bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose disturbances in very low‐birthweight infants—Results from the prospective LIGHT study
Authors: Zamir Itay , Stoltz Sjöström Elisabeth , van den Berg Johannes , Berhan Yonas , Naumburg Estelle , Domellöf Magnus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo describe glucose homeostasis disturbances (dysglycaemia) in very low‐birthweight infants (<1500 g) during the admission period and explore associated risk factors.MethodsThe LIGHT (very low‐birthweight infants ‐ glucose and hormonal profile over time) study was a prospective observational cohort study that included 49 very low‐birthweight infants admitted to the tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Umeå, Sweden, during 2016–2019. All glucose concentrations (n = 3515) sampled during the admission period were registered.ResultsHyperglycaemia >10 mmol/L and hypoglycaemia <2.6 mmol/L were registered in 63% and 55% of the infants, respectively. Onset of dysglycaemia occurred almost exclusively in the first postnatal week. Hyperglycaemia followed 15% of corticosteroid doses given; all were preceded by pre‐existing hyperglycaemia. Pre‐existing hyperglycaemia was found in 66.7% of hyperglycaemic infants who received inotrope treatment. Upon commencement, 72.5% of antimicrobial treatments given were neither preceded nor followed by hyperglycaemia.ConclusionDysglycaemia was common in very low‐birthweight infants. Daily means of glucose concentrations seemed to follow a postmenstrual age‐dependent pattern, decreasing towards term age suggesting a postmenstrual age‐dependent developmental mechanism. The primary mechanism causing hyperglycaemia was independent of sepsis, and corticosteroid and inotrope treatments. No hypoglycaemia was registered during ongoing insulin treatment.
An empirical investigation of the mitigating effect of debt on overinvestment as shareholder rights vary
Authors: Chung Chune Young , Kim Daejin , Lee Junyoup 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the relationship between debt governance and overinvestment. We use net cash flows to debtholders as a proxy for debt governance and find that an increase in these cash flows mitigates firms' overinvestment. We also show that free cash flows lead cash‐rich and cash‐poor firms to overinvest but that debt governance attenuates this problem. Finally, we find that the mitigating effect of net cash flows to debtholders on overinvestment is highly pronounced in firms with poor governance. These findings suggest that net cash flows to debtholders are particularly effective when shareholder governance is weak. We conclude that cash flows to debtholders can effectively prevent overinvestment and reduce the agency costs of free cash flows.
Transmembrane and coiled‐coil 2 associates with Alzheimer's disease pathology in the human brain
Authors: Hopkins Paul C. R. , Troakes Claire , King Andrew , Tear Guy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTransmembrane and coiled‐coil 2 (TMCC2) is a human orthologue of the Drosophila gene dementin, mutant alleles of which cause neurodegeneration with features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). TMCC2 and Dementin further have an evolutionarily conserved interaction with the amyloid protein precursor (APP), a protein central to AD pathogenesis. To investigate if human TMCC2 might also participate in mechanisms of neurodegeneration, we examined TMCC2 expression in late onset AD human brain and age‐matched controls, familial AD cases bearing a mutation in APP Val717, and Down syndrome AD. Consistent with previous observations of complex formation between TMCC2 and APP in the rat brain, the dual immunocytochemistry of control human temporal cortex showed highly similar distributions of TMCC2 and APP. In late onset AD cases stratified by APOE genotype, TMCC2 immunoreactivity was associated with dense core senile plaques and adjacent neuronal dystrophies, but not with Aβ surrounding the core, diffuse Aβ plaques or tauopathy. In Down syndrome AD, we observed in addition TMCC2‐immunoreactive and methoxy‐X04‐positive pathological features that were morphologically distinct from those seen in the late onset and familial AD cases, suggesting enhanced pathological alteration of TMCC2 in Down syndrome AD. At the protein level, western blots of human brain extracts revealed that human brain‐derived TMCC2 exists as at least three isoforms, the relative abundance of which varied between the temporal gyrus and cerebellum and was influenced by APOE and/or dementia status. Our findings thus implicate human TMCC2 in AD via its interactions with APP, its association with dense core plaques, as well as its alteration in Down syndrome AD.
Structural modification of 2‐phenylquinoline‐4‐carboxylic acid containing SIRT3 inhibitors for the cancer differentiation therapy
Authors: Du Yanmei , Wang Xiaojing , Zhang Lihui , Qin Hongyu , Xu Guangzhao , Li Fahui , Fang Chunyan , Li Honggang , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInhibition of SIRT3 exhibited potency in triggering leukemic cell differentiation. In discovery of potent SIRT3 inhibitors for cancer differentiation therapy, structural modification was performed on the previously developed lead compound P6. A total of 33 compounds were designed and synthesized. In the enzyme inhibitory assay, several molecules S18, S26, S27 and T5 showed potent SIRT3 inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.53, 1.86, 5.06, and 2.88 μM, respectively. Moreover, the tested compounds exhibited SIRT3 inhibitory selectivity over SIRT1 and SIRT2. Compounds S27 and T5 were potent in inhibition the growth of MM1.S and RPMI‐8226 cells in the in vitro antiproliferative test. Significantly, representative compounds, especially S27 and T5, promoted differentiation of tested MM cells in the cellular morphological evaluation, accompanied by increasing the expression of differentiation antigen CD49e and human immunoglobulin light chain lambda and kappa. Additionally, molecule S18 without antiproliferative potency itself, showed significant inhibitory activity against growth factor IL‐6 induced RPMI‐8226 cell proliferation. Collectively, potent SIRT3 selective inhibitors with MM cell differentiation potency were developed for further discovery of anticancer drugs.
Synthesis and evaluation of di‐heterocyclic benzazole compounds as potential antibacterial and anti‐biofilm agents against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Aktekin Mine Buga , Oksuz Zehra , Turkmenoglu Burcin , Istifli Erman Salih , Kuzucu Mehmet , Algul Oztekin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCumulative escalation in antibiotic‐resistant pathogens necessitates the quest for novel antimicrobial agents, as current options continue to diminish bacterial resistance. Herein, we report the synthesis of di‐heterocyclic benzazole structures (12–19) and their in vitro evaluation for some biological activities. Compounds 16 and 17 demonstrated potent antibacterial activity (MIC = 7.81 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus, along with significant anti‐biofilm activity. Noteworthy is the capability of Compound 17 to inhibit biofilm formation by at least 50% at sub‐MIC (3.90 μg/mL) concentration. Furthermore, both compounds exhibited the potential to inhibit preformed biofilm by at least 50% at the MIC concentration (7.81 μg/mL). Additionally, Compounds 16 and 17 were examined for cytotoxic effects in HFF‐1 cells, using the MTT method, and screened for binding interactions within the active site of S. aureus DNA gyrase using in silico molecular docking technique, employing AutoDock 4.2.6 and Schrödinger Glidse programs. Overall, our findings highlight Compounds 16 and 17 as promising scaffolds warranting further optimization for the development of effective antibacterial and anti‐biofilm agents.
Scope‐of‐practice laws and the practice patterns of nurse practitioners and physician assistants
Authors: McMichael Benjamin J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractI evaluate whether nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) change how they practice when states relax the scope‐of‐practice laws governing these professions. I find little evidence that NPs or PAs begin providing specialty services following relaxation. Some evidence suggests that NPs specialize more in rural areas following the relaxation of scope‐of‐practice laws, but no indication that they do so generally. Overall, the evidence developed here suggests that NPs and PAs do not change how they care for patients following the relaxation of scope‐of‐practice laws, undermining patient safety arguments along these lines.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate slope and risk of primary and secondary major adverse cardiovascular events and heart failure hospitalization in people with type 2 diabetes: An analysis of the EXSCEL trial
Authors: Oulhaj Abderrahim , Aziz Faisal , Suliman Abubaker , Eller Kathrin , Bentoumi Rachid , Buse John B. , Al Mahmeed Wael , von Lewinski Dirk , Coleman Ruth L. , Holman Rury R. , Sourij Harald 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThe decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a significant predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), occurs heterogeneously in people with diabetes because of various risk factors. We investigated the role of eGFR decline in predicting CVD events in people with type 2 diabetes in both primary and secondary CVD prevention settings.Materials and MethodsBayesian joint modelling of repeated measures of eGFR and time to CVD event was applied to the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL) trial to examine the association between the eGFR slope and the incidence of major adverse CV event/hospitalization for heart failure (MACE/hHF) (non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, CV death, or hospitalization for heart failure). The analysis was adjusted for age, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure, baseline eGFR, antihypertensive and lipid‐lowering medication, diabetes duration, atrial fibrillation, high‐density cholesterol, total cholesterol, HbA1c and treatment allocation (once‐weekly exenatide or placebo).ResultsData from 11 101 trial participants with (n = 7942) and without (n = 3159) previous history of CVD were analysed. The mean ± SD eGFR slope per year in participants without and with previous CVD was −0.68 ± 1.67 and −1.03 ± 2.13 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The 5‐year MACE/hHF incidences were 7.5% (95% CI 6.2, 8.8) and 20% (95% CI 19, 22), respectively. The 1‐SD decrease in the eGFR slope was associated with increased MACE/hHF risks of 48% (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.12, 1.98, p = 0.007) and 33% (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.18,1.51, p < 0.001) in participants without and with previous CVD, respectively.ConclusionseGFR trajectories over time significantly predict incident MACE/hHF events in people with type 2 diabetes with and without existing CVD, with a higher hazard ratio for MACE/hHF in the latter group.
Associations of childhood and adulthood body size, and child‐to‐adult body size change with adult telomere length
Authors: Liu Qing , Fan Gaojie , Bi Jianing , Fang Qing , Luo Fei , Huang Xiaofeng , Li Heng , Liu Binghai , Yan Lianyan , Guo Wenwen , Wang Youjie , Song Lulu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo comprehensively examine the associations of childhood and adulthood body size, and child‐to‐adult body size change with adult leucocyte telomere length (LTL).MethodsWe included 453 602 participants from the UK Biobank. Childhood body size at the age of 10 years was collected through a questionnaire. Adulthood body size was assessed using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), fat mass index (FMI), and fat‐free mass index (FFMI).ResultsIndividuals with plumper body size in childhood exhibited shorter LTL in adulthood (−0.0086 [−0.0017, −0.0004]). Adulthood BMI (−0.0286 [−0.0315, −0.0258]), WC (−0.0271 [−0.0303, −0.0238]), WHR (−0.0269 [−0.0308, −0.0230]) and FMI (−0.0396 [−0.0438, −0.0351]) were negatively associated with LTL, whereas FFMI (0.0095 [0.0039, 0.0152]) was positively associated with LTL. Compared to individuals consistently having an average/normal weight in both childhood and adulthood, those who maintained or developed overweight/obesity from childhood to adulthood had a shorter adult LTL, regardless of childhood body size. Notably, the LTL shortening effect was not observed in individuals with plumper body size in childhood but normal weight in adulthood.ConclusionsChildhood and adulthood obesity are both associated with LTL shortening in adulthood. Transitioning to or maintaining overweight/obese status from childhood to adulthood is associated with shorter adult LTL, whereas this effect can be reversed if plumper children become normal weight.
Tanycyte radial morphology and proliferation are influenced by fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and high‐fat diet
Authors: Esteve N. Alex , Rogers Deborah J. , Stagray Jacob A. , Mayeux Holly , Nora Glenae , Huval Luke , Smith Karen Müller 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a widely expressed, membrane‐bound receptor that transduces extracellular signals from FGF ligands and cadherins, resulting in intracellular signals influencing cellular growth, proliferation, calcium, and transcription. FGF21 and FGF2 stimulate the proliferation of tanycytes, specialized radial astrocytes along the ventricle of the hypothalamus, and influence metabolism. Tanycytes are in a privileged position between the cerebrospinal fluid, the blood supply in the median eminence, and neurons within nuclei in the hypothalamus. The effect of FGFR1 signaling upon tanycyte morphology and metabolism was examined in adult mice with conditional deletion of the Fgfr1 gene using the Fgfr1flox/flox; Nestin‐Cre+ line. Loss of Fgfr1 resulted in shorter β tanycytes along the medial eminence. Control Fgfr1flox/flox littermates and Fgfr1flox/flox, Nestin‐Cre+ (Fgfr1 cKO) knockout mice were placed on a 1‐month long high‐fat diet (HFD) or a normal‐fat diet (NFD), to investigate differences in body homeostasis and tanycyte morphology under an obesity inducing diet. We found that FGFR1 is a vital contributor to tanycyte morphology and quantity and that it promotes stem cell maintenance in the hypothalamus and hippocampal dentate gyrus. The Fgfr1 cKO mice developed impaired tolerance to a glucose challenge test on a HFD without gaining more weight than control mice. The combination of HFD and loss of Fgfr1 gene resulted in altered β and α tanycyte morphology, and reduced stem cell numbers along the third ventricle of the hypothalamus and hippocampus.
Adsorption kinetics of organic phosphates on goethite and aluminium oxide: The equation used to describe the reaction
Authors: Asif S. K. M. D. , Debnath Abhijit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdsorption kinetics of three organic phosphate compounds (OPs) with varying molecular sizes and structures and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were investigated on α‐Al2O3 and poorly crystalline goethite. The organic phosphates were inositol hexaphosphate (IHP), glycerol phosphate (GlyP) and glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P), and the inorganic phosphate was KH2PO4. Batch adsorption experiments were performed at 25°C. We tested the sorption kinetic data using various non‐linear models/equations and on their transformed linear forms by applying appropriate statistics. Besides, we also used a modified non‐linear equation having four parameters to this effect. Data were found to fit best with the modified equation and described the whole sorption process satisfactorily. For sorption of compounds on to the surface of these minerals, the equation with four parameters may be used in contrast with many standard equations applied for kinetic studies in soils. Sorption was described to take place in two processes: a fast one that takes place in less than 45 min and a slow one that takes place in several hours or more. The rate of the slow process did not depend directly on the concentration of phosphate compounds in solution, but depended linearly on the amount of phosphate that was adsorbed during the fast process. These initially adsorbed ions carrying some amount of negative charge likely hindered the movement of subsequent adsorbate ions to the solid surface due to decreased surface potential. This caused the variation in fast and slow sorption rate constants. Sorption densities increased in the order, Pi >Gly P >G6P >IHP, which revealed that the sorption density and initial sorption rate of OPs decreased with increasing molecular weights of OPs.
Management of patients with neurological diseases considering post‐pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) related risks and dangers — An updated European Academy of Neurology consensus statement
Authors: Filipović Saša R. , Özturk Serefnur , Bereczki Daniel , Bodini Benedetta , Cavallieri Francesco , Fanciulli Alessandra , Guekht Alla , Helbok Raimund , Hochmeister Sonja , Martinelli Boneschi Filippo , Priori Alberto , Rakusa Martin , Romoli Michele , Willekens Barbara , Zedde Marialuisa , Sellner Johann , Moro Elena ,   the Neuro COVID‐19 Task Force of the European Academy of Neurology
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeIn October 2020, the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) consensus statement for management of patients with neurological diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic was published. Due to important changes and developments that have happened since then, the need has arisen to critically reassess the original recommendations and address new challenges.MethodsIn step 1, the original items were critically reviewed by the EAN COVID‐19 Task Force. In addition, new recommendations were defined. In step 2, an online survey with the recommendations forged in step 1 was sent to the Managing Groups of all Scientific and Coordinating Panels of EAN. In step 3, the final set of recommendations was made.ResultsIn step 1, out of the original 36 recommendations, 18 were judged still relevant. They were edited to reflect the advances in knowledge and practice. In addition, 21 new recommendations were formulated to address the new knowledge and challenges. In step 2, out of the 39 recommendations sent for the survey, nine were approved as they were, whilst suggestions for improvement were given for the rest. In step 3, the recommendations were further edited, and some new items were formed to accommodate the participants' suggestions, resulting in a final set of 41 recommendations.ConclusionThis revision of the 2020 EAN Statement provides updated comprehensive and structured guidance on good clinical practice in people with neurological disease faced with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. It now covers the issues from the more recent domains of COVID‐19‐related care, vaccine complications and post‐COVID‐19 conditions.
The European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and the limits to effective judicial protection in European Union law
Authors: Nicolosi Salvatore Fabio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe principle of effective judicial protection is a cornerstone of EU law which is predicated on the existence of a complete system of judicial remedies. However, with the expansion of the operational powers of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and the consequent fundamental rights concerns, this article challenges the assumption that the EU is based on such a complete system of remedies. By critically reviewing the judicial actions against Frontex before the Court of Justice, this article illustrates the limits to effective judicial protection for migrants attempting to enter the EU. It will be argued that the lack of an effective remedy suggests a violation of the right to good administration. Therefore, this article explores the potential of the bond between judicial protection and good administration to fix the loopholes within the emerging system of shared administration, in which EU agencies progressively interact with national competent authorities.
Retrospective study: Laser excision versus combined laser, cryosurgery and intralesional 5‐fluorouracil in the treatment of equine sarcoids
Authors: Offer Katie S. , Sutton David G. M. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBackgroundLaser excision is used routinely in the treatment of sarcoids but may be ineffective in cases where complete excision cannot be achieved. A multimodal approach is warranted in these cases. 5‐FU may improve the lethal effect of cryosurgery as an adjunct to laser excision.ObjectivesTo compare two treatment protocols for equine sarcoids, laser excision alone versus a combination protocol of laser excision, cryosurgery and 5‐FU chemotherapy. Factors associated with sarcoid recurrence are also investigated.Study designRetrospective case controlled study.ResultsEighty‐four horses with 168 histologically confirmed sarcoids were included, with a median follow‐up time of 39 months (IQR 21–62 months). Sarcoid recurrence at the treated site was reported in 38% of cases and in 23% of any individual sarcoid. No significant difference was demonstrated between treatment categories in either rate of sarcoid recurrence (p = 0.45 for any treated horse, p = 0.63 for individual sarcoid) or time to sarcoid recurrence (p = 0.73). Sarcoid recurrence was higher in horses with a greater number of sarcoids (OR 1.2 (1.0–1.5), p = 0.03); when treatment had been received prior to admission (OR 7.6 (2.0–33), p = 0.004). Horses with urogenital sarcoids or >1 mixed sarcoid experienced more rapid recurrence (HR 3.6 (1.3–10), p = 0.02 and HR 9.9 (3.3–30), p < 0.001) and recurrence was less rapid following the treatment of a horse's first sarcoid (HR 0.3 (0.1–0.7), p = 0.009).Main limitationsSignificant differences in case populations in each treatment category. Treatment selection was neither blinded nor randomised and missing data and recall bias limit the study's power. Sarcoid recurrence was owner reported.ConclusionsWhen assessing the likelihood of sarcoid recurrence, characteristics of both the individual patient and sarcoid phenotype must be considered carefully when selecting a specific treatment protocol.