bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cationic Ir/Me‐BIPAM‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular Direct Hydroarylation of α‐Ketoamides
Authors: Shirai Tomohiko , Ito Hajime , Yamamoto Yasunori 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAsymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α‐ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3‐substituted 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84–98 % ee). This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)2](BArF4) and the chiral O‐linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)‐Me‐BIPAM.
Application of the 3′‐noncoding region of poliovirus RNA for cell‐based regulation of mRNA stability: Implication for biotechnological applications
Authors: Rasekhian Mahsa , Roohvand Farzin , Teimoori‐Toolabi Ladan , Amini Safieh , Azadmanesh Kayhan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEnrichment of production yield of therapeutic proteins in mammalian cell cultures by modulation of the mRNA stability of the target protein to increase its in vivo half‐life is a new strategy in biotechnological applications. The present article describes one of the most novel approaches to modulate mRNA stability by application of 3′‐noncoding region (3′NCR) from RNA viral genome in the expression constructs. Our data indicated that although utilizing the 3′NCR sequence form poliovirus (PV‐3′NCR) downstream of the target gene might generally stabilize the secondary structure of RNA, it influenced the mRNA stability (and thereby the amount of protein production) in a cell type and time‐dependent manner, thus indicating a central role of mRNA‐stabilizing binding sites/cellular factors in this process. Our data might be of interest to the biotechnology community to improve recombinant protein production in mammalian cell cultures and RNA‐based therapy/vaccination approaches.
Validation of a fully integrated platform and disposable microfluidic chips enabling parallel purification of genome segments for assembly
Authors: Kersaudy‐Kerhoas M. , Amalou F. , Che A. , Kelly J. , Liu Y. , Desmulliez M.P.Y. , Shu W. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTRecent progress in the field of genetic engineering has opened up the door to novel synthetic biology applications. Microfluidic technology has been emphasized as a key technology to support the development of these applications. While several important synthetic biology protocols have been developed in microfluidic format, no study has yet demonstrated on‐chip error control. In synthetic biology protocols, the purification phase is a critical error control process which enhances the reliability of the genome segment assembly by removing undesired oligos. In this context, we report the design and characterization of a fully integrated platform, demonstrating the purification of up to 4 genome segments in parallel, prior to their off‐chip assembly. The key innovation of this platform is the decoupling control strategy which eliminates the need to integrate expensive components onto the microfluidic device, enabling lower cost, disposability and rapid operation. Unlike most microfluidic chips where fluid connector plugs are needed to connect external pumps, this approach is plug‐less and the chips are simply connected to the control breadboard by clamping. Furthermore the passive chip is isolated from the active control layer thereby eliminating the risk of sample‐to‐sample contamination in the reusable parts. As a validation of this fully‐integrated system, the parallel on‐chip purification of genome segments was demonstrated with ratio of correct phenotypes after final assembly up to 20% superior to the bench controls, proving thereby the suitability of the platform for synthetic biology applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1627–1637. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized clinical trial of selective versus routine preoperative duplex ultrasound imaging before arteriovenous fistula surgery
Authors: Smith G E , Barnes R , Chetter I C 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Anatomical suitability for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation was formerly determined by clinical examination alone. There are potential benefits from imaging to assess anatomical suitability. Existing studies examined the role of routine preoperative ultrasonography versus clinical examination alone. The role of a selective duplex ultrasound imaging policy is unknown. This study aimed to compare a policy of selective versus routine ultrasound assessment before AVF formation.

Methods
All patients referred for fistula formation were assessed for inclusion. Suitable patients were randomized to either routine or selective preoperative ultrasound imaging; selective imaging was performed only when clinical criteria were not met. The primary outcome measures were site of AVF formation and 30-day primary failure rate, and secondary outcome measures included the rate of complications.

Results
A total of 106 patients were assessed, and 94 were randomized: 47 to selective and 47 to routine duplex ultrasonography. The groups were well matched for age, co-morbidities and medications. The primary failure rate (29 per cent overall) was not significantly different between the selective and routine imaging groups: 36 per cent (14 of 39) and 21 per cent (8 of 38) respectively (P = 0·144). There were no significant differences in the sites of AVF formation or complication rates.

Conclusion
Routine preoperative ultrasound vessel imaging did not significantly reduce early failure rates, influence the site of AVF formation or reduce complications. If clinical evaluation detects anatomy suitable for AVF formation, duplex imaging may not be needed. Registration number: NCT01004627 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Discrepancies between medical oncologists and surgeons in assessment of resectability and indication for chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Homayounfar K , Bleckmann A , Helms H-J , Lordick F , Rüschoff J , Conradi L-C , Sprenger T , Ghadimi M , Liersch T 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Multidisciplinary discussion of the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is advocated currently. The aim of this study was to investigate medical oncologists' and surgeons' assessment of resectability and indication for chemotherapy, and the effect of an educational intervention on such assessment.

Methods
Medical histories of 30 patients with CRLM were presented to ten experienced medical oncologists and 11 surgeons at an initial virtual tumour board meeting (TB1). Treatment recommendations were obtained from each participant by voting for standardized answers. Following lectures on the potential of chemotherapy and surgery, assessment was repeated at a second virtual tumour board meeting (TB2), using the same patients and participants.

Results
Overall, 630 answers (21 × 30) were obtained per tumour board meeting. At TB1, resectability was expected more frequently by surgeons. Participants changed 56·8 per cent of their individual answers at TB2. Assessment shifted from potentially resectable to resectable CRLM in 81 of 161 and from unresectable to (potentially) resectable CRLM in 29 of 36 answers. Preoperative chemotherapy was indicated more often by medical oncologists, and overall was included in 260 answers (41·3 per cent) at TB1, compared with only 171 answers (27·1 per cent) at TB2. Medical oncologists more often changed their decision to primary resection in resectable patients (P = 0·006). Postoperative chemotherapy was included in 51·9 and 52·4 per cent of all answers at TB1 and TB2 respectively, with no difference in changes between medical oncologists and surgeons (P = 0·980).

Conclusion
Resectability and indication for preoperative chemotherapy were assessed differently by medical oncologists and surgeons. The educational intervention resulted in more patients deemed resectable by both oncologists and surgeons, and less frequent indication for chemotherapy.
Image‐based method to measure and characterize shim‐induced eddy current fields
Authors: Bhogal Alex , Versluis Maarten , Koonen Jos , Siero Jeroen C.W. , Boer Vincent O. , Klomp Dennis , Luijten Peter R. , Hoogduin Hans 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTDynamic magnetic field shimming is gaining interest for field sensitive MRI acquisitions. Using slice based or real‐time shim updating, significant improvements in static field (B0) uniformity can be obtained. While the ability to rapidly switch shim fields can improve overall B0 homogeneity, it induces eddy current fields that must be characterized and compensated for. Methods used to achieve this have thus far been based on linear projection spin echo sequences or field probe assemblies. Here, a novel image‐based method is presented to measure and characterize eddy current fields without the need for field probes or projection based measurements. This technique can be extended to characterize very high order spherical harmonic fields, making it a useful tool to calibrate next‐generation shim systems implementing dynamic field steering with greater than third order shim terms. Results are used to calibrate a Dynamic Shim Updating unit for pre‐emphasis and eddy current compensation. Three‐dimensional datasets are acquired at multiple MR facilities containing complete spatiotemporal field information to compensate eddy current field self‐ and cross‐terms for up to third order. Furthermore, simulation studies are performed to investigate the effect of scan resolution and phantom size with respect to accurate eddy current field characterization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 42A: 245–260, 2013.
Structures of Medium‐Sized Ruthenium Clusters: The Octahedral Motif
Authors: Waldt Eugen , Ahlrichs Reinhart , Kappes Manfred M. , Schooss Detlef 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe describe the first direct structural characterization of medium‐sized ruthenium clusters (Ru19−, Ru28−, Ru38−, and Ru44−) by using a combination of trapped ion electron diffraction and density functional theory. We find close‐packed structures based on octahedral geometries: Ru19− and Ru44− are closed‐shell octahedra whereas Ru28− is a double octahedron. In the case of Ru38−, instead of a truncated octahedron we obtain evidence for lower symmetry structures containing a reentrant surface.
Hydrolysis of Oligosaccharides Over Solid Acid Catalysts: A Review
Authors: Vilcocq Léa , Castilho Paula C. , Carvalheiro Florbela , Duarte Luís C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMild fractionation/pretreatment processes are becoming the most preferred choices for biomass processing within the biorefinery framework. To further explore their advantages, new developments are needed, especially to increase the extent of the hydrolysis of poly‐ and oligosaccharides. A possible way forward is the use of solid acid catalysts that may overcome many current drawbacks of other common methods. In this Review, the advantages and limitations of the use of heterogeneous catalysis for the main groups of solid acid catalysts (zeolites, resins, carbon materials, clays, silicas, and other oxides) and their relation to the hydrolysis of model soluble disaccharides and soluble poly‐ and oligosaccharides are presented and discussed. Special attention is given to the hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and hemicellulose‐derived saccharides into monosaccharides, the impact on process performance of potential catalyst poisons originating from biomass and biomass hydrolysates (e.g., proteins, mineral ions, etc.). The data clearly point out the need for studying hemicelluloses in natura rather than in model compound solutions that do not retain the relevant factors influencing process performance. Furthermore, the desirable traits that solid acid catalysts must possess for the efficient hemicellulose hydrolysis are also presented and discussed with regard to the design of new catalysts.
Role of Ultrathin Metal Fluoride Layer in Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Mechanism of Efficiency and Lifetime Enhancement
Authors: Lim Kyung‐Geun , Choi Mi‐Ri , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Kim Dong Hun , Jung Gwan Ho , Park Yongsup , Lee Jong‐Lam , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough rapid progress has been made recently in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, systematic studies on an ultrathin interfacial layer at the electron extraction contact have not been conducted in detail, which is important to improve both the device efficiency and the lifetime. We find that an ultrathin BaF2 layer at the electron extraction contact strongly influences the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) as the nanomorphology evolves with increasing BaF2 thickness. A vacuum‐deposited ultrathin BaF2 layer grows by island growth, so BaF2 layers with a nominal thickness less than that of single‐coverage layer (≈3 nm) partially cover the polymeric photoactive layer. As the nominal thickness of the BaF2 layer increased to that of a single‐coverage layer, the Voc and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) increased but the short‐circuit current remained almost constant. The fill factor and the PCE decreased abruptly as the thickness of the BaF2 layer exceeded that of a single‐coverage layer, which was ascribed to the insulating nature of BaF2. We find the major cause of the increased Voc observed in these devices is the lowered work function of the cathode caused by the reaction and release of Ba from thin BaF2 films upon deposition of Al. The OPV device with the BaF2 layer showed a slightly improved maximum PCE (4.0 %) and a greatly (approximately nine times) increased device half‐life under continuous simulated solar irradiation at 100 mW cm−2 as compared with the OPV without an interfacial layer (PCE=2.1 %). We found that the photodegradation of the photoactive layer was not a major cause of the OPV degradation. The hugely improved lifetime with cathode interface modification suggests a significant role of the cathode interfacial layer that can help to prolong device lifetimes.
DSM‐5 eating disorders and other specified eating and feeding disorders: Is there a meaningful differentiation?
Authors: Fairweather‐Schmidt A. Kate , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn the DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria for eating disorders, two main groups appear, threshold eating disorders (TED; anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder), and other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED). In addition to calculating prevalence of these two groups, we examined the degree to which they could be differentiated in terms of impairment and risk factors.MethodAdolescent female twins (N = 699) were interviewed with the Eating Disorder Examination on three occasions spanning 12.70–19.84 years of age. Assessments also included self‐report measures related to impairment and risk.ResultsPrevalence of DSM‐5 ED in this adolescent population was 10.4%; 5.4% for TED and 5% for OSFED. Impairment levels did not distinguish TED and OSFED groups at any wave. Examination of latent risk factors showed TED and OSFED groups to share a common genetic basis; however, largely nonoverlapping unique environmental influences contributed to the two groups. Specific risk factors commonly differentiated the no ED and TED groups, but not OSFED.DiscussionThe findings suggest that TED and OSFED groups cannot be discriminated by prevalence or impairment or genetic risk factors. It is anticipated that OSFED will possess limited clinical utility for adolescents. Future research should examine clinical cases of these two groups in terms of meaningful differences, and a research focus should be maintained on both groups. Further examination of specific environmental risk factors that may attenuate the level of symptoms between the two groups may provide useful information for prevention efforts. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:524–533)
Commercial Screen‐Printed Gold Electrodes for the Detection and Quantification of Aminothiols in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Cavanillas Santiago , Serrano Núria , Díaz‐Cruz José Manuel , Ariño Cristina , Esteban Miquel 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn order to show the possibilities of screen‐printed electrodes in HPLC detection, a method is presented for routine quantification of aminothiols in human plasma. It uses commercial gold screen‐printed electrodes and provides a rapid, simple and economical procedure with a disposable detector and without any additional electrode. By working at 98 : 2 (0.05 % trifluoroacetic acid: methanol) and 0.9 V, it allows us to determine cysteine (Cys), cysteinyl‐glycine (Cys‐Gly), and homocysteine (HCys) at μmol/L levels. The method was validated, and linearity range, detection and quantification limits, precision and accuracy were evaluated by external calibration and by using N‐acetylcysteine as internal standard, which exhibited better precision.
Quantification and modeling of foot trail surface erosion in a dry sub‐tropical setting
Authors: Ramos‐Scharrón Carlos E. , Reale‐Munroe Kynoch , Atkinson Scott C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic disturbance often increases surface erosion and this may have potential detrimental effects on downstream aquatic resources. Foot trails are often overlooked as they represent only a small fragment of the landscape, yet they can be important sources of sediment, particularly in pristine areas. The trail network above East End Bay on the island of St Croix in the US Virgin Islands is the sole anthropogenic source of terrestrial sediment in the area. Concern over the potential for trail erosion to stress nearshore coral reefs of the East End Marine Park led to trail reconstruction and restoration efforts. The objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify trail erosion rates; (2) identify key factors controlling erosion rates; (3) develop an empirical trail erosion model. Sediment production was measured from 12 trail segments with sediment traps from November 2009 to October 2011.Annual trail erosion rates ranged from 0.6 to 81 Mg ha−1 yr−1. The lower values were from abandoned trails with a dense vegetation cover, while the highest rates were associated with devegetated trails immediately following construction or restoration. Trail erosion was a function of rainfall, slope, and vegetation cover density raised to the negative 1.7th power. Annual trail erosion rates were one‐ to three‐orders of magnitude higher than measured surface erosion rates on undisturbed hillslopes. The absence of rills or gullies suggests that traditional parametric or repeated transect monitoring commonly used to assess trail erosion may greatly underestimate actual sediment production rates. The new empirical trail erosion model serves as a tool to assess the effects of trail construction and restoration activities in the generation of sediment from small catchments in East End Bay and in other similar settings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SUMOylation Attenuates the Transcriptional Activity of the NF‐κB Subunit RelB
Authors: Leidner Julia , Voogdt Cornelia , Niedenthal Rainer , Möller Peter , Marienfeld Uta , Marienfeld Ralf B. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe NF‐κB subunit RelB is known to act either as an activator or repressor of NF‐κB‐dependent gene expression. The RelB–p52 heterodimer, for instance, is the key element of the alternative NF‐κB signaling pathway supporting the expression of a subset of NF‐κB target genes. By contrast, RelB is crucial for the repression of important pro‐inflammatory cytokines like TNFα or interleukin 1β. Despite accumulating reports describing the functional variability of RelB, the molecular mechanisms underlying these divergent functions are still unknown. One potential explanation could be a functional reprogramming of RelB by different post‐translational modifications. Here, we demonstrate that SUMOylation of RelB might be one of these post‐translational modifications rendering the function of the NF‐κB transcription factor RelB. In vivo SUMOylation analyses using either the UBC9‐fusion‐directed SUMOylation method or endogenous proteins from Namalwa B cells revealed that RelB is modified by either SUMO1 or SUMO2 attachment at various sites. Functional studies suggest that SUMOylation converts RelB into a transcriptional repressor. For instance, a SUMO1‐RelB fusion protein mimicking RelB‐SUMOylation displayed a reduced transcriptional activity in comparison to wild type RelB. Consistently, inactivation of specific SUMOylation sites in the central part of RelB augmented the transcription activity of the corresponding RelB mutant. Taken together, our data suggest that SUMOylation might be a potential molecular mechanism involved in reprogramming RelB, thus contributing to its functional diversity. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1430–1440, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of anacetrapib, a cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, do not prolong the QTcF interval in healthy volunteers
Authors: Lauring Brett , Liu Yang , Li Xiujiang (Susie) , Larson Patrick , Moreau Allison , Farmer H. Frank , Johnson‐Levonas Amy O. , Wagner John A. , Lai Eseng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAnacetrapib is a cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor in Phase III development. This double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomized, placebo‐ and active‐comparator‐controlled, 4‐period, balanced crossover study evaluated the effects of anacetrapib (100 mg and 800 mg) on QTcF interval in healthy subjects. QTcF measurements were made up to 24 h following administration of single doses of anacetrapib 100 or 800 mg, moxifloxacin 400 mg, or placebo in the fed state. The primary hypothesis was supported if the 90% CI for the least squares (LS) mean differences between anacetrapib 800 mg and placebo in QTcF interval change from baseline were entirely <10 msec at every post‐dose time point (1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h). The upper bounds of the 90% CIs for LS mean differences from placebo in changes from baseline in QTcF intervals for anacetrapib 100 and 800 mg were <5 msec at every time point. In conclusion, single doses of anacetrapib 100 and 800 mg do not prolong the QTcF interval to a clinically meaningful degree relative to placebo and are generally well tolerated in healthy subjects.
Postendoscopic duodenal hematoma in children: Ultrasound diagnosis and follow‐up
Authors: Dumitriu Dana , Menten Renaud , Smets Françoise , Clapuyt Philippe 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIntramural duodenal hematomas have most frequently been reported in children in a traumatic setting. We present two cases of duodenal hematoma that occurred after upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy with biopsy in children without significant prior medical history. The diagnosis was made by ultrasound, in correlation with the clinical presentation. Because the patients were hemodynamically stable, they were treated conservatively and the regression of the hematoma was followed up with ultrasound until its complete resolution. These cases demonstrate the risks of endoscopy, which are not to be neglected even in children without impaired coagulation, and the manner in which ultrasound can provide the correct diagnosis and follow‐up. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:550–553, 2014