bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religion, Rational Political Theory, and the 2008 Presidential Election
Authors: Gill Jungyun , DeFronzo James 
Published: March 2013

AbstractStates of the United States differ significantly in terms of politically salient religious culture. But prior to the 2008 presidential election several studies inspired by rational political theory that found that during war time voting districts with high rates of military fatalities were more likely to vote against incumbent candidates and for anti-war candidates failed to control for variation in religious culture. In the present study, multivariate analyses that controlled for local differences in religious culture found that Iraq War military fatalities had an overall positive effect on the difference in the percent of the vote received in the 50 states and the District of Columbia by the anti-war Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama in the 2008 election and the pre-war Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore in the 2000 election. Tests for interaction, however, also found that the magnitude and ultimately the direction of this effect were conditioned by religious culture. In states with very high percentages of evangelical Protestants, the military fatality rate actually appeared to have a negative effect.
How to Cite a Sacred Text
Authors: Hassner Ron E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAllusions to holy scriptures and quotes from sacred texts appear in hundreds of political science articles. Yet while we treat other ancient texts with reverence and diligence, we have not extended a similar care to the holy scriptures of the world's religions. Political scientists often refer to biblical events, statements, and turns of phrase but rarely cite them, chapter and verse. They are careless about referencing the precise translation of the holy texts used, tend to cite religious passages out of context, and disregard the role of religious tradition, interpretation, and practice in shaping and reshaping the meaning of holy texts. I offer examples for these trends, provide evidence for their harmful implications and offer guidelines for the appropriate treatment of sacred texts as formal scholarly sources.
Retrograde monosynaptic tracing reveals the temporal evolution of inputs onto new neurons in the adult dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb
Authors: Deshpande Aditi , Bergami Matteo , Ghanem Alexander , Conzelmann Karl-Klaus , Lepier Alexandra , Götz Magdalena , Berninger Benedikt 
Published: March 2013

Significance
New neurons are constantly added to the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb. These neurons are believed to fulfill unique functions during their early life compared with mature neurons, which may depend on the way they are connected. Here we studied the stepwise integration of new neurons within these two brain areas using a rabies-virus–based synaptic tracing tool. Our study revealed that in both areas integration follows a similar logic, with adult-born neurons incorporating first into the local circuit before becoming innervated by long-range connections. This changing pattern of presynaptic connectivity likely contributes to adult-born neurons’ functions.
Optimal Effort Intensity in Backpack Electrofishing Surveys
Authors: Stanfield L. W. , Lester N. P. , Petreman I. C. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
We evaluated the effect of backpack electrofishing effort intensity on the precision of estimates of fish density in a southern Ontario stream. Single-pass electrofishing was conducted on 30 sites at three electrofishing effort intensities (5, 10 and 15 s/m2). We found that an effort of 5 s/m2 yielded an average catch that was 78% of the 15-s/m2 effort. An asymptotic model effectively described the catch–effort relationship for most fish taxa in the stream (i.e., Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, sculpin Cottus sp., dace Rhinichthys sp., and darter Etheostoma sp.). Using the catchability parameters of this model, we evaluated the trade-off between sampling many sites at low intensity or fewer sites at higher intensity. The survey design that maximizes precision of fish-density estimates depends on the average time spent traveling between sites and the average area of sites. For southern Ontario streams, where sample sites were approximately 300 m2 and travel time between sites was 75 min, the optimum electrofishing effort intensity was approximately 5 s/m2. The applicability of these results to other systems was demonstrated by showing how this optimum intensity was affected by differences in catchability rates of fish and travel distances. These findings will be used to standardize single pass electrofishing catches in nonshield areas of Ontario, and the approach may prove useful in other areas where this fishing technique is effective.
Received January 5, 2012; accepted December 7, 2012
A Rich Vein? Novel Disseisin and the Trowell Coalmine Case of 1258
Authors: Goddard Richard , Musson Janice 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This work presents a transcription and translation of a case of novel disseisin brought before the Nottingham assizes in 1257. Its importance lies in the fact that the case is concerned with a coalmine in Nottinghamshire. It offers important new evidence in three key areas: early, thirteenth-century enclosures, the earliest evidence for coal mining in the Nottinghamshire coalfield and very rare evidence of pit-head sales of coal. The accompanying commentary discusses these themes in detail in conjunction with the legal context of novel disseisin, the details of the case itself - with particular reference to the litigants themselves - and suggests that the numerous and early surviving novel disseisin cases may be an additional source of evidence for social historians in a period when other documentation might be lacking.
Mechanical, thermal and colorimetric properties of LLDPE coloured with a blue nanopigment and conventional blue pigments
Authors: Marchante Rodríguez V. , Martínez‐Verdú F.M. , Beltrán Rico M.I. , Marcilla Gomis A. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThis research deals with a new kind of nanopigment, obtained from the combination of organic dyes and layered nanoclays, that the authors call nanoclay‐colorant pigment (NCP). Whilst they have already been employed in inks and coatings, to date these nanopigments have not been used as pigments for polymers. The existing lack of knowledge surrounding them must be redressed in order to bridge the gap between current academic studies and commercial exploitation. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to examine the hitherto unknown aspects of the NCP, which relate specifically to their applicability as a new type of colorant for polymers.Design/methodology/approachA blue NCP has been prepared at the laboratory according to the patented method of synthesis (patent WO0104216), using methylene blue and montmorillonite nanoclay. It has then been applied to a thermoplastic polymer (linear low‐density polyethylene – LLDPE) to obtain a coloured sample. Furthermore, samples with the same polymer but using conventional blue colorants have been prepared under the same processing conditions. The mechanical, thermal and colorimetric properties of these materials have been compared.FindingsThe thermal stability of the sample coloured with NCP is reduced to some extent, while the mechanical strength is slightly increased. Moreover, this sample has better colour performance than the conventionally pigmented samples.Originality/valueIn this paper, a blue NCP has been synthesised and successfully employed with polyethylene and the obtained sample shows better colour performance than polyethylene with conventional pigments.
Synthesis of urethane acrylate from PENTA based polyol and EB curing with varying ratio of TMTPA
Authors: Deshmukh Pallavi P. , Mahanwar Prakash A. , Sabharwal Sunil S. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeUrethane Acrylate Oligomer with 100% solids was synthesised and characterised in order to study the application in electron beam curing with varying ratio of Trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA). The purpose of this paper is to study effect of TMPTA addition on the crosslink density and different coating properties.Design/methodology/approachPolyester polyol was synthesised by reacting single diacid, adipic acid (AA), with Pentaerythritol (PENTA) and 1,6‐hexanediol (HD). Further, Urethane acrylate resin was synthesised by using Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hydroxy ethyl acrylate (HEA) and Polyester polyol. The polyester polyol and urethane acrylate oligomer were characterised by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR and GPC. Further, TMPTA was added as a crosslinker to the urethane acrylate oligomer and cured by electron beam radiation. The cured UA films having varying concentration of TMPTA were employed to evaluate thermal property, contact angle analysis, mechanical and chemical properties.FindingsThe obtained results showed improvement in their chemical properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties and water contact angle at 20% of TMPTA iconcentration. The TMPTA also reduced the dose required for the curing.Research limitations/implicationsThe resin can be synthesised from different isocyanates as TDI, MDI and HMDI, etc. The study can also be done with different multi or mono functional monomers such as methacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, etc.Practical implicationsThe paper provides the better solution to reduce the cost of the electron beam radiation required for the curing.Social implicationsThe method presented in the paper could be very useful for controlling environmental pollution; as the conventional method of curing releases volatile organic compounds (VOC).Originality/valueIn this paper, urethane acrylate and TMTPA cured with electron beam are shown to offer good coating properties. A high‐solid urethane acrylate coating would find numerous industrial applications in surface coatings.
Comparative study on the role of kaolin, calcined kaolin and chemically treated kaolin in alkyd‐based paints for protection of steel
Authors: Ahmed Nivin M. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeKaolin is a soft white mineral which has a large array of uses. It is most commonly referred to as “China clay”. Sources of this mineral can be found all over the world, its uses are multiple and diverse. It is a mineral belonging to the group of alumino‐silicates with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4. It is white, soft, plastic clay mainly composed of plate‐like particles. It is a unique industrial mineral, which remains chemically inert over a relatively wide pH range. The purpose of this paper is to study the difference in performances of untreated or natural kaolin, thermally treated kaolin or so‐called “calcined kaolin” and chemically treated kaolin using ammonium molybdate to convert the γ‐Al2O3 naturally found in kaolin to α‐Al2O3 which possesses one of the most known stable crystalline phases (corundum) in alkyd based anticorrosive paint formulations used for protection of steel.Design/methodology/approachThe different kaolins were characterized using different analytical and spectro‐photometric techniques. The pigments were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Evaluation of these pigments using international standard testing methods (ASTM) was estimated. The extender pigments were then incorporated in solvent‐based paint formulations based on medium oil‐modified soya‐bean dehydrated castor oil alkyd resin. The physico‐mechanical properties of dry films and their corrosion properties using accelerated laboratory test in 3.5% NaCl for 28 days were tested.FindingsThe results of this work revealed that calcined kaolin was better in its performance in protection of steel than kaolin, while chemically treated kaolin varied in its performance according to the concentration of modifier or dopant.Practical implicationsKaolin has a large array of uses. These pigments can be applied in other polymer composites, e.g. rubber and plastics as reinforcing agent.Originality/valueThe untreated and treated kaolins are environmentally friendly pigments which can impart high anticorrosive behaviour to paint films with concomitant cost saving.
Diels‐Alder adduct of sorbic acid and methyl ester of soyabean oil as substitute to conventional dimer acids
Authors: Malshe V.C. , Phadke Jyoti P. , Jadhav Manisha A. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to synthesise new fatty dicarboxylic acid half ester (NFAHE) C25, which can be used as substitute to dimer/trimer acids commonly used (C36, 54) as basic raw materials for manufacture of polyamides for printing inks or as curing agents for epoxy paints and adhesives. This could be an economically viable synthesis by which the user could manufacture the finished products from relatively low cost raw materials.Design/methodology/approachVegetable oils have several double bonds that undergo large number of reactions. Diels‐Alder addition is one of them. Dimer acids have been produced by using these double bonds by reaction of two fatty acid molecules. Maleic acid, acrylic acid has also been used for this purpose. Sorbic acid is a derivative of alcohol and hence a renewable raw material. It is relatively less used by the coating chemists due to its relatively limited availability due to restricted uses.FindingsIt was found that sorbic acid reacts easily with unsaturated fatty acids. Its solubility in fatty acids and esters is limited. A common solvent that can be removed easily after the reaction was necessary. Cyclohexanone was found to meet this requirement. The resultant half ester of dicarboxylic acid could be easily converted to polyamides for curing epoxies.Practical implicationsThe user can manufacture his own dibasic/tribasic acid as a first step. As a source of methyl esters of fatty acids with iodine value about 110 to 130, vegetable oils such as soyabean oil can be used. Low value acid oils obtained from vegetable oil refining are also suitable. Bio diesel could be used directly. To account for large saturated fatty acids in bio diesel, corresponding trimer may be produced by appropriate addition of sorbic acid to fatty acid.Originality/valueThe process allows a manufacturer to develop low cost formulations for bulk products using simple chemistry that can be integrated in the existing process.
Approximate solutions for Fornberg‐Whitham type equations
Authors: Biazar Jafar , Eslami Mostafa 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to propose an analytical approach based on the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) for solving the initial value problems associated with the Fornberg‐Whitham type equations.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, He's HPM is applied to Fornberg‐Whitham equations. The procedure of the method is systematically illustrated.FindingsThe results show that the HPM is a powerful mathematical tool to solving these equations, it is also a promising method to solve other nonlinear equations.Originality/valueThe results show applicability, accuracy and efficiency of HPM in solving nonlinear differential equations. It is predicted that HPM can be widely applied in science and engineering problems.
An implicit differential equation governing lumped capacitance, radiation dominated, unsteady, heat transfer
Authors: De Chant Lawrence J. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeAlthough most physical problems in fluid mechanics and heat transfer are governed by nonlinear differential equations, it is less common to be confronted with a “so – called” implicit differential equation, i.e. a differential equation where the highest order derivative cannot be isolated. The purpose of this paper is to derive and analyze an implicit differential equation that arises from a simple model for radiation dominated heat transfer based upon an unsteady lumped capacitance approach.Design/methodology/approachHere we discuss an implicit differential equation that arises from a simple model for radiation dominated heat transfer based upon an unsteady lumped capacitance approach. Due to the implicit nature of this problem, standard integration schemes, e.g. Runge‐Kutta, are not conveniently applied to this problem. Moreover, numerical solutions do not provide the insight afforded by an analytical solution.FindingsA predictor predictor‐corrector scheme with secant iteration is presented which readily integrates differential equations where the derivative cannot be explicitly obtained. These solutions are compared to numerical integration of the equations and show good agreement.Originality/valueThe paper emphasizes that although large‐scale, multi‐dimensional time‐dependent heat transfer simulation tools are routinely available, there are instances where unsteady, engineering models such as the one discussed here are both adequate and appropriate.
Thermal and hydrodynamic performance analysis of circular microchannel heat exchanger utilizing nanofluids
Authors: Mohammed H.A. , Bhaskaran G. , Shuaib N.H. , Abu‐Mulaweh H.I. , Saidur R. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate numerically the thermal and hydrodynamics performance of circular microchannel heat exchanger (CMCHE) using various nanofluids.Design/methodology/approachThe three‐dimensional steady, laminar developing flow and conjugate heat transfer governing equations of a balanced MCHE are solved using finite volume method.FindingsThe results are shown in terms of temperature profile, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, wall shear stress, pumping power, effectiveness and performance index. The addition of nanoparticles increased the heat transfer rate of the base fluids. The temperature profiles of the fluids have revealed that higher average bulk temperatures were obtained by the nanofluids compared to water. The addition of nanoparticles also increased the pressure drop along the channels slightly. The increase in nanoparticle concentrations yielded better heat transfer rate while the increase in Reynolds number decreased the heat transfer rate.Research limitations/implicationsThe tested nanofluids are Ag, Al2O3, CuO, SiO2, and TiO2. Reynolds number range varied from 100 to 800 and the nanoparticle concentration varied from 2 per cent to 10 per cent.Practical implicationsParallel flow in CMCHEs is used in thermal engineering applications and the design and performance analysis of these CMCHE are of practical importance.Originality/valueThis paper provides the details of the thermal and hydrodynamics performance analysis of flow heat exchangers using nanofluids, which can be used for heat transfer augmentation in thermal design.
Study of pulsatile flow in a porous annulus with the homotopy analysis method
Authors: Rashidi M.M. , Keimanesh M. , Rajvanshi S.C. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the problem of pulsatile flow in a porous annulus for small Reynolds number.Design/methodology/approachThe similarity transformation for the governing equations gives a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations which are analytically solved by the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The analytic solutions of non‐linear differential equation are constructed in the series form. The convergence of the series solutions is carefully analyzed.FindingsGraphical results are presented to investigate the influence of different parameters on the flow behavior. Comparison between the solutions obtained by the HAM and the numerical solution shows good agreement.Originality/valueAn analysis for study on flow of an incompressible viscous fluid in the region lying between two concentric porous cylinders, under the assumption that a periodic pressure gradient is imposed across the annulus and that there is a uniform small transfer across two walls is presented. The HAM solutions are obtained for the equations governing the fluid flow.
A numerical algorithm for the space and time fractional Fokker‐Planck equation
Authors: Karimi Vanani S. , Aminataei A. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an algorithm based on operational Tau method (OTM) for solving fractional Fokker‐Planck equation (FFPE) with space‐ and time‐fractional derivatives. Fokker‐Planck equation with positive integer order is also considered.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed algorithm converts the desired FFPE to a set of algebraic equations using orthogonal polynomials as basis functions. The paper states some concepts, properties and advantages of proposed algorithm and its applications for solving FFPE.FindingsSome illustrative numerical experiments including linear and nonlinear FFPE are given and some comparisons are made between OTM and variational iteration method, Adomian decomposition method and homotpy perturbation method.Originality/valueResults demonstrate some capabilities of the proposed algorithm such as the simplicity, the accuracy and the convergency. Also, this is the first presentation of this algorithm for FFPE.
Computational modelling of inflow turbulence effects on transitional flow in a highly transonic linear turbine
Authors: Tutar M. , Sönmez Ü. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to numerically study inflow turbulence effects on the transitional flow in a high pressure linear transonic turbine at the design incidence.Design/methodology/approachThe three‐dimensional (3‐D) compressible turbulent flow in a turbine inlet guide vane is simulated using a finite volume based fluid solver coupled with dynamic large eddy simulation (LES) computations to investigate the effects of varying inflow turbulence length scale and the turbulence intensity on the aero‐thermal flow characteristics and the laminar‐turbulent transition phenomena. The computational analyses are extended to very high exit Reynolds number flow conditions to further study the effect of high exit Reynolds numbers on the transitional behavior of the present flow around the inlet guide vane cascades of the turbine. The calculations are performed with varying degree of inflow turbulence intensity values ranging from 0.8 to 6 percent and the inflow turbulence length scales ranging from one to five percent of pitch for different exit isentropic Mach and Reynolds numbers.FindingsThe numerical predictions in comparison with the experimental data demonstrate that the level of inflow turbulence closure provided by the present LES computations offers a reliable framework to predict complex turbulent flow and transition phenomena in high free‐stream turbulence environments of high pressure linear turbines.Originality/valueThis is the first instance in which both artificially modified random flow generation method in association with the dynamic procedure of LES application is employed to represent the realistic inflow turbulence conditions in the high pressure turbine and to resolve the transitional flow in a dynamic approach.
Particle deposition effects on heat transfer from a metal foam‐wrapped tube bundle
Authors: Odabaee Mostafa , De Paepe Michel , De Jaeger Peter , T'Joen Christophe , Hooman Kamel 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between dust deposition effects on the thermohydraulic performance of a metal foam heat exchanger.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses finite volume approximation to solve the two‐dimensional volume‐averaged form of governing equations through and around a metal foam‐covered tube bundle. Modified porosity, permeability, and form drag coefficient for a dusty foam layer are obtained through the application of a thermal resistance network model.FindingsThe paper provides novel data to predict the fouling effects on the performance of foam‐wrapped tube bundles as air‐cooled heat exchangers. It is observed that depending on the deposited layer thickness, the increased pressure drop and heat transfer deterioration can be very significant.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to study fouling effects on thermohydraulic performance of a foam heat exchanger.