bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-administration of either curcumin or resveratrol with cisplatin treatment decreases hepatotoxicity in rats via anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress-apoptotic pathways
Authors: Ramadan Osama I. , S. Ali Lashin , M. Abd-Allah Fatma , E. A. Ereba Rafik , S. Humeda Humeda , A. Damanhory Ahmed , E. Moustafa Ahmed , M. Younes Amr , M. Y. Awad Moaaz , A. A. Omar Nassar 
Published: July 2024

Background
Cisplatin (CIS) is a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, with cytotoxic effects on either malignant or normal cells. We aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxicity in rats caused by CIS and its amelioration by the co-administration of either curcumin or resveratrol.

Materials and Methods
Forty adult male rats divided into four equal groups: (control group): rats were given a saline solution (0.9%) once intraperitoneally, daily for the next 28 days; (cisplatin group): rats were given a daily oral dose of saline solution (0.9%) for 28 days after receiving a single dose of cisplatin (3.3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for three successive days; (CIS plus curcumin/resveratrol groups): rats received the same previous dose of cisplatin (3.3 mg/kg) daily for three successive days followed by oral administration of either curcumin/resveratrol solution at a dose of (20 mg/kg) or (10 mg/kg) consequently daily for 28 days. Different laboratory tests (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, oxidative stress markers) and light microscopic investigations were done.

Results
Administration of CIS resulted in hepatotoxicity in the form of increased liver enzymes, oxidative stress markers; degenerative and apoptotic changes, the co-administration of CIS with either curcumin or resveratrol improved hepatotoxicity through improved microscopic structural changes, reduction in liver enzymes activity, decreased oxidative stress markers, improved degenerative, and apoptotic changes in liver tissues.

Conclusion
Co-administration of either curcumin or resveratrol with cisplatin treatment could ameliorate hepatotoxicity caused by cisplatin in rats via anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress-apoptotic pathways.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus among Blood Donors at National Blood Transfusion and Research Center-Taiz Branch, Yemen
Authors: Al-Khulidi Jamal M. S. , Al-Taj Mohammed , Abdullah Ashwaq Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) represents one of the most health problems. Almost more than 350 million infected persons were reported universally. Blood transfusion is commonly the most common route of transmission of HBV. Recently, Hospitals in Yemen are increasing demands for blood and blood products due to war injury, anemia, and malnutrition. The risk of transfusion transmission of infection relatively increases. This study aimed to determine hepatitis B virus prevalence among blood donors at the National Blood Transfusion Center -Taiz branch (NBTRC- TB). Data was collected from the National Blood Transfusion and Research Center (Taiz branch) from 1/4/2020 to 16/12/2020. A total of 3174 blood donors donated blood at the center. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on them. Blood donor information was registered at the reception department, and all blood screening tests were performed. Data of HBsAg and total anti-HBc were analyzed statistically by using IBM SPSS version 26. Among 3174 blood donors, male blood donors were 3158 (99.5%) and female blood donors 16 (0.5%). Furthermore, 41 (1.3%) were positive for HBsAg (which all the positive results were for male donors and no positivity were for female donors) while 353 (11.1%) were positive for total anti- HBc Ab which is distributed at ratio of 11% (350) for males and 0.1% (3) for females. On the other hand, the result of HBsAg and total anti-HBc Ab together showed three levels of positivity as the (HBsAg positive / anti-HBc negative) were 12 (0.4%) in which was a low percentage and reversely, the (HBsAg negative/ HBcAb positive) were 316 (10.2%), While the HBsAg positive / anti-HBc positive were 27 (0.9%). So this study shed light on the result of HBsAg negative/ anti-HBc positive which the percentage (10.2%) of which statistically significant (p. value = 0.000) and was the highest result indicates donors with post HBV infection or have low HBV infection. This study showed the high prevalence of post-HBV infection among blood donors. Using both markers HBsAg and total anti-HBc Ab will improve the detection of HBV before blood transfusion.
Personenbezug von Large Language Models — Eine datenschutzrechtliche Grundsatzfrage bei der Nutzung generativer KI-Modelle
Authors: Moos Flemming 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Seit der Veröffentlichung von ChatGPT im November 2022 ist der Markt für generative KI-Modelle sprichwörtlich explodiert. Das gilt auch und ganz maßgeblich für Einsatzszenarien im Unternehmenskontext; etwa in Gestalt von Assistenzfunktionen für Office-Programme, maschinelle Übersetzungen oder auch die automatisierte Generierung von Content jeglicher Art, z.B. durch Chatbots. Es ist deshalb sicherlich nicht übertrieben zu konstatieren, dass derzeit jedes Unternehmen für sich bewertet, ob und für welche Zwecke es sinnvoll und rechtskonform generative KI-Modelle, vor allem in der Form sog. Large Language Models (LLMs) einsetzen kann. Dass hierbei prinzipiell auch das Datenschutzrecht zu beachten ist, ist klar. Unklar ist aber bisher in welchem Umfang und in welcher Phase der Einführung und Nutzung eines LLM im Unternehmen. Das hängt maßgeblich von der Frage ab, ob ein LLM an sich bereits aus personenbezogenen Daten besteht. Dieser Frage geht der Beitrag nach.
Gedanken zur Personengesellschaftsbesteuerung im Jahre 2024
Authors: Prinz Ulrich 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Gottfried E. Breuninger, dem dieser Betrag in hoher Wertschätzung und jahrzehntelanger kollegialer Zusammenarbeit gewidmet ist, hat sich in seiner im Jahre 1991 veröffentlichten Doktorarbeit an der Juristischen Fakultät der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen mit der „BGB-Gesellschaft als Rechtssubjekt im Wirtschaftsverkehr“ befasst. Der Streit um die Rechtsnatur der Gesamthandsgesellschaft mit ihren mitgliedschaftsrechtlichen und vermögensrechtlichen Aspekten sowie den sehr facettenreichen rechtstatsächlichen Erscheinungsformen stand im Mittelpunkt. Mehr als 30 Jahre später hat seine damalige Doktorarbeit weiter und erneut hohe Aktualität. Denn der gesellschaftsrechtliche Gesetzgeber hat mit dem „Gesetz zur Modernisierung des Personengesellschaftsrechts (MoPeG)“ vom 10.8.2021 vor allem das Recht der GbR als Grundform gemeinsamer wirtschaftlicher Zweckverfolgung mit Wirkung ab dem Jahre 2024 auf die Höhe der Zeit gebracht und im Zuge dessen das gesellschaftsrechtliche Gesamthandsprinzip aufgegeben. Zugleich wurde dadurch bei den in der Gedankenwelt der transparenten Mitunternehmerbesteuerung verwurzelten Steuerrechtlern einiges an Unruhe geschaffen. Denn die gesellschaftsrechtliche Gesamthand findet in etlichen Steuernormen wegweisend Erwähnung, was zu Verständnisfriktionen zwischen Gesellschafts- und Steuerrecht führen könnte und zudem den Dualismus der Unternehmensbesteuerung mit Trennungs- und Transparenzprinzip berührt. Manche Kommentatoren der Entwicklung vermuten dagegen mit Blick auf das Infragestellen steuerrechtlicher Grundlagen der Personengesellschaften einen „Sturm im Wasserglas“. Der Steuergesetzgeber hat nun klugerweise im Kreditzweitmarktförderungsgesetz vom 22.12.2023 einige steuerliche MoPeG-Folgefragen gelöst. Dies ist Anlass, zu Ehren von Gottfried Breuninger einen Blick auf die Personengesellschaftsbesteuerung im Jahre 2024 zu werfen.
Vom Mittelpunkt über die Willensbildung zur Betriebsstätte
Authors: Töben Thomas , Schrepp Caroline 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Verfasser analysieren die Rechtsprechung zur Auslegung des Begriffs des Ortes der Geschäftsleitung. Diese nimmt Bezug auf das Zivilrecht, namentlich § 17 Abs. 1 Satz2 ZPO betreffend den Gerichtsstand juristischer Personen. Die seit 1977 in § 10 AO enthaltene Legaldefinition „Geschäftsleitung ist der Mittelpunkt der geschäftlichen Oberleitung“ geht darüber hinaus auf Vorschriften zur Zuständigkeit der Finanzämter zurück. Der Ort der Geschäftsleitung liegt daher grundsätzlich dort, wo der Gesellschaft ein Büro zur Verfügung steht, wo die satzungsmäßigen Geschäftsführer erreichbar sind und wo die Verwaltung, das sog. Tagesgeschäft, der Gesellschaft geführt wird.
Die Entwicklungen in der Rechtsprechung zum Bauprozessrecht — Übersicht für das Jahr 2023
Authors: Schmeel Günter 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Rechtsprechungsübersicht knüpft an den Überblick in MDR 2023, 683 zu den prozessrechtlichen Besonderheiten im Bauvertragsrecht an und behandelt die einschlägigen Entscheidungen aus dem Jahre 2023.
Modeling soil moisture‐precipitation feedback in the Sahel: Importance of spatial scale versus convective parameterization
Authors: Taylor Christopher M. , Birch Cathryn E. , Parker Douglas J. , Dixon Nick , Guichard Françoise , Nikulin Grigory , Lister Grenville M. S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFeedback between soil moisture and precipitation influence climate variability in semiarid regions. However, serious concerns exist about the ability of coarse‐scale global atmospheric models to depict one key aspect of the feedback loop, namely the sensitivity of daytime convection to soil moisture. Here we compare regional simulations using a single model, run at different spatial resolutions, and with convective parameterizations switched on or off against Sahelian observations. Convection‐permitting simulations at 4 and 12 km capture the observed relationships between soil moisture and convective triggering, emphasizing the importance of surface‐driven mesoscale dynamics. However, with the inclusion of the convection scheme at 12 km, the behavior of the model fundamentally alters, switching from negative to positive feedback. Similar positive feedback is found in 9 out of 10 Regional Climate Models run at 50 km. These results raise questions about the accuracy of the feedback in regional models based on current convective parameterizations.
Frost flower aerosol effects on Arctic wintertime longwave cloud radiative forcing
Authors: Xu Li , Russell Lynn M. , Somerville Richard C. J. , Quinn Patricia K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFrost flowers are clusters of highly saline ice crystals growing on newly formed sea ice or frozen lakes. Based on observations of particles derived from frost flowers in the Arctic, we formulate an observation‐based parameterization of salt aerosol source function from frost flowers. The particle flux from frost flowers in winter has the order of 106 m−2 s−1 at the wind speed of 10 m s−1, but the source flux is highly localized to new sea ice regions and strongly dependent on wind speed. We have implemented this parameterization into the regional Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry initialized for two wintertime scenarios. The addition of sea salt aerosol emissions from frost flowers increases averaged sea salt aerosol mass and number concentration and subsequent cloud droplet number. This change of cloud droplet number concentration increases downward longwave cloud radiative forcing through enhanced cloud optical depth and emissivity. The magnitude of this forcing of sea salt aerosols from frost flowers on clouds and radiation, however, contributes negligibly to surface warming in Barrow, Alaska, in the wintertime scenarios studied here.
Motivational Incentives Improve Unfamiliar Face Matching Accuracy
Authors: Moore Rachel M. , Johnston Robert A. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryUnfamiliar face matching is the process of simultaneously verifying the equivalence of two faces. Accuracy within this task is crucial given its importance and prevalence in security domains. However, research has consistently demonstrated that unfamiliar face matching is error prone, suggesting the need for improvement techniques. Motivational incentives have been shown to reliably enhance performance on a wide array of cognitive tasks. Therefore, the current study examined the effect of motivational incentives on unfamiliar face matching. Experiment 1 showed increased accuracy in mismatch trials with the addition of a motivational incentive. The improvement was associated with an increase in reaction time and bias towards making a mismatch response. This bias, however, did not produce a decrease in accuracy on match trials. Experiment 2 replicated this result with a more ecologically valid methodology. The results suggest motivational incentives to be effective at improving performance on mismatch trials, arguably the most important aspect of real‐world unfamiliar face matching. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Magnetoclick Imidazolidinone Nanocatalyst for Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Pagoti Sreenivasarao , Dutta Debasish , Dash Jyotirmayee 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA 1,3‐dipolar azide–alkyne cycloaddition has been used to prepare a magnetic nanoparticle immobilized MacMillan catalyst that catalyzes the enantioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between nitrones and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The catalyst can be recovered and recycled for five consecutive runs without any significant loss in yields and diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities of the isoxazolidines.magnified image
A 2‐Benzothiazolylphenyl Group Accelerates the Intramolecular [2+2] Cycloaddition of Allene‐Ynes
Authors: Hori Hiroto , Arai Shigeru , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of allene‐ynes under thermal conditions with/without a metal complex is described. A key feature of this reaction is that a 2‐benzothiazolylphenyl group bearing a CC triple bonds remarkably promotes the reaction to give the corresponding cyclobutenes with or without metal catalysts.
Ontogeny of material stiffness heterogeneity in the macaque mandibular corpus
Authors: Daegling David J. , Granatosky Michael C. , McGraw W. Scott 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTEvidence is accumulating that bone material stiffness increases during ontogeny, and the role of elastic modulus in conditioning attributes of strength and toughness is therefore a focus of ongoing investigation. Developmental changes in structural properties of the primate mandible have been documented, but comparatively little is known about changes in material heterogeneity and their impact on biomechanical behavior.We examine a cross‐sectional sample of Macaca fascicularis (N = 14) to investigate a series of hypotheses that collectively evaluate whether the patterning of material stiffness (elastic modulus) heterogeneity in the mandible differs among juvenile, subadult and adult individuals. Because differences in age‐related activity patterns are known to influence bone stiffness and strength, these data are potentially useful for understanding the relationship between feeding behavior on the one hand and material and structural properties of the mandible on the other.Elastic modulus is shown to be spatially dependent regardless of age, with this dependence being explicable primarily by differences in alveolar versus basal cortical bone. Elastic modulus does not differ consistently between buccal and lingual cortical plates, despite likely differences in the biomechanical milieu of these regions. Since we found only weak support for the hypothesis that the spatial patterning of heterogeneity becomes more predictable with age, accumulated load history may not account for regional differences in bone material properties in mature individuals with respect to the mandibular corpus. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:297–304, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of Interferon‐ and Transforming Growth Factor β–Regulated Genes and Macrophage Activation With Systemic Sclerosis–Related Progressive Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Christmann Romy B. , Sampaio‐Barros Percival , Stifano Giuseppina , Borges Claudia L. , de Carvalho Carlos R. , Kairalla Ronaldo , Parra Edwin R. , Spira Avrum , Simms Robert , Capellozzi Vera L. , Lafyatis Robert 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveSystemic sclerosis (SSc)–related interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the leading causes of mortality. We undertook this study to analyze the gene expression of lung tissue in a prospective cohort of patients with SSc‐related ILD and to compare it with that in control lungs and with 2 prospective clinical parameters in order to understand the molecular pathways implicated in progressive lung disease.MethodsLung tissue was obtained by open lung biopsy in 28 consecutive patients with SSc‐related ILD and in 4 controls. High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and pulmonary function testing (PFT) were performed at baseline and 2–3 years after treatment based on lung histologic classification. Microarray analysis was performed, and the results were correlated with changes in the HRCT score (FibMax) and PFT values. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm differential levels of messenger RNA and protein.ResultsLung microarray data distinguished patients with SSc‐related ILD from healthy controls. In the lungs of patients with SSc‐related ILD who had nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), expressed genes included macrophage markers, chemokines, collagen, and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)– and interferon (IFN)–regulated genes. Expression of these genes correlated with progressive lung fibrosis defined by the change in FibMax. Immunohistochemistry confirmed increased markers of collagen (COL1A1), IFN (OAS1 and IFI44), and macrophages (CCL18 and CD163), and the positive correlation with the change in FibMax was confirmed by qPCR in a larger group of SSc patients with NSIP. Several genes correlated with both the change in FibMax (r > 0.4) and the change in % predicted forced vital capacity (r < −0.1), including IFN and macrophage markers, chemokines, and heat‐shock proteins.ConclusionThese results highlight major pathogenic pathways relevant to progressive pulmonary fibrosis in SSc‐related ILD: macrophage emigration and activation, and up‐regulated expression of TGFβ‐ and IFN‐regulated genes.
Inhibition of Myogenic MicroRNAs 1, 133, and 206 by Inflammatory Cytokines Links Inflammation and Muscle Degeneration in Adult Inflammatory Myopathies
Authors: Georgantas Robert W. , Streicher Katie , Greenberg Steven A. , Greenlees Lydia M. , Zhu Wei , Brohawn Philip Z. , Higgs Brandon W. , Czapiga Meggan , Morehouse Christopher A. , Amato Anthony , Richman Laura , Jallal Bahija , Yao Yihong , Ranade Koustubh 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveThe molecular basis of inflammatory myopathies such as dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis, which share the characteristics of chronic muscle inflammation and skeletal muscle wasting, are poorly understood. As such, effective targeted treatments for these diseases are lacking, resulting in critical unmet medical needs for these devastating diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify possible new targets for drug development by exploring the mechanism by which inflammation may play a role in the pathology of the inflammatory myopathies.MethodsWe compared expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and microRNAs (miRNAs) between muscle biopsy samples from patients with inflammatory myopathies and those from donors without myositis. In vitro human and mouse model systems were then used to characterize the role of these cytokines and microRNAs on myoblast‐to‐myocyte differentiation.ResultsWe observed increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon‐α (IFNα), IFNβ, and interleukin‐1β, in different subtypes of inflammatory myopathies. We observed decreased expression of microRNA‐1 (miR‐1), miR‐133a, and miR‐133b in all of the inflammatory myopathy subtypes we evaluated, as well as decreased expression of miR‐206 in DM; these miRNAs are essential for adult skeletal muscle differentiation and maintenance. TNFα was significantly inversely correlated with decreased myogenic miRNA expression in the inflammatory myopathy subtypes. In mechanistic studies, TNFα inhibited the expression of myogenic miRNAs and suppressed the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts to myocytes/myotubes in an NF‐κB–dependent manner. This block in differentiation by TNFα was relieved by overexpression of miR‐1, miR‐206, or miR‐133a/b.ConclusionTaken together, these results provide a new mechanistic link between the action of proinflammatory cytokines and the degenerative pathology of inflammatory myopathies, and suggest therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
Assessment of Joint and Fascia Manifestations in Chronic Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease
Authors: Inamoto Yoshihiro , Pidala Joseph , Chai Xiaoyu , Kurland Brenda F. , Weisdorf Daniel , Flowers Mary E. D. , Palmer Jeanne , Arai Sally , Jacobsohn David , Cutler Corey , Jagasia Madan , Goldberg Jenna D. , Martin Paul J. , Pavletic Steven Z. , Vogelsang Georgia B. , Lee Stephanie J. , Carpenter Paul A. ,   on behalf of the Chronic GVHD Consortium
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the usefulness of various scales for evaluating joint and fascia manifestations in patients with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, and to compare the scales in terms of simplicity of use and ability to yield reliable and clinically meaningful results.MethodsIn a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal, observational cohort of patients with chronic GVHD (n = 567), we evaluated 3 scales proposed for assessing joint status: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) joint/fascia scale, the Hopkins fascia scale, and the Photographic Range of Motion (P‐ROM) scale. Ten other scales were also tested for assessment of symptoms, quality of life, and physical functions.ResultsJoint and fascia manifestations were present at study enrollment in 164 (29%) of the patients. Limited range of motion was most frequent at the wrists or fingers. Among the 3 joint assessment scales, changes in the NIH scale correlated with both clinician‐ and patient‐perceived improvement of joint and fascia manifestations, with higher sensitivity than the Hopkins fascia scale. Changes in all 3 scales correlated with clinician‐ and patient‐perceived worsening, but the P‐ROM scale was the most sensitive in this regard. Onset of joint and fascia manifestations was not associated with subsequent mortality.ConclusionJoint and fascia manifestations are common in patients with chronic GVHD and should be assessed carefully in these patients. Our results support the use of the NIH joint/fascia scale and P‐ROM scale to assess joint and fascia manifestations. The NIH scale better captures improvement, while the P‐ROM scale better captures worsening. The utility of these scales could also be tested in the rheumatic diseases.