bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of immunoregulatory genes and its relationship to lead exposure and lead-mediated oxidative stress in wild ungulates from an abandoned mining area
Authors: Rodríguez-Estival Jaime , de la Lastra José M. Pérez , Ortiz-Santaliestra Manuel E. , Vidal Dolors , Mateo Rafael 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic metal that can induce oxidative stress and affect the immune system by modifying the expression of immunomodulator-related genes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between Pb exposure and the transcriptional profiles of some cytokines, as well as the relationship between Pb exposure and changes in oxidative stress biomarkers observed in the spleen of wild ungulates exposed to mining pollution. Red deer and wild boar from the mining area studied had higher spleen, liver, and bone Pb levels than controls, indicating a chronic exposure to Pb pollution. Such exposure caused a depletion of spleen glutathione levels in both species and disrupted the activity of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting the generation of oxidative stress conditions. Deer from the mining area also showed an induced T-helper (Th)–dependent immune response toward the Th2 pathway, whereas boar from the mining area showed a cytokine profile suggesting an inclination of the immune response toward the Th1 pathway. These results indicate that environmental exposure to Pb may alter immune responses in wild ungulates exposed to mining pollution. However, evidence of direct relationships between Pb-mediated oxidative stress and the changes detected in immune responses were not found. Further research is needed to evaluate the immunotoxic potential of Pb pollution, also considering the prevalence of chronic infectious diseases in wildlife in environments affected by mining activities. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:876–883. © 2013 SETAC
Integrated analysis of genome‐wide copy number alterations and gene expression in microsatellite stable, CpG island methylator phenotype‐negative colon cancer
Authors: Loo Lenora W. M. , Tiirikainen Maarit , Cheng Iona , Lum‐Jones Annette , Seifried Ann , Church James M. , Gryfe Robert , Weisenberger Daniel J. , Lindor Noralane M. , Gallinger Steven , Haile Robert W. , Duggan David J. , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Casey Graham , Le Marchand Loïc 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMicrosatellite stable (MSS), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)‐negative colorectal tumors, the most prevalent molecular subtype of colorectal cancer, are associated with extensive copy number alteration (CNA) events and aneuploidy. We report on the identification of characteristic recurrent CNA (with frequency >25%) events and associated gene expression profiles for a total of 40 paired tumor and adjacent normal colon tissues using genome‐wide microarrays. We observed recurrent CNAs, namely gains at 1q, 7p, 7q, 8p12‐11, 8q, 12p13, 13q, 20p, 20q, Xp, and Xq and losses at 1p36, 1p31, 1p21, 4p15‐12, 4q12‐35, 5q21‐22, 6q26, 8p, 14q, 15q11‐12, 17p, 18p, 18q, 21q21‐22, and 22q. Within these genomic regions we identified 356 genes with significant differential expression (P < 0.0001 and ±1.5‐fold change) in the tumor compared to adjacent normal tissue. Gene ontology and pathway analyses indicated that many of these genes were involved in functional mechanisms that regulate cell cycle, cell death, and metabolism. An amplicon present in >70% of the tumor samples at 20q11‐20q13 contained several cancer‐related genes (AHCY, POFUT1, RPN2, TH1L, and PRPF6) that were upregulated and demonstrated a significant linear correlation (P < 0.05) for gene dosage and gene expression. Copy number loss at 8p, a CNA associated with adenocarcinoma and poor prognosis, was observed in >50% of the tumor samples and demonstrated a significant linear correlation for gene dosage and gene expression for two potential tumor suppressor genes, MTUS1 (8p22) and PPP2CB (8p12). The results from our integration analysis illustrate the complex relationship between genomic alterations and gene expression in colon cancer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution loss of heterozygosity screening implicates PTPRJ as a potential tumor suppressor gene that affects susceptibility to non‐hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Aya‐Bonilla Carlos , Green Michael R. , Camilleri Emily , Benton Miles , Keane Colm , Marlton Paula , Lea Rod , Gandhi Maher K. , Griffiths Lyn R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe employed a Hidden‐Markov‐Model (HMM) algorithm in loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data from Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) entities, follicular lymphoma (FL), and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This revealed a high frequency of LOH over the chromosomal region 11p11.2, containing the gene encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J (PTPRJ). Although PTPRJ regulates components of key survival pathways in B‐cells (i.e., BCR, MAPK, and PI3K signaling), its role in B‐cell development is poorly understood. LOH of PTPRJ has been described in several types of cancer but not in any hematological malignancy. Interestingly, FL cases with LOH exhibited down‐regulation of PTPRJ, in contrast no significant variation of expression was shown in DLBCLs. In addition, sequence screening in Exons 5 and 13 of PTPRJ identified the G973A (rs2270993), T1054C (rs2270992), A1182C (rs1566734), and G2971C (rs4752904) coding SNPs (cSNPs). The A1182 allele was significantly more frequent in FLs and in NHLs with LOH. Significant over‐representation of the C1054 (rs2270992) and the C2971 (rs4752904) alleles were also observed in LOH cases. A haplotype analysis also revealed a significant lower frequency of haplotype GTCG in NHL cases, but it was only detected in cases with retention. Conversely, haplotype GCAC was over‐representated in cases with LOH. Altogether, these results indicate that the inactivation of PTPRJ may be a common lymphomagenic mechanism in these NHL subtypes and that haplotypes in PTPRJ gene may play a role in susceptibility to NHL, by affecting activation of PTPRJ in these B‐cell lymphomas. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nuclear remodeling of telomeres in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Samassekou Oumar , Hébert Josée , Mai Sabine , Yan Ju 
Published: January 2013

AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematologic cancer characterized by the proliferation of myeloid cells and the translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, [t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2)]. At the chronic phase (CP), CML cells present longer telomeres than at the other clinical phases, display arm‐specific maintenance of individual telomere lengths, and are chromosomally stable. We asked whether an alteration of nuclear organization of telomeres, which is associated with genomic instability, occurs in CML cells at the CP. We used fluorescent in situ hybridization of telomeres combined with three‐dimensional (3D) quantification to study the nuclear telomeric architecture of CML cells at the CP. We found that cells can exhibit high telomere numbers, different telomere distributions, and alterations in peripheral or central nuclear location of telomeres. Also, we show that CML cells can be categorized in two groups according to the number of their telomere aggregates (TAs). We propose that the presence of high TAs in some samples is associated with the increased genomic instability and could be an indication of the clinical transitional phase. Also, alterations of nuclear organization of telomeres at the CP confirm that nuclear remodeling of telomeres can occur at an early clinical stage of a cancer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactive Template Synthesis of Polypyrrole Nanotubes for Fabricating Metal/Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Xianghong , Zhang Lixue , Cao Bingqiang , Wu Shihua 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUnique nanocomposites of polypyrrole/Au and polypyrrole/Pt hybrid nanotubes are synthesized employing polypyrrole (PPy) nanotubes as an advanced support by solution reduction. The conducting polymer PPy nanotubes are fabricated by using pre‐prepared MnO2 nanowires as the reactive templates. MnO2 nanowires induce the 1D polymerization of pyrrole monomers and the simultaneous dissolution of the templates affords the hollow tube‐like structure. The loading content of metal nanoparticles in the nanocomposites could be adjusted by simply changing the amount of metal precursors. This work provides an efficient approach to fabricate an important kind of metal/conducting polymer hybrid nanotubes that are potentially useful for electrocatalyst and sensor materials.
Adoption of Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty at Hospital for Special Surgery: A Cohort Study
Authors: Su Edwin P. , Su Sherwin L. 
Published: January 2013

Background Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) is an alternative to traditional total hip replacement (THR) that allows for the preservation of femoral bone. It is a more technically difficult procedure that has led some researchers to report an unsatisfactory learning curve (Berend et al., J Bone Joint Surg Am Suppl 2:89–92, 2011 ; Mont et al., Clin Orthop Relat Res 465:63–70, 2007 ). Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the adoption of HRA at our institution, examining the clinical results, revision rate, and modes of failure. Additionally, a comparison of three different implant systems was performed. Methods A retrospective review of a consecutive series of HRA performed at our institution between the years 2004 and 2009 was carried out. A total of 820 HRA with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up were included in the study. The majority of included patients were males (70%), with osteoarthritis (92%). The average age was 49.8 years, and the mean BMI was 27.5 kg/m2. Results The average Harris hip score improved from 61 to 96.5 postoperatively. Thirteen revisions (1.6%) were performed for femoral neck fracture, femoral head osteonecrosis, acetabular loosening, metal reactivity/metallosis, and metal allergy. The overall Kaplan–Meier survival curve with revision surgery as an endpoint showed 98.5% survival at 5 years. There were no observable differences in clinical scores or revision rates between the different implant systems. Conclusions HRA can be successfully adopted with a low complication rate, given careful patient selection, specialized surgical training, and use of good implant design.
Effect of Pelvic Osteotomy in the Skeletally Immature on Acetabular Coverage
Authors: Al-Moussa Sulaiman , Moroz Paul , Beaulé Paul E. 
Published: January 2013

Background Although pelvic osteotomy in children has been effective in re-establishing containment of the hip joint, its impact on hip joint development with respect to acetabular coverage is ill defined. Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of acetabular overcoverage in patients who had pelvic osteotomy during childhood and its impact on patient function. Patients and Methods Between 1980 and 2008, all patients who had a pelvic osteotomy done at our institution for non-neuropathic hip dysplasia (DDH) or secondary to Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (LCP) prior to skeletal maturity were reviewed. A clinical assessment and the WOMAC, UCLA Activity Score, Marx activity score, and SF-36 quality-of-life questionnaires were completed. A standardized AP pelvic X-ray was performed to determine the acetabular coverage, signs of retroversion, and degenerative changes. Results Twenty-eight patients (32 hips) were identified, of which 14 (9 DDH, 5 LCP) agreed to participate. Impingement sign was positive in eight patients (six DDH, two LCP). Crossover and ischial spine signs were each present in ten hips. Tonnis grades were: 0 in 1 hip, 1 in 10 hips, 2 in 2 hips, and 3 in 1 hip. The mean Tonnis angle was 11.6 ± 8.6°. The mean CE angle was 24.0 ± 15.9° with six hips having a CE angle <20° and one hip with a CE angle >40°. There was no correlation between crossover sign or ischial sign and Tonnis grade ( p = 0.739), hip pain ( p = 0.520), or impingement sign ( p = 1.00). Conclusions Acetabular overcoverage is common in patients who underwent pelvic osteotomy during childhood. No correlation was identified between retroversion and hip pain in our patient cohort.
Labral Refixation: Current Techniques and Indications
Authors: Philippon Marc J. , Briggs Karen K. , Fagrelius Teddy , Patterson Dianna 
Published: January 2013

Background Labral tears have been associated with femoroacetabular impingement, instability, sports-related activity or trauma, capsular laxity or hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. Disruption of the labrum increases the rate of acetabular cartilage compression and the contact stress between the femoral and acetabular cartilage. If left untreated, these lesions will alter normal hip joint function and may eventually lead to osteoarthritis. Methods For the labrum with adequate tissue (>7 mm), the labrum is repaired if it is detached or torn. If the labrum is bruised, a rim reduction and repair is performed, especially in the presence of cartilage damage and the labral–chondral junction. Labri are debrided only if there is enough substance to maintain the function of the labrum. Care must be taken to fix the labrum so that it provides adequate seal with the femoral head. Results Two-year outcome on 122 patients who underwent arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement and chondrolabral dysfunction showed that, overall, most patients showed an improvement in symptoms and function and were satisfied with the results. Independent predictors of improved outcomes were joint space >2 mm and repair of labral pathology instead of debridement. Several other studies have shown excellent results following labral refixation and repair. Conclusions Labral tears have been associated with femoroacetabular impingement, instability, sports-related activity or trauma, capsular laxity or hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. Untreated labral tears can result in premature osteoarthritis of the hip. Debridement only used to be the standard of care, but excellent results reveal arthroscopic labral repair and refixation are an option with good outcomes.
The Development and Validation of a More Discriminating Functional Hip Score for Research
Authors: Konan Sujith , Tahmassebi Jenni , Haddad Fares S. 
Published: January 2013

Background Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a commonly performed procedure with increasing frequency in the young adult. While most available outcome measures can document postoperative improvement in pain and function, they do not measure the ability to perform high-demand activities. Questions/Purposes We present and validate a user-friendly discriminating hip scoring system (the functional hip score) for use in younger, “high-demand” patients undergoing hip arthroplasty surgery. Methods We studied 38 subjects without any hip symptoms and 72 patients undergoing THA for osteoarthritis of the hip. Preprocedure and postprocedure scores were collected in the latter cohort of patients. SF-36 and WOMAC scores were used to validate our functional scoring system. The functional hip score was tested for internal consistency, reliability, and criterion validity. Results The functional hip score had high test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and criterion validity. This can be used to measure functional outcome in the younger high-demand adult patient undergoing THA. Conclusion Our discriminating functional hip score can reliably measure improvement in hip function in the younger high-demand adult. Current scoring systems have ceiling effects and are unable to differentiate a high performing hip replacement from the routine hip replacement. The use of functional tasks that are measured objectively allows better documentation of improvement in hip function.
Caution Should be Taken in Performing Surgical Hip Dislocation for the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement in Patients over the Age of 40
Authors: Boone G. R. , Pagnotto M. R. , Walker J. A. , Trousdale R. T. , Sierra R. J. 
Published: January 2013

Background Open and arthroscopic procedures are treatment options for patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Age has been found to be a predictive factor in the outcome of patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for hip dysplasia. It is unclear if older age contraindicates joint preservation through a surgical hip dislocation (SHD). Questions/Purpose The purpose of this retrospective case series was to evaluate the short-term outcomes of patients over 40 years of age without radiographic evidence of end-stage arthritis who underwent SHD for the treatment of FAI and to determine whether older age should be a contraindication for joint-preserving procedures in these patients. Our specific aims included (1) documenting the intraoperative findings and procedures, (2) assessing pain relief provided, and (3) assessing treatment failures and postoperative complications, noting the number of patients that ultimately required total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients and Methods All patients at age 40 and older who had SHD for the treatment of FAI were identified from a series of patients treated with SHD. Clinical notes, radiographs, and operative reports were reviewed to determine clinical results, complications, and the need for additional procedures. The minimum follow-up was 1 year (mean 3.9 years; range 1–8 years). Results At final follow-up, 11/22 (50%) of hips had pain relief, while 11/22 (50%) either continued having significant symptoms or required THA. Five (23%) reported nontrochanteric pain symptoms that were the same or worse than before surgery, and six hips (27%) underwent subsequent THA). The average time between SHD and THA was 1.9 years (0.9–6.2). The average age of patients who went on to require THA was 45 (42–50) years. Conclusions Surgical hip dislocation can be used for the treatment of FAI in patients over age 40, but strict selection criteria should be adhered to, as only half of the patients experienced significant improvement in their hip pain. THA was required in one-third of hips for continued pain and radiographic progression of arthritis. SHD for treatment of pathology that is not amenable to hip arthroscopy should remain a surgical option in older patients with FAI only if joint degeneration is not present.
Simultaneous versus Staged Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hussain Nasir , Chien Teresa , Hussain Farrah , Bookwala Ammar , Simunovic Nicole , Shetty Vijay , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: January 2013

Background An important source of debate in many orthopaedic practices is the choice of performing simultaneous or staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Questions/Purpose The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare simultaneous bilateral with staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty for peri-operative complication rates, infection rates and mortality outcomes. Methods All relevant citations were retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE databases and the unpublished literature. Included studies were assessed for methodological quality and abstracted data was conducted independently by two reviewers. Data was categorized into subgroups and pooled using the DerSimonian and Laird's random effects model. Results A total of 18 articles were identified from 873 potentially relevant titles and selected for inclusion in the primary meta-analyses. The incidence of mortality was significantly higher in the simultaneous group at 30 days (RR [relative risk] 3.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68–8.02, p = 0.001, I2 = 59%, n = 67,691 patients), 3 months (RR 2.45, 95% CI 2.15–2.79, p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%, n = 66,142 patients) and 1 year (RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.66–2.06, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%, n = 65,322 patients) after surgery. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in regards to in-hospital mortality rates (R 1.18, 95% CI 0.74–1.88, p = 0.48, I2 = 0%, n = 33,814 patients). In addition, there was no increased risk of deep vein thrombosis, cardiac complication, and pulmonary embolism or infection rates in either comparison group. Conclusions The results of the analysis suggest that simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty has a significantly higher rate of mortality at 30 days, 3 months and 1 year after surgery, but similar infection and complication rates in comparison to staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty.
Thrombophilic Abnormalities in Patients with or without Pulmonary Embolism following Elective Spinal Surgery
Authors: Kotwal Suhel , Kawaguchi Satoshi , Hughes Alexander , Cammisa Frank , Zhang Kai , Salvati Eduardo , Girardi Federico 
Published: January 2013

Background Significance of the thrombophilic abnormalities in development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been studies with total hip arthroplasty and acute traumatic spinal cord injury. However, their role as risk factors for VTE in elective spinal surgery remains to be determined. Questions/Purposes To determine the role of thrombophilic abnormalities in the development of pulmonary embolism (PE) following elective spine surgery. Methods Case and control groups were created in patients who had undergone elective spinal surgery for degenerative conditions. The PE group comprised 12 patients whose post-operative course was complicated by development of PE. The control group included 12 patients with an uneventful post-operative course. Demographic data including age, gender and surgical procedures were matched between the PE group and the control group. Both groups were evaluated for thrombophilic and hypofibrinolytic risk factors at 3 months post-operatively or later. Blood tests were performed to measure fasting serum homocysteine, antithrombin III, and protein C. Molecular genetic testing was conducted for detection of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/4G, and prothrombin 3 UTR gene mutations. Results Heterozygous mutation (G20201A) of prothrombin was detected in two patients (16.7%) in the PE group, whereas no such mutation was noted in the control group. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/4G homozygous mutation was seen in three in the PE group and two in the control group. Of homocysteine, antithrombin III and protein C, only one patient in each group showed abnormal levels of homocysteine. In total, there half of the patients in the PE group had at least one thrombophilic abnormality, whereas three (25%) patients showed such abnormality in the control group. Conclusion These findings suggest the involvement of thrombophilic abnormalities, especially the heterozygous G20201A mutation, in the development of PE in patients undergoing elective spinal surgery.