bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatability of Dye Solutions Containing Disperse Dyes by Fenton and Fenton‐Solar Light Oxidation Processes
Authors: Çiner Fehiman , Gökkuş Ömür 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study attempts to explore the possibility of treating dye solutions containing Disperse Yellow 119 and Disperse Red 167 by Fenton and Fenton under solar‐light oxidation processes. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of various operating conditions on the performance of the treatment systems. The Fenton results showed that 98.6% spectral absorption coefficient (SAC) and 90.8% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals were proved at pH 3, 50 mg/L Fe2+, and 75 mg/L H2O2, 15 min oxidation time for Disperse Yellow 119. After 40 min solar irradiation time during Fenton process the SAC removal was 99.1%. COD reduction of about 98.3% was observed at the same time. It was also obtained as 97.8% SAC and 97.7% COD removal with pH 3, 75 mg/L Fe2+, 100 mg/L H2O2, and 25 min oxidation time for Disperse Red 167 at this optimum conditions. For Disperse Red 167 during Fenton under solar light process, after 40 min of solar irradiation time the SAC and COD reduction were obtained 99.3 and 98.4%, respectively.
Screening Indian Mustard Genotypes for Phytoremediating Arsenic‐Contaminated Soils
Authors: Ansari Mohd Kafeel Ahmad , Shao Hong‐Bo , Umar Shahid , Ahmad Altaf , Ansari Shahid Hussain , Iqbal Muhammad , Owens Gary 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTen Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes were screened for their phytoremediation potential for arsenic (As) contaminated water under laboratory‐controlled conditions. The genotypes were grown in a hydroponic chamber for 20 days in 250‐mL beakers containing As‐contaminated water. During plant development, changes in plant growth, biomass, and total As were evaluated. Of the 10 genotypes (Pusa Agrani, BTO, Pusa Kranti, Pusa Bahar, Pusa Bold, Pusa Basant, Pusa Jai Kisan, Arka Vardhan, Varuna, and Vaibhav) Pusa Jai Kisan was the most effective in phytoremediating As‐contaminated water under hydroponic conditions. This will provide new information for Indian mustard genotypes for phytoremediating As‐contaminated soils.
Pre‐treatment of Waste Foundry Sand Via Solidification/Stabilization
Authors: Basar Hatice Merve , Aksoy Nuran Deveci 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study was performed to propose a suitable treatment for waste foundry sand (WFS) before persistent disposal. It was observed that solidification/stabilization (S/S), which is the common pre‐treatment method because of its comparatively easy and inexpensive applicability, can treat WFS including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) above hazardous landfilling limits. Regular sand was partially replaced with WFS with a ratio of 0–90 wt% in order to prepare three different kinds of mortar samples, where Portland limestone cement (PLC) alone, calcium lime (CL) alone, and PLC together with CL were contained as binders. Leaching behaviors of all S/S products were analyzed according to the TS EN 12457‐4 leaching test. The treatment efficiency was assessed to reduce the DOC content to the levels under the European landfill acceptance criteria. Furthermore, heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Cr), fluoride (F−), total dissolved solids leachability, and total organic carbon content were analyzed in order to investigate the pre‐treatment ability and to determine whether S/S products can be disposed of in a landfill site with municipal wastes or in a separate landfill site. The results showed that S/S of WFS is an efficient pre‐treatment technique before its disposal in a landfill and provides economical advantages compared to hazardous waste landfilling.
Degradation of Acid Pharmaceuticals in the UV/H2O2 Process: Effects of Humic Acid and Inorganic Salts
Authors: Yuan Hui , Zhou Xuefei , Zhang Ya‐Lei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe presence of acid pharmaceuticals in water environments poses a potential threat to ecosystems and human health. Recent research has shown that photo oxidation processes are much more effective for removing these pharmaceuticals. However, the existence of humic acid (HA) could inhibit the clearance efficiency of this process. In this study, we investigated the photochemical degradation of six selected acid pharmaceuticals in surface water and effluent from wastewater treatment plants using the UV/H2O2 process. The results showed that HA can act as a photo sensitizer or a .OH sink, and its concentration had a significant inhibitory effect on the degradation of acid pharmaceuticals. Most of these pharmaceuticals were inhibited during this process when HA was added to deionized water solutions. In addition, the effects of chloride, bicarbonate, and nitrate on the degradation of these pharmaceuticals were different. The removal efficiency of these acid pharmaceuticals is lower in natural samples than in deionized samples because of the complex constituents in the latter.
Hemodynamics analysis of patient‐specific carotid bifurcation: A CFD model of downstream peripheral vascular impedance
Authors: Dong Jingliang , Wong Kelvin K.L. , Tu Jiyuan 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe study of cardiovascular models was presented in this paper based on medical image reconstruction and computational fluid dynamics. Our aim is to provide a reality platform for the purpose of flow analysis and virtual intervention outcome predication for vascular diseases. By connecting two porous mediums with transient permeability at the downstream of the carotid bifurcation branches, a downstream peripheral impedance model was developed, and the effect of the downstream vascular bed impedance can be taken into consideration. After verifying its accuracy with a healthy carotid bifurcation, this model was implemented in a diseased carotid bifurcation analysis. On the basis of time‐averaged wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, and the relative residence time, fractions of abnormal luminal surface were highlighted, and the atherosclerosis was assessed from a hemodynamic point of view. The effect of the atherosclerosis on the transient flow division between the two branches because of the existence of plaque was also analysed. This work demonstrated that the proposed downstream peripheral vascular impedance model can be used for computational modelling when the outlets boundary conditions are not available, and successfully presented the potential of using medical imaging and numerical simulation to provide existing clinical prerequisites for diagnosis and therapeutic treatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Nano‐Onion/PEDOT:PSS Composites
Authors: Plonska‐Brzezinska Marta E. , Lewandowski Mikołaj , Błaszyk Małgorzata , Molina‐Ontoria Agustin , Luciński Tadeusz , Echegoyen Luis 
Published: November 2012

AbstractComposites of unmodified or oxidized carbon nano‐onions (CNOs/ox‐CNOs) with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are prepared with different compositions. By varying the ratio of PEDOT:PSS relative to CNOs, CNO/PEDOT:PSS composites with various PEDOT:PSS loadings are obtained and the corresponding film properties are studied as a function of the polymer. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization is performed for pristine and ox‐CNO samples. The composites are characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies. The electrochemical properties of the nanocomposites are determined and compared. Doping the composites with carbon nanostructures significantly increases their mechanical and electrochemical stabilities. A comparison of the results shows that CNOs dispersed in the polymer matrices increase the capacitance of the CNO/PEDOT:PSS and ox‐CNO/PEDOT:PSS composites.
When T(LIESST) Meets Thermal Hysteresis – a Theoretical Approach
Authors: Varret François , Boukheddaden Kamel , Chastanet Guillaume , Paradis Nicolas , Létard Jean‐François 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe used a macroscopic master equation for a two‐level system, with simple assumptions, to calculate the kinetic behavior of a spin‐crossover system when the equilibrium temperature interplays with the T(LIESST) temperature (LIESST = light‐induced excited spin state trapping), that is, the thermal return temperature of the low‐temperature metastable state of the system. The leading role of the unstable equilibrium branch is characterized through the crossing of the cooperative energy barrier, which induces a bifurcation of the response of the system in the strongly cooperative case. The results are shown in terms of a kinetic phase diagram, which shows the eventual discontinuities that result from the bifurcation effect. The present study suggests an experimental method for locating the unstable equilibrium branch of the thermal hysteresis, which enables determination of the equilibrium temperature of the hysteretic system, and which is not accessible by usual static measurements.
An FeII Spin‐Crossover Complex Becomes Increasingly Cooperative with Ageing
Authors: Craig Gavin A. , Costa José Sánchez , Roubeau Olivier , Teat Simon J. , Aromí Guillem 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe polypyrazolyl ligand H4L, a functionalised derivative of 3‐bpp [bpp = bis(pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine], has been used to synthesise an FeII spin‐crossover (SCO) system [Fe(H4L)2](ClO4)2·2THF·H2O (1). A subsequent magnetic and structural study revealed that the compound undergoes an incomplete transition with a small hysteresis loop of 8 K and a large residual high spin (HS) fraction. This is consistent with single crystal diffraction results at 250 and 90 K, which show a slight modification of the crystal packing and Fe–N bond lengths. Ageing of the samples leads to more cooperative SCO behaviour, as evidenced by a concomitant increase in the width of the hysteresis loops (reaching up to 20 K) and a decrease in the residual HS fraction at low temperatures. These increases in the bistable domain of the sample, corroborated by measuring the changes in heat capacity through differential scanning calorimetry, are accompanied by a loss of crystallinity, which is attributed to solvent loss and the absorption of atmospheric water. Grinding an aged sample yields a narrower hysteresis loop at higher temperatures. Compound 1 was compared with two previously observed systems of the same family that exhibit different SCO behaviour, [Fe(H4L)2](ClO4)2·H2O·2(CH3)2CO (2) and [Fe(H4L)2](ClO4)2·2C3H7OH (3), by using Hirshfeld surface analysis to have a global view of the intermolecular interactions as enhanced by the functional groups of H4L.
Iron‐Mediated Total Synthesis of 2,7‐Dioxygenated Carbazole Alkaloids
Authors: Krahl Micha P. , Kataeva Olga , Schmidt Arndt W. , Knölker Hans‐Joachim 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe describe the efficient iron‐mediated total synthesis of clausine O, clausine H (clauszoline‐C) and anti‐HIV active 7‐methoxy‐O‐methylmukonal and clausine K (clauszoline‐J). Consecutive C–C and C–N bond formations between 3‐methoxy‐4‐methylaniline and a cyclohexadienyliumiron complex salt afforded 2,7‐dimethoxy‐3‐methylcarbazole, which served as common intermediate en route to the four alkaloids.
Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetramethyl‐ and 1,2,3,4‐Tetraethylfluorene through a Dewar Benzene Pathway
Authors: Janková Štěpánka , Schulz Jiří , Hybelbauerová Simona , Císařová Ivana , Štěpnička Petr , Kotora Martin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA simple and selective synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐tetra(m)ethylfluorenones and ‐fluorenes was achieved by using Dewar benzenes as important intermediates. The corresponding Dewar benzenes were prepared by reactions of tetraalkylcyclobutadiene–AlCl3 complexes with methyl phenylpropynoate. Their subsequent hydrolysis followed by photochemical rearrangement provided substituted biphenylcarboxylic acids. Treatment of the prepared acids with thionyl chloride gave rise to the fluorenones, which were reduced to the respective fluorenes. A Ru complex with 1,2,3,4‐tetraethylfluorenone was prepared.
Electrocatalytic Activity of 3‐Dimensional Ordered Macroporous Gold Electrode‐Based Lactate Biosensors Platforms as a Function of Pore Layer Number
Authors: Gamero M. , Fierro J. L. G. , Lorenzo E. , Alonso C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe report the electrocatalytic response of a lactate biosensor, based on a 3‐dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) gold electrode, as a function of the pore layer number. The biosensor was developed by covalent immobilization of lactate oxidase (LOx) to a self‐assembled monolayer of dithiobis‐N‐succinimidyl propionate (DTSP). The binding of DTSP to the gold surface was studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), indicating the existence of SAu bonds. The DTSP coverage and the different steps followed in the construction of the biosensor were examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The catalytic response to a 14 mM lactate concentration, increased linearly with the pore layer number of the 3DOM gold electrode, reaching a value 3 times higher, than for polycrystalline gold electrodes, for 7.5 layers.
Contaminant-mobilizing capability of fullerene nanoparticles (nC60): Effect of solvent-exchange process in nC60 formation
Authors: Wang Lilin , Fortner John D. , Hou Lei , Zhang Chengdong , Kan Amy T. , Tomson Mason B. , Chen Wei 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Fullerene nanoparticles (nC60) in aqueous environments can significantly enhance the transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants by serving as a contaminant carrier. In the present study, the authors examine the effect of the solvent-exchange process on nC60 aggregate formation and, subsequently, on nC60's contaminant-mobilizing capability. A series of nC60 samples were prepared using a modified toluene–water solvent-exchange method through the inclusion of a secondary organic solvent in the phase transfer of molecular C60 in toluene to nC60 in water. Two groups of solvents—a water-miscible group and a non–water-miscible group—of varied polarity were selected as secondary solvents. The involvement of a secondary solvent in the phase transfer process had only small effects on the particle size and distribution, ζ potential, and mobility of the nC60 products but significantly influenced the capability of nC60 to enhance the transport of 2,2′,5,5′-polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in a saturated sandy soil column, regardless of whether the secondary solvent was water-miscible or non–water-miscible. The two groups of secondary solvents appear to affect the aggregation properties of nC60 in water via different mechanisms. In general, nC60 products made with a secondary water-miscible solvent have stronger capabilities to enhance PCB transport. Taken together, the results indicate that according to formation conditions and solvent constituents, nC60 will vary significantly in its interactions with organic contaminants, specifically as related to adsorption or desorption as well as transport in porous media. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:329–336. © 2012 SETAC
Evaluation of whole effluent toxicity data characteristics and use of Welch's T-test in the test of significant toxicity analysis
Authors: Zheng Lei , Diamond Jerry M. , Denton Debra L. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and state agencies evaluate the toxicity of effluent and surface water samples based on statistical endpoints derived from multiconcentration tests (e.g., no observed effect concentration, EC25). The test of significant toxicity (TST) analysis is a two-sample comparison test that uses Welch's t test to compare organism responses in a sample (effluent or surface water) with responses in a control or site sample. In general, any form of t test (Welch's t included) is appropriate only if the data meet assumptions of normality and homogeneous variances. Otherwise, nonparametric tests are recommended. TST was designed to use Welch's t as the statistical test for all whole effluent toxicity (WET) test data. The authors evaluated the suitability of using Welch's t test for analyzing two-sample toxicity (WET) data, and within the TST approach, by examining the distribution and variances of data from over 2,000 WET tests and by conducting multiple simulations of WET test data. Simulated data were generated having variances and nonnormal distributions similar to observed WET test data for control and the effluent treatment groups. The authors demonstrate that (1) moderately unequal variances (similar to WET data) have little effect on coverage of the t test or Welch t test (for normally distributed data), and (2) for nonnormally distributed data (similar in distribution to WET data) TST, using Welch's t test, has close to nominal coverage on the basis of simulations with up to a ninefold difference in variance between the effluent and control groups (∼95th percentile based on observed WET test data). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:468–474. © 2012 SETAC
Pectin–cinnamon leaf oil coatings add antioxidant and antibacterial properties to fresh‐cut peach
Authors: Ayala‐Zavala Jesus Fernando , Silva‐Espinoza B. A. , Cruz‐Valenzuela M. R. , Leyva J. M. , Ortega‐Ramírez L. A. , Carrazco‐Lugo D. K. , Pérez‐Carlón J. J. , Melgarejo‐Flores B. G. , González‐Aguilar G. A. , Miranda M. R. A. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThere is renewed interest in the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of essential oils as food additives. Among essential oils, cinnamon leaf oil is a potent antibacterial and antioxidant agent; however, the application in food systems can be affected by its volatility. The use of edible films is a good alternative for incorporating antibacterial agents and antioxidants into foods. This study aimed to develop an edible pectin film enriched with the essential oil from cinnamon leaves and prove that this application can increase the antioxidant status and reduce bacterial growth of fresh‐cut peach. Films with different oil concentrations (0.0, 7.3, 15.7 and 36.1 oil g/l) were evaluated regarding eugenol content, thickness, moisture content, water vapour transmission, in vitro antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties of the films. No significant differences were found for the water vapour transmission among the films with different oil concentrations. The higher the added oil concentration the higher the eugenol content and antioxidant capacity; the films with 36.1 g/l were the only materials showing inhibition zones against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Peaches were positively affected by the coating treatment, increasing its antioxidant status, odour acceptability and decreasing bacterial growth. These results demonstrate that the development of an edible film formulated with cinnamon leaf oil can be useful to preserve fresh‐cut peach quality. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability and consistency of nonhydrostatic free‐surface models using the semi‐implicit θ‐method
Authors: Vitousek Sean , Fringer Oliver B. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe θ‐method is a popular semi‐implicit finite‐difference method for simulating free‐surface flows. Problem stiffness, arising because of the presence of both fast and slow timescale processes, is easily handled by the θ‐method. In most ocean, coastal, and estuary modeling applications, stiffness is caused by fast surface gravity wave timescales imposed on slower timescales of baroclinic variability. The method is well known to be unconditionally stable for shallow water (hydrostatic) models when , where θ is the implicitness parameter. In this paper, we demonstrate that the method is also unconditionally stable for nonhydrostatic models, when for both pressure projection and pressure correction methods. However, the methods result in artificial damping of the barotropic mode. In addition to investigating stability, we also estimate the form of artificial damping induced by both the free surface and nonhydrostatic pressure solution methods. Finally, this analysis may be used to estimate the damping or growth associated with a particular wavenumber and the overall order of accuracy of the discretization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conservation of circulation in SPH for 2D free‐surface flows
Authors: Antuono M. , Colagrossi A. , Le Touzé D. , Monaghan J. J. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we study how accurately the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) scheme accounts for the conservation and the generation of vorticity and circulation, in a low viscosity, weakly compressible, barotropic fluid in the context of free‐surface flows. We consider a number of simple examples to clarify the processes involved and the accuracy of the simulations. The first example is a differentially rotating fluid where the integration path for the circulation becomes progressively more complicated, whereas the structure of the velocity field remains simple. The second example is the collision of two rectangular regions of fluid. We show that SPH accurately predicts the time variation of the circulation as well as the total vorticity for selected domains advected by the fluid. Finally, a breaking wave is considered. For such a problem we show how the dynamics of the vorticity generated by the breaking process is captured by the SPH model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Kabachnik–Fields and Pudovik Reactions on the Basis of E,Z‐Citral and Its Imines and (R,S)‐Citronellal
Authors: Nizamov Ilyas S. , Yambushev Farid D. , Nizamov Ilnar D. , Voloshina Alexandra D. , Alfonsov Vladimir A. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe Kabachnik–Fields reaction of E,Z‐citral with diethyl phosphite in the presence of isobutylamine has been found to form α‐aminophosphonates. The Pudovik reactions of diethyl phosphite with prenyl imines prepared on the basis of E,Z‐citral with isobutylamine also allowed us to obtain the same α‐aminophosphonates. We have managed to synthesize α‐aminophosphonates by the reaction of O,O‐dialkyl trimethylsilyl phosphites with prenyl imines in the presence of water or diethylamine. α‐Aminophosphonates were also synthesized by the reaction of diethyl phosphite with (R,S)‐citronellal in the presence of alkylamines. α‐Aminophosphonates obtained showed bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 24:36–42, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21060