bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Identification of Acrylic Fibers by Polymer Composition as Determined by Infared Spectroscopy and Physical Characteristics
Authors: Smalldon KW 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Acrylic fibers are now regularly encountered in the investigation of crime mainly due to their widespread use in the manufacture of outer clothing and carpets. Although acrylic fibers are easily recognized as a group, making a specific identification is particularly difficult. The sample available for identification and comparison in forensic science laboratories may be restricted to a few single fibers, a condition which imposes severe limitations on the value of existing identification schemes for acrylic fibers.
Dental Identification of Aircraft-Accident Fatalities
Authors: Sopher IM 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The identification of the dead represents a humane and moral responsibility that often comes to rest upon the shoulders of the dentist. The identification of unknown human remains is mandatory for legal certification of death, which is prerequisite to the culmination of subsequent legal events, such as the settlement of wills, awarding of insurance benefits, termination of business affairs, and remarriage of survivors. In deaths resulting from accidents, certification of death is necessary prior to the possible institution of legal action involving negligent parties. From the standpoint of the aerospace pathologist or other persons concerned with air safety and improvement of the man-machine relationship as it applies to aircraft, the identification of air-crash victims enables an assessment to be made regarding the seating location of those involved so as in turn to allow reconstruction of crash mechanics and the mechanism of injury patterns. In addition, identification of the crewmembers enables the pathologist to assess the role played by natural disease in a given accident. As an example, a question may arise as to whether the pilot suffered a fatal heart attack that resulted in the accident. The pathologist may have found a diseased heart, but is it from the pilot or whom?
Incompetency to Stand Trial: A Difference of Opinion
Authors: Ciccone JR , Nadeau RE 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The issue of competency to stand trial has long been argued by lawyers and phychiatrists in private discussions and open court, in brief letters and lengthy books. There has been effort directed toward establishing legal and psychiatric standards which, despite the shortcomings of our language and knowledge, could be applied evenly and logically to determine a person's competency to stand trial [1–3].
Postmortem Chemistries on Blood with Particular Reference to Urea Nitrogen, Electrolytes, and Bilirubin
Authors: Coe JI 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A great deal of work has been done on postmortem chemistry of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and vitreous humor with the hope that biochemical abnormalities which exist during life can be demonstrated from examination of postmortem material. The author began investigation into this field in 1967 by performing tests on both serum and vitreous humor taken from cadavers at varying postmortem intervals. The results of the investigations on vitreous humor have already been published [1,2] as well as some of the studies on postmortem serum [3,4]. The following material represents part of the original investigation and has been presented orally both formally [5] and informally, but has never been available for review by other people interested in the subject.
Systems Analysts Look at the Crime Laboratory
Authors: Benson WR , Stacy JE , Nicol JD 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Systems analysis has emerged as a scientific discipline only in recent times; nonetheless, the study of systems is by no means a new pursuit of the human mind. The development of a set of standards and procedures or a concept of society or even a theory of the universe is as old as history itself. Man has always sought to find relationships that could provide satisfactory explanations for what he sees, hears, or imagines. Indeed, the history of both the physical and social sciences has been a continuing enlargement upon this theme. The scientific method of inquiry, which demands relevant and dependable relationships for its results, is systems analysis in its broadest sense.
L-DOPA Poisioning
Authors: Sturner WQ , Garriott JC 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The medical therapy for Parkinson's disease, especially in younger patients, has recently included L-DOPA, the generic name for levodihydroxyphenylalanine. The prescribed therapeutic amounts of this drug have been suggested and the resulting circulating blood concentrations documented [1]. We have recently observed what appears to be the first death from an overdose of this drug, affording an opportunity to perform distribution studies on the tissues and fluids. Meprobamate and flurazepam (Dalmane) were also recovered, but in trace to therapeutic amounts.
Toxicological Data for Fatalities due to Carbon Monoxide and Barbiturates in Ontario—A 4-Year Survey, 1965–1968
Authors: Cimbura G , McGarry E , Daigle J 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The Toxicology Section of the Centre of Forensic Sciences is the only provincial forensic laboratory in Ontario and thus provides toxicological services for the entire Province in investigations of a criminal or medicolegal nature.
Analysis and Survey of Marine Fuels and Pollution Samples
Authors: Rouen RA , Reeve VC 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The types of oil spills generally encountered in the harbors of British Columbia have consisted of oil mixtures from the ships' bilges. These mixtures are generally bunker fuels, intermediate diesel fuels, and lubricating oils. Such spilled petroleum mixtures have been collected from the surface of the water or from beaches, log booms, and piers [1]. Collected samples may range in volume from one litre to microlitre quantities.
A Review of “Flight Characteristics and Stain Patterns of Human Blood”
Authors: Vagnina LL 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Mr. MacDonnell's object in writing Flight Characteristics and Stain Patterns of Human Blood was to advance the state of the art in an area of forensic science that has been neglected. The author states that the guides are just suggestions and not firm rules and will rarely be conclusive in and of themselves. The research was initiated because of the author's belief that there is a deficiency in documented knowledge regarding bloodstain evidence. Literature searched by the author contained little beyond elementary rules for establishing the direction of travel or simple correlations of a general character as a function of the distance a drop falls. The literature search included Dr. Kirk's text on Crime Investigation. However, the author states that the most comprehensive source of accurate information on this subject to date is the 1955 affidavit of the late Dr. Paul Kirk regarding his investigation of the Dr. Samuel Sheppard murder case. Mr. MacDonnell often refers to Dr. Kirk and states that in all instances the current investigation has verified both the accuracy and conclusions of Dr. Kirk's earlier work.
Renaissance for the Transsexual: A New Birth Certificate
Authors: Schroeder LO 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The twentieth century has seen tremendous advances in medicine. In many instances collaborative efforts with law are needed for the maximum implementation of these. Compulsory vaccination is an example, for the applicable public health statutes designed to eliminate smallpox required a United States Supreme Court decision to establish their validity. The area of organ transplants with its attendant complicated problems concerning the moment of death, informed consent, and the right to the deceased's body is another medical field fraught with legal problems. The list is long. Added recently is concern over obtaining a new birth certificate for the transsexual who has undergone surgery to change or reassign his sex, a certificate which will reflect this change.
Pathologic Criteria of Radiation Injury
Authors: Warren S 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The many lesions associated with response to radiation are best considered on the base of dose, amount of body irradiated, duration of the radiation exposure, and time since exposure. Ionizing radiation of different types—X-ray, radium, neutrons—produces essentially similar effects, allowing for differences in dose and in linear energy transfer. The symptomatic reaction to overwhelming whole-body doses of radiation—thousands of rads—is almost immediate disorientation or coma with prompt death. There is no distinctive lesion present at death because of insufficient time for its development. In those few who survive some hours, generalized erythema appears. When tissues are examined histologically, there is little obvious change. Necrosis may be present in lymphoid tissues, as well as congestion and phagocytosis of lymphocytes and red blood cells by reticulum cells and macrophages. Mitosis is absent in tissues where normally active, such as germinal centers of lymphoid tissue, hematopoietic tissue in general, crypts of the intestinal glands, and testes.
Examination of Gunshot Residues
Authors: Stone IC , Petty CS 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The examination of gunshot residues in a forensic science laboratory should be a series of integrated procedures. The Southwestern Institute of Forensic Sciences includes both the Office of the Medical Examiner and the Criminal Investigation Laboratory. Accordingly, a unique opportunity for comprehensive and coordinated examination of gunshot residues presents itself. This paper deals with those aspects involving items of clothing and deposits which may be present on the hand; the pathological evidence is not covered.
Discoloration Effect of Diluents in Contraband Cocaine
Authors: Dugar S , Catalano T , Cerrato R 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the course of police investigations of confiscated drug samples, cocaine mixtures of various shades from white to brown have been encountered and analyzed at the Crime Laboratory of the New York City Police Department. Slight discoloration of cocaine mixtures is within reason, in view of the reported discoloration of lactose [1,2] and of lactose-amphetamine [3–5] upon storage.
Students’ Ability and Difficulties in Understanding English Text (A Study at English Program IAIN Padangsidimpuan)
Authors: Harida Eka Sustri 
Published: July 2015

This study deals with the ability of the students to understand English texts and types of their reading strategies. It is believed that reading strategies help students improve their reading comperehension. Based on this theory, then, the qualitative research was carried out to describe students’ reading ability and types of strategy they used. Data were collected through questionnaires that have been distributed to 34 students. They were also observed and tested. It was found that the students’ ability in understanding text was still low. They had many problems in understanding English texts because they did not apply appropriate reading strategies in their reading activities. Their low reading comprehension was due to their lack of reading strategies. Copyright © 2014 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Significance of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT positive pulmonary lesions in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Baskin A. , Amzalag G. , Buchegger F. , Miralbell R. , Ratib O. , Zilli T. , Garibotto V. , Rager O. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryAim: To assess the frequency and the significance of incidental pulmonary lesions with 18F-fluorocholine (18F-FCH) PET/CT in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Patients, methods: 225 consecutive PCa patients referred for 18F-FCH PET/CT (median age 68 years) were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of lesions in the lungs: 173 referred for restaging and 52 for initial staging regarding their high risk of extra prostatic extension. The final diagnosis was based on histopathological or on clinical and radiological follow-up. Results: 13 patients had 18F-FCH positive pulmonary and 8 patients malignant lesions: 5 patients (38%) had a primary lung cancer (2 squamous cell carcinomas, 1 papillary adenocarcinoma, 1 typical pulmonary carcinoid, 1 bronchioloalveolar carcinoma) and 3 patients (23%) PCa metastases. Benign lesions were found in 5 subjects (38%). SUVmax and maximum diameter were neither significantly different in primary and metastatic tumors nor between malignant and benign lesions. Conclusions: Although our results suggest that incidental uptake in the lungs in PCa patients are nonspecific, their detection may have a significant impact on patient management knowing that more than 60% represent malignant diseas.
Local trend disparities of European minimum and maximum temperature extremes
Authors: Franzke Christian L. E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEcosystems and societies are highly vulnerable to extreme temperatures and to changes in the range of temperatures at local scales. Here I will show how trends in warm and cold extremes have evolved over the last six decades in Europe on local scales. Comparing the slopes of two extreme quantiles demonstrates that there are significant disparities in trends of cold and warm temperature extremes at many locations in Europe. At some locations the range of extreme cold and hot temperatures increases, while at other locations it decreases. These results suggest that at some locations both warm and cold extremes intensify which seems to be contradictory to the prevailing view of global warming in which both cold and warm temperatures are expected to increase.
Lubricin Restoration in a Mouse Model of Congenital Deficiency
Authors: Hill Adele , Waller Kimberly A. , Cui Yajun , Allen Justin M. , Smits Patrick , Zhang Ling X. , Ayturk Ugur M. , Hann Steven , Lessard Samantha G. , Zurakowski David , Warman Matthew L. , Jay Gregory D. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveCongenital deficiency of the principal boundary lubricant in cartilage (i.e., lubricin, encoded by the gene PRG4) increases joint friction and causes progressive joint failure. This study was undertaken to determine whether restoring lubricin expression in a mouse model would prevent, delay, or reverse the disease process caused by congenital deficiency.MethodsUsing genetically engineered lubricin‐deficient mice, we restored gene function before conception or at ages 3 weeks, 2 months, or 6 months after birth. The effect of restoring gene function (i.e., expression of lubricin) on the tibiofemoral patellar joints of mice was evaluated histologically and by ex vivo biomechanical testing.ResultsRestoring gene function in mice prior to conception prevented joint disease. In 3‐week‐old mice, restoring gene function improved, but did not normalize, histologic features of the articular cartilage and whole‐joint friction. In addition, cyclic loading of the joints produced fewer activated caspase 3–containing chondrocytes when lubricin expression was restored, as compared to that in littermate mice whose gene function was not restored (nonrestored controls). Restoration of lubricin expression in 2‐month‐old or 6‐month‐old mice had no beneficial effect on histopathologic cartilage damage, extent of whole‐joint friction, or activation of caspase 3 when compared to nonrestored controls.ConclusionWhen boundary lubrication is congenitally deficient and cartilage becomes damaged, the window of opportunity for restoring lubrication and slowing disease progression is limited.
Study of fluorescence interaction and conformational changes of bovine serum albumin with histamineH1‐receptor–drug epinastine hydrochloride by spectroscopic and time‐resolved fluorescence methods
Authors: Ariga Girish G. , Naik Praveen N. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T. , Chimatadar Shivamurti A. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe fluorescence, ultraviolet (UV) absorption, time resolved techniques, circular dichroism (CD), and infrared spectral methods were explored as tools to investigate the interaction between histamine H1drug, epinastine hydrochloride (EPN), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) under simulated physiological conditions. The experimental results showed that the quenching of the BSA by EPN was static quenching mechanism and also confirmed by lifetime measurements. The value ofnclose to unity indicated that one molecule of EPN was bound to protein molecule. The binding constants (K) at three different temperatures were calculated (7.1 × 104, 5.5 × 104, and 3.9 × 104M−1). Based on the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0,ΔG0, andΔS0), the nature of binding forces operating between drug and protein was proposed. The site of binding of EPN in the protein was proposed to be Sudlow's site I based on displacement experiments using site markers viz, warfarin, ibuprofen, and digitoxin. Based on the Förster's theory of non‐radiation energy transfer, the binding average distance, r between the donor (BSA) and acceptor (EPN) was evaluated and found to be 4.48 nm. The UV–visible, synchronous fluorescence, CD, and three‐dimensional fluorescence spectral results revealed the changes in secondary structure of the protein upon its interaction with EPN. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 646–657, 2015.
The Effect of C4H and C5H on the Microstructure of Aqueous Solutions of 1‐Alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Xu Yingjie , Li Haoran 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAs is well‐known, the C2H proton of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Emim]BF4) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4) has a strong ability to form hydrogen bonds. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effect of the interactions of the C4H and C5H protons on the microstructure of [Emim]BF4 and [Bmim]BF4 with water by using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The differences between the relative 1H NMR chemical shifts of C2H, C4H, and C5H and between the interaction‐energy parameters obtained from these chemical shifts are minor, thus suggesting that the interactions of C4H and C5H may have a considerable effect on the microstructure. To confirm this, the viscosities of the systems are estimated by using the interaction‐energy parameters obtained from the 1H NMR chemical shifts of the three studied aromatic protons and water, showing that the interactions of C4H and C5H also play an important role in the microstructure.
Two‐level consistent splitting methods based on three corrections for the time‐dependent Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Liu Qingfang , Hou Yanren , Wang Zhiheng , Zhao Jiakun 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThree kinds of two‐level consistent splitting algorithms for the time‐dependent Navier–Stokes equations are discussed. The basic technique of two‐level type methods for solving the nonlinear problem is first to solve a nonlinear problem in a coarse‐level subspace, then to solve a linear equation in a fine‐level subspace. Hence, the two‐level methods can save a lot of work compared with the one‐level methods. The approaches to linearization are considered based on Stokes, Newton, and Oseen corrections. The stability and convergence demonstrate that the two‐level methods can acquire the optimal accuracy with the proper choice of the coarse and fine mesh scales. Numerical examples show that Stokes correction is the simplest, Newton correction has the best accuracy, while Oseen correction is preferable for the large Reynolds number problems and the long‐time simulations among the three methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Insights into the Mechanism of Reduction of Tertiary Phosphine Oxides by Means of Phenylsilane
Authors: Demchuk Oleg M. , Jasiński Radomir , Pietrusiewicz K. Michał 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe mechanism of the reduction of phosphine oxides by PhSiH3 was established on the basis of kinetic measurements and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. In particular, it has been proved that the model reaction between tri‐n‐butylphosphine oxide and phenylsilane occurs via a nonpolar mechanism. The data presented herein allow prediction and verification of the applicability of the new reduction reagents and conditions for industrially attractive processes.
In vitro cytotoxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on neuronal and glial cells. Evaluation of nanoparticle interference with viability tests
Authors: Costa Carla , Brandão Fátima , Bessa Maria João , Costa Solange , Valdiglesias Vanessa , Kiliç Gözde , Fernández‐Bertólez Natalia , Quaresma Pedro , Pereira Eulália , Pásaro Eduardo , Laffon Blanca , Teixeira João Paulo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSuperparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) have attracted great interest for use in several biomedical fields. In general, they are considered biocompatible, but little is known of their effects on the human nervous system. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of two ION (magnetite), coated with silica and oleic acid, previously determining the possible interference of the ION with the methodological procedures to assure the reliability of the results obtained. Human neuroblastoma SHSY5Y and glioblastoma A172 cells were exposed to different concentrations of ION (5–300 µg ml–1), prepared in complete and serum‐free cell culture medium for three exposure times (3, 6 and 24 h). Cytotoxicity was evaluated by means of the MTT, neutral red uptake and alamar blue assays. Characterization of the main physical–chemical properties of the ION tested was also performed. Results demonstrated that both ION could significantly alter absorbance readings. To reduce these interferences, protocols were modified by introducing additional washing steps and cell‐free systems. Significant decreases in cell viability were observed for both cell lines in specific conditions by all assays. In general, oleic acid‐coated ION were less cytotoxic than silica‐coated ION; besides, a serum‐protective effect was observed for both ION studied and cell lines. These results contribute to increase the knowledge of the potential harmful effects of ION on the human nervous system. Understanding these effects is essential to establish satisfactory regulatory policies on the safe use of magnetite nanoparticles in biomedical applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Tensile Properties of Polylactide (PLA)/Arenga Pinnata “Ijuk” Fibre Composite
Authors: Chalid M. , Rahman Arif , Ferdian R. , Nofrijon  , Priyono B. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryComposite as a plastic material derivative was widely used in various facets of life. Problems arising from the use of these common materials, among others, lies in the processing of components' waste that has reached the end of its life span. Through the use of polymeric materials derived from natural materials, namely poly lactic acid / polylactide (PLA), as well as reinforcing material prepared from natural fibers such asArenga pinnata/ ijuk fibers, polymer composites was made by hot compression molding (hot pressing). Chemical treatments with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with a set treatment time and concentration were conducted on short fibres to improve compatibility with the matrix. Moreover, the effect of variation of volume fraction will be observed in the form of reinforcement levels (10, 20, and 30% of the total weight of starting material) on the properties (tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation) of the resulting composites. The properties in question are tensile properties, and fibre – matrix compatibility. It was expected that the treatment would bring positive effect to the mechanical properties of composite and compatibility of fibre and matrix compared to the ones without treatment.