bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Self-Reported Fatigue, Stress, and Depression in First-Year Osteopathic Medical Students
Authors: Wiegand Sarah , Bianchi William , Quinn Thomas A. , Best Mark , Fotopoulos Thomas 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Context: During medical education, many students experience psychological distress, including symptoms such as fatigue, stress, and depression.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on self-perceived fatigue, stress, and depression in first-year osteopathic medical students.

Methods: This randomized controlled pilot study with repeated measures was conducted at the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine-Bradenton in Florida during the fall 2012 semester. First-year osteopathic medical students voluntarily enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to directed OMT (D-OMT), nondirected OMT (ND-OMT), or control groups. The D-OMT and ND-OMT groups received treatment by osteopathic physicians weekly for 4 weeks. The control group received no treatment. All groups completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Self-Perceived Stress Scale (SPSS), and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) depression scale before treatment (pretest), after 2 treatments (midtest), and after 4 treatments (posttest).

Results: All participants self-reported as white and single, with both sexes equally represented, and had an mean age of 24 years. Analysis of ESS scores revealed a statistically significant decrease in the D-OMT group from pretest and posttest scores and a statistically significant increase in the ND-OMT group from pretest to midtest but not from pretest to posttest scores. No statistically significant differences were noted in the control group scores on this measure. No statistically significant differences were seen in the SPSS or PHQ-9 scores from pretest to midtest or pretest to posttest in any of the 3 groups.

Conclusion: The D-OMT regimen used in the current study produced a statistically significant decrease in self-perceived fatigue in first-year osteopathic medical students. Osteopathic manipulative treatment represents a potential modality to reduce self-perceived distress in medical students. Further research is warranted.
Stress drops for intermediate‐depth intraslab earthquakes beneath Hokkaido, northern Japan: Differences between the subducting oceanic crust and mantle events
Authors: Kita Saeko , Katsumata Kei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSpatial variations in the stress drop for 1726 intermediate‐depth intraslab earthquakes were examined in the subducting Pacific plate beneath Hokkaido, using precisely relocated hypocenters, the corner frequencies of events, and detailed determined geometry of the upper interface of the Pacific plate. The results show that median stress drop for intraslab earthquakes generally increases with an increase in depth from ∼10 to 157 Mpa at depths of 70–300 km. More specifically, median stress drops for events in the oceanic crust decrease (9.9–6.8 MPa) at depths of 70–120 km and increase (6.8–17 MPa) at depths of 120–170 km, whereas median stress drop for events in the oceanic mantle decrease (21.6–14.0 MPa) at depths of 70–170 km, where the geometry of the Pacific plate is well determined. The increase in stress drop with depth in the oceanic crust at depths of 120–170 km, for which several studies have shown an increase in velocity, can be explained by an increase in the velocity and a decrease in the water content due to the phase boundary with dehydration in the oceanic crust. Stress drops for events in the oceanic mantle were larger than those for events in the oceanic crust at depths of 70–120 km. Differences in both the rigidity of the rock types and in the rupture mechanisms for events between the oceanic crust and mantle could be causes for the stress drop differences within a slab.
Exploring storage and runoff generation processes for urban flooding through a physically based watershed model
Authors: Smith B. K. , Smith J. A. , Baeck M. L. , Miller A. J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA physically based model of the 14 km2 Dead Run watershed in Baltimore County, MD was created to test the impacts of detention basin storage and soil storage on the hydrologic response of a small urban watershed during flood events. The Dead Run model was created using the Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) algorithms and validated using U.S. Geological Survey stream gaging observations for the Dead Run watershed and 5 subbasins over the largest 21 warm season flood events during 2008–2012. Removal of the model detention basins resulted in a median peak discharge increase of 11% and a detention efficiency of 0.5, which was defined as the percent decrease in peak discharge divided by percent detention controlled area. Detention efficiencies generally decreased with increasing basin size. We tested the efficiency of detention basin networks by focusing on the “drainage network order,” akin to the stream order but including storm drains, streams, and culverts. The detention efficiency increased dramatically between first‐order detention and second‐order detention but was similar for second and third‐order detention scenarios. Removal of the soil compacted layer, a common feature in urban soils, resulted in a 7% decrease in flood peak discharges. This decrease was statistically similar to the flood peak decrease caused by existing detention. Current soil storage within the Dead Run watershed decreased flood peak discharges by a median of 60%. Numerical experiment results suggested that detention basin storage and increased soil storage have the potential to substantially decrease flood peak discharges.
Ortsaufgelöste Festkörper‐NMR‐Studien am “Trigger‐Faktor” im Komplex mit der großen ribosomalen 50S‐Untereinheit
Authors: Barbet‐Massin Emeline , Huang Chih‐Ting , Daebel Venita , Hsu Shang‐Te Danny , Reif Bernd 
Published: February 2015

AbstractVerschiedene Aspekte der Funktionsweise des Ribosomes sind trotz der Verfügbarkeit hochaufgelöster Röntgenstrukturen bislang nicht gut verstanden. Wir zeigen erste Festkörper‐NMR‐Daten, die an einem prokaryotischen Ribosomkomplex aufgenommen wurden. Wir beobachten definierte Veränderungen der chemischen Verschiebung und Linienverbreiterungen von Rückgratamid‐Resonanzen in den Bereichen von “Trigger‐Faktor”, die an der Bindung beteiligt sind. Die Kombination von Protondetektion und hohen MAS‐Frequenzen (60 kHz) macht die Untersuchung dieses großen asymmetrischen Proteinkomplexes (1.4 MDa) möglich. Die gezeigten Ergebnisse eröffnen neue Perspektiven für die Untersuchung des Funktionsmechanismus großer molekularer Maschinen.
Structure and Reactivity of an Isolable Seven‐Membered‐Ring trans‐Alkene
Authors: Hurlocker Brisa , Hu Chunhua , Woerpel K. A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe isolation and characterization of a trans‐oxasilacycloheptene is reported. Single‐crystal X‐ray crystallographic studies indicate a high level of strain and deviation from ideal geometry. Reactions with several electrophiles demonstrated the nucleophilicity of the CC double bond, affording oxasilacycloheptane and tetrahydrofuran products as single diastereomers.
Guest‐Induced Transformation of a Porphyrin‐Edged FeII4L6 Capsule into a CuIFeII2L4 Fullerene Receptor
Authors: Wood Daniel M. , Meng Wenjing , Ronson Tanya K. , Stefankiewicz Artur R. , Sanders Jeremy K. M. , Nitschke Jonathan R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe combination of a bent diamino(nickel(II) porphyrin) with 2‐formylpyridine and FeII yielded an FeII4L6 cage. Upon treatment with the fullerenes C60 or C70, this cage was found to transform into a new host–guest complex incorporating three FeII centers and four porphyrin ligands, in an arrangement that is hypothesized to maximize π interactions between the porphyrin units of the host and the fullerene guest bound within its central cavity. The new complex shows coordinative unsaturation at one of the FeII centers as the result of the incommensurate metal‐to‐ligand ratio, which enabled the preparation of a heterometallic cone‐shaped CuIFeII2L4 adduct of C60 or C70.
The Structure of the Aluminum Fumarate Metal–Organic Framework A520
Authors: Alvarez Elsa , Guillou Nathalie , Martineau Charlotte , Bueken Bart , Van de Voorde Ben , Le Guillouzer Clément , Fabry Paul , Nouar Farid , Taulelle Francis , de Vos Dirk , Chang Jong‐San , Cho Kyoung Ho , Ramsahye Naseem , Devic Thomas , Daturi Marco , Maurin Guillaume , Serre Christian 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of the commercially available aluminum fumarate sample A520 has been optimized and its structure analyzed through a combination of powder diffraction, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, molecular simulation, IR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. A520 is an analogue of the MIL‐53(Al)‐BDC solid, but with a more rigid behavior. The differences between the commercial and the optimized samples in terms of defects have been investigated by in situ IR spectroscopy and correlated to their catalytic activity for ethanol dehydration.
Dissecting Molecular Aspects of Cell Interactions Using Glycodendrimersomes with Programmable Glycan Presentation and Engineered Human Lectins
Authors: Zhang Shaodong , Moussodia Ralph‐Olivier , Murzeau Claire , Sun Hao‐Jan , Klein Michael L. , Vértesy Sabine , André Sabine , Roy René , Gabius Hans‐Joachim , Percec Virgil 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGlycodendrimersomes with programmable surface display of glycan, together with artificially engineered galectins, were used to understand the physiological significance of human lectins with homodimeric and tandem‐repeat‐type displays. The mode of topological surface presentation and the density of glycan affected vesicle aggregation mediated by multivalent carbohydrate–protein interactions. The cross‐linking capacity of homodimeric lectins was enhanced by covalent connection of the two carbohydrate‐binding sites. These findings highlight the value of glycodendrimersomes as versatile cell membrane mimetics, and assays provide diagnostic tools for protein functionality. This work also provides guidelines for the design of cell separators, bioactive matrices, bioeffectors, and other biomedical applications.
Intercalation of Highly Dispersed Metal Nanoclusters into a Layered Metal Oxide for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Oshima Takayoshi , Lu Daling , Ishitani Osamu , Maeda Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMetal nanoclusters (involving metals such as platinum) with a diameter smaller than 1 nm were deposited on the interlayer nanospace of KCa2Nb3O10 using the electrostatic attraction between a cationic metal complex (e.g., [Pt(NH3)4]Cl2) and a negatively charged two‐dimensional Ca2Nb3O10− sheet, without the aid of any additional reagent. The material obtained possessed eight‐fold greater photocatalytic activity for water splitting into H2 and O2 under band‐gap irradiation than the previously reported analog using a RuO2 promoter. This study highlighted the superior functionality of Pt nanoclusters with diameters smaller than 1 nm for photocatalytic overall water splitting. This material shows the greatest efficiency among nanosheet‐based photocatalysts reported to date.
Generating and Trapping Metalla‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Ruiz Javier , García Lucía , Vivanco Marilín , Berros Ángela , Van der Maelen Juan Francisco 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBy means of a combined experimental and theoretical approach, the electronic features and chemical behavior of metalla‐N‐heterocyclic carbenes (MNHCs, N‐heterocyclic carbenes containing a metal atom within the heterocyclic skeleton) have been established and compared with those of classical NHCs. MNHCs are strongly basic (proton affinity and pKa values around 290 kcal mol−1 and 36, respectively) with a narrow singlet–triplet gap (around 23 kcal mol−1). MNHCs can be generated from the corresponding metalla‐imidazolium salts and trapped by addition of transition‐metal complexes affording the corresponding heterodimetallic dicarbene derivatives, which can serve as carbene transfer agents.
Light‐Gated Molecular Brakes Based on Pentiptycene‐Incorporated Azobenzenes
Authors: Tan Wei Shyang , Chuang Po‐Ya , Chen Chia‐Huei , Prabhakar Chetti , Huang Shing‐Jong , Huang Shou‐Ling , Liu Yi‐Hung , Lin Ying‐Chih , Peng Shie‐Ming , Yang Jye‐Shane 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThree azobenzene derivatives (2 R, 2 OR, and 2 NR) that differed in their terminal substituent (alkyl, alkyloxy, and dialkylamino, respectively) have been synthesized and investigated as molecular brakes, in which the rigid H‐shaped pentiptycene group functioned as a rotor and the dinitrophenyl group as a “brake pad”. The E and Z isomers of these compounds corresponded to the “brake‐off” and “brake‐on” states, respectively. The rotation rate of the rotor was evaluated by VT NMR spectroscopy for the brake‐on state and by DFT calculations for the brake‐off state. The difference between the rotation rates for the rotor in the two states was as large as eight orders of magnitude at ambient temperature. Photochemical switching of the azobenzene moieties afforded efficiencies of 55–67 %. A combination of photochemical E→Z and thermal Z→E isomerization promoted the switching efficiency up to 78 %. The terminal substituent affected both the photochemical and thermal switching efficiencies. Solvent polarity also played an important role in the lifetimes of the Z isomers. These azobenzene systems displayed similar braking powers but superior switching efficiencies to the stilbene analogue (1O R; ca. 60 % vs 20 %).
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to Methyl 4,4,4‐Trifluorocrotonate: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Trifluoromethylated Compounds
Authors: Zhang Li‐Ying , Zhou Jia‐Hui , Xu Yun‐He , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed enantioselective 1,4‐conjugate addition of methyl 4,4,4‐trifluorocrotonate with aliphatic Grignard reagents to access an asymmetric tertiary carbon center attached with a trifluoromethyl group was achieved under mild reaction conditions. The desired products could be obtained in reasonable yields and good enantioselectivities.
Laboruntersuchungen zum Materialverhalten von Tonbeton
Authors: Becker Andreas , Vrettos Christos 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBetone werden in Dichtwänden aufgrund ihrer geringen Durchlässigkeit und ihrer Beständigkeit bei großen hydraulischen Gradienten oftmals in Staudämmen oder in deren Untergrund als Abdichtungsmaßnahme eingesetzt. Normalbeton weist im Vergleich zu anderen Materialien einen vergleichsweise hohen Elastizitätsmodul auf, sodass insbesondere bei einer dynamischen Beanspruchung wie Erdbebeneinwirkung Probleme hinsichtlich des spröden Materialverhaltens auftreten können. Diesem Problem kann man begegnen, indem der Betonmischung ein bestimmter Prozentsatz an Feinmaterial beigegeben wird. Der Elastizitätsmodul wird dadurch verringert und es kommt zu einer höheren Duktilität des Materials. Als Zugabematerial bieten sich Tone sowie Bentonite an. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden bodenmechanische Versuche an einer als Tonbeton bezeichneten Mischung vorgestellt. Für Proben mit unterschiedlichem Probenalter werden einaxiale Druckfestigkeiten, Biegezugfestigkeiten, Scherfestigkeitsparameter in Triaxialversuchen sowie Wasserdurchlässigkeitsbeiwerte ermittelt.Laboratory investigations on the material behaviour of plastic concreteConcrete cut‐off walls are often used as a water barrier in earth dams or their foundation due to the low permeability and resistance to large hydraulic gradients. Regular concrete has in comparison to other materials a relatively high modulus of elasticity. Due to the brittle material behavior this may cause problems in particular under dynamic loading during seismic action. This drawback can be handled by adding a certain percentage of fine‐grained material into the concrete mix, thus reducing the elastic modulus and increasing the ductility of the material. Suitable additives are clay powders or bentonites. In the present paper soil mechanical tests on a mixture known as plastic concrete are presented. Unconfined compressive strength, flexural strength, shear strength parameters under triaxial compression and water permeability coefficients are assessed in dependency on the specimen age.
Chemical synthesis of a polypeptide backbone derived from the primary sequence of the cancer protein NY‐ESO‐1 enabled by kinetically controlled ligation and pseudoprolines
Authors: Harris Paul W. R. , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe cancer protein NY‐ESO‐1 has been shown to be one of the most promising vaccine candidates although little is known about its cellular function. Using a chemical protein strategy, the 180 amino acid polypeptide, tagged with an arginine solubilizing tail, was assembled in a convergent manner from four unprotected peptide α‐thioester peptide building blocks and one cysteinyl polypeptide, which were in turn prepared by Boc and Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) respectively. To facilitate the assembly by ligation chemistries, non‐native cysteines were introduced as chemical handles into the polypeptide fragments; pseudoproline dipeptides and microwave assisted Fmoc SPPS were crucial techniques to prepare the challenging hydrophobic C‐terminal fragment. Three sequential kinetically controlled ligations, which exploited the reactivity between peptide arylthioesters and peptide alkylthioesters, were then used in order to assemble the more tractable N‐terminal region of NY‐ESO‐1. The ensuing 147 residue polypeptide thioester then underwent successful final native chemical ligation with the very hydrophobic C‐terminal polypeptide bearing an N‐terminal cysteine affording the 186 residue polypeptide as an advanced intermediate en route to the native NY‐ESO‐1 protein. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 116–127, 2015.
Ordered Hexagonal Mesoporous Aluminosilicates and their Application in Ligand‐Free Synthesis of Secondary Amines
Authors: Srinivasu Pavuluri , Venkanna Dupati , Kantam Mannepalli Lakshmi , Tang Jing , Bhargava Suresh K. , Aldalbahi Ali , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new facile synthesis of ordered mesoporous aluminosilicates has been developed and applied for the efficient catalytic synthesis of N‐benzyl secondary amines under ligand and base‐free conditions. The MAS(38) catalyst with a well‐ordered mesoporous structure and strong acidic sites was used for acid‐catalyzed organic transformations and its operational simplicity and ease of its isolation procedure make it an attractive alternative to current methodologies.
Modeling of Mass Transfer in an Internal Loop Airlift Reactor
Authors: Luo Lijia , Yuan Jingqi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA complete mass transfer model was established for an internal loop airlift reactor. All sections of the reactor, including bottom, riser, top, and downcomer, were taken into account. A numerical method was developed to solve the mass transfer model. The effectiveness of the model was validated by experimental measurements. Based on numerical results of the model, the dynamical mass transfer process in the reactor was analyzed in detail. Some mass transfer characteristics of the airlift reactor were revealed. The results indicated that the proposed model well predicted the mass transfer in the internal loop airlift reactor.
Assessment of Scale‐Up Parameters of Microwave‐Assisted Extraction via the Extraction of Flavonoids from Cocoa Leaves
Authors: Chan Chung‐Hung , Yusoff Rozita , Ngoh Gek‐Cheng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted extraction (MAE) is a promising technique for the extraction of flavonoid compounds from plants. However, it is difficult to scale up due to the complex mass transfer involved. This has prompted the study of parameters for scaling up the system by considering energy‐related parameters, i.e. the nominal power density and the absorbed power density (APD). Modeling of MAE of flavonoid compounds from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) leaves using the film theory model was performed for this purpose. Operating parameters such as the sample particle size, the solvent‐to‐feed ratio, and the microwave irradiation power were also included in the kinetic study. The APD exhibited its aptitude as scaling‐up parameter as it can characterize both the extraction kinetics and the extraction yields of MAE. Furthermore, it can be used as a reference for predicting the optimum extraction time of MAE under various heating conditions.
Columnar Liquid‐Crystalline Dinaphthoperylenetetracarboxdiimides
Authors: Ferreira Marli , Girotto Edivandro , Bentaleb Ahmed , Hillard Elizabeth A. , Gallardo Hugo , Durola Fabien , Bock Harald 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAlthough the double Friedel–Crafts acylation of arenes with ethyl chloroglyoxylate is hindered by the strongly deactivating effect of the first‐entering glyoxylic substituent, the double reaction is successful with the reactive arene perylene under long reaction times and with concomitant ester hydrolysis. The reaction is regiospecific, giving the 3,9‐regioisomer exclusively. This perylenylenediglyoxylic acid is condensed first with o‐bromophenylacetic acid and then with α‐branched alkylamines to yield the title compounds. Whilst the corresponding tetraalkyl esters only show monotropic mesophases, these diimides show enantiotropic columnar mesophases that can be maintained at room temperature if racemically branched alkyl chains of moderate size are used. A palladium‐induced CC bond migration during the build‐up of the arene system leads to an isomeric side product of reduced symmetry that can be isolated by aggregation‐controlled chromatographic separation. The HOMO and LUMO energies of the title compounds are considerably higher than those of established perylenetetracarboxdiimides.
Concerning the Deactivation of Cobalt(III)‐Based Porphyrin and Salen Catalysts in Epoxide/CO2 Copolymerization
Authors: Xia Wei , Salmeia Khalifah A. , Vagin Sergei I. , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFunctioning as active catalysts for propylene oxide (PO) and carbon dioxide copolymerization, cobalt(III)‐based salen and porphyrin complexes have drawn great attention owing to their readily modifiable nature and promising catalytic behavior, such as high selectivity for the copolymer formation and good regioselectivity with respect to the polymer microstructure. Both cobalt(III)–salen and porphyrin catalysts have been found to undergo reduction reactions to their corresponding catalytically inactive cobalt(II) species in the presence of propylene oxide, as evidenced by UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopies and X‐ray crystallography (for cobalt(II)–salen). Further investigations on a TPPCoCl (TPP=tetraphenylporphyrin) and NaOMe system reveal that such a catalyst reduction is attributed to the presence of alkoxide anions. Kinetic studies of the redox reaction of TPPCoCl with NaOMe suggests a pseudo‐first order in cobalt(III)–porphyrin. The addition of a co‐catalyst, namely bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride (PPNCl), into the reaction system of cobalt(III)–salen/porphyrin and PO shows no direct stabilizing effect. However, the results of PO/CO2 copolymerization by cobalt(III)–salen/porphyrin with PPNCl suggest a suppressed catalyst reduction. This phenomenon is explained by a rapid transformation of the alkoxide into the carbonate chain end in the course of the polymer formation, greatly shortening the lifetime of the autoreducible PO‐ring‐opening intermediates, cobalt(III)–salen/porphyrin alkoxides.