bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Claudin‐2 downregulation by KSHV infection is involved in the regulation of endothelial barrier function
Authors: Tan Xiaohua , Li Dongmei , Wang Xiaobo , Zeng Yan , Yan Yutao , Yang Lei 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundKaposi sarcoma (KS), caused by the infection of Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is a disease manifested mainly by dark purple skin and mouth nodules. Cancer care studies showed that co‐infection of KSHV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was able to increase the patients' survival, but the underlying mechanisms are still elusive.MethodsTo understand the mechanism underlying the prolonged survival in KSHV‐HIV co‐infected patients, we performed microarray analysis on RNA extracted from biopsies from KS tumors and adjacent healthy tissues in four KS patients. Subsequently, we performed hierarchical clustering, gene ontology (GO) and ingenuity pathway analysis. We then characterized the roles of tight junction protein claudin‐2 in the endothelial barrier function.ResultsThree hundred and forty‐three differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 246 genes exhibited significantly increased expression in the tumor compared to the adjacent healthy tissue and 97 genes showed downregulated expression, including claudin‐2. Knockdown of claudin‐2 in cultured endothelial cells enhances barrier function by altering the charge selectivity, but not the size selectivity.ConclusionClaudin‐2 expression is decreased in KS tumors from patients co‐infected with KSHV and HIV. Decreased claudin‐2 enhances endothelial barrier function and may play a role in the prolonged survival of patients with KSHV and HIV co‐infection.
Comparison of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and endoscopic biliary drainage in the management of malignant biliary tract obstruction: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Xiang‐qian , Dong Jia‐hong , Jiang Kai , Huang Xiao‐qiang , Zhang Wen‐zhi 
Published: July 2014

Background and AimTo compare percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) for management of malignant biliary tract obstruction (MBTO).MethodsPubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane database were searched to 31 December 2013. Main outcome measurements were therapeutic success rate, 30‐day mortality rate, overall complications, cholangitis, and pancreatitis.ResultsEight studies (five retrospective and three randomized controlled trials) were included in the meta‐analysis with a total of 692 participants. Combined odds ratio (OR) = 2.18 revealed no significant difference in therapeutic success between PTBD and EBD (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.73–6.47, P = 0.162). However, after excluding two studies that appeared to be outliers, PTBD exhibited a better therapeutic success rate than EBD (pooled OR = 4.45, 95% CI = 2.68–7.40, P < 0.001). Patients who underwent PTBD were 0.55 times as likely to have cholangitis as those who underwent EBD, whereas the overall complication rate, pancreatitis rate, and 30‐day mortality were similar between the two procedures.ConclusionsPTBD may be associated with a better therapeutic success rate and lower incidence of cholangitis than EBD, but the overall complication rate, pancreatitis rate, and 30‐day mortality of the two procedures are similar.
Clinical outcomes of secondary gastroduodenal self‐expandable metallic stent placement by stent‐in‐stent technique for malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Isayama Hiroyuki , Nakai Yousuke , Takahara Naminatsu , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Mizuno Suguru , Mohri Dai , Yagioka Hiroshi , Kogure Hirofumi , Arizumi Toshihiko , Togawa Osamu , Matsubara Saburo , Ito Yukiko , Yamamoto Natsuyo , Sasahira Naoki , Hirano Kenji , Toda Nobuo , Tada Minoru , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2014

Background and AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of secondary gastroduodenal stent placement after first stent dysfunction for malignant gastric outlet obstruction.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of secondary stent‐in‐stent gastroduodenal stent placement.ResultsAmong 260 patients who had been treated with first gastroduodenal stent placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction, 29 patients (11.2%) were treated with secondary gastroduodenal stent placement because of first stent dysfunction. Pancreatic cancer was the major primary cancer (55.2%). A WallFlex duodenal stent was the most frequently inserted stent both as a first stent (75.9%) and as a secondary stent (62.1%). There were 22 patients (75.9%) that received gastroduodenal stents at the bending site (supraduodenal angle or infraduodenal angle). Technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 86.2%, respectively. Median eating period was 3.0 months, and median survival time was 3.5 months. As for related complications, gastrointestinal perforation, insufficient stent expansion, tumor ingrowth, tumor overgrowth, and cholangitis were experienced in 13.8% (four cases), 6.9% (two cases), 6.9% (two cases), 3.4% (one case), and 3.4% (one case), respectively.ConclusionSecondary gastroduodenal stent placement might be effective for managing first stent dysfunction in malignant gastric outlet obstruction. However, gastrointestinal perforation was the major complication.
Endothelin uncouples gap junctions in sustentacular cells and olfactory ensheathing cells of the olfactory mucosa
Authors: Le Bourhis Mikaël , Rimbaud Stéphanie , Grebert Denise , Congar Patrice , Meunier Nicolas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSeveral factors modulate the first step of odour detection in the rat olfactory mucosa (OM). Among others, vasoactive peptides such as endothelin might play multifaceted roles in the different OM cells. Like their counterparts in the central nervous system, the olfactory sensory neurons are encompassed by different glial‐like non‐neuronal OM cells; sustentacular cells (SCs) surround their cell bodies, whereas olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) wrap their axons. Whereas SCs maintain both the structural and ionic integrity of the OM, OECs assure protection, local blood flow control and guiding of olfactory sensory neuron axons toward the olfactory bulb. We previously showed that these non‐neuronal OM cells are particularly responsive to endothelin in vitro. Here, we confirmed that the endothelin system is strongly expressed in the OM using in situ hybridization. We then further explored the effects of endothelin on SCs and OECs using electrophysiological recordings and calcium imaging approaches on both in vitro and ex vivo OM preparations. Endothelin induced both robust calcium signals and gap junction uncoupling in both types of cells. This latter effect was mimicked by carbenoxolone, a known gap junction uncoupling agent. However, although endothelin is known for its antiapoptotic effect in the OM, the uncoupling of gap junctions by carbenoxolone was not sufficient to limit the cellular death induced by serum deprivation in OM primary culture. The functional consequence of the endothelin 1‐induced reduction of the gap junctional communication between OM non‐neuronal cells thus remains to be elucidated.
Prioritization of knowledge needs for sustainable aquaculture: a national and global perspective
Authors: Jones Aisla C , Mead Angela , Kaiser Michel J , Austen Melanie C V , Adrian Alex W , Auchterlonie Neil A , Black Kenneth D , Blow Lucy R , Bury Charlotte , Brown Janet H , Burnell Gavin M , Connolly Elaine , Dingwall Alastair , Derrick Simon , Eno N Clare , Gautier Dominique J H , Green Karen A , Gubbins Matthew , Hart Piers R , Holmyard John M , Immink Anton J , Jarrad David L , Katoh Emi , Langley Jeremy C R , Lee Daniel O'C , Le Vay Lewis , Leftwich Chris P , Mitchell Mike , Moore Andrew , Murray Alexander G , McLaren Emma M R , Norbury Hannah , Parker David , Parry Stephen O , Purchase Dawn , Rahman Amanna , Sanver Feyza , Siggs Melanie , Simpson Stephen D , Slaski Richard J , Smith Katie , Syvret Martin Le Q , Tibbott Claire , Thomas Phil C , Turnbull Jimmy , Whiteley Robert , Whittles Matthew , Wilcockson Mary J , Wilson James , Dicks Lynn V , Sutherland William J 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAquaculture is currently the fastest expanding global animal food production sector and is a key future contributor to food security. An increase in food security will be dependent upon the development and improvement of sustainable practices. A prioritization exercise was undertaken, focusing on the future knowledge needs to underpin UK sustainable aquaculture (both domestic and imported products) using a ‘task force’ group of 36 ‘practitioners’ and 12 ‘research scientists’ who have an active interest in sustainable aquaculture. A long list of 264 knowledge needs related to sustainable aquaculture was developed in conjunction with the task force. The long list was further refined through a three stage process of voting and scoring, including discussions of each knowledge need. The top 25 knowledge needs are presented, as scored separately by ‘practitioners’ or ‘research scientists’. There was similar agreement in priorities identified by these two groups. The priority knowledge needs will provide guidance to structure ongoing work to make science accessible to practitioners and help to prioritize future science policy needs and funding. The process of knowledge exchange, and the mechanisms by which this can be achieved, effectively emerged as the top priority for sustainable aquaculture. Viable alternatives to wild fish‐based aquaculture feeds, resource constraints that will potentially limit expansion of aquaculture, sustainable offshore aquaculture and the treatment of sea lice also emerged as strong priorities. Although the exercise was focused on UK needs for sustainable aquaculture, many of the emergent issues are considered to have global application.
Fuel consumption of global fishing fleets: current understanding and knowledge gaps
Authors: Parker Robert W R , Tyedmers Peter H 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCompared to a century ago, the world's fishing fleets are larger and more powerful, are travelling further and are producing higher quality products. These developments come largely at a cost of high‐fossil fuel energy inputs. Rising energy prices, climate change and consumer demand for ‘green’ products have placed energy use and emissions among the sustainability criteria of food production systems. We have compiled all available published and unpublished fuel use data for fisheries targeting all species, employing all gears and fishing in all regions of the world into a Fisheries and Energy Use Database (FEUD). Here, we present results of our analysis of the relative energy performance of fisheries since 1990 and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on fuel inputs to diverse fishing fleets. The median fuel use intensity of global fishery records since 1990 is 639 litres per tonne. Fuel inputs to fisheries vary by several orders of magnitude, with small pelagic fisheries ranking among the world's most efficient forms of animal protein production and crustaceans ranking among the least efficient. Trends in Europe and Australia since the beginning of the 21st century suggest fuel use efficiency is improving, although this has been countered by a more rapid increase in oil prices. Management decisions, technological improvements and behavioural changes can further reduce fuel consumption in the short term, although the most effective improvement to fisheries energy performance will come as a result of rebuilding stocks where they are depressed and reducing over‐capacity.
Crystal structure of active site mutant of antileukemic l‐asparaginase reveals conserved zinc‐binding site
Authors: Borek Dominika , Kozak Maciej , Pei Jimin , Jaskolski Mariusz 
Published: July 2014

The periplasmic enzyme l‐asparaginase type II from Escherichia coli (EcAII) converts l‐asparagine to l‐aspartate and ammonia. EcAII is an important drug in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common malignancy in children. Leukemic blast cells lack the ability to synthesize l‐asparagine and rely on other sources of l‐asparagine for protein synthesis. EcAII injections deplete extracellular levels of l‐asparagine, disrupting protein synthesis and inducing apoptosis in the malignant cells. The detailed mechanism of l‐asparaginase catalytic action, the molecular mechanisms of its anticancer activity and the side effects associated with the treatment, including resistance to therapy, are not fully understood despite over 40 years of research. Here, we present X‐ray structures of EcAII with an active site mutation, D90E, in three crystal forms. The region of the mutation is well ordered, allowing precise functional analysis of the consequences of the replacement of Asp90. In all three structures, the mutant protein exhibits an open conformation of the active site. In one of the structures, a zinc cation has been detected. The zinc cation is coordinated in a region of the protein that is implicated in the immunological response to EcAII treatment. A combined sequence‐structure analysis of bacterial‐type l‐asparaginases reveals that the metal coordination may play a role in the response to asparaginase treatment. The observation of a zinc‐binding site in antileukemic l‐asparaginases provides new insight, with consequences for acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy.DatabasesThe atomic coordinates of the monoclinic, orthorhombic and trigonal forms of the D90E mutant of Escherichia coli type II asparaginase have been deposited with the RCSB PDB with accession codes 1JAZ, 1JJA and 1IHD, respectively.EnzymesEC 3.5.1.1, l‐asparagine amidohydrolase, l‐asparaginase; EC 3.5.1.38, l‐glutamine (l‐asparagine) amidohydrolase, glutaminase‐asparaginase; EC 6.3.5.6, l‐aspartyl‐tRNAAsn: l‐glutamine amido‐ligase (ADP‐forming), asparaginyl‐tRNA synthase (glutamine‐hydrolysing).
Employers’ and employees’ views on responsibilities for career management in nursing: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Philippou Julia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimTo examine nurse employees’ and employers’ views about responsibilities for managing nurses’ careers.BackgroundCareer management policies are associated with cost savings, in terms of workforce recruitment and retention and an increase in job and career satisfaction. In nursing, responsibility for career management remains relatively unexplored.DesignA multicenter, cross‐sectional questionnaire survey.MethodsData were collected from 871 nurse employees and employers in the British National Health Service. The study was conducted in 2008, a period when policy reforms aimed at modernizing the healthcare workforce in England. In the current discussions in Europe and theUSAabout the future of nursing, these data reveal insights not previously reported. Exploratory analyses were undertaken using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThe analysis indicated a temporal dimension to career management responsibilities. Short‐term responsibilities for securing funding and time for development lay more with employers. Medium‐term responsibilities for assessing nurses’ strengths and weakness, determining job‐related knowledge and skills and identifying education and training needs appeared to be shared. Long‐term responsibilities for developing individual careers and future development plans lay primarily with employees.ConclusionNew ways of managing nurses’ career development that lead to greater independence for employees and greater flexibility for employers, while retaining a high‐calibre and competent workforce, are needed. Ultimately, career management responsibilities should not tilt to either side but rather be shared to benefit both parties. Clarifying employers’ and employees’ responsibilities for career management may help both parties to develop a common understanding of each other's role and to meet their obligations in a constructive dialogue.
Efficacy and safety of switching to insulin glulisine from other rapid‐acting insulin analogs in children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Urakami Tatsuhiko , Kuwabara Remi , Habu Masako , Okuno Misako , Suzuki Junichi , Takahashi Shori 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe investigated the efficacy and safety of switching to insulin glulisine (GLU) from other rapid‐acting insulin analogs (Ra) in children with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily injections of insulin or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. A total of 26 children with type 1 diabetes were included. Ra in all of these patients was changed to GLU, and they were observed for a 6‐month period after having previously finished treatment with other Ra. The mean glycated hemoglobin value decreased from 7.6 ± 1.0 to 7.4 ± 0.9% (P = 0.0034), and mean plasma glucose values after breakfast and supper also improved from 183 ± 50 to 153 ± 32 mg/dL (P = 0.0035), and from 203 ± 29 to 164 ± 23 mg/dL (P < 0.0001), respectively. Furthermore, the mean frequency of hypoglycemia was reduced from 7 ± 6 to 4 ± 4/month (P = 0.0004), while insulin doses and obesity degree were stable with statistically non‐significant differences. In conclusion, switching to GLU might be a good treatment option for improving glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes.
Influence of Combined Far‐Infrared and Superheated Steam for Cooking Chicken Meat Patties
Authors: Suwannakam Mano , Noomhorm Athapol , Anal Anil Kumar 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSkinless deboned chicken breast meat were roasted using three cooking systems, including a combination of far‐infrared and superheated steam with forced air (FIR‐SS‐FA) system, a combination of far‐infrared and superheated steam (FIR‐SS) system, and a combination of force air and superheated steam (FA‐SS) system. Response surface methodology was applied to predict the physical properties of the chicken meat in terms of full cooking time, product yield and tenderness. The conditions of 130, 150 and 170C cooking temperatures, and 70, 80 and 90Cdew point of humidity were conducted to evaluate the cooking systems. The full cooking times were evaluated when the core temperature of the meat reached 74C. The lowest energy consumption observed was in the FIR‐SS‐FA system, which has the shortest full cooking time. Humidity under the superheated steam system affected the full cooking time, product yield and shear force more than cooking temperature in all three systems. The FIR‐SS‐FA system at 170C cooking temperature and 90Cdew point of humidity showed the fastest full cooking time, highest meat tenderness, slight difference in product yield and the lowest specific energy consumption when compared with other systems.Practical ApplicationsIn chicken cooking industries, the conventional oven is widely used by combining between hot air and steam techniques. However, conventional cooking ovens use high‐velocity hot air, which causes surface deterioration, overheating, charring and high energy costs. A new innovative cooking technique combining infrared and force air with superheated steam will be useful to enhance product yield and the water‐holding capacity of cooked meat, and maintain its standard quality. This oven will reduce the overall energy consumption during cooking.
Modeling Counter‐Current Osmotic Dehydration Process of Pork Meat in Molasses
Authors: Filipović Vladimir , Lončar Biljana , Nićetin Milica , Knežević Violeta , Filipović Ivana , Pezo Lato 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOsmotic dehydration is recognized as a pretreatment step to meat drying processes. Sugar beet molasses is an excellent medium for osmotic dehydration, primarily because of high dry matter and specific nutrient content. The main aim of here presented study was the development of acceptable empirical mathematical models for the representation of counter‐current osmotic dehydration process of pork meat in molasses. The effectiveness of the counter‐current process was compared with the co‐current process, according to experimental results and the developed mathematical models. Response Surface Methodology and Analysis of Variance were selected to estimate the main effects of observed process variables on mass transfer variables. Developed mathematical models showed good fitting capabilities with experimental data. Maximum obtained counter‐current osmotic dehydration process responses were: dry matter content of 72.98%; water loss of 0.57 g/g i.s.; solid gain equal to 0.18 g/g i.s. and water activity of 0.84, indicating that counter‐current process had 32.20% higher total process efficiency compared with co‐current process.Practical ApplicationsThe osmotic dehydration of food is a commonly used technique for food processing, mostly utilized prior to drying and freezing operations, which reduces energy requirements of these processes. This study investigates mathematical models of the counter‐current osmotic dehydration process of pork meat in molasses at different temperatures and durations of the process and also determines the effectiveness of the process in comparison with the co‐current process. Developed mathematical models can be considered as precise for process parameters prediction and optimization in experimental and industrial applications. The wide range of processing variables were considered in the model formulation and its easy implementation in a spread sheet using a set of equations makes it very useful and practical for outputs prediction.
Factors Influencing the Dry Heat Sensitivity of Salmonella enterica on Alfalfa Sprouting Seeds
Authors: Neetoo Hudaa , Chen Haiqiang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSprouts have been implicated in several outbreaks of salmonellosis where the seeds were found to be the likely source of contamination. The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy of heat to eliminate Salmonella on alfalfa seeds as affected by the water activity of seeds, inoculum strain(s) of Salmonella, storage temperature of seeds and heat treatment duration. Thermal inactivation of Salmonella at 65C was less effective in seeds of reduced water activity of 0.3 or 0.5 compared with 0.6. Prior freezing of inoculated seeds enhanced heat inactivation of Salmonella in seeds with an elevated water activity of 0.6, but not for seeds with a water activity of 0.3–0.5. Salmonella DT104 and a cocktail of four typical strains of Salmonella were more heat resistant than Salmonella Senftenberg 775W regardless of the storage temperature. Heat treatment (65C) of durations ranging from 8 to 48 h of seeds (aw ∼0.6), previously kept at freezing or refrigeration temperatures, resulted in complete elimination of Salmonella irrespective of the strains tested. Freezing of seeds (aw ∼0.6) followed by heating at 65C for 6–8 h did not significantly reduce the germinability of seeds although the yield was significantly impaired (P < 0.05).Practical ApplicationsSprouts have been implicated in the outbreaks of salmonellosis where seeds were found to be the likely source of contamination. The effect of water activity, inoculum strain(s) of Salmonella, storage temperature and treatment duration on the lethality of the heat treatment of seeds was investigated. A decrease in the seed water activity from 0.6 to 0.3 resulted in a considerable decrease in the efficacy of the thermal treatment. There was an appreciable difference in the extent of heat inactivation of the different strains, suggesting the importance of using strain cocktails in inactivation studies. Storage of seeds (aw of 0.6) at freezing temperature followed by heating at 65C for 6–8 h reduced the load of Salmonella to undetectable levels although the sprouting yield was greatly reduced. Findings from this study highlight the important intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that need to be optimized for effective pathogen load reduction and viability retention of seeds.