bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebriform connective tissue nevus of lumbar
Authors: Chen Jinbo , Chen Liuqing , Duan Yiqun , Li Dongsheng , Dong Bilin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractConnective tissue nevi represents a kind of hamartoma, and coalescence of the lesions in a cerebriform mode in the lumbar region without Proteus syndrome is rarely seen. Here, we report a 26‐year‐old woman presenting with nodules and plaques in her left lumbar region of 26 years in duration. Histopathological examination and Masson‐trichrome stain showed increased dermal collagen bundles in a haphazard array. The diagnosis of connective tissue nevi was made. This is the first case report on cerebriform connective tissue nevi without Proteus syndrome in the lumbar region.
Hemodialysis Immediately After Cardiac Catheterization Is a Risk Factor for Intradialytic Hypotension
Authors: Irifuku Taisuke , Naito Takayuki , Ogawa Takahiko , Shimizu Yuka , Maeoka Yujiro , Masaki Takao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMany hemodialysis clinicians have noticed that patients frequently develop intradialytic hypotension (IDH) immediately after cardiac catheterization (CC). However, precise data about the incidence of IDH immediately after CC are scarce. This study involved a single‐center, retrospective, cross‐sectional design. We reviewed the medical records of all HD patients who underwent CC between January 2009 and March 2012 at Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital. IDH was defined as a fall of systolic blood pressure of more than 20 mm Hg or a fall of mean blood pressure of more than 10 mm Hg, with symptoms according to the K/DOQI criteria. Data on a total of 112 patients were obtained: 64 patients commenced HD immediately after CC (IA group) and 48 patients underwent HD on the day after CC (ND group). The overall incidence of IDH was 34% (38/112). The incidence of IDH was significantly higher in the IA group than in the ND group (27/64, 42% vs. 11/48, 23%; P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IA (odds ratio, 5.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.76 to 16.49; P < 0.01), coronary stenosis (odds ratio, 4.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.49 to 11.64; P < 0.05) were independently associated with IDH. This study revealed that HD immediately after CC is associated with a higher incidence of IDH. Clinicians should consider that HD following CC be scheduled for the next day, especially in patients with coronary stenosis.
Proteins in aggregates functionally impact multiple neurodegenerative disease models by forming proteasome‐blocking complexes
Authors: Ayyadevara Srinivas , Balasubramaniam Meenakshisundaram , Gao Yuan , Yu Li‐Rong , Alla Ramani , Shmookler Reis Robert 
Published: December 2014

SummaryAge‐dependent neurodegenerative diseases progressively form aggregates containing both shared components (e.g., TDP‐43, phosphorylated tau) and proteins specific to each disease. We investigated whether diverse neuropathies might have additional aggregation‐prone proteins in common, discoverable by proteomics. Caenorhabditis elegans expressing unc‐54p/Q40::YFP, a model of polyglutamine array diseases such as Huntington's, accrues aggregates in muscle 2–6 days posthatch. These foci, isolated on antibody‐coupled magnetic beads, were characterized by high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Three Q40::YFP‐associated proteins were inferred to promote aggregation and cytotoxicity, traits reduced or delayed by their RNA interference knockdown. These RNAi treatments also retarded aggregation/cytotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease models, nematodes with muscle or pan‐neuronal Aβ1–42 expression and behavioral phenotypes. The most abundant aggregated proteins are glutamine/asparagine‐rich, favoring hydrophobic interactions with other random‐coil domains. A particularly potent modulator of aggregation, CRAM‐1/HYPK, contributed < 1% of protein aggregate peptides, yet its knockdown reduced Q40::YFP aggregates 72‒86% (P < 10−6). In worms expressing Aβ1–42, knockdown of cram‐1 reduced β‐amyloid 60% (P < 0.002) and slowed age‐dependent paralysis > 30% (P < 10−6). In wild‐type worms, cram‐1 knockdown reduced aggregation and extended lifespan, but impaired early reproduction. Protection against seeded aggregates requires proteasome function, implying that normal CRAM‐1 levels promote aggregation by interfering with proteasomal degradation of misfolded proteins. Molecular dynamic modeling predicts spontaneous and stable interactions of CRAM‐1 (or human orthologs) with ubiquitin, and we verified that CRAM‐1 reduces degradation of a tagged‐ubiquitin reporter. We propose that CRAM‐1 exemplifies a class of primitive chaperones that are initially protective and highly beneficial for early reproduction, but ultimately impair aggregate clearance and limit longevity.
Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptors α and γ are Linked with Alcohol Consumption in Mice and Withdrawal and Dependence in Humans
Authors: Blednov Yuri A. , Benavidez Jillian M. , Black Mendy , Ferguson Laura B. , Schoenhard Grant L. , Goate Alison M. , Edenberg Howard J. , Wetherill Leah , Hesselbrock Victor , Foroud Tatiana , Adron Harris R. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) agonists reduce voluntary ethanol (EtOH) consumption in rat models and are promising therapeutics in the treatment for drug addictions. We studied the effects of different classes of PPAR agonists on chronic EtOH intake and preference in mice with a genetic predisposition for high alcohol consumption and then examined human genomewide association data for polymorphisms in PPAR genes in alcohol‐dependent subjects.MethodsTwo different behavioral tests were used to measure intake of 15% EtOH in C57BL/6J male mice: 24‐hour 2‐bottle choice and limited access (3‐hour) 2‐bottle choice, drinking in the dark. We measured the effects of pioglitazone (10 and 30 mg/kg), fenofibrate (50 and 150 mg/kg), GW0742 (10 mg/kg), tesaglitazar (1.5 mg/kg), and bezafibrate (25 and 75 mg/kg) on EtOH intake and preference. Fenofibric acid, the active metabolite of fenofibrate, was quantified in mouse plasma, liver, and brain by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Data from a human genome‐wide association study (GWAS) completed in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) were then used to analyze the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in different PPAR genes (PPARA, PPARD, PPARG, and PPARGC1A) with 2 phenotypes: DSM‐IV alcohol dependence (AD) and the DSM‐IV criterion of withdrawal.ResultsActivation of 2 isoforms of PPARs, α and γ, reduced EtOH intake and preference in the 2 different consumption tests in mice. However, a selective PPARδ agonist or a pan agonist for all 3 PPAR isoforms did not decrease EtOH consumption. Fenofibric acid, the active metabolite of the PPARα agonist fenofibrate, was detected in liver, plasma, and brain after 1 or 8 days of oral treatment. The GWAS from COGA supported an association of SNPs in PPARA and PPARG with alcohol withdrawal and PPARGC1A with AD but found no association for PPARD with either phenotype.ConclusionsWe provide convergent evidence using both mouse and human data for specific PPARs in alcohol action. Reduced EtOH intake in mice and the genetic association between AD or withdrawal in humans highlight the potential for repurposing FDA‐approved PPARα or PPARγ agonists for the treatment of AD.
A longitudinal comparison of retention in buprenorphine and methadone treatment for opioid dependence in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Burns Lucy , Gisev Natasa , Larney Sarah , Dobbins Timothy , Gibson Amy , Kimber Jo , Larance Briony , Mattick Richard P. , Butler Tony , Degenhardt Louisa 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsTo examine characteristics of first‐time methadone and buprenorphine clients and factors associated with risk of leaving first treatment in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.DesignRetrospective linkage study of opioid substitution therapy (OST) treatment, court, custody and mortality data.SettingNSW, Australia.ParticipantsFirst‐time OST entrants (August 2001–December 2010).MeasurementsCharacteristics of clients were examined. Time‐dependent Cox models examined factors associated with the risk of leaving first treatment, with demographic, criminographic and treatment variables jointly considered. Interactions between medication and other variables upon risk of leaving treatment were examined.FindingsThere were 15 600 treatment entrants: 7183 (46%) commenced buprenorphine, 8417 (54%) commenced methadone; the proportion entering buprenorphine increased over time. Those starting buprenorphine switched medications more frequently and had more subsequent treatment episodes. Buprenorphine retention was also poorer. On average, 44% spent 3+ months in treatment compared with 70% of those commencing methadone; however, buprenorphine retention for first‐time entrants improved over time, whereas methadone retention did not. Multivariable Cox models indicated that in addition to sex, age, treatment setting and criminographic variables, the risk of leaving a first treatment episode was greater on any given day for those receiving buprenorphine, and was dependent on the year treatment was initiated. There was no interaction between any demographic variables and medication received, suggesting no clear evidence of any particular groups for whom each medication might be better suited in terms of improving retention.ConclusionsAlthough retention rates for buprenorphine treatment have improved in New South Wales, Australia, individuals starting methadone treatment still show higher retention rates.
Adolescents’ exposure to tobacco and alcohol content in YouTube music videos
Authors: Cranwell Jo , Murray Rachael , Lewis Sarah , Leonardi‐Bee Jo , Dockrell Martin , Britton John 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimsTo quantify tobacco and alcohol content, including branding, in popular contemporary YouTube music videos; and measure adolescent exposure to such content.DesignTen‐second interval content analysis of alcohol, tobacco or electronic cigarette imagery in all UK Top 40 YouTube music videos during a 12‐week period in 2013/14; on‐line national survey of adolescent viewing of the 32 most popular high‐content videos.SettingGreat Britain.ParticipantsA total of 2068 adolescents aged 11–18 years who completed an on‐line survey.MeasurementsOccurrence of alcohol, tobacco and electronic cigarette use, implied use, paraphernalia or branding in music videos and proportions and estimated numbers of adolescents who had watched sampled videos.FindingsAlcohol imagery appeared in 45% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 33–51%] of all videos, tobacco in 22% (95% CI = 13–27%) and electronic cigarettes in 2% (95% CI = 0–4%). Alcohol branding appeared in 7% (95% CI = 2–11%) of videos, tobacco branding in 4% (95% CI = 0–7%) and electronic cigarettes in 1% (95% CI = 0–3%). The most frequently observed alcohol, tobacco and electronic cigarette brands were, respectively, Absolut Tune, Marlboro and E‐Lites. At least one of the 32 most popular music videos containing alcohol or tobacco content had been seen by 81% (95% CI = 79%, 83%) of adolescents surveyed, and of these 87% (95% CI = 85%, 89%) had re‐watched at least one video. The average number of videos seen was 7.1 (95% CI = 6.8, 7.4). Girls were more likely to watch and also re‐watch the videos than boys, P < 0.001.ConclusionsPopular YouTube music videos watched by a large number of British adolescents, particularly girls, include significant tobacco and alcohol content, including branding.
Genomic regions influencing coat color saturation and facial markings in Fleckvieh cattle
Authors: Mészáros Gábor , Petautschnig Elisabeth , Schwarzenbacher Hermann , Sölkner Johann 
Published: December 2014

SummaryGenomic regions associated with coat color and pigmented areas of the head were identified for Fleckvieh (dual‐purpose Simmental), a red‐spotted and white‐headed cattle breed. Coat color was measured with a chromameter, implementing the CIELAB color space and resulting in numerical representation of lightness, color intensity, red/green and blue/yellow color components, rather than subjective classification. Single marker regression analyses with fixed effects of the sex and barn were applied, and significant regions were determined with the local false discovery rate methodology. The PMEL and ERBB3 genes on chromosome 5 were in the most significant region for the color measurements. In addition to the blue/yellow color component and color intensity, the AP3B2 gene on chromosome 21 was identified. Its function was confirmed for similar traits in a range of model species. The KIT gene on chromosome 6 was found to be strongly associated with the inhibition of circum‐ocular pigmentation and pigmented spots on the cheek.
Imputation accuracy is robust to cattle reference genome updates
Authors: Milanesi M. , Vicario D. , Stella A. , Valentini A. , Ajmone‐Marsan P. , Biffani S. , Biscarini F. , Jansen G. , Nicolazzi E. L. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryGenotype imputation is routinely applied in a large number of cattle breeds. Imputation has become a need due to the large number of SNP arrays with variable density (currently, from 2900 to 777 962 SNPs). Although many authors have studied the effect of different statistical methods on imputation accuracy, the impact of a (likely) change in the reference genome assembly on imputation from lower to higher density has not been determined so far. In this work, 1021 Italian Simmental SNP genotypes were remapped on the three most recent reference genome assemblies. Four imputation methods were used to assess the impact of an update in the reference genome. As expected, the four methods behaved differently, with large differences in terms of accuracy. Updating SNP coordinates on the three tested cattle reference genome assemblies determined only a slight variation on imputation results within method.
Genetic diversity of donkey populations from the putative centers of domestication
Authors: Rosenbom S. , Costa V. , Al‐Araimi N. , Kefena E. , Abdel‐Moneim A. S. , Abdalla M. A. , Bakhiet A. , Beja‐Pereira A. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryDonkey domestication drastically changed ancient transport systems in Africa and Asia, enabling overland circulation of people and goods and influencing the organization of early cities and pastoral societies. Genetic studies based on mtDNA have pointed to the African wild ass as the most probable ancestor of the domestic donkey, but questions regarding its center of origin remain unanswered. Endeavoring to pinpoint the geographical origin of domestic donkey, we assessed levels and patterns of genetic diversity at 15 microsatellite loci from eight populations, representing its three hypothesized centers of origin: northeast Africa, the Near East and the Arabian Peninsula. Additionally, we compared the donkey genotypes with those from their wild relative, the African wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis) to visualize patterns of differentiation among wild and domestic individuals. Obtained results revealed limited variation in levels of unbiased expected heterozygosity across populations in studied geographic regions (ranging from 0.637 in northeast Africa to 0.679 in the Near East). Both allelic richness (Ar) and private allelic richness presented considerably higher values in northeast Africa and in the Arabian Peninsula. By looking at variation at the country level, for each region, we were able to identify Sudan and Yemen as the countries possessing higher allelic richness and, cumulatively, Yemen also presented higher values for private allelic richness. Our results support previously proposed northeast Africa as a putative center of origin, but the high levels of unique diversity in Yemen opens the possibility of considering this region as yet another center of origin for this species.
A mutation study of sperm head shape and motility in the mouse: lessons for the clinic
Authors: de Boer P. , de Vries M. , Ramos L. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryMouse mutants that show effects on sperm head shape, the sperm tail (flagellum), and motility were analysed in a systematic way. This was achieved by grouping mutations in the following classes: manchette, acrosome, Sertoli cell contact, chromatin remodelling, and mutations involved in complex regulations such as protein (de)phosphorylation and RNA stability, and flagellum/motility mutations. For all mutant phenotypes, flagellum function (motility) was affected. Head shape, including the nucleus, was also affected in spermatozoa of most mouse models, though with considerable variation. For the mutants that were categorized in the flagellum/motility group, generally normal head shapes were found, even when the flagellum did not develop or only poorly so. Most mutants are sterile, an occasional one semi‐sterile. For completeness, the influence of the sex chromosomes on sperm phenotype is included. Functionally, the genes involved can be categorized as regulators of spermiogenesis. When extrapolating these data to human sperm samples, in vivo selection for motility would be the tool for weeding out the products of suboptimal spermiogenesis and epididymal sperm maturation. The striking dependency of motility on proper sperm head development is not easy to understand, but likely is of evolutionary benefit. Also, sperm competition after mating can never act against the long‐term multi‐generation interest of genetic integrity. Hence, it is plausible to suggest that short‐term haplophase fitness i.e., motility, is developmentally integrated with proper nucleus maturation, including genetic integrity to protect multi‐generation fitness. We hypothesize that, when the prime defect is in flagellum formation, apparently a feedback loop was not necessary as head morphogenesis in these mutants is mostly normal. Extrapolating to human‐assisted reproductive techniques practice, this analysis would supply the arguments for the development of tools to select for motility as a continuous (non‐discrete) parameter.
Contribution of rivaroxaban to the international normalized ratio when switching to warfarin for anticoagulation as determined by simulation studies
Authors: Siegmund Hans‐Ulrich , Burghaus Rolf , Kubitza Dagmar , Coboeken Katrin 
Published: December 2014

AimThis study evaluated the influence of rivaroxaban 20 mg once daily on international normalized ratio (INR) during the co‐administration period when switching from rivaroxaban to warfarin.MethodsWe developed a calibrated coagulation model that was qualified with phase I clinical data. Prothrombin time and INR values were simulated by use of phospholipid concentrations that matched Neoplastin Plus® and Innovin® reagents. To simulate the combined effects of rivaroxaban and warfarin on INR during switching, warfarin initiation was simulated by adjusting the magnitude of the warfarin effect to reach the desired target INRs over the course of 21 days. The warfarin effect values (obtained every 6 h) and the desired rivaroxaban plasma concentrations were used. Nomograms were generated from rivaroxaban induced increases in INR.ResultsThe simulation had good prediction quality. Rivaroxaban induced increases in the total INR from the warfarin attributed INR were seen, which increased with rivaroxaban plasma concentration. When the warfarin only INR was 2.0–3.0, the INR contribution of rivaroxaban with Neoplastin Plus® was 0.5–1.2, decreasing to 0.3–0.6 with Innovin® at median trough rivaroxaban plasma concentrations (38 μg l−1).ConclusionsThe data indicate that measuring warfarin induced changes in INR are best performed at trough rivaroxaban concentrations (24 h after rivaroxaban dosing) during the co‐administration period when switching from rivaroxaban to warfarin. Furthermore, Innovin® is preferable to Neoplastin Plus® because of its substantially lower sensitivity to rivaroxaban, thereby reducing the influence of rivaroxaban on the measured INR.
How reliable are case formulations? A systematic literature review
Authors: Flinn Lucinda , Braham Louise , das Nair Roshan 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesThis systematic literature review investigated the inter‐rater and test–retest reliability of case formulations. We considered the reliability of case formulations across a range of theoretical modalities and the general quality of the primary research studies.MethodsA systematic search of five electronic databases was conducted in addition to reference list trawling to find studies that assessed the reliability of case formulation. This yielded 18 studies for review. A methodological quality assessment tool was developed to assess the quality of studies, which informed interpretation of the findings.ResultsResults indicated inter‐rater reliability mainly ranging from slight (.1–.4) to substantial (.81–1.0). Some studies highlighted that training and increased experience led to higher levels of agreement. In general, psychodynamic formulations appeared to generate somewhat increased levels of reliability than cognitive or behavioural formulations; however, these studies also included methods that may have served to inflate reliability, for example, pooling the scores of judges. Only one study investigated the test–retest reliability of case formulations yielding support for the stability of formulations over a 3‐month period.ConclusionsReliability of case formulations is varied across a range of theoretical modalities, but can be improved; however, further research is required to strengthen our conclusions.Practitioner pointsClinical implications

The findings from the review evidence some support for case formulation being congruent with the scientist‐practitioner approach.

The reliability of case formulation is likely to be improved through training and clinical experience.

Limitations

The broad inclusion criteria may have introduced heterogeneity into the sample, which may have affected the results.

Studies reviewed were limited to peer‐reviewed journal articles written in the English language, which may represent a source of publication and selection bias.
MicroRNAs as a potential tool in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Wei‐Jun , Shen Chen‐Tian , Song Hong‐Jun , Qiu Zhong‐Ling , Luo Quan‐Yong 
Published: December 2014

SummaryObjectiveThyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and its incidence has been increasing over the last 30 years. Several studies have suggested that miRNAs may play a significant role in the differential diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid nodules. To systematically evaluate the utility of miRNAs in discriminating malignant thyroid nodules from benign ones on fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples, a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the published literatures were carried out.Patients and DesignThree hundred and sixty‐one samples, obtained from 341 patients, were included in the research, and summary sensitivities (SEN), specificities (SPE), positive likelihood ratios, negative likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. Then, summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROCs) and areas under the SROC curves (AUCs) were calculated to further estimate the overall diagnostic value of miRNAs in thyroid cancer.ResultsThe overall pooled SEN, SPE and AUC are 0·75, 0·81 and 0·89, respectively. For multiple miRNAs assays, the pooled SEN, SPE and AUC are 0·87, 0·75 and 0·68, respectively. For single miRNA assays, the corresponding results are 0·71, 0·84 and 0·87, respectively. The corresponding statistical results for differentiating indeterminate FNAB samples are 0·92, 0·68 and 0·86, respectively.ConclusionOur current meta‐analysis suggests that miRNAs may serve as a novel diagnostic tool in distinguishing malignant thyroid nodules from benign ones on FNAB specimens. In addition, subgroup analysis suggests that a panel of miRNAs may have a higher sensitivity but a relatively lower specificity than that of single miRNA in distinguishing thyroid nodules.