bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of the Saprophytic Strain of MC‐3 and Participation of the Cell Surface Structure in Predation
Authors: Takubo Yoshihiro , Nishimura Yoshie , Zytoon Eiman M. , Nishihara Tsutomu , Kondo Masaomi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFrom a predatory bacterium, MC‐3, a mutant strain which lost predation ability was isolated by chance selection. Biological properties of the mutant were the same as the parent except only saprophytic property. Properties of the parent and the mutant strains of MC‐3, such as bacteriolytic activity of the culture supernatant, digestion of peptidoglycan of the host bacteria, and growth by utilizing the host cells or their cytoplasmic substances, suggested that cell surface structure of the host cell plays an important role in predation and host specificity.
Specificity of Salmonella Porin as an Eliciting Antigen for Cell‐Mediated Immunity (CMI) Reaction in Murine Salmonellosis
Authors: Matsui Katsuhiko , Arai Toshihiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe specificities of Salmonella porin on elicitations of delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) production in BALB/c mice immunized with Salmonella typhimurium were examined. Only porin from S. typhimurium was capable of eliciting significant levels of DTH and IL‐2 production in S. typhimurium‐immunized mice, whereas no significant DTH and IL‐2 production were induced by porin from Salmonella enteritidis or Escherichia coli. Our observations suggested that Salmonella porin was a serovar‐specific antigen for the elicitation of cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) in salmonellosis.
Granuloma‐Forming Activity and Antitumor Activity of Newly Isolated Mycoloyl Glycolipid from Rhodococcus terrae 70012 (Rt. GM‐2)
Authors: Natsuhara Yayoi , Yoshinaga Junji , Shogaki Takeshi , Sumi‐Nishikawa Yukie , Kurano Satoko , Kato Yoshiko , Kaneda Kenji , Oka Shiro , Yano Ikuya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA newly isolated mycoloyl glycolipid (Rt. GM‐2) from Rhodococcus terrae 70012 was identified and the granulomagenic and antitumor activities were studied as compared with trehalose‐6,6′‐dimycolate (cord factor) also from R. terrae (Rt. TDM). The alkaline hydrolysis products of Rt. GM‐2 contained trehalose, methyl‐α‐mycolate and a less‐polar ester than the usual methyl‐α‐mycolate, possibly β‐keto mycolate (1: 1: 1, by mol. ratios). On the other hand, analysis of alditol acetate obtained after the mild permethylation, NaBH4 reduction, and acetylation showed the occurrence of 2,3,4‐tri‐O‐methyl‐6‐O‐acetylglucitol. Therefore, the original glycolipid (Rt. GM‐2) was identified tentatively as 6‐O‐α‐mycoloyl 6′‐O‐β‐ketomy‐coloyl trehalose. Intravenous injection of Rt. GM‐2 in the form of water‐in‐oil‐in‐water emulsion caused prominent granulomas in lungs and spleen of ICR and BALB/c mice. The granulomagenic effects were as strong as those caused by Rt. TDM. The lung and spleen weights reached peaks one week after an injection of Rt. GM‐2 in mice and then gradually decreased. Multiple intravenous injections of Rt. GM‐2 and Rt. TDM showed antitumor activity against subcutaneously implanted Sarcoma‐180, and caused prominent granulomatous changes and growth suppression of mice.
Pili of Aeromonas hydrophila: Purification, Characterization, and Biological Role
Authors: Honma Yasuko , Nakasone Noboru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAeromonas hydrophila (Ae6) has 2 morphologically distinctive kinds of pili. One appeared rigid, channeled, and straight with a diameter of 9 nm (Ae6‐R pili). The other looked flexible, wavy, and having helical structure with a diameter of 7 nm (Ae6‐W pili). Ae6‐R pili were purified and characterized. The pili consisted of a subunit protein with a molecular weight of 18 kDa as estimated by SDS‐PAGE, and contained 42.3% hydrophobic amino acids and one cysteine residue. The pilus was solubilized to 18 kDa subunit protein by 2‐mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, hydrochloric acid, or heating at 120 C for 5 min. The organism Ae6 was strongly adhesive to rabbit intestines as well as human intestines, and agglutinated erythrocytes. Anti‐pili antibody (Fab fraction) did not block the adhesion. Purified Ae6‐R pili did not adhere to the intestine or to the erythrocytes. However, the anti‐pili Fab inhibited pellicle formation of the organisms cultured in broth, and also inhibited salt agglutination with ammonium sulfate. From these results, Ae6‐R pili are not likely a colonization factor but probably play a role in the autoaggregation of the organisms.
Comparative Evaluation on Mouse Nasal Immunogenicity of Arylmethane‐, Xanthene‐, Quinone‐Imine‐, and Acridine‐Dye‐Inactivated Sendai Virus Vaccines
Authors: Miyamae Takeo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwenty‐seven kinds of organic dye‐inactivated Sendai virus vaccines were prepared by treatment in dark at 23 C for 2 months or more, and selected with the high HA titers as a guide. Their nasal immunogenicities were examined in mice by contact infection and immunofluorescent method, and the relative merits of the dye‐inactivants were determined. The strongest protection was elicited with acriflavine‐. auramine O‐, eosin Y‐, neutral red‐, night blue‐, patent blue V‐, thymol blue‐. uranin‐, and xylene cyanol FF‐treated vaccines. Middling protective efficacy was induced by use of erio green B‐, malachite green‐, methyl green‐, proflavine‐, pyronin B‐, and thionin‐inactivated vaccines. Dye‐inactivated vaccines that resulted in the weakest protection were Bindschedler's green‐, bromothymol blue‐, erythrosin B‐, ethyl violet‐, gallein‐, light green SF yellowish‐, methyl violet‐, new methylene blue N‐, phenol red‐, rhodamine 6G‐, spirit blue‐ and victoria blue B‐treated ones. Serum HI titers developed by nasal vaccination were variable, and rose still more in most vaccinated groups postexposure. Elicitation of the most effective nasal immunogenicity in dye‐inactivated vaccines appeared to depend on selective modification of capsid protein or ribose in viral core with dyes possessing definite functions, despite the different molecular structures.
Drug Susceptibilities of Isolates of Varicella‐Zoster Virus in a Clinical Study of Oral Brovavir
Authors: Machida Haruhiko , Nishitani Makiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSusceptibilities to brovavir [l‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl‐E‐5‐(2‐bromovinyl)‐uracil] and acyclovir of clinical isolates of varicella‐zoster virus obtained from 58 patients with herpes zoster, included in a clinical trial of oral brovavir, were tested by a plaque reduction method. All 101 isolates were significantly susceptible to brovavir; 50% effective dose of brovavir for these isolates ranged between 0.6‐4.0 ng/ ml (average: 1.29 ng/ml). Brovavir was about 3,000 times more potent than acyclovir against these isolates. No marked change in the susceptibility of isolates from these patients during treatment with brovavir was observed.
Rapid Small‐Scale Preparation Method of Cell Surface Polysaccharides
Authors: Sugiyama Tsuyoshi , Kido Nobuo , Arakawa Yoshichika , Mori Masashi , Naito Setsuko , Ohta Michio , Kato Nobuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA rapid small‐scale method of extraction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and capsular polysaccharides was developed for the purpose of identification of chemotypes of LPS and serotypes of capsular antigens. Cell surface polysaccharides were prepared within less than 2 hr from 1.5 ml of broth or suspension of colonies cultured overnight. The preparations were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for LPS, and by double diffusiori gel precipitation (Ouchterlony) test and blotting to nitrocellulose membrane for capsular polysaccharide. The analyses with the preparations obtained by the method could provide adequate results capable of identifying chemotypes of LPS and serotypes of capsular antigens.
Effect of Tween 80 on the Growth of Mycobacterium avium Complex
Authors: Masaki Shunichiro , Sugimori Giichi , Okamoto Atuko , Imose Jun , Hayashi Yoshiyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of Tween 80 on the growth of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in liquid culture condition was investigated. Observation of the colony‐forming units (CFU) and the morphology of MAC with transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed that Tween 80 at 0.05% in the medium (ca. 0.5 mg/ml) had bacteriostatic action and caused cell elongation. Tween 80 at 0.5% or more in the medium (ca. 5 mg/ml) reduced the quantity of MAC glycolipids and also led to false positive or positive results in biochemical tests for mycobacterial identification using nitrate reductase, urease, or arylsulfatase. To determine whether or not surfactants could reduce the MAC permeability barrier, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antituberculosis drugs on MAC was determined in liquid medium with or without several kinds of surfactants including Tween 80. Five surfactants including Tween 80 increased the activity of antituberculosis drugs to MAC. These findings suggest that Tween 80 acts directly on the cell wall of MAC.
Detection of Common Flagella Antigen in Bacillus cereus by Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Mikami Takeshi , Hiraoka Kenji , Murakami Tomonori , Boon‐Long Jotica , Matsumoto Tatsuji , Suzuki Masuko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBacillus cereus has been classified into 23 types by immunochemical analyses of flagella antigen, but a common antigenic determinant of flagella had not been determined. When the immunochemical method of classification had changed from “agglutination method” to “enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),” the cross‐reactivity between each flagella type was increased. These results indicated that the application of ELISA method would enable detection of the common antigenic determinant of B. cereus. Therefore, we attempted to make monoclonal antibody against common flagella antigen that could be detected by ELISA. Monoclonal antibody provided was specific for B. cereus (H‐1 to H‐23) and did not show the cross‐reactivity with Escherichia coli NIH and Bacillus subtilis.
A Nosocomial Outbreak of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis due to Adenovirus Type 37
Authors: Takeuchi Rie , Nomura Yasuhiro , Kojima Motoyoshi , Uchio Eiichi , Kobayashi Nobuyoshi , Matumoto Minoru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis occurred at the department of ophthalmology of a hospital in Yokohama, involving 14 inpatients, 12 outpatients, and 2 doctors. Adenovirus type 37 (Ad‐37) was isolated from the conjunctival swab in 12 of 18 cases. In neutralization tests, the isolates showed some cross‐reaction with adenovirus type 19 (Ad‐19). The Ad‐37 isolates were indistinguishable from each other and from the prototype Ad‐37, but distinct from the prototype Ad‐19 in the restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA.
Pili of an Aeromonas hydrophila Strain as a Possible Colonization Factor
Authors: Hokama Akira , Honma Yasuko , Nakasone Noboru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAeromonas hydrophila Ae6 had 2 morphologically distinctive kinds of pili. One appeared rigid and straight with a diameter of 9 nm (R‐pili). The other appeared wavy and flexible with a diameter of 7 nm (W‐pili). W‐pili were very few on the cell as compared with R‐pili. In this study, W‐pili were purified and characterized. The pili consisted of a subunit protein with a molecular weight of 21 kDa as estimated by SDS‐PAGE. There was no immunological cross‐reaction between W‐pili and other cellular components. The strain Ae6 and its purified W‐pili adhered to human and rabbit intestine and agglutinated human and rabbit erythrocytes. Organisms pretreated with the Fab fraction of anti‐pilus antibody failed to adhere to the intestine. Pretreatment of intestine with purified W‐pili blocked adherence of the organisms to the intestine. These results suggest that the W‐pili are the colonization factor of A. hydrophila Ae6.
Electron Microscopic Observation of Branhamella catarrhalis
Authors: Ahmed Kamruddin , Rikitomi Naoto , Nagatake Tsuyoshi , Matsumoto Keizo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe hemagglutination (HA) test was done on 85 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis, isolated from sputum of patients with respiratory infections; 53% were HA positive strains. Three HA positive and three HA negative strains were selected and were observed under the electron microscope. The bacterial cell wall appeared to be lobulated and its total thickness was about 38 nm. The nuclear region consisted of whorls or fibrils and dense bodies. Five strains were fimbriated and one strain was nonfimbriated. The size of fimbriae was about 68 nm in length and 4.5 nm in width. The fimbriae of Branhamella catarrhalis were densely arranged and peritrichous in distribution. There was no change of fimbriation between broth and agar cultures.
Studies on the Relationship between Serum Colloidal Reactions (ZTT and TTT) and IgG Subclasses, Especially IgG1 and IgG2
Authors: Miyagawa Nobuyuki , Okamoto Yasuyuki , Morita Keiko , Dohi Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe relationship between zinc sulfate turbidity test (ZTT) and thymol turbidity test (TTT), and IgG subclasses, especially IgG1 and IgG2, was studied. Serum colloidal reactions of specimens from patients with IgG‐myeloma usually show abnormally high values in ZTT and low values in TTT. But in some cases. values in ZTT and TTT are both low, and in a few cases both values are abnormally high. In order to see the reason why IgG‐myelomas are classified into these three groups according to serum colloidal reactions, IgG subclasses of monoclonal proteins (MPs) isolated by zone electrophoresis were determined by immunodiffusion with anti IgG‐subclasses. Results revealed that IgG1‐myeloma showed high ZTT and low TTT and IgG2‐myeloma showed low ZTT and TTT. Only two out of our 29 cases with IgG‐myeloma showed high ZTT and TTT. MP from one of them belonged to IgG1‐k and that from the other to IgG2‐λ. We checked the relationship between turbidity tests and electrophoretic mobility of MP and also that between these tests and L‐chains' type of MP, but did not find any relationship between them. These findings suggest that IgG1 innately reacts with ZTT but not with TTT, while IgG2 does not react with any of these tests. MP from cases showing high values in both ZTT and TTT may have a special idiotype.
Production of H2O2 by Alveolar Macrophages in Experimental Allergic Alveolitis
Authors: Tremblay Guy , Thibault Sylvie , Cormier Yvon 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExperimental extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) was induced in guinea pigs with Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula. Bronchoalveolar lavages were performed before inducing EAA (day 1, BAL 1), on day 23 (BAL 2), and on day 48 (BAL 3). The number of cells/ml in lavage fluid was increased at BAL 2 (4.79 × 106) and BAL 3 (4.29 × 106) compared with BAL 1 (0.56 × 106). The number of major cell types increased simultaneously, neutrophil becoming the predominant cell type over alveolar macrophages (AM). The production of H2O2 by AM was measured at the different phases of EAA. Adherent AM were either non‐stimulated or triggered with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), zymosan, S. rectivirgula opsonized with normal guinea pig serum (SRNS), or S. rectivirgula opsonized with guinea pig anti‐S. rectivirgula serum (SRAS). Stimulated AM produced larger quantities of H2O2 than unstimulated cells, PMA being the most potent stimulus. At day 1, AM stimulated with S. rectivirgula and zymosan produced similar quantities of H2O2. After the induction of the disease, AM stimulated with S. rectivirgula produced larger quantities of H2O2 than with zymosan. Production of H2O2 by AM stimulated with S. rectivirgula or PMA, respectively, stayed the same at day 1 and 23, but increased sharply for both stimuli at day 48. There was no difference between H2O2 production by AM triggered with SRNS or with SRAS. This study shows that: 1) H2O2 production is enhanced, especially by the offending agent, in the course of the disease; 2) the enhanced production of H2O2 by AM is preceded by the development of alveolitis; and, 3) the opsonization with specific antibodies does not enhance the avidity of AM for the antigen.
Mycolic Acid‐Containing Glycolipid as a Possible Virulence Factor of Rhodococcus equi for Mice
Authors: Gotoh Kohkichi , Mitsuyama Masao , Imaizumi Sadao , Kawamura Ikuo , Yano Ikuya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBy the use of various Rhodococcus equi strains differing in the length of carbon chains of glycolipid, we examined whether the glycolipid, glucose mono‐mycolate, was contributing to the virulence of R. equi for mice. R. equi strains with longer carbon chain mycolic acid showed a higher virulence as determined by lethality and granuloma formation in mice than those with shorter ones. When purified glycolipid was injected into mice, granuloma formation and liver damage were most prominent with the glycolipid having longer carbon chain mycolic acid. Only a representative strain with longer carbon chain mycolic acid persisted in the spleen of mice after intravenous injection, while a strain with shorter carbon chain mycolic acid was readily eliminated. These results suggested that glycolipid was at least one of the virulence factors of R. equi and that the carbon chain length of mycolic acid might be critical in the expression of virulence.
Factors Influencing the in vitro Growth of Mycobacterium leprae: Effect of Sulfhydryl Compounds
Authors: Dhople Arvind Madhav , Lamoureux Laurie Christine 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn an attempt to determine the factors that influence the in vitro growth of Mycobacterium leprae in DH medium, the effects of sulfhydryl compounds were studied. Growth of M. leprae was monitored using two biochemical indicators. Only the sulfhydryl compounds, in reduced form, containing carboxyl group could support the growth of M. leprae. Higher cell yields were obtained when these sulfhydryl compounds were supplemented with dithiothreitol, presumable to keep the monothiols in reduced state during long incubation periods. Ascorbic acid could not replace dithiothreitol for this purpose. It is suggested that these carboxylated sulfhydryl compounds play a role in the metabolic activity of M. leprae along with maintaining low redox potential of the medium.
Establishment of a New Perchloric Acid Treatment Method to Allow Determination of the Total Endotoxin Content in Human Plasma by the Limulus Test and Clinical Application
Authors: Inada Katsuya , Endo Shigeatsu , Takahashi Kazuhiko , Suzuki Miyuki , Narita Tomofumi , Yoshida Toshimi , Suda Hidetoshi , Komuro Tetsuo , Yoshida Masao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe established a new method of plasma treatment for the removal of interfering factors in the plasma to allow detection of endotoxin by limulus test. The limulus test used was an endotoxin‐specific chromogenic test, the Endospecy test. Perchloric acid (PCA) treatment and centrifugation (PCA method) is usually used to remove interfering factors from plasma, with the precipitate being discarded and the supernatant used to detect endotoxin. As the solubilized precipitates of endotoxin‐spiked plasma and some patient plasma were found to contain the Endospecy activity, we have devised a new method assaying endotoxin in both the supernatant and precipitate. This study confirmed that the solubilized precipitate of endotoxin‐spiked plasma had Endospecy activity and found that the precipitate had other endotoxin activities, such as lethality in galactosamine‐sensitized mice and pyrogenicity in rabbits. We also confirmed that interfering factors were completely removed from plasma samples by this new method. The endotoxin level after the new PCA method was found to be about 8 times higher than that determined after PCA treatment and the new PCA method surpasses the conventional PCA method with regard to the positive rate of endotoxin contents in clinical samples. These results indicate that the new PCA method is superior to the PCA method as a plasma pretreatment method for limulus test.
The Analysis of the Defense Mechanism against Indigenous Bacterial Translocation in X‐Irradiated Mice
Authors: Kobayashi Toshiya , Ohmori Toshihiro , Yanai Minoru , Kawanishi Gosei , Mitsuyama Masao , Nomoto Kikuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe defense mechanism against indigenous bacterial translocation was studied using a model of endogenous infection in X‐irradiated mice. All mice irradiated with 9 Gy died from day 8 to day 15 after irradiation. The death of mice was observed in parallel with the appearance of bacteria from day 7 in various organs, and the causative agent was identified to be Escherichia coli, an indigenous bacterium translocating from the intestine. Decrease in the number of blood leukocytes, peritoneal cells and lymphocytes in Peyer's patches or mesenteric lymph nodes was observed as early as 1 day after irradiation with 6 or 9 Gy. The mitogenic response of lymphocytes from various lymphoid tissues was severely affected as well. The impairment of these parameters for host defense reached the peak 3 days after irradiation and there was no recovery. However, in vivo bactericidal activity of Kupffer cells in mice irradiated with 9 Gy was maintained in a normal level for a longer period. It was suggested that Kupffer cells play an important role in the defense against indigenous bacteria translocating from the intestine in mice.
Sensitivity of Bacteria to NaNO2 and to L‐Arginine‐Dependent System in Murine Macrophages
Authors: Saito Shinji , Onozuka Kazuyasu , Shinomiya Hiroto , Nakano Masayasu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSensitivity of bacteria to NO2‐/NO and to L‐arginine‐dependent system in murine macrophages was tested. The growth of all bacteria tested, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis, was significantly inhibited by NaNO2 at the concentration of 5 to 10 mM. However, L‐arginine‐dependent effector mechanism of LPS‐activated murine macrophages was ineffective in killing these bacteria. It seems that the concentration of NO2‐/NO in phagolysosome in the activated macrophages is insufficient to kill the bacteria in situ. We concluded that L‐arginine‐dependent effector mechanism can hardly work on bacteria killing in activated macrophages.
Bacterial ADP‐Ribosylating Toxins: Molecular Structures and Signal Transducing Functions
Authors: Kato Iwao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMono‐ADP‐ribosylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins employed by a variety of bacterial ADP‐ribosylating toxins to modify the metabolism of target cells. The ADP‐ribosyltransferases of bacterial toxins, in general, use NAD as a substrate for covalent modification by ADP‐ribose to certain GTP‐binding proteins (G proteins) as signal transducers resulting in altered enzymatic activity of the membrane enzymes as effectors. Such a mechanism has the potential of being of importance in the physiological regulation of cellular metabolism, particularly if the process is reversible. These ADP‐ribosylating toxins are characterized in Table 1.