bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Throughput Differentiation and Screening of a Library of Mutant Stem Cell Clones Defines New Host-Based Genes Involved in Rabies Virus Infection
Authors: Wallis Deeann , Loesch Kimberly , Galaviz Stacy , Sun Qingan , DeJesus Michael , Ioerger Thomas , Sacchettini James C. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We used a genomic library of mutant murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and report the methodology required to simultaneously culture, differentiate, and screen more than 3,200 heterozygous mutant clones to identify host-based genes involved in both sensitivity and resistance to rabies virus infection. Established neuronal differentiation protocols were miniaturized such that many clones could be handled simultaneously, and molecular markers were used to show that the resultant cultures were pan-neuronal. Next, we used a green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled rabies virus to develop, validate, and implement one of the first host-based, high-content, high-throughput screens for rabies virus. Undifferentiated cell and neuron cultures were infected with GFP-rabies and live imaging was used to evaluate GFP intensity at time points corresponding to initial infection/uptake and early and late replication. Furthermore, supernatants were used to evaluate viral shedding potential. After repeated testing, 63 genes involved in either sensitivity or resistance to rabies infection were identified. To further explore hits, we used a completely independent system (siRNA) to show that reduction in target gene expression leads to the observed phenotype. We validated the immune modulatory gene Unc13d and the dynein adapter gene Bbs4 by treating wild-type ESCs and primary neurons with siRNA; treated cultures were resistant to rabies infection/replication. Overall, the potential of such in vitro functional genomics screens in stem cells adds additional value to other libraries of stem cells. This technique is applicable to any bacterial or virus interactome and any cell or tissue types that can be differentiated from ESCs. Stem Cells 2015;33:2509–2522
Clinicopathologic Features and Outcomes in Patients with Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Akaishi Junko , Sugino Kiminori , Kameyama Kaori , Masaki Chie , Matsuzu Kenichi , Suzuki Akifumi , Uruno Takashi , Ohkuwa Keiko , Shibuya Hiroshi , Kitagawa Wataru , Nagahama Mitsuji , Shimizu Kazuo , Ito Koichi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse sclerosing variant (DSV) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a rare variant more common among younger patients.Materials and methodsExcluding patients with microcarcinoma, 5848 patients with PTC underwent initial surgery between 1995 and 2011. Twenty‐two patients (0.4 %) were histologically diagnosed with DSV, of whom 20 (91 %) were <45 years old. We compared clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes between patients with DSV and those with classical PTC <45 years old. Univariate analysis by the Kaplan–Meier method in relation to cause‐specific survival (CSS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates was performed with regard to the following variables: sex; anti‐thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) positivity; presence of distant metastasis; pathological lymph node metastasis; extra‐thyroidal invasion; and pathological variant (classical vs. DSV).ResultsThe 20 patients with DSV <45 years old comprised 18 females and 2 males. Frequencies of TgAb, pN1b, and local recurrence were higher in the DSV group than in the classical PTC group. Ten‐year CSS and DFS rates for PTC patients <45 years old were 99.7 and 88.6 % in the classical PTC group and 100 and 60.5 % in the DSV group. CSS rate did not differ between groups, but DFS rate was significantly lower in the DSV group than in the classical PTC group (p < 0.0001, log‐rank test). Multivariate analysis identified DSV group and pN1b as prognostic factors for recurrence in young PTC patients.ConclusionsMost DSV patients were young and had a background of chronic thyroiditis. Outcomes for DSV were very good, but recurrence was more common than in classical PTC.
Predictive Factors for Occult Contralateral Carcinoma in Patients with Unilateral Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma by Preoperative Ultrasonographic and Pathological Features
Authors: Lee Young Chan , Eun Young Gyu , Sohn Yu‐Mee , Rhee Sang Youl , Hong Il Ki , Chon Suk , Oh Seung Joon , Kim Deog Yoon 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe surgical extent and indication for treatment in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) remain a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive factor for contralateral occult carcinoma in patients with unilateral PTMC by preoperative ultrasonographic and pathological features.MethodsOf the total patients who underwent thyroidectomy, 455 patients with PTMC confined to one unilateral lobe as diagnosed using preoperative ultrasonography (US) were enrolled in the study. Occult contralateral carcinoma was defined as tumor foci in the contralateral lobe that was not detected preoperatively, but was detected pathologically. All patients underwent preoperative US review to investigate the US features of PTMC such as laterality, location, size, internal component, echogenicity, margin, calcification shape, multifocality, bilaterality, extrathyroidal extension, and location with respect to the trachea. Clinicopathological data were also analyzed.ResultsOf the total of 455 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for preoperatively detected unilateral PTMC, 71 patients (15.6 %) had contralateral occult carcinoma. Clinicopathological characteristics did not significantly differ between patients with and without contralateral occult carcinoma. Multivariate analysis showed that the absence of a well‐defined margin and the presence of a probably benign nodule in the contralateral lobe were independent predictive factors for contralateral occult carcinoma in patients with unilateral PTMC in preoperative US images.ConclusionWe demonstrated that an absence of a well‐defined margin and the presence of a probably benign nodule in the contralateral lobe were independent predictive factors for contralateral occult carcinoma in patients with unilateral PTMC in preoperative US. The prediction of contralateral occult carcinoma in unilateral PTMC using preoperative US features could be useful for determining the optical extent of surgery.
Modified Mitchell osteotomy alone does not have higher rate of residual metatarsalgia than combined first and lesser metatarsal osteotomy
Authors: Chen Shu‐Jung , Cheng Yuh‐Min , Lin Sung‐Yen , Chen Chung‐Hwan , Huang Hsuan‐Ti , Huang Peng‐Ju 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTransfer metatarsalgia (TM) is a common forefoot disorder secondary to hallux valgus (HV). Some authors suggest that a combined lesser metatarsal osteotomy while undergoing HV surgery improves metatarsalgia, whereas others concluded that isolated HV corrective osteotomy can improve symptomatic metatarsalgia. The main purpose of this retrospective study was to compare clinical outcomes in patients with and without combined lesser metatarsal osteotomy while receiving HV correction surgery. We retrospectively reviewed the patients who underwent osteotomy for HV correction between January 2000 and December 2010. All patients underwent HV correction with modified Mitchell osteotomy. Clinical evaluations including the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score and residual metatarsalgia were assessed, and radiographic measurements were carried out. Sixty‐five patients (83 feet) meeting the selection criteria were enrolled. Thirty feet receiving a combined lesser metatarsal osteotomy were classified as the combined surgery (CS) group, and the others were classified as the control (CN) group (53 feet). The overall rate of persistent symptomatic metatarsalgia was 19.28% after operative treatment. There were six feet with residual metatarsalgia in the CS group, and 10 feet in the CN group. There was no significant difference in the rate of persistent symptoms between the two groups (p = 0.9). According to this result, modified Mitchell osteotomy alone did not have a higher rate of residual metatarsalgia than CS. We also found that the average recovery rate of TM was about 80.7% and those patients whose preoperative HV angle was > 30° had the higher risk of residual metatarsalgia after surgery.
Long-Term Outcomes of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Implemented in a Hospital with Low Baseline Antibiotic Use
Authors: Jenkins Timothy C. , Knepper Bryan C. , Shihadeh Katherine , Haas Michelle K. , Sabel Allison L. , Steele Andrew W. , Wilson Michael L. , Price Connie S. , Burman William J. , Mehler Philip S. 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the long-term outcomes of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) implemented in a hospital with low baseline antibiotic use.DESIGNQuasi-experimental, interrupted time-series study.SETTINGPublic safety net hospital with 525 beds.INTERVENTIONImplementation of a formal ASP in July 2008.METHODSWe conducted a time-series analysis to evaluate the impact of the ASP over a 6.25-year period (July 1, 2008–September 30, 2014) while controlling for trends during a 3-year preintervention period (July 1, 2005–June 30, 2008). The primary outcome measures were total antibacterial and antipseudomonal use in days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 patient-days (PD). Secondary outcomes included antimicrobial costs and resistance, hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection, and other patient-centered measures.RESULTSDuring the preintervention period, total antibacterial and antipseudomonal use were declining (−9.2 and −5.5 DOT/1,000 PD per quarter, respectively). During the stewardship period, both continued to decline, although at lower rates (−3.7 and −2.2 DOT/1,000 PD, respectively), resulting in a slope change of 5.5 DOT/1,000 PD per quarter for total antibacterial use (P=.10) and 3.3 DOT/1,000 PD per quarter for antipseudomonal use (P=.01). Antibiotic expenditures declined markedly during the stewardship period (−$295.42/1,000 PD per quarter, P=.002). There were variable changes in antimicrobial resistance and few apparent changes in C. difficile infection and other patient-centered outcomes.CONCLUSIONIn a hospital with low baseline antibiotic use, implementation of an ASP was associated with sustained reductions in total antibacterial and antipseudomonal use and declining antibiotic expenditures. Common ASP outcome measures have limitations.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–9
Orthogonality preserving linear maps on group algebras
Authors: ALAMINOS J. , EXTREMERA J. , VILLENA A. R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe consider several types of orthogonality conditions on the group algebra L1(G) of a locally compact group G such as f$\ast $g = 0, f$\ast $g☆ = 0, f☆$\ast $g = 0, f$\ast $g = g$\ast $f = 0 and f$\ast $g☆ = g☆$\ast $f = 0, and we describe the linear maps Φ: L1(G) → L1(H) between the group algebras of locally compact groups G and H that take orthogonal functions of L1(G) into orthogonal functions of L1(H). Roughly speaking, they are weighted homomorphisms in the case where we are concerned with the one-sided orthogonality conditions and weighted Jordan homomorphisms in the case where we treat the two-sided orthogonality conditions.
Nanoscopic Localization of Surface-Exposed Antigens ofBorrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Lemgruber Leandro , Sant’Anna Celso , Griffths Caron , Abud Yuri , Mhlanga Musa , Wallich Reinhard , Frischknecht Friedrich 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is transmitted to humans through the bite of infectedIxodesspp. ticks. Successful infection of vertebrate hosts necessitates sophisticated means of the pathogen to escape the vertebrates’ immune system. One strategy employed by Lyme disease spirochetes to evade adaptive immunity involves a highly coordinated regulation of the expression of outer surface proteins that is vital for infection, dissemination, and persistence. Here we characterized the expression pattern of bacterial surface antigens using different microscopy techniques, from fluorescent wide field to super-resolution and immunogold-scanning electron microscopy. A fluorescent strain ofB. burgdorferispirochetes was labeled with monoclonal antibodies directed against various bacterial surface antigens. Our results indicate that OspA is more evenly distributed over the surface than OspB and OspC that were present as punctate areas.
Predicting reattendance at a high-risk breast cancer clinic
Authors: Ormseth Sarah R. , Wellisch David K. , Aréchiga Adam E. , Draper Taylor L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjective:The research about follow-up patterns of women attending high-risk breast-cancer clinics is sparse. This study sought to profile daughters of breast-cancer patients who are likely to return versus those unlikely to return for follow-up care in a high-risk clinic.Method:Our investigation included 131 patients attending the UCLA Revlon Breast Center High Risk Clinic. Predictor variables included age, computed breast-cancer risk, participants' perceived personal risk, clinically significant depressive symptomatology (CES–D score ≥ 16), current level of anxiety (State–Trait Anxiety Inventory), and survival status of participants' mothers (survived or passed away from breast cancer).Results:A greater likelihood of reattendance was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.07,p= 0.004), computed breast-cancer risk (AOR= 1.10,p= 0.017), absence of depressive symptomatology (AOR= 0.25,p= 0.009), past psychiatric diagnosis (AOR= 3.14,p= 0.029), and maternal loss to breast cancer (AOR= 2.59,p= 0.034). Also, an interaction was found between mother's survival and perceived risk (p= 0.019), such that reattendance was associated with higher perceived risk among participants whose mothers survived (AOR= 1.04,p= 0.002), but not those whose mothers died (AOR= 0.99,p= 0.685). Furthermore, a nonlinear inverted “U” relationship was observed between state anxiety and reattendance (p= 0.037); participants with moderate anxiety were more likely to reattend than those with low or high anxiety levels.Significance of Results:Demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors were found to be independently associated with reattendance to a high-risk breast-cancer clinic. Explication of the profiles of women who may or may not reattend may serve to inform the development and implementation of interventions to increase the likelihood of follow-up care.
A Zoo of Galaxies
Authors: Masters Karen L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe live in a universe filled with galaxies with an amazing variety of sizes and shapes. One of the biggest challenges for astronomers working in this field is to understand how all these types relate to each other in the background of an expanding universe. Modern astronomical surveys (like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey) have revolutionised this field of astronomy, by providing vast numbers of galaxies to study. The sheer size of the these databases made traditional visual classification of the types galaxies impossible and in 2007 inspired the Galaxy Zoo project (www.galaxyzoo.org); starting the largest ever scientific collaboration by asking members of the public to help classify galaxies by type and shape. Galaxy Zoo has since shown itself, in a series of now more than 30 scientific papers, to be a fantastic database for the study of galaxy evolution. In this Invited Discourse I spoke a little about the historical background of our understanding of what galaxies are, of galaxy classification, about our modern view of galaxies in the era of large surveys. I finish with showcasing some of the contributions galaxy classifications from the Galaxy Zoo project are making to our understanding of galaxy evolution.
Driving magnetic activity: differential rotation, flow structures, and surface patterns
Authors: Strassmeier Klaus G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe interplay between stellar rotation and turbulent flows is a major ingredient for vertical angular momentum transport in stellar convection zone. Combined with the centrifugal force and the buoyancy force due to pole-equator temperature gradients one can expect a large-scale flow structure that is usually referred to as differential rotation and meridional flows. I review such observations for stars other than the Sun, mostly for stars significantly more active, and ask the question whether such observations can constrain the dynamo process.
Results from the EPOXI and StardustNExT Missions – A Changing View of Comet Volatiles and Activity
Authors: Meech Karen , A'Hearn Michael F. , Veverka Joseph 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWithin a period of ~3 months there were two extended mission flybys of comets. Both encounters have provided an exciting new view of comet activity and volatile composition that is changing our paradigm of these small early solar system remnants. The EPOXI mission flew past the nucleus of comet 103P/Hartley 2 on 4 Nov. 2010. This small nucleus was known to be exceptionally active prior to the encounter, by virtue of a very large water production rate relative to its surface area. Both the encounter and ground-based data showed that comet Hartley 2fs perihelion activity was dominated by sub-surface CO2 outgassing rather than by water, suggesting our classic comet formation picture is not correct. The gas flow carried large grains (up to >10 cm in diameter) from the nucleus, and the icy grains contributed to the large observed water production. The CO2 abundance relative to water varies with rotation between 10-20% between the two lobes of the nucleus. The bi-lobed nucleus is rotating in an excited state, with a period that varied rapidly from ~16.5 hrs to longer than 18.5 hrs over 3 months. The nucleus morphology was different from that of other nuclei visited by space craft, with some regions of rough topography in which surface ice was visible. On 2011 Feb. 14 the Stardust-NExT spacecraft flew past the nucleus of comet 9P/Tempel 1, the target of the Deep Impact (DI) experiment in July 2005. The mission goal was to look at the nucleus after and intervening perihelion passage, extending the surface area imaged during the DI encounter and also image the 2005 impact site. The layering seen during the DI flyby was exhibited over the areas newly imaged in the NExT flyby, and it was found that 30% of the nucleus was covered by smooth deposits that were likely caused by eruption of subsurface materials. Although it has long been known that comets lose on average ~ a meter of their surface per perihelion passage, it was surprising to see that in the regions imaged by both DI and NExT there was little change in the surface photometric properties and morphology with the exception of the prominent smooth flow edges. As seen from both the spacecraft and ground-based campaign, the comet continued its trend of decreasing activity from previous perihelion passages. We will present highlights from both missions and discuss implications for formation scenarios.
Development of fully depleted CCD imager NCUcam-1 and follow-up observations for PS1 sky surveys
Authors: Kinoshita Daisuke 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVisible 4-color simultaneous imager is being developed for a new 2-m telescope at Lulin observatory in Taiwan. The main task of this instrument is quick and efficient follow-up observations for large scale surveys, such as PS1 sky surveys. NCUcam-1 is one of unit cameras for this instrument. It is equipped with a new type of CCD chip, fully depleted CCD, and have superb sensitivity at the wavelength of 1 micron. Igneous asteroids exhibit prominent absorption feature around 1 micron due to minerals, and NCUcam-1 is able to deliver reliable taxonomic classifications. NCUcam-1 has achieved the first-light using 1-m telescope at Lulin in July 2011. Results of the characterization work for NCUcam-1 and tests observations of asteroids are reported. Upcoming plan for the study of pair asteroids search and identification is also presented.
Fireball on 6 July 2002 over the Mediterranean Sea is a fragment of the comet's nucleus
Authors: Churyumov Klim , Kruchinenko Vitaly G. , Churyumova Tetyana , Mozgova Alyona 
Published: March 2015

AbstractToday has been known for a considerable number of cases, the explosion of large meteoroids in Earth's atmosphere. This is confirmed by the data of registrations of fireballs by devices and the results of measurements in the atmosphere of bright light flashes by photodiodes Corporation “Sandia Laboratories", which were installed on geostationary satellites of the United States, and also by data of measurements of acoustic-gravitational waves from the thermal explosions of meteoroids [ReVelle D.O. Historical detection of atmospheric impacts by large bolides using acoustic-gravity waves, Near-Earth Objects, Ed. Remo J. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 882, 284-302, 1997]. The work [Brown P., Spalding R.E., ReVelle D.O. et al. The flux of small near-Earth objects colliding with the Earth, Nature 420, 314-316, 2002.] shows the results of processing the observations of flashes of large meteoroids in Earth's atmosphere, obtained with the help of geostationary satellites of the United States. Over 8.5 years (from February 1994 to September 2002) 300 such events were registered. On July 6, 2002 r over the Mediterranean Sea a bright fireball was registered. The energy of the meteoroid explosion that caused the phenomenon of the car, was 26 kilotons of TNT [Brown et al., 2002]. We believe that this energy refers to the height of the full bracking of the meteoroid. At a speed of 20.3 km/s adopted by the authors, body mass at this height is 5 × 108 g, and when entering the Earth's atmosphere, it was about 7 × 108 g. Based on the obtained values of the mass, we conclude that the exploded meteoroid, causing a phenomenon of the fireball was a fragment of the comet nucleus. In processing the density of the body were taken 1 g/cm3 and the initial velocity (~30 km/s).
Photometric Properties of Vesta
Authors: Li Jian-Yang , Jorda L. , Keller H. U. , Mastrodemos N. , Mottola S. , Nathues A. , Pieters C. , Reddy V. , Raymond C. A. , Roatsch T. , Russell C. T. , Buratti B. J. , Schroder S. E. , Sykes M. V. , Titus T. , Capaccioni F. , Capria M. T. , Le Corre L. , Denevi B. W. , De Sanctis M. , Hoffmann M. , Hicks M. D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Dawn spacecraft orbited Asteroid (4) Vesta for a year, and returned disk-resolved images and spectra covering visible and near-infrared wavelengths at scales as high as 20 m/pix. The visible geometric albedo of Vesta is ~ 0.36. The disk-integrated phase function of Vesta in the visible wavelengths derived from Dawn approach data, previous ground-based observations, and Rosetta OSIRIS observations is consistent with an IAU H-G phase law with H=3.2 mag and G=0.28. Hapke's modeling yields a disk-averaged single-scattering albedo of 0.50, an asymmetry factor of -0.25, and a roughness parameter of ~20 deg at 700 nm wavelength. Vesta's surface displays the largest albedo variations observed so far on asteroids, ranging from ~0.10 to ~0.76 in geometric albedo in the visible wavelengths. The phase function of Vesta displays obvious systematic variations with respect to wavelength, with steeper slopes within the 1- and 2-micron pyroxene bands, consistent with previous ground-based observations and laboratory measurement of HED meteorites showing deeper bands at higher phase angles. The relatively high albedo of Vesta suggests significant contribution of multiple scattering. The non-linear effect of multiple scattering and the possible systematic variations of phase function with albedo across the surface of Vesta may invalidate the traditional algorithm of applying photometric correction on airless planetary surfaces.