bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Magnetodielectric Solid Solution Ceramic 0.4LiFe5O8–0.6Li2MgTi3O8 with Excellent Microwave Dielectric Properties
Authors: He Li , Zhou Di , Xiang Feng , Chang Panpan , Li Yong , Wang Hong 
Published: September 2013

In this study, a novel spinel solid solution ceramic of 0.4LiFe5O8–0.6Li2MgTi3O8 (0.4LFO–0.6LMT) has been developed and investigated. It is found that the 40 mol% LiFe5O8 and 60 mol% Li2MgTi3O8 are fully soluble in each other and a disordered spinel phase is formed. The ceramic sample sintered at 1050°C/2 h exhibits both good magnetic and dielectric properties in the frequency range 1–10 MHz, with a permeability between 29.9~14.1 and magnetic loss tangent between 0.12~0.67, permittivity between 16.92~16.94 and dielectric loss tangent between 5.9 × 10−3–2.3 × 10−2. The sample also has good microwave dielectric properties with a relative permittivity of 16.1, a high quality factor (Q × f) ~28 500 GHz (at 7.8 GHz). Furthermore, 3 wt% H3BO3–CuO (BCu) addition can effectively lower the sintering temperature to 925°C and does not degrade the magnetodielectric properties. The chemical compatibility with silver electrode indicates that this kind of ceramics is a good candidate for the low‐temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) application.
Fabrication of Transparent Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 Based Ceramics by Conventional Sintering
Authors: Fujii Ichiro , Yoshida Ryoichi , Imai Takahito , Yamazoe Seiji , Wada Takahiro 
Published: September 2013

Transparent 0.9Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.1PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) based ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid‐state synthesis without using a hot‐press method. The ceramics became transparent when they were sintered in an O2 atmosphere. The optical transmission increased with decreasing diameter of the calcined powder, which was controlled by the size of zirconia ball‐milling media. Substitution of 3 mol% La for Pb in PMN‐PT further increased the optical transmission to 68% at the wavelength of 2000 nm, which was comparable to that of hot‐pressed Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 based transparent ceramics.
Monitored and Modeled Correlations of Sediment and Nutrients with Chesapeake Bay Water Clarity
Authors: Wang Ping , Linker Lewis C. , Batiuk Richard A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article analyzes the correlations of the observed and modeled light attenuation coefficient, Kd, with in situ total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll‐a concentrations in Chesapeake Bay (CB) tidal waters, and with sediment and nutrient loads from the Chesapeake watershed. Light attenuation is closely related to in situ TSS and chlorophyll‐a concentrations, however, the strength of the correlation differs among the CB segments. There are distinct differences between saline and tidal fresh segments in the main Bay, but less distinction among saline and tidal fresh segments in the tidal tributaries. The correlation between Kd with sediment and nutrient loads is complicated by the lag times of TSS and the chlorophyll‐a responses to reductions in nutrient and sediment loads from the watershed, and also due to the diverse load sources. Three sets of model sensitivity scenarios were performed with: (1) differential sediment and nutrient loads; (2) selective sediment source types; and (3) geographically isolated inputs. The model results yield similar findings as those based on observed data and provide information regarding the effect of sediment on specific water bodies. Based on the model results a method was developed to determine sediment and nutrient load reductions needed to achieve the water clarity standards of the CB segments.
The Shallow‐Water Component of the Chesapeake Bay Environmental Model Package
Authors: Cerco Carl F. , Noel Mark R. , Wang Ping 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe shallow‐water component of the Chesapeake Bay Environmental Model Package emphasizes the regions of the system inside the 2‐m depth contour. The model of these regions is unified with the system‐wide model but places emphasis on locally significant components and processes, notably submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), sediment resuspension, and their interaction with light attenuation (Ke). The SAV model is found to be most suited for computing the equilibrium distribution of perennial species. Addition of plant structure and propagation are recommended to improve representation of observed trends in SAV area. Two approaches are taken to examining shallow‐water Ke. The first compares observed and computed differences between deep‐ and shallow‐water Ke. No consistent difference in observations is noted. In the preponderance of regions examined, computed shallow‐water Ke exceeds computed deep‐water Ke. The second approach directly compares Ke measured in shallow water with modeled results. Model values are primarily lower than observed, in contrast to results in deep water where model values exceed observed. The shortfall in computed Ke mirrors a similar shortfall in computed suspended solids. Improved model representation of Ke requires process‐based investigations into suspended solids dynamics as well as increased model resolution in shallow‐water regions.
Twenty‐One‐Year Simulation of Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Using the CE‐QUAL‐ICM Eutrophication Model
Authors: Cerco Carl F. , Noel Mark R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe CE‐QUAL‐ICM (Corps of Engineers Integrated Compartment Water Quality Model) eutrophication model was applied in a 21‐year simulation of Chesapeake Bay water quality, 1985‐2005. The eutrophication model is part of a larger model package and is forced, in part, by models of atmospheric deposition, watershed flows and loads, and hydrodynamics. Results from the model are compared with observations in multiple formats including time series plots, cumulative distribution plots, and statistical summaries. The model indicates only one long‐term trend in computed water quality: light attenuation deteriorates circa 1993 through the end of the simulation. The most significant result is the influence of physical processes, notably stratification and associated effects (e.g., anoxic volume), on computed water quality. Within the application period, physical effects are more important determinants of year‐to‐year variability in computed water quality than external loads.
Effects of adalimumab therapy in adult subjects with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis on Th17 pathway
Authors: Balato A. , Schiattarella M. , Di Caprio R. , Lembo S. , Mattii M. , Balato N. , Ayala F. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundUntil relatively recently, psoriasis has been considered to be a mainly T helper (Th)1‐driven inflammatory disease; however, several findings have now assessed a major role for Th17 cells in its pathogenesis. Adalimumab is a biological agent that inhibits TNF‐α, a pro‐inflammatory cytokine with a pivotal role in the mechanisms of the disease.ObjectiveTo elucidate the in vivo effects of adalimumab therapy on Th17 pathway.MethodsQuantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to analyse levels of expression of Th17 polarizing cytokines (IL‐23A, TGF‐β, IL‐1β, IL‐6), Th17 cytokines (IL‐17, IL‐22) as well as TNF‐α, Th1 polarizing cytokine (IFN‐α) and Th17 downstream effector mediators, such as chemokines (IL‐8, CCL‐20) in skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after 16 weeks of adalimumab therapy. Similarly, gene expression of Th17 induced mediators by keratinocytes (antimicrobial peptides: HBD‐2, S100A7) was investigated at skin level. In addition, cutaneous and plasma IL‐17 was examined by immunohistochemistry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay respectively. Efficacy of the treatment was assessed by several clinical index scores as well as epidermal thickness reduction.ResultsAdalimumab therapy led to improvement in skin disease scores in all patients. Moreover, adalimumab treatment down‐modulated Th17 pathway at skin level. Plasma IL‐17 levels and IL‐17‐positive cells in psoriatic lesional skin were decreased by adalimumab treatment.ConclusionsOur data highlight that the immunomodulatory activity of adalimumab is associated with considerable clinical improvements as well as a potent shut down of Th17 response in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.
Audiological abnormalities in patients with alopecia areata
Authors: Ucak H. , Soylu E. , Ozturk S. , Demir B. , Cicek D. , Erden I. , Akyigit A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundAudiological abnormalities seen in various autoimmune disorders raises the question of whether such abnormalities also exist in alopecia areata.ObjectiveThis study was performed to detect possible audiological abnormalities in Alopecia areata (AA) patients.MethodsThe study population consisted of 51 patients with AA and 51 healthy controls. Autoscopic and audiometric examinations of both ears were performed in patients and controls. Audiometric examinations were performed using a pure tone audiometer in a silent cabin. Pure tone thresholds were determined for each ear at frequencies of 250–16000 Hz for air conduction.ResultsSensorineural hypoacusis was found in 28 patients with AA (54.9%). Six of these 28 patients showed unilateral minimal hearing loss (>30 dB) at high frequencies only (4000–16 000 Hz), while 22 showed bilateral minimal hearing loss (>30 dB) at high frequencies only (4000–16 000 Hz). Hypoacusis was observed in 13 control subjects (25.4%). Sensorineural hypoacusis was significantly more frequent in AA patients than controls (P = 0.002).ConclusionFollicular melanocytes may be an important target in the autoimmune process of AA and AA may have an effect on hearing function by affecting the melanocytes in the inner ear. Therefore, there may be a relationship between sensorineural hearing loss and the autoimmune disease, AA.
Clonal seborrheic keratosis: dermoscopic and confocal microscopy characterization
Authors: Longo C. , Zalaudek I. , Moscarella E. , Lallas A. , Piana S. , Pellacani G. , Argenziano G. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of clonal seborrheic keratosis may be challenging clinically and histologically.ObjectiveIn our study, we describe the common aspects of this benign entity that show peculiar dermoscopic and confocal findings.MethodsA total of nine clonal seborrheic keratosis were analyzed.ResultsUpon dermoscopy, it reveals the presence of globular‐like structures and sharply demarcated borders whereas confocal microscopy displays the typical intraepidermal nesting of pigmented keratinocytes that permits to have a reliable in vivo diagnosis.ConclusionsDermoscopy and confocal microscopy permit to in vivo diagnose this variant of seborrheic keratosis.
To what extent does g impact on conceptual, practical and social adaptive functioning in clinically referred children?
Authors: Murray A. , McKenzie K. , Murray G. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrevious analyses have found variable results when evaluating the size of the association between intellectual ability and adaptive functioning in individuals with impaired function.MethodsWe assessed the association between intellectual ability measured as a latent higher‐order g and three different areas of adaptive functioning in a sample of clinically referred individuals with low IQ.ResultsRegressing g on conceptual, practical and social adaptive functioning yielded standardised regression coefficients of 0.65, 0.60 and 0.51 respectively.ConclusionsResults suggests that even at low levels of ability, increments in g still have important consequences for human functioning. Further, the influence of g may not be equally strong across different areas of human functioning.
Computed tomographic measurements with and without myelography to characterise thoracolumbar extruded disc herniation
Authors: Buttin P. , Millet M. , Cousin S. , Carozzo C. , Cachon T. , Fau D. , Chuzel T. , Viguier E. 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVETo determine association between computed tomography measurements of spinal cord compression and postoperative outcome.METHODSA retrospective review of medical records of dogs presenting with intervertebral disease. Data were collected with a minimum of 2 years follow‐up period. Computed tomography morphometric indices, particularly the ratio of spinal cord or herniated disc to vertebral canal dimensions, were obtained from survey and myelogram computed tomographic images. The pattern of disc disease was scored as single or continuous (multiple herniated discs), and was compared to postoperative outcome.RESULTSFifty‐two dogs were included. There was no significant correlation between the degree of spinal cord compression and postoperative outcome. However, postoperative outcome differed significantly between dogs with single or continuous patterns of disc disease (P=0·001). Of those with single patterns, 75% had a postoperative outcome score greater than 75% while 75% of continuous pattern cases had scores lower than 83%.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCESimple observation of the pattern of disc disease as revealed by computed tomography could be used as a prognostic indicator. The outcome tends to be better for single patterns of disc disease, whereas the outcome was poor for most cases with continuous patterns.
Novel partial 5HT3 agonist pumosetrag reduces acid reflux events in uninvestigated GERD patients after a standard refluxogenic meal: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pharmacodynamic study
Authors: Choung R. S. , Locke G. R. , Francis D. D. , Katzka D. , Winkle P. J. , Orr W. C. , Crowell M. D. , DeVault K. , Harmsen W. S. , Zinsmeister A. R. , Talley N. J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundLow basal lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and transient LES relaxations are major causes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Pumosetrag, a novel selective partial 5HT3 receptor agonist, showed a promising effect on reducing reflux events in health. We aimed to evaluate the effect of pumosetrag on changes in reflux episodes, lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), and specific symptoms in patients with GERD receiving a refluxogenic meal.MethodsPatients with GERD, who developed heartburn and/or regurgitation after ingestion of a refluxogenic meal, were randomized to 1 of 3 dose levels of pumosetrag (0.2, 0.5, or 0.8 mg) or placebo. Before and after 7 days of treatment, patients underwent manometry, intraesophageal multichannel, intraluminal impedance and pH after a standard refluxogenic meal.Key ResultsA total of 223 patients with GERD [125 (56%) women, mean (SD) age = 36 (12) years] were enrolled. No overall treatment effects were detected for the total number of reflux episodes (acidic and weakly acidic) (p > 0.5); however, significant treatment effects (p < 0.05) on the number of acid reflux episodes were observed with lower values on pumosetrag 0.2 mg (10.8 ± 1.1), 0.5 mg (9.5 ± 1.1), and 0.8 mg (9.9 ± 1.1) compared with placebo (13.3 ± 1.1). Significant treatment effects (p < 0.05) were also observed for the percentage of time pH was <4, with less time for pumosetrag at 0.5 mg (10%) and 0.8 mg (10%) compared with placebo (16%).Conclusions & InferencesIn GERD, the partial 5HT3 agonist pumosetrag significantly reduced the rate of acid reflux events but did not result in a significant change in LESP or symptomatic improvement over a 1‐week treatment period.
Drivers of radial growth and carbon isotope discrimination of bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) across continental gradients in precipitation, vapour pressure deficit and irradiance
Authors: VOELKER STEVEN L. , MEINZER FREDERICK C. , LACHENBRUCH BARBARA , BROOKS J. RENÉE , GUYETTE RICHARD P. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTree‐ring characteristics are commonly used to reconstruct climate variables, but divergence from the assumption of a single biophysical control may reduce the accuracy of these reconstructions. Here, we present data from bur oaks (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) sampled within and beyond the current species bioclimatic envelope to identify the primary environmental controls on ring‐width indices (RWIs) and carbon stable isotope discrimination (Δ13C) in tree‐ring cellulose. Variation in Δ13C and RWI was more strongly related to leaf‐to‐air vapour pressure deficit (VPD) at the centre and western edge of the range compared with the northern and wettest regions. Among regions, Δ13C of tree‐ring cellulose was closely predicted by VPD and light responses of canopy‐level Δ13C estimated using a model driven by eddy flux and meteorological measurements (R2 = 0.96, P = 0.003). RWI and Δ13C were positively correlated in the drier regions, while they were negatively correlated in the wettest region. The strength and direction of the correlations scaled with regional VPD or the ratio of precipitation to evapotranspiration. Therefore, the correlation strength between RWI and Δ13C may be used to infer past wetness or aridity from paleo wood by determining the degree to which carbon gain and growth have been more limited by moisture or light.
Making Basic Health Care Accessible to Rural Communities: A Case Study of Kiang West District in Rural Gambia
Authors: Sanneh Edward Saja , Hu Allen H. , Njai Modou , Ceesay Omar Malleh , Manjang Buba 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study focuses on lack of access to basic health care, which is one of the hindrances to the development of the poor, and subjects them to the poverty penalty. It also focuses on contributing to the Bottom of the Pyramid in a general sense, in addition to meeting the health needs of communities where people live on less than $1 a day. Strengthened multistakeholder responses and better‐targeted, low‐cost prevention, and care strategies within health systems are suggested to address the health burdens of poverty‐stricken communities. In this study, a multistakeholder model which includes the government, World Health Organization, United Nations Children Emergency Fund, and the Medical Research Council was created to highlight the collaborative approach in rural Gambia. The result shows infant immunization and antenatal care coverage were greatly improved which contributes to the reduction in mortality. This case study also finds that strategies addressing health problems in rural communities are required to achieve ‘Millennium Development Goals’. In particular, actual community visits to satellite villages within a district (area of study) are extremely vital to making health care accessible.
UVB‐protective properties of contact lenses with intended use in photoresponsive eyelid dermatoses
Authors: DePry Jennifer , Golding Robert , Szczotka‐Flynn Loretta , Dao Harry , Baron Elma , Cooper Kevin 
Published: September 2013

SummaryBackgroundUV‐blocking contact lenses were evaluated to determine if they could provide adequate ocular protection during narrowband UVB phototherapy treatment. Theoretical safe exposure durations for the crystalline lens, cornea and conjunctiva were determined.MethodsA Cary 500 spectrophometer generated transmittance data for six UV‐blocking and two non‐UV‐blocking contact lenses. An IL‐1700 radiometer measured the lenses' radiation transmittance within the NB‐UVB phototherapy unit. The lenses were exposed to a 1500‐mJ/cm2 dose of radiation from a 308‐nm excimer laser to determine if the radiation would alter their protective properties. Theoretical safe exposure durations for eye structures were calculated using previous human and animal study data.ResultsAll UV‐blocking contact lenses showed less than 1E‐7 W/cm2 of radiation transmittance within the narrowband phototherapy unit. The excimer laser did not significantly alter the lenses' UV‐blocking capabilities. The safe exposure durations for the cornea and crystalline lens were greater than 11 min with UV‐blocking lenses, and that for the unprotected conjunctiva was approximately 11 s.ConclusionSome UV‐blocking contact lenses potentially provide sufficient ocular protection during narrowband UVB phototherapy treatment, as the crystalline lens and cornea are adequately protected should a patient open his or her eyes for a short time.
Spatiotemporal characterization of citrus postbloom fruit drop inBrazil and its relationship to pathogen dispersal
Authors: Silva‐Junior G. J. , Spósito M. B. , Marin D. R. , Ribeiro‐Junior P. J. , Amorim L. 
Published: September 2013

Citrus postbloom fruit drop (PFD) is caused byColletotrichum acutatumandC. gloeosporioides. These pathogens attack the flowers and cause premature fruit drop and the retention of fruit calyces. This study was designed to characterize the spatial and temporal dynamics ofPFDin commercial citrus‐growing areas to better understand the disease spread. Experiments were carried out in three young orchards (500 trees each) in two municipalities in Sao Paulo State,Brazil. Symptoms ofPFDon the flowers and presence of persistent calyces were assessed in each of three orchards for three years. Logistic, Gompertz and monomolecular models were fitted to the incidence data over time from the trees with symptoms. The spatial pattern of diseased trees was characterized by a dispersion index and by Taylor′s power law. An autologistic model was used for the spatiotemporal analysis. The logistic model provided the best fit to the disease incidence data, which had a fast progress rate of 0·53 per day. During the early epidemic ofPFD, the spatial pattern of diseased trees was random, which suggested that inoculum spread was due to mechanisms other than rain splash. As the disease incidence increased (up to 12·6%), the spatial pattern of diseased trees became aggregated. The rapid rate of disease progress and the distribution ofPFDsuggest that dispersal of the pathogen is possibly related to a mechanism other than splash dispersal, which is more typical of other fruit diseases caused byColletotrichumspp.
Buddhist Visual Worlds I: The Eyes and Ways of Seeing
Authors: Hatchell Chris 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBuddhist literature contains a number of interrelated discussions of seeing, beginning with the “four sights” that inspired Siddhartha's renunciation, and including a variety of epistemological traditions that investigate the act of seeing, along with meditative practices of looking and visualization, ritual uses of visual arts, and literary metaphorical references to light. As a basis for understanding Buddhist visual worlds, this article provides a basic typology of Buddhist “eyes,” and presents some major Buddhist discussions about (1) the function of the ordinary eyes, (2) ethical dimensions of the eyes, (3) the attainment of supernatural eyes, and (4) types of eyes that are involved in Buddhist soteriology.