bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic transnasal odontoidectomy without resection of nasal turbinates: clinical outcomes of 13 patients
Authors: Yen Yu-Shu , Chang Peng-Yuan , Huang Wen-Cheng , Wu Jau-Ching , Liang Muh-Lii , Tu Tsung-Hsi , Cheng Henrich 
Published: October 2014

Object
The goal of the study was to report a series of consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic transnasal odontoidectomy (ETO) without resection of nasal turbinates. The techniques for this minimally invasive approach are described in detail.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent ETO for basilar invagination. All the patients had myelopathy caused by compression at the cervicomedullary junction, which required surgical decompression. Preoperative and postoperative data, including those from radiographic and clinical evaluations, were compared. Morbidity and mortality rates for the procedure are also reported in detail.

Results
Thirteen patients (6 men and 7 women) with a mean age of 52.7 years (range 24–72 years) were enrolled. The basilar invagination etiologies were rheumatoid arthritis (n = 5), trauma (n = 4), os odontoideum (n = 2), ankylosing spondylitis (n = 1), and postinfectious deformity (n = 1). The average follow-up duration was 51.2 months (range 0.3–105 months). One patient died 10 days after the operation as a result of meningitis caused by CSF leakage. Among the other 12 patients, the average postoperative Nurick grade (3.2) was significantly improved over that before the operation (4.1, p = 0.004). The mean (± SD) duration of postoperative intubation was 1.5 ± 2.1 days, and there was no need for perioperative tracheostomy or nasogastric tube feeding. There also was no postoperative velopharyngeal insufficiency. There were 6 (46%) intraoperative and 2 (15%) postoperative CSF leaks in the 13 patients in this series.

Conclusions
ETO is a viable and effective option for decompression at the ventral cervicomedullary junction. This approach is minimally invasive and causes little velopharyngeal insufficiency. The pitfall of this approach is the difficulty in repairing dural defects and subsequent CSF leakage.
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2: a prospective study of complications
Authors: Malham Gregory M. , Parker Rhiannon M. , Ellis Ngaire J. , Blecher Carl M. , Chow Fiona Y. , Claydon Matthew H. 
Published: October 2014

Object
The use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 (rhBMP-2) in anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is controversial regarding the reported complication rates and cost. The authors aimed to assess the complication rates of performing ALIF using rhBMP-2.

Methods
This is a prospective study of consecutive patients who underwent ALIF performed by a single spine surgeon and a single vascular surgeon between 2009 and 2012. All patients underwent placement of a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage filled with rhBMP-2 and a separate anterior titanium plate. Preoperative clinical data, operative details, postoperative complications, and clinical and radiographic outcomes were recorded for all patients. Clinical outcome measures included back and leg pain visual analog scale scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and SF-36 Physical and Mental Component Summary (PCS and MCS) scores. Radiographic assessment of fusion was performed using high-definition CT scanning. Male patients were screened pre- and postoperatively regarding sexual dysfunction, specifically retrograde ejaculation (RE).

Results
The study comprised 131 patients with a mean age of 45.3 years. There were 67 men (51.1%) and 64 women (48.9%). Of the 131 patients, 117 (89.3%) underwent ALIF at L5–S1, 9 (6.9%) at L4–5, and 5 (3.8%) at both L4–5 and L5–S1. The overall complication rate was 19.1% (25 of 131), with 17 patients (13.0%) experiencing minor complications and 8 (6.1%) experiencing major complications. The mean estimated blood loss per ALIF level was 115 ml. There was 1 incidence (1.5%) of RE. No significant vascular injuries occurred. No prosthesis failure occurred with the PEEK cage and separate anterior screw-plate. Back and leg pain improved 57.2% and 61.8%, respectively. The ODI improved 54.3%, with PCS and MCS scores improving 41.7% and 21.3%, respectively. Solid interbody fusion was observed in 96.9% of patients at 12 months.

Conclusions
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion with a vascular access surgeon and spine surgeon, using a separate cage and anterior screw-plate, provides a very robust and reliable construct with low complication rates, high fusion rates, and positive clinical outcomes, and it is cost-effective. The authors did not experience the high rates of RE reported by other authors using rhBMP-2.
A staining protocol for identifying secondary compounds in Myrtaceae
Authors: Retamales Hernan A. , Scharaschkin Tanya 
Published: October 2014

• Premise of the study: Here we propose a staining protocol using toluidine blue (TBO) and ruthenium red to reliably identify secondary compounds in the leaves of some species of Myrtaceae.• Methods and Results: Leaves of 10 species representing 10 different genera of Myrtaceae were processed and stained using five different combinations of ruthenium red and TBO. Optimal staining conditions were determined as 1 min of ruthenium red (0.05% aqueous) and 45 s of TBO (0.1% aqueous). Secondary compounds clearly identified under this treatment include mucilage in the mesophyll, polyphenols in the cuticle, lignin in fibers and xylem, tannins and carboxylated polysaccharides in the epidermis, and pectic substances in the primary cell walls.• Conclusions: Potential applications of this protocol include systematic, phytochemical, and ecological investigations in Myrtaceae. It might be applicable to other plant families rich in secondary compounds and could be used as a preliminary screening method for extraction of these elements.
L'épreuve de droit
Authors: Tricoire Agnès 
Published: October 2014

Résumé New York, 1917. Marcel Duchamp se procure un urinoir chez Matt, un drugstore de Manhattan. Sous le pseudonyme de Richard Mutt, il le propose sans succès à une exposition libre de sculpture, après l’avoir intitulé Fountain et renversé, de sorte qu’il soit inutilisable dans sa fonction première. « Certains, écrit-il dans la revue The Blind Man , ont prétendu que c’était du plagiat » ; d’autres ont mis l’accent sur l’absence d’exécution personnelle. Pourtant, « que Mr Mutt ait fabriqué ou non la fontaine de (...)
Les choses de James Agee
Authors: Casanova Pascale 
Published: October 2014

Résumé Pour qui refuse de choisir entre objectivité et subjectivité, photographie et écriture, art et science, ethnographie et journalisme, reportage et philosophie, réel et fiction, description de ce qui est et désir d’autre chose, Louons maintenant les grands hommes de James Agee est un manifeste en acte. Voyage sur la crête. « Là dans la petite poussière frileuse qui vivote sous les porches : clous rouillés, courbés, fourbus, un bouton en os, ses deux yeux déchirés à n’en plus faire qu’un ; l’envers percé (...)
L'avant-gardisme médicosocial mutualiste : retour sur une page blanche de l'histoire de la Mutualité (1850-1945)
Authors: Siney-Lange Charlotte 
Published: October 2014

Du milieu du xix e siècle jusqu’à la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le mouvement mutualiste a impulsé de nombreuses réalisations sanitaires et médicosociales : pharmacies, dispensaires, établissements antituberculeux, cliniques, etc. Cet article présente ces réalisations, appréhende les objectifs des mutualistes et décrit l’adaptation de ces établissements aux évolutions sociales, économiques et politiques de la France du premier xx e siècle.
Distribution and sources of particulate organic matter in the Indian monsoonal estuaries during monsoon
Authors: Sarma V. V. S. S. , Krishna M. S. , Prasad V. R. , Kumar B. S. K. , Naidu S. A. , Rao G. D. , Viswanadham R. , Sridevi T. , Kumar P. P. , Reddy N. P. C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe distribution and sources of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PN) in 27 Indian estuaries were examined during the monsoon using the content and isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen. Higher phytoplankton biomass was noticed in estuaries with deeper photic zone than other estuaries receiving higher suspended matter. The δ13CPOC and δ15NPN data suggest that relatively higher δ13CPOC (−27.9 to −22.6‰) and lower δ15NPN (0.7 to 5.8‰) were noticed in the estuaries located in the northern India, north of 16°N, and lower δ13CPOC (−31.4 to −28.2‰) and higher δ15NPN (5 to 10.3‰) in the estuaries located in the southern India. This is associated with higher Chl a in the northern than southern estuaries suggesting that in situ production contributed significantly to the POC pool in the former, whereas terrestrial sources are important in the latter estuaries. The spatial distribution pattern of δ15NPN is consistent with fertilizer consumption in the Indian subcontinent, which is twice as much in the northern India as in the south whereas δ13CPOC suggests that in situ production is a dominant source in the southern and terrestrial sources are important in the northern estuaries. Based on the Stable Isotope Analysis in R model, 40–90% (70–90%) of organic matter is contributed by C3 plants (freshwater algae) in the estuaries located in the northern (southern) India.
The Role of Surface States in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Hematite
Authors: Iandolo Beniamino , Hellman Anders 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHematite (α‐Fe2O3) is an extensively investigated semiconductor for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The nature and role of surface states on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remain however elusive. First‐principles calculations were used to investigate surface states on hematite under photoelectrochemical conditions. The density of states for two relevant hematite terminations was calculated, and in both cases the presence and the role of surface states was rationalized. Calculations also predicted a Nerstian dependence on the OER onset potential on pH, which was to a very good extent confirmed by PEC measurements on hematite model photoanodes. Impedance spectroscopy characterization confirmed that the OER takes place via the same surface states irrespective of pH. These results provide a framework for a deeper understanding of the OER when it takes place via surface states.
‘Imperfect’ conjugated polymer nanoparticles from MEH‐PPV for bioimaging and Fe(III) sensing
Authors: Xu Jingyi , Zhou Ying , Cheng Guifang , Liu Shuxian , Dong Meiting , Huang Chaobiao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA simple and effective method was reported for the preparation from MEH‐PPV of conjugated polymer nanoparticles (Pdots) that are water‐soluble and well dispersed. The as‐prepared Pdots show bright orange fluorescence at a quantum yield up to 32.37%. The fluorescence intensity of Pdots can be quenched with good selectively by the successive addition of Fe3+. In addition, the as‐obtained Pdots were applied to the imaging of HeLa cells, and exhibited low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Trisheteroleptic RuII‐Based Molecular Switch
Authors: Monczak Katharina , Peuntinger Katrin , Sorsche Dieter , Heinemann Frank W. , Guldi Dirk M. , Rau Sven 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of a trisheteroleptic ruthenium complex [Ru(tb)(dppz)(tmbiH2)][PF6]2 (tb=4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, dppz=dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazin, tmbiH2=5,6,5′,6′‐tetramethyl‐2,2′‐bibenzimidazole) is described. In addition, the structural characterisation by means of 1D, 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, along with determination of the solid‐state structure of the important precursor Ru(tb)(dppz)Cl2, supports the proposed octahedral coordination geometry. The capability of tmbiH2 to form hydrogen bonds is corroborated by the solid‐state structure. The photochemical characteristics of this complex can be described as a combination of the “light switch” effects, which are either attributed to the dppz or to the tmbiH2 ligand. To illustrate the molecule’s double switchable features, steady‐state absorption and emission measurements were performed, which include the determination of the quantum yield and the pKa values of the acidic protons of the tmbiH2 ligand. Notably, the emission lifetimes are sensitive to the solvents used. This phenomenon is due to a proton‐coupled deactivation of the excited metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state of the complex.
Prevalence and prognostic value of human papillomavirus genotypes in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma: A Korean multicenter study
Authors: No Jae Hong , Sung Myung‐Whun , Hah J. Hun , Choi Seung Ho , Lee Myung‐Chul , Kim Hee Seung , Song Yong‐Sang 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUNDThis study was aimed at investigating the change in the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and the association of the HPV genotype with the prognosis.METHODSThis multicenter study included 175 patients with TSCC from 3 general hospitals between 1991 and 2009. HPV DNA was detected in paraffin‐embedded tissues with genotyping chips. A survival analysis that considered clinicopathological factors, the HPV genotype, and the expression of p53, retinoblastoma protein, p16, and epidermal growth factor receptor (assessed with immunohistochemistry) was performed with Cox regression analysis.RESULTSHigh‐risk HPV types were found in 23.4% of the cases. The prevalence of HPV‐18 (10.3%) was as high as that of HPV‐16 (10.3%). The proportion of high‐risk HPV‐positive tumors increased from 5.9% in 1991 to 31.6% in 2009. HPV‐16 positivity was associated with an advanced stage and lymph node metastasis, whereas HPV‐18 positivity was associated with old age and an advanced T stage. The survival analysis showed that old age and T classification were poor prognostic factors, whereas the expressions of various biomarkers were not associated with prognosis. HPV‐18–positive cases had a poorer prognosis than HPV‐16–positive cases and non–HPV‐related TSCC cases. A multivariate analysis revealed that HPV‐18 positivity, old age, and an advanced T stage were independent prognostic factors for predicting poor outcomes for patients with TSCC.CONCLUSIONSThe proportion of HPV‐positive tonsillar cancer cases has increased during the last 20 years in the Republic of Korea. The presence of HPV‐18 may serve as a biomarker for a poor prognosis. Cancer 2015;121:535–544. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Optimal employment of color attributes to achieve saliency in icon matrix designs
Authors: Choi Kyungah , Suk Hyeon‐Jeong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWith the wide use of smart devices, through which information is presented in vast quantities, objective guidelines are needed to enable designers to choose appropriate colors for information display. The purpose of this study is to determine which colors are the most eye‐catching in displays that employ icon matrices and thereby provide empirical grounds for strengthening the visual information structure of interface designs. Three attributes of color, which include hue, tone, and color combinations, are examined to optimize the color saliency in information displays. An eye‐tracking study was conducted to evaluate saliency objectively by analyzing fixations of visual attention. Based on the hue‐saturation‐brightness color system, a 5‐by‐5 matrix of 25 color patches was adopted to generate 21 color stimuli. Part I of the study focused on hue and indicated that warm colors are perceptually more eye‐catching relative to cool and neutral colors. Part II of the study investigated tonal influences and revealed that highly saturated colors provoked the greatest visual magnetism against a black background across all hue groups, although there was an alternative tendency for a blue hue. Contrary to expectations, no distinctive patterns were observed among brightness groups. With regard to color combination, Part III of the study provided empirical verification that high contrast between a foreground and a background generates a more dominant conspicuity. The results of the present study can be applied in designing electronic interfaces that display icon matrices to create effective communication by guiding visual attention and increasing aesthetic satisfaction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 429–436, 2015
Responses to drought stress among sex morphs ofOxyria sinensis(Polygonaceae), a subdioecious perennial herb native to theEastHimalayas
Authors: Yang Jie , Hu Lijuan , Wang Zhengkun , Zhu Wanlong , Meng Lihua 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIt is generally accepted that dioecious plants occur more frequently in dry and nutrient‐poor habitats, suggesting that abiotic stress factors could contribute to evolution of dioecy from hermaphrodite. Therefore, experimental investigations on the responses of subdioecious species, a special sexual system comprising male, female, and hermaphrodite plants, to abiotic stress factors could quantify the contribution of selective pressure on the evolution of dioecy. In this study, we evaluated the physiological responses of different sex morphs ofOxyria sinensisHemsley, a perennial herb native to the East Himalayas, to drought stress. Male, female, and hermaphrodite plants ofO. sinensiswere subjected to low, moderate, and high drought stress conditions in a glasshouse. Generally, with increasing water stress, the values of most measured variables slightly decreased, whereas water‐use efficiency slightly increased. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in most of the measured parameters among the sex morphs under each drought stress treatment, indicating thatO. sinensismight be well‐adapted to drought stress conditions as its typical habitat is the dry and hot habitats of xerothermic river valleys. However, nitrogen‐use efficiency was significantly higher in male and female plants than in hermaphrodite plants under high drought stress conditions, suggesting that that nitrogen‐use efficiency under conditions of drought stress might have contributed to the evolution of dioecy from the hermaphrodite to some degree.
Plant‐derived differences in the composition of aphid honeydew and their effects on colonies of aphid‐tending ants
Authors: Pringle Elizabeth G. , Novo Alexandria , Ableson Ian , Barbehenn Raymond V. , Vannette Rachel L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn plant–ant–hemipteran interactions, ants visit plants to consume the honeydew produced by phloem‐feeding hemipterans. If genetically based differences in plant phloem chemistry change the chemical composition of hemipteran honeydew, then the plant's genetic constitution could have indirect effects on ants via the hemipterans. If such effects change ant behavior, they could feed back to affect the plant itself. We compared the chemical composition of honeydews produced by Aphis nerii aphid clones on two milkweed congeners, Asclepias curassavica and Asclepias incarnata, and we measured the responses of experimental Linepithema humile ant colonies to these honeydews. The compositions of secondary metabolites, sugars, and amino acids differed significantly in the honeydews from the two plant species. Ant colonies feeding on honeydew derived from A. incarnata recruited in higher numbers to artificial diet, maintained higher queen and worker dry weight, and sustained marginally more workers than ants feeding on honeydew derived from A. curassavica. Ants feeding on honeydew from A. incarnata were also more exploratory in behavioral assays than ants feeding from A. curassavica. Despite performing better when feeding on the A. incarnata honeydew, ant workers marginally preferred honeydew from A. curassavica to honeydew from A. incarnata when given a choice. Our results demonstrate that plant congeners can exert strong indirect effects on ant colonies by means of plant‐species‐specific differences in aphid honeydew chemistry. Moreover, these effects changed ant behavior and thus could feed back to affect plant performance in the field.
Rapid quantification of polar compounds in thermo‐oxidized oils by HPTLC‐densitometry
Authors: Correia Ana Cristina , Dubreucq Eric , Ferreira‐Dias Suzana , Lecomte Jérôme 
Published: October 2014

The level of polar compounds is a good indicator of oil quality and it is the basis of the international regulations limiting the use of degraded frying fats/oils for human consumption. According to ISO 8420:2002 standard, polar compound content is determined by adsorption chromatography extraction followed by gravimetric quantification. This simple and accurate method is time‐consuming and considerable amounts of silica‐gel and solvents are needed. This study aims at developing a fast and reliable alternative method for polar compound quantification in frying oils, using HPTLC‐densitometry. This technique was tested for soybean, sunflower and peanut oils, heated at 180°C, and for frying oil samples. This technique proved to be fast, accurate and repeatable.Practical applications: The developed method is adequate for rapid screening of unknown oil samples, with respect to their level of polar compounds. Using HPTLC‐densitometry to evaluate polar compound content in oils, the number of samples to be analyzed by the ISO standard method may be considerably reduced to those having values close to the maximum allowed. Thus, the proposed methodology allows for a reduction in time and chemicals used, with economic and environmental benefits.HPTLC‐densitometry is an alternative technique to the standard method for polar compound quantification in heated/frying vegetable oils. The method developed is fast, accurate, and repeatable with economic and environmental benefits.
Role of SLCO1B1, ABCB1, and CHRNA1 gene polymorphisms on the efficacy of rocuronium in Chinese patients
Authors: Mei Yang , Wang Sai‐Ying , Li Yang , Yi Shuang‐Qiang , Wang Chun‐Yan , Yang Mi , Duan Kai‐Ming 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study explored the role of SLCO1B1, ABCB1, and CHRNA1 gene polymorphisms on the efficacy and duration of action of rocuronium in Chinese patients. Two hundred seven unrelated Chinese patients scheduled for elective surgery were recruited, and 200 completed the study. Their ABCB1, SLCO1B1, and CHRNA1 genotypes were determined. Demographic and clinical non‐genetic data also were collected. The SLCO1B1, ABCB1, and CHRNA1 variants did not affect the onset time of rocuronium. Clinical duration and recovery time of rocuronium were prolonged in patients with the ABCB1 rs1128503TT and SLCO1B1 rs2306283 AG and GG genotypes. We demonstrate that the SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 gene variants could affect the pharmacodynamics of rocuronium. The ABCB1 rs1128503 C>T genotype was the most important factor on the efficacy of rocuronium.
Morphology and crystallization behavior of poly(l‐lactide)/poly(butylene oxalate) blends
Authors: Kuo Pei‐Chun , Chang Ya‐Ching , Chen Chuh‐Yung , Lo Chieh‐Tsung 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe isothermal crystallization of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) in blends with poly(butylene oxalate) (PBOX) is investigated by time‐resolved small‐angle X‐ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and optical microscopy. We focus on the temperatures at which only PLLA crystallizes while PBOX is amorphous. It is obtained that the addition of PBOX causes a reduction of the melting temperature of PLLA. The lamellar thickness of PLLA crystals decreases whereas the amorphous layer thickness increases with blend composition, suggesting the occurrence of the interlamellar incorporation upon the addition of PBOX. The crystal growth rate and morphology of PLLA/PBOX blends are analyzed by polarized optical microscopy. The spherulite growth rate of PLLA is found to increase with the addition of PBOX. Analysis of the isothermal crystallization in terms of the Lauritzen and Hoffman equation give the reduction of the fold surface free energy upon the addition of PBOX in PLLA, indicating that the mobility of the PLLA chains is significantly improved due to the presence of PBOX. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 192–202