bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteome turnover in bacteria: current status for Corynebacterium glutamicum and related bacteria
Authors: Trötschel Christian , Albaum Stefan P. , Poetsch Ansgar 
Published: February 2013

SummaryWith the advent of high‐resolution mass spectrometry together with sophisticated data analysis and interpretation algorithms, determination of protein synthesis and degradation rates (i.e. protein turnover) on a proteome‐wide scale by employing stable isotope‐labelled amino acids has become feasible. These dynamic data provide a deeper understanding of protein homeostasis and stress response mechanisms in microorganisms than well‐established ‘steady state’ proteomics approaches. In this article, we summarize the technological challenges and solutions both on the biochemistry/mass spectrometry and bioinformatics level for turnover proteomics with a focus on chromatographic techniques. Although the number of available case studies for Corynebacterium glutamicum and related actinobacteria is still very limited, our review illustrates the potential of protein turnover studies for an improved understanding of questions in the area of biotechnology and biomedicine. Here, new insights from investigations of growth phase transition and different stress dynamics including iron, acid and heat stress for pathogenic but also for industrial actinobacteria are presented. Finally, we will comment on the advantages of integrated software solutions for biologists and briefly discuss the remaining technical challenges and upcoming possibilities for protein turnover analysis.
The association between Parkinson's disease and anti‐epilepsy drug carbamazepine: a case–control study using the UK General Practice Research Database
Authors: Skow Áine , Douglas Ian , Smeeth Liam 
Published: February 2013

AimsTo investigate whether the use of carbamazepine is associated with reduced risk of Parkinson's disease.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based, matched case–control study of patients randomly selected from the UK General Research Practice Database. We identified 8549 patients with Parkinson's disease using diagnosis criteria with a positive predictive value of 90%. These patients were compared with 42 160 control subjects matched for age, sex and general practice.ResultsOverall, 3.0% of cases (257 of 8549) had at least one recorded prescription for carbamazepine compared with 2.5% (1050 of 42 160) of controls. The crude odds ratio for the association between Parkinson's disease and carbamazepine was 1.22 (95% confidence interval 1.06–1.40), but this reduced to 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.81–1.08, P = 0.34) after adjusting for annual consultation rate. Further adjustment for body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption or use of calcium channel blockers did not affect results. There was no evidence that risk decreased with higher doses or longer duration of carbamazepine use.ConclusionsThere was little to no evidence that use of carbamazepine is associated with reduced risk of Parkinson's disease. Although the study was underpowered, it does indicate that any effect of carbamazepine is likely to be small.
Massive transfusion in children and neonates
Authors: Diab Yaser A. , Wong Edward C. C. , Luban Naomi L. C. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryResuscitation of children and neonates with severe or refractory bleeding due to surgery or trauma often requires massive transfusion (MT). Findings from recent studies have led to a better understanding of the complex pathophysiology in massive haemorrhage and the effects of MT on haemostasis. Current management of the massively bleeding adult patient has evolved over the past few decades, shifting to early transfusion of products in a balanced ratio as part of MT protocols (MTPs). Paediatric data on successful management of MT are limited and the optimal transfusion approach is currently unknown, leading to practice variability among institutions, depending on resource availability and patients' needs. Here, we review new important concepts in the biology of massive bleeding and MT, outline important management principles and current practices, and highlight available relevant adult and paediatric data.
Impact of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with abnl(17p) acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Mohr Brigitte , Schetelig Johannes , Schäfer‐Eckart Kerstin , Schmitz Norbert , Hänel Mathias , Rösler Wolf , Frickhofen Norbert , Link Hartmut , Neubauer Andreas , Schuler Ulrich , Platzbecker Uwe , Middeke Jan M. , Ehninger Gerhard , Bornhäuser Martin , Schaich Markus , Stölzel Friedrich ,   on behalf of the Study Alliance Leukaemia (SAL)
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as compared to chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients with abnormalities of chromosome 17p [abnl(17p)] has not yet been defined. Therefore, we analysed 3530 AML patients treated in three randomized, prospective, controlled clinical trials and compared post‐remission therapies using a multivariate Cox regression analysis to determine whether allogeneic HSCT is superior than chemotherapy in overcoming the detrimental impact of patients with abnl(17p) AML. One hundred and forty‐three patients (4%) were identified with abnl(17p) AML. All patients had received intensive induction chemotherapy. Forty‐seven patients with a median age of 54 years (18–69 years) proceeded to allogeneic HSCT in first or second remission. The 3‐year overall survival (OS) rate for the entire cohort of patients was 4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1–7%]. OS and event‐free survival at 3 years, calculated from the day of HSCT, was 11% (95% CI, 2–20%) and 6% (95% CI, 0–13%), respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed no benefit of allogeneic HSCT compared to chemotherapy (Hazard Ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·56–1·67, P = 0·9). In conclusion, allogeneic HSCT does not improve survival in patients with abnl(17p) AML as compared to other adverse cytogenetic risk abnormalities.
Large Segmental Mandibulectomy for Treatment of an Undifferentiated Sarcoma in a Horse
Authors: Carmalt James L. , Linn Kathleen A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a large segmental (sub‐total) mandibulectomy for removal of an undifferentiated sarcoma in a horse.Study DesignClinical report.AnimalsA 10‐year‐old mare.MethodsA combination of methods including computed tomography (CT) were used to diagnose a large undifferentiated sarcoma of the right mandible. A large segmental mandibulectomy extending from 3 cm below the right temporomandibular joint to immediately caudal to tooth 407 was used to perform an en‐bloc resection of the mass under general anesthesia.ResultsSurgery time was 11 hours and 35 minutes and total anesthesia time, 12 hours and 40 minutes. The mare was eating well 3 days after surgery. Some postoperative skin sloughing occurred, but the cosmetic and functional outcome was good. The mare continued to do well, with no evidence of disease recurrence, 24 months after surgery.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional reconstruction of the CT images was instrumental in surgical planning. A very large portion of the mandible can be removed in a horse with acceptable cosmetic and functional outcome.
Predictive value of Refit Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease, Refit Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease‐Na, and pre‐existing scoring system for 3‐month mortality in Korean patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Koo Ja Kyung , Kim Jeong Han , Choi Yun Jung , Lee Cho I , Yang Jae Hoon , Yoon Hyeon Young , Choi Hye Jin , Ko Soon Young , Choe Won Hyeok , Kwon So Young , Lee Chang Hong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and AimThe Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) has been widely used for predicting short‐term mortality in patients with cirrhosis in the U.S. A modification of the MELD score was published in 2011. This was validated for Korean patients with cirrhosis.MethodsThe medical records of patients with cirrhosis who were admitted to Konkuk University Hospital from 2006 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The predictive value for 3‐month mortality was compared between the Refit MELD, Refit MELD‐Na, MELD, MELD‐Na, and Child–Pugh score. The comparison was performed by calculating the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC).ResultsA total of 882 patients were enrolled and 77 (8.7%) died within 3 months. The most common etiology was alcohol (45.4%) followed by hepatitis B (34.2%). The AUROCs of the Refit MELD, Refit MELD‐Na, MELD, MELD‐Na, and Child–Pugh score were 0.842, 0.817, 0.844, 0.848, and 0.831, respectively. The Refit MELD‐Na showed a lower value than MELD‐Na (P = 0.0005), MELD (P = 0.0190), and the Refit MELD (P = 0.0174). When the patients with hepatitis B, C, and alcoholic cirrhosis were analyzed, the AUROCs were 0.960, 0.920, 0.953, 0.951, 0.896, 0.959, 0.956, 0.947, 0.956, 0.943, and 0.746, 0.707, 0.752, 0.747, 0.755.ConclusionsThe improvement in predictive value for 3‐month mortality was not definite. The Refit MELD‐Na especially showed the lowest value. This result may have been due to differences in underlying etiology of cirrhosis between Korea and the U.S. Thus, a larger prospective study is warranted.
Analysis and Thurstonian Scaling of Applicability Scores
Authors: Ennis Daniel M. , Ennis John M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCheck‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) lists are commonly used in both survey research and sensory science. A related technique, referred to in this paper as applicability scoring, requires respondents to respond positively or negatively to the item of interest – applicability scoring differs from CATA as CATA only requires a check when the item applies to the object being scored. Both hypothesis testing and scale estimation for applicability scoring of sequentially tested products are considered in this paper. For the former, we demonstrate the use of McNemar's test and for the latter, we present a Thurstonian model. Using applicability scores for scale estimation is important because a connection can then be made to other methods through a common framework, allowing cross‐comparison and validation. In addition, applicability scoring provides a sensitive method for assessing product differences and may be particularly useful when an attribute cannot be conveniently expressed in a rating or 2‐alternative forced choice (2‐AFC) format.Practical ApplicationsThe first use of applicability scoring in survey research was by Sudman and Bradbury and its first use in sensory science was by Loh and Ennis. In survey research, the method is more appropriate than CATA lists in telephone surveys and may lead to deeper processing of the items. In sensory science, the method offers a convenient way of collecting and analyzing data on product differences for attributes that may not be easily expressed as ratings or in a 2‐AFC format. Since the method is used sequentially, it can be used for more than two products. When the attribute is liking (the item scored is I like this product), the method allows the separation of like both from like neither which is not provided using a preference question with a no‐preference option. This capability therefore provides more information about the acceptability of both products than can be obtained from a preference test.
Genomic patterns of introgression in rainbow and westslope cutthroat trout illuminated by overlapping paired‐end RAD sequencing
Authors: Hohenlohe Paul A. , Day Mitch D. , Amish Stephen J. , Miller Michael R. , Kamps‐Hughes Nick , Boyer Matthew C. , Muhlfeld Clint C. , Allendorf Fred W. , Johnson Eric A. , Luikart Gordon 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRapid and inexpensive methods for genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery and genotyping are urgently needed for population management and conservation. In hybridized populations, genomic techniques that can identify and genotype thousands of species‐diagnostic markers would allow precise estimates of population‐ and individual‐level admixture as well as identification of ‘super invasive’ alleles, which show elevated rates of introgression above the genomewide background (likely due to natural selection). Techniques like restriction‐site‐associatedDNA(RAD) sequencing can discover and genotype large numbers ofSNPs, but they have been limited by the length of continuous sequence data they produce with Illumina short‐read sequencing. We present a novel approach, overlapping paired‐endRADsequencing, to generateRADcontigs of >300–400 bp. These contigs provide sufficient flanking sequence for design of high‐throughputSNPgenotyping arrays and strict filtering to identify duplicate paralogous loci. We applied this approach in five populations of native westslope cutthroat trout that previously showed varying (low) levels of admixture from introduced rainbow trout (RBT). We produced 77 141RADcontigs and used these data to filter and genotype 3180 previously identified species‐diagnosticSNPloci. Our population‐level and individual‐level estimates of admixture were generally consistent with previous microsatellite‐based estimates from the same individuals. However, we observed slightly lower admixture estimates from genomewide markers, which might result from natural selection against certain genome regions, different genomic locations for microsatellitesvs.RAD‐derivedSNPs and/or sampling error from the small number of microsatellite loci (n = 7). We also identified candidate adaptive super invasive alleles fromRBTthat had excessively high admixture proportions in hybridized cutthroat trout populations.
SalmonellaOranienburg Isolated from Horses, Wild Turkeys and An Edible Home Garden Fertilized with Raw Horse Manure
Authors: Jay‐Russell M. T. , Madigan J. E. , Bengson Y. , Madigan S. , Hake A. F. , Foley J. E. , Byrne B. A. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryIn July 2010, a horse from a rural farm (Farm A) in coastal Northern California was diagnosed withSalmonellaOranienburg infection following referral to a veterinary hospital for colic surgery. Environmental sampling to identify potential sources and persistence ofSalmonellaon the farm was conducted from August 2010 to March 2011.Salmonellawas cultured using standard enrichment and selective plating. Pure colonies were confirmed by biochemical analysis, serotyped and compared by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. A total of 204 clinical and environmental samples at Farm A were analysed, andSalmonellaspp. was isolated from six of eight (75%) horses, an asymptomatic pet dog, two of seven (28.6%) water samples from horse troughs, nine of 20 (45%) manure storage pile composites, 16 of 71 (22.5%) wild turkey faeces and four of 39 (10.3%) soil samples from the family's edible home garden. Well water and garden vegetable samples and horse faecal samples from a neighbouring ranch were negative.S. Oranienburg with aPFGEpattern indistinguishable from the horse clinical strain was found in all positive sample types on Farm A. The investigation illustrates the potential for widespread dissemination ofSalmonellain a farm environment following equine infections. We speculate that a recent surge in the wild turkey population on the property could have introducedS. Oranienburg into the herd, although we cannot rule out the possibility wild turkeys were exposed on the farm or to other potential sources ofSalmonella. Findings from the investigation indicated that raw horse manure applied as fertilizer was the most likely source of garden soil contamination. ViableS. Oranienburg persisted in garden soil for an estimated 210 days, which exceeds the 120‐day standard between application and harvest currently required by the National Organic Program. The study underscores the need to educate the public about potential food safety hazards associated with using raw animal manure to fertilize edible home gardens.
Sinicizing Western Science
Authors: Chan Man Sing 
Published: February 2013

This article examines the practice of dual translation (heyi) in
the late Qing, focusing in particular on Quanti xinlun, a
physiological treatise compiled by Benjamin Hobson (1816-1873) and his Chinese
assistants. It argues that, owing to the considerable latitude allowed to
Hobson’s Chinese partners, the intellectual syncretism of the translation
was a direct consequence of the Chinese agency at play in intercultural
exchange. The collaborative process in the making of Quanti xinlun
is also explored, and two passages in which the
“Sinicization” of western physiology is most obvious are analyzed.
Cet article s’intéresse à la pratique de la
double traduction (heyi). Il examine plus
­particulièrement sur le Quanti xinlun, un
traité de physiologie compilé par Benjamen Hobson (1816-1873) et
ses assistants chinois. L’argument est qu’en raison du
degré considérable d’autonomie laissé à ces
derniers, le syncrétisme intellectuel qui caractérise la
traduction découle directement de l’intervention chinoise dans le
processus d’échange interculturel. L’article examine
également la façon dont fonctionnait le travail de collaboration
dont est issu le Quanti xinlun et propose une analyse de deux
passages dans lesquels la “sinisation” de la physiologie
occidentale est particulièrement en évidence.
Error correcting codes for robust color wavelet watermarking
Authors: Abdul Wadood , Carré Philippe , Gaborit Philippe 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article details the conception, design, development and analysis of invisible, blind and robust color image watermarking algorithms based on the wavelet transform. Using error correcting codes, the watermarking algorithms are designed to be robust against intentional or unintentional attacks such as JPEG compression, additive white Gaussian noise, low pass filter and color attacks (hue, saturation and brightness modifications). Considering the watermarking channel characterized by these attacks, repetition, Hamming, Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem and Reed-Solomon codes are used in order to improve the robustness using different modes and appropriate decoding algorithms. The article compares the efficiency of different type of codes against different type of attacks. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that the effect of error-correcting codes against different attacks are detailed in a watermarking context in such a precise way: describing and comparing the effect of different classes of codes against different type of attacks. This article clearly shows that list decoding of Reed-Solomon codes using the algorithm of Sudan exhibits good performance against hue and saturation attacks. The use of error correcting codes in a concatenation mode allows the non-binary block codes to show good performance against JPEG compression, noise and brightness attacks.
High-level expression and characterization of a chimeric lipase from Rhizopus oryzae for biodiesel production
Authors: Yu Xiao-Wei , Sha Chong , Guo Yong-Liang , Xiao Rong , Xu Yan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Production of biodiesel from non-edible oils is receiving increasing attention. Tung oil, called “China wood oil” is one kind of promising non-edible biodiesel oil in China. To our knowledge, tung oil has not been used to produce biodiesel by enzymatic method. The enzymatic production of biodiesel has been investigated extensively by using Rhizopus oryzae lipase as catalyst. However, the high cost of R. oryzae lipase remains a barrier for its industrial applications. Through different heterologous expression strategies and fermentation techniques, the highest expression level of the lipase from R. oryzae reached 1334 U/mL in Pichia pastoris, which is still not optimistic for industry applications.

Results
The prosequence of lipases from Rhizopus sp. is very important for the folding and secretion of an active lipase. A chimeric lipase from R. oryzae was constructed by replacing the prosequence with that from the R. chinensis lipase and expressed in P. pastoris. The maximum activity of the chimera reached 4050 U/mL, which was 11 fold higher than that of the parent. The properties of the chimera were studied. The immobilized chimera was used successfully for biodiesel production from tung oil, which achieved higher FAME yield compared with the free chimeric lipase, non-chimeric lipase and mature lipase. By response surface methodology, three variables, water content, methanol to tung oil molar ratio and enzyme dosage were proved to be crucial parameters for biosynthesis of FAME and the FAME yield reached 91.9±2.5% at the optimized conditions by adding 5.66 wt.% of the initial water based on oil weight, 3.88 of methanol to tung oil molar ratio and 13.24 wt.% of enzyme concentration based on oil weight at 40°C.

Conclusions
This is the first report on improving the expression level of the lipase from R. oryzae by replacing prosequences. The immobilized chimera was used successfully for biodiesel production from tung oil. Using tung oil as non-edible raw material and a chimeric lipase from R. oryzae as an economic catalyst make this study a promising one for biodiesel applications.
Evaluation of a Dried Blood Spot Assay to Measure Prenatal Screening Markers Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A and Free β-Subunit of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Authors: Cowans Nicholas J , Suonpaa Mikko , Kouru Heikki , Wright David , Spencer Kevin 
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUNDFirst-trimester prenatal screening for aneuploidy by use of dried blood spots (DBSs) may offer practical benefits in settings where the instability of intact human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is problematic. We evaluated a DBS pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and free β-subunit of hCG (free hCGβ) dual assay and compared it to serum screening.METHODSHematocrit-corrected DBS PAPP-A and free-hCGβ concentrations were measured and compared with serum concentrations in 252 first-trimester samples. Serum intact hCG was also measured and, with serum free hCGβ, was used to fit a model to predict serum-equivalent DBS free-hCGβ concentrations. In a separate experiment, we investigated the effects of temperature and relative humidity during the blood spot drying process.RESULTSThe DBS assay for PAPP-A performed similarly to the serum assay, whereas free-hCGβ DBS measurements were consistently higher than in serum. Purifying blood spots of intact hCG suggested that the free-hCGβ DBS assay is measuring a composite of free hCGβ and additional β-subunits from intact hCG. The drying experiment showed that increased temperature and relative humidity during the drying process resulted in increased free hCGβ and reduced PAPP-A.CONCLUSIONSDespite measuring additional free hCGβ compared to the serum assay, DBS analysis has a role in first-trimester combined screening for trisomy 21.
The association between enteroviruses and type 1 diabetes
Authors: Dale Gabriela Florina , Popa Loredana , Popa Amorin 
Published: February 2013

Abstract The hypothesis that under some circumstances enteroviral infections can lead to type1 diabetes (T1D) was proposed several decades ago, based initially on evidence fromanimal studies and sero-epidemiology. The mechanisms leading to the diseaseinvolve complex interactions between the virus, host target tissue (pancreas) and theimmune system. The following article is intended as a review of several recentinformation of the topic based on human studies that try to establish a connectionbetween a viral infection and Type 1 diabetes. Through understanding better thisassociation and it’s implications in the onset of T1D potential new ways ofprevention and treatment may emerge.