bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleus accumbens dopaminergic neurotransmission switches its modulatory action in chronification of inflammatory hyperalgesia
Authors: Dias Elayne Vieira , Sartori César Renato , Marião Paula Ramos , Vieira André Schwambach , Camargo Lilian Calili , Athie Maria Carolina Pedro , Pagliusi Marco Oreste , Tambeli Claudia Herrera , Parada Carlos Amilcar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens, a central component of the mesolimbic system, has been associated with acute pain modulation. As there is a transition from acute to chronic pain (‘chronification’), modulatory structures may be involved in chronic pain development. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the role of nucleus accumbens dopaminergic neurotransmission in chronification of pain. We used a rat model in which daily subcutaneous injection of prostaglandin E2 in the hindpaw for 14 days induces a long‐lasting state of nociceptor sensitization that lasts for at least 30 days following the end of the treatment. Our findings demonstrated that the increase of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens by local administration of GBR12909 (0.5 nmol/0.25 μL), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, blocked prostaglandin E2‐induced acute hyperalgesia. This blockade was prevented by a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (raclopride, 10 nmol/0.25 μL) but not changed by a D1 receptor antagonist (SCH23390, 0.5, 3 or 10 nmol/0.25 μL), both co‐administered with GBR12909 in the nucleus accumbens. In contrast, the induction of persistent hyperalgesia was facilitated by continuous infusion of GBR12909 in the nucleus accumbens (0.021 nmol/0.5 μL/h) over 7 days of prostaglandin E2 treatment. The development of persistent hyperalgesia was impaired by SCH23390 (0.125 nmol/0.5 μL/h) and raclopride (0.416 nmol/0.5 μL/h), both administered continuously in the nucleus accumbens over 7 days. Taken together, our data suggest that the chronification of pain involves the plasticity of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens, which switches its modulatory role from antinociceptive to pronociceptive.
Antinociceptive effects of methadone combined with detomidine or acepromazine in horses
Authors: Lopes C. , Luna S. P. L. , Rosa A. C. , Quarterone C. , Crosignani N. , Taylor P. M. , Pantoja J. C. , Puoli J. N. P. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyTo investigate two protocols to provide antinociception in horses.ObjectivesTo evaluate the antinociceptive effects of intravenous methadone combined with detomidine or acepromazine in adult horses.Study designRandomised, blinded, crossover study.MethodsMechanical, thermal and electrical stimuli were applied to the dorsal left and right metacarpus and coronary band of the left thoracic limb, respectively. A thermal stimulus was applied caudal to the withers. The horses were treated with saline (C), a combination of methadone (0.2 mg/kg bwt) and detomidine (10 μg/kg bwt) (MD) or methadone (0.2 mg/kg bwt) and acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg bwt) (MA) at 1 week intervals. Nociceptive thresholds were measured before and at 15 min intervals until 150 min after treatment. Wilcoxon rank‐sum and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare data between groups at each time point and over time within each group, followed by the Bonferroni method to adjust the P value.ResultsThe mechanical stimulus was the most sensitive test to differentiate the antinociceptive effects of the treatments. Mechanical thresholds were greater after MD than MA between 15 and 30 min and with both MD and MA these thresholds were greater than C from 15 to 60 min. Electrical and thermal limb thresholds were greater after MD than C at 15 and 45 min and at 15, 30, 45, 75 and 105 min, respectively. Thermal limb thresholds were greater with MA than C at 30 min. Thoracic thermal threshold in MD and MA were higher than C at 45, 75, 90 and 120 min and from 30 to 75 min, respectively.ConclusionsMethadone and acepromazine produced less pronounced mechanical antinociception than MD.
Identification of novel dipeptidyl peptidase 9 substrates by two‐dimensional differential in‐gel electrophoresis
Authors: Zhang Hui , Maqsudi Sadiqa , Rainczuk Adam , Duffield Nadine , Lawrence Josie , Keane Fiona M. , Justa‐Schuch Daniela , Geiss‐Friedlander Ruth , Gorrell Mark D. , Stephens Andrew N. 
Published: July 2015

Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a member of the S9B/DPPIV (DPP4) serine protease family, which cleaves N‐terminal dipeptides at an Xaa‐Pro consensus motif. Cytoplasmic DPP9 has roles in epidermal growth factor signalling and in antigen processing, whilst the role of the recently discovered nuclear form of DPP9 is unknown. Mice lacking DPP9 proteolytic activity die as neonates. We applied a modified 2D differential in‐gel electrophoresis approach to identify novel DPP9 substrates, using mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking endogenous DPP9 activity. A total of 111 potential new DPP9 substrates were identified, with nine proteins/peptides confirmed as DPP9 substrates by MALDI‐TOF or immunoblotting. Moreover, we also identified the dipeptide Val‐Ala as a consensus site for DPP9 cleavage that was not recognized by DPP8, suggesting different in vivo roles for these closely related enzymes. The relative kinetics for the cleavage of these nine candidate substrates by DPP9, DPP8 and DPP4 were determined. This is the first identification of DPP9 substrates from cells lacking endogenous DPP9 activity. These data greatly expand the potential roles of DPP9 and suggest different in vivo roles for DPP9 and DPP8.
NPY‐Y1 coexpressed with NPY‐Y5 receptors modulate anxiety but not mild social stress response in mice
Authors: Longo A. , Oberto A. , Mele P. , Mattiello L. , Pisu M. G. , Palanza P. , Serra M. , Eva C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Y1 and Y5 receptors for neuropeptide Y have overlapping functions in regulating anxiety. We previously demonstrated that conditional removal of the Y1 receptor in the Y5 receptor expressing neurons in juvenile Npy1rY5R−/− mice leads to higher anxiety but no changes in hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenocortical axis activity, under basal conditions or after acute restraint stress. In the present study, we used the same conditional system to analyze the specific contribution of limbic neurons coexpressing Y1 and Y5 receptors on the emotional and neuroendocrine responses to social chronic stress, using different housing conditions (isolation vs. group‐housing) as a model. We demonstrated that control Npy1r2lox male mice housed in groups show increased anxiety and hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenocortical axis activity compared with Npy1r2lox mice isolated for six weeks immediately after weaning. Conversely, Npy1rY5R−/− conditional mutants display an anxious‐like behavior but no changes in hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenocortical axis activity as compared with their control littermates, independently of housing conditions. These results suggest that group housing constitutes a mild social stress for our B6129S mouse strain and they confirm that the conditional inactivation of Y1 receptors specifically in Y5 receptor containing neurons increases stress‐related anxiety without affecting endocrine stress responses.
BHPMF – a hierarchical Bayesian approach to gap‐filling and trait prediction for macroecology and functional biogeography
Authors: Schrodt Franziska , Kattge Jens , Shan Hanhuai , Fazayeli Farideh , Joswig Julia , Banerjee Arindam , Reichstein Markus , Bönisch Gerhard , Díaz Sandra , Dickie John , Gillison Andy , Karpatne Anuj , Lavorel Sandra , Leadley Paul , Wirth Christian B. , Wright Ian J. , Wright S. Joseph , Reich Peter B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimFunctional traits of organisms are key to understanding and predicting biodiversity and ecological change, which motivates continuous collection of traits and their integration into global databases. Such trait matrices are inherently sparse, severely limiting their usefulness for further analyses. On the other hand, traits are characterized by the phylogenetic trait signal, trait–trait correlations and environmental constraints, all of which provide information that could be used to statistically fill gaps. We propose the application of probabilistic models which, for the first time, utilize all three characteristics to fill gaps in trait databases and predict trait values at larger spatial scales.InnovationFor this purpose we introduce BHPMF, a hierarchical Bayesian extension of probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF). PMF is a machine learning technique which exploits the correlation structure of sparse matrices to impute missing entries. BHPMF additionally utilizes the taxonomic hierarchy for trait prediction and provides uncertainty estimates for each imputation. In combination with multiple regression against environmental information, BHPMF allows for extrapolation from point measurements to larger spatial scales. We demonstrate the applicability of BHPMF in ecological contexts, using different plant functional trait datasets, also comparing results to taking the species mean and PMF.Main conclusionsSensitivity analyses validate the robustness and accuracy of BHPMF: our method captures the correlation structure of the trait matrix as well as the phylogenetic trait signal – also for extremely sparse trait matrices – and provides a robust measure of confidence in prediction accuracy for each missing entry. The combination of BHPMF with environmental constraints provides a promising concept to extrapolate traits beyond sampled regions, accounting for intraspecific trait variability. We conclude that BHPMF and its derivatives have a high potential to support future trait‐based research in macroecology and functional biogeography.
Higher Education and the Creative Economy: Creative Graduates, Knowledge Transfer and Regional Impact Debates
Authors: Comunian Roberta , Gilmore Abigail , Jacobi Silvie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper highlights the growing importance of interdisciplinary research at the intersection between higher education, creative industries and growth of regional creative economies. The paper not only focuses specifically on the UK context but also encompasses issues of further international interest and debate. It undertakes a review of existing literature on the cultural role of higher education institutions (HEIs) and points to recent research on HEIs' increasing importance for embedding creative graduates into a region. We not only illustrate how this area of research aligns with the concepts of the ‘creative city’ and the ‘creative class’ but also consider how talent attraction and retention processes include HEIs and art schools as part of a richer understanding of the creative economy as a contextualised production system. Furthermore, we investigate the role of HEIs as so‐called ‘third spaces’ for creative knowledge transfer, which in recent years has become a popular cultural and higher education strategy to address the difficulties of feeding creative and cultural knowledge into the wider economy. The paper concludes by highlighting future avenues for cross‐disciplinary research in three areas: communities of practice, local stakeholder management and a shared community agenda, to inform further policy and development in this area.
Public Participatory GIS
Authors: Mukherjee Falguni 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPublic Participatory GIS (PPGIS) is a very broad field, and because of the direct outgrowth addressing questions raised regarding inequitable access to GIS and its societal impacts, PPGIS has become an exhaustive research area. Over the past two decades, several PPGIS initiatives have taken place in the western and non‐western world. Several avenues have opened up, but nonetheless, questions regarding the effectiveness of such initiatives remain to be answered. Current research addressing the societal and political impacts of GIS have witnessed novel use of the technology and specialized spatial data provision such as volunteered geographic information, neogeography, geoweb, and map 2.0 (Goodchild,; Elwood; Sui) and have received increased attention from GIS scholars (Goodchild; Elwood; Sui). A common thread tying such specialized use of technology is the participation by citizens with little or no GIS training, a long standing objective of the PPGIS area of inquiry. So, as we move into an era that is gravitating rapidly toward more specialized use of technology built on a similar foundation, it seems timely to reflect on the effectiveness and sustainability of PPGIS initiatives. This article reviews the history of PPGIS, its genesis, and some of the critical work within the PPGIS research arena. Finally, the paper reflects on where PPGIS stands today.
Evaluating family function in caring for a geriatric group: Family APGAR applied for older adults by home care nurses
Authors: Wang Mei‐Wen , Huang Yi‐Yu 
Published: July 2015

AimFamily function is an essential factor affecting older adults' health. However, there has been no appropriate method to assess the family function of most older adults with fragility or poor health status. The present study aimed to explore the differences and relevance of family function estimated by home care nurses and the older adults, and to determine if nurses could represent older adults to provide the estimation.MethodsStudy participants were 50 older adults who were aged older 65 years and were taken care of at home by well‐trained nurses. The present study used the Family APGAR as the questionnaire. We compared the results evaluated by the older adults and their home care nurses. The results included the level of dysfunction and the total scores of the questionnaire. The paired t‐test and McNemar–Bowker test were used for the analysis.ResultsFamily function could be leveled as “good,” “moderate dysfunction” and “severe dysfunction” according to the scores. The family function levels estimated by nurses showed no significant differences to the patients' condition (P = 0.123 > 0.05). Comparing the total scores of the older adults with those of their own home care nurses, the results showed a moderate to nearly high correlation (R = 0.689/P < 0.001). Caring time might be the factor affecting the result.ConclusionsThe present study provides a way of helping physicians to ascertain older adults' family problems much earlier and to improve the their health status by enhancing family support. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; ●●: ●●–●●.
Social risk factors for falls among rural Nigerian community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Maruf Fatai Adesina , Muonwe Chidile , Odetunde Marufat 
Published: July 2015

AimReports on social risk factors for falls are scarce. This study explored the associations of selected sociodemographic and health variables with falls among rural Nigerian community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study involved 131 community‐dwelling older adults (84 women and 47 men) recruited at an outreach center. Demographic (age, sex and marital status), social (frequency of visiting relations and friends, and number of consistent informal carers) and health (number of comorbid conditions) variables were recorded.ResultsHaving fewer than two informal carers (0.26, 95% CI 0.10–0.68) was independently associated with reduced risk for falls. Visiting relations and friends less than twice per week was independently associated with greater risks for falls (3.85, 95% CI 1.42–10.46) and recurrent falls (4.86, 95% CI 1.25–18.85).ConclusionsThe number of informal carers and frequency of social visits are risk factors for falls in older adults, and need to be taken into consideration in any strategy for fall prevention in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; ●●: ●●–●●.
Prevalence and outcomes of comorbid illnesses in elderly patients with respiratory diseases
Authors: Bahadir Ayse , Ortakoylu Mediha Gonenc , Iliaz Sinem , Kanmaz Zehra Dilek , Bagci Belma Akbaba , Iliaz Raim , Caglar Emel 
Published: July 2015

AimThe aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of comorbidities in very elderly patients hospitalized as a result of acute respiratory diseases and to analyze sex‐specific differences, and to examine the effects of these comorbidities on their treatment outcomes.MethodsA total of 3316 patients were admitted to our pulmonary inpatient clinic between 2009 and 2011, and 243 of them (aged over 80 years) with acute respiratory disease were included in our study. Data were retrospectively collected, and included demographic features, comorbidities, laboratory findings, length of hospital stay and in‐hospital mortality.ResultsIn total of 243, 144 patients (59.3%) were men and 99 patients (40.7%) were women. The mean age was 84 ± 3 years. The prevalence of comorbidity was 75.7% (n = 184). The most common comorbid disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was congestive heart failure (32.9%), and it was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (49.4%) in patients with pneumonia. The rate of having one comorbidity was 58.2% (n = 107) and 35.3% (n = 65) had two. Approximately half (52.6%) of the in‐hospital deaths occurred within the first 48 hours of hospitalization. The number of comorbidities was higher in the deceased patients compared with the living patients (P = 0.01).ConclusionsThe present study showed that the majority of our patients had at least one comorbidity. The first 48 hours of hospitalization was very important, especially for the patients with comorbidities, to determine the need for intensive care unit and prognosis. The coexistence of comorbidities can increase the risk of mortality in the elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 791–796.
Validation of a questionnaire for orthostatic hypotension for routine clinical use
Authors: Frith James , Newton Julia L 
Published: July 2015

AimTo validate a new patient‐reported outcome measure for routine clinical use.MethodsA total of 50 older individuals with orthostatic hypotension who attended a falls and syncope clinic completed three questionnaires, the recently developed Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire, the existing Orthostatic Grading Scale and the quality of life measure EQ‐5D‐5L. Validity of the Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire was tested against the aforementioned questionnaires for symptoms and for quality of life. Comorbidity was quantified using the Charlson Comorbidity Index.ResultsThe cohort of 50 individuals had a median age of 67 years (interquartile range 26–89 years) with a median Charlson Comorbidity Index of 3 (interquartile range 2–5). The total Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire Symptom Assessment score correlated strongly with the Orthostatic Grading Scale (0.616, P < 0.001) and the Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire Daily Activity Scale correlated strongly with daily activity on the EQ‐5D‐5L (0.61, P < 0.001). Using the Orthostatic Grading Scale, individuals' symptoms were categorized as mild, moderate or severe, the Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire scores were significantly different between these groups (P < 0.001). Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's apha 0.882), and ceiling or floor effects did not limit the total scores.ConclusionThe Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire is a valid patient report tool to quantify the symptom burden of people with orthostatic hypotension. Because the symptoms associated with orthostatic hypotension are frequently non‐specific, it will be a clinically useful tool to measure and quantify symptom load in people with orthostatic hypotension. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 785–790.
Responsibility and neglect in global production networks: the uneven significance of codes of conduct in Indonesian factories
Authors: BARTLEY TIM , EGELS‐ZANDÉN NIKLAS 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn response to anti‐sweatshop activism, lead firms in global production networks (GPNs) have adopted voluntary corporate social responsibility commitments such as codes of conduct. Scholars have begun to examine whether and how these shape labour conditions at the point of production, but existing research either focuses on a small number of cases or lacks a control group of factories that are not exposed to codes of conduct. In addition, scholars have sometimes suggested that codes of conduct can only influence certain types of factory conditions, or that government labour inspection can accomplish as much or more than codes. These possibilities have rarely been assessed systematically. In this article, we analyse data on 192 electronics, apparel/textile and footwear factories in Indonesia and show how the significance of codes varies across issues. Our findings also suggest that codes and government labour inspection fill different niches, although neither guarantees decent factory conditions. The findings have implications for the study of ‘labour agency’ and the ‘complementarity’ of public and private governance in GPNs.
A social licence to operate: corporate social responsibility, local communities and the constitution of global production networks
Authors: MAYES ROBYN 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article contributes to the theorization of the role of informal regulation (undertaken by leading firms) in the ongoing organization of global production networks. It does so through a qualitative case study of BHP Billiton's Ravensthorpe Nickel Operation (RNO) in the rural Shire of Ravensthorpe in Western Australia. This less tangible, and to date under‐researched, dimension of global production networks is foregrounded through a focus on the corporate social responsibility strategy implemented by RNO in the service of achieving and/or demonstrating a broader ‘social licence to operate’. This ‘licence’ functions – beyond the corporation – as a legitimated and legitimating multi‐scalar mechanism through which to gain and maintain access to mineral resources and thus to establish viable and ongoing global production networks. Further, this informal regulation is shown to shape social relations and qualities of place conducive to competitive global mineral extraction and to facilitate the positioning of local communities and places in mineral global production networks.
A systematic review of definitions and reporting of bleeding outcome measures in haemophilia
Authors: Chai‐Adisaksopha C. , Hillis C. , Thabane L. , Iorio A. 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionBleeding frequency is an important outcome commonly used in haemophilia studies. There is a variation in practice in how bleeding is measured and defined.AimThe primary objective of this study was to determine how investigators define and report bleeding outcome measures.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and the CENTRAL were searched from January 1990 to January 2014. We retrieved all published studies that included patients with haemophilia A or B and reported some measures of bleeding. Two reviewers independently performed title and abstract screening, full‐text review and data abstraction of the identified studies.ResultsA total of 118 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Study designs were randomized controlled trials (RCT; 14%), cohort (68%), cross‐sectional (5%) and others design (11%). The median duration of follow‐up (Q1, Q3) was 20 (7.9, 50) months. We found 10 different bleeding outcomes reported [absolute number of bleeding 60 (50.8%) studies, annualized bleeding rate 60 (50.8%) studies, bleed per month 10 (8.5%) studies and others 11 (9.3%) studies]. Of these, 32 (27%) studies reported only mean or median without dispersion and 33 (28%) studies did not report any measures of central tendency (dispersion).ConclusionsThere is substantial variation in definitions and measures of bleeding outcomes in the haemophilia literature. This creates difficulty and limitations in comparing the outcomes between studies and in performing meta‐analysis. The haemophilia research community needs to develop a consensus on a clear definition of bleeding and how to address the limitations associated with variations in measures of bleeding between centres and studies.