bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bcl-3 deficiency protects against dextran-sodium sulphate-induced colitis in the mouse
Authors: O'Carroll C , Moloney G , Hurley G , Melgar S , Brint E , Nally K , Nibbs R J , Shanahan F , Carmody R J 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Bcl-3 is a member of the IκB family of proteins and is an essential negative regulator of Toll-like receptor-induced responses. Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism associated with reduced Bcl-3 gene expression has been identified as a potential risk factor for Crohn's disease. Here we report that in contrast to the predictions of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis demonstrate elevated Bcl-3 mRNA expression relative to healthy individuals. To explore further the potential role of Bcl-3 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we used the dextran-sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced model of colitis in Bcl-3−/− mice. We found that Bcl-3−/− mice were less sensitive to DSS-induced colitis compared to wild-type controls and demonstrated no significant weight loss following treatment. Histological analysis revealed similar levels of oedema and leucocyte infiltration between DSS-treated wild-type and Bcl-3−/− mice, but showed that Bcl-3−/− mice retained colonic tissue architecture which was absent in wild-type mice following DSS treatment. Analysis of the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 revealed no significant differences between DSS-treated Bcl-3−/− and wild-type mice. Analysis of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation revealed enhanced proliferation in Bcl-3−/− mice, which correlated with preserved tissue architecture. Our results reveal that Bcl-3 has an important role in regulating intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis which is distinct from its role as a negative regulator of inflammation.
Recommendations for the development of e‐modules for the continuing professional development of European dentists
Authors: Kavadella A. , Kossioni A. E. , Tsiklakis K. , Cowpe J. , Bullock A. , Barnes E. , Bailey S. , Thomas H. , Thomas R. , Karaharju‐Suvanto T. , Suomalainen K. , Kersten H. , Povel E. , Giles M. , Walmsley D. , Soboleva U. , Liepa A. , Akota I. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsTo provide evidence‐based and peer‐reviewed recommendations for the development of dental continuing professional development (CPD) learning e‐modules.MethodsThe present recommendations are consensus recommendations of the DentCPD project team and were informed by a literature research, consultations from e‐learning and IT expert, discussions amongst the participants attending a special interest group during the 2012 ADEE meeting, and feedback from the evaluation procedures of the exemplar e‐module (as described in a companion paper within this Supplement). The main focus of these recommendations is on the courses and modules organised and offered by dental schools.Results and discussionE‐modules for dental CPD, as well as for other health professionals’ continuing education, have been implemented and evaluated for a number of years. Research shows that the development of e‐modules is a team process, undertaken by academics, subject experts, pedagogists, IT and web designers, learning technologists and librarians. The e‐module must have clear learning objectives (outcomes), addressing the learners’ individual needs, and must be visually attractive, relevant, interactive, promoting critical thinking and providing feedback. The text, graphics and animations must support the objectives and enable the learning process by creating an attractive, easy to navigate and interactive electronic environment. Technology is usually a concern for learners and tutors; therefore, it must be kept simple and interoperable within different systems and software. The pedagogical and technological proficiency of educators is of paramount importance, yet remains a challenge in many instances.ConclusionsThe development of e‐courses and modules for dental CPD is an endeavour undertaken by a group of professionals. It must be underpinned by sound pedagogical and e‐learning principles and must incorporate elements for effective visual learning and visual design and a simple, consistent technology.
Host plant manipulation by fig gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) which induce emergence projections on flower galls in the syconia of Ficus microcarpa (Moraceae)
Authors: Yafuso Masako , Adaniya Shinichi , Yukawa Junichi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe observed that unique projections developed from female flower galls induced by three unidentified cecidomyiid species in the syconia of Ficus microcarpa (Moraceae) on Okinawa and Amami Islands, Japan. The three cecidomyiids (sp. 1, 2 and 3) were tentatively distinguished by the differences in the shape of the projections. The projection of sp. 1 started to develop from the bottom of each gall before emergence, broke the skin of the syconium, and developed finally up to 5–6 mm in length within 6–8 h. During this period, the pupa oriented its head towards the bottom of the gall. After the projection fully elongated, the pupa pushed open the bottom of the projection with its head. The projection was easily removed from the gall at the base. The pupa quickly crawled half way out of the gall through the opening at the bottom of the projection and an adult then emerged. The projection did not develop when other hymenopteran gall inhabitants emerged. The projection was derived from plant tissues consisting of a mass of small square cells in the basal and distal portions and regularly arranged long cells in the middle portion. No projection was induced by the application of gibberellin's paste to the bottom of syconia. The gall midge seemed to manipulate the fig plant to develop the projection before emergence, so that the pupa can easily pass through the sticky epidermis of the syconium. The emergence of sp. 2 and 3 could not be intensively observed.
Intravenous topiramate: Safety and pharmacokinetics following a single dose in patients with epilepsy or migraines taking oral topiramate
Authors: Clark Anne M. , Kriel Robert L. , Leppik Ilo E. , White James R. , Henry Thomas R. , Brundage Richard C. , Cloyd James C. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPurposeAlthough topiramate is widely prescribed for epilepsy and migraine, there is no intravenous product. We have developed an injectable topiramate formulation in which the drug is solubilized in a cyclodextrin matrix, Captisol® (Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, CA). Our long‐term goal is to evaluate intravenous topiramate for the treatment of neonatal seizures. Prior to studies in newborns, we carried out an investigation of injectable topiramate's safety and pharmacokinetics in adult patients.MethodsTwenty adult volunteers with epilepsy or migraine on stable, on maintenance topiramate therapy were given 25 mg of a stable‐labeled intravenous topiramate over 10 min, followed by their usual oral doses. Vital signs were taken, electrocardiography studies (ECGs) were recorded, and the infusion sites were periodically examined prior to and up to 24 h after dosing. Blood samples were collected prior to administration and serially for 96 h thereafter. Plasma concentrations of both stable‐labeled and regular topiramate were measured using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Concentration‐time data were analyzed using a noncompartmental approach with WinNonlin 5.2 (Pharsight Corporation, Mountain View, CA, U.S.A.).Key FindingsSeven patients experienced one or more of the following minor adverse events including nausea and vomiting (1), tingling around the lips (1), paresthesia in the arms and legs (1), and a mild vasovagal response with intravenous catheter placement (1). Included in the adverse events were four patients with epilepsy who had seizures consistent with their histories. There were no changes in heart rate, blood pressure, or ECG results, and there were no infusion site reactions. Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) determined following the intravenous dose included absolute bioavailability: 110 ± 16%, distribution volume: 0.79 ± 0.22 L/kg, clearance: 2.03 ± 1.07 L/h, and elimination half‐life: 27.6 ± 9.7 h. Distribution volume, half‐life, and clearance were significantly altered by enzyme‐inducing drugs.SignificanceA single 25‐mg dose of intravenous topiramate caused minimal infusion site or systemic adverse effects in patients taking oral topiramate. Pharmacokinetic results show that oral topiramate is completely absorbed and that its steady‐state elimination half‐life is longer than previously assumed, which permits once or twice daily dosing even in the presence of enzyme‐inducing drugs. The information from this study can inform the design of subsequent studies in adults, older children, and newborns, including controlled clinical trials intended to determine the efficacy and safety of intravenous topiramate for neonatal seizures.
Adapting and testing the oral impacts on daily performances among adults and elderly in Brazil
Authors: Abegg Claides , Fontanive Victor Nascimento , Tsakos George , Davoglio Rosane Silvia , de Oliveira Mônica Maria Celestina 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo cross‐culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the oral impact on daily performance (OIDP) in Brazilians aged 50–74 years; to test the impact of oral health on ‘work’ and ‘vigorous physical activity’.BackgroundClinical oral health indicators do not assess the perceived impact of oral health on people's lives.MethodsThe study was performed through small group interviews, pilot studies and a main study with 200 people aged 50 and over. Data were collected through interviews in health centres.ResultsFor content validity, ‘eating’ (1.00, p < 0.001) and ‘speaking’ (0.96, p < 0.001) obtained the highest level of agreement among experts. For criterion and construct validity, there was an inverse correlation between self‐rated oral health, perceived oral treatment needs and satisfaction with oral health and OIDP score. Cronbach's alpha coefficient varied from 0.69 to 0.67 when ‘work’ and ‘vigorous physical activities’ were deleted. Test–retest reliability was 0.69 (ICC).ConclusionThe validation process showed that the Brazilian OIDP has the necessary basic psychometric properties to be used in the 50–74 years age group in Brazil. ‘Work’ and ‘vigorous physical activities’ had low impact on oral health. The activity ‘vigorous physical activities’ was not maintained in the instrument because of its low impact, while ‘work’ was maintained due of the increase in the 50–59 years age group in the Brazilian population.
Control of glycemia and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Data from the Adult Diabetes Control and Management
Authors: Sazlina Shariff‐Ghazali , Mastura Ismail , Ahmad Zaiton , Cheong Ai‐Theng , Adam Bujang‐Mohamad , Jamaiyah Haniff , Lee Ping‐Yein , Syed‐Alwi Syed‐Abdul‐Rahman , Chew Boon‐How , SriWahyu Taher 
Published: April 2013

AimThe aims of the present study were to assess the control of glycemia and other cardiovascular disease risk factors, and the association between age and these controls among older adults with type 2 diabetes in Malaysia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out using cases notified to the Adult Diabetes Control and Management database between 1 January and 31 December 2009. A total of 10 363 people aged over 60 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the analyses. A standard online case report form was used to record demographic data, clinical factors (diabetes duration, comorbid condition and treatment modalities), cardiovascular disease risk factors, diabetes complications and laboratory assessments. The cardiovascular disease risk factors controls assessed included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <7.0%, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference and lipid profiles.ResultsThe proportion of older adults who achieved target HbA1c (<7.0%) was 41.7%. A greater proportion of older adults aged ≥80 years significantly achieved the targets of HbA1c <7% (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <2.6 mmol/L (P = 0.007) and triglycerides <1.7 mmol/L (P = 0.001) when compared with the younger elderly groups. They were also associated with achieving target HbA1c <7.0% (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.68–2.26) and triglycerides <1.7 mmol/L (OR = 1.20, 95%CI 1.04–1.46) than those aged 60–69 years.ConclusionThe control of cardiovascular disease risk factors was suboptimal in older adults with type 2 diabetes. The oldest elderly were more likely to achieve target HbA1c (<7.0%) and triglycerides (<1.7 mmol/L) than older adults aged 60–69 years. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 130–137.
A HuD‐ZBP1 ribonucleoprotein complex localizes GAP‐43 mRNA into axons through its 3′ untranslated region AU‐rich regulatory element
Authors: Yoo Soonmoon , Kim Hak H. , Kim Paul , Donnelly Christopher J. , Kalinski Ashley L. , Vuppalanchi Deepika , Park Michael , Lee Seung J. , Merianda Tanuja T. , Perrone‐Bizzozero Nora I. , Twiss Jeffery L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLocalized translation of axonal mRNAs contributes to developmental and regenerative axon growth. Although untranslated regions (UTRs) of many different axonal mRNAs appear to drive their localization, there has been no consensus RNA structure responsible for this localization. We recently showed that limited expression of ZBP1 protein restricts axonal localization of both β‐actin and GAP‐43 mRNAs. β‐actin 3′UTR has a defined element for interaction with ZBP1, but GAP‐43 mRNA shows no homology to this RNA sequence. Here, we show that an AU‐rich regulatory element (ARE) in GAP‐43′s 3′UTR is necessary and sufficient for its axonal localization. Axonal GAP‐43 mRNA levels increase after in vivo injury, and GAP‐43 mRNA shows an increased half‐life in regenerating axons. GAP‐43 mRNA interacts with both HuD and ZBP1, and HuD and ZBP1 co‐immunoprecipitate in an RNA‐dependent fashion. Reporter mRNA with the GAP‐43 ARE competes with endogenous β‐actin mRNA for axonal localization and decreases axon length and branching similar to the β‐actin 3′UTR competing with endogenous GAP‐43 mRNA. Conversely, over‐expressing GAP‐43 coding sequence with its 3′UTR ARE increases axonal elongation and this effect is lost when just the ARE is deleted from GAP‐43′s 3′UTR.
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We have recently found that over‐expression of GAP‐43 using an axonally targeted construct with the 3′UTRs of GAP‐43 promoted elongating growth of axons, while restricting the mRNA to the cell body with the 3′UTR of γ‐actin had minimal effect on axon length. In this study, we show that the ARE in GAP‐43′s 3′UTR is responsible for localization of GAP‐43 mRNA into axons and is sufficient for GAP‐43 protein's role in elongating axonal growth.
Gratuity, Embodiment, and Reciprocity
Authors: Sullivan‐Dunbar Sandra 
Published: April 2013

AbstractProtestant Christian ethicist Timothy Jackson and secular feminist philosopher Eva Feder Kittay each explore the relationship between love or care and justice through the lens of human dependency. Jackson sharply prioritizes agape over justice, whereas Kittay articulates a more complex and integrated understanding of the relationship of care and distributive justice. An account of Christian love and its relation to justice must account for the gratuity, mutuality, and reciprocity that pervade human existence. Such an account must integrate provision for another's basic needs, a feature of agape, with a distributive justice that fairly allocates the material prerequisites of care and the burden of caring labor. Kittay's treatment of care and justice is more adequate to the realities of human embodiment and the social organization of care than Jackson's, but neither offers a fully adequate ground for the moral personhood of all human beings, including deeply dependent persons.
Molecular‐ and pollen‐based vegetation analysis in lake sediments from central Scandinavia
Authors: Parducci Laura , Matetovici Irina , Fontana Sonia L. , Bennett K. D. , Suyama Yoshihisa , Haile James , Kjær Kurt H. , Larsen Nicolaj K. , Drouzas Andreas D. , Willerslev Eske 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPlant and animal biodiversity can be studied by obtaining DNA directly from the environment. This new approach in combination with the use of generic barcoding primers (metabarcoding) has been suggested as complementary or alternative to traditional biodiversity monitoring in ancient soil sediments. However, the extent to which metabarcoding truly reflects plant composition remains unclear, as does its power to identify species with no pollen or macrofossil evidence. Here, we compared pollen‐based and metabarcoding approaches to explore the Holocene plant composition around two lakes in central Scandinavia. At one site, we also compared barcoding results with those obtained in earlier studies with species‐specific primers. The pollen analyses revealed a larger number of taxa (46), of which the majority (78%) was not identified by metabarcoding. The metabarcoding identified 14 taxa (MTUs), but allowed identification to a lower taxonomical level. The combined analyses identified 52 taxa. The barcoding primers may favour amplification of certain taxa, as they did not detect taxa previously identified with species‐specific primers. Taphonomy and selectiveness of the primers are likely the major factors influencing these results. We conclude that metabarcoding from lake sediments provides a complementary, but not an alternative, tool to pollen analysis for investigating past flora. In the absence of other fossil evidence, metabarcoding gives a local and important signal from the vegetation, but the resulting assemblages show limited capacity to detect all taxa, regardless of their abundance around the lake. We suggest that metabarcoding is followed by pollen analysis and the use of species‐specific primers to provide the most comprehensive signal from the environment.
Inflammatory tinea capitis mimicking dissecting cellulitis in a postpubertal male: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Stein Loretta L. , Adams Erin G. , Holcomb Katherine Z. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryTinea capitis in postpubertal patients is unusual and may be misdiagnosed as dissecting cellulitis. We report a case of a healthy 19‐year‐old Hispanic male presenting with a 2‐month history of a large, painful subcutaneous boggy plaque on the scalp with patchy alopecia, erythematous papules, cysts and pustules. Although initially diagnosed as dissecting cellulitis, potassium hydroxide evaluation (KOH preparation) of the hair from the affected region was positive. A punch biopsy of the scalp demonstrated endothrix consistent with tinea capitis, but with a brisk, deep mixed inflammatory infiltrate as can be seen with chronic dissecting cellulitis. Fungal culture revealed Trichophyton tonsurans, and a diagnosis of inflammatory tinea capitis was made. The patient was treated over the course of 17 months with multiple systemic and topical antifungal medications, with slow, but demonstrable clinical and histopathological improvement. A rare diagnosis in adults, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for this condition in an adult with an inflammatory scalp disorder not classic for dissecting cellulitis or with a recalcitrant dissecting cellulitis. Prompt, appropriate diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent the long‐term complications of scarring alopecia.
Value Receptacles
Authors: Chappell Richard Yetter 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUtilitarianism is often rejected on the grounds that it fails to respect the separateness of persons, instead treating people as mere “receptacles of value”. I develop several different versions of this objection, and argue that, despite their prima facie plausibility, they are all mistaken. Although there are crude forms of utilitarianism that run afoul of these objections, I advance a new form of the view—‘token‐pluralistic utilitarianism’—that does not.
Metastatic Spiradenocarcinoma Occurring in an 8‐Year‐Old Boy
Authors: Miedema Jayson R. , Burgon Eric , Burkhart Craig , Stitzenberg Karyn , Hipps John , Zedek Daniel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe recently saw the case of an 8‐year‐old boy with histologic findings of spiradenocarcinoma. Malignant adnexal tumors in children are exceedingly rare, and cases of spiradenocarcinoma in children are absent in the literature. We report the case of an 8‐year‐old boy with metastatic spiradenocarcinoma. A biopsy 2 years before his presentation at our institution was interpreted as a benign lesion, but when the lesion regrew, a repeat biopsy was performed that demonstrated ominous findings, prompting a reexcision. This reexcision demonstrated an area with significant necrosis, many mitoses, and cellular pleomorphism apparently arising out of a sharply demarcated, adjacent, lower‐grade area. The histologic features of this patient's biopsies were those of spiradenocarcinoma, potentially arising out of a preexisting spiradenoma, a finding that has not been documented previously in this age group. Staging studies demonstrated multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules, which were confirmed using thoracoscopic biopsy to be metastatic disease. His chemotherapy regimen has included several cycles of cisplatin and 5‐flourouracil, with ongoing disease progression of pulmonary disease. It has been 16 months since he presented to our institution (>3 years since the appearance of his initial lesion). Imaging studies demonstrate a slowly increasing size and number of pulmonary lesions. The long‐term prognosis is guarded.
Identification of differentially accumulating pistil proteins associated with self‐incompatibility of non‐heading Chinese cabbage
Authors: Wang L. , Peng H. , Ge T. , Liu T. , Hou X. , Li Y. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNon‐heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino), an important vegetable crop in China, exhibits a typical sporophytic self‐incompatibility (SI) system. To better understand the mechanism of SI response and identify potential candidate proteins involved in the SI system of this vegetable crop, the proteomic approach was taken to identify differential accumulating pistil proteins. Pistils were collected at 0 h and 2 h after self‐pollination at anthesis in self‐incompatible and compatible lines of non‐heading Chinese cabbage, and total proteins were extracted and separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). A total of 25 protein spots that displayed differential abundance were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF/TOF MS) and peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). Among them, 22 protein spots were confidently established. The mRNA levels of the corresponding genes were detected by quantitative RT‐PCR. The 22 identified protein spots are involved in energy metabolism (four), protein biosynthesis (three), photosynthesis (six), stress response and defence (five), and protein degradation (four). Among these potential candidate proteins, UDP‐sugar pyrophosphorylase could be involved in sucrose degradation to influence pollen germination and growth. Glutathione S–transferases could be involved in pollen maturation, and affect pollen fertility. Senescence‐associated cysteine protease, which is related to programmed cell death, could be mainly related to self pollen recognition of non‐heading Chinese cabbage. The study will contribute to further investigations of molecular mechanism of sporophytic SI in Brassicaceae.