bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lungworm disease in cats
Authors: Pennisi Maria Grazia , Hartmann Katrin , Addie Diane D , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Horzinek Marian C , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Möstl Karin ,   European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases
Published: June 2015

Overview: Cardiopulmonary nematodes are emerging parasites of cats in Europe. A number of helminth parasites may be involved. The most prevalent lungworm in domestic cats is Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. Oslerus rostratus and Troglostrongylus species are found mainly in wild cats. The trichurid Capillaria aerophila has a low host specificity and is not uncommon in cats. Additionally the lung flukes Paragonimus species are reported in many species outside of Europe, including cats. Clinical signs: Lungworm infections may be asymptomatic, or cause mild to severe respiratory signs, dependent on the worm species and burden; mixed infections are observed. Kittens can be vertically infected and may develop a more severe disease. Affected cats show a productive cough, mucopurulent nasal discharge, tachypnoea, dyspnoea and, in severe cases, respiratory failure and death. Management: Early diagnosis and treatment greatly improves the prognosis. First-stage larvae can be easily detected in fresh faecal samples; the Baermann migration method is the enrichment technique of choice, but takes 24 h. Lungworm larvae can be found in tracheal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but with less sensitivity than in faeces. Molecular methods have been developed that exhibit high specificity and sensitivity, and allow diagnosis in the prepatent phase. Treatment options include fenbendazole paste, milbemycin oxime/praziquantel and various spot-on formulations. Severe cases should receive prompt medical care in an intensive care unit. Prevention: Avoiding predation is at present the only preventive measure for pulmonary worms with indirect life cycles. Zoonotic risk: C aerophila has zoonotic potential, causing severe pulmonary disease in humans. Some Paragonimus species are also of zoonotic concern.
Cytauxzoonosis in cats
Authors: Lloret Albert , Addie Diane D , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Horzinek Marian C , Hosie Margaret J , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Möstl Karin ,   European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases
Published: June 2015

Overview: Cytauxzoon species are apicomplexan haemoparasites, which may cause severe disease in domestic cats, as well as lions and tigers. For many years, cytauxzoonosis in domestic cats was only reported in North and South America, but in recent years the infection has also been seen in Europe (Spain, France and Italy). Infection: Cytauxzoon felis is the main species; it occurs as numerous different strains or genotypes and is transmitted via ticks. Therefore, the disease shows a seasonal incidence from spring to early autumn and affects primarily cats with outdoor access in areas where tick vectors are prevalent. Domestic cats may experience subclinical infection and may also act as reservoirs. Clinical signs: Cytauxzoonosis caused by C felis in the USA is an acute or peracute severe febrile disease with non-specific signs. Haemolytic anaemia occurs frequently; in some cats neurological signs may occur in late stages. The Cytauxzoon species identified in Europe differ from C felis that causes disease in the USA and are probably less virulent. The majority of infected cats have been healthy; in some cases anaemia was found, but disease as it occurs in the USA has not been reported to date. Diagnosis: Diagnosis is usually obtained by Cytauxzoon detection in blood smears and/or fine-needle aspirates from the liver, spleen and lymph nodes. PCR assays are able to detect low levels of parasitaemia and may be used for confirmation. Treatment: Currently a combination of the antiprotozoal drugs atovaquone and azithromycin is the treatment of choice. Concurrent supportive and critical care treatment is extremely important to improve the prognosis. Cats that survive the infection may become chronic carriers for life. Prevention: Cats with outdoor access in endemic areas should receive effective tick treatment.
Hepatozoonosis in cats
Authors: Lloret Albert , Addie Diane D , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Horzinek Marian C , Hosie Margaret J , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Möstl Karin ,   European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases
Published: June 2015

Overview: Hepatozoonosis of domestic cats has been reported in several countries, mainly as a subclinical infection. Disease agent: Infection has been described mostly in areas where canine infection is present and, in recent years, Hepatozoon felis has been identified as a distinct species by molecular techniques. The vector for feline hepatozoonosis remains unknown and the pathogenesis has not been elucidated. Infection in cats: Feline hepatozoonosis is mainly a subclinical infection and few cases have been reported with clinical signs. The diagnosis of hepatozoonosis in cats can be made by observation of parasite gamonts in blood smears, parasite meronts in muscles by histopathology, and detection of parasite DNA in blood and tissue by PCR. Disease management: The treatment of choice is not known, but single cases have been treated with doxycycline or oxytetracycline and primaquine. Although the mode of transmission and the type of vector is not known, preventive treatment against blood-sucking vectors (fleas and ticks) is advised.
Protocols for uncontrolled donation after circulatory death: a systematic review of international guidelines, practices and transplant outcomes
Authors: Ortega-Deballon Iván , Hornby Laura , Shemie Sam D. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
A chronic shortage of organs remains the main factor limiting organ transplantation. Many countries have explored the option of uncontrolled donation after circulatory death (uDCD) in order to expand the donor pool. Little is known regarding the variability of practices and outcomes between existing protocols. This systematic review addresses this knowledge gap informing policy makers, researchers, and clinicians for future protocol implementation.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar electronic databases from 2005 to March 2015 as well as the reference lists of selected studies, abstracts, unpublished reports, personal libraries, professional organization reports, and government agency statements on uDCD. We contacted leading authors and organizations to request their protocols and guidelines. Two reviewers extracted main variables. In studies reporting transplant outcomes, we added type, quantity, quality of organs procured, and complications reported. Internal validity and the quality of the studies reporting outcomes were assessed, as were the methodological rigour and transparency in which a guideline was developed. The review was included in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (Prospero, CRD42014015258).

Results
Six guidelines and 18 outcome studies were analysed. The six guidelines are based on limited evidence and major differences exist between them at each step of the uDCD process. The outcome studies report good results for kidney, liver, and lung transplantation with high discard rates for livers.

Conclusions
Despite procedural, medical, economic, legal, and ethical challenges, the uDCD strategy is a viable option for increasing the organ donation pool. Variations in practice and heterogeneity of outcomes preclude a meta-analysis and prevented the linking of outcomes to specific uDCD protocols. Further standardization of protocols and outcomes is required, as is further research into the role of extracorporeal resuscitation and other novel therapies for treatment of some refractory cardiac arrest. It is essential to ensure the maintenance of trust in uDCD programs by health professionals and the public.
One-year survival and resource use after critical illness: impact of organ failure and residual organ dysfunction in a cohort study in Brazil
Authors: Ranzani Otavio T. , Zampieri Fernando G. , Besen Bruno A. M. P. , Azevedo Luciano C. P. , Park Marcelo 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
In this study, we evaluated the impacts of organ failure and residual dysfunction on 1-year survival and health care resource use using Intensive Care Unit (ICU) discharge as the starting point.

Methods
We conducted a historical cohort study, including all adult patients discharged alive after at least 72 h of ICU stay in a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. The starting point of follow-up was ICU discharge. Organ failure was defined as a value of 3 or 4 in its corresponding component of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and residual organ dysfunction was defined as a score of 1 or 2. We fit a multivariate flexible Cox model to predict 1-year survival.

Results
We analyzed 690 patients. Mortality at 1 year after discharge was 27 %. Using multivariate modeling, age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, organ dysfunctions and albumin at ICU discharge were the main determinants of 1-year survival. Age and organ failure were non-linearly associated with survival, and the impact of organ failure diminished over time. We conducted a subset analysis with 561 patients (81 %) discharged without organ failure within the previous 24 h of discharge, and the number of residual organs in dysfunction remained strongly associated with reduced 1-year survival. The use of health care resources among hospital survivors was substantial within 1 year: 40 % of the patients were rehospitalized, 52 % visited the emergency department, 90 % were seen at the outpatient clinic, 14 % attended rehabilitation outpatient services, 11 % were followed by the psychological or psychiatric service and 7 % used the day hospital facility. Use of health care resources up to 30 days after hospital discharge was associated with the number of organs in dysfunction at ICU discharge.

Conclusions
Organ failure was an important determinant of 1-year outcome of critically ill survivors. Nevertheless, the impact of organ failure tended to diminish over time. Resource use after critical illness was elevated among ICU survivors, and a targeted action is needed to deliver appropriate care and to reduce the late critical illness burden.
Persistently elevated osteopontin serum levels predict mortality in critically ill patients
Authors: Roderburg Christoph , Benz Fabian , Cardenas David Vargas , Lutz Matthias , Hippe Hans-Joerg , Luedde Tom , Trautwein Christian , Frey Norbert , Koch Alexander , Tacke Frank , Luedde Mark 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Inflammatory, autoimmune and metabolic disorders have been associated with alterations in osteopontin (OPN) serum levels. Furthermore, elevated serum levels of OPN were reported from a small cohort of patients with sepsis. We therefore analyzed OPN serum concentrations in a large cohort of critically ill medical patients.

Methods
A total of 159 patients (114 with sepsis, 45 without sepsis) were studied prospectively upon admission to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) as well as after 3 days of ICU treatment and compared to 50 healthy controls. Clinical data, various laboratory parameters as well as investigational inflammatory cytokine profiles were assessed. Patients were followed for approximately 1 year.

Results
We found significantly elevated serum levels of OPN at admission to the ICU and after 3 days of treatment in critically ill patients compared to healthy controls. OPN concentrations were related to disease severity and significantly correlated with established prognosis scores and classical as well as experimental markers of inflammation and multi-organ failure. In the total cohort, OPN levels decreased from admission to day 3 of ICU treatment. However, persistently elevated OPN levels at day 3 of ICU treatment were a strong independent predictor for an unfavorable prognosis, with similar or better diagnostic accuracy than routinely used markers of organ failure or prognostic scoring systems such as SAPS2 or APACHE II score.

Conclusions
Persistently elevated OPN serum concentrations are associated with an unfavourable outcome in patients with critical illness, independent of the presence of sepsis. Besides a possible pathogenic role of OPN in critical illness, our study indicates a potential value for OPN as a prognostic biomarker in critically ill patients during the early course of ICU treatment.
The impact of read length on quantification of differentially expressed genes and splice junction detection
Authors: Chhangawala Sagar , Rudy Gabe , Mason Christopher E. , Rosenfeld Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background
The initial next-generation sequencing technologies produced reads of 25 or 36 bp, and only from a single-end of the library sequence. Currently, it is possible to reliably produce 300 bp paired-end sequences for RNA expression analysis. While read lengths have consistently increased, people have assumed that longer reads are more informative and that paired-end reads produce better results than single-end reads. We used paired-end 101 bp reads and trimmed them to simulate different read lengths, and also separated the pairs to produce single-end reads. For each read length and paired status, we evaluated differential expression levels between two standard samples and compared the results to those obtained by qPCR.

Results
We found that, with the exception of 25 bp reads, there is little difference for the detection of differential expression regardless of the read length. Once single-end reads are at a length of 50 bp, the results do not change substantially for any level up to, and including, 100 bp paired-end. However, splice junction detection significantly improves as the read length increases with 100 bp paired-end showing the best performance. We performed the same analysis on two ENCODE samples and found consistent results confirming that our conclusions have broad application.

Conclusions
A researcher could save substantial resources by using 50 bp single-end reads for differential expression analysis instead of using longer reads. However, splicing detection is unquestionably improved by paired-end and longer reads. Therefore, an appropriate read length should be used based on the final goal of the study.
The Punta Allen cooperative as an emblematic example of a sustainable small-scale fishery in the Mexican Caribbean
Authors: Méndez-Medina Crisol , Schmook Birgit , McCandless Susannah R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present an institutional ethnography and historical case study of the Vigía Chico fishing cooperative, located in the community of Punta Allen within the Biosphere Reserve of Sian Ka’an, México. The top producer of spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) in the state of Quintana Roo for over 30 years, this cooperative has been claimed as an example of a sustainable artisanal fishery. To better understand and assess this success story, we performed an in-depth study of multiple factors to analyze their influence on the cooperative’s success. The indicators selected were level and form of social organization, resilience to socio-environmental perturbations, changes in fishing gear, and the fishing concession as avenue to cementing institutional success. We conducted ethnographic fieldwork over five months, complemented by an in-depth analysis of the cooperative assembly’s minutes. We found that the knowledge the cooperative acquired of the functioning of Mexican public policies was a factor in their success. Cooperative leaders were able to translate that knowledge in ways that benefitted the cooperative, enabling them to build a set of policy-responsive operational rules that could be effectively applied to artisanal fisheries more broadly. The isolated conditions of the area and the presence of natural perturbations such as hurricanes forced the community to increase their willingness to cooperate, and improved their capacity to respond as a group to perturbations. These successes in turn demonstrated the value of cooperative approaches to achieve individual and collective livelihood goals, within and beyond fishing. Such approaches have been further enhanced by the incorporation of academic knowledge and scientific techniques. We conclude that Punta Allen is a successful example of a community that has managed to creatively engage public policy instruments and translate them into effective local practices, enabling organizational persistence despite repeated changes in policies governing fisheries in Mexico.
What can business learn from humanitarian supply chains? The case of the Spanish red cross in Haiti
Authors: Diaz Angel , Tachizawa Elcio Mendonça 
Published: June 2015

This paper analyzes the response of the Spanish Red Cross to the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, looking for clues of the remarkable lean-agile performance of this organization, and how they could be applied to business operations. The paper first looks into the history and organization of the Red Cross, analyzing in more detail the deployment of the Spanish Red Cross in the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Five clues to the performance of the Red Cross are identified: a global, multi-level organization; modularity; standardization; knowledge management; and flexible funding mechanisms. These findings are then put into the framework of humanitarian logistics. Finally, the possible extension of the findings to business operations is discussed.DOI:10.12660/joscmv8n1p1-15 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv8n1p1-15
A Survey of Teenagers’ Attitudes Toward Moving Oral Contraceptives Over the Counter
Authors: Manski Ruth , Kottke Melissa 
Published: June 2015

CONTEXTEvidence suggests that over‐the‐counter access to oral contraceptives may help expand use among adult women. Teenagers may particularly benefit from this approach, as they experience disproportionately high rates of unintended pregnancy and face unique challenges accessing contraceptives. However, limited research has explored teenagers’ attitudes toward over‐the‐counter access.METHODSIn 2014, a sample of 348 females aged 14–17, recruited via Facebook advertisements, participated in an online survey assessing teenagers’ attitudes toward over‐the‐counter access and their understanding of how to use oral contraceptives after reading a prototype over‐the‐counter product label. Differences by participants’ characteristics were assessed in bivariate analyses (Pearson chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests for categorical measures, and independent t tests and one‐way analyses of variance for continuous measures).RESULTSSeventy‐three percent of participants supported over‐the‐counter access, and 61% reported that they would likely use oral contraceptives available through this approach. Few subgroup differences were found. Notably, sexually experienced participants were significantly more likely than others both to support this approach (85% vs. 63%) and to be interested in obtaining oral contraceptives this way (77% vs. 48%). Participants understood an average of 7.1 of eight key concepts that the prototype product label was intended to convey; no significant differences were found among subgroups.CONCLUSIONSOver‐the‐counter access may be a promising approach for providing oral contraceptives to teenagers. Additional research is needed to evaluate whether teenagers can screen themselves for contraindications to oral contraceptive use and correctly use oral contraceptives obtained over the counter.
It’s vestimentary, my dear Watson: Disguise, criminality, and British luxury fashion in Sherlock
Authors: Johnson Allan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article looks at the portrayal of disguise, criminality and British luxury fashion in the BBC’s Sherlock (2010–). Co-creators Mark Gatiss and Steven Moffat have re-imagined Arthur Conan Doyle’s depiction of Victorian crime and appearance through the self-reflexive representation of contemporary British luxury fashion design – including Vivienne Westwood and Alexander McQueen – as a mode of disguise that can alternatively hide or reveal characters. This article argues that Sherlock draws upon Arthur Conan Doyle’s rendering of the will of the individual in an increasingly modern metropolis, while satirically detailing the persistence of late-Victorian perceptions of agency and transgressive identity as represented by what one chooses to wear.
Reviews
Authors: Perthuis Karen de , Pajaczkowska Claire 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
When too much spectacle is not enough: Costume in Baz Luhrmann’s The Great Gatsby
Dressing Dangerously: Dysfunctional Fashion in Film, Jonathan Faiers (2013) New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 304 pp. ISBN 978-0-300-18438-9, £35
Mobilities of Architecture in the Global Cold War: From Socialist Poland to Kuwait and Back
Authors: Stanek Ukasz 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article discusses the contribution of professionals from socialist countries to architecture and urban planning in Kuwait in the final two decades of the Cold War. In so doing, it historicizes the accelerating circulation of labour, building materials, discourses, images, and affects facilitated by world-wide, regional and local networks. By focusing on a group of Polish architects, this article shows how their work in Kuwait in the 1970s and 1980s responded to the disenchantment with architecture and urbanization processes of the preceding two decades, felt as much in the Gulf as in socialist Poland. In Kuwait, this disenchantment was expressed by a turn towards images, ways of use, and patterns of movement referring to ‘traditional’ urbanism, reinforced by Western debates in postmodernism and often at odds with the social realities of Kuwaiti urbanization. Rather than considering this shift as an architectural ‘mediation’ between (global) technology and (local) culture, this article shows how it was facilitated by re-contextualized expert systems, such as construction technologies or Computer Aided Design software (CAD), and also by the specific portable ‘profile’ of experts from socialist countries. By showing the multilateral knowledge flows of the period between Eastern Europe and the Gulf, this article challenges diffusionist notions of architecture’s globalization as ‘Westernization’ and reconceptualizes the genealogy of architectural practices as these became world-wide.
Keynes, Piketty, and Basic Income
Authors: Crocker Geoff 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEconomic theory is traced through neo-classicism, Keynes, monetarism, and Thomas Piketty. I argue that Keynes achieved an established radical intellectual breakthrough, a consistent verifiable model, and successful policy implementation, whereas neo-classical economics and later monetarism offered only partial analyses. Thomas Piketty’s