bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of Mortality After Severe Bleeding and Recurrent Myocardial Infarction in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kikkert Wouter J. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Vis Marije M. , Baan Jan , Koch Karel T. , Peters Ron J. , de Winter Robbert J. , Piek Jan J. , Tijssen Jan G.P. , Henriques José P.S. 
Published: August 2013

Background—
The prognosis of initial survivors of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is affected by both recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and severe bleeding. The aim of the current study was to investigate how mortality is affected in time after bleeding and recurrent MI.

Methods and Results—
From January 1, 2003, to July 31, 2008, a total of 2002 patients were treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment–elevation MI and followed up for the occurrence of recurrent MI and Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Arteries (GUSTO) severe bleeding. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 4 years of follow-up. In a time-dependent, covariate-adjusted Cox regression model, both bleeding and recurrent MI were associated with an increase in mortality shortly after the adverse event: hazard ratio, 14.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.69–26.84) for the first day after recurrent MI and 5.42 (95% CI, 2.88–10.22) for the first day after bleeding. Thereafter the risk of subsequent mortality gradually decreased but remained elevated long after a recurrent MI (hazard ratio, 4.95 [95% CI, 3.27–7.48] between 1 day and 1 year after recurrent MI and hazard ratio, 2.56 [95% CI, 1.56–4.21] beyond 1 year after recurrent MI), but decreased to nonsignificant level beyond 1 month after the bleeding (hazard ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.27–1.14]).

Conclusions—
The occurrence of both recurrent MI and bleeding in the first year after ST-segment–elevation MI is associated with subsequent mortality. The risk implication of recurrent MI, however, was greater and more sustained over time than that of severe bleeding.
The Glaring Gap, Anthropology, Religion, and Christianity in African Development
Authors: Harries Jim 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Careful reading of studies on language of education in Africa reveals a gaping gap in comprehension. A careful study of the history and practice of anthropology reveals a covert concealing of large arenas of knowledge about African societies from view. The above gaps in understanding result in debate on African development frequently ignoring ‘religion’. African development seems not to be progressing on its own; great ideas on development rooted in western thinking typically collapse when handed over to African management. This article considers how the above ‘gaps’ in anthropology and linguistic studies have contributed to the dummification of academia that has in turn handicapped Africa. It considers a new engagement with ‘religion’, especially Christianity, as the way forward.
An Intriguing Ecumenical Dialogue: Lutheran-Orthodox Encounters in Finland
Authors: Vogelaar Huub 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Finland is seen as a model country for ecumenism. For many years the country was almost monolithic Lutheran, but today Lutheranism is no longer a state religion. Yet, certain state-church structures still exist in this modern welfare state. Religiously Finland is characterized by strong secularization as well as by privatized faith. Since the 1960s minority churches came more to the forefront, in particular the Finnish Orthodox Church whose impact exceeds its small quantity. The Lutheran majority Church strongly facilitated the ecumenical dialogue with Eastern Orthodoxy, initially in international and later on in national perspective. In the article the development of this attractive discourse is highlighted. It became an appealing process of mutual learning between Eastern and Western Christianity.
Land Earth Sun Moon and the Father of Generations: An Historiography of Words for God in Sara Sikka
Authors: Lewis E.D. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The common word in Sara Sikka for the Christian god is amapu, a compound noun meaning ‘father of generations’. There is reason to believe that the word came into use after conversions to Roman Catholicism began on Flores in the early sixteenth century but the origin of the word is obscure. An examination of writing about Sikka and its language by early Jesuits and later SVD missionaries on Flores reveals, if not the origin of the word amapu, much about its meaning in relation to the values and cosmology of pre-Christian Sikkanese society, culture and thought. The historiographic evidence also points to how elements of classical Sikkanese traditions have survived in the Christian culture of Sikka.
MR imaging of articular cartilage at 1.5T and 3.0T: comparison of IDEAL 2D FSE and 3D SPGR with fat-saturated 2D FSE and 3D SPGR in a porcine model
Authors: Cha Jang Gyu , Yoo Jae Ho , Rhee Sun Jung , Hwang Seung Sik , Han Jong Kyu 
Published: August 2013

Background IDEAL technique is a robust fat-water separation method which is potentially useful in cartilage imaging with significant improvement in the cartilage signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Purpose To identify whether iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) improved diagnostic performance for IDEAL 2D fast spin echo (FSE) and 3D spoiled gradient-recalled echo (SPGR) versus fat-saturated (FS) protocols at 1.5 and 3.0 T in the evaluation of patella-femoral cartilage lesions. Material and Methods Forty-six artificial cartilage lesions were created in femoro-patellar articular cartilages of 11 porcine knees. All knees underwent MR examination at 1.5 and 3.0 T with MR protocol consisting of sagittal FS 2D FSE and 3D SPGR and IDEAL 2D FSE and IDEAL 3D SPGR, respectively. Qualitative assessment was performed to compare the diagnostic performance between 1.5- and 3.0-T protocols and between IDEAL and FS protocols. Results IDEAL 3D SPGR had a significantly higher accuracy for detecting partial thickness cartilage lesions ( P < 0.01) than FS SPGR protocols, whereas there was no significant difference in diagnostic performance between IDEAL and FS 2D FSE except for one cartilage lesion. For all imaging sequences, no significant difference was observed in the diagnostic performance between 1.5- and 3.0-T imaging protocols ( P = 0.42–0.91). Conclusion Compared with conventional FS SPGR imaging, IDEAL 3D SPGR provided a better diagnostic performance for evaluation of porcine knee articular cartilage lesions in the knee joints at 1.5 and 3.0 T. IDEAL 3D SPGR may therefore be useful for detecting partial-thickness cartilage lesions in patients with degenerative osteoarthritis.
Breastfeeding Practices among the Old Order Mennonites in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Norris Sarah , Collin Simon M. , Ingram Jenny 
Published: August 2013

Background: The Old Order Mennonites (OOM) of rural Ontario have a lifestyle that is very distinct from the rest of Canada. Breastfeeding practices among this community have not been described previously. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 2, 4, and 6 months; to compare the prevalence of EBF among OOM and Canadian women; to investigate factors associated with EBF at 6 months; and to gain qualitative insight into the breastfeeding practices of OOM women. Methods: Data on maternal characteristics, delivery factors, and infant feeding methods at birth and at 2, 4, and 6 months were obtained from medical records at the Elmira Medical Centre for all births to OOM women between January 2006 and December 2011. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 2 lactation consultants working at the Elmira Medical Centre. Results: Complete breastfeeding data were available for 195 of 225 OOM women (77.4%). The majority of OOM women initiated breastfeeding (87.9%); 81.4% continued to breastfeed exclusively at 2 months, 74.0% to 4 months, and 36.8% to 6 months. Women who had a homebirth (12.3%) had 2.6-fold higher odds of EBF at 6 months (odds ratio, 2.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-6.53) compared with women who delivered in a hospital. Cultural and religious influences and community support were suggested as reasons for the relatively high prevalence of EBF. Conclusion: Breastfeeding rates among OOM women are consistently higher in the first 6 months of life compared to the general Canadian population. Homebirth independently predicted increased odds of EBF at 6 months.
A damped algorithm for the split feasibility and fixed point problems
Authors: Li Cun-lin , Liou Yeong-Cheng , Yao Yonghong 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the split feasibility problem and the fixed point problem. We suggest a damped algorithm. Convergence theorem is proven.

MSC:47J25, 47H09, 65J15, 90C25.
Comparative genomic and transcriptome analyses of pathotypes of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri provide insights into mechanisms of bacterial virulence and host range
Authors: Jalan Neha , Kumar Dibyendu , Andrade Maxuel O , Yu Fahong , Jones Jeffrey B , Graham James H , White Frank F , Setubal João C , Wang Nian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundCitrus bacterial canker is a disease that has severe economic impact on citrus industries worldwide and is caused by a few species and pathotypes ofXanthomonas. X. citrisubsp.citristrain 306 (XccA306) is a type A (Asiatic) strain with a wide host range, whereas its variantX. citrisubsp.citristrain Aw12879 (Xcaw12879, Wellington strain) is restricted to Mexican lime.ResultsTo characterize the mechanism for the differences in host range of XccA and Xcaw, the genome of Xcaw12879 that was completed recently was compared with XccA306 genome. EffectorsxopAFandavrGf1are present in Xcaw12879, but were absent in XccA306. AvrGf1 was shown previously for Xcaw to cause hypersensitive response in Duncan grapefruit. Mutation analysis ofxopAFindicates that the gene contributes to Xcaw growth in Mexican lime but does not contribute to the limited host range of Xcaw. RNA-Seq analysis was conducted to compare the expression profiles of Xcaw12879 and XccA306 in Nutrient Broth (NB) medium and XVM2 medium, which induces hrp gene expression. Two hundred ninety two and 281 genes showed differential expression in XVM2 compared to in NB for XccA306 and Xcaw12879, respectively. Twenty-five type 3 secretion system genes were up-regulated in XVM2 for both XccA and Xcaw. Among the 4,370 common genes of Xcaw12879 compared to XccA306, 603 genes in NB and 450 genes in XVM2 conditions were differentially regulated. Xcaw12879 showed higher protease activity than XccA306 whereas Xcaw12879 showed lower pectate lyase activity in comparison to XccA306.ConclusionsComparative genomic analysis of XccA306 and Xcaw12879 identified strain specific genes. Our study indicated that AvrGf1 contributes to the host range limitation of Xcaw12879 whereas XopAF contributes to virulence. Transcriptome analyses of XccA306 and Xcaw12879 presented insights into the expression of the two closely related strains ofX. citrisubsp. citri. Virulence genes including genes encoding T3SS components and effectors are induced in XVM2 medium. Numerous genes with differential expression in Xcaw12879 and XccA306 were identified. This study provided the foundation to further characterize the mechanisms for virulence and host range of pathotypes ofX. citrisubsp. citri.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy versus local resection in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the duodenum
Authors: Zhou Bo , Zhang Min , Wu Jian , Yan Sheng , Zhou Jie , Zheng Shusen 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms. However, duodenal GISTs compromise a small and rare subset and few studies have focused on them. We evaluated the surgical management of patients with duodenal GISTs treated by pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) versus local resection (LR) in our institution and analyzed the postoperative outcomes.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of patients with duodenal GISTs managed in our institution from January 2006 to January 2012. Clinicopathologic findings and disease-free survival (DFS) of duodenal GIST patients were analyzed.

Results
A total of 48 patients were selected. The most common presentation was bleeding (60.4%), and the second portion of the duodenum (35.4%) was the most common dominant site. Of the patients, 34 (70.8%) underwent LR while 14 (29.2%) underwent PD. The surgical margins for all studied patients were free. Patients who ultimately underwent PD were more likely to present with a larger tumor (median size: PD, 6.3 cm vs LR, 4.0 cm; P = 0.02) and more commonly presented with a tumor in the second portion of the duodenum (second portion: PD, 64.3% vs LR, 23.5%; P = 0.007). The tumors treated by PD had a higher grade of risk compared with LR as defined by National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria (P = 0.019). PD was significantly associated with a longer operation time and a longer hospital stay compared to LR (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). In our study, the median follow-up period was 36 months (range: 0 to 81 months). The 1- and 3-year DFS was 100% and 88%, respectively. From multivariable analysis, the only significant factor associated with a worse DFS was an NIH high risk classification (hazard ratio = 4.24).

Conclusions
The recurrence of duodenal GIST was correlated to tumor biology rather than type of operation. PD was associated with a longer hospital stay and longer operation time. Therefore, LR with clear surgical margins should be considered a reliable and curative option for duodenal GIST and PD should be reserved for lesions not amenable to LR.
Duck Tembusu virus exhibits neurovirulence in BALB/c mice
Authors: Li Shuang , Li Xiaoxia , Zhang Lijiao , Wang Yongyue , Yu Xiuling , Tian Kegong , Su Wenliang , Han Bo , Su Jingliang 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Duck Tembusu virus is a member of the Ntaya group in the genus Flavivirus. The virus has been responsible for severe duck egg-drop syndrome in China since 2010. Its emergence and rapid spread have caused great economic loss for the poultry industry. The epidemiology of the virus infection and the potential threat to public health is of great concern because of the infective and zoonotic nature of flaviviruses.

Results
In this study, the pathogenicity of duck Tembusu virus in BALB/c mice was investigated. Infected mice developed clinical signs, including loss of appetite, ruffled hair, weight loss, disorientation, blindness and paralysis of hind limbs from six days post- infection following intracerebral inoculation. Morbidity was 100%, with mortality ranging from 20 to 80% in three- to eight-week-old mice. High virus titers were recovered from the brain, and the virus was distributed in several organs. Histologically, there was widespread non-suppurative encephalitis in the brain. Lymphocyte depletion in the spleen was observed, along with fatty degeneration in the liver and kidney.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that duck Tembusu virus is highly neurovirulent in BALB/c mice. The mouse model used in this work was able to produce Tembusu virus infection and could be useful for elucidating some of the aspects of the pathophysiology of other flavivirus infections.
LKB1 is a central regulator of tumor initiation and pro-growth metabolism in ErbB2-mediated breast cancer
Authors: Dupuy Fanny , Griss Takla , Blagih Julianna , Bridon Gäelle , Avizonis Daina , Ling Chen , Dong Zhifeng , Siwak Doris R , Annis Matthew G , Mills Gordon B , Muller William J , Siegel Peter M , Jones Russell G 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Germline and somatic mutations in STK11, the gene encoding the serine/threonine kinase LKB1, are strongly associated with tumorigenesis. While loss of LKB1 expression has been linked to breast cancer, the mechanistic role of LKB1 in regulating breast cancer development, metastasis, and tumor metabolism has remained unclear.

Methods
We have generated and analyzed transgenic mice expressing ErbB2 in the mammary epithelium of LKB1 wild-type or LKB1-deficient mice. We have also utilized ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells in which LKB1 levels have been reduced using shRNA approaches. These transgenic and xenograft models were characterized for the effects of LKB1 loss on tumor initiation, growth, metastasis and tumor cell metabolism.

Results
We demonstrate that loss of LKB1 promotes tumor initiation and induces a characteristic shift to aerobic glycolysis (‘Warburg effect’) in a model of ErbB2-mediated breast cancer. LKB1-deficient breast cancer cells display enhanced early tumor growth coupled with increased cell migratory and invasive properties in vitro. We show that ErbB2-positive tumors deficient for LKB1 display a pro-growth molecular and phenotypic signature characterized by elevated Akt/mTOR signaling, increased glycolytic metabolism, as well as increased bioenergetic markers both in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate that mTOR contributes to the metabolic reprogramming of LKB1-deficient breast cancer, and is required to drive glycolytic metabolism in these tumors; however, LKB1-deficient breast cancer cells display reduced metabolic flexibility and increased apoptosis in response to metabolic perturbations.

Conclusions
Together, our data suggest that LKB1 functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Loss of LKB1 collaborates with activated ErbB2 signaling to drive breast tumorigenesis and pro-growth metabolism in the resulting tumors.
Comparison of thermodilution measured extravascular lung water with chest radiographic assessment of pulmonary oedema in patients with acute lung injury
Authors: Brown Lisa M , Calfee Carolyn S , Howard James P , Craig Thelma R , Matthay Michael A , McAuley Daniel F 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) are characterized by pulmonary oedema, measured as extravascular lung water (EVLW). The chest radiograph (CXR) can potentially estimate the quantity of lung oedema while the transpulmonary thermodilution method measures the amount of EVLW. This study was designed to determine whether EVLW as estimated by a CXR score predicts EVLW measured by the thermodilution method and whether changes in EVLW by either approach predict mortality in ALI/ARDS.

Methods
Clinical data were collected within 48 hours of ALI/ARDS diagnosis and daily up to 14 days on 59 patients with ALI/ARDS. Two clinicians scored each CXR for the degree of pulmonary oedema, using a validated method. EVLW indexed to body weight was measured using the single indicator transpulmonary thermodilution technique.

Results
The CXR score had a modest, positive correlation with the EVLWI measurements (r = 0.35, p < 0.001). There was a 1.6 ml/kg increase in EVLWI per 10-point increase in the CXR score (p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 0.92-2.35). The sensitivity of a high CXR score for predicting a high EVLWI was 93%; similarly the negative predictive value was high at 94%; the specificity (51%) and positive predictive value (50%) were lower. The CXR scores did not predict mortality but the EVLW thermodilution did predict mortality.

Conclusion
EVLW measured by CXR was modestly correlated with thermodilution measured EVLW. Unlike CXR findings, transpulmonary thermodilution EVLWI measurements over time predicted mortality in patients with ALI/ARDS.
A Computational Study of Spike Time Reliability in Two Types of Threshold Dynamics
Authors: Yu Na , Li Yue-Xian , Kuske Rachel 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Spike time reliability (STR) refers to the phenomenon in which repetitive applications of a frozen copy of one stochastic signal to a neuron trigger spikes with reliable timing while a constant signal fails to do so. Observed and explored in numerous experimental and theoretical studies, STR is a complex dynamic phenomenon depending on the nature of external inputs as well as intrinsic properties of a neuron. The neuron under consideration could be either quiescent or spontaneously spiking in the absence of the external stimulus. Focusing on the situation in which the unstimulated neuron is quiescent but close to a switching point to oscillations, we numerically analyze STR treating each spike occurrence as a time localized event in a model neuron. We study both the averaged properties as well as individual features of spike-evoking epochs (SEEs). The effects of interactions between spikes is minimized by selecting signals that generate spikes with relatively long interspike intervals (ISIs). Under these conditions, the frequency content of the input signal has little impact on STR. We study two distinct cases, Type I in which the f–I relation (f for frequency, I for applied current) is continuous and Type II where the f–I relation exhibits a jump. STR in the two types shows a number of similar features and differ in some others. SEEs that are capable of triggering spikes show great variety in amplitude and time profile. On average, reliable spike timing is associated with an accelerated increase in the “action” of the signal as a threshold for spike generation is approached. Here, “action” is defined as the average amount of current delivered during a fixed time interval. When individual SEEs are studied, however, their time profiles are found important for triggering more precisely timed spikes. The SEEs that have a more favorable time profile are capable of triggering spikes with higher precision even at lower action levels.
Vermicompost as soil supplement to enhance growth, yield and quality of Triticum aestivum L.: a field study
Authors: Joshi Rakesh , Vig Adarsh P , Singh Jaswinder 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundVermicompost (VC) made from cattle dung as raw material was used as soil supplement in the plots of size 4.5 x 4.5 m. Five treatments were givenviz.Soil (control), VC@5 t/ha, VC@10 t/ha, VC@20 t/ha and NPK (recommended by PAU, Ludhiana) in triplicates in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). A total of 50 plants were selected randomly for the assessment of growth and yield of wheatTriticum aestivumL..ResultsMost of the growth, yield and quality parameters were found to be maximum in NPK treatment. All the growth, yield and quality parameters in vermicompost treatments varied significantly from control though differences within various vermicompost treatments were not found to be significant.ConclusionIt has been observed that there is no significant difference on applying higher doses of vermicompost and lowest dose (5 t/ha) is as effective as higher doses. So, vermicompost application is cost effective.