bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shopping and the Senses: Retail, Browsing and Consumption in 18th‐Century England
Authors: Dyer Serena 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInterest in the senses has blossomed over the last decade, leading to numerous explorations of touch, smell, sound, taste and sight throughout history. Increasingly, historians are considering how this sensory methodology can enrich other fields of historical study. This article explores the potential for sensory history to open new avenues of thought in the field of urban consumption history. Focusing on the period of the so called ‘consumer revolution’, this article promotes a reassessment of shopping in 18th‐century English towns. This intersection of consumption history and sensory history encourages us to rethink numerous aspects of the process of shopping in the 18th century, including browsing, gender, urban space and agency. This article begins by assessing the current state of scholarship in these two branches of historical enquiry, before considering how their juncture impacts research moving forward.
Spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomas of the face: an under‐recognized diagnosis
Authors: Cheah Alison , Billings Steven , Goldblum John , Hornick Jason , Uddin Nasir , Rubin Brian 
Published: September 2014

AimsRarely, spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomas arise on the face where they present diagnostic difficulties. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features of a series of spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomas of the face.Methods and resultsThirty‐three cases of spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma of the face were studied. Patient characteristics were 25 male:8 female, ranging from 33 to 91 years of age (mean 60). The most common sites were nose (nine), cheek (eight), forehead (eight), chin (three), anterior scalp (three), lip (two) and ear (two). The mean tumour size was 1.9 cm. An unusual histological feature was the involvement of skeletal muscle, which was seen in 12 cases (36%). Otherwise, the cases exemplified the entire histological spectrum of spindle cell lipoma, including purely dermal and subcutaneous cases. By immunohistochemistry, they were uniformly positive for CD34 (26 of 26 cases), positive for oestrogen receptor in five of 21 cases and negative for desmin in all cases (none of 20 positive). Retinoblastoma (Rb) expression was lost in 18 of 19 cases.ConclusionsDue to an unusual anatomical location and frequent infiltration of skeletal muscle, spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma of the face can be a difficult diagnosis. Increased awareness of its clinicopathological features should allow accurate classification.
Hierarchical trait predictors of healthy diet: a comparison between US and Chinese young consumers
Authors: Sun Tao , Lin Shengdong , Kolodinsky Jane 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the hierarchical trait predictors of health diet among 541 US and Chinese college‐aged consumers. A path model was first tested among the combined US and Chinese sample, then separately among US and Chinese samples. Five‐factor personality traits were found to influence the healthy diet through the mediations of health motivation (as an internal motive) and body shape concern (as an external motive). Conscientiousness was found to be a consistent predictor of health motivation and healthy diet among both US and Chinese college students. Unlike the previous findings, openness to experience was not found to be a significant predictor of healthy diet among the US sample, although it was still a significant predictor among the Chinese sample.
Kinematic Modeling of Normal Voluntary Mandibular Opening and Closing Velocity–Initial Study
Authors: Gawriołek Krzysztof , Gawriołek Maria , Komosa Marek , Piotrowski Paweł R. , Azer Shereen S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeDetermination and quantification of voluntary mandibular velocity movement has not been a thoroughly studied parameter of masticatory movement. This study attempted to objectively define kinematics of mandibular movement based on numerical (digital) analysis of the relations and interactions of velocity diagram records in healthy female individuals.Materials and MethodsUsing a computerized mandibular scanner (K7 Evaluation Software), 72 diagrams of voluntary mandibular velocity movements (36 for opening, 36 for closing) for women with clinically normal motor and functional activities of the masticatory system were recorded. Multiple measurements were analyzed focusing on the curve for maximum velocity records. For each movement, the loop of temporary velocities was determined. The diagram was then entered into AutoCad calculation software where movement analysis was performed. The real maximum velocity values on opening (Vmax), closing (V0), and average velocity values (Vav) as well as movement accelerations (a) were recorded. Additionally, functional (A1‐A2) and geometric (P1‐P4) analysis of loop constituent phases were performed, and the relations between the obtained areas were defined. Velocity means and correlation coefficient values for various velocity phases were calculated.ResultsThe Wilcoxon test produced the following maximum and average velocity results: Vmax = 394 ± 102, Vav = 222 ± 61 for opening, and Vmax = 409 ± 94, Vav = 225 ± 55 mm/s for closing. Both mandibular movement range and velocity change showed significant variability achieving the highest velocity in P2 phase.ConclusionsVoluntary mandibular velocity presents significant variations between healthy individuals. Maximum velocity is obtained when incisal separation is between 12.8 and 13.5 mm. An improved understanding of the patterns of normal mandibular movements may provide an invaluable diagnostic aid to pathological changes within the masticatory system.
Clinical Outcome of Double Crown‐Retained Mandibular Removable Dentures Supported by a Combination of Residual Teeth and Strategic Implants
Authors: Rinke Sven , Ziebolz Dirk , Ratka‐Krüger Petra , Frisch Eberhard 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeThere is a lack of data regarding the clinical outcome of removable partial dentures (RPDs) supported by a combination of residual natural teeth and implants placed in strategic positions. The aim of the present case series was to conduct a retrospective investigation of the clinical outcome of mandibular tooth‐implant‐retained partial dentures (TIRPD) rigidly retained via telescopic double crowns.Material and MethodsBetween 1999 and 2010, 18 patients with reduced residual dentition (1 to 3 natural abutment teeth) and in need of an RPD received 1 to 3 implants in strategic positions for support of the removable prostheses. All TIRPDs were rigidly retained by telescopic crowns according to the Marburg Double Crown (MDC) technique; all prostheses were placed in a private practice. Tooth/implant survival and success rates, prosthetic maintenance requirements, and peri‐implant parameters were analyzed retrospectively using patient records and clinical examinations during the final recall appointments. Only patients attending at least annual supportive post‐implant hygiene therapy visits (SIT) were included.ResultsAfter a mean functional period of 5.84 ± 3 years (range: 3.01–12.21), 14 patients with 14 dentures supported by 24 implants and 27 teeth (mean number of abutments: 3.6) were available for assessment. Four teeth (survival rate: 85.19%) and no implants (survival rate: 100%) were lost. Peri‐implantitis was observed around one implant (4.17%). All 14 dentures were functional (survival rate: 100%) and required only limited maintenance (i.e., screw loosening, acrylic resin fracture repairs, relining) amounting to 0.086 treatments per patient per year (T/P/Y).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this case series, it can be concluded that TIRPDs retained via MDCs might represent a viable treatment option in mandibles with few remaining abutment teeth. Further long‐term clinical evaluations with a greater sample size are needed for a more detailed evaluation of this treatment concept.
USE OF HAND‐TO‐HAND MEASUREMENTS FOR BODY COMPOSITION MONITORING IN PATIENTS WITH INACCESSIBLE OR AMPUTATED FEET
Authors: Keane David F. , Lindley Elizabeth 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundThe body composition monitor (BCM) provides an objective assessment of fluid status, which has been shown to improve outcomes in patients undergoing haemodialysis. The models used by the BCM were developed and validated using standard wrist‐to‐ankle bioimpedance measurements, made between electrodes on the hand and foot. However, in patients with inaccessible or amputated feet it is not possible to use standard electrode configurations.ObjectiveTo compare hydration measurements made with ‘hand‐to‐hand’ (H‐H) and ‘hand‐to‐foot’ (H‐F) electrode configurations in patients with accessible feet or no amputations.MethodsOne hundred and one consecutive patients referred for a BCM measurement were recruited to have H‐H measurements at the same time as the usual H‐F measurement using the same height and weight. Patients with obvious localised oedema were excluded.ResultsCompared with H‐F, H‐H measurements showed a bias of −0.1 L. For 61% of patients the difference between the readings was within 0.5 L; for 81% it was within 1.0 L.ConclusionThe agreement between H‐H and H‐F measurements was close enough to encourage us to use H‐H measurements in patients with inaccessible or amputated feet. Prior to amputation, height and weight are recorded. Target weight (TW) reductions are made gradually when close to normal hydration. Clinically, changes based on H‐H measurements appear to be as appropriate as those using H‐F. The desired hydration at TW can be established and then TW adjusted to maintain this hydration as the flesh weight fluctuates.
Robust and Powerful Tests for Nonlinear Deterministic Components
Authors: Astill Sam , Harvey David I. , Leybourne Stephen J. , Taylor A. M. Robert 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe develop a test for the presence of nonlinear deterministic components in a univariate time series, approximated using a Fourier series expansion, designed to be asymptotically robust to the order of integration of the process and to any weak dependence present. We show that our proposed test has uniformly greater local asymptotic power than the existing tests of Harvey, Leybourne and Xiao (2010) when the shocks are I(1), identical local asymptotic power when the shocks are I(0), and also improved finite sample properties. We also consider the issue of determining the number of Fourier frequencies used to specify any nonlinear deterministic components.
Comparison of Robotic and Manual Persistent AF Ablation Using Catheter Contact Force Sensing: An International Multicenter Registry Study
Authors: ULLAH WAQAS , HUNTER ROSS J. , HALDAR SHOUVIK , MCLEAN AILSA , DHINOJA MEHUL , SPORTON SIMON , EARLEY MARK J. , LORGAT FAIZEL , WONG TOM , SCHILLING RICHARD J. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundCatheter‐based contact force sensing (CFS) technology gives detailed information regarding contact between the catheter tip and myocardium. This may result in more effective ablation procedures. The primary objective of this study was comparison of remote robotic navigation (RRN) and Manual CFS ablation. The secondary objective was to compare CFS with non‐CFS ablation for both navigation modes.MethodsProspective registries of consecutive cases undergoing their first ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) from six hospitals in the United Kingdom and South Africa were analyzed: 50 Manual/CFS and 50 RRN/CFS cases were included. Historical control non‐CFS ablation patients were matched by propensity score, giving a total 200 patient cohort.ResultsRRN/CFS was associated with improved single procedure 1‐year success rates (64% vs 36%, P = 0.01) and shorter fluoroscopy times (41% reduction, P < 0.0005) than Manual/CFS ablation, without any difference in procedure times (P = 0.8). The mean contact force was higher in RRN/CFS than Manual/CFS cases (16 [15–18 g] vs 13 [12–15 g], respectively, P = 0.003). Compared with non‐CFS historical controls, CFS cases had higher 1‐year success rates for RRN (64% vs 36%, P = 0.01), but not Manual ablation (36% vs 38%, P = 1). Procedure times were reduced for CFS cases (20%, P < 0.005 both navigation modes), as were fluoroscopy times (Manual: 43%, RRN 83%, P < 0.005 for both). There were no differences in rates of major or minor complications for either comparison (P > 0.5).ConclusionsA combination of RRN and CFS is associated with improved success rates at 1 year and fluoroscopy times for persistent AF ablation, compared with Manual ablation and non‐CFS RRN ablation.
Allergy and asthma prevention 2014
Authors: Nieto Antonio , Wahn Ulrich , Bufe Albrecht , Eigenmann Philippe , Halken Susanne , Hedlin Gunilla , Høst Arne , Hourihane Jonathan , Just Jocelyne , Lack Gideon , Lau Susanne , Matricardi Paolo Maria , Muraro Antonella , Papadopoulos Nikos , Roberts Graham , Simpson Angela , Valovirta Erkka , Weidinger Stephan , Wickman Magnus , Mazon Angel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAsthma and allergic diseases have become one of the epidemics of the 21st century in developed countries. Much of the success of other areas of medicine, such as infectious diseases, lies on preventive measures. Thus, much effort is also being placed lately in the prevention of asthma and allergy. This manuscript reviews the current evidence, divided into four areas of activity. Interventions modifying environmental exposure to allergens have provided inconsistent results, with multifaceted interventions being more effective in the prevention of asthma. Regarding nutrition, the use of hydrolyzed formulas in high‐risk infants reduces the incidence of atopic dermatitis, while there is for now not enough evidence to recommend other dietary modifications, pre‐biotics, probiotics, or other microbial products. Pharmacologic agents used until now for prevention have not proved useful, while there is hope that antiviral vaccines could be useful in the future. Allergen‐specific immunotherapy is effective for the treatment of allergic patients with symptoms; the study of its value for primary and secondary prevention of asthma and allergy is in its very preliminary phases. The lack of success in the prevention of these disorders lies on their complexity, which involves many genetic, epigenetic, and environmental interactions. There is a need to identify target populations, involved mechanisms and interactions, and the best interventions. These must be effective, feasible, implementable, and affordable.
Autoimmune disease comorbidities in patients with atopic dermatitis: a nationwide case–control study in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Lung‐Chi , Hwang Chian‐Yaw , Chung Pei‐I , Hua Tuan‐Chun , Chen Yen‐Da , Chu Szu‐Yin , Lee Din‐Dar , Chang Yun‐Ting , Wang Wen‐Jen , Liu Han‐Nan , Chen Chih‐Chiang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing dermatitis of unknown etiology. It is thought that abnormal regulation of Th1 and Th2 is not only the major cause of AD, but also the vital pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. To date, no large‐scale studies have been performed on the relationship between AD and autoimmune disease. By conducting a nationwide population‐based study with case–controls in Taiwan, we sought to clarify the association of AD with other autoimmune diseases to obtain a better understanding of its pathogenesis.MethodsData were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan from 1997 to 2010. In total, 41950 patients with AD and 167800 age‐ and gender‐matched controls were enrolled.ResultsPatients with AD tended to have a high risk of associated lupus erythematosus (LE) (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.48–2.54). The risk of LE was higher in female AD patients (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.53–2.76) than in male AD patients (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.76–2.85). Juvenile patients younger than 18 yrs with AD had higher risk of LE (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.30–7.03) than adult patients with AD (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.26–2.24).ConclusionsOur study confirmed the association between AD and LE. Early survey for LE in juvenile patients with AD is recommended.
The clinicopathological and gene expression patterns associated with ulceration of primary melanoma
Authors: Jewell Rosalyn , Elliott Faye , Laye Jonathan , Nsengimana Jérémie , Davies John , Walker Christy , Conway Caroline , Mitra Angana , Harland Mark , Cook Martin G. , Boon Andy , Storr Sarah , Safuan Sabreena , Martin Stewart G. , Jirström Karin , Olsson Håkan , Ingvar Christian , Lauss Martin , Bishop Tim , Jönsson Göran , Newton‐Bishop Julia 
Published: September 2014

SummaryUlceration of primary melanomas is associated with poor prognosis yet is reported to predict benefit from adjuvant interferon. To better understand the biological processes involved, clinicopathological factors associated with ulceration were determined in 1804 patients. From this cohort, 348 primary tumor blocks were sampled to generate gene expression data using a 502‐gene cancer panel and 195 blocks were used for immunohistochemistry to detect macrophage infiltration and vessel density. Gene expression results were validated using a whole genome array in two independent sample sets. Ulceration of primary melanomas was associated with more proliferative tumors, tumor vessel invasion, and increased microvessel density. Infiltration of tumors with greater number of macrophages and gene expression pathways associated with wound healing and up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines suggests that ulceration is associated with tumor‐related inflammation. The relative benefit from interferon reported in patients with ulcerated tumors may reflect modification of signaling pathways involved in inflammation.
Corynelia uberata as a threat to regeneration of Podocarpus falcatus in Ethiopian forests: spatial pattern and temporal progress of the disease and germination studies
Authors: Assefa A. , Abate D. , Stenlid J. 
Published: September 2014

The order Coryneliales includes several fungi such as Corynelia spp. that are pathogenic to trees in the Podocarpaceae. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial pattern and temporal progress of disease caused by Corynelia uberata on Podocarpus falcatus in Ethiopian forests and to evaluate the germination potential of seed retrieved from fruit infected by C. uberata. Corynelia uberata was found on leaves, young stems and/or on fruit of P. falcatus in Ethiopian forests. Spatial analysis in the Adaba‐Dodola forest showed that disease intensity of C. uberata was significantly higher in non‐‘WAJIB’ blocks (disturbed forest) than ‘WAJIB’ blocks (sustainably managed forest) (P < 0·0001). In the temporal disease progress study, a significantly higher incidence and severity of disease on fruit was recorded during the wet season relative to dry season (P < 0·0001). The green milk stage of fruit exhibited significantly higher mean incidence (P < 0·0001) and severity (P < 0·0001) of disease compared to other growth stages of fruit. The disease incidence and severity in general, as well as on different fruit growth stages, were highly correlated (P < 0·0001, R2 ≥ 0·95). Germination rate of seed decreased significantly with an increase in the level of fruit infection by C. uberata (P < 0·0001). Thus, C. uberata can apparently influence germination of seed and may pose a threat to the regeneration of P. falcatus from seeds in Ethiopian forests.
Salivary 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol increases after awakening in healthy young adults
Authors: Sugaya Nagisa , Izawa Shuhei , Yamamoto Ryuichiro , Ogawa Namiko , Yajima Jumpei , Okamura Hisayoshi , Horiuchi Satoshi , Tsuda Akira , Nomura Shinobu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLevels of 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) may reflect central noradrenergic activity. In this study, we investigated salivary MHPG changes after awakening, and explored their relationships with cortisol and peripheral autonomic activity. The participants were 25 college students. Saliva samples were collected on awakening and 30 min after awakening to determine MHPG and cortisol. Ambulatory electrocardiograms were obtained to assess heart rate, cardiac sympathetic index (CSI), and cardiac vagal index (CVI) before and after awakening. MHPG levels increased significantly during the first 30 min after awakening. Similarly, cortisol, heart rate, and CSI increased during the 30 min after awakening, but changes in MHPG did not correlate with changes in cortisol, heart rate, CSI, and CVI during that period. This study demonstrated that salivary MHPG levels increase after awakening, in common with cortisol, heart rate, and cardiac sympathetic activity.
Use of Antimicrobials in the Treatment of Reproductive Diseases in Cattle and Horses
Authors: Pyörälä S , Taponen J , Katila T 
Published: September 2014

ContentsUse of antimicrobials for veterinary indications related to reproduction in cattle and horses is reviewed. Antimicrobial compounds are widely used to treat and prevent infections of reproductive organs. Total amounts of antimicrobials for such purposes, estimated by weight, are low compared with major uses in food animals. The most common reproduction‐related indication in cattle is mastitis. The number of intramammary products available for treatment of mastitis in the European Union is high. Metritis and endometritis also require antimicrobial treatment of cattle and specific products for intrauterine administration are available. The traditions and practices associated with the use of these products vary considerably among different countries. Parenteral antimicrobial treatment is used to treat acute clinical mastitis and puerperal metritis. Pharmacological characteristics of the antimicrobial administered parenterally are critical to achieve and maintain therapeutic concentrations in the target organs. In mares, the most common indications associated with reproduction are endometritis, retained placenta and placentitis. The number of authorized antimicrobial products for horses is limited. Horses are treated individually and off‐label use of antimicrobials is very common. In veterinary indications related to reproduction, treatment practices exist that cannot be considered to be evidence‐based or responsible use of antimicrobials. Not all products for local treatment have proven efficacy data. Examples of unnecessary uses are routine treatment of cows with retained placenta and use of post‐breeding antibiotic treatments in mares.
An Introduction to Epigenetics as the Link Between Genotype and Environment: A Personal View
Authors: Van Soom A , Peelman L , Holt WV , Fazeli A 
Published: September 2014

ContentsLamarck was one of the first scientists who attempted to explain evolution, and he is especially well known for formulating the concept that acquired characteristics can be transmitted to future generations and may therefore steer evolution. Although Lamarckism fell out of favour soon after the publication of Darwin's work on natural selection and evolution, the concept of transmission of acquired characteristics has recently gained renewed attention and has led to some rethinking of the standard evolutionary model. Epigenetics, or the study of heritable (mitotically and/or meiotically) changes in gene activity that are not brought about by changes in the DNA sequence, can explain some types of ill health in offspring, which have been exposed to stressors during early development, when DNA is most susceptible to such epigenetic influences. In this review, we explain briefly the history of epigenetics and we propose some examples of epigenetic and transgenerational effects demonstrated in humans and animals. Growing evidence is available that the health and phenotype of a given individual is already shaped shortly before and after the time of conception. Some evidence suggests that epigenetic markings, which have been established around conception, can also be transmitted to future generations. This knowledge can possibly be used to revolutionize animal breeding and to increase human and animal health worldwide.