bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with increased bleeding post‐endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: Qumseya Bashar J. , Wolfsen Christianne , Wang Yize , Othman Mohammad , Raimondo Massimo , Bouras Ernest , Wolfsen Herbert , Wallace Michael B. , Woodward Timothy 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveOur aim was to identify patient and procedure characteristics that correlate with increased likelihood of bleeding during and after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), and thus anticipate the need for preventative therapy.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational, descriptive study using a prospective EMR database, performed in a tertiary‐care center. A total of 935 EMR of various locations within the gastrointestinal tract were collected. The main outcome measurement was early bleeding (occurring during the procedure) and delayed bleeding (occurring after the completion of the procedure and up to 30 days after).ResultsEarly bleeding occurred in 5.3% (50/935) of the procedures. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, esophageal EMR (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5, P = 0.0009) and increase in lesion size (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.1–1.5, P = 0.003) were both associated with higher odds of early bleeding in EMR when controlling for age, gender and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)/clopidogrel use. Delayed bleeding occurred after 3.1% (n = 29) of the procedures. Of these, 86.2% (25/29) required hospital admission and endoscopic intervention to confirm and/or treat bleeding site. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, increased lesion size (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.5, P = 0.004) was associated with higher incidence of delayed bleeding post‐EMR.ConclusionsIn experienced hands bleeding during and after EMR appears to be uncommon. Larger lesions are at increased risk of early and delayed bleeding.
Efficient distinction of invasive aquatic plant species from non‐invasive related species using DNA barcoding
Authors: Ghahramanzadeh R. , Esselink G. , Kodde L. P. , Duistermaat H. , van Valkenburg J. L. C. H. , Marashi S. H. , Smulders M. J. M. , van de Wiel C. C. M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBiological invasions are regarded as threats to global biodiversity. Among invasive aliens, a number of plant species belonging to the genera Myriophyllum, Ludwigia and Cabomba, and to the Hydrocharitaceae family pose a particular ecological threat to water bodies. Therefore, one would try to prevent them from entering a country. However, many related species are commercially traded, and distinguishing invasive from non‐invasive species based on morphology alone is often difficult for plants in a vegetative stage. In this regard, DNA barcoding could become a good alternative. In this study, 242 samples belonging to 26 species from 10 genera of aquatic plants were assessed using the chloroplast loci trnH‐psbA, matK and rbcL. Despite testing a large number of primer sets and several PCR protocols, the matK locus could not be amplified or sequenced reliably and therefore was left out of the analysis. Using the other two loci, eight invasive species could be distinguished from their respective related species, a ninth one failed to produce sequences of sufficient quality. Based on the criteria of universal application, high sequence divergence and level of species discrimination, the trnH‐psbA noncoding spacer was the best performing barcode in the aquatic plant species studied. Thus, DNA barcoding may be helpful with enforcing a ban on trade of such invasive species, such as is already in place in the Netherlands. This will become even more so once DNA barcoding would be turned into machinery routinely operable by a nonspecialist in botany and molecular genetics.
The Histological Appearance of the Proximal Aspect of the Dorsal Condylar Sagittal Ridge of the Third Metacarpal and Metatarsal Bone in Young Warmblood Horses: Normal Appearance and Correlation with Detected Radiographic Variations
Authors: Hauspie S. , Forsyth R. , Vanderperren K. , Declercq J. , Martens A. , Saunders J. H. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe objective of this study is to describe the normal histological appearance of the dorsoproximal aspect of the sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone in young Warmblood horses, and to compare it to the different radiographic variations (irregular, indentation, lucency, notch) described at this level. A total of 25 metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joints of 12 Warmblood horses were used. Five samples of each radiographically described group were selected for histological processing. Each category was compared with the normal control group. Each group showed a bone cortex, covered by hyaline cartilage and longitudinally aligned collagen fibres covered by loosely organized connective tissue proximally. The normal and irregular group showed a smooth bone cortex. In the indentation and lucency group, a depression in the cortex was detected. The notch group presented an expansion of the cortex. The collagen fibres and connective tissue were located in the depression in the indentation group whereas the location varied in the lucency and notch group. The radiologic detected differences are translated into detectable histological differences. Further research is warranted to determine whether these variations are developmental or congenital and to evaluate their potential influence on the joint function during hyperextension.
Possible influence of increased riparian activity (stream modification and agricultural intensification) on abundance of South African otters
Authors: Kubheka Skumbuzo P. , Rowe‐Rowe David T. , Alletson Jake D. , Perrin Michael R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOtters are threatened by habitat loss and the pollution of their riverine habitat. Environmental impacts on top predators are often the first indication of habitat deterioration. It is rare for predator‐prey‐habitats to be monitored over long time intervals (decades), however necessary that may be. Here, we report on the decline in otter relative abundance in a previously pristine habitat and speculate on its causes. We surveyed sign of coexisting otters (Aonyx capensisandLutra maculicollis) along a river in Kamberg Nature Reserve inuKhahlamba Drakensberg Park, KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. The area, Stillerust, lies downstream of a commercial dairy farm and a rural village–subsistence farming area. Data collected recently were compared with two previous surveys, carried out in 1972–1974 and 1993–1994, and were also compared with a pristine section of river in the nature reserve, upstream of the farming areas. At Stillerust, the number of spraint (scat) sites found, for each otter species, approximated only 25% of those recorded in the earlier studies. In the pristine section of the river, the amount of sign and abundance of otters were similar to those recorded in 1993. Assessments of stream biota and water quality analyses revealed negative changes in the river below the pristine area, down to, and including, Stillerust. Visible signs of pollution were evident. Since the 1970s, the rural village population has increasedcaeightfold, and the commercial farm has changed from an extensive livestock enterprize to an intensive dairy farm.
Availability of hollow bearing trees and their utilization by small animals in Cawston Ranch, Zimbabwe
Authors: Beaven Utete , Tongayi Mwedzi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to characterize hollows found in selected tree species (in Cawston Ranch in Zimbabwe) as a potential habitat for small mammals because cavities are important as resources for wildlife: for foraging, shelter, roosting and nesting purposes. Four vegetation types were chosen for analysis: Baikiaea plurijuga, Colophospermum mopane, Combretum molle and Commiphora mollis according to abundance and dominance in the plots they occurred. Transect sampling was performed to collect vegetation data. The total number of living trees and stags was recorded in each plot. Trees in a plot were thoroughly inspected for hollows. The following dimensions were measured on cavity trees: hollow size (diameter), hollow location and diameter at breast height. The results indicate that the rate of hollow formation and utilization is significantly dependent on tree species. There was a significant difference in the provision of hollows in stem and crown of a tree in each of the vegetation classes analysed. B. plurijuga hollows had the highest utilization, whilst C. molle had the least utilization. Hollows are utilized irrespective of their location as long as the animal finds a niche, and stags at advanced stages of decay are not important in providing habitats for animals.
Meconium‐stained amniotic fluid and the need for paediatrician attendance
Authors: Maayan‐Metzger Ayala , Leibovitch Leah , Schushan‐Eisen Irit , Strauss Tzipora , Kuint Jacob 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo determine perinatal parameters among term newborn infants born by vaginal delivery with meconium‐stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) that needed paediatrician assistance.MethodsPaediatricians who were in attendance in the delivery room due to MSAF among term infants completed 775 reports regarding the infants' delivery conditions, and the assistance provided. We defined ‘paediatrician attendance needed’ for a subgroup of infants for whom we retrospectively determined that paediatrician attendance in the delivery room was required.Results‘Paediatrician attendance needed’ was determined in 31 (4%) cases. Among cases with documented normal foetal monitor, only 10 (1.8%) were defined as ‘paediatrician attendance needed’, a percentage significantly lower than among infants born following non‐reassuring foetal monitor: 21 (9.7%) (p < 0.001). ‘Paediatrician attendance needed’ was predicted by non‐reassuring foetal monitor [OR 6.02 (CI 2.72–13.31), p < 0.001], maternal fever [OR 6.34 (1.92–20.92), p = 0.002] and younger maternal age (for every year) [OR 0.889 (CI 0.82–0.96), p = 0.003].ConclusionsTerm newborn infants born by vaginal delivery with MSAF with documented normal tracing foetal monitor are at low risk of the need for paediatrician assistance. Paediatrician attendance in the delivery room in labour involving MSAF should be recommended when non‐reassuring foetal monitor tracing is observed and should also be considered when maternal fever is recorded, and/or thick meconium is observed.
Mothers' judgements about their child's weight: distinguishing facts from values
Authors: Parkinson K. N. , Drewett R. F. , Jones A. R. , Adamson A. J. ,   the Gateshead Millennium Study core team
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundMothers' responses to questionnaire items assessing their child's weight status typically do not correspond to conventional clinical classifications based on body mass index (BMI). From this observation health professionals infer that mothers do not recognize overweight in their child. But the questions used have generally confounded factual judgements with values, so it is not clear whether the mothers are making factual errors, or differ from professionals in their values.MethodsCross‐sectional study of population‐based birth cohort at 6–8 years and their mothers (n = 540). An objective BMI matching task was used to determine the accuracy of mothers' recognition of their child's weight. Mothers matched their child to sex‐ and age‐specific images of children of known BMI ranging from very thin to obese, and chose a descriptor of their child's weight of the kind used in previous research.ResultsMothers tended to underestimate their child's BMI on the matching task. Matching errors significantly predicted mothers' description of their child's weight; those who overestimated their child's BMI on the matching task were more likely to say their child was overweight, while those who underestimated it were less likely to, independently of their child's actual BMI.ConclusionsEducational programmes aimed at parents of young primary school children need to address separately the factual and the evaluative components of their assessment of child weight.
An exploratory study of positive and incongruent communication in young children with type 1 diabetes and their mothers
Authors: Chisholm V. , Atkinson L. , Bayrami L. , Noyes K. , Payne A. , Kelnar C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing in young children. However, they are overlooked in treatment adherence and intervention research despite evidence that parents often experience difficulty securing their treatment cooperation, especially with the diet. We investigated positive and incongruent (i.e. the co‐occurrence of contradictory verbal and non‐verbal messages) communication in the mother–child dyad and their association with child adjustment and dietary adherence outcomes.MethodsParticipants were 23 6‐ to 8‐year‐old children with type 1 diabetes and their mothers. We conducted dietary adherence interviews with mothers and performed nutritional analyses to assess children's consumption of extrinsic sugars (e.g. confectionary). Mothers completed a standardized assessment of child psychological adjustment. Mothers and children engaged in a videotaped problem‐solving task related to the dietary regimen, with maternal and child utterances and non‐verbal behaviours analysed for positive dyadic and incongruent communication.ResultsPositive dyadic communication correlated with lower levels of child incongruent communication, fewer behavioural problems and better overall adjustment. Higher levels of maternal and child incongruent communication correlated with more behavioural and emotional problems and poorer overall adjustment. Higher levels of maternal incongruent communication correlated with poorer dietary adherence.ConclusionsResults converged to form a conceptually and empirically coherent pattern in that behavioural indices of poorer communication in both mother and child consistently correlated with poorer child adjustment outcomes. This study shows that specific features of dyadic, child and maternal communication could be targeted in developmentally sensitive interventions to promote positive communication in the home management of type 1 diabetes care for young children.
Relation between lipoprotein subfractions and TSH levels in the cardiovascular risk among women with subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Hernández‐Mijares A. , Jover A. , Bellod L. , Bañuls C. , Solá E. , Veses S. , Víctor V. M. , Rocha M. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryObjectiveSubclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a common condition associated with increased cardiovascular risk. A standard treatment is yet to be established, as there is no consensus on the TSH cut‐off values which should be used as indicators. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess cardiovascular risk in patients with SCH and to differentiate it according to TSH levels.DesignThis was an observational study conducted in an academic medical centre.PatientsThe study population consisted of 95 middle‐aged women recently diagnosed with SCH and 65 euthyroid controls.MeasurementsWe measured anthropometric parameters, lipid cardiovascular risk markers and lipoprotein subclasses of HDL and LDL.ResultsPatients with SCH exhibited a significant increase in triglycerides and atherogenic index of plasma and a significant reduction in HDL‐cholesterol with respect to the control group after adjusted by age and BMI. A similar lipid profile was observed in both SCH groups. However, patients with TSH levels higher than 10 mIU/l showed a significant reduction in LDL particle size, which was associated with a higher prevalence of atherogenic pattern B.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that cardiovascular risk is affected in patients with TSH levels over 10 mIU/l, who have a lipid profile characteristic of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
What is the best approach to the teenage patient presenting with nonclassical Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: should we always treat with glucocorticoids?
Authors: Matthews Deborah , Cheetham Tim 
Published: October 2012

SummaryPatients with Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to partial deficiency in the enzyme 21‐hydroxlyase can present in childhood or adolescence with signs of adrenal androgen excess. Strategies to reduce the impact of androgen excess in females include cosmetic measures as well as antiandrogens and agents such as the combined oral contraceptive pill. Glucocorticoid may not be appropriate straightaway but can be introduced if other measures are ineffective or when pregnancy is planned.
Development and preliminary validation of a patient‐reported outcome measure for swallowing after total laryngectomy (SOAL questionnaire)
Authors: Govender R. , Lee M.T. , Davies T.C. , Twinn C.E. , Katsoulis K.L. , Payten C.L. , Stephens R. , Drinnan M. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo develop and validate a laryngectomee‐specific questionnaire to investigate swallowing function. This paper describes the generation of questionnaire items, pretesting with laryngectomees and a preliminary validation.DesignThis study employed 2 phases: questionnaire development and questionnaire validation. Items were developed from patient (n = 10) and clinician (n = 6) focus groups. Content checking, acceptability and face validity were determined through pretesting with 10 laryngectomees and via consensus feedback from 35 speech and language therapists. During preliminary validation, the 17‐item final questionnaire was administered to 3 different groups. Discrimination amongst groups was established by comparing questionnaire responses of a laryngectomee group (n = 19) with known dysphagic (n = 19) and non‐dysphagic groups (n = 20). Questionnaire responses from the reference dysphagic group were compared with an instrumental assessment of swallowing, the modified barium swallow (MBS).SettingLarge urban teaching hospital.ParticipantsSpeech and language therapists, laryngectomees, non‐dysphagic volunteers, post‐radiotherapy dysphagic patients.Main outcome measurePreliminary validation of SOAL questionnaire.ResultsNormal, laryngectomee and dysphagic groups had significantly different SOAL scores, as did laryngectomees with different degrees of swallowing impairment (Kruskall Wallis, P << 0.001). The subjective SOAL score had a strong positive correlation with the reference measure of ratings on the MBS (r = 0.5; P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe swallowing outcome after laryngectomy (SOAL) questionnaire is a simple, self‐administered tool to assess swallowing function post‐total laryngectomy. Further specific testing with a laryngectomy cohort is necessary for full validation. Its potential value lies in screening for dysphagia in clinics or during long‐term follow‐up of laryngectomees.
Use of predictive habitat modelling to assess the distribution and extent of the current protection of ‘listed’ deep‐sea habitats
Authors: Ross Rebecca E. , Howell Kerry L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo demonstrate the application of predictive species distribution modelling methods to habitat mapping and assessment of percentage area‐based conservation targets.LocationTheNE Atlantic deep sea (UKand Irish extended continental shelf limits).MethodsMaxEnt modelling of three listed habitats (Lophelia pertusa(Linnaeus, 1758) reef (LpReef),Pheronema carpenteri(WyvilleThomson, 1869) aggregations (PcAggs) andSyringammina fragilissima(Brady, 1883) aggregations (SfAggs)), with some pre‐selection of variables by generalized additive modelling. Models are validated using repeated 70/30 build/test data splits usingAUCand threshold‐dependent assessment methods. Predicted distribution maps are used to assess the adequacy of existing area closures for the protection of listed habitats and to assess percentage representation of each community within existingMPAnetworks.ResultsModel performances are rated as fair (LpReef), excellent (PcAggs) and good (SfAggs). Current closures are focused on the protection of cold‐water coral reef and incidentally capture someSfAggs suitable environments, but largely fail to protectPcAggs. Considering the wider network ofMPAs in the study region, approximately 23% (LpReef), 2% (PcAggs) and 6% (SfAggs) of the area predicted as suitable for each habitat respectively is contained within anMPA.Main conclusionsTo date, decisions on area closures for the protection of ‘listed’ deep‐sea habitats have been based on maps of recorded presence of species that are taken as being indicative of that habitat. Predictive habitat modelling may provide a useful method of better estimating the extent of listed habitats, providing direction for futureMPAestablishment and a means of assessingMPAnetwork effectiveness against politically set percentage targets. Given the coarse resolution of the model, percentages should be taken as maximal figures, with habitat occurrence likely to be less prevalent in reality.
The influence of sorafenib on hepatic encephalopathy and the mechanistic survey in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Hsu Shao‐Jung , Hsin I‐Fang , Lin Yi‐Ling , Chen Yi‐Chen , Huang Hui‐Chun , Lee Fa‐Yauh , Lin Han‐Chieh , Chang Ching‐Chih , Lee Shou‐Dong 
Published: October 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (12): 1309–1316AbstractBackground  Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that inhibits angiogenesis and carcinogenesis, has been used for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, sporadic cases have been reported with the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after sorafenib treatment, mostly in those with cirrhosis. Liver function impairment, portal‐systemic collaterals and brain oxidative stress participate in the pathogenesis of HE. The study therefore aimed to investigate the potential influences of sorafenib on HE and the relevant risk factors in cirrhotic rats.Methods  Liver cirrhosis was induced in Spraque‐Dawley rats with common bile duct ligation (CBDL). CBDL rats received sorafenib 1 mg/kg/day or distilled water (DW) via oral gavage since the 15th day post surgery for 2 weeks. On the 28th day, after motor activities measurements, mean arterial pressure, portal pressure and heart rate were checked. Thereafter, cerebral cortex and cerebellum were dissected for oxidative stress study and blood was collected for liver biochemistry survey.Results  Sorafenib significantly reduced portal pressure (22%) and collateral shunting degree (15%) in cirrhotic rats. Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin and ammonia were similar in sorafenib‐ and DW‐treated groups. Motor activities were not significantly altered by sorafenib. In cerebrum, the oxidant and antioxidant substances activities were not significantly different between the two groups, whereas they were divergent in cerebellum and hippocampus.Conclusion  By surveying three main aspects involved in the pathogenesis of HE, this study demonstrates that sorafenib does not increase the risk of HE in cirrhotic rats.