bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open‐source circuit simulation tools for RF compact semiconductor device modelling
Authors: Grabinski Wladek , Brinson Mike , Nenzi Paolo , Lannutti Francesco , Makris Nikolaos , Antonopoulos Angelos , Bucher Matthias 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYMOS‐Modelle und Parameterextraktion Arbeitskreis (MOS‐AK) is a European, independent compact modelling forum created by a group of engineers, researchers and compact modelling enthusiasts to promote advanced compact modelling techniques and model standardization using high‐level behavioural modelling languages such as VHDL‐AMS and Verilog‐A. This invited paper summarizes recent MOS‐AK open‐source compact model standardization activities and presents advanced topics in metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor modelling, focusing in particular on analogue/radio frequency applications. The paper discusses links between compact models and design methodologies, finally introducing elements of compact model standardization. The open‐source computer‐aided design tools Qucs, QucsStudio and ngspice all support Verilog‐A as a hardware description language for compact model standardization. Latter sections of this paper describe a Verilog‐A implementation of the EKV3 MOS transistor model. Additionally, the simulated radio frequency model performance is evaluated and compared with experimental results for 90 nm CMOS technology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal variability of winter snow and precipitation days in the western and central Spanish Pyrenees
Authors: Buisan Samuel T. , Saz Miguel Angel , López‐Moreno Juan I. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study we analysed the spatial distribution of the long‐term average and interannual variability of the number of snow days (NSD) and the number of precipitation days (NPD) in winter (DJFM) in the Spanish Pyrenees, using data from 38 meteorological stations for the period 1981–2010. The interannual variability of the NSD and the NPD in winter was related to the frequency of weather types over the Iberian Peninsula. Data from six stations were also used to analyse a longer time period (1961–2013) to confirm the consistency of the results obtained during the main study period (1981–2010).The results indicated that the NPD is only influenced by the distance to sea whereas the NSD is determined by elevation and distance to the sea. A high frequency of west (W), northwest (NW) and cyclonic (C) weather systems led to a high NPD in winter across the entire study area, whereas the frequency of north (N) weather types was only correlated with the NPD at the most westerly stations. For the NSD there was a gradient from the Western Pyrenees to eastern areas, mainly explained by the frequency of N weather types in the former area, and high frequencies of NW and W weather types associated with the latter. For most stations there was no significant trend found in the NPD or the NSD for the 1981–2010 period. However, a slight decrease was found for stations strongly correlated with NW weather types, and a slight increase was found for stations strongly correlated with the C weather type, which was related to a decreasing (increasing) frequency of NW (C) weather types during the same period. Analysis of the 1961–2013 and 1971–2000 time slices using a smaller subset of stations revealed a similar relationship between weather types and the NSD. This indicates that the 1981–2010 period is sufficiently representative to describe the relationship of the NSD and the NPD to weather type frequency. However, the study period chosen can markedly influence the trends observed, as the results showed a statistically significant decrease in the NSD for the 1971–2000 period, but no significant trends for the 1961–2013 and 1980–2010 periods.
Surgical treatment and results of 62 patients with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of bone
Authors: Angelini Andrea , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Gambarotti Marco , Merlino Biagio , Picci Piero , Ruggieri Pietro 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivePurpose of this retrospective study was (1) to evaluate overall survival and survival to local recurrence of patients with unifocal and multifocal tumor and (2) to evaluate survival to local recurrence after intralesional or wide surgery.Material and MethodsWe reviewed 62 patients with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of bone, treated from 1985 to 2010. Histological sections and immunohistochemistry were evaluated. Tumor presented as unifocal in 49 patients and as multifocal in 13.ResultsMean follow‐up was 9 years. Five patients (10%) with unifocal tumor progressed to multifocal. Overall survival was 92% at 10 years. Survival with unifocal tumor was significantly higher than survival with multifocal tumor. Survival to local recurrence was 76% at 10 years, significantly higher after wide resection than after intralesional surgery, while there was no statistical difference comparing unifocal and multifocal tumor. At multivariate analysis both variables showed no statistically significance.ConclusionWide surgical excision reduces the risk of local recurrence, but functional results and morbidity need to be considered individually when defining surgical indications. Due to the risk of radiation‐induced sarcomas, radiation therapy should be reserved to those cases not amenable to wide surgery or when lesions are seated locations difficult to treat. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:791–797. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eight‐element antenna array for diversity and mimo mobile terminal in LTE 3500 MHz band
Authors: Al‐Hadi Azremi Abdullah , Ilvonen Janne , Valkonen Risto , Viikari Ville 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA multiantenna system comprising of an eight‐element antenna array in mobile terminal is presented. In this work, two sets of eight‐element antenna structures based on capacitive coupling element and inverted‐F antennas operating at 3400–3600 MHz long‐term evolution frequency band are designed. The structures are estimated to achieve a good effective diversity gain in both uniform and nonuniform environments. It is also shown that the proposed structures achieve an ergodic multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) capacity of only 1.2 bit/(s Hz) lower than the capacity achieved by ideal uncorrelated antennas. A prototype is fabricated to validate the simulation results. The result shows that the structure exhibited the highest mutual coupling of −10 dB across the required frequency band. Therefore, the proposed structure is a good candidate for implementing diversity and MIMO in mobile terminals. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1323–1327, 2014
Design of a high‐gain ultra‐wideband slot antenna using frequency selective surface
Authors: Kushwaha Nagendra , Kumar Raj , Oli Tuhina 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA CPW‐feed prototype slot antenna for ultra‐wideband applications is proposed. The slot is made by etching on the ground plane, the union of two elliptical structures placed at right angles. The fractal shape antenna is excited by two stepped CPW feed. To enhance the gain, a compact ultra‐wideband frequency selective surface (FSS) structure is designed and implemented. The measured impedance bandwidth of antenna with and without FSS is nearly same and equal to 9.0 GHz from 3.6 to 12.6 GHz. The measured peak gain varies from 3 to 5 dB without FSS and from 5 to 12.5 dB with FSS. Measured results are found in good agreement with the simulated results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1498–1502, 2014
Ultra‐wideband tapered patch antenna with fractal slots for dual notch application
Authors: Zarrabi Ferdows B. , Shire A.M. , Rahimi Maryam , Gandji Navid P. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, the ultra‐wideband tapered patch antenna with fractal slots for dual notch application is presented. The antenna is printed on FR‐4 low‐cost substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm. Total dimensions of the antenna is 45 × 44 × 1.6 mm3. In here, fractal slots was applied to represent dual notch band characteristics. The final antenna as demonstrated in this article has two rejection bands at 3 and 5 GHz and the antenna covers 2.1–12 GHz frequency band with the VSWR of less than 2. The current distribution in notch frequency and efficiency was checked for the whole frequency band and the maximum antenna gain is between 2 and 6 dBi. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the HFSS simulation ones. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1344–1348, 2014
Compact phased array antenna system based on dual‐band operations
Authors: Ren Han , Shao Jin , Zhou Rongguo , Arigong Bayaner , Zhang Hualiang 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents a novel approach to shrink the size of the conventional phased array antenna fed by Butler matrix. The proposed size reduction of the phased array antenna is obtained by designing the whole system to operate at dual frequency bands. Due to the dual‐band operation, an N‐element phased array antenna can be used to generate 2N radiation beams, leading to a great size reduction. To verify this design concept, a dual‐band feed network is built based on a dual‐band 4 × 4 Butler matrix. By integrating this dual‐band feed network with a four‐element antenna array, eight distinct radiation beams can be realized. An experimental prototype operating at 5 and 8 GHz is designed and fabricated. It can achieve the same function as the conventional phased array antenna system using single‐band 8 × 8 Butler matrix, realizing a great size reduction. The simulated and measured results show good agreement with the design theory. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1391–1396, 2014
An efficient modeling approach for multilayered dielectric embedded with periodic metal
Authors: Zhao Teng , Song Jiming , Kamgaing Telesphor , Mekonnen Yidnekachew S. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, an accurate and efficient approach to model the multilayered dielectric with periodic metal inclusions is presented. The modeling combines effective medium theory and an efficient integral equation approach. Numerical results are provided to validate the accuracy and efficiency of this approach. Printed circuit board‐based test structures are fabricated and measured to compare with the modeling results. Good agreements have been observed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1387–1391, 2014
Effects of an ordinary adhesive material on radiation characteristics of a dielectric resonator antenna
Authors: Faiz Alam M. , Gogosh Nayab , Khan Shahid A. , Shafique Muhammad Farhan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article reports the impact of using an ordinary adhesive material to bond a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) to the ground plane to predict the potential variations in resonant frequency and impedance bandwidth of DRA. A set of aperture fed and monopole fed cylindrical DRAs have been analyzed at resonant frequencies of 2.4 and 8.9 GHz. For DRAs resonating at 2.4 GHz, an upward resonance frequency shift of 6.2% along with increase of 1.4 to 2% in impedance bandwidth have been observed. However, a significant shift of 12% in the resonant frequency and 17–20% increase in impedance bandwidth have been observed for DRAs operating at 8.9 GHz. End‐fire TM01 mode has been excited in the DRAs, and it has been observed that the adhesive material has not affected the operating resonant mode. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1502–1506, 2014
A motor's rotational angle sensor based on fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Cheng Chin‐Hsing , Hung Sung‐Chen , Liu Wen‐Fung 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article develops an optical fiber sensor using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a piezo‐electrical transducer (PZT) to measure a motor's rotational angle. By mounting an FBG on a PZT bar, a dynamic strain simulator was constructed. The equivalent voltage produced by the potentiometer caused by the rotational angle of a motor's shaft was applied to the PZT and converted to the dynamic variation of the FBG Bragg wavelength. The motor's rotational angle was attained by measuring the changing value of the wavelength. The experimental results demonstrate that a high sensitivity of 0.459 pm/deg is achieved over a range of 0° to 270°. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1449–1452, 2014
A novel KCNA1 mutation causing episodic ataxia type I
Authors: Lassche Saskia , Lainez Sergio , Bloem Bastiaan R. , van de Warrenburg Bart P.C. , Hofmeijer Jeannette , Lemmink Henny H. , Hoenderop Joost G.J. , Bindels René J.M. , Drost Gea 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe describe the clinical phenotype of a novel de novo KNCA1 mutation, and functional characterization of the effects of the mutation on Kv1.1 channel function. HEK293 cells were transfected transiently with either wild‐type or mutant channels. Representative currents were evoked after application of a series of square voltage steps from −80 mV to +50 mV in 200‐ms intervals from Vh = −80 mV. Extracellular K+ was added to evoke tail currents. Equal amounts of wild‐type and Kv1.1I262M mutant DNA were transfected transiently in HEK293 cells to evaluate the influence of the mutation. We found that Kv1.1I262M leads to a defective voltage‐gated potassium channel. Coexpression studies revealed a dominant‐negative effect. We describe the phenotype of a novel KCNA1 mutation causing episodic ataxia. Patch‐clamp studies confirm the pathogenicity of the mutation in vitro and suggest that it is dominant with respect to wild‐type. Muscle Nerve 50:289–291, 2014
Detection of biofilm in bronchoalveolar lavage from children with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: Marsh Robyn L. , Thornton Ruth B. , Smith‐Vaughan Heidi C. , Richmond Peter , Pizzutto Susan J. , Chang Anne B. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in lower airway specimens from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is well established. To date, biofilm has not been demonstrated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from people with non‐CF bronchiectasis. The aim of this study was to determine (i) if biofilm was present in BAL from children with and without bronchiectasis, and (ii) if biofilm detection differed between sequentially collected BAL.MethodsTesting for biofilm in two sequentially collected BAL from children with and without bronchiectasis was done using BacLight™ live–dead staining and lectin staining for extracellular polymeric biofilm matrices. Bacterial culture and cytological measures were performed on the first and second lavages, respectively. Clinically important BAL infection was defined as >104 cfu of respiratory pathogens/ml BAL.ResultsBiofilm was detected in BAL from seven of eight (87.5%) children with bronchiectasis (aged 0.8–6.9 years), but was not detected in any of three controls (aged 1.3–8.6 years). The biofilms contained both live and dead bacteria irrespective of antibiotic use prior to bronchoscopy. Biofilm was detected more frequently in the second lavage than the first. Three of the seven biofilm‐positive BAL were culture‐positive for respiratory pathogens at clinically important levels.ConclusionsBiofilm is present in BAL from children with non‐CF bronchiectasis even when BAL‐defined clinically important infection was absent. Studies to characterize lower airway biofilms and determine how biofilm contributes to bronchiectasis disease progression and treatment outcomes are necessary. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:284–292. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation of pulmonary function abnormalities with dose volume histograms in children treated with lung irradiation
Authors: De Aliva , Kamath Sunil , Wong Kenneth , Olch Arthur J. , Malvar Jemily , Sposto Richard , Mascarenhas Leo , Keens Thomas G. , Venkatramani Rajkumar 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundThere is limited data on pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities in children treated with modern irradiation techniques. PFT abnormalities have not been correlated with the dose and volume of irradiation.MethodsA retrospective chart review of PFTs and clinical outcomes in children who received radiation therapy (RT) at Children's Hospital Los Angeles between 1999 and 2009 was performed. Radiation dose distribution to normal lung tissue was calculated.ResultsForty‐nine patients had PFTs available post‐RT at a median time of 2.91 years (range, 0.01–8.28) from irradiation. Sixty‐seven percent of patients had at least one PFT abnormality on their last available study. The most common abnormality was obstructive lung disease (24%) followed by hyperinflation (20%). Thoracic surgery prior to RT increased the odds of an abnormal FEV1, RV/TLC, and obstructive disease. The sex of the patient, age at the time of irradiation, and time of the PFT after irradiation did not have a significant association with abnormalities. The mean lung dose, maximum lung dose, and prescribed dose of radiation were significantly associated with the development of PFT abnormalities. The odds of developing an abnormal PFT increased with increase in the minimum threshold dose (Vdose) of radiation, mostly above V20.ConclusionPFT abnormalities are common even when modern radiation techniques are used. A significant correlation between radiation parameters and PFT abnormalities was noted. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:596–603. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effect of Silicon Powder Characteristics on the Combustion of Silicon/Teflon/Viton Nanoenergetics
Authors: Terry Brandon C. , Lin Ya‐Cheng , Manukyan Khachatur V. , Mukasyan Alexander S. , Son Steven F. , Groven Lori J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDue to its thin passivation layer, potentially good aging characteristics, and ease of surface functionalization nanoscale silicon (Si) may offer some advantages over nanoaluminum as a reactive fuel in nanoenergetic compositions, particularly with fluorine‐based oxidizers. Currently, Si nanopowder can be quite expensive and the quality of commercial powders has been found to vary drastically. As a result limited efforts have focused on the role of specific surface area, active content, morphology, and dominant particle size of the powder have on the combustion performance. In this work we report the effect of such characteristics on the combustion of silicon (Si)/polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)/FC‐2175 (Viton) (SiTV) nanoenergetics. A cost effective combustion synthesis route, salt assisted combustion synthesis, was used to produce several Si powders and these were directly compared to commercial nanoscale Si powders. Reactive mixtures of SiTV were burned at atmospheric conditions and burning rates, combustion temperatures, spectral intensities, and effective plume emissivities were measured. Measured combustion temperatures ranged from 1664 to 2380 K and were limited by Si powder active content. This was found to drive plume emissivity and maximum spectral intensity, which had values ranging from 0.10 to 0.55 for effective plume emissivity and 17.6 to 48.1 kW m−2 sr−1 μm−1 for maximum spectral intensity. Burning rates ranged from 0.7 to 3.4 mm s−1 and were found to be dependent on the dominant particle size of the powder. Powders synthesized with salt assisted combustion resulted in comparable burning rate, plume emissivity and maximum spectral intensity to porous Si powder (Vesta Ceramics).
Synthesis of 5‐(1H‐Tetrazolyl)‐1‐hydroxy‐tetrazole and Energetically Relevant Nitrogen‐Rich Ionic Derivatives
Authors: Fischer Dennis , Klapötke Thomas M. , Reymann Marius , Schmid Philipp C. , Stierstorfer Jörg , Sućeska Muhamed 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSodium 5‐cyanotetrazolate sesquihydrate (1) was prepared from sodium azide and two equivalents of sodium cyanide under acidic conditions. Sodium 5‐cyanotetrazolate sesquihydrate (1) reacts with hydroxylammonium chloride to form 5‐aminohydroximoyl tetrazole (2). 5‐Aminohydroximoyl tetrazole (2) is treated with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid to form 5‐chlorohydroximoyl‐tetrazole (3). The chloride azide exchange yields 5‐azidohydroximoyl‐tetrazole monohydrate (4). When compound 4 is treated with hydrochloric acid, 5‐(1H‐tetrazolyl)‐1‐hydroxytetrazole (5) is obtained in good yield. Compound 5 can be deprotonated twice by various bases. Different ionic derivatives such as bis(hydroxylammonium) (6), bis(hydrazinium) (7), bis(guanidinium) (8), bis(aminoguanidinium) (9), bis(ammonium) (10), and diaminouronium (11) 5‐(1‐oxidotetrazolyl)‐tetrazolate were synthesized and characterized. With respect to energetic use salts 6 and 7 are most relevant. Compounds 3–9 and 11 were characterized using low temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. All compounds were investigated by NMR and vibrational (IR, Raman) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The sensitivities towards impact (4: 4 J, 5: 40 J, 6: 12 J, 7: 40 J), friction: (4: 60 N, 5: 240 N, 6: 216 N, 7: 240 N), and electrical discharge (5: 0.40 J, 6: 0.75 J, 7: 0.75 J), were investigated using BAM standards and a small scale electrostatic discharge tester. The detonation parameters of 5–7 were calculated using the EXPLO5.06 code and calculated (CBS‐4 M) enthalpy of formation values.
Crystal structure of Bombyx mori arylphorins reveals a 3:3 heterohexamer with multiple papain cleavage sites
Authors: Hou Yong , Li Jianwei , Li Yi , Dong Zhaoming , Xia Qingyou , Yuan Y. Adam 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn holometabolous insects, the accumulation and utilization of storage proteins (SPs), including arylphorins and methionine‐rich proteins, are critical for the insect metamorphosis. SPs function as amino acids reserves, which are synthesized in fat body, secreted into the larval hemolymph and taken up by fat body shortly before pupation. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of digestion and utilization of SPs during development are largely unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of Bombyx mori arylphorins at 2.8 Å, which displays a heterohexameric structural arrangement formed by trimerization of dimers comprising two structural similar arylphorins. Our limited proteolysis assay and microarray data strongly suggest that papain‐like proteases are the major players for B. mori arylphorins digestion in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with the biochemical data, dozens of papain cleavage sites are mapped on the surface of the heterohexameric structure of B. mori arylphorins. Hence, our results provide the insightful information to understand the metamorphosis of holometabolous insects at molecular level.
HEC‐RPT — Software for Facilitating Development of River Management Alternatives
Authors: Hickey J. T. , Newbold S. J. , Warner A. T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Regime Prescription Tool (RPT) is a software program designed to help groups of scientists, engineers, and water managers access hydrologic data and draft flow recommendations while formulating different ways to manage rivers. It is a communications tool and contributes in the early stages of planning by formalizing ideas and expert knowledge into a structure easily visualized and considered in more detailed analytical tools. Applying RPT helps organize and focus group conversations that seek to create consensus‐based alternatives for water management. This paper introduces the software and its role in water resources planning. An RPT application used in the definition of environmental flows for the McKenzie River, Oregon, USA, is presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.