bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of cerebral white matter lesions with cognitive function and mood in Japanese elderly people: a population‐based study
Authors: Yamawaki Mika , Wada‐Isoe Kenji , Yamamoto Mikie , Nakashita Satoko , Uemura Yusuke , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Nakayama Takeo , Nakashima Kenji 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the relationships between regional white matter lesions (WMLs), lifestyle factors, and cognitive, motor function and mood.MethodsA comprehensive evaluation, including brain MRI, blood tests, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, the Mini Mental State Examination, and the Geriatric Depression Scale, was performed for people aged 65 years or older living in Ama‐cho on October 1, 2009. Participants were classified by severity of periventricular hyperintensities (PVH) and deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) using the Fazekas score.ResultsOf 900 eligible participants, 688 (76.4%) were enrolled, including 303 men. Significant predictors of severe PVH were older age, lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels, elevated blood pressure (BP), cerebral infarction, and no current alcohol use. Significant predictors of severe DWMH were older age, lower 1,5‐anhydroglucitol (1,5‐AG) levels, elevated BP, cerebral infarction, and no current alcohol use. Higher cognitive function was associated with younger age, female sex, mild DWMH, more years of education, and higher high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Depressive symptoms were associated with lower 1,5‐AG levels, lower LDL‐C levels, moderate to severe PVH, and no current alcohol use.ConclusionsWhite matter lesions in elderly people were related to hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance. The severity of WMLs was associated with cognitive function and mood.
Psychology Without Psy Professionals: Exploring an Unemployed Centre Families Project as a Mental Health Resource
Authors: Walker Carl , Hanna Paul , Hart Angie 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe activities and technologies of the psychology (Psy) disciplines, in the process of privileging professional understandings of distress, could be seen to be potentially facilitating corrosion in the capacity of the lay public to understand and ameliorate their distress. This paper draws on the experiences of people who use an Unemployed Centre Families Project in the South of England to provide an example of community mental health work that does not draw on the dominant discourses, institutions or practitioners of the Psy sciences. Through interviews with centre users, staff and volunteers, a picture emerges of a community space that provides a variety of services, projects and opportunities that have a very considerable positive impact on the mental well‐being of the centre users. This picture highlights non‐medical intersubjective processes that offer possibilities for recoveries from mental distress but that are often neglected and subordinated in the professional worlds of Psy and psychiatry. Such centres facilitate social networks and practical help, and transitions in identity can be beneficial for those experiencing mental distress. In so doing, they make prominent some of the key limitations of biomedical approaches to recovery. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vignettes of DES failure
Authors: Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: February 2015

Key Points

Clinical and angiographic patterns of restenosis after DES vary as a function of time since stent placement
Acute coronary syndromes and myocardial infarction can be a late (>36 months) manifestation of DES failure with a poor prognosis
The role of extended antiplatelet therapy is unclear, but this continued hazard should encourage evidence‐based practice to optimize long‐term outcomes
Aerobic Oxidative Esterification of Benzyl Alcohol and Acetaldehyde over Gold Supported on Nanostructured Ceria–Alumina Mixed Oxides
Authors: Smolentseva Elena , Costa Vinícius V. , Cotta Rafaela F. , Simakova Olga , Beloshapkin Sergey , Gusevskaya Elena V. , Simakov Andrey 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAu nanoparticles supported on nanostructured ceria‐alumina mixed oxides (10 and 30 wt % ceria) were prepared by a deposition–precipitation method. Their properties were studied by N2 adsorption, XRD, TEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV/Vis spectroscopy under temperature‐programmed reduction or oxidation. The materials catalyzed the liquid‐phase aerobic oxidative esterification of benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde effectively and showed a much better performance than Au supported on the individual oxides. The reactions occurred with high turnover numbers (up to 19 000) in methanol solutions in the absence of any auxiliary base and gave mainly methyl benzoate. The strong synergetic effect of ceria and alumina can be explained by the enhanced oxygen storage capacity of the materials prepared from mixed oxides compared to that of pure alumina and ceria. The order of the catalytic activity (Au/Al2O3<Au/CeO2<Au/Ce(10)‐Al<Au/Ce(30)‐Al) correlated well with the oxygen activation capacity of the materials.
Simulation of a Lignite‐Based Polygeneration System Coproducing Electricity and Tar with Carbon Capture
Authors: Guo Zhihang , Wang Qinhui , Fang Mengxiang , Luo Zhongyang , Cen Kefa 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLignite‐based polygeneration systems for coproducing tar and electricity with and without carbon capture and storage (CCS) were proposed and simulated. Predried lignite was pyrolyzed into coal gas, tar, and char. Coal gas was fired in a gas turbine after the cleanup process, while char was combusted in circulating fluidized‐bed (CFB) boilers. The polygeneration plant without CCS turned out to be more efficient than the conventional CFB power plant, suggesting that the former is a promising and efficient option to utilize lignite resources. Moreover, the performance and emissions of polygeneration plants with and without CCS were compared. It was shown that the more CO2 is captured, the larger energy penalty it will cost. Therefore, a trade‐off should be made between low emissions and high efficiency.
Cross‐Talk Between the Octarepeat Domain and the Fifth Binding Site of Prion Protein Driven by the Interaction of Copper(II) with the N‐terminus
Authors: Di Natale Giuseppe , Turi Ildikó , Pappalardo Giuseppe , Sóvágó Imre , Rizzarelli Enrico 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPrion diseases are a group of neurodegenerative diseases based on the conformational conversion of the normal form of the prion protein (PrPC) to the disease‐related scrapie isoform (PrPSc). Copper(II) coordination to PrPC has attracted considerable interest for almost 20 years, mainly due to the possibility that such an interaction would be an important event for the physiological function of PrPC. In this work, we report the copper(II) coordination features of the peptide fragment Ac(PEG11)3PrP(60‐114) [Ac=acetyl] as a model for the whole N‐terminus of the PrPC metal‐binding domain. We studied the complexation properties of the peptide by means of potentiometric, UV/Vis, circular dichroism and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry techniques. The results revealed that the preferred histidyl binding sites largely depend on the pH and copper(II)/peptide ratio. Formation of macrochelate species occurs up to a 2:1 metal/peptide ratio in the physiological pH range and simultaneously involves the histidyl residues present both inside and outside the octarepeat domain. However, at increased copper(II)/peptide ratios amide‐bound species form, especially within the octarepeat domain. On the contrary, at basic pH the amide‐bound species predominate at any copper/peptide ratio and are formed preferably with the binding sites of His96 and His111, which is similar to the metal‐binding‐affinity order observed in our previous studies.
An Efficient Nanoparticle‐Supported and Magnetically Recoverable Copper(I) Catalyst for Synthesis of Furans from Ene‐yne‐ketone
Authors: Liu Yi , Liu Zhan , Cui Yingde 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA magnetic nano‐supported Cu(I) catalyst was prepared and showed high activity for cyclization of ene‐yne‐ketone to synthesize furans. The catalyst was easily recovered from the reaction by using external magnets and reused 8 times without significant loss of its catalytic activity.
Acceptor‐Donor‐Acceptor Type Small Molecular Low Band Gap Organic Semiconductors Containing 2‐Dicyanomethylen‐3‐cyano‐4,5,5‐trimethyl‐dihydrofuran
Authors: Chen Sanlong , Qiao Xiaolan , Li Heping , Li Hongxiang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAcceptor‐donor‐acceptor type compounds W1–W3 were designed and synthesized. These compounds had the same donor moiety of 2,6‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene and different acceptor groups of 2‐dicyanomethylen‐3‐cyano‐4,5,5‐trimethyl‐2,5‐dihydrofuran (TCF), dicyanovinyl (DCV) and 3‐ethyl‐2‐thioxothiazolidin‐4‐one. Experimental results showed all compounds had high thermal stability and strong absorption in the visible light region. Among them, compound W1 with TCF as acceptor group displayed the lowest LUMO energy level of −3.74 eV and the smallest HOMO‐LUMO band gap of 1.74 eV, suggesting the potential applications of TCF unit in low band gap organic semiconductors.
Pillar[n]arenes and Other Cavitands: Aspects of Complex Thermodynamics
Authors: Park Chiyoung , Kim Kyoung Taek 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNovel cavitands, the pillar[n]arenes, have captivated the attention of supramolecular chemists since the first reported synthesis of pillar[5]arene displaying binding capability to guest molecules. Recently, pillar[n]arenes and their functionalized pillar[n]arenes have been applied in many different areas, from supramolecular chemistry to materials science. Pillar[n]arenes have symmetric pillar shapes, and consist of n hydroquinone units bridged by methylene groups, which link the 2‐ and 5‐positions of the hydroquinone units. The inner surface of the cavity of pillar[n]arenes is π‐electron‐rich, thus providing a favorable environment for guest molecules bearing electron withdrawing groups. Despite the extensive efforts, however, the complex thermodynamics of pillar[n]arenes have not been systematically investigated to date. This review outlines the range and perspectives of the thermodynamic characteristics of pillar[n]arenes in comparison with other successful cavitands, such as cyclodextrins and cucurbit[n]urils.
Late Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Prevents Left Ventricular Remodeling and Improves Clinical Outcomes in Patients With ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Fan Yan , Bai Xiaojun , Chen Yuewu , Shen Guidong , Lu Qun , Wan Zhaofei , Zhou Dong , Shen Yuan , Ma Aiqun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal strategy for treating late presenters of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains uncertain.Hypothesispercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has a favorable effect on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and clinical outcomes in late presenters of STEMI.MethodsPatients with STEMI who were hospitalized between 2009 and 2011 at 7 PCI‐capable hospitals in China were selected. Cardiac characteristics were reassessed by echocardiography between August 2013 and January 2014. The clinical endpoints were evaluated during a median follow‐up period of 36 months.Results1090 patients who either underwent late PCI (n = 786) or received standard medical therapy alone (n = 304) was analyzed. Left ventricular remodeling was more pronounced in the conservative‐treatment group. Logistic regression revealed that late PCI was independently and negatively correlated with LV remodeling (odds ratio: 0.356, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.251‐0.505, P < 0.001). Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed the lower risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all‐cause death, and rehospitalization for heart failure in the late‐PCI group. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that late PCI was significantly associated with lower risks for MACE, all‐cause death, and rehospitalization for heart failure both in all patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.507, 95% CI: 0.412‐0.625, P < 0.001; HR: 0.419, 95% CI: 0.314‐0.559, P < 0.001; and HR: 0.583, 95% CI: 0.379‐0.896, P = 0.014, respectively) and in the matched patients (HR: 0.466, 95% CI: 0.358‐0.607, P < 0.001; HR: 0.398, 95% CI: 0.277‐0.571, P < 0.001; and HR: 0.498, 95% CI: 0.283‐0.878, P = 0.016, respectively) by propensity‐score analysis.ConclusionsLate‐PCI strategy prevents LV remodeling and improves clinical outcomes in STEMI patients compared with conservative strategies.
The past, present, and future of cancer incidence in the United States: 1975 through 2020
Authors: Weir Hannah K. , Thompson Trevor D. , Soman Ashwini , Møller Bjørn , Leadbetter Steven 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDThe overall age‐standardized cancer incidence rate continues to decline whereas the number of cases diagnosed each year increases. Predicting cancer incidence can help to anticipate future resource needs, evaluate primary prevention strategies, and inform research.METHODSSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data were used to estimate the number of cancers (all sites) resulting from changes in population risk, age, and size. The authors projected to 2020 nationwide age‐standardized incidence rates and cases (including the top 23 cancers).RESULTSSince 1975, incident cases increased among white individuals, primarily caused by an aging white population, and among black individuals, primarily caused by an increasing black population. Between 2010 and 2020, it is expected that overall incidence rates (proxy for risk) will decrease slightly among black men and stabilize in other groups. By 2020, the authors predict annual cancer cases (all races, all sites) to increase among men by 24.1% (−3.2% risk and 27.3% age/growth) to >1 million cases, and by 20.6% among women (1.2% risk and 19.4% age/growth) to >900,000 cases. The largest increases are expected for melanoma (white individuals); cancers of the prostate, kidney, liver, and urinary bladder in males; and the lung, breast, uterus, and thyroid in females.CONCLUSIONSOverall, the authors predict cancer incidence rates/risk to stabilize for the majority of the population; however, they expect the number of cancer cases to increase by >20%. A greater emphasis on primary prevention and early detection is needed to counter the effect of an aging and growing population on the burden of cancer. Cancer 2015;121:1827–1837. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Unrelated cord blood compared with haploidentical grafts in patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: El‐Cheikh Jean , Crocchiolo Roberto , Furst Sabine , Bramanti Stefania , Sarina Barbara , Granata Angela , Vai Andrea , Lemarie Claude , Faucher Catherine , Mohty Bilal , Harbi Samia , Bouabdallah Reda , Vey Norbert , Santoro Armando , Chabannon Christian , Castagna Luca , Blaise Didier 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDAlternative donors, such as unrelated umbilical cord blood (UCB) and related haploidentical (haplo) donors, are more and more frequently searched for and used for patients who are candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation but are without a suitable related or unrelated donor. The aim of the current retrospective study was to compare the outcome of patients after haplo and UCB grafts prepared using a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen.METHODSA total of 150 adult patients with high‐risk hematologic diseases who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from alternative donors at 2 centers (Paoli‐Calmettes Institute [Marseille, France] and Humanitas Cancer Center [Milan, Italy]) were analyzed. Sixty‐nine patients had haplo donors and 81 patients had UCB donors.RESULTSThe cumulative incidence of nonrecurrence mortality at 1 year was 23% in the UCB group versus 17% in the haplo group (P = .39). The incidence of grade 2 to 4 acute graft‐versus‐host disease and extensive chronic graft‐versus‐host disease in the UCB group versus the haplo group was 52% versus 29% (P = .05) and 12% versus 6% (P<.0001), respectively. The overall survival rate at 2 years was 45% in the UCB group (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 34%‐56%) versus 69% in the haplo group (95% CI, 58%‐80%) (P = .10). The progression‐free survival rate at 2 years was 36% in the UCB group (95% CI, 25%‐47%) versus 65% in the haplo group (95% CI, 53%‐77%) (P = .01).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study suggest that for patients with high‐risk hematological diseases without a related or unrelated donor, haploidentical transplants are a promising alternative option that deserves further investigation. Cancer 2015;121:1809–1816. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
The gyri of the octopus vertical lobe have distinct neurochemical identities
Authors: Shigeno Shuichi , Ragsdale Clifton W. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe cephalopod vertical lobe is the largest learning and memory structure known in invertebrate nervous systems. It is part of the visual learning circuit of the central brain, which also includes the superior frontal and subvertical lobes. Despite the well‐established functional importance of this system, little is known about neuropil organization of these structures and there is to date no evidence that the five longitudinal gyri of the vertical lobe, perhaps the most distinctive morphological feature of the octopus brain, differ in their connections or molecular identities. We studied the histochemical organization of these structures in hatchling and adult Octopus bimaculoides brains with immunostaining for serotonin, octopus gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (oGNRH), and octopressin‐neurophysin (OP‐NP). Our major finding is that the five lobules forming the vertical lobe gyri have distinct neurochemical signatures. This is most prominent in the hatchling brain, where the median and mediolateral lobules are enriched in OP‐NP fibers, the lateral lobule is marked by oGNRH innervation, and serotonin immunostaining heavily labels the median and lateral lobules. A major source of input to the vertical lobe is the superior frontal lobe, which is dominated by a neuropil of interweaving fiber bundles. We have found that this neuropil also has an intrinsic neurochemical organization: it is partitioned into territories alternately enriched or impoverished in oGNRH‐containing fascicles. Our findings establish that the constituent lobes of the octopus superior frontal–vertical system have an intricate internal anatomy, one likely to reflect the presence of functional subsystems within cephalopod learning circuitry. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1297–1317, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanistic Studies on the Cascade Conversion of 1,3‐Dihydroxyacetone and Formaldehyde into α‐Hydroxy‐γ‐butyrolactone
Authors: Yamaguchi Sho , Matsuo Takeaki , Motokura Ken , Sakamoto Yasuharu , Miyaji Akimitsu , Baba Toshihide 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe chemical synthesis of commercially and industrially important products from biomass‐derived sugars is absolutely vital to establish biomass utilization as a sustainable alternative source of chemical starting materials. α‐Hydroxy‐γ‐butyrolactone is a useful synthetic intermediate in pharmaceutical chemistry, and so novel biomass‐related routes for its production may help to validate this eco‐friendly methodology. Herein, we report the specific catalytic activity of homogeneous tin halides to convert the biomass‐derived triose sugar 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone and formaldehyde into α‐hydroxy‐γ‐butyrolactone. A detailed screening of catalysts showed the suitability of tin catalysts for this reaction system, and isotope experiments using [D2]paraformaldehyde, substrate screening, and time profile measurements allowed us to propose a detailed reaction pathway. In addition, to elucidate the activated species in this cascade reaction, the effect of additional water and the influence of additional Brønsted acids on the reaction preferences for the formation of α‐hydroxy‐γ‐butyrolactone, lactic acid, and vinyl glycolate were investigated. The active form of the Sn catalyst was investigated by 119Sn NMR spectroscopy.
The role of cell adhesion molecules in visual circuit formation: From neurite outgrowth to maps and synaptic specificity
Authors: Missaire Mégane , Hindges Robert 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe formation of visual circuitry is a multistep process that involves cell–cell interactions based on a range of molecular mechanisms. The correct implementation of individual events, including axon outgrowth and guidance, the formation of the topographic map, or the synaptic targeting of specific cellular subtypes, are prerequisites for a fully functional visual system that is able to appropriately process the information captured by the eyes. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) with their adhesive properties and their high functional diversity have been identified as key actors in several of these fundamental processes. Because of their growth‐promoting properties, CAMs play an important role in neuritogenesis. Furthermore, they are necessary to control additional neurite development, regulating dendritic spacing and axon pathfinding. Finally, trans‐synaptic interactions of CAMs ensure cell type‐specific connectivity as a basis for the establishment of circuits processing distinct visual features. Recent discoveries implicating CAMs in novel mechanisms have led to a better general understanding of neural circuit formation, but also revealed an increasing complexity of their function. This review aims at describing the different levels of action for CAMs to shape neural connectivity, with a special focus on the visual system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 569–583, 2015
Interactive effect of warming, nitrogen and phosphorus limitation on phytoplankton cell size
Authors: Peter Kalista Higini , Sommer Ulrich 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCell size is one of the ecologically most important traits of phytoplankton. The cell size variation is frequently related to temperature and nutrient limitation. In order to disentangle the role of both factors, an experiment was conducted to determine the possible interactions of these factors. Baltic Sea water containing the natural plankton community was used. We performed a factorial combined experiment of temperature, type of nutrient limitation (N vs. P), and strength of nutrient limitation. The type of nutrient limitation was manipulated by altering the N:P ratio of the medium (balanced, N and P limitation) and strength by the dilution rate (0% and 50%) of the semicontinuous cultures. The negative effect of temperature on cell size was strongest under N limitation, intermediate under P limitation, and weakest when N and P were supplied at balanced ratios. However, temperature also influenced the intensity of nutrient imitation, because at higher temperature there was a tendency for dissolved nutrient concentrations to be lower, while the C:N or C:P ratio being higher…higher at identical dilution rates and medium composition. Analyzing the response of cell size to C:N ratios (as index of N limitation) and C:P ratios (as index of P limitation) indicated a clear dominance of the nutrient effect over the direct temperature effect, although the temperature effect was also significant.
Fundamental Aspects of Rare Earth Oxides Affecting Direct NO Decomposition Catalysis
Authors: Tsujimoto Soichiro , Masui Toshiyuki , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe basic aspects of rare earth oxides (REOs) that affect their capacity for direct NO decomposition catalysis were investigated. A correlation between crystal structure and catalytic activity was found, which is related to the NO adsorption ability of the REOs. The crystal structure was the most important factor affecting direct NO decomposition over REOs, since the adsorption of NO was significantly dependent on the coordination environments of the rare earth cations within each crystal lattice. Among the REOs, cubic C‐type oxides showed higher NO decomposition activities than those of the others. Within a series of C‐type cubic REOs, the activity was typically dominated by the density of the surface basic sites, and the effects of particle morphology and lattice parameters were small.