bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Age- and Sex-Adjusted Reference Intervals of Urinary Markers for Cerebral Creatine Deficiency Syndromes: A Novel Approach to the Definition of Reference Intervals
Authors: Mørkrid Lars , Rowe Alexander D , Elgstoen Katja B P , Olesen Jess H , Ruijter George , Hall Patricia L , Tortorelli Silvia , Schulze Andreas , Kyriakopoulou Lianna , Wamelink Mirjam M C , van de Kamp Jiddeke M , Salomons Gajja S , Rinaldo Piero 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Urinary concentrations of creatine and guanidinoacetic acid divided by creatinine are informative markers for cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes (CDSs). The renal excretion of these substances varies substantially with age and sex, challenging the sensitivity and specificity of postanalytical interpretation.

METHODS
Results from 155 patients with CDS and 12 507 reference individuals were contributed by 5 diagnostic laboratories. They were binned into 104 adjacent age intervals and renormalized with Box–Cox transforms (Ξ). Estimates for central tendency (μ) and dispersion (σ) of Ξ were obtained for each bin. Polynomial regression analysis was used to establish the age dependence of both μ[log(age)] and σ[log(age)]. The regression residuals were then calculated as z-scores = {Ξ − μ[log(age)]}/σ[log(age)]. The process was iterated until all z-scores outside Tukey fences ±3.372 were identified and removed. Continuous percentile charts were then calculated and plotted by retransformation.

RESULTS
Statistically significant and biologically relevant subgroups of z-scores were identified. Significantly higher marker values were seen in females than males, necessitating separate reference intervals in both adolescents and adults. Comparison between our reconstructed reference percentiles and current standard age-matched reference intervals highlights an underlying risk of false-positive and false-negative events at certain ages.

CONCLUSIONS
Disease markers depending strongly on covariates such as age and sex require large numbers of reference individuals to establish peripheral percentiles with sufficient precision. This is feasible only through collaborative data sharing and the use of appropriate statistical methods. Broad application of this approach can be implemented through freely available Web-based software.
Copy Number Assessment by Competitive PCR with Limiting Deoxynucleotide Triphosphates and High-Resolution Melting
Authors: Zhou Luming , Palais Robert A , Paxton Christian N , Geiersbach Katherine B , Wittwer Carl T 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
DNA copy number variation is associated with genetic disorders and cancer. Available methods to discern variation in copy number are typically costly, slow, require specialized equipment, and/or lack precision.

METHODS
Multiplex PCR with different primer pairs and limiting deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) (3–12 μmol/L) were used for relative quantification and copy number assessment. Small PCR products (50–121 bp) were designed with 1 melting domain, well-separated Tms, minimal internal sequence variation, and no common homologs. PCR products were displayed as melting curves on derivative plots and normalized to the reference peak. Different copy numbers of each target clustered together and were grouped by unbiased hierarchical clustering.

RESULTS
Duplex PCR of a reference gene and a target gene was used to detect copy number variation in chromosomes X, Y, 13, 18, 21, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric (SMN1), and survival of motor neuron 2, centromeric (SMN2). Triplex PCR was used for X and Y and CFTR exons 2 and 3. Blinded studies of 50 potential trisomic samples (13, 18, 21, or normal) and 50 samples with potential sex chromosome abnormalities were concordant to karyotyping, except for 2 samples that were originally mosaics that displayed a single karyotype after growth. Large cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7) (CFTR) deletions, EGFR amplifications, and SMN1 and SMN2 copy number assessments were also demonstrated. Under ideal conditions, copy number changes of 1.11-fold or lower could be discerned with CVs of about 1%.

CONCLUSIONS
Relative quantification by restricting the dNTP concentration with melting curve display is a simple and precise way to assess targeted copy number variation.
Tandem mass spectrometric determination of purine metabolites and adenosine deaminase activity for newborn screening of ADA–SCID
Authors: Al-Dirbashi Osama Y. , Ogrel Svetlana , McIntosh Nathan , Higgins Lauren , McRoberts Christine , Fisher Larry , Bulman Dennis E. , Geraghty Michael T. , Chakraborty Pranesh 
Published: March 2015

Background: Screening newborns for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) aims for early identification and treatment of the affected newborns. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, a defect in the purine metabolic pathway, is a major cause of SCID and is characterized by the accumulation of adenosine (Ado) and deoxyadenosine (dAdo) in dried blood spots (DBSs). If left untreated, infants with this disorder are at risk of life-threatening infections. Analysis of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) in DBS samples is the gold-standard screening method. However, TREC analysis is insufficient to determine SCID etiology, and a fraction of ADA–SCID may not be detected.Methods: We used the original DBS screening sample to measure Ado, dAdo, and ADA activity. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine was used as an ADA inhibitor to imitate ADA deficiency, making it possible to create quality control material with pathological enzyme activity and metabolite levels. Quantification was achieved by tandem mass spectrometric analysis with a run time of 2.5 min.Results: The 95th percentile reference intervals (n = 588) of Ado and dAdo were 0.9–3.0 and 0.1–0.4 µmol/L, respectively. The 95th percentile reference interval (n = 200) of ADA activity using13C10,15N5Ado and15N5dAdo as substrates were 0.8–1.6 and 0.4–0.7 pmol/DBS, respectively. In confirmed ADA patients (n = 4), Ado and dAdo were significantly elevated, whereas ADA activity was almost absent.Conclusion: These novel methods are applied, in our lab, to samples with low TRECs, with no false negative or false positives encountered to date. The potential of using these methods as a primary screening approach for ADA–SCID is in the process of validation.Statement of novelty: New mass spectrometric methods to simultaneously measure adenosine, deoxyadenosine, guanosine, and deoxguanosine, as well as ADA activity in neonatal DBS samples have been developed. This methodology highlights the metabolic nature of ADA–SCID and complements TREC analysis by providing additional biochemical information.
Some remarks about the summability of nonlocal nonlinear problems
Authors: Barrios Begoña , Peral Ireneo , Vita Stefano 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this note, we will study the problem
(-Δ)
p

s

u = f(x) on Ω, u = 0 in ℝ
N
∖Ω,
where 0 < s < 1, (-Δ)
p

s
is the nonlocal p-Laplacian defined below, Ω is a smooth bounded domain.
The main point studied in this work is to prove, adapting the techniques used in [`Basic estimates for solution of elliptic and parabolic equations for a class of nonlocal operators', Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., to appear] for the case p = 2 to the general case p ∈ (1, +∞), the summability of the finite energy solutions in terms of the summability of a source term f(x). The aim of this note is to present the results in a way as elementary as possible.
On ℓ1-Regularization in Light of Nashed's Ill-Posedness Concept
Authors: Flemming Jens , Hofmann Bernd , Veselić Ivan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Based on the powerful tool of variational inequalities, in recent papers convergence rates results on ℓ1-regularization for ill-posed inverse problems
have been formulated in infinite dimensional spaces under the condition that the sparsity assumption slightly fails, but the solution is still in ℓ1. In the present paper, we improve those convergence rates results and apply them to the Cesáro operator equation in ℓ2 and to specific denoising problems.
Moreover, we formulate in this context relationships between Nashed's types of ill-posedness and mapping properties like
compactness and strict singularity.
Pulmonary intravascular macrophages: prime suspects as cellular mediators of porcine CARPA
Authors: Csukás Domokos , Urbanics Rudolf , Wéber György , Rosivall László , Szebeni János 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPigs provide a highly sensitive and quantitative in vivo model for complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA), a hypersensitivity reaction caused by some state-of-art nanomedicines. In an effort to understand the mechanism of the pigs’ unique sensitivity for CARPA, this review focuses on pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs), which are abundantly present in the lung of pigs. These cells represent a macrophage subpopulation whose unique qualities explain the characteristic symptoms of CARPA in this species, most importantly the rapidly (within minutes) developing pulmonary vasoconstriction, leading to elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure. The unique qualities of PIM cells include the following; 1) they are strongly adhered to the capillary walls via desmosome-like intercellular adhesion plaques, which secure stable and lasting direct exposition of the bulk of these cells to the blood stream; 2) their ruffled surface engaged in intense phagocytic activity ensures efficient binding and phagocytosis of nanoparticles; 3) PIM cells express anaphylatoxin receptors, this way C activation can trigger these cells, 4) they also express pattern recognition molecules on their surface, whose engagement with certain coated nanoparticles may also activate these cells or act in synergy with anaphylatoxins and, finally 5) their high metabolic activity and capability for immediate secretion of vasoactive mediators upon stimulation explain the circulatory blockage and other robust physiological effects that their stimulation may cause. These qualities taken together with reports on liposome uptake by PIM cells during CARPA and the possible presence of these cells in human lung suggests that PIM cells may be a potential therapeutic target against CARPA.
Redox regulation of T-cell receptor signaling
Authors: Simeoni Luca , Bogeski Ivan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractT-cell receptor (TCR) triggering by antigens activates a sophisticated intracellular signaling network leading to transcriptional activation, proliferation and differentiation of T cells. These events ultimately culminate in adaptive immune responses. Over recent years it has become evident that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in T-cell activation. It is now clear that ROS are involved in the regulation of T-cell mediated physiological and pathological processes. Upon TCR triggering, T cells produce oxidants, which originate from different cellular sources. In addition, within inflamed tissues, T cells are exposed to exocrine ROS produced by activated phagocytes or other ROS-producing cells. Oxidative modifications can have different effects on T-cell function. Indeed, they can stimulate T-cell activation but they can be also detrimental. These opposite effects of oxidation likely depend on different factors such as ROS concentration and source and also on the differentiation status of the T cells. Despite the well-stablished fact that ROS represent important modulators of T-cell activation, the precise molecular mechanisms of their action are far from clear. Here, we summarize the present knowledge on redox regulation of T-cell function with a particular emphasis on the redox regulation of TCR signaling.
On the mitigating function of modality and evidentiality. Evidence from English and Spanish medical research papers
Authors: Alonso-Almeida Francisco 
Published: March 2015

AbstractScientific writing presents a set of rhetorical strategies to effectively express mitigation of claims. Critical analysis includes epistemic modality and evidentiality within these attenuating devices. In my view, the basis for these inclusions lies in a truth-value interpretation of the data. In the present article, my main objective is to show that, while epistemic modality can indeed convey mitigation of a proposition, evidentiality does not behave in a similar way. My intention is also to demonstrate following Cornillie and Delbecque (2008) that the use of evidentiality is to show the authors' construal of information rather than to imply authorial commitment to or indecision regarding the information presented. To this end, I will produce two different analyzes of the same data when coming to the description of evidentials, one that concerns a pragmatic interpretation. The study is conducted on a corpus of English and Spanish medical research articles from which instances of epistemic and evidential devices with a scope over a proposition are excerpted. The use of a contrastive analysis is twofold: first I want to detect preferences for any of these devices in two different languages, and second I also aim to discover whether these devices report a similar behavior in both cultures.
On Hall embedded subgroups of finite groups
Authors: Monakhov Victor , Kniahina Viktoryia 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A subgroup H of a finite group G is said to be Hall normally
embedded in G if there is a normal subgroup N of G such that H is a
Hall subgroup of N. Adolfo Ballester-Bolinches and ShouHong Qiao
[(Arch. Math. 102 (2014), 109–111] proved that a group G has
a Hall normally embedded subgroup of order |B| for each subgroup B of G if and only if
the nilpotent residual of G is cyclic of square-free
order. This is the answer to a problem posed by Li and Liu
[J. Algebra
388 (2013), 1–9]. We prove that the nilpotent residual of a finite group G is cyclic
of square-free order if for each
p ∈ π(G), and for each subgroup B with the Sylow
p-subgroups of order p, there exists an S-permutable
subgroup with a Hall subgroup of order |B|.
Evaluation of absorbed dose in Gadolinium neutron capture therapy
Authors: Abdullaeva Gayane , Djuraeva Gulnara , Kim Andrey , Koblik Yuriy , Kulabdullaev Gairatulla , Rakhmonov Turdimukhammad , Saytjanov Shavkat 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Gadolinium neutron capture therapy (GdNCT) is
used for treatment of radioresistant malignant tumors. The
absorbed dose in GdNCT can be divided into four primary
dose components: thermal neutron, fast neutron, photon
and natural gadolinium doses. The most significant
is the dose created by natural gadolinium. The amount of
gadolinium at the irradiated region is changeable and depends
on the gadolinium delivery agent and on the structure
of the location where the agent is injected. To de-
fine the time dependence of the gadolinium concentration
ρ(t) in the irradiated region the pharmacokinetics of
gadolinium delivery agent (Magnevist) was studied at intratumoral
injection in mice and intramuscular injection
in rats. A polynomial approximation was applied to the experimental
data and the influence of ρ(t) on the relative
change of the absorbed dose of gadolinium was studied.
Morphology of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)–polyvinyl alcohol extrusion films
Authors: Ol’khov Anatoly A. , Iordanskii Alexey L. , Danko Tamara P. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The morphology of extruded films based on blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was studied for various compositions. The methods of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray analysis were used. The phase-sensitive characteristics of the composite films, diffusion and water vapor permeability were also investigated. Processes of binding of water and swelling cause the first areas; processes of a relaxation and transition of structure of composites to an equilibrium condition, the second. In addition, the tensile modulus and relative elongation-at-break were measured. Changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the blends and constant melting points of the components show their partial compatibility in intercrystalline regions. At a content of PHB in the composite films equal to 20–30% wt., the mechanical characteristics and water diffusion coefficients are dramatically changed. This fact, along with the analysis of the X-ray diffractograms, indicates a phase inversion in the above narrow concentration interval. The complex pattern of the kinetic curves of water vapor permeability is likely to be related to additional crystallization, which is induced in the composite films in the presence of water.
Positron and γ-ray intensities in the decay of 45Ti
Authors: Kuhn Sebastian , Spahn Ingo , Scholten Bernhard , Coenen Heinz H. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
To evaluate the PET-imaging properties of the promising positron emitter 45Ti, its β
+- and γ-ray
intensities were measured. Use of the cation-exchange resin DOWEX 50W×8 (H+-form) enabled the isolation of radiochemically
pure, no-carrier-added 45Ti from “bulk” scandium after proton bombardment. Thin, no-carrier-added 45Ti
samples were prepared. The combination of γ-ray and X-ray spectrometry with γγ-coincidence counting allowed for the
first time the experimental determination of the positron intensity as (85.67 ± 2.23)% and the absolute intensity of the
720.22 keV γ-ray as (0.1171 ± 0.0057)%.
Role of Advertising and Consumer Interest in the Motion Picture Industry
Authors: Huang Dongling , Strijnev Andrei , Ratchford Brian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAdvertising is commonly used as a major marketing tool by many firms to support their new product release. Quantifying the effectiveness of pre-release advertising campaigns, however, is both challenging, since no sales data are available, and costly, because of the need to conduct consumer surveys. This is especially true for movie industry for which the majority of advertising dollars are spent before the movie’s release. Using the recent availability of online data on consumer search behaviors on a popular website dedicated to the movie industry, we construct a consumer interest measure to help the decision makers evaluate their advertising effectiveness. We build a dynamic model to show how this cost-efficient measure of consumer interest can be used to capture pre-release advertising dynamics, and the impact of advertising on weekly movie revenues starting with the opening week. Using a procedure based on
Über den Bruch der chemischen Bindung in Bromokomplexen der Edelmetalle als Folge des 80BrKernisomeren-Übergangs
Authors: Herr W. , Schmidt G. B. 
Published: March 2015

An den 50mBr-markierten Hexabromokomplexen der vierwertigen Metalle Re, Os, Ir und Pt sowie den Pentamminbromokomplexen des Co, Rh und Ir wurde der als Folge des 80Br-Kernisomeren-Überganges abtrennbare Prozentsatz von freien 80gBr- -Ionen gemessen. Während an den festen Hexabromokomplexen keine Trennung beobachtet wurde, konnten wir dagegen an den kristallinen Pentamminbromokomplexen des Co, Rh und Ir 88, 80 bzw. 75% der 80gBr-Tochter-Aktivität abtrennen. Bei 150 °C beobachteten wir an der Rh-Verbindung 51% Retention gegenüber 20% bei 20 °C.
In Lösung fanden wir je nach Art des Komplexes charakteristische Werte (79—92%) für die 80gBr- -Ausbeute. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß auch in Lösung für die jeweilige Retention Stabilisierungsprozesse bestimmend sind. Den empfindlichen [PtBr6]--Komplex konnten wir hingegen nur in Gegenwart von Br-Austausch-Inhibitoren (wie K2[IrCl6] , K3 [Fe (CN)6] , Br2 , Cl2 usw.) untersuchen. Allerdings beeinflussen diese Stoffe selbst die Ausbeute an 60gBr-. Im Pt-System ließen sich in H2SO4-saurer Lösung je nach Art des Inhibitors 55 — 72% 80gBr- abtrennen. Weiterhin wurde gefunden, daß hier die 80gBr- -Ausbeute mit der freien Halogenionenkonzentration der Lösung auf maximal 85% ansteigt. Zugabe von Aceton oder Methanol wirkt ausbeuteerhöhend. Die Befunde werden als Folge der hohen positiven Aufladung des vom Kernprozeß betroffenen 80gBr-Atoms diskutiert. Am Pt-System werden zusätzlich „aktivierte” Halogenaustausch-Reaktionen und Reaktionen „angeregter“ Komplexionen angenommen.
Elektrostatische Stabilität eines nicht-maxwellschen homogenen Plasmas
Authors: Pfirsch D. 
Published: March 2015

For studying the electrostatic stability or instability of a homogeneous plasma with a non-MAXWELLian velocity distribution of the electrons and ions, both undisturbed distribution functions are expanded into a series of HERMitian polynomials multiplied by a GAussian function. By this procedure the dispersion-relation derived from the linearized VLASOV equation is expressed by the coefficients of that expansion and by the temperature and the mean velocity of the electrons and ions. This dispersion-relation is discussed numerically for certain sets of these parameters which in particular include the effect of run-away electrons. They cause an instability just at the moment when they lead to a second maximum in the undisturbed distribution function. This second maximum does not have to be very large to get rather high growth rates (∼ 0.05 ωρ in the examples given) for the unstable modes, the real part of the frequency being of the order ωρ and the wave length of the order of the DEBYE length.
The critical mean velocity for the onset of two-stream instability of the electrons against the ions tends to increase (rather than diminish) by the run-away electrons, contrary to what one might expect on first sight.
Biosynthese von Carotinoiden bei Chlorella
Authors: Claes Hedwig 
Published: March 2015

The mutant strain of Chlorella (strain 5/520) recently described synthesizes wild type carotenoids in light only. When the dark grown mutant is transferred into light, synthesis of α- and β-carotene proceeds as well in the absence as in the presence of O2, whereas synthesis of xanthophylls is dependent on light and molecular O2
2, 3.
The experiments described below indicate that
1. the final oxydative steps of the light dependent xanthophyll synthesis of Chlorella are in fact dark reactions following light reactions, the latter occurring also in N2;
2. immediate precursors of xanthophylls are accumulated anaerobically in light which in the presence of molecular O2 can be oxydised to xanthophylls in the dark;
3. Xanthophyll synthesis in the dark is always accompanied by a strictly corresponding decrease of α- and β-carotene accumulated in the previous light period. This would indicate that α- and β-carotene are the immediate precursors of xanthophylls in green cells.
Untersuchungen über den Einfluß der Photosynthese auf die Austauschvorgänge innerhalb des Hexosemoleküls
Authors: Kandler Otto , Gibbs Martin 
Published: March 2015

Positionsmarkierte Glucose (Glucose-1-14C, -2-14C, -6-14C) wurde zu Chlorella-Suspensionen gegeben und nach längerer Inkubation im Dunkeln oder im Licht unter verschiedenen Gasphasen wurde die zu Polysaccharid aufgebaute Glucose extrahiert. Durch Abbau mit Leuconostoc mesenteroides wurde die Verteilung der Radioaktivität innerhalb des Glucosemoleküls bestimmt.
Im Dunkeln wurden etwa 10% der Radioaktivität nach den homologen C-Atomen der jeweils anderen Hexosehälfte ausgetauscht. Weitere 10% fanden sich in den übrigen C-Atomen. Im Licht ohne CO2 war der Austausch generell auf mehr als die Hälfte vermindert. Zusatz von CO2 im Licht ergab eine Steigerung des Austausches zu den symmetrisch gelegenen homologen C-Atomen, aber eine starke Verminderung der übrigen Austauschvorgänge. Die bekannten Aldolase- und Transketolase-Reaktionen vermögen die gefundenen Verteilungen weitgehend, aber nicht in quantitativer Hinsicht befriedigend zu erklären. Die Entstehung einer asymmetrischen Verteilung der Radioaktivität bei Photosynthese in 14CO2 auf Grund von Rückreaktionen einer primär symmetrisch markierten Hexose ist auf Grund dieser Befunde nicht wahrscheinlich.