bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family psychiatric morbidity of acute and transient psychotic disorders and their relationship to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Castagnini A. C. , Laursen T. M. , Mortensen P. B. , Bertelsen A. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundAlthough transient psychotic disorders are currently classified as a category separate from schizophrenia (SZ) and affective disorders, their distinctive features remain uncertain. This study examines the family psychiatric morbidity of the ICD-10 category of ‘acute and transient psychotic disorders’ (ATPDs), pointing out differences from SZ and bipolar disorder (BD).MethodFrom a cohort of 2.5 million persons, we identified all patients enrolled in the Danish Psychiatric Register who were ever admitted with ATPDs (n=2537), SZ (n = 10639) and BD disorder (n=5292) between 1996 and 2008. The relative risk (RR) of ATPDs, SZ and BD associated with psychiatric morbidity in first-degree relatives (FDRs) was calculated as the incidence rate ratio using Poisson regression.ResultsThe RR of ATPDs [1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.76–2.11] was higher if patients with ATPDs had at least one FDR admitted with any mental disorder than patients without family psychiatric antecedents. An additional risk arose if they had FDRs admitted not only with ATPDs (RR 1.60, 95% CI 1.33–1.92) but also with SZ (RR 2.06, 95% CI 1.70–2.50) and/or BD (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.23–1.96). Despite some overlap, the risk of SZ (RR 2.80, 95% CI 2.58–3.04) and BD (RR 3.68, 95% CI 3.29–4.12) was markedly higher if patients with SZ and BD had FDRs admitted with the same condition.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that family psychiatric predisposition has a relatively modest impact on ATPDs and argue against a sharp differentiation of ATPDs from SZ and BD.
Women Sex-spies: Chastity, National Dignity, Legitimate Government and Ding Ling's “When I was in Xia Village”
Authors: Edwards Louise 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article examines 70 years of debate about Ding Ling's 1941 influential short story about a woman spy, “When I was in Xia Village.” In the article I show that the re-absorption of “our” female spies into post-conflict solidarity narratives is a fraught process. For national governments, the difficulty lies in asserting the moral legitimacy of their rule in the face of evidence about their deployment of women as sex spies. For national populations, the difficulty lies in the desire to construct reassuring victory stories within which peacetime normalcy can be restored. The diverse exegeses around Ding Ling's “Xia Village” reveal that even decades after the hostilities cease, “our” women sex spies still require an explanation to communities seeking to consolidate or “remember” their national virtue. The evolution of this process of “explaining” reveals the on-going importance of sexual morality to governance in current-day China. Specifically, through the analysis of the critiques of “Xia Village” the article demonstrates that female chastity has been and continues to be an important commodity in establishing and sustaining popular perceptions of the moral virtue of the PRC as a nation, and the CCP as its legitimate government.
Film and tourism: the imagined place and the place of the imagined
Authors: Pires Basáñez Rafael , Ingram Hadyn 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider how film can induce image, both individually and collectively. In particular, the psychological drivers of film are explored and how these may impact on tourism visitation. The impacts of film and cinema are explored, as is the relationship between tourists' motivation and purchase behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe authors review the limited literature on the subject, seeking commonalities and resonances between film and tourism. A focus group is used to develop a perceptual map with which to better understand the phenomenon and a questionnaire was conducted to research attitudes towards film and propensity towards film‐induced behaviour.FindingsThe paper suggests that there are commonalities between film and tourism and that film can evoke powerful and long‐lasting images with the viewer, thus creating marketing opportunities for destination marketing organisations (DMOs).Practical implicationsWith greater understanding of the nature and power of filmic image, it is hoped that tourism DMOs may develop more effective strategies for attracting visitors to destinations.Originality/valueResearch in this topic is very limited and, as far as the authors are aware, there is nothing which adopts an in‐depth approach on the nature and application of film‐induced tourism.
Flourishing in a dictatorship: Agfa's marketing and the Nazi regime
Authors: Berghoff Hartmut , Kolbow Berti 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand how Agfa, a division of IG Farben and Germany's leading producer of photographic equipment, adapted its marketing strategy to the new political environment created by the Nazi regime. This was a time when many consumer goods manufacturers suffered from the state‐driven reallocation of resources favoring the armament industry. Agfa, however, expanded its production well into the war.Design/methodology/approachThis case study is based on archival records of Agfa's sales department.FindingsThis paper shows that Hitler's armament drive left room for non‐essential consumer goods such as cameras, film, and photographic paper as they fitted the regime's consumption policy, as well as its import and foreign exchange policy. A pioneer in marketing, Agfa was able to secure its growth strategy and its room to maneuver by focusing its product and promotion program on the socioeconomic needs of the “Volksgemeinschaft” and the “Four Year Plan”.Originality/valueThis paper sheds new light on the often‐underestimated role of consumption during the “Third Reich.” Furthermore, it supports the evolutionary – rather than revolutionary – nature of the history of marketing practice in Germany, as Agfa's interwar marketing policy features many sophisticated modern elements prior to the “Marketing Revolution” of the 1960s.
Validation of the Arabic version of the Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental States (CAARMS) in Tunisian adolescents and young adults
Authors: Braham Amel , Bannour Ahmed Souhail , Ben Romdhane Asma , Nelson Barnabay , Bougumiza Iheb , Ben Nasr Selma , ElKissi Yousri , Ben Hadj Ali Bechir 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAim:The study aimed to examine whether the Arabic version of the Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental States (CAARMS) has good construct validity, concurrent validity and reliability.Methods:Validity was established on a sample of 58 Tunisian adolescents and young adults aged between 16 and 30 years. These subjects were divided into three groups according to the CAARMS scores: ultra‐high risk positive subjects (UHR (+) ) (n = 22), ultra‐high risk negative subjects (UHR (–) ) (n = 25) and subjects meeting the criteria of a first‐episode psychosis (FEP) (n = 11). For construct validity, we used the convergent validity. We used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) concomitantly with the CAARMS. For concurrent validity, we studied the correlation between symptoms of the CAARMS and their equivalents in the PANSS. The CAARMS reliability was conducted by the study of interrater reliability.Results:The UHR (+) group was shown with intermediate scores of PANSS between the two groups UHR (–) and FEP. That confirms a good construct validity of the Arabic version of the CAARMS. We noted a correlation between the scores in positive and negative sections measured by the CAARMS and their corresponding level of the PANSS. These results show that the CAARMS has a good concurrent validity with the PANSS. For the reliability study, we noted a good correlation between the two raters with a Pearson coefficient ranging from 0.55 to 0.90.Conclusion:Analysis of the results of construct validity, concurrent validity and reliability of the CAARMS indicates that this version translated into Arabic is valid and reliable.
Environmental Justice, Environmentalism, and Environmental History in Twentieth‐Century Latin America
Authors: Wakild Emily 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEnvironmental histories of Latin America have reached a critical mass. The breadth, depth, and sophistication of this new literature merit comparisons to less conventionally environmental topics, such as labor and politics, and new strands of environmental research, such as environmental justice. While the field of Latin American environmental history for the twentieth century is far from complete or comprehensive, one of its strengths is the simultaneous consideration of social relationships (including struggles for justice) and the natural world. Rather than a need to catch up with other historiographies that have bifurcated environmental history and environmental justice, this integrated model of investigation places recent scholarship in a strategic place to make history more policy relevant. Going forward, scholars should continue to find and fuse environmental history and environmental justice studies and refrain from letting distinctions among subfields conceal rich thematic harmony.
Validation of the Hong Kong Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Paediatric Dentistry (HKOHLAT‐P)
Authors: Wong Hai Ming , Bridges Susan M. , Yiu Cynthia K. Y. , McGrath Colman P. J. , Au Terry K. , Parthasarathy Divya S. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundOral health literacy is a newly emerging field with considerable research potential.AimTo validate an original instrument, the Hong Kong Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task (HKOHLAT‐P) for paediatric dentistry.DesignA convenient sample of 200 child/parent dyads attending a dental hospital in Hong Kong was selected. Convergent validity was tested by examining the association of HKOHLAT‐P scores with those derived from the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Dentistry (TOFHLiD) and Hong Kong Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (HKREALD‐30). The predictive validity of HKOHLAT‐P was determined by testing the association between HKOHLAT‐P and children's caries experience (dmft) and the Chinese Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). The test‐retest reliability and internal consistency of HKOHLAT‐P were also evaluated.ResultsHKOHLAT‐P was positively correlated with TOFHLiD and HKREALD‐30 (P < 0.01), and was negatively correlated with children's dmft and ECOHIS. In the regression model, HKOHLAT‐P was associated with TOFHLiD, HKEALD‐30, children's dmft, and ECOHIS (P < 0.05) after controlling for participants' demographic characteristics. The intra‐class correlation coefficient of HKOHLAT‐P was 0.63 and the Cronbach's α was 0.71.ConclusionInitial testing of HKOHLAT‐P suggested that it is a valid and reliable instrument.
Genotype by environment interaction and model comparison for growth traits of Santa Ines sheep
Authors: Santana M.L. , Bignardi A.B. , Eler J.P. , Cardoso F.F. , Ferraz J.B.S. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe objectives of the present study were to compare alternative models for the genetic evaluation and assess the importance of genotype by environment interaction (G×E) in the estimation of genetic parameters and genetic evaluation of birth weight (BW), weight at 60 days of age (W60) and weight at 180 days of age (W180) of Santa Ines sheep. Data comprise 7622BW, 4673 W60 and 2830 W180 records from animals born in 44 Brazilian herds. Four models were used for the analyses: animal model (AM) with homogeneous residual variance (1), or heterogeneous residual variance (2), hierarchical reaction norms model (HRNM) with homogeneous (1) or heterogeneous residual variance (2). The models that best fit theBW, W60 and W180 data wereAM2,HRNM1 andHRNM2 respectively. Thus, models for genetic evaluation that consider heterogeneity of variances are recommended to evaluate growth traits of sheep. The correlation between intercept and slope of theHRNMwas higher than 0.70 for all traits studied, indicating that animals with higher average breeding values responded better to improvement in environmental conditions, a fact characterizing the scale effect of G×E. Therefore, G×E is an important factor to be considered in the estimation of genetic parameters and genetic evaluation of growth traits of sheep.
The relative impact of psoriasis and obesity on socioeconomic and medical outcomes in psoriasis patients
Authors: Kim G.E. , Seidler E. , Kimball A.B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder that is associated with obesity. Independently, both psoriasis and obesity likely impose impressive physical and psychosocial burdens on affected patients.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative impact of body mass index (BMI) on the socioeconomic status, medical co‐morbidities, and current and chronic quality of life of psoriasis patients.MethodsOverall, 114 subjects were examined and asked to complete a self‐administered questionnaire regarding disabilities, relationships, education, as well as medical and economic outcomes. Participants also answered the ten questions used in the Dermatology Life Quality Index modified to ask ‘over the last week’, ‘over the last year’ and ‘over your lifetime with psoriasis’. Survey responses were compared amongst the three patient groups based on BMI (normal, overweight, obese).ResultsPatients with elevated BMI were more likely to rate their general health lower (P < 0.001), believe that psoriasis caused their weight gain (P = 0.014), experience sleep problems over their lifetime (P = 0.016), hide their psoriasis over their lifetime (P = 0.010), have their self‐confidence affected by their psoriasis over their lifetime (P = 0.011) and avoid common activities over their lifetime (P = 0.012).ConclusionThere are long‐term negative effects of elevated BMI that impose additional burdens on psoriasis patients, including impairments in sleep quality and increased social anxiety.
Impact of a School‐Based Pediatric Obesity Prevention Program Facilitated by Health Professionals
Authors: Johnston Craig A. , Moreno Jennette P. , El‐Mubasher Abeer , Gallagher Martina , Tyler Chermaine , Woehler Deborah 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study evaluated a school‐based obesity intervention for elementary school children (N = 835) where health professionals assisted teachers with the integration of healthy messages into the school curriculum.METHODSSchools were randomized into a professional‐facilitated intervention (PFI; N = 4) or a self‐help (SH; N = 3) condition. Changes in weight‐based outcomes were assessed in students enrolled in the second grade from all 7 schools (overall: N = 835 students; PFI: N = 509 students, SH: N = 326 students). Students were between ages 7 and 9 and from diverse ethnic backgrounds (Asian = 25.3%, Black = 23.3%, Hispanic = 23.1%, White = 28.3%). The sample included 321 overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 85th percentile), 477 normal‐weight (BMI ≥ 5th percentile and <85th percentile), and 37 underweight (BMI < 5th percentile) students.RESULTSAfter 2 years, children who were overweight/obese in the PFI condition significantly reduced their standardized BMI (zBMI) compared to children in the SH condition (Wald χ2 = 28.7, p < .001). End‐of‐year grades decreased for overweight/obese students in both conditions; however, students in the PFI exhibited a smaller decrease in grades compared to the SH condition (Wald χ2 = 80.3, p < .001).CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that an obesity prevention program where health professionals assist teachers by integrating healthy messages into existing curriculum was effective in reducing zBMI compared to the SH condition.
Blueprints of Signaling Interactions between Pattern Recognition Receptors: Implications for the Design of Vaccine Adjuvants
Authors: Timmermans Kim , Plantinga Theo S. , Kox Matthijs , Vaneker Michiel , Scheffer Gert Jan , Adema Gosse J. , Joosten Leo A. B. , Netea Mihai G. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTInnate immunity activation largely depends on recognition of microorganism structures by Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs). PRR downstream signaling results in production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Moreover, PRR engagement in antigen-presenting cells initiates the activation of adaptive immunity. Recent reports suggest that for the activation of innate immune responses and initiation of adaptive immunity, synergistic effects between two or more PRRs are necessary. No systematic analysis of the interaction between the major PRR pathways were performed to date. In this study, a systematical analysis of the interactions between PRR signaling pathways was performed. PBMCs derived from 10 healthy volunteers were stimulated with either a single PRR ligand or a combination of two PRR ligands. Known ligands for the major PRR families were used: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RigI-helicases. After 24 h of incubation, production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-10 was measured in supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The consistency of the PRR interactions (both inhibitory and synergistic) between the various individuals was assessed. A number of PRR-dependent signaling interactions were found to be consistent, both between individuals and with regard to multiple cytokines. The combinations of TLR2 and NOD2, TLR5 and NOD2, TLR5 and TLR3, and TLR5 and TLR9 acted as synergistic combinations. Surprisingly, inhibitory interactions between TLR4 and TLR2, TLR4 and Dectin-1, and TLR2 and TLR9 as well as TLR3 and TLR2 were observed. These consistent signaling interactions between PRR combinations may represent promising targets for immunomodulation and vaccine adjuvant development.
The Milesian Connection: Dan 11:23 and Antiochus IV’s Rise to Power
Authors: Scolnic Benjamin Edidin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe phrasebm‘t goyin Dan 11:23 has been called “barbarous” and “curious.” In the context of a verse that seems to say that Antiochus IV will rise to power with the help of a small band of conspirators, it seems quite strange to call the group a “little nation.” The phrase may refer to several members of one small nation, Miletus, who formed a network that brought Antiochus IV to the Seleucid throne. Two powerful families of officials in the kingdom of Antiochus IV, those of Apollonius son of Menestheus and Timarchus, came from Miletus in Asia Minor, an independent city that was not part of the Seleucid kingdom. I will suggest that the Milesians Apollonius, governor of Coele Syria and Phoenicia, and Timarchus, later satrap of Babylonia, and his brother Heraclides, later treasurer of the kingdom, formed a web that helped to bring Antiochus IV to the Seleucid throne with the essential help of Eirenias, the Milesian statesman who was an ambassador to both Eumenes II, king of Pergamon, and the Seleucid court.
Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from India, Pakistan and Bhutan in 2007–2011
Authors: Sethi Sunil , Golparian Daniel , Bala Manju , Dorji Dorji , Ibrahim Muhammad , Jabeen Kausar , Unemo Magnus 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Knowledge on antimicrobial drug resistance and genetic characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates circulating in India, Pakistan, and Bhutan is sorely lacking. In this paper, we describe the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics of N. gonorrhoeae isolates from India, Pakistan, and Bhutan in 2007–2011.

Methods
Antimicrobial susceptibility and β-lactamase production were tested for 65 N. gonorrhoeae isolates from India (n=40), Pakistan (n=18) and Bhutan (n=7) using Etest methodology (eight antimicrobials) and nitrocefin solution, respectively. Resistance determinants, i.e. penA, mtrR, porB1b, gyrA, and parC, were sequenced. N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) was performed for molecular epidemiology.

Results
The highest resistance level was observed for ciprofloxacin (94%), followed by penicillin G (68%), erythromycin (62%), tetracycline (55%), and azithromycin (7.7%). All the isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefixime, and spectinomycin. Thirty-four (52%) of the isolates were producing β-lactamase. No penA mosaic alleles or A501-altered alleles of penicillin-binding protein 2 were identified. Forty-nine NG-MAST STs were identified, of which 42 STs have not been previously described worldwide.

Conclusions
Based on this study, ceftriaxone, cefixime, and spectinomycin can be used as an empirical first-line therapy for gonorrhoea in India, Pakistan, and Bhutan, whereas ciprofloxacin, penicillin G, tetracycline, erythromycin, and azithromycin should not be. It is imperative to strengthen the laboratory infrastructure in this region, as well as to expand the phenotypic and genetic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, emergence of new resistance, particularly, to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and molecular epidemiology.
APLP2 regulates neuronal stem cell differentiation during cortical development
Authors: Shariati S. Ali M. , Lau Pierre , Hassan Bassem A. , Müller Ulrike , Dotti Carlos G. , De Strooper Bart , Gärtner Annette 
Published: January 2013

SummaryExpression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its two paralogues, APLP1 and APLP2 during brain development coincides with key cellular events such as neuronal differentiation and migration. However, genetic knockout and shRNA studies have led to contradictory conclusions about their role during embryonic brain development. To address this issue, we analysed in depth the role of APLP2 during neurogenesis by silencing APLP2 in vivo in an APP/APLP1 double knockout mouse background. We find that under these conditions cortical progenitors remain in their undifferentiated state much longer, displaying a higher number of mitotic cells. In addition, we show that neuron-specific APLP2 downregulation does not impact the speed or position of migrating excitatory cortical neurons. In summary, our data reveal that APLP2 is specifically required for proper cell cycle exit of neuronal progenitors, and thus has a distinct role in priming cortical progenitors for neuronal differentiation.