bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical investigation and in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities of methanol extract of whole plant Argyreia capitiformis (Poir.) Ooststr
Authors: Chowdhury Mustafiz , Chakma Biswantar , Islam Asraful , Sikder Iqbal , Sultan Ramiz Ahmed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
A. capitiformis (Poir.) Ooststr has a long history of usage as a medicinal cure for a wide variety of illnesses in many different cultures. Pharmacological properties and phytochemical characterization of the crude A. capitiformis whole plant are evalutted, in this paper.

Methods
Antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH free radical scavenging method. In vitro anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects were assessed using Bovine serum albumin (BSA), protein denaturation method, and brine shrimp mortality assays, respectively with antihelmintic activity through Pheretima Posthuma worms. Acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate and tail immersion testing assessed in vivo analgesia. CNS activity was evaluated through elevated plaze maize, open field, hole cross, and head dipping method.

Results
Phytochemiical investigation of A. capitiformis showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, terpennoids, steroid and flavonoids etc. with the % yield of crude 2.04%.With an IC50 of 45.35 µg/ml, the whole plant methanolic preparation has antioxidant activity equivalent to ascorbic acid. Anti-arthritic protein blocking dropped from 74.25 ± 0.12% to 12.18 ± 0.12%. 1000 µg/ml extract demonstrated 54.05 ± 0.12*% anti-inflammatory activity with protein denaturation. In the cytotoxicity assay, the extract had 129.72 µg/ml LC50 and the positive group 34.67 µg/ml. Unlike Albendazole, the methanol extract triggered mature earthworms at 50 mg/ml. The extract’s analgesic efficacy at 200 and 400 mg/kg was statistically significant (p < 0.001) in the acetic acid writhing and tail immersion method. The hot plate technique yielded statistically significant results only at 400 mg/kg (p < 0.001). Only 400 mg/kg was statistically significant in the Elevated Plaze Maize and Hole Board Procedure (p < 0.01). The hole cross and open field methods yielded highly statistically significant outcomes at 200 and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In this research, the whole crude methanol extract of A. capitiformis revealed phytochemicals, antioxidants, in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties, cytotoxicity, anti-helminthic, in vivo analgesic, and CNS inhibitory activities.
A bibliometric review on gender equity in human resource management
Authors: Jabeen Ghousia , Goli Gurunadham , Kafila  , Gobinath R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research paper outlines the fundamental areas and current complexities of the gender equity in HRM domain; given the importance of HR and gender equity-centre stage of developing this paper, there has been a noticeable rise in publications in recent years, indicating a rising interest in gender equity concerns within HRM. The influence of leadership styles on gender equality, work-life balance, diversity and inclusion policies, and gender bias in recruitment and promotion are some of the major issues that have been discovered gender equity, as shown by the study’s emphasis on inter-connectedness. The connection between gender and other social characteristics such as race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status is a complex issue. Thus, we suggest potential directions for future research. Analysis was conducted on 1555 studies sourced from the Scopus database between 2005 and 2023. This study aimed to identify research initiatives that concentrate on achieving gender equality in HRM. To ascertain the most influential articles and authors, their citation and publication counts were determined. The predominant area of investigation in HRM research is gender equity, a key issue, while other factors, such as age, nationality, ethnicity, professional background, and cognition, are often neglected.
Differences in Prevalence of Histologic Gastric Cancer Subtypes Between Mestizo and Mayan Populations in Guatemala
Authors: Villagrán Blanco Carmen I. , Hernández Elisa , Wellmann Irmgardt Alicia , Une Clas , Mendez-Chacón Erika , Perez-Perez Guillermo , Daniels Michael , Fernandez-Botran Rafael 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE Although the intestinal subtype of gastric cancer (GC) is most prevalent around the world, a relatively high prevalence of the diffuse subtype has been reported in some populations of Central American countries, including Guatemala. This study aimed to investigate whether differences exist in the prevalence of the two GC subtypes in the two main ethnic groups in Guatemala, namely Mayan and Mestizo (known as Ladino in Guatemala), between whom significant socioeconomic disparities exist, and to determine whether there is an association with Helicobacter pylori /CagA seropositivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants included 65 patients with GC and 135 age-/sex-matched controls. Data on ethnicity, H. pylori and CagA seropositivity status, as well as tumor subtype (diffuse or intestinal) were collected. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the relationship between predictor variables (age, sex, ethnicity, H. pylori, and CagA) and the binary response variable (tumor type). Model selection was based on the Akaike information criterion. RESULTS The prevalence of diffuse GC was found to be significantly higher in the Mayan compared with the Mestizo population in Guatemala. Although seropositivity for CagA was significantly higher in patients with GC, there were no significant differences between the two GC subtypes. CONCLUSION This study suggests that there are differences in the prevalence of intestinal and diffuse GC histologic subtypes between the two main ethnic groups in Guatemala. Further studies are warranted, given the potential higher prevalence of the more severe GC subtype in the most vulnerable population.
Mammography and Breast Ultrasonography Services in Ghana, Availability, and Geographic Access
Authors: Price Matthew D. , Mali Meghan E. , Dedey Florence , Dzefi-Tettey Klenam , Li Yao , Almeida Cameron , Brownson Kirstyn E. , Price Raymond R. , Sutherland Edward Kofi 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE Breast cancer is the leading type of cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in Ghana. Mammography and ultrasound have proven benefits in the early detection of breast cancer. This study evaluates mammography, breast ultrasound, and radiology work force availability throughout Ghana. METHODS A survey was administered to all hospitals in Ghana from November 2020 to October 2021. Mammography, breast ultrasound services, and the number of radiologists were assessed. For mammography, the number performed per month, cost incurred by the patient, where images were read, and how long it took to receive reports were also assessed. Health Facilities Regulatory Authority records on diagnostic centers were obtained to identify additional in-country breast imaging services. RESULTS Three hundred and twenty-eight of 346 hospitals participated in the survey (95%). Only 21 hospitals reported on-site mammography. One hospital reported performing >100 mammographies per month. The average cost to the patient ranged from 100 to 500 Cedis ($17-87 US dollars [USD]), although three hospitals performed mammography at no cost. An additional 10 mammography machines were identified at diagnostic centers throughout the country, with 41.3% of the female population living within 1 hour of mammography services. There were 135 hospital-based breast ultrasound services identified with 69.5% of the female population living within 1 hour of these services. There were an additional 190 ultrasound machines at diagnostic centers. There were 96 in-country radiologists identified. CONCLUSION Although there is limited availability and utilization of mammography in Ghana, there is more readily available ultrasonography. A focus on increasing breast cancer early diagnostic capabilities with breast ultrasound should be prioritized in addition to further expansion of the radiology workforce.
Association of Community-Level Social Vulnerability With Clinical Trial Discussion and Participation Among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Sekar Rishi R. , Maganty Avinash , Stensland Kristian D. , Herrel Lindsey A. 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE
Community factors and structural barriers may contribute to disparities and underrepresentation in cancer clinical trials. We evaluate the influence of community-level social determinants of health, as measured by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), on disparities in cancer clinical trial discussion and participation.

METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2021 Health Information National Trends Survey-SEER, a representative survey of cancer survivors sampled from three SEER registries. The primary outcomes included patient-reported clinical trial discussion and participation. The primary exposure was county-level SVI, linked to each survey respondent by ZIP code of residence and categorized into quintiles. Survey-weighted bivariate comparisons and multivariable logistic regression were performed to evaluate the association between SVI and clinical trial discussion and participation, adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, income, and cancer stage.

RESULTS

We identified 1,220 respondents residing in 153 counties with a median SVI of 0.41 (IQR, 0.27-0.62), representing a population of over 400,000 cancer survivors on weighted analysis. Of the cohort, 15.1% reported clinical trial discussion and 7.7% reported clinical trial participation. Patients who are most socially vulnerable (fifth quintile of SVI) had significantly lower odds of clinical trial discussion (odds ratio [OR], 0.36 [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.87];
P
= .02) and clinical trial participation (OR, 0.15 [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.75];
P
= .02) compared with patients who are least socially vulnerable (first quintile of SVI).

CONCLUSION
These findings suggest interventions to identify socially vulnerable communities for expansion of clinical trial opportunities and infrastructure may be an impactful strategy toward improving diversity and representation in cancer clinical trials.
Development of 24-Hour Rhythms in Cortisol Secretion Across Infancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data
Authors: Kervezee Laura , Romijn Michelle , van de Weijer Kirsten N G , Chen Britney S J , Burchell George L , Tollenaar Marieke S , Tamayo-Ortiz Marcela , Philbrook Lauren E , de Weerth Carolina , Cao Yang , Rotteveel Joost , Eiden Rina D , Azar Rima , Bush Nicole R , Chis Adina , Kmita Grazyna , Clearfield Melissa W , Beijers Roseriet , Gröschl Michael , Wudy Stefan A , Kalsbeek Andries , Mörelius Evalotte , Finken Martijn J J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context
In adults, cortisol levels show a pronounced 24-hour rhythm with a peak in the early morning. It is unknown at what age this early-morning peak in cortisol emerges during infancy, hampering the establishment of optimal dosing regimens for hydrocortisone replacement therapy in infants with an inborn form of adrenal insufficiency.

Objective
We aimed to characterize daily variation in salivary cortisol concentration across the first year of life.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review followed by an individual participant data meta-analysis of studies reporting on spontaneous (ie, not stress-induced) salivary cortisol concentrations in healthy infants aged 0-1 year. A one-stage approach using linear mixed-effects modeling was used to determine the interaction between age and time of day on cortisol concentrations.

Results
Through the systematic review, 54 eligible publications were identified, reporting on 29 177 cortisol observations. Individual participant data were obtained from 15 study cohorts, combining 17 079 cortisol measurements from 1904 infants. The morning/evening cortisol ratio increased significantly from 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3-2.1) at birth to 3.7 (95% CI: 3.0-4.5) at 6 to 9 months (P &lt; .0001). Cosinor analysis using all available data revealed the gradual emergence of a 24-hour rhythm during infancy.

Conclusion
The early-morning peak in cortisol secretion gradually emerges from birth onwards to form a stable morning/evening ratio from age 6 to 9 months. This might have implications for hydrocortisone replacement therapy in infants with an inborn form of adrenal insufficiency.
Feasibility of Robotic Transorbital Surgery
Authors: Lee Min Ho , Xiao Limin , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The transorbital approach (TOA) facilitates access to pathologies lateral to the optic nerve, a region that is difficult to access with an endonasal approach. In this study, we sought to investigate the feasibility of robotic-assisted surgery in lateral TOA.

METHODS:
Six colored-silicon-injected human postmortem heads were prepared for dissection. The DaVinci Xi model was used with a 0-degree camera, 8 mm in diameter. A black diamond microforceps with an 8-mm diameter and 10-mm jaw length was used. The entry point of V1 (superior orbital fissure), V3 (foramen ovale), and posterior root of the trigeminal ganglion were chosen as the surgical targets. The length from the entry opening to each target point was measured. The angles formed between pairs of target points were measured to obtain the horizontal angle (root of the trigeminal ganglion—entry—V1) and the vertical angle (root of the trigeminal ganglion—entry—V3).

RESULTS:
Dissection was performed on 12 sides (6 specimens). The median distance from the entry point was 55 mm (range 50-58 mm) to the entry point of V1 (superior orbital fissure), 65 mm (range 57-70 mm) to the entry point of V3 (foramen ovale), and 76 mm (range 70-87 mm) to the root of the trigeminal ganglion. Meanwhile, the median of surgical angle between the entry point and the target was 19.1° (range 11.8-30.4°) on the horizontal angle and 16.5° (range 6.2-21.6°) on the vertical angle.

CONCLUSION:
This study found that application of lateral TOA in robotic-assisted surgery is premature because of the large size of the tool. However, although the entrance in lateral TOA is narrow, the internal surgical space is wide; this offers potential for design of appropriate surgical tools to allow increase tool usage.
Adaxial-abaxial bipolar leaf genes encode a putative cytokinin receptor and HD-Zip III, and control the formation of ectopic shoot meristems in rice
Authors: Tezuka Takumi , Sato Rie , Itoh Jun-ichi , Kobayashi Toshiki , Watanabe Tomokazu , Chiba Kaito , Shimizu Haruki , Nabeta Takuma , Sunohara Hidehiko , Wabiko Hiroetsu , Nagasawa Nobuhiro , Satoh-Nagasawa Namiko 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) continuously initiate organ formation and maintain pluripotency through dynamic genetic regulations and cell-to-cell communications. The activity of meristems directly affects the plant's structure by determining the number and arrangement of organs and tissues. We have taken a forward genetic approach to dissect the genetic pathway that controls cell differentiation around the SAM. The rice mutants, adaxial-abaxial bipolar leaf 1 and 2 (abl1 and abl2), produce an ectopic leaf that is fused back-to-back with the fourth leaf, the first leaf produced after embryogenesis. The abaxial–abaxial fusion is associated with the formation of an ectopic shoot meristem at the adaxial base of the fourth leaf primordium. We cloned the ABL1 and ABL2 genes of rice by mapping their chromosomal positions. ABL1 encodes OsHK6, a histidine kinase, and ABL2 encodes a transcription factor, OSHB3 (Class III homeodomain leucine zipper). Expression analyses of these mutant genes as well as OSH1, a rice ortholog of the Arabidopsis STM gene, unveiled a regulatory circuit that controls the formation of an ectopic meristem near the SAM at germination.
eEF1α2 is required for actin cytoskeleton homeostasis in the aging muscle
Authors: Katow Hidetaka , Ryoo Hyung Don 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The translation elongation factor eEF1α (eukaryotic elongation factor 1α) mediates mRNA translation by delivering aminoacyl-tRNAs to ribosomes. eEF1α also has other reported roles, including the regulation of actin dynamics. However, these distinct roles of eEF1α are often challenging to uncouple and remain poorly understood in aging metazoan tissues. The genomes of mammals and Drosophila encode two eEF1α paralogs, with eEF1α1 expressed ubiquitously and eEF1α2 expression more limited to neurons and muscle cells. Here, we report that eEF1α2 plays a unique role in maintaining myofibril homeostasis during aging in Drosophila. Specifically, we generated an eEF1α2 null allele, which was viable and showed two distinct muscle phenotypes. In young flies, the mutants had thinner myofibrils in indirect flight muscles that could be rescued by expressing eEF1α1. With aging, the muscles of the mutant flies began showing abnormal distribution of actin and myosin in muscles, but without a change in actin and myosin protein levels. This age-related phenotype could not be rescued by eEF1α1 overexpression. These findings support an unconventional role of Drosophila eEF1α2 in age-related homeostasis of muscle myofibers.
Microgrid Planner: An Open-Source Software Platform
Authors: Reich Daniel , Frye Leah 
Published: August 2024

We introduce an open-source software platform for developing microgrid planning tools. Our platform is composed of a computational layer developed in Python; a MySQL database layer; a REST API developed in Flask; a web app front end developed in Flask, HTML templates, and JavaScript; containerized deployment through Docker; and high-performance computing integration using Slurm. Our base capabilities include user accounts with authentication, user-defined distributed energy resource components and microgrids, user uploads of power load data, a core simulation method, and a microgrid sizing method. These capabilities are all integrated into a user-friendly web application, which is designed to be customized and extended. Whereas our platform already includes a useful set of microgrid planning tools, our vision is for it to bridge the active academic analytical modeling research for microgrid planning into deployable software tools that can be readily used by practitioners. In addition to describing our current capabilities, this paper details how our platform design facilitates easy adoption by other researchers developing analytical methods for microgrid planning. History: Accepted by Ted Ralphs, Area Editor for Software Tools. Funding: This research was supported by the NextSTEP Program, sponsored by the Office of Naval Research; by Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command as part of the Navy Shore Energy Technology Transition and Integration program; and by the Director of Operational Energy, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Navy. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0336 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0336 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Fast Delivery: B2B Field Experiments Amid COVID-19 Outbreak and New Normal
Authors: Li Meng , Zhang Shichen 
Published: August 2024

Procuring essential products during disasters can save lives and livelihoods; nevertheless, limited research has explored this critical issue. In this paper, we collaborate with a buying company to run a unique B2B field experiment during the early COVID-19 outbreak that prompts an urgent need for personal protective equipment. We find that suppliers would deliver products faster by quoting a significantly shorter lead time when the buying company purchases products for donation rather than for resale. Similarly, suppliers quote a shorter lead time when the company provides crisis information—the number of COVID-19 cases in the region with high crisis levels—to highlight the urgent need for products. Interestingly, faster delivery does not come at the expense of the buying company. Buyers receive the products faster but also pay less. We collaborate with the same company to rerun the field experiment in the new normal and find that the buyer’s intent of donation leads to shorter lead time but not to lower wholesale price. Moreover, providing the COVID-19 information of the local community to suppliers has no impact on their decisions. Overall, our paper provides the first empirical evidence on suppliers’ lead time and wholesale price decisions during and after a disaster, thereby helping companies to deliver emergency products in a timely and efficient manner as well as designing their philanthropic and information strategies. This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management. Funding: This work was supported by a Behavioral Research Assistance Grant from the C. T. Bauer College of Business, University of Houston, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [72201140]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03523 .
How Does Artificial Intelligence Shape Audit Firms?
Authors: Law Kelvin K. F. , Shen Michael 
Published: August 2024

Does artificial intelligence (AI) displace auditors? We exploit the staggered hiring of AI employees at audit office locations across the United States as a proxy for the use of AI at local audit offices. The main findings are as follows. First, relative to audit offices that do not yet hire AI employees, those that do hire AI employees have a 4.3% increase in the number of auditor jobs, particularly among junior and midlevel auditors. Second, using AI is associated with an increased demand for soft skills (e.g., cognitive skills) in auditor jobs. Third, audit offices that use AI have more accurate going concern and internal control opinions. Semistructured interviews of 11 seasoned audit partners confirm that investment in AI is centralized at the national level, but the decision to deploy it often resides at the local audit office level. Notably, none of the partners believe that AI has replaced or will replace human auditors. Overall, our study—comprising both empirical and qualitative data—suggests that using AI does not replace auditors, but rather changes the skills required for these jobs and improves audit quality. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Funding: K. K. F. Law’s research is supported by the Start-Up Grant from Nanyang Technological University and the Ministry of Education (MOE), Singapore, under its Academic Research Fund Tier 1 [Grant RG128/20]. M. Shen’s research is supported by the Start-Up Grant from the National University of Singapore [Grant A-0003914-00-00] and the MOE under its Academic Research Fund Tier 1 [Grant A-8000098-00-00]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.04040 .