bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for post‐ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia: A retrospective single‐center study
Authors: He Qi Bin , Xu Te , Wang Jing , Li Yun Hong , Wang Lei , Zou Xiao Ping 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveWith an increased use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), post‐ERCP complications have attracted much attention. We aimed to identify independent risk factors of post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and hyperamylasemia, and to develop a simple scoring system of the factors contributing to the clinical prevention against PEP.MethodsA retrospective single‐center analysis was performed in 4234 ERCP procedures between September 2007 and December 2012. Patient‐related and procedure‐related risk factors for PEP and post‐ERCP hyperamylasemia were identified by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. A scoring system was developed based on the independent risk factors.ResultsPEP occurred in 226 (5.3%) ERCP procedures and hyperamylasemia in 774 (18.3%) procedures. Female gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.449), first‐time ERCP (OR 1.745), latent jaundice (OR 1.917), difficult cannulation (OR 3.317) and pancreatography (OR 1.823) were all proven to be significant risk factors for predicting PEP. In addition, difficult cannulation (OR 1.990) and pancreatography (OR 2.009), age <60 years (OR 1.294), prior diabetes (OR 0.614), biliary duct stent placement (OR 1.884) and nasobiliary drainage (OR 1.613) were associated with developing hyperamylasemia. Prophylactic pancreatic duct stent (PS) might prevent against PEP in significantly high‐risk patients (score ≥6).ConclusionsBoth patient‐related and procedure‐related risk factors are important for predicting PEP and post‐ERCP hyperamylasemia. Technical procedures, for example, PS, are necessary to prevent PEP in patients at the highest risk.
The Declining Volume of Workers’ Training in Britain
Authors: Green Francis , Felstead Alan , Gallie Duncan , Inanc Hande , Jewson Nick 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe conventional focus on the training participation rate, rather than training volume, in official statistics and research has obscured a radical transformation in workers’ training in Britain. To obtain a picture of the trend in training volume, we synthesize a narrative through a new analysis of multiple surveys. The duration of training fell sharply with the result that the training volume per worker declined by about a half between 1997 and 2012. This fall is hard to reconcile with optimistic rhetoric surrounding the knowledge economy. Potential explanations are discussed. We conclude with recommendations to improve the collection of training statistics.
Corporate Governance and Takeover Outcomes
Authors: Aktas Nihat , Croci Ettore , Simsir Serif Aziz 
Published: May 2015

AbstractManuscript typeReviewResearch Question/IssueThis article reviews how and through which channels corporate governance shapes takeover outcomes.Research FindingsWe summarize the main findings of the empirical literature that investigates the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on takeover outcomes. The internal and external governance mechanisms that we consider are: the board of directors, the takeover market, blockholders, financial markets in general, product market competition, and the labor market.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis article adopts an agency perspective of the firm and reviews the mergers and acquisitions (M&A) literature through the lens of corporate governance. We highlight how the different corporate governance mechanisms affect the takeover process and outcomes.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThe article systematizes the current state of the research linking corporate governance and takeovers. In doing so, we emphasize which mechanisms policymakers can use to improve the efficiency of the takeover market. Alternatively, the review also offers indications concerning mechanisms that could be used to mitigate agency conflicts and, as such, increase firm value.
VOLUNTARY ACTIVITIES AND DAILY HAPPINESS IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Gimenez‐Nadal J. Ignacio , Molina Jose Alberto 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article analyzes differences in daily happiness between those individuals in the United States who perform voluntary activities during the day and those who do not. Using the Well‐Being Module of the American Time Use Survey 2010, we find that those who devote any time to voluntary activities during the day report higher levels of daily happiness than those who do not. Comparing the happiness obtained from a range of activities, we find that volunteering is among the most enjoyable, indicating that time spent on voluntary activities is utility‐enhancing. We document that the effect of voluntary activities on the experienced utility of individuals can be decomposed into a “time‐composition” effect and an “activity” effect, with the latter explaining between 11% and 46% of the observed difference. (JELD13, J16, J22)
Hyposalivation and dietary nutrient intake among community‐based older Japanese
Authors: Iwasaki Masanori , Yoshihara Akihiro , Ito Kayoko , Sato Misuzu , Minagawa Kumiko , Muramatsu Kanako , Watanabe Reiko , Manz Michael C. , Ansai Toshihiro , Miyazaki Hideo 
Published: May 2015

AimSaliva is important for maintaining oral function and regulating oral health. Reduced saliva flow rate, which is common among older adults, has been reported to be associated with perceived chewing and swallowing difficulties; however, its relationship to actual nutrient intake is unclear. The aim of the present cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between hyposalivation and nutrient intake among older Japanese adults.MethodsThe participants were 352 community‐based Japanese aged 80 years. A stimulated salivary flow rate <0.5 mL/min was defined as hyposalivation. Multivariable analysis of differences in nutrient and food intake outcome variables, which were collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire, between groups with/without hyposalivation was carried out using general linear models. Models included adjustment for number of teeth, denture use, sex, income, education, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes, medication, activities of daily living, depression and total calorie intake.ResultsThe hyposalivation group had significantly lower intake of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, potassium, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B6 and folate than the group without hyposalivation (P < 0.05) after adjusting for confounders. Vegetable, fish and shellfish consumption was significantly lower in the hyposalivation group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDietary intake was poorer in those with hyposalivation than among those without. A decrease in stimulated salivary flow rate could have negative effects on geriatric nutrition. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 500‐507.
Arabinoxylan content and characterisation throughout the bread‐baking process
Authors: Kiszonas Alecia M. , Fuerst E. Patrick , Luthria Devanand , Morris Craig F. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryEnd‐use quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is influenced in a variety of ways by nonstarch polysaccharides, especially arabinoxylan (AX). The objective of this study was to track total and water‐extractable AX (TAX and WEAX, respectively) throughout the bread‐baking process, using wholemeal and refined flour. The TAX and WEAX content and the ratio of arabinose: xylose were assessed in flour, mixed dough, proofed dough and the bread loaf, which was separated into crumb, upper crust and bottom crust. Changes in TAX during the baking process differed between the refined flour and wholemeal samples, suggesting a change in the TAX availability which we ascribe to molecular interactions and heat treatment. WEAX content dramatically decreased during baking, suggesting that oxidative cross‐linkages rendered it unextractable. Higher levels of WEAX and lower levels of arabinose substitution were correlated with higher loaf volumes for refined flour among the hard wheat varieties. Having a better understanding of the importance of both WEAX content and arabinose substitution allows for directed breeding efforts towards improved hard wheat varieties for optimum bread baking.
Neonatal screening for α‐thalassemia by cord hemoglobin Barts: how effective is it?
Authors: Wu M.‐Y. , Xie X.‐M. , Li J. , Li D.‐Z. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryIntroductionIt has long been recognized that the hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's in cord blood is an accurate indicator of α‐thalassemia and that the level of Hb Bart's was increased accordingly with the increasing numbers of the defective α‐genes.MethodsThis study used an automatic capillary electrophoresis system to determine the Hb Bart's levels in cord blood. Molecular analyses were used to detect various genotypes of α‐thalassemia.ResultsSixty‐nine of the total 1169 newborns were found to have an increased Hb Bart's in cord blood, in whom the diagnosis of α‐thalassemia was confirmed by the DNA analysis. The remaining 1100 newborns had no detectable Hb Bart's at birth; among these, 45 carriers of silent α‐thalassemia were diagnosed by DNA analysis. All the 45 cases had only the ‐α3.7 deletion genotype.ConclusionFor newborns of one α‐gene mutation, especially for 3.7‐kb deletion, the method based on Hb Bart's is inadequate and is therefore not reliable for screening.
Cord IGF‐I concentrations in Indian newborns: associations with neonatal body composition and maternal determinants
Authors: Wiley A. S. , Lubree H. G. , Joshi S. M. , Bhat D. S. , Ramdas L. V. , Rao A. S. , Thuse N. V. , Deshpande V. U. , Yajnik C. S. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBackgroundIndian newborns have been described as ‘thin‐fat’ compared with European babies, but little is known about how this phenotype relates to the foetal growth factor IGF‐I (insulin‐like growth factor I) or its binding protein IGFBP‐3.ObjectiveTo assess cord IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 concentrations in a sample of Indian newborns and evaluate their associations with neonatal adiposity and maternal factors.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 146 pregnant mothers with dietary, anthropometric and biochemical measurements at 28 and 34 weeks gestation. Neonatal weight, length, skin‐folds, circumferences, and cord blood IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 concentrations were measured at birth.ResultsAverage cord IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 concentrations were 46.6 (2.2) and 1269.4 (41) ng mL−1, respectively. Girls had higher mean IGF‐I than boys (51.4 ng mL−1 vs. 42.9 ng mL−1; P < 0.03), but IGFBP‐3 did not differ. Cord IGF‐I was positively correlated with all birth size measures except length, and most strongly with neonatal sum‐of‐skin‐folds (r = 0.50, P < 0.001). IGFBP‐3 was positively correlated with ponderal index, sum‐of‐skin‐folds and placenta weight (r = 0.21, 0.19, 0.16, respectively; P < 0.05). Of maternal demographic and anthropometric characteristics, only parity was correlated with cord IGF‐I (r = 0.27, P < 0.001). Among dietary behaviours, maternal daily milk intake at 34 weeks gestation predicted higher cord IGF‐I compared to no‐milk intake (51.8 ng mL−1 vs. 36.5 ng mL−1, P < 0.01) after controlling for maternal characteristics, placental weight, and newborn gestational age, sex, weight and sum‐of‐skin‐folds. Sum‐of‐skin‐folds were positively associated with cord IGF‐I in this multivariate model (57.3 ng mL−1 vs. 35.1 ng mL−1 for highest and lowest sum‐of skin‐fold quartile, P < 0.001). IGFBP‐3 did not show significant relationships with these covariates.ConclusionIn this Indian study, cord IGF‐I concentration was associated with greater adiposity among newborns. Maternal milk intake may play a role in this relationship.
Application of vacuum sealing drainage to the treatment of seawater‐immersed blast‐injury wounds
Authors: Shi Bing , Sun Jingjing , Cao Yingli , Yang Fen , Wu Yujia , Liang Xianping , Li Li 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe aims of this study were to observe the effects of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) with three different negative pressures on the wound healing rate, macrophage count and the expression of hyaluronic acid (HA) as well as its receptor CD44 in seawater‐immersed blast‐injury wounds (SIBIW) and to determine the optimal negative pressure value. In a minipig SIBIW model, different suction pressures and routine dressing were applied. Histological and immunohistochemical comparisons as well as molecular biology methods were performed to compare the wound healing conditions, macrophage count and the levels of HA and CD44. The wound healing rate of the VSD group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with the −120 mmHg group exhibiting the best effects. The macrophage count of the VSD group was higher than that of the control group. The HA level fluctuation was higher in the VSD group, with the −120 mmHg and the −180 mmHg groups showing the most significant fluctuation (P < 0·05). CD44 was expressed in the full‐thickness wound‐limbic tissues and was higher in the treatment group than that in the control group, with the −120 mmHg group having the most obvious expression. VSD significantly improved the healing ability and increased the macrophage count and the HA content. It also promoted CD44 expression. −120 mmHg is the optimal negative pressure value.
Optical Temperature Sensing Behavior of High‐Efficiency Upconversion: Er3+–Yb3+ Co‐Doped NaY(MoO4)2 Phosphor
Authors: Yang Xingxing , Fu Zuoling , Yang Yanmin , Zhang Chunpeng , Wu Zhijian , Sheng Tianqi 
Published: May 2015

A class of Yb3+/Er3+ co‐doped NaY(MoO4)2 upconversion (UC) phosphors have been successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route with further calcination. The structural properties and the phase composition of the samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The UC luminescence properties of Yb3+/Er3+ co‐doped NaY(MoO4)2 were investigated in detail. Concentration‐dependent studies revealed that the optimal composition was realized for a 2% Er3+ and 10% Yb3+‐doping concentration. Two‐photon excitation UC mechanism further illustrated that the green enhancement arised from a novel energy‐transfer (ET) pathway which entailed a strong ground‐state absorption of Yb3+ ions and the excited state absorption of Yb3+–MoO42− dimers, followed by an effective energy transfer to the high‐energy state of Er3+ ions. We have also studied the thermal properties of UC emissions between 303 and 523 K for the optical thermometry behavior under a 980 nm laser diode excitation for the first time. The higher sensitivity for temperature measurement could be obtained compared to the previous reported rare‐earth ions fluorescence based optical temperature sensors. These results indicated that the present sample was a promising candidate for optical temperature sensors with high sensitivity.
Microwave Processing for Improved Ionic Conductivity in Li2O–Al2O3–TiO2–P2O5 Glass‐Ceramics
Authors: Davis Calvin , Nino Juan C. 
Published: May 2015

Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 (LATP) was synthesized using a glass‐ceramics approach through crystallization in a conventional box furnace and a modified microwave furnace. The microstructure of samples that were microwave processed at 1000°C showed a larger average grain size (0.87 μm) when compared with the grain size of conventionally processed samples (0.30 μm) at the same temperature. Microwave processing led to significant enhancement of the conductivity when compared with conventional processing for all crystallization temperatures investigated. The highest total conductivity achieved was of glass microwave processed at 1000°C, with a conductivity of 5.33 × 10−4 S/cm. This conductivity was five times higher than that of LATP crystallized conventionally at the same temperature.
Respecting Embedded Disability
Authors: Akhtar Sahar 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn certain ways, many disabilities seem to occupy a middle ground between illnesses like cancer and identity‐traits like race: like illnesses, they can present a wide variety of obstacles in a range of social and natural environments and, insofar as they do, they are something we should prevent potential people from having for their own sake; at the same time, those same types of disabilities can be, like race, a valuable part of the identity of the persons who already have them. I consider this seemingly dual nature of a significant class of disabilities to attempt to understand the proper relation of those disabilities to persons and how we should value or respect them. I argue for a distinction between embedded disabilities (e.g. John's blindness) and general disabilities (e.g. blindness‐in‐general); importantly not everyone with a disability will turn out to have an embedded disability. I then show that expressing negative value judgments about general disabilities does not typically express disrespect for people with disabilities — thereby addressing a long‐standing charge made by many in the disabilities community. Finally, I show that unlike with disabilities, expressing negative judgments about the general form of identity‐traits like race does typically express disrespect for people with those identity‐traits.
How Do Women with an Intellectual Disability Experience the Support of a Doula During Their Pregnancy, Childbirth and After the Birth of Their Child?
Authors: McGarry Alison , Stenfert Kroese Biza , Cox Rachel 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundWith increasing numbers of people with an intellectual disability choosing to become parents, the right support is imperative for effective parenting (Macintyre & Stewart ). The aim of this study was to gain insight into the experiences of parents who received support from Doulas during pregnancy, birth and following the birth of their child. In addition, the experiences of the Doulas who provided the support were investigated.Materials and MethodsFour women with an intellectual disability who received Doula support were interviewed before and after the birth of their child. Three Doulas were interviewed after the birth about their experiences of supporting women with an intellectual disability.ResultsInterview transcripts were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Themes were identified from each interview, before an overall analysis of themes from each support phase was undertaken.ConclusionsPre‐natally, the Doula was considered helpful and a reliable source of information about pregnancy. Each mother perceived Doula support as a means of keeping her child in her care. Post‐natally, mothers described a trusting relationship with their Doula, who enabled them to make informed choices. Doulas described how they adapted their work to meet the needs of parents with intellectual disability. Being involved in Child Protection procedures was perceived as stressful and challenging.
Outcome of Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with End‐Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis
Authors: EL‐CHAMI MIKHAEL F. , LEVY MATHEW , KELLI HEVAL M. , CASEY MARY , HOSKINS MICHAEL H. , GOYAL ABHINAV , LANGBERG JONATHAN J. , PATEL ANSHUL , DELURGIO DAVID , LLOYD MICHAEL S. , LEON ANGEL R. , MERCHANT FAISAL M. 
Published: May 2015

Subcutaneous ICD in Dialysis PatientsBackgroundAlthough the subcutaneous ICD (S‐ICD®) is an attractive alternative in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), data on S‐ICD outcomes in dialysis patients are lacking.MethodsPatients with cardiomyopathy undergoing S‐ICD implantation in our center were stratified by need for chronic dialysis at the time of implant. The primary endpoint was incidence of death, heart failure hospitalization or appropriate S‐ICD shocks, and secondary endpoints were incidence of inappropriate shocks or implant related complications requiring surgical re‐intervention. Mean follow‐up was longer in the nondialysis cohort (514 ± 495 vs. 227 ± 233 days, P = 0.006), so all endpoints were analyzed using time‐dependent comparisons and reported as annual event rates.ResultsOut of 79 S‐ICD implants included in this analysis, 27 patients were on dialysis. Dialysis patients were older and more likely to be diabetic. Mean ejection fraction across the entire cohort was 26.9% without significant difference between dialysis and nondialysis groups. Although not significant, the incidence of the primary endpoint was higher in the dialysis cohort (23.8%/year vs. 10.9%/year, P = 0.317), driven primarily by a higher rate of appropriate shocks. The rate of inappropriate shocks was similar between groups (dialysis 6.0%/year vs. nondialysis 6.8%/year, P = 0.509). No patients in the dialysis cohort had complications requiring surgical re‐intervention versus 6 patients in the nondialysis cohort (P = 0.086).ConclusionsOur data suggest that S‐ICD implantation in dialysis patients is not associated with an excess risk of implant related complications or inappropriate shocks.
Ac45 silencing mediated by AAV‐sh‐Ac45‐RNAi prevents both bone loss and inflammation caused by periodontitis
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Chen Wei , Hao Liang , Zhu Guochun , Lu Yun , Li Sheng , Wang Lin , Li Yi‐Ping 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimPeriodontitis induced by oral pathogens leads to severe periodontal tissue damage and osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption caused by inflammation. On the basis of the importance of Ac45 in osteoclast formation and function, we performed this study to evaluate the therapeutic potential of periodontitis by local adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated Ac45 gene knockdown.Material and MethodsWe used AAV‐mediated short hairpin RNAi knockdown of Ac45 gene expression (AAV‐sh‐Ac45) to inhibit bone erosion and gingival inflammation simultaneously in a well‐established periodontitis mouse model induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis W50. Histological studies were performed to evaluate the bone protection of AAV‐sh‐Ac45. Immunochemistry, ELISA and qRT‐PCR were performed to reveal the role of Ac45 knockdown on inflammation, immune response and expression of cytokine.ResultsWe found that Ac45 knockdown impaired osteoclast‐mediated extracellular acidification and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, local administration of AAV‐sh‐Ac45 protected mice from bone erosion by >85% and attenuated inflammation and decreased infiltration of T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages in the periodontal lesion. Notably, the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines was also reduced.ConclusionsLocal AAV‐sh‐Ac45 gene therapy efficiently protects against periodontal tissue damage and bone erosion through both inhibition of osteoclast function and attenuating inflammation, and may represent a powerful new treatment strategy for periodontitis.