bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of treatments for chronic spontaneous urticaria with inadequate response to licensed first‐line treatments
Authors: Mitchell Sarah , Balp Maria‐Magdalena , Samuel Miny , McBride Doreen , Maurer Marcus 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) are sometimes unresponsive to nonsedating, second‐generation, H1 antihistamines; this study summarizes published clinical evidence for patients who remain symptomatic despite treatment.ObjectiveTo evaluate, via a systematic literature review, clinical evidence of management strategies for patients with CSU who remain symptomatic despite approved use of nonsedating H1 antihistamines.MethodsUsing a prespecified protocol, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library (1 January 1960–20 December 2011), and published conference abstracts (2010–2012). Rigorous criteria identified trials in patients with CSU who had a history of inadequate response to previous treatment or had used combination treatments. Trials evaluating treatment‐naïve patients or first‐line therapies were excluded.ResultsQualitative data synthesized from 26 randomized, controlled trials, four prospective studies, and one retrospective study showed cyclosporine, desloratadine plus dapsone or dipyridamole, montelukast, and omalizumab reduced urticaria activity scores, weals, and pruritus, versus placebo. Optimal treatment doses and durations were unclear due to varying trial durations, outcome measurement scales, and assessment timings. No safety concerns were reported.ConclusionsThis review confirms that available evidence to guide treatment choice for patients with CSU with inadequate response to H1 antihistamines varies in quality. Further research is warranted due to low‐quality trials with methodological and reporting limitations.
Infant Recognition of Hebrew Vocalic Word Patterns
Authors: Segal Osnat , Keren‐Portnoy Tamar , Vihman Marilyn 
Published: December 2014

The ability of infants to recognize phonotactic patterns in their native language is widely acknowledged. However, the specific ability of infants to recognize patterns created by nonadjacent vowels in words has seldom been investigated. In Semitic languages such as Hebrew, groups of multisyllabic words are identical in their nonadjacent vowel sequences and stress position but differ in the consonants interposed between the vowels. The goals of this study were to assess whether infants learning Hebrew show a preference for (1) a nonadjacent vocalic pattern or template, common in Hebrew nouns (CéCeC), over a nonattested nonadjacent vocalic pattern (CóCoC), and (2) a nonadjacent vocalic pattern common in Hebrew words (CaCóC) over an existing but less common pattern (CaCéC). Twenty Hebrew‐learning infants aged 8 to 11 months were presented with lists of nonsense words featuring the first two patterns (Experiment 1), and 20 were presented with nonsense words featuring the second two patterns (Experiment 2). The results showed longer listening to CéCeC than to CóCoC lists and to CaCóC than to CaCéC lists, suggesting that infants recognized the common nonadjacent vocalic patterns in both cases. The study thus demonstrates that Hebrew‐learning infants are able to disregard the intervening consonants within words and generalize their vocalic pattern to previously unheard nonwords, whether this pattern includes identical or different vowels and regardless of the rhythmic pattern of the word (trochaic or iambic). Analysis of the occurrence of the relevant vowel patterns in input speech in three Hebrew corpora (two addressed to children and one to adults) suggests that exposure to these patterns in words underlies the infants' preferences.
How do children view other children who have visible enamel defects?
Authors: Craig Sally A. , Baker Sarah R. , Rodd Helen D. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundFacial and dental appearance influences how individuals are perceived by others.AimThis study aimed to determine whether young people make judgements about other young people with visible enamel opacities.DesignFocus group findings were used to develop a social attribute questionnaire to capture young people's dental appearance‐related judgements. 547 pupils (aged 11–15 years), from two different schools, participated in the study. Half the participants were given full‐face photographs of a boy and girl without an enamel defect, and the other half were given the same two photographs with the subjects' incisors digitally modified to show enamel opacities. Participants completed the attribute questionnaire to rate the photographic subjects according to six positive and five negative descriptors using a four‐point Likert scale. The total attribute score (TAS) could range from 11 (most negative) to 44 (most positive).ResultsTAS was significantly lower for photographic subjects with enamel defects compared to the same subject with normal enamel appearance (P < 0.001, one sample t‐test). Gender had a significant impact on TAS, with boys making more negative judgements than girls. Age and socio‐economic status did not have an effect.ConclusionYoung people may make negative psychosocial judgements on the basis of enamel appearance.
A High‐Temperature Neutron Diffraction Study of Nb2AlC and TiNbAlC
Authors: Bentzel Grady W. , Lane Nina J. , Vogel Sven C. , An Ke , Barsoum Michel W. , Caspi El'ad N. 
Published: December 2014

Herein, we report on the crystal structures of Nb2AlC and TiNbAlC—actual composition (Ti0.45,Nb0.55)2AlC—compounds determined from Rietveld analysis of neutron diffraction patterns in the 300–1173 K temperature range. The average linear thermal expansion coefficients of a Nb2AlC sample in the a and c directions are, respectively, 7.9(5) × 10−6 and 7.7(5) × 10−6 K−1 on one neutron diffractometer and 7.3(3) × 10−6 and 7.0(2) × 10−6 K−1 on a second diffractometer. The respective values for the (Ti0.45,Nb0.55)2AlC composition—only tested on one diffractometer—are 8.5(3) × 10−6 and 7.5(5) × 10−6 K−1. These values are relatively low compared to other MAX phases. Like other MAX phases, however, the atomic displacement parameters (APDs) show that the Al atoms vibrate with higher amplitudes than the Ti and C atoms, and more along the basal planes than normal to them. When the predictions of the APDs obtained from density functional theory are compared to the experimental results, good quantitative agreement is found for the Al atoms. In case of the Nb and C atoms, the agreement was more qualitative.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest During Sex in Patients with Either Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia or Long‐QT Syndrome: A Rare But Shocking Experience
Authors: LOAR ROBERT W. , BOS J. MARTIJN , CANNON BRYAN C. , ACKERMAN MICHAEL J. 
Published: December 2014

Sudden Cardiac Arrest During Sex in Cardiac ChannelopathiesBackgroundPatients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and long‐QT syndrome (LQTS) are susceptible to cardiac events during sympathetic nervous system activation. Herein, we sought to determine the risk of cardiac events associated with sex in CPVT and LQTS patients.Methods and ResultsWe reviewed the electronic medical record of patients seen in the Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic. There were 445 patients ≥18 years diagnosed with LQTS (N = 402, age at diagnosis 30 ± 16 years) or CPVT (N = 43, age at diagnosis 25 ± 15 years). No sex‐induced cardiac events occurred in the LQTS population, and 2 occurred in the CPVT population. Sex‐induced events were more likely in CPVT (2/43, 4.7%) than LQTS (0/402, 0%, P = 0.008). One case involved a 22‐year‐old CPVT1 female with prior cardiac arrest, who experienced several appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks during intercourse while taking β‐blockers. The second case was a 52‐year‐old CPVT1 male with history of recurrent exercise‐triggered syncope, who had syncope during sex in the setting of β‐blocker noncompliance. Extrapolating from published estimates of intercourse frequency by age, the overall event rate was only 0.0004%, and 0.005% among the CPVT cohort.ConclusionsPotentially life‐threatening cardiac events during sex in patients with CPVT are rare and even rarer in LQTS. Overall, the cardiac event per intercourse rate is extremely low. Patients and their partners should be reassured that sex is a low‐risk activity from a cardiac standpoint.
Dietary intake in infants with complex congenital heart disease: a case–control study on macro‐ and micronutrient intake, meal frequency and growth
Authors: Hansson L. , Öhlund I. , Lind T. , Stecksén‐Blicks C. , Rydberg A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundChildren with severe congenital heart disease (CHD) need considerable nutritional support to reach normal growth. The actual intake of macro‐ and micronutrients in outpatient CHD infants over a 6‐month period in infancy is not described in the literature. The present study aimed to prospectively investigate the distribution between macro‐ and micronutrient intake, meal frequency and growth in children with CHD.MethodsAt 6, 9 and 12 months of age, a 3‐day food diary and anthropometric data were collected in 11 infants with severe CHD and 22 healthy age‐ and feeding‐matched controls. Macro‐ and micronutrient intake, meal frequency and growth were calculated.ResultsCompared to the healthy controls, CHD infants had a statistically significantly higher intake of fat at 9 months of age (4.8 versus 3.6 g kg−1day−1), a higher percentage energy (E%) from fat, (40.6% versus 34.5%) and a lower E% from carbohydrates (46.1% versus 39.6%) at 12 months of age, and a lower intake of iron (7.22 versus 9.28 mg day−1) at 6 months of age. Meal frequency was significantly higher at 6 and 9 months of age (P < 0.01). Mean Z‐score weight for height, weight for age and body mass index for age were significant lower (P < 0.01) at all time points.ConclusionsDespite a higher intake of energy from fat and a higher meal frequency, the intake does not meet the needs for growth, and the results may indicate a low intake of micronutrients in CHD infants.
Dental fluorosis in the Blue Mountains and Hawkesbury, New South Wales, Australia: policy implications
Authors: Bal Ikreet S. , Dennison Peter J. , Evans R. Wendell 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to determine whether the adjustment of the fluoride concentration to 1 ppm in the drinking water supplied to the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia in 1993 was associated with fluorosis incidence.MethodsIn 2003, children attending schools in the Blue Mountains and a control region (fluoridated in 1967) that had been randomly selected at baseline in 1992 were examined for dental fluorosis (maxillary central incisors only) using Dean's index. A fluoride history for each child was obtained by questionnaire. Associations between fluorosis and 58 potential explanatory variables were explored.ResultsThe response rate was 63%. A total of 1138 children aged from 7 to 11 years with erupted permanent central incisors were examined for dental fluorosis. Fluorosis prevalence was the same in both regions. The Community Index of Dental Fluorosis values were slightly different, but were both above 0.6, indicative of public health concern.ConclusionsFor the group as a whole, we concluded that: (a) fluorosis prevalence (0.39) in both regions was similar; and (b) the higher‐than‐expected prevalence and severity of fluorosis was due mainly to two factors: (a) the higher‐than‐optimal fluoride level in drinking water; and (b) swallowing of fluoride toothpaste in early childhood.
Impact of periodontal status on oral health‐related quality of life among police personnel in Virajpet, India
Authors: Abhishek Kanuvanaghatta N. , Jain Jithesh , Shamarao Supreetha , Khanapure Sneha C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to determine the association between oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and periodontal status among police personnel in Virajpet, India.MethodsPolice personnel were randomly selected from the 296 police staff working in Virajpet, India. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect information on their demographics and dental visit behavior, and to determine their OHRQoL. The community periodontal index (CPI) and loss of attachment were used to assess periodontal status.ResultsAll 72 invited participants joined this study. The majority (n = 133) had good OHRQoL. For those with a good OHRQoL, 74 had CPI = 0, 25 had CPI = 1, 20 had CPI = 2, and 14 had CPI ≥ 3. For those who had an average or poor OHRQoL (n = 37), 19 had CPI = 0, one had CPI = 1, eight had CPI = 2, and nine had CPI ≥ 3. There was a statistically‐significant association between OHRQoL and CPI (P < 0.003). Most participants with good OHRQoL (127/133), but only less than half with an average or poor OHRQoL (22/37), had no loss of periodontal attachment (P < 0.0001).ConclusionIn the present study, there was an association between OHRQoL and periodontal status among police personnel in Virajpet, Coorg.
Effects of propofol and sevoflurane on isolated human umbilical arteries pre‐contracted with dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline
Authors: Gunduz Ergun , Arun Oguzhan , Bagci Sengal Taylan , Oc Bahar , Salman Alper , Yilmaz Setenay Arzu , Celik Cetin , Duman Ates 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo assess the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on the contraction elicited by dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline on isolated human umbilical arteries.MethodsUmbilical arteries were cut into endothelium‐denuded spiral strips and suspended in organ baths containing Krebs–Henseleit solution bubbled with O2+CO2 mixture. Control contraction to phenylephrine (10−5 M) was recorded. Response curves were obtained to 10−5 M dopamine, 10−5 M adrenaline or 10−5 M noradrenaline. Afterwards, either cumulative propofol (10−6 M, 10−5 M and 10−4 M) or cumulative sevoflurane (1.2%, 2.4% and 3.6%) was added to the organ bath, and the responses were recorded. Responses are expressed percentage of phenylephrine‐induced contraction (mean ± standard deviation) (P < 0.05 = significance).ResultsPropofol and sevoflurane elicited concentration‐dependent relaxations in strips pre‐contracted with dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline (P < 0.05). Highest (10−4 M) concentration of propofol caused significantly higher relaxation compared with the highest (3.6%) concentration of sevoflurane in the contraction elicited by dopamine. High (10−5 M) and highest concentrations of propofol caused significantly higher relaxation compared with the high (2.4%) and highest concentrations of sevoflurane on the contraction elicited by adrenaline. High and highest concentrations of sevoflurane caused significantly higher relaxation compared with the high and highest concentrations of propofol on the contraction elicited by noradrenaline.ConclusionDopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline elicit contractions in human umbilical arteries, and noradrenaline causes the highest contraction. Both propofol and sevoflurane inhibit these contractions in a dose‐dependent manner. Propofol caused greater relaxation in the contractions elicited by dopamine and adrenaline while sevoflurane caused greater relaxation in the contraction elicited by noradrenaline.
Molar tubal ectopic pregnancy: Report of two cases
Authors: Mbarki Chaouki , Jerbi Emna , Hsayaoui Najeh , Zouari Fatma , Ben Brahim Ehsen , Oueslati Hedhili 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEctopic molar pregnancy is a rare occurrence and consequently not often considered as a diagnostic possibility. We report two cases of molar hydatidiform tubal pregnancy. Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was confirmed on clinical biological and sonographic investigations. Diagnosis of molar pregnancy was done on histopathology. The clinical course was favorable for both patients. Although rare, molar changes can occur at any site of an ectopic pregnancy. Clinical diagnosis of a molar pregnancy is difficult but histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosis.
Carotid Ultrasonography Can Identify Stroke Patients Ineligible for Intravenous Thrombolysis Therapy due to Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Hama Yuka , Koga Masatoshi , Tokunaga Keisuke , Takizawa Hotake , Miyashita Kotaro , Iba Yutaka , Toyoda Kazunori 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTAcute aortic dissection is the most common acute aortic condition requiring urgent surgical therapy. Due to lack of typical symptoms, it is sometimes difficult to identify acute aortic dissection causing ischemic stroke. We report a case of a patient with acute ischemic stroke who was deemed ineligible for intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment based on a finding of acute aortic dissection detected by carotid ultrasonography. After urgent aortic replacement surgery, the patient recovered with no neurological deficit. This case underscores the crucial role of carotid ultrasonography for the investigation of possible underlying acute aortic dissection when considering the use of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy for hyperacute stroke.
Symptomatic Spinal Migration of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage due to Ruptured Intradural Vertebral Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Ovalı Gülgün Yılmaz , Adam Gürhan , Çınar Celal , Bozkaya Halil , Çallı Cem , Kitiş Ömer , Oran İsmail 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTA 55‐year‐old patient was admitted to the hospital with severe acute back pain. Thoracolumbar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed hemorrhage in subarachnoidal‐subdural space. On cranial MR imaging and MR angiography, an aneurysm was suspected in the V4 segment of the right vertebral artery. Angiography showed a fusiform dissecting aneurysm in the V4 segment of right vertebral artery. The final diagnosis was ruptured V4 segment aneurysm with subsequent symptomatic migration of hemorrhage into the spinal subarachnoidal‐subdural space. The patient was treated endovascularly by coil occlusion of both the aneurysm and vertebral artery. This rare cause and possible mechanisms for spinal migration of intracranial hemorrhage after aneurysmal rupture is discussed.
Monitoring of Short‐Term Erythropoietin Therapy in Rats with Acute Spinal Cord Injury Using Manganese‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Freitag Martin Thomas , Márton Gábor , Pajer Krisztián , Hartmann Jens , Walder Nadja , Rossmann Markus , Parzer Peter , Redl Heinz , Nógrádi Antal , Stieltjes Bram 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo evaluate the short‐term outcome of erythropoietin (EPO) therapy in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) using manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI).METHODSRats were divided in an EPO and a control group. Laminectomy at Th11 was performed, followed by SCI. MnCl2 was applied into the cisterna magna and functional recovery was examined after injury using BBB‐scoring. Then, rats were euthanized and the spinal cord was extracted for MEMRI. Finally, histological analysis was performed and correlated with MEMRI.RESULTSEPO‐treated animals showed significantly better functional recovery (P = .008, r = .62) and higher mean signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in MEMRI compared to controls for slices 10‐13 (P = .017, R2 = .31) at the level of the lesion epicenter. Functional recovery correlated significantly with higher SNR values, determined using the mean SNR between slices 10 and 13 (P = .047, R2 = .36). In this region, histology revealed a significantly decreased number of microglia cells and apoptosis in EPO‐treated animals.CONCLUSIONMEMRI successfully depicts the therapeutic effect of EPO in early SCI that leads to a significant recovery in rats, a significantly reduced immune response and significantly reduced number of apoptotic cells at the height of the lesion epicenter.
Incidental Diagnosis of Cerebral Cortical Venous Thrombosis in Postdural Puncture Headache on Brain Computed Tomography
Authors: Humbertjean Lisa , Ducrocq Xavier , Lacour Jean‐Christophe , Mione Gioia , Richard Sébastien 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTDiagnosis of cerebral cortical venous thrombosis in patients with postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is usually secondary to changes in headache pattern or cerebral infarctions. Nevertheless, incidental discovery of asymptomatic forms on brain imaging has never been reported before and its management thus remains ill‐defined. We describe 2 cases of patients with asymptomatic cortical vein thrombosis in the context of PDPH. In both cases, brain computed tomography (CT) scans showed an isolated cortical vein thrombosis without cerebral damage. Neurological examination revealed the typical orthostatic feature of PDPH, independently of cortical vein thrombosis which was considered as a radiological incidental finding. Clinical and radiological signs resolved after bed rest, oral caffeine, and anticoagulation therapy. Asymptomatic cortical vein thrombosis may be found on radiological exploration, even basic like brain CT scan without contrast, of PDPH. Utility of anticoagulation therapy, which could increase the risk of cerebral hemorrhagic complications in this specific context, has to be assessed.
Suppression of Stress Responses in Siberian Sturgeon, Acipenser baeri, Juveniles by the Dietary Administration of Bovine Lactoferrin
Authors: Falahatkar Bahram , Eslamloo Khalil , Yokoyama Saichiro 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary lactoferrin (LF) on growth and stress responses of juvenile Siberian sturgeon. Fish were fed six experimental diets (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg LF/kg diet) for 10 wk. At the end of the experiment, fish were exposed to an acute stressor of 2‐min air exposure. The levels of cortisol, glucose, and lactate were measured before and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h after stress. LF supplementation did not influence the fish growth. Cortisol and lactate, but not glucose level, were significantly affected by dietary LF. Cortisol levels in the control group rose twofold 1 h after stress and were significantly higher than that in LF groups. Moreover, the lowest level of cortisol at all sampling times (prestress and poststress) was observed in fish fed 400 mg LF/kg diet. Lactate concentrations in sturgeon fed 400 mg LF/kg markedly rose 1 h after stress, albeit changes in other LF groups were not significant. Results of this study show that dietary LF can suppress the stress responses in Siberian sturgeon, while 400 mg LF/kg diet appears to be an effective dietary level for this species to reduce stress.
Evaluation of Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles from Different Grain Sources as Dietary Protein for Hybrid Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (♀) × Oreochromis aureus (♂)
Authors: Welker Thomas L. , Lim Chhorn , Klesius Phillip , Liu Keshun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe effects of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from different sources on growth performance, hematology, and immunity of hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus, were evaluated. Sex‐reversed, all‐male hybrid tilapia (3.72 ± 0.08 g initial weight) were fed diets in which 30% of protein in the control diet, supplied by a combination of soybean meal (SBM) and corn meal (CM) (SBM : CM ratio = 1.8), was replaced by wheat DDGS (WtDDGS), sorghum DDGS (SDDGS), whiskey DDGS (WkDDGS), or one of three corn DDGS (CDDGS 1–3) sources (control and six experimental diets) for 10 wk. Tilapia were stocked at 30 fish per aquaria (three aquaria per diet). Growth of tilapia fed diets containing DDGS sources was similar to or better than the control diet, and no nutritional deficiencies were observed. Tilapia fed the CDDGS 2 and 3 sources showed superior weight gain. Improved growth appeared to be caused by an increase in feed intake and not due to improvements in dietary nutritional value. Hematology and immunity were not affected by DDGS source. It is concluded that DDGS from all the sources examined can be included in the diet of juvenile hybrid tilapia at about 30% as a replacement of one‐third protein from SBM‐CM mixture without adverse effects.