bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel method to predict body weight in children based on age and morphological facial features
Authors: Huang Ziyin , Barrett Jeffrey S. , Barrett Kyle , Barrett Ryan , Ng Chee M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA new and novel approach of predicting the body weight of children based on age and morphological facial features using a three‐layer feed‐forward artificial neural network (ANN) model is reported. The model takes in four parameters, including age‐based CDC‐inferred median body weight and three facial feature distances measured from digital facial images. In this study, thirty‐nine volunteer subjects with age ranging from 6–18 years old and BW ranging from 18.6–96.4 kg were used for model development and validation. The final model has a mean prediction error of 0.48, a mean squared error of 18.43, and a coefficient of correlation of 0.94. The model shows significant improvement in prediction accuracy over several age‐based body weight prediction methods. Combining with a facial recognition algorithm that can detect, extract and measure the facial features used in this study, mobile applications that incorporate this body weight prediction method may be developed for clinical investigations where access to scales is limited.
THE SHORT‐ AND LONG‐TERM EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: EVIDENCE FROM ETHIOPIA
Authors: Petrikova Ivica 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the short‐term and long‐term impact of development projects on recipients' wellbeing in Ethiopia. Specifically, it compares the effects of five types of development projects—unconditional and conditional direct transfers, agricultural and social‐infrastructure knowledge transfers, and credit projects—on children's nutrition and on household consumption and income levels. The main finding is that knowledge transfers have the largest positive impact on children's nutritional status and household consumption, in both the short and the long term. The impact of direct transfers on children's health is also positive but less significant, whereas the effect of credit projects is here undetectable. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CHALLENGES IN EVALUATING DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATIONS: THE CASE OF A STREET THEATRE PROGRAMME TO ADDRESS RACISM
Authors: Hanley Teresa 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn evaluation of a pilot street theatre programme presented challenges and stimulated reflections on how evaluation can better contribute to build knowledge on communication for development. The programme addressed racism in Botswana, Kenya, Rwanda and Dominican Republic. It engaged communities effectively. The evaluation faced challenges in dealing with this sensitive subject, dealing with local partners limited monitoring capacity and methodological challenges to assess attitudes and change. It suggests the need for greater collaboration across evaluation and research and among different specialisms to address the evidence and methodological challenges, as well as more resourcing of impact evaluation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of lesion location on the progression of osteoarthritis in a rat knee model
Authors: Knapik Derrick M. , Harrison Ryan K. , Siston Robert A. , Agarwal Sudha , Flanigan David C. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTTo investigate how surgically created acute full‐thickness cartilage defects of similar size and location created on the medial versus lateral femoral condyle influence progression of spontaneous cartilage lesions in a rat model. Full‐thickness cartilage defects of 1 mm were surgically created on the medial or lateral femoral condyles on the right leg of 20 rats (n = 10/group). Ten rats served as controls. Spontaneous lesion progression on the ipsilateral and contralateral surfaces was examined using a high‐resolution digital camera along with H&E and Safranin‐O staining. Chondral defects were scored grossly and histologically. Control femur displayed no cartilage disruption. Surgically treated knees exhibited created and spontaneous cartilage defects with no evidence of healing unless subchondral bone was penetrated. Ipsilateral spontaneous lesions on the lateral condyle were significantly more severe on average (p = 0.009) compared to medial lesions on gross examination. Histological examination found contralateral lesions on the lateral surface following surgically created medial lesions to be more severe (p = 0.057) compared to contralateral lesions. A trend toward more susceptible chondral damage to the lateral condyle was observed following acute lesion creation on either medial or lateral condyles. Mechanisms behind this pattern of spontaneous lesion development are unclear, requring further investigation. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:237–245, 2015.
A contemporary overview of silicon availability in agricultural soils
Authors: Haynes Richard J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOur current understanding of silicon (Si) availability in agricultural soils is reviewed and knowledge gaps are highlighted. Silicon is a beneficial rather than essential plant nutrient and yield responses to its application have been frequently demonstrated in Si‐accumulator crops such as rice and sugarcane. These crops are typically grown on highly weathered (desilicated) soils where soil solution Si concentrations are low. Increased yields are the result of simultaneous increases in plant tolerance to a wide range of biotic (plant pathogens, insect pests) and abiotic (water shortage, excess salts, metal toxicities) stresses. Traditionally, soil solution Si is viewed as being supplied by dissolution of primary and secondary minerals and buffered by adsorption/desorption of silicate onto Al and Fe hydrous oxide surfaces. In recent years it has become recognized that phytogenic cycling of Si [uptake of Si by plants, formation of phytogenic silica (SiO2 · nH2O) mainly in leaves and subsequent return of this silica to soils in plant litter] is the main determinant of soil solution Si concentrations in natural forests and grasslands. Considerable diminution of the phytogenic Si pool in agricultural soils is likely due to regular removal of Si in harvested products. A range of extractants (unbuffered salts, acetate‐based solutions, and acids) can provide valuable information on the Si status of soils and the likelihood of a yield response in rice and sugarcane. The most common Si fertilizers used are industrial byproducts (e.g., blast furnace slag, steel slag, ferromanganous slag, Ca slag). Since agriculture promotes soil desilication and Si is presently being promoted as a broad spectrum plant prophylactic, the future use of Si in agriculture is likely to increase.Aspects that require future research include the role of specific adsorption of silicate onto hydrous oxides, the significance of phytogenic Si in agricultural soils, the extent of loss of phytogenic Si due to crop harvest, the role of hydroxyaluminosilicate formation in fertilized soils, and the effect of soil pH on Si availability.
Infrared–metabolomics approach in detecting changes in Andrographis paniculata metabolites due to different harvesting ages and times
Authors: Yusof Nur A'thifah , Isha Azizul , Ismail Intan Safinar , Khatib Alfi , Shaari Khozirah , Abas Faridah , Rukayadi Yaya 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe metabolite changes in three germplasm accessions of Malaysia Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees, viz. 11265 (H), 11341 (P) and 11248 (T), due to their different harvesting ages and times were successfully evaluated by attenuated total reflectance (ATR)–Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and translated through multivariate data analysis of principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square–discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA). This present study revealed the feasibility of ATR‐FTIR in detecting the trend changes of the major metabolites – andrographolide and neoandrographolide – functional groups in A. paniculata leaves of different accessions. The harvesting parameter was set at three different ages of 120, 150 and 180 days after transplanting (DAT) and at two different time sessions of morning (7:30–10:30 am) and evening (2:30–5.30 pm).RESULTSOPLS‐DA successfully discriminated the A. paniculata crude extracts into groups of which the main constituents – andrographolide and neoandrographolide – could be mainly observed in the morning session of 120 DAT for P and T, while H gave the highest intensities of these constituents at 150 DAT.CONCLUSIONThe information extracted from ATR‐FTIR data through OPLS‐DA could be useful in tailoring this plant harvest stage in relation to the content of its two major diterpene lactones: andrographolide and neoandrographolide. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Apathy in untreated early‐stage Parkinson disease: Relationship with other non‐motor symptoms
Authors: Dujardin Kathy , Langlois Carole , Plomhause Lucie , Carette Anne‐Sophie , Delliaux Marie , Duhamel Alain , Defebvre Luc 
Published: November 2014

AbstractApathy is a frequent and disabling behavioral disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Its prevalence in treatment‐naive patients with early‐stage PD has not been extensively investigated. Moreover, whether apathy is related to other non‐motor symptoms in early‐stage PD is unknown. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and features of apathy and associated factors in a group of treatment‐naive patients with early‐stage PD. Ninety‐five treatment‐naive patients with early‐stage PD participated in the study. Apathy, depression, motor symptoms, and overall cognitive efficiency were assessed. The presence of the main non‐motor symptoms was checked during a detailed clinical interview. Group comparisons were carried out to investigate the association with apathy. Eighteen patients (18.95%) were diagnosed as apathetic, and five of the latter had concomitant depression. Apathetic patients had significantly more severe motor symptoms (P < 0.001) and a lower cognitive status (P = 0.032) than non‐apathetic patients. When considering non‐motor symptoms, apathy was significantly associated only with fatigue (P = 0.007) and anhedonia (P = 0.010), both of which were more prevalent in apathetic patients than in non‐apathetic patients. In treatment‐naive patients with early‐stage PD, apathy was significantly associated with more severe motor symptoms and a lower cognitive status. After adjustment for these factors, apathy appeared to be a relatively isolated, independent symptom because the only other associated non‐motor symptoms were fatigue and anhedonia. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
SENSE and simultaneous multislice imaging
Authors: Zahneisen Benjamin , Ernst Thomas , Poser Benedikt A. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeSimultaneous multislice (SMS) acquisitions play an important role in the challenge of increasing single‐shot imaging speed. We show that sensitivity encoding in two spatial dimensions (two‐dimensional sensitivity encoding [2D‐SENSE]) can be used to reconstruct SMS acquisitions with periodic but otherwise arbitrary undersampling patterns.Theory and MethodsBy adopting a 3D k‐space representation of the SMS sampling process, the accelerated in‐plane and slice‐encoding directions form a 2D‐reconstruction problem that is equivalent to volumetric controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA). 2D‐SENSE does not otherwise distinguish between standard volumetric and SMS imaging with arbitrary CAIPIRINHA sampling.ResultsUse of the SENSE algorithm is demonstrated for in vivo brain data obtained with blipped‐CAIPRINHA sampling in 2D SMS‐echo planar imaging (EPI) and rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) acquisitions as well as 3D‐EPI with various in‐plane and through‐plane acceleration factors and CAIPIRINHA shifts. The proposed SENSE reconstruction works for any combination of SMS‐factor and CAIPIRINHA shift by the addition of “dummy slices” that allow for noninteger undersampling in the slice direction. Images with commonly used slice‐generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions reconstruction are shown for reference.ConclusionSENSE is conceptually simple and provides a one‐step reconstruction along both undersampled dimensions. It also provides a contrast‐independent parallel imaging reconstruction for SMS. Magn Reson Med 74:1356–1362, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Free‐running 4D whole‐heart self‐navigated golden angle MRI: Initial results
Authors: Coppo Simone , Piccini Davide , Bonanno Gabriele , Chaptinel Jérôme , Vincenti Gabriella , Feliciano Hélène , van Heeswijk Ruud B. , Schwitter Juerg , Stuber Matthias 
Published: November 2014

PurposeTo test the hypothesis that both coronary anatomy and ventricular function can be assessed simultaneously using a single four‐dimensional (4D) acquisition.MethodsA free‐running 4D whole‐heart self‐navigated acquisition incorporating a golden angle radial trajectory was implemented and tested in vivo in nine healthy adult human subjects. Coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) datasets with retrospective selection of acquisition window width and position were extracted and quantitatively compared with baseline self‐navigated electrocardiography (ECG) ‐triggered coronary MRA. From the 4D datasets, the left‐ventricular end‐systolic, end‐diastolic volumes (ESV & EDV) and ejection fraction (EF) were computed and compared with values obtained from conventional 2D cine images.ResultsThe 4D datasets enabled dynamic assessment of the whole heart with isotropic spatial resolution of 1.15 mm3. Coronary artery image quality was very similar to that of the ECG‐triggered baseline scan despite some SNR penalty. A good agreement between 4D and 2D cine imaging was found for EDV, ESV, and EF.ConclusionThe hypothesis that both coronary anatomy and ventricular function can be assessed simultaneously in vivo has been tested positive. Retrospective and flexible acquisition window selection allows to best visualize each coronary segment at its individual time point of quiescence. Magn Reson Med 74:1306–1316, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compliance switching for adhesion control
Authors: Risan Jared , Croll Andrew B. , Azarmi Fardad 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTClimbing lizards display numerous advanced features in their locomotion, notably a method to quickly switch between a state of low and high adhesive force capacity. Inspired by the gecko's adhesive switching, a method of mechanically switching between low and high adhesive states is reported. In particular, the first switching of an adhesive system using only a change in system compliance is demonstrated. Mechanical clamping and a novel magnetic clamping system are used to switch an iron/PDMS composite adhesive between a soft and rigid state. The switch in compliance directly influences the maximum load of the adhesive as measured in lap‐shear. Notably, contact area and the contact chemistry remain unaltered despite significant changes in force capacity. The demonstration of a compliance‐only switching mechanism has broad implications for understanding natural adhesive systems—especially in organisms that can dynamically alter their rigidity (e.g. cells). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 48–57
mAb806 binding to epidermal growth factor receptor: a computational study
Authors: Ng Yao Zong , Kannan Srinivasaraghavan , Lane David P. , Fuentes Gloria , Verma Chandra S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important target in the treatment of cancer. A very potent antibody, mAb806, has been developed against overexpressed EGFR and was found to be particularly active in brain tumors. Structural studies reveal that it binds to an epitope on the extracellular region of the EGFR. However, this epitope is cryptic/buried in crystal structures of the active (untethered) and inactive (tethered) EGFR, and it is unclear as to how the antibody interacts with this region. To explore this interaction, we combined molecular docking, steered molecular dynamics, and equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Our computational models reveal that the antibody induces local unfolding around the epitope to form the antibody–EGFR complex. In addition, regions in the vicinity of the epitope also modulate the interaction, which are in accordance with several other known antibody–antigen interactions, and offers new possibilities for the design of antibodies with increased potency and specificity for this receptor. Proteins 2015; 83:153–168. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abstraction and approximation in fuzzy temporal logics and models
Authors: Sotudeh Gholamreza , Movaghar Ali 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Recently, by defining suitable fuzzy temporal logics, temporal properties of dynamic systems are specified during model checking process, yet a few numbers of fuzzy temporal logics along with capable corresponding models are developed and used in system design phase, moreover in case of having a suitable model, it suffers from the lack of a capable model checking approach. Having to deal with uncertainty in model checking paradigm, this paper introduces a fuzzy Kripke model (FzKripke) and then provides a verification approach using a novel logic called Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic* (FzCTL*). Not only state space explosion is handled using well-known concepts like abstraction and bisimulation, but an approximation method is also devised as a novel technique to deal with this problem. Fuzzy program graph, a generalization of program graph and FzKripke, is also introduced in this paper in consideration of higher level abstraction in model construction. Eventually modeling, and verification of a multi-valued flip-flop is studied in order to demonstrate capabilities of the proposed models.
Fire temperature effects on perennial grasses from northwestern Patagonian grasslands
Authors: Gonzalez Sofía L. , Ghermandi Luciana , Peláez Daniel V. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPost‐fire recovery of perennial plants depends on their capacity to regrow from surviving meristems. Plants are adapted to a particular fire regime, which can be altered by human activities and climatic change. Therefore, predicting the impact of changing fire regimes on post‐fire vegetation recovery has become a major ecological concern. We studied the effects of fire temperature on survival and growth of the dominant tussock grasses Festuca pallescens and Pappostipa speciosa for two post‐fire growing seasons in NW Patagonian grasslands. Using a portable propane burner, we applied two fire temperature treatments to individual plants: 200–500 °C (low temperature) and 500–900 °C (high temperature). Plant mortality was higher in F. pallescens than in P. speciosa, possibly due to morphological differences. Fire damaged active meristems in both species, which delayed emergence of new tillers. This in turn affected leaf length of tillers, which was lower in burned plants during the first growing season. Despite this, growth rate was higher in burned plants once they regrow only during the first growing season. In summer, post‐fire hot and dry conditions affected F. pallescens survival. Although fire temperature affected negatively F. pallescens survival, both tussock grasses recovered quickly after the experimental burns. This response could favour their persistence and dominance in the community. Our study increases understanding of post‐fire responses in grasslands and will provide important rangeland management information for grasslands in Patagonia.
Impact of Canolol‐Enriched Extract from Heat‐Treated Canola Meal to Enhance Oil Quality Parameters in Deep‐Frying: a Comparison with Rosemary Extract and TBHQ‐Fortified Oil Systems
Authors: Matthäus Bertrand , Pudel Frank , Chen Yougui , Achary Ayyapan , Thiyam‐Holländer Usha 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCanolol‐enriched extracts obtained from the extraction of fluidized bed treated canola meal with supercritical carbon dioxide were added to high‐oleic canola oil in different concentrations (200, 500 and 750 mg/kg). After 30 h of deep‐fat frying, oils fortified with canolol‐enriched extracts showed a two to three times better frying performance in comparison to the commonly used antioxidants (TBHQ, 200 mg/kg; rosemary extract, 40 and 200 mg/kg) and a control without antioxidants with regards to the formation of di‐ and polymer triacylglycerols, total polar compounds, secondary degradation products (anisidine value) and the iodine value. The canolol‐enriched extracts were also able to slow down the degradation of α‐ and γ‐tocopherol during frying resulting in significant amounts of tocopherols after 30 h of frying in comparison to the other oils. The influence of the canolol‐enriched extracts indicated strongly concentration‐dependent performance. With increasing concentration of the extract, the thermal stability of the fortified oil was improved. The only disadvantage of the addition of the extracts was an increase in the initial acid value, but within the frying time, only oil fortified with 750 mg canolol‐enriched extract/kg reached the limit given in different countries.
Two-phase filtered mass density function for LES of turbulent reacting flows
Authors: Li Z. , Banaeizadeh A. , Jaberi F. A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper describes a new computational model developed based on the filtered mass density function (FMDF) for large-eddy simulation (LES) of two-phase turbulent reacting flows. The model is implemented with a unique Lagrangian–Eulerian–Lagrangian computational methodology. In this methodology, the resolved carrier gas velocity field is obtained by solving the filtered form of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations with high-order finite difference (FD) schemes. The gas scalar (temperature and species mass fractions) field and the liquid (droplet) phase are both obtained by Lagrangian methods. The two-way interactions between the phases and all the Eulerian and Lagrangian fields are included in the new two-phase LES/FMDF methodology. The results generated by LES/FMDF are compared with direct numerical simulation (DNS) data for a spatially developing non-reacting and reacting evaporating mixing layer. Results for two more complex and practical flows (a dump combustor and a double-swirl burner) are also considered. For all flows, it is shown that the two-phase LES/FMDF results are consistent and accurate.
Joint friction estimation for walking bipeds
Authors: Hashlamon Iyad , Erbatur Kemalettin 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYThis paper proposed a new approach for the joint friction estimation of non-slipping walking biped robots. The proposed approach is based on the combination of a measurement-based strategy and a model-based method. The former is used to estimate the joint friction online when the foot is in contact with the ground, while the latter adopts a friction model to represent the joint friction when the leg is swinging. The measurement-based strategy utilizes the measured ground reaction forces (GRF) and the readings of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) located at the robot body. Based on these measurements, the joint angular accelerations and the body attitude and velocity are estimated. The aforementioned measurements and estimates are used in a reduced dynamical model of the biped. However, when the leg is swinging, this strategy is inapplicable. Therefore, a friction model is adopted. Its parameters are identified adaptively using the estimated online friction whenever the foot is in contact. The estimated joint friction is used in the feedback torque control signal. The proposed approach is validated using the full-dynamics of 12-DOF biped model. By using this approach, the robot center of mass (CoM) position error is reduced by 10% which demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach.