bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older Adults Recently Discharged from the Hospital: Effect of Aerobic Interval Exercise on Health‐Related Quality of Life, Physical Fitness, and Physical Activity
Authors: Brovold Therese , Skelton Dawn A. , Bergland Astrid 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo compare the effect of high‐intensity aerobic interval exercise (HIA) with home‐based exercise (HB) in older adults with chronic disease soon after discharge from the hospital.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingHospital.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling older adults aged 70 to 92 (N = 115) were recruited while in the hospital. After discharge, they were randomized to HIA group (n = 59) or HB (n = 56).InterventionHigh‐intensity aerobic interval exercise (HIA) consisted of endurance, strength, and balance exercises. The HB consisted of low‐intensity exercises and telephone follow‐up from a physical therapist.MeasurementsHealth‐related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short Form Survey, physical fitness was measured using the Senior Fitness Test, and physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly.ResultsIntention‐to‐treat analysis showed that both groups improved their HRQOL and physical activity after 3 months. Improvements on the Senior Fitness Test (chair stand, arm curl and 6‐minute walk (6MWT)) were significantly greater in the HIA group than the HB group. The mean difference was 25.9 m on the 6MWT (P = .001, effect size d = 0.2), 1.3 per 30 seconds on the chair stands mean (P = .001, effect size d = 0.3), and 1.6 per 30 seconds on the arm curl (P = .001, effect size d = 0.4).ConclusionHigh‐intensity aerobic interval exercise (HIA) participants significantly improved their physical fitness. Both groups increased their HRQOL and physical activity. The findings suggest that exercise therapy should be incorporated as a part of the treatment for older people at risk for functional decline.
Advancing Age and 30‐Day Adverse Outcomes After Nonemergent General Surgeries
Authors: Gajdos Csaba , Kile Deidre , Hawn Mary T. , Finlayson Emily , Henderson William G. , Robinson Thomas N. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo determine whether 30‐day postoperative mortality, complications, failure‐to‐rescue (FTR) rates, and postoperative length of stay increase with advancing age.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingHospitals participating in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.ParticipantsIndividuals undergoing nonemergent major general surgeries between 2005 and 2008 were studied (N = 165,600).MeasurementsPostoperative outcomes of interest were complications occurring within 30 days of the index operation, return to the operating room within 30 days, FTR after a postoperative complication, postsurgical length of stay, and 30‐day mortality.ResultsPostoperative mortality, overall morbidity, and each type of postoperative complication increased with increasing age. Rates of FTR after each type of postoperative complication also increased with age. Mortality in individuals aged 80 and older after renal insufficiency (43.3%), stroke (36.5%), myocardial infarction (MI) (35.6%), and pulmonary complications (25–39%) were particularly high. Median postoperative length of stay increased with age after surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, return to the operating room, and overall morbidity but not after venous thromboembolism, stroke, MI, renal insufficiency, failure to wean from the ventilator, or reintubation.ConclusionThirty‐day mortality and complication and FTR rates increase with age after nonemergent general surgeries. Individuals aged 80 and older have especially high mortality after renal, cardiovascular, and pulmonary complications. Surgeons need to be more selective with advancing age regarding who will benefit from the surgical intervention.
Alveolar Nerve Repositioning with Rescue Implants for Management of Previous Treatment. A Clinical Report
Authors: Amet EDward M. , Uehlein Chris 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe goal of modern implant dentistry is to return patients to oral health in a rapid and predictable fashion, following a diagnostically driven treatment plan. If only a limited number of implants can be placed, or some fail and the prosthetic phase of implant dentistry is chosen to complete the patient's treatment, the final outcome may result in partial patient satisfaction and is commonly referred to as a “compromise.” Previous All‐on‐4 implant treatment for the patient presented here resulted in a compromise, with an inadequate support system for the mandibular prosthesis and a maxillary complete denture with poor esthetics. The patient was unable to function adequately and also was disappointed with the resulting appearance. Correction of the compromised treatment consisted of bilateral inferior alveolar nerve elevation and repositioning without bone removal for lateral transposition, to gain room for rescue implants for a totally implant‐supported and stabilized prosthesis. Treatment time to return the patient to satisfactory comfort, function, facial esthetics, and speech was approximately 2 weeks. The definitive mandibular prosthesis was designed for total implant support and stability with patient retrievability. Adequate space between the mandibular bar system and the soft tissue created a high water bridge effect for self‐cleansing. Following a short interim mandibular healing period, the maxillary sinuses were bilaterally grafted to compensate for bone inadequacies and deficiencies for future maxillary implant reconstruction.
Personality‐Relationship Transactions Revisited
Authors: Neyer Franz J. , Mund Marcus , Zimmermann Julia , Wrzus Cornelia 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe transactional paradigm states that people create, maintain, and change their environments according to their personalities. At the same time, the environment reacts back on personality. As social relationships are part of an individual's environment, this likewise implies that there are reciprocal transactions between personality and relationships. However, earlier studies have concluded that adult personality traits are so stable that they have a stronger effect on later relationships, but that relationship effects on personality are negligible. In this article, we contend that personality‐relationship transactions should be revisited. We submit that the relative powers of personality versus relationship effects depend on the type of life transition during which the effects take place: Relationship effects on personality development are more likely to emerge in the context of rather normative and highly scripted life transitions, whereas personality effects on relationship development are more likely to occur in the context of rather non‐normative life transitions that are less regulated by social expectations. We illustrate these assumptions with examples from our own work and other findings reported in the literature. Furthermore, we theorize that effects of personality‐relationship transactions on health also vary with the normativeness of the eliciting life transition.
Protist distribution in the Western Fram Strait in summer 2010 based on 454‐pyrosequencing of 18S rDNA
Authors: Kilias Estelle , Wolf Christian , Nöthig Eva‐Maria , Peeken Ilka , Metfies Katja 
Published: August 2013

In this study, we present the first comprehensive analyses of the diversity and distribution of marine protist (micro‐, nano‐, and picoeukaryotes) in the Western Fram Strait, using 454‐pyrosequencing and high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) at five stations in summer 2010. Three stations (T1; T5; T7) were influenced by Polar Water, characterized by cold water with lower salinity (<33) and different extents of ice concentrations. Atlantic Water influenced the other two stations (T6; T9). While T6 was located in the mixed water zone characterized by cold water with intermediate salinity (~33) and high ice concentrations, T9 was located in warm water with high salinity (~35) and no ice‐coverage at all. General trends in community structure according to prevailing environmental settings, observed with both methods, coincided well. At two stations, T1 and T7, characterized by lower ice concentrations, diatoms (Fragilariopsis sp., Porosira sp., Thalassiosira spp.) dominated the protist community. The third station (T5) was ice‐covered, but has been ice‐free for ~4 weeks prior to sampling. At this station, dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae 1, Woloszynskia sp. and Gyrodinium sp.) were dominant, reflecting a post‐bloom situation. At station T6 and T9, the protist communities consisted mainly of picoeukaryotes, e.g., Micromonas spp. Based on our results, 454‐pyrosequencing has proven to be an adequate tool to provide comprehensive information on the composition of protist communities. Furthermore, this study suggests that a snap‐shot of a few, but well‐chosen samples can provide an overview of community structure patterns and succession in a dynamic marine environment.
Explicit tests of palaeodrainage connections of southeastern North America and the historical biogeography of Orangethroat Darters (Percidae: Etheostoma:Ceasia)
Authors: Bossu Christen M. , Beaulieu Jeremy M. , Ceas Patrick A. , Near Thomas J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe alteration in palaeodrainage river connections has shaped patterns of speciation, genetic diversity and the geographical distribution of the species‐rich freshwater fauna of North America. The integration of ancestral range reconstruction methods and divergence time estimates provides an opportunity to infer palaeodrainage connectivity and test alternative palaeodrainage hypotheses. Members of the Orangethroat Darter clade, Ceasia, are endemic to southeastern North America and occur north and south of the Pleistocene glacial front, a distributional pattern that makes this clade of closely related species an ideal system to investigate the number and location of glacial refugia and compare alternative hypotheses regarding the proposed evolution of the Teays‐Mahomet palaeodrainage. This study utilized time‐calibrated mitochondrial and nuclear gene phylogenies and present‐day geographical distributions to investigate hypothesized Teays‐Mahomet River connections through time using a dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis (DEC) framework. Results of DEC ancestral area reconstructions indicate that the Teays‐Mahomet River was a key dispersal route between disjunct highland regions connecting the Mississippi River tributaries to the Old‐Ohio Drainage minimally at two separate occasions during the Pleistocene. There was a dynamic interplay between palaeodrainage connections through time and postglacial range expansion from three glacial refugia that shaped the current genetic structure and geographical distributions of the species that comprise Ceasia.
Accumulation, Structural Change and External Balances in a World with Internationally Traded Environmental Assets
Authors: Razmi Arslan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEnvironmental literature has largely neglected macroeconomic considerations, especially open economy and asset market ones. This paper develops a small country framework that seeks to address these issues. Medium‐ and long‐run aspects are explored using standard trade and portfolio balance models, modified to incorporate trade in claims on non‐renewable resources (environmental assets). In the medium run, changes in environmental regulations, saving behavior and other variables affect the current account, investment and composition of output. In the long run, both the sectoral intensity of environment use and the structure of the economy are affected, as are the capital stock and the global distribution of claims on resources.
When the swimming gets tough, the tough form a biofilm
Authors: Belas Robert 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBacteria live either as independent planktonic cells or as members of surface‐attached communities called biofilms. Motility and biofilm development are mutually exclusive events, and control of the phase of this ‘swim‐or‐stick’ switch involves the ability of the bacterium to sense and respond appropriately to a surface. Cairns et al. (2013) report that the Bacillus subtilis flagellum functions in surface‐sensing. Using mutants of B. subtilis that prevent flagellum rotation, they measured the expression and activity of DegU, the response regulator of the two‐component DegS–DegU circuit. DegU activity and degU transcription increased when flagellum rotation was prevented, and were dependent on the DegS kinase. Inhibiting flagellar rotation by overexpressing the EpsE flagellar ‘clutch’ or addition of anti‐flagellin antiserum also increased degU transcription and activity. These results suggest B. subtilis senses restriction of flagellum rotation as the cell nears a surface. Inhibition of the flagellum activates the DegS–DegU circuit to turn on biofilm formation, i.e. the flagellum is acting as a mechanosensor of surfaces. B. subtilis joins an ever‐expanding group of bacteria, including species of Vibrio, Proteus and Caulobacter that use the flagellum as a surface sensor.
OPTIMIZING THE PERFORMANCE OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE IN EASTERN ENGLAND UNDER DIFFERENT WATER PRICING AND REGULATION STRATEGIES
Authors: VASILEIOU KONSTANTINOS , MITROPOULOS PANAGIOTIS , MITROPOULOS IOANNIS 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIrrigation water shortage is becoming an increasingly serious problem in agricultural production. Growing pressure on water resources is leading to increasing restrictions on abstraction for irrigation and consideration of the use of economic instruments, such as increased abstraction charges and/or tradable licences, to restrict demand and encourage wiser use of water.We evaluate irrigation using selected economic, social, and environmental indicators of performance, including the value of water used for irrigation. A linear programming model is developed and used to simulate possible responses by irrigators and the impact on irrigation performance of intervention measures, namely abstraction quota restrictions and volumetric pricing that might be used to ration water and/or increase water use efficiency. Through the use of parametric programming a scenario analysis is performed to a case study in eastern England with regard to perturbations of irrigation water under alternative policy instruments.
Growth rate affects the responses of the green alga Tetraselmis suecica to external perturbations
Authors: FANESI ANDREA , RAVEN JOHN A. , GIORDANO MARIO 
Published: August 2013

We hypothesized that the duration of the perturbation relative to the reproduction rate influences the response mode to external perturbations and the degree of (organic) compositional homeostasis. Our findings are consistent with this hypothesis.When different growth rates were imposed to cells of the same species, the degree of compositional homeostasis following an external perturbation was significantly higher in the cells with slower growth rate. The ability to maintain a constant composition was however vinculated by the availability of sufficient energy.
Effect of Light Environment on Growth and Phenylpropanoids of Yarrow (Achillea collina cv. SPAK) Grown in the Alps
Authors: Giorgi Annamaria , Manzo Alessandra , Vagge Ilda , Panseri Sara 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA 2‐year field study on the effect of different light environments, obtained by using cladding materials (polyethylene films and shade net) able to cut off specific regions of the photosynthetically active radiation and ultraviolet wavebands, on the growth and phenylpropanoids content of Achillea collina grown in the Alps was conducted. Overall the plant growth was strongly enhanced in the second growing season irrespective of radiation treatment. The light environment did not affect total biomass accumulation, but only carbon allocation to leaves or inflorescences. Indeed the phenylpropanoid levels in inflorescences appeared to be more sensitive to the light environment than leaves as the latter showed high constitutive amounts of these compounds. However, the use of polyethylene films improved to some extent the content of caffeic acid derivatives in leaves. Our results showed that yarrow production, in the alpine situation considered, is influenced by the growing season and the light environment, providing a basis to optimize its quality, depending on the concentration of bioactive compounds, by means of proper agronomic practices.
Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus binds to complement C3 and inhibits its activity
Authors: Sahoo S. , Murugavel S. , Devi I. K. , Vedamurthy G. V. , Gupta S. C. , Singh B. P. , Joshi P. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryHaemonchus contortus is an economically important gastrointestinal parasite that infects primarily sheep and goats. To survive inside the host, the parasite must overcome the host immune response. In this study, we have identified and characterized a complement‐C3‐binding protein (H.c‐C3BP) from this parasite employing biochemical and molecular biology tools. Initially, a truncated form of the protein was isolated from the excretory–secretory products of the parasite using C3–Sepharose column that facilitated its identification by mass spectroscopy. Subsequently, the parent molecule was generated in E. coli, and sequence analysis confirmed it as glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). GAPDH reacted with the antiserum raised against the truncated protein, and the truncated protein reacted with anti‐GAPDH antiserum. The protein inhibited complement function as measured by haemolytic assay and membrane attack complex (MAC) formation. Sera from H. contortus‐infected animals reacted with GAPDH as well as the truncated form of the protein, which further lend support to protein secretion. Thus, the C3‐binding property of H. contortus GAPDH is a new function, and it represents a new entity of complement‐binding protein. Identification and characterization of H.c‐C3BP should facilitate development of new therapeutics considering a key role of this protein in immune modulation.
Actin cytoskeleton and organelle movement in the sporangiophore of the zygomycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus
Authors: Grolig F. , Moch J. , Schneider A. , Galland P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGrowth, photo‐ and gravitropism of sporangiophores of the zygomycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus occur within the apical growing zone, a cylindrical structure (diameter about 100 μm) that reaches about 1.5–2.5 mm below the tip and has growth rates up to 50 μm·min−1. To better understand morphogenesis and growth of the giant aerial hypha, we investigated with confocal microscopy and inhibitors the actin cytoskeleton and by in‐vivo particle tracking the associated organelle movement. We found stage‐1 sporangiophores (without sporangium) possess an actin cytoskeleton with polar zonation. (i) In the apex, abundant microfilaments without preferential orientation entangled numerous nuclei as well as a conspicious complex of some 200 lipid globules. Microfilament patches (≈ 1.6‐μm diameter) are clustered in the tip and were found in the apical cortex, whereas short, curved microfilament bundles (≈ 2.3‐μm long) prevailed in the subapex. (ii) In a transition zone downwards to the shaft, the microfilaments rearranged into a dense mat of longitudinal microfilaments that was parallel close to the periphery but more random towards the cell centre. Numerous microfilament patches were found near the cortex (≈ 10/100 μm2); their number decreased rapidly in the subcortex. In contrast, the short, curved microfilament bundles were found only in the subcortex. (iii) The basal shaft segment of the sporangiophore (with central vacuole) exhibited bidirectional particle movement over long distances (velocity ≈ 2 μm·s−1) along massive longitudinal, subcortical microfilament cables. The zonation of the cytoskeleton density correlated well with the local growth rates at the tip of the sporangiophore, and appears thus as a structural prerequisite for growth and bending.
Interactions and competition processes among tree species in young experimental mixed forests, assessed with chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf morphology
Authors: Pollastrini M. , Holland V. , Brüggemann W. , Koricheva J. , Jussila I. , Scherer‐Lorenzen M. , Berger S. , Bussotti F. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractChlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) and leaf morphology were assessed in two sites in Europe (Kaltenborn, Germany, and Satakunta, Finland) within a forest diversity experiment. Trees at Satakunta, planted in 1999, form a stratified canopy, while in Kaltenborn the trees are 7 years old, with no apparent canopy connection among broadleaf species. The following ChlF parameters from measured OJIP transient curves were examined: FV/FM (a proxy for maximum quantum yield); ΨEo (a proxy for efficiency in transferring an electron from reduced QA to the electron transport chain); I‐P phase (a proxy for efficiency of reducing final acceptors beyond PSI); and PItot (total performance index for potential energy conservation from photons absorbed by PSII to reduction of PSI end acceptors). At Satakunta FV/FM and ΨEo in Betula pendula were higher in monocultures and lower in mixed plots, perhaps due to increasing light availability in mixed plots, which can induce photoinhibition. The opposite trend was observed in Picea abies, which was shaded in mixed plots. At Kaltenborn FV/FM decreased in Fagus sylvatica and P. abies in mixed plots due to competition both above‐ and belowground. At Satakunta LMA increased in B. pendula leaves with increasing species richness. Leaf area of ten leaves was reduced in F. sylvatica in mixed plots at Kaltenborn. By up‐scaling the overall fluorescence response to plot level (PItot_plot), a significant positive correlation with tree diversity was found at Kaltenborn, but not at Satakunta. This could suggest that competition/facilitation processes in mixed stands play a significant role in the early stages of forest establishment, but then tend to be compensated in more mature stands.
Impeding the Juggernaut of Innovation Diffusion: A Production‐Constrained Model
Authors: Balakrishnan P. V. (Sundar) , Pathak Surya 
Published: August 2013

Models of innovation diffusion typically depict an inexorable momentum once the process begins to roll. Limited production capacity, however, can place a cap on this process, leading to waiting lines of potential customers, thus diminishing overall service quality and the speed of diffusion. Identifying the minimum production capacity needed for unimpeded and unimpaired diffusion can ensure that there are no customers waiting to adopt the product. We propose a production‐capacity‐constrained diffusion model that considers an exogenous industry production capacity and accounts for word‐of‐mouth effects from adopters as well as waiting customers. We derive analytical expressions for minimum capacity needed under multiple production scenarios. We present a dual‐objective non‐linear least squares procedure with large‐scale grid search for estimating the parameters. We apply our model to several new product innovation data sets, ranging from vacuum cleaners to sports utility vehicles in the United States to iPhones globally. Our estimates show that product shortages exist, ranging from mild to severe, in all of these product markets. We are able to corroborate some of our findings with independent external sources of evidence. We find that information on industry capacity can be recovered with as few as 5 years of sales data. Our model has practical implications for policy makers and can help equity analysts triangulate industry capacity better, particularly when such information is closely held.