bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les TIC motivent-elles les élèves du secondaire à écrire?
Authors: Grégoire Pascal , Karsenti Thierry 
Published: April 2013

Dès le début du secondaire, la motivation des élèves québécois chute (Chouinard, 2007). On sait, par ailleurs, que la motivation à écrire compte parmi les plus importants déterminants de la compétence scripturale (Hayes, 1995). Puisque les logiciels utilitaires comme le traitement de texte sont associés à un plus grand sentiment d’autoefficacité (Newhouse, 2002), le fait d’avoir recours aux TIC pour développer la compétence à écrire permettrait-il de renverser cette tendance? Pour répondre à cette question de recherche, nous avons élaboré une méthodologie fondée sur la théorie de l’autodétermination de Deci et Ryan (2002). Nous avons rencontré 264 élèves d’une école secondaire de la banlieue de Montréal. Au début de la recherche, tous ont rédigé une production à la main. Par la suite, le mode de rédaction a été différencié : alors que les sujets des groupes témoins ont rédigé deux textes à la main, ceux des groupes quasi expérimentaux ont produit deux textes à l’ordinateur. Au début et à la fin du projet de recherche, tous ont dû remplir une échelle de motivation, l’Échelle de motivation à écrire en français, adaptée de l’Échelle de motivation à employer les TIC en enseignement. Des entrevues de groupe semi-dirigées ont été menées pour illustrer les tendances émanant des analyses quantitatives. L’analyse quantitative des données provoquées permet de tracer un portrait dichotomique; alors que les scripteurs technologiques tendent à être motivés intrinsèquement avant même d’utiliser les TIC, les scripteurs traditionnels sont plus fortement amotivés. L’analyse d’entrevues de groupe a confirmé cet état de fait.
Impact des TIC sur le sentiment de compétence professionnelle des enseignants du secondaire au Niger
Authors: Coulibaly Modibo , Karsenti Thierry , Gervais Colette , Lepage Michel 
Published: April 2013

L’article traite de l’impact de la formation aux TIC sur le sentiment de compétence professionnelle des enseignants du secondaire au Niger. La présente étude s’avère singulièrement décisive dans le contexte nigérien où les TIC sont perçues comme un facteur pouvant améliorer la qualité de l’enseignement dans les lycées. Toutefois, il appert que la faible compétence technopédagogique des enseignants ne leur permet pas d’intégrer les TIC à leur pratique. Pour réaliser notre recherche, nous avons mené une enquête par questionnaire auprès de 69 personnes représentant l’ensemble des enseignants de trois lycées de Niamey.
Les résultats distinguent de manière significative le sentiment de compétence personnelle des enseignants formés aux TIC de celui des enseignants non formés. La différence entre les moyennes de sentiment de compétence générale des deux groupes n’est cependant pas significative.
Humidity‐Sensitive Polypyrrole Films for Electro‐Active Polymer Actuators
Authors: Okuzaki Hidenori , Kuwabara Takayoshi , Funasaka Keiichi , Saido Tomooki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractElectrochemically synthesized polypyrrole (PPy) films undergo rapid and intensive bending in response to sorption of water vapor, which is applied to a new type of motor capable of transducing chemical free energy change of sorption directly into mechanical work. Furthermore, the PPy film contracts in air under an electric field, which is associated with desorption of water vapor due to Joule heating. This paper features an overview of our comprehensive study on the humidity‐sensitive PPy films and applications to electro‐active polymer actuators. Upon application of 3 V, the film generates contractile stress of 9.8 MPa which is 4 orders of magnitude larger than the gram‐force of its own weight (7.6 mgf) and is nearly 30 times that of skeletal muscle in animals (0.35 MPa). The work capacity increases with the applied voltage and reaches 48 kJ m−3 at 3 V, while the degree of contraction is about 1%. The ‘origami’ actuator fabricated by folding the PPy film exhibits a significant expansion as large as 147% at 2 V, which lies in the electrically induced changes in the elastic modulus of the humidity‐sensitive PPy film. Utilizing the origami technique, a biomorphic origami robot is fabricated, which can move with a caterpillar‐like motion by repeated expansion and contraction at a velocity of 2 cm min−1.
Flexible Nonvolatile Transistor Memory Devices Based on One‐Dimensional Electrospun P3HT:Au Hybrid Nanofibers
Authors: Chang Hsuan‐Chun , Liu Cheng‐Liang , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA novel flexible nonvolatile flash transistor memory devices on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate using 1D electrospun nanofiber of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) hybrid as the channel is presented. The Au NPs are functionalized with self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of para‐substituted amino (Au‐NH2), methyl (Au‐CH3) or trifluoromethyl (Au‐CF3) tail groups on the benzenethiol moiety. They are employed as localized charge traps across the nanofiber channel and program/erase the device towards low conductance (OFF)/high conductance (ON) states under the applied electrical field. With the low operation voltage of ±5 V, the hybrid nanofiber transistor memories exhibit a 3.5–10.6 V threshold voltage shifting and at least 104 s data retention, with a minimum effect on ≈100 programmed/erased stress endurances. The dipoles of the SAM probably modify the work function of the Au NPs associated with the P3HT nanofiber channel and manifest the degree of negative threshold voltage shifting in an order of Au‐NH2 > Au‐CH3 > Au‐CF3. The devices remain reliable and stable even under the bending conditions (radius: 5–30 mm) or 1000 repetitive bending cycles. The hybrid nanofiber can be used to obtain high‐performance digital nanoscale memories for flexible high density data storage devices.
Sensitization of Er3+ Infrared Photoluminescence Embedded in a Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Copolymer containing Octahedral Molybdenum Clusters
Authors: Molard Yann , Labbé Christophe , Cardin Julien , Cordier Stéphane 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLuminescent hybrid copolymers are obtained by copolymerizing in bulk methylmethacrylate with a methacrylic acid (MAC) solution containing [n‐Bu4N]2[Mo6Br8(MAC)6], and aliquots of an Er(TMHD)3 complex (TMHD for 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedione) solution. This leads to novel homogeneous and transparent hybrid materials in which the Er3+ infrared luminescence at 1.55 μm, a standard wavelength for telecommunication applications, is up to six time more intense in the presence of Mo6 clusters when samples are irradiated at 476.5 nm. This work demonstrates the outstanding potential of Mo6 clusters, compounds obtained by high‐temperature solid‐state synthesis, in the design of functional hybrid materials via soft chemistry routes.
Advertising Soft Drinks to Children: Are Voluntary Restrictions Effective?
Authors: Berning Joshua , McCullough Michael 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTUsing nonlinear time series models, the authors explore the effects of an industry‐led initiative to have firms voluntarily restrict television advertising of carbonated soft drinks to children. They find that the market leader reduces its advertising to both adults and children and the second largest firm reduces advertising to adults. Advertising by a nonparticipating firm, however, increased for adults following the ban. The results emphasize the potential benefits and difficulty of coordinating cooperative behavior in this type of industry. Such policy strategies may be more effective directed at industries and not at individual firms.
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: 2013 update on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
Authors: Gertz Morie A. 
Published: April 2013

Disease OverviewImmunoglobulin (Ig) light chain amyloidosis is a clonal, nonproliferative plasma cell disorder in which fragments of Ig light chain are deposited in tissues. Clinical features depend on organs involved but can include restrictive cardiomyopathy, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic failure, peripheral/autonomic neuropathy, and atypical multiple myeloma.DiagnosisTissue biopsy stained with Congo red demonstrating amyloid deposits with apple‐green birefringence is required for diagnosis. Invasive organ biopsy is not required because amyloid deposits can be found in bone marrow biopsy or subcutaneous fat aspirate in 85% of patients. Verification that amyloid is of immunoglobulin origin is mandatory.PrognosisN‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), serum troponin T, and immunoglobulin free light chain values are used to classify patients into four groups of similar size; median survivals are 94.1, 40.3, 14.0, and 5.8 months.TherapyAll patients with a visceral amyloid syndrome require therapy to prevent deposition of amyloid in other viscera and prevent progressive organ failure of involved sites. Stem cell transplant (SCT) is preferred, but only 20% of patients are eligible. Requirements for safe SCT include NT‐proBNP <5,000 ng/mL, troponin T < 0.06 ng/mL, age <70 years, <3 organs involved, and serum creatinine ≤1.7 mg/dL. Nontransplant candidates can be offered melphalan‐dexamethasone. Pomalidomide appears to have activity, as do other combinations of chemotherapy with agents such as cyclophosphamide‐thalidomide (or lenalidomide or bortezomib)‐dexamethasone, bortezomib‐dexamethasone, and melphalan‐prednisone‐lenalidomide.Future ChallengesLate diagnosis remains a major obstacle to initiating effective therapy when organ dysfunction is still recoverable. Recognizing the presenting syndromes is necessary for improving survival. Am. J. Hematol. 88:417–425, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenotypic Spectrum of Simpson–Golabi–Behmel Syndrome in a Series of 42 Cases With a Mutation in GPC3 and Review of the Literature
Authors: COTTEREAU EDOUARD , MORTEMOUSQUE ISABELLE , MOIZARD MARIE‐PIERRE , BÜRGLEN LYDIE , LACOMBE DIDIER , GILBERT‐DUSSARDIER BRIGITTE , SIGAUDY SABINE , BOUTE ODILE , DAVID ALBERT , FAIVRE LAURENCE , AMIEL JEANNE , ROBERTSON ROBERT , VIANA RAMOS FABIANA , BIETH ERIC , ODENT SYLVIE , DEMEER BÉNÉDICTE , MATHIEU MICHÉLE , GAILLARD DOMINIQUE , VAN MALDERGEM LIONEL , BAUJAT GENEVIÉVE , MAYSTADT ISABELLE , HÉRON DELPHINE , VERLOES ALAIN , PHILIP NICOLE , CORMIER‐DAIRE VALÉRIE , FROUTÉ MARIE‐FRANÇOISE , PINSON LUCILE , BLANCHET PATRICIA , SARDA PIERRE , WILLEMS MARJOLAINE , JACQUINET ADELINE , RATBI ILHAM , VAN DEN ENDE JENNEKE , LACKMY‐PORT LIS MARYLIN , GOLDENBERG ALICE , BONNEAU DOMINIQUE , ROSSIGNOL SYLVIE , TOUTAIN ANNICK 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSimpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is a rare X‐linked multiple congenital abnormality/intellectual disability syndrome characterized by pre‐ and post‐natal overgrowth, distinctive craniofacial features, macrocephaly, variable congenital malformations, organomegaly, increased risk of tumor and mild/moderate intellectual deficiency. In 1996, Glypican 3 (GPC3) was identified as the major gene causing SGBS but the mutation detection rate was only 28–70%, suggesting either genetic heterogeneity or that some patients could have alternative diagnoses. This was particularly suggested by some reports of atypical cases with more severe prognoses. In the family reported by Golabi and Rosen, a duplication of GPC4 was recently identified, suggesting that GPC4 could be the second gene for SGBS but no point mutations within GPC4 have yet been reported. In the genetics laboratory in Tours Hospital, GPC3 molecular testing over more than a decade has detected pathogenic mutations in only 8.7% of individuals with SGBS. In addition, GPC4 mutations have not been identified thus raising the question of frequent misdiagnosis. In order to better delineate the phenotypic spectrum of SGBS caused by GPC3 mutations, and to try to define specific clinical criteria for GPC3 molecular testing, we reviewed the clinical features of all male cases with a GPC3 mutation identified in the two molecular laboratories providing this test in France (Tours and Paris). We present here the results of the analysis of 42 patients belonging to 31 families and including five fetuses and three deceased neonates. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular Mechanisms of Childhood Overgrowth
Authors: TATTON‐BROWN KATRINA , WEKSBERG ROSANNA 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis issue of the Seminar Series C is dedicated to the molecular mechanisms of childhood overgrowth and celebrates the last decade of unprecedented gene discovery. Constitutional gene disorders, somatic gene disorders and imprinting dysregulation are each considered. The constitutional overgrowth genes discussed include NSD1, EZH2, GPC3, DIS3L2, and PTEN whilst the somatic overgrowth genes include AKT3, PIK3R2, and PIK3CA. Abnormalities of imprinting, exemplified by disruption of the (epi)genetic regulation of the imprinted 11p15 gene cluster, constitutes the final section of this issue. Many of the genes discussed in this issue encode components of the PI3K/mTOR growth regulatory pathway. This signaling cascade consists of dual, parallel branches, anchored by the serine–threonine kinase, mTOR, and has diverse downstream effects including inhibition of apoptosis, activation of protein synthesis, and enhanced cell survival. Activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway promotes growth whereas inhibition, or abrogation, results in decreased cellular growth. Despite the rapid advances of the last decade, there is still an enormous amount to discover. We hope that some of the work reviewed in this issue will facilitate the next decade's discoveries and we look forward to a 10 years as productive as the last. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CaV2.1 ablation in cortical interneurons selectively impairs fast‐spiking basket cells and causes generalized seizures
Authors: Rossignol Elsa , Kruglikov Illya , van den Maagdenberg Arn M. J. M. , Rudy Bernardo , Fishell Gord 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveBoth the neuronal populations and mechanisms responsible for generalized spike‐wave absence seizures are poorly understood. In mutant mice carrying loss‐of‐function (LOF) mutations inCacna1a,which encodes the α1 pore‐forming subunit of CaV2.1 (P/Q‐type) voltage‐gated Ca2+channels, generalized spike‐wave seizures have been suggested to result from excessive bursting of thalamocortical cells. However, other cellular populations including cortical inhibitory interneurons may contribute to this phenotype. We investigated how different cortical interneuron subtypes are affected by the loss of CaV2.1 channel function and how this contributes to the onset of generalized epilepsy.MethodsWe designed genetic strategies to induce a selectiveCacna1aLOF mutation in different cortical γ‐aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) and/or glutamatergic neuronal populations in mice. We assessed the cellular and network consequences of these mutations by combining immunohistochemical assays, in vitro physiology, optogenetics, and in vivo video electroencephalographic recordings.ResultsWe demonstrate that selectiveCacna1aLOF from a subset of cortical interneurons, including parvalbumin (PV)+and somatostatin (SST)+interneurons, results in severe generalized epilepsy. Loss of CaV2.1 channel function compromises GABA release from PV+but not SST+interneurons. Moreover, thalamocortical projection neurons do not show enhanced bursting in these mutants, suggesting that this feature is not essential for the development of generalized spike‐wave seizures. Notably, the concurrent removal of CaV2.1 channels in cortical pyramidal cells and interneurons considerably lessens seizure severity by decreasing cortical excitability.InterpretationOur findings demonstrate that conditional ablation of CaV2.1 channel function from cortical PV+interneurons alters GABA release from these cells, impairs their ability to constrain cortical pyramidal cell excitability, and is sufficient to cause generalized seizures. Ann Neurol 2013;74:209–222
Poplar wood‐methylolurea composites prepared by in situ polymerization
Authors: Lang Qian , She Ying , Chen He‐yu , Pu Jun‐wen 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTChemical modification of wood is a potential way to obtain high quality wood. In this study, methylolurea was used to modify the polar wood by in situ polymerization. The mechanical properties and dimension stability of the wood‐methylourea composites were investigated, and the modified samples were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanism of in situ polymerization was presented in graphs. The test results showed that the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of natural wood were improved remarkably. FTIR analysis suggested that the methylolurea polymerized with the active groups of wood cell wall. XRD test showed that the crystallinity of wood increased after modification. Finally, the SEM analysis proved that the good interfacial adhesion of wood modifier between wood fiber and polymer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 933‐938, 2013
Brief Report: High‐Throughput Sequencing of IL23R Reveals a Low‐Frequency, Nonsynonymous Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism That Is Associated With Ankylosing Spondylitis in a Han Chinese Population
Authors: Davidson Stuart I. , Jiang Lei , Cortes Adrian , Wu Xin , Glazov Evgeny A. , Zheng Yi , Danoy Patrick A. , Liu Yi , Thomas Gethin P. , Brown Matthew A. , Xu Huji 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a highly heritable common inflammatory arthritis that targets the spine and sacroiliac joints of the pelvis, causing pain and stiffness and leading eventually to joint fusion. Although previous studies have shown a strong association of IL23R with AS in white Europeans, similar studies in East Asian populations have shown no association with common variants of IL23R, suggesting either that IL23R variants have no role or that rare genetic variants contribute. The present study was undertaken to screen IL23R to identify rare variants associated with AS in Han Chinese.MethodsA 170‐kb region containing IL23R and its flanking regions was sequenced in 50 patients with AS and 50 ethnically matched healthy control subjects from a Han Chinese population. In addition, the 30‐kb region of peak association in white Europeans was sequenced in 650 patients with AS and 1,300 healthy controls. Validation genotyping was undertaken in 846 patients with AS and 1,308 healthy controls.ResultsWe identified 1,047 variants, of which 729 were not found in the dbSNP genomic build 130. Several potentially functional rare variants in IL23R were identified, including one nonsynonomous single‐nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNP), Gly149Arg (position 67421184 GA on chromosome 1). Validation genotyping showed that the Gly149Arg variant was associated with AS (odds ratio 0.61, P = 0.0054).ConclusionThis is the first study to implicate rare IL23R variants in the pathogenesis of AS. The results identified a low‐frequency nsSNP with predicted loss‐of‐function effects that was protectively associated with AS in Han Chinese, suggesting that decreased function of the interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) receptor protects against AS. These findings further support the notion that IL‐23 signaling has an important role in the pathogenesis of AS.
Glucosamine Activates Autophagy In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Caramés Beatriz , Kiosses William B. , Akasaki Yukio , Brinson Diana C. , Eap William , Koziol James , Lotz Martin K. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveAging‐associated changes in articular cartilage represent a main risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). Autophagy is an essential cellular homeostasis mechanism. Aging‐associated or experimentally induced defects in autophagy contribute to organismal‐ and tissue‐specific aging, while enhancement of autophagy may protect against certain aging‐related pathologies such as OA. The objective of this study was to determine whether glucosamine can activate autophagy.MethodsChondrocytes from normal human articular cartilage were treated with glucosamine (0.1– 10 mM). Autophagy activation and phosphorylation levels of Akt, FoxO3, and ribosomal protein S6 were determined by Western blotting. Autophagosome formation was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Reporter mice systemically expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to light chain 3 (LC3) (GFP‐LC3–transgenic mice) were used to assess changes in autophagy in response to starvation and glucosamine treatment.ResultsGlucosamine treatment of chondrocytes activated autophagy, as indicated by increased LC3‐II levels, formation of LC3 puncta, and increased LC3 turnover. This was associated with glucosamine‐mediated inhibition of the Akt/FoxO3/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Administration of glucosamine to GFP‐LC3–transgenic mice markedly activated autophagy in articular cartilage.ConclusionGlucosamine modulates molecular targets of the autophagy pathway in vitro and in vivo, and the enhancement of autophagy is mainly dependent on the Akt/FoxO/mTOR pathway. These findings suggest that glucosamine is an effective autophagy activator and should motivate future studies on the efficacy of glucosamine in modifying aging‐related cellular changes and supporting joint health.
RAFT Polymerization and Some of its Applications
Authors: Moad Graeme , Rizzardo Ezio , Thang San H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractReversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) is one of the most robust and versatile methods for controlling radical polymerization. With appropriate selection of the RAFT agent for the monomers and reaction conditions, it is applicable to the majority of monomers subject to radical polymerization. The process can be used in the synthesis of well‐defined homo‐, gradient, diblock, triblock, and star polymers and more complex architectures, which include microgels and polymer brushes. In this Focus Review we describe how the development of RAFT and RAFT application has been facilitated by the adoption of continuous flow techniques using tubular reactors and through the use of high‐throughput methodology. Applications described include the use of RAFT in the preparation of polymers for optoelectronics, block copolymer therapeutics, and star polymer rheology control agents.
Inactivation of pectin methylesterase by immobilized trypsins from cunner fish and bovine pancreas
Authors: Li Dan , Matos Madyu , Simpson Benjamin K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractImmobilized cunner fish trypsin was used to inactivate pectin methylesterase (PME). The effects of different reaction conditions (e.g., incubation time, PME concentration, and temperature) on PME inactivation and kinetics of inactivation were investigated. Temperature, incubation time, and PME concentration significantly affected the extent of PME inactivation. Generally, higher temperature, longer incubation time, and low PME concentration caused more PME inactivation. The immobilized fish trypsin had higher capacity to inactivate PME than immobilized bovine trypsin. The inactivation efficiency of the immobilized fish trypsin was about 20% higher than that of its bovine counterpart. However, PME inactivated by both trypsins regained partial activity during storage at 4°C, with immobilized fish trypsin–treated PME regaining more of its original activity than the immobilized bovine trypsin–treated PME. Heat‐denatured PME was hydrolyzed more extensively by immobilized fish trypsin than by its bovine counterpart. The rate constants increased, whereas the D‐values decreased with temperature for both immobilized fish and bovine trypsins. The inactivation rate constants of immobilized fish trypsin at all the temperatures investigated (i.e., 15–35°C) were higher than those of immobilized bovine trypsin. Furthermore, the activation energy (Ea) of PME inactivation by immobilized fish trypsin was lower than that of immobilized bovine trypsin.