bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Coating on Implant Surfaces Reduces Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation
Authors: Kwiecinski Jakub , Na Manli , Jarneborn Anders , Jacobsson Gunnar , Peetermans Marijke , Verhamme Peter , Jin Tao 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
biofilm infections of indwelling medical devices are a major medical challenge because of their high prevalence and antibiotic resistance. As fibrin plays an important role in
S. aureus
biofilm formation, we hypothesize that coating of the implant surface with fibrinolytic agents can be used as a new method of antibiofilm prophylaxis. The effect of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) coating on
S. aureus
biofilm formation was tested with
in vitro
microplate biofilm assays and an
in vivo
mouse model of biofilm infection. tPA coating efficiently inhibited biofilm formation by various
S. aureus
strains. The effect was dependent on plasminogen activation by tPA, leading to subsequent local fibrin cleavage. A tPA coating on implant surfaces prevented both early adhesion and later biomass accumulation. Furthermore, tPA coating increased the susceptibility of biofilm infections to antibiotics.
In vivo
, significantly fewer bacteria were detected on the surfaces of implants coated with tPA than on control implants from mice treated with cloxacillin. Fibrinolytic coatings (e.g., with tPA) reduce
S. aureus
biofilm formation both
in vitro
and
in vivo
, suggesting a novel way to prevent bacterial biofilm infections of indwelling medical devices.
Large-Scale Drug Screens Support Precision Medicine
Authors: Gray Joe W. , Mills Gordon B. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Summary: The major challenge underlying the emerging precision medicine initiative is to make links between cancer subsets and drugs that can be used to guide treatment of individual patients, leading to improved outcomes and decreased toxicity. Seashore-Ludlow and colleagues support this effort by reporting measurements of responses of 664 adherent cancer cell lines to 70 FDA-approved drugs, 100 experimental compounds, and 311 small-molecule probes. They use a novel Annotated Cluster Multidimensional Enrichment algorithm to identify drug mechanisms of action, molecular markers of response, responsive cancer subtypes, and compounds that produce synergistic cell inhibition. Cancer Discov; 5(11); 1130–2. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Seashore-Ludlow et al., p. 1210.
The SIN1-PH Domain Connects mTORC2 to PI3K
Authors: Yuan Hai-Xin , Guan Kun-Liang 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Summary: The mTOR complex 2, mTORC2, is a critical downstream effector of PI3K that stimulates AGC kinase members, including AKT, PKC, and SGK. Liu and colleagues reported that the pleckstrin homology domain of SIN1, an essential component of mTORC2, directly binds the PI3K product PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 to promote mTORC2 kinase activation and membrane localization, thereby revealing a mechanistic link between PI3K and mTORC2. Cancer Discov; 5(11); 1127–9. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Liu and colleagues, p. 1194.
Coastal Zone Surface Stress with Stable Stratification
Authors: Mahrt L. , Andreas Edgar L , Edson James B. , Vickers Dean , Sun Jielun , Patton Edward G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSummertime eddy correlation measurements from an offshore tower are analyzed to investigate the dependence of the friction velocity for stable conditions on the mean wind speed V, air–sea difference of virtual potential temperature δθυ, and nonstationary submeso motions. The quantity δθυ sometimes exceeds 3°C, usually because of the advection of warm air from land over cooler water at this site. Thin stable boundary layers result. Unexpectedly, does not depend systematically on the stratification δθυ even for weak winds. For weak winds, increases systematically with increasing submeso variations of the wind. The relationship for a given V is greater in nonstationary conditions. Additionally, this study examines as a function of wind direction. The relationship appears to be affected by swell direction for weak winds and advection from land for short fetches.
Forecasting Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Basin Using the NCEP Operational HWRF Model: Model Upgrades and Evaluation of Real-Time Performance in 2013
Authors: Tallapragada Vijay , Kieu Chanh , Trahan Samuel , Liu Qingfu , Wang Weiguo , Zhang Zhan , Tong Mingjing , Zhang Banglin , Zhu Lin , Strahl Brian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study presents evaluation of real-time performance of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast (HWRF) modeling system upgraded and implemented in 2013 in the western North Pacific basin (WPAC). Retrospective experiments with the 2013 version of the HWRF Model upgrades for 2012 WPAC tropical cyclones (TCs) show significant forecast improvement compared to the real-time forecasts from the 2012 version of HWRF. Despite a larger number of strong storms in the WPAC during 2013, real-time forecasts from the 2013 HWRF (H213) showed an overall reduction in intensity forecast errors, mostly at the 4–5-day lead times. Verification of the H213’s skill against the climate persistence forecasts shows that although part of such improvements in 2013 is related to the different seasonal characteristics between the years 2012 and 2013, the new model upgrades implemented in 2013 could provide some further improvement that the 2012 version of HWRF could not achieve. Further examination of rapid intensification (RI) events demonstrates noticeable skill of H213 with the probability of detection (POD) index of 0.22 in 2013 compared to 0.09 in 2012, suggesting that H213 starts to show skill in predicting RI events in the WPAC.
Reduction of Pharyngocutaneous Fistulae in Laryngectomy Patients by a Comprehensive Performance Improvement Intervention
Authors: Li Ryan J. , Zhou Xian Chong , Fakhry Carole , Negrin Juan , Lee Gregory , Ha Patrick , Blanco Ray , Saunders John , Califano Joseph A. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivePharyngocutaneous fistula is a common complication in laryngectomy patients, particularly in previously irradiated cases. We initiated a comprehensive performance improvement intervention in all head and neck surgery patients intended to reduce postoperative infection and fistulae rates. We report our review of outcomes within laryngectomy patients.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic tertiary referral center.SubjectsNineteen laryngectomy patients at risk of postoperative fistula formation.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of all patients who had undergone laryngectomy procedures between January 2013 and April 2014. Clinicodemographic data were obtained, including history of diabetes, prior radiation therapy, type of reconstruction performed for closure of the pharyngeal defect, and the presence or absence of postoperative fistula.ResultsThe study population comprised 19 laryngectomy patients. Prior to implementation of our performance improvement intervention, 8 of 11 (73%) patients undergoing laryngectomy developed postoperative fistulae. After intervention, 0 of 8 patients developed fistulae (P =. 002). Prior radiation, diabetes mellitus, and overall stage were not associated with a reduction in fistula rate (P >. 05).ConclusionComprehensive uniform application of a standard antibiotic prophylaxis, surgical technique, perioperative care, and treatment of comorbid conditions can significantly reduce and potentially eliminate fistulae in laryngectomy patients who are especially at risk.
Pyoblepharitis Vegetans in Association With Pyodermatitis-Pyostomatitis Vegetans
Authors: Dupuis Elaine C. , Haber Richard M. , Robertson Lynne H. 
Published: October 2015

Background: Pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans (PDPSV) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the skin and oral mucosa that is commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ocular involvement is uncommon. Objective: Given the association with IBD, it is important for dermatologists to be aware of the varying manifestations of PDPSV. Methods: A biopsy was performed for diagnosis confirmation, and the literature was reviewed for similar cases. Observations: Our 48-year-old PDPSV patient presented with rare ocular findings. There have been 8 PDPSV reports of ocular involvement. Only 3 of those patients developed blepharitis and/or conjunctival disease. None showed simultaneous involvement of sites at disease onset like our patient. Results: Our patient’s concomitant presentation at onset of multiple mucocutaneous sites with blepharitis and conjunctivitis is unique. Conclusions: We propose the term pyoblepharitis vegetans (PBV) to describe vegetating lesions of the eyelids. The diagnosis of PDPSPBV should be considered with presentation of these signs.
Availability, spatial accessibility, utilisation and the role of telehealth for multi-disciplinary paediatric cerebral palsy services in Queensland
Authors: Edirippulige Sisira , Reyno John , Armfield Nigel R , Bambling Matthew , Lloyd Owen , McNevin Elizabeth 
Published: October 2015

Aims The purpose of this study was to understand the methods of current delivery of health care services to cerebral palsy (CP) patients in Queensland, Australia. The study also examines the current use of telehealth by clinicians and their perceptions about telehealth use. Methods Patient records during July 2013–July 2014 were accessed from the Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service (QPRS) to collect information relating to the service delivery for CP patients. Analysis was carried out to examine the patient locations and travel distances using ArcMap geoprocessing software. In addition, 13 face-to-face semi structured interviews were conducted with clinicians from the QPRS and the Cerebral Palsy Health Service (CPHS) to understand the perceptions of clinicians relating to the current level of health care delivery. We also examined the clinicians’ current use of telehealth and their opinions about this method. Results Records of 329 paediatric CP patients were accessed and reviewed. The majority of patients (96%, n = 307) who attended the clinics at the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH), Brisbane, were from remote, rural or regional areas of Queensland. Only 4% of patients ( n = 13) were from major cities. During 12 months, patients had attended nine outreach programmes that were conducted by the QPRS and CPHS. The study found that non-local patients were required to travel an average distance of 836 km to access QPRS and CPHS services in Brisbane. The average distance for receiving a consultation at an outreach clinic was 173 km. Clinicians perceived that access to health care services to CP patients in Queensland is inadequate. Nearly all clinicians interviewed had some experience in using telehealth. They had high satisfaction levels with the method. Conclusions Traditional methods of delivering services to CP patients do not meet their needs. Clinicians have found telehealth is a feasible and satisfactory delivery method. However, the use of telehealth is still limited.
Maternal body mass index, neonatal lung function and respiratory symptoms in childhood
Authors: Eising Jacobien B. , Uiterwaal Cuno S.P.M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. 
Published: November 2015

Recent studies have shown that maternal obesity is associated with increased risk of wheezing in the offspring. We assessed whether impaired neonatal lung function could explain this association.We measured neonatal lung function in 2606 children of our prospective birth cohort. Information about daily symptoms of wheezing was obtained using questionnaires. Consultations and prescriptions for wheezing illnesses were derived from general practitioner patient files.Higher maternal body mass index (BMI) was associated with increased risk of wheezing in the first year of life and more consultations and prescriptions for wheezing illnesses until the age of 5 years. Lung function could partially explain the association with wheezing in the first year of life. Adding respiratory resistance to the model decreased the incidence rate ratio from 1.023 (95% CI 1.008–1.039) to 1.015 (95% CI 0.998–1.032). Anthropometrics of the 5-year-olds largely explained the association with consultations. Intermediates or confounders could not explain the association with prescriptions.There is an association between higher maternal BMI and increased risk of wheezing illnesses. In the first year of life, it is largely explained by an impaired lung function in early life, especially in children of nonatopic mothers. At the age of 5 years, infant lung function is of minor influence in this association.
Severe pulmonary hypertension in lung disease: phenotypes and response to treatment
Authors: Brewis Melanie J. , Church Alistair C. , Johnson Martin K. , Peacock Andrew J. 
Published: November 2015

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to lung disease (World Health Organization (WHO) group 3) is common, but severe PH, arbitrarily defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥35 mmHg is reported in only a small proportion. Whether these should be treated as patients in WHO group 1 (i.e.pulmonary arterial hypertension) with PH-targeted therapies is unknown.We compared the phenotypic characteristics and outcomes of 118 incident patients with severe PH and lung disease with 74 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients, all treated with pulmonary vasodilators.Lung disease patients were older, more hypoxaemic, and had lower gas transfer, worse New York Heart Association functional class and lower 6-min walking distance (6MWD) than IPAH patients. Poorer survival in those with lung disease was driven by the interstitial lung disease (ILD) cohort.In contrast to IPAH, where significant improvements in 6MWD and N-terminal pro-brain natruiretic peptide (NT-proBNP) occurred, PH therapy in severe PH lung disease did not lead to improvement in 6MWD or functional class, but neither was deterioration seen. NT-proBNP decreased from 2200 to 1596 pg·mL−1(p=0.015). Response varied by lung disease phenotype, with poorer outcomes in patients with ILD and emphysema with preserved forced expiratory volume in 1 s. Further study is required to investigate whether vasodilator therapy may delay disease progression in severe PH with lung disease.
Proliferation of East Antarctic Adélie penguins in response to historical deglaciation
Authors: Younger Jane , Emmerson Louise , Southwell Colin , Lelliott Patrick , Miller Karen 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Background
Major, long-term environmental changes are projected in the Southern Ocean and these are likely to have impacts for marine predators such as the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae). Decadal monitoring studies have provided insight into the short-term environmental sensitivities of Adélie penguin populations, particularly to sea ice changes. However, given the long-term nature of projected climate change, it is also prudent to consider the responses of populations to environmental change over longer time scales. We investigated the population trajectory of Adélie penguins during the last glacial-interglacial transition to determine how the species was affected by climate warming over millennia. We focussed our study on East Antarctica, which is home to 30 % of the global population of Adélie penguins.

Methods
Using mitochondrial DNA from extant colonies, we reconstructed the population trend of Adélie penguins in East Antarctica over the past 22,000 years using an extended Bayesian skyline plot method. To determine the relationship of East Antarctic Adélie penguins with populations elsewhere in Antarctica we constructed a phylogeny using mitochondrial DNA sequences.

Results
We found that the Adélie penguin population expanded 135-fold from approximately 14,000 years ago. The population growth was coincident with deglaciation in East Antarctica and, therefore, an increase in ice-free ground suitable for Adélie penguin nesting. Our phylogenetic analysis indicated that East Antarctic Adélie penguins share a common ancestor with Adélie penguins from the Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Arc, with an estimated age of 29,000 years ago, in the midst of the last glacial period. This finding suggests that extant colonies in East Antarctica, the Scotia Arc and the Antarctic Peninsula were founded from a single glacial refuge.

Conclusions
While changes in sea ice conditions are a critical driver of Adélie penguin population success over decadal and yearly timescales, deglaciation appears to have been the key driver of population change over millennia. This suggests that environmental drivers of population trends over thousands of years may differ to drivers over years or decades, highlighting the need to consider millennial-scale trends alongside contemporary data for the forecasting of species’ abundance and distribution changes under future climate change scenarios.
Treatment of acute rhinitis with a nasal spray containing tramazoline and essential oils: a multicenter, uncontrolled, observational trial
Authors: Katona Gábor , Sultész Mónika , Farkas Zsolt , Gyimesi Andrea , Hirschberg Andor , Huszka János , Radvánszky Ferenc , Simon Ákos , Fülöp Gabriella , Láng Júlia , Ablonczy Mária , Nirnberger Günther , Holm Claudia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn this observational trial, data were collected on the effectiveness and tolerability/safety of a nasal spray containing tramazoline and essential oils (trade name Rhinospray® Plus) used for symptomatic treatment of acute rhinitis due to common cold.MethodsThe trial was performed in 300 children, adolescents and adults, who were to be treated with Rhinospray® Plus for up to 4 times per day for up to 10 days. Primary endpoints were the change from baseline to final visit in the mean of three single symptom scores (blocked nose, sneezing, and runny nose) and the mean improvement in two quality‐of‐life parameters (ability to perform normal daytime activities and quality of sleep).ResultsA total of 108 children, 30 adolescents and 162 adults were treated with Rhinospray® Plus. No patient discontinued prematurely. There was a mean reduction of 2.0 ± 0.6 (standard deviation) in nasal symptom scores from baseline to final visit; 297 of 300 of patients (99.0 %) reported an improvement. The mean value for improvement in quality‐of‐life parameters was 1.3 ± 0.5. Improvement in daytime activities was reported by all 300 patients (100.0 %) and in quality of sleep by 292 patients (97.4 %). Effectiveness and tolerability were rated as ‘very good’ or ‘good’ by 95.4 % and 97.4 % of patients, respectively; the investigators rated effectiveness and tolerability as ‘very good’ or ‘good’ for 97.4 % and 100.0 % of patients, respectively. No adverse events were reported.ConclusionsCommunity‐based patients reported a relief in acute rhinitis symptoms and improvement in quality of life as a result of treatment with Rhinospray® Plus. Treatment was well‐tolerated.
Detection, classification, and mapping of U.S. traffic signs using google street view images for roadway inventory management
Authors: Balali Vahid , Ashouri Rad Armin , Golparvar-Fard Mani 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Background
Maintaining an up-to-date record of the number, type, location, and condition of high-quantity low-cost roadway assets such as traffic signs is critical to transportation inventory management systems. While, databases such as Google Street View contain street-level images of all traffic signs and are updated regularly, their potential for creating an inventory databases has not been fully explored. The key benefit of such databases is that once traffic signs are detected, their geographic coordinates can also be derived and visualized within the same platform.

Methods
By leveraging Google Street View images, this paper presents a new system for creating inventories of traffic signs. Using computer vision method, traffic signs are detected and classified into four categories of regulatory, warning, stop, and yield signs by processing images extracted from Google Street View API. Considering the discriminative classification scores from all images that see a sign, the most probable location of each traffic sign is derived and shown on the Google Maps using a dynamic heat map. A data card containing information about location and type of each detected traffic sign is also created. Finally, several data mining interfaces are introduced that allow for better management of the traffic sign inventories.

Results
The experiments conducted on 6.2 miles of I-57 and I-74 interstate highways in the U.S. –with an average accuracy of 94.63 % for sign classification– show the potential of the method to provide quick, inexpensive, and automatic access to asset inventory information.

Conclusions
Given the reliability in performance shown through experiments and because collecting information from Google Street View imagery is cost-effective, the proposed method has potential to deliver inventory information on traffic signs in a timely fashion and tie into the existing DOT inventory management systems. Such spatio-temporal representations provide DOTs with information on how different types of traffic signs degrade over time and further provides useful condition information necessary for predicting sign replacement plan.
Can the MMSE help clinicians predict progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia?
Authors: Mitchell Alex J. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most widely used bedside cognitive test. It has previously been shown to be poor as a case-finding tool for both dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This month's Cochrane Corner review examines whether the MMSE might be used as a risk prediction tool for later dementia in those with established MCI. From 11 studies of modest quality, it appears that the MMSE alone should not be relied on to predict later deterioration in people with MCI. As this is the case, it is likely that only a combination of predictors would be able to accurately predict progression from MCI to dementia.
Practical pharmacotherapy in child psychiatry: an update
Authors: Brown Rachel , James Anthony 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPsychopharmacology is an increasingly important aspect of child and adolescent psychiatry. The evidence base for the psychopharmacological treatment of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive—compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing. This article presents a synthesis of the information from randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses and the UK NICE guidelines as an aid to practical psychopharmacology.
Psychiatric aspects of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Doherty Anne M. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryDiabetes is an increasingly common health problem, especially in the West, where there is an emerging epidemic of type 2 diabetes, closely related to the epidemic of obesity. Many people with diabetes struggle to optimise their diabetes control, often because they also have mental illnesses or psychological and social problems. Poor diabetes control has significant consequences for the individual, and if not addressed will result in complications that include blindness, kidney failure and even amputations. There are also consequences for health services resulting from increased admissions and emergency department presentations with diabetes-related difficulties. In the long-term, the costs associated with complications such as renal failure and amputation are high. Addressing the psychiatric and psychological barriers to good glucose control can help reduce the burden of diabetes and its complications on both the individual and the health service.