bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant module size influences the intra‐tree distribution and abundance of a shoot‐boring sawfly in young balsam fir
Authors: Johns Rob C. , Edwards Sara , Carleton Drew , Morrison Andrew , Morin Benoit 
Published: August 2015

AbstractField surveys were carried out to assess the effects of intra‐tree variation in developing shoot length within and among crown levels on the density and abundance of the balsam shoot‐boring sawfly, Pleroneura brunneicornis Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae), in young balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. (Pinaceae). Overall, cardinal direction had no influence on shoot‐borer density or abundance; however, the highest percentage and abundance of bored shoots occurred on intermediate‐sized shoots within the crown (i.e., in the mid‐crown and on the distal‐lateral and medial‐lateral shoots). Comparatively, few shoot borers occurred in the upper or lower crown levels, or on the relatively large terminal shoots within branches. This distribution appears indicative of the higher suitability of intermediate‐sized shoots within hosts for either egg lay or larval performance. Results of this study are most consistent with predictions of the ‘optimal module size’ hypothesis, which posits that herbivore responses to plant module size should reflect the balance of tradeoffs between utilizing relatively large, nutritious shoots vs. small, more easily exploited shoots.
Fungal root endophytes ofQuercus robursubjected to flooding
Authors: Kwaśna H. , Szewczyk W. , Behnke‐Borowczyk J. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn August 2011, fungal endophytes were isolated from fine (0.1–0.5 cm diameter) and structural (0.6–2.0 cm) roots from eighteenQ. roburtrees at six sites in aQ. robur‐dominated forest displaying symptoms of oak decline. Five sites were subjected to periodic flooding for 3 months in 1997 and 1 month in 2010. Fungal colonization was detected in 94% of 1296 root fragments examined. Fungi representing 126 taxa from Zygomycota (four species), Ascomycota (117 species) and Basidiomycota (five species) were isolated using culture‐based methods and identified by morphotyping and sequencing of theITS1 and 2rDNA. The most frequent eudominants (with colonization frequencies ≥10%) wereAspergillusspp.,Cosmosporasp.,Ilyonectria radicicola, Pezicula radicicola, Pyrenochaeta cavaand six species ofTrichoderma. Species composition did not vary greatly between sites, but only 3% of species occurred in all sites. Number of species was higher in roots subjected to floods. Eudominants and dominants present only on flooded sites includedAspergillusspp.,Chaetomium globosum, Cosmosporasp.,I. radicicola, Sporothrix inflata,Trichoderma harzianum, T. pubescensandT. virens. Structural roots were usually colonized by a higher number of species than fine roots. The majority of species detected belong to Class 2NC‐endophytes.Pezicula radicicolaandPhialocephala fortiniibelong to Class 4NC‐endophytes.
Weight functions and stress intensity factors for pin‐loaded single‐edge notch bend specimen
Authors: Zhao X.  C. , Wu X.  R. , Tong D.  H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA recently developed pin‐loaded single‐edge notch bend specimen provides an alternative to the single‐edge notch tension specimen commonly used for small‐crack growth testing. In this paper, weight functions for pin‐loaded single‐edge notch bend specimen are derived by using two methods, the classical analytical weight function method and the newly developed numerical weight function complex variable Taylor series expansion method. Excellent agreement between the two methods is achieved. Based on these weight functions, accurate stress intensity factors for two load cases, that is, pin‐loading and Dugdale loading, which is required for plasticity‐induced crack‐closure analysis based on the strip‐yield model, are determined.
Macro‐ and microclimatic interactions can drive variation in species' habitat associations
Authors: Pateman Rachel M. , Thomas Chris D. , Hayward Scott A. L. , Hill Jane K. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMany species are more restricted in their habitat associations at the leading edges of their range margins, but some species have broadened their habitat associations in these regions during recent climate change. We examine the effects of multiple, interacting climatic variables on spatial and temporal patterns of species' habitat associations, using the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria, in Britain, as our model taxon. Our analyses reveal that this species, traditionally regarded as a woodland‐dependent insect, is less restricted to woodland in regions with warmer winters and warmer and wetter summers. In addition, over the past 40 years of climate change, the species has become less restricted to woodland in locations where temperature and summer rainfall have increased most. We show that these patterns arise mechanistically because larval growth rates are slower in open (i.e. nonwoodland) habitats associated with colder microclimates in winter and greater host plant desiccation in summer. We conclude that macro‐ and microclimatic interactions drive variation in species' habitat associations, which for our study species resulted predominantly in a widening of habitat associations under climate change. However, species vary in their climatic and nonclimatic requirements, and so complex spatial and temporal patterns of changes in habitat associations are likely to be observed in future as the climate changes.
Patterns of inpatient dermatology referral and predictors of diagnostic accuracy in non‐dermatologists in a Northern District hospital in Singapore
Authors: Huang Wenhui , Chong Wei‐Sheng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundA wide range of dermatological conditions is often encountered in the inpatient setting. Many non‐dermatologists experience difficulty in their diagnosis, and referral to a dermatologist is often warranted. In our local setting, this is made through a formal written referral letter, which is usually drafted by the junior doctor on the team.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to characterize patterns of inpatient dermatology referral and to investigate whether predictors of diagnostic concordance between the referring non‐dermatologist and the reviewing dermatologist can be identified.MethodsA total of 168 inpatient dermatology referrals made between June and September 2013 at a Northern District hospital in Singapore were identified and reviewed. Collated variables were broadly divided into: (i) patient demographic details; (ii) the referring details of non‐dermatologists; and (iii) the response details of reviewing dermatologists.ResultsNo predictors of diagnostic concordance could be identified statistically. A total of 90.5% (n = 152) of referrals were made for both diagnostic and management purposes, whereas 9.5% (n = 16) of referrals were made purely for management purposes. Of the 152 diagnostic and management referrals, a preliminary diagnosis was reflected in 69.1% (n = 105). In 47.6% of all referrals (n = 80), more than one dermatological condition was identified. The fungal smear was the most commonly requested ancillary investigation (22.6%, n = 38/168). Cutaneous skin infections (32.0%, n = 85/266) and endogenous eczema (32.0%, n = 85/266) were by far the two most commonly identified dermatological conditions in our local cohort of patients.ConclusionsThe need for a dedicated inpatient dermatology service is reinforced. However, targeted education may be employed to facilitate the referral process.
A prospective case series evaluating efficacy and safety of combination of itraconazole and potassium iodide in rhinofacial conidiobolomycosis
Authors: Gupta Manish , Narang Tarun , Kaur Rupinder Jeet , Manhas Ashwani , Saikia Uma Nahar , Dogra Sunil 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundRhinofacial conidiobolomycosis (RFC) is an uncommon subcutaneous fungal infection producing painless swelling with grotesque deformity of the face. Although there are case reports and small case series; there are very few prospective studies evaluating treatment outcome and long‐term follow‐up.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of combination of itraconazole (200 mg twice daily) and saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) in patients with RFC.MethodsTen patients of RFC were studied over a period of 5 years. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical, histopathological, and microbiological evaluation. Conidiobolus was cultured in four cases and in the rest of the cases, the histopathology was suggestive of RFC. They were treated with itraconazole (200 mg twice daily) and SSKI and followed up for a minimum of 1 year after stopping treatment.ResultsThe mean age was 38.7 years and the mean duration of symptoms was 22.4 months. Males were predominantly involved (9 : 1). Seven patients responded to the combination treatment, five had complete resolution and two had good improvement (50–75%); however, in two patients the response was minimal (<25% regression of the swelling) and one patient did not show any improvement after 6 months of treatment.ConclusionCombination of itraconazole and SSKI is an effective treatment modality for RFC with relatively faster onset of action, low relapse rates, and minimal adverse effects. It can be considered as first‐line treatment in patients with RFC.
Evaluation of ocular findings in patients with vitiligo
Authors: Karadag Remzi , Esmer Oktay , Karadag Ayse S. , Bilgili Serap Gunes , Cakici Ozgur , Demircan Yuhanize Tas , Bayramlar Huseyin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to investigate ocular manifestations in patients with vitiligo. Sixty‐one patients with vitiligo were included in the study. From the patients who referred for examination to the dermatology and ophthalmology clinic, 57 patients without any systemic disease were taken as the control group. In both groups, otorefractometry, keratometry, visual acuity test, intraocular pressure measurement, anterior segment, and fundus examinations of the eye with slit lamp, Schirmer test, and perimetry were carried out. The mean age was 24.54 ± 11.90 years and 23.03 ± 8.72 years in the patients and control group, respectively. The mean Schirmer test results were as follows: 16.74 ± 9.11 mm and 17.64 ± 9.41 mm for the right and left eyes of the patients, and 21.96 ± 12.51 mm and 23.42 ± 12.51 mm for the right and left eyes of controls, respectively. Of the patients, 36 eyes showed lenticular findings. However, only 12 eyes of the controls have some lenticular findings. Twenty‐nine eyes in the vitiligo group and four in the controls showed some fundus findings. When the two groups were compared with each other, there was a statistically significant difference between them in terms of Schirmer test results, lens, and fundus findings (P < 0.05 for all). However, there was no significant difference in terms of age, gender, visual acuity, refraction, keratometry, intraocular pressure, perimetry, and corneal findings (P > 0.05 for all). Patients with vitiligo may have more lenticular and retinal findings than normal. They can be more prone to dry eye syndrome as well.
Sustainable use of marine resources – turning waste into food ingredients
Authors: Nurdiani Rahmi , Dissanayake Muditha , Street Wayne E. , Donkor Osaana N. , Singh Tanoj K. , Vasiljevic Todor 
Published: August 2015

SummaryFish by‐products are considered low value and discarded. With proper handling and processing, fish by‐products may provide high nutritional value to consumers. This study aimed at establishing compositional differences in valuable compounds from fish by‐products of selected species, including Salmon, Flathead, Silver warehou and Barramundi. Simple extraction methods were employed, and obtained fractions were analysed for their chemical and physical properties. The chemical composition of four fish species differed significantly (P < 0.05) with the protein content ranging from 14.7 ± 0.09 to 16.8 ± 0.41%. AdjustingpHto 2.5 yielded two times more of extracted oil than atpH4.5. Salmon and Barramundi oils contained high amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (39–50%), while Silver warehou and Flathead oils contained 46–49% of saturated fatty acids (SFAs). The particle size of the protein fractions was small, ranging from 126.9 to 489.5 nm. Molecular weight of extracted proteins was fish species dependant – Silver warehou and Barramundi samples contained proteins of 250, 120 and 100 kDa, while these bands were absent from Salmon and Flathead samples. The data obtained indicate that extracted fractions from fish by‐products likely have high nutritional value and could find a potential use in food formulations.
Three new HLA‐C alleles (HLA‐C*14:02:13, HLA‐C*15:72 and HLA‐C*15:74) in Saudi bone marrow donors
Authors: Fakhoury H. A. , Jawdat D. , Alaskar A. S. , Al Jumah M. , Cereb N. , Hajeer A. H. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThree new HLA‐C alleles were identified by sequence‐based typing method (SBT) in donors for the Saudi Bone Marrow Donor Registry (SBMDR). HLA‐C*14:02:13 differs from HLA‐C*14:02:01 by a silent G to A substitution at nucleotide position 400 in exon 2, where lysine at position 66 remains unchanged. HLA‐C*15:72 differs from HLA‐C*15:22 by a nonsynonymous C to A substitution at nucleotide position 796 in exon 3, resulting in an amino acid change from phenylalanine to leucine at position 116. HLA‐C*15:74 differs from HLA‐C*15:08 by a nonsynonymous C to T substitution at nucleotide position 914 in exon 3, resulting in an amino acid change from arginine to tryptophan at position 156.
Role of targeted therapy in combination with surgery in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Bex Axel , Powles Thomas , Karam Jose A 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSurgical complete resection is the only curative treatment of renal cell carcinoma including patients with locally advanced disease and those with limited metastatic disease. Patients at high risk of recurrence after complete resection might theoretically benefit from adjuvant and neoadjuvant systemic treatment strategies to prolong disease‐free survival and ultimately overall survival. Another rationale for using targeted therapy includes downsizing/downstaging of surgically complex locally advanced renal cell carcinoma to facilitate complete resection or primary tumors to allow for nephron‐sparing strategies. Unfortunately, a considerable percentage of patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease at first presentation. Although large population‐based studies consistently show a survival benefit after cytoreductive nephrectomy in the targeted therapy era, confounding factors preclude definite conclusions for this heterogeneous patient group until ongoing phase III trials are published. Presurgical targeted therapy has been proposed to identify patients with clinical benefit and potentially long‐term survival after cytoreductive nephrectomy. Recently, the use of targeted therapy before or after local treatment of metastases has been reported in small retrospective series. The present review revisits the current evidence base of targeted therapy in combination with surgery for the various disease stages in renal cell carcinoma.
The Influence of the Chicago School on the Commission's Guidelines, Notices and Block Exemption Regulations in EU Competition Policy
Authors: Bartalevich Dzmitry 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAntitrust rules are fundamentally informed and shaped by economic theories. Given the significance of EU competition policy for the European integration process, it is essential to disentangle the economic theories underlying EU competition law. There is abundant theoretical and empirical literature examining the influence of ordoliberalism on EC/EU competition policy. However, in recent years, ordoliberal principles appear to have been replaced by neoliberalism and efficiency‐enhancing rationale in EU competition policy. This article puts forward the idea of clarifying whether the European Commission incorporates Chicago School theory into EU competition law provisions. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the European Commission's guidelines, notices and block exemption regulations. The analysis reveals that the Commission does, to a considerable extent, follow the Chicago School theory. The elements of the Chicago School theory hold strongest in vertical practices; they are somewhat weaker in horizontal practices and in unilateral exclusionary conduct.
Intralocus sexual conflict, adaptive sex allocation, and the heritability of fitness
Authors: Calsbeek R. , Duryea M. C. , Goedert D. , Bergeron P. , Cox R. M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntralocus sexual conflict arises when selection favours alternative fitness optima in males and females. Unresolved conflict can create negative between‐sex genetic correlations for fitness, such that high‐fitness parents produce high‐fitness progeny of their same sex, but low‐fitness progeny of the opposite sex. This cost of sexual conflict could be mitigated if high‐fitness parents bias sex allocation to produce more offspring of their same sex. Previous studies of the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei) show that viability selection on body size is sexually antagonistic, favouring large males and smaller females. However, sexual conflict over body size may be partially mitigated by adaptive sex allocation: large males sire more sons than daughters, whereas small males sire more daughters than sons. We explored the evolutionary implications of these phenomena by assessing the additive genetic (co)variance of fitness within and between sexes in a wild population. We measured two components of fitness: viability of adults over the breeding season, and the number of their progeny that survived to sexual maturity, which includes components of parental reproductive success and offspring viability (RSV). Viability of parents was not correlated with adult viability of their sons or daughters. RSV was positively correlated between sires and their offspring, but not between dams and their offspring. Neither component of fitness was significantly heritable, and neither exhibited negative between‐sex genetic correlations that would indicate unresolved sexual conflict. Rather, our results are more consistent with predictions regarding adaptive sex allocation in that, as the number of sons produced by a sire increased, the adult viability of his male progeny increased.
Mating behaviour of Dacus ciliatus (Loew) [Diptera:Tephritidae]: comparisons between a laboratory and a wild population
Authors: Rempoulakis P. , Nemny‐Lavy E. , Castro R. , Nestel D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAs part of the development of a sterile insect technique (SIT) application for the Ethiopian fruit fly, Dacus ciliatus, we studied the mating behaviour of a laboratory‐adapted strain (a 4‐year‐old colony kept for more than 40 generations) and a wild population. Effects of laboratory rearing and irradiation were assessed by carrying out mating compatibility and male mating competitiveness tests using a 1:1 ratio between irradiated (120 Gy) laboratory males and non‐irradiated wild males. Mating behaviour was studied on host and non‐host plants under field cage conditions. To assess the effect of mass rearing upon male performance, we repeated the mating competitiveness test using non‐irradiated laboratory insects. The findings indicated a high degree of compatibility among the two populations and satisfactory competitiveness of the irradiated laboratory males (ca. 35%). The competitiveness of non‐irradiated laboratory males was also ca. 35%, suggesting that no adverse effects resulted from their irradiation. Mating occurred only at twilight and mainly on the underside of leaves of non‐host plants (lemon trees). Findings are discussed in view of their implications for a future application of SIT against this fruit fly pest.
Variability in the efficacy of sex pheromone lures for monitoring oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Knight A. L. , Basoalto E. , Stelinski L. L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStudies were conducted in Chile and the United States to compare the attractiveness of various commercial sex pheromone lures and two experimental lures for oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), in peach orchards treated with or without sex pheromone dispensers. The experimental lures contained the three‐component sex pheromone blend of G. molesta: Z‐8‐dodecenyl acetate, E‐8‐dodecenyl acetate and Z‐8‐dodecenol (Z8‐12:OH), and the sex pheromone of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), (E,E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol, (codlemone). Commercial lures varied in their substrate, initial loading and blend ratio of components. Significant differences in male catches were found among commercial lures in orchards treated with or without sex pheromone dispensers. Experimental lures with the addition of codlemone significantly increased the catches of G. molesta using lures loaded with 0%, 1% or 5% Z8‐12:OH in the G. molesta blend compared with the same ratio of components in just the G. molesta blend. The experimental lures were significantly more attractive than all commercial lures in the untreated orchard. However, moth catch with the experimental lures in the sex pheromone‐treated orchard was only intermediate among all of the lures tested. These findings highlight the need to develop more effective and standardized lures that can be used in trap‐based monitoring programme for this important pest.
Development of a valid simplified Chinese version of the Osteoarthritis of Knee and Hip Quality of Life (OAKHQOL) in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Wei , He Chong‐Ru , Zheng Wei , Li Jia , Xu Wei‐Dong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesAs the first specific questionnaire for knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA) patients' condition assessment, the Osteoarthritis of Knee and Hip Quality of Life (OAKHQOL) questionnaire is widely used and its original version is French. Although it has already been translated into multiple languages, a Chinese version is still unpublished, despite the fact that China has the largest population of OA patients in the world. The objectives of our study were to adapt the OAKHQOL questionnaire into simplified Chinese and to assess its psychometric properties in Chinese patients with knee or hip OA.MethodsFirst, we developed the simplified Chinese version of OAKHQOL (SC‐OAKHOQL) in a five‐step procedure of translation and cross‐cultural adaptation. Next, we calculated the Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM) to evaluate the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the SC‐OAKHQOL, respectively. Unidimensionality of subscales was assessed by the principal component analysis (PCA) of residuals.ResultsOverall, 144 knee or hip OA patients successfully completed all of the questionnaires. Excellent or good internal consistency (alpha = 0.826–0.964) was found in the SC‐OAKHQOL, as well as excellent test‐retest reliability (ICC = 0.888–0.944). Good correlations were also obtained among physical subscales (r = 0.646–0.934), as well as mental subscales (r = 0.786–0.874) in the SC‐OAKHQOL and other questionnaires, on which excellent or good validity of the SC‐OAKHQOL shall be based. With the exception of the social support subscale, all others contained excellent or good responsiveness (ES, SRM = 1.02–2.92). The unidimensionality of five subscales was respected according to the PCA of residuals.ConclusionThe SC‐OAKHQOL questionnaire is reliable, valid and responsive for the evaluation of Chinese osteoarthritis patients of the knee or hip, and it would be an effective instrument.