bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trouble in paradise: Viva Piñata, charismatic megafauna and the sour side of gaming with animals
Authors: McKinney Kayla 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article investigates the sandbox title Viva Piñata: Trouble in Paradise. It argues that the game privileges charismatic megafauna and forwards popular notions about what is considered a desirable animal. By privileging certain species over others, Viva Piñata inadvertently places itself in a conversation about conservation, endangered species and pest management. Recognizably domestic animals (ducks, chickens, etc.) and beautiful, easily recognized animals (lions, tigers) are the symbols of cultural good in the game, while other beasts (bats, moles, wolves) bear the label of ‘pest’ and must be guarded against or destroyed. Furthermore, all of the animals carry a literal monetary value; charismatic megafauna have higher values, just as they do in the cultural imagination. Admittedly, all of the animals within the game are cute creatures, named after the candy that fill them (Fizzlybear, Mousemallow), but Viva Piñata remains a site of cultural hegemony, where popular views about animals are enacted through gameplay. To support these ideas, this article follows the critical work of Chilla Bulbeck and Randy Malamud.
Reviews
Authors: Boitani Giacomo , W. Macdonald Ian , Stonham Kay 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
New Hollywood Cinema: An In troduction, Geoff King (2012) 5th ed., London: I.B. Tauris Publishers, 296 pp., ISBN: 9781860647505, p/bk, £16.00
A History of the Sc reenplay, Steven Price (2013) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 278 pp., ISBN: 978023029180, h/bk, £58.00; ISBN: 978023029181, p/bk, £18.99
The Creative Screenwriter: Exercises to Expand Your Craft, Zara Waldeback and Craig Batty (2012) London: Bloomsbury, 226 pp., ISBN: 9781408137192, p/bk, £9.99
Unconditionally Stable FDTD Algorithm Based on Split-Step Scheme for the Analysis of Oblique Incident Plane Wave on Periodic Structures
Authors: Qu Xinbo , Zhou Bihua , Zhang Nan , Shi Wei , Xiang Yang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper, an unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is presented for solving the problems of oblique incident wave on 2-D periodic structures. By expressing the extra time derivatives caused by the field transformation technique as the form of the coefficient matrix, and applying the split-step scheme (2, 2) (SS2) to the transformed Maxwell’s equations, the update at each time step is subdivided into three sub-step implementations. The proposed method has second-order accuracy both in time and space, and the time step size of which is not limited by the Courant–Friedrich–Levy (CFL) stability condition. Compared with the previous approaches of the field transformation method, this technique does not need to introduce additional field components and is more efficient and accurate especially at the large incident angle.
Recent Changes in the Pathogenic Variability of Plasmopara Halstedii (Sunflower Downy Mildew) Populations from Different Continents
Authors: Viranyi Ferenc , Gulya Thomas J. , Tourvieille Denis Labrouhe 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe obligate biotrophic Oomycete, Plasmopara halstedii, causal agent of sunflower downy mildew, is capable of producing new pathogenic races over time. Although changes in the P. halstedii race composition were reviewed for the first time in 2007, since then the pathogen has continued to change its virulence character dramatically. There was a need, therefore, to update information on pathogenic diversity of P. halstedii by making accounts of the temporal and spacial changes in the pathogen populations in North and South America and Europe. This paper, based on current publications and personal communications, attempts to present an accurate overview of races in Europe and Americas for the last 7 years.
Manufacturing economy vs. service economy: implications for service leadership
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Chung Po P.Y. , Leung Hildie 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the past few decades, there has been a shift from manufacturing to service economy in many places throughout the world. In Hong Kong, 95% of its GDP is made up by the service industries. Conceptually, these two economies are associated with different production characteristics, organizational structures, and desired attributes of workers and leaders. The differences between these two economies in terms of the production modes are discussed in this paper. In particular, the implications of the economy on effective leadership requirements are outlined. With specific reference to the Service Leadership model proposed by the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management, the 12 dimensions of the service-oriented personal brand and the 25 principles of service leadership are highlighted.
Interpersonal competence and service leadership
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu , Siu Andrew M.H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAccording to the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management, interpersonal competence is an important component of an effective service leader. The present paper introduces a lecture embedded in a service leadership subject that focuses on promoting students’ interpersonal competence. Several topics are covered in this lecture. First, concepts and theories about interpersonal competence are introduced. Second, the relevance of interpersonal competence to service leadership is outlined. Third, methods of developing interpersonal competence are presented, particularly different conflict management strategies and assertiveness skills. Finally, conclusions and reflections on students’ own interpersonal competence and its relevance to the service leadership in one’s professional field are discussed. Different activities have been designed and incorporated in the lecture to facilitate students’ active learning and self-reflection. Students are also encouraged to explore their own ways to promote the development of interpersonal competence.
Nurturing university students to be social entrepreneurs: relevance of service leadership education
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Lin Li 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWhen the concept of social entrepreneurship becomes more popular, many universities explicitly claim that they wish to nurture social entrepreneurs. In this paper, the concept of social entrepreneurship and the successful attributes of social entrepreneurs are outlined. With reference to the question of how university students can be nurtured to be social entrepreneurs, it is suggested that the service leadership model proposed by the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management is a good framework to be considered. In the framework, it is asserted that there are three attributes of a successful service leader – leadership competence, moral character, and caring dispositions. In this study, the experience of implementing a credit-bearing subject based on the service leadership model at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is highlighted.
The Influence on Soil Classification of Processing Soil With a Coffee Grinder
Authors: Henry Karen S. , Fonte Benjamin , Hunter Heidi , LaPrade Kyle 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The rapid soils analysis kit uses a coffee grinder to break apart aggregated soil particles in fine-grained soils. This leads to the question of potential particle cutting or breaking due to the grinder. Hence, we performed a laboratory investigation to determine if the use of a coffee grinder to break apart aggregated soil particles produces fines from cutting or breaking sand-size and smaller particles and whether the production of more fines sometimes changes the USCS classification by some combination of adding soil fines and altering the Atterberg limits. Processing Ottawa Sand for 90 s in a coffee grinder established that the coffee grinder breaks down sand particles into fines. A silty sand (SM) sand was tested in the same way and the fines content increased significantly. Several tests were performed on fine-grained soils, and no significant increase in fines due to processing in the coffee grinder was noted. The Atterberg limits of all soils tested changed little due to processing with the grinder. In particular, the plastic limit was not changed by more than 2 (% water content). Several recommendations were made for potential future investigations.
Postmortem Findings of the Victims of the Jonestown Tragedy
Authors: Thompson RL , Manders WW , Cowan WR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The procedure for processing and identifying the victims of the Jonestown, Guyana tragedy is outlined. Autopsies were performed on seven of the victims, and the autopsy anatomic and toxicologic findings are presented. Problems encountered in the interpretation of the autopsy findings are noted.
Determination of ABO Blood Groups by Radioimmunoassay Using 125I-Protein A
Authors: Fukushima H , Segawa M , Ota M , Yonemura I , Hasekura H 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Since the crystallizable fragment (Fc) portion of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule is the binding site of Protein A, a radioimmunoassay procedure using 125I-Protein A was developed for identification of the ABO blood groups. The isotope level bound to Group A, B, or AB red cells decreased with the dilution of anti-A or -B, respectively. After sensitization by anti-A plus B in Group O serum, the isotope bindings were observed in Groups A, B, and AB cells, while no significant radioactive count appeared in Group O cells. Furthermore, there was little significant isotope binding in both Group A and B red cells sensitized by the serum from Group A or B blood containing mainly IgM anti-A or -B. A radioimmunoassay using 125I-Protein A is an excellent method for identifying ABO blood groups.
Paternity Testing in a Kidnapping Case
Authors: Noppinger K , Ginsberg L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A case of kidnapping involving the concept of paternity testing is described. The couple arrested and charged with kidnapping stated the child in their possession was their biological daughter. Serological tests were performed on liquid blood samples in an effort to determine if the couple could have been the biological parents of the child. Two genetic inconsistencies were discovered in the 15 blood marker systems analyzed.
A Review of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Psychoactive Drugs
Authors: Poklis A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This book is apparently a collection of 23 papers presented at a symposium about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychoactive drugs, which is referred to in the text as “this symposium” but not identified by the editors! Therefore, despite the title of the book and the misleading titles of some of the chapters, the book is more a “proceedings” than a reference book, and the “chapters” are usually presentations of the authors original research. For example, Chapter 14, “Pharmacodynamics of Certain Drugs of Abuse,” contains only the authors' research on marijuana, plus an experiment involving cocaine and one with levoalpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM). The chapter has a total of 6 references, all studies by the author. Likewise, Chapter 23, with the impressive title of “Immunoassays for Pharmacokinetic Studies of Psychoactive Drugs,” presents only “the development and validation of an RIA, (for) THC and phencyclidine.” The reader is informed that “for additional information on immunoassays, several excellent texts are available on the subject.”
A Review of Medicolegal Postmortems—Guidelines for Crime Investigation
Authors: Tate LR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Dr. Parikh has written a reference that may be consulted by the physician tasked with a medicolegal investigation of death who may have had little experience with forensic medicine. Specifically targeted by the author are Indian medical officers in the mofussil place (rural or provincial district), but others throughout the world in similar circumstances would find his book useful.
Patterns: Their Storage, Retrieval, and Comparison
Authors: Lewis MJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
It is recognized that the unique definition of a complex pattern in terms of a numerical descriptor is an unrealistic objective; yet the need exists for an efficient means of handling such information in a variety of fields. A simple procedure is described for abstraction of the essential characteristics of a pattern into a format suitable for automated searching of large reference collections, and potentially, for the interlaboratory exchange of this information. The index developed embodies two distinct aspects of a pattern: “intrinsic” information content (I) and “hierarchical” information (H), calculated on up to 15 of the pattern's elements; the descriptors relate respectively to weighted relative magnitudes and arrangement of elements within the pattern. Significantly, the index is designed to be immune from variability in longitudinal dimensions, both absolute and relative, and to provide for versatile and intelligent searching of a data base.
Progressive Desialidation of Human Transferrin
Authors: Blake ET 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Transferrin is a serum glycoprotein which contains four sialic acid residues located at the end of two branched carbohydrate structures. The presence of these four acidic residues influences the electrophoretic mobility of the transferrin molecule. Alterations in the electrophoretic mobility of transferrin may be encountered in forensic science case work, particularly in association with postmortem samples. These altered transferrins usually appear in a highly stylized “ladder” banding pattern. To determine whether these altered transferrins are the result of sialic acid removal, serum samples of known transferrin type were treated with neuraminidase. These experiments support the hypothesis that the “ladder” banding pattern of transferrin observed in some case samples is due to the removal of sialic acid residues by bacterial or endogenous neuraminidase. These studies also demonstrate that partially desialidated transferrin variants cannot be clearly typed until the sialic acid is completely stripped from the transferrin molecule. Reliable typing of partially desialidated samples can be accomplished by treating these samples with neuraminidase.
Justifiable Homicide: A Study of the Application of Nonculpable Deadly Force in Cuyahoga County (Cleveland), Ohio, 1958–1982
Authors: Challener RC , Adelson L , Rushforth NB 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Justifiable Homicides (JHs) which occurred during a quarter century in a metropolitan community were studied with respect to four points: characteristics of the victims; type of assailants, that is, civilians or law enforcement personnel (LEP); temporal patterns; and circumstances surrounding the fatal incident. Victims were overwhelmingly “city” males age 15 and older, with higher homicide rates for nonwhite victims. The great majority of the victims were slain by solitary civilians of their same race, one fourth of whom were women. Those slain by LEP were younger, more often unmarried, and less likely to be under the influence of alcohol. Long-term temporal patterns were reflected in changing rates of homicides in general. Rates of JH were compared and contrasted with those of culpable homicide (CH). Similarities were observed between overall and age-specific rates of JH and CH. Short-term temporal patterns were indicated by the time of occurrence of the homicidal incidents. Similarities were observed between JH and CH with respect to hour of day, day of week, and month of year. Most JHs by civilians occurred during or immediately following a quarrel. The majority of JHs by LEP were in self-defense when the victims were committing a crime or resisting arrest. The percent of JH in the overall homicide toll decreased throughout the 25-year interval. Inasmuch as JH by civilians remained a relatively constant fraction of all homicides until the final years of this study, the decline in percent of JH in the overall homicide toll largely reflects decreased JH by LEP.
A Review of Practical Homicide Investigation, Tactics, Procedures and Forensic Techniques
Authors: Reyna M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The author's stated intention in this book is to provide a homicide investigators' handbook with emphasis on “The New York City Experience which falls between the medicolegal and academic textbooks.” He succeeds in providing the “New York City Experience” by filling the book with his experiences as a supervisor for the New York City Police Department but fails to achieve his second goal by falling below the quality of both medicolegal and academic textbooks.
Identification of Serial Homicide Victims in the “Green River Murder” Investigation
Authors: Haglund WD , Reay DT , Snow CC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Green River Murder Investigation in King County, Washington, is currently the longest and most active serial murder investigation in U.S. history. To date, little information has been reported on methods used in identification of serial murder victims. In this paper, various methods used in victim identification are reviewed and difficulties encountered during the course of the investigation are described. The experience of the authors is presented in order to acquaint other agencies with problems of victim identification associated with these serial murder victims and to provide key methods that may be useful in other such investigations.
Distributions of Genetic Markers in United States Populations: III. Serum Group Systems and Hemoglobin Variants
Authors: Gaensslen RE , Bell SC , Lee HC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
All published and unpublished population frequency data that could be located for U.S. populations are tabulated and presented for the serum group systems haptoglobin (α-chain), group specific component, and transferrin and for the common β-chain variants of hemoglobin. Results obtained by combining data for comparable racial/ethnic groups are also presented. Some evidence is presented to indicate that the results obtained from the combined data may give better information on frequencies for the U.S. population at large than is obtainable from studies conducted in restricted geographic areas.
Concentrations of Mustard Gas [Bis(2-Chloroethyl)Sulfide] in the Tissues of a Victim of a Vesicant Exposure
Authors: Drasch G , Kretschmer E , Kauert G , von Meyer L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An Iranian soldier died at a toxicological intensive care unit at Munich seven days after a vesicant exposure. At the autopsy the typical symptoms of mustard gas intoxication were found. The vesicant was detected qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the abdominal fat and quantified in the tissues and in the body fluids by the following method: (1) extraction by dichloromethane, (2) cleanup of the extracts by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on silica plates, (3) extractive derivatization with gold-chloride, and (4) quantitative determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). The equal extracts, after heating, served for blanks. The following concentrations were found (milligrams of mustard gas/kilograms of tissue wet weight): brain 10.7, cerebrospinal fluid 1.9, liver 2.4, kidney 5.6; spleen 1.5, lung 0.8, muscle 3.9, fat 15.1, skin 8.4, skin with subcutaneous fatty tissue 11.8, liquid from a skin blister: below detection limit, blood 1.1, and urine: below detection limit.
Laser Examination as an Additional Nondestructive Method of Ink Differentiation
Authors: Zimmerman J , Mooney D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Twenty-two black, eight blue, and seven red inks were compared using the reflectance and luminescence mode of the Model J infrared instrument and the Laser Photonics, Inc., neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. These thirty-seven inks were compared from writing produced on Cascade Xerographic paper and Dixon Paper Company safety paper. Results indicate that, in addition to the Model J instrument and other traditional nondestructive examinations, Nd:YAG laser examination in several instances produces different results, adding another feasible link to nondestructive processes commonly used. Further, the outcome of the comparison process was affected significantly on some occasions by the type of paper on which the writing appeared.
The Effects of Water-Soaking on Firing Distance Estimations
Authors: Even H , Bergman P , Springer E , Klein A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The effects of water-soaking on firing distance estimations, employing quantitative determinations of gunpowder and metals around the bullet's entrance hole, were studied. The main finding was that, since the precision of the quantitative determination is poor, the existing statistical spread cancels out a potential effect of the target soaking. None the less, the prevailing factor is the firing distance, where increments of about 25 cm are clearly distinguishable, in both dry and water-soaked targets.
Patterns in Sharp Force Fatalities—A Comprehensive Forensic Medical Study: Part 2. Suicidal Sharp Force Injury in the Stockholm Area 1972–1984
Authors: Karlsson T , Ormstad K , Rajs J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A total of 89 cases of sharp force suicide that had been committed in the Stockholm area in Sweden from 1972 through 1984 were investigated. The series showed a male preponderance, sex ratio 3.3, and among males a shift towards the age group 40 to 49 years of age. An impact of cultural/ethnic factors was indicated by the overrepresentation of Finnish and Hungarian immigrants. A psychiatric diagnosis had been ascribed in 22 cases, and addiction to drugs or alcohol in 23. Previous attempts at self-destruction were recorded in 11 cases, only 1 of which was by sharp force.
Classical indicators of suicidal intent, for example, suicide notes and the presence of hesitation injuries, were found in 28 and 80%, respectively. A preference for certain anatomical locations (throat, precordium, epigastrium, wrists) was confirmed as was the tendency to expose the skin before inflicting suicidal wounds. As compared to homicidal precordial stabs whose entrance wounds usually run vertically, horizontal or upwards/left-slanting stabs are strongly suggestive of suicide. Although cases were encountered where several “rules of thumb” concerning homicidal versus suicidal patterns were violated, our series contained no case of injuries to the backside of the trunk and no case of more than one wound piercing the left ventricle of the heart. Multiple chest wounds transecting costal or sternal bone were however not uncommon, and, along with the use of bizarre tools and objects like wood chisels or pieces of glass, illustrated the determination of suicidal intent.
Toxicological analysis was positive for drugs in 22 and for alcohol in 27 cases. Blood alcohol levels were roughly similar to those found in victims of homicidal sharp force, whereas drug levels tended to be lower or higher in suicides.