bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linguistic Human Rights
Authors: Skutnabb-Kangas Tove 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGenuine peaceful contact presupposes a mutual will to try to understand the other party's signed or spoken signals and symbols; to accommodate, and to learn at least some of them (often using a pidgin, an auxiliary simplified language), or to learn a common lingua franca, foreign to both. For dominant groups, their own rights have often been, and still are, invisible: they take them for granted. Even today, this is one of the problems when discussing and trying to formulate linguistic/language rights (LRs). Dominant linguistic groups often feel a need to formally codify their language rights only when dominated groups, for example indigenous/tribal peoples, or minorities of various kinds (ITMs), start demanding LRs for themselves. Most people connect LRs mainly to ITMs, and most LRs are found among special minority or indigenous rights rather than general human rights (HRs). This article discusses LRs as HRs, LRs versus linguistic human rights (LHRs), LHRs for linguistic majorities and minorities, collective LHRs, justifications for LHRs, individual positive LHRs, and LHRs and the role of indigenous peoples.
The Language of Consent in Police Encounters
Authors: Nadler Janice , Trout J. D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article deals with public encounters between citizens and police officers in the United States, focusing on encounters in which police question and search citizens without probable cause or even reasonable suspicion of criminal activity. It argues that when police officers seek permission to conduct a search, citizens often feel enormous pressure to say yes. But in most criminal cases, judges do not acknowledge these pressures, generally choosing instead to spotlight the politeness and restraint of the officers' language and demeanor. The discussion begins by considering the practical importance of the consent search as a crime investigation tool, and then looks at legal standards for such searches, including the ‘free to terminate’ test. To appreciate the controlling power of language, it also discusses general pragmatics and its application to police encounters. The article concludes by describing pragmatics and police authority, and analyzes empirical evidence regarding the language of consent in police encounters.
Courtroom Discourse in China
Authors: Liao Meizhen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines courtroom discourse in China in terms of its three components: the contextual, the interactional, and the propositional. After briefly introducing the Chinese legal culture and system, it considers courtroom questioning and interaction patterns as well as a courtroom judgment. For the analysis of the interactional component, the article uses the transcription of a criminal trial involving a charge of destruction of private property. The data for the analysis of the propositional component is a judgment from a lower court in Shanghai. Courtroom discourse in the article means criminal courtroom discourse, rather than courtroom discourse in general. Fa and Li are two core concepts in traditional Chinese legal culture, and represent the debate between the doctrines of Legalism and Confucianism. The article also introduces some of the key points about judicial proceedings in China, along with courtroom judgment (sentencing).
Grammaticalization and generative grammar: a difficult liaison
Authors: van Gelderen Elly 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the relation between grammaticalisation and generative grammar. It describes the generative attitude towards historical linguistics in general and then to grammaticalisation in particular and describes what the locus of change is in a generative model. It reviews some early work on historical linguistics within generative grammar. It concludes that the child's innate principles are in fact responsible for grammaticalisation and that generative grammar can therefore gain much insight from grammaticalisation processes.
Grammaticalization and Cognitive Grammar
Authors: Langacker Ronald W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the relation between grammaticalisation and cognitive grammar. It explains that cognitive grammar has a natural affinity with grammaticalisation owing to some basic features of the framework. It suggests that cognitive grammar provides an appropriate and revealing framework for investigating grammaticalisation and other diachronic phenomena and argues that a full account of grammaticalisation requires explicit descriptions of the conceptual structures and grammatical constructions involved at every stage.
Grammaticalization and linguistic typology
Authors: Bisang Walter 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article considers grammaticalisation in relation to linguistic typology and presents topological studies of grammaticalisation. It addresses the question of how grammaticalisation is realized, a question that ultimately entails a typology of manifestations of grammaticalisation. It suggests that the processes of grammaticalisation are not cross-linguistically homogeneous because there is a certain degree of cross-linguistic variation concerning the interaction between pragmatics and form. It also argues that East and mainland Southeast Asian (EMSEA) languages represent a type of grammaticalisation that is characterized by its limited coevolution of meaning and form.
Grammaticalization and language acquisition
Authors: Diessel Holger 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article evaluates the relation between grammaticalisation and language acquisition. It compares several cases of grammaticalisation to the development of grammatical markers in child language and suggests that there are striking parallels in the semantic development of grammatical markers in ontogeny and diachrony. The findings reveal that there is no evidence that the acquisition of grammatical markers repeats the process of grammaticalisation or that the historical development of grammatical markers originates from changes in child language.
Grammaticalization and language change in the individual
Authors: Raumolin‐Brunberg Helena , Nurmi Arja 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article explores the importance of language change in the individual in grammaticalisation research. It provides a general discussion of the linguistic behaviour of individuals under change in progress, from both the cross-sectional and the longitudinal angles. It offers a detailed case study of three auxiliaries in the language of three English gentlemen around the turn of the seventeenth century. The analysis reveals a great deal of variation between individuals in terms of their participation in ongoing linguistic changes.
Grammaticalization in non‐standard varieties of English
Authors: Kortmann Bernd , Schneider Agnes 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article deals with grammaticalisation phenomena in non-standard varieties of the English language which are not found in spontaneous spoken varieties of Standard English. It aims to identify the wide range of interesting grammaticalisation phenomena to be observed in the non-standard (including contact) varieties of English. It investigates whether there are markedly different grammaticalisation patterns in spontaneous spoken non-standard varieties compared with what we know about (written and spoken) standard varieties of English and whether there are instances of grammaticalisation which operate on a global level in the Anglophone world.
The areal dimension of grammaticalization
Authors: Heine Bernd , Kuteva Tania 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article describes the areal dimension of grammaticalisation resulting from language contact. It shows that grammaticalisation is a ubiquitous process in language contact which may affect any part of language structure and exhibits the same format in all of its manifestations. It provides some examples of how languages have been influenced by other languages in developing new grammatical use patterns and categories. It investigates how grammaticalisation leads to a real relationship among languages by highlighting the notion of grammaticalization area.
The grammaticalization of passives
Authors: Wiemer Björn 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the grammaticalisation of the linguistic category of passives. It explains that the notion ‘passive’ comprises morphologically marked devices by which the highest-ranking or single argument of a predicate is syntactically demoted, while a lower-ranking argument can be promoted to a syntactically privileged position. It describes the diachronic relation between the foregrounding and backgrounding passives.
The grammaticalization of modality
Authors: Ziegeler Debra 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the grammaticalisation of linguistic modality. It discusses the grammaticalisation of modality in relation to its diachronic sense, using as an example the evolution of English modal verbs and then to its sense referring to the diverse synchronic representation of mood across languages today. It also considers the problems of defining the synchronic grammaticalization of modal categories in present-day typology and the pragmatic issues of the diachronic development of English modal verbs.
Grammaticalization in Turkic languages
Authors: Johanson Lars 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article presents an overview of grammaticalisation in Turkic languages. It provides examples of typical grammaticalisation processes observed in Turkic languages and explains that the present-day members of this language family can be divided into six branches. It discusses different sources of grammaticalisation in Turkic languages including unknown sources, nonverbal sources, and verbal sources.
Questions Left Unaddressed by Religious Familism: Is Spirituality Relevant to Nontraditional Families?
Authors: Mahoney Annette , Krumrei Elizabeth J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGiven the growing pluralism in family structures, this chapter highlights the role of religion and spirituality in the formation and maintenance of diverse types of families. We outline commonalities and differences that exist among major world religions about forming and maintaining family relationships. Consistent with the predominant conceptual model called religious familism, most research on faith and family life focuses on traditional families (i.e., married heterosexual couples with biological children). We summarize findings on these families that largely assess spirituality indirectly via markers of religious participation (e.g., religious affiliation, attendance, salience). We then review in more detail research on spirituality within nontraditional families, focusing on families comprised of cohabitating couples, same-sex couples, and single parenthood because these nontraditional families have received the most, albeit limited, empirical attention. Given evidence of the interdependence of religion and traditional family forms, research is needed to determine the relevance of spirituality for nontraditional families.
Translation of Eastern Meditative Disciplines Into Western Psychotherapy
Authors: Semple Randye J. , Hatt Sean P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter describes the history and influence of Buddhist meditative disciplines on Western psychotherapy. Beginning with an overview of Buddhist traditions, a brief discussion of some of the foundational tenets of Buddhist psychology is offered. An overview of the dialog between Buddhism and psychotherapy from the early 1900s to the present is traced. The shift from meditation as a spiritual discipline to mindfulness as a secular practice is explored. Four of the most widely studied and practiced mindfulness-oriented psychotherapies are described: mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). The chapter ends with an invitation to consider the reciprocal influence of meditation as a spiritual discipline and as a secular practice. What benefits might be realized by reevaluating the therapeutic secularization of these ancient and profound spiritual practices? We consider the desirability, form, and likelihood of a possible reintegration.
Spirituality and Recovery From Serious Mental Problems
Authors: Lukoff David 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter summarizes theory, research, and treatment regarding spirituality and recovery from serious mental problems (SMPs). The incorporation of spirituality into the recovery model was initiated by consumers starting in the 1970s and has become widely accepted in the United States and around the world. Support for this comes from research showing the generally beneficial effects of spirituality on health, including mental health problems; surveys documenting the role that spiritual beliefs and practices play in many who are recovering from SMPs; and the importance of religious coping for people facing serious health problems, including SMPs. Some successful therapeutic approaches for integrating spirituality into recovery are discussed.
Constructing the Connection Between Spirituality, Work, and Family
Authors: Richmond Lee Joyce 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe chapter is a discussion of the connection between spirituality, work, and family. First, an explanation is offered of how social change has necessitated a renaissance of interest in meaning and purpose. This is followed by an historical perspective of work from the standpoint of religion, culture, and psychology. Next, there is a brief introduction to the postmodern theories and definitions that make possible serious study of spirituality as it is perceived by individuals at home and at work. Practical issues that people face and their implications for therapy are illustrated. Finally, the importance to psychologists and psychotherapists of understanding the connection that exists between spirituality, work, and family is illustrated.
The Psychology of Near-Death Experiences and Spirituality
Authors: Greyson Bruce 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNear-death experiences (NDEs) occur in 10%–20% of people who come close to death, and they are similar to mystical experiences occurring in other settings. Their incidence and features are not influenced by prior religious beliefs, although cultural background may affect the interpretation of some of those features. However, NDEs profoundly influence one's subsequent sense of spirituality, leading to increased compassion, altruism, and sense of purpose in life, and to decreased fear of death, competitiveness, and materialistic interests. They do not necessarily lead to an increased involvement in organized religion but rather tend to foster an internal sense of connection to the divine and to something greater than the self. The mechanism by which NDEs bring about these changes is unclear, but it may be related to their inescapable challenge to the materialistic model of mind-brain identity and the implication that there is a spiritual component to humans that appears, under extreme circumstances, to function independent of the physical body.
Journey From a Materialist to a Postmaterialist Perspective—A Portrait
Authors: Sperry Len 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
It is not uncommon for the course of one's professional and personal life to evolve. Often this evolution involves significant changes in assumptions and premises about science and human nature. The career trajectory of a professional clinician and researcher is described in terms of three distinct phases: materialistic, dualistic, and postmaterialistic.
Food and the Annales School
Authors: Watts Sydney 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFood history emerged as a serious academic pursuit in the wake of a major reorientation in the field of history led by French scholars of the Annales School. Established in 1929 by French historians Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre, the Annales in 1929 was a ground-breaking journal dedicated to historical and contemporary research in economics and sociology. Although the Annales is not solely responsible for the rise of social history, its founders undertook ambitious studies focusing on historical standards of living, material lives, demographic trends, and mentalities of pre-modern peoples, a research interest which typically addressed the history of agriculture and problems of subsistence. This article explores how the Annales School has shaped the field of food history by looking at three significant"moments": agricultural patterns and cognitive frameworks of pre-modern societies, food production and food consumption as a foundation of social and economic life, and the history of cuisine through a cultural approach to taste and identity. The article concludes by assessing the influence of the Annales School on the history of food outside of France.
Labor Histories of Food
Authors: Deutsch Tracey 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFood and work are inextricably linked, but this relationship has never been straightforward. People have used a wide array of strategies to transform raw materials into food, and these strategies reflect the different social contexts and systems in which food has been eaten. This article explores the tremendous amount of labor necessary to produce food and establishes the central role of labor to studies of food history. It does so by focusing on food gathering, food production, and food consumption over time. after providing an overview of the early history of food work and the "commercial turn" that marked global food production and consumption beginning in the late middle ages, the article discusses three sites of food-related labor: the commercial world of food processing (especially manufacturing and retail), farms, and domestic spaces.
Cookbooks as Historical Documents
Authors: Albala Ken 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Historians use cookbooks as primary source documents in much the same way they use any written record of the past. A primary source is a text written by someone in the past, rather than a secondary source which is commentary by a historian upon the primary sources. As with any document, the historian must attempt to answer five basic questions of provenance and purpose if possible. Who wrote the cookbook? What was the intended audience? Where was it produced and when? Why was it written? There are ways the historian can read between the lines of the recipes, so to speak to answer questions that are not directly related to cooking or material culture but may deal with gender roles, issues of class, ethnicity and race. Even topics such as politics, religion and world view are revealed in the commentary found in cookbooks and sometimes embedded in what appears to be a simple recipe. The most valuable of cookbooks and related culinary texts also reveal what we might call complete food ideologies.
Culinary Tourism
Authors: Long Lucy M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA product of both world history and contemporary mass culture, culinary tourism is a scholarly field of study that is emerging as an important part of the tourism industry. Also known as gastronomic tourism, tasting tourism, and simply food tourism, culinary tourism refers to adventurous eating, eating out of curiosity, exploring other cultures through food, intentionally participating in the foodways of an Other, and the development of food as a tourist destination and attraction. In culinary tourism, the primary motivation for travel is to experience a specific food. Culinary tourism parallels the globalization of food production and consumption and reflects issues inherent in tourism. It has the potential to address some of the controversial issues in tourism in general, such as questions of authenticity, commodification of tradition, identity construction, intellectual property and intangible heritage, as well as the ecological, economic, and cultural sustainability of food cultures in response to tourism.
Food and Religion
Authors: Norman Corrie E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWhether it is Brahman cooking the world into existence or Adam and Eve being driven away from paradise because of an apple, food has allowed religious peoples to relate to their gods, each other, and the world. Through food, meaning can be made while making dinner, attending rituals such as Christian Communion and Hindu deity feedings, or eating everyday according to the kashrut or halal codes of Judaism and Islam. Today, food remains an important fixture in religious discourse. Mary Douglas&#x0027;s theories on the relationships of food and purity and particularly the social meanings encoded in Hebrew dietary laws have come to shape the study of food. They have even influenced the study of religion. One document of interest is the Encyclopedia of Religion. This chapter examines the relationship between food and religion, focusing on Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Judaism, and Christianity.
Food, Race, and Ethnicity
Authors: Chen Yong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFood is the most basic need of man. What we eat and how we eat is a reflection of our relationship with the natural environment. However, food is important not only as a physical necessity; it is also an indication of the multitude of relationships that we form with others as individuals, communities, and nations. Indeed, food has embedded political, socioeconomic, and cultural meaning. Modern racialization has been linked to connections between food, identity, and power. Mary Douglas has noted a distinction between "pure" and "polluted," one that establishes both the significance and the socially constructed nature of our ideas about the edibility of food. Drawing on both primary research and secondary sources, this article looks at the history of food and how it is connected with race and ethnicity in the United States. It also examines the colonial roots of American regional cooking, exclusion and assimilation of immigrants in nineteenth-century America, and racialization and inequality in American foodways in the twenty-first century.
Food and Social Movements
Authors: Belasco Warren 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSocial movements exist in three time zones—yesterday, today, and tomorrow. It is no surprising then that most people prefer to focus on matters of moment, especially when it comes to the food they eat, whose origins and consequences are far less immediate than the pleasures of the here-and-now. In this regard, food reformers are trying to complicate what is already a multifaceted process by which people choose what to eat. Daily food choices are determined in large part by an intricate consideration of taste versus convenience. Activists seek to impose a third, highly moralized and politicized factor to this interaction between taste and convenience: a sense of responsibility. When people experience bouts of intensified worrying, the archetypal stories about how they keep a plate clean are typically dusted off, only to be reissued later on. Eight of these storylines relate to the boycotter, the accountant or frugal parent, the survivalist, the yeoman farmer, the utopian communist, the pleasure artist, and the patriot.
The Novel As Board Game: Homiletic Identification and Forms of Interactive Narrative
Authors: Jackson Gregory S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines homiletic identification, forms of interactive narrative, and the conception of the novel as board game in the U.S.A. during the nineteenth century. It suggests that the success that many homiletic novels enjoyed among religious and secular communities highlights the degree to which allegedly anachronistic allegorical modes of understanding temporal and material details and events continue to structure supposedly secular reading practices. The article also discusses several homiletic novels including Louisa May Alcott's Little Women and Lew Wallace's Ben-Hur.