bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of 5‐GHz CMOS LC VCO with dual tuning circuit
Authors: Hsu Meng‐Ting , Hung Jie‐An , Ou An‐Cheng 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, a linear tuning range, low power, and low phase noise of CMOS voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is presented. The core circuit of VCO is adopted dual‐tuning LC resonator with two transformer coupling structure. The bandwidth of the frequency range is from 4.85 to 5.84 GHz with a 18.5% tuning ratio by two tuning voltages. The phase noise of the proposed VCO is −119.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. The power consumption is 5.2 mW from 1 V supply and the KVCO exhibits the linearity with 240 MHz/V. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1356–1360, 2014
A meandering substrate integrated waveguide with slots for frequency scanning array
Authors: Chiu Leung 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA meandered substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) has been proposed for the frequency scanning array that has potential application of the low cost 24‐GHz Doppler radar system. All radiating slots are connected in series using a short circuit ended SIW; therefore, its radiation beam can be steered with frequency. The modified antenna with meandering structure is proposed to enhance the scanning range. The physical slot spacing is kept at about half free space waveguide, whereas the electrical spacing is about 540° at the center frequency of 24 GHz. A broadside radiation is achieved at 24‐GHz frequency and a ±30° continuous scanning range is experimentally confirmed with the frequency band from 23 to 25 GHz. Another antenna with center frequency of 77 GHz is designed and tested. It also achieves a ±30° continuous scanning range with the frequency band from 75 to 79 GHz. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1478–1483, 2014
A 2 × 1 multiband MIMO antenna system consisting of miniaturized patch elements
Authors: Khan Muhammad. U. , Sharawi Mohammad. S. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe design of a compact two element multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The antenna operates in four bands. It resonates at 750 MHz, 1.17 GHz, 1.7 GHz, and 2.35 GHz. The elements of the MIMO antenna system are patch antennas loaded with complementary split‐ring resonators (CSRR). A CSRR is used to lower the resonant frequency of the patch as well as to achieve multiple resonances. The antenna occupies a total space of 120 × 60 × 0.8 mm3. Measured results of fabricated antenna show good agreement with simulation results. The evaluation of antenna for various parameters including bandwidth, isolation, total active reflection coefficient, mean effective gain, correlation coefficient, and radiation patterns is presented in this article. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1371–1375, 2014
Novel wideband high‐efficiency high‐power amplifier using microstrip radial stub for 4G communication systems
Authors: Wang Zhebin , Park Chan‐Wang 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents a novel wideband GaN HEMT power amplifier (PA) using microstrip radial stub (MRS) to realize wideband harmonic suppression. The angle and the bottom length of MRS are analyzed. One wideband PA is fabricated using MRS in both input and output matching networks to demonstrate this wideband method. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1412–1418, 2014
Experimental characterization of FSS for WLAN applications with low‐cost UWB elliptical microstrip monopole antennas
Authors: Nóbrega Clarissa de L. , da Silva Marcelo R. , Silva Paulo H. da F. , D'Assunção Adaildo. G. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work, we propose an elliptical microstrip monopole antenna with ultrawideband (UWB) characteristics to be applied in low cost measurements of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). The −10‐dB impedance bandwidth of the elliptical antenna is 1.0–13.5 GHz, which is about 172% broader. To demonstrate the antenna application in FSS measurements, we also propose a dual‐band band‐stop FSS with metallic patches based on teragon fractal geometry designed to reject wireless local area network signals. Theoretical analysis of the elliptical monopole and FSS is done using Ansoft HFSS and Ansoft DesignerTM commercial softwares, respectively. Prototypes of designed antenna and FSS were built and measured. Through the use of UWB monopole antennas, we obtained an excellent agreement between simulated and measured FSS transmission coefficients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1331–1333, 2014
Detecting coevolution in mammalian sperm–egg fusion proteins
Authors: Claw Katrina G. , George Renee D. , Swanson Willie J. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYInteractions between sperm and egg proteins can occur physically between gamete surface‐binding proteins, and genetically between gamete proteins that work in complementary pathways in which they may not physically interact. Physically interacting sperm–egg proteins have been functionally identified in only a few species, and none have been verified within mammals. Candidate genes on both the sperm and egg surfaces exist, but gene deletion studies do not support functional interactions between these sperm–egg proteins; interacting sperm–egg proteins thus remain elusive. Cooperative gamete proteins undergo rapid evolution, and it is predicted that these sperm–egg proteins will also have correlated evolutionary rates due to compensatory changes on both the sperm and egg. To explore potential physical and genetic interactions in sperm–egg proteins, we sequenced four candidate genes from diverse primate species, and used regression and likelihood methods to test for signatures of coevolution between sperm–egg gene pairs. With both methods, we found that the egg protein CD9 coevolves with the sperm protein IZUMO1, suggesting a physical or genetic interaction occurs between them. With regression analysis, we found that CD9 and CRISP2 have correlated rates of evolution, and with likelihood analysis, that CD9 and CRISP1 have correlated rates. This suggests that the different tests may reflect different levels of interaction, be it physical or genetic. Coevolution tests thus provide an exploratory method for detecting potentially interacting sperm–egg protein pairs. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 531–538, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of a 1‐year exercise and lifestyle intervention on irisin, adipokines, and inflammatory markers in obese children
Authors: Blüher Susann , Panagiotou Grigorios , Petroff David , Markert Jana , Wagner Antje , Klemm Thorsten , Filippaios Andreas , Keller Alexandra , Mantzoros Christos S. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveExercise improves weight status and metabolism. Irisin, a novel myokine, may be involved in the regulation of metabolic function. The effect of an exercise and dietary lifestyle intervention for 1‐year on irisin, adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin) and inflammatory markers (C‐reactive protein (CRP), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (sTNFR‐II) was evaluated, and predictors of irisin levels were characterized in obese children.MethodsParameters were assessed at baseline and at follow‐up for 65 obese children who completed the program (7–18 years, 54%boys). Their relation to weight status and metabolic risk was analyzed.ResultsAnthropometric and metabolic parameters improved after completion of the program. Circulating irisin levels at baseline were 111.0 ± 8.0 ng ml−1 and increased after the intervention by 12% [6%, 17%], P = 0.00003. There was no evidence for differences in irisin levels between genders and across age. Moreover, changes in irisin did not correlate with those in BMI‐SDS, adipokines or inflammatory markers. Leptin decreased after the intervention (Δ5.3 ng ml−1, [3.2, 6.3], P = 10−7). Anthropometric measures were significantly associated with leptin and inflammatory markers.ConclusionsA 1‐year long lifestyle intervention program is associated with improvement in anthropometric and metabolic parameters and leads to an elevation in irisin levels in obese children.
Effect of tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide salt on the cationic polymerization of dimethylketene and on the thermal properties of the obtained polyketones
Authors: Wang Hanbin , Desilles Nicolas , Burel Fabrice 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe cationic polymerization of dimethylketene is achieved in dichloromethane at −30 °C, using a stoichiometric mixture of aluminum bromide (AlBr3) and tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide (n‐Bu4N+Br−) as initiator. Characterizations by 1H and 13C NMR show that the resulting polymers have a perfect polyketonic microstructure. Capillary viscosity, DSC, and SEC analysis show that for a constant monomer/initiator ratio, polymers synthesized in the presence of tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide are more crystalline and have better properties than those produced only with AlBr3. Melting temperatures, inherent viscosities and average molecular weights are systematically higher. A good linearity is observed between ln (inherent viscosity) versus ln
for the system with n‐Bu4N+Br−, showing a good control of the molecular weight by the initial feed ratio. The effect of this compound suggests a reversible equilibrium between active and dormant species, which limits the transfer and/or termination reactions, and enables a better control of the cationic polymerization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1493–1499
Effect of pressure on the flow behavior of polybutene
Authors: Ponjavic Aleks , di Mare Luca , Wong Janet S. S. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe rheology of submicron thick polymer melt is examined under high normal pressure conditions by a recently developed photobleached‐fluorescence imaging velocimetry technique. In particular, the validity and limitation of Reynold equation solution, which suggests a linear through‐thickness velocity profile, is investigated. Polybutene (PB) is sheared between two surfaces in a point contact. The results presented in this work suggest the existence of a critical pressure below which the through‐thickness velocity profile is close to linear. At higher pressures however, the profile assumes a sigmoidal shape resembling partial plug flow. The departure of the sigmoidal profile from the linear profile increases with pressure, which is indicative of a second‐order phase/glass transition. The nature of the transition is confirmed independently by examining the pressure‐dependent dynamics of PB squeeze films. The critical pressure for flow profile transition varies with molecular weight, which is consistent with the pressure‐induced glass transition of polymer melt. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 708–715
Solubility Determination of Raw Energetic Materials in Molten 2,4‐Dinitroanisole
Authors: Grau Henry , Gandzelko Aleksander , Samuels Philip 
Published: March 2014

Abstract2,4‐Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is an ingredient used in several insensitive munition formulations that have recently been qualified by the US Army. A phenomenon known as irreversible growth is found to occur during conditioning cycles of insensitive munitions (IM) that contain DNAN. A possible cause of the irreversible growth maybe the potential solubility of energetic components formulated with melted DNAN. This report documents methods development and procedures used to determine the solubility of energetic constituents in molten DNAN at 100 °C. High performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography were used for quantitation. Solubilities (given as g energetic per 100 g DNAN) of RDX, HMX, NTO, NQ, and AP were found as 13.7, 3.02, 0.222, 0.448, and 0.088, respectively.
Facile Preparation of Self‐Sensitized FOX‐7 with Uniform Pores by Heat Treatment
Authors: Li Tingting , Li Rui , Nie Fude , Wang Jun , Huang Weigang , Yang Guangcheng 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSelf‐sensitized FOX‐7 (1,1‐diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethylene) was prepared by a facile heat treatment process near the decomposition temperature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) shows the self‐sensitized FOX‐7 becomes multiple layers and porous after heat treatment. N2 adsorbance measurements revealed that its specific surface area (6.754 m2 g−1) is 20 times of the area of expanded ammonium nitrate. The SAXS tests further indicate the existence of a large amount of voids in self‐sensitized FOX‐7 and the pore size is about 30 nm, belonging to mesopore (2.0–50 nm). Based on the analysis of X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), the self‐sensitized porous FOX‐7 consists of α‐phase and a spot of γ‐phase. The TG‐DSC results show that the self‐sensitized FOX‐7 exhibits excellent thermal stability. The impact, frication and electrostatic spark sensitivities of self‐sensitized FOX‐7 also have considerable enhancement. This new method provides a promising route for exploring new green primary explosive replacements.
Fibrin‐targeted plasminogen activation by plasminogen activator, PadA, from Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Authors: Singh Satish , Bhando Timsy , Dikshit Kanak L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBacterial plasminogen activators differ from each other in their mechanism of plasminogen activation besides their host specificity. Three‐domain streptokinase (SK) and two‐domain PauA generate nonproteolytic active site center in their cognate partner plasminogen but their binary activator complexes are resistant to α2‐antiplasmin (a2AP) inhibition causing nonspecific plasminogen activation in plasma. In contrast, single‐domain plasminogen activator, staphylokinase (SAK), requires proteolytic cleavage of human plasminogen into plasmin for the active site generation, and this activator complex is inhibited by a2AP. The single‐domain plasminogen activator, PadA, from Streptococcus dysgalatiae, having close sequence and possible structure homology with SAK, was recently reported to activate bovine Pg in a nonproteolytic manner similar to SK. We report hereby that the binary activator complex of PadA with bovine plasminogen is inhibited by a2AP and PadA is recycled from this complex to catalyze the activation of plasminogen in the clot environment, where it is completely protected from a2AP inhibition. Catalytic efficiency of the activator complex formed by PadA and bovine plasminogen is amplified several folds in the presence of cyanogen bromide digested fibrinogen but not by intact fibrinogen indicating that PadA may be highly efficient at the fibrin surface. The present study, thus, demonstrates that PadA is a unique single‐domain plasminogen activator that activates bovine plasminogen in a fibrin‐targeted manner like SAK. The sequence optimization by PadA for acquiring the characteristics of both SK and SAK may be exploited for the development of efficient and fibrin‐specific plasminogen activators for thrombolytic therapy.
The crystal structure of NS5A domain 1 from genotype 1a reveals new clues to the mechanism of action for dimeric HCV inhibitors
Authors: Lambert Sebastian M. , Langley David R. , Garnett James A. , Angell Richard , Hedgethorne Katy , Meanwell Nicholas A. , Matthews Steve J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNew direct acting antivirals (DAAs) such as daclatasvir (DCV; BMS‐790052), which target NS5A function with picomolar potency, are showing promise in clinical trials. The exact nature of how these compounds have an inhibitory effect on HCV is unknown; however, major resistance mutations appear in the N‐terminal region of NS5A that include the amphipathic helix and domain 1. The dimeric symmetry of these compounds suggests that they act on a dimer of NS5A, which is also consistent with the presence of dimers in crystals of NS5A domain 1 from genotype 1b. Genotype 1a HCV is less potently affected by these compounds and resistance mutations have a greater effect than in the 1b genotypes. We have obtained crystals of domain 1 of the important 1a NS5A homologue and intriguingly, our X‐ray crystal structure reveals two new dimeric forms of this domain. Furthermore, the high solvent content (75%) makes it ideal for ligand‐soaking. Daclatasvir (DCV) shows twofold symmetry suggesting NS5A dimers may be of physiological importance and serve as potential binding sites for DCV. These dimers also allow for new conformations of a NS5A expansive network which could explain its operation on the membranous web. Additionally, sulfates bound in the crystal structure may provide evidence for the previously proposed RNA binding groove, or explain regulation of NS5A domain 2 and 3 function and phosphorylation, by domain 1.
Perfect simulation of processes with long memory: A “coupling into and from the past” algorithm
Authors: Garivier Aurélien 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe describe a new algorithm for the perfect simulation of variable length Markov chains and random systems with perfect connections. This algorithm, which generalizes Propp and Wilson's simulation scheme, is based on the idea of coupling into and from the past. It improves on existing algorithms by relaxing the conditions on the kernel and by accelerating convergence, even in the simple case of finite order Markov chains. Although chains of variable or infinite order have been widely investigated for decades, their use in applied probability, from information theory to bio‐informatics and linguistics, has recently led to considerable renewed interest. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 46, 300–319, 2015
Coping with Workplace Interpersonal Stress among Japanese Employees
Authors: Kato Tsukasa 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe current study examined the relationship between coping with workplace interpersonal stress (WIS) and psychological dysfunction (i.e. depressive symptoms, burnout, general distress and daytime sleepiness). Three hundred twenty‐four Japanese full‐time workers completed measures assessing coping strategies with WIS and psychological dysfunction. Three strategies of coping with WIS were measured: distancing coping, reassessing coping and constructive coping. Multiple regression analyses revealed that distancing coping, which reflects strategies to actively damage, disrupt and dissolve a stressful relationship, was related to high levels of depressive symptoms, burnout, general distress and daytime sleepiness. Reassessing coping, which incorporates efforts to patiently wait for an appropriate opportunity to act, such as a change or improvement in the situation, was related to low levels of depressive symptoms, burnout, general distress and daytime sleepiness. Constructive coping was not significantly associated with psychological dysfunction. Implications for workplace stress are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aquatic vascular plants in Japanese lakes
Authors: Nishihiro Jun , Akasaka Munemitsu , Ogawa Mifuyu , Takamura Noriko 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis data paper describes the native vascular aquatic plant floras of 268 Japanese lakes recorded from 1899–2011. The data were compiled from 201 literature sources, most of which were written in Japanese and published in local journals or individual reports rather than in major scientific journals. The literature was searched using web‐based services (i.e., Google Scholar, http://scholar.google.com/; CiNii, http://ci.nii.ac.jp/en; JDreamII, http://pr.jst.go.jp/jdream2/; and ISI, http://apps.webofknowledge.com) and by private communication with experts or local governments. Scientific names were consolidated under currently‐accepted nomenclature. Four datasets, FloraDB, LakeDB, SpeciesDB, and LiteratureDB, were created to include records of the flora of each lake in each year, the names and locations of the lakes, the scientific names and synonyms of the aquatic vascular plants, and a literature list, respectively. These data can be used to study long‐term changes in the species composition and/or richness of aquatic plants in Japanese lakes.
Crossover between two- and three-dimensional turbulence in spatial mixing layers
Authors: Biancofiore Luca 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe investigate how the domain depth affects the turbulent behaviour in spatially developing mixing layers by means of large-eddy simulations based on a spectral vanishing viscosity technique. Analyses of spectra of the vertical velocity, of Lumley’s diagrams, of the turbulent kinetic energy and of the vortex stretching show that a two-dimensional behaviour of the turbulence is promoted in spatial mixing layers by constricting the fluid motion in one direction. This finding is in agreement with previous works on turbulent systems constrained by a geometric anisotropy, pioneered by Smith, Chasnov & Waleffe (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 77, 1996, pp. 2467–2470). We observe that the growth of the momentum thickness along the streamwise direction is damped in a confined domain. An almost fully two-dimensional turbulent behaviour is observed when the momentum thickness is of the same order of magnitude as the confining scale.
Biological characteristics of Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the southern Black Sea (Turkey)
Authors: Aydin Mehmet , Karadurmuş Uğur , Tunca Evren 
Published: March 2014

The present study was carried out to evaluate the biological characteristics of Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the southern Black Sea, Ordu, Turkey. A total of 1503 crabs, ranging from 0.9 to 4.3 cm in carapace length (CL), were collected monthly from November 2012 to October 2013. Female:male ratio was found to be 1:1. Measured male and female crabs were grouped in 0.49 cm CL class intervals. The mean CL, carapace width (CW) and weight (W) were determined as 2.55 ± 0.02 cm, 2.90 ± 0.02 cm and 14.21 ± 0.27 g, respectively, for all individuals. Correlation analysis was also conducted to reveal relationships between size parameters for males and females as well as between egg number and size. The b values of CW and W for male, female and ovigerous crabs were found to be 3.1, 3.06 and 2.95, respectively. Number of large-sized individuals and growth rate was higher in males compared to females.The highest correlation was found between CW and CL in both sexes. The mean condition index values were calculated as 49.03 for males and 45.79 for females. Ovigerous females were observed only from May to July 2013. The fecundity estimates ranged from 8989 to 151,578 eggs/crab, with an average value of 57,814.53 ± 3349 eggs/crab. The egg diameter ranged between 328.40 μm and 423.38 μm, with a mean size of 365.83 ± 1.97 μm. There was a positive relationship between egg number and female size.
Comprehensive profiling of the vaginal microbiome in HIV positive women using massive parallel semiconductor sequencing
Authors: Ameur Adam , Meiring Tracy L. , Bunikis Ignas , Häggqvist Susana , Lindau Cecilia , Lindberg Julia Hedlund , Gustavsson Inger , Mbulawa Zizipho Z. A. , Williamson Anna-Lise , Gyllensten Ulf 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInfections by HIV increase the risk of acquiring secondary viral and bacterial infections and methods are needed to determine the spectrum of co-infections for proper treatment. We used rolling circle amplification (RCA) and Ion Proton sequencing to investigate the vaginal microbiome of 20 HIV positive women from South Africa. A total of 46 different human papillomavirus (HPV) types were found, many of which are not detected by existing genotyping assays. Moreover, the complete genomes of two novel HPV types were determined. Abundance of HPV infections was highly correlated with real-time PCR estimates, indicating that the RCA-Proton method can be used for quantification of individual pathogens. We also identified a large number of other viral, bacterial and parasitic co-infections and the spectrum of these co-infections varied widely between individuals. Our method provides rapid detection of a broad range of pathogens and the ability to reconstruct complete genomes of novel infectious agents.