bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV‐1) survey reveals low occurrence and diversity of subtypes in NE Spain
Authors: Castaño C. , Bassie L. , Oliach D. , Gómez M. , Medina V. , Liu B. , Colinas C. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryCryphonectria parasitica (Murrill.) Barr is a necrotrophic fungus that affects European chestnut populations. In Catalonia (NE Spain), this fungus is widely spread affecting chestnut stands. In addition to vegetative compatibility (VC) types of the fungus, knowledge of the Cryphonectria hypovirus (CHV) occurrence is important to implement a biocontrol programme. We confirmed the presence of hypoviruses in several chestnut subpopulations of Catalonia, and we determined the VC types of CHV‐infected isolates. We also studied the nucleotide sequences of these hypoviruses from a variable region located in the hypovirus ORF‐A. Our results show a low occurrence of hypoviruses throughout C. parasitica populations in Catalonia, except for a few localized stands. From 312 sampled cankers, we obtained 179 white, pale orange or rickety isolates. In 35 of them, we detected CHV‐1. Infected isolates belonged to 5 of the 7 sampled subpopulations. We found 12 CHV‐1 haplotypes, based on the nucleotide sequence analysis. Most of the hypoviruses have the same nucleotide sequence or show high homology at nucleotide level with isolates previously included in CHV‐1 subtype‐I. However, we found that 3 haplotypes share at least 97% of their ORF‐A nucleotide sequence with CHV‐1 subtype‐E. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these 3 isolates in a different cluster than the other hypoviruses. These results suggest that multiple introductions of CHV‐1 have occurred recently in Catalonia. Dominant VC types of hypovirus‐infected isolates are EU‐1, EU‐2 and EU‐5, which are similar to those previously reported in this region.
Inverse modelling of cosmic‐ray soil moisture for field‐scale soil hydraulic parameters
Authors: Rivera Villarreyes C. A. , Baroni G. , Oswald S. E. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryWe used inverse modelling techniques and soil moisture measured by the cosmic‐ray neutron sensing (CRS) to estimate root‐zone soil hydraulic properties at the field scale. A HYDRUS‐1D model was developed for inverse modelling and calibrated with parameter estimation software (PEST) using a global optimizer. Integral CRS measurements recorded from a sunflower farm in Germany comprised the model input. Data were transformed to soil water storage to enable direct model calibration with a HYDRUS soil‐water balance. Effective properties at the CRS scale were compared against local measurements and other inversely estimated soil properties from independent soil moisture profiles. Moreover, CRS‐scale soil properties were tested on the basis of how field soil moisture (vertical distribution) and soil water storage were reproduced. This framework provided good estimates of effective soil properties at the CRS scale. Simulated soil moisture at different depths at the CRS scale agreed with field observations. Moreover, simulated soil water storage at the CRS scale compared well with calculations from point‐scale profiles, despite their different support volumes. The CRS‐scale soil properties estimated with the inverse model were within the range of variation of properties identified from all inverse simulations at the local scale. This study demonstrates the potential of CRS for inverse estimation of soil hydraulic properties.
The variable phenotypes of KCNQ‐related epilepsy
Authors: Allen Nicholas M. , Mannion Maria , Conroy Judith , Lynch Sally A. , Shahwan Amre , Lynch Bryan , King Mary D. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryMutations in KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 were originally described in infants with benign familial neonatal seizures (BFNS). Recently, KCNQ2 mutations have also been shown to cause epileptic encephalopathy. This report describes three infants carrying abnormalities of KCNQ2 and one infant with a KCNQ3 mutation. The different KCNQ2 abnormalities led to different phenotypes and included a novel intragenic duplication, c.419_430dup, in an infant with BFNS, a 0.761Mb 20q13.3 contiguous gene deletion in an infant with seizures at 3 months, and a recurrent de novo missense mutation c.881C>T in a neonate with “KCNQ2‐encephalopathy.” The mutation in KCNQ3, c.989G>A, was novel and occurred in an infant with BFNS. KCNQ‐related seizures often present with tonic/clonic manifestations, cyanosis, or apnea. Certain genotype–phenotype correlations help predict outcome. Similarly affected family members suggests benign familial “KCNQ‐related” epilepsy, whereas neonatal seizures with unexplained multifocal epileptiform discharges or burst suppression on electroencephalography, and acute abnormalities of the basal ganglia/thalami are suggestive of KCNQ2‐encephalopathy, which is often sporadic. 20q13.33 contiguous gene deletion encompassing KCNQ2 may harbor atypical features depending on deletion size. Although the phenotype often guides direct targeted gene testing in these conditions, array CGH should also be considered in suspected sporadic or atypical familial cases to diagnose 20q13.33 deletion.
Sequence‐based characterization of five SLA loci in Asian wild boars
Authors: Jung W. Y. , Choi N. R. , Seo D. W. , Lim H. T. , Ho C. S. , Lee J. H. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryTwo swine leucocyte antigen (SLA) class I (SLA‐1 and SLA‐2) and three class II (DRB1, DQB1 and DQA) genes were investigated for their diversity in Asian wild boars using a sequence‐based typing method. A total of 15 alleles were detected at these loci, with eleven being novel. The findings provide one of the first glimpses of the SLA allelic diversity and architecture in the wild boar populations.
Medication adherence in adolescents in current practice: community pharmacy staff’s opinions
Authors: Koster Ellen S , Philbert Daphne , Winters Nina A , Bouvy Marcel L 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Objective
To explore pharmacy staff’s perspectives regarding medication use behaviour in adolescent patients.

Methods
Structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 170 community pharmacy staff members.

Key findings
Medication-related problems in adolescents had been experienced by 80 respondents; non-adherence was frequently mentioned (n = 73). An important reason for medication-related problems in adolescents not being recognised was that prescriptions are often collected by the parents (with or without the teenager). Solutions suggested by the interviewees to improve adolescents’ medication use behaviour included (improving) counselling with emphasis on necessity/benefits of medication (n = 130) and more direct contact with adolescents instead of parent(s) (n = 77). Use of digital media for educational purposes or reminder services was suggested to support medication use (n = 67).

Conclusions
Almost half of pharmacy staff experienced problems related to medication use in adolescents. Pharmacy staff see a primary role for counselling on the benefits of therapy but foresee difficulties in obtaining direct contact with adolescents. Use of new media could be useful.
Soluble MHC‐II proteins promote suppressive activity in CD4+ T cells
Authors: Bakela Katerina , Kountourakis Nikos , Aivaliotis Michalis , Athanassakis Irene 
Published: July 2014

SummarySoluble MHCII (sMHCII) molecules are present in body fluids of healthy individuals and are considered to be involved in the maintenance of self tolerance, and are also related to various diseases. Their concentration increases during in vivo antigen‐specific tolerogenic stimulation and it was recently shown that exosome‐mediated tolerance is MHCII dependent. At the cellular level, sMHCII proteins compete with membrane MHCII for T‐cell receptor binding on CD4+ T cells. Immunoaffinity purification techniques isolated sMHCII antigens from the serum of human serum albumin (HSA) ‐tolerant mice as a single highly glycosylated protein of ~ 60 000 molecular weight, specifically interacting with anti‐class II antibodies in Western blotting and ELISA. Mass spectroscopy showed that these sMHCII proteins were loaded with the tolerogenic peptide as well as multiple self peptides. At the cellular level, sMHCII suppressed antigen‐specific, and to a lesser degree antigen‐non‐specific, spleen cell proliferation and induced CD25 in naive T cells. In T cells activated by antigen‐seeded macrophages, sMHCII decreased CD28 and increased CTLA‐4 protein expression, while decreasing interleukin‐2 and increasing interleukin‐10 production. In this case, sMHCII proteins were shown to decrease ZAP‐70 and LAT phosphorylation. The results presented here for the first time provide evidence for the role of sMHCII proteins in immune response suppression and maintenance of tolerance, revealing novel regulatory mechanisms for immune system manipulation.
Oral health‐related quality of life of schoolchildren: impact of clinical and psychosocial variables
Authors: Schuch Helena Silveira , dos Santos Costa Francine , Torriani Dione Dias , Demarco Flávio Fernando , Goettems Marília Leão 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundBesides the clinical aspects, the patient's perspective of oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) may be influenced by a series of individual characteristics.AimThe aim was to investigate the impact of clinical and psychosocial variables on the OHRQoL of Brazilian schoolchildren.DesignA school‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted with children of 8–10 year old attending public (15) and private (5) schools (n = 749). Questionnaires were applied to parents to obtain socioeconomic characteristics, and children were interviewed. Assessment of OHRQoL was performed using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 8–10 (CPQ). Oral health examinations included periodontal condition, dental caries, dental trauma, and malocclusion assessment. Unadjusted analyses were undertaken using t‐tests and one‐way analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the effects of independent variables on CPQ scores.ResultsFactors associated with higher CPQ scores in the linear regression analysis after adjustments were family income, presence of decayed teeth, self‐reported dental trauma, dental fear, and dental pain.ConclusionOral health‐related quality of life was influenced by psychosocial and clinical variables.
The perceived probability of job loss and future labour market outcomes
Authors: McGuinness Seamus , Wooden Mark , Hahn Markus 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLongitudinal survey data are used to test the degree to which worker expectations of future job loss are correlated with changes in labour market status. Three major findings are reported. First, perceived probabilities of expected job loss are only weakly related to both exogenous job separations and subsequent transitions to unemployment and inactivity. Second, while fears of job loss tend to persist across time and job spells, they do so at a highly diminishing rate. Third, quit intentions are strongly correlated with both voluntary separations and transitions to alternative employment, and do not diminish greatly across successive employment spells.
The dark side of solidarity: social norms and social relations in the aftermath of strikes
Authors: Thommes Kirsten , Akkerman Agnes , Torenvlied René , Born Marieke 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper studies how employees anticipate change in social relations after a strike in their organisation. We hypothesise that two group norms affect employees' fear that a strike deteriorates the social relations with their colleagues. We distinguish between two different norms associated with a collective action problem such as a strike. A ‘solidarity norm’ prescribes that workers should participate in collective protest when called for. A ‘free rider punishment norm’ describes whether and how violators of the solidarity norm should be treated. While the former itself theoretically does not impact intra‐group social relations, the latter one does. We test our hypotheses on a data set of 468Dutch union members. Adherence to the free rider punishment norm significantly increases a fear for deterioration of social relations with colleagues after a strike, while adherence to the solidarity norm does not. We also find a moderating effect of expected proportion of strikers. The results are discussed with reference to industrial relations theory and mobilisation theory, further probing into mechanisms that relate social norms to the (anticipated) costs of participation and the quality of social relations after a strike.
Psychiatric Morbidity in Psoriasis and Vitiligo: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sharma Neelu , Koranne Ravindra V. , Singh Rajiv K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe psychiatric morbidity in psoriasis patients was compared with that in vitiligo patients using the standardised Hindi (vernacular language) version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐H). Thirty new and untreated patients each with psoriasis or vitiligo and between the ages of 18–60 yrs, constituted the study group. The prevalences of psychiatric morbidity as assessed by the GHQ‐H were found to be 53.3% and 16.22% in the psoriasis and vitiligo patients respectively; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.0028). The prevalences of depression were 23.3% and 10% in psoriasis and vitiligo respectively and anxiety was observed in 3.3% of each group. Sleep disturbance was the most common complaint and was present in 56.6% of psoriasis patients and 20% of the vitiligo patients. However, the parameter of sleep disturbance showed a statistically significant difference between the two dermatoses (p=0.0034).
Lupus Erythematosus Profundus with Unusual Skin Manifestation: Subcutaneous Nodules Coexisting with Eyelid Plaques
Authors: Inuzuka Manabu , Tomita Kouichi , Tokura Yoshiki , Takigawa Masahiro 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA 71‐year‐old Japanese woman presented with erythematous plaques on the eyelids and subcutaneous indurations or nodules with or without overlying erythema on the hands, thigh, and leg. She also had oral ulcers, arthralgia and a low grade fever. Laboratory tests revealed an elevated titer of antinuclear antibody, an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and anemia. Skin biopsy specimens from the hand and thigh showed lymphocytic perivascular and periappendageal infiltrates and vacuolar alterations at the basement membrane zone of the skin appendages. Moreover, there was a dense lymphocytic infiltrate deep in the dermis with extension into the subcutaneous fat, which was compatible with the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus profundus. Although the biopsy specimen from the eyelid lesion did not contain the subcutaneous fat, the changes in the dermis were essentially the same as those of the hand and thigh. The eruption as well as the other symptoms promptly responded to oral prednisolone.
Tuberculosis of the Vulva Masquerading as a Sexually Transmitted Disease
Authors: Sardana Kabir , Koranne Ravindra V. , Sharma Ravi C. , Mahajan Supriya 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTuberculosis of the vulva is a rare condition usually seen by a gynecologist. We report a case of chronic ulcer on the vulva of four months duration, which, on detailed investigation, turned out to be a case of primary inoculation tuberculosis. The patient was subsequently put on antitubercular therapy with a good the therapeutic response. The rarity of this presentation in dermato‐venereology is emphasized.
Cutaneous Wound Healing: An Update
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuji , Yoshikawa Kunihiko 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOur understanding of wound‐healing mechanisms has progressed over the past decade. Wound healing is traditionally divided into three phases—the inflammatory phase, the proliferation phase, and the remodeling phase— and involves a well‐orchestrated interaction among blood vessels (platelets, macrophages, neutrophils, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells), epidermis (keratinocytes, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells), adnexal structures (outer root sheath cells and hair dermal papilla cells), dermis (fibroblasts and myofibroblasts), nervous system (neurons), and subcutaneous fatty layers (adipocytes). We review recent discoveries of basic and clinical aspects of wound healing including several revolutions that occurred in wound management: occlusive dressing therapy, use of living skin equivalents, and topical administration of growth factors. As we previously proposed, the use of tissue substitutes and autologous epidermal sheets led to a new concept of skin grafting through the keratinocyte activation phase in the graft healing mechanism. In this review, we also discuss a representative patient who presented with plantar wounds caused by calcaneal osteomyelitis and healed by the coverage of epidermal grafting.
Papular Elastorrhexis in Childhood Improved by Intralesional Injections of Triamcinolone
Authors: Lee Seung‐Hyun , Park Sun‐Hoo , Song Kye‐Yong , Yoon Tae‐Jin , Kim Tae‐Heung 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPapular elastorrhexis is a rare disease developing asymptomatic skin‐colored small papules in adolescence with histopathological loss of elastic fibers. There has been no established treatment for this disease. A 4‐year‐old Korean boy had multiple, hard, whitish papules on his chest and back for one year. Histopathologic examination revealed focal loss of elastic fibers in the dermis, and X‐ray examination showed no bony abnormalities. His skin lesions were improved by intralesional injections of triamcinolone but recurred after four months.
A Case of Cutaneous Bronchogenic Cyst Over the Left Scapula
Authors: Yu Hee‐Joon , Kwon Hyeok‐Man , Park Jin‐Woo , Hwang Dong‐Kyu , Ahn Duck‐Kyoon , Park Yong Wook 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBronchogenic cyst is noted shortly after birth or in early childhood and usually presents as a swelling or draining sinus in the presternal area. Its origin and pathogenesis can be explained as a developmental anomaly of the tracheobronchial buds from the primitive foregut. The patient was a 4‐year‐old boy with a child‐fist‐sized soft mass over his left scapula, which had been detected at birth and had been gradually growing. Grossly, it appeared to be a simple cyst with clear mucoid fluid. Histopathological study demonstrated a unilocular cyst composed of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia, interspersed goblet cells, smooth muscles, and mucous glands on the cyst wall, which are features compatible with cutaneous bronchogenic cyst.
Skin, Sun, and Vitamin A: From Aging to Cancer
Authors: Saurat Jean‐Hilaire 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHuman epidermis contains significant amounts of Vitamin A, the enzymes responsible for its metabolism toward either storage or activation, the binding proteins for its protection and specific transport, and the nuclear receptors involved in the vitamin A‐induced gene‐activity modulation. This complex system may be drastically altered upon ultraviolet light exposure because vitamin A absorbs in the UVB range. We have conducted a series of experiments in order to analyse the effects of UV exposure on the epidermal stores of endogenous vitamin A (retinol and retinyl esters), the activity of enzymes and binding proteins, and some biological parameters such as apoptosis transcription factors expression (cJun) and thymine dimers. Current data indicate that the vitamin A system is a direct target of both UVB and UVA and participates in an adaptive response to UV exposure. The physiological role of this adaptive response to acute and chronic sun exposure should be further analysed. Interfering with this UV‐induced vitamin A deficiency is a new concept for the prevention of skin cancer and aging.
The Public Health Approach to the Burden of Common Skin Diseases in the Community
Authors: Marks Robin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe vast majority of work performed by dermatologists in clinical practice is managing common skin conditions including eczema, psoriasis, acne, tinea, warts and in some countries skin cancer and in others skin infections. Governments and other health organisations rely on data to plan medical services. Dermatologists seek the same data to justify their existence. In Australia, we have been studying the frequency of these conditions showing that they are very common, with particular conditions occurring at particular ages. Our data show also that less than 50% of people seek advice from the medical practitioner, with pharmacists being the most common of the other sources of advice. People are frequently misinformed about their conditions and may be using treatment that is of no value. These data suggest the need for both public and professional education programs informing the public where to seek correct advice and teaching those who provide it to ensure that they have the knowledge to do so.
Traveling through Skin Manifestations of HIV in 2001
Authors: Rico M. Joyce 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThere are currently over 34 million people worldwide infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with 15,000 new patients infected each day. The acquired immunodefiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic has particularly affected the third world and currently over 70% of those infected reside in sub‐Saharan Africa. The epicenter of the pandemic is shifting to Asia as HIV infection increases in the densely populated countries of India, China, and SE Asia. Patients with HIV infection develop a variety of mucocutaneous diseases and often present to dermatologists.
Environmental and Occupational Skin Diseases in Taiwan
Authors: Yu Hsin‐Su , Lee Chih‐Hung , Jee Shiou‐Hwa , Ho Chei‐Kong , Guo Yue‐Liong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis presentation focuses on the four most important skin diseases in Taiwan thought to be of environmental and/or occupational origin. The majority of work‐related dermatoses are contact dermatitis patients. Among occupational contact dermatitis patients, 58.5% involved irritant and 41.5%, allergic dermatitis. Electronics, hairdressing, medical practice, and construction were the most important occupations causing contact dermatitis. An endemic occurrence of chronic arsenism causing hyperpigmentation, keratosis, and cancer has been reported in Taiwan. Arsenical skin cancers present as multiple lesions at different disease stages. The skin cancers are usually found in non‐sun‐exposed areas. UVB exerts an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of arsenical cancers; this may explain its non‐sun‐exposed nature. An outbreak of premalignant and malignant skin lesions was reported among paraquat manufacturers in 1985. The skin lesions were mainly distributed over the sun‐exposed areas. Photodamage and photocarcinogenesis revealed a strong association with exposure to bipyridines among paraquat manufacturers. In 1979, a mass poisoning occurred in Taiwan from cooking oil contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Over 60% of patients were in grades O‐II by the Japanese classification. The blood PCB levels of the Taiwanese patients were found to be higher than those of the Yusho subjects.
Recent Advances in Dendritic Cell Vaccines for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Kumamoto Tadashi , Morita Akimichi , Takashima Akira 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDendritic cells (DC) are special subsets of antigen presenting cells characterized by their unique abilities to efficiently take up, process, and present various forms of antigens to immunologically naive T cells. Recent advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating the functions of DC have allowed the investigators to “design” innovative DC‐based vaccine formats for the treatment of cancer patients. In this article, we will review the most advanced DC vaccine strategies, focusing on three major areas: a) new ex vivo protocols for DC loading with tumor‐associated antigens (TAA), b) genetic approaches to load skin‐resident Langerhans cells (LC) with TAA, and c) chemokine‐mediated LC entrapment and in situ loading of LC with TAA at the entrapment sites. We believe that these new classes of DC vaccine strategies will soon become applicable to the treatment of patients with malignant tumors.