bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Normalized Decline Curve Analysis for Rate-Controlled Wells
Authors: Anderson Samantha , Anderson Dave , Edwards Krystina , Epp Kristina , Stalgorova Katya 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Decline curve analysis based on rate-time data is the standard method of evaluating on-shore North American oil and gas reserves. Aside from the classical hyperbolic curve fitting methodology originally proposed by Arps (1945), there have been several new empirical techniques developed for unconventional shale and tight gas reservoirs such as the stretched exponential method (Valko et al., 2010) and Duong method (Duong, 2011). The successful application of methods based only on rate data, however, is usually limited to wells with constant (or close to constant) flowing pressure. High deliverability unconventional plays such as the Haynesville and Eagle Ford are characterized by rate-controlled flow for extended periods of time. Interpretation of these flow periods using rate-time techniques can be misleading, as the bulk of the reservoir response is contained in the flowing pressure data.
In this paper, we propose a straightforward methodology for forecasting the production of high pressure unconventional wells under controlled drawdown. The methodology involves the use of a pressure normalized decline curve, and therefore requires measurement of wellhead flowing pressures. As we will show, the results are consistent with those of more complex analytical and numerical models, but the method does not require any knowledge about, nor does it make any assumptions about the physics of fluid flow in the reservoir. The approach is systematic and repeatable, making it an ideal reserves evaluation tool. The method is validated using synthetic and field data.
Application of Real Options to Valuation and Decision-making in the Petroleum E&P Industry
Authors: Xu Liying , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Dyer Jim S. , van Rensburg Willem C. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This study establishes a risk-neutral binomial lattice method to apply real options theory to valuation and decisionmaking in the petroleum exploration and production (E&P) industry under uncertain oil prices.
The research is applied to the switching time from primary to water flooding oil recovery. First, West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil price evolution in the past 25 years, from January 2, 1986 to May 28, 2010, is studied and modeled with geometric Brownian motion (GBM) and one-factor mean reversion price models. Second, production profile for primary and water flooding oil recovery for a synthetic onshore oil reservoir is generated using UTCHEM simulator. Third, the binomial lattice real options evaluation (ROE) method is established to value the project with flexibility in switching time from primary to water flooding oil recovery.
Seven results and conclusions are reached: 1) for GBM price model, the assumptions of constant drift rate and volatility do not hold for WTI oil prices; 2) one-factor mean reversion model is better to fit WTI oil prices than GBM model; 3) the evolution of WTI oil prices in the past 25 years was according to three price regimes and since 2003, the world economy has increased its tolerance to higher oil prices and to higher price fluctuation from its long run price; 4) the established ROE method can be used to identify the best time to switch from primary to water flooding oil recovery; 5) with one-factor mean reversion oil price model and the most updated cost data, the ROE method finds that water flooding switching time is earlier than that from traditional net present value optimizing method; 6) the ROE results reveal that most of time water flooding should start when oil prices are high; and 7) water flooding switching time is sensitive to oil price models and to the investment and operating costs.
The established ROE framework enhances the valuation and decision-making for petroleum E&P industry including when to switch from one enhanced oil recovery method to another and when to switch from conventional to unconventional hydrocarbon production.
Development and Evaluation of a Workplace-Based Preceptor Training Course for Pharmacy Practitioners
Authors: Woloschuk Donna M. M. , Raymond Colette B. 
Published: September 2012

Background: There has been limited research about preceptor training programs that include coaching, experiential practice or development of preceptor coaching capacity. We describe the development and evaluation of a workplace preceptor training course for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians within a large regional health authority. Methods: The instructional format was self-study readings and interactive seminars followed by structured practical experience plus feedback from a preceptor coach. During the structured practical experience, each participant served as a preceptor for a student or new staff member. Course evaluations and qualitative interviews were used to evaluate utility and perceived value among participants. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative description and themes were aggregated; illustrative quotes are presented. Results: Since 2006, a total of 40 pharmacists and technicians have participated in the course and interviews were conducted with 14 of these participants. Aspects of the course that interview participants found to be particularly useful included receiving feedback from a coach, implementing a lesson plan and identifying and using different learning and teaching styles. Some participants described changes in attitudes or behaviours toward new employees or students, the use of new learning styles and changes in focus and approach to being a preceptor. Discussion: This unique course could be applied in other workplaces where pharmacy staff members help to deliver experiential education programs. The delivery format was appropriate for a mixed group of pharmacist and technician participants. Conclusion: A preceptor training course of readings, seminars and structured practical experience with feedback from a coach resulted in satisfaction with learning experiences and evidence of attitudinal and behavioural change up to 3 years after the course. Can Pharm J 2012;145:231–236.
Advanced skin, scar and wound care centre for children: A new era of care
Authors: Burd Andrew , Huang Lin 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTAdvanced wound care centres are now a well established response to the growing epidemic of chronic wounds in the adult population. Is the concept transferable to children? Whilst there is not the same prevalence of chronic wounds in children there are conditions affecting the integumentary system that do have a profound effect on the quality of life of both children and their families. We have identified conditions involving the skin, scars and wounds which contribute to a critical number of potential patients that can justify the setting up of an advanced skin, scar and wound care centre for children. The management of conditions such as giant naevi, extensive scarring and epidermolysis bullosa challenge medical professionals and lead to new and novel treatments to be developed. The variation between and within such conditions calls for a customizing of individual patient care that involves a close relationship between research scientists and clinicians. This is translational medicine of its best and we predict that this is the future of wound care particularly and specifically in children.
Evaluation of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor as an agent for wound bed preparation in traumatic wounds
Authors: Langer Vijay , Rajagopalan S. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Background: In patients with life-threatening injuries, simple wounds requiring split-thickness skin grafts (SSG) often get neglected. These then need SSG once they are covered with granulation tissue through wound bed preparation. Traditionally, this is done by daily moist dressings. Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF) has been shown to improve healing in chronic wounds. Aim: The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of rhPDGF in wound bed preparation with the current practice of daily saline dressings. Setting and Design: A prospective randomised, single-blinded study was carried out for evaluation in traumatic wounds. Materials and Methods: The patients were randomised and divided into a control group that was subjected to saline dressings and a test group that was treated with rhPDGF gel. Both the groups were then compared. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 16.0 and the quantitative variables were analysed using unpaired "t" test, while the pre- and post-intervention effects were assessed using paired "t" test. The 95% CI values were also included. Results: Of the 155 wounds studied, time taken for appearance of granulation tissue (in days) in the test group had a mean of 13.81 ± 2.68, while that in the control group was 13.36 ± 3.81 (P = 0.401). Complete re-epithelialisation without discharge occurred in the control group with a mean value of 28.9 ± 3.67 days, while that in the test group had a mean of 31.17 ± 4.82 days. Conclusion: There was no difference in wound healing between the patients treated with rhPDGF compared to those treated by conventional moist dressings.
Medical simulation: Overview, and application to wound modelling and management
Authors: Pai Dinker R. , Singh Simerjit 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTSimulation in medical education is progressing in leaps and bounds. The need for simulation in medical education and training is increasing because of a) overall increase in the number of medical students vis-à-vis the availability of patients; b) increasing awareness among patients of their rights and consequent increase in litigations and c) tremendous improvement in simulation technology which makes simulation more and more realistic. Simulation in wound care can be divided into use of simulation in wound modelling (to test the effect of projectiles on the body) and simulation for training in wound management. Though this science is still in its infancy, more and more researchers are now devising both low-technology and high-technology (virtual reality) simulators in this field. It is believed that simulator training will eventually translate into better wound care in real patients, though this will be the subject of further research.
An update review of stem cell applications in burns and wound care
Authors: Huang Lin , Burd Andrew 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe ultimate goal of the treatment of cutaneous burns and wounds is to restore the damaged skin both structurally and functionally to its original state. Recent research advances have shown the great potential of stem cells in improving the rate and quality of wound healing and regenerating the skin and its appendages. Stem cell-based therapeutic strategies offer new prospects in the medical technology for burns and wounds care. This review seeks to give an updated overview of the applications of stem cell therapy in burns and wound management since our previous review of the "stem cell strategies in burns care".
Chronic lower limb wounds evoke systemic response of the lymphatic (immune) system
Authors: Olszewski W. L. , Jain P. , Zaleska M. , Stelmach E. , Swoboda E. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTWound healing should not be considered as a process limited only to the damaged tissues. It is always accompanied by an intensive local immune response and in advanced stages, the systemic lymphatic (immune) structure. In this review we present evidence from our own studies as well as pertinent literature on the role of skin and subcutaneous tissue lymphatics at the wound site and of transport of antigens along with collecting afferent lymphatics to the lymph nodes. We also speculate the role of lymph nodes in raising cohorts of bacterial and own tissue antigen-specific lymphocytes and their participation in healing and not infrequently evoking uncontrolled chronic immune reaction causing a delay of healing. It is also speculated as to why there is a rapid response of lymph node cells to microbial antigens and tolerance to damaged-tissue-derived antigens occurs
Management of ulcers in lymphoedematous limbs
Authors: Karnasula Vishnu M. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTLymphoedema is a progressive condition that can have a marked physical and psychological impact on affected patients and significantly reduce the quality of life. The ulcers on chronic lymphoedema patient, which often also makes it impossible for them to work. If left untreated, tends to progress or worsen. Ulcers in lymphoedema patients, therefore, represent not only a medical but also a psychological problem. The treatment is often regarded as being worse than it actually is. In our study of more than 25 years shows around 10% cases are due to chronic lymphodema. Ulcers of chronic lymphoedema are classified into four stages according to their presentation. Their management depends upon their stage of presentation. Patients with chronic lymphoedema and ulceration require a different approach to treatment. The specific issues associated with managing the patient with lymphoedematous ulceration include, limb shape distortion i.e., elephantiasis, care of the skin creases and folds, and swelling of the toes and fore foot. Stage I ulcers will heal with conservative treatment without any surgical intervention. Stage II ulcers needs debridement of the wound and split-thickness skin grafting. The most difficult to treat are the stage III and IV ulcers, due to associated skin changes and reduced vascularity. These cases need debulking along with excision of the ulcer. In order to prevent recurrence of the ulcer in all the four stages needs prolonged follow-up and limb care.
Management of radiation wounds
Authors: Iyer Subramania , Balasubramanian Deepak 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTRadiotherapy forms an integral part in cancer treatment today. It is used alone or in combination with surgery and chemotherapy. Although radiotherapy is useful to effect tumour death, it also exerts a deleterious effect on surrounding normal tissues. These effects are either acute or can manifest months or years after the treatment. The chronic wounds are a result of impaired wound healing. This impairment results in fibrosis, nonhealing ulcers, lymphoedema and radionecrosis amongst others. This article will discuss the pathophysiology in brief, along with the manifestations of radiation-induced injury and the treatment available currently
Burn wound: How it differs from other wounds?
Authors: Tiwari V. K. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTManagement of burn injury has always been the domain of burn specialists. Since ancient time, local and systemic remedies have been advised for burn wound dressing and burn scar prevention. Management of burn wound inflicted by the different physical and chemical agents require different regimes which are poles apart from the regimes used for any of the other traumatic wounds. In extensive burn, because of increased capillary permeability, there is extensive loss of plasma leading to shock while whole blood loss is the cause of shock in other acute wounds. Even though the burn wounds are sterile in the beginning in comparison to most of other wounds, yet, the death in extensive burns is mainly because of wound infection and septicemia, because of the immunocompromised status of the burn patients. Eschar and blister are specific for burn wounds requiring a specific treatment protocol. Antimicrobial creams and other dressing agents used for traumatic wounds are ineffective in deep burns with eschar. The subeschar plane harbours the micro-organisms and many of these agents are not able to penetrate the eschar. Even after complete epithelisation of burn wound, remodelling phase is prolonged. It may take years for scar maturation in burns. This article emphasizes on how the pathophysiology, healing and management of a burn wound is different from that of other wounds.
A comparative study of the effect of different topical agents on burn wound infections
Authors: Gunjan Katara , Shobha Chamania , Sheetal Chitnis , Nanda Hemvani , Vikrant Chitnis , Chitnis Dhananjay Sadashiv 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Background: Topical agents are used to treat burn wound infections. Aims and Objective: The present work was aimed to find out the in vitro efficacy of different topical agents against burn wound pathogens. Settings and Design: Randomly selected gram-positive (29) and gram-negative bacterial (119) isolates from burn wound cases admitted in burn unit of Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, were included in the in vitro activity testing for silver nitrate, silver sulphadiazine (SSD), chlorhexidine, cetrimide, nitrofuran, soframycin, betadine, benzalkonium chloride and honey by growth inhibition on agar medium. Materials and Methods: Multidrug-resistant isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were checked for different topical agents. 1% topical agent was mixed with Mueller-Hinton agar. Two microlitres of bacterial suspension adjusted to 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard was spread over the topical agent containing plates. The plates without the topical agent were used as control plates. The plates were incubated for 48 h at 37΀C. Results: SSD (148/148), silver nitrate (148/148) and chlorhexidine (148/148) showed excellent activity against all the pathogens. Neosporin had poor activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (4/44) Proteus spp. (2/4) and group D streptococci (1/4). Betadine did not show activity against the bacterial isolates in the presence of organic matter. Honey did not exert any antimicrobial activity under the study conditions. Conclusion: SSD, silver nitrate and chlorhexidine have excellent activity against all the bacterial pathogens and could be used empirically, while identification of the infective agent is required for selecting the alternative topical agents such as nitrofuran, soframycin, and benzalkonium chloride.
Development of tissue bank
Authors: Narayan R. P. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe history of tissue banking is as old as the use of skin grafting for resurfacing of burn wounds. Beneficial effects of tissue grafts led to wide spread use of auto and allograft for management of varied clinical conditions like skin wounds, bone defects following trauma or tumor ablation. Availability of adequate amount of tissues at the time of requirement was the biggest challenge that forced clinicians to find out techniques to preserve the living tissue for prolonged period of time for later use and thus the foundation of tissue banking was started in early twentieth century. Harvesting, processing, storage and transportation of human tissues for clinical use is the major activity of tissue banks. Low temperature storage of processed tissue is the best preservation technique at present. Tissue banking organization is a very complex system and needs high technical expertise and skilled personnel for proper functioning in a dedicated facility. A small lapse/deviation from the established protocol leads to loss of precious tissues and or harm to recipients as well as the risk of transmission of deadly diseases and tumors. Strict tissue transplant acts and stringent regulations help to streamline the whole process of tissue banking safe for recipients and to community as whole.
A Review of Measures to Evaluate Participation Outcomes Post-Stroke
Authors: Kessler Dorothy , Egan Mary 
Published: September 2012

Background: Stroke is one of the most common disabling conditions of adulthood. Participation problems are extremely common post-stroke. Occupational therapists, by virtue of their commitment to enabling occupation, are in a strong position to help stroke survivors improve their participation. To demonstrate effectiveness, occupational therapists must be able to provide evidence of post-treatment changes in participation. Objective: The objective of this paper was to identify participation measures that have been developed for, or tested with, individuals who have experienced a stroke and to review them for use as occupational therapy outcome measures. Method: A literature review was carried out to locate relevant tools. These tools were then rated for psychometric and clinical properties that are critical for clinical outcome measurement. In addition, the theoretical fit of each evaluation with occupational therapy's commitment to client-centredness was considered. Results: Ten evaluations were identified and rated. These ratings were designed to assist occupational therapists to choose a participation measure for their practice. Conclusion: Selection and use of such a measure will help occupational therapists to document its effectiveness in improving participation among stroke survivors.
Activity and Participation — Self-Assessment According to the International Classification of Functioning: A Study in Mental Health
Authors: Haglund Lena , Fältman Susanne 
Published: September 2012

Introduction: The aim of this exploratory study was to discover if a fifth qualifier in the domain of Activity and Participation in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) could highlight the experience of satisfaction and enjoyment in the everyday life of people with severe mental illness. It also investigated the correlation between the assessment made by an occupational therapist and nursing staff based on performance, and the assessment made by the clients themselves. Method: Twenty-nine clients with schizophrenia or other forms of psychosis participated, using a self-assessment. The performance was investigated by using the first qualifier in the ICF, domain Activity and Participation. Findings: The ‘Major life area’ was rated with the most dissatisfaction and displeasure by the clients. ‘Communication’ and ‘General task and demands’ also had low ratings. ‘Self-care’ was rated with the most satisfaction and enjoyment. There was a correlation between the assessments made by the occupational therapist and the nursing staff, but their assessments differed from those made by the clients. Conclusion: The study indicates the importance of using self-assessment when understanding everyday life as presented in the ICF, and the importance of using different assessment methods to gain a broad picture of clients.
The Impact of Preschoolers' Gender and Sensory Preferences on Physical Activity Levels during Play
Authors: Ismael Noor Taleb , Lawson Lisa Mische 
Published: September 2012

Introduction: This study examined the differences between boys and girls in relation to activity levels during play and sensory preferences for activity level, body position and movement. A review of the literature revealed no evidence to explain if boys and girls prefer different body positions while playing or if body position might be used to measure their activity levels. Method: This retrospective study used data from demographic forms, children's Sensory Profiles and observations of children's play in classroom settings. The sample consisted of 53 typically developing children between ages 3–5 years from a suburban preschool in Kansas in the United States. Results: Analysis of data from play observations revealed no significant differences between boys and girls in relation to body position mean (p = 0.33), body position standard deviation (p = 0.19) and total number of change position times (p = 0.28). Analysis of data from children's Sensory Profiles showed no significant differences (p = 0.97) between boys' and girls' seeking preferences reflected by activity level, body position and movement items in the Sensory Profile. Conclusion: Future research should investigate children's play in outdoor playgrounds and implement more rigorous methods in rating activity levels.