bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Assessment of Bone Density and Structure in Childhood Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia without Cranial Radiation
Authors: Mostoufi-Moab Sogol , Brodsky Jill , Isaacoff Elizabeth J. , Tsampalieros Anne , Ginsberg Jill P. , Zemel Babette , Shults Justine , Leonard Mary B. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Purpose:
Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk for impaired bone accrual. This peripheral quantitative computed tomography study assessed changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and structure after completion of ALL treatment.

Methods:
Fifty ALL participants, ages 5–22 yr, were enrolled within 2 yr (median 0.8 yr) after completing ALL therapy. Tibia peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans were performed at enrollment and 12 months later. Age-, sex-, and race-specific Z-scores for trabecular BMD (TrabBMD), cortical BMD (CortBMD), and cortical area (CortArea) were generated based on more than 650 reference participants. Multivariable linear regression models examined determinants of changes in Z-scores.

Results:
At enrollment, mean TrabBMD (−1.03 ± 1.34) and CortBMD (−0.84 ± 1.05) Z-scores were low (both P &lt; 0.001) compared with reference participants. TrabBMD and CortBMD Z-scores increased to −0.58 ± 1.41 and −0.51 ± 0.91 over 1 yr, respectively (both P &lt; 0.001). Changes in cortical outcomes varied according to the interval since completion of therapy. Among those enrolled less than 6 months after therapy, CortArea Z-scores increased and CortBMD Z-scores decreased (both P &lt; 0.01). Among those enrolled 6 months or more after therapy, CortArea Z-scores did not change and CortBMD Z-scores increased (P &lt; 0.01). Changes in CortArea and CortBMD Z-scores were inversely associated (r = −0.32, P &lt; 0.001). Cumulative glucocorticoid exposure, leukemia risk status, and antimetabolite chemotherapy were not associated with outcomes.

Conclusion:
TrabBMD was low after completion of ALL therapy and improved significantly. Early increases in cortical dimensions were associated with declines in CortBMD; however, participants further from ALL therapy demonstrated stable cortical dimensions and increases in CortBMD, potentially reflecting the time necessary to mineralize newly formed bone.
Glucocorticoid Replacement and Mortality in Patients with Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Zueger Thomas , Kirchner Paul , Herren Coline , Fischli Stefan , Zwahlen Marcel , Christ Emanuel , Stettler Christoph 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Context:
Current treatment guidelines generally suggest using lower and weight-adjusted glucocorticoid replacement doses in patients with insufficiency of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Although data in patients with acromegaly revealed a positive association between glucocorticoid dose and mortality, no comparable results exist in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA).

Objective:
Our objective was to assess whether higher glucocorticoid replacement doses are associated with increased mortality in patients with NFPA and HPA axis insufficiency.

Design, Participants, and Intervention:
We included 105 patients receiving glucocorticoid replacement after pituitary surgery due to NFPA and concomitant HPA axis insufficiency. Patients were grouped according weight-adapted and absolute hydrocortisone (HC) replacement doses. Mortality was assessed using Kaplan-Meier methodology as well as multivariable Cox regression models.

Setting:
This was a retrospective analysis conducted at a tertiary referral center.

Main Outcome:
We evaluated overall mortality based on HC replacement doses.

Results:
Average age at inclusion was 58.9 ± 14.8 yr, and mean follow-up was 12.7 ± 9.4 yr. The groups did not differ according to age, follow-up time, pattern of hypopituitarism, and comorbidities. Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities differed significantly when comparing individuals with differing weight-adjusted HC dose (P = 0.001) as well as absolute HC dose (5–19, 20–29, and ≥30 mg, P = 0.009). Hazard ratios for mortality increased from 1 (0.05–0.24 mg/kg) to 2.62 (0.25–0.34 mg/kg) to 4.56 (≥0.35 mg/kg, P for trend = 0.006) and from 1 (5–19 mg) to 2.03 (20–29 mg) to 4 (≥30 mg, P for trend = 0.029), respectively.

Conclusion:
Higher glucocorticoid replacement doses are associated with increased overall mortality in patients with NFPA and insufficiency of HPA axis. This further substantiates the importance of a balanced and adjusted glucocorticoid replacement therapy in these patients.
REVIEWS
Authors: Mavor James , Pennacchia Maddalena , Raw Laurence 
Published: October 2012

SCRIPTWRITING FOR THE SCREEN, CHARLIE MORITZ (2008) Oxon: Routledge, 220 pp., ISBN 13: 978-0-415-46517-5, p/bk, £18.99
THE ENCHANTED SCREEN. THE UNKNOWN HISTORY OF FAIRY-TALE FILMS, JACK ZIPES (2011) New York: Routledge, 435 pp., ISBN978-0-415-99061-5, p/bk, $49.95
THE
ADAPTAION INDUSTRY: THE CULTURAL ECONOMY OF CONTEMPORARY LITERARY ADAPTATION, SIMONE MURRAY (2012) New York and London: Routledge, 253 pp., ISBN 978-0-415-99903-8, £80.00
Chronic Chagas disease: from basics to laboratory medicine
Authors: Haberland Annekathrin , Munoz Saravia Silvia Gilka , Wallukat Gerd , Ziebig Reinhard , Schimke Ingolf 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChagas disease, caused byTrypanosoma cruziinfection, is ranked as the most serious parasitic disease in Latin America and has huge potential to become a worldwide problem, due to increasing migration, and international tourism, as well as infectant transfer by blood contact and transfusion, intrauterine transfer, and organ transplantation. Nearly 30% of chronically-infected patients become symptomatic, often with a latency of 10–30 years, developing life-threatening complications. Of those, nearly 90% develop Chagas heart disease, while the others manifest gastrointestinal disease and neuronal disorders. Besides interrupting the infection cycle and chemotherapeutic infectant elimination, starting therapy early in symptomatic patients is important for counteracting the disease. This would be essentially supported by optimized patient management, involving risk assessment, early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease and its treatment. From economic and logistic viewpoints, the tools of laboratory medicine should be especially able to guarantee this. After summarizing the basics of chronic Chagas disease, such as the epidemiological data, the pathogenetic mechanisms thought to drive symptomatic Chagas disease and also treatment options, we present tools of laboratory medicine that address patient diagnosis, risk assessment for becoming symptomatic and guidance, focusing on autoantibody estimation for risk assessment and heart marker measurement for patient guidance. In addition, increases in levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers in chronic Chagas disease are discussed.
Hydrolytic enzyme activity of EN113 standard basidiomycetes in the fermentation of lignocellulosic material and wood colonization
Authors: Elisashvili Vladimir , Irbe Ilze , Andersone Ingeborga , Andersons Bruno , Tsiklauri Nino 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe white-rot fungusTrametes versicolorand brown-rot fungiConiophora puteana,Gloeophyllum trabeum, andPostiaplacentahave a potential to produce a range of hydrolytic enzymes participating in the degradation of lignocellulosic materials. In the colonization of untreated and thermally modified wood blocks wheat bran-containing medium (WBA) greatly favored the secretion of xylanase byC. puteanaand both endoglucanase and xylanase expression byT. versicolor, although rather higher carboxymethyl cellulase activity ofC. puteanawas observed on the malt extract-based medium (malt extract-containing agar (MEA).Coniophora puteanaandT. versicolorare able to actively colonize and degrade the untreated pine and birch wood blocks. The mycelium applied on blocks in the form of pellets was more aggressive in wood degradation in comparison with the colonized mycelium. WBA favored the dry matter loss during the initial stages (10–20 days) of pine wood colonization; however, MEA further promoted more rapid wood degradation. The main finding was that the thermal treatment of birch wood was accompanied by a low degree of fungal colonization and increased durability against the fungal attack in spite of the high cellulase and xylanase activities. Thermal modification of wood was not toxic to the fungi because it did not disturb the secretion of the hydrolytic enzymes involved in wood degradation. The thermally modified hollocellulose is probably less susceptible to the enzymes involved in the degradation of polysaccharides or less accessible to hydrolytic enzymes due to the change of the cell wall structure.
Comparative evaluation of different kinetic models for batch cooking: A review
Authors: Nieminen Kaarlo , Sixta Herbert 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to review some of the existing models for delignification in kraft cooking. Data and results from earlier studies were utilized to evaluate the performance of the models of Gustafson (MG), Purdue (MP), Andersson (MA) and Bogren’s method “continuous distribution of reactivity” (MBcdr) in terms of their ability to give a realistic description for delignification of softwood and hardwood. The MG, MP and MBcdr were tested on lignin data obtained from cooks of Eucalyptus globulus. In this case, MP seemed to perform best, whereas the MBcdr failed in the range of low residual lignins. MA considers the lignin subunits with various reaction speeds, and this feature improves the performance in the case of low residual lignins and helps to reflect sudden changes in cooking conditions, but the difference to the ordinary MP is moderate.
Determination of metal ions in single wood fiber by LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Su Pingping , Ek Paul , Ivaska Ari 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to determine the distribution of metal elements in single wood fiber of kraft pulp. Calibration procedures for quantitative analysis of metals in single fibers (SFs) by LA-ICP-MS technique were also developed. Calibration curves were constructed by using matrix-matched standards prepared from (a) cellulose powder washed with 0.05 M EDTA, (b) unbleached softwood pulp washed with 0.05 M EDTA and nitric acid. Calibration materials were prepared by doping the washed cellulose powder and the washed unbleached softwood pulp with standard solutions with increasing concentrations of the elements of interest (Co, Mg, Cu, Na, K, Mn, Zn, Ni, Ca, and Fe). Quantitative determination of the metals in single wood fiber was based on the calibration curves resulting from both the doped cellulose pellets and the doped SFs. The determination of the absolute concentration of elements in a single wood fiber by LA-ICP-MS is still difficult, but in this study, it was demonstrated that the information about the metal distribution can be obtained easily, and their semiquantitative determination is possible.
Optical properties of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) obtained from sulfite-pretreated Norway spruce with focus on two-photon spectral imaging (TPSI)
Authors: Hafrén Jonas , Nelsson Erik , Gerritsen Hans C. , Bader Arjen N. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Chips of Norway spruce have been impregnated with Na2SO3 and refined at two specific energy consumptions levels at full mill scale. The optical properties of thermomechanical pulps (TMPs) obtained were analyzed in terms of brightness, light scattering, opacity, and autofluorescence by spectral imaging. Even at low sulfite dosage (0.24% sulfite by dry weight) light absorption was reduced, and the brightness was elevated, and a clear dose-response effect was observed. Two-photon spectral imaging (TPSI) showed that sulfonation, impregnation, and refining affect the fluorescence properties differently. Compared to native wood, both processed wood chips and pulp fibers revealed blue-shifted fluorescence maxima, a characteristic of shortened conjugated systems. Two subpopulations of fibers with different optical properties were observed, and the fluorescence of one fiber population was red shifted.
Anomalous extraction behavior of americium(III) in some diglycolamide isomers present in ionic liquid medium
Authors: Prathibha T. , Venkatesan K. A. , Robert Selvan B. , Antony M. P. , Vasudeva Rao P. R. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The alkyl derivatives of diglycolamide (DGA) such as N,N,N´,N´-tetraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA), N,N,N´,N´-tetraethylhexyldiglycolamide (TEHDGA) and N,N-diethylhexyl- N´,N´-dioctyldiglycolamide (DEHDODGA) are chain isomers differing only in the arrangement of carbon chain of the alkyl group. The extraction behavior of Am(III) in the solution of these diglycolamides in ionic liquid medium was studied as a function of concentration of nitric acid and diglycolamide. The results were compared with those obtained in a molecular diluent, n-dodecane. The extraction of Am(III) in ionic liquid medium increased in the order TEHDGA<TODGA< DEHDODGA, which was different from the customary trend of TEHDGA<DEHDODGA< TODGA obtained in n-DD. The anomaly observed in ionic liquid medium was probed by IR spectroscopy and measurement of stoichiometry. The stoichiometry of Am : DGA in each case was different and that exhibited a strong influence on the observed extraction trend. The unprotonated fraction of DGA, assessed from FTIR measurements, increased in the order TEHDGA<TODGA<DEHDODGA, which seems to be responsible for the observed anomalous extraction trend in DEHDODGA in ionic liquid medium.
Biomimetic synthesis of calcium carbonate bilayers interfaced by a diblock copolymer template
Authors: Goos Jeroen A. C. M. , Vo Cong D. , Dey Archan , van den Hoogen Chris J. , Lousberg Niek J. H. G. M. , Hendrix Marco M. R. M. , Tirelli Nicola , de With Gijsbertus , Sommerdijk Nico , Sommerdijk Nico 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The synthesis of a new class of hybrid materials with two differently oriented layers of calcite at adjacent sides of an organic template is demonstrated. A Langmuir monolayer of the amphiphilic block copolymer poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(hydroxypropyl acrylate) directs the formation of a first CaCO3 phase through interaction with the hydrophilic poly(hydroxypropyl acrylate) blocks. After partial hydrolysis of the hydrophobic poly(butyl acrylate) segments a second CaCO3 phase is formed on the monolayer associated to the first mineral phase. Thus, bilayered CaCO3-based hybrid materials are obtained with two differently oriented calcite phases at opposite sides of the polymer film. By using DNA as an additive the crystal orientation in the second layer can be modified.
The Under Potential Deposition of Cu on Au (111) in Nonaqueous Acetonitrile
Authors: Pekmez Kadir , Avci E. , Baumgärtel Helmut Gustav , Donner Constanze 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe underpotential deposition (UPD) of Copper on Au(111) in nonaqueous acetonitrile/perchlorate electrolyte has been investigated. The deposition mechanism is thereby strongly influenced by coadsorbed acetonitrile molecules and the stability of the solvation shell around the Cu(I) ions. The UPD mechanism obeys a two step mechanism even in presence of only none specifically adsorbing perchlorate ions. Thereby the first sub monolayer of copper is stabilized by coadsorbed acetonitrile molecules. However already 5% vol water content changes the structure within the double layer and consequently degrades the copper sub monolayer. At about 20% vol water content the Cu(I) ion/solvent complex is still stable. The reduction of Cu(I) ions from this complex is much faster compared to the reduction from the respective Cu(II) water complex.
Work Reintegration for Veterans With Mental Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review to Inform Research
Authors: Van Til Linda , Fikretoglu Deniz , Pranger Tina , Patten Scott , Wang JianLi , Wong May , Zamorski Mark , Loisel Patrick , Corbiére Marc , Shields Norman , Thompson Jim , Pedlar David 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSome veterans, and especially those with mental disorders, have difficulty reintegrating into the civilian workforce.PurposeThe objectives of this study were to describe the scope of the existing literature on mental disorders and unemployment and to identify factors potentially associated with reintegration of workers with mental disorders into the workforce.Data SourcesThe following databases were searched from their respective inception dates: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index Nursing Allied Health (CINAHL), and PsycINFO.Study SelectionIn-scope studies had quantitative measures of employment and study populations with well-described mental disorders (eg, anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, substance-use disorders).Data ExtractionA systematic and comprehensive search of the relevant published literature up to July 2009 was conducted that identified a total of 5,195 articles. From that list, 81 in-scope studies were identified. An update to July 2012 identified 1,267 new articles, resulting in an additional 16 in-scope articles.Data SynthesisThree major categories emerged from the in-scope articles: return to work, supported employment, and reintegration. The literature on return to work and supported employment is well summarized by existing reviews. The reintegration literature included 32 in-scope articles; only 10 of these were conducted in populations of veterans.LimitationsStudies of reintegration to work were not similar enough to synthesize, and it was inappropriate to pool results for this category of literature.ConclusionsComprehensive literature review found limited knowledge about how to integrate people with mental disorders into a new workplace after a prolonged absence (&gt;1 year). Even more limited knowledge was found for veterans. The results informed the next steps for our research team to enhance successful reintegration of veterans with mental disorders into the civilian workplace.
Degenerate Recognition of MHC Class I Molecules with Bw4 and Bw6 Motifs by a Killer Cell Ig-like Receptor 3DL Expressed by Macaque NK Cells
Authors: Maloveste Sebastien M. , Chen Dan , Gostick Emma , Vivian Julian P. , Plishka Ronald J. , Iyengar Ranjini , Kruthers Robin L. , Buckler-White Alicia , Brooks Andrew G. , Rossjohn Jamie , Price David A. , Lafont Bernard A. P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) expressed on the surface of NK cells recognize specific MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules and regulate NK cell activities against pathogen-infected cells and neoplasia. In HIV infection, survival is linked to host KIR and MHC-I genotypes. In the SIV macaque model, however, the role of NK cells is unclear due to the lack of information on KIR–MHC interactions. In this study, we describe, to our knowledge, the first in-depth characterization of KIR–MHC interactions in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina). Initially, we identified three distinct subsets of macaque NK cells that stained ex vivo with macaque MHC-I tetramers loaded with SIV peptides. We then cloned cDNAs corresponding to 15 distinct KIR3D alleles. One of these, KIR049-4, was an inhibitory KIR3DL that bound MHC-I tetramers and prevented activation, degranulation, and cytokine production by macaque NK cells after engagement with specific MHC-I molecules on the surface of target cells. Furthermore, KIR049-4 recognized a broad range of MHC-I molecules carrying not only the Bw4 motif, but also Bw6 and non-Bw4/Bw6 motifs. This degenerate, yet peptide-dependent, MHC reactivity differs markedly from the fine specificity of human KIRs.
Assessing the Performance of Medical Personnel Involved in the Diagnostic Imaging Processes in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Kawooya Michael G. , Pariyo George , Malwadde Elsie Kiguli , Byanyima Rosemary , Kisembo Harrient 
Published: October 2012

Objectives:Uganda, has limited health resources and improving performance of personnel involved in imaging is necessary for efficiency. The objectives of the study were to develop and pilot imaging user performance indices, document non-tangible aspects of performance, and propose ways of improving performance.Materials and Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey employing triangulation methodology, conducted in Mulago National Referral Hospital over a period of 3 years from 2005 to 2008. The qualitative study used in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and self-administered questionnaires, to explore clinicians’ and radiologists’ performancerelated views.Results:The study came up with following indices: appropriate service utilization (ASU), appropriateness of clinician's nonimaging decisions (ANID), and clinical utilization of imaging results (CUI). The ASU, ANID, and CUI were: 94%, 80%, and 97%, respectively. The clinician's requisitioning validity was high (positive likelihood ratio of 10.6) contrasting with a poor validity for detecting those patients not needing imaging (negative likelihood ratio of 0.16). Some requisitions were inappropriate and some requisition and reports lacked detail, clarity, and precision.Conclusion:Clinicians perform well at imaging requisition-decisions but there are issues in imaging requisitioning and reporting that need to be addressed to improve performance.
Comparative Study of Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide and Hyaluronidase vs Placental Extract in 60 Cases of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Naik Sarika S , Ravishankara S , Appaji Mohan K , Goutham MK , Devi Nonthombam Pinky , Mushannavar Annapurna S 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundOral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a common premalignant condition caused by chewing arecanut, betel quid and gutkha with tobacco. Its medical treatment is not yet fully standardized, although the optimal doses of its medical treatment is in the form of triamcinolone acetonide combined with hyaluronidase or intralesional placental extract.ObjectivesWe compared the efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide combined with hyaluronidase in group Avsplacental extract in group B.DesignComparative case series analysis series study with random allocation of 60 patients equally into two groups.Materials and methodsPatients of OSMF (60) were randomly allocated into two groups A and B. Group A (n = 30) patients received combination of triamcinolone acetonide (10 mg/ml) + hyaluronidase (1,500 IU) at weekly intervals for 8 weeks. Group B (n = 30) patients received 2 ml of placentrex injection intralesionally at weekly interval for 8 weeks. Treatment outcome was evaluated on the basis of improvement in trismus, oral mucosal pattern and reduction in burning sensation.ResultsTrismus improvements in group A with combination of triamcinolone acetonide + hyaluronidase were significantly better to that in group B where placentrex was used. No significant difference in results in the two groups were observed as far as improvement in oral mucosal pattern and burning sensation were compared in the two groups.ConclusionCombination of triamcinolone acetonide and hyaluronidase intralesionally is more effective than placental extract intralesionally in treatment of OSMF. But placental extract injections are cost-effective. No side effects were seen in both study groups.How to cite this articleNaik SM, Appaji MK, Ravishankara S, Goutham MK, Devi NP, Mushannavar AS, Naik SS. Comparative Study of Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide and HyaluronidasevsPlacental Extract in 60 Cases of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):59-65.