bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical investigations on fretting fatigue in a bridge‐flat component using a stress life prediction model
Authors: Zhang Xiyuan , Wei Dasheng , Yang Shun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study investigated the fretting fatigue behavior of a bridge‐flat component, utilizing a flat specimen with two bridge‐type pads tested under cyclic loading. Numerical simulations were also carried out using the finite element method. Firstly, precise calculations of contact stress were performed with the material's elastoplastic model. Secondly, the stress distribution on the maximum stress cross‐section was extracted, and the stress gradient was computed. Finally, a stress fatigue life prediction model considering the stress gradient was proposed, and the predicted life was compared with the test life. The results of the study revealed that the specimens exhibited high stress gradients at the edges of the contact region during the bridge‐flat tests. In comparison with plain fatigue, fretting fatigue life was significantly reduced. The life prediction model proposed in this paper demonstrated good accuracy for predicting fretting fatigue.
Projecting exceedance of juvenile salmonid thermal maxima in streams under climate change: A crosswalk from lab experiments to riparian restoration
Authors: Iacarella Josephine C. , Chea Richard , Patterson David A. , Weller J. Daniel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Concern over rising water temperatures for freshwater ectotherms has led to application of experimentally derived thermal thresholds to stream temperature models for estimation of streams at high risk of exceeding thermal thresholds under current and future climate conditions. We optimised an approach that links field‐relevant thermal maxima experiments to corresponding stream temperature models and identifies opportunities to reduce stream temperatures through riparian tree growth.

We conducted a thermal maxima experiment on cold‐water adapted juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) that reflected natural temperatures by using incremental temperature ramping with diel fluctuations (IT‐Dmax) and refit a regionally specific stream temperature model for British Columbia, Canada to directly relate to lab‐derived thresholds. Salmon‐bearing streams across British Columbia were categorised by threshold exceedance risk (i.e., low, moderate, high, severe) based on risk tolerance scenarios for management decision making (i.e., considering a range of prediction intervals [PIs] and stream thermal sensitivities to air temperature). We linked these results directly to riparian management and restoration actions by estimating the potential for riparian tree growth to reduce threshold exceedance risk.

Lab‐derived IT‐Dmax endpoints were consistently 24°C (based on the median value between the 7‐day average of the daily maximum and the mean weekly average temperature) across acclimation treatments for both species. Under current conditions, most stream reaches (99.6% using an intermediate risk tolerance scenario) were below the thermal threshold; streams with moderate to high risk of threshold exceedance were projected to increase from 0.4% to 1.5% (total linear stream length of 6,929 km) by end of century. The risk‐averse (high sensitivity, 75% PI) and risk‐tolerant (low sensitivity, 95% PI) scenarios differed by 1,107 km of streams predicted to have a moderate to severe risk of exceeding thresholds by end of century. Maximal riparian tree growth was predicted to shift 670 km of streams from moderate to low exceedance risk under end‐of‐century conditions and intermediate risk tolerance, showing the potential for mitigation from thermal impacts.

Our integrative approach tackled several key considerations in identifying streams at high temperature risk for freshwater ectotherms that to date have not been addressed. Furthermore, we showcased the delineation of spatially comprehensive estimates that identify where management mitigation and a specific restoration activity may be most needed to reduce impacts of rising temperatures on rearing salmonids across an extensive region.
What builds inter‐municipal cooperation? Assumed and added effects of a metropolitan bicycle‐sharing project
Authors: Kwiatkowski Michał Adam , Grzelak‐Kostulska Elżbieta , Biegańska Jadwiga 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInter‐municipal cooperation (IMC) is increasingly becoming a tool municipalities use to achieve development goals and increase public service quality. However, in Central and Eastern Europe countries, including Poland, such a modus operandi is less common due to administrative and legal considerations. This article analyses one bicycle‐sharing project carried out jointly by 14 municipalities of the Gdańsk‐Gdynia‐Sopot metropolitan area in Poland. Based on a series of in‐depth interviews, the study aimed to consider what builds inter‐municipal cooperation at the local level. During the analysis, it proved that the various actors had different levels of commitment to cooperation based on substantive premises. Positive opinions about cooperation in the project resulted from partner and non‐hierarchical relations, fair and equal treatment without domination towards smaller municipalities. The study showed that in addition to the assumed effects of cooperation, the applied cooperation model allowed many added effects to be achieved, beneficial for all project partners.
Does lung ultrasound‐guided ultrafiltration lead to better outcomes in acute kidney injury requiring intermittent hemodialysis: A randomized control trial
Authors: Zachariah Vidhya K. , Sunitha Vellathussery Chakkalakkoombil , Ramachandran Natarajan , Vairappan Balasubramanian , Parameswaran Sreejith , Priyamvada Puthenpurackal Sivanpillai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionOptimization of ultrafiltration during hemodialysis is a critical parameter in achieving therapeutic efficacy and ensuring hemodynamic stability. While various modalities such as blood volume monitoring, inferior vena cava diameter assessment, natriuretic peptide levels, bioimpedance assay, and lung ultrasound have been widely explored in the context of maintenance hemodialysis, the concept of volume‐guided ultrafiltration in dialysis patients with acute kidney injury remains unexplored.MethodsAdult patients with acute kidney injury requiring dialysis, who were hemodynamically stable and not on ventilator support, without underlying lung pathology or cardiac failure, were randomized into two groups. All patients underwent 28‐zone lung ultrasound before dialysis. The ultrafiltration was decided based on the treating physician's clinical judgment in controls. In the intervention group, the ultrafiltration orders prescribed by the treating physician were modified, based on the Kerley B line scores obtained by lung ultrasound. The rest of the dialysis prescriptions were similar. A postdialysis lung ultrasound was done in both groups to assess the postdialysis volume status 30 min after the dialysis session.ResultsA total of 74 patients undergoing hemodialysis for acute kidney injury were randomized. The baseline characteristics were comparable except for higher baseline B line score scores in the intervention arm. All patients received similar dialysis prescriptions. The lung ultrasound‐guided ultrafiltration arm had a higher change in B line scores (BLS) from baseline (4 [0–9.5] vs. 0 [0–4]; p value 0.004) during the first dialysis session. The predialysis BLS indexed to ultrafiltration (mL/kbw/h) were significantly lower in controls, reflecting a relatively higher rate of ultrafiltration in controls compared with intervention (p = 0.006). The total number of dialysis sessions done in the control and intervention arm were 61 and 59, respectively. Among controls, 23/61 sessions (37.7%) had intradialytic adverse events, whereas, in the intervention arm, only 4/59 sessions (6.7) had any adverse intradialytic events (p < 0.01).ConclusionLung ultrasound‐guided ultrafiltration was associated with a better safety profile, as demonstrated by reduced intradialytic events.
Exploring the impacts of task complexity, anxiety, and self‐efficacy on L2 written production: Unraveling individual differences in TBLT
Authors: Abdi Tabari Mahmoud , Goetze Julia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractApplying the task‐based language teaching (TBLT) approach to L2 writing research has expanded to include learners’ affective factors and their potential impact on L2 production. However, two affective factors, L2 writing anxiety and self‐efficacy, have received scant research attention within the TBLT domain despite evidence to suggest that writing anxiety can diminish L2 written production and self‐efficacy can promote L2 written production. This exploratory study examined the interactions among L2 writing anxiety, L2 writing self‐efficacy, and L2 writing performance in a simple and complex task version. One hundred L2 learners at a university in the United States completed L2 writing anxiety and self‐efficacy questionnaires before performing two written argumentative tasks of varying cognitive complexity in a counterbalanced fashion, with a 1‐week interval. Correlational results show that L2 writing anxiety is negatively linked to lexical sophistication and fluency in the simple task, but positively linked to syntactic complexity and fluency in the complex task. L2 writing self‐efficacy was negatively linked to lexical diversity and fluency in the complex task. Overall, L2 writing anxiety and L2 writing self‐efficacy explained only very small amounts of variance in students’ written performance in both complex conditions, except for fluency in the simple task (R2 = 9.2%) and complexity in the complex task (R2 = 10.7%), which show medium‐sized effects. Our findings contradict existing studies and contribute to an enhanced understanding of the role affective individual differences play in L2 written performance.
Exemplification in student essay writing: A study of learner corpus of essay writing (LCEW)
Authors: Vijayakumar Chintalapalli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn academic writing, exemplification plays a crucial role in contextualizing complex ideational material through instances the readers can understand. In addition to illustrating ideas through concrete instances, the act of providing examples serves the purpose of helping the readers grasp the writer's intentions. However, strategically performing exemplification to elaborate the propositional material seems to be a challenge for many novice student writers. Although some studies have mentioned that students use significantly less frequently the exemplification resources in their writing, fewer studies have probed into EFL student writing to determine the problems they face in elaborating the ideas. Using the marker approach, which examines the discourse functions bottom‐up from markers to moves, the learner corpus of essay writing (LCEW) was analyzed for three major forms of exemplification: representation, argumentation, and analogy. The results indicate that the examples are strictly limited to certain patterns like specifying concepts through a subcategory and illustrating the arguments through everyday experiences. Moreover, many examples deviate from the usual patterns of exemplification causing confusion. These findings have pedagogic implications for academic writing courses in the EFL context.
Investigation of the relationship between attitudes toward migration and life satisfaction of nurses working in Turkey
Authors: Tuncer Metin , Tuncer Gülsüm Zekiye , Turan Şeyma , Khorshtd Leyla 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNurse migration contributes to the nursing shortage in developing countries. Understanding nurses' attitudes toward migration and related factors is crucial for policy‐making and healthcare workforce planning in Turkey.AimThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between nurses' attitudes toward migration and their life satisfaction in Turkey.MethodsThe study included working nurses with social media accounts on a social media platform in Turkey who followed nursing‐related content. A sample of 423 nurses completed an online survey. Independent variables included nurses' sociodemographic characteristics and inclination toward migration, while dependent variables were life satisfaction and migration attitude levels. Data were collected via an online questionnaire, incorporating the Brain Drain Attitude Scale (BDAS) and Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS), between April and May 2023.ResultsThe study found a negative correlation between nurses' life satisfaction levels and their attitudes toward migration (r = −.349, p < .001). Nurses dissatisfied with their profession (F = 6.575, p < .05), lacking professional support (F = 8.641, p < .05), and lacking social support (F = 6.307, p < .05) scored higher on the BDAS. Conversely, those satisfied with their profession (F = 31.455, p < .05), receiving professional support (F = 26.307, p < .05), and social support (F = 33.990, p < .05) scored higher on the LSS.Conclusion and implications for nursingThe study revealed that decreased life satisfaction among nurses in Turkey correlates with increased migration attitudes. These results underscore the need for strategies to enhance nurses' job satisfaction and support systems to mitigate migration tendencies. This study contributes valuable insights into the high inclination of Turkish nurses toward emigration.
Influence of programming education modalities on the computational thinking in young children: A comprehensive review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Yonggang , Wang Lu , Tang Yi , Su Junyue , Lei Yaxian , Peng Wanran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe pedagogy of computational thinking has gained extensive traction across numerous nations globally, with a particular emphasis on nurturing computational thinking in the formative years of early childhood. Nevertheless, the efficacy of diverse instructional approaches in the domain of programming education, with regards to fostering the advancement of computational thinking abilities in young children, remains a subject of ongoing debate.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of programming education in fostering computational thinking skills in young children. The central focus revolves around a meticulous exploration of the influence exerted by diverse modalities of programming education on the cultivation of computational thinking abilities in early learners.MethodsA total of 32 empirical studies were incorporated into the analysis. Out of these, 77 effect sizes were deemed to meet the predefined inclusion criteria for the present study. The statistical analysis was executed utilizing Stata version 17.0 software.Results and ConclusionsThe acquisition of programming skills can enhance the advancement of computational thinking in young children (Hedges's g = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [0.40, 0.58]), thereby yielding a moderate effect. When considering the triad of programming education modalities, it becomes evident that graphical programming surpasses both tangible programming and unplugged programming in terms of its efficacy in fostering the growth of computational thinking in young learners.ImplicationsThe foregoing contributes significantly to the systematic cultivation and augmentation of computational thinking skills in young children. It establishes a foundational framework for early childhood educators and instructional tool designers to effectively and purposefully impart programming knowledge to children.
Structural phenotyping in atrial fibrillation with combined cardiac CT and atrial MRI: Identifying and differentiating individual structural remodelling types in AF
Authors: Tonko Johanna , Lee Angela , Mannakkara N. , Williams Steven E. , Razavi Reza , Bishop Martin , O'Neill Mark , Niederer Steven , Whitaker John 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionAtrial remodelling (AR) is the persistent change in atrial structure and/or function and contributes to the initiation, maintenance and progression of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a reciprocal self‐perpetuating relationship. Left atrial (LA) size, geometry, fibrosis, wall thickness (LAWT) and ejection fraction (LAEF) have all been shown to vary with pathological atrial remodelling. The association of these global remodelling markers with each other for differentiating structural phenotypes in AF is not well investigated.MethodPatients referred for first‐time AF ablation and controls without AF were prospectively recruited to undergo cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 3D atrial late‐gadolinium enhanced (LGE) sequences. LAWT, atrial myocardial mass, LA volume and sphericity were calculated from CT. Biplane LA EF and LA fibrosis burden were derived from atrial MRI. Results were compared between patients with AF and controls.ResultsForty two AF patients (64.3% male, age 64.6 ± 10.2 years, CHA2DS2‐VASc 2.48 ± 1.5, 69.0% paroxysmal AF, 31% persistent AF, LVEF 57.9 ± 10.5%) and 37 controls (64.9% male, age 56.6 ± 7.2, CHA2DS2‐VASc 1.54 ± 1.1, LVEF 60.4 ± 4.9%) were recruited. Patients with AF had a significantly higher LAWT (1.45 ± 0.52 mm vs 1.12 ± 0.42 mm, p = 0.003), tissue mass (15.81 ± 6.53 g vs. 12.18 ± 5.01 g, p = 0.011), fibrosis burden (9.33 ± 8.35% vs 2.41 ± 3.60%, p = 0.013), left atrial size/volume (95.68 ± 26.63 mL vs 81.22 ± 20.64 mL, p = 0.011) and lower LAEF (50.3 ± 15.3% vs 65.2 ± 8.6%, p < 0.001) compared to controls. There was no significant correlation between % fibrosis with LAWT (p = 0.29), mass (p = 0.89), volume (p = 0.49) or sphericity (p = 0.79). LAWT had a statistically significant weak positive correlation with LA volume (r = 0.25, p = .041), but not with sphericity (p = 0.86). LAEF had a statistically significant but weak negative correlation with fibrosis (r = −0.33, p = 0.008) and LAWT (r = −0.24, p = 0.07).ConclusionAF is associated with significant quantifiable structural changes that are evident in LA size, tissue thickness, total LA tissue mass and fibrosis. These individual remodelling markers do not or only weakly correlate with each other suggesting different remodelling subtypes exist (e.g. fibrotic vs hypertrophic vs dilated). If confirmed, such a detailed understanding of the structural changes observed has the potential to inform clinical management strategies targeting individual mechanisms underlying the disease process.
The association between dietary selenium intake and telomere length in hypertension
Authors: Liang Cui , Zhao Ruixue , Du Jiaqi , Zhao Guojun , Zhang Yanzhou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTelomere length is closely linked to biological aging, oxidative stress, and the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the association between dietary selenium intake and telomere length in individuals with hypertension. Data on dietary selenium intake were captured through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) computer‐assisted dietary interview system (CADI). Telomere length determination entailed selecting blood samples from all participants in the NHANES database. The analysis was performed using Analysis System software, with Empower stats utilized for data analysis. Results showed that there was a significant association between dietary selenium intake and telomere length in hypertension, particularly within the female group. In female hypertension cases, a 1 mcg increase in dietary selenium intake corresponded to a telomere length increase of 1.19 bp, even after adjusting for age, race, BMI, marital status, physical activity, energy intake, and stroke history. The relationship between dietary selenium intake and telomere length exhibited a linear pattern in female hypertension patients. This study identified a positive association between dietary selenium intake and telomere length in hypertension, particularly within the female group.
High‐frequency ultrasound accuracy in preoperative cutaneous melanoma assessment: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sellyn Georgina E. , Lopez Andrea A. , Ghosh Shramana , Topf Michael C. , Chen Heidi , Tkaczyk Eric , Powers Jennifer G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) can safely and efficiently visualize cutaneous tumour characteristics including depth.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate its accuracy in measuring melanoma depth against the gold standard, histopathology, for treatment planning.MethodsA review of publications was conducted in March 2023 through five electronic databases. Thirty‐six included articles studied patients who received HFUS (≥10 MHz) measurements, melanoma biopsy or excision, and reported a tumour depth correlation coefficient between HFUS and histopathology. We analysed correlation coefficients between HFUS and histopathology, measured tumour depths and shed light on reasons for mismeasurements. Additionally, we identified the reporting of critical metrics including, lesion characteristics, melanoma subtype, type of correlation coefficient, 95% confidence intervals for Pearson coefficients and sample size.ResultsThe most common tumour imaged was superficial spreading melanoma on the trunk and extremities, followed by head/face. Maximum ultrasound frequencies ranged from 13 MHz to 100 MHz with participants ranging from 5 to 264. Histopathology and HFUS correlation coefficients ranged from 0.417 to 0.997 (median: 0.94, mean: 0.89 and SD: 0.13). Lower frequency probes (10–20 MHz) were less accurate in assessing melanoma thickness, with a cumulative mean correlation coefficient of 0.87 compared to 0.94 (20–25 MHz) and 0.98 (≥70 MHz). Studies demonstrated higher sonographic accuracy in melanomas >0.75 mm.Additionally, ultrasound may report increased melanoma depth compared to histopathology for reasons including lymphocytic infiltration, presence of a nevus and shrinkage during specimen processing. Furthermore, we found a gap in the reporting of details such as fundamental characteristics of lesion populations. Specifically, 86% (31 out of 36) of the studies failed to report one or more critical metrics, such as mean, median or range of lesion depths.ConclusionsHFUS may serve as a supplementary tool for preoperative melanoma assessment, with increased accuracy in thicker tumours. Frequencies <20 MHz are less reliable in assessing depth. Frequencies ≥70 MHz demonstrate stronger correlations to histopathology. Higher ultrasound accuracy was seen for melanomas with Breslow depth >0.75 mm.
Gill raker and pyloric caeca counts differ between Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Dolly Varden (S. malma) populations across their ranges
Authors: Weinstein Spencer Y. , Gallagher Colin P. , Hale Matthew C. , Loewen Tracey N. , Reist James D. , Swanson Heidi K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMeristic characters are often used to differentiate between closely related forms, morphs, and species of fishes, and lend insight into ecology and post‐glacial recolonization in taxa with complicated or contentious phylogenies, including the genus Salvelinus. Previous studies of meristics in Salvelinus have focused mostly on individual populations. We collated data from 456 populations/systems across the North American and Russian Arctic and sub‐Arctic, and found that counts of pyloric caeca and gill rakers differed consistently between fish visually and/or genetically identified as Arctic char and Dolly Varden across their distributional ranges.