bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MoS2 Nanosheets Supported on 3D Graphene Aerogel as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Yufei , Xie Xiuqiang , Zhang Jinqiang , Liu Hao , Ahn Hyo‐Jun , Sun Kening , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe development of efficient catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution is essential for energy conversion technologies. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has emerged as a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction, and its performance greatly depends on its exposed edge sites and conductivity. Layered MoS2 nanosheets supported on a 3D graphene aerogel network (GA‐MoS2) exhibit significant catalytic activity in hydrogen evolution. The GA‐MoS2 composite displays a unique 3D architecture with large active surface areas, leading to high catalytic performance with low overpotential, high current density, and good stability.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Furo[3,4‐b]indoles by Catalytic [3+2] Cycloaddition of Indoles with Epoxides
Authors: Chen Weiliang , Xia Yong , Lin Lili , Yuan Xiao , Guo Songsong , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA highly efficient N,N′‐dioxide–NiII catalyst system for the catalytic [3+2] cycloaddition of indoles with epoxides through CC cleavage of oxiranes was accomplished under mild conditions. It provided a promising approach for chiral furo[3,4‐b]indoles in up to 98 % yield with up to 91 % enantiomeric excess (ee) and >95:5 diastereomeric ratio (d.r.).
From Saturated BN Compounds to Isoelectronic BN/CC Counterparts: An Insight from Computational Perspective
Authors: Sagan Filip , Piękoś Łukasz , Andrzejak Marcin , Mitoraj Mariusz Paweł 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn the present study, the inorganic analogues of alkanes as well as their isoelectronic BN/CC counterparts that bridge the gap between organic and inorganic chemistry are comparatively studied on the grounds of static DFT and Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations. The BN/CC butanes CH3CH2BH2NH3, BH3CH2NH2CH3, and NH3CH2BH2CH3 were considered and compared with their isoelectronic counterparts NH3BH2NH2BH3 and CH3CH2CH2CH3. In addition, systematical replacement of the NH2BH2 fragment by the isoelectronic CH2CH2 moiety is studied in the molecules H3N(NH2BH2)3–m(CH2CH2)mBH3 (for m=0, 1, 2, or 3) and H3N(NH2BH2)2–m(CH2CH2)mBH3 (for m=0, 1, or 2). The DFT and Car–Parrinello simulations show that the isosteres of the BN/CC butanes CH3CH2BH2NH3, BH3CH2NH2CH3, and NH3CH2BH2CH3 and of larger oligomers of the type (BN)k(CC)l where k≥l are stable compounds. The BN/CC butane H3NCH2CH2BH3 spontaneously produces molecular hydrogen at room temperature. The reaction, prompted by very strong dihydrogen bonding NH⋅⋅⋅HB, undergoes through the neutral, hypervalent, pentacoordinated boron dihydrogen complex RBH2(H2) [R=(CH2CH2)nNH2]. The calculations suggest that such intermediate and the other BN/CC butanes CH3CH2BH2NH3, BH3CH2NH2CH3, and NH3CH2BH2CH3 as well as larger BN/CC oligomers are viable experimentally. A simple recipe for the synthesis of CH3CH2BH2NH3 is proposed. The strength of the dihydrogen bonding appeared to be crucial for the overall stability of the saturated BN/CC derivatives.
Tetrazolylhydrazides as Selective Fragment‐Like Inhibitors of the JumonjiC‐Domain‐Containing Histone Demethylase KDM4A
Authors: Rüger Nicole , Roatsch Martin , Emmrich Thomas , Franz Henriette , Schüle Roland , Jung Manfred , Link Andreas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe JumonjiC‐domain‐containing histone demethylase 2A (JMJD2A, KDM4A) is a key player in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Previous publications have shown that both elevated and lowered enzyme levels are associated with certain types of cancer, and therefore the definite role of KDM4A in oncogenesis remains elusive. To identify a novel molecular starting point with favorable physicochemical properties for the investigation of the physiological role of KDM4A, we screened a number of molecules bearing an iron‐chelating moiety by using two independent assays. In this way, we were able to identify 2‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)acetohydrazide as a novel fragment‐like lead structure with low relative molecular mass (Mr=142 Da), low complexity, and an IC50 value of 46.6 μm in a formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH)‐coupled assay and 2.4 μm in an antibody‐based assay. Despite its small size, relative selectivity against two other demethylases could be demonstrated for this compound. This is the first example of a tetrazole group as a warhead in JMJD demethylases.
Multislice localized parallel excitation for EPI applications in humans
Authors: Kokorin Denis , Haas Martin , Buchenau Stefanie , Dragonu Iulius , Brinkmann Inge , Hennig Jürgen , Zaitsev Maxim 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, the opportunities and challenges for the use of parallel transmission in combination with 2D RF pulses designed on EPI‐based excitation trajectories for diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) with reduced FOV are presented and analyzed in detail. The use of localized excitation allows for shortening of the EPI read‐out, which is especially important for EPI applications outside of the brain. DWI is chosen as a practically important and relevant example demonstrating the key aspects of 2D spatial selection. The properties of accelerated pulses are explored experimentally in phantoms for two different schemes, in which the thickness of the excited limited slices is encoded either along the frequency or phase encoding directions of the excitation trajectory. The feasibility of application of parallel transmission for MR imaging in humans is analyzed based on several pilot experiments. Although the parallel transmission acceleration is demonstrated to work in some examples in the spinal cord and abdomen, the results also uncover a number of challenges. Nonetheless, the reduction of FOV in the phase encoding direction of the read‐out train along with the associated substantial shortening of the minimum echo train length and reduction of geometric distortions motivates further search for an advantageous use of the parallel transmit technology in EPI applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 45B: 153–173, 2015
Myelin and oligodendrocyte development in the canine spinal cord
Authors: Mayer Joshua A. , Figari Carlos , Radcliff Abigail B. , Mckee Camille , Duncan Ian D. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWe studied the developmental pattern of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin formation in the fetal canine spinal cord from E40 to P0. The pattern of development matches what has been described in the spinal cord of humans, rodents, and many other species. Oligodendrocytes were first found at E40, close to the central canal, with their spread in a tangential manner to the ventral and then lateral columns. Myelin development followed the same pattern but was not seen until E46. A clear subpial zone lacking glial cells and myelin was seen in the lateral column in early development, suggesting that there may also be a radial component of migration of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from a ventral site. This spatial–temporal developmental pattern seen in wild type matches a delay in myelination of the superficial tracts of the spinal cord seen in a canine myelin mutant, suggesting that the mutation prevents the distribution and differentiation of OPCs at an early, but narrow, window of time during fetal development. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:930–939, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Discussion on the Activity Origin in Metal‐Free Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons For Oxygen Reduction Reaction and their Mechanisms
Authors: Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Wang Da‐Wei , Su Dang‐Sheng , Gentle Ian R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe origin of oxygen reduction reaction activity in metal‐free N‐doped carbons has been a stimulating, yet unsolved issue for the rational design of cost‐effective electrocatalysts for fuel cells and metal–air batteries. At present, there are several inconsistent opinions on the materials chemistry and the mechanism of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performed on this type of materials. This article provides a brief review of the current understanding of ORR processes and the history of electrocatalyst development. With special attention, the focus of the discussion is on the major contentions of the current opinions towards metal‐free N‐doped carbon chemistry and the arguments for the probable ORR mechanisms. By clarifying the fundamental aspects of each opinion, a converging consensus on N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts can be established and thus facilitate the substantial development of large‐capacity energy devices.
Oxidation of Aliphatic Alcohols by Using Precious Metals Supported on Hydrotalcite under Solvent‐ and Base‐Free Conditions
Authors: He Yufei , Feng Junting , Brett Gemma L. , Liu Yanan , Miedziak Peter J. , Edwards Jennifer K. , Knight David W. , Li Dianqing , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrecious metal nanoparticles supported on magnesium–aluminum hydrotalcite (HT), TiO2, and MgO were prepared by sol immobilization and assessed for the catalytic oxidation of octanol, which is a relatively unreactive aliphatic alcohol, with molecular oxygen as the oxidant under solvent‐ and base‐free conditions. Compared with the TiO2‐ and MgO‐supported catalysts, platinum HT gave the highest activity and selectivity towards the aldehyde. The turnover number achieved for the platinum HT catalyst was >3700 after 180 min under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the results for the oxidation of different substrates indicate that a specific interaction of octanal with the platinum HT catalyst could lead to deactivation of the catalyst.
Porosity–Acidity Interplay in Hierarchical ZSM‐5 Zeolites for Pyrolysis Oil Valorization to Aromatics
Authors: Puértolas Begoña , Veses Alberto , Callén Maria Soledad , Mitchell Sharon , García Tomás , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe properties of crude bio‐oils attained by the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass can be greatly enhanced by means of catalytic upgrading. Here, we demonstrate an efficient process concept coupling the production of pyrolysis oil from pine wood with a consecutive catalytic upgrading step over hierarchically structured ZSM‐5 zeolites to attain aromatic‐rich bio‐oils. The selective upgrading of these complex mixtures is shown to be tightly connected to the extent of mesopore development and the density of Brønsted acid sites at the mesopore surface. A full product analysis enables elucidation of the impact of mesopore introduction and the acidic properties on the complex reaction network. The preferential occurrence of decarbonylation reactions in hierarchical zeolites versus dehydration transformations in the bulk counterparts is believed to be decisive in promoting increased aromatics formation.
Improvement of Energy Capacity with Vitamin C Treated Dual‐Layered Graphene–Sulfur Cathodes in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kim Jin Won , Ocon Joey D. , Kim Ho‐Sung , Lee Jaeyoung 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the groups of Prof. Dr. Jaeyoung Lee at the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology in South Korea. The image shows that Vitamin C can be used to effectively improve the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201500111.
A two‐stage epidemiological study of eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia in male university students inBuenosAires
Authors: Compte Emilio J. , Sepulveda Ana R. , Torrente Fernando 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveStudies using traditional screening instruments tend to report a lower prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) in men than is observed in women. It is therefore unclear whether such instruments are valid for the assessment of ED in males. Lack of a formal diagnostic definition of muscle dysmorphia syndrome (MD) makes it difficult to identify men at risk. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of ED and MD in male university students of Buenos Aires.MethodA cross‐sectional, two‐stage, representative survey was of 472 male students from six different schools in Buenos Aires, mostly aged between 18 and 28 years. The first stage involved administration of self‐report questionnaires (Eating Attitude Test‐26; scores ≥15 indicate “at risk” status). In Stage 2 students at risk of developing EDs were evaluated with a clinical interview, the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE; 12th edition). Two control students were interviewed for every at risk student.ResultsThe prevalence of EDs among university male students was 1.9% (n =9). All participants with an ED presented with illness classified as eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Using the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) with a 52‐point threshold we identified possible MD in 6.99% (n =33) of the sample.DiscussionThe prevalence of ED detected in this study is comparable with previous findings in male populations, and below that observed in female populations. However, the prevalence of possible cases of MD resembles the total rate of EDs in women. Characteristics associated with EDs and MD in men are also discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1092–1101).
Effect of ocean acidification on growth and otolith condition of juvenile scup, Stenotomus chrysops
Authors: Perry Dean M. , Redman Dylan H. , Widman James C. , Meseck Shannon , King Andrew , Pereira Jose J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIncreasing amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) from human industrial activities are causing changes in global ocean carbonate chemistry, resulting in a reduction in pH, a process termed “ocean acidification.” It is important to determine which species are sensitive to elevated levels of CO2 because of potential impacts to ecosystems, marine resources, biodiversity, food webs, populations, and effects on economies. Previous studies with marine fish have documented that exposure to elevated levels of CO2 caused increased growth and larger otoliths in some species. This study was conducted to determine whether the elevated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) would have an effect on growth, otolith (ear bone) condition, survival, or the skeleton of juvenile scup, Stenotomus chrysops, a species that supports both important commercial and recreational fisheries. Elevated levels of pCO2 (1200–2600 μatm) had no statistically significant effect on growth, survival, or otolith condition after 8 weeks of rearing. Field data show that in Long Island Sound, where scup spawn, in situ levels of pCO2 are already at levels ranging from 689 to 1828 μatm due to primary productivity, microbial activity, and anthropogenic inputs. These results demonstrate that ocean acidification is not likely to cause adverse effects on the growth and survivability of every species of marine fish. X‐ray analysis of the fish revealed a slightly higher incidence of hyperossification in the vertebrae of a few scup from the highest treatments compared to fish from the control treatments. Our results show that juvenile scup are tolerant to increases in seawater pCO2, possibly due to conditions this species encounters in their naturally variable environment and their well‐developed pH control mechanisms.
Multiple introductions from multiple sources: invasion patterns for an important Eucalyptus leaf pathogen
Authors: Taole Matsepo , Bihon Wubetu , Wingfield Brenda D. , Wingfield Michael J. , Burgess Treena I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany population studies on invasive plant pathogens are undertaken without knowing the center of origin of the pathogen. Most leaf pathogens of Eucalyptus originate in Australia and consequently with indigenous populations available, and it is possible to study the pathways of invasion. Teratosphaeria suttonii is a commonly occurring leaf pathogen of Eucalyptus species, naturally distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of eastern Australia where it is regarded as a minor pathogen infecting older leaves; however, repeated infections, especially in exotic plantations, can result in severe defoliation and tree deaths. Nine polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to assess the genetic structure of 11 populations of T. suttonii of which four where from within its native range in eastern Australia and the remaining seven from exotic Eucalyptus plantations. Indigenous populations exhibited high allele and haplotype diversity, predominantly clonal reproduction, high population differentiation, and low gene flow. The diversity of the invasive populations varied widely, but in general, the younger the plantation industry in a country or region, the lower the diversity of T. suttonii. Historical gene flow was from Australia, and while self‐recruitment was dominant in all populations, there was evidence for contemporary gene flow, with South Africa being the most common source and Uruguay the most common sink population. This points distinctly to human activities underlying long‐distance spread of this pathogen, and it highlights lessons to be learned regarding quarantine.
Photoredox Properties of Homoleptic d6 Metal Complexes with the Electron‐Rich 4,4′,5,5′‐Tetramethoxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine Ligand
Authors: Büldt Laura A. , Prescimone Alessandro , Neuburger Markus , Wenger Oliver S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA synthetic procedure leading to 4,4′,5,5′‐tetramethoxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine [(MeO)4bpy] was developed, and the first three metal complexes with this ligand were synthesized. A few ligand precursor compounds, the final ligand, and its homoleptic iron(II) complex were characterized structurally by X‐ray diffraction. The combination of cyclic voltammetry, optical absorption, luminescence, and transient absorption spectroscopy provided detailed insight into the electronic structure of the entire series of homoleptic FeII, RuII, and OsII complexes. The ruthenium(II) complex is a more potent photoreductant than the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ parent compound by approximately 0.4 V as confirmed by 3MLCT excited‐state quenching experiments with a relatively mild oxidant, 1‐chloro‐4‐nitrobenzene. In the presence of methanesulfonic acid in CH3CN, the photoexcited [Ru{(MeO)4bpy}3]2+ complex is able to undergo proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) with acetophenone to yield a ketyl radical. Chemically robust and potent photoreductants are of interest for the phototriggering of electron‐transfer reactions, for example, in photoredox catalysis, in dye‐sensitized solar cells, in fundamental studies of (proton‐coupled) electron transfer, or for the generation of solvated electrons.
Probing the Limits of Tetraazamacrocycle‐Glyoxal Condensates as Bidentate Ligands for Cu2+
Authors: Won Paul D. , Funwie Neil L. , Birdsong Orry C. , Obali Aslihan Yilmaz , Burke Benjamin P. , McRobbie Graeme , Greenman Peter , Prior Timothy J. , Archibald Stephen J. , Hubin Timothy J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTetracyclic bisaminals formed by condensation of tetraazamacrocycles and glyoxal have rarely been utilized as ligands for transition metal ions. Five novel Cu2+ complexes are presented to expand this set. Glyoxal derivatives of pyruvic aldehyde and butanedione were expected to further rigidify the bisaminal skeleton because of the steric requirements of the methyl groups, while the previously unutilized homocyclam was expected to increase flexibility due to the presence of a seven‐membered ring. Additionally, a nitrato complex was prepared to examine the effect of more bulky monodentate ligands on the bisaminal framework. The new complexes showed similar four‐coordination of Cu2+, but with significant changes in coordination geometry caused by substitution of the glyoxal bridge by one or two methyl groups. The homocyclam derivative produced a completely different coordination mode due to the flexibility of the larger macrocycle ring. Both structural and electronic properties were affected by the use of nitrato in place of the typical chlorido monodentate ligands. Overall, the electronic properties (magnetic moment, electronic spectra, and cyclic voltammetry) were only subtly affected. However, larger changes were observed when the larger homocyclam macrocycle was used or the nitrato anion was used in place of the chlorido ligand to complete the coordination. Additionally, the recently published geometric index τδ was evaluated by using this series of closely related Cu2+ complexes.
New Life for Diazoacetonitrile (N2CHCN): in situ Generation and Practical Synthesis of CN‐Pyrazoles
Authors: Mykhailiuk Pavel K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractExplosive diazoacetonitrile (N2CHCN) was generated in situ and used in the practical synthesis of agrochemistry‐related CN‐pyrazoles. In situ generated N2CHCN is much safer than the individual reagent. The developed method is, therefore, expected to make this reagent as useful in chemistry as ethyl diazoacetate (N2CHCO2Et).
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus with radiotherapy alone for locally advanced salivary gland carcinoma among older patients
Authors: Tanvetyanon Tawee , Fisher Kate , Caudell Jimmy , Otto Kristen , Padhya Tapan , Trotti Andy 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of patients with locally advanced salivary gland carcinoma will die of the disease even after curative surgery. Few studies on adjuvant therapy have been conducted. In this study, we compared adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with adjuvant radiotherapy among the older patient population.MethodsSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database (1992–2009) was analyzed. Eligible cases were those receiving curative surgery followed by adjuvant therapy. Outcomes were overall survival and toxicity.ResultsAnalyses included 741 patients: 641 patients (86.5%) received adjuvant radiotherapy and 100 (13.5%) received adjuvant CRT. The median overall survival was 41.0 months with adjuvant radiotherapy and 24 months with CRT. Both multivariable and propensity score‐adjusted analyses indicated that adjuvant CRT was associated with an increased mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.79 and HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.14–1.94, respectively). Toxicity rates were significantly higher in the CRT group.ConclusionTreatment with adjuvant CRT was associated with an increased mortality and toxicity when compared to adjuvant radiotherapy alone. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 863–870, 2016
Impact of selective neck dissection on chronic dysphagia after chemo‐intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hutcheson Katherine A. , Abualsamh Amal R. , Sosa Alejandro , Weber Randal S. , Beadle Beth M. , Sturgis Erich M. , Lewin Jan S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundConflicting results are reported regarding the impact of neck dissection on radiation‐associated dysphagia. The purpose of this study was to reexamine this question specific to oropharyngeal intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).MethodsThree hundred forty‐nine patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated with bilateral IMRT with systemic therapy (induction and/or concurrent) were reviewed. Chronic dysphagia was defined by aspiration, stricture, pneumonia, and/or gastrostomy dependence ≥12 months post‐IMRT.ResultsSelective neck dissection was performed after IMRT in 75 patients (21%). Overall, 41 patients (12%) developed chronic dysphagia. Neck dissection did not increase the rate of chronic dysphagia (9% neck dissection; 12% no neck dissection; p = .464) or gastrostomy duration (p = .482). On multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR] per 5‐year = 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.51), baseline abnormal diet (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.31–5.88), and IMRT dose (OR per 5‐Gy = 5.11; 95% CI = 1.77–14.81) significantly predicted dysphagia.ConclusionIn the setting of selective neck dissection for residual adenopathy after IMRT, neck dissection did not impact dysphagia. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 886–893, 2016