bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Targets β2 Integrin Expression To Suppress Monocyte Adhesion
Authors: de Gaetano Monica , Dempsey Eugene , Marcone Simone , James William G. , Belton Orina 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Chronic recruitment of monocytes and their subsequent migration through the activated endothelium contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development. Integrin-mediated leukocyte adhesion is central to this process. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has the unique property of inducing regression of pre-established murine atherosclerosis via modulation of monocyte/macrophage function. Understanding the mechanisms through which CLA mediates its atheroprotective effect may help to identify novel pathways that limit or reverse atherosclerosis. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism through which CLA alters monocyte function. We show that CLA inhibits human peripheral blood monocyte cell adhesion to activated endothelial cells via loss of CD18 expression, the β2 chain of LFA-1 and Mac-1 integrins. In addition, using a static-adhesion assay, we provide evidence that CLA prevents monocytes from binding to ICAM-1 and subsequently reduces the capacity of these cells to polarize. CXCL12–CXCR4 interactions induce a conformational change in β2 integrins, facilitating leukocyte adhesion. In this study, we demonstrate that CLA inhibits CXCR4 expression, resulting in a failure of monocytes to directionally migrate toward CXCL12. Finally, using intravital microscopy, we show that, during CLA-induced regression of pre-established atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice, there is reduced leukocyte adhesion and decreased CD18 expression on Gr1+/CD115+ proinflammatory monocytes. In summary, the data presented describe a novel functional role for CLA in the regulation of monocyte adhesion, polarization, and migration.
Fatal Eosinophilic Myocarditis Develops in the Absence of IFN-γ and IL-17A
Authors: Barin Jobert G. , Baldeviano G. Christian , Talor Monica V. , Wu Lei , Ong SuFey , Fairweather DeLisa , Bedja Djahida , Stickel Natalie R. , Fontes Jillian A. , Cardamone Ashley B. , Zheng Dongfeng , Gabrielson Kathleen L. , Rose Noel R. , Čiháková Daniela 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
CD4+ T cells play a central role in inflammatory heart disease, implicating a cytokine product associated with Th cell effector function as a necessary mediator of this pathophysiology. IFN-γ–deficient mice developed severe experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), in which mice are immunized with cardiac myosin peptide, whereas IL-17A–deficient mice were protected from progression to dilated cardiomyopathy. We generated IFN-γ−/−IL-17A−/− mice to assess whether IL-17 signaling was responsible for the severe EAM of IFN-γ−/− mice. Surprisingly, IFN-γ−/−IL-17A−/− mice developed a rapidly fatal EAM. Eosinophils constituted a third of infiltrating leukocytes, qualifying this disease as eosinophilic myocarditis. We found increased cardiac production of CCL11/eotaxin, as well as Th2 deviation, among heart-infiltrating CD4+ cells. Ablation of eosinophil development improved survival of IFN-γ−/−IL-17A−/− mice, demonstrating the necessity of eosinophils in fatal heart failure. The severe and rapidly fatal autoimmune inflammation that developed in the combined absence of IFN-γ and IL-17A constitutes a novel model of eosinophilic heart disease in humans. This is also, to our knowledge, the first demonstration that eosinophils have the capacity to act as necessary mediators of morbidity in an autoimmune process.
New Role of Signal Peptide Peptidase To Liberate C-Terminal Peptides for MHC Class I Presentation
Authors: Oliveira Cláudia C. , Querido Bianca , Sluijter Marjolein , de Groot Anne F. , van der Zee Reno , Rabelink Martijn J. W. E. , Hoeben Rob C. , Ossendorp Ferry , van der Burg Sjoerd H. , van Hall Thorbald 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The signal peptide peptidase (SPP) is an intramembrane cleaving aspartyl protease involved in release of leader peptide remnants from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, hence its name. We now found a new activity of SPP that mediates liberation of C-terminal peptides. In our search for novel proteolytic enzymes involved in MHC class I (MHC-I) presentation, we found that SPP generates the C-terminal peptide-epitope of a ceramide synthase. The display of this immunogenic peptide–MHC-I complex at the cell surface was independent of conventional processing components like proteasome and peptide transporter TAP. Absence of TAP activity even increased the MHC-I presentation of this Ag. Mutagenesis studies revealed the crucial role of the C-terminal location of the epitope and “helix-breaking” residues in the transmembrane region just upstream of the peptide, indicating that SPP directly liberated the minimal 9-mer peptide. Moreover, silencing of SPP and its family member SPPL2a led to a general reduction of surface peptide–MHC-I complexes, underlining the involvement of these enzymes in Ag processing and presentation.
Annexin-A1 Regulates TLR-Mediated IFN-β Production through an Interaction with TANK-Binding Kinase 1
Authors: Bist Pradeep , Shu Shinla , Lee Huiyin , Arora Suruchi , Nair Sunitha , Lim Jyue Yuen , Dayalan Jivanaah , Gasser Stephan , Biswas Subhra K. , Fairhurst Anna-Marie , Lim Lina H. K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
TLRs play a pivotal role in the recognition of bacteria and viruses. Members of the family recognize specific pathogen sequences to trigger both MyD88 and TRIF-dependent pathways to stimulate a plethora of cells. Aberrant activation of these pathways is known to play a critical role in the development of autoimmunity and cancer. However, how these pathways are entirely regulated is not fully understood. In these studies, we have identified Annexin-A1 (ANXA1) as a novel regulator of TLR-induced IFN-β and CXCL10 production. We demonstrate that in the absence of ANXA1, mice produce significantly less IFN-β and CXCL10, and macrophages and plasmacytoid dendritic cells have a deficiency in activation following polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid administration in vivo. Furthermore, a deficiency in activation is observed in macrophages after LPS and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid in vitro. In keeping with these findings, overexpression of ANXA1 resulted in enhanced IFN-β and IFN-stimulated responsive element promoter activity, whereas silencing of ANXA1 impaired TLR3- and TLR4-induced IFN-β and IFN-stimulated responsive element activation. In addition, we show that the C terminus of ANXA1 directly associates with TANK-binding kinase 1 to regulate IFN regulatory factor 3 translocation and phosphorylation. Our findings demonstrate that ANXA1 plays an important role in TLR activation, leading to an augmentation in the type 1 IFN antiviral cytokine response.
Symplectic Degenerate Flag Varieties
Authors: Feigin Evgeny , Finkelberg Michael , Littelmann Peter 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA simple finite dimensional module Vλ of a simple complex algebraic group G is naturally endowed with a filtration induced by the PBW-filtration of U(Lie G). The associated graded space is a module for the group Ga, which can be roughly described as a semi-direct product of a Borel subgroup of G and a large commutative unipotent group . In analogy to the flag variety ℱλ = G:[vλ] ⊂ ℙ(Vλ), we call the closure of the Ga-orbit through the highest weight line the degenerate flag variety . In general this is a singular variety, but we conjecture that it has many nice properties similar to that of Schubert varieties. In this paper we consider the case of G being the symplectic group. The symplectic case is important for the conjecture because it is the first known case where, even for fundamental weights ω, the varieties differ from Fω. We give an explicit construction of the varieties and construct desingularizations, similar to the Bott–Samelson resolutions in the classical case. We prove that are normal locally complete intersections with terminal and rational singularities. We also show that these varieties are Frobenius split. Using the above mentioned results, we prove an analogue of the Borel–Weil theorem and obtain a q-character formula for the characters of irreducible Sp2n-modules via the Atiyah–Bott–Lefschetz fixed points formula.
On Localized Unstable K1-groups and
Applications to Self-homotopy Groups
Authors: Kishimoto Daisuke , Kono Akira , Tsutaya Mitsunobu 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe method for computing the p-localization of the group [X, U(n)], by Hamanaka in 2004, is revised. As an application, an explicit description of the self-homotopy group of Sp(3) localized at p ≥ 5 is given and the homotopy nilpotency of Sp(3) localized at p ≥ 5 is determined.
Die Attach Materials
Authors: Lu Daniel , Sun Yangyang , Wong C. P. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDie attach materials such as solder, polymeric adhesive pastes and films, and gold alloys are used to bond the chip (die) and the substrate. This article overviews the practical processing requirements of die attach materials and their application to semiconductor packaging, including die attach film for advanced BGA/CSP, Pb‐free packaging, and high‐power applications. In addition, dual‐function die attach films and future trends are also discussed.
Monoclonal Antibodies: Therapeutic Uses
Authors: Zola Heddy , Thomas Daniel , Lopez Angel 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies are protein molecules made in the laboratory from hybridoma cells (stable cell lines derived by fusing antibody‐producing cells from immunised animals with cells that confer immortality and high‐yield antibody production) or by recombinantdeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)technology. They are originally derived from the immune system and have a number of unique properties that have stimulated their use in medicine, including the ability to bind specifically and with high affinity to almost any molecular structure. They can be made in various expression systems such as bacteria or mammalian cells and modified for enhanced affinity, immune function or half‐life in blood. They are made in a homogeneous and reproducible form that allows comparisons across laboratories for diagnosis as well as therapeutics. Current major therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies include cancer, chronic inflammatory disease, and infection and they constitute the largest and fastest growing sector of the biological pharmaceutical industry.Key Concepts:Monoclonal antibodies are proteins with high specificity towards targets.Monoclonal antibodies have multiple utilities in therapy as they can recognise specific structures in targets such as bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, etc.Monoclonal antibodies can be produced in large amounts in homogeneous and reproducible form for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.Monoclonal antibodies have a clear regulatory path for their approval as therapeutics.Monoclonal antibodies can be derived from B‐cells from immunised animals, humans with autoimmune diseases andde novoby phage display.Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies can be engineered to be more human‐like proteins, to increase their affinity, reduce their immunogenicity and increase their half‐life in the circulation, and can be conjugated with toxin for better lytic effect.Monoclonal antibodies can mediate antibody‐mediated cytotoxicity by linking the target cells to cytotoxic cells through their binding sites and Fc sites.
Poaceae (Gramineae)
Authors: Peterson Paul M 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe grass family (Poaceae or Gramineae) is the fourth largest flowering plant family and contains approximately 11 000 species in nearly 800 genera worldwide. We currently recognise 12 subfamilies: Anomochlooideae, Pharoideae, Puelioideae, Bambusoideae, Ehrhartoideae, Pooideae, Aristidoideae, Panicoideae, Arundinoideae, Micrairoideae, Danthonioideae and Chloridoideae, and in these subfamilies we recognise 50 tribes and 81 subtribes. Grasses are well adapted to open, marginal and frequently disturbed habitats, and can be found on every continent, including Antarctica. A grass is characterised by having a caryopsis or grain, and the primary inflorescence is referred to as a spikelet with a lemma and palea. The incorporation of two photosynthetic or carbon dioxide assimilation pathways has led to the family's ability to occupy 31−43% of the Earth's surface in various climatic environments as the dominant component, the grasslands.Key Concepts:Rice, wheat, corn, barley, rye, oats, sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet and tef are widely cultivated grains.A grass is characterised by having a one‐seeded fruit known as a caryopsis or grain.The primary inflorescence is referred to as a spikelet with 1–many, two‐ranked bracts inserted along the floral axis or rachilla.The grass family is classified into 12 subfamilies, 50 tribes and 81 subtribes.A highly reduced floral structure and wind pollination has enabled the family to be extremely successful at planet‐wide radiation and colonisation.Incorporation of two photosynthetic carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation pathways has led to the family's ability to occupy 31−43% of the Earth's surface as a dominant component, the grasslands.
Genetics of Susceptibility to Leprosy
Authors: Priya Doss C George , Dev Sreyashi , Das Anubrita 
Published: September 2013

AbstractLeprosy is a chronic mycobacterial infection that elicits an extraordinary range of cellular immune responses in humans. Leprosy is also known as Hansen's disease after GA Hansen who discovered it in 1873. The infection is curable but not preventable, and remains a major global health problem, especially in the developing world. Complex segregation analysis study suggests an oligogenic model of leprosy susceptibility stating that the patients carry susceptible allele's loci. The infection in humans is influenced by genetic variation (SNPs) in the associated genes, that is, genes that contribute to the innate immune recognition of mycobacteria. Recognition of mycobacteria by the adaptive immune system, involves products of human leucocyte antigen/major histocompatibility complex genes and effector responses of the immune system. Host genetics plays an important role in determining an individual's risk of developing clinical leprosy. Host susceptibility genetic susceptibility to leprosy is complicated by the genetics ofMycobacterium leprae, interaction between gene and environmental factors, gene–gene interactions and lastly ethnicity. The host immune response influences the course of infection (host–pathogen relationship) and provides an exciting challenge to understand the genetics of disease susceptibility and immunopathogenesis of leprosy.Key Concepts:Leprosy was identified as the first devastating disease of humans causing disability by the bacterial pathogenMycobacterium leprae.Genomic data might be useful in the development of drugs and vaccines against leprosy. Despite widespread implementation of effective multidrug therapy, leprosy has not been eliminated.Complex segregation analyses have suggested a predominant genetic rather than environmental model for associations in leprosy.Recognition of mycobacteria by the adaptive immune system involving products of human leucocyte antigen/major histocompatibility complex genes and effector responses of the immune system (genes affecting cytokines, chemokines and immunomodulators).Direct involvement of SNPs in different genes in host genetic susceptibility to leprosy.Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent an important class of genetic variation, and SNPs within and outside coding sequences are under intense examination for possible associations or mechanistic links to disease.Haplotypes are combinations of two or more polymorphisms (SNPs in this case) within a single chromosome in an individual, which can be used as genetic markers.The availability of theM.lepraegenome sequence and improved methodologies for molecular level diagnosis of the genetic basis of drug resistance in mycobacteria led to the development of molecular methods for drug‐susceptibility testing (DST).
NPM, ‘DIE HARD’ LEGACY? NPM REFORM AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN KOREA
Authors: Hong Joon‐Hyung 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYRegardless of whether neoliberalism has declined or whether it is still appropriate to say ‘neoliberal’, it is highly probable that New Public Management (NPM) reform will continue and survive challenges in Korea. By analyzing the relationship between the NPM‐based government reforms and role of administrative law during the last decades in Korea, the article tries to explain notable persistence of those legacies of the NPM reforms. Financial emergencies, such as the 1997 foreign currency crisis in Korea and economic downturn in recent years, could repeat themselves at any time. Government reform will then continue to be a surviving toolkit to cope with such crises. Another factor is citizens' desire and expectation, which is taxpayers' demand. With this undiminished, ever‐increasing demand for better quality of public service, there could be no way out but to reform government by downsizing and restructuring itself in the name of efficiency and accountability. NPM‐based government reform has risks and uncertainty problems, however, as long as success cannot be guaranteed by public trust in government. The article concludes by confirming the value of constitutionalism and the Rule of Law that constitute indispensable and soundest means to build trust, which is a critical success factor in government reforms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing dissolved oxygen control using an on-line hybrid fuzzy-neural soft-sensing model-based control system in an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process
Authors: Huang Mingzhi , Wan Jinquan , Hu Kang , Ma Yongwen , Wang Yan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
An on-line hybrid fuzzy-neural soft-sensing model-based control system was developed to optimize dissolved oxygen concentration in a bench-scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2/O) process. In order to improve the performance of the control system, a self-adapted fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models were employed. The proposed control system permits the on-line implementation of every operating strategy of the experimental system. A set of experiments involving variable hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent pH (pH), dissolved oxygen in the aerobic reactor (DO), and mixed-liquid return ratio (r) was carried out. Using the proposed system, the amount of COD in the effluent stabilized at the set-point and below. The improvement was achieved with optimum dissolved oxygen concentration because the performance of the treatment process was optimized using operating rules implemented in real time. The system allows various expert operational approaches to be deployed with the goal of minimizing organic substances in the outlet while using the minimum amount of energy.
Efficient kinematics for jet-propelled swimming
Authors: Alben S. , Miller L. A. , Peng J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe use computer simulations and an analytical model to study the relationship between kinematics and performance in jet-propelled jellyfish swimming. We prescribe different power-law kinematics for the bell contraction and expansion, and identify kinematics that yield high swimming speeds and/or high efficiency. In the simulations, high efficiency is found when the bell radius is a nearly linear function of time, and in a second case corresponding to ‘burst-and-coast’ kinematics. The analytical model studies the contraction phase only, and finds that the efficiency-optimizing bell radius as a function of time transitions from nearly linear (similar to the numerics) for small-to-moderate output power to exponentially decaying for large output power.
Temporal stability of eccentric Taylor–Couette–Poiseuille flow
Authors: Leclercq Colin , Pier Benoît , Scott Julian F. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe combined effects of axial flow and eccentricity on the temporal stability properties of the Taylor–Couette system are investigated using a pseudospectral method. Eccentricity is found to stabilize the Couette flow regardless of axial advection intensity. As the axial Reynolds number ${\mathit{Re}}_{z} $ is increased for any fixed eccentricity $e\leq 0. 7$, the critical mode switches from deformed toroidal Taylor vortices to helical structures with an increasing number of waves, and with helicity opposed to the inner-cylinder rotation. For a wide-gap configuration of radius ratio $\eta = 0. 5$, increasing axial advection has a stabilizing effect for low ${\mathit{Re}}_{z} $, then a weak destabilizing effect for high enough ${\mathit{Re}}_{z} $. Centrifugal effects are always destabilizing, but axial shear is responsible for the dominance of helical modes of increasing azimuthal complexity. The modes localize in the converging gap region, and the energy concentrates increasingly into axial motion for larger ${\mathit{Re}}_{z} $. Critical quantities are also computed for a small-gap case, and similar trends are observed, even though no destabilizing effect of advection is observed within the range of ${\mathit{Re}}_{z} $ considered. Comparison with the experiment of Coney & Mobbs (Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs, vol. 184 Pt 3L, 1969–70, pp. 10–17) for $\eta = 0. 89$ shows good agreement, despite small discrepancies attributed to finite length effects.
Generalized Fourier Integral Operator Methods for Hyperbolic Equations with Singularities
Authors: Garetto Claudia , Oberguggenberger Michael 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper addresses linear hyperbolic partial differential equations and pseudodifferential equations with strongly singular coefficients and data, modelled as members of algebras of generalized functions. We employ the recently developed theory of generalized Fourier integral operators to construct parametrices for the solutions and to describe propagation of singularities in this setting. As required tools, the construction of generalized solutions to eikonal and transport equations is given and results on the microlocal regularity of the kernels of generalized Fourier integral operators are obtained.
Scanning electron microscopy of the cypris larvae ofCapitulum mitella(Cirripedia: Thoracica: Scalpellomorpha)
Authors: Rao Xiaozhen , Lin Gang 
Published: September 2013

Adult specimens ofCapitulum mitellawere collected in August 2011 in the intertidal zone of Dinghai, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (26°16′N 119°48′E). The morphology of the cypris larva reared under our conditions was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Special emphasis was given to the carapace, lattice organs, antennules, thoracopods and furcal rami. The whole carapace surface is sculptured by slender ridges demarcating rectangular or irregular polygonal areas with very fine pores. The cyprid possesses five pairs of lattice organs, arranged as two anterior and three posterior pairs. The second segment carries a preaxial seta 2 and a postaxial seta 2. The third segment carries a postaxial seta 3 outside the attachment disc, whereas a postaxial disc seta, an axial disc seta and two radial disc setae are located inside the attachment disc. The attachment disc is somewhat bell shaped. A series of slender cuticular flaps forms a distinct ‘velum’ around the base of the disc. The fourth segment carries four subterminal setae and five terminal setae. The cyprid bears six pairs of biramous natatory thoracopods consisting of a protopod (coxa + basis), a two-segmented exopod and a two-segmented endopod. The cyprid possesses a rudimentary abdomen and an almost completely cleaved telson with a pair of one-segmented furcal rami. The morphology and setation of the antennules ofC. mitellaresemble those ofBalanus amphitrite(=Amphibalanus amphitrite) andMegabalanus rosa, but differ in some morphological details.