bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Wood Density of Different Tree Species Using the Micro-drilling Resistance Method
Authors: Yao Jianfeng , Yuan Heng , Lu Jun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study utilized a micro-drill resistance method to measure wood density and developed a comprehensive model and a grouping model to assess their applicability and reliability across different tree species. Results showed that the comprehensive model effectively captured overall data trends but exhibited lower stability compared to the grouping model. While advantageous for its wide applicability across multiple tree species without requiring individual species models, the comprehensive model yielded a large standard deviation, indicating variability in performance. Conversely, the grouping model demonstrated superior stability but slightly lower estimation accuracy, suggesting that separate models can better depict the relationship between wood density and drilling resistance for specific species. Additionally, the study found a relatively small impact of drilling needle usage and wood moisture content on drilling resistance, though further verification is needed. Future research should focus on expanding sample sizes, particularly for underrepresented species, to enhance model robustness and stability. Incorporating factors like tree age and environmental variables could further improve model accuracy and explanatory power. This study provides a scientific basis for measuring wood density using micro-drill resistance and explores the challenges of cross-species density estimation. Continued research and technological advancements promise to make this method increasingly important for wood density measurement.
An Adaptive Hybrid Differential Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm for WSN coverage.
Authors: Yuan Yuting , Gao Yuelin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

To address the issues of large blind spots and uneven distribution in traditional Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) node deployment, we propose an Adaptive Hybrid Differential Grey Wolf Optimization (AHDGWO) algorithm for solving the WSN coverage problem in 2D area. Firstly, an adaptive exponential convergence factor is designed, allowing each individual to adjust global exploration and local exploitation adaptively. Secondly, by integrating the concept of differential mutation, an hourglass-shaped random search area is established. This not only prevents blind search but also bolsters the algorithm’s global exploration capabilities. The AHDGWO algorithm’s performance is compared against the standard GWO, its advanced variants and several recent advanced evolutionary algorithms, using the CEC2022 test suite. The results demonstrate that the AHDGWO algorithm achieves better accuracy and convergence speed. Finally, the performance of AHDGWO is evaluated in 2D WSN scenario through simulations. The experimental results show that the coverage rate optimized by the AHDGWO algorithm surpasses that of the other seven comparison algorithms, indicating its practicality and scalability for WSN coverage problems.
Distinct horizontal gene transfer potential of extracellular vesicles versus viral-like particles in marine habitats
Authors: Biller Steven , Ryan M. , Li Jasmine , Burger Andrew , Eppley John , Hackl Thomas , DeLong Edward 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is enabled in part through the movement of DNA within two broad groups of small (<0.2 µm), diffusible nanoparticles: extracellular vesicles (EVs) and virus-like particles (VLPs; including viruses, gene transfer agents, and phage satellites). These structures enclose a substantial portion of the HGT potential in planktonic ecosystems, but whether genes move preferentially through one type of nanoparticle versus another is unknown. Here we show that EVs and VLPs from the oligotrophic ocean differ in their DNA capacity and encoded functions. Both particle types are enriched in mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and we highlight how this property enables novel MGE discovery. Examining the Pelagibactermobilome reveals >7200 diverse chromosomal fragments and MGEs, many differentially partitioned between EVs and VLPs. Together these results suggest that distinctions in nanoparticle contents contribute to the mode and trajectory of microbial HGT networks and evolutionary dynamics in natural habitats.
Evaluation of nutritional and environmental factors for biosurfactant production by soil bacteria
Authors: Singh Soni Kumari , Sachan Ashish 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic molecules produced by microbes as secondary metabolites, reduce the surface tension between two immiscible phases of liquids or gases and could replace chemically synthesized surfactants in food industries, agrochemical industries, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, oil recovery and petroleum industries. Biosurfactant production could be altered by providing microbes suitable environments. Thus the current research work evaluated the effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources and influence of pH on biosurfactant production of bacteria isolated from soil sludge prepared by seeding the soil with different hydrocarbons (petrol, diesel and mustard oil).Isolates showing maximum emulsification activity in emulsification assay (≥ 40%) were selected for further optimization of process parameters to enhance the production of biosurfactant. Isolates were screened for biosurfactant production with different carbon sources, nitrogen sources and at different pH. At alkaline pH (pH 9) all the isolates shows maximum emulsification activity up to 92% by PS1. Optimized condition for maximum biosurfactant production by PS1 is Glycerol 2% as carbon source and yeast extract as nitrogen sources at pH 9.DS2 shows maximum biosurfactant production with olive oil and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively at pH 9.The optimized media constituents concluded for MS4 is Glycerol 2% as carbon sources and peptone as nitrogen source at pH 9.Production of biosurfactant could be enhance by optimizing media constituents at industrial scale.Thus, current work contributed important prospects to enhance the production of biosurfactant by Bacillus species.
Temporary versus Permanent Exits during the Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Kacker Kanishka , Ahuja Chetna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, firms were eight times more likely to exit temporarily than permanently. Temporary exits were 50% less likely to involve firing permanent workers, implying smaller welfare losses. However, the literature on firm exits has paid little attention to distinguishing between temporary and permanent exits. By leveraging the pandemic as an unforeseen shock in a panel involving 11000 firms across 39 countries, we find increased reliance on supplier-specific inputs raises the probability of temporary, but not permanent, exit by 45%. We argue labour supply drops temporarily in response to the pandemic, lowering profit margins and forcing exit. Temporary exits avoid losses from supplier-specific inputs, which permanent exits or continued operation necessarily incur, emerging as a dominant strategy for firms reliant on such inputs. Consistent with this argument, further analysis reveals input shortages - not demand drops - and occupations prone to infection in the absence of vaccines to be primary drivers.
JEL Codes: D22, D23, L60, L16
Calculation of Inductance Parameters of Wound Brushless Doubly-fed Motor
Authors: lv pin , liu lulu , su xunwen , lin peng , ma haotian , xu donghui , liu ziyang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In response to the problem of incomplete calculation methods for inductance parameters of wound brushless doubly fed motors, this paper starts with the internal magnetic field of the motor and the spatial distribution of the magnetic electromotive force of a single coil, derives the amplitude of the fundamental magnetic electromotive force of the brushless doubly fed motor, and then obtains the inductance calculation formula of the stator winding. This paper first introduces a multi span wound rotor structure, and then analyzes and calculates the main inductance of the stator winding. The calculation formula for the stator leakage inductance of a brushless doubly fed motor is mainly derived, including stator end leakage inductance, stator slot leakage inductance, and stator harmonic leakage inductance. Finally, based on the calculation of the main inductance and leakage inductance parameters of a multi span wound rotor brushless doubly fed motor with a capacity of 700kVA and an efficiency of 96%, the accuracy of the method was verified by comparing it with the results calculated by the analytical method. The results show that the analytical method and finite element method derived in this paper have relative errors within 5% when calculating the main inductance, end leakage inductance, slot leakage inductance, and harmonic leakage inductance, and have good consistency. In addition, it was found that slot leakage inductance accounts for 70.41% and 61.54% of the main components of both power winding and control winding leakage inductance, respectively.
Leakage assessment of water supply networks in a university based on WB-Easy Calc and night minimum flow: a case study in Xi'an
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Jingtai , Xiong Jiaqing 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Under carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals in China, many public institutions have started to decarbonise their energy consumption sectors, saving water and indirectly reducing energy consumption by controlling leaks in water supply networks. Universities receive more attention for their huge water consumption. The campus water supply system of a university in Xi'an was selected as the study object. Through real-time monitoring of the water consumption of the water supply network system, flow trends and leakage characteristics were analysed in conjunction with changes in water consumption, and WB-Easy Calc (water balance analysis software) proposed by the International Water Association was used to calibrate and evaluate the system for leakage. The results show that: with each building as a separate metering zone, the minimum night-time flow rate of the university occurs between 2:00 and 5:00 a.m., and the WB-Easy Calc analysis can obtain more accurate apparent leakage; therefore, the combination of the water balance method and the minimum night-time flow rate method can effectively assess the water use and leakage of the university, which is a good inspiration for assessing the water-saving potential of the university and formulating the corresponding water-saving measures.
Comprehensive Investigation of Natural Ligands as Inhibitors of β Secretase to Identify Alzheimer’s Disease Therapeutics
Authors: Kushwah Shikha , Mani Ashutosh 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an alarmingly prevalent worldwide neurological
disorder that affects millions of people and has severe effects on cognitive functions. The amyloid
hypothesis, which links AD to Aβ (amyloid beta) plaque aggregation, is a well-acknowledged
theory. The β-secretase (BACE1) is the main cause of Aβ production, which makes it a possible
target for therapy. FDA-approved therapies for AD do exist, but none of them explicitly target
BACE1, and their effectiveness is constrained and accompanied by adverse effects.

Materials and Methods:
We determined the essential chemical components of medicinal herbs by
conducting a thorough literature research for BACE1. Computational methods like molecular
docking, ADMET (Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) screening, molecular
dynamic simulations, and MMPBSA analysis were performed in order to identify the most promising
ligands for β-secretase.

Results:
The results suggested that withasomniferol, tinosporide, and curcumin had better binding
affinity with BACE1, suggesting their potential as therapeutic candidates against Alzheimer’s disease.

Conclusion:
Herbal therapeutics have immense applications in the treatment of chronic diseases
like Alzheimer’s disease, and there is an urgent need to assess their efficacy as therapeutics.
Angiographic, CT, and MRI Findings in Moyamoya Disease: A Case Report with an Updated Review of the Literature
Authors: Muñoz-Insignares Alejandro , Corona-Cedillo Roberto , Espinoza-Garcia Juan-Jose , Garcia-Lezama Melissa , Roldan-Valadez Ernesto 
Published: July 2024

Background
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an occlusive cerebrovascular condition characterized by progressive stenosis of the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the development of an abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. This disease predominantly affects individuals in East Asian countries, with an incidence rate ranging from 6.03 to 9.1 per 100,000 people.

Case Presentation
We report the case of a 41-year-old Hispanic woman who presented severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, and intermittent loss of alertness over a 15-day period. Upon admission, her vital signs were normal, and no focal neurological deficits were observed. Initial plain CT imaging revealed an interhemispheric subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraventricular involvement in the occipital recess and right atrium. Subsequent angiographic CT with 3D reconstructions exhibited the classic 'puff of smoke' appearance indicative of Moyamoya disease. Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) demonstrated normal relative cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and mean transit time in both hemispheres. Based on these imaging findings, the patient was diagnosed with MMD. She underwent an indirect revascularization procedure known as encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis, which involved suturing branches of the superficial temporal artery to the dura.

Discussion
This case report underscores an atypical presentation of MMD in a Hispanic patient diagnosed by a combination of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), 3D CT angiography, and brain perfusion MRI. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing and diagnosing this rare condition in populations outside of East Asia. Furthermore, this report includes a review of the updated literature on MMD, providing valuable information on its diagnosis and management.

Conclusion
The clinical presentation and imaging findings, in this case, underscore the need for advanced diagnostic techniques, such as perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and quantitative color-coded parametric DSA (QDSA), to improve diagnostic precision and treatment planning. The successful application of indirect revascularization through encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis demonstrates the efficacy of surgical interventions in the treatment of MMD. Addressing ethnic disparities in MMD is crucial to improving early diagnosis and patient outcomes. Future research should focus on refining treatment algorithms, investigating nonsurgical interventions, and examining cognitive and psychological outcomes to further improve patient care.
Multifunctional Smart Nano Biopolymers for Programmed Controlled Release of Biomolecules and Therapeutic Agents: An Overview on Modern
Emerging Systems
Authors: Mazidi Zahra , Garshasbi Hamid Reza , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Heydari Mojgan , Mozafari M. R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
The toxicity of systemic release in common drug delivery has irreversible effects on various
tissues and organs of the body. The use of programmed biopolymers sensitive to the body's
physiological conditions for targeted drug delivery has attracted extensive consideration. There are
numerous benefits to this approach. The need for appropriate biopolymers for drug carriers suitable
for programmed cargo delivery is a crucial challenge for biologists and physicists. Summarizing
such materials can be very helpful in selecting the right materials. Extensive advances and many
capabilities in the field of biopolymers have led to their increasing daily use, and among other materials,
this research on biopolymers. In this study, the most important polymers for programmed
drug delivery are introduced. We have tried to discuss the effective properties of materials in smart
stimuli-sensitive drug delivery, their advantages and disadvantages, different forms, how to use
them as a smart carrier, and their absorption mechanism.
SOCIALIZATION “ARCA” AS AN INTRODUCING HISTORICAL TOURISM MALANG REGENCY
Authors: Noveria Anggraeni Fiaji  , Prima Zulvarina  , Khalid Rahman  , In’amul Wafi  , Zenitha Kurnia Putri  
Published: July 2024

The service team targeted the Malang Regency Tourism and Culture Office as the organizer of activities in the tourism sector. The main task of the Department of Tourism and Culture is tourism promotion. Therefore, it is hoped that the ARCA application can be part of a tourism promotion strategy in Malang Regency. Candi Jago is chosen as the object of this application because on the main terrace of the temple there are Reliefs about fables that contain moral values for tourists. With the ARCA Application, tourists do not need to hesitate anymore to be able to visit Candi Jago because ARCA can help tourists to read the Reliefs found on the main terrace with 3-Dimensional AR (Augmented Reality) media in the form of animated videos. The methods used are the online lecture method, the online question and answer method, and the online demonstration method. The results of the evaluation of the outreach, the ARCA application is still limited and available on the Play Store and cannot be downloaded on the App Store, because during the application trial, there were participants who asked why on their smartphone they could not download the application. Meanwhile, another obstacle is that your smartphone does not support being able to download the ARCA application because it requires an upgrade to the latest version.
COLLABORATIVE ACTION DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI KECAMATAN PANEKAN KABUPATEN MAGETAN
Authors: Subekti Tia , Nimas Mayang Sabrina  , Indra Waluyhadi  , Dodik Prasetyo  , Eko Sulkhani  
Published: July 2024

Permasalahan stunting merupakan salah satu problem serius yang dihadapi oleh Pemerintah Indonesia. Angka Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia pad atahun 2022 mencapai angka 21,6%. Angka tersebut masih cukup jauh dari target pemerintah sebesar 14% pada tahun 2024. Pemerintah terus berupaya membuat berbagai program pencegahan dan penuruan stunting. Termasuk mendorong para akademisi untuk berkontribusi dalam melakukan pemberdayaan atau peningkatan pemahaman kepada masyarakat luas. Oleh karena itu, Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini mengambil tema terkait dengan collaborative action dalam upaya pencegahan stunting dengan lokasi di Kecamatan Panekan Kabupaten Magetan. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan memberikan workshop dan juga pendampingan lansung ke masyarakay melalui kegiatan posyandu. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah adanya peningkatan pemahaman pemerintah desa, kader posyandu, PKK, dan juga masyarakat tentang peran apa saja yang harus dilakukan untuk melaksanakan pencegahan stunting. Selain itu, kegiatan ini juga telah berhasil mendorong pemerintah desa untuk melembagakan aksi kolaboratif di level desa dalam upaya pencegahan stunting secara lebih masif.
PERAN BURUH PEREMPUAN PABRIK GENTENG SOKKA DESA KEDAWUNG DALAM STRATEGI KELANGSUNGAN KEHIDUPAN KELUARGA
Authors: Susanti Reny , Hanum Farida 
Published: July 2024

Di era industrialisasi ini, peran perempuan dalam pembangunan ekonomi dapat dilihat dari peningkatan partisipasinya dalam angkatan kerja. Perempuan selain berperan di sektor domestik (pekerjaan rumah tangga) juga berperan sebagai pencari nafkah keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran buruh perempuan Pabrik Genteng Sokka Desa Kedawung dalam strategi kelangsungan kehidupan keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dan pengambilan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Informan berjumlah sembilan orang buruh perempuan pabrik genteng. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa buruh perempuan yang bekerja di pabrik genteng mempunyai peran ganda yaitu sebagai ibu rumah tangga dan pencari nafkah. Dalam perannya sebagai ibu rumah tangga, buruh perempuan berperan mengerjakan tugas domestik, mengurus dan mendidik anak serta mengurus suami. Dalam perannya sebagai pencari nafkah, buruh perempuan berperan dalam memperbaiki ekonomi keluarga sehingga kesejahteraan keluarga terpenuhi.
Continuous Monitoring of Heart Rate Variability and Respiration for the Remote Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Chen Xiaolan , Zhang Han , Li Zhiwen , Liu Shuang , Zhou Yuqi 
Published: July 2024

Background
Conventional daytime monitoring in a single day may be influenced by factors such as motion artifacts and emotions, and continuous monitoring of nighttime heart rate variability (HRV) and respiration to assist in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnosis has not been reported yet.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore and compare the effects of continuously monitored HRV, heart rate (HR), and respiration during night sleep on the remote diagnosis of COPD.

Methods
We recruited patients with different severities of COPD and healthy controls between January 2021 and November 2022. Vital signs such as HRV, HR, and respiration were recorded using noncontact bed sensors from 10 PM to 8 AM of the following day, and the recordings of each patient lasted for at least 30 days. We obtained statistical means of HRV, HR, and respiration over time periods of 7, 14, and 30 days by continuous monitoring. Additionally, the effects that the statistical means of HRV, HR, and respiration had on COPD diagnosis were evaluated at different times of recordings.

Results
In this study, 146 individuals were enrolled: 37 patients with COPD in the case group and 109 participants in the control group. The median number of continuous night-sleep monitoring days per person was 56.5 (IQR 32.0-113.0) days. Using the features regarding the statistical means of HRV, HR, and respiration over 1, 7, 14, and 30 days, binary logistic regression classification of COPD yielded an accuracy, Youden index, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.958, 0.904, and 0.989, respectively. The classification performance for COPD diagnosis was directionally proportional to the monitoring duration of vital signs at night. The importance of the features for diagnosis was determined by the statistical means of respiration, HRV, and HR, which followed the order of respiration > HRV > HR. Specifically, the statistical means of the duration of respiration rate faster than 21 times/min (RRF), high frequency band power of 0.15-0.40 Hz (HF), and respiration rate (RR) were identified as the top 3 most significant features for classification, corresponding to cutoff values of 0.1 minute, 1316.3 nU, and 16.3 times/min, respectively.

Conclusions
Continuous monitoring of nocturnal vital signs has significant potential for the remote diagnosis of COPD. As the duration of night-sleep monitoring increased from 1 to 30 days, the statistical means of HRV, HR, and respiration showed a better reflection of an individual's health condition compared to monitoring the vital signs in a single day or night, and better was the classification performance for COPD diagnosis. Further, the statistical means of RRF, HF, and RR are crucial features for diagnosing COPD, demonstrating the importance of monitoring HRV and respiration during night sleep.