bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic Ether‐Based Electrolyte with a Weak Solvation Structure for Advanced Potassium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Danni , Wang Zhijie , Zhai Dengyun , Zhang Biao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPotassium metal batteries (PMBs) are promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage. Conventional carbonate electrolytes exhibit unsatisfactory thermodynamic stability against potassium (K) metal anode. Linear ether is widely adopted because of its compatibility with K metal, but the poor oxidation stability restricts the application with high‐voltage cathodes. Herein, a weakly solvating cyclic ether is proposed as a solvent to stabilize the K‐electrolyte interface and build a robust solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI). This weakly solvating electrolyte (WSE) possesses an anion‐dominated solvation structure, which facilitates the anion decomposition for constructing an inorganic‐rich SEI. The superior mechanical properties of the SEI, as examined by atomic force microscopy, prevent the SEI from fracture. Consequently, this WSE achieves highly reversible plating/stripping behavior of K metal for 1300 h with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.20%. Stable full cells are also demonstrated with a high‐voltage cathode at harsh conditions. This work complements the design of WSEs for advanced PMBs by cyclic ether solvents.
Coupled Ni─Co Dual‐Atom Catalyst for Guiding Sulfur and Lithium Evolutions in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lin Hong , Guo Zhiliang , Zhang Qingchun , Yang Qin , Wang Meng , Chen Yuanyuan , Shen Shiying , Wei Xijun , Song Lixian , Song Yingze , Pan Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe kinetically retarded sulfur evolution reactions and notorious lithium dendrites as the major obstacles hamper the practical implementation of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Dual metal atom catalysts as a new model are expected to show higher activity by their rational coupling. Herein, the dual‐atom catalyst with coupled Ni─Co atom pairs (Ni/Co‐DAC) is designed successfully by programmed approaches. The Ni─Co atom pairs alter the local electron structure and optimize the coordination configuration of Ni/Co‐DAC, leading to the coupling effect for promoting the interconversion of sulfur and guiding lithium plating/striping. The LSB delivers a remarkable capacity of 818 mA h g−1 at 3.0 C and a low degeneration rate of 0.053% per cycle over 500 cycles. Moreover, the LSB with a high sulfur mass loading of 6.1 mg cm−2 and lean electrolyte dosage of 6.0 µL mgS−1 shows a remarkable areal capacity of 5.7 mA h cm−2.
Liquid Metal‐Modified 3D Cu Foam for Dendrite‐Free Sodium Plating
Authors: Wu Yinghong , Zhu Junbing , Ni Jiangfeng , Li Liang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSodium metal is regarded as one of the most promising anode materials due to its high theoretical capacity (1166 mAh g−1) and low redox potential (−2.714 V vs standard hydrogen electrode). However, the practical application of sodium metal is hindered by the formation of dendrites during Na stripping and plating, which can degrade performance and cause potential safety hazards. To address this issue, previous work focuses on leveraging either 3D current collectors or liquid metal modification on current collectors. In this work, both strategies are simultaneously leveraged to design a 3D Cu foam with liquid metal modification (LM@Cu) for dendrite‐free sodium plating. The 3D configuration of Cu effectively reduces local current density and evenly distributes electric fields, while the introduction of liquid metal enhances the sodiophilicity of Cu to lower the nucleation barrier for sodium, thereby promoting its uniform plating. As a result, symmetric cells of Na with LM@Cu maintain stable cycling for over 2800 h. Additionally, full cells comprising Na‐LM@Cu and Na3V2(PO4)3 sustain 97.5% of the capacity upon 1000 cycles, underscoring the great potentiality of liquid metal‐mediated 3D current collectors in energy storage.
Full‐Dimensional Analysis of Gaseous Products to Unlocking In Depth Thermal Runaway Mechanism of Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Haitang , Xue Jiyuan , Qin Yaru , Chen Jianken , Wang Junhao , Yu Xiaoyu , Zhang Baodan , Zou Yeguo , Hong Yu‐hao , Li Zhengang , Qiao Yu , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, state‐of‐the‐art on‐line pyrolysis MS (OP‐MS) equipped with temperature‐controlled cold trap and on‐line pyrolysis GC/MS (OP‐GC/MS) injected through high‐vacuum negative‐pressure gas sampling (HVNPGS) programming are originally designed/constructed to identify/quantify the dynamic change of common permanent gases and micromolecule organics from the anode/cathode–electrolyte reactions during thermal runaway (TR) process, and corresponding TR mechanisms are further perfected/complemented. On LiCx anode side, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) would undergo continuous decomposition and regeneration, and the R‐H+ (e.g., HF, ROH, etc.) species derived from electrolyte decomposition would continue to react with Li/LiCx to generate H2. Up to above 200 °C, the O2 would release from the charged NCM cathode and organic radicals would be consumed/oxidized by evolved O2 to form COx, H2O, and more corrosive HF. On the contrary, charged LFP cathode does not present obvious O2 evolution during heating process and the unreacted flammable/toxic organic species would exit in the form of high temperature/high‐pressure (HT/HP) vapors within batteries, indicating higher potential safety risks. Additionally, the in depth understanding of the TR mechanism outlined above provides a clear direction for the design/modification of thermostable electrodes and non‐flammable electrolytes for safer batteries.
Foreign aid and corruption: Unveiling the obstacles to effective development
Authors: Bethencourt Carlos , Perera‐Tallo Fernando 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEmpirical evidence suggests that foreign aid may be ineffective and have a corruption‐promoting effect. This article presents a growth model in which foreign aid can enhance the government's ability to acquire productive public goods. However, foreign aid incentivizes corrupt firms to engage in bribery and divert public resources, reducing the provision of public goods and hindering productivity and growth. This corruption‐promoting effect renders foreign aid counterproductive when it surpasses a certain threshold, particularly in the presence of weak institutions. The article proposes anti‐corruption policies to enhance the effectiveness of foreign aid, stressing the importance of conditionality in foreign aid and coordination among donor countries in giving the right incentives to the recipient country's governments.
Push‐out tests of demountable shear connectors for sustainable composite structures
Authors: Király Krisztián , Dunai László , Calado Luis , Balázs Kocsis András 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe demountable shear connector is the most important component of sustainable composite structures, as it allows the elements to be reused. The ongoing research and development project – in the cooperation of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics and KÉSZ Group, bim.GROUP Ltd., Hungary – aims to design a new demountable steel‐concrete composite structural system. In the current research, bolted shear connectors with embedded bolts and threaded rods, which can fit the applied technology of the industrial partner, are being developed and studied. One of the main aspects of this connection is to consider the bolt hole clearance – to decrease initial slip and stiffness reduction – and also to provide the proper strength and ductility features. A push‐out experimental programme was designed and completed to study the behaviour of the developed shear connections. It is observed that the examined shear connectors have proper structural behaviour with adequate resistance and ductility, which is applicable according to the Eurocode 4 standard and fits the objectives of the current research project. This paper presents the developed structural details, the observations and the evaluation of the push‐out experimental results with the conclusions and statements.
Social and environmental risk factors for canine leptospirosis: A scoping review
Authors: Vyn Carys M. , Libera Kellie C. , Weese J. Scott , Jardine Claire M. , Berke Olaf , Grant Lauren E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCanine leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance. The identification of social and environmental risk factors remains limited and is needed for planning interventions. Our objectives were to summarise the global trends in social and environmental risk factors for canine leptospirosis and to identify knowledge gaps.MethodsWe searched peer‐reviewed and grey literature for observational studies on canine leptospirosis written in English. Variables assessed via formal statistical tests were recorded and categorised into thematic risk factor groups. The risk factors were summarised by the number of unique studies and their direction of association.ResultsOf the 3184 articles identified, 66 met the inclusion criteria. Eight environmental and three social risk factor groups were identified. Exposure to animals and water was commonly studied, but social risk factors were infrequently examined. Most studies were conducted on populations in higher‐income countries and countries in the Americas.LimitationsSeveral limitations were encountered, including inconsistent study designs and measurement and control of variables as well as disproportionate representation of studies from the Americas and higher‐income countries.ConclusionThe weight and quality of evidence for social and environmental risk factors were highly variable. Additional research following standard reporting guidelines to improve transparency and increase generalisability to different contexts is needed.
Synthesis and characterization of a designed poly(ionic liquid‐modified graphene oxide) nanocomposite: Evaluation of nitrate removal from water and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Amininasab S. Mojtaba , Nasseri Mona , Soleimani Bita , Hassanzadeh Marjan , Shami Zahed 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAddressing the global challenge of water contamination, this study introduces a novel nanocomposite adsorbent—poly(ionic liquid‐modified graphene oxide) (PIL‐MGO)—designed to remove nitrates efficiently from water and combat microbial threats. Leveraging modified graphene oxide and vinyl imidazolium‐based ionic liquid, this research synthesizes an adsorbent via a facile and cost‐effective approach. The performance of PIL‐MGO was rigorously analyzed through a series of characterizations, including Frontier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emitting scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, revealing its robust structural composition and thermal stability. In our experimental exploration, the adsorbent showcased a remarkable nitrate removal efficiency of up to 97.53%, under optimal conditions of an initial pH of 5, room temperature, initial nitrate concentration of 30 mg/L, a contact time of 30 min, and an adsorbent dosage of 40 mg, with a significant selectivity for nitrate ions over competing anions. Moreover, regeneration of the adsorbent up to 7 cycles indicated only a marginal decline in adsorption efficiency. Furthermore, PIL‐MGO demonstrated considerable antimicrobial properties against bacteria and fungi, indicating its dual utility in water purification and microbial inhibition. These findings suggest that the synthesized nanocomposite holds great promise for addressing environmental and health‐related challenges posed by water pollutants. This study not only underscores the capabilities of PIL‐MGO but also paves the way for further advancements in adsorbent technologies.Highlights
A novel nanocomposite was synthesized based on vinyl imidazolium ionic liquid and modified graphene oxide.
This newly developed nanocomposite was evaluated as an adsorbent for the removal of nitrate ions from water, demonstrating high removal efficiency.
The adsorbent exhibited notable selectivity for nitrate ions, effectively distinguishing them from competing anions such as chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate.
The adsorption kinetics of the nanocomposite were best described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, and the adsorption isotherm aligned well with the Langmuir model.
Investigation of the nanocomposite antimicrobial activity displayed considerable inhibitory effects against both bacteria and fungi.
Autologous blood urethral patching: A novel treatment option for persistent urethral leakage in a dog
Authors: McCord Morgan A. , Hinson Whitney D. , Mankin Kelley Thieman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA 6‐year‐old miniature schnauzer was referred for urolithiasis and perineal swelling, suspicious of urethral trauma. On positive‐contrast cystourethrogram, the dog was diagnosed with rupture of the penile urethra. Temporary urinary diversion was attempted with no improvement. Primary urethral anastomosis was performed, but urine leakage resumed after surgery and led to wound formation in the perineum. Additional surgery was recommended to repair the urethra, but financial constraints prevented further surgery and hospitalisation. The decision was made to attempt an autologous blood urethral patch, mimicking the methodology of autologous blood pleurodesis for persistent pneumothorax. Autologous blood was instilled into the urethra at the site of the urethral tear. Five days after the procedure was performed, positive‐contrast cystourethrogram identified no contrast material outside the boundaries of the urethra. In this dog, performing autologous blood urethral patch resulted in a safe and non‐invasive treatment option for persistent urethral leakage following failure of traditional management.
Immature Offshore Wind Technology: UK Life Cycle Capacity Factor Analysis
Authors: Lorentzen Sindre , Osmundsen Petter , Lu Li 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBy multivariate econometric analysis of UK offshore wind farms, we demonstrate a life cycle effect of the capacity factor of offshore wind. From the bathtub curve findings in reliability engineering, we would expect a long, flat segment of stable operation in the middle of the life cycle production schedule. Our general findings deviate from the standard curve as it does not have a long segment where production is stable. Production starts falling too early. Lack of stable operation period is harmful to wind farm economics. It indicates immature technology and a potential for improvement. We examine the effect life cycle production schedules have on project economics and compare with a common assumption of a flat production schedule. We find that project profitability (net present value) is very sensitive to the life cycle profile of production.
Aliovalent Doping of Niobium and Tantalum Pentoxide as Potential Alternative Support Material for Fuel Cell Catalysts
Authors: Giehr Andreas , Stöwe Klaus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs the usually used Carbon Blacks (CB) as support materials in fuel cell catalysts are thermodynamically unstable, alternative supports with high chemical stability and electrical conductivity are to be found. After the investigation of Nb and Ta‐doped SnO2 in an earlier publication, which revealed interesting conductivity properties, we expanded our portfolio of mutual doping of elements of stable oxides into the oxides of the others by reporting here on the Sn, Hf and W‐doping as guests into the base oxides Nb2O5 and Ta2O5. The changes in unit cell parameters as indicators for the doping success were investigated in the doping range of x=0–10 mol % guest fraction. From a complete solubility of the guest ions in case of Hf and W‐doping in the base oxides to a limited solubility in case of Sn‐doping, a whole spectrum of different results was obtained. Additional insight came from UV/vis spectroscopic investigations in diffuse reflectance as well as electrical conductivity measurements.
The effects of bioconvection, non‐Fourier heat flux, and thermal radiations on Williamson nanofluids and Maxwell nanofluids transportation with prescribed thermal conditions
Authors: Afzal Saima , Siddique Imran , Abdal Sohaib , Hussain Sajjad , Salimi Mehdi , Ahmadian Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe utilization of nanoentities in common fluids has opened new opportunities in the area of heat transportation. The rising requirements to enhance the efficiency of compact heat exchangers can be achieved by using various nanofluids. In this article, the thermal output of Maxwell and Williamson nanofluids transport over a prolonging sheet with bioconvection of self‐motivated organisms is scrutinized. A magnetic flux and the porous effects of a medium influence the flow of fluids. The fundamental principles for conservation of mass, concentration, momentum, and energy yield a nonlinear set of partial differential equations that can then be altered into ordinary differential form. A heat transfer flux is presented along with temperature boundary conditions, PST, and PHF (prescribed surface temperature and prescribed heat flux). The numerical results are acquired by executing the Runge–Kutta method with a shooting procedure in MATLAB coding. By fluctuating the inputs of influential variables of the dependent functions, a precise overview of the scheme is acquired. It can be seen that velocity decreases with the rising values of buoyancy ratio, magnetic force, Raleigh number, and porosity. Also, the temperature of the fluids begins to rise directly with the rising values of thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. The present study addresses bioconvection, non‐Fourier heat flow, and thermal radiations while combining the special properties of Williamson and Maxwell nanofluids. The field of biomedical engineering may benefit from this study, particularly with regard to therapies for hyperthermia and drug delivery systems. This study can be useful in cutting‐edge cooling systems, bioengineering, solar energy conversion and biotechnology.
Irreversibility analysis of Eyring Powell nanofluid flow in curved porous channel
Authors: Sami‐Ul‐Haq Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad Bilal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to minimize entropy in the MHD Eyring‐Powell fluid through a semi‐porous curved channel. The flow phenomena are examined under the consideration of joule heating, viscous heating, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. The motivation of this research is to minimize entropy production in curved porous channel because thermal systems become more efficient as a result of decreased energy consumption, operational expenses, and experimental costs. This approach is useful in designing industrial equipment that requires efficient thermal management, such as fuel cells, chemical processing, and advanced refrigeration systems. The coupled boundary layer equations of the problem are highly nonlinear PDEs, which are transformed into systems of coupled ODEs by using similarity variables. The solution of a coupled system of ODEs is obtained numerically via Bvp4c. The effect of several physical parameters for entropy analysis, Bejan number, concentration, and velocity/temperature are illustrated and analyzed using graphs. Furthermore, the computational outcomes of physical quantities, for example, heat and mass transfer rate are also presented. Results indicated that the increasing value of the Reynolds number increases the entropy generation rate, while the reverse tendency is noticed for the Eyring‐Powell parameter. The rising values of the Brownian parameter increase the Bejan number after its decrease, while reverse behavior is observed for the thermophoresis parameter.
Implication of electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of a non‐Newtonian hybrid nanofluid in a converging and diverging channel with velocity slip effects: A comparative investigation using numerical and ADM approaches
Authors: Kezzar Mohamed , Nehal Abdelaziz , Ragupathi Pachiyappan , Saranya Shekar , Khan Umair , Sari Mohamed Rafik , Ismail Tabet , Siddiqui Md Irfanul Haque 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the intricate interplay of magnetic and electric fields (EMHD) on the flow characteristics of a non‐Newtonian bio‐hybrid nanofluid, consisting of Ag+Graphene/blood, within converging and diverging geometries. The investigation takes into account the effects of velocity slip at the walls, offering a comprehensive examination of this complex fluid system. A novel bio‐hybrid nanofluid model was introduced, featuring a unique combination of Ag+Graphene/blood nanoparticles. To address this multifaceted problem, the research employed mathematical modeling based on nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), encompassing continuity and momentum equations. These PDEs were then transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through similarity transformations. The study explored both numerical and analytical solutions, with a particular focus on the application of the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). To validate the findings, the study compared the analytical results with those obtained using the HAM‐based Mathematica package and the Runge–Kutta Fehlberg 4th–5th order (RKF‐45) method in specific scenarios. Active parameters, including nanofluid volume fraction, slip factors, and the influence of magnetic and electric fields, were systematically examined to unveil their impacts on velocity and skin friction within this multifaceted nanofluid system. It is found that the skin friction coefficient decreases with the Increasing both the nanoparticle volume fraction, Hartmann number and the angle in both channels. Results obtained also reveal an in the converging section, higher Casson parameters lead to increased yield stress but are offset by the higher shear rates, resulting in a higher velocity profile. In the diverging section, the fluid resists flow due to the reduced shear stress, leading to a decreased velocity profile.
The time‐fractional ISPH method for fin circular rotation on MHD bioconvection flow of oxytactic microorganisms and NEPCM within a hexagonal‐shaped cavity
Authors: Awad Fawzia , Raizah Zehba , Aly Abdelraheem M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work investigates the bioconvection flow of oxytactic microorganisms and nanoparticle‐enhanced phase change material (NEPCM) within a hexagonal‐shaped cavity containing a rotated cross fin, utilizing the incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method based on a time‐fractional derivative. The study considers the circular rotation of an inner cross fin and the presence of two rectangular heat sources on the plane walls inside the hexagonal cavity. The novelty of this work is its integration of a hexagonal‐shaped cavity with a rotated cross fin and the use of a time‐fractional derivative in the ISPH method to analyze bioconvection flow, offering new insights into the interaction between microorganism motion and heat transfer dynamics in complex geometries. The effects of Darcy, Hartmann, Lewis, Peclet, Rayleigh, and bioconvection Rayleigh numbers on isotherms, heat capacity ratio, microorganism density, velocity fields, and average Nusselt number are analyzed. The key findings demonstrate the significant impact of Rayleigh and bioconvection Rayleigh numbers in enhancing heat distribution and velocity fields, thereby significantly influencing microorganism motion. Due to Lorentz forces, the velocity field decreases by with an increase in the Hartmann number from 0 to 50. The resistance of the nanofluid's velocity becomes apparent as the Darcy number decreases. Increasing Lewis and Péclet numbers cause the microorganisms to shift towards the cavity's boundaries.