bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing and Duration of Obesity in Relation to Diabetes
Authors: The Natalie S. , Richardson Andrea S. , Gordon-Larsen Penny 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
The influence on diabetes of the timing and duration of obesity across the high-risk period of adolescence to young adulthood has not been investigated in a population-based, ethnically diverse sample.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A cohort of 10,481 individuals aged 12–21 years enrolled in the U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1996) was followed over two visits during young adulthood (18–27 years, 2001–2002; 24–33 years, 2007–2009). Separate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of diabetes (A1C ≥6.5% or diagnosis by a health care provider) in young adulthood with 1) obesity timing (never obese, onset &lt;16 years, onset 16 to &lt;18 years, onset ≥18 years) and 2) obesity duration over time (never obese, incident obesity, fluctuating obesity, and persistent obesity), testing differences by sex and race/ethnicity.

RESULTS
Among 24- to 33-year-old participants, 4.4% had diabetes (approximately half were undiagnosed), with a higher prevalence in blacks and Hispanics than whites. In multivariable analyses, women who became obese before age 16 were more likely to have diabetes than women who became obese at or after age 18 (odds ratio 2.77 [95% CI 1.39–5.52]), even after accounting for current BMI, waist circumference, and age at menarche. Persistent (vs. adult onset) obesity was associated with increased likelihood of diabetes in men (2.27 [1.41–3.64]) and women (2.08 [1.34–3.24]).

CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes risk is particularly high in individuals who were obese as adolescents relative to those with adult-onset obesity, thus highlighting the need for diabetes prevention efforts to address pediatric obesity.
Predictive Effects of Urinary Liver-Type Fatty Acid–Binding Protein for Deteriorating Renal Function and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Without Advanced Nephropathy
Authors: Araki Shin-ichi , Haneda Masakazu , Koya Daisuke , Sugaya Takeshi , Isshiki Keiji , Kume Shinji , Kashiwagi Atsunori , Uzu Takashi , Maegawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
To improve prognosis, it is important to predict the incidence of renal failure and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients before the progression to advanced nephropathy. We investigated the predictive effects of urinary liver-type fatty acid–binding protein (L-FABP), which is associated with renal tubulointerstitial damage, in renal and cardiovascular prognosis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Japanese type 2 diabetic patients (n = 618) with serum creatinine ≤1.0 mg/dL and without overt proteinuria were enrolled between 1996 and 2000 and followed up until 2011. Baseline urinary L-FABP was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The primary end points were renal and cardiovascular composites (hemodialysis, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, and peripheral vascular disease). The secondary renal outcomes were the incidence of a 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), progression to an eGFR &lt;30 mL/min/1.73 m2, and the annual decline rate in eGFR.

RESULTS
During a 12-year median follow-up, 103 primary end points occurred. The incidence rate of the primary end point increased in a stepwise manner with increases in urinary L-FABP. In Cox proportional hazards analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio in patients with the highest tertile of urinary L-FBAP was 1.93 (95% CI 1.13–3.29). This relationship was observed even when analyzed separately in normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria. Patients with the highest tertile of urinary L-FABP also demonstrated a higher incidence of the secondary renal outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that urinary L-FABP may be a predictive marker for renal and cardiovascular prognosis in type 2 diabetic patients without advanced nephropathy.
Insulin Clearance and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Hispanics and African Americans
Authors: Lee C. Christine , Haffner Steven M. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Lorenzo Carlos , Norris Jill M. , Bergman Richard N. , Stefanovski Darko , Anderson Andrea M. , Rotter Jerome I. , Goodarzi Mark O. , Hanley Anthony J. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to identify factors that are independently associated with the metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) and to examine the association of MCRI with incident type 2 diabetes in nondiabetic Hispanics and African Americans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We investigated 1,116 participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Family Study with baseline examinations from 2000 to 2002 and follow-up examinations from 2005 to 2006. Insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response (AIR), and MCRI were determined at baseline from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests. MCRI was calculated as the ratio of the insulin dose over the incremental area under the curve of insulin. Incident diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or antidiabetic medication use by self-report.

RESULTS
We observed that SI and HDL cholesterol were independent positive correlates of MCRI, whereas fasting insulin, fasting glucose, subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, and AIR were independent negative correlates (all P &lt; 0.05) at baseline. After 5 years of follow-up, 71 (6.4%) participants developed type 2 diabetes. Lower MCRI was associated with a higher risk of incident diabetes after adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, HDL cholesterol, indexes of obesity and adiposity, and insulin secretion (odds ratio 2.01 [95% CI 1.30–3.10], P = 0.0064, per one-SD decrease in loge-transformed MCRI).

CONCLUSIONS
Our data showed that lower MCRI predicts the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
No Difference in Small or Large Nerve Fiber Function Between Individuals With Normal Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Pourhamidi Kaveh , Dahlin Lars B. , Englund Elisabet , Rolandsson Olov 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
To assess small and large nerve fiber function in people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants were recruited consecutively from a population-based cohort: NGT (n = 39), IGT (n = 29), and T2D (n = 51). Electrophysiological measures included nerve conduction studies and thermal thresholds. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) in skin biopsies was calculated.

RESULTS
There was no difference between IGT and NGT in sural nerve conduction, IENFD, and thermal thresholds. IENFD was significantly lower in T2D (median = 2.8 fibers/mm [interquartile range 1.1–4.7 fibers/mm]) than NGT individuals (4.5 fibers/mm [3.4–6.1 fibers/mm]; P &lt; 0.05). T2D participants had poorer nerve conduction and higher heat thresholds than NGT and IGT.

CONCLUSIONS
Large and small nerve function in people with IGT did not differ from those with NGT. Our finding does not support the existence of neuropathy in a prediabetic stage.
Self-Reported Physical Activity Is Associated With β-Cell Function in Mexican American Adults
Authors: Chen Zhanghua , Black Mary Helen , Watanabe Richard M. , Trigo Enrique , Takayanagi Miwa , Lawrence Jean M. , Buchanan Thomas A. , Xiang Anny H. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between self-reported physical activity (PA) and diabetes-related quantitative traits.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The observational cohort was 1,152 Mexican American adults with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests, and self-reported dietary and PA questionnaires. PA was categorized into three mutually exclusive groups according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services PA guidelines for Americans: low (vigorous &lt;75 min/week and moderate &lt;150 min/week), moderate (vigorous ≥75 min/week or moderate ≥150 min/week), and high (vigorous ≥75 min/week and moderate ≥150 min/week). Trends in PA groups were tested for association with metabolic traits in a cross-sectional analysis.

RESULTS
The participants’ mean age was 35 years (range, 18–66 years), mean BMI was 29.6 kg/m2, and 73% were female. Among them, 501 (43%), 448 (39%), and 203 (18%) were classified as having low, moderate, and high PA, respectively. After adjustment for age, a higher PA was significantly associated with lower 2-h glucose, fasting insulin, and 2-h insulin and greater β-cell function (P = 0.001, 0.0003, 0.0001, and 0.004, respectively). The association did not differ significantly by sex. Results were similar after further adjustment for age, sex, BMI, or percent body fat.

CONCLUSIONS
An increasing level of PA is associated with a better glucose and insulin profile and enhanced β-cell function that is not explained by differences in BMI or percent body fat. Our results suggest that PA can be beneficial to β-cell function and glucose regulation independent of obesity.
Cardiovascular Characteristics in Subjects With Increasing Levels of Abnormal Glucose Regulation
Authors: Capaldo Brunella , Di Bonito Procolo , Iaccarino Michele , Roman Mary J. , Lee Elisa T. , Devereux Richard B. , Riccardi Gabriele , Howard Barbara V. , de Simone Giovanni 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or the combination of IFG and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with progressive abnormalities of cardiac geometry and function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied 562 nondiabetic (311 women), nonhypertensive participants of the second Strong Heart Study exam, without prevalent cardiovascular (CV) disease and with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (age 46–65 years, 198 with isolated IFG [35%], and 132 with combined IFG and IGT [23%]). Anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile, blood pressure (BP), and echocardiographic parameters were compared with 232 participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

RESULTS
BMI, prevalence of central obesity, homeostatic model assessment index of insulin resistance, plasma triglycerides, fibrinogen, and CRP increased progressively across categories of glucose intolerance (P &lt; 0.0001), with the IFG+IGT group having higher values than those with isolated IFG (0.05 &lt; P &lt; 0.0001). Compared with NGT, both IFG and IFG+IGT exhibited greater left ventricular (LV) mass (P &lt; 0.0001) and lower Doppler early peak rapid filling velocity to peak atrial filling velocity ratio (P &lt; 0.005), without differences in LV systolic function. The odds of LV hypertrophy (LV mass index &gt;46.7 in women or &gt;49.2 g/m2.7 in men) was 3.5 in IFG participants (95% CI 0.68–17.76; P = NS) and 9.76 (2.03–46.79; P = 0.004) in IFG+IGT, compared with NGT, after adjustment for age, sex, heart rate, systolic BP, and waist circumference (WC). In the overall sample, LV mass index was associated with WC (P = 0.033), CRP (P = 0.027), and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (P = 0.001) independently of confounders.

CONCLUSIONS
Cardiometabolic profile and markers of inflammation are more severely altered in men and women with both IFG and IGT compared with those with IFG alone. These individuals, in the absence of hypertension, have a 10-fold greater probability of preclinical CV disease (LV hypertrophy).
Intraoperative antinociception and postoperative analgesia following epidural anesthesia versus femoral and sciatic nerve blockade in dogs undergoing stifle joint surgery
Authors: Caniglia Andrea M. , Driessen Bernd , Puerto David A. , Bretz Brian , Boston Raymond C. , Larenza M. Paula 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare analgesic efficacy of preoperative epidural anesthesia with efficacy of femoral and sciatic nerve blockade in dogs undergoing hind limb orthopedic surgery.
Design—Prospective randomized blinded clinical study.
Animals—22 dogs requiring stifle joint surgery.
Procedures—Dogs were premedicated with acepromazine and morphine, and anesthesia was induced with diazepam and propofol and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen. Prior to surgery, a combination of 1.0% lidocaine solution with 0.25% bupivacaine solution was administered either into the lumbosacral epidural space (11 dogs) or perineurally along the femoral and sciatic nerves (11). Intraoperative nociception was assumed if heart rate or systolic blood pressure increased by > 10% from baseline, in which case fentanyl (2 μg/kg [0.9 μg/lb], IV) was administered as rescue analgesia. Following recovery from anesthesia, signs of postoperative pain were assessed every 30 minutes for 360 minutes from the time of local anesthetic administration via the modified Glasgow pain scale. Patients with scores > 5 (scale, 0 to 20) received hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg [0.05 mg/lb], IV) as rescue analgesia and were then withdrawn from further pain scoring.
Results—Treatment groups did not differ significantly in the number fentanyl boluses administered for intraoperative rescue analgesia. Time to administration of first postoperative rescue analgesia was comparable between groups. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between groups in baseline pain scores, nor were there significant differences at any other point during the postoperative period.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Femoral and sciatic nerve blocks provided intraoperative antinociception and postoperative analgesia similar to epidural anesthesia in dogs undergoing stifle joint surgery.
Effects of storage in formalin on composition of canine and feline uroliths
Authors: Albasan Hasan , Osborne Carl A. , Lulich Jody P. , Ulrich Lisa K. , Koehler Lori A. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether storage in neutral-buffered 10% formalin in vitro has any effect on the composition of biogenic minerals of canine and feline uroliths.
Design—Prospective in vitro study.
Sample Population—Canine and feline uroliths submitted to the Minnesota Urolith Center from 34 dogs and 27 cats.
Procedures—Submissions from each dog or cat consisted of multiple uroliths of a single mineral type. After retrieval from the urinary tract, none of the uroliths had been placed in a preservative before submission. Evaluated uroliths were exclusively composed of the following: only struvite (uroliths from 5 dogs and 5 cats), calcium oxalate (5 dogs and 5 cats), calcium phosphate apatite (5 dogs and 5 cats), cystine (5 dogs and 5 cats), ammonium urate (5 dogs and 5 cats), or silica (5 dogs). One urolith from each dog or cat was quantitatively analyzed by polarized light microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, or both. Another urolith from the same animal was immersed in 1 mL of neutral-buffered 10% formalin for 48 hours at room temperature (22.5°C). Uroliths exposed to formalin were then air-dried for 30 minutes, and the analysis was repeated.
Results—After exposure to formalin, a portion of every struvite urolith was transformed into newberyite. This was not observed with any other urolith mineral type. Quantitative mineral analysis of nonstruvite uroliths revealed no detectable change in mineral composition. However, 3 of 10 ammonium urate uroliths dissolved when placed in formalin.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—To avoid misdiagnosis of mineral composition, uroliths should not be immersed in formalin prior to analysis.
Abdominal abscesses in adult horses: 61 cases (1993–2008)
Authors: Arnold Carolyn E. , Chaffin M. Keith 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinical signs, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcome for a series of adult horses with abdominal abscesses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—61 adult horses.
Procedures—Medical records of adult horses with abdominal abscesses treated at Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (1993 to 2008) were reviewed. Information was recorded regarding signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and short- and long-term outcomes. Risk factors for survival were determined.
Results—61 horses met the criteria for inclusion. Clinical signs included colic (67%), fever (46%), anorexia (51%), signs of depression (57%), tachycardia (46%), and weight loss (30%). The diagnosis was made on the basis of abdominal ultrasonography, exploratory celiotomy, palpation per rectum, and necropsy. Abscesses were variable in size, location, and number. Only 15 (24.6%) horses survived to discharge. Multiple bacterial isolates were identified from aspirates of abscesses, and subsequent abdominal adhesion formation limited survival, affecting outcome. Risk factors for survival included age and heart rate at admission.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Adult horses with abdominal abscesses often have severe adhesion formation. Multiple bacterial isolates are frequently identified from the abscess. Prognosis for survival is guarded.
The content of lead in herbal drugs and tea samples
Authors: Kaličanin Biljana , Velimirović Dragan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHeavy metals are highly toxic to living organisms even in low concentrations owing to their cumulative effect. In this study the overall content of lead in herbal drugs was determined, as well as the content of lead which was released from tested drugs during the preparation of tea drinks. To determine the content of toxic lead, the highly sensitive microanalytical technique of the potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) with oxygen as the oxidant was used. The lowest overall content of lead was detected for chamomile and ranged from 0.73 to 0.77 µg/g, while the greatest content of lead was determined in the samples of the frangula bark, and yielded approximately 3 µg/g. The lead content in the prepared tea drinks ranged from 0.26 to 1.23 µg/g and depended on the manner in which tea drink was prepared. All of the herbal drugs in this study contain a certain amount of the toxic metal lead, but at the same time, the contents were below the levels prescribed for this metal. The content of lead released from the herbal drug into the tea drink was three to five times lower than those of the overall content of this metal.
Diptera associated with sporocarps of Meripilus giganteus in an urban habitat
Authors: Roháček Jindřich , Ševčík Jan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe Diptera community associated with fruit bodies of the wood-decaying fungus Meripilus giganteus (Pers.) P. Karst., 1882 was investigated in two city parks in Opava (Czech Republic, Central Europe) during the years 2009 and 2010. A total of 10,451 adult specimens of Diptera belonging to 66 species and 17 families emerged from this fungus during our rearing experiments. The six most dominant species, Coboldia fuscipes (Meigen, 1830) (D=50.70%), Drosophila funebris (Fabricius, 1787) (D=21.40%), Logima satchelli (Quate, 1955) (D =14.16%), Forcipomyia squamigera Kieffer, 1916 (D=5.48%), Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour, 1839) (D=2.96%) and Apteromyia claviventris (Strobl, 1909) (D=0.95%) represented 95.65% of all reared specimens. Altogether 59 species were reared from M. giganteus for the first time. Comments on host specialization, degree of synynthropy and other aspects of biology of particular species are provided. The qualitative composition of the fly community associated with M. giganteus in an urban habitat, causes of high species richness, and the predominance of polysaprophagous species in the reared material are discussed. The accidentally reared {itOrnitholeria nidicola} Frey, 1930 (Chiropteromyzidae) represents the first family record from the Czech Republic and the first record of the species from Central Europe.
Coniochaeta prunicola — first record for Slovakia and Europe
Authors: Ivanová Helena , Bernadovičová Slávka 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study reports the first record of Coniochaeta on Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. from the Nitra district. This is the first record of Coniochaeta for Slovakia and also for Europe. The fungus Coniochaeta prunicola Damm & Crous (Coniochaetales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) was isolated from damaged leaves and twigs of host trees. Morphological analyses demonstrate that Coniochaeta prunicola and Coniochaeta velutina are distinct species.
Evaluation of Verbascum species and harpagoside in models of acute and chronic inflammation
Authors: Dimitrova Petya , Georgiev Milen , Khan Mahmud , Ivanovska Nina 
Published: December 2012

AbstractVerbascum species are widely used in folk medicine because of their broad range of biological activities. Harpagoside, an iridoid glycoside isolated from some Verbascum plants is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the effect of five extracts of Verbascum species and harpagosides were evaluated in mouse models of acute and chronic inflammation. The results demonstrate that Verbascum phoeniceum extract strongly inhibits COX-1 (60.2% inhibition vs PMA-stimulated cells) and COX-2 (44.8% inhibition) expression stimulated peritoneal macrophages resulting in reduced paw swelling in carrageenan-induced oedema (55.5% inhibition vs PBS-treated mice). Harpagoside ameliorated the development of zymosaninduced arthritis and reduced pathological changes in joints as shown by the decreased histological score for cell infiltration in synovial cavity (3.5±0.2 in vs 2.0±0.16), cartilage loss (2.5±0.3 vs 1.8±0.5) and bone resorption (2.4±0.2 vs 1.8±0.4). Molecular docking simulations of harpagoside suggest that it may function with increased specific affinity towards COX-1 than COX-2. The potential of harpagoside to be applied as an effective agent for treating joint-related disorders is discussed.
Microbial activity in drinking water-associated biofilms
Authors: Farkas Anca , Dragan-Bularda Mihail , Muntean Vasile , Ciataras Dorin , Tigan Stefan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMicrobial biofilms from surfaces in contact with water may play a beneficial role in drinking water treatment as biological filters. However, detrimental effects such as biofouling (i.e., biocorrosion and water quality deterioration) may also occur. In this study microbiological processes and factors influencing the activity of bacteria in biofilms were investigated by conventional cultivation methods. The presence of bacteria belonging to different ecophysiological groups was assessed during drinking water treatment, in biofilms developed on concrete, steel and sand surfaces. Influences of the treatment process, type of immersed material and physico-chemical characteristics of raw/bulk water and biofilms upon the dynamics of bacterial communities were evaluated. Results revealed intense microbial activity in biofilms occurring in the drinking water treatment plant of Cluj. Ammonification, iron reduction and manganese oxidation were found to be the predominant processes. Multiple significant correlations were established between the evolution of biofilm bacteria and the physico-chemical parameters of raw/ bulk water. The type of immersed material proved to have no significant influence upon the evolution of microbial communities, but the treatment stage, suggesting that the processes applied restrict microbial growth not only in bulk fluid but in biofilms, too.
Herpes simplex and Ebstein Barr virus encephalitis complicated with Klüver-Bucy syndrome
Authors: Stojanović Vesna , Kozić Duško , Mudrinić Tatjana , Doronjski Aleksandra , Spasojević Slobodan , Njagulj Vesna 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A case of sixteen-year-old boy with initial herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis is reported. Herpesviruses are often found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) along with EBV. After eradication of HSV in CSF in this case, a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to EBV in CSF remained along with a severe clinical picture (segmental myoclonus and Klüver-Bucy syndrome) and worsening of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Neurological and psychological improvement occurred after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin.