bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Pressure X-ray Studies of Lipid Membranes and Lipid Phase Transitions
Authors: Brooks Nicholas J. , Seddon John M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Hydrostatic pressure has dramatic effects on biomembrane structure and
stability and is a key thermodynamic parameter in the context of the
biology of deep sea organisms. Furthermore, high-pressure and
pressure-jump studies are very useful tools in biophysics and
biotechnology, where they can be used to study the mechanism and
kinetics of lipid phase transitions, biomolecular transformations, and
protein folding/unfolding. Here, we first give an overview of the
technology currently available for X-ray scattering studies of soft
matter systems under pressure. We then illustrate the use of this
technology to study a variety of lipid membrane systems.
Two-Dimensional Arrays of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Microspheres:
Formation, Characterization and Application
Authors: Pacholski Claudia 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In the present short review, loosely packed two-dimensional arrays of
hydrogel colloids with quasi-hexagonal order, which are fabricated by
self-assembly on solid substrates, are discussed. For this purpose the
most prominent hydrogel microgel, composed of
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), is considered. Its extraordinary
properties dictate not only the formation of loosely packed 2D
colloidal crystals but also pave the road to various applications
ranging from optical devices to cell culture substrates.
Deletion of the von Hippel–Lindau gene causes sympathoadrenal cell death and impairs chemoreceptor‐mediated adaptation to hypoxia
Authors: Macías David , Fernández‐Agüera Mary Carmen , Bonilla‐Henao Victoria , López‐Barneo José 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMutations of the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) gene are associated with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, but the role of VHL in sympathoadrenal homeostasis is unknown. We generated mice lacking Vhl in catecholaminergic cells. They exhibited atrophy of the carotid body (CB), adrenal medulla, and sympathetic ganglia. Vhl‐null animals had an increased number of adult CB stem cells, although the survival of newly generated neuron‐like glomus cells was severely compromised. The effects of Vhl deficiency were neither prevented by pharmacological inhibition of prolyl hydroxylases or selective genetic down‐regulation of prolyl hydroxylase‐3, nor phenocopied by hypoxia inducible factor overexpression. Vhl‐deficient animals appeared normal in normoxia but survived for only a few days in hypoxia, presenting with pronounced erythrocytosis, pulmonary edema, and right cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, in the normal sympathoadrenal setting, Vhl deletion does not give rise to tumors but impairs development and plasticity of the peripheral O2‐sensing system required for survival in hypoxic conditions.
Preventing Hospitalizations in Children With Medical Complexity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Coller Ryan J. , Nelson Bergen B. , Sklansky Daniel J. , Saenz Adrianna A. , Klitzner Thomas S. , Lerner Carlos F. , Chung Paul J. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Children with medical complexity (CMC) account for disproportionately high hospital use, and it is unknown if hospitalizations may be prevented. Our objective was to summarize evidence from (1) studies characterizing potentially preventable hospitalizations in CMC and (2) interventions aiming to reduce such hospitalizations.METHODS:Our data sources include Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases from their originations, and hand search of article bibliographies. Observational studies (n = 13) characterized potentially preventable hospitalizations, and experimental studies (n = 4) evaluated the efficacy of interventions to reduce them. Data were extracted on patient and family characteristics, medical complexity and preventable hospitalization indicators, hospitalization rates, costs, and days. Results of interventions were summarized by their effect on changes in hospital use.RESULTS:Preventable hospitalizations were measured in 3 ways: ambulatory care sensitive conditions, readmissions, or investigator-defined criteria. Postsurgical patients, those with neurologic disorders, and those with medical devices had higher preventable hospitalization rates, as did those with public insurance and nonwhite race/ethnicity. Passive smoke exposure, nonadherence to medications, and lack of follow-up after discharge were additional risks. Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions were less common in more complex patients. Patients receiving home visits, care coordination, chronic care-management, and continuity across settings had fewer preventable hospitalizations.Conclusions:There were a limited number of published studies. Measures for CMC and preventable hospitalizations were heterogeneous. Risk of bias was moderate due primarily to limited controlled experimental designs. Reductions in hospital use among CMC might be possible. Strategies should target primary drivers of preventable hospitalizations.
Método de Custeio UEP: Uma Proposta para uma Agroindústria Avícola
Authors: Milanese Silvana , Salazar Marcelo Crispim , Cittadin Andréia , Ritta Cleyton de Oliveira 
Published: November 2014

O objetivo geral deste trabalho é elaborar uma proposta de implantação do método de custeio Unidade de Esforço de Produção (UEP) para uma agroindústria avícola. Para tanto, realiza-se uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem do problema de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, por meio de um estudo de caso. Os resultados apontam que: a) a empresa possui um processo produtivo diferente, pois seus produtos finais são procedentes da desmontagem de uma única matéria-prima, o frango; b) os custos de transformação são significativos, com destaque para os postos operativos PO25, PO27 e PO13; c) pelo método UEP, os produtos Filé de Peito de Frango e Peito de Frango com Osso atingem uma lucratividade de 34,43% e 25,60%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o método UEP identifica os custos de transformação e ainda gera informações que dão suporte para melhorias nos processos produtivos.
Long-term evaluation of Class II subdivision treatment with unilateral maxillary first molar extraction
Authors: Livas Christos , Pandis Nikolaos , Booij Johan Willem , Katsaros Christos , Ren Yijin 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the long-term effects of asymmetrical maxillary first molar (M1) extraction in Class II subdivision treatment.

Materials and Methods:
Records of 20 Class II subdivision whites (7 boys, 13 girls; mean age, 13.0 years; SD, 1.7 years) consecutively treated with the Begg technique and M1 extraction, and 15 untreated asymmetrical Class II adolescents (4 boys, 11 girls; mean age, 12.2 years; SD, 1.3 years) were examined in this study. Cephalometric analysis and PAR assessment were carried out before treatment (T1), after treatment (T2), and on average 2.5 years posttreatment (T3) for the treatment group, and at similar time points and average follow-up of 1.8 years for the controls.

Results:
The adjusted analysis indicated that the maxillary incisors were 2.3 mm more retracted in relation to A-Pog between T1 and T3 (β  =  2.31; 95% CI; 0.76, 3.87), whereas the mandibular incisors were 1.3 mm more protracted (β  =  1.34; 95% CI; 0.09, 2.59), and 5.9° more proclined to the mandibular plane (β  =  5.92; 95% CI; 1.43, 10.41) compared with controls. The lower lip appeared 1.4 mm more protrusive relative to the subnasale-soft tissue-Pog line throughout the observation period in the treated adolescents (β  =  1.43; 95% CI; 0.18, 2.67). There was a significant PAR score reduction over the entire follow-up period in the molar extraction group (β  =  −6.73; 95% CI; −10.7, −2.7). At T2, 65% of the subjects had maxillary midlines perfectly aligned with the face.

Conclusions:
Unilateral M1 extraction in asymmetrical Class II cases may lead to favorable occlusal outcomes in the long term without harming the midline esthetics and soft tissue profile.
Influence of Molybdenum Addition on Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon HSLA-100 Steel
Authors: Bogucki R. , Pytel S.M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The results of mechanical properties and microstructure observation of low carbon copper bearing steel with high addition of molybdenum are presented in this paper. This steels were characterized by contents of molybdenum in the range from 1% to 3% wt. After the thermo -mechanical processing the steels were subsequently quenched and tempered at different temperatures (500-800 °C) for 1h. The changes of mechanical properties as function of tempering temperature were typical for the steel with the copper addition. The sudden drop of impact resistance after tempering from 575 °C to 600 °C was caused probably by precipitates of Laves phase of type Fe2Mo.
Analysis of the Covered Electrode Welding Process Stability on the Basis of Linear Regression Equation
Authors: Słania J. , Ślązak B. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The article presents the process of production of coated electrodes and their welding properties. The factors concerning the welding properties and the currently applied method of assessing are given. The methodology of the testing based on the measuring and recording of instantaneous values of welding current and welding arc voltage is discussed. Algorithm for creation of reference data base of the expert system is shown, aiding the assessment of covered electrodes welding properties. The stability of voltage–current characteristics was discussed. Statistical factors of instantaneous values of welding current and welding arc voltage waveforms used for determining of welding process stability are presented. The results of coated electrodes welding properties are compared. The article presents the results of linear regression as well as the impact of the independent variables on the welding process performance. Finally the conclusions drawn from the research are given.
Physical Modelling of the Plastic Working Processes of Zirconium Alloy Bars and Tubes in Thermomechanical Conditions
Authors: Kawałek A. , Dyja H. , Gałkin A.M. , Ozhmegov K.V. , Sawicki S. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The article presents results of physical modelling of processes of plastic working of the modified Zr-1%Nb zirconium alloy, obtained using different methods of the plastometric testing. The „Gleeble 3800‚ metallurgical process simulator, a DIL805 A/D dilatometer with a plastometric attachment, and a „Setaram‚ plastometer were used for testing. Based on the obtained testing results, the values of the yield stress and limiting plasticity of the tested alloy were determined for wide ranges of temperature variation (?=20÷950 °?) and strain rate variation (=0.1÷15.0 s-1) under continuous loading conditions. It was found that by using different testing methods, different alloy properties, characteristic for a given plastic working process, could be obtained.
Sintered Fe-Ni-Cu-Sn-C Alloys Made of Ball-Milled Powders
Authors: Romański A. , Tokarski T. , Tyrała D. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The main objective of this paper was to perform sinterability studies of ball-milled Fe-12%Ni-6.4%Cu-1.6%Sn-0.6%C powders. A mixture of precisely weighed amounts of elemental iron, nickel and graphite, and pre-alloyed 80/20 bronze powders was ball-milled for 8, 30 and 120 hours. After cold-pressing at 400 MPa the specimens were sintered at 900oC for 30 minutes in a reducing atmosphere and subsequently tested for density and hardness as well as subjected to structural studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.
The obtained results showed that only the powder ball-milled for 120 hours yielded a near pore-free material after consolidation by cold pressing and pressureless sintering at 900°C. Assuch, it could have a potential to be used in production of diamond-impregnated wire saw beads.
Microstructure of Welded Joints of X5CrNiCuNb16-4 (17-4 PH) Martensitic Stainlees Steel After Heat Treatment
Authors: Ziewiec A. , ZieliŃska-Lipiec A. , Tasak E. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The paper presents rezults of microstructure (LM, TEM) investigation and hardness measurments of welded joints in martensitic precipitation hardened stainless steel containing copper, subjected to heat treatment. For the aging temperature up to 540 °C even for the very long times, the microstructure of the welded joints is similar to this one at lower temerature aging. After aging at 620 °C a distinct change of the microstructure was observed. Non-equilibrium solidification conditions of the weld metal, segregation and the diffusion of copper and the elements stablilizing the austenite cause the occurrence of the reverse transformation of the martensite into austenite as fast as just 1 hour at 620 °C. TEM investigations revealed the differences in dispersion of hardening copper precipitates after aging at temperature 620 °C for 1 and 4 hours.
Microstructural Changes in a High-Manganese Austenitic Fe-Mn-Al-C Steel
Authors: Witkowska M. , Zielińska-Lipiec A. , Kowalska J. , Ratuszek W. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Microstructural changes in the age-hardenable Fe-28wt.%Mn-9wt.%Al-1wt.%C steel during ageing at 550°C for various times have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The steel was produced in an induction furnace and the ingot, after homogenization at 1150°C for 3 hours under a protective argon atmosphere, was hot-rolled and subsequently cold-rolled up to 23% reduction. The sheet was then aged at 550°C for various times in an argon atmosphere and cooled in air. XRD analysis and TEM observations revealed a modulated structure and superlattice reflections produced by spinodal decomposition, which occurred during ageing at 550°C. Theexistence of satellites suggests that either (Fe, Mn)3AlCx carbides were formed within the austenite matrix by spinodal decomposition during cooling or chemical fluctuactions occurred between the (Fe, Mn)3AlCx carbides and the austenitic matrix.
Mathematical Model of the Processoof Pearlite Austenitization
Authors: Olejarczyk-Wożeńska I. , Adrian H. , Mrzygłód B. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The paper presents a mathematical model of the pearlite - austenite transformation. The description of this process uses the diffusion mechanism which takes place between the plates of ferrite and cementite (pearlite) as well as austenite. The process of austenite growth was described by means of a system of differential equations solved with the use of the finite difference method. The developed model was implemented in the environment of Delphi 4. The proprietary program allows for the calculation of the rate and time of the transformation at an assumed temperature as well as to determine the TTT diagram for the assigned temperature range.
Influence of Technological Parameters of Furane Mixtures on Shrinkage Creation in Ductile Cast Iron Castings
Authors: Vasková I. , Hrubovčáková M. , Malik J. , Eperješi Š. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Ductile cast iron (GS) has noticed great development in last decades and its boom has no analogue in history humankind. Ductile iron has broaden the use of castings from cast iron into areas, which where exclusively domains for steel castings. Mainly by castings, which weight is very high, is the propensity to shrinkage creation even higher. Shrinkage creation influences mainly material, construction of casting, gating system and mould. Therefore, the main realized experiment was to ascertain the influence of technological parameters of furane mixture on shrinkage creation in castings from ductile iron. Together was poured 12 testing items in 3 moulds forto determine and compare the impact of various technological parameters forms the propensity for shrinkage in the casting of LGG.
The Behavior of Bentonite Binders for the Elevated and High Temperatures
Authors: Jelínek P. , Dobosz St.M. , Beňo J. , Major-Gabryś K. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Bentonite binders rank among the most widespread applied systems for the production of molds. Their resistance to high temperatures (thermal stability) is mainly defined by genesis of binders, chemical composition and the content of Montmorillonite. The aim of this contribution is to compare selected bentonite binders commonly used in the foundries of the Central European region, in different ways of the thermostability determination as a result of changes of the mechanical strengths of the bentonite bonded sand mixture.
Gas Atmosphere Formed in Casting by Full Mold Process
Authors: Mocek J. , Chojecki A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A test mold was designed to investigate the full mold process. Pressure changes in a gap developing between the pattern made of foamed polystyrene and the raising column of liquid alloy were determined. Studies were conducted pouring molds with cast iron and with AK11 silumin. It was found that pressure is significantly higher in the case of cast iron, due to a higher rate of pattern decomposition and more advanced dissociation of hydrocarbons. The increase in pressure was observed to have no significant effect on changes in the pouring rate as it was compensated by higher metallostatic pressure. The increase of pressure occurs immediately after the start of pouring, it reaches a maximum and then stabilizes or decreases smoothly as a result of the drop in metallostatic pressure. The temperature of pouring has a significant effect on the decomposition rate of hydrocarbons evolving from the metal. During pouring of cast iron, the presence of hydrogen was revealed. It was particularly evident across the gas-permeable coating, where the concentration has exceeded 40%. Hydrogen precipitation was accompanied by an evolution on the casting surface of considerable amounts of pyrolytic carbon. It was found that gases forming in the gap were totally free from oxygen.
Effect of Technological Parameters on the Quality and Dimensional Accuracy of Castings Manufactured by Patternless Process Technology
Authors: Krivoš E. , Pastirčák R. , Madaj R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Submitted article deals with the effect of selected technological parameters on the quality and dimensional accuracy of prototype castings made by Patternless process technology. During experiments were used two types of molding compounds (foamed gypsum and compound based on silica sand and resin). Experiments were focused on optimization of cutting parameters in terms of efficiency, accuracy and possibilities to minimize tool wear. Article deals also with the dimensional and shape accuracy of the castings made by Z-Cast technology. The main aim of the research is to optimize Patternless process technology to such an extent, that achieved dimensional and shape accuracy will be comparable to castings made by the Z-Cast technology.
Initial Assessment of Abrasive Wear Resistance of Austempered Cast Iron with Vermicular Graphite
Authors: Soiński M. S. , Jakubus A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The work compares the abrasive wear resistance of cast iron containing vermicular graphite, measured in the as-cast state and after austempering carried out at 290°C, 340°C, or 390°C. Theexaminations were performed by means of the T-01M tribological tester using the pin-on-disc configuration. Specimens used for examinations were taken from the end tabs of the tensile specimens, these being cut out of the test walls of the double-leg keel block test castings. Examinations proved that the austempering process increases the abrasive wear resistance of vermicular cast iron by several times as compared with the as-cast material. A tendency for a slight decrease in abrasive wear with an increase in austempering temperature can be stated. The coefficient of friction took a little higher values for cast iron after thermal treatment than for the as-cast material. The work was completed with roughness examination by means of electron scanning microscopy.
Microstructure and Microsegregation of an Inconel 625 Weld Overlay Produced on Steel Pipes by the Cold Metal Transfer Technique
Authors: Rozmus-Górnikowska M. , Cieniek Ł. , Blicharski M. , Kusiński J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the development of microstructure and variations in chemical composition in commercial Inconel 625 coatings on a ferritic-pearlitic steel overlaid by the CMT method.The investigation showed that microsegregation occurring during the weld overlay solidification makes the dendrite cores to be richer in Ni, Fe and Cr and in the between dendrite arms in Mo and Nb. Niobium shows the strongest tendency to segregation during solidification; molybdenum tends to segregate less and chromium has the lowest tendency to segregation. Although Inconel 625 is a solid solution strengthened alloy, Nb and Mo-rich phases are formed in the between dendrite arms of weld overlays.
The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Properties of Zirconium - Carbon Steel Bimetal Produced By Explosion Welding
Authors: Prażmowski M. , Paul H. , Żok F. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper assesses the effect of various values of detonation velocity on the quality of the bond zone, and thus the properties of bimetal zirconium (Zr 700) - steel (P355NL). The research was carried out for as-bonded welds, i.e. immediately following explosion welding. The results of shearing, peeling and tensile tests as well as macro-scale structural analyses were presented. In order to determine the changes in the value of strain hardening, the microhardness measurements across the interface were carried out. Based on the performed analyses it can be claimed that, depending on the applied technological settings of welding, most cases displayed wavy bond with highly diversified parameters of the wave. The changes observed with the detonation velocity are non-monotonic. High detonation velocities favored the formation of waves with large height and length and strongly affect the increase of the volume of brittle melted zones. Increased volume of the melted regions results in strong decrease of strength properties of the clad. The analysis of strength test results allows claiming that a small volume of melted regions in the bond considerably improves the strength of the bond.As a result of explosion welding, strain hardening of the joined materials occurs near the interface. In the case of clad fabricated using high technological parameters the increase of strengthening and the depth of its influence in the interface area is observed.
Improper Interpretation of Dilatometric Data for Cooling Transformation in Steels
Authors: Pawłowski B. , Bała P. , Dziurka R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Dilatometry is the most commonly method of producing CCT diagrams and analyzing phase transformations during cooling (as well as transformations during heating) and it permits the real-time monitoring of the extent of reaction in terms of dimensional changes due to phase transformation. All modern dilatometers are fitted with computerised systems which collect dimensional change signals versus temperature to plot a dilatometric curve and also to calculate and plot the derivative of the relative dimensional change with respect to temperature. Unfortunately, elaborated by dilatometers manufacturers software, in many cases could lead to wrong interpretation of phase transformations during cooling.