bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blind Depth-variant Deconvolution of 3D Data in Wide-field Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Kim Boyoung , Naemura Takeshi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a new deconvolution method for 3D fluorescence wide-field microscopy. Most previous methods are insufficient in terms of restoring a 3D cell structure, since a point spread function (PSF) is simply assumed as depth-invariant, whereas a PSF of microscopy changes significantly along the optical axis. A few methods that consider a depth-variant PSF have been proposed; however, they are impractical, since they are non-blind approaches that use a known PSF in a pre-measuring condition, whereas an imaging condition of a target image is different from that of the pre-measuring. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a blind approach to estimate depth-variant specimen-dependent PSF and restore 3D cell structure. It is shown by experiments on that the proposed method outperforms the previous ones in terms of suppressing axial blur. The proposed method is composed of the following three steps: First, a non-parametric averaged PSF is estimated by the Richardson Lucy algorithm, whose initial parameter is given by the central depth prediction from intensity analysis. Second, the estimated PSF is fitted to Gibson's parametric PSF model via optimization and depth-variant PSFs are generated. Third, a 3D cell structure is restored by using a depth-variant version of a generalized expectation-maximization.
The Function of the Alula in Avian Flight
Authors: Lee Sang-im , Kim Jooha , Park Hyungmin , Jabłoński Piotr G. , Choi Haecheon 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe alula is a small structure located at the joint between the hand-wing and arm-wing of birds and is known to be used in slow flight with high angles of attack such as landing. It is assumed to function similarly to a leading-edge slat that increases lift and delays stall. However, in spite of its universal presence in flying birds and the wide acceptance of stall delay as its main function, how the alula delays the stall and aids the flight of birds remains unclear. Here, we investigated the function of alula on the aerodynamic performance of avian wings based on data from flight tasks and wind-tunnel experiments. With the alula, the birds performed steeper descending flights with greater changes in body orientation. Force measurements revealed that the alula increases the lift and often delays the stall. Digital particle image velocimetry showed that these effects are caused by the streamwise vortex, formed at the tip of the alula, that induces strong downwash and suppresses the flow separation over the wing surface. This is the first experimental evidence that the alula functions as a vortex generator that increases the lift force and enhances manoeuvrability in flights at high angles of attack.
Circadian variations of clock gene Per2 and cell cycle genes in different stages of carcinogenesis in golden hamster buccal mucosa
Authors: Tan Xue-Mei , Ye Hua , Yang Kai , Chen Dan , Wang Qing-Qing , Tang Hong , Zhao Ning-Bo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that the expression of clock genes have circadian rhythms and many cell cycle genes are regulated by clock genes. The disruption of circadian rhythms appears to be associated with the acceleration of cancer development. To investigate the circadian patterns of the clock gene Per2 and of cell cycle genes p53, Cyclin D1, CDK1 and Cyclin B1 in different stages of carcinogenesis, the daily mRNA profiles of these genes were detected by real-time RT-PCR in dimethylbenzanthracene-induced cancer, in precancerous lesions and in normal tissues. Per2, p53, Cyclin D1 and CDK1 showed circadian rhythms in the 3 different stages of carcinogenesis, whereas the circadian rhythm of Cyclin B1 was absent in the precancerous lesions. The mesors and amplitudes of Per2 and p53 were decreased (P < 0.05), but the mesors of Cyclin D1, CDK1 and Cyclin B1 were increased with the development of cancer (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal tissues, the acrophases of Per2 and CDK1 were earlier in precancerous lesions and the acrophases of Cyclin D1, CDK1 and Cyclin B1 occurred later in the cancer cells. Our study represents the first demonstration of the circadian pattern variations of these genes in different stages of carcinogenesis.
Nonvolatile Bio-Memristor Fabricated with Egg Albumen Film
Authors: Chen Ying-Chih , Yu Hsin-Chieh , Huang Chun-Yuan , Chung Wen-Lin , Wu San-Lein , Su Yan-Kuin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study demonstrates the fabrication and characterization of chicken egg albumen-based bio-memristors. By introducing egg albumen as an insulator to fabricate memristor devices comprising a metal/insulator/metal sandwich structure, significant bipolar resistive switching behavior can be observed. The 1/f noise characteristics of the albumen devices were measured and results suggested that their memory behavior results from the formation and rupture of conductive filaments. Oxygen diffusion and electrochemical redox reaction of metal ions under a sufficiently large electric field are the principal physical mechanisms of the formation and rupture of conductive filaments; these mechanisms were observed by analysis of the time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and resistance–temperature (R–T) measurement results. The switching property of the devices remarkably improved by heat-denaturation of proteins; reliable switching endurance of over 500 cycles accompanied by an on/off current ratio (Ion/off) of higher than 103 were also observed. Both resistance states could be maintained for a suitably long time (>104 s). Taking the results together, the present study reveals for the first time that chicken egg albumen is a promising material for nonvolatile memory applications.
Antimicrobial nano-silver non-woven polyethylene terephthalate fabric via an atmospheric pressure plasma deposition process
Authors: Deng Xiaolong , Yu Nikiforov Anton , Coenye Tom , Cools Pieter , Aziz Gaelle , Morent Rino , De Geyter Nathalie , Leys Christophe 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn antimicrobial nano-silver non-woven polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric has been prepared in a three step process. The fabrics were first pretreated by depositing a layer of organosilicon thin film using an atmospheric pressure plasma system, then silver nano-particles (AgNPs) were incorporated into the fabrics by a dipping-dry process and finally the nano-particles were covered by a second organosilicon layer of 10-50 nm, which acts as a barrier layer. Different surface characterization techniques like SEM and XPS have been implemented to study the morphology and the chemical composition of the nano-silver fabrics. Based on these techniques, a uniform immobilization of AgNPs in the PET matrix has been observed. The antimicrobial activity of the treated fabrics has also been tested using P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans. It reveals that the thickness of the barrier layer has a strong effect on the bacterial reduction of the fabrics. The durability and stability of the AgNPs on the fabrics has also been investigated in a washing process. By doing so, it is confirmed that the barrier layer can effectively prevent the release of AgNPs and that the thickness of the barrier layer is an important parameter to control the silver ions release.
Enhancement of spin-wave nonreciprocity in magnonic crystals via synthetic antiferromagnetic coupling
Authors: Di K. , Feng S. X. , Piramanayagam S. N. , Zhang V. L. , Lim H. S. , Ng S. C. , Kuok M. H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSpin-wave nonreciprocity arising from dipole-dipole interaction is insignificant for magnon wavelengths in the sub-100 nm range. Our micromagnetic simulations reveal that for the nanoscale magnonic crystals studied, such nonreciprocity can be greatly enhanced via synthetic antiferromagnetic coupling. The nonreciprocity is manifested as highly asymmetric magnon dispersion curves of the magnonic crystals. Furthermore, based on the study of the dependence of the nonreciprocity on an applied magnetic field, the antiparallel alignment of the magnetizations is shown to be responsible for the enhancement. Our findings would be useful for magnonic and spintronics applications.
Age-associated modifications of intestinal permeability and innate immunity in human small intestine
Authors: Man Angela L. , Bertelli Eugenio , Rentini Silvia , Regoli Mari , Briars Graham , Marini Mario , Watson Alastair J. M. , Nicoletti Claudio 
Published: May 2015

The physical and immunological properties of the human intestinal epithelial barrier in aging are largely unknown. Ileal biopsies from young (7–12 years), adult (20–40 years) and aging (67–77 years) individuals not showing symptoms of gastrointestinal (GI) pathologies were used to assess levels of inflammatory cytokines, barrier integrity and cytokine production in response to microbial challenges. Increased expression of interleukin (IL)-6, but not interferon (IFN)γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β was observed during aging; further analysis showed that cluster of differentiation (CD)11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the major sources of IL-6 in the aging gut and expressed higher levels of CD40. Up-regulated production of IL-6 was accompanied by increased expression of claudin-2 leading to reduced transepithelial electric resistance (TEER); TEER could be restored in in vitro and ex vivo cultures by neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibody. In contrast, expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and junctional-adhesion molecule-A1 did not vary with age and overall permeability to macromolecules was not affected. Finally, cytokine production in response to different microbial stimuli was assessed in a polarized in vitro organ culture (IVOC). IL-8 production in response to flagellin declined progressively with age although the expression and distribution of toll-like receptor (TLR)-5 on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) remained unchanged. Also, flagellin-induced production of IL-6 was less pronounced in aging individuals. In contrast, TNF-α production in response to probiotics (VSL#3) did not decline with age; however, in our experimental model probiotics did not down-regulate the production of IL-6 and expression of claudin-2. These data suggested that aging affects properties of the intestinal barrier likely to impact on age-associated disturbances, both locally and systemically.
Effects of Age, Sex, and Body Position on Orofacial Muscle Tone in Healthy Adults
Authors: Dietsch Angela M. , Clark Heather M. , Steiner Jessica N. , Solomon Nancy Pearl 
Published: May 2015

PurposeQuantification of tissue stiffness may facilitate identification of abnormalities in orofacial muscle tone and thus contribute to differential diagnosis of dysarthria. Tissue stiffness is affected by muscle tone as well as age-related changes in muscle and connective tissue.MethodThe Myoton-3 measured tissue stiffness in 40 healthy adults, including equal numbers of men and women in each of two age groups: 18–40 years and 60+ years. Data were collected from relaxed muscles at the masseter, cheek, and lateral tongue surfaces in two positions: reclined on the side and seated with head tilted.ResultsTissue stiffness differed across age, sex, and measurement site with multiple interaction effects. Overall, older subjects exhibited higher stiffness coefficients and oscillation frequency measures than younger subjects whereas sex differences varied by tissue site. Effects of body position were inconsistent across tissue site and measurement.ConclusionsAlthough older subjects were expected to have lower muscle tone, age-related nonmuscular tissue changes may have contributed to yield a net effect of higher stiffness. These data raise several considerations for the development of accurate normative data and for future diagnostic applications of tissue stiffness assessment.
Single‐arm helical antenna with width of arm varying periodically for tilted beam
Authors: Zhang Tian‐Ling , Yang Xiao‐Qiang , Fei Dong‐Liang , Yan Ze‐Hong 
Published: May 2015

A single‐arm helical antenna with the width of the arm varying periodically for a circularly polarised (CP) tilted beam is introduced. The proposed antenna radiates a CP tilted beam, when the following two conditions are met: (i) the circumference of the proposed antenna is >4λ0/3 (λ0 is the wavelength in free space at the centre frequency) and (ii) the width of the arm varies periodically. The designed procedure reveals that the maximum radiation direction of the tilted beam is not sensitive to a change in frequency. The simulated and measured results show that the designed antenna radiates a CP tilted beam with θmax = 32°. The measured 10 dB return loss bandwidth is 12.8% from 2.33 to 2.65 GHz, and the experimental results of the radiation pattern, gain and axial ratio are also presented.
Welchen Einfluss haben Schulungen auf die Qualität der Patientenidentifikation? – Ergebnisse aus einer randomisierten, multizentrischen und multimodalen Interventionsstudie
Authors: Lessing C. , Straß C. , Standke H.-J. , Lux R. 
Published: May 2015

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die eindeutige Zuordnung von Versorgungsleistungen und Patienten ist eine wesentliche Säule der Patientensicherheit. Das Aktionsbündnis Patientensicherheit e. V. hat dazu eine Empfehlung veröffentlicht.
Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob und in welchem Ausmaß die interprofessionelle Schulung von Empfehlungsinhalten die Dokumentationsqualität als Bestandteil der Patientenidentifikation positiv beeinflussen kann.
Methode: In der randomisierten, multizentrischen und multimodalen Studie wurden Ärzte und Pflegende von 8 Stationen in 4 Krankenhäusern der Regel- und Maximalversorgung gemeinsam geschult und mit begleitenden Informations- und Schulungsmaterialien ausgestattet. Ungeschulte Stationsteams stellten die Kontrollgruppe dar. Die Effekte der Intervention wurden durch die Ermittlung von Dokumentationsfehlern in Patientenakten vor und nach der Schulung gemessen.
Ergebnisse: Nach der Schulung und Verteilung von Begleitmaterialien war in der Interventionsgruppe die Anzahl fehlerhafter Dokumente pro Akte im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe um 37,3% geringer (p<0,001).
Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse der Studie deuten darauf hin, dass die Schulung von Ärzten und Pflegenden ein wirksames Instrument darstellt, identifizierungsrelevante Dokumentationsfehler zu minimieren und damit das Risiko für Patientenverwechslungen zu reduzieren. Regelmäßige Wiederholungen und Vertiefungen erscheinen sinnvoll, um die Effekte von Schulungsmaßnahmen über kurze Zeiträume hinaus zu sichern und weiter zu verbessern.
Moderne Diagnostik und Therapie der Rhinitis allergica
Authors: Hauswald B. , Yarin Y. 
Published: May 2015

ZusammenfassungAllergische Erkrankungen nehmen weltweit zu. Die höchste Steigerungsrate verzeichnet die Rhinitis allergica. Die Diagnose stützt sich neben der Anamnese vor allem auf Hauttests, Labortests und – falls notwendig – auf Provokationstests. Als therapeutische Maßnahmen stehen die symptomatische und die kausale Therapie in Form von Karenz und spezifischer Immuntherapie zur Verfügung. Die spezifische Immuntherapie sollte als Mittel der Wahl angestrebt werden. Die spezifische Immuntherapie besteht aus subkutaner und sublingualer Immuntherapie. Therapeutika sind meistens native Allergene und Allergoide. Rekombinante Allergene befinden sich in der Entwicklung. Die modernen Therapieschemata dieser Präparate bestehen aus ganzjähriger oder prä- und co-saisonaler Behandlung mit mindestens 3- bis 4-jähriger Dauer. Bei polyvalenter Allergie können verschiedene Präparatformen und Therapieschemata miteinander kombiniert werden. Die Zukunft der Behandlung der Rhinitis allergica liegt in der weiteren Entwicklung der spezifischen Immuntherapie.
The 3D structure of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus LANA C-terminal domain bound to DNA
Authors: Hellert Jan , Weidner-Glunde Magdalena , Krausze Joern , Lünsdorf Heinrich , Ritter Christiane , Schulz Thomas F. , Lührs Thorsten 
Published: May 2015

Significance
KSHV is the etiological agent of Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and the plasma cell variant of multicentric Castleman disease. During latency, this dsDNA tumor virus expresses only a small subset of its more than 90 ORFs. Among these is ORF73/latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA), which acts as the origin binding protein and chromatin anchor of the extrachromosomal viral genome. This work provides detailed structural insights into the DNA-binding characteristics of LANA. We also report a previously unrecognized, third LANA binding site within the minimal replicator of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus. In addition to its mechanistic implications for latent viral persistence, the X-ray crystal structure of LANA bound to LANA binding site 1 DNA may assist in the tailored development of therapeutic LANA inhibitors.
Effects of Waterborne Lead Exposure in Mozambique Tilapia: Oxidative Stress, Osmoregulatory Responses, and Tissue Accumulation
Authors: Kaya Hasan , Akbulut Mehmet 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We studied the oxidative stress and osmoregulatory damage as well as the accumulation of lead in Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to different sublethal concentrations—low, medium, and high (0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/L)—of waterborne lead for 14 d in a semistatic condition. The accumulated levels of Na+,K+-ATPase, glutathione (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined from samples of gill, liver, intestine, brain, kidney, and muscle tissues. At the end of the experiment, the GSH levels of most tissues were higher in the treated group than in the control group (especially in the liver and kidney) but lower in the intestine. The levels of TBARS in the gill and brain tissues of the fish exposed to high lead doses were significantly higher than those of fish in the control group. Na+,K+-ATPase activity seemed to be significantly inhibited in the gill, intestine, and brain tissues across all treatment groups. At the end of the study, the total amount of lead that had accumulated within the various tissues ranked as follows: intestines &gt; kidney &gt; brain &gt; gill &gt; liver &gt; muscle. Our findings suggest that sublethal concentrations of lead can disrupt the health of Mozambique Tilapia and cause oxidative stress and osmoregulatory damage.
Received March 30, 2014; accepted November 28, 2014
pez: phylogenetics for the environmental sciences
Authors: Pearse William D. , Cadotte Marc W. , Cavender-Bares Jeannine , Ives Anthony R. , Tucker Caroline M. , Walker Steve C. , Helmus Matthew R. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Summary: pez is an R package that permits measurement, modelling and simulation of phylogenetic structure in ecological data. pez contains the first implementation of many methods in R, and aggregates existing data structures and methods into a single, coherent package.
Availability and implementation: pez is released under the GPL v3 open-source license, available on the Internet from CRAN (http://cran.r-project.org). The package is under active development, and the authors welcome contributions (see http://github.com/willpearse/pez).
Contact: will.pearse@gmail.com
Women and Gender in Ben Jonson’s Underwood
Authors: Evans Robert C. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter traces nearly every reference to women—real or imagined, literal or symbolic—that appears in Ben Jonson’s important collection of poems titled Underwood. It discusses in particular his references to the muses and other figures of classical myth, and it also discusses the ways in which his references to ‘real’ women often add to the vividness and effectiveness of the collection. Often, however, ‘real’ women and ‘real’ events are also treated in highly symbolic ways. The chapter ends by considering the larger issue of ‘gender’ in Underwood, including the possibility of homoerotic overtones.
Ben Jonson and Religion
Authors: Searle Alison 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter examines the complex role played by religion in Jonson’s life; his relationship to the theatre; his works in various genres (plays, poetry, and masques), and in the critical reception of his writings. It considers the biographical evidence surrounding Jonson’s multiple religious conversions within the broader context of recusancy culture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. It then examines some of the ways in which religion is represented in his plays and how this influenced and was shaped by the changes in religious culture that characterized Jonson’s lengthy professional career from the 1590s until the 1630s. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the relationship between religion and the theatre as it impacted upon Jonson’s writing and his own instrumentality—as a key cultural player—in redefining that relationship in early modern England.
Victorian Aesthetics
Authors: Siegel Jonah 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Although the field of aesthetics was consolidated in the nineteenth century, its study has been shaped by two contradictory tendencies: (1) the insistence that the aesthetic realm needs to be autonomous, independent of the world of common experience; (2) the ethical or political insistence that autonomy is impossible. Starting from this characteristic antinomy, and tracing it back to early theoretical formulations in Kant and Schiller, this chapter illuminates the ways in which the constant pull between form and reality, or between art and experience, was a fundamental characteristic of aesthetics in the Victorian period. The writings of Matthew Arnold, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning, George Eliot, Walter Pater, William Morris, John Ruskin, and others show the challenges of negotiating a concept that at times seems the only thing reconciling one to the world and at other times seems to be pulling one away to an impossible realm outside human existence.
Question-based Models of Information Structure
Authors: Velleman Leah , Beaver David 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present approaches to the semantics and pragmatics of information structure which centre on Questions Under Discussion (QUDs). Questions, explicit or implicit, are seen as structuring discourse, and information structural marking is seen as reflecting that underlying discourse structure. Our presentation of the model is largely cast in terms of extensions of Roberts’s (2012b) analysis, which is itself related to Rooth’s (1985/1992) Alternative Semantics and Hamblin’s (1973) approach to the semantics of questions. We present the model in terms of a range of constraints that relate information structure to discourse structure, notably constraints on the ‘Relevance’ of utterances, on the ‘Congruence’ of answers to questions, and on the ‘Availability’ of discourse antecedents. We discuss the application of the approach to the interpretation of focus and some cases of contrastive topics, to discourse structure, to the interpretation of focus sensitive operators, and to certain cases of presupposition projection.