bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Ermittlung der charakteristischen Betondruckfestigkeit von Bauwerken im Bestand
Authors: Knab Franz , Sodeikat Christian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDie Ermittlung der charakteristischen Betondruckfestigkeit ist eine häufige Aufgabenstellung bei Baumaßnahmen im Bestand und bei Schadensanalysen. Hierfür stehen verschiedene Ansätze zur Verfügung. Der übliche Ansatz nach der gültigen DIN EN 13791 ist für Bestandsbauwerke nicht unumstritten, da er auf der unsicheren Seite liegende Ergebnisse liefern kann [1, 2]. Alternativen bieten DIN EN 1990 und die klassische Statistik. Zur Überprüfung, welcher Ansatz unter welchen Randbedingungen die ingenieurtechnisch und wirtschaftlich sinnvollsten Ergebnisse liefert, wurde in Hause der Autoren eine Simulationsrechnung für Bewertungen nach DIN EN 13791, DIN EN 1990 und mittels einer klassischen statistischen Schätzung des 5%‐Quantils mit 75 % Konfidenzniveau durchgeführt. Ergebnis war, dass DIN EN 13791 erwartungsgemäß erhebliche Schwächen für Bestandsbauwerke zeigt, aber auch, dass alle statistischen Ansätze fehleranfällig sind und den Ingenieurverstand und Erfahrung nicht ersetzen können.Als Hilfestellung für den beurteilenden Ingenieur wird ein sinnvolles Vorgehen bei der Beurteilung der Betondruckfestigkeit vorgeschlagen, das sowohl die Ergebnisse der Simulationsrechnungen berücksichtigt als auch Tipps aus der langjährigen Erfahrung der Verfasser zur Vermeidung typischer Fehler enthält.Assessment of the in‐situ concrete compressive strength in existing structures – First‐hand hints from expert engineers:The assessment of the in‐situ concrete compressive strength is a common task during projects concerning existing structures and during damage analysis. The standard approach given in DIN EN 13791 is quite disputed, since it might give unsafe results for existing structures [1, 2]. Alternatives are provided by DIN EN 1990 and classical statistics. To find out which approach gives the best results by means of safety and economic efficiency, engineers from our team conducted numeric simulations for different circumstances and evaluated the results according to DIN EN 13791, DIN EN 1990 and by classical statistic methods for the estimation of the 5 %‐fractile with a confidence level of 75 %. Result was on the one hand, that the approach given in DIN EN 13791 has, as expected, considerable weaknesses, but beyond, that each of the approaches may be susceptible to errors. Hence they are generally not suitable for replacing the wits and the experience of an engineer.As a support for the engineer at work a reasonable procedure for the estimation of the in‐situ concrete compressive strength is suggested, taking into account the results of the numeric simulation and containing hints from the longstanding experience of the authors to avoid typical mistakes.
Monitoringbasierter Nachweis der Spannstahlermüdung an den Koppelfugen der Köhlbrandbrücke
Authors: Weiher Hermann , Runtemund Katrin , Ullerich Christof 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMithilfe einer mehrmonatigen zerstörungsfreien Monitoringmaßnahme an zwei Rampenbauwerken der Köhlbrandbrücke, Hamburg, wurde die Ermüdungsbruchgefahr des Spannstahls an den Spannstahlkopplungen infolge Verkehr‐ und Temperaturbelastung bauwerksbezogen beurteilt und bewertet.Hierzu wurden im Zeitraum August 2013 bis August 2014 dynamische Rissbreitenmessungen am Überbauquerschnitt im Bereich der Koppelfugen sowie Temperaturmessungen zur Bestimmung der Temperaturverteilung über den Querschnitt durchgeführt.Ziel des Monitorings war es, den tatsächlichen Bauwerkszustand orts‐ und objektspezifisch zu erfassen. Im theoretischen Nachweiskonzept konservativ anzunehmende Parameter (z. B. örtliche Spannkraftverluste, Temperaturgradient) können so durch realistische Ansätze präzisiert werden.Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden das entwickelte Monitoringkonzept, die Messergebnisse und deren Implementierung in den rechnerischen Nachweis vorgestellt.Monitoring based proof of fatigue resistance of prestressing steel at coupling joints of the KöhlbrandbrückeWith the help of a non‐destructive monitoring of two structures of the eastern ramp of the Köhlbrandbrücke, Hamburg, the danger of fatigue fracture of prestressing steel of coupling joints due to traffic and temperature loading has been assessed and evaluated.To this aim, dynamic measurements of the crack movements and of the temperature distribution over the cross section were carried out in the period August 2013 to August 2014.The aim of the monitoring was to detect the actual state of the structure and to specify in the theoretical verification concept conservatively assumed parameters (e.g. local stress losses, temperature gradient) by site and object specific approaches.Within the framework of this paper the developed monitoring concept, the measurement results and their implementation in the theoretic verification are introduced and discussed.
Retracted: Detection of volatile organic compounds released by wood furniture based on a cataluminescence test system
Authors: Miao Yanfeng , Deng Fangming , Chen Yulong , Guan Huiyuan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWood furniture is an important source of indoor air pollution. To date, the detection of harmful substances in wood furniture has relied on the control of a single formaldehyde component, therefore the detection and evaluation of pollutants released by wood furniture are necessary. A novel method based on a cataluminescence (CTL) sensor system generated on the surface of nano‐3TiO2–2BiVO4 was proposed for the simultaneous detection of pollutants released by wood furniture. Formaldehyde and benzene were selected as a model to investigate the CTL‐sensing properties of the sensor system. Field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the as‐prepared samples. The results showed that the as‐prepared test system exhibited outstanding CTL properties such as stable intensity, a high signal‐to‐noise ratio, and short response and recovery times. In addition, the limit of detection for formaldehyde and benzene was below the standard permitted concentrations. Moreover, the sensor system showed outstanding selectivity for formaldehyde and benzene compared with eight other common volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The performance of the sensor system will enable furniture VOC limit emissions standards to be promulgated as soon as possible. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Should I plan? Planning effects on perceived effort and motivation in goal pursuit
Authors: Bayuk Julia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis research investigates how forming a plan can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on people's motivation to pursue a goal. We propose that forming a plan makes the necessary steps to pursue a goal salient, directing attention to the effort involved in executing these steps, which ultimately affects perceptions of required effort and motivation. We theorize that the impact of forming plans on motivation in goal pursuit depends on the level of difficulty to achieve a goal. When a goal is relatively easy to achieve, planning should make goal pursuit seem less effortful, thereby decreasing motivation to pursue the goal. When a goal is more difficult to achieve, planning should make goal pursuit seem more effortful, which ironically should increase motivation to pursue it. Three studies demonstrate how plans influence motivation in the domains of losing weight and saving money. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strong Metal–Support Interactions for Palladium Supported on TiO2 Catalysts in the Heterogeneous Hydrogenation with Parahydrogen
Authors: Kovtunov Kirill V. , Barskiy Danila A. , Salnikov Oleg G. , Burueva Dudari B. , Khudorozhkov Alexander K. , Bukhtiyarov Andrey V. , Prosvirin Igor P. , Gerasimov Evgeny Y. , Bukhtiyarov Valerii I. , Koptyug Igor V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractParahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) was successfully utilized to demonstrate the strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) effect for palladium supported on titania catalysts. Heterogeneous hydrogenation of 1,3‐butadiene over Pd/TiO2 catalysts led to the formation of 1‐ and 2‐butenes and butane, and hyperpolarized products were obtained if parahydrogen was used in the reaction. However, if the catalysts were reduced in H2 flow at 500 °C before the hydrogenation reaction, the observed polarization levels were significantly lower or even zero, which was indicative of the suppression of the pairwise addition of hydrogen route. This observation indicated the possibility to detect the SMSI effect by the PHIP technique. Moreover, by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy it was shown that Pd is partially present as Pdδ+ after reduction under a hydrogen atmosphere at 500 °C. These results were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, which revealed the formation of Pdδ+ and the dissolution of Pd in the titania lattice.
Modeling of High‐Concentration Ethanol Production by Mucor hiemalis
Authors: Radmanesh Farzaneh , Mirmohamadsadeghi Safoora , Karimi Keikhosro , Zamani Akram 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInhibitory effects of high glucose and ethanol concentrations on ethanol production from wheat enzymatic hydrolysate by the zygomycetes fungus Mucor hiemalis were investigated and modeled. The ethanol yield was reduced by increasing the glucose concentration. Among different kinetic models, i.e., linear, Emerson, and modified Williams models, the latter successfully described the fungal growth kinetics. Considering the inhibitory effect of glucose, a model was developed for expressing the rate of ethanol production. In addition, the inhibitory effect of ethanol on ethanol yield was modeled. The model prediction satisfactorily covered the experimental data.
Self‐Assembled Boronic Ester Cavitand Capsules with Various Bis(catechol) Linkers: Cavity‐Expanded and Chiral Capsules
Authors: Tamaki Kento , Ishigami Asumi , Tanaka Yasutaka , Yamanaka Masamichi , Kobayashi Kenji 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTwo molecules of cavitand tetraboronic acid and four molecules of various bis(catechol) linkers self‐assemble into capsules through the formation of eight dynamic boronic ester bonds. Each capsule has a different cavity size depending on the linker used, and shows particular guest encapsulation selectivity. A chiral capsule made up of the cavitand and a chiral bis(catechol) linker was also constructed. This capsule induces supramolecular chirality with respect to a prochiral biphenyl guest by diastereomeric encapsulation through the asymmetric suppression of rotation around the axis of the prochiral biphenyl moiety.
Light‐Induced CH Arylation of (Hetero)arenes by In Situ Generated Diazo Anhydrides
Authors: Cantillo David , Mateos Carlos , Rincon Juan A. , de Frutos Oscar , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDiazo anhydrides (ArNNONNAr) have been known since 1896 but have rarely been used in synthesis. This communication describes the development of a photochemical catalyst‐free CH arylation methodology for the preparation of bi(hetero)aryls by the one‐pot reaction of anilines with tert‐butyl nitrite and (hetero)arenes under neutral conditions. The key step in this procedure is the in situ formation and subsequent photochemical (>300 nm) homolytic cleavage of a transient diazo anhydride intermediate. The generated aryl radical then efficiently reacts with a (hetero)arene to form the desired bi(hetero)aryls producing only nitrogen, water, and tert‐butanol as byproducts. The scope of the reaction for several substituted anilines and (hetero)arenes was investigated. A continuous‐flow protocol increasing selectivity and safety has been developed enabling the experimentally straightforward preparation of a variety of substituted bi(hetero)aryls within 45 min of reaction time.
Development of HPLC Chiral Stationary Phases Based on (+)‐(18‐Crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic Acid and Their Applications
Authors: Hyun Myung Ho 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCrown ether‐based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) have been known to be useful for the resolution of racemic primary amino compounds. In particular, CSPs based on (+)‐(18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid have been reported to be useful for the resolution of secondary amino compounds as well as primary amino compounds. In this article, the process of developing various CSPs based on (+)‐(18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid to improve the chiral recognition efficiency and/or the stability of the CSPs and their applications to the resolution of various primary and nonprimary amino compounds are reviewed. Chirality 27:576–588, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single vs Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Turgeon Ricky D. , Barry Arden R. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThere is wide variability in prescribing of antiplatelet regimens following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The objective of this review was to evaluate published and unpublished reports regarding the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) compared with a single antiplatelet agent in patients undergoing TAVI. We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, and unpublished sources of literature from inception to December 2014 using terms synonymous with TAVI and DAPT. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort or case‐control studies that compared DAPT with a single antiplatelet agent post‐TAVI. Four articles met the inclusion criteria (2 RCTs, 2 cohort studies), of which all were deemed to be at high risk of bias, for a total of 662 patients. Compared with a single antiplatelet agent, DAPT did not significantly reduce all‐cause mortality (risk ratio: 1.22, 95% confidence interval: 0.72‐2.09, I2 = 0%). Due to selective outcome reporting and variable follow‐up, other outcomes of interest could not be meta‐analyzed; however, evaluation of individual studies demonstrated no significant reduction in thrombotic events with DAPT and a similar or higher risk of bleeding. Current evidence, though limited by low methodological quality, suggests a lack of benefit and potential harm with DAPT compared with a single antiplatelet agent in patients post‐TAVI. Therefore, clinicians should evaluate the use of DAPT in patients post‐TAVI on a case‐by‐case basis until more robust evidence is available to guide practice.
Fezf2 expression in layer 5 projection neurons of mature mouse motor cortex
Authors: Tantirigama Malinda L.S. , Oswald Manfred J. , Clare Alison J. , Wicky Hollie E. , Day Robert C. , Hughes Stephanie M. , Empson Ruth M. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe mature cerebral cortex contains a wide diversity of neuron phenotypes. This diversity is specified during development by neuron‐specific expression of key transcription factors, some of which are retained for the life of the animal. One of these key developmental transcription factors that is also retained in the adult is Fezf2, but the neuron types expressing it in the mature cortex are unknown. With a validated Fezf2‐Gfp reporter mouse, whole‐cell electrophysiology with morphology reconstruction, cluster analysis, in vivo retrograde labeling, and immunohistochemistry, we identify a heterogeneous population of Fezf2+ neurons in both layer 5A and layer 5B of the mature motor cortex. Functional electrophysiology identified two distinct subtypes of Fezf2+ neurons that resembled pyramidal tract projection neurons (PT‐PNs) and intratelencephalic projection neurons (IT‐PNs). Retrograde labeling confirmed the former type to include corticospinal projection neurons (CSpPNs) and corticothalamic projection neurons (CThPNs), whereas the latter type included crossed corticostriatal projection neurons (cCStrPNs) and crossed‐corticocortical projection neurons (cCCPNs). The two Fezf2+ subtypes expressed either CTIP2 or SATB2 to distinguish their physiological identity and confirmed that specific expression combinations of key transcription factors persist in the mature motor cortex. Our findings indicate a wider role for Fezf2 within gene expression networks that underpin the diversity of layer 5 cortical projection neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:829–845, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drug–Polymer Interactions in Hydrogel‐based Drug‐Delivery Systems: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Rossi Filippo , Castiglione Franca , Ferro Monica , Marchini Paolo , Mauri Emanuele , Moioli Marta , Mele Andrea , Masi Maurizio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn drug‐delivery systems, drug transport is a key step, but the interpretation of the transport mechanism is still controversial. Here, we investigated a promising hydrogel library loaded with the anticonvulsant drug ethosuximide (ESM). The self‐diffusion coefficient of ESM was measured using two methods: a direct and advanced measurement with a pulsed field gradient spin‐echo (PFGSE) method, using an NMR spectrometer equipped with high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) probe, and an indirect one based on fitting in vitro drug‐delivery data. Starting from the experimental data a mathematical model without fitted parameters was developed and all the phenomena involved, that is, adsorption and diffusion, were considered. At low drug concentrations, adsorption prevails and consequently the diffusivity in the gels is lower than that in water. At high drug concentrations, where all adsorption sites are saturated, the diffusion in the gels is similar to that in a water solution. This study may pave the way for better device design.
Carbazole Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Studied from Femtoseconds to Seconds—Effect of Additives in Cobalt‐ and Iodide‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Sobuś Jan , Kubicki Jacek , Burdziński Gotard , Ziółek Marcin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractComprehensive studies of all charge‐separation processes in efficient carbazole dye‐sensitized solar cells are correlated with their photovoltaic parameters. An important role of partial, fast electron recombination from the semiconductor nanoparticles to the oxidized dye is revealed; this takes place on the picosecond and sub‐nanosecond timescales. The charge‐transfer dynamics in cobalt tris(bipyridyl) based electrolytes and iodide‐based electrolyte is observed to depend on potential‐determining additives in a similar way. Upon addition of 0.5 M 4‐tert‐butylpiridine to both types of electrolytes, the stability of the cells is greatly improved; the cell photovoltage increases by 150–200 mV, the electron injection rate decreases about five times (from 5 to 1 ps−1), and fast recombination slows down about two to three times. Dye regeneration proceeds at a rate of about 1 μs−1 in all electrolytes. Electron recombination from titania to cobalt electrolytes is much faster than that to iodide ones.
The design and implementation of a multi‐wing chaotic attractor based on a five‐term three‐dimension system
Authors: Wang Zhonglin , Tang Hang , Chen Zengqiang 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe last two decades have seen great progress about the generation and circuit realization of multi‐wing chaotic attractor. In this paper, several multi‐scroll chaotic attractors are generated from a five‐term system by adding a piecewise linear function. Moreover, some basic properties in terms of symmetry and dissipation, equilibrium points, eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrices, Lyapunov exponent spectrum, bifurcation diagram, and Poincaré map are studied. In particular, an analog circuit is designed to implement the proposed multi‐scroll attractors, which are different from the traditional attractors. Furthermore, an integrated circuit diagram is designed to realize the fractional‐order multi‐scroll attractors. Finally, the performed experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis, and our work lends itself to many potential applications in engineering. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor deletion in cerebellar granule neuron precursors impairs neurogenesis
Authors: Dever Daniel P. , Adham Zachariah O. , Thompson Bryan , Genestine Matthieu , Cherry Jonathan , Olschowka John A. , DiCicco‐Bloom Emanuel , Opanashuk Lisa A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand‐activated member of the basic‐helix‐loop‐helix/PER‐ARNT‐SIM(PAS) transcription factor superfamily that also mediates the toxicity of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD). Increasing evidence suggests that AhR influences the development of many tissues, including the central nervous system. Our previous studies suggest that sustained AhR activation by TCDD and/or AhR deletion disrupts cerebellar granule neuron precursor (GNP) development. In the current study, to determine whether endogenous AhR controls GNP development in a cell‐autonomous manner, we created a GNP‐specific AhR deletion mouse, AhRfx/fx/Math1CRE/+ (AhR CKO). Selective AhR deletion in GNPs produced abnormalities in proliferation and differentiation. Specifically, fewer GNPs were engaged in S‐phase, as demonstrated by ∼25% reductions in thymidine (in vitro) and Bromodeoxyuridine (in vivo) incorporation. Furthermore, total granule neuron numbers in the internal granule layer at PND21 and PND60 were diminished in AhR conditional knockout (CKO) mice compared with controls. Conversely, differentiation was enhanced, including ∼40% increase in neurite outgrowth and 50% increase in GABARα6 receptor expression in deletion mutants. Our results suggest that AhR activity plays a role in regulating granule neuron number and differentiation, possibly by coordinating this GNP developmental transition. These studies provide novel insights for understanding the normal roles of AhR signaling during cerebellar granule cell neurogenesis and may have important implications for the effects of environmental factors in cerebellar dysgenesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 533–550, 2016
Photoluminescence Modulation in Lan­thanide(III)/Pyrazine‐2,5‐dicarboxylato/Nitrato Frameworks
Authors: Cepeda Javier , Pérez‐Yáñez Sonia , Beobide Garikoitz , Castillo Oscar , García Jose Ángel , Luque Antonio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe solvent‐free melt reactions between lanthanide(III) nitrates and pyrazine‐2,5‐dicarboxylic acid (H2pzdc) gave rise to four families of 3D compounds that differ from those accessible from conventional solvothermal synthesis, namely, {[Ln(μ4‐pzdc)(NO3)(H2O)2]·2.33H2O}n (1‐Ln; Ln = La, Ce), {[Ln9(μ4‐pzdc)9(NO3)2(H2O)25](NO3)7·8H2O}n (2‐Ln; Ln = Pr, Nd), {[Ln6(μ4‐pzdc)5(μ3‐pzdc)2(μ‐pzdc)(H2O)10](NO3)2·2H2O}n (3‐Ln; Ln = Nd, Sm), and [Ln(μ4‐pzdc)(NO3)(H2O)]n (4‐Ln; Ln = Eu, Gd, Tb). This synthetic approach promotes the incorporation of nitrate anions into the final crystal structure as terminal ligands or counterions, which replace water molecules in the coordination sphere and enhance the photoluminescence properties of these compounds. The neodymium, samarium, europium, and terbium compounds exhibit their characteristic emissions in the infrared and visible regions. The pzdc ligand shows the highest sensitization towards TbIII ions, and the photoluminescence intensity can be modulated by immersing the sample into different solvents and also by dehydrating it. Compounds 3‐Ln have a topology named as jcr5, which has not been reported previously.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Reactions of Glycolates as a Tool for the Synthesis of Functionalized α‐Hydroxy Esters
Authors: Kiefer Alexander , Gawas Dnyaneshwar , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDeprotonated tert‐butyl glycolates were found to be suitable nucleophiles for Pd‐catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions to generate γ,δ‐unsaturated α‐hydroxy acid derivatives. This protocol is suitable for the introduction of different side chains and includes stannylated ones. These can be subjected to further cross‐coupling reactions, which gives access to a wide range of structural motifs.