bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Left Atrial Performance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Overt Cardiac Disease and Inducible Ischemia: High Prevalence of Increased Systolic Force Related to Enhanced Left Ventricular Systolic Longitudinal Function
Authors: Mazzone Carmine , Cioffi Giovanni , Faganello Giorgio , Faggiano Pompilio , Candido Riccardo , Cherubini Antonella , Tarantini Luigi , De Feo Stefania , Di Lenarda Andrea 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesIn patients with chronic pressure overload, higher left atrial systolic force (LASF) is associated with high‐risk cardiovascular (CV) phenotype, with increased left ventricular (LV) mass, concentric hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction. In hypertension and aortic stenosis, LASF predicts increased rate of CV events independent of traditional risk factors. Moreover, LASF is an independent predictor of heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Limited data are available about LASF and its relationship with LV systolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsWe used baseline clinic and echocardiographic data from 333 patients recruited in the SHORTWAVE study evaluating LV and left atrial performance in T2DM patients without cardiac disease. LASF was calculated by Manning's method and defined high when exceeded 16 Kdynes (90th percentile of LASF found in 120 healthy subjects used as controls).ResultsMean LASF was 15.8 Â ± 9.4 Kdynes/cm2 and showed a close positive correlation with peak mitral annular systolic velocity (function of LV longitudinal fibers), independent of E/E′, age, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and concentric geometry (multiple R = 0.57, P < 0.0001). Such independent correlation (tested in patients with and without concomitant hypertension) was confirmed at multiple logistic regression analysis where patients were dichotomized for having high (119 = 36%) or normal LASF.ConclusionsHigh LASF is present in one third of T2DM patients without overt cardiac disease and is positively and independently related to an increased LV longitudinal shortening function, suggesting a close interaction between LV systolic and diastolic function.
Resistance to Bemisia tabaci biotype B of Solanum pimpinellifolium is associated with higher densities of type IV glandular trichomes and acylsugar accumulation
Authors: Silva Karla F.A.S. , Michereff‐Filho Miguel , Fonseca Maria E.N. , Silva‐Filho José G. , Texeira Ana C.A. , Moita Antônio Williams , Torres Jorge B. , Fernández‐Muñoz Rafael , Boiteux Leonardo S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAdvances in tomato breeding for pest resistance have been achieved via gene introgression from wild Solanum (section Lycopersicon) species (Solanaceae). Ninety‐nine F3 families derived from an interspecific cross using as parental lines Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘LAM‐148' (susceptible standard) and Solanum pimpinellifolium L. ‘TO‐937‐15’ (multiple pest resistance accession with type IV glandular trichomes and acylsugar accumulation) were evaluated for their resistance against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype B in free‐choice and no‐choice tests for oviposition and adult colonization. The parental lines and eight F3 families with contrasting levels of resistance against the whitefly were selected and investigated in additional assays, which included the estimation of trichome densities and foliar acylsugar levels. The F3 families BTR‐302 and BTR‐331 exhibited low amounts of eggs of whitefly and transgressive segregation for type IV glandular trichome density with values greater than that of TO‐937‐15 plants. However, the tested families did not surpass the total foliar acylsugar content found in TO‐937‐15. BTR‐331 exhibited low colonization in the free‐choice test and it was the least preferred F3 family in the no‐choice test. The higher resistance levels of BTR‐331 were associated with a positive combination of higher type IV trichome density and higher acylsugar levels. Some F3 families displayed reduced fruit set due to the presence of flowers with style exertion of the antheridial‐cone. Fruit weight at harvest stage of the selected families (from 4.9 to 14.5 g) was lower than that of LAM‐148 (139.5 g) but higher than that of TO‐937‐15 plants (1.3 g). Therefore, although difficult to reach due to the simultaneous segregation of many polygenic traits, the combination of high B. tabaci resistance levels with superior horticultural traits is feasible. These results confirm TO‐937‐15 as a source of biotype B resistance. From the breeding standpoint, the genetic similarity between S. lycopersicum and S. pimpinellifolium would allow a more efficient resistance introgression by facilitating recombination and minimizing the potentially undesirable linkage drag associated with this trait.
Aphid‐induced plant volatiles affect the attractiveness of tomato plants to Bemisia tabaci and associated natural enemies
Authors: Tan Xiao‐Ling , Liu Tong‐Xian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn in‐depth understanding of plant‐mediated interactions between herbivores and their natural enemies is essential in community ecology and co‐evolution, and for developing sustainable pest management strategies. The influence of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)‐induced tomato plant [Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae)] volatile compounds on the olfactory responses of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), three predator species [Coccinella septempunctata L., Propylea japonica (Mulstant) (both Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)], two whitefly parasitoid species [Encarsia formosa (Gahan) and Encarsia sophia (Girault & Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)], and one aphid parasitoid species [Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)] were examined in two‐choice tests using a four‐arm olfactometer. Tomato plants were experimentally manipulated for aphid density, duration of aphid feeding, and interval between aphid removal and the behavioral test. We also compared the systemic effects of aphid feeding on the olfactory behavior of whiteflies and natural enemies according to three relative leaf positions: the aphid‐infested leaf itself and two adjacent leaves (above and below). Bemisia tabaci were deterred by the odors of the leaves infested with aphids in all treatments. All six natural enemies were attracted to the leaves infested with aphids. Bemisia tabaci deterrence by volatiles was greater for leaves at the highest aphid density, and with increasing duration of exposure to aphid feeding. In contrast, the attraction to leaves was greater for the three parasitoids than for the three predators both with increasing aphid density and increasing duration of plant exposure to aphids. There was no significant influence of leaf position on preference of B. tabaci, the two species of lady beetles, and the aphid parasitoid. The two Encarsia species were attracted to the leaf above the aphid‐infested leaves, indicating that systemic volatiles were released by adjacent leaves. On the other hand, O. sauteri was only attracted by the aphid‐infested leaf itself. Our results showed that M. persicae‐infested host plants emitted volatiles that could inhibit the colonization by B. tabaci and also attract natural enemies of both aphids and whiteflies. The results of this study may need to be considered further for optimizing pest management methods.
Design and selection of trap color for capture of the tea leafhopper, Empoasca vitis, by orthogonal optimization
Authors: Bian Lei , Sun Xiao‐Ling , Luo Zong‐Xiu , Zhang Zheng‐Qun , Chen Zong‐Mao 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe tea leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (Göthe) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is a major pest of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (Theaceae). In this study, the RGB color model was used to describe the colors of sticky traps. The most effective color for attraction of E. vitis was investigated by orthogonal optimization. The selected color was verified in tea gardens and the most effective height for positioning of color sticky traps for capturing tea leafhoppers was investigated. After the determination of the effect of the three color parameters and their interactions by orthogonal optimization, the color gold (RGB: 255, 215, 0) was selected as the most effective color to trap tea leafhoppers. In tea gardens, more leafhoppers were captured using gold sticky traps (RGB: 226, 204, 4) than using commercially available yellow sticky traps. The most effective height of gold sticky traps for trapping leafhoppers was 40–60 cm above the tea canopy. Few lady beetles were captured at this height. We conclude that the orthogonal optimization method is a convenient and efficient method to screen digitally generated colors for attracting and trapping of pests.
Aphid and host‐plant genotype × genotype interactions under elevated CO2
Authors: RYAN GERALDINE D. , EMILJANOWICZ LISA , HÄRRI SIMONE A. , NEWMAN JONATHAN A. 
Published: May 2014

1. Elevated CO2 can alter plant physiology and morphology, and these changes are expected to impact diet quality for insect herbivores. While the plastic responses of insect herbivores have been well studied, less is known about the propensity of insects to adapt to such changes. Genetic variation in insect responses to elevated CO2 and genetic interactions between insects and their host plants may exist and provide the necessary raw material for adaptation.2. We used clonal lines of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) aphids to examine genotype‐specific responses to elevated CO2. We used the host plant Schedonorus arundinaceus (tall fescue; Schreb), which is capable of asexual reproduction, to investigate host plant genotype‐specific effects and possible host plant‐by‐insect genotype interactions. The abundance and density of three R. padi genotypes on three tall fescue genotypes under three concentrations of CO2 (ambient, 700, and 1000 ppm) in a controlled greenhouse environment were examined.3. Aphid abundance decreased in the 700 ppm CO2 concentration, but increased in the 1000 ppm concentration relative to ambient. The effect of CO2 on aphid density was dependent on host plant genotype; the density of aphids in high CO2 decreased for two plant genotypes but was unchanged in one. No interaction between aphid genotype and elevated CO2 was found, nor did we find significant genotype‐by‐genotype interactions.4. This study suggests that the density of R. padi aphids feeding on tall fescue may decrease under elevated CO2 for some plant genotypes. The likely impact of genotype‐specific responses on future changes in the genetic structure of plant and insect populations is discussed.
The fear circuit of the mouse forebrain: connections between the mediodorsal thalamus, frontal cortices and basolateral amygdala
Authors: Mátyás Ferenc , Lee JoonHyuk , Shin Hee‐Sup , Acsády László 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA large forebrain circuit, including the thalamus, amygdala and frontal cortical regions, is responsible for the establishment and extinction of fear‐related memories. Understanding interactions among these three regions is critical to deciphering the basic mechanisms of fear. With the advancement of molecular and optogenetics techniques, the mouse has become the main species used to study fear‐related behaviours. However, the basic connectivity pattern of the forebrain circuits involved in processing fear has not been described in this species. In this study we mapped the connectivity between three key nodes of the circuit, i.e. the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) and the medial prefrontal cortex, which were shown to have closed triangular connectivity in rats. In contrast to rat, we found no evidence for this closed loop in mouse. There was no major input from the BLA to the MD and little overlap between medial prefrontal regions connected with both the BLA and MD. The common nodes in the frontal cortex, which displayed reciprocal connection with both the BLA and MD were the agranular insular cortex and the border zone of the cingulate and secondary motor cortex. In addition, the BLA can indirectly affect the MD via the orbital cortex. We attribute the difference between our results and earlier rat studies to methodological problems rather than to genuine species difference. Our data demonstrate that the BLA and MD communicate via cortical sectors, the roles in fear‐related behaviour of which have not been extensively studied. In general, our study provides the morphological framework for studies of murine fear‐related behaviours.
Effect of high‐fructose corn syrup on Streptococcus mutans virulence gene expression and on tooth demineralization
Authors: Sun Minmin , Kang Qiongyi , Li Tingting , Huang Lili , Jiang Yuntao , Xia Wenwei 
Published: May 2014

High‐fructose corn syrup‐55 (HFCS‐55) has been widely welcomed in recent years as a substitute for sucrose on the basis of its favourable properties and price. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of HFCS‐55 on the expression of Streptococcus mutans UA159 virulence genes and on tooth demineralization. Real‐time reverse‐transcription PCR (real‐time RT‐PCR) and microhardness evaluations were performed to examine gene expression and enamel demineralization, respectively, after treatment with HFCS‐55 and/or sucrose. Significant up‐regulation of glucosyltransferase B (gtfB) by HFCS‐55 was found. A mixture of HFCS‐55 and sucrose could positively enhance expression of glucan‐binding protein (gbp) genes. Regarding acidogenicity, expression of the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene was unaffected by HFCS‐55. A notable finding in this study was that 5% HFCS‐55 significantly enhanced expression of the intracellular response gene of the two‐component VicRK signal transduction system (vicR). Demineralization testing showed that the microhardness of teeth decreased by a greater extent in response to HFCS‐55 than in response to sucrose. The results indicate that HFCS‐55 can enhance S. mutans biofilm formation indirectly in the presence of sucrose and that HFCS‐55 has a more acidogenic potential than does sucrose. Summing up the real‐time PCR and demineralization results, HFCS‐55 appears to be no less cariogenic than sucrose in vitro — at least, not under the conditions of our experiments.
Regulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 protein stability by gp78‐associated endoplasmic‐reticulum‐associated degradation
Authors: Choi Kwangman , Kim Hyeongki , Kang Hyunju , Lee So‐Young , Lee Sang Jun , Back Sung Hoon , Lee Seo Hyun , Kim M. Sun , Lee Jeong Eun , Park Ju Young , Kim Jiye , Kim Sunhong , Song Jae‐Hyung , Choi Yura , Lee Suui , Lee Hyun‐Jun , Kim Jong Heon , Cho Sungchan 
Published: May 2014

Triacylglycerol (TG) is the major form of stored energy in eukaryotic organisms and is synthesized by diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). DGAT2, one of the two DGAT enzymes, is barely detectable in cells, even though its mRNA transcripts are maintained at considerable levels. However, little is known about how DGAT2 expression is altered by protein stability. DGAT2 was highly unstable in cells and was rapidly degraded by proteasomes in an ubiquitin‐dependent manner. Deletion mutation analysis identified transmembrane domain 1 (TMD1) as a protein degradation signal. TMD1 is also important for ER localization of DGAT2. Moreover, DGAT2 interacted with p97/VCP, a crucial component of the ER‐associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, and polyubiquitinated DGAT2 accumulated following treatment with an ERAD inhibitor. Furthermore, gp78, an E3 ligase involved in ERAD, regulates the degradation of DGAT2 through direct interactions and ubiquitination. Consequently, the stabilization of DGAT2 increased the number of lipid droplets in hepatic cells. Therefore, DGAT2 is regulated by gp78‐associated ERAD at the post‐translational level.Structured digital abstract

DGAT2 physically interacts with gp78 by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

DGAT2 physically interacts with VCP by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)
Determination of fracture mechanics parameters by measurements of local displacements due to crack length increment
Authors: Matvienko Y. G. , Pisarev V. S. , Eleonsky S. I. , Chernov A. V. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTNew experimental technique for a determination of the stress intensity factor and the non‐singular T‐stress is developed, verified and implemented. The approach is based on combining the crack compliance method and optical interferometric measurements of local deformation response on small crack length increment. Initial experimental information has a form of in‐plane displacement component values, which are measured by electronic speckle‐pattern interferometry at some specific points located near a crack tip. The first four coefficients of Williams' series are derived. A determination of initial experimental data at the nearest vicinity of crack/notch tip is the main feature of the developed approach. In this case, it is not necessary to use complex numerical models, which are connected with geometrical parameters and loading conditions of the object under study in a stage of experimental data interpretation. Moreover, an availability of high‐quality interference fringe patterns, which are free from rigid body motions, serves as a reliable indicator of real stress state in the vicinity of the crack tip. Experimental verification of the proposed method is performed for specially designed specimen of double cantilever beam type. Distributions of the stress intensity factor and the T‐stress for two cracks in different residual stress fields in the vicinity of friction stir welding joints are presented as an example.
Mapping the genome ofMiscanthus sinensisforQTLassociated with biomass productivity
Authors: Gifford Justin M. , Chae Won Byoung , Swaminathan Kankshita , Moose Stephen P. , Juvik John A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn light of rising energy costs, lignocellulosic ethanol has been identified as a renewable alternative to petroleum‐based transportation fuels. In an attempt to reach government mandated ethanol production levels, potential plant biofeedstock candidates have been investigated, and cold‐tolerant, perennial accessions within the C4grass genusMiscanthushave been identified as leading contenders in the Midwestern US. To facilitate the development of improved cultivars through marker‐assisted breeding, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) study was conducted on a full‐sib, F1mapping population segregating for flowering time, height, leaf width, and yield using a genetic map consisting of 846 segregatingSNPandSSRmarkers. This was a 3 year study investigating the genetic architecture underlying traits important to biomass production in a population of 221 progeny from a cross betweenM. sinensis‘Grosse Fountaine’ andM. sinensis‘Undine’ established in the spring of 2010; 72QTLs withLODscores above the genome‐wide, permuted threshold equivalent to aP‐value of 0.05 were identified across 13 traits. Of the 36QTLs identified in 2011, 22 were detected again the following year. Both the use of spring emergence and vigor rating as a covariate to account for variation related to differences in establishment increased the power to detectQTLs in the 2 year establishment period. Finally, a dry period in the middle of the 2012 growing season suggested that yield declines were due to a decrease in tiller diameter.
Governance, Quality Conventions, and Product Innovation in a Value Chain: The Case of the Spanish Salted Fish Market
Authors: Larsen Heidi Bjønnes 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn the literature on governance of value chains, innovation deserves further attention. This paper investigates the role of product and marketing innovations in making an industry or a region a market leader. What kinds of innovations, who has the power to implement them, and who is involved in the innovation process vary depending on the extent of integration in the value chain and its governance. Quality management in the value chain should be central to the product innovation process. Against the backdrop of this institutional framework, the paper examines the Iberian salted fish market.
Revisiting Inequality and Growth: Evidence for Developing Countries
Authors: Amarante Veronica 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article studies the relationship between economic growth and income inequality using panel data for a sample of Latin American countries in the period 1960–2000. Different estimation techniques and specifications are tested. Results indicate that the level of inequality has had a different effect on growth in the region, depending on the level of gross domestic product per capita. Even within a sample of developing countries, the effect of inequality on growth is negative for poorer countries, whereas for richer ones higher inequality may favour economic growth. Overall, our results are not robust to different specification techniques, and coefficients are in some cases only weakly significant, underlying the difficulties in finding a strong and robust relationship between income inequality and economic growth.
“Space Obesity”: The Effect of Remoteness on County Obesity
Authors: Guettabi Mouhcine , Munasib Abdul 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe test if remoteness of a county is one of the environmental factors that contribute to obesity. First, we employ geographically weighted regressions (GWRs) that allow us to observe local or regional patterns. We find that county obesity rate is spatially non‐stationary, remoteness affects county obesity rates, and there are spatial heterogeneities in how distance affects county obesity rates. Next, we refine our estimates of the effect of remoteness on county obesity rate using a random effect model that accounts for county‐level unobserved heterogeneity. Even after accounting for these heterogeneities and state fixed effects, we find measurable impact of remoteness on county obesity rate. Splitting the sample into metro and non‐metro counties, we find that remoteness matters more for the obesity rates in the metro counties.
Patient and public involvement: how much do we spend and what are the benefits?
Authors: Pizzo Elena , Doyle Cathal , Matthews Rachel , Barlow James 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground and objectivesPatient and public involvement (PPI) is seen as a way of helping to shape health policy and ensure a patient‐focused health‐care system. While evidence indicates thatPPIcan improve health‐care decision making, it also consumes monetary and non‐monetary resources. Given the financial climate, it is important to start thinking about the costs and benefits ofPPIand how to evaluate it in economic terms.DesignWe conducted a literature review to assess the potential benefits and costs of involvement and the challenges in carrying out an economic evaluation ofPPI.ResultsThe benefits ofPPIinclude effects on the design of new projects or services, onNHSgovernance, on research design and implementation and on citizenship and equity. Economic evaluation ofPPIactivities is limited. The lack of an appropriate analytical framework, data recording and understanding of the potential costs and benefits ofPPI, especially from participants' perspectives, represent serious constraints on the full evaluation ofPPI.ConclusionsBy recognizing the value ofPPI, health‐care providers and commissioners can embed it more effectively within their organizations. Better knowledge of costs may prompt organizations to effectively plan, execute, evaluate and target resources. This should increase the likelihood of more meaningful activity, avoid tokenism and enhance organizational efficiency and reputation.