bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional CO2 sequestration capacity assessment for the coastal and offshore Texas Miocene interval
Authors: Wallace Kerstan J , Meckel Timothy A , Carr David L. , Treviño Ramón H , Yang Changbing 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEstimating regional geologic storage capacity potential for carbon dioxide will play an important role in determining the feasibility of widespread carbon capture and storage (CCS) programs in the United States and worldwide. The sandstone reservoirs of the Miocene Age located off the Texas coast in the northern Gulf of Mexico are a promising target for CCS due to favorable geologic properties (high porosity/permeability, effective traps and seals, etc.) and proximity to high carbon dioxide emission sources. The common method for regional storage capacity estimation involves the calculation of a pore volume which is modified by some discount or efficiency factor. Though efficiency factors have a large effect on calculated capacity, little work has been done to validate the use and effectiveness of these terms. In this paper we aim to provide an estimate for the storage potential of the coastal and offshore Texas Miocene interval using a common calculation methodology and to begin expanding on this calculation by developing and incorporating an additional sand picking refinement step. This step allows for an initial investigation into the accuracy and utility of typical efficiency factors and regional storage calculations. We find that in our study area, capacity that is calculated using the actual net sand thickness, or ‘net capacity’, is ∼25% less than capacity that is calculated using the total interval thickness, or ‘gross capacity’, though, ideally, the two should be equal. Discrepancies between the two calculations emphasize the large uncertainty inherent in efficiency factors and highlight the need for further investigation.
Value of EQ‐5D in Mexican city older population with and without dementia (SADEM study)
Authors: Sanchez‐Arenas Rosalinda , Vargas‐Alarcon Gilberto , Sanchez‐Garcia Sergio , Garcia‐Peña Carmen , Gutierrez‐Gutierrez Lidia , Grijalva Israel , Garcia‐Dominguez Angelica , Juárez‐Cedillo Teresa 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundThe EuroQoL‐5D (EQ‐5D) is a brief, multi‐attribute, preference‐based health status measurement. The objective of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of EQ‐5D in older adults with and without dementia in Mexico City.MethodsThe Study on Aging and Dementia in Mexico (SADEM) was a survey of 3101, Mexican adults (60 + years old). An in‐home face‐to‐face interview was administered. EQ‐5D using ranking to rate states on a 100‐point visual analogue scale; Daily Living Activities (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Short Form of the quality of life survey (SF‐36), and Charlson comorbility index were used for comparison. The validity and reliability of EQ‐5D were tested. We identified states of health for direct valuation; state 11111 (“no problems”) had to be included because it was essential to the reseating (onto a 0–1 scale) of the visual analogue scale data. We included all plausible combinations of levels across each of the five EQ‐5D dimensions and evaluated any significant interaction effects and factorial designs, based on balanced complete blocks.ResultsThe EQ‐5D was applied to 3101 older people, of whom 109 (3.4%) had dementia. The general reliability of EQ‐5D for cases was 0.80 and for controls 0.76, for each dimension. We had a total of 103 combinations for controls and 45 for cases. The percentage for the state of health “no problems” (11111) for controls was 30.4%, and had the highest percentage of cases (8.8%).ConclusionThe resulting valuations form the basis for clinical use and facilitate the interpretation and evaluation of health care. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate potential recruitment to dementia intervention studies
Authors: Cooper Claudia , Ketley Daniel , Livingston Gill 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveWe investigated the proportion of people with dementia who are eligible for and willing to participate in intervention studies.MethodsWe systematically reviewed 12 studies fitting predetermined criteria, reporting eligibility or participation rates for dementia intervention trials or intervention studies that sought to increase recruitment. We assessed the study validity using a checklist, reported trial eligibility and participation rates and meta‐analysed these where appropriate.ResultsIn higher quality studies, 26% [95% confidence interval 19–35%] of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) attending memory clinics or receiving antidementia medication were eligible for industry drug trials, and 43% of eligible people agreed to participate in one study, suggesting 11% of these populations would take part in drug trials if approached. There was replicated, higher quality evidence that younger people, men and those with more education were more likely to be eligible for AD drug trials. No randomised controlled trials have investigated how to increase recruitment to dementia intervention studies.ConclusionOne in 10 people with AD or taking donepezil would, according to best available evidence, take part in industry drug trials if approached. We found no data regarding non‐pharmacological intervention or pragmatic drug trial recruitment, but eligibility and participation rates for these studies are probably higher. If international studies are extrapolated to the UK, they suggest the national target of recruiting 10% of people with dementia diagnoses to research may be achieved through a nationwide policy of asking all people with dementia and their carers for consent to be approached for research participation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape evolution and finite deformation pattern in analog experiments of lithosphere necking
Authors: Nestola Yago , Storti Fabrizio , Bedogni Enrico , Cavozzi Cristian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLithosphere necking evolution determines the 3‐D architecture of crustal and upper mantle thinning and related basins, and the heat flow distribution in rifted regions. Despite a large number of studies, lithosphere necking evolution is still a matter of debate. We present the result from lithospheric‐scale analog models designed for investigating the necking shape during extension and the vertical distribution of finite deformation in the mechanical lithosphere. In our experiments, lithosphere necking is asymmetric and, in particular, the 3‐D distribution of thinning is cylindrical in the crust and very heterogeneous in the mantle. Overall, the evolution of rifting and necking progresses from delocalized to localized deformation.
Spatial and temporal patterns of simulated slow slip events on the Cascadia megathrust
Authors: Colella Harmony V. , Dieterich James H. , Richards‐Dinger Keith 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn recent years, it has been discovered that sections of the subduction interface slip aseismically in slow slip events, during which stress is intermittently transferred to the section of the subduction zone that generates large or great earthquakes. Within the Cascadia subduction zone, the magnitude and frequency of SSEs and accompanying tectonic tremor exhibit complex patterns that vary systematically with depth. However, the loading mechanisms and interactions that precede great subduction earthquakes are poorly understood. Here we present results from physics‐based simulations that reproduce the continuum of SSE characteristics reported for the Cascadia subduction zone. The simulations provide a basis for understanding the interactions that control both the observed complex patterns of SSEs and stress transfer to the seismogenic section that produce great earthquakes.
Wavy magnetodisk in Saturn's outer magnetosphere
Authors: Carbary J. F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA simple wavy magnetodisk model can explain periodicities in energetic charged particles observed in Saturn's outer magnetosphere (>20 RS). The model's free parameters are the tilt of magnetodisk in inner magnetosphere (~1.8°), speed of outgoing spiral wave (~8 RS/h), critical radius (~10 RS), and period of rotation (10.64 h). The fidelity of the model is not judged by a least squares fit to the actual data, but rather by the model's accuracy in reproducing the Lomb periodogram of the periodicities. The model accurately simulates the main spectral feature near ~10.7 h plus a secondary (“dual”) period near ~10.95 h. The ability of the wavy magnetodisk with one period to produce the observed dual periodicity in the observations suggests that models having “dual” periods need not be invoked to explain some of the periodicities in Saturn's outer magnetosphere.
Critical role for mesoscale eddy diffusion in supplying oxygen to hypoxic ocean waters
Authors: Gnanadesikan Anand , Bianchi Daniele , Pradal Marie‐Aude 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEstimates of the oceanic lateral eddy diffusion coefficient Aredi vary by more than an order of magnitude, ranging from less than a few hundred m2/s to thousands of m2/s. This uncertainty has first‐order implications for the intensity of oceanic hypoxia, which is poorly simulated by the current generation of Earth System Models. Using satellite‐based estimate of oxygen consumption in hypoxic waters to estimate the required diffusion coefficient for these waters gives a value of order 1000 m2/s. Varying Aredi across a suite of Earth System Models yields a broadly consistent result given a thermocline diapycnal diffusion coefficient of 1 × 10−5 m2/s.
Reduced functional connectivity within the limbic cortico‐striato‐thalamo‐cortical loop in unmedicated adults with obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Posner Jonathan , Marsh Rachel , Maia Tiago V. , Peterson Bradley S. , Gruber Allison , Simpson H. Blair 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCortico‐striato‐thalamo‐cortical (CSTC) loops project from the cortex to the striatum, then from the striatum to the thalamus via the globus pallidus, and finally from the thalamus back to the cortex again. These loops have been implicated in Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder (OCD) with particular focus on the limbic CSTC loop, which encompasses the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, as well as the ventral striatum. Resting state functional‐connectivity MRI (rs‐fcMRI) studies, which examine temporal correlations in neural activity across brain regions at rest, have examined CSTC loop connectivity in patients with OCD and suggest hyperconnectivity within these loops in medicated adults with OCD. We used rs‐fcMRI to examine functional connectivity within CSTC loops in unmedicated adults with OCD (n = 23) versus healthy controls (HCs) (n = 20). Contrary to prior rs‐fcMRI studies in OCD patients on medications that report hyperconnectivity in the limbic CSTC loop, we found that compared with HCs, unmedicated OCD participants had reduced connectivity within the limbic CSTC loop. Exploratory analyses revealed that reduced connectivity within the limbic CSTC loop correlated with OCD symptom severity in the OCD group. Our finding of limbic loop hypoconnectivity in unmedicted OCD patients highlights the potential confounding effects of antidepressants on connectivity measures and the value of future examinations of the effects of pharmacological and/or behavioral treatments on limbic CSTC loop connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2852–2860, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optically Active S‐Esters of Dithiophosphoric Acid on the Basis of (1S)‐endo‐(–)‐Borneol
Authors: Nizamov Ilyas S. , Gabdullina Gulnara T. , Nurmukhametov Almaz R. , Nizamov Ilnar D. , Cherkasov Rafael A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe ammonium salt of optically active dithiophosphoric acid obtained by the reaction of tetraphosphorus decasulfide with (1S)‐endo‐(–)‐borneol reacts with benzoyl chloride, methyl chloroacetate and epichlorohydrin to form novel dithiophosphate S‐esters.
INTER‐PROVIDER COMPARISON OF PATIENT‐REPORTED OUTCOMES: DEVELOPING AN ADJUSTMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR DIFFERENCES IN PATIENT CASE MIX
Authors: Nuttall David , Parkin David , Devlin Nancy 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the development of a methodology for the case‐mix adjustment of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) data permitting the comparison of outcomes between providers on a like‐for‐like basis. Statistical models that take account of provider‐specific effects form the basis of the proposed case‐mix adjustment methodology. Indirect standardisation provides a transparent means of case mix adjusting the PROMs data, which are updated on a monthly basis. Recently published PROMs data for patients undergoing unilateral knee replacement are used to estimate empirical models and to demonstrate the application of the proposed case‐mix adjustment methodology in practice. The results are illustrative and are used to highlight a number of theoretical and empirical issues that warrant further exploration. For example, because of differences between PROMs instruments, case‐mix adjustment methodologies may require instrument‐specific approaches. A number of key assumptions are made in estimating the empirical models, which could be open to challenge. The covariates of post‐operative health status could be expanded, and alternative econometric methods could be employed. © 2013 Crown copyright.
IS THE MEDICAL LOSS RATIO A GOOD TARGET MEASURE FOR REGULATION IN THE INDIVIDUAL MARKET FOR HEALTH INSURANCE?
Authors: Karaca‐Mandic Pinar , Abraham Jean M. , Simon Kosali 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTEffective January 1, 2011, individual market health insurers must meet a minimum medical loss ratio (MLR) of 80%. This law aims to encourage ‘productive’ forms of competition by increasing the proportion of premium dollars spent on clinical benefits. To date, very little is known about the performance of firms in the individual health insurance market, including how MLRs are related to insurer and market characteristics. The MLR comprises one component of the price–cost margin, a traditional gauge of market power; the other component is percent of premiums spent on administrative expenses. We use data from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (2001–2009) to evaluate whether the MLR is a good target measure for regulation by comparing the two components of the price–cost margin between markets that are more competitive versus those that are not, accounting for firm and market characteristics. We find that insurers with monopoly power have lower MLRs. Moreover, we find no evidence suggesting that insurers' administrative expenses are lower in more concentrated insurance markets. Thus, our results are largely consistent with the interpretation that the MLR could serve as a target measure of market power in regulating the individual market for health insurance but with notable limited ability to capture product and firm heterogeneity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MEASURING OVERFITTING IN NONLINEAR MODELS: A NEW METHOD AND AN APPLICATION TO HEALTH EXPENDITURES
Authors: Bilger Marcel , Manning Willard G. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYWhen fitting an econometric model, it is well known that we pick up part of the idiosyncratic characteristics of the data along with the systematic relationship between dependent and explanatory variables. This phenomenon is known as overfitting and generally occurs when a model is excessively complex relative to the amount of data available. Overfitting is a major threat to regression analysis in terms of both inference and prediction.We start by showing that the Copas measure becomes confounded by shrinkage or expansion arising from in‐sample bias when applied to the untransformed scale of nonlinear models, which is typically the scale of interest when assessing behaviors or analyzing policies. We then propose a new measure of overfitting that is both expressed on the scale of interest and immune to this problem. We also show how to measure the respective contributions of in‐sample bias and overfitting to the overall predictive bias when applying an estimated model to new data.We finally illustrate the properties of our new measure through both a simulation study and a real‐data illustration based on inpatient healthcare expenditure data, which shows that the distinctions can be important. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verification bias in diagnostic accuracy studies for fine‐ and core needle biopsy of salivary gland lesions in otolaryngology journals: A systematic review and analysis
Authors: Schmidt Robert L. , Jedrzkiewicz Jolanta D. , Allred Rebecca J. , Matsuoka Shotaro , Witt Benjamin L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies for needle biopsy are frequently published in otolaryngology journals, but this body of literature has not been assessed for verification bias.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of DTA studies on needle biopsy of salivary gland lesions appearing in otolaryngology journals. Studies were assessed by 2 reviewers for verification bias.ResultsWe identified 95 DTA studies for needle biopsy of salivary gland lesions. Eighty‐one studies (84%) had verification bias. Five of the biased studies provided sufficient data to estimate the extent of bias. Verification bias was associated with an overestimate of sensitivity and an underestimate of specificity. Studies on core needle biopsy (CNB) had a lower rate of verification bias than fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) studies.ConclusionVerification bias is common in DTA studies of needle biopsy for salivary gland lesions published in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) journals. Such studies overestimated sensitivity and underestimated specificity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1654–1661, 2014
Volume–outcome associations in head and neck cancer treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Eskander Antoine , Merdad Mazin , Irish Jonathan C. , Hall Stephen F. , Groome Patti A. , Freeman Jeremy L. , Urbach David R. , Goldstein David P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundBecause of the relative rarity of head and neck malignancies and their complex treatment, some groups have advocated for regionalized care. Studies comparing high‐ and low‐volume centers have demonstrated mixed results.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review using MEDLINE and EMBASE including all studies examining a volume–outcome relationship in the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer with meta‐analysis for long‐term survival results.ResultsSeventeen studies were identified. Meta‐analysis was performed for studies that assessed long‐term survival. High‐volume hospitals (5 studies; hazard ratio [HR], 0.886; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.820–0.956) and high‐volume surgeons (2 studies; HR, 0.767; 95% CI, 0.641–0.919) have better overall survival than low‐volume hospitals and surgeons, respectively.ConclusionVolume–outcome associations exist for head and neck oncologic procedures, although this has not been fully investigated for salivary gland malignancies. Future quality of care studies in head and neck oncology should focus on processes of care, which may explain this relationship. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1820–1834, 2014
Temporal characterization of lymphatic metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model of oral cancer
Authors: Szaniszlo Peter , Fennewald Susan M. , Qiu Suimin , Kantara Carla , Shilagard Tuya , Vargas Gracie , Resto Vicente A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe overall mortality rate in cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not improved over the past 30 years, mostly because of the high treatment failure rate among patients with regionally metastatic disease. To better understand the pathobiologic processes leading to lymphatic metastasis development, there is an urgent need for relevant animal models.MethodsHNSCC cell lines were implanted into the tongues of athymic nude mice. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and ex vivo 2‐photon microscopy were used to evaluate tumor progress and spread.ResultsOrthotopic xenografts of different HNSCC cell lines produced distinct patterns of survival, tumor histology, disease progression rate, and lymph node metastasis development. Remarkably, all injected cell types reached the lymph nodes within 24 hours after injection, but not all developed metastasis.ConclusionThis orthotopic xenograft model closely mimics several characteristics of human cancer and could be extremely valuable for translational studies focusing on lymphatic metastasis development and pathobiology. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1638–1647, 2014
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: Recognition and differentiation from conventional leukoplakia and mimics
Authors: Gillenwater Ann M. , Vigneswaran Nadarajah , Fatani Hanadi , Saintigny Pierre , El‐Naggar Adel K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe majority of conventional leukoplakia remains constant and only a subset progress to high‐grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma. A less recognized form known as proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) represents a unique progressive and elusive variant. Identifying patients with this form can only be achieved through the keen clinical observation of the temporal gross and histologic progression in individual patients with squamous cell carcinoma. The difficulty in the early diagnosis of PVL stems from the overlapping clinical and pathologic features with conventional multifocal leukoplakia with dysplasia. We present the current view on the clinicopathologic and biological characteristics of PVL and discuss their diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1662–1668, 2014
Persistent tracheostomy after primary chemoradiation for advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Tennant Paul A. , Cash Elizabeth , Bumpous Jeffrey M. , Potts Kevin L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundDespite the demonstrated survival equivalence between chemoradiation and ablative surgery as primary treatment for advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers, a subset of patients who undergo organ‐preservation therapy have persistent tracheostomy requirement after completion of treatment.MethodsPatients who received primary chemoradiation for advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer in a 3‐year interval were identified. Rate of persistent posttreatment tracheostomy requirement was evaluated. The 12‐month overall mortality rate was compared between patients who did and did not receive a tracheostomy before treatment.ResultsIn 60 patients identified for this study, T3/T4 status and hemilarynx fixation at the time of presentation were associated with persistent tracheostomy requirement 6 and 12 months posttreatment (p = .022; p < .001; and p = .032; p = .0495, respectively). Twelve‐month mortality was higher in T3/T4 patients who received pretreatment tracheostomy (p = .034).ConclusionPatients with advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer who require tracheostomy before treatment have low rates of decannulation and higher short‐term mortality than those who do not require tracheostomy before organ‐preservation therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1628–1633, 2014