bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of medicinal plants on wound healing
Authors: Budovsky Arie , Yarmolinsky Ludmila , Ben‐Shabat Shimon 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn the United States alone, chronic wounds affect 6.5 million patients. It is expected that the number of chronic wounds will increase worldwide due to the increase in age‐related conditions and pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. An estimated excess of US$25 billion is spent annually on treatment of chronic wounds, and the burden is rapidly growing due to increasing healthcare costs, an aging population, and a sharp rise in the incidence of diabetes and obesity worldwide. While current therapeutic agents have generally inadequate efficacy and number of serious adverse effects, the medicinal plants have been used in medicine since ancient times and are well known for their abilities to promote wound healing and prevent infection without grave side effects. Thus, herbal therapy may be an alternative strategy for treatment of wounds. The purpose of this review is to provide the verified data on the medicinal plants of the world flora with wound healing activity including the biologically active substances belonging to these herbal preparations and describe in detail the various cellular and molecular mechanisms of their actions.
Cardiovascular afferents cause the release of 5‐HT in the nucleus tractus solitarii; this release is regulated by the low‐ (PMAT) not the high‐affinity transporter (SERT)
Authors: Hosford Patrick S. , Millar Julian , Ramage Andrew G. 
Published: February 2015

Key points
The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) integrates visceral afferent information essential for cardiovascular haemostasis.
Using fast‐cyclic voltammetry in anaesthetized rats, 5‐HT (serotonin) release was detected in NTS in response to activation of these afferents.
Removal of 5‐HT from the extracellular space is usually regulated by the low‐capacity, high‐affinity 5‐HT transporter (5‐HTT/SERT).
The present data demonstrate that 5‐HT removal in the NTS is regulated by the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), a high‐capacity, low‐affinity transporter.
The present data also demonstrate that the 5‐HT released by afferent activation comes from at least two different sources. It is suggested that one of these sources is the afferents themselves.
These results demonstrate a physiological role for the low‐affinity uptake transporter in the regulation of 5‐HT concentration in NTS.
AbstractThe nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) integrates inputs from cardiovascular afferents and thus is crucial for cardiovascular homeostasis. These afferents primarily release glutamate, although 5‐HT has also been shown to play a role in their actions. Using fast‐cyclic voltammetry, an increase in 5‐HT concentrations (range 12–50 nm) could be detected in the NTS in anaesthetized rats in response to electrical stimulation of the vagus and activation of cardiopulmonary, chemo‐ and baroreceptor reflexes. This 5‐HT signal was not potentiated by the serotonin transporter (SERT) or the noradrenaline transporter (NET) inhibitors citalopram and desipramine (1 mg kg−1). However, decynium‐22 (600 μg kg−1), an organic cation 3 transporter (OCT3)/plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) inhibitor, increased the 5‐HT signal by 111 ± 21% from 29 ± 10 nm. The effectiveness of these inhibitors was tested against the removal time of 5‐HT and noradrenaline applied by microinjection to the NTS. Citalopram and decynium‐22 attenuated the removal of 5‐HT but not noradrenaline, whereas desipramine had the reverse action. The OCT3 inhibitor corticosterone (10 mg kg−1) had no effect. Blockade of glutamate receptors with topical kynurenate (10–50 nm) reduced the vagally evoked 5‐HT signal by 50%, indicating that this release was from at least two sources. It is concluded that vagally evoked 5‐HT release is under the regulation of the high‐capacity, low‐affinity transporter PMAT, not the low‐capacity, high‐affinity transporter SERT. This is the first demonstration that PMAT may be playing a physiological role in the regulation of 5‐HT transmission and this could indicate that 5‐HT is acting, in part, as a volume transmitter within the NTS.
Numerical Investigation of Crosswind Effect on Different Rear Mounted Engine Installations
Authors: Xie Hairun , Wu Yadong , Wang Anjenq , Ouyang Hua 
Published: February 2015

The rear-mounted engine is widely used in business and regional jets. It is a “clean wing” design. The engine is mounted behind the wing, so that the inlet/outlet of the nacelle has a minor influence on the flow over the wing. The engine thrust line is close to the fuselage axis. As a result, the asymmetric yaw moment will be smaller when single engine stall occurs.
Strict regulations and requirements were set by certification agencies to assess aircraft maneuver capability as well as engine operating characteristics. These regulations are mainly defined to evaluate structural strength, aerodynamics, & engine/aircraft performance. However, due to the nature of the complexity of the flow field at the air intake, the inlet compatibility of fuselage mounted engines becomes one of the most complicated & challenging items to meet FAR33 as well as FAR25 certification requirements, especially during cross wind operating conditions.
This research paper discusses the inlet compatibility of rear-mounted aircraft engines with respect to the installed configuration and crosswind operating conditions. Models of two installed configurations, set by the relative position of engine to the fuselage and the wing were created. In each case, the engine inlet flow field was calculated at various ambient wind conditions. Comparisons of the total pressure profile at the air intake were made to assess the likelihood of flow separation at the inlet of engine. Inlet distortion levels of corresponding total pressure profiles were calculated for each operating and installed condition. Assessments are made based on intensive usage of CFD analysis of different engine installations and operating conditions. The flow field information obtained by CFD calculation reveals a close coupling phenomenon exists among engine installations, cross wind, and inlet capability.
Intelligent Biogas Fuelled Distributed Energy Conversion Technologies: Overview of a Pilot Study in Norway
Authors: Assadi Mohsen , Majoumerd Mohammad Mansouri , Jana Kuntal , De Sudipta 
Published: February 2015

It is foreseen that distributed power generation, using biogas and natural gas as fuel, will play increasingly important role in the future European energy market. These technologies are presenting controllable power generation capacity as complementary to the installed intermittent renewable power generation in terms of wind and solar.
A nationally funded project was initiated in Stavanger, Norway in 2010, led by the Center for Sustainable Energy Solutions (cenSE), to investigate use of existing small scale energy conversion technologies developed for natural gas, using as much as possible biogas mixed with natural gas without any hardware modifications to the energy conversion units. Three test setups with a micro gas turbine (100 kWe), a gas engine (11 kWe) and a short stack of solid oxide fuel cell consisting of six cells (30–40 We) were installed for experimental studies, providing necessary data for model validation and development of data driven models for engine performance monitoring.
This paper reports the results of the project, concerning mapping the operational window for use of mixture of simulated biogas (50% methane, 50% CO2) and natural gas for each technology as an enabler of biogas utilization with natural gas as fallback solution. The CO2 reduction potential, when natural gas is replaced with biogas, is also presented. Moreover, the capability of using data driven models based on artificial neural network for online monitoring and control of the engine performance at various operational conditions is shown.
Detailed reporting on various aspects of fuel composition and technology impact has been conducted earlier. This paper provides a total overview and a comparison of performance of the technologies tested in this study.
Validation of LCF Life of Turbine Rotor Assembly of a Turbo-Shaft Engine Through Cyclic Spin Test
Authors: Roy Hardik , Muthu S. Esakki , Udayanan P. , Degaonkar Girish K. , Anbarasan Selwyn 
Published: February 2015

Gas turbine rotors are high speed rotating components which operate under high temperatures. These turbine rotors undergo repeated cycles of low speeds to high speeds and therefore low stresses to high stresses which lead to low cycle fatigue failure. This low cycle fatigue leads to initiation of cracks at high stress areas like bolt holes, blade slots or disc bore. During design the life obtained through numerical methods is verified by cyclic spin tests. This particular paper talks about the spin testing of turbine rotor assembly of a turbo-shaft engine to validate its low cycle fatigue life obtained through analysis. These three stage turbine rotors were indigenised for cost savings. The life of the indigenously designed rotors were required to be the same as the turbine rotors being supplied by the engine OEM’s. Since the test rig which was used to validate the life of the rotors had a limitation of applying uniform temperatures, there was a need to develop a test schedule that simulates the operating conditions of the actual engine rotors.
The work was carried out in two phases. In the first phase FEA tools were utilised to find out stress and strain levels of the turbine rotors by applying actual engine load conditions. Since rotor assembly was tested under uniform temperature in the test rig a combination of centrifugal load and temperature that would result in the same factor of safety levels of the rotors as in the actual engine conditions was arrived at in an iterative manner. Once the right combination was achieved the life of the engine rotors under test conditions was estimated numerically. In the second phase cyclic spin test was carried out on the turbine rotor assembly at equivalent load conditions. At regular intervals dimensional and NDT checks were carried out on the rotor assembly to find out crack initiation. The life of the rotor assembly which was estimated with the help of FE tool was validated through spin test.
Prediction and Comparison of Critical Speeds and Potential Excitation Using In-House Developed Software for an Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressor
Authors: James Mathew P. , Reddy Pandillapalli Pavan Kumar , Gopalakrishnan Swaminathan 
Published: February 2015

Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressors (IGCAC) are becoming popular in many industrial applications. Development of such compressors requires in depth Rotordynamic Design and Analysis. To facilitate this, an in-house computer program based on transfer matrix method was developed using MATLAB® software. This computer program is capable of computing rotordynamic parameters such as static deflection, critical speed and interference diagram, and can output critical speed map, mode shape, unbalance response, orbit, for lateral direction.
This software was used to analyze a two stage IGCAC with two impellers on a simply supported rotor running above second critical speed, driven by a two pole induction motor through a step-up gearbox. Undamped critical speed map, an output from the program was used to predict intended bearing stiffness for design. Using the above data and commercially available software DyRoBeS© a suitable bearing was designed. The speed dependent bearing characteristics, an output from DyRoBeS©, were used to determine damped unbalance response plot for a given residual unbalance. Corresponding to a maximum peak in unbalance response the damped critical speed and amplification factors (AF) were found out. The results from the newly developed software were compared with prediction from DyRoBeS©. It was found that critical speed was within 5% and AF was of the same order. Results from in-house software were comparable to that from DyRoBeS©. Based on the guidelines from API 684, the AF and separation margins were determined.
A prototype IGCAC compressor as described above was built and tested. The testing included the collection of steady state, coast-up and coast-down data. Using the coast-up, coast-down data, a Bode plot was created. From this the critical speeds and AF’s were determined and compared with results from in-house software. It was found there was an error of less than 5% for the critical speed and around 5% for AF from the predicted results. For the same compressor a study on the potential excitation frequencies due to unbalance, impeller-diffuser and impeller-scroll tongue interactions were calculated. FFT of the steady state vibration data was deduced. It was found that the calculated frequency and measured frequency at maximum amplitude were aligning. Further noise measurements were recorded based on sound intensity as per guidelines in ISO 9614. The impeller-tongue interaction frequencies for stages were seen in the processed noise data. It was found that the predictions were in good agreement with the test results.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Bolted Joint With Helical Thread Connection
Authors: Bommisetty Kondaiah , Narayanan Kumar 
Published: February 2015

Conventional analytical and numerical methods for the mechanical properties of helical threads are relied on many assumptions and approximations and thus hardly yield satisfactory results. In this paper, an effective mesh generation scheme is used which can provide accurate helical thread model to analyse specific characteristics of stress concentrations and contact pressure distributions caused by the helical thread geometry. Sector model of bolted flange joint has been analysed for pretension alone and combination of pretension and axial load. Using the finite element (FE) model with accurate thread geometry with pretension, the thread root stresses, contact pressure along the helix and at the nut loaded surface in the circumferential direction have been studied. The peak stress occurs at the first engaged bolt thread root from nut loaded surface. This stress at the thread root gradually decreases towards the free face of the nut. The contact pressure at nut bearing surface varies in the circumferential direction because of the circumferential variation of the stiffness of engaged threads adjacent to the nut loaded surface. The axial load along the engaged threads gradually decreases from nut loaded surface to zero towards the free surface of the nut.
Results from analysis with pretension and axial load indicate that the contact separation starts at the inner radius of flange and grows towards outer diameter of flange as the axial load is increased in the bolted flange joint. It is observed from the analyses that the load is shared by flanges when the external applied axial load is up to 15% of preload, and beyond this, bolt starts sharing external load. The maximum stress occurs at the first engaged bolt thread root. Most of the bolt failures are at the first engaged thread. The study suggests that it is necessary to consider threads in FE model to obtain accurate contact pressure, thread stress, stiffness and bolt load predictions. These critical observations provide insight for optimization of bolted flange joint to meet the structural requirements and weight optimisation.
Turbulence-Transport-Chemistry Interaction in Statistically Planar Premixed Flames and Ignition Kernels in Near Isotropic Turbulence
Authors: Uranakar Harshavardhana A. , Chaudhuri Swetaprovo , Lakshmisha K. N. 
Published: February 2015

Turbulence-transport-chemistry interaction plays a crucial role on the flame surface geometry, local and global reaction-rates, and therefore, on the propagation and extinction characteristics of intensely turbulent, premixed flames encountered in LPP gas-turbine combustors. The aim of the present work is to understand these interaction effects on the flame surface annihilation and extinction of lean premixed flames, interacting with near isotropic turbulence. As an example case, lean premixed H2-air mixture is considered so as to enable inclusion of detailed chemistry effects in Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). The work is carried out in two phases namely, statistically planar flames and ignition kernel, both interacting with near isotropic turbulence, using the recently proposed Flame Particle Tracking (FPT) technique. Flame particles are surface points residing and commoving with an iso-scalar surface within a premixed flame. Tracking flame particles allows us to study the evolution of propagating surface locations uniquely identified with time. In this work, using DNS and FPT we study the flame speed, reaction rate and transport histories of such flame particles residing on iso-scalar surfaces.
An analytical expression for the local displacement flame speed (Sd) is derived, and the contribution of transport and chemistry on the displacement flame speed is identified. An examination of the results of the planar case leads to a conclusion that the cause of variation in Sd may be attributed to the effects of turbulent transport and heat release rate. In the second phase of this work, the sustenance of an ignition kernel is examined in light of the S-curve. A newly proposed Damköhler number accounting for local turbulent transport and reaction rates is found to explain either the sustenance or otherwise propagation of flame kernels in near isotropic turbulence.
First Human Case of Fatal Halicephalobus gingivalis Meningoencephalitis in Australia
Authors: Lim Chuan Kok , Crawford April , Moore Casey V. , Gasser Robin B. , Nelson Renjy , Koehler Anson V. , Bradbury Richard S. , Speare Rick , Dhatrak Deepak , Weldhagen Gerhard F. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTHalicephalobus gingivalis(previouslyMicronema deletrix) is a free-living nematode known to cause opportunistic infections, mainly in horses. Human infections are very rare, but all cases described to date involved fatal meningoencephalitis. Here we report the first case ofH. gingivalisinfection in an Australian human patient, confirmed by nematode morphology and sequencing of ribosomal DNA. The implications of this case are discussed, particularly, the need to evaluate real-time PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Contribution of Neonatal Amniotic Fluid Testing to Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Filisetti Denis , Yera Hélène , Villard Odile , Escande Benoît , Wafo Estelle , Houfflin-Debarge Véronique , Delhaes Laurence , Bastien Patrick 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
We evaluated the molecular diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) on neonatal amniotic fluid samples from 488 mother-child pairs. Maternal infection during pregnancy was diagnosed and dated or could not be ruled out. Forty-six cases of CT were defined according to the European Research Network on CT classification system and case definitions. Neonatal amniotic fluid testing had an overall sensitivity of 54% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 39 to 69%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 99 to 100%). Its sensitivity was 33% (95% CI, 13 to 59%) when antenatal diagnosis was positive and 68% (95% CI, 48 to 84%) when antenatal diagnosis was negative or lacking. This difference in sensitivity may have been due to treatment of antenatally diagnosed cases. Relative to postnatal serology, neonatal amniotic fluid testing allowed an earlier diagnosis to be made in 26% of the cases (95% CI, 9 to 51%).
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Meropenem Hydrolysis Assay with NH
4
HCO
3
, a Reliable Tool for Direct Detection of Carbapenemase Activity
Authors: Papagiannitsis Costas C. , Študentová Vendula , Izdebski Radoslaw , Oikonomou Olga , Pfeifer Yvonne , Petinaki Efthimia , Hrabák Jaroslav 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

A comparison of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometric (MALDI-TOF MS) meropenem hydrolysis assay with the Carba NP test showed that both methods exhibited low sensitivity (approximately 76%), mainly due to the false-negative results obtained with OXA-48-type producers. The addition of NH
4
HCO
3
to the reaction buffer for the MALDI-TOF MS assay dramatically improved its sensitivity (98%). Automatic interpretation of the MALDI-TOF MS assay, using the MBT STAR-BL software, generally agreed with the results obtained after manual analysis. For the Carba NP test, spectrophotometric analysis found six additional carbapenemase producers.
Identification and Expression of Babesia ovis Secreted Antigen 1 and Evaluation of Its Diagnostic Potential in an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Sevinc Ferda , Cao Shinuo , Xuan Xuenan , Sevinc Mutlu , Ceylan Onur 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

In order to identify immunoreactive proteins that are usable for the immunological diagnosis of
Babesia ovis
infections, a phage lambda cDNA expression library was constructed and screened using parasite-specific immune serum. Immunoscreening resulted in the identification of a full-length cDNA clone encoding a secreted protein designated
Babesia ovis
secreted antigen 1 (BoSA1). The full-length BoSA1 cDNA contained a 1,137-bp open reading frame that encoded a protein of 378 amino acids, with a signal peptide and 2 internal repeat domains. The theoretical molecular mass of the mature protein was 42.5 kDa. Recombinant BoSA1 (rBoSA1) protein was expressed in
Escherichia coli
strain DH5α cells as a glutathione
S
-transferase (GST) fusion protein and was purified by affinity chromatography. Purified rBoSA1 was tested for reactivity with sera from animals experimentally or naturally infected with
B. ovis
, in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that specific antibodies against rBoSA1 were detectable on days 7 and 8 of the experimental infection and were maintained during the sampling period. Additionally, 38 field sera taken from sheep naturally infected with
B. ovis
gave strong positive reactions in the ELISA between day 20 and day 30 of treatment. As a result, the identified recombinant BoSA1 protein seems to be a promising diagnostic antigen that is usable for the development of serological assays for the diagnosis of ovine babesiosis. This is the first report on the molecular cloning, expression, and potential use of a recombinant antigen for the diagnosis of ovine babesiosis.
Challenges in Antigenic Characterization of Circulating Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses during the 2011-2012 Influenza Season: an Ongoing Problem?
Authors: Kossyvakis Athanasios , Pogka Vasiliki , Melidou Aggeliki , Moutousi Afroditi , Gioula Georgia , Kalliaropoulos Antonios , Exindari Maria , Emmanouil Mary , Horefti Elina , Spala Georgia , Meijer Adam , Malisiovas Nikolaos , Mentis Andreas F. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Genetic and antigenic characterization of 37 representative influenza A(H3N2) virus strains isolated in Greece during the 2011-2012 winter season was performed to evaluate matching of the viruses with the seasonal influenza vaccine strain A/Perth/16/2009. Hemagglutinin gene sequence analysis revealed that all Greek strains clustered within the Victoria/208 genetic clade. Furthermore, substitutions in the antigenic and glycosylation sites suggested potential antigenic drift. Our hemagglutination inhibition (HI) analysis showed that the Greek viruses were Perth/16-like; however, these viruses were characterized as Victoria/208-like when tested at the United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Centre (CC) with HI assays performed in the presence of oseltamivir, a finding consistent with the genetic characterization data. Variability in the HI test performance experienced by other European laboratories indicated that antigenic analysis of the A(H3N2) virus has limitations and, until its standardization, national influenza reference laboratories should include genetic characterization results for selection of representative viruses for detailed antigenic analysis by the WHO CCs.