bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the expression and current of the Na+/K+ pump in the snail nervous system after exposure to static magnetic field
Authors: Nikolic Ljiljana M. , Bataveljic Danijela , Andjus Pavle R. , Nedeljkovic Miodrag , Todorovic Dajana , Janac Branka 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Compelling evidence confirms the use of moderate static magnetic field (SMF) for therapeutic purposes. In order to provide an insight into the mechanisms underlying SMF treatment, it is essential to examine the cellular responses elicited by therapeutically applied SMF, especially in the nervous system. The Na+/K+ pump, by creating and maintaining the gradient of Na+ and K+ ions across the plasma membrane, regulates the physiological properties of neurons. In this study, we examined the expression of the Na+/K+ pump in isolated brain-subesophageal ganglion complex of the garden snail Helix pomatia, along with the immunoreactivity and current of the Na+/K+ pump in isolated snail neurons after 15 min exposure to the moderate 10 mT SMF. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that 10 mT SMF did not significantly change the expression of Na+/K+ pump α subunit in the snail brain and neuronal cell body, respectively. However, our immunofluorescence data showed that SMF treatment induced a significant increase in the Na+/K+ pump α subunit expression in the neuronal plasma membrane area. This change in the Na+/K+ pump expression was reflected in the pump activity as demonstrated by the pump current measurements. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from isolated snail neurons revealed that Na+/K+ pump current density is significantly increased after the 10 mT SMF treatment. SMF induced increase was different in the two groups of control snail neurons defined by the pump current level. Obtained results could represent physiologically important response of neurons to the 10 mT SMF comparable in strength to therapeutic applications.
Ventilation patterns of the songbird lung/air sac system during different behaviors
Authors: Mackelprang Rebecca , Goller Franz 
Published: June 2013

SummaryUnidirectional, continuous airflow through the avian lung is achieved through an elaborate air sac system with a sequential, posterior to anterior ventilation pattern. This classical model was established through various approaches spanning passively ventilated systems to mass spec analysis of tracer gas flow into various air sacs during spontaneous breathing in restrained ducks. Information on flow patterns in other bird taxa is missing, and these techniques do not permit direct tests of whether the basic flow pattern can change during different behaviors. Here we use thermistors implanted into various locations of the respiratory system to detect small pulses of tracer gas (helium) to reconstruct airflow patterns in quietly breathing and behaving (calling, wing flapping) songbirds (zebra finch and yellow-headed blackbird). The results illustrate that the basic pattern of airflow in these two species is largely consistent with the model. However, two notable differences emerged. (1) Some tracer gas arrived in the anterior set of air sacs during the inspiration during which it was inhaled, suggesting a more rapid throughput through the lung than previously assumed. (2) Differences in ventilation between the two anterior air sacs emerged during calling and wing flapping, indicating that adjustments in the flow pattern occur during dynamic behaviors. It is unclear whether this modulation in ventilation pattern is passive or active. This technique for studying ventilation patterns during dynamic behaviors proves useful for establishing detailed timing of airflow and modulation of ventilation in the avian respiratory system.
On how whales avoid decompression sickness and why they sometimes strand
Authors: Blix Arnoldus S. , Walloe Lars , Messelt Edward 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Whales are unique in that the supply of blood to the brain is not by the internal carotid arteries, but by way of thoracic and intra-vertebral arterial retia. We found in the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) that these retia split up into smaller anastomosing vessels and thin-walled sinusoid structures that are embedded in fat. The solubility of nitrogen is at least 6 times larger in fat than in water, and we suggest that nitrogen in supersaturated blood will be absorbed in the fat, by diffusion, during the very slow passage of the blood through the arterial retia. Formation of nitrogen bubbles that may reach the brain is thereby avoided. We also suggest that mass strandings of whales may be due to disturbances to their normal dive profiles resulting in extra release of nitrogen that may overburden the nitrogen 'trap' and allow bubbles to reach the brain and cause abnormal behaviour.
Tissue specific ionomotive enzyme activity and K+ reabsorption reveal the rectum as an important ionoregulatory organ in larvalChironomous ripariusexposed to varying salinity
Authors: Jonusaite Sima , Kelly Scott P. , Donini Andrew 
Published: June 2013

SummaryA role for the rectum in the ionoregulatory homeostasis of larval Chironomus riparius was revealed by rearing animals in different saline environments and examining: (1) the spatial distribution and activity of keystone ionomotive enzymes Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) and V-type H+-ATPase (VA) in the alimentary canal and (2) rectal K+ transport with scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET). NKA and VA activity were measured in four distinct regions of the alimentary canal as follows: the combined foregut and anterior midgut (FAMG), the posterior midgut (PMG), the Malpighian tubules (MT) and the hindgut (HG). Both enzymes exhibited 10 - 20 times greater activity in the HG relative to all other areas. When larvae were reared in either ion-poor water (IPW) or freshwater (FW), no significant difference in HG enzyme activity was observed. However, in brackish water (BW) reared animals, NKA and VA activity in the HG significantly decreased. Immunolocalization of NKA and VA in the HG revealed that the bulk of protein was located in the rectum. Therefore K+ transport across the rectum was examined using SIET. Measurement of K+ flux along the rectum revealed a net K+ reabsorption which was reduced four-fold in BW-reared larvae versus larvae reared in FW or IPW. Inhibition of NKA with ouabain, VA with bafilomycin and K+ channels with charybdotoxin, diminished rectal K+ reabsorption in FW- and IPW-reared larvae, but not BW-reared larvae. Data suggest that the rectum of C. riparius plays an important role in allowing these larvae to cope with dilute as well as salinated environmental conditions.
Limits to sustained energy intake XX: body temperatures and physical activity of female mice during lactation
Authors: Gamo Yuko , Troup Claire , Mitchell Sharon , Hambly Catherine , Vaanholt Lobke , Speakman John 
Published: June 2013

SummaryLactating animals consume greater amounts of food than non-reproductive animals but energy intake appears to be limited in late lactation. The heat dissipation limit theory suggests that the food intake of lactating mice is limited by the capacity of the mother to dissipate heat. Lactating mice should therefore have high body temperatures (Tb), and changes in energy intake, during lactation, should be reflected in variation in Tb. To investigate these predictions, 26 mice (Mus musculus) were monitored daily throughout lactation for food intake, body mass, litter size and litter mass. After weaning, 21 days postpartum, maternal food intake and body mass were monitored for another 10 days. Maternal activity and Tb were recorded every minute for 23 hours a day using implanted transmitters (vital view). Energy intake increased to a plateau in late lactation (days 13-17). Daily gain in pup mass declined during this same period, suggesting a limit on maternal energy intake. Litter size, and litter mass, were positively related to maternal energy intake and body mass. Activity levels were constantly low, and mice with the largest increase in energy intake at peak lactation had the lowest activity. Tb rose sharply after parturition and the circadian rhythm became compressed within a small range. Tb during the light period increased considerably (1.1 °C higher than in baseline), and lactating mice faced chronic hyperthermia, despite their lower activity levels in lactation being approximately halved. Average T b increased in relation to energy intake as lactation progressed, but there was no relationship between litter size or litter mass and the mean Tb at peak lactation. These data are consistent with the heat dissipation limit theory which suggests performance in late lactation is constrained by the ability to dissipate body heat.
Thermal Annealing Effects on the Photocarrier Dynamics in PCBM Films
Authors: Ambe Christopher E , Wakikawa Yusuke , Ikoma Tadaaki 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The thermal annealing effects on the photocarrier dynamics in thin films of [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) on quartz substrates are investigated. Both the photocarrier generation via charge-transfer state and the charge transport in PCBM films are studied by time-resolved photoconductance (PC) measurement. More than 90% of external photocarrier generation efficiency relative to the non-annealed film is reduced upon annealing of the PCBM film at high temperatures. Excitation light power dependence of PC indicates that the photocarrier in the non-annealed film is generated by a one-photon process, while photons of more than one are required in highly annealed films. The multiphotonic process for carrier generation and the substantial reduction of carrier density caused by the thermal treatment are associated with trap formation. The density of photoinjected carrier is also affected by applying external magnetic field. The observed positive magnetophotoconductance (MPC) in non-annealed film is understood in terms of the incoherent spin conversion in nongeminate electron–hole (e–h) pairs with a selective recombination from singlet e–h pairs. In highly annealed film, the broad magnetic field dependence of MPC with negative phase is suggested to originate from the detrapping of trapped carrier assisted by collision with the triplet exciton.
Poverty Orderings with Asymmetric Attributes
Authors: Garcia-Diaz Rocio 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe provide a theorem that lists the necessary and sufficient dominance conditions for the poverty comparisons of the bivariate distributions function when considering an asymmetric treatment of attributes. The normative justification for an asymmetric treatment is based on the compensation principle proposed by Muller and Trannoy (2012), under which it makes sense to use one attribute to compensate another. The formulation results in a generalization of the needs approach in poverty analysis proposed by Atkinson (1992). The dominance conditions we found lie between those obtained by Bourguignon and Chakravarty (2002) and Duclos, Sahn, and Younger (2006a) when attributes are symmetric and those obtained within the needs framework by Atkinson (1992) and Jenkins and Lambert (1993) when attributes are asymmetric, but one is of discrete nature.
Deoxyadenosine family: improved synthesis, DNA damage and repair, analogs as drugs
Authors: Biswas Himadri , Kar Indrani , Chattopadhyaya Rajagopal 
Published: June 2013

AbstractImproved synthesis of 2′-deoxyadenosine using Escherichia coli overexpressing some enzymes and gram-scale chemical synthesis of 2′-deoxynucleoside 5′-triphosphates reported recently are described in this review. Other topics include DNA damage induced by chromium(VI), Fenton chemistry, photoinduction with lumazine, or by ultrasound in neutral solution; 8,5′-cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosine isomers as potential biomarkers; and a recapitulation of purine 5′,8-cyclonucleoside studies. The mutagenicities of some products generated by oxidizing 2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate, nucleotide pool sanitization, and translesion synthesis are also reviewed. Characterizing cross-linking between nucleosides in opposite strands of DNA and endonuclease V-mediated deoxyinosine excision repair are discussed. The use of purine nucleoside analogs in the treatment of rarer chronic lymphoid leukemias is reviewed. Some analogs at the C8 position induced delayed polymerization arrest during HIV-1 reverse transcription. The susceptibility of clinically metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis to two analogs, toyocamycin and 2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine, were tested in vitro. GS-9148, a dAMP analog, was translocated to the priming site in a complex with reverse transcriptase and double-stranded DNA to gain insight into the mechanism of reverse transcriptase inhibition.
Perelman's entropy functional at Type I singularities of the Ricci flow
Authors: Mantegazza Carlo , Müller Reto 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

We study blow-ups around fixed points at Type I singularities of the Ricci flow on closed manifolds using Perelman's 𝒲-functional. First, we give an alternative proof of the result obtained
by Naber (2010) and Enders–Müller–Topping (2011) that blow-up limits are non-flat gradient shrinking Ricci solitons. Our second and main result relates a limit 𝒲-density at a Type I singular point to the entropy of the limit gradient shrinking soliton
obtained by blowing-up at this point. In particular, we show that no entropy is lost at infinity during the blow-up process.
Plant derived alternatives for hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Authors: Seidlova-Wuttke Dana , Jarry Hubertus , Wuttke Wolfgang 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has undisputable positive effects on climacteric complaints, in the bone and on body weight but also several undesired side effects. Therefore, plant-derived alternatives are currently promoted. Phytoestrogens – primarily the isoflavones genistein, daidzein and coumestrol, stemming from soy (Glycine max) or red clover (Trifolium pratense) – were suggested to have the desired but not the undesired effects of estrogens. Most recently published placebo-controlled studies question the beneficial effects. When taken at the time of puberty however, phytoestrogens appear to protect against mammary cancer later in life. Extracts from the rhizome of Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) have no estrogenic effects. In a narrow dose range they have beneficial effects on climacteric complaints, which are due to several compounds with dopaminergic, noradrenergic, serotoninergic and GABAergic actions that act together in the hypothalamus. Ecdysone is produced by several plants, including spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and was very early on shown to increase muscle mass. Later it became apparent that spinach extracts containing ecdysone decreased body fat load, thereby reducing secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by visceral adipocytes and oxidative stress. This had beneficial effects on body weight and serum lipids not only in obese postmenopausal but also in premenopausal women and in men. For the above-described plant extracts, solid placebo-controlled clinical trials are available. For other plant extracts claiming beneficial effects on climacteric complaints or postmenopausal diseases, no solid data are available.
Endothelial progenitor cells in coronary artery disease
Authors: Donahue Michael , Quintavalle Cristina , Chiariello Giovanni Alfonso , Condorelli Gerolama , Briguori Carlo 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In the last two decades a great deal of evidence has been collected on the key role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in the mechanisms of vascular healing. The role of EPC as a marker of vascular health and prognosis of cardiovascular disease is already consolidated. This review aims to examine and evaluate recent data regarding EPC, as biomarkers, prognostic factor and potential therapy in cardiovascular disease.
Obtention of Rosemary Essential Oil Concentrates by Molecular Distillation and Free Radical Scavenging Capacity Analysis
Authors: Mezza Gabriela Natalia , Borgarello Ana V. , Daguero Jorge D. , Pramparo Maria C. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Rosemary essential oil is used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Due to its constituents’ chemical activity, it is also used as antioxidant to preserve foods and as antibacterial and antifungal agents.The most abundant components of rosemary essential oil used in this work are α-pinene, myrcene, 1,8-cineole and camphor, which respond to 1,8-cineole chemotype. Two sets of molecular distillation experience were conducted. Antioxidant power of distillates and residues obtained was quantified, and the residues obtained from molecular distillation have more antioxidant power than distillates and rosemary essential oil.The results of this study show that it is feasible to use molecular distillation operation to obtain concentrates of rosemary essential oil. Residues collected present higher antioxidant power than rosemary essential oil, probably due to the presence of camphor, linalool, linalyl acetate and α-terpineol, which are present in higher proportion in the residues.
Moment methods for C/SiC woven composite components reliability and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Kong Chunyuan , Sun Zhigang , Niu Xuming , Song Yingdong 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A kind of reliability analysis method for C/SiC woven composite components was proposed, which is based on moment methods. Moment methods combining with perturbation method, the central difference method, as well as the Edgeworth series are applied to calculate the reliability of complex component for its effectivity and accuracy. The results computed by moment methods are sensitive to the distribution of parameters; thus, reliability sensitivity analysis has been performed. The reliability and sensitivity information of the complex components can be accurately and quickly obtained using a practical computer program. Finally, the proposed reliability-sensitivity analysis method is applied to CMCs components design. By comparing with Monte Carlo simulation, the numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides accurate, convergent, and computationally efficient for finite element method-based reliability analysis in engineering practice.
Impact response of composite plates manufactured with stitch-bonded non-crimp glass fiber fabrics
Authors: Bektaş Numan Behlül , Ağır İnan 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This experimental study deals with the impact response of composite plates manufactured with stitch-bonded non-crimp glass fiber fabrics. Three kinds of fabrics – biaxial, triaxial, and quadraxial – are used as reinforcing material. Polyester resin is used as a matrix material in the composition of composite plates. An instrumented drop weight impact testing machine, Instron-Dynatup 9250 HV, is used for impact testing. Impact tests are performed under various impact energies, ranging from damage initiation to final perforation. An energy profiling method, showing the relation between impact energy and absorbed energy, was used together with load-deflection curves to determine the penetration and perforation thresholds of those composites. The failure processes of damaged specimens for different impact energies were evaluated by comparing load-deflection curves and images of damaged samples taken from the impacted and non-impacted sides. All types of composites have obvious penetration and perforation thresholds. The perforation threshold of triaxial/polyester composite is approximately 27% and 22% higher than that of the quadraxial and biaxial/polyester composites, respectively.
The effects of different dusty aggregate on bituminous hot mixtures
Authors: Akbulut Hüseyin , Gürer Cahit , Çetin Sedat , Doğan Hasan 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Adhesion between aggregate and bitumen is an important parameter of the performance of bituminous hot mix pavements. Dust on the aggregate surface adversely affects bituminous hot mix pavement performance and leads to some types of deterioration, such as raveling, rutting, stripping, and segregation, decreasing long-term pavement performance. The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of different dust contents of the aggregate surface on the bituminous hot mixture. Two separate aggregate specimens with contents of three different dusts were used to produce bituminous hot mixture specimens. Specific gravity, unit weight, gradation analysis, water absorption, Los Angeles abrasion, aggregate impact, freezing and thawing, Nicholson stripping, and Vialit adhesion tests were performed as aggregate tests, whereas Marshall stability and flow, Marshall mechanical immersion, and indirect tensile tests were performed as bituminous hot mixture tests. The study results show that dust content on the aggregate surface weakens adhesion, leading to the gradual deterioration of the characteristics of the hot bituminous mixtures. Because dust contents on the aggregate surface can vary according to the aggregate type, the progression of the deterioration of bituminous hot mixtures can also vary.
A mesh-free simulation of mode I delamination of composite structures
Authors: Hesar Goudarz Ghanizadeh , Pekbey Yeliz , Yildiz Hasan , Maleiki Farshid Khosravi 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A numerical and experimental investigation for the analysis of delamination problem under mode I loading in composite material is presented. Firstly, the simulation of the delamination under mode I loading and failure of composite materials based on the cohesive segments model is investigated by using the meshfree method. With the partition of unity of moving least-squares shape functions, the discontinuities at the cohesive segments are approximated with additional degrees of freedom at the nodes. An iterative solution scheme between the continuous and discontinuous fields is presented to solve mode I delamination growth. Secondly, to verify the meshfree method’s results, an experimental investigation and the finite element method were used for the simulation of delamination. The experimental study used a double-cantilever beam made of carbon/epoxy laminate (AS4/3501-6) which consists of 10 plies in [0]10 and [0/90/0/90/0]s layup with delamination inserted in the middle of the laminate. The critical fracture force, which can be experimentally measured, was used to calculate the mode I delamination fracture toughness of the carbon/epoxy laminate. Results obtained from the meshfree method showed very good agreement with experimental data for single-mode delamination under mode I loading. The meshfree method could also be used effectively to produce delamination growth in composite laminates and is especially suitable for the simulation of complex delamination patterns that are difficult to model using traditional numerical methods.