bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ações afirmativas na pós-graduação brasileira
Authors: Costa Éverton Garcia da 
Published: June 2024

O debate em torno das ações afirmativas na pós-graduação brasileira é relativamente recente. A literatura da área aponta que a adoção de ações afirmativas pelos programas de pós-graduação das IES públicas no país data do início dos anos 2000. A discussão se intensificou na segunda década do século XXI, no contexto da publicação da Lei nº 12.711/2012, que instituiu a reserva de vagas para estudantes negros e egressos de escola pública na rede federal de ensino superior, e da Lei nº 12.990/2014, que estabeleceu a reserva de 20% das vagas em concursos públicos para candidatos negros. Mais recentemente, o Ministério da Educação publicou a Portaria nº 13/2016, a qual determinou que as instituições federais de ensino superior deveriam apresentar propostas para a inclusão de estudantes negros, indígenas e pessoas com deficiência em seus programas de pós-graduação, além de criarem comissões específicas destinadas às ações afirmativas. Dentro desse contexto mais amplo, procurou-se traçar neste artigo um panorama sobre o atual cenário das políticas de ações afirmativas na pós-graduação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Os resultados mostram, sobretudo, que a implementação do sistema de cotas nos programas da UFRGS começou em 2016, o que talvez seja reflexo da Portaria nº 13/2016. Seguindo uma tendência nacional, têm sido considerados outros marcadores sociais da diferença além dos étnico-raciais como critérios para a reserva de vagas; há diferenças significativas entre as regras dos editais, dada a inexistência de uma norma geral dentro da universidade para todos os programas.
Petrology of Granitoids of the Mayorka Massif (Gorny Altay): Contribution to the Problem of High-Silica Magma Formation
Authors: Kruk N.N. , Shokalsky S.P. , Kruk E.A. , Gavryushkina O.A. , Sokolova E.N. , Rudnev S.N. , Naryzhnova A.V. , Smirnov S.Z. , Semenova D.V. , Karpov A.V. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
—The paper presents data from a comprehensive study of granitoids identified in the Mayorka intrusion that is located in the western part of the Altai Mountains. It is shown that the massif is composed of rocks of four intrusive phases, the age of these rocks ranges from 391 to 372 Ma, and the intrusion of the main volume of granitoids dates back to a relatively short interval of 386–384 Ma. The massif contains rocks of two geochemical types. The first type is differentiated calc-alkaline granite-leucogranites with near-clark contents of high-field-strength elements and rare earth elements: ɛNd(T) = + 4.3…+ 4.5 and σ18O V-SMOW = +10.7…+11.2 ‰. The second is alkaline and moderately alkaline A-type alaskites, strongly enriched in high-field-strength elements and rare earth elements, having ɛNd(T) + 5.3 and σ18O V-SMOW = +11.6 ‰. Granitoids of the first group are of crustal source, while the rocks of the second group contain a significant portion of mantle material. The near-simultaneous introduction of these melts to the level of formation of the intrusion caused their interaction and the formation of hybrid magmas. Low crystallization temperatures of granitoids (&lt;700 °C) and the presence of syngenetic melt and fluid inclusions in most rock varieties indicate a high fluid saturation of the melts. The abundance of leucogranites, whose geochemical characteristics cannot be explained from the standpoint of shallow differentiation of primary magmas, indicates the leading role of fluid-magmatic interaction processes in the formation of high-silica magmas.
Enhancing Transparency in Agri-Food Supply Chain by Securing IoT-Generated Data with Blockchain
Authors: Hasan Ikram , Habib Md. Mamun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: The agri-food supply chain is crucial for a nation's sustenance and economic stability but faces challenges such as lack of transparency, inefficiencies, and information asymmetry. Integrating Blockchain Database (BCD) technology, along with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, offers transformative potential. This combination can enhance the Transparent Physical and Information Flow (PHF), thus improving Transparency in the Agri-food Supply Chain (TASC).
Objective: This research examines how integrating BCD affects PHF and, in turn, influences TASC in Bangladesh. It is based on two main hypotheses BCD significantly impacts PHF, and a BCD-enhanced PHF subsequently affects TASC.
Methods: An analytical framework was designed to explore the integration of BCD technology and its effect on the transparency of Bangladesh's agri-food supply chain. Data analysis followed five stages: Preliminary Data Examination, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and Hypothesis Testing, utilizing IBM SPSS and IBM AMOS. Data were gathered from 400 stakeholders in the Bangladesh agri-food supply chain.
Results and Conclusion: The findings support both hypotheses, showing a significant and positive impact of BCD technology on PHF and, consequently, on TASC. The results highlight the essential role of BCD in enhancing supply chain transparency and operational efficiency.
Implications of the Research: This study offers empirical evidence on how blockchain technology can effectively address transparency and efficiency challenges in the agri-food supply chain. It highlights the potential of BCD to enhance decision-making, operational efficiency, and consumer trust within the agricultural sector, particularly in developing countries such as Bangladesh.
Originality/Value: This research provides fresh insights into how BCD technologies can enhance transparency and efficiency in the agri-food supply chain. By concentrating on the context of Bangladesh, it offers significant implications for policymakers, industry professionals, and researchers, highlighting the transformative potential of blockchain in managing agricultural supply chai
Molecular diet analysis using fecal DNA metabarcoding reveals the whole and the core diet of the critically endangered Kolar leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros hypophyllus and its congeners
Authors: Srinivas Bhargavi , Chelmala Srinivasulu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We conducted diet analysis of four species of leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros hypophyllus, H. durgadasi, H. fulvus, and H. speoris) cohabiting a roost in the Kolar district, Karnataka, India using metabarcoding fecal DNA technique. We collected fecal pellets of these bats returning to the roost after the first feeding bout over different seasons. The whole diet of all these species consisted of 7,309 OTUs belonging to phylum Arthropoda. Although no significant difference among the whole diets of the four species was found, H. hypophyllus consumed the most amount of insect taxa (4,114 species) compared to others. The core diets consisted of 49 taxa belonging to 10 orders, 37 families, 46 genera. A significant difference was found among the core diets, with H. hypophyllus and H. speoris feeding on more varied insects. There was no overlap in diets and the bat species were observed to be diet specialists. Prey items belonging to orders Lepidoptera and Diptera were abundant in the diet of all four species of bats. The core diet of H. hypophyllus varied significantly between the seasons, with greater than 70% intake of lepidopteran insects in the monsoon and winter seasons. Our study reveals that these bats feed on insect pests too thus playing a role as biocontrollers.
Epidemiological Factors Influencing Canine Mammary Tumor Incidence and Malignancy
Authors: Götze Marcelo Mendes , Götze Daniela Markus , Fernandes Cristina Gevehr , Bustamante-Filho Ivan Cunha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in female dogs, with a high percentage of malignancy. Surgical excision remains the standard treatment for most cases, except for inoperable or inflammatory neoplasms. Comprehensive global research is needed to understand the nuances of CMTs in different canine populations and develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. The aim of the present study was to identify prognostic factors for bitches that underwent surgical removal of mammary tumors, and to determine the epidemiological characteristics and their relationship with tumor incidence and malignancy. We analyzed 21 cases of CMTs that underwent surgical removal, with a follow-up of 24 months. Factors such as breed, age, tumor size, TNM stage, and histopathological results were evaluated. The study found that 77% of the analyzed neoplasms were malignant tumors. Tumor size was correlated with histological grade, and high-level TNM stage was associated with poor overall survival. Multiple tumors were more common in older female dogs. Ovariohysterectomy was found to be a protective factor for dogs with malignant tumors. Carcinomas in mixed tumors were the most prevalent malignant neoplasms, followed by tubular carcinoma and carcinosarcomas. In conclusion, this study provides insights into canine mammary tumors and emphasizes the importance of knowing factors such as tumor size, histological grade, and age of the dog. Timely intervention and follow-up examinations can significantly impact prognosis, and consideration should be given to ovariohysterectomy as a management option.
Report of Climacturia and Orgasmic Disorders After Radical Prostatectomy in a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital – Shedding Light on a Neglected Condition
Authors: GAMBERINI PEDRO DAHER CARNEIRO , NASCIMENTO BRUNO CHIESA GOUVEIA , FILHO HOMERO RIBEIRO , NAHAS WILLIAM , JUNIOR JOSÉ DE BESSA , TEIXEIRA THIAGO AFONSO , HALLAK JORGE 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE
After radical prostatectomy (RP), it is rarely acknowledged that several sexual dysfunctions can arise. These include issues in the orgasmic domain (e.g., decreased orgasm intensity, dysorgasmia), problems with ejaculation (e.g., absence of ejaculation), the development of penile deformities, and low sexual desire. This article aim to report the occurrence of orgasmic and ejaculatory dysfunction when actively investigated, documenting those rates and caracterizing specific features of these conditions following RP.
METHODS
This study has analyzed retrospective data from men who underwent RP and were experiencing erectile dysfunction. During a structured visit, patients were systematically questioned about dysorgasmia, altered orgasmic sensation, climacturia, and arousal incontinence. Continuous variables were analyzed using the Student T or ANOVA tests, while categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. The associations were described as Odds Ratios with precise confidence intervals. All tests were two-sided; a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Sixty patients were included, out of which 3 (5%) reported dysorgasmia, while 33.3% presented a decrease in orgasm intensity. Climacturia was reported as the most common orgasmic disorder in 40 (66.6%) patients. However, only 14 patients (35%) reported that it frequently occurs, i.e., more than half of the time. Among the patients who reported climacturia, 72.5% classified it as mild losses. Additionally, arousal incontinence (AI) was noted in the study by 19 (26.3%) patients.
CONCLUSION
Our study highlights the importance of discussing orgasmic dysfunctions after RP, which can be frequent and bothersome but are often overlooked in preoperative counseling.
Assessment of Community Awareness of Transmission and Control Practices for Gastrointestinal Parasites in Vegetables in Aden Governorate, Yemen: A Descriptive and Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Baghdadi Mohammed Ali , Gubran Ali Nasser Mohammed , Al-Haidary Naif Mohammed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background In the Aden Governorate, Yemen, the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infections is alarmingly high due to insufficient community awareness and preventive measures. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness among local market vendors and consumers regarding gastrointestinal parasites and their preventive measures.
Methods We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires. The sample included 400 local market vendors and consumers selected randomly from the eight districts of Aden Governorate. The data were collected over four months, from July 1st to October 31st, 2023. We utilized SPSS software for data analysis, employing chi-square tests to identify associations between variables.
Results A total of 73% of the respondents were aware of intestinal parasitosis. However, only 67.8% had knowledge of transmission methods, and even fewer were aware of preventive measures.
Conclusions These findings highlight a significant gap in community knowledge and the need for improved public health initiatives. Enhanced educational campaigns focusing on transmission and prevention are essential. Additionally, promoting better hygiene practices among vendors and consumers can mitigate the risks associated with consuming raw vegetables in the Aden Governorate.
Solvent co-intercalation in layered cathode active materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Adelhelm Philipp , Sun Yanan , Åvall Gustav , Wu Shu-Han , Ferrero Guillermo Alvarez , Wang Hui , Mazzio Katherine , Bianchini Matteo , Baran Volodymyr , Risse Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Solvent co-intercalation, i.e. the combined intercalation of ions and solvent molecules into electrode materials, is an additional but much less explored lever for modifying the properties of electrodes in metal-ion batteries (metal= Li, Na, Mg, …). So far, the knowledge on solvent co-intercalation is relatively scarce and largely limited to graphite anodes, for which in Na-ion batteries, the co-intercalation of glyme molecules is found to be very fast and highly reversible over many cycles. The use of co-intercalation in metal-ion batteries, however, still lacks a scientific breakthrough with respect to cathode active materials (CAMs). Here, we show for a series of Na-layered sulfide CAMs (NaxMS2, M = Ti, V, Cr, and mixtures) by experimental methods and theory, under which conditions solvent co-intercalation occurs and how this process impacts the phase behavior, electrode breathing, redox potential, and cycle life compared to “Na+-only” intercalation. Overall, co-intercalation provides an alternative way for designing CAMs.
Forelimb motor learning and memory consolidation drives distinct oligodendrocyte plasticity to fine-tune task-related neural activity
Authors: Xiao Lin , Wang Shuming , Xu Nuo , Wang Wenwen , He Yongxiang , Yang Yuqian , Zhang Liuning , Zou Yanping , He Yuehua , Gao Liang , Li Huiliang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Previous work has shown that “complex wheel” running requires new oligodendrocyte (OL) generation. Here, we ask whether adaptive OL plasticity occurs during a dexterous forelimb reaching task. Surprisingly, a decrease in oligodendrogenesis is observed after motor learning, accompanied by an increase in the length of Ranvier node in the contra-rostral forelimb area (cRFA) motor cortex. We then observe an increase in subsequent OPC proliferation and maturation during skill memory consolidation. Genetic blockade of oligodendrogenesis in Myrf conditional-knockout (Myrf-cKO) mice prior to reaching task results in enhanced rather than impaired learning, whereas blockade during the memory phase impairs motor skill retention. In vivo recordings of task-related calcium dynamics show that Myrf-cKO mice exhibit increased movement-related calcium activity and an increased number of cFos-expressing neurons in the cRFA during learning, but reduced neuronal reactivation during skill recall. These findings suggest forelimb motor learning and consolidation may drive distinct OL dynamics/plasticity to fine-tune task-related neural activity.
Cluster Globally, Model Locally: Clusterwise modeling of nonlinear dynamics
Authors: Noack Bernd , Deng Nan , Pastur Luc , Maceda Guy Cornejo , Hou Chang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Data-driven reduced-order modeling opens new avenues of understanding, predicting, controlling, and optimizing system behavior. Simple systems may have state spaces in which sparse human-interpretable dynamical systems can be identified. This approach has been pioneered by S. Brunton et al. (2016, PNAS) with Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy). Complex systems, however, cannot be expected to benefit from such simple analytical descriptions. Yet, smoothness may be exploited by analytical local descriptions. In this paper, we identify a clusterwise polynomial dynamics from time-resolved snapshot data. The full state space is partitioned into clusters with a reduced-order polynomial description for each cluster and a global patching strategy. The resulting clusterwise modeling is entirely data-driven and requires no prior knowledge of the system dynamics. We illustrate the approach on the well-known chaotic Lorenz and Rössler systems, on the more challenging chaotic fluid flow dynamics of higher state-space dimensions, on a noisy electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, and finally on the time evolution of the monthly sunspot number. Clusterwise modeling offers a powerful and interpretable paradigm for dynamical modeling. Nonlinear dynamics can be approximated by assembling many simple local models of different resolutions, opening new paths to understand and control intricate nonlinearities.
Artificial Intelligence in Depression – Medication Enhancement (AID-ME): A Cluster Randomized Trial of a Deep Learning Enabled Clinical Decision Support System for Personalized Depression Treatment Selection and Management
Authors: Benrimoh David , Whitmore Kate , Richard Maud , Golden Grace , Perlman Kelly , Jalali Sara , Friesen Timothy , Barkat Youcef , Mehltretter Joseph , Fratila Robert , Armstrong Caitrin , Israel Sonia , Popescu Christina , Karp Jordan , Parikh Sagar , Golchi Shirin , Moody Erica , Shen Junwei , Gifuni Anthony , Ferrari Manuela , Sapra Mamta , Kloiber Stefan , Pinard Georges , Dunlop Boadie , Looper Karl , Ranganathan Mohini , Enault Martin , Beaulieu Serge , Rej Soham , Hersson-Edery Fanny , Steiner Warren , Anacleto Alexandra , Qassim Sabrina , McGuire-Snieckus Rebecca , Margolese Howard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability and there is a paucity of tools to personalize and manage treatments. A cluster-randomized, patient-and-rater-blinded, clinician-partially-blinded study was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of the Aifred Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) facilitating algorithm-guided care and predicting medication remission probabilities using clinical data. Clinicians were randomized to the Active (CDSS access) or Active-Control group (questionnaires and guidelines access). Primary outcome was remission (<11 points on the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) at study exit). Of 74 eligible patients, 61 (42 Active, 19 Active-Control) completed at least two MADRS (analysis set). Remission was higher in the Active group (n = 12/42 (28.6%)) compared to Active-Control (0/19 (0%)) (p = 0.01, Fisher’s exact test). No adverse events were linked to the CDSS. This is the first effective and safe longitudinal use of an artificial intelligence-powered CDSS to improve MDD outcomes.
Stigma: A Barrier Created by Limited Access to Care and Health Education on Hepatitis C (HCV) Testing and Treatment within the Puerto Rican Population.
Authors: Ruiz-Casprowitz Lisa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Hepatitis C (HCV) is a chronic disease that progresses slowly and has become increasingly prevalent in PWIDs residing in Puerto Rico. Limited access to healthcare and health information has contributed to the stigma surrounding HCV and persons who inject drugs (PWIDs). The systematic review aimed to understand how social determinants of health, limited access to care, HCV education, and stigma affect the overall health of individuals with HCV, especially at-risk populations of people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in Puerto Rico. The review emphasizes the importance of local and federal government agencies taking action to fund and develop HCV health programs for the public and healthcare providers. Rationale: Awareness and knowledge of HCV are crucial to reducing stigma and negative attitudes towards PWIDs in Puerto Rico. Educating people about HCV can reduce stigma and increase testing and treatment rates among PWIDs. Objective: This study investigates existing evidence-based information on the connection of stigma on Hepatitis C (HCV) negatively impacting testing and treatment in Puerto Rico among PWIDs and the need for government funding for prevention and treatment programs to address HCV stigma in Puerto Rico.
Aspectos éticos, linguísticos e culturais na organização e representação da informação e do conhecimento
Authors: Coutinho Ingrid Ferreira , Santos Raimunda Fernanda dos 
Published: June 2024

Tem como objetivo geral analisar de que modo os aspectos éticos, linguísticos e culturais são contemplados nas produções da área de Organização e Representação da Informação e do Conhecimento em âmbito nacional. Utiliza como metodologia as pesquisas bibliográfica, exploratória, descritiva, partindo de uma abordagem qualiquantitativa. Para tanto, foram analisadas as produções científicas que abarcam a temática, mediante consultas realizadas na Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódico em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI) e nos anais da ISKO BRASIL (International Society for Knowledge Organization). Como resultados, observou-se que o eixo cultural vem sendo ligeiramente mais estudado nos últimos cinco anos, se comparado aos eixos relacionados à ética e linguagem. No que diz respeito à ética, assumem a posição de destaque os estudos sobre os valores éticos na atuação do profissional da informação, bem como questões de gênero e sexualidade. Em relação ao aspecto linguístico, destacam-se os estudos sobre semântica e linguística aplicada à Organização do Conhecimento. Já no tocante ao aspecto cultural, observou-se a incidência de estudos que contemplam questões relacionadas à representação da cultura negra e diversidade cultural em Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento (SOC).
The Effectiveness of The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) in Determining Nursing Diagnoses in Stroke Patients: A Scoping Review.
Authors: Fitriana Erlis Eka , Haryanto Haryanto 
Published: June 2024

The symptoms of a stroke can vary depending on which part of the brain is affected, potentially leading to severe consequences or difficulties. This scoping review aims to assess the effectiveness of the NIHSS in establishing nursing diagnoses in stroke patients. The review involved searches on Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and PubMed from 2012 to January 2023. The identification and selection of literature followed Moher's guidelines in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2009, resulting in ten articles for discussion. The study utilized the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) criteria to evaluate the severity of strokes by assessing neurological impairments. The analysis followed Arksey and O'Malley's model. The study findings highlighted a significant relationship between NIHSS scores and nursing diagnoses, showing a positive trend where higher NIHSS scores were associated with increased nursing diagnoses. In conclusion, integrating the NIHSS with complementary assessment instruments is crucial in refining nursing diagnoses among stroke patients and enhancing the standard of care and patient prognosis.