bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Budgets and Riverine Phosphorus Export in Northwestern Ohio Watersheds
Authors: Baker David B. , Richards R. Peter 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPhosphorus (P) budgets for large watersheds are often used to predict trends in riverine P export. To test such predictions, we calculated annual P budgets for 1975–1995 for soils of the Maumee and Sandusky watersheds of northwestern Ohio and compared them with riverine P export from these watersheds. Phosphorus inputs to the soils include fertilizers, manure, rainfall, and sludge while outputs include crop removal and nonpoint‐source export via rivers. Annual P inputs decreased due to reductions in fertilizer and manure inputs. Annual outputs increased due to increasing crop yields. Net P accumulation decreased from peak values of 13.4 and 9.5 kg P ha−1 yr−1 to 3.7 and 2.6 kg P ha−1 yr−1 for the Maumee and Sandusky watersheds, respectively. Thus, P budget analysis suggests that riverine P export should have increased throughout the study period, with smaller increases during more recent years. However, detailed water quality studies show that riverine export of total phosphorus (TP) has decreased by 25 to 40% and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) by 60 to 89%, both due primarily to decreases from nonpoint sources. We suggest that these decreases are associated with farmers' adoption of practices that minimize transport of recently applied P fertilizer and of sediments via surface runoff, coupled with changes in winter weather conditions. In comparison with most Midwestern watersheds, rivers draining these watersheds have high unit area yields of TP, low unit area yields of SRP, and high ratios of nonpoint source– to point source–derived P.
Therapists' Use of the Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP) Intervention: A Practice Implementation Survey Study
Authors: Connell Louise A. , McMahon Naoimh E. , Watkins Caroline L. , Eng Janice J. 
Published: February 2014

Background
Only a small percentage of research is ever successfully translated into practice. The Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP) is a stroke rehabilitation intervention that anecdotally has had rapid translation from research to clinical practice. This study was conducted to explore the characteristics of this practice implementation.

Objectives
The aims of this study were: (1) to explore the extent of practice implementation of GRASP in the United Kingdom; (2) using an implementation framework, to explore UK therapists' opinions of implementing GRASP; and (3) if GRASP is found to be used in the United Kingdom, to investigate differences in opinions between therapists who are using GRASP in practice and those who are not.

Design
A cross-sectional study design was used.

Methods
Data were collected via an online questionnaire. Participants in this study were members of the College of Occupational Therapy Specialist Section Neurological Practice and the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists Interested in Neurology.

Results
Of the 274 therapists who responded to the survey, 61 (22.3%) had experience of using GRASP, 114 (41.6%) knew of GRASP but had never used it, and 99 (36.1%) had never heard of GRASP. Therapists displayed positive opinions toward the implementation of a manual with graded progressions of structured upper limb exercises for people after stroke. Opinions were different between therapists who had used GRASP and those who had not.

Limitations
The findings of this study may be limited by response bias.

Conclusions
GRASP is a relatively new stroke rehabilitation intervention that has made impressive translation into the knowledge and practice of UK therapists. Therapists' opinions would suggest that GRASP is both an acceptable and feasible intervention and has the potential to be implemented by a greater number of therapists in a range of settings.
Use of a cyanoacrylate skin adhesive to reduce external ventricular drain infection rates
Authors: Bookland Markus J. , Sukul Vishad , Connolly Patrick J. 
Published: February 2014

Object
Ventriculitis related to external ventricular drain (EVD) placement is a significant source of morbidity in neurological intensive care patients. Current rates of EVD-related infections range from 2% to 45% in the literature. The authors sought to determine if a 2-octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive would result in lower infection rate than standard semiocclusive dressings.

Methods
The authors tracked ventriculitis rates via CSF cultures among 259 patients whose EVD sites were dressed with sterile semiocclusive dressings and underwent routine sterile dressing exchanges every 48 hours. They analyzed data obtained in an additional 113 patients whose EVD sites were dressed one time with a surgical adhesive, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate.

Results
Ventriculitis rate in patients with standard bioocclusive dressings and wound care was 15.1%, whereas that in patients with a 2-octyl cyanoacrylate dressing was 3.54% (p = 0.002). Staphylococcus genus accounted for 79.5% of instances of ventriculitis among patients with bioocclusive dressings and routine wound care, whereas it accounted for 25.0% of the instances of ventriculitis among patients with a liquid polymer sealant dressing. A 90% reduction in Staphylococcus infection completely accounts for the observed effect (p = 0.04).

Conclusions
The one-time application of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate to EVD wounds and exit sites provided superior protection against EVD-related ventriculitis compared to conventional EVD-site wound care. Likely this protection results from a barrier to the entry of gram-positive skin flora along the EVD exit tract. The results should be validated in a randomized trial.
Expression of tolerogenic potential-representing markers on clinical-grade therapeutic dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines
Authors: Dobrovolskienė Neringa T. , Strioga Marius M. , Liudkevičienė Regina , Petraitis Tadas , Darinskas Adas , Pašukonienė Vita , Gudlevičienė Živilė 
Published: February 2014

Background. Currently a particular interest is given to specific active cancer immunotherapy (therapeutic cancer vaccination) strategies such as treatment with specially “educated” autologous dendritic cells (DCs). The purpose of these vaccines is to enhance antitumor immune responses against the existing tumor. DC vaccines are composed of tumor antigen-loaded mature DCs, which are produced for each cancer patient individually. However, recent data indicate that there are at least two types of mature DCs – immunogenic, which activate antitumor immune responses, and tolerogenic, which suppress immune responses, thereby interfering with effector mechanisms of protective antitumor immunity.
Hence, the aim of our study was to assess the expression of immunogenic and tolerogenic potential-representing markers on the surface of therapeutic DC vaccines generated using two different maturation approaches.
Materials and methods. Two different DC maturation approaches were investigated: Cocktail 1, composed of lipopolysaccharide (200 ng/ mL) and interferon-γ (50 ng/mL), and Cocktail 2, composed of IL1β (10 ng/mL), IL-6 (10 ng/mL), TNF-α (10 ng/mL), PGE2 (1 μg/mL). Secretion of two basic cytokines – the immunostimulatory IL-12p70 and the immunosuppressive IL-10 – has also been investigated.
Results. We show that a subset of immature DCs expressed tolerogenic markers. Importantly their expression profile considerably differed on mature DCs, depending on the maturation approach used.
Conclusions. In particular, our results indicate that Cocktail 1 is superior to Cocktail 2 for the production of clinical-grade therapeutic cancer DC vaccines, both in terms of immunophenotypical attributes of DC tolerogenicity and their cytokine secretory profile.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of renal tumours: 29-month mean follow-up results of 118 patients
Authors: Ulys Albertas , Žalimas Algirdas , Merkytė Rūta , Selickaja Sandra , Trakymas Mantas 
Published: February 2014

Background. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive method of treatment based on thermal effects. This retrospective study aimed to clarify percutaneous RFA of kidney tumors – performance, extremeness and 5-year survival in patients with small renal tumors in a single center.
Materials and methods. Between September 2003 and December 2012, a total of 118 patients underwent percutaneous RFA of renal tumors. During more than 9 years period 144 RFA procedures were performed. Tumors were verified by biopsy. We used 3 RFA techniques: RFA under ultrasound control only (US), ultrasound guided RFA with CT navigation (US/CT) and ultrasound guided RFA with CT navigation, fiducial markers placed around the kidney tumor before the treatment (US/CT/FM). RFA electrodes were one and three. Patients were followed up regularly by CT with contrast enhancement.
Results. The mean patient age was 68.72 years (range 28 to 86). The mean tumor size was 2.8 cm (range 1 to 5.4). The mean follow-up time was 29 months (1–111 months). Radical dependence on technical procedures: only US 39 (66.1%), US/CT 18 (94.7%), US/CT/FM 37 (92.5%), p = 0.001. Radical differences between using one and three electrodes: 39 (66.1%) and 55 (93.2%), p
First results from an airborne GPS radio occultation system for atmospheric profiling
Authors: Haase J. S. , Murphy B. J. , Muradyan P. , Nievinski F. G. , Larson K. M. , Garrison J. L. , Wang K.‐N. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractGlobal Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) from low Earth‐orbiting satellites has increased the quantity of high‐vertical resolution atmospheric profiles, especially over oceans, and has significantly improved global weather forecasting. A new system, the Global Navigation Satellite Systems Instrument System for Multistatic and Occultation Sensing (GISMOS), has been developed for RO sounding from aircraft. GISMOS also provides high‐vertical resolution profiles that are insensitive to clouds and precipitation, and in addition, provides greater control on the sampling location, useful for targeted regional studies. The feasibility of the system is demonstrated with a flight carried out during development of an Atlantic tropical storm. The data have been evaluated through a comparison with dropsonde data. The new airborne RO system will effectively increase by more than 50% the number of profiles available for studying the evolution of tropical storms during this campaign and could potentially be deployed on commercial aircraft in the future.
Paleoproterozoic/Mesoproterozoic tectonism in the northern fringe of the Western Dharwar Craton (India): Its relevance to Gondwanaland and Columbia supercontinent reconstructions
Authors: Rekha S. , Bhattacharya A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA newly discovered suite of Paleoproterozoic/Mesoproterozoic amphibolite facies supracrustals and foliated granitoids between Pernem and Phonda along the northern Konkan coast of western India limits the northern boundary of the Archean Western Dharwar Craton (WDC). Top‐to‐the south transport of the suite is associated with progressively southward tightening of folds with down‐dip stretching lineation, obliteration of pre‐existing fabrics, and widespread stabilization of garnet (lacking in the WDC) along a mid‐crustal counterclockwise pressure‐temperature path. Th‐U‐total Pb ages in metamorphic monazites in the WDC supracrustals are 2.5 Ga; chemical ages of metamorphic monazites (2.3 Ga, 2.2 Ga, 1.9 Ga, and 1.7 Ga) in the WDC‐limiting Pernem‐Phonda tectonic zone decreases northwards. Based on the finding, we suggest that the southern boundary of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ)—the accretion zone between the North and the South Indian Blocks—should be relocated ~ 550 km south from its perceived location near the Gulf of Cambay. In spite of the apparent geometric fit, we suggest the CITZ and the Trans North China Orogen may not be continuous as has been suggested in some Paleoproterozoic reconstructions of the Columbia supercontinent. The monazite ages in the footwall schists are similar to 2.5, 2.25, and 2.10 Ga Pb‐Pb ages in detrital zircon in the Sahantaha Group located north of the Paleoarchean Antongil‐Masora Block in Madagascar. We suggest that the Paleoproterozoic/Mesoproterozoic shear zone system extended westward into Madagascar north of the Antongil Block in East Gondwanaland, and this may clarify the unexplained source of zircon in the Sahantaha quartzites.
Direct α‐Siladifluoromethylation of Lithium Enolates with Ruppert‐Prakash Reagent via CF Bond Activation
Authors: Hashimoto Ryota , Iida Toshiaki , Aikawa Kohsuke , Ito Shigekazu , Mikami Koichi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe direct α‐siladifluoromethylation of lithium enolates with the Ruppert–Prakash reagent (CF3TMS) is shown to construct the tertiary and quaternary carbon centers. The Ruppert–Prakash reagent, which is versatile for various trifluoromethylation as a trifluoromethyl anion (CF3−) equivalent, can be employed as a siladifluoromethyl cation (TMSCF2+) equivalent by CF bond activation due to the strong interaction between lithium and fluorine atoms.
Energy Distributions of Grinding Balls in Frictional Contact
Authors: Köster Alexander , Scherge Matthias , Teipel Ulrich 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDie Mahlkörperreibung ist durch einen charakteristischen Verlauf des Reibungskoeffizienten gekennzeichnet. Dieser periodische Verlauf lässt sich durch einen fundamentalen Energieansatz in die auftretende Reibenergie übertragen, wobei das Energiemaximum im ansteigenden Teil der Kugelkontaktstrecke und das Energieminimum im abfallenden Kontaktstreckenteil liegen. Durch den Bezug zur Kontaktfläche kann auch die Energiedichte während des Reibvorgangs dargestellt werden. Maßgebliche Einflussgrößen auf die Verlaufsformen sind sowohl der Kugeldurchmesser als auch intrinsische Effekte.
Primary tumor resection as a component of multimodality treatment may improve local control and survival in patients with stage IV inflammatory breast cancer
Authors: Akay Catherine L. , Ueno Naoto T. , Chisholm Gary B. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Woodward Wendy A. , Alvarez Ricardo H. , Bedrosian Isabelle , Kuerer Henry M. , Hunt Kelly K. , Huo Lei , Babiera Gildy V. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, the benefit of primary tumor resection among patients with metastatic inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is unknown.METHODSThe authors reviewed 172 cases of metastatic IBC. All patients received chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy and/or surgery. Patients were classified as responders or nonresponders to chemotherapy. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and distant progression‐free survival (DPFS) and local control at the time of last follow‐up were evaluated.RESULTSA total of 79 patients (46%) underwent surgery. OS and DPFS were better among patients treated with surgery versus no surgery (47% vs 10%, respectively [P < .0001] and 30% vs 3%, respectively [P < .0001]). Surgery plus radiotherapy was associated with better survival compared with treatment with surgery or radiotherapy alone (OS rate: 50% vs 25% vs 14%, respectively; DPFS rate: 32% vs 18% vs 15%, respectively [P < .0001 for both]). Surgery was associated with better survival for both responders (OS rate for surgery vs no surgery: 49% vs 23% [P < .0001] and DPFS rate for surgery vs no surgery: 31% vs 8% [P < .0001]) and nonresponders (OS rate for surgery vs no surgery: 40% vs 6% [P < .0001] and DPFS rate for surgery vs no surgery: 30% vs 0% [P < .0001]). On multivariate analysis, treatment with surgery plus radiotherapy and response to chemotherapy were found to be significant predictors of better OS and DPFS. Local control at the time of last follow‐up was 4‐fold more likely in patients who underwent surgery with or without radiotherapy compared with patients who received chemotherapy alone (81% vs 18%; P < .0001). Surgery and response to chemotherapy independently predicted local control on multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrate that for select patients with metastatic IBC, multimodality treatment including primary tumor resection may result in better local control and survival. However, a randomized trial is needed to validate these findings. Cancer 2014;120:1319–1328. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Low‐Frequency Magnetic Fluctuation Measurement during Magnetic Reconnection in Counter‐Helicity Plasma Merging Experiment
Authors: Kuwahata Akihiro , Tanabe Hiroshi , Ito Shingo , Inomoto Michiaki , Ono Yasushi 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYMagnetic fluctuations at a frequency lower than the local ion cyclotron frequency have been observed in association with magnetic reconnection events in a TS‐3 plasma merging device. Counter‐helicity merging of spheromaks provides significant ion heating by magnetic reconnection to form a high‐β field‐reversed configuration plasma. The magnitude of the fluctuation observed during and after the counter‐helicity merging has a stronger dependence on the ion mass than on the reconnection speed, indicating that fast ion outflow from the X point would bring about excitation of large‐amplitude low‐frequency magnetic fluctuations, which may be responsible for direct ion heating. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 187(2): 1–8, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22401
Robust Controller Design for Sinusoidal PWM Inverters
Authors: Wakasa Yuji , Baba Yusuke , Tanaka Toshihiko , Tanaka Kanya 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a robust controller for sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters, which can track a sinusoidal reference with zero steady‐state error. A closed‐loop system for single‐phase full‐bridge inverters is constructed on the basis of the internal model principle. The appropriate control gains of the constructed closed‐loop system are determined using a state‐feedback controller design method via linear matrix inequalities. The proposed controller can adapt to the uncertain variations in the load conditions. It is also shown that the pole‐placement constraints and control performance indexes based on the H2 and H∞ norms as well as a standard quadric performance index in optimal control can be applied to the proposed robust controller. Digital computer simulation is implemented to confirm the validity of the proposed robust controller with the internal model principle. A prototype experimental model is constructed and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that an excellent and practical robust controller for sinusoidal PWM inverters is realized under uncertain and fluctuating load conditions, including the nonlinear loads such as diode rectifiers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 187(2): 44–52, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22542
A docitive Q‐learning approach towards joint resource allocation and power control in self‐organised femtocell networks
Authors: Shahid Adnan , Aslam Saleem , Kim Hyung Seok , Lee Kyung‐Geun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFemtocell is a technology that contributes towards the escalation of coverage as well as throughput. By virtue of uncertain deployment of femtocells, self‐organisation is a viable solution for resource allocation. In this study, we are projecting a docitive Q‐learning (DQL) paradigm for joint resource allocation and power control (JRAPC). Moreover, the proposed learning paradigm is compared with independent Q‐learning for the same JRAPC problem. In the proposed DQL paradigm, femto base stations, which are agents, learn the strategies by exploiting Q‐learning and share their learned strategies with their neighbours. Concerning the shared channel environment, the problem function is formulated as the maximisation of femtocell capacity while maintaining the quality of service requirement of the macrousers. The impact of the proposed DQL paradigm is investigated on system capacity and femtocell capacity. Furthermore, comparison is carried out with the considered independent learning paradigm in terms of convergence, min‐max capacity and the effect of femtocell density. Also, the fairness index is computed to have further insight. The results illustrate that DQL‐based JRAPC outperforms its counterpart. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Label‐fusion‐segmentation and deformation‐based shape analysis of deep gray matter in multiple sclerosis: The impact of thalamic subnuclei on disability
Authors: Magon Stefano , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Amann Michael , Weier Katrin , Naegelin Yvonne , Andelova Michaela , Radue Ernst‐Wilhelm , Stippich Christoph , Lerch Jason P. , Kappos Ludwig , Sprenger Till 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDeep gray matter (DGM) atrophy has been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) already at early stages of the disease and progresses throughout the disease course. We studied DGM volume and shape and their relation to disability in a large cohort of clinically well‐described MS patients using new subcortical segmentation methods and shape analysis. Structural 3D magnetic resonance images were acquired at 1.5 T in 118 patients with relapsing remitting MS. Subcortical structures were segmented using a multiatlas technique that relies on the generation of an automatically generated template library. To localize focal morphological changes, shape analysis was performed by estimating the vertex‐wise displacements each subject must undergo to deform to a template. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the volume of specific thalamic nuclei (the ventral nuclear complex) together with normalized gray matter volume explains a relatively large proportion of expanded disability status scale (EDSS) variability. The deformation‐based displacement analysis confirmed the relation between thalamic shape and EDSS scores. Furthermore, white matter lesion volume was found to relate to the shape of all subcortical structures. This novel method for the analysis of subcortical volume and shape allows depicting specific contributions of DGM abnormalities to neurological deficits in MS patients. The results stress the importance of ventral thalamic nuclei in this respect. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4193–4203, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extracting and summarizing white matter hyperintensities using supervised segmentation methods in Alzheimer's disease risk and aging studies
Authors: Ithapu Vamsi , Singh Vikas , Lindner Christopher , Austin Benjamin P. , Hinrichs Chris , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Johnson Sterling C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPrecise detection and quantification of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) observed in T2‐weighted Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) is of substantial interest in aging, and age‐related neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is mainly because WMH may reflect co‐morbid neural injury or cerebral vascular disease burden. WMH in the older population may be small, diffuse, and irregular in shape, and sufficiently heterogeneous within and across subjects. Here, we pose hyperintensity detection as a supervised inference problem and adapt two learning models, specifically, Support Vector Machines and Random Forests, for this task. Using texture features engineered by texton filter banks, we provide a suite of effective segmentation methods for this problem. Through extensive evaluations on healthy middle‐aged and older adults who vary in AD risk, we show that our methods are reliable and robust in segmenting hyperintense regions. A measure of hyperintensity accumulation, referred to as normalized effective WMH volume, is shown to be associated with dementia in older adults and parental family history in cognitively normal subjects. We provide an open source library for hyperintensity detection and accumulation (interfaced with existing neuroimaging tools), that can be adapted for segmentation problems in other neuroimaging studies. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4219–4235, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.