bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of gender differences in patients with hand eczema – everyday exposures, severity, and consequences
Authors: Mollerup Annette , Veien Niels Kren , Johansen Jeanne Duus 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundHand eczema is often related to high‐risk occupations and aggravating exposures in everyday life. The disease is twice as frequent in women as in men, partly because of diverse exposure patterns. Other gender differences may be relevant for treatment and prevention.ObjectivesTo gain insights into the common features and differences between men and women with hand eczema.MethodsThe clinical disease severity of patients (n = 306) attending for dermatological treatment at two settings was assessed with the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI). Self‐reported medication adherence, aggravating factors, hand eczema‐related consequences and quality of life were obtained from a questionnaire.ResultsMen and women had equal clinical severities of disease, with an overall median HECSI of 43. Self‐reported medication adherence was equal between the genders, but, among patients aged > 40 years, more reported higher adherence. The impact of disease was larger in women than in men. Women reported significantly more aggravating factors and sick leave. Also, women had a more impaired quality of life than men at equal levels of disease severity, and this could be associated with the higher number of aggravating factors.ConclusionGender differences in hand eczema need to be considered in the dermatological treatment and counselling of patients.
Pronounced reduction of postprandial glucagon by lixisenatide: a meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Ahrén B. , Gautier J.‐F. , Berria R. , Stager W. , Aronson R. , Bailey C. J. 
Published: March 2014

AimGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists improve islet function and delay gastric emptying in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the effects of the once‐daily prandial GLP‐1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), glucagon and insulin levels.MethodsSix randomized, placebo‐controlled studies of lixisenatide 20 µg once daily were included in this analysis: lixisenatide as monotherapy (GetGoal‐Mono), as add‐on to oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs; GetGoal‐M, GetGoal‐S) or in combination with basal insulin (GetGoal‐L, GetGoal‐Duo‐1 and GetGoal‐L‐Asia). Change in 2‐h PPG and glucose excursion were evaluated across six studies. Change in 2‐h glucagon and postprandial insulin were evaluated across two studies. A meta‐analysis was performed on least square (LS) mean estimates obtained from analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)‐based linear regression.ResultsLixisenatide significantly reduced 2‐h PPG from baseline (LS mean difference vs. placebo: −4.9 mmol/l, p < 0.001) and glucose excursion (LS mean difference vs. placebo: −4.5 mmol/l, p < 0.001). As measured in two studies, lixisenatide also reduced postprandial glucagon (LS mean difference vs. placebo: −19.0 ng/l, p < 0.001) and insulin (LS mean difference vs. placebo: −64.8 pmol/l, p < 0.001). There was a stronger correlation between 2‐h postprandial glucagon and 2‐h PPG with lixisenatide than with placebo.ConclusionsLixisenatide significantly reduced 2‐h PPG and glucose excursion together with a marked reduction in postprandial glucagon and insulin; thus, lixisenatide appears to have biological effects on blood glucose that are independent of increased insulin secretion. These effects may be, in part, attributed to reduced glucagon secretion.
The development of wing shape in Lepidoptera: mitotic density, not orientation, is the primary determinant of shape
Authors: Nijhout H. Frederik , Cinderella Margaret , Grunert Laura W. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe wings of butterflies and moths develop from imaginal disks whose structure is always congruent with the final adult wing. It is therefore possible to map every point on the imaginal disk to a location on the adult wing throughout ontogeny. We studied the growth patterns of the wings of two distantly related species with very different adult wing shapes, Junonia coenia and Manduca sexta. The shape of the wing disks change throughout their growth phase in a species‐specific pattern. We measured mitotic densities and mitotic orientation in successive stages of wing development approximately one cell division apart. Cell proliferation was spatially patterned, and the density of mitoses was highly correlated with local growth. Unlike other systems in which the direction of mitoses has been viewed as the primary determinant of directional growth, we found that in these two species the direction of growth was only weakly correlated with the orientation of mitoses. Directional growth appears to be imposed by a constantly changing spatial pattern of cell division coupled with a weak bias in the orientation of cell division. Because growth and cell division in imaginal disk require ecdysone and insulin signaling, the changing spatial pattern of cell division may due to a changing pattern of expression of receptors or downstream elements in the signaling pathways for one or both of these hormones. Evolution of wing shape comes about by changes in the progression of spatial patterns of cell division.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation after spinal cord injury – a morphological and functional comparison in rats
Authors: Torres‐Espín Abel , Redondo‐Castro Elena , Hernández Joaquim , Navarro Xavier 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCell therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) is a promising strategy for clinical application. Both bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs; also known as bone marrow‐derived ‘mesenchymal stem cells’) and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have demonstrated beneficial effects following transplantation in animal models of SCI. However, due to the large number of affecting parameters that determine the therapy success and the lack of methodological consensus, the comparison of different works is difficult. Therefore, we compared the effects of MSC and OEC transplants at early or delayed time after a spinal cord contusion injury in the rat. Functional outcomes for locomotion, sensory perception and electrophysiological responses were assessed. Moreover, the grafted cells survival and the amount of cavity and spared tissue were studied. The findings indicate that grafted cells survived until 7 days post‐injection, but markedly disappeared in the following 2 weeks. Despite the low survival of the cells, MSC and OEC grafts provided tissue protection after early and delayed transplantation. Nevertheless, only acute MSC grafts improved locomotion recovery in treadmill condition and electrophysiological outcomes with respect to the other injured groups. These results, together with previous works, indicate that the MSC seem a better option than OEC for treatment of contusion injuries.
Epidemiology and reproductive outcomes of EHV‐1 abortion epizootics in unvaccinated Thoroughbred mares in South Africa
Authors: Schulman M. L. , Becker A. , van der Merwe B. D. , Guthrie A. J. , Stout T. A. E. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyEquine herpesvirus 1 (EHV‐1) is one of the most common causes of infectious abortion in mares. Analysing the demography of outbreaks and detailing subsequent reproductive performance of affected mares will assist in the management of future (threatened) epizootics.ObjectivesTo examine the epidemiology and reproductive outcomes of 2 EHV‐1 abortion epizootics with very different patterns of morbidity.Study designEpidemiological and reproductive data were analysed retrospectively following abortion epizootics associated with EHV‐1, but initiated via different routes, among unvaccinated mares on 2 Thoroughbred farms in South Africa.MethodsAborting mares were assigned to either the EHV‐1 abortion cohort via positive immunostaining (Farms 1 and 2) or quantitative PCR (Farm 2) on tissue samples, or to the non‐EHV abortion cohort.ResultsDuring their respective epizootics, EHV‐1 abortions affected 9/30 (30.0%) and 18/316 (5.7%) of the pregnant mares on Farms 1 and 2, respectively; there were also 25 (7.9%) non‐EHV abortions on Farm 2. Epizootic differences included: durations (Farm 1 = 135 days; Farm 2 = 34 days), intervals between first and subsequent abortions (Farm 1 = 39 days; Farm 2 = 2 days) and intervals to confirmation of EHV‐1 (Farm 1 = 40 days; Farm 2 = 2 days). The median (range) age of EHV‐1 abortion mares (8.0; 5–18 years) in both epizootics was similar but significantly younger (P = 0.004) than the 25 non‐EHV‐1 abortion mares (11.0; 4–24 years) on Farm 2. Gestation stage (median; range) of EHV‐1 (291.5; 277–313) and non‐EHV‐1 (211.9; 61–339 days) abortions were significantly different (P = 0.001). The post abortion complications and subsequent reproductive outcomes had no significant association with EHV‐1 abortion.ConclusionsThe marked difference in morbidity between the 2 epizootics may be associated with routes of introduction or intervention strategy dictated by availability of molecular diagnostic techniques. Unexpectedly, EHV‐1 was not more commonly associated with post abortion complications.
Incidence and risk factors for impaired mobility in older cardiac surgery patients during the early postoperative period
Authors: Tse Lurdes , Bowering John B , Schwarz Stephan K W , Moore Randell L , Sztramko Richard , Barr Alasdair M 
Published: March 2014

AimMobility issues in the early postoperative period result in poor functional outcomes and diminished quality of life for patients of advanced age. We determined the incidence of and risk factors for mobility issues in the early postoperative period in patients receiving open heart cardiac surgery.MethodsA retrospective chart review was carried out on 396 patients receiving open heart coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG), valve replacements and combination CABG‐valve replacements in a tertiary care hospital. Data on demographics, comorbidities, laboratory values, medications, anesthesia and postoperative care were abstracted. Mobility issues were considered present if they were documented in the medical chart. All pre‐ and intraoperative variables were entered into logistic regression.ResultsThe mean age was 66.4 ± 11.9 years. In a subset of patients aged 75 years and older, the mean age was 79.8 ± 3.7 years. Mobility issues affected 36.9% of individuals from the total sample, and 47.6% of older patients. Increased age was a weak predictor in the total sample (OR 1.03), but was the only predictor in older adults (OR 1.1). The strongest predictors in the total sample were preoperative COPD (OR 2.7), congestive heart failure (CHF; OR 2.1), renal disease (OR 1.9), and pre‐existing physical impairment (OR 1.8). Older patients with mobility issues were more likely to be discharged to acute care facilities, and had higher rates of mortality 3 years after surgery.ConclusionsOver one‐third of cardiac surgery patients experienced early postoperative mobility issues. Older patients and those with COPD, CHF, renal disease or pre‐existing physical impairments might benefit from preoperative consultation with physical therapists. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 276–281.
Re‐Regulation in the Post‐WTO Period? A Case Study of Vietnam's Food Retailing Sector
Authors: Nguyen Hai T. H. , Deverteuil Geoff , Wrigley Neil , Ruwanpura Kanchana N. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAcademic interest on domestic regulatory (and re‐regulatory) impacts of retail foreign direct investment remains surprisingly under‐researched, despite high‐profile campaigns, particularly in Southeast Asia, to rein in the expansion of retail transnational corporations. This paper focuses on the trends of re‐regulation of foreign retailers, particularly in the food sector, in Vietnam before and after the accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2007. The findings reveal a complex layering of regulation, some of it a holdover from the pre‐2007 period and some of it occurring since WTO accession, in the form of the controversial Economic Needs Test.
TNFAIP8 overexpression is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in intestinal‐type gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Ming , Zhao Qi , Wang Xiaoxia , Liu Tianbo , Yao Guodong , Lou Changjie , Zhang Yanqiao 
Published: March 2014

AimsTumour necrosis factor alpha‐induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) is implicated in the progression of several human malignancies, but its role in gastric adenocarcinoma is unknown. TNFAIP8 expression and its correlation with clinical significance in gastric adenocarcinoma are evaluated in this study.Methods and resultsThe expression of TNFAIP8 was determined in primary gastric adenocarcinoma tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting analysis. TNFAIP8 expression was higher in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues. Elevated expression of TNFAIP8 in gastric adenocarcinoma was associated significantly with depth of invasion (P = 0.024), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.038) and Lauren classification (P = 0.048). Patients with tumours showing high TNFAIP8 expression had a significantly poorer overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) than those with low TNFAIP8 expression in intestinal‐type gastric adenocarcinoma (IGA) (P = 0.001 for both). In the multivariate Cox analysis, TNFAIP8 expression was an independent prognostic marker for OS and DFS in IGA with P‐values of 0.006 and 0.007, respectively.ConclusionsOur data suggest that TNFAIP8 overexpression may contribute to lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in IGA.
Multiple Local Maxima in Restricted Likelihoods and Posterior Distributions for Mixed Linear Models
Authors: Henn Lisa , Hodges James S. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryScattered reports of multiple maxima in posterior distributions or likelihoods for mixed linear models appear throughout the literature. Less scrutinised is the restricted likelihood, which is the posterior distribution for a specific prior distribution. This paper surveys existing literature and proposes a unifying framework for understanding multiple maxima. For those problems with covariance structures that are diagonalisable in a specific sense, the restricted likelihood can be viewed as a generalised linear model with gamma errors, identity link and a prior distribution on the error variance. The generalised linear model portion of the restricted likelihood can be made to conflict with the portion of the restricted likelihood that functions like a prior distribution on the error variance, giving two local maxima in the restricted likelihood. Applying in addition an explicit conjugate prior distribution to variance parameters permits a second local maximum in the marginal posterior distribution even if the likelihood contribution has a single maximum. Moreover, reparameterisation from variance to precision can change the posterior modality; the converse also is true. Modellers should beware of these potential pitfalls when selecting prior distributions or using peak‐finding algorithms to estimate parameters.
Market Discipline and Deposit Guarantee: Evidence from Australian Banks
Authors: Yan Xing , Skully Michael , Avram Katherine , Vu Tram 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis study examines depositor market discipline of Australian banks and its interaction with the 2008 deposit and wholesale funding guarantee. Prior to 2008 market discipline is found for Australian‐incorporated banks. Depositors did not distinguish between major and small banks, but some differences in the degree of market discipline were found for foreign bank subsidiaries. Following the introduction of the 2008 guarantees, market discipline was reduced except for nonhousehold depositors at banks that did not access the wholesale guarantee. Market discipline is also evidenced at foreign bank branches, but weaker for those accessing the wholesale guarantee.
NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENTS FOR OVERACTIVE BLADDER—PELVIC FLOOR EXERCISES
Authors: BØ K. , BERGHMANS L.C.M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe theory behind the use of physical therapies (electrical stimulation or pelvic floor muscle [PFM] training with or without biofeedback) for overactive bladder is to (1) inhibit detrusor muscle contraction by voluntary contraction of the PFMs at the same time as the urge to void; and (2) prevent sudden falls in urethral pressure by a change in PFM morphology, position, and neuromuscular function.Few trials have evaluated the effect of PFM training on symptoms of overactive bladder. Most studies are flawed because they include several diagnoses and treatment modalities in the same intervention.Because of the lack of evidence, no firm conclusion can be drawn on the effect of PFM exercise on overactive bladder. There are some initially promising results, but there is still a need for high‐quality, randomized controlled trials on the effect of PFM training on the inhibition of detrusor contraction in human beings. The efficacy of PFM training in combination with other treatments, such as pharmacotherapy, also requires investigation.
INTRAVESICAL TREATMENT OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER
Authors: FOWLER CLARE J. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIntravesical agents for overactive bladder have mostly been used in patients with neurogenic bladder disorders. The patients have usually had severe detrusor hyperreflexia (DH) plus a disorder of bladder emptying, and because of residual urine have been performing intermittent self‐catheterization. Intravesical medication has therefore been appropriate. Strategies for treating DH have been either to lessen the parasympathetic efferent activity or to de‐afferent the bladder. Two types of treatment have been used: intravesical medications that block pelvic nerve—detrusor smooth muscle cholinergic transmission, or agents that block the afferent arm of the reflex that causes detrusor contraction. Intravesical oxybutynin is thought to have some local anesthetic effect, although its main mode of action is to block cholinergic transmission. It has been demonstrated to be effective in resistant DH. Intravesical atropine has been demonstrated to increase bladder capacity but its usefulness in the clinical management of DH has yet to be demonstrated. Local anesthetics can increase bladder capacity, but the effect is short‐lived. Longer‐acting agents may have a selective neurotoxic effect on capsaicin‐sensitive bladder afferents. Many patients worldwide have now been treated with intravesical capsaicin. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is an ultrapotent capsaicin analog that has the significant advantage of being a nonirritant. Intravesical agents appear to be attractive alternatives to oral medication and hold the exciting possibility of selectively targeting end organs implicated in pathophysiologic responses.
Oral health of patients under short hospitalization period: observational study
Authors: Sousa Lucas L. A. , Silva Filho Wagner L. S. e. , Mendes Regina F. , Moita Neto José M. , Prado Junior Raimundo R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of hospitalization on the oral health status of individuals hospitalized for a short period of time.Material and MethodsThis was an observational study of hospitalized patients. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) was measured at baseline (T0 – first 24 h of hospital admission), and at 3 (T1), 7 (T2), 14 (T3) days.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐two patients were examined at baseline (T0), 35 examined at 3 days (T1), 23 at 7 days (T2) and 16 at 14 days (T3). The main reason for loss of patients was hospital discharge. The mean PI increased at T1 (0.97–1.21; p < 0.001), at T2 (1.06–1.30; p < 0.007) and at T3 (1.19–1.44; p < 0.03). Gingival index (GI) increased at T2 (0.74–0.96; p < 0.04) and at T3 (0.74–0.96; p < 0.02).ConclusionOral health, assessed through PI and GI, deteriorates after a short period of hospitalization.
Under eye infraorbital injection technique: The best value in facial rejuvenation
Authors: Shetty Rashmi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe use of fillers in esthetic rejuvenation or reshaping has been well established and is one of toughest techniques for beginners due to segmental attachments and proximity to important anatomical structures in the infraorbital area making it difficult to achieve smooth esthetic results. To make filling easy, smooth, and repeatable, anatomical points were marked through specific surface measurements. Patients were injected with 0.5–1 mL of hyaluronic acid filler using the identified anatomical point. All patients treated have achieved restoration of the ogee curve with no bruising and minimal downtime with results lasting for 12–36 months. The results of the study suggest the use of single repeatable injection at the crucial point and if required at multiple identified anatomical points along the ligamental attachment to satisfy the esthetic outcome of the patient. Injection of filler at infraorbital points could instantly lift the face up, elevating the point of shadow and shifting the point of highest light reflection to the ideal malar point.
Moderators of the Effectiveness of a Web‐Based Tailored Intervention Promoting Physical Activity in Adolescents: The HELENA Activ‐O‐Meter
Authors: Cook Tina L. , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Maes Lea , Haerens Leen , Grammatikaki Evangelia , Widhalm Kurt , Kwak Lydia , Plada Maria , Moreno Luis A. , Zampelas Antonis , Tountas Yannis , Manios Yannis 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to examine the moderation effects of sex, age, and psychosocial determinants (intention, social support, and modeling) of physical activity (PA) in the relationship between an Internet‐based computer‐tailored intervention program (Activ‐O‐Meter) and modes of PA and commuting.METHODSThe Activ‐O‐Meter with intervention and control condition was delivered to 555 adolescents (boys 50.5%, mean age: 14.4 years) in 6 European cities. Data on different modes of PA and commuting, sex, age, and psychosocial determinants were collected at baseline and at 3‐months follow‐up, using questionnaires. The moderation effects of psychosocial determinants, sex, and age on the association between condition and modes of PA and commuting were tested with linear regression.RESULTSModeration analysis showed that the following increased adolescents' responsiveness to the intervention: male sex, older age, higher baseline intention to increase PA, higher perceived social support or modeling level by siblings, and low perceived social support by friends.CONCLUSIONSThese findings should be taken into consideration when planning PA interventions in adolescents. Future intervention studies should also include moderation analysis in order to get a deeper understanding of why interventions are not effective for certain individuals and how this unresponsiveness could be overcome.