turn eastward, and by a great horse-shoe-shaped curve pass through South Georgia to the South Orkneys and Graham Land.The geology of South Georgia is but little known. Thürach † described the island as consisting of metamorphic rocks, ranging from granular gneiss to clay-slate, and of diabase tuff.
XVI.—The Schizopoda, Stomatopoda, and non-Antarctic Isopoda of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition
Authors: Tattersall Walter M. 
Published: January 2013

The present report deals with the whole of the Schizopoda and Stomatopoda in theScotiacollections, and with those Isopoda which were taken in localities outside the limits of Antarctica. I am indebted to the courtesy of Dr W. S. Bruce for the opportunity of examining and reporting on these collections. The report on the Antarctic Isopoda is being prepared by Mr T. V. Hodgson.I also include a few notes on a small collection of Schizopoda which were taken by theDiscoveryon its outward journey to the South Pole, for the opportunity of examining which I am indebted to the kindness of Dr W. T. Calman, of the British Museum. These latter records are most appropriately included here along with those of the species which theScotiacaptured on her outward journey, over very nearly the same ground.
III.—Polychæta of the family Nereidæ, collected by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902–1904).
Authors: Ramsay L. N. G. 
Published: January 2013

The collection of Nereidæ brought home by the Scotia proves to be of considerable interest. As other expeditions have indicated, the family is but poorly represented in the antarctic or sub-antarctic regions; and although a large number of specimens were collected at the South Orkney Islands, these have all proved to belong to one species, N. kerguelensis M'Int. No nereids were obtained at any of the deep-water stations farther south—the family being decidedly littoral in its range.The chief interest, however, lies in the material collected so assiduously throughout the vessel's wanderings. Six other species were obtained, including one from the Falkland Islands, hitherto undescribed.
V.—On Neuropteris plicata, Sternberg, and Neuropteris rectinervis, Kidston, n. sp.
Authors: Kidston Robert 
Published: January 2013

Neuropteris plicata was described by Sternberg in 1826, from a specimen from Mireschau, Bohemia, but the species seems to be very rare and imperfectly known. As other ferns have been identified as N. plicata in error, I give a figure of what I believe to be Sternberg's plant, an identification with which my friend M. Zeiller entirely agrees.I also figure and describe a new species of Neuropteris, which is identical with that identified as N. plicata by Roehl, but from which species it is essentially distinct.
XVI.—On the Anatomy, Histology, and Affinities of Phreoryctes
Authors: Beddard Frank E. 
Published: January 2013

Some time since I received from Mr W. Smith of Ashburton, New Zealand, a single example of a worm belonging to the little known genusPhreoryctes, and published in theAnnals and Magazine of Natural Historyfor June 1888, a short account of the reproductive organs of this worm, for which I proposed the name ofPhreoryctes Smithii.More recently (November 1888) I have received, through the kindness of the same gentleman, a large number of specimens of the same species; the study of these enables me to offer to this Society a more complete account of the structure ofPhreoryctes, which is at present very imperfectly known. It will be seen, however, that the present paper, though more extended, and dealing with organs to which little or no reference was made in my former paper, contains no important correction of facts stated in that paper. I have also appended (p. 638) a discussion of the systematic position and affinities ofPhreoryctes.
XIV.—Chironomid Larvæ of the Millport Shore Pools
Authors: Stuart T. A. 
Published: January 2013

Chironomid larvæ for a long time have been known to inhabit the brackish pools around the coast, but there are few published records of their life-histories and habits, and in many cases they cannot be correlated with their imagines. This applies equally to the fresh-water types.The greater part of the systematic work on the Chironomidæ deals with the imagines, and much confusion exists regarding the nomenclature of species, which most authorities admit cannot be rectified until the early stages have been recorded.The first description of a marine Chironomid larva was given by Johnston (1830), who described it erroneously as a worm under the name ofCampontia erusciformis. Miall and Hammond (1900) give a good account of the life-history and habits ofChironomus dorsalisMg., and several authors, notably Lenz (1921), Goetghebuer (1927–8–32), Thienemann (1938), and Malloch (1915), have reared some imagines from the larvae, but a very great amount of work has still to be done. Lenz (1921) has attempted to bring some order into the early stages and gives a systematic key to the genera for larvæ and pupæ, but no systematic key exists at present for the distinguishing of species.
VII.—Cytological and Genetical Studies in the Genus Solanum. II. Wild and Native Cultivated “Diploid” Potatoes
Authors: Choudhuri H. C. 
Published: January 2013

Artificial interspecific hybrids in “diploid” species of potatoes have been recorded by Bukasov (1938), Emme (1936), Reddick (1939), and others. These authors paid little, if any, attention to the number and behaviour of the chromosomes in their plants, but rather concentrated on interspecific compatibilities, inheritance of flower colour, and resistance to disease or the genetical sequellæ to exposure to low temperature, all with regard to the possible utilisation of the plants in commerce.The present cytological investigations are primarily concerned with the cytology of two interspecific “diploid” potato hybrids with a view to determining the homology of the chromosomes of the parents and its bearing on sterility.
IX.—Scottish National Antarctic Expedition: Observations on the Anatomy of the Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes Weddelli). Part II.
Authors: Hepburn David 
Published: January 2013

In my former contribution I gave a general summary of the animal under consideration, and discussed in detail the peritoneal arrangements of its abdominal cavity and the naked-eye anatomy of its alimentary organs. In the present paper I shall give an account of the genito-urinary system.The kidneys were situated on each side of the dorsal mesial mesentery. Each was covered on its ventral aspect by the peritoneum forming the dorsal wall of the greater peritoneal sac. The right kidney was quite free from contact with the liver and the duodenum, while the left kidney was equally free from contact with the spleen. Both kidneys were therefore situated well back towards the pelvic end of the abdominal cavity. Each kidney measured 5 inches in the longitudinal diameter and 2 inches in the transverse diameter. The hinder or caudal end of each reached a point two inches from the pelvic inlet, which, as formerly described, was narrow and well defined by the course of the hypogastric (umbilical) arteries.
XXIX.—Petrography of Igneous Rocks from the Vatnajökull Region, Iceland, collected by Mr F. W. Anderson
Authors: Tyrrell G. W. 
Published: January 2013

In the following paper ninety-eight rocks collected by Mr F. W. Anderson from the Tertiary lavas and intrusions on the south-eastern margin of the Vatnajökull, and from the Pleistocene and Recent lavas, tuffs and sediments of Kverkfjöll Eystri on the northern margin of the ice-sheet, are described. Interest in the geology of the Vatnajökull region has been revived by several recent expeditions.The existence of active volcanoes under the Vatnajökull, and the eruptions that occasionally break through the ice-sheet, offer unexampled opportunities for the investigation of the peculiar igneous and sedimentary products which are the results of the contest between ice and volcanism, and for the solution of the “Palagonite Problem”, with which several authors have recently dealt.
II. Observations on Granite
Authors: Hutton James 
Published: January 2013

Since reading the paper upon the theory of the earth, I have been employed in examining many parts of this country, in order to enquire into the natural history of granite. In this undertaking, I have succeeded beyond my most flattering expectations; and I am now to communicate to this Society the result of my observations.In the paper just referred to, it was maintained, from many different arguments, that all the solid strata of the earth had been consolidated by means of subterraneous heat, softening the hard materials of those bodies; and that in many places, those consolidated strata had been broken and invaded by huge masses of fluid matter similar to lava, but, for the most part, perfectly distinguishable from it. Granite also was considered there as a body which had been certainly consolidated by heat; and which had, at least in some parts, been in the state of perfect fusion, and certain specimens were produced, from which I drew an argument in support of this conclusion.
XIV. Experiments and Observations upon the Contraction of Water by Heat at Low Temperatures
Authors: Hope Thomas Charles 
Published: January 2013

To the general law, that bodies are expanded by heat, and contracted by cold, water at the point of congelation, and for some degrees of temperature above it, seems to afford a very singular and curious exception.The circumstances of this remarkable anomaly have been for some time believed to be the following:When heat is applied to water ice cold, or at a temperature not far distant, it causes a diminution in the bulk of the fluid. The water contracts, and continues to contract, with the augmentation of temperature, till it reaches the 40th or 41st degree. Between this point and the 42d or 43d, it suffers scarcely any perceptible change; but when heated beyond the last-mentioned degree, it begins to expand, and increases in volume with every subsequent rise of temperature.
VI.—Account of a New Species of British Bream, and of an Undescribed Species of Skate: To which is added a List of the Fishes of the Frith of Forth, and its Tributary Streams, with Observations
Authors: Parnell Richard 
Published: January 2013

In the beginning of July last, I obtained, from the Frith of Forth, a species of bream, which has not been mentioned by naturalists as inhabiting the British seas. A few days after, I procured, from the same quarter, a second specimen of the same species, each exhibiting a conspicuous dark violet-coloured spot at the base of the upper part of the pectoral fins. (See Plate VI.)On consulting the continental works on Ichthyology, I find this bream to agree best with the description Baron Cuvier has given of the Pagellus acarne, an inhabitant of the Mediterranean; but, as no figure of the fish accompanies his description, the discrimination of the species is rendered somewhat uncertain.
XVIII.—On the Colour of Steam under certain circumstances
Authors: Forbes James D. 
Published: January 2013

In the end of May, or beginning of June last, I happened to stand near a locomotive engine on the Greenwich Railway, which was discharging a vast quantity of high-pressure steam by its safety-valve. I chanced to look at the sun through the ascending column of vapour, and was struck by seeing it of a very deep orange-red colour, exactly similar to that of dense smoke, or the colour imparted to the sun when viewed through a common smoked glass.I did not pay much attention to the fact at the moment, nor attempt to vary the experiment; but, reflecting on it afterwards, it seemed to me not only as in itself very singular, but as still more extraordinary, because I had never heard of a property of steam which must have been witnessed by thousands of persons. Some months after (in the end of October), being on the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, I resolved to verify the fact, which I had no difficulty in doing, and I farther discovered a very important modification of it. For some feet or yards from the safety-valve at which the steam blows off, its colour for transmitted light is the deep orange-red I have described.
III. On a New Combustible Gas
Authors: Thomson Thomas 
Published: January 2013

It has been generally known for several years, that, when the acetic acid formed by the distillation of wood is rectified, there is obtained a transparent spirituous liquor, analogous in many respects to alcohol, though very different in others. This liquid has received the name of pyroxylic spirit. It is manufactured by Messrs Turnbull and Ramsay of Glasgow. I have been in the habit for several years of employing it for combustion in lamps instead of alcohol. It is a good deal cheaper, and raises just as good a heat as alcohol; for I can make the small platinum crucible, which I use for drying the products of analysis, red-hot by means of a pyroxylic spirit lamp in a few minutes.Pyroxylic spirit is as limpid and colourless as alcohol. Its specific gravity, when well rectified, is 0.812. It has an agreeable smell, not, however, quite free from that of naphtha. Its taste is very disagreeable, owing, I believe, to a small portion of naphtha, or empyreumatic oil, which it holds in solution, and from which we cannot free it by any known process. A set of experiments on pyroxylic spirit by Messrs Macaire and Marcet was published in the Bibliotheque Universelle for October 1823. These gentlemen have described several of its properties, and subjected it to an analysis, from which it appears that, like alcohol, it is composed of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen, though the atomic proportions are different.
XXV.—Experiments on the Ordinary Refraction of Iceland Spar
Authors: Swan William 
Published: January 2013

According to the theory devised by Huygens, to explain the phenomenon of double refraction in Iceland spar, a pencil of light transmitted through that substance is divided into two pencils; the index of refraction for the one being constant, while for the other it varies with the inclination of the transmitted light to the optical axis of the crystal.Dr Wollaston, in 1802, verified the spheroidal form of the wave of light, which Huygens had assumed to account for the refraction of the extraordinary pencil, by a careful experimental investigation, conducted by means of his elegant instrument for “examining refractive and dispersive powers by prismatic reflection.” In 1810, Malus, in his Théorie de la Double Réfraction, also demonstrated experimentally the accuracy of the Huygenian law for the extraordinary pencil. I have not had an opportunity of consulting the memoir of Malus, so as to know the precise nature of his experiments, with reference to the refraction of the ordinary ray; but the object of Dr Wollaston's researches was simply to prove the law of extraordinary refraction, and the constancy of the index of refraction for the ordinary ray, is therefore tacitly assumed by him.
Mean Daily Temperatures at the Ben Nevis and Fort-William Observatories
Authors: Omond R. T. 
Published: January 2013

Tables have been prepared of the average temperature at the Ben Nevis and Fort-William Observatories on each day of the year, using the records of the twenty years 1884 to 1903 inclusive. Table I. gives the average daily temperature at Ben Nevis, Table II. that at Fort-William, and Table III. the differences between them. These tables have been prepared as follows :—Ben Nevis Observatory.—In summer the dry- and wet-bulb thermometers were exposed in an ordinary Stevenson screen 4 feet above ground, and in winter in a smaller-sized double-louvred screen, placed on a ladder-like stand, and moved up or down so as to be always about 4 feet above the surface of the snow. These thermometers were read hourly, and the average of the dry-bulb readings for the 24 hours of each day is taken as the temperature of that day. Table I. is the arithmetical mean of the values so computed on each day of the year.
XI.—Regional Gravity Anomalies in the Western Midland Valley of Scotland
Authors: McLean Adam C. , Qureshi Iftikhar R. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisIn the western Midland Valley of Scotland and the neighbouring areas of the south-western Grampians and Southern Uplands, the regional Bouguer anomalies may be resolved into (i) a westerly-rising component similar to that prevailing throughout western Scotland, and (ii) a broad high over the central zone of the graben with marked decreases towards the bordering mountains.When allowance is made for the contribution to the gravity anomalies of the light Upper Palæozoic rocks within the graben, the adjusted values outline an accentuated high over the graben with a drop of 25–30 mgal from the maximum to the northern limit of the area and with a corresponding drop to the south. In a profile normal to the major geological structure, the shape of the high approximates to a parabola with its apex 5 miles north-west of the Inchgotrick Fault.These regional changes may best be explained by a thickening of the Upper Crustal Layer under the Grampians and Southern Uplands, most probably by the addition of thick Lower Palæozoic and Dalradian geosynclinal deposits. Thicknesses of the order of 17,000 ft., additional to those under the Midland Valley, are required to account for the gravity changes. The relative attenuation of the succession in the Midland Valley area, implies that the area of the graben was already a crustal entity in pre-Upper Palæozoic times.The anomalies accord qualitatively with isostatic compensation of topography. The predominant high positive background values, have, however, no significance peculiar to the graben area.