bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in soil heterotrophic respiration, carbon availability, and microbial function in seven forests along a climate gradient
Authors: Fang Huajun , Cheng Shulan , Wang Yongsheng , Yu Guirui , Xu Minjie , Dang Xusheng , Li Linsen , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSoil microbial communities play an essential role in soil carbon (C) emission and C sequestration in forest ecosystems. However, little information is available regarding the relationship between soil C dynamics and microbial substrate utilization at large scales. Along the North–South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC), seven forests representative of boreal, temperate and tropical biomes were examined. Soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh), soil dissolved organic C (DOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and microbial community‐level physiological profiles (CLPPs) were investigated using biochemical measurements, static chamber‐gas chromatography analysis, and Biolog‐Eco microplates, respectively. We found that soil Rh rates were significantly higher in subtropical and boreal forests than in temperate forests. Conversely, the concentrations of soil DOC and MBC, as well as microbial metabolic activity and functional diversity, were consistently higher in temperate forests than in subtropical forests. There were considerably different substrate utilization profiles among the boreal, temperate, and subtropical forests. Soil microorganisms from the temperate and boreal forests mainly metabolized high‐energy substrates, while those from the subtropical forests used all substrates equally. In addition, soil Rh rates were significantly and negatively related to soil labile C concentrations, total metabolic activity, and the intensity of individual substrate utilization, indicating that soil microbes assimilated more soil substrates, thereby reducing CO2 emissions. Overall, our study suggests that climate factors, as well as substrate availability, dominate the activities and functions of soil microbes at large scales.
Acceptable pregnancy rate of unstimulated intrauterine insemination: a retrospective analysis of 17,830 cycles
Authors: Honda Tetsuro , Tsutsumi Mai , Komoda Fumio , Tatsumi Kenichi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the pregnancy rate (PR) of unstimulated intrauterine insemination (IUI).MethodsThis was a retrospective study in a private fertility clinic. Between 2004 and 2013, a total of 4,045 women underwent 17,830 cycles of unstimulated IUI. The etiologies of subfertility in the couples were unexplained (51 %), male factor (36 %), coital problems (9.5 %), and cervical factor (3.5 %).ResultsThe PRs/cycle, between the 1st and 9th trials, in women <35, 35–37, 38–40, 41–42, and >42 years of age were 8.2, 7.3, 5.5, 3.6, and 0.9 %, respectively. In 10,076 cycles in which the male partner had a total motile sperm count ≥5 million, the PRs in the respective age groups were 9.9, 8.6, 6.1, 4.8, and 1.2 %. The largest‐sized reported PRs for clomiphene citrate (CC)/IUI in the respective age groups were 11.5, 9.2, 7.3 4.3, and 1.0 % (4,199 cycles in total, Dovey et al., FertilSteril, 2008;90:2281–2286). There were no significant differences in PRs between unstimulated IUI and CC/IUI.ConclusionPR for unstimulated IUI was similar to the reported PR for CC/IUI. Although this was a retrospective study without a control group, to reduce multiple pregnancy rate, we believe that unstimulated IUI is a reasonable treatment.
Trajectories of prosocial behaviors conducive to civic outcomes during the transition to adulthood: The predictive role of family dynamics☆
Authors: Luengo Kanacri Bernadette P. , Pastorelli Concetta , Zuffianò Antonio , Eisenberg Nancy , Ceravolo Rosalba , Caprara Gian Vittorio 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe current study explored the prediction of civic engagement by diverse trajectories of prosocial behaviors as well family dynamics (i.e., filial self‐efficacy and relational parent–child support) across four times of assessment (from age 16–17 to age 22–23) during the transition to adulthood. Three different trajectories of prosocial behaviors were identified for 686 Italian youths: high‐increasing (18%), medium‐stable (48%), and low‐stable (34%). An increasing pattern of change in prosocial behaviors was predicted by filial self‐efficacy at age 16–17, which in turn mediated longitudinal relations to civic engagement and civic values at age 22–23. Results highlighted that during the transition to adulthood youths' beliefs about their ability to negotiate with their parents without losing autonomy and relatedness are relevant in promoting prosocial behaviors and civic involvement, especially in the context of Mediterranean countries.
The clinical use of cerebrospinal fluid biomarker testing for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: A consensus paper from the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Standardization Initiative
Authors: Molinuevo José Luis , Blennow Kaj , Dubois Bruno , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Lewczuk Piotr , Perret‐Liaudet Armand , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Parnetti Lucilla 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers β‐amyloid 1‐42 (Aβ1‐42), also expressed as Aβ1‐42:Aβ1‐40 ratio, T‐tau, and P‐tau181P, have proven diagnostic accuracy for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). How to use, interpret, and disclose biomarker results drives the need for standardization.MethodsPrevious Alzheimer's Biomarkers Standardization Initiative meetings discussed preanalytical issues affecting Aβ1‐42 and tau in CSF. This second round of consensus meetings focused on issues related to clinical use of AD CSF biomarkers.ResultsConsensus was reached that lumbar puncture for AD CSF biomarker analysis be considered as a routine clinical test in patients with early‐onset dementia, at the prodromal stage or with atypical AD. Moreover, consensus was reached on which biomarkers to use, how results should be interpreted, and potential confounding factors.ConclusionsChanges in Aβ1‐42, T‐tau, and P‐tau181P allow diagnosis of AD in its prodromal stage. Conversely, having all three biomarkers in the normal range rules out AD. Intermediate conditions require further patient follow‐up.
Prevalence of dementia in the oldest old: The Monzino 80‐plus population based study
Authors: Lucca Ugo , Tettamanti Mauro , Logroscino Giancarlo , Tiraboschi Pietro , Landi Cristina , Sacco Leonardo , Garrì Mariateresa , Ammesso Sonia , Bertinotti Chiara , Biotti Anna , Gargantini Elena , Piedicorcia Alessandro , Nobili Alessandro , Pasina Luca , Franchi Carlotta , Djade Codjo Djignefa , Riva Emma , Recchia Angela 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies commonly include too few of the oldest old to provide accurate prevalence rates of dementia in older age groups. Estimates of the number of those affected, necessary for healthcare planning, are thus flawed. The objective is to estimate the prevalence of dementia and levels of dementia severity in a very large population of oldest old and to investigate the relation between age and dementia prevalence in the extreme ages.MethodsThe Monzino 80‐plus is a population‐based study among residents 80 years or older in Varese province, Italy. Dementia cases were identified using a one‐phase design. The survey was conducted in the participant's place of residence, whether home or institution. Both participants and informants were interviewed. Information was available for 2504 of the 2813 residents (89%).ResultsIn all, 894 individuals (714 women and 180 men) met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition) criteria for dementia, for a standardized prevalence of 25.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.4, 27.2%), 28.5% (95% CI: 26.2, 30.9) in women and 18.6% (95% CI: 15.2, 21.9) in men. Age‐specific prevalence estimates of dementia increased with age from 15.7% at age 80 to 84 years to 65.9% at age 100 years and higher. For women, prevalence continued to rise after age 100 years, from 64.8% at age 100 to 101 years to 76.1% at age 102 to 107 years. After age 85 years prevalence rates tended to rise linearly, on average 2.6% per year in women and 1.8% in men. About 80% of the cases were moderate or severe. The frequency of mild dementia decreased and that of severe dementia increased with age.ConclusionOne‐quarter of 80‐plus year olds are affected by dementia, mostly moderate or severe. Prevalence rates of dementia do not level off, but continue to rise gradually even in the extreme ages.
The Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) study: Design and baseline characteristics
Authors: Beeri Michal Schnaider , Ravona‐Springer Ramit , Moshier Erin , Schmeidler James , Godbold James , Karpati Tomas , Leroith Derek , Koifman Keren , Kravitz Efrat , Price Rachel , Hoffman Hadas , Silverman Jeremy M. , Heymann Anthony 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of dementia. The prospective longitudinal Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline study aims at identifying T2D‐related characteristics associated with cognitive decline.MethodsSubjects are population‐based T2D 65+, initially cognitively intact. Medical conditions, blood examinations, and medication use data are since 1998; cognitive, functional, demographic, psychiatric, DNA, and inflammatory marker study assessments were conducted every 18 months. Because the duration of T2D reflects its chronicity and implications, we compared short (0–4.99 years), moderate (5–9.99), and long (10+) duration for the first 897 subjects.ResultsThe long duration group used more T2D medications, had higher glucose, lower glomerular filtration rate, slower walking speed, and poorer cognitive functioning. Duration was not associated with most medical, blood, urine, and vital characteristics.ConclusionsTracking cognition, with face‐to‐face evaluations, exploiting 15 years of historical detailed computerized, easily accessible, and validated T2D‐related characteristics may provide novel insights into T2D‐related dementia.
The use of biomarkers for the etiologic diagnosis of MCI in Europe: An EADC survey
Authors: Bocchetta Martina , Galluzzi Samantha , Kehoe Patrick Gavin , Aguera Eduardo , Bernabei Roberto , Bullock Roger , Ceccaldi Mathieu , Dartigues Jean‐François , de Mendonça Alexandre , Didic Mira , Eriksdotter Maria , Félician Olivier , Frölich Lutz , Gertz Hermann‐Josef , Hallikainen Merja , Hasselbalch Steen G. , Hausner Lucrezia , Heuser Isabell , Jessen Frank , Jones Roy W. , Kurz Alexander , Lawlor Brian , Lleo Alberto , Martinez‐Lage Pablo , Mecocci Patrizia , Mehrabian Shima , Monsch Andreas , Nobili Flavio , Nordberg Agneta , Rikkert Marcel Olde , Orgogozo Jean‐Marc , Pasquier Florence , Peters Oliver , Salmon Eric , Sánchez‐Castellano Carmen , Santana Isabel , Sarazin Marie , Traykov Latchezar , Tsolaki Magda , Visser Pieter Jelle , Wallin Åsa K. , Wilcock Gordon , Wilkinson David , Wolf Henrike , Yener Görsev , Zekry Dina , Frisoni Giovanni B. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe investigated the use of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium centers and assessed their perceived usefulness for the etiologic diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We surveyed availability, frequency of use, and confidence in diagnostic usefulness of markers of brain amyloidosis (amyloid positron emission tomography [PET], cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] Aβ42) and neurodegeneration (medial temporal atrophy [MTA] on MR, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography [FDG‐PET], CSF tau). The most frequently used biomarker is visually rated MTA (75% of the 37 responders reported using it “always/frequently”) followed by CSF markers (22%), FDG‐PET (16%), and amyloid‐PET (3%). Only 45% of responders perceive MTA as contributing to diagnostic confidence, where the contribution was rated as “moderate”. Seventy‐nine percent of responders felt “very/extremely” comfortable delivering a diagnosis of MCI due to AD when both amyloid and neuronal injury biomarkers were abnormal (P < .02 versus any individual biomarker). Responders largely agreed that a combination of amyloidosis and neuronal injury biomarkers was a strongly indicative AD signature.
A structure‐based approach to predict predisposition to amyloidosis
Authors: Ahmed Abdullah B. , Znassi Nadia , Château Marie‐Thérèse , Kajava Andrey V. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundNeurodegenerative diseases and other amyloidoses are linked to the formation of amyloid fibrils. It has been shown that the ability to form these fibrils is coded by the amino acid sequence. Existing methods for the prediction of amyloidogenicity generate an unsatisfactory high number of false positives when tested against sequences of the disease‐related proteins.MethodsRecently, it has been shown that the three‐dimensional structure of a majority of disease‐related amyloid fibrils contains a β‐strand‐loop‐β‐strand motif called β‐arch. Using this information, we have developed a novel bioinformatics approach for the prediction of amyloidogenicity.ResultsThe benchmark results show the superior performance of our method over the existing programs.ConclusionsAs genome sequencing becomes more affordable, our method provides an opportunity to create individual risk profiles for the neurodegenerative, age‐related, and other diseases ushering in an era of personalized medicine. It will also be used in the large‐scale analysis of proteomes to find new amyloidogenic proteins.
Overbank flooding and human occupation of the Shalongka site in the Upper Yellow River Valley, northeast Tibet Plateau in relation to climate change since the last deglaciation
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Dong Guanghui , Wen Lijuan , Chen Fahu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIncreased flooding caused by global warming threatens the safety of coastal and river basin dwellers, but the relationship of flooding frequency, human settlement and climate change at long time scales remains unclear. Paleolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age cultural deposits interbedded with flood sediments were found at the Shalongka site near the north bank of the upper Yellow River, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. We reconstruct the history of overbank flooding and human occupation at the Shalongka site by application of optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon dating, grain size, magnetic susceptibility and color reflectance analysis of overbank sediment and paleosols. The reliability of OSL dating has been confirmed by internal checks and comparing with independent14C ages; alluvial OSL ages have shown a systematic overestimation due to poor bleaching. Our results indicate that the Yellow River episodically overflowed and reached the Shalongka site from at least ~ 16 ka and lasting until ~ 3 ka. Soil development and reduced flooding occurred at ~ 15, ~ 8.3–5.4, and after ~ 3 ka, and prehistoric populations spread to the Shalongka site area at ~ 8.3, ~ 5.4, and ~ 3 ka. We suggest that climate change influenced the overbank flooding frequency and then affected prehistoric human occupation of the Shalongka site.
Communal Harmony as Governmentality: Reciprocity, peace-keeping, state legitimacy, and citizenship in contemporary India
Authors: MENON NANDAGOPAL R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDebates about secularism in post-independence India have often revolved around the visions of two of the country's founding fathers—M. K. Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. A sharp distinction is drawn between them by those who argue that the Gandhian model (or, what in common parlance and state discourses is called communal harmony) stems from Indian cultural and religious values, and lies beyond the realm of the state. The Nehruvian model, however, is a state project through and through. This article transcends this dichotomy to show that the association of Nehru and Gandhi with these models does not necessarily mean that secularism and communal harmony faithfully reflect their ideas and, despite the differences in their aims and methods, both models are united in the discourses and practices of the state as strategies of ‘governmentality’. After redefining the core of communal harmony as reciprocity (rather than tolerance), I show how it is performed, how it supplements the state's efforts to keep the peace in a religiously plural society by the force of law, and shores up the state's legitimacy deficit. However, the state's simultaneous involvement in Nehruvian and Gandhian projects is not an innocuous fact because it undermines the state's constitutional and secular obligations to non-discriminatory citizenship in the Indian nation. The argument is that the state's endorsement ofdargah-centred Islamic piety as an exemplary site of communal harmony and particular ideas of the Indian nation legitimized by communal harmony ‘problematizes’ the national belonging of certain kinds of pious Muslims.
XVIII.—Heat Flow in the Region bounded Internally by a Circular Cylinder
Authors: Jaeger J. C. , Carslaw H. S. 
Published: August 2014

The object of this paper is to give some numerical results for the cooling of the region bounded internally by a circular cylinder, with constant initial temperature, and various boundary conditions at the surface. Problems of this nature are of importance in connection with the cooling of mines, and in various physical questions.The case of constant surface temperature is discussed in § 2. In § 3 the results are compared with the corresponding ones for the region outside a sphere, and for the semi-infinite solid.
Threats of future climate change and land use to vulnerable tree species native to Southern California
Authors: RIORDAN ERIN C. , GILLESPIE THOMAS W. , PITCHER LINCOLN , PINCETL STEPHANIE S. , JENERETTE G. DARREL , PATAKI DIANE E. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYClimate and land-use changes are expected to drive high rates of environmental change and biodiversity loss in Mediterranean ecosystems this century. This paper compares the relative future impacts of land use and climate change on two vulnerable tree species native to Southern California (Juglans californica and Quercus engelmannii) using species distribution models. Under the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change's A1B future scenario, high levels of both projected land use and climate change could drive considerable habitat losses on these two already heavily-impacted tree species. Under scenarios of no dispersal, projected climate change poses a greater habitat loss threat relative to projected land use for both species. Assuming unlimited dispersal, climate-driven habitat gains could offset some of the losses due to both drivers, especially in J. californica which could experience net habitat gains under combined impacts of both climate change and land use. Quercus engelmannii, in contrast, could experience net habitat losses under combined impacts, even under best-case unlimited dispersal scenarios. Similarly, projected losses and gains in protected habitat are highly sensitive to dispersal scenario, with anywhere from > 60% loss in protected habitat (no dispersal) to > 170% gain in protected habitat (unlimited dispersal). The findings underscore the importance of dispersal in moderating future habitat loss for vulnerable species.
The economic impact of mental health stigma and discrimination: A systematic review
Authors: Sharac Jessica , Mccrone Paul , Clement Sarah , Thornicroft Graham 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYPeople with mental illness face stigma and discrimination in a variety of settings which can have an economic impact. Aim – The aim of this paper was to identify literature on the economic impact of mental illness stigma. Methods – A systematic review of the literature identified 30 papers from 27 studies by searching electronic databases and hand searching reference lists. Results – Mental illness stigma/discrimination was found to impact negatively on employment, income, public views about resource allocation and healthcare costs. Conclusions – Stigma and discrimination regarding mental health problems lead to adverse economic effects for people with these conditions. Interventions that reduce stigma may therefore also be economically beneficial.Declaration of Interest: This study was funded in relation to a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Programme grant awarded to the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and in relation to the NIHR Specialist Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. There is no conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.
Full Transparency of Politicians' Actions Does Not Increase the Quality of Political Representation
Authors: Stadelmann David , Portmann Marco , Eichenberger Reiner 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe identify the impact of transparency in political decision-making on the quality of political representation with a difference-in-difference strategy. The quality of political representation is measured by the observed divergence of parliamentary decisions from revealed voter preferences on identical issues. We show that full transparency of votes of individual politicians does not decrease divergence from voter preferences.
Reporting Guidelines for Experimental Research: A Report from the Experimental Research Section Standards Committee
Authors: Gerber Alan , Arceneaux Kevin , Boudreau Cheryl , Dowling Conor , Hillygus Sunshine , Palfrey Thomas , Biggers Daniel R. , Hendry David J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Standards Committee of the Experimental Research Section of the American Political Science Association has produced reporting guidelines that aim to increase the clarity of experimental research reports. This paper describes the Committee's rationale for the guidelines it developed and includes our Recommended Reporting Standards for Experiments (Laboratory, Field, Survey). It begins with a content analysis of current reporting practices in published experimental research. Although researchers report most important aspects of their experimental designs and data, we find substantial omissions that could undermine the clarity of research practices and the ability of researchers to assess the validity of study conclusions. With the need for reporting guidelines established, the report describes the process the Committee used to develop the guidelines, the feedback received during the comment period, and the rationale for the final version of the guidelines.
Inverse Marx modulators for self‐biasing klystron depressed collectors
Authors: Kemp M.A. 
Published: August 2014

A novel pulsed depressed collector biasing scheme is proposed. This topology feeds forward energy recovered during one RF pulse for use on the following RF pulse. The presented ‘inverse’ Marx charges biasing capacitors in series, and discharges them in parallel. Simulations are shown along with experimental demonstration on a 62 kW klystron.
Endothelial cell FGF signaling is required for injury response but not for vascular homeostasis
Authors: Oladipupo Sunday S. , Smith Craig , Santeford Andrea , Park Changwon , Sene Abdoulaye , Wiley Luke A. , Osei-Owusu Patrick , Hsu Joann , Zapata Nicole , Liu Fang , Nakamura Rei , Lavine Kory J. , Blumer Kendall J. , Choi Kyunghee , Apte Rajendra S. , Ornitz David M. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling is thought to be essential for vascular development, homeostasis, and pathological angiogenesis. However, the in vivo requirements and the cellular targets of FGF in the vasculature are not known. Here, we show that endothelial FGFR1 and FGFR2 are not required for vascular homeostasis or physiological functions and are likely not required for embryonic development. However, endothelial FGFR1 and FGFR2 are essential for neovascularization after skin or eye injury or following retinal ischemia. These findings reveal a key requirement for cell-autonomous endothelial FGFR signaling in tissue repair and neovascularization following injury and validate the endothelial cell FGFR as a target for diseases associated with aberrant vascular proliferation such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and wound healing.