bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selected parameters of immune response in pregnant sows vaccinated against Trueperella pyogenes
Authors: Kostro Krzysztof , Lisiecka Urszula , Żmuda Andrzej , Niemczuk Krzysztof , Stojecki Krzysztof , Taszkun Iwona 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Expression of CD4, CD8, and CD25 surface markers on T lymphocytes and levels of IFNγ, IL-10, and TNF-α in colostrum and milk were determined in sows vaccinated against Trueperella pyogenes in the final stage of pregnancy. The autovaccine, prepared from Trueperella pyogenes, administered twice to pregnant sows six and three weeks before the anticipated delivery significantly increased the percentages of TCD4+, TCD8+, and TCD25+ as well as levels of IFNγ, TNF-α, and IL-10 in colostrum and milk. The enhanced immune potential of colostrum effectively protected the piglets against T. pyogenes infections during weaning and thus reduced the economic losses on the particular farm concerned, where T. pyogenes infections occur endemically. Knowledge of the profile of cellular and humoral immune response in colostrum and milk of vaccinated sows will enable the design of a T. pyogenes infection prophylactic programme for suckling pigs and weaners, which are most susceptible to infections.
Changes in the expression of galanin and galanin receptors in the wall of the colon in pigs experimentally infected with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
Authors: Wąsowicz Krzysztof , Podlasz Piotr , Chmielewska Małgorzata , Łosiewicz Katarzyna , Kaleczyc Jerzy , Żmudzki Jacek , Załęcki Michał , Pidsudko Zenon , Łakomy Mirosław 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The expression of galanin (GAL) and its three receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) were studied with real-time PCR in the colonic wall of pigs suffering from experimental colitis caused by the infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. The expression was studied in the muscular membrane, mucosa/submucosa layer, and in lymphocytes isolated from mucosa/submucosa. The expression levels were normalized to glyceraldehyde-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression and compared to expression levels in control animals. GAL expression was found in all three studied compartments of the colonic wall. A significant decrease in GAL expression level was found in the mucosa/submucosa and in isolated lymphocytes, whereas the decrease was much less profound in the muscular membrane. In the case of galanin receptors their expression was found in all studied compartments of the colonic wall, however at different levels, as compared to GAPDH expression. The decrease of galanin receptors expression was found in all studied compartments of the colonic wall of the sick animals.
Prevalence of Babesia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in hard ticks collected from meadows of Lubelskie Voivodship (eastern Poland)
Authors: Dzięgiel Beata , Kubrak Tomasz , Adaszek Łukasz , Dębiak Piotr , Wyłupek Dagmara , Bogucka-Kocka Anna , Lechowski Jerzy , Winiarczyk Stanisław 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the distribution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Babesia canis in adult females and males of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, inhabiting meadows near large forest complexes throughout the Lubelskie Voivodship (eastern region of Poland). Ticks were collected using the flagging method. Among 720 ticks collected, 506 were identified as D. reticulatus, and 214 as I. ricinus. DNA of B. canis and B. burgdorferi s.l. was detected in 21.3% and 0.6% of D. reticulatus ticks, respectively. In I. ricinus ticks, DNA specific to B. burgdorferi s.l. and A. phagocytophilum was detected in 5.6% and 10.3%, respectively. Co-infections of B. burgdorferi s.l. and A. phagocytophilum were found in two I. ricinus ticks. These results indicate that the Lublin region is an area at risk of tick-borne diseases of humans and animals, which must be considered in clinical practice.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons residues in milk fat of selected farm animals from the north-eastern part of Poland
Authors: Pietrzak-Fiećko Renata , Gałgowska Michalina , Bakuła Sylwia , Felkner-Poźniakowska Barbara 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine and compare the concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons residues (DDT, DDE, DDD, γ-HCH) in the milk fat of selected species of farm animals. The experiment was carried out on cow’s, sheep’s, goat’s, and mare’s milk samples originating from different parts of north-eastern Poland. The samples were prepared using Röse-Gottlieb’s and Ludwicki’s methods. The determination of the compounds was conducted with gas chromatography. All tested samples contained the residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The results varied depending on the animal species as well as the places of sample collections. The highest content of γ-HCH and ΣDDT was determined in cow’s milk (22.75; 53.12 μg/kg of fat, respectively). The lowest level of γ-HCH and ΣDDT was observed in sheep’s milk (0.25; 5.94 μg/kg of fat, respectively). The content of chlorinated hydrocarbons did not exceed the maximum acceptable levels of these compounds.
Gross and histological evaluation of early lesions of navicular bone and deep digital flexor tendon in horses
Authors: Komosa Marcin , Łazowski Stanisław , Włodarek Jan , Kowalczyk Karolina , Charuta Anna , Zdun Maciej 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The study aimed at evaluation of pathological lesions on flexor surface of navicular bone and deep digital flexor tendon in horses graded in standard X-ray examination as 2 (fair). The evaluation was performed on fifteen horses (6-9 years of age). Analysis procedure involved examining navicular bones on X-ray pictures, post-slaughter preparation of navicular bones from the hoof capsule, macroscopic evaluation of fibrocartilage on flexor surface, and analysis of histologic preparations. In horses with navicular bones graded as 2, early pathological changes have already developed, even if such horses were not lame. The pathological changes included fibrillation and disruption of deep digital flexor tendon surface, loss of fibrocartillage in sagittal ridge area of navicular bone, thinning of subchondral bone on its flexor surface, and fibromyxoid changes in chondroid matrix. In terms of clinical relevance, more studies are needed to understand the sequence of changes in a better way.
Immunoreactivity of S100β protein in the hippocampus of chinchilla
Authors: Krawczyk Aleksandra , Rycerz Karol , Szalak Radosław , Jaworska-Adamu Jadwiga 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate S100β protein in astrocytes of CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus proper and the dentate gyrus with the hilus yet undefined in mature males of chinchilla. The presence of S100β was determined using indirect immunohistochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase method with specific monoclonal antibody against this protein. Most of the S100β-positive cells were detected in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and in the middle part of the hilus. In CA3 area, it was found that the most numerous cells with S100β are in stratum radiatum. In CA1 area, there were single astrocytes expressing this protein. This data demonstrates species differences and a large quantity of S100β immunoreactive cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of chinchilla, which may be associated with structural reorganisation of the hippocampus and with neurogenesis, learning, and memorising process dependent on the hippocampus.
Cytological image of the endometrium in cows in follicular and luteal phases of the ovarian cycle and in cows with follicular and luteal ovarian cysts
Authors: Brodzki Piotr , Brodzki Adam , Kostro Krzysztof , Kurek Łukasz , Marczuk Jan , Krakowski Leszek 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on 30 Holstein-Friesian cows: 10 cows in the follicular phase of the cycle and in the luteal phase 10 d later, 10 cows with follicular cysts, and 10 with luteal cysts. The presence of the ovarian structures was confirmed by ultrasonography. Serum levels of progesterone and 17β-oestradiol were tested with ELISA. Samples for cytological examination were collected from the uterus of all cows using a cytological brush. Following staining, the smears were evaluated in terms of quality and percentages of endometrial cells. In the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle, cells of type A - superficial cells (64.6 ± 4.48) were proportionally the largest group of cells. Cells of type C - basal cells (19.8 ± 2.75) were also present. In the luteal phase, the highest percentage of cells was of type B - intermediate cells (76.9 ± 4.26). When follicular cysts were present on the ovaries, the cytology resembled the follicular phase of the cycle, but with many younger type C cells (33.1 ± 4.11). In the case of luteal cysts on the ovaries, the cytology was similar to that of the luteal phase of the cycle, however with a lower percentage of type B cells (58.1 ± 5.71), and a slightly higher percentage of the other types. The differences in the cytological image of the uterus when different ovarian structures are present, depend on the hormonal activity of those structures. Due to the lack of literature data, the results of the study are important as a model, and may substantially facilitate identification of phases of the oestrus cycle, or the pathologies described, as well as indicate the current status of the endometrium
Effect of seminal plasma zinc–binding proteins on motility and membrane integrity of canine spermatozoa stored at 5°C
Authors: Mogielnicka-Brzozowska Marzena , Dziekońska Anna , Strzeżek Rafał , Załęcki Michał , Majewska Anna , Tołścik Karolina , Kordan Władysław 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Sperm surface binding sites for non-zinc-binding proteins (nZnBPs) and zinc-binding proteins (ZnBPs) were studied by the fluorescence technique with biotin-labelled proteins. The nZnBPs binding pattern was unspecific, no characteristic sites on plasmalemma were found. ZnBPs were attached mainly to the acrosomal region of sperm head and to the sperm flagellum. ZnBPs added to the incubation mixture of the canine spermatozoa allowed the preservation of higher values for total motility, progressive motility, curvilinear line velocity, straight line velocity, and beat cross frequency (P < 0.05), both at time 0 and after 1 h incubation at 5ºC. The addition of nZnBPs to the incubation mixture caused only weak positive effects when compared with control sample (PBS). A higher percentage of canine-ejaculated spermatozoa with intact membranes were observed when ejaculate was incubated with ZnBPs in comparison to control sample stored with PBS (P < 0.05) or nZnBPs (P < 0.05). Spermatozoa diluted with ZnBPs and nZnBPs exhibited a higher percentage of cells with active mitochondria when compared with control, both at time 0 and after 1 h; however, no statistical differences were observed. Our results emphasise the role of seminal plasma protein in securing the correct quantity and availability of zinc ions as a component regulating the motility of canine spermatozoa. The protective effect of ZnBPs against the cooling effect may be due to their ability of preventing sperm membrane damage.
Taking investment decisions on the futures contracts market with the application of Bat harmonic pattern – the increased efficiency of investment
Authors: Bednarz Krzysztof 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The Bat harmonic pattern presented in the article shows that transactions made thanks to it on the contract market are characterized by an above-average rate of return (206.43% within 27 days) while accepting the initial risk (R). The use of the potential reversal zone (PRZ) calculated thanks to the Fibonacci retracements (internal and external retracements as well as pricing projections) makes profits that arise in such a short time to be considered impressive. This article presents also one of the simple methods of profits protection which involves exceeding the local maximum (for a short position) or the local minimum (for a long position), modified by the degree of the accepted risk (R).
It is worth noting that the POO can be calculated for several hours (days, weeks, months - depending on the time interval) before the actual transaction is concluded. In this, among other things, the harmonic trading with XABCD pattern differs from many other investment methods. This is a decision making based on the data available up to the last bar in the chart of what is likely to happen after this last bar. You could even say that POO is buying fear when prices are falling heavily and selling greed when prices are rising rapidly.
Women and men propensities to smoke and drink alcohol
Authors: Doszyń Mariusz 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In the article problems connected with possibilities of analyzing human behavior in context of propensities were discussed. Main focus was put on differences in propensities with respect to sex, also in context of E. Fromm’s personality theory. Methodological issues related to propensities were presented. Definition of propensity and methods of measuring propensities were also proposed. In empirical example differences in propensity to smoke cigarettes and propensity to drink alcohol with respect to sex in Polish voivodeships in year 2004 were estimated. Also, econometric models explaining that kind of propensities were introduced.
The analysis of R&D internationalization – case study of Comarch enterprise
Authors: Kozioł-Nadolna Katarzyna 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of this article is to present theoretical aspects to the R&D internationalization process and its reasons together with the R&D internationalization case study of a Polish enterprise Comarch. The article consists of a theoretical part discussing the essence, forms and reasons of R&D internationalization; a methodical part presenting research methods and measures for determining the degree of R&D internationalization; and a practical one in which the R&D internationalization process in a Polish IT enterprise Comarch has been presented. This process is still going on - the company is setting up R&D branches abroad (in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and France), has started research cooperation with foreign science centres, taken over foreign companies or participates in research syndicates in order to implement projects from the EU’s Framework Programmes. The analysis of the Comarch case was a part of the research conducted by the author of the present paper in 2011 on the R&D internationalization process implemented in Polish enterprises.
Protection of floristic diversity in the Sajna River valley – in view of the planned construction of hydroelectric power station in Sarkajmy
Authors: Łaska Grażyna 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The study was carried out to determine the floristic diversity in the Sajna River valley, in the region of direct and indirect impact of the hydroelectric power station planned to be built in the village of Sarkajmy. Phytosociological diversity of plant communities and floristic diversity were analysed taking into account the predicted influence of the planned power station on the Sajna River. The study was performed in 2010 using field methods and GIS localisation of analysed sites. 73 phytosociological surveys were made and particular floristic patches were identified. Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys were used to delimit the different plant communities and spot the sites of protected plant species. Thirteen plant communities were identified in the study area, five of which are of European importance that require protection within Natura 2000 sites. This group of plant communities comprises four forest plant communities (Salicetum albo-fragilis, Ficario-Ulmetum, Tilio-Carpinetum, Acer platanoides-Tilia cordata) and one herbaceous community (Urtico-Calystegietum). One species under strict protection (Daphne mezereum L.) and five species under partial protection (Viburnum opulus L., Ribes nigrum L., Asarum europaeum L., Eurhynchium angustirete (Broth.) T.J.Kop., Eurhynchium striatum (Schreb. ex Hedw.) Schimp.) were noted. The presence of valuable natural habitats and protected species in the Sajna River valley indicates the natural potential of the area and illustrates its biological diversity. The studied area is threatened by negative impact of the hydroelectric power station planned to be built on the Sajna River, since water damming will flood the river terrace that will lead to the formation of a 7.25 ha pond of.
Hydrology modelling in Taleghan mountainous watershed using SWAT
Authors: Noor Hamzeh , Vafakhah Mahdi , Taheriyoun Masoud , Moghadasi Mahnoosh 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Mountainous regions in Iran are important sources of surface water supply and groundwater recharge. Therefore, accurate simulation of hydrologic processes in mountains at large scales is important for water resource management and for watershed management planning. Snow hydrology is the more important hydrologic process in mountainous watersheds. Therefore, streamflow simulation in mountainous watersheds is often challenging because of irregular topography and complex hydrological processes. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to model daily runoff in the Taleghan mountainous watershed (800.5 km2) in west of Tehran, Iran. Most of the precipitation in the study area takes place as snow, therefore, modeling daily streamflow in this river is very complex and with large uncertainty. Model calibration was performed with Particle Swarm Optimization. The main input data for simulation of SWAT including Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land use, soil type and soil properties, and hydro-climatological data, were appropriately collected. Model performance was evaluated both visually and statistically where a good relation between observed and simulated discharge was found. The results showed that the coefficient of determination R2 and the Nash- Sutcliffe coefficient NS values were 0.80 and 0.78, respectively. The calibrated model was most sensitive to snowmelt parameters and CN2 (Curve Number). Results indicated that SWAT can provide reasonable predictions daily streamflow from Taleghan watersheds.
Biofuels in transport sector of Latvia: experience, current status and barriers
Authors: Smigins R. , Shipkovs P. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
During the last 10 years biofuel production and utilization in the European Union have become more extensive owing to support provided by the relevant EU Directives. Achievement of the main targets defined by Directives was not simple, being confronted with various barriers. Latvia is one of the EU member-countries that have set an ambitious goal as to the production of biofuel and its use in transport. The authors summarize the major achievements of the country in this area and analyze the main barriers to implementation of biofuels in the transport sector, providing an outlook on the current status of the bioenergy and the transport situation in Latvia.
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH COMBINED VALVE FOR BOTH INTAKE AND EXHAUST
Authors: Bolehovský Ondřej 
Published: March 2014

SHRNUTÍ
Prace se zabyva počitačovou simulaci nekonvenčniho čtyřdobeho motoru v 1-D komerčnim kodu. Tento spalovaci motor využiva pouze jeden ventil pro sani i vyfuk, což přinaši jiste vyhody, ktere jsou však vykoupeny určitymi problematickymi vlastnostmi. Cilem teto studie je zhodnotit potencial tohoto motoru pomoci porovnani s konvenčnim spalovacim motorem s viceventilovou hlavou valců. Dale je v teto praci vyšetřen způsob přeplňovani pomoci tlakovych pulsů vyfukovych plynů v připadě vicevalcoveho uspořadani. Tento spalovaci motor je zhodnocen z hlediska jeho využiti jako prodlužovače dojezdu elektrickych automobilů.
Influence of agricultural utilization of sludge and compost from rural wastewater treatment plant on nitrogen passes in light soil
Authors: Czyżyk Franciszek , Rajmund Agnieszka 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the results of studies which aim was to determine the pollution of the water environment for both methods of preparation for the utilization of sewage sludge in agriculture. The study was conducted in 2008-2012 in lysimeters filled with light sandy soil (clayey sand). During the study variants with equal doses of nitrogen in an amount of 20 g . m-2 (15.7 g per one lysimeter) were supplied to the soil in sewage sludge and in the compost made from the same sludge. These variants were used three times for two species of perennial plants: Miscanthus gigantenus i Sida hermaphrodita Rusby. In a variant of sludge soil fertilizing, it was leached into water environment more than 12% of the applied nitrogen over 5 years of research. In case of compost nitrogen leaching was reduced to 8.1-10.0% of the quantity supplied to the soil.
Studies on carcinogenic PAHs emission generated by vehicles and its correlation to fuel and engine types
Authors: Kumar Vaneet , Kothiyal N.C. , Saruchi  
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The objective of this study was to find major PAHs produced in ambient air from the automobile exhaust as a function of fuels (diesel, petrol, and biodiesel) and engine type qualitatively and quantitatively. The recovery range was found between 30% and 70%. The study was carried out on two, three, and four wheelers. Biodiesel samples tested in the study were synthesized indigenously from different starting raw materials and analyzed for PAHs concentration in the exhaust on a Honda genset (EBK 2000AC Model). Biodiesel samples were blended with diesel in different ratio (25:75, 35:65 and 45:55) to investigate the exhaust behavior. Biodiesel was blended with Diesel the concentration of almost all PAHs reduces in comparison to pure Diesel exhaust. B(a)A and B(a) P was the common PAH found in higher concentration in almost all fuels. FTIR results indicate esterification of vegetable oil and NMR results indicate a complete conversion of oils into biodiesel.
Application of a carbazole derivative as a spectroscopic fluorescent probe for real time monitoring of cationic photopolymerization
Authors: Ortyl Joanna , Galica Mateusz , Popielarz Roman , Bogdał Dariusz 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The performance of 1-(9-ethylcarbazol-3-yl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione (1) as a fluorescent probe for the monitoring of cationic photopolymerization processes by Fluorescence Probe Technique (FPT) has been evaluated in comparison with the response of 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin (Coumarin 1) (2). Triethylene glycol divinyl ether and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate were used as an example monomer and a cationic photoinitiator respectively. It has been found that the probe 1 withstands the cationic polymerization conditions and provides correct probe response. 1-(9-ethylcarbazol-3-yl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione shifts its fluorescence spectrum with progress of cationic photopolymerization of the monomer, which enables the monitoring of the polymerization progress using the fluorescence intensity ratio measured at two different wavelengths as the progress indicator. By comparing the behavior of 1 and 2, it has been documented that the fluorescence spectrum of probe 1 shows a spectacular hypsochromic shift (Δλ = 33 nm) upon the monomer polymerization, while the shift of 2 is three times smaller (Δλ = 11 nm). Moreover, the sensitivity of probe 1 is more than 2.5-times higher than that of any other probes suitable for monitoring cationic polymerization processes, reported previously. Therefore, application of the carbazole derivative (1) as a new probe for the monitoring of the crosslinking process of coatings cured by cationic photopolymerization has been proposed.