bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching New Materials and Techniques for Fixed Dental Prostheses in Dental Schools in the United States and Canada: A Survey
Authors: Ben‐Gal Gilad , Herskowitz Hani D. , Beyth Nurit , Weiss Ervin I. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeTooth‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) remain an extensive therapeutic option, with new materials and a digital fabrication process gradually replacing traditional methods. The variety of advances calls for dental schools to expand the teaching of this field. Our aim was to examine the nature and the amount of theoretical and practical training in clinical FDP courses, and the extent to which new methods and innovations in the field are being integrated.Materials and MethodsData were collected using an online questionnaire including theoretical and practical teaching regarding clinical courses, restorative materials, and new fabrication methods, which was sent to 58 dental schools in North America.ResultsA total of 36 schools responded to the survey for a response rate of 62.1%. All the schools teach theoretical and practical porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal (PFM) restorations, and almost all the schools teach full‐metal FDPs. In more than half (57.1%) of the schools, zirconia‐based FDPs are placed by students. Students place partial veneer FDPs in less than one‐fifth (17.9%) of the schools. The average number of restorations required for completion of the clinical course is 7.3 FDP units. The respondents assessed that of the total FDPs placed by students in the clinical course, tooth‐color coping (zirconia/alumina/porcelain) FDPs constituted 16.2%. None of the schools produce computer‐assisted design/computer‐assisted manufacturing copings or crowns within the school.ConclusionsAll North American dental schools include teaching and placement of PFM restorations in their curriculum, but only one‐third teach ceramic‐based crowns. The low average number of required crowns may lead to graduates not being exposed to and trained in up‐to‐date dental restorative materials and techniques.
Calibrating Use of Emotion Regulation Strategies to the Relationship Context: An Attachment Perspective
Authors: Winterheld Heike A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis research tested whether adult attachment orientations predict use of emotion regulation strategies in theoretically consistent ways, and whether associations among attachment orientations and emotion regulatory strategies are moderated by critical features of the relationship context. Ninety‐six couples (192 individuals) reported on their attachment orientations, habitual use of emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, negative emotion expressivity), and perceptions of relationship closeness and negative partner behaviors. Highly secure individuals reported greater use of cognitive reappraisal, especially when they felt closer to their partners, and engaged in less suppression when their partners behaved more negatively toward them. Highly avoidant individuals reported greater use of suppression, especially when they perceived more negative partner behaviors, and when their partners were more avoidant. Highly anxious individuals also used more suppression when their partners were more avoidant, but they expressed more negative emotions when they were paired with less avoidant partners. Fearful‐avoidant individuals' emotion regulation patterns resembled those of both highly secure and dismissive‐avoidant individuals. This study illustrates how attending to moderating effects within specific relationships and testing joint effects of both partners' personality characteristics can help identify contextual boundaries of emotion regulation strategies and clarify emotional response patterns in couples.
Time‐Use Patterns and the Recreational Use of Prescription Medications Among Rural and Small Town Youth
Authors: Pulver Ariel , Davison Colleen , Pickett William 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeTo examine the relationship between rural and small town adolescents’ time‐use and an increased risk for recreational use of prescription drugs in rural settings.MethodsRural students in grades 9 and 10 (n = 2,393) were asked about past‐year recreational use of prescription medications and their time‐use in structured and unstructured activity contexts in the 2009/2010 Cycle of the Canadian Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children survey. Time‐use patterns of rural and small town youth from across Canada were examined using multilevel, multivariate Poisson regression analyses to determine whether they may impact the risk of this kind of substance use.FindingsPeer time outside school hours and nonparticipation in extracurricular activities were significantly associated with rural youths’ recreational use of prescription drugs. Peer drug use, unhappy home lives and frequent binge drinking explained most of these associations.ConclusionsStructured and unstructured activity contexts within rural settings play a role in the nonmedical use of prescription medications. Results support interventions aimed at increasing structured time‐use opportunities in addition to focusing on peer contexts and multiple risk‐taking behaviors among rural youth.
Magnetic resonance imaging of suspected idiopathic bilateral C2 hypertrophic ganglioneuritis in dogs
Authors: Joslyn S. , Driver C. , McConnell F. , Penderis J. , Wessmann A. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVESTo report the magnetic resonance imaging and clinical features of suspected idiopathic bilaterally symmetric hypertrophic ganglioneuritis affecting the C2 nerve roots.METHODSRetrospective analysis of case records of dogs with imaging findings suggestive of idiopathic bilateral C2 neuritis. Data analysed included signalment, history, clinical signs, clinical pathology results and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Nerve root enlargement and spinal cord changes were classified as clinically significant or incidental, and further graded as mild, moderate or severe based on the degree of spinal cord distortion/compression. Imaging features were also correlated with severity of neurological deficits.RESULTSTwelve dogs, including nine Staffordshire bull terriers showed magnetic resonance imaging features suggestive of idiopathic hypertrophic neuritis of C2 nerve roots. Findings were considered incidental (4/12) or clinically significant (8/12) based on prior neurological examination. Changes were best visualised on transverse images at the level of the C1‐2 intervertebral foramina. The degree of associated spinal cord compression subjectively correlated with the severity of the neurological deficits. All cases with clinically significant lesions that were treated with corticosteroids responded favourably.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEBilaterally symmetric C2 neuritis likely represents idiopathic hypertrophic ganglioneuritis. Staffordshire bull terriers appear over represented. Immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids should be considered for clinically significant lesions.
Envisioning possibilities: visualising as enquiry in literacy studies
Authors: Smith Anna , Hall Matthew , Sousanis Nick 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDrawing from the research methods of three distinct literacy studies, in this piece, we highlight the visualisation approaches integral to our enquiry processes as researchers working to make sense of literacy and learning. We aim to encourage, provoke even, a conversation about visualisation processes in literacy research by sharing the individualised ways in which we (1) leaned on metaphors and visual aspects of musical notation to uncover new insights into the social nature of composing, (2) created comics shaped by particular aesthetic choices that influenced enquiry and meaning‐making, and (3) utilised insights gained from dynamic visualisations of data to see nonlinear patterns of writing development. With the descriptions of these studies and their methods as samples, we argue for a shift in focus from visualisation as an end product of analysis to an additional focus on the process of visualising as analysis.
Researching writing events: using mediated discourse analysis to explore how students write together
Authors: Rish Ryan M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article addresses how mediated discourse theory and related analytical tools can be used to explore how students write together. Considered within a sociocultural framework that conceptualises writing as involving distributed, mediated and dialogic processes of invention, this article presents an investigation of how three high school students wrote together for a collaborative project. This article presents a writing event selected from a larger study that is used to explore the ways authorship is distributed among the students, the resources that mediate their writing, the shifting social contexts they establish when writing and the relational and reflexive social positioning they enact. Mediated discourse theory and its related analytical tools are introduced for heuristic and methodological purposes for analysing how the coordination of these complexities shapes students' writing. The purpose for doing so is to gain a better understanding of how and why students write in the ways they do.
Contrasting definitive hosts as determinants of the genetic structure in a parasite with complex life cycle along the south‐eastern Pacific
Authors: López Z. , Cárdenas L. , Runil F. , González M. T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe spatial genetic structure (and gene flow) of parasites with complex life cycles, such as digeneans, has been attributed mainly to the dispersion ability of the most mobile host, which most often corresponds to the definitive host (DH). In this study, we compared the genetic structure and diversity of adult Neolebouria georgenascimentoi in two fish species (DHs) that are extensively distributed along the south‐eastern Pacific (SEP). The analysis was based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene sequences of parasites collected between 23°S and 45°S. In total, 202 sequences of N. georgenascimentoi in Pinguipes chilensis isolated from nine sites and 136 sequences of Prolatilus jugularis from five sites were analysed. Our results showed that N. georgenascimentoi is a species complex that includes three different parasite species; however, in this study, only lineage 1 and 2 found in P. chilensis and P. jugularis, respectively, were studied because they are widely distributed along the coastline. Lineage 1 parasites had two common haplotypes with wide distribution and unique haplotypes in northern sites. Lineage 2 had only one common haplotype with wide distribution and a large number of unique haplotypes with greater genetic diversity. Both lineages have experienced recent population expansion. Only lineage 1 exhibited a genetic structure that was mainly associated with a biogeographical break at approximately 30°S along the SEP. Our finding suggests that host access to different prey (=intermediate hosts) could affect the genetic structure of the parasite complex discovered here. Consequently, difference between these patterns suggests that factors other than DH dispersal are involved in the genetic structure of autogenic parasites.
A test of the central–marginal hypothesis using population genetics and ecological niche modelling in an endemic salamander (Ambystoma barbouri)
Authors: Micheletti Steven J. , Storfer Andrew 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe central–marginal hypothesis (CMH) predicts that population size, genetic diversity and genetic connectivity are highest at the core and decrease near the edges of species' geographic distributions. We provide a test of the CMH using three replicated core‐to‐edge transects that encompass nearly the entire geographic range of the endemic streamside salamander (Ambystoma barbouri). We confirmed that the mapped core of the distribution was the most suitable habitat using ecological niche modelling (ENM) and via genetic estimates of effective population sizes. As predicted by the CMH, we found statistical support for decreased genetic diversity, effective population size and genetic connectivity from core to edge in western and northern transects, yet not along a southern transect. Based on our niche model, habitat suitability is lower towards the southern range edge, presumably leading to conflicting core‐to‐edge genetic patterns. These results suggest that multiple processes may influence a species' distribution based on the heterogeneity of habitat across a species' range and that replicated sampling may be needed to accurately test the CMH. Our work also emphasizes the importance of identifying the geographic range core with methods other than using the Euclidean centre on a map, which may help to explain discrepancies among other empirical tests of the CMH. Assessing core‐to‐edge population genetic patterns across an entire species' range accompanied with ENM can inform our general understanding of the mechanisms leading to species' geographic range limits.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: duodenal aspiration vs glucose breath test
Authors: Erdogan A. , Rao S. S. C. , Gulley D. , Jacobs C. , Lee Y. Y. , Badger C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) remains challenging. Our aim was to examine the diagnostic yield of duodenal aspiration/culture and glucose breath test (GBT), and effects of gender, race and demographics on prevalence of SIBO.MethodsPatients with unexplained gas, bloating and diarrhea and negative endoscopy, imaging and blood tests were prospectively enrolled in two centers in USA. Randomly, within 1 week each patient underwent both duodenal aspiration/culture and GBT. The diagnostic yield of each test and relationship of symptoms, and effects of ethnicity, age, and gender on prevalence of SIBO were assessed and compared.Key ResultsDuodenal culture was positive in 62/139 (44.6%) subjects and GBT was positive in 38/139 (27.3%) subjects with an overall diagnostic agreement of 65.5%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of GBT was 42%, 84%, 68%, and 64%, respectively. Ethnicity or gender did not influence SIBO, but SIBO positive patients were older (p = 0.0018). Symptom patterns were similar except bloating was more prevalent in GBT positive and gas in culture positive subjects.Conclusions & InferencesDuodenal aspiration/culture identifies 45% of patients with suspected SIBO. GBT has lower sensitivity but good specificity for detection of SIBO. There were no ethnic or gender differences in the prevalence of SIBO, but patients with SIBO were older. Because GBT is non‐invasive, it should be considered first in patients with suspected SIBO.
Effect of dietary fat and food consistency on gastroparesis symptoms in patients with gastroparesis
Authors: Homko C. J. , Duffy F. , Friedenberg F. K. , Boden G. , Parkman H. P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundNutrition therapy for gastroparesis focuses on reducing meal size, fiber, fat intake, and increasing liquids intake relative to solid foods. Evidence to support these dietary interventions has been anecdotal. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fat intake and solid/liquid meal consistency on symptoms in gastroparesis.MethodsTwelve patients with gastroparesis were studied on four separate days receiving one of four meals each day in a randomized order: high‐fat solid, high‐fat liquid, low‐fat liquid, and low‐fat solid meal. At each visit, eight gastrointestinal symptoms were rated from 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) every 15 min, before and for 4 h after meal ingestion.Key ResultsThere was an increase in the total symptom score in the following order: high‐fat solid > low‐fat solid > high‐fat liquid > low‐fat liquid. For the high‐fat solid meal, symptoms remained elevated throughout the 4 h postprandial period. Severity of nausea more than doubled after the high‐fat solid meal, whereas the low‐fat liquid meal caused the least increase in nausea.Conclusions & InferencesA high‐fat solid meal significantly increased overall symptoms among individuals with gastroparesis, whereas a low‐fat liquid meal had the least effect. With respect to nausea, low‐fat meals were better tolerated than high‐fat meals, and liquid meals were better tolerated than solid meals. These data provide support for recommendations that low‐fat and increased liquid content meals are best tolerated in patients with symptomatic gastroparesis.
Shear bond strength of an orthodontic self‐etching adhesive after intracoronary bleaching
Authors: Fernandes H. O. , Santos L. B. , Firoozmand L. M. 
Published: January 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of intracoronary bleaching on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets using self‐etching and total‐etch adhesive systems.Material and MethodsIn 60 bovine incisors, a coronal lingual access was made to clean the pulp chamber and standardise the thickness of the dentine. The sample was randomly divided into four groups (each n = 15): (CT), control group, without bleaching and bonded with the total‐etch system (Transbond™ XT‐3M); (CTSE), without bleaching treatment and bonded with the self‐etching system (Transbond™ Plus Self‐Etching Primer‐3M); (BT), treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide for internal bleaching and bonded with the total‐etch adhesive system; and (BTSE), treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide and bonded with the self‐etching adhesive system. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine (EMIC). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) score was verified. The data were analysed using a two‐way anova and Tukey test (p < 0.05).ResultsSignificant differences were found, and the self‐etching adhesive groups presented the highest bond strength values (CTSE=11.55 ± 2.85 MPa; BTSE=14.14 ± 2.23 MPa). The ARI scores revealed significant differences among the groups; the greater amount of remaining adhesive was observed in the CTSE group, and the lowest scores were observed in the BT group.ConclusionsThe use of the self‐etching adhesive system, even after intracoronal bleaching, presented satisfactory adhesive strength for the bonding of brackets.
Houttuynia cordata modulates oral innate immune mediators: potential role of herbal plant on oral health
Authors: Satthakarn S , Chung WO , Promsong A , Nittayananta W 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveEpithelial cells play an active role in oral innate immunity by producing various immune mediators. Houttuynia cordata Thunb (H. cordata), a herbal plant found in Asia, possesses many activities. However, its impacts on oral innate immunity have never been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of H. cordata extract on the expression of innate immune mediators produced by oral epithelial cells.Materials and MethodsPrimary gingival epithelial cells (GECs) were treated with various concentrations of the extract for 18 h. The gene expression of hBD2, SLPI, cytokines, and chemokines was measured using quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. The secreted proteins in the culture supernatants were detected by ELISA or Luminex assay. Cytotoxicity of the extract was assessed using CellTiter‐Blue Assay.ResultsH. cordata significantly induced the expression of hBD2, SLPI, IL‐8, and CCL20 in a dose‐dependent manner without cytotoxicity. The secreted hBD2 and SLPI proteins were modulated, and the levels of IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, and IFN‐γ were significantly induced by the extract.ConclusionsOur data indicated that H. cordata can modulate oral innate immune mediators. These findings may lead to the development of new topical agents from H. cordata for the prevention and treatment of immune‐mediated oral diseases.
Oral treatment with the melatonin agonist agomelatine lowers the intraocular pressure of glaucoma patients
Authors: Pescosolido Nicola , Gatto Vittorio , Stefanucci Alessio , Rusciano Dario 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeAgomelatine is an agonist of melatonin that is used in the treatment of major depressive disorders. It has also shown an ability to decrease IOP in experiment animals and in normal human subjects. This pilot study addresses for the first time agomelatine effects on the IOP of patients affected by POAG.MethodsTen patients affected by hypertensive POAG treated by multiple hypotensive topical drugs and under further treatment with agomelatine (25 mg day−1 per os) for psychiatric problems, were enrolled. IOP tonometric values were measured at enrolment and after 15 and 30 days of agomelatine supplementation.ResultsAgomelatine given orally showed a significant hypotonising effect, stably decreasing IOP by roughly 30% of the enrolment value after 15 and 30 days of treatment.ConclusionsThe hypotonising effect of oral systemic agomelatine at 25 mg day−1 was able to further decrease IOP in both eyes of all enrolled POAG patients in which multiple drug treatment with anti‐glaucoma eye drops had no further effect.
Risk of Device Malfunction in Cancer Patients with Implantable Cardiac Device Undergoing Radiotherapy: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Zaremba Tomas , JAKOBSEN ANNETTE ROSS , SØGAARD METTE , THØGERSEN ANNA MARGRETHE , JOHANSEN MARTIN BERG , MADSEN LÆRKE BRUUN , RIAHI SAM 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundPacemakers (PMs) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) may develop malfunction during external beam radiotherapy (RT). We aimed to describe clinical practice in PM/ICD patients undergoing RT and to assess the rate and predictors of device malfunctions.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of all PM/ICD patients undergoing RT at four centers in Western Denmark during 2003–2012. Logistic regression was applied to identify predictors of PM/ICD malfunctions.ResultsFive hundred sixty patients were included. The annual rate of RT courses in PM/ICD patients increased by 199% from 1.45 treatments per 100,000 person‐years in 2003 to 4.33 in 2012. Safety measures included supplementary evaluations of PM/ICD (38.3%), reprogramming (1.5%), relocation of the device (3.5%), and application of a magnet to the ICD during RT (10.8%). At device evaluations after the RT (n = 453), malfunctions were detected in 10 (2.5%) PMs and four (6.8%) ICDs. Electrical resets constituted 11 (78.6%) of the malfunctions, and no failures were life‐threatening or warranted PM/ICD removal. Factors associated with device malfunctions in logistic regression analysis were beam energy ≥15 MV (odds ratio [OR] 5.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58–20.76) and location of tumor below the diaphragm (OR 4.31; 95% CI, 1.42–13.12). However, the effect of tumor location declined (OR 2.27; 95% CI, 0.65–7.95) after adjustment for beam energy.ConclusionsAlthough the rate of RT in PM/ICD patients is increasing, the damaging effects of RT on the devices seem to be usually transient. Our data suggest that high beam energy plays the pivotal role in inducing impairments in these devices.