bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toddler's self‐regulation strategies in a challenge context are nap‐dependent
Authors: Miller Alison L. , Seifer Ronald , Crossin Rebecca , Lebourgeois Monique K. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryEarly childhood represents a time of developmental changes in both sleep and self‐regulation, a construct reflecting the ability to control one's behaviour, attention and emotions when challenged. Links between sleep and self‐regulation processes have been proposed, but experimental evidence with young children is lacking. In the current study, we tested the effects of acute sleep restriction (nap deprivation) on toddlers’ self‐regulation. Healthy children (n = 12; four males; aged 30–36 months (33.9 ± 1.7)) slept on a strict schedule (verified with actigraphy and sleep diaries) for 5 days before each of two afternoon assessments following a nap and a no‐nap condition (~11‐day protocol). Children were videotaped while attempting an unsolvable puzzle, and 10 mutually exclusive self‐regulation strategies were later coded. On average, children lost ~90 min of sleep on the no‐nap versus the nap day. Nap deprivation resulted in moderate‐to‐large effects on self‐regulation strategies, with decreases in scepticism (d = 0.77; 7% change), negative self‐appraisal (d = 0.92; 5% change) and increases in physical self‐soothing (d = 0.68; 10% change), focus on the puzzle piece that would not fit (perseveration; d = 0.50; 9% change) and insistence on completing the unsolvable puzzle (d = 0.91; 10% change). Results suggest that sleep serves an important role in the way that toddlers respond to challenging events in their daily lives. After losing daytime sleep, toddlers were less able to engage effectively in a difficult task and reverted to less mature self‐regulation strategies than when they were well rested. Over time, chronically missed sleep may impair young children's self‐regulation abilities, resulting in risk for social–emotional, behavioural and school problems.
Chloroplast protrusions in leaves of Ranunculus glacialis L. respond significantly to different ambient conditions, but are not related to temperature stress
Authors: MOSER TIM , HOLZINGER ANDREAS , BUCHNER OTHMAR 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe occurrence of chloroplast protrusions (CPs) in leaves of Ranunculus glacialis L. in response to different environmental conditions was assessed. CPs occur highly dynamically. They do not contain thylakoids and their physiological function is still largely unknown. Controlled in situ sampling showed that CP formation follows a pronounced diurnal rhythm. Between 2 and 27 °C the relative proportion of chloroplasts with CPs (rCP) showed a significant positive correlation to leaf temperature (TL; 0.793, P < 0.01), while irradiation intensity had a minor effect on rCP. In situ shading and controlled laboratory experiments confirmed the significant influence of TL. Under moderate irradiation intensity, an increase of TL up to 25 °C significantly promoted CP formation, while a further increase to 37 °C led to a decrease. Furthermore, rCP values were lower in darkness and under high irradiation intensity. Gas treatment at 2000 ppm CO2/2% O2 led to a significant decrease of rCP, suggesting a possible involvement of photorespiration in CP formation. Our findings demonstrate that in R. glacialis, CPs are neither a rare phenomenon nor a result of heat or light stress; on the contrary, they seem to be most abundant under moderate temperature and non‐stress irradiation conditions.
Conserved and novel heat stress‐responsive microRNAs were identified by deep sequencing in Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)
Authors: LIU FULI , WANG WENJUN , SUN XIUTAO , LIANG ZHOURUI , WANG FEIJIU 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAs a temperate‐cold species, Saccharina japonica often suffers heat stress when it is transplanted to temperate and subtropical zones. Study the heat stress response and resistance mechanism of Saccharina is of great significance for understanding the acclimation to heat stress under domestication as well as for breeding new cultivars with heat stress resistance. In this study, we identified a set of heat stress‐responsive miRNAs and analysed their regulation during the heat stress response. CO (control) and heat stress (HS) sRNA libraries were constructed and sequenced. Forty‐nine known miRNAs and 75 novel miRNAs were identified, of which seven known and 25 novel miRNAs were expressed differentially under heat stress. Quantitative PCR of six selected miRNAs confirmed that these loci were responsive to heat stress. Thirty‐nine and 712 genes were predicted to be targeted by the seven known miRNAs and 25 novel miRNAs, respectively. Gene function and pathway analyses showed that these genes probably play important roles in S. japonica heat stress tolerance. The miRNAs identified represent the first set of heat‐responsive miRNAs identified from S. japonica, and their identification can help elucidate the heat stress response and resistance mechanisms in S. japonica.
Polymorphism of LRP5 gene and emphysema severity are associated with osteoporosis in Japanese patients with or at risk for COPD
Authors: Chubachi Shotaro , Nakamura Hidetoshi , Sasaki Mamoru , Haraguchi Mizuha , Miyazaki Masaki , Takahashi Saeko , Tanaka Kyuto , Funatsu Yohei , Asano Koichiro , Betsuyaku Tomoko ,   the Keio COPD Comorbidity Research (K‐CCR) Group
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveOsteoporosis is an important systemic comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, neither its mechanisms nor its risk factors have been fully elucidated. With regard to genetic factors, low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 5 (LRP5) A1330V is known to be associated with osteoporosis in the general population, but the influence of this polymorphism in COPD is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential risk factors of COPD‐related bone loss and fracture.MethodsKeio University and affiliated hospitals have enrolled an observational cohort to investigate the management of COPD comorbidities. To assess risk factors for osteopenia and osteoporosis, bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip and lumbar spine, presence of vertebral fracture, quantitative data on emphysema and airway wall on computed tomography, as well as LRP5 genotype were analysed in patients with or at risk for COPD (n = 270).ResultsThe percentage of subjects with osteoporosis (T‐score ≤ −2.5), osteopenia (T‐score between −1 and −2.5) and a normal BMD (T‐score ≥ −1) was 15.2%, 35.9% and 48.9%, respectively. T‐score was significantly decreased in subjects with LRP5 TT genotype (n = 15) compared with that in those with CC/CT genotype (n = 255) (−1.83 vs. −0.98, P = 0.0167). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, female gender (odds ratio (OR) 10.4; P < 0.0001), severe emphysema (OR 2.3; P = 0.013) and LRP5 TT genotype (OR 3.7; P = 0.031) independently increased the risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the complex pathophysiology of COPD‐related osteoporosis, including the influence of gender, clinical phenotype and genetic factors.
On the Sources of Inflation in Kenya: A Model‐Based Approach
Authors: Andrle Michal , Berg Andrew , Morales R. Armando , Portillo Rafael , Vlcek Jan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractsWe develop a semi‐structural new‐Keynesian open‐economy model – with separate food and non‐food inflation dynamics to study the sources of inflation in Kenya in recent years. To do so, we filter international and Kenyan data (on output, inflation and its components, exchange rates and interest rates) through the model to recover a model‐based decomposition of most variables into trends (or potential values) and temporary movements (or gaps) – including for the international and domestic relative price of food. We use the filtration exercise to recover the sequence of domestic and foreign macroeconomic shocks that account for business cycle dynamics in Kenya over the last few years, with a special emphasis on the various factors (international food prices, monetary policy) driving inflation. We find that while imported food price shocks have been an important source of inflation, both in 2008 and more recently, accommodating monetary policy has also played a role, most notably through its effect on the nominal exchange rate. We also discuss the implications of this exercise for the use of model‐based monetary policy analysis in sub‐Saharan African countries.
Simulation‐based education for transfusion medicine
Authors: Morgan Shanna , Rioux‐Masse Benjamin , Oancea Cristina , Cohn Claudia , Harmon James , Konia Mojca 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThe administration of blood products is frequently determined by physicians without subspecialty training in transfusion medicine (TM). Education in TM is necessary for appropriate utilization of resources and maintaining patient safety. Our institution developed an efficient simulation‐based TM course with the goal of identifying key topics that could be individualized to learners of all levels in various environments while also allowing for practice in an environment where the patient is not placed at risk.Study Design and MethodsA 2.5‐hour simulation‐based educational activity was designed and taught to undergraduate medical students rotating through anesthesiology and TM elective rotations and to all Clinical Anesthesia Year 1 (CA‐1) residents. Content and process evaluation of the activity consisted of multiple‐choice tests and course evaluations.ResultsSeventy medical students and seven CA‐1 residents were enrolled in the course. There was no significant difference on pretest results between medical students and CA‐1 residents. The posttest results for both medical students and CA‐1 residents were significantly higher than pretest results. The results of the posttest between medical students and CA‐1 residents were not significantly different.ConclusionThe TM knowledge gap is not a trivial problem as transfusion of blood products is associated with significant risks. Innovative educational techniques are needed to address the ongoing challenges with knowledge acquisition and retention in already full curricula. Our institution developed a feasible and effective way to integrate TM into the curriculum. Educational activities, such as this, might be a way to improve the safety of transfusions.
Reliability of the Dynamic Strength Index in College Athletes
Authors: Thomas Christopher , Jones Paul A. , Comfort Paul 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:To determine the reliability of the Dynamic Strength Index (DSI) in college athletes.Method:Nineteen male college athletes performed the squat jump (SJ) and isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) to determine peak force, on 2 separate days. Reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error (TE), percentage change in the mean, smallest worthwhile change (SWC), and coefficient of variation (%CV).Results:Peak force for the SJ was 2137 ± 499 N and 2781 ± 435 N for the IMTP, resulting in a mean DSI of 0.78 ± 0.19. Peak forces in the SJ (ICC = .99, TE = 57.22 N, change in mean = 0.2%, SWC = 4.7%, CV = 2.6%) and IMTP (ICC = .95, TE = 104.22 N, change in mean = 0.5%, SWC = 3.1%, CV = 3.8%) were considered highly reliable between sessions. However, IMTP peak force was the only variable with an overall TE < SWC. The DSI was also highly reliable (ICC = .97, TE = 0.03, change in mean = −0.3%, SWC = 5.1%, CV = 4.6%) between sessions.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that peak force in the SJ and IMTP are reliable, resulting in a reliable assessment of dynamic-force-production capabilities via the DSI. The DSI may be used to guide individualized training interventions and monitor specific adaptations to training. Changes in SJ peak force, IMTP peak force, and DSI were >4.67%, 3.13%, and 5.13%, respectively, identifying meaningful changes in response to training or competition.
The Intraday Reliability of the Reactive Strength Index Calculated From a Drop Jump in Professional Men’s Basketball
Authors: Markwick William J. , Bird Stephen P. , Tufano James J. , Seitz Laurent B. , Haff G. Gregory 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:To evaluate the reliability of the Reactive Strength Index (RSI) and jump-height (JH) performance from multiple drop heights in an elite population.Methods:Thirteen professional basketball players (mean ±SD age 25.8 ± 3.5 y, height 1.96 ± 0.07 m, mass 94.8 ± 8.2 kg) completed 3 maximal drop-jump attempts onto a jump mat at 4 randomly assigned box heights and 3 countermovement-jump trials.Results:No statistical difference was observed between 3 trials for both the RSI and JH variable at all the tested drop heights. The RSI for drop-jump heights from 20 cm resulted in a coefficient of variation (CV) = 3.1% and an intraclass correlation (ICC α) = .96, 40 cm resulted in a CV = 3.0% and an ICC α = .95, and 50 cm resulted in a CV = 2.1% and an ICC α = .99. The JH variable at the 40-cm drop-jump height resulted in the highest reliability CV = 2.8% and an ICC α = .98.Conclusion:When assessing the RSI the 20-, 40-, and 50-cm drop heights are recommended with this population. When assessing large groups it appears that only 1 trial is required when assessing the RSI variable from the 20, 40-, and 50-cm drop heights.
Five-Meter Rope-Climbing: A Commando-Specific Power Test of the Upper Limbs
Authors: Dhahbi Wissem , Chaouachi Anis , Padulo Johnny , Behm David G. , Chamari Karim 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:To examine the concurrent validity and absolute and relative reliabilities of a commando-specific power test.Participants:21 antiterrorism commandos.Methods:All participants were assessed on a 5-m rope-climbing test (RCT) and the following tests: pull-ups, push-ups, estimated-1-repetition-maximum (est-1RM), medicine-ball put, and handgrip-strength test. The stopwatch method related to the execution time (ET) was validated by comparison with video motion analysis. The best individual attempt of 3 trials was kept for analysis, and the performance was expressed in absolute power output (APO) and body-mass relative power output (RPO).Results:Stopwatch assessment had an excellent criterion validity (r = .99, P < .001), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,1) of .98, standard errors of measurement (SEM%) of 1.19%, bias ± the 95% limits of agreement of 0.03 ± 0.26 s, and minimal detectable change (MDC95) of 0.51 s. The ET, APO, and RPO were significantly correlated (P < .05) with all cited tests (absolute-value r range .55−.98), while est-1RM was not significantly correlated with the other tests. Test-retest reliability coefficients were excellent for ET, APO, and RPO (ICC3,1 > .90). The SEM% values for the ET, APO, and RPO were all under 5% (range 3.73−4.52%), all being smaller than the corresponding smallest worthwhile change. The coefficients of variation for the ET, APO, and RPO were all under 10%. %MDC95 ranged from 10.37% to 12.53%.Conclusions:Considering the strong concurrent validity and excellent test–retest reliability, the RCT is simple to administer, has ecological validity, and is a valid specific field test of upper-body power for commandos and, in addition, can be accurately assessed with a stopwatch.
Analysis of Changes in Diversity and Abundance of the Microbial Community in a Cystic Fibrosis Patient over a Multiyear Period
Authors: Stokell Joshua R. , Gharaibeh Raad Z. , Hamp Timothy J. , Zapata Malcolm J. , Fodor Anthony A. , Steck Todd R. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

The evolution of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) usually begins when bacteria get trapped in mucus in the lungs and become established as a chronic infection. While most CF patients experience periods of stability, pulmonary exacerbations (PEs) can occur multiple times per year and result in permanent damage to the lungs. Little is known of the shift from a period of stability to a PE, but this shift is likely to be attributed to changes in the bacterial community. Here, we identified changes in the lung microbiota to determine if they reflect patient health, indicate the onset of exacerbations, or are related to antibiotic treatment. In contrast to most bacterial studies on CF, we collected weekly samples from an adult CF patient over a period of 3 years and performed quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Illumina sequencing on those samples. While many DNA-based studies have shown the CF microbiota to be relatively stable, we observed an increase in the total bacterial abundance over time (
P
< 0.001), while the number of different taxa (bacterial richness) and the number of different taxa and their abundances (diversity) significantly decreased over time (
P
< 0.03), which was likely due to repeated antibiotic exposure. Using genus-specific primers with qPCR, we observed an increase in the abundance of
Burkholderia multivorans
, a CF-associated pathogen, prior to the occurrence of a PE (
P
= 0.006). Combining these DNA-based techniques with frequent sampling identified a potential initiator for exacerbations and described a response of the CF microbiota to time and antibiotic treatment not observed in previous CF microbiota studies.
Comparison of GenomEra C. difficile and Xpert C. difficile as Confirmatory Tests in a Multistep Algorithm for Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Alcalá Luis , Reigadas Elena , Marín Mercedes , Fernández-Chico Antonia , Catalán Pilar , Bouza Emilio 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

We compared two multistep diagnostic algorithms based on C. Diff Quik Chek Complete and, as confirmatory tests, GenomEra
C. difficile
and Xpert
C. difficile
. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 87.2%, 99.7%, 97.1%, and 98.3%, respectively, for the GenomEra-based algorithm and 89.7%, 99.4%, 95.5%, and 98.6%, respectively, for the Xpert-based algorithm. GenomEra represents an alternative to Xpert as a confirmatory test of a multistep algorithm for
Clostridium difficile
infection (CDI) diagnosis.
A Lethal Murine Infection Model for Dengue Virus 3 in AG129 Mice Deficient in Type I and II Interferon Receptors Leads to Systemic Disease
Authors: Sarathy Vanessa V. , White Mellodee , Li Li , Gorder Summer R. , Pyles Richard B. , Campbell Gerald A. , Milligan Gregg N. , Bourne Nigel , Barrett Alan D. T. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
The mosquito-borne disease dengue (DEN) is caused by four serologically and genetically related viruses, termed DENV-1 to DENV-4. Infection with one DENV usually leads to acute illness and results in lifelong homotypic immunity, but individuals remain susceptible to infection by the other three DENVs. The lack of a small-animal model that mimics systemic DEN disease without neurovirulence has been an obstacle, but DENV-2 models that resemble human disease have been recently developed in AG129 mice (deficient in interferon alpha/beta and interferon gamma receptor signaling). However, comparable DENV-1, -3, and -4 models have not been developed. We utilized a non-mouse-adapted DENV-3 Thai human isolate to develop a lethal infection model in AG129 mice. Intraperitoneal inoculation of six to eight-week-old animals with strain C0360/94 led to rapid, fatal disease. Lethal C0360/94 infection resulted in physical signs of illness, high viral loads in the spleen, liver, and large intestine, histological changes in the liver and spleen tissues, and increased serum cytokine levels. Importantly, the animals developed vascular leakage, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Overall, we have developed a lethal DENV-3 murine infection model, with no evidence of neurotropic disease based on a non-mouse-adapted human isolate, which can be used to investigate DEN pathogenesis and to evaluate candidate vaccines and antivirals. This suggests that murine models utilizing non-mouse-adapted isolates can be obtained for all four DENVs.

IMPORTANCE
Dengue (DEN) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by four DENV serotypes (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4) that have no treatments or vaccines. Primary infection with one DENV usually leads to acute illness followed by lifelong homotypic immunity, but susceptibility to infection by the other three DENVs remains. Therefore, a vaccine needs to protect from all four DENVs simultaneously. To date a suitable animal model to mimic systemic human illness exists only for DENV-2 in immunocompromised mice using passaged viruses; however, models are still needed for the remaining serotypes. This study describes establishment of a lethal systemic DENV-3 infection model with a human isolate in immunocompromised mice and is the first report of lethal infection by a nonadapted clinical DENV isolate without evidence of neurological disease. Our DENV-3 model provides a relevant platform to test DEN vaccines and antivirals.
Improving management of severe sepsis and uptake of sepsis resuscitation bundle in an acute setting
Authors: Kafle Sumitra , Nath Navdeep 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSevere sepsis still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, claiming between 36,000 to 64,000 lives annually in the UK, with a mortality rate of 35%.[1,2]The project aims to measure the management of severely septic patients in acute medical unit (AMU) in a district general hospital against best practice guidelines, before and after a set of interventions aiming to optimise patient management and outcomes.All new admissions who met the criteria for sepsis in AMU over a two week period were evaluated. Those who met the criteria for severe sepsis were further analysed. The criteria evaluated were time to first administration of oxygen, intravenous fluids, antibiotics, the taking of blood cultures, other relevant bloods tests (including lactate) and urine output monitoring. A re-audit was completed after the introduction of a set of interventions which included a "sepsis box."A total of 32 patients (19 Males, 13 Females) were identified in the pre-intervention group. Twenty-two of these patients met the criteria for severe sepsis. Only 15 out of 32 (47%) had their lactate measured. Ten out of 22 (45%) received fluids within an hour. Twelve out of 22 (55%) had their blood culture sample taken after administration of antibiotics and only 12 out of 22 (55%) had antibiotics administrated within an hour of medical assessment.Post-intervention the results however improved dramatically. A total of 30 patients were identified in the post-intervention group (12 Males, 18 Females). Antibiotics administration within an hour went up by 22%. Lactate was performed in 26/30 (87%) patients presented with sepsis compared to 47% in the pre-intervention group. Similarly, identification of severe sepsis, and administration of intravenous fluids also showed improvement ultimately improving patient safety.Following the initial success, the trial was repeated over three months period, which showed sustainable improvement.
Fate of a severely lame cow
Authors: Rees Gwen 
Published: November 2014

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘Fate of a severely lame cow ’, was submitted and is discussed by Gwen Rees. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue. Discussion of the dilemma ‘Euthanasia in a no‐kill shelter’, which was published in the October issue of In Practice, appears on page 527.The series is being coordinated by Siobhan Mullan, of the University of Bristol. It is hoped it will provide a framework that will help practices find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.