bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning-based prediction of hazards fine PM2.5 concentrations: a case study of Delhi, India
Authors: Kumar Ram Pravesh , Prakash Aditya , Singh Ranjit , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe air quality of many geographical locations has been deteriorating in the last decades. This deterioration in air quality has affected a very large number of people, and they have been diagnosed with asthma and other respiratory problems. Among various pollutants, PM2.5 is the major cause of numerous health-related problems. Predicting PM2.5 concentration levels using ML models of these dissolved particles might help residents and the government prepare a better prevention and safety plan that can eventually lower the risk factor. The present study is based on predicting the PM2.5 concentration of Delhi by applying various ML models based on meteorological features like wind speed, temperature, humidity, visibility, etc. For prediction of PM2.5, linear regression, decision tree regression, RF regression, KNN regression, and Lasso regression methods were employed in the present study. The model performance was assessed using various parameters, including MAE, MSE, RMSE, and R2 Score. In a comparative study of all regression models, linear regression demonstrated the most favorable outcomes. The model exhibited a superior fit to the data, evidenced by its lowest RMSE value (52.19), outperforming the random forest regression (RMSE = 94.75), K Nearest Neighbor regression (RMSE = 83.93), each of which yielded higher RMSE scores compared to linear regression. Lasso regression (RMSE = 65.20) and decision tree (RMSE = 68.22) also exhibited improved performance following linear regression. The findings of this study advocate for implementing strategies to enforce stringent emission regulations for both industrial operations and vehicular activities. Such measures are imperative for mitigating air pollution levels and subsequently curtailing its adverse impacts on public health within the region. Additionally, this study underscores the necessity for further research endeavours to explore future avenues, with the aim of garnering global attention towards addressing this pressing issue.
Language bursts and text quality in digital writing by young EFL learners
Authors: Garcés-Manzanera Aitor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between pausing and revision behaviors, as captured by pause bursts (P-bursts) and revision bursts (R-bursts), and text quality in digital L2 writing contexts among young English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. The study involved 22 elementary school students aged 10–11 years, with English proficiency levels ranging from A1 to A2 (CEFRL). Participants completed a picture description writing task, and their writing processes were recorded using keystroke logging software. The results revealed that frequent pauses (P-bursts) were negatively correlated with text quality, suggesting cognitive overload or difficulties in language processing. In contrast, revision bursts (R-bursts) exhibited a positive correlation with text quality, indicating that the revision process played a crucial role in refining and improving the written output. Regression analysis further demonstrated that R-bursts significantly predicted text quality, underscoring the importance of revision behavior among young L2 writers. These findings contribute to our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying L2 writing in digital contexts and highlight the central role of revisions in enhancing text quality among young EFL learners. Educational implications emphasize the need for instructional practices that encourage and support the revision process in writing instruction for this population.
Strong Localized Pumping of Water Vapor to High Altitudes on Mars During the Perihelion Season
Authors: Brines A. , López‐Valverde M. A. , Funke B. , González‐Galindo F. , Aoki S. , Villanueva G. L. , Holmes J. A. , Belyaev D. A. , Liuzzi G. , Thomas I. R. , Erwin J. T. , Grabowski U. , Forget F. , Lopez‐Moreno J. J. , Rodriguez‐Gomez J. , Daerden F. , Trompet L. , Ristic B. , Patel M. R. , Bellucci G. , Vandaele A. C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHere we present water vapor vertical profiles observed with the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter/Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument during the perihelion and Southern summer solstice season (LS = 240°–300°) in three consecutive Martian Years 34, 35, and 36. We show the detailed latitudinal distribution of H2O at tangent altitudes from 10 to 120 km, revealing a vertical plume at 60°S–50°S injecting H2O upward, reaching abundance of about 50 ppmv at 100 km. We have observed this event repeatedly in the three Martian years analyzed, appearing at LS = 260°–280° and showing inter‐annual variations in the magnitude and timing due to long term effects of the Martian Year 34 Global Dust Storm. We provide a rough estimate of projected hydrogen escape of 3.2 × 109 cm−2 s−1 associated to these plumes, adding further evidence of the key role played by the perihelion season in the long term evolution of the planet's climate.
Infrared Radiation in the Thermosphere From 2002 to 2023
Authors: Mlynczak Martin G. , Hunt Linda , Nowak Nabil , Marshall B. Thomas , Mertens Christopher J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwenty‐two years (2002–2023) of infrared radiative cooling rate data derived from the SABER instrument on the NASA TIMED satellite are presented. Global daily and global annual infrared power (Watts, W) emitted by nitric oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) illustrate the variability of the geospace environment on timescales from days to decades. The 11‐year solar cycle (SC) is evident in the global power data and in vertical profiles of infrared cooling rates (nW/m3). The global annual power radiated by NO and CO2 are larger in 2023 than at any time since 2003 and 2002, respectively. The to‐date peak in NO infrared power in SC 25 is larger than in SC 24, is comparable to SC 20, but is less than in SCs 18–19 and 21–23. Two geomagnetic storms in 2023 radiated more than 1 TW and are in the top 10 strongest storms observed by SABER.
Resilience of Snowball Earth to Stochastic Events
Authors: Chaverot Guillaume , Zorzi Andrea , Ding Xuesong , Itcovitz Jonathan , Fan Bowen , Bhatnagar Siddharth , Ji Aoshuang , Graham Robert J. , Mittal Tushar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEarth went through at least two periods of global glaciation (i.e., “Snowball Earth” states) during the Neoproterozoic, the shortest of which (the Marinoan) may not have lasted sufficiently long for its termination to be explained by the gradual volcanic build‐up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Large asteroid impacts and supervolcanic eruptions have been suggested as stochastic geological events that could cause a sudden end to global glaciation via a runaway melting process. Here, we employ an energy balance climate model to simulate the evolution of Snowball Earth's surface temperature after such events. We find that even a large impactor (diameters of d ∼ 100 km) and the supervolcanic Toba eruption (74 Kyr ago), are insufficient to terminate a Snowball state unless background CO2 has already been driven to high levels by long‐term outgassing. We suggest, according to our modeling framework, that Earth's Snowball states would have been resilient to termination by stochastic events.
Oceanic Fronts Driven by the Amazon Freshwater Plume and Their Thermohaline Compensation at the Submesoscale
Authors: Coadou‐Chaventon S. , Speich S. , Zhang D. , Rocha C. B. , Swart S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUpper ocean fronts are dynamically active features of the global ocean playing a key role in the air‐sea exchanges of properties and their transport in the ocean interior. With scales ranging from the submesoscale (0.1–10 km) to the mesoscale (10–100s km) and a temporal variability from hours to months, collecting in situ observations of these structures is challenging and this has limited our understanding of their associated processes and impacts. During the EUREC4A‐OA/ATOMIC field experiment, which took place in the northwest tropical Atlantic in January–February 2020, a large number of uncrewed platforms, including five Saildrones, were deployed to provide a detailed picture of the upper‐ocean fine‐scale variability. This region is strongly influenced by the outflow of the Amazon River, even in winter, which is the minimum outflow season. Here, the generation of fine‐scale horizontal thermohaline gradients is driven by the stirring of this freshwater river input by large anticyclonic eddies, the so‐called North Brazil Current Rings. Vertical shear estimates using the Saildrones ADCP show that partial temperature compensation occurs along restratifying submesoscale salinity‐dominated fronts. The distribution of surface along‐track gradients, as sampled by different horizontal length‐scales, reveals the prevalence of submesoscale fronts. This is supported by a flattening of the spectral slopes of surface density at the submesoscale. This study emphasizes the need to resolve the upper ocean at high spatial resolution to understand its impact on the broader circulation and to properly represent air‐sea interactions.
Deletion in RMST lncRNA impairs hypothalamic neuronal development in a human stem cell-based model of Kallmann Syndrome
Authors: Ali Gowher , Shin Kyung Chul , Ahmed Nisar , Habbab Wesal , Alkhadairi Ghaneya , Razzaq Aleem , Bejaoui Yosra , El Hajj Nady , Mifsud Borbala , Park Yongsoo , Stanton Lawrence W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma 2-associated transcript (RMST) long non-coding RNA has previously been shown to cause Kallmann syndrome (KS), a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) and olfactory dysfunction. In the present study, we generated large deletions of approximately 41.55 kb in the RMST gene in human pluripotent stem cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. To evaluate the impact of RMST deletion, these cells were differentiated into hypothalamic neurons that include 10–15% neurons that express gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). We found that deletion in RMST did not impair the neurogenesis of GnRH neurons, however, the hypothalamic neurons were electro-physiologically hyperactive and had increased calcium influx activity compared to control. Transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses showed that RMST deletion caused altered expression of key genes involved in neuronal development, ion channels, synaptic signaling and cell adhesion. The in vitro generation of these RMST-deleted GnRH neurons provides an excellent cell-based model to dissect the molecular mechanism of RMST function in Kallmann syndrome and its role in hypothalamic neuronal development.
Emerging organic electrode materials for sustainable batteries
Authors: Hari Prasad P. M. , Malavika G. , Pillai Anuraj , Sadan Sachu , Pillai Zeena S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Organic electrode materials (OEMs) possess low discharge potentials and charge‒discharge rates, making them suitable for use as affordable and eco-friendly rechargeable energy storage systems without needing metals such as lithium or sodium. OEMs can provide a sustainable energy economy by their development into stable and efficient next-generation high-power batteries. Despite the presence of several classes of OEMs, such as conducting polymers, 2D and 3D metal-organic frameworks, organolithium derivatives, 2D covalent organic frameworks, aromatic heterocyclic imides, and viologen derivatives, since their introduction in the 1960s, carbonyl-based molecules have maintained low discharge potentials and stable charging/discharging properties. Nevertheless, several redox-active organic molecules, including carbonyl derivatives, show poor electrochemical stability and ionic mobility in standard battery electrolytes, hampering their commercial use. Therefore, with the increased demand for renewable energy, the synthesis and testing of carbonyl-based OEMs continue to be performed in energy research. This review summarizes recent advances in developing carbonyl-based OEMs and their performance in rechargeable batteries.
Gene expression signature for predicting homologous recombination deficiency in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Pan Jia-Wern , Tan Zi-Ching , Ng Pei-Sze , Zabidi Muhammad Mamduh Ahmad , Nur Fatin Putri , Teo Jie-Ying , Hasan Siti Norhidayu , Islam Tania , Teoh Li-Ying , Jamaris Suniza , See Mee-Hoong , Yip Cheng-Har , Rajadurai Pathmanathan , Looi Lai-Meng , Taib Nur Aishah Mohd , Rueda Oscar M. , Caldas Carlos , Chin Suet-Feung , Lim Joanna , Teo Soo-Hwang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are a subset of breast cancers that have remained difficult to treat. A proportion of TNBCs arising in non-carriers of BRCA pathogenic variants have genomic features that are similar to BRCA carriers and may also benefit from PARP inhibitor treatment. Using genomic data from 129 TNBC samples from the Malaysian Breast Cancer (MyBrCa) cohort, we developed a gene expression-based machine learning classifier for homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in TNBCs. The classifier identified samples with HRD mutational signature at an AUROC of 0.93 in MyBrCa validation datasets and 0.84 in TCGA TNBCs. Additionally, the classifier strongly segregated HRD-associated genomic features in TNBCs from TCGA, METABRIC, and ICGC. Thus, our gene expression classifier may identify triple-negative breast cancer patients with homologous recombination deficiency, suggesting an alternative method to identify individuals who may benefit from treatment with PARP inhibitors or platinum chemotherapy.
A group 3 medulloblastoma stem cell program is maintained by OTX2-mediated alternative splicing
Authors: Saulnier Olivier , Zagozewski Jamie , Liang Lisa , Hendrikse Liam D. , Layug Paul , Gordon Victor , Aldinger Kimberly A. , Haldipur Parthiv , Borlase Stephanie , Coudière-Morrison Ludivine , Cai Ting , Martell Emma , Gonzales Naomi M. , Palidwor Gareth , Porter Christopher J. , Richard Stéphane , Sharif Tanveer , Millen Kathleen J. , Doble Brad W. , Taylor Michael D. , Werbowetski-Ogilvie Tamra E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOTX2 is a transcription factor and known driver in medulloblastoma (MB), where it is amplified in a subset of tumours and overexpressed in most cases of group 3 and group 4 MB. Here we demonstrate a noncanonical role for OTX2 in group 3 MB alternative splicing. OTX2 associates with the large assembly of splicing regulators complex through protein–protein interactions and regulates a stem cell splicing program. OTX2 can directly or indirectly bind RNA and this may be partially independent of its DNA regulatory functions. OTX2 controls a pro-tumorigenic splicing program that is mirrored in human cerebellar rhombic lip origins. Among the OTX2-regulated differentially spliced genes, PPHLN1 is expressed in the most primitive rhombic lip stem cells, and targeting PPHLN1 splicing reduces tumour growth and enhances survival in vivo. These findings identify OTX2-mediated alternative splicing as a major determinant of cell fate decisions that drive group 3 MB progression.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Plagiognathops microlepis based on PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing
Authors: Wu Yidi , Sha Hang , Luo Xiangzhong , Zou Guiwei , Liang Hongwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlagiognathops microlepis is an economic freshwater fish in the subfamily Xenocyprinae of Cyprinidae. It is widely distributed in the freshwater ecosystem of China, with moderate economic value and broad development prospects. However, the lack of genomic resources has limited our understanding on the genetic basis, phylogenetic status and adaptive evolution strategies of this fish. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level reference genome of P. microlepis by integrating Pacbio HiFi long-reads, Illumina short-reads and Hi-C sequencing data. The size of this genome is 1004.34 Mb with a contig N50 of 38.80 Mb. Using Hi-C sequencing data, 99.59% of the assembled sequences were further anchored to 24 chromosomes. A total of 578.91 Mb repeat sequences and 28,337 protein-coding genes were predicted in the current genome, of which, 26,929 genes were functionally annotated. This genome provides valuable information for investigating the phylogeny and evolutionary history of cyprinid fishes, as well as the genetic basis of adaptive strategies and special traits in P. microlepis.
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of new alternative ruthenium complex for dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Fetouh H. A. , Dissouky A. E. , Salem H. A. , Fathy M. , Anis B. , Hady Kashyout A. E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor first time, new innovative ruthenium N3-Dye anchored with selenium (Se) and N3 dye anchored with sulphur atoms were synthesized in a good yield. Dyes are applied and evaluated in performance of dye sensitized solar cell. N3–Se dye showed superior photochemical& electrochemical behavior and high rate electron transfer across anode surface than N3–S dye. The better optical and electrochemical activities would make Se-dye a candidate for applications in solar cells. Half life time of N3–S showed a single exponential decay with an average lifetime of 0.8 ns. For N3–Se dye, decay curve was fitted by sum two exponential functions with 75% and 25% counts have 2.5 ns and 30 ns respectively. Solar cells were fabricated and analyzed to determine their solar-to-electric conversion efficiency under standard AM 1.5 sunlight. Commercial N3 dyes showed current density (Jsc) of 17.813 mA cm−2, open circuit potential (Voc) of 0.678 V, filling factor (FF) of 0.607 and conversion efficiencies (η) of 7.3%. Corresponding values for N3–S dye, Jsc 11.2 mA cm−2, Voc 0.650 V, FF 0.681 and η 5%. Se–N3 dye, showed Jsc = 6.670 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.6004 V, FF = 0.77 and η = 3.09%. Long lifetime of N3–Se caused low practical performance.
Study on the instability mechanism and control technology of narrow coal pillar in double-roadway layout of Changping mine
Authors: Cai Tian , Li Gang , Yang Qinghe , Zou Junpeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo address the issue of roadway support failure in narrow coal pillars under dual-lane layout, this study takes the 4309 working face of Changping Coal Mine as the engineering background and employs theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and on-site monitoring to investigate the instability mechanisms of narrow coal pillars under dual-lane conditions and to optimize technical solutions. The results indicate that the internal stress distribution within the coal pillar is influenced by the advanced support stress, and as the working face advances, the gradually increasing advanced support pressure causes the vertical stress peak within the coal pillar to shift away from the goaf area. Computational analysis reveals that the vertical stress in the top region of a 6 m narrow coal pillar is 38% higher than that in the bottom region, with an average stress of 16 MPa in the coal pillar. The asymmetric high-level stress concentration within the coal pillar significantly affects its stability. A UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code) model was established to compare four simulation schemes with cut-off angles of 0°, 5°, 10°, and 15°. Based on the analysis of damage parameters and fracture distribution in the narrow coal pillar roadway, it was concluded that the stability is best when the cut-off angle is 10°. The dense drilling cut-off unloading technology was applied to the 4309 working face of the Changping Mine based on the aforementioned research. On-site monitoring results show that the relative deformation of the roof and bottom plates and the two sides of the test section were controlled within 267 mm and 198 mm, respectively, effectively resolving the deformation and instability issues of the narrow coal pillars.
Assessment of salivary microbiota profile as a potential diagnostic tool for pediatric celiac disease
Authors: Noruzpour Asal , Gholam-Mostafaei Fahimeh Sadat , Looha Mehdi Azizmohammad , Dabiri Hossein , Ahmadipour Shokoufeh , Rouhani Pejman , Ciacci Carolina , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe association between oral dysbiosis and celiac disease (CD) remains poorly understood, as does the impact of CD-associated dysbiosis on disease development or exacerbation. This study aims to investigate alterations in salivary microbial composition among children with CD. In this cross-sectional study, saliva samples from 12 children with active CD (A-CD group), 14 children with CD on a gluten-free diet (GFD), and 10 healthy control (HC) children were analyzed using DNA sequencing targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA. Both patients in A-CD and GFD groups showed a significant increase (p = 0.0001) in the Bacteroidetes phylum, while the Actinobacteria phylum showed a significant decrease (p = 0.0001). Notably, the Rothia genus and R.aeria also demonstrated a significant decrease (p = 0.0001) within the both CD groups as compare to HC. Additionally, the control group displayed a significant increase (p = 0.006) in R.mucilaginosa species compared to both CD patient groups. Distinct bacterial strains were abundant in the saliva of patients with active CD, indicating a unique composition of the salivary microbiome in individuals with CD. These findings suggest that our approach to assessing salivary microbiota changes may contribute to developing noninvasive methods for diagnosing and treating CD.
Caregivers' Perceptions of COVID-19 Educational Disruptions on Children With Developmental Language Disorder and Typically Developing Peers
Authors: Radville Katharine M. , Pfeiffer Danika L. , Sheranian KaRynn , Wolter Julie , Ricketts Jessie , Hogan Tiffany P. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Understanding the experiences of families of children with developmental language disorder (DLD) during COVID-19 educational disruptions is essential for designing responsive supports during pandemic recovery efforts and beyond. This qualitative study describes the experiences of families of first- and second-grade children with DLD during the pandemic as compared to the experiences of families of typically developing (TD) peers.

Method:

A conventional content analysis approach was used to analyze caregivers' written responses to open-ended questions regarding their perceptions of COVID-19 educational disruptions. Responses were analyzed separately by group: caregivers of children with DLD (
n
= 23) and caregivers of TD children (
n
= 22).

Results:
Four categories of caregiver responses were generated for each group: impacts on children, remote learning challenges, impacts on caregivers, and protective factors. For both groups, concerns about the child's well-being and literacy learning were most prevalent and prevailed over concerns about oral language. Most caregivers in each group described negative impacts of educational disruptions on their cdhildren. As compared to caregivers of TD children, caregivers of children with DLD reported higher rates of remote learning challenges and more negative impacts on literacy learning, speech and/or language, and education in general. DLD caregivers also shared fewer positive comments and remarks related to protective factors.

Conclusions:
Results indicate that families of children with DLD may have experienced more challenges during COVID-19 educational disruptions as compared to families of TD peers. Thus, responsive research and supports for these families is essential.