bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent fuzzy approach for fast fractal image compression
Authors: Nodehi Ali , Sulong Ghazali , Al-Rodhaan Mznah , Al-Dhelaan Abdullah , Rehman Amjad , Saba Tanzila 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Fractal image compression (FIC) is recognized as a NP-hard problem, and it suffers from a high number of mean square error (MSE) computations. In this paper, a two-phase algorithm was proposed to reduce the MSE computation of FIC. In the first phase, based on edge property, range and domains are arranged. In the second one, imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is used according to the classified blocks. For maintaining the quality of the retrieved image and accelerating algorithm operation, we divided the solutions into two groups: developed countries and undeveloped countries. Simulations were carried out to evaluate the performance of the developed approach. Promising results thus achieved exhibit performance better than genetic algorithm (GA)-based and Full-search algorithms in terms of decreasing the number of MSE computations. The number of MSE computations was reduced by the proposed algorithm for 463 times faster compared to the Full-search algorithm, although the retrieved image quality did not have a considerable change.
MIP-3β/CCL19 is associated with the intrathecal invasion of mononuclear cells in neuroinflammatory and non-neuroinflammatory CNS diseases in dogs
Authors: Bartels Janina , Darrow Brett G , Schatzberg Scott J , Bu Lijing , Carlson Regina , Tipold Andrea 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundChemokines such as MIP-3β/CCL19 are important factors in the mechanism of cell migration and pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory reactions. The hypothesis of this study is that CCL19, also known as MIP-3β, is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and non-inflammatory CNS diseases of dogs. Experiments were performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples of dogs affected with steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) during the acute phase as well as during treatment. Dogs with SRMA were compared to dogs with presumed meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO), and both groups sub-categorized into dogs receiving no therapy and with patients receiving prednisolone therapy. Idiopathic epilepsy (IE), a group with normal CSF cell count, was used as a control. Additionally, dogs with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) of varying severity were analyzed. Chemokine concentrations were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Migration assays were performed on seven selected CSF samples using a disposable 96-well chemotaxis chamber.ResultsCCL19 was detectable in CSF samples of all dogs. Dogs with untreated SRMA and MUO displayed pronounced CCL19 elevations compared to the control group and patients receiving glucocorticosteroid treatment. CSF cell counts of untreated SRMA and MUO patients were significantly positively correlated with the CCL19 CSF concentration. IVDD patients also had elevated CCL19 concentration compared to controls, but values were considerably lower than in inflammatory CNS diseases. Selected CSF samples displayed chemotactic activity for mononuclear cells in the migration assay.ConclusionsCCL19 CSF concentrations were markedly elevated in patients affected with the neuroinflammatory diseases SRMA and MUO and showed a strong correlation with the CSF cell count. This chemokine may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SRMA and MUO. The elevation of CSF CCL19 in IVDD suggests that it may also be involved in the secondary wave of spinal cord injuries.
Cleavage site and Ectodomain of HA2 sub-unit sequence of three equine influenza virus isolated in Morocco
Authors: Boukharta Mohamed , Zakham Fathiah , Touil Nadia , Elharrak Mehdi , Ennaji Moulay Mustapha 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
The equine influenza (EI) is an infectious and contagious disease of the upper respiratory tract of horses. Two outbreaks were notified in Morocco during 1997 and 2004 respectively in Nador and Essaouira. The aims of the present study concern the amino acids sequences comparison with reference strain A/equine/Miami/1963(H3N8) of the HA2 subunit including the cleavage site of three equine influenza viruses (H3N8) isolated in Morocco: A/equine/Nador/1/1997(H3N8), A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004 (H3N8) and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004 (H3N8).

Results
The obtained results demonstrated that the substitutions were located at Ectodomain (ED) and transmembrane domain (TD), and they have only one arginine in cleavage site (HA1-PEKQI-R329-GI-HA2). In the Ectodomain, the mutation N/154
2
/T deleted the NGT glycosylation site at position 154 for both strains A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004(H3N8) and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004(H3N8). Except for mutation D/1602/Y of the A/equine/Nador/1/1997(H3N8) strain, the other mutations were involved in non conserved sites. While the transmembrane domain (TM) of the strain A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004(H3N8) exhibits a substitution at residue C/199
2
/F. For the A/equine/Nador/1/1997(H3N8) strain the HA2 shows a mutation at residue M/207
2
/L. Three Moroccan strains reveals a common substitution at the residue E/211
2
/Q located between transmembrane domain TM and the cytoplasmic domain (CD).

Conclusion
The given nature virulence of three Moroccan strains, the identified and reported mutations certainly played a permissive role of infection viral process.
Analysis of trainees' memory after classroom presentations of didactical ultrasound courses
Authors: Hempel Dorothea , Stenger Tanja , Campo dell' Orto Marco , Stenger David , Seibel Armin , Röhrig Stefan , Heringer Frank , Walcher Felix , Breitkreutz Raoul 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Emergency ultrasound is gaining importance in medical education. Widespread teaching methods are frontal presentations and hands-on training. The primary goal of our study was to evaluate the impact of frontal presentations (PS) by analysis of retained knowledge rate (RKR) and learning load (LL).

Methods
Our study was conducted during four introductory courses in emergency ultrasound covering Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (E-FAST) and Focused Echocardiography Evaluation in Life Support (FEEL). Standardized PS (length of 10 to 50 min) were presented by experienced trainers, who were asked to provide keywords, key messages, and images and assign a score to each. Group 1 consisted of 11 medical students with no prior ultrasound experience, and group 2 consisted of 80 physicians. Each group was audience to seven to eight standard PS and requested to answer a free text questionnaire after 0 h, 2.5 h, 24 h, and 14 days.

Results
In group 1, 168/176 questionnaires were analyzed, and 161/202 were analyzed in group 2. RKR in group 1 was 32.5%, 15%, 16%, and 12% at 0 h, 2.5 h, 24 h, and 2 weeks. The physicians' RKR were 23%, 20.5%, and 22.4% after 0, 2.5, and 24 h of a respective PS. The LL was 1.6/min for students and 1.2/min for physicians. There was no difference in RKR when comparing PS with higher and lower LL for both groups; shorter or case-based PS were associated with a higher RKR (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Our study provides evidence that only a limited amount of information can be processed at a time. Only 12% of knowledge is retained after 2 weeks. Presentations of short duration can increase the retained knowledge rate. Therefore, frontal presentations and classroom-based ultrasound training and teaching should be adapted.
Chemotherapy dose reduction due to chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant settings: a single-center experience
Authors: Bhatnagar Bhavana , Gilmore Steven , Goloubeva Olga , Pelser Colleen , Medeiros Michelle , Chumsri Saranya , Tkaczuk Katherine , Edelman Martin , Bao Ting 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Purpose
Taxanes are a cornerstone treatment in early and advanced stage breast cancer and in other common solid tumor malignancies; however, the development of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) often necessitates dose-reduction, which may hamper the effectiveness of the drug and compromise survival outcomes especially when used in the adjuvant setting. Limited literature is available on the prevalence and severity of dose reduction due to CIPN. We sought to determine the frequency and severity of CIPN-induced dose reduction in early stage breast cancer patients who received taxane-based chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant settings.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective single-institution breast cancer clinic chart review of 123 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and treated with taxane-based neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy at the University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center between January 2008 and December 2011.

Results
Forty-nine of 123 (40%; 95% CI: 31-49%) patients required dose reduction. Twenty-one (17%; 95% CI: 11-25%) of these patients were dose-reduced specifically due to CIPN that developed during treatment. The median relative dose intensity (received dose/planned dose) for the 21 CIPN-induced dose reduction patients was 73.4% (range, 68.0-94.0%). Patients with diabetes appeared to have a higher risk of taxane-induced dose reduction (p-value=0.01). African-American patients and those treated with paclitaxel (rather than docetaxel) experienced a higher-risk of CIPN-induced dose reduction (p-values are <0.001 and 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
The incidence of CIPN-associated dose reduction in our patient population was 17%. African-American patients, diabetics and subjects treated with paclitaxel had a higher risk for CIPN-associated dose reduction in our study.
Folate receptor-β constitutes a marker for human proinflammatory monocytes
Authors: Shen Jiayin , Hilgenbrink Andrew R , Xia Wei , Feng Yang , Dimitrov Dimiter S , Lockwood Michael B , Amato Robert J , Low Philip S 
Published: July 2014

AbstractActivated macrophages are commonly involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and have been frequently reported to overexpress FR-β. Although FR-targeted therapies aimed at eliminating activated macrophages have shown promise for treating inflammatory diseases, little work has been performed to evaluate whether other hematopoietic cells might also express FR-β. Analysis of peripheral blood cells with a mAb to human FR-β reveals that only monocytes express FR-β. Molecular characterization of these circulating monocytes further demonstrates that solely the classic/proinflammatory subset (CD14highCD16−) expresses the FR and that only CD14highCD16− FR-β+ monocytes also display the ability to bind folate-linked molecules. Confirmation that this subset of monocytes indeed constitutes the proinflammatory subpopulation was obtained by demonstrating coexpression of FR-β with other proinflammatory markers, including CCR2 and HLA-DR. Synovial monocytes from the joints of patients with RA were also shown to express FR-β. As inhibition of the chemotaxis of proinflammatory monocytes into sites of inflammation has been explored frequently as a means of controlling autoimmune diseases, demonstration that FR-β is uniquely expressed on this proinflammatory subpopulation offers a new strategy to suppress migration of inflammatory monocytes into sites of inflammation.
TLR4 regulates IFN-γ and IL-17 production by both thymic and induced Foxp3+ Tregs during intestinal inflammation
Authors: Cao Anthony T , Yao Suxia , Stefka Andrew T , Liu Zhanju , Qin Hongwei , Liu Houpu , Evans-Marin Heather L , Elson Charles O , Nagler Cathryn R , Cong Yingzi 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTTregs play a crucial role in the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis. However, significant numbers of Foxp3+ Tregs accumulate in the inflamed lesions in experimental colitis and in IBD patients. Treg production of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and/or IL-17 may arguably explain their ineffectiveness in suppressing intestinal inflammation. However, it remains unknown whether iTreg and tTreg produce proinflammatory cytokines and how TLR signaling regulates this process. Here, we found that Foxp3+Tregs were increased in the intestines of B6.TLR4−/− and B6.IL-10−/− mice when compared with WT B6 mice. TLR4−/− and IL-10−/− resulted in more Tregs within inflamed intestines. The majority of Foxp3+ Tregs in the spleen was Helios+Nrp1+, whereas most Foxp3+ Tregs in the intestinal LP were Helios−Nrp1−. More Helios+Nrp1+ Tregs expressed IFN-γ and/or IL-17 than did Helios−Nrp1− Tregs in the spleen and intestine, which was increased with TLR4−/−. TLR4 signaling in T cells and APCs inhibited Foxp3+ induction via MyD88-dependent, TRIF-independent pathways, which was negatively regulated by SOCS3. Collectively, these data demonstrate Helios+Nrp1+ tTregs and Helios−Nrp1− iTregs produce proinflammatory cytokines in the intestines during inflammation, which was regulated by TLR4 signaling.
Immune control and failure in HCV infection—tipping the balance
Authors: Dustin Lynn B , Cashman Siobhán B , Laidlaw Stephen M 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDespite the development of potent antiviral drugs, HCV remains a global health problem; global eradication is a long way off. In this review, we discuss the immune response to HCV infection and particularly, the interplay between viral strategies that delay the onset of antiviral responses and host strategies that limit or even eradicate infected cells but also contribute to pathogenesis. Although HCV can disable some cellular virus-sensing machinery, IFN-stimulated antiviral genes are induced in the infected liver. Whereas epitope evolution contributes to escape from T cell-mediated immunity, chronic high antigen load may also blunt the T cell response by activating exhaustion or tolerance mechanisms. The evasive maneuvers of HCV limit sterilizing humoral immunity through rapid evolution of decoy epitopes, epitope masking, stimulation of interfering antibodies, lipid shielding, and cell-to-cell spread. Whereas the majority of HCV infections progress to chronic hepatitis with persistent viremia, at least 20% of patients spontaneously clear the infection. Most of these are protected from reinfection, suggesting that protective immunity to HCV exists and that a prophylactic vaccine may be an achievable goal. It is therefore important that we understand the correlates of protective immunity and mechanisms of viral persistence.
Proteomic analysis unveils a FANCA-modulated neddylation pathway involved in CXCR5 membrane targeting and cell mobility
Authors: Renaudin Xavier , Guervilly Jean-Hugues , Aoufouchi Said , Rosselli Filippo 
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to identify novel substrates of the FANCcore complex, which inactivation leads to the genetic disorder Fanconi anemia (FA), which associates bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities and predisposition to cancer. Eight FANC proteins participate in the nuclear FANCcore complex, an E3 ubiquitin-ligase that monoubiquitinates FANCD2 and FANCI in response to replicative stress. Here, we used mass spectrometry to compare proteins from FANCcore complex deficient FA-A and FA-C cells to their ectopically corrected counterparts challenged with hydroxyurea, an inducer of FANCD2 monoubiquitination.
FANCD2 and FANCI appear as the only targets of the FANCcore complex. We identified other proteins post-translationally modified in a FANCA- or FANCC-dependent manner. The majority of these potential targets localizes to the cell membrane. Finally, we demonstrated that (a) the chemokine receptor CXCR5 is neddylated; (b) FANCA, but not FANCC, appears to modulate CXCR5 neddylation through an unknown mechanism; (c) CXCR5 neddylation is involved in targeting the receptor to the cell membrane; and (d) CXCR5 neddylation stimulates cell migration/motility.
Our work has uncovered a pathway involving FANCA in neddylation and cell motility.
Electromagnetic fields do not affect bone micro-architecture in osteoporotic rats
Authors: van der Jagt O. P. , van der Linden J. C. , Waarsing J. H. , Verhaar J. A. N. , Weinans H. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are widely used in musculoskeletal disorders. There are indications that EMF might also be effective in the treatment of osteoporosis. To justify clinical follow-up experiments, we examined the effects of EMF on bone micro-architectural changes in osteoporotic and healthy rats. Moreover, we tested the effects of EMF on fracture healing. Methods EMF (20 Gauss) was examined in rats (aged 20 weeks), which underwent an ovariectomy (OVX; n = 8) or sham-ovariectomy (sham-OVX; n = 8). As a putative positive control, all rats received bilateral fibular osteotomies to examine the effects on fracture healing. Treatment was applied to one proximal lower leg (three hours a day, five days a week); the lower leg was not treated and served as a control. Bone architectural changes of the proximal tibia and bone formation around the osteotomy were evaluated using in vivo microCT scans at start of treatment and after three and six weeks. Results In both OVX and sham-OVX groups, EMF did not result in cancellous or cortical bone changes during follow-up. Moreover, EMF did not affect the amount of mineralised callus volume around the fibular osteotomy. Conclusions In this study we were unable to reproduce the strong beneficial findings reported by others. This might indicate that EMF treatment is very sensitive to the specific set-up, which would be a serious hindrance for clinical use. No evidence was found that EMF treatment can influence bone mass for the benefit of osteoporotic patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:230–5.
Availability of Structured and Unstructured Clinical Data for Comparative
Effectiveness Research and Quality Improvement: A Multi-Site Assessment
Authors: Capurro Daniel , Yetisgen Meliha , Eaton Erik , Black Robert , Tarczy-Hornoch Peter 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: A key attribute of a learning health care system is the ability to
collect and analyze routinely collected clinical data in order to quickly generate new
clinical evidence, and to monitor the quality of the care provided. To achieve this
vision, clinical data must be easy to extract and stored in computer readable formats.
We conducted this study across multiple organizations to assess the availability of such
data specifically for comparative effectiveness research (CER) and quality improvement
(QI) on surgical procedures.Setting: This study was conducted in the context of the data
needed for the already established Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program
(SCOAP), a clinician-led, performance benchmarking, and QI registry for surgical and
interventional procedures in Washington State.Methods: We selected six hospitals,
managed by two Health Information Technology (HIT) groups, and assessed the ease of
automated extraction of the data required to complete the SCOAP data collection forms.
Each data element was classified as easy, moderate, or complex to
extract.Results: Overall, a significant proportion of the data required to automatically
complete the SCOAP forms was not stored in structured computer-readable formats, with
more than 75 percent of all data elements being classified as moderately complex or
complex to extract. The distribution differed significantly between the health care
systems studied.Conclusions: Although highly desirable, a learning health care system
does not automatically emerge from the implementation of electronic health records
(EHRs). Innovative methods to improve the structured capture of clinical data are needed
to facilitate the use of routinely collected clinical data for patient
phenotyping.
Congo river, au delà des ténèbres: lueur d’espoir ou leurre?
Authors: De Raedt Thérèse 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The documentary Congo River, Beyond Darkness by Belgian director Thierry Michel attempts to reveal a Democratic Republic of Congo that was slowly recovering, in 2004–2005 when the images were shot, from a succession of sociopolitical crises and wars. In this study I show that the director loses his way, through numerous digressions and arbitrary geographical diversions into the river’s tributaries, as he tries to follow the Congo river upstream from its mouth to its source. By integrating black and white footage from the colonial era with colour footage from the early twenty-first century, Michel brings provocative juxtapositions to the fore. At the same time, what he leaves unsaid does not help the viewer to ask the right questions about the past, understand the present, or glimpse the future with confidence. This article argues that the film’s montage reflects the civilizing myth that is propagated in Belgium regarding its former colony, as well as the discomfort of a director who is unable to establish a critical distance vis-à-vis his country’s colonial past. Thus, the film seems to represent a certain Belgian mentality that, at the dawn of the twenty-first century, still has not acknowledged nor taken responsibility for its history of colonization.
Le documentaire Congo River, au-delà des ténèbres du réalisateur belge Thierry Michel tente de présenter la République Démocratique du Congo, qui se redresse lentement, en 2004–2005 lorsque les images ont été filmées, d’une succession de crises et de guerres sociopolitiques. Dans cette étude je démontre que le réalisateur, qui voulait remonter le Congo de son embouchure à sa source, se perd dans de nombreuses digressions et s’éloigne du tracé géographique du fleuve. En intégrant des images en noir et blanc de l’époque coloniale à des images en couleur du début du XXIe siècle, Michel crée des juxtapositions qui provoquent. Toutefois, ce qu’il garde sous silence n’aide pas le spectateur à se poser de bonnes questions sur le passé, ni à mieux comprendre le présent, ni à entrevoir l’avenir avec confiance. Cet article soutient que le montage du film reflète le mythe civilisateur diffusé en Belgique à l’égard de son ancienne colonie, ainsi que le malaise d’un réalisateur qui n’arrive pas à établir une distance critique vis-à-vis du passé colonial de son pays. Le film semble dès lors être le reflet d’une certaine mentalité belge qui, à l’aube du XXIe siècle, n’a pas encore reconnu ni osé remettre en question son histoire coloniale.
Ruben Östlund’s Play (2011): Race and segregation in ‘good’ liberal Sweden
Authors: Karlsson Helena 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article analyses Ruben Östlund’s film Play (2011) in the context of the current debate on race, racism and multiculturalism in Sweden. It discusses the social roles in Play as an effect of existing racial and class segregation, arguing that the film’s critical gaze is directed mainly towards the liberal white discourse, on the one hand politically correct and tolerant, on the other hand closed to difference. The black boys’ petty crime represents a subversion of the liberal white hegemony in which they are included only as different and ‘Other’. Östlund also dares to ask the both pertinent and most taboo question about multiculturalism in Europe today: What are the negative effects of drastic demographic changes?
The Campaign for Atlanta: An Act of Research
Authors:   John Q, Chenault Wesley , Ditzler Andy , Orr Joey 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The Campaign for Atlanta: an essay on queer migration was a public event presented by the John Q collective (Wesley Chenault, Andy Ditzler, and Joey Orr) on May 17 and 18, 2013 at the Atlanta Cyclorama and Civil War Museum. It was a performative essay form that investigated a palimpsest of civil war histories and fragments of regional and national queer migrations. This article begins to make explicit the issues explored in the performance: namely, the divergent ways in which the past is linked to place by various technologies of sight and their very different historical worldviews. Written for a special issue on activism, the article makes the case that activating archives in public situations allows scholarship to expand its purview, to include nontraditional configurations and interdisciplinary methods as a way of linking scholarly content to artistic form.