bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Review of the Metallogenic Regularity of Nickel Deposits in China
Authors: Tao SUN , Denghong WANG , Zhuangzhi QIAN , Yong FU , Zhenghui CHEN , Debo LOU 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe nickel deposits mainly distributed in 19 provinces and autonomous regions in China are 339 ore deposits/occurrences, including 4 super large‐scale deposits, 14 large‐scale deposits, 26 middle‐scale deposits, 75 small‐scale deposits, and 220 mineralized occurrences. The prediction types of mineral resources of nickel deposits are magmatic type, marine sedimentary type and regolith type. The formation age is from the Neoarchean to the Cenozoic with two peaks in the Neoproterozoic and the late Paleozoic. The nickel deposits formed in the Neoproterozoic are located on the margin of the North China Block and Yangtze Block, and those formed in the late Paleozoic are mainly distributed in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), Emeishan and the Tarim Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). Magmatic nickel deposits are mainly related with broken‐up continental margin, post‐collision extension of the orogenic belt and mantle plume. According to different tectonic backgrounds and main characteristics of magmatism, the Ni‐Cu‐Co‐PGE metallogenic series types of ore deposits related with mantle‐derived mafic‐ultramafic rocks can be divided into 4 subtypes: (1) the Ni‐Cu‐Co‐PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle‐derived mafic‐ultramafic rocks in the broken‐up continental margin, (2) the Ni‐Cu‐Co‐PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle‐derived mafic‐ultramafic rocks in mantle plume magmatism, (3) the Ni‐Cu‐Co‐PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle‐derived mafic‐ultramafic rocks in the subduction of the orogenic belt, and (4) the Ni‐Cu‐Co‐PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle‐derived mafic‐ultramafic rocks in post‐collision extension of the orogenic belt. We have discussed in this paper the typical characteristics and metallogenic models for Neoproterozoic Ni‐Cu‐(PGE) deposits related with broken‐up continental margin, Cambrian marine sedimentary Ni‐Mo‐V deposits related with black shale, early Permian Ni‐Cu deposits related with post‐collision extension of the orogenic belt, late Permian Ni‐Cu‐(PGE) deposits related with Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), and Cenozoic Ni‐Au deposits related with regolith. The broken‐up continental margin, mantle plume and post‐collision extension of the orogenic belt are important ore‐forming geological backgrounds, and the discordogenic fault, mafic‐ultramafic intrusion, high MgO primitive magma (high‐MgO basaltic magma), deep magmatism, sulfur saturation and sulfide segregation are 6 important geological conditions for the magmatic nickel deposits.
Review of Research on Early Cambrian Phosphatized Quadrapyrgites
Authors: Tiequan SHAO , Qi WANG , Yunhuan LIU , Yanan ZHANG , Hewei LI , Bo HU , Chuang LI , Zhiguo DONG , Hongtao ZHANG 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe metazoan Quadrapyrgites consists, from proximal to distal ends, of an oral area, a cone, a collar, and an apex from the Early Cambrian Fortunian Stage in Xixiang Zhangjiagou section, southern Shaanxi Province, South China. Three morphological types of the apex, the most characteristic feature of the taxon, are identified from hundreds of Quadrapyrgites specimens. The Quadrapyrgites growth zone is situated at the oral end, where 12 terminal lobes are generated, uplifted, enlarged, and evaginated to form a crest; A one‐by‐one of crest number from 2 to 13 has been recognized. The unique growth pattern and ontogenetic sequence refute a cubozoan or cycloneuralian affinity for Olivooides and Quadrapyrgites, and instead defend a coronate scyphozoan hypothesis. An embryonic development and ontogenetic sequence with embryo and crest is constructed.
Pretreatment neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio is not a significant prognostic factor in epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Sim Sung Hoon , Beom Seung‐Hoon , Ahn Yong‐Oon , Keam Bhumsuk , Kim Tae Min , Lee Se‐Hoon , Kim Dong‐Wan , Heo Dae Seog 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. However, previous data have been based on an heterogeneous population of lung cancer patients and various treatments. In this study, we evaluate the prognostic value of NLR in an homogeneous population of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.MethodsWe restrospectively evaluated the data of 250 NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations. All data are based on first‐line treatment.ResultsAll tumors harbored in‐frame deletions in exon 19 or an L858R point mutation. Eighty‐five patients were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), while 165 received cytotoxic chemotherapy as first‐line treatment. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that the NLR was a significant prognostic factor for first‐line progression‐free survival (PFS) in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.882, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.319–2.686, P = 0.001), but was not significant in the TKI group (HR 1.239, 95% CI 0.693–2.215, P = 0.469). The response rate (RR) to first‐line treatment was 76.5% in the TKI group and 29.5% in the chemotherapy group; however, the RR, according to the NLR (≤3 vs. > 3), was the same for both groups.ConclusionsThe NLR was a significant prognostic factor in the chemotherapy group, but it did not affect either RR or PFS in EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients treated with TKIs.
A validation of the pain interference index in adults with long‐standing pain
Authors: Kemani M. K. , Zetterqvist V. , Kanstrup M. , Holmström L. , Wicksell R. K. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundChronic pain is a major health problem and more knowledge is needed regarding the interference of pain on behaviors in different life domains. Clinically useful and statistically sound pain interference measures are highly important. Studies on youths have shown that the Pain Interference Index (PII) is a reliable and valid instrument that is sensitive to change following behavioral treatment. This measure may also have utility for adults, but no study has so far evaluated the statistical properties of the PII for long‐standing pain in adults.MethodsData were collected from 239 consecutive adults with non‐specific chronic pain referred to a tertiary pain clinic. We investigated the factor structure of items using a principal component analysis. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess internal consistency. The questionnaire's ability to predict levels of, e.g., disability was analyzed by means of regression analyses.ResultsAnalyses illustrated the adequacy of a one‐factor solution with six items. Cronbach's alpha (0.85) suggested a satisfactory internal consistency among items. The PII explained significant amounts of variance in pain disability, physical, and mental health‐related quality of life and depression, suggesting concurrent criteria validity.ConclusionThe PII is a brief questionnaire with reliable and valid statistical properties to assess pain interference in adults. Other studies support the reliability and validity of PII for use with youths, and now the PII can be used to analyze the influence of pain on behaviors across age groups. Potentially, the PII can also be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials.
Marked struvite crystalluria and its association with lower urinary tract signs in a cat with feline idiopathic cystitis
Authors: Bell ET , Lulich JP 
Published: August 2015

Case reportWe describe a case of a large amount of mineralised material, presumed to be struvite crystals, within the urinary bladder of a cat with feline idiopathic cystitis. The presence of this material coincided with episodes of lower urinary tract signs in this cat over a 2‐year period.Clinical significanceAlthough struvite crystalluria is widely considered to be clinically insignificant, this generalisation may not be true for all cats with lower urinary tract disease. Imaging of the urinary tract is recommended in all cats with lower urinary tract signs.
Adrenal insufficiency secondary to lymphocytic panhypophysitis in a cat
Authors: Rudinsky AJ , Clark ES , Russell DS , Gilor C 
Published: August 2015

Case reportA 13‐year‐old male castrated Domestic Shorthair cat was presented for investigation of lethargy, vomiting, polydipsia and polyuria. Glucocorticoid‐deficient hypoadrenocorticism was suspected based on hypocholesterolaemia, hypoglycaemia and lack of a stress leucogram, and confirmed with an ACTH stimulation test. Pituitary disease was suspected based on the clinical signs and the combination of hyposthenuria and hypernatraemia. Necropsy revealed bilaterally symmetric adrenocortical atrophy and the changes in the pituitary gland were suggestive of a T‐cell‐rich immune‐mediated panhypophysitis.Clinical significanceSecondary adrenal insufficiency and panhypophysitis have not been previously reported in the cat. This report should raise awareness of this rare but potentially treatable disease process.
Awareness, knowledge and views of off‐label prescribing in children: a systematic review
Authors: Balan S. , Hassali M. A. , Mak V. S. L. 
Published: August 2015

AimThe aim of this review was to provide an updated overview of awareness, knowledge and views of off‐label prescribing in children.MethodA literature search using electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, Proquest, Ebsco Host and Google Scholar was conducted. Additional articles were identified by reviewing the bibliography of retrieved articles. The articles were searched with any of the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms in the title: attitude, awareness, knowledge, experience, view, off‐label, pediatric, paediatric and children. The inclusion criteria were full text articles published in English between January 2004 and February 2015 and reported outcome related to awareness, knowledge and views regarding off‐label prescribing in children. Editorials, reviews, notes, conference proceedings, letters and studies reporting prevalence of off‐label prescribing were excluded. The articles were scrutinized using thematic analysis.ResultsEleven studies conducted among doctors, community pharmacists, paediatric nurses, parents and children met the inclusion criteria. Nine themes were developed through document analysis which included main domains such as knowledge, awareness and views on off‐label drug use in children, choice of information sources, reasons and suggestions to reduce off‐label prescribing, concern regarding obtaining consent and participation in clinical trials.ConclusionThe studies reviewed reported that the majority of doctors and community pharmacists were familiar with the term off‐label prescribing but knowledge among parents was low. Awareness on off‐label prescribing in children remains low among all study participants. There is a mismatch between views on off‐label prescribing in children of study participants and the finding of previous studies.
Population pharmacokinetics of naloxegol in a population of 1247 healthy subjects and patients
Authors: Al‐Huniti Nidal , Chapel Sunny , Xu Hongmei , Bui Khanh H. , Sostek Mark 
Published: August 2015

AimsNaloxegol, a polyethylene glycol conjugated derivative of the opioid antagonist naloxone, is in clinical development for treatment of opioid‐induced constipation (OIC).The aim of the study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model describing the concentration vs. time profile of orally administered naloxegol, and determine the impact of pre‐specified demographic and clinical factors and concomitant medication on population estimates of apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent central compartment volume of distribution (Vc/F).MethodsAnalysis included 12 844 naloxegol plasma concentrations obtained from 1247 healthy subjects, patients with non‐OIC and patients with OIC in 14 phase 1, 2b and 3 clinical studies. Pharmacokinetic analysis used the non‐linear mixed effects modelling program. Goodness of fit plots and posterior predictive checks were conducted to confirm concordance with observed data.ResultsThe final model was a two compartment disposition model with dual absorptions, comprising one first order absorption (ka1 4.56 h−1) and one more complex absorption with a transit compartment (ktr 2.78 h−1). Mean (SE) parameter estimates for CL/F and Vc/F, the parameters assessed for covariate effects, were 115 (3.41) l h–1 and 160 (27.4) l, respectively. Inter‐individual variability was 48% and 51%, respectively. Phase of study, gender, race, concomitant strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, strong CYP3A4 inducers, P‐glycoprotein inhibitors or inducers, naloxegol formulation, baseline creatinine clearance and baseline opioid dose had a significant effect on at least one pharmacokinetic parameter. Simulations indicated concomitant strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers had relevant effects on naloxegol exposure.ConclusionsAdministration of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers had a clinically relevant influence on naloxegol pharmacokinetics.
Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals maturation as a mechanism underlying glucocorticoid resistance in B lineage ALL and re‐sensitization by JNK inhibition
Authors: Nicholson Lindsay , Evans Caroline A. , Matheson Elizabeth , Minto Lynne , Keilty Christopher , Sanichar Maryna , Case Marian , Schwab Claire , Williamson Daniel , Rainer Johannes , Harrison Christine J. , Kofler Reinhard , Hall Andrew G. , Redfern Christopher P. F. , Whetton Anthony D. , Irving Julie A. E. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryGlucocorticoid (GC) resistance is a continuing clinical problem in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. A proteomic approach was used to compare profiles of the B‐lineage ALL GC‐sensitive cell line, PreB 697, and its GC‐resistant sub‐line, R3F9, pre‐ and post‐dexamethasone exposure. PAX5, a transcription factor critical to B‐cell development was differentially regulated in the PreB 697 compared to the R3F9 cell line in response to GC. PAX5 basal protein expression was less in R3F9 compared to its GC‐sensitive parent and confirmed to be lower in other GC‐resistant sub‐lines of Pre B 697 and was associated with a decreased expression of the PAX5 transcriptional target, CD19. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that increasing GC‐resistance was associated with differentiation from preB‐II to an immature B‐lymphocyte stage. GC‐resistant sub‐lines were shown to have higher levels of phosphorylated JNK compared to the parent line and JNK inhibition caused re‐sensitization to GC. Exploiting this maturation may be key to overcoming GC resistance and targeting signalling pathways linked to the maturation state, such as JNK, may be a novel approach.
Tumor‐Associated Macrophages Associate with Cerebrospinal Fluid Interleukin‐10 and Survival in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL)
Authors: Sasayama Takashi , Tanaka Kazuhiro , Mizowaki Takashi , Nagashima Hiroaki , Nakamizo Satoshi , Tanaka Hirotomo , Nishihara Masamitsu , Mizukawa Katsu , Hirose Takanori , Itoh Tomoo , Kohmura Eiji 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIncreased tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) have been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in various tumors; however, the importance of TAMs in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has not been clarified. In 47 patients with PCNSL who were treated with high‐dose methotrexate (MTX) and radiotherapy, the relationships between the infiltration levels of TAMs and the clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. Univariate analysis of the Cox proportional hazards model using continuous scales revealed that increased CD68 positive (+) TAMs was significantly associated with inferior progression‐free survival (PFS) (P = 0.04), and trends were observed for the increased CD163+ TAMs and having shorter PFS (P = 0.05). However, increased TAMs were not associated with overall survival. Because TAMs are known to produce various cytokines, we examined the relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines and TAMs. CSF interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and soluble IL‐2 receptor were not correlated with the infiltration rate of TAMs; however, CSF IL‐10 level was correlated with infiltration levels of CD68 and CD163+ TAMs. We also confirmed the expression of IL‐10 in CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs by double immunostaining analysis. Our results indicate that a high level of IL‐10 in CSF may be positively associated with the infiltration level of TAMs in PCNSLs.
Characterization of human organ donors testing positive for type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies
Authors: Wiberg A , Granstam A , Ingvast S , Härkönen T , Knip M , Korsgren O , Skog O 
Published: August 2015

Summary
In this study we aim to describe the characteristics of non-diabetic organ donors with circulating diabetes-associated autoantibodies collected within the Nordic Network for Islet Transplantation. One thousand and thirty organ donors have been screened in Uppsala for antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and islet antigen-2 (IA-2A). The 32 non-diabetic donors that tested positive for GADA (3·3% of all non-diabetic donors) were studied in more detail, together with 32 matched controls. Mean age among the autoantibody-positive donors was 52·6 (range 21–74), family history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) was unknown, and no donor was genetically predisposed for T1D regarding the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) locus. Subjects were analysed for islet cell antibodies (ICA), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and zinc transporter 8 antibodies (ZnT8A), and pancreas morphology and clinical data were examined. Eight non-diabetic donors tested positive for two antibodies and one donor tested positive for four antibodies. No insulitis or other signs of a diabetic process were found in any of the donors. While inflammatory cells were present in all donors, subjects with high GADA titres had significantly higher CD45 cell numbers in exocrine tissue than controls. The extent of fibrosis was more pronounced in autoantibody-positive donors, even in subjects with lower GADA titres. Notably, it is possible that events not related directly to T1D (e.g. subclinical pancreatitis) may induce autoantibodies in some cases.
Two‐Center Prospective, Randomized, Clinical, and Radiographic Study Comparing Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation with or without Bone Graft and Simultaneous Implant Placement
Authors: Marković Aleksa , Mišić Tijana , Calvo‐Guirado José Luís , Delgado‐Ruíz Rafael Arcesio , Janjić Bojan , Abboud Marcus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate stability and success rate of hydrophilic nanostructured implants placed via osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) without grafting material or using β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), deproteinized bovine bone (DBB), or their combination, and also to assess three‐dimensional volumetric stability of endo‐sinus bone gained in the aforementioned conditions.Materials and MethodsOSFE with simultaneous implant placement (10‐mm long SLActive‐BL®, Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) was performed. Grafting materials were randomly allocated to implant sites, whereas one site was left without graft. Implant stability was measured by resonance frequency analysis over 6 months. Implant success was evaluated after 2 years of loading. Volume of new endo‐sinus bone was calculated from CBCT images using 3D Slicer® software.ResultsA total of 180 implants were inserted into posterior maxilla of 45 patients with 6.59 ± 0.45 mm of residual bone height, and all remained successful after 2 years. Implant stability steadily increased during healing, without significant difference between groups (p = .658). After 2 years, endo‐sinus bone significantly shrank (p < .001) in all groups (DBB:66.34%; β‐TCP:61.44%; new bone formed from coagulum: 53.02%; β‐TCP + DBB:33.47%).ConclusionsEndo‐sinus bone gained after OSFE inevitably and significantly shrinks regardless of whether grafting material is applied or not. Grafting material offers no significant advantage to stability nor clinical success of hydrophilic and nanostructured implants placed simultaneously with OSFE.
High‐definition optical coherence tomography – an aid to clinical practice and research in dermatology
Authors: Cao Taige , Tey Hong Liang 
Published: August 2015

SummaryAt present, beyond clinical assessment, the diagnosis of skin diseases is primarily made histologically. However, skin biopsies have many disadvantages, including pain, scarring, risk of infection, and sampling error. With recent advances in skin imaging technology, the clinical use of imaging methods for the practical management of skin diseases has become an option. The in vivo high‐definition optical coherence tomography (HD‐OCT) has recently been developed and commercialized (Skintell®; Agfa, Belgium). Compared with conventional OCT, it has a higher resolution; compared with reflectance confocal microscopy, it has a shorter time for image acquisition as well as a greater penetration depth and a larger field of view. HD‐OCT is promising but much work is still required to develop it from a research tool to a valuable adjunct for the noninvasive diagnosis of skin lesions. Substantial work has been done to identify HD‐OCT features in various diseases but interpretation can be time‐consuming and tedious. Projects aimed at automating these processes and improving image quality are currently under way.
Do long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids protect from atopic dermatitis?
Authors: Reese Imke , Werfel Thomas 
Published: August 2015

SummaryLong‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential for human nutrition. The number of double bonds determines whether a given fatty acid is termed two, three, or x times unsaturated. Depending on the distance of the first double bond from the fatty acid's methyl group, one distinguishes omega‐3 fatty acids from omega‐6 fatty acids.While the use of gamma linolenic acid, a long‐chain fatty acid of the omega‐6 family, has proven unsuccessful in the prevention or treatment of atopic dermatitis, supplementation of long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids may represent a promising approach in the prevention of allergic disorders, especially atopic dermatitis. Whether the concept of long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acid administration will also become established in a therapeutic setting, depends on whether the beneficial effects observed so far can be substantiated in randomized controlled intervention studies.
Schützen langkettige Omega‐3‐Fettsäuren vor atopischer Dermatitis?
Authors: Reese Imke , Werfel Thomas 
Published: August 2015

ZusammenfassungLangkettige mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäuren sind essentiell für die menschliche Ernährung. Die Anzahl der vorhandenen Doppelbindungen bestimmt, ob die Fettsäure als 2‐, 3‐ oder x‐fach ungesättigt bezeichnet wird. Abhängig davon, wie weit die erste Doppelbindung von der Methylgruppe der Fettsäure entfernt ist, unterscheidet man zwischen Omega‐3‐ und Omega‐6‐Fettsäuren.Während sich die Gabe von γ‐Linolensäure, einer langkettigen Fettsäure der Omega‐6‐Familie, sowohl in der Prävention als auch in der Therapie der atopischen Dermatitis als erfolglos herausgestellt hat, kann die Supplementation mit langkettigen Omega‐3‐Fettsäuren einen erfolgsversprechenden Ansatz bei der Prävention allergischer Erkrankungen, vor allem der atopischen Dermatitis, darstellen. Ob sich das Konzept einer Gabe von langkettigen Fettsäuren der Omega‐3‐Familie auch therapeutisch durchsetzen kann, ist abhängig davon, ob sich die bisher beobachteten günstigen Wirkungen in randomisiert kontrollierten Interventionsstudien nachweisen lassen.