bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explainable machine learning framework for dynamic monitoring of disease prognostic risk
Authors: Ishikawa Tetsuo , Shinoda Masahiro , Oya Megumi , Ashizaki Koichi , Ota Shinichiro , Kamachi Kenichi , Sakurada Kazuhiro , Kawakami Eiryo , Shinkai Masaharu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Patients’ conditions continue to change after the diagnosis, with each patient showing a different time course. Here, we propose a dynamic prognostic risk assessment framework based on longitudinal data during hospitalization, using coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as an example. We extracted electronic medical records of 382 COVID-19 cases treated at Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital between 27 January and 30 September 2020. Gradient boosting decision trees were used to predict the maximum clinical deterioration, including deaths, from the data at initial diagnosis. Random survival forests were then used to calculate a 7-day cumulative hazard function to dynamically assess the risk of mortality of patients on each day during hospitalization. SurvSHAP(t) was applied to provide a time-dependent explanation of the contribution of each variable to the prediction. The prediction at initial diagnosis agreed well with the actual severity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves = 0.717–0.970), but some cases showed discrepancies between actual and predicted prognosis. The dynamic mortality risk assessment during hospitalization could discriminate between deceased and surviving patients 1–2 weeks before the outcome. Early in hospitalization, C-reactive protein (CRP) was an important risk factor for mortality, while in the middle period peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) increased its importance and platelets and β-D-glucan were the main risk factors immediately before death. Dynamic risk assessment considering heterogeneous risk factors and time-to-event is useful for the early detection of patients who deteriorate rapidly after hospitalization. This framework provides healthcare professionals with the explainable real-time guidance for clinical decision-making during hospitalization.
Exploring family health, Support, Self-efficacy and Quality of Life during the cancer trajectory: A protocol for a longitudinal mixed methods multi-center cohort study
Authors: Tolstrup Laerke K. , Hyldig Nana , Möller Sören , Stie Mette , Kjerholt Mette , Jarden Mary , Piil Karin , Coyne Elizabeth , Garcia-Vivar Cristina , Voltelen Barbara , Munk-Olsen Trine , Dieperink Karin B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
A cancer diagnosis not only profoundly impacts individuals but also the very core of their families, reshaping their lives in many ways. However, there is a lack of focus on the well-being and health of the entire family across adult cancer research. This is concerning given that one-third of the Danish population will get a cancer diagnosis before the age of 75, suggesting that many Danes will become caregivers during their lifetime. In addition, identifying vulnerable families is challenging and the determinant factors for their vulnerability are unknown.
Aims
The principal aim of this study is to investigate family health during cancer treatment. This will be done by gathering information on various parameters such as perceived support, quality of life, and self-efficacy in patients with cancer and families across the cancer trajectory. Additionally, the study seeks to pinpoint particularly vulnerable families and investigate contributing factors to their vulnerability.
Methods
This mixed-methods study follows a sequential explanatory design, combining patient-reported outcomes in a longitudinal, prospective multicenter survey with interviews conducted with a nested sampling of the participants from the survey. A total of 240 patients diagnosed with prostate-, breast-, gastrointestinal-, and lymphoma cancer, and designated adult family caregivers will be recruited from six different sites for the survey. Variables such as family health, needs and perceived support, quality of life, self-efficacy, depression, stress, and resilience will be explored. Survey data will be collected at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. The interviews (n = 12-15) will be conducted twice with patients and caregivers jointly; once during the treatment phase (3 months) and once after completion of treatment (12 months).
Discussion
This study will provide new insights into the unique needs and challenges of families navigating the complexities of cancer. Tracking their experiences longitudinally will deepen our understanding of the families' health and investigate determinant factors for vulnerability during the cancer journey. These insights can inform the development of targeted interventions and support services, ultimately improving the quality of care to vulnerable families facing cancer-related challenges.
Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06433349
Protocol version 2.0
MRI–radiomics–clinical–based nomogram for prediction postpartum hemorrhage in patients with suspected placenta accrete spectrum before cesarean section
Authors: Hu Yumin , Huang Yechao , Chen Bo , Shen Di , Li Xia , Wang Zufei , Zhou Zhangwei , Wang Haiyong , Yan Zhihan , Lu Chenying 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To develop and validate the nomogram by combining MRI-derived radiomics and clinical features for predicting postpartum hemorrhage in high-risk placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) patients before cesarean section.
Methods
The T2WI sagittal MR images and clinical data of 70 postpartum hemorrhage (+) pregnant women and 104 postpartum hemorrhage (-) pregnant women were retrospectively collected from two centers. These pregnancies were divided into a training (n = 105), an independent validation (n = 28), and an external validation (n = 41) cohort. Radiomic features were extracted, and radiomics signature were constructed. Clinical features were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical model, the radiomic model, and the clinicoradiomic model were compared. The nomogram of the optimal model was constructed to predict the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.The diagnostic performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the DeLong test. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to determine the performance of the best predictive model.
Results
Eighteen radiomic features showed a strong correlation with PPH. Four MRI features were selected as clinical features.The clinicoradiomic model resulted in the best discrimination ability for risk prediction of PPH, with an AUC of 0.956 (95% CI, 0.9101.000), 0.781(95% CI, 0.606 0.955), and 0.702 (95% CI, 0.541 0.864) in the training, independent validation and external validation cohorts respectively. The clinicoradiomic nomogram, incorporating radiomics signature and four MRI features, was developed. The calibration was good and DCA confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram.
Conclusion
Obstetricians can use the nomogram to noninvasively predict PPH and guide them in creating reasonable preoperative treatment plans.
Valproic Acid inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of peripheral T cell lymphoma cells via the miRNA-3196/KCNK3 signaling axis
Authors: Peng Zhiqiang , Dong Hanzhi , Xiong Jianping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to clarify the treatment effect and potential mechanism of Alproic acid (VPA) on peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs).
Methods
CCK-8 and EdU were used to detect cell proliferation. The mRNA expression of miR-3196 and KCNK3 was detected by qRT-PCR. Biochemical experiments were used to detect changes in the content of ATP, lactate level, and glucose content. Flow cytometry was applied to determine the apoptotic rate and ROS levels. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of apoptotic proteins, PI3K/AKT pathway and KCNK3. GEO database and miRTarBase and starbase2.0 software were used to identify the target genes of miR-3196.
Results
VPA greatly inhibited PTCLs cells proliferation and promoted the expression of miR-3196 in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, VPA and miR-3196 mimics significantly increased the apoptosis rate, Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 expression, lactate level, ROS expression, and glucose content (P < 0.01), and significantly decreased the cell proliferation, ATP production, and the expression of Bcl-2, p-PI3K and p-AKT (P < 0.01) in the PTCLs cells. However, the miR-3196 inhibitor had the opposite effect to VPA and mimics. Moreover, the combination of VPA and miR-3196 mimics has the most obvious effect. Moreover, KCNK3 was found to be a potential target gene of miR-3196. VPA and miR-3196 mimics significantly inhibited the expression of KCNK3(P < 0.01), and miR-3196 inhibitor the expression of KCNK3(P < 0.01). Furthermore, si-KCNK3 promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation and activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways of PTCLs cells(P < 0.01). VPA could significantly enhance the effect of si-KCNK3 in PTCLs cells(P < 0.01).
Conclusion
VPA could inhibit the expression of KCNK3 by promoting the expression of miR-3196, and then inhibit the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway, ultimately promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of PTCLs cells.
Dynamic Neuron-specific Enolase Level to Glasgow Coma Scale Score Ratio Changes: A Reliable Indicator for Long-Term Neurological Function in Diffuse Axonal Injury
Authors: Chen Weiliang , Wu Jiayi , Li Shengwen , Yao Chunyu , Su Wen , Xu Lisheng , Wang Guanjun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) are often plagued by sequelae, and the current indicators for predicting long-term neurological function are not accurate enough. Our previous studies have found that serum Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level to Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ratio(NGR) at admission could be used as an independent predictor of DAI, the purpose of this study was to explore the accuracy of dynamic changes of NGR in predicting long-term neurological function in patients with DAI.
Methods: Patients with DAI were included based on clinical MRI as the diagnostic standard, and divided into two groups according to the 6-month Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) as the prognosis indicator. The differences in clinical parameters between the two groups of patients were compared by Pearson correlation analysis. The trend of dynamic changes in NSE, GCS, and NGR at 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th days after injury were shown by line graphs. The predictive efficacy of various parameters for long-term neurological function were further analyzed by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results: Among the 102 DAI patients, 75 (73.5%) were classified to favorable outcome group (GOSE5-8) and 27 (26.5%) to unfavorable outcome (GOSE1-4). The NSE, NGR and Marshall CT grade at the first day after injury in the favorable outcome group were significantly lower than those in the unfavorable outcome group (p = 0.005, p < 0.001, p = 0.002), but the GCS score was significantly higher than that of the latter (p = 0.006). There was a negative correlation between NGR at 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 14th days post-TBI (r1=-0.557, r3=-0.746, r5=-0.761, r7=-0.727, r14=-0.694), and the 6-month GOSE. DAI patients with a favorable outcome exhibited a gradual decline in NGR. The area under the ROC curves (AUC) of NGR at 1st, 3rd and 5th days post-TBI were 0.751, 0.913, 0.934, which were the largest among the three parameters.
Conclusions: The dynamic changes of NGR may be an accurate predictor of long-term neurological function in patients with DAI.
Trial registration: ISRCTN, ChiCTR2100044352. Registered 17 March 2021, https://www.chictr.org.cn/
Heterostructural Z-scheme cobalt molybdate/AgBr composite toward for supercapacitors
Authors: Shayeh Javad Shabani , Salari Hadi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Truncated diamond CoMoO4 for the first time was fabricated by facile template free method. Hydrothermal method was applied for support synthesis and AgBr nanoparticles was loaded by precipitation. All samples were fully characterized by physic-electro-chemical methods include XPS, XRD, EDX, HRTEM, SAED, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, DRS, SEM, CV and EIS. Direct Z-scheme heterojunction composite was fabricated and supercapacitive performance of composite was studied for capability to use in charge storage devices. The results show that the composite has good electrochemical conductivity and suitable charge storage capability with high stability during continues charge – discharge cycles. The results demonstrated that the increased performance might be due to the Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism inside the heterojunction, which can moderate the direction of charge migration, boost charge transfer, and maintain the high redox capacity. The Electrochemical studies show that presence of AgBr, increase the electrical conductivity of CoMoO4 electrode. Enhancing the specific capacitance of electrode from 114 for CoMoO4 to 304 F.g− 1 for electrode and increasing the mechanical stability of composite one are some benefits of using AgBr in CoMoO4 system.
The Impact of Social Values, Work Values, and Self-Efficacy on Career Development of Veterinary Medicine Students
Authors: Hsu Pei-Chuan , Lin Zheng-Wei , Chou Chung-Hsi , Lai Jyh-Mirn 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The study explores how social support, work value, and self-efficacy contribute to veterinary students’ career development. Veterinary students at National Taiwan University were recruited as participants in this study. The social value, work value, self-efficacy, and career development scale reliabilities were 0.914, 0.780, 0.915, and 0.892, respectively. The data was analyzed by using the multiple regression method. After controlling students’ gender and grades, whether veterinary medicine was the first choice or had clinical or internship experience, students’ social values, work values, and self-efficacy positively affected students’ career development, and students’ self-efficacy was the most significantly predicted factor in their career development. We suggest that the veterinary medicine faculty should be attentive to this trend when designing the curriculum, as the study confirms the positive impact of social values, work values, and self-efficacy on students’ career development. In the future, we will recruit students from the five veterinary schools in Taiwan to conduct this study again to understand better how their social values, work values, and self-efficacy affect Taiwanese veterinary students’ career development.
Wandering Pacemaker: A Case Report
Authors: Perez-Kersey Plicy , Gallotti Roberto G. , Permut Lester C. , Greene Christina L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Pacemaker implantation in children is nuanced. While indications for permanent pacing are similar to those in adults, the logistics of implanting large generators in small infants and children introduces many potential complications, perhaps most insidious migration. In small children, pacemaker leads are placed on the epicardium via sternotomy and the generator is placed anterior or posterior to the rectus abdominis sheath. This precarious position is prone to erosion.
Case Presentation
Our patient is an 8-year-old female with an underlying glycosylation disorder with multi-organ involvement and global developmental delay. She underwent permanent pacemaker placement at 2 years of age due to prolonged sinus pauses of unclear etiology. She presented to care several times for non-specific illness symptoms, with the pacemaker ultimately being found to have migrated into the gastrointestinal tract. The device was safely extracted via the rectum by general surgery.
Conclusions
We present a case of pacemaker migration into the gastrointestinal tract, review the literature on this infrequent but significant complication, and provide recommendations to aid in the prompt recognition of this predicament. This case highlights that routine assessment of a pacemaker’s position and function is critical to ensuring patient safety.
Influence of Thoracolumbar Mobility on Running Performance: a Comparative Study
Authors: SARIOGLU Kubra , TUNAY Volga BAYRAKCI 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Thoracic mobility is important to the lumbopelvic-hip complex during running.
Objective
To compare the Thoracolumbar (TL) mobility for runners and sedentary individuals. Design: Cross-sectional. Participants: The first group consisted of 35 runners (RTY, running for the last two years), the second group had 35 runners (RSM, running for the last 6 months) and 35 sedentary individuals. Outcomes Measures: Using the Myoton device, muscle tone (Hz), elasticity, and stiffness (N/m) measurements were made over the Latissimus Dorsi (LD) muscle. Trunk flexibility and flexibility of lumbar extensor muscles (cm), the trunk range of motion (ROM, ˚), TL Fascia Length Test and Modified Schober Test were used for thoracic mobility.
Results
The differences were significant on the nondominant side for tone values (p = .001); Modified Schober test (p = .001); lumbar extensor shortening test (p = .003) (cm); goniometric platform measurements both sides of trunk (p = .037, p = .005) (˚); the right side in lateral flexion (p = .010), flexion (p = .001) and extension (p = .001) (ROM ˚); the right (p = .018) and left sides (p = .001) in trunk lateral flexion (flexibility measurements).
Conclusion
We observed that trunk range of motion, lumbar mobility, and TLF flexibility could be influenced by contralateral movements during running.
Impact of Coronary Artery Calcium on Progression of Diastolic Dysfunction: A Cohort Study
Authors: Choi Ki Hong , Kang Danbee , Lee Seung Hun , Kim Darae , Cho Sung Won , Choi Soo-Hee , Park Taek Kyu , Lee Joo Myung , Song Young Bin , Hahn Joo-Yong , Choi Seung-Hyuk , Gwon Hyeon-Cheol , Cho Soo Jin , Yang Jeong Hoon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The relationship between coronary artery calcium (CAC) and progression of diastolic dysfunction (DD) during longitudinal follow-up is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and progression of DD according to severity of CAC and understand their synergistic effect on mortality.
Methods
This was a population-based cohort study. All 15,193 adults who underwent a health screening exam with simultaneous echocardiography and CAC scan were enrolled. Definite DD (≥ 3/4 abnormal parameters for DD [e’, E/e’, tricuspid regurgitation-velocity, and left atrial volume index) and definite or probable DD (≥ 2/4) were defined. All-cause mortality was assessed based on the CAC and DD.
Results
Among the population, 7,995 participants (52.6%) had CAC = 0; 4,661 (30.7%) had 0 < CAC < 100; and 2,537 (16.7%) had CAC ≥ 100. The prevalence ratios for definite (adjusted-ratio:1.72, 95% CI:1.23–2.22) and definite or probable DD (adjusted-ratio:1.83, 95% CI:1.31–2.36) were significantly higher in individuals with CAC ≥ 100 than in those with CAC = 0. There was significant linear association of CAC with E/e’ (adjusted p-for linearity = 0.001). Compared with CAC < 100 without definite DD, the adjusted HRs with 95% CI for mortality of CAC ≥ 100 without definite DD, CAC < 100 with definite DD, and CAC ≥ 100 with definite DD were 2.56 (95% CI:1.67–3.94), 3.08 (95% CI:1.28–7.39), and 3.91 (95% CI:1.68–9.10). Among participants without DD at CAC measurement who had at least two echocardiographic measurements, the presence of significant CAC (≥ 100) was significantly associated with accelerated progression in definite DD over time (adjusted-HR:1.46, 95% CI:1.13–1.88), with more rapid elevation of E/e’ during follow-up (difference:0.06, 95% CI:0.02–0.10, p = 0.003).
Conclusions
In the general population, there was a significant relationship between CAC and prevalence of DD, and both subclinical parameters were associated with increased mortality. Moreover, CAC ≥ 100 significantly affects the progression of DD independently of other clinical factors.
Etiology, treatment and complications of childhood hypertension : A retrospective study
Authors: Riyami Mohamed Salam Al 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Hypertension is common in children, with an estimated prevalence of about 2–5%, and is increasing worldwide. This study reports a single-center experience of hypertension in children
Methods
A retrospective chart review of children aged from one month to 13 years old who were diagnosed with hypertension.
Results
A total of 129 children were included. Secondary hypertension was seen in 103 (79.8%) patients compared to only 26 (20.2%) who had primary hypertension. Primary hypertension was more common among pre-teen children (50.0%), whereas a higher proportion of the cases with secondary hypertension were aged between 1–5 years. Renal parenchymal diseases were the most common etiology for secondary hypertension, followed by endocrine and then vascular causes. In this study, no significant association was noted between hypertension and obesity. The most common complications of hypertension in these children were cardiovascular complications, followed by neurological complications. Hypertension was only managed by lifestyle modification in 14.7% of children, while the rest were also started on antihypertensive medications. During the last follow-up, 50% of children had improvement in blood pressure readings."
Conclusion
Secondary hypertension is more common compared to primary hypertension in our patients. The results of this study will increase awareness among pediatricians about the importance of early recognition and management of hypertension. Larger population-based studies are needed to better assess the prevalence, causes, and outcomes of hypertension in our region.
Association between Statin Intensity and Femoropopliteal Stent Primary Patency in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Seyferth Elisabeth R , Song Helen , Vance Ansar Z. , Clark Timothy W.I. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background. Statins are widely used in coronary and peripheral arterial disease, but their impact on patency of stents placed for peripheral arterial disease is not well-studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate femoropopliteal stent primary patency according to statin intensity at the time of stent placement and compare this effect to other covariates that may influence stent patency. Materials and Methods. A retrospective review identified 278 discrete femoropopliteal stent constructs placed in 216 patients over a 10-year period; Rutherford categories were 2 (3.6%), 3 (12.9%), 4 (21.2%), 5 (49.6%), and 6 (12.6%). Stent locations were common femoral (1.8%), common femoral/superficial femoral (0.7%), superficial femoral (50.7%), superficial femoral/popliteal (32.7%) and popliteal (14.0%) arteries; 63.3% of stents were paclitaxel-eluting. Primary patency of each stent construct was determined with duplex ultrasound, angiography, or computed tomographic angiography. Greater than 50% restenosis or stent occlusion was considered loss of patency. Cox proportional hazard and Kaplan-Meier modeling were used to assess the effect of statin use and additional covariates on stent patency. Results. Patients on any statin at the time of stent placement were half as likely to undergo loss of primary unassisted patency as patients on no statin therapy (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.87; P = .004). Moderate/high intensity statin therapy conferred 17 additional months of median stent patency compared to the no statin group. Antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy, drug-eluting stents (versus bare metal or covered stents), and Rutherford class were not predictive of stent patency (P = 0.52, 0.85, 0.58, and 0.82, respectively). Conclusion. Use of statin therapy at the time of femoropopliteal stent placement was the most predictive examined variable influencing primary unassisted patency.