bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the metabolic responses to ingestion of hydrothermally processed high-amylopectin content maize, uncooked maize starch or dextrose in healthy individuals
Authors: Bracken Richard M. , Gray Benjamin J. , Turner Daniel 
Published: November 2013

Optimal carbohydrate ingestion strategies as nutritional therapy for glycogen storage diseases have not been fully realised, in part, due to difficulties in accessing patient cohorts, alongside limited details on metabolic effects and insight into working mechanisms. The present pilot study compared glycaemic and fuel oxidation responses following the ingestion of a hydrothermally processed maize starch (HPMS), an uncooked maize starch (UCMS) and maize-derived dextrose (DEX) at rest and during and after exercise in healthy individuals. A total of eight participants (seven males and one female; body mass (BM) 76·9 (sem5·2) kg) visited the laboratory on three occasions. During each visit, the participants ingested 1 g/kg BM of HPMS (Glycosade™), UCMS (Argo™) or DEX as a 10 % solution. Blood samples were collected over a 2 h rest period and for 2 h after a 60 min treadmill run at 65 (sem1) % VO2max. Mean values with their standard errors were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Blood glucose concentrations under the HPMS condition were significantly elevated from resting values at 90 min (P= 0·02) after ingestion compared with those under the UCMS (60 min;P= 0·02) and DEX (30 min;P= 0·001) conditions. The rate of carbohydrate use during exercise after the ingestion of HPMS was 7–9 % lower compared with that after the ingestion of either DEX or UCMS (P< 0·05). The total amount of lipids oxidised during exercise was greater under the HPMS condition (26·2 (sem2·8) g) compared with that oxidised under the UCMS (19·6 (sem2·7) g;P= 0·04) or DEX (20·6 (sem3·6) g;P= 0·07) condition. The results demonstrated a glycaemic advantage to the ingestion of HPMS over that of UCMS or DEX. Carbohydrate oxidation was reduced after the ingestion of HPMS compared with that after the ingestion of UCMS or DEX, with a corresponding higher rate of endogenous lipid use during exercise.
Relationships between the Active Aging Index and Disability-Free Life Expectancy: A Case Study in the Rajshahi District of Bangladesh
Authors: Tareque Md. Ismail , Hoque Nazrul , Islam Towfiqua Mahfuza , Kawahara Kazuo , Sugawa Makiko 
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉL’espérance de vie a considérablement augmenté dans le monde entier. Au Bangladesh, l’espérance de vie a augmenté d’environ 53 ans en 1975 à 69 ans en 2010. Cependant, on ne sait pas si l’augmentation de l’espérance de vie s’accompagne d’une augmentation simultanée d’espérance de vie sans incapacité (EVSI). Le but de l’étude décrite dans cet article était d’examiner la relation entre l’espérance de vie et l’EVSI dans le quartier de Rajshahi au Bangladesh, en examinant les relations entre l’indice de vieillissement actif (IVA) et EVSI. Les résultats de l’étude indiquent que les hommes âgés, urbains et plus cultivés sont plus actifs dans tous les aspects de la vie et avoir plus EVSI. On trouve que les femmes survivent les hommes, mais sont plus susceptibles de vivre une grande partie de leur vie restante avec un handicap. Des correlations positives entre l’IVA et EVSI indiquent que les personnes âgées pourraient bénéficier plus d’EVSI en s’impliquant dans les activités d’un vieillissement actif.
Induced reproduction and early development histology of Oscar Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831)
Authors: do Carmo Faria Paes Maria , Makino Lilian Cristina , Vasquez Leonardo Avendaño , Fernandes João Batista Kochenborger , Valentin Fernanda Nogueira , Nakaghi Laura Satiko Okada 
Published: November 2013

SummaryOscar (Astronotus ocellatus) is an important fish from the Amazon Basin that has great potential for fish farming, human consumption, sport fishing and fish keeping. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two hormonal treatments on the induction of artificial reproduction in broodstock and to describe the histological development of embryos and larvae. Broodstocks were selected and induced using two different hormones: (i) extract of carp pituitary (ECP); and (ii) synthetic human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Spawnings were transferred to hatcheries, collected at pre-established times, processed and analysed by histology. Astronotus ocellatus did not respond well to induced reproduction. From 16 couples of breeding fish, only five out of the eight females released oocytes after the hormonal action time, three with hCG and two with ECP; just one male responded positively to hCG. Oscar eggs were oval, and semi-adhesive, the yolk contained granules, and egg diameter was approximately 1.65 ± 0.057 to 1.98 ± 0.038 mm. Development from the initial collection (IC) point until the total absorption of the yolk lasted 315 h, at an average temperature of 27.45 ± 2.13°C. Several events marked embryonic and larval development, including the formation of the optic cup, forebrain, otic vesicle and cephalic divisions. The newly hatched larvae had non-pigmented eyes, and a closed mouth and anus, as well as the presence of adhesive glands on the head. Larval development was characterized by formation of the heart, liver, gaseous bladder, gills, pronephros, brain, fins and also the digestive tract. These results provide important information for the rearing and reproduction of A. ocellatus.
The Prehospital Sepsis Project: Out-of-Hospital Physiologic Predictors of Sepsis Outcomes
Authors: Baez Amado Alejandro , Hanudel Priscilla , Wilcox Susan Renee 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionSevere sepsis and septic shock are common, expensive and often fatal medical problems. The care of the critically sick and injured often begins in the prehospital setting; there is limited data available related to predictors and interventions specific to sepsis in the prehospital arena. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive effect of physiologic elements commonly reported in the out-of-hospital setting in the outcomes of patients transported with sepsis.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data from the years 2004-2006 were collected. Adult cases (≥18 years of age) transported by Emergency Medical Services to a major academic center with the diagnosis of sepsis as defined by ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes were included. Descriptive statistics and standard deviations were used to present group characteristics. Chi-square was used for statistical significance and odds ratio (OR) to assess strength of association. Statistical significance was set at the .05 level. Physiologic variables studied included mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and shock index (SI).ResultsSixty-three (63) patients were included. Outcome variables included a mean hospital length of stay (HLOS) of 13.75 days (SD = 9.97), mean ventilator days of 4.93 (SD = 7.87), in-hospital mortality of 22 out of 63 (34.9%), and mean intensive care unit length-of-stay (ICU-LOS) of 7.02 days (SD = 7.98). Although SI and RR were found to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, [OR 5.96 (CI, 1.49-25.78; P = .003) and OR 4.81 (CI, 1.16-21.01; P = .0116), respectively] none of the studied variables were found to predict mortality (MAP <65 mmHg: P = .39; HR >90: P = .60; RR >20 P = .11; SI >0.7 P = .35).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the out-of-hospital shock index and respiratory rate have high predictability for ICU admission. Further studies should include the development of an out-of-hospital sepsis score.BaezAA, HanudelP, WilcoxSR. The prehospital sepsis project: out-of-hospital physiologic predictors of sepsis outcomes. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(6):1-4.
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Triage Training by Role-Playing and Educational Video on the Knowledge and Performance of Emergency Medical Service Staffs in Iran
Authors: Aghababaeian Hamidreza , Sedaghat Soheila , Tahery Noorallah , Moghaddam Ali Sadeghi , Maniei Mohammad , Bahrami Nosrat , Ahvazi Ladan Araghi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionEducating emergency medical staffs in triage skills is an important aspect of disaster preparedness. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of role-playing and educational video presentation on the learning and performance of the emergency medical service staffs in Khozestan, IranMethodsA total of 144 emergency technicians were randomly classified into two groups. A researcher trained the first group using an educational video method and the second group with a role-playing method. Data were collected before, immediately, and 15 days after training using a questionnaire covering the three domains of demographic information, triage knowledge, and triage performance. The data were analyzed using defined knowledge and performance parameters.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two training methods on performance and immediate knowledge (P = .2), lasting knowledge (P=.05) and immediate performance (P = .35), but there was a statistical advantage for the role-playing method on lasting performance (P = .02).ConclusionThe two educational methods equally increase knowledge and performance, but the role-playing method may have a more desirable and lasting effect on performance.AghababaeianH, SedaghatS, TaheryN, Sadeghi MoghaddamA, ManieiM, BahramiN, Araghi AhvaziL. A comparative study of the effect of triage training by role-playing and educational video on the knowledge and performance of emergency medical service staffs in Iran. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(6):1-5.
Determinants on utilization of the Korea–ASEAN free trade agreement: margin effect, scale effect, and ROO effect
Authors: HAYAKAWA KAZUNOBU , KIM HANSUNG , LEE HYUN-HOON 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this paper we empirically examine the determinants on utilization of the Korea–ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (KAFTA) by employing a database provided by the Korea Customs and Trade Development Institute. We find that, although three effects, namely preferential margin (margin effect), rules of origin restrictiveness (ROO effect), and average export volume (scale effect), contribute to determining the utilization of the FTA, the scale effect has the greatest impact. Our results suggest that, since firms with relatively small volumes of trade are usually small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs), policy assistance for reducing administrative costs should be geared toward SMEs. Our results further indicate that policymakers should also try to negotiate more extensive tariff reductions on products not only where MFN rates are high but also where shipments are large.
Therapeutic presence, immediacy, and transparency in CBT with youth: carpe the moment!
Authors: Friedberg Robert D. , Tabbarah Sarah , Poggesi Rosa M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with youth owns a solid and growing empirical literature base. CBT also recognizes the contribution a good therapeutic relationship makes to favourable treatment outcome. However, it is argued that the therapeutic relationship is insufficiently operationalized and the extant definitions neglect the role of therapeutic presence, immediacy, and transparency. Indeed, presence, immediacy, and transparency represent critical elements in creating the necessary therapeutic alchemy leading to propitious symptom change. Accordingly, therapeutic presence, immediacy, and transparency are defined and explained. Additionally, clinical parameters for using presence, immediacy, and transparency in clinical encounters with young patients are articulated. Finally, these crucial processes pervade cognitive behavioral modules such as self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring and behavioural experiments/exposures are explicated through specific examples and therapeutic dialogues.
Hydrogels preserve native phenotypes of valvular fibroblasts through an elasticity-regulated PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Wang Huan , Tibbitt Mark W. , Langer Stephen J. , Leinwand Leslie A. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Valvular interstitial cells (VICs) are the principal cellular component of cardiac valves and maintain normal valve homeostasis. During valvular fibrosis, VICs differentiate into myofibroblasts and stiffen the valve matrix. The results in this report demonstrate that standard techniques of culturing VICs on supraphysiologically stiff, tissue-culture polystyrene cause a dramatic induction of myofibroblast differentiation. In contrast, culturing VICs on soft, poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels preserves the native, quiescent phenotype. A detailed study of VIC mechano-sensing reveals that matrix elasticity elicits pathologic changes in VICs through PI3K/AKT signaling. A more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms of VIC mechano-biology may facilitate development of novel therapeutics targeting downstream signaling in matrix-stiffness–associated diseases, and may be applicable to fibrotic diseases in different tissues.
Symbiotic bacteria appear to mediate hyena social odors
Authors: Theis Kevin R. , Venkataraman Arvind , Dycus Jacquelyn A. , Koonter Keith D. , Schmitt-Matzen Emily N. , Wagner Aaron P. , Holekamp Kay E. , Schmidt Thomas M. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
All animals are populated by microbes, and, contrary to popular belief, most microbes appear highly beneficial to their hosts. They are critical in animal nutrition and immune defense, and they can serve as important catalysts for the effective development and functioning of host tissues. It also is becoming increasingly clear that they can contribute to host behavior. It has been hypothesized that one way they do so is by producing the components of chemical signals that animals use to communicate. We tested and confirmed first predictions of this hypothesis in hyenas, demonstrating that the bacterial and odor profiles of hyena scent secretions covaried and that both profiles varied with characteristics of hyenas known to be communicated through their chemical signals.
Keratin 16 regulates innate immunity in response to epidermal barrier breach
Authors: Lessard Juliane C. , Piña-Paz Sylvia , Rotty Jeremy D. , Hickerson Robyn P. , Kaspar Roger L. , Balmain Allan , Coulombe Pierre A. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Here we report that keratin 16 (Krt16), a type I intermediate filament cytoskeletal protein, is an integral and functionally important component of a genetic network regulating danger signals, innate immunity, and barrier function in skin epidermis. Our findings help explain the pathogenesis of the conspicuous skin lesions arising in genetic skin disorders caused by mutations in Krt16, such as pachyonychia congenita and focal palmoplantar keratoderma, and in diseases in which Krt16 is induced and misregulated, such as psoriasis and cancer.
Motionless phase stepping in X-ray phase contrast imaging with a compact source
Authors: Miao Houxun , Chen Lei , Bennett Eric E. , Adamo Nick M. , Gomella Andrew A. , DeLuca Alexa M. , Patel Ajay , Morgan Nicole Y. , Wen Han 
Published: November 2013

Significance
From diagnostic exams to security screening, a major concern in X-ray imaging is the potential damage from absorbed radiation energy. Phase contrast techniques are being developed to alleviate the concern by detecting the slight refractive bending of X-rays in an object, instead of relying on the attenuation of the beam. A front runner in the development is technologies that require mechanical scanning of a grating in the X-ray beam to attain high-resolution images. This paper reports a motionless, electromagnetic scanning method in place of mechanical scanning. It lifts the constraints on speed and flexibility and reduces the complexity and cost of the technologies, all of which help bring them closer to everyday applications.
Searching for efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo proposal kernels
Authors: Yang Ziheng , Rodríguez Carlos E. 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceBayesian statistics is widely used in various branches of sciences; its main computational method is the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, which is used to simulate a sample on the computer, on which all Bayesian inference is based. The efficiency of the algorithm determines how long one should run the computer program to obtain estimates with acceptable precision. We compare different simulation algorithms and propose a unique class of algorithms (called Bactrian algorithms), which are found to be >50% more efficient than current algorithms. Our tests suggest that the improvement is generic and may apply to all MCMC algorithms developed in various applications of Bayesian inference.
Gene product 0.4 increases bacteriophage T7 competitiveness by inhibiting host cell division
Authors: Kiro Ruth , Molshanski-Mor Shahar , Yosef Ido , Milam Sara L. , Erickson Harold P. , Qimron Udi 
Published: November 2013

Significance
We have identified a phage-encoded inhibitor of the major cytoskeletal protein in bacterial division. The inhibition is shown to confer T7 bacteriophage with a significant growth advantage in dividing hosts. Our studies thus indicate a strategy in bacteriophages to maximize their progeny number by inhibiting escape of one of the daughter cells of an infected bacterium.
Synthetic lethality betweenCCNE1amplification and loss ofBRCA1
Authors: Etemadmoghadam Dariush , Weir Barbara A. , Au-Yeung George , Alsop Kathryn , Mitchell Gillian , George Joshy ,   Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Davis Sally , D’Andrea Alan D. , Simpson Kaylene , Hahn William C. , Bowtell David D. L. 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceWomen with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) harboring Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) gene amplification generally face a poor clinical outcome. These tumors comprise a significant group of ∼20% of HGSCs that are not associated withBRCA1/2mutation and are unlikely to respond to standard cytotoxic or poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors. We identified a specific dependency onBRCA1and members of the ubiquitin pathway inCCNE1-amplified tumors. The requirement forBRCA1seems to account for the mutual exclusivity of mutations observed in primary tumors. We propose a unique therapeutic strategy involving inhibition of the proteasome and homologous recombination function with bortezomib. Our findings are likely to have relevance to the treatment of other tumor types withCCNE1amplification, including triple negative breast cancer.
Identifying external influences on global precipitation
Authors: Marvel Kate , Bonfils Céline 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceThis study provides evidence that human activities are affecting precipitation over land and oceans. Anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion are expected to lead to a latitudinal intensification and redistribution of global precipitation. However, detecting these mechanisms in the observational record is complicated by strong climate noise and model errors. We establish that the changes in land and ocean precipitation predicted by theory are indeed present in the observational record, that these changes are unlikely to arise purely due to natural climate variability, and that external influences, probably anthropogenic in origin, are responsible.
Mechanism of IAPP amyloid fibril formation involves an intermediate with a transient β-sheet
Authors: Buchanan Lauren E. , Dunkelberger Emily B. , Tran Huong Q. , Cheng Pin-Nan , Chiu Chi-Cheng , Cao Ping , Raleigh Daniel P. , de Pablo Juan J. , Nowick James S. , Zanni Martin T. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
There is an enormous interest in the mechanism by which proteins misfold and aggregate into amyloid fibrils. Amyloid has been implicated in many human diseases, but the mechanism of aggregation is not understood. Intermediates have been postulated to play an important role in the process, but there have been very few direct measurements that provide specific structural details. The use of isotope labeling and 2D IR methods has allowed the characterization of a critical intermediate generated during amyloid formation by islet amyloid polypeptide, the peptide responsible for amyloid formation in type 2 diabetes. Identification of this intermediate provides a structural explanation for the lag phase and may explain why some species develop amyloid deposits of hIAPP while others do not.
Microphysical effects determine macrophysical response for aerosol impacts on deep convective clouds
Authors: Fan Jiwen , Leung L. Ruby , Rosenfeld Daniel , Chen Qian , Li Zhanqing , Zhang Jinqiang , Yan Hongru 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceDeep convective clouds (DCCs) play a key role in atmospheric circulation and the hydrological and energy cycle. How aerosol particles affect DCCs is poorly understood, making it difficult to understand current and future weather and climate. Our work showed that in addition to the invigoration of convection, which has been unanimously cited for explaining the observed results, the microphysical effects induced by aerosols are a fundamental reason for the observed increases in cloud fraction, cloud top height, and cloud thickness in the polluted environment, even when invigoration is absent. The finding calls for an augmented focus on understanding the changes in stratiform/anvils associated with convective life cycle.
Phosphorylation-dependent derepression by the response regulator HnoC in theShewanella oneidensisnitric oxide signaling network
Authors: Plate Lars , Marletta Michael A. 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceThe majority of response regulators in bacterial two-component signaling systems function as transcription factors to induce changes in gene expression in response to an external stimulus. Phosphorylation typically promotes subunit oligomerization, which enhances DNA binding. Here we describe a response regulator, HnoC, with an unprecedented regulation mechanism. Unphosphorylated HnoC exists as a tetramer and associates tightly to DNA, whereas phosphorylation causes subunit dissociation and transcriptional derepression. HnoC is part of a multicomponent signaling network, which controls biofilm formation in response to nitric oxide, possibly as a defense mechanism against NO cytotoxicity. HnoC represses transcription of all of the genes in the NO-signaling network, thus creating a transcriptional feedback loop, which could further tune the signaling dynamics.
Comminution of solids caused by kinetic energy of high shear strain rate, with implications for impact, shock, and shale fracturing
Authors: Bažant Zdeněk P. , Caner Ferhun C. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Fragmentation, crushing, and pulverization of solids, referred to as comminution, has long been of keen interest for mining, tunneling, explosions, meteorite impact, missile impact, ground shock, terrorist attacks, and various industrial processes. Recently, interest surged in comminution of gas or oil shale as a way to enhance the permeability of shale mass by orders of magnitude. Particularly intriguing is a proposed, environmentally friendlier, alternative to hydraulic fracturing in which the fracturing would be achieved by shock waves from explosions or electrohydraulic pulsed arc in a horizontal borehole. The discharge of contaminated water would, in this case, be negligible. In all these problems the energy dissipation density is a key parameter to predict. Here a theory to do so is outlined.