bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of prognostic factors and survival rates in malignant feline mammary gland neoplasms
Authors: De Campos Cecilia B , Damasceno Karine A , Gamba Conrado O , Ribeiro Ana M , Machado Carla J , Lavalle Gleidice E , Cassali Geovanni D 
Published: October 2015

Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate prognostic factors in feline mammary gland neoplasms, correlating them with overall survival (OS). Methods Fifty-six primary malignant mammary gland neoplasms and 16 metastatic lymph nodes from 37 female cats were analyzed. Clinical staging, histologic type and grade, and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, progesterone and estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER-2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated. Follow-up was performed in order to correlate prognostic factors with OS. Results Lymph node metastasis was found in 35% of cases. Clinical stage III, tubulopapillary carcinomas and histologic grade II cases prevailed in the study. Most neoplasms were positive for hormonal receptors, negative for HER-2 overexpression and presented VEGF overexpression. Immunoreactivity for Ki-67 ( P = 0.046) and COX-2 ( P = 0.007) was higher in metastases than in primary tumors. COX-2 ( P = 0.089), HER-2 ( P = 0.012) and histologic grade ( P = 0.080) were correlated with OS. Conclusions and relevance The data suggest that inhibition of ovarian hormones and COX-2 may represent a therapeutic option for malignant feline mammary gland neoplasms. When evaluating disease progression, COX-2 scores and Ki-67 index should be analyzed in primary tumors and metastases. Histologic grade, HER-2 status and COX-2 scores were found to have a direct influence on OS. Prognostic factors allow for a better understanding of disease outcome in a condition that is characterized by a poor prognosis. The present work highlights the need for further studies on endocrine therapy and COX-2 inhibitors, which could influence OS.
Evaluation of cranial tibial and extensor carpi radialis reflexes before and after anesthetic block in cats
Authors: Tudury Eduardo Alberto , de Figueiredo Marcella Luiz , Fernandes Thaiza Helena Tavares , Araújo Bruno Martins , Bonelli Marília de Albuquerque , Diogo Camila Cardoso , Silva Amanda Camilo , Santos Cássia Regina Oliveira , Rocha Nadyne Lorrayne Farias Cardoso 
Published: October 2015

Objectives This study aimed to test the extensor carpi radialis and cranial tibial reflexes in cats before and after anesthetic block of the brachial and lumbosacral plexus, respectively, to determine whether they depend on a myotatic reflex arc. Methods Fifty-five cats with a normal neurologic examination that were referred for elective gonadectomy were divided into group 1 (29 cats) for testing the extensor carpi radialis reflex, and group 2 (26 cats) for testing the cranial tibial reflex. In group 1, the extensor carpi radialis reflex was tested after anesthetic induction and 15 mins after brachial plexus block with lidocaine. In group 2, the cranial tibial, withdrawal and patellar reflexes were elicited in 52 hindlimbs and retested 15 mins after epidural anesthesia. Results In group 1, before the anesthetic block, 55.17% of the cats had a decreased and 44.83% had a normal extensor carpi radialis reflex. After the block, 68.96% showed a decreased and 27.59% a normal reflex. No cat had an increased or absent reflex before anesthetic block. In group 2, prior to the anesthetic block, 15.38% of the cats had a decreased cranial tibial reflex and 84.62% had a normal response, whereas after the block it was decreased in 26.92% and normal in 73.08% of the cats. None of the cats had an increased or absent reflex. Regarding the presence of both reflexes before and after anesthetic block, there was no significant difference at 1% ( P = 0.013). Conclusions and relevance The extensor carpi radialis and cranial tibial reflexes in cats are not strictly myotatic reflexes, as they are independent of the reflex arc, and may be idiomuscular responses. Therefore, they are not reliable for neurologic examination in this species.
Smoking is a major preventable risk factor for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hedström AK , Olsson T , Alfredsson L 
Published: October 2015

Background: Both smoking and exposure to passive smoking have repeatedly been associated with increased multiple sclerosis (MS) risk, but have never before been studied together. We assessed the public health impact of these factors. Methods: In a Swedish population-based case-control study (2455 cases, 5336 controls), we calculated odds ratios of developing MS associated with different categories of tobacco smoke exposure, together with 95% confidence intervals, by using logistic regression. The excess proportion of cases attributable to smoking and passive smoking was calculated as a percentage. Results: Both smoking and exposure to passive smoking contribute to MS risk in a dose-dependent manner. At the population level, 20.4% of all cases were attributable to smoke exposure. Among subjects carrying the genetic risk factor HLA-DRB1*15 but lacking HLA-A*02, 41% of the MS cases were attributable to smoking. Conclusions: From a public health perspective, the impact of smoking and passive smoking on MS risk is considerable. Preventive measures in order to reduce tobacco smoke exposure are, therefore, essential. In particular, individuals with a history of MS in the family should be informed regarding the impact of smoking on the risk of MS, and the importance of preventing their children from being exposed to passive smoke.
Assessment of Bone Marrow Aspiration Site Pain in Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Daigre Justin L. , DeMill Shyler L. , Hyer Christopher F. 
Published: October 2015

Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) is a validated technique to harvest progenitor cells. BMA has many uses in foot and ankle surgery; however, donor site morbidity is a concern. The purpose of this study was to compare the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores after BMA at 3 different sites (iliac crest, distal tibia, and calcaneus) over a 12-week postoperative recovery period. This was an institutional review board–approved prospective study of 40 patients who underwent BMA as an adjunct to their primary foot and ankle procedure. Each patient had BMA harvested from the ipsilateral anterior iliac crest, distal tibia, and lateral calcaneus at the time of surgery. Patient follow-up questionnaire forms were filled out at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, with the primary outcome measure being VAS pain scores. Mean VAS scores averaged over the 12-week follow-up period were significantly higher in the calcaneus (20.8 ± 28.6) compared with the distal tibia (7.7 ± 17.6) and the iliac crest (4.2 ± 12.4; P < .05). No significant difference was found between the distal tibia and the iliac crest sites. At 12 weeks, all sites were about equal and without appreciable pain. Our data suggested that donor site selection for BMA affects postoperative pain levels, with BMA from the calcaneus resulting in significantly higher pain scores when compared with the iliac crest or distal tibia. The VAS pain score for the calcaneus was likely confounded by the high number of hindfoot/ankle surgeries performed in the ipsilateral foot. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level II: Prospective, comparative trial
Knee Articular Cartilage Repair and Restoration Techniques
Authors: Richter Dustin L. , Schenck Robert C. , Wascher Daniel C. , Treme Gehron 
Published: October 2015

Context: Isolated chondral and osteochondral defects of the knee are a difficult clinical challenge, particularly in younger patients for whom alternatives such as partial or total knee arthroplasty are rarely advised. Numerous surgical techniques have been developed to address focal cartilage defects. Cartilage treatment strategies are characterized as palliation (eg, chondroplasty and debridement), repair (eg, drilling and microfracture [MF]), or restoration (eg, autologous chondrocyte implantation [ACI], osteochondral autograft [OAT], and osteochondral allograft [OCA]). Evidence Acquisition: PubMed was searched for treatment articles using the keywords knee, articular cartilage, and osteochondral defect, with a focus on articles published in the past 5 years. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: In general, smaller lesions (<2 cm2) are best treated with MF or OAT. Furthermore, OAT shows trends toward greater longevity and durability as well as improved outcomes in high-demand patients. Intermediate-size lesions (2-4 cm2) have shown fairly equivalent treatment results using either OAT or ACI options. For larger lesions (>4 cm2), ACI or OCA have shown the best results, with OCA being an option for large osteochondritis dissecans lesions and posttraumatic defects. Conclusion: These techniques may improve patient outcomes, though no single technique can reproduce normal hyaline cartilage.
Identification of a new subclass of ALK-negative ALCL expressing aberrant levels of ERBB4 transcripts
Authors: Scarfò Irene , Pellegrino Elisa , Mereu Elisabetta , Kwee Ivo , Agnelli Luca , Bergaggio Elisa , Garaffo Giulia , Vitale Nicoletta , Caputo Manuel , Machiorlatti Rodolfo , Circosta Paola , Abate Francesco , Barreca Antonella , Novero Domenico , Mathew Susan , Rinaldi Andrea , Tiacci Enrico , Serra Sara , Deaglio Silvia , Neri Antonino , Falini Brunangelo , Rabadan Raul , Bertoni Francesco , Inghirami Giorgio , Piva Roberto ,   the European T-Cell Lymphoma Study Group
Published: October 2015

Key Points
Endogenous intronic long terminal repeats promote the ectopic expression of truncated ERBB4 transcripts in 24% of ALK-negative ALCL. The expression of ERBB4-aberrant transcripts defines a new subclass of ALK-negative ALCL and may contribute to ALCL transformation.
Transient, Activity Dependent Inhibition of Transmitter Release from Low Threshold Afferents Mediated by GABAA Receptors in Spinal Cord Lamina III/IV
Authors: Betelli Chiara , MacDermott Amy B. , Bardoni Rita 
Published: October 2015

Background Presynaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) located on central terminals of low threshold afferent fibers are thought to be involved in the processing of touch and possibly in the generation of tactile allodynia in chronic pain. These GABAARs mediate primary afferent depolarization (PAD) and modulate transmitter release. The objective of this study was to expand our understanding of the presynaptic inhibitory action of GABA released onto primary afferent central terminals following afferent stimulation. Results We recorded evoked postsynaptic excitatory responses (eEPSCs and eEPSPs) from lamina III/IV neurons in spinal cord slices from juvenile rats (P17–P23, either sex), while stimulating dorsal roots. We investigated time and activity dependent changes in glutamate release from low threshold A fibers and the impact of these changes on excitatory drive. Blockade of GABAARs by gabazine potentiated the second eEPSC during a train of four afferent stimuli in a large subset of synapses. This resulted in a corresponding increase of action potential firing after the second stimulus. The potentiating effect of gabazine was due to inhibition of endogenously activated presynaptic GABAARs, because it was not prevented by the blockade of postsynaptic GABAARs through intracellular perfusion of CsF. Exogenous activation of presynaptic GABAARs by muscimol depressed evoked glutamate release at all synapses and increased paired pulse ratio (PPR). Conclusions These observations suggest that afferent driven release of GABA onto low threshold afferent terminals is most effective following the first action potential in a train and serves to suppress the initial strong excitatory drive onto dorsal horn circuitry.
Selected static foot assessments do not predict medial longitudinal arch motion during running
Authors: Langley Ben , Cramp Mary , Morrison Stewart C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundStatic assessments of the foot are commonly advocated within the running community to classify the foot with a view to recommending the appropriate type of running shoe. The aim of this work was to determine whether selected static foot assessment could predict medial longitudinal arch (MLA) motion during running.MethodsFifteen physically active males (27 ± 5 years, 1.77 ± 0.04 m, 80 ± 10 kg) participated in the study. Foot Posture Index (FPI‐6), MLA angle and rearfoot angle were measured in a relaxed standing position. MLA motion was calculated using the position of retro‐reflective markers tracked by a VICON motion analysis system, while participants ran barefoot on a treadmill at a self‐selected pace (2.8 ± 0.5 m.s−1). Bivariate linear regression was used to determine whether the static measures predicted MLA deformation and MLA angles at initial contact, midsupport and toe off.ResultsAll three foot classification measures were significant predictors of MLA angle at initial contact, midsupport and toe off (p < .05) explaining 41–90 % of the variance. None of the static foot classification measures were significant predictors of MLA deformation during the stance phase of running.ConclusionSelected static foot measures did not predict dynamic MLA deformation during running. Given that MLA deformation has theoretically been linked to running injuries, the clinical relevance of predicting MLA angle at discrete time points during the stance phase of running is questioned. These findings also question the validity of the selected static foot classification measures when looking to characterise the foot during running. This indicates that alternative means of assessing the foot to inform footwear selection are required.
Modeling and discovering human behavior from smartphone sensing life-log data for identification purpose
Authors: Mafrur Rischan , Nugraha I. Gde Dharma , Choi Deokjai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractToday, personal data is becoming a new economic asset. Personal data which generated from our smartphone can be used for many purposes such as identification, recommendation system, and etc. The purposes of our research are to discover human behavior based on their smartphone life log data and to build behavior model which can be used for human identification. In this research, we have collected user personal data from 37 students for 2 months which consist of 19 kinds of data sensors. There is still no ideal platform that can collects user personal data continuously and without data loss. The data which collected from user’s smartphone have various situations such as the data came from multiple sensors and multiple source information which sometimes one or more data does not available. We have developed a new approach to building human behavior model which can deal with those situations. Furthermore, we evaluate our approach and present the details in this paper.
Long‐term effect of respiratory training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients at an outpatient clinic: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Xi Fang , Wang Zheng , Qi Yong , Brightwell Richard , Roberts Peter , Stewart Angus , Sim Moira , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of respiratory training (RT) on lung function, activity tolerance and acute exacerbation frequency with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).DesignA randomised controlled trial.SettingOutpatient clinic and home of the COPD patients, Zhengzhou City, China.SubjectsSixty participants with COPD were randomised into two groups: an intervention group (n = 30) which received the RT in self‐management and a control group (n = 30) that received an education program during the study.InterventionPulmonary function, activity tolerance and frequency of acute exacerbation of these COPD patients were evaluated before and after the program. The intervention and control programs were delivered at monthly outpatient clinic visits over a period of 12 months. The pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program was conducted by a physiotherapist (who delivered RT to the participant over a minimum of 1 h per visit) for the intervention group, whereas the control group received routine health education provided by physiotherapists. The intervention group patients were then instructed to perform exercises at home as taught in the RT at least 5 days per week at home.ResultsAfter 12 months of RT, the lung function and the activity tolerance of the COPD patients in the intervention group were significantly improved and the exacerbation frequency was also decreased.ConclusionLong‐term RT can improve lung function and activity tolerance while decreasing the frequency of acute exacerbation for COPD patients.
Can immigrants help women “have it all”? Immigrant labor and women’s joint fertility and labor supply decisions
Authors: Furtado Delia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper explores how inflows of low-skilled immigrants impact the tradeoffs women face when making joint fertility and labor supply decisions. I find increases in fertility and decreases in labor force participation rates among high-skilled US-born women in cities that have experienced larger immigrant inflows. Most interestingly, these changes have been accompanied by decreases in the strength of the negative correlation between childbearing and labor force participation, an often-used measure of the difficulty with which women combine motherhood and labor market work. Using a structured statistical model, I show that the immigrant-induced attenuation of this negative correlation can explain about 24% of the immigrant-induced increases in the joint likelihood of childbearing and labor force participation in the US between the years 1980 and 2000.JEL codesD10, F22, J13, J22, R23
Hydrate quantification: Integrating full-waveform inversion, seismic attributes, and rock physics
Authors: Jaiswal P. 
Published: October 2015

Hydrate quantification from seismic data is a two-pronged challenge. The first is creating a velocity field with high enough resolution and accuracy such that it is a meaningful representation of hydrate variability in the host sediments. The second is constructing a rock-physics model that accounts for the appropriate growth of the hydrate and allows for the interpretation of the velocity field in terms of hydrate saturation. In this paper, both challenges are addressed in a quantification workflow that uses 2D seismic and colocated well logs. The study area is situated in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore eastern Indian coast, where hydrate was discovered in the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP-01). The workflow hinges on a rock-physics model that expresses total hydrate saturation in terms of primary (matrix) and secondary (fractures, faults, voids, etc.) porosities and their respective primary and secondary saturations and incorporates hydrate-filled secondary porosity into the rock as an additional grain type using the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds. The model is first applied to a set of well logs at a colocated site, NGHP-01-10, following which the application is extended into the seismic domain by (1) the incoherency attribute as a proxy for secondary porosity and (2) a full-waveform inversion-based P-wave velocity ([Formula: see text]) model as a proxy for primary saturation. The remaining — the primary porosity and secondary saturation — are assumed to remain the same across the seismic profile as at the site NGHP-01-10. The resulting, seismically estimated, hydrate saturation compares well with saturations from core depressurization at colocated sites NGHP-01-10 and NGHP-01-13. The quantification workflow presented here is potentially adaptable to other geographical areas with the caveat that empirical relations between porosity, saturation, and seismic attributes may have to be locally established.
Phase II Pilot Study of Vemurafenib in Patients With Metastatic BRAF-Mutated Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kopetz Scott , Desai Jayesh , Chan Emily , Hecht Joel Randolph , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Maru Dipen , Morris Van , Janku Filip , Dasari Arvind , Chung Woonbook , Issa Jean-Pierre J. , Gibbs Peter , James Brian , Powis Garth , Nolop Keith B. , Bhattacharya Suman , Saltz Leonard 
Published: October 2015

Purpose BRAF V600E mutation is seen in 5% to 8% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and is associated with poor prognosis. Vemurafenib, an oral BRAF V600 inhibitor, has pronounced activity in patients with metastatic melanoma, but its activity in patients with BRAF V600E–positive metastatic CRC was unknown. Patients and Methods In this multi-institutional, open-label study, patients with metastatic CRC with BRAF V600 mutations were recruited to an expansion cohort at the previously determined maximum-tolerated dose of 960 mg orally twice a day. Results Twenty-one patients were enrolled, of whom 20 had received at least one prior metastatic chemotherapy regimen. Grade 3 toxicities included keratoacanthomas, rash, fatigue, and arthralgia. Of the 21 patients treated, one patient had a confirmed partial response (5%; 95% CI, 1% to 24%) and seven other patients had stable disease by RECIST criteria. Median progression-free survival was 2.1 months. Patterns of concurrent mutations, microsatellite instability status, CpG island methylation status, PTEN loss, EGFR expression, and copy number alterations were not associated with clinical benefit. In contrast to prior expectations, concurrent KRAS and NRAS mutations were detected at low allele frequency in a subset of the patients' tumors (median, 0.21% allele frequency) and were apparent mechanisms of acquired resistance in vemurafenib-sensitive patient-derived xenograft models. Conclusion In marked contrast to the results seen in patients with BRAF V600E–mutant melanoma, single-agent vemurafenib did not show meaningful clinical activity in patients with BRAF V600E mutant CRC. Combination strategies are now under development and may be informed by the presence of intratumor heterogeneity of KRAS and NRAS mutations.
Depletion or over-expression of Sh3px1 results in dramatic changes in cell morphology
Authors: Hicks Lawrence , Liu Guojun , Ukken Fiona P. , Lu Sumin , Bollinger Kathryn E. , O'Connor-Giles Kate , Gonsalvez Graydon B. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
The mammalian Sorting Nexin 9 (Snx9) family consists of three paralogs: Snx9, Snx18 and Snx33. Most of the published literature to date has centered on the role of Snx9 in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Snx9 contains an Sh3 domain at its N-terminus and has been shown to interact with Dynamin and actin nucleation factors via this domain. In addition to the Sh3 domain, Snx9 also contains a C-terminal BAR domain. BAR domains are known to sense and/or induce membrane curvature. In addition to endocytosis, recent studies have implicated the Snx9 family in diverse processes such as autophagy, macropinocytosis, phagocytosis and mitosis. The Snx9 family is encoded by a single gene in Drosophila called sh3px1. In this report, we present our initial characterization of sh3px1. We found that depletion of Sh3px1 from Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells resulted in defective lamellipodia formation. A similar phenotype has been reported upon depletion of Scar, the actin nucleation factor implicated in forming lamellipodia. In addition, we demonstrate that over-expression of Sh3px1 in S2 cells results in the formation of tubules as well as long protrusions. Formation of these structures required the C-terminal BAR domain as well as the adjacent Phox homology (PX) domain of Sh3px1. Furthermore, efficient protrusion formation by Sh3px1 required the actin nucleation factor Wasp. Tubules and protrusions were also generated upon over-expressing the mammalian orthologs Snx18 and Snx33 in S2 cells. By contrast, over-expressing Snx9 mostly induced long tubules.