bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Laying Hen Eggs During Storage Depending on Egg Weight and Type of Cage System (Conventional vs. Furnished Cages)
Authors: Batkowska Justyna , Brodacki Antoni , Knaga Sebastian 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to demonstrate the relationship of egg weight and egg quality traits with storage time and type of cages in which the laying hens were kept. The material consisted of 960 eggs from same age Hy-Line Brown hens kept in conventional and furnished cages at the same time in one building. The eggs were randomly collected, sorted by weight (S, M, L and XL), and stored under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. All eggs were weighed on days 1 (day of laying) and 28 of the experiment. During the same time they were candled to determine depth of the air cell, and 60 eggs from each subgroup were chosen to evaluate quality traits (egg weight and egg specific gravity), shell characteristics (shell strength, weight, thickness and density), and interior quality of eggs (albumen height and pH, yolk colour, weight and pH). The eggs (especially those from the heavier weight classes, XL and L) from hens reared in furnished cages were characterized by significantly smaller quality changes (egg weight loss, yolk proportion, albumen height, Haugh units) due to storage time in relation to those from hens kept in conventional cages. This fact could point to their better suitability for consumption. In addition to the housing system, changes occurring in eggs during storage should also be considered in terms of their weight class. Economically important egg traits (e.g. egg weight, shell strength) were better in eggs from furnished compared to conventional cages.
Effect of Breed on Microstructure and Tenderness of Porcine Semimembranosus Muscle
Authors: Wojtysiak Dorota 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The objective of the study was to analyse the effect of breed on characteristics of muscle fibres, parameters of intramuscular connective tissue, collagen content, intramuscular fat (IMF) content and tenderness of semimembranosus muscle in pigs. The study was conducted with 16 Złotnicka Spotted (ZS) and 23 Polish Landrace (PL) fattening pigs slaughtered at 210 days of age. The current study showed that compared to the PL breed, the semimembranosus muscle from the local breed of ZS pigs was characterized by a greater percentage of type I fibres, a smaller percentage of type IIB fibres and a smaller diameter of all the three muscle fibre types analysed, while the muscles of PL pigs had significantly thinner endomysium and perimysium and a more compact arrangement of collagen fibres, with a significantly lower percentage of collagen in the muscle and a lower content of total and soluble collagen compared to the muscles of ZS pigs. Furthermore, meat from ZS pigs was more tender (lower shear force value) and had a significantly higher IMF content compared to meat from PL pigs.
Influence of Origin of Laying Hens on the Quality of Their Carcasses and Meat After the First Laying Period
Authors: Puchała Michał , Krawczyk Józefa , Calik Jolanta 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the quality of carcasses and meat from selected native breeds and breeding lines of hens after using them for laying eggs in terms of their usefulness as raw material in traditional old polish cuisine. hens included in the programme for the protection of genetic resources were the object of this study. they belonged to the following breeds/breeding lines: greenleg partridge (Z-11), rhode Island red (r-11), new hampshire (n-11) and Barred rock (WJ-44) – 30 hens from each line. the hens were kept in a closed hen house under standard raising conditions. eight hens were selected from 56-week-old hens of each line which were subjected to analysis after being slaughtered. as a result of the research conducted, it was found that:
– Among the hens under study, heavier layers, i.e. Barred rock (WJ-44), new hampshire (n-11) and rhode Island red (r-11), which are characterized by good muscling and dressing percentage similar to that of broiler chickens, proved to be most suitable for use as meat.
– The meat from WJ-44 hens contained most cholesterol and least protein, and the meat from Z-11 birds had the least fat compared to the other lines.
– At the end of the laying period, meat and broth from WJ-44, n-11 and r-11 hens obtained better sensory scores than those from the carcasses of Z-11 hens, which makes them an attractive raw material for traditional polish cuisine.
Methodological Background of Post-Soviet Regionalism: The Case of Ukraine
Authors: Chuzhykov Viktor , Fedirko Oleksandr , Chuzhykov Andrii 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The transformational 1990s significantly differentiated the regional model of Ukraine, which eventually began to resemble a system of uncontrolled chronic economic decline, as the existing planning and regulatory methods had become redundant, the market-based approaches being not actualized. The methodological vacuum in which Ukraine found itself did not allow regions to solve the existing problems by means of European economic convergence instruments. Despite the fact that more and more theories and concepts appeared in the leading developed countries (regional competitiveness, city- region, beautiful places, creative city, localization, etc.), national science used outdated ideas of planned regulation, inappropriate in market economy. The effect of government policies resembled core measures of the neoliberal model, while maintaining a high degree of administrative centralization.
FDI inflow fundamentally altered the regional landscape. The leading position in accumulating the FDI stock belonged to Kyiv, which also produced the largest per capita GDP. In the last five years a revival of innovation activity took place in the Ukrainian regions. Eventually it obtained an undulating character, moving basically along two axes: Lviv-Kviv and Kyiv-Kharkiv. However, low FDI level in the worst performing regions could create an erroneous impression about the positive impact of FDI on regional economy.
A region's development trajectory&gt; might also be affected by the mentality of its inhabitants, as well as the media, whose impact can convey either a cohesive or disintegrating character. This was evidenced by the recent events in Ukraine, as well as the "East versus West” confrontation, which resulted in frustration, whereas the lack of tolerance among the population of certain regions provoked the bloodshed. Thus, identification of methodological background of post-Soviet regionalism on the example of Ukraine is an important scientific task, which may explain the essence of regional asymmetries in the post-Soviet states.
A Critical Assessment of a Eurosceptic Party Group on European Integration: A Case Study of the European Conservatives and Reformists Group
Authors: Akbaba Sertan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The article explores Euroscepticism and the way it is utilized within the politics of Europe, analyzed upon evidence from a Eurosceptic Euro-party located in the European Parliament, namely the European Conservatives and Reformists Group (ECR). The aim of this article is to clarify that the selected party&gt; disproves the argument of EU- criticism being an unfavourable condition, and, more importantly, its contribution to the political contestation in the EU. For such an assessment, a survey of the party&gt; manifesto, party working documents, as well as the discourses of the Member of the European Parliament (MEPs) will be analyzed, and the concept of Euroscepticism will be once again in the centre of this analysis. This argument is evaluated based on the transnational-level analysis of the aforementioned party, focusing primarily on three specific issues-the democratic deficit, the issue of sovereignty! and anti-immigration rhetoric.
The MODUS Approach to Formal Verification
Authors: Brewka Lukasz , Soler José , Berger Michael 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background: Software reliability is of great importance for the development of embedded systems that are often used in applications that have requirements for safety. Since the life cycle of embedded products is becoming shorter, productivity and quality simultaneously required and closely in the process of providing competitive products Objectives: In relation to this, MODUS (Method and supporting toolset advancing embedded systems quality) project aims to provide small and medium-sized businesses ways to improve their position in the embedded market through a pragmatic and viable solution Methods/Approach: This paper will describe the MODUS project with focus on the technical methodologies that can assist formal verification and formal model checking. Results: Based on automated analysis of the characteristics of the system and by controlling the choice of the existing opensource model verification engines, model verification producing inputs to be fed into these engines. Conclusions: The MODUS approach is aligned with present market needs; the familiarity with tools, the ease of use and compatibility/interoperability remain among the most important criteria when selecting the development environment for a project
Design of AC-DC Grid Connected Converter using Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Piasecki Szymon , Szmurlo Robert , Jasinski Marek 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Power electronic circuits, in particular AC-DC converters are complex systems, many different parameters and objectives have to be taken into account during the design process. Implementation of Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) seems to be attractive idea, which used as designer supporting tool gives possibility for better analysis of the designed system. This paper presents a short introduction to the MOO applied in the field of power electronics. Short introduction to the subject is given in section I. Then, optimization process and its elements are briefly described in section II. Design procedure with proposed optimization parameters and performance indices for AC-DC Grid Connected Converter (GCC) interfacing distributed systems is introduced in section III. Some preliminary optimization results, achieved on the basis of analytical and simulation study, are shown at each stage of designing process. Described optimization parameters and performance indices are part of developed global optimization method dedicated for ACDC GCC introduced in section IV. Described optimization method is under development and only short introduction and basic assumptions are presented. In section V laboratory prototype of high efficient and compact 14 kVA AC-DC converter is introduced. The converter is elaborated based on performed designing and optimization procedure with the use of silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductors. Finally, the paper is summarized and concluded in section VI. In presented work theoretical research are conducted in parallel with laboratory prototyping e.g. all theoretical ideas are verified in laboratory using modern DSP microcontrollers and prototypes of the ACDC GCC.
Sliding-Mode Observer for Speed and Position Sensorless Control of Linear-PMSM
Authors: Kazraji Saeed Masoumi , Soflayi Ramin Bavili , Sharifian Mohammad Bagher Bannae 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The paper presents a sliding-mode observer that utilizes sigmoid function for speed and position sensorless control of permanent-magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). In conventional sliding mode observer method there are the chattering phenomenon and the phase lag. Thus, in order to avoid the usage of the low pass filter and the phase compensator based on back EMF, in this paper a sliding mode observer with sigmoid function for detecting the back EMF in a PMLSM is designed to estimate the speed and the position of the rotor. Most of conventional sliding mode observers use sign or saturation functions which need low pass filter in order to detect back electromotive force (back EMF). In this paper a sigmoid function is used instead of discontinuous sign function to decrease undesirable chattering phenomenon. By reducing the chattering, detecting of the back EMF can be made directly from switching signal without any low pass filter. Thus the delay time in the proposed observer is eliminated because of the low pass filter. Furthermore, there is no need to compensate phase fault in position and speed estimating of linear-PMSM. Advantages of the proposed observer have been shown by simulation with MATLAB software.
Call Duration Characteristics based on Customers Location
Authors: Žvinys Karolis , Guršnys Darius 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Nowadays a lot of different researches are performed based on call duration distributions (CDD) analysis. However, the majority of studies are linked with social relationships between the people. Therefore the scarcity of information, how the call duration is associated with a user's location, is appreciable. The goal of this paper is to reveal the ties between user's voice call duration and the location of call. For this reason we analyzed more than 5 million calls from real mobile network, which were made over the base stations located in rural areas, roads, small towns, business and entertainment centers, residential districts. According to these site types CDD’s and characteristic features for call durations are given and discussed. Submitted analysis presents the users habits and behavior as a group (not an individual). The research showed that CDD’s of customers being them in different locations are not equal. It has been found that users at entertainment, business centers are tend to talk much shortly, than people being at home. Even more CDD can be distorted strongly, when machinery calls are evaluated. Hence to apply a common CDD for a whole network it is not recommended. The study also deals with specific parameters of call duration for distinguished user groups, the influence of network technology for call duration is considered.
In vitro antibacterial activity of several plant extracts and essential oils against Brucella melitensis
Authors: Safi Mazen , Al-Mariri Ayman 
Published: May 2014

Summary
Medicinal plants are considered to be new resources for the production of agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of some plants native to Syria in the treatment of brucellosis. In vitro activities of some essential oils and plant extracts of some medicinal plants against 89 Brucella melitensis isolates was determined by disc diffusion method at a concentration of 5%. The microdilution assay in the fluid medium was used to determine the MICs of essential oils and plant extracts. Among the evaluated herbs, only Thymus syriacus and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils and Laurus nobilis plant extract showed a high activity against B. melitensis strains. Thus, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC50) values for T. syriacus, C. zeylanicum, and L. nobilis against B. melitensis were 6.25, 3.125 and 6.25 μl/ml, respectively. Among studied essential oils and plant extracts, T. syriacus and C. zeylanicum essential oils, and L. nobilis plant extract were the most effective ones. Moreover, T. syriacus - C. zeylanicum combination was more effective than use of each of them alone. Then, T. syriacus and C. zeylanicum essential oils and L. nobilis plant extract could act as bactericidal agents against B. melitensis.
Plants as potential active components in treatment of androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Dawid-Pać Renata , Urbańska Maria , Dębosz Ilona , Nowak Gerard 
Published: May 2014

Summary
Androgenetic alopecia is caused by the influence of sex hormones on hair follicles and by hereditary factors. Characteristic for that type of alopecia is shortening of the hair growth phase and elongation of the rest phase caused by disturbance of the process of transformation of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. Treatment of that type of alopecia involves 5α-reductase inhibitors, antagonists of the androgenic receptor or stimulating proliferation of cells to induce the hair growth. A number of plant raw materials work that way, thus they can be used in treatment of this type of alopecia.
Hmga2 Expression in Renal Carcinoma and its Clinical Significance / Ekspresija Hmga2 U Karcinomu Bubrega I Njen Klinički Značaj
Authors: Liu Ying , Fu Qi-Zhong , Pu Lin , Meng Qing-Guo , Liu Xian-Feng , Dong Sheng-Fang , Yang Jian-Xun , Lv Guang-Yao 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackground: The objective of this study is to detect HMGA2 expression in renal carcinoma to explore its relationship with clinicopathology and its significance in prognosis. Expressions of HMGA2 mRNA and protein were detected in 50 renal carcinoma specimens, 50 corresponding adjacent normal kidney tissue samples and 40 renal benign tumour specimens via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical assay.Methods: Expression analysis was performed along with clinical data analysis. The relative expression levels of HMGA2 mRNA in renal carcinoma, renal benign tumour tissues and adjacent normal renal tissues were 0.84±0.23, 0.19±0.06 and 0.08±0.04, respectively. HMGA2 protein positive rates were 68.0%, 7.5% and 2.0%, with a significant difference (P<0.05). HMGA2 expression was not significantly correlated with gender, age, tumour size and histological type (P>0.05), but was significantly correlated with TNM stages and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).Conclusions: The expressions of HMGA2 gene and protein in renal carcinoma were closely correlated with tumour formation, progression and metastasis. HMGA2 may become a powerful new pathological marker and prognostic factor for renal carcinoma.
»Treatment Resistance« Enigma Resolved by Pharmacogenomics − A Case Study of Clozapine Therapy in Schizophrenia / Enigma »Terapo-Rezistence« Razrešena Uz Pomoć Farmakogenomike - Prikaz Slućaja Terapije Klozapinom U Shizofreniji
Authors: Marić Nadja P. , Nikolić Slobodanka Pejović , Buzadžić Ivana , Jovičić Milica , Andrić Sanja , Mihaljević Marina , Pavlović Zorana 
Published: May 2014

Summary
The introduction of antipsychotic medication in the 1950s forever changed the outlook on the treatment of schizophrenia, although there is still a large proportion of patients who do not reach functional recovery. At least 30% of patients do not respond to clozapine, the tricyclic dibenzodiazepine with complex pharmacological actions, which was proven to be more effective than any other antipsychotic in the treatment of schizophrenia. According to most of the therapeutic guidelines for schizophrenia, clozapine is the third line therapy for patients who did not respond to other antipsychotics. Large inter-individual variability exists for clozapine bioavailability and plasma steadystate concentrations and clearance. Clozapine is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme family (CYP450). Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), which is polymorphically expressed in humans, is the main enzyme of clozapine metabolism. This case report addresses the influence of CYP1A2*1F genetic polymorphism on cloza - pine metabolism, explains the primary non-response of a young patient with schizophrenia due to increased gene expression in homozygous genotype *1F/*1F (increased metabolism of clozapine) and underlies the importance of personalizing schizophrenia treatment by means of genetic and other molecular tools, at least in the cases of »treatment resistance«.
Questionable Reliability Of Homocysteine As The Metabolic Marker For Folate And Vitamin B12 Deficiency In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Beletić Anđelo , Mirković Duško , Dudvarski-Ilić Aleksandra , Milenković Branislava , Nagorni-Obradović Ljudmila , Đorđević Valentina , Ignjatović Svetlana , Majkić-Singh Nada 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackground:An increased homocysteine (Hcy) concentration may represent a metabolic marker of folate and vitamin B12deficiency, both significant public health problems. For different reasons, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to these deficiencies. The study evaluates the reliability of Hcy concentration in predicting folate or vitamin B12deficiency in these patients.Methods:A group of 50 COPD patients (28 males/22 females, age$({\rm{\bar x}} \pm {\rm{SD}} = 49.0 \pm 14.5)$years was enrolled. A chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay was applied for homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12concentration. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U and χ2tests, Spearman’s correlation and ROC analysis were included in the statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at 0.05.Results:Average (SD) concentrations of folate and vitamin B12were 4.13 (2.16) μg/L and 463.6 (271.0) ng/L, whereas only vitamin B12correlated with the Hcy level (P=−0.310 (R=0.029)). Gender related differences were not significant and only a borderline significant correlation between age and folate was confirmed (R=0.279 (P=0.047)). The incidence of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency differed significantly (P=0.000 and P<0.000 for folate and vitamin B12respectively), depending on the cut-off used for classification (4.4, 6.6 and 8.0 μg/L – folate; 203 and 473 ng/L – vitamin B12). ROC analyses failed to show any significance of hyperhomocysteinemia as a predictor of folate or vitamin B12deficiency.Conclusion:Reliability of the Hcy concentration as a biomarker of folate or vitamin B12depletion in COPD patients is not satisfactory, so their deficiency cannot be predicted by the occurrence of HHcy.
Direct Molecular Diagnosis of CYP21A2 Point Mutations in Macedonian and Serbian Patients with 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency/Direktna Molekularna Dijagnoza CYP21A2 Tačkaste Mutacije Kod Makedonskih I Srpskih Pacijenata Sa Nedostatkom 21-Hidroksilaze
Authors: Anastasovska Violeta , Milenković Tatjana , Kocova Mirjana 
Published: May 2014

Summary
Background: Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is present in 90-95% of all cases with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), an autosomal recessive disorder. It can present as the severe classical salt wasting (SW) or simple virilising (SV) form, or the milder, nonclassical form. Nine pseudo- gene-derived point mutations account for about 80% of all defects in the CYP21A2 gene coding the 21-hydroxylase enzyme.
Methods: We have studied nine CYP21A2 point mutations in 61 Macedonian and 24 Serbian patients with different clinical presentations of CAH, using the PCR/ACRS method.
Results: Six different mutations were detected in 71.3% of alleles of the Macedonian patients. The most prevalent mutation was IVS2. Mutations were detected in 85.4% of the SW, 83.4% SV and 47.7% LO alleles. In the Macedonian patients the most common genotype was IVS2/IVS2. Five different mutations were detected in 64.6% of alleles of the Serbian patients. The most preva- lent was P30L. Mutations were present in 83.3% SW, 80% SV and 50% of the LO alleles. In the Serbian patients, the P30L/P30L genotype was the most frequent.
Conclusions: Specific CYP21A2 mutations are involved in different clinical forms of CAH. High frequency of P30L was found in both populations. Also, high prevalence of the mild P30L mutation was found in both the Macedonian and Serbian classical SV patients. Our findings support the role of the P30L mutation in pronounced virilisation. An unusual finding is the low frequency of V281L in the Macedonian non-classical patients and its absence in the ones from Serbia.