bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on Performance Analysis and Computer Aided Design of Inverse Fluidized Bed Bioreactors with Nanosupport Particles
Authors: Narayanan C. M. , Monangi Tejaswi , Prasad Harshika , Chakraborty Neelanjana 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Attempts have been made to propose a modified design of inverse fluidized bed bioreactor (IFBBR) that utilizes immobilized enzyme nanosilica particles. The substrate solution is mixed uniformly with nanosilica particles, and the resultant slurry flows down the reactor keeping particles in suspension. The performance characteristics of the bioreactor of proposed design have been analysed both mathematically and experimentally. In the mathematical analysis, dispersed flow of suspension down the reactor tubes has been assumed. The mathematical results (from the developed software package) agree closely with the experimental results, the maximum deviation being 9.5%. The bioreactor provides high fractional conversion at high substrate flow rates, but demands low reactor volume. In addition, the operating cost of the reactor is substantially low. In reactors of this kind, resistance to substrate transfer into the support particles (nanoparticles) is negligible, and the global rate is essentially equal to the intrinsic rate (as the computed value of effectiveness factor is equal to unity for different types of kinetic equations and within wide range of substrate concentration). This must be attributed to the nanosize and consequent large specific surface of support particles. The present design of IFBBR is thus anticipated to be quite attractive for successful industrial adaptation.
Regression of the Recovery Rate of ACM Rubber Gasket for Long-Term Performances
Authors: Kwon Young-Doo , Roh Kwon-Taek , Kim Sung-Soo , Doh Jae-Hyeok 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
An engine head cover gasket in automobile engines is constantly exposed to high temperature and pressure conditions. The life time of an engine head cover gasket is important due to the increasing demand for more reliable automobile parts. The main failure mechanism of rubber gaskets, which is the aging due to temperature, can be determined using standard test equipment. The highly accelerated life test (HALT) is generally used for predicting the life time of rubber materials for a long period. Polyacrylate (ACM) with chlorine cure sites has been generally used for engine head gaskets. In order to improve the life time of such gaskets, ACM with carboxyl cure sites has been developed recently. In this study, we applied a mathematical model to obtain the recovery function of a rubber gasket, and utilized the fortran program in order to obtain the optimized recovery function by using the successive zooming genetic algorithm (SZGA). Comparisons of the mean squared error (MSE) between the function data and the experimental data have been made. The life times of ACM with carboxyl cure sites rubber gaskets for different compression rates were obtained using the Arrhenius model. More accurate quantitative predictions considering the maximum compression rate would be realized.
Experimental Research of Thermal-Oxidative Aging on the Mechanics of Aero-NBR
Authors: Wu Y. , Wang D. , Zhang W. , Zhang J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In order to analyze the rules of thermal-oxidative aging on the mechanics of Aero-NBR, a hot air accelerated aging test platform is designed and used to research the influence of thermal-oxidative aging on Aero-NBR’s mechanical property. The experimental results show that the tensile strength of Aero-NBR increases with increasing aging time under a certain temperature, and the elongation at failure first increases and then decreases; under the effect of pressure load, the compression stress relaxation factor decreases with time: the higher the temperature, the faster the stress relaxes. Furthermore, the compression permanent deformation increases with time when the temperature is fixed.
Investigating the Consistency of Asphalt Density Measurement Methods Over a Wide Range of Air Voids
Authors: Howard Isaac L. , Doyle Jesse D. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The overall purpose of this paper is to identify the most reliable bulk mixture specific gravity (Gmb) measurement method for dense graded asphalt concrete that can be used for a wide range of air voids and specimen types. A secondary purpose is to identify ranges of conditions where less established Gmb measurement methods are suitable. A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify promising density test methods for further study. Findings from studies comparing AASHTO T166 (saturated surface dry method) and AASHTO T331 (Corelok method) were used to provide a succinct summary of the relative behaviors of the two methods at mix design, performance testing, and field construction air void levels. Density measurement was performed using four methods (AASHTO T166, T269, T331, and TP82) on dense graded mixture specimens. In total, approximately 2500 data points were used herein, with approximately 30 % of this total coming from literature review and 70 % coming from the authors of this paper. Review of literature along with the evidence presented in this paper indicates that T331 is the most reasonably accurate and versatile Gmb measurement method for a wide range of air voids all the way from mix design through performance testing to construction acceptance testing. T331 has also been recommended (or at least evaluated favorably) by several previous researchers over the last ten years. Based on the evidence presented in this paper, the provisional TP82 test method in its current form does not provide acceptable Gmb measurements relative to T166 or T331 over a wide range of air voids. The magnitude of the discrepancy begins to increase dramatically as air voids increase.
Two-Year Effects of Aminopyralid on an Invaded Meadow in the Washington Cascades
Authors: Harrington Timothy B. , Peter David H. , Devine Warren D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFour rates of aminopyralid (30, 60, 90, and 120 g ae ha−1 [0.4, 0.9, 1.3, and 1.8 oz ae acre−1]) were compared for their ability to reduce abundance of nonnative dicot species and favor native species in an invaded Cascade Mountain meadow near Trout Lake, WA. Treatments were applied in two replicated studies (June 2009 and 2010), and foliar cover and species richness were monitored for two years. First-year control of nonnative dicots from application of 30 g ae ha−1 of aminopyralid (69%) was greater than that of native dicots (29%); whereas, significant control of both species groups occurred at the higher rates. By the second year after treatment, absolute differences in cover between treated and non-treated plots averaged −17% and −21% for native and nonnative dicots, respectively, and +1% and +27% for native and nonnative monocots, respectively. First-year control of Canada thistle and oxeye daisy was greater after treatment in 2009 (88% and 90%, respectively) than after treatment in 2010 (56% and 55%, respectively), probably because lower spring temperatures in 2010 limited vegetation development and plant susceptibility to aminopyralid. Cover of Kentucky bluegrass and sheep fescue averaged 20% and 6% greater, respectively, in treated plots than in non-treated plots. Application of 30 g ae ha−1 of aminopyralid had no detectable effect on second-year richness of native and nonnative species relative to non-treated plots; however, higher rates caused 24% to 43% reductions in richness of each species group. Research results suggest that application of aminopyralid at 30 g ae ha−1 has the potential to reduce abundance of nonnative dicot species in similar meadow communities of the Pacific Northwest with little or no negative impacts to abundance and richness of native species. As a potential strategy to limit the subsequent spread of Kentucky bluegrass, a grass herbicide, such as fluazifop or sethoxydim, could be added to the treatment.
Disturbance and Wetland Type Alter Reed Canarygrass Cover in Northern Michigan
Authors: Marlor Kathryn M. , Webster Christopher R. , Chimner Rodney A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAlthough much is known about the physiological capabilities of reed canarygrass (RCG) and the consequences of invasion, less is known about the roles that wetland type and surrounding disturbances play in facilitating the spread of RCG in predominantly forested landscapes. Therefore, the goals of our study were to test if (1) certain wetland types in the Northern Great Lakes region were more susceptible to RCG invasion, (2) certain disturbances facilitated RCG, and (3) the level of road development and the presence or absence of a ditch bordering each observed road influences the frequency of adjacent RCG populations. We randomly selected 28 wetlands within the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community reservation in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. At each wetland, we collected plant community and environmental data and catalogued disturbances. In all, 287 plant species were identified. Cluster analysis revealed 16 distinct vegetation communities, which were distributed among three broader wetland community types: (1) nonforested graminoid, (2) Sphagnum peatlands, and (3) forested wetlands. Occurrence of RCG was most common in the nonforested graminoid communities and was also positively correlated to disturbance. The most frequent disturbances were roads, off-road vehicle trails, and logging activity. Additionally, paved and graded roads, and roads with ditches, were more likely to have RCG alongside them than unpaved dirt roads. Our data suggest that RCG occurrence is controlled by interactions between wetland types and disturbance.
Dexmedetomidine Sedation With and Without Midazolam for Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Smiley Megann K. , Prior Simon R. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Twenty-four patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Intraoperatively, one group received a continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine alone, whereas the other received a continuous dexmedetomidine infusion plus a small dose of midazolam. Early measurements of patient anxiety and psychomotor performance were lower in patients who had received midazolam. This difference was not seen later in the appointment. An amnesic effect was observed in those patients who received midazolam. This effect, however, did not translate into increased patient satisfaction in the group receiving midazolam. Our findings suggest a prolonged discharge time for patients who had been given midazolam that may be clinically significant. Overall, dexmedetomidine showed an unpredictable sedative response and may be less practical than more common alternatives for oral surgery procedures.
Effect of epidural analgesia with opioids on the prevalence of urinary retention in dogs undergoing surgery for cranial cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: Peterson Nathan W. , Buote Nicole J. , Bergman Philip 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether epidural administration of opioids was associated with clinically important urinary retention in dogs undergoing elective orthopedic procedures.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—179 client-owned dogs undergoing elective surgery for cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
Procedures—Medical records of 179 dogs that underwent surgical correction for cranial cruciate rupture between January 2009 and October 2012 were reviewed; 120 received epidural administration of opioids and 59 did not. Signalment, type of procedure, administration of epidural analgesia, time to first postanesthetic urination, and number of urinations during the first 24 hours were evaluated and compared between groups.
Results—Administration of preservative-free morphine into the epidural space was not significantly associated with time to first urination following anesthetic recovery or the total number of urinations within the first 24 hours of anesthetic recovery. Administration of a hydromorphone bolus IV following surgery was significantly associated with urinary retention, compared with administration of either morphine boluses or fentanyl constant rate infusions following surgery. No other variables were significantly associated with urinary retention.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of preservative-free morphine into the epidural space was not associated with clinically important urinary retention in dogs undergoing elective orthopedic procedures. Systemic administration of opioids may be associated with urinary retention.
Endoscopic-guided laser ablation of vestibulovaginal septal remnants in dogs: 36 cases (2007–2011)
Authors: Burdick Stacy , Berent Allyson C. , Weisse Chick , Langston Cathy 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Objective—To describe the technique and evaluate short- and long-term outcomes in female dogs after endoscopic-guided laser ablation (ELA) of various vestibulovaginal septal remnants (VVSRs).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—36 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs with VVSRs that underwent ELA were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent complete cystourethrovaginoscopy for diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopic-guided laser ablation (with a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet or diode laser) was used to transect the vaginal membrane. Patients with intramural ectopic ureters were concurrently treated with ELA of their ectopic ureters. Endoscopy was repeated 6 to 8 weeks after ELA of vaginal remnants in some patients, and the procedure sites were reassessed.
Results—36 female dogs with persistent paramesonephric septal remnants (n = 19), vaginal septa (11), or dual vaginas (6) were included. Twenty-six dogs had urinary incontinence, 2 had recurrent UTIs, and 8 had both. Thirty of 36 (83%) dogs had concurrent ectopic ureters. Endoscopic-guided laser ablation was performed with holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet and diode lasers in 8 and 28 dogs, respectively. Five dogs had mild postoperative dysuria for < 24 hours. One patient developed a complication involving inadvertent laser perforation of the vaginal wall. There were no negative effects from this event, and the perforation was fully healed within 8 weeks. At the time of follow-up, all defects were fully healed with no sign of recurrence in the 18 (50%) patients reevaluated. There was a significant improvement in continence scores and a significantly decreased incidence of UTIs after ELA. The median follow-up time was 34 months (range, 8 to 57 months).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevence—The results of the present study indicated that ELA provided an effective, safe, and minimally invasive treatment option for various VVSRs in dogs, avoiding the need for more invasive surgery.
Outcome for client-owned domestic rabbits undergoing limb amputation: 34 cases (2000–2009)
Authors: Northrup Nicole C. , Barron Grace Heather Wilson , Aldridge Charles F. , Powers Lauren V. , Greenacre Cheryl B. , Hutcheson Jason D. , Morrisey James K. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Objective—To describe morbidity, function, outcome, and owner satisfaction associated with limb amputation in domestic rabbits.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—34 client-owned domestic rabbits.
Procedures—Medical records of domestic rabbits undergoing limb amputation for any cause between 2000 and 2009 were reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival rate and median survival time, and variables were analyzed for relationship to risk of morbidity resulting in euthanasia and to outcome (survival vs nonsurvival [death or euthanasia]). Owners were interviewed to determine satisfaction with outcome of the procedure.
Results—28 rabbits underwent pelvic limb amputation, and 6 underwent thoracic limb amputation. At the last follow-up, 18 rabbits were dead, 9 were alive, and 7 were lost to follow-up. Median overall survival time was 720 days (range, 4 to 3,250 days). Acute and delayed or chronic complications were observed in 22 of 34 and 19 of 32 rabbits, respectively, most commonly difficulty ambulating, hygiene issues, and pododermatitis (cutaneous ulcers at the hock). Six rabbits were euthanized because of complications at a median of 104 days (range, 4 to 399 days) after surgery. Risk of morbidity resulting in euthanasia increased with heavier body weight and concurrent disease affecting ambulation at the time of amputation. Weight, age, and pododermatitis at the time of amputation were significantly negatively associated with survival time. Thirty-one (91%) owners were satisfied with the outcome.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although limb amputation was tolerated by most rabbits and most owners were satisfied, complications resulted in death in 6 of 34 (18%) rabbits, and 19 of 32 (59%) developed chronic complications. Amputation in heavy rabbits or those with concurrent pododermatitis, musculoskeletal disease, or neurologic disease should be considered carefully. Because of the small sample size and retrospective nature of this study, results should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis generating.
Identification and effects of common errors and artifacts on the perceived quality of radiographs
Authors: Nuth Ellie K. , Armbrust Laura J. , Roush James K. , Biller David S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Objective—To identify common errors in film and digital radiographs provided by referring veterinarians and determine the effect of such errors on the perceived diagnostic quality of image sets.
Design—Prospective study.
Sample—135 sets of radiographic images acquired by referring veterinarians for client-owned small animals evaluated at a university hospital.
Procedures—Sets of radiographs were prospectively collected and evaluated for proper performance of various radiographic technical variables including exposure, collimation, positioning, inclusion of all appropriate views, presence of artifacts, radiation safety, and labeling. Sets of radiographs were subjectively determined to be of diagnostic or nondiagnostic quality by 2 evaluators.
Results—The variables exposure, correct positioning, absence of artifacts, and acquisition of all appropriate views were significantly associated with a determination of diagnostic quality for radiograph sets. Correct patient labeling, radiation safety, and x-ray beam centering and collimation were not associated with a determination of diagnostic quality for radiograph sets. The number of categories with errors was significantly associated with identification of radiograph sets as having diagnostic or nondiagnostic quality. Digital radiographs had a significantly lower number of image artifacts and significantly higher frequency of proper labeling versus film radiographs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study suggested the technical variables proper exposure, proper positioning, absence of artifacts, and acquisition of all appropriate views were important for acquisition of sets of radiographs of high diagnostic quality. Identification of these errors and adjustment of radiographic technique to eliminate such errors would aid veterinarians in obtaining radiographs of high diagnostic quality and may reduce misinterpretation.
LMI based fuzzy observer design for Takagi-Sugeno models containing vestigial nonlinear terms
Authors: Krokavec Dušan , Filasová Anna 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with the problem of full order fuzzy observer design for the class of continuous-time nonlinear systems, represented by Takagi-Sugeno models containing vestigial nonlinear terms. On the basis of the Lyapunov stability criterion and the incremental quadratic inequalities, two design conditions for this kind of system model are outlined in the terms of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is given to illustrate the procedure and to validate the performances of the proposed approach.
Reduced order hybrid function projective combination synchronization of three Josephson junctions
Authors: Ojo Kayode. S. , Njah Abdulahi N. , Ogunjo Samuel T. , Olusola Olasunkanmi I. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we examine reduced order hybrid function projective combination synchronization of three chaotic systems consisting of: (i) two third chaotic Josephson junctions as drives and one second order chaotic Josephson junction as response system; (ii) one third order chaotic Josephson junction as the drive and two second order chaotic Josephson junctions as the slaves using active backstepping technique. The analytic results confirm the realization of reduced order hybrid function projective combination synchronization using active backstepping technique. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the analytical results.
On the dimension of the space of ℝ-places of certain rational function fields
Authors: Banakh Taras , Kholyavka Yaroslav , Potyatynyk Oles , Machura Michał , Kuhlmann Katarzyna 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We prove that for every n ∈ ℕ the space M(K(x
1, …, x
n) of ℝ-places of the field K(x
1, …, x
n) of rational functions of n variables with coefficients in a totally Archimedean field K has the topological covering dimension dimM(K(x
1, …, x
n)) ≤ n. For n = 2 the space M(K(x
1, x
2)) has covering and integral dimensions dimM(K(x
1, x
2)) = dimℤ
M(K(x
1, x
2)) = 2 and the cohomological dimension dimG
M(K(x
1, x
2)) = 1 for any Abelian 2-divisible coefficient group G.
Helminths of the Eastern Tree Frog, Hyla orientalis, Bedriaga, 1890 (Anura: Hylidae), collected from Denizli Province, Inner-West Anatolia Region, Turkey
Authors: Düşen S. , Yaka H. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this investigation, Hyla orientalis (eastern tree frog) was collected in different localities from Denizli province (Inner-west Anatolia Region — the eastern part of Aegean Region) Turkey, between 2008 and 2011 and examined for the first time for helminths. Also, this study contains first detailed SEM imaging attempt of the some amphibian helminths from Turkey. Of 17 Hyla orientalis 8 (47.05 %) were infected with one or more helminths. Hyla orientalis harbored one species of Monogenea 1 (Polystoma skrjabini), one species of Digenea (Pleurogenoides medians), three species of nematoda (Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata and Abbreviata sp.), and one species of Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalus ranae). All helminths recorded first time for Hyla orientalis.
Platelet ice attachment to instrument strings beneath the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica
Authors: Craven M. , Warner R.C. , Galton-Fenzi B.K. , Herraiz-Borreguero L. , Vogel S.W. , Allison I. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOceanographic instruments suspended beneath the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, have recorded sporadic pressure decreases of 10–20 dbar over a few days at three sites where basal marine ice growth is expected. We attribute these events to flotation due to platelet ice accretion on the instrument moorings. Some events were transient, rapidly returning to pre-event pressures, probably through dislodgement of loosely attached crystals. Driven by these pressure changes, temperatures recorded by the shallowest instruments (within 20 m of the shelf base) tracked in situ freezing temperatures during the events. These observations provide indirect evidence for the presence of frazil ice in the sub-ice-shelf mixed layer and for active marine ice accretion. At one site we infer that a dense layer of platelet ice ˜1.5 m thick was accreted to the ice shelf over a 50 day period. Following some permanent abrupt pressure decreases (which we interpret as due to the lodgement of the uppermost instrument at the ice-shelf base), altered background trends in pressure suggest compaction rates of 3–4 m a–1 for the accreted basal platelet layer. Attachment of platelet ice and resulting displacement of moorings has ramifications for project design and instrument deployment, and implications for interpretation of oceanographic data from sub-ice-shelf environments.