bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Dimensionally Ordered Mesoporous Carbon as a Stable, High‐Performance Li–O2 Battery Cathode
Authors: Xie Jin , Yao Xiahui , Cheng Qingmei , Madden Ian P. , Dornath Paul , Chang Chun‐Chih , Fan Wei , Wang Dunwei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEnabled by the reversible conversion between Li2O2 and O2, Li–O2 batteries promise theoretical gravimetric capacities significantly greater than Li‐ion batteries. The poor cycling performance, however, has greatly hindered the development of this technology. At the heart of the problem is the reactivity exhibited by the carbon cathode support under cell operation conditions. One strategy is to conceal the carbon surface from reactive intermediates. Herein, we show that long cyclability can be achieved on three dimensionally ordered mesoporous (3DOm) carbon by growing a thin layer of FeOx using atomic layer deposition (ALD). 3DOm carbon distinguishes itself from other carbon materials with well‐defined pore structures, providing a unique material to gain insight into processes key to the operations of Li–O2 batteries. When decorated with Pd nanoparticle catalysts, the new cathode exhibits a capacity greater than 6000 mAh gcarbon−1 and cyclability of more than 68 cycles.
Heterogeneous Platinum‐Catalyzed CH Perfluoroalkylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes
Authors: He Lin , Natte Kishore , Rabeah Jabor , Taeschler Christoph , Neumann Helfried , Brückner Angelika , Beller Matthias 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFluorinated organic compounds are gaining increasing interest for life science applications. The replacement of hydrogen in arenes or heteroarenes by a perfluoroalkyl group has a profound influence on the physical and biological properties of such building blocks. Here, an operationally simple protocol for the direct CH perfluoroalkylation of (hetero)arenes with RfI or RfBr has been developed, using a robust supported platinum catalyst. The ready availability of the starting materials, the excellent substrate tolerance, and the reusability of the catalyst make this method attractive for the synthesis of a variety of perfluoroalkyl‐substituted aromatic compounds. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed the formation of radicals to be crucial in the reaction system.
Maximum Spin Polarization in Chromium Dimer Cations as Demonstrated by X‐ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy
Authors: Zamudio‐Bayer Vicente , Hirsch Konstantin , Langenberg Andreas , Niemeyer Markus , Vogel Marlene , Ławicki Arkadiusz , Terasaki Akira , Lau J. Tobias , von Issendorff Bernd 
Published: February 2015

AbstractX‐ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy has been used to characterize the electronic structure and magnetic moment of Cr2+. Our results indicate that the removal of a single electron from the 4sσg bonding orbital of Cr2 drastically changes the preferred coupling of the 3d electronic spins. While the neutral molecule has a zero‐spin ground state with a very short bond length, the molecular cation exhibits a ferromagnetically coupled ground state with the highest possible spin of S=11/2, and almost twice the bond length of the neutral molecule. This spin configuration can be interpreted as a result of indirect exchange coupling between the 3d electrons of the two atoms that is mediated by the single 4s electron through a strong intraatomic 3d‐4s exchange interaction. Our finding allows an estimate of the relative energies of two states that are often discussed as ground‐state candidates, the ferromagnetically coupled 12Σ and the low‐spin 2Σ state.
Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide reinforced PVA film with boric acid as crosslinker
Authors: Chen Jie , Li Yadong , Zhang Yin , Zhu Yangguang 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTPVA films were prepared through aqueous solution method, and boric acid (BA) as well as graphene oxide (GO) was added to improve the mechanical and thermal properties. It was found that 5 wt % BA could increase the tensile strength threefold (from 23.3 to 67.7 MPa), and the incorporation of 0.2 wt % GO would provide additional percentage growth of 30% (from 67.7 to 88.5 MPa). Moreover, an enhancement of thermal stability of PVA film was found when BA or GO filler was added. The reinforcement mechanisms of both BA and GO were investigated, and a competitive phenomenon that the addition of BA would influence the reinforcement effect of GO sheets was found. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42000.
Morphology, mechanical performance, and nanoindentation behavior of injection molded PC/ABS‐MWCNT nanocomposites
Authors: Wegrzyn Marcin , Sahuquillo Oscar , Benedito Adolfo , Gimenez Enrique 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, nanocomposites of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (PC/ABS) with various loads of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are investigated. Material is previously formed by masterbatch dilution approach and further processed by injection molding at various velocities. Microscopic characterization of nanocomposites morphology reveals stronger dependence of MWCNT dispersion on processing parameters at higher nanofiller load. Dispersion of carbon nanotubes at various distances from the injection gate is studied by Raman spectroscopy showing lower deviation at elevated injection velocity. Nanoindentation results that are in agreement with uniaxial tensile testing show a slight decrease of nanocomposites' mechanical performance at 3.0 wt % MWCNT in samples injected at reduced velocity. This is explained by the increase of agglomeration behavior at these conditions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42014.
Increasing the adsorption capacity and selectivity of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels by an alternative imprinting technique
Authors: Patachia Silvia , Croitoru Catalin 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, we report an innovative alternative imprinting method for obtaining chemically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with β‐cyclodextrin as template. The materials present high affinity toward the template that imprinted them, revealed by the higher sorption yield of β‐cyclodextrin and higher selectivity factors of the imprinted material, by comparing with the nonimprinted reference. The imprinting kinetic and mechanism has been demonstrated by adsorption studies, binding isotherms and Scatchard analysis and is in good correlation with the information regarding the morphology of the materials, determined by fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. By using a novel fluorescence spectroscopy method of the starting polymer solution, the optimum amount of imprinting template could be determined. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42024.
Weld line improvement of short fiber reinforced thermoplastics with a movable flow obstacle
Authors: Janko Marian , Spiegl Bernhard , Kaufmann Andreas , Lucyshyn Thomas , Holzer Clemens 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTShort fiber reinforced (SFR) thermoplastics are ideal materials from which to manufacture complex technical parts in high volumes with low energy expenditure. The orientation of the fibers, and hence their reinforcing effect, depends strongly on the nature of the cavity and on the injection molding process. One disadvantage of SFR thermoplastics is a significant decrease in mechanical properties in the areas of the weld lines, due to suboptimal fiber orientation as the melt streams reunite at these points. Common mold‐based and process‐based optimization techniques alter the fiber orientation after the formation of the weld line. The mold‐based approach presented here, on the other hand, operates at the time the weld line is formed: by redirecting the melt streams, it moves the weld line and improves the fiber orientation. A prototype mold is described, and samples produced from it with both standard and modified weld lines are compared with flawless specimens. The new technique yields a large rise in flexural strength and a smaller but significant improvement in tensile properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42025.
Effect of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium iodide containing electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) membrane electrolyte on the photovoltaic performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: E. Vijayakumar , A. Subramania , Fei Zhaofu , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTElectrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF‐HFP) membrane was prepared from a solution of 16 wt % of PVdF‐HFP containing acetone/N,N‐dimethyl acetamide (7:3 wt %). The prepared electrospun PVdF‐HFP membrane (esPM) was then soaked in ionic liquid electrolyte containing 0.5M LiI, 0.05M I2, and 0.5M 4‐tert butylpyridine, 0.5M 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium iodide (BMImI) in acetonitrile to get electrospun PVdF‐HFP membrane electrolyte (esPME). The effect of various concentrations of BMImI containing esPME on ionic conductivity was studied by AC‐impedance measurements and the
diffusion co‐efficients was determined by linear sweep voltammetry. The photovoltaic performance of a DSSC fabricated using 0.5M BMImI containing electrospun PVdF‐HFP membrane electrolyte (0.5M BMImI‐esPME) has power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.42%. But the stability of the DSSC fabricated using 0.5M BMImI‐esPME was considerably superior to that fabricated using 0.5M BMImI containing liquid electrolyte (0.5M BMImI‐LE). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42032.
Fetal Development of the Human Obturator Internus Muscle With Special Reference to the Tendon and Pulley
Authors: Naito Michiko , Suzuki Ryoji , Abe Hiroshi , Rodriguez‐Vazquez Jose Francisco , Murakami Gen , Aizawa Shin 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTTo examine the development of the tendon pulley of the obturator internus muscle (OI), we observed paraffin sections of 26 human embryos and fetuses (∼6–15 weeks of gestation). The OI was characterized by early maturation of the proximal tendon in contrast to the delayed development of the distal tendon. At 6 weeks, the ischium corresponded to a simple round mass similar to the tuberosity in adults. At 8 weeks, before development of the definite lesser notch of the ischium, initial muscle fibers of the OI, running along the antero‐posterior axis, converged onto a thick and tight but short tendon running along the left‐right axis. Thus, at the beginning of development, the OI muscle belly and tendon met almost at a right angle. At 10 weeks, the OI tendon extended inferiorly along the sciatic nerve, but the distal part remained thin and loose and it was embedded in the gluteus medius tendon. At 15 weeks, in association with the gemellus muscles, the distal OI tendon was established. The mechanically strong sciatic nerve was first likely to catch the OI muscle fibers to provide a temporary insertion. Next, the ischium developing upward seemed to push the tendon to make the turn more acute along the cartilaginous ridge. Finally, the gemellus muscle appeared to provide inferior traction to the OI tendon for separation from the gluteus medius to create the final, independent insertion. Without such guidance, the piriformis tendon first attached to the OI tendon and then merged with the gluteus medius tendon. Anat Rec, 298:1282–1293, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides by the O‐Glycosylation of Natural Nucleosides with Thioglycoside Donors
Authors: Aoki Shin , Fukumoto Taketo , Itoh Taiki , Kurihara Masayuki , Saito Shigeto , Komabiki Shin‐ya 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDisaccharide nucleosides constitute an important group of naturally‐occurring sugar derivatives. In this study, we report on the synthesis of disaccharide nucleosides by the direct O‐glycosylation of nucleoside acceptors, such as adenosine, guanosine, thymidine, and cytidine, with glycosyl donors. Among the glycosyl donors tested, thioglycosides were found to give the corresponding disaccharide nucleosides in moderate to high chemical yields with the above nucleoside acceptors using p‐toluenesulfenyl chloride (TolSCl) and silver triflate (AgOTf) as promoters. The interaction of these promoters with nucleoside acceptors was examined by 1H NMR spectroscopic experiments.
A support vector machine‐based VVP wind retrieval method
Authors: Li Nan , Wei Ming , Mu Xiyu , Zhao Chang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractVelocity volume processing (VVP) is a common wind retrieval method for single‐Doppler radar. However, hindered by the problem of the ill‐conditioned coefficient matrix, VVP method has not been applied effectively. In this paper, a support vector machine‐based VVP (SVM VVP) method is proposed to improve the VVP method. SVM VVP retrieves wind field through constructing a support vector regression machine for the radial velocity. The new method is applied to a real case, and the retrieval shows that SVM VVP can give accurate and high‐resolution results. It is helpful for studying wind fields of small‐scale precipitation systems.
A direct imaging search for close stellar and sub‐stellar companions to young nearby stars
Authors: Vogt N. , Mugrauer M. , Neuhäuser R. , Schmidt T. O. B. , Contreras‐Quijada A. , Schmidt J. G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA total of 28 young nearby stars (ages ≤60 Myr) have been observed in the Ks‐band with the adaptive optics imager Naos‐Conica of the Very Large Telescope at the Paranal Observatory in Chile. Among the targets are ten visual binaries and one triple system at distances between 10 and 130 pc, all previously known. During a first observing epoch a total of 20 faint stellar or sub‐stellar companion‐candidates were detected around seven of the targets. These fields, as well as most of the stellar binaries, were re‐observed with the same instrument during a second epoch, about one year later. We present the astrometric observations of all binaries. Their analysis revealed that all stellar binaries are co‐moving. In two cases (HD 119022 AB and FG Aqr B/C) indications for significant orbital motions were found. However, all sub‐stellar companion candidates turned out to be non‐moving background objects except PZ Tel which is part of this project but whose results were published elsewhere. Detection limits were determined for all targets, and limiting masses were derived adopting three different age values; they turn out to be less than 10 Jupiter masses in most cases, well below the brown dwarf mass range. The fraction of stellar multiplicity and of the sub‐stellar companion occurrence in the star forming regions in Chamaeleon are compared to the statistics of our search, and possible reasons for the observed differences are discussed. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Classical Cepheids in the Galactic outer ring R1R ′2
Authors: Mel'nik A.M. , Rautiainen P. , Berdnikov L.N. , Dambis A.K. , Rastorguev A.S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe kinematics and distribution of classical Cepheids within ∼3 kpc from the Sun suggest the existence of the outer ring R1R ′2 in the Galaxy. The optimum value of the solar position angle with respect to the major axis of the bar, θb, providing the best agreement between the distribution of Cepheids and model particles, is θb = 37° ±13°. The kinematical features obtained for Cepheids with negative galactocentric radial velocity VR are consistent with the solar location near the descending segment of the outer ring R2. The sharp rise of extinction toward of the Galactic center can be explained by the presence of the outer ring R1 near the Sun. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Axisymmetry vs. nonaxisymmetry of a Taylor‐Couette flow with azimuthal magnetic fields
Authors: Gellert M. , Rüdiger G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe instability of a supercritical Taylor‐Couette flow of a conducting fluid with resting outer cylinder under the influence of a uniform axial electric current is investigated for magnetic Prandtl number Pm = 1. In the linear theory the critical Reynolds number for axisymmetric perturbations is not influenced by the current‐induced axisymmetric magnetic field but all axisymmetric magnetic perturbations decay. The nonaxisymmetric perturbations with m = 1 are excited even without rotation for large enough Hartmann numbers (“Tayler instability”). For slow rotation their growth rates scale with the Alfvén frequency of the magnetic field but for fast rotation they scale with the rotation rate of the inner cylinder. In the nonlinear regime the ratio of the energy of the magnetic m = 1 modes and the toroidal background field is very low for the non‐rotating Tayler instability but it strongly grows if differential rotation is present. For super‐Alfv´enic rotation the energies in the m = 1 modes of flow and field do not depend on the molecular viscosity, they are almost in equipartition and contain only 1.5 % of the centrifugal energy of the inner cylinder. The geometry of the excited magnetic field pattern is strictly nonaxisymmetric for slow rotation but it is of the mixed‐mode type for fast rotation – contrary to the situation which has been observed at the surface of Ap stars. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of multi‐enzyme co‐immobilized nanoparticles by bis‐aryl hydrazone bond conjugation
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Liu Yan , Yuan Qipeng , Liang Hao 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA novel multi‐enzyme co‐immobilized nanoparticle was prepared by the bis‐aryl hydrazone conjugation strategy for enhancing the overall reaction efficiency and specificity. It can be seen that the molar substitution ratios of succinimidyl 6‐hydrazinonicotinamid acetone hydrazone or succinimidyl 4‐formylbenzoate to glucose oxidase (GOX) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) increased with the concentration of the linking reagents. The amount of the immobilized conjugates on the support was measured to be 22.8 ± 1.6 mg/g‐particle, and it meant that more than 90% of the GOX–HRP conjugates were successfully attached onto the polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles. Moreover, the immobilized bi‐enzymes conjugate on the PS nanoparticles increased about 1.6‐fold compared with that of free enzymes.
Evidence for Implicit Risk: Delay Facilitates the Processing of Uncertainty
Authors: Bixter Michael T. , Luhmann Christian C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHumans and other animals discount the value of rewards over time. One explanation for this is that delayed rewards may be less certain than immediate rewards, what has been referred to as the implicit risk hypothesis. Although this explanation is widely accepted, little research has directly assessed the validity of the implicit risk hypothesis. In the current study, we present two experiments in which participants made decisions about rewards involving both delay and uncertainty. By manipulating the order in which information was presented, we were able to investigate whether delay information facilitates beliefs about uncertainty and vice versa. It was found that participants were more likely to prefer larger, delayed rewards when information about delay was presented before information about uncertainty than when the information was presented in the opposite order. Additionally, we describe a process model that implements the implicit risk hypothesis and show that it is consistent with the observed patterns of data. These results support the implicit risk hypothesis and suggest that information about delay facilitates the processing of information about uncertainty. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal risk factors for gastroschisis in Canada
Authors: Skarsgard Erik D. , Meaney Christopher , Bassil Kate , Brindle Mary , Arbour Laura , Moineddin Rahim ,   the Canadian Pediatric Surgery Network (CAPSNet)
Published: February 2015

BackgroundGastroschisis is a congenital abdominal wall defect that occurs in one per 2200 pregnancies. Birth defect surveillance in Canada has shown that the prevalence of gastroschisis has increased threefold over the past 10 years. The purpose of this study was to compare maternal exposures data from a national gastroschisis registry with pregnancy exposures from vital statistics to understand maternal risk factor associations with the occurrence of gastroschisis.MethodsUsing common definitions, pregnancy cohorts were developed from two databases. The Canadian Pediatric Surgery Network database, a population‐based dataset was used to record maternal exposures for women who experienced a gastroschisis pregnancy, while a contemporaneous, geographically cross‐sectional “control” cohort of pregnant women and their exposures was developed from Canadian Community Health Survey data. Groups comparison of maternal risk factors was performed using univariate and multivariate logistic generalized estimating equation techniques.ResultsA total of 692 gastroschisis pregnancies (from Canadian Pediatric Surgery Network) and 4708 pregnancies from Canadian Community Health Survey were compared. Younger maternal age (odds ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.87; p < 0.0001), smoking (odds ratio, 2.86; 95% confidence interval, 2.22–3.66; p < 0.0001), a history of pregestational or gestational diabetes (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.42–5.5; p = 0.0031), and use of medication to treat depression (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.38–11.8; p = 0.011) emerged as significant associations with gastroschisis pregnancies.ConclusionGastroschisis in Canada is associated with maternal risk factors, some of which are modifiable. Further studies into sociodemographic birth defect risk are necessary to allow targeted improvements in perinatal health service delivery and health policy. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:111–118, 2015 © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RNA aptamers as genetic control devices: The potential of riboswitches as synthetic elements for regulating gene expression
Authors: Berens Christian , Groher Florian , Suess Beatrix 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRNA utilizes many different mechanisms to control gene expression. Among the regulatory elements that respond to external stimuli, riboswitches are a prominent and elegant example. They consist solely of RNA and couple binding of a small molecule ligand to the so‐called “aptamer domain” with a conformational change in the downstream “expression platform” which then determines system output. The modular organization of riboswitches and the relative ease with which ligand‐binding RNA aptamers can be selected in vitro against almost any molecule have led to the rapid and widespread adoption of engineered riboswitches as artificial genetic control devices in biotechnology and synthetic biology over the past decade. This review highlights proof‐of‐principle applications to demonstrate the versatility and robustness of engineered riboswitches in regulating gene expression in pro‐ and eukaryotes. It then focuses on strategies and parameters to identify aptamers that can be integrated into synthetic riboswitches that are functional in vivo, before finishing with a reflection on how to improve the regulatory properties of engineered riboswitches, so that we can not only further expand riboswitch applicability, but also finally fully exploit their potential as control elements in regulating gene expression.