bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governance en bescherming van banken
Authors: Zaman D.F.M.M. , Portier G.M. , Nijland J. 
Published: October 2014

Governance en bescherming van banken
In deze bijdrage bespreken de auteurs de vraag welke publiek- en privaatrechtelijke mogelijkheden er bestaan om op permanente wijze een bank (of andere financiële instelling) te beschermen tegen beleid dat niet gericht is op het publieke belang. Daarbij worden mogelijke publiek- en privaatrechtelijke instrumenten vergeleken en geplaatst in een nationaal- en Europeesrechtelijk kader. Aangezien publiekrechtelijke instrumenten uit hoofde van de Interventiewet slechts onder bepaalde voorwaarden inzetbaar zijn (dreigende insolventie van de onderneming of instabiliteit van het financieel stelsel) en traditionele beschermingsconstructies slechts kunnen worden ingezet ter voorkoming van vijandige overnames, zien de auteurs mogelijkheden voor het gebruik van aanvullende privaatrechtelijke instrumenten ter stimulering van beleid van banken gericht op het publieke belang.
Gedrag in het prudentieel toezicht
Authors: Wijngaards A.E.H.M. , Khan M.A.A. 
Published: October 2014

Gedrag in het prudentieel toezicht
Het toezicht op gedrag is een onderdeel van het nieuwe, vooruitblikkende toezicht dat DNB sinds de financiële crisis heeft ingericht. Dit artikel bespreekt de rol van het toezicht op gedrag in het prudentieel toezicht van DNB, en de manier waarop DNB hier invulling aan geeft. Ook wordt de juridische basis voor het toezicht op gedrag in nationale en internationale wet- en regelgeving uitgewerkt. Het artikel besluit met een bespreking van de belangrijkste uitdagingen en toekomstige ontwikkelingen voor het toezicht op gedrag.
When Does Ethical Leadership Affect Workplace Incivility? The Moderating Role of Follower Personality
Authors: Taylor Shannon G. , Pattie Marshall W. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT:Although prior work has shown that employees with ethical leaders are less likely to engage in deviant or unethical behaviors, it is unknown whetherallemployees respond this way or to the same extent. Drawing on social learning theory as a conceptual framework, this study develops and tests hypotheses suggesting that two follower characteristics—conscientiousness and core self-evaluation—moderate the negative relationship between ethical leadership and workplace incivility. Data from employees of a U.S. public school district supported our predictions. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
The Free Software Alternative: Freeware, Open Source Software, and Libraries
Authors: Corbly James Edward 
Published: October 2014

<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Abstract: This paper will introduce the reader to the world of freeware and open source software. Following a brief introduction, the author presents an overview of these types of software. Next comes a discussion of licensing issues unique to freeware and open source software, which leads directly to issues of registration. The author then offers several strategies readers can adopt to locate these software packages on the Web. The author then addresses questions regarding the use of freeware and open source software before offering a few closing thoughts.</em></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> </p>
A Candid Look at Collected Works: Challenges of Clustering Aggregates in GLIMIR and FRBR
Authors: Thornburg Gail 
Published: October 2014

<p>Creating descriptions of collected works in ways consistent with clear and precise retrieval has long challenged information professionals. This paper describes problems of creating record clusters for collected works, and distinguishing them from single works: design pitfalls, successes, failures, and future research.</p>
Análisis de la producción científica sobre la pintura rupestre postpaleolítica en España. Arte levantino y pintura esquemática (1907-2010)
Authors: Mateo Saura Miguel Ángel , Gil-Leiva Isidoro , Pulgarín-Guerrero Antonio 
Published: October 2014

El arte rupestre constituye una de las áreas de estudio de la Prehistoria más atractivas debido quizás al hermetismo que nos trasmite aún hoy. Tras un siglo de investigación sobre la pintura rupestre postpaleolítica en España, y cuando la producción científica supera los dos mil registros, se aborda desde parámetros bibliométricos, el análisis de esta producción durante el periodo 1907-2010. Partiendo de una base de datos propia en Acces elaborada durante más de veinte años y que a fecha de 31 de marzo de 2011 contaba con 2.186 registros bibliográficos se aplican técnicas bibliométricas para conocer la distribución temporal, el idioma usado, los estilos de arte rupestre, las tipologías documentales, las temáticas abordadas en los trabajos y el lugar de publicación de los mismos. La producción de documentos se sitúa por debajo de 21,02 trabajos/año hasta 1970, si bien, en los 104 años de investigación analizados, destacan por el elevado número de publicaciones los años 1999 con el 4,5% y 2006 con el 5.1%. En cuanto al idioma de los documentos se distribuyen así, español (88.1%), catalán (4.6%), francés (3,9%), inglés (2%); alemán (1%) y otros idiomas (italiano, portugués o gallego) con el 0,32%. El 35.4% de la producción está dedicada al arte levantino, mientras que la pintura esquemática acapara el 34.8%. En cuanto a la tipología documental, destaca el artículo científico con el 55,2% seguido de comunicaciones a congresos (19.2%), capítulos de libro (11.3%), monografías (9.8%), notas (2,3%), tesis doctorales (1%) y tesinas de licenciatura (0.7%). Las temáticas predominantes tratadas son los yacimientos (34,5%), la cronología (8,8%), la iconografía (7,7%) o la divulgación (5,1%). El 90,6% de la producción científica ha sido editada en España, destacando Zaragoza (13.4%), Madrid (13.3%), Valencia (9.2%) y Murcia (9%). Consideramos que la producción total es baja porque apenas sobrepasa 21 trabajos/año, si bien, en los últimos cincuenta años se alcanzaron tasas de crecimiento por encima del 5%. Debido a que el español es una de las lenguas más hablada en el mundo, sería necesario una mayor internacionalización de la investigación de la pintura rupestre postpaleolítica española superando el marcado localismo e igualmente, se hace necesario una mayor internacionalización de las revistas españolas del sector.
Modeling the effect of rainfall intensity on soil‐water nutrient exchange in flooded rice paddies and implications for nitrate fertilizer runoff to the Oita River in Japan
Authors: Higashino Makoto , Stefan Heinz G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of rainfall intensity on nutrient exchange at the soil‐water interface of rice paddy fields and the implications to nitrate runoff to the Oita River. The Oita River Basin on Kyushu Island in Japan covers 650 km2 of which 11% are used for agriculture (rice). During the monsoon season in June/July, the heavily fertilized paddy fields are flooded and large amounts of NO3‐N are discharged to the Oita River. A model has been developed for the NO3‐N release in the rice paddy fields. The model focuses on the effect of rainfall intensity. It assumes that in addition to increased surface runoff and infiltration, the monsoon rain enhances pore water flow and causes nitrate release from the soil by dynamic pressure fluctuations at the soil/water interface. The magnitude of NO3‐N release from paddy fields is described by the simulated soil/water exchange velocity (W) which increases with rising rainfall intensity and hydraulic conductivity, and is on the order of 10−2 to 10−6 cm/s. When the river flow rises due to precipitation (monsoon), the NO3‐N load rises almost proportionately to the river discharge, and with little delay. Measured unit NO3‐N loads in the Oita River per day and m2 of paddy fields were nearly proportional to precipitation intensity R (R1.042) and so were modeled unit NO3‐N release rates in the paddy fields (R1.095). This result suggests that raindrop‐induced pumping is an important if not crucial process that enhances NO3‐N runoff from rice paddy fields. An implication is that the nutrient loading of surface water bodies may grow as the occurrence of extreme rainfall events increases with climate change.
A two stage Bayesian stochastic optimization model for cascaded hydropower systems considering varying uncertainty of flow forecasts
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhang Chi , Peng Yong , Fu Guangtao , Zhou Huicheng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a new Two Stage Bayesian Stochastic Dynamic Programming (TS‐BSDP) model for real time operation of cascaded hydropower systems to handle varying uncertainty of inflow forecasts from Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts. In this model, the inflow forecasts are considered as having increasing uncertainty with extending lead time, thus the forecast horizon is divided into two periods: the inflows in the first period are assumed to be accurate, and the inflows in the second period assumed to be of high uncertainty. Two operation strategies are developed to derive hydropower operation policies for the first and the entire forecast horizon using TS‐BSDP. In this paper, the newly developed model is tested on China's Hun River cascade hydropower system and is compared with three popular stochastic dynamic programming models. Comparative results show that the TS‐BSDP model exhibits significantly improved system performance in terms of power generation and system reliability due to its explicit and effective utilization of varying degrees of inflow forecast uncertainty. The results also show that the decision strategies should be determined considering the magnitude of uncertainty in inflow forecasts. Further, this study confirms the previous finding that the benefit in hydropower generation gained from the use of a longer horizon of inflow forecasts is diminished due to higher uncertainty and further reveals that the benefit reduction can be substantially mitigated through explicit consideration of varying magnitudes of forecast uncertainties in the decision‐making process.
Relationships between stream nitrate concentration and spatially distributed snowmelt in high‐elevation catchments of the western U.S.
Authors: Perrot Danielle , Molotch Noah P. , Williams Mark W. , Jepsen Steven M. , Sickman James O. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study compares stream nitrate (
) concentrations to spatially distributed snowmelt in two alpine catchments, the Green Lakes Valley, Colorado (GLV4) and Tokopah Basin, California (TOK). A snow water equivalent reconstruction model and Landsat 5 and 7 snow cover data were used to estimate daily snowmelt at 30 m spatial resolution in order to derive indices of new snowmelt areas (NSAs). Estimates of NSA were then used to explain the
flushing behavior for each basin over a 12 year period (1996–2007). To identify the optimal method for defining NSAs and elucidate mechanisms underlying catchment
flushing, we conducted a series of regression analyses using multiple thresholds of snowmelt based on temporal and volumetric metrics. NSA indices defined by volume of snowmelt (e.g., snowmelt ≤ 30 cm) rather than snowmelt duration (e.g., snowmelt ≤ 9 days) were the best predictors of stream
concentrations. The NSA indices were better correlated with stream
concentration in TOK (average R2= 0.68) versus GLV4 (average R2= 0.44). Positive relationships between NSA and stream
concentration were observed in TOK with peak stream
concentration occurring on the rising limb of snowmelt. Positive and negative relationships between NSA and stream
concentration were found in GLV4 with peak stream
concentration occurring as NSA expands. Consistent with previous works, the contrasting
flushing behavior suggests that streamflow in TOK was primarily influenced by overland flow and shallow subsurface flow, whereas GLV4 appeared to be more strongly influenced by deeper subsurface flow paths.
Regionalized global budget of the CO2 exchange at the air‐water interface in continental shelf seas
Authors: Laruelle Goulven G. , Lauerwald Ronny , Pfeil Benjamin , Regnier Pierre 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOver the past decade, estimates of the atmospheric CO2 uptake by continental shelf seas were constrained within the 0.18–0.45 Pg C yr−1 range. However, most of those estimates are based on extrapolations from limited data sets of local flux measurements (n < 100). Here we propose to derive the CO2 air‐sea exchange of the shelf seas by extracting 3 · 106 direct surface ocean CO2 measurements from the global database SOCAT (Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas), atmospheric CO2 values from GlobalVIEW and calculating gas transfer rates using readily available global temperature, salinity, and wind speed fields. We then aggregate our results using a global segmentation of the shelf in 45 units and 152 subunits to establish a consistent regionalized CO2 exchange budget at the global scale. Within each unit, the data density determines the spatial and temporal resolutions at which the air‐sea CO2 fluxes are calculated and range from a 0.5° resolution in the best surveyed regions to a whole unit resolution in areas where data coverage is limited. Our approach also accounts, for the first time, for the partial sea ice cover of polar shelves. Our new regionalized global CO2 sink estimate of 0.19 ± 0.05 Pg C yr−1 falls in the low end of previous estimates. Reported to an ice‐free surface area of 22 · 106 km2, this value yields a flux density of 0.7 mol C m−2 yr−1, ~40% more intense than that of the open ocean. Our results also highlight the significant contribution of Arctic shelves to this global CO2 uptake (0.07 Pg C yr−1).
The surf zone heat budget: The effect of wave heating
Authors: Sinnett Gregory , Feddersen Falk 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSurf zone incident wave energy flux is dissipated by wave breaking which through viscosity generates heat. This effect is not present in shelf heat budgets and has not previously been considered. Pier‐based observations of water temperature in 1–4 m depth, meteorology, and waves are used to test a surf zone heat budget, which closes on diurnal and longer time scales. Wave energy flux is the second most variable term with mean contribution one fourth of the mean short‐wave radiation. The heat budget residual has semidiurnal and higher‐frequency variability and net cooling. Cross‐shore advective heat flux driven by internal wave events, rip currents, and undertow contribute to this residual variability and net cooling. In locations with large waves, steeper beaches, or less solar radiation, the ratio of wave energy flux to short‐wave radiation may be >1.
New lava lake at Nyamuragira volcano revealed by combined ASTER and OMI SO2 measurements
Authors: Campion Robin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report recent satellite measurements of the SO2 emissions from the Virunga Volcanic Group (VVG), which comprises the very active Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo volcanoes. Combining high time resolution data from the UV‐operating OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) with high ground resolution data from the IR‐operating ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer), we show that (1) the SO2 emissions from the VVG have increased severalfold since the end of the last eruption of Nyamuragira. (2) Nyamuragira, which used to have very low intereruptive emissions of SO2 before this eruption, is now contributing to 60 to 90% of the combined emissions measured by OMI. Considering the eruptive history of Nyamuragira, the evidence from previous research for the existence of a shallow magma chamber, and the detection of isolated thermal anomalies since April 2014, we conclude that a deep‐seated lava lake has formed in the N pit of Nyamuragira's caldera.
Satellite nighttime lights reveal increasing human exposure to floods worldwide
Authors: Ceola Serena , Laio Francesco , Montanari Alberto 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRiver floods claim thousands of lives every year, but effective and high‐resolution methods to map human exposure to floods at the global scale are still lacking. We use satellite nightlight data to prove that nocturnal lights close to rivers are consistently related to flood damages. We correlate global data of economic losses caused by flooding events with nighttime lights and find that increasing nightlights are associated to flood damage intensification. Then, we analyze the temporal evolution of nightlights along the river network all over the world from 1992 to 2012 and obtain a global map of nightlight trends, which we associate with increasing human exposure to floods, at 1 km2 resolution. An enhancement of exposure to floods worldwide, particularly in Africa and Asia, is revealed, which may exacerbate the projected effects of climate change on flood‐related losses and therefore argues for the development of valuable flood preparedness and mitigation strategies.
A statistical analysis of heliospheric plasma sheets, heliospheric current sheets, and sector boundaries observed in situ by STEREO
Authors: Liu Y. C.‐M. , Huang J. , Wang C. , Klecker B. , Galvin A. B. , Simunac K. D. C. , Popecki M. A. , Kistler L. , Farrugia C. , Lee M. A. , Kucharek H , Opitz A. , Luhmann J. G. , Jian Lan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe heliocentric orbits of STEREO A and B with a separation in longitude increasing by about 45° per year provide the unique opportunity to study the evolution of the heliospheric plasma sheet (HPS) on a time scale of up to ~2 days and to investigate the relative locations of HPSs and heliospheric current sheets (HCSs). Previous work usually determined the HCS locations based only on the interplanetary magnetic field. A recent study showed that a HCS can be taken as a global structure only when it matches with a sector boundary (SB). Using magnetic field and suprathermal electron data, it was also shown that the relative location of HCS and SB can be classified into five different types of configurations. However, only for two out of these five configurations, the HCS and SB are located at the same position and only these will therefore be used for our study of the HCS/HPS relative location. We find that out of 37 SBs in our data set, there are 10 suitable HPS/HCS event pairs. We find that an HPS can either straddle or border the related HCS. Comparing the corresponding HPS observations between STEREO A and B, we find that the relative HCS/HPS locations are mostly similar. In addition, the time difference of the HPSs observations between STEREO A and B match well with the predicted time delay for the solar wind coming out of a similar region of the Sun. We therefore conclude that HPSs are stationary structures originating at the Sun.
A methodology for near‐field tsunami inundation forecasting: Application to the 2011 Tohoku tsunami
Authors: Gusman Aditya Riadi , Tanioka Yuichiro , MacInnes Breanyn T. , Tsushima Hiroaki 
Published: October 2014

AbstractExisting tsunami early warning systems in the world can give either one or a combination of estimated tsunami arrival times, heights, or qualitative tsunami forecasts before the tsunami hits near‐field coastlines. A future tsunami early warning system should be able to provide a reliable near‐field tsunami inundation forecast on high‐resolution topography within a short time period. Here we describe a new methodology for near‐field tsunami inundation forecasting. In this method, a precomputed tsunami inundation and precomputed tsunami waveform database is required. After information about a tsunami source is estimated, tsunami waveforms at nearshore points can be simulated in real time. A scenario that gives the most similar tsunami waveforms is selected as the site‐specific best scenario and the tsunami inundation from that scenario is selected as the tsunami inundation forecast. To test the algorithm, tsunami inundation along the Sanriku Coast is forecasted by using source models for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake estimated from GPS, W phase, or offshore tsunami waveform data. The forecasting algorithm is capable of providing a tsunami inundation forecast that is similar to that obtained by numerical forward modeling but with remarkably smaller CPU time. The time required to forecast tsunami inundation in coastal sites from the Sendai Plain to Miyako City is approximately 3 min after information about the tsunami source is obtained. We found that the tsunami inundation forecasts from the 5 min GPS, 5 min W phase, 10 min W phase fault models, and 35 min tsunami source model are all reliable for tsunami early warning purposes and quantitatively match the observations well, although the latter model gives tsunami forecasts with highest overall accuracy. The required times to obtain tsunami forecast from the above four models are 8 min, 9 min, 14 min, and 39 min after the earthquake, respectively, or in other words 3 min after receiving the source model. This method can be useful in developing future tsunami forecasting systems with a capability of providing tsunami inundation forecasts for locations near the tsunami source area.
Hygroscopic behavior of water‐soluble matter extracted from biomass burning aerosols collected at a rural site in Tanzania, East Africa
Authors: Boreddy S. K. R. , Kawamura Kimitaka , Mkoma Stelyus , Fu Pingqing 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this study, we present the hygroscopic behavior of water‐soluble matter (WSM) extracted from biomass burning derived particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) aerosols collected at a rural background site in Tanzania during June–August 2011. Hygroscopic growth factors,g(RH), of WSM were measured by hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (H‐TDMA) with an initial dry particle diameter of 100 nm. We observed that theg(RH) of WSM at 90% relative humidity (RH),g(90%)WSM, ranged from 1.10 to 1.47 with an average of 1.25 ± 0.12. The H‐TDMA retrieved hygroscopicity parameter of WSM,κWSM, ranged from 0.04 to 0.24 with a mean of 0.11 ± 0.07. We found that the observedg(90%)WSMis positively correlated with PM2.5mass fractions of K+(R2 = 0.61), Cl−(0.54), and organic carbon (0.58). Moreover, it well correlates with levoglucosan (0.67) and total diacids (0.76), implying that although the inorganic fraction may be the most important factor to control the hygroscopicity; biomass burning organics play a significant role in the hygroscopicity of Tanzanian aerosols. The lower growth factors obtained over the sampling site are probably due to the formation of less water‐soluble potassium oxalate (K2C2O4) or less hygroscopic K2SO4particles during atmospheric aging. We observed a moderate correlation (R2 = 0.33) between PM2.5mass fraction of WSOC andg(90%)WSM. The retrievedg(90%)WSOMvalues ranged from 1.0 to 1.25 with a mean of 1.16 ± 0.05. This study demonstrates that the hygroscopicity of Tanzanian aerosols is largely controlled by the emission of biomass burning products and the subsequent chemical aging during atmospheric transport.