bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Existenz schwacher Wechselwirkungen zwischen Sb(III) und Phenylgruppen: Sb2Br6(SPPh3)2, Sb2I6(SePPh3)2 · 2 CH2Cl2, Sb4Br12(SPMe2Ph)4 und (Ph4P)2Sb2Br8 · CH3CN / On the Existence of Weak Interactions between Sb(III) and Phenyl Groups: Sb,Br6(SPPh3)2, Sb2I6(SePPh3)2 · 2CH2Cl2, Sb4Br12(SPMe2Ph)4 and (Ph4P)2Sb2Br8 · CH3CN
Authors: Pohl Siegfried , Saak Wolfgang , Lotz Rainer , Haase Detlev 
Published: March 2015

The compounds Sb2Br6(SPPh3)2 (1), Sb2I6(SePPh3)2·2CH2Cl2 (2), and Sb4Br12(SPMe2Ph)4 (3) were prepared in nearly quantitative yield by reacting of SbBr3 or SbI3 with the corresponding thio- or selenophosphoranes in dichloromethane solution. The reaction of SbBr3 and Ph4PBr in acetonitrile solution yields (Ph4P)2Sb2Br8 · CH3CN (4). The crystal structures of compounds 1-4 were determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data.
1: monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 875.3(1), b = 1366.0(1), c = 1837.0(1) pm, β = 100.28(1)°, V = 2161.1 × 106 pm3 and Z =2.
2: monoclinic, P21/n, a = 1021.6(4), b = 1285.7(4), c = 2088.8(6) pm, β = 96.45(3)°, V = 2726.4 × 106 pm3, Z = 2.
3: monoclinic, P21/n, a = 1180.5(1), b = 1407.9(1), c = 1891.5(2) pm, β = 106.35(2)°, V = 3016.6 × 106 pm3, Z = 2.
4: monoclinic, C 2/c, a = 2213.1(2), b = 1387.5(1), c = 1955.6(1) pm, β = 112.33(1)°, V = 5523.2 × 106 pm3, Z = 4.
1,2 and the anion of 4 contain centrosymmetric dimeric units with bridging halogen atoms. In all three compounds weak interactions between antimony and phenyl groups complete the sixfold coordination of Sb(III) (Sb-C: 339-365 pm). The crystal structure of 3, however, exhibits tetramers [SbBr3(SPMe2,Ph)]4 with bridging halogen and sulfur atoms, and without Sb-phenyl contacts. The conclusion from the different structures is that there is only a minor structural influence of the observed weak interactions
Zur Umsetzung von Tri(phenylethinyl)arsan und -stiban mit Octacarbonyldicobalt; Kristallstruktur von (Ph– C≡ C)As[(η2-C≡ C – Ph)Co2(CO)6]2 / Reaction of Tri(phenylethynyl)arsane and -stibane with Octacarbonyldicobalt; Crystal Structure of (Ph–C≡C)As[η2-C≡C–Ph)Co2(CO)6]2
Authors: Lang Heinrich , Zsolnai Laszlo 
Published: March 2015

The synthesis of tri(phenylethynyl)arsane (1) and -stibane (7) is discussed. Octacarbonyldicobalt reacts selectively with 1 or 7 to yield the η2-side-on co-ordinated phenylethynyl complexes (Ph–C=C)nE[(η2-C≡C–Ph)Co2(CO)6]3-n (E = As: n = 2: 3, n = 1: 4, n = 0: 5; E = Sb: n = 2: 8; n = 1: 9; n = 0: 10), which contain sterically hindered carbon-cobalt tetrahedrane cluster units. 3 gives upon heating {(Ph–C≡C)2As[(η2-C=C–Ph)Co2(CO)5]}2 (6) a compound containing a six-membered Co2As2C2 ring.
All new compounds have been characterized by analytical and spectroscopic data (IR, 1H, 13C NMR), and (Ph –C≡C)As[(η2-C≡C–Ph)Co2(CO)6]2 (4) by X-ray analysis.
Reversible Öffnung von Metall-Metall-Bindungen: Quantitative Untersuchung des Ringöffnungsgleichgewichts von [Cp′(CO)2Mn]2SeAryl+ / Reversible Opening of Metal Metal Bonds: Quantitative Analysis of the Ring Opening Equilibrium for [Cp′(CO)2Mn]2SeAry1+
Authors: Lau Patrizia , Huttner Gottfried , Zsolnai Laszlo 
Published: March 2015

The compounds [Cp′(CO)2Mn]2SeR+ are isoelectronic analogues of the well known “inidene”-species [LnM]ER (E = P, As, Sb, Bi). While these latter “inidene” compounds exist in an open form with no metal-metal-interaction and the main group atom in a trigonal planar environment allowing for a three-center-4π-system M

E

M, their isoelectronic selenium analogues generally show equilibria between the “inidene”-type metal metal non bonded forms and their metal metal bond closed cyclic isomers. In a valence bond picture the four electrons, delocalized in the three-center-4π-system of the open isomers, are localized in the closed ones: two in the metal metal bond and two as a lone pair at a pyramidally coordinated selenium center.
The corresponding equilibria are quantitatively analyzed for [Cp′(CO)2Mn]2SeR+ (R =

PCF3-C6H4 (1), PCH3-C6H4 (PToI) (2), °CH3—C6H4 (°Tol) (3)) by UV/VIS spectroscopy of their solutions at different temperatures. The ring opening process which corresponds to the reversible opening of a metal metal bond is found to be entropically driven with reaction-entropies of around 25 [JΚ-1mol-1]. Correspondingly, imposing steric hindrance on R, [Cp′(CO)2Mn]2SeMes+ (4) yields a stable bond opened “inidene”-type compound. Reducing steric hindrance in [Cp′(CO)2Mn]2Se′Pr+ (5) gives the bond closed form as the only detectable isomer.
Complexes of Zn, Cd and Hg Halides with S and N Polydentate Schiff-Base. Metal Template Effect in the Synthesis of Analogous Oxygenated Base. Crystal Structure of [Zn(btsc)2Cl2] and [Cd(btsc)2Br2]
Authors: Souza Pilar , Sanz Luisa , Fernández Vicente , Arquero Agueda , Gutierrez Enrique , Monge Angeles 
Published: March 2015

Zinc, cadmiun and mercury dihalide react with 4-acetylpyridinthiosemicarbazone (4-aptsc) to give complexes with 1:1 and 2:1 ligand/metal stoichiometric ratios. These metals are effective templates for the Schiff-base condensation of 4-acetylpyridine with semicarbazide to give the complexes [M(4-apsc)X2] and [M(4-apsc)2X2] where M = Zn, Cd or Hg and X = Cl, Br or I. These compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivities measurements, IR and 13C, 1H NMR spectra.
The zinc chloride and bromide complexes of benzalthiosemicarbazone (btsc) have been prepared and characterized by X-ray measurements.
The compounds Zn(btsc)2Cl2 and Cd(btsc)2Br2 are isostructural and crystallize in the space group P21/n. The crystal structure of the chlorine derivative has been resolved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The zinc centre is in a slightly distorted tetrahedral environment. There are intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
Reaktive E=C(p-p)π-Systeme, XXVIII / Reactive E=C(p-p)π-Systems, XXVIII
Authors: Grobe Joseph , Le Van Duc , Großpietsch Thomas 
Published: March 2015

The reaction of perfluoro-2-phosphapropene F3CP=CF2 (1) with tert-butylamine or isopropylamine in a 1:3 molar ratio leads to the novel iminomethylene phosphanes F3CP=C=N(tBu) [(2), 30% yield] and F3CP=C=N(iPr) [(3), 5%], respectively. 2 slowly decomposes at room temperature giving tert-butylisonitrile and the cyclophosphanes (F3CP)n (n = 3, 4, 5). 3 is found to be less stable than 2 and for example is attacked by primary amines. The reaction of 2 with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene or trimethylphosphane yields, on the one hand, the cycloaddition product of bis(trifluormethyl)diphosphene (4), and on the other hand, the phosphorus ylid Me3P=PCF3 (5) together with (tBu)NC.
2 and 3, respectively, are not obtained from (F3C)2PH and the corresponding primary amines in a series of HF elimination and H2NR addition reactions. The main products formed from a 1:4 molar mixture of (F3C)2PH and H2N(iPr) in a one-pot procedure were shown to be the chiral phosphanes F3CP[NH(iPr)]C[=N(iPr)]H (6), F3CP[NH(iPr)]CHF2 (7) and F3CP[NH(iPr)]CH2F (8) (60:35:5). The corresponding reaction of (F3C)2PH with H2N(tBu) mainly yields the compound F3CP[NH(tBu)]CH2F (10).
Synthese und Kristallstrukturen der Polyselenido-Mercurate (PPh4)2[Hg(Se4)2] und [Cs(18-Krone-6)]2[Hg2(Se4)3] / Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Polyselenido Mercurates (PPh4)2[Hg(Se4)2] and [Cs(18-Crown-6)]2[Hg2(Se4)3]
Authors: Magull Sylvia , Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: March 2015

(PPh4)2[Hg(Se4)2] has been prepared by the reaction of (PPh4)2[Sn(Se4)3] with Hg(CH3COO)2 in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution. [Cs(18-crown-6)]2[Hg2(Se4)3] has been prepared by the reaction of a lithium polyselenide solution in DMF with Hg(CH3COO)2 in the presence of CsBr and 18-crown-6. Both compounds are obtained as dark red crystals and characterized by X-ray structure determinations.
(PPh4)2[Hg(Se4)2]: Space group P21/c, Z = 4, 3021 observed unique reflexions, R = 0.082. Lattice dimensions at 20 °C: a = 1046.0(3), b = 2129.4(2), c = 2213.1(3) pm,β = 97.62(2)°. The compound consists of PPh4
+ ions and anions [Hg(Se4)2]2-, in which the mercury atom is a spirocenter of puckered HgSe4 rings.
[Cs(18-crown-6)]2[Hg2(Se4)3]: Space group Ia, Ζ = 4, 2859 observed unique reflexions, R = 0.074. Lattice dimensions at 20 °C: a = 2018(1), b = 1097.0(2), c = 2317.1(5) pm, β = 99.40(3)°. The compound forms an ion triple which originates from Cs ··· Se contacts of 382 to 390 pm with the [Hg2(Se4)3]2- ion. The latter can be described as a [Hg(Se4)2]2- ion, which has contacts with a HgSe4 fragment.
Darstellung und Struktur von Ν,N′-Dimethylepindolidion / Preparation and Structure of Ν,N′-Dimethylepindolidione
Authors: Polborn Kurt , Lechner Günther , Wagner Hans-Ulrich , Gompper Rudolf , Schmidt Christoph , Beck Wolfgang 
Published: March 2015

Methylation of epindolidione gives the Ν,N′-dimethyl derivative which was characterized by X-ray diffraction.
Dibenzo[b,g][1,5]naphthyridin-6,12(5,11 H)-dione (Epindolidione) [1] sind Strukturisomere des Indigos. Die geringe Löslichkeit sowie - ähnlich wie in Indigo [2] - die tiefe Lage der NH-und CO-Valenzschwingungen von Epindolidion ist auf intermolekulare Wasserstoffbrücken zurückzuführen. Obwohl Epindolidion nur gelb ist, wurde die Verbindung von Lüttke und Klessinger als indigoider Farbstoff eingestuft [3]. In letzter Zeit fanden Epindolidione als potentielle Halbleiter [4] sowie für den Einbau in Peptide Beachtung [5]. Im Rahmen von Arbeiten über Naphthyridin-Derivate [6] sowie über Metallkomplexe von Farbstoffen [7] interessierte die Alkylierung bzw. Metallierung (Isolobal-Analogie [8]) von Epindolidion, die am N- oder (und) O-Atom erfolgen kann.
Die Kristallstrukturen der Palladium(II)-Komplexe [Pd(CH3CN)4](BF4)2, [PdCl(μ2 -PPh2)(HPPh2)]2 · CH2Cl2 und [PdCl(HPPh2) {H(OPPh2)2}] / The Crystal Structures of the Palladium(II) Complexes [Pd(CH3CN)4](BF4)2, [PdCl(μ2-PPh2)(HPPh2)] · CH2Cl2, and [PdCl(HPPh2){H(OPPh2)2}]
Authors: Gebauer Thorsten , Frenzen Gerlinde , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: March 2015

The crystal structures of the title compounds were solved by X-ray methods.
[Pd(CH3CN)4](BF4)2: Space group Pbca, Z = 4,812 observed unique reflections, R = 0.057, wR = 0.033. Lattice dimensions at -80 °C: α = 1027.5(5), b = 1242.8(6), c = 1280.3(6) pm. The compound consists of planar [Pd(CH3CN)4]2+ ions with Pd-N bond lengths of 195.6 pm and BF4
- anions.
[PdCl(μ2-PPh2(HPPh2)]2 • CH2Cl2 crystallizes in two polymorphic forms in the same space group type but with different cell parameters, which depends on the conditions of the synthesis. α-form: Space group P21/c, Z = 4, 4680 observed unique reflections, R = 0.041, wR = 0.033. Lattice dimensions at -80 °C: a = 937.2(2), b = 1750.3(6), c = 1593.9(5) pm, β = 106.32(2)°. β-form: Space group Ρ21/n, Ζ = 4, 2519 observed unique reflections, R = 0.105, wR = 0.067. Lattice dimensions at -80 °C: a = 1118.0(4), b = 1222.4(3), c = 1849.9(4) pm, β = 90.72(2)°. Both polymorphs contain centrosymmetric molecules [PdCl μ2- PPh2)(HPPh2)]2 with Pd-P bond lengths of 226.6 pm for the bridging PPh2 groups and Pd-P bond lengths of 232.2 pm for the terminal HPPh2 ligands.
[PdCl(HPPh2){H(OPPh2)2}]: Space group Pbca, Z = 8,3673 observed unique reflections, R = 0.038, wR = 0.032. Lattice dimensions at -80 °C: a = 1736.6(3), b = 1874.4(4), c = 1983.1(4) pm. The palladium atom has planar coordination consisting of the chlorine atom, the phosphorus atom of the HPPh2 ligand (Pd-P bond length 235.5 pm), and by the two phosphorus atoms of the H(OPPh2)2 chelate (Pd-P bond lengths 225.9 and 231.0 pm).
Tetramethylthioharnstoff als Ligand in Übergangsmetallkomplexen: Redoxsubstitutionen mit dem Dithiobis(1,1,3,3-tetramethylformamidinium)-Kation Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von [Fe(SR)L3]+BPh4
-, [FeL4]2+BPh4
-)2 und [RuCl2(CO)2L2] (R = 2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2; L = SC(NMe2)2) / Tetramethylthiourea as Ligand in Transition Metal Complexes:. Redox Substitution Reactions with the Dithiobis(1,1,3,3-tetramethylformamidinium) Cation Synthesis and Crystal Structures of [Fe(SR)L3]+BPh4
-, [FeL4]2+(BPh4
-)2 and [RuCl2(CO)2L2] (R = 2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2; L = SC(NMe2)2)
Authors: Bierbach Ulrich , Barklage Walter , Saak Wolfgang , Pohl Siegfried 
Published: March 2015

The oxidation of tetramethylthiourea (SC(NMe2)2,L) with HC1/H2O2 yields dithiobis-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylformamidinium)dichloride, [{SC(NMe2)2}2]2+Cl2 (1). Anions in 1 can be easily exchanged by tetraphenylborate to give [{SC(NMe2)2}2]2+(BPh4
-)2 (2).
The reaction of the neutral complex [Fe(SR)2L2] (3) (R = 2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2) with 2 results in either partial or complete oxidation of the thiolate ligands, depending on the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants, and replacement by neutral ligands L. The cations [Fe(SR)L3]+ and [FeL
4]2+ were isolated as tetraphenylborate salts (4 and 5, respectively).
[RuCl2(CO)2L2] (6) was obtained by the reaction of dodecacarbonyltriruthenium with 1. In the course of the reaction ruthenium is oxidized and CO ligands are partially replaced by L and Cl-.
The structures of 4, 5 and 6 were determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data.
4: monoclinic, P 21/n, a = 2272.1(2), b = 1009.1(1), c = 2533.4(2) pm, β = 96.96(1)°. V = 5765· 106 pm3, Z = 4, conventional R = 0.066. The cation of 4 shows a distorted tetrahedral coordination of Fe(II) with Fe–Sthiolate 229.0(2) pm and Fe–Sthiourea 237.6(2) pm (mean).
5: monoclinic, P 21/n, a = 1153.2(1), b = 2913.8(1), c = 2019.1(1) pm, β = 92.84°. V = 6776.5 • 106 pm3, Z = 4, conventional R = 0.061. The cation of 5 possesses approximate D2d symmetry with the central [FeS4] tetrahedron compressed along the two-fold axis (Fe–S: 234.2 pm (mean)).
6: orthorhombic, P bcn, a = 847.9(2), b = 1442.2(3), c = 1660.1(3) pm. V = 2030.0· 106 pm3, Z = 4, conventional R = 0.037. The neutral complex cis, cis, trans-6 exhibits a distorted octahedral coordination of Ru(II) with thiourea ligands in trans position. 6 possesses C2 symmetry. The S–Ru–Sa angle was found to be 165.0°. The deviation from linearity is probably caused by the sterically hindered tetramethylthiourea ligands. The Ru–S bond length is 241.6(1) pm.
Structural studies of geometrical parameters in tmtu complexes that are related to the nature of the M–Sthiourea bond suggest, that 1,1,3,3-tetramethylthiourea (L) does not only function as a σ-donor but possibly also exhibits weak π-donor and π-acceptor properties, respectively. The exact type of bonding is determined by the nature and oxidation state of the metal centre.
Constituents of Euphorbiaceae, 10. Comm. / New Cerebrosides from Euphorbia characias L.
Authors: Falsone G. , Cateni F. , Katusian F. , Wagner H. , Seligmann O. , Pellizer G. , Asaro F. 
Published: March 2015

Four new cerebrosides C-1 – C-4 were isolated from the latex of Euphorbia characias L. On the basis of spectral evidences and chemical reactions they were characterized as (2S, 3S, 4R, 5R, 6Z)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2N-[(2'R)-2′-hydroxy-(15′Z)-tetracosenoyl]-6(Z)-octadecene-1,3,4,5-tetraol-2-amino (C-1), (2 S, 3 S, 4 R, 5 R, 6 Z)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2N-[(2′ R)-2′hydroxy-(17′ Z)-hexacosenoyl]-6(Z)-octadecene-1,3,4,5-tetraol- 2-amino (C-2), (2S, 3S, 4R, 5R, 6Z)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2N-[(2′R)-2′-hydroxy-(19′Z)-octacosenoyl]-6-(Z)-octadecene-1,3,4,5-tetraol-2-amino (C-3) and (2 S, 3 S, 4 R, 5 R, 6 Z)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2N-[(2′R)-2′-hydroxy-octacosanoyl]-6-(Z)-octadecene-1,3,4,5-tetraol-2-amino (C-4).
Reversed phase column flash chromatography was effective for the isolation of the cerebrosides. FAB-MS spectrometry, 1H NMR, 13C NMR analysis and chemical reactions were useful in providing information for the structure elucidation.
Gläser und Verbindungen im System P4S4— As4S4— As4Se4 — P4Se4 / Glass and Compounds in the System P4S4—As4S4—As4Se4—P4Se4
Authors: Blachnik Roger , Lönnecke Peter , Nuß Jürgen 
Published: March 2015

Glas forming regions and glass temperatures of the system P4S4–As4S4–As4Se4–P4Se4 have been determined by thermoanalytical and X-ray methods. In the whole system crystalline samples have been obtained by annealing. From the pure phases As4S4 and P4Se4 broad regions of solid solutions extend into the system. In the P4S4 corner the formation of A4B3 (A = P, As; B = S, Se) molecules is observed.
As with A4B3 molecules, a stepwise substitution of P by As atoms, and of S by Se atoms is possible. All molecules of the series P4_„As„S4 and As4S4_„Se„ (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) were detected by 31P NMR and/or mass spectroscopy.
Darstellung von quaternären Selenodiphosphaten(IV) aus Halogenidschmelzen: Die Kristallstruktur des CuAl[P2Se6] / Preparation of Quaternary Selenodiphosphates(IV) from Halide Melts: The Crystal Structure of CuAl[P2Se6]
Authors: Pfeiff Regine , Kniep Rüdiger 
Published: March 2015

Quaternary hexaselenodiphosphates MIMIII[P2Se6] (MI/MIII = Cu/In, Cu/Cr, Ag/Αl, Ag/In, Ag/V, Ag/Cr) are obtained by reaction of the binary metal halides with Mg2[P2Se6] followed by cooling from the melt (Tmax = 530°C; cooling rate: 50°C/h):
M1 + MIIICl3 + Mg2[P2Se6]⃗⃗ ⃗→ MIMIII[P2Se6] + 2 MgCl2.
This method of preparation was also successfully used for the hitherto unknown quaternary hexaselenodiphosphate CuAl[P2Se6]. The crystal structure of CuAl[P2Se6] (trig. R 3 (No. 148); a = 627.95(2) pm; c = 1997.13(6) pm; Z = 3) is closely related to that of Fe2[P2Se6] (trig. R3). Selenium atoms are arranged in hexagonal close packed layers. CuI, AlIII and the P2 pairs occupy the octahedral sites of every second selenium double layer in such a way that the P2 pairs are surrounded by Cu1 and AlIII species (random distribution).
Crystal Structure Investigation of Copper(II) Thiocyanato and Cobalt(III Azido Complexes of Picolinic Acid; [Cu(pic)(SCN)(H2O)2] · 2H2O and [Na2Co(pic)2(N3)2(H2O)6] [Co(pic)2(N3)2] · 2H2O
Authors: Goher Mohamed A. S. , Abu-Youssef Morsy A. M. , Mautner Franz A. 
Published: March 2015

The structures of [Cu(pic)(NCS)(H2O)2] · 2H2O, complex 1, and
[Na2Co(pic)2(N3)2(H2O)6][Co(pic)2(N3)2] · 2H2O, complex 2, were determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data: 1, C7H12CuSN2O6, orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a = 8.749(4), b = 10.786(5), c = 26.882(9) Å, Z = 8, Rw =0.046 for 826 observed diffractometer data; 2, C24H32Co2Na2N16O16, triclinic, space group P1̄, a = 7.297(3), b = 8.806(4), c = 15.820(7) Å, a = 105.31(3), β = 95.09(3), γ = 99.86(3)°, Z = 1, and Rw = 0.064 for 1680 observed MoKa data.
Complex 1 features six-coordinated copper atoms, N,O-bidentate chelate picolinato anions, and μ(N,S) bridging thiocyanato groups with N at the basal site and S at the apical site of tetragonal bipyramid. The remaining two sites are occupied by aqua molecules, whereas two other water molecules serve as lattice water. The bridging thiocyanato groups link the copper polyhedra to form chains along the b axis of the unit cell. Complex 2 contains two Co(III) atoms located at different inversion centers. Co 1 in the [Na2Co(pic)2(N3)2(H2O)6]+ cation is six-coordinated by two trans picolinato anions (A) via their N 1 and O 1 atoms and by two terminal azido ligands. Two oxygen atoms (O 2 and O 2a) of two picolinate anions (A) act as μ(Ο,Ο) bridging atoms at basal sites to form a four-membered Na2O2 ring. Each sodium atom is further linked to three aqua ligands giving rise to trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environments. Two additional lattice water molecules are located between the dimeric sodium polyhedra. Co 2, in the [Co(pic)2(N3)2]- anion, is also six-coordinated by pairs of trans N,O-picolinate anions (B) and terminal azido groups.
What Elements of the Inflammatory System Are Necessary for EpileptogenesisIn Vitro?
Authors: Park Kyung-Il , Dzhala Volodymyr , Saponjian Yero , Staley Kevin J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEpileptogenesisin vivocan be altered by manipulation of molecules such as cytokines and complement that subserve intercellular signaling in both the inflammatory and central nervous systems. Because of the dual roles of these signaling molecules, it has been difficult to precisely define the role of systemic inflammation in epileptogenesis. Organotypic hippocampal brain slices can be maintained in culture independently of the systemic inflammatory system, and the rapid course of epileptogenesis in these cultures supports the idea that inflammation is not necessary for epilepsy. However, this preparation still retains key cellular inflammatory mediators. Here, we found that rodent hippocampal organotypic slice cultures depleted of T lymphocytes and microglia developed epileptic activity at essentially the same rate and to similar degrees of severity as matched control slice cultures. These data support the idea that although the inflammatory system, neurons, and glia share key intercellular signaling molecules, neither systemic nor CNS-specific cellular elements of the immune and inflammatory systems are necessary components of epileptogenesis.
Two-dimensional global and segmental longitudinal strain: are the results from software in different high-end ultrasound systems comparable?
Authors: Patrianakos Alexandros P. , Zacharaki Aggeliki A. , Kalogerakis Antonios , Solidakis Georgios , Parthenakis Fragiskos I. , Vardas Panos E. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
To compare the peak global longitudinal myocardial strain (PGLS) and peak segmental longitudinal myocardial strain (PSLS) values by speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) obtained using two different echocardiography devices. STE is an emerging quantitative ultrasound technique that allows an accurate evaluation of global and segmental myocardial function. However, there is a lack of standardization of the acquired data among different manufacturers. Sixty-three subjects, mean age 56.2±10.4 years, underwent complete echocardiographic studies with two different devices (Philips IE33 and General Electric VIVID E9) performed by the same operator. Thirty-one of them had known cardiac disease, with estimated left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, while 32 were free of any cardiovascular disease (control subjects). All images were digitally stored and analyzed using off-line post processing with QLAB 9 and EchoPAC 11 Software packages. PSLS and PGLS were calculated. A strong relationship between QLAB and EchoPAC was found for PGLS (r=0.91, P<0.001), PSLS-4 chamber (CH; r=0.79, P<0.001), PSLS-2CH (r=0.73, P<0.001), and PSLS-3CH (r=0.78, P<0.001) QLAB. Bland–Altman analysis showed absolute differences vs average of −0.16, −0.37, −0.21, and −0.16 for PGLS, PSLS-4CH, PSLS-2CH, and PSLS-apical long-axis views respectively. Segmental analysis showed a good agreement between the apical segments, whereas poor correlations were found for the basal segments. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that cutoff values for PGLS of −17.5 and −17.75% with Philips or GE systems gave a sensitivity and specificity of 93.5 and 87.5%, and 90 and 87.5%, respectively, in the discrimination of the patients from the controls. Both Philips and GE echo stations were found to give comparable results for PGLS, with approximately the same cutoff values, suggesting that their PGLS results may be interchangeable.