bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELLIPTIC EXTENSIONS IN THE DISK WITH OPERATORS IN DIVERGENCE FORM
Authors: ARENA ORAZIO , GIANNOTTI CRISTINA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLet $\varphi _0$ and $\varphi _1$ be regular functions on the boundary $\partial D$ of the unit disk $D$ in $\mathbb {R}^2$, such that $\int _{0}^{2\pi }\varphi _1\,d\theta =0$ and $\int _{0}^{2\pi }\sin \theta (\varphi _1-\varphi _0)\,d\theta =0$. It is proved that there exist a linear second-order uniformly elliptic operator $L$ in divergence form with bounded measurable coefficients and a function $u$ in $W^{1,p}(D)$, $1 \lt p \lt 2$, such that $Lu=0$ in $D$ and with $u|_{\partial D}= \varphi _0$ and the conormal derivative $\partial u/\partial N|_{\partial D}=\varphi _1$.
The Civic World of International Communism: Taiwanese communists and the Comintern (1921–1931)
Authors: BELOGUROVA ANNA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe short history of the Taiwanese Communist Party (Taiwan gongchandang台 灣 共 產 黨) (1928–1931) offers a window into the negotiative polity of international communism during the Third Period (1928–1934). The Party was established during the time when the Comintern intensified its operations in colonies and promoted the organization of communist parties there. Its demise was the result of government suppression that occurred as a reaction to their increased public activity in 1931, allegedly at the direction of the Comintern. This paper examines the Comintern's role in the Taiwanese communist movement and shows that the Taiwanese communists were active agents (rather than passive tools) in their relationship with the Comintern.
Similarities among ectoparasite fauna of sigmodontine rodents: phylogenetic and geographical influences
Authors: CRUZ LEONARDO DOMINICI , FERNANDES FERNANDA RODRIGUES , LINHARES ARÍCIO XAVIER 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYPhylogenetic and geographical overlaps in host distributions influence the compositional similarity of ectoparasite fauna in a host–parasite system. In these systems, hosts that are more closely related (phylogenetically) are expected to share more parasitic species than more distantly related hosts. Similarly, hosts sharing a larger geographical distribution overlap are expected to have similar ectoparasites. This study investigated the influence of phylogeny (divergence time) and geographical overlap of some neotropical sigmodontine rodent species on the similarities among their ectoparasite fauna (Mesostigmata and Siphonaptera), using a partial Mantel test. Divergence time was the only significant factor that influenced the similarity among the ectoparasites, when mites and fleas were analysed together. Host species that had diverged more recently displayed ectoparasite fauna that were similar. The similarities of the flea species showed similar results in both separate and joint analyses, but neither phylogenetic nor geographical overlap influenced the similarity in mite species. Fleas were shown to be more host-specific than were mesostigmate mites, probably because of the increased influence of host phylogeny.
Vulnerability to psychotogenic effects of ketamine is associated with elevated D2/3-receptor availability
Authors: Vernaleken Ingo , Klomp Majken , Moeller Olaf , Raptis Mardjan , Nagels Arne , Rösch Frank , Schaefer Wolfgang M. , Cumming Paul , Gründer Gerhard 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies employing competition paradigms have shown either no change or substantial declines in striatal [11C]-raclopride binding after challenge with psychotogenic doses of the N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist ketamine. We sought to probe the relationship between the severity of ketamine-induced psychotic symptoms and altered dopamine D2/3 receptor availability throughout brain using the high affinity ligand [18F]-fallypride (FP). PET recordings were obtained in a group of 10 healthy, young male volunteers, in a placebo condition, and in the course of an infusion with ketamine at a psychotomimetic dose. Administration of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Thought and Language Index in both conditions revealed a substantial emergence of mainly negative symptoms of schizophrenia, persisting until the end of the 3 h PET recordings. The baseline FP binding in cortex, caudate nucleus and other brain regions was highly predictive of the individual severity of psychotic symptoms in the ketamine condition. However, there was no evidence of ketamine-evoked reductions in FP binding. In the context of earlier findings, we speculate that high baseline D2/3-receptor availability may impart benefits with regard to cognitive flexibility, but increases the risk of maladaptive information processing in the face of environmental stresses and challenges.
The role of power and magnetic connection to the active antenna in the suppression of intermittent structures by ion cyclotron resonance heating
Authors: Antar G.Y. , Goniche M. , Ekedahl A. , Colas L. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The effect of the ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) on the scrape-off layer (SOL) is still an open issue, where, lately it was shown on the ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak that turbulence large-scale structures, known as blobs or avaloids, are suppressed by ICRH (Antar et al 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett.
105 165001). Furthermore, it was shown that the edge localized mode-induced turbulent transport is also reduced significantly. However, the reasons behind this interaction remain unknown. On the Tore Supra tokamak, we confirm that the ICRH suppresses large-scale structures while small-scale structures are enhanced; overall, the turbulence level of fluctuations is reported to drop from about 40% to 25%. This confirms that the effects on turbulence are independent of the type of plasma confinement, L-mode on Tore Supra versus H-mode on ASDEX-Upgrade. The dependence on the ICRH power showed that if a threshold existed it would be below 500 kW and that above this power, no additional effects on the SOL turbulence are reported. The other study reported in this paper deals with the importance of the magnetic field line connections or, in other words, whether the interaction between ICRH and turbulence is global, affecting the whole plasma, or local, affecting regions that are magnetically connected to the active antenna. We found that the toroidal connection to the active antenna is not critical in the sense that turbulence in regions close to the antenna but not necessarily connected are affected. For regions that are not connected and far from the active antenna, turbulence does not change much when applying ICRH.
Outer divertor of ASDEX Upgrade in low-density L-mode discharges in forward and reversed magnetic field: II. Analysis of local impurity migration
Authors: Aho-Mantila L. , Wischmeier M. , Krieger K. , Rohde V. , Hakola A. , Potzel S. , Kirschner A. , Borodin D. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Part I (Aho-Mantila L. et al 2012 Nucl. Fusion

52 103006) presented a detailed analysis of outer divertor plasma conditions in low-density L-mode discharges in ASDEX Upgrade. In this paper, we analyse the local migration of carbon that originates from 13CH4 injected into these plasmas from the vertical outer target. Notable changes are observed in the local carbon deposition patterns when reversing the magnetic field in the experiments. Kinetic impurity-following simulations are performed using the 3D ERO code package with 2D background plasma solutions calculated with the SOLPS5.0 code package. The modelling shows that the measured changes are due to the changes in plasma collisionality, dissociation and ionization rates, and
E
×
B
drift of the impurities. These conditions affect the direction and rate of impurity migration inside and out of the divertor, having wider consequences on the global migration of impurities in a divertor tokamak. It is further shown that the migration pathways are largely determined by carbon ions and, hence, relevant for impurities in general. Neutral carbon and hydrocarbons are deposited only in the near vicinity of the injection, where they affect the local re-deposition efficiency. In this limited region, a perturbation of the local plasma conditions by the methane puff appears likely, yielding a significant uncertainty for interpreting the deposition efficiencies. The local deposition is largely influenced by the magnetic presheath electric field, the structure of which is the main uncertainty in the SOLPS5.0-ERO simulations.
Urinary incontinence and diarrhoea associated with the switch from oral to injectable risperidone
Authors: Rosa Enrica Di , Caldirola Daniela , Motta Achille , Perna Giampaolo 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveUrgency, urinary incontinence and bowel disturbances are distressing side effects that have been observed during treatment with risperidone and other antipsychotics probably due to the receptor affinity profile. This occurrence can lead to poor compliance and therefore impair clinical outcome.MethodWe report the case of a 50 year‐old lady, who experienced urinary incontinence and diarrhoea, when switching from oral to injectable risperidone, which ceased when discontinuing the drug.Results and conclusionsIt should be taken into account that some side effects can be revealed when switching from oral to depot formulations due to non‐compliance to orals; nevertheless dose‐dependent mechanisms and individual metabolic variability must be considered when observing idiosyncratic reactions to drugs.
Clinical and sociodemographic comparison of people at high‐risk for psychosis and with first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Zimbrón J. , Ruiz de Azúa S. , Khandaker G. M. , Gandamaneni P. K. , Crane C. M. , González‐Pinto A. , Stochl J. , Jones P. B. , Pérez J. 
Published: August 2012

Zimbrón J, Ruiz de Azúa S, Khandaker GM, Gandamaneni PK, Crane CM, González‐Pinto A, Stochl J, Jones PB, Pérez J. Clinical and sociodemographic comparison of people at high‐risk for psychosis and with first‐episode psychosis.Objective:  To compare clinical and sociodemographic characteristics previously associated with psychosis, between individuals at high‐risk for psychosis (HR) and patients experiencing a first episode psychosis (FEP), to achieve a better understanding of factors associated with psychosis.Method:  Cross‐sectional comparison of 30 individuals at HR with 30 age‐gender matched FEP, presenting to an early intervention service for psychosis. Participants were followed‐up for 2 years to establish the proportion of HR who made the transition into FEP.Results:  Both groups showed similar socio‐clinical characteristics, including immigration status, employment history, marital status, family history of psychotic illness, self‐harm and alcohol and drug use. The HR group had a lower level of education, higher burden of trauma, earlier onset of psychiatric symptoms and a longer delay in accessing specialised services. A younger onset of symptoms was associated with a longer delay in accessing services in both groups. After a 2 year follow‐up, only three (10%) of the HR group made a transition into FEP.Conclusion:  The similarities observed between individuals at HR and those with FEP suggest that known variables associated with psychosis may be equally prevalent in people at HR who do not develop a psychotic disorder.
Phylogenetic placement of pelican spiders (Archaeidae, Araneae), with insight into evolution of the “neck” and predatory behaviours of the superfamily Palpimanoidea
Authors: Wood Hannah Marie , Griswold Charles E. , Gillespie Rosemary G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships among archaeid spider lineages, as well as the placement of archaeids within the Araneomorphae, present a problem in the systematics of spiders. We investigate these relationships by broadly sampling taxa from the Araneomorphae and superfamily Palpimanoidea, as well as from extant and fossil archaeid lineages. Using parsimony and Bayesian methods we perform a total‐evidence analysis that includes 126 morphological characters and over 4000 bases from one mitochondrial and three nuclear molecular markers. Phylogenetic analysis results in a delimitation of the superfamily Palpimanoidea to contain five families: Archaeidae, Mecysmaucheniidae, Stenochilidae, Palpimanidae and Huttoniidae. We also find the extant archaeids, which are restricted to the southern hemisphere, to be monophyletic, with the fossil archaeids paraphyletic. This phylogenetic framework is then used to interpret a novel morphological character, the highly modified and elevated cephalic area and elongated chelicerae (jaws), coupled with prey choice observations in the field and observations of chelicerae movements during predatory attacks. We conclude that the evolution of the elevated cephalic area, which reoriented the chelicerae muscles, led to highly manoeuvrable chelicerae and associated novel prey capture strategies. All members of Palpimanoidea appear to have modifications to the cephalic area, such as a diastema or sclerotization around the chelicerae bases, and furthermore, members appear to have evolved prey specialization.
The disparity of priapulid, archaeopriapulid and palaeoscolecid worms in the light of new data
Authors: Wills M. A. , Gerber S. , Ruta M. , Hughes M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPriapulids and their extinct relatives, the archaeopriapulids and palaeoscolecids, are vermiform, carnivorous ecdysozoans with an armoured, extensible proboscis. These worms were an important component of marine communities during thePalaeozoic, but were especially abundant and diverse in theCambrian. Today, they comprise just seven genera in four families. Priapulids were among the first groups used to test hypotheses concerning the morphological disparity ofCambrian fossils relative to the extant fauna. A previous study sampled at the generic level, concluding thatCambrian genera embodied marginally less morphological diversity than their extant counterparts. Here, we sample predominantly at the species level and include numerous fossils and some extant forms described in the last fifteen years. Empirical morphospaces for priapulids, archaeopriapulids and palaeoscolecids are relatively insensitive to changes in the taxon or character sample: their overall form has altered little, despite the markedly improved sampling. Cambrian and post‐Cambrian genera occupy adjacent rather than broadly overlapping regions of these spaces, andCambrian species still show lower morphological disparity than their post‐Cambrian counterparts. Crucially, the significance of this difference has increased with improved taxon sampling over research time. In contrast with empirical morphospaces, the phylogeny of priapulids, archaeopriapulids and palaeoscolecids derived from morphological characters is extremely sensitive to details of taxon sampling and the manner in which characters are weighted. However, the extant Priapulidae and Halicryptidae invariably resolve as sister families, with this entire clade subsequently being sister group to theMaccabeidae. In our most inclusive trees, the extantTubiluchidae are separated from these other living taxa by a number of small, intervening fossil clades.
The roles of ecological fitting, phylogeny and physiological equivalence in understanding realized and fundamental host ranges in endoparasitoid wasps
Authors: Harvey J. A. , Ximénez de Embún M. G. , Bukovinszky T. , Gols R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCo‐evolutionary theory underpins our understanding of interactions in nature involving plant–herbivore and host–parasite interactions. However, many studies that are published in the empirical literature that have explored life history and development strategies between endoparasitoid wasps and their hosts are based on species that have no evolutionary history with one another. Here, we investigated novel associations involving two closely related solitary endoparasitoids that originate from Europe and North America and several of their natural and factitious hosts from both continents. The natural hosts of both species are also closely related, all being members of the same family. We compared development and survival of both parasitoids on the four host species and predicted that parasitoid performance is better on their own natural hosts. In contrast with this expectation, survival, adult size and development time of both parasitoids were similar on all (with one exception) hosts, irrespective as to their geographic origin. Our results show that phylogenetic affinity among the natural and factitious hosts plays an important role in their nutritional suitability for related parasitoids. Evolved traits in parasitoids, such as immune suppression and development, thus enable them to successfully develop in novel host species with which they have no evolutionary history. Our results show that host suitability for specialized organisms like endoparasitoids is closely linked with phylogenetic history and macro‐evolution as well as local adaptation and micro‐evolution. We argue that the importance of novel interactions and ‘ecological fitting’ based on phylogeny is a greatly underappreciated concept in many resource–consumer studies.
Effects of nectar robbing on pollinator behavior and plant reproductive success of Pitcairnia angustifolia (Bromeliaceae)
Authors: FUMERO‐CABÁN JOSÉ J. , MELÉNDEZ‐ACKERMAN ELVIA J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNectar robbers may have direct and indirect effects on plant reproductive success but the presence of nectar robbing is not proof of negative fitness effects. We combined census data and field experiments to disentangle the complex effects of nectar robbing on nectar production rates, pollinator behavior, pollen export, and female reproductive success of Pitcairnia angustifolia. Under natural conditions flowers were visited by four different animal species including a robber‐like pollinator and a secondary robber. Natural levels of nectar robbing ranged from 40 to 100%. Natural variation in nectar robbing was not associated with fruit set in any year whereas seed set was weakly positively associated for 1 year only. Artificial nectar robbing did not increase nectar production or concentration, did not affect the behavior of long‐billed hummingbirds, and when faced with artificially robbed flowers, these visitors behaved as secondary nectar robbers. The number of stigmas within a patch that received pollen dye analogs and the average distance traveled by these analogs were not significantly different between robbing treatments (robbed flowers versus unrobbed flowers), but the maximum distance traveled by these pollen analogs was higher when nectar robbing was not prevented. Overall, the proportion of robbed flowers on an inflorescence had a neutral effect to a weak positive effect on the reproduction of individual plants (i.e. positive association between nectar robbing and fruit set in 2002) even when it clearly changed the behavior of its most efficient pollinator potentially increasing the frequency of nectar robbing within a plant.
Decomposition dynamics of Phragmites australis litter in Lake Burullus, Egypt
Authors: Eid Ebrahem M. , Shaltout Kamal H. , Al‐Sodany Yassin M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study estimated the decomposition rate and nutrient dynamics of Phragmites australis litter in Lake Burullus (Egypt) and investigated the amount of nutrients released back into the water after the decomposition of the dead tissues. Phragmites australis detritus decomposition was studied from April to September 2003 utilizing the leaf, stem, and rhizome litterbags technique with coarse mesh (5 mm) bags on five sampling dates and with nine replicate packs per sample. All samples were dried, weighed and analyzed for N, P, Ca, Mg, Na, and K concentrations. The exponential breakdown rate of leaves (−0.0117/day) was significantly higher than that of rhizomes (−0.0040/day) and stems (−0.0036/day). N, Na and K mineralization were the highest from leaf litter, followed by rhizomes and stems, while P, Ca and Mg mineralization were the highest from rhizomes, followed by leaves and stems. The dead shoot biomass at the end of 2003 amounted to 4550 g DM/m2 which enters the decomposition process. By using the decay rate of 0.0117 and 0.0036/day for the leaves and stems, 3487 g DM/m2 is decomposed in a year, leaving only 1063 g DM/m2 after 1 year. This is mainly equivalent to releasing the following nutrients into surrounding water (in g/m2): 24.4 N, 1.1 P, 15.5 Ca, 3.5 Mg, 11.3 Na and 16.7 K. In conclusion, the present study indicates a significant difference in relation to the type of litter; these breakdown rates were generally greater than most rates reported in previous studies that used the same technique and mesh size.
Factors leading to the use of alternate treatment modalities following transoral laser excision of T1 and T2 glottic squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pham Truong An , De Freitas Ryan , Sigston Elizabeth , Vallance Neil 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundCO2 transoral laser surgery and radiotherapy are both recognized as acceptable treatments for early glottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with similar rates of cure. The reasons why some of the patients in our series undergoing laser resection as their primary modality of treatment subsequently underwent radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy will be discussed.MethodsRetrospective study between January 2003 and August 2010 of all T1 and T2 glottic SCCs treated with laser resection at a major tertiary centre. Tis lesions were excluded. A review of the cases in which primary control with laser resection was not achieved was undertaken. Failure was defined as patients treated initially with laser resection who subsequently received radiotherapy, combined chemoradiotherapy or open surgery for the same tumour. Factors leading to failure were analysed, including tumour location, histology, stage and patient factors.ResultsThirty‐one patients were identified, with the majority (27) having T1 disease. Mean number of laser excisions per patient was 1.7. Local control rate was 71% with laser alone. One patient had nodal recurrence with no primary recurrence. Mean follow‐up was 32 months. Of the nine patients in whom local control was not achieved with laser alone, all had tumour at or crossing the anterior commissure. Four patients were deemed potentially curable with further excision but chose radiotherapy. Two patients were deemed appropriate for radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Three patients had loco‐regional recurrence and underwent laryngectomy. All had anterior commissure involvement.ConclusionTransoral laser excision is a safe, function‐preserving treatment of early glottic SCC. Anterior commissure involvement was the major factor for potential failure with laser resection in T1 and T2 glottic tumours.