bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Stock Lending on Security Prices: An Experiment
Authors: KAPLAN STEVEN N. , MOSKOWITZ TOBIAS J. , SENSOY BERK A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWe examine the impact of short selling by conducting a randomized stock lending experiment. Working with a large, anonymous money manager, we create an exogenous and sizeable shock to the supply of lendable shares by taking high loan fee stocks in the manager's portfolio and randomly making available and withholding stocks from the lending market. The experiment ran in two independent phases: the first, from September 5 to 18, 2008, with over $580 million of securities lent, and the second, from June 5 to September 30, 2009, with over $250 million of securities lent. While the supply shocks significantly reduce market lending fees and raise quantities, we find no evidence that returns, volatility, skewness, or bid–ask spreads are affected. The results provide novel evidence on the impact of shorting supply and do not indicate any adverse effects on stock prices from securities lending.
The positive inotropic effect of the ethyl acetate fraction from Erythrina velutina leaves on the mammalian myocardium: the role of adrenergic receptors
Authors: Passos Amilton Gustavo da Silva , Gondim Antônio Nei Santana , Roman-Campos Danilo , Cruz Jader Santos , Conde-Garcia Eduardo Antônio , Araújo Neto Vítor , Estevam Charles Santos , Cerqueira Sandra Valéria Santos , Brandão Geraldo Célio , Oliveira Alaíde Braga , de Vasconcelos Carla Maria Lins 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Objectives
We studied the effects of ethyl acetate fraction (EAcF) obtained from Erythrina velutina leaves on mammalian myocardium.

Methods
The effect of EAcF on the contractility was studied using guinea-pig left atria mounted in a tissue bath (Tyrode's solution, 29°C, 95% CO2, 5% O2) and electrically stimulated (1 Hz). Concentration-response curves of EAcF were obtained in the presence of propranolol (1 μm), nifedipine (1 μm) and in reserpinized animals (5 mg/kg). The involvement of l-type calcium current (ICa,L) on the EAcF effect was observed in cardiomyocytes of mice assessed using patch-clamp technique.

Key findings
EAcF (550 μg/ml) had a positive inotropic effect, increasing the atrial force by 164% (EC50 = 157 ± 44 μg/ml, n = 6), but it was less potent than isoproterenol (EC50 = 0.0036 ± 0.0019 μg/ml, n = 8). The response evoked by EAcF was abolished by propranolol or nifedipine. Reserpine did not alter the inotropic response of EAcF. Furthermore, an enhancement of the ICa,L peak (31.2%) with EAcF was observed. Chemical analysis of EAcF revealed the presence of at least 10 different flavonoid glycoside derivatives. Two were identified as vicenin II and isorhoifolin.

Conclusions
We conclude that EAcF increases the cardiac contractile force by increasing the l-type calcium current and activating the adrenergic receptor pathway.
The impact of mixed, hope and forgiveness‐focused marital counselling on interpersonal cognitive distortions of couples filing for divorce
Authors: Navidian A. , Bahari F. 
Published: April 2013

Accessible summary
Hope and forgiveness are effective strategies for reducing family conflicts. These are two modern approaches for resolving marital conflicts. Merging hope‐ and forgiveness‐focused interventions can be used to decrease irrational marital beliefs among couples. Divorce is the most common outcome of conflicts among couples, who seek counselling going through the process of divorce.
The study explores the effects of mixed, hope‐ and forgiveness‐focused interventions on couples filing for divorce in Isfahan, Iran. In hope‐focused counselling, it seeks to strengthen relationship of married couples and reduce the rate of divorce. Forgiveness is a curative approach used in marriage therapy, suggested for helping manage the feelings of resentment and anger related to being hurt by separation.
Results emphasize that hope‐oriented interventions had no effect on the total number of interpersonal cognitive distortions in comparison with the control group. A similar pattern was observed in the forgiveness group. In contrast, a comparison of the mixed and control groups revealed significant differences, indicating that mixed interventions were significantly more effective than a non‐intervention control period in reducing the two dimensions of interpersonal irrational expectations and misconceptions among divorcing couples.
AbstractDivorce and conflict are overlapping processes. Previous findings suggest that spirituality‐related interventions in mental health nursing may play a significant role in reducing the level and amount of conflict. We examined the effects of hope and forgiveness‐focused marital counselling and a combination of the two intervention types on interpersonal cognitive distortions of couples filing for divorce in Isfahan, Iran. We conducted a quasi‐experimental study with a pre‐test and post‐test design. Of 440 couples referred to the Crisis Intervention Center undergoing pre‐divorce counselling, 60 were randomly assigned to four groups: hope‐focused, forgiveness‐focused, mixed and control. Data were gathered using the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale and analysed using the non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney's U and Wilcoxon tests. Hope‐ and forgiveness‐focused interventions did not have a significant effect on the total number of interpersonal cognitive distortions in comparison with the control group. However, the mixed intervention significantly reduced irrational expectations and interpersonal rejection among couples. Combining hope‐ and forgiveness‐focused interventions can be used to decrease irrational marital beliefs among couples. In addition, rating the level of conflict among couples is important for determining the type of intervention that should be used by mental health nurses (psycho‐educational or therapeutic).
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Hyaluronic Acid Vaginal Gel to Ease Vaginal Dryness: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Clinical Trial
Authors: Chen Junya , Geng Li , Song Xuehong , Li Hongxia , Giordan Nicola , Liao Qinping 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Atrophic vaginitis is a common occurrence, particularly among postmenopausal women; however, few seek or receive treatment. One therapeutic solution is topically applied products. Estrogen-based treatments have been shown to be effective; however, many patients are reluctant to use such formulations due to health concerns, hence the need to assess the efficacy of acceptable alternatives.

Aim
This multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label, parallel-group clinical trial set out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid vaginal gel to treat vaginal dryness compared with estriol cream in postmenopausal women.

Methods
One hundred forty-four subjects were randomized, 72 to the test group treated with hyaluronic acid vaginal gel (Hyalofemme) and 72 to the control group treated with estriol cream (Ovestin). Treatment in both groups was applied by means of a device once every 3 days for a total of 10 applications over 30 days.

Main Outcome Measures
Efficacy was measured by grading vaginal dryness and three other vaginal symptoms on a visual analog scale. Safety assessments included vital signs, laboratory examinations of the vaginal microecosystem, vaginal pH value, vaginal B ultrasound, and incidence of adverse events. Assessments were performed at baseline, by telephone after the third application, and at the final visit.

Results
Both hyaluronic acid vaginal gel and estriol cream can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women, with improvement rate of 84.44% and 89.42%, respectively, after 10 applications, without statistically significant difference between them.

Conclusion
Both hyaluronic acid vaginal gel and estriol cream are effective in the treatment of vaginal dryness. Hyaluronic acid vaginal gel may be considered as a valid alternative to estrogen-based treatments in relieving the symptoms of vaginal dryness.
Habitat management as a generalized tool to boost European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus populations in the Iberian Peninsula: a cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Ferreira Catarina , Touza Julia , Rouco Carlos , Díaz‐Ruiz Francisco , Fernandez‐de‐Simon Javier , Ríos‐Saldaña Carlos Antonio , Ferreras Pablo , Villafuerte Rafael , Delibes‐Mateos Miguel 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus was designated as a protected species in Spain and Portugal following sharp declines in many populations. The ongoing decline highlights the need to implement cost‐effective management strategies for this staple prey and important small game species of Iberian Mediterranean ecosystems.
Habitat management is one strategy in general use, though little is known about its true influence on rabbit populations. The main goal of this study was to assess the frequency of use and cost‐effectiveness of habitat management techniques for European rabbit populations in the Iberian Peninsula. We conducted a thorough literature review and used this information to: (i) estimate the frequency of use of habitat management techniques; (ii) evaluate the relative and absolute effectiveness of habitat management; and (iii) assess the economic implications of its application.
At least one habitat management technique was used on over 60% of hunting estates. The relative effectiveness (measured as the % population change before and after management) of habitat management techniques is high, although we found no relationship between high relative effectiveness and rabbit densities considered biologically and/or economically meaningful (e.g. densities able to support a breeding population of endangered predators or medium to high rabbit harvest yields). We did not find any clear relationship between the cost and the effectiveness of the habitat management techniques applied, as the most costly techniques were not the most successful ones.
We conclude that rabbit management strategies in the Iberian Peninsula should include improved and upscaled protocols for habitat management, in order to mitigate threats and promote the recovery of rabbit populations.
Quantifying noble gas contamination during terrestrial alteration in Martian meteorites from Antarctica
Authors: Schwenzer S. P. , Greenwood R. C. , Kelley S. P. , Ott U. , Tindle A. G. , Haubold R. , Herrmann S. , Gibson J. M. , Anand M. , Hammond S. , Franchi I. A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe investigated exterior and interior subsamples from the Martian shergottite meteorites Allan Hills (ALH) A77005 and Roberts Massif (RBT) 04261 for secondary minerals, oxygen isotopes, Ar‐Ar, and noble gas signatures. Electron microprobe investigations revealed that RBT 04261 does not contain any visible alteration even in its most exterior fractures, whereas fracture fillings in ALHA77005 penetrate into the meteorite up to 300 μm, beyond which the fractures are devoid of secondary minerals. Light noble gases seem to be almost unaffected by terrestrially induced alteration in both meteorites. Thus, a shock metamorphic overprint of 30–35 GPa can be deduced from the helium measurements in RBT 04261. Oxygen isotopes also seem unaffected by terrestrially weathering and variations can easily be reconciled with the differences in modal mineralogy of the exterior and interior subsamples. The measurements on irradiated samples (Ar‐Ar) showed a clear Martian atmospheric contribution in ALHA77005, but this is less apparent in our sample of RBT 04261. Exterior and interior subsamples show slight differences in apparent ages, but the overall results are very similar between the two. In contrast, krypton and xenon are severely affected by terrestrial contamination, demonstrating the ubiquitous presence of elementally fractionated air in RBT 04261. Although seemingly contradictory, our results indicate that RBT 04261 was more affected by contamination than ALHA77005. We conclude that irrespective of on which planet the alteration occurred, exposure of Martian rocks to atmosphere (or brine) introduces noble gases with signatures elementally fractionated relative to the respective atmospheric composition into the rock, and relationships of that process with oxygen isotopes or mineralogical observations are not straightforward.
Effective treatment of erythrasma‐associated inflammation and pruritus with isoconazole nitrate and diflucortolone valerate combination therapy
Authors: Piergiorgio Malagoli 
Published: April 2013

SummaryA warm and moist environment is a common risk factor for erythrasma, a condition characterized by pruritic, scaly and erythematous tan patches on the skin. Here we report on a 13‐year‐old athletic student presenting with pruritus and mild burning on her left medial thigh, and subsequently diagnosed with erythrasma. The patient was successfully treated with a 5‐day regimen of Travocort cream containing isoconazole nitrate 1% and diflucortolone valerate 0.1%.
Isoconazole nitrate: a unique broad‐spectrum antimicrobial azole effective in the treatment of dermatomycoses, both as monotherapy and in combination with corticosteroids
Authors: Veraldi Stefano 
Published: April 2013

SummaryFungal skin infections, or dermatomycoses, are associated with a broad range of pathogens. Involvement of gram‐positive bacteria is often suspected in dermatomycoses. Inflammation plays an important role in dermatomycoses, displaying a close association between frequent inflammation and reduced skin‐related quality of life. Isoconazole nitrate (ISN) is a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial agent with a highly effective antimycotic and gram‐positive antibacterial activity, a rapid rate of absorption and low systemic exposure potential. ISN is effective against pathogens involved in dermatomycoses, with minimum inhibitory concentrations well below the concentration of ISN in skin and hair follicles. The combination of the corticosteroid diflucortolone valerate with ISN (Travocort®) increases the local bioavailability of ISN. Compared with ISN monotherapy, Travocort has a faster onset of antimycotic action, faster relief of itch and other inflammatory symptoms, improved overall therapeutic benefits and earlier mycological cure rate. Travocort is effective in the treatment of inflammatory mycotic infections, and also in the eradication of accompanied gram‐positive bacterial infections. The rapid improvement observed with Travocort treatment, combined with favourable safety and tolerability, results in higher patient satisfaction, and therefore, can be an effective tool to increase treatment adherence in patients with dermatomycoses accompanied by inflammatory signs and symptoms.
Misdiagnosed zoophile tinea faciei and tinea corporis effectively treated with isoconazole nitrate and diflucortolone valerate combination therapy
Authors: Czaika Viktor A. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThere have been few published reports on the human transmission of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, a zoophilic fungus frequently occurring in pets. Here we report on 2 girls, living with a pet dwarf rabbit, who presented with inflammatory skin lesions positive for T. mentagrophytes and subsequently diagnosed as zoophile tinea faciei and tinea corporis. The patients were successfully treated with systemic terbinafine and 2‐week therapy with Travocort cream containing isoconazole nitrate 1% and diflucortolone valerate 0.1%.
Rapid relief of intertrigo‐associated pruritus due to Candida albicans with isoconazole nitrate and diflucortolone valerate combination therapy
Authors: Veraldi Stefano 
Published: April 2013

SummaryA 43‐year‐old male, with intertrigo due to Candida albicans located at the inguinal folds and accompanied by severe pruritus, was treated with topical 1% isoconazole nitrate and 0.1% diflucortolone valerate (2 applications/day for 7 days). An improvement of pruritus was reported 2 days after the beginning of the treatment. Skin lesions improved after 3 days of treatment. Complete remission of both skin lesions and pruritus was observed at day 7. No side effects were observed.
Effective treatment of tinea corporis due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes with combined isoconazole nitrate and diflucortolone valerate therapy
Authors: Czaika Viktor A. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryTrichophyton mentagrophytes is the dermatophyte species most commonly reported in cases of guinea pig‐associated dermatophytosis (or guinea pig fungus) a condition that more often affects children than adults. In this case, a 13‐year‐old girl with recent direct contact with guinea pigs presented with a previously undertreated inflammatory skin lesion on the left side of her upper body, which was positive both for Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The condition was subsequently diagnosed as tinea corporis due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes with concomitant bacterial infection and effectively treated with 2 weeks of twice‐daily application of Travocort cream containing isoconazole nitrate 1% and diflucortolone valerate 0.1%. Visible improvement in the lesion was apparent after only 1 week of treatment.
Candidaemia in polish hospitals – a multicentre survey
Authors: Nawrot Urszula , Pajączkowska Magdalena , Fleischer Małgorzata , Przondo‐Mordarska Hanna , Samet Alfred , Piasecka‐Pazik Dorota , Komarnicka Jolanta , Sulik‐Tyszka Beata , Swoboda‐Kopeć Ewa , Cieślik Justyna , Mikucka Agnieszka , Gospodarek Eugenia , Ozorowski Tomasz , Mól Anna , Tryniszewska Elżbieta , Kłosowska Wioletta , Krawczyk Małgorzata , Golec Krzysztof , Szymaniak Ludmiła , Giedrys‐Kalemba Stefania , Bilska Iwona , Prawda‐Zołotar Jolanta , Juszczyk‐Grudzińska Małgorzata , Wróblewska Małgorzata , Burdynowski Krzysztof 
Published: April 2013

SummarySignificant changes in the frequency of candidaemia and the distribution of causative species have been noted worldwide in the last two decades. In this study, we present the results of the first multicentre survey of fungaemia in Polish hospitals. A total of 302 candidaemia episodes in 294 patients were identified in 20 hospitals during a 2‐year period. The highest number of infections was found in intensive care (30.8%) and surgical (29.5%) units, followed by haematological (15.9%), ‘others’ (19.2%) and neonatological (4.6%) units. Candida albicans was isolated from 50.96% of episodes; its prevalence was higher in intensive care unit and neonatology (61.22% and 73.33%, respectively), and significantly lower in haematology (22%; P < 0.001). The frequency of C. krusei and C. tropicalis was significantly higher (24% and 18%) in haematology (P < 0.02); whereas, the distribution of C. glabrata (14.1%) and C. parapsilosis (13.1%) did not possess statistically significant differences between compared departments. Obtained data indicates that species distribution of Candida blood isolates in Polish hospitals reflects worldwide trends, particularly a decrease in the prevalence of infections due to C. albicans.
Fine‐scale spatial genetic structure of the black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) investigated with neutral microsatellites and functional mating type genes
Authors: Murat Claude , Rubini Andrea , Riccioni Claudia , De la Varga Herminia , Akroume Emila , Belfiori Beatrice , Guaragno Marco , Le Tacon François , Robin Christophe , Halkett Fabien , Martin Francis , Paolocci Francesco 
Published: April 2013

Summary

The genetic structure of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal populations results from both vegetative and sexual propagation. In this study, we have analysed the spatial genetic structure of Tuber melanosporum populations, a heterothallic ascomycete that produces edible fruit bodies.

Ectomycorrhizas from oaks and hazels from two orchards were mapped and genotyped using simple sequence repeat markers and the mating type locus. The distribution of the two T. melanosporum mating types was also monitored in the soil. In one orchard, the genetic profiles of the ascocarps were compared with those of the underlying mycorrhizas.

A pronounced spatial genetic structure was found. The maximum genet sizes were 2.35 and 4.70 m in the two orchards, with most manifesting a size < 1 m. Few genets persisted throughout two seasons. A nonrandom distribution pattern of the T. melanosporum was observed, resulting in field patches colonized by genets that shared the same mating types.

Our findings suggest that competition occurs between genets and provide basic information on T. melanosporum propagation patterns that are relevant for the management of productive truffle orchards.
McArdle's disease (glycogen storage disease typeV) and anesthesia – a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bollig Georg 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMcArdles disease (glycogen storage disease type v) is a rare condition in which energy‐metabolism in the muscle is hampered. A case report is presented and the possible risk for perioperative complications including malignant hyperthermia is discussed. A checklist for the anesthesiological management of patients withMcArdles disease is provided. A short overview of anesthesiological challenges and perioperative complications of other glycogen storage diseases is given.
Low‐dose ketamine as a potential adjuvant therapy for painful vaso‐occlusive crises in sickle cell disease
Authors: Neri Caitlin M. , Pestieau Sophie R. , Darbari Deepika S. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD) is the acute painful vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC). Among SCD patients, vaso‐occlusive pain episodes vary in frequency and severity. Some patients rarely have painful crises, while others are admitted to the hospital multiple times in a year for parenteral analgesics. Opioids are the mainstay of therapy for SCD‐related pain. However, a subset of patients report continued pain despite escalating doses of opioids. Tolerance and opioid‐induced hyperalgesia (OIH) have been considered as possible explanations for this phenomenon. The activation of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor has been implicated in both tolerance and OIH. As a NMDA receptor agonist, ketamine has been shown to modulate opioid tolerance and OIH in animal models and clinical settings. Low‐dose ketamine, by virtue of its NMDA receptor agonist activity, could be a useful adjuvant to opioid therapy in patients with refractory SCD‐related pain. Based on limited studies of adjuvant ketamine use for pain management, low‐dose ketamine continuous infusion appears safe. Further clinical investigations are warranted to fully support the use of low‐dose ketamine infusion in patients with SCD‐related pain.
Combined Bundle Block Adjustment with Spaceborne Linear Array and Airborne Frame Array Imagery
Authors: Zhang Yongjun , Lin Liwen , Zheng Maoteng , Xiong Jinxin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe integration of multi‐source earth observation data has become one of the most important developments in photogrammetry. A combined adjustment with linear array and frame array imagery (CALFI) is established in this paper. The mathematical model of CALFI is based on the conventional single‐source bundle adjustment. A revised recursive partitioning technique is utilised to solve the large normal matrix of CALFI; the orientation parameters of the linear array imagery are arranged at the border of the reduced normal matrix to save both memory and computation time. The experimental results on simulated data show that both the accuracy and the condition index of the CALFI model are superior to the conventional bundle adjustment model with either linear array or frame array imagery separately due to the higher redundancy.