bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Septic single-stage knee arthrodesis after failed total knee arthroplasty using a cemented coupled nail
Authors: Hawi N. , Kendoff D. , Citak M. , Gehrke T. , Haasper C. 
Published: May 2015

Knee arthrodesis is a potential salvage procedure for limb preservation after failure of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to infection. In this study, we evaluated the outcome of single-stage knee arthrodesis using an intramedullary cemented coupled nail without bone-on-bone fusion after failed and infected TKA with extensor mechanism deficiency. Between 2002 and 2012, 27 patients (ten female, 17 male; mean age 68.8 years; 52 to 87) were treated with septic single-stage exchange. Mean follow-up duration was 67.1months (24 to 143, n = 27) (minimum follow-up 24 months) and for patients with a minimum follow-up of five years 104.9 (65 to 143,; n = 13). A subjective patient evaluation (Short Form (SF)-36) was obtained, in addition to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The mean VAS score was 1.44 (SD 1.48). At final follow-up, four patients had recurrent infections after arthrodesis (14.8%). Of these, three patients were treated with a one-stage arthrodesis nail exchange; one of the three patients had an aseptic loosening with a third single-stage exchange, and one patient underwent knee amputation for uncontrolled sepsis at 108 months. All patients, including the amputee, indicated that they would choose arthrodesis again. Data indicate that a single-stage knee arthrodesis offers an acceptable salvage procedure after failed and infected TKA.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:649–53.
General versus spinal anaesthesia for patients aged 70 years and older with a fracture of the hip
Authors: Basques B. A. , Bohl D. D. , Golinvaux N. S. , Samuel A. M. , Grauer J. G. 
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to compare the operating time, length of stay (LOS), adverse events and rate of re-admission for elderly patients with a fracture of the hip treated using either general or spinal anaesthesia. Patients aged ≥ 70 years who underwent surgery for a fracture of the hip between 2010 and 2012 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Of the 9842 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 7253 (73.7%) were treated with general anaesthesia and 2589 (26.3%) with spinal anaesthesia. On propensity-adjusted multivariate analysis, general anaesthesia was associated with slightly increased operating time (+5 minutes, 95% confidence interval (CI) +4 to +6, p < 0.001) and post-operative time in the operating room (+5 minutes, 95% CI +2 to +8, p < 0.001) compared with spinal anaesthesia. General anaesthesia was associated with a shorter LOS (hazard ratio (HR) 1.28, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.34, p < 0.001). Any adverse event (odds ratio (OR) 1.21, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.32, p < 0.001), thromboembolic events (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.89, p = 0.003), any minor adverse event (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.32, p < 0.001), and blood transfusion (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.49, p < 0.001) were associated with general anaesthesia. General anaesthesia was associated with decreased rates of urinary tract infection (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.87, p < 0.001). There was no clear overall advantage of one type of anaesthesia over the other, and surgeons should be aware of the specific risks and benefits associated with each type. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:689–95.
Teachers’ experiences with formative assessment in primary art education
Authors: Ní Bhroin Máire 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article examines the experiences of six teachers who participated in an action research project using formative assessment (FA) in their teaching of art with pupils from 4 to 12 years of age. It emanates from a larger study conducted in Ireland from June 2011 to February 2013 investigating various aspects of FA in primary art education. Data relating to the teachers’ experiences in this qualitative study include pupils’ artworks, transcripts of interviews with the teachers and their answers to follow-up e-mails a year after completion of the project. Analysis of data revealed that teachers believed the use of FA in art education considerably enhanced teaching and learning in a number of ways. However, there were also challenges to implementing FA successfully. These findings have significant pedagogical implications for primary art education.
Accommodating visual art in a high-stakes public examination
Authors: Stapleton Hazel 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article discusses issues relating to the assessment of visual art in the Irish Leaving Certificate Examination, which is a high-stakes terminal examination for school leavers taken at the end of their secondary education. There is an expectation from stakeholders, which includes the students themselves, their parents and the users of the results that in a state-run examination every subject examined, be it mathematics or visual art, will conform to the basic principles of validity, reliability and freedom from bias. In order to achieve these aims for visual art as a subject, two conditions must be ensured: first, the assessment technique used must be a valid and reliable reporting mechanism for student achievement; and second the assessment of learning in art must be capable of standing up to equal rigour of inspection in its processes and techniques as do other subjects. The challenges of finding a model that is both ‘art fair’ and ‘assessment fair’ are identified along with some insightful research findings.
Analysis of Some Agronomic Traits of Durum Wheat Under Dryland and Supplemental Irrigation Conditions
Authors: Afrooz Gohar , Sabaghnia Naser , Karimizadeh Rahmatollah , Shekari Fariborz 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Knowledge about the extent of variability and the association among traits are of a high value for any breeding efforts. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the agro-morphological traits in a set of durum wheat genotypes under supplemental irrigation and dry land conditions. Results showed that principal component (PC) analysis had grouped the measured traits into four main components that altogether accounted for 77% of the total variation under non-stressed condition and 87% under water-stressed condition. With regard to the first four PCs, peduncle length, agronomic score, grain yield, vigority, test weight, days to physiological maturity and thousand kernel weight have shown to be the most important variables affecting the performance of durum wheat under non-stressed condition. In the first four PCs at the water- stressed condition, agronomic score, grain yield, vigority, days to physiological maturity, test weight and peduncle length have been shown to be the important variables under water-stressed condition. The results of factor analysis relatively confirmed the results of PC analysis. Our findings indicated that a selection strategy should take into consideration of agronomic score and days to physiological maturity under non-stressed condition while plant height and spike length under water-stressed condition. Therefore, the above-mentioned traits could be used as indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of grain yield in durum wheat, especially in early generations of breeding programmes
Effects of methoxyfenozide on ecdysone receptor
complex expression in larval Asian gypsy moth
Authors: Wu Shao-ping , Sun Li-li , Zhong Hua , Yan Shan-chun , Wu Hong-qu , Wang Zhi-ying , Cao Chuan-wang 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
As a target of insect growth regulators, the
ecdysone receptor complex binds ecdysone agonists
to regulate gene transcription, development, and
growth. To understand the response of Lymantria dispar
to methoxyfenozide, we studied receptor complex
transcription profiles following larval exposure to
methoxyfenozide, and observed important variations
amongst post-embryonic stages. After the exposure of
2nd and 3rd instar larvae to LC5 and LC20 methoxyfenozide
for 72 h, the transcription levels of ecdysone receptor
complex genes were mainly upregulated in 2nd instar
larvae, but downregulated in 3rd instar larvae. These
results provide expression characteristics of the ecdysone
receptor complex in L. dispar larvae after methoxyfenozide
exposure.
ACTH after 15 min distinguishes between Cushing's disease and ectopic Cushing's syndrome: a proposal for a short and simple CRH test
Authors: Ritzel Katrin , Beuschlein Felix , Berr Christina , Osswald Andrea , Reisch Nicole , Bidlingmaier Martin , Schneider Harald , Honegger Jürgen , Geyer Lucas L. , Schopohl Jochen , Reincke Martin 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to validate criteria of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation and 8 mg dexamethasone suppression (high-dose dexamethasone suppression, HDDS) to distinguish the etiology of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome.Subjects and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed cortisol and ACTH after the injection of 100 μg human CRH in confirmed Cushing's disease (CD, n=78) and confirmed ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS, n=18). Cortisol and ACTH increase (in percentage above basal (%B)) at each time point, maximal increase (Δmax %B), and area under the curve (AUC %B) were analyzed using receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analyses. Cortisol suppression (%B) after 8 mg of dexamethasone was evaluated as a supplementary criterion.ResultsAn increase in ACTH of ≥43%B at 15 min after CRH was the strongest predictor of CD, with a positive likelihood ratio of 14.0, a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 94%, a positive predictive value of 98% and a negative predictive value of 58%. All of the other criteria of stimulated ACTH and cortisol levels were not superior in predicting CD in response to CRH injection. The addition of cortisol suppression by dexamethasone did not increase the discriminatory power. However, the combination of a positive ACTH response at 15 min and a positive HDDS test excluded ECS in all cases.ConclusionThe present findings support the use of plasma ACTH levels 15 min after the injection of human CRH as a response criterion for distinguishing between CD and ECS. The addition of the HDDS test is helpful for excluding ECS when both tests are positive.
Leptina y Lactancia materna: Beneficios fisiológicos
Authors: Becerra Bulla Fabiola 
Published: May 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo: </strong>Este artículo tiene como propósito hacer una revisión teórica de artículos publicados en los últimos once años sobre leptina y la relación con la práctica de la lactancia materna LM, así como los beneficios fisiológicos en la madre.</p><p><strong>Metodología: </strong>Se realizó una búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: ElSevier, PubMed, EBSCo, ScienceDirect, Scielo, AccesMedicine, NCBI, Medline, Clinical Key ElSevier, AcademicSearch Complete y Jstor con los términos MeSH, limitando la búsqueda a artículos basados en evidencia científica desde 2003 al 2014.</p><p>Criterios de inclusión: artículos de revisión, revisiones sistemáticas, en inglés o español.</p><p><strong>Resultados: </strong>Se revisaron 52 artículos. Se excluyeron aquello cuyo aporte no era relevante o no contaban con suficiente evidencia.</p><p>Después de hacer la recolección bibliografía se encontró que la leptina más allá de cumplir con múltiples funciones metabólicas, como controlar el apetito y saciedad; también juega un rol importante como factor protector frente a enfermedades como cáncer e infecciones, regulación emocional y regulación de la tensión arterial entre otras. Estas acciones se ven reforzadas en la LM, al ser beneficios adicionales para las madres que realizan esta práctica. Así que lactar conlleva a obtener mayores beneficios y muchos de estos están mediados por la leptina.</p><p><strong>Conclusión: </strong>La LM no solamente representa beneficios para el infante, sino que también se ha relacionado con la activación de cadenas de señalización de la leptina que disminuyen los riesgos a enfermedades crónicas en la madre como la hipertensión, la obesidad, el cáncer y la depresión entre otras.</p>
Irradiation Response of Graphene Enhanced Gallium Nitride Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Ultraviolet Photodetectors
Authors: Chiamori Heather C. , Broad Nicholas , Angadi Chetan , Miller Ruth , Chapin Caitlin , Suria Ateeq , Bhattacharya Sharmila , Senesky Debbie G. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTRadiation-tolerant materials, sensors and electronics can enable lightweight space subsystems with reduced packaging requirements and increased operation lifetimes. Such technology can be used within extreme harsh environments related to space exploration, radiation medicine and power generation (combustion and nuclear). Gallium nitride (GaN), a ceramic semiconductor material, is a candidate material due to its stability within high-radiation, high-temperature and chemically corrosive environments. In addition, the wide bandgap of GaN (3.4 eV) can be leveraged for ultraviolet (UV) wavelength photodetection. In metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector architectures using Schottky contacts, transparent electrodes (e.g., graphene) can increase sensitivity and improve overall device response. Here we present fabrication and characterization of GaN-based UV photodetectors using graphene electrodes irradiated up to 200 krad total ionizing dose (TID) then tested under UV light and dark conditions. For current-voltage measurements taken at 90, 120 and 200 krad TID, the current-voltage response does not vary significantly. From 90 to 120 krad TID, the responsivity shifts by 2% before dropping off at 200 krad TID. These initial findings suggest that graphene/GaN MSM UV photodetectors can provide robust operation within extreme harsh environments.
Localized Collection of Airborne Analytes: A Transport Driven Approach to Improve the Response Time of Existing Gas Sensor Designs including SERS based Detection of Small Molecules
Authors: Fang Jun , Park Se-Chul , Schlag Leslie , Stauden Thomas , Pezoldt Joerg , Jacobs Heiko O. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe detection of single molecular binding events has been a recent trend in sensor research introducing various sensor designs where the active sensing elements are nanoscopic in size. Currently, diffusion-only-transport is often used and it becomes increasingly unlikely for an analyte molecule to “find” and interact with sensing structures where the active area is shrunk in size, trading an increased sensitivity with a long response time. This report introduces electrodynamic nanolens based analyte concentration concepts to transport airborne analytes to nanoscopic sensing points to improve the response time of existing gas sensor designs. In all cases we find that the collection rate is several orders of magnitudes higher than in the case where the collection is driven by diffusion.
Electrically Conductive Pt-Zr-B and Pt-Si Thin Films for Use in High Temperature Harsh Environments
Authors: Lad R.J. , Stewart D.M. , Fryer R.T. , Sell J.C. , Frankel D.J. , Bernhardt G.P. , Meulenberg R.W. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTStable, electrically conductive, thin film materials are key components for high temperature sensors operating in harsh environments. In this work, nanocomposite Pt-Zr-B and Pt-Si thin film materials were grown to a nominal thickness of 200 nm on both r-cut sapphire (α-Al2O3) substrates using e-beam evaporation, and their structure, morphology, and chemical composition was characterized following thermal treatments in an air laboratory furnace up to 1300°C. In the Pt-Zr-B system, oxidation of a nanolaminate architecture consisting of ZrB2 and pure Pt layers leads to boron oxide evaporation and the formation of Pt grains decorated by tetragonal-ZrO2 nanocrystallites at high temperature. Electrical conductivity measurements with a 4-point probe show that this nanocomposite film structure can maintain a film conductivity > 1x106 S/m up to 1300°C, depending on the Pt/ZrB2 layer thickness ratio. In the Pt-Si system, film compositions were varied to yield either nanocrystalline Pt3Si, Pt2Si, or PtSi phases depending on the Pt-Si ratio, or an amorphous phase at high Si content. Above 1000°C in air, Pt-oxide and Si-oxide phases form and coexist with the Pt-Si phases, and some Pt-Si film conductivities remain as high as 1x106 S/m after annealing at 1000°C for 6 hours. It was found that a 100 nm thick amorphous alumina capping layer grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) aids in limiting film oxidation, but film stress leads to regions of delamination.
Changes in Vertical Distribution of Spectral Reflectance within Spring Barley Canopy as an Indicator of Nitrogen Nutrition, Canopy Structure and Yield Parameters
Authors: Klem Karel , Rajsnerová Petra , Novotná Kateřina , Mìša Petr , Křen Jan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the spectral reflectance in the vertical profile of spring barley canopy at the booting growth stage and to determine how the reflectance gradient changes in relation to crop density and nitrogen (N) nutrition. Vertical gradients of spectral reflectance were studied in field trials with three sowing densities (2, 4 and 6 million of germinating seeds/ha) and two levels of N nutrition (0 and 90 kg/ha). It was found that differences in vegetation indices caused by N nutrition are most pronounced in the second and third leaf from the top, and these increase with increasing sowing density.
The vertical gradient of reflectance, specifically the ratio between the leaves F-3/F-1 for vegetation indices based on red-edge reflectance, represents a reliable indicator of number of ears per area unit (R = –0.87 for Normalised Red Edge-Red Index (NRERI) and –0.93 for Zarco-Teja-da and Miller Simple Ratio Index (ZM)). A close relationship to ear productivity was found almost for all observed vegetation indices and any leaf in vertical profile (R = 0.79–0.97). In contrast, the prediction of protein content in barley grain was the most reliable when the red-edge reflectance indices (ZM and NRERI) particularly from upper three leaves were used (R = 0.81–0.88). The results show that the knowledge of reflectance heterogeneity in the vertical profile of canopy can significantly contribute to the interpretation of the measured data, to the differentiation of the N nutrition effect from the response to canopy density, and finally to a more accurate estimation of yield parameters and protein content in grain.
Oxidation Stress is Adaptative Reaction Inductor of Winter Wheat Plants
Authors: Batsmanova Ludmila , Taran Nataliya , Kosyan Anatolij 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide impact upon the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), development of lipid peroxidation processes (LP), photosynthetic pigment content and productivity in conditions of field experiment were studied for winter wheat varieties of different ecotypes, namely Stolychna, Polisska 90 – forest-steppe, and Scala-steppe. It was found that hydrogen peroxide action for 24 h induced LP activity, whereas antioxidative enzyme activity dropped at two varieties. Exception was the Stolychna plants that showed decrease in all indexes studied after treatment. In the next phase of ontogenesis (flowering), however, SOD activity increased both in the plants of Polisska 90 and Scala, while CAT and LP activities were close to control in all plants. The data suggest that treatment by hydrogen peroxide stimulated the formation of general unspecific resistance of plants and increased the grain productivity of winter wheat varieties studied.
Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Botanical Composition of Grassland, Herbage Yield and Quality
Authors: Štýbnarová Marie , Mičová Pavlína , Fiala Karel , Karabcová Hana , Látal Oldřich , Pozdíšek Jan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of organicfertilizers (cow manure + dung water; cattle slurry) applied in different annual doses of nitrogen (54, 84 and 120 kg/ha) by different intensities of grassland utilization (extensive – two cuts per year, medium intensive – three cuts per year, intensive – four cuts per year) on percentage of plant functional groups, dry matter yield, and forage quality. The study was performed on small-plot trial over 7 years on moderately moist grassland in the Czech Republic. The proportion of legumes was significantly higher in the treatments fertilized with cow manure + dung-water combined with medium intensive utilization and intensive utilization (10.2% and 10.3%, respectively). Fertilization significantly increased dry matter yields by 51.9% (cow manure + dung water) and 56% (cattle slurry) compared with unfertilized controls (4.81 t/ha). Grasslands fertilized with cattle slurry showed significantly higher concentration of crude protein (142.9 g/kg) compared with unfertilized (126.4 g/kg). Extensive grassland utilization significantly affected the increase of crude fibre concentration (up to 282.1 g/kg), and decrease of the energy value (up to 4.68 MJ g/kg of NEL). Organic matter digestibility was also negatively influenced by extensive grassland utilization (61.0%, 65.42% and 67.44% for the extensive, medium intensive and intensive utilization, respectively). Our findings suggested that medium intensive and intensive grassland utilization by the organic fertilization, which corresponded to annual doses of nitrogen of 84 and 120 kg/ha were the most suitable from the viewpoint of animal nutrition.
Craniovertebral junction instability as an extension of cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions: case report
Authors: Brembilla Carlo , Lanterna Luigi Andrea , Risso Andrea , Bombana Enrico , Gritti Paolo , Trezzi Rosangela , Bonaldi Giuseppe , Biroli Francesco 
Published: May 2015

With the increasingly widespread illicit use of cocaine, a broad spectrum of clinical pathologies related to this form of drug abuse is emerging. The most frequently used method of administration of powdered cocaine is intranasal inhalation, or “snorting.” Consequently, adverse effects of cocaine on the nasal tract are common. Habitual nasal insufflations of cocaine can cause mucosal lesions. If cocaine use becomes chronic and compulsive, progressive damage of the mucosa and perichondrium leads to ischemic necrosis of the septal cartilage and perforation of the nasal septum. Occasionally, cocaine-induced lesions cause extensive destruction of the osteocartilaginous structures of the nose, sinuses, and palate and can mimic other diseases such as tumors, infections, and immunological diseases. In the literature currently available, involvement of the craniovertebral junction in the cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDLs) has never been reported.
The present case concerns a 44-year-old man who presented with long-standing symptoms including nasal obstruction, epistaxis, dysphagia, nasal reflux, and severe neck pain. A diagnosis of CIMDL was made in light of the patient’s history and the findings on physical and endoscopic examinations, imaging studies, and laboratory testing. Involvement of the craniovertebral junction in the destructive process was evident. For neurosurgical treatment, the authors considered the high grade of atlantoaxial instability, the poorly understood cocaine-induced lesions of the spine and their potential evolution overtime, as well as cocaine abusers’ poor compliance. The patient underwent posterior craniovertebral fixation. Understanding, classifying, and treating cocaine-induced lesions involving the craniovertebral junction are a challenge.