bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different salts on dewatering and properties of yellowtail barracuda surimi
Authors: Lertwittayanon Kosol , Benjakul Soottawat , Maqsood Sajid , Encarnacion Angel B 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Washing is an important process for surimi production, in which undesirable components in fish mince are removed, while myofibrillar proteins are concentrated. However, dewatering is less effective for some fish species. The use of appropriate salt can be a means to increase dewatering and simultaneously improve the gelling property of surimi. The impact of 0.45% NaCl containing CaCl2 or MgCl2 at various levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 mM) as the third washing media on dewatering of washed mince and gel-forming ability of surimi produced from yellowtail barracuda (Sphyraena flavicauda) was investigated. When CaCl2 or MgCl2 was incorporated into the washing media, the contents of Ca or Mg ions in washed mince increased (p < 0.05), whereas the pH of washed mince slightly decreased (p < 0.05). At the same concentration, a higher dewatering of mince was observed when CaCl2 was used, compared with MgCl2 (p < 0.05). Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the stability of myosin decreased when higher concentrations of both salts were used (p < 0.05), while no difference in the stability of actin was obtained. Washing mince with 0.45% NaCl containing 20 mM MgCl2 yielded increases in breaking force of the gel of resulting surimi for both one-step and two-step heating processes by 46% and 33%, respectively, compared with the control (without CaCl2 or MgCl2 incorporation in washing media). The whiteness of the gel slightly decreased when the mince was washed with MgCl2 (p < 0.05). Microstructure revealed that a gel possessing a fine network with improved water-holding capacity was formed when the third media containing 0.45% NaCl and 20 mM MgCl2 was used. The use of 0.45% NaCl containing 20 mM MgCl2 was recommended to increase dewatering efficacy and improve gel strength of surimi from yellowtail barracuda by rendering a fine and ordered gel network.
High Performance Computing (HPC) Wales and the Next Generation Workforce: Strategies to Ensure Propagation
Authors: Redfern Laura M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTHigh Performance Computing (HPC) Wales was launched in 2010 as a five year joint venture between Wales’ six Universities, working in partnership with a variety of academic and industrial stakeholders and funded by the EU, UK and Welsh Governments. The aim of HPC Wales is to deliver a pan-Wales HPC infrastructure: primarily to assist with economic regeneration in the Principality of Wales (which has a population of approximately 3.6 million) through the up-skilling of individuals and by promoting uptake of HPC in Welsh businesses, but also open to collaborations from outside Wales. It is the first national service of its kind in Europe.In order to encourage the uptake of HPC into small and medium sized enterprises (of up to 250 staff) in Wales, and for HPC Wales itself to become a sustainable business, the development of a strong skills base is vital. Successful delivery will be marked by the successful upskilling of individuals via accredited training programmes, and through outreach and engagement activities. Recognising that a significant amount of upskilling is required, further work is being undertaken by HPC Wales to develop workflows which can help to simplify the HPC job submission process for the end user. This will make it possible for businesses to achieve results without their needing to acquire a high level of specialist HPC skills in the short term.At a mid-point in this ambitious venture, this paper examines the strategies being developed by HPC Wales which will help to ensure propagation throughout the educational chain so that the requisite skills and workflows are in place which will benefit the next-generation workforce. Through this, HPC Wales hopes to assist in the overall advancement of scientific discovery which will, in turn, help Welsh businesses to become more competitive in the global marketplace.
Alachlor and Bentazone Losses from Subsurface Drainage of Two Soils
Authors: Dousset S. , Babut M. , Andreux F. , Schiavon M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAtrazine (6‐chloro‐N2–ethyl‐N4–isopropyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine) is frequently detected at high concentrations in ground water. Bentazone [3‐isopropyl‐1H‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazin‐4(3H)‐one 2,2‐dioxide] plus alachlor (2‐chloro‐2′,6′‐diethyl‐N‐methoxymethylacetanilide) is a potential herbicide combination used as a substitute for atrazine. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the environmental risk of this blend. Drainage water contamination by bentazone and alachlor was assessed in silty clay (Vertic Eutrochrept) and silt loam (Aquic Hapludalf) soils under the same management and climatic conditions. Drainage volumes and concentrations of alachlor and bentazone were monitored after application. Herbicides first arrived at the drains after less than 1 cm of net drainage. This is consistent with preferential flow and suggests that about 3% of the pore volume was active in rapid transport. During the monitoring periods, bentazone losses were higher (0.11–2.40% of the applied amount) than alachlor losses (0.00–0.28%) in the drains of the silty clay and silt loam. The rank order of herbicide mass losses corresponded with the rank order of herbicide adsorption coefficients. More herbicide residues were detected in drainage from the silty clay, probably due to preferential flow and more intensive drainage in this soil than the silt loam. Surprisingly, herbicide losses were higher in the drains of both soils in the drier of the two study years. This could be explained by the time intervals between the treatments and first drainage events, which were longer in the wetter year. Results suggest that the drainage phases occurred by preferential flow in the spring–summer period, with correspondingly fast leaching of herbicides, and by matrix flow during the fall–winter period, with slower herbicide migration.
Determination of Phosphorus Source Coefficients for Organic Phosphorus Sources
Authors: Leytem A. B. , Sims J. T. , Coale F. J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTPhosphorus losses in runoff from application of manures and biosolids to agricultural land are implicated in the degradation of water quality in the Chesapeake and Delaware Inland Bays. We conducted an incubation study to determine the relative P solubility and bioavailability, referred to as P source coefficients (PSCs), for organic P sources, which are typically land‐applied in the Mid‐Atlantic USA. Nine organic and one inorganic (KH2PO4) P amendments were applied to an Evesboro loamy sand (mesic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments) at a rate of 60 mg P kg−1 and incubated for 8 wk with subsamples analyzed at 2 and 8 wk. There was an increase in Mehlich‐3 P (M3‐P), water‐soluble P (WS‐P), iron‐oxide strip extractable P (FeO‐P), and Mehlich‐3 P saturation ratio (M3‐PSR) with P additions, which varied by P source. The trend of relative extractable WS‐P, FeO‐P, and M3‐P generally followed the pattern: inorganic P > liquid and deep pit manures > manures and biosolids treated with metal salts or composted. We found significant differences in the availability of P from varying organic P sources. The use of PSCs may be beneficial when determining the risk of P losses from land application of manures and other organic P sources and could be used in risk assessments such as a P site index. These PSCs may also be useful for determining P application rates when organic P sources are applied to P deficient soils for use as a fertilizer source.
Ammonia Emissions from Swine Houses in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Harper Lowry A. , Sharpe Ron R. , Simmons John D. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAmmonia (NH3) from confined animal feeding operations is emitted from several sources including lagoons, field applications, and houses. This paper presents studies that were conducted to evaluate NH3 emissions from swine finisher and sow animal houses in the southeastern USA. Management and climate variables including animal weight, feed consumption, housing gutter water temperature, total time fans operated per day, house air temperature, house ambient NH3 concentration, and animal numbers were measured to determine their individual and combined effect on NH3 emissions. Ammonia emissions varied on daily and seasonal bases with higher emissions during warmer periods. For finishers, the summertime housing emissions on a per‐animal basis were 2.4 times higher than wintertime (7.0 vs. 3.3 g NH3 animal−1 d−1) or 3.2 times higher when compared on an animal unit (AU) basis (1 AU = 500 kg) because of climate and animal size differences between measurement periods. For summertime, the emission factor for the finishing pigs was 7.8 times higher than for sows on an animal basis and 25.6 times higher on an AU basis. Simple models were developed for housing emissions based on (i) all measured factors that were independent of each other and (ii) on three commonly measured management factors. The two models explained 97 and 64%, respectively, of variations in emissions. Ammonia emissions were found to be somewhat less than other studies on the same type housing due to more representative housing concentration measurements and calibration of exhaust fans; thus, emission factors for these type houses will be less than previously thought.
Fate of Colloidal‐Particulate Elemental Selenium in Aquatic Systems
Authors: Zhang Yiqiang , Zahir Zahir A. , Frankenberger William T. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBacterial reduction of selenate [Se(VI)] to elemental Se [Se(0)] is considered an effective bioremediation technique to remove selenium (Se) from agricultural drainage water. However, the fate of the newly formed Se(0) in aquatic systems is not known when it flows out of the treatment system. A set of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the fate of the colloidal‐particulate Se(0) in a water column and in a water–sediment system. Results showed that the newly formed colloidal‐particulate Se(0) followed two removal pathways in aquatic systems: (i) flocculation–sedimentation to the bottom of the water and (ii) oxidation to selenite [Se(IV)] and Se(VI). During 58 d of the experiments, 51% of the added Se(0) was precipitated to the bottom of the water and 47% was oxidized to Se(IV) in the water column. In the water–sediment system, Se(IV) in the water accounted for 21 to 25% of the added Se(0). Adsorption of Se(IV) to the bottom sediment resulted in a relatively low amount of Se(IV) in the water. This study indicates that the newly formed Se(0) may be an available form of Se for uptake by organisms if it flows to aquatic systems from a treatment site. Therefore, an effective bioremediation system for removing Se from drainage water must reduce Se(VI) to Se(0) and remove Se(0) directly from the drainage water.
Effects of Environmental Factors on 1,3‐Dichloropropene Hydrolysis in Water and Soil
Authors: Guo Mingxin , Papiernik Sharon K. , Zheng Wei , Yates Scott R. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTHydrolysis is the major pathway for fumigant 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) degradation in water and soil, yet the process is not well understood. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various environmental factors on the rate of 1,3‐D hydrolysis. Cis‐, trans‐1,3‐D and their isomeric mixture were spiked into water and Arlington soil (coarse‐loamy, mixed, thermic Haplic Durixeralfs) and incubated under different conditions. The rate of 1,3‐D hydrolysis in water and soil were evaluated based on its residual amount and Cl− release, respectively. 1,3‐D hydrolyzed rapidly in deionized water, with a half‐life of 9.8 d at 20°C. The hydrolysis was pH dependent, with low pH inhibiting and high pH favoring the reaction. Other factors such as isomeric differences, photo irradiation, suspended particles, and small amounts of co‐solutes had little effect on the reaction. In soil, 1,3‐D hydrolyzed following pseudo first‐order kinetics. The hydrolysis rate constant increased with soil moisture content and decreased with the initial 1,3‐D concentration. At 20°C, >60% of the 1,3‐D applied at <0.61 g kg−1 in 10% moisturized soil hydrolyzed within 30 d. The soil particle size and mineralogy had little effect on the reaction rate. Organic matter promoted 1,3‐D degradation via direct substitution reactions, and the trans‐isomer showed preference over the cis‐ to react with certain organic molecules. Microbial contributions were initially insignificant, and became important as soil microorganisms adapted to the fumigant. The results suggest that to accelerate 1,3‐D degradation, pH, soil moisture, and organic amendment should be considered.
Recirculating Sand Filters for Treatment of Synthetic Dairy Parlor Washings
Authors: Healy M. G. , Rodgers M. , Mulqueen J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTLand‐spreading and spray irrigation are the most widely used practices for the disposal of dairy wastewaters in Ireland but in some cases there can be problems due to contamination of surface and ground water. The use of intermittent sand filtration has been suggested as an alternative treatment process. However, a single pass through a sand filter limits denitrification because of the absence of reducing conditions following nitrification and the lack of an available carbon source. This leads to poor total nitrogen (TN) reduction and an effluent that is high in nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N). This paper follows a previous paper in which two instrumented stratified sand filter columns (0.9 and 0.425 m deep, and both 0.3 m in diameter) were intermittently loaded with synthetic dairy parlor washings at a number of hydraulic loading rates, leading to a TN reduction of 27 to 41%. In the present study, under a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 23.4 g m−2 d−1, the TN was reduced by 83.2% when three‐quarters of the sand filter effluent was recirculated through an anoxic zone. This produced an effluent NO3–N concentration of 60 mg L−1 With recirculation, the improvement in the removal of organic matter and ammonia N (NH4–N) is minimal. Recirculating sand filters appear to offer a mechanically simple and effective method for the removal of nitrogen from dairy parlor effluents and are a significant improvement over a single‐pass sand filter.
MORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION AND THERMOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TPV NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON PP/EPDM PREPARED BY REACTIVE EXTRUSION
Authors: Mirzadeh Amin , Lafleur Pierre G. , Kamal Musa R. , Dubois Charles 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
The rubberlike behavior of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs), based on polypropylene/ethylene–propylene–diene M-class rubber (PP/EPDM), and their corresponding nanocomposites was investigated. The temperature Scanning Stress Relaxation (TSSR) method was used. Polypropylene nanocomposites, with different nanoclay dispersion levels, ranging from intercalated structures to a mixture of intercalated montmorillonite tactoids and exfoliated layers were used as the thermoplastic phase. A phenolic curing system was used to cross-link the rubber phase during the reactive extrusion process. The TSSR method provided useful information about the extent of the cross-linking reaction. Based on mechanical properties and the different criteria obtained by TSSR analysis, it was found that the presence of nanoclay would be more beneficial at high EPDM content in which the morphological studies suggested the existence of a network consisting of irregular-shaped rubber particles near a few rubber droplets.
Finite‐time H ∞  filtering for a class of discrete‐time Markovian jump systems with partly unknown transition probabilities
Authors: Cheng Jun , Zhu Hong , Zhong Shouming , Zeng Yong , Hou Liyuan 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with the problem of finite‐time H ∞  filtering for a class of Markovian jump systems subject to partial information on the transition probabilities. By introducing some slack matrix variables in terms of probability identity, a less conservative bounded real lemma is derived to ensure that filtering Markovian jump systems is finite‐time stable. Finally, the existence criterion of the desired filter is obtained such that the corresponding filtering error system is finite‐time bounded with a guaranteed H ∞  performance index. An example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative analysis of passive algorithms in adaptive control
Authors: Flores‐Pérez A. , Grave Ileana , Tang Yu 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYRepresentative passive adaptive algorithms have been developed with a wide variety of applications. However, to the best of our knowledge, the attempt to unify or to compare them has not been clearly established in literature. In this article, we provide a passive adaptive framework which encompasses all those algorithms including the recently developed proportional‐integral (PI) adaptive scheme. A comparative analysis among performances of the passive algorithms is carried out by means of simulations considering the problem of passivity‐based adaptive tracking control of a simple pendulum. In addition, passivity property for PI algorithm is rigorously shown in case of linear parametrization. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐delivery of Cell‐permeable Chimeric Apoptosis AVPIR8 Peptide/p53 DNA for Cocktail Therapy
Authors: Wang Huiyuan , Guo Qianqian , Jiang Yifan , Liu Ergang , Zhao Yongxing , Wang Huixin , Li Yaping , Huang Yongzhuo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe tetra‐peptide AVPI, derived from the Smac/DIABLO N‐terminal epitope, is able to trigger caspase activation and apoptotic process. However, its clinical value is greatly hampered by the nature of membrane‐impermeability. Herein, the cell‐penetrating chimeric apoptotic peptide of AVPIR8 is synthesized, of which the apoptosis‐induced AVPI is strategically blended with the cell‐penetrating sequence of octaarginine (R8). The dual‐functionalized AVPIR8 is not only potent in inducing apoptosis in tumor cells due to the cell penetration ability, but also is able to work as gene carrier for transfering the tumor suppressor p53 DNA into cells, thus constructing a co‐delivery drug system (AVPIR8/p53). Such system efficiently promotes apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal cells, and its antitumor activity is further significantly enhanced in combination with doxorubicin as cocktail therapy. More importantly, the anticancer efficacy of the cocktail is demonstrated to be able to arrest tumor growth in two animal tumor models (melanoma and cervical cancers), respectively. The chemotherapeutic dose in the AVPIR8/p53‐based cocktail is significantly reduced by 80%, compared to the monotherapy of doxorubicin. The present results show the promise of the co‐delivered AVPIR8/p53 as adjuvant therapy for boosting the conventional chemotherapeutics, with a unique benefit of enhanced productive treatment outcomes yet greatly reduced adverse toxicity.
Does Income and Income Distribution Determine Global Food and Beverage Products Trade?
Authors: ul Haq Zahoor 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe author investigates the role of income in explaining the trade of 46 differentiated food and beverage products across 52 developed and developing countries. The Heckman maximum likelihood procedure with fixed effects was used to explore the role of income in explaining bilateral trade flows. The study finds that income but not income distribution is an important determinant of food products trade and the hypothesis that income does not influence food and beverage product trade is consistently rejected. For most of the food products, the empirical results reject the proposition that income elasticities are the same across the development spectrum. The assumption of homothetic preferences (expenditure elasticities equal to one) was most consistently rejected for middle‐income countries, but rarely rejected for lower‐ and high‐income countries. The results suggest that income plays an important role in food trade, and middle‐income countries are the growth markets of the future.
A systematic review of nonabsorbable, absorbable, and steroid‐impregnated spacers following endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Grewal Aman , Briel Matthias , Lee John M. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundMiddle meatal (MM) spacers may reduce adhesions following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). However, there is no consensus as to which materials and adjuncts are the most effective for this purpose. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of absorbable spacers (AS) vs nonabsorbable spacers (NAS) in reducing adhesions following ESS for chronic sinusitis. Secondarily, we assessed steroidal vs nonsteroidal MM spacers in reducing adhesions.MethodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted and a meta‐analysis on relevant outcome data was performed. Electronic search was done using OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. Independent data extraction and evaluation was conducted.ResultsFor our primary objective, 6 RCTs were included in the systematic review. A pooled estimate of relevant trials revealed a nonsignificant trend favoring AS in reducing adhesion formation compared to NAS (Relative Risk (RR), 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–1.03). This trend was not apparent if NAS are left for greater than 48 hours after ESS. For our secondary objective, we identified 5 RCTs that compared steroidal vs nonsteroidal spacers. Although a pooled analysis could not be achieved due to inconsistent reporting of MM adhesions, 2 studies demonstrated significantly less adhesions in the steroidal spacer group.ConclusionComparison between NAS and AS showed that there was no significant difference in adhesion rates if NAS are used for at least 48 hours after surgery. Steroidal spacers may reduce adhesions, but more consistent data reporting is required for meta‐analysis.
Removal of copper(II) ions with a thermoresponsive cellulose‐g‐poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) copolymer
Authors: Kasgoz Hasine , Ozbas Zehra , Esen Emine , Sahin Canan Puren , Gurdag Gulten 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTN‐Isopropyl acrylamide monomer was grafted onto cellulose (Cell) with a cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN)–nitric acid initiator system, and a thermoresponsive Cell‐g‐poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) copolymer was obtained. The copolymer was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy/electron‐dispersive spectrometry analysis. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the copolymer was determined by differential scanning calorimetry technique. The swelling capacities and water retention values were determined in distilled water in the temperature range from 10 to 50°C. The adsorption experiments were performed by a solid‐phase extraction technique. Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was used as an extractant, and Cu(II) ion was complexed with SDBS before the adsorption process. Then, the adsorption of the Cu(II)–SDBS complexes onto Cell‐g‐PNIPAM copolymers through hydrophobic interaction was performed at higher temperatures than the LCST of the copolymer. The adsorption capacity (Q) was dependent on the initial pH of the metal‐ion solution, and Q decreased at lower pHs. The maximum sorption capacity of the copolymer for the Cu(II) ion was 1.18 mmol/g, and a high amount of sorption equilibrium was attained in 10 h. We found that the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption was S‐type according to the Giles classification system. It was also determined that the thermoresponsive Cell copolymer could be used for the removal of Cu(II) ions as an environmentally friendly sorbent. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4440–4448, 2013