bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of known cardiovascular risk factors on carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in school-aged children: a population based twin study
Authors: McCloskey K. , Sun C. , Pezic A. , Cochrane J. , Morley R. , Vuillermin P. , Burgner D. , Dwyer T. , Ponsonby A.-L. 
Published: May 2014

Childhood cardiovascular risk factors affect vascular function long before overt cardiovascular disease. Twin studies provide a unique opportunity to examine the influence of shared genetic and environmental influences on childhood cardiovascular function. We examined the relationship between birth parameters, markers of adiposity, insulin resistance, lipid profile and blood pressure and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), a validated non-invasive measure of arterial stiffness in a healthy cohort of school-aged twin children.PWV was performed on a population-based birth cohort of 147 twin pairs aged 7–11 years. Fasting blood samples, blood pressure and adiposity measures were collected concurrently. Mixed linear regression models were used to account for twin clustering, within- and between-twin pair associations.There were positive associations between both markers of higher adiposity, insulin resistance, elevated triglycerides and PWV, which remained significant after accounting for twin birth-set clustering. There was a positive association between both diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure and PWV in within-pair analysis in dizygotic, but not monozygotic twins, indicating genetic differences evident in dizygotic not monozygotic twins may affect these associations.Increased blood pressure, triglycerides and other metabolic markers are associated with increased PWV in school-aged twins. These results support both the genetic and environmental contribution to higher PWV, as a marker of arterial stiffness, and reiterate the importance of preventing metabolic syndrome from childhood.
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling: a common theme in mechanotransduction
Authors: Sharili Amir S. , Connelly John T. 
Published: May 2014

Cells sense their mechanical and physical environment through diverse mechanisms, and these interactions specify a wide range of responses including growth, survival, migration and differentiation. Although much work has focused on dissecting the adhesive and structural components of the cell responsible for transducing external mechanical forces into biochemical signalling cascades, only recently have studies begun to examine how mechanical signals are transmitted to the nucleus and activate specific gene expression programmes. One necessary step in these processes is the transport of signalling molecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The SRF (serum-response factor) and YAP (Yes-associated protein)/TAZ (transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif) pathways are known mediators of this process in multiple cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells, keratinocytes, mammary epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells. In addition, recent evidence suggests a potential role for β-catenin and Smad signalling in mechanotransduction, but further mechanistic studies are needed to prove this hypothesis. As a model system, the epidermis of the skin is one tissue in which nucleocytoplasmic shuttling mediates cellular mechanosensing and is essential for tissue development, homoeostasis and repair. We propose that nuclear translocation is a common element of mechanotransduction conserved across multiple cell types and tissues.
Coupled cellular therapy and magnetic targeting for airway regeneration
Authors: Ordidge Katherine L. , Gregori Maria , Kalber Tammy L. , Lythgoe Mark F. , Janes Sam M. , Giangreco Adam 
Published: May 2014

Airway diseases including COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), cystic fibrosis and lung cancer are leading causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality, with annual healthcare costs of billions of pounds. True regeneration of damaged airways offers the possibility of restoring lung function and protecting against airway transformation. Recently, advances in tissue engineering have allowed the development of cadaveric and biosynthetic airway grafts. Although these have produced encouraging results, the ability to achieve long-term functional airway regeneration remains a major challenge. To promote regeneration, exogenously delivered stem and progenitor cells are being trialled as cellular therapies. Unfortunately, current evidence suggests that only small numbers of exogenously delivered stem cells engraft within lungs, thereby limiting their utility for airway repair. In other organ systems, magnetic targeting has shown promise for improving long-term robust cell engraftment. This technique involves in vitro cell expansion, magnetic actuation and magnetically guided cell engraftment to sites of tissue damage. In the present paper, we discuss the utility of coupling stem cell-mediated cellular therapy with magnetic targeting for improving airway regeneration.
Method of nanocarbon/montmorillonite powder extraction
Authors: Tang Jialun , Zhang Zepeng , Zhou Daojin 
Published: May 2014

In this reported work, carbon/montmorillonite (C/MMT) nanometre particles and micrometre particles blended were extracted by the froth flotation method, extraction and density gradient centrifugation. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and particle size analysis were employed to characterise the C/MMT extracted before and after. The results have shown that the froth flotation method cannot effectively collect C/MMT nanocomposites, and the extraction is not effective, whereas density gradient centrifugation can collect vari‐size grained C/MMT nanocomposite particles. On using density gradient centrifugation, the thicknesses of C/MMT nanocomposite particles are <20 nm.
Genomic landscape of CD34
+
hematopoietic cells in myelodysplastic syndrome and gene mutation profiles as prognostic markers
Authors: Xu Lan , Gu Zhao-Hui , Li Yang , Zhang Jin-Li , Chang Chun-Kang , Pan Chun-Ming , Shi Jing-Yi , Shen Yang , Chen Bing , Wang Yue-Ying , Jiang Lu , Lu Jing , Xu Xin , Tan Jue-Ling , Chen Yu , Wang Sheng-Yue , Li Xiao , Chen Zhu , Chen Sai-Juan 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) represents a common hematopoietic disease, often in elderly patients, with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and complex disease mechanisms. Here, we report on characteristic genome lesions, clonal architecture, and distinct tumor clone expansion patterns in a group of patients with refractory anemia with excess blasts, the MDS subtype with the highest propensity to acute myeloid leukemia. An integrative gene mutation analysis in 196 patients with different MDS subtypes allowed a regulatory network of mutually cooperative or exclusive molecules to be discovered among eight functional categories, whereas the combination of a panel of marker genes of prognostic value with the revised-International Prognostic Scoring System may provide a better stratification system for MDS.
A fungal prenyltransferase catalyzes the regular di-prenylation at positions 20 and 21 of paxilline
Authors: Liu Chengwei , Noike Motoyoshi , Minami Atsushi , Oikawa Hideaki , Dairi Tohru 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A putative indole diterpene biosynthetic gene cluster composed of eight genes was identified in a genome database of Phomopsis amygdali, and from it, biosynthetic genes of fusicoccin A were cloned and characterized. The six genes showed significant similarities to pax genes, which are essential to paxilline biosynthesis in Penicillium paxilli. Recombinants of the three putative prenyltransferase genes in the cluster were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and characterized by means of in vitro experiments. AmyG is perhaps a GGDP synthase. AmyC and AmyD were confirmed to be prenyltransferases catalyzing the transfer of GGDP to IGP and a regular di-prenylation at positions 20 and 21 of paxilline, respectively. AmyD is the first know example of an enzyme with this function. The Km values for AmyD were calculated to be 7.6 ± 0.5 μM for paxilline and 17.9 ± 1.7 μM for DMAPP at a kcat of 0.12 ± 0.003/s.
Aquinas and Calvin on Romans
Authors: Raith II Charles 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Aquinas and Calvin on Romans is a comparative study of John Calvin’s and Thomas Aquinas’s commentaries on the first eight chapters of Paul’s letter to the Romans. Focusing on the role of human participation in God’s work of salvation, the book argues that Calvin’s critiques of the “schoolmen” arising from his reading of Romans fail to find a target in Aquinas’s theology while Calvin’s principal positive affirmations are embraced by Aquinas as well. Aquinas upholds many fundamental insights that Calvin would later also obtain in his reading of Romans, such as justification sola fide non merito (by faith alone and not by merit), the centrality of Christ for salvation, the ongoing imperfection of the sanctified life, the work of the Spirit guiding the believer along the path of sanctification, and the assurance of salvation that one obtains through the indwelling of the Spirit, to name only a few. Even more, numerous identical interpretations arising in their commentaries make it necessary to consider Calvin’s reading of Romans as appropriating a tradition of interpretation that includes Aquinas. At the same time, the nonparticipatory dimensions of Calvin’s reading of Romans become clear when set beside Aquinas’s reading, and these nonparticipatory dimensions create difficulties for Calvin’s interpretation, especially on Romans 8, that are not present in Aquinas’s account. The book therefore suggests how Calvin’s reading of Romans, especially as it pertains to justification and merit, should be augmented by the participatory framework reflected in Aquinas’s interpretation. The book concludes by revisiting Calvin’s criticisms of the Council of Trent in light of these suggestions.
Justification
Authors: Raith Charles 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Chapter 1 concentrates on Aquinas’s and Calvin’s interpretations of justification in Romans 1–3. A central point of continuity between Aquinas and Calvin is the unmerited reception of justification. Aquinas’s interpretation is in agreement with what Calvin calls the “main and cardinal point” of the first part of Romans: “we are justified by faith through the mercy of God alone.” Yet Aquinas affirms, while Calvin denies, transformative dimensions to justification, and this impacts the role of participation in their reading of Romans 1–3: since for Calvin justification is strictly what God does for us, rather than also what God does in and through us (as with Aquinas), key sections of his commentary on Romans 1–3 highlight Calvin’s limited participatory vision.
Peace with God, the Hope of Salvation, and the Adam–Christ Typology
Authors: Raith Charles 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Chapter 3 addresses Paul’s teaching on our peace with God, hope of salvation and eternal life, and the Adam–Christ typology. The chapter argues that since Aquinas believes that justification makes the believer a just person, peace with God is made possible on account of the new life the believer lives in grace; Calvin claims, however, that the believer is still condemnable in se, thus making peace a matter of the believer’s conscience resulting from contemplating Christ’s work on his or her behalf. Hope in future eternal life is not rooted in the life lived by the believer, as it is with Aquinas, but rather on having received Christ’s imputed justice extra nos. When Aquinas and Calvin turn to the Adam–Christ typology, Aquinas focuses on Christ’s restoration in the believer of that which was distorted by original sin; Calvin focuses on God’s judgment and contrasts it with God’s gift of Christ.
The Spirit’s Work of Transformation: Part 1
Authors: Raith Charles 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the transformation caused by the Spirit’s indwelling in connection with being united with Christ’s death in baptism. For Aquinas, the transformation enables the believer to avoid mortal sin in the future and perform meritorious works in the present while the believer continues to struggle with the remaining disorder of the flesh. Calvin, too, presents his version of the “Christian struggle,” but he asserts that the believer and his or her works are condemnable in se while being accepted in Christo. This contributes to Calvin’s rejection of merit and leads to a different reading of 6:23 than that of Aquinas, who upholds eternal life as both a gift and an object of merit. Part of Calvin’s nonparticipatory framework of human activity becomes evident in Calvin`s appropriation of the Scotistic notion of “acceptance.”
Life in the Spirit
Authors: Raith Charles 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Aquinas’s and Calvin’s explanations for why there is no condemnation for those in Christ Jesus (8:1). Since for Calvin the believer is still condemnable in se, the reason for no condemnation cannot be due to the Spirit’s sanctification; Paul must be turning back at 8:1 to the topic of justification, which for Calvin is something altogether distinct from transformation. “Suffering with Christ” becomes a necessary but extrinsic principle for obtaining the inheritance as sons in the Son, and the just requirements of the law are no longer fulfilled “in us” (8:4) but rather “for us” by Christ. Aquinas, however, interprets Romans 8:1 as speaking of two “conditions” for having no condemnation: being in Christ and walking by the Spirit. The justified believer is transformed so as to possess nothing damnable, and is enabled by the Spirit to live a life in avoidance of damnable activity.
Conclusion
Authors: Raith Charles 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Since the present study will necessarily have implications for contemporary ecumenical dialogue, this chapter suggests some of these implications by rereading Calvin’s engagement with the sixth session of the Council of Trent—where we find many of the same soteriological issues being engaged that appeared throughout Calvin’s and Aquinas’s commentaries on Romans, such as competitive causality, justification and merit, and imputation versus transformation—in light of the findings of this study. While the focus will necessarily shift more exclusively to Calvin, Aquinas is still present in the teachings of the Council, and anyone interested in soteriological participation and ecumenical engagement will benefit from the interaction between Calvin’s comments, Trent’s teachings, and the suggestions I offer. I conclude with some observations on understanding this present book as a work of ecumenical ressourcement and how this form of ecumenical engagement leads to a fruitful ecumenical future.
Phonetics in phonology
Authors: Ladd D. Robert 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAt least since Trubetzkoy it has been customary to distinguish phonology from phonetics. This is an important distinction, but it is not truly made by most linguists. Rather, IPA-based phonetic representations have played a crucial role in shaping assumptions and theoretical ideas in phonology since the emergence of the phonemic principle. First, the segmental idealization embodied in IPA representation entrenches a strongly sequential notion of phonological structure, which marginalizes ‘prosody’. Second, IPA phonetics implies the existence of universal categories, an idea that is poorly supported by instrumental phonetic data. True separation of phonology and phonetics can be achieved if surface segmental representations are defined separately for each language and therefore treated as part of phonology. Phonetics must be treated in quantitative terms.
Three Kinds of Moral Imagination
Authors: Chappell Sophie Grace 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn examination of three kinds of case that are interesting for the notion of the moral imagination. The first is ‘ticking-bomb scenarios’, and the topical question whether we should torture in them. Answering ‘Yes’ to this typically just displays a failure of moral imagination. The second is imaginary cases as these often come up in contemporary moral philosophy, to which we may apply a distinction between what we may call ‘open’ and ‘closed’ deliberation. The third kind of case is ‘encounters with The Other’. Two particular actual examples are contrasted: Hitler and the Jews in pre-WWI Vienna in Mein Kampf, and Patrick Leigh Fermor and a Rabbi and his sons in the forests of Rumania in 1938. The differences between Hitler’s and Fermor’s reactions to ‘the other’ that they encounter can revealingly be treated as differences in their moral imaginations.
Intuition, System, and the ‘Paradox’ of Deontology
Authors: Chappell Sophie Grace 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDeontological views in ethics have been thought by many recent commentators to face ‘the paradox of deontology’. The way to resolve the paradox is simply to see the diversity of the roles that our agency can play, and hence the diversity of our reasons. But systematic moral thinkers such as Kantians are not always hospitable to ‘untidy’ thoughts about diversity, even when, as in this case, such untidiness crucially helps their cause; they have also displayed a tendency, which we can trace in Kant himself, to look for ways of complicating the story in directions that are at best of dubious help to them.
On the Very Idea of Criteria for Personhood
Authors: Chappell Sophie Grace 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis chapter examines the familiar criterial view of personhood, according to which the possession of personal properties such as self-consciousness, emotionality, sentience, and so forth is necessary and sufficient for the status of a person. This view confuses criteria for personhood with components of an ideal of personhood. In normal cases, we have already identified a creature as a person before we start looking for it to manifest the personal properties, indeed this pre-identification is part of what makes it possible for us to see and interpret the creature as a person in the first place. This pre-identification is typically based on biological features. Except in some interesting special or science-fiction cases, it is human animals that we identify as persons.
Moral Certainties
Authors: Chappell Sophie Grace 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis chapter considers, and largely endorses, the thesis that there is no sceptical argument which entails that we don’t know that, for example, murder is bad which is as certain as our knowledge that murder is bad. For some ethical claims—the moral certainties—any reason that might be produced for doubting one of these claims will get into a ‘credibility contest’ with that claim; and it will lose. Insofar as we are rational, any witness or argument who tells us that any of these action-types, or any paradigm instance of any of them, is not in fact bad, will not undermine our confidence that they are bad, but our confidence in that witness or argument. Along the way consequences of this Moorean argument for realism and for moral epistemology are noticed and considered.
The Varieties of Knowledge in Plato and Aristotle
Authors: Chappell Sophie Grace 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis chapter develops the relatively familiar idea of a variety of forms of knowledge: not just propositional knowledge but also knowledge-how and experiential knowledge. It presents arguments against reductive projects aimed at showing that ‘really’ only one of these kinds of knowledge counts, or is basic. And it shows how this variety can be used to make interesting sense of Plato’s and Aristotle’s philosophy, sense which can feed into our overall understanding of ethics. The chapter then adds to this threefold analysis of knowledge a less familiar fourth variety, objectual knowledge, and suggests that this is also interesting and important both in the understanding of Plato and Aristotle, and in the understanding of ethics in general.
Technology Fundamentals
Authors: Bauer William I. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
An understanding of various technologies is an important component of one’s TPACK. This chapter presents the essential technological knowledge and skill necessary for a music educator to successfully begin to utilize technology for music learning. Topics include explanation of the key components of computers and their operating systems, description and comparison of MIDI and digital audio, discussion of graphic and video media, identification of types of music software and the evaluation of software titles, and exploration of Internet resources that may be used for music learning. Free and low cost implementations of these technologies are emphasized; using technology to facilitate music learning does not require excessive amounts of money. Since technologies are always being refined and improved, with new technologies that may be applicable to music learning constantly emerging, music educators need to maintain a mindset of ongoing professional learning in this area.
Performing Music
Authors: Bauer William I. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Grounded in the research and best practice literature, chapter 4 discusses concepts and skills, pedagogies, and technology related to musical performance. Technologies may be of assistance in learning psychomotor knowledge and skills, and in accomplishing effective musical practice. Models of exemplary performances and performers, along with feedback on performance may also be augmented through technology. The aural and visual skills necessary to read and write music with fluency, and the identification and selection of musical literature can be enhanced via technology. Technology can assist with traditional ensemble rehearsals and new technologies are creating new performance opportunities, even for people without a formal musical background. Technology facilitated learning in music performance classrooms has the potential to benefit both teachers and their students, and to allow more individuals to experience the joy and benefits of active musical participation through performance.
Assessment for Music Learning
Authors: Bauer William I. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Assessment is an essential aspect of teaching and learning. Not only is assessment necessary to determine if students have learned what teachers think they have taught, but it also informs the design of instruction and is used to adjust the specific teaching and learning strategies that are used over time. Numerous technological tools are available that enable teachers to be more efficient and effective with this process. This chapter is primarily concerned with the assessment of musical achievement in creative, psychomotor, and cognitive domains. It outlines essential assessment principles, discusses the technology-assisted development of assessments, explores technologies helpful to the process of assessing specific music learning outcomes, and describes new assessment approaches enabled by technology. The management of assessment data and processes via technology is also examined.
Pluralist Congregations
Authors: Marti Gerardo , Ganiel Gladys 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The book characterizes the congregations of the Emerging Church Movement (ECM) as pluralist congregations, seeing them as rare examples of religious institutions that—rather than failing to recognize or trying to suppress diversity—instead try to facilitate it. Pluralist congregations are social spaces that permit and even foster direct interaction between people with religiously contradictory perspectives and value systems. Pluralist congregations are distinct in promoting individualism while at the same time providing a basis for community around shared experiences and relationships. Pluralist congregations exemplify what sociologist Ulrich Beck has called “cooperative egoism,” striving to form the basis for a religious orientation that straddles the tension between individualism and collective identity. In short, even within the loosest of emerging churches, the ECM is a congregational faith, one that relies on relationships, regular gatherings, and involvement.