bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood and demographic predictors of life evaluation, life satisfaction, and happiness:
A cross-national analysis of the Global Flourishing Study
Authors: Lomas Tim , Koga Hayami , Padgett R. , Pawelski James , Kim Eric , Makridis Christos , Gundersen Craig , Bradshaw Matt , Pertel Noémie Le , Shiba Koichiro , Johnson Byron , VanderWeele Tyler 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Subjective wellbeing has increasingly attracted attention across academia and beyond (e.g., policy making). However, the research literature has various shortcomings, including (1) conceptual confusion around key constructs, (2) limited and fragmented understanding of contextual dynamics, and (3) a lack of cross-cultural consideration. This paper reports on data from an ambitious research endeavour capable of redressing these three issues: the Global Flourishing Study (GFS), an intended five-year (minimum) panel study investigating the predictors of human flourishing. In addressing the aforementioned issues, first, the GFS has separate items for three constructs at the heart of subjective wellbeing that are often used interchangeably but are actually distinct: life evaluation; life satisfaction, and happiness. Second, the GFS enables an analysis of the association with these constructs of 15 contextual factors (eight relating to childhood, four demographic, and three pertaining to both). Third, the GFS includes (in this first year) 202,898 participants from 22 geographically and culturally diverse countries. Regarding contextual factors, all 15 had a significant association with all three outcome variables, with the largest variation observed being for self-reported health among the childhood predictors and employment status among the demographic factors. Significantly though, the overall patterns were not uniform across countries, suggesting the trends observed are not inevitable or universal, but are contingent on socio-cultural factors. The findings provide a better understanding of, and the foundation for future work on, the conceptual, contextual, and cross-cultural dynamics of this important topic.
Comparing Deep Learning Approaches for SAR Imaging: Electromagnetic and Segmentation-Driven Simulation versus Image-to-Image Style Transfer
Authors: Letheule Nathan , Weissgerber Flora , Lobry Sylvain , Colin Elise 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This article explores two innovative approaches to simulating synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from their optical modality equivalents using deep learning methods; one approach also incorporates a physical simulator. The goal is to generate realistic images of large scenes, which could be used for training supervised recognition algorithms or pilot training. We explore, on one hand, the use of conditional generative adversarial networks (cGAN) for supervised transfer from the optical to the radar modality. On the other hand, we use EMPRISE, a physical simulator developed by ONERA, which utilizes a description of materials present in the scene, and we consider achieving this description through supervised semantic segmentation of the optical image. The evaluation of the realism of the obtained SAR images focuses on the fidelity of textures, as well as the presence of bright scatterers. We propose to use the Bhattacharyya distance between the second and third log-cumulant diagrams of the real and simulated images to assess the fidelity of textures. We consider three complementary criteria for evaluating bright point similarity, in particular the chamfer distance between the point clouds detected in both real and simulated images. In our dataset, the cGAN model fails to generate bright points effectively, whereas EMPRISE generates a point cloud with an approximate chamfer distance of 15 pixels. Moreover, EMPRISE tends to overgenerate bright points in the simulated images but demonstrates superior performance in urban areas. Concerning textures, the Bhattacharyya distance for cGAN is approximately 1.72, indicating degraded performance over forested regions, whereas for EMPRISE, this distance is about 0.10, showing the best results in the same forest areas. The results demonstrate that while the cGAN approach produces images with realistic content, it falls short in accurately simulating micro-textures and bright scatterers. Despite being constrained by segmentation into a limited number of classes and exhibiting modest performance, the EMPRISE simulation proves to be more effective than cGAN at reproducing real SAR features.
Testing bioregionalization hypotheses of the Brazilian coast using phylogeography of marine mites
Authors: Pepato Almir Rogério , Gomes-Almeida Brenda Karolina , Vidigal Teofania Heloisa Dutra Amorim , Costa Samuel Geremias dos Santos , Klimov Pavel Borisovich 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Biogeographic division of the Brazilian coast has been the subject of debates, with alternative hypotheses proposing different borders between provinces or ecoregions. To test these hypotheses, we used halacarid mites, a common component of marine meiofauna, well-suited for this task due to their lack of a planktonic dispersal stage. We sequenced one mitochondrial and two nuclear markers from 427 individuals belonging to three OTUs (Agauopsis bilophus, A. legionium and Rhombognathus levigatoides) from 47 localities. Our data confirmed the main partition of the Brazilian coast into theTropical and Subtropical provinces at the Abrolhos Plateau (~15-20°S), an area that also serves as a transitional zone between the two provinces, with its southern limit where the Vitória-Trindade ridge meets the continent (~20S), deflecting surface currents and thereby serving as a biogeographic barrier. The A. bilophus and R. levigatoides OTUs each formed species-level sister clades, which are distributed according to this division, with the former allopatric, while the later were sympatric at the Abrolhos plateau. We confirmed the following subregions: Amazonian from 4°N to ~2.5°S; Northeast from ~2.5°S to ~7-13°S; East from this point to Abrolhos Plateau (~15°S); the Abrolhos from ~15°S to ~20°S; and the Southeast/South from ~20°S southward.
Relationship Between Moral Identity and Effortful Control with Antisocial Behaviors in Adolescence: Examining the Mediating Role of Empathy
Authors: Taravian Sara , Nikdel Fariborz , nia Ali Taghvaee 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim: Antisocial behaviors encompass violations of societal norms and laws, ranging from superficial acts like lying and bullying to more severe crimes such as violence and criminality. These actions, which infringe upon the rights of others, may intensify over time. The current research aimed to examine the mediating role of empathy in the relationship between moral identity and effortful control with antisocial behaviors among high school students in Shiraz.
Method: The statistical population included all high school students in Shiraz city. From this population, a sample of 567 individuals was selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The instruments used included Aquino and Reed's (2002) Moral Identity Questionnaire, Ellis and Rothbart's (2001) Effortful Control Questionnaire, the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ), and Burt & Donnellan's (2009) Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire. The evaluation of the proposed model was conducted using path analysis in SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software.
Result: The findings indicated that the proposed model fits the data well. There is a direct effect of moral identity on empathy, and empathy has a meaningful direct effect on antisocial behaviors. Similarly, moral identity directly influences antisocial behaviors. However, the paths from moral identity to antisocial behaviors, from effortful control to empathy, and from effortful control to antisocial behaviors are not significant. Additionally, the indirect path from moral identity to antisocial behavior through empathy is significant. However, the indirect path from effortful control to antisocial behavior through empathy is not significant.
Conclusion: Thus, reinforcing moral identity and empathy can serve as effective strategies to address antisocial behaviors. These two elements can foster greater understanding and mutual respect within society, which, in turn, may lead to a reduction in conflicts and the promotion of healthier relationships.
Road user video evidence of road traffic offences: Preliminary analysis of Operation Snap data and suggestions for a research agenda
Authors: Farrell Graham , Lovelace Robin , O'Hern Steve 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study uses data from Operation Snap (OpSnap), the UK police’s national system to receive road users’ video evidence of road traffic offences. Data from one police force area for 39 months (January 2021 to March 2024) (N = 20,364 records) is analysed. Half were submitted by vehicle drivers (49.8%), a third by cyclists (34.7%), 7.2% bypedestrians, over 2% by horse riders and, 3% from other sources. We estimate that, relative to road distance travelled, cyclists were 20 times more likely to submit video evidence than vehicle drivers. The most common offences overall were driving ‘without reasonable consideration to others’ or ‘without due care and attention’. Half (53.4%) of reports resulted in the recommended disposal of an educational course, 31% in no further action, 12.7% in conditional offers, over 2% in a court appearance, and 1% undergoing further investigation. A research agenda using OpSnap data is outlined: a national dataset should be compiled, and comparative analysis of offence type, source, locations, and case disposal undertaken at national, regional, and local levels; research into disposal-related decision-making, video quality, and the role of supporting evidence should identify good practice; further study of video content, offence concentration (recidivism, repeat submitters of evidence, spatial hotspots) and case progression including court cases should ve undertaken. We conclude that more extensive analysis of OpSnap data holds significant potential to inform policy and practice locally, nationally and internationally.
Pollination Efficiency of Apis mellifera and Hypotrigona gribodoi on Capsicum annuum Fruit Set and Yield.
Authors: Mbazi Paschal H , Munishi Pantaleo K.T. , Emily Cosmas J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Pollination by insects accounts for over 70% of global food crop production. Among insect species, bees are one of the most efficient pollinators though their pollination efficiency varies between species. Amidst rising worries about declining pollinator populations due to human activities, comprehending diverse pollinator capabilities is crucial for conservation. While stingless bees show promise as commercial pollinators, their capacities compared to Apis mellifera remain insufficiently understood. This study evaluated the pollination efficiency of Apis mellifera and Hypotrigona gribodoi on fruit set and yield in Capsicum annuum. A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replications and three caged treatments involving Apis mellifera, Hypotrigona gribodoi, and a control plot without pollinators on Capsicum annum. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis were used to compare the differences in fruit quality, seed quality, and fruit set rate between the two species. Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) and Dunn tests were used for normally distributed and non-normally distributed data respectively. The results show significant differences in the number of fruits per plant, fruit transverse circumference, fruit vertical circumference, fruit weight and percentage fruit set rate per plant between control plot without a pollinator, Apis melifera and Hypotrigona gribodoi pollinated Capsicum annuum (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the number of seeds in the fruit and the weight of 100 dry seeds per fruit among the two species (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that Hypotrigona gribodoi is a more efficient pollinator of Capsicum annum L. More research on the differential pollination efficiency among different species in crop production is imperative.
An Islamic perspective on decision making under uncertainty
Authors: Suliswanto Muhammad Sri Wahyudi 
Published: July 2024

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to find out the Islamic view regarding decision making in uncertainty.Method – The method used is literature study from various related references.Result – The result of this study is that uncertainty or risk is not something that is forbidden in Islam. Implication – The implication of this study is the advantage of Islamic economics which lies in recognizing this uncertainty. Very useful as a stimulant and motivation to "engineer" an investment to bring a return.Originality – This is the first study examining an Islamic perspective on decision making under uncertainty.
Flood risk assessment using machine learning, hydrodynamic modelling, and the analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Huu Duy Nguyen , Tuan Pham Le , Xuan Linh Nguyen , Van Truong Tran , Dang Dinh Kha , Quang Hai Truong , Bui Quang-Thanh 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to develop a theoretical framework based on machine learning, the hydrodynamic model, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assess the risk of flooding downstream of the Ba River in the Phu Yen. The framework was made up of three main factors: flood risk, flood exposure, and flood vulnerability. Hazard was calculated from flood depth, flood velocity, and flood susceptibility, of which depth and velocity were calculated using the hydrodynamic model, and flood susceptibility was built using machine learning, namely, support vector machines, decision trees, AdaBoost, and CatBoost. Flood exposure was constructed by combining population density, distance to the river, and land use/land cover. Flood vulnerability was constructed by combining poverty level and road density. The indices of each factor were integrated using the AHP. The results showed that the hydraulic model was successful in simulating flood events in 1993 and 2020, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values of 0.95 and 0.79, respectively. All machine learning models performed well, with area under curve (AUC) values of more than 0.90; among them, AdaBoost was most accurate, with an AUC value of 0.99.
A geospatial modelling for glacial lake outburst floods susceptibility analysis in the central Himalayas
Authors: Thapliyal Asha , Kimothi Sanjeev 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Glacial lakes have increased throughout a significant portion of the Himalayan region, and hence the present study focuses on a geospatial modelling approach for analysing the susceptibility to glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) in the central Himalayan region. Multitemporal satellite imageries such as Landsat-TM and Sentinel-2 were taken. The hydrodynamic compatibility tool HEC-RAS 5.0 was used for GLOF prediction, and the lake volume and surface area were calculated using established empirical equations. The breach fails and flood flow were approximated, and arising uncertainties were analysed with three outburst scenarios. The number of lakes and their sizes have significantly increased according to the findings of the study. Of these, the Vasundhara Lake (VL), which is located at 4,676 m above the sea level, is assigned to the hazardous category for more examination. It has been found that the lake's area expanded over the past three decades (i.e. 1994–2020), rising from 0.15 to 0.29 km2. The study demonstrates that, in the worst-case situation, infrastructure along riverbanks may be susceptible to harm. The study provides information on the potential effects of GLOF events in the study region that might be used in early warning systems and water resource management plans.
Performance of bio-nest by modified basalt fiber carriers on the enhanced remediation of low-carbon and -nitrogen urban black-smelling water
Authors: He Kai , Yuan Jinlong , Qi Xiaoyuan , Yu Haixia , Lu Haoxian , Yin Qidong , Zhang Suo , Liu Bingjun 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Biological contact oxidation reactors employing modified basalt fiber (MBF) were constructed to systematically investigate the impact of various hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and aeration durations on nitrogen and phosphorus removal in low carbon and polluted river water. The experimental findings underscored that configuring the HRT to 36 h and maintaining an aeration ratio of 1:2 yielded the most favorable outcomes for the removal of chemical oxygen demand, NH4+ -N, total nitrogen (TN), and TP from synthetic low carbon, source-polluted river water. Detailed microbial sequencing elucidated the predominant bacterial phylum within the MBF reactor, identified as Proteobacteria. The dominant genera encompassed Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and SM1A02. This microbial composition, marked by a high abundance of denitrifying genera, corroborated the robust denitrification capacity exhibited by the MBF reactors. The orchestrated combination of optimal operational parameters and the prevalence of key microbial taxa substantiate the efficiency of MBF reactors in effectively mitigating nitrogen and phosphorus in low carbon source river water.
Targeting Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitor via Enalapril Reduces Postsurgical Adhesion Band Formation
Authors: Majnoon Sanaz , Asgharzadeh Fereshteh , Sabbaghzadeh Reihaneh , Nazari Seyedeh Elnaz , Yarmohammadi Zahra , Saeedi Nikoo , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Ferns Gordon , Khazaei Majid , Avan Amir 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Postoperative adhesions commonly occur after abdominal surgery and can
lead to significant complications. There is increasing evidence that targeting the renin-angiotensin
system (RAS) can reduce inflammation and fibrosis. This study investigates the therapeutic potential
of enalapril, an RAS inhibitor, in a rat model of postsurgical adhesion band formation.

Methods:
A total of 12 male albino Wistar rats received intraperitoneal administration of enalapril
(10 mg/kg). After 9 days, the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects were evaluated using RTPCR
and ELISA, alongside hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining.

Results:
The statistical analysis of findings showed that enalapril significantly reduced the frequency
and stability of adhesion bands. It attenuated submucosal edema by suppressing pro-inflammatory
cytokines, decreasing pro-inflammatory cell infiltration, and inhibiting oxidative stress at the peritoneal
surgery site. Additionally, enalapril inhibited fibrotic adhesion band formation by reducing collagen
deposition and suppressing the expression of profibrotic genes in peritoneal adhesion tissues.

Conclusion:
These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of enalapril in preventing postsurgical
adhesion band formation by inhibiting key pathological responses of inflammation and fibrosis,
supporting its use as a preventive treatment in postoperative adhesion management.
Naringenin: A Promising Immunomodulator for Anti-inflammatory, Neuroprotective and Anti-cancer Applications
Authors: Solanki Sarita , Vig Himangi , Khatri Nidhi , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Khan Mohammad Shahid , Devgun Manish , Wal Pranay , Wal Ankita 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Inflammatory, immune, and neurodegenerative diseases constitute a category of persistent and debilitating conditions affecting millions worldwide, with inter-twined pathophysiological pathways. Recent research has spotlighted naturally occurring compounds like naringenin for potential therapeutic applications across multiple ailments.

Objective:
This review offers an encompassing exploration of naringenin's anti-inflammatory, immune-protective, and neuroprotective mechanisms, elucidating its pharmacological targets, signal transduction pathways, safety profile, and insights from clinical investigations.

Methods:
Data for this review were amassed through the scrutiny of various published studies via search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Content from reputable publishers including Bentham Science, Taylor and Francis, Nature, PLOS ONE, among others, was referenced.

Results:
Naringenin exhibits substantial anti-inflammatory effects by restraining the NF-κB signaling pathway. It activates Nrf2, renowned for its anti-inflammatory properties, inducing the release of hemeoxynase-1 by macrophages. Furthermore, naringenin treatment downregulates the expression of Th1 cytokines and inflammatory mediators. It also impedes xanthine oxidase, counteracts reactive oxygen species (ROS), scavenges superoxide radicals, mitigates the accessibility of oxygen-induced K+ erythrocytes, and reduces lipid peroxidation. Naringenin's antioxidant prowess holds promise for addressing neurological conditions.

Conclusion:
Extensive research has been undertaken to establish the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective attributes of naringenin across various medical do-mains, lending credence to its pharmacological utility. The principal obstacle to naringenin's adoption as a therapeutic agent remains the dearth of in vivo data. Efforts should focus on rendering naringenin delivery patient-friendly, economically viable, and technologically advanced.
ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ПІДСУМКОГО МОДУЛЬНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ ЛІКАРСЬКА ПРАКТИКА В СІМЕЙНІЙ МЕДИЦИНІ
Authors: Юсипчук Уляна , Вакалюк Ігор , Мергель Тетяна 
Published: July 2024

В статті показана важлива роль організації проведення лікарської практики в сімейній медицині шляхом закріплення знань та практичних навичок в реальних професійних умовах. Дисципліна лікарська практика в сімейній медицині вивчається студентами на п’ятому курсі Івано-Франківського національного медичного університету. Основним пріоритетом в вивченні даної дисципліни є постійна гармонійна і завершена співпраця керівників практики та студентів. Студенти виконують обсяг професійних обов'язків сімейного лікаря в міських закладах охорони здоров’я разом з сімейними лікарями-кураторами. Логічним етапом завершення проходження студентами практики є проведення підсумкового модульного контролю з лікарської практики в сімейній медицині. На кафедрі внутрішньої медицини № 2 та медсестринства студенти складають підсумковий модульний контроль на базі навчально-практичного центру «Медицина».
Контроль та оцінювання є найбільш відповідальними моментами процесу навчання, оскільки відображають результат роботи викладача. Викладач в даному процесі повинен враховувати характеристики психологічного та особистісного розвитку студентів, значення самостійної навчальної діяльності студентів.
Викладачі кафедри працюють з майбутніми лікарями, які чітко скеровані на досягнення своєї мети у навчанні, тому педагогічний процес має базуватися на принципах, які створюють гнучкий адаптивний простір для реалізації цілей і змісту освіти.
Ми повинні пам’ятати, що в Україні на даний час важливо створити умови для забезпечення належної підготовки студентів медичних університетів, оскільки від цього залежить якість надання медичної допомоги населенню країни майбутніми лікарями. Розвиток медичної науки і практики зумовлюють необхідність вносити корективи в підготовку медичних працівників із наближенням їх освіти до міжнародних стандартів. Це можливо зробити шляхом ефективної організації та інформатизації навчального процесу, впровадженням передових наукових розробок у практику викладання, забезпеченням високого професіоналізму викладачів, створенням сучасної навчально-методичної бази в медичних університетах. Доведено, що основою базової медичної освіти є практико-орієнтоване навчання.
Всі ці аспекти враховуються викладачами кафедри під час проходження студентами лікарської практики в сімейній медицині і складанням ними підсумкового модульного контролю.