bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Regulates Pyroptosis Independent Function of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation
Authors: Delinois Louis J , Sharma Atul , Ramesh Ashwin K , Boatright Laurel D , Li Qun , Xu Rong , Luo Hongbo R , Mishra Bibhuti B , Sharma Jyotika 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) function to control infectious agents as well as to propagate inflammatory response in a variety of disease conditions. DNA damage associated with chromatin decondensation and NACHT domain-leucine-rich repeat-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation have emerged as crucial events in NET formation, but the link between the two processes is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a key DNA repair enzyme, regulates NET formation triggered by NLRP3 inflammasome activation in neutrophils. Activation of mouse neutrophils with canonical NLRP3 stimulants LPS and nigericin induced NET formation, which was significantly abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1. We found that PARP-1 is required for NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by regulating post-transcriptional levels of NLRP3 and ASC dimerization. Importantly, this PARP-1–regulated NLRP3 activation for NET formation was independent of inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, because caspase-1 and gasdermin D processing as well as IL-1β transcription and secretion remained intact upon PARP-1 inhibition in neutrophils. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of caspase-1 and gasdermin D had no effect on NLRP3-mediated NET formation. Mechanistically, PARP-1 inhibition increased p38 MAPK activity, which was required for downmodulation of NLRP3 and NETs, because concomitant inhibition of p38 MAPK with PARP-1 restored NLRP3 activation and NET formation. Finally, mice undergoing bacterial peritonitis exhibited increased survival upon treatment with PARP-1 inhibitor, which correlated with increased leukocyte influx and improved intracellular bacterial clearance. Our findings reveal a noncanonical pyroptosis-independent role of NLRP3 in NET formation regulated by PARP-1 via p38 MAPK, which can be targeted to control NETosis in inflammatory diseases.
Maternal Helminth Infection Causes Dysfunctional B Cell Development in Male Offspring
Authors: Gibbs Lisa C , Oviedo Juan M , Ondigo Bartholomew N , Fairfax Keke C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Infections during pregnancy are known to trigger alterations in offspring immunity, often leading to increased disease susceptibility. Maternal helminth infections correlate with lower Ab titers to certain childhood immunizations and putative decreased vaccine efficacy. The mechanisms that underlie how maternal infection blunts offspring humoral responses are unclear. Using our murine model of maternal schistosomiasis, we found that maternal helminth infection decreases the germinal center response of all offspring to tetanus immunization. However, only male offspring have defects in memory B cell and long-lived plasma cell generation. We found this sex-specific aberration begins during B cell development within the bone marrow via alteration of the IL-7 niche and persists throughout antigenic activation in the germinal center in the periphery. Critically, these defects in males are cell intrinsic, persisting following adoptive transfer to control male pups. Together, these data show that maternal infections can alter both the bone marrow microenvironment and the development of B lymphocytes in a sex-specific manner. This study correlates maternal infection induced defects in early life B cell development with ineffective Ab responses after vaccination.
Optimizing Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Based on Intra-Abdominal Pressure in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Hancı P , Demir ET , Şekerci B , İnal V 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a crucial component of mechanical ventilation to improve oxygenation in critically ill patients with respiratory failure. The interaction between abdominal and thoracic compartment pressures is known well. Especially in intra-abdominal hypertension, lower PEEP may cause atelectotrauma by repetitive opening and closing of alveoli.

Aim:
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of PEEP adjustment according to the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on oxygenation and clarify possible harms.

Method:
Patients older than 18 were mechanically ventilated due to hypoxemic respiratory failure and had normal IAP (<15 mmHg) included in the study. Patients with severe cardiovascular dysfunction were excluded. The following PEEP levels were applied: PEEPzero of 0 cmH2O, PEEPIAP/2 = 50% of IAP, and PEEPIAP = 100% of IAP. After a 30-minute equilibration period, arterial blood gases and mean arterial pressures were measured.

Results:
One hundred thirty-eight patients (mean age 66.5 ± 15.9, 56.5% male) enrolled on the study. The mean IAP was 9.8 ± 3.4. Seventy-nine percent of the patients’ PaO2/FiO2 ratio was under 300 mmHg. Figure 1 shows the change in PaO2/FiO2 ratio, PaCO2, PPlato, and MAP of the patients according to the PEEP levels. Overall increases were detected in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P < 0.001) and Pplato (P < 0.001), while PaCO2 and MAP did not change after increasing PEEP gradually. Pairwise analyses revealed differences in PaO2/FiO2 between PEEPzero (186.4 [85.7–265.8]) and PEEPIAP/2 (207.7 [101.7–292.9]) (t = -0.77, P < 0.001), between baseline and PEEPIAP (236.1 [121.4–351.0]) (t = -1.7, P < 0.001), and between PEEPIAP/2 and PEEPIAP (t = -1.0, P < 0.001). Plato pressures were in the safe range (<30 cmH2O) at all three PEEP levels (PEEPzero = 12 [10–15], PEEPIAP/2 = 15 [13–18], PEEPIAP = 17 [14–22]).

Conclusion:
In patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and mechanically ventilated, PEEP adjustment according to the IAB improves oxygenation, especially in the settings of the limited source where other PEEP titration methods are absent.
Hepatitis Delta Virus Surveillance Practice among Clinicians in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Ifeorah IM , Musa Y , Abdulkareem LO , Oguntoye OO , Gideon OD , Ogunwale AO , Ogu CO , Ariyo OE 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The near total absence of routine Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) screening in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa is a major challenge to understanding the burden of HDV in the region.

Aim:
To evaluate Hepatitis Delta Virus screening practices and associated factors among clinicians in Nigeria.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in June–July 2022, in which a self-administered questionnaire that inquired about HDV awareness, screening practices, and treatment options was shared electronically with consenting clinicians practicing in Nigeria. At the end of the survey, data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

Results:
At the end of the survey, 210 of the 213 responses retrieved from respondents were analyzed. The respondent’s mean age was 38.60 ± 7.27 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:2.5. They comprised 13.8% gastroenterologists and 86.2% respondents in other areas of clinical medicine. The study showed that 89.5% of the respondents knew that HDV infection occurs only in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected individuals. Most (91.4%) respondents do not screen for HDV in chronic HBV patients, mainly due to the non-availability of screening tools and lack of awareness of any screening test for HDV. Research interest was reported as the reason for screening among clinicians who had ever screened for HDV. Pegylated interferon was the main regimen used for treatment by 87.5% of respondents. About 2% did not know treatment options for HDV. A significant association between knowledge of HDV infection and area of specialty, as well as the nature of medical practice was noted (P = 0.008 and 0.013, respectively).

Conclusion:
The study showed a high level of awareness of HDV dependency on HBV, for natural infection to occur. However, it documented very minimal HDV screening in clinical settings and factors affecting screening among clinicians.
Brain Diffusion Changes in Perinatal Asphyxia Cases
Authors: Dogan F , Gumus H 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Prolonged perinatal asphyxia (PA) may cause hypoxic-ischemic damage to the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the brain diffusion changes of patients with PA and examine the relationship with brain damage.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 55 patients diagnosed with PA, separated into mild and severe PA groups. For the evaluation of brain damage in all the study neonates, brain and diffusion MRI scans were performed using a 3T device. The scans were taken between 5 and 10 days postnatal, after completion of hypothermia treatment, in accordance with the standard clinical protocol of our institution. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lentiform nucleus, thalamus, frontal white matter, and posterior limbs of the internal capsule were measured. Minitab package programs and SPSS version 20.0 software were used for statistical analysis and graphic drawing. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used.

Results:
The bilateral lentiform nucleus, thalamus, frontal white matter, and posterior limbs of the internal capsule ADC values were significantly higher in the severe PA group than in the mild PA group.

Conclusions:
In neonates with severe perinatal asphyxia, brain damage can be evaluated on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the cerebral deep white matter and basal ganglia. DWI, imaging with conventional brain MRI comes to the fore in clinical importance in PA patients.
Early Results of the First 15 Operative Closures of Atrial Septal Defect in Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Sawadogo Adama , Bazongo Moussa , Belem Farid Pingwindé , Zonga Yacouba , Somé Hippolyte Nebepoua , Tamboura Yacouba , Naré Youssouf , Sanou Alain , Sanou Adama 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass started in the world by atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. In Burkina Faso, West Africa, open heart surgery was started in January 2021 with an operating closure of ASD (O-ASD) at the University Hospital of Tengandogo. The aim of this study was to report the early results of the first 15 cases of O-ASD that were performed in West Africa.

Materials and Methods:
Over a period of 2 years from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022, 15 patients (eight female patients and seven male patients) consecutively underwent standard closure through the right atrium. The mean age was 15.7 years (range, 3–42 years). Outcomes were defined according to cardiopulmonary and aortic cross-clamp time, intensive care unit stay time, and postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Results:
All the patients presented with secundum ASD with an average size of 20.3 mm (range, 10–32 mm). Overall, 86.7% of the patients presented with dilated right chambers, and 40% with a mild-to-moderate pulmonary hypertension. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 76.9 min (46–150 min), and the mean aortic cross-clamp time was 39.8 min (range, 18–86 min). The postoperative course was uneventful in 14 patients (93.3%). During the study period, one patient died from consecutive complications including neurologic deficit, acute renal insufficiency and septic shock.

Conclusion:
In Burkina Faso, the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases has been performed late when complications have already appeared. However, O-ASD is now feasible in Burkina Faso as a safe and efficient procedure. Key actions to perform are promoting prenatal diagnosis and early correction.
The Impact of a Nurse-Led Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on Knowledge, Medication Adherence, and Quality of Life in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kaur Harvinder , Grover Vijay , Bhushan Rahul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground:Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients require comprehensive education and support to achieve optimal rehabilitation outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led cardiac rehabilitation program (NLCRP) on knowledge, medication adherence, and quality of life (QoL) in CABG patients.Materials and Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 120 CABG patients at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. Participants were assigned to an experimental group (EG), being part of an NLCRP, or a control group (CG) receiving routine care. The NLCRP spanned 7 days and included education, counseling, demonstrations, and motivational follow-up calls. Knowledge, medication adherence, and QoL were assessed at baseline and multiple post-intervention timepoints using validated tools.Results:The EG demonstrated substantial improvements in mean knowledge scores, from 10.32 ± 3.69 at baseline to 39.92 ± 0.28 at day 75, compared to the CG (11.00 ± 2.27 to 19.80 ± 4.92). Medication adherence increased significantly in the EG (2.05 ± 1.17 to 3.88 ± 0.32), but decreased in the CG (2.28 ± 1.01 to 1.97 ± 0.61). QoL scores increased markedly in the EG (40.63 ± 7.13 to 84.13 ± 5.66) compared to the CG (41.62 ± 9.69 to 55.20 ± 8.44). Strong positive correlations were found between knowledge, medication adherence, and QoL post-intervention. Reductions in lipid profile, blood pressure, body weight, and BMI were also noted in the EG.Conclusions:The NLCRP effectively enhanced knowledge, medication adherence, and QoL in CABG patients. Tailored education, counseling, and motivational support delivered by nurses can optimize rehabilitation outcomes. These findings support the implementation of NLCRP as part of standard CABG care.
Diagnostic and Surgical Outcomes of Mediastinal Tumors in Adults: What Place for Conventional Surgery in Resource-Limited Countries?
Authors: Rabiou Sani , Zabeirou Aliou , Issoufou Ibrahim , Harmouchi Hicham , Lakranbi Marouane , Ouadnouni Yassine , Mohamed Smahi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Mediastinum tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors with diverse and varied presentations. We reviewed our experience with mediastinal tumors and the role of conventional surgery in their management in countries with limited resources.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with mediastinal tumors who underwent surgery at our Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital Center, Fez, Morocco, from January 2009 to December 2017.

Results:
A total of 56 patients underwent surgical resection for mediastinal tumors during the 9-year study period. Chest computed tomography imaging was obtained in all patients, and magnetic resonance imaging and technetium 99 (99-m Tc-methoxy-isobutyl-isomitril) scintigraphy were required in select patients. Sternotomy was the most frequently used surgical approach. Histopathology of the resected surgical specimens were 9 neurogenic tumors, 9 cystic benign tumors, 7 ectopic parathyroid adenomas, 8 teratomas, and 23 epithelial tumors of the thymus. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were 5.3% and 5.3%, respectively. All deaths were in patients with thymus epithelial tumors.

Conclusion:
Conventional surgery has acceptable morbidity and mortality and remains a viable therapeutic approach despite the advent of minimally invasive techniques like video-assisted surgery in recent decades.
A clinical approach in the management of endodontic-periodontal lesions of endodontic origin: Two case reports with 2-year follow-up
Authors: Dede Maria , Georgopoulou Maria 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The term “endodontic-periodontal” (endo-perio) lesions describe lesions with the involvement of pulpal tissues and the periodontium of a tooth. These cases regarding the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of teeth are challenging for the clinician. The aim of this article was to discuss two cases of endo-perio lesions in molars with large periapical radiolucencies. Two healthy male individuals came with a chief complaint of pain during chewing. During clinical examination, a deep periodontal pocket of 10 mm and 7 mm, respectively, was noticed in both cases, and large periapical radiolucencies extended to the apical region were confirmed by the intraoral periapical radiographs. Evaluation of the symptoms together with the clinical findings determined the diagnosis endo-perio lesion of endodontic origin and accordingly the decision for the management. The successful treatment outcome with the periodontal healing in both cases was observed soon 40 days after orthograde root canal treatment. Conservative endodontic therapy was the key to the healing of the periapical tissues in endo-perio lesions of endodontic origin. The clinical approach as well as the 2-year follow-up of those compromised endo-perio lesions showed that endodontic therapy resulted in the healing, whereas no periodontal therapy was performed and the initial decision-making was confirmed.
Metallurgical influence of separated endodontic instruments on the retrieval capability of katana-sword-like ultrasonic tip under different lubricants: In vitro study
Authors: Hakim Omnia Abdel , Sabet Nihal Ezzat , Elasfouri Heba Ahmed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Ultrasonic retrieval is a time-consuming procedure sacrificing considerable amounts of dentin. This study aimed to assess the retrieval capability of katana tip on different alloys under different lubricants regarding dentin thickness and retrieval time.

Materials and Methods:
Extracted premolars were used to reach 40 samples. The apical 4 mm of X2 ProTaper Next and A1 Neoniti instruments were fractured, and katana tip was utilized for retrieval, using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or olive oil as intracanal lubricants. Dentin thickness was assessed using cone-beam computed tomography, and the time of retrieval was recorded.

Results:
There was no significant difference in the retrieval capability among the groups. Different alloys and lubricants had no significant effect on dentin thickness. However, olive oil significantly reduced the retrieval time.

Conclusion:
Katana tip proved to be efficient enough to retrieve apically separated instruments in curved canals, with instrument’s metallurgical makeup presenting minimal effect on its capability. Katana tip and high-viscosity lubricants reduced the retrieval time, which might reduce the dentin removal amount.
Outcomes of pulpotomy using calcium silicates in permanent teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aljarbou Fahd , Abushanan AlWaleed , AlMokhatieb Ahmed A. , Mustafa Mohammed , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Alamri Hadi Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe decision making process for managing irreversible pulpitis in permanent teeth often involves choosing between pulpotomy and root canal treatment, with clinicians exercising discretion. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the efficacy of calcium silicate based pulpotomy in treating symptomatic permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis. A comprehensive search across PubMed, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS databases yielded 482 articles. From this pool, 169 articles underwent further scrutiny. Following data filtration, presentation, and analysis, a meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5 software. Eleven articles were ultimately selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This meta-analysis revealed that calcium silicate based pulpotomy, employed in treating irreversible pulpitis cases, exhibited notable success rates ranging from 75% to 90% over a period of 15 years across most of the included studies. The majority of studies integrated into this systematic review reported successful outcomes for teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis undergoing pulpotomy with the utilization of calcium silicate. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to delineate the precise roles of calcium silicate based pulpotomy in managing this condition.
Shaping ability of HyFlex EDM and ProTaper Gold files with or without using glide path files: An in vitro study
Authors: Gharechahi Maryam , Ahmadi Harir , Forghanirad Maryam , Hoseinzadeh Melika , Nouri Anahita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The necessity of using a glide path before the canal preparation is inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the shaping ability of two rotary systems in the maxillary first molars’ first mesiobuccal canal (MB1), with or without employing the glide path files.

Materials and Methods:
The MB1 canals of 100 extracted molars were randomly prepared using either HyFlex EDM (HEDM) or ProTaper Gold (PTG) systems (n = 50 each). Half of the samples in each group were prepared using ProGlider (PG) or HyFlex EDM Glide (HEG). The cone-beam computed tomography scanning was conducted before and after the instrumentation. The canal transportation, centering ability, and remaining dentin thickness were evaluated and compared between the groups using the independent sample t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test (α =0.05).

Results:
Using HEDM compared to PTG led to greater centering ability at the sub-furcation area (P < 0.05), lower canal transportation at 2 mm below furcation (P = 0.025), and more dentin removed at the middle area (P = 0.011). The systems’ centering ability and canal transportation were comparable when path files were used. Utilizing HEG with HEDM decreased dentin removal at 2 mm below furcation (P = 0.045) and middle area (P = 0.008). Canal preparation with HEDM-HEG caused less dentin removal at 2 mm below furcation than PTG-PG (P = 0.007).

Conclusions:
The HEDM system outperformed PTG regarding centering ability in the sub-furcation areas and canal transportation 2 mm below the furcation. However, HEDM showed more dentin removal in the middle region than PTG, which was resolved when HEG was used. Therefore, using PathFile with the HEDM system might be suggested.
Comparative analysis of the efficiency of the Broken Tool Remover-Pen versus Zumax kit in the removal of fractured NiTi files from the root canal system. An in vitro study
Authors: Saad Abdelhamied Yousef , Baraktat Farah T. , Attia Mohamed I. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Removal of a broken instrument may result in excessive dentin destruction and eventual tooth extraction. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the success of the Broken Tool Remover (BTR)-Pen system versus the Zumax kit in the retrieval of separated rotary files from the root canals, root canal volume changes, and retrieval time.

Materials and Methods:
Forty mandibular first molars were used in this investigation. Mesiobuccal canals were instrumented by ProTaper Next Rotary System up to a standard apical size 20/40 taper. Five mm of X2 file size 25/60 taper was fractured at a level of 3 mm apical to canal orifice. Teeth were randomly divided into two groups, 20 samples each. In Group A, fractured instruments were retrieved by utilizing BTR-Pen. In Group B, fractured files were retrieved using a Zumax kit. The success rate (%), as well as the postretrieval volumetric canal changes (mm3) using cone-beam computed tomography, and the retrieval time (min) were calculated in both groups.

Results:
The success rate of the separated fragment retrieval in Groups A and B was 80% and 90%, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.31). Moreover, concerning canal volume changes, there was a significant difference (P = 0:001) in comparison between the pre- and postretrieval volume changes in both groups. Group A showed significant lower changes (P = 0.0051) in root canal volume than Group B. Furthermore, the mean time ± standard deviation of retrieval in Group A was 29.56 ± 4.09 min, whereas in Group B, it was 23.29 ± 7.15 min with a significant difference (P = 0.00) between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Both devices were efficient and successful in retrieving separated rotary files. The utilization of the Zumax kit resulted in greater dentin loss but faster regarding time of retrieval.