bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Serum Zinc Status and Glycated Hemoglobin of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Assam
Authors: Saharia Gautom Kumar , Goswami Rohini Kanta 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study was undertaken to find out any correlation between serum zinc concentration and HbA1C% in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The study was carried out on 50 newly diagnosed patients of type 2 diabetes and controls in the Department of Biochemistry, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh. Analyses of blood glucose (fasting and postprandial), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum zinc, urea, and creatinine concentrations were performed by standard methods. Concentrations of fasting and postprandial blood glucose were significantly higher in the diabetic group than controls (P < 0.001) and the mean HbA1c% was also higher in cases (8.32% ±1.58%). The mean serum zinc concentration in cases was found to be significantly lower than controls (79.85 ± 13.4 vs. 109.74 ± 9.72 μg/dL) and P < 0.001 with correlation coefficient r = –0.804. Present study revealed an inverse relationship between HbA1C% and serum zinc concentration in patients with type 2 DM, substantiated by regression analysis.
Iatrogenic Infection of Clostridium welchii Following Intramuscular Injection of Sodium Diclofenac
Authors: Sathyanarayana Hemavathi , Rani Leela , Rajendran R , Sarmah Pooja 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTInjection site abscess is an iatrogenic infection. Intramuscular (IM) injection is a common route to administer medication. Microorganisms known to cause injection site abscess are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli commonly, Atypical mycobacteria, Clostridium species rarely. Gas gangrene is a necrotic infection of soft tissue with high mortality, often necessitating amputation in order to control the infection. Here, presenting a case of gas gangrene in a 19-year-old healthy male, who developed a life-threatening infection after IM injection of sodium diclofenac. Prompt clinical diagnosis, laboratory support, and timely surgical intervention saved the patient’s life.
Axillary Schwannoma with Extensive Cystic Degeneration
Authors: Jadhav Chaithra R , Angeline N R , Kumar Bipin , Bhat Ramachandra V , Balachandran G 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTSchwannoma affect mainly head, neck, and flexor aspect of the limbs. Neurogenic tumors arising from the brachial plexus are rare and axillary schwannoma is extremely uncommon. Cystic degeneration is common in longstanding cases and which when aspirated may yield only macrophages or lymphocytes leading to false diagnosis of the case in spite of strong clinical suspicion. We report one such rare case of a solitary axillary schwannoma with extensive cystic degeneration, which was misdiagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology and subsequently confirmed by the histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry.
Pediatric Complex Chronic Condition System Version 3
Authors: Feinstein James A. , Hall Matt , Davidson Amber , Feudtner Chris 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceSince implementation of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) in the US, thousands of new or related codes have been added to represent clinical conditions. The widely used pediatric complex chronic condition (CCC) system required a major update from version 2 (V2) to version 3 (V3) to capture the range of clinical conditions represented in the ICD-10-CM.ObjectiveTo update the CCC V3 system, creating V3, with new, missing, or retired codes; to reconceptualize the system’s use of technology codes; and to compare CCC V3 with V2.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis repeated cross-sectional study examined US hospitalization data from the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) and the Medicaid Merative MarketScan Research Databases from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2019, for all patients aged 0 to 18 years. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2023, to April 1, 2024.ExposuresThe CCCs were identified in both data sources using the CCC V2 and V3 systems.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe (1) percentage of pediatric hospitalizations associated with a CCC, (2) numbers of CCC body-system categories per patient, and (3) explanatory power for hospital length of stay and in-hospital mortality were compared over time for V3 vs V2.ResultsAmong 7 186 019 hospitalizations within PHIS, 54.3% patients were male, the median age was 4 years (IQR, 1-11 years), and 51.2% were aged 0 to 4 years). The CCC V2 identified 2 878 476 (40.1%) patients as having any CCC compared with 2 753 412 (38.3%) identified by V3. In addition, V2 identified 100 065 (1.4%) patients with transplant status compared with 146 683 (2.0%) by V3, and V2 identified 914 835 (12.7%) as having technology codes compared with 805 585 (11.2%) by V3. The 2 systems were similar in accounting for the number of CCC body-system categories per patient and in explaining variation in hospital length of stay and in-hospital mortality. For both V2 and V3, 10.0% of the variance in hospital length of stay and 12.0% of the variance in in-hospital mortality was explained by the presence of a CCC. Similar patterns were observed when analyzing the 2 999 420 Medicaid Merative MarketScan Research Databases’ hospitalizations (52.3% of patients were male, the median age was 1 year [IQR, 0-12 years], and 62.0% were 0 to 4 years old), except that the percentages of identified CCCs were all lower: V2 identified 758 110 hospitalizations (25.3%) with any CCC compared with 718 100 (23.9%) identified by V3.Conclusions and RelevanceThese results suggest that, moving forward, V3 should be used to identify CCCs, and ongoing, frequent updates to V3, using a transparent, structured process, will enable V3 to accurately reflect the evolving spectrum of clinical conditions represented in the ICD-10-CM.
In Utero Gene Therapy and its Application in Genetic Hearing Loss
Authors: Kong Chenyang , Yin Ge , Wang Xiaohui , Sun Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor monogenic genetic diseases, in utero gene therapy (IUGT) shows the potential for early prevention against irreversible and lethal pathological changes. Moreover, animal models have also demonstrated the effectiveness of IUGT in the treatment of coagulation disorders, hemoglobinopathies, neurogenetic disorders, and metabolic and pulmonary diseases. For major alpha thalassemia and severe osteogenesis imperfecta, in utero stem cell transplantation has entered the phase I clinical trial stage. Within the realm of the inner ear, genetic hearing loss significantly hampers speech, cognitive, and intellectual development in children. Nowadays, gene therapies offer substantial promise for deafness, with the success of clinical trials in autosomal recessive deafness 9 using AAV‐OTOF gene therapy. However, the majority of genetic mutations that cause deafness affect the development of cochlear structures before the birth of fetuses. Thus, gene therapy before alterations in cochlear structure leading to hearing loss has promising applications. In this review, addressing advances in various fields of IUGT, the progress, and application of IUGT in the treatment of genetic hearing loss are focused, in particular its implementation methods and unique advantages.
Reversible Alignment of Nanoparticles and Intracellular Vesicles During Magnetic Hyperthermia Experiments
Authors: Fernández‐Afonso Yilian , Ruta Sergiu , Páez‐Rodríguez Amira , van Zanten Thomas S. , Gleadhall Sian , Fratila Raluca M. , Moros María , Morales Maria del Puerto , Satoh Akira , Chantrell Roy W. , Serantes David , Gutiérrez Lucía 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHeating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with AC (Alternating Current) magnetic fields has received significant attention in recent years, particularly for biomedical uses. However, most studies focus on characterizing the heat release, overlooking the fact that the MNPs in the viscous cell environment constitute a dynamic magnetic colloid whose configuration may evolve over time, particularly if a driving force as the AC field is applied. Aiming to shed light on this matter, in this workthe dynamics of the colloid structure during hyperthermia experiments are studied. By combining various experimental and theoretical tools, it is concluded that the AC field may drive the formation of aligned structures, and the impact that such structures may have on the associated heating is assessed. Remarkably, the results show that those field‐driven structures are highly unstable for small particle sizes, rapidly disassembling upon field removal. Moreover, an analogous behavior in vitro is found, with the AC magnetic field also promoting a reversible alignment of vesicles containing the MNPs within the cells. The results suggest that the observed alignment, both of MNPs and intracellular vesicles, may be a common phenomenon in usual hyperthermia experiments, but unnoticed because of the intrinsic unstable nature of the aligned structures.
Anchoring Multi‐Coordinated Bismuth Metal Atom Sites on Honeycomb‐Like Carbon Rods Achieving Advanced Potassium Storage
Authors: Chen Zhisong , Lin Haoxiang , Tan Yiye , Niu Li , Li Hongyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCarbonaceous materials are recognized for their high conductivity and adaptable structures, making them potential candidates for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Yet, their application has been restricted due to challenges like limited potassium storage and slow kinetics. Addressing these issues, this study presents a novel method by anchoring nitrogen‐oxygen‐coordinated bismuth metal atom sites onto honeycomb‐like carbon rods, termed Bi‐N4‐O2@HCR. This aims to enhance PIB performance by exploiting carbonaceous materials' strengths and mitigating their limitations. Through comprehensive experiments and theoretical simulations, it is found that Bi‐N4‐O2 sites enrich potassium storage and facilitate potassium ion migration, thus improving transport efficiency and reaction kinetics. The resulting anode showcased rapid and durable potassium storage, with a remarkable capacity of 190.7 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1 and maintaining 192.2 mAh g−1 over 4200 cycles at 5 A g−1, outperforming many existing carbon anodes. Additionally, in full cell tests, it exhibited excellent rate performance and ultra‐long cycle life, sustaining up to 8000 cycles with a stable capacity of 88.9 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. This research underscores the significance of incorporating unique metal sites on carbon substrates to advance battery technology.
Enzyme‐Responsive Polyion Complex Nanoparticles of Cationic Antimicrobials for Activatable Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: Zhang Bo , Lu Derong , Wang Dennis Bao Rong , Kok Zhi Yuan , Chan‐Park Mary B. , Duan Hongwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA self‐assembled “caging” strategy is presented for the safe delivery of potent cationic antimicrobials that suffer from non‐specific toxicity for the effective treatment of in vivo systemic bacterial infection. The key development here is a new block copolymer consisting of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) stealth block and an anionic and lipase‐degradable block of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) and phosphonic acid‐bearing methacrylate copolymer, synthesized by hybrid copolymerization of methacrylate and cyclic esters. The anionic blocks electrostatically interact with cationic antimicrobials to form neutrally charged polyion complexes with the PEG blocks on the surface. The PCL component imparts the nanocomplex with biodegradability by bacterial secretory lipase. In the proof‐of‐concept study, cationic polyimidazolium that shows excellent antibacterial activity but severe toxicity is packaged by the block copolymer into nanocomplexes, which are stable in complex environments of high salt and protein concentrations and released the antimicrobials upon degradation of the copolymer by bacteria‐secreted lipase. The “caging” formulation of polyimidazolium eliminated its toxicity and led to highly effective bactericidal performance comparable to free polyimidazolium. This caging strategy does not require sophisticated chemical modification of cationic antimicrobials, offering a broadly applicable formulation strategy to overcome their common toxicity issue that has become a primary translational barrier.
Exosomes from Hypoxia Preconditioned Muscle‐Derived Stem Cells Enhance Cell‐Free Corpus Cavernosa Angiogenesis and Reproductive Function Recovery
Authors: Peng Tianwen , Chai Muyuan , Chen Zhicong , Wu Man , Li Xiaomin , Han Feixue , Chen Shuyan , Liao Chen , Yue Ming , Song You‐Qiang , Wu Hongkai , Tian Long , An Geng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTissue engineering for penile corpora cavernosa defects requires microvascular system reconstruction.GelMA hydrogels show promise for tissue regeneration. However, using stem cells faces challenges such as immune rejection, limited proliferation and differentiation, and biosafety concerns. Therefore, acellular tissue regeneration may avoid these issues. Exosomes are used from muscle‐derived stem cells (MDSCs) to modify 3D‐printed hydrogel scaffolds for acellular tissue regeneration. Hypoxia‐preconditioned MDSC‐derived exosomes are obtained to enhance the therapeutic effect. In contrast to normoxic exosomes (N‐Exos), hypoxic exosomes (H‐Exos) are found to markedly enhance the proliferation, migration, and capillary‐like tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). High‐throughput sequencing analysis of miRNAs isolated from both N‐Exos and H‐Exos revealed a significant upregulation of miR‐21‐5p in H‐Exos following hypoxic preconditioning. Further validation demonstrated that the miR‐21‐5p/PDCD4 pathway promoted the proliferation of HUVECs. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is introduced to improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of GelMA hydrogels. EGCG‐GelMA scaffolds loaded with different types of Exos are transplanted to repair rabbit penile corpora cavernosa defects, observed the blood flow and repair status of the defect site through color Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, and ultimately restored the rabbit penile erection function and successfully bred offspring. Thus, acellular hydrogel scaffolds offer an effective treatment for penile corpora cavernosa defects.
Enantioselective Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering by Chiral Au Nanocrystals with Finely Modulated Chiral Fields and Internal Standards
Authors: Tian Yu , Wu Fengxia , Lv Xiali , Luan Xiaoxi , Li Fenghua , Xu Guobao , Niu Wenxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe chiral discrimination of enantiomers is crucial for drug screening and agricultural production. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is proposed for discriminating enantiomers benefiting from chiral plasmonic materials. However, the mechanism of enantioselective SERS is unclear, and fluctuating SERS intensities may result in errors. Herein, this work demonstrates a reliable SERS substrate using chiral Au nanocrystals with finely modulated chiral fields and internal standards. Chiral electromagnetic fields are enhanced after modulation, which is conducive to increasing the difference in the enantiomeric SERS intensity, as evidenced by the experimental and simulation results. Furthermore, the SERS stability is improved by the corrective effect of the internal standards, and the relative standard deviation is significantly reduced. Using finely modulated chiral fields and internal standards, L‐ and D‐phenylalanine exhibit a stable six times difference in SERS ratio. Theoretical simulations reveal that linearly polarized light can also excite the chiral fields of chiral Au nanocrystals, indicating non‐chiral far‐field light is converted into chiral near‐field sources by chiral Au nanocrystals. Thus, the mechanism of enantioselective SERS can be elucidated by the scattering difference of chiral molecules in chiral near fields. This study will pave the way for the development of enantioselective SERS and related chiroptical technologies.
Conjugation‐Broken Dimer Acceptors Enable High‐Efficiency, Stable, and Flexibility‐Robust Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yun , Mei Le , Ge Zhongwei , Liu Chunhui , Song Jiali , Man Yuheng , Gao Jiaxing , Zhang Jianqi , Tang Zheng , Chen Xian‐Kai , Sun Yanming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDimer acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs) offer distinct advantages, including a well‐defined molecular structure and excellent batch‐to‐batch reproducibility. Their high glass transition temperature (Tg) aids in achieving an optimal kinetic morphology, thereby enhancing device stability. Currently, most of dimer acceptor materials are linked with conjugated units in order to obtain high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). In this study, different from previous works on conjugation‐linked dimer acceptors, a novel series of dimer acceptors are synthesized (named T1, T4, T6, and T12), each linked with different flexible alkyl linkers, and investigated their PCEs, device stability, and flexibility robustness. When blended with PM6, the T6‐based device achieves a PCE of 17.09%, comparable to the fully conjugated T0‐based device's PCE of 17.12%. The molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations suggested that flexible conjugation‐broken linkers (FCBLs) promote intermolecular electronic couplings, thereby maintaining good electron mobilities of dimer acceptors. Notably, the T6‐based device exhibits impressive long‐term stability with a T80 lifetime of 1427 h, while in the T0‐based device, T80 is only 350 h. The present work has thus established the relationship between the length of flexible alkyl linkers in such dimer acceptors and the performance and stability of OSCs, which is important to further designing new materials for the fabrication of efficient and stable OSCs.
Infrared Interlayer Excitons in Twist‐Free MoTe2/MoS2 Heterobilayers
Authors: Ju Qiankun , Cai Qian , Jian Chuanyong , Hong Wenting , Sun Fapeng , Wang Bicheng , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExcitonic devices based on interlayer excitons in van der Waals heterobilayers are a promising platform for advancing photoelectric interconnection telecommunications. However, the absence of exciton emission in the crucial telecom C‐band has constrained their practical applications. Here, this limitation is addressed by reporting exciton emission at 0.8 eV (1550 nm) in a chemically vapor‐deposited, strictly aligned MoTe2/MoS2 heterobilayer, resulting from the direct bandgap transitions of interlayer excitons as identified by momentum–space imaging of their electrons and holes. The decay mechanisms dominated by direct radiative recombination ensure constant emission quantum yields, a basic demand for efficient excitonic devices. The atomically sharp interface enables the resolution of two narrowly‐splitter transitions induced by spin–orbit coupling, further distinguished through the distinct Landé g‐factors as the fingerprint of spin configurations. By electrical control, the double transitions coupling into opposite circularly‐polarized photon modes, preserve or reverse the helicities of the incident light with a degree of polarization up to 90%. The Stark effect tuning extends the emission energy range by over 150 meV (270 nm), covering the telecom C‐band. The findings provide a material platform for studying the excitonic complexes and significantly boost the application prospects of excitonic devices in silicon photonics and all‐optical telecommunications.
Ultralow‐Frequency Tip‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Discovers Nanoscale Radial Breathing Mode on Strained 2D Semiconductors
Authors: Cao Mao‐Feng , Peng Xiao‐Hui , Zhao Xiao‐Jiao , Bao Yi‐Fan , Xiao Yuan‐Hui , Wu Si‐Si , Wang Jun , Lu Yao , Wang Miao , Wang Xiang , Lin Kai‐Qiang , Ren Bin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCollective excitations including plasmons, magnons, and layer‐breathing vibration modes emerge at an ultralow frequency (<1 THz) and are crucial for understanding van der Waals materials. Strain at the nanoscale can drastically change the property of van der Waals materials and create localized states like quantum emitters. However, it remains unclear how nanoscale strain changes collective excitations. Herein, ultralow‐frequency tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) with sub‐10 nm resolution under ambient conditions is developed to explore the localized collective excitation on monolayer semiconductors with nanoscale strains. A new vibrational mode is discovered at around 12 cm−1 (0.36 THz) on monolayer MoSe2 nanobubbles and it is identified as the radial breathing mode (RBM) of the curved monolayer. The correlation is determined between the RBM frequency and the strain by simultaneously performing deterministic nanoindentation and TERS measurement on monolayer MoSe2. The generality of the RBM in nanoscale curved monolayer WSe2 and bilayer MoSe2 is demonstrated. Using the RBM frequency, the strain of the monolayer MoSe2 on the nanoscale can be mapped. Such an ultralow‐frequency vibration from curved van der Waals materials provides a new approach to study nanoscale strains and points to more localized collective excitations to be discovered at the nanoscale.
Engineering of Reversibly Cross‐Linked Elastomers Toward Flexible and Recyclable Elastomer/Carbon Fiber Composites with Extraordinary Tearing Resistance
Authors: Wang Xiaohan , Sun Junqi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCarbon fiber (CF)‐reinforced polymers (CFRPs) demonstrate potential for use in personal protective equipment. However, existing CFRPs are typically rigid, nonrecyclable, and lack of tearing resistance. In this study, flexible, recyclable, and tearing resistant polyurethane (PU)‐CF composites are fabricated through complexation of reversibly cross‐linked PU elastomer binders with CF fabrics. The PU‐CF composites possess a high strength of 767 MPa and a record‐high fracture energy of 2012 kJ m−2. The high performance of the PU‐CF composites originates from the well‐engineered PU elastomer binders that are obtained by cross‐linking polytetrahydrofuran chains with in situ‐formed nanodomains composed of hierarchical supramolecular interactions of hydrogen and coordination bonds. When subjected to tearing, the force concentrated on the damaged regions of the PU‐CF composites can be effectively distributed to a wider area through the PU binders, leading to a significantly enhanced tearing resistance of the composites. The strong interfacial adhesion between PU binders and the CF fabrics enables the fracture of the CF in bundles, thereby significantly enhancing the strength and fracture energy of the composites. Because of the dynamic nature of the PU elastomer binders, the PU‐CF composites can be recycled through the dissociation of the PU elastomer binders.
Activation of the cGAS‐STING‐IRF3 Axis by Type I and II Interferons Contributes to Host Defense
Authors: Tong Zhen , Zou Jia‐Peng , Wang Su‐Yun , Luo Wei‐Wei , Wang Yan‐Yi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInterferons (IFNs) activate JAK‐STAT pathways to induce downstream effector genes for host defense against invaded pathogens and tumors. Here both type I (β) and II (γ) IFNs are shown that can activate the transcription factor IRF3 in parallel with STAT1. IRF3‐deficiency impairs transcription of a subset of downstream effector genes induced by IFN‐β and IFN‐γ. Mechanistically, IFN‐induced activation of IRF3 is dependent on the cGAS‐STING‐TBK1 axis. Both IFN‐β and IFN‐γ cause mitochondrial DNA release into the cytosol. In addition, IFNs induce JAK1‐mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of cGAS at Y214/Y215, which is essential for its DNA binding activity and signaling. Furthermore, deficiency of cGAS, STING, or IRF3 impairs IFN‐β‐ or IFN‐γ‐mediated antiviral and antitumor activities. The findings reveal a novel IRF3 activation pathway parallel with the canonical STAT1/2 activation pathways triggered by IFNs and provide an explanation for the pleiotropic roles of the cGAS‐STING‐IRF3 axis in host defense.