bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravel Pack Completion Using Autonomous Inflow Control Device Screens: A Solution to Water and Sand Control in Unconsolidated Sandstones Reservoirs
Authors: Djouli L. , Deniga B. , Guerrero X. , Igbokwe O. , Djinguereng M. , Beldongar M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Several horizontal openhole wells completed with gravel pack completions offshore Gabon have experienced early water breakthrough, few months after completions. Curtailing water production is a key objective of the operators while it is important to effectively control sand production. A combination of standard screens (SS) and autonomous inflow control devices (AICD) screens were used along with gravel pack to address both the sand and water production concerns.
Production modeling was carried out to establish the benefit of using AICDs in the field. Given the high viscosity contrast between the formation water and oil, the cyclonic Autonomous Inflow Control Device (type: AICD 2N) was selected for the application. The desired choking effect of AICD screens hinders the ability to completely pack the well, therefore detailed modeling was used as an attempt to identify the zones at which water was expected to breakthrough and more control was required Modeling results indicated that water was expected to breakthrough in the middle section of the drain. With this water production profile in mind, additional modeling was done using AICD screens solely across this section to control water breakthrough while OHGP SS were used in the other sections of the horizontal. With this optimized screen configuration, gravel pack modeling demonstrated that high pack efficiency was achievable.
Two wells with 8.5-in. horizontal openhole sections were completed using a combination of OHGP SS and AICD screens with the alpha/beta gravel packing technique, resulting in complete packing using this optimized bottomhole assembly. The standard screen placed at the heel, in the casing section, provided a flow path enabling packing the AICD screen without substantial rise in the bottomhole pressure. To date, the two wells completed have been in production for more than one year and are yet to experience water breakthrough after completion.
This paper will detail the challenges to design and successfully execute this operation.
The Imperative of Workflow Automation in Unlocking Data Science Business Value in Nigeria's Oil and Gas Industry Midstream and Downstream
Authors: Aderibigbe A. O. , Obayemi K. , Sina-Olulana O , Anaekwe E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the importance of workflow automation in unlocking the business value of data science in Nigeria's oil and gas industry, specifically in the midstream and downstream sectors. It provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of data science and workflow automation in the industry and presents a case study to demonstrate the benefits of implementing these technologies. The paper also proposes a framework for achieving better outcomes on data science projects and offers recommendations for leveraging workflow automation to enhance and deliver optimal value creation through data science.
Understanding the Gas Value Chain in Nigeria as Envisaged by PIA 2021 for Economic Growth
Authors: Nwankwo O. K. , Lawal A. O. , Ringim A. U. , Basaka H. A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of the Petroleum Industry Act 2021 (PIA) is to address operational and regulatory deficiencies present in the Petroleum Act of 1969, which had been in effect for over 50 years. This is achieved through the establishment of a robust midstream operation regulated by the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA), aimed at developing Nigeria's extensive gas resources estimated at 206 trillion standard cubic feet (TSCF) as of 2018. This paper focuses on investigating and reviewing the historical growth in Nigeria's gas processing and utilization capacity, examining how the newly introduced natural gas value chain, as outlined in the PIA licensing regime, will contribute to further advancing the country's gas resources. The research reveals that more than 70 companies hold gas processing licenses, collectively possessing a processing capacity of approximately 7 billion standard cubic feet per day (BSCFD). Additionally, more than 100 companies operate as gas utilization entities on the gas transportation network. Furthermore, the study underscores that separating role between producers and suppliers, established through mandatory custody transfer from upstream production to midstream operations, will facilitate the development of gas resources and ensure a guaranteed availability of gas going forward. The paper highlights the positive impact of the unbundling of the licensing system across the value chain, fiscal incentives in the midstream sector, and the implementation of various value addition programs. These measures are identified as crucial elements that will create opportunities for increased investment and participation, ultimately enhancing gas utilization within the country and contributing to the economic growth of Nigeria.
Integration of 4D Monitor to Enhance Reservoir Management: A Case Study of Egina Field
Authors: Udoinyang Erinyanga , Amoyedo Sunday , Omolewa Daniel , Imeokparia Yetunde , Torrez-Perez Maria-Fernanda , Atoyebi Haraya , Barrault Philippe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Egina field is one of the most recent deepwater assets in Nigeria. The Field was discovered in 2003 and production commenced in December 2018. The production plateau of 203 KBOPD was reached in May 2019. Egina field, which is TotalEnergies’ second operated deepwater asset in Nigeria, located in water depths of about 1500m, is composed of highly faulted turbiditic reservoir units. It lies within the transition zone between the extensional and compressional regime of the Nigerian deep-water basin.
This paper presents the integration of time lapse (4D) seismic monitoring to enhance reservoir management of Egina field, with a focus on the application and challenges of the seismic monitoring.
Egina 4D M1 Ocean bottom Nodes (OBN) seismic data, which was acquired in October 2021, provided valuable insights into the reservoir dynamics including injected & aquifer water movement, pressure evolution in the vicinity of water injectors and depletion patterns around producers. The 4D seismic data has been used as a static model validation tool, critical input for history match process in several reservoir units, support for well intervention program, optimization of well placement and completion, and the evaluation of infill drilling opportunities.
Specifically, we share the successful application of 4D seismic for the identification and screening of well intervention candidates, identification of focus intervals for stimulation (Pseudo-PLT) and the result of the recent 4D guided drilling campaign. Furthermore, we also present the challenges and limitations associated with the applicability of the data.
Carbon Capture Optimisation for a Greener Tomorrow Using a Proxy Model-Driven Numerical Simulation
Authors: Mensah A. O. , Osei. H. , Lartey P. K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As the urgency to combat climate change grows, the role of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions becomes increasingly pivotal for a more sustainable oil industry. However, the entrapment of CO2 in depleted reservoirs faces a significant challenge—cap rock integrity failure leading to CO2 leakages into surrounding aquifers. Previous studies have predominantly focused on CO2 storage modeling, neglecting optimization strategies that reduce leakage risks and how such optimization may impact storage performance. Consequently, limited knowledge exists on rock property sensitivity to cap rock leakage. This study centres on coupling flow-geomechanics simulation with proxy modeling to optimize CO2 storage and minimize leakage. A reservoir slab with varying permeability was modelled to investigate the efficiency of structural, stratigraphic, and residual trapping mechanisms. Incorporating a structural trapping mechanism alone resulted in 19.84% of CO2 entrapment. However, residual trapping contributed to 78.71% and solubility trapping led to 60.98% entrapment. The Barton-Bandis model was utilized to simulate cap rock integrity failure a sensitivity analysis was conducted. From this analysis, CO2 leakage through cap rock is mostly influenced by fracture-effective stress. Hence, there is a need to always monitor injection pressure since it can increase stress. The presence of a cap rock is integral to preventing the migration of captured CO2.
Net Environmental Benefit Analysis: A Strategic Framework for Effective Oil Spill Incidents Management in the Niger Delta
Authors: Agbadiba Isioma , Appah Dulu , Ugwoha Ejikeme , Patricks-E Chinemerem 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Nigeria depends on crude oil as major sources of energy and revenue, and this has contributed to her foreign reserve and gross domestic products due to the long value chain. Regrettably, the country which has a rich ecosystem has been described as one of the most polluted regions globally due to incessant oil spill incidents. Stakeholders have not been able to address how best to manage oil spill incidents to minimize the impacts on host communities and the country at large. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze how the application of the Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) framework will enhance oil spill incident emergency management so as to minimize the impact especially on the coastal region of the Niger Delta. A cross-sectional descriptive research design approach was adopted, and the instruments for primary data collection were online questionnaire, semi-structured interview and checklist. A purposeful sampling which applied the inclusive and exclusive criteria was adopted to determine the study population. The research revealed the low level of awareness and application of the NEBA framework by operators in the Niger Delta. The research also revealed the relevance and benefits of the NEBA process in managing oil spill incident emergency management. An improved and robust NEBA framework was developed to enhance the net environmental benefits, improved safety to oil spill responders, enhance strategic cost-benefit analysis and tradeoffs. The need to increase awareness and training on the application of the NEBA framework to enhance the effectiveness of oil spill emergency response, review and adoption of international best practices in managing oil spills and collaboration between stakeholders were some of the recommendations made in this study. It is obvious that if the recommendations made are adopted by operators of crude oil and gas facilities, it would enhance safe and sustainable exploration, production, transportation of crude oil in the Niger Delta.
Assessing the Viability and Impact of Off Grid Systems for Sustainable Electrification of Rural Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Utoh Imo-Obong , Ekpotu Wilson , Obialor Martin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The deployment of hybrid solar minigrid is crucial for the sustainability of urban and rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa, as it enables decentralization from the main power hubs. Solar Mini grids have been successfully utilized in urban areas, resulting in a 45% improvement in electrification across key sectors and industries. However, these systems face significant challenges in deployment, utilization, and sustainability within many rural communities. This challenge has led to a 35% drop in energy access within these regions, which has resulted in dire consequences for the local population, increasing poverty. Minigrids has emerged as a promising solution to address energy access issues in rural areas. In 2019, solar power produced 41 GWh of electricity, making up 0.13% of the country's total electricity generation with a small percentage allocated to rural communities. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the viability of off-grid solar systems for electricity generation in rural areas in sub-Saharan Africa. The research objectives are focused on evaluating the impacts of mini-grid, assessing their sustainability, and exploring their roles in sub-Saharan African rural communities where electricity supply is insufficient, analyzing specific research gaps, challenges in the adoption of mini-grids, capital intensiveness, land utilization costs, and break-even periods using techno-economic analysis as a key methodology. The methodology of the paper involves comparing mini-grid sustainability in urban and rural communities and then developing unique models and optimal local designs that can be replicated and implemented across these communities. Furthermore, the research results focus on specific factors limiting the adoption of mini-grid systems which include adopting metrics such as the economic viability of solar energy projects, the regulatory and policy landscape, and technical obstacles, and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE).
Crude Oil Bulk Flow Strategy to Manage Emission Abatement and Gas Flaring – An Adafill Eastern Asset Success Story
Authors: Balogun Bayo , Adigu Idarasit , Adeleke Oluseyi , Bosini Oghenevwogaga , Wordu Emmanuel , Usiagu Gloria , Onyeme Chinedu , Ewuzie Victor Okahia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions primarily result from releasing various gases into the Earth's atmosphere during oil and gas extraction, production, and distribution. These emissions significantly contribute to global warming and climate change. The main greenhouse gases emitted by this sector include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gases are released through leaks, venting, incomplete combustion, intentional releases, and notably, gas flaring from facilities lacking Associated Gas Gathering (AGG) solutions.
Given the significant contribution of the oil and gas industry to greenhouse gas emissions, it is crucial to identify and implement effective management and reduction techniques. This paper focuses on identifying specific abatement technique tailored for the oil and gas sector, evaluating their effectiveness and feasibility, and identifying potential challenges in implementing them to combat climate change and ensure a sustainable future. The ADAFILL Eastern Asset is a pseudo-name for an existing major operator of a joint venture in Nigeria and has implemented bulk flow management strategies in the context of crude oil extraction and processing to manage and reduce emissions and gas flaring. This paper provides an overview of the assets, examining their current infrastructure, processes, and environmental performance. It also delves into the implementation of emission abatement measures, evaluates their results and impact, and provides recommendations for further improvements. This paper highlights the importance of addressing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing flare gas in the oil and gas industries. It presents the crude oil bulk flow approach as a proven solution, which effectively captures, recovers, and utilizes gases that would otherwise be flared or vented into the atmosphere. By implementing bulk flow systems, the Eastern Asset of ADAFILL has significantly reduced its environmental impact, conserved resources, and contributed to a more sustainable future by adopting this low-cost solution for facilities without Associated Gas Gathering infrastructure.
An Outlook into Recent Advances on Unitized Field Management in Nigeria
Authors: Umar Adamu Ibrahim , Ibrahim Muhammad Karamba , Fadeyi Ayoola Idris 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The management of unitized oil and gas fields in Nigeria represents a dynamic and complex approach to resource development and production optimization. This paper provides an overview of the unitization strategy implemented in a notable field within the Nigerian oil and gas sector.
The unitized field, which spans multiple licensed areas, necessitates a collaborative and coordinated effort among stakeholders to optimize resource recovery and operational efficiency. The unitization process involves the integration of contiguous fields under a unified management framework, streamlining operations and maximizing the economic potential of the hydrocarbon reserves. Key aspects of the unitization strategy include equitable reservoir drainage, shared infrastructure, and joint decision-making processes among the operators of the respective licensed areas. The establishment of a unitization agreement serves as the foundation for this collaborative approach, defining the rights and responsibilities of each participating entity.
This paper presents 10 case studies. The primary focus is on the synthesis of challenges, solutions, impacts, and environmental considerations associated with the unitization of oil and gas fields. The case studies highlight different scenarios and geographical regions, offering a comparative view of the methodologies and outcomes of unitization agreements. The challenges identified include legal and regulatory hurdles, operational inefficiencies, and stakeholder disagreements. Solutions proposed involve strategic collaboration, regulatory reforms, and technological advancements. The impact of successful unitization is evident in improved resource management, enhanced production efficiency, and economic benefits. Environmental considerations are also discussed, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and compliance with environmental regulations. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights and recommendations for optimizing unitization processes in the oil and gas industry.
Equitable reservoir drainage is a fundamental principle of unitization, ensuring that each licensed area receives a fair share of hydrocarbons from the common reservoir. This requires sophisticated reservoir engineering techniques and well management to optimize production rates and enhance ultimate recovery. The utilization of shared infrastructure, such as pipelines and processing facilities, promotes cost efficiency and reduces environmental impact. The unitized field benefits from economies of scale, as shared facilities can be designed and operated to accommodate the combined production from multiple licensed areas.
Identification of Recovery Improvement Opportunities for a Brownfield Deepwater Asset Using Analytic Methods
Authors: Michael Ogbu , Adewale Ogunleye , Edith Mbanefo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Identifying opportunities to improve hydrocarbon recovery in a brownfield is usually preceded by an assessment of the effectiveness of the development strategy and the gap to potential ultimate recoverable. In recent times, the use of numerical reservoir modeling techniques has dominated the assessment of reservoir performance and prediction, leading to an improved understanding of reservoir and production systems. Despite the obvious benefits of numerical reservoir models, the development of robust reservoir models is resource-intensive and, thus, can be less attractive (on a cost-versus-benefit basis) for certain projects. In situations such as this, engineers often deploy classical analytical techniques to assess reservoir performance and predict performance within the limitations therein.
This paper presents how analytical methods were used in assessing the recovery potential of a matured reservoir system, thus driving decisions on ways to improve the asset value of the brownfield. The reservoir is situated in a deep-water turbidite environment and has twelve (12) water and four (4) gas injection wells and twenty-seven (27) oil producers. Production commenced in 2006 and peaked at 207 Mbopd. Currently, production has declined to an average of 64 Mbopd, with rapidly increasing water cut and Gas-Oil-Ratio trends in some wells, among other production challenges. This decline necessitated the need for a review of the system to identify short- to medium-term opportunities to arrest the production decline. The legacy subsurface models for the reservoir were deemed not reasonably representative as the performance history could not be replicated with these models. Thus, the subsurface team deployed a fit-for-purpose value-adding alternative workflow to address a prioritized list of key asset gaps within the agreed timeframe.
The workflow involved using a collection of analytic techniques such as Recovery Factor versus initial Hydrocarbon Pore Volume Curves, Reservoir Management Dashboard, etc. to understand the gas and water flood performance in the field, identify opportunities to optimize recovery, generate a range of estimates for the gap to potential, etc. Thus, deepening the integrated understanding of the reservoir. The knowledge built from the study formed the basis for the development of an updated reservoir management strategy for the reservoir.
Improving Natural Gas Utilization in Nigeria: An Analysis of the Domestic Gas Industry From 2010-2022
Authors: Mmesomachukwu Chuma-Udeh Paula , Uchechukwu Okereke Ndubuisi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper undertakes a comprehensive exploration of natural gas utilization in Nigeria over a twenty-year period (2010-2022), with a focus on forecasting future trends in demand, production, and consumption. The primary objective is to identify challenges and propose strategic measures for enhancing the effective use of Nigeria's abundant natural gas resources.
The study adopts a forecast method, leveraging the Scrapy web scraping tool for systematic data collection from official websites. Validation processes ensure the accuracy and reliability of the collected data, maintaining ethical considerations outlined by website terms of use. The analysis employs trend analysis, utilizing a linear trend equation to forecast yearly demand. The process involves rigorous equations, validation checks, and reliability assessments, presenting findings through tables and charts.
Findings reveal a paradox wherein Nigeria's vast natural gas reserves fail to effectively address energy shortfalls. The power sector, a significant consumer of natural gas, faces a liquidity crisis impacting gas pricing and per-capita electricity generation. The study concludes that strategic investments, policy consistency, and regulatory enhancements are critical for maximizing the benefits of natural gas utilization. Economic implications include potential revenue generation, job creation, and trade balance improvement.
The paper emphasizes the need for Nigeria to emerge as a regional leader in natural gas utilization, outlining a holistic vision. It calls for increased environmental considerations, awareness campaigns, and diversification of natural gas applications beyond electricity generation. The study recommends further research on greenhouse gas emission reduction, a critical analysis of the legal framework in the petroleum industry and addressing gas flaring as a wasteful practice of natural resources.
The study identified the challenges hindering the effective utilization of natural gas as: inadequate infrastructure, poor investment, policy inconsistencies, and regulatory shortcomings. However, this study sheds light on the potential solutions that can lead to a transformative change in Nigeria's energy landscape. This study also developed a roadmap towards the optimization of gas production from assets within Nigeria.