bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urgency adjusted outcomes of emergency abdominal surgery for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bunce J A , Lund J N , Tierney G M 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPatients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are a complex cohort who are relatively poorly represented in published literature. This is partly due to the lack of consensus of the definition of the term emergency in IBD surgery. There is ongoing and recent work defining clinical urgency for unplanned surgical procedures and categorizing the high‐risk surgical patient. This paper aims to report the difference in patient metrics and risks as recorded by the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA).MethodsComplete patient data, including histology, were available in the NELA database between 2013 and 2016. Urgency categories recorded by NELA are <2 h, 2–6 h, 6–18 h, and >18 h. Patient characteristics, physiology, biochemistry, and outcomes are reported according to these urgency categories with regression analysis used to compare differences between them.ResultsMortality in Crohn's disease (CD) ranged from 1.4% in the >18 h urgency to 14.6% in the most urgent. In ulcerative colitis (UC), this range was from 3.1% to 14.8%. In both CD and UC, there were significant trends in hemodynamic instability, serum white cell count, serum electrolytes and creatinine, and outcome measures length of stay and unplanned return to theater.ConclusionsPatients having emergency surgery for IBD are not a single cohort when considering physiology, blood biochemistry, or most importantly, outcomes. Risk counseling and management should reflect this. Hemodynamic changes are subtle and may be missed in this cohort.
Reimagining Research Methods Curriculum in Education Otherwise: A Decolonial Turn
Authors: Ghemmour Riadh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter seeks to explore decolonisation as a creative orientation to problematise the politics of knowledge hierarchies of university curriculum (research methods in the case of this chapter) in order to respond to issues of epistemic violence and exclusion, and create transformative and radical ideas about the future of education. The critical discussions are the result of my interactions with different educators and students within the UK and beyond, my lived experience as an Algerian Kabyle who immigrated to the UK, and my doctoral research. The latter sought to explore the lived experiences of EFL (English as a foreign language) master’s (MA) students in studying research methodology and writing their dissertations in education fields at an Algerian university. I begin to discuss my own education journey in both Algeria and the UK which was grounded in Eurocentrism. The chapter then defines the concept of decolonisation in the context of educational research, and what this proposed orientation may mean for the future of education. I further explain the significance of using decolonisation as a creative approach to address exclusion and inequality, and invite readers to think of what it may mean in terms of their practices, pedagogies and creating new possible realities of educational futures. I also conclude with offering some practical ideas for change to decolonise educational research methods curriculum in a higher education (HE) context.
Care as Resistance within Educational Practice
Authors: Campbell Sarah , Dyer Sarah , Nash River Jean 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter shares the learning of the authors who collaborated on an Arts and Culture University of Exeter Creative Fellowship in 2021–2022. The Creative Fellowship was itself a rupture, a process-driven placement with an open-ended approach, where artists and university staff were peers, and no fixed outcome was required. We held a common interest in care as resistance in contemporary workplaces, and as crucial to both learning and generating new ways of working through creative processes. This chapter is formed from edited extracts from two recorded conversations between the authors that took place towards the end of the Creative Fellowship. We reflected on the key moments, tensions, and insights. We present these as the learning we gained, which could usefully support others who seek to centre care, resist from within, or otherwise develop care-ful, ethical educational futures. We argue that vulnerability and discomfort are fundamental to creative processes, including learning, and care is required to hold these experiences productively. We conclude that the overemphasis in HE on individualised approaches to care—where staff and students are offered support such as apps to address experiences of stress, or where the burden of caring falls on individuals—fails to acknowledge its vital social and interpersonal dimensions and the responsibility of the institution towards sustainable ways of working for the community.
Journeying with Affective Embodied Empathy for an Ethical Understanding of Environmental Education
Authors: Wren Heather 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe climate emergency necessitates addressing the ethical implications of the Anthropocene, emphasising the complex interplay between humans and the more-than-human. Traditionally, environmental education has focused on human perspectives, limiting a comprehensive understanding of these issues. Recent research advocates for a broader perspective, integrating human and more-than-human empathy to better grasp the Anthropocene’s challenges. This study redefines empathy as an affective, embodied phenomenon transcending human-centric views, focusing on the relational connections within shared environments. It proposes a new materialist framework, highlighting how empathy emerges through intra-actions, where affective forces shape relational dynamics and foster kinship and mutual care from sensory experiences. Methodologically, diffractive musing is used to explore affective, embodied empathy in a Norwegian Folke School. This lens facilitates attentiveness to the intra-actions between humans and the more-than-human, and as a reader, you are invited to join me on my journey to understand how subjectivity, agency, power relations, and understandings of time, space, and matter evolve. By taking part, I argue that you will appreciate the need to slow down, heighten sensory awareness, and focus on absences and placemaking to nurture affective, embodied empathy. By framing empathy as affective and embodied, the study contributes to posthuman/new materialist environmental education knowledge. It offers a new theorisation of empathy, positioning it as a transformative force capable of cultivating compassion and ethical responsibility towards the more-than-human world, ultimately driving positive social and environmental change.
(Ma)kin(g) Sympoietic More-than-Human Educational Futures
Authors: Witt Sharon , Clarke Helen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter shares stories of creative ruptions, to think and do place-based education differently. We think-with Haraway’s (2016, Staying with the trouble: Making kin in the Chthulucene. Duke University Press) idea of sympoiesis as collective making, to situate learners as kin in a mesh of relations with more-than-human worlds. Making-with draws on wisdoms of the past and experiences of the present, to shape educational possibilities for the future. To explore sympoietic thinking within educational assemblages we share two lively elemental encounters of collaborative research creations that involve lake, garden, children, teachers, student teachers and researchers. In these examples we ground the idea of making-with in practical, everyday and lifelong ways within which educators can nurture kinship. Collective making is not straightforward. Sympoietic practices foster creative, inclusive, non-colonising pedagogies, which can be challenging to put into practice, yet position creativity as a powerful and provocative agent of positive change.
Creativity in an Emergent and Improvisational Global Educational Environment
Authors: Ben-Horin Oded 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter is anchored in European research and development (R&D) projects in the field of improvisational approaches to creativity and arts integration in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics (STEAM) education. These are implemented as globally co-created educational science operas, which are creative processes through which science and art educators facilitate the creation of original science-inspired operas in schools. This pedagogical approach constitutes a case study in which I explore and question imaginative, innovative environments as educational futures. Contributing to sustainable educational responses to the unpredictable challenges that the global educational environment faces requires an ethical understanding which includes other-than-humans, both living and non-living, in a relational creative process.I describe my experiences and tensions with the management of a portfolio of creative R&D projects in a university of applied sciences as a middle leader and I outline the role of management in ensuring that ethical educational futures emerge responsively through the generative potential of creativity. From this perspective, I discuss quality standards and societal impact as current-day political requirements in higher education. I argue that they have yet to be reconciled with sustainability goals through overarching institutional strategies with regards to acknowledging specific contexts and conditions within which impact emerges, consistent integration of R&D initiatives in higher education’s study programmes, and intra-actions between profession-oriented study programmes and the practice field of schools.
Introduction
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger , Breugst Nicola 
Published: June 2024

Abstract We designed this book to give you tools we hope you can use to improve your entrepreneurial performance. We have structured these rules following the entrepreneurial journey. You will find rules for recognizing opportunities, selecting markets for entry, making decisions, and developing plans and strategies. We have included rules for collaborating with important others, such as engaging with external stakeholders, working with cofounders, and managing employees. You will also find tools to grow your venture, ride the emotional rollercoaster of the entrepreneurial journey, and develop the social aspects of your venture. Finally, the book also includes rules for managing mistakes and failures and exiting your venture. We situate these simple rules in the entrepreneurial context. The entrepreneurial context is one of great complexity, dynamics, uncertainty, emotionality, time pressure, and consequential outcomes. We hope these simple rules help you.
Simple Rules for Managing Mistakes and Failures
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger , Breugst Nicola 
Published: June 2024

Abstract This chapter offers simple rules for managing mistakes and failures. These simple rules are: to be successful, you need to be prepared for and manage failure; yes, you can learn more from your failures than your successes, but it can be more challenging than you think; you cannot choose to be error free, you need to choose which error you will regret less; prepare for crises because they will likely happen (you just don’t know what or when); and if you caused a mistake that was a core violation of your entrepreneurial venture and negatively impacts others, then you better make a good apology.
Conclusion
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger , Breugst Nicola 
Published: June 2024

Abstract Driving Route 66 is an adventure. Going on the entrepreneurial journey is an adventure. Just as simple traffic rules help you navigate perhaps the most famous road in the world, we hope the simple rules offered in this book prevent you from getting lost along your entrepreneurial journey but instead reach the successful outcome you want to achieve.
Simple Rules for Entrepreneurial Decision-Making
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger , Breugst Nicola 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter offers simple rules for entrepreneurial decision-making. These simple rules are: entry decisions are complex, so time them right; if you think you do not have implicit biases, you are probably wrong (we all do), so set up procedures to circumvent them; reduce your overconfidence in making predictions; while slack is nice, necessity can be the mother of innovation; when you lack information to make decisions, turn to what you have at hand; if you want to capture fleeting opportunities, then speed up your decision-making; and decision analysis will only get you so far, tap into your inner child to ask questions.
Simple Rules for Developing Plans and Strategies
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger , Breugst Nicola 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter offers simple rule for developing plans and strategies. These simple rules are: reflect on your personal goals when setting an entrepreneurial strategy; think about your venture’s future and your future in it; when facing uncertainty, look for ways to capitalize on learning (stage gates won’t cut it); simplify your rules as the environment becomes more complex and dynamic; be aware of and minimize your venture’s vulnerabilities; anticipate and avoid (or prepare for) potential threats; meetings can help effective transitions from one project to the next; and avoid firefighting mode to improve long-run performance.
Simple Rules for Working with Cofounders
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger , Breugst Nicola 
Published: June 2024

Abstract This chapter offers simple rules for working with cofounders. These simple rules are: don’t be a fool, don’t rush in; make sure to invest time in setting up your founding team; if you want your founding team to function well, nurture it; make sure your team can manage team issues; and your team may not stay together, but a break up does not have to be a disaster.
Simple Rules for Managing Employees
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger , Breugst Nicola 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter offers simple rules for managing employees. These simple rules are: consider the people you can attract to your startup; you will shape your employees, but they will also shape you; build a culture in which your employees thrive; and if you want to be entrepreneurial, you need to be a failure-tolerant leader.
Simple Rules for Growing Your Venture
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger , Breugst Nicola 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter offers simple rules for growing your venture. These simple rules are: growth is a challenging journey, be well prepared; transform your venture multiple times; build your cultural intelligence to enter foreign markets; to make your organization entrepreneurial, enhance its capacity to learn; and formalize some of your personality to build your venture’s culture.
Pathway Analysis of the Dynamics of Teacher Educators’ Professional Digital Competence
Authors: Madsen Siri Sollied , Saure Heidi I. , Lie Marit H. , Janeš Aleksander , Klančar Andreja , Brito Rita , Thorvaldsen Steinar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInstitutions offering teacher education have generally been criticized for giving pre-service teachers an insufficient education regarding the pedagogical use of digital technology. In this study we investigate the dynamics of professional digital competence (PDC) among teacher educators (in primary, secondary and early childhood teacher education programmes) in Norway, Slovenia, and Portugal. A survey was constructed based on the understanding of digital competence consisting of an individual’s knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Three constructed variables from the survey (Attitudes, Knowledge and skills, and Use, regarding digital technology in higher education) were analysed, and we found small differences in mean scores between the three countries. However, a pathway analysis via regressions revealed markedly different dynamics of PDC, and we discuss implications of our findings on teacher educators’ use of digital technology.
Lemma Discovery and Strategies for Automated Induction
Authors: Einarsdóttir Sólrún Halla , Hajdu Márton , Johansson Moa , Smallbone Nicholas , Suda Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe investigate how the automated inductive proof capabilities of the first-order prover Vampire can be improved by adding lemmas conjectured by the QuickSpec theory exploration system and by training strategy schedules specialized for inductive proofs. We find that adding lemmas improves performance (measured in number of proofs found for benchmark problems) by$$40\%$$40%compared to Vampire’s plain structural induction as baseline. Strategy training alone increases the number of proofs found by$$130\%$$130%, and the two methods in combination provide an increase of$$183\%$$183%. By combining strategy training and lemma discovery we can prove more inductive benchmarks than previous state-of-the-art inductive proof systems (HipSpec and CVC4).
Model Completeness for Rational Trees
Authors: Ghilardi Silvio , Poidomani Lia M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe analyze the theory of rational trees with finitely many constructors, infinitely many atoms and an atomicity predicate. We design a new decision procedure, proving in addition that this theory is model-complete. We also show that the enrichment of the language with selectors and simultaneous parametric fixpoints enjoys quantifier elimination.
Verifying a Realistic Mutable Hash Table
Authors: Chassot Samuel , Kunčak Viktor 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, we verify, using the Stainless program verifier, the mutable from the Scala standard library, a hash table using open addressing within a single array. As an executable specification, we write an immutable map based on a list of tuples and verify it against the mathematical definition of a map. We then show that ’s operations correspond to operations of this association list. To express the resizing of the hash table array, we introduce a new reference-swapping construct in Stainless. This allows us to apply the decorator design pattern without introducing aliasing. Our verification effort led us to find and fix a bug in the original implementation that manifests for large hash tables. Our performance analysis shows the verified version to be within a 1.5 factor of the original data structure.
Booleguru, the Propositional Polyglot (Short Paper)
Authors: Heisinger Maximilian , Heisinger Simone , Seidl Martina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent approaches on verification and reasoning solve SAT and QBF encodings using state-of-the-art SMT solvers, as it “makes implementation much easier”. The ease-of-use of these solvers make SAT and QBF solvers less visible to users of solvers—who are maybe from different research communities—potentially not exploiting the power of state-of-the-art tools. In this work, we motivate the need to build bridges over the widening solver-gap and introduce Booleguru, a tool to convert between formats for logic formulas. It makes SAT and QBF solvers more accessible by using techniques known from SMT solvers, such as advanced Python interfaces like Z3Py and easily generatable languages like SMT-LIB, integrating them to our conversion tool. We then introduce a language to manipulate and combine multiple formulas, optionally applying transformations for quickly prototyping encodings. Booleguru’s advanced scripting capabilities form a programming environment specialized for Boolean logic, offering a more efficient way to develop novel problem encodings.
Induction in Saturation
Authors: Kovács Laura , Hozzová Petra , Hajdu Márton , Voronkov Andrei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProof by induction is commonplace in modern mathematics and computational logic. This paper overviews and discusses our recent results in turning saturation-based first-order theorem proving into a powerful framework for automating inductive reasoning. We formalize applications of induction as new inference rules of the saturation process, add instances of appropriate induction schemata to the search space, and use these rules and instances immediately upon their addition for the purpose of guiding induction. Our results show, for example, that many problems from formal verification and mathematical theories can now be solved completely automatically using a first-order theorem prover.
Satisfiability Modulo Exponential Integer Arithmetic
Authors: Frohn Florian , Giesl Jürgen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSMT solvers use sophisticated techniques for polynomial (linear or non-linear) integer arithmetic. In contrast, non-polynomial integer arithmetic has mostly been neglected so far. However, in the context of program verification, polynomials are often insufficient to capture the behavior of the analyzed system without resorting to approximations. In the last years, incremental linearization has been applied successfully to satisfiability modulo real arithmetic with transcendental functions. We adapt this approach to an extension of polynomial integer arithmetic with exponential functions. Here, the key challenge is to compute suitable lemmas that eliminate the current model from the search space if it violates the semantics of exponentiation. An empirical evaluation of our implementation shows that our approach is highly effective in practice.
SAT-Based Learning of Computation Tree Logic
Authors: Pommellet Adrien , Stan Daniel , Scatton Simon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe learning problem consists in finding for a given sample of positive and negative Kripke structures a distinguishing formula that is verified by the former but not by the latter. Further constraints may bound the size and shape of the desired formula or even ask for its minimality in terms of syntactic size. This synthesis problem is motivated by explanation generation for dissimilar models, e.g. comparing a faulty implementation with the original protocol. We devise a -based encoding for a fixed size formula, then provide an incremental approach that guarantees minimality. We further report on a prototype implementation whose contribution is twofold: first, it allows us to assess the efficiency of various output fragments and optimizations. Secondly, we can experimentally evaluate this tool by randomly mutating Kripke structures or syntactically introducing errors in higher-level models, then learning distinguishing formulas.
Generalized Optimization Modulo Theories
Authors: Tsiskaridze Nestan , Barrett Clark , Tinelli Cesare 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOptimization Modulo Theories (OMT) has emerged as an important extension of the highly successful Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) paradigm. The OMT problem requires solving an SMT problem with the restriction that the solution must be optimal with respect to a given objective function. We introduce a generalization of the OMT problem where, in particular, objective functions can range over partially ordered sets. We provide a formalization of and an abstract calculus for the Generalized OMT problem and prove their key correctness properties. Generalized OMT extends previous work on OMT in several ways. First, in contrast to many current OMT solvers, our calculus is theory-agnostic, enabling the optimization of queries over any theories or combinations thereof. Second, our formalization unifies both single- and multi-objective optimization problems, allowing us to study them both in a single framework and facilitating the use of objective functions that are not supported by existing OMT approaches. Finally, our calculus is sufficiently general to fully capture a wide variety of current OMT approaches (each of which can be realized as a specific strategy for rule application in the calculus) and to support the exploration of new search strategies. Much like the original abstract DPLL(T) calculus for SMT, our Generalized OMT calculus is designed to establish a theoretical foundation for understanding and research and to serve as a framework for studying variations of and extensions to existing OMT methodologies.