bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in tolerance to drought among Tunisian populations ofMedicago truncatula
Authors: Badri Mounawer , Bouhaouel Imen , Arraouadi Soumaya , Taamalli Wael , Huguet Thierry , Aouani Mohamed Elarbi 
Published: March 2015

We analysed the natural variation of drought response in 11 Tunisian populations ofMedicago truncatulasampled from environments that varied in soil composition, salinity and water availability. Plants were cultivated in a greenhouse under well-irrigated and water-deficit treatments (50% of field capacity), and a number of traits associated with drought response were measured. Variance analysis indicated that the variation of phenotypic traits was explained by the effects of population, line, treatment, and population × treatment and line × treatment interactions, with treatment being the one with the greatest effect. A large degree of phenotypic variation for most traits in the two water treatments was found within populations. Most of the measured characters showed higher broad-sense heritabilities (H2) in well-irrigated treatment than in water-deficit treatment. Furthermore, the largest population differentiation (QST) for most of the measured traits was observed under drought stress. Most of the correlations between measured traits under both treatments were positive. Four groups of lines differing in drought tolerance were identified, with 45 susceptible, 14 moderately susceptible, 31 tolerant and 23 most tolerant lines. The tolerant group experienced lowest reductions in the length of plagiotropic axes, length of stems, number of internodes and number of leaves. The large phenotypic variation ofM. truncatulain response to drought stress can be used to identify genes and alleles important for the complex trait of drought tolerance.
On the origin of mascon basins on the Moon (and beyond)
Authors: Dombard Andrew J. , Hauck Steven A. , Balcerski Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMascon basins on the Moon are large craters that display significant positive free‐air and Bouguer gravity anomalies. An important question is why is not every large crater a mascon, as less than half have been previously determined to be. We detrend the free‐air, topographic, and Bouguer gravity anomalies and find that most large basins (28 of 41) display mascon characteristics (e.g., strong positive Bouguer anomalies narrower than the surface rims). Negative free‐air gravity annuli surrounding the central highs generally are absent in the Bouguer gravity, implicating surface topography. We propose that beneath a forming large basin, the relatively narrow transient crater drives mantle uplift, while upward and inward collapse forms the surface topography. Furthermore, the nonmascon basins are all ancient and heavily degraded, indicating a postimpact evolutionary process. Our results suggest that mascon formation is the standard for large impacts on the Moon and by extension on other terrestrial planets.
Rise and fall of subclones from diagnosis to relapse in pediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Ma Xiaotu , Edmonson Michael , Yergeau Donald , Muzny Donna M. , Hampton Oliver A. , Rusch Michael , Song Guangchun , Easton John , Harvey Richard C. , Wheeler David A. , Ma Jing , Doddapaneni HarshaVardhan , Vadodaria Bhavin , Wu Gang , Nagahawatte Panduka , Carroll William L. , Chen I-Ming , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Relling Mary V. , Smith Malcolm A. , Devidas Meenakshi , Auvil Jaime M. Guidry , Downing James R. , Loh Mignon L. , Willman Cheryl L. , Gerhard Daniela S. , Mullighan Charles G. , Hunger Stephen P. , Zhang Jinghui 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThere is incomplete understanding of genetic heterogeneity and clonal evolution during cancer progression. Here we use deep whole-exome sequencing to describe the clonal architecture and evolution of 20 pediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemias from diagnosis to relapse. We show that clonal diversity is comparable at diagnosis and relapse and clonal survival from diagnosis to relapse is not associated with mutation burden. Six pathways were frequently mutated, with NT5C2, CREBBP, WHSC1, TP53, USH2A, NRAS and IKZF1 mutations enriched at relapse. Half of the leukaemias had multiple subclonal mutations in a pathway or gene at diagnosis, but mostly with only one, usually minor clone, surviving therapy to acquire additional mutations and become the relapse founder clone. Relapse-specific mutations in NT5C2 were found in nine cases, with mutations in four cases being in descendants of the relapse founder clone. These results provide important insights into the genetic basis of treatment failure in ALL and have implications for the early detection of mutations driving relapse.
Microstructure of Transparent Strontium Fresnoite Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Wisniewski Wolfgang , Takano Kazuya , Takahashi Yoshihiro , Fujiwara Takumi , Rüssel Christian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGlass-ceramics grown from a glass of the composition Sr2TiSi2.45O8.9 (STS 45) are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Oriented nucleation with the c-axes preferably perpendicular to the surface is detected. A very strong 001-texture is observed after only 10 μm of growth into the bulk, making this the first system in which an orientation preferred during nucleation prevails during growth into the bulk in glass-ceramics. Piezoelectric measurements are performed and d33-values presented and discussed. The obtained results are critically viewed with respect to the two growth models describing Sr2TiSi2O8 growth in glasses.
Progranulin Knockout Accelerates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Aging Mice
Authors: Zhao Yun-peng , Tian Qing-yun , Liu Ben , Cuellar Jason , Richbourgh Brendon , Jia Tang-hong , Liu Chuan-ju 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common degenerative disease, yet much is unknown about the mechanisms during its pathogenesis. Herein we investigated whether progranulin (PGRN), a chondroprotective growth factor, is associated with IVD degeneration. PGRN was detectable in both human and murine IVD. The levels of PGRN were upregulated in murine IVD tissue during aging process. Loss of PGRN resulted in an early onset of degenerative changes in the IVD tissue and altered expressions of the degeneration-associated molecules in the mouse IVD tissue. Moreover, PGRN knockout mice exhibited accelerated IVD matrix degeneration, abnormal bone formation and exaggerated bone resorption in vertebra with aging. The acceleration of IVD degeneration observed in PGRN null mice was probably due to the enhanced activation of NF-κB signaling and β-catenin signaling. Taken together, PGRN may play a critical role in homeostasis of IVD and may serve as a potential molecular target for prevention and treatment of disc degenerative diseases.
Oseltamivir Expands Quasispecies of Influenza Virus through Cell-to-cell Transmission
Authors: Mori Kotaro , Murano Kensaku , Ohniwa Ryosuke L. , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Nagata Kyosuke 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe population of influenza virus consists of a huge variety of variants, called quasispecies, due to error-prone replication. Previously, we reported that progeny virions of influenza virus become infected to adjacent cells via cell-to-cell transmission pathway in the presence of oseltamivir. During cell-to-cell transmission, viruses become infected to adjacent cells at high multiplicity since progeny virions are enriched on plasma membrane between infected cells and their adjacent cells. Co-infection with viral variants may rescue recessive mutations with each other. Thus, it is assumed that the cell-to-cell transmission causes expansion of virus quasispecies. Here, we have demonstrated that temperature-sensitive mutations remain in progeny viruses even at non-permissive temperature by co-infection in the presence of oseltamivir. This is possibly due to a multiplex infection through the cell-to-cell transmission by the addition of oseltamivir. Further, by the addition of oseltamivir, the number of missense mutation introduced by error-prone replication in segment 8 encoding NS1 was increased in a passage-dependent manner. The number of missense mutation in segment 5 encoding NP was not changed significantly, whereas silent mutation was increased. Taken together, we propose that oseltamivir expands influenza virus quasispecies via cell-to-cell transmission and may facilitate the viral evolution and adaptation.
Collisions of deformable cells lead to collective migration
Authors: Löber Jakob , Ziebert Falko , Aranson Igor S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCollective migration of eukaryotic cells plays a fundamental role in tissue growth, wound healing and immune response. The motion, arising spontaneously or in response to chemical and mechanical stimuli, is also important for understanding life-threatening pathologies, such as cancer and metastasis formation. We present a phase-field model to describe the movement of many self-organized, interacting cells. The model takes into account the main mechanisms of cell motility – acto-myosin dynamics, as well as substrate-mediated and cell-cell adhesion. It predicts that collective cell migration emerges spontaneously as a result of inelastic collisions between neighboring cells: collisions lead to a mutual alignment of the cell velocities and to the formation of coherently-moving multi-cellular clusters. Small cell-to-cell adhesion, in turn, reduces the propensity for large-scale collective migration, while higher adhesion leads to the formation of moving bands. Our study provides valuable insight into biological processes associated with collective cell motility.
Unexpected behavioural consequences of preterm newborns' clothing
Authors: Durier Virginie , Henry Séverine , Martin Emmanuelle , Dollion Nicolas , Hausberger Martine , Sizun Jacques 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRestrictions of preterm newborns' movements could have consequences ranging from stress enhancement to impairment of their motor development. Therefore, ability to freely express motor activities appears crucial for their behavioural and physiological development. Our aim was to evaluate behavioural issues of two types of clothing used in NICU. We observed 18 healthy 34–37 post-conception week-old preterm newborns, during resting periods, when they were undisturbed by any interventions. Newborns wore either light clothing (bodysuit and a light wrapping) or heavy clothing (pyjamas, cardigan and sleep-sack). The percentages of time each subject spent in different postures were compared between clothing situations. Arm and hand postures differed in relation to clothing: babies bent their arms more and held their hands nearer their heads when in bodysuits than when in sleepwear. Consequently, babies in bodysuits spent more time touching their body or their environment whereas the others generally were touching nothing. Self-touch is an important way to comfort one's self. Heavy clothing may impair self-soothing behaviours of preterm newborn babies that already lack other forms of contact. Results suggest that more attention should be paid to apparently routine and marginal decisions such as choice of clothes.
Enantiospecific photoresponse of sterically hindered diarylethenes for chiroptical switches and photomemories
Authors: Li Wenlong , Li Xin , Xie Yongshu , Wu Yue , Li Mengqi , Wu Xin-Yan , Zhu Wei-Hong , Tian He 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLight-driven transcription, replication and enzyme catalysis are critically dependent upon a delicate transfer between molecular and supramolecular chirality. Chemists have well realized the impressive stereospecificity over many thermally accessible cycloaddition with chiral catalysts, but making light work in the enantiomer control of diarylethene photocyclization has proved to be more challenging. Here, we report a unique sterically hindered diarylethene (BBTE) system with absolute enantiospecific photocyclization and cycloreversion. Moreover, we have fully separated all the five thermally stable isomers, consisting of one achiral parallel conformer, one pair of anti-parallel ring-open enantiomers and another pair of ring-closed enantiomers, whose absolute chiral configurations are entirely elucidated by single X-ray crystallographic analyses. The photo-responsive feature exhibits a reversible, complete enantio-control transformation without racemism, offering an unrivaled unimolecular enantiospecific platform for potential applications as bistable chiroptical switches and all-photonic photomemories with optical rotation as non-destructive readout.
Single cell visualization of transcription kinetics variance of highly mobile identical genes using 3D nanoimaging
Authors: Annibale Paolo , Gratton Enrico 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMulti-cell biochemical assays and single cell fluorescence measurements revealed that the elongation rate of Polymerase II (PolII) in eukaryotes varies largely across different cell types and genes. However, there is not yet a consensus whether intrinsic factors such as the position, local mobility or the engagement by an active molecular mechanism of a genetic locus could be the determinants of the observed heterogeneity. Here by employing high-speed 3D fluorescence nanoimaging techniques we resolve and track at the single cell level multiple, distinct regions of mRNA synthesis within the model system of a large transgene array. We demonstrate that these regions are active transcription sites that release mRNA molecules in the nucleoplasm. Using fluctuation spectroscopy and the phasor analysis approach we were able to extract the local PolII elongation rate at each site as a function of time. We measured a four-fold variation in the average elongation between identical copies of the same gene measured simultaneously within the same cell, demonstrating a correlation between local transcription kinetics and the movement of the transcription site. Together these observations demonstrate that local factors, such as chromatin local mobility and the microenvironment of the transcription site, are an important source of transcription kinetics variability.
Biomarkers of early stage osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and musculoskeletal health
Authors: Ahmed Usman , Anwar Attia , Savage Richard S. , Costa Matthew L. , Mackay Nicola , Filer Andrew , Raza Karim , Watts Richard A. , Winyard Paul G. , Tarr Joanna , Haigh Richard C. , Thornalley Paul J. , Rabbani Naila 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThere is currently no biochemical test for detection of early-stage osteoarthritis (eOA). Tests for early-stage rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies require refinement to improve clinical utility. We developed robust mass spectrometric methods to quantify citrullinated protein (CP) and free hydroxyproline in body fluids. We detected CP in the plasma of healthy subjects and surprisingly found that CP was increased in both patients with eOA and eRA whereas anti–CCP antibodies were predominantly present in eRA. A 4-class diagnostic algorithm combining plasma/serum CP, anti-CCP antibody and hydroxyproline applied to a cohort gave specific and sensitive detection and discrimination of eOA, eRA, other non-RA inflammatory joint diseases and good skeletal health. This provides a first-in-class plasma/serum-based biochemical assay for diagnosis and type discrimination of early-stage arthritis to facilitate improved treatment and patient outcomes, exploiting citrullinated protein and related differential autoimmunity.
Limbus- Versus Fornix-Based Trabeculectomy for Open-Angle Glaucoma Eyes with Prior Ocular Surgery: The Collaborative Bleb-Related Infection Incidence and Treatment Study
Authors: Yokota Satoshi , Takihara Yuji , Inatani Masaru 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe compared the surgical successes of limbus- and fornix-based trabeculectomies in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes that had prior ocular surgery in the Collaborative Bleb-Related Infection Incidence and Treatment Study (CBIITS), Japan. From the 1,098 glaucoma eyes in 34 clinical centers in CBIITS, 195 OAG eyes that had undergone previous trabeculectomy and/or lens extraction were included. Limbus- or fornix-based trabeculectomy with mitomycin C were performed. Surgical failure (IOP ≥ 21, 18, or 15 mmHg for criterion A, B or C, respectively; <20% decrease from baseline; reoperation for glaucoma; or loss of light perception vision) was counted. There were 106 and 89 eyes treated with limbus- and fornix-based trabeculectomies, respectively. At 3 years, IOP (mean ± SD) was 12.5 ± 5.9 and 14.1 ± 6.4 mmHg and the cumulative probabilities of failure during 3 years were 30.2% and 50.5% for criterion A, 40.3% and 57.4% for criterion B and 57.9% and 65.8% for criterion C in the limbus- and the fornix-based group, respectively. Fornix-based incisions were associated with surgical failure in Cox-proportional multivariable analysis for criterion A [relative risk (RR) = 1.96] and B [RR = 1.60]. Limbus-based trabeculectomy had a higher probability of success in OAG eyes with prior ocular surgery.
In Vitro Epithelial Organoid Generation Induced by Substrate Nanotopography
Authors: Shen Yusheng , Hou Youmin , Yao Shuhuai , Huang Pingbo , Yobas Levent 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) exhibits tissue-specific topography and composition and plays a crucial role in initiating the biochemical and biomechanical signaling required for organizing cells into distinct tissues during development. How single cells assemble into structures featuring specific shapes in response to external cues is poorly understood. We examined the effect of substrate nanotopography on the morphogenesis of several types of epithelial cells and found that in response to the topography, Calu-3 and MDCK-II cells formed organoids that closely resemble their morphology in vivo. This finding represents the first demonstration that substrate nanotopography, one of the first physical cues detected by cells, can by itself induce epithelial tissue-like organization. Our results provide insights, in terms of a new aspect of ECM topography, into the design of future tissue-engineering systems and the study of mechanosignaling in the epithelium during normal development and tumor progression.
Serotonin versus catecholamine deficiency: behavioral and neural effects of experimental depletion in remitted depression
Authors: Homan P , Neumeister A , Nugent A C , Charney D S , Drevets W C , Hasler G 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDespite immense efforts into development of new antidepressant drugs, the increases of serotoninergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmission have remained the two major pharmacodynamic principles of current drug treatments for depression. Consequently, psychopathological or biological markers that predict response to drugs that selectively increase serotonin and/or catecholamine neurotransmission hold the potential to optimize the prescriber’s selection among currently available treatment options. The aim of this study was to elucidate the differential symptomatology and neurophysiology in response to reductions in serotonergic versus catecholaminergic neurotransmission in subjects at high risk of depression recurrence. Using identical neuroimaging procedures with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography after tryptophan depletion (TD) and catecholamine depletion (CD), subjects with remitted depression were compared with healthy controls in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Although TD induced significantly more depressed mood, sadness and hopelessness than CD, CD induced more inactivity, concentration difficulties, lassitude and somatic anxiety than TD. CD specifically increased glucose metabolism in the bilateral ventral striatum and decreased glucose metabolism in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, whereas TD specifically increased metabolism in the right prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex. Although we found direct associations between changes in brain metabolism and induced depressive symptoms following CD, the relationship between neural activity and symptoms was less clear after TD. In conclusion, this study showed that serotonin and catecholamines have common and differential roles in the pathophysiology of depression.
Imperial expansion, public investment, and the long path of history: China’s initial political unification and its aftermath
Authors: Fang Hui , Feinman Gary M. , Nicholas Linda M. 
Published: March 2015

SignificanceDuring the Bronze Age, the diverse cultural traditions of the earlier Chinese Neolithic were interconnected into more expansive political and economic networks that culminated in the establishment of the region’s first empires (Qin and Han). Drawing on documents and archaeology, we outline the processes associated with this political consolidation and steps that were taken during imperial governance at both the national and a specific local scale (coastal Shandong Province), where we have conducted two decades of archaeological settlement pattern research. Through the juxtaposition of macro- and microscale analysis, we document human impacts of infrastructural investments, interactive technologies, and ideological tenets that were implemented during the Qin–Han dynasties, which helped establish the rough spatial configuration of what has since been China.
Global dispersion and local diversification of the methane seep microbiome
Authors: Ruff S. Emil , Biddle Jennifer F. , Teske Andreas P. , Knittel Katrin , Boetius Antje , Ramette Alban 
Published: March 2015

Significance
Methane seeps are natural gas leaks at the seafloor that emit methane to the hydrosphere. The emission rates are controlled by methane-oxidizing microorganisms, which shape the ecosystem by supplying energy sources to other microorganisms and animal symbioses. We provide evidence that methane seeps are island-like habitats, harboring distinct microbial communities that share few organisms with other seafloor ecosystems. The seep communities comprise bacteria and archaea that occur worldwide but are locally selected by the environment. These microorganisms show high relative sequence abundances, suggesting high population densities and global relevance for the control of methane emission from the seafloor. At individual seeps, the cosmopolitan microorganisms are associated with a substantial diversity of rare relatives, turning seeps into hotspots of microbial biodiversity.
Intercellular signaling via cyclic GMP diffusion through gap junctions restarts meiosis in mouse ovarian follicles
Authors: Shuhaibar Leia C. , Egbert Jeremy R. , Norris Rachael P. , Lampe Paul D. , Nikolaev Viacheslav O. , Thunemann Martin , Wen Lai , Feil Robert , Jaffe Laurinda A. 
Published: March 2015

Significance
By imaging cyclic GMP (cGMP) in live ovarian follicles from mice, we show how luteinizing hormone signaling in the follicle periphery results in a rapid decrease in cGMP in the oocyte, thus reinitiating meiosis. Luteinizing hormone signaling lowers cGMP in the outer cells of the follicle, then cGMP in the oocyte decreases as a consequence of diffusion through gap junctions. These findings demonstrate directly that a physiological signal initiated by a stimulus in one region of an intact tissue can travel across many layers of cells via cyclic nucleotide diffusion through gap junctions.