bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ichnology and palaeobiology of Phoebichnus trochoides from the Middle Jurassic of north‐east England
Authors: Evans Jillian N. , McIlroy Duncan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPhoebichnus trochoides is a large, radiating trace fossil most commonly found in shallow marine siliciclastic deposits. The structure consists of a central boss from which extend numerous, lined, radiating burrows which have an active fill. Serial grinding and modelling techniques allow the full three‐dimensional morphology of Phoebichnus trochoides to be constructed for the first time. Three‐dimensional models of the trace fossil demonstrate that the central zone is composed of stacked disc‐shaped layers. The structure is inferred to result from collapse of sediment below a surficial cone created by the trace‐maker from excavated sediment produced during burrowing. The fill of the radial burrows is herein determined to be composed of angle of repose laminae that are inclined towards the central zone rather than the meniscate backfill documented in the ichnogeneric diagnosis and all subsequent descriptions. The structure of the fill resulted from the trace‐making organism filling its burrows from a dwelling position close to the central boss, probably with material excavated from other parts of the burrow system. This study also reports for the first time subtle conical structures above the radial galleries that are inferred to result from collapse cone feeding. The new fully three‐dimensional data set created of the burrow and the near‐burrow environment allows for a new palaeobiological understanding of the burrow, which suggests that a crustacean trace‐maker is most likely.
Tragverhalten von Stahlkassettenprofilen mit direkt oder indirekt befestigter Außenschale
Authors: Misiek Thomas , Käpplein Saskia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStahlkassettenprofile sind ein gängiges raumabschließendes Bauelement. Sie dienen als Innenschale von zweischaligen wärmegedämmten Wandkonstruktionen und werden mit einer vorgesetzten Außenschale kombiniert. Das Tragverhalten und die Tragfähigkeit der Stahlkassettenprofile hängen stark von der Stabilisierung der schmalen Gurte im Bereich der Außenschale ab. Sowohl der Abstand der Verbindungen als auch die Biegesteifigkeit und Schubsteifigkeit der Außenschale sind maßgebende Parameter. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die grundsätzlichen Wandkonstruktionen mit Stahlkassettenprofilen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die jeweils zugehörigen mechanischen Modelle für winddruckbelastete Systeme werden identifiziert. Basierend auf Vergleichsberechnungen mittels Finite‐Elemente‐Berechnungen werden die Grundlagen für überarbeitete Bemessungsmodelle eingeführt und erläutert.Load‐bearing behaviour of liner tray walls with directly or indirectly fixed outer façades. Liner trays are a common thin‐walled building component for building envelope. They are used as inner layer of double layer walls with thermal insulation and combined with an outer façade layer. The load‐bearing behaviour and capacity of the liner trays strongly depends on the stabilisation of the narrow flanges adjacent to the outer façade layer. Both distance of connections and bending stiffness and shear stiffness of the outer layer are relevant parameters. The paper presents and discusses the principal types of wall constructions using linear trays. The corresponding mechanical models for systems under wind pressure loading are identified. Comparative calculations are done using a Finite‐Element‐Model. Basic principles for a revised design model are introduced and explained.
Verbindungen von Sandwichelementen unter kombinierter Längs‐ und Querkraftbeanspruchung
Authors: Kilian Katrin , Lange Jörg , Naujoks Bernd 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSandwichelemente werden über Verbindungsmittel, meist selbstbohrende Schrauben, an eine Unterkonstruktion montiert. Diese raumabschließenden Bauteile sind sowohl Beanspruchungen senkrecht zur Elementebene als auch durch Belastungen in der Ebene ausgesetzt, z. B. durch das Eigengewicht der Wandelemente. Über die Verbindungsmittel werden Längszugkräfte und Querkräfte vom Bauteil in die Unterkonstruktion weitergeleitet. Für die kombinierte Beanspruchung von Längs‐ und Querkräften liegen zurzeit noch keine experimentellen und theoretischen Untersuchungen zur Tragfähigkeit der Verbindung vor. Anhand von Versuchen und einem mechanischen Modell wird das Tragverhalten von längs‐ und querkraftbeanspruchten Verbindungen von Sandwichelementen im Folgenden analysiert.Fastenings of sandwich panels under combined longitudinal and shear load. Sandwich panels are mounted by fasteners, usually self‐drilling screws, to a substructure. These space‐enclosing components are stressed perpendicularly to the panel surface and in wall‐elements by loads in their plane (by self‐weight). The tensile and transverse forces are transmitted from the panel into the substructure by fasteners. Up to now the interaction of longitudinal and transverse forces in the connection has not been assessed by any experimental or theoretical study. On the basis of experiments and a mechanical model the structural behavior of fasteners of sandwich panels loaded by longitudinal and transverse forces will be analyzed in the following.
Architektonisch qualitätvolle Sandwichfassaden für den Büro‐ und Verwaltungsbau
Authors: Ungermann Dieter , Fritzsche Nicole , Wiegand Alexander , Floerke Paul 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIm Rahmen des interdisziplinären Forschungsvorhabens FOSTA P977 “Architektonisch qualitätvolle Sandwichfassaden“ [5] wurden die Grundlagen einer architektonisch ansprechenden Systembauweise für Fassaden aus Sandwichelementen mit neuartiger Befestigungstechnik gelegt.Durch die Entwicklung geeigneter Verbindungstechniken konnte das große Anwendungspotential der Sandwichbauweise im Geschossbau herausgearbeitet werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt daher besonders die technisch‐architektonischen Ergebnisse auf, die zur Schaffung von Fassaden im Geschossbau mit hoher architektonischer Qualität und sozio‐kultureller Akzeptanz führen.High quality sandwich‐panel envelope‐systems for office and multi‐storey buildings. As part of the interdisciplinary research project FOSTA P977 “Architecturally high quality Sandwich‐panel Envelope‐systems” [5], the fundamentals of an architecturally appealing prefabricated system for façades of sandwich panels with a new assembly technology was to be developed.Through the development of suitable connection technologies the huge potential of sandwich constructions in multi‐storey buildings could be obtained. The abstract at hand therefore shows especially technical‐architectural results, which lead to the development of envelope systems for office‐ and multi‐storey buildings with high architectural quality and socio‐cultural acceptance.
Krukenberg Tumors of Gastric Origin: The Rationale of Surgical Resection and Perioperative Treatments in a Multicenter Western Experience
Authors: Rosa Fausto , Marrelli Daniele , Morgagni Paolo , Cipollari Chiara , Vittimberga Giovanni , Framarini Massimo , Cozzaglio Luca , Pedrazzani Corrado , Berardi Stefano , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Roviello Franco , Portolani Nazario , de Manzoni Giovanni , Costamagna Guido , Doglietto Giovanni Battista , Pacelli Fabio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn case of Krukenberg tumor (KT) of gastric origin it is controversial and debated whether radical surgery in case of synchronous KT or metastasectomy in case of metachronous ones is associated with additional benefits. Role of perioperative treatments is unclear.MethodsAmong 2515 female patients who were diagnosed with gastric cancer between January 1990 and December 2012 from 9 Italian centers, 63 presented simultaneously or developed KT as recurrence.ResultsThirty patients presented with synchronous KT, while 33 developed metachronous ovarian metastases during follow‐up. The differences between the two groups were analyzed and compared. The median age of 63 patients was 48.0 years (range 31–71). Resection was possible in 53 patients (20 synchronous and 33 metachronous). Twelve patients in the synchronous group and 15 patients of the metachronous group underwent hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy after resection of KT. All of them underwent adjuvant chemotherapy after KT resection. The median survival for all population was 23 months (95 % confidence interval, 7–39 months). The median survival time in the metachronous group was 36 months, which was significantly longer than that in the synchronous group, 17 months, p < 0.0001.ConclusionsKT remains a clinical challenge for gastric cancer therapy. The extent of disease and feasibility of removal of the metastatic lesion must be carefully evaluated prior to surgery to define the patients group who could benefit most from a resection associated with perioperative treatments.
From Novice to Seasoned Practitioner: a Qualitative Investigation of Genetic Counselor Professional Development
Authors: Zahm Kimberly Wehner , Veach Patricia McCarthy , Martyr Meredith A. , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractResearch on genetic counselor professional development would characterize typical developmental processes, inform training and supervision, and promote life‐long development opportunities. To date, however no studies have comprehensively examined this phenomenon. The aims of this study were to investigate the nature of professional development for genetic counselors (processes, influences, and outcomes) and whether professional development varies across experience levels. Thirty‐four genetic counselors participated in semi‐structured telephone interviews exploring their perspectives on their professional development. Participants were sampled from three levels of post‐degree genetic counseling experience: novice (0–5 years), experienced (6–14 years), and seasoned (>15 years). Using modified Consensual Qualitative Research and grounded theory methods, themes, domains, and categories were extracted from the data. The themes reflect genetic counselors’ evolving perceptions of their professional development and its relationship to: (a) being a clinician, (b) their professional identity, and (c) the field itself. Across experience levels, prevalent influences on professional development were interpersonal (e.g., experiences with patients, genetic counseling colleagues) and involved professional and personal life events. Common developmental experiences included greater confidence and less anxiety over time, being less information‐driven and more emotion‐focused with patients, delivering “bad news” to patients remains challenging, and individuals’ professional development experiences parallel genetic counseling's development as a field. With a few noteworthy exceptions, professional development was similar across experience levels. A preliminary model of genetic counselor professional development is proposed suggesting development occurs in a non‐linear fashion throughout the professional lifespan. Each component of the model mutually influences the others, and there are positive and negative avenues of development.
Comparative dental microwear of ruminant and perissodactyl molars: Implications for paleodietary analysis of rare and extinct ungulate clades
Authors: Mihlbachler Matthew C. , Campbell Daniel , Ayoub Michael , Chen Charlotte , Ghani Ishrat 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDental microwear analyses of ungulates and other large herbivores rely on correlations of diet and microwear among extant ungulates, primarily ruminants. Microwear is considered a ‘taxon-free’ method of paleodietary analysis. The properties of food are associated with causality of microwear, but the possibility that heritable properties of the consumer (tooth morphologies, masticatory dynamics, enamel mechanical properties, digestive physiologies) may introduce bias is not considered. Using an observer blind method of light microscopy, we examined the distribution of microwear features on the molars of eight species of ruminants and perissodactyls. Grazing and browsing ruminants had statistically different numbers of scratches forming discrete data clusters. Perissodactyls differ in the numbers of scratches and pits but without discrete browser and grazer clusters. Microwear features were distributed homogeneously across ruminant molars and strongly predictive of diet from the labial edge of the molar to the lingual edge. Microwear was heterogeneously distributed across perissodactyl molars with more pits on the labial edge and more scratches on the lingual edge. In perissodactyls, microwear sampled from the labial edge was strongly predictive of diet, while microwear sampled from other areas were not. Discriminant function analyses of microwear assigned individual molars to diets (browser and grazer) and clades (ruminant and perissodactyl) with similar success (70–73%) indicating that phylogeny and diet influence microwear equally. Rhino microwear was more sensitive to clade membership while other perissodactyl microwear was more sensitive to diet. Although it is not clear what heritable variables may phylogenetically bias dental microwear, extant ruminants may not be appropriate models for the microwear of other large herbivores.
Comparison of distortion product otoacoustic emissions and pure tone audiometry in occupational screening for auditory deficit due to noise exposure
Authors: Wooles N , Mulheran M , Bray P , Brewster M , Banerjee A R 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjective:To examine whether distortion product otoacoustic emissions can serve as a replacement for pure tone audiometry in longitudinal screening for occupational noise exposure related auditory deficit.Methods:A retrospective review was conducted of pure tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emission data obtained sequentially during mandatory screening of brickyard workers (n = 16). Individual pure tone audiometry thresholds were compared with distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitudes, and a correlation of these measurements was conducted.Results:Pure tone audiometry threshold elevation was identified in 13 out of 16 workers. When distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitudes were compared with pure tone audiometry thresholds at matched frequencies, no evidence of a robust relationship was apparent. Seven out of 16 workers had substantial distortion product otoacoustic emissions with elevated pure tone audiometry thresholds.Conclusion:No clinically relevant predictive relationship between distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude and pure tone audiometry threshold was apparent. These results do not support the replacement of pure tone audiometry with distortion product otoacoustic emissions in screening. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions at frequencies associated with elevated pure tone audiometry thresholds are evidence of intact outer hair cell function, suggesting that sites distinct from these contribute to auditory deficit following ototrauma.
Missing links: testing the completeness of host-parasite checklists
Authors: POULIN ROBERT , BESSON ANNE A. , MORIN MATHIEU B. , RANDHAWA HASEEB S. 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYHost-parasite checklists are essential resources in ecological parasitology, and are regularly used as sources of data in comparative studies of parasite species richness across host species, or of host specificity among parasite species. However, checklists are only useful datasets if they are relatively complete, that is, close to capturing all host–parasite associations occurring in a particular region. Here, we use three approaches to assess the completeness of 25 checklists of metazoan parasites in vertebrate hosts from various geographic regions. First, treating checklists as interaction networks between a set of parasite species and a set of host species, we identify networks with a greater connectance (proportion of realized host–parasite associations) than expected for their size. Second, assuming that the cumulative rise over time in the number of known host–parasite associations in a region tends toward an asymptote as their discovery progresses, we attempt to extrapolate the estimated total number of existing associations. Third, we test for a positive correlation between the number of published reports mentioning an association and the time since its first record, which is expected because observing and reporting host–parasite associations are frequency-dependent processes. Overall, no checklist fared well in all three tests, and only three of 25 passed two of the tests. These results suggest that most checklists, despite being useful syntheses of regional host–parasite associations, cannot be used as reliable sources of data for comparative analyses.
The mystery of atonement and Swinburne's reparation theory
Authors: HYUN ALEXANDER 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTraditional Christianity holds that Jesus Christ somehow helps to bring about our salvation. A ‘theory of atonement’ is a theory about how he does this. One influential and elegant theory of atonement is Richard Swinburne's reparation theory. In this article, I contend that this theory fails to satisfy an important condition of adequacy on theories of atonement that has been overlooked in the literature. I first argue that in order to be plausible, a theory of atonement must not imply that failure to believe in the correct theory of atonement greatly hinders one from being benefited by Christ's salvific work. I then argue that reparation theory does have this problematic implication.
Biodiversity and metacommunity structure of animals along altitudinal gradients in tropical montane forests
Authors: Willig Michael R. , Presley Steven J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract:The study of altitudinal gradients has made enduring contributions to the theoretical and empirical bases of modern biology. Unfortunately, the persistence of these systems and the species that compose them is threatened by land-use change at lower altitudes and by climate change throughout the gradients, but especially at higher altitudes. In this review, we focus on two broad themes that are inspired by altitudinal variation in tropical montane regions: (1) dimensions of biodiversity and (2) metacommunity structure. Species richness generally decreased with increasing altitude, although not always in a linear fashion. Mid-altitudinal peaks in richness were less common than monotonic declines, and altitudinal increases in richness were restricted to amphibian faunas. Moreover, gradients of biodiversity differed among dimensions (taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional) as well as among faunas (bats, rodents, birds) in the tropical Andes, suggesting that species richness is not a good surrogate for dimensions that reflect differences in the function or evolutionary history of species. Tropical montane metacommunities evinced a variety of structures, including nested (bats), Clementsian (rodents, bats, gastropods), quasi-Clementsian (reptiles, amphibians, passerines) and quasi-Gleasonian (gastropods) patterns. Nonetheless, compositional changes were always associated with the ecotones between rain forest and cloud forest, regardless of fauna.
Examination of the Chicago Multiscale Depression Inventory and Initial Validation of a Positive Scale
Authors: Ukueberuwa Dede M. , Arnett Peter A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Chicago Multiscale Depression Inventory (CMDI) was developed to improve accuracy in measuring depression symptoms in individuals with non-psychiatric medical illness. Earlier psychometric evaluation of the CMDI has emphasized properties of items that measure negative affect and experience. In this study, we provide an initial evaluation of an outcome scale of positive items that are also included within the CMDI but have previously been excluded from calculation of the total score. Psychometric data for the CMDI negative and positive item subscales were determined in healthy adults and patients with multiple sclerosis. Analysis included measurements of factor structure, reliability, and validity in comparison with other established measures of depression and affect. Study findings indicate that in healthy and patient samples, the CMDI Positive scale has very good reliability and validity. The Positive scale score also appears to predict depression symptoms beyond the negative item scale scores. The CMDI Positive scale could be a valuable clinical and research tool. Inclusion of the Positive scale in the CMDI total score appears to improve the measure by further capturing symptoms of affect and experience that are important to diagnosis of depression and are not covered by the negative scales alone. (JINS, 2016, 22, 76–82)
Economic and hydrological impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Eastern Nile River Basin
Authors: Nigatu Getachew , Dinar Ariel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe propose an ‘allocate-and-trade’ institution to manage the eastern Nile River Basin for Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt as the basin faces a new reality of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). We find that a social planner could increase the region's economic welfare by assigning water rights to the riparian states. An alternative intrabasin water rights arrangement and trade could achieve more than 95 per cent of the welfare created by the social planner. GERD will change both the economic benefits and hydrological positions of the riparian countries. Economic benefits from alternative water use would be sufficient to make riparian countries better off compared with the status quo. Furthermore, riparian countries could raise more than US$680 m annually for protecting and conserving the natural resources of the region.
Returning to the scene of the trauma in PTSD treatment – why, how and when?
Authors: Murray Hannah , Merritt Christopher , Grey Nick 
Published: November 2015

AbstractReturning to the scene of the trauma is often recommended as part of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Many clinicians avoid site visits due to lack of confidence or practical constraints; however, recent research suggests this is a valuable part of treatment. This article summarizes a rationale for including the site visit as part of cognitive therapy for PTSD, as well as the main considerations about when to carry it out in treatment. A practical framework for planning and implementing site visits is described.
Atomic and vibrational origins of mechanical toughness in bioactive cement during setting
Authors: Tian Kun V. , Yang Bin , Yue Yuanzheng , Bowron Daniel T. , Mayers Jerry , Donnan Robert S. , Dobó-Nagy Csaba , Nicholson John W. , Fang De-Cai , Greer A. Lindsay , Chass Gregory A. , Greaves G. Neville 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBioactive glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been in widespread use for ∼40 years in dentistry and medicine. However, these composites fall short of the toughness needed for permanent implants. Significant impediment to improvement has been the requisite use of conventional destructive mechanical testing, which is necessarily retrospective. Here we show quantitatively, through the novel use of calorimetry, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and neutron scattering, how GIC’s developing fracture toughness during setting is related to interfacial THz dynamics, changing atomic cohesion and fluctuating interfacial configurations. Contrary to convention, we find setting is non-monotonic, characterized by abrupt features not previously detected, including a glass–polymer coupling point, an early setting point, where decreasing toughness unexpectedly recovers, followed by stress-induced weakening of interfaces. Subsequently, toughness declines asymptotically to long-term fracture test values. We expect the insight afforded by these in situ non-destructive techniques will assist in raising understanding of the setting mechanisms and associated dynamics of cementitious materials.