bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial neural networks for removal of couplings in airborne transient electromagnetic data
Authors: Andersen Kristoffer K. , Kirkegaard Casper , Foged Nikolaj , Christiansen Anders V. , Auken Esben 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTModern airborne transient electromagnetic surveys typically produce datasets of thousands of line kilometres, requiring careful data processing in order to extract as much and as reliable information as possible. When surveys are flown in populated areas, data processing becomes particularly time consuming since the acquired data are contaminated by couplings to man‐made conductors (power lines, fences, pipes, etc.). Coupled soundings must be removed from the dataset prior to inversion, and this is a process that is difficult to automate. The signature of couplings can be both subtle and difficult to describe in mathematical terms, rendering removal of couplings mostly an expensive manual task for an experienced geophysicist.Here, we try to automate the process of removing couplings by means of an artificial neural network. We train an artificial neural network to recognize coupled soundings in manually processed reference data, and we use this network to identify couplings in other data. The approach provides a significant reduction in the time required for data processing since one can directly apply the network to the raw data. We describe the neural network put to use and present the inputs and normalizations required for maximizing its effectiveness. We further demonstrate and assess the training state and performance of the network before finally comparing inversions based on unprocessed data, manually processed data, and artificial neural network automatically processed data. The results show that a well‐trained network can produce high‐quality processing of airborne transient electromagnetic data, which is either ready for inversion or in need of minimal manual processing. We conclude that the use of artificial neural network scan significantly reduce the processing time and its costs by as much as 50%.
Development of highly reliable in silico SNP resource and genotyping assay from exome capture and sequencing: an example from black spruce (Picea mariana)
Authors: Pavy Nathalie , Gagnon France , Deschênes Astrid , Boyle Brian , Beaulieu Jean , Bousquet Jean 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPicea mariana is a widely distributed boreal conifer across Canada and the subject of advanced breeding programmes for which population genomics and genomic selection approaches are being developed. Targeted sequencing was achieved after capturing P. mariana exome with probes designed from the sequenced transcriptome of Picea glauca, a distant relative. A high capture efficiency of 75.9% was reached although spruce has a complex and large genome including gene sequences interspersed by some long introns. The results confirmed the relevance of using probes from congeneric species to perform successfully interspecific exome capture in the genus Picea. A bioinformatics pipeline was developed including stringent criteria that helped detect a set of 97 075 highly reliable in silico SNPs. These SNPs were distributed across 14 909 genes. Part of an Infinium iSelect array was used to estimate the rate of true positives by validating 4267 of the predicted in silico SNPs by genotyping trees from P. mariana populations. The true positive rate was 96.2% for in silico SNPs, compared to a genotyping success rate of 96.7% for a set 1115 P. mariana control SNPs recycled from previous genotyping arrays. These results indicate the high success rate of the genotyping array and the relevance of the selection criteria used to delineate the new P. mariana in silico SNP resource. Furthermore, in silico SNPs were generally of medium to high frequency in natural populations, thus providing high informative value for future population genomics applications.
Disordered eating attitudes and exercise in women undergoing fertility treatment
Authors: Rodino Iolanda S. , Byrne Susan , Sanders Katherine A. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundPrevious research has found a higher lifetime prevalence of eating disorders in women undergoing fertility treatment.AimsThis study aimed to gauge the prevalence of eating disorders in women attending a fertility clinic and to compare current disordered eating attitudes and exercise amongst different infertility categories.Materials and MethodsThree hundred and eighty‐five women were grouped according to infertility diagnosis: male factor, unexplained infertility, ovulatory disorders, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and heterogeneous causations. Participants anonymously completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and a Demographics questionnaire.ResultsThe lifetime history of self‐reported eating disorders for women in the sample was similar to Australian community rates. Profile analysis revealed on the EDE‐Q that women with ovulatory disorders were not significantly different from women with PCOS; however, they were significantly different to women with other infertility diagnoses (all P < 0.05), suggesting increased vulnerability to disordered eating. There were no between‐group differences in exercise quantity (IPAQ, P = 0.625) although women with ovulatory disorders and PCOS had a significantly higher risk of engaging in compulsive, ‘driven’ exercise (OR = 6.98, CI = 1.39, 34.90, P = 0.018) as a means to control weight or shape.ConclusionsContrary to previous research, our findings do not confirm a greater lifetime prevalence rate of eating disorders in women attending an infertility clinic. This study does highlight the importance of screening women with forms of an ovulatory disorder for features of disordered eating attitudes and driven exercise behaviours.
From passive to active: The impact of the flipped classroom through social learning platforms on higher education students' creative thinking
Authors: Al‐Zahrani Abdulrahman M 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the impact of the flipped classroom on the promotion of students' creative thinking. Students were recruited from the Faculty of Education at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia during the first semester of 2014. A multiple method research design was used to address the research questions. First, a two‐group quasi‐experimental design was implemented. The first group utilised the lecture‐based strategy (n = 28), while the second group utilised the flipped classroom (n = 27). Second, a survey questionnaire was distributed to assess the students' views about the flipped classroom, its role in the promotion of creativity and the difficulties students experienced with this strategy. The findings suggest that the flipped classroom may promote students' creativity, especially with regard to fluency, flexibility and novelty. Furthermore, the students viewed the flipped classroom as an approach that may significantly facilitate their creativity. However, several difficulties were associated with the flipped classroom, especially the students' limited preparation for this strategy. Accordingly, students must be prepared to utilise the flipped classroom and be provided with adequate e‐learning tools. In addition, it is important to consider students' study load and to provide meaningful in‐class activities.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among men with and without clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia: a large, cross‐sectional, UK epidemiological study
Authors: DiBello Julia R. , Ioannou Chris , Rees Jonathan , Challacombe Ben , Maskell Joe , Choudhury Nurul , Kastner Christof , Kirby Mike 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the components of metabolic syndrome in men aged ≥50 years with and without clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Subjects and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Men were selected from the CPRD who were aged ≥50 years and still registered as of 31 December 2011. Cohort 1 included men with clinical BPH, and cohort 2 men without clinical BPH who were matched 1:1 to those in cohort 1 by general practice, year of birth and previous years of available history (1–<2, 2–<3, 3–<4, ≥4 years of available history). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components (for men alive and still registered in the CRPD as of 31 December 2011) was calculated using all available history (lifetime prevalence) and medical history from 2010 and 2011 (current prevalence). Crude odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and the occurrence of the components of metabolic syndrome were calculated by comparing men with and without BPH.ResultsA total of 26.5% of men with clinical BPH had metabolic syndrome compared with 20.9% of matched controls without clinical BPH (absolute difference 5.6%; P < 0.001); men with clinical BPH were therefore significantly more likely to have metabolic syndrome than matched controls without clinical BPH. Significantly greater proportions of men with clinical BPH also had each component of metabolic syndrome compared with matched controls without clinical BPH. The presence of clinical BPH was associated with a 37% increased odds of having metabolic syndrome (for both lifetime prevalence and current prevalence) compared with matched controls without clinical BPH.ConclusionsThere is a significant cross‐sectional association between clinical BPH and metabolic syndrome in the UK primary care population.
Success rate of short dental implants supporting single crowns and fixed bridges
Authors: Malmstrom Hans , Gupta Bhumija , Ghanem Alexis , Cacciato Rita , Ren Yanfang , Romanos Georgios E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveBone grafts (sinus lift and/or ridge augmentation) may become an obstacle for some patients who desire implant treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the success of six‐ and eight‐millimeters rough surface design short dental implants, for up to 2 years in function, when compared to conventional length (11 mm) implants.Materials and MethodsA total of 25.6‐, 20.8‐ and 35.11‐mm length implants were placed and restored in 30 subjects (11 males, 19 females) between the age of 22 and 80, following a standard protocol. Implant mobility, crestal bone loss as well as periodontal parameters were evaluated immediately after restoration placement, at 6, 12 and 24 months.ResultsThere was one failure of one 6‐mm implant during the healing phase and one restorative failure. The median crestal bone loss at 24 months was 0.45 mm for the 6‐mm implants, 0.55 mm for the 8 mm implants and 0.65 mm for the 11‐mm implants. The success rate for 6‐mm implants was 97% and for 8‐mm and 11‐mm implants 100%.ConclusionsBased on this preliminary data, we conclude that rough surface design short dental implants (6 and 8 mm in length) have similar success rate when compared to 11‐mm implants. Long‐term data with larger number of implants and subjects are needed to confirm these results.
The improvement of analytics in massive open online courses by applying data mining techniques
Authors: Maté Alejandro , De Gregorio Elisa , Cámara José , Trujillo Juan , Luján‐Mora Sergio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe continuous increase in the number of open online courses has radically changed the traditional sector of education during the last years. These new learning approaches are very difficult to manage by using traditional management methods. This is one of the challenges in order to improve the new massive open online courses. In this paper, we propose a big data modelling approach, considering information from a big data analysis perspective, finding out which are the most relevant indicators in order to guarantee the success of the course. This novel approach is described along the paper using the case study of an open online course offered at our university. We describe the lessons learned in this work with the objective of providing general tools and indicators for other online courses. This will enhance the analysis and management of this kind of courses, contributing to their success.
Simulation of the impact of climate change on the egg and larval transport of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) off Kyushu Island, the western coast of Japan
Authors: Takeshige Aigo , Miyake Yoichi , Nakata Hideaki , Kitagawa Takashi , Kimura Shingo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn order to investigate the impact of climate change on egg and larval transport of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) off Kyushu Island western Japan, we conducted particle‐tracking simulations on transport success/failure to fishing grounds from 1960 to 2007. The modeled transport success since the mid‐1990s increased and decreased in the offshore and coastal zones, respectively, compared with the 1960s and 1970s. The estimated northward shift of the spawning ground and weakened Tsushima Warm Current contributed to increase in modeled transport success to the offshore zone. Conversely, the weakening trend of the modeled onshore current in the Goto‐Nada Sea combined with the northward shift of the spawning ground resulted in unsuccessful larval transport. These results suggest that fluctuations in juvenile and subadult anchovy catches in this area may be attributable to changes in the physical environment. The present study showed that changes in transport success induced by oceanographic fluctuations related to climate change, have the potential to affect anchovy recruitment off the western coast of Japan.
How efficiently do corn‐ and soybean‐based cropping systems use water? A systems modeling analysis
Authors: Dietzel Ranae , Liebman Matt , Ewing Robert , Helmers Matt , Horton Robert , Jarchow Meghann , Archontoulis Sotirios 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAgricultural systems are being challenged to decrease water use and increase production while climate becomes more variable and the world's population grows. Low water use efficiency is traditionally characterized by high water use relative to low grain production and usually occurs under dry conditions. However, when a cropping system fails to take advantage of available water during wet conditions, this is also an inefficiency and is often detrimental to the environment. Here, we provide a systems‐level definition of water use efficiency (sWUE) that addresses both production and environmental quality goals through incorporating all major system water losses (evapotranspiration, drainage, and runoff). We extensively calibrated and tested the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) using 6 years of continuous crop and soil measurements in corn‐ and soybean‐based cropping systems in central Iowa, USA. We then used the model to determine water use, loss, and grain production in each system and calculated sWUE in years that experienced drought, flood, or historically average precipitation. Systems water use efficiency was found to be greatest during years with average precipitation. Simulation analysis using 28 years of historical precipitation data, plus the same dataset with ± 15% variation in daily precipitation, showed that in this region, 430 mm of seasonal (planting to harvesting) rainfall resulted in the optimum sWUE for corn, and 317 mm for soybean. Above these precipitation levels, the corn and soybean yields did not increase further, but the water loss from the system via runoff and drainage increased substantially, leading to a high likelihood of soil, nutrient, and pesticide movement from the field to waterways. As the Midwestern United States is predicted to experience more frequent drought and flood, inefficiency of cropping systems water use will also increase. This work provides a framework to concurrently evaluate production and environmental performance of cropping systems.
Impact of onabotulinumtoxinA on quality of life and practical aspects of daily living: A pooled analysis of two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Everaert Karel , Gruenenfelder Jennifer , Schulte‐Baukloh Heinrich , Egerdie Russell B , Khalaf Kristin , Joshi Manher , Ni Quanhong , Sussman David 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of onabotulinumtoxinA on individual domains of the quality of life questionnaires in a pooled analysis of two phase 3 trials in overactive bladder patients with urinary incontinence who were inadequately managed by ≥1 anticholinergic.MethodsPatients received intradetrusor injections of onabotulinumtoxinA 100U (n = 557) or placebo (n = 548). The proportions of patients with a positive response (condition “greatly improved” or “improved”) on the Treatment Benefit Scale, and changes in Incontinence Quality of Life scores and King's Health Questionnaire domain scores were analyzed in the overall population and subgroups with clean intermittent catheterization use and urinary tract infection status during the first 12 weeks of treatment. Responses to individual King's Health Questionnaire items were also assessed.ResultsSignificantly greater proportions of onabotulinumtoxinA‐treated patients achieved positive Treatment Benefit Scale response versus placebo (61.8% vs 28.0%; P < 0.001). OnabotulinumtoxinA showed significantly greater improvements versus placebo in Incontinence Quality of Life total (22.5 vs 6.6), Incontinence Quality of Life subscale scores and all domains of the King's Health Questionnaire. Notably, a similar trend was observed regardless of clean intermittent catheterization/urinary tract infection status. Additionally, onabotulinumtoxinA resulted in significantly greater improvements than the placebo in practical aspects of patients daily lives, including pad use, need to change undergarments, sleep, relationship with partner and work life/daily activities.ConclusionIn overactive bladder patients with urinary incontinence, onabotulinu‐mtoxinA 100U demonstrated significant improvements across the individual domains of the quality of life questionnaires, regardless of clean intermittent catheterization or urinary tract infection status, and provided a positive impact on practical aspects of patients' daily lives.
Failure of botulinum toxin injection for neurogenic detrusor overactivity: Switch of toxin versus second injection of the same toxin
Authors: Peyronnet Benoit , Castel‐Lacanal Evelyne , Manunta Andréa , Roumiguié Mathieu , Marque Philippe , Rischmann Pascal , Gamé Xavier 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of a second injection of the same toxin versus switching to a different botulinum toxin A after failure of a first detrusor injection in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.MethodsThe charts of all patients who underwent detrusor injections of botulinum toxin A (either abobotulinumtoxinA or onabotulinumtoxinA) for the management of neurogenic detrusor overactivity at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Patients in whom a first detrusor injection had failed were included in the present study. They were managed by a second injection of the same toxin at the same dosage or by a new detrusor injection using a different botulinum toxin A. Success was defined as a resolution of urgency, urinary incontinence and detrusor overactivity in a patient self‐catheterizing seven times or less per 24 h.ResultsA total of 58 patients were included for analysis. A toxin switch was carried out in 29 patients, whereas the other 29 patients received a reinjection of the same toxin at the same dose. The success rate was higher in patients who received a toxin switch (51.7% vs 24.1%, P = 0.03). Patients treated with a switch from abobotulinumtoxinA to onabotulinumtoxinA and those treated with a switch from onabotulinumtoxinA to abobotulinumtoxinA had similar success rates (52.9% vs 50%, P = 0.88).ConclusionAfter failure of a first detrusor injection of botulinum toxin for neurogenic detrusor overactivity, a switch to a different toxin seems to be more effective than a second injection of the same toxin. The replacement of onabotulinumtoxin by abobotulinumtoxin or the reverse provides similar results.
Three‐dimensional structure of seminiferous tubules in the adult mouse
Authors: Nakata Hiroki , Wakayama Tomohiko , Sonomura Takahiro , Honma Satoru , Hatta Toshihisa , Iseki Shoichi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSeminiferous tubules develop from sex cords, which are embryonic structures with simple C‐shaped arches. Histologically, the epithelium of adult mouse seminiferous tubules has been divided into 12 stages based on the associations of spermatogenic cells in four cycles of spermatogenesis. However, the gross characteristics of the seminiferous tubules themselves, including their number, length, run, and mutual relationships remain largely unknown. In the present study, we analyzed all seminiferous tubules in a single adult mouse testis with high resolution using serial paraffin sections and high‐perfomance three‐dimensional reconstruction software. There were 11 seminiferous tubules with an average length of 140 mm. Each tubule ran along circular paths within the testis while making convolutions with cranial and caudal hairpin turns. The cranial turns of all tubules were in contact with the tunica albuginea, whereas the caudal turns were not, resulting in funnel‐shaped networks of these tubules with tapered caudal portions. The caudally located networks surrounded the preceding cranially located networks from the bottom and outside, similar to stacked paper cups. Five out of the 11 seminiferous tubules were continuous from one end to the other both connected with the rete testis (10 connection points). Nine branching points, one blind end, and 18 more connection points with the rete testis were detected in the remaining six seminiferous tubules, making the paths of these tubules complicated to various degrees. The present study revealed that the 3D structures of seminiferous tubules were highly regular as a whole in the adult mouse testis.
Optimal preservation of porcine cardiac tissue prior to diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Agger Peter , Lass Thomas , Smerup Morten , Frandsen Jesper , Pedersen Michael 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe effects of ex vivo preservation techniques on the quality of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in hearts are poorly understood, and the optimal handling procedure prior to investigation remains to be determined. Therefore, 24 porcine hearts were examined in six groups treated with different preservation techniques, including chemical fixation and freezing. Diffusion properties of each heart were assessed with diffusion tensor imaging in terms of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (Da) and radial diffusivity (Dr). Tractography was performed to visualize the course of the cardiomyocytes, assuming greater diffusivity in the longitudinal than the transverse axis of individual cardiomyocytes. Significant differences in MD, Da and Dr were found, as well as in FA between groups (P < 0.001). Freezing of specimens resulted in the lowest mean FA of 0.21 (0.06) and highest Dr of 8.92 (1.5) mm2 s−1. The highest mean FA was found to be 0.43 (0.11) in hearts perfusion‐fixed with formalin. Calculated tractographies were indistinguishable among groups except in frozen specimens, where no fibres could be tracked. Perfusion fixation with formalin provided the best tractography, but immersion fixation yielded diffusion data most similar to fresh hearts. These findings suggest that parameters derived from diffusion tensor imaging in ex vivo hearts are sensitive to fixation and storage methods. In particular, freezing of specimens should be avoided prior to diffusion tensor imaging investigation due to significant changes in diffusion parameters and subsequent image deteriorations.