bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process antecedents of challenging, under‐cover and readily‐adopted innovations
Authors: Adams Richard , Tranfield David , Denyer David 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to test the utility of a taxonomy of innovation based on perceived characteristics in the context of healthcare by exploring the extent to which discrete innovation types could be distinguished from each other in terms of process antecedents.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was adopted to explore the process antecedents of nine exemplar cases of “challenging”, “under‐cover” and “readily‐adopted” healthcare innovations. Data were collected by semi‐structured interview and from secondary sources, and content analysed according to a theoretically informed framework of innovation process. Cluster analysis was applied to determine whether innovation types could be distinguished on the basis of process characteristics.FindingsThe findings provide moderate support for the proposition that innovations differentiated on the basis of the way they are perceived by potential users exhibit different process characteristics. Innovations exhibiting characteristics previously believed negatively to impact adoption may be successfully adopted but by a different configuration of processes than by innovations exhibiting a different set of characteristics.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings must be treated with caution because the sample consists of self‐selected cases of successful innovation and is limited by sample size. Nevertheless, the study sheds new light on important process differences in healthcare innovation.Practical implicationsThe paper offers a heuristic device to aid clinicians and managers to better understand the relatively novel task of promoting and managing innovation in healthcare. The paper advances the argument that there is under‐exploited opportunity for cross‐disciplinary organisational learning for innovation management in the NHS. If efficiency and quality improvement targets are to be met through a strategy of encouraging innovation, it may be advantageous for clinicians and managers to reflect on what this study found mostly to be absent from the processes of the innovations studied, notably management commitment in the form of norms, resource allocation and top management support.Originality/valueThis paper is based on original empirical work. It extends previous adoption related studies by applying a configurational approach to innovation attributes to offer new insights on healthcare innovation and highlight the importance of attention to process.
Structuring agency
Authors: Payne Julianne , Leiter Jeffrey 
Published: March 2013

PurposeSince the 1970s, the healthcare industry has undergone significant changes. Using neo‐institutional and resource dependency theories, the purpose of this paper is to explore how managers perceive constraint and enact agency amidst these historic challenges – perhaps most significantly, declining funding and increasing regulation.Design/methodology/approachThe data come from ten interviews with healthcare managers, spanning for‐profit, non‐profit, and government legal forms and hospital and nursing home sub‐industries in both Queensland, Australia and North Carolina, USA. The authors look for patterns across the interviews.FindingsThe paper shows that governments and umbrella “parent” organizations force managers to adhere to institutional expectations in exchange for resource investment. Managers navigate these environmental obstacles using a shared business‐minded approach and competitive differentiation. Yet various interest groups – including front‐line workers, physicians, and patients – challenge this paradigm, as they demand a focus on quality of care. Managers' efforts are likewise curbed by the very resource and institutional pressures they resist.Originality/valueThe authors understand changes in the healthcare industry as resulting from an increasingly powerful managerial logic, at odds with traditional professional and societal values. Interest groups are best positioned to challenge this logic.
Risk of cardiovascular disease after pre‐eclampsia and the effect of lifestyle interventions: a literature‐based study
Authors: Berks D , Hoedjes M , Raat H , Duvekot JJ , Steegers EAP , Habbema JDF 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThis study addresses the following questions. Do cardiovascular risk factors fully explain the odds ratio of cardiovascular risk after pre‐eclampsia? What is the effect of lifestyle interventions (exercise, diet, and smoking cessation) after pre‐eclampsia on the risk of cardiovascular disease?DesignLiterature‐based study.SettingN/A.Population or SampleN/A.MethodsData for the calculations were taken from studies identified by PubMed searches. First, the differences in cardiovascular risk factors after pre‐eclampsia compared with an uncomplicated pregnancy were estimated. Second, the effects of lifestyle interventions on cardiovascular risk were estimated. Validated risk prediction models were used to translate these results into cardiovascular risk.ResultsAfter correction for known cardiovascular risk factors, the odds ratios of pre‐eclampsia for ischaemic heart disease and for stroke are 1.89 (IQR 1.76–1.98) and 1.55 (IQR 1.40–1.71), respectively. After pre‐eclampsia, lifestyle interventions on exercise, dietary habits, and smoking cessation decrease cardiovascular risk, with an odds ratio of 0.91 (IQR 0.87–0.96).ConclusionsCardiovascular risk factors do not fully explain the risk of cardiovascular disease after pre‐eclampsia. The gap between estimated and observed odds ratios may be explained by an additive risk of cardiovascular disease by pre‐eclampsia. Furthermore, lifestyle interventions after pre‐eclampsia seem to be effective in decreasing cardiovascular risk. Future research is needed to overcome the numerous assumptions we had to make in our calculations.
The epidemiology of self‐reported intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding in the perimenopausal years
Authors: Shapley M , Blagojevic‐Bucknall M , Jordan KP , Croft PR 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo obtain estimates of the rates of occurrence and spontaneous resolution of intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding, and investigate any association with underlying malignancy.DesignTwo‐year prospective cohort study with medical record review during the survey period, and for the subsequent 2 years.SettingSeven general practices with 67 100 registered patients.PopulationAll women aged 40–54 years on the practices age–sex registers.MethodsBaseline postal questionnaire, with follow‐up questionnaires sent to naturally menstruating respondents at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Medical record review using computerised searches from baseline to 48 months.Main outcome measuresPrevalence and incidence of intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding, and rate of spontaneous resolution.ResultsA total of 7121 baseline questionnaires were sent out, with an initial response rate of 66%. A total of 2104 naturally menstruating women were recruited for the prospective cohort study. The 2–year cumulative incidence of intermenstrual bleeding was 24% (95% CI 21–27%), and that of postcoital bleeding was 7.7% (95% CI 6.2–9.5%). The rates of spontaneous resolution without recurrence for 2 years were 37% (95% CI 29–45) and 51% (95% CI 40–62), respectively. Of the 785 women identified with intermenstrual and/or postcoital bleeding, only one developed uterine cancer.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence, incidence, and spontaneous rate of resolution of intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding in naturally menstruating women during the perimenopausal years. The association of these symptoms with malignancy is weak. This is of importance to women in deciding when to consult and to those devising public health campaigns concerning symptoms of possible oncological significance.
Cost‐effectiveness of induction of labour at term with aFoley catheter compared to vaginal prostaglandin E2gel (PROBAATtrial)
Authors: van Baaren GJ , Jozwiak M , Opmeer BC , Oude Rengerink K , Benthem M , Dijksterhuis MGK , van Huizen ME , van der Salm PCM , Schuitemaker NWE , Papatsonis DNM , Perquin DAM , Porath M , van der Post JAM , Rijnders RJP , Scheepers HCJ , Spaanderman M , van Pampus MG , de Leeuw JW , Mol BWJ , Bloemenkamp KWM 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the economic consequences of labour induction withFoley catheter compared to prostaglandin E2gel.DesignEconomic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial.SettingObstetric departments of one university and 11 teaching hospitals in theNetherlands.PopulationWomen scheduled for labour induction with a singleton pregnancy in cephalic presentation at term, intact membranes and an unfavourable cervix; and without previous caesarean section.MethodsCost‐effectiveness analysis from a hospital perspective.Main outcome measuresWe estimated direct medical costs associated with healthcare utilisation from randomisation to 6 weeks postpartum. For caesarean section rate, and maternal and neonatal morbidity we calculated the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios, which represent the costs to prevent one of these adverse outcomes.ResultsMean costs per woman in theFoley catheter group (n = 411) and in the prostaglandin E2gel group (n = 408), were €3297 versus €3075, respectively, with an average difference of €222 (95% confidence interval −€157 to €633). In theFoley catheter group we observed higher costs due to longer labour ward occupation and less cost related to induction material and neonatal admissions.Foley catheter induction showed a comparable caesarean section rate compared with prostaglandin induction, therefore the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was not informative.Foley induction resulted in fewer neonatal admissions (incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio €2708) and asphyxia/postpartum haemorrhage (incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios €5257) compared with prostaglandin induction.ConclusionsFoley catheter and prostaglandin E2labour induction generate comparable costs.
From doubly labelled water to half‐life; validating radio‐isotopic rubidium turnover to measure metabolism in small vertebrates
Authors: Tomlinson Sean , Maloney Shane K. , Withers Philip C. , Voigt Christian C. , Cruz‐Neto Ariovaldo P. 
Published: March 2013

Summary

The doubly labelled water method (DLW) is widely used to measure field metabolic rate (FMR), but it has some limitations. Here, we validate an innovative technique for measuring FMR by comparing the turnover of isotopic rubidium (86Rb kb) with DLW depletion and the rate of CO2 production () measured by flow‐through respirometry (FTR) for two dunnart species (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae), Sminthopsis macroura (17 g) and Sminthopsis ooldea (10 g).

The rate of metabolism as assessed by (FTR) and 86Rb kb was significantly correlated for both species (S. macroura, r2 = 0·81, P = 1·19 × 10−5; S. ooldea, r2 = 0·63, P = 3·84 × 10−4), as was from FTR and DLW for S. macroura (r2 = 0·43, P = 0·039), but not for S. ooldea (r2 = 0·29, P = 0·168). There was no relationship between from DLW and 86Rb kb for either species (S. macroura r2 = 0·22, P = 0·169; S. ooldea r2 = 0·21, P = 0·253). We conclude that 86Rb kb provided useful estimates of metabolic rate for dunnarts.

Meta‐analysis provided different linear relationships between and 86Rb kb for endotherms and ectotherms, suggesting different proportionalities between metabolic rate and 86Rb kb for different taxa. Understanding the mechanistic basis for this correlation might provide useful insights into the cause of these taxonomic differences in the proportionality. At present, it is essential that the relationship between metabolic rate and 86Rb kb be validated for each taxon of interest.

The advantages of the 86Rb technique over DLW include lower equipment requirements and technical expertise, and the longer time span over which measurements can be made. The 86Rb method might be particularly useful for estimating FMR of groups for which the assumptions of the DLW technique are compromised (e.g. amphibians, diving species and fossorial species), and groups that are practically challenging for DLW studies (e.g. insects).
“Not to Be Aware Anymore”: Indigenous Sumatran Ideas and Shamanic Experiences of Changed States of Awareness/Consciousness
Authors: Porath Nathan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAnthropologists working on altered states of consciousness (ASC) have suggested that we should do away with psychologizing concepts and use people's own terms for these experiences. With material drawn from the Orang Sakai of Sumatra this paper shows that practitioners who utilizeASCdo recognize the alteration of states of awareness as preconditions for numinous interactions. Also critically discussed is the termASC.
Conflict monitoring and adaptation in individuals at familial risk for developing bipolar disorder
Authors: Patino Luis R , Adler Caleb M , Mills Neil P , Strakowski Stephen M , Fleck David E , Welge Jeffrey A , DelBello Melissa P 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo examine conflict monitoring and conflict‐driven adaptation in individuals at familial risk for developing bipolar disorder.MethodsWe recruited 24 adolescents who had a parent with bipolar disorder and 23 adolescents with healthy parents. Participants completed an arrow version of the Eriksen Flanker Task that included trials with three levels of conflict: neutral, congruent, and incongruent flanks. Differences in performance were explored based upon the level of conflict in the current and previous trials.ResultsIndividuals at risk for developing bipolar disorder performed more slowly than youth with healthy parents in all trials. Analyses evaluating sequential effects revealed that at‐risk subjects responded more slowly than youth of healthy parents for all trial types when preceded by an incongruent trial, for incongruent trials preceded by congruent trials, and for neutral and congruent trials when preceded by neutral trials. In contrast to the comparison group, at‐risk adolescents failed to display a response time advantage for incongruent trials preceded by an incongruent trial. When removing subjects with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), differences between groups in response time fell below significant level, but a difference in sequence modulation remained significant. Subjects at risk for bipolar disorder also displayed greater intra‐subject response time variability for incongruent and congruent trials compared with the comparison adolescents. No differences in response accuracy were observed between groups.ConclusionsAdolescents at risk for developing bipolar disorder displayed specific deficits in cognitive flexibility, which might be useful as a potential marker related to the development of bipolar disorder.
Evaluation of Hypoglycemic and Antioxidative Effects of Synthesized Peptide MC62
Authors: Yang Baowei , Chen Wei , Jin Jing , Mei Yicheng , Wang Xuekun , Chen Hong , Yan Sijia , Ru Meng , Gu Guolong , Deng Xin , Qian Hai , Huang Wenlong 
Published: March 2013

Diabetes mellitus has been considered as a major health problem in the world today. This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of peptide MC62 which was synthesized by solid‐phase peptide synthesis method against diabetes induced by streptozotocin. MC62 was administered daily and injected intraperitoneally to the diabetic mice at a dose of 1 μmol/kg body weight for 20 days. The levels of fasting blood glucose and HbA1C, pancreatic islet damage, and associated changes in antioxidative activities were evaluated in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice used the exenatide as positive control. After the administration of MC62 together with exenatide for 20 days, the elevated fasting blood glucose and HbA1C levels were reduced, and antioxidative activities were restored. It was confirmed with the histological finding that MC62 prevented the islet from damage in diabetic mice. This indicated that MC62 can prevent mice from hyperglycemia which may be associated with oxidative stress. It also suggested that MC62 could be used as a safe alternative hypoglycemic candidate for treatment of diabetes.
Vascular and Neuronal Protection Induced by the Ocular Administration of Nerve Growth Factor in Diabetic‐Induced Rat Encephalopathy
Authors: Tirassa Paola , Maccarone Mattia , Florenzano Fulvio , Cartolano Sara , De Nicolò Sara 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundBased on our previous findings on the efficacy of ocular applied nerve growth factor as eye drops (oNGF) to act in brain and counteract neuronal damage, we hypothesized that oNGF treatment might revert neuronal atrophy occurring in diabetic brain also by controlling neurotrophin system changes. The major NGF brain target areas, such as the septum and the hippocampus, were used as an experimental paradigma to test this hypothesis.MethodsBilateral oNGF treatment was performed twice a day for 2 weeks in full‐blown streptozotocin‐treated adult male rats. The forebrain distribution of cholinergic and endothelial cell markers and NGF receptors were studied by confocal microscopy. The septo‐hippocampal content of NGF mature and precursor form and NGF receptors expression were also analyzed by Elisa and Western blot.ResultsoNGF treatment recovers the morphological alterations and the neuronal atrophy in septum and normalized the expression of mature and pro‐NGF, as well as NGF receptors in the septum and hippocampus of diabetic rats. In addition, oNGF stimulated brain vascularization and up‐regulated the TRKA receptor in vessel endothelium.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that reduced availability of mature NGF and NGF signaling impairment favors vascular and neuronal alterations in diabetic septo‐hippocampal areas and corroborate the ability of oNGF to act as a neuroprotective agent in brain.
The impact of C4d and microvascular inflammation before we knew them
Authors: Verghese Priya , Dunn Ty , Najafian Behzad , Kim Youngki , Matas Arthur 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIt is important to identify prognostically important morphologic criteria in post‐transplant management to tailor therapy and improve outcomes. Therefore, using biopsies carried out for cause <1‐yr post‐transplant, from an era when C4d staining and microvascular inflammation (MVI) were not clinically utilized, we studied the importance of C4d and MVI on graft survival. Snap‐frozen first renal allograft biopsy specimens (done for cause) in the first post‐transplant year from 1996 to 2001 were stained/examined for C4d, and pathology re‐examined by a separate blinded pathologist. Graft outcomes in patients with and without MVI and/or C4d were compared.Of 128 patients, 39 (30.5%) biopsies were C4d+ and 89 (69.5%) were C4d−; 67 (52.3%) had no MVI (MVI−) while 61 (47.7%) had glomerulitis, peritubular capillaritis, or both (MVI+). There were no significant demographic differences between MVI+ and MVI− patients. A greater proportion of C4d+ biopsies was MVI+ (67%) than MVI− (33%; p = 0.004). C4d positivity had no impact on death‐censored graft survival (DCGS). In contrast DCGS was worse in MVI+ than MVI− regardless of presence/absence of C4d (p = 0.005).In biopsies for cause carried out <1‐yr post‐transplant, MVI is associated with decreased DCGS, independent of the presence of C4d.
Recent population declines in Afro‐Palaearctic migratory birds: the influence of breeding and non‐breeding seasons
Authors: Morrison Catriona A. , Robinson Robert A. , Clark Jacquie A. , Risely Kate , Gill Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimRecent, rapid population declines in many Afro‐Palaearctic migratory bird species have focussed attention on changing conditions within Africa. However, processes influencing population change can operate throughout the annual cycle and throughout migratory ranges. Here, we explore the evidence for impacts of breeding and non‐breeding conditions on population trends of British breeding birds of varying migratory status and wintering ecology.LocationGreat Britain (England & Scotland).MethodsWithin‐ and between‐species variation in population trends is quantified for 46 bird species with differing migration strategies.ResultsBetween 1994 and 2007, rates of population change in Scotland and England differed significantly for 19 resident and 15 long‐distance migrant species, but were similar for 12 short‐distance migrant species. Of the six long‐distance migrant species that winter in the arid zone of Africa, five are increasing in abundance throughout Britain. In contrast, the seven species wintering in the humid zone of Africa are all declining in England, but five of these are increasing in Scotland. Consequently, populations of both arid and humid zone species are increasing significantly faster in Scotland than England, and only the English breeding populations of species wintering in the humid zone are declining.Main conclusionsPopulation declines in long‐distance migrants, especially those wintering in the humid zone, but not residents or short‐distance migrants suggest an influence of non‐breeding season conditions on population trends. However, the consistently less favourable population trends in England than Scotland of long‐distance migrant and resident species strongly suggest that variation in the quality of breeding grounds is influencing recent population changes. The declines in humid zone species in England, but not Scotland, may result from poorer breeding conditions in England exacerbating the impacts of non‐breeding conditions or the costs associated with a longer migration, while better conditions in Scotland may be buffering these impacts.
Progression to insulin for patients with diabetes mellitus on dual oral antidiabetic therapy using the US Department of Defense Database
Authors: Rascati K. , Richards K. , Lopez D. , Cheng L.‐I. , Wilson J. 
Published: March 2013

AimTo compare ‘progression to insulin’ for three cohorts on oral antidiabetic medication combinations: metformin/sulphonylurea (Met/SU), metformin/thiazolidinedione (Met/TZD) and sulphonylurea/thiazolidinedione (SU/TZD).MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis design was used. The subjects were US nationwide members of military and their families. A total of 5608 patients who were on antidiabetic monotherapy for at least 1 year before adding a second agent to their medication regimen between October 2001 and September 2008 participated in this study. Mean age ranged from 64 to 71 years among the cohorts. Cox regression compared the progression to insulin, adjusting for demographics, months of follow‐up and co‐morbidities [measured with Chronic Disease Score (CDS)].ResultsBy the end of the 2‐ to 6‐year follow‐up period, 14.3% of the Met/TZD cohort, 23.6% of the Met/SU cohort and 28.2% of the SU/TZD cohort had insulin added to their regimen. Those in the Met/SU cohort had a 1.8 times higher probability of progression to insulin than those in the Met/TZD cohort [odds ratio (OR) = 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.51–2.14), and those in the SU/TZD cohort had a 2.5 times higher probability of progression to insulin than those in the Met/TZD cohort (OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 2.04–3.08).ConclusionWhen sensitizers were paired (Met/TZD), a lower percentage of patients progressed to insulin during the study period, as opposed to patients who used a combination of a secretagogue with a sensitizer (SU/TZD or Met/SU).