bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limit of detection and limit of quantification development procedures for organochlorine pesticides analysis in water and sediment matrices
Authors: Saadati Naghmeh , Abdullah Md Pauzi , Zakaria Zuriati , Sany Seyedeh Belin Tavakoli , Rezayi Majid , Hassonizadeh Houshang 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Reliable values for method validity of organochlorine pesticides determination were investigated, in water by solid phase extraction and in sediment by Soxhlet extraction, followed by gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. Organochlorine pesticides are categorized as Persistent Organic Pollutants. Hence, critical decisions to control exposure to these chemicals in the environment are based on their levels in different media; it is important to find valid qualitative and quantitative results for these components. In analytical chemistry, internal quality procedures are applied to produce valid logical results.

Result
In this study, 18 organochlorine pesticides were targeted for analysis and determination in water and river sediment. Experiments based on signal-to-noise ratio, calibration curve slope and laboratory fortified blank methods were conducted to determine the limits of qualification and quantification. The data were compared with each other. The limitation values, following Laboratory Fortified Blank, showed significant differences in the signal-to-noise ratio and calibration curve slope methods, which are assumed in the results for the sample concentration factor to be 1,000 times in water and 10 times in sediment matrices. The method detection limit values were found to be between 0.001 and 0.005 μg/L (mean of 0.002 ± 0.001) and 0.001 and 0.005 μg/g (mean of 0.001 ± 0.001). The quantification limits were found to be between 0.002 and 0.016 μg/L (mean of 0.006 ± 0.004) and 0.003 and 0.017 μg/g (mean of 0.005 ± 0.003 μg/L) for water and sediment, respectively, based on the laboratory fortified blank method. Because of different slopes in the calibration methods, it was also found that the limitation values for some components from the internal standard were higher than from external standard calibration, because in the latter a factor for injection efficiency is applied for calibration.

Conclusion
Technically, there are differentiations between detection limits for quality and quantity from component to component, resulting from noise, response factors of instruments and matrix interference. However, the calculation method is the cause of differentiation for each component of the different methods. The results show that for no matter what component, the relationship between these levels in different methods is approximately: Signal to Noise : Calibration Slope = 1:10. Therefore, due to different methods to determine LOD and LOQ, the values will be different. In the current study, laboratory fortified blank is the best method, with lower limitation values for Soxhlet and solid phase extraction of OCPs from sediment and water, respectively.
Lymphoma B-cell responsiveness to CpG-DNA depends on the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Ben Abdelwahed Rym , Cosette Jérémie , Donnou Sabrina , Crozet Lucile , Ouakrim Hanane , Fridman Wolf Herman , Sautès-Fridman Catherine , Mahjoub Aouni , Fisson Sylvain 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundToll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have important properties that can be exploited for immunotherapy against tumors. Locally injected immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODNs), which are TLR9 agonists, have shown promise in cancer models. Several studies have demonstrated that these motifs have immunologic effects similar to those of bacterial DNA and can stimulate monocytes, macrophages, dendritic, and B cells, which then produce several proinflammatory cytokines. However, these CpG-ODNs appear to produce opposite effects on tumor B cells.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the direct effects of a murine class B CpG (1826) ODNs on lymphoma B cellsin vitroandin vivo,using mouse models of non-Hodgkin B lymphomas developing in immunoprivileged sites, specifically the brain and the eye, and in subcutaneous sites.ResultsIn vitro, CpG-ODNs produced antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on lymphoma B cells.In vivo, it had an antitumor effect when injected into tumors in murine models of subcutaneous lymphoma (SCL) and primary cerebral lymphoma (PCL). However, its intravitreal administration into a primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) mouse model did not produce an antitumor effect.In vitroexperiments using supernatant from mouse PIOL samples demonstrated that the PIOL molecular microenvironment inhibits the antiproliferative effect of CpG-ODNs on lymphoma B-cells.ConclusionsResponsiveness to CpG stimulation differs in subcutaneous, cerebral, and ocular tumors, according to the tumoral and molecular microenvironment, and this should be considered for further therapeutic approaches.
The influence of the inactives subset generation on the performance of machine learning methods
Authors: Smusz Sabina , Kurczab Rafał , Bojarski Andrzej J 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
A growing popularity of machine learning methods application in virtual screening, in both classification and regression tasks, can be observed in the past few years. However, their effectiveness is strongly dependent on many different factors.

Results
In this study, the influence of the way of forming the set of inactives on the classification process was examined: random and diverse selection from the ZINC database, MDDR database and libraries generated according to the DUD methodology. All learning methods were tested in two modes: using one test set, the same for each method of inactive molecules generation and using test sets with inactives prepared in an analogous way as for training. The experiments were carried out for 5 different protein targets, 3 fingerprints for molecules representation and 7 classification algorithms with varying parameters. It appeared that the process of inactive set formation had a substantial impact on the machine learning methods performance.

Conclusions
The level of chemical space limitation determined the ability of tested classifiers to select potentially active molecules in virtual screening tasks, as for example DUDs (widely applied in docking experiments) did not provide proper selection of active molecules from databases with diverse structures. The study clearly showed that inactive compounds forming training set should be representative to the highest possible extent for libraries that undergo screening.
Grammar Tests as a Motivational Tool for Grade 7 Students of Assumption College Thonburi (ACT)
Authors: Boonmusik Apinya 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This study focused on the use of teacher-designed Grammar tests for assessing Student s' grammar knowledge on certain topics after the same classroom learning experience. Traditional grammar tests are used with sample students to assess them along with two teacher-designed tests. Test 1 is made up of multiple choice, arranging words into sentence, gap-fills, and competing the text of the sentence. Test 2 on the other hand is made up of the same test types but provided with colorful pictures, chart presentations, and simplified choices, it was found that students were more motivated in trying their best to answer all questions in test 1 and test 2.
An Investigation into the Effects of Time of Administration and Language of Instruction on Persian Language Learners' Listening Ability
Authors: Soureshjani Kamal Heidari 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Among sundry factors influencing an individual score "Environmental factors" and "Test rubric" play significant roles. The present article attempted to investigate the influence of "time of administration" and "language of instruction", each relating to the above-mentioned factors respectively on the Iranian EFL students' listening ability. To do so, 90 male and female language learners were selected and an old version of TOEFL test was given to them in order to ensure their proficiency level. Then, a listening comprehension test, derived from the material they were studying, was distributed among them at different times, each time with specific conditions and purposes. Results of the study revealed that students' performance was better when: The test was given in the morning, and with Persian (the students' native language) instructions. Conducting such studies can add valuable knowledge to the existing body of knowledge regarding the preparation of the best conditions for test takers on the exams.
Teaching Tense through Texts and Drills: Comparison of Test Scores
Authors: Witchukriangkrai Thunyapat 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Comparison of Teaching Tense through Texts and Drills: A Case Study in Thailand was to study the effectiveness, the causes and advantages and disadvantages of the effects following from these teaching methods. Both grammar classes of grade 11 students of English Program Department of Assumption College Thonburi were taught by two different teaching methods, using texts and drills. They were tested by pre-test and post-test. The results and the opinions of both tests of both classes were compared. The students in the class taught by drills got higher development score; however, the other class already got high scores in their pre-test and we can't see much improvement from their score because there's not much chance to improve anymore. Moreover, the questionnaire asking about the students' opinions and suggestions about the tests expressed that one of the most possible way suggested is that teachers should choose the teaching styles which are appropriate with their own students according to some specific, individual factors of each class.
C-test and Vocabulary Knowledge
Authors: KARIMI NEDA 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the applicability of C-test in vocabulary assessment. Doing so four C-tests, two different in terms of their lexical richness (measured through P_Lex) and the other two different in terms of their lexical variation (measured through type/token ratio), were developed and the performance of 74 and 77 Iranian TEFL MA students on these tests was examined. These C-tests were identical in every term except lexical characteristics. The results revealed that the test takers performed significantly different in both situations. This led to the conclusion that C-test has the potential to tap vocabulary knowledge and with the consideration of lexical characteristics of C-test texts we can tailor C-tests that are suitable for vocabulary knowledge assessment.
A comparative study of composing processes in reading- and graph-based writing tasks
Authors: Yang Hui-Chun 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The study compares EFL writers' processes in composing reading-based writing (RW) and graph-based writing (GW) tasks developed for a university English proficiency exam. Think-aloud protocols and interviews of ten university-level nonnative English-speaking writers were collected to explore writers' composing processes. The results revealed that both types of the tasks require global comprehension of source texts as well as integrative manipulation of available information for writing. Some differences, however, existed across tasks and writers of varying score levels, with the RW tasks eliciting a more interactive and facilitative process than the GW tasks for the higher scoring writers. These results suggested that these tasks might measure different aspects of academic writing ability. Several considerations of the task constructs should apply in properly determining their use in a language test. The findings could be used to provide insights into the nature of RW and GW tasks and contribute to the validity of source-based writing tasks.
An Investigation of the Writing Test Used at the Institute of International Studies, Ramkhamhaeng University (IIS-RU), Thailand
Authors: Kansopon Venus 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This study primarily investigated the validity and reliability of the writing assessments and their backwash effects on the undergraduates of Institute of International Studies, Ramkhamhaeng University (IIS-RU). The English-major students had academic writing skills problem, especially among the non-native English speakers, whose writing ability was critical to their academic achievement as they were required to produce many academic writing tasks. There were some native English speaking students who were also unable to write essays or compose properly. The IIS professors motivated their students to develop their writing skills by using writing tests (e.g., essay exam and writing prompt test) as the instruments to measure students' writing competence, ability, and knowledge in curriculum.
The epidemiology of septic shock in French intensive care units: the prospective multicenter cohort EPISS study
Authors: Quenot Jean-Pierre , Binquet Christine , Kara Fady , Martinet Olivier , Ganster Frederique , Navellou Jean-Christophe , Castelain Vincent , Barraud Damien , Cousson Joel , Louis Guillaume , Perez Pierre , Kuteifan Khaldoun , Noirot Alain , Badie Julio , Mezher Chaouki , Lessire Henry , Pavon Arnaud 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Introduction
To provide up-to-date information on the prognostic factors associated with 28-day mortality in a cohort of septic shock patients in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods
Prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study in ICUs from 14 French general (non-academic) and university teaching hospitals. All consecutive patients with septic shock admitted between November 2009 and March 2011 were eligible for inclusion. We prospectively recorded data regarding patient characteristics, infection, severity of illness, life support therapy, and discharge.

Results
Among 10,941 patients admitted to participating ICUs between October 2009 and September 2011, 1,495 (13.7%) patients presented inclusion criteria for septic shock and were included. Invasive mechanical ventilation was needed in 83.9% (n = 1248), inotropes in 27.7% (n = 412), continuous renal replacement therapy in 32.5% (n = 484), and hemodialysis in 19.6% (n = 291). Mortality at 28 days was 42% (n = 625). Variables associated with time to mortality, right-censored at day 28: age (for each additional 10 years) (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-1.38), immunosuppression (HR = 1.63; 95%CI: 1.37-1.96), Knaus class C/D score versus class A/B score (HR = 1.36; 95%CI:1.14-1.62) and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (HR = 1.24 for each additional point; 95%CI: 1.21-1.27). Patients with septic shock and renal/urinary tract infection had a significantly longer time to mortality (HR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.42-0.75).

Conclusion
Our observational data of consecutive patients from real-life practice confirm that septic shock is common and carries high mortality in general ICU populations. Our results are in contrast with the clinical trial setting, and could be useful for healthcare planning and clinical study design.
Kooperierende Mobile Roboter
Authors: Behnke Sven 
Published: April 2013

Zusammenfassung
Der Einsatz von Teams kooperierender mobiler Roboter ist erforderlich, wenn eine Aufgabe inhärent verteilt ist oder nicht von einem Roboter allein bewältigt werden kann. Auch wenn Aufgaben prinzipiell von Einzelrobotern erledigt werden können, kann der Einsatz mehrerer Roboter Vorteile bringen, da Roboterteams schneller, robuster und skalierbarer sein können. Bei der Steuerung kooperierender mobiler Robotern müssen vielfältige Ressourcenzuordnungsprobleme gelöst werden, beispielsweise die Aufgabenzuordnung oder die Zuordnung von Gebieten des Arbeitsraums. Im Artikel werden Kommunikations- und Kontrollarchitekturen, sowie Pfadplanungs- und Lernverfahren diskutiert, die für Multi-Roboter-Systeme entwickelt wurden. Die mögliche Nützlichkeit kooperierender mobiler Roboter wird durch vier Anwendungsbeispiele illustriert.
Flugroboter. Ein Überblick über technologische und operationelle Entwicklungen und Trends
Authors: Hecker Peter , Bretschneider Lutz , Bestmann Ulf , Schachtebeck Per Martin 
Published: April 2013

Zusammenfassung
Technologische Fortschritte in den Kernbereichen der Luftfahrt- und Informationstechnologie wie z. B. dem Leichtbau, der Aerodynamik, der Antriebs- und Energiespeichertechnik sowie der Flugsysteme haben der Entwicklung von autonomen und oftmals miniaturisierten Fluggeräten erheblichen Vortrieb geliefert. In Verbindung mit neuen Methoden der automatisierten Luftfahrzeugführung erobern Flugroboter in bisher ungeahntem Ausmaß neue Anwendungsfelder. Der vorliegende Artikel soll einen kurzen Überblick über Trends in der Entwicklung dieser Systeme bieten.
Simulation-Driven Engineering für mobile Systeme. Virtuelle Welten als Entwicklungsplattform für mobile Robotik - Von der Planetenexploration bis in den Wald
Authors: Roßmann Jürgen , Schluse Michael , Rast Malte 
Published: April 2013

Zusammenfassung
Moderne 3D-Simulationstechnik legt die Grundlagen zur effizienten Zusammenführung komplexer Entwicklungsvorhaben für die mobile Robotik, indem sie neue Methoden zur multidisziplinären Entwicklung mobiler Systeme bereitstellt. Hierzu müssen Systemmodelle, Simulations-, Steuerungs- und Daten verarbeitende Algorithmen sowie reale Systeme für die ganzheitliche Betrachtung des dynamischen Gesamtsystems integriert werden. Die so geschaffene aktive Wissensbasis vereinfacht die Verifikation neu entwickelter Methoden unter frei wählbaren Randbedingungen und deren Übertragung auf andere Anwendungsfelder im Zuge eines effizienten Technologietransfers. Neue Konzepte wie das der Virtuellen Testbeds legen hierzu die konzeptionelle Grundlage.
Crystal structure of trans-diacetonitrile diaqua(N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) nickel(II) diiodide, [Ni(tmen)(CH3CN)2(H2O)2]2+·2I–, C10H26I2N4NiO2
Authors: Ishikawa Yuki , Miyamoto Keiko , Horn Ernst 
Published: April 2013

Abstract C10H26I2N4NiO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.6587(4) Å, b = 17.4436(8) Å, c = 15.0273(7) Å, β = 98.770(1)°, V = 1984.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0406, wRref(F) = 0.0435, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of catena-((μ3-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylato-κ6O)- triaqua- erbium(III)sesquihydrate), Er(C9H3O6)(H2O)3·1.5H2O, C9H12ErO10.50
Authors: Zhang Wei-Min , Dong Ting-Fang , Lu Zhong-Min , Ding Yi 
Published: April 2013

Abstract C9H12ErO10.50, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 20.415(2) Å, b = 9.8975(7) Å, c = 15.189(1) Å, β = 126.130(1)°, V = 2478.8 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0199, wRref(F2) = 0.0486, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of (2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1Hpurin- 8-yl-κC)(di-thiocarboxylato-2-κ2C,S)-tris(trimethylphosphine-κP) cobalt(I) tetrahydrofuran solvate, C22H44CoN4O3P3S2
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Xu Wengang , Li Junye , Lu Faguan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract C22H44CoN4O3P3S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.775(3) Å, b = 14.680(3) Å, c = 16.174(3) Å, β = 104.15(3)°, V = 2941.2 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0242, wRref(F2) = 0.0640, T = 293 K.
American Society of Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire 2012
Authors: Mehrotra Rajnish , Glassock Richard J. , Bleyer Anthony J. 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Presentation of the Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire has become an annual tradition at the meetings of the American Society of Nephrology. It is a very popular session judged by consistently large attendance. Members of the audience test their knowledge and judgment on a series of case-oriented questions prepared and discussed by experts. They can also compare their answers in real time, using audience response devices, with the answers of program directors of nephrology training programs in the United States acquired through an Internet-based questionnaire. Topics presented here include fluid and electrolyte disorders, glomerular diseases, transplantation, and ESRD and dialysis. Cases representing each of these categories along with single best answer questions were prepared by a panel of experts (Drs. Palmer, Fervenza, and Brennan and Mehrotra, respectively). The correct and incorrect answers then were briefly discussed after the audience responses, and the results of the questionnaire were displayed. This article tries to recapitulate the session and reproduce its educational value for a larger audience—the readers of the CJASN.
Candidate Gene Analysis of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Verschuren Jeffrey J.W. , Ocak Gurbey , Dekker Friedo W. , Rabelink Ton J. , Jukema J. Wouter , Rotmans Joris I. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBackground and objectivesArteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure remains an important cause of morbidity in hemodialysis patients. The exact underlying mechanisms responsible for AVF failure are unknown but processes like proliferation, inflammation, vascular remodeling, and thrombosis are thought to be involved. The current objective was to investigate the association between AVF failure and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to these pathophysiologic processes in a large population of incident hemodialysis patients.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsA total of 479 incident hemodialysis patients were included between January 1997 and April 2004. Follow-up lasted 2 years or until AVF failure, defined as surgery, percutaneous endovascular intervention, or abandonment of the vascular access. Forty-three SNPs in 26 genes, related to proliferation, inflammation, endothelial function, vascular remodeling, coagulation, and calcium/phosphate metabolism, were genotyped. Relations were analyzed using Cox regression analysis.ResultsIn total, 207 (43.2%) patients developed AVF failure. After adjustment, two SNPs were significantly associated with an increased risk of AVF failure. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of LRP1 rs1466535 was 1.75 (1.15 to 2.66) and patients with factor V Leiden had a hazard ratio of 2.54 (1.41 to 4.56) to develop AVF failure. The other SNPs were not associated with AVF failure.ConclusionsIn this large cohort of hemodialysis patients, only 2 of the 43 candidate SNPs were associated with an increased risk of AVF failure. Whether other factors, like local hemodynamic circumstances, are more important or other SNPs play a role in AVF failure remains to be elucidated.
Population pharmacokinetic of antiepileptic drugs in different populations
Authors: Milovanovic Jasmina , Jankovic Slobodan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This article reviews a population pharmacokinetics studies conducted during the past few years in Serbia. Studies have included three the most frequently used antiepileptic drugs (valproate, carbamazepine and lamotrigine) and different populations of epileptic patients: children, adults and heterogeneous population composed of both children and adults. The review compares obtained values of population pharmacokinetic models of clearance of these drugs, and factors that are significantly determined, making brief comments on the results of other authors on the same topic. Individualization of drug dosage is the basis of rational therapy, and factors of variability will always be subject of scientific research.
Progressive course of isolated splenic myeloid sarcoma
Authors: Antic Darko , Perunicic Jovanovic Maja , Knezevic Djordje , Ostojic Slavenko , Elezovic Ivo 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A previously healthy 40-year-old male presented with a 2-week history of fever and abdominal discomfort that was resistant to empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. The patient’s blood cell count and complete biochemical panel was normal, except for an increased lactate dehydrogenase level. Ultrasonography and computed tomography of the abdomen showed a large, soft tissue mass had infiltrated superior part of the spleen. Splenectomy with total tumor mass removal were performed. The pathological examination of the tumor tissue confirmed diagnosis of isolated myeloid sarcoma with monoblastic differentiation. Despite intensive antileukemic therapy, patient died four months after diagnosis was established.