bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sweeteners on the survival and behaviour of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Zheng Chunyan , Zeng Ling , Xu Yijuan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) causes serious damage that affects fruit production. Chemical insecticides have been widely used for the prevention and control of this destructive pest. However, the resistance of B. dorsalis to these compounds has become a serious problem. This study tested six sweeteners for their toxicity to B. dorsalis.RESULTSB. dorsalis fed on erythritol, aspartame and saccharin exhibited significantly higher mortality than those fed on sucrose. Flies fed on erythritol died faster than did the control flies (water). However, no dose‐dependent effects were observed at the concentrations tested. These three sweeteners decreased the climbing ability of B. dorsalis. Notably, adults fed on saccharin exhibited significantly decreased climbing ability after 12 h compared with those fed on sucrose. Additionally, these three sweeteners had a negative effect on the frequency and duration of the flies' behaviour patterns (flying, walking, grooming and inactivity). Saccharin not only induced a marked reduction in the frequency of flights and walks but also induced decreases in the time spent flying and walking and increases in inactivity compared with sucrose. Erythritol induced a reduction in movement and increased the time spent inactive compared with the control and other treatments.CONCLUSIONThree sweeteners had significant negative effects on the survival of B. dorsalis. Erythritol was toxic to B. dorsalis. Aspartame and saccharin also decreased the survival and behaviour of adult flies and may be toxic to (or contribute to poor nutrition in) B. dorsalis. These sweeteners could therefore be developed as additive ingredients in baits. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Destination Choices of Permanent and Temporary Migrants in China, 1985–2005
Authors: Liu Ye , Xu Wei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPrevious studies on internal migration in China have failed to capture both the heterogeneity of migratory behaviours and migration processes and the rapidly changing migration circumstances. Using microdata from China's 1990 population census and the 1% population sample survey of 2005, this paper examines whether and how destination choices differ between permanent migrants (withhukouat the destination) and temporary migrants (withouthukouat the destination) and how such differentials change between 1985 and 2005. We use the conditional logit model to gauge the effect of the economic transition andhukoureforms and employ the mixed model to study howhukourestrictions are intertwined with migrants' socio‐economic status to influence the destination choices. Temporary migrants are found to be increasingly concentrated in southeast coastal provinces with better employment opportunities, whereas permanent migrants tend to move in the opposite direction, to south‐central and southwestern provinces with a low entry barrier and numerous return migrants. Modelling results reveal that over time, both types of migrants are increasingly responsive to interregional wage differentials, and that thehukousystem continues to matter in shaping destination choices. Moreover, the localisation of thehukouregulation and the commodification ofhukouin recent years have resulted in an increased concentration of highly skilled migrants relative to low‐skilled migrants in the most prosperous regions. Our findings suggest that state intervention is still intertwined with market mechanism to influence migration in reform‐era China, and that the state should not be seen as a unitary entity when understanding recenthukoureforms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and double‐hierarchical structure of MoS2/C nanospheres
Authors: Shyyko Lyudmyla , Kotsyubynsky Volodymyr , Budzulyak Ivan , Rawski Michal , Kulyk Yurij , Lisovski Roman 
Published: July 2015

The results of MoS2/carbon nanocomposite hydrothermal synthesis is presented. The synthesized material was studied by XRD, TEM, EDS, SAXS, and porosimetry. The multilayer nanospheres with the average size 40–70 nm were obtained. The investigations confirm the formation of particles with double‐hierarchical structure where 2H‐MoS2 layers alternate with carbon layers. Atomic ratio of MoS2:C is about 1:1 (at.%) and does not depend on the heat treatment.The proposed formation mechanism of MoS2/C double‐hierarchical structure.
Risk adaptive hybrid RFID access control system
Authors: Al‐Zewairi Malek , Alqatawna Ja'far , Atoum Jalal 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDynamic environments pose a challenge for traditional access control models where permissions are granted or revoked merely based on predefined and static access policies making them incapable of dynamically adapting to changing conditions. Risk adaptive access control models have been gaining more attention in the research community as an alternative approach to overcome the limitations of traditional access control models. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an emerging technology widely utilized in both physical and logical access control systems because of its contactless nature, low cost, high read/write speed and long distance operation. Serverless RFID system architecture offers better availability assurance and lower implementation cost, while access rights management is easier in server‐based architecture. In this study, we continue to build on our previous research on the privacy and security of RFID access control systems without a backend database in order to overcome its limitations. We propose a hybrid design for a risk adaptive RFID access control system; that is, dynamically alternating between two access control modes, online (server‐based) and offline (serverless), to adapt to the level of risk depending on rule‐based risk scenarios and current risk value. The proposed design combines features of both serverless and risk adaptive access control systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insensitivity of Human iPS Cells-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Interferon-γ-induced HLA Expression Potentiates Repair Efficiency of Hind Limb Ischemia in Immune Humanized NOD Scid Gamma Mice
Authors: Sun Yue-Qi , Zhang Yuelin , Li Xin , Deng Meng-Xia , Gao Wen-Xiang , Yao Yin , Chiu Sin-Ming , Liang Xiaoting , Gao Fei , Chan Camie W. , Tse Hung-Fat , Shi Jianbo , Fu Qing-Ling , Lian Qizhou 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are immunoprivileged cells due to the low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II molecules. However, the expression of MHC molecules in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived MSCs has not been investigated. Here, we examined the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in human MSCs derived from iPSCs, fetuses, and adult bone marrow (BM) after stimulation with interferon-γ (IFN-γ), compared their repair efficacy, cell retention, inflammation, and HLA II expression in immune humanized NOD Scid gamma (NSG) mice of hind limb ischemia. In the absence of IFN-γ stimulation, HLA-II was expressed only in BM-MSCs after 7 days. Two and seven days after stimulation, high levels of HLA-II were observed in BM-MSCs, intermediate levels were found in fetal-MSCs, and very low levels in iPSC-MSCs. The levels of p-STAT1, interferon regulatory factor 1, and class II transactivator exhibited similar phenomena. Moreover, p-STAT1 antagonist significantly reversed the high expression of HLA-II in BM-MSCs. Compared to adult BM-MSCs, transplanting iPSC-MSCs into hu-PBMNC NSG mice revealed markedly more survival iPSC-MSCs, less inflammatory cell accumulations, and better recovery of hind limb ischemia. The expression of HLA-II in MSCs in the ischemia limbs was detected in BM-MSCs group but not in iPSC-MSCs group at 7 and 21 days after transplantation. Our results demonstrate that, compared to adult MSCs, human iPSC-MSCs are insensitive to proinflammatory IFN-γ-induced HLA-II expression and iPSC-MSCs have a stronger immune privilege after transplantation. It may attribute to a better therapeutic efficacy in allogeneic transplantation. Stem Cells 2015;33:3452–3467
Brief Report: Human Perivascular Stem Cells and Nel-Like Protein-1 Synergistically Enhance Spinal Fusion in Osteoporotic Rats
Authors: Lee Soonchul , Zhang Xinli , Shen Jia , James Aaron W. , Chung Choon G. , Hardy Reef , Li Chenshuang , Girgius Caroline , Zhang Yulong , Stoker David , Wang Huiming , Wu Benjamin M. , Peault Bruno , Ting Kang , Soo Chia 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Autologous bone grafts (ABGs) are considered as the gold standard for spinal fusion. However, osteoporotic patients are poor candidates for ABGs due to limited osteogenic stem cell numbers and function of the bone microenvironment. There is a need for stem cell-based spinal fusion of proven efficacy under either osteoporotic or nonosteoporotic conditions. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of human perivascular stem cells (hPSCs), a population of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from adipose tissue, in the presence and absence of NELL-1, an osteogenic protein, for spinal fusion in the osteoporosis. Osteogenic differentiation of hPSCs with and without NELL-1 was tested in vitro. The results indicated that NELL-1 significantly increased the osteogenic potential of hPSCs in both osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic donors. Next, spinal fusion was performed by implanting scaffolds with regular or high doses of hPSCs, with or without NELL-1 in ovariectomized rats (n = 41). Regular doses of hPSCs or NELL-1 achieved the fusion rates of only 20%–37.5% by manual palpation. These regular doses had previously been shown to be effective in nonosteoporotic rat spinal fusion. Remarkably, the high dose of hPSCs+NELL-1 significantly improved the fusion rates among osteoporotic rats up to approximately 83.3%. Microcomputed tomography imaging and quantification further confirmed solid bony fusion with high dose hPSCs+NELL-1. Finally, histologically, direct in situ involvement of hPSCs in ossification was shown using undecalcified samples. To conclude, hPSCs combined with NELL-1 synergistically enhances spinal fusion in osteoporotic rats and has great potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for osteoporotic patients. Stem Cells 2015;33:3158–3163
Organic Photovoltaic Materials—Design, Synthesis and Scale‐Up
Authors: Wong Wallace W. H. , Banal James L. , Geraghty Paul B. , Hong Quentin , Zhang Bolong , Holmes Andrew B. , Jones David J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis account describes the work of our group in the area of organic photovoltaics in the past six years. The emphasis is on our experiences in the development of the organic materials, their characterization, scale‐up and application in devices. We share our insight into the relationship between synthetic methods, molecular properties, bulk material properties and device performance.graphic
New and emerging models of human intelligence
Authors: Conway Andrew R. A. , Kovacs Kristof 
Published: July 2015

In the last decade, new models of human intelligence have altered the theoretical landscape in psychometrics and cognitive science. In the current article, we provide an overview of key distinguishing features of these new models. Compared to 20th century models of intelligence, the new models proposed in the 21st century are unique for three primary reasons; (1) new models interpret the general factor, or g, as an emergent property reflecting the pattern of positive correlations observed among test scores, not as a causal latent variable, and therefore challenge the notion of general ability, (2) new models bridge correlational and experimental psychology and account for inter‐individual differences in behavior in terms of intra‐individual psychological processes, and (3) new models make novel predictions about the neural correlates of intelligent behavior. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:419–426. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1356Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Theory and Methods
Modeling of the dynamics of wind to power conversion including high wind speed behavior
Authors: Litong‐Palima Marisciel , Bjerge Martin Huus , Cutululis Nicolaos A. , Hansen Lars Henrik , Sørensen Poul 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes and validates an efficient, generic and computationally simple dynamic model for the conversion of the wind speed at hub height into the electrical power by a wind turbine. This proposed wind turbine model was developed as a first step to simulate wind power time series for power system studies. This paper focuses on describing and validating the single wind turbine model, and is therefore neither describing wind speed modeling nor aggregation of contributions from a whole wind farm or a power system area. The state‐of‐the‐art is to use static power curves for the purpose of power system studies, but the idea of the proposed wind turbine model is to include the main dynamic effects in order to have a better representation of the fluctuations in the output power and of the fast power ramping especially because of high wind speed shutdowns of the wind turbine. The high wind speed shutdowns and restarts are represented as on–off switching rules that govern the output of the wind turbine at extreme wind speed conditions. The model uses the concept of equivalent wind speed, estimated from the single point (hub height) wind speed using a second‐order dynamic filter that is derived from an admittance function. The equivalent wind speed is a representation of the averaging of the wind speeds over the wind turbine rotor plane and is used as input to the static power curve to get the output power. The proposed wind turbine model is validated for the whole operating range using measurements available from the DONG Energy offshore wind farm Horns Rev 2. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The climate effect of increased forest bioenergy use in Sweden: evaluation at different spatial and temporal scales
Authors: Cintas Olivia , Berndes Göran , Cowie Annette L. , Egnell Gustaf , Holmström Hampus , Ågren Göran I. 
Published: July 2015

Bioenergy from boreal forests managed for productive purposes (e.g., pulp, timber) is commonly held to offer attractive options for climate change mitigation. However, this view has been challenged in recent years. Carbon balances, cumulative radiative forcing, and average global temperature change have been calculated for a variety of bioenergy management regimes in Swedish forests, and the results support the view that an increased use of forest biomass for energy in Sweden can contribute to climate change mitigation, although methodological (e.g., spatial scales) and parameter value choices influence the results significantly. We show that the climate effect of forest‐based bioenergy depends on the forest ecosystems and management, including biomass extraction for bioenergy and other products, and how this management changes in response to anticipated market demands; and on the energy system effects, which determine the fossil carbon displacement and other greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation effects of using forest biomass for bioenergy and other purposes. The public and private sectors are advised to consider information from comprehensive analyses that provide insights about energy and forest systems in the context of evolving forest product markets, alternative policy options, and energy technology pathways in their decision‐making processes. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:351–369. doi: 10.1002/wene.178This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
High‐resolution X‐ray diffractometric, topographic and reflectometric studies of epitaxial layers on porous silicon destined for exfoliation
Authors: Mazur K. , Wieteska K. , Wierzchowski W. , Sarnecki J. , Lipiński D. , Brzozowski A. , Paulmann C. 
Published: July 2015

The presently studied substrates for manufacturing freestanding silicon epitaxial layers contained two porous layers with different porosities. The upper layers of significantly lower porosity after annealing provided smooth surfaces for deposition of epitaxial layers and the deeper layers of greater porosity enabling easier exfoliation epitaxial foil. The layered structures have been studied by means of synchrotron diffraction topography and by recording of rocking curves from small local area. The most effective method of revealing defects in freestanding exfoliated layers were Bragg‐case projection topographs and ‘zebra’ pattern monochromatic beam topographs providing a map of sample curvature. The samples have been additionally examined by means of high‐resolution diffractometry and reflectometry.The porous layers without epitaxial deposition provided strong narrow maximum at low angle side of the substrate maximum common for both of the porous layers. The most probable effect of the deposition of epitaxial layer is the decrease of lattice parameter in the upper layer with lower porosity, which provided the maxima in the diffraction curves located on low angle side of the substrate maximum. The topographic investigations revealed some defects in deposited epitaxial layers, connected with some irregularities of the annealed porous layer. Very characteristic common defects were large caverns, overgrown in the epitaxial process with the diameters of several tenths of micrometers and defects (possibly the overgrown submicron caverns), associated with some bundles of dislocations resolved in the topographs. In layers of large thickness, the characteristic long black and white stripes along <110> have also been observed, which most probably were stacking faults with dislocation loops. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Sympathetic Inhibition on Metabolic and Cardiopulmonary Responses to Exercise in Hypoxic Conditions
Authors: Scalzo Rebecca L. , Peltonen Garrett L. , Binns Scott E. , Klochak Anna L. , Szallar Steve E. , Wood Lacey M. , Larson Dennis G. , Luckasen Gary J. , Irwin David , Schroeder Thies , Hamilton Karyn L. , Bell Christopher 
Published: July 2015

Objective Pre-exertion skeletal muscle glycogen content is an important physiological determinant of endurance exercise performance: low glycogen stores contribute to premature fatigue. In low-oxygen environments (hypoxia), the important contribution of carbohydrates to endurance performance is further enhanced as glucose and glycogen dependence is increased; however, the insulin sensitivity of healthy adult humans is decreased. In light of this insulin resistance, maintaining skeletal muscle glycogen in hypoxia becomes difficult, and subsequent endurance performance is impaired. Sympathetic inhibition promotes insulin sensitivity in hypoxia but may impair hypoxic exercise performance, in part due to suppression of cardiac output. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that hypoxic exercise performance after intravenous glucose feeding in a low-oxygen environment will be attenuated when feeding occurs during sympathetic inhibition. Methods On 2 separate occasions, while breathing a hypoxic gas mixture, 10 healthy men received 1 hour of parenteral carbohydrate infusion (20% glucose solution in saline; 75 g), after which they performed stationary cycle ergometer exercise (∼65% maximal oxygen uptake) until exhaustion. Forty-eight hours before 1 visit, chosen randomly, sympathetic inhibition via transdermal clonidine (0.2 mg/d) was initiated. Results The mean time to exhaustion after glucose feeding both with and without sympathetic inhibition was not different (22.7 ± 5.4 minutes vs 23.5 ± 5.1 minutes; P = .73). Conclusions Sympathetic inhibition protects against hypoxia-mediated insulin resistance without influencing subsequent hypoxic endurance performance.
Using electronic medical records to determine prevalence and treatment of mental disorders in primary care: a database study
Authors: Gleeson M. , Hannigan A. , Jamali R. , Su Lin K. , Klimas J. , Mannix M. , Nathan Y. , O’Connor R. , O’Gorman C. , Dunne C. , Meagher D. , Cullen W. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesWith prevention and treatment of mental disorders a challenge for primary care and increasing capability of electronic medical records (EMRs) to facilitate research in practice, we aim to determine the prevalence and treatment of mental disorders by using routinely collected clinical data contained in EMRs.MethodsWe reviewed EMRs of patients randomly sampled from seven general practices, by piloting a study instrument and extracting data on mental disorders and their treatment.ResultsData were collected on 690 patients (age range 18–95, 52% male, 52% GMS-eligible). A mental disorder (most commonly anxiety/stress, depression and problem alcohol use) was recorded in the clinical records of 139 (20%) during the 2-year study period. While most patients with the common disorders had been prescribed medication (i.e. antidepressants or benzodiazepines), a minority had been referred to other agencies or received psychological interventions. ‘Free text’ consultation notes and ‘prescriptions’ were how most patients with disorders were identified. Diagnostic coding alone would have failed to identify 92% of patients with a disorder.ConclusionsAlthough mental disorders are common in general practice, this study suggests their formal diagnosis, disease coding and access to psychological treatments are priorities for future research efforts.
Guanxi Practice and Quality: A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Managers’ Business-to-Business and Business-to-Government Ties
Authors: Bu Nailin , Roy Jean-Paul 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis study provides new insight into guanxi practice and quality differences between business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-government (B2G) ties in China. The results, based on data obtained through structured interviews with 108 Chinese managers across eight cities in China, reveal stark differences between the practices used in developing B2B ties and those used in developing B2G ties. More specifically, these two tie types differ in a variety of guanxi initiation, building, and utilization practices. This study also builds upon the process model of guanxi development by highlighting the dissimilar role of gift giving practices in B2B and B2G ties. Furthermore, this study measures guanxi quality as a separate concept from guanxi process and demonstrates that guanxi quality is a multidimensional concept that is composed of affective attachment and felt obligation, both of which vary across B2B and B2G ties. Implications of these results for theory development and managerial practice in China are also discussed.
Advancing Indigenous Management Theory: Executive Rationale as an Institutional Logic
Authors: Redding Gordon , Witt Michael A. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWith this perspective paper, we seek to help open up an additional and, we believe, especially promising avenue for indigenous management research. We explore the potential for progress through the investigation of executive rationale, an institutional logic guiding managerial action and enabling strategies, structures, and formal integration mechanisms. Drawing on interviews with an elite group of executives including some of the world's most powerful managers, we illustrate variance in executive rationale across five major economies – Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, and the United States – and suggest that action and structures in these economies are broadly aligned with the respective expressions of executive rationale. We consequently hold that indigenous management research may benefit from a focus on executive rationale in particular, and we propose a concrete research agenda.