bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended Trial Equation Method for Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Gepreel Khaled A. , Nofal Taher A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to use the extended trial equation method to construct a series of some new solutions for some nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in mathematical physics. We will construct the solutions in many different functions such as hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions, and rational functional solutions for the nonlinear PDEs when the balance number is a real number via the Zhiber–Shabat nonlinear differential equation. The balance number of this method is not constant as we shown in other methods, but it is changed by changing the trial equation derivative definition. This method allowed us to construct many new types of solutions. It is shown by using the Maple software package that all obtained solutions satisfy the original PDEs.
23Na Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Structure and Dynamic of Natrolite
Authors: Paczwa Mateusz , Sapiga Aleksej A. , Olszewski Marcin , Sergeev Nikolaj , Sapiga Aleksej V. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The temperature dependences of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra of 23Na nuclei in natrolite (Na2Al2Si3O10·2H2O) have been studied. The temperature dependences of the spin-lattice relaxation times T1 in natrolite have also been studied. It has been shown that the spin-lattice relaxation of the 23Na is governed by the electric quadrupole interaction with the crystal electric field gradients modulated by translational motion of H2O molecules in the natrolite pores. The dipolar interactions with paramagnetic impurities become significant as a relaxation mechanism of the 23Na nuclei only at low temperature (<270 K).
InGaN thin films grown by RF sputtering for HIT solar cells
Authors: Jakkala Pratheesh , Kordesch Martin E 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe wide range of optical band gaps of InGaN thin films led to considerable research in increasing the efficiency of solar cells. In this study, we present electrical, optical and structural properties of InGaN thin films grown by in situ rf sputtering method. Several samples of InGaN were deposited on aluminosilicate glass and silicon(111) substrates at different temperatures and varying N2 flow ratio. Growth temperatures are 35 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C. Aluminum metal contacts are deposited using DC sputtering method. Resistivity, mobility, conductivity values and their changes with respect to temperature are recorded using hall-effect measurement system. Band gap values and their changes with respect to N2 flow ratio in ( Ar+N2) mixture were calculated using UV spectrophotometer and tauc plots. Atomic composition was calculated using Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Amorphous/crystalline nature of the samples are verified using XRD analysis.
Effects of fluorine incorporation on the structural and electrical properties of Diamond-like carbon
Authors: Nakanishi Kento , Otsuka Jun , Hiratsuka Masanori , Du Chen Chung , Shirakura Akira , Suzuki Tetsuya 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTDiamond-like carbon (DLC) has widespread attention as a new material for its application to thin film solar cells and other semiconducting devices. DLC can be produced at a lower cost than amorphous silicon, which is utilized for solar cells today. However, the electrical properties of DLC are insufficient for this purpose because of many dangling bonds in DLC. To solve this problem, we investigated the effects of the fluorine incorporation on the structural and electrical properties of DLC.We prepared five kinds of fluorinated DLC (F-DLC) thin film with different amounts of fluorine. Films were deposited by the radio-frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) method. C6H6 and C6HF5 were used as source gases. The total gas flow rate was constant and the gas flow rate ratio R (=C6H6 / (C6H6 + C6HF5)) was changed from 0 to 1 in 0.25 ratio steps. We also prepared nitrogen doped DLC (F-DLC) on p-Si using N2 gas as a doping gas to form nitrogen doped DLC (F-DLC) / p-Si heterojunction diodes.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that fluorine concentration in the DLC films was controlled. Moreover, the XPS analysis of the C1s spectrum at R=2/4 showed the presence of CF bonding. At R=1, CF2 bonding was observed in addition to CF bonding. The sheet resistivity of the films changed from 3.07×1012 to 4.86×109 Ω. The minimum value was obtained at R=2/4. The current-voltage characteristics indicated that nitrogen doped F-DLC of 2/4 and p-Si heterojunction diode exhibited the best rectification characteristics and its energy conversion efficiency had been maximized. This is because of a decrease of dangling bonds density by ESR analysis and an increase of sp2 structures by Raman analysis. When the fluorine is over certain content, the sheet resistivity increases because chain structures become larger, which is due to the CF2 bonding in F-DLC prevents ring structures. Many C2F4 species were observed and it may become precursors of the chain structure domains, such as (CF2)n.In this study, we revealed effects of fluorine incorporation on DLC and succeeded in increasing its conductivity and improving rectification characteristics of DLC/ p-Si hetero-junction diodes. Our results indicate that DLC fluorination is effective for the semiconducting material, such as solar cell applications.
INFLUENCE OF LANDFILL DEPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE ON GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS
Authors: GUBANOV L. N , ZVEREVA A. Yu , ZVEREVA V. I 
Published: March 2015

Most landfills dont meet the requirements for the terms of waste disposal and are just dumps without any engineering infrastructure protecting biosphere objects from polluting. Chemical and microbiological processes occurring in the municipal solidwaste mass lead to the formation of harmful substances polluting water objects.
The designs of landfills MSW should have a two-stage scheme of wastewater treatment. The first stage of treatment is done in ponds-regulators of high capacity by homogenisation, dilution and long-lasting settling of wastewater. The second stage of treatment is performed on plants of physical-chemical and biological treatment. Negative influence of the rest harmful substancesdecreases if there is a big enough natural biochemical barrier between the water wall and the nearest water-bearing level, i.e. if the basement of the landfill has rocks that can effectively prevent pollutants taking out to ground water levels.
An Overview of International Literature on School Interventions to Promote Mental Health and Well-being in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Carta Mauro Giovanni , Fiandra Teresa Di , Rampazzo Lorenzo , Contu Paolo , Preti Antonio 
Published: March 2015

Introduction:Mental disorders are the largest cause of the burden of disease in the world. Most of the burden affecting adult life has its onset during childhood and adolescence. The European Pact for Mental Health and Wellbeing calls for immediate action and investments in the mental health of children and adolescents. Schools may be the ideal location for promoting health and delivering healthcare services, since schools are a location where young people usually spend their daytime and socialize, schools are easily accessible to families, can provide non-stigmatizing health actions, and form links with the community.Aims and Goals of this Special Issue:This issue is developed within the framework of the Joint Action on Mental Health promoted by the European Commission. This special issue presents a set of systematic reviews on the evidence of the international literature on school interventions for the promotion of the mental health and wellbeing of children and adolescents. It is focused on five topical main areas: promoting general health and wellbeing; programs targeting specific mental disorders and conditions and integration of adolescents with mental health problems; Bullying; Sport; Alcohol and Drugs. An additional paper on the results of the largest epidemiological study conducted in some European countries on the prevalence and relative risk factors of mental disorders in school-age completes the issue.Conclusion:These reviews are a first contribution to address future European research and interventions, in particular about the multiple ways through which European policies could support the schooling and wellbeing of children and adolescents.
A Systematic Review of School-Based Alcohol and other Drug Prevention Programs
Authors: Agabio Roberta , Trincas Giuseppina , Floris Francesca , Mura Gioia , Sancassiani Federica , Angermeyer Matthias C. 
Published: March 2015

Background:Alcohol use in adolescents constitutes a major public health concern. Europe is the heaviest drinking region of the world. Several school-based alcohol prevention programs have been developed but it is not clear whether they are really effective. The present study was aimed at identifying the typology with the best evidence of effectiveness in European studies.Methods:A systematic search of meta-analyses and/or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on interventions school-based prevention programs aimed at preventing alcohol consumption or changing the attitudes to consume alcohol.Results:A meta-analysis published in 2011 and 12 RCTs more recently published were identified. The meta-analysis evaluated 53 RCTs but only 11.3% of them were conducted in Europe. Globally, 23 RCTs (43.4%) showed some evidence of effectiveness, and 30 RCTs (56.6%) did not find significant difference between the groups. According to the conclusions of the meta-analysis, the Unplugged program should be considered as a practice option in Europe. Among the other 12 RCTs, 42% were conducted in Europe. Globally, 7 studies (58.3%) achieved positive results, and 5 studies (41.7%) did not find significant differences or produced a mixed pattern of results. Three of the 5 European trials (60%) used the Unplugged program with positive results.Conclusion:Even if further studies should be conducted to confirm these results, Unplugged appears to be the prevention project with the best evidence of effectiveness in European studies.
The Validity and Reliability of an Arabic Version of the STOP-Bang Questionnaire for Identifying Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: BaHammam Ahmed S. , Al-Aqeel Alaa M. , Alhedyani Alanoud A. , Al-Obaid Ghaida I. , Al-Owais Mashail M. , Olaish Awad H. 
Published: March 2015

Background:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common, serious, under-recognized and under-diagnosed medical disorder. Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard diagnostic test for OSA; however, the cost of testing and the shortage of sleep disorders laboratories limit access to this tool. Therefore, there is a need for a simple and reliable diagnostic tool to screen patients at risk of OSA.Objective:This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of an Arabic version of the STOP-Bang questionnaire (SBQ) as a screening tool for OSA.Methods:This study was conducted in three steps, as follows: Step 1: the SBQ was translated from English to Arabic (examining both forward and backward translations); Step 2: the test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was investigated; and Step 3: the questionnaire was validated against PSG data prospectively on 100 patients attending a sleep disorders clinic who were subjected to a full-night PSG study after completing the translated version of the SBQ. The validity of the test was tested against the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).Results:The study group had a mean age of 46.6 ± 14.0 years and a mean AHI of 50.0 ± 37.0/hour. The study demonstrated a high degree of internal consistency and stability over time for the translated SBQ. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the 8-item tool was 0.7. Validation of the SBQ against the AHI at a cut-off of 5 revealed a sensitivity of 98% and positive and negative predictive values of 86% and 67%, respectively.Conclusion:The Arabic version of the SBQ is an easy-to-administer, simple, reliable and valid tool for the identification of OSA in the sleep disorders clinic setting.
Reduction in Dental Hypersensitivity with Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Potassium Nitrate, Sodium Monoflurophosphate and Antioxidants#
Authors: B. Low Samuel , Allen Edward P. , Kontogiorgos Elias D. 
Published: March 2015

Objective:
This clinical study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of a commercially available toothpaste containing
potassium nitrate, sodium monoflurophosphate, and nano-hydroxyapatite as well as antioxidants phloretin, ferulic acid
and silymarin in reducing dental hypersensitivity in adults.

Methods:
The clinical trial enrolled patients with
a history of dentin hypersensitivity. A test toothpaste was introduced into the daily routine, which included initial instruction
on usage. Patients completed a five-question visual analog scale (VAS) at the inception/baseline, after two days and
after two weeks of using the toothpaste to determine their level of tooth sensitivity at baseline with the use of the
toothpaste over time.

Results:
Patients that had significant sensitivity at baseline had a range of 52% to 76 &#x0025; improvement
after 48 hours and a range of 70% to 84% improvement after two weeks.

Conclusion:
A toothpaste containing potassium
nitrate, sodium monoflurophosphate, and nano-hydroxyapatite plus antioxidants phloretin, ferulic acid and silymarin
applied daily significantly decreased tooth pain of dentin hypersensitivity within a two-day and two-week time period.

Clinical Significance:
Based on the clinical study results, a daily application of a toothpaste containing potassium nitrate,
sodium monofluorophosphate, and nano-hydroxyapatite plus antioxidants phloretin, ferulic acid and silymarin can significantly
and quickly reduce tooth pain of dentin hypersensitivity.
Parametric Sensitivity Analysis of Factors Affecting Sound Transmission Loss of Multi-Layered Building Elements Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Garg Naveen , Kumar Anil , Maji Sagar 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The paper presents application of Taguchi method in optimizing the sound transmission loss through sandwich gypsum constructions and those comprising of masonry concrete blocks and gypsum boards in order to investigate the relative influence of the various parameters affecting the sound transmission loss. The application of Taguchi method for optimizing sound transmission loss has been rarely reported. The present work uses the results analytically predicted on “Insul” software for various sandwich material configurations as desired by each experimental run in an L8 orthogonal array. The relative importance of the parameters on single-number rating, Rw (C, Ctr) is evaluated in terms of percentage contribution using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA method reveals that type of studs, steel stud frame and number of gypsum layers attached are the key factors controlling the sound transmission loss characteristics of sandwich multi-layered constructions.
Diagnostics of Synchronous Motor Based on Analysis of Acoustic Signals with the use of Line Spectral Frequencies and K-nearest Neighbor Classifier
Authors: Glowacz Adam 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In industrial processes electrical motors are serviced after a specific number of hours, even if there is a need for service. This led to the development of early fault diagnostic methods. Paper presents early fault diagnostic method of synchronous motor. This method uses acoustic signals generated by synchronous motor. Plan of study of acoustic signal of synchronous motor was proposed. Two conditions of synchronous motor were analyzed. Studies were carried out for methods of data processing: Line Spectral Frequencies and K-Nearest Neighbor classifier with Minkowski distance. Condition monitoring is useful to protect electric motors and mining equipment. In the future, these studies can be used in other electrical devices.
Statistical Analysis of the Equivalent Noise Level
Authors: Batko Wojciech , Przysucha Bartosz 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The authors focus their attention on the analysis of the probability density function of the equivalent noise level, in the context of a determination of the uncertainty of the obtained results in regard to the control of environmental acoustic hazards. In so doing, they discuss problems of correctness in the applicability of the classical normal distribution for the estimation of the expected interval value of the equivalent sound level. The authors also provide a set of procedures with respect to its derivation, based upon an assumption of the determined distribution of the measurement results. The obtained results then create the plane for the correct uncertainty calculation of the results of the determined controlled environmental acoustic hazard coefficient.
Auditory Display Applied to Research in Music and Acoustics
Authors: Kostek Bożena 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a relationship between Auditory Display (AD) and the domains of music and acoustics. First, some basic notions of the Auditory Display area are shortly outlined. Then, the research trends and system solutions within the fields of music technology, music information retrieval and music recommendation and acoustics that are within the scope of AD are discussed. Finally, an example of AD solution based on gaze tracking that may facilitate music annotation process is shown. The paper concludes with a few remarks about directions for further research in the domains discussed.
Detection Range of Intercept Sonar for CWFM Signals
Authors: Marszal Jacek , Salamon Roman 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Stealth in military sonars applications may be ensured through the use of low power signals making them difficult to intercept by the enemy. In recent years, silent sonar design has been investigated by the Department of Marine Electronic Systems of the Gdansk University of Technology. This article provides an analysis of how an intercept sonar operated by the enemy can detect silent sonar signals. To that end a theoretical intercept sonar model was developed with formulas that can numerically determine the intercept ranges of silent sonar sounding signals. This was tested for a variety of applications and water salinities. Because they are also presented in charts, the results can be used to compare the intercept ranges of silent sonar and traditional pulse sonar.
Variable Ratio Sample Rate Conversion Based on Fractional Delay Filter
Authors: Blok Marek , Drózda Piotr 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this paper a sample rate conversion algorithm which allows for continuously changing resampling ratio has been presented. The proposed implementation is based on a variable fractional delay filter which is implemented by means of a Farrow structure. Coefficients of this structure are computed on the basis of fractional delay filters which are designed using the offset window method. The proposed approach allows us to freely change the instantaneous resampling ratio during processing. Using such an algorithm we can simulate recording of audio on magnetic tape with nonuniform velocity as well as remove such distortions. We have demonstrated capabilities of the proposed approach based on the example of speech signal processing with a resampling ratio which was computed on the basis of estimated fundamental frequency of voiced speech segments.
A Numerical Approach to Calculate the Radiation Efficiency of Baffled Planar Structures Using the Far Field
Authors: González-Montenegro Mario A. , Jordan Roberto , Lenzi Arcanjo , Arenas Jorge P. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A numerical method is developed for estimating the acoustic power of any baffled planar structure, which is vibrating with arbitrary surface velocity profile. It is well known that this parameter may be calculated with good accuracy using near field data, in terms of an impedance matrix, which is generated by the discretization of the vibrating surface into a number of elementary radiators. Thus, the sound pressure field on the structure surface can be determined by a combination of the matrix and the volume velocity vector. Then, the sound power can be estimated through integration of the acoustic intensity over a closed surface. On the other hand, few works exist in which the calculation is done in the far field from near field data by the use of radiation matrices, possibly because the numerical integration becomes complicated and expensive due to large variations of directivity of the source. In this work a different approach is used, based in the so-called Propagating Matrix, which is useful for calculating the sound pressure of an arbitrary number of points into free space, and it can be employed to estimate the sound power by integrating over a finite number of pressure points over a hemispherical surface surrounding the vibrating structure. Through numerical analysis, the advantages/disadvantages of the current method are investigated, when compared with numerical methods based on near field data. A flexible rectangular baffled panel is considered, where the normal velocity profile is previously calculated using a commercial finite element software. However, the method can easily be extended to any arbitrary shape. Good results are obtained in the low frequency range showing high computational performance of the method. Moreover, strategies are proposed to improve the performance of the method in terms of both computational cost and speed.
Influence of the Inter Teeth Volumes on the Noise Generation in External Gear Pumps
Authors: Fiebig Wiesław 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The paper shows the new method for noise reduction in external gear pumps based on the analysis of the pressure in inter teeth volumes. The simulation model and measurement results of pressure changes in the inter teeth volume has been presented. Based on simulation results an additional volume has been obtained, which is connected to the inter teeth volume (decompression filter volume). Due this additional volume the build down processes in the pump are longer and the pressure overdue in the inter teeth volumes are smaller. This leads to the reduction of the dynamical excitation forces inside the pump and noise, especially in the higher frequency rangeI.
Simultaneous Calibration of Multiple Microphones for Both Phase and Amplitude in an Impedance Tube
Authors: Tóth Péter , Schram Christophe 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper presents and compares microphone calibration methods for the simultaneous calibration of small electret microphones in a wave guide. The microphones are simultaneously calibrated to a reference microphone both in amplitude and phase. The calibration procedure is formulated on the basis of the damped plane wave propagation equation, from which the acoustics field along the wave guide is predicted, using several reference measurements. Different calibration models are presented and the methods were found to be sensitive to the formulation, as well as to the number of free parameters used during the reconstruction of the wave-field. The wave guide model based on five free parameters was found to be the preferred method for this type of calibration procedure.