bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrimido[5,4‐e]tetrazolo[5,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazines as a New Heterocyclic System.
Authors: Eshghi Hossein , Rahimizadeh Mohammad , Saberi Sattar , Abnous Khalil , Bakavoli Mehdi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA facile multistep sequence for the synthesis of the novel title compounds (VI) (6 examples) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Preyssler Catalyst‐Promoted Rapid, Clean, and Efficient Condensation Reactions for 3H‐1,5‐Benzodiazepine Synthesis in Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Pasquale Gustavo , Ruiz Diego M. , Jios Jorge L. , Autino Juan C. , Romanelli Gustavo P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA simple, convenient, and environmentally benign synthesis of 1,5‐benzodiazepines is developed by condensing different o‐phenylenediamines and 1,3‐aryl‐1,3‐propanodiones.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalysis for the Acid‐Free O‐Arylidenation of Carbohydrates.
Authors: Geng Yiqun , Faidallah Hassan M. , Albar Hassan A. , Mhkalid Ibrahim A. , Schmidt Richard R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMethyl glycopyranoside derivatives react with arylaldehyde dimethyl acetals such as (II) in the presence of a squaramide type catalyst to afford 4,6‐O‐arylidene carbohydrates in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐pot Solvothermal Synthesis and Properties of 1D NiSe and NiSe—Ni3S2 Alloyed Compound Nanorod Arrays.
Authors: Yu Xia , Sun Wendong , Chu Ying 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNiSe nanorod arrays on a Ni substrate are prepared from Se powder and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide dissolved in N2H4·H2 in an autoclave containing a Ni foil (140 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkoxyamines: A New Family of Pro‐Drugs Against Cancer. Concept for Theranostics
Authors: Audran Gerard , Bremond Paul , Franconi Jean‐Michel , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Massot Philippe , Mellet Philippe , Parzy Elodie , Thiaudiere Eric 
Published: March 2014

AbstractReview: 31 refs.
An overview of insider attacks in cloud computing
Authors: Duncan Adrian , Creese Sadie , Goldsmith Michael 
Published: March 2014

SummaryCloud computing offers the potential for significant cost reductions and increased agility for users. However, security concerns continue to be raised as a potential barrier to uptake for private, community and public clouds. A report from the European Network and Information Security Agency on the Priorities for Research on Current and Emerging Network Technologies highlighted trusted cloud models as one of its top priorities for further research. More recently—September 2012—Carnegie Mellon University's computer emergency response team have released a paper describing insider threats to cloud computing as a direction for new research. Further, a project completed at the University of Warwick in 2010 investigated security aspects of cloud computing and in particular the potential for cascade effects. This research involved a detailed modelling of the threat and vulnerability landscape, including the incentives and motivations that might drive attackers. One of the conclusions is that insider threats potentially pose the most significant source of risk. This paper presents the progress made on furthering this research by investigating what attacks are available to insiders together with the damage and implications of such attacks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Woody encroachment reduces nutrient limitation and promotes soil carbon sequestration
Authors: Blaser Wilma J. , Shanungu Griffin K. , Edwards Peter J. , Olde Venterink Harry 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDuring the past century, the biomass of woody species has increased in many grassland and savanna ecosystems. As many of these species fix nitrogen symbiotically, they may alter not only soil nitrogen (N) conditions but also those of phosphorus (P). We studied the N‐fixing shrub Dichrostachys cinerea in a mesic savanna in Zambia, quantifying its effects upon pools of soil N, P, and carbon (C), and availabilities of N and P. We also evaluated whether these effects induced feedbacks upon the growth of understory vegetation and encroaching shrubs. Dichrostachys cinerea shrubs increased total N and P pools, as well as resin‐adsorbed N and soil extractable P in the top 10‐cm soil. Shrubs and understory grasses differed in their foliar N and P concentrations along gradients of increasing encroachment, suggesting that they obtained these nutrients in different ways. Thus, grasses probably obtained them mainly from the surface upper soil layers, whereas the shrubs may acquire N through symbiotic fixation and probably obtain some of their P from deeper soil layers. The storage of soil C increased significantly under D. cinerea and was apparently not limited by shortages of either N or P. We conclude that the shrub D. cinerea does not create a negative feedback loop by inducing P‐limiting conditions, probably because it can obtain P from deeper soil layers. Furthermore, C sequestration is not limited by a shortage of N, so that mesic savanna encroached by this species could represent a C sink for several decades.
Lanthanide Complexes with Tetradentate N,N′,O,O′‐Dipyridyl‐Based Ligands: Structure, Stability, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Borisova Nataliya E. , Kostin Andrey A. , Eroshkina Elizaveta A. , Reshetova Marina D. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Spodine Evgenia N. , Puntus Lada N. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA series of lanthanide(III) complexes (Ln = La to Lu) with 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐6,6′‐dicarboxamide ligands were obtained. The X‐ray structure of the di(N‐ethylanilide) of 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐6,6′‐dicarboxylic acid is reported. The structures of the amides in the gas phase were modeled by DFT calculations. The global minima of the structures on the potential energy surface (PES) strongly depend on the nature of the substituents on the amidic nitrogen atom. The UV/Vis titration results of three diamides of 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐6,6′‐dicarboxylic acid with lanthanide(III) metal nitrates show the composition of the complexes formed and allow us to determine the binding constants. Compounds with a 1:1 metal‐to‐ligand ratio are formed with the three diamide ligands under study. The binding constants are high, log β1 being higher than 5.5. The values of the constants decrease from LaIII to LuIII. The first structures, obtained by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, for GdIII and TbIII complexes of 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐6,6′‐dicarboxamide ligands are described. Decacoordinated metal ions are bonded by the tetradentate ligand and three bidentate nitrate groups. 2D ROESY experiments with LaIII, LuIII, and EuIII complexes allow us to conclude that the structures of the complexes in solution are the same as those in the solid state. The photophysical properties of these Ln complexes were determined in the solid state at 77 and 300 K. Intense red and green luminescence was observed for both Eu and Tb complexes, and an intrinsic quantum yield of 90 % was determined for the europium complex.
Response of fish tissue mercury in a freshwater lake to local, regional, and global changes in mercury emissions
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Krish , Levin Leonard , Parker Lynsey , Yarwood Greg , Streets David 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

A suite of mechanistic atmospheric and mercury (Hg) cycling and bioaccumulation models is applied to simulate atmospheric Hg deposition and Hg concentrations in the water column and in fish in a Hg-impaired freshwater lake located in the northeastern United States that receives its Hg loading primarily through deposition. Two future-year scenarios evaluate the long-term response of fish tissue Hg concentrations to reductions in local and nationwide coal-fired electric-generating utility and other Hg emissions and an increase or decrease in global (non-US) Hg emissions. Results indicate that fish tissue Hg concentrations in this ecosystem could require approximately 3 yr to 8 yr to begin to respond to declines in US emissions and deposition with a fish Hg reduction proportional to deposition reduction requiring over 50 yr. Furthermore, recovery could potentially be partially or completely offset by growth in non-US Hg emissions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1238–1247. © 2014 SETAC
An extended mixture model for the simultaneous treatment of small‐scale and large‐scale interfaces
Authors: Damián Santiago Márquez , Nigro Norberto M. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe aim of this work is to present a new model based on the volume of fluid method and the algebraic slip mixture model in order to solve multiphase gas–fluid flows with different interface scales and the transition among them. The interface scale is characterized by a measure of the grid, which acts as a geometrical filter and is related with the accuracy in the solution; in this sense, the presented coupled model allows to reduce the grid requirements for a given accuracy. With this objective in mind, a generalization of the algebraic slip mixture model is proposed to solve problems involving small‐scale and large‐scale interfaces in an unified framework taking special care in preserving the conservativeness of the fluxes. This model is implemented using the OpenFOAM® libraries to generate a tool capable of solving large problems on high‐performance computing facilities. Several examples are solved as a validation for the presented model, including new quantitative measurements to assess the advantages of the method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting the Term Structure of Interest Rates Using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations
Authors: Laurini MÁrcio Poletti , Hotta Luiz Koodi 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the use of Bayesian methods for inference and forecasting in dynamic term structure models through integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA). This method of analytical approximation allows accurate inferences for latent factors, parameters and forecasts in dynamic models with reduced computational cost. In the estimation of dynamic term structure models it also avoids some simplifications in the inference procedures, such as the inefficient two‐step ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation. The results obtained in the estimation of the dynamic Nelson–Siegel model indicate that this method performs more accurate out‐of‐sample forecasts compared to the methods of two‐stage estimation by OLS and also Bayesian estimation methods using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). These analytical approaches also allow efficient calculation of measures of model selection such as generalized cross‐validation and marginal likelihood, which may be computationally prohibitive in MCMC estimations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Efficient Green Synthesis of a New Class of α‐Aminophosphonates under Microwave Irradiation Conditions in the Presence of PS/PTSA
Authors: Gangireddy Chandra Sekhar Reddy , Chinthaparthi Radha Rani , Mudumala Veeranarayana Reddy , Mamilla Madhav , Arigala Uma Ravi Sankar 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe present work focuses on the study of catalytic activity of polystyrene‐supported p‐toluenesulfonic acid (PS/PTSA) and the synthesis of α‐aminophosphonates from the Kabachnik–Fields (KF) reaction under microwave irradiation in solvent‐free conditions. Recently, the catalytic activity of PS/PTSA was tested with good yields. This procedure is the simplest, most straightforward, environment friendly method for the synthesis of α‐aminophosphonates from simple to different substituted aldehyde substrates. Furthermore, this catalyst can be recovered and reused without loss of its catalytic activity.
Changes in water table level influence solute transport in uniform porous media
Authors: Rühle Franziska Anna , Zentner Nadine , Stumpp Christine 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChanges in the water table level result in variable water saturation and variable hydrological fluxes at the interface between the unsaturated and saturated zone. This may influence the transport and fate of contaminants in the subsurface. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a decreasing and an increasing water table on solute transport. We conducted tracer experiments at downward flow conditions in laboratory columns filled with two different uniform porous media under static and transient flow conditions either increasing or decreasing the water table. Tracer breakthrough curves were simulated using a mobile–immobile transport model. The resulting transport parameters were compared to identify dominant transport processes. Changes in the water table level affected dispersivities and mobile water fractions depending on the direction of water table movement and the grain size of the porous media. In fine glass beads, the water flow velocity was similar to the decline rate of the water table, and the mobile water fraction was decreased compared with steady‐state saturated conditions. However, immobile water was negligible. In coarse glass beads, water flow was faster because of fingered flow in the unsaturated part, and the mobile water fraction was smaller than in the fine material. Here, a rising water table led to an even smaller mobile water fraction and increased solute spreading because of diffusive interaction with immobile water. We conclude that changes of the water table need to be considered to correctly simulate transport in the subsurface at the transition of the unsaturated–saturated zone. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The measurement and modelling of stemflow in an alpine Myricaria squamosa community
Authors: Zhang Si‐Yi , Li Xiao‐Yan , Li Liu , Huang Yong‐Mei , Zhao Guo‐Qin , Chen Hui‐Ying 
Published: March 2014

AbstractStemflow is an important hydrological process of rainfall partitioning, but it has rarely been studied in the alpine riparian shrub Myricaria squamosa in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. This study aimed to measure and model the stemflow of the unstudied M. squamosa and to identify the key controlling factors of stemflow yield. Correlations and stepwise regression analysis between stemflow and five meteorological and ten biological factors indicated that the rainfall amount and the aboveground biomass were the best variables for modelling and predicting stemflow. We used the best model to estimate annual and stand stemflow, as well as rainfall threshold for stemflow generation. Annual stemflow accounted for 2.3 to 10.2% of the annual rainfall amount, varying with different vegetation coverage and leaf area index. The annual stemflow percentage increased linearly with the annual total rainfall amount of events > 7.3 mm. For M. squamosa stands, branches with diameters of 10 to 25 mm were less frequent but contributed much more stemflow than branches with diameters smaller than 10 mm. The stemflow percentage increased sharply with increasing rainfall amounts when the rainfall amounts were less than 4, 8 or 13 mm for the M. squamosa stands with coverage of 32.6, 47.6 or 56.1%, respectively, but increased gently when the rainfall amounts were greater than these values. The rainfall threshold for stemflow generation decreased as the branch aboveground biomass increased, and the estimated median value of the rainfall threshold was 0.8 mm for M. squamosa stands, with a range of 3.0 to 0.4 mm for branches weighing 10 to 300 g, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE HISTORIC KURIT DAM: AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE OF WATER WISDOM
Authors: Emami Kamran 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe historic Kurit Dam near Tabas, Iran, has regulated the Kurit River for irrigation for 600 years and can be considered a symbol of sustainability. The arch‐gravity dam is especially remarkable for its extraordinary height of 60 m. This was to remain a world record for any type of dam from 1350 until the early twentieth century. The former president of ICOLD referred to the Kurit Dam as one of the most astounding achievements in dam engineering in the Middle Ages. Despite the fact that the dam was built 650 years ago, it still serves as an illustrative example of creativity, harmony with floods, sustainable development and coping with uncertainties.Unfortunately overlooking the valuable water wisdom of past generations, a modern dam was constructed just upstream of the historic dam. When, 6 years after impoundment, the new dam remained virtually empty due to error in estimating the river inflow, the canniness of the builders of the old dam became evident.This paper seeks to reveal the engineering genius of Iranian history to provide an example of the intergenerational and multicultural collaboration demanded by the global climate challenges of today. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell‐penetrating peptides: A tool for effective delivery in gene‐targeted therapies
Authors: de Figueiredo Inês Rego , Freire João Miguel , Flores Luís , Veiga Ana Salomé , Castanho Miguel A.R.B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe current landscapes of novel therapeutic approaches rely mostly on gene‐targeted technologies, enabling to fight rare genomic diseases, from infections to cancer and hereditary diseases. Although, reaching the action‐site for this novel treatments requires to deliver nucleic acids, or other macromolecules into cells, which may pose difficult tasks to pharmaceutical companies. To overcome this technological limitation, a wide variety of vectors have been developed in the past decades and have proven to be successful in delivering various therapeutics. Cell‐penetrating peptides (CPP) have been one of the technologies widely studied and have been increasingly used to transport small RNA/DNA, plasmids, antibodies, and nanoparticles into cells. Despite the already proved huge potential that these peptide‐based approaches may suggest, few advances have been put to pharmacological or clinical use. This review will describe the origin, development, and usage of CPP to deliver therapeutic agents into cells, with special emphasis on their current application to gene‐therapies. Specifically, we will describe the current trials being conducted to treat cancer, gene disorders, and autoimmune diseases using CPP‐based therapies. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(3):182–194, 2014
Simultaneous comparison of thrombogenic reactions to different combinations of anticoagulants, activated clotting times, and materials
Authors: Nagai Mirei , Iwasaki Kiyotaka , Umezu Mitsuo , Ozaki Makoto 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThrombogenic reactions under multiple interactions of pharmacological agents, doses, and materials have not been well understood yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability to simultaneously compare thrombogenic reactions to different combinations of anticoagulants, doses, and blood‐contacting materials, in a single human blood using an in vitro test method. Four venous blood samples were drawn from each of six healthy volunteers into syringes that contained two different amounts of heparin and argatroban to set the activated clotting time (ACT) to approximately 200 or 500 s, respectively. The four blood samples from each volunteer were immediately poured into two clinical‐grade extracorporeal circulation tubes: a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube and a poly(2‐methoxyethyl acrylate)‐coated (PMEA) PVC tube. These tubes with an inner diameter of 12.7 mm were rotated at 183 rpm in a 37°C chamber for 10 min. The results indicated that the in vitro thrombogenicity test method was capable of assessing differences in platelet factor 4 and β‐thromboglobulin increases among different combinations of the two materials, two anticoagulants, and two ACTs. Higher amounts of total plasma proteins were absorbed on PVC tubes than on PMEA‐coated tubes when using the same anticoagulant and dose. These data elucidate that the in vitro thrombogenicity test method is useful for the simultaneous quantitative evaluation of the influences of various combinations of materials, pharmacological agents, and doses on thrombogenicity in a single human blood. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B, 102B: 1605–1612, 2014.
Iberian extreme precipitation 1855/1856: an analysis from early instrumental observations and documentary sources
Authors: Domínguez‐Castro F. , Ramos Alexandre M. , García‐Herrera Ricardo , Trigo Ricardo M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTFlood events is the natural hazard that originated more damages and fatalities in the Iberian Peninsula in the last decades. While most 20th century extreme precipitation and flood episodes in Iberia have been documented, the same does not hold for most events that took place during the 19th century. This article describes the unusually high precipitation and associated impacts recorded during the 1855/1856 hydrological year. We combine newspaper reports, early instrumental precipitation series and sea level pressure (SLP) reconstructed gridded fields. The early instrumental precipitation time series includes 11 observatories that were not previously digitized and preceded the implementation of the official meteorological observation network in Spain. We show that high values of precipitation were mostly recorded during the months of September, October 1855 and January 1856, with most of the flooding and damages occurring in the last month. The use of daily circulation weather types and monthly differences of SLP are particularly useful to explain the heavy precipitation in October and January, which were clearly associated with unusual high frequencies of wet weather types. However, SLP patterns cannot explain the September records, which could be associated to upper cold air intrusions in the Iberian Peninsula.
Consumer acceptance of quality protein maize (QPM) in East Africa
Authors: De Groote Hugo , Gunaratna Nilupa S , Okuro James O , Wondimu Asrat , Chege Christine K , Tomlins Keith 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDUndernutrition in sub‐Saharan Africa remains problematic, and quality protein maize (QPM) can benefit populations whose diets are heavily based on maize and who are consequently at risk for inadequate intakes of quality protein. However, changes in the chemical composition ofQPMmay affect its sensory characteristics and, hence, acceptance. Acceptance tests were therefore conducted to evaluateQPMvarieties in three East African countries using central location tests with one or two varieties in each country, using the most popular preparations:ugali(Tanzania),githeri(Kenya) andinjera(Ethiopia). In total, 281 urban and rural consumers of both sexes and varying levels of education evaluated the products on standard sensory criteria: appearance, aroma, texture, taste and overall, using a Likert scale.RESULTSThe results show that African consumers can differentiateQPMproducts from their conventional counterparts, indicating that theQPMtrait results in distinguishable sensory changes. Analysis by ordinal mixed regression models showed that consumers foundQPMacceptable and even preferable to conventional maize.CONCLUSIONThe sensory characteristics ofQPMare therefore no impediment to its adoption; on the contrary, when coupled with good agronomic performance, they may help its utilization, leading to a positive impact in nutritionally vulnerable populations. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry