bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐polarized MIMO antenna system for WiFi and LTE wireless access point applications
Authors: Moradikordalivand Alishir , Rahman Tharek Abd , Leow Chee Yen , Ebrahimi Sepideh 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn this paper, a dual‐polarized multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system suitable for indoor wireless access point is proposed. The presented MIMO antenna system consists of two coplanar‐waveguide‐fed monopole antennas with orthogonally polarized modes. According to the closely spaced structure of the MIMO antenna system, the mutual coupling between the ports is a big challenge. Therefore, a new structure of parasitic element is introduced in order to improve the mutual coupling between the ports. For the purpose of validating the simulated results, the antenna prototype has been fabricated and measured; the comparison of the results shows that there is an acceptable agreement between the measurement and simulation results. The proposed design covers the frequency bands of WiFi (2.4 GHz), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (2.3 and 2.5 GHz), and Long‐Term Evolution (LTE; 1.5 and 2.6 GHz) applications with a reflection coefficient less than −10 dB and a mutual coupling coefficient better than −15 dB. The MIMO antenna system provides an envelope correlation coefficient less than 0.15, polarization diversity gain more than 9.985 dB, and quasi‐omnidirectional pattern within the expected frequency band. In addition, LTE downlink throughput measurements show that the proposed antenna system delivers data rates close to the theoretical maximum for quadrature phase shift keying, 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and 64‐QAM modulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
User communities and contents co‐ranking for user‐generated content quality evaluation in social networks
Authors: Li Lei , Lin Xin , Zhai Yue , Yuan Caixia , Zhou Yanquan , Qi Jiayin 
Published: December 2014

SummaryWith the massive popularity of social networks, more and more users can produce millions of user‐generated contents (UGCs) daily. However, UGC quality is uneven, which has posed challenges to finding superior contents in such a large data set. In this paper, we present a new idea of UGC quality evaluation exploiting user communities, which are formed by users either in a friend circle or with similar interests in social networks. The intuition is that a user community can help evaluate the UGC quality better than a single user. Hence, we propose a new graph‐theoretic user communities and contents co‐ranking (UCCC) algorithm for UGC quality evaluation. UCCC evaluates UGCs and their related user communities simultaneously based on three different relationship networks: the network connecting UGCs, the network connecting user communities, and a third network that ties the two together. Contents and user communities are ranked following a co‐ranking algorithm based on the assumption that there is a mutually reinforcing relationship between them. Experiments using real‐world data have shown that UCCC outperforms competitive algorithms by a good margin in most cases and a user community is more useful than a single user for UGC quality evaluation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations between clinical characteristics and chronic complications in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lu Jun , Hou Xuhong , Zhang Lei , Hu Cheng , Zhou Jian , Pang Can , Pan Xiaoping , Bao Yuqian , Jia Weiping 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to assess the associations between clinical characteristics and chronic complications in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis is a retrospective study. Our diabetes registry included 6975 patients aged 30–75 years old with phenotypic type 2 diabetes who underwent islet autoantibody screening between 2003 and 2012; 384 patients were identified to have LADA. Rates of chronic complications for LADA and type 2 diabetes were compared using a 1 : 2 matched design. Logistic models were fitted to identify the presence of chronic diabetic complications using clinical characteristics including gender, age, duration of diabetes, glycemic control and metabolic syndrome.ResultsWhen duration of diabetes is <5 years, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (nephropathy; 12.2% versus 21.8%, p = 0.018) and diabetic retinopathy (retinopathy; 8.1% versus 15.9%, p = 0.011) were significantly lower in patients with LADA than in patients with type 2 diabetes; the prevalence of nephropathy and retinopathy were comparable between both groups when duration is ≥5 years. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of macrovascular complications between groups. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves based on the nephropathy and retinopathy models were larger for LADA than for type 2 diabetes (0.72 versus 0.61, p = 0.013; 0.76 versus 0.68, p = 0.056).ConclusionsPatients with LADA had a lower prevalence of microvascular complications than patients with type 2 diabetes when the duration of diabetes was <5 years. Regression equation fitted by clinical characteristics can better predict the risk of microvascular complications in LADA than in type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are all species necessary to reveal ecologically important patterns?
Authors: Pos Edwin , Guevara Andino Juan Ernesto , Sabatier Daniel , Molino Jean‐François , Pitman Nigel , Mogollón Hugo , Neill David , Cerón Carlos , Rivas Gonzalo , Di Fiore Anthony , Thomas Raquel , Tirado Milton , Young Kenneth R. , Wang Ophelia , Sierra Rodrigo , García‐Villacorta Roosevelt , Zagt Roderick , Palacios Walter , Aulestia Milton , ter Steege Hans 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWhile studying ecological patterns at large scales, ecologists are often unable to identify all collections, forcing them to either omit these unidentified records entirely, without knowing the effect of this, or pursue very costly and time‐consuming efforts for identifying them. These “indets” may be of critical importance, but as yet, their impact on the reliability of ecological analyses is poorly known. We investigated the consequence of omitting the unidentified records and provide an explanation for the results. We used three large‐scale independent datasets, (Guyana/ Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador) each consisting of records having been identified to a valid species name (identified morpho‐species – IMS) and a number of unidentified records (unidentified morpho‐species – UMS). A subset was created for each dataset containing only the IMS, which was compared with the complete dataset containing all morpho‐species (AMS: = IMS + UMS) for the following analyses: species diversity (Fisher's alpha), similarity of species composition, Mantel test and ordination (NMDS). In addition, we also simulated an even larger number of unidentified records for all three datasets and analyzed the agreement between similarities again with these simulated datasets. For all analyses, results were extremely similar when using the complete datasets or the truncated subsets. IMS predicted ≥91% of the variation in AMS in all tests/analyses. Even when simulating a larger fraction of UMS, IMS predicted the results for AMS rather well. Using only IMS also out‐performed using higher taxon data (genus‐level identification) for similarity analyses. Finding a high congruence for all analyses when using IMS rather than AMS suggests that patterns of similarity and composition are very robust. In other words, having a large number of unidentified species in a dataset may not affect our conclusions as much as is often thought.
Seasonal changes in the body size of two rotifer species living in activated sludge follow the Temperature‐Size Rule
Authors: Kiełbasa Anna , Walczyńska Aleksandra , Fiałkowska Edyta , Pajdak‐Stós Agnieszka , Kozłowski Jan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTemperature‐Size Rule (TSR) is a phenotypic body size response of ectotherms to changing temperature. It is known from the laboratory studies, but seasonal patterns in the field were not studied so far. We examined the body size changes in time of rotifers inhabiting activated sludge. We hypothesize that temperature is the most influencing parameter in sludge environment, leading sludge rotifers to seasonally change their body size according toTSR, and that oxygen content also induces the size response. The presence ofTSRinLecane inermisrotifer was tested in a laboratory study with two temperature and two food‐type treatments. The effect of interaction between temperature and food was significant;L. inermisfollowedTSRin one food type only. The seasonal variability in the body sizes of the rotifersL. inermisandCephalodella graciliswas estimated by monthly sampling and analyzed by multiple regression, in relation to the sludge parameters selected as the most influential by multivariate analysis, and predicted to alter rotifer body size (temperature and oxygen).L. inermisvaried significantly in size throughout the year, and this variability is explained by temperature as predicted by theTSR, but not by oxygen availability.C. gracilisalso varied in size, though this variability was explained by both temperature and oxygen. We suggest that sludge age acts as a mortality factor in activated sludge. It may have a seasonal effect on the body size ofL. inermisand modify a possible effect of oxygen. Activated sludge habitat is driven by both biological processes and human regulation, yet its resident organisms follow general evolutionary rule as they do in other biological systems. The interspecific response patterns differ, revealing the importance of taking species‐specific properties into account. Our findings are applicable to sludge properties enhancement through optimizing the conditions for its biological component.
The potential for arms race and Red Queen coevolution in a protist host–parasite system
Authors: Råberg Lars , Alacid Elisabet , Garces Esther , Figueroa Rosa 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe dynamics and consequences of host–parasite coevolution depend on the nature of host genotype‐by‐parasite genotype interactions (G × G) for host and parasite fitness. G × G with crossing reaction norms can yield cyclic dynamics of allele frequencies (“Red Queen” dynamics) while G × G where the variance among host genotypes differs between parasite genotypes results in selective sweeps (“arms race” dynamics). Here, we investigate the relative potential for arms race and Red Queen coevolution in a protist host–parasite system, the dinoflagellateAlexandrium minutumand its parasiteParvilucifera sinerae. We challenged nine different clones ofA. minutumwith 10 clones ofP. sineraein a fully factorial design and measured infection success and host and parasite fitness. Each host genotype was successfully infected by four to ten of the parasite genotypes. There were strong G × Gs for infection success, as well as both host and parasite fitness. About three quarters of the G × G variance components for host and parasite fitness were due to crossing reaction norms. There were no general costs of resistance or infectivity. We conclude that there is high potential for Red Queen dynamics in this host–parasite system.
Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Properties of a Ferrocene‐Based Difluoropyrrolo‐Oxaborole Derivative
Authors: Benniston Andrew C. , Sirbu Dumitru , Turta Constantin , Probert Michael R. , Clegg William 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReaction of 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarbonyl chloride with 3‐ethyl‐2,4‐dimethylpyrrole in DCM produced the half‐way product, namely, the ferrocene bis(2‐ketopyrrole) derivative 2 and not the expected bis(dipyrromethene) compound. The 2‐ketopyrrole compound readily reacted with BF3·Et2O to produce the bis(difluoropyrrolo)‐oxaborole compound, FBF, as a red/brown solid which was characterised by X‐ray crystallography. 57Fe Mössbauer spectra for 2 and FBF were consistent with low‐spin iron(II) (d6) ferrocene derivatives. A cyclic voltammogram for 2 in acetonitrile revealed a reversible wave at +0.31 V vs. Fc+/Fc (ferrocene‐based) and an irreversible wave at –2.38 V vs. Fc+/Fc (ketopyrrole‐based). The electrochemical behaviour is severely perturbed by the chelation of the BF2 groups. Alterations to the electronic properties of 2 by formation of FBF are also evident in the absorption profiles. DFT calculations [B3PW91, 6‐31G(3df)] support the observed changes in the electrochemistry findings and the Mössbauer spectroscopic data.
Organocatalytic α‐Addition of Isocyanides to Aldehydes
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Hirose Tomoyasu , Ōmura Satoshi , Sunazuka Toshiaki 
Published: December 2014

Abstractα‐Hydroxyamide is an important chemical component widely observed in biologically active natural products. One of the most direct methods to access a α‐hydroxyamide is the Passerini‐type reaction. However, this catalytic process was limited. Herein, we report the first examples of 3,5,6‐trifluoro‐2‐pyridone‐catalyzed α‐addition of isocyanides to aldehydes, in the presence of water in benzene, to provide α‐hydroxyamides. Various aldehydes and isocyanides performed well in this reaction to provide the α‐hydroxyamides. Even highly constrained substrates were well tolerated. The reaction is not restricted by requirements of either inconvenient temperature control, inert atmosphere or dry solvent. The new catalytic reaction may open the way to development of asymmetric organocatalytic α‐addition of isocyanides.
Ice storms, tree throw, and hillslope sediment transport in northern hardwood forests
Authors: Hellmer Mark C. , Rios Bernardo A. , Ouimet William B. , Sibley Thomas R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn December 2008, 694 trees uprooted within a 108 ha (1·08 km2) watershed in central Massachusetts due to a severe ice storm, resulting in the displacement of ~1300 m3 of root material, unconsolidated sediment, and fractured bedrock. Overall, we find that uprooting and tree throw is often grouped in clusters and cascades; conifers displace more material than deciduous trees; areas with abundant mature hemlock and steep slopes are more susceptible to tree throw, with clusters as dense as 125 per hectare; and failure is predominantly downhill, suggesting that ice storms promote efficient downslope hillslope sediment transport in northern hardwood forests. Combining the recurrence interval of severe storms in New England (20–75 years) with the forest response presented here, we calculate a sediment transport rate of 2–5 × 10−5 m3 m−1 a−1 averaged over the entire watershed. Forest susceptibility to tree throw differed based on location in the watershed; some areas experienced up to ~30× higher than average sediment transport rates, while others experienced no tree throw. Two severe storms following the 2008 ice storm (hurricane in 2011; snow storm in October 2012) did not result in significant tree throw within the study area, highlighting that the coupling of storm severity and forest susceptibility controls the amount of tree throw during a given forest disturbance. In addition to recent tree throw from the 2008 ice storm, widespread pit and mound microtopography in the study area indicates that tree throw is a recurrent process in this landscape. Two factors emerge that will influence future ice storms related hillslope sediment transport in the steep forested hillslopes of New England: regional climate gradients and changing climate determine the size, intensity and recurrence of ice storms; forest management practices and health control the tree age and type. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability of a beverage made from malted and fermented cereal: case of gowe from Benin
Authors: Adinsi Laurent , Akissoé Noël H. , Dalodé‐Vieira Générose , Anihouvi Victor B. , Fliedel Geneviève , Mestres Christian , Hounhouigan Joseph D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSensory profile of gowe beverage was established with 10 gowe samples by 22 semitrained panelists. Besides, consumer study was performed on four representative gowe samples with 141 African ordinary consumers using a modified quantitative descriptive analysis. Gowe samples significantly differed (P < 0.05) with respect to all the sensory attributes, except for cereal odor and cereal taste (P > 0.05). The principal component analysis plot revealed the effects of raw material and process: Sorghum gowe was differently scored from maize gowe samples (P < 0.05). Gowe types from saccharification step (SSaF, SSaSF) evidenced higher scores with respect to fermented odor (41.7) and acidic taste (47.9), while those without saccharification had lower scores of fermented odor and acidic taste, with values of 18.4 and 16.9, respectively. No significant difference was evidenced with respect to the addition of “non malted flour” before or after saccharification. Regarding consumer testing, three distinct patterns of consumer acceptability were observed, which were grouped as “Sugary gowe likers” (63.1% of consumers) followed by “Sugary and saccharified sorghum gowe likers” (20.6%) and “Pure maize gowe dislikers” (16.3%). Irrespective of the consumers cluster, saccharified malted sorghum gowe without sugar was the unique sample scored more than 6 over 9.
Management of tumors arising from the parapharyngeal space: A systematic review of 1,293 cases reported over 25 years
Authors: Kuet Mong‐Loon , Kasbekar Anand V. , Masterson Liam , Jani Piyush 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesWe present a systematic review of 1,252 lesions published in the past 25 years, the largest to date. We also include our own experience of 41 cases.Data SourcesOur data sources were MEDLINE and Embase databases.Review MethodsA systematic review of the literature (1988–2014) was performed and data on histological diagnosis, presentation, surgical approach, and postoperative complications were reviewed.ResultsIn total, 22 studies (including our own institution) revealed 82% of lesions were benign. The most common presentation was an intraoral mass (52%) followed by a cervical mass (48%), and the most common primary lesion was a pleomorphic adenoma (29%). Ninety‐six percent of patients underwent surgery. The cervical approach was most frequently used (46%), and the most common complication was vagus nerve injury (13%). Within our institution, 5‐year progression‐free survival for benign and malignant disease was 93% and 61%, respectively (P = .196).ConclusionsA parapharyngeal space mass is an uncommon tumor and requires careful preoperative assessment. Definitive treatment is usually surgery, and these patients should be counseled appropriately about the potential for permanent cranial nerve deficits.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:1372–1381, 2015
Tumoral TP53 and/or CDKN2A alterations are not reliable prognostic biomarkers in patients with localized Ewing sarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Lerman Daniel M. , Monument Michael J. , McIlvaine Elizabeth , Liu Xiao‐qiong , Huang Dali , Monovich Laura , Beeler Natalie , Gorlick Richard G. , Marina Neyssa M. , Womer Richard B. , Bridge Julia A. , Krailo Mark D. , Randall R. Lor , Lessnick Stephen L. ,   for the Children's Oncology Group Ewing Sarcoma Biology Committee
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundA growing collection of retrospective studies have suggested that TP53 mutations and/or CDKN2A deletions have prognostic significance in Ewing sarcoma. We sought to evaluate these variables in patients with localized disease treated prospectively on a single Children's Oncology Group protocol.ProcedureOf the 568 patients enrolled on Children's Oncology Group protocol AEWS0031 (NCT00006734), 112 had tumor specimens of sufficient quality and quantity to allow for analysis of TP53 mutations status by DNA sequencing, and CDKN2A deletion by dual color fluorescent in situ hybridization.ResultsEight of 93 cases (8.6%) were found to have TP53 point mutations and 12 of 107 cases (11.2%) demonstrated homozygous CDKN2A deletion. Two cases were found to have an alteration in both genes. There was no significant difference in event‐free survival of patients with TP53 mutations and/or CDKN2A deletions compared to patients with normal TP53/CDKN2A gene status, as demonstrated by log rank test (p = 0.58).ConclusionsAlthough previous retrospective studies suggest their significance, TP53 mutation and/or CDKN2A deletion are not reliable prognostic biomarkers in localized Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:759–765. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Differentiation and Quality Evaluation of Commercial Asian and American Ginsengs based on a UHPLC–QTOF/MS/MS Metabolomics Approach
Authors: Chen Yujie , Zhao Zhongzhen , Chen Hubiao , Yi Tao , Qin Minjian , Liang Zhitao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIntroductionAsian and American ginsengs are widely used medicinal materials and are being used more and more in health products. The two materials look alike but function differently. Various forms of both types of ginseng are found in the market, causing confusion for consumers in their choice.ObjectiveTo evaluate the overall quality of commercial Asian and American ginsengs and investigate the characteristic chemical markers for differentiating between them.MethodsThis article investigated 17 Asian and 21 American ginseng samples using an ultra‐HPLC combined with quadrupole time‐of‐flight MS/MS technique. The data were processed by principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis.ResultsIn the chromatograms, a total of 40 peaks were detected. Among them, six were positively identified, and all of the remainder were tentatively identified. According to statistical results, ginsenosides Rf, Rb2 and Rc together with their isomers and derivatives were more likely to be present in Asian ginsengs, whereas ginsenoside Rb1, pseudoginsenoside F11 and ginsenoside Rd together with their isomers and derivatives tended to be present in American ginsengs. For Asian ginsengs, ginsenoside Ra3 and 20‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐ginsenoside‐Rf were more likely to be present in forest samples, whereas contents of floralquinquenoside B, ginsenosides Ro and Rc, and zingibroside R1 were higher in sun‐dried ginsengs. For American ginseng, wild samples often had more of the notoginsenosides R1 and Rw2 and less of the ginsenosides Rd, Rd isomer and 20 (S)‐Rg3 than cultivated samples.ConclusionThe method provided important fingerprint information for authentication and evaluation of Asian and American ginsengs from various commercial products. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.