bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐sectional associations of objectively measured physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and anthropometry in European adults
Authors: Wientzek Angelika , Tormo Díaz María‐José , Castaño Jose Maria Huerta , Amiano Pilar , Arriola Larraitz , Overvad Kim , Østergaard Jane Nautrup , Charles Marie‐Aline , Fagherazzi Guy , Palli Domenico , Bendinelli Benedetta , Skeie Guri , Borch Kristin Benjaminsen , Wendel‐Vos Wanda , de Hollander Ellen , May Anne M. , den Ouden Marjolein EM , Trichopoulou Antonia , Valanou Elissavet , Söderberg Stefan , Franks Paul W. , Brage Soren , Vigl Matthäus , Boeing Heiner , Ekelund Ulf 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo quantify the independent associations between objectively measured physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and anthropometry in European men and women.Methods2,056 volunteers from 12 centers across Europe were fitted with a heart rate and movement sensor at 2 visits 4 months apart for a total of 8 days. CRF (ml/kg/min) was estimated from an 8 minute ramped step test. A cross‐sectional analysis of the independent associations between objectively measured PA (m/s2/d), moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (%time/d), sedentary time (%time/d), CRF, and anthropometry using sex stratified multiple linear regression was performed.ResultsIn mutually adjusted models, CRF, PA, and MVPA were inversely associated with all anthropometric markers in women. In men, CRF, PA, and MVPA were inversely associated with BMI, whereas only CRF was significantly associated with the other anthropometric markers. Sedentary time was positively associated with all anthropometric markers, however, after adjustment for CRF significant in women only.ConclusionCRF, PA, MVPA, and sedentary time are differently associated with anthropometric markers in men and women. CRF appears to attenuate associations between PA, MVPA, and sedentary time. These observations may have implications for prevention of obesity.
Validity of body adiposity index in predicting body fat in a sample of brazilian women
Authors: Cerqueira Matheus , Amorim Paulo , Magalhães Filipe , Castro Eliane , Franco Frederico , Franceschini Sylvia , Cerqueira Lizbeth , Marins João , Doimo Leonice 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveThis study aimed to verify the validity of BAI in predicting %BF in a sample of Brazilian womenDesign and MethodsA total of 102 women (average age 60.3 ± 9.8) were assessed. To determine percentage body fat (% BF), dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used as the “gold standard.” To evaluate the association between body adiposity index (BAI) and % BF assessed by DXA, we used Pearson's correlation coefficient. Paired sample t‐test was used to test differences in mean % BF between BAI and DXA. To evaluate the concordance between % BF measured by DXA and estimated by BAI, we used the Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and the agreement analysis of Bland‐Altman.ResultsThe correlation between % BF obtained by DXA and that estimated by BAI was r = 0.65, P < 0.001. Paired t‐test showed significant mean difference between methods (P < 0.0001). Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was C_b = 0.73, which is classified as poor, while the Bland‐Altman plots showed BAI underestimating % BF in relation to the used criterion measure in a large portion of the sample.ConclusionsResults of the present study show that BAI presented low agreement with % BF measured by DXA, which is not recommended for % BF prediction in this studied sample.
Association of ambient indoor temperature with body mass index in england
Authors: Daly Michael 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveRaised ambient temperatures may result in a negative energy balance characterized by decreased food intake and raised energy expenditure. This study tested whether indoor temperatures above the thermoneutral zone for clothed humans (∼23°C) were associated with a reduced body mass index (BMI).MethodsParticipants were 100,152 adults (≥16 years) drawn from 13 consecutive annual waves of the nationally representative Health Survey for England (1995‐2007).ResultsBMI levels of those residing in air temperatures above 23°C were lower than those living in an ambient temperature of under 19°C (b = −0.233, SE = 0.053, P < 0.001), in analyses that adjusted for participant age, gender, social class, health and the month/year of assessment. Robustness tests showed that high indoor temperatures were associated with reduced BMI levels in winter and non‐winter months and early (1995‐2000) and later (2001‐2007) survey waves. Including additional demographic, environmental, and health behavior variables did not diminish the link between high indoor temperatures and reduced BMI.ConclusionsElevated ambient indoor temperatures are associated with low BMI levels. Further research is needed to establish the potential causal nature of this relationship.
Physical activity and gestational weight gain in Hispanic women
Authors: Chasan‐Taber Lisa , Silveira Marushka , Lynch Kristine E. , Pekow Penelope , Solomon Caren G. , Markenson Glenn 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveHispanic women have high rates of excessive and inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) according to Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. Observational studies suggest that physical activity may be associated with GWG but have been conflicting and were largely conducted in non‐Hispanic white populations.MethodsThe association between physical activity and compliance with GWG guidelines, total GWG, and rate of GWG among 1,276 Hispanic participants in Proyecto Buena Salud, a cohort study in Western Massachusetts was prospectively evaluated. The Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess pre, early, mid, and late pregnancy physical activity according to both intensity (i.e., sedentary, moderate, and vigorous) and type (i.e., housework/caregiving, occupational, and sports/exercise).ResultsA total of 26.9% of women gained within IOM guidelines, 21.2% had inadequate GWG, and 51.9% experienced excessive GWG. Overall, we did not observe statistically significant associations between type or intensity of physical activity during pre, early, mid, and late pregnancy and inadequate or excessive GWG, total GWG, or rate of GWG.ConclusionsIn this prospective cohort study of Hispanic women, after controlling for important risk factors, pregnancy physical activity did not appear to be associated with GWG.
Validity of diagnostic codes to identify cases of severe acute liver injury in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Mini‐Sentinel Distributed Database
Authors: Lo Re Vincent , Haynes Kevin , Goldberg David , Forde Kimberly A. , Carbonari Dena M. , Leidl Kimberly B. F. , Hennessy Sean , Reddy K. Rajender , Pawloski Pamala A. , Daniel Gregory W. , Cheetham T. Craig , Iyer Aarthi , Coughlin Kara O. , Toh Sengwee , Boudreau Denise M. , Selvam Nandini , Cooper William O. , Selvan Mano S. , VanWormer Jeffrey J. , Avigan Mark I. , Houstoun Monika , Zornberg Gwen L. , Racoosin Judith A. , Shoaibi Azadeh 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeThe validity of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes to identify diagnoses of severe acute liver injury (SALI) is not well known. We examined the positive predictive values (PPVs) of hospital ICD‐9‐CM diagnoses in identifying SALI among health plan members in the Mini‐Sentinel Distributed Database (MSDD) for patients without liver/biliary disease and for those with chronic liver disease (CLD).MethodsWe selected random samples of members (149 without liver/biliary disease; 75 with CLD) with a principal hospital diagnosis suggestive of SALI (ICD‐9‐CM 570, 572.2, 572.4, 572.8, 573.3, 573.8, or V42.7) in the MSDD (2009–2010). Medical records were reviewed by hepatologists to confirm SALI events. PPVs of codes and code combinations for confirmed SALI were determined by CLD status.ResultsAmong 105 members with available records and no liver/biliary disease, SALI was confirmed in 26 (PPV, 24.7%; 95%CI, 16.9−34.1%). Combined hospital diagnoses of acute hepatic necrosis (570) and liver disease sequelae (572.8) had high PPV (100%; 95%CI, 59.0–100%) and identified 7/26 (26.9%) events. Among 46 CLD members with available records, SALI was confirmed in 19 (PPV, 41.3%; 95%CI, 27.0–56.8%). Acute hepatic necrosis (570) or hepatorenal syndrome (572.4) plus any other SALI code had a PPV of 83.3% (95%CI, 51.6–97.9%) and identified 10/19 (52.6%) events.ConclusionsMost individual hospital ICD‐9‐CM diagnoses had low PPV for confirmed SALI events. Select code combinations had high PPV but did not capture all events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A qualitative study of women's experiences of familial ovarian cancer screening
Authors: Lifford Kate J. , Clements Alison , Fraser Lindsay , Lancastle Deborah , Brain Kate ,   on behalf of the PsyFOCS Management Group
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveOne risk management strategy that women at increased familial risk of ovarian cancer may use is screening. Until recently, this has been available as part of the UK Familial Ovarian Cancer Screening Study (UKFOCSS), using ultrasound scans of the ovaries and tumour marker blood tests. The present study aimed to gain an in‐depth understanding of women's experiences of participating in ovarian cancer screening.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 48 UKFOCSS participants. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and relevant sections analysed using a framework approach.ResultsScreening provided women with reassurance which they found beneficial. A sense of privilege, as well as feeling proactive in potentially detecting ovarian cancer at an early stage was described. The wider benefit to research and the potential impact this could have on others was also important to women. Negative experiences of screening included worry about the screening tests and results, false reassurance by test results and disappointment with ineffective screening. Aspects of the screening study, such as the logistics, organisation and communication, were described as both good and problematic. When weighed up by the women, most described an overall positive experience of screening.ConclusionsWomen reported both positive and negative experiences of screening. Overall, screening seemed to be an acceptable risk management strategy to most women who participated in this interview study. Improvements could be made particularly in helping women to understand the limitations of familial ovarian cancer screening in order to avoid false reassurance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fully automated, high‐precision instrumentation for the isotopic analysis of tropospheric N2O using continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Potter Katherine E. , Ono Shuhei , Prinn Ronald G. 
Published: June 2013

RATIONALEMeasurements of the isotopic composition of nitrous oxide in the troposphere have the potential to bring new information about the uncertain N2O budget, which mole fraction data alone have not been able to resolve. Characterizing the expected subtle variations in tropospheric N2O isotopic composition demands high‐precision and high‐frequency measurements. To enable useful observations of N2O isotopic composition in tropospheric air to reduce N2O source and sink uncertainty, it was necessary to develop a high‐precision measurement system with fully automated capabilities for autonomous deployment at remote research stations.METHODSA fully automated pre‐concentration system for high‐precision measurements of N2O isotopic composition (δ15Nβ,δ15Nα,δ18O) in tropospheric air has been developed which combines a custom liquid‐cryogen‐free cryo‐trapping system and gas chromatograph interfaced to a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) system. A quadrupole mass spectrometer was coupled in parallel to the IRMS system during development to evaluate peak interference. Multi‐port inlet and fully‐automated capabilities allow streamlined analyses betweenin situair inlet, air standards, flask air sample, or other gas source in exactly replicated analysis sequences.RESULTSThe system has the highest precision to date for15N site‐specific composition results (δ15Nα±0.11‰,δ15Nβ±0.14‰ (1σ)), attributed mostly to uniformity of analytical cycles and particular attention to fluorocarbon interference noted for15N site‐specific measurements by IRMS. Air measurements demonstrated the fully automated capacity and performance.CONCLUSIONSThe system makes substantial headway in measurement precision, possibly defining the limits of IRMS measurement capabilities in low concentration N2O air samples, with fully automated capabilities to enable high‐frequencyin situmeasurements. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early Oral Feeding Versus Traditional Postoperative Care After Abdominal Emergency Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Klappenbach Roberto F. , Yazyi Federico J. , Alonso Quintas Facundo , Horna Matías E. , Alvarez Rodríguez Juan , Oría Alejandro 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundEarly oral feeding (EOF) has been demonstrated to be safe and beneficial after abdominal elective surgery. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to assess the safety and benefits of EOF compared to traditional postoperative care (TPC) after abdominal emergency surgery.MethodsPatients assigned to the EOF group commenced a soft diet within 24 h after surgery. In the TPC group, a liquid diet was commenced upon passage of flatus or stool and then advanced to soft food. The primary endpoint was the complication rate. Secondary endpoints were severity of complications, mortality, gastrointestinal leaks, surgical‐site infection, reoperation, diet intolerance, time to first flatus and stool, amount of food intake, postoperative discomfort, hospital stay, weight loss at the 15th postoperative day and incisional hernias.ResultsA total of 295 patients assigned to EOF (n = 148) or TPC (n = 147) were analyzed. No significant differences were seen in the complications rates (EOF 45.3 % vs. TPC 37.4 %; p = 0.1). There was a significantly higher rate of vomiting with EOF (EOF 13.5 % vs. TPC 6.1 %; p = 0.03), with no differences in nasogastric tube reinsertion. EOF patients’ food intake was proportionally lower for the first three meals than that of TPC patients (p < 0.01). Postoperative discomfort survey revealed more hunger in the TPC group (p < 0.01). There were no differences in postoperative ileus or length of hospital stay.ConclusionsEOF was safe after abdominal emergency surgery. EOF was associated with more vomiting (treated easily and without patient discomfort) and less hunger than with TPC. No other EOF‐related benefits could be demonstrated during this trial.
Stability Analysis of an Open Cut Slope in Wardha Valley Coal Field
Authors: Verma Dhananjai , Kainthola Ashutosh , Thareja Rahul , Singh T. N. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Open cast mines are the prime source of coal production in India. Due to an increase in coal demand, deeper surface mines are being planned to ensure better productivity with enhanced safety of these mines. The safe working environment and continuous production of the coal calls for the safe and stable design of cut slopes. The stability analysis of this slope requires in depth geotechnical investigation which are aided by result orientated stability assessment using empirical methods and numerical simulation. In the present study, a slope was examined to understand the mechanism and comparisons were made with field observations. The investigation has involved a 32m high cut slope from an open cast mine in Wardha valley coal field which has been analyzed using a two dimensional numerical simulation. The bench slope consisted of a low strength sandstones, shales and clay sequence. Hoek-Brown strength parameters established and used as input parameters in the model. The results indicate that the slope is critically stable and may lead to failure without warning and needs proper attention.
Engineering Geological Evaluation of the Spillway of Dam (II-B) of Bunakha Hydroelectric Project, Chukha Dzong, Bhutan
Authors: Naithani A.K. , Nawani P.C. , Singh L.G. , Singh Devendra 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The 200m long and 106.2m wide spillway of Bunakha Hydroelectric Project is proposed at the centre of the dam to pass the flood discharge. The spillway area was investigated through detailed engineering geological mapping, geophysical survey, exploratory drilling and laboratory testing. The rock mass properties, i.e. joint sets, weathering grade, RQD, RMR, permeability, P-wave velocity etc. of the rock masses to be encountered during the excavation of spillway have been analyzed in detail. Core samples from the exploratory drill hole drilled at the spillway alignment were tested for physico-mechanical properties of rocks in the laboratory. The mapping details indicated that the major rock types which are exposed to the surface and cover the entire spillway area are foliated gneisses with bands of banded gneisses. On the basis of detailed investigations and laboratory testing, inferences and recommendations have been made which will be helpful during the construction of the project.
Beyond amyloid: Getting real about nonamyloid targets in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Herrup Karl , Carrillo Maria C. , Schenk Dale , Cacace Angela , DeSanti Susan , Fremeau Robert , Bhat Ratan , Glicksman Marcie , May Patrick , Swerdlow Russell , Van Eldik Linda J. , Bain Lisa J. , Budd Samantha 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFor decades, researchers have focused primarily on a pathway initiated by amyloid beta aggregation, amyloid deposition, and accumulation in the brain as the key mechanism underlying the disease and the most important treatment target. However, evidence increasingly suggests that amyloid is deposited early during the course of disease, even prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Thus, targeting amyloid in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD), as past failed clinical trials have done, may be insufficient to halt further disease progression. Scientists are investigating other molecular and cellular pathways and processes that contribute to AD pathogenesis. Thus, the Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable convened a meeting in April 2012 to move beyond amyloid and explore AD as a complex multifactorial disease, with the goal of using a more inclusive perspective to identify novel treatment strategies.
Specific chemical and mineral composition of ferromanganese nodules from the Chukchi Sea
Authors: Kolesnik O.N. , Kolesnik A.N. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The specific chemical and mineral composition of discoid, cake-shaped, and platy ferromanganese nodules (FMNs) from the Chukchi Sea are considered. The main ore components of these FMNs are Fe, Mn, and P. The contents of trace elements (except for Ba and Sr) do not exceed hundredths of percent. Maximum concentrations of most of these elements are specific for the cake-shaped nodules. In general, Mn accumulates most intensely in FMNs. Next (in order of decrease) are Ag(?), Co, and Pb; Sr, Fe, P, Y, and Ca; and Ni, La, Zn, and Cu. As for Ba, Cr, Mg, and K, they do not accumulate in the FMNs. “Dilution” is typical of Si, Al, Na, and Ti. The main ore phases are strengite and amorphous Mn hydroxides. It has been revealed for the first time for the Chukchi Sea that Cu, Zn, Sn, Ni, Pb, W, Bi, Cr, Fe, Ti, Ag, Au, Y, Zr, and La–Nd lanthanides form individual mineral microphases in FMNs: native elements, intermetallic compounds, oxides, and, much more seldom, tungstates, silicates, and phosphates. Accessory ore mineralization is the best pronounced and most diverse in the platy nodules. Though the FMNs from the Chukchi Sea are diagenetic, high-temperature fluids are, most likely, the source of microinclusions of various accessory ore minerals.
Le mahr devant les tribunaux civils canadiens
Authors: Hardy-Dussault Marianne , Helly Denise 
Published: June 2013

Résumé
Les minorités issues de l’immigration s’adaptent à nombre de pratiques et de valeurs de leur société d’accueil. Cette adaptation est à double sens. L’État et les tribunaux peuvent être appelés à tenir compte de l’impact que peuvent avoir certaines pratiques qui ont un fondement religieux ou culturel. Ainsi, comme nous l’a enseigné l’arrêt Bruker c. Marcovitz, une obligation de nature religieuse peut être qualifiée de civile lorsque celle-ci est intégrée dans un contrat conclu au Canada. Il en est de même lorsque qu’elle a été contractée par des parties qui, à l’époque, résidaient à l’étranger. Quoiqu’elle puisse alors être considérée justiciable, il n’est pas toujours aisé pour les tribunaux canadiens de respecter la spécificité de la norme concernée. Les juges doivent en effet comprendre la portée de normes, le fonctionnement de certaines institutions ou l’importance de pratiques avec lesquelles ils ne sont pas a priori familiers. En ce qui concerne le mahr ou la dot, l’étude de la jurisprudence montre que la spécificité de cette pratique est parfois ignorée et que, lorsqu’elle est reconnue, l’exécution de l’obligation qu’elle suppose ne peut toujours être assurée.
Depth and minimal slope for surface flows of cohesive granular materials on inclined channels
Authors: de Ryck Alain , Louisnard Olivier 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present analytical predictions of the depth and onset slope of the steady surface flow of a cohesive granular material in an inclined channel. The rheology of Jop, Forterre & Pouliquen (Nature, vol. 441, 2006, pp. 727–730) is used, assuming co-axiality between the stress and strain-rate tensors, and a coefficient of friction dependent on the strain rate through the dimensionless inertial number $I$. This rheological law is augmented by a constant stress representing cohesion. Our analysis does not rely on a precise $\mu (I)$ functional, but only on its asymptotic power law in the limit of vanishing strain rates. Assuming a unidirectional flow, the Navier–Stokes equations can be solved explicitly to yield parametric equations of the iso-velocity lines in the plane perpendicular to the flow. Two types of channel walls are considered: rough and smooth, depicting walls whose friction coefficient is respectively larger or smaller than that of the flowing material. The steady flow starts above a critical onset angle and consists of a sheared zone confined between a surface plug flow and a deep dead zone. The details of the flow are discussed, depending on dimensionless parameters relating the static friction coefficient, cohesion strength of the material, incline angle, wall friction, and channel width. The depths of the flow at the centre of the channel and at the walls are calculated by a force balance on the flowing material. The critical angle for the onset of the flow is also calculated, and is found to be strongly dependent on the channel width, in agreement with experimental results on heap stability and in rotating drums. Our results predict the important conclusion that a cohesive material always starts to flow for an incline angle lower than 90° between smooth walls, whereas in a narrow enough channel with rough walls, it may not flow, even if the channel is inclined vertically.