bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in cardiac surgery: it is time for clear evidence
Authors: Grieshaber Philippe , Niemann Bernd , Roth Peter , Böning Andreas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the previous issue of Critical Care, Yu and colleagues report increased morbidity and mortality in patients after myocardial infarction undergoing prophylactic intra-aortic balloon pump support before coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The impact of prophylactic intra-aortic balloon pump implantation before coronary artery bypass graft therapy still is controversially debated. However, Yu and colleagues emphasize further discussion and substantiate the need for a prospective randomized controlled trial on this subject.
Neurally adjusted non-invasive ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: does patient–ventilator synchrony matter?
Authors: Nava Stefano , Pisani Lara 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPatient–ventilator interaction represents an important clinical challenge during non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Doorduin and colleagues’ study shows that non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) improves patient–ventilator interaction compared with pressure support ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is no doubt nowadays that NAVA is the most effective mode of improving the synchrony between patient and machine, but the key question for the clinicians is whether or not this will make a difference to the patient’s outcome. The results of the study still do not clarify this issue because of the very low clinically important dyssynchrony, like wasted efforts, in the population studied. Air leaks play an important role in determining patient–ventilator interaction and therefore NIV success or failure. Apart from the use of a dedicated NIV ventilator or specific modes of ventilation like NAVA, the clinicians should be aware that the choice of interface, the humidification system and the appropriate sedation are key factors in improving patient–ventilator synchrony.
Gary Becker’s early work on human capital – collaborations and distinctiveness
Authors: Teixeira Pedro Nuno 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

ᅟ
In a prolific and illustrious career, the late Gary Becker (1930–2014) developed what he would later call "the economic approach to human behaviour". One of the most significant strands of that research was that which focused on human capital, occuping a significant part of his career, especially in his early years. In this paper we will focus on Becker’s early work in human capital up to the publication of his book in 1964, a period that laid the foundations for his career and in which he tested the possibilities of (and the resistance to) this economic approach to human behaviour. We will explore the context in which the book was developed and the interactions with other people that were laying the foundations for human capital research, namely those working at the Chicago and Columbia Departments of Economics.

JEL codes
B2; B3; I2; J3
Remittances, savings and return migration under uncertainty
Authors: Delpierre Matthieu , Verheyden Bertrand 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecent empirical evidence links migrant remittances, savings and return migration, and stresses the inaccuracy of return migration plans. This paper presents a model of endogenous remittances, savings and return decisions under uncertainty. In our framework, migrants make remittance and saving decisions at an early stage of migration, when their long term economic performance in the host country is still uncertain. Over time, information about professional prospects is acquired, and conditionally on past decisions, migrants adjust their return plans. We show that when migrants expect large gains from migration and face relatively low wage risks in the host country, they tend to remit less, save more and are less likely to return migrate. These results are in line with recent empirical evidence and provide a rationale for the support by relatives in the sending country of low-skill, illegal migration.JEL codesD13; D80; JE
Remote control system of disaster response robot with passive sub-crawlers considering falling down avoidance
Authors: Suzuki Soichiro , Hasegawa Satoshi , Okugawa Masayuki 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper describes a remote control system for a crawler-type mobile robot with passive sub-crawlers. This system has a great advantage because it utilizes an essential compliant mechanism that allows the angle of the sub-crawlers to be adapted to the shape of the road surface. Its operation is extremely simple, and it is only necessary to control the movement direction and driving speed in comparison with the case of controlling active sub-crawlers. However, a robot with passive sub-crawlers cannot recover from a situation in which it is stuck. The operator must select a traversable route for unknown rough terrain using only the information obtained from camera images and some sensor data from the robot. In this study, a remote control system for a crawler robot with passive sub-crawlers was developed based on a warning system. This system evaluates the currently selected route by calculating the stabilization for the robot when falling down in the roll and pitch directions. Experimental results obtained using a prototype crawler robot with passive sub-crawlers demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed system.
CCM proteins control endothelial β1 integrin dependent response to shear stress
Authors: Macek Jilkova Zuzana , Lisowska Justyna , Manet Sandra , Verdier Claude , Deplano Valerie , Geindreau Christian , Faurobert Eva , Albigès-Rizo Corinne , Duperray Alain 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTHemodynamic shear stress from blood flow on the endothelium critically regulates vascular function in many physiological and pathological situations. Endothelial cells adapt to shear stress by remodeling their cytoskeletal components and subsequently by changing their shape and orientation. We demonstrate that β1 integrin activation is critically controlled during the mechanoresponse of endothelial cells to shear stress. Indeed, we show that overexpression of the CCM complex, an inhibitor of β1 integrin activation, blocks endothelial actin rearrangement and cell reorientation in response to shear stress similarly to β1 integrin silencing. Conversely, depletion of CCM2 protein leads to an elongated “shear-stress-like” phenotype even in the absence of flow. Taken together, our findings reveal the existence of a balance between positive extracellular and negative intracellular signals, i.e. shear stress and CCM complex, for the control of β1 integrin activation and subsequent adaptation of vascular endothelial cells to mechanostimulation by fluid shear stress.
Slow-cycling stem cells in hydra contribute to head regeneration
Authors: Govindasamy Niraimathi , Murthy Supriya , Ghanekar Yashoda 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Adult stem cells face the challenge of maintaining tissue homeostasis by self-renewal while maintaining their proliferation potential over the lifetime of an organism. Continuous proliferation can cause genotoxic/metabolic stress that can compromise the genomic integrity of stem cells. To prevent stem cell exhaustion, highly proliferative adult tissues maintain a pool of quiescent stem cells that divide only in response to injury and thus remain protected from genotoxic stress. Hydra is a remarkable organism with highly proliferative stem cells and ability to regenerate at whole animal level. Intriguingly, hydra does not display consequences of high proliferation, such as senescence or tumour formation. In this study, we investigate if hydra harbours a pool of slow-cycling stem cells that could help prevent undesirable consequences of continuous proliferation. Hydra were pulsed with the thymidine analogue 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) and then chased in the absence of EdU to monitor the presence of EdU-retaining cells. A significant number of undifferentiated cells of all three lineages in hydra retained EdU for about 8–10 cell cycles, indicating that these cells did not enter cell cycle. These label-retaining cells were resistant to hydroxyurea treatment and were predominantly in the G2 phase of cell cycle. Most significantly, similar to mammalian quiescent stem cells, these cells rapidly entered cell division during head regeneration. This study shows for the first time that, contrary to current beliefs, cells in hydra display heterogeneity in their cell cycle potential and the slow-cycling cells in this population enter cell cycle during head regeneration. These results suggest an early evolution of slow-cycling stem cells in multicellular animals.
Mate choice and body pattern variations in the Crown Butterfly fish Chaetodon paucifasciatus (Chaetodontidae)
Authors: Levy Keren , Lerner Amit , Shashar Nadav 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Mate choice is an important ecological behavior in fish, and is often based on visual cues of body patterns. The Crown Butterfly fish Chaetodon paucifasciatus (Chaetodontidae) is a monogamist, territorial species; it swims in close proximity to its partner throughout most of its life. This species is characterized by a pattern of 6–8 vertical black stripes on a white background, on both sides of its body. Our aim was to define spatial features (variations) in body patterns by evaluating the level of dissimilarity between both sides of each individual fish, and the level of dissimilarity between patterns of different individuals. In addition, we tested whether the fish are attracted to or reject specific features of the body patterns. Features were defined and counted using photographs of body patterns. Attraction to or rejection of specific features were tested behaviorally using a dual-choice experiment of video animations of individuals swimming over a coral-reef background. We found that the patterns of each fish and sides of the body were no less dissimilar, compared intraspecificly to other fish, and that each side pattern was unique and distinguishable. Variations in the patterns occurred mostly in the last three posterior stripes. Individuals were mainly attracted to conspecifics with multiple crossing patterns (two or more consecutive crossings), and rejected patterns with holes. Our results suggest that in this species the unique body pattern of each fish is used for conspecific identification of mates and intruders.
McArdle disease does not affect skeletal muscle fibre type profiles in humans
Authors: Kohn Tertius Abraham , Noakes Timothy David , Rae Dale Elizabeth , Rubio Juan Carlos , Santalla Alfredo , Nogales-Gadea Gisela , Pinós Tomas , Martín Miguel A. , Arenas Joaquin , Lucia Alejandro 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Patients suffering from glycogen storage disease V (McArdle disease) were shown to have higher surface electrical activity in their skeletal muscles when exercising at the same intensity as their healthy counterparts, indicating more muscle fibre recruitment. To explain this phenomenon, this study investigated whether muscle fibre type is shifted towards a predominance in type I fibres as a consequence of the disease. Muscle biopsies from the Biceps brachii (BB) (n = 9) or Vastus lateralis (VL) (n = 8) were collected over a 13-year period from male and female patients diagnosed with McArdle disease, analysed for myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform content using SDS-PAGE, and compared to healthy controls (BB: n = 3; VL: n = 10). All three isoforms were expressed and no difference in isoform expression in VL was found between the McArdle patients and healthy controls (MHC I: 33±19% vs. 43±7%; MHC IIa: 52±9% vs. 40±7%; MHC IIx: 15±18% vs. 17±9%). Similarly, the BB isoform content was also not different between the two groups (MHC I: 33±14% vs. 30±11%; MHC IIa: 46±17% vs. 39±5%; MHC IIx: 21±13% vs. 31±14%). In conclusion, fibre type distribution does not seem to explain the higher surface EMG in McArdle patients. Future studies need to investigate muscle fibre size and contractility of McArdle patients.
Module 1. Creating a nutritious and balanced diet for adults and children
Authors: More Judy 
Published: November 2014

Overview This learning module identifies the five food groups and explains how to combine the groups to provide a nutritious and balanced diet for adults and children from 1 year of age. The module discusses practical evidence and research on limiting salt, sugar and saturated fat intakes, as well as highlighting solutions to overcome the challenges in feeding children of different ages.
Module 3. The importance of relationship building in supporting families
Authors: Bidmead Christine 
Published: November 2014

OverviewThis learning module concentrates on describing how health visitors work with families to provide support. It provides an overview of family support skills with self-assessment to consolidate your learning and help you achieve the stated learning outcomes. It includes a detailed introduction to an understanding of the complexity of health visiting relational skills involved in providing family support. Further reading and practical experiential training is recommended to gain greater proficiency in the use of the skills discussed.
Module 4. The prevention, treatment and management of nappy rash in newborns and infants
Authors: Oshikanlu Ruth , Edwards Janet 
Published: November 2014

Overview This learning module focuses on the aetiology, prevention and treatment of nappy rash in newborns and infants. The module discusses evidence and research on nappy rash, including recommendations for the ideal barrier treatment. It also highlights the role of the health visitor in supporting parents with practical advice in managing nappy rash.
Module 9. Leadership in health visiting
Authors: Wallbank Sonya , Buttigieg Margaret 
Published: November 2014

Overview This learning module is concerned with the issue of leadership in the NHS and in particular what health visitors can do to develop their leadership skills at this vital time for their profession. Present coalition government policy emphasises the importance of clinical leadership and of the service being led by clinicians. But in practice, what does this mean? And how can individual practitioners develop their leadership skills in the changing NHS environment when the need for exemplary leadership in the NHS is greater than ever?
Pharmacological management of extrapyramidal side-effects
Authors: Keogh Brian , Lynch Aileen , Doyle Louise 
Published: November 2014

Overview This module will give a brief overview of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs and their modes of action. The pharmacological management of extrapyramidal side-effects will be discussed in detail. Nursing considerations when administering antipsychotic drugs will also be outlined. The module will conclude by summarizing the key points.
Module 6. The effective management of contraception
Authors: Robinson Gina M 
Published: November 2014

Overview This module concentrates on the methods commonly used in the management of contraception. The module contains an overview of currently available methods in different age groups, with self-assessments to consolidate your learning and help you achieve the stated learning outcomes. The module provides a detailed introduction to the topic. Further reading is recommended to gain a greater understanding of the management of contraception.
Module 8. The Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Pharmacological Options
Authors: Meetoo Danny 
Published: November 2014

Overview This module focuses on a selection of commonly prescribed oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The module contains an overview of the global incidence of diabetes, followed by an introduction to glucose homeostasis, pathophysiology, and clinical interventions in the management of patients with T2DM. The module provides a detailed introduction to the topic. Further reading is recommended to gain a greater understanding of the burden of T2DM on both patients and NHS resources.
Module 4. Pharmacological Management of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Johnston Sheila , Noble Helen 
Published: November 2014

Overview This module focuses on a selection of drugs commonly used in the management of chronic kidney disease. The module includes some case studies, a short overview of management, and self-assessments to test whether you have achieved your learning outcomes. Although further reading is recommended, this module can be taken as a stand-alone introduction to the topic.
Module 5. Pharmacological Management of Dyspepsia
Authors: Griffiths Helen 
Published: November 2014

Overview This module concentrates on the drugs commonly used in the management of dyspepsia. The module contains an overview of dyspepsia and its pharmacological management, with self-assessments to consolidate your learning and help you achieve the stated learning outcomes. The module provides a detailed introduction to the topic. Further reading is recommended to gain a greater understanding of the burden of dyspepsia on both patients and NHS resources.
Module 9. Conservative Management of Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Johnston Sheila , Noble Helen 
Published: November 2014

Overview This continuing professional development (CPD) module focuses on a selection of drugs commonly used in the conservative management (CM) of stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). The module contains an overview of CKD, focusing on stage 5 CKD, and includes some case studies, a short overview of the management of the condition, and self-assessments to test if you have achieved your learning outcomes. Although some further reading is recommended, this module can be taken as a stand-alone introduction to the topic.
Module 10. Calculation skills for nurse prescribers
Authors: Wright Kerri 
Published: November 2014

Overview This module concentrates on common drug calculations used in the day-to-day life of a nurse prescriber. The module explains why good calculation skills are important in the context of medicines management. The topics discussed include: medicine strengths, units of measurements, divided dosages, dosage per weight, and calculations involving electronic devices, among others. Self-assessments to consolidate your learning and help you achieve the stated learning outcomes are included. The module provides a detailed introduction to the topic. Further reading is recommended to gain a greater understanding of drug calculations.
Module 11. The Pharmacological Management of Incontinence
Authors: Mangnall Joanne , Lakin Stuart 
Published: November 2014

Overview This module concentrates on the drugs commonly used in the management of incontinence. The module contains an overview of urinary and faecal incontinence and their pharmacological management, with self-assessments to consolidate your learning and help you achieve the stated learning outcomes. The module provides a detailed introduction to the topic. Further reading is recommended to gain a greater understanding of the complexity of incontinence on patients, and how its management can be a challenge for health professionals on a daily basis.
Module 15. Statins and their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: O'Donovan Kate 
Published: November 2014

Overview The purpose of this module to enhance your understanding of statins in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Insight into statins—their indications, pharmacology, potential for drug interactions, and adverse effects—promotes the optimal care of patients prescribed these medications. This module provides a concise overview of statins in clinical practice and offers a selection of reflective activities and multiple choice questions for self-assessment that will help readers achieve the learning outcomes specified.
Module 12. Achieving concordance in the treatment of bipolar disorder
Authors: Gray Richard , Brown Ellie 
Published: November 2014

Overview This module has a focus on ways of supporting patients with bipolar disorder to achieve greater adherence and ‘concordance’ in the use of their medications. The module contains an overview of the presentation and assessment of bipolar disorder and its pharmacological management, and a discussion of approaches that may empower patients to use their medications more effectively. The module provides a detailed introduction to the topic with self-assessments to consolidate your learning and help you achieve the stated learning outcomes. Further reading is recommended to gain a greater understanding.
Module 21. Adult asthma
Authors: Scullion Jane , Holmes Steve 
Published: November 2014

Overview The purpose of this continuing professional development module is to outline and discuss asthma in adults. There will be an introduction to the diagnosis of asthma, an examination of the aetiology and triggers, and a discussion of the monitoring and management of asthma in adults, including an overview of pharmacotherapy. Multiple choice questions are provided for self-assessment to help you achieve the learning outcomes.
Module 22. Conservative Management of Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease–An Update
Authors: Johnston Sheila , Noble Helen 
Published: November 2014

Overview This continuing professional development (CPD) module focuses on a selection of drugs commonly used in the conservative management (CM) of stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). The module contains an overview of CKD, focusing on stage 5 CKD, and includes some case studies, a short overview of the management of the condition, and self-assessments to test if you have achieved your learning outcomes. Although some further reading is recommended, this module can be taken as a stand-alone introduction to the topic.
Module 19. Pharmacological management of incontinence
Authors: Mangnall Joanne , Lakin Stuart 
Published: November 2014

Overview This module concentrates on the drugs commonly used in the management of incontinence. The module contains an overview of urinary and faecal incontinence and their pharmacological management, with self-assessments to consolidate your learning and help you achieve the stated learning outcomes. The module provides a detailed introduction to the topic. Further reading is recommended to gain a greater understanding of the complexity of incontinence and how its management can be a challenge for health professionals on a daily basis.
Regulation of Drosophila intestinal stem cell maintenance and differentiation by the transcription factor Escargot
Authors: Loza‐Coll Mariano A , Southall Tony D , Sandall Sharsti L , Brand Andrea H , Jones D Leanne 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTissue stem cells divide to self‐renew and generate differentiated cells to maintain homeostasis. Although influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, the genetic mechanisms coordinating the decision between self‐renewal and initiation of differentiation remain poorly understood. The escargot (esg) gene encodes a transcription factor that is expressed in stem cells in multiple tissues in Drosophila melanogaster, including intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Here, we demonstrate that Esg plays a pivotal role in intestinal homeostasis, maintaining the stem cell pool while influencing fate decisions through modulation of Notch activity. Loss of esg induced ISC differentiation, a decline in Notch activity in daughter enteroblasts (EB), and an increase in differentiated enteroendocrine (EE) cells. Amun, an inhibitor of Notch in other systems, was identified as a target of Esg in the intestine. Decreased expression of esg resulted in upregulation of Amun, while downregulation of Amun rescued the ectopic EE cell phenotype resulting from loss of esg. Thus, our findings provide a framework for further comparative studies addressing the conserved roles of Snail factors in coordinating self‐renewal and differentiation of stem cells across tissues and species.