bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing leadership derailment factors in 360° feedback
Authors: Yii Tang King , Dai Guangrong , De Meuse Kenneth P. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis paper aimed to examine the relationship between 360° assessment of leadership derailment factors and leadership effectiveness, differences across position levels, and impact of self‐other agreement.Design/methodology/approachThe data were from an archive of 360° feedback (N=523). Boss ratings of leadership effectiveness were regressed on leadership derailment factors as rated by other rater sources (e.g. peers and direct reports). Polynomial regressions were conducted to examine the impact of self‐other agreement.FindingsAs hypothesized, derailment factors had statistically significant negative correlations with leadership effectiveness. Higher‐level managers were rated higher on derailment factors than lower‐level managers. In‐agreement high ratings of derailment factors (i.e. rated high by both self and others) were associated with lower effectiveness than in‐agreement low ratings (i.e. rated low by both self and others). Self under‐ratings of derailment factors (i.e. self ratings lower than others’ ratings) were related to lower effectiveness than self over‐ratings (i.e. self ratings higher than others’ ratings). It also was found that self ratings were less accurate than ratings from other rater sources.Research limitations/implicationsLeadership derailment induces significant direct as well as indirect costs to organizations. The 360° feedback process can be used to help managers enhance their self‐awareness of derailment potential. Findings of this study can be used to help interpret 360° assessment results.Originality/valuePast research on 360° feedback has focused primarily on positive leadership characteristics. This study represents one of the few in the literature that empirically has examined the assessment of negative leadership characteristics in 360° feedback.
Seaport‐associated pollutions in Ogu waterway near Port Harcourt
Authors: Henry Ogbuagu Dike , Chidiogo Okoli Grace , Asuenime Agbonikhena Nasiru 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to investigate the physicochemical attributes of the Ogu Creek serving the Onne Ports in Port Harcourt, which is impacted by ports transport activities, for establishment of its pollution status.Design/methodology/approachIn situ measurements were made at six sampling points for water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, and conductivity with HORIBA U‐10 Water Quality Checker and for total dissolved solids (TDS) with HACH conductivity/TDS meter. Other parameters were determined using standard methods. The principal components analysis (PCA), test of homogeneity in mean variance and Pearson correlation were used to analyze data.FindingsThe lower range of pH (5.28), the upper ranges of Al (1.20 mg/L) and Fe (3.25 mg/L), as well as the concentrations of Cd (0.022±0.011 mg/L) and Cu (0.08±0.01 mg/L) were outside the Federal Ministry of Environment's permissible limits for aquatic life. Four PCs, which were most correlated with essential pollution indicator physicochemical parameters and ions formed the extraction solution that contributed a cumulative 95.258 per cent variability in the original 22 parameters. Of the associated shipping activities, garbage generation on board accounted for the highest waste volume (97.13 per cent) and bilging impacted hardness (r=0.992) at p<0.01, bunkering impacted Pb ion concentrations (r=0.948), accidental dumping of effluents impacted water temperature (r=0.881), and fish trawling and deliberate dumping of effluents each impacted DO (r=0.896 and 0.957, respectively) of water column at p<0.05.Practical implicationsBilging, bunkering, dumping of effluents and fish trawling activities constituted pollution in the waterway.Originality/valueAll data relating the physicochemical parameters of the waterway were generated from laboratory analyses by the authors.
How do small business owners manage working capital in an emerging economy?
Authors: Orobia Laura A. , Byabashaija Warren , Munene John C. , Sejjaaka Samuel K. , Musinguzi Dan 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the actions owner‐managers of small businesses undertake in managing working capital.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted an exploratory research design. The point of saturation was achieved after ten owner‐managers were interviewed. Data were analyzed using content analysis technique with the aid of NVivo software. Verbatim texts were used to explain the emergent themes.FindingsThe findings indicate that in the absence of systems, structures and procedures, small business owner‐managers intuitively plan, monitor and control their working capital. The activities undertaken include; reliance on memory and oral agreements, informal planning, assuming inventory limits, unconventional record keeping, cash flow based information management and giving credit to close associates.Research limitations/implicationsA more detailed investigation of the steps in the action sequence ma y advance our understanding of the process. Future studies need to test the effect of personal characteristics on working capital management process.Practical implicationsOwner‐managers of small businesses do not require the same degree of sophistication employed in planning, monitoring and controlling working capital. They require soft skills. Therefore, academicians, practitioners and policy makers need to emphasize knowledge management and cash accounting.Originality/valueThis study examines the process perspective of working capital management, an aspect that has not been adequately highlighted in previous studies.
Path‐dependencies, constrained transformations and dynamic agency
Authors: Rautiainen Antti , Scapens Robert W. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the compatibility of actor network theory (ANT) and new institutional sociology (NIS) in analysing a case study of accounting change.Design/methodology/approachThis is an interpretive case study.FindingsThe Finnish case city experienced several path‐dependent changes concerning performance measurement (PM), financial reporting and the adoption of enterprise resource planning system (ERP). New tools such as the ERP have a potential to transform the actors and to change the agency of the actors. Furthermore, the concepts drawing on both ANT and NIS can together enrich analyses of accounting changes.Research limitations/implicationsThe case analysis suggests guidelines for using ANT and/or NIS in accounting studies.Practical implicationsUnderstanding accounting developments as an intentional and path‐dependent process affected and constrained bycomplexnetworks, pressures and actors should contribute to better management of accounting changes.Originality/valueBeing informed by both ANT and NIS improves our understanding of accounting change and stability, serendipity, practice variations, changes beyond the minimum required to satisfy external requirements, and of the continued use of some accounting tools despite their limited functionality. Furthermore, we introduce the concepts dynamic agency and constrained transformation for studies of accounting change.
Paying for Pipes, Claiming Citizenship: Political Agency and Water Reforms at the Urban Periphery
Authors: Ranganathan Malini 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article interrogates the nature of political agency deployed at sites of market‐oriented water reforms. It presents a case study from Bangalore, India of a water project mandating significant ‘beneficiary’ cash contributions from lower‐middle‐class dwellers for the capital cost of extending piped water to the city's peripheries. Drawing on quantitative and ethnographic data, it illustrates why property owners who lack formal water access and land tenure — groups referred to in this article as the ‘peripheralized middle class’ — consent to paying for pipes rather than resist all together despite the high cost involved. It argues that far from reflecting an internalization of a ‘willingness to pay’ or ‘stakeholder’ ethos celebrated by development practitioners today, payment for water provides an insurgent means to bargain for greater symbolic recognition, respectability and material benefits from the state. In particular, payment for pipes enables peripheral dwellers to strengthen their claims to secure land tenure in an era of exclusionary and punitive spatial policies. Payment thus comprises a terrain of contested meaning making and political struggle, at the heart of which lie the stakes of urban citizenship. In documenting the process by which property related interests and tenure claims are advanced under a scenario of reforms, this article contributes to Gramscian political‐ecological conversations on subaltern political agency and the lived character of hegemony in urban environments.
Lay people in court: the experience of defendants, eyewitnesses and victims
Authors: Fielding Nigel G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe article considers the effect of criminal trial procedures on the experience at court of victims, witnesses and defendants. Trials for offences involving physical violence were observed, and interviews conducted with those involved. The article highlights communication problems lay people encountered relating to courtroom conventions, discusses alternative procedures granting more room for narrative testimony, and draws parallels between such an approach and principles of research methods directed to securing valid, reliable data.
How fair is access to more prestigious UK universities?
Authors: Boliver Vikki 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNow that most UK universities have increased their tuition fees to £9,000 a year and are implementing new Access Agreements as required by the Office for Fair Access, it has never been more important to examine the extent of fair access to UK higher education and to more prestigious UK universities in particular. This paper uses Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) data for the period 1996 to 2006 to explore the extent of fair access to prestigious Russell Group universities, where ‘fair’ is taken to mean equal rates of making applications to and receiving offers of admission from these universities on the part of those who are equally qualified to enter them. The empirical findings show that access to Russell Group universities is far from fair in this sense and that little changed following the introduction of tuition fees in 1998 and their initial increase to £3,000 a year in 2006. Throughout this period, UCAS applicants from lower class backgrounds and from state schools remained much less likely to apply to Russell Group universities than their comparably qualified counterparts from higher class backgrounds and private schools, while Russell Group applicants from state schools and from Black and Asian ethnic backgrounds remained much less likely to receive offers of admission from Russell Group universities in comparison with their equivalently qualified peers from private schools and the White ethnic group.
The role of independent regulators in policy making: Venue‐shopping and framing strategies in the EU regulation of old wives cures
Authors: Littoz‐Monnet Annabelle 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article addresses debates on the formulation of public policy, building upon a body of literature which has focused on the interconnectedness between the venues of policy action and the way issues are defined. It does so by focusing on the strategic role of policy actors in a policy subfield and their attempts at manipulating either frames or venues in order to shape policy. The novelty here consists in pointing to the involvement of regulators in such strategic action. An emerging body of research has indeed shown that the activity of formally independent regulators is not necessarily limited to the implementation of delegated regulatory competencies and that they are increasingly engaged in policy‐making activities. Thus, by resorting to the agenda‐setting and framing literature, the article sheds light on novel pathways through which regulators intervene in policy‐making activities, making a claim that they have very good ‘tools’ at their disposal in order to shape policy. These dynamics are examined in the case of the last piece of the EU's pharmaceutical framework – the 2004 Directive on Traditional Herbal Medicines – which provoked intense debate among manufacturers of herbals, retailers, consumers, and both EU‐level and domestic‐level regulatory authorities.
Using movement ecology to inform translocation efforts: a case study with an endangered lekking bird species
Authors: Kemink K. M. , Kesler D. C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTranslocation projects are often hindered by frequent or long‐distance movements made by released animals. Studies identifying how and why animals move after release can inform future translocations and supplement the growing body of literature on translocation biology. We used radiotelemetry to compare movement behavior in 58 resident and 54 translocated endangered greater prairie‐chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) that were collected approximately 500 km from the release area. Translocated birds tended to traverse larger areas than resident birds and their movements were elevated immediately following release. We found no evidence of directional orientation in the movements of translocated birds, and thus concluded that prairie‐chickens were not homing toward their original capture locations. Rather, post‐translocation movements of greater prairie‐chickens were more likely associated with exploration. Our results also suggested that 54% of translocated females and 19% of translocated males may permanently emigrate from a release site. We recommend that greater prairie‐chicken conservationists consider summer releases and larger release cohorts to account for the individuals that emigrate from the establishment site. Based on our findings, we further suggest that a greater number of future translocation projects consider the utility of evaluating post‐release movements as a means of informing translocation decisions.
Impact of tobacco control policies on adolescent smoking: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Song‐Lih , Lin I‐Feng , Chen Chuan‐Yu , Tsai Tzu‐I 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimsTo assess the impact of a set of comprehensive tobacco control policies implemented in Taiwan in 2009, including extensive smoke‐free policy, advertisement ban, pictorial warning and price increase, on adolescent smoking prevalence.DesignFive waves of cross‐sectional surveys.SettingTaiwan, 2004–11.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of junior high schools aged 13–15 years, in a biennial survey, total sample size 101 100.MeasuresCore questionnaire of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, including ever smoking, 30‐day smoking and number of cigarettes smoked. The magnitude of prevalence change before and after the 2009 policy implementation was quantified by adjusted odds ratios estimated by piecewise logistic regression models.FindingsThe 30‐day smoking prevalence demonstrated an upward trend [odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–1.10] between 2004 and 2008. Significant decline in 30‐day smoking prevalence after the 2009 law implementation was observed (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.71–0.99). Those living in non‐city areas demonstrated a greater magnitude of change. In addition to changes in prevalence, we observed some delay in the age starting smoking, reduction in smokers who smoke fewer than one cigarette per day, and decrease in smokers who did not buy cigarettes. The decline in smoking prevalence was contributed primarily by the reduction in experimenters.ConclusionThe comprehensive tobacco control programme introduced in Taiwan in 2009 was associated with a reduction in adolescent smoking, particularly among those in earlier stages of smoking and those who resided in non‐city areas.
Current status of robot‐assisted laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy: A comprehensive review
Authors: Lai Eric CH , Tang Chung Ngai 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis article reviews the current status of robot‐assisted laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy.MethodSearches of MEDLINE and PubMed databases were conducted using the keywords “laparoscopic pancreatectomy,” “robotic surgery,” “pancreaticoduodenectomy” and “distal pancreatectomy” to find articles published between January 1990 and September 2012. Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references in key articles.ResultsOnly cases reports, cohort series and nonrandomized comparative studies were available to validate the outcomes of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy. There was no randomized controlled trial comparing the robotic approach to the laparoscopic or open approach. To the best of our knowledge, only four studies have compared the robotic approach and the open approach for pancreaticoduodenectomy, and four studies have been published comparing the robotic approach and the laparoscopic approach for distal pancreatectomy. The data were difficult to interpret because of the heterogeneity of the pathologies and techniques used. Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy for appropriately selected patients can be performed safely, with postoperative complication rates and mortality rate comparable to results observed with laparoscopic or open techniques. Robotic surgical systems also seem to improve the spleen‐preservation rate in distal pancreatectomy. The oncologic outcomes have not yet been adequately evaluated.ConclusionsRobotic pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy are safe and feasible in appropriately selected patients. However, because of uncertainties regarding long‐term oncologic outcome, caution should be exercised in assessing the appropriateness of this operation for individual patients. Further randomized and controlled studies are required to support the routine use of the robotic technology for pancreatectomy.
Conditional survival after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC): changes in future survival probability over time
Authors: Bianchi Marco , Becker Andreas , Hansen Jens , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Tian Zhe , Abdollah Firas , Briganti Alberto , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Perrotte Paul , Montorsi Francesco , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Sun Maxine 
Published: May 2013

Objective
To examine the impact of length of survival on future survival probability, otherwise known as the effect of conditional survival (CS), after nephrectomy (NT) in patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Patients and Methods
Overall, 42 090 patients with RCC who underwent NT were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1988–2008).
Based on cumulative survival estimates, CS rates were derived according to patient and disease characteristics.
Separate multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed for the prediction of cancer‐specific mortality (CSM), according to 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 4‐ and 5‐year survival postoperatively.
Results
Immediately after surgery, the 5‐year cancer‐specific survival rate was 83.5%. Amongst patients who survived ≥1, ≥2, ≥3, ≥4, and ≥5 years after NT, the probability rates for surviving an additional 5 years were 87.0, 89.6, 90.9, 92.0 and 92.3%, respectively. Provided that patients survived 1 and 2 years after NT, the probability of being CSM‐free for another 5 years increased by +4.1 and 4.3% for stage III and +12.9 and 10.3% for stage IV disease, respectively.
Similar observations were recorded for patient age, grade, nodal stage and tumour size, and were confirmed upon multivariable analyses.
Conclusion
Survival probabilities vary according to length of survival after NT. Specifically, even amongst patients with more advanced disease at surgery, a more favourable prognosis can be achieved after surviving for 1–2 years.
Transperineal template‐guided saturation biopsy using a modified technique: outcome of 270 cases requiring repeat prostate biopsy
Authors: Ekwueme Kingsley , Simpson Helen , Zakhour Hani , Parr Nigel J. 
Published: May 2013

Objectives
To determine the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa), and pathological grade and location of PCa, using a modified transperineal template‐guided saturation biopsy (TTSB).
To compare the acute urinary retention (AUR) rate found using modified TTSB with that of published reports.
Patients and Methods
A total of 270 consecutive patients with persistent clinical suspicion of PCa, despite a median (range) of 2 (1–6) sets of negative transrectal ultrasonography‐guided biopsies, were enrolled and prospectively studied.
All underwent modified TTSB avoiding the peri‐urethral area at the base of the prostate under general anaesthesia.
Statistical analysis was performed using binary logistic regression to determine the prebiopsy predictors of PCa and AUR.
Results
The median (range) patient age was 64 (43–85) years, with a median (range) prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) of 10 (1–114) ng/mL and median (range) prostate volume of 45 (17–106) mL. A mean (range) of 28 (16–43) cores were taken at modified TTSB.
Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 54.8% (Gleason scores 6 in 27.7%, 7 in 43.2%, 8–10 in 29.1% of patients).
The anterior third only was involved in 21%, the middle third in 6.8% and the posterior third in 8.7% of positive cases, although in 75% of positive cases there was some anterior involvement. Comparing uniquely anterior tumours with the 15.5% found uniquely in either the middle or posterior thirds, there was no significant difference between number of positive cores (2 vs 1, P = 0.091), maximum percentage core involvement (30 vs 17.5%, P = 0.315) and maximum tumour length (3.5 vs 2 mm, P = 0.092).
Fourteen patients (5.2%) developed AUR.
On multivariate analysis, PSA density (PSAD) and pre‐TTSB PSA predicted PCa diagnosis, whilst prostate volume, prebiopsy PSA and PSAD predicted AUR.
Conclusions
Modified TTSB has a high cancer yield, especially in the anterior region, in patients with previously negative histology but onward suspicion of PCa.
The modified TTSB technique provides a low risk of AUR without compromising cancer yield.
Spinal actions of ω‐conotoxins, CVID, MVIIA and related peptides in a rat neuropathic pain model
Authors: Jayamanne A , Jeong H J , Schroeder C I , Lewis R J , Christie M J , Vaughan C W 
Published: May 2013

Background and PurposeAntagonists of the N‐type voltage gated calcium channel (VGCC), Cav2.2, have a potentially important role in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. ω‐conotoxins, such MVIIA and CVID are effective in neuropathic pain models. CVID is reported to have a greater therapeutic index than MVIIA in neuropathic pain models, and it has been suggested that this is due to faster reversibility of binding, but it is not known whether this can be improved further.Experimental ApproachWe examined the potency of CVID, MVIIA and two intermediate hybrids ([K10R]CVID and [R10K]MVIIA) to reverse signs of neuropathic pain in a rat nerve ligation model in parallel with production of side effects. We also examined the potency and reversibility to inhibit primary afferent synaptic neurotransmission in rat spinal cord slices.Key ResultsAll ω‐conotoxins produced dose‐dependent reduction in mechanical allodynia. They also produced side effects on the rotarod test and in a visual side‐effect score. CVID displayed a marginally better therapeutic index than MVIIA. The hybrids had a lesser effect in the rotarod test than either of their parent peptides. Finally, the conotoxins all presynaptically inhibited excitatory synaptic neurotransmission into the dorsal horn and displayed recovery that was largely dependent upon the magnitude of inhibition and not the conotoxin type.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese findings indicate that CVID provides only a marginal improvement over MVIIA in a preclinical model of neuropathic pain, which appears to be unrelated to reversibility from binding. Hybrids of these conotoxins might provide viable alternative treatments.