bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness of body weight by mothers and their children: repeated measures in a single cohort (EarlyBird 64)
Authors: Jeffery A. N. , Metcalf B. S. , Hosking J. , Mostazir M. B. A. , Voss L. D. , Wilkin T. J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundMothers often do not realize when their child is overweight. We aimed to compare mothers' perceptions of children's weight before and during puberty, and to explore factors at 7 years predicting recognition of overweight at 16 years.MethodsMothers of 237 children (136 boys) from the EarlyBird study estimated their own weight category and that of their child aged 7 years and 16 years. The children estimated their own weight category at 16 years. Annual measures: body mass index standard deviation score (BMIsds), per cent fat, physical activity. Pubertal development assessed by age at peak height velocity (APHV). Maternal measures: BMI, education, socio‐economic status.ResultsAt 7 years 21% of girls and 16% of boys were overweight or obese, rising to 27% and 22% respectively at 16 years. The accuracy of the mother's perception of her child's weight category improved from 44% at 7 years to 74% at 16 years, but they were less able to judge overweight in sons than daughters. The mothers' level of concern about overweight was greater for girls than boys, and increased for girls (52% mothers of overweight/obese girls were worried at 7 years, 62% at 16 years), but remained static in the boys (42% vs. 39%). Over 80% of the youngsters realized when they were overweight, but 25% normal‐weight girls also classed themselves as overweight. Only BMI predicted a mother's ability to correctly perceive her child's weight. Neither her awareness, nor concern, about the child's weight at 7 years had any impact on the trajectory of the child's BMI from 7 years to 16 years.ConclusionsParents are central to any successful weight reduction programme in their children, but will not engage while they remain ignorant of the problem. Crucially, any concern mothers may have about their child's excess weight at 7 years appears to have no impact on subsequent weight change.
Siblings, asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema: a worldwide perspective from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood
Authors: Strachan D. P. , Aït‐Khaled N. , Foliaki S. , Mallol J. , Odhiambo J. , Pearce N. , Williams H. C. ,   the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group
Published: June 2014

SummaryBackgroundAssociations of larger families with lower prevalences of hay fever, eczema and objective markers of allergic sensitization have been found fairly consistently in affluent countries, but little is known about these relationships in less affluent countries.MethodsQuestionnaire data for 210 200 children aged 6–7 years from 31 countries, and 337 226 children aged 13–14 years from 52 countries, were collected by Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Associations of disease symptoms and labels of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema were analysed by numbers of total, older and younger siblings, using mixed (multi‐level) logistic regression models to adjust for individual covariates and at the centre level for region, language and national affluence.ResultsIn both age groups, inverse trends (P < 0.0001) were observed for reported ‘hay fever ever’ and ‘eczema ever’ with increasing numbers of total siblings, and more specifically older siblings. These inverse associations were significantly (P < 0.005) stronger in more affluent countries. In contrast, symptoms of severe asthma and severe eczema were positively associated (P < 0.0001) with total sibship size in both age groups. These associations with disease severity were largely independent of position within the sibship and national GNI per capita.ConclusionsThese global findings on sibship size and childhood asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema suggest at least two distinct trends. Inverse associations with older siblings (observations which prompted the ‘hygiene hypothesis’ for allergic disease) are mainly a phenomenon of more affluent countries, whereas greater severity of symptoms in larger families is globally more widespread.
The potential role of direct and indirect bronchial challenge testing to identify overtreatment of community managed asthma
Authors: Manoharan A. , Lipworth B. J. , Craig E. , Jackson C. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryBackgroundAlthough airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a defining feature of asthma pathophysiology, bronchial challenge testing is not routinely used in primary care asthma management.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of direct (methacholine) and indirect (mannitol) challenge testing in community managed asthma.MethodsPatients currently treated for asthma from Tayside and Fife were identified by the Health Informatics Centre (HIC) and invited to take part in the study. At screening, the following tests were carried out: spirometry, methacholine and mannitol challenge, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO); Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) and Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ).ResultsA total of 3388 asthmatics were initially identified by HIC with 423 positive responses and 123 completing the study. Seventy percent had either a positive methacholine (PC20 < 8 mg/mL) or mannitol challenge (PD15 < 635 mg), and 30% were non‐responsive to both challenges. Fourteen percent of methacholine responders (n = 74) were negative to mannitol, and 16% of mannitol responders (n = 76) were negative to methacholine. Spirometry, FeNO, ACQ and AQLQ were significantly better in the non‐responder group who were exposed to high‐dose inhaled corticosteroids and frequent long‐acting beta‐agonists.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceWe found that 30% of unselected patients with community managed asthma were challenge negative and could be potentially misdiagnosed or overtreated, in turn suggesting the need for supervised step‐down.
Transanal ileoproctostomy is feasible in human cadavers
Authors: Polese L. , Lezoche E. , Porzionato A. , Lezoche G. , Da Dalt G. , Macchi V. , Stecco C. , De Caro R. , Norberto L. , Merigliano S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimAn ileorectal bypass performed entirely through a transanal route has recently been described in an animal model. The present study aimed to demonstrate its technical feasibility in four human cadavers.MethodA transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) device and endoscopic instruments were used. The principal steps of the procedure included insertion of the TEM device, rectostomy above the peritoneal reflection, peritoneoscopy using a standard gastroscope and delivery of the small bowel through the proctostomy to perform an anastomosis.ResultsThe procedure was successfully completed using transanal access in all cases. The mean procedure time was 90 min. The bypass was patent, and the anastomosis between the intraperitoneal rectum and the terminal ileum was leakproof.ConclusionTransanal ileoproctostomy is technically feasible in human cadavers. The procedure may become an alternative to stoma formation in selected patients with colonic obstruction.
Validation of the VE1 immunostain for the BRAFV600E mutation in melanoma
Authors: Pearlstein Michelle V. , Zedek Daniel C. , Ollila David W. , Treece Amanda , Gulley Margaret L. , Groben Pamela A. , Thomas Nancy E. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundBRAF mutation status, and therefore eligibility for BRAF inhibitors, is currently determined by sequencing methods. We assessed the validity of VE1, a monoclonal antibody against the BRAF V600E mutant protein, in the detection of mutant BRAF V600E melanomas as classified by DNA pyrosequencing.MethodsThe cases were 76 metastatic melanoma patients with only one known primary melanoma who had had BRAF codon 600 pyrosequencing of either their primary (n = 19), metastatic (n = 57) melanoma, or both (n = 17). All melanomas (n = 93) were immunostained with the BRAF VE1 antibody using a red detection system. The staining intensity of these specimens was scored from 0 to 3+ by a dermatopathologist. Scores of 0 and 1+ were considered as negative staining while scores of 2+ and 3+ were considered positive.ResultsThe VE1 antibody showed a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 100% as compared to DNA pyrosequencing results. There was 100% concordance between VE1 immunostaining of primary and metastatic melanomas from the same patient. V600K, V600Q, and V600R BRAF melanomas did not positively stain with VE1.ConclusionsThis hospital‐based study finds high sensitivity and specificity for the BRAF VE1 immunostain in comparison to pyrosequencing in detection of BRAF V600E in melanomas.
Dermatologic therapy in geriatric patients
Authors: Kratzsch Dorothea , Treudler Regina 
Published: June 2014

SummaryDemographic changes in our society will lead to an increasing proportion of elderly people. Age‐associated multimorbidity often results in polypharmacy and elevates the risk of adverse drug reactions. Decisive alterations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are detectable in old age, primarily a decrease in total body water, an altered ratio of muscle mass to fatty tissue, and decreased renal function. Changes in gastrointestinal transit, plasma protein binding, hepatic drug metabolism, and an increased susceptibility to drug‐induced cognitive decompensation have also been reported. All these alterations should be considered in geriatric dermatotherapy to minimize drug‐related complications caused by over‐ or underdosage and drug interactions.
Immune thrombocytopenia in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Hadjadj Jérôme , Michel Marc , Chauveheid Marie‐Paule , Godeau Bertrand , Papo Thomas , Sacre Karim 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveAutoimmune disorders, including immune cytopenia, are encountered in the setting of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). The aim of our study was to analyze the association of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).MethodsWe carried out a retrospective cohort study on 565 patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) followed in the French referral center for adult's immune cytopenia. A literature review using MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) was also performed.ResultsEight patients (5 male, 76.3 + 9.8 yr old) with ITP‐associated CMML were identified in our national cohort. Thirteen cases were reported in literature from 1984 to 2013. Mean age was 65.3 ± 18.5 yr. Sex ratio (M/F) was 1/0.6. ITP unveiled CMML in all but four cases (17/21; 80.9%). ITP occurred in the setting of low‐grade CMML in all cases, with neither reported progression nor acute myeloid leukemia transformation during follow‐up. Overall, karyotype analysis revealed cytogenetic abnormalities in six cases (6/16; 37.5%). ITP had a chronic course in most cases and shares, according to the low level of bleeding complications and the high response rate to treatment such as corticosteroids and splenectomy, the usual characteristics of primary ITP.ConclusionAlthough the association of a well‐defined ITP and CMML is rare, our study suggests that CMML‐associated ITP should be treated according to current guidelines for primary ITP.
Ecology and conservation of Pseudolestes mirabilis (Odonata: Zygoptera), a damselfly endemic to Hainan Island of China
Authors: Zhu Gengping , Yu Xin , Bu Wenjun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlthough some efforts have addressed oriental dragonfly conservation, knowledge on the ecology and geographic distribution of such dragonflies remains scant. The phoenix damselfly Pseudolestes mirabilis Kirby, 1900 is the single species in the family Pseudolestidae that is endemic to Hainan Island of China. This damselfly was recommended by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature to be of priority for further study and conservation. In this work, we use ecological niche modeling techniques to estimate the dimensions of the realized niches of this damselfly and to predict its potential distribution. Our findings suggest that the phoenix damselfly possessed a small climate space characterized by low temperature and high precipitation. Highly suitable areas are mainly distributed in the low‐altitude regions of southern central tree‐covered mountains in Hainan. Caution is warranted when considering the potential habitat loss attributed to human activity and climate change.
Intraguild predation by Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on native insects in Europe: molecular detection from field samples
Authors: Brown Peter Michael James , Ingels Brecht , Wheatley Angela , Rhule Emma L. , de Clercq Patrick , van Leeuwen Thomas , Thomas Alison 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntraguild predation (IGP) is a potential mechanism of negative effects on native species populations by invasive non‐native species such as Harmonia axyridis. Molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction) were used to probe for the presence of various insect (coccinellid, syrphid and chrysopid) prey DNA in the guts of 177 H. axyridis larvae field‐collected in England, France, Germany, Slovakia and the Czech Republic in 2010. Three of the four target prey species were detected in the guts of H. axyridis at the following rates: Adalia decempunctata 9.6%, Adalia bipunctata 2.8% and Episyrphus balteatus 2.8%. IGP on Chrysoperla carnea was not detected. IGP detection of at least one target species was made in England, France, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, but not in Germany. These results strengthen the evidence that H. axyridis is a very generalist predator. Results are discussed in the context of their ecological significance.
Risk of epilepsy among patients with atopic dermatitis: A nationwide longitudinal study
Authors: Chen Mu‐Hong , Wu Yi‐Hui , Su Tung‐Ping , Chen Ying‐Sheue , Hsu Ju‐Wei , Huang Kai‐Lin , Li Cheng‐Ta , Lin Wei‐Chen , Chang Wen‐Han , Chen Tzeng‐Ji , Bai Ya‐Mei 
Published: June 2014

SummaryObjectiveBoth atopic dermatitis and epilepsy have been regarded as chronic inflammatory diseases. However, their association has yet to be investigated.MethodsUsing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 35,312 patients with atopic dermatitis but without a history of epilepsy, and 35,312 age‐/gender‐matched controls were enrolled between 1998 and 2008, and followed to the end of 2011 to identify the development of epilepsy.ResultsSubjects with atopic dermatitis had a higher incidence of developing epilepsy (0.94 vs. 0.27/1,000 person‐years, p < 0.001) than the control group. The Cox regression model showed that atopic dermatitis increased the risk of developing epilepsy (hazard ratio [HR] 2.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23–3.82) after adjusting for demographic data and medical comorbidities. Sensitivity tests showed consistent findings (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.68–2.96) after excluding the first year of observation. In addition, asthma (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.04–1.72) and allergic rhinitis (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.04–1.73) were related to the risk of epilepsy.SignificanceSubjects with atopic dermatitis were associated with an increased risk of developing epilepsy in later life. Further studies would be needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
The Effect of Communication Change on Long‐term Reductions in Child Exposure to Conflict: Impact of the Promoting Strong African American Families (ProSAAF) Program
Authors: Beach Steven R. H. , Barton Allen W. , Lei Man Kit , Brody Gene H. , Kogan Steven M. , Hurt Tera R. , Fincham Frank D. , Stanley Scott M. 
Published: June 2014

African American couples (n = 331) with children, 89% of whom were married, were assigned to either (a) a culturally sensitive couple‐ and parenting‐enhancement program (ProSAAF) or (b) an information‐only control condition in which couples received self‐help materials. Husbands averaged 41 years of age and wives averaged 39 years. We found significant effects of program participation in the short term on couple communication, which was targeted by the intervention, as well as over the long term, on self‐reported arguing in front of children. Long‐term parenting outcomes were fully mediated by changes in communication for wives, but not for husbands. For husbands, positive change depended on amount of wife reported change. We conclude that wives' changes in communication from baseline to posttest may be more pivotal for the couples' long‐term experience of decreased arguing in front of children than are husbands' changes, with wives' changes leading to changes in both partners' reports of arguments in front of children.
Treatment Persistence and Switching in Triptan Users: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Messali Andrew J. , Yang Mo , Gillard Patrick , Tsai Kimberly , Tepper Stewart J. , Bloudek Lisa M. , Kori Shashidhar H. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review to evaluate persistence to and switching of triptan therapy for the acute treatment of migraine.BackgroundMigraine affects over 12% of adults in Western countries and an estimated 36 million people in the United States. Triptans are an abortive treatment option in patients with moderate to severe migraine. Despite the safety and efficacy of triptans reported in clinical trials, observational studies have consistently demonstrated low persistence to therapy and frequent switching among products over time.MethodsThe following databases were researched: Medline, CENTRAL, and EMBASE. Detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria were specified a priori before conducting abstract and full‐text screening. Included studies were required to: (1) report triptan use for migraine treatment; (2) report measures of persistence and/or switching patterns; (3) study migraineurs aged 18 years or older; and (4) conduct an observational study. Studies were excluded if they (1) incorporated interventional study design; (2) lack information or relevance to outcome of interest; (3) were not original research; (4) did not clearly state the results; and (5) were not written in English. Abstracts and full‐text articles were reviewed independently by two investigators.ResultsOut of 595 studies identified, 380 studies were included for abstract screening. A total of 12 articles met the eligibility criteria after full‐text screening of 44 studies, including four studies from reference search. The proportion of patients that remained persistent up to six refills of an index triptan ranged from 3.2% to 12.6% and the proportion of patients that never refilled their index triptan ranged from 38% to 65.8%. In addition to those patients who discontinued, several studies reported that 5‐9% of newly initiating triptan users switch to a different triptan before refilling their original medication. Finally, several studies reported the 1‐year probability of discontinuation among a general group of triptan users (not limited to treatment naïve patients) to be between 30% and 60%.ConclusionsTriptans can be a valuable option for acute treatment of migraine. However, studies have shown that treatment persistence is low. This, along with frequent switching behaviors, suggests that a significant unmet clinical need remains despite the wide availability of triptans.
Pitfalls of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy: A comparison of positive surgical margins between robotic and laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Tozawa Keiichi , Yasui Takahiro , Umemoto Yukihiro , Mizuno Kentaro , Okada Atsushi , Kawai Noriyasu , Takahashi Satoru , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesTo compare the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy, including the frequency and location of positive surgical margins.MethodsThe study cohort comprised 708 consecutive male patients with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (n = 551) or robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (n = 157) between January 1999 and September 2012. Operative time, estimated blood loss, complications, and positive surgical margins frequency were compared between laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.ResultsThere were no significant differences in age or body mass index between the laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy patients. Prostate‐specific antigen levels, Gleason sum and clinical stage of the robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy patients were significantly higher than those of the laparoscopic radical prostatectomy patients. Robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy patients suffered significantly less bleeding (P < 0.05). The overall frequency of positive surgical margins was 30.6% (n = 167; 225 sites) in the laparoscopic radical prostatectomy group and 27.5% (n = 42; 58 sites) in the robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy group. In the laparoscopic radical prostatectomy group, positive surgical margins were detected in the apex (52.0%), anterior (5.3%), posterior (5.3%) and lateral regions (22.7%) of the prostate, as well as in the bladder neck (14.7%). In the robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy patients, they were observed in the apex, anterior, posterior, and lateral regions of the prostate in 43.0%, 6.9%, 25.9% and 15.5% of patients, respectively, as well as in the bladder neck in 8.6% of patients.ConclusionsPositive surgical margin distributions after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy are significantly different. The only disadvantage of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy is the lack of tactile feedback. Thus, the robotic surgeon needs to take this into account to minimize the risk of positive surgical margins.
Incidence and Type of Meniscal Injury and Associated Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes in Dogs Treated Surgically for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease
Authors: Ritzo Meghan E. , Ritzo Brandon A. , Siddens Adrienne D. , Summerlott Stephanie , Cook James L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate factors related to meniscal pathology and their effect on clinical outcome in dogs treated for cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease.Study DesignProspective cross‐sectional study.AnimalsDogs (n = 163) with CCL disease (n = 223 stifles).MethodsCCL disease was treated by (1) arthroscopy and TightRope (TR) stabilization; (2) arthroscopy and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO); or (3) open arthrotomy and TPLO. Incidences of concurrent and subsequent meniscal tears, meniscal treatments, mid‐(6 months) and long‐(>1 year) term outcomes by owner assessment were compared among surgical treatment groups.ResultsConcurrent meniscal tears were diagnosed in 83% of stifles assessed by arthroscopy and 44% of stifles assessed by arthrotomy, with concurrent tear diagnosis being 1.9 times more likely by arthroscopy than arthrotomy (P < .001). Incidence of diagnosis of subsequent meniscal tears was 6.7% with median time to diagnosis of 5.8 months. Differences in proportion of subsequent meniscal tears among treatment groups were not significant (P = .69). Subsequent meniscal tears were diagnosed in 21% of cases without concurrent meniscal tears, but only 1.3% of cases with concurrent meniscal tears (P < .001). Cases treated with meniscal release did not have subsequent meniscal tears, whereas dogs not treated with meniscal release had a subsequent meniscal tear rate of 11% (P = .0013). Cases diagnosed and treated for concurrent meniscal tears were 1.3 times more likely to have a successful long‐term outcome (P = .007).ConclusionsCCL surgical technique did not affect subsequent meniscal tear rate or mid‐term or long‐term functional outcomes, whereas diagnosis and treatment of concurrent meniscal tears did significantly affect both.