bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of locally‐delivered 1% metformin gel in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Pradeep Avani R. , Patnaik Kaushik , Nagpal Kanika , Karvekar Shruti , Ramamurthy Bhaskar L. , Naik Savitha B. , Suke Deepak , Singh Priyanka , Raju Arjun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveMetformin (MF), used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, has shown to possess properties favoring osteoblastic proliferation. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of MF 1% gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis.MethodsThe study comprised 65 individuals divided into two groups: 1% MF with SRP and placebo gel with SRP. Clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months; they included plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Intrabony defect depth (IBD) was evaluated at the end of 6 months using computer‐aided software.ResultsThe mean PD reduction, CAL gain, and IBD depth reduction were found to be greater in the MF group than in the placebo group at all visits. The percentage of defect depth reduction was significantly greater in the MF group (26.8 ± 5.52%) than in the placebo sites (4.79 ± 2.30%, P < 0.001).ConclusionOne percent MF was found to significantly improve clinical and radiographic parameters in intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Preservation of protein fluorescence in embedded human dendritic cells for targeted 3D light and electron microscopy
Authors: HÖHN K. , FUCHS J. , FRÖBER A. , KIRMSE R. , GLASS B. , ANDERS‐ÖSSWEIN M. , WALTHER P. , KRÄUSSLICH H.‐G. , DIETRICH C. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIn this study, we present a correlative microscopy workflow to combine detailed 3D fluorescence light microscopy data with ultrastructural information gained by 3D focused ion beam assisted scanning electron microscopy. The workflow is based on an optimized high pressure freezing/freeze substitution protocol that preserves good ultrastructural detail along with retaining the fluorescence signal in the resin embedded specimens. Consequently, cellular structures of interest can readily be identified and imaged by state of the art 3D confocal fluorescence microscopy and are precisely referenced with respect to an imprinted coordinate system on the surface of the resin block. This allows precise guidance of the focused ion beam assisted scanning electron microscopy and limits the volume to be imaged to the structure of interest. This, in turn, minimizes the total acquisition time necessary to conduct the time consuming ultrastructural scanning electron microscope imaging while eliminating the risk to miss parts of the target structure. We illustrate the value of this workflow for targeting virus compartments, which are formed in HIV‐pulsed mature human dendritic cells.
Stereological reconstruction of polycrystalline materials
Authors: LIEBSCHER A. , JEULIN D. , LANTUÉJOUL C. 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYLaguerre tessellations are suitable models for many polycrystalline materials. In this work, we present a reconstruction‐based approach to fit a spatial Laguerre tessellation model to a plane section of a cellular material under the condition that one section of the model resembles the observed section of the material. To account for this special requirement, we introduce a novel Euclidean distance‐based criterion for the model fitting. The model fitting itself is based on Simulated Annealing. If the structure under consideration is a Laguerre tessellation, we found a nearly perfect reconstruction of its spatial cell characteristics in the model. Even for a real sample of a sintered alumina the observed section is captured quite well by the model.
Automated image analysis of nuclear atypia in high‐power field histopathological image
Authors: LU CHENG , JI MENGYAO , MA ZHEN , MANDAL MRINAL 
Published: March 2015

SummaryAimsWe developed a computer‐aided technique to study nuclear atypia classification in high‐power field haematoxylin and eosin stained images.Methods and resultsAn automated technique for nuclear atypia score (NAS) calculation is proposed. The proposed technique uses sophisticated digital image analysis and machine‐learning methods to measure the NAS for haematoxylin and eosin stained images. The proposed technique first segments all nuclei regions. A set of morphology and texture features is extracted from presegmented nuclei regions. The histogram of each feature is then calculated to characterize the statistical information of the nuclei. Finally, a support vector machine classifier is applied to classify a high‐power field image into different nuclear atypia classes. A set of 1188 digital images was analysed in the experiment. We successfully differentiated the high‐power field image with NAS1 versus non‐NAS1, NAS2 versus non‐NAS2 and NAS3 versus non‐NAS3, with area under receiver‐operating characteristic curve of 0.90, 0.86 and 0.87, respectively. In three classes evaluation, the average classification accuracy was 78.79%. We found that texture‐based feature provides best performance for the classification.ConclusionThe automated technique is able to quantify statistical features that may be difficult to be measured by human and demonstrates the future potentials of automated image analysis technique in histopathology analysis.
Transparency in the Financial System: Rollover Risk and Crises
Authors: BOUVARD MATTHIEU , CHAIGNEAU PIERRE , MOTTA ADOLFO DE 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWe present a theory of optimal transparency when banks are exposed to rollover risk. Disclosing bank‐specific information enhances the stability of the financial system during crises, but has a destabilizing effect in normal economic times. Thus, the regulator optimally increases transparency during crises. Under this policy, however, information disclosure signals a deterioration of economic fundamentals, which gives the regulator ex post incentives to withhold information. This commitment problem precludes a disclosure policy that provides ex ante optimal insurance against aggregate shocks, and can result in excess opacity that increases the likelihood of a systemic crisis.
An Information‐Based Theory of Time‐Varying Liquidity
Authors: DALEY BRENDAN , GREEN BRETT 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWe propose an information‐based theory to explain time variation in liquidity and link it to a variety of patterns in asset markets. In “normal times,” the market is fully liquid and gains from trade are realized immediately. However, the equilibrium also involves periods during which liquidity “dries up,” which leads to endogenous liquidation costs. Traders correctly anticipate such costs, which reduces their willingness to pay. This foresight leads to a novel feedback effect between prices and market liquidity, which are jointly determined in equilibrium. The model also predicts that contagious sell‐offs can occur after sufficiently bad news.
Diagnostic challenges of oral and cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma in resource‐constrained settings
Authors: Speicher David J. , Wanzala Peter , D'Lima Melvin , Njiru Anthony , Chindia Mark , Dimba Elisabeth , Johnson Newell W. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesKaposi's sarcoma (KS), caused by HHV‐8, is the most frequent HIV‐associated malignancy worldwide and remains a major scourge in Sub‐Saharan Africa. KS is also endemic in much of Africa. There is a risk of misdiagnosis based solely on clinical appearance and haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, especially with other reactive and neoplastic vascular proliferations which occur in the mouth. This study examined oral and cutaneous biopsies from clinically diagnosed lesions of KS in Kenya, using histopathology supplemented with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HHV‐8 as confirmation of diagnosis.MethodsBiopsies of 49 lesions (28 oral, 21 cutaneous) previously diagnosed as ‘KS’ were re‐examined by H&E staining and IHC targeting HHV‐8 LANA‐1. Positive controls were sections from embedded BCBL‐1 cell lines. Negative controls were from three different HHV‐8‐negative biopsies. Confirmation of HHV‐8 immunohistochemistry was sought by PCR and by determining the HHV‐8 ORFK1 subtype.ResultsWhilst most cases were confirmed, 12 oral and 4 cutaneous lesions displayed clinical and histological features of KS but were negative to HHV‐8 IHC. These oral lesions were re‐diagnosed as pyogenic granulomata (n = 6), deep mycosis (n = 1), inflamed mucosa (n = 2) or ‘uncertain but not KS’ (n = 3). Whilst PCR is usually helpful in differentiating HHV‐8 disease, all samples were HHV‐8 PCR positive, with identical sequences, suggesting cross‐contamination of samples in the original pathology laboratories.ConclusionHHV‐8 IHC is essential for the correct diagnosis of KS, but due to the high level of contamination in resource‐poor settings, PCR is inadvisable.
Quantitative analysis of cadherin-11 and β-catenin signalling during proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis-derived synovial fibroblast cells
Authors: Yoshioka Ryosuke , Kita Yasuhiro , Nagahira Asako , Manno Atsushi , Makita Naoyuki , Tomita Urara , Murakawa Masao 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Cadherin-11 (CDH11) is an adhesion molecule that anchors β-catenin and is involved with various functions of synovial fibroblast cells (SFCs) during the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the mechanism of CDH11 during RA-SFC proliferation is unclear. The aim of our study was to clarify the involvement of CDH11 and β-catenin signalling during proliferation.

Methods
IL-1β-induced and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced cell proliferation, with CDH11 siRNAs, β-catenin-specific siRNAs and a CDH11-neutralizing antibody, were assessed by 5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine ELISA.

Key findings
Using CDH11 siRNAs, there were a 42% reduction in IL-1β-induced proliferation and a 64% reduction in β-catenin protein. When β-catenin siRNAs were applied, there was a 63% reduction in IL-1β-induced proliferation. The median effective concentration (EC50) values for IL-1β-induced proliferation via CDH11-mediated β-catenin-dependent, total β-catenin-dependent and β-catenin-independent signalling were 0.0015, 0.016 and 0.18 ng/ml, respectively. Blocking CDH11 ligation with a CDH11-neutralizing antibody did not decrease IL-1β-induced proliferation.

Conclusions
CDH11-mediated β-catenin signalling was 42% involved in IL-1β-induced proliferation and had the highest susceptibility to IL-1β among the proliferative signallings analysed in this study. The mode of action for CDH11 during the cell proliferation was likely associated with a pool of β-catenin protein. In contrast, CDH11 and β-catenin were not involved in TNF-α-induced RA-SFC proliferation.
Impact glass spherules in the Chicxulub K‐Pg event bed at Beloc, Haiti: Alteration patterns
Authors: Ritter Xenia , Deutsch Alexander , Berndt Jasper , Robin Eric 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe have investigated six impact glass spherules from the K‐Pg event bed at Beloc, Haiti, using optical and electron microscopy, electron microprobe and in situ laser ablation–mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS; 37 trace elements, spot size 90–35 μm), in order to understand geochemical changes during alteration. The mm‐sized glass spherules are partly or totally altered to smectite, but original textural features are preserved. The average trace‐element composition of glass matches that one of the upper continental crust. Hints for a “meteoritic component” are lacking (Ni/Cr < 1.3; Pt below detection limit). Compared to this fresh glass, smectites are strongly depleted in trace elements, except for Li, Sc, V, Ni, Ga, Ge, and Ba. The chondrite‐normalized REE distribution patterns are flat with subchondritic abundances, related to their very low degree of crystallinity. We observe a positive Eu and a strong negative Ce anomaly; the latter is explained by formation of an organic Ce4+‐complex, soluble under reducing conditions. Zr/Hf of glasses and smectites is chondritic to superchondritic (35–40), whereas Nb/Ta in smectite is subchondritic (5–12) compared to Nb/Ta in the glass (~14–18). The low Nb/Ta is due to the low Nb concentrations in the smectite. Using in situ techniques with high spatial resolution, we have documented for the first time the significant changes in diagnostic elemental ratios during alteration of glass spherules. This has to be taken into account in the interpretation of geochemical data of not only impact materials but also volcanic glass, especially if bulk rock methods are used.
Relationship of newborn weight loss to milk supply concern and anxiety: the impact on breastfeeding duration
Authors: Flaherman Valerie J. , Beiler Jessica S. , Cabana Michael D. , Paul Ian M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMilk supply concern is the most common reason for breastfeeding discontinuation and maternal anxiety is also associated with reduced breastfeeding duration. Newborn excess weight loss (EWL) could trigger milk supply concern and anxiety and might be amenable to modification. Our objective was to determine the relationship between EWL and the development of milk supply concern and anxiety and the effect of such development on breastfeeding duration. We conducted a cohort analysis using data previously obtained from a randomised controlled trial comparing two post‐hospital discharge follow‐up strategies. For 1107 well, singleton infants born at ≥34 weeks, we extracted data on all inpatient infant weights. EWL was defined as the loss of ≥10% of birthweight. We surveyed mothers to obtain data on state anxiety and milk supply concern at birth and at 2 weeks. Our final outcome was breastfeeding at 6 months. Seventy (6.3%) infants developed EWL during the birth hospitalisation. At 2 weeks, milk supply concern and positive anxiety screen were more common (42% and 18%, respectively) among mothers whose infants had had EWL than among mothers whose infants had not had EWL (20% and 6%, respectively) (P < 0.001 for each comparison). Mothers with milk supply concern at 2 weeks were much less likely to be breastfeeding at 6 months, with odds ratio of 0.47 (0.30, 0.74) in multivariate analysis. EWL may increase milk supply concern and anxiety and these may reduce breastfeeding duration. Ameliorating EWL might alleviate milk supply concern and anxiety and improve breastfeeding duration.
An expanded regulatory network temporally controls Candida albicans biofilm formation
Authors: Fox Emily P. , Bui Catherine K. , Nett Jeniel E. , Hartooni Nairi , Mui Michael C. , Andes David R. , Nobile Clarissa J. , Johnson Alexander D. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryCandida albicans biofilms are composed of highly adherent and densely arranged cells with properties distinct from those of free‐floating (planktonic) cells. These biofilms are a significant medical problem because they commonly form on implanted medical devices, are drug resistant and are difficult to remove. C. albicans biofilms are not static structures; rather they are dynamic and develop over time. Here we characterize gene expression in biofilms during their development, and by comparing them to multiple planktonic reference states, we identify patterns of gene expression relevant to biofilm formation. In particular, we document time‐dependent changes in genes involved in adhesion and metabolism, both of which are at the core of biofilm development. Additionally, we identify three new regulators of biofilm formation, Flo8, Gal4, and Rfx2, which play distinct roles during biofilm development over time. Flo8 is required for biofilm formation at all time points, and Gal4 and Rfx2 are needed for proper biofilm formation at intermediate time points.
Circulating tumour necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 predict contrast‐induced nephropathy and progressive renal dysfunction: A prospective cohort study
Authors: An Jung Nam , Yoo Kyung Don , Hwang Jin Ho , Kim Hack‐Lyoung , Kim Sang‐Hyun , Yang Seung Hee , Kim Jin Hyuk , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Yun Kyu , Kim Yon Su , Lim Chun Soo , Lee Jung Pyo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimContrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is an important cause of hospital‐acquired acute kidney injury. An accurate understanding of the pathogenesis of CIN is crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical role of circulating tumour necrosis factor receptors (cTNFRs) in CIN.MethodsFrom May 2013 to February 2014, 262 patients who underwent coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention at Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center were enrolled. CIN was defined as either an increase in serum creatinine ≥ 22.1 μmol/L or ≥ 25% within 48 h after the procedure.ResultsDiabetes and chronic kidney disease accounted for 27.5% and 17.6% of the patients, respectively, and the mean age was 65 years. All patients received fluid therapy, and 36.3% underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. A total of 4.2% of the patients developed CIN; younger age, underlying diseases (e.g., stroke and chronic kidney disease), the use of N‐acetylcysteine, and elevated concentrations of ln(cTNFRs) were associated with development of CIN. Increased values of ln(cTNFR1) (OR 6.32, 95% CI 2.46–16.28, P < 0.001) and ln(cTNFR2) (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.26–8.31, P = 0.015) were significantly associated with CIN after adjusting for other risk factors, including baseline renal function. Moreover, an increase of cTNFRs levels was independently correlated with the deterioration of renal function.ConclusionMarkedly elevated concentrations of circulating TNFRs were correlated with the occurrence of CIN and significantly associated with prolonged renal dysfunction regardless of the development of CIN.
Sleep and nursing care activities in an intensive care unit
Authors: Ritmala‐Castren Marita , Virtanen Irina , Leivo Sanna , Kaukonen Kirsi‐Maija , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the quality of sleep of non‐intubated patients and the night‐time nursing care activities in an intensive care unit. The study also aimed to evaluate the effect of nursing care activities on the quality of sleep. An overnight polysomnography was performed in 21 alert, non‐intubated, non‐sedated adult patients, and all nursing care activities that involved touching the patient were documented by the bedside nurse. The median (interquartile range) amount of sleep was 387 (170, 486) minutes. The portion of deep non‐rapid‐eye‐movement (non‐REM) sleep varied from 0% to 42% and REM sleep from 0% to 65%. The frequency of arousals and awakenings varied from two to 73 per hour. The median amount of nursing care activities was 0.6/h. Every tenth activity presumably awakened the patient. Patients who had more care activities had more light N1 sleep, less light N2 sleep, and less deep sleep. Nursing care was often performed while patients were awake. However, only 31% of the intervals between nursing care activities were over 90 min. More attention should be paid to better clustering of care activities.
Vagotomy prevents the effect of probiotics on caspase activity in a model of postmyocardial infarction depression
Authors: Malick M. , Gilbert K. , Daniel J. , Arseneault‐Breard J. , Tompkins T. A. , Godbout R. , Rousseau G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) is associated with apoptosis in the amygdala and, ultimately, with clinical signs of depression. Different treatments have proven to be beneficial in preventing depression, including combination of the probiotics Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum for prophylaxis. We have speculated previously that the benefit of these probiotics is due to their anti‐inflammatory properties, and evidence suggests that an intact vagus nerve is important for this effect to occur. This study was designed to ascertain vagus nerve involvement in the beneficial influence of probiotics on caspase activities in our post‐MI animal model of depression.MethodsProbiotics and/or vehicle were administered daily to male adult rats, 14 days before MI and until euthanasia. Vagotomy was performed in subgroups of rats 40 min before MI. They were sacrificed after 3 days of reperfusion, and MI size was assessed along with caspase‐3 and ‐8 activities in the amygdala.Key ResultsProbiotics had no effect on infarct size but vagotomy increased it. Caspase‐3 and caspase‐8 activities in the amygdala were higher in MI than in sham‐operated rats, and this outcome was reversed by probiotics. The beneficial influence of probiotics was abolished by vagotomy.Conclusions & InferencesOur data indicate that the effect of probiotics on caspase activities in the amygdala after MI depends on an intact vagus nerve.
Engineered chloroplast dsRNA silences cytochrome p450 monooxygenase, V‐ATPase and chitin synthase genes in the insect gut and disrupts Helicoverpa armigera larval development and pupation
Authors: Jin Shuangxia , Singh Nameirakpam D. , Li Lebin , Zhang Xianlong , Daniell Henry 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIn the past two decades, chloroplast genetic engineering has been advanced to achieve high‐level protein accumulation but not for down‐regulation of targeted genes. Therefore, in this report, lepidopteran chitin synthase (Chi), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) and V‐ATPase dsRNAs were expressed via the chloroplast genome to study RNA interference (RNAi) of target genes in intended hosts. PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed homoplasmy and site‐specific integration of transgene cassettes into the chloroplast genomes. Northern blots and real‐time qRT‐PCR confirmed abundant processed and unprocessed dsRNA transcripts (up to 3.45 million copies of P450 dsRNAs/μg total RNA); the abundance of cleaved dsRNA was greater than the endogenous psbA transcript. Feeding of leaves expressing P450, Chi and V‐ATPase dsRNA decreased transcription of the targeted gene to almost undetectable levels in the insect midgut, likely after further processing of dsRNA in their gut. Consequently, the net weight of larvae, growth and pupation rates were significantly reduced by chloroplast‐derived dsRNAs. Taken together, successful expression of dsRNAs via the chloroplast genome for the first time opens the door to study RNA interference/processing within plastids. Most importantly, dsRNA expressed in chloroplasts can be utilized for gene inactivation to confer desired agronomic traits or for various biomedical applications, including down‐regulation of dysfunctional genes in cancer or autoimmune disorders, after oral delivery of dsRNA bioencapsulated within plant cells.