bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Past Occupational Dust Exposure, Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety in Retired Chinese Factory Workers: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Qiu‐Hong , Jiang Chao‐Qiang , Lam Tai‐Hing , Xu Lin , Jin Ya‐Li , Cheng Kar‐Keung 
Published: September 2014

Past Occupational Dust Exposure, Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety in Retired Chinese Factory Workers: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study: Qiu‐Hong LIN, et al. Guangzhou No. 12 Hospital, Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Centre, P.R. China—ObjectiveFew studies have systematically investigated the impact of past occupational dust exposure on mental health. We examined whether retired factory workers exposed to any of the 4 dusts of silica, cement, coal and asbestos had more depressive symptoms and anxiety in southern China, which has experienced rapid economic development.MethodsWe used data from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study phase 3. Exposures, lifestyle, symptoms and medical history of the participants were assessed with a structured interview. Self‐reported intensity and duration of past occupational dust exposure were used to derive cumulative exposure. Outcome measures were assessed by the 15‐item Chinese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (score ≥5) and the single‐item on anxiety.ResultsThe results revealed that 359 workers were exposed to at least one of the 4 dusts and that 1,253 were unexposed (controls). After adjustment of multiple confounders, greater risks of depressive symptoms were associated with high exposure to silica (odds ratio (OR) of 3.12, 95% CI of 1.17−8.31) and asbestos (OR of 6.90; CI of 1.29−36.75). Risks of anxiety were higher in those with low or high exposures to dust (OR of 2.01 and CI of 1.04−3.87 and OR of 2.29 and CI of 1.30−4.03, respectively) and cement (OR of 3.20 and CI of 1.27−8.07 and OR of 2.30 and CI of 1.09−4.87, respectively), and those with high exposure to silica (OR of 5.29, CI of 1.76−15.92).ConclusionsPast occupational exposures to silica, cement, coal and asbestos dusts were associated with adverse mental health outcomes in retired factory workers. The mechanism underlying the relationship between occupational exposures and psychological symptoms in later life needs to be further studied.
Electronic structures and optical properties of cuprous oxide and hydroxide
Authors: Li Yunguo , Lousada Cláudio M. , Korzhavyi Pavel A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe broad range of applications of copper, including areas such as electronics, fuel cells, and spent nuclear fuel disposal, require accurate description of the physical and chemical properties of copper compounds. Within some of these applications, cuprous hydroxide is a compound whose relevance has been recently discovered. Its existence in the solid-state form was recently reported. Experimental determination of its physical-chemical properties is challenging due to its instability and poop crystallinity. Within the framework of density functional theory calculations (DFT), we investigated the nature of bonding, electronic spectra, and optical properties of the cuprous oxide and cuprous hydroxide. It is found that the hybrid functional PBE0 can accurately describe the electronic structure and optical properties of these two copper(I) compounds. The calculated properties of cuprous oxide are in good agreement with the experimental data and other theoretical results. The structure of cuprous hydroxide can be deduced from that of cuprous oxide by substituting half Cu+ in Cu2O lattice with protons. Compared to Cu2O, the presence of hydrogen in CuOH has little effect on the ionic nature of Cu–O bonding, but lowers the energy levels of the occupied states. Thus, CuOH is calculated to have a wider indirect band gap of 2.73 eV compared with the Cu2O band gap of 2.17 eV.
Challenges Confronting High Temperature Superconducting Materials: From Nanoscale Theories to Exascale Energy Applications
Authors: Grant Paul Michael 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWe review the present state of the understanding and application of high temperature superconductor materials ranging from attempts to clarify pairing mechanisms on the energy scale of a few milli-electron-volts to their use to embody terra-kwh continental wide deployment within the electricity enterprise. Examples include the use of density functional theory to study the relative roles of spin-fluctuation and/or lattice vibration induced Cooper pairing to modelling the incorporation of long distance HTSC transmission cables within the same natural gas pipeline rights-of-way infrastructure now emerging worldwide.
Comparison of Pr-doped Ca 122 and Ca 112 Pnictides by Low-field Microwave Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Howard Austin R. , Yuen Jonathan D. , Lv Bing , Salamon Myron , Chu Ching-Wu , Zakhidov Anvar A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTPraseodymium doped CaFe2As2 (122 structure) and CaFeAs2 (112 structure) are characterized by modulated Low Magnetic Field Microwave Absorption (LFMA) spectroscopy. In both (Pr,Ca)122 and (Pr,Ca)112 structures, a strong hysteretic LFMA is found, with a TcH of ∼30 K and ∼26 K, respectively. However, in (Pr,Ca)122, measurements also show an unusual Narrow Peak (NP) LFMA signal appearing at higher temperatures, above the lower TcH superconducting state until a TcNP of 49 K. We associate this NP LFMA with interfacial superconductivity, which has been found previously by highly anisotropic magnetization measurements. Furthermore, the absence of NP in (Pr,Ca)112 correlates with the absence of an interfacial phase. These results give useful information about the microwave signature of interfacial superconductivity present in the (Pr,Ca)122 system, and may form a roadmap towards a stabilized high temperature superconducting phase in pnictides.
Open Access Resources for Crystallography Education in Interdisciplinary College Courses: Crystallographic Databases and 3D Printed Models
Authors: Moeck Peter , Stone-Sundberg Jennifer , Snyder Trevor J. , Kaminsky Werner 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTComplementing a multitude of activities around the International Year of Crystallography, we report here on a few resources that are helpful for integrating basic crystallography into interdisciplinary college education. We concentrate on four resources with which we are directly involved. The Crystallography Open Database (COD) features currently more than 295,000 entries and has over the last decade developed into the world’s premier open-access source for the structures of small molecules and small to medium sized unit cell crystals. ‘Educational offshoots’ of the COD with approximately a thousand entries combined provide structural information on small molecules, selected macromolecules, crystal structures, grain boundaries, and crystal morphologies in the well documented Crystallographic Information Framework (CIF) file format. This information can be displayed interactively on the website http://nanocrystallography.research.pdx.edu and freely downloaded. Files that allow for the printing of selected database entries on any 3D printer have been added to this site and are also freely downloadable. These files were created with the programs Cif2VRML and WinXMorph that convert CIF files directly into 3D printing files. Interested college educators are invited to visit our open access crystallography resource portal and suggest other resources that should receive wider exposure over this portal.
Study, Design and Construction of an Early Warning Environmental Radiation Monitoring Station
Authors: Thieu Dang Quang , Toan Tran Ngoc , My Nguyen Thi Bao , Sy Nguyen Van , Tien Vu Van , Mai Nguyen Thi Thuy , Cuong Le Dinh 
Published: September 2014

We report on the design and construction of an Early Warning Environmental Radiation Monitoring Station (EWERMS), used ONLINE in the environmental radiation monitoring and early warning network. It has a high sensitivity and can send a prompt alarm signal via Internet to the emergency management office. It includes four gamma probes: one NaI(Tl) and three Geiger Mueller (GM) detectors. The NaI(TL) detector is used to monitor spectrum environmental radiation and measure the isotopic composition, the GM detectors are used to detect and measure high gamma ray rates. The instrument has been designed to be used outdoor and tolerate large and rapid temperature variations. The photomultiplier tubes (PMT), amplifiers and Analog To Digital (ADC) gains are stabilized using pulsed LEDs as precision reference light sources.
Adsorption of a Switchable Cationic Surfactant on Natural Carbonate Minerals
Authors: Cui Leyu , Ma Kun , Abdala Ahmed A. , Lu Lucas J. , Tanakov Ivan , Biswal Sibani L. , Hirasaki George J. 
Published: September 2014

Summary
A switchable cationic surfactant (e.g., tertiary amine surfactant Ethomeen C12) was previously described as a surfactant that one can inject in high-pressure carbon dioxide (CO2) for foam-mobility control. C12 can dissolve in high-pressure CO2 as a nonionic surfactant and equilibrate with brine as a cationic surfactant. Here, we describe the adsorption characteristics of this surfactant in carbonate-formation materials. The adsorption of this surfactant is sensitive to the equilibrium pH, the electrolyte composition of the brine, and the minerals in carbonate-formation materials.
Pure C12 is a nonionic surfactant. When it is mixed with brine, the solution has a high pH and limited solubility. However, when the surfactant solution in brine is equilibrated with high-pressure CO2, the pH is approximately 4; the surfactant switches to a cationic surfactant and becomes soluble. Thus, the adsorption is also a function of pH. The adsorption of C12 on calcite at low pH is low (e.g., 0.5 mg/m2). However, if the carbonate formation contains silica or clays, the adsorption is high, as is typical for cationic surfactants. The adsorption of C12 on silica decreases with an increase in divalent (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and trivalent (Al3+) cations. This is because of the competition for the negatively charged silica sites between the multivalent cations and the monovalent cationic surfactant. An additional effect of the presence of divalent cations in the brine is that it reduces the dissolution of calcite or dolomite in the presence of high-pressure CO2. The dissolution of calcite and dolomite is harmful because of formation damage and increased alkalinity. The latter raises the pH and thus increases the adsorption of C12 or even causes surfactant precipitation.
Qualitative study of the information expectations of clients accessing oncology care at a tertiary referral center for dogs with life-limiting cancer
Authors: Stoewen Debbie L. , Coe Jason B. , MacMartin Clare , Stone Elizabeth A. , Dewey Catherine E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the content aspects of the information expectations of clients accessing oncology care services at a tertiary referral center for dogs with life-limiting cancer.
Design—Qualitative analysis of data acquired during in-person single and dyadic interviews.
Sample—43 dog owners participating in 30 interviews.
Procedures—Independent in-person interviews were conducted with standardized open- and closed-ended questions from April to October 2009. Thematic analysis was performed on transcripts of the interview discussions.
Results—For the clients, the central qualification was that the information given had to be the truth. Information was expected about all aspects of their dog's cancer and its treatment, varying in relation to clients’ basic understanding of cancer, their previous experience with cancer, and their information preferences. Provision of information generated the trust and confidence necessary to engage in treatment, the ability to make informed decisions, and the ability to be prepared for the future. Provision of information also engendered a sense of control and capability and fostered hope.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—When dealing with owners of dogs with life-limiting cancer, results indicated that in addition to abiding by the principle of truth-telling, it is important for health-care service providers to ascertain clients’ understanding of and experiences with cancer as well as their information preferences and thereby adopt a tailored approach to information giving. Provision of information enabled client action and patient intervention but also enhanced clients’ psychosocial well-being. Veterinary healthcare service providers can purposely provide information to build and sustain clients’ ability to successfully cope with their pet's condition.
Global scaling for semi-quantitative analysis in FP-CIT SPECT
Authors: Lange C. , Ulrich G. , Amthauer H. , Brenner W. , Kupitz D. , Apostolova I. , Buchert R. 
Published: September 2014

SummarySemi-quantitative characterization of dopamine transporter availability from single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 123I-ioflupane (FP-CIT) is based on uptake ratios relative to a reference region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the whole brain as reference region for semiquantitative analysis of FP-CIT SPECT. The rationale was that this might reduce statistical noise associated with the estimation of non-displaceable FP-CIT uptake. Patients, methods: 150 FP-CIT SPECTs were categorized as neurodegenerative or non-neurode- generative by an expert. Semi-quantitative analysis of specific binding ratios (SBR) was performed with a custom-made tool based on the Statistical Parametric Mapping software package using predefined regions of interest (ROIs) in the anatomical space of the Montreal Neurological Institute. The following reference regions were compared: predefined ROIs for frontal and occipital lobe and whole brain (without striata, thalamus and brainstem). Tracer uptake in the reference region was characterized by the mean, median or 75th percentile of its voxel intensities. The area (AUC) under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used as performance measure. Results: The highest AUC of 0.973 was achieved by the SBR of the putamen with the 75th percentile in the whole brain as reference. The lowest AUC for the putamen SBR of 0.937 was obtained with the mean in the frontal lobe as reference. Conclusion: We recommend the 75th percentile in the whole brain as reference for semi-quantitative analysis in FP-CIT SPECT. This combination provided the best agreement of the semi-quantitative analysis with visual evaluation of the SPECT images by an expert and, therefore, is appropriate to support less experienced physicians.
TRIF Signaling Drives Homeostatic Intestinal Epithelial Antimicrobial Peptide Expression
Authors: Stockinger Silvia , Duerr Claudia U. , Fulde Marcus , Dolowschiak Tamas , Pott Johanna , Yang Ines , Eibach Daniel , Bäckhed Fredrik , Akira Shizuo , Suerbaum Sebastian , Brugman Martijn , Hornef Mathias W. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Recent results indicate a significant contribution of innate immune signaling to maintain mucosal homeostasis, but the precise underlying signal transduction pathways are ill-defined. By comparative analysis of intestinal epithelial cells isolated from conventionally raised and germ-free mice, as well as animals deficient in the adaptor molecules MyD88 and TRIF, the TLR3 and TLR4, as well as the type I and III IFN receptors, we demonstrate significant TLR-mediated signaling under homeostatic conditions. Surprisingly, homeostatic expression of Reg3γ and Paneth cell enteric antimicrobial peptides critically relied on TRIF and, in part, TLR3 but was independent of IFN receptor signaling. Reduced antimicrobial peptide expression was associated with significantly lower numbers of Paneth cells and a reduced Paneth cell maturation and differentiation factor expression in TRIF mutant compared with wild-type epithelium. This phenotype was not transferred to TRIF-sufficient germ-free animals during cohousing. Low antimicrobial peptide expression in TRIF-deficient mice caused reduced immediate killing of orally administered bacteria but was not associated with significant alterations in the overall composition of the enteric microbiota. The phenotype was rapidly restored in a TRIF-independent fashion after transient epithelial damage. Our results identify TRIF signaling as a truly homeostatic pathway to maintain intestinal epithelial barrier function revealing fundamental differences in the innate immune signaling between mucosal homeostasis and tissue repair.
TLR2-Dependent Activation of β-Catenin Pathway in Dendritic Cells Induces Regulatory Responses and Attenuates Autoimmune Inflammation
Authors: Manoharan Indumathi , Hong Yuan , Suryawanshi Amol , Angus-Hill Melinda L. , Sun Zuoming , Mellor Andrew L. , Munn David H. , Manicassamy Santhakumar 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) sense microbes via multiple innate receptors. Signals from different innate receptors are coordinated and integrated by DCs to generate specific innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens. Previously, we have shown that two pathogen recognition receptors, TLR2 and dectin-1, which recognize the same microbial stimulus (zymosan) on DCs, induce mutually antagonistic regulatory or inflammatory responses, respectively. How diametric signals from these two receptors are coordinated in DCs to regulate or incite immunity is not known. In this study, we show that TLR2 signaling via AKT activates the β-catenin/T cell factor 4 pathway in DCs and programs them to drive T regulatory cell differentiation. Activation of β-catenin/T cell factor 4 was critical to induce regulatory molecules IL-10 (Il-10) and vitamin A metabolizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Aldh1a2) and to suppress proinflammatory cytokines. Deletion of β-catenin in DCs programmed them to drive Th17/Th1 cell differentiation in response to zymosan. Consistent with these findings, activation of the β-catenin pathway in DCs suppressed chronic inflammation and protected mice from Th17/Th1-mediated autoimmune neuroinflammation. Thus, activation of β-catenin in DCs via the TLR2 receptor is a novel mechanism in DCs that regulates autoimmune inflammation.
Eosinophil-Derived IL-10 Supports Chronic Nematode Infection
Authors: Huang Lu , Gebreselassie Nebiat G. , Gagliardo Lucille F. , Ruyechan Maura C. , Lee Nancy A. , Lee James J. , Appleton Judith A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Eosinophilia is a feature of the host immune response that distinguishes parasitic worms from other pathogens, yet a discrete function for eosinophils in worm infection has been elusive. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism(s) underlying the striking and unexpected observation that eosinophils protect intracellular, muscle-stage Trichinella spiralis larvae against NO-mediated killing. Our findings indicate that eosinophils are specifically recruited to sites of infection at the earliest stage of muscle infection, consistent with a local response to injury. Early recruitment is essential for larval survival. By producing IL-10 at the initiation of infection, eosinophils expand IL-10+ myeloid dendritic cells and CD4+ IL-10+ T lymphocytes that inhibit inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression and protect intracellular larvae. The results document a novel immunoregulatory function of eosinophils in helminth infection, in which eosinophil-derived IL-10 drives immune responses that eventually limit local NO production. In this way, the parasite co-opts an immune response in a way that enhances its own survival.
Community-physician-based versus hospital-based antenatal care: A comparison of patient satisfaction
Authors: Phaladi-Digamela Mauwane R. 
Published: September 2014

Background: Strategies to meet the healthcare needs of pregnant women are made available throughout antenatal, intra-partum and post-natal periods. These strategies are aimed at reducing perinatal and maternal mortality amongst women who access and utilise healthcare at an early stage. Late visits with irregular antenatal attendance result in failure to adequately use antenatal interventions.Objectives: This study intended to compare and describe the level of patient satisfaction with antenatal care between two groups of women who received free antenatal care from community private physicians and public midwives.Methods: A quantitative comparative descriptive design with a Likert-scale measure was used. Sixty women, half from each group, participated in the study. Structured questionnaires with closed-ended response options were used to obtain data.Results: The midwives’ group was less satisfied with antenatal care than the physicians’ group, with the former citing long waiting times as contributing to their dissatisfaction with antenatal care.Conclusion: Addressing long waiting times improves satisfaction with antenatal care. Daily antenatal visits, rather than visits on a specific day, may reduce long waiting times as women’s visits are spread over all clinic days. Satisfaction with antenatal care has implications for access to healthcare, resulting in positive pregnancy outcomes. Agtergrond: Strategieё om in die gesondheidsorgbehoeftes van swanger vroue te voorsien, word dwarsdeur die voorgeboorte, intra-partum en nageboorte periodes beskikbaar gestel. Hierdie strategieё beoog om die perinatale en moederlike sterfstesyfers te verlaag onder vroue wie reeds op ’n vroeë stadium gesondheidsorg benut. Onreёlmatige en laat voorgeboortebesoeke lei daartoe dat voorgeboorte ingrypings nie voldoende benut word nie.Doelwitte: Hierdie studie het beoog om twee groepe vroue se vlak van tevredenheid met die gratis voorgeboortesorg wat hul by privaat praktisyns uit die gemeenskap en vroedvroue uit die openbare sektor ontvang het, te vergelyk en beskryf.Metode: ’n Kwantitatiewe vergelykende beskrywende ontwerp met ’n Likert-skaal is gebruik. Sestig vroue, die helfte van elke groep, het aan die studie deelgeneem. Gestruktureerde vraelyste met geslote-vrae opsies is gebruik om die data te verkry.Resultate: Die praktisyns se groep was meer tevrede met die voorgeboortesorg as die vroedvroue se groep, veral ten opsigte van wagtye.Gevolgtrekkings: Deur die probleem van wagtye aan te spreek, kan die tevredenheid met voorgeboortesorg verhoog word. Daaglikse voorgeboortesorgbesoeke, eerder as besoeke op spesifieke dae, kan lang wagtye verminder aangesien besoeke dan oor al die kliniekdae versprei word. Tevredenheid met voorgeboortesorg hou implikasies in vir toegang tot gesondheidsorg, wat positiewe swangerskapsuitkomste tot gevolg het.
Lifting Divisors on a Generic Chain of Loops
Authors: Cartwright Dustin , Jensen David , Payne Sam 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLet C be a curve over a complete valued field having an infinite residue field and whose skeleton is a chain of loops with generic edge lengths. We prove that any divisor on the chain of loops that is rational over the value group lifts to a divisor of the same rank on C, confirming a conjecture of Cools, Draisma, Robeva, and the third author.
Contra omega\ beta-continuity
Authors: Aljarrah Hiam H. , Md. Noorani Mohd. Salmi , Noiri Takashi 
Published: September 2014

This paper is dealing with the application of the notion of omega\beta-opensets in topological spaces to present and study a new class of functions called contra omega\beta-continuous functions. This notion is a weak form of contra-continuity. We also discuss the relationships between this new class and other classes of functions and some examples of applications are shown.