bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymicrogyria‐associated epilepsy: A multicenter phenotypic study from the Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project
Authors: Shain Catherine , Ramgopal Sriram , Fallil Zianka , Parulkar Isha , Alongi Richard , Knowlton Robert , Poduri Annapurna ,   the EPGP Investigators
Published: June 2013

SummaryPurposePolymicrogyria (PMG) is an epileptogenic malformation of cortical development. We describe the clinical epilepsy and imaging features of a large cohort with PMG‐related epilepsy.MethodsParticipants were recruited through the Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project, a multicenter collaborative effort to collect detailed phenotypic data on individuals with epilepsy. We reviewed phenotypic data from participants with epilepsy and PMG.Key FindingsWe identified 87 participants, 43 female and 44 male, with PMG and epilepsy. Median age of seizure onset was 3 years (range <1 month to 37 years). Most presented with focal epilepsy (87.4%), some in combination with seizures generalized from onset (23.0%). Focal seizures with dyscognitive features were most common (54.3%). Of those presenting with generalized seizure types, infantile spasms were most prevalent (45.2%). The most common topographic pattern was perisylvian PMG (77.0%), of which the majority was bilateral (56.7%). Generalized PMG presented with an earlier age of seizure onset (median age of 8 months) and an increased prevalence of developmental delay prior to seizure onset (57.1%). Of the unilateral, and asymmetric bilateral groups where PMG was more involved in one hemisphere, the majority (71.4%) of participants had seizures that lateralized to the same hemisphere as the PMG or the hemisphere with greater involvement.SignificanceParticipants with PMG had both focal and generalized onset of seizures. Our data confirm the involvement of known topographic patterns of PMG and suggest that more extensive distributions of PMG present with an earlier age of seizure onset and increased prevalence of developmental delay prior to seizure onset.
Geographic population structure of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae suggests a role for the forest‐savannah biome transition as a barrier to gene flow
Authors: J Pinto , A Egyir‐Yawson , JL Vicente , B Gomes , F Santolamazza , M Moreno , JD Charlwood , F Simard , N Elissa , D Weetman , MJ Donnelly , A Caccone , A della Torre 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe primary Afrotropical malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto has a complex population structure. In west Africa, this species is split into two molecular forms and displays local and regional variation in chromosomal arrangements and behaviors. To investigate patterns of macrogeographic population substructure, 25 An. gambiae samples from 12 African countries were genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci. This analysis detected the presence of additional population structuring, with the M‐form being subdivided into distinct west, central, and southern African genetic clusters. These clusters are coincident with the central African rainforest belt and northern and southern savannah biomes, which suggests restrictions to gene flow associated with the transition between these biomes. By contrast, geographically patterned population substructure appears much weaker within the S‐form.
Aphid–willow interactions in a high Arctic ecosystem: responses to raised temperature and goose disturbance
Authors: Gillespie Mark A. K. , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg S. , Hodkinson Ian D. , Cooper Elisabeth J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRecently, there have been several studies using open top chambers (OTCs) or cloches to examine the response of Arctic plant communities to artificially elevated temperatures. Few, however, have investigated multitrophic systems, or the effects of both temperature and vertebrate grazing treatments on invertebrates. This study investigated trophic interactions between an herbivorous insect (Sitobion calvulum, Aphididae), a woody perennial host plant (Salix polaris) and a selective vertebrate grazer (barnacle geese,Branta leucopsis). In a factorial experiment, the responses of the insect and its host to elevated temperatures using open top chambers (OTCs) and to three levels of goose grazing pressure were assessed over two summer growing seasons (2004 and 2005).OTCs significantly enhanced the leaf phenology ofSalixin both years and there was a significantOTCby goose presence interaction in 2004.Salixleaf number was unaffected by treatments in both years, butOTCs increased leaf size and mass in 2005.Salixreproduction and the phenology of flowers were unaffected by both treatments. Aphid densities were increased byOTCs but unaffected by goose presence in both years. While goose presence had little effect on aphid density or host plant phenology in this system, theOTCeffects provide interesting insights into the possibility of phenological synchrony disruption. The advanced phenology ofSalixeffectively lengthens the growing season for the plant, but despite a close association with leaf maturity, the population dynamics of the aphid appeared to lack a similar phenological response, except for the increased population observed.
Satellite microwave detection of boreal forest recovery from the extreme 2004 wildfires in Alaska and Canada
Authors: Jones Matthew O. , Kimball John S. , Jones Lucas A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe rate of vegetation recovery from boreal wildfire influences terrestrial carbon cycle processes and climate feedbacks by affecting the surface energy budget and land‐atmosphere carbon exchange. Previous forest recovery assessments using satellite optical‐infrared normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and tower CO2 eddy covariance techniques indicate rapid vegetation recovery within 5–10 years, but these techniques are not directly sensitive to changes in vegetation biomass. Alternatively, the vegetation optical depth (VOD) parameter from satellite passive microwave remote sensing can detect changes in canopy biomass structure and may provide a useful metric of post‐fire vegetation response to inform regional recovery assessments. We analyzed a multi‐year (2003–2010) satellite VOD record from the NASA AMSR‐E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS) sensor to estimate forest recovery trajectories for 14 large boreal fires from 2004 in Alaska and Canada. The VOD record indicated initial post‐fire canopy biomass recovery within 3–7 years, lagging NDVI recovery by 1–5 years. The VOD lag was attributed to slower non‐photosynthetic (woody) and photosynthetic (foliar) canopy biomass recovery, relative to the faster canopy greenness response indicated from the NDVI. The duration of VOD recovery to pre‐burn conditions was also directly proportional (P < 0.01) to satellite (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) estimated tree cover loss used as a metric of fire severity. Our results indicate that vegetation biomass recovery from boreal fire disturbance is generally slower than reported from previous assessments based solely on satellite optical‐infrared remote sensing, while the VOD parameter enables more comprehensive assessments of boreal forest recovery.
Shadow Kingdom: Lotharingia and the Frankish World, C.850–C.1050
Authors: MacLean Simon 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe lost realm of Lotharingia presents an excellent case‐study with which to explore the last years of the Carolingian Empire in the ninth century and the emergence of its successor kingdoms in the tenth. Following the political history of the kingdom from its creation in the reign of King Lothar II (855–69) through the end of the empire in 888 and across the conflict‐ridden map of tenth‐century Europe reveals some of the key dynamics of the post‐Carolingian world. These dynamics have long been the subject of debates between scholars and have also played a part in the grand narratives of modern European nations whose roots have been located in the ninth and tenth centuries. Lotharingia represents an interesting and unusual case, since its independent existence was fleeting, but it somehow left behind a distinctive shadow that continually resurfaced in between the proto‐French and ‐German kingdoms on either side. A discussion of questions of authority and identity in Lotharingia, which was an obviously artificial creation of Carolingian politics, and which had no long‐term future as a nation‐state, allows us to strip away some of the baggage carried by modern national historiographies and ask what was specific about this important phase in the history of European state‐formation.
Genocide, Extinction and Aboriginal Self‐determination in Tasmanian Historiography
Authors: Taylor Rebe 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe principal aim of this article is to survey the long and complex relationship between the ideas of genocide and extinction as they apply to Tasmanian historiography from the colonial period to the present moment. In so, doing this essay brings up to date Ann Curthoys' 2008 essay on genocide in Tasmania and extends Curthoys' principal inquiry: how there emerged ‘a paradox’ between international representations of Tasmania as a ‘clear‐cut’ case of genocide and the fact ‘such a characterization is rarely adopted within Australia’. This essay finds Curthoys' ‘paradox’ less relevant to popular Australian representations of Tasmanian history where, from the 1970s, the idea of genocide did not merely replace the older idea of extinction, but promulgated it. Such representations directly undermined an emergent movement for Tasmanian Aboriginal self‐determination. The political protest of Tasmanian Aboriginal people influenced historical scholarship, lead foremost by Lyndall Ryan from the early 1980s: to characterize Tasmania as a case of genocide at that time may have potentially jeopardized an important message of Aboriginal survival in the face of colonialism.
Epicurean and Stoic Enlightenments: The Return of Modern Paganism?
Authors: Dew Ben 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn his two‐volume workThe Enlightenment: An Interpretation(1966–1969), Peter Gay sought to show how a ‘small flock’ of ‘modern pagans’ had ushered in the modern era within intellectual history by employing classical learning to ‘free themselves from their Christian heritage’. Gay's book remains one of Enlightenment studies' most ambitious syntheses, but it has often received short shrift from historians. Robert Darnton provided a scathing review shortly after publication, and the next 30 years saw Gay's dialectical method and sweeping European narrative fall out of favour. Instead, analyses increasingly sought to present the Enlightenment as a group of discreet cultural networks tied to particular locales rather than an international movement in the history of ideas. This article argues, however, that the 21st century has seen a renewed interest in paganism, with a range of studies, including major works by Pierre Force, John Robertson and Christopher Brooke, concerning themselves with the Epicurean and Stoic foundations of 18th‐century thought. While clearly alert to the ‘social history of ideas’ pioneered by the previous generation of historians, the work of such writers has been characterised by its desire to formulate genealogies which are international in scope and primarily focused on defining the philosophes' intellectual achievements. My discussion will trace the historiographical origins of this ‘pagan turn’ (or rather return) and look at its role in a series of interconnected debates concerning the origins, scope and significance of the European Enlightenment.
Instantaneous paleomagnetic record from the Miocene Kozagawa Dike of the Kumano Acidic Rocks, Kii Peninsula, Southwest Japan: cautionary note on tectonic interpretation
Authors: Hoshi Hiroyuki , Kamiya Naohiro , Kawakami Yuu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe have conducted a paleomagnetic investigation of the Kozagawa Dike, which is part of the Kumano Acidic Rocks that are the product of a Middle Miocene volcano–plutonic complex cropping out on the Kii Peninsula of Southwest Japan. The granite porphyry facies of the dike yields stable remanent magnetization components. Precisely determined site‐mean directions of characteristic components, as revealed by principal component analysis of stepwise alternating‐field and thermal demagnetization results, form a tight cluster. The overall mean direction exhibits an approximately 40° clockwise declination shift from the south and a steep negative inclination (D = 217.3°, I = −59.8°, α95 = 2.8°; 10 sites). Rock magnetic analyses suggest that magnetite is the main stable component carrier. The overall mean direction is interpreted to be a geologically instantaneous record of the paleomagnetic field that was acquired in a relatively short time interval relative to paleomagnetic secular variations. The mean direction in geographic (in situ) coordinates obtained for the Kozagawa Dike is distinct from previously published data for laccolithic granite porphyry intrusions of the Kumano Acidic Rocks. This difference may result from a time lag during acquisition of remanent magnetization by the different units of the Kumano Acidic Rocks. The southwest and up paleomagnetic direction has previously been interpreted as representing clockwise rotation of Southwest Japan associated with back‐arc opening of the Japan Sea. However, we contend that these directions actually reflect the transient capture of an extraordinary paleomagnetic field at ca 14.3 Ma, such as a transitional or excursional state, and are not of tectonic origin.
Aqueous Gelcasting and Pressureless Sintering of Zirconium Diboride Ceramics
Authors: Yin Jie , Zhang Zhaoquan , Huang Zhengren , Zhang Hui , Yan Yongjie , Liu Xuejian , Liu Yan , Jiang Dongliang 
Published: June 2013

Dense (97.3%) zirconium diboride (ZrB2) ceramics were obtained via gelcasting and pressureless sintering. Four wt% B4C was used as sintering aid. ZrB2, SiC, and B4C can codisperse well in the alkaline region, using a polyacrylate dispersant. Compared with monolithic ZrB2 (Z), the mechanical properties of ZrB2‐SiC (ZS) were enhanced. The Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of ZS were (13.1 ± 0.6) GPa and (2.5 ± 0.4) MPa m1/2, respectively.
A typology of Polish consumers and their behaviours in the market for sustainable textiles and clothing
Authors: Koszewska Małgorzata 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe paper discusses Polish consumers' behaviours in the market for sustainable textiles and clothing.The analysis presented in this article was undertaken because of:
the scarcity of studies on socially responsible consumption in so‐called new consumer countries characterized by slowly developing ethical consumer movement;
few studies analysing consumer behaviour compared with the volume of literature exploring sustainable development and corporate social responsibility of textile and clothing manufacturers.
The typology of Polish consumers presented in this article was developed based on consumers' buying habits and general apparel selection criteria, and also on ecological and social criteria that other typologies and clothing market segmentations omit. The six types of consumers that emerged from the analysis were described with respect to their specific attitudes to sustainable textiles and clothing. In analysing the consumers' behaviours, the following aspects were addressed: communication between customers and producers, product differentiation and actual purchases made by consumers.
Biochemical composition of broccoli seeds and sprouts at different stages of seedling development
Authors: López‐Cervantes Jaime , Tirado‐Noriega Lidia G. , Sánchez‐Machado Dalia I. , Campas‐Baypoli Olga N. , Cantú‐Soto Ernesto U. , Núñez‐Gastélum José A. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe proximate composition, amino acids content, fatty acid profile, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and sulforaphane content in broccoli seeds and sprouts were evaluated in this study. The results showed significant differences in the nutritional composition and the phytochemical level in the different stages of germination. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine‐histidine, proline and threonine were found in larger concentrations. Polyphenols and flavonoids content ranged from 9 to 77 mg GAE g−1 and 33 to 117 μg QE g−1, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging capacity ranged from 174 to 674 μmol TE g−1. The sulforaphane content in seeds and sprouts ranged from 273 to 3632 μg g−1–the highest values were found in seeds and the 8‐ and 11‐day‐old sprouts. The results suggest that the broccoli sprouts are a rich source of nutrients and phytochemicals, these have a high potential as functional food.
Hours of work and rest in the rail industry
Authors: Anderson C. , Grunstein R. R. , Rajaratnam S. M. W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCurrently, the National Transport Commission is considering four options to form the regulatory framework for rail safety within Australia with respect to fatigue. While the National Transport Commission currently recommends no limitations around hours of work or rest, we provide evidence which suggests regulatory frameworks should incorporate a traditional hours of service regulation over more flexible policies. Our review highlights: Shift durations >12 h are associated with a doubling of risk for accident and injury. Fatigue builds cumulatively with each successive shift where rest in between is inadequate (<12 h). A regulatory framework for fatigue management within the rail industry should prescribe limits on hours of work and rest, including maximum shift duration and successive number of shifts. Appropriately, validated biomathematical models and technologies may be used as a part of a fatigue management system, to augment the protection afforded by limits on hours of work and rest. A comprehensive sleep disorder screening and management programme should form an essential component of any regulatory framework.
Distribution of influenza and other acute respiratory viruses during the first year after the 2009–2010 influenza pandemic in the English‐ and Dutch‐speaking Caribbean countries
Authors: Edwards Leslie , Boisson Eldonna , Nathaniel‐Girdharrie SueMin , Morris‐Glasgow Victoria 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundLimited specimen collection and testing for influenza occurred in the English and Dutch‐speaking Caribbean countries prior to the 2009/2010 influenza pandemic. Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC) member countries rapidly mobilized to collect specimens during the pandemic and a vast majority of confirmed cases during the pandemic period were influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.ObjectivesTo describe the aetiology and distribution of acute respiratory illness (ARI) among laboratory confirmed cases during the first year after the 2009/2010 influenza pandemic in the English‐ and Dutch‐speaking Caribbean.ResultsIn total, 774 specimens were tested and 394 (52.7%) cases had positive laboratory confirmation. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (28.4%) and influenza A(H3N2) (23.1%) were most frequently detected. RSV activity peaked in July 2011 while influenza A(H3N2) peaked in October 2010. Influenza was responsible for illness in greater numbers in persons 15–64 years while RSV was seen in primarily in children <5 years and adults >65 years. Other agents confirmed include rhinovirus (12.9%), influenza B (10.9%) and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (9.4%).ConclusionsRSV and influenza A(H3N2) were the most common viruses identified during the first year after the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic. Influenza was detected every month with peak activity corresponding to that typically seen in North America (October to March). In order to determine the seasonality of influenza and RSV, laboratory data from subsequent years and increased specimen submission is needed.
Decomposition of meta‐frontier inefficiency in the two‐stage network directional distance function with quasi‐fixed inputs
Authors: Chiu Ching‐Ren , Lu Kuo‐Hsien , Tsang Seng‐Su , Chen Yi‐Fen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFew studies have considered the quasi‐fixed inputs that have an impact on hospitality. The number of guest rooms and the area of the catering department of international tourist hotels are shown to be constant in Taiwan from 2008 to 2009. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of the two‐stage network directional distance function with quasi‐fixed inputs to explore the productive and service efficiencies of tourist hotel formats (chained versus independent). In addition, a new approach is developed to decompose the technical inefficiency of the hotels within the meta‐frontier; this approach helps to identify the source of the meta‐frontier inefficiency. Demonstration of this new approach with practical data reveals that the average productive efficiency is greater than the average service efficiency for Taiwanese tourist hotels. Additionally, the causes of the overall productive inefficiency and the overall service inefficiency are mainly derived from the input excess of the productive process and the output shortfall of the service process, respectively.
Integrating probabilistic design and rare‐event simulation into the requirements engineering process for high‐reliability systems
Authors: Saling Kristin Graham , White K. Preston 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEarly in a program, engineers must determine requirements for system reliability and availability. We suggest that existing techniques gathered from diverse fields can be incorporated within the framework of systems engineering methodology to accomplish this. Specifically, adopting probabilistic (Monte Carlo) design techniques allows the designer to incorporate uncertainty explicitly into the design process and to improve the designer's understanding of the root causes of failures and how often these might realistically occur. In high‐reliability systems in which failure occurs infrequently, rare‐event simulation techniques can reduce the computational burden of achieving this understanding. This paper provides an introductory survey of the literature on systems engineering, requirements engineering, Monte Carlo simulation, probabilistic design, and rare‐event simulation with the aim of assessing the degree to which these have been integrated in systems design for reliability. This leads naturally to a proposed framework for the fusion of these techniques.
Predictive Factors for Relapse in Patients on Buprenorphine Maintenance
Authors: Ferri Michael , Finlayson Alistair J. Reid , Wang Li , Martin Peter R. 
Published: June 2013

Background and ObjectivesDespite the dramatic increase in the use of buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid dependence, clinical outcomes of this treatment approach continue to need evaluation. This study examines factors associated with relapse and retention during buprenorphine treatment in a sample of opioid dependent outpatients.MethodsIn a retrospective chart review of 62 patients with opioid dependence, relapse was determined by self‐report, urine toxicology screens, and by checking the state controlled substance monitoring database. Data was analyzed using two‐way tests of association and logistic regression.ResultsPatients with comorbid anxiety disorders, active benzodiazepine use (contrary to clinic policy), or active alcohol abuse, were significantly more likely to relapse. Patients who relapsed were also more likely to be on a higher buprenorphine maintenance dose.ConclusionThis study identifies relapse risk factors during buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence. Future research is needed to determine whether modifying these factors may lead to improved treatment outcomes. (Am J Addict 2014;23:62–67)