bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legislating for Harmonisation of Practices
Authors: Endl Andreas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPressure from investor and civil society actors as well as ineffective private sector efforts paved the way for European and national legislations on mandatory due diligence and responsible sourcing. This chapter takes stock of the current policy discourse requiring companies to adhere to due diligence processes and foster responsible sourcing practices in global mineral supply chains. In our analysis on the political economy of current and future policies, we provide an in-depth perspective on the potential of legal requirements in regard to: (1) facilitating responsible sourcing practices across the supply chain; (2) Addressing human rights and environmental aspects; (3) Integrating current discourses into a harmonised legal framework, and (4) creating a level playing field for market actors. We conclude that a dynamically grown policy landscape falls short of an integrated and coordinated policy approach. Against this background, we highlight important lessons learnt and provide recommendations for legal requirements from a governance and policy effectiveness perspective.
The Local, National and Global Visions
Authors: Manoochehri Shahrzad , Di Francesco Emanuele , Schluep Mathias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter takes stock of the learnings from the three Global Advocacy Fora organized in Latin America, Africa and China by the RE-SOURCING project and aims to explore the concept of Responsible Sourcing from a regional and local perspective. It tracks the regional challenges and priorities for achieving responsible sourcing and highlights some good practice examples implemented by governments, businesses and civil society associations. The chapter acknowledges that the common goal for these resource-rich regions is to achieve economic development associated with environmental and social responsibility. Despite this common goal, these regions exhibit distinct challenges and priorities and follow specific pathways towards Responsible Sourcing based on their economic context, political framework and social structures. Given China’s dominance in the critical minerals supply chain and its increasing investments domestically and abroad, the country’s main challenge is to improve its environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and to align its due diligence and responsible sourcing standards with the international initiatives and legislation. In contrast, Latin America and Africa prioritize enhancing mineral beneficiation and adding value beyond the mining stage in compliance with ESG standards and aim to utilize these benefits for their sustainable growth and socio-economic development.
Probing flavor constrained SMEFT operators through tc production at the muon collider
Authors: Bhattacharya Subhaditya , Jahedi Sahabub , Nandi Soumitra , Sarkar Abhik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We investigate flavor violating four-Fermi Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) operators of dimension-six that can be probed via tc$$ \left(\overline{t}c+t\overline{c}\right) $$

t
¯

c
+
t

c
¯

production at the multi-TeV muon collider. We study different FCNC and FCCC processes related to B, Bs, K and D decays and mixings, sensitive to these operators and constrain the corresponding couplings. The tensor operator turns out to be most tightly bound. We perform event simulation of the final state signal from tc production together with the SM background to show that operators after flavor constraint can reach the discovery limit at 10 TeV muon collider. We further adopt the optimal observable technique (OOT) to determine the optimal statistical sensitivity of the Wilson coefficients and compare them with the flavor constraints. We use the limits to predict the observational sensitivities of the rare processes like KL → π0ℓℓ, D0 → μμ, t → cℓℓ.
Targeting BRD4 mitigates hepatocellular lipotoxicity by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and GSDMD-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis
Authors: Chen Fangyuan , Li Shuyu , Liu Min , Qian Cheng , Shang Zhiyin , Song Xu , Jiang Wei , Tu Chuantao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNod-like receptor family pyrin-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a pathologic role in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), but the molecular mechanism regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hepatocellular lipotoxicity remains largely unknown. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) has emerged as a key epigenetic reader of acetylated lysine residues in enhancer regions that control the transcription of key genes. The aim of this study is to investigate if and how BRD4 regulated the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in MASH. Using the AML12 and primary mouse hepatocytes stimulated by palmitic acid (PA) as an in vitro model of hepatocellular lipotoxicity, we found that targeting BRD4 by genetic knockdown or a selective BRD4 inhibitor MS417 protected against hepatosteatosis; and this protective effect was attributed to inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and reducing the expression of Caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Moreover, BRD4 inhibition limited the voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1) expression and oligomerization in PA-treated AML12 hepatocytes, thereby suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, the expression of BRD4 enhanced in MASH livers of humans. Mechanistically, BRD4 was upregulated during hepatocellular lipotoxicity that in turn modulated the active epigenetic mark H3K27ac at the promoter regions of the Vdac and Gsdmd genes, thereby enhancing the expression of VDAC and GSDMD. Altogether, our data provide novel insights into epigenetic mechanisms underlying BRD4 activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in hepatocellular lipotoxicity. Thus, BRD4 might serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of MASH.
Graphic abstract
The Automorphisms of Differential Extensions of Characteristic p
Authors: Pumplün S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNonassociative differential extensions are generalizations of associative differential extensions, either of a purely inseparable field extension K of exponent one of a field F, F of characteristic p, or of a central division algebra over a purely inseparable field extension of F. Associative differential extensions are well known central simple algebras first defined by Amitsur and Jacobson. We explicitly compute the automorphisms of nonassociative differential extensions. These are canonically obtained by restricting automorphisms of the differential polynomial ring used in the construction of the algebra. In particular, we obtain descriptions for the automorphisms of associative differential extensions of D and K, which are known to be inner.
AI for detection, classification and prediction of loss of alignment of distal radius fractures; a systematic review
Authors: Oude Nijhuis Koen D. , Dankelman Lente H. M. , Wiersma Jort P. , Barvelink Britt , IJpma Frank F.A. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Doornberg Job N. , Colaris Joost W. , Wijffels Mathieu M.E. ,   Machine Learning Consortium
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Early and accurate assessment of distal radius fractures (DRFs) is crucial for optimal prognosis. Identifying fractures likely to lose threshold alignment (instability) in a cast is vital for treatment decisions, yet prediction tools’ accuracy and reliability remain challenging. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), can evaluate radiographic images with high performance. This systematic review aims to summarize studies utilizing CNNs to detect, classify, or predict loss of threshold alignment of DRFs.

Methods
A literature search was performed according to the PRISMA. Studies were eligible when the use of AI for the detection, classification, or prediction of loss of threshold alignment was analyzed. Quality assessment was done with a modified version of the methodologic index for non-randomized studies (MINORS).

Results
Of the 576 identified studies, 15 were included. On fracture detection, studies reported sensitivity and specificity ranging from 80 to 99% and 73–100%, respectively; the AUC ranged from 0.87 to 0.99; the accuracy varied from 82 to 99%. The accuracy of fracture classification ranged from 60 to 81% and the AUC from 0.59 to 0.84. No studies focused on predicting loss of thresholds alignement of DRFs.

Conclusion
AI models for DRF detection show promising performance, indicating the potential of algorithms to assist clinicians in the assessment of radiographs. In addition, AI models showed similar performance compared to clinicians. No algorithms for predicting the loss of threshold alignment were identified in our literature search despite the clinical relevance of such algorithms.
Genotyping-by-sequencing targets genic regions and improves resolution of genome-wide association studies in autotetraploid potato
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , McLean Karen , Hedley Peter E. , Dale Finlay , Daniels Steve , Bryan Glenn J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Key message
De novo genotyping in potato using methylation-sensitive GBS discovers SNPs largely confined to genic or gene-associated regions and displays enhanced effectiveness in estimating LD decay rates, population structure and detecting GWAS associations over ‘fixed’ SNP genotyping platform. Study also reports the genetic architectures including robust sequence-tagged marker–trait associations for sixteen important potato traits potentially carrying higher transferability across a wider range of germplasm.

Abstract
This study deploys recent advancements in polyploid analytical approaches to perform complex trait analyses in cultivated tetraploid potato. The study employs a ‘fixed’ SNP Infinium array platform and a ‘flexible and open’ genome complexity reduction-based sequencing method (GBS, genotyping-by-sequencing) to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for several key potato traits including the assessment of population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the studied population. GBS SNPs discovered here were largely confined (~ 90%) to genic or gene-associated regions of the genome demonstrating the utility of using a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme (PstI) for library construction. As compared to Infinium array SNPs, GBS SNPs displayed enhanced effectiveness in estimating LD decay rates and discriminating population subgroups. GWAS using a combined set of 30,363 SNPs identified 189 unique QTL marker–trait associations (QTL-MTAs) covering all studied traits. The majority of the QTL-MTAs were from GBS SNPs potentially illustrating the effectiveness of marker-dense de novo genotyping platforms in overcoming ascertainment bias and providing a more accurate correction for different levels of relatedness in GWAS models. GWAS also detected QTL ‘hotspots’ for several traits at previously known as well as newly identified genomic locations. Due to the current study exploiting genome-wide genotyping and de novo SNP discovery simultaneously on a large tetraploid panel representing a greater diversity of the cultivated potato gene pool, the reported sequence-tagged MTAs are likely to have higher transferability across a wider range of potato germplasm and increased utility for expediting genomics-assisted breeding for the several complex traits studied.
Season of birth and schizotypy in a sample of undergraduate students
Authors: Szöke Andrei , Richard Jean-Romain , Ladea Maria , Ferchiou Aziz , Ouaknine Elie , Briciu Victor Alexandru , Pirlog Mihail Cristian , Bran Mihai , Pignon Baptiste , Schürhoff Franck 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
In line with the psychotic continuum theory, the study of psychometric schizotypy in non-clinical samples has been proposed as a convenient yet powerful method for studying the etiology of psychosis. Based on this paradigm, several studies explored the association between season of birth (SoB) and schizotypy but led to inconsistent results. Building on the analysis of the previous studies, in the present study, we aimed to advance our understanding by improving the methodology (using a homogeneous group, eliminating unreliable respondents, taking into account potential confounders) and the reporting.

Methods
Subjects were recruited among undergraduate students from 3 Romanian Universities. To limit the potential influence of invalid response, we applied methods for detecting unreliable and/or biased questionnaires and excluded subjects with unreliable/ biased answers from the analyses. Schizotypal dimensions were measured using the Romanian translation of the 22-items Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B). The association between schizotypy scores and season of birth was explored using linear regression.

Results
In a sample of 484 undergraduate students from Romania, we found that being born in late winter/early spring (February and March) was associated to higher total schizotypy score and disorganization. Furthermore, we found that restricting the sample to subjects born in an urban environment increased the strength of the association.

Conclusion
This study is consistent with an association between SoB and the risk of psychotic disorders.
Unveiling AI in the courtroom: exploring ChatGPT’s impact on judicial decision-making through a pilot Colombian case study
Authors: Perona Riccardo , de la Rosa Yezid Carrillo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article examines the impact of ChatGPT on judicial reasoning, focusing on a recent Colombian case where the judge utilized ChatGPT in the decision-making process. The case, decided in January 2023, provides a unique “pilot case study” on the subject, as the judge, in the decision, openly referenced the questions he posed to ChatGPT and the responses of the system. The article explores the case’s implications, the initial reactions to it, and its meaning and implications within the evolving Colombian legal landscape regarding the integration of technologies into judicial proceedings.
Does size matter? Exploring the effect of cobot size on user experience in human–robot collaboration
Authors: Gervasi Riccardo , Capponi Matteo , Mastrogiacomo Luca , Franceschini Fiorenzo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the vision of Industry 5.0, collaborative robots (or cobots) play a central supporting role in various industries, especially manufacturing. Close interaction with cobots requires special attention to user experience to fully exploit the benefits of this paradigm. Consequently, understanding the impact of a cobot’s physical size on user experience becomes critical to optimizing human–robot collaboration (HRC). This research aims to investigate the relationship between cobot size (UR3e – small cobot vs. UR10e – large cobot) and user experience in HRC contexts, in conjunction with other factors (i.e., cobot movement speed and product assembly complexity). Through a series of controlled experiments involving 32 participants, user experience data were obtained by collecting physiological measures (i.e., electro-dermal activity, heart activity, eye-tracking metrics) and subjective responses with questionnaires (i.e., perceived workload, interaction quality, and affective state). Results showed that the large cobot was generally perceived to be safer, more natural, efficient, fluid, and trustworthy. With the large cobot, there was a decrease in dominance; however, it was offset by the learning effect. Perceived workload was mainly influenced by product complexity. No clear difference in terms of mental strain emerged from the physiological data comparing the cobot sizes. In addition, the interaction term between cobot size and cobot movement speed never emerged as significant. The results of this research can offer practical insights to improve the effectiveness and acceptance of cobots during the implementation phase.
An integrated method and tool for telescopic beams design in extendable undercarriages
Authors: Catenacci Luca , Bilancia Pietro , Cavedoni Andrea , Pellicciari Marcello 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEarth-moving machine builders require innovative design methods and tool to optimize structural performance while reducing production and design costs, particularly in crucial phases like undercarriage frame design and structural verification. After an in-depth description of the design flow normally followed in industry, the paper presents a computationally efficient method and tool to aid designers in dimensioning extendable tracked undercarriages, aiming to drastically reduce design time and efforts to optimize resources. The proposed tool is based on an analytical model established from in-depth analyses of the undercarriage Computer Aided Design (CAD) assembly and the expertise of the industrial partner. To address the 3D structural problem, a planar system is employed with proper corrective coefficients. These coefficients are meticulously evaluated through direct comparison with Finite Element Method (FEM) models by seamlessly integrating SolidWorks and ANSYS Workbench. The tool accepts as inputs geometric and material data, as well as specific user-defined load scenarios, providing outputs in the form of the deflected configuration of the undercarriage and stress levels. Direct comparison with the results obtained from FEM for three industrial undercarriage models demonstrates the validity of the approach, with errors consistently within the 10% range in almost all cases. This enables designers with no advanced skills in FEM to efficiently validate diverse design variants with minimal effort. Once validated, the tool is integrated with an optimizer in Matlab to conduct computationally efficient design optimization studies. The optimization problem, focused on minimizing the beam’s vertical size while maintaining structural integrity and limiting deflections, has been successfully resolved within a limited computational time, showcasing the benefits of the proposed approach for undercarriage design.
Pectus excavatum: the effect of tricuspid valve compression on cardiac function
Authors: Carroll Molly K. , Powell Adam W. , Hardie William D. , Foster Karla E. , Zhang Bin , Garcia Victor F. , Vieira Alves Vinicius P. , Brown Rebeccah L. , Fleck Robert J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Pectus excavatum (PE) is a common congenital chest wall deformity with various associated health concerns, including psychosocial impacts, academic challenges, and potential cardiopulmonary effects.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the cardiac consequences of right atrioventricular groove compression in PE using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 661 patients with PE referred for evaluation. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the degree of right atrioventricular groove compression (no compression (NC), partial compression (PC), and complete compression(CC)). Chest wall indices were measured: pectus index (PI), depression index (DI), correction index (CI), and sternal torsion.

Results
The study revealed significant differences in chest wall indices between the groups: PE, NC=4.15 ± 0.94, PC=4.93 ± 1.24, and CC=7.2 ± 4.01 (P<0.0001). Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) showed no significant differences: LVEF, NC=58.72% ± 3.94, PC=58.49% ± 4.02, and CC=57.95% ± 3.92 (P=0.0984). Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) demonstrated significant differences: RVEF, NC=55.2% ± 5.3, PC=53.8% ± 4.4, and CC=53.1% ± 4.8 (P≥0.0001). Notably, the tricuspid valve (TV) measurement on the four-chamber view decreased in patients with greater compression: NC=29.52 ± 4.6; PC=28.26 ± 4.8; and CC=24.74 ± 5.73 (P<0.0001).

Conclusion
This study provides valuable insights into the cardiac consequences of right atrioventricular groove compression in PE and lends further evidence of mild cardiac changes due to PE.

Graphical abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal vascular malformations
Authors: Klein Willemijn M. , Papaioannou Georgia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVascular anomalies develop during fetal life and can be detected on prenatal ultrasonography and fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnosis of lymphatic, venous, and arteriovenous malformations, as well as congenital hemangiomas and other congenital vascular tumors, may be challenging. The benign vascular anomalies may be difficult to differentiate from malignancies with a similar appearance. In this manuscript, we present a succinct overview of the congenital vascular anomalies that may present in fetal or neonatal life.
Metabolomics in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Gogulska Zuzanna , Smolenska Zaneta , Turyn Jacek , Zdrojewski Zbigniew , Chmielewski Michał 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSystemic sclerosis is a rare autoimmune condition leading to incurable complications. Therefore fast and precise diagnosis is crucial to prevent patient death and to maintain quality of life. Unfortunately, currently known biomarkers do not meet this need. To address this problem researchers use diverse approaches to elucidate the underlying aberrations. One of the methods applied is metabolomics. This modern technique enables a comprehensive assessment of multiple compound concentrations simultaneously. As it has been gaining popularity, we found it necessary to summarize metabolomic studies presented so far in a narrative review. We found 11 appropriate articles. All of the researchers found significant differences between patients and control groups, whereas the reported findings were highly inconsistent. Additionally, we have found the investigated groups in most studies were scarcely described, and the inclusion/exclusion approach was diverse. Therefore, further study with meticulous patient assessment is necessary.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast: a review of literature
Authors: Vegni Federica , De Stefano Ilenia Sara , Policardo Federica , Tralongo Pietro , Feraco Angela , Carlino Angela , Ferraro Giulia , Zhang Qianqian , Scaglione Giulia , D’Alessandris Nicoletta , Navarra Elena , Zannoni Gianfranco , Santoro Angela , Mule Antonino , Rossi Esther Diana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrimary neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the breast are characterized by neuroendocrine architectural and cytological features, which must be supported by immunohistochemical positivity for neuroendocrine markers (such as Chromogranin and Synaptophysin). According to the literature, making a diagnosis of primary neuroendocrine breast cancer always needs to rule out a possible primary neuroendocrine neoplasm from another site. Currently, the latest 2022 version of the WHO of endocrine and neuroendocrine neoplasms has classified breast NENs as well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and aggressive neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), differentiating them from invasive breast cancers of no special type (IBCs-NST). with neuroendocrine features. The current review article describes six cases from our series and a comprehensive review of the literature in the field of NENs of the breast.