bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colonic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours: an institutional review
Authors: Gupta R. K. , Samalavicius N. E. , Sapkota S. , Sah P. L. , Kafle S. U. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to present the largest series of colonic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (C‐IMFT) in the literature so far and to provide a review of this condition.MethodA retrospective review was carried out of a consecutive series of patients diagnosed with a C‐IMFT at a community‐based hospital with a specialized gastrointestinal unit between 2002 and 2011. The main outcome measures were success rate and postoperative complications. Using a set of terms we searched the PubMed database for papers published on C‐IMFT. We reviewed the data from these studies and case reports.ResultsThere were seven patients with a histopathologically proven C‐IMFT. The patients' mean age was 39 ± 11.3 years. Four presented with clinical features of intestinal obstruction of varying severity and three with symptoms of anaemia. Complete surgical resection with end‐to‐end anastomosis was performed. The gross morphology included polypoidal myxoid tumours that served as a lead point for intussusception in two cases, a whorled mass in two and a circumferential infiltrative tumour in three. Microscopically, all tumours had typical features of IMFT with a variable expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK‐1) and tumour‐free resection margins. All patients were well without local recurrence or metastasis at a mean follow‐up of 46.8 ± 11.9 months.ConclusionSurgical resection is effective for this rare tumour which mostly behaves in a benign manner. Our review supports the need for patients to be followed up for long periods because of the possibility of metastasis or late recurrence.
Effect of the approach to insulin therapy on glycaemic fluctuations and autonomic tone in hospitalized patients with diabetes
Authors: Dungan K. M. , Osei K. , Sagrilla C. , Binkley P. 
Published: January 2013

AimsGlycaemic variability (GV) is associated with mortality in acutely ill patients, but the mechanism is unknown. The objective of this study is to determine whether common approaches to insulin therapy have distinct effects on GV and autonomic tone.MethodsHospitalized patients with diabetes were randomized to short‐term intravenous (IV) or physiologic subcutaneous (SQ) insulin. Heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac impedance (pre‐ejection period, PEP) were used to estimate parasympathetic and sympathetic tone, respectively. GV was measured using a continuous glucose monitor.ResultsMean glucose tended to be lower initially in the SQ group (N = 16) compared with the IV group (N = 17) on day 1 (10.5 vs. 8.6 mmol/l, p = 0.05), but became non‐significant during the transition off of the infusion. There was no difference in glycaemic lability index (GLI), continuous overlapping net glycaemic action (CONGA) or coefficient of variation (CV) on day 1, but by day 2, these measures were higher in the IV group (p < 0.05 for all). PEP was higher in the SQ group during (110 vs. 123 ms, p = 0.02) and after the intervention (104 vs. 126 ms, p = 0.004). Hypoglycaemia was similar in both groups. There were only small differences in HRV. Post‐treatment PEP was inversely correlated with log GLI (r = −0.41, p = 0.03) but not other measures.ConclusionsShort‐term IV insulin is associated with an increase in multiple GV measures compared with optimal SQ insulin. However, GLI was the only predictor of PEP. Further research is needed to determine if interventions that minimize GV improve outcomes in the hospital.
A nine country study of the burden of non‐severe nocturnal hypoglycaemic events on diabetes management and daily function
Authors: Brod M. , Wolden M. , Christensen T. , Bushnell D. M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTAimsThe purpose of this study was to explore the burden and impact of non‐severe nocturnal hypoglycaemic events (NSNHEs) on diabetes management, patient functioning and well‐being in order to better understand the role that NSNHEs play in caring for persons with diabetes and facilitate optimal diabetes treatment management strategies.MethodsA 20‐min survey assessing the impact of NSNHEs was administered to patients with self‐reported diabetes age 18 or older via the Internet in nine countries (USA, UK, Germany, Canada, France, Italy, Spain, The Netherlands and Sweden) who experienced an NSNHE in the last month. Questions captured reasons for and length of the event, and impacts on diabetes management, daily function, sleep and well‐being.ResultsA total of 20 212 persons with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were screened of which 2108 respondents were eligible. Respondents initiated, on average, an additional 3.6 glucose monitoring tests, and did not resume usual functioning for an average of 3.4 hours after the NSNHE. Of the respondents using insulin, 15.8% decreased their insulin dose over an average of 3.6 days. NSNHEs also impacted sleep, with 10.4% not returning to sleep that night. Next day functioning was affected with 60.3% (n = 1273) feeling the need to take a nap and/or rest (with 65.5% of those actually taking a nap/rest) and 40.2% (n = 848) wanting to go to bed earlier than usual. A total of 21.4% were restricted in their driving the next day. These events also resulted in decreased well‐being with 39.6% of respondents feeling ‘emotional low’ the following day.ConclusionsNSNHEs have serious consequences for patients. Greater attention to patient and physician education regarding the burden of NSNHEs and incorporation of corrective actions in treatment plans is needed to facilitate patients reaching optimal glycaemic control.
Prognostic significance of patterns of seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer
Authors: Kristiansen Anna , Wiklund Fredrik , Wiklund Peter , Egevad Lars 
Published: January 2013

AimsWe aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of histopathological patterns of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) after radical prostatectomy.Methods and resultsSeminal vesicles of 1050 radical prostatectomy specimens from the Karolinska Hospital, from 1998 to 2005, were reviewed. Extraprostatic SVI was found in 60 cases (5.7%). Associations between histopathological characteristics of SVI and biochemical recurrence were analysed. The SVI component of the tumour always had a Gleason score of 7 or higher. Invasion of seminal vesicle (SV) mucosa was seen in 68.3%, and was always accompanied by muscle wall invasion. SVI was associated with biochemical recurrence [HR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1–2.6), P = 0.015], while intraprostatic SVI was not. SV mucosal invasion was associated with adverse outcome [HR 4.2 (95% CI 1.2–14.2), P = 0.021], while only 15.8% of tumours with muscle wall invasion alone recurred. Other features of SVI such as the Gleason score of the SV component, laterality, invasion route, measures of extent and local margin status in the SV did not predict outcome.ConclusionsThe prognosis of patients with SVI is not uniformly poor. Invasion of the SV mucosa portends a higher risk of recurrence than invasion of the muscle wall alone. There is no evidence that other histopathological features of SVI need to be reported.
Identification and isolation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING): an innate immune sensory and adaptor gene from camelids
Authors: Premraj A. , Aleyas A. G. , Nautiyal B. , Rasool T. J. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe mechanism by which type I interferon–mediated antiviral response is mounted by hosts against invading pathogen is an intriguing one. Of late, an endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein encoded by a gene called stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is implicated in the innate signalling pathways and has been identified and cloned in few mammalian species including human, mouse and pig. In this article, we report the identification of STING from three different species of a highly conserved family of mammals – the camelids. cDNAs encoding the STING of Old World camels – dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) and bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) and a New World camel – llama (Llama glama) were amplified using conserved primers and RACE. The complete STING cDNA of dromedary camel is 2171 bp long with a 706‐bp 5′ untranslated regions (UTR), an 1137‐bp open reading frame (ORF) and a 328‐bp 3′ UTR. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the ORF of STING from these three camelids indicate high level of similarity among camelids and conservation of critical amino acid residues across different species. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis revealed high levels of STING mRNA expression in blood, spleen, lymph node and lung. The identification of camelid STING will help in better understanding of the role of this molecule in the innate immunity of the camelids and other mammals.
Perinatal xenohormone exposure impacts sweet preference and submandibular development in male rats
Authors: Kouidhi W , Bergès R , Tiffon C , Desmetz C , El May M , Auger J , Canivenc‐Lavier MC 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of perinatal exposure to low doses of genistein and/or vinclozolin on submandibular salivary gland (SSG) development in juvenile and adult male rats and to establish a link with sweet preference.Material and MethodsFemale rats received orally (1 mg kg−1 body weight/day) genistein and vinclozolin, alone or in combination, from the first gestational day up to weaning. Sweet preference was assessed at weaning and in adulthood in male offspring; submandibular glands were then collected to study the morphogenesis and mRNA expression of steroid receptors, growth factors and taste related proteins.ResultsExposure to genistein and/or vinclozolin resulted in a higher saccharin intake on postnatal day 25 (P < 0.05) linked to a higher number of pro‐acinar cells (P < 0.01) and mRNA expression of progesterone receptor, growth factors and gustine (P < 0.01). These increases disappeared in adulthood, but mRNA expressions of sex hormone receptors and growth factors were strongly repressed in all treated groups (P < 0.01).ConclusionOur findings confirm that the SSG are target for xenohormones and provide evidence that perinatal exposure to low doses of genistein and/or vinclozolin could simultaneously disrupt not only the salivary gland prepubertal development and sweet intake but also endocrine gene mRNA expression later in life.
Electrical impedance spectroscopy as a potential adjunct diagnostic tool for cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Mohr Peter , Birgersson Ulrik , Berking Carola , Henderson Catriona , Trefzer Uwe , Kemeny Lajos , Sunderkötter Cord , Dirschka Thomas , Motley Richard , Frohm‐Nilsson Margareta , Reinhold Uwe , Loquai Carmen , Braun Ralph , Nyberg Filippa , Paoli John 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown statistically significant differences in electrical impedance between various cutaneous lesions. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) may therefore be able to aid clinicians in differentiating between benign and malignant skin lesions.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to develop a classification algorithm to distinguish between melanoma and benign lesions of the skin with a sensitivity of at least 98% and a specificity approximately 20 per cent higher than the diagnostic accuracy of dermatologists.Patients/MethodsA total of 1300 lesions were collected in a multicentre, prospective, non‐randomized clinical trial from 19 centres around Europe. All lesions were excised and subsequently evaluated independently by a panel of three expert dermatopathologists. From the data two classification algorithms were developed and verified.ResultsFor the first classification algorithm, approximately 40% of the data were used for calibration and 60% for testing. The observed sensitivity for melanoma was 98.1% (101/103), non‐melanoma skin cancer 100% (25/25) and dysplastic nevus with severe atypia 84.2% (32/38). The overall observed specificity was 23.6% (66/280). For the second classification algorithm, approximately 55% of the data were used for calibration. The observed sensitivity for melanoma was 99.4% (161/162), for non‐melanoma skin cancer was 98.0% (49/50) and dysplastic nevus with severe atypia was 93.8% (60/64). The overall observed specificity was 24.5% (116/474).ConclusionEIS has the potential to be an adjunct diagnostic tool to help clinicians differentiate between benign and malignant (melanocytic and non‐melanocytic) skin lesions. Further studies are needed to confirm the validity of the automatic assessment algorithm.
A comparative study of colour and perfusion between two different post surgical scars. Do the laser Doppler imager and the colorimeter measure the same features of a scar?
Authors: Mermans J. F. , Peeters W. J. , Dikmans R. , Serroyen J. , van der Hulst R. R. J. W. , Van den Kerckhove E. 
Published: January 2013

Background/purposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different located post surgical scars on both perfusion and redness. The pattern of change and correlation between perfusion and redness of post surgical scars is also examined.MethodsIn this study, we measured redness and perfusion of the abdominal and breast scar of 24 women undergoing breast reconstruction with Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Free Flap surgery with the Minolta Chromameter CR‐400/410 and the Moor Instruments laser Doppler imager 12IR, respectively, at different intervals post‐operatively.ResultsThe laser Doppler imager gives significantly higher values for the abdominal compared with the breast scar. There was no consistent correlation found between perfusion and redness at the different test moments for both locations.The scores of both parameters were significantly associated after 9 months follow‐up for both locations.ConclusionScars closed with higher mechanical force show higher perfusion and prolonged activity; and more redness is associated with more perfusion for both post surgical scars. Nevertheless, there was no consistent correlation found between these parameters making the laser Doppler imager and the Colorimeter still non‐replaceable instruments.
Anaerobic Sulfur Metabolism Coupled to Dissimilatory Iron Reduction in the Extremophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Osorio Hï¿½ctor , Mangold Stefanie , Denis Yann , ï¿½ancucheo Ivan , Esparza Mario , Johnson D. Barrie , Bonnefoy Violaine , Dopson Mark , Holmes David S. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Gene transcription (microarrays) and protein levels (proteomics) were compared in cultures of the acidophilic chemolithotroph
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
grown on elemental sulfur as the electron donor under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, using either molecular oxygen or ferric iron as the electron acceptor, respectively. No evidence supporting the role of either tetrathionate hydrolase or arsenic reductase in mediating the transfer of electrons to ferric iron (as suggested by previous studies) was obtained. In addition, no novel ferric iron reductase was identified. However, data suggested that sulfur was disproportionated under anaerobic conditions, forming hydrogen sulfide via sulfur reductase and sulfate via heterodisulfide reductase and ATP sulfurylase. Supporting physiological evidence for H
2
S production came from the observation that soluble Cu
2+
included in anaerobically incubated cultures was precipitated (seemingly as CuS). Since H
2
S reduces ferric iron to ferrous in acidic medium, its production under anaerobic conditions indicates that anaerobic iron reduction is mediated, at least in part, by an indirect mechanism. Evidence was obtained for an alternative model implicating the transfer of electrons from S
0
to Fe
3+
via a respiratory chain that includes a
bc
1
complex and a cytochrome
c
. Central carbon pathways were upregulated under aerobic conditions, correlating with higher growth rates, while many Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle components were upregulated during anaerobic growth, probably as a result of more limited access to carbon dioxide. These results are important for understanding the role of
A. ferrooxidans
in environmental biogeochemical metal cycling and in industrial bioleaching operations.
Modulation of Porcine β-Defensins 1 and 2 upon Individual and Combined Fusarium Toxin Exposure in a Swine Jejunal Epithelial Cell Line
Authors: Wan Murphy Lam-Yim , Woo Chit-Shing Jackson , Allen Kevin J. , Turner Paul C. , El-Nezami Hani 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Defensins are small antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that play an important role in the innate immune system of mammals. Since the effect of mycotoxin contamination of food and feed on the secretion of intestinal AMPs is poorly understood, the aim of this study was to elucidate the individual and combined effects of four common
Fusarium
toxins, deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEA), and fumonisin B1 (FB1), on the mRNA expression, protein secretion, and corresponding antimicrobial effects of porcine β-defensins 1 and 2 (pBD-1 and pBD-2) using a porcine jejunal epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2. In general, upregulation of pBD-1 and pBD-2 mRNA expression occurred following exposure to
Fusarium
toxins, individually and in mixtures (
P
< 0.05). However, no significant increase in secreted pBD-1 and pBD-2 protein levels was observed, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Supernatants from IPEC-J2 cells exposed to toxins, singly or in combination, however, possessed significantly less antimicrobial activity against
Escherichia coli
than untreated supernatants. When single toxins and two-toxin combinations were assessed, toxicity effects were shown to be nonadditive (including synergism, potentiation, and antagonism), suggesting interactive toxin effects when cells are exposed to mycotoxin combinations. The results show that
Fusarium
toxins, individually and in mixtures, activate distinct antimicrobial defense mechanisms possessing the potential to alter the intestinal microbiota through diminished antimicrobial effects. Moreover, by evaluating toxin mixtures, this improved understanding of toxin effects will enable more effective risk assessments for common mycotoxin combinations observed in contaminated food and feed.
Coinfection of Dermacentor silvarum Olenev (Acari: Ixodidae) by Coxiella-Like, Arsenophonus-Like, and Rickettsia-Like Symbionts
Authors: Liu Limeng , Li Lingxia , Liu Jiannan , Hu Yonghong , Liu Zhao , Guo Lida , Liu Jingze 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

We report that multiple symbionts coexist in
Dermacentor silvarum
. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, we prove that
Coxiella
-like and
Arsenophonus
-like symbionts, with 95.6% and 96.7% sequence similarity to symbionts in the closest taxon, respectively, are novel. Moreover, we also provide evidence that the
Coxiella
-like symbiont appears to be the primary symbiont.
Identification of a Cyclosporine-Specific P450 Hydroxylase Gene through Targeted Cytochrome P450 Complement (CYPome) Disruption in Sebekia benihana
Authors: Lee Mi-Jin , Kim Hyun-Bum , Yoon Yeo Joon , Han Kyuboem , Kim Eung-Soo 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIt was previously proposed that regio-specific hydroxylation of an immunosuppressive cyclosporine (CsA) at the 4thN-methyl leucine is mediated by cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (CYP) in the rare actinomyceteSebekia benihana. This modification is thought to be the reason for the hair growth-promoting side effect without the immunosuppressive activity of CsA. ThroughS. benihanagenome sequencing andin silicoanalysis, we identified the complete cytochrome P450 complement (CYPome) ofS. benihana, including 21 CYPs and their electron transfer partners, consisting of 7 ferredoxins (FDs) and 4 ferredoxin reductases (FDRs). UsingEscherichia coliconjugation-basedS. benihanaCYPome-targeted disruption, all of the identified CYP, FD, and FDR genes inS. benihanawere individually inactivated. Among the 32S. benihanaexconjugant mutants tested, only a singleS. benihanaCYP mutant, ΔCYP-sb21, failed to exhibit CsA hydroxylation activity. The hydroxylation was restored by CYP-sb21 gene complementation. Since allS. benihanaFD and FDR disruption mutants maintained CsA hydroxylation activity, it can be concluded that CYP-sb21, a new member of the bacterial CYP107 family, is the only essential component of thein vivoregio-specific CsA hydroxylation process inS. benihana. Moreover, expression of an extra copy of the CYP-sb21 gene increased CsA hydroxylation in wild-typeS. benihanaand an NADPH-enrichedStreptomyces coelicolormutant, by 2-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. These results show for the first time that regio-specific hydroxylation of CsA is carried out by a specific P450 hydroxylase present inS. benihana, and they set the stage for the biotechnological application of regio-specific CsA hydroxylation through heterologous CYP-sb21 expression.
Activation of
sarX
by Rbf Is Required for Biofilm Formation and
icaADBC
Expression in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Cue David , Lei Mei G. , Lee Chia Y. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

A major constituent of many
Staphylococcus aureus
biofilms is a polysaccharide known as the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin, or poly
N
-acetylglucosamine (PIA/PNAG). PIA/PNAG is synthesized by the 4 gene products of the
icaADBC
operon, which is negatively regulated by the divergently transcribed
icaR
gene. We previously reported the identification of a gene,
rbf
, involved in the positive transcriptional regulation of
icaADBC
transcription by repressing
icaR
in
S. aureus
strain 8325-4. However, we were unable to show binding of Rbf to DNA upstream of
icaR
or
icaA
, suggesting that Rbf may control expression of an unknown factor(s) that, in turn, regulates
ica
expression. Here we report that the unknown factor is SarX protein. Results from epistasis assays and genetic complementation analyses suggest that Rbf upregulates SarX, which then downregulates IcaR, thereby activating
icaADBC
. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that SarX protein bound to a sequence upstream of
icaR
within the
icaA
coding region. Cross-linking and immunoprecipitation experiments further suggested that Rbf binds to the
sarX
promoter in
S. aureus
. These results demonstrate that Rbf and SarX represent a regulatory cascade that promotes PIA-dependent biofilm formation in
S. aureus
.