bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Tools and Techniques to Survey, Assess, Stabilise, Monitor and Preserve Underwater Archaeological Sites: Sasmap
Authors: Gregory D. J. 
Published: October 2012

Development of Tools and Techniques to Survey, Assess, Stabilise, Monitor and Preserve Underwater Archaeological Sites (SASMAP) is an EC funded project, with the purpose of developing new technologies and best practices in order to locate, assess and manage Europe's underwater cultural heritage in a more effective way than is possible today. SASMAP will take holistic- and process- based approaches to investigate underwater environments and the archaeological sites contained therein. SASMAP will benefit the management of underwater cultural heritage in Europe and in the rest of the world by providing valuable tools to plan the preservation of offshore archaeological sites and their contents in accordance with both the Treaty of Valletta (1992) and research driven investigations. The need for SASMAP is based on the results from previous and current EU initiatives, the networks resulting from these projects and on-going research at the consortium's institutions. Within SASMAP a holistic approach will be taken to locating, assessing, monitoring and safeguarding underwater cultural heritage. This will involve developing and utilising tools and technologies to allow “down-scaling” from the large scale regional level, moving on to the local site level and finally to the individual components of a site. Results obtained from the down-scaling approach at the proposed study areas will show the effectiveness of such an approach for locating and detailed mapping of archaeological sites and their preservation potential. The end results of this approach will be used to develop a plan for assessing archaeological sites in European waters. From a management point of view this is an up-scaling approach to planning (bottom up). All information and experiences obtained during the course of the project will be utilised to enhance and develop existing legislation and best practice for mapping and preserving Europe's underwater and coastal heritage. The project started in September 2012 and the aim of the paper is to give a brief introduction to the project.
Negotiating the 'Trading Zone'. Creating a Shared Information Infrastructure in the Dutch Public Safety Sector .
Authors: Boersma Kees , Wagenaar Pieter , Wolbers Jeroen 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Our main concern in this article is whether nation-wide information technology (IT) infrastructures or systems in emergency response and disaster management are the solution to the communication problems the safety sector suffers from. It has been argued that implementing nation-wide IT systems will help to create shared cognition and situational awareness among relief workers. We put this claim to the test by presenting a case study on the introduction of ‘netcentric work’, an IT system-based platform aiming at the creation of situational awareness for professionals in the safety sector in the Netherlands. The outcome of our research is that the negotiation with relevant stakeholders by the Dutch government has lead to the emergence of several fragmented IT systems. It becomes clear that a top-down implementation strategy for a single nation-wide information system will fail because of the fragmentation of the Dutch safety sector it is supposed to be a solution to. As the US safety sector is at least as fragmented as its Dutch counterpart, this may serve as a caveat for the introduction of similar IT systems in the US.
Development of sprayed CuInS2thin film absorber for nanostructured solar cell
Authors: Katerski Atanas , Kärber Erki , Krunks Malle , Mikli Valdek , Mere Arvo 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTCuInS2(CIS) films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) method in air using CuCl2, InCl3and SC(NH2)2as precursor materials. The effect of the absorber growth temperature in the interval of 240-350 °C and precursors’ molar ratio in the spray solution on the CIS film properties and ZnO/In2S3/CIS-type CSP-deposited thin film solar cell output characteristics has been studied. CIS films were characterized by XRD and EDX, solar cells were characterized by IV curves in dark and under illumination, and junction barrier height (Φb). The highest Φbof 1170 meV and open circuit voltage (Voc) of 560 mV were recorded for the cell with CIS absorber grown at 250 °C. Increasing the CIS deposition temperature decreases Φband Voc, makes a component of solar cell photosensitive and increases current density. The precursors’ molar ratio in spray solution becomes relevant at CIS growth temperatures higher than 300 °C as deposition of thiourea-rich solutions suppresses oxide formation in CIS layer and contributes to higher open circuit voltage.
Geomechanics Considerations in Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Teklu Tadesse Weldu , Alameri Waleed , Graves Ramona M. , Tutuncu Azra N. , Kazemi Hossein , Alsumaiti Ali M. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Geomechanics plays significant role in decisions regarding all phases of exploration and production of oil and gas. Specifically, geomechanics influences prospect appraisal, field development, and primary, secondary, and tertiary production activities. Injection of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) fluids such as polymer, steam and gas/CO2 affect reservoir stress redistribution and re-orientation in the field. Hence geomechanics studies need to be conducted in every step of the EOR processes, from EOR screening to abandonment.
This paper reviews geomechanical issues related to polymer, steam and hydrocarbon gas/CO2 continuous and water-alternating-gas flooding both in sandstone and carbonate formations. A number of published laboratory and field case studies will be presented and discussed in regard to geomechanics issues. The geomechanical effects pertinent to waterflooding and EOR processes in unconventional reservoirs such as shale reservoirs and oil sands will also be discussed. Finally, reservoir properties affected by stress changes and how to incorporate it in reservoir modeling will be discussed.
Soft tissue response after Class III bimaxillary surgery
Authors: Jakobsone Gundega , Stenvik Arild , Espeland Lisen 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To analyze the impact of surgical change in anterior face height and skeletal relapse on the long-term soft tissue profile.

Materials and Methods:
Cephalometric radiographs of 81 patients taken before surgery and at five time points during a 3-year follow-up period were analyzed. All patients had Le Fort I and bilateral sagittal split osteotomies. The patients were divided into three subgroups according to the change in anterior face height during surgery. Calculations of soft to hard tissue ratios were based on the long-term soft tissue response relative to the surgical repositioning.

Results:
The horizontal surgical repositioning varied considerably, depending on whether anterior face height was increased or decreased. For upper lip prominence, the pattern of long-term change was the same irrespective of change in face height. In all groups, upper lip thickness decreased in both the short term and the long term, particularly in patients with surgical increase in face height. Lower lip thickness increased in the short term but decreased during the follow-up period. There were significant associations between horizontal soft tissue and corresponding hard tissue changes, except for soft tissue A-point and upper lip, when face height was increased. The ratios were higher for mandibular variables than for maxillary variables, particularly for B-point and pogonion when anterior face height had decreased.

Conclusion:
A change in facial height influences the soft tissue response. The mandibular soft tissues closely follow skeletal relapse beyond 2 months postsurgery. The findings have clinical implications for the relative maxillary and mandibular repositioning when planning surgery.
Two-Year Interfacial Bond Durability and Nanoleakage of Repaired Silorane-Based Resin Composite
Authors: Mobarak E , El-Deeb H 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARY

Objectives
To investigate the effect of silane primer application, intermediate adhesive agent/repair composite, and storage period on the interfacial microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of repaired silorane-based resin composite compared with unrepaired composites and on the nanoleakage.

Methods
Forty-eight 1-month-old substrate specimens from Filtek P90 were roughened, etched, and distributed over two groups (n=24) based on receiving silane (Clearfil Ceramic Primer) or not. Then, half of the specimens (n=12) were repaired with P90 System Adhesive/Filtek P90 and the other half with Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose adhesive/Filtek Z250 resin composite. Within each repair category, repaired specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for either 24 hours (n=6) or two years before being serially sectioned into sticks (0.6 ± 0.01 mm2). From each specimen, two sticks were prepared for nanoleakage determination and four sticks were used for μTBS testing. Additional unrepaired specimens from each composite (n=12) were made to determine the cohesive strength at 24 hours and two years. Mean μTBS were calculated and statistically analyzed. Modes of failure were also determined.

Results
General linear model analysis revealed no significant effect for the silane priming, intermediate adhesive agent/repair composite, and storage period or for their interactions on the μTBS values of the repaired specimens. There was no significant difference between the cohesive strength of Filtek P90 and Filtek Z250; both were significantly higher than all repaired categories. At 24 hours, nanoleakage was not detected when silorane-based composite was repaired with the same material. However, after two years, all repair categories showed nanoleakage.

Conclusions
Silane application has no effect on μTBS and nanoleakage. Durability of the interfacial bond of repaired silorane-based resin composite appeared successful regardless of the chemistry of the intermediate adhesive agent/composite used for repair. However, nanoleakage was detected early when a different repair intermediate adhesive agent/composite was used.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for an important tropical tree, Aquilaria malaccensis (Thymelaeaceae)
Authors: Tnah Lee Hong , Lee Chai Ting , Lee Soon Leong , Ng Kevin Kit Siong , Ng Chin Hong , Nurul‐Farhanah Zakaria , Lau Kah Hoo , Chua Lillian Swee Lian 
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: Aggressive collections and trade activities in recent decades have resulted in heavy pressure on the natural stands of Aquilaria malaccensis and concerns over its long‐term survival potential. To aid DNA profiling and assessment of its genetic diversity, microsatellite markers were developed for the species.• Methods and Results: Seventeen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for A. malaccensis using an enrichment protocol. The markers were screened on 24 samples from a natural population. The number of alleles ranged from two to 11, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.042 to 0.957. No significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was detected after conservative Bonferroni correction.• Conclusions: This is the first report on the development of microsatellite markers in A. malaccensis. The markers will be used to establish a DNA profiling database and to estimate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the species.
Identifying multiple origins of polyploid taxa: A multilocus study of the hybrid cloak fern (Astrolepis integerrima; Pteridaceae)
Authors: Beck James B. , Allison James R. , Pryer Kathleen M. , Windham Michael D. 
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: Molecular studies have shown that multiple origins of polyploid taxa are the rule rather than the exception. To understand the distribution and ecology of polyploid species and the evolutionary significance of polyploidy in general, it is important to delineate these independently derived lineages as accurately as possible. Although gene flow among polyploid lineages and backcrossing to their diploid parents often confound this process, such post origin gene flow is very infrequent in asexual polyploids. In this study, we estimate the number of independent origins of the apomictic allopolyploid fern Astrolepis integerrima, a morphologically heterogeneous species most common in the southwestern United States and Mexico, with outlying populations in the southeastern United States and the Caribbean.• Methods: Plastid DNA sequence and AFLP data were obtained from 33 A. integerrima individuals. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data and multidimensional clustering of the AFLP data were used to identify independently derived lineages.• Key results: Analysis of the two datasets identified 10 genetic groups within the 33 analyzed samples. These groups suggest a minimum of 10 origins of A. integerrima in the northern portion of its range, with both putative parents functioning as maternal donors, both supplying unreduced gametes, and both contributing a significant portion of their genetic diversity to the hybrids.• Conclusions: Our results highlight the extreme cryptic genetic diversity and systematic complexity that can underlie a single polyploid taxon.
Microsatellite primers for an Amazonian lowland tropical tree, Protium subserratum (Burseraceae)
Authors: Misiewicz Tracy M. , Barbosa Carlos E. A. , Fine Paul V. A. 
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: The first microsatellite primers were developed for Protium subserratum, a widespread Amazonian tree, to investigate genetic differentiation between populations found on clay, brown‐sand, and white‐sand soils.• Methods and Results: Seventeen primer pairs were identified from two individuals of P. subserratum found on white‐sand and brown‐sand soil types. Polymorphism was analyzed in 63 individuals from a total of three populations, each found on a different soil type. The primers amplified tetra‐, tri‐, and dinucleotide repeats with three to 24 alleles per locus. Excluding monomorphic loci, observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0 to 0.852 and 0.036 to 0.901, respectively.• Conclusions: These new microsatellite markers will be useful in studies of genetic diversity, population differentiation, and gene flow across habitat types in P. subserratum.
A Clinical Trial of Intravenous Peramivir Compared with Oral Oseltamivir for the Treatment of Seasonal Influenza in Hospitalized Adults
Authors: Ison Michael G , Hui David S , Clezy Kate , O'Neil Brian J , Flynt Amy , Collis Philip J , Simon Thomas J , Alexander W James 
Published: October 2012

Background Seasonal interpandemic influenza causes >200,000 annual hospitalizations in the United States. Optimal antiviral treatment in hospitalized patients is not established. Methods During three interpandemic influenza seasons, 137 patients hospitalized with suspected acute influenza were randomized to 5-day treatment with intravenous peramivir 400 mg or 200 mg once daily or oral oseltamivir 75 mg twice daily. Time to clinical stability and quantitative changes in viral titres from nasopharyngeal specimens were primary and key secondary end points, respectively. Results Infection was confirmed in 122 patients with influenza A (H1N1), influenza A (H3N2) or influenza B. Median times (95% CI) to clinical stability were 37.0 h (22.0, 48.7) with peramivir 400 mg, 23.7 h (16.0, 38.9) with peramivir 200 mg and 28.1 h (22.0, 37.0) with oseltamivir ( P=0.306). Patients ( n=97) who were clinically unstable at enrolment had median times (95% CI) to clinical stability of 24.3 h (21.2, 47.5) with peramivir 400 mg, 31.0 h (17.2, 47.7) with peramivir 200 mg and 35.5 h (23.3, 37.9) with oseltamivir ( P=0.541). Titres of influenza A viruses in nasopharyngeal specimens decreased similarly across treatments, but more rapid decreases in titres of influenza B occurred with peramivir treatment. There were no deaths among patients with confirmed influenza and the incidence of adverse events was low and generally similar among treatment groups. Conclusions Treatment of acute seasonal influenza in hospitalized adults with either peramivir or oseltamivir resulted in generally similar clinical outcomes. Treatment with peramivir was generally safe and well tolerated and could be of benefit in this population.
Disparities in Prevalence of Key Chronic Diseases by Gender and Race/Ethnicity among Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-Infected Adults in the Us
Authors: Buchacz Kate , Baker Rose K , Palella Frank J , Shaw Lauren , Patel Pragna , Lichtenstein Kenneth A , Chmiel Joan S , Vellozzi Claudia , Debes Rachel , Henry Keith , Overton E Turner , Bush Timothy J , Tedaldi Ellen , Carpenter Charles , Mayer Kenneth H , Brooks John T ,   the HIV Outpatient Study Investigators
Published: October 2012

Background Certain sociodemographic subgroups of HIV-infected patients may experience more chronic disease than others due to behavioural risk factors, advanced HIV disease or complications from extended use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), but recent comparative data are limited. Methods We studied HIV-infected adult patients in care during 2006–2010 who had been prescribed ≥6 months of cART. We analysed the prevalence of selected key chronic conditions and polymorbidity (having 2 or more out of 10 key conditions) by gender and race/ethnicity. Results Of the 3,166 HIV-infected patients (median age 47 years, CD4+ T-cell count 496 cells/mm3, duration of cART use 6.8 years), 21% were female, 57% were non-Hispanic White and over half were current or former tobacco smokers. The five most frequent conditions among women (median age 45 years) were dyslipidaemia (67.3%), hypertension (57.4%), obesity (31.7%), viral hepatitis B or C coinfection (29.0%) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc; 27.3%). The five most frequent conditions in men (median age 47 years) were dyslipidaemia (81.2%), hypertension (54.4%), low HDLc (41.1%), elevated triglycerides (32.3%) and elevated non-HDLc (26.8%). In multivariable analyses, Hispanic patients had higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes than White patients; Black patients had higher prevalence of obesity and hypertension but lower rates of lipid abnormalities. Of all patients, 73.7% of women and 66.8% of men had polymorbidity, with no evidence of disparities by race/ethnicity. Conclusions Among contemporary cART-treated HIV-infected adults, chronic conditions and polymorbidity were common, underscoring the importance of chronic disease prevention and management among ageing HIV-infected patients.
Le client pilote, une façon d'améliorer le timing de lancement d'une activité
Authors: Ben Slimane Karim 
Published: October 2012

Résumé La question du timing de l’abord du marché par l’entrepreneur est cruciale. Entre attendre trop longtemps et se précipiter sans préparation, l’entrepreneur peut avoir recours à un moyen terme : le client pilote. Trois vertus du client pilote sont revues et analysées. Il s’agit de l’adaptation du business model, de l’amélioration de l’apprentissage et de l’accroissement de la légitimité de la nouvelle entreprise. Deux stratégies de recherche et d’identification du client pilote sont présentées. L’entrepreneur doit faire jouer ses relations proches et accepter de réduire sa marge.
Les réponses à la flexibilité
Authors: Le Goff Jacques , Padis Marc-Olivier 
Published: October 2012

Le travail salarié va-t-il évoluer vers toujours plus de flexibilité et de précarité ? Le droit du travail permet d’observer ces évolutions au long cours, tout en aidant à comprendre le lien entre garanties du salariat et solidarités collectives de notre système social.
Le téléphone mobile, terminal universel ?
Authors: Tronc Jean-Noël , Lempereur Nathalie , Padis Marc-Olivier 
Published: October 2012

Glissé au fond de notre poche ou porté comme un bijou, petit objet numérique au contact de notre corps, le téléphone sera-t-il demain le support de notre contact au réseau, grâce auquel nous organiserons notre travail, accéderons à l’information, organiserons nos loisirs et maintiendrons le lien avec nos proches ?
Les communautés en ligne : échanges de fichiers, partage d'expériences et participation visuelle
Authors: Gensollen Michel 
Published: October 2012

En quoi consistent les communautés qui se forment sur le web ? On peut en distinguer trois sortes : celles où l’on s’échange des fichiers « à la bonne franquette », celles où l’on partage une expérience pour mieux profiter d’un bien (par exemple les jeux vidéo), celles où l’on contribue à la cantonade sur un sujet d’intérêt commun. Dans chaque cas, la conception de l’économie de la culture et du marché des œuvres est bouleversée.
Dans l'espace du soupçon
Authors: Linhardt Dominique 
Published: October 2012

En quoi réside la faculté d’épouvante du terrorisme ? En opposant deux interprétations philosophiques – l’une qui met l’accent sur le retournement de l’environnement naturel en facteur de violence, l’autre insistant sur la destruction du monde social proche –, l’auteur nous introduit dans les difficultés de la description de l’acte terroriste.
Le destin de l'Asie, le choix de l'Amérique
Authors: Mahbubani Kishore 
Published: October 2012

Dans l’espace Asie-Pacifique, les États-Unis devraient développer une stratégie internationale bien opposée à celle de « la guerre contre le terrorisme ». Mais les États-Unis ne sont-ils pas déjà en train de perdre, vis-à-vis de l’Inde, de la Chine et de l’Indonésie, le crédit dont ils disposaient ?
Hec, la réussite insouciante
Authors: Jacques Antoine 
Published: October 2012

Considérée comme une des meilleures écoles de commerce en Europe, quelle est la formation proposée par Hec à ses étudiants ? L’injonction contradictoire de l’initiative fonctionne à plein : l’étudiant est appelé à faire valoir ses capacités d’initiative, tout en sachant montrer ses facultés d’adaptation à une école qui fait mine de s’adapter aux personnalités originales qu’elle se propose de former...
Éduquer et punir
Authors: Youf Dominique 
Published: October 2012

Alors que toutes les dispositions de la dernière réforme en date (2002) ne sont pas encore mises en œuvre, une nouvelle loi est en discussion pour modifier le droit pénal relatif aux mineurs. L’équilibre qui caractérisait le droit français dans ce domaine pourra-t-il être maintenu ? Les orientations actuelles en font douter. Mais l’inspiration initiale de la justice des mineurs a-t-elle des principes à opposer à l’érosion progressive de l’ambition éducative et de la protection de l’enfance ?
Une division occidentale au sein du christianisme ?
Authors: Abel Olivier 
Published: October 2012

Le discours de Ratisbonne est une affaire intra-occidentale : Benoît XVI s’y prononce en effet bien plus sur l’Occident que sur l’Islam, qui cache ici la Réforme. En réaffirmant la continuité entre le logos grec et le christianisme romain, il reproche au mouvement de la Réforme d’avoir rompu l’analogie de Dieu avec la raison, et d’avoir affirmé une transcendance trop radicale, une volonté de Dieu trop capricieuse. Dès lors, c’est surtout le protestantisme, avec son double spectre des utopies sectaires et de l’individualisme consommateur, qui est visé.
Quel dialogue islamo-chrétien dans le contexte de l'élargissement de l'Europe à la Turquie ?
Authors: Legrand Hervé 
Published: October 2012

Le voyage du pape en Turquie dissipera-t-il les malentendus de son discours de Ratisbonne et le soupçon selon lequel le catholicisme constituerait une force d’opposition ouverte à l’adhésion de la Turquie à l’Europe ? Pour dépasser les querelles de l’actualité, il faut rappeler où en est le dialogue islamo-chrétien et ce que les théologiens nous permettent d’en attendre.
Voyage en Algérie, pays des 66 milliards de dollars de réserve et de l'immense désespoir des jeunes
Authors: Benrabah Mohamed 
Published: October 2012

Absent de son pays pendant dix ans, l’auteur est frappé, après deux séjours récents, par l’accumulation des espoirs déçus : politique opaque et sclérosée, école sinistrée, jeunesse dés œuvrée. Pendant ce temps, la manne pétrolière afflue mais le sort de la population n’en est en rien changé.