bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying run‐off contributions during melt‐induced run‐off events in a glacierized alpine catchment
Authors: Engel Michael , Penna Daniele , Bertoldi Giacomo , Dell'Agnese Andrea , Soulsby Chris , Comiti Francesco 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe analysed contributions to run‐off using hourly stream water samples from seven individual melt‐induced run‐off events (plus one rainfall event) during 2011, 2012 and 2013 in two nested glacierized catchments in the Eastern Italian Alps. Electrical conductivity and stable isotopes of water were used for mixing analysis and two‐component and three‐component hydrograph separation.High‐elevation snowmelt, glacier melt and autumn groundwater were identified as major end‐members. Discharge and tracers in the stream followed the diurnal variations of air temperature but markedly reacted to rainfall inputs. Hysteresis patterns between discharge and electrical conductivity during the melt‐induced run‐off events revealed contrasting loop directions at the two monitored stream sections. Snowmelt contribution to run‐off was highest in June and July (up to 33%), whereas the maximum contribution of glacier melt was reached in August (up to 65%). The maximum groundwater and rainfall contributions were 62% and 11%, respectively. Run‐off events were generally characterized by decreasing snowmelt and increasing glacier melt fractions from the beginning to the end of the summer 2012, while run‐off events in 2013 showed less variable snowmelt and lower glacier melt contributions than in 2012.The results provided essential insights into the complex dynamics of melt‐induced run‐off events and may be of further use in the context of water resource management in alpine catchments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bisphosphonate Induces Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Diabetic Mice via NLRP3/Caspase-1-Dependent IL-1β Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Qunzhou , Yu Weihua , Lee Sumin , Xu Qilin , Naji Ali , Le Anh D 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is an established risk factor associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Sustained activation of Nod-like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to the persistent inflammation and impaired cutaneous wound healing in diabetic mice and human. We have recently demonstrated a compelling linkage between M1 macrophages and BRONJ conditions in both murine and human diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether NLRP3 inflammasome activation is involved in BRONJ development in diabetic mice. We showed an increased incidence of delayed oral wound healing and bone necrosis of extraction sockets in db/db mice compared with those in nondiabetic db/+ controls, which correlated with an elevated expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β in macrophages residing at local wounds. Constitutively, bone marrow-derived macrophages from db/db mice (db/db BMDMs) secrete a relatively higher level of IL-1β than those from db/+ mice (db/+ BMDMs). Upon stimulation by NLRP3 activators, the secretion of IL-1β by db/db BMDMs was 1.77-fold higher than that by db/+ BMDMs (p &lt; 0.001). Systemic treatment of mice with zoledronate (Zol), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, resulted in a 1.86- and 1.63-fold increase in NLRP3/caspase-1-dependent IL-1β secretion by db/+ and db/db BMDMs, respectively, compared with BMDMs derived from nontreated mice (p &lt; 0.001). Importantly, systemic administration of pharmacological inhibitors of NLRP3 activation improved oral wound healing and suppressed BRONJ formation in db/db mice. Mechanistically, we showed that supplementation with intermediate metabolites of the mevalonate pathway, inhibitors of caspase-1 and NLRP3 activation, an antagonist for P2X7R, or a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), robustly abolished Zol-enhanced IL-1β release from macrophages in response to NLRP3 activation (p &lt; 0.001). Our findings suggest that diabetes-associated chronic inflammatory response may have contributed to impaired socket wound healing and rendered oral wound susceptible to the development of BRONJ via NLRP3 activation in macrophages. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Acrylamide Influence on Activity of Acetylcholinesterase, Thiol Groups, and Malondialdehyde Content in the Brain of Swiss Mice
Authors: Kopańska Marta , Lukáč Norbert , Kapusta Edyta , Formicki Grzegorz 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTAcrylamide is a neurotoxin inhibiting neurotransmission in peripheral nerves. Less is known about acrylamide influence on the central nervous system. Here we measured acrylamide influence on the acetylcholinesterase activity in brain stem, hemispheres, and cerebellum of mice (males, Swiss strain) in relation to the thiol groups and malondialdehyde concentration. Acrylamide was injected intraperitoneally (20 and 40 mg/kg, i.e. 0.52 and 1.04 mg per animal). The brain structures were taken 24, 48, and 192 h after the injection. Acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly lower (p < 0.001 to p < 0.05) in all the structures. It was accompanied by the statistically significant (p < 0.001 to p < 0.05) increase in malondialdehyde concentrations in most of the studied structures time periods and ACR doses. –SH groups concentrations were significantly depleted in the right hemisphere (p < 0.01) after 24 h and in brain stem (p < 0.05) after 48 h. We suggest that neurotoxicity of acrylamide in brain is related to acetylcholinesterase inhibition and redox imbalance.
Establishing a methodology to examine the effects of war‐zone PTSD on the family: the family foundations study
Authors: Vasterling Jennifer J. , Taft Casey T. , Proctor Susan P. , Macdonald Helen Z. , Lawrence Amy , Kalill Kathleen , Kaiser Anica P. , Lee Lewina O. , King Daniel W. , King Lynda A. , Fairbank John A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMilitary deployment may adversely affect not only returning veterans, but their families, as well. As a result, researchers have increasingly focused on identifying risk and protective factors for successful family adaptation to war‐zone deployment, re‐integration of the returning veteran, and the longer‐term psychosocial consequences of deployment experienced by some veterans and families. Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among returning veterans may pose particular challenges to military and military veteran families; however, questions remain regarding the impact of the course of veteran PTSD and other potential moderating factors on family adaptation to military deployment. The Family Foundations Study builds upon an established longitudinal cohort of Army soldiers (i.e. the Neurocognition Deployment Health Study) to help address remaining knowledge gaps. This report describes the conceptual framework and key gaps in knowledge that guided the study design, methodological challenges and special considerations in conducting military family research, and how these gaps, challenges, and special considerations are addressed by the study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stepwise measurement procedure for the characterization of large‐area photovoltaic modules
Authors: Rapp Christoph , Steiner Marc , Siefer Gerald , Bett Andreas W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present an indoor measurement procedure for characterizing the electrical performance of large aperture photovoltaic modules. Because of the fact that sun simulators, especially for concentrator photovoltaic applications, are strongly limited in the size of the uniformly illuminated area, we developed a measurement procedure that allows characterizing modules with a larger aperture area than the aperture provided by the sun simulator. The procedure is based on the concept of stepwise illumination of the module area and measurement of the corresponding I–V curves—without the need to contact the subunits directly. Using the additionally measured dark I–V curve of the module, the characteristic I–V curve of the full module can be calculated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Small Impoundments on Leaf Litter Decomposition in Streams
Authors: Mbaka J. G. , Schäfer R. B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLeaf litter decomposition is an important process providing energy to freshwater biota. Flow regulation and dams can strongly alter freshwater ecosystems, but little is known about the effect of small impoundments on leaf litter decomposition rates in headwater streams. In this study, we examined the effect of small water storage impoundments (80 to 720 m3) on leaf litter decomposition by comparing sites located within 10‐m upstream and downstream of nine impoundments (Rhineland Palatinate, Germany) and sites located further upstream and downstream. The impoundments did not have a statistically significant effect on most physico‐chemical variables. However, the abundance of shredders and leaf litter decomposition rates decreased in study sites located within 10‐m upstream of the area flooded by impoundments. Small impoundments can locally reduce leaf litter decomposition rates in headwater streams. The effect of small impoundments on ecosystem functioning is minor and may require less attention by freshwater managers than other stressors, though this may differ for other ecological aspects such as connectivity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two New Cadmium(II) Compounds based on Distinct Second Building Subunits: Solvothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Dong Yanli , Xing Guang'en 
Published: June 2015

Abstract Two cadmium(II) coordination polymers, namely [Cd3(bpt)2(DMA)2]n (1) and [Cd2(bpt)(btz)(DMF)]n (2) (H3bpt = biphenyl‐3,4′,5‐tricarboxylic acid, Hbtz = 1H‐benzotriazole, DMA = N,N‐dimethylacetamide; DMF = N,N‐dimethylformamide), were solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 displays a 3D framework based on trinuclear {Cd3(COO)4} subunits and can be simplified into a (4,8)‐connected topological network by viewing bpt3– ligands and trinuclear {Cd3(COO)4} units as 4‐, 8‐connected nodes, respectively. Compound 2 also displays a 3D framework but based on 1D chain subunits controlled by carboxylate groups and btz– ligands. In addition, the thermal stabilities and luminescent properties of compounds 1 and 2 were also investigated.
European beech, silver fir, and Norway spruce differ in establishment, height growth, and mortality rates on coarse woody debris and forest floor—a study from a mixed beech forest in the Western Carpathians
Authors: Orman Olga , Szewczyk Janusz 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Key message

In mixed forests, coarse woody debris promotes the successful establishment and growth of conifers and beech. In contrast to beech and fir, older spruce seedlings were only present on coarse woody debris and not on the forest floor.

Context

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is considered a suitable seedbed for small-seeded and light-demanding species. Its role in enhancing tree regeneration is well reported in boreal or subalpine spruce forests. Less is known about its role in the establishment, growth, and survival of other species, particularly in mixed forests.

Aims

We analyzed the role of CWD in seedling establishment, growth, and survival for European beech, silver fir, and Norway spruce.

Methods

We tracked the growth and survival of all germinants and seedlings over 5 years.

Results

Conifers were relatively more successful than beech at colonizing on CWD. The density of seedlings was variable in all CWD decay classes but was the highest on well-decomposed CWD. CWD supported the growth of all species. Beech cohorts and older seedlings had similar mortality rates on both microsites. Spruce germinants did not survive on the forest floor for more than a year, and older seedlings were only observed on CWD. Fir cohorts had similar mortality rates on both microsites, but older seedlings survived better on the forest floor.

Conclusion

Although the three species differed in their preferred microsite for establishment, CWD can be considered a suitable regeneration microsite for all three species by enhancing their growth and, in the case of spruce, both short- and long-term survival.
Global and local ancestry in African‐Americans: Implications for Alzheimer's disease risk
Authors: Hohman Timothy J. , Cooke‐Bailey Jessica N. , Reitz Christiane , Jun Gyungah , Naj Adam , Beecham Gary W. , Liu Zhi , Carney Regina M. , Vance Jeffrey M. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Rajbhandary Ruchita , Vardarajan Badri Narayan , Wang Li‐San , Valladares Otto , Lin Chiao‐Feng , Larson Eric B. , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Evans Denis , De Jager Philip L. , Crane Paul K. , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Murrell Jill R. , Raj Towfique , Ertekin‐Taner Nilufer , Logue Mark W. , Baldwin Clinton T. , Green Robert C. , Barnes Lisa L. , Cantwell Laura B. , Fallin M. Daniele , Go Rodney C.P. , Griffith Patrick , Obisesan Thomas O. , Manly Jennifer J. , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Kamboh M. Ilyas , Lopez Oscar L. , Bennett David A. , Hardy John , Hendrie Hugh C. , Hall Kathleen S. , Goate Alison M. , Lang Rosalyn , Byrd Goldie S. , Kukull Walter A. , Foroud Tatiana M. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Martin Eden R. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Mayeux Richard , Haines Jonathan L. , Thornton‐Wells Tricia A. ,   Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionAfrican‐American (AA) individuals have a higher risk for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) than Americans of primarily European ancestry (EA). Recently, the largest genome‐wide association study in AAs to date confirmed that six of the Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related genetic variants originally discovered in EA cohorts are also risk variants in AA; however, the risk attributable to many of the loci (e.g., APOE, ABCA7) differed substantially from previous studies in EA. There likely are risk variants of higher frequency in AAs that have not been discovered.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive analysis of genetically determined local and global ancestry in AAs with regard to LOAD status.ResultsCompared to controls, LOAD cases showed higher levels of African ancestry, both globally and at several LOAD relevant loci, which explained risk for AD beyond global differences.DiscussionExploratory post hoc analyses highlight regions with greatest differences in ancestry as potential candidate regions for future genetic analyses.
Aortic perforation due to cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillator lead placement: Case report and medicolegal considerations
Authors: Grande Antonino M. , Fiore Antonio , Merlano Maurizio , Buzzi Fabio , Mazzola Alessandro 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA 45‐year‐old woman with dilated cardiomyopathy was admitted for the upgrade of a previously implanted pacemaker. Echocardiography showed intraventricular dyssynchrony and a low ejection fraction (0.35). Treatment with a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT‐D) was selected and the device was implanted. CRT‐D interrogation revealed proper function. Following procedure termination, the patient went into cardiac arrest and died despite resuscitation attempts. An autopsy revealed that the medial aspect of the right atrium was pierced by an active lead and that the aorta had a deep lesion, 2 mm in length, on its lateral aspect. We explain the probable pathogenesis of this patient's death.
Factors Influencing Antibiotic-Prescribing Decisions Among Inpatient Physicians: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Livorsi Daniel , Comer Amber , Matthias Marianne S. , Perencevich Eli N. , Bair Matthew J. 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVETo understand the professional and psychosocial factors that influence physician antibiotic prescribing habits in the inpatient setting.DESIGNWe conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 inpatient physicians. Interviews consisted of open-ended questions and flexible probes based on participant responses. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, de-identified, and reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Data were analyzed using emergent thematic analysis.SETTINGTwo teaching hospitals in Indianapolis, IndianaPARTICIPANTSA total of 30 inpatient physicians (10 physicians-in-training, 20 supervising staff) were enrolled in this study.RESULTSParticipants recognized that antibiotics are overused, and many admitted to prescribing antibiotics even when the clinical evidence of infection was uncertain. Overprescription was largely driven by anxiety about missing an infection, whereas potential adverse effects of antibiotics did not strongly influence decision making. Participants did not routinely disclose potential adverse effects of antibiotics to inpatients. Physicians-in-training were strongly influenced by the antibiotic prescribing behavior of their supervising staff physicians. Participants sometimes questioned their colleagues’ antibiotic prescribing decisions, but they frequently avoided providing direct feedback or critique. These physicians cited obstacles of hierarchy, infrequent face-to-face encounters, and the awkwardness of these conversations.CONCLUSIONA physician-based culture of prescribing antibiotics involves overusing antibiotics and not challenging the decisions of colleagues. The potential adverse effects of antibiotics did not strongly influence decision making in this sample. A better understanding of these factors could be leveraged in future efforts to improve antibiotic prescribing practices in the inpatient setting.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(9):1065–1072
THE HONOR COMMANDMENT: LAW, RELIGION, AND THE CHALLENGE OF ELDER CARE
Authors: Ziettlow Amy , Cahn Naomi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAs a religious law, adage, and recipe for generational reciprocity, the “honor commandment” looms large as a societal construct, especially with 76 million baby boomers in the United States approaching old age. This article explores how the honor commandment persists as a normative ethic in the lived practice of elder care and the ways that it is supported by, or at odds with, secular legal imperatives of elder care.Much in the way that the biblical story of Ruth provides a broad interpretation of how to live the honor commandment, this interdisciplinary exploration is informed by contemporary experiences of elder care culled from ethnographic interviews as well as by theological, demographic, and legal source material. We argue that the honor commandment continues to support practical adherence to largely unknown legal obligations. Caring for aging and ill parents can impose burdens on the caretakers that secular laws often fail to alleviate, particularly because of changes in the structure of twenty-first-century families. We suggest potential reforms that could better facilitate honoring seriously ill elders and the grown children who care for them.
Cod liver oil consumption at different periods of life and bone mineral density in old age
Authors: Eysteinsdottir Tinna , Halldorsson Thorhallur I. , Thorsdottir Inga , Sigurdsson Gunnar , Sigurdsson Sigurdur , Harris Tamara , Launer Lenore J. , Gudnason Vilmundur , Gunnarsdottir Ingibjorg , Steingrimsdottir Laufey 
Published: June 2015

Cod liver oil is a traditional source of vitamin D in Iceland, and regular intake is recommended partly for the sake of bone health. However, the association between lifelong consumption of cod liver oil and bone mineral density (BMD) in old age is unclear. The present study attempted to assess the associations between intake of cod liver oil in adolescence, midlife, and old age, and hip BMD in old age, as well as associations between cod liver oil intake in old age and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration. Participants of the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility–Reykjavik Study (age 66–96 years; n 4798), reported retrospectively cod liver oil intake during adolescence and midlife, as well as the one now in old age, using a validated FFQ. BMD of femoral neck and trochanteric region was measured by volumetric quantitative computed tomography, and serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured by means of a direct, competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Associations were assessed using linear regression models. No significant association was seen between retrospective cod liver oil intake and hip BMD in old age. Current intake of aged men was also not associated with hip BMD, while aged women with daily intakes had z-scores on average 0·1 higher, compared with those with an intake of < once/week. Although significant, this difference is small, and its clinical relevance is questionable. Intake of aged participants was positively associated with serum 25(OH)D: individuals with intakes of < once/week, one to six time(s)/week and daily intake had concentrations of approximately 40, 50 and 60 nmol/l respectively (P for trend < 0·001).
Asparagine attenuates hepatic injury caused by lipopolysaccharide in weaned piglets associated with modulation of Toll-like receptor 4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein signalling and their negative regulators
Authors: Wu Huanting , Liu Yulan , Pi Dingan , Leng Weibo , Zhu Huiling , Hou Yongqing , Li Shuang , Shi Haifeng , Wang Xiuying 
Published: June 2015

Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a key role in many models of hepatic damage. In addition, asparagine (Asn) plays an important role in immune function. We aimed to investigate whether Asn could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver damage. Forty-eight castrated barrows were allotted to four groups including: (1) non-challenged control; (2) LPS-challenged control; (3) LPS+0·5 % Asn; and (4) LPS+1·0 % Asn. After 19 d feeding with control, 0·5 or 1·0 % Asn diets, pigs were injected with LPS or saline. Blood and liver samples were obtained at 4 h (early stage) and 24 h (late stage) post-injection. Asn alleviated liver injury, indicated by reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities linearly and quadratically; it increased claudin-1 protein expression linearly and quadratically at 24 h, and less severe liver morphological impairment at 4 or 24 h. In addition, Asn decreased mRNA expression of TNF-α and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) linearly and quadratically at 4 h; it increased TNF-α mRNA expression, and HSP70 protein expression linearly and quadratically at 24 h. Moreover, Asn increased inducible NO synthase activity linearly and quadratically. Finally, Asn down-regulated the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling molecules (TLR4, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), TNF-α receptor-associated factor 6), nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein (NOD) signalling molecules (NOD1, NOD2 and their adaptor molecule receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2)), and NF-κB p65 linearly or quadratically at 4 h. Oppositely, Asn up-regulated mRNA expressions of TLR4 and NOD signalling molecules (TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, IRAK1, NOD2 and RIPK2), and their negative regulators (radioprotective 105, single Ig IL-1R-related molecule, Erbb2 interacting protein and centaurin β1) linearly or quadratically at 24 h. These results indicate that, in early and late stages of LPS challenge, Asn improves liver integrity and exerts different regulatory effects on mRNA expression of TLR4 and NOD signalling molecules.