bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and predictive factors of seizure types in 104 cases
Authors: Lacombe V. A. , Mayes M. , Mosseri S. , Reed S. M. , Ou T. H. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryReasons for performing the studyAlthough many studies have been performed to classify seizures by type in man and small animals, a similar study in horses is lacking.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were as follows: 1) to characterise the distribution of seizure types in 104 horses presented for seizure disorders to a referral veterinary hospital; and 2) to characterise the various types of seizures by identifying associated clinical factors.Study designRetrospective analysis of clinical records.MethodsSeizures were classified based on seizure type, according to the most recent accepted definitions in both human and small animal epileptology. History, clinical and neurological examinations, diagnostic investigations andpost mortemexaminations, when available, were recorded for univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsSeizures were categorised as primary generalised in 23% of horses, focal without secondary generalisation in 42% of cases and secondary generalised in 24% of cases. The type of seizure could not be classified in 11% of cases. Significant associations were found between seizure type and the following characteristics: 1) gender; 2) frequency of seizures; and 3) presence of seizures during hospitalisation. Seizure type was not significantly associated with aetiology. For a horse with recurrent seizures, the odds of having focal seizures was 3.7 times higher (P = 0.02) than in a similar horse with nonrecurring seizures in the final logistic regression model.ConclusionsThe majority of the seizures described were focal seizures with or without secondary generalisation. The clinical presentation was independent of the underlying disease.
Relationship between halitosis and periodontal disease – associated oral bacteria in tongue coatings
Authors: Amou T , Hinode D , Yoshioka M , Grenier D 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between halitosis and oral bacteria in tongue coating (TC) and saliva samples from patients with halitosis, and to evaluate the effect of tongue cleaning on halitosis.MethodsNinety‐four participants complaining of oral malodour were included in the study. Organoleptic (OR) values, volatile sulphur compound (VSC) concentrations determined by gas chromatography and TC scores were used as clinical parameters of halitosis. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reactions were used to determine the numbers of periodontal disease–associated oral bacteria.ResultsThere was a significant correlation between TC scores and OR values, methylmercaptan (CH3SH) concentrations and VSC concentrations (Spearman's rank‐correlation coefficient test, P < 0.01). There was also a positive correlation between the clinical parameters of halitosis and total bacterial numbers and Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Campylobacter rectus concentrations in the TC samples. However, there was no similar correlation with respect to the saliva samples. The participants were sub‐divided into two groups based on whether they had the habit of tongue cleaning or not. The participants with the habit of tongue cleaning had significantly lower OR scores, VSC concentrations and P. intermedia, F. nucleatum and C. rectus levels than the other participants (Mann–Whitney U‐test, P < 0.05).ConclusionThese results suggested that periodontal disease–associated oral bacteria in TCs are closely related to halitosis and that tongue cleaning may be an effective method for improving halitosis.
Fungal endophytes enhance wheat heat and drought tolerance in terms of grain yield and second-generation seed viability
Authors: Hubbard M. , Germida J.J. , Vujanovic V. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Aims
We evaluated the impact of fungal endophyte symbiosis on the growth, ecophysiological and reproductive success of wheat exposed to heat and drought.

Methods and Results
The resistance of pot-grown wheat to heat or drought stress was measured by quantifying efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), plant height, average seed weight (ASW), total seed weight (TSW), water-use efficiency (WUE) as well as time to 50% germination and percentage germination of second-generation seeds produced under heat stress, drought stress or well-watered conditions. The endophytic fungi tested increased wheat tolerance for drought and heat. Endophyte SMCD 2206 was the most beneficial, followed by SMCD 2210 and 2215. Surprisingly, second-generation seeds produced by drought-stressed wheat colonized by SMCD 2206, 2210 or 2215 had decreased WUE relative to those produced by endophyte-free, drought-stressed plants. However, these seeds germinated more rapidly than those produced by endophyte-free, stressed parental plants.

Conclusions
The tested consortium of endophytes has the potential to improve wheat adaptation to heat and drought.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The capacity of endophytes to increase wheat tolerance for abiotic stress and to improved germination in endophyte-free second-generation seeds arising from stressed plants could be applicable to agriculture. The mechanisms by which intergenerational endophyte-mediated affects occurs warrant further research.
Tree growth and climate in the Pacific Northwest, North America: a broad‐scale analysis of changing growth environments
Authors: Albright Whitney L. , Peterson David L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimClimate change in the 21st century will affect tree growth in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, although complex climate–growth relationships make it difficult to identify how radial growth will respond across different species distributions. We used a novel method to examine potential growth responses to climate change at a broad geographical scale with a focus on visual inspection of patterns and applications beyond sampled areas.LocationWashington and Oregon,USA.MethodsWe examined projected changes in climate within species distributions of mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in Washington and Oregon based on three different future climate scenarios. By drawing on knowledge from previous climate–growth studies and organizing information into climate space plots, we inferred directional changes in future radial growth.ResultsIncreased moisture stress will reduce growth throughout the distribution of Douglas‐fir, but growth may increase at some energy‐limited locations. Decreased snowpack will increase growing season length and increase growth of subalpine fir and mountain hemlock at most locations, although growth may decrease at some low‐elevation sites.Main conclusionsAn altered Pacific Northwest climate will elicit different growth responses from common conifer species within their current distributions. The methodology developed in this study allowed us to qualitatively extrapolate climate–growth relationships from individual sites to entire species distributions and can identify growth responses where climate–growth data are limited.
The Relationship Between the Low‐Income Subsidy and Cost‐Related Nonadherence to Drug Therapies in Medicare Part D
Authors: Wei Iris I. , Lloyd Jennifer T. , Shrank William H. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between receiving the Medicare Part D low‐income subsidy (LIS) and cost‐related medication nonadherence (CRN).DesignCross‐sectional.SettingMedicare Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey collected in spring 2007.ParticipantsPart D–enrolled Medicare beneficiaries who responded to the CAHPS survey.MeasurementsRespondents were categorized into three LIS groups: deemed LIS (Medicare and Medicaid dual‐eligible and individuals receiving Supplemental Security Income), LIS applicants (other low‐income individuals who applied for and received LIS), and non‐LIS. Adjusted logistic models were used to assess the likelihood of CRN according to LIS status. Sample weights were applied in all analyses to account for complex sampling design.ResultsOf 171,573 Part D‐enrolled respondents (weighted N = 14,572,827; response rate 48%), 17.2% reported CRN. Specifically, 14.7% of non‐LIS respondents, 22.2% of deemed‐LIS respondents, and 24.0% of LIS applicants reported CRN. LIS groups had higher unadjusted odds of CRN than the non‐LIS respondents, but fully adjusted odds of CRN were lower in the deemed‐LIS (adjusted odds ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval = 0.59, 0.74) than the LIS applicants or the non‐LIS respondents. Subgroup analyses revealed that sociodemographic and health‐related characteristics were associated with higher CRN in all three groups.ConclusionThe lower adjusted odds of CRN in deemed‐LIS is reassuring, suggesting that autoenrollment provides meaningful assistance in removing cost‐related barriers to medication use, but certain sociodemographic characteristics were associated with higher odds of CRN. Efforts to improving outreach to these subgroups and tracking of CRN are warranted.
Why Do Older Unhealthy Drinkers Decide to Make Changes or Not in Their Alcohol Consumption? Data from the Healthy Living as You Age Study
Authors: Borok Jenna , Galier Peter , Dinolfo Matteo , Welgreen Sandra , Hoffing Marc , Davis James W. , Ramirez Karina D. , Liao Diana H. , Tang Lingqi , Karno Mitch , Sacco Paul , Lin James C. , Moore Alison A. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo understand characteristics of older at‐risk drinkers and reasons why they decide to change or maintain their alcohol consumption.DesignSecondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial to reduce drinking in at‐risk drinkers.SettingThree primary care sites in southern California.ParticipantsSix hundred thirty‐one adults aged 55 and older who were at‐risk drinkers at baseline, 521 of whom who completed a 12‐month assessment.MeasurementsSociodemographic and alcohol‐related characteristics of 12‐month assessment completers and noncompleters and among those completing the 12‐month assessment by telephone or mail were compared using descriptive statistics. Reasons why respondents maintained or changed average alcohol consumption were asked of those who completed a 12‐month assessment by telephone. Factors that might motivate at‐risk drinkers to reduce drinking were asked about, and frequencies were calculated for these responses.ResultsParticipants were primarily male, white, highly educated, and in good health. Those who responded to the 12‐month assessment by mail were more likely to be working, to be in the intervention arm, and to drink more. Most who reduced alcohol consumption and heavy drinking did so because they thought it would benefit them. Those who did not thought that drinking was not a problem for them. Both groups cited their environment and circumstances as influencing their drinking. Remaining at‐risk drinkers reported that medical evidence that alcohol was harming them would motivate them to reduce drinking.ConclusionOlder adults report that they reduce their drinking when they recognize that their drinking habits may be causing them harm; one's environment can hinder or help one to reduce drinking.
What Students Experienced: A Narrative Analysis of Essays Written by First‐Year Medical Students Participating in a Geriatrics Home Visit
Authors: O'Donnell Linsey , Carson Lesley , Forciea Mary Ann , Kinosian Bruce , Shea Judy , Yudin Jean , Miller Rachel K. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo develop a house call experience for first‐year medical students introducing them to challenges that homebound, chronically ill elderly adults face.DesignDuring the semester, two students were paired with a preceptor to see two to three patients.SettingThe house call practices of the Division of Geriatric Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Hospital.ParticipantsOne hundred sixty‐five first‐year medical students.MeasurementsPairs of students worked together to write an essay after the visit. Essays addressed specific areas, as detailed in a provided checklist, including noting patients' functional limitations, identifying community supports available to patients, and writing about general surprises that the students discovered during their visit. These data were then measured using narrative analysis.ResultsIn all domains, students identified core goals and objectives. In the first domain (meeting challenges of functional limitations), students recognized the importance of family support. In the second domain (mentioning of functional limitation), high levels of compliance were seen. In the third domain (community support), students mentioned specific formal supports. In the fourth domain (surprises during the visit), students identified many important geriatrics concepts.ConclusionIn writing their essays, students demonstrated a high level of recognition of functional impairment and noted the importance of family, social networks, and home environment in enabling homebound, chronically ill elderly adults to stay in their homes. Many students also demonstrated an awareness of the possibilities of independence and happiness despite significant illness and disability.
How dointensive carenurses perceive families in intensive care? Insights from the United Kingdom and Australia
Authors: Kean Susanne , Mitchell Marion 
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectivesTo compare how intensive care nurses in theUKand Australia (AU) perceive families in intensive care units (ICUs).BackgroundInternational healthcare research and practice is often based on an underlying assumption of a person‐ or family‐centred ideology. While nurses in ICUs acknowledge the importance of patients' families, a true integration of families as units of care is often not realised.DesignData fromICUnurses from two international studies: (1) a constructivist grounded theory study in theUKand (2) a quasi‐experimental non‐equivalent clinical study inAU. Data were collected in tertiary adultICUs in theUKandAU. Nurse‐to‐patient ratio for high‐acuity patients was 1:1 in both units.ParticipantsTwentyICUnurses in five focus groups (UKstudy) and 197 surveys were sent out toICUnurses inAU(response rate 26%).ResultsEvidence from both studies makes visible the contribution of family care in adultICUs. Nurses remaining in control and initiating family member care involvement are less likely to perceive families as a burden. TheAUstudy indicated that when nurses partner with families to deliver care, there was a minimal effect on their workload. The nurses concluded that inviting family members to be a part of the patient's care should be usual practice inICUs.ConclusionNurses should promote, facilitate and invite the integration of families in care in today's healthcare system. This is mandatory as families are the caring resource for these patients during an often prolonged recovery trajectory.Relevance to clinical practiceFamilies are more likely to be successfully integrated into a more active involvement withICUpatients when they are not perceived as a burden. Inviting and supporting family members is not necessarily time‐consuming and starts the journey of supportingICUsurvivors' recovery journey.
Time‐Varying Fund Manager Skill
Authors: KACPERCZYK MARCIN , NIEUWERBURGH STIJN VAN , VELDKAMP LAURA 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe propose a new definition of skill as general cognitive ability to pick stocks or time the market. We find evidence for stock picking in booms and market timing in recessions. Moreover, the same fund managers that pick stocks well in expansions also time the market well in recessions. These fund managers significantly outperform other funds and passive benchmarks. Our results suggest a new measure of managerial ability that weighs a fund's market timing more in recessions and stock picking more in booms. The measure displays more persistence than either market timing or stock picking alone and predicts fund performance.
Effect of Clasp Design on Retention at Different Intervals Using Different Abutment Materials and in a Simulated Oral Condition
Authors: Helal Mohamed A. , Baraka Osama A. , Sanad Mohamed E. , Al‐Khiary Yasser , Ludwig Klaus , Kern Matthias 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the retention of circlet (E) clasps and back‐action clasps against three abutment surface materials during long‐term simulation of attachment and detachment.Material and MethodsForty‐eight test models were constructed by placing premolars (natural abutments or metal dies) inside metal blocks to test different abutment retention surface materials (sound enamel, composite resin, and glass‐ceramic; 16 each). The models were duplicated into investment models for construction of circlet (E) and back‐action clasps. Removal and insertion cycling of clasps was carried out for 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, and 16,000 cycles. The retention of each clasp was measured before cycling and after each interval. Data were analyzed using 1‐way‐ANOVA, 2‐way‐ANOVA, and Mann‐Whitney U tests.ResultsNo significant differences in retention of either clasp were found between the three abutment material surfaces; however, there was a significant decrease in retention force of the circlet (E) clasp between 1000 and 2000 cycles but not of the back‐action clasp.Conclusions(1) The back‐action clasp maintains its retention force for a longer period than the circlet (E) clasp. (2) Composite resin contouring of teeth provided retention comparable to enamel and a ceramic material.
Chinese L2 Literacy Development: Cognitive Characteristics, Learning Strategies, and Pedagogical Interventions
Authors: Shen Helen H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe field of Chinese L2 education has expanded rapidly in the past two decades. It has become a central research agenda for Chinese L2 scholars to seek answers to the question of how western learners learn to read logographic writing that is drastically different from their native languages in orthography. This paper approaches this question by focusing on the core issue of literacy development: character learning. The discussion covers the aspects of the cognitive characteristics of learners' development of their metalinguistic awareness in Chinese, the strategies they employed in the process of learning to read and write Chinese characters, and the optimum pedagogical practices to facilitate character learning.
Perioperative temperature elevation: not all hyperthermia is malignant hyperthermia
Authors: Herlich Andrew 
Published: July 2013

SummaryObjectivesThe objective of this review is to assist the readers, anesthesiologists, intensivists, and emergency physicians in making a more accurate diagnosis of perioperative fever or hyperthermia and subsequently choose the proper course of treatment.AimTo identify the many sources of perioperative fever and after a more accurate differential diagnosis, select appropriate treatment options. Most anesthesiologists, intensivists, and emergency physicians are not familiar with an expansive differential of perioperative fever. This article attempts to expose these physicians to that differential diagnosis.BackgroundMuch of the medical literature has anecdotal reports, small case series, or limited reviews of the possible sources of hyperthermia or fever. This is especially true of the anesthesia literature.ResultsA literature search was performed which identified many possible common and uncommon sources of fever. Some of these sources are quite relevant to the anesthesiologist. Other sources had potential relevance in obscure cases.
On a Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger System: A Ermakov Connection
Authors: Rogers Colin 
Published: July 2013

[Dedicated to the memory of Sergei Manakov]Ermakov‐type invariants are isolated for a subsystem of an N‐component coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system. An algorithmic procedure is presented which reduces this Ermakov–Ray–Reid system to quadrature. The method is illustrated in the single component case by application to a nonlinear system descriptive of the propagation of transverse waves in incompressible hyperelastic media subject to rotation. An extended Ermakov–Ray–Reid system is presented which, if it has underlying Hamiltonian structure, is also amenable to the algorithm.
Experimental Study of Strengthening an RC Bridge Deck by Adding a Concrete Overlay
Authors: Theiner Y. , Hart H. , Drexel M. , Hofstetter G. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe present contribution focuses on the experimental investigation of moisture distribution profiles of a reinforced concrete bridge deck determined before, during and after adding a concrete overlay. By means of a non‐destructive system, the mass water content distributions were measured in the existing bridge deck as well as in the concrete overlay. Furthermore, the in situ measurements were accompanied by a comprehensive laboratory test programme. Water desorption isotherms and ultimate drying shrinkage strain were determined on specimens made of both the substrate and overlay concrete. Moreover, moisture distributions and shrinkage strains were measured on concrete prisms stored under uniform climatic conditions. Comparison of in situ measurements with lab test results allows a better understanding of the impact of environmental influences on the bonded overlay behaviour. Comparison of in situ measurements with previous lab test results allows the assessment of the effectivity of surface preparation by high‐pressure water jetting and, hence, the examination of the significance of results from composite lab tests for real bridge decks strengthened by overlays. A comparison of an experimental and numerical study of restraint effects exerted from the substrate concrete on the overlay will be presented in an accompanying paper.
Numerical Simulation of Coal Fly-Ash Erosion in an Induced Draft
Fan
Authors: Corsini Alessandro , Rispoli Franco , Sheard Anthony G. , Venturini Paolo 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Induced draft fans extract coal-fired boiler exhaust gases in the form of a two-phase flow with a dispersed solid phase made of unburnt coal and fly ash; consequently fan blades are subject to erosion causing material wear at the leading edge, trailing edge, and blade surface. Erosion results in blade material loss, a reduction of blade chord, and effective camber that together degrade aerodynamic performance. This paper presents a numerical study of the erosive process in an induced draft fan carried out by simulating the particle laden flow using an original finite element Eulerian-Lagrangian solver. The particle trajectories are calculated using a particle cloud tracking technique that considers drifting near wall and an algebraic erosion model. The numerical study clarifies the influence of fan operation to the determination of the erosion regimes and patterns. In particular, the study investigates the role played by the size and mass distribution of the particles by considering a real composition of the flying ashes in the exhaust flow from a coal-fired boiler. The results illustrate the critical blade areas and erosion rates as given by the particle dynamics of different sizes. A specific analysis of the material wear at the blade leading edge is also given.