bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Furoxan Derivatives for Energetic Applications
Authors: Li Yanan , Zhang Zhizhong , Ge Zhongxue , Wang Bozhou , Lai Weipeng , Luo Yifen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTwo novel energetic compounds, 3,4‐bis(1′,2′,4′‐triazole‐3′‐yl)furoxan (BTAF) and 3,4‐bis(1′‐nitro‐1′,2′,4′‐triazole‐3′‐yl)furoxan (BNTAF), were prepared and their structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS techniques and elemental analysis. The properties of BTAF and BNTAF were estimated. The predicted performance data of BTAF are as follows: density (measured) is 1.75 g/cm3, nitrogen content 50.9%, detonation velocity 7277 m/s, detonation pressure 20.1 GPa and enthalpy of formation +419.7 kJ/mol. The predicted performance data of BNTAF are as follows: density is 1.84 g/cm3, nitrogen content 45.2%, enthalpy of formation +841.5 kJ/mol, detonation velocity 8490 m/s and detonation pressure 32.4 GPa. The main themal properties of BTAF and BNTAF were analyzed by DSC and TG techniques, the results show that BTAF melts with concomitant decomposition at 188.8°C, the melting point of BNTAF is at 99.2°C and its first decomposition temperature is 139.2°C.
From New Vistas to Life Lines: Psychologists' Satisfaction with Supervision and Confidence in Supervising
Authors: McMahon Aisling , Errity Darina 
Published: January 2013

This study aimed to provide the first detailed survey of Irish psychologists' supervision practices as well as to identify what is related to satisfaction with supervisory support and to confidence in providing supervision. An online survey was distributed nationwide to Irish psychologists. Participants were mostly clinical and counselling psychologists. Three‐quarters of the participants constituted 51% of the total population of Irish health service psychologists, the remainder working in various non‐health service settings. The results showed that most Irish psychologists attend supervision but at a low frequency, typically once monthly. One‐third were dissatisfied with their supervision, greater satisfaction being related to having more frequent clinical supervision and having external individual clinical supervision. Having a safe and trustworthy relationship with supervisors was a dominant issue, and two‐thirds of psychologists wanted separation of their clinical and line management supervision. Although 70% were supervisors, only 40% were confident in their supervisory skills and just 16% had formal supervisor training. Independent predictors of supervisory confidence were experience as a psychologist, having formal supervisor training, experience as a supervisor and confidence as a therapist. A novel finding was that longer experience of personal therapy was related to greater confidence as a supervisor. This study indicates the need for access to more frequent clinical supervision to be facilitated for psychologists and for there to be clear separation of line management and clinical supervision. It is also essential that more resources are put into training supervisors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

While most psychologists are engaged in supervision, frequency of attendance is low, with more satisfied psychologists having more frequent supervision.
Most psychologists want separation of their clinical and line management supervision and have a preference for external supervision, safe and trustworthy relationships with supervisors being their primary concern.
Only 16% of psychologists had formal training in supervision but having such training significantly contributed to greater confidence as a supervisor, indicating an urgent need to provide more supervisor training for psychologists.
Mutations in the nef and vif genes associated with progression to AIDS in elite controller and slow‐progressor Patients
Authors: Cruz Nadia V.G. , Amorim Raquel , Oliveira Fátima E. , Speranza Francisco A.C. , Costa Luciana J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractProgression towards AIDS can vary from 5 to 10 years from the establishment of the primary infection by HIV‐1 to more than 10 years in the complete absence of antiretroviral therapy. Several factors can contribute to the outcome of HIV infection, including host genetic and viral replicating characteristics. Historically, nef‐deleted viral genomes have been associated with disease progression. Therefore, the lentiviral Nef protein is regarded as a progression factor. The objective of this work was to characterize the nef gene from a group of treatment naive patients infected with HIV‐1 for more than 10 years. These patients were classified as long‐term non‐progressors, elite controller, and slow‐progressors according to clinical and laboratorial data. A premature stop codon within the nef gene leading to the expression of a truncated peptide was observed on samples from the elite controller patient. For the slow‐progressor patients, several degrees of deletions at the C‐terminal of Nef were observed predicting a loss of function of this protein. The vif gene was characterized for these patients and a rare mutation that predicts a miss localization of the Vif protein to the nucleus of infected cells that could prevent its function as an APOBEC neutralization factor was also observed. These data indicate the importance of the HIV accessory proteins as factors that contribute to the outcome of AIDS. J. Med. Virol. 85:563–574, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of questionnaires used for the evaluation of patients with chronic pelvic pain
Authors: Quaghebeur Jörgen , Wyndaele Jean‐Jacques 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsComparison of questionnaires for the evaluation of symptoms and QoL in patients with CPPS.MethodsThe MPQ‐DLV, PDI, NIH‐CPSI, ICSI, and PUF, were compared for: pain, bladder complaints, and for QoL.ResultsThe studied group N = 26 (male: 16; female: 10) showed a good distribution in gender for the age (MW‐U: P = 0.6) and BMI (MW‐U: P = 0.5). The intraclass correlation (ICC) for pain intensity of MPQ‐NWC and MPQ‐PRIT was 0.55. The ICC's, for other different pain intensity scores were mostly <0.25 (global = 0.23). For bladder complaints a positive global score (ICC = 0.64) was shown, with the score for NIH‐CPSI and ICSI > 0.77. The ICC for NIH‐CPSI and PUF‐SS was the lowest (=0.48). The QoL showed a global bad correlation (ICC ≤ 0.27) with MPQ‐DLV‐QoL/PDI, PDI/ICPI, PDI/PUF‐BS and ICPI/PUF‐BS scoring >0.5.ConclusionWhen the most used questionnaires for QoL assessment in patients with CPPS are compared, very different results can be found. This indicates that results from one questionnaire cannot be used for overall conclusions concerning pain intensity and QoL. For bladder symptoms the results seem to correspond better. To develop one generally accepted questionnaire would facilitate the interpretation and comparison of data in this condition. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32:1074–1079, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Augustine's On the Good of Marriage and Infused Virtue in the Twelfth Century
Authors: Kent Bonnie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the history of ethics, it remains remains unclear how Christians of the Middle Ages came to see God‐given virtues as dispositions (habitus) created in the human soul. Patristic works could surely support other conceptions of the virtues given by grace. For example, one might argue that all such virtues are forms of charity, so that they must be affections of the soul, or that they consist in what the soul does, not anything the soul has. Scholars usually assume that the explanation lies in the impact of Aristotle's philosophy on medieval theology. This essay argues that the dispositional account of God‐given virtues was already entrenched by the end of the twelfth century and probably owes more to the influence of Augustine's treatise On the Good of Marriage.
Responsibility to Protect and Militarized Humanitarian Intervention
Authors: Reed Esther D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMy essay “Responsibility to Protect and Militarized Humanitarian Intervention: When and Why the Churches Failed to Discern Moral Hazard” (JRE 40.2) called for more questioning engagement with R2P than the broadly uncritical welcome given by the churches to the doctrine between September 2003 and September 2008. In response to Luke Glanville's reply, this essay identifies further reasons for caution before accepting R2P and so‐called humanitarian wars alongside defensive wars as paradigmatically justified. It is structured with reference to the tests in A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility, the Report by the Secretary‐General's High‐level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, as recommended to the General Assembly when considering whether to authorize or apply military force: seriousness of risk, intention, last resort, proportional means, balance of consequences.
An oral preparation of Lactobacillus acidophilus for the treatment of uncomplicated acute watery diarrhoea in Vietnamese children: study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Kolader Marion-Eliëtte , Vinh Ha , Ngoc Tuyet Pham Thi , Thompson Corinne , Wolbers Marcel , Merson Laura , Campbell James I , Ngoc Dung Tran Thi , Manh Tuan Ha , Vinh Chau Nguyen Van , Farrar Jeremy , van Doorn H Rogier , Baker Stephen 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Diarrhoeal disease is a major global health problem, particularly affecting children under the age of 5 years. Besides oral rehydration solution, probiotics are also commonly prescribed to children with acute watery diarrhoea in some settings. Results from randomised clinical trials (RCTs) in which investigators studied the effect of probiotics on diarrhoeal symptoms have largely shown a positive effect; yet, the overall quality of the data is limited. In Vietnam, probiotics are the most frequently prescribed treatment for children hospitalised with acute watery diarrhoea, but there is little justification for this treatment in this location. We have designed a RCT to test the hypothesis that an oral preparation of Lactobacillus acidophilus is superior to placebo in the treatment of acute watery diarrhoea in Vietnamese children.

Methods
This RCT was designed to study the effect of treatment with L. acidophilus (4 × 109 colony-forming units/day) for 5 days for acute watery diarrhoea against a placebo in 300 children ages 9 to 60 months admitted to hospitals in Vietnam. Clinical and laboratory data plus samples will be collected on admission, daily during hospitalisation, at discharge, and at follow-up visits for a subset of participants. The primary end point will be defined as the time from the first dose of study medication to the start of the first 24-hour period without diarrhoea as assessed by the on-duty nurse. Secondary endpoints include the time to cessation of diarrhoea as recorded by parents or guardians in an hourly checklist, stool frequency over the first 3 days, treatment failure, rotavirus and norovirus viral loads, and adverse events.

Discussion
The existing evidence for the use of probiotics in treating acute watery diarrhoea seems to favour their use. However, the size of the effect varies across publications. An array of different probiotic organisms, doses, treatment durations, study populations, designs, settings, and aetiologies have been described. In this trial, we will investigate whether probiotics are beneficial as an adjuvant treatment for children with acute watery diarrhoea in Vietnam, with the aim of guiding clinical practice through improved regional evidence.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN88101063
Theoretical Investigation of Nitrogen-Doping Effect on Native Defect Aggregation Processes in Silicon
Authors: Kageshima H. , Taguchi A. , Wada K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe theoretically investigated interactions between nitrogen (N) atoms and Si native defects, vacancy (V) and interstitial (I), by using first-principles calculations in order to shed light on the nitrogen-doping effect on the defect aggregation processes. Stabilities of various N-I and N-V complexes are examined by calculating the total energy. We found that N atoms form stable complexes with both of V and I. The formation of such stable complexes reduces the effective concentrations of the native defects, resulting in the suppression of aggregation processes of V and I.
A cost effectiveness analysis of stepped care treatment for bulimia nervosa
Authors: Crow Scott J. , Agras W. Stewart , Halmi. Katherine A. , Fairburn Christopher G. , Mitchell James E. , Nyman John A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground:The cost effectiveness of various treatment strategies for bulimia nervosa (BN) is unknown.Aims:To examine the cost effectiveness of stepped care treatment for BN.Method:Randomized trial conducted at four clinical centers with intensive measurement of direct medical costs and repeated measurement of subject quality of life and family/significant other time involvement. Two hundred ninety‐three women who met DSM‐IV criteria for BN received stepped care treatment or cognitive behavioral therapy. Cost effectiveness ratios were compared.Results:The cost per abstinent subject was $12,146 for stepped care, and $20,317 for cognitive behavioral therapy. Quality of life ratings improved significantly with treatment, and family/significant other time burden diminished substantially.Discussion:In this trial, stepped care for BN appeared cost effective in comparison to cognitive behavioral therapy. Treatment was associated with improved quality of life and diminished time costs of illness. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Application of improved top‐down approach in maximizing CHO cell mass and productivity in fed‐batch culture
Authors: Sun Ya‐Ting , Zhao Liang , Liu Xu‐Ping , Hu Dong‐dong , Fan Li , Tan Wen‐Song 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundEnhancing the efficiency of process development is a key issue for the production of recombinant therapeutic protein. To maximize both cell mass and productivity with limited time and effort, an improved top‐down approach was adopted in the development and optimization of fed‐batch culture.ResultsTwo‐round optimization was carried out to refine the nutrients following an investigation into the effect of complete feeding medium. After the first round of optimization, cell growth was improved with the integral of viable cell concentration increased by 32.2%. After the second round of optimization, cell productivity was improved with the specific antibody production rate increased 1.5‐fold, and cell longevity was also prolonged using improved feeding strategy. In the optimized fed‐batch culture in a 2 L bioreactor, the maximum cell concentration was increased by 68% and final antibody titer was increased 3.9‐fold compared with the fed‐batch culture with simple feeding medium.ConclusionThe improved top‐down approach helps to reveal the interaction of different nutrients and their important roles in the improvement of cell proliferation and production. Thus, the common defects of a top‐down approach can be avoided. This approach is practicable and satisfactory for efficient development of a high‐yielding process. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Asymptotic analysis of lubricated heavily loaded point contacts
Authors: Kudish Ilya I. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe paper is devoted to the development of an asymptotic approach to solution of the steady isothermal problem of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) for heavily loaded point contacts. It is shown that the whole contact region can be subdivided into three subregions: the central one that is adjacent to the other two regions occupied by the ends of the horseshoe‐shaped pressure/gap distribution zone. The central region, in turn, can be subdivided into the Hertzian region and its adjacent inlet and exit zones that, in turn, are adjacent to the inlet and exit boundaries of the contact, respectively. Moreover, in the central region, in the inlet and exit zones of heavily loaded point EHL contact, the EHL problem can be reduced to asymptotically valid equations identical to the ones obtained in the inlet and exit zones of heavily loaded line EHL contacts. The latter means that many of the well‐known properties of heavily loaded line EHL contacts are also valid for heavily loaded point EHL contacts. These asymptotically valid equations can be analysed and numerically solved based on the stable methods using a specific regularisation approach that were developed for lubricated line contacts. Cases of pre‐critical and over‐critical lubrication regimes are considered. The by‐product of this asymptotic analysis is an easy analytical derivation of formulas for the lubrication film thickness for pre‐critical and over‐critical lubrication regimes. The method is validated by the results of some experimental and numerical studies published by a number of researches. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of in‐cycle strength degradation on collapse capacity of steel moment frames
Authors: Amiri Gholamreza Ghodrati , Lahiji Naghmeh Pakdel , Darvishan Ehsan 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYIn this study, the effects of in‐cycle strength degradation of steel moment connections are investigated on global behavior of multiple degree‐of‐freedom structures. Two types of degrading connection models are defined and compared with a bilinear non‐degrading model. Due to dispersion of the experimental test results on connections performance, two models are considered for each type. A probability assessment is carried out by implementation of incremental dynamic analysis to find the capacity of the structures for various performance levels. A sensitivity study is conducted on hysteresis parameters of connection models to investigate the effect of these parameters on global behavior of the structures. Due to increased dispersion of displacement demands observed in degrading cases, a reliability analysis is carried out to consider the effect of uncertainty on confidence level of the structures. Results show that in‐cycle strength degradation can lead to abrupt dynamic instability and as a consequence decrease in reliability of the system against collapse. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ON A CLASS OF MONOMIAL IDEALS
Authors: BORNA KEIVAN , JAFARI RAHELEH 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLet $S$ be a polynomial ring over a field $K$ and let $I$ be a monomial ideal of $S$. We say that $I$ is MHC (that is, $I$ satisfies the maximal height condition for the associated primes of $I$) if there exists a prime ideal $\mathfrak{p}\in {\mathrm{Ass} }_{S} \hspace{0.167em} S/ I$ for which $\mathrm{ht} (\mathfrak{p})$ equals the number of indeterminates that appear in the minimal set of monomials generating $I$. Let $I= { \mathop{\bigcap }\nolimits}_{i= 1}^{k} {Q}_{i} $ be the irreducible decomposition of $I$ and let $m(I)= \max \{ \vert Q_{i}\vert - \mathrm{ht} ({Q}_{i} ): 1\leq i\leq k\} $, where $\vert {Q}_{i} \vert $ denotes the total degree of ${Q}_{i} $. Then it can be seen that when $I$ is primary, $\mathrm{reg} (S/ I)= m(I)$. In this paper we improve this result and show that whenever $I$ is MHC, then $\mathrm{reg} (S/ I)= m(I)$ provided $\vert {\mathrm{Ass} }_{S} \hspace{0.167em} S/ I\vert \leq 2$. We also prove that $m({I}^{n} )\leq n\max \{ \vert Q_{i}\vert : 1\leq i\leq ~k\} - \mathrm{ht} (I)$, for all $n\geq 1$. In addition we show that if $I$ is MHC and $w$ is an indeterminate which is not in the monomials generating $I$, then $\mathrm{reg} (S/ \mathop{(I+ {w}^{d} S)}\nolimits ^{n} )\leq \mathrm{reg} (S/ I)+ nd- 1$ for all $n\geq 1$ and $d$ large enough. Finally, we implement an algorithm for the computation of $m(I)$.
Stochastic Equipment Capital Budgeting with Technological Progress
Authors: Adkins Roger , Paxson Dean 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe provide multi‐factor real option models (and quasi‐analytical solutions) for equipment capital budgeting under uncertainty, when there is either unexpected, or anticipated, or uncertain (volatile) technological progress. We calculate the threshold level of revenues and operating costs using the incumbent equipment that would justify replacement. Replacement is deferred for lower revenue thresholds. If progress is anticipated or highly uncertain, alert financial managers should wait longer before replacing equipment. Replacement deferral increases with decreases in the expected correlation between revenue and operating costs, and with increases in the revenue and/or operating cost volatility. Uncertain technological progress increases the real option value of waiting. The best approach for equipment suppliers is to reduce the expected revenue and/or cost volatility, and/or reduce the expected uncertainty of technological innovations, since then an incentive exists for the early replacement of old equipment when a technologically advanced version is launched.
Domestic Violence
Authors: Brison Susan J. , Manne Daniel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe term “domestic violence” refers to violence or the threat of violence perpetrated against an intimate partner, family member, or cohabitator (seeViolence). The violence can take the form of simple assault, choking, restraining, threats with a weapon, verbal threats, and even homicide. It is often associated with other forms of abuse, including emotional and sexual. In many cases, perpetrators of domestic violence seek to isolate and control their victim by limiting their access to money, family, friends, and other means of support.
Response of oceanic cyclogenesis metrics forNARGIScyclone: a case study
Authors: Vissa Naresh Krishna , Satyanarayana A. N. V. , Prasad Kumar B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this study, variability of two oceanic cyclogenesis metrics, tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) and effective oceanic layer for cyclogenesis (EOLC) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) duringNARGIScyclone is investigated.EOLCrepresents the geopotential thickness of near surface stratified layer forms because of the spread of low salinity waters due to fresh water influx from rivers and precipitation. Climatological fields ofTCHPandEOLCreveal thatNARGIStranslated towards the region of higherEOLCas seen in the observations. A maximum daily sea surface cooling of 2 °C is observed along the right and rear side ofNARGIStrack.
Study of the Indian summer monsoon using WRF–ROMS regional coupled model simulations
Authors: Samala Basanta Kumar , C Nagaraju , Banerjee Sudipta , Kaginalkar Akshara , Dalvi Mohit 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA coupled regional atmosphere–ocean modeling system is developed using the existing regional models WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) and ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) to study the influence of air–sea interactions on the simulation of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The two‐way coupled regional model exchanges heat fluxes from atmosphere to ocean model and sea surface temperature (SST) from ocean to atmospheric model. The coupled model is used to simulate from May to September of ISM months of each year from 2000–2007, and the results are compared with observations and standalone atmospheric and oceanic models. The results show that the coupling improves the simulation of the Indian summer monsoon seasonal rainfall as well as the intra‐seasonal oscillations of the rainfall. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society