bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contractual arrangements and commitment in the Indonesian supermarket channel
Authors: Sahara Sahara , Gyau Amos 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to examine the nature of contractual relationships between farmers and buyers in the traditional and supermarket channels, and to explore determinants of farmers' commitment in the two channels.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper reports the results of a field study of 602 chili farmers in the largest chilli production area in Indonesia, West Java Province. The contractual arrangements were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while determinants of farmers' commitment were examined using factor analysis and Ordinary Least square (OLS) regression.

Findings
– The contractual arrangements between farmers and traders in both traditional and supermarket channels are characterized by verbal agreements. Price is the main aspect of the contract in the traditional channel, while grading aspects are the most important aspects in the supermarket channel. Trust and satisfaction have significant influence on farmers' commitment in the two channels, while the actual price has no influence.

Practical implications
– To improve farmers' commitment, traders should not only focus on absolute price, but also on building trust and satisfaction. Trust can be improved by providing payments on time and following through with their promises. Satisfaction can be improved by offering fair prices for farmers' products and providing quicker responses in handling farmers' concerns.

Originality/value
– This study compares the trade relationships between traditional and supermarket channels. It incorporates actual price and behaviour variables in the analysis of farmers' commitment.
The use of health risk scores and classification in food service
Authors: Thimoteo Da Cunha Diogo , Stedefeldt Elke , Vera De Rosso Veridiana 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The aim of this study was to evaluate the good manufacturing practices in meal services in public schools and day care centres in Baixada Santista, Brazil using a health risk classification.Design/methodology/approach– A total of 59 public schools and day care centres in nine municipalities of Baixada Santista – Brazil were randomly selected. The sanitary conditions were evaluated by applying a validated checklist specific to school meal service. The questions were scored according to the health risks detected. A percentage of conformity to good manufacturing practices was calculated, than schools and day care centres were classified according to health risk in relation to the scores obtained for each thematic area addressed in the checklist and in relation to the overall score.Findings– It was observed that 62 per cent of the schools were classified as average health risk failing to comply with Brazilian legislation on food safety rules. The thematic areas that showed lower percentage of conformity to good manufacturing practices were: hand hygiene (33.9 per cent), pest control (3.4 per cent), food handlers (62.4 per cent) and food hygiene (65.4 per cent). The school meal service of day care centres presented higher conformity in the hand hygiene (p<0.01) and the environmental sanitation (p<0.05) than elementary schools.Practical implications– The data observed in our study highlight the need of an effective system to monitor and evaluate the hygienic sanitary conditions in Brazil. The implementation of HACCP system may be an option with good potential to produce safer meals in school environment, nevertheless, the prerequisite program must be implemented first. Professionals with expertise in food safety can act as consultants to the school meal service and may use the data from this study as a benchmark for interventions.Originality/value– This paper contain new information related the state food safety practices of Brazilian school meal service. It also presents the use of scores to determine risk. The use of health risk is a novel way to evaluate the food safety practices in school meals facilitating the implementation of corrective measures.
Consumer satisfaction and loyalty in private-label food stores
Authors: Pilar Martínez-Ruiz María , Ruiz-Palomino Pablo , Martinez-Canas Ricardo , José Blázquez-Resino Juan 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– This study aims to determine which factors underlie the store attributes that contribute to a particular food store image. Furthermore, heightened recent attention to private labels in the food retailing industry creates the need to assess whether the factors vary, depending on customers' brand proneness and their impact on key marketing performance variables (satisfaction, attitudinal loyalty, behavioural loyalty).Design/methodology/approach– The proposed analysis features 211 questionnaires out of a sample of 391 consumers surveys gathered in four different store formats; 137 of which were completed by consumers who admitting being private label prone, and 74 pertaining to consumers who considered themselves national brand prone. The underlying food store factors were identified using factorial analysis of principal components, and their influence on consumers' satisfaction and loyalty was evaluated with linear parametric regression models.Findings– Store attributes related to providing sufficiently convenient purchasing experiences and a special atmosphere are most important for private label brand-prone consumers and enhance their satisfaction, attitudinal loyalty and behavioural loyalty. For national brand-prone consumers, attributes related to quality are more important for enhancing marketing performance variables.Research limitations/implications– The results enable a clear identification of food store factors that vary with the consumer segment being considered (private label prone consumers vs. national brand prone), as well as their differential impacts on key marketing performance variables.Practical implications– To appeal to private label-prone consumers, food retailers should put particular emphasis on the attributes of the store itself, especially those that enhance convenience and the pleasantness of the store atmosphere. To attract national brand-prone consumers, they primarily need to highlight aspects related to quality.Originality/value– This research emphasises the importance of building competitive strategies in food retailing based on: an increased knowledge about the attributes and factors that food consumers value more highly; and brand type preferences.
Convergence or difference? Western European household food expenditure
Authors: Erbe Healy Amy 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– This research examines convergence theory in terms of food expenditure patterns within and across a sample of Western European countries, specifically Italy, Ireland, France and the UK.Design/methodology/approach– Household budget survey data from Italy, the UK, France and Ireland (1985-2005) have been analysed comparing average food budgets and change in coefficient of variations for common food groupings and through cluster analysis for all four countries to determine whether or not countries are becoming more or less alike.Findings– Unlike the average food budgets in Ireland, the UK and France, Italian food budgets are still made up of a high percentage of foods to prepare and eat at home, similar to food budgets in the other countries for socio-demographic groups that either have chosen to eat traditionally or cannot afford to eat out (food poverty households). Modern households within France, the UK and Ireland are spending a higher percentage on foods away from home with some households, specifically those with a head of household who is young, employed and single, spending, on average, two-thirds of their household food budget dining away from home.Originality/value– Previous research into convergence theory has generally analysed national summary level data. This research uses household level data, allowing for both an analysis of convergence across countries and within countries, specifically looking at socio-demographic groups that share similar food budgets and food lifestyles.
Stakeholder voices through rich pictures
Authors: Walker Derek , Steinfort Paul , Maqsood Tayyab 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to illustrate, through an example taken from a recent research project, how rich pictures could be used to more effectively evaluate the delivery of projects. It has as its focus a detailed account of the process of identifying, interviewing and co-developing rich pictures with research respondents.Design/methodology/approach– The paper reports on research that undertook a soft systems methodology (SSM) combined with an action learning approach.Findings– The authors provided, one of eight rich pictures developed as part of a PhD study that used rich pictures as part of wider SSM study into understanding project management best practice. Key findings pertaining to this paper are summarised as follows: rich pictures provide a sound and holistic means to capture context, meaning and impact of situations that are often very difficult to document; use of the more use of artistic and cultural flow of colour, diagrams and symbols in the rich pictures presented a significantly improved resolution of such intangible aspects on a physical artefact such as a picture simply because colour, flow, models and symbols can act as suitable proxy to understanding and resolution; and researcher needs to have an open mind and be rigorous in questioning and interacting with interviewees.Research limitations/implications– This was based on one study only and serves to illustrate the value of an approach rather than a template to be generally used.Practical implications– This provides practical “how to” guidance on developing rich pictures within a SSM research approach.Social implications– The paper illustrates how to portray participants in a particularly sensitive case resulting from a natural disaster. This approach may help people to better express their experiences and to give them a clearer voice in telling their story.Originality/value– The major new contribution that the paper stress this paper makes is one of not only demonstrating that rich picture development is a powerful sensemaking tool but the paper also illustrates how it can be implemented and the authors demonstrated how it allows stakeholders to have a strong and influential voice in project conception and delivery. In reflecting on the use of this tool the paper suggests that it can be effectively applied or adapted for use in a range of disaster recovery situations and even wider in the resolution of purposeful programme development for all range of challenging projects.
Role satisfaction and entrepreneurship
Authors: Sangar Ruby , Rangnekar Santosh 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– It has been believed that entrepreneurship involves a lot of risk nowadays, yet it is assumed that not being entrepreneurial can be a bigger risk. Enhancement in entrepreneurial behaviour can improve performance of the individual as well as that of the organization. This paper aims to propose a conceptual model that empirically examines the relationship of role satisfaction and its dimensions with entrepreneurial behaviour in an Indian context.Design/methodology/approach– Three hundred and thirty three executives/managers from many organizations in India were approached. Cronbach'sα, factor analysis, correlation and regression analyses were applied to check the research hypotheses.Findings– It was found that most of the variables in the study were having significant relationship. All the hypotheses were supported. Furthermore, achievement, influence, control and affiliation were found to be important predictors of entrepreneurial behaviour.Research limitations/implications– This paper would help researchers and practitioners to work on these variables in some other cultures and nations also.Practical implications– Improvement in role satisfaction will enhance the entrepreneurial behaviour among Indian business executives/managers which will improve the overall performance of the organization.Originality/value– It is an innovative attempt to utilize role satisfaction to improve entrepreneurial behaviour in an Indian framework.
Environmental health indicators: a review of initiatives worldwide
Authors: Tisch Catherine , L. Pearson Amber , Kingham Simon , Borman Barry , Briggs David 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The extent to which research into the design and development of environmental health indicators (EHIs) has translated into operational programmes is unclear. The purpose of this paper is to identify EHI initiatives worldwide, distil the EHIs and draw lessons from the experience.

Design/methodology/approach
– A systematic internet-based review was undertaken. Programmes were selected for inclusion if they: first, had the ability to monitor both the physical environment and associated health outcomes; and second, the parent agency had the ability to influence policies related to the environment and health.

Findings
– The small number of eligible programmes indicates EHI initiatives are not yet well established, especially in developing countries. The use of indicators was also limited by uncertainties in the exposure-response relationships that they implied, and the consequent inability to translate the indicators into a common measure of health impact. In addition, there is no information on the extent to which the indicators have been applied in decision making, nor on the policy implications of using indicators.

Practical implications
– More effort is needed to encourage the development and use of more balanced and informative sets of indicators, and to evaluate their use and outcomes in terms of health benefits.

Originality/value
– The time is right for a substantial review paper on EHIs as they are now being used by a number of organisations and to the knowledge this is the first review of operational EHI programmes worldwide.
Determination of Calcium Mobility in Alkaline‐Cooked Grounded Corn in Presence of a Magnetic Field
Authors: Vargas S. , Rangel D. , Quintanilla F. , Rodriguez R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe mobility of calcium ions in corn dough prepared using commercial powder of alkaline‐cooked grounded‐corn kernel was determined in presence of a magnetic field. The ionic conduction was determined using 2 electrodes placed at 2 consecutives corners of the square samples: the excitation line was along one edge. Three different calcium concentrations [Ca] and 3 different magnetic field B conditions (B0, B−, B+) were analyzed; in all cases, the same amount of water was used. The relaxation times τ were determined by measuring the ionic current with and, immediately after, without excitation voltage. An empirical model, based on the obstruction effect characteristic of the ionic conduction and on the effect of the magnetic field B on the motion of the ions, was developed to explain the dependence of τ with [Ca] and B. The threshold concentration at which the Ca ions are not longer linked chemically to the starch molecules and move freely in the dough interior was obtained.
Isoflavone Aglycone Content and the Thermal, Functional, and Structural Properties of Soy Protein Isolates Prepared from Hydrothermally Treated Soybeans
Authors: Wally‐Vallim Ana Paula , Vanier Nathan Levien , Zavareze Elessandra da Rosa , Zambiazi Rui Carlos , de Castro Luis Antônio Suita , Schirmer Manoel Artigas , Elias Moacir Cardoso 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSoybeans were hydrothermally treated at 2 different temperatures (40 °C and 60 °C) and for 4 different hydration times (4, 8, 12, and 16 h) to (i) increase the isoflavone aglycone content in a soy protein isolate and (ii) evaluate the changes in thermal, functional, and structural properties of a soy protein isolate as a function of hydrothermal treatment conditions. Our study is the first to evaluate aglycone content, extraction yield, β‐glucosidase activity, differential scanning calorimetry, protein digestibility, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption capacity (WAC), foaming capacity (FC), and foaming stability of soy protein isolates prepared from hydrothermally treated soybeans. For aglycone enhancement and the extraction yield maintenance of soy protein isolates, the condition of 40 °C for 12 h was the best soybean hydrothermal treatment. The structural rearrangement of proteins that occurred with the hydrothermal treatment most likely promoted the capacity of proteins to bind to aglycone. Moreover, the structure shape and size of soy protein isolates verified by scanning electron microscopy appears to be related to the formation of hydrophobic surfaces and hydrophobic zones at 40 °C and 60 °C, respectively, affecting the protein digestibility, WAC, and FC of soy protein isolates.
Anesthetic practice for Caesarean section and factors influencing anesthesiologists' choice of anesthesia: a population‐based study
Authors: LAI H.‐Y. , TSAI P.‐S. , FAN Y.‐C. , HUANG C.‐J. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundWe examined the change in anesthetic practice for Caesarean section (CS) during the past decade and determined factors influencing anethesiologists' decisions.MethodsThe cases were identified from data retrieved from Longitudinal Health Insurance Database released by the Taiwan National Health Research Institute in 2008. Trend analysis was performed using logistic regression models. The decision tree analysis was performed using the chi‐squared automatic interaction detector method and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of general anesthesia.ResultsA total of 25,606 women undergoing CS were studied. Logistic regression analyses revealed an upward trend of spinal anesthesia from 2000 to 2008 [57.8–67.5%, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.07, P < 0.001] and a decreasing trend across time for both general and epidural anesthesia (5.5–3.9% and 36.7–28.6%; both OR < 1, both P < 0.001). Patterns of change in anesthetic practice across time for emergency and non‐emergency CS were similar (all P < 0.05). Our data further demonstrated that early or threatened labor, a history of preeclampsia, antepartum hemorrhage, emergency CS, and previous CS were important predictors that influenced the anesthesiologists' choice of general anesthesia versus neuraxial anesthesia for women undergoing CS.ConclusionsSpinal anesthesia was the most common mode of anesthesia for CS deliveries in Taiwan during the past decade. Early or threatened labor, antepartum hemorrhage, emergency CS, previous CS, and preeclampsia are significant determinants of general anesthesia in CS deliveries.
When man got his mtDNA deletions?
Authors: Popadin Konstantin , Safdar Adeel , Kraytsberg Yevgenya , Khrapko Konstantin 
Published: June 2014

SummarySomatic mtDNA mutations and deletions in particular are known to clonally expand within cells, eventually reaching detrimental intracellular concentrations. The possibility that clonal expansion is a slow process taking a lifetime had prompted an idea that founder mutations of mutant clones that cause mitochondrial dysfunction in the aged tissue might have originated early in life. If, conversely, expansion was fast, founder mutations should predominantly originate later in life. This distinction is important: indeed, from which mutations should we protect ourselves – those of early development/childhood or those happening at old age? Recently, high‐resolution data describing the distribution of mtDNA deletions have been obtained using a novel, highly efficient method (Taylor et al., ). These data have been interpreted as supporting predominantly early origin of founder mutations. Re‐analysis of the data implies that the data actually better fit mostly late origin of founders, although more research is clearly needed to resolve the controversy.
Assessing carnivore distribution from local knowledge across a human‐dominated landscape in central‐southeastern Madagascar
Authors: Kotschwar Logan M. , Gerber B. D. , Karpanty S. M. , Justin S. , Rabenahy F. N. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCarnivores are often sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation, both of which are widespread in Madagascar. Clearing of forests has led to a dramatic increase in highly disturbed, open vegetation communities dominated by humans. In Madagascar's increasingly disturbed landscape, long‐term persistence of native carnivores may be tied to their ability to occupy or traverse these disturbed areas. However, how Malagasy carnivores are distributed in this landscape and how they interact with humans are unknown, as past research has concentrated on populations within continuous and fragmented forests. We investigated local ecological knowledge of carnivores using semi‐structured interviews in communities 0 to 20 km from the western edge of continuous rainforest in central‐southeastern Madagascar. Responses from 182 interviews in 17 different communities indicated distinct distribution patterns for two native and two exotic carnivore species, suggesting a range of tolerances to the human‐dominated landscape. The largest extant native carnivore, the fossa Cryptoprocta ferox, does not persist in much of this landscape; they were only observed in communities < 5 km from the continuous forest within the last five years. In contrast, the ring‐tailed mongoose Galidia elegans was observed by most communities (82%), but was observed by a higher proportion of interviewees from communities in close proximity to continuous forest. The exotic small Indian civet Viverricula indica was ubiquitous, while the exotic/feral cat (Felis sp.) was observed by a higher proportion of interviewees in communities farther from continuous forest. Over 20% of interviewees had experienced loss of poultry to wild carnivores in the last year and negative perceptions of carnivores were common. We found the human‐dominated landscape to provide little conservation value to native carnivores, emphasizing the need for adequate protected areas and increased engagement of local communities to sustain Madagascar's carnivore species. This information is critical to multitaxon conservation planning in Madagascar.
Widening educational inequalities in adolescent smoking following national tobacco control policies in the Netherlands in 2003: a time–series analysis
Authors: Kuipers Mirte A. G. , Nagelhout Gera E. , Willemsen Marc C. , Kunst Anton E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsIn 2003, the Netherlands introduced tobacco control policies, including bans on tobacco sales to minors, advertising and sponsoring and tobacco sales in government institutions. We examined the extent to which these policies were associated with a change in educational inequalities in adolescent smoking.DesignRepeated cross‐sectional survey.SettingThe Netherlands, 1992–2011.ParticipantsA total of 43 527 14–19‐year‐old adolescents.MeasurementsData were obtained from the national Youth Smoking Monitor. We used logistic regression analyses to model the immediate change in daily smoking prevalence in 2003, the trends and the changes in trends. Models included interactions between educational level (high versus low, based on the educational track of the respondent) and, respectively, period (after versus before 2003), time and time × period.FindingsBefore 2003 the smoking trend declined slightly, and the decline was comparable for students of both high and low educational levels. Immediately after tobacco policies were introduced, daily smoking prevalence dropped for the total population [regression coefficient (β) = −0.340, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.445; −0.236]. This drop was larger for high educational level compared to low educational level (β interaction = −0.400, 95% CI = −0.623; −0.176). After 2003, trends in educational inequalities in smoking stabilized.ConclusionsFollowing the introduction of new tobacco control policies in the Netherlands in 2003, smoking prevalence rates decreased among adolescents of both higher and lower educational levels. However, socio‐economic inequalities in adolescent smoking increased.