bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point processes statistics of stable isotopes: analysing water uptake patterns in a mixed stand of Aleppo pine and Holm oak
Authors: Comas Carles , Del Castillo Jorge , Voltas Jordi , Ferrio Juan Pedro 
Published: April 2015

Aim of study: Understanding inter- and intra-specific competition for water is crucial in drought-prone environments. However, little is known about the spatial interdependencies for water uptake among individuals in mixed stands. The aim of this work was to compare water uptake patterns during a drought episode in two common Mediterranean tree species, Quercus ilex L. and Pinus halepensis Mill., using the isotope composition of xylem water (δ18O, δ2H) as hydrological marker.Area of study: The study was performed in a mixed stand, sampling a total of 33 oaks and 78 pines (plot area= 888 m2). We tested the hypothesis that both species uptake water differentially along the soil profile, thus showing different levels of tree-to-tree interdependency, depending on whether neighbouring trees belong to one species or the other.Material and Methods: We used pair-correlation functions to study intra-specific point-tree configurations and the bivariate pair correlation function to analyse the inter-specific spatial configuration. Moreover, the isotopic composition of xylem water was analysed as a mark point pattern.Main results: Values for Q. ilex (δ18O= -5.3 ±0.2‰, δ2H=-54.3±0.7‰) were significantly lower than for P. halepensis (δ18O= -1.2±0.2‰, δ2H = -25.1±0.8‰), pointing to a greater contribution of deeper soil layers for water uptake by Q. ilex. Research highlights: Point-process analyses revealed spatial intra-specific dependencies among neighbouring pines, showing neither oak-oak nor oak-pine interactions. This supports niche segregation for water uptake between the two species.Key words: Cross-pair correlation function; Deuterium; Mark correlation function; Oxygen-18; Point patterns; Xylem.Abbreviations: d18O, oxygen isotope composition; d2H, hydrogen isotope composition; BA, basal area.
CHARAKTERISTIKA ANOMÁLNÍHO SKAPU V PUNKEVNÍCH JESKYNÍCH (MORAVSKÝ KRAS)
Authors: Pracný Pavel , Faimon Jiří , Kabelka Ludvík 
Published: April 2015

Cave speleothems grow from supersaturated dripwaters and store information about various karst processes along the water flow path. Anomalous non-saturated waters may occur if (1) rainfall water passes very rapidly through karst profile or if (2) two saturated waters of different compositions are mixed. The low mineralization close to saturation could be reached also as (3) result of calcite precipitating prior the water enters the cave. The hydrogeochemistry of four dripwaters in the Punkva Caves (Moravian Karst) was systematically studied for anomalous properties during one-year period. The drips are situated in a passage behind Přední Dóm Chamber (CP1 and CP2, 24 samples each), in Tunnel Corridor (TC1, 24 samples), and in Zadní Dóm Chamber (ZD1, 6 samples). The dripwaters CP1, CP2, and ZD1 show various flow regimes but very similar hydrogeochemical properties: electric conductivity (EC = 550–630 μS/cm), saturation (SIcalcite = 0.8–1.2), and Mg/Ca ratio (1000*(Mg/Ca) = 15–20). In contrast, the dripwater TC1 shows stable drip rate and EC = 275–350 μS/cm, SI = -0.1 to 0.3, and almost thrice as high Mg/Ca ratios as other drips. High and stable discharge of the drip TC1, combined with low EC, SI close to zero, and high Mg/Ca ratio indicate that a prior precipitation of calcite is responsible for the anomalous composition of the dripwater. The slightly negative SI values that were occasionally observed indicate that further minor processes probably participate on the water formation.
La pertinence de Hall pour l’étude de l’intersectionnalité1
Authors: Bilge Sirma 
Published: April 2015

La recherche intersectionnelle expose avec force les limites des approches additives et multiplicatives pour appréhender l’architecture complexe du pouvoir. Cependant, au chapitre de la théorisation des liens entre divers éléments formant cette architecture, la réflexion gagnerait à être poursuivie et complexifiée. À cette fin, l’article mobilise l’oeuvre de Stuart Hall et identifie et discute deux voies fécondes pour l’approfondissement et le renouvellement des problématiques théoriques intersectionnelles. Il propose : 1. de combiner la théorie hallienne de l’articulation entre différentes instances (économique / juridico-politique / idéologique) à la prémisse intersectionnelle de co-constitution de différents opérateurs de pouvoir (race / classe / genre) pour une théorisation plus complexe du pouvoir; et 2. de s’inspirer de la théorisation hallienne de la conjoncture pour éviter l’écueil d’une intersectionnalité à application universelle et saisir les conditions géohistoriques spécifiques sous lesquelles articulations (économique / juridico-politique / idéologique) et intersections (race / classe / genre) se forment et forment une unité complexe différenciée, une « structure articulée à dominante », quoique contingente.
Heurs et malheurs de la lutte contre une pratique sexiste racisée
Authors: Lemercier 1 Élise 
Published: April 2015

En France, l’excision a été reconnue comme une mutilation pénalement répréhensible en 1983. Cet article se propose d’analyser les formes prises par la lutte contre l’excision en France à travers la mobilisation de médiatrices interculturelles. À quelles difficultés et contraintes doivent faire face les actrices et les acteurs de la lutte contre l’excision en France? À l’imbrication des rapports ethniques et de genre, les femmes des groupes ethniques pratiquant l’excision se trouvent souvent face à des injonctions paradoxales entre dénonciations du sexisme de leur groupe (au risque de renforcer le racisme) ou dénonciations du racisme (au risque de renforcer le sexisme). Toutefois, loin d’être sans ressource, les femmes étudiées développent des formes de contournements, voire de résistances à ces injonctions paradoxales à l’intersection des rapports sociaux.
Et si la dette privée était un problème de société?
Authors: Perez-Roa Lorena 
Published: April 2015

Cet article propose une analyse critique de deux thèses populaires à partir desquelles s’articule la réponse à la question « pourquoi les individus s’endettent-ils au-delà de leurs moyens? », à savoir, la thèse du surendettement comme une des conséquences de comportements irresponsables, et la thèse du surendettement par accident, à partir d’une approche axée sur la situation de jeunes à l’ère de la société néolibérale. Dans un objectif de lutte contre les problèmes croissants de surendettement observés chez les jeunes, une définition adéquate est capitale; de même, une intervention adéquate repose sur un diagnostic adéquat. Les problématiques inhérentes à la définition du concept de surendettement chez les jeunes sont donc d’une grande importance pratique en termes d’intervention professionnelle et sociale.
Travail social et intervention sociale en France
Authors: Rullac Stéphane 
Published: April 2015

Un processus de « conférence de consensus » a été organisé en France, entre 2012 et 2014, pour étudier les relations qu’entretiennent le travail social et la recherche. Cette mobilisation scientifique a déclenché une vive dispute épistémologique concernant les postures de recherches nécessaires à étudier ce secteur professionnel. Trois approches se sont distinguées, voire opposées : la recherche « sur », « pour » et « en » travail social. Au-delà d’une simple querelle contextuelle entre savants qui lutteraient pour des places, ces travaux permettent de distinguer des fractures épistémologiques qui composent une structuration des savoirs du travail social.
Systematic review of stigma reducing interventions for African/Black diasporic women
Authors: Loutfy Mona , Tharao Wangari , Logie Carmen , Aden Muna A , Chambers Lori A , Wu Wei , Abdelmaseh Marym , Calzavara Liviana 
Published: April 2015

IntroductionLiterature indicates that racism, sexism, homophobia and HIV‐related stigma have adverse impacts on health, well‐being, and quality of life among HIV‐positive women of African descent (African/Black diaspora). However, limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing stigma tailored for these women. This study systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non‐randomized observational and quasi‐experimental studies evaluating the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing stigma experienced by this population.MethodsThe Cochrane methodology was used to develop a search strategy in consultation with a librarian scientist. Databases searched included the Cochrane Library, Ovid EMBASE, PsycInfo, and 10 others. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies for potential relevance and conducted the Cochrane grading of RCTs to assess risk of bias and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale to assess the quality of non‐randomized studies. Eligible papers were selected if they employed an intervention design with African/Black diasporic women living with HIV as the target population and had a primary outcome of stigma reduction.ResultsOf the five studies that met all of the eligibility criteria, four demonstrated the effectiveness of interventions in reducing HIV‐related stigma. Only two of the five studies were designed specifically for HIV‐positive African/Black diasporic women. Limitations included the absence of interventions addressing other forms of stigma and discrimination (e.g. gender discrimination, racism, heterosexism).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there are limited interventions designed to address multiple forms of stigma, including gender and racial discrimination, experienced by HIV‐positive African/Black diasporic women.
Ampère force exerted by geomagnetic Sq currents and thermospheric pressure difference
Authors: Takeda Masahiko 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Ampère force exerted by meridional Sq currents was estimated, and its relationship with a neutral pressure difference was examined. It was found that the annual Ampère force correlates very well with the difference between its maximum and minimum pressures integrated above 120 km for solar activity variation. Furthermore, these two values were almost the same around the Sq current vortex during the equinox. This means that the pressure difference balances with Ampère force, and thus, a neutral wind blows roughly in the opposite direction of the pressure gradient. As a result, the intensity of the resultant ionospheric dynamo current is controlled by the pressure difference, and thus, it is possible to infer the pressure difference from the geomagnetic field only at least the annual mean in equinox. At Kakioka, there was seasonal variation such that the pressure difference in the local summer and winter was smaller and larger than the Ampère force, respectively. This characteristic is likely due to the contribution of the interhemispheric field‐aligned currents driven by the ionospheric dynamo to the Sq field.
Kinematic earthquake source inversion and tsunami runup prediction with regional geophysical data
Authors: Melgar D. , Bock Y. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRapid near‐source earthquake source modeling relying only on strong motion data is limited by instrumental offsets and magnitude saturation, adversely affecting subsequent tsunami prediction. Seismogeodetic displacement and velocity waveforms estimated from an optimal combination of high‐rate GPS and strong motion data overcome these limitations. Supplementing land‐based data with offshore wave measurements by seafloor pressure sensors and GPS‐equipped buoys can further improve the image of the earthquake source and prediction of tsunami extent, inundation, and runup. We present a kinematic source model obtained from a retrospective real‐time analysis of a heterogeneous data set for the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku‐Oki, Japan, earthquake. Our model is consistent with conceptual models of subduction zones, exhibiting depth dependent behavior that is quantified through frequency domain analysis of slip rate functions. The stress drop distribution is found to be significantly more correlated with aftershock locations and mechanism types when off‐shore data are included. The kinematic model parameters are then used as initial conditions in a fully nonlinear tsunami propagation analysis. Notably, we include the horizontal advection of steeply sloping bathymetric features. Comparison with post‐event on‐land survey measurements demonstrates that the tsunami's inundation and runup are predicted with considerable accuracy, only limited in scale by the resolution of available topography and bathymetry. We conclude that it is possible to produce credible and rapid, kinematic source models and tsunami predictions within minutes of earthquake onset time for near‐source coastal regions most susceptible to loss of life and damage to critical infrastructure, regardless of earthquake magnitude.
Impact of atmospheric convection on south Tibet summer precipitation isotopologue composition using a combination of in situ measurements, satellite data, and atmospheric general circulation modeling
Authors: He You , Risi Camille , Gao Jing , Masson‐Delmotte Valérie , Yao Tandong , Lai Chun‐Ta , Ding Yongjian , Worden John , Frankenberg Christian , Chepfer Helene , Cesana Gregory 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPrecipitation isotopologues recorded in natural archives from the southern Tibetan Plateau may document past variations of Indian monsoon intensity. The exact processes controlling the variability of precipitation isotopologue composition must therefore first be deciphered and understood. This study investigates how atmospheric convection affects the summer variability of δ18O in precipitation (δ18Op) and δD in water vapor (δDv) at the daily scale. This is achieved using isotopic data from precipitation samples at Lhasa, isotopic measurements of water vapor retrieved from satellites (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), GOSAT) and atmospheric general circulation modeling. We reveal that both δ18Op and δDv at Lhasa are well correlated with upstream convective activity, especially above northern India. First, during days of strong convection, northern India surface air contains large amounts of vapor with relatively low δDv. Second, when this low‐δDv moisture is uplifted toward southern Tibet, this initial depletion in HDO is further amplified by Rayleigh distillation as the vapor moves over the Himalayan. The intraseasonal variability of the isotopologue composition of vapor and precipitation over the southern Tibetan Plateau results from these processes occurring during air mass transportation.
Extreme moisture transport into the Arctic linked to Rossby wave breaking
Authors: Liu Chengji , Barnes Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe transport of moisture into the Arctic is tightly connected to midlatitude dynamics. We show that the bulk of the transient poleward moisture transport across 60°N is driven by extreme transport (fluxes greater than the 90th percentile) events. We demonstrate that these events are closely related to the two types of Rossby wave breaking (RWB)—anticyclonic wave breaking (AWB) and cyclonic wave breaking (CWB). Using a RWB tracking algorithm, we determine that RWB can account for approximately 68% of the extreme poleward moisture transport by transients across 60°N in winter and 56% in summer. Additional analysis suggests that the seasonality of such RWB‐related moisture transport is determined approximately equally by (1) the magnitude of transport (which is largely a function of the background moisture gradient) and (2) the frequency of RWB occurrence. The seasonality of RWB occurrence is, in turn, tied to the seasonal variation of the latitude of the jet streams—AWB‐related (CWB‐related) transport occurs more frequently when the jet is shifted poleward (equatorward). The interannual variability of RWB‐related transport across 60°N in winter is shown to be strongly influenced by climate variability captured by the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). In the positive (negative) phase of ENSO, AWB transports less (more) moisture through the Bering Strait and CWB transports more (less) through western Canada. In the positive (negative) phase of the NAO, AWB transports more (less) moisture through the Norwegian Sea and CWB transports less (more) along the west coast of Greenland. These results highlight that low‐frequency climate variability outside of the polar regions can influence the Arctic water vapor by modulating extreme synoptic transport events.
A quantitative examination of lightning as a predictor of peak winds in tropical cyclones
Authors: Whittaker Ian C. , Douma Emma , Rodger Craig J. , Marshall Timothy J. C. H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe use the World Wide Lightning Location Network to investigate lightning strike variations in 8 years of categories 4 and 5 tropical cyclones. A cross‐correlation analysis is performed between the lightning and maximum sustained wind variations, giving lag and lead times related to the peak linear correlation for each tropical cyclone. A previous study of 58 cyclones by Price et al. (2009) is reexamined using the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship database for the maximum sustained wind speeds of each tropical cyclone showing a moderate to strong correlation between lightning and wind variations. An 8 year data set of 144 tropical cyclones are analyzed in the same way, with a 10° square window, giving similar results to the smaller data set. Using a radial lightning collection window of < 500 km, we confirm the general results of previous studies that lightning can be used on a ∼1 day timescale to predict the evolution of the winds in tropical cyclones. Investigation of different lightning collection window sizes indicates that the lightning lead times are highly dependent upon the window size. Smaller collection windows have modal lightning lead times of ∼2.75 and 0 days, indicating that the lightning location inside the cyclone is as important as the total lightning variation. We have also performed a fixed time lag correlation which shows that preexisting knowledge of what time lag to use is needed in order to use this approach as a predictive tool.
Numerical investigation of the coagulation mixing between dust and hygroscopic aerosol particles and its impacts
Authors: Tsai I‐Chun , Chen Jen‐Ping , Lin Yi‐Chiu , Chou Charles Chung‐Kuang , Chen Wei‐Nai 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA statistical‐numerical aerosol parameterization was incorporated into the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system to study the coagulation mixing process focusing on a dust storm event that occurred over East Asia. Simulation results show that the coagulation mixing process tends to decrease aerosol mass, surface area, and number concentrations over the dust source areas. Over the downwind oceanic areas, aerosol concentrations generally increased due to enhanced sedimentation as particles became larger upon coagulation. The mixture process can reduce the overall single‐scattering albedo by up to 10% as a result of enhanced core with shell absorption by dust and reduction in the number of scattering particles. The enhanced dry deposition speed also altered the vertical distribution. In addition, the ability of aerosol particles to serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) increased from around 107 m−3 to above 109 m−3 over downwind areas because a large amount of mineral dust particles became effective CCN with solute coating, except over the highly polluted areas where multiple collections of hygroscopic particles by dust in effect reduced CCN number. This CCN effect is much stronger for coagulation mixing than by the uptake of sulfuric acid gas on dust, although the nitric acid gas uptake was not investigated. The ability of dust particles to serve as ice nuclei may decrease or increase at low or high subzero temperatures, respectively, due to the switching from deposition nucleation to immersion freezing or haze freezing.
Long‐range seasonal streamflow forecasting over the Iberian Peninsula using large‐scale atmospheric and oceanic information
Authors: Hidalgo‐Muñoz J. M. , Gámiz‐Fortis S. R. , Castro‐Díez Y. , Argüeso D. , Esteban‐Parra M. J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIdentifying the relationship between large‐scale climate signals and seasonal streamflow may provide a valuable tool for long‐range seasonal forecasting in regions under water stress, such as the Iberian Peninsula (IP). The skill of the main teleconnection indices as predictors of seasonal streamflow in the IP was evaluated. The streamflow database used was composed of 382 stations, covering the period 1975–2008. Predictions were made using a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation approach based on multiple linear regression, combining Variance Inflation Factor and Stepwise Backward selection to avoid multicollinearity and select the best subset of predictors. Predictions were made for four forecasting scenarios, from one to four seasons in advance. The correlation coefficient (RHO), Root Mean Square Error Skill Score (RMSESS), and the Gerrity Skill Score (GSS) were used to evaluate the forecasting skill. For autumn streamflow, good forecasting skill (RHO>0.5, RMSESS>20%, GSS>0.4) was found for a third of the stations located in the Mediterranean Andalusian Basin, the North Atlantic Oscillation of the previous winter being the main predictor. Also, fair forecasting skill (RHO>0.44, RMSESS>10%, GSS>0.2) was found in stations in the northwestern IP (16 of these located in the Douro and Tagus Basins) with two seasons in advance. For winter streamflow, fair forecasting skill was found for one season in advance in 168 stations, with the Snow Advance Index as the main predictor. Finally, forecasting was poorer for spring streamflow than for autumn and winter, since only 16 stations showed fair forecasting skill in with one season in advance, particularly in north‐western of IP.
Chronic probable ptsd in police responders in the world trade center health registry ten to eleven years after 9/11
Authors: Cone James E. , Li Jiehui , Kornblith Erica , Gocheva Vihra , Stellman Steven D. , Shaikh Annum , Schwarzer Ralf , Bowler Rosemarie M. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundPolice enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) demonstrated increased probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the terrorist attack of 9/11/2001.MethodsPolice enrollees without pre‐9/11 PTSD were studied. Probable PTSD was assessed by Posttraumatic Stress Check List (PCL). Risk factors for chronic, new onset or resolved PTSD were assessed using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsHalf of police with probable PTSD in 2003‐2007 continued to have probable PTSD in 2011–2012. Women had higher prevalence of PTSD than men (15.5% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.008). Risk factors for chronic PTSD included decreased social support, unemployment, 2+ life stressors in last 12 months, 2+ life‐threatening events since 9/11, 2+ injuries during the 9/11 attacks, and unmet mental health needs.ConclusionPolice responders to the WTC attacks continue to bear a high mental health burden. Improved early access to mental health treatment for police exposed to disasters may be needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:483–493, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.