bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impedance spectroscopy of polysilicon in SOI structures
Authors: Druzhinin Anatoly , Ostrovskii Ihor , Khoverko Yuriy , Nichkalo Stepan , Kogut Iurii 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPolycrystalline silicon layers on the surface of oxidized silicon substrate, i.e. SOI‐structures, with initial boron concentration (of about 2.4 × 1018 cm‐3 ÷ 1.7 × 1020 cm‐3) in the vicinity to metal‐insulator transition have been investigated. Experimentally the AC performances for both non‐recrystallized and recrystallized layers correlate with DC measurements. Conductivity caused by the hopping between localized states with energy magnitude close to the Fermi level, has a weak temperature dependence in the ranges where the Shklovskii‐Efros law applies. In this case, the percolation type of charge carrier transport is observed. In contrast, the hopping conduction between localized states near the band edges has a strong temperature dependence, where the Mott law is obeyed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of the boron build‐up formation during melting laser thermal annealing
Authors: Hackenberg M. , Huet K. , Negru R. , Fisicaro G. , La Magna A. , Taleb N. , Quillec M. , Pichler P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this work, we present a model describing the boron redistribution during laser thermal annealing in the melting regime based on the adsorption of boron atoms at the solid‐liquid interface. To validate the model, we performed SIMS measurements on silicon samples implanted with boron with an energy of 3 keV and doses of 3 × 1013 cm‐2 and 4 × 1014 cm‐2 annealed with a XeCl excimer laser with a wavelength of 308 nm, a pulse duration of 160 ns, and up to 10 consecutive pulses. After calibration, our model is able to reproduce the measured profiles for the different process conditions. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lattice kinetic Monte Carlo modeling of germanium solid phase epitaxial growth
Authors: Gomez‐Selles J. L. , Darby B. L. , Jones K. S. , Martin‐Bragado I. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSolid phase epitaxial growth (SPEG) is a common tech¬nique used in the manufacturing processes of MOSFET technology. Even though a relatively broad knowledge is found for silicon, there is a greater uncertainty when it comes to germanium, which importance is arising in the last generation of microelectronic devices. To simu¬late this process, the need of a model which reproduces anisotropic growth and is able to detect and place twin defects becomes relevant, opening the possibility to sim¬ulate the interaction of different crystallographies, as it has been observed to be an important factor for some orientations, justifying by this mechanism experimental results.We present a Lattice Kinetic Monte Carlo (LKMC) model of Ge which is able to give an explanation of the different anisotropy effects in the recrystallization of substrate wafers through a defect formation formalism. An agreement between experimental observations and simulations is found by comparing regrowth velocities for different samples at different anneal conditions with LKMC simulations that consider twin defect formation for specific directions. Different regrowth velocities are found for distinct orientations of a solid phase epitaxial growth process within the annealed sample.(© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal properties of quantum devices in integrated circuits embedded in a chip environment
Authors: Käso M. , Wulf U. , Kuˇcera J. , Richter H. , Höntschel J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe consider a thermal model for an integrated circuit including its chip environment. As the simplest choice, the active device layer (integrated circuit) consists of an array of replicas of the same quantum device with the same time depended average temperature. Modeling the chip environment we assume this active layer is sandwiched between two coplanar heat reservoirs. The top heat reservoir represents the wiring layer of the chip (‘back‐end of line’). Its temperature is predominantly determined by the dissipated Joule heat in the wiring, typically in the order of one hundred degrees of Celsius.The bottom reservoir represents the cooling unit at about room‐temperature. We solve the coupled equations describing thermal transport between the active layer and surrounding heat reservoirs and electrical transport in the quantum devices. The stationary working temperatures of the considered quantum devices can be found from a fix‐point problem. A proper linearization of the complete time‐depended problem yields the stability of these fixpoints. Numerical solutions for a device layer consisting of identical nano‐transistors are given for selected parameters.(© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dopant/carrier profiling for 3D‐structures
Authors: Vandervorst Wilfried , Schulze Andreas , Kambham Ajay Kumar , Mody Jay , Gilbert Matthieu , Eyben Pierre 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWith the transition from planar to three‐dimensional device architectures such as FinFets, TFETs and nanowires, new metrology approaches are required to characterize the 3D‐dopant and carrier distributions precisely, as their positioning relative to gate edges, 3D‐distribution, conformality, and absolute concentration determine the device performance in great detail. Concepts like atomprobe tomography with its inherent 3D‐resolution are obviously a potential solution although its routine application is still hampered by localization problems, reconstruction artifacts due to inhomogeneous evaporation, sensitivity due to the limited statistics, poor tip yield, etc. Although on the other hand concepts like scanning spreading resistance microscopy are inherently 2D, extensions towards 3D appear possible either by the design of dedicated tests structures or by novel approaches such as mechanical scalping. Ultimately even 1D‐methods like secondary ion mass spectrometry can be used to study dopant incorporation in 3D‐structures. When assessing their performance as metrology tool for 3D‐devices and structures one needs to address not only their ability to achieve 3D‐spatial resolution but also the physical property which is probed, i.e. dopants versus carriers, as well as the complexity of the method used. An evaluation in terms of time to data is equally important as the technical capabilities. The application of these methods to 3D‐structures and confined volumes, has demonstrated that the changing surface/volume ratios in confined devices versus blanket films lead to phenomena (dopant deactivation, enhanced diffusion,..) which cannot be observed in blanket experiments. Hence more emphasis should be placed on the analysis of device and structures with the relevant dimensions relative to the exploration of blanket experiments. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A mixed numerical–analytical stable pseudo‐inversion method aimed at attaining an almost exact tracking
Authors: Jetto Leopoldo , Orsini Valentina , Romagnoli Raffaele 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis paper considers the problem of computing the input u(t) of an internally asymptotically stable, possibly non‐minimum phase, linear, continuous time system Σ yielding a very accurate tracking of a pre‐specified desired output trajectory . The main purpose of the new approach proposed here is to alleviate some limitations that inherent the classical methods developed in the framework of the preview‐based stable inversion, which represents an important reference context for this class of control problems. In particular, the new method allows one to deal with arbitrary and possibly uncertain initial conditions and does not require a pre‐actuation. The desired output to be exactly tracked in steady state is here assumed to belong to the set of polynomials, exponential, and sinusoidal time functions. The desired transient response is specified to obtain a fast and smooth transition toward the steady‐state trajectory , without under and/or overshoot in the case of a set point reset. The transient control input ut(t) is a priori assumed to be given by a piecewise polynomial function. Once has been specified, this allows the computation of the unknown ut(t) as the approximate least squares solution of the Fredholm's integral equation corresponding to the explicit formula of the output forced response. The steady‐state input us(t) is analytically computed exploiting the steady‐state output response expressions for inputs belonging to the same set of . Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coherent l1‐SVD method for DOA estimation of wideband signals
Authors: Atashbar Mahmoud , Kahaei Mohammad Hossein 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe l1‐SVD is an efficient method for spatial sparsity based direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of narrowband signals. We propose a coherent strategy for extension of the l1‐SVD method to wideband signals. In this method, focusing matrices are used for transferring different frequency bins data to the reference bin, and then the transformed data are combined. Finally the l1‐SVD is applied for the combined data. The proposed method outperforms the non‐coherent strategy with a lower computational burden. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Syntheses and Characterization of Polyfunctional Organotin Chlorides
Authors: Eußner Jens P. , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe report the syntheses and crystal structures of novel organotin chloride complexes with functional organic substituents from HSnCl3·2Et2O (1–3). Whereas Cl3SnCHPhCH2C(O)(CH)2Ph (1) was synthesized in a traditional route from HSnCl3·2Et2O and dibenzylideneacetone, C6H5Cl5O4Sn2 (2) and C8H9Cl5O4Sn2 (3) represent products of a condensation reaction of mononuclear organotintrichlorides that comprise both C=C and C=O functional groups and additionally exhibit characteristic intramolecular donor‐acceptor interactions. Due to the condensation, compounds 2 and 3 combine SnCl2 with SnCl3 groups within one molecule.
Exploitation of the Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) genome sequence for discovery of new natural products and biosynthetic pathways
Authors: Challis Gregory L 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Streptomyces, and related genera of Actinobacteria, are renowned for their ability to produce antibiotics and other bioactive natural products with a wide range of applications in medicine and agriculture. Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is a model organism that has been used for more than five decades to study the genetic and biochemical basis for the production of bioactive metabolites. In 2002, the complete genome sequence of S. coelicolor was published. This greatly accelerated progress in understanding the biosynthesis of metabolites known or suspected to be produced by S. coelicolor and revealed that streptomycetes have far greater potential to produce bioactive natural products than suggested by classical bioassay-guided isolation studies. In this article, efforts to exploit the S. coelicolor genome sequence for the discovery of novel natural products and biosynthetic pathways are summarized.
Arthroscopic Subscapularis Bankart Technique as a Salvage Procedure for Failed Anterior Shoulder Stabilization
Authors: Chaudhury Salma , Delos Demetris , Dines Joshua S. , Altchek David W. , Dodson Christopher C. , Newman Ashley M. , O'Brien Stephen J. 
Published: December 2013

Background Shoulder instability is a relatively common problem. Even with contemporary surgical techniques, instability can recur following both open and arthroscopic fixation. Surgical management of capsular insufficiency in anterior shoulder stabilization represents a significant challenge, particularly in young, active patients. There are a limited number of surgical treatment options. The Laterjet technique can present with a number of intraoperative challenges and postoperative complication. Description of Technique We report an arthroscopic subscapularis tenodesis technique as a salvage procedure for challenging glenohumeral instability cases. Sutures are passed through the subscapularis tendon and capsule before they are tied as one in the subdeltoid psace. The rotator interval is closed with superior and medial advancement of anterior and inferior tissue. This technical note carefully describes this procedure with useful technical tips, illustrations, and diagrams. Patients and Methods Two clinical cases are described involving patients with recurrent instability following failed surgery who were successfully managed with this procedure. Results Both cases described resulted in improved shoulder stability, range of motion, and function following management with this surgical technique. This arthroscopic subscapularis tenodesis procedure is proposed as a useful alternative repair technique for cases of recurrent instability after failed surgery with isolated capsular insufficiency. Conclusion It is believed that this arthroscopic subscapularis tenodesis technique can potentially provide similar outcomes to open bone block stabilization procedures, while reducing the risks associated with those procedures.
Reconstruction of Swan Neck Deformities after Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Froelich John M. , Rizzo Marco 
Published: December 2013

Background The authors report the use of a single slip of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) as a hemitenodesis through the A2 pulley in treating swan neck deformities after previous unconstrained proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) arthroplasty. Methods A retrospective chart review was undertaken to identify non-constrained PIP joint arthroplasties that underwent a subsequent soft tissue hemitenodesis for swan neck deformities. The range of motion (ROM), implant design, preoperative diagnosis, and surgical approach were collected. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire and patient satisfaction questionnaire were collected. Results There were 12 patients with 14 procedures reviewed. There were seven surface replacement arthroplasties (SRA) (cobalt chrome on polyethylene) and eight pyrocarbon prostheses. The primary diagnosis for the initial joint arthroplasty was osteoarthritis (8), post-traumatic (2), and rheumatoid arthritis (5). The primary dorsal approach was a longitudinal split in eleven cases, Chamay in two, and unknown in one case. Nine of the 14 revision procedures had a concomitant dorsal approach to the joint. The average final position intra-operatively was 24.2° of flexion (range 15°–40°). Final ROM was 39° with average follow-up of 30 months. The average postoperative radiographic position was 20.3° flexion with an average of 24.8° hyperextension preoperatively. There was one failure secondary to implant loosening requiring fusion. Discussion For patients with a swan neck deformity after PIP arthroplasty, a FDS hemitenodesis provides a treatment option with a low revision rate, retained motion, and maintenance of the original implant with no shortening of the digit.
Prospective Randomized Comparison of Single-Incision and Two-Incision Carpal Tunnel Release Outcomes
Authors: Castillo Tiffany N. , Yao Jeffrey 
Published: December 2013

Background This study analyzes both the subjective and objective symptom and functional outcomes of patients who underwent either traditional single-incision or two-incision carpal tunnel release (CTR). Methods From 2008 to 2009, patients with isolated carpal tunnel syndrome were randomized to undergo either single-incision or two-incision CTR by a single surgeon at a university medical center. Pre-operatively, participants completed a Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire, Brigham and Women's Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BWCTQ), as well as grip and pinch strength and Semmes–Weinstein monofilament sensation testing. At 2 weeks, 6 weeks and at least 6 months post-operatively, these measurements were repeated along with assessment of scar tenderness and pillar pain. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software to perform non-parametric tests and Pearson's correlations. Significance was set at p =0.05. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the single- and two-incision CTR groups with respect to pre- and post-operative DASH scores, BWCTQ scores, grip strength, pinch strength, scar tenderness, or pillar pain. The only statistically significant difference was improved sensation by Semmes-Weinstein in the single-incision group in the second finger at 6 weeks post-operatively and in the third finger at 6 months post-operatively. Conclusions The preservation of the superficial nerves and subcutaneous tissue between the thenar and hypothenar eminences may account for reports of less scar tenderness and pillar pain among recipients of two-incision CTR compared to single-incision CTR in the early post-operative period. However, there is similar post-operative recovery and improvement in grip and pinch strength and sensation after 6+ months post-operatively.
Circulating PCSK9 is a strong determinant of plasma triacylglycerols and total cholesterol in homozygous carriers of apolipoprotein ε2
Authors: Brouwers Martijn C. G. J. , van Greevenbroek Marleen M. J. , Konrad Robert J. , Troutt Jason S. , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. 
Published: December 2013

Homozygous carriers of the apolipoprotein ε2 allele are at risk of type III hyperlipidaemia, but do not necessarily develop this lipid disorder. In the present study, we have investigated the role of circulating PCSK9 (pro-protein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9), an important regulator of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor expression, in the development of this hyperlipidaemic phenotype. In an observational study, plasma PCSK9 was measured in homozygous carriers of apolipoprotein ε2 (ε2/ε2; n=12), normal controls (n=72) and hypertriglyceridaemic patients with FCHL (familial combined hyperlipidaemia; n=38), who served as a hyperlipidaemic reference group. Cholesterol, triacylglycerols (triglycerides) and apolipoprotein B content in VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) and LDL particles was determined by ultracentrifugation in ε2/ε2 and FCHL patients. Median circulating PCSK9 levels did not differ between ε2/ε2 carriers compared with controls and hypertriglyceridaemic FCHL patients (84.5 compared with 82.0 and 84.9 ng/ml; P=0.2 and 0.6 respectively). Circulating PCSK9 was associated with total cholesterol and triacylglycerols levels in ε2/ε2 carriers (P&lt;0.05). These associations were stronger in ε2/ε2 carriers when compared with controls (P values for interaction=0.01 and 0.02 respectively). A direct comparison with FCHL patients demonstrated a similar discrepancy for the association with plasma triacylglycerols and also VLDL-apolipoprotein B, cholesterol and triacylglycerols (P value for interaction=0.01, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.03 respectively). Plasma PCSK9 is associated with type III hyperlipidaemia. Its strong relationship with plasma triacylglycerols and total cholesterol distinguishes ε2/ε2 carriers from controls and another type of dyslipidaemia, which provides valuable information regarding the pathogenesis of this complex dyslipidaemia. Furthermore, these results suggest that patients with type III hyperlipidaemia may benefit from PCSK9-antagonizing therapy.
FeON-FeOFF: the Helicobacter pylori Fur regulator commutates iron-responsive transcription by discriminative readout of opposed DNA grooves
Authors: Agriesti Francesca , Roncarati Davide , Musiani Francesco , Del Campo Cristian , Iurlaro Mario , Sparla Francesca , Ciurli Stefano , Danielli Alberto , Scarlato Vincenzo 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Most transcriptional regulators bind nucleotide motifs in the major groove, although some are able to recognize molecular determinants conferred by the minor groove of DNA. Here we report a transcriptional commutator switch that exploits the alternative readout of grooves to mediate opposite output regulation for the same input signal. This mechanism accounts for the ability of the Helicobacter pylori Fur regulator to repress the expression of both iron-inducible and iron-repressible genes. When iron is scarce, Fur binds to DNA as a dimer, through the readout of thymine pairs in the major groove, repressing iron-inducible transcription (FeON). Conversely, on iron-repressible elements the metal ion acts as corepressor, inducing Fur multimerization with consequent minor groove readout of AT-rich inverted repeats (FeOFF). Our results provide first evidence for a novel regulatory paradigm, in which the discriminative readout of DNA grooves enables to toggle between the repression of genes in a mutually exclusive manner.
Molecular identification of the economically important freshwater mussels (Mollusca–Bivalvia–Unionoida) of Thailand: developing species‐specific markers from AFLPs
Authors: Vannarattanarat S. , Zieritz A. , Kanchanaketu T. , Kovitvadhi U. , Kovitvadhi S. , Hongtrakul V. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryShells of certain freshwater mussel (Unionoida) species are highly demanded and serve as raw material for a range of decorative and pharmaceutical products. In Thailand, most animals for this purpose are currently harvested from wild populations, with unionoid culture still being in its infancy. Whilst reliable species identification is a prerequisite for developing a large‐scale industry, identification by morphological means is hampered by extensive phenotypic plasticity and poor knowledge of species delimitations. To facilitate alternative molecular identification, we developed species‐specific markers for the three Thai unionoids with considerable economic potential (CEP): that is, Chamberlainia hainesiana, Hyriopsis desowitzi and Hyriopsis myersiana. For this purpose, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprints using 24 specific primer pairs were generated for eight samples of each CEP species and four samples of the closely related, non‐CEP species Contradens contradens. Cloning and sequencing of 13 CEP species‐specific AFLP bands revealed fragment collision at three occasions. In total, 16 species‐specific primer pairs were designed and tested on 92 Thai specimens spanning seven species and four genera. Thereby, specificity of (1) three primers to C. hainesiana, (2) one primer to H. desowitzi + Hyriopsis bialata, (3) one primer to H. myersiana + H. bialata and (4) four primers to all three Hyriopsis species tested was confirmed. Respective multiplex PCR protocols are provided. The developed primers enable cheap, quick and reliable identification of the Thai CEP species by one to three PCRs and offer a tool for a range of additional applications within mussel culture and ecological and evolutionary research on these important organisms.
The analgesic efficiency of combined pregabalin and ketamine for total hip arthroplasty: a randomised, double‐blind, controlled study
Authors: Martinez V. , Cymerman A. , Ben Ammar S. , Fiaud J. F. , Rapon C. , Poindessous F. , Judet T. , Chauvin M. , Bouhassira D. , Sessler D. , Mazoit X. , Fletcher D. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryKetamine and pregabalin each provide postoperative analgesia, although the combination has yet to be evaluated. One hundred and forty‐two patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty were randomly assigned to receive ketamine alone, pregabalin alone, ketamine and pregabalin combined, or placebo. Pain scores at rest and on movement, morphine consumption, side‐effects, pressure pain thresholds and secondary hyperalgesia were evaluated. Mean (SD) total 48‐h morphine use was reduced in patients given ketamine alone (52 (22) mg) and pregabalin alone (44 (20) mg) compared with placebo (77 (36) mg) p < 0.001. Morphine use was further reduced in patients given both ketamine and pregabalin (38 (19) mg) with an interaction between ketamine and pregabalin (ANOVA factorial; p = 0.028). Secondary hyperalgesia was reduced by ketamine. There were no differences between groups in pain scores after surgery, pressure pain thresholds or side‐effects. The combination of pregabalin and ketamine has a small, beneficial clinical effect.