bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrovolcanic tuff rings and cones as indicators for phreatomagmatic explosive eruptions on Mars
Authors: Brož P. , Hauber E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHydrovolcanism is a common natural phenomenon on Earth and should be common on Mars, too, since its surface shows widespread evidence for volcanism and near‐surface water. We investigate fields of pitted cones in the Nephentes/Amenthes region at the southern margin of the ancient impact basin, Utopia, which were previously interpreted as mud volcanoes. The cone fields contain pitted and breached cones with associated outgoing flow‐like landforms. Based on stratigraphic relations, we determined a Hesperian or younger model age. We test the hypothesis of a (hydro)volcanic origin. Based on a detailed morphological and morphometrical analysis and an analysis of the regional context, an igneous volcanic origin of these cones as hydrovolcanic edifices produced by phreatomagmatic eruptions is plausible. Several lines of evidence suggest the existence of subsurface water ice. The pitted cones display well‐developed wide central craters with floor elevations below the preeruptive surface. Their morphometry and the overall appearance are analogous to terrestrial tuff cones and tuff rings. Mounds that are also observed in the same region resemble terrestrial lava domes. The hydrovolcanic interaction between ascending magma and subsurface water and/or water ice may explain the formation of the pitted cones, although other scenarios such as mud volcanism cannot be ruled out. Together with the mounds, the cones might represent effusive and explosive edifices of a monogenetic volcanic field composed of lava domes, tuff rings, tuff cones, and possibly maars.
DOES FREE DISTRIBUTION OF MOSQUITO NETS AFFECT SUBSIDIZED NET SALES? EVIDENCE FROM A NATIONWIDE CAMPAIGN IN TANZANIA
Authors: Gingrich Chris D. , Hanson Kara , Rweyendela Vianey , Piper Timothy A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) are increasingly popular for assessing development programmes. This study investigates the validity of extrapolating RCT results to large‐scale programmes, using the example of the national bed net subsidy programme in Tanzania that later added a free distribution campaign. Although the RCTs suggest steady sales of nets throughout, an interrupted time series model reveals a 34 per cent monthly decline immediately after the campaign compared to ‘normal’ sales. After 6 months, the total unsold nets reached 45 per cent of normal sales, or 347 000 nets nationwide. We hypothesize that these differences in results arise from various scale and spillover effects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The overgeneralized validity of validity generalization
Authors: Muchinsky Paul M. , Raines Justin M. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThis Incubator contends that the concept of validity generalization has been overgeneralized in its capacity to predict work performance for three reasons: sampling bias in the occupations selected for analysis, the prediction of acceptable performance to the exclusion of superior performance, and the conflation of statistical prediction and psychological meaning. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contribution of relative sea‐level rise to historical hurricane flooding in New York City
Authors: KEMP ANDREW C. , HORTON BENJAMIN P. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTFlooding during hurricanes is a hazard for New York City. Flood height is determined by storm surge characteristics, timing (high or low tide) and relative sea‐level (RSL) change. The contribution from these factors is estimated for seven historical hurricanes (1788–2012) that caused flooding in New York City. Measurements from The Battery tide gauge and historical accounts are supplemented with a RSL reconstruction from Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. RSL was reconstructed from foraminifera preserved in salt‐marsh sediment that was dated using marker horizons of lead and copper pollution and 137Cs activity. Between the 1788 hurricane and Hurricane Sandy in 2012, RSL rose by 56 cm, including 15 cm from glacio‐isostatic adjustment. Storm surge characteristics and timing with respect to astronomical tides remain the dominant factors in determining flood height. However, RSL rise will raise the base level for flood heights in New York City and exacerbate flooding caused by future hurricanes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An in vitro study reveals nutraceutical properties of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. var. Mauritius fruit residue beneficial to diabetes
Authors: Riya Mariam Philip , Antu Kalathookunnel Antony , Vinu Thankamony , Chandrakanth Karuvakandy Chandrasekharan , Anilkumar Karunakaran Sasikala , Raghu Kozhiparambil Gopalan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDRapid urbanisation and nutritional transition is fuelling the increased global incidence of type 2 diabetes. Pineapple fruit residue was explored for its nutraceutical properties as an alternative or adjunct to currently available treatment regime. Ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of pineapple fruit residue were evaluated for anti‐diabetic activity in cell free and cell based systems. Specifically, we assessed: (1) antioxidant potential, (2) anti‐glycation potential, (3) carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibition, and (4) lipid accumulation and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity in differentiating 3T3‐L1 cells.RESULTSThe active components in the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts were identified as sinapic acid, daucosterol, 2‐methylpropanoate, 2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3(2H)‐furanone, methyl 2‐methylbutanoate and triterpenoid ergosterol using DART/HRMS and ESI/HRMS. Micronutrient analysis revealed the presence of magnesium, potassium and calcium. Adipogenic potential, anti‐glycation property of the ethyl acetate extract, and DNA damage protection capacity of the methanolic extract are promising.CONCLUSIONResults from this study clearly indicate that pineapple fruit residue could be utilised as a nutraceutical against diabetes and related complications. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Isometric and swallowing tongue strength in healthy adults
Authors: Todd J. Tee , Lintzenich Catherine Rees , Butler Susan G. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe tongue contributes to a safe swallow. It facilitates bolus control during mastication, maintains a bolus in the oral cavity to prevent premature entry of the bolus into the hypopharynx, and helps generate pressure in the hypopharynx during swallowing. This study examined isometric tongue strength and tongue pressure measured during swallowing in healthy young and older adults.Study DesignProspective group design.MethodsOne hundred twenty‐six healthy individuals who were recruited as part of a larger study on swallowing participated in this study. Participants were divided into three age groups: 20 to 40 years, 41 to 60 years, and ≥61 years. A KayPentax Digital Swallowing Workstation with an air‐filled bulb array was placed on the tongue of each participant (anterior to posterior). Participants completed three isometric tongue presses and three swallows.ResultsRepeated measures analyses of variance revealed a significant main effect of age (P = .01) and gender by tongue bulb location interaction (P = .02) for isometric tongue strength. That is, older adults had lower isometric tongue strength than young adults, and females had a greater difference between anterior and posterior tongue strength than males. Tongue strength during swallowing yielded significantly greater anterior versus posterior tongue pressure.ConclusionsThis study comprises one of the largest in terms of number of healthy participants reported to date and confirms previous findings that isometric tongue strength decreases with age. Furthermore, given young and older adults generate similar swallowing pressures, swallowing is a submaximal strength activity, yet older adults have less functional reserve. Laryngoscope, 123:2469–2473, 2013
Clinical characteristics and therapeutic response of objective tinnitus due to middle ear myoclonus: A large case series
Authors: Park Shi‐Nae , Bae Seong‐Cheon , Lee Guen‐Ho , Song Jee‐nam , Park Kyoung‐Ho , Jeon Eun‐ju , Park Young Soo , Yeo Sang‐Won 
Published: August 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic response of tinnitus due to middle ear myoclonus (MEM) and to suggest appropriate diagnostic methods.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsThis study included 58 patients with tinnitus diagnosed with MEM, who were seen from January 2004 to July 2011. Clinical and audiological characteristics were investigated. The therapeutic responses to counseling, medical therapy, and surgical therapy were evaluated.ResultsPatients had a mean age of 29.8 years (range, 6–70 years), 20.7% (n = 12) were <10 years old, 39.7% (n = 23) were <20 years old, 74.1% (n = 43) were <40 years old, and 5.2% (n = 3) were ≥60 years old. Remembered stressful events or noise exposure were associated with the onset of MEM in 51.8% (n = 30) and 27.6% (n = 16) of patients, respectively. The most frequent nature of the tinnitus was a crackling sound. MEM associated with forceful eyelid closure was observed in 15% of patients. Impedance audiogram and otoendoscopic examinations of the tympanic membrane were helpful tools for diagnosing MEM. With medical therapy, more than 75% of patients exhibited complete or partial remission of their tinnitus. Patients with intractable MEM who underwent sectioning of the middle ear tendons had very good outcomes.ConclusionsTinnitus due to middle ear myoclonus seems to occur in young patients and to be related to stress or noise. Information about the clinical characteristics and therapeutic response of this less‐common type of tinnitus will help to ensure early and appropriate diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Laryngoscope, 123:2516–2520, 2013
Regrowth of the adenoids after coblation adenoidectomy: Cephalometric analysis
Authors: Kim So Young , Lee Woo‐Hyun , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Lee Chul Hee , Kim Jeong‐Whun 
Published: August 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze the prevalence of adenoid regrowth at 1 year after coblation adenoidectomy using cephalometric radiography.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsOne hundred eighty‐eight children who underwent adenoidectomy from June 2006 through September 2010 were included. Demographic data, preoperative size of palatine tonsils, presence of allergic rhinitis, concurrent operation of recurrent middle ear effusion, and preoperative and postoperative Korean version of Obstructive Sleep Apnea‐18 (KOSA‐18) scores were analyzed. The size of the adenoids was measured three times in all the children by lateral cephalometry; preoperatively, at 1 month after adenoidectomy to observe adenoid residual; and at 1 year after surgery to observe adenoid regrowth.ResultsThe adenoid regrowth at 1 year after adenoidectomy was observed in 25 children (13.3%), and the adenoid residual at 1 month after surgery was observed in 11 children (5.9%) in the cephalometry. Seven of the 11 children with residual disease (63.6%) had adenoid regrowth at 1 year. The regrowth group was significantly younger than no regrowth group, and the preoperative adenoids were larger in regrowth group than in no regrowth group. The symptoms of sleep disordered breathing recurred in two patients and they had revision adenoidectomy.ConclusionThe regrowth rate of the adenoids at 1 year was not low. However, most of the patients were asymptomatic. The adenoid residual at 1 month contributed to regrowth at 1 year, and the risk factors of the adenoid regrowth were younger age and larger initial size of the adenoids.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 123:2568–2573, 2013
Transoral robotic surgery for the treatment of T1–T2 carcinoma of the larynx: Preliminary study
Authors: Lallemant Benjamin , Chambon Guillaume , Garrel Renaud , Kacha Sophie , Rupp Damien , Galy‐Bernadoy Camille , Chapuis Héliette , Lallemant Jean‐Gabriel , Pham Huy Trang 
Published: August 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the feasibility and the preliminary oncological results of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for the treatment of early stage laryngeal tumors.Study DesignRetrospective single center study.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 23 patients who underwent TORS for the treatment of T1 or T2 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma between August 2009 and March 2012.ResultsLaryngeal tumors were involving the glottis (13 cases) and the supraglottis (10 cases). They were classified T1 N0 in 16 cases, T2 N0 in four cases, and T2 N+ in three cases. The median TORS operative time was 60 minutes (ranging from 30 to 118 minutes). The median hospitalization time was 7.5 days. Histopathological examination of the resected tumors confirmed 14 cases in which the margins were clear, four cases in which the surgical margins were close (less than 1 mm), one case in which the margins were microscopically positive, and in four cases margins status were not able to be recorded. A tracheostomy was carried out for three patients, and 11 patients got a nasogastric feeding tube postoperatively. The local recurrence rate was 8.7% (2/ 23 cases), and in both cases the recurrence occurred in the anterior commissure area only. The overall larynx preservation rate was 95,7% (22/ 23 cases).ConclusionIn this preliminary study, we demonstrated that laryngeal TORS is feasible and may result in oncological results comparable with other treatment strategies, including laser CO2 surgery. This innovative approach needs to be evaluated through randomized multi‐institutional trial.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2485–2490, 2013
Change of obstruction level during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy according to sedation depth in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Hong Sang Duk , Dhong Hun‐Jong , Kim Hyo Yeol , Sohn Jung Hyeob , Jung Yong Gi , Chung Seung‐Kyu , Park Ju Yeon , Kim Jin Kyoung 
Published: August 2013

Objectives/HypothesisWe evaluated the change in upper airway collapse according to the depth of sedation during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), as well as characteristics possibly associated with that change.Study DesignProspective, single center, observational study.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients with upper airway collapse were twice evaluated using DISE according to the depth of sedation, as confirmed by the bispectral index (BIS), which is a measure of the level of consciousness. Changes in the site and degree of obstruction according to the change in sedation depth at the retropalatal and the retroglossal levels were evaluated. The possible contributing factors of this change were explored.ResultsAs DISE sedation deepened, the upper airway became narrower in 37% of patients at the retropalatal level and in 44.8% of patients at the retroglossal level. No clinical, polysomnographic, or cephalometric variables showed any association with the change in the degree of retroglossal airway narrowing, with the exception of mouth breathing during DISE.ConclusionsThe degree of upper airway narrowing can be aggravated according to the sedation depth. The monitoring of sedation depth during DISE is critical, especially in patients with mouth breathing.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2896–2899, 2013
Development of the rat larynx: A histological study
Authors: Alli Opeyemi , Berzofsky Craig , Sharma Sansar , Pitman Michael J. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate and describe the cartilaginous and muscular development of the rat larynx.Study DesignHistologic evaluation.MethodsThe larynges of Sprague Dawley rats of embryonic day (E) 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, postnatal day 0, 14, and adult of 250 gm were collected. Four larynges of each age were harvested, cut into 15‐μm serial sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and evaluated under light microscopy. Representative digital images were recorded and evaluated at the preglottic (supraglottic in humans), glottic, and postglottic (subglottic in humans) levels.ResultsBrachial arches were observed at E13. At E17, immature structures of the larynx, including skeletal muscle, cartilage, and the lumen were identifiable. Chondrification and muscle formation were clearly seen by E19. The muscular and cartilagenous components of the larynx were well established by E21. During the span between birth and adult maturation, the size of the larynx increased from a height of 1.10 mm to 2.90 mm, and from a width of 1.80 mm to 5.40 mm, and from a length of 1.38 mm to 4.77 mm in the stained section. Although developed at E21, the laryngeal structures continued to grow by approximately 30%.ConclusionRat laryngeal development parallels that in mice and humans. In the rat, at E17 immature structures of the larynx are identifiable, they are well developed at birth and grow by approximately 30% into adulthood. Understanding the chronology and morphology of the embryogenesis of the rat laryngeal musculature is essential and will allow for further evaluation of the embryologic innervation of these muscles.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:3093–3098, 2013
Postural stability in vestibular neuritis: Age, disease duration, and residual vestibular function
Authors: Fujimoto Chisato , Egami Naoya , Kinoshita Makoto , Sugasawa Keiko , Yamasoba Tatsuya , Iwasaki Shinichi 
Published: August 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess the influence of factors that can affect postural instability in vestibular neuritis (VN).Study DesignRetrospective data collection study.MethodsFoam posturography was performed in 58 VN patients. We examined six variables: the velocity of movement of the center of pressure and the envelopment area in eyes closed/foam rubber condition, Romberg's ratios of velocity and area with foam rubber, and the foam ratios of velocity and area with eyes closed. Multiple regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between these variables and the following independent variables: gender, age, canal paresis (CP) percentage, and disease duration.ResultsAll six variables were positively associated with age, CP percentage, and a disease duration of 10 days or less (P < .05) except for Romberg's ratio of velocity with foam rubber, which was positively associated with CP percentage and a disease duration of 10 days or less (P < .05), but not with age (P > .05).ConclusionsVN patients show poor postural performance, which is affected by age, residual vestibular function, and disease duration. Once a VN patient passes the acute phase of the vertigo attack, it is likely that age and residual vestibular function make a greater contribution to postural control.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 124:974–979, 2014
How Well Can DFT Reproduce Key Interactions in Ziegler–Natta Systems?
Authors: Correa Andrea , Bahri‐Laleh Naeimeh , Cavallo Luigi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe performance of density functional theory in reproducing some of the main interactions occurring in MgCl2‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalytic systems is assessed. Eight model systems, representatives of key interactions occurring in Ziegler–Natta catalysts, are selected. Fifteen density functionals are tested in combination with two different basis sets, namely, TZVP and cc‐pVTZ. As a general result, we found that the best performances are achieved by the PBEh1PBE hybrid generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functional, but also the cheaper PBEh GGA functional gives rather good results. The failure of the popular B3LYP and BP86 functionals is noticeable.magnified image
Amino‐Acid‐Based Zwitterionic Polymer and Its Cu(II)‐Induced Aggregation into Nanostructures: A Template for CuS and CuO Nanoparticles
Authors: Banerjee Sanjib , Maji Tanmoy , Paira Tapas K. , Mandal Tarun K. 
Published: August 2013

A convenient and water‐based approach is described for the synthesis of an l‐lysine‐based zwitterionic polymer, poly(ε−l‐lysinyl acrylamide) (PLAM), without using protecting group chemistry, chromatographic purifications, and organic solvents as the reaction media. PLAM contains both amine and carboxylic acid groups in each repeating unit, which can either be protonated or deprotonated just by altering the pH of the solution to obtain overall positive or negative charge. PLAM is tested for its applicability as a zwitterionic polymeric buffer in water. Cu(II) ion‐induced aggregation of PLAM as a function of solution pH is studied. Spherical nanogel aggregates are formed at pH 9.5 due to aggregation of PLAM through its complexation with Cu(II) ion. Spherical aggregates appear to dissociate via breaking of the complexation at a pH < 5.5 resulting in molecular dissolution of PLAM. This aggregation process is pH reversible. The Cu(II)–PLAM aggregates are used as a template for fabrication of CuO and CuS nanoparticles.
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Diverse antimicrobial interactions of halophilic archaea and bacteria extend over geographical distances and cross the domain barrier
Authors: Atanasova Nina S. , Pietilä Maija K. , Oksanen Hanna M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe significance of antimicrobial substances, halocins, produced by halophilic archaea and bacteria thriving in hypersaline environments is relatively unknown. It is suggested that their production might increase species diversity and give transient competitive advances to the producer strain. Halocin production is considered to be common among halophilic archaea, but there is a lack of information about halocins produced by bacteria in highly saline environments. We studied the antimicrobial activity of 68 halophilic archaea and 22 bacteria isolated from numerous geographically distant hypersaline environments. Altogether 144 antimicrobial interactions were found between the strains and aside haloarchaea, halophilic bacteria from various genera were identified as halocin producers. Close to 80% of the interactions were detected between microorganisms from different genera and in few cases, even across the domain boundary. Several of the strains produced halocins with a wide inhibitory spectrum as has been observed before. Most of the antimicrobial interactions were found between strains from distant sampling sites indicating that hypersaline environments around the world have similar microorganisms with the potential to produce wide activity range antimicrobials.