bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of inner secondary air cone length of a centrally fuel‐rich swirl burner on combustion characteristics and NOx emissions in a 0.5 MW pulverized coal‐fired furnace with air‐staging
Authors: Ti Shuguang , Chen Zhichao , Li Zhengqi , Li Guipeng , Zhang Hao , Zeng Lingyan , Zhu Qunyi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLow NOx burners and air staging technology are the most economic and effective means of reducing NOx emissions from coal‐fired furnaces. However, it is difficult to significantly reduce NOx emissions through air‐staged combustion in the furnace without reducing the boiler efficiency. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the inner secondary air cone length of a centrally fuel‐rich swirl coal combustion burner on combustion and NOx characteristics using a 0.5 MW laboratory furnace with air‐staging. Gas temperature and concentrations of gaseous species (O2, CO, and NOx) were measured in the primary combustion and burnout zones for different inner secondary air cone lengths. It was found that the inner secondary air cone length had significant effects on NOx emissions, unburned carbon content in the fly ash, and ignition performance of the burner. As the inner secondary air cone length increased, the unburned carbon content in the fly ash level increased, NOx emissions decreased, and pulverized‐coal ignition occurred later. The optimized results provide an important reference for engineering design. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of thermal treatment on the CO2 sorption of triblockcopolymers derived from polyimide and poly(methylmethacrylate)
Authors: Ando Shota , Yoshida Akihiro , Nagai Kazukiyo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTABA‐type triblock copolymers were synthesized using 4,4‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride‐2,3,5,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine (6FDA‐TeMPD) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The films were characterized by determining the effects of different content ratios and thermal decomposition of PMMA block on CO2 sorption properties. TGA results showed that a thermal labile block can be completely decomposed under a previously reported thermal condition. SEM results presented that the asperity was micro‐phase separation caused by the PMMA block content rate. Numerous pores with sizes of approximately 10 to 50 nm were detected on Block(28/72) and Block(10/90). The isotherms of all films fitted the dual‐mode sorption model, and CO2 sorption decreased with increased PMMA content rate. Infinite‐dilution CO2 solubility depended on the Langmuir's site of each polymer because SH0/S0 of PI and Block(PI/PMMA) varied from 0.84 to 0.92 CO2 affinity was increased by thermal treatment as indicated by the higher b and S0 values of thermally treated films than those of nontreated films. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42208.
Applications of vertebral morphometrics in Pacific Island archaeological fishing studies
Authors: Lambrides Ariana B.J. , Weisler Marshall I. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSignificant differences between fish bone identification protocols in Pacific Island archaeology and other regions (e.g. Europe and North America) have influenced the use of vertebral morphometrics for the reconstruction of fish length and weight. Fish vertebral morphometrics using vertebrae identified to taxon and type (e.g. caudal, thoracic) are routinely reported in the archaeological literature outside of the Pacific Islands. Conversely, in Pacific Island archaeological fishing studies, vertebrae that are not identified to taxon have been utilised to assess change in average fish vertebrae size, and to reconstruct changes in fish length and weight over time. Using a fish bone assemblage from a prehistoric habitation site on Ebon Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, we report false trends when vertebrae – not identified to taxon and type – are used to assess differences in average vertebrae size among cultural layers. These results are compared to the same assemblage where taxon and vertebra type are used to more accurately determine fish size. It is essential that vertebrae from Pacific Island fish bone assemblages are identified to taxon and type prior to assessing change in fish size over time, especially when investigating human impacts to finfish resources, capture technology or charting environmental change.
An Association Between Amino Acid Position 74 of HLA–DRB1 and Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibody Levels in Japanese Patients With Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibody–Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Terao Chikashi , Suzuki Akari , Ikari Katsunori , Kochi Yuta , Ohmura Koichiro , Katayama Masaki , Nakabo Shuichiro , Yamamoto Natsuki , Suzuki Taku , Iwamoto Takuji , Yurugi Kimiko , Miura Yasuo , Maekawa Taira , Takasugi Kiyoshi , Kubo Michiaki , Saji Hiroh , Taniguchi Atsuo , Momohara Shigeki , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Yamanaka Hisashi , Mimori Tsuneyo , Matsuda Fumihiko 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveAnti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are highly specific to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and strong associations between HLA–DRB1 alleles and ACPA levels have been detected in RA patients. We undertook this study to elucidate the associations between particular amino acid positions in HLA–DRB1 and ACPA levels in patients with RA.MethodsWe analyzed ACPA data on a total of 4,371 Japanese ACPA‐positive RA patients in whom HLA–DRB1 allele genotyping had been performed. Generalized linear regression analysis and omnibus testing were carried out to determine associations of HLA–DRB1 alleles, amino acid residues, or amino acid positions with levels of ACPA.ResultsHLA–DRB1*09:01 and HLA–DR15 were confirmed to be associated with ACPA levels. HLA–DRB1*08:03 and DRB1*14:06 were associated with reduced and increased ACPA levels, respectively. We detected a strong association between ACPA levels and amino acid position 74 (P = 1.9 × 10−51). The association was mainly conferred by alanine residue (P = 4.5 × 10−51). After adjustment for position 74, amino acid positions 60 and 57 were found to be associated with ACPA levels. Amino acid positions 74 and 57 had previously been reported to be associated with susceptibility to ACPA‐positive RA in Asians. Combinations of the amino acid residues at position 74 and position 60 or 57 could induce improvement in Akaike's information criterion comparable to that induced by the 5 significant HLA–DRB1 alleles (HLA–DRB1*08:03, DRB1*09:01, DRB1*14:06, DRB1*15:01, and DRB1*15:02).ConclusionAmino acid position 74 in HLA–DRB1 is strongly associated with ACPA levels in ACPA‐positive RA, as well as with RA susceptibility. The mechanisms of ACPA production and susceptibility to ACPA‐positive RA seem to partly overlap.
Output Feedback H∞ Control for Discrete‐time Mean‐field Stochastic Systems
Authors: Ma Limin , Zhang Weihai 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper is to consider dynamic output feedback H∞ control of mean‐field type for stochastic discrete‐time systems with state‐ and disturbance‐dependent noise. A stochastic bounded real lemma (SBRL) of mean‐field type is derived. Based on the SBRL, a sufficient condition with the form of coupled nonlinear matrix inequalities is derived for the existence of a stabilizing H∞ controller. Moreover, a numerical example is given to examine the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Latent‐variable Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Strategy for a pH Neutralization Process
Authors: Chi Qinghua , Fei Zhengshun , Liu Kangling , Liang Jun 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTLinear model predictive control (MPC) is a widely‐used control strategy in chemical processes. Its extension to nonlinear MPC (NMPC) has drawn increasing attention since many process systems are inherently nonlinear. When implementing the NMPC based on a nonlinear predictive model, a nonlinear dynamic optimization problem must be calculated. For the sake of solving this optimization problem efficiently, a latent‐variable dynamic optimization approach is proposed. Two kinds of constraint formulations, original variable constraint and Hotelling T2 statistic constraint, are also discussed. The proposed method is illustrated in a pH neutralization process. The results demonstrate that the latent‐variable dynamic optimization based the NMPC strategy is efficient and has good control performance.
Behavior of taxi customers in hailing vacant taxis: a nested logit model for policy analysis
Authors: Wong R. C. P. , Szeto W. Y. , Wong S. C. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis study models and examines the taxi customers' preferences for hailing vacant taxis on streets. A stated preference survey was conducted to randomly select and interview 1242 taxi customers at taxi stands and pedestrians on streets, who had experiences of taking taxis recently, about their choices under different given hypothetical scenarios. In total, 4968 observations were collected and used for developing the discrete choice models for the analysis. To account for the potential correlations among alternatives, two nested logit models are developed, calibrated, and compared with a standard multinomial logit model in the investigation. The results of likelihood ratio test demonstrate that one of the developed nested logit models is better than the standard multinomial logit model to describe the search behavior of taxi customers. The model results also show that the walking time to and the waiting time at the location for hailing taxis, the extra travel time to the destination because of local circulation for finding a way from the pickup location heading to a passenger's destination, as well as the taxi customers' perceptions for walking to and waiting at taxi stands were found as significant factors to influence their decisions. In addition, the results of market segmentation analysis illustrate the variations in taxi‐search strategies of taxi customers in different districts and regions. Some policy implications on introducing more taxi stands and improving the utilization rates of taxi stands are also discussed. We believe that the proposed models, findings, and discussion are useful for developing micro‐simulation models to evaluate the performance of road traffic networks with taxi services and developing simulation‐based optimization models to answer policy questions related to taxi services. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flächentragwerke aus flexibel spaltprofilierten Blechbauteilen
Authors: Reising Jakob , Schäfer Stefan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFreie Formen spielen in der Architektur eine immer größere Rolle, besonders seit sie in den letzten 20 Jahren durch neu entwickelte CAD‐Tools leichter planbar wurden. Dadurch entwickelten sich neue architektonische Formensprachen. Die Serienfertigung, wie sie im Sonderforschungsbereich 666 (SFB 666) erforscht wird, bietet hier Potenziale, den Bauprozess neuer Architekturformen zu vereinfachen.Der SFB 666 erforscht das Spaltprofilieren und Spaltbiegen von Blechen. Bei diesen Umformungsprozessen entsteht ein ultrafeinkörniges Gefüge (engl. UFG), welches sich durch eine erhöhte Festigkeit und Härte auszeichnet. In nachgelagerten Bearbeitungsschritten können Aussparungen gefräst werden. Es lassen sich also sowohl gekrümmte Profile als auch rippenversteifte flächige Bauteile aus dünnen Blechen herstellen.Diese Technologien bieten nunmehr das Potenzial, den Baustoff Blech als tragendes Element von frei geformten Schalen oder Häuten zu verwenden. Um diese neuen Fertigungstechnologien bei hoch individualisierten Bauwerken anzuwenden, müssen die Produktionsabläufe schon in der Entwurfsphase berücksichtigt werden.Load‐bearing surface structures made of flexible flow split sheet metal componentsFreeform shapes are playing an increasingly important role in contemporary architecture especially since it is possible to plan them with CAD‐tools that were newly developed in the past 20 years. This gives room for new architectural design languages to evolve. The serial production as researched in the Collaborative Research Center 666 (CRC 666) offers the potential to simplify the construction of these new architectural shapes.CRC 666 explores different methods of cold formed metal sheets in particular flow splitting and bend splitting. Through this process an ultrafine grain structure (UFG), which is characterized by material hardening, is created. These profiles can be manufactured with defined curvature radii. In the following processing steps cut‐outs can be milled. Today these technologies offer the possibility to use sheet metal material as structural elements of free‐form shells or skins.To apply these new manufacturing technologies to individual structures, the production processes already need to be considered in the early design phase of a building. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the requirements and restrictions of these production technologies.
Verfahren zum Erdbebennachweis von durch Stahlbetonwände ausgesteiften Gebäuden mit explizitem Nachweis der Verformungen
Authors: Zahn Franz A. , Köber Dietlinde 
Published: April 2015

AbstractÜblicherweise wird bei der Erdbebenbemessung von durch Stahlbetonwände ausgesteiften Gebäuden entweder die ungerissene Biegesteifigkeit oder ein von dieser durch einen Abminderungsfaktor abgeleiteter Wert zur Berücksichtigung des Zustands II verwendet. Tatsächlich ist die Biegesteifigkeit von Stahlbetonquerschnitten jedoch vom Bewehrungsgrad und von der Normalkraft abhängig. Die Fließverschiebung, bei der sich am Fuß einer Stahlbetonwand ein plastisches Gelenk bildet, ist hingegen fast ausschließlich von ihrer Länge im Grundriss abhängig. Torsionswirkungen infolge Exzentrizität zwischen Massen‐ und Steifigkeitsmittelpunkt werden üblicherweise durch Vergrößerung der Bemessungskräfte der einzelnen Wände berücksichtigt. Den durch die Torsionswirkung vergrößerten Verschiebungen einzelner Wände wird dabei keine Beachtung geschenkt. Da die durch die Verhaltensbeiwerte der Normen implizit vorausgesetzte ertragbare Verformung des Tragsystems zusätzliche Verschiebungen infolge Torsion nicht explizit berücksichtigt, kann es so unter Umständen wegen Überschreitung der maximal möglichen Verformung einzelner Wände zu einem vorzeitigen Versagen kommen. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird ein quasi‐händisches Nachweisverfahren vorgestellt, mit dem die explizite Berücksichtigung von torsionsbedingten Verschiebungen möglich ist und bei dem realistische Biegesteifigkeiten für die Wände verwendet werden.Alternative seismic design methodology for reinforced concrete wall buildings incorporating the prediction of wall displacementsTypically the seismic design of reinforced concrete wall buildings uses either the uncracked flexural stiffness, or a value derived from it by multiplication with a reduction factor in order to allow for the influence of cracking. In fact however, the cracked stiffness of RC sections depends on the reinforcing ratio and on the axial load level. The yield deflection at which a plastic hinge will form at the base of a RC wall on the other hand, depends almost exclusively on the length of the wall in plan. Torsional effects due to eccentricity between the centres of mass and rigidity are typically allowed for by increasing the design lateral loads for individual walls. The increase of the deflection of individual walls due to torsional effects is not taken into consideration. Because the structural deformations implied by code force reduction factors do not explicitly allow for the increase of wall deflections due to torsional effects there is a possibility of a premature failure due to the exceedence of the deformation capacity of the critical wall. The paper presents a design methodology using realistic cracked member stiffness and explicitly allowing for additional wall deformations related to torsion.
Spectroscopic and molecular modelling analysis of the interaction between ethane‐1,2‐diyl bis(N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐hexadecylammoniumacetoxy)dichloride and bovine serum albumin
Authors: Patel Rajan , Mir Muzaffar Ul Hassan , Maurya Jitendra Kumar , Singh Upendra Kumar , Maurya Neha , Parray Mehraj ud din , Khan Abbul Bashar , Ali Anwar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSeveral spectroscopic approaches namely fluorescence, time‐resolved fluorescence, UV‐visible, and Fourier transform infra‐red (FT‐IR) spectroscopy were employed to examine the interaction between ethane‐1,2‐diyl bis(N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐hexadecylammoniumacetoxy)dichloride (16‐E2‐16) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Fluorescence studies revealed that 16‐E2‐16 quenched the BSA fluorescence through a static quenching mechanism, which was further confirmed by UV–visible and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, the binding constant and the number of binding sites were also calculated. The thermodynamic parameters at different temperatures (298 K, 303 K, 308 K and 313 K) indicated that 16‐E2‐16 binding to BSA is entropy driven and that the major driving forces are electrostatic interactions. Decrease of the α‐helix from 53.90 to 46.20% with an increase in random structure from 22.56 to 30.61% were also observed by FT‐IR. Furthermore, the molecular docking results revealed that 16‐E2‐16 binds predominantly by electrostatic and hydrophobic forces to some residues in the BSA sub‐domains IIA and IIIA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoluminescence properties of lithium magnesium borate glasses system doped with dysprosium oxide
Authors: Mhareb M. H. A. , Hashim S. , Ghoshal S. K. , Alajerami Y. S. M. , Saleh M. A. , Razak N. A. B. , Azizan S. A. B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report the impact of dysprosium (Dy3+) dopant and magnesium oxide (MgO) modifier on the thermoluminescent properties of lithium borate (LB) glass via two procedures. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves reveal a single prominent peak at 190 °C for 0.5 mol% of Dy3+. An increase in MgO contents by 10 mol% enhances the TL intensity by a factor of 1.5 times without causing any shift in the maximum temperature. This enhancement is attributed to the occurrence of extra electron traps created via magnesium and the energy transfer to trivalent Dy3+ ions. Good linearity in the range of 0.01–4 Gy with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.998, fading as low as 21% over a period of 3 months, excellent reproducibility without oven annealing and tissue equivalent effective atomic numbers ~8.71 are achieved. The trap parameters, including geometric factor (μg), activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s) associated with LMB:Dy are also determined. These favorable TL characteristics of prepared glasses may contribute towards the development of Li2O–MgO–B2O3 radiation dosimeters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural, morphological and steady state photoluminescence spectroscopy studies of red Eu3+‐doped Y2O3 nanophosphors prepared by the sol‐gel method
Authors: Lamiri Lyes , Guerbous Lakhdar , Samah Madani , Boukerika Allaoua , Ouhenia Salim 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEuropium trivalent (Eu3+)‐doped Y2O3 nanopowders of different concentrations (0.5, 2.5, 5 or 7 at.%) were synthesized by the sol‐gel method, at different pH values (pH 2, 5 or 8) and annealing temperatures (600°C, 800°C or 1000°C). The nanopowders samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and steady state photoluminescence spectroscopy. The effect of pH of solution and annealing temperatures on structural, morphological and photoluminescence properties of Eu3+‐doped Y2O3 were studied and are discussed. It was found that the average crystallite size of the nanopowders increased with increasing pH and annealing temperature values. The Y2O3:Eu3+ material presented different morphology and its evolution depended on the pH value and the annealing temperature. Activation energies at different pH values were determined and are discussed. Under ultraviolet (UV) light excitation, Y2O3:Eu3+ showed narrow emission peaks corresponding to the 5D0–7FJ (J = 0, 1, 2 and 3) transitions of the Eu3+ ion, with the most intense red emission at 611 assigned to forced electric dipole 5D0→7F2. The emission intensity became more intense with increasing annealing temperature and pH values, related to the improvement of crystalline quality. For the 1000°C annealing temperature, the emission intensity presented a maximum at pH 5 related to the uniform cubic‐shaped particles. It was found that for lower annealing temperatures (small crystallite size) the CTB (charge transfer band) position presented a red shift. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binding properties of palmatine to DNA: spectroscopic and molecular modeling investigations
Authors: Mi Ran , Tu Bao , Bai Xiao‐Ting , Chen Jun , Ouyang Yu , Hu Yan‐Jun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPalmatine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an important medicinal herbal extract with diverse pharmacological and biological properties. In this work, spectroscopic and molecular modeling approaches were employed to reveal the interaction between palmatine and DNA isolated from herring sperm. The absorption spectra and iodide quenching results indicated that groove binding was the main binding mode of palmatine to DNA. Fluorescence studies indicated that the binding constant (K) of palmatine and DNA was ~ 104 L·mol−1. The associated thermodynamic parameters, ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS, indicated that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces played major roles in the interaction. The effects of chemical denaturant, thermal denaturation and pH on the interaction were investigated and provided further support for the groove binding mode. In addition to experimental approaches, molecular modeling was conducted to verify binding pattern of palmatine–DNA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of the binding affinity of methylene blue to site I in human serum albumin by cupric and ferric ions
Authors: He Ling‐Ling , Wang Yong‐Xia , Wu Xiao‐Xia , Liu Xian‐Ping , Wang Xin , Liu Bin , Wang Xin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this work, the binding characteristics of methylene blue (MB) to human serum albumin (HSA) and the influence of Cu2+ and Fe3+ on the binding affinity of MB to HSA were investigated using fluorescence, absorption, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The results of competitive binding experiments using the site probes ketoprofen and ibuprofen as specific markers suggested that MB was located in site I within sub‐domain IIA of HSA. The molecular modelling results agreed with the results of competitive site marker experiments and the results of CD spectra indicated that the interaction between MB and HSA caused the conformational changes in HSA. The binding affinity of MB to HSA was enhanced but to a different extent in the presence of Cu2+ and Fe3+, respectively, which indicated that the influence of different metal ions varied. Enhancement of the binding affinity of MB to HSA in the presence of Cu2+ is due to the formation of Cu2+–HSA complex leading to the conformational changes in HSA, whereas in the presence of Fe3+, enhancement of the binding affinity is due to the greater stability of the Fe3+–HSA–MB complex compared with the MB–HSA complex. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lebensraum Seegraswiese
Authors: Molenkamp Miriam 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSeegraswiesen besitzen eine vielseitige ökologische Bedeutung. Neben ihrer Rolle als Produzenten bieten sie Dank ihrer komplexen räumlichen Struktur und reichen Diversität einer Vielzahl von Organismen Schutz und eine Nahrungsgrundlage. Viele Arten zeigen hoch spezialisierte Anpassungen an den Lebensraum Seegraswiese. Dieser Artikel präsentiert eine Auswahl dieser Spezialisten im Roten Meer und ihre verschiedenen Überlebensstrategien: Symbiose, Mimikry und Tarntracht.