bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation‐Induced Synthesis of Nanostructured Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Solution: Fundamental Effect of Oxidizing Species
Authors: Lattach Youssef , Coletta Cecilia , Ghosh Srabanti , Remita Samy 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSynthesis of conjugated poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymers is achieved through the radiolysis of N2O‐saturated aqueous solutions of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene by using two different oxidizing species: HO. (hydroxyl) and N3. (azide) radicals. Both oxidative species lead to self‐assembled polymers that are evidenced in solution by cryotransmission electron microscopy and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and, after centrifugation and deposition, by scanning electron microscopy and attenuated total reflectance FTIR techniques. Whereas HO. radicals lead to PEDOT‐OH globular nanostructures with hydrophilic properties, N3. radicals enable the formation of amphiphilic PEDOT‐N3 fibrillar nanostructures. These results, which highlight the differences in the intermolecular interaction behaviors of the two kinds of PEDOT polymers, are discussed in terms of polymerization mechanisms.
Tbx4 interacts with the short stature homeobox gene Shox2 in limb development
Authors: Glaser Anne , Arora Ripla , Hoffmann Sandra , Li Li , Gretz Norbert , Papaioannou Virginia E. , Rappold Gudrun A. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBackground: The short stature homeodomain transcription factors SHOX and SHOX2 play key roles in limb formation. To gain more insight into genes regulated by Shox2 during limb development, we analyzed expression profiles of WT and Shox2−/− mouse embryonic limbs and identified the T‐Box transcription factor Tbx4 as a potential downstream target. Tbx4 is known to exert essential functions in skeletal and muscular hindlimb development. In humans, haploinsufficiency of TBX4 causes small patella syndrome, a skeletal dysplasia characterized by anomalies of the knee, pelvis, and foot. Results: Here, we demonstrate an inhibitory regulatory effect of Shox2 on Tbx4 specifically in the forelimbs. We also show that Tbx4 activates Shox2 expression in fore‐ and hindlimbs, suggesting Shox2 as a feedback modulator of Tbx4. Using EMSA studies, we find that Tbx4/TBX4 is able to bind to distinct T‐box binding sites within the mouse and human Shox2/SHOX2 promoter. Conclusions: Our data identifies Tbx4 as a novel transcriptional activator of Shox2 during murine fore‐ and hindlimb development. Tbx4 is also regulated by Shox2 specifically in the forelimb bud possibly via a feedback mechanism. These data extend our understanding of the role and regulation of Tbx4 and Shox2 in limb development and limb associated diseases. Developmental Dynamics 243:629–639, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 7‐Deoxy Analogues of the Human Rhinovirus 3C Protease Inhibitor Thysanone
Authors: Schünemann Katrin , Furkert Daniel P. , Connelly Stephen , Fraser John D. , Sperry Jonathan , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of (±)‐7‐deoxythysanone and three analogues has been developed. The key oxa‐Pictet–Spengler reaction enabled the synthesis of the naphthopyran precursor, which could be readily converted to 7‐deoxythysanone and three related analogues. The biological activity of these compounds was also evaluated against HRV 3C protease, the results of which suggest that inhibition of the enzyme requires the presence of the 7‐oxa functionality.
Differential Labour Market Impacts from Disability Onset
Authors: Polidano Cain , Vu Ha 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe estimate the causal labour market impacts of disability onset by gender, age and education levels up to 4 years after onset using longitudinal data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics Australia survey and difference‐in‐difference propensity score matching techniques. We find lasting negative impacts on employment, especially full‐time employment, which is due more to reduced movement into full‐time employment than downshifting from full‐time to part‐time work following onset. Those without post‐school education qualifications are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of onset and are more likely to be out of work and on income support than those with qualifications up to 4 years after onset, due in part because they have greater difficulty adjusting. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton therapy for head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma: Initial clinical outcomes
Authors: Linton Okechukwu R. , Moore Michael G. , Brigance Joseph S. , Summerlin Don‐John , McDonald Mark W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to report outcomes of proton therapy in head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 26 patients treated between 2004 and 2012. Twenty patients (77%) had base of skull involvement; 19 (73%) were treated for initial disease and 7 (27%) for recurrent disease. Twenty patients were treated postoperatively, 6 after biopsy alone and 24 had positive margins or gross residual disease. Median dose delivered was 72 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]).ResultsMedian follow‐up was 25 months (range, 7–50 months). The 2‐year overall survival was 93% for initial disease course and 57% for recurrent disease (p = .19). The 2‐year local control was 95% for initial disease and 86% for recurrent disease (p = .48). The 2‐year distant metastatic rate was 25%. Late toxicity of grade 0 or 1 was seen in 17 patients, grade 2 in 5, grade 3 in 2, grade 4 in 1, and grade 5 in 1.ConclusionInitial outcomes of proton therapy are encouraging. Longer follow‐up is required. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 117–124, 2015
Structure of the female gonoduct of the viviparous teleost Poecilia reticulata (Poeciliidae) during nongestation and gestation stages
Authors: Campuzano‐Caballero Juan Carlos , Uribe Mari Carmen 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTFemale teleosts do not have oviducts because Müllerian ducts do not develop. Instead, the caudal region of the ovary, the gonoduct, connects to the exterior. Because of the lack of oviducts in viviparous teleosts, the embryos develop in the ovary, as an intraovarian gestation, unique in vertebrates. This is the first study to address the histology of the gonoduct in a viviparous teleost. The gonoduct of Poecilia reticulata was analyzed during previtellogenesis, vitellogenesis, and gestation. The gonoduct lacks germinal cells. From deep to superficial, the wall has simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium, loose connective tissue, longitudinal layer of smooth muscle, and visceral peritoneum. Cells of the immune system occur in the lumen and in the mucosa. The gonoduct was divided in three regions: 1) cephalic, 2) middle, and 3) caudal. At the initial part of each region, thin mucosal folds extend into the lumen. The cephalic region forms a tubular structure with light and irregular folds. The middle region has a wider lumen and is more irregular due to ventral invaginations and irregular and short mucosal folds; beneath the epithelium there are melano‐macrophage centers. The caudal region is delimited from the middle region by folds; however, they are thinner than these of the other regions. Ventral invaginations form exocrine glands, and the smooth muscle is thicker than in the other regions. During gestation, cells of the immune system are abundant; melano‐macrophage centers become larger and the glands exhibit desquamated cells. These observations suggest roles of the gonoduct in reducing the diameter of the lumen; receiving sperm during vitellogenesis; producing secretions, more abundant during vitellogenesis; and in immunological activity throughout the reproductive cycle. The ciliated epithelium and the thick muscle of the caudal region may be involved during birth. J. Morphol. 275:247–257, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vascular and extravascular findings on magnetic resonance angiography of the thoracic aorta and the origin of the great vessels
Authors: Sohns Jan M. , Staab Wieland , Menke Jan , Bergau Leonard , Dabir Darius , Schwarz Alexander , Spiro Judith E. , Dorenkamp Marc , Harrison James L. , Steinmetz Michael , Lotz Joachim , Sohns Christian 
Published: December 2013

PurposeTo investigate the presence of relevant vascular and incidental extravascular findings in patients undergoing magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the thoracic aorta and origin of the great vessels.Materials and MethodsIn all, 165 consecutive patients (mean age 61 ± 12 years) underwent 1.5 T MRA of the thorax. Two researchers identified vascular and incidental extravascular findings. Clinically relevant vascular findings were defined. Extravascular findings were categorized as minor (Group A, without change in patient treatment), intermediate (Group B, unclear clinical relevance, requiring additional investigations), and major (Group C, causing a change in patient treatment).ResultsA total of 306 relevant vascular findings were found in our cohort. A total of 397 extravascular findings were observed among the patients and were classified as Group A findings in 81.9% (325/397 findings, observed in 146 of 165 patients), as Group B findings in 15.4% (61/397 findings, observed in 52 of 165 patients), and as Group C in 2.8% of findings (11/397). The clinically relevant Group C findings were observed in 6.7% of patients (11/165), comprising eight previously unknown neoplasms (4.8% of 165), two patients with hemodynamically relevant pericardial effusion (1.2% of 165), and one patient with spondylodiscitis (0.6% of 165) detected by MRA.ConclusionRelevant vascular and extravascular findings were found in patients referred for thoracic MRA. Most extravascular findings can be categorized by MRA as minor, while others required further diagnostics since they may be malignant or otherwise clinically relevant. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:988–995. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vegetation, fire and climate history of the Lesser Caucasus: a new Holocene record from Zarishat fen (Armenia)
Authors: JOANNIN SÉBASTIEN , ALI ADAM A. , OLLIVIER VINCENT , ROIRON PAUL , PEYRON ODILE , CHEVAUX SAMY , NAHAPETYAN SAMUEL , TOZALAKYAN PETROS , KARAKHANYAN ARKADI , CHATAIGNER CHRISTINE 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTVegetation, fire and climate history are investigated in the 10 000‐year record of Zarishat fen located today in the steppe grasslands of Armenia (Near East). Pollen‐based climate quantification provides a reconstruction of seasonal parameters. The development of in‐situ water‐dependant plants and of forests at lower altitude at 8200 cal a BP echoes the shift from an arid and cold [annual precipitation (Pann) = 452 mm; mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCO) = −11.1 °C)] Early Holocene to a more humid and warmer (Pann = 721 mm; MTCO = −6.8 °C) Mid–Late Holocene. This marks the onset of lower seasonality, in particular more effective precipitation brought during late spring by the Westerlies. Paralleling the Mediterranean precipitation pattern, precipitation in the Near East and Central Asia decreased during the Mid–Late Holocene in favour of higher seasonality controlled in winter/spring by the Siberian High. Fire history and sedge‐based fen development record drier phases at approximately 6400, 5300–4900, 3000, 2200–1500 and 400 cal a BP, which resemble the precipitation pattern of the South‐Western Mediterranean and contrast with the Holocene pattern in the South‐Central and South‐Eastern Mediterranean regions. Arid phases in Armenia are believed to be related to multi‐centennial‐scale variation of Westerly activity (North Atlantic Oscillation‐like).
A high‐resolution monsoon record of millennial‐scale oscillations during Late MIS 3 from Wulu Cave, south‐west China
Authors: DUAN FUCAI , LIU DIANBING , CHENG HAI , WANG XIANFENG , WANG YONGJIN , KONG XINGGONG , CHEN SHITAO 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTA speleothem record from south‐western China characterizes in detail the millennial‐scale changes in Asian Monsoon (AM) intensity from 39.3 to 28.7 ka. The calcite δ18O profile, with an average resolution of ∼8 years, shows several strong monsoon events concurrent with Greenland Interstadials (GIS) 8–4. To gain a systematic perspective of AM millennial‐scale variability, the new and previously reported data from the same cave are combined, showing that AM variation exhibits a broad similarity with Greenland ice δ18O records and with Antarctica but in an opposite sense. For the interval that encompasses GIS 5 and GIS 4.1, however, our stalagmite δ18O record depicts a sustained strong monsoon with no distinctive oscillation between these interstadials. Another prominent characteristic in our record is a gradual transition into Chinese Interstadial (CIS) 8, which is well constrained by an annually laminated sequence. We find that an initial rise in monsoon intensity, lasting a few centuries, significantly precedes the abrupt onset of CIS 8 in the AM realm. This suggests that atmospheric moisture and heat transport are probably capable of inducing abrupt climate change when a rapid reorganization of ocean/atmosphere circulations passes a tipping point.
Reconstruction of large mandibulofacial defects with the composed double skin paddle fibula free flap: A review of 32 procedures
Authors: Leclère Franck M. , Bosc Romain , Temam Stéphane , Leymarie Nicolas , Mirghani Haitham , Sarfati Benjamin , Kolb Frédéric 
Published: December 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study was to analyze our experience with the composed double skin paddle fibula free flap to reconstruct large mandibulofacial defects.Study DesignBetween 2006 and 2011, a total of 32 composed double skin paddle fibula free flap procedures were performed on 32 patients (mean age 54.4 ± 9.7 years, mean follow‐up period of 3.4 ± 1.7 years).MethodsA chart review was drawn up to determine the type of defects covered by each skin paddle, the vascular anatomy, the origin of the perforators, and any associated complications.ResultsThe distal septocutaneous skin paddle (Nakajima type B) was used for the reconstruction of the floor of the mouth in most cases. The proximal paddle (Nakajima type D) was used for base of the tongue, mobile tongue, soft palate, internal cheek, inferior lip, and the skin of the chin and neck. The lateral soleus pedicle arose from the fibular pedicle in 28 cases and directly from the tibial‐fibular trunk in four cases. There were two partial soleus skin paddle losses. Seven complications required revision surgery: due to a cervical abscess in two cases, due to a hematoma in two cases, due to a disunion of the second skin paddle leading to an orostoma in two cases, and due to an exposition of the osteosynthesis material in one case.ConclusionIn large mandibulofacial defects, a second skin paddle raised on the soleus perforators may be of benefit when reconstructing the soft palate, neck, cheek, or tongue as the length of its pedicle renders a second free flap unnecessary.Level of EvidenceIV. Laryngoscope, 124:1336–1343, 2014
Results of the investigations of melting and solidification processes during fusion welding and fusion soldering by modelling
Authors: Wittke K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIm Beitrag wird eine Methode zur materiellen Modellierung unter Anwendung optisch durchsichtiger Materialien der thermischen und chemischen Erstarrungsprozesse beim Schmelzschweißen und Schmelzlöten beschrieben. Alle Erstarrungsprozesse erfolgen unabhängig von der Form der Primärkristallite zuerst über das planare, dann zellulare und letztlich dendritische Wachstum des Erstarrungsgefüges. Es wird insbesondere bestimmt durch die chemische Zusammensetzung des Schweiß‐ und Lötgutes, die Schweiß‐, Löt‐, Kristallisations‐ bzw. Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeiten und durch die Temperaturgradienten an der Erstarrungsfront. Die Leerstellendichte in Erstarrungsgefüge kann beim Schmelzschweißen durch die temporäre Bildung von sogenannten Reißverschluss‐Primärkorngrenzen erfolgen. Eine bevorzugte Wachstumsrichtung der Primärkristallite erklärt sich unter anderem durch das schnellere Wachstum der sogenannten Opferkristallite, was die bekannten Theorien zum bevorzugten Wachstum ergänzt.
Influence of deep cryogenic treatment of high speed steel substrate on TiAlN coating properties
Authors: Šolić S. , Cajner F. , Panjan P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDeep cryogenic treatment in combination with classic heat treatment shows a significant improvement in wear resistance of high speed steel tools. The aim of this research was to investigate how the microstructure of the substrate tool steel material, which was altered by deep cryogenic treatment and plasma nitriding, influences the properties of TiAlN coating. The microstructure, topography and composition of the TiAlN coating were investigated using field‐emission scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, XRD, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The coating adhesion was measured using the scratch test. The sliding wear resistance and the force required to break the coating were determined with the ball‐on‐flat method. Resistance to microabrasion was measured by free ball abrasion test. The results show that deep cryogenic treatment combined with plasma nitriding influence the adhesion of the TiAlN coating to the high speed steel substrate. Wear resistance tests show better wear resistance of deep cryogenic treated samples in comparison with conventionally heat treated ones.
Female reproductive factors, menopausal hormone use, and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Liu Rui , Baird Donna , Park Yikyung , Freedman Neal D. , Huang Xuemei , Hollenbeck Albert , Blair Aaron , Chen Honglei 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to examine the associations of reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use with risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) among postmenopausal women. The study comprised 119,166 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 71 years in the NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study, who completed a baseline questionnaire in 1995–1996 and a follow‐up survey in 2004–2006. A total of 410 self‐reported PD diagnoses were identified between 1995 and 2006. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from logistic regression models. PD risk was not significantly associated with female reproductive factors including age at menarche, age at first live birth, parity, and age at menopause. For example, compared with women with natural menopause at age 50 to 54 years, the ORs were 1.18, (95% CI, 0.78‐1.79) for women with natural menopause aged <45, 1.19 (95% CI, 0.88‐1.61) for those aged 45 to 49, and 1.33 (95% CI, 0.91‐1.93) for those aged 55 or older. We found that oral contraceptive use for ≥10 years (vs. never used) was associated with lower PD risk (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38‐0.92), but shorter use showed no association. Use of menopausal hormone therapy showed inconsistent results. Compared with non–hormone users at baseline, current hormone users for <5 years showed a higher risk of PD (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.11‐2.08). However, no associations were observed for past hormone users or current users of ≥5 years. Overall, this large prospective study provides little support for an association between female reproductive factors and PD risk. Our findings on long‐term oral contraceptive use and current hormone therapy warrant further investigations. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Effects of isoflurane anesthesia on F‐waves in the sciatic nerve of the adult rat
Authors: Nowicki Marcin , Baum Petra , Kosacka Joanna , Stockinger Maximilian , Klöting Nora , Blüher Matthias , Bechmann Ingo , Toyka Klaus V. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionNerve conduction studies provide insights into the functional consequences of axonal and myelin pathology in peripheral neuropathies. We investigated whether isoflurane inhalation anesthesia alters F‐wave latencies and F‐persistence in the sciatic nerve of adult rats.MethodsTen rats were investigated at 3 different isoflurane concentrations followed by ketamine‐xylazine injection anesthesia. To assess F‐wave latencies, a stimulation paradigm was chosen to minimize H‐reflex masking of F‐waves.ResultsF‐wave persistence rates were reduced with 3.5% isoflurane concentration at 4 and 10 Hz supramaximal stimulation and marginally reduced with 2.5% isoflurane when compared with ketamine‐xylazine. F‐wave amplitudes decreased progressively with rising stimulus frequency in all types of anesthesia and most at 3.5% isoflurane concentration.ConclusionsThe type of anesthesia and the stimulus repetition rate have an impact on some F‐wave parameters. Higher isoflurane concentrations and repetition rates are not recommended in experimental studies using rat neuropathy models where F‐waves are of interest. Muscle Nerve 50:257–261, 2014
Comparison of Prescription Drug Costs in the United States and the United Kingdom, Part 4: Antibiotics in Young Children
Authors: Jick Hershel , Wilson Andrew , Chamberlin Douglas 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesTo compare the usage and cost of antibiotics in the United States and United Kingdom in children younger than 10 years.MethodsA follow up of some 160,000 young children enrolled in U.S. private health insurance companies and an equal number in general practices in the United Kingdom in 2009, based on two prospectively designed and documented electronic medical databases.Main ResultsPercentage of young children in each country prescribed an antibiotic together with the estimated total annual cost.Principal ConclusionsIn the United States, ~75% of privately insured children were prescribed one or more antibiotics compared with an estimated 50% in the United Kingdom. The annual cost was more than five times higher in the United States compared with the United Kingdom The usage and cost of antibiotics in young privately insured children is far higher in the United States than in the United Kingdom, where the government pays the cost of prescription drugs.
The HBM domain: Introducing bimodularity to bacterial sensing
Authors: Ortega Álvaro , Krell Tino 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe have recently reported the three dimensional structure of the McpS chemoreceptor sensor domain in complex with its cognate ligands. The domain was characterized by a bimodular architecture, where ligand binding to each module caused a chemotactic response. This is a novel small molecule binding domain, which, however, is un‐annotated in relevant databases. We report here the domain signature of the family of McpS‐like sensor domains, which was termed helical bimodular (HBM) domain. The HBM domain was identified in Bacteria and Archaea and forms part of chemoreceptors and histidine kinases. The conservation of amino acids in the ligand binding sites of both modules suggests that HBM family members recognize similar ligands.
The impact of leadership styles on organizational culture and firm effectiveness: An empirical study
Authors: Klein Andrew S , Wallis Joseph , Cooke Robert A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis research project seeks to contribute to the literature on management by presenting and testing a model of leadership linking leadership styles directly to culture type and indirectly to firm effectiveness. The authors selected a four-factor theory of leadership and examined how it directly impacted organizational culture, and indirectly impacted organizational effectiveness (via an organization's culture). Using surveys designed to measure attitudinal and behavioral indicators of organizational culture, leadership, and effectiveness, we collected data from 2,662 individuals in 311 organizations. The results generally support the hypotheses that organizational effectiveness is related to type of culture and that cultural norms are related to type of leadership styles. The results have implications for management and organizational development practices and processes. The results indicate that the leadership skills of managers and supervisors are critical factors in the creation and reinforcement of cultural norms. Furthermore, cultural norms seem to positively impact organizational effectiveness.