bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Multiple-Mixing-Cell Method To Improve Speed and Robustness of Compositional Simulation
Authors: Rezaveisi Mohsen , Johns Russell T. , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: January 2015

Summary
Standard equation-of-state-based phase equilibrium modeling in reservoir simulators involves computationally intensive and time-consuming iterative calculations for stability analysis and flash calculations. Therefore, speeding up stability analysis and flash calculations and improving robustness of the calculations are of utmost importance in compositional reservoir simulation.
Prior knowledge of the tie-lines traversed by the solution of a gas-injection problem translates into valuable information with significant implications for speed and robustness of reservoir simulators. The solution of actual-gas-injection processes follows a very complex route because of dispersion, pressure variations, and multidimensional flow. The multiple-mixing-cell (MMC) method, originally developed to calculate minimum miscibility pressure of a gas-injection process, accounts for various levels of mixing of the injected gas and initial oil. This observation suggests that the MMC tie-lines developed upon repeated contacts may represent a significant fraction of the actual simulation tie-lines encountered. We investigate this idea and use three tie-line-based K-value-simulation methods for application of MMC tie-lines in reservoir simulation. In two of the tie-line-based K-value-simulation methods, we examine tabulation and interpolation of MMC tie-lines in a framework similar to the compositional-space adaptive-tabulation (CSAT) method. In the third method, we perform K-value simulations based on inverse-distance interpolation of K-values from MMC tie-lines.
We demonstrate that for the displacements examined, the MMC tie-lines are sufficiently close to the actual simulation tie-lines and provide excellent coverage of the simulation compositional route. The MMC-based methods are then compared with the computational time by use of other methods of phase-equilibrium calculations, including a modified application of CSAT (an adaptive tie-line-based K-value simulation), a method using only heuristic techniques, and the standard method in an implicit-pressure/explicit-concentration-type reservoir simulator. The results show that tabulation and interpolation of MMC tie-lines significantly improve phase equilibrium and computational time compared with the standard approach, with acceptable accuracy. The results also show that computational performance of the MMC-based methods with only prior tie-line tables is very close to that of CSAT, which requires flash calculations during simulation. The K-value simulations by use of MMC-based tie-line-interpolation methods improve the total computational time up to 51% in the cases studied, with acceptable accuracy.
The results suggest that MMC tie-lines represent a significant fraction of the actual tie-lines during simulation and can be used to significantly improve speed and robustness of phase-equilibrium calculations in reservoir simulators.
The FASB's Dissenting Opinions
Authors: Bradbury Michael E. , Harrison Julie A. 
Published: January 2015

SYNOPSIS
This paper provides a commentary on the results of a content analysis of dissenting opinions in Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) standards. During 1973 to 2009 the FASB issued 171 financial accounting standards. Half of these standards contained dissenting opinions. We identify and classify dissenting opinions based on whether the arguments are conceptual (conceptual framework-related or non-framework-related) or non-conceptual (e.g., scope, due process). We examine whether the types and frequencies of arguments change over time in response to the development of the FASB's conceptual framework and provide a commentary on the role of these opinions and the usefulness of analyzing them for research and practice. Our main finding from our analysis is that conceptual arguments are the most frequently used in the dissenting opinions, both before and after the introduction of the conceptual framework. However, of note is that many of the arguments raised, while conceptual in nature, are not from the conceptual framework. We suggest this indicates either a need for the conceptual framework language to be more widely used by the authors of dissenting opinions and/or the emergence of new conceptual arguments that may be relevant for future revisions of the conceptual framework.
Significant Others in Substance Abusers’ Change Talk During Motivational Interviewing Sessions in the Finnish Probation Service
Authors: Sarpavaara Harri 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAIMS – This article explores the meanings substance-abusing clients attach to family and friendships during motivational interviewing (MI) sessions in Probation Service. DATA – The analyses are based on videotaped and transcribed data consisting of 82 MI sessions. This database involves the first two counseling sessions of 41 client-counselor pairs. Sessions were videotaped in 12 Probation Service offices in Finland between 2007 and 2009. METHODS – The analysis relies on coding of client’s change talk utterances and qualitative semiotic framework. RESULTS – The meanings of the significant others were diverse from the point of view of the client’s motivation: family appeared as a support for change, an aspiration, a sufferer, or an obstacle to change; and friendship appeared as an obstacle to change, a surmounted obstacle, a cause to change, or a support to change. CONCLUSIONS - Significant others and their quality are important and diverse factors that promote or hinder change in substance abuser’ change talk. Thus, it is suggested that the meaning of significant others should not be overlooked in MI and other substance abuse treatment.
And That is Where the Fun Ends – General Practitioners’ Conceptualisation of the Line between Recreational and Problem Gambling
Authors: Egerer Michael Dieter , Marionneau Virve 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAIMS – Problem gambling is normally identified by fixed criteria of harm adapted from those of substance abuse and by focusing on the individual gambler. However, rigid definitions neglect institutional variations of gambling practices within different legislative configurations. This study proposes analysing the line between recreational and problem gambling by focusing on gambling behaviour and looking at the corruption of the defining factors of play (Caillois, 1958) in three different institutional contexts. DESIGN – A stimulated focus-group method (Reception Analytical Group Interview) was applied to seven groups of Finnish and French general practitioners each and three groups of German ones to study the variations of conceptualising the defining factors of play as introduced by Caillois. RESULTS – Corruption of play was distinguished by participants from all three countries as the dividing line between recreational and problem gambling, but cultural variations were found: the French and German GPs emphasised the loss of the exceptionality of gambling, whereas the Finnish GPs highlighted the invasion of the home by online gambling. Furthermore, the Finnish and German participants were more concerned about the use of gambling as an emotional regulator, while French GPs echoed the French medical model in discussing the adrenaline rush of problem gamblers. CONCLUSIONS – Caillois’ defining factors of play can be used to distinguish recreational from problem gambling and to offer a more encompassing definition of problem gambling. The perception of the line between recreational and problem gambling also seems to depend on the institutional and cultural context.
Implementation of a Multicomponent Responsible Beverage Service Programme in Sweden – A Qualitative Study of Promoting and Hindering Factors
Authors: Haggård Ulrika , Trolldal Björn , Kvillemo Pia , Guldbrandsson Karin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAIMS – The objective of this study was to identify factors that either promote or hinder implementation of a multicomponent Responsible Beverage Service programme in Swedish municipalities. DESIGN – Forty semi-structured interviews were conducted in six municipalities and directed content analysis, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), was performed. RESULTS – The CFIR framework was useful as an underlying theoretical model in this study. Importance of the following factors, described in the five domains of CFIR, was empirically supported in this study: local needs, evidence strength and advantages of the intervention, costs and available resources, clear goals, evaluation and feedback, access to knowledge and information, clear role definitions and cooperation, and enthusiastic key persons with high confidence in the effectiveness of the intervention. Hindering factors listed by the informants were lack of enthusiasm and opportunities to specialise, low degree of self-efficacy, unengaged decision-makers, complexities of the programme, and a top-down approach. CONCLUSIONS – This study indicates that previously identified factors shown to promote and hinder implementation processes are also valid in the context of multicomponent community action programmes like RBS. Suggestions on how to elude some of the hindering factors are proposed, e.g. to develop long-time financial plans, to provide better information about the RBS program in full, and to stress the importance of collaboration between representatives from the municipalities, police authorities and owners of on-licenced premises.
Paediatric autoimmune inner ear disease
Authors: Dougherty William , Thatayatikom Akaluck , Bush Matthew L. 
Published: January 2015

Objective:
Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is an uncommon cause of sensorineural hearing loss which may present differently in paediatric patients. The fluctuating nature of the hearing loss and the inherent challenges of audiological assessment of children can make this disease difficult to diagnose and treat. We present our experience of diagnosis and management of AIED in children in this case series.

Study design:
This is a retrospective case series review of paediatric AIED patients. Diagnosis was made through clinical presentation, audiometric evaluation, and serological testing. Patients were treated with corticosteroids and/or methotrexate. An improvement in pure tone averages (PTA) or speech reception threshold (SRT) of 10dB or greater was considered a clinically significant improvement.

Results:
The clinical history of four patients is presented. We observed significant differences in disease presentation and progression in these patients. Patients were largely responsive to steroid therapy in patients with both primary AIED and secondary AIED.

Conclusion:
Children with AIED fall into primary and secondary disease classifications; however, the disease presentation may be vastly different. These patients seem to benefit from corticosteroid and methotrexate therapy. Close collaboration between otolaryngologists and paediatric rheumatologists can result in timely diagnosis and treatment.
Telemetry changes over time in cochlear implant patients
Authors: Maged El Shennawy Amira , Magued Mashaly Mohamed , Ibrahim Shabana Mohamed , Mohamed Sheta Sarah 
Published: January 2015

Objectives:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted on cochlear implant recipients, to monitor changes in recorded impedance telemetry and evoked compound action potentials (ECAP) measured during surgery versus the same measures at post implant follow-up visits. An additional aim was to correlate the recorded ECAP measures with the patient's post-operative performance and to evaluate the incidence of abnormal intra-operative cochlear implant telemetry measurements and their changes at device activation.

Study design:
The present study comprised 44 subjects – 12 adults and 32 children of both genders – implanted at the Cochlear Implant Unit, Cairo University. ECAP thresholds and electrode impedance measures were collected intra-operatively, at initial stimulation, and at 9–12 months post initial stimulation. Measurements were compared at the three intervals and ECAP measures were correlated to the patient's post-operative performance in the form of aided sound field thresholds, speech detection and discrimination for adults and language assessment for children.

Results:
In the absence of electrical stimulation, there was an increase of impedance on all electrodes at the initial stimulation visit, which decreased at the 9–12 months follow-up. Open circuit findings were more prevalent than short circuits. Children had higher impedance values at post implant activation compared to adult patients. No correlation existed between ECAP thresholds and post-operative patient performance at the one-year evaluation.

Conclusion:
At the time of surgery, telemetry provides valuable information regarding the electrical output of the implant and the response of the auditory system to electrical stimulation; however, it is not a valuable predictor of post-operative performance.
L'art de faire attention à la marche : le défi éthique d'un conseiller
Authors: Monin Sylvie 
Published: January 2015

Cet article propose une discussion, selon une perspective de conseil, à partir de l’article « Faire attention à la marche : considérations éthiques sur l’engagement thérapeutique » de Sue Eusden (2014). L’auteur commente les différents niveaux et limites auxquels les conseillers doivent faire attention à la marche, la nécessité de prendre des risques et comment l’art de faire attention à la marche constitue une mise en acte éthique.
La nature et la nécessité du risque : faire attention à la marche en éducation
Authors: Newton Trudi 
Published: January 2015

Cette réponse à l’article de Sue Eusden (2015) « Faire attention à la marche : considérations éthiques sur l’engagement thérapeutique » s’intéresse à l’éthique et aux contrats en éducation et en apprentissage, aux conséquences d’une approche relationnelle, ainsi qu’à ses risques potentiels et aux résultats créatifs.
The Hip-Spine Connection: Understanding Its Importance in the Treatment of Hip Pathology
Authors: Redmond John M. , Gupta Asheesh , Nasser Rima , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: January 2015

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.
Discuss the kinematic relationship between the hip and lumbar spine.

2.
Explain the innervation of the hip and lumbar spine and how they relate to one another.

3.
Recognize the effect of hip disease on the lumbar spine in an athletic population, prior to the onset of degenerative changes.

4.
Describe an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of patients who present with concomitant hip and lumbar spine pain.

The hip and lumbar spine are closely related and can create similar patterns of pain and dysfunction. Diagnosis and treatment of hip and spine–related conditions can be challenging due to symptom overlap. Successful evaluation and treatment of hip and lumbar spine conditions requires a thorough understanding the hip-spine connection. Historically the hip-spine connection has been considered in the context of arthrosis; however, the hip-spine connection also needs to be considered in a younger athletic population. The purpose of this review is to describe the hip-spine connection, discuss the clinical implications of this connection, and offer an approach to diagnosis and treatment. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(1):49–55.]
Neutrophil IL-1β Processing Induced by Pneumolysin Is Mediated by the NLRP3/ASC Inflammasome and Caspase-1 Activation and Is Dependent on K+ Efflux
Authors: Karmakar Mausita , Katsnelson Michael , Malak Hesham A. , Greene Neil G. , Howell Scott J. , Hise Amy G. , Camilli Andrew , Kadioglu Aras , Dubyak George R. , Pearlman Eric 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Although neutrophils are the most abundant cells in acute infection and inflammation, relatively little attention has been paid to their role in inflammasome formation and IL-1β processing. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which neutrophils process IL-1β in response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Using a murine model of S. pneumoniae corneal infection, we demonstrated a requirement for IL-1β in bacterial clearance, and we showed that Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1 are essential for IL-1β production and bacterial killing in the cornea. Neutrophils in infected corneas had multiple specks with enzymatically active caspase-1 (YVAD-FLICA 660), and bone marrow neutrophils stimulated with heat-killed S. pneumoniae (signal 1) and pneumolysin (signal 2) exhibited multiple specks when stained for NLRP3, ASC, or Caspase-1. High–molecular mass ASC complexes were also detected, consistent with oligomer formation. Pneumolysin induced K+ efflux in neutrophils, and blocking K+ efflux inhibited caspase-1 activation and IL-1β processing; however, neutrophils did not undergo pyroptosis, indicating that K+ efflux and IL-1β processing is not a consequence of cell death. There was also no role for lysosomal destabilization or neutrophil elastase in pneumolysin-mediated IL-1β processing in neutrophils. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an essential role for neutrophil-derived IL-1β in S. pneumoniae infection, and they elucidate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cleavage and secretion of IL-1β in neutrophils. Given the ubiquitous presence of neutrophils in acute bacterial and fungal infections, these findings will have implications for other microbial diseases.
Positive Feedback Regulation of Type I IFN Production by the IFN-Inducible DNA Sensor cGAS
Authors: Ma Feng , Li Bing , Liu Su-yang , Iyer Shankar S. , Yu Yongxin , Wu Aiping , Cheng Genhong 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Rapid and robust induction of type I IFN (IFN-I) is a critical event in host antiviral innate immune response. It has been well demonstrated that cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) plays an important role in sensing cytosolic DNA and triggering STING dependent signaling to induce IFN-I. However, it is largely unknown how cGAS itself is regulated during pathogen infection and IFN-I production. In this study, we show that pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands, including lipid A, LPS, poly(I:C), poly(dA:dT), and cGAMP, induce cGAS expression in an IFN-I–dependent manner in both mouse and human macrophages. Further experiments indicated that cGAS is an IFN-stimulated gene (ISG), and two adjacent IFN-sensitive response elements (ISREs) in the promoter region of cGAS mediate the induction of cGAS by IFN-I. Additionally, we show that optimal production of IFN-β triggered by poly (dA:dT) or HSV-1 requires IFNAR signaling. Knockdown of the constitutively expressed DNA sensor DDX41 attenuates poly(dA:dT)-triggered IFN-β production and cGAS induction. By analyzing the dynamic expression of poly(dA:dT)-induced IFN-β and cGAS transcripts, we have found that induction of IFN-β is earlier than cGAS. Furthermore, we have provided evidence that induction of cGAS by IFN-I meditates the subsequent positive feedback regulation of DNA-triggered IFN-I production. Thus, our study not only provides a novel mechanism of modulating cGAS expression, but also adds another layer of regulation in DNA-triggered IFN-I production by induction of cGAS.
Injury and Illness Epidemiology at a Summer Sport-Camp Program, 2008 Through 2011
Authors: Oller Daria M. , Buckley W. E. , Sebastianelli Wayne J. , Vairo Giampietro L. 
Published: January 2015

Context:University-sponsored summer sport camps often employ athletic trainers; however, there is a dearth of epidemiologic studies describing the injury and illness experience of sport-camp participants to guide clinicians.Objective:To describe the injury and illness experience of youth participants at a university-sponsored summer sport-camp program during a 4-year period.Design:Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting:A National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university that sponsored 76 to 81 camps for 28 sports each summer.Patients or Other Participants:A total of 44 499 camp participants enrolled during the 4 years. Male and female participants ranged in age from 10 to 17 years and in athletic skill from novice to elite.Main Outcome Measure(s):Data from handwritten injury and illness log books, maintained by sports health care personnel, were accessed retrospectively, entered into an electronic spreadsheet, and coded. Data were applied to the National Athletic Injury/Illness Reporting System. Participant−personnel contacts, defined as any instance when a participant sought health care services from personnel, were calculated per 100 participants. Injury and illness rates were calculated per 10 000 exposures, measured in participant-days. The distribution of injury and illness conditions and affected body regions were calculated.Results:There were 11 735 contacts, for an overall rate of 26 per 100 participants, and 4949 injuries and illnesses, for a rate of 1 per 10 000 participant-days. Participants at single-sex camps were less likely to sustain injuries and illnesses than participants at coeducational camps (rate ratio [RR] = 0.49; 95% confidence interval = 0.45, 0. 35; P &lt; .001, and RR = 0.47; 95% confidence interval = 0.43, 0.51; P &lt; .001, respectively). The lower extremity was injured most frequently (27.9%). Most injury and illness conditions were dermatologic (37.1%).Conclusions:The contact and injury and illness differences observed among sports and between sexes demonstrated potential differences in the sports health care needs of camp participants. These data can be used to make evidence-based clinical decisions, such as determining injury-prevention strategies and sports health care staffing needs.
Comparative study of ProEx C immunocytochemistry and UroVysion fluorescent in-situ hybridization assays on urine cytology specimens
Authors: Chang Sue , Smith Elaine , Levin Mary , Rao Jian-Yu , Moatamed Neda A. 
Published: January 2015

Background:
Detection of urothelial carcinoma (UC) by urine cytology can be challenging. Recently, ProEx C has been studied as a marker to improve detection of UC. ProEx C is an assay targeting expression of topoisomerase IIa and minichromosome maintenance protein-2 and is currently utilized to assist in diagnoses of the gynecological specimens. In this study, we compared the utility of ProEx C and UroVysion in urine specimens.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-seven urine specimens with UroVysion assay analysis and surgical biopsy follow-up were selected. The smears were stained with ProEx C. ProEx C and UroVysion assay results were separated into two categories based on surgical biopsy follow-up (benign or neoplastic). Surgical biopsy diagnoses were used as the gold standard for comparative evaluation of the two assays. The surgical follow-up was 9 benign, 2 low grade, and 16 high grade UCs.

Results:
The sensitivity was 88.9% for ProEx C and 55.6% for UroVysion, while the specificity was 77.8% for ProEx C and 44.4% for UroVysion. Positive predictive value was 88.9% for ProEx C and 66.7% for UroVysion. Negative predictive value was 77.8% and 33.3% for ProEx C and UroVysion, respectively. Using the two-tailed paired t-test, P value of 0.033 was obtained when ProEx C stain was compared with the UroVysion assay.

Conclusion:
ProEx C immunocytochemistry has a more favorable performance than fluorescent in-situ hybridization with a significant difference between the two assays using paired two-tail t-test (P = 0.0033).