bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Codeswitching und Crossing zum Gastarbeiterdeutsch als ethnolektale Merkmale der deutschmarokkanischen Chat-Kommunikation
Authors: Tahiri Naima 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper is a study of code-switching and crossing into “guest worker's” German in chat communication between female bilinguals of Moroccan background, who are the descendants of so-called “Gastarbeiter” (‘guest workers’). Code-switching and crossing can both be seen as manifestations of ethnolectal speech. Linguists pay little attention to the language use of the Moroccan community in Germany, whereas the language use of migrants with Turkish background is well-researched. The results of studies concerning the language use (especially about language alternation) of bilinguals with ethnic Turkish background are compared with the results of the present study. The most important results are the following: The chat communication of the bilingual Moroccan migrants is characterized by code-switching, which is restricted to pragmatically delimitable constituents (such as in the case of religious routine formulas, which are the focus of this analysis) and by crossing into “guest worker's” German, which manifests itself when the pronunciation of specific words are imitated. Whereas bilinguals with Moroccan background apparently prefer code-switching as type of language alternation, bilinguals with Turkish background display a preference for code-mixing in addition to code-switching. This result stands in accord with the study of Dorleijn and Nortier (2008), which investigated the language alternation of Turkish and Moroccan migrant groups in the Netherlands. It is supposed that bilinguals with Moroccan background show no code-mixing, because they are, with regard to their language of origin, a heterogeneous group (Berber and Arabs) and because Moroccan Arabic has lost, in diasporic context, its function as
A Tool to Measure Maturity of an Employee Suggestion Scheme
Authors: Lasrado Flevy , Gomišček Boštjan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Employee Suggestion Schemes have been used in organizations for a long time due to the fact that they enable fostering of creative ability of employees. However, they must be used effectively and in a sustainable manner to better the creativity and innovation capacity of organizations in order to improve competitive advantage. Therefore there is a need to understand the maturity of Employee Suggestion Schemes. This paper proposes a new, structured evaluation tool for assessing an organizational Employee Suggestion Scheme maturity. It suggests five building blocks: Leadership and Work Environment, System Capability, System Effectiveness, Organizational Encouragement and System Barriers, each of them characterized by several relevant indicators and an assessment/grading scale in order for an organization to be able to determine the maturity level of their Employee Suggestion Scheme as: Initial stage, Development stage or Advanced stage. Organizations should apply this tool to assess the maturity level of their Employee Suggestion Scheme and draw a roadmap for its improvements.
The Influence of Workers’ Health Status on Employers’ Decision-Making During Personnel Restructuring in a Typical Public Limited Enterprise in Slovenia / Vpliv Zdravstvenega Stanja Delavcev Na Odločanje Delodajalca Med Procesom Kadrovskega Prestrukturiranja Značilne Delniške Družbe V Sloveniji
Authors: Margan Andrea , Dodič-Fikfak Metoda 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Objectives. Alongside individual indicators of job performance, even workers’ health status could be a criterion for selection. The mechanisms for health selection are a reduction of productivity in relation to illness or certain health behaviour. The aim of the study was to establish how indicators of workers’ health status, which are accessible to the employer, influence the employer’s decision-making on which workers to retain and which to dismiss during personnel restructuring in the enterprise.
Methods. Due to a planned closure of a plant, the observed company began personnel restructuring which included a strategic decrease in the number of employees and the relocation of workers within the company. Two nested case control studies were conducted. The cases were divided into two groups and defined as follows: employees who were relocated and employees whose employment contract was terminated.
Results. The results show that the disability category and long-time sick leave exert the greatest influence on the employer’s decision on the selection of workers. Workers with work-related disability have lower odds to be relocated to a new workplace (OR=0.5; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.1) and higher odds to be dismissed (OR=6.51; 95% CI 3.33 to 12.72). The workers with a history of a long-time sick leave also have lower odds to be relocated (OR=0.31; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.88) and higher odds to be dismissed (OR=4.32; 95% CI 2.08 to 8.96).
Conclusions. Indicators of health which were accessible to the employer actually exerted influence on the employer’s decision-making, which could show a direct form of health selection.
Some Properties of The Solution of The Ramsey Model
Authors: Viaşu Ioana 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to improve some results obtained by Smith. We provide here a closed-form solution for the Ramsey model. We prove that if the inverse of the constant elasticity of intertemporal substitution is different to the elasticity of output with respect to physical capital, then the economy described by this model reaches the unique steady-state equilibrium, for any starting values of per-capita consumption. The advantage of the paper over the existing paper is that the arguments here are not local, that is, our hypotheses are most generally possible. Consequently, we can obtain almost all other results as particular cases of our solution. Our approach clarifies why different starting values of per-capita consumption generates the same steady-state equilibrium, but of different periods of time. We also clarifiy some of previous result obtained by other authors as for example Luca Guerrini.
Banking Integration and Efficiency Convergence in Baltic Countries in Post-Crisis Period
Authors: Popovici Mihăiţă-Cosmin 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We investigate banking efficiency in Baltic countries over the period 2007 - 2011 during one of the biggest financial crisis. The global economic crisis began in December 2007 with the loss of investor confidence in the U.S. securitized mortgages that led to a liquidity crisis that prompted a substantial injection of capital into financial markets by the U.S. Federal Reserve, the Bank of England and European Central Bank. Baltic countries joined the EU in 2004, during the largest wave of accession. Estonia is a member of the eurozone since 2011, Latvia since 2014 and Lithuania adopted euro in 2015. We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) - a nonparametric method in operations research and economics for the estimation of production frontiers. It is used to empirically measure productive efficiency of decision-making units (or DMUs) for a sample of banks in a highly concentrated banking system. The aim of the paper is to show the evolution of the banking efficiency in the Baltic countries over the period 2007 - 2011 by using Malmquist index. Our goal is to highlight the evolution of efficiency and we want to answer the research question “How banking efficiency evolved after the financial crisis?” Results show a slight improvement in banking efficiency over the period 2010 - 2011 due to improved management of the inputs, but further research is needed to gain a clearer picture of the phenomenon.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen über das Verhalten von Niob, Tantal und Protactinium gegenüber Ionenaustauschern
Authors: Keller Cornelius 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Das Ionenaustauschverhalten von Niob, Tantal und Protactinium wurde in verschiedenen Säuren als Funktion der Säurekonzentration, der Temperatur und des Vernetzungsgrades des Austauschers untersucht. Aus den Ergebnissen ist zu schließen, daß das Verhalten des Pa(V) in wäßriger Lösung übersichtlicher ist als das Verhalten von Nb(V) und Ta(V). Protactinium neigt in wäßriger Lösung weniger zur Hydrolyse als Niob und Tantal. Ein Kationenaustauscher adsorbiert die negativ geladenen Ionenspecies von Nb(V), Ta(V) und Pa(V) nur mit etwas geringeren Verteilungskoeffizienten als Anionenaustauscher. Für verschiedene Austauschvorgänge des Pa(V) werden die zugehörigen Enthalpie-, Entropie- und freien Energie-Werte berechnet.
Markierung von Alkoholen, Phenolen, Enolen, Carbonsäuren und Aminen mit Tritium im Gaschromatographen
Authors: Elias H. , Lieser K. H. , Sorg F. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Eine gaschromatographische Säule, die als stationäre Phase etwa 10% Sorbit auf Kieselgur enthält, wird mit Tritium-haltigem Wasser markiert; dabei erfolgt ein vollständiger Austausch des Hydroxyl-Wasserstoffes. Mit dieser Säule können solche organischen Verbindungen tritiert werden, die hinreichend aziden bzw. an hinreichend basischen Stickstoff gebundenen Wasserstoff enthalten (Alkohole, Phenole, Enole, Carbonsäuren, Amine) ; dabei werden relativ hohe spezifische Aktivitäten erreicht.
Review of a Single Contemporary Femoral Neck Fracture Fixation Method in Young Patients
Authors: Henari Shwan , Leonard Michael , Hamadto Mohammed , Cogley David 
Published: June 2015

An intracapsular femoral neck fracture in a young patient is a rare and difficult injury to manage. The occurrence of complications following fixation is multifactorial. Initial displacement and timing and accuracy of reduction are the key factors affecting outcome. The severities of the trauma to the hip and the impact of the intracapsular hematoma also play a role, the importance of which remains poorly understood.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the high incidence of femoral neck fractures treated in our institution over a 7-month period, to record the long-term outcome of these patients, all of whom were treated with contemporary methods of internal fixation, and to highlight the reasons for this injury being termed an “orthopedic emergency” and its differences from the same injury in the elderly population.
We performed a retrospective analysis of 12 cases of intracapsular femur neck fracture in patients younger than 50 years treated over 7 months in a regional trauma center. All patients underwent satisfactory reduction and fixation. Nine of the 12 patients had a good outcome at a mean follow-up of 29 months. One patient developed a nonunion of the femoral head requiring total hip arthroplasty, one developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and one developed partial avascular necrosis. This compares favorably with other studies.
L’avenir des emplois du déchet : le cas des ordures ménagères
Authors: Bertolini Gérard , Galmier Daniel , Nahon Thierry , Tauveron Albert 
Published: June 2015

Household refuse: the future of the employment.The paper synthesizes the results of a research for Région Rhône-Alpes, in relationship with Institut national de génie urbain de Lyon - Agence des Villes.The objective is to consider the possibilities of change concerning the jobs: do the new jobs, particularly in the frame of the development of separate collection of household waste, modify the content of the traditional jobs? Is de-compartmentalization possible?
Cet article synthétise les résultats d'une recherche pour la région Rhône-Alpes, en liaison avec l'Institut national de génie urbain de Lyon, devenu Agence des villes.Il vise à considérer les possibilités d'évolution des emplois ; en particulier, les emplois nouveaux, et les tâches nouvelles associées aux collectes sélectives, peuvent-ils faire évoluer le contenu des emplois traditionnels et permettre un décloisonnement ?
Caractérisation chimique, biologique et écotoxicologique des effluents hospitaliers
Authors: Evens Emmanuel , Blanchard Jean-Marie , Keck Gérard , Perrodin Yves 
Published: June 2015

This present study proposes to realize the biological, physico-chemical and ecotoxicological characterization of the hospital wastewater before their discharge in the municipal sewage system. Wastewater from the infectious diseases service of a french hospital have been collected and tested. A concentration of bacterian flora of 2,4x103/100 mL lower than that of the 108/100mL generally present in the municipal sewage system was deducted for the hospital wastewater. An average report BOD5 / COD of 0,43 was determined for these effluents. The tests of toxicity MICROTOX and Daphnie show that the hospital wastewater have a high toxicity. Polluting substances of hospitable origin were identified in the effluents of the STEP. This study suggest the treatment upstream of hospital wastewater before their discharge in the municipal sewage system.
Cette présente étude se propose de réaliser la caractérisation biologique, physico-chimique et écotoxicologique des effluents hospitaliers avant leur rejet dans le réseau d’assainissement communal. Une campagne de prélèvements a été réalisée sur les effluents du service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales d’un hôpital français. Une concentration en flore bactérienne de 2,4x103/100 mL, inférieure à celle de 108/100 mL généralement présente dans les rejets liquides communaux, a été décomptée pour les effluents hospitaliers. Un rapport DBO5/DCO moyen de 0,43 est déterminé pour ces effluents. Les tests de toxicité Microtox et Daphnie montrent que les effluents hospitaliers ont une toxicité élevée. L’étude propose le traitement en amont des eaux usées hospitalières avant leur rejet dans le réseau d’assainissement urbain.
Localisation d’une pollution au cuivre dans un réseau d’assainissement
Authors: Leichtnam Jean-Noël , Laurent Fabrice , de Franceschi Laurent 
Published: June 2015

Water treatment leads on the one hand to purified water and on the other hand to large amount of sludge. This by-product is representative of the quality of dirty water because it concentrates its metallic pollutants.Copper is a trace element essential for the growing of plants. But the soil must not contain too large amounts of this metal, because of its toxicity.This situation limits the re-use of the wastewater sludge in agriculture for Sogest’s water treatment plant "A". That’s why a new localisation method of copper pollution was developed in dirty water ducts, using the affinity of terrestrial bryophytes for copper.After a nine days accumulation period in the sewers, the bryophytes are mineralised and the product of this mineralisation is analysed by polarography, using the principle of anodic redissolution.A 300 ppm concentration of copper in the bryophyte is characteristic of a “non polluted” wastewater. Thanks to this method, we localize two places where the concentration of copper in the bryophyte is distinctly higher.
Le cuivre est un oligo-élément indispensable à la bonne croissance des végétaux. Néanmoins, le sol ne doit pas contenir une teneur trop élevée de ce métal, puisqu’il possède alors un effet toxique.Or, dans la station d’épuration "A", gérée par la Sogest, il apparaît que la valorisation agricole n’est plus possible à cause de ce métal. C’est dans le but de déterminer ses origines dans un réseau d’assainissement d’eaux usées mixtes que nous avons mis au point et appliqué une nouvelle méthode exploratoire. Celle-ci est basée sur l’affinité d’une mousse, le polytric élégant, vis à vis du cuivre.Grâce à cette méthode, nous avons été en mesure de déterminer une concentration en cuivre dans les mousses pour le réseau d’assainissement « non pollué » (300 ppm) et de localiser précisément deux sources de pollution.
Gestion des déchets dans les villes en développement : transfert, adaptation de schéma et sources de financement
Authors: Koledzi K. Edem , Baba Gnon , Agbebavi James , Koffi Demagna , Matejka Guy 
Published: June 2015

The urban solid waste management sector in Developing Countries encounters difficulties and great challenges. Scientific research data show that it is possible to control the waste management if the households or the first line actors are accountable or if the polluter pays. It appears from this study that the organization of the urban waste collection in Developing Countries may be inspired by what is practiced in Canadian cities, namely the City of Trois-Rivières, Quebec. Although the composition of their waste is not identical, the funding sources of waste could be mirrored. The structured subdivision and occupation of the territory and the availability of a municipal tax account to every citizen or household or home in Trois-Rivières facilitates the collection of the taxes and the fees to finance the waste management. The development, the implementation and the monitoring of regulations are also of great help to solve the management problems in this sector. On the basis of assets available to developing countries, a scenario to levy taxes for the urban salubrity or for the sustainable development could be based on some taxation vectors considered as priorities by the population, namely Mobile phone, electricity consumption, running water or oil products. So municipalities in developing countries can face their responsabilities in this area and get rid of the burden of some of external fundings.
La gestion des déchets rencontre des difficultés dans la plupart des PED. L’analyse des retours d’expérience révèle cependant que la mise en application du principe « pollueur – payeur » contribue à une meilleure maîtrise de cette gestion. Cette étude montre que l’organisation de la collecte des déchets municipaux à Lomé est similaire à celle de la ville de Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada. Bien que la composition des déchets ne soit pas identique, les modes de financement du secteur déchet de la ville de Trois-Rivières pourraient être transplantées à Lomé. L’organisation du territoire et la disposition de compte bancaire pour chaque citoyen à Trois-Rivières facilite le payement des taxes et des redevances liées à la gestion des déchets. Sur la base des atouts (réseaux de téléphonie mobile, compagnie électrique, réseaux d’eau potable) dont disposent le Togo, un scénario de prélèvement de taxe de développement durable pourrait être fixé sur les compagnies jugées de première importance par la population.
Evaluation du transfert des composés organiques des MIOM utilisés en sous-couche routière dans des ouvrages de construction récente
Authors: Badreddine Rabia , Drouadaine Ivan 
Published: June 2015

The management of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ashes (MSWI-BA) and their reuse in the road construction are controlled by the regulation of 1994, 9th May. The organic components as PolyChloroDibenzo-para-Dioxines (PCDD) and PolyChloroDibenzoFurannes (PCDF) are not taken into account by the regulation. In this study, two scenarios of MIOM recycling are investigated: the embankment and the subgrade layer. Investigations were conducted to determine the PCDD/PCDF content and profiles of different congeners in the MSWI-BA used in the road construction. The eventual release of these components in the underlying soil was also estimated to evaluate the impact on the environment. The auscultation were realized in two sites containing MSWI-BA produced in 2002 and 2003. The MSWI-BA from the recent incinerator has revealed a weak PCDD/PCDF content varying from of 6,6 to 20 ng I-TEQ/kg MS. The PCDD/PCDF content in the underlying soil are in the same order of magnitude than the content of the reference soils sampling out of the MSWI-BA influence and the soils sampled in the urban zone, indicating no transfer of PCDD/PCDF from MSWI-BA to surrounding soil.
La gestion des Mâchefers d'Incinération d'Ordures Ménagères (MIOM) et leur utilisation en technique routière est régie par les critères de la circulaire du 9 mai 1994 qui ne tiennent pas compte des composés organiques tels que les PolyChloroDibenzo-para-Dioxines (PCDD) et les PolyChloroDibenzoFurannes (PCDF). Dans cette étude deux scénarios de valorisation sont évalués: l'utilisation des MIOM en matériau de remblais de chaussée, et l'usage comme granulat de couche de fondation. Les investigations réalisées à l'échelle du site ont été menées en vue de déterminer les teneurs et les profils des congénères PCDD/PCDF dans les mâchefers d'incinération d'ordures ménagères utilisés en construction routière et la mobilité de ces composés vers le sol sous-jacent afin d'évaluer l'impact sur l'environnement. Les auscultations ont été réalisées dans deux ouvrages contenant des MIOM produits en 2002 et 2003. Ces MIOM, issus d'incinérateurs de conception récente, présentent des teneurs en PCDD/PCDF généralement faibles. Elles varient selon le site considéré de 6,6 à 20 ng-I-TEQ/kg MS. Les teneurs en PCDD/PCDF des sols sous-jacents aux MIOM utilisés en sous couche routière récents sont du même ordre de grandeur que les sols de références échantillonnés hors de l'influence des MIOM et que les sols prélevés en zone urbaine. Ces résultats indiquent une absence de transfert des PCDD/PCDF des MIOM vers les sols sous-jacents.
Valorisation des fluides de coupe usés: Partie I : cas des techniques membranaires
Authors: Laforest Valérie , Berguery Cathy , Malosse René , Bourgois Jacques 
Published: June 2015

http://www.pro-environnement.com/environnement/DST/valorisation-des-fluides-de-coupe-uses-partie-i-cas-des-techniques-membranaires-c41dbbdc3b9041i1423.htm
In order to regenerate used cutting fluid in mechanic industries, ultrafiltration has been studied firstly with a micro-emulsion (thin droplets) and secondly with a solution (less thin droplets). As well foreign oils as bacterial contamination are removed from the micro-emulsion, on the other hand, positive corrosion tests carried out on the filtrate do not allowed it reuse. On the other hand, filtrate obtained from the used cutting fluid solution can be reused as lubricant with some additive adds.
Dans le but de valoriser les fluides de coupe usés de l'industrie de la mécanique, un fluide de type microémulsion et un fluide de type solution ont été étudiés en ultrafiltration. Pour la microémulsion usée, l'ultrafiltration élimine les huiles étrangères et la contamination bactérienne, par contre les tests de corrosion positifs effectués sur le perméat obtenu rendent son utilisation impossible pour fabriquer une nouvelle microémulsion. Par contre, le perméat obtenu à partir du fluide de coupe usé de type solution peut être réutilisé comme lubrifiant après addition de certains additifs.
Pollution des sols moldaves par des pesticides organochlorés
Authors: Juc Liliana , Bouvet Yvette , Stratulat Tatiana 
Published: June 2015

High concentrations of HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) and DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) were found in moldavian soils. Elevated levels of organochlored pesticides correspond to soils situated near the storehouses. Soil presents great levels of HCH-isomers and DDT-isomers with a prevalence of α-HCH, β-HCH, pp’DDT and pp’DDE. Concentrations of total-DDTs determined in soils from the storehouses ranged from 0.03 to 118 mg/kg and the values of total-HCHs ranged from 0.07 to 1180 mg/kg. We have found the same molecules in agricultural soils situated near the warehouses but with lower concentrations of pesticides. Concentrations of total-DDTs browsed from 0.07 to 0.900 mg/kg and the total-HCHs was from 0.05 to 4.5 mg/kg. These results denote a possible recent input of HCHs and a decomposition of DDTs from “old sources” in soils of the samples areas.
Des concentrations elevées de HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) et DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) ont été trouvées dans les sols moldaves. Les taux les plus élevés correspondent aux sols proches des sources (ancien dépôt de stockage de produits chimiques) avec une prépondérance du pp’DDT, pp’DDE, α-HCH et β-HCH. Les concentrations dans les sols de la source sont comprises, pour le DDT-total, entre 0,03 et 113 mg/kg et pour le HCH-total entre 0,07 et 1800 mg/kg. Les sols agricoles proches des dépôts de stockage sont aussi pollués par les organochlorés, les mêmes molécules se retrouvant dans les échantillons de sols agricoles mais dans des concentrations plus basses. Le DDT-total varie entre 0,07-0,900 mg/kg et le HCH-total entre 0,05-4,5 mg/kg.