bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ranking U.S. Economics Programs by Faculty and Graduate Publications: An Update Using 1994–2009 Data
Authors: McPherson Michael A. 
Published: September 2012

This article ranks academic institutions by pages published in top economics journals over the 1994–2001 and 2002–2009 periods. Because it uses a methodology similar to several earlier articles, this article permits a consideration of how institutions' ranks have changed over the past 35 years. I construct rankings based on publications by individuals affiliated with each institution, by faculty members in the economics departments at each institution, and by alumni of each doctoral program. With few exceptions, the positions of programs near the top of the rankings change little over time. However, much more dramatic changes in rank occur for lower‐ranked institutions.
Synthesis and characterization of macrocyclic bisphosphonate dimers
Authors: Patrick Brian , Yeh Jennifer , Comba Jeremy , Everett Eric M. , Koczkur Kallum , Pungente Michael D. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background: Attempts to optimize the synthetic yield of known macrocyclic phosphonates resulted in the discovery of two new macrocyclic bisphosphonate dimers. Methods: An attempt was carried out to optimize the yield of a known macrocyclic bisphosphonate dimer,
6, over the yield of monomers
2 and
3, using the Mitsunobu protocol in the macrocyclization step. Cyclization reactions were carried out at 0.003 M, 0.004 M, 0.005 M, 0.008 M and 0.02 M, compared to 0.002 M in our initial report of the synthesis of monomers. Results: In this attempt to optimize the production of dimer
6, two new macrocyclic diastereomers of
6, namely 28-membered bisphosphonates
9 and
10, were isolated in yields of 3% and 2%, respectively, and characterized by FTIR, LC-MS,

1

H

,

1
3

C

and

3
1

P

NMR as well as by X-ray crystallography. Conclusions: The results described herein further illustrate the utility of the Mitsunobu macrocyclization (ring-closing) reaction toward the synthesis of macrocyclic phosphonates. The X-ray crystallographic characterization of the three bisphosphonate dimers, together with correlations to specific

1

H

and

3
1

P

NMR resonances allowed for the assignments of relative stereochemistries between the various dimers.
Inherited thrombocytopenias
Authors: Pecci A. , Noris P. , Balduini C. L. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe chapter of inherited thrombocytopenias has expanded greatly over the last decade and many “new” forms deriving from mutations in “new” genes have been identified. Nevertheless, nearly half of patients remain without a definite diagnosis because their illnesses have not yet been described. The diagnostic approach to these diseases can still take advantage of the algorithm proposed by the Italian Platelet Study Group in 2003, although an update is required to include the recently described disorders. So far, transfusions of platelet concentrates have represented the main tool for preventing or treating bleedings, while haematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been reserved for patients with very severe forms. However, recent disclosure that an oral thrombopoietin mimetic is effective in increasing platelet count in patients with MYH9-related thrombocytopenia opened new therapeutic perspectives.This review summarizes the general aspects of inherited thrombocytopenias and describes in more detail MYH9-related diseases (encompassing four thrombocytopenias previously recognized as separate diseases) and the recently described ANKRD26-related thrombocytopenia, which are among the most frequent forms of inherited thrombocytopenia.
Applications of Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables: A Review
Authors: Abdulra’uf Lukman Bola , Chai Mee Kin , Tan Guan Huat 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This paper reviews the application of various modes of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. SPME is a simple extraction technique that eliminates the use of solvent, and it is applied for the analysis of both volatile and nonvolatile pesticides. SPME has been successfully coupled to both GC and LC. The coupling with GC has been straightforward and requires little modification of existing equipment, but interfacing with LC has proved challenging. The external standard calibration technique is widely used for quantification, while standard addition and internal or surrogate standards are mainly used to account for matrix effects. All parameters that affect the extraction of pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables, and therefore need to be optimized, are also reviewed. Details of the characteristics of analytical procedures and new trends in fiber production using sol-gel technology and molecularly imprinted polymers are discussed.
Determination of Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography-Multienzyme Inhibition Assay
Authors: Akkad Rami , Schwack Wolfgang 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
HPTLC-enzyme inhibition assay was applied to different fruit and vegetable samples after individual spiking with organophosphate and carbamate pesticides at their maximum residue limits documented by the European Commission. Samples were extracted according to the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method, including cleanup by primary secondary amine sorbent. Additional cleanup was performed on the HPTLC plate by a prechromatographic step to separate most coextracted matrix compounds from 20 different pesticides under study. With both rabbit liver esterase and cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi as enzyme sources, mean recoveries from apples, cucumbers, grapes, nectarines, plums, tomatoes, and lemons were in the ranges 86–109, 95–129, 96–114, and 90–111% for chlorpyrifos, paraoxon, parathion, and pirimicarb, respectively, with a mean RSD of 8.5% for all samples.
Investigating the Potential of Metal-Organic Framework Material as an Adsorbent for Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction of Pesticides During Analysis of Dehydrated Hyptis pectinata Medicinal Plant by GC/MS
Authors: Aquino Adriano , Ferreira Jordana Alves , Navickiene Sandro , Wanderley Kaline A , de Sá Gilberto F , Júnior Severino A 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks aluminum terephthalate MIL-53 and Cu-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC) were tested for extraction of pyrimethanil, ametryn, dichlofluanid, tetraconazole, flumetralin, kresoxim-methyl, and tebuconazole from the medicinal plant Hyptis pectinata, with analysis using GC/MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. Experiments carried out at different fortification levels (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 μg/g) resulted in recoveries in the range 61 to 107% with RSD values between 3 and 12% for the metal-organic framework materials. Detection and quantification limits ranged from 0.02 to 0.07 and 0.05 to 0.1 μg/g, respectively, for the different pesticides studied. The method developed was linear over the range tested (0.04–20.0 μg/g), with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9987 to 0.9998. Comparison of MIL-53 and Cu-BTC with C18-bonded silica showed good performance of the MIL-53 metal-organic framework as a sorbent for the pesticides tested.
Analytical and Toxicological Studies of Decomposition of Insecticide Parathion after Gamma-Irradiation and Ozonation
Authors: Bojanowska-Czajka Anna , Torun Murat , Kciuk Gabriel , Wachowicz Mariusz , Ozbay Dilek Solpan , Guven Olgun , Bobrowski Krzysztof , Trojanowicz Marek 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The decomposition of the widely used organophosphorus pesticide parathion was carried out in aqueous solutions by the use of γ-irradiation from a 60Co source or ozonation by means of an ozone generator, and by combined processes of ozonation and radiolysis. Factors affecting the parathion decomposition as well formation and decomposition of the main by-products, including irradiation dose, length of ozonation time, and presence of common scavengers, were investigated. The most efficient was found to be the γ-irradiation process combined with a short ozonation period; about 1 kGy irradiation dose was sufficient to decompose the pesticide in 15 mg/L solutions. Chemical studies of the decomposition of parathion were accompanied by monitoring of toxicity changes of irradiated solutions with the Microtox test.
Effects of Temperature and Purity of Magnesium Sulfate During Extraction of Pesticide Residues Using the QuEChERS Method
Authors: Geis-Asteggiante Lucia , Lehotay Steven J , Heinzen Horacio 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Despite its many documented advantages, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) sample preparation approach has problems with a few unstable pesticides, partly due to the exothermic reaction generated by the use of anhydrous magnesium sulfate (anh. MgSO4) during extraction. These pesticides also tend to be difficult to analyze by GC/MS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature during the extraction process in a revised version of AOAC Official MethodSM 2007.01 using anh. MgSO4 ≥99% (fine powder) or ≥97% (granular) purity, and the use of an ice bath for particular unstable pesticides of interest (chlorothalonil, captan, captafol, folpet, and the degradation products cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide and phthalimide). Recoveries of 38 representative pesticides were measured in limes and broccoli at different extraction conditions by LC/MS/MS and low-pressure GC/MS/MS. Results showed that the difference in temperature when using ≥99% versus ≥97% purity anh. MgSO4 was 6–9°C, which did not lead to significant differences in recoveries. The use of an ice bath aided recovery for some of the analytes in broccoli, but no significant differences were observed for limes, which already provided greater stability of the base-sensitive analytes due to acidity of the matrix.
Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography and Per Aqueous Liquid Chromatography in Fungicides Analysis
Authors: Noga Sylwia , Felinger Attila , Buszewski Bogusław 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The goal of the study was to investigate the retention mechanism of selected fungicides in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and per aqueous liquid chromatography (PALC). Chromatographic measurements were made on four physicochemically diversified HILIC columns, which were evaluated for the analysis of nine biologically active compounds, such as strobilurins and triazoles. The effects of the operating conditions on separations were investigated, including the concentration of the organic solvent in the aqueous-organic (acetonitrile) mobile phase. The results were compared, and it was shown that two different retention mechanisms dominate in PALC at low acetonitrile concentrations and in HILIC at high acetonitrile concentrations.
Determination of Azole Fungicides in Atmospheric Samples Collected in the Canadian Prairies by LC/MS/MS
Authors: Raina Renata , Smith Erika 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
An LC/MS/MS method has been developed for the determination of azole fungicides in the atmosphere at low pg/m3 concentrations. Detection limits in the range of 0.16 to 1.2 pg/m3 for a weekly air sample were obtained for the 31 fungicides analyzed. This work represents the first detection of propiconazole, prothioconazole-desthio, and trace levels of hexaconazole in gas phase atmospheric samples collected in a Canadian agricultural region. Samples were collected during April–October 2010 at Bratt's Lake, Saskatchewan, in the Canadian prairies where there was known historical use of selected azole fungicides. Atmospheric concentrations were above detection limits only during June–August 2010, with maximum concentrations occurring in July at 77.9 and 37.5 pg/m3 for propiconazole and prothioconazole-desthio, respectively. Gas phase atmospheric concentrations of propiconazole and prothioconazole-desthio increased following a spring and early summer with higher than normal daily precipitation. These azole fungicides showed the largest gas phase concentrations during periods of lower temperature and during sampling events with at least 1 day with no precipitation. The higher atmospheric gas phase concentrations of each azole fungicide were observed on different days, indicating different formulations may be in use in the prairie agricultural region.
Review of Sample Preparation Techniques for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Soil
Authors: Tadeo José L , Pérez Rosa Ana , Albero Beatriz , García-Valcárcel Ana I , Sánchez-Brunete Consuelo 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This paper reviews the sample preparation techniques used for the analysis of pesticides in soil. The present status and recent advances made during the last 5 years in these methods are discussed. The analysis of pesticide residues in soil requires the extraction of analytes from this matrix, followed by a cleanup procedure, when necessary, prior to their instrumental determination. The optimization of sample preparation is a very important part of the method development that can reduce the analysis time, the amount of solvent, and the size of samples. This review considers all aspects of sample preparation, including extraction and cleanup. Classical extraction techniques, such as shaking, Soxhlet, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and modern techniques like pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, solid-phase microextraction and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) are reviewed. The different cleanup strategies applied for the purification of soil extracts are also discussed. In addition, the application of these techniques to environmental studies is considered.
Development and Control of a Pneumatic Robot Arm for Industrial Fields
Authors: Maeda Sho , Tsujiuchi Nobutaka , Koizumi Takayuki , Sugiura Mitsumasa , Kojima Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2012

We developed a pneumatic robot arm driven by pneumatic actuators as a versatile end effector for material handling systems. The arm consists of a pneumatic hand and pneumatic wrist. The hand can grasp various objects without force sensors or feedback control. Therefore, this study aims to control the wrist motions to expand the hand motion's space. The hand mimics the human hand shape and can grasp objects that have different shapes and mechanical characteristics. The wrist has redundant degrees of freedom. This is useful when the robot moves to avoid obstacles. However, the drive mechanism of the wrist has nonlinearity from a mechanical viewpoint. Also, the pneumatic actuators used as the drive source have hysteresis characteristics. These features make the wrist motions difficult to control. Because the wrist is used in material handling systems, its motions need to be freely controlled. Therefore, in this research, experimental models of the drive system of the pneumatic robot wrist have been constructed. With the constructed models, the control systems were designed through simulations. After that, we attempted to control the wrist motions with the constructed controllers. As a result, the wrist models are coincident with wrist motions. Finally, experimental results were obtained that match the simulation results.
Improving Independent Student Navigation of Complex Educational Web Sites: An Analysis of Two Navigation Design Changes in LibGuides
Authors: Pittsley Kate A , Memmott Sara 
Published: September 2012

Can the navigation of complex research web sites be improved so that users more often find their way without intermediation or instruction? Librarians at Eastern Michigan University discovered that students were not recognizing navigational elements on web based research guides and tested possible solutions. In this study, two types of navigation improvements were applied to separate sets of online guides. Both sets of experimental guides showed an increase in use of navigation to secondary pages of the guides.
The Next Generation Integrated Library System: A Promise Fulfilled?
Authors: Wang Yongming , Dawes Trevor A 
Published: September 2012

The adoption of Integrated Library Systems (ILS) became prevalent in the 1980s and 1990s as libraries began or continued to automate their processes. These systems enabled library staff to work, in many cases, more efficiently than they had been in the past. However, these systems were also restrictive – especially as the nature of the work began to change, largely in response to the growth of electronic and digital resources – for which these systems were not intended to manage. New library systems – the second (or next) generation library systems are needed in order to effectively manage the processes of acquiring, describing and making available all library resources. This article examines the state of library systems today and describes the features needed in a next generation library system. The authors also examine some of the next generation library systems currently in development that purport to fill the changing needs of libraries.
A new paradigm for parameter estimation in system modeling
Authors: Garatti Simone , Bittanti Sergio 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we consider a basic problem in system identification, that of estimating the unknown parameters of a given model by using input/output data. Available methods (extended Kalman filtering, unscented Kalman filtering, particle filtering, maximum likelihood, prediction error method, etc.) have been extensively studied in the literature, especially in relation to consistency analysis. Yet, other important aspects, such as computational complexity, have been somewhat overlooked so that, when such methods are used in practical problems, remarkable drawbacks may arise. This is why parameter estimation is often performed using empirical procedures. This paper aims to revisit the issue of setting up an estimator that is able to provide reliable estimates at low computational cost. In contrast to other paradigms, the main idea in the new introduced two‐stage estimation method is to retrieve the estimator through simulation experiments in a training phase. Once training is terminated, the user is provided with an explicitly given estimator that can be used over and over basically with no computational effort. The advantages and drawbacks of the two‐stage approach as well as other traditional paradigms are identified with an illustrative example. A more concrete example of tire parameter estimation is also provided. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐Scale Fabrication of Three‐Dimensional Surface Patterns Using Template‐Defined Electrochemical Deposition
Authors: Yang Shikuan , Lapsley Michael Ian , Cao Bingqiang , Zhao Chenglong , Zhao Yanhui , Hao Qingzhen , Kiraly Brian , Scott Jason , Li Weizhou , Wang Lin , Lei Yong , Huang Tony Jun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new strategy to achieve large‐scale, three‐dimensional (3D) micro‐ and nanostructured surface patterns through selective electrochemical growth on monolayer colloidal crystal (MCC) templates is reported. This method can effectively create large‐area (>1 cm2), 3D surface patterns with well‐defined structures in a cost‐effective and time‐saving manner (<30 min). A variety of 3D surface patterns, including semishells, Janus particles, microcups, and mushroom‐like clusters, is generated. Most importantly, our method can be used to prepare surface patterns with prescribed compositions, such as metals, metal oxides, organic materials, or composites (e.g., metal/metal oxide, metal/polymer). The 3D surface patterns produced by our method can be valuable in a wide range of applications, such as biosensing, data storage, and plasmonics. In a proof‐of‐concept study, we investigated, both experimentally and theoretically, the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance of the fabricated silver 3D semishell arrays.
Precise Control of Cell Adhesion by Combination of Surface Chemistry and Soft Lithography
Authors: Zheng Wenfu , Zhang Wei , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe adhesion of cells on an extracellular matrix (ECM) (in vivo) or the surfaces of materials (in vitro) is a prerequisite for most cells to survive. The rapid growth of nano/microfabrication and biomaterial technologies has provided new materials with excellent surfaces with specific, desirable biological interactions with their surroundings. On one hand, the chemical and physical properties of material surfaces exert an extensive influence on cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. On the other hand, material surfaces are useful for fundamental cell biology research and tissue engineering. In this Review, an overview will be given of the chemical and physical properties of newly developed material surfaces and their biological effects, as well as soft lithographic techniques and their applications in cell biology research. Recent advances in the manipulation of cell adhesion by the combination of surface chemistry and soft lithography will also be highlighted.
Encephalitis and antibodies to dipeptidyl‐peptidase–like protein‐6, a subunit of Kv4.2 potassium channels
Authors: Boronat Anna , Gelfand Jeffrey M. , Gresa‐Arribas Nuria , Jeong Hyo‐Young , Walsh Michael , Roberts Kirk , Martinez‐Hernandez Eugenia , Rosenfeld Myrna R. , Balice‐Gordon Rita , Graus Francesc , Rudy Bernardo , Dalmau Josep 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective:To report a novel cell surface autoantigen of encephalitis that is a critical regulatory subunit of the Kv4.2 potassium channels.Methods:Four patients with encephalitis of unclear etiology and antibodies with a similar pattern of neuropil brain immunostaining were selected for autoantigen characterization. Techniques included immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, cell‐base experiments with Kv4.2 and several dipeptidyl‐peptidase–like protein‐6 (DPPX) plasmid constructs, and comparative brain immunostaining of wild‐type and DPPX‐null mice.Results:Immunoprecipitation studies identified DPPX as the target autoantigen. A cell‐based assay confirmed that all 4 patients, but not 210 controls, had DPPX antibodies. Symptoms included agitation, confusion, myoclonus, tremor, and seizures (1 case with prominent startle response). All patients had pleocytosis, and 3 had severe prodromal diarrhea of unknown etiology. Given that DPPX tunes up the Kv4.2 potassium channels (involved in somatodendritic signal integration and attenuation of dendritic back‐propagation of action potentials), we determined the epitope distribution in DPPX, DPP10 (a protein homologous to DPPX), and Kv4.2. Patients' antibodies were found to be specific for DPPX, without reacting with DPP10 or Kv4.2. The unexplained diarrhea led to a demonstration of a robust expression of DPPX in the myenteric plexus, which strongly reacted with patients' antibodies. The course of neuropsychiatric symptoms was prolonged and often associated with relapses during decreasing immunotherapy. Long‐term follow‐up showed substantial improvement in 3 patients (1 was lost to follow‐up).Interpretation:Antibodies to DPPX are associated with a protracted encephalitis characterized by central nervous system hyperexcitability (agitation, myoclonus, tremor, seizures), pleocytosis, and frequent diarrhea at symptom onset. The disorder is potentially treatable with immunotherapy. ANN NEUROL 2013.