bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Radiofrequency versus sham surgery of the soft palate on daytime sleepiness
Authors: Holmlund Thorbjorn , Levring‐Jäghagen Eva , Franklin Karl A. , Lindkvist Marie , Berggren Diana 
Published: January 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the effect of radiofrequency surgery of the soft palate on daytime sleepiness in snoring men with mild or no sleep apnea.Study DesignRandomized controlled trial.MethodsThirty‐five men were recruited from consecutive patients referred to the Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic due to snoring and complaints of daytime sleepiness. The inclusion criteria were an apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) of ≤ 15, male gender, and age 18 to 65 years. Patients were randomized to either radiofrequency or sham surgery of the soft palate. All but one chose and received the option of three treatments. All patients participated in a follow‐up, including an overnight sleep apnea recording and questionnaires 12 months after the last treatment. The primary outcome was daytime sleepiness measured with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and other questionnaires. Secondary outcomes were effects on the AHI and subjective snoring.ResultsThirty‐two of 35 patients—19 of 20 patients in the radiofrequency surgery group and 13 of 15 patients in the sham surgery group—completed the study. No differences between the two groups in relation to the ESS or AHI were found at follow‐up.ConclusionRadiofrequency surgery of the soft palate has no effect on daytime sleepiness, snoring, or apnea frequency in snoring men with mild or no sleep apnea 1 year after surgery.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope 124:2422–2426, 2014
Enduring to Gain New Perspective: A Grounded Theory Study of the Experience of Perinatal Bereavement in Black Adolescents
Authors: Fenstermacher Kimberly H. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBlack adolescents in the US experience perinatal loss at a higher rate than other races and ethnicities. The experience of eight Black urban adolescents through the first 3 months after perinatal loss was studied using grounded theory. The process of “enduring to gain new perspective” began with “denying and hesitating” when surprised by unplanned pregnancy but led to “getting ready for this whole new life,” followed by shock of “suffering through the loss,” “all that pain for nothing,” and “mixed emotions going everywhere.” Over time, the adolescents began “reaching out for support” and eventually “preserving the memory and maintaining relationship,” “searching for meaning and asking why,” and “gaining new perspective on life.” Parallels are noted to extant bereavement theory. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Cost‐effectiveness of Alternative Empiric Antimicrobial Treatment Options for Suspected Enterococcal Bacteremia
Authors: McComb Meghan N. , Collins Curtis D. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesEnterococcus species are the fourth leading cause of bacteremia. Resistance rates are rising and delays in appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy have been associated with increased mortality. Empiric treatment of patients with suspected enterococcal bacteremia varies and significant cost differences exist between alternatives. The objective of this study was to determine the cost‐effectiveness of various empiric treatments for patients with suspected enterococcal bacteremia.MethodsA decision‐analytic model was constructed from the hospital perspective to assess the cost‐effectiveness of alternative empiric treatment options for enterococcal bacteremia, including antimicrobials active against vancomycin‐resistant enterococcus (VRE). The model was populated from available literature sources and included resistance patterns, associated mortality with early versus delayed effective treatment, and the cost of treatment. Univariate sensitivity analyses tested the robustness of the model to determine the degree to which model uncertainties influenced outcomes. We also undertook a probabilistic sensitivity analysis varying parameters in 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations.Main ResultsThe incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was $791 and $749/quality‐adjusted‐life‐year utilizing empiric daptomycin and linezolid, respectively. The model also predicted an incremental cost/life saved of $11,703 by utilizing empiric daptomycin and $11,084 with linezolid utilization. Ampicillin was dominated (i.e., less effective and associated with increased costs) by both VRE‐active agents and vancomycin. A probabilistic Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis showed that an agent with VRE activity had a 100% chance of being cost‐effective at traditionally used willingness‐to‐pay thresholds. The decision‐analytic model was sensitive to variations in E. faecium mortality and short‐term postdischarge survival rates.ConclusionResults of our model showed that empiric utilization of an antimicrobial with activity against VRE may be a cost‐effective option for the treatment of suspected enterococcal bacteremia when compared with vancomycin or β‐lactam therapy.
Analysis of Potential Drug‐Drug Interactions in Medical Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Uijtendaal Esther V. , van Harssel Lieke L. M. , Hugenholtz Gerard W. K. , Kuck Emile M. , Zwart‐van Rijkom Jeannette E. F. , Cremer Olaf L. , Egberts Toine C. G. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo describe the frequency and type of potential drug‐drug interactions (pDDIs) in a general intensive care unit (ICU) and to make recommendations to improve the management of these pDDIs.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingGeneral ICU of a tertiary care hospital.SubjectsAll patients admitted for more than 24 hours between May 2009 and December 2010 who were prescribed at least one medication.Measurement and Main ResultsBased on the G‐Standaard, the Dutch national drug database, pDDIs were identified and classified into categories of potential clinical outcome and management advice. In total, 35,784 medication episodes were identified, resulting in 2887 pDDIs (8.1%). These 2887 pDDIs occurred in 1659 patients for a mean frequency of 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6–1.9) pDDIs per patient. Overall, 54% of the patients experienced at least one pDDI with pDDIs present during 27% of all ICU admission days. All pDDIs could be reconstructed using 81 of the 358 (23%) relevant unique pDDI pairs described in the G‐Standaard. The most frequently occurring potential clinical consequence was an increased risk of side effects or toxicity (91% of the pDDIs) such as electrolyte disturbances and masking of hypoglycemia. The most important advised management strategy was monitoring (81%), consisting of monitoring of laboratory values (52%), clinical monitoring of toxicity or effectiveness (48%), or monitoring of physical parameters such as electrocardiogram and blood pressure (11%).ConclusionPotential drug‐drug interactions occur in 54% of all ICU patients, which is two times more than the rate seen in patients on general wards. A limited set of 20 pDDI pairs is responsible for more than 90% of all pDDIs. Therefore, it is worthwhile to develop guidelines for the management of these specific pDDIs. As the vast majority of the interactions can be managed by monitoring, advanced clinical decision support systems linking laboratory data to prescription data may be an effective risk management strategy.
A comparison between thin film solar cells made from co‐evaporated CuIn1‐xGaxSe2 using a one‐stage process versus a three‐stage process
Authors: Salomé Pedro M.P. , Fjällström Viktor , Szaniawski Piotr , Leitão Joaquim P. , Hultqvist Adam , Fernandes Paulo A. , Teixeira Jennifer P. , Falcão Bruno P. , Zimmermann Uwe , da Cunha António F. , Edoff Marika 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUntil this day, the most efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells have been prepared using a rather complex growth process often referred to as three‐stage or multistage. This family of processes is mainly characterized by a first step deposited with only In, Ga and Se flux to form a first layer. Cu is added in a second step until the film becomes slightly Cu‐rich, where‐after the film is converted to its final Cu‐poor composition by a third stage, again with no or very little addition of Cu. In this paper, a comparison between solar cells prepared with the three‐stage process and a one‐stage/in‐line process with the same composition, thickness, and solar cell stack is made. The one‐stage process is easier to be used in an industrial scale and do not have Cu‐rich transitions. The samples were analyzed using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, current–voltage‐temperature, capacitance‐voltage, external quantum efficiency, transmission/reflection, and photoluminescence. It was concluded that in spite of differences in the texturing, morphology and Ga gradient, the electrical performance of the two types of samples is quite similar as demonstrated by the similar J–V behavior, quantum spectral response, and the estimated recombination losses. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Highly Efficient Automated Flow Injection Method for Rapid Determination of Free Fatty Acid Content in Corn Oils
Authors: Ayyildiz H. Filiz , Kara Huseyin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn the present study, a new flow injection (FI) methodology for determination of free fatty acid (FFA) content in corn oil samples is proposed. The proposed method is based on monitoring the absorbance changes at 580 nm, λmax, as a result of neutralization of FFA in oil samples by KOH in the reagent. The analyses were performed with a single‐line FI manifold system created by modification of high performance liquid chromatography. The main parameters, such as sample and reagent volumes, reaction coil, reagent concentration and temperature were all optimized. With the newly developed sampling strategy, the oil sample and reagent at micro level were directly injected together without any pre‐treatment. The proposed flow injection analysis method was validated statistically and it was found to be linear (between 0.09 and 1.50 FFA %), accurate (recovery 87.19–122.22 %), and precise (relative standard deviation <1 % for both intra‐day and inter‐day precision). The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 7.41 × 10−3 and 2.24 × 10−2 oleic acid %, respectively. The results were also compared with those obtained by the American Oil Chemists Society (Ca‐5a‐40) method using statistical t and F tests, and a significant difference was not observed between the methods at the 95 % confidence level. These results strongly suggest that this method is suitable for automated routine analysis of FFA in edible oils due to its simplicity, reliability, speed, and economy of solvents and sample.
Regulation and disruption of hamster sperm hyperactivation by progesterone, 17β‐estradiol and diethylstilbestrol
Authors: Fujinoki Masakatsu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeHyperactivation of hamster sperm is dose‐dependently enhanced by progesterone (P) and 17β‐estradiol (E). In the first part of the present study, enhancement of hyperactivation in response to the concentrations of P and E was examined in detail and in the second part, it was examined whether enhancement of hyperactivation by P and E was disrupted by diethylstilbestrol (DES).MethodsHamster spermatozoa were hyperactivated by incubation in modified Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate medium with P, E and/or DES. After spermatozoa were recorded using a video‐microscope, observations were quantified by manually counting the numbers of total, motile and hyperactivated spermatozoa.ResultsHyperactivation was enhanced in response to the concentrations of P and E. When spermatozoa were exposed to DES with E, moreover, DES significantly and strongly suppressed P‐enhanced hyperactivation by accelerating the effect of E, but DES itself only weakly suppressed P‐enhanced hyperactivation.ConclusionsEnhancement of hyperactivation was regulated by the concentrations of P and E, suggesting that in vivo hamster spermatozoa are hyperactivated through “monitoring” these concentrations in the oviduct. DES in combination with E suppressed P‐enhanced hyperactivation, suggesting that DES significantly disrupts hyperactivation by acting as an accelerator of the effect of E.
Hostile, aggressive family conflict trajectories during the transition to adulthood: Associations with adolescent Big Five and emerging adulthood adjustment problems
Authors: Castellani Valeria , Pastorelli Concetta , Eisenberg Nancy , Gerbino Maria , Di Giunta Laura , Ceravolo Rosalba , Milioni Michela 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe goal of this longitudinal study was to investigate the relation of adolescents' Big Five factor (BFF) personality to the development of different patterns of mother–adolescent hostile, aggressive conflict (MHAC) from late adolescence to young adulthood. Furthermore, we examined the prediction of Antisocial Problems (AP) and Depressive Problems (DP) in emerging adulthood from BFF and MHAC trajectories. 385 adolescents participated in this study (age 15–16 at Time 1 and 21–22 at Time 4). Using latent growth curve analysis, Low stable (69.1%), Medium Increasing, (23.3%), and High decreasing (7.6%) trajectories were distinguished. Low adolescents' emotional stability was directly related to AP and indirectly related to DP, throughout the mediation of both Medium Increasing and High Decreasing trajectories. Agreeableness was directly negatively related to DP and indirectly throughout the mediation of High Decreasing trajectory. Low Conscientiousness was indirectly related to DP, throughout the mediation of Medium Increasing trajectory.385 adolescents participated in this study (age 15–16 at Time 1 and 21–22 at Time 4). Using latent growth curve analysis, Low stable (69.1%), Medium Increasing, (23.3%), and High decreasing (7.6%) trajectories were distinguished. Low adolescents' emotional stability was directly related to AP and indirectly related to DP, throughout the mediation of both Medium Increasing and High Decreasing trajectories. Agreeableness was directly negatively related to DP and indirectly throughout the mediation of High Decreasing trajectory. Low Conscientiousness was indirectly related to DP, throughout the mediation of Medium Increasing trajectory.
Teachers and the religious socialization of adolescents: Facilitation of meaningful religious identity formation processes
Authors: Cohen‐Malayev Maya , Schachter Elli P. , Rich Yisrael 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of religious education on student religious identity over and above parent religiosity by examining student perceptions of two aspects of teacher functioning: teacher caring and teacher as role‐model. We posited that effects of these variables on students' religious identity are mediated by student perceptions that the school provides a non‐alienating religious atmosphere and meaningful religious studies. Participants were 2691 male and female students (grades 9–12) in 152 classes of 25 schools from the Jewish public‐religious sector in Israel. Results indicate that in addition to their parents' religiosity, adolescents' perceptions of their teachers as role models and their religious studies as meaningful are important variables affecting their religious identity. Moreover, this research suggests that religious identity formation processes flourish in an educational environment which students perceive as accommodating religious exploration.
Suizidprävention
Authors: Lukaschek Karoline 
Published: January 2014

Einleitung
Der Suizid ist die häufigste nicht-natürliche Todesursache. Die Suizidrate ist bei Männern dreimal so hoch wie bei Frauen. Insgesamt steigt die Suizidrate mit dem Alter an. Die Wahl der Suizidmethode hängt von psychosozialen und biologischen Faktoren sowie von Umwelteinflüssen ab. Eine besonders „harte“ Suizidmethode ist der Bahnsuizid. Täglich nehmen sich etwa drei Menschen auf den Gleisen das Leben. Obwohl jeder Bahnsuizid eine individuelle Entscheidung ist, lassen sich Muster suizidalen Verhaltens identifizieren, die eine Basis für Präventionsansätze liefern.
Seelische Gesundheit und Erwerbslosigkeit
Authors: Mühlpfordt Susann 
Published: January 2014

Einleitung
Metaanalysen belegen stärkere psychische Beeinträchtigungen bei Erwerbslosen im Vergleich zu Erwerbstätigen (McKee-Ryan et al., 2005; Murphy und Athanasou, 1999; Paul und Moser, 2009a). Zwei Wirkrichtungen konnten nachgewiesen werden: Zum einen erschweren gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen aufgrund von Selektionseffekten den beruflichen (Wieder-)Einstieg, zum anderen verursacht Erwerbslosigkeit psychische Beschwerden (Kausalitätseffekte), wobei die verursachenden Effekte stärker ausfallen.
Arbeitsmedizinische Aspekte seelischer Gesundheit
Authors: Raske Heinz-Werner , Sende Katharina 
Published: January 2014

Einleitung
Berufliche oder private Stressoren wirken sich erheblich auf die Arbeitsfähigkeit aus und werden oft auch im Rahmen arbeitsmedizinischer Untersuchungen deutlich. Der Anspruch ist es nicht, Arbeitsmediziner zu psychologischem Fachpersonal weiterzubilden. Eher soll der Blick für psychische Fehlbeanspruchungen und deren Folgen geschärft und die Zusammenarbeit im multiprofessionellen Team gefördert werden; so dass Fehlbelastungen erkannt werden und der betroffene Mitarbeiter weitervermittelt wird.
Über- und Unterforderung am Arbeitsplatz: Burn- und Boreout
Authors: Scherenberg Viviane 
Published: January 2014

Einleitung
Die Popularität des Begriffs Burnout birgt die Gefahr der eindimensionalen Ursachenbetrachtung psychischer Erkrankungen. Indes können Über- sowie Unterforderungen durch monotone und zunehmend standardisierte Arbeitsabläufe in Industriegesellschaften zu psychischen Erschöpfungszuständen führen.
Novel Approach to the Diagnosis of Fractures in an Austere Environment Using a Stethoscope and a Cellular Phone
Authors: Matzek Brett A. , Fivecoat Phillip T. , Ritz Reis B. 
Published: January 2014

Background Fracture diagnosis in the austere environment where radiographic tests are not available can be a challenge. In the past, a diagnostic technique has been described using a tuning fork and stethoscope to assess decreased sound conduction in the fractured extremity. In this study, we evaluate the use of a cellular phone’s vibrate function and a stethoscope to limit equipment carried by expeditionary practitioners. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of fracture diagnosis using a cellular phone and stethoscope. Methods This is a pilot study to assess the usefulness of the above technique before clinical implementation. In 3 cadavers, we created fractures of the humerus and femur. Twenty-seven emergency medicine residents and an attending physician performed the diagnostic technique. Results Overall, the use of the cellular phone and stethoscope resulted in a sensitivity of 73% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64 to 0.81) and a specificity of 83% (95% CI: 0.77 to 0.88), with a positive predicted value of 68% (95% CI: 0.59 to 0.77) and a negative predicted value of 86% (95% CI: 0.81 to 0.90). Positive likelihood ratio was 4.3, and negative likelihood ratio was 0.32. Conclusions The use of a cellular phone and stethoscope may be a useful tool for the diagnosis of fractures in the austere environment. However, further study is needed to validate these findings in the clinical environment.
Trace-element variations in an annually layered stalagmite as recorders of climatic changes and anthropogenic pollution in Central China
Authors: Tan Liangcheng , Shen Chuan-Chou , Cai Yanjun , Lo Li , Cheng Hai , An Zhisheng 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe analyzed variations in the Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, REE/Ca (REE: rare earth element), Zn/Ca, and Pb/Ca ratios preserved in an annually layered stalagmite, XL21, from central China. The stalagmite record spans the 95 year period AD 1914–2008. The Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios have a significant positive correlation with the stalagmite's growth rate, suggesting that they were primarily controlled by growth-rate variations. Variations in REE/Ca ratios are consistent with local temperature changes, suggesting temperature influenced REE concentrations in the stalagmite over decadal to annual timescales. Higher temperature in this humid area can increase vegetation cover, microbial activity, and organic decomposition in the soil, resulting in enhanced pCO2, organic matter concentration and reduced pH, and consequently increased REE mobilization from the overlying soil layer and host rock. Higher temperatures may also increase the natural Zn mobilization from the overlying soil mediated by organic matter and consequently may have led to increased Zn retention in XL21. An increasing trend is seen in the Pb/Ca ratios from XL21 since 1985, which is consistent with increased lead production in this area, and indicates an increase in mine-derived lead pollution in the local environment over the past 30 years.
Efficient denoising algorithms for large experimental datasets and their applications in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Chiron Lionel , van Agthoven Maria A. , Kieffer Bruno , Rolando Christian , Delsuc Marc-André 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Every measurement is corrupted due to random fluctuations in the sample and the apparatus. Current efficient denoising algorithms require large matrix analysis, and become untractable even for moderately large datasets. Any series can be considered as an operator that modifies any input vector. By applying this operator on a series of random vectors and thus reducing the dimension of the data, it is possible, using simple algebra, to reduce noise in a robust manner. Furthermore, the structure of the underlying matrices allows a very fast and memory-efficient implementation. Counterintuitively, randomness is used here to reduce noise. This procedure, called urQRd (uncoiled random QR denoising), allows denoising to be applied to data of virtually unlimited size.
Copper–sulfenate complex from oxidation of a cavity mutant ofPseudomonas aeruginosaazurin
Authors: Sieracki Nathan A. , Tian Shiliang , Hadt Ryan G. , Zhang Jun-Long , Woertink Julia S. , Nilges Mark J. , Sun Furong , Solomon Edward I. , Lu Yi 
Published: January 2014

SignificancePosttranslational modification of cysteinyl thiolate to sulfenate has been found to play important roles in biology, such as redox signaling, and enzyme and gene regulation. Nitrile hydratase and thiocyanate hydrolase with cobalt and iron cofactors are the few known metalloenzymes requiring sulfenate coordination for reactivity. No other metal ions have been found to stably bind sulfenate in a biological context. Here we report a copper–sulfenate complex characterized in a protein environment, formed at the active site of a cavity mutant ofPseudomonas aeruginosaazurin. Computational studies strongly suggest that noncovalent interactions in the secondary coordination sphere are critical in stabilizing this species.
The microbial metabolite butyrate regulates intestinal macrophage function via histone deacetylase inhibition
Authors: Chang Pamela V. , Hao Liming , Offermanns Stefan , Medzhitov Ruslan 
Published: January 2014

Significance
The mammalian intestines contain an enormous number of microorganisms within the lumen. Given the constant exposure to these microbes, the intestinal immune system has the difficult task of maintaining tolerance to commensal bacteria while remaining responsive to potential pathogens. The mechanisms by which this balance is achieved are relatively unknown. Here, we identify a bacterial metabolite, n-butyrate, that exerts immunomodulatory effects on intestinal macrophages and renders them hyporesponsive to commensals that reside in the colon. Our studies elucidate a possible mechanism that contributes to immune homeostasis in the intestines.