bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1129 – Suicide Risk And Psychopathology In Immigrants: The Role Of Hopelessness, Temperament, Personality, And Self-other Perception
Authors: Pompili M. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundImmigrants may experience several negative consequences as a result of their migration including discrimination, unsatisfactory economic conditions, and rejection from the host countries, which may contribute to psychiatric illness and vulnerability to suicidal behaviors. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether or not the theorized components of measured dimensions of suicidal ideation and psychopathology vary across samples of Italians and immigrants.MethodsWe investigated 310 Italians and 322 immigrants, who were administered self-report questionnaires to assess temperament (TEMPS-A), hopelessness (BHS), personality (EPQ-R), and self-other perception (9AP).ResultsMulti-group Confirmatory Factor Analysis presented a final model with an excellent fit to the data (x2(53) = 57.56; CFI = .994; RMSEA = .014), significantly better than the previous models, showing the same pattern of relationships between suicidal ideation and psychopathology across Italians and immigrants.ConclusionsAlthough immigrants represent a unique population and may experience specific stressors contributing to psychopathology and suicide risk, our findings suggest that the samples of Italians and immigrants may be more similar on the study variables under investigation than previously thought. Implications are offered for the improved identification and treatment of immigrants and resident citizens in Europe in general and in Italy in particular.
1133 – Association Between Seismicity And Mental Health: Crete, 2008–2010
Authors: Basta M. , Anagnostopoulos G. , Stefanakis Z. , Vassiliadis V. , Rigas A. , Koutsomitros S. , Papadopoulos G. , Panierakis C. , Vgontzas A.N. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionSeveral investigations have shown the influence of environmental factors, i.e. seismic activity on human health. However, no studies have focused on the effect of earthquakes on mental health. Crete is located within a rectangular region at the boundaries of Eurasian and African tectonic plates with high seismicity.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of seismic activity on mental health.AimTo explore possible association between seismic activity and rates of hospital admissions of psychotic patients.MethodsWe compared the seismic activity (EQs with magnitude M>2) in a geographical area of Crete, and admissions to the Psychiatric Inpatient Unit/ University General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete during the years 2008–2010.ResultsOur analysis showed (1) a very low rate of admissions of psychotic patients suffering from acute psychotic disorders, during the period with several great (M>6.4) and middle (4.5< M< 6.4) magnitude period earthquakes (EQs), (2) an increasing trend of admissions of acute psychotic disorders during a period with increasing number of relatively small EQs(r=0.667; p< 0.001), (3) a correlation between the number of total monthly admissions and the number of M>2 EQs.ConclusionsIt appears that strong EQs have a protective effect on the relapse of major psychiatric disorders, whereas small EQs are associated with an increasing number of relapses. We hypothesized that the beneficial/adverse effects are related to anomalous electric fields/Extra Low Frequency (ELF)-Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) emissions.
1149 – Medico-legal Acts And Demeneces In The Psychiatric Hospital Of Razi In Tunisia
Authors: Mâamri A. , Chennoufi L. , Boujemla H. , Melki W. , Ridha R. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionThe elderly in general, and those with dementia in particular are more likely to be victims of abuse, neglect or self-neglect.These demented elderly, because of biological aging, psychological disorders of character, behavior and conduct are themselves sources of violence that may lead to medico-legal.The objectives of our work are to specify the profile of mentally ill elderly dementia and identify the characteristics of their medico-legal.MethodologieOur work has focused on all patients older than 60 years hospitalized under the mode of office between 1995 and 2012 in the service of forensic Razi hospital according to article 29 of the law n° 92-83 of the third of August 1992 as amended by the law 2004-40 of 3 May 2004, following a non-legal place due to insanity within the meaning of the 38 article of the Tunisian Penal Code, and which the diagnosis of dementia was increased.ResultsOur study included 7 patients, whose average age was between 65 and 90 years. The majority being married, having a low socioeconomic level. Acts forensic being uxoricides (2 cases), attempted murder (2 cases), attempted rape (1 case), violence against people (1 case), false and corruption (1 case). Almost all committed crimes against people associated with violence.The diagnosis of dementia was retained and all patients were referred to the neurology department for further explorations.The type of dementia was noted in 4 cases: mixed dementia, Alzheimer's disease, dementia due to Huntington's disease and dementia due to Parkinson's disease.
1153 – Effectiveness And Health Economic Evaluation Of Internet-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy In Regular Psychiatric Care
Authors: El Alaoui S. , Hedman E. , Ljótsson B. , Bergström J. , Lindefors N. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionAnxiety disorders are highly prevalent and among the leading causes of the global disease burden. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment, but demand is high and resources to deliver CBT are scarce. Embracing new technologies to meet these growing needs, there is an emergent evidence base of the efficacy of internet-based CBT (ICBT).ObjectivesEvaluating (1) treatment effects, (2) cost-effectiveness and (3) cost-utility of ICBT for panic disorder.AimsTo evaluate clinical effectiveness and health economics of ICBT for patients within regular psychiatric care.MethodsLongitudinal analysis of 570 patients diagnosed with panic disorder that have been treated between 2007 and 2012 at an ICBT unit within regular psychiatric care. The ICBT was therapist-guided and lasted for three months. Clinical outcome measures were improvements in symptom severity and health related quality of life. Economic outcome measures were direct and indirect costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER).ResultsAnalyses of treatment outcome suggest significant reductions in primary symptoms of panic disorder and that ICBT is an economically and clinically effective treatment for panic disorder leading to improvement of symptom severity and quality of life for these patients.ConclusionsThe findings of this study can aid decision makers when considering options of evidence-based treatment delivery formats within psychiatric care.
1161 – Generalized Partial Directed Coherence Provides a New Description Of The Brain Functional Connectivity Across Sleep Stages
Authors: Van Wettere L. , Marinazzo D. , Lanquart J.-P. , Linkowski P. , Jurysta F. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesCerebral activity during can be approached by the measurement of functional activity in healthy young people. Functional activity reflects the statistical dependencies among near and distant brain regions by generalized partial directed coherence (GPDC).MethodsSleep stages of 9 healthy young subjects without somatic, psychiatric and sleep disorders were defined in accordance with the Rechtschaffen and Kales criteria (Wake, stages 1 to 4 and REM sleep). In regard of specific sleep EEG frequencies (delta, theta, alpha, sigma and beta), the first 20 epochs of each sleep stage were used for analysis. GPDC was applied between each electrode and each other of the 19 EEG electrodes.ResultsIn comparison to wake and REM sleep, GPDC showed increased interdependencies across each NREM sleep stage. Lower sleep EEG frequencies increased these changes. Moreover, during slow EEG rhythms, differences observed across stages were more pronounced. In addition, differences between bands were more marked during wake and sleep stages 1 and 2. None differences were observed for GPDC values between both sides of human brain. In the right hemisphere as well as in the left one, GPDC is similar between sleep stages in delta frequency while GPDC differed from wake to other sleep stages in theta, alpha, sigma and beta EEG frequencies.ConclusionsA different mapping in the three classical sleep states (Wake, NREM and REM sleep) is showed by generalized partial directed coherence in sleep EEG frequencies. Additional studies investigating the directional information flow should be performed to complete our results.
1164 – Manic Episode In The Context Of Treatment With Disulfiram: Description Of Clinical Case
Authors: Campos O. , Gomes S. , Peixoto M.L. 
Published: July 2013

The prescription of disulfiram for the treatment of alcohol dependence is common in clinical practice. This drug is an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which interferes in the alcohol metabolism by increasing blood levels of acetaldehyde and promoting an intense physical discomfort, thus reinforcing the need for alcohol withdrawal. Additionally, one metabolite of disulfiram is responsible for the inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase, and may potentiate psychotic or mood disorders even in the absence of personal or family history of psychiatric illness.This paper aims to describe the clinical case of a 45 year old man with a history of alcoholism who presented the first manic episode after initiation of treatment with disulfiram and discuss, based on a literature review, the possible association between symptoms and treatment with this drug.
1166 – What Is The Place Of Psychiatry In The Current Economic Crisis?
Authors: Campos O. , Maria P.L. , Gomes S. 
Published: July 2013

The effects of the current global economic crisis on Mental Health will have maximum impact in the forthcoming years. However, based on the experience of previous financial crises, factors such as unemployment, the reduction of mental health services due to austerity measures imposed by governments among other factors, will most likely lead to increased rates of psychiatric illness and suicide. In this context, there might be an increase in the prevalence of disorders related to alcohol consumption and other substances.Based on a review of literature on this subject, the authors propose a reflection about the possible consequences of the current economic crisis on Mental Health.
1167 – Prader-willi Syndrome Psychobehavioral Profile In a Clinic Based Sample
Authors: Ali D.H. , Effat S. , Afifi H. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundMaladaptive behaviors and cognitive impairment can be main problems in patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome. Understanding difficulties underlying the maladaptive behavior through early diagnosis and management allow tremendous improvement in the whole clinical picture.AimTo study the psychobehavioral deviations in a sample of Egyptian children with Prader-Willi syndrome and possible relation to genotype.MethodsWe included 15 out of 72 patients of both sexes, aged from 5–15 years old from the National Research Centre. All patient were fulfilling the diagnostic threshold of modified list of Prader-Willi criteria. Detailed cytogenetic analysis was done using: conventional cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes and Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization. Cognitive and psychological profile of Patients were assessed using(a)standard and semi structured psychiatric sheet and interview(b)Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,(c)Child Behavior Checklist for ages 4–18years,(d)Conner’s’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised; long version,(e)Childhood Autism Rating Scale.Results66.7 % of the patients were deletion positive and 33.3% were negative. 100% of the sample were mentally subnormal. 26.3% had autistic symptoms ranging from features to severe form, all were deletion negative. High prevalence of inattention, hyperactivity, anxiety, social, cognitive and behavioral problems were evident in the patients, manifested in more frequency and severity in non-deletion patients.ConclusionCognitive and psychological challenges were evident in PWS patients’. There were some clinical differences according to different genotypes.
1175 – The Effect Of Mk-801 On The Erk-creb Signal System In Prenatally Stressed Offspring Rats
Authors: Guan L. , Zhao X. , Zhang X. , Sun H. , Wang D. , Su Q. , Tang G. , Yang L. , Song Q. , Jia N. , Li H. , Zhu Z. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionStudies revealed that prenatal stress (PS) may increase the vulnerability to depression in their offspring, and ERK-CREB signal system might play a role in its mechanism.Objectives and aimsThe present study investigated the effect of MK-801 on depressive-like behavior and its impacts on ERK2, CREB, Bcl-2 mRNA expression in PS female rat offspring.MethodsThe pregnant rats were randomly divided into three groups, the control group (Con) was left undisturbed, the PS-saline group (PS-saline) and the PS-MK-801 group (PS-MK-801) were subjected to restraint stress on days 14–20 of pregnancy three times daily for 45 min, and received an i.p. administration of saline or MK-801(sigma, 0.2 mg/kg) 30 min before the first stress respectively. Forced swimming test was undertaken to assess depressive-like behavior in one month female offspring. ERK2, CREB, Bcl-2 mRNA in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and striatum were detected by RT-PCR.ResultsPS-saline spent significantly more immobile time compared to Con and PS-MK-801 (P < 0.05). ERK2 and CREB mRNA expression in hippocampus and frontal cortex was significantly decreased in PS-saline compared to Con and PS-MK-801 (P < 0.05), while in striatum CREB mRNA expression in PS-saline was lower than Con (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 mRNA expression in hippocampus and striatum was significantly decreased in PS-saline (P < 0.05), and in frontal cortex, its expression was significantly lower in PS-saline and PS-MK-801 (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPS may suppress ERK-CREB signal pathway in female offspring rats, which could be partly prevented by MK- 801. (Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No: 30970952).
1176 – Changes Of Metabolic Parameters After Electroconvulsive Therapy In Schizophrenia - Preliminary Results
Authors: Wysokiński A. , Kłoszewska I. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionMetabolic abnormalities are commonly associated with antipsychotics treatment and may increase prevalence of cardiovascular disorders. There are some reports that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may reduce weight in depressed patients.ObjectivesThe study is aimed at comparing metabolic safety of combination of ECT and antipsychotics with antipsychotics alone in schizophrenia.MethodsWeight, abdominal circumference, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma levels of cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, glucose, blood pressure (BP) were recorded for 12 schizophrenic subjects (4W and 8M, age 29.2±9.4 year) before (pre-ECT) and after (post-ECT) 12 to 15 bilateral ECT sessions combined with antipsychotics treatment. These were compared with data for 44 schizophrenic subjects (25W and 19M, age 35.7±13.8 year) collected before (pre-AP) and after (post-AP) in-hospital antipsychotics treatment.ResultsResults (mean±SD are given in Table 1.Table 1ConclusionsOur results might indicate that bilateral ECT neither improves nor worsens metabolic parameters in subjects with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics.
1177 – Day/night Cortisol Rhythm In Healthy Subjects
Authors: Morera-Fumero A.L. , Abreu-Gonzalez P. , Diaz-Mesa E. , Gracia-Marco R. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionBiological psychiatric research relies on the determination of biological markers. Cortisol (COR) level is one of peripheral marker frequently used in psychiatric research. COR has a well established circadian pattern of secretion, with levels peaking early in the morning. Studying circadian rhythms in big samples is challenging because of the necessity of sampling blood several times during the day. The aim of this research is to study serum COR levels at three different times of the day.Method48 drug-free, healthy subjects participated in the study. None of them had a history of medical, neurological or psychiatric disease. Blood was sampled at 09:00, 12:00 and 00:00 hours. After each extraction, blood samples were centrifuged at 3.000 rpm for 10 minutes, and serum was separated and frozen at –30°C until assayed for COR. Serum COR was determined by ELISA methods. Data are presented as mean ± SD in μg/dl.ResultsThere were significantly different serum COR levels at the different studied times (F: 131.8, p < 0.0001). Serum COR concentrations were significantly higher at 09:00 h than COR levels at 12:00 and 00:0 h (09:00 h: 11.9 ± 5.1, 12:00: 8.0 ± 3.3, 00:00: 3.9 ± 2.7, all comparisons were significant at the level of 0.05).ConclusionsSerum COR levels present clear day/night changes. It is strongly advisable to take into account this variability when researching in this field.
1179 – Late-onset Schizophrenia: Review And Case Study
Authors: Teixeira B. , Venâncio Â. , Araújo M. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionAlthough schizophrenia is generally regarded as an illness with onset in late adolescence or early adult life, a sizeable minority of patients first become ill in middle or old age. Inconsistencies in diagnostic systems and nomenclature have led to such cases occupying an ambiguous position in relation to schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo present a case study describing a late-onset schizophrenia and to clarify the position of this diagnose in the current nosology.AimsThe concept, nosological status, diagnostic and associated clinical features involved in late-onset schizophrenia are reviewed.MethodsA case report is presented in detail and a literature review of the theme is surveyed.ResultsWe report a case of a 66-year-old woman with no psychiatric background up until 2010 when she was compulsively admitted to our department due to a clinical picture, which she has been developing since 2008, of mystical and persecutory delusions and visual and auditory hallucinations (she believed she was persecuted by little witches whom insulted her and invaded her home). This led to a behavioral disturbance with intense aggressiveness and anguish. The neuropsychological evaluation didn’t detect any cognitive impairment. She was treated with high doses of an antipsychotic and discharged being medicated with injectable antipsychotic and followed in compulsory treatment.ConclusionsIn terms of epidemiology, symptom profile, and identified pathophysiology, the diagnose of late-onset schizophrenia (illness onset after 40 years of age) has face validity and clinical utility. General adoption of this category will foster systematic investigation of such patients.
1191 – Completed Audit Of Patients Receiving Individual Psychodynamic Psychotherapy And Group Therapy In a London Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Service
Authors: Tam B.K.H. , Hayes M. , Abrahams D. 
Published: July 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to audit the effectiveness of individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and group therapy in a London psychotherapy service.MethodsThe data between January 2002 and July 2012 were reviewed. Of 255 profiles with an End-of-therapy form, 121 (47.45%) patients provided analyzable data at initial assessment and last session. Data was extracted on sociodemographic and mental health characteristics, responses on End-of-Therapy form, and item scores on CORE-OM on each time of measurement.ResultsPatients who terminated prematurely did not differ from those who completed on most of the patient characteristics despite age (t=2.16, p< 0.05), risk to harm others (t=2.93, p< 0.01), percentage of attendance (t=-3.51, p< 0.01), unplanned ending (X2=30.68, p< 0.05), contextual factors (ts ranging from -2.56 to -4.84, ps< 0.05) and benefits of therapy (ts ranging from 5.29-16.18, ps< 0.05). Results indicated that IPP is effective, with a significant difference on CORE-OM (All Mann-Whitney Us range from 2697.50—4253.50, all ps< 0.001) and risk assessment (All Mann-Whitney Us range from 3161.00—3706.50, all ps< 0.001) between initial assessment and last session. However, GT patients demonstrated a significant improvement in risk assessment (All Mann-Whitney Us range from 9.00—20.50, all ps< 0.01).ConclusionsOur findings further substantiate the effectiveness of IPP. Yet, it is premature to conclude that GT is not as effective as IPP due to small sample size in this study. In fact, this audit was more difficult to carry out than anticipated due to client and data attrition. Recommendations for future audit are discussed.
1196 – The Cognitive Enhancement Effect Of Chewing Betel Nut Measured By a Continuous Performance Test
Authors: Chen S.-T. , Shen T.-W. , Chen S.-J. , Chen H.-H. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionThe pharmacological properties of betel nut which is consumed in immense quantities in the East as a cognitive enhancer. There was no evidence to prove the cognitive enhancement effect of chewing bet nut.ObjectivesWe tried to demonstrated that chewing betel nut enhanced cognitive performance, mainly attention, especially when they felt fatigue.AimsFirst, we demonstrated the fatigue effect induced by repeated continuous performance attention tests. Second, we tested the cognitive enhancement effect induced by betel nut.MethodsExperiment 1, thirty-four volunteers, naive to betel nut, performed a continuous performance test three times without chewing anything before-and-during the test. Experiment 2, seventeen subjects who are used to chew betel nut performed the same tests. During the second and third session, they were given two pieces of gums or five piece of betel nut to chew. The sequence of chewing were counterbalanced.ResultsIn experiment 1, omission error rate was significantly different between section 1 and 3. Commission error was significantly different between section 1 and 2, 3 (Figure 1). In experiment 2, omission error rate was significantly different between baseline and section of chewing betel nut (Figure 2). Commission error rate had no difference between three sections. In both experiments, reaction time of different sections had no difference.[Figue 1. The error rate of different types errors.]ConclusionsChewing betel nut could reverse the increase of omission error rate but chewing gum could not improve it. Either chewing betel nut or gum improved commission error rate. This study demonstrate the cognitive enhancement effect of chewing betel nut.
1200 – Coping Strategies Of Depressive Patients With Stress
Authors: Özarslan Z. , Keyvan A. , Fistikçi N. , Uğ urad Z.I. , Saygili S. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionRecent researches on depression attach importance to the possibility of complex and reciprocal relations between stress and depression.AimThe purpose of this study is to compare the attitudes of coping with stress of patients with depression according to the healthy control group.MethodsThe sample of the study was composed of patients applying to psychiatry out-patient clinic of Bezmialem Vakif University Medicine Faculty Hospital (n=50) and healthy controls (n=50). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Coping Strategies with Stress (COPE), Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Sociodemographic Data Form were applied to the participants.ResultsWhile scores of Positive reinterpretation and growth, Use of instrumental social support, Active coping, humor, Restraint and Planning subscales of the COPE were significantly higher in the control group, scores of Acceptance, Behavioral disengagement and Substance use subscales were significantly higher in the depression group.ConclusionsAs a result it could be argued that negative coping attitudes might be related to depressive disorder.