bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classical‐Map Hypernetted Chain Calculations for Dense Plasmas
Authors: Bredow R. , Bornath Th. , Kraeft W.‐D. , Dharma‐wardana M.W.C. , Redmer R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWarm dense matter is of interest for modeling the interiors of planets and Brown Dwarfs. Corresponding pump‐probe experiments are performed at free electron laser facilities such as FLASH, LCLS or the future XFEL in Hamburg. X‐ray Thomson scattering is of special interest to extract the plasma parameters. In order to explain or predict the X‐ray Thomson scattering spectra, simulations on the structural properties of plasmas are performed. While ab initio simulations are computationally expensive, semi‐classical approaches can deliver results fast for pair distribution functions and static structure factors, even for dense systems. We solve the Ornstein‐Zernike equation within the hypernetted chain approximation for dense multi‐component plasmas using the classical‐map method. This approach proposes to treat the quantum features of the electrons using an adapted temperature for the electron system while the ions are treated classically. Results for pair distribution functions and static structure factors are presented for dense hydrogen, beryllium, carbon and CH plasmas. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two‐Temperature Pair Potentials and Phonon Spectra for Simple Metals in the Warm Dense Matter Regime
Authors: Harbour L. , Dharma‐wardana M. W. C. , Klug D. D. , Lewis L. J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe develop ion‐ion pair potentials for Al, Na and K for densities and temperatures relevant to the warm‐densematter (WDM) regime. Furthermore, we emphasize non‐equilibrium states where the ion temperature Ti differs from the electron temperature Te. This work focuses mainly on ultra‐fast laser‐metal interactions where the energy of the laser is almost exclusively transferred to the electron sub‐system over femtosecond time scales. This results in a two‐temperature system with Te > Ti and with the ions still at the initial room temperature Ti = Tr. First‐principles calculations, such as density functional theory (DFT) or quantum Monte Carlo, are as yet not fully feasible for WDM conditions due to lack of finite‐T features, e.g. pseudopotentials, and extensive CPU time requirements. Simpler methods are needed to study these highly complex systems. We propose to use two‐temperature pair potentials Uii(r, Ti, Te) constructed from linear‐response theory using the non‐linear electron density n (r) obtained from finite‐T DFT with a single ion immersed in the appropriate electron fluid. We compute equilibrium phonon spectra at Tr which are found to be in very good agreement with experiments. This gives credibility to our non‐equilibrium phonon dispersion relations which are important in determining thermophysical properties, stability, energy‐relaxation mechanisms and transport coefficients. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deciphering the impact of parameters influencing transgene expression kinetics after repeated cell transduction with integration‐deficient retroviral vectors
Authors: Schott Juliane W. , Jaeschke Nico M. , Hoffmann Dirk , Maetzig Tobias , Ballmaier Matthias , Godinho Tamaryin , Cathomen Toni , Schambach Axel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLentiviral and gammaretroviral vectors are state‐of‐the‐art tools for transgene expression within target cells. The integration of these vectors can be deliberately suppressed to derive a transient gene expression system based on extrachromosomal circular episomes with intact coding regions. These episomes can be used to deliver DNA templates and to express RNA or protein. Importantly, transient gene transfer avoids the genotoxic side effects of integrating vectors. Restricting their applicability, episomes are rapidly lost upon dilution in dividing target cells. Addressing this limitation, we could establish comparably stable percentages of transgene‐positive cells over prolonged time periods in proliferating cells by repeated transductions. Flow cytometry was applied for kinetic analyses to decipher the impact of individual parameters on the kinetics of fluoroprotein expression after episomal retransduction and to visualize sequential and simultaneous transfer of heterologous fluoroproteins. Expression windows could be exactly timed by the number of transduction steps. The kinetics of signal loss was affected by the cell proliferation rate. The transfer of genes encoding fluoroproteins with different half‐lives revealed a major impact of protein stability on temporal signal distribution and accumulation, determining optimal retransduction intervals. In addition, sequential transductions proved broad applicability in different cell types and using different envelope pseudotypes without receptor overload. Stable percentages of cells coexpressing multiple transgenes could be generated upon repeated coadministration of different episomal vectors. Alternatively, defined patterns of transgene expression could be recapitulated by sequential transductions. Altogether, we established a methodology to control and adjust a temporally defined window of transgene expression using retroviral episomal vectors. Combined with the highly efficient cell entry of these vectors while avoiding integration, the developed technology is of great significance for a broad panel of applications, including transcription‐factor‐based induced cell fate conversion and controlled transfer of genetically encoded RNA‐ or protein‐based drugs. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A temperature shock can lead to trans‐generational immune priming in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Eggert Hendrik , Diddens‐de Buhr Maike F. , Kurtz Joachim 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTrans‐generational immune priming (TGIP) describes the transfer of immune stimulation to the next generation. As stress and immunity are closely connected, we here address the question whether trans‐generational effects on immunity and resistance can also be elicited by a nonpathogen stress treatment of parents. General stressors have been shown to induce immunity to pathogens within individuals. However, to our knowledge, it is as of yet unknown whether stress can also induce trans‐generational effects on immunity and resistance. We exposed a parental generation (mothers, fathers, or both parents) of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, a species where TGIP has been previously been demonstrated, to either a brief heat or cold shock and examined offspring survival after bacterial infection with the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis. We also studied phenoloxidase activity, a key enzyme of the insect innate immune system that has previously been demonstrated to be up‐regulated upon TGIP. We quantified parental fecundity and offspring developmental time to evaluate whether trans‐generational priming might have costs. Offspring resistance was found to be significantly increased when both parents received a cold shock. Offspring phenoloxidase activity was also higher when mothers or both parents were cold‐shocked. By contrast, parental heat shock reduced offspring phenoloxidase activity. Moreover, parental cold or heat shock delayed offspring development. In sum, we conclude that trans‐generational priming for resistance could not only be elicited by pathogens or pathogen‐derived components, but also by more general cues that are indicative of a stressful environment. The interaction between stress responses and the immune system might play an important role also for trans‐generational effects.
Imidazolium 1,3‐Benzazaphospholide Ion Pairs with Strong C–H···N Hydrogen Bonds – Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivity
Authors: Pi Chengfu , Yu Xiaoling , Zheng Wenjun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe treatment of 2‐phenyl‐1H‐1,3‐benzazaphosphole (H[2‐ph‐bp], 1) with free 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene (IMes, 2) and 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene (SIMes, 3) afforded two imidazolium 1,3‐benzazaphospholides, [1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolium 2‐phenyl‐1,3‐benzazaphospholide [(IMesH)+(2‐ph‐bp)–, 4] and 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazolium 2‐phenyl‐1,3‐benzazaphospholide [(SIMesH)+(2‐ph‐bp)–, 5], which further reacted with carbodiimide to give 2‐(N,N′‐diisopropylcarbamimidoyl)‐1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolium 2‐phenyl‐1,3‐benzazaphospholide (6) and 2‐(N,N′‐diisopropylcarbamimidoyl)‐1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazolium 2‐phenyl‐1,3‐benzazaphospholide (7), respectively. These compounds were characterized by multinuclear (1H, 13C{1H}, and 31P{1H}) NMR and IR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The structures feature ion pair conformation in the solid state with strong charge‐assisted C–H···N or N–H···N interaction.
Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Containing Polysubstituted Aromatic Compounds by Diels–Alder Reaction of Ethyl 3‐Benz­amido‐2‐oxo‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2H‐pyran‐5‐carboxylate
Authors: Kondratov Ivan S. , Tolmachova Nataliya A. , Dolovanyuk Violetta G. , Gerus Igor I. , Daniliuc Constantin‐Gabriel , Haufe Günter 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDiels–Alder reactions of ethyl 3‐benzamido‐2‐oxo‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2H‐pyran‐5‐carboxylate (1a) with electronically different dienophiles, including cyclic enol ethers, cycloalkenes, α,β‐unsaturated ketones, and terminal acetylenes, are useful for the efficient and selective three‐step preparation of trifluoromethyl‐containing aromatic compounds such as 3‐aminobenzoic acid derivatives. We presume that the presence of the trifluoromethyl group is the main factor in determining the regioselectivity of the initial cycloaddition.
Thermal degradation of polyesters filled with magnesium dihydroxide and magnesium oxide
Authors: Viretto Amandine , Sonnier Rodolphe , Taguet Aurélie , Otazaghine Belkacem , Ferry Laurent , Lopez‐Cuesta Jose‐Marie , Lagrève Christian 
Published: February 2015

SummaryMagnesium dihydroxide (MDH) was evaluated as char promoter into different polymers exhibiting various chemical structures. Char promotion was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis‐combustion flow calorimetry. Gases released during pyrolysis were identified using pyrolysis coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis coupled Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Relationships between the MDH effect (according to the char content and its thermal stability) and the chemical structure of the host polymers were identified. It was shown that MDH can be a good char promoter for aromatic polyesters such as polybutylene terephtalate and polyethylene terephtalate. Char promotion can be considered as one of the main mode‐of‐action of MDH at low or moderate filler content. An optimum was observed at approximately 20wt.% of MDH. Magnesium oxide was also studied as substitute to MDH to avoid hydrolysis phenomena due to the water release. But it was demonstrated that MDH was more efficient as a char promoter for polybutylene terephtalate than magnesium oxide. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting Multivariate Time Series with the Theta Method
Authors: Thomakos Dimitrios D. , Nikolopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this study building on earlier work on the properties and performance of the univariate Theta method for a unit root data‐generating process we: (a) derive new theoretical formulations for the application of the method on multivariate time series; (b) investigate the conditions for which the multivariate Theta method is expected to forecast better than the univariate one; (c) evaluate through simulations the bivariate form of the method; and (d) evaluate this latter model in real macroeconomic and financial time series. The study provides sufficient empirical evidence to illustrate the suitability of the method for vector forecasting; furthermore it provides the motivation for further investigation of the multivariate Theta method for higher dimensions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of a Cu‐La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3 ‐CeO2/La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3‐YSZ/Ni‐ScSZ Three‐Layer Structure Anode in Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Running on Methane Fuel
Authors: Huang B. , Gu X.‐Z. , Hu Y.‐X. , Liu Y.‐B. , Zhou W.‐T. , Hou C.‐Y. , Zhu X.‐J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAnodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell that is capable of directly using hydrocarbon without external reforming have been of great interest recently. In this paper, a three‐layer structure anode running on methane is fabricated by tape casting and screen printing method. The slurry of catalyst layer Cu‐LSCM‐CeO2 (with weight ratios of 1.5:7.0:1.5, 2.0:7.0:1.0, 2.15:7.0:0.85 and 2.25:7.0:0.75, weight ratios of Cu/CeO2 is 1:1, 2:1, 2.5:1 and 3:1, respectively) is screen‐printed on LSCM‐YSZ support layer and Ni‐ScSZ active layer. Thus, LSCM‐YSZ/Ni‐ScSZ anodes with Cu‐LSCM‐CeO2 catalyst layer (denoted as LSCM‐YSZ1010, LSCM‐YSZ2010, LSCM‐YSZ2510 and LSCM‐YSZ3010, respectively) are obtained. Single cells with three‐layer structure anode are also fabricated and measured, of which the maximum power density reaches 491 and 670 mW cm−2 for the cell with LSCM‐YSZ2510 anode running on methane at 750 °C and 800 °C, respectively. No significant degradation in performance has been observed after 240h of cell testing when LSCM‐YSZ2510 anode is exposed to methane at 750 °C. Very little carbon deposition is detected on the anode, suggesting that carbon deposition is limited during cell operation. Consequently, Cu‐LSCM‐CeO2 catalyst layer on the surface of LSCM‐YSZ support layer makes it possible to have good stability for long‐term operation in methane due to very little carbon deposition.
Effects of Manganese Oxide Addition on Coking Behavior of Ni/YSZ Anodes for SOFCs
Authors: Chung Y. S. , Kim H. , Yoon H. C. , Chung J. S. , Sammes N. M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells with Ni‐MnO/yttria‐stabilized‐zirconia (YSZ) tricomposite anode supports were fabricated with different MnO concentrations, and the coking tolerances and catalytic activities were investigated in wet CH4 atmosphere. Ni0.9(MnO)0.1/YSZ (10MnO) anode support cell exhibited a maximum power density of 210, 354, 505, and 620 mWcm−2 at 700, 750, 800, and 850 °C, respectively, in H2. Moreover, a maximum power density in wet CH4 reaches 504 mWcm−2 at 800 °C; while the Ni/YSZ cell showed poorer performances. The coking tolerance improved with an increase in their MnO content, and the 10MnO anode showed the highest tolerance. 10MnO exhibited stable performance for more than 40 h in wet CH4 without undergoing deactivation. Furthermore, it showed negligible coke formation of 0.0045 g of coke per catalyst, during testing under steam reforming‐like conditions at a steam‐to‐carbon (S/C) ratio of 1. Outlet gas chromatography analysis indicated that MnO suppresses CH4 cracking, while only minimally lowering the catalytic activity of steam reforming. Thus, it can be inferred that MnO promotes the adsorption of steam and oxygen on the reaction sites, owing to its high basicity and oxygen storage capacity. The increase in the local S/C and oxygen‐to‐carbon ratios suppresses CH4 cracking and promotes coke gasification.
Ludwig von Bertalanffy's organismic view on the theory of evolution
Authors: Drack Manfred 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTLudwig von Bertalanffy was a key figure in the advancement of theoretical biology. His early considerations already led him to recognize the necessity of considering the organism as a system, as an organization of parts and processes. He termed the resulting research program organismic biology, which he extended to all basic questions of biology and almost all areas of biology, hence also to the theory of evolution. This article begins by outlining the rather unknown (because often written in German) research of Bertalanffy in the field of theoretical biology. The basics of the organismic approach are then described. This is followed by Bertalanffy's considerations on the theory of evolution, in which he used methods from theoretical biology and then introduced his own, organismic, view on evolution, leading to the demand for finding laws of evolution. Finally, his view on the concept of homology is presented.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 77–90, 2015. © 2015 The Authors.Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolutionpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Butyrate prevents muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve crush
Authors: Walsh Michael E. , Bhattacharya Arunabh , Liu Yuhong , Van Remmen Holly 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in neurogenic muscle atrophy, but the mechanisms by which HDAC inhibitors might have beneficial effects are not defined. Methods: We used sciatic nerve crush to determine the effect of butyrate on denervation‐induced gene expression and oxidative stress. Results: Butyrate treatment initiated 3 weeks before injury and continued 1 week after injury increases histone acetylation and reduces muscle atrophy after nerve crush. Butyrate delivered only after nerve crush similarly prevented muscle atrophy. Butyrate had no effect on the increase in histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) protein levels following nerve crush but prevented the increase in expression of myogenin, MuRF1, and atrogin‐1. Butyrate did not affect mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, but it increased antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced proteasome activity, and reduced oxidative damage following nerve injury. Conclusions: These data suggest that HDAC inhibitors are promising pharmacological agents for treating neurogenic muscle atrophy. Muscle Nerve 52: 859–868, 2015
Follow‐up nerve conduction studies in CIDP after treatment with IGIV‐C: Comparison of patients with and without subsequent relapse
Authors: Chin Russell L. , Deng chunqin , Bril Vera , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Merkies Ingemar S. J. , Donofrio Peter D. , Van Doorn Pieter A. , Dalakas Marinos C. , Latov Norman 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Electrodiagnostic studies (EDX) are not performed routinely before treatment suspension in CIDP, and no data exist regarding their value in predicting clinical relapse. Methods: Serial EDX (baseline and after IGIV‐C therapy) were analyzed from subjects in the ICE clinical trial who responded to IGIV‐C treatment and were subsequently re‐randomized to placebo in an extension phase. Comparisons were made between subjects who relapsed and those who did not. Results: A total of 55% (6/11) of the Relapse group had an increase in total number of demyelinating findings (DF) versus 8% (1/13) in the No Relapse group (P = 0.023). In the Relapse group, 100% had ≥1 new DF and 73% (8/11) had ≥4 new DF versus 60% (8/13) and 8% (1/13), respectively, in the No Relapse group. Conclusions: An increased total number of DF or the occurrence of ≥4 new DF may indicate a higher risk of clinical relapse after treatment cessation in IGIV‐C‐responsive patients. Muscle Nerve 52: 498–502, 2015
STEM‐CL investigations on the influence of stacking faults on the optical emission of cubic GaN epilayers and cubic GaN/AlN multi‐quantum wells
Authors: Kemper R. M. , Veit P. , Mietze C. , Dempewolf A. , Wecker T. , Bertram F. , Christen J. , Lindner J. K. N. , As D. J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report the influence of {111} stacking faults on the cathodoluminescence (CL) emission characteristics of cubic GaN (c‐GaN) films and cubic GaN/AlN multi‐quantum wells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements indicate that stacking faults (SFs) on the {111} planes are the predominant crystallographic defects in epitaxial films, which were grown on 3C‐SiC/Si (001) substrates by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The correlation of the SFs and the luminescence output is evidenced with a CL setup integrated in a scanning TEM (STEM). By comparing the STEM images and the simultaneously measured CL signals it is demonstrated that SFs in these films lead to a reduced CL emission intensity. Furthermore, the CL emission intensity is shown to increase with increasing film thickness and decreasing SF density. This correlation can be connected to the reduction of the full width at half maximum of X‐ray diffraction rocking curves with increasing film thickness of c‐GaN films. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robust consensus tracking for a class of high‐order multi‐agent systems
Authors: Sun Chao , Hu Guoqiang , Xie Lihua 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we study the robust consensus tracking problem for a class of high‐order multi‐agent systems with unmodelled dynamics and unknown disturbances. A continuous robust state feedback control algorithm is proposed to enable the agents to achieve robust consensus tracking of a desired trajectory. By utilizing Lyapunov analysis methods and an invariance‐like theorem, sufficient conditions for semi‐global asymptotic consensus tracking are established. A robust output feedback control algorithm is designed to obtain a uniformly ultimately bounded consensus tracking result. Numerical simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
R Markdown
Authors: Baumer Benjamin , Udwin Dana 
Published: February 2015

Reproducibility is increasingly important to statistical research, but many details are often omitted from the published version of complex statistical analyses. A reader's comprehension is limited to what the author concludes, without exposure to the computational process. Often, the industrious reader cannot expand upon or validate the author's results. Even the author may struggle to reproduce their own results upon revisiting them. R Markdown is an authoring syntax that combines the ease of Markdown with the statistical programming language R. An R Markdown document or presentation interweaves computation, output and written analysis to the effect of transparency, clarity and an inherent invitation to reproduce (especially as sharing data is now as easy as the click of a button). It is an open‐source tool that can be used either on its own or through the RStudio integrated development environment (IDE). In addition to facilitating reproducible research, R Markdown is a boon to collaboratively minded data analysts, whose workflow can be streamlined by sharing only one master document that contains both code and content. Statistics educators may also find that R Markdown is helpful as a homework template, for both ease‐of‐use and in discouraging students from copy‐and‐pasting results from classmates. Training students in R Markdown will introduce to the workforce a new class of data analysts with an ingrained, foundational inclination toward reproducible research. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:167–177. doi: 10.1002/wics.1348This article is categorized under:

Software for Computational Statistics > Software/Statistical Software