bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broad‐scale habitat classification variables predict maximum local abundance for native but not non‐native trout in New York streams
Authors: Alexiades Alexander V. , Fisher William L. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Predicting species distributions at the landscape level has many applications in fish ecology, management, and conservation, yet generating accurate predictions remains a challenge to fish ecologists. Areas of the landscape with higher environmental suitability should have higher relative abundance, although the predictive capability of this relationship might be limited because environmental suitability ignores other factors such as biotic interactions and stochastic events. These factors could contribute to a species being absent or at low abundance in a site with high environmental suitability.
Owing to the potential influence of non‐environmental and stochastic factors on relative abundance, modelled environmental suitability should be a better predictor of maximum abundance (i.e. the ceiling of scattered data) than mean relative abundance because ecosystem complexities often preclude a simple monotonic response.
To evaluate this assumption, environmental suitability was predicted for 55 944 stream reaches in New York State using native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and non‐native brown trout (Salmo trutta) occurrence data and a suite of four broad‐scale habitat factors. Estimates of suitability were then used to test the relationship with the upper limits of abundance using quantile regression.
As predicted, there was a significant positive relationship with maximum abundance for native brook trout at the upper quantiles; however, this relationship did not extend to non‐native brown trout. These findings indicate that broad‐scale habitat factors can predict maximum abundance of a native stream‐dwelling trout and produced environmental suitability maps that could be useful for brook trout conservation.
These findings could be used to predict trout occurrence in unsurveyed stream reaches with the highest abundance limits, which could be used to set conservation priorities and provide benchmarks of habitat potential for monitoring programmes as well as identify threats to environmental suitability from anthropogenic sources. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of ethanol on cell properties and steroid 1‐en‐dehydrogenation biotransformation of Arthrobacter simplex
Authors: Luo Jianmei , Ning Jing , Wang Yanxia , Cheng Yongxin , Zheng Yu , Shen Yanbing , Wang Min 
Published: June 2014

AbstractResting cells of Arthrobacter simplex with 1‐en‐dehydrogenation ability were prepared and treated by ethanol at subinhibitory concentrations (4%–15%, v/v), then added into the ethanol‐free system containing low concentration of cortisone acetate (1 g L−1) to produce prednisone acetate by C1,2 dehydrogenation reaction. Results showed that, within the range of ethanol concentration, the initial conversion rate was varied significantly with the concentration of ethanol and the maximum was obtained at 8% (v/v) ethanol, which was increased by 32.6% compared with the control. A series of cell features closely relevant to biotransformation efficiency were further analyzed. It indicated that ethanol acting on cell wall and membrane could be used as a mediator to enhance cell permeability, which facilitated the penetration of substrate across cell barrier within a short time, resulting in the elevated initial conversation rate. The observation of fatty acids composition suggested that the increased unsaturated fatty acids, especially cis‐isomers, in the presence of ethanol led to the disorganization of the native arrangement of lipids and thus increased cell permeability. Our findings demonstrated that another facilitation of ethanol was to promote substrate transport into cells by permeabilization, which would provide the guidance in the practical application of organic solvents in steroid biotransformation.
High production of succinyl isoflavone glycosides by Bacillus licheniformis ZSP01 resting cells in aqueous miscible organic medium
Authors: Zhang Sen , Chen Guoguang , Chu Jianlin , Wu Bin , He Bingfang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTo achieve efficient production of succinyldaidzin and succinylgenistin, resting cells of a solvent‐stable strain Bacillus licheniformis ZSP01 were used to react with pure isoflavones or soybean flour extract in a reaction medium with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. Strikingly, 0.8 mM daidzein, 0.8 mM genistein, 2.0 mM daidzin, and 2.0 mM genistin were transformed to succinyl isoflavone glycosides in 27 H (yield >90%). The soybean flour extract (6.1%, w/v) contained 0.32 mM daidzein, 0.84 mM daidzin, 0.38 mM genistein, and 1.04 mM genistin. Over 95% of total isoflavones (daidzein, daidzin, genistein, and genistin) in the soybean flour extract were converted to succinyl isoflavone glycosides after 27 H. Strain ZSP01 shows both high glycosylation and succinylation activities. These results suggest that B. licheniformis ZSP01 could be useful for the efficient production of succinyl soybean isoflavone glycosides.
Co‐opting biology to deliver drugs
Authors: Yousefpour Parisa , Chilkoti Ashutosh 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe goal of drug delivery is to improve the safety and therapeutic efficacy of drugs. This review focuses on delivery platforms that are either derived from endogenous pathways, long‐circulating biomolecules and cells or that piggyback onto long‐circulating biomolecules and cells. The first class of such platforms is protein‐based delivery systems—albumin, transferrin, and fusion to the Fc domain of antibodies—that have a long‐circulation half‐life and are designed to transport different molecules. The second class is lipid‐based delivery systems—lipoproteins and exosomes—that are naturally occurring circulating lipid particles. The third class is cell‐based delivery systems—erythrocytes, macrophages, and platelets—that have evolved, for reasons central to their function, to exhibit a long life‐time in the body. The last class is small molecule‐based delivery systems that include folic acid. This article reviews the biology of these systems, their application in drug delivery, and the promises and limitations of these endogenous systems for drug delivery. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1699–1716. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
150 Jahre Axolotl
Authors: Reiß Christian , Hoßfeld Uwe , Olsson Lennart 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDer mexikanische Axolotl hat eine lange Geschichte als Labortier. In den vergangenen 150 Jahren entwickelten sich diese Tiere von kolonialen Kuriositäten, die 1864 nach Paris kamen, zu einem wichtigen Organismus in der Evolutions‐ und Entwicklungsbiologie. Mittlerweile gibt es auf der ganzen Welt Millionen von Axolotln in Laboratorien und Heimaquarien, während der Lebensraum der Tiere in Mexiko immer weiter zurückgeht und die Spezies kurz vor dem Aussterben steht. In der Geschichte des Axolotls verbinden sich die Geschichte des Kolonialismus, des Aquariums und des Labors in der Zoologie mit der Naturgeschichte einer Spezies auf außergewöhnliche Art und Weise.
Nordosten der USA
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMillionen von Vögeln ziehen entlang der US‐Ostküste. Die Chesapeake Bay mit der Delmarva‐Halbinsel ist die größte Flussmündung in den USA und eine der bedeutendsten Naturlandschaften Nordamerikas. Dort liegen viele Naturschutzgebiete, die zu eigenen Beobachtungen einladen.
Neue Merkblattserie zur Pflege biologischer Schullehrsammlungen
Authors: Schmitz Gregor , Hahn Jörn 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObwohl biologische Präparate und Objekte von großem didaktischen Wert sind, befinden sich diese zum Teil sehr stückreichen Sammlungen oft in mangelhaften Zustand. Eine kostenlose Merkblattserie möchte Abhilfe schaffen.
Sex differences in the association between smoking and abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Stackelberg O , Björck M , Larsson S C , Orsini N , Wolk A 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
It is unclear whether recommendations about ultrasound screening programmes for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) among men should be extended to include women who smoke. The aim was to examine sex-specific dose–response associations between AAA risk and smoking status, pack-years smoked and time since smoking cessation.

Methods
Women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort and men in the Cohort of Swedish Men were followed up from 1998 to 2011. AAA was identified through linkage of the cohorts to the Swedish Inpatient Register and the Swedish National Register for Vascular Surgery (Swedvasc), and not through general ultrasound screening. Associations were estimated with Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
The cohorts included 35 550 women and 42 596 men, aged 46–84 years. During follow-up, AAA was identified in 199 women and 958 men. The incidence of AAA per 100 000 person-years was 76 among men who never smoked and 136 among women who currently smoke. Regarding AAA risk, women were more sensitive to current smoking (Pinteraction= 0·002). Compared with never smokers, the hazard ratio (HR) for AAA in current smokers with more than 20 pack-years was 10·97 (95 per cent confidence interval 7·41 to 16·26) among women and 6·55 (5·36 to 7·99) among men. Following smoking cessation, women had a more rapid decline in excess risk (Pinteraction &lt; 0·001). The risk was halved after 11 years (HR 0·51, 0·32 to 0·81) among women and after 23 years (HR 0·50, 0·42 to 0·60) among men.

Conclusion
There were sex differences in the associations between smoking status and AAA risk. These data support further investigation of targeted AAA screening among women who smoke.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for the prediction of morbidity risk after rectal cancer surgery
Authors: West M A , Parry M G , Lythgoe D , Barben C P , Kemp G J , Grocott M P W , Jack S 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
This study investigated the relationship between objectively measured physical fitness variables derived by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and in-hospital morbidity after rectal cancer surgery.

Methods
Patients scheduled for rectal cancer surgery underwent preoperative CPET (reported blind to patient characteristics) with recording of morbidity (recorded blind to CPET variables). Non-parametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between CPET variables and postoperative morbidity.

Results
Of 105 patients assessed, 95 (72 men) were included; ten patients had no surgery and were excluded (3 by choice, 7 owing to unresectable metastasis). Sixty-eight patients had received neoadjuvant treatment. ROC curve analysis of oxygen uptake (V˙o2) at estimated lactate threshold (θ^L) and peak V˙o2 gave an area under the ROC curve of 0·87 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·78 to 0·95; P &lt; 0·001) and 0·85 (0·77 to 0·93; P &lt; 0·001) respectively, indicating that they can help discriminate patients at risk of postoperative morbidity. The optimal cut-off points identified were 10·6 and 18·6 ml per kg per min for V˙o2 at θ^L and peak respectively.

Conclusion
CPET can help predict morbidity after rectal cancer surgery.
Clinical outcomes and quality of life 5 years after a randomized trial of concomitant or sequential phlebectomy following endovenous laser ablation for varicose veins
Authors: El-Sheikha J , Nandhra S , Carradice D , Wallace T , Samuel N , Smith G E , Chetter I C 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) is a popular treatment for superficial venous insufficiency. Debate continues regarding the optimal management of symptomatic varicose tributaries following ablation of the main saphenous trunk. This randomized trial compared the 5-year outcomes of endovenous laser therapy with ambulatory phlebectomy (EVLTAP) with concomitant ambulatory phlebectomy, and EVLA alone with sequential treatment if required following a delay of at least 6 weeks.

Methods
Patients undergoing EVLA for great saphenous vein insufficiency were randomized to receive EVLTAP or EVLA alone with sequential phlebectomy, if required. Outcomes included disease-specific quality of life (QoL) (Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire; AVVQ), requirement for secondary procedures, clinical severity (Venous Clinical Severity Score; VCSS), residual and recurrent varicose tributaries, and generic QoL. Patients were followed up for 5 years.

Results
Fifty patients were randomized equally into two parallel groups. The EVLTAP group had lower VCSS scores at 12 weeks (median 0 (i.q.r. 0–1) versus 2 (0–2); P &lt;0·001), and lower AVVQ scores at 6 weeks (median 7·9 (i.q.r. 4·1–10·7) versus 13·5 (10·9–18·1); P &lt; 0·001) and 12 weeks (2·0 (0·4–7·7) versus 9·6 (2·2–13·8); P = 0·015). VCSS and AVVQ scores were equivalent by 1 year, but only after 16 of 24 patients in the EVLA group, compared with one of 25 in the EVLTAP group (P &lt; 0·001), had received a secondary intervention. From 1 to 5 years both groups had equivalent outcomes.

Conclusion
EVLA with either concomitant or sequential management of tributaries is acceptable treatment for symptomatic varicose veins, with both treatments achieving excellent results at 5 years. Concomitant treatment of varicosities is associated with optimal improvement in both clinical disease severity and QoL.
Development and Nonlinear Analysis of Dynamic Plant Models in ProMoT /Diana
Authors: Mangold Michael , Khlopov Dmytro , Danker Gerrit , Palis Stefan , Svjatnyj Volodymyr , Kienle Achim 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn the process design of chemical production plants, dynamic simulation plays an important role. This paper gives a short introduction to the process modeling tool ProMoT and the simulation tool Diana. Both are open‐source programs intended for the dynamic analysis of chemical engineering and biological systems. They support the implementation and analysis of large nonlinear differential algebraic systems. An overview is given on the functionality of ProMoT and Diana. The use of the tools is illustrated by their application to an innovative fluidized bed crystallization process.
CFD Analysis of the Channel Shape Effect in Monolith Catalysts for the CH4 Partial Oxidation on Rh
Authors: Maffei Tiziano , Rebughini Stefano , Gentile Giancarlo , Lipp Stefan , Cuoci Alberto , Maestri Matteo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCatalysts monoliths with circular and square ducts are theoretically analyzed in detail as reactor configurations for the adiabatic CH4 partial oxidation on Rh for short‐contact‐times hydrogen production. By the means of CFD coupled with a detailed microkinetic description of the surface reactivity, it was found that the different transport properties of the investigated configurations primarily affect the thermal behavior of the reactor. O2 consumption is fully external mass transfer limited, and thus, local variations in mass transport properties are responsible of the differences in surface temperature.
Molecular Modelling and Simulation in Fluid Process Engineering
Authors: Horsch Martin , Hasse Hans 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDie molekulare Simulation hat infolge der Fortschritte im massiv‐parallelen Höchstleistungsrechnen ein hohes Maß an Vielseitigkeit entwickelt. Auf der Grundlage physikalisch realistischer Modelle der intermolekularen Wechselwirkungen kann sie Stoffdaten hochgenau beschreiben und vorhersagen. Transportprozesse und heterogene Systeme können mittlerweile zuverlässig simuliert werden. Voraussetzung dafür sind robuste molekulare Modelle und statistisch‐mechanisch rigorose Simulationsmethoden. Der Stand der Technik wird hier im Hinblick auf Anwendungen in der Verfahrenstechnik kommentiert.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of P25 TiO2 after Modification with Phosphate‐Treated Porous SiO2
Authors: Luan Yunbo , Feng Yujie , Cui Haiqin , Cao Yue , Jing Liqiang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn general, an increase in O2 adsorption is highly desirable for efficient photocatalysis. Herein, commercial P25 TiO2 is modified with an F127‐containing SiO2 sol, and post‐treated with phosphoric acid. It is confirmed, on the basis of O2 temperature‐programmed desorption measurements, that the O2 adsorption of commercial P25 TiO2 is greatly promoted through its modification with porous SiO2, especially in the phosphate‐treated case. The promotion of O2 adsorption is attributed to the introduction of SiOH and POH as surface ends, and to the slightly increased surface area. Interestingly, it is concluded that the promotion of O2 adsorption is favorable for the separation of photogenerated charge carriers, as seen from the steady‐state surface photovoltage spectra, transient‐state surface photovoltage responses, and measurements of the hydroxyl radicals produced. This is responsible for the clear enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of modified TiO2 for the degradation of gas‐phase acetaldehyde and liquid‐phase phenol as colorless pollutants. This work provides a feasible route for improving the photocatalytic activity of TiO2.
A short ID‐based proxy signature scheme
Authors: Asaar Maryam Rajabzadeh , Salmasizadeh Mahmoud , Susilo Willy 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe notion of identity‐based proxy signature with message recovery feature has been proposed to shorten identity‐based proxy signatures and improve their communication overhead because signed messages are not transmitted with these kinds of signatures. There are a few schemes for this notion: the schemes of Singh and Verma and Yoon et al. Unfortunately, Tian et al., by presenting two forgery attacks, show that Singh and Verma scheme is not secure, and also, the scheme of Yoon et al. does not support provable security. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we review the scheme by Yoon et al. and discuss why it does not have message recovery property, and consequently, it is not short. Second, we propose a short identity‐based proxy signature scheme with the help of message recovery property and show that it is secure under computational Diffie–Hellman assumption in the random oracle model. Furthermore, our scheme is more efficient than (as efficient as) previous identity‐based proxy signatures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of continuous intravenous insulin and subcutaneous insulin among patients with type 2 diabetes and congestive heart failure exacerbation
Authors: Dungan Kathleen M. , Osei Kwame , Gaillard Trudy , Moore Jared , Binkley Philip 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe study aims to determine whether the route of insulin administration influences glycaemic variability and inflammatory or neurohormonal markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and congestive heart failure (CHF) exacerbation.MethodsPatients (n = 65) were randomized to intravenous (IV) insulin (duration 48 h) or subcutaneous (SQ) insulin. Inflammatory cytokines and markers of lipid oxidation, high‐frequency heart rate variability (n = 27) and cardiac impedance (pre‐ejection period, n = 28) were used to estimate parasympathetic and sympathetic tone in patients with valid cardiac data. Glycaemic variability was measured using a continuous glucose monitor.ResultsMean glucose was lower (7.7 ± 1.2 vs 9.4 ± 2.7 mmol/L, p = 0.004), coefficient of variation was higher (p = 0.03) and glycaemic lability index was similar on day 1 in the IV group compared with the SQ group, but groups were similar by day 2. The IV group had more confirmed hypoglycaemia (p = 0.005). There were no differences in hospital readmission or hospital length of stay between groups. There were no differences in CHF biomarkers, heart rate variability or pre‐ejection period between groups. Increasing log glycaemic lability index was associated with lower on‐treatment pre‐ejection period (p = 0.03) while increasing coefficient of variation was associated with increasing brain natriuretic peptide (p = 0.004) and paroxonase‐1 (p = 0.02). Other univariable analyses were not significant.ConclusionsThere were modest, transient differences in glucose control between IV and SQ insulin in hospitalized CHF patients. However, the analyses do not support a link between insulin route and inflammatory markers or autonomic tone. Further study is needed to assess outcomes in hospitalized CHF patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual phylogenetic origins ofNigerian lions (Panthera leo)
Authors: Tende Talatu , Bensch Staffan , Ottosson Ulf , Hansson Bengt 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLion fecalDNAextracts from four individuals each from Yankari Game Reserve and Kainji‐Lake National Park (central northeast and west Nigeria, respectively) were Sanger‐sequenced for the mitochondrial cytochromebgene. The sequences were aligned against 61 lion reference sequences from other parts of Africa and India. The sequence data were analyzed further for the construction of phylogenetic trees using the maximum‐likelihood approach to depict phylogenetic patterns of distribution among sequences. Our results show that Nigerian lions grouped together with lions from West and Central Africa. At the smaller geographical scale, lions from Kainji‐Lake National Park in western Nigeria grouped with lions from Benin (located west of Nigeria), whereas lions from Yankari Game Reserve in central northeastern Nigeria grouped with the lion populations in Cameroon (located east of Nigeria). The finding that the two remaining lion populations in Nigeria have different phylogenetic origins is an important aspect to consider in future decisions regarding management and conservation of rapidly shrinking lion populations in West Africa.
The evolution of phenotypes and genetic parameters under preferential mating
Authors: Roff Derek A. , Fairbairn Daphne J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article extends and adds more realism to Lande's analytical model for evolution under mate choice by using individual‐based simulations in which females sample a finite number of males and the genetic architecture of the preference and preferred trait evolves. The simulations show that the equilibrium heritabilities of the preference and preferred trait and the genetic correlation between them (rG), depend critically on aspects of the mating system (the preference function, mode of mate choice, choosiness, and number of potential mates sampled), the presence or absence of natural selection on the preferred trait, and the initial genetic parameters. Under some parameter combinations, preferential mating increased the heritability of the preferred trait, providing a possible resolution for the lek paradox. The Kirkpatrick–Barton approximation for rG proved to be biased downward, but the realized genetic correlations were also low, generally <0.2. Such low values of rG indicate that coevolution of the preference and preferred trait is likely to be very slow and subject to significant stochastic variation. Lande's model accurately predicted the incidence of runaway selection in the simulations, except where preferences were relative and the preferred trait was subject to natural selection. In these cases, runaways were over‐ or underestimated, depending on the number of males sampled. We conclude that rapid coevolution of preferences and preferred traits is unlikely in natural populations, but that the parameter combinations most conducive to it are most likely to occur in lekking species.