bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetically engineered trees for plantation forests: key considerations for environmental risk assessment
Authors: Häggman Hely , Raybould Alan , Borem Aluizio , Fox Thomas , Handley Levis , Hertzberg Magnus , Lu Meng‐Zu , Macdonald Philip , Oguchi Taichi , Pasquali Giancarlo , Pearson Les , Peter Gary , Quemada Hector , Séguin Armand , Tattersall Kylie , Ulian Eugênio , Walter Christian , McLean Morven 
Published: August 2013

SummaryForests are vital to the world's ecological, social, cultural and economic well‐being yet sustainable provision of goods and services from forests is increasingly challenged by pressures such as growing demand for wood and other forest products, land conversion and degradation, and climate change. Intensively managed, highly productive forestry incorporating the most advanced methods for tree breeding, including the application of genetic engineering (GE), has tremendous potential for producing more wood on less land. However, the deployment ofGEtrees in plantation forests is a controversial topic and concerns have been particularly expressed about potential harms to the environment. This paper, prepared by an international group of experts in silviculture, forest tree breeding, forest biotechnology and environmental risk assessment (ERA) that met inApril 2012, examines how theERAparadigm used forGEcrop plants may be applied toGEtrees for use in plantation forests. It emphasizes the importance of differentiating betweenERAfor confined field trials ofGEtrees, andERAfor unconfined or commercial‐scale releases. In the case of the latter, particular attention is paid to characteristics of forest trees that distinguish them from shorter‐lived plant species, the temporal and spatial scale of forests, and the biodiversity of the plantation forest as a receiving environment.
Zinc finger artificial transcription factor–based nearest inactive analogue/nearest active analogue strategy used for the identification of plant genes controlling homologous recombination
Authors: Jia Qi , van Verk Marcel C. , Pinas Johan E. , Lindhout Beatrice I. , Hooykaas Paul J.J. , van der Zaal Bert J. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIn previous work, we selected a particular transcription factor, designated VP16‐HRU, from a pool of zinc finger artificial transcription factors (ZF‐ATFs) used for genome interrogation. When expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana under control of the ribosomal protein S5A promoter, the RPS5A::VP16‐HRU construct led to a 200‐ to 300‐fold increase in the frequency of somatic intrachromosomal homologous recombination (iHR). Because the expression of each ZF‐ATF leads to a large number of transcriptional changes, we designed a strategy employing a collection of structurally similar ZF‐ATFs to filter out the transcriptional changes relevant to the phenotype by deep sequencing. In that manner, 30 transcripts were found to be consistently induced in plants with enhanced homologous recombination (HR). For 25 of the cognate genes, their effect on the HR process was assessed using cDNA/gDNA expression constructs. For three genes, ectopic expression indeed led to enhanced iHR frequencies, albeit much lower than the frequency observed when a HR‐inducing ZF‐ATF was present. Altogether, our data demonstrate that despite the large number of transcriptional changes brought about by individual ZF‐ATFs, causal changes can be identified. In our case, the picture emerged that a natural regulatory switch for iHR does not exist but that ZF‐ATFs‐like VP16‐HRU act as an ectopic master switch, orchestrating the timely expression of a set of plant genes that each by themselves only have modest effects, but when acting together support an extremely high iHR frequency.
Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Japanese version of International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome in a clinical trial setting
Authors: Inoue Yuichi , Oka Yasunori , Kagimura Tatsuo , Kuroda Kenji , Hirata Koichi 
Published: August 2013

AimThis study was conducted to verify the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Japanese version of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale for restless legs syndrome (J‐IRLS) as a sub‐study of a clinical trial of pramipexole against restless legs syndrome.MethodsAfter evaluating the test–retest reliability, concurrent validity and construct validity were analyzed. The responsiveness of J‐IRLS was confirmed by evaluating the correlations between the changes in J‐IRLS total score after treatment, Clinical Global Impression Improvement Scale (CGI‐I), and Patient Global Impression.ResultsTest–retest reliability of J‐IRLS was good (intra‐class correlation coefficient, 0.877; 95% confidence interval, 0.802–0.925). The correlation coefficient of J‐IRLS total score and CGI‐S score for the first and second visit was 0.804 and 0.796, respectively (both P < 0.0001). Factor analysis of J‐IRLS itemsalone identified a two‐factor structure. Exploratory analysis on 10 items of J‐IRLS together with the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index revealed that several items on the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index appeared as the third factor. The correlations of CGI‐I and Patient Global Impression with change in J‐IRLS total score after treatment were highly significant.ConclusionsReliability, validity, and responsiveness of J‐IRLS were considered adequate. The scale is highly applicable both for evaluating the severity of restless legs syndrome and for assessing drug efficacy.
Unique variant of Adams–Oliver syndrome with dilated cardiomyopathy and heart block
Authors: Atasoy Halil Ibrahim , Tug Esra , Yavuz Taner , Cine Naci 
Published: August 2013

AbstractReported herein is the case of a 2‐year‐old boy with Adams–Oliver syndrome who presented with dilated cardiomyopathy and complete atrioventricular block. The patient had aplasia cutis congenita with partial aplasia of the skull bones, and terminal transverse limb malformations characteristic of the disease. Although congenital cardiac malformations may be associated with the syndrome, dilated cardiomyopathy has not been previously reported to be associated with the syndrome.
Administrators' Perspectives on Changing Practice in End‐of‐Life Care in a State Prison System
Authors: Penrod Janice , Loeb Susan J. , Smith Carol A. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveSentencing trends have created a demographic shift in prison populations. Greater numbers of inmates are aging and dying in prison, creating a demand for enhanced end‐of‐life (EOL) care. Changing practice to meet escalating care demands in correction settings is complicated by economic constraints, attitudinal barriers, and organizational features. This study explored perspectives of EOL care held by administrators in a state prison system to reveal challenges to changing practice to meet the needs of inmates suffering advanced illness and dying in prison.Design and SampleQualitative interviews were conducted with 12 administrators from the central office of a state department of corrections.MeasuresSemi‐structured discussion guide.ResultsKey influences impacting EOL care services included: local prison culture, treatment versus security focus, case‐by‐case consideration, public sentiment, budget neutral approaches, and conflicting views of service targets.ConclusionsThese findings revealed the organizational structures, attitudes, and beliefs held by the administrative echelon of a state prison system and were used to guide the derivation of discrete approaches to changing practice in this complex system. Contextual evaluation permitted a much deeper understanding of the influences on changing practice in this hierarchical bureaucracy. This type of preliminary evaluation is crucial to infusing new practice initiatives in complex organizations caring for stigmatized, at‐risk populations.
An Economic Analysis of Maritime Piracy and its Control
Authors: Hallwood Paul , Miceli Thomas J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractModern‐day piracy on the high seas poses a serious threat to international shipping. This paper develops an economic of model of piracy that emphasizes the strategic interaction between the efforts of pirates to locate potential targets, and shippers to avoid contact. Implementation of optimal enforcement policies is complicated by the need for international cooperation in the apprehension and prosecution of pirates. Free riding and other problems therefore impede the effectiveness of current international laws against piracy.
Is There a Gap in the Gap? Regional Differences in the Gender Pay Gap
Authors: Hirsch Boris , König Marion , Möller Joachim 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate regional differences in the gender pay gap both theoretically and empirically. Within a spatial model of monopsonistic competition, we show that more densely populated labour markets are more competitive and constrain employers’ ability to discriminate against women. Utilizing a large administrative data set for western Germany and a flexible semi‐parametric propensity score matching approach, we find that the unexplained gender pay gap for young workers is substantially lower in large metropolitan than in rural areas. This regional gap in the gap of roughly 10 percentage points remained surprisingly constant over the entire observation period of 30 years.
Discounting, Distribution and Disaggregation: Discount Rates for the Rich and the Poor with Climate as a Source of Utility
Authors: Yamaguchi Rintaro 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTo consider the implications of disaggregated consumption and discounting in the context of climate change, we study discounting in a world composed of the rich and the poor; a standard setting in the literature of cost–benefit analysis with distributional considerations. We derive several discount rates for different numéraires, which allow us to discuss intergenerational and intragenerational equity in common terms. In the example of CES‐CRRA utility, we also show that disaggregated discount rates may vary owing to several factors. One important parameter, inequality aversion, can be determined in the weighting of intergenerational and intragenerational concerns.
Translating Social Motivation Into Action: Contributions of Need for Approval to Children's Social Engagement
Authors: Rudolph Karen D. , Bohn Lauren E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis research examined how children's need for approval (NFA) from peers predicted social behavior (prosocial behavior, aggression, and social helplessness) and peer responses (acceptance, victimization, exclusion). Children (N = 526, mean age = 7.95, standard deviation = .33) reported on NFA and teachers reported on social engagement. Approach NFA (motivation to gain approval) predicted more positive engagement and less conflictual engagement and disengagement. Conversely, avoidance NFA (motivation to avoid disapproval) predicted less positive engagement and more conflictual engagement and disengagement. Some results differed by gender. This study suggests that social motivation contributes to children's peer relationships, providing a specific target for interventions to optimize social health.
Still a Physician rather than a Judge? The Post‐Cold War Foreign and Security Policy of Finland
Authors: Palosaari Teemu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article seeks to explain some of the key changes in Finnish foreign and security policy since the end of the Cold War. Finland's peace policy during the Cold War built on a self‐image of a neutral bridge‐builder between East and West, that is a ‘peacekeeping superpower’ and a ‘physician not judge’ in world politics. Since that Finland's neutrality has been replaced with a peculiar combination of military non‐alignment and commitment to the European Union's common security and defence policy. A change has taken place from traditional peacekeeping to military crisis management led by the EU and NATO. Lately, Finland has started to build a profile in the field of peace mediation. This article argues that these changes have been enabled by a recalibrated understanding of small stateness, as Finnish identity has been adjusted from small‐state neutrality towards ‘member‐state alignment’ and ‘small‐EU‐member‐stateness’. Consequently, the Finnish physician approach has been reconstructed for the post‐Cold War world.
Mechlorethamine, vincristine, melphalan and prednisone (MOMP) for the treatment of relapsed lymphoma in dogs
Authors: Back A. R. , Schleis S. E. , Smrkovski O. A. , Lee J. , Smith A. N. , Phillips J. C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEighty‐eight dogs with relapsed lymphoma were treated with theMOMP(mechlorethamine, vincristine, melphalan and prednisone) protocol on a 28‐day treatment cycle. The overall response rate (ORR) to theMOMPprotocol was 51.1% for a median of 56 days (range 7–858 days). Twelve percent of dogs experienced a complete response for a median of 81 days (range 42–274 days) and 38.6% experienced a partial response for a median of 49 days (range 7–858 days). Dogs with T‐cell lymphoma had anORRof 55% for a median of 60 days (range 49–858 days) while those with B‐cell lymphoma had anORRof 57% for a median of 81 days (range 7–274 days) (P = 0.783). The overall survival time for all dogs was 183 days (range 17–974 days). Fifty‐four percent of dogs experienced toxicity with the majority classified as grade I. TheMOMPprotocol seems well‐tolerated and is an option for dogs with relapsed lymphoma.
Spatially resolved assessment of hepatic function using 99mTc‐IDA SPECT
Authors: Wang Hesheng , Cao Yue 
Published: August 2013

Purpose:99mTc‐iminodiacetic acid (IDA) hepatobiliary imaging is usually quantified for hepatic function on the entire liver or regions of interest (ROIs) in the liver. The authors presented a method to estimate the hepatic extraction fraction (HEF) voxel‐by‐voxel from single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT with a 99mTc‐labeled IDA agent of mebrofenin and evaluated the spatially resolved HEF measurements with an independent physiological measurement.Methods:Fourteen patients with intrahepatic cancers were treated with radiation therapy (RT) and imaged by 99mTc‐mebrofenin SPECT before and 1 month after RT. The dynamic SPECT volumes were with a resolution of 3.9 × 3.9 × 2.5 mm3. Throughout the whole liver with approximate 50 000 voxels, voxelwise HEF quantifications were estimated and compared between using arterial input function (AIF) from the heart and using vascular input function (VIF) from the spleen. The correlation between mean of the HEFs over the nontumor liver tissue and the overall liver function measured by Indocyanine green clearance half‐time (T1/2) was assessed. Variation of the voxelwise estimation was evaluated in ROIs drawn in relatively homogeneous regions of the livers. The authors also examined effects of the time range parameter on the voxelwise HEF quantification.Results:Mean of the HEFs over the liver estimated using AIF significantly correlated with the physiological measurement T1/2 (r = 0.52, p = 0.0004), and the correlation was greatly improved by using VIF (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001). The parameter of time range for the retention phase did not lead to a significant difference in the means of the HEFs in the ROIs. Using VIF and a retention phase time range of 7–30 min, the relative variation of the voxelwise HEF in the ROIs was 10% ± 6% of respective mean HEF.Conclusions:The voxelwise HEF derived from 99mTc‐IDA SPECT by the deconvolution analysis is feasible to assess the spatial distribution of hepatic function in the liver.
Measurement of absorbed dose‐to‐water for an HDR 192Ir source with ionization chambers in a sandwich setup
Authors: Araki Fujio , Kouno Tomohiro , Ohno Takeshi , Kakei Kiyotaka , Yoshiyama Fumiaki , Kawamura Shinji 
Published: August 2013

Purpose:In this study, a dedicated device for ion chamber measurements of absorbed dose‐to‐water for a Nucletron microSelectron‐v2 HDR192Ir brachytherapy source is presented. The device uses two ionization chambers in a so‐called sandwich assembly. Using this setup and by taking the average reading of the two chambers, any dose error due to difficulties in absolute positioning (centering) of the source in between the chambers is cancelled to first order. The method's accuracy was examined by comparing measurements with absorbed dose‐to‐water determination based on the AAPM TG‐43 protocol.Methods:The optimal source‐to‐chamber distance (SCD) for192Ir dosimetry was determined from ion chamber measurements in a water phantom. The 192Ir source was sandwiched between two Exradin A1SL chambers (0.057 cm3) at the optimal SCD separation. The measured ionization was converted to the absorbed dose‐to‐water using a 60Co calibration factor and a Monte Carlo‐calculated beam quality conversion factor, kQ, for 60Co to 192Ir. An uncertainty estimate of the proposed method was determined based on reproducibility of measurements at different institutions for the same type of source.Results:The optimal distance for the A1SL chamber measurements was determined to be 5 cm from the192Ir source center, considering the depth dependency of kQ for 60Co to 192Ir and the chamber positioning. The absorbed dose to water measured at (5 cm, 90°) on the transverse axis was 1.3% lower than TG‐43 values and its reproducibility and overall uncertainty were 0.8% and 1.7%, respectively. The measurement doses at anisotropic points agreed within 1.5% with TG‐43 values.Conclusions:The ion chamber measurement of absorbed dose‐to‐water with a sandwich method for the192Ir source provides a more accurate, direct, and reference dose compared to the dose‐to‐water determination based on air‐kerma strength in the TG‐43 protocol. Due to the simple but accurate assembly, the sandwich measurement method is useful for daily dose management of 192Ir sources.
Abstract 06: A genetic risk predictor for breast cancer using a combination of low-penetrance polymorphisms in a Japanese population.
Authors: Ito Hidemi , Sueta Aiko , Iwata Hiroji , Hosono Satoyo , Oze Isao , Watanabe Miki , Iwase Hirotaka , Tanaka Hideo , Matsuo Keitaro 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified genetic variants associated with breast cancer. Most GWASs to date have been conducted in women of European descent, however, and the contribution of these variants as predictors in Japanese women is unknown. Here, we analyzed 79 genetic variants identified in previous GWASs and conducted a case–control study with 697 case subjects and 1,394 age- and menopausal status-matched controls. We fit conditional regression models with genetic variants and conventional risk factors. In addition, we created a polygenetic risk score, using those variants with a statistically significant association with breast cancer risk, and also evaluated the contribution of these genetic predictors using the c statistic. Twenty-three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed significant associations with breast cancer risk. A dose-dependent association was observed between the risk of breast cancer and the genetic risk score, which was an aggregate measure of alleles in seven selected variants. Compared to women with scores of 33 to 35, odds ratios (ORs) for women with scores of 23–25, 26–29, 30–32, and 10 or more were 1.28 (95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.76), 2.16 (1.61-2.95), 3.17 (2.07-4.87), and 7.7 (2.69-22.0), respectively (Ptrend = 1.28 × 10−13). The c statistic for a model including the genetic risk score in addition to the conventional risk factors was 0.726, versus 0.675 with the conventional risk factors only (P&lt;0.0001). In conclusion, we identified a genetic risk predictor of breast cancer in a Japanese population. Risk models which include a genetic risk score are possibly useful in distinguishing women at high risk of breast cancer from those at low risk, particularly in the context of targeted prevention.
Citation Format: Hidemi Ito, Aiko Sueta, Hiroji Iwata, Satoyo Hosono, Isao Oze, Miki Watanabe, Hirotaka Iwase, Hideo Tanaka, Keitaro Matsuo. A genetic risk predictor for breast cancer using a combination of low-penetrance polymorphisms in a Japanese population. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr 06.
Abstract 15: Interaction between retinol transporter genes and alcohol on the risk of head and neck cancer.
Authors: Chang Jeffrey S. , Hsiao Jenn-Ren , Wong Tung-Yiu , Tsai Sen-Tien , Ou Chun-Yen , Lo Hung-I , Huang Cheng-Chih , Lee Wei-Ting , Chen Ken-Chung , Huang Jehn-Shyun , Wang Yi-Hui , Weng Ya-Ling , Yang Han-Chien 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: Alcohol is a major risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC). The metabolism of ethanol can disrupt the metabolism of retinoic acid because the two pathways share some key enzymes. Retinoic acid is involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, which when dysregulated may lead to the development of cancer. A previous genome-wide association study reported an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two retinol transporter genes (TTR and RBP4) and serum retinol level (1). The current study evaluates the interaction between alcohol consumption and SNPs in TTR and RBP4 on the risk of HNC.
Methods: 223 incident cases of HNC and 214 sex- and age- matched controls were recruited from the department of otolaryngology and department of stomatology. In-person interviews were conducted to collect information on the use of alcohol, cigarette, and betel quid. Three tag-SNPs of TTR and 8 tag-SNPs of RBP4 were genotyped using the Taqman-based real-time PCR method or mass spectrometry-based detection method. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of HNC risk associated with each SNP and to evaluate the joint influence of SNPs and alcohol consumption on HNC risk, adjusted for age, sex, education, cigarette smoking and betel quid use.
Results: No significant association between HNC risk and any of the 11 tag-SNPs was observed. However, three SNPs of RBP4 appeared to modify the relationship between alcohol consumption and HNC risk. After combining the three SNPs into a polygenic risk score, the results showed that those who drank alcohol daily had a different risk of HNC, depending on the number of variant alleles (0 to 2 variant alleles: OR=1.2, 95% CI: 0.7-2.1; 3 or more variant alleles: OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.1-7.9; interaction P-value = 0.01)
Conclusion: The association between HNC risk and alcohol consumption is modified by the polymorphisms of RBP4.
Citation Format: Jeffrey S. Chang, Jenn-Ren Hsiao, Tung-Yiu Wong, Sen-Tien Tsai, Chun-Yen Ou, Hung-I Lo, Cheng-Chih Huang, Wei-Ting Lee, Ken-Chung Chen, Jehn-Shyun Huang, Yi-Hui Wang, Ya-Ling Weng, Han-Chien Yang. Interaction between retinol transporter genes and alcohol on the risk of head and neck cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr 15.