bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonality and Activity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Rhizosphere of Endemic Tree Species
Authors: Lambais Érica Olandini , de Souza Tancredo Augusto Feitosa , Késsia Paloma , Nascimento Gislaine dos Santos , Macedo Rodrigo , de Bakker Alexandre Pereira , Lambais George Rodrigues , Dias Bruno Oliveira , da Silva Fraga Vânia 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis study analyzed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) activity and soil chemical properties in Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Bauhinia ungulata, Caesalpinia pyramidalis, and Caesalpinia ferrea. AMF spores, root colonization, total glomalin‐related soil protein (T‐GRSP), easily extracted GRSP (EE‐GRSP), and soil chemical properties were measured four times (July 2019, 2020 and December 2019, 2020). Significant differences were observed in AMF spores, root colonization, T‐GRSP, and EE‐GRSP among the plant species and across seasons. For soil chemical properties, we observed differences among plant species. During the dry season, B. ungulata and C. pyramidalis had the highest AMF spores and root colonization (57.3 ± 0.27 spores 50 g soil−1 and 48.8 ± 1.05, respectively), whereas during the rainy season, C. pyramidalis and C. ferrea showed the highest AMF spores and root colonization (36.6 ± 0.13 spores 50 g soil−1 and 62.2 ± 1.17, respectively). A. pyrifolium showed the highest T‐GRSP in both seasons. On the basis of the soil chemical properties, we found that (i) A. pyrifolium, B. ungulata, and C. ferrea showed the highest soil organic carbon (1.32 ± 0.03 g kg−1), phosphorus (7.01 ± 0.26 mg kg−1), and soil pH (5.85 ± 0.23) and (ii) C. pyramidalis showed the highest Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, H+ + Al3+, K+, and soil total nitrogen (1.36 ± 0.04, 0.73 ± 0.01, 3.72 ± 0.85, 4.56 ± 0.12 cmolc kg−1, 15.43 ± 1.53 mg kg−1, and 0.16 ± 0.01 g kg−1, respectively). Our results highlight the advantage of AMF spores as perennating structures over other AM fungal propagules in seasonal vegetation like Caatinga.
Evaluating Poetry: Navigating the Divide between Aesthetical and Creativity Judgments
Authors: Chaudhuri Soma , Pickering Alan , Bhattacharya Joydeep 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe comprehension and appreciation of poetry are inherently subjective, involving both creativity and aesthetic appeal. However, do these assessments of aesthetics and creativity rely on identical criteria, or do they vary depending on underlying factors? We addressed this question in this study. Participants (N = 96) evaluated 25 English poems across nine subjective characteristics: reading fluency, vivid imagery, perceived emotions (valence and arousal), surprise, originality, usefulness, aesthetic appeal, and creativity. Linear mixed‐model analysis revealed that a poem's creativity was primarily predicted by its originality, followed by its usefulness and vivid imagery. Conversely, the evaluation of a poem's aesthetic appeal followed a different route; it was mainly predicted by a poem's reading fluency, followed by arousal, valence, and vivid imagery. Additionally, the association between creativity and originality was significantly moderated by participants' personality traits, specifically, openness, vividness of visual imagery, and curiosity. The relationship between aesthetic appeal and reading fluency was moderated by the vividness of auditory imagery trait. These findings suggest that a poem's creativity evaluation closely aligns with the standard definition of creativity, relying on its originality and usefulness. The study provides novel insights into the implicit internal models in the evaluation of poetry.
Migrating ripples create streambed heterogeneity altering microbial diversity and metabolic activity
Authors: Oprei Anna , Schreckinger José , Kamjunke Norbert , Worrich Anja , Mutz Michael , Risse‐Buhl Ute 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSandy sediments of lowland streams are typically transported at low flow in the form of migrating ripples. In these bedforms, microbial communities spanning all trophic guilds (heterotrophic bacteria, fungi, photoautotrophic and phagotrophic protists) are exposed to highly frequent moving–resting cycles of sediment grains. Up to date, it is unknown to what extent ripple migration impacts community metabolism and composition as well as the vertical zonation of sediment‐associated multitrophic microbial communities compared to stationary sediments. We hypothesize that, as a result of mechanical abrasion and limited light supply, migrating ripple sediments have lower microbial abundance, diversity, metabolism and resource acquisition and no vertical zonation compared to stationary sediments. We collected samples from five lowland streams in north‐eastern Germany between May and June 2020. The coarser and better sorted sediments of migrating ripples had a higher oxygen concentration and less organic matter than stationary sediments. Photosynthetic pigments, potential extracellular enzyme activities, bacterial cell counts, and fungal gene copies were lower in migrating ripples than in stationary sediments. In contrast, cell‐specific bacterial production was higher in migrating ripples. Metabarcoding revealed that bedform migration was important in shaping the community structure of bacteria, fungi, and phagotrophic protists. Dry mass‐related net community production, respiration, and bacterial production were higher in superficial compared to underlying layers irrespective of sediment transport. By modulating the abundance, diversity, and structure of different trophic guilds of microbial communities and their resource acquisition, migrating bedforms create streambed heterogeneity, shaping regional biodiversity and the flow of matter through the benthic food web.
On differentiability of Sobolev functions with respect to the Sobolev norm
Authors: Gol'dshtein Vladimir , Hashash Paz , Ukhlov Alexander 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe study connections between the ‐differentiability and the ‐differentiability of Sobolev functions. We prove that ‐differentiability implies the ‐differentiability, but the opposite implication is not valid. The notion of approximate differentiability is discussed as well. In addition, we consider the ‐differentiability of Sobolev functions ‐almost everywhere.
Outcomes for children with recurrent/refractory atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor: A single‐institution study with molecular correlation
Authors: Carey Steven S. , Huang Jie , Myers Jason R. , Mostafavi Roya , Orr Brent A. , Dhanda Sandeep Kumar , Michalik Layna H. , Tatevossian Ruth G. , Klimo Paul , Boop Frederick , Lu Congyu , Sioson Edgar , Zhou Xin , Nichols Kim E. , Merchant Thomas E. , Ellison David W. , Robinson Giles W. , Onar‐Thomas Arzu , Gajjar Amar , Upadhyaya Santhosh A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurvival data for recurrent pediatric atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) and its association to molecular groups are extremely limited.MethodsSingle‐institution retrospective study of 64 children less than 21 years old with recurrent or treatment‐refractory (progressive disease [PD]) ATRT treated at St. Jude Hospital from January 2000 to December 2020. Demographic, clinicopathologic, treatment, molecular grouping (SHH, TYR, and MYC) and germline data were collected. Progression‐free survival (PFS2: time from PD to subsequent first progression) and overall survival (OSpostPD: time from PD to death/last follow‐up) were estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsMedian age at and time from initial diagnosis to PD were 2.1 years (range: 0.5–17.9 years) and 5.4 months (range: 0.5–125.6 months), respectively. Only five of 64 children (7.8%) are alive at median follow‐up of 10.9 (range: 4.2–18.1) years from PD. The 2/5‐year PFS2 and OSpostPD were 3.1% (±1.8%)/1.6% (±1.1%) and 20.3% (±4.8%)/7.3% (±3.5%), respectively. Children with TYR group (n = 10) had a better OSpostPD compared to those with MYC (n = 11) (2‐year survival estimates: 60.0% ± 14.3% vs. 18.2% ± 9.5%; p = .019), or those with SHH (n = 21; 4.8% ± 3.3%; p = .014). In univariate analyses, OSpostPD was better with older age at diagnosis (p = .037), female gender (p = .008), and metastatic site of PD compared to local or combined sites of PD (p < .001). Two‐year OSpostPD for patients receiving any salvage therapy (n = 39) post PD was 33.3% ± 7.3%.ConclusionsChildren with recurrent/refractory ATRT have dismal outcomes. Older age at diagnosis, female gender, TYR group, and metastatic site of PD were associated with relatively longer survival in our study.
The Role of Structural Flexibility in Hydrocarbon‐Stapled Peptides Designed to Block Viral Infection via Human ACE2 Mimicry
Authors: Jiang Sicheng , Tian Yu , Nicolaescu Vlad , Mansurov Aslan , Randall Glenn , Tirrell Matthew V. , LaBelle James L. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic drove a uniquely fervent pursuit to explore the potential of peptide, antibody, protein, and small‐molecule‐based antiviral agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The interaction between the SARS‐CoV2 spike protein with the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor that mediates viral cell entry was a particularly interesting target given its well‐described protein–protein interaction (PPI). This PPI is mediated by an α‐helical portion of ACE2 binding to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein and thought to be susceptible to blockade through molecular mimicry. Small numbers of hydrocarbon‐stapled synthetic peptides designed to disrupt or block this interaction were tested individually and were found to have variable efficacy despite having related or overlapping sequences and similarly increased α‐helicity. Reasons for these differences are unclear and reported preclinical successes have been limited. This study sought to better understand reasons for these differences through evaluation of a comprehensive collection of hydrocarbon‐stapled peptides, designed based on four distinct principles: stapling position, number of staples, amino acid sequence, and primary sequence length. Surprisingly, we observed that the helicity and amino acid sequence iterations of hydrocarbon‐stapled peptides did not correlate with their bioactivity. Our results highlight the importance of iterative and combinatorial testing of these compounds to determine a configuration that best mimics natural binding and allows for chain flexibility while sacrificing structural helicity.
Using mobile phone data to capture residential segregation and its association with travel mobility
Authors: Pan Yu , He Sylvia Y. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study measures residential segregation and investigates its association with travel mobility by using mobile phone data from Shenzhen, China. It considers residential segregation in terms of income level and migrant group; and travel mobility in terms of travel frequency, activity space, and travel distance. Unlike previous research on residential segregation and travel mobility, our research uses mobile phone data to produce empirical evidence. The extent of segregation between different migrant and income‐level groups is measured using the location quotient and Getis‐Ord index. This enables us to develop a linear regression model with which to investigate the associations of residential segregation with travel mobility. The study results show that the segregation of middle‐ and low‐income groups and migrants from Southwestern China and Jiangxi is negatively associated with travel mobility among those in the suburbs; meanwhile, for groups segregated in the city center, there is a positive association with travel mobility. These findings suggest that residential segregation is especially adverse for the travel mobility of disadvantaged groups and those living in the suburbs. Accordingly, the paper presents policy recommendations that would enhance travel mobility by alleviating the problems associated with the residential segregation of socially disadvantaged groups living in the suburbs.
Combined matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐mass spectrometry imaging with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry for observing spatial distribution of lipids in whole Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Vandenbosch Michiel , van Hove Erika R. Amstalden , Mohren Ronny , Vermeulen Isabeau , Dijkman Henry , Heeren Ron M. A. , Leonards Pim E. G. , Hughes Samantha 
Published: July 2024

RationaleMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) is a powerful label‐free technique for biomolecule detection (e.g., lipids), within tissue sections across various biological species. However, despite its utility in many applications, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is not routinely used in combination with MALDI‐MSI. The lack of studies exploring spatial distribution of biomolecules in nematodes is likely due to challenges with sample preparation.MethodsThis study developed a sample preparation method for whole intact nematodes, evaluated using cryosectioning of nematodes embedded in a 10% gelatine solution to obtain longitudinal cross sections. The slices were then subjected to MALDI‐MSI, using a RapifleX Tissuetyper in positive and negative polarities. Samples were also prepared for liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analysis using an Exploris 480 coupled to a HPLC Vanquish system to confirm the MALDI‐MSI results.ResultsAn optimised embedding method was developed for longitudinal cross‐sectioning of individual worms. To obtain longitudinal cross sections, nematodes were frozen at −80°C so that all worms were rod shaped. Then, the samples were defrosted and transferred to a 10% gelatine matrix in a cryomold; the worms aligned, and the whole cryomold submerged in liquid nitrogen. Using MALDI‐MSI, we were able to observe the distribution of lipids within C. elegans, with clear differences in their spatial distribution at a resolution of 5 μm. To confirm the lipids from MALDI‐MSI, age‐matched nematodes were subjected to LC‐MS/MS. Here, 520 lipids were identified using LC‐MS/MS, indicating overlap with MALDI‐MSI data.ConclusionsThis optimised sample preparation technique enabled (un)targeted analysis of spatially distributed lipids within individual nematodes. The possibility to detect other biomolecules using this method thus laid the basis for prospective preclinical and toxicological studies on C. elegans.
Community‐acquired necrotizing pneumonia caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a healthy pregnant woman after being infected with influenza A: A case report for early warning
Authors: Do Thanh Hoa , Anh Duc Vu , Hai Ghi Nguyen , Le Xuan Duong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA previously healthy woman, 5 weeks pregnant, was admitted to the intensive care unit in critical condition for septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome due to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) after being infected with Influenza for 3 days. The patient in this case suffered from severe sequelae due to necrotizing pneumonia and later died on the 20th day after admission. We would like to remind clinicians to be aware of this rare but serious diagnosis. The key is to begin appropriate treatment immediately because MRSA necrotizing pneumonia is mediated by toxins and once the toxins are released they cannot be limited by antibiotic treatments. Necrotizing pneumonia related to MRSA should be considered in young patients with pneumonia, sepsis, and neutropenia following seasonal influenza infection with rapidly progressive symptoms.
Enhancing GaN Nanowires Performance Through Partial Coverage with Oxide Shells
Authors: Szymon Radoslaw , Zielony Eunika , Sobanska Marta , Stachurski Tomasz , Reszka Anna , Wierzbicka Aleksandra , Gieraltowska Sylwia , Zytkiewicz Zbigniew R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCore‐shell gallium nitride (GaN)‐based nanowires offer noteworthy opportunities for innovation in high‐frequency opto‐ and microelectronics. This work delves deeply into the physical properties of crystalline GaN nanowires with aluminum and hafnium oxide shells. Particular attention is paid to partial coverage of nanowires, resulting with exceptional properties. First, the crystal lattice relaxation is observed by X‐ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy measurements. A high potential of partial coverage for optoelectronic applications is revealed with photo‐ and cathodoluminescence spectra along with an exploration of their temperature dependency. Next, the study focuses on understanding the mechanisms behind the observed enhancement of the luminescence efficiency. It is confirmed that nanowires are effectively protected against photoadsorption using partial coatings. This research advances the frontiers of nanotechnology, investigating the benefits of partial coverage, and shedding light on its complex interaction with cores.
The impacts of season extension on upper Great Lakes shipping
Authors: Rust Daniel L. , Stewart Richard D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article is a synopsis of the first phase of a multiyear study completed for the Wisconsin Sea Grant on the impact of an extended shipping season on the Great Lakes because of climate change. The new factors of reduced ice coverage and the completion of a second Poe‐sized lock at the Sault Ste. Marie were considered in analyzing the possible changes. This article outlines the study's methodology, summarizes findings, and discusses the potential impact of season extension on vessels, ports, personnel, and beneficial cargo owners.
The financial impact of delays to percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery at a county hospital
Authors: Palasi Stephen F. , Rivas Alexis , Owen Christopher K. , Rajendran Rohit , Macias Juanita , Gregg Justin , McCarty Melina , da Silva Rodrigo Donalisio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionPercutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard management for complex renal stone disease. However, the implications of delays in PCNL are under‐explored. We hypothesized that increased time prior to intervention in a county hospital system would be associated with higher hospital charges, increased clinic and hospital visits, and increased procedural interventions.MethodsA single‐center retrospective chart review of 132 adult patients undergoing PCNL at a county hospital from April 2019 to December 2022 was performed. Groups were organized based on time from diagnosis to surgery (<4 months, 4–6 months, >6 months). Key outcomes included hospital charges, insurance types, ureteral stent versus nephrostomy decompression, presence of stent encrustation, and number of preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans, emergency department (ED) visits, and interventions. Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA was used for determining group differences between continuous variables, and χ2 was used for categorical variables.ResultsA total of 132 PCNLs were analyzed with a median diagnosis‐to‐operating room (OR) period of 135 days. Compared to patients with diagnosis‐to‐OR period less than 4 months, those with PCNL performed in 4–6 months and over 6 months had 7% and 36% higher hospital charges respectively ($27 607 vs. $29 416 vs. $37 622, p = 0.018). Delays to PCNL surgery resulted in more CT scans (p = 0.019), clinic visits (p < 0.001), and interventions (p = 0.003).ConclusionOur study showed that in a medically underserved population, increased diagnosis‐to‐OR period led to increased healthcare utilization, additional procedures, and hospital charges. Changes aimed at reducing the time from diagnosis to surgery could reduce the financial burden for both patients and the healthcare system.
Primary immune‐mediated neutropenia and precursor‐targeted immune‐mediated anaemia in a 4‐year‐old cat
Authors: Travail Victoria , Di Bella Andrea 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 4‐year‐old, female, neutered, domestic shorthair was presented for acute onset of lethargy. The cat had been diagnosed with and treated for precursor‐targeted immune‐mediated anaemia 2 years before presentation. The clinical examination was unremarkable. Haematology and biochemistry revealed neutropenia and hyperglobulinaemia. Electrophoresis revealed polyclonal gammopathy. Toxoplasma spp. IgG/IgM, Bartonella spp., feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus serology were negative. Urine culture was negative. A computed tomography scan of the thorax and abdomen revealed an enlarged spleen, and cytology was suggestive of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Bone marrow aspirates and biopsies were supportive of primary immune‐mediated neutropenia and recurrence of precursor‐targeted immune‐mediated anaemia. The cat was treated successfully with prednisolone and cyclosporine. The necessity to perform a bone marrow biopsy should be highlighted in this case, as the diagnosis of precursor‐targeted immune‐mediated anaemia and immune‐mediated neutropenia was based on bone marrow sampling, exclusion of infectious disorders and response to immunosuppressive medications.
The International Anticorruption Agenda, Legal Culture, and Business Environment in Uzbekistan
Authors: Mustafoev Tolibjon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter aims to examine the impact of the international anticorruption agenda on the business and investment climate and legal culture in Uzbekistan. In undertaking this task, I specifically emphasise the daily life of anticorruption laws, policies, and agencies in Uzbekistan in order to understand how domestic institutions and actors perceive, interpret, negotiate, and challenge global anticorruption norms. These processes will be explored by drawing from interviews with key informants from the business and government sectors and by critically analysing Uzbekistan’s anticorruption legal framework and current public policy developments.
Understanding the Legal Culture in Uzbekistan Through an Analysis of Business Disputes in Economic Courts
Authors: Kolenko Evgeniy , Dostqoriev Muzaffar , Azizov Nasimbek 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMore than one million economic agreements are concluded in Uzbekistan annually, indicative of ever-increasing business activities in the country. In turn from a legal standpoint, these developments may lead to numerous business disputes, since one of the parties may refuse or be unable to fulfil contractual obligations. Given the prevalence of informal law in Uzbekistan, it is highly likely that parties will attempt to resolve their disputes through informal, extra-legal means. However, since Uzbekistan launched legal reforms in 2018 specifically emphasising increasing access to courts, citizens might be more inclined to resolve their disputes through formal legal channels. Thus, analysing business disputes allows us to shed light on the legal consciousness (legal culture) amongst different members of society, such as legal practitioners, entrepreneurs, and ordinary citizens. Based on these considerations, we provide a socio-legal investigation of the legal consciousness (legal culture) of legal practitioners, entrepreneurs, and ordinary citizens in Uzbekistan by analysing economic court decisions. The analysis of economic court decisions allows us to understand the role of law in everyday life, showing, in particular, how the legal culture and the legal consciousness of the people can impact social life and the formation of a rule of law culture in Uzbekistan.