bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of novel hybrid resins based on acetylene‐functional benzoxazine and polyvinylsilazane
Authors: Li Guangzhu , Luo Zhenhua , Han Weijian , Luo Yongming , Xu Caihong , Zhao Tong 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTA serial of addition‐curable hybrid resins for resin matrix of advanced composites are prepared by thermal prepolymerization between acetylene‐functional benzoxazine(BZ) and polyvinylsilazane(PSN) with various weight ratios. Processing capability of BZ‐PSN resin is investigated by measuring viscosity. Cure behavior is investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra. Thermal property of cured BZ‐PSN resin is investigated by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). BZ‐PSN resin shows a low viscosity of 40–180 mPa·s between 60 and 90°C, and maintains the low viscosity for 6 h, indicating that the resin is suitable for resin transfer molding (RTM) process to fabricate composites. DSC results show that BZ‐PSN resin can be cured completely at about 250°C without adding any other curing additives. FT‐IR shows the reaction between BZ and PSN take place. TGA shows that thermal stability of cured BZ‐PSN resin is increased with the content of polyvinylsilazane increasing both in nitrogen and in air. DMA shows cured hybrid resins have excellent thermal properties. The excellent processability and thermal properties suggest that BZ‐PSN resin is a promising candidate for resin matrix of advanced composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3794–3799, 2013
Germinal Center Kinase–like Kinase Overexpression in T Cells as a Novel Biomarker in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ming , Chuang Huai‐Chia , Lin Wen‐Chun , Tsai Ching‐Yi , Wu Chia‐Wei , Gong Ning‐Rong , Hung Wei‐Ting , Lan Tsuo‐Hung , Lan Joung‐Liang , Tan Tse‐Hua , Chen Der‐Yuan 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveGerminal center kinase–like kinase (GLK; also called MAPKKKK‐3) activates protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ) during T cell activation and controls autoimmunity in lupus patients. Intracellular kinases are involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We undertook this study to determine the role of GLK in RA.MethodsThe severity of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) was studied in GLK‐deficient mice. Expression levels of GLK from RA patients were determined by Western blotting, flow cytometry, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical staining. Localization of GLK in T cells was identified by confocal microscopy. RA disease activity was assessed using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints.ResultsGLK‐deficient mice displayed impaired CIA development and decreased inflammatory cytokine levels. Local T cell infiltration and collagen restimulation responses were impaired by GLK deficiency. RA patients showed significantly higher GLK protein and messenger RNA levels in peripheral blood T cells than did healthy controls. GLK‐overexpressing T cells in synovial fluid and synovial tissue samples from RA patients were increased compared with those from osteoarthritis patients. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed that GLK colocalized and coexisted with phosphorylated PKCθ in T cells from RA patients. Frequencies of GLK‐expressing T cells were significantly correlated with RA disease activity.ConclusionGLK overexpression in T cells contributes to the pathogenesis of RA, indicating that GLK is a novel biomarker for autoimmune disease severity and a potential therapeutic target for RA.
Verformungen von Stahl‐ und Spannbetonträgern mit großen Stegöffnungen
Authors: Dreßen Tobias , Claßen Martin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractZur erfolgreichen Umsetzung nachhaltiger Gebäudekonzepte in der Praxis bedarf es innovativer Deckenlösungen, die durch hohe Flexibilität und Anpassungsfähigkeit beliebige Nutzungsänderungen ohne nennenswerte Eingriffe in das Tragwerk ermöglichen. Diese Flexibilität wird durch große Spannweiten und eine anpassungsfähige Leitungsführung der Gebäudetechnik erreicht. Zur Reduzierung der Deckenhöhe und des Ressourcenverbrauchs existieren Bestrebungen, die Gebäudetechnik vollständig in die Konstruktionshöhe der Decke zu integrieren. Dies erfordert die Anordnung von Öffnungen in den Stegen der aufgelösten Tragstruktur.Für schlanke Tragelemente mit großen Spannweiten unter Biegebeanspruchung ist die Begrenzung der Verformungen häufig maßgebend für die Bemessung. Dabei ist neben zeitabhängigen Effekten insbesondere der Einfluss von Stegöffnungen auf die Verformungen zu berücksichtigen.Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden bestehende Modelle zur Bestimmung der Zusatzverformungen infolge von Stegöffnungen in Stahl‐ und Spannbetonträgern analysiert und ein für eine Handrechnung geeigneter Ansatz für Spannbetonträger hergeleitet. Ein Vergleich mit Versuchsergebnissen bestätigt die trendfreie Erfassung der wesentlichen Einflussgrößen auf die Zusatzverformungen des entwickelten Modells.Deformation of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams with large webopeningsThe success of sustainable building concepts in practice strongly depends on the development of innovative floor slab solutions which feature high flexibility and adaptability and allow for easy changes of utilization. This flexibility is achieved by large spans and adaptive routing of building services. To reduce the construction height and the resource demand, there are efforts to fully integrate the building services into the construction height of the floor slab. This necessitates the arrangement of openings in the filigree structural elements.For slender structural elements under bending loads with large spans the deflection control is decisive for design. Beside time depending effects the influence of large web openings on the deflections has to be taken into account. In this paper, existing models for the determination of the additional deflections due to large web openings in reinforced and prestressed concrete beams are analyzed and a simple approach for prestressed girders which is suitable for hand calculations is developed. A comparison with experimental results confirms the trend‐free detection of the significant factors influencing the additional deformations of the developed model.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Durchstanzen von Einzelfundamenten mit baupraktischen Abmessungen
Authors: Siburg Carsten , Hegger Josef 
Published: July 2013

AbstractZur Beurteilung des Durchstanztragverhaltens von Einzelfundamenten mit baupraktischen Abmessungen wurden 13 Durchstanzversuche an Platten mit einer gleichmäßigen Sohlpressung durchgeführt. Das Versuchsprogramm an den quadratischen Fundamentplatten mit und ohne Durchstanzbewehrung umfasst Fundamentbreiten von b = 1,20 bis 2,70 m und Plattendicken zwischen h = 0,45 und 0,65 m bei Schubschlankheiten zwischen aλ/d = 1,25 und 2,00.Neben den gemessenen Stahldehnungen der Biegezug‐ und der Bügelbewehrung werden die Dickenmessungen und Sägeschnitte herangezogen, um das innere Riss‐ und Tragverhalten zu beurteilen. Zusammen mit den bereits am Institut für Massivbau durchgeführten Durchstanzversuchen an Einzelfundamenten erlauben die neuen Versuche eine Beschreibung der Einflüsse aus dem Maßstabseffekt der Plattendicke, der Betondruckfestigkeit, dem Längsbewehrungsgrad und einer Durchstanzbewehrung.Experimental Investigations on Punching Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Footings with realistic dimensionsTo evaluate the punching shear behaviour of footings with realistic dimensions, punching tests on 13 uniformly loaded specimens were conducted. The dimensions of the footings were between 1.20 m and 2.70 m in square and the thickness of the footing varying between 0.45 m and 0.65 m, resulting in a shear slenderness aλ/d between approximately 1.25 and 2.00.In all tests, the steel strains of the flexural reinforcement and the stirrups were monitored. To examine internal cracking and failure characteristic, the increase of the slab thickness was measured during testing and together with the saw cuts evaluated. The aim of the present test program in combination with former tests conducted at RWTH University is to study the main parameters, which affect the punching shear strength of footings such as size effect of the effective depth, concrete compression strength, flexural reinforcement ratio, and punching shear reinforcement.
Validation of a new HPLC‐UV method for determination of the antibiotic linezolid in human plasma and in bronchoalveolar lavage
Authors: Fortuna Serena , De Pascale Gennaro , Ragazzoni Enzo , Antonelli Massimo , Navarra Pierluigi 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTA rapid and selective HPLC‐UV method was developed for the quantification of linezolid (LNZ) in human plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at the concentrations associated with therapy. Plasma samples were extracted by solid‐phase extraction followed by evaporation to dryness and reconstitution in mobile phase solution. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of dihydrogen phosphate buffer 50 mm (pH 3.5) and acetonitrile (60:40 v/v). The detection was performed using a photodiode array. Under these conditions, a single chromatographic run could be completed within 12 min. The method was validated by estimating the precision and the accuracy for inter‐ and intra‐day analysis in the concentration range of 25–25600 ng/mL. The method was linear over the investigated range with all the correlation coefficients R > 0.999. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was within 8.90% and the accuracy ranged from −4.76 to +5.20%. This rapid and sensitive method was fully validated and could be applied to pharmacokinetic study for the determination of LNZ levels in human plasma and BAL samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient chromatographic separation of intact proteins derivatized with a fluorogenic reagent for proteomics analysis
Authors: Ichibangase Tomoko , Yazawa Itaru , Imai Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTTo achieve more efficient separation of intact proteins for proteomics applications, three columns of differing diameters (4.0, 4.6 and 6.0 mm internal diameter) were chosen for comparison and investigated to identify optimal conditions. The column with the largest diameter gave the largest peak capacity, showing the efficient separation of intact proteins, such as two protein standards, glutathione S‐transferase and β‐lactoglobulin. On the other hand, a low‐molecular‐weight compound was separated effectively on the smaller diameter column, demonstrating that the separation mechanism seems to differ between high‐ and low‐molecular‐weight compounds. Finally, using the 6.0 mm i.d. column, 680 protein peaks were observed in mouse liver extracts, demonstrating that a wider diameter separation column is effective for intact protein separations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The advances of electromigration techniques applied for alkaloid analysis
Authors: Dziomba Szymon , Belka Mariusz , Kowalski Piotr , Plenis Alina , Bączek Tomasz 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAlkaloids are natural products of metabolism found mainly in plants. Their diversified pharmacological activities as medical agents and extensive occurrence in nutritional products demand the development of reliable and sensitive analytical tools. This review presents the developments in the field of electromigration techniques and specifically capillary and microchip electrophoresis. We include the main aspects of interest to researches over the past 12 years. The scope of this review covers detection, on‐ and off‐line preconcentration techniques, chiral separation and developments in the field of microchip electrophoresis. Their applications in alkaloid determination, capillary electrochromatography and inter‐molecular interactions are also examined. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and quantification of 10‐hydroxycamptothecine in Camptotheca acuminate and its medicinal preparation by liquid chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Qinhua , Pan Guangmin , Xiong Lin , He Hongsheng , Yang Hangdong 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTA rapid and sensitive method for the identification and quantification of 10‐hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT) in Camptotheca acuminata Decne is described. The HCPT standard solution was directly infused into the ion trap mass spectrometers (IT/MS) for collecting the MSn spectra. The electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectral fragmentation pathway of HCPT was proposed and the ESI‐MSn fragmentation behavior of HCPT was deduced in detail. The major fragment ions of HCPT were confirmed by MSn in both negative ion and positive ion mode. The possible main cleavage pathway of fragment ions was studied. Quantification of HCPT was assigned in negative‐ion mode at a product ion at m/z 363 → 319 by LC‐MS. The LC‐MS method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, and then used to determine the content of the HCPT. Lastly, the LC‐MS method was successfully applied to determine HCPT in real samples of Camptotheca acuminate Decne and its medicinal preparation in the first time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revising the Corporate Social Performance Model – Towards Knowledge Creation for Sustainable Development
Authors: Siltaoja Marjo Elisa 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to offer a revision of the corporate social performance (CSP) model. CSP exemplifies how corporate social responsibility translates into an organization's practice by focusing on three key features of performance: principles, processes and outcomes. However, the development of the model has not kept pace with the literature on social and environmental responsibility. This study builds on an argument that if corporate social responsibility in general – in which CSP plays an important role – is to respond to the challenges of sustainable development, the CSP of businesses could be more profoundly planned in order to design knowledge outcomes that contribute to meeting those challenges. The paper thus answers the recent call for the development of a CSP model by revising some of the key elements in the existing model and also by adding a knowledge creation dimension. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The Effect of Family Ownership on Different Dimensions of Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Large US Firms
Authors: Block Joern H. , Wagner Marcus 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious research has shown that family firms differ from non‐family firms with regard to aggregate measures of corporate social responsibility (CSR). We argue that CSR is a multidimensional concept that comprises several aspects, which range from employee relations to ecological concerns and product issues. Based on an organizational and family identity perspective, we argue that the effect of family ownership can differ across various CSR dimensions. Family firms can be responsible and irresponsible regarding CSR at the same time. We use a dataset of large US firms to test our hypotheses. Our Bayesian regressions show that family ownership is negatively associated with community‐related CSR performance and positively associated with diversity‐, employee‐, environment‐ and product‐related aspects of CSR. The largest positive effect of family ownership on CSR performance exists with regard to product‐related aspects of CSR. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Inhibition of MMP14 potentiates the therapeutic effect of temozolomide and radiation in gliomas
Authors: Ulasov Ilya , Thaci Bart , Sarvaiya Purvaba , Yi Ruiyang , Guo Donna , Auffinger Brenda , Pytel Peter , Zhang Lingjiao , Kim Chung Kwon , Borovjagin Anton , Dey Mahua , Han Yu , Baryshnikov Anatoly Y. , Lesniak Maciej S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMetalloproteinases are membrane‐bound proteins that play a role in the cellular responses to antiglioma therapy. Previously, it has been shown that treatment of glioma cells with temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation (XRT) induces the expression of metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14). To investigate the role of MMP14 in gliomagenesis, we used several chemical inhibitors which affect MMP14 expression. Of all the inhibitors tested, we found that Marimastat not only inhibits the expression of MMP14 in U87 and U251 glioma cells, but also induces cell cycle arrest. To determine the relationship between MMP14 inhibition and alteration of the cell cycle, we used an RNAi technique. Genetic knockdown of MMP14 in U87 and U251 glioma cells induced G2/M arrest and decreased proliferation. Mechanistically, we show that TMZ and XRT regulated expression of MMP14 in clinical samples and in vitro models through downregulation of microRNA374. In vivo genetic knockdown of MMP14 significantly decreased tumor growth of glioma xenografts and improved survival of glioma‐bearing mice. Moreover, the combination of MMP14 silencing with TMZ and XRT significantly improved the survival of glioma‐bearing mice compared to a single modality treatment group. Therefore, we show that the inhibition of MMP14 sensitizes tumor cells to TMZ and XRT and could be used as a future strategy for antiglioma therapy.
Ethical Considerations involved in Seeking the Views of Young People and their Parents on Medical Reports received following a Child Protection Medical Examination
Authors: Higgs Sarah , Finlay Fiona 
Published: July 2013

Key Practitioner MessagesCopying correspondence and reports to parents is one approach to the principle of professionals working in partnership with parents.There is currently little research on what constitutes good practice in copying correspondence and reports to parents of maltreated children; a poor response rate limited the ability of this project to contribute to this.The difficulties encountered in obtaining ethical approval for this study have implications for other researchers in the child protection field.
Significant Efficiency Enhancement of Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics Using Solution‐Processable Interfacial Bilayers
Authors: Zhong Ze , Liu Jian , Xie Zhi Yuan , Wang Zhi Yuan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA solution‐processable interfacial bilayer is found to be able to significantly increase a short‐circuit current and thus the overall performance of bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells. The interfacial bilayer is comprised of surface‐modified single‐layer graphene oxide and a donor polymer. The use of the interfacial bilayer can minimize exciton quenching and inverse current and does not alter the energy level of photovoltaic devices, which is also applicable to other organic optoelectronic diode devices.
Simultaneous Direct Voltammetric Determination of Metal‐Oxide Nanoparticles from Their Mixture (CuO/NiO)
Authors: Teo Wei Zhe , Pumera Martin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMetallic oxide nanoparticles are increasingly being incorporated into consumer products, posing health hazards and damage to the ecology when they are released into the environment. In view of this situation, the development of highly sensitive and facile methods for the detection and quantification of harmful metallic oxide nanoparticles present in a sample is necessary. In addition, it is important to be able to detect nanoparticles from their mixtures. Hence, in this preliminary work, the electrochemical behaviors of copper oxide/nickel oxide nanoparticle mixtures (CuO–NiO NP) in alkaline media have been studied to investigate the possibility of simultaneously determining two nanoparticles in a complex system. It was discovered that this technique could quantify the amount of copper oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles in the range of 0.5–2.0 μg if the mass ratio of the copper oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles in the mixture is one. However, if the ratio deviates from one, quantification becomes unreliable. More studies need to be carried out to investigate the reasons behind this phenomenon to allow for indiscriminant application of this technique in the future.
Mechanistic Study of the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Alcohols by TEMPO and NHPI
Authors: Rafiee Mohammad , Karimi Babak , Alizadeh Saber 
Published: July 2013

AbstractKinetic studies and optimization are of interest as essential steps in the field of catalysis. We performed a complementary study of the electrocatalytic performances of (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl (TEMPO) and N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) towards alcohol oxidation by using voltammetry as a versatile and informative technique. Both organocatalysts exhibited a good and well‐defined electrocatalytic activity in aqueous solution. Investigations of the efficacy of the reaction conditions revealed that the catalytic performance is greatly affected by the pH of the solution—and that there is a fundamental difference in reactivity between these apparently similar systems. TEMPO is an efficient catalyst in mild basic carbonate buffer, whereas NHPI acts efficiently in diluted acetic acid solution. Moreover, the effects of the alcohol type and the substituents were evaluated for a complete series of alcohols, and new kinetic data were obtained by means of voltammetric analyses and digital simulations of the cyclic voltammograms. Preparative electrocatalytic conversions of some alcohols were also examined under optimum conditions, and the results were encouraging.
Electrochemically Driven Cup‐and‐Ball CuI and CuII Complexes
Authors: Menard Nicolas , Hériot Yohann , Le Mest Yves , Reinaud Olivia , Le Poul Nicolas , Colasson Benoît 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe conformation of copper “funnel” complexes that contains a coordinating appended arm can be electrochemically switched between endo, which corresponds to the self‐coordination of the arm through the cavity, and exo positions. This process, which is reminiscent of a cup‐and‐ball device, is activated by an exogenous ligand for complexes that contain a hydroxy‐terminated arm. The exchange is electrochemically triggered and is operated in either CuI or CuII redox states, depending on the exogenous ligand, that is, CO or n‐butylamine, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid State Structure of Bi(N3)3, Bi(N3)3·Solvates and the Structural Dynamics in the [Bi(N3)6]3‐ Anion.
Authors: Rosenstengel Kati , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHighly explosive Bi(N3)3 is obtained by the reaction of BiF3 with Me3SiN3 in MeCN under solvothermal conditions at 90—100 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Semiconducting [(Bi4Te4Br2) (Al2Cl6‐xBrx)]Cl2 and [Bi2Se2Br](AlCl4): Cationic Chalcogenide Frameworks from Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Biswas Kanishka , Chung In , Song Jung‐Hwan , Malliakas Christos D. , Freeman Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe new semiconducting halide‐chalcogenide [(Bi4Te4Br2) (Al2Cl5.46Br0.54)]Cl2 (I) is synthesized by reacting Bi, Te, and excess AlCl3 in [emim]Br (closed glass vial, 165 °C, 5 d; 74% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Double‐Asymmetric Hydrogenation Strategy for the Reduction of 1,1‐Diaryl Olefins Applied to an Improved Synthesis of CuIPhEt, a C2‐Symmetric N‐Heterocyclic Carbenoid.
Authors: Spahn Elizabeth , Albright Abigail , Shevlin Michael , Pauli Larissa , Pfaltz Andreas , Gawley Robert E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis publication consists of optimization studies for the double‐asymmetric hydrogenation of compound (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfenate Substitution as a Complement and Alternative to Sulfoxidation in the Diastereoselective Preparation of Chiral β‐Substituted β‐Amino Sulfoxides.
Authors: Soederman Stefan C. , Schwan Adrian L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCoupling of arene‐, alkene‐, and alkanesulfenate anions with chiral β‐amino iodides is found to provide a useful method to prepare optically active β‐amino sulfoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyst‐Controlled Site‐Selective Allenylation of Ketones and Aldehydes with Propargyl Boronates.
Authors: Fandrick Keith R. , et al. et al. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe substitution pattern both on the copper‐catalyst ligand and on the propargyl boronate are crucial for the site selectivity of the reaction.