bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in photo‐thermal sensitivity of widely grown Chinese soybean cultivars due to a century of genetic improvement
Authors: Wang Caijie , Wu Tingting , Wu Cunxiang , Jiang Bingjun , Sun Shi , Hou Wensheng , Han Tianfu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPhoto‐thermal sensitivity is a crucial factor that determines the phenology, adaptation and yield production of soybean. However, the change of photo‐thermal sensitivity due to a long process of soybean breeding remains unknown. To better understand this unique characteristic of soybean, we sought to evaluate the genetic improvement in photo‐thermal sensitivity of 63 widely grown soybean cultivars, spanning 83 years of breeding (1923–2006), from four main subregions in China. Days to the first flower was measured, and photo‐thermal sensitivity was calculated. We found that photo‐thermal sensitivity of cultivars in the northern Heilongjiang (NH) region showed a quadratic relationship with year of release. However, photo‐thermal sensitivity was negatively correlated with year of release in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Valley (HH) region. There were no significant trends of change found in the mid‐southern Heilongjiang (MSH) and Jilin and Liaoning (JL) regions. The changing trend of photo‐thermal sensitivity was relatively consistent across different environments, particularly in the NH and HH regions (photoperiod, temperature or planting year). The insensitivity to photo‐thermal condition provided an advantage for modern cultivars to achieve broad adaptation.
Modeling Users' Behavior for Testing the Performance of a Web Map Tile Service
Authors: Guan Xuefeng , Cheng Bo , Song Aihong , Wu Huayi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWeb Map Tile Services (WMTS) are widely used in many fields to quickly and efficiently visualize geospatial data for public use. To ensure that a WMTS can successfully fulfill users' expectations and requirements, the performance of a service must be measured to track latencies and bottlenecks that may downgrade the overall quality of service (QoS). Traditional synthetic workloads used to evaluate WMTS applications are usually generated by repeated static URLs, through randomized requests, or by an access log replay. These three methods do not take request characteristics and users' behaviors into consideration, while access logs are not available for systems still under development. Thus, the evaluation outcomes obtained by these methods cannot represent the real performance of online WMTS applications.In this article a new workload model named HELP (Hotspot/think‐timE/Length/Path) is proposed to measure the performance of a prototype WMTS. This model describes how users browse a WMTS map and statistically characterizes complete map navigation behaviors. Then, the HELP model is implemented in HP LoadRunner and used to generate a synthetic workload to evaluate the target WMTS. Experimental results illustrate that the performance representation of the HELP workload is more accurate than that of the other two models, and how a bottleneck in the target system was identified. Additional statistical analysis of request logs and “hotspots” visualizations further validate the proposed HELP workload.
Spatial Information Divergence: Using Global and Local Indices to Compare Geographical Masks Applied to Crime Data
Authors: Kounadi Ourania , Leitner Michael 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAdvances in Geographic Information Science (GISc) and the increasing availability of location data have facilitated the dissemination of crime data and the abundance of crime mapping websites. However, data holders acknowledge that when releasing sensitive crime data there is a risk of compromising the victims' privacy. Hence, protection methodologies are primarily applied to the data to ensure that individual privacy is not violated. This article addresses one group of location protection methodologies, namely geographical masks that are applicable for crime data representations. The purpose is to identify which mask is the most appropriate for crime incident visualizations. A global divergence index (GDi) and a local divergence index (LDi) are developed to compare the effects that these masks have on the original crime point pattern. The indices calculate how dissimilar the spatial information of the masked data is from the spatial information of the original data in regards to the information obtained via spatial crime analysis. The results of the analysis show that the variable radius mask and the donut geomask should be primarily used for crime representations as they produce less spatial information divergence of the original crime point pattern than the alternative local random rotation mask and circular mask.
Antibiotic failure in a renal transplant patient with Rhodococcus equi infection: an indication for surgical lobectomy
Authors: Ursales A. , Klein J.A. , Beal S.G. , Koch M. , Clement‐Kruzel S. , Melton L.B. , Spak C.W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRhodococcus equi is an animal pathogen that causes infrequent but challenging infections in immunocompromised individuals, few of which have been described in solid organ transplant recipients. Common clinical presentations include indolent cough, fever, and dyspnea, with necrotizing pneumonia and cavitation. We report a case of a dense right upper lung pneumonia with resultant R. equi bacteremia in a renal transplant recipient. Our patient initially responded to antibiotic treatment with resolution of bacteremia and clinical recovery, followed by interval progression in her right upper lobe consolidation on follow‐up computed tomography scans. She underwent lobectomy for definitive therapy with resolution of symptoms. Lobectomy can be utilized in isolated infection after antibiotic failure with excellent clinical outcomes.
Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of a novel equine ocular disorder: heterochromic iridocyclitis with secondary keratitis in adult horses
Authors: Pinto Nelson I. , McMullen Richard J. , Linder Keith E. , Cullen John M. , Gilger Brian C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical, histopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of an equine ocular inflammatory disease resulting in anterior uveitis and corneal endothelial inflammation associated with iris pigment dispersion and retrocorneal fibrous membrane (RFM) formation.DesignRetrospective study.Animals studiedSixteen horses with evidence of pigmented keratic precipitates (KPs), corneal edema, and/or iris depigmentation. Information collected from the medical records included signalment, clinical signs, prereferral treatment duration and response to therapy, ophthalmic examination findings, postreferral treatment, response to therapy, and outcome.ResultsTwenty‐one eyes from 16 horses were affected. Age ranged between 9 and 25 years (Average 16.1 years). Blepharospasm, epiphora, and/or corneal opacification were the first clinical signs noted. At the time of referral pigmented KPs, corneal edema, iridal depigmentation, and retrocorneal membranes were commonly seen. Treatment included topical and/or systemic anti‐inflammatories and antibiotics with variable response. Reduction or cessation of anti‐inflammatory therapy resulted in worsening of clinical signs and disease progression. Eight eyes ultimately required enucleation. Histopathology changes include iridal pigment loss and dispersion,RFMformation, and keratitis. Variable degrees of lymphoplasmacytic inflammation were dominated by T‐cells within the corneal stroma,RFM, iris, and ciliary body with occasional multinucleated giant cells.ConclusionsHeterochromic iridocyclitis with secondary keratitis (HIK) is characterized by uveal inflammation with pigment dispersion and suspected corneal endothelial dysfunction. Horses being treated forHIKrequire diligent and frequent follow‐up examinations in combination with aggressive local immune suppression to control the disease. However,HIKmay not respond to therapy and enucleation may ultimately be required to ensure the horse's comfort.
Metagenomes from Thawing Low-Soil-Organic-Carbon Mineral Cryosols and Permafrost of the Canadian High Arctic
Authors: Chauhan Archana , Layton Alice C. , Vishnivetskaya Tatiana A. , Williams Daniel , Pfiffner Susan M. , Rekepalli Bhanu , Stackhouse Brandon , Lau Maggie C. Y. , Phelps Tommy J. , Mykytczuk Nadia , Ronholm Jennifer , Whyte Lyle , Onstott Tullis C. , Sayler Gary S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Microbial release of greenhouse gases from thawing permafrost is a global concern. Seventy-six metagenomes were generated from low-soil-organic-carbon mineral cryosols from Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada, during a controlled thawing experiment. Permafrost thawing resulted in an increase in anaerobic fermenters and sulfate-reducing bacteria but not methanogens.
Exercise Training in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Pandey Ambarish , Parashar Akhil , Kumbhani Dharam J. , Agarwal Sunil , Garg Jalaj , Kitzman Dalane , Levine Benjamin D. , Drazner Mark , Berry Jarett D. 
Published: November 2014

Background—
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is common and characterized by exercise intolerance and lack of proven effective therapies. Exercise training has been shown to be effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with systolic heart failure. In this meta-analysis, we aim to evaluate the effects of exercise training on CRF, quality of life, and diastolic function in patients with HFPEF.

Methods and Results—
Randomized controlled clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of exercise training in patients with HFPEF were included in this meta-analysis. Primary outcome of the study was change in CRF (measured as change in peak oxygen uptake). Effect of exercise training on quality of life (estimated using Minnesota living with heart failure score), and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function was also assessed. The study included 276 patients who were enrolled in 6 randomized controlled trials. In the pooled data analysis, patients with HFPEF undergoing exercise training had significantly improved CRF (mL/kg per min; weighted mean difference, 2.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.79–3.65) and quality of life (weighted mean difference, −3.97; 95% confidence interval, −7.21 to −0.72) when compared with the control group. However, no significant change was observed in the systolic function (EF−weighted mean difference, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, −0.13% to 2.66%) or diastolic function (E/A−weighted mean difference, 0.08; 95% confidence interval, −0.01 to 0.16) with exercise training in patients with HFPEF.

Conclusions—
Exercise training in patients with HFPEF is associated with an improvement in CRF and quality of life without significant changes in left ventricular systolic or diastolic function.
Physiological changes and acetylcholinesterase activity in the cladoceran Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) exposed to mercury and sodium dodecyl sulfate
Authors: Wang Qian , Liu Na , Wang Jin-Xiang , Wu Yu-Long , Wang Lan 
Published: November 2014

Mercury is one of the most deleterious heavy metals in aquatic systems. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) is a common surfactant, which may reach relatively high concentrations in aquatic systems. In the present study, water fleas (Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820)) were exposed to different mercury and SDS concentrations for 24 and 48 h to examine the toxic effect of the two reagents on heart rate, body size and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The 24 h and 48 h LC50 values were 4.93 and 3.51 μg/l for mercury, and 12.74 and 4.55 mg/l for SDS, respectively. Increased heart rate was observed in water fleas treated with 1.5 and 2.0 μg/l mercury for 24 h and 48 h, suggesting that the animals were stressed. The size of water fleas decreased with increasing mercury concentration. An increase in SDS concentration and exposure time had a negative impact on the heart rate and size of the water fleas. A pronounced inhibition of AChE activity was observed in water fleas exposed to mercury and SDS concurrently. However, the AChE inhibition level was different between mercury and SDS, which may be inferred by different pollutants. Although mercury and SDS have different modes of action, the relation between decrease of physiological parameters and AChE inhibition were relatively close for these two compounds. We conclude that measurements of AChE activity can be used as a biomarker for different aquatic pollutants.
Revisiting the Dialectic of Pain and Truth: War and Peace and The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Authors: Rosenshield Gary 
Published: November 2014

In his excellent article on the function of pain in The Death of Ivan Ilyich, David Danaher argues that the increasing pain from which Ivan Ilyich suffers throughout the story both kills and resurrects him. Focusing primarily on linguistic devices, Danaher finds support for his thesis in Tolstoy’s use of figurative motifs such as journey and enclosure, oppositions such as light and dark, and thematic words and their derivatives, all of which he examines integrated into a narrative about pain. The focus of my study is different. First of all I deal more directly with physical pain. Some of the important changes that Danaher sees taking place in Ivan Ilyich are not the result of pain per se, but of illness in general. But just as important I also take a more genetic approach. I am interested in not only why Tolstoy chose physical pain as a vehicle to explore Ivan Ilyich’s journey, but why he chose a man like Ivan Ilyich to conduct his experiment. In War and Peace, in which Tolstoy shows no less interest in the relationship between physical pain and enlightenment, he chose a hero antithetical to Ivan Ilyich in almost every respect. For with regard to the portrayal of pain, The Death of Ivan Ilyich is more than a self-contained novel about pain, it is the continuation of an exploratory journey that started in War and Peace, in which the idiosyncratic and romantically imagined experiences of Andrei Bolkonsky in pain are replaced by the more universal and naturalistically portrayed experiences of Ivan Ilyich – and as we shall see – with dramatically different implications for interpretation.
Banksy’s Graffiti Art Reveals Insights about Perceptual Surface Completion
Authors: Rubin Nava 
Published: November 2014

Kanizsa’s square may be the best known example of perceptual surface completion: a whole shape is perceived where only fragments of its bounding contour are present. But surface completion also plays a major role in perceiving whole objects from binarized pictures (‘two-tone’ images) such as Mooney faces. The binarization often causes lighter facets of the objects to merge with the background (or darker facets, for dark backgrounds), yet perceptually those regions appear figural, distinctly segregated from the background. For Kanizsa surfaces, it has been long known that perceptual completion is greatly reduced when the inducers are placed on a patterned background (e.g., a checkerboard). Here we show that patterned backgrounds produce detrimental effects on perceptual completion also in the case of two-tone images. Although this effect has not been previously described in the perception literature, analysis of a large corpus of work by the graffiti artist Banksy suggests that the type and condition of the background wall significantly affected his artistic choices. To minimize on-site production time, Banksy renders his famous subjects (e.g., the rat) by applying single-color paint over pre-fabricated stencils. When the wall is smooth, Banksy leaves the regions previously covered by the stencil unpainted, relying on observers’ perception to segregate figural regions from the (identically colored) background. But when the wall is patterned with large-scale luminance edges — e.g., due to bricks — Banksy takes the extra time to fill in unpainted figural regions with another color. This reveals the artist’s insight into perceptual processing, although it remains unknown whether the knowledge of the crucial effect of background patterns on perceptual completion is explicit or implicit.
E-motions
Authors: Actis-Grosso Rossana , Zavagno Daniele 
Published: November 2014

An experiment is presented, aimed at preliminary testing the hypothesis according to which facial expressions related to specific emotions, such as anger, fear, and joy, incorporate a sense of dynamicity and are used to enhance the representation of motion in static artworks. Since a growing body of evidence shows that motion is one of the core components of emotion, and the representation of motion in art is often achieved by portraying unstable poses, we hypothesize that the visually more dynamic emotions are those with ‘unstable’ facial expressions, i.e., expressions that imply muscular tensions that cannot be held for long (e.g., rage, grief, amazement: E-motions) whereas static emotions are those which can last and even represent a constant facial feature in some people. To test this hypothesis we chose eleven static artworks from which we derived twelve human figures that convey different emotions in different proportions. Images were manipulated to produce two sets of stimuli: headless bodies (Set 1) and bodiless heads (Set 2). Participants were asked to rate perceived dynamicity of stimuli from Set 1 on a 7-point Likert scale (Session 1) and to rate each stimulus from Set 2 for joy, sadness, surprise, disgust, anger, fear, serenity, puzzlement and dynamicity (i.e., eight emotions and dynamicity). As expected, we found that some facial emotions (i.e., disgust, anger and fear) are positively related to the dynamicity attributed to the artworks: those emotions are the more sudden ones and thus the more ‘unstable’. We also found that serenity is negatively related to dynamicity. Contrary to our expectations, we found instead that joy is statistically different from dynamicity, a result that calls for further investigation.
The Hue of Angles — Was Kandinsky Right?
Authors: Albertazzi Liliana , Malfatti Michela , Canal Luisa , Micciolo Rocco 
Published: November 2014

This article presents an experimental study on the natural association between angles and colour. Specifically, for each angle width — formed by two segments joined at their vertex — studied, participants were asked to indicate the colour that they perceived as most closely related to it, choosing from the NCS Hue Circle. The results show that participants systematically established a natural and consistent association between certain angles and colours, when explicitly asked to choose the colour that they perceived as most naturally related to a given angle presented as two lines. The overall results suggest an association between acute angles and warm colours and obtuse angles and cool colours, confirming Kandinsky’s hypothesis. In particular, the strongest relations were found between the angle of 22.5° and yellows, the angles of 45°, 90° and 135° and green-yellows, and the angle of 157.5° and red-blues, when angles were presented on a white background.
Influence of the North Atlantic SST Variability on the Atmospheric Circulation during the Twentieth Century
Authors: Gastineau Guillaume , Frankignoul Claude 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The ocean–atmosphere coupling in the North Atlantic is investigated during the twentieth century using maximum covariance analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) and 500-hPa geopotential height analyses and performing regressions on dynamical diagnostics such as Eady growth rate, wave activity flux, and velocity potential. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) generates the so-called SST anomaly tripole. A rather similar SST anomaly tripole, with the subpolar anomaly displaced to the east and a more contracted subtropical anomaly, which is referred to as the North Atlantic horseshoe pattern, in turn influences the atmosphere. In the fall and early winter, the response is NAO like and primarily results from subpolar forcing centered over the Labrador Sea and off Newfoundland. In summer, the largest atmospheric response to SST resembles the east Atlantic pattern and results from a combination of subpolar and tropical forcing. To emphasize the interannual to multidecadal variability, the same analysis is repeated after low-pass filtering. The SST influence is dominated by the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), which also has a horseshoe shape, but with larger amplitude in the subpolar basin. A warm AMO phase leads to an atmospheric warming limited to the lower troposphere in summer, while it leads to a negative phase of the NAO in winter. The winter influence of the AMO is suggested to be primarily forced by the Atlantic SSTs in the northern subtropics. Such influence of the AMO is found in winter instead of early winter because the winter SST anomalies have a larger persistence, presumably because of SST reemergence.
On a finite family of variational inclusions with the constraints of generalized mixed equilibrium and fixed point problems
Authors: Ceng Lu-Chuan , Chen Chi-Ming , Pang Chin-Tzong 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce two iterative algorithms for finding common solutions of a finite family of variational inclusions for maximal monotone and inverse-strongly monotone mappings with the constraints of two problems: a generalized mixed equilibrium problem and a common fixed point problem of an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings and an asymptotically strict pseudocontractive mapping in the intermediate sense in a real Hilbert space. We prove some strong and weak convergence theorems for the proposed iterative algorithms under suitable conditions.

MSC:49J30, 47H09, 47J20, 49M05.
TRPV1 Antagonist Attenuates Postoperative Hypersensitivity by Central and Peripheral Mechanisms
Authors: Uchytilova Eva , Spicarova Diana , Palecek Jiri 
Published: November 2014

Background: Acute postoperative pain is one of the frequent reasons for pain treatment. However, the exact mechanisms of its development are still not completely clear. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors are involved in nociceptive signaling in various hypersensitive states. Here we have investigated the contribution of TRPV1 receptors expressed on cutaneous peripheral nociceptive fibers and in the spinal cord on the development and maintenance of hypersensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimuli following surgical incision. A rat plantar incision model was used to test paw withdrawal responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli. The effect of the TRPV1 receptor antagonist SB366791 was investigated 1) by intrathecal injection 15 min before incision and 2) intradermal injection before (30 min) and immediately after the surgery. Vehicle-injected rats and naïve animals treated identically were used as controls. Results: Plantar incision induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia. A single intrathecal administration of SB366791 significantly reduced postincisional thermal hyperalgesia and also attenuated mechanical allodynia, while mechanical hyperalgesia remained unaffected. Local intradermal SB366791 treatment reduced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia without affecting mechanical hyperalgesia. Conclusions: Our experiments suggest that both peripheral and spinal cord TRPV1 receptors are involved in increased cutaneous sensitivity following surgical incision. The analgesic effect of the TRPV1 receptor antagonist was especially evident in the reduction of thermal hyperalgesia. The activation of TRPV1 receptors represents an important mechanism in the development of postoperative hypersensitivity.