bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating geopolitical and trade megatrends: Public export finance in a world of change
Authors: Klasen Andreas , Krummaker Simone , Beck Julia , Pennington James 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEnsuring exporters can access finance is critical for governments as they look to encourage trade and drive economic growth. However, firms face challenges in securing export finance and trade credit insurance as geopolitical and trade megatrends lead to increased political, market and credit risks. In a dynamic global landscape, the role of export credit agencies (ECAs) has never been more important. Based on the ‘Futures Triangle’ analytical framework and drawing on qualitative data from 35 semi‐structured interviews and expert discussions using thematic analysis, this research assesses the implications of key megatrends for ECAs. It presents new insights into the impact on strategies, products and operations: The evolution of mandates towards a ‘growth promoter’ in a ‘whole‐of‐government’ approach, the necessity to introduce new products and the need to balance multiple priorities such as export growth, support for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), inclusive trade, climate action and impact on developing markets. The recommendations are intended to help policymakers and public finance practitioners understand and respond strategically to global changes.
Regulatory challenges of new male contraceptive methods
Authors: Sitruk‐Ware Regine , Soule Lisa , Jarow Jonathan P. , Odlind Viveca 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionProgress in male contraception development faces the challenge of a lack of regulatory precedent and guidelines on the evidence (trial design and primary endpoint) required for marketing approval. Moreover, the development of a male contraceptive is complicated by the fact that the clinical treatment effect; prevention of pregnancy, is not measured in the patient receiving the intervention.DiscussionRegulatory precedent and guidelines exist for female hormonal contraceptives but their applicability to male contraceptive products likely varies based on the mode of action and the anticipated pharmacodynamic effects of the product. The unique attributes of male contraceptives, including the frequent delay between the intervention (e.g., vasectomy and hormonal methods) and ultimate contraceptive effect, sperm suppression near azoospermia, and pregnancy prevention need to be addressed.ConclusionThis article describes the regulatory challenges faced by developers of male contraceptive products and offers proposals, paving the way for the development of both hormonal methods and non‐hormonal approaches. Our article intends to suggest the directions but cannot substitute for the advice of regulatory agencies.
From blood to fruit: Transcosmogenerational modernities in Akha Worlds of the Upper Mekong
Authors: Morton Micah F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article, I introduce the concept of “transcosmogenerationality” to emphasize the sustained and dynamic significance of Ancestral relationalities to particular Indigenous modernities. I draw on the case of certain Akha communities in Southeast Asia and southwest China who are channeling wealth from booms in cash crops, such as coffee, rubber, and tea, into the “ritual economy” bridging the parallel and mutually dependent worlds of Ancestors and descendants. These communities are further channeling their wealth into local and transregional efforts to sustain and vitalize their Ancestral Ways and cultivate a pan‐Akha identitarian movement. Their motivations are to ensure their Ancestors remain always living and thus close to and of moral significance for the living living, sustain their and their descendants' receipt of Ancestral geeqlanq or vital life‐giving energy, redistribute wealth, and promote the status of their families and clans. I emphasize that growing wealth and access to consumer goods among Akha has led not to the decline, but rather, an intensification of Ancestral relationalities, which they view as the very source of this wealth. I further argue that Akha rites of transcosmogenerational commensality are especially concrete and revealing of the co‐presence and conviviality between and among Ancestors, Elders, and descendants.
A multi‐school study in England, to assess problematic smartphone usage and anxiety and depression
Authors: Carter Ben , Payne Mollie , Rees Philippa , Sohn Sei Yon , Brown June , Kalk Nicola J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the association between problematic smartphone usage and anxiety and depression in adolescents.MethodsA cross‐sectional study in five schools in the UK were included. The primary outcome was moderate anxiety (GAD‐7 ≥10) symptoms and secondary outcomes were moderate depression symptoms (PHQ‐9 ≥10) and insomnia. Problematic smartphone usage was assessed using screentime and the Smartphone Addiction Scale. A multi‐level logistic regression was fitted and adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) reported. A mediation analysis was conducted.ResultsOf the five included schools, 657 adolescents aged 16–18 years were enrolled. The median age was 17.5 years (17–18 [IQR]) and 508 (77.3%) were female. Of these 188 (28.6%) exhibited moderate anxiety and 226 (34.4%) moderate depression symptoms. Almost two thirds (421, 64.1%) have tried to cut down their smartphone use and 81 (12.5%) wanted help to reduce use. Problematic smartphone use was associated with increased anxiety (aOR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.28–3.23); depression (aOR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.80–4.86); and insomnia (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.08–2.50). Screentime was not associated with anxiety (β = 0.99, 95% CI 0.91–1.08); or depression (β = 0.98, 95% CI 0.89–1.07). Problematic smartphone use had a significant direct, indirect and total effect on both anxiety and depression.ConclusionProblematic smartphone usage was associated with anxiety and depression, independent of screentime. Interventions are needed to reduce problematic use.
Significant correlation between serum biomarkers and outcome in neonatal hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Gang Stefanie , Janko Johanna , Lamprecht Eileen , Riedl David , Konzett Karin , Simma Burkhard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimAssociations between serum biomarkers S100 calcium‐binding protein B (S100B) and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) in neonates with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) offer contradicting data in regard to neurocognitive outcome. The aim of our study was to provide another dataset to answer this question if S100B or NSE correlates to outcome in neonatal HIE. In addition, we investigate whether amplitude‐integrated EEG (aEEG) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also has predictive value.MethodsIn neonates with HIE born in Vorarlberg, Austria, (n = 34) from 2012to 2020, NSE and S100B serum levels were measured on day one. aEEG was installed at admission and MRI performed within 7 days. Surviving children (n = 27) were categorised as good or poor outcome by using an age‐appropriate neurocognitive test and a standardised neurological follow‐up. Positive and negative predictive values and receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated to evaluate the prognostic value.ResultsS100B showed best positive and negative predictive value, 72.7% and 90.5%, respectively, and a significant area under the curve of 0.820. NSE showed a positive and a negative predictive value of 43.8% and 81.3% and an area under the curve of 0.757. Severely abnormal aEEG and abnormal MRI significantly correlated with outcome (p = 0.024 and 0.001 respectively).ConclusionS100B and NSE on day one, severely abnormal aEEG and abnormal MRI show a significant correlation and good predictive value for neurocognitive outcome.
Gravity for cross‐border licensing and the impact of deep trade agreements: Theory and evidence
Authors: Jinji Naoto , Sawada Yukiko , Zhang Xingyuan , Haruna Shoji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe examine whether deep regional trade agreements facilitate cross‐border licensing. A micro‐founded gravity equation for each supply mode is derived from a model in which heterogeneous firms choose to supply their goods to foreign markets through export, foreign direct investment or licensing. We present several comparative statics results regarding the effects of changes in the fixed costs of serving the destination country, the freeness of trade, and the strength of intellectual property rights protection on bilateral flows of licensing revenues. We then empirically test our theoretical predictions using data on the cross‐border flows of royalties and licence fees for 49 countries in the period 1995–2012. In addition to variables that capture the impact of shallow and deep regional trade agreements, we construct dummy variables that represent subcategories of IP rights‐related provisions. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find that improved access to the destination market through a deep regional trade agreement and stronger IP rights protection through a regional trade agreement with legally enforceable IP rights and technology‐related provisions increase bilateral flows of licensing revenues. Among IP rights‐related provisions, the accession to or ratification of existing international IP agreements and the protection of trademarks, patents, or industrial designs are important for facilitating cross‐border licensing.
Evaluation of comfort gloves made of semipermeable and textile materials in patients with hand dermatoses: Results of a controlled multicenter intervention study (ProTection II)
Authors: Heichel Theres , Kersten Jan Felix , Braumann Antje , Krambeck Kathrin , Bonness Sonja , Schröder‐Kraft Claudia , Ofenloch Robert , Weisshaar Elke , Strom Kerstin , Skudlik Christoph , Sonsmann Flora Karla , Wilke Annika , Nienhaus Albert , John Swen Malte , Brans Richard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundComfort gloves are used in the management of hand dermatoses.ObjectivesTo compare the acceptance and tolerability of comfort gloves made of different materials in patients with hand dermatoses and their effects on skin lesions.MethodsIn a prospective multicenter study, 284 patients with hand dermatoses were invited to wear either a cotton glove (COT) or a semipermeable Sympatex glove underneath a cotton glove (SYM/COT) for two subsequent phases of 19 consecutive nights each. A total of 88 controls were asked not to wear any comfort gloves overnight. The severity of skin lesions over time was examined. Questionnaires were used to assess health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and acceptance and tolerability of the gloves.ResultsThe hand dermatoses improved in all groups. No substantial intergroup differences regarding severity and HRQoL were observed. SYM/COT received better ratings regarding climate conditions and tactility while COT showed superiority in fit, wearing comfort, and practicality.ConclusionsWe confirmed that SYM/COT and COT are well tolerated and accepted suggesting that SYM/COT is a good alternative for COT as comfort gloves in patients with hand dermatoses. Individual requirements, needs, and preferences may direct the material choice.
How strong is the evidence supporting the WHO guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in early childhood?
Authors: Bianconi Alessandro , Fiore Matteo , Zauli Enrico , Acuti Martellucci Cecilia , Rosso Annalisa , Dallolio Laura , Flacco Maria Elena , Manzoli Lamberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe WHO issued recommendations about the ideal amount of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in infants, toddlers and preschool children. To facilitate their interpretation and translation into public health policies, we analysed the quantity and quality of the evidence that supported the development of each WHO recommendation.MethodsAll data for each exposure‐outcome pair analysed in the studies informing WHO guidelines were extracted, and predefined criteria, based upon GRADE methodology, were used to classify each outcome and study result.ResultsAmong the 237 studies that could be included, 37 were experimental and 200 were observational, yielding 920 analyses of exposure‐outcome associations. Sixty‐two analyses used a relevant outcome, with or without significant results. Five of the 10 WHO recommendations were based upon zero analyses with significant results on relevant health outcomes. The remaining recommendations were mostly based upon analyses evaluating obesity‐related outcomes. Eight of the 10 GLs thresholds were not supported by any significant analysis on clinically relevant outcomes.ConclusionWhile these findings should not be interpreted as an attempt to disprove the benefits of healthy lifestyle habits in early childhood, neither to minimize the work of the experts in this complex research field, very limited evidence currently supports the adoption of recommended thresholds as behavioural surveillance and public health interventions targets. Therefore, until further data are available, public health interventions should be developed balancing whether to focus on the achievement of specific targets that are still not supported by high‐quality evidence or on the general promotion of healthy behaviours.
Interspecific competition shapes bird species' distributions along tropical precipitation gradients
Authors: Freeman Benjamin G. , Miller Eliot T. , Strimas‐Mackey Matthew 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe hypothesis that species' ranges are limited by interspecific competition has motivated decades of debate, but a general answer remains elusive. Here we test this hypothesis for lowland tropical birds by examining species' precipitation niche breadths. We focus on precipitation because it—not temperature—is the dominant climate variable that shapes the biota of the lowland tropics. We used 3.6 million fine‐scale citizen science records from eBird to measure species' precipitation niche breadths in 19 different regions across the globe. Consistent with the predictions of the interspecific competition hypothesis, multiple lines of evidence show that species have narrower precipitation niches in regions with more species. This means species inhabit more specialized precipitation niches in species‐rich regions. We predict this niche specialization should make tropical species in high diversity regions disproportionately vulnerable to changes in precipitation regimes; preliminary empirical evidence is consistent with this prediction.
Beyond movement: Headache in patients with functional movement disorders
Authors: Riva Elena , Kurtis Monica M. , Valls Adrian , Franch Oriol , Pareés Isabel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate headache comorbidity in a cohort of patients with functional movement disorders by assessing the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and temporal relationship of headache with the onset of functional symptoms.BackgroundFunctional movement disorders are common and potentially treatable. Although headache is frequent in these patients, few studies have evaluated their headache features.MethodsThis observational cohort study included consecutive patients with functional movement disorders evaluated in our Functional Movement Disorders Unit between October 2021 and November 2022. Clinical and demographic features from clinical charts were reviewed, and patients completed a self‐administered questionnaire designed by the authors that included headache characteristics, disease duration, treatments received, and the Headache Impact Test‐6. Headache type was classified as per the Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition (ICHD‐3).ResultsA total of 51 patients with functional movement disorders were included. Of those, 40 (78%) reported having recurrent headache. Headache intensity was moderate–severe in 33/40 (83%), and about two‐thirds experienced headache >9 days/month. Disability secondary to headache was high (median [interquartile range] Headache Impact Test‐6 score 62 [49–66]). Based on the ICHD‐3, 23/40 (58%) of patients with headache met the criteria for migraine or probable migraine, 11/40 (27%) for tension‐type headache, two of 40 (5%) for new daily persistent headache, and one of 40 (3%) for primary exercise headache, while three of 40 (7%) were unclassifiable. The onset of headache occurred before the functional movement disorder in 28/40 (70%), after the functional movement disorder in five of 40 (12%), and simultaneously in six of 40 (15%). In this last group, four of the six (67%) patients described a daily headache from the onset, and two met the criteria for new daily persistent headache.ConclusionsHeadache is a frequent condition in patients with functional movement disorders and an additional burden of disability beyond their motor symptoms. We found that, besides migraine and tension‐type headache, new daily persistent headache may be a comorbid phenotype in patients with functional movement disorders and should be further studied in larger prospective studies.
Pan‐cancer analysis of SERPINE1 with a concentration on immune therapeutic and prognostic in gastric cancer
Authors: Ju Yuming , Wang Zeshen , Wang Qiancheng , Jin Shiyang , Sun Pengcheng , Wei Yuzhe , Zhu Guanyu , Wang Kuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe serine protease inhibitor clade E member 1 (SERPINE1) is a key modulator of the plasminogen/plasminase system and has been demonstrated to promote tumor progression and metastasis in various tumours. However, although much literature has explored the cancer‐promoting mechanism of SERPINE1, the pan‐cancer analyses of its predictive value and immune response remain unexplored. The differential expression, and survival analysis of SERPINE1 expression in multiple cancers were analysed using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype‐Tissue Expression database. Kaplan–Meier (K–M) plotter and survival data analysis were used to analyze the prognostic value of SERPINE1 expression, including overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival, disease‐free interval and progression‐free interval and investigated the relationship of SERPINE1 expression with microsatellite instability. We further analysed the correlation between the expression of SERPINE1 and immune infiltration. The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway was used for enrichment analysis, and the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) database was used to perform pathway analysis. Finally, in vitro experiments demonstrated that knockdown or overexpression of SERPINE1 could alter the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer (GC) cells. The results indicated that SERPINE1 expression levels different significantly between cancer and normal tissues, meanwhile, it was highly expressed in various cancers. By analysing online data, it has been observed that the gene SERPINE1 exhibits heightened expression levels across a variety of human cancers, significantly impacting patient survival rates. Notably, the presence of SERPINE1 was strongly associated with decrease OS and disease‐free survival in individuals diagnosed with GC. Furthermore, an observed link indicates that higher levels of SERPINE expression are associated with increased infiltration of immune cells in GC. Finally, in vitro experiments showed that knockdown or overexpression of SERPINE1 inhibited the growth, and migration, of GC cells. SERPINE1expression potentially represents a novel prognostic biomarker due to its significant association with immune cell infiltration in GC. This study shows that SERPINE1 is an oncogene that participates in regulating the immune infiltration and affecting the prognosis of patients in multiple cancers, especially in GC. These findings underscore the importance of further investigating the role of SERPINE1 in cancer progression and offer a promising direction for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Outcomes in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm‐derived pancreatic cancer differ from PanIN‐derived pancreatic cancer
Authors: Habib Joseph R. , Rompen Ingmar F. , Javed Ammar A. , Grewal Mahip , Kinny‐Köster Benedict , Andel Paul C.M. , Hewitt D. Brock , Sacks Greg D. , Besselink Marc G. , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Daamen Lois A. , Loos Martin , He Jin , Büchler Markus W. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Molenaar I. Quintus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)‐derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) management is generally extrapolated from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN)‐derived PDAC guidelines. However, these are biologically divergent, and heterogeneity further exists between tubular and colloid subtypes.MethodsConsecutive upfront surgery patients with PanIN‐derived and IPMN‐derived PDAC were retrospectively identified from international centers (2000–2019). One‐to‐one propensity score matching for clinicopathologic factors generated three cohorts: IPMN‐derived versus PanIN‐derived PDAC, tubular IPMN‐derived versus PanIN‐derived PDAC, and tubular versus colloid IPMN‐derived PDAC. Overall survival (OS) was compared using Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank tests. Multivariable Cox regression determined corresponding hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsThe median OS (mOS) in 2350 PanIN‐derived and 700 IPMN‐derived PDAC patients was 23.0 and 43.1 months (P < 0.001), respectively. PanIN‐derived PDAC had worse T‐stage, CA19‐9, grade, and nodal status. Tubular subtype had worse T‐stage, CA19‐9, grade, nodal status, and R1 margins, with a mOS of 33.7 versus 94.1 months (P < 0.001) in colloid. Matched (n = 495), PanIN‐derived and IPMN‐derived PDAC had mOSs of 30.6 and 42.8 months (P < 0.001), respectively. In matched (n = 341) PanIN‐derived and tubular IPMN‐derived PDAC, mOS remained poorer (27.7 vs 37.4, P < 0.001). Matched tubular and colloid cancers (n = 112) had similar OS (P = 0.55). On multivariable Cox regression, PanIN‐derived PDAC was associated with worse OS than IPMN‐derived (HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.44–1.90) and tubular IPMN‐derived (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.32–1.77) PDAC. Colloid and tubular subtype was not associated with OS (P = 0.16).ConclusionsPanIN‐derived PDAC has worse survival than IPMN‐derived PDAC supporting distinct outcomes. Although more indolent, colloid IPMN‐derived PDAC has similar survival to tubular after risk adjustment.
Where is my footprint located? Estimating the geographical variance of hybrid LCA footprints
Authors: Jakobs Arthur , Schulte Simon , Pauliuk Stefan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCurrent implementations of hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) mostly do not fully exploit valuable information from multi‐regional input–output databases by aggregating regional supply chains to the lower geographical resolution of process LCA databases. We propose a method for sampling the various individual regions within the aggregated regional scope of LCA processes. This sampling maximizes the information content of hybrid LCA footprint results by preserving the regional variance, and it allows for regional price distributions from BACI/UN‐COMTRADE international trade statistics to be used to simultaneously improve the accuracy of the hybrid model. This work makes the previously hidden regional and price variance explicit and analyzes uncertainty of the hybrid carbon (global warming potential 100, GWP100) and land use footprints arising from these variances, both separately and in combination. We find that the median process footprint intensity increases by for the GWP100 due to hybridization, and for the land use footprint. Results show that the magnitude of the footprint uncertainty strongly depends on the product sector of the LCA process and environmental impact considered. In a case study of Swiss household consumption, we find truncation error estimates of for the GWP100 and for the land use footprint. Our results highlight the importance of regionalization of process LCA databases, as it has the potential to significantly improve both the precision and accuracy of derived hybrid LCA models. This article met the requirements for a gold/gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.