bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing expression system alters oligomerization and proinflammatory activity of recombinant human S100A9
Authors: Chisholm Lauren O. , Jeon Chae Kyung , Prell James S. , Harms Michael J. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTS100A9 is a Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) that activates the innate immune system via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Despite many years of study, the mechanism of activation remains unknown. To date, much of the biochemical characterization of S100A9 has been performed using recombinant S100A9 expressed inE. coli(S100A9ec). TLR4 is the canonical receptor for LPS, a molecule found in the outer membrane ofE. coli, raising the possibility of artifacts due to LPS contamination. Here we report characterization of LPS-free recombinant S100A9 expressed in insect cells (S100A9in). We show that S100A9indoes not activate TLR4. This difference does not appear to be due to LPS contamination, protein misfolding, purification artifacts, or differences in phosphorylation. We show instead that S100A9inadopts an altered oligomeric state compared to S100A9ec. Disrupting oligomer formation with theE. colidisaggregase SlyD restores activity to S100A9in. Our results also indicate that the oligomeric state of S100A9 is a major factor in its ability to activate TLR4 and that this can be altered in unexpected ways by the recombinant expression system used to produce the protein.
Light tetraquark states with exotic quantum numbers
JPC=2+−
Authors: Wang Qi-Nan , Lian Ding-Kun , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2024

We study the masses of light tetraquark states udu¯d¯, usu¯s¯, and sss¯s¯ with exotic quantum numbers JPC=2+− using the method of QCD sum rules. It is found that there is no tetraquark operator with two Lorentz indices coupling to the 2+− quantum numbers. To investigate such tetraquark states, we construct the interpolating tetraquark currents with three Lorentz indices and without a derivative operator. We calculate the correlation functions up to dimension-ten condensates and extract the 2+− invariant functions via the projector operator. Our results show that the masses of the udu¯d¯, usu¯s¯, and sss¯s¯ tetraquark states with JPC=2+− are about 3.3–3.5, 3.5–3.7, and 3.67 GeV, respectively. We further discuss the strong decays of these light tetraquarks into the two-meson and baryon-antibaryon final states and suggest to search for them in the ρπ, ωπ, ϕπ, b1π, h1π, KK¯*, KK¯1, ΔΔ¯, Σ*Σ¯*, Ξ*Ξ¯*, and ΩΩ¯ channels in the future.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Genomic stasis over millions of years in subseafloor sediment
Authors: Garber Arkadiy I. , Ramírez Gustavo A. , D'Hondt Steven 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOne of the significant challenges in microbiology is to understand the extent and mechanisms of evolution within life beneath the surface of the Earth. The population bottleneck that microbes in deep marine sediment experience implies that mutational and population genetic forces could lead to higher levels of relaxed selection and an increase in pseudogenes. To investigate this hypothesis, a group of Thalassospira strains were isolated from subseafloor sediment that is 3 to 6 million years old, as reported by Orsi and colleagues in 2021. These isolates, representing lineages that have been buried for millions of years, offer an excellent opportunity to study the evolution of life beneath the seafloor over a long period. The existence of closely related strains from environments on the surface of the Earth enabled us to examine the impact of selection within each group. We discovered that isolates from beneath the seafloor show lineage‐specific similarities to Thalassospira from the surface world, both in the overall intensity of selection on the genome and in the specific genes affected by mutation. We found no signs of increased relaxed selection or other notable genomic changes in the genomes of the Thalassospira isolates from beneath the seafloor, suggesting that these subseafloor isolates were awakened from a million‐year near‐stasis. The unique genomic characteristics of each Thalassospira lineage from beneath the seafloor must then reflect genetic changes that surface‐inhabiting decendants acquired in the past 3–6 million years. Remarkably, Thalassospira lineages beneath the surface appear to have stably maintained their genomes in the midst of metabolic dormancy and extremely long generation times.
Using Research to Improve Policing post Casey—and Why that Might not Happen
Authors: Sutherland Alex 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCrime is a problem that extends beyond police and policing. As the saying goes, ‘you can't arrest your way out of crime’, nor can you police your way out of a recruitment crisis, or baton‐charge to improve trust. Policing faces some novel challenges, but not every policing problem is unique and there are ideas from outside policing that can help. This article makes suggestions on ways to resolve some of the issues raised in the Casey review using evidence from different disciplines and concludes with some reasons why research evidence is not routinely used in policing and what can be done to change this.
Identification of senescent cell subpopulations by CITE‐seq analysis
Authors: Abdelmohsen Kotb , Mazan‐Mamczarz Krystyna , Munk Rachel , Tsitsipatis Dimitrios , Meng Qiong , Rossi Martina , Pal Apala , Shin Chang Hoon , Martindale Jennifer L. , Piao Yulan , Fan Jinshui , Yanai Hagai , De Supriyo , Beerman Isabel , Gorospe Myriam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCellular senescence, a state of persistent growth arrest, is closely associated with aging and age‐related diseases. Deciphering the heterogeneity within senescent cell populations and identifying therapeutic targets are paramount for mitigating senescence‐associated pathologies. In this study, proteins on the surface of cells rendered senescent by replicative exhaustion and by exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) were identified using mass spectrometry analysis, and a subset of them was further studied using single‐cell CITE‐seq (Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing) analysis. Based on the presence of proteins on the cell surface, we identified two distinct IR‐induced senescent cell populations: one characterized by high levels of CD109 and CD112 (cluster 3), the other characterized by high levels of CD112, CD26, CD73, HLA‐ABC, CD54, CD49A, and CD44 (cluster 0). We further found that cluster 0 represented proliferating and senescent cells in the G1 phase of the division cycle, and CITE‐seq detection of cell surface proteins selectively discerned those in the senescence group. Our study highlights the heterogeneity of senescent cells and underscores the value of cell surface proteins as tools for distinguishing senescent cell programs and subclasses, paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies in disorders exacerbated by senescence.
Dysregulation of choline metabolism and therapeutic potential of citicoline in Huntington's disease
Authors: Chang Kuo‐Hsuan , Cheng Mei‐Ling , Tang Hsiang‐Yu , Lin Chung‐Yin , Chen Chiung‐Mei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is associated with dysregulated choline metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the expression of key enzymes in this pathway in R6/2 HD mice and human HD postmortem brain tissues. We further explored the therapeutic potential of modulating choline metabolism for HD. Both R6/2 mice and HD patients exhibited reduced expression of glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase 1 (GPCPD1), a key enzyme in choline metabolism, in the striatum and cortex. The striatum of R6/2 mice also showed decreased choline and phosphorylcholine, and increased glycerophosphocholine, suggesting disruption in choline metabolism due to GPCPD1 deficiency. Treatment with citicoline significantly improved motor performance, upregulated anti‐apoptotic Bcl2 expression, and reduced oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde in both brain regions. Metabolomic analysis revealed partial restoration of disrupted metabolic patterns in the striatum and cortex following citicoline treatment. These findings strongly suggest the role of GPCPD1 deficiency in choline metabolism dysregulation in HD. The therapeutic potential of citicoline in R6/2 mice highlights the choline metabolic pathway as a promising target for future HD therapies.
Age‐stratified risk of suicide in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Lin Yueh‐Pin , Chen Wen‐Yin , Pan Chun‐Hung , Su Sheng‐Shiang , Tsai Shang‐Ying , Chen Chiao‐Chicy , Kuo Chian‐Jue 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesSchizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of suicide. Few studies have investigated the risk of suicide across different ages, likely due to limitations around sample size.MethodsFrom the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, this study identified 195,787 patients with schizophrenia from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2019. During the study period, 3848 patients died from suicide. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for suicide stratified by age. In this age‐stratified, nested case–control study, risk set sampling was used to match each case with 4 living controls by age, sex, and the year of the first diagnosis with schizophrenia. Conditional logistic regression was used for estimating age‐stratified risk profiles.ResultsThe SMR was the highest in the <25 years age group (52.8) and inversely correlated with age. Unemployment was associated with an increased risk of suicide in the 25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to 54, and 55 to 64 years age groups. Depressive and sleep disorders before suicide were more common among suicide cases with schizophrenia than among controls across all age groups. Drug‐induced and alcohol‐induced mental disorders were significantly associated with suicide but were observed only in the age group younger than 54. Heart disease, pneumonia, and moderate or severe renal disease were risk factors for suicide in the age groups less than 65.ConclusionsThe risk factors for suicide differ by age. This study's findings can be used to optimize health‐care interventions for preventing suicide in patients with schizophrenia.
ChatGPT‐4: Alcohol use disorder responses
Authors: Russell Alex M. , Acuff Samuel F. , Kelly John F. , Allem Jon‐Patrick , Bergman Brandon G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by low levels of engagement with effective treatments. Enhancing awareness of AUD treatments and how to navigate the treatment system is crucial. Many individuals use online sources (e.g. search engines) for answers to health‐related questions; web‐based results include a mix of high‐ and low‐quality information. Artificial intelligence may improve access to quality health information by providing concise, high‐quality responses to complex health‐related questions. This study evaluated the quality of ChatGPT‐4 responses to AUD‐related queries.MethodA comprehensive list of 64 AUD‐related questions was developed through a combination of Google Trends analysis and expert consultation. ChatGPT‐4 was prompted with each question, followed by a request to provide 3–5 peer‐reviewed scientific citations supporting each response. Responses were evaluated for whether they were evidence‐based, provided a referral and provided supporting documentation.ResultsChatGPT‐4 responded to all AUD‐related queries, with 92.2% (59/64) of responses being fully evidence‐based. Although only 12.5% (8/64) of responses included referrals to external resources, all responses (100%; 5/5) to location‐specific (‘near me’) queries directed individuals to appropriate resources like the NIAAA Treatment Navigator. Most (85.9%; 55/64) responses to the follow‐up question provided supporting documentation.ConclusionsChatGPT‐4 responds to alcohol use disorder‐related questions with evidence‐based information and supporting documentation. ChatGPT‐4 could be promoted as a reasonable resource for those looking online for alcohol use disorder‐related information.
Anaplastic thyroid cancer: A review of recent evidence and summary of an Australian institutional protocol
Authors: Lawless Anna K , Kumar Shejil , Bindra Jessica , Sywak Mark , Chou Angela , Turchini John , Papachristos Alexander , Wijewardene Ayanthi , Sidhu Stanley , Ahadi Mahsa , Tacon Lyndal , Glover Anthony , Clark Katherine , Tsang Venessa , Pang Leo , Clifton‐Bligh Roderick J , Robinson Bruce , Gill Anthony J , Guminski Alexander , Eade Thomas , Gild Matti L 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), a rare and highly aggressive malignancy, is characterized by an exceptionally poor prognosis, where the majority of patients present with extensive local invasion and/or distant metastases. 20–30% of ATCs harbor the BRAF‐V600E mutation. Neoadjuvant BRAF‐targeted therapy may have the potential to downstage and facilitate surgical resection for patients with locally advanced and unresectable primary tumors with BRAF mutation and may convey a survival advantage in those with metastatic disease. There is emerging evidence to support the use of other targeted agents, including multikinase inhibitors, as well as the incorporation of immunotherapy into the treatment regimen. Rapid molecular and pathological diagnosis and expert multidisciplinary discussion at specialized treatment centers are critical to expedite investigations and initiate treatment for this complex and rapidly progressive disease.
Adherence to guidelines in curative treatment of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: Insights from a retrospective Tunisian study
Authors: Fendri Sofiene , Latrous Alia , Meddeb Khedija , Ayadi Mouna , Mokrani Amina , Rais Henda Belhajali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo describe the management and treatment practices of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients, assess compliance with the 2023 European Society for Medical Oncology recommendations, and identify factors that may limit or influence their application.MethodsWe conducted, in a Tunisian center, a retrospective study that included patients treated for cancer or hematologic malignancies and diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism between January 1, 2022, and August 1, 2023.ResultsThe study involved 90 patients. DVTs were significantly predominant (81.1%). VTE mostly occurred within 3 months of the cancer diagnosis (41.1%). All patients received anticoagulant treatment. The most frequently prescribed class of anticoagulants was direct oral anticoagulants (42.2%), followed by low molecular weight heparin (36.7%), and finally vitamin K antagonists (21.1%). Financial constraints and/or refusal of social security to provide the treatment were the main cause for changes in the anticoagulant therapy (16.7%). Deaths (25.5%) and repermeabilization of the initially thrombosed venous network on imaging (11.1%) were the two primary reasons for treatment discontinuation. Bleeding complication was the cause of treatment modification or discontinuation in 7.7% and 5.5% of patients, respectively. Overall, guidelines were fully followed in 49 patients (54.4%) concerning the choice of pharmacological class, dose and duration of treatment. Financial constraints experienced by patients were significantly and independently associated with lower adherence to recommendations (p = 0.032).ConclusionAdherence to guidelines is insufficient. Measures must be implemented to enhance the management of VTE and to develop strategies for improving access to anticoagulants.
Risk of bias and problematic trials: characterising the research integrity of trials submitted to Anaesthesia
Authors: Bramley Paul , Hulman Joshua , Wanstall Helen 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBackgroundThere is some evidence for systematic biases and failures of research integrity in the anaesthesia literature. However, the features of problematic trials and effect of editorial selection on these issues have not been well quantified.MethodsWe analysed 209 randomised controlled trials submitted to Anaesthesia between 8 March 2019 and 31 March 2020. We evaluated the submitted manuscript, registry data and the results of investigations into the integrity of the trial undertaken at the time of submission. Trials were labelled ‘concerning’ if failures of research integrity were found, and ‘problematic’ if identified issues would have warranted retraction if they had been found after publication. We investigated how ‘problematic’ trials were detected, the distribution of p values and the risk of outcome reporting bias and p‐hacking. We also investigated whether there were any factors that differed in problematic trials.ResultsWe found that false data was the most common reason for a trial to be labelled as ‘concerning’, which occurred in 51/62 (82%) cases. We also found that while 195/209 (93%) trials were preregistered, we found adequate registration for only 166/209 (79%) primary outcomes, 100/209 (48%) secondary outcomes and 11/209 (5%) analysis plans. We also found evidence for a step decrease in the frequency of p values > 0.05 compared with p values < 0.05. ‘Problematic’ trials were all single‐centre and appeared to have fewer authors (incident risk ratio (95%CI) 0.8 (0.7–0.9)), but could not otherwise be distinguished reliably from other trials.ConclusionsIdentification of ‘problematic’ trials is frequently dependent on individual patient data, which is often unavailable after publication. Additionally, there is evidence of a risk of outcome reporting bias and p‐hacking in submitted trials. Implementation of alternative research and editorial practices could reduce the risk of bias and make identification of problematic trials easier.
Healthcare Professionals' Perspectives on the Use of Standing Frames for Children Diagnosed With Cerebral Palsy: An Explanatory Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Andersen Michaela , Krarup Lærke Hartvig , Rolving Nanna , Holsgaard‐Larsen Anders , Pawlowski Charlotte , Rasmussen Helle Mätzke , Hubeishy Maja Husted 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundStanding frames are commonly used by healthcare professionals in their practice with children with cerebral palsy (CP) who do not have an independent standing function. A better understanding of healthcare professionals' attitudes and experiences with standing frames may impact practice and rehabilitation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the standing frame practice among healthcare professionals and expand their attitude and experience with the use of standing frames for children with CP.MethodsThis is an explanatory sequential mixed methods study. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted, providing quantitative data on 210 healthcare professionals' use of standing frames. The quantitative data were descriptively analysed. Subsequently, the results from the survey were followed up with five focus group interviews of healthcare professionals (n = 14). The qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis, enabling integration between the quantitative and qualitative data.ResultsWhen quantitative and qualitative data are integrated, expansion between the two datasets occurred. The quantitative dataset emphasised the use of GMFCS levels as a guideline for recommending standing frames, whereas the qualitative data showed that the healthcare professionals' recommendations were based on individual needs. Furthermore, the healthcare professionals expanded the quantitative data, showing that the healthcare professionals' considerations regarding age and dosage were based on clinical experience, and saw the standing frame as having many benefits.ConclusionThe healthcare professionals had a child‐centred approach, where the child's need for using a standing frame was assessed based on the functional level, stage of development, cognitive level and clinical assessment. All of these considerations showed that the use of standing frames for children with CP was individualised, thereby making it difficult to make unified descriptions.
Religious Coping as Mediator of Sense of Competence and Post‐traumatic Growth in Mothers of Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: ul Ain Noor , Ali Anam , Bashir Nazia 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine whether religious coping mediates the relationship between parenting sense of competence (PSOC) and post‐traumatic growth (PTG).MethodCross‐sectional research design was used. A sample of 74 mothers (age range; 20–45 years) of CP children (age range; 2–9 years) was collected through purposive sampling from different physiotherapy centres and special education schools of Lahore. PSOC scale, brief RCOPE and PTG inventory were used.ResultsPositive religious coping partially mediated (β = 0.190, 95% CI [0.026, 0.374], p < 0.05) between PSOC and PTG. Partial mediation exists between PSOC and appreciation of life through pathway of positive religious coping (β = 0.040, 95% CI [0.007, 0.075], p < 05). Full mediation exists between PSOC and personal strength through pathway of positive religious coping (β = 0.041, 95% CI [0.001, 0.081], p < 0.05) and through negative religious coping (β = 0.034, 95% CI [0.002, 0.066], p < 0.05). Positive religious coping fully mediated (β = 0.029, 95% CI [0.007, 0.058], p < 0.05) between PSOC and spiritual change. Moreover, indirect effect of PSOC on relating to others and new possibilities through positive and negative religious coping was non‐significant, indicating no mediation.ConclusionPositive religious coping affected the association between PSOC and PTG, that is, mothers of CP children having high parenting competence are more likely to use positive religious coping strategies that results in more PTG.
Active spread of β‐thalassemia beyond the thalassemia belt: A study on a Russian population
Authors: Shchemeleva Ekaterina , Salomashkina Valentina V. , Selivanova Daria , Tsvetaeva Nina , Melikyan Anait , Doronina Liliya , Surin Vadim L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstractβ‐Thalassemia is a disease traditionally associated with thalassemia belt countries. Nonetheless, as global migration intensifies, β‐thalassemia–causing variants spread far from their origin. We investigated this process to detect some patterns underlying its course. We analyzed β‐thalassemia–causing variants and the origin of 676 unrelated participants in Moscow, the largest city of Russia, far away from the thalassemia belt. Our analyses revealed that modern Russia has one of the broadest spectra of thalassemia‐causing variants: 46 different variants, including two novel β0 variants. Only a small proportion of the reported pathogenic variants likely originated in the resident subpopulation. Almost half of the variants that supposedly had emerged outside the Russian borders have already been assimilated by (were found in) the resident subpopulation. The primary modern source of immigration transferring thalassemia to a nonthalassemic part of Russia is the Caucasus region. We also found traces of ancient migration flows from non‐Caucasus countries. Our data indicate that β‐thalassemia–causing variants are actively spilling over into resident populations of countries outside thalassemia belt regions. Therefore, viewing thalassemia as a disease exclusive to specific ethnic groups creates a mind trap that can complicate the diagnosis.