bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household Income and Children’s Mental Health Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Maternal Wellbeing and Parent-Child Relationship Quality
Authors: Wilson Naomi , Minnis Helen , McDaid Shari , Pearce Anna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Uncertainty remains about the mechanism(s) through which household income influences mental health across the life course. The family stress model suggests the role of parental mental health and child-parent relationship quality may be significant, however few studies have explored this longitudinally. The present study aimed to decompose the pathways from low household income at age 3 to children's mental wellbeing at age 6, via maternal wellbeing (age 4) and parent-child relationship quality (age 5). Methods: We included four sweeps of the Growing Up in Scotland Study (n = 3639). Weights and multiple imputation were used. Low income was defined as the two bottom quintiles of equivalised household income. Potential mental health difficulties were determined using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Mediators were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Pianta Child-Parent Relationship Scale. A causal mediation analysis was conducted. Confounding factors adjusted for included ethnicity, family type, maternal age, education and employment. Results: Children from low-income households at age 3 were more than twice as likely to have a potential mental health difficulty at age 6 compared to all other children (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.16 (95% CI 1.50 to 3.80). Reduced maternal wellbeing mediated 11.21% of the TE. Adding perceived child-parent relationship quality to this model increased the proportion mediated to 30.89%. Discussion: Increasing the incomes of young families will improve child mental health. Given the long-term risks associated with childhood mental health difficulties this should be a public health priority.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of V2O5 /g-C3N4 /ZnO nanocomposite for efficient degradation of Amoxicillin, Chlorpyrifos and Methylene blue
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Pandurangan , Shanmugavelan Poovan , MuthuMareeswaran P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In the present research investigation, a novel nanocomposite viz. V2O5/g-C3N4/ZnO was synthesized using wet impregnation technique. Its photocatalytic degradation performance was assessed against various organic pollutants including the antibiotic Amoxicillin (AMX), the pesticide Chlorpyrifos (CPF), and the dye Methylene Blue (MB), under the effect of visible light in an aqueous medium. The materials synthesised and their photodegradation effectiveness were systematically characterized by a variety of techniques including XRD, HR-SEM, TEM, EDS, XPS, UV-DRS, PL, BET, and EIS. XRD spectra confirmed the existence in the hexagonal phase of g-C3N4, the hexagonal wurtzite structure in ZnO, and the orthorhombic phase in V2O5. The corresponding plane in the V2O5/g-C3N4/ZnO nanocomposite was also identified. The HR-SEM images depicted a composite of nanosheets and nanorods within the nanocomposite. The synthesized photocatalyst revealed an effective visible light absorption with a bandgap of 2.5 eV and displayed remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of 93.23% for MB, 62.02% for CPF, and 55.36% for AMX when exposed to visible light for 90 minutes. This proved its higher efficiency than that of individual components viz. g-C3N4, ZnO, and V2O5. The hydrogen ions (h+) and superoxide ions (O2•−) were found to be the key reactive species, which are involving in the photodegradation process by radical scavenging tests. Furthermore, the present nano photocatalyst proved its remarkable photocatalytic stability even after three cycles, showing its favorable chemical properties. The findings imply that this reported photocatalyst is highly suitable for efficiently photodegrading the organic pollutants in aqueous environments.
Real-time Facial Recognition Using Multi-Task Learning on a Raspberry Pi
Authors: ABOLUHOM Abdulatif Ahmed Ali , KANDİLLİ İsmet 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates multi-task learning for facial recognition using the Raspberry Pi, a popular single-board computer, to demonstrate how this inexpensive platform can perform deep learning tasks complexity in real time. We used MobileNet, MobileNetV2, and InceptionV3 as base models due to their efficiency and accuracy. The MTL models training were performed on a database built from photos of known individuals and celebrities from the VGGFace2 dataset, divided into three tasks: identifying individuals (9 classes), age estimation (3 groups), and ethnicity prediction (3 groups). Multitask learning enables the simultaneous execution of these tasks using shared layers between deep learning models. The results show a high accuracy rate: MTL InceptionV3 models achieved 93.3% person identification, 95.6% age estimation, and 97.5% ethnicity prediction. The MTL MobileNet model achieved the highest accuracy with 99% person identification, 99.3% age estimation, and 99.5% ethnicity prediction. The MTL MobileNetV2 model achieved 98.3% results in person identification, 97.3% in age estimation, and 99% in ethnicity prediction. These results demonstrate the significant potential of Raspberry Pi-based facial recognition systems in real-world applications such as security systems, personalized customer experiences, and demographic analytics. This study shows that multitask learning on the Raspberry Pi is practical, demonstrating that complex deep learning models can run efficiently even with limited resources. This opens opportunities for innovation, making facial recognition systems more flexible and easier to use. It also enables better resource utilization, thereby reducing computational load and energy consumption in real-time applications.
Widespread distribution of Aedes aegypti larvae, a potential risk of arbovirus transmission in the Grand Lomé health region, Togo, West Africa
Authors: Akagankou Kossivi I. , Ahadji-Dabla Koffi M. , Romero-Alvarez Daniel , Ortega-López Leonardo , Villanueva-Sarmiento Manuel , N’Tsoukpoe Komlan G. J. , Koffi Edoh , Kondo Yovo , Amekudi Adjo A. , Apetogbo Yawo , Lenhart Audrey , Ketoh Guillaume Koffivi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Understanding the population dynamics and geographic range of Aedes aegypti is of high importance for arbovirus vector surveillance and control. Little is known about the current distribution and seasonality of Ae. aegypti in Grand Lomé, Togo.
Methods
Mosquito oviposition traps (n = 70) were deployed in houses in the thirteen communes in Grand Lomé health region and examined weekly between May 2022 and April 2023. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were applied to investigate the relationship between larval collections and seasonality. The European Space Agency (ESA) World cover 10m 2020 product was used to represent different land cover classes and determine whether sites with higher larval numbers differed from sites with lower numbers.
Results
A total of 52,768 Ae. aegypti larvae were collected in Grand Lomé. The highest incidence of Ae. aegypti larvae was observed in the commune of Bè-Ouest (= 122.74 per 1,000 population). Agoè-Nyivé was the commune with the lowest incidence over the entire study period. Eight land-use classes were represented by the ESA 10 m product in Grand Lomé. The chi-square test to determine whether larval abundance categories and land cover classes were associated revealed a significant relationship (X2 = 2883.5, df = 14, p < 0.005).
Conclusion
This study provided information on the seasonal distribution of Ae. aegypti larvae in the health region of Grand Lomé. The results of this study could be useful in guiding disease vector surveillance and control efforts.
Photoinduced reduction of aquatic Cr(VI) on CdS/MoS 2 heterostructures
Authors: Ullah Haseeb , Ghazi Rizwana , Gai Shili , AlObaid Abeer A. , Al-Zaqri Nabil , Rehman Ziaur 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Among the aquatic pollutant remediation reactions, the reduction of oncogenic Cr(VI) to a benign Cr(III) is a reaction of high interest. Among different remediation methods, photocatalysis is considered the best because of efficiency, eco-and environment-friendly nature. So, the development of highly active, visible-light responsive, and noble-metal-free photocatalysts for the elimination of toxic heavy metal ions from wastewater is highly desirable. Herein, a facile two-step method, solvothermal and hydrothermal, was used to synthesise visible-light responsive CdS/MoS2 heterostructures (CM-HSs). Extensive structural characterizations were performed to assess the crystal structure (XRD and XPS), morphology (SEM and BET), and optical (UV-Vis) properties of the as-synthesized photocatalysts (CM-HSs). Aquatic Cr(VI) photoreduction was carried out over these photocatalysts using visible light. The results revealed high photocatalytic activity and photostability of CM-HSs regarding Cr(VI) reduction compared to that of the bare CdS. Among the heterostructures, CM-10 (2 wt % of MoS2) was the most active, reducing 99.04% of Cr(VI) within just 60 min. The enhanced photocatalytic activity for CM-10 was attributed to its high light harvesting capability, efficient separation and transportation of the produced electron-hole pairs due to the intimate contact interfaces and matching band potentials of CdS with MoS2. Based upon literature and experimental evidence, a photocatalytic mechanism for the photoreduction of Cr(VI) is also discussed in detail. The effect of different parameters, like amount of photocatalyst, amount of Cr(VI) and pH, were also evaluated. Like other good catalysts, CM-10 (2 wt % of MoS2) owe good photostability and recyclability.
Multi-fidelity Graph Neural Networks for Efficient Power Flow Analysis under High-Dimensional Demand and Renewable Generation Uncertainty
Authors: Taghizadeh Mehdi , Khayambashi Kamiar , Hasnat Md Abul , Alemazkoor Negin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The modernization of power systems faces uncertainties due to fluctuating renewable energy sources, electric vehicle expansion, and demand response initiatives. These uncertainties require consideration in power flow analyses by calculating power flow across a spectrum of generation and load values. Traditional power flow methods, which rely on iterative solutions of non-linear equation sets, become computationally burdensome under these uncertain conditions. Surrogate models have been used to reduces the computational cost of power flow analysis under uncertainty. Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have gained increasing attention as surrogates for power system simulations. However, GNNs, similar to other machine learning models, require significant amounts of training data. This paper proposes an innovative approach combining a multi-fidelity methodology with a GNN-based surrogate model for efficient power flow calculations. This model is trained using both high-fidelity power flow simulations and low-fidelity power flow simulations. Our multi-fidelity GNN model not only reduces the cost of generating training data, but also outperforms both single-fidelity GNN models trained solely on high-fidelity data and conventional neural network models. Additionally, the proposed model exhibits robustness to minor topology changes and achieves reasonable performance with unseen topologies. The model’s effectiveness is validated through simulations on standard IEEE systems.
Outlet of the Fan for Overcoming the Suction Limit of Fan Law
Authors: Seul Chul Hwan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Ventilation systems are crucial for controlling the indoor air quality in closed spaces and mitigating health hazards. However, for a high suction performance, fan-based ventilation requires considerable energy consumption along with subsequent environmental and financial drawbacks. According to the theory of Dalla Valle, a universal law of physics that applies to fans, it is impossible to draw in more air than the unique output of a fan. However, this study introduces how a fan can suck in more than its unique output. the limitations of the Daercoming lla Valle physics. Our method combines the use of a bladeless fan in series with an axial fan to exploit airflow dynamic properties and increase the output efficiency. Our findings show that the proposed fan configuration provides a new foundation for developing improved ventilation systems to overcome the limitations of fan laws.
Prevalência e variáveis associadas ao uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para pessoas idosas institucionalizadas
Authors: Da Silva Lenise Moreira , Koeche Cristiane , De Carvalho Luiz Sérgio , Roriz Anna Karla Carneiro , Ramos Lilian , de Oliveira Maria Liz Cunha , Da Silva Henrique Salmazo 
Published: July 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao uso de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados (MPI) em pessoas idosas institucionalizadas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 86 pessoas idosas residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência em Brasília/DF e na cidade de Salvador/BA. Os dados de saúde e dos medicamentos foram avaliados por meio de análises descritivas e inferenciais (valor de p < 0,05). Da amostra, 76,7% dos idosos utilizavam pelo menos um MPI e 91,8% apresentavam uma ou mais doenças, sendo a hipertensão arterial a doença mais comum. Os MPI mais prescritos foram os psicolépticos, com frequência de uso de 28,0 e os medicamentos que devem ser usados com cautela mais prescritos foram os psicoanalépticos (34,8%) e psicoléticos (28,1%). No que tange fatores associados, houve associação estatisticamente significante entre declínio cognitivo e uso de medicamentos que devem ser usados com cautela (OR=2,98; p=0,024) e entre o número de doenças crônicas e uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados em idosos (OR=2,95; p=0,024). Concluiu–se que a alta prevalência do uso de MPI por pessoas idosas institucionalizadas indica a necessidade de remodelação dos tratamentos medicamentos, bem como a melhoria da assistência médica nas instituições de longa permanência brasileiras. O alto uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos destaca o tratamento de demências e transtornos mentais como um dos principais desafios da assistência nesses serviços.
Cation interception and permeability characteristics of bentonite barriers exposed to NaCl and NH4Cl solutions
Authors: Sun Wen-jing , Tang Qian-tong , Fan Ri-dong , Yang Ai-wu , Tan Yun-zi , Leung A. K. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
High concentrations of Na+ and NH4+ in landfill leachate lead to deterioration of bentonite barrier and pose a threat to the environment. This study focused on the pollution interception and permeability characteristics of the bentonite barrier exposed to NaCl and NH4Cl solutions. Based on previous findings, salt solution concentrations were established at 74.80, 37.40, 18.70, and 9.4 mmol/L. The bentonite contents in the mixture were set at 0, 5, 10, and 15%. The results indicate that the samples exhibit better interception of NH4+ compared to Na+. This difference arises from the cation exchange sequence, the size of the hydration radius, and the hydrogen bonding of the two cations. Additionally, the difference in hydration enthalpy between the two cations leads to variations in the swelling of bentonite, resulting in a higher hydraulic conductivity coefficient in NH4Cl solution. This study shows that although bentonite barriers have better interception for NH4+, they exhibit greater hydraulic conductivity in NH4Cl solution, increasing the risk of leachate carrying other contaminants.
Synthesis of silver (Ag) nano/micro-particles via green process using Andrographis paniculata leaf extract as a bio-reducing agent
Authors: Chafidz Achmad , Rusdi Suharno , Nurrahman Imam , Haryanto  , Kalista Wibowo Agam Duma , Kusmayadi Adi , Hartanto Danang Tri 
Published: July 2024

In this work silver nano/micro-particles have been synthesized using sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) plant extract as a bio-reducing agent. The effects of different plant extract concentrations, AgNO3 precursor concentrations, and reaction time on the synthesized silver nano/micro-particles were investigated. The silver nano/micro-particles samples were then analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The UV-Vis absorbance spectrum of the colloid silver nano/micro-particles exhibited that all samples had absorbance peaks at a wavelength around 450 nm, confirming the formation of silver nano/micro-particles. It was also found that the UV-Vis absorbance peak of the silver nano/micro-particles inversely increased with decreasing AgNO3 solution concentration. Whereas, the higher the sambiloto extract concentration the higher the UV-Vis absorbance peaks. The UV-Vis absorbance peak increased with increasing synthesis time, suggesting that silver nano/micro-particles became more prominent. The UV-Vis absorbance peaks of the silver nano/micro-particles were about 0.0462, 0.0637, 0.0729, and 0.0936 at reaction time of 5, 10, 20, and 40 min, respectively. The XRD analysis result confirmed that the synthesized silver nano/micro-particles were in the form of nanocrystals with a face-centered cubic centered without any impurities. Additionally, the FESEM images showed that the silver nano/micro-particles had the primary particle size of 150-300 nm. There was the formation of some secondary particles with the size of about 0.7-1.5?m due to the agglomeration of primary particles. The particle size distribution analysis further confirmed the presence of primary and secondary particles. Meanwhile, the FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of four main peaks, linked to functional groups in the sambiloto extract and involved in the creation of silver nano/micro-particles.
PERIPHERAL BLOOD COUNT RECOVERY TIME COURSE DURING INDUCTION TREATMENT FOR ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: El-Zine Monya Abdullah Yahya , Hamayun Rahma , Alhadi Abdulrahman M , Ali Maged Ali Amer , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab 
Published: July 2024

Background: In recent years, the survival rate of pediatric ALL patients has increased to almost 90%, particularly for individuals with favorable prognoses. This success is mostly attributable to the use of risk-adapted medication, enhanced supportive care, and adjustments to therapy based on each patient's unique pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenomics. This research investigates ALL patients' response to induction chemotherapy, focusing on changes in peripheral blood cell counts and hematological markers, to predict therapeutic outcomes and provide a practical prognostic parameter.
Methods: This study involved 100 under 15-year-old patients with newly diagnosed ALL treated in pediatric leukemia units at Kuwait Hospital, Sana'a. Blood markers were collected and analyzed using Epi Info statistical program version 6. The study followed the French, American, and British classifications of pediatric leukemia. Participants were informed of the study's goals and advantages, and their participation was optional.
Results: The majority of patients were aged 5-9 years, with a mean age of 6.9 years. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after treatment, with the mean level being 8.8 mg/dL before and 10.8 mg/dL after treatment. Severe anemia was reported in 10% of patients before treatment and decreased to 2% after treatment. PCV levels were also measured before and after treatment, with the mean PCV level being below normal in 66% of patients before induction chemotherapy but improving to 20% after treatment. The mean RBC count before treatment was 2.9 cells × 106/μl, but improved to 3.8 cells × 106/μl after induction chemotherapy. The study found that over 50% of patients had iron deficiency anemia before and after induction chemotherapy, with a mean neutrophil percentage of 18.2%, lymphocyte percentage of 73.7%, monocyte percentage of 3.8%, and eosinophil percentage of 0.85%.
Conclusions: The study reveals that blood cell parameters replenish at different rates during induction chemotherapy, resulting in rapid platelet and slow neutrophil recovery. Changes in blood markers during induction may be prognostic.

Peer Review History:
Received 6 April 2024; Revised 10 May 2024; Accepted 25 June; Available online 15 July 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
IN VIVO STUDY EVALUATES EFFECTIVENESS OF ADDING CIPROFLOXACIN TO CALCIUM HYDROXIDE VERSUS SAUSSUREA COSTUS TO CALCIUM HYDROXIDE MEDICATION AGAINST BACTERIAL BIOFILM IN ROOT CANAL TREATMENT
Authors: AL Muhalel Amal Abdu Al Kareem , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab 
Published: July 2024

Background and objectives: Elimination of root canal bacteria is a perquisite for a successful root canal treatment. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of adding ciprofloxacin versus Saussurea costus extract to calcium hydroxide medicament against bacterial biofilm in root canal treatment in vivo study.
Materials and methods: In vivo study on 70 single-rooted human teeth at Sana'a University dental clinics used Saussurea costus extract preparation, including washing, drying, crushing, mixing, centrifugation, drying, and homogenization.The intracanal drug concentration was standardized by mixing 1 g of calcium hydroxide powder with 1 ml of ciprofloxacin or 1 ml of Saussurea costus extract in both groups. Three bacteriological samples were taken before root canal treatment, before Medicaments were placed, and 7 days after, and CFU and bacterial isolation were performed using standard methods.
Results: An intragroup analysis showed that all drug groups had a significant decrease in the number of intracanal bacterial cells from S1 to S2 and from S2 to S3 (p<0.0001). When comparing quantitative S1 or S2 data, there was no significant difference between the groups; however, at Sample 3, the Saussurea costus extract calcium hydroxide (34.05±21.8) had considerably higher bacterial counts than the calcium hydroxide + Ciprofloxacin group (11.9±29 CFU). The most isolated bacteria in S1 and S2 were Staphylococcus aureus (58.6%, 51.4%), followed by Klebsiella species (27.1%, 18.6%), Escherichia coli (25.7%, 17.1%), Enterococcus faecalis (22.9%, 15.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.4%, 12.9%).
Conclusions: The addition of Ciprofloxacin to calcium hydroxide and Saussurea costus- calcium hydroxide provided further antibacterial effectiveness when used as an intracanal medicament in vivo during root canal treatment.

Peer Review History:
Received 27 March 2024; Revised 5 May 2024; Accepted 28 June; Available online 15 July 2024
Academic Editor: Essam Mohamed Eissa, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, dressamceutics@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Kingsley C Anukam, University of Benin, Nigeria, kanukam@gmail.com
Dr. Liliya Logoyda, Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ukraine, logojda@tdmu.edu.ua