bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergism Between Ethanolic Extract of Propolis (EEP) and Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs on Growth of Mycobacteria
Authors: Scheller Stan , Dworniczak Szymon , Waldemar-Klimmek Krystian , Rajca Marek , Tomczyk Anna , Shani Jashovam 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ethanolic extract of propolis exerts a strong anti-bacterial activity, in addition to antifungal. antiviral and antiprotozoal properties. In previous studies from these laboratories we have demonstrated that the intensity of the bactericidal activity of EEP is correlated with the virulence of the mycobacteria tested, and that EEP has a synergistic effect with antibiotics on growth of staphylococcus aureus. In the present study we investigated whether the same synergism and correlation exists between EEP and some anti-tuberculosis drugs on tubercu­losis mycobacteria with different degrees of virulence. Six standard strains and 11 wild strains of mycobacteria were exposed for 30 days to EEP, with or without streptomycin, rifamycin, isoniazid or ethambutol. Out of the 17 strains, 8 were resistant to at least two standard antibiotics, and were considered “multi-resistant strains”. The rest were either susceptible or resistant to only one of the antimycobacterial drugs. Antagonism was recorded only in one case, when Staphylococcus aureus were treated with a mixture of EEP and ethambutol, sug­gesting that a chemical bond could have been formed between this anti-tuberculosis anti­ biotic and one of the active components of the ethanol extract of propolis.
Detection of the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Neutrophils in Whole Blood: Modulation by Adamantanes and Triggering by Fe3+-ions
Authors: Schempp Harald , Albrecht-Goepfert Evelyn , Elstner Erich F. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Using indicators for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as the a) OH- radical type (α-keto-γ-methiolbutyric acid. KMB) or b) hypochlorous acid (1-amino-cyclo- propvl-1-carboxylic acid, ACC) neutrophil activities can be both quantified and differentiated in whole blood via ethene production, Ethene is trapped in the head space of blood samples incubated in the presence of zymosan and the respective indicators, KMB or ACC. This procedure allows the detection of effects of aminoadamantanes (AAD) such as amantadine or memantine, compounds frequently used for the treatment of Morbus Parkinson and Morbus Alzheimer. In this report we describe the detection of OH-type oxidants produced by isolated activated neutrophils and whole blood. Immunomodulatory activities of AAD are deduced from the following observations: AAD-stimulated ethene formation from (KMB) as an indicator for production of OH′-type reactive oxygen species by zymosan-stimulated neutrophils (“respiratory burst”) is detectable with isolated neutrophils. In whole blood, how- ever, this reaction is only measurable in the presence of Fe-EDTA-complex. Stimulating effects of AAD are observed within a concentration range between 10-8 and 10-4 m with a maximum at 1 μΜ. Ethene release from (ACC) as indicator for the myeloperoxidase reaction after degranulation is not stimulated by AAD but inhibited at concentrations higher than 100 μΜ. The presented results suggest that submicromolar concentrations of AAD only stimulate the respiratory burst and apparently not degranulation of zymosan-prestimulated poly- morphonuclear neutrophils (PMN).
Sex Pheromone of the Brazilian Apple Leafroller, Bonagota cranaodes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)
Authors: Eiras Alvaro E. , Kovaleski Adalecio , Vilela Evaldo F. , Chambon Jean P. , Unelius C. Rikard , Borg-Karlson Anna-Karin , Liblikas Ilme , Mozuraitise Raimondas , Bengtsson Marie , Witzgall Peter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The female sex pheromone of Bonagota (=Phthteochroa) cranaodes (Meyrick) is a blend of (E,Z)-3,5-dodecadienyl ajcetate (E3,Z5-12:Ac) and (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate (Z9-16:Ac) according to analysis of pheromone - gland extracts and field trapping in apple orchards. This is the first time that E3,Z5-12:Ac has been identified as a lepidopteran sex pheromone. Traps baited with 100 μg E3,Z5-12:Ac were attractive over 15 weeks in the field and were as effective as traps baited with virgin females. Addition of Z9-16:Ac to E3,Z5-12:Ac at ratio of 1:10 had a significantly increase of male moths. The addition of the Z,E and Z,Z isomers to rubber septa baited with E3,Z5-12:Ac did not modify B. cranaodes male attraction, but 10% of EE enhanced trap catch.
16α,19-Diacetoxy-ewf-kaurane, a New Natural Diterpene from the Exudate of Ozothamnus scutellifolius (Asteraceae)
Authors: Arriaga-Giner Fco. Javier , Rumbero Angel , Wollenweber Eckhard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Leaf and stem exudate of Ozothamnus scutellifolius, previously reported to contain 21 flavonoid aglycones, was now investigated for its terpenoid composition. Seven structurally related diterpenoids were identified. One of them, 16a,19-diacetoxy-enf-kaurane, is a novel natural product.
Some Lichen Products Have Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Garcia Rowe J. , Garcia Gimenez M. D. , Saenz Rodriguez M. T. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Antimicrobial activity in some lichens from south Spain has been studied. Some lichenical substances are also identified. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by physical, spectral and chemical methods. A very high activity against Gram-positive bacteria has been observed in lichens containing usnic acid.
Volatile Components of the Freshwater Algae Spirogyra and Mougeotia
Authors: Kamenarska Zornitza G. , Dimitrova-Konaklieva Stefka D. , Nikolova Christina , Kujumgiev Athanas Il. , Stefanov Kamen L. , Popov Simeon S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Several species of freshwater green algae belonging to the order Zygnematales (Spirogyra crassa (Ktz.) Czurda, S. longata (Vauch.) Ktz., and Mougeotia viridis (Ktz.) Wittr.) were found to have a specific composition of the volatile fraction, which confirms an earlier proposal for the existence of two groups in the genus Spirogyra. Antibacterial activity was found in volatiles from S. longata.
Eudesmanolides and Further Terpenes from the Leaves of Eupatorium semialatum
Authors: Lang Günter , Passreiter Claus M. , Medinilla Beatriz E. , Castillo Juan-Jose 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A collection of Eupatorium semialatum from Guatemala was investigated for the occurrence of sesquiterpene lactones. In addition to the sesquiterpene cinnamoyloxyoplopanone (5), lactones of the eudesmanolide type were found and identified by NMR as derivatives of 8 β-hydroxyreynosin and 8 β-hydroxybalchanin, esterified with 2-substituted acrylic acids. The acid moieties were determined to be the enantiomeric (R)- and (S)-(2-hydroxy-1-methoxyethyl) acrylic acid, in 1, 2 and 4 respectively, and (1-hydroxy-ethyl) acrylic acid in 3.
Unusual Coumarin Patterns of Pelargonium Species Forming the Origin of the Traditional Herbal Medicine Umckaloabo
Authors: Latté Klaus Peter , Kayser Oliver , Tan N. , Kaloga Macki , Kolodziej Herbert 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The coumarin patterns of Pelargonium sidoides DC. and Pelargonium reniforme CURT., forming the origin of the herbal medicine “umckaloabo”, were analysed and compared for therapeutic equivalence. For both species, members of tri- and tetraoxygenated coumarins almost exclusively were present in the respective metabolic pools. However, the roots of P. sidoides and P. reniforme expressed conspicuously distinct coumarin variations, with umckalin, its 7-O-methyl ether, 7-acetoxy-5,6-dimethoxycoumarin, 6,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin, 6,8-dihydroxy-5,7-tetramethoxycoumarin, artelin and three unique coumarin sulfates as uncommon metabolites of this class of secondary products of P. sidoides. Furthermore, the highly oxygenated but known coumarins fraxinol, isofraxetin and fraxidin were associated with the new 8-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxycoumarin as representatives of P. reniforme. Of the twelve identified coumarins only the two species shared the ubiquitous scopoletin and the unique 6,7,8-trihydroxycoumarin. From the oxygenation patterns it is evident that the majority of these Pelargonium coumarins match the recently established basic structural requirements for marked antibacterial activity, i.e. the presence of a methoxy function at C-7 and an OH group at either the C-6 or C-8 position. The current data on the coumarin profiles of each Pelargonium species also indicate a previous erroneous identification of the plant material claimed to be P. reniforme. Absence and presence of umckalin and its 7-O-methyl ether defines P. reniforme and P. sidoides, respectively.
Synthesis of Mannose-Rich Exopolysaccharide by Rhodotorula glutinis 16P Co-Cultured with Yeast or Bacteria
Authors: Simova Emilina D. , Frengova Ginka I. , Beshkova Dora M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Exopolysaccharides from the lactose-negative yeast Rhodotorula glutinis 16P were synthesized by co-cultivation with the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis MP11 or with the homofermentative lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus helveticus 9A in a cheese whey ultrafiltrate. Exopolysaccharides were produced by lactose hydrolysis, performed by two pathways: with β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis MP11 which assimilates glucose and galactose; with β-galactosidase and Lactobacillus helveticus 9A which uses lactic acid. By growing the two mixed cultures maximum yield was obtained as follows: 11.4 g/l and 15.8 g/l, respectively. Structural units of the carbohydrate composition of the two polymers are mannose (72.4-63.5%), glucose (2.0-15.9%), galactose (25.3-19.8%) and xylose (3.6-4.3%). Mannose dominated in the polysaccharide compositions.
Formation of Aliphatic and Aromatic α-Hydroxy Ketones by Zygosaccharomyces bisporus
Authors: Neuser Frauke , Zorn Holger , Berger Ralf G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The wild-type yeast strain Zygosaccharomyces bisporus CBS 702 produced α-hydroxyketones (acyloins) from amino acid precursors after transamination to the corresponding 2-oxo acids. The key enzyme of the subsequent decarboxylation and C − C bond forming reaction, pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC ), was examined for its substrate- and stereo-specificity. A wide variety of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes was successfully converted to acyloins. 19 of the biotransformation products identified had not been reported as natural substances before. Product yields were strongly affected by substrate structure.
Morbidity and medicine prescriptions in a nationwide Danish population of patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Glintborg Dorte , Hass Rubin Katrine , Nybo Mads , Abrahamsen Bo , Andersen Marianne 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increased in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the prevalence of other diseases is not clarified. We aimed to investigate morbidity and medicine prescriptions in PCOS.DesignA National Register-based study.MethodsPatients with PCOS (PCOS Denmark and an embedded cohort; PCOS Odense University Hospital (OUH)) and one control population. Premenopausal women with PCOS underwent clinical and biochemical examination (PCOS OUH,n=1217). PCOS Denmark (n=19 199) included women with PCOS in the Danish National Patient Register. Three age-matched controls were included per patient (n=57 483).Main outcome measuresDiagnosis codes and filled prescriptions.ResultsThe mean (range) age of the PCOS Denmark group and controls was 30.6 (12–60) years. Patients in PCOS Denmark had higher Charlson index, higher prevalence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension than controls. PCOS was associated with a two times increased risk of stroke and thrombosis, whereas the risk of other cardiovascular diseases was not increased. Thyroid disease, asthma, migraine, and depression were more prevalent in PCOS Denmark vs controls, whereas fractures were rarer. Infertility was increased in patients compared with controls, but the mean number of births was higher in PCOS. Medicine prescriptions within all diagnosis areas were significantly higher in PCOS patients than in controls.In PCOS OUH, polycystic ovaries (PCO) and irregular menses were associated with a more adverse metabolic risk profile, but individual Rotterdam criteria were not associated with cardiometabolic diagnoses.ConclusionCardiometabolic and psychiatric morbidity were significantly increased in a Danish population with PCOS. Medical diseases are frequent also in young patients with PCOS.
External Quality Assessment Unravels Interlaboratory Differences in Quality of RAS Testing for Anti-EGFR Therapy in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tack Véronique , Ligtenberg Marjolijn J.L. , Tembuyser Lien , Normanno Nicola , Vander Borght Sara , Han van Krieken J. , Dequeker Elisabeth M.C. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background.
Regulations for the selection of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer for anti-EGFR treatment changed at the end of 2013. The set of mutations to be tested extended from KRAS codons 12 and 13 to KRAS and NRAS exons 2, 3, and 4. A European external quality assessment scheme monitored the performance of laboratories and evaluated the implementation of the new regulations.

Materials and Methods.
The 131 participating laboratories received 10 samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material, including RAS (exon 2, 3, 4) and BRAF mutations. Mock clinical data were provided for three cases. Using their routine methods, laboratories determined the genotypes and submitted three written reports. Assessors scored the results according to predefined evaluation criteria.

Results.
Half of the participants (49.3%) had completely implemented the new test requirements (codons 12, 13, 59, 61, 117, and 146 of KRAS and NRAS), and 96 laboratories (73.3%) made no genotype mistakes. Correct nomenclature, according to the Human Genome Variation Society, was used by 82 laboratories (62.6%).

Conclusion.
Although regulations were effective for several months, many laboratories were not ready for full RAS testing in the context of anti-EGFR therapy. Nevertheless, in each participating country, there are laboratories that provide complete and correct testing. External quality assessments can be used to monitor implementation of new test regulations and to stimulate the laboratories to improve their testing procedures. Because the results of this program are available on the website of the European Society of Pathology, patients and clinicians can refer test samples to a reliable laboratory.
TERT Promoter Mutations and TERT mRNA but Not FGFR3 Mutations Are Urinary Biomarkers in Han Chinese Patients With Urothelial Bladder Cancer
Authors: Wang Kun , Liu Tiantian , Liu Cheng , Meng Yan , Yuan Xiaotian , Liu Li , Ge Nan , Liu Jikai , Wang Chang , Ren Hongbo , Yan Keqiang , Hu Sanyuan , Xu Zhonghua , Fan Yidong , Xu Dawei 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The TERT promoter and FGFR3 gene mutations are two of the most common genetic events in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC), and these mutation assays in patient urine have been shown to be promising biomarkers for UBC diagnosis and surveillance. These results were obtained mainly from studies of patients with UBC in Western countries, and little is known about such information in Han Chinese patients with UBC. In the present study, we addressed this issue by analyzing tumors from 182 Han Chinese patients with UBC and urine samples from 102 patients for mutations in the TERT promoter and FGFR3 and TERT mRNA expression in tumors and/or urine. TERT promoter and FGFR3 mutations were identified in 87 of 182 (47.8%) and 7 of 102 (6.7%) UBC cases, respectively. In 46 urine samples from patients with TERT promoter mutation-carrying tumors, the mutant promoter was detected in 24 (52%) prior to operation and disappeared in most examined urine samples (80%) taken 1 week after operation. TERT mRNA was detected in urine derived from 46 of 49 patients (94%) that was analyzed before operation independently of the presence of TERT promoter mutations. Collectively, FGFR3 mutations occur at a very low rate in Han Chinese UBC and cannot serve as diagnostic markers for Chinese patients. Han Chinese patients with UBC have relatively low TERT promoter mutation frequency compared with patients in Western countries, and simultaneous detection of both mutant TERT promoter and TERT mRNA improves sensitivity and specificity of urine-based diagnosis.
O CONSUMO CRESCENTE DE AGROTÓXICOS E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES NA SAÚDE REPRODUTIVA
Authors: Nascimento da Silva Jaqueline a , Alexandra Antunes Patricia , Paula Alves Favareto Ana 
Published: February 2015

O consumo excessivo de agrotóxicos tem sido um dos principais fatores de agravamento da poluição ambiental. A mobilidade desses compostos no ambiente facilita a contaminação de solos, ar e recursos hídricos, afetando diversas espécies e interferindo na saúde de seres humanos e animais. Considerando a expansão da agricultura no país e o uso desenfreado de praguicidas, este trabalho trata-se de uma exposição dos principais riscos à saúde e fontes de contaminação, enfatizando alguns estudos relacionados a alterações reprodutivas e do desenvolvimento. Dessa maneira faz-se entender a importância de estudos avaliativos de agrotóxicos acerca de seus mecanismos de toxicidade e possíveis efeitos em diferentes doses e vias de exposição. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agrotóxicos, Agravos a Saúde, Alterações Reprodutivas e do Desenvolvimento. THE INCREASING CONSUMPTION OF AGROTOXICS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ABSTRACT The overconsumption of agrotoxics has been one of the main factors in worsening environmental pollution. The mobility of these compounds in the environment makes it easier to soil, air and hydric resources contamination, affecting several species and interfering with the health of humans and animals. Considering the expansion of agriculture in the country and the unbridled use of pesticides, this work is an exhibition of the main health risks and sources of contamination, emphasizing some studies related to reproductive and development changes. Thus it makes to understand the importance of evaluative studies of agrotoxics about their mechanisms of toxicity and possible effects at different doses and routes of exposure. KEY-WORDS: Agrotoxics, Worsenings to health, Reproductive and Development Changes EL USO CRECIENTE DE PESTICIDAS Y SUS IMPLICACIONES EM LA SALUD REPRODUCTIVA RESUMEN El consumo excesivo de pesticidas ha sido un factor importante en el empeoramiento de la contaminación ambiental. La movilidad de estos compuestos en el medio facilita la contaminación de los recursos del suelo, aire y agua, que afecta a varias especies e interfiere con la salud de los seres humanos y los animales. Teniendo en cuenta la expansión de la agricultura en el país y el uso desenfrenado de los plaguicidas, esta obra es una exposición de los principales riesgos para la salud y las fuentes de contaminación, dando énfasis en algunos estudios relacionados con los cambios reproductivos y de desarrollo. De este modo se hace para entender la importancia de los estudios de evaluación de los plaguicidas sobre sus mecanismos de toxicidad y los posibles efectos en diferentes dosis y vías de exposición. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Pesticidas, Daños a la Salud, Cambios Reproductivos y de Desarrollo.
PROGRAMA DE GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS – POLI USP RECICLA
Authors: G. Barbosa Jr Welson , Da Silva El-Bachá Amanda 
Published: February 2015

O Programa de Gestão de Resíduos da Escola Politécnica da USP, denominado Poli USP Recicla, foi criado em 2006 com o objetivo de transformar a gestão sustentável de todos os resíduos gerados nas diversas atividades da Poli em uma extensão natural de suas atividades. O programa é delineado em consonância com as diretrizes da Escola e busca cumprir na íntegra a legislação vigente, além de trabalhar com o conceito de resíduo mínimo, evitando a confecção de impressos descartáveis e fazendo uso intenso da mídia eletrônica e de placas permanentes. O Poli Recicla administra cinco projetos principais: Gestão de Lâmpadas Fluorescentes; Gestão de Pilhas e Baterias; Gestão de Resíduos Laboratoriais; Gestão de Toners/Cartuchos; Coleta Seletiva de Resíduos Não Perigosos. A equipe do Poli Recicla continua com o processo de consolidação e ampliação destes projetos, com envolvimento dos funcionários, docentes e alunos da Escola, além dos funcionários terceirizados da limpeza. O programa teve reconhecimento institucional e foi solicitado a auxiliar na implantação dos processos em instituições externas, convidado para apresentações em eventos de gestão ambiental, além de auxiliar outras unidades da USP. Palavras chave: Gestão Sustentável. Resíduos. Reciclagem.
A AGENDA 21 E A ELABORAÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE URBANA
Authors: Araujo Geraldo Jose Ferraresi de , Carvalho Cesar Machado de 
Published: February 2015

Com os sinais de esgotamento do atual modelo de produção, a sustentabilidade, modelo que contempla o desenvolvimento econômico e social, juntamente com a preservação ambiental, construído ao longo dos encontros internacionais promovidos pelas Nações Unidas (Estocolmo 72 e Rio 92) e pelo Relatório Bruntland e sintetizados num conjunto de premissas para as nações modificarem o vetor de desenvolvimento, chamado Agenda 21.Logo, as cidades, são espaços privilegiados para aplicação dos pressupostos das Agenda 21, juntamente, no caso brasileiros, com o Estatuto das Cidades para a transformação dos espaços urbanos, marcadas pela exclusão social e problemas estruturais. Sendo assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo responder a seguinte pergunta: a Agenda 21 serve como referência para a elaboração de políticas públicas no Brasil?. Através do método qualitativo, foi realizado uma revisão bibliográfica dos principais autores relacionados a sustentabilidade urbana, onde pode-se responder positivamente a resposta. Porém, mesmo o Brasil, sendo signatário da Agenda 21 e o Estatuto das Cidades tendo força de lei, a aplicação destes dois instrumentos na elaboração e execução de políticas públicas e praticamente nula no Brasil diante dos problemas socioambientais nos grandes centros urbanos do país, evidenciando a falta de articulação e pró atividade dos poderes executivo, legislativo e judiciário nas três esferas. Faz-se necessário maior sinergia os três poderes em suas esferas para que os gestores públicos juntamente com a sociedade estejam comprometidos com a elaboração e execução de políticas públicas alinhadas com os princípios defendidos na Agenda 21 e em consonância com o Estatuto das Cidades.
SUSTENTABILIDADE NO MEIO URBANO
Authors: Foschini Regina Célia 
Published: February 2015

Hoje as cidades se encontram em trágica situação, como crescimento urbano desarticulado, resíduos urbanos, aumento de densidade populacional, degradação ambiental, etc. Partindo do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável e das críticas sobre os desastrosos efeitos dos processos de urbanização ocorridos no planeta nos últimos trinta anos, esse texto iniciou-se com levantamento bibliográfico para apreensão dos conceitos e diretrizes que fundamentam a sustentabilidade no meio urbano e utilizando-se metodologia de modo dialético foi possível refletir sobre a introdução do conceito de sustentabilidade no planejamento dos espaços urbanos, finalizando a pesquisa.