bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear Zone Controlled Sulfide-gold Occurrences and their Fluid Inclusion Characteristics in the Northern part of Eastern Dharwar Craton, Southern India
Authors: Prabhakar B. C. , Shareef Mohamed 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Brittle to semi-brittle shear zones near Gogalgatti, Mincheri and Yerjanti villages in the northern part of Eastern Dharwar craton show sporadic sulfide and gold occurrences. These shear zones are confined to a late Archaean (2.5 Ga) granitoid complex, consisting of TTG gneisses and granite plutons. Intense mylonitization, brecciation and fracturing are conspicuous in all the three shear zones. The mineralization is of disseminated type and the ore minerals are confined to fracture filling quartz veins. The veins are mainly parallel to the shear zones with minor veins showing cross- cutting relationship. The observed sulfide minerals in decreasing order of abundance are pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, tennantite and sphalerite with minor oxide minerals represented by specular hematite. Random chip sampling in Gogalgatti shear zone gave gold values from 0.52 to 0.65 ppm. However, similar sampling from Mincheri has not indicated any gold, though one of the polished sections of the samples from this area showed an exsolved gold globule within arsenopyrite.
In the mineralized veins of these shear zones, primary inclusions of both type I (H2O) and type II (H2O-CO2) are more conspicuous. Secondary inclusions, though present, are mostly affected by deformation. Sulfide minerals are associated with moderate to high saline, type I fluids formed in the early stage of mineralization in all the three shear zones, whereas gold precipitated from high saline (28 -30 wt% NaCl eqvi. in Gogalgatti and ~29% wt% NaCl eqvi. in Mincheri) type II fluids in the later stages, in Gogalgatti and Mincheri shear zones. The temperature of fluid ascent has been determined to be 100 - 200° C in epithermal conditions of mineralization at a depth of 150 to 200 m. Granitoids, in which these shear zones are located, form the main source of hydrothermal fluids, which ascented and precipitated in the structural domains.
Integrated Gravity-Magnetic Study for Delineation of Structural Guided Uranium Mineralization Zones at Kutni, Purulia, West Bengal
Authors: Mandal Animesh , Mohanty William K. , Sharma Shashi Prakash 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The hydrothermally altered vein type uranium mineralization has been reported at different places along the South Purulia Shear Zone (SPSZ) towards 50 km north of the Singhbhum Shear Zone. An integrated close grid gravity-magnetic study over nearly one km2 area between Kutni and Dandudih villages within this shear zone has been performed to delineate the detail structural features, depth continuation, and associated uranium mineralization zones. The observed Bouguer and calculated residual gravity anomaly map depicts an ESE-WNW (on the east) to E-W (on west) trending low gravity zone on the extreme northern side of the area. The total field magnetic anomaly map also depicts the presence of high anomaly patches which is in accordance with the field observation of the exposed iron oxides (e.g. magnetite and goethite) over the same part of the study area. The 2D inverse modeling across the northern low residual gravity anomaly zones reveals steeply dipping low density structures with dip due north, south or vertical at places. The NS widths of these zones vary from 50-300 m with maximum probable depth extent of ~220 m. Previous researcher has also reported high radioactivity over the exposed quartz-magnetite-apatite bands on the northern part of the area. This band is exactly coinciding with the presently identified low gravity and high magnetic anomaly zones. These anomaly zones on the northern part of the study area are concluded to be hydrothermally altered uranium mineralization target zones. Thus, the results of this study will provide important guiding parameters for the future exploration programme over this region.
Electrical Resistivity Survey and Shallow Subsurface Geological Study in Hard Rock Terrain, Southern India
Authors: Anbazhagan S. , Indhirajith R. , Maheshwaran S. Uma , Jothibasu A. , Venkatesan A. , Ramesh V. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The shallow sub-surface condition of the hard rock terrain is highly heterogeneous and it requires investigation of geology at close interval. The purpose of the present work is to interpret the shallow sub-surface geology to a limited depth (&lt;100m) and to reveal the thickness of the various layers through electrical resistivity survey. In this context, the Nallampalli block located in Dharmapuri district, Southern India is selected. The area is mostly covered by gneissic and charnockitic rocks. In addition to resistivity survey, well inventory data was also collected from field investigations. The thickness of various sub-surface layers such as weathered zone, partially weathered zone, fractured zone and depth to bedrock were estimated. The estimated thickness and resistivity values were correlated with well inventory data. The average resistivity values for weathered, partially weathered, fractured and massive formations in the block are 55Ωm, 96Ωm, &lt;303Ωm and &gt;400Ωm respectively. The average depth to massive rock in the block is 38m below ground level (bgl). Remote sensing data were utilized to assess the sub-surface condition to a limited extent. The results obtained from the electrical resistivity survey and well inventory data have appreciable correlation.
Major, Trace and REE Characteristics of the High Grade Gold Geochemical Reference Material from Middle Reef, Hutti Gold Mines, Karnataka
Authors: Rao D.V. Subba , Balaram V. , Sangurmath Prabhakar , Satyanarayanan M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The geological, petrological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Hutti high-grade gold reference material representing the composite sample of sheared gold-sulphide bearing smoky-grey quartz vein hosted in felsic volcanics (Middle Reef) and hydrothermal altered wall rocks are investigated in the present work. Petrological studies on these rocks reveal the presence of deformed quartz ribbons, plagioclase, chlorite, biotite, stipnomelane, actinolite and abundant native gold, arsenopyrite, pyrite and minor scheelite, monazite and xenotime. The major, trace and REE geochemistry of the host barren rhyolites are interpreted as low Yb adakitic variety which show high Ba, Cr, V and Ni concentrations. REE patterns of the gold-sulphide bearing quartz reef is characterized by a pronounced positive Eu anomaly, LREE depletion and nearly flat HREE with a low total REE which indicate possible contribution from deep-seated fluids to the ore-forming process. These patterns also suggest a source which is enriched in Eu and depleted in LREE either due to crystal fractionation or the formation of scheelite. The associated hydrothermally altered wall rocks from proximal zone, exhibit flat REE patterns coupled with high concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, V, Sc and Ni indicating their derivation from secondary epigenetic fluids responsible for metasomatic alteration. The abundant barren schistose amphibolites from distal zone represent enriched type of island arc basalts (IAB). The trace, REE-HFSE data on the rhyolite (adakite) and IAB of Middle Reef in the Hutti schist belt substantiates the inference that Archaean subduction processes in an island arc/convergent margin setting are responsible for adakitic magmatism.
Evolution of the Ultramafic Rocks of the Rakhabdev and Jharol Belts in Southeastern Rajasthan, India: New Evidences from Imagery Mapping, Petro-minerological and O-H Stable Isotope Studies
Authors: Purohit Ritesh , Bhu Harsh , Sarkar Arindam , Ram Joga 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The Rakhabdev and Jharol ultramafics occur within the Palaeoproterozoic Aravalli Supergroup in north-western Indian shield. A discontinuous curvilinear regional outcrop pattern of the ultramafics of the Rakhabdev lineament and Jharol belts is observed in LANDSAT imagery. Ultramafics of both the belts show similar mineral assemblages comprising mainly antigorite and serpentine both of which have undergone extensive chloritization. Serpentine often shows alteration to dolomite and talc. Dominance of olivine and lizardite is observed in the Rakhabdev ultramafics, whereas magnetite and actinolite-tremolite are predominantly present in the Jharol ultramafics. Coherence is observed in the O and H stable isotope of ultramafics in both the belts which suggests uniformity in the process of serpentinization. Similar mineral assemblages and stable isotope compositions imply that serpentinization of ultramafics in both the belts evolved from same source under analogous coexisting conditions.
Prospect and Play Analysis of the ‘Alpha Area’, Central Swamp 1 Depobelt, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Mode Ayonma W. , Ezetoha Nnaemeka O. , Onuoha Kalu M. , Anyiam Okwudiri A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstrac:
This study focuses on how prospect and play analysis can be used to provide the most reliable information at every phase in hydrocarbon exploration. It involves mapping the geographic, stratigraphic and temporal extent of the petroleum system by focusing on the area with good prospectivity for drilling hydrocarbons. The exercise is important in understanding the hydrocarbon occurrence and varying differences in the geochemistry of oil and gas. The prospectivity review of the prospects within the study area was carried out using existing well data and 3D seismic data. The results show a prolific hydrocarbon occurrence in the area. The study further identified a new prospect called ‘Prospect Z’ which contains both gas and oil accumulation. The reservoirs of ‘Prospect Z’ have thin oil rims overlain by gas cap. The recoverable gas and oil volumes for the new prospect are estimated at 4438.84Bscf and 0.39MMSTB respectively.
Dust Storms in Kazakhstan: Frequency and Division
Authors: Issanova Gulnura , Abuduwaili Jilili , Kaldybayev Azamat , Semenov Oleg , Dedova Tatiana 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Dust/sand storm is a common phenomenon in arid and semi-arid regions of Kazakhstan, especially in its southern parts, where areas are covered by a great variety of deserts and are a powerful source of mineral and salt aerosols. We considered the long-term meteorological data and satellite images on dust storms recurrence and their regional division in Kazakhstan. On the basis of generalization and analyses of the numerous cartographic materials, meteorological observations and satellite images, we identified seats of the powerful sources of dust/sand/salt storms. We found areas in Kazakhstan with the highest frequency of dust storms. These are Pre-Aral Karakum and Aralkum deserts; Kyzylkum and Moiynkum deserts; Ryn sands (northern Caspian plain); and southern Pre-Balkhash deserts. The most active source of dust storms is located in sandy deserts or in areas, which have suffered from human activity. Dust storms have a great negative impact on soil conditions and they are particularly dangerous for the environment.
Assessment and Presentation of a Treatment Method to Seepage Problems of the Alluvial Foundation of Ghordanloo Dam, NE Iran
Authors: Hossein Hedayati Talouki , Gholam Reza Lashkaripour , Mohammad Ghafoori , Abbas Ali Saba 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The objective of this research is to assess the seepage problems in the Ghordanloo dam foundation and to present a proper method of water-proofing. The dam will be built on the Atrak river in the northeast of Iran. The abutments of this dam will be contructed on limestone and shale that belong to the lower Cretaceous. The maximum thickness of the alluvium in the dam axis is up to 60 meters. Due to the presence of large thickness of alluvium, with various permeabilities in the dam foundation, it is necessary to prevent seepage through the dam foundation. Hence, based on the results of Lofran tests the permeability of alluvium was determined. According to the results, the permeability of the alluvium was between 10-2 to 10-6 cm/s. Then, the dam body and its alluvial foundations were modeled using the SEEP/W software. Potential of water seepage, at different positions and depths of the cutoff wall, was also determined on the basis of numerical analyses. Finally, based on the amount of seepage, values for hydraulic gradient and safety factors, a proper method of water-proofing was proposed.
An integrated hard- and soft-ware triboelectrochemical test rig for tribocorrosion experiments
Authors: Bellantonio Marc 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Tribocorrosion is a degradation mechanism resulting from the interaction of mechanical (wear) and chemical (corrosion) phenomena. This interaction leads to surface damage that does not correspond to the simple sum of wear and corrosion taken separately. Testing tribocorrosion of material pairings thus requires the capability not only to control the mechanical and chemical test parameters but also to identify the relative contribution of corrosion and wear in the overall material degradation. This paper describes a novel laboratory tribocorrosion test set-up combining in one experiment the control of mechanical input (load, velocity, and frequency) and output (friction and wear) parameters as well as the control of corrosion phenomena through a series of dedicated electrochemical methods (open circuit, potentiostatic and potentiodynamic measurements). The possibilities offered by this set-up are illustrated by selected case studies.
Leaf-surface wax of desert plants as a potential lubricant additive
Authors: Xia Yanqiu , Xu Xiaochun , Feng Xin , Chen Guoxiong 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Using an MFT-R4000 tester at room temperature, the leaf-surface wax of two desert plants, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (AM) and Reaumuria soongorica (RS), was extracted and evaluated for its potential as a lubricant additive in polyalphaolefin (PAO) for steel-steel contact. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify the composition of the AM leaf-surface wax, and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate its friction mechanisms. The results suggest that the leaf-surface wax could successfully reduce the friction and wear of steel-steel sliding pairs compared with PAO containing molybdenum dithiocarbamate additives. AM, in particular, showed high-performance wear resistance and friction-reducing properties. Its excellent tribological properties were attributed to the wax composition of leaf-surface fatty acids, alcohol, and esters.
Parental attachment, self‐control, and depressive symptoms in Chinese and Italian adolescents: Test of a mediation model
Authors: Li Jian‐Bin , Delvecchio Elisa , Lis Adriana , Nie Yan‐Gang , Di Riso Daniela 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe current study investigated the relationship between parental attachment and depressive symptoms as well as the mediating effect of self‐control in two different cultures. Samples were 1305 Chinese and 1327 Italian adolescents. They completed the Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment, the Self‐Restraint Subscale of the Adolescents' Self‐Consciousness Scale, and the Children's Depression Inventory that assessed parental attachment, self‐control, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Results showed that: (1) Few cultural differences in depressive symptom were observed. (2) Parental attachment and self‐control were negatively related to depressive symptoms in both cultures. (3) Self‐control mediated the relations between parental attachment and depressive symptoms in both cultures. (4) The direct and indirect effects were invariant across cultures. In conclusion, parental attachment and self‐control are important for adolescents' depressive symptoms in Chinese and Italian adolescents.
Minimally invasive transnasal approach to infratemporal fossa abscess
Authors: Nomura K , Hidaka H , Takata Y , Katori Y 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground:Infratemporal fossa abscess following odontogenic infection is not rare, and usually occurs as a sequela of dental disease. Infratemporal fossa abscess was previously treated with the combination of buccal incision and temporal incision, or via a transoral approach.Method:This paper reports a case of infratemporal fossa abscess in a 51-year-old female.Results:The abscess was drained transnasally via an endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy approach, preserving the inferior turbinate and nasolacrimal duct. The pain remitted the next day and trismus had diminished in one week.Conclusion:The transnasal approach with endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy is a direct, minimally invasive method that provides a direct field of view for drainage of infratemporal fossa abscess. This approach is recommended for infratemporal fossa abscess.
Effect on patient anxiety of lidocaine infiltration into nasal packing after septoplasty: prospective, controlled study
Authors: Sahin C , Aras H I 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjective:This prospective, controlled study investigated the effect on patient anxiety of lidocaine infiltration into nasal packing following septoplasty.Methods:The study included 50 patients who underwent septoplasty operation. Patient anxiety levels were measured 24 hours pre-operatively; 48 hours post-operatively, before saline or lidocaine infiltration; and 15 minutes after lidocaine or saline infiltration into the packing. The patients were asked to mark their level of pain during pack removal on a visual analogue scale.Results:Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores for lidocaine infiltration patients were: 15.1 ± 7.4 pre-operatively; 16 ±7.6 post-operatively, before infiltration; and 13.7 ± 6.6 at 15 minutes after infiltration. The scores for saline infiltration patients were: 16.3 ± 6.8 pre-operatively, 16.4 ± 5.5 before infiltration and 16.1 ± 6.1 after infiltration. The visual analogue scale pain score was 5.3 ± 2.0 in the lidocaine study group and 7.5 ± 1.8 in the control saline group.Conclusion:Infiltration of lidocaine into nasal packing significantly reduced patient pain. Patients developed mild to moderate anxiety before nasal packing removal. Use of techniques without nasal packing can be recommended after septoplasty to ease patient post-operative discomfort.
A case-control study of risk factors for death from 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1): is American Indian racial status an independent risk factor?
Authors: HENNESSY T. W. , BRUDEN D. , CASTRODALE L. , KOMATSU K. , ERHART L. M. , THOMPSON D. , BRADLEY K. , O'LEARY D. R. , McLAUGHLIN J. , LANDEN M. ,   the Investigative Team
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYHistorically, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations have suffered excess morbidity and mortality from influenza. We investigated the risk factors for death from 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in persons residing in five states with substantial AI/AN populations. We conducted a case-control investigation using pandemic influenza fatalities from 2009 in Alaska, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Wyoming. Controls were outpatients with influenza. We reviewed medical records and interviewed case proxies and controls. We used multiple imputation to predict missing data and multivariable conditional logistic regression to determine risk factors. We included 145 fatal cases and 236 controls; 22% of cases were AI/AN. Risk factors (P < 0·05) included: older age [adjusted matched odds ratio (mOR) 3·2, for >45 years vs. <18 years], pre-existing medical conditions (mOR 7·1), smoking (mOR 3·0), delayed receipt of antivirals (mOR 6·5), and barriers to healthcare access (mOR 5·3). AI/AN race was not significantly associated with death. The increased influenza mortality in AI/AN individuals was due to factors other than racial status. Prevention of influenza deaths should focus on modifiable factors (smoking, early antiviral use, access to care) and identifying high-risk persons for immunization and prompt medical attention.
Seroincidence of non-typhoid Salmonella infections: convenience vs. random community-based sampling
Authors: EMBORG H.-D. , SIMONSEN J. , JØRGENSEN C. S. , HARRITSHØJ L. H. , KROGFELT K. A. , LINNEBERG A. , MØLBAK K. 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYThe incidence of reported infections of non-typhoid Salmonella is affected by biases inherent to passive laboratory surveillance, whereas analysis of blood sera may provide a less biased alternative to estimate the force of Salmonella transmission in humans. We developed a mathematical model that enabled a back-calculation of the annual seroincidence of Salmonella based on measurements of specific antibodies. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroincidence in two convenience samples from 2012 (Danish blood donors, n = 500, and pregnant women, n = 637) and a community-based sample of healthy individuals from 2006 to 2007 (n = 1780). The lowest antibody levels were measured in the samples from the community cohort and the highest in pregnant women. The annual Salmonella seroincidences were 319 infections/1000 pregnant women [90% credibility interval (CrI) 210–441], 182/1000 in blood donors (90% CrI 85–298) and 77/1000 in the community cohort (90% CrI 45–114). Although the differences between study populations decreased when accounting for different age distributions the estimates depend on the study population. It is important to be aware of this issue and define a certain population under surveillance in order to obtain consistent results in an application of serological measures for public health purposes.
CBCT image guidance in head and neck irradiation: the impact of daily and weekly imaging protocols
Authors: Nyarambi Innocencia , Chamunyonga Crispen , Pearce Andrew 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the impact of a daily and weekly image-guided radiotherapy protocols in reducing setup errors and setting of appropriate margins in head and neck cancer patients.Materials and methodsInterfraction and systematic shifts for the hypothetical day 1–3 plus weekly imaging were extrapolated from daily imaging data from 31 patients (964 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans). In addition, residual setup errors were calculated by taking the average shifts in each direction for each patient based on the first three shifts and were presumed to represent systematic setup error. The clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margins were calculated using van Herk formula and analysed for each protocol.ResultsThe mean interfraction shifts for daily imaging were 0·8, 0·3 and 0·5 mm in the S-I (superior-inferior), L-R (left-right) and A-P (anterior-posterior) direction, respectively. On the other hand the mean shifts for day 1–3 plus weekly imaging were 0·9, 1·8 and 0·5 mm in the S-I, L-R and A-P direction, respectively. The mean day 1–3 residual shifts were 1·5, 2·1 and 0·7 mm in the S-I, L-R and A-P direction, respectively. No significant difference was found in the mean setup error for the daily and hypothetical day 1–3 plus weekly protocol. However, the calculated CTV to PTV margins for the daily interfraction imaging data were 1·6, 3·8 and 1·4 mm in the S-I, L-R and A-P directions, respectively. Hypothetical day 1–3 plus weekly resulted in CTV–PTV margins of 5, 4·2 and 5 mm in the S-I, L-R and A-P direction.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that a daily CBCT protocol reduces setup errors and allows setup margin reduction in head and neck radiotherapy compared to a weekly imaging protocol.