bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Blood Glucose Measurements in Detecting Venous Compromise in Flaps
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Mustehsan , Tayyab Zahid , Afzal Saira , Khan Farid Ahmad 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Due to limitations of the current methods for monitoring flap circulation, newer methods with better diagnostic accuracy are needed. A drop in blood glucose levels within flap is a simple method that can be widely used; however, this method has been examined only in small cohorts. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of blood glucose measurements within flaps in early detection of venous compromise. We sampled 127 pedicled and free flaps, including replants, performed on patients between 12 and 60 years of age. Within flap blood glucose measurements were performed using pinprick and a blood glucose meter at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after operation. Daily examination for clinical signs of venous compromise was used to determine flap viability for up to 7th day after operation. Of the 127 flaps, 76 (60%) were performed on men and the mean age ± standard deviation of the patients was 35.8 ± 12.1 years. A cut-off value of 62 mg/dL was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Using this cut-off value, the sensitivity and positive predictive values of within flap blood glucose for determining venous compromise were 90% and 91%, respectively, whereas the specificity and negative predictive values were 78% and 76%, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy of within flap blood glucose was 87%. We conclude that blood glucose measurement within flap has acceptable diagnostic accuracy and should be used for early detection of venous compromise.
Impact of Injury Mechanisms on Patterns and Management of Facial Fractures
Authors: Greathouse S. Travis , Adkinson Joshua M. , Garza Ramon , Gilstrap Jarom , Miller Nathan F. , Eid Sherrine M. , Murphy Robert X. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Mechanisms causing facial fractures have evolved over time and may be predictive of the types of injuries sustained. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of mechanisms of injury on the type and management of facial fractures at our Level 1 Trauma Center. The authors performed an Institutional Review Board–approved review of our network's trauma registry from 2006 to 2010, documenting age, sex, mechanism, Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Scale, facial fracture patterns (nasal, maxillary/malar, orbital, mandible), and reconstructions. Mechanism rates were compared using a Pearson χ
2 test. The database identified 23,318 patients, including 1686 patients with facial fractures and a subset of 1505 patients sustaining 2094 fractures by motor vehicle collision (MVC), fall, or assault. Nasal fractures were the most common injuries sustained by all mechanisms. MVCs were most likely to cause nasal and malar/maxillary fractures (P < 0.01). Falls were the least likely and assaults the most likely to cause mandible fractures (P < 0.001), the most common injury leading to surgical intervention (P < 0.001). Although not statistically significant, fractures sustained in MVCs were the most likely overall to undergo surgical intervention. Age, number of fractures, and alcohol level were statistically significant variables associated with operative management. Age and number of fractures sustained were associated with operative intervention. Although there is a statistically significant correlation between mechanism of injury and type of facial fracture sustained, none of the mechanisms evaluated herein are statistically associated with surgical intervention.

Clinical Question/Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic, III.
Communications Between the Trigeminal Nerve and the Facial Nerve in the Face
Authors: Hwang Kun , Yang Su Cheol , Song Ju Sung 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The aim of the article is to elucidate the communications between the trigeminal nerve and facial nerve in the face. In a PubMed search, 328 studies were found using the terms ‘trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, and communication.’ The abstracts were read and 39 full-text articles were reviewed. Among them, 11 articles were analyzed.
In the studies using dissection, the maxillary branch (V2) had the highest frequency (95.0% ± 8.0%) of communication with the facial nerve, followed by the mandibular branch (V3) (76.7% ± 38.5%). The ophthalmic branch (V1) had the lowest frequency of communication (33.8% ± 19.5%). In a Sihler stain, all of the maxillary branches and mandibular branches had communications with the facial nerve and 85.7% (12/14 hemifaces) of the ophthalmic branches had communications. The frequency of communications between the trigeminal nerve and facial nerve were significantly higher (P = 0.00, t-test) in the studies using a Sihler stain (94.7% ± 1.1%) than the studies using dissection (76.9 ± 35.8).
The reason for the significantly higher frequency of trigeminal-facial communication in the studies using a Sihler stain is because of the limitation of the Sihler stain itself. This technique cannot differentiate the motor nerves from sensory nerves at the periphery, and a crossover can be misinterpreted as communication near to nerve terminal.
Assessment of the Facial Soft Tissue Thickness of the Patients Affected by Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Celikoglu Mevlüt , Buyuk S. Kutalmiş , Sekerci A. Ercan 
Published: June 2015

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the soft tissue thickness of the patients affected by unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to compare the findings with a matched control group without cleft using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods:
The study sample consisted of 66 patients (31 women and 35 men) divided into 2 groups as UCLP group (34 patients; 23 men and 11 women; 9 right sided and 25 left sided; mean age: 14.11 ± 3.48 years) and control group (32 patients; 12 men and 20 women; mean age: 15.10 ± 3.13 years) without any cleft. Angular angle between Nasion-A line and Nasion-B line (ANB), angle between Sella-Nasion line and Gonion-Menton line (SN-MP) and linear (glabella, nasion, rhinion, subnasale, labrale superius, stomion, labrale inferius, labiomentale, pogonion, and gnathion) measurements were done using CBCT. Student t test was performed to compare the variables between the groups.

Results:
Soft tissue thickness values for men were higher in both groups, except for rhinion and glabella. Subnasale for women (P = 0.000), men (P = 0.006), and total samples (P = 0.000) and the variable of the labrale superius for men (P = 0.047) and total samples (P = 0.040) were found to be statistically significantly thinner in the UCLP group. SN-MP had significant affect on subnasale thickness (R
2 = 15.8; Beta = −0.397; P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
Thickness of the subnasale and the labrale superius were found to be statistically significantly thinner in the UCLP group compared with the controls.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Improve Survival of Random Pattern Cutaneous Flaps in Radiation Damaged Skin
Authors: Hasdemir Mustafa , Agir Hakan , Eren Guler Gamze , Aksu Maksut Gorkem , Alagoz Murat Sahin , Duruksu Gokhan , Saglam Ozlem , Karaöz Erdal 
Published: June 2015

Background:
Tissue ischemia and necrosis following surgery after radiotherapy on the skin and subcutaneous tissue are well known to all reconstructive surgeons. Nevertheless, there has been no report so far on local effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on random flap survival elevated in an irradiated rat dorsum. In this experimental study, we aimed to identify the effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cell injection on random flap survival in irradiated tissues.

Methods:
Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from the groin region of Sprague-Dawley rats and expanded ex vivo for 3 passages. Animals were divided into 2: irradiated and nonirradiated and then again into ADSC injected and noninjected groups altogether 4 groups. After elevation of caudally based dorsal random skin flaps (10 cm long and 3 cm wide), Green fluorescent protein labeled ADSCs were then injected to the base of the pedicle. Radiotherapy was 20 Gy single dose applied during 8 weeks before surgery. At postoperative day 7, flap viability measurement and tissue harvest for histologic and immunocytochemical assessment were performed in all groups.

Results:
We have observed increased flap viability in ADSCs injected irradiated group compared with control radiation group with small but not statistically significantly increase in vessel count per field. Mean survival rate of the flaps in groups A, B, C, and D were 40.46%, 60.07%, 40.90%, and 56.13%, respectively. There was a statistically significant vessel count difference between group B and group A and also with group D (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that ADSCs have a potential for enhancing the blood supply of random pattern skin flaps after radiation injury. This mechanism might be both neovascularization and vasodilation along with endothelial repair. Further studies are needed.
Cranial Base and Posterior Cranial Vault Asymmetry After Open and Endoscopic Repair of Isolated Lambdoid Craniosynostosis
Authors: Zubovic Ema , Woo Albert S. , Skolnick Gary B. , Naidoo Sybill D. , Smyth Matthew D. , Patel Kamlesh B. 
Published: June 2015

Background:
Previous studies have shown that open cranial vault remodeling does not fully address the endocranial deformity. This study aims to compare endoscopic-assisted suturectomy with postoperative molding helmet therapy to traditional open reconstruction by quantifying changes in cranial base morphology and posterior cranial vault asymmetry.

Methods:
Anthropometric measurements were made on pre- and 1-year postoperative three-dimensionally reconstructed computed tomography scans of 12 patients with unilateral lambdoid synostosis (8 open and 4 endoscopic-assisted). Cranial base asymmetry was analyzed using: posterior fossa deflection angle (PFA), petrous ridge angle (PRA), mastoid cant angle (MCA), and vertical and anterior–posterior (A–P) displacement of external acoustic meatus (EAM). Posterior cranial vault asymmetry was quantified by volumetric analysis.

Results:
Preoperatively, patients in the open and endoscopic groups were statistically equivalent in PFA, PRA, MCA, and A–P EAM displacement. At 1 year postoperatively, open and endoscopic patients were statistically equivalent in all measures. Mean postoperative PFA for the open and endoscopic groups was 6.6 and 6.4 degrees, PRA asymmetry was 6.4 and 7.6%, MCA was 4.0 and 3.2 degrees, vertical EAM displacement was −2.3 and −2.3 millimeters, and A–P EAM displacement was 6.8 and 7.8 millimeters, respectively. Mean volume asymmetry was significantly improved in both open and endoscopic groups, with no difference in postoperative asymmetry between the 2 groups (P = 0.934).

Conclusions:
Patients treated with both open and endoscopic repair of lambdoid synostosis show persistent cranial base and posterior cranial vault asymmetry. The results of endoscopic-assisted suturectomy with postoperative molding helmet therapy are similar to those of open calvarial vault reconstruction.
A novel test for detecting gene-gene interactions in trio studies
Authors: Balliu Brunilda , Zaitlen Noah 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEpistasis plays a significant role in the genetic architecture of many complex phenotypes in model organisms. To date, there have been very few interactions replicated in human studies due in part to the multiple hypothesis burden implicit in genome-wide tests of epistasis. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to develop the most powerful tests possible for detecting interactions. In this work we develop a new gene-gene interaction test for use in trio studies called the trio correlation (TC) test. The TC test computes the expected joint distribution of marker pairs in offspring conditional on parental genotypes. This distribution is then incorporated into a standard one degree of freedom correlation test of interaction. We show via extensive simulations that our test substantially outperforms existing tests of interaction in trio studies. The gain in power under standard models of phenotype is large, with previous tests requiring more than twice the number of trios to obtain the power of our test. We also demonstrate a bias in a previous trio interaction test and identify its origin. We conclude that the TC test shows improved power to identify interactions in existing, as well as emerging, trio association studies. The method is publicly available atwww.github.com/BrunildaBalliu/TrioEpi.
Approaches to estimating inbreeding coefficients in clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from genomic sequence data
Authors: Amenga-Etego Lucas , Li Ruiqi , O’Brien John D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe advent of whole-genome sequencing has generated increased interest in modeling the structure of strain mixture within clinicial infections ofPlasmodium falciparum(Pf). The life cycle of the parasite implies that the mixture of multiple strains within an infected individual is related to the out-crossing rate across populations, making methods for measuring this processin situcentral to understanding the genetic epidemiology of the disease. In this paper, we show how to estimate inbreeding coefficients using genomic data from Pf clinical samples, providing a simple metric for assessing within-sample mixture that connects to an extensive literature in population genetics and conservation ecology. Features of theP. falciparumgenome mean that some standard methods for inbreeding coefficients and related F-statistics cannot be used directly. Here, we review an initial effort to estimate the inbreeding coefficient within clinical isolates ofP. falciparumand provide several generalizations using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. The Bayesian approach connects these estimates to the Balding-Nichols model, a mainstay within genetic epidemiology. We provide simulation results on the performance of the estimators and show their use on ~ 1500 samples from the PF3K data set. We also compare the results to output from a recent mixture model for within-sample strain mixture, showing that inbreeding coefficients provide a strong proxy for the results of these more complex models. We provide the methods described within an open-sourceRpackagepfmix.
Photosynthetic Genes and Genes Associated with the C4 Trait in Maize Are Characterized by a Unique Class of Highly Regulated Histone Acetylation Peaks on Upstream Promoters
Authors: Perduns Renke , Horst-Niessen Ina , Peterhansel Christoph 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Histone modifications contribute to gene regulation in eukaryotes. We analyzed genome-wide histone H3 Lysine (Lys) 4 trimethylation and histone H3 Lys 9 acetylation (two modifications typically associated with active genes) in meristematic cells at the base and expanded cells in the blade of the maize (Zea mays) leaf. These data were compared with transcript levels of associated genes. For individual genes, regulations (fold changes) of histone modifications and transcript levels were much better correlated than absolute intensities. When focusing on regulated histone modification sites, we identified highly regulated secondary H3 Lys 9 acetylation peaks on upstream promoters (regulated secondary upstream peaks [R-SUPs]) on 10% of all genes. R-SUPs were more often found on genes that were up-regulated toward the blade than on down-regulated genes and specifically, photosynthetic genes. Among those genes, we identified six genes encoding enzymes of the C4 cycle and a significant enrichment of genes associated with the C4 trait derived from transcriptomic studies. On the DNA level, R-SUPs are frequently associated with ethylene-responsive elements. Based on these data, we suggest coevolution of epigenetic promoter elements during the establishment of C4 photosynthesis.
Real-space multiple-scattering Hubbard model calculations ford- andf-state materials
Authors: Vorwerk Christian , Jorissen Kevin , Rehr John , Ahmed Towfiq 
Published: June 2015

Calculations are presented of the electronic structure and X-ray spectra of materials with correlatedd- andf-electron states based on the Hubbard model, a real-space multiple-scattering formalism and a rotationally invariant local density approximation. Values of the Hubbard parameter are calculatedab initiousing the constrained random-phase approximation. The combination of the real-space Green's function with Hubbard model corrections provides an efficient approach to describe localized correlated electron states in these systems, and their effect on core-level X-ray spectra. Results are presented for the projected density of states and X-ray absorption spectra for transition metal- and lanthanide-oxides. Results are found to be in good agreement with experiment.
A sustainable e-service quality model
Authors: Stamenkov Gjoko , Dika Zamir 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– Providing high service quality is a necessary but insufficient criterion for success. Service quality must be sustained longitudinally. The purpose of this paper is to propose a sustainable e-service quality model by presenting results from a mixed-method study conducted in the Republic of Macedonia’s banking industry. Sustainable e-service quality is the ability to deliver services continually with sustainable high quality, and the ability to manage and maintain customer satisfaction and loyalty. The authors scrutinized sustainable quality from an e-services perspective.Design/methodology/approach– Based on interview data, a theoretical model is developed. The model is examined empirically using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. As a sample, the authors chose one bank, with internal, e-services customers as a unit of analysis.Findings– Results support a sustainable e-service quality model, confirming that it captures the effect of the internal domain (i.e. quality management system, business/ICT alignment, ICT capabilities, ICT service climate, and e-service quality), and predicts the external domain (satisfaction and loyalty).Research limitations/implications– This study was conducted in one bank that is among the best in the country. This limitation implies a need for validation across varying contexts, markets, and countries.Practical implications– Practitioners can deploy the model as a diagnostic tool for organizational root-cause analysis of reduced performance and decreased customer satisfaction. The model answers a question regarding unfulfilled expectations of many companies that implement quality management systems: Why did the system fail to improve organizational performance or service quality?Originality/value– The result of this research is a sustainable e-service quality model. The model highlights relationships among factors, and provides a research foundation for elaboration in other contexts.
Time‐scale dependency of host plant biomass‐ and trait‐mediated indirect effects of deer herbivory on a swallowtail butterfly
Authors: Takagi Shun , Miyashita Tadashi 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Despite recent attempts to quantify the relative strength of density‐ and trait‐mediated indirect effects, rarely has the issue been properly addressed at the population level. Most research is based on short‐term small‐scale experiments in which behavioural and/or physiological responses prevail.

Here, we estimated the time‐scales during which density‐ and trait‐mediated effects manifest, as well as the strength of these effects, using an interaction chain with three organisms (deer–plant–butterfly).

A hierarchical Bayesian model was performed by using a long‐term data set of deer density in the Boso Peninsula, central Japan (where local densities differ spatially and temporally) as well as densities of the swallowtail butterfly Byasa alcinous and its host plant Aristolochia kaempferi. The time‐scale effect of deer on plant quantity and quality was estimated according to the degree of carry‐over effects.

The negative influence on leaf density showed a temporal saturation pattern over the long term, while the positive influence on leaf quality due to resprouting of leaves after deer browsing showed no clear temporal trend. The net indirect effect changed from positive to negative with time, with the negative density‐mediated effect becoming prominent in the long term.

Our novel approach is widely applicable in assessing the dynamic impacts of wildlife if the spatio‐temporal variability of expansion and/or invasion history is known.
The developmental race between maturing host plants and their butterfly herbivore – the influence of phenological matching and temperature
Authors: Posledovich Diana , Toftegaard Tenna , Wiklund Christer , Ehrlén Johan , Gotthard Karl 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Interactions between herbivorous insects and their host plants that are limited in time are widespread. Therefore, many insect–plant interactions result in a developmental race, where herbivores need to complete their development before plants become unsuitable, while plants strive to minimize damage from herbivores by outgrowing them.

When spring phenologies of interacting species change asymmetrically in response to climate warming, there will be a change in the developmental state of host plants at the time of insect herbivore emergence. In combination with altered temperatures during the subsequent developmental period, this is likely to affect interaction strength as well as fitness of interacting species.

Here, we experimentally explore whether the combined effect of phenological matching and thermal conditions influence the outcome of an insect–host interaction. We manipulated both developmental stages of the host plants at the start of the interaction and temperature during the subsequent developmental period in a model system of a herbivorous butterfly, Anthocharis cardamines, and five of its Brassicaceae host plant species.

Larval performance characteristics were favoured by earlier stages of host plants at oviposition as well as by higher developmental temperatures on most of the host species. The probability of a larva needing a second host plant covered the full range from no influence of either phenological matching or temperature to strong effects of both factors, and complex interactions between them. The probability of a plant outgrowing a larva was dependent only on the species identity.

This study demonstrates that climatic variation can influence the outcome of consumer–resource interactions in multiple ways and that its effects differ among host plant species. Therefore, climate warming is likely to change the temporal match between larval and plant development in some plant species, but not in the others. This is likely to have important implications for host plant use and possibly influence competitive relationships.