bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structured intervention for management of pain following day surgery in children
Authors: Walther‐Larsen Søren , Aagaard Gitte Bruun , Friis Susanne Molin , Petersen Trine , Møller‐Sonnergaard Jørn , Rømsing Janne 
Published: November 2015

SummeryBackgroundAmbulatory surgery forms a large part of pediatric surgical practice. Several studies indicate that postoperative pain is poorly managed with more than 30% of children having moderate to severe pain. In a busy outpatient clinic contact between healthcare professionals and the family is increasingly limited calling for a global and efficient pain management regime.ObjectiveThe aim of this prospective observational cohort study was to determine postoperative pain intensity following day surgery in children after our structured intervention for pain management.MethodsA number of interventions in an effort to address barriers to effective postoperative pain management after day surgery were identified in the literature. By introducing our concept structured intervention, we aimed to address the majority if not all these barriers. Accordingly, we adapted postoperative pain management to each child using a multimodal approach consisting of surgery‐specific analgesia with weight appropriate doses of acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Analgesics were handed out to the parents in formulations accepted by child and parent and after thorough information to the parents.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐five children were scheduled for surgery during the 3‐month period of which 149 children were available for analysis. The postoperative pain as assessed by the parents with a the Short Form of the Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM‐SF) was well managed exhibiting a median pain score of 4 on postoperative day 0 (POD0) and median 1 on postoperative day 1 (POD1) and a numeric rating scale (NRS) median pain score of 2 on POD0 and median 1 on POD1. We found a highly significant correlation between the PPPM‐SF and the NRS scores.ConclusionAfter thorough information of the parents we have successfully implemented a surgery‐specific regime of primarily around‐the‐clock dosing of drug formulations acceptable for the specific child with dispensed medication ready available for the family.
Both foliar and residual applications of herbicides that inhibit amino acid biosynthesis induce alternative respiration and aerobic fermentation in pea roots
Authors: Armendáriz O. , Gil‐Monreal M. , Zulet A. , Zabalza A. , Royuela M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe objective of this work was to ascertain whether there is a general pattern of carbon allocation and utilisation in plants following herbicide supply, independent of the site of application: sprayed on leaves or supplied to nutrient solution. The herbicides studied were the amino acid biosynthesis‐inhibiting herbicides (ABIH): glyphosate, an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, and imazamox, an inhibitor of branched‐chain amino acid biosynthesis. All treated plants showed impaired carbon metabolism; carbohydrate accumulation was detected in both leaves and roots of the treated plants. The accumulation in roots was due to lack of use of available sugars as growth was arrested, which elicited soluble carbohydrate accumulation in the leaves due to a decrease in sink strength. Under aerobic conditions, ethanol fermentative metabolism was enhanced in roots of the treated plants. This fermentative response was not related to a change in total respiration rates or cytochrome respiratory capacity, but an increase in alternative oxidase capacity was detected. Pyruvate accumulation was detected after most of the herbicide treatments. These results demonstrate that both ABIH induce the less‐efficient, ATP‐producing pathways, namely fermentation and alternative respiration, by increasing the key metabolite, pyruvate. The plant response was similar not only for the two ABIH but also after foliar or residual application.
Early dysautonomia detected by heart rate variability predicts late depression in female patients following mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Sung Chih‐Wei , Lee Hsin‐Chien , Chiang Yung‐Hsiao , Chiu Wen‐Ta , Chu Shu‐Fen , Ou Ju‐Chi , Tsai Shin‐Han , Liao Kuo‐Hsing , Lin Chien‐Min , Lin Jia‐Wei , Chen Gunng‐Shinng , Li Wei‐Jiun , Wang Jia‐Yi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDepression is one of the frequent complications following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Recent research indicated that abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be evaluated by a noninvasive power spectral analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV). In this study, we investigated whether a frequency‐domain analysis of HRV was correlated with late depression in mTBI patients. In total, 181 patients diagnosed with mTBI and 83 volunteers as healthy controls were recruited in 2010–2014. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were used to evaluate depression in the 1st week of assessment and at 1.5‐, 3‐, 6‐, 12‐, and 18‐month follow‐ups. Correlation and logistic regression analyses of the 1st week HRV parameters with BDI scores at 18 months were performed in individual female mTBI patients. Female mTBI patients were more vulnerable to depression accompanied by reduced HRV compared to healthy controls. Over time, depression was aggravated in female mTBI patients but was alleviated in male mTBI patients. A significantly lower parasympathetic proportion of the ANS was noted at 18 months with respect to the 1st week in female mTBI patients. In addition, depression in female mTBI patients at 18 months after injury was significantly correlated with a decrease in the parasympathetic proportion of the ANS in the 1st week (ρ = −0.411; p < .05). Dysautonomia resulted in higher risks of depression in female mTBI patients. We concluded that early dysautonomia following an mTBI contributes to late depression in female mTBI patients.
Changing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in people with COPD
Authors: Cavalheri Vinicius , Straker Leon , Gucciardi Daniel F. , Gardiner Paul A. , Hill Kylie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPeople with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) engage in low levels of physical activity (PA). Given the evidence for the health benefits associated with participating in 150 min of moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity PA each week, there is considerable interest in methods to increase PA in people with COPD. Studies to date have focused largely on exercise training and behavioural approaches, and many have demonstrated minimal, if any effect. An intermediate goal that focuses on reducing time spent in sedentary behaviour (SB) and increasing participation in light intensity PA is a more realistic goal in this population and offers a gateway to higher intensity PA. Although strategies that are capable of reducing time spent in SB in COPD are unknown, studies that have shown some increase in PA in this population often provide individualized goal setting, motivational interviewing and frequent contact with health‐care professionals to provide advice regarding strategies to overcome barriers. Therefore, these approaches should be considered in interventions to reduce time in SB. There are a range of devices available to monitor time in SB for use in both clinical and research settings. To move this area forward, a theoretically informed and systematic approach to behaviour change is needed. The theoretical model, the ‘behaviour change wheel’, is described and an example is provided of how it can be applied to a person with COPD.
Effects of low‐dose morphine on perceived sleep quality in patients with refractory breathlessness: A hypothesis generating study
Authors: Martins Rodrigo T. , Currow David C. , Abernethy Amy P. , Johnson Miriam J. , Toson Barbara , Eckert Danny J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe management of chronic refractory breathlessness is one of the indications for regular low‐dose (≤30 mg/24 h) oral sustained release morphine. Morphine may disrupt sleep in some conditions and improve sleep quality in others. This study aimed to determine any signal of regular, low‐dose morphine on perceived sleep disruption due to breathlessness and perceived sleep quality.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of data from 38 participants with refractory breathlessness (30 male; 33 with COPD) aged 76 ± 0.9 years who completed a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study in which they received 20 mg oral sustained release morphine daily and placebo for 4 days each. Participant ratings of sleep disruption due to breathlessness and perceived sleep quality were obtained daily throughout the 8‐day trial.ResultsPerceived sleep disruption due to breathlessness over the 4‐day period ranged between 13% and 32% of participants for placebo and 13% and 26% for morphine, decreasing by each day of the study during the morphine arm. Most participants reported ‘very good’ or ‘quite good’ sleep throughout the trial and were less likely to perceive poor sleep quality during the morphine arm (odds ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.34–0.88, P = 0.01). Participants who reported decreased breathlessness during the 4 days on morphine were also likely to report improved sleep quality with morphine (P = 0.039).ConclusionFour days of low‐dose morphine improved perceived sleep quality in elderly participants with refractory breathlessness. Regular low‐dose morphine targeted to reduce refractory breathlessness may yield associated benefits by reducing sleep disruption and improving sleep quality.
Suppressing methane emission and global warming potential from rice fields through intermittent drainage and green biomass amendment
Authors: Haque Md. M. , Biswas J. C. , Kim S. Y. , Kim P. J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWinter cover crops are recommended to improve soil quality and carbon sequestration, although their use as green manure can significantly increase methane (CH4) emission from paddy soils. Soil management practices can be used to reduce CH4 emission from paddy soils, but intermittent drainage is regarded as a key practice to reduce CH4 emission and global warming potential (GWP). However, significantly greater emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are expected when large amounts of cover crop biomass are incorporated into soils. In this study, we investigated the effects of midseason drainage on CH4 emission and GWP following incorporation of 0, 3, 6 and 12 Mg/ha of cover crop biomass. Methane, CO2 and N2O emission rates significantly (P < 0.05) increased with higher rates of cover crop biomass incorporation under both irrigation conditions. However, intermittent drainage effectively reduced seasonal CH4 fluxes by ca. 42–46% and GWP by 17–31% compared to continuous flooding. Moreover, there were no significant differences in rice yield between the two water management practices with similar biomass incorporation rates. In conclusion, intermittent drainage and incorporation of 3 Mg/ha of green biomass could be a good management option to reduce GWP.
High resolution 3D imaging of synchrotron generated microbeams
Authors: Gagliardi Frank M. , Cornelius Iwan , Blencowe Anton , Franich Rick D. , Geso Moshi 
Published: November 2015

Purpose:Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) techniques are under investigation at synchrotrons worldwide. Favourable outcomes from animal and cell culture studies have proven the efficacy of MRT. The aim of MRT researchers currently is to progress to human clinical trials in the near future. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the high resolution and 3D imaging of synchrotron generated microbeams in PRESAGE® dosimeters using laser fluorescence confocal microscopy.Methods:Water equivalent PRESAGE® dosimeters were fabricated and irradiated with microbeams on the Imaging and Medical Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. Microbeam arrays comprised of microbeams 25–50 μm wide with 200 or 400 μm peak‐to‐peak spacing were delivered as single, cross‐fire, multidirectional, and interspersed arrays. Imaging of the dosimeters was performed using a nikon a1 laser fluorescence confocal microscope.Results:The spatial fractionation of the MRT beams was clearly visible in 2D and up to 9 mm in depth. Individual microbeams were easily resolved with the full width at half maximum of microbeams measured on images with resolutions of as low as 0.09 μm/pixel. Profiles obtained demonstrated the change of the peak‐to‐valley dose ratio for interspersed MRT microbeam arrays and subtle variations in the sample positioning by the sample stage goniometer were measured.Conclusions:Laser fluorescence confocal microscopy of MRT irradiated PRESAGE® dosimeters has been validated in this study as a high resolution imaging tool for the independent spatial and geometrical verification of MRT beam delivery.
Current Concepts for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Diagnostics and Pathogenesis of Genital Tract Shedding
Authors: Johnston Christine , Corey Lawrence 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARY
Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a DNA virus that is efficiently transmitted through intimate genital tract contact and causes persistent infection that cannot be eliminated. HSV-2 may cause frequent, symptomatic self-limited genital ulcers, but in most persons infection is subclinical. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the virus is frequently shed from genital surfaces even in the absence of signs or symptoms of clinical disease and that the virus can be transmitted during these periods of shedding. Furthermore, HSV-2 shedding is detected throughout the genital tract and may be associated with genital tract inflammation, which likely contributes to increased risk of HIV acquisition. This review focuses on HSV diagnostics, as well as what we have learned about the importance of frequent genital HSV shedding for (i) HSV transmission and (ii) genital tract inflammation, as well as (iii) the impact of HSV-2 infection on HIV acquisition and transmission. We conclude with discussion of future areas of research to push the field forward.
Comparison of Three Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccines in the Baboon Model of Pertussis
Authors: Warfel Jason M. , Zimmerman Lindsey I. , Merkel Tod J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the bacterial pathogen
Bordetella pertussis
. Pertussis rates in the United States have escalated since the 1990s and reached a 50-year high of 48,000 cases in 2012. While this pertussis resurgence is not completely understood, we previously showed that the current acellular pertussis vaccines do not prevent colonization or transmission following challenge. In contrast, a whole-cell pertussis vaccine accelerated the rate of clearance compared to rates in unvaccinated animals and animals treated with the acellular vaccine. In order to understand if these results are generalizable, we used our baboon model to compare immunity from whole-cell vaccines from three different manufacturers that are approved outside the United States. We found that, compared to clearance rates with no vaccine and with an acellular pertussis vaccine, immunization with any of the three whole-cell vaccines significantly accelerated the clearance of
B. pertussis
following challenge. Whole-cell vaccination also significantly reduced the total nasopharyngeal
B. pertussis
burden, suggesting that these vaccines reduce the opportunity for pertussis transmission. Meanwhile, there was no difference in either the duration or in
B. pertussis
burden between unvaccinated and acellular-pertussis-vaccinated animals, while previously infected animals were not colonized following reinfection. We also determined that transcription of the gene encoding interleukin-17 (IL-17) was increased in whole-cell-vaccinated and previously infected animals but not in acellular-pertussis-vaccinated animals following challenge. Together with our previous findings, these data are consistent with a role for Th17 responses in the clearance of
B. pertussis
infection.
Robust Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Neutralizing Carryover Contamination
Authors: Hwang Ji-Hyeon , Shin Yong-Keol , Park So-Yeon , Kim Jeesoo , Kim Su-Mi , Kim Byounghan , Park Jong-Hyeon , Lee Jong-Soo , Lee Kwang-Nyeong 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
During an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) is the most commonly used diagnostic method to detect viral RNA. However, while this assay is often conducted during the outbreak period, there is an inevitable risk of carryover contamination. This study shows that the carryover contamination can be prevented by the use of target-specific restriction endonuclease in that assay.
Comparison of Six Automated Treponema-Specific Antibody Assays
Authors: Park Borae G. , Yoon Jihoon G. , Rim John Hoon , Lee Anna , Kim Hyon-Suk 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Six different
Treponema
(TP)-specific immunoassays were compared to the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test. A total of 615 samples were tested. The overall percent agreement, analytical sensitivity, and analytical specificity of each assay compared to the FTA-ABS test were as follows: Architect Syphilis TP, 99.2%, 96.8%, and 100%; Cobas Syphilis, 99.8%, 99.4%, and 100%; ADVIA Centaur Syphilis, 99.8%, 99.4%, and 100%; HISCL Anti-TP assay kit, 99.7%, 98.7%, and 100%; Immunoticles Auto3 TP, 99.0%, 97.5%, and 99.6%; Mediace TPLA, 98.0%, 98.1%, and 98.0%. All results that were discrepant between the TP-specific assays were associated with samples from noninfectious cases (11 immunoassay false positives and 7 from previous syphilis cases). Our study demonstrated that TP-specific immunoassays generally showed high sensitivities, specificities, and percentages of agreement compared to FTA-ABS, with rare cases of false-positive or false-negative results. Therefore, most TP-specific immunoassays are acceptable for use in screening for syphilis. However, it is important to perform a thorough review of a patient's clinical and treatment history for interpreting the results of syphilis serology.
Simultaneous Detection of Major Drug Resistance Mutations of HIV-1 Subtype B Viruses from Dried Blood Spot Specimens by Multiplex Allele-Specific Assay
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Cai Fangping , de Rivera Ivette Lorenzana , Zhou Zhiyong , Zhang Jing , Nkengasong John , Gao Feng , Yang Chunfu 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
A multiplex allele-specific (MAS) assay has been developed for the detection of HIV-1 subtype C drug resistance mutations (DRMs). We have optimized the MAS assay to determine subtype B DRMs in dried blood spots (DBS) collected from patients on antiretroviral therapy. The new assay accurately detected DRMs, including low-abundance mutations that were often missed by Sanger sequencing.
HemaSpot, a Novel Blood Storage Device for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Testing
Authors: Brooks K. , DeLong A. , Balamane M. , Schreier L. , Orido M. , Chepkenja M. , Kemboi E. , D'Antuono M. , Chan P. A. , Emonyi W. , Diero L. , Coetzer M. , Kantor R. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

HemaSpot, a novel dried-blood storage filter device, was used for HIV-1
pol
resistance testing in 30 fresh United States blood samples and 54 previously frozen Kenyan blood samples. Genotyping succeeded in 79% and 58% of samples, respectively, improved with shorter storage and higher viral load, and had good (86%) resistance mutation concordance to plasma.
Performance of a Novel Point-of-Care Molecular Assay for Detection of Influenza A and B Viruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Enigma MiniLab) in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection
Authors: Douthwaite Sam T. , Walker Charlotte , Adams Elisabeth J. , Mak Catherine , Vecino Ortiz Andres , Martinez-Alier Nuria , Goldenberg Simon D. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
The performance of the Enigma MiniLab assay for influenza A and B viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was compared to a centralized laboratory respiratory virus panel. The positive and negative percent agreement for influenza A virus, influenza B virus, and RSV were 79.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 57.8 to 92.9%) and 99.4% (95% CI, 98.4 to 99.9), 100% (95% CI, 47.8 to 100%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.3 to 100%), 98.5% (95% CI, 94.6 to 99.8%) and 94.5% (95% CI, 91.9 to 96.4%), respectively.
Viral Regulation of Cell Tropism in Human Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Li Gang , Kamil Jeremy P. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
The viral glycoproteins that decorate enveloped viruses play crucial roles in cell entry and in large part dictate the spectrum of cell types that a virus can infect. The identification in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) of a viral endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glycoprotein that regulates the composition of alternative viral envelope glycoprotein complexes raises the intriguing possibility that certain viruses might actively regulate the tropism of progeny virions to improve their fitness or to navigate through the host.
A Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) gD Mutant Impaired for Neural Tropism Is Superior to an HSV-2 gD Subunit Vaccine To Protect Animals from Challenge with HSV-2
Authors: Wang Kening , Goodman Kyle N. , Li Daniel Y. , Raffeld Mark , Chavez Mayra , Cohen Jeffrey I. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTA recent phase 3 trial with soluble herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D (gD2t) in adjuvant failed to show protection against genital herpes. We postulated that live attenuated HSV-2 would provide more HSV antigens for induction of virus-specific antibodies and cellular immunity than would gD2t. We previously reported an HSV-2 mutant, HSV2-gD27, in which the nectin-1 binding domain of gD2 is altered so that the virus is impaired for infecting neural cells, but not epithelial cells,in vitroand is impaired for infecting dorsal root ganglia in mice (K. Wang, J. D. Kappel, C. Canders, W. F. Davila, D. Sayre, M. Chavez, L. Pesnicak, and J. I. Cohen, J Virol 86:12891–12902, 2012, doi:10.1128/JVI.01055-12). Here we report that the mutations in HSV2-gD27 were stable when the virus was passaged in cell culture and during acute infection of mice. HSV2-gD27 was attenuated in mice when it was inoculated onto the cornea, intramuscularly (i.m.), intravaginally, and intracranially. Vaccination of mice i.m. with HSV2-gD27 provided better inhibition of challenge virus replication in the vagina than when the virus was used to vaccinate mice intranasally or subcutaneously. Comparison of i.m. vaccinations with HSV2-gD27 versus gD2t in adjuvant showed that HSV2-gD27 induced larger reductions of challenge virus replication in the vagina and reduced latent viral loads in dorsal root ganglia but induced lower serum neutralizing antibody titers than those obtained with gD2t in adjuvant. Taken together, our data indicate that a live attenuated HSV-2 vaccine impaired for infection of neurons provides better protection from vaginal challenge with HSV-2 than that obtained with a subunit vaccine, despite inducing lower titers of HSV-2 neutralizing antibodies in the serum.IMPORTANCEGenital herpes simplex is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases. Though HSV-2 disease is usually mild, it can be life threatening in neonates and immunocompromised persons. In addition, genital herpes increases the frequency of HIV infection and transmission. HSV-2 maintains a latent infection in sensory neurons and cannot be cleared with antiviral drugs. The virus frequently reactivates, resulting in virus shedding in the genital area, which serves as a source for transmission. A prophylactic vaccine is needed to prevent disease and to control the spread of the virus. Previous human trials of subunit vaccines have been unsuccessful. Here we report the results of vaccinating mice with a new type of live attenuated HSV-2 vaccine that is impaired for infection of neurons and provides better protection of mice than that obtained with a subunit vaccine. The strategy of altering the cell tropism of a virus is a new approach for a live attenuated vaccine.