bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mRNA-Binding Protein ZFP36 Is Expressed in Atherosclerotic Lesions and Reduces Inflammation in Aortic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zhang Huanchun , Taylor W. Robert , Joseph Giji , Caracciolo Valentina , Gonzales Donna M. , Sidell Neil , Seli Emre , Blackshear Perry J. , Kallen Caleb B. 
Published: April 2013

Objective—
We studied the expression and function of an mRNA-binding protein, zinc finger protein-36 (ZFP36), in vascular endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. We tested the hypotheses that ZFP36 regulates inflammation in vascular endothelial cells and that it functions through direct binding to target cytokine mRNAs. We also tested whether ZFP36 inhibits nuclear factor-κB–mediated transcriptional responses in vascular endothelial cells.

Approach and Results—
ZFP36 was minimally expressed in healthy aorta but was expressed in endothelial cells overlying atherosclerotic lesions in mice and humans. The protein was also expressed in macrophage foam cells of atherosclerosis. ZFP36 was expressed in human aortic endothelial cells in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, glucocorticoid, and forskolin, but not oxidized low-density lipoproteins or angiotensin II. Functional studies demonstrated that ZFP36 reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines in target cells by 2 distinct mechanisms: ZFP36 inhibits nuclear factor-κB transcriptional activation and also binds to cytokine mRNAs, leading to reduced transcript stability.

Conclusions—
ZFP36 is expressed in vascular endothelial cells and macrophage foam cells where it inhibits the expression of proinflammatory mRNA transcripts. The anti-inflammatory effects of ZFP36 in endothelial cells occur via both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Our data suggest that enhancing vascular ZFP36 expression might reduce vascular inflammation.
Heritability Estimates Identify a Substantial Genetic Contribution to Risk and Outcome of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Devan William J. , Falcone Guido J. , Anderson Christopher D. , Jagiella Jeremiasz M. , Schmidt Helena , Hansen Björn M. , Jimenez-Conde Jordi , Giralt-Steinhauer Eva , Cuadrado-Godia Elisa , Soriano Carolina , Ayres Alison M. , Schwab Kristin , Kassis Sylvia Baedorf , Valant Valerie , Pera Joanna , Urbanik Andrzej , Viswanathan Anand , Rost Natalia S. , Goldstein Joshua N. , Freudenberger Paul , Stögerer Eva-Maria , Norrving Bo , Tirschwell David L. , Selim Magdy , Brown Devin L. , Silliman Scott L. , Worrall Bradford B. , Meschia James F. , Kidwell Chelsea S. , Montaner Joan , Fernandez-Cadenas Israel , Delgado Pilar , Greenberg Steven M. , Roquer Jaume , Lindgren Arne , Slowik Agnieszka , Schmidt Reinhold , Woo Daniel , Rosand Jonathan , Biffi Alessandro 
Published: April 2013

Background and Purpose—
Previous studies suggest that genetic variation plays a substantial role in occurrence and evolution of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Genetic contribution to disease can be determined by calculating heritability using family-based data, but such an approach is impractical for ICH because of lack of large pedigree-based studies. However, a novel analytic tool based on genome-wide data allows heritability estimation from unrelated subjects. We sought to apply this method to provide heritability estimates for ICH risk, severity, and outcome.

Methods—

We analyzed genome-wide genotype data for 791 ICH cases and 876 controls, and determined heritability as the proportion of variation in phenotype attributable to captured genetic variants. Contribution to heritability was separately estimated for the
APOE
(encoding apolipoprotein E) gene, an established genetic risk factor, and for the rest of the genome. Analyzed phenotypes included ICH risk, admission hematoma volume, and 90-day mortality.

Results—

ICH risk heritability was estimated at 29% (SE, 11%) for non-
APOE
loci and at 15% (SE, 10%) for
APOE
. Heritability for 90-day ICH mortality was 41% for non-
APOE
loci and 10% (SE, 9%) for
APOE
. Genetic influence on hematoma volume was also substantial: admission volume heritability was estimated at 60% (SE, 70%) for non-
APOE
loci and at 12% (SE, 4%) for
APOE
.

Conclusions—
Genetic variation plays a substantial role in ICH risk, outcome, and hematoma volume. Previously reported risk variants account for only a portion of inherited genetic influence on ICH pathophysiology, pointing to additional loci yet to be identified.
Singular Readings in 4QSamuela and the Question of Rewritten Scripture
Authors: Cross Frank Moore , Saley Richard J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
4QSama contains 79 readings, sufficiently present on the leather to ensure validity, that are missing from all of the other textual witnesses (Masoretic Text, Septuagint [Old Greek, Kaige, Lucianic, Hexaplaric], Old Latin, Targum, Peshitta, Vulgate) employed for comparison in the DJD 17 publication. This study sorts these readings into five categories (Minor Grammatical Differences; Probable Scribal Changes; Agreement with Another Passage/Source; Too Unclear for Classification; and Putative Primitive Readings) and analyzes them for signs of tendentiousness and/or Rewritten Scripture. The conclusion of this study finds no evidence for either tendentiousness or Rewritten Scripture in the singular readings of 4QSama.
Structure and Allusion in the Apostrophe Zion (11QPsa 22:1–15)
Authors: Henderson Ruth 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The Apostrophe to Zion (11QPsa 22:1–15) is a Second Temple song structured as an alphabetic acrostic. A tripartite structure at alphabetic units ע-ת, ט-ס, א-ח with each part enclosed by inclusio has also been observed. In this paper it is proposed that the song also displays a seven part concentric structure, comprising A//A1—an opening and closing invocation to praise at units א-ב// ר-ת; an outer circle B//B1 units ג-ח//ע-ק in which a vision of the glorious future of Zion is recalled; an inner circle C//C1 units ט-כ//מ-ס in which past saving events are recalled and reflected upon in terms of the wisdom doctrine of retribution, and finally, a central section D at unit ל in which the hope of Zion is reaffirmed. Within this concentric structure the poet balances two biblical allusions to Isa 66:10–11 and Dan 9:24 in such a way that they enter into dialogue one with the other. In this the poet shares what appears to be a common Second Temple interpretive strategy of viewing earlier scriptural texts in the light of later ones.
Proposal to utilize simplified Swensen protocol in diagnosis of isolated pulmonary nodule
Authors: Ribeiro Sergio Marrone , Ruiz Raul Lopes , Yoo Hugo Hyung Bok , Cataneo Daniele Cristina , Cataneo Antonio José Maria 
Published: April 2013

Background The problem of diagnosing whether a solitary pulmonary nodule is benign or malignant is even greater in developing countries due to a higher prevalence of infectious diseases. These infections generate a large number of patients who are generally asymptomatic and with a pulmonary nodule that cannot be accurately defined as having benign or malignant etiology. Purpose To verify the percentages of benign versus malignant non-calcified nodules, the length of time after contrast agent injection is spiral computed tomography (CT) most sensitive and specific, and whether three postcontrast phases are necessary. Material and Methods We studied 23 patients with solitary pulmonary nodules identified on chest radiographs or CT. Spiral scans were obtained with Swensen protocol, but at 3, 4, and 5 min after contrast injection onset. Nodules were classified as benign or malignant by histopathological examination or by an absence or presence of growth after 2 years of follow-up CT. Results Of the 23 patients studied, 18 (78.2%) showed a final diagnosis of benign and five (21.7%) malignant nodules. Despite the small sample size, we obtained results similar to those of Swensen et al., with 80.0% sensitivity, 55.5% specificity, and 60.8% accuracy. Four minutes gave the greatest mean enhancement in both malignant and benign lesions. Conclusion Small non-calcified benign nodules were much more frequent than malignant nodules. The best time for dynamic contrast-enhanced CT density analysis was 4 min postcontrast. As well as saving time and money, this simplified Swensen protocol with only precontrast and 4 min postcontrast phases also reduces patient exposure to ionizing radiation.
Good scent in MRI: can scent management optimize patient tolerance?
Authors: Schellhammer Frank , Ostermann Thomas , Krüger Götz , Berger Bettina , Heusser Peter 
Published: April 2013

Background Psychological distress for patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may range from mild anxiety to serious panic attacks. Scents associated with a sense of wellbeing have been used to diminish psychological stress in various clinical conditions. Purpose To evaluate the influence of inhalation aromatherapy in the reduction of artifacts in patients undergoing MRI. Material and Methods Based on the assumption aromatherapy will lead to significant reduction of patient-related motion artifacts (PRMA) in MRI, a randomized controlled trial with two groups of 54 patients was enrolled. The primary endpoint was the number of sequences with PRMAs. Secondary outcomes were improvements of mood measured with the ASTS questionnaire as well as patient's recommendation to fellow patients tested by a visual analogue scale. Incidence and intensity of adverse events were documented. Results Ninety-five patients were included in the statistical analysis. We were not able to detect a significant reduction of PRMAs. There were also no significant differences in mood or in relation to the feeling before and after examination. The only differences that neared significance were “positive mood” and “recommendation”. No adverse reaction was observed. Conclusion Although aromatherapy has been effective in enhancing patient's mood or wellbeing in a variety of stressful clinical settings, we were not able to find a similar effect. Neither the primary nor the secondary endpoints reached a clinical meaningful magnitude.
Effect of cost efficiency reporting on utilization by physician specialists: A difference-indifference study
Authors: Goodman Robert M 
Published: April 2013

Summary Objective: To assess whether health plan implementation of specialist profile reports not associated with any health plan administered reward or consequence that measured physician cost efficiency relative to peers, and shared with specialists and primary care referral sources only, were associated with changes in specialist behaviour. Data source/study setting: Blue Care Network of Michigan is a non-profit statewide Health Maintenance Organization and wholly owned subsidiary of Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan. This study used administrative data from 2002 to 2006 and included only providers and adult (ages 18–65) commercial membership located in Southeastern Michigan. Study design: A difference-indifference study design of before and after specialist cost efficiency reporting on six specialties to both specialists and primary care referral sources, but not health plan members, to determine whether specialists who performed worse than peers changed the level of utilization of their own physician services without any direct health plan reward or consequence. Principal findings: Substantive changes were noted for interventional cardiology (-32.3%, P ≤ 0.01), orthopaedics (-13.3%, P ≤ 0.01) and otolaryngology (-15.9%, P ≤ 0.02). Less established, yet negative changes were noted for ophthalmology (-11.9%, P ≤ 0.01), gastroenterology (-3.2%, P = 0.23) and urology (-3.1%, P = 0.52). Conclusions: Simple and transparent reports on specialist cost efficiency distributed to referral sources and specialists using a more laissez-faire style reporting only health plan programme can engage providers and be associated with reductions in utilization. Possible mechanisms include explicit pressure from referral sources or self-motivated change by specialists.
The importance of normative integration in stroke services: Case study evidence from Sweden and England
Authors: Baeza Juan I , Boaz Annette , Fraser Alec , Fulop Naomi , McKevitt Christopher , Wolfe Charles 
Published: April 2013

Summary Objectives: A number of evidence-based interventions are now available for stroke patients. Good-quality stroke care involves a range of health professionals located across ambulance, hospital, community and primary care services. This study examined the perspectives of health-care workers involved in stroke care in Sweden and England on the integration challenges stroke care presents. Methods: Four qualitative case studies were carried out in Sweden and England, including 95 semistructured interviews with clinicians and managers associated with four different hospitals providing specialized stroke services. Findings: High levels of organizational, functional, service and clinical integration among clinicians that deliver emergency and acute stroke care were identified. This is frequently lacking among professionals delivering postacute care. These findings are linked to the prevalence or lack of normative and systemic integration in each respective stage of care. Conclusions: Emphasis on the need to treat stroke as an emergency condition in both countries has created a context in which normative and systemic integration often occurs among clinicians that deliver emergency and acute stroke care, aiding the development of organizational, functional, service and clinical integration across the case study sites. In contrast, integration between hospital and community (rehabilitation and general practice) care is frequently less successful.
A different kind of practice? Meanings attached by practitioners to the idea of ‘adult protection’
Authors: Sherwood-Johnson Fiona 
Published: April 2013

Summary This article began with an observation made during re-analysis of the dataset from a study of Scottish adult support and protection practice. Namely, different practitioners could mean different things when they said they had been doing ‘adult protection’ work. For this article, therefore, practitioners’ conceptualisations of adult protection work were hypothesised inductively from the dataset, and refined into categories through a process of constant comparison, open and axial coding. The dataset comprised material from case files and practitioner interviews relating to 23 ‘adults at risk’. Findings When practitioners said they had been doing ‘adult protection’ work, they could mean that: (a) they perceived themselves to have been responding to abuse, harm or high risk; and/or (b) they were adopting a certain formal, even coercive tone of work; and/or (c) they had formally flagged the work as adult protection, including through the use of procedures. Practitioners drew on and combined these meanings in different ways. They also varied in the extent to which they saw adult protection as a distinctive type of practice and/or as different from what had gone before. Applications Support and protection work involves nuanced judgements about the nature and intentions of policy, about how these relate to particular situations and about how best to translate them into practice. Time and support is required for this complex work. Further research is needed to deepen understandings of the practice context, particularly with respect to risk. Policy-makers should engage with such research as they continue to develop adult protection/safeguarding policies.
Dimensions of lay health worker programmes: results of a scoping study and production of a descriptive framework
Authors: South Jane , Meah Angela , Bagnall Anne-Marie , Jones Rebecca 
Published: April 2013

Background: Approaches that engage and support lay health workers in the delivery of health improvement activities have been widely applied across different health issues and populations. The lack of a common terminology, inconsistency in the use of role descriptors and poor indexing of lay health worker roles are all barriers to the development of a shared evidence base for lay health worker interventions. Objectives: The aim of the paper is to report results from a scoping study of approaches to involve lay people in public health roles and to present a framework for categorisation of the different dimensions of lay health worker programmes. Methods: Our scoping study comprised a systematic scoping review to map the literature on lay health worker interventions and to identify role dimensions and common models. The review, which was limited to interventions relevant to UK public health priorities, covered a total of 224 publications. The scoping study also drew on experiential evidence from UK practice. Results: Research-based and practice-based evidence confirmed the variety of role descriptors in use and the complexity of role dimensions. Five common models that define the primary role of the lay health worker were identified from the literature. A framework was later developed that grouped features of lay health worker programmes into four dimensions: intervention, role, professional support/service and the community. Discussion and conclusion: More account needs to be taken of the variations that occur between lay health worker programmes. This framework, with the mapping of key categories of difference, may enable better description of lay health worker programmes, which will in turn assist in building a shared evidence base. More research is needed to examine the transferability of the framework within different contexts.
Predisposing, facilitating and reinforcing factors of healthy and unhealthy food consumption in schoolchildren: a study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Daboné Charles , Delisle Hélène , Receveur Olivier 
Published: April 2013

Objective: African schoolchildren’s dietary habits are likely changing in the realm of the nutrition transition, particularly in urban areas, but data on their diet and on determinants are scanty. In order to design relevant interventions for this priority target group, the study aimed to assess food habits and their determinants in schoolchildren of Ouagadougou. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, fifth-grade schoolchildren filled during school hours a questionnaire to assess consumption frequency of ‘healthy’ foods (fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, legumes) and ‘unhealthy’ (superfluous) items (cake, cookies, candies, ice, soda) and underlying factors, using Green’s PRECEDE model. Results: The study included 769 schoolchildren, mean age 11.7 ± 1.4 years, from eight public and four private schools. Consumption scores of unhealthy items were significantly higher than healthy foods ( p = 0.001). During the week prior to the survey, 25% of children had eaten no fruit, 20% no meat, 20% no legumes, 17% no fish and 17% no vegetables. While less than 4% ate fruits or vegetables every day, 18.3% ate ice pop every day. Children eating cookies, cakes and candy every day were up to seven-fold those eating fruits, vegetables or legumes. Compared to public-school pupils, those from private schools consumed both healthy and unhealthy items more frequently ( p = 0.002 and p = 0.007, respectively). Urban schoolchildren had significantly higher unhealthy food scores ( p = 0.027) compared to peri-urban schools. Children’s healthy and unhealthy food consumption was primarily explained by perceived decisional power and availability [facilitating factors] for both types of foods, and maternal reinforcement for healthy foods and peers’ reinforcement for consumption of unhealthy items. Overall, facilitating factors rated higher for unhealthy than healthy foods. Conclusion: The study showed that city schoolchildren’s eating behaviours are far from optimal. Nutrition interventions should be tailored to address the underlying factors in order to impact on behaviours, thereby preventing both dietary inadequacies and excess.
Correlates of T-cell–mediated viral control and phenotype of CD8+ T cells in HIV-2, a naturally contained human retroviral infection
Authors: de Silva Thushan I. , Peng Yanchun , Leligdowicz Aleksandra , Zaidi Irfan , Li Lucy , Griffin Harry , Blais Marie-Eve , Vincent Tim , Saraiva Mavinga , Yindom Louis-Marie , van Tienen Carla , Easterbrook Philippa , Jaye Assan , Whittle Hilton , Dong Tao , Rowland-Jones Sarah L. 
Published: April 2013

Key PointsHIV-2 viral control is associated with a polyfunctional Gag-specific CD8+ T-cell response but not with perforin upregulation. Our findings provide insight into cellular immune responses associated with a naturally contained human retroviral infection.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Physical Therapy Outpatient Satisfaction Survey in an Italian musculoskeletal population
Authors: Vanti Carla , Bonetti Francesca , Ceron Daniele , Piccarreta Raffaella , Violante Francesco Saverio , Guccione Andrew , Pillastrini Paolo 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Although patient satisfaction is a relevant outcome measure for health care providers, few satisfaction questionnaires have been generally available to physical therapists or have been validated in an Italian population for use in the outpatient setting. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Italian version of the Physical Therapy Outpatient Satisfaction Survey (PTOPS).

Methods
The Italian version of the PTOPS (PTOPS-I) was developed through forward-backward translation, review, and field-testing a pre-final version. The reliability of the final questionnaire was measured by internal consistency and test-retest stability at 7 days. Factor analysis was also used to explore construct validity. Concurrent validity was measured by comparing PTOPS-I with a 5-point Likert-type scale measure assessing the Global Perceived Effect (GPE) of the treatment and with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

Results
354 outpatients completed the PTOPS-I, and 56 took the re-test. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of the original domains (Enhancers, Detractors, Location, and Cost) was 0.758 for Enhancers, 0.847 for Detractors, 0.885 for Location, and 0.706 for Cost. The test-retest stability (Intra-class Correlation Coefficients) was 0.769 for Enhancers, 0.893 for Detractors, 0.862 for Location, and 0.862 for Cost. The factor analysis of the Italian version revealed a structure into four domains, named Depersonalization, Inaccessibility, Ambience, and Cost. Concurrent validity with GPE was significantly demonstrated for all domains except Inaccessibility. Irrelevant or non-significant correlations were observed with VAS.

Conclusion
The PTOPS-I showed good psychometric properties. Its use can be suggested for Italian-speaking outpatients who receive physical therapy.