bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The degradation of kraft lignin during hydrothermal treatment for phenolics
Authors: Tang Kai , Zhou Xue-Fei 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Kraft lignin was hydrothermally depolymerized at low temperature/short time in water for producing value-added phenolics. The effects of residence time (15, 60 min) and reaction temperature (130, 180, 230ºC) on yields of oils and phenolic compounds were studied in detail. Total oil yield was found to range between 7% and 10%. The compositions of oils were analyzed by GC-MS to confirm the main compound to be guaiacol (2-methoxy phenol) in the range of 12–55% of oil depending on different reaction conditions. The most interesting was the finding that maximum value of total oil yield (10% of kraft lignin) and guaiacol amount (55% of oil) was obtained at 130ºC/15, 60 min which is a low reaction temperature/short time, while the residual kraft lignins were analyzed by FTIR with respect to the conversion mechanism of kraft lignin by this process.
Adsorption kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic investigations of Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions removal by poly(azomethinethioamide) resin with pendent chlorobenzylidine ring
Authors: Kumar P. Senthil , Ethiraj H. , Venkat Anita , Deepika N. , Nivedha S. , Vidhyadevi T. , Ravikumar L. , Sivanesan S. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This paper reports the application of poly(azomethinethioamide) (PATA) resin having the pendent chlorobenzylidine ring for the removal of heavy metal ions such as Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions from the aqueous solutions by adsorption technology. Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic models for Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions adsorption were applied by considering the effect of contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature data, respectively. The adsorption influencing parameters for the maximum removal of metal ions were optimized. Adsorption kinetic results followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model based on the correlation coefficient (R2) values and closed approach of experimental and calculated equilibrium adsorption capacity values. The removal mechanism of metal ions by PATA was explained with the Boyd kinetic model, Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model and Shrinking Core Model (SCM). Adsorption equilibrium results followed the Freundlich model based on the R2 values and error functions. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of PATA for Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions removal were found to be 105.4 mg/g and 97.3 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic study showed the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature.
Adult quality of life in congenital hydrocephalus operated cases. A twenty years retrospective study
Authors: Tascu A. , Iliescu A. , Rizea R.E. , Tudose Irina , Iencean St.M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Congenital hydrocephalus is a health problem in many countries and in Romania the pediatric neurosurgical department of the Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni” has a large number of such patients. This is a retrospective study and it includes the patients with congenital hydrocephalus operated between 1992 and 2012 in the pediatric neurosurgical department of the Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”. The functional outcome was assessed using Karnofsky Performance Scale, Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire and Glasgow outcome scale. The total number of the patients was 372, with a predominance of boys (212 boys versus 160 girls) and at the time of our study 168 patients were over 16 years old. Functional outcome of the children over 16 years old assessed using Karnofsky Performance Scale, showed that 73 patients were above 80 and leading independent lives, and 95 were less than 80 points. The results would be better if all these patients would benefit from schooling for children with special needs.
Anatomic locations in high grade glioma
Authors: Oslobanu A. , Florian St.I. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The treatment options and prognosis in gliomas could be determined by anatomic topographic location, beside different subtypes of glioma. The aim of this study is to find if any correlation between anatomical location of a glioma and the different subtypes of high grade glioma exist, and if this differences exists, does this influence the treatment options in terms of surgery. To do this, a representative group of 318 adults with high grade glioma was used. The most frequent subtypes of high grade glioma were glioblastoma (76,1%) followed by anaplastic astrocytomas (19,1%), anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (2,2), anaplastic ependymomas (1,2%), anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (0,9%), and anaplastic oligoastrocyomas (0,3%). The most frequent locations of gliomas were in the right frontal lobe in 11,95% of the cases, followed by left frontal in 9,12%, left temporal in 9,12%, right parietal in 8,18%, left parietal in 6,60%, right temporal in 5,66% for one lobe location. For multiple lobe locations the left fronto-parietal and left temporo-parietal (5,03%) were the most frequent locations. Deep-seated locations were present in 1,56% of the cases, and brain stem location was in 3,46%. No significant difference was observed between left or right predominence. Regarding the results among different subtypes of high grade glioma we noted that the anaplastic astrocytomas were more frequently located at the right frontal lobe in 18,03% compare to left frontal and left parietal lobe in 9,83%. In glioblastoma we found no significant differences in anatomical location as seen in anaplastic astrocytomas. These data results from our study could affect the therapeutic strategy regarding the extent of tumors resection.
Growing skull fracture in a 2 months old child
Authors: Tascu A. , Vapor Iulia E.B. , Iliescu A. , Tudose Irina , Iencean St.M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A growing skull fracture, also called posttraumatic leptomeningeal cyst, is a rare complication of skull fractures - less than 1%, usually encountered in children younger than 3 years old. Although rare, this complication must be recognized early and treated to prevent permanent neurologic deficits. We present the case of a 2 months old child who had suffered a closed head trauma in a car accident 2 weeks before he was admitted in our clinic with a left parietal growing skull fracture. He was submitted to surgery and leptomeningeal cyst was evacuated, dural defect repaired and bone fragments fixed. Child was discharged 6 days postoperative without neurologic deficits. Growing skull fractures represent a rare complication of head trauma in small children. It is imperious to be recognized and treated in early phases to prevent debilitating permanent neurologic deficits in that category of population.
Ruptured fusiform aneurysm of the proximal anterior cerebral artery in young patient - case report
Authors: Ion Georgiana , Chiriac A. , Dobrin N. , Poeata I. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A 16-year old male presented with a ruptured aneurysm of the proximal segment of the anterior cerebral artery, with symptoms like sudden headache. Paraclinical explorations revealed a fusiform aneurysm of the right A1 segment. The optimal treatment used was the microsurgical one via right pterional approach. The aneurysm was associated with a saccular pseudoneurysm at the proximal part. The saccular portion was clipped and the fusiform one was wrapped with muscle. The postoperative evolution was favorable, without neurological deficits.
Transient internuclear ophthalmoparesis associated with mutism following midline cerebellar tumour surgery in an 8-year boy
Authors: Satyarthee Guru Dutta , Mahapatra A.K. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Mutism and neurobehaviour symptoms are well known features, which may occur following surgical excision of mass lesion of various histopathologies in the posterior cranial fossa, during the postoperative period. Mutism may be rarely associated with ataxia of eyelid closure and paresis of external ocular muscles. However, internuclear ophthalmoparesis is not reported in association with mutism following posterior cranial fossa surgery. We report an 8-year–boy, who developed internuclear ophthalmoparesis following suboccipital craniectomy for decompression of vermian medulloblastoma. The clinical features, aetiopathogenesis, management of transient internuclear ophthalmoparesis associated with mutism and pertinent literature is reviewed in short.
Surgical management of combined fracture of atlas associated with fracture of axis vertebrae (CAAF): Case Series
Authors: Satyarthee Guru Dutta , Vaghani Gaurang , Mahapatra A.K. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Combined fracture involving atlas together associated with axis (CAAF) accounts for approximately 3 % of traumatic cervical spine injury, CAAF are rarely reported, so modalities of management and outcome are not well understood, due to paucity of literature and only few reports reported in the form of isolated case report. CAFF management possess challenge as it is associated with high incidence non-union with previously conservative method. However, missed diagnosis and subsequent delay may be associated with catastrophic worsening in neurological deficit. So early diagnosis and management remains the key for successful neurological outcome. Such fractures are rare. Authors report five such cases of CAFF, all required surgical management with good outcome with no mortality. Current study, all cases were males (n=5), commonest mode of injury was fall (n=3), time interval since injury was within 24 hours in (n=4), however rest one presented after a gap of eight months. Commonest clinical feature was neck pain (n=3), neurological deficit (n=2), neck tenderness and swelling tenderness (n=3) Neuroimaging including X-ray, CT scan and MRI were carried out for all cases revealed fracture of arches of atlas (n=5), one case had multiple site fracture of both arches, odontoid fracture (n=2), lateral mass of atlas fracture in 1 cases. Astonishingly two cases had disruption of transverse ligament. Surgical procedures performed considering economic consideration included occipito-cervcial fusion (n=3), transarticular C1-C2 fusion and anterior odontoid screw fixation in one cases each. Management options in CAFF and review of literature discussed in present study.
Dumbell hydatid disease of spine with posterior paraspinal muscle involvement
Authors: Jagadale Ranjeet Ramesh , Yashi Kanicka , Umamaheswara Reddy V. , Agrawal Amit 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Spinal hydatid disease is a rare form of hydatid disease caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). Dogs are primarily the definitive hosts of E. granulosus with man and sheep serving as intermediate hosts. Spinal HD contributes to approximately 45 % of all skeletal hydatid disease cases. Spinal HD is perhaps the worst form of parasitic infestations associated with morbidity requiring surgical correction. Braithwaite and Lees have classified spinal hydatids into five types (1) intramedullary (2) intradural extramedullary (3) extradural intraspinal disease (4) vertebral hydatid (5) paravertebral hydatid. When hydatid disease from spinal canal extends into retroperitoneal space through the neural foramen, it gives dumbell formation (similar to nerve sheath tumors). Symptoms of hydatid are mainly due to compressive effects of the cyst, low back pain accompanying motor weakness, sensory disturbances, bowel and bladder disturbances and cauda equina syndrome. Extensive vertebral hydatidosis can cause fractures of vertebrae. Serology tests are used in diagnosing suspected cases of hydatid disease. MRI with soft tissue detail is more preferable than other modalities in diagnosing spinal hydatid. Successful treatment of spinal hydatid disease necessitates adequate neuroimaging evaluation, careful surgical removal without spillage of cystic components and adding adjuvant chemotherapy in few cases is the mainstay of treatment. Sometimes when it is difficult to retrieve all the cysts in toto, debulking is advised.
Philip Wayne Powell, the Cold War, and the Conquest of Northern Mexico
Authors: Folsom Raphael B. 
Published: September 2015

The writings of the U.S. scholar Philip Wayne Powell have had an enduring influence on the historiography of colonial Mexico and the Spanish borderlands. But his writings have never been examined as a unified corpus, and so the deeply reactionary political ideology that lay behind them has never been well understood. By analyzing Powell’s political convictions, this article shows how contemporary scholarship on the conquest of northern Mexico can emerge from Powell’s long shadow.
Los escritos del estudioso estadounidense Philip Wayne Powell han ejercido una influencia perdurable sobre la historiografía del México colonial y las zonas fronterizas españolas. Sin embargo, dichos escritos nunca han sido examinados como un corpus unificado, de manera que la ideología política profundamente reaccionaria detrás de ellos nunca ha sido bien comprendida. Al analizar las convicciones políticas de Powell, el presente artículo muestra cómo puede surgir un conocimiento contemporáneo sobre la conquista del norte de México a partir de la larga sombra de Powell.
Description of focal liver lesions with using Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI
Authors: Caraiani Cosmin-Nicolae , Dan Marian , Fenesan Diana-Ioana , Badea Radu 
Published: September 2015

Imaging procedures play a fundamental role in the therapeutic management of focal liver lesions. The goals of imaging are to detect and correctly characterize focal liver lesions. This review highlights the performances of newer, liver-specific, contrast media in the diagnosis of focal liver lesions, particularly Gd-EOB-DTPA (Primovist), the most frequently used liver specific contrast media. It has been shown, in different papers, that Gd-EOB-DTPA has better performances compared to either triphasic contrast enhanced computed tomography or dynamic MRI in both detection and characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma on the cirrhotic liver. Therefore liver MRI with Primovist is considered, in many centers, the "state-of-the-art" imaging examination of the liver before surgery or liver transplantation. Gd-EOB-DTPA is also useful in the differential diagnosis of benign hypervascular focal liver lesions such as adenomas or focal nodular hyperplasias.
Investigation of thyroid nodules in the female population in Cyprus and in Romania
Authors: Piciu Andra , Andrianou Xanthi D. , Irimie Alexandru , Bălăcescu Ovidiu , Zira Christina , Bărbuș Elena , Peștean Claudiu , Aristeidou Kyriakos , Theofanous Thalia , Agathokleous Margerita , Piciu Doina , Makris Konstantinos C. 
Published: September 2015

Background and aims. The most common thyroid disorders, with an increasing detection worldwide, are the thyroid nodules and thyroiditis, which leads to an increase of thyroid cancer incidence . In two different countries with a different exposure to risk factors for thyroid cancer, such as Cyprus and Romania, the rank of thyroid cancer among other neoplasms is very different: the 3rd most prevalent cancer among females in Cyprus and the 12th in Romania, respectively. Environmental chemicals, such as bisphenol A have a proven effect on the thyroid function. However, the relation between the exposure to the endocrine disruptor and the development of thyroid nodules, with a potential of malignant transformation has not been previously studied. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential factors that lead to the difference of thyroid nodules incidence in the mentioned countries.Methods. A pilot case-control study has been conducted in 2014-2015 in the “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță” Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and the Endocrinology Department of Archbishop Makarios III Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus. Females older than 20 years with no medical history were recruited. Cases were women with ultrasound-confirmed thyroid nodules of size >3mm. Controls were women without thyroid nodules after ultrasound confirmation. All participants provided blood samples for measurements of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (FT4), anti- thyroglobulin (ATg) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (ATPO); urine samples. Demographics, anthropometrics and other relevant information were provided through the administration of a questionnaire.Results. In Romania we selected 51 patients with thyroid nodules (case group) and 41 without thyroid nodules (control group) and in Cyprus 57 cases, respectively 65 controls. After the statistical analysis of the data collected we observed statistically significant differences between the populations of the two countries regarding BMI and the value of the thyroid hormones and antibodies.Conclusions. Using the data observed in this study, differences were found between Cyprus and Romania among females with thyroid nodules the BMI, and the level of thyroid hormones had statistically significant differences. This study reports preliminary data, further analysis of environmental exposures to chemical factors that might have a certain influence over the thyroid in the two countries will follow.
The importance of the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in oncology
Authors: Cetean Sînziana , Căinap Călin , Constantin Anne-Marie , Căinap Simona , Gherman Alexandra , Oprean Luminița , Hangan Adriana , Oprean Radu 
Published: September 2015

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein, the second CSF, sharing some common effects with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3) and interleukin-5 (IL-5). G-CSF is mainly produced by fibroblasts and endothelial cells from bone marrow stroma and by immunocompetent cells (monocytes, macrophages). The receptor for G-CSF (G-CSFR) is part of the cytokine and hematopoietin receptor superfamily and G-CSFR mutations cause severe congenital neutropenia.The main action of G-CSF - G-CSFR linkage is stimulation of the production, mobilization, survival and chemotaxis of neutrophils, but there are many other G-CSF effects: growth and migration of endothelial cells, decrease of norepinephrine reuptake, increase in osteoclastic activity and decrease in osteoblast activity.In oncology, G-CSF is utilized especially for the primary prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, but it can be used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, it can produce monocytic differentiation of some myeloid leukemias and it can increase some drug resistance.The therapeutic indications of G-CSF are becoming more and more numerous: non neutropenic patients infections, reproductive medicine, neurological disturbances, regeneration therapy after acute myocardial infarction and of skeletal muscle, and hepatitis C therapy.
ROMANIAN VERSION OF THE ORAL HEALTH IMPACT PROFILE-49 QUESTIONNAIRE: VALIDATION AND PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE PSYCHOMETRICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Grecu Alexandru Gratian , Dudea Diana , Balazsi Robert , Dumitrascu Dan Lucian 
Published: September 2015

Background and aims: Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) represents a multidimensional structure, being measured by complex instruments, such as the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). The aim of this present study is to develop and test the psychometric properties of an initial Romanian (OHIP-49Ro) version.Methods: The original OHIP-49 version was translated using a forward-backward technique into the Romanian OHIP-49Ro, which was applied in an interview form to 150 patients of the Second Medical Clinique of Internal Medicine, Cluj-Napoca. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied, in order to evaluate the factor structure and construct validity of the OHIP-49Ro.Results: The correlations between the OHIP-49Ro subscales were all positive and statistically significant. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients values are above 0.7 for all subscales, providing support for the internal consistency of OHIP-49Ro scale scores. Regarding the CFA, for the seven factor model, the Bentler scaled chi-square (S–Bχ2) indicated a value of 2193.74 (df = 1091; p = 0.001), the CFI a value of 0.740, the TLI a value of 0.72 and RMSEA the value of 0.82.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest a high internal consistency of the OHIP-49Ro instrument. Due to the correlations between several sets of factors, and the multiple-factorial load for several items, the OHIP-49Ro’s factorial structure requires further research on different samples and in different cultural and educational contexts.
EFFECT OF BIOACTIVE FROM Phyllathus niruri ON BEFORE AND DURING INFECTION OF Plasmodium berghei IN MICE
Authors: Kesetyaningsih Tri Wulandari , Sundari Sri 
Published: September 2015

<div>Malaria is a health problem in many countries, including Indonesia. The problem is diffi­cult to be solved due to resistance on many antimalarial drugs. Therefore, alternative treat­ment is needed to be developed. Phyllanthus niruri before infection can increase the activ­ity of macrophages in mice were infected by Plasmodium berghei but there has been no research after infection. This study aims to compare the effect of P. niruri between before and after infection with malaria. </div><div> </div>
Fuzzy Backstepping Torque Control Of Passive Torque Simulator With Algebraic Parameters Adaptation
Authors: Ullah Nasim , Wang Shaoping , Wang Xingjian 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This work presents fuzzy backstepping control techniques applied to the load simulator for good tracking performance in presence of extra torque, and nonlinear friction effects. Assuming that the parameters of the system are uncertain and bounded, Algebraic parameters adaptation algorithm is used to adopt the unknown parameters. The effect of transient fuzzy estimation error on parameters adaptation algorithm is analyzed and the fuzzy estimation error is further compensated using saturation function based adaptive control law working in parallel with the actual system to improve the transient performance of closed loop system. The saturation function based adaptive control term is large in the transient time and settles to an optimal lower value in the steady state for which the closed loop system remains stable. The simulation results verify the validity of the proposed control method applied to the complex aerodynamics passive load simulator.
Use Of REX Control System For The Ball On Spool Model
Authors: Ožana Štěpán , Pieš Martin , Hájovský Radovan , Dočekal Tomáš 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with the design and implementation of linear quadratic controller (LQR) for modeling of Ball on Spool. The paper presents the entire process, starting from mathematical model through control design towards application of controller with the use of given hardware platform. Proposed solution by means of REX Control System provides a high level of user comfort regarding implementation of control loop, diagnostics and automatically generated visualization based on HTML5. It represents an ideal example of a complex nonlinear mechatronic system with a lot of possibilities to apply other types of controllers.