bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Rilpivirine and Cabotegravir for Treatment of HIV-1 Infection—A Case Series of Five Patients With One Virologic Failure After Development of Two-Class Resistance
Authors: Gerstenberg Jacob , Klinker Hartwig , Baier Michael , von Braun Amrei , Seybold Ulrich , Helbig Carlotta , Däumer Martin , Korn Klaus , Stephan Christoph , Schleenvoigt Benjamin T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Virologic failure of long-acting rilpivirine/cabotegravir is rare but may result in severely limited treatment options. Known risk factors cannot predict all cases. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may help identify patients at risk, but reliable thresholds are missing. We report retrospective TDM in a cohort of 5 patients, including 1 virological failure.
Incentivizing news consumption on social media platforms using large language models and realistic bot accounts
Authors: Askari Hadi , Chhabra Anshuman , von Hohenberg Bernhard Clemm , Heseltine Michael , Wojcieszak Magdalena 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Polarization, misinformation, declining trust, and wavering support for democratic norms are pressing threats to the US Exposure to verified and balanced news may make citizens more resilient to these threats. This project examines how to enhance users’ exposure to and engagement with verified and ideologically balanced news in an ecologically valid setting. We rely on a 2-week long field experiment on 28,457 Twitter users. We created 28 bots utilizing GPT-2 that replied to users tweeting about sports, entertainment, or lifestyle with a contextual reply containing a URL to the topic-relevant section of a verified and ideologically balanced news organization and an encouragement to follow its Twitter account. To test differential effects by gender of the bots, the treated users were randomly assigned to receive responses by bots presented as female or male. We examine whether our intervention enhances the following of news media organizations, sharing and liking of news content (determined by our extensive list of news media outlets), tweeting about politics, and liking of political content (determined using our fine-tuned RoBERTa NLP transformer-based model). Although the treated users followed more news accounts and the users in the female bot treatment liked more news content than the control, these results were small in magnitude and confined to the already politically interested users, as indicated by their pretreatment tweeting about politics. In addition, the effects on liking and posting political content were uniformly null. These findings have implications for social media and news organizations and offer directions for pro-social computational interventions on platforms.
Long-term efficacy of MAS825, a bispecific anti-IL1β and IL-18 monoclonal antibody, in two patients with systemic JIA and recurrent episodes of macrophage activation syndrome
Authors: Caorsi Roberta , Bertoni Arinna , Matucci-Cerinic Caterina , Natoli Valentina , Palmeri Serena , Rosina Silvia , Penco Federica , Malattia Clara , Consolaro Alessandro , Viola Stefania , Papa Riccardo , Corcione Anna , Volpi Stefano , Ravelli Angelo , Gattorno Marco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Systemic JIA (sJIA), a multifaceted autoinflammatory disorder, can be complicated by life-threatening conditions such as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and interstitial lung disease. The management of these conditions presents a therapeutic challenge, underscoring the need for innovative treatment approaches.

Objectives
To report the possible role of MAS825, a bispecific anti-IL1β and IL-18 monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of multi-drug-resistant sJIA.

Methods
We report two patients affected by sJIA with severe and refractory MAS and high serum IL-18 levels, responding to dual blockade of IL-1β and IL-18.

Results
The first patient is a 20-year-old man, presenting a severe MAS complicated by thrombotic microangiopathy, following SARS-CoV-2 infection. He was treated with MAS825, with quick improvement. Eighteen months later, the patient is still undergoing biweekly treatment with MAS825, associated with MTX, ciclosporin and low-dose glucocorticoids, maintaining good control over the systemic features of the disease. The second patient, a 10-year-old girl, presented a severe MAS case, complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, following an otomastoiditis. The MAS was not fully controlled despite treatment with i.v. high-dose glucocorticoids, anakinra and ciclosporin. She began biweekly MAS825, which led to a prompt amelioration of MAS parameters. After 10 months, the patient continues to receive MAS825 and is in complete remission.

Conclusion
In light of the pivotal role of IL-1β and IL-18 in sJIA, MAS and interstitial lung disease, MAS825 might represent a possible valid and safe option in the treatment of drug-resistant sJIA, especially in the presence of high serum IL-18 levels.
Low incidence of late-onset giant cell arteritis during the first year in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica–a repeated imaging study
Authors: Nielsen Andreas Wiggers , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe , Hansen Ib Tønder , Nielsen Berit Dalsgaard , Kjær Søren Geill , Blegvad Jesper , Rewers Kate , Møller Sørensen Christian , Gormsen Lars Christian , Keller Kresten Krarup 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective was to investigate the incidence of late-onset giant cell arteritis (GCA) within the first year in patients diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).

Methods
In this prospective study, treatment-naïve individuals with a new clinical diagnosis of PMR and without GCA symptoms underwent baseline assessments, including vascular ultrasonography and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT). To prevent biased inclusion, rapid referral clinics were established for all patients suspected of PMR. Additionally, the patients underwent GCA monitoring during clinical visits at weeks 8 and 10, which involved vascular ultrasonography and FDG-PET/CT scans. After one year, a follow-up visit was performed to confirm the PMR diagnosis and perform vascular ultrasonography.

Results
A final PMR diagnosis was assigned to 62 patients, excluding two patients with concurrent subclinical GCA and PMR at baseline, corresponding to a baseline prevalence of subclinical GCA of 3%. During the one-year follow-up, two PMR patients developed late-onset GCA corresponding to an incidence rate of 32 per 1000 person-years. One patient developed GCA 14 weeks after the PMR diagnosis, exhibiting cranial symptoms and positive vascular ultrasonography. The other patient presented with subclinical large vessel GCA at the one-year visit detected with vascular ultrasonography and confirmed by FDG-PET/CT.

Conclusion
This study is the first to demonstrate a low incidence rate of late-onset GCA in PMR patients within the first year, employing repeated imaging to exclude GCA at baseline and diagnose GCA during follow-up. Additionally, it provides evidence of a low prevalence of subclinical GCA across the entire PMR population.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.Gov, NCT04519580
Comparative B cell epitope profiling in Japanese and North American cohorts of MDA5+ dermatomyositis patients reveals a direct association between immune repertoire and pulmonary mortality
Authors: Yamaguchi Koichi , Poland Paul , Zhu Lei , Moghadam-Kia Siamak , Aggarwal Rohit , Maeno Toshitaka , Uchiyama Akihiko , Motegi Sei-ichiro , Oddis Chester V , Ascherman Dana P 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Anti-melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 antibody–positive (MDA5+) DM patients exhibit clinical features that vary by geographical and ethnic/genetic distribution. The objective of this study was to investigate whether B cell epitope profiles and corresponding clinical features distinguished two independent cohorts of MDA5+ DM.

Methods
ELISA-based methods were used to determine the relationship between antibody recognition of 155 overlapping amino acid MDA5 subfragments and clinical features of 17 MDA5+ DM patients from Japan. Associations between clinical features and standardized anti-MDA5 subfragment antibody titres were assessed via Brunner Munzel testing and compared with the clinical/serological profiles of an independent North American cohort. Receiver operater characteristic (ROC) analyses and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to further assess the relationship between anti-MDA5 fragment antibody levels and specific clinical features/outcomes.

Results
Clinical characterization of a Japanese cohort of 17 MDA5+ DM patients revealed a high prevalence of arthritis (47%) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) (100%). Serological profiling demonstrated predominant antibody recognition of MDA5 fragments A (aa 1–155), B (aa 130–284) and E (aa 517–671) in a pattern that was distinct from North American MDA5+ patients (n = 24), whose sera preferentially recognized fragment H (aa 905–1026). Statistical analysis revealed a striking association between anti-fragment A antibody levels and rapidly progressive ILD (RP-ILD) among Japanese patients (P &lt; 0.01). ROC and Kaplan–Meier curves also demonstrated a strong relationship between anti-fragment A antibody levels, RP-ILD, and pulmonary death in combined cohort analyses.

Conclusions
Japanese and North American MDA5+ DM patients manifest markedly different B cell epitope profiles that are associated with higher prevalence of RP-ILD and worse clinical outcome among Japanese patients.
Protection of Athletes’ Rights in International Sports Organizations
Authors: Yaroshenko Oleg , Kaganovska Tetyana , Sheverdina Viktoriia , Sliusar Andrey , Rozhnov Oleh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The protection of athletes’ rights in international sports organizations is important and relevant in the modern world. This concerns numerous aspects, including the protection of athletes’ dignity, physical and psychological health, equality and non-discrimination, fair competition, transparency and accountability in the management of sports organizations, and the promotion of sport itself. These aspects, as well as the role of sport in society, the development of sport and its impact on other areas of life, make the study of athletes’ rights protection an essential task that helps to shape a fair and ethical sporting environment in the modern world. In this article, the authors reviewed various aspects of athletes’ rights protection in international sports organizations, analyzed their history and development, studied international standards and documents regulating this issue, and considered specific athletes’ rights, including through the analysis of practical cases. They also examined the challenges and problems faced by athletes and proposed measures to improve the situation and strengthen the protection of their rights. This article aims to emphasize the importance of ensuring the rights of athletes as a prerequisite for the stable and fair development of modern sport, as well as a necessary component of the global sports community.
Does increased local female representation result in expanded childcare provisions? Implications from Japan
Authors: Yamada Anju 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Does increased female representation in local politics and administration translate into increased childcare provisions? This question is important for examining subnational variations in welfare regimes and the degree of defamilization. Previous studies have shown that female representatives are interested in ‘women’s issues’ and influence the introduction and accessibility of policies that benefit women. However, there are significant research gaps. First, the analytical units are biased towards the national level. Second, few studies have simultaneously examined political and administrative representation. Third, the impact of sexism on gender representation remains overlooked. To address these gaps, this study focused on Japan, where female representation has increased in recent years and where society is moving away from sexist values. Specifically, this study investigated the effects of local female representation in politics and administration, particularly in municipalities where there is an increased demand for childcare services. A unique municipality-level dataset was created and a multilevel analysis was conducted. Surprisingly, the results did not provide significant evidence that increased local female representation correlates with increased local childcare provisions. While caution is warranted given that the sexism variable is prefecture-based, the results underscore the impact of sexism and female representation on the increase in childcare supply.
Engineered Skin Substitutes in Dermatologic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhu Harrison , Lewis Daniel J. , Haynes Dylan , Wang Leo L. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
Artificial skin substitutes are a flexible alternative to autografting in Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), but the characteristics and clinical outcomes of skin substitutes are not well defined.

OBJECTIVE
Summarize clinical data of skin substitutes in MMS for cutaneous malignancy.

METHODS
A MEDLINE/Embase/Web of Science search was conducted. Articles with original data on outcomes after skin substitute use in MMS for cutaneous malignancy were included. Articles not in English or without original data were excluded. Bias was assessed using the Oxford CEBM Levels of Evidence Table. Outcomes were synthesized using weighted averages. This study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO.

RESULTS
Of 1,007 articles, 40 met eligibility for inclusion. In total, 898 patients who underwent MMS and received a skin substitute were included. Xenografts were most commonly used (n = 613). Semi-synthetic grafts (∼$<1/cm2) and xenografts (∼$10/cm2) are most affordable. Overall, outcomes were excellent for all skin substitutes, with a small proportion of patients experiencing correctable complications.

CONCLUSION
Skin substitutes are highly effective in MMS, with enormous potential. While the data demonstrate positive outcomes, they predominately draw from small, retrospective studies or case reports. There is also a scarcity of data comparing skin substitutes with each other or controls. Prospective studies are recommended.
Meaning and Joy at Work and Nurse Self-Care Practices
Authors: Glasofer Amy , Carlino-Filippone Raelle , O’Malley Kimberly , Brown Epstein Helen-Ann , Galosi Gina , Larsen Deborah , Lynch Maggie , Politsky Susan , Racobaldo Andrea , DSouza Precy , Krieg Riley , Pilong Kristin , Bocchese Steven , Iannaco Dodi , Patterson Jaclyn 
Published: August 2024

The Institute for Healthcare Improvement Framework for Improving Joy at Work includes self-care as a strategy to support happy, healthy, and productive people; however, this relationship has not previously been empirically demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to describe self-care practices and levels of meaning and joy in work (MJW) in a sample of registered nurses and to explore the relationship between self-care and MJW. Registered nurses (n = 122) from a regional health system completed a survey during a nursing recognition event. Measures included a Demographic Questionnaire, the Meaning and Joy in Work Questionnaire (MJWQ), and the Brief Mindful Self-Care Scale (Brief MSCS). The mean MJWQ score was 4.29 on a scale of 1 to 5, and the mean Brief MSCS score was 3.05. There was a significant relationship between MJWQ and Brief MSCS scores (r = 0.43, P < .001). These results indicate that supporting self-care in nurses may improve MJW.
PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE MACULOPATHY–ASSOCIATED CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA RESPONSIVE TO INTRAVITREAL STEROIDS
Authors: Pant Praruj , Grewal Dilraj S. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To report a case of angiographically silent cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) maculopathy responsive to intravitreal steroids.

Methods:
Observational case report.

Results:
A 52-year-old female patient with a history of 4 years of PPS use for interstitial cystitis presented with PPS maculopathy that developed CME 2.5 years after drug cessation and had associated progression of pigmentary and atrophic changes. Her CME was nonresponsive to topical ketorolac and dorzolamide, but was responsive to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and subsequently intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) with reduction in central subfield thickness and improvement in visual acuity.

Conclusion:
Cystoid macular edema secondary to PPS maculopathy may be angiographically silent yet responsive to intravitreal steroids alone without the use of vascular endothelial growth factor agents. There is potential for both anatomic and functional improvements in such cases demonstrating the value of such treatment. Cystoid macular edema may be a delayed finding that can develop despite drug cessation. Steroid monotherapy should be further evaluated as possible first-line management for PPS maculopathy-associated CME.
Mitomycin Intravascular Chemoembolization for Corneal Neovascularization
Authors: Velazquez Daniel Chavez , Ortiz-Morales Gustavo , Vera-Duarte Guillermo Raul , Navas Alejandro , Ramirez-Miranda Arturo , Graue-Hernandez Enrique O. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of mitomycin C intravascular chemoembolization (MICE) for corneal neovascularization (CNV).

Methods:
This is a prospective, nonrandomized, interventional study. Patients with stable CNV irrespective of the underlying etiology were enrolled in the study. 0.1% mitomycin C was injected intravascularly in CNV at the slit lamp under topical anesthesia. To evaluate the regression of vessels, the ImageJ software was used to trace and quantify vasculature by a pixel count in standardized clinical slit-lamp photographs.

Results:
Eight eyes from 8 patients with corneal neovascularization and lipid keratopathy were studied. The mean age at treatment was 37 ± 12.75 (range 17–64) years. The median follow-up was 419.5 days (74–1166 days). Herpes simplex keratitis was the main underlying etiology (75%). The visual axis was compromised in 75%, and 100% had stromal scarring. The mean pixel count before MICE was 5983.41 ± 5004.96 pixels. After the treatment, the mean pixel count was 2060.38 ± 3142.96 pixels (delta: 3923.03, P = 0.029). No complications were recorded during the follow-up period. No recurrence of the CNV was observed at the last follow-up. Two eyes (25%) underwent a successful keratoplasty 4 months after MICE.

Conclusions:
MICE effectively reduced neovascularization with no immediate safety concerns, though its impact on vision and long-term safety requires further investigation with larger, longer term studies.
Single-stage Differential Template Technique for the Repair of Palpebral Neurofibromatosis With Severe Blepharoptosis in Adults
Authors: Naik Milind N. , Vasanthapuram Varshitha Hemanth , Joshi Anamika , Dharap-Wagh Richa 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To report the surgical outcomes of single-stage differential template technique for the correction of palpebral neurofibromatosis associated with severe blepharoptosis in adults.

Methods:
This is a retrospective interventional case series. Adult patients with severe unilateral palpebral neurofibromatosis, severe blepharoptosis, and lateral canthal dystopia underwent a single-stage repair. The excess anterior and posterior lamellae of the eyelid tissue were excised in a differential manner, using the other eyelid as a template (differential template technique). The levator muscle was resected and reattached to the tarsus during the reconstruction. The surgical outcomes and complications were evaluated.

Results:
A total of 5 patients underwent the differential template technique. The median age at presentation was 24 years, and 4 were males. All had severe blepharoptosis, with excess upper eyelid and temporal plexiform neurofibroma. All underwent a single-stage procedure with an average follow-up of 17.8 months. The average palpebral fissure height improved from 0 mm preoperatively to 8.25 mm postoperatively, with a well-formed eyelid crease and an average lagophthalmos of 2 mm. Good functional and cosmetic outcome was noted in all patients, with no exposure keratopathy. Two patients had a lateral canthal “stand-off,” and 1 patient developed mild upper eyelid retraction, which was managed conservatively.

Conclusions:
A single-stage differential template technique can correct palpebral neurofibromatosis with severe blepharoptosis providing good cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Measures and Influencers of Reintegration for the Stroke Patient: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wynja Kayla , Alexandrov Anne W. , Wicks Mona Newsome , Stanfill Ansley Grimes 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Stroke survivors may experience continued difficulties with reintegration, including challenges participating in social roles and performing activities of daily living across settings (eg, home, work). This article assessed the reintegration measures currently used in this clinical population, defining factors that most influence reintegration for these persons. METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases explored reintegration measures and factors influencing reintegration in stroke populations. Study inclusion criteria for this review were as follows: data-based articles (quantitative and qualitative), studies measuring reintegration or examining outcomes of reintegration, participants being adult stroke populations, and studies published in English. The resulting articles were critically analyzed, and common themes regarding barriers, facilitators, and influencers of reintegration were established. RESULTS: A total of 24 articles met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized for use in this systematic review. Across stroke populations, 13 reintegration tools were used. A few factors, including residual stroke impairments, unmet needs, social support, and sociodemographic characteristics, are currently known to influence reintegration for this population. CONCLUSION: Reintegration must be uniformly defined and measured to best support stroke survivors, and further investigation into influential factors is critical to advance this goal. This review defines current assessments and factors influencing reintegration within stroke populations. Achieving these goals is critical to optimizing reintegration efforts and designing quality-of-life–improving nursing interventions for affected persons.
Association Between Physical Work Environment During Work From Home and Sleep During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hirashima Keiki , Okawara Makoto , Tateishi Seiichiro , Eguchi Hisashi , Tsuji Mayumi , Ogami Akira , Mori Koji , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa ,   for the CORoNaWork Project
Published: August 2024

Objective
The work environment during work from home (WFH) may have a negative impact on workers' health. We investigated the effects of the physical work environment during WFH on sleep.

Methods
We conducted a 1-year cohort study of 2099 Japanese WFH workers. We used eight questions about the physical work environment during WFH as independent variables and the Athens Insomnia Scale as the dependent variable. We performed multilevel logistic regression with residence as a random effect.

Results
With the exception of one item, nonconformity with recommendations for the physical work environment during WFH was significantly associated with sleep problems. Further, the number of nonconformities and sleep problems showed a graded relationship.

Conclusion
An inappropriate physical work environment during WFH may be associated with sleep problems.