bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Viable Violinist
Authors: Hawking Michael 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the aftermath of the Kermit Gosnell trial and Giubilini and Minerva's article ‘After‐birth abortion’, abortion‐rights advocates have been pressured to provide an account of the moral difference between abortion, particularly late‐term abortion, and infanticide. In response, some scholars have defended a moral distinction by appealing to an argument developed by Judith Jarvis Thomson in A defense of abortion. However, once Thomson's analogy is refined to account for the morally relevant features of late‐term pregnancy, rather than distinguishing between late‐term abortion and infanticide, it reinforces their moral similarity. This is because late‐term abortion requires more than detachment – it requires an act of feticide to ensure the death of the viable fetus. As such, a Thomsonian account cannot be deployed successfully as a response to Giubilini and Minerva. Those wishing to defend late‐term abortion while rejecting the permissibility of infanticide will need to provide an alternative account of the difference, or else accept Giubilini and Minerva's conclusion.
Opportunities in Reform: Bioethics and Mental Health Ethics
Authors: Williams Arthur Robin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLast year marks the first year of implementation for both the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act in the United States. As a result, healthcare reform is moving in the direction of integrating care for physical and mental illness, nudging clinicians to consider medical and psychiatric comorbidity as the expectation rather than the exception. Understanding the intersections of physical and mental illness with autonomy and self‐determination in a system realigning its values so fundamentally therefore becomes a top priority for clinicians. Yet Bioethics has missed opportunities to help guide clinicians through one of medicine's most ethically rich and challenging fields.Bioethics' distancing from mental illness is perhaps best explained by two overarching themes: 1) An intrinsic opposition between approaches to personhood rooted in Bioethics' early efforts to protect the competent individual from abuses in the research setting; and 2) Structural forces, such as deinstitutionalization, the Patient Rights Movement, and managed care. These two themes help explain Bioethics' relationship to mental health ethics and may also guide opportunities for rapprochement. The potential role for Bioethics may have the greatest implications for international human rights if bioethicists can re‐energize an understanding of autonomy as not only free from abusive intrusions but also with rights to treatment and other fundamental necessities for restoring freedom of choice and self‐determination. Bioethics thus has a great opportunity amid healthcare reform to strengthen the important role of the virtuous and humanistic care provider.
Sedimentary evidence for late Messinian uplift of theSEmargin of the Central Anatolian Plateau: Adana Basin, southern Turkey
Authors: Radeff Giuditta , Schildgen Taylor F. , Cosentino Domenico , Strecker Manfred R. , Cipollari Paola , Darbaş Güldemin , Gürbüz Kemal 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Adana Basin of southern Turkey, located at theSEmargin of the Central Anatolian Plateau in the vicinity of the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone, is ideally suited to record Neogene and Quaternary topographic and tectonic changes in the easternmost Mediterranean realm. On the basis of our correlation of 34 seismic reflection profiles with corresponding exposed units along the margins of the Adana Basin, we identify and characterize the seismic facies that corresponds to the upper part of the Messinian Handere Formation (ca. 5.45 to 5.33 Ma), which consists mainly of fluvial conglomerates and marls. The seismic reflection profiles indicate thatca. 1100 km3of the Handere Formation upper sub‐unit is distributed overca. 3000 km2, reflecting local sedimentation rates of up to 12.5 mm year−1. This indicates a major increase in both sediment supply and subsidence rates atca. 5.45 Ma. Our provenance analysis of the Handere Formation upper sub‐unit based on clast counting and palaeocurrent measurements reveals that most of the sediment is derived from the Taurus Mountains at theSEmargin of the Central Anatolian Plateau and regions farther north. A comparison of these results with the composition of recent fluvial conglomerates and the present‐day drainage basins indicates major changes between late Messinian and present‐day source areas. We suggest that these changes in drainage patterns and lithological characteristics result from uplift and ensuing erosion of theSEmargin of the plateau. We interpret the tectonic evolution of the southern flank of the Anatolian Plateau and the coeval subsidence and sedimentation in the Adana Basin to be related to deep lithospheric processes, particularly lithospheric delamination and slab break‐off.
basin%Ro: A vitrinite reflectance model derived from basin and laboratory data
Authors: Nielsen S. B. , Clausen O. R. , McGregor E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe combination of vitrinite reflectance, apatite fission track and present‐day borehole temperature data is very useful when performing tectonic and thermal reconstructions in sedimentary basins which, in turn, are essential for assessing risk in hydrocarbon exploration and for testing hypotheses of basin evolution. Releasing the full potential of the combined data set requires that the predictive models are accurate in themselves. Here, we calibrate a new kinetic vitrinite reflectance model ‘basin%Ro’ using borehole data from a number of sedimentary basins and vitrinite reflectance data from laboratory maturation experiments. The entire data set is inverted for the kinetic parameters of the reflectance model under consideration of uncertainty in the temperature histories of the calibration samples. The method is not sensitive to inconsistent calibration data, which are revealed by significant corrections to the temperature histories. The performance of the model is tested on independent well data from the East China Sea and the Nova Scotian Shelf. The widely used easy%Ro‐model overestimates vitrinite reflectance in the interval 0.5–1.7% Ro by up to 0.35%. Delimiting of oil generating intervals by prediction of vitrinite reflectance may lead to significant underestimation of the generative potential, which may call for a revision of some petroleum systems. The overestimation by easy%Ro may have fuelled the idea of pressure retardation of vitrinite reflectance evolution under sedimentary basin conditions, where pressures in fact are too low for this to be important.
Retinol binding protein and vitamin D associations with serum antibody isotypes, serum influenza virus-specific neutralizing activities and airway cytokine profiles
Authors: Jones B G , Oshansky C M , Bajracharya R , Tang L , Sun Y , Wong S S , Webby R , Thomas P G , Hurwitz J L 
Published: October 2015

SummaryVitamin A supports the induction of immunoglobulin (Ig)A responses at mucosal surfaces in mice, but much less is known about the influence of vitamins on antibody isotype expression in humans. To address this knowledge gap, we examined 46 residual blood samples from adults and children, some of whom were experiencing influenza virus infections of the respiratory tract. Assays were performed for retinol binding protein (RBP, a surrogate for vitamin A), vitamin D (a related vitamin) and antibody isotypes. Results showed that all but two tested samples exhibited RBP and/or vitamin D insufficiencies or deficiencies. Vitamin D correlated with blood IgM and IgG3, while RBP correlated with IgG4 and IgA. RBP also correlated positively with age and with influenza virus-specific antibody neutralization titres. Individuals with low blood RBP levels exhibited the highest frequencies of over-expressed cytokines and growth factors in nasal wash samples, an indication of inflamed mucosal tissues. While cause–effect relationships were not discerned, results support a hypothesis that vitamins directly influence B cell isotype expression in humans, and by so doing may help protect mucosal surfaces from respiratory viral disease.
Barrier function and natural moisturizing factor levels after cumulative exposure to a fruit‐derived organic acid and a detergent: different outcomes in atopic and healthy skin and relevance for occupational contact dermatitis in the food industry
Authors: Angelova‐Fischer Irena , Hoek Anne‐Karin , Dapic Irena , Jakasa Ivone , Kezic Sanja , Fischer Tobias W. , Zillikens Detlef 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundFruit‐derived organic compounds and detergents are relevant exposure factors for occupational contact dermatitis in the food industry. Although individuals with atopic dermatitis (AD) are at risk for development of occupational contact dermatitis, there have been no controlled studies on the effects of repeated exposure to multiple irritants, relevant for the food industry, in atopic skin.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate the outcomes of repeated exposure to a fruit‐derived organic acid and a detergent in AD compared to healthy volunteers.MethodsThe volunteers were exposed to 2.0% acetic acid (AcA) and/or 0.5% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in controlled tandem repeated irritation test. The outcomes were assessed by measurements of erythema, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and natural moisturizing factor (NMF) levels.ResultsIn the AD volunteers, repeated AcA exposure led to barrier disruption and significant TEWL increase; no significant differences after the same exposure in the healthy controls were found. Repeated exposure to SLS and the irritant tandems enhanced the reactions and resulted in a significantly higher increase in TEWL in the AD compared to the control group. Cumulative irritant exposure reduced the NMF levels in both groups.ConclusionsDifferences in the severity of irritant‐induced barrier impairment in atopic individuals contribute to the risk for occupational contact dermatitis in result of multiple exposures to food‐derived irritants and detergents.
Anomalous Evidence, Confidence Change, and Theory Change
Authors: Hemmerich Joshua A. , Van Voorhis Kellie , Wiley Jennifer 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel experimental paradigm that measured theory change and confidence in participants' theories was used in three experiments to test the effects of anomalous evidence. Experiment 1 varied the amount of anomalous evidence to see if “dose size” made incremental changes in confidence toward theory change. Experiment 2 varied whether anomalous evidence was convergent (of multiple types) or replicating (similar finding repeated). Experiment 3 varied whether participants were provided with an alternative theory that explained the anomalous evidence. All experiments showed that participants' confidence changes were commensurate with the amount of anomalous evidence presented, and that larger decreases in confidence predicted theory changes. Convergent evidence and the presentation of an alternative theory led to larger confidence change. Convergent evidence also caused more theory changes. Even when people do not change theories, factors pertinent to the evidence and alternative theories decrease their confidence in their current theory and move them incrementally closer to theory change.
Indolent CD8‐positive lymphoid proliferation of acral sites: three further cases of a rare entity and an update on a unique patient
Authors: Kluk Justine , Kai Anneke , Koch Dimitra , Taibjee Saleem M. , O'Connor Simon , Persic Mojca , Morris Stephen , Whittaker Sean , Cerroni Lorenzo , Kempf Werner , Petrella Tony , Robson Alistair 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundPrimary cutaneous indolent CD8‐positive lymphoid proliferation is an emerging entity characterized by slowly enlarging papules and nodules that are pathologically comprised of clonal nonepidermotropic medium‐sized atypical CD8(+) T‐cells. Although the majority of lesions are solitary and located on the ears, bilateral symmetrical presentations have been described and lesions may arise at other peripheral or ‘acral’ sites. Patients follow a benign clinical course and systemic involvement has not yet been observed. Despite this, some medical practitioners classify such lesions as peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, NOS, a category implying aggressive disease.ObjectivesWe present three cases seen in our institutions and provide an update on a previously reported unique patient who continues to develop recurrent and multifocal skin lesions.ResultsSystemic disease progression has not been observed, even in the presence of recurrent and multifocal cutaneous disease.ConclusionsIndolent CD8‐positive lymphoid proliferation of acral sites is a distinctive and readily identifiable entity and should be included in the next consensus revision of cutaneous lymphoma classification. Although cases described thus far have followed an indolent clinical course, dermatologists should remain guarded about the prognosis and full staging and longitudinal observation are recommended until this condition is better understood.
Examining the locations of medical marijuana dispensaries in Los Angeles
Authors: Thomas Crystal , Freisthler Bridget 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsLittle is known about the spatial distribution of medical marijuana dispensaries, particularly whether or not sites are disproportionately located in minority or communities with younger populations. This paper will assess if there is a relationship between medical marijuana dispensaries and neighbourhood characteristics.Design and MethodsThis study used an ecological, cross‐sectional design of 1000 census tracts from Los Angeles city in 2012 to explore the relationship between neighbourhood sociodemographics, structural features of neighbourhoods and density of medical marijuana dispensaries. Locations of dispensaries were obtained through a premise survey of all listed dispensaries. Data on neighbourhood characteristics were obtained from Geolytics. The study used Bayesian conditionally autoregressive models that include controls for spatial heterogeneity to analyse the data.ResultsFindings show that dispensaries are located in areas that allow for commercial establishments. Results indicate a positive relationship between dispensaries and percent commercially zoned, areas with highway ramp access, density of on‐ and off‐premise alcohol outlets and percent Hispanic residents.Discussion and ConclusionsIn sum, the findings suggest that, likely because of zoning regulations, dispensaries were located in primarily commercially zoned areas with greater road access (as measured by the presence of highway ramps). Given that areas with higher densities of dispensaries also have higher densities of alcohol outlets, future work should examine how this co‐location affects neighbourhood problems such as crime and violence. [Thomas C, Freisthler B. Examining the locations of medical marijuana dispensaries in Los Angeles. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:334–337]
Investigating the impact of pain, age, Gross Motor Function Classification System, and sex on health‐related quality of life in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Findlay Briar , Switzer Lauren , Narayanan Unni , Chen Shiyi , Fehlings Darcy 
Published: October 2015

AimTo explore whether health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) can be predicted by pain, age, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, and sex in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and whether different pain etiologies have varying effects on HRQOL.MethodsChildren with CP aged 3 to 19 years and their caregivers were consecutively recruited. Caregivers reported their child's pain (Health Utilities Index 3 [HUI3] pain subset) and HRQOL (DISABKIDS questionnaires). Physicians identified pain etiologies. A multiple linear regression model determined whether pain, GMFCS level, sex, and age predicted HRQOL. An ANOVA evaluated the effects of pain etiologies on HRQOL.ResultsThree hundred and forty‐four participants were approached and 87% (n=300) participated. Sufficient data were available on 248 (72% of total sample). Sixty‐six participants (27%) formed the pain group with HUI3 pain scores of at least 3. The presence of pain and increasing age significantly negatively predicted HRQOL (p<0.001, R2=0.141), while GMFCS and sex did not. Musculoskeletal deformity (24%) and hypertonia (18%) were the most frequent pain causes. HRQOL statistically differed depending on the pain etiology (p=0.028) with musculoskeletal deformity showing the lowest mean HRQOL.InterpretationThe presence of pain and increasing age negatively predict HRQOL in CP. musculoskeletal deformity has the greatest negative impact on HRQOL.
Gastric emptying and disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Keller Jutta , Binnewies Ulrich , Rösch Marie , Juul Holst Jens , Beglinger Christoph , Andresen Viola , Layer Peter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundGastric emptying (GE) is delayed in a subset of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We have shown before that altered release of gastrointestinal hormones may contribute to GE disturbances, but overall effects of disease activity remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to evaluate GE in patients with IBD during active disease and following therapy.DesignA total of 20 healthy subjects (HC) and 26 patients with IBD hospitalized because of an acute episode of their disease (Crohn's disease (CD) n = 13, ulcerative colitis (UC) n = 13) underwent a standardized 13C‐octanoic acid GE breath test (baseline test). Plasma glucose, cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) were measured periodically throughout the test. A total of 16 patients underwent a second GE test after 3–4 months of therapy.ResultsAt baseline, nine patients with IBD had pathologically delayed GE half‐time (T½ > 150 min) (P = 0·028 vs. HC). Moreover, T½ was significantly longer in the total group of patients with IBD than in HC (129 ± 12 min vs. 96 ± 7, P = 0·030). Postprandial GLP‐1 responses were elevated in IBD (P = 0·002 vs. HC) and correlated with T½ (P = 0·05). Following therapy clinical activity indices and T½ were decreased in IBD (P ≤ 0·01 vs. baseline), and T½ no longer differed from HC (P > 0·5). Moreover, GLP‐1 plasma levels decreased significantly (P = 0·031).ConclusionsHigher disease activity in IBD is associated with prolonged GE and increased release of GLP‐1. Following effective therapy, GE is accelerated and GLP‐1 release decreases significantly. Thus, increased release of GLP‐1 from the inflamed mucosa might contribute to GE disturbances in IBD.
Blackmania gen. nov. and the related genus Acaudella (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae)
Authors: Kanturski Mariusz , Wieczorek Karina 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe aphid genus Blackmania gen. nov. is described. In the genus, B. eastopi sp. nov. associated with Polygonum equisetiforme (Polygonaceae) from Israel and Cyprus is described and illustrated. Morphologically, the new genus is similar to the genus Acaudella in respect to the lack of a cauda. Acaudella puchovi, associated with Atraphaxis caucasica (=A. buxifolia) and A. spinosa (Polygonaceae) from Uzbekistan and Israel, is re‐described and the apterous viviparous female is figured for the first time. The lectotype and paralectotypes of A. puchovi are also designated. An identification key to known species of the tribe Macrosiphini without cauda is provided. The morphological separation of B. eastopi gen. nov., sp. nov. from A. puchovi is visualized using principal component analysis.
Expanding population edges: theories, traits, and trade‐offs
Authors: Chuang Angela , Peterson Christopher R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecent patterns of global change have highlighted the importance of understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of species range shifts and expansions. Unique demographic features, spatial processes, and selective pressures can result in the accumulation and evolution of distinctive phenotypic traits at the leading edges of expansions. We review the characteristics of expanding range margins and highlight possible mechanisms for the appearance of phenotypic differences between individuals at the leading edge and core of the range. The development of life history traits that increase dispersal or reproductive ability is predicted by theory and supported with extensive empirical evidence. Many examples of rapid phenotypic change are associated with trade‐offs that may influence the persistence of the trait once expansion ends. Accounting for the effects of edge phenotypes and related trade‐offs could be critical for predicting the spread of invasive species and population responses to climate change.
Fluid mapping in deeply buried Ordovician paleokarst reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, western China
Authors: Zhang Y. Y. , Sun Z. D. , Han J. F. , Wang H. Y. , Fan C. Y. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe storage spaces within deeply buried Ordovician paleokarst reservoirs in the Tarim Basin are mostly secondary and characterized by strong heterogeneity and some degree of anisotropy. The types of fluids that fill the spaces within these reservoirs are of great importance for hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. However, fluid identification from seismic data is often controversial in this area because the seismic velocity for this particular reservoir could be significantly influenced by many factors, including pore shapes, porosity, fluid types, and mineral contents. In this study, we employ the differential effective medium‐Gassmann rock physics model to interpret and discuss the characteristics of conventional karstic carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin that are filled with different fluids (oil, gas, and water) using logging data and thus objectively build corresponding fluid identification criteria. These criteria are subsequently evaluated by amplitude versus offset (AVO) forward analysis based on typical logging data and further applied to ascertain the reservoir fluid types in two different areas in the Tarim Basin based on prestack inversion results. For conventional carbonate reservoirs, gas can be distinguished from heavy oil and water, but heavy oil and water are broadly similar on seismic data. For condensate carbonate reservoirs, water can be differentiated from light oil (i.e., condensates) and gas, but light oil and gas demonstrate substantial similarities in terms of their seismic responses. The predicted fluid results are in good agreement with the results of drilling and oil testing. In particular, modeling the seismically resolvable reservoirs in the carbonate strata in the Tarim Basin, which have needle‐ and sphere‐shaped storage spaces (pore aspect ratio > 0.3) and clay content that is lower than 5%, indicates that fluid properties could be properly evaluated if the porosity is larger than 5% for conventional carbonate reservoirs and >7% for condensate carbonate reservoirs.