bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Risks of Pulmonary Infection During 12 Months Following Immunosuppressive Treatment for Active Connective Tissue Diseases: A Large-scale Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yamazaki Hayato , Sakai Ryoko , Koike Ryuji , Miyazaki Yasunari , Tanaka Michi , Nanki Toshihiro , Watanabe Kaori , Yasuda Shinsuke , Kurita Takashi , Kaneko Yuko , Tanaka Yoshiya , Nishioka Yasuhiko , Takasaki Yoshinari , Nagasaka Kenji , Nagasawa Hayato , Tohma Shigeto , Dohi Makoto , Sugihara Takahiko , Sugiyama Haruhito , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Inase Naohiko , Ochi Sae , Hagiyama Hiroyuki , Kohsaka Hitoshi , Miyasaka Nobuyuki , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: February 2015

Objective.Pulmonary infections (PI) are leading causes of death in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD). The PREVENT study (Pulmonary infections in patients REceiving immunosuppressiVE treatmeNT for CTD) assessed risk of PI in patients with active CTD in the contemporary era of advanced immunosuppressive therapy.Methods.In patients who started corticosteroids (n = 763), conventional immunosuppressants or biologics for active CTD were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory data, usage of drugs, and occurrence of PI were collected for 12 months. Baseline risk factors were investigated using Cox regression analysis. A nested case-control (NCC) study was performed with 1:2 matched case-control pairs to assess the risk for each drug category.Results.During the observation period, 32 patients died (4.2%) and 66 patients were lost to followup (8.6%). Patients with PI (n = 61, 8%) had a significantly worse accumulated survival rate than patients without (p < 0.01). Cox hazard regression analysis using baseline data showed that these factors were significantly associated with PI: age ≥ 65 years (HR 3.87, 95% CI 2.22–6.74), ≥ 20 pack-years of smoking (2.63, 1.37–5.04), higher serum creatinine level (1.21, 1.05–1.41 per 1.0 mg/dl increase), and maximum prednisolone (PSL) dose during the first 2 weeks of treatment (2.81, 1.35–5.86 per 1.0 mg/kg/day increase). Logistic regression analysis by an NCC study revealed that maximum PSL dose within 14 days before PI (OR 4.82, 95% CI 1.36–17.01 per 1.0 mg/dl increase; 2.57, 1.28–5.16 if ≥ 0.5 mg/kg/day) was significantly associated with the events, while other immunosuppressants were not.Conclusion.Physicians should be aware of the higher risks for corticosteroids of PI than other immunosuppressants and assess these risk factors before immunosuppressive treatment, to prevent PI.
Imaging as an Outcome Measure in Gout Studies: Report from the OMERACT Gout Working Group
Authors: Grainger Rebecca , Dalbeth Nicola , Keen Helen , Durcan Laura , Lawrence Edwards N. , Perez-Ruiz Fernando , Diaz-Torne Cesar , Singh Jasvinder A. , Khanna Dinesh , Simon Lee S. , Taylor William J. 
Published: February 2015

Objective.The gout working group at the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 12 meeting in 2014 aimed to determine which imaging modalities show the most promise for use as measurement instruments for outcomes in studies of people with chronic gout and to identify the key foci for future research about the performance of these imaging techniques with respect to the OMERACT filter 2.0.Methods.During the gout session, a systematic literature review of the data addressing imaging modalities including plain radiography (XR), conventional computed tomography (CT), dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) and the fulfillment of the OMERACT filter 2.0 was presented.Results.The working group identified 3 relevant domains for imaging in gout studies: urate deposition (tophus burden), joint inflammation, and structural joint damage.Conclusion.The working group prioritized gaps in the data and identified a research agenda.
Od najpomembnejših k najbolj ilustrativnim avtorjem: Théophile Gautier kot izhodišče za pouk o francoski romantični književnosti
Authors: Marinčič Katarina 
Published: February 2015

Članek naniza nekaj predlogov za poučevanje književnosti in literarne zgodovine v obdobju interneta. Opozarja na dejstvo, da v dobi, ko primarni in sekundarni viri postajajo iz dneva v dan dostopnejši, učitelj v veliki meri izgublja vlogo posredovalca gradiv in osnovnih podatkov. Po drugi strani pa ga obilica informacij postavlja pred novo nalogo: učencu oziroma študentu mora pomagati pri časovni orientaciji in iskanju bistvenega. V tem kontekstu se zdi smiselno, da poleg avtorjev, ki sodijo v literarni kanon, pri pouku literarne zgodovine obravnavamo tudi (relativno) manj pomembne, a ilustrativne avtorje (kot primer iz francoske literarne zgodovine navajamo Théophila Gautiera).
Uvodnik
Authors: Lah Meta 
Published: February 2015

Spoštovana bralka, cenjeni bralec,pred vami je četrta dvojna številka revije Vestnik za tuje jezike. Revija tokrat prinaša pester nabor člankov domačih in tujih avtorjev z različnih področij. Področja so dokaj enakomerno zastopana. Avtorji prihajajo z različnih fakultet, s slovenskih srednjih in osnovnih šol; objavljamo tudi prispevek Katarine Ule, ki je povzetek diplomske naloge na aktualno tematiko. Posebej nas veseli, da tokrat prvič lahko objavljamo tudi članka s področja jezika stroke: Nataša Gajšt in Nives Lenassi s svojima prispevkoma posegata na področje angleščine oziroma italijanščine.Številka prinaša večje število recenzij.Naj vas, cenjeni bralci, povabim še k sodelovanju: prispevke za naslednjo številko sprejemamo do 30. junija 2013.Prijetno in zlasti koristno branje vam želim,Meta Lah
Zdeňka Schejbalová: L‘évolution des fonctions de l‘article partitif en français
Authors: Perko Gregor 
Published: February 2015

Schejbalová, Zdeňka (2003): L‘évolution des fonctions de l‘article partitif en français. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, Pedagogická fakulta. ISBN 80-210-3229-4, broché, 50 kč
Teaching Idioms in German as a Foreign Language Lesson
Authors: Križaj Lucija 
Published: February 2015

I strongly believe that idioms which appear in everyday phrases should not be neglected when it comes to teaching a foreign language in schools. This article is a summary of my college diploma (with the same title: Teaching Idioms in German as a foreign language lesson). The aim of my thesis was to draw up five different learning examples for comprehending idioms while teaching German as a foreign language.There are crucial differences in the process idioms are taught, far more complex than teaching material in the textbook; different preparation, knowledge, and skills are needed. Lesson plans are based on a textbook for High School education Studio d for the B1 level. Each individual lesson contains at least five (5) phrases that are directly or indirectly related to the theme in the textbook. The basis of every lesson plan consists from so-called „phraseodidactic four-step”: (1) searching for phrases in given text, (2) an understanding of phrases through text, images, or predictive associations, (3) consolidation through a variety of tasks, and (4) the use of idioms.In my opinion that is how, with sufficient knowledge and use of idioms, students also get to know and learn about the culture of the target language - which by itself culturally connects them closer to the language.Key words: phrase, phraseodidactic, phraseodidactic step, teaching, lesson plan.
Difficulties of Pronunciation of Slovenian Speakers in Learning Italian Language
Authors: Brecelj Kaja Katarina 
Published: February 2015

Phonetics plays an important role in the field of language teaching since it not only facilitates the development of an accurate and conscious pronunciation but is also helpful to the teacher as it prevents the pronunciation difficulties students might encounter. The aim of this article is to find an answer to the question why Slovenian speakers learning Italian experience particular phonetic and phonological difficulties. The theoretical part presents the orthoepic situation of Slovenian and Italian, a brief phonetic and phonological analysis of the two languages with the description of speech sounds and their production, the position and function of accent, as well as some phonetic and phonological phenomena of Italian and Slovenian languages. The practical part consists of an analysis of audio recordings of three Slovenian speakers with the aim of identifying possible major difficulties.Key words: phonetics, phonology, pronunciation, Italian, Slovenian
The Receptive and Productive Knowledge of a Foreign and Second Language​​ - Analysis of the 2013 Italian Language Competition Tasks
Authors: Stanič Daša 
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this paper is to analize the subsets and the tasks of the competition in Italian as a foreign and second language in 2013. We were particularly interested in the share of the subsets and in the balance of receptive and productive tasks in the exams as well as in each particular subset. With the analysis of the subsets, it was found that in some of the four exams the subsets were unevenly represented. With a more detailed analysis of the tasks regarding the balance of receptive and productive tasks it was discovered that at levels A1 and A2 the exams were appropriately balanced, whereas at levels B1 and B2 the balance was not so good. While there were as many as two-thirds of the tasks in the exam for the level B1, which is intended for students that do not come from a bilingual area, productive, there were such only half of the tasks in the exam for the level B2, intended for students living in the bilingual area. In addition, the subset „communication“ consisted of almost exclusively receptive tasks.In the future, the shares of the sections and the balance of receptive and productive tasks will need some further consideration regarding two criteria: the students competing in the competition are the best students in Italian so the share of productive tasks should not fall below 50% and in addition, the difference between students coming from bilingual area and the others should be taken into account. Key words: Italian, foreign / second language, testing, receptive tasks, productive tasks.
Razvoj osnovne pismenosti enojezičnih in večjezičnih otrok
Authors: Mertelj Darja 
Published: February 2015

Zorman, Anja (2013): Razvoj osnovne pismenosti enojezičnih in večjezičnih otrok. Koper: Univerza na Primorskem, Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče, Univerzitetna založba Annales. ISBN 978-961-6862-48-6, mehka vezava, 167 strani, 15,00 EUR
Gender, Islam, And Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Tappan Robert 
Published: February 2015

As academics and Muslim thinkers begin to explore and formulate Islamic bioethics, it seems that the vital dimension of gender has so far received short shrift. This may appear all the more surprising in light of a growing body of literature on gender and Islam generally, though in many ways it mirrors the development of bioethics in the North American context. In that instance, too, new theories and cases involving gender were ignored for some time, but once given serious attention, had a significant impact on the field at all levels. One area of Islamic bioethics in which gender plays a central role is assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Yet even there, the implications of gender in the theory and practice of Islamic bioethics have not been sufficiently examined. Though some medical anthropologists in particular have addressed facets of gender in ART, more needs to be done to integrate this into the wider pursuit of Islamic bioethics.This paper attempts to call more attention to the issue of gender as a necessary consideration in the development of Islamic bioethics. What is similar and what is different in the relationship of gender and bioethics in the North American and Islamic contexts? What pitfalls can be avoided in the articulation of Islamic bioethics in light of the North American experience of gender and bioethics? This paper looks at Islamic bioethical thought and practice in the realm of ART — particularly in Iran — and presents some of the ways in which gender comes into play. It then suggests other dimensions in the development of Islamic bioethics wherein considerations of gender ought to play a core role.
End-stage renal disease and thrombophilia
Authors: Bauer Alexander , Limperger Verena , Nowak-Göttl Ulrike 
Published: February 2015

ZusammenfassungDie chronische Niereninsuffizienz (chronic kidney disease; CKD) stellt einen bekannten Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer arteriellen und venösen Thromboembolie (TE) dar. Das Risiko für eine TE ist bei moderat eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion ca. 2,5-fach erhöht und steigt mit zunehmender Insuffizienz auf etwa das 5,5-Fache. Vergleicht man Patienten mit einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz mit Patienten, die zusätzlich folgende Risikofaktoren aufweisen, erhöht sich das TE-Risiko erheblich: CKD und arterielle Thrombose: OR 4.9, CKD und maligne Grunderkrankung: OR 5.8, CKD und chirurgischer Eingriff: OR14.0; CKD und angeborene Thrombophilie (OR 4.3).Die Behandlung der terminalen Niereninsuffizienz besteht in Dialyse, Peritonaldialyse und Nierentransplantation. Bei allen Verfahren sind thromboembolische Komplikationen beschrieben. TEs, insbesondere aber Katheter-assoziierte Thrombosen oder Shuntverschlüsse treten in bis zu 25% der Dialysepatienten auf. Die Inzidenz einer Nierenvenenthrombose als Komplikation nach Nierentransplantation – verbunden mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Organverlustes – wird mit 2–12% angegeben.Da TE häufig multifaktoriell bedingt sind, erscheint ein generelles Screening auf Thrombophilie in diesem Patientenklientel nicht indiziert. Ein Screening sollte diskutiert werden bei Patienten, die entweder TEs vor Auftreten ihrer Nierenerkrankung entwickelt haben oder die eine positive Familienanamnese hinsichtlich VTE aufweisen. Auch Patienten, die unter Dialyse oder nach Transplantation multiple TEs erleiden und solche, die auf der Warteliste für eine Nierentransplantation (insbesondere Lebendspende) stehen, sollten hinsichtlich Thrombophilie untersucht werden.
Determinants of Private Investment and The Effects on Economic Growth in Indonesia
Authors: Suhendra Indra , Anwar Cep Jandi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInvestment is important part of development economic, especially on increase of economic growth. Through investment, various of production facilities will be provide, thus will give optimally production output and value added, as a result can improve the economic growth. Investment activities can be done by two main sectors, government and private. Majority of government investment commonly to finance physical and non-physical development that could not be conducted by society. Lack of capital in government sector influence low of encourage on physical infrastructure as driving of business and economic activities. That condition will impact on private investment. This study will explain the effect of government investment and another economic variables, such as economic growth, investment credit, interest rate, inflation and exchange rate, and the influence of private investment on economic growth in Indonesia
Psychoanalysis and the scientific mind: Robert Boyle
Authors: FIGLIO KARL 
Published: July 2002

It is a tempting exercise, both historically and psychoanalytically, to contribute to a
psychoanalytic understanding of Robert Boyle. Over many years, historians of science have
been amassing evidence of science as a social activity, part of the culture of its time. As
these studies progress, they stumble into psychoanalytic territory willy nilly. Indeed, the
very notion of enquiry into nature becomes a psychoanalytic issue, as soon as we think of
it as an emotionally charged approach to an object. If we think of Boyle as an early modern
scientific investigator and as a personification of the tensions surrounding the investigation
of nature as an object in the psychoanalytic sense, then we have a double reason for
bringing a psychoanalytic understanding to bear upon him.One of the criticisms of a psychoanalytic enquiry into any historical figure or situation
is that the object of study is not present in the way a patient is present. It is not simply that
the patient is not there – after all, there is documentary evidence to stand in for the missing
person – but that the key feature that makes the enquiry psychoanalytic is missing. There
is no transference, and no way to monitor the accuracy of interpretations. That means that
the analyst cannot sit in the place of the objects in which the subject has an intense
emotional investment, and from which vantage the subject of these investments can be
studied. In that sense, the enquiry cannot be said to be properly psychoanalytic in method.
The Bolu Massif: remnant of a pre-Early Ordovician active
margin in the west Pontides, northern Turkey
Authors: USTAÖMER P. AYDA , ROGERS GRAEME 
Published: July 2002

The scope of this study is to understand better the pre-Early Ordovician history of the west
Pontides of northern Turkey by focusing on the best-exposed part of the Bolu Massif, which is located
between Bolu and Yedigöller (Seven Lakes). The Palaeozoic rocks of the west Pontides tectonic belt of
northern Turkey comprise a transgressive sedimentary sequence known as ‘Palaeozoic of İstanbul.’ In
a few areas, the basement of the Palaeozoic sequence is exposed, the largest part of which is the Bolu
Massif, which is located in the middle of the west Pontides. The lowermost unit of the Palaeozoic of
İstanbul in the Bolu area is the Işığandere Formation, which is made up of fluvial red conglomerates
and sandstones of Lower Ordovician age. Three different units are exposed unconformably beneath
these continental clastics, forming the Bolu Massif. From the structural base to the top, these are as
follows: (1) a high-grade metamorphic unit, known as the Sünnice Group); (2) granitoid intrusions,
known as the Bolu Granitoid Complex; and (3) a greenschist meta-volcanic sequence (the Çaşurtepe
Formation).The Sünnice Group is the lowest, structurally speaking. It is a southwest–northeast-trending belt of
migmatitic basement, consisting of amphibolites and paragneisses cut by small (< 10 m) metagranitic
intrusions. The Sünnice Group is tectonically overlain by the Bolu Granitoid Complex and the
Çaşurtepe Formation along the Karadere Fault. In the study area the Bolu Granitoid Complex is represented
by two distinct, north-northeast–south-southwest-trending intrusions, the Tüllükiriş and
Kapikaya plutons. The granitoids are mainly tonalitic and granodioritic in composition, cut by lam-prophyre
and aplite dykes and intruded into the Çaşurtepe Formation. The Çaşurtepe Formation is
composed mainly of andesitic and minor rhyolitic lavas, along with a meta-ignimbrite sequence.The lavas have geochemical characteristics indicative of eruption in a subduction-related tectonic
setting. The geochemistry of the intrusions also suggests emplacement in an arc-type setting. Initial
Nd isotope data for the Çaşurtepe Formation indicate derivation from a depleted mantle source,
whereas those for the granitoids are consistent with greater degrees of crustal contamination.
MUNICH, CARPATHO–UKRAINE, THE
‘VELVET REVOLUTION’, AND THE OCTOBER
REVOLUTION
Authors: TEICH MIKULÁš 
Published: July 2002

Czechoslovakia between Stalin and Hitler: the diplomacy of Edvard
Beneš in the 1930s. By
I. Lukes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Pp. xii+318. ISBN 0-1951-0267-3.
£22.50.Carpatho–Ukraine in the twentieth century: a political and legal history.
By V. Shandor. Cambridge, MA: distributed by Harvard University Press for the Ukrainian
Research Institute, Harvard University, 1998. Pp. xvii+321. ISBN 0-9164A-5886-5. £21.95.Czechoslovak national interests, Part I: A historical survey of Czechoslovak
national interests, Part II: Reflections on the demise of Czechoslovak communism.
By Oskar Krejčí. Boulder, CO: East
European Monographs, distributed by Columbia University Press, New York, 1996.
Pp. 193, 167. ISBN 0-8803-3343-X. £31.00
Biophysical interactions at the root–soil interface:

a review
Authors: YOUNG I. M. 
Published: July 2002

Soil close to roots generally has chemical, physical

and biological properties which are significantly

different from those of soil located some distance

away (Jenny & Grossenbacher 1963; Hawes &

Pueppke 1986; Young 1995). The root–soil interface

is defined as soil near to or adhered to the root surface

to some small distance into the soil matrix. This

distance may vary between <1 mm and c. 10 mm.

Working definitions include rhizosphere, where ‘zones

of influence’ are inferred, and rhizosheath, when soil

adhered to the root is discussed. Most work carried

out at the root–soil interface has concentrated on

biological or chemical processes, due both to the fact

that the relevant techniques required to examine these

processes have been more advanced than the physical

techniques, and also because the farmer is generally

offered either biological or chemical solutions to his

everyday problems, as these are readily accessible,

easy to use and cheap. The main manipulation of soil

physical conditions occurs during cultivations, and

the addition or removal of water from the soil profile.

Intensive cultivations are a regular occurrence in

many farming systems, despite the potential drawbacks:

damage of the soil structure, leading to reduced

crop yields and an increased risk of erosion.The main aim of this review is not to cover all the

complex issues related to the root–soil interface.

Instead, it concentrates on the biophysical processes

which, compared with conventional plant physiological and

soil microbiological research, have

attracted relatively limited attention (e.g. see Waisel

et al. 1996). The review examines small-scale

(μm-mm) interactions and, where possible, links their impact

to the larger scale. Three interacting areas are investigated:

the physical structure of the soil and root

growth, water dynamics and microbial dynamics.