bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross Sectional Study to Assess the Awareness and Practice Regarding Iron Deficiency Anaemia and its Prevention Among Adolescent Girls of Selected Schools of Bardoli
Authors: Mayuri Rabari  , Rani Shetty  , Manjunath Beth  
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Anaemia is a state in which the concentration of haemoglobin or red blood cells number is less than normal within the body.1Objectives of the study were to assess the awareness and practice regarding Iron deficiencyanaemia and its prevention among school adolescent girls and to find out the correlation between mean score of awareness and practice.Methodology: A quantitative study approach and cross-sectional research design was adopted to assess the awareness and practice regarding iron deficiency anaemia and its prevention among adolescent girls. The sample consisted of 237 girls who were school going adolescents. The samples were selected using non probability consecutive sampling technique. The data was collected through the administration of structured questionnaire, which consists of 14 demographic questions, 20 knowledge questions and 20 practice questions (checklist). Data was analysed by using statistical and inferential methods.Result: This study results revealed that, 11% of samples had good awareness where as 17% of samples had poor awareness and three percent of samples had good practice where as 13% of samples had poor practice regarding Iron deficiency anaemia and its prevention. The correlation between mean score of awareness and practicewere 9.07 and 8.74.Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the samples were having less awareness and practice regarding iron deficiency anaemia and its prevention. Interventional measures will help to improve their practice and awareness.
A Comparison Between Open Kinetic and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises Along with Conservative Treatment in Grade-I ACL Injury in Sprinters: A Randomized Controlled Trail
Authors: Mohit Kumar  , Vani Madaan  
Published: July 2024

Background:Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is most common in sports players such as soccer, basketball, sprinters, which causes alleviated strength in quadriceps muscles, and Range of Motion (ROM) of Knee Joint, and along with this, decrease in efficiency of knee that impacts person’s Activity of daily living (ADL). So, after ACL injury, Rehabilitation protocol plays a great role in maintaining knee ROM, increases the strength of quadriceps muscles. This study aims to compare the effect of open kinetic chain exercises and closed kinetic chain exercises and compare to asses which type of protocol is much efficient for ACL-Injury rehab protocol.
Methodology: A comparative study was done over 50 male sprinters of 18-25 years old to assess the effect of Open Kinetic chain exercises (OKC) and closed kinetic chain exercises (CKC). Study was divided into 2 groups: OKC group and CKC group. In OKC Group, subject has to do flexor-extensor bench, isotonic quadriceps exercise and long leg press-off exercises with the conventional physiotherapy whereas in CKC group, subjects has to do wall sits exercises, standing weight shift, one-legged dips exercise, and squatting lunges along with the conventional physiotherapy. Each exercise was performed with 3 sets of 20 repetition, 3 days/week for 45 days. The data was collected from various academies of Satara, Maharashtra after obtaining the ethical permission. Subjects were explained about the procedure and protocol of research. ROM, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) scale were used as Outcome measures. Readings were noted on Day 0 and Day 45. The data was analyzed by using JASP Software.
Results: 25 subjects were there in both groups, with the mean age of 23.4 years in CKC group whereas the mean age is 23.44 in OKC group. The mean value of NPRS in OKC group is 4.280±0.843 and that of CKC groups is 4.160±0.624. And the mean value of Knee ROM in CKC group is 118±5 while that of in OKC group is 107.2±4.52.
Conclusion: In summary, this study highlights the importance of a tailored rehabilitation program combining OKC and CKC exercises for Grade-I ACL injuries in sprinters. Both exercise types play a crucial role in restoring knee function and strength. As per our study, CKC exercises are better than OKC exercises. So, CKC exercises should be incorporated into rehabilitation program of grade-I ACL injuries.
Fundamentos del Doble Juzgamiento Penal en Casos de Delitos Contra la Vida, Cuando han sido Sancionados por la Jurisdicción Indígena
Authors: Samaniego Zambrano Stefany Belén , Rivera Torres Elkin Paul , Duran Campo Armando Rogelio 
Published: July 2024

En Ecuador, desde la Constitución de 1998 y reafirmado en la de 2008, se reconoce el principio del pluralismo jurídico, que incluye la justicia indígena como un mecanismo para que las comunidades y pueblos indígenas puedan ejercer funciones judiciales dentro de sus territorios. Sin embargo, ha surgido un desafío relacionado con la administración de esta justicia, razón por la cual la Corte Constitucional ha tomado la decisión de establecer restricciones para evitar el doble juzgamiento y la duplicación de procesos judiciales entre la justicia ordinaria y la indígena. Estas limitaciones indican los criterios sobre qué casos pueden ser conocidos por las autoridades indígenas y cuáles no son de su competencia, debido a su complejidad o naturaleza específica como los delitos contra la vida, que deben ser tratados por otras instancias judiciales. Para dar solución a dicha dicotomía de jurisdicciones, es fundamental establecer mecanismos de cooperación y coordinación que definan claramente la competencia de las autoridades indígenas en la resolución de casos judiciales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar a fondo los fundamentos del doble juzgamiento penal en casos de delitos contra la vida, específicamente aquellos que han sido sancionados por la jurisdicción indígena en Ecuador, con el propósito de comprender los compromisos jurídicos, culturales y de derechos humanos implicados, identificando posibles controversias entre la jurisdicción indígena y el sistema ecuatoriano, y de esta manera brindar recomendaciones para un marco legal y procesal más equitativo y respetuoso que proteja en primer lugar la diversidad cultural y los derechos fundamentales.
A Survey of Galaxy Pairs in the SDSS Photometric Images based on Faster-RCNN
Authors: Shi 史 Chen-hui 晨辉 , Yang 杨 Hai-feng 海峰 , Cai 蔡 Jiang-hui 江辉 , Zhou 周 Li-chan 立婵 , He 贺 Yan-ting 艳婷 , Su 苏 Mei-hong 美红 , Zhao 赵 Xu-jun 旭俊 , Xun 荀 Ya-ling 亚玲 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Galaxy pairs hold significant importance in understanding the evolution of galaxies, and the extensive search for a large sample of galaxy pairs is meaningful. In this article, we develop a deep learning-based approach for the search of galaxy pairs and conduct a comprehensive search on Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images. In nine million photometric images, 17,965 physical galaxy pairs with spectral or photometric redshifts are detected. Four sets of results are provided, including physical pairs determined by two spectral redshifts, two photometric redshifts, one spectral redshift, and one photometric redshift, and visual irregular pairs that have no precise redshift information but can be inferred as physical galaxy pairs based on the morphological changes. Then their morphological and physical characteristics are explored, the redshifts of most targets are around 0.1, and as the redshift difference between two galaxies increases, the number of galaxy pairs gradually reduces. The distributions of star formation rate (SFR) are not the same for different morphologies of galaxy pairs, irregular pairs have higher SFR than the other three types, and statistics indicate that the SFR of galaxies depends on both nearby galaxies and internal properties. Color and stellar mass are also key properties of galaxies which can reflect the status of galaxy pairs. Compared to other surveys, a greater number of galaxy pair targets are detected, and this is also the first extensive detection of galaxy pairs in SDSS images using photometric redshifts. These galaxy pair samples can greatly aid in the study of galaxy evolution.
A Radio Flare in the Long-lived Afterglow of the Distant Short GRB 210726A: Energy Injection or a Reverse Shock from Shell Collisions?
Authors: Schroeder Genevieve , Rhodes Lauren , Laskar Tanmoy , Nugent Anya , Rouco Escorial Alicia , Rastinejad Jillian C. , Fong Wen-fai , van der Horst Alexander J. , Veres Péter , Alexander Kate D. , Andersson Alex , Berger Edo , Blanchard Peter K. , Chastain Sarah , Christensen Lise , Fender Rob , Green David A. , Groot Paul , Heywood Ian , Horesh Assaf , Izzo Luca , Kilpatrick Charles D. , Körding Elmar , Lien Amy , Malesani Daniele B. , McBride Vanessa , Mooley Kunal , Rowlinson Antonia , Sears Huei , Stappers Ben , Tanvir Nial , Vergani Susanna D. , Wijers Ralph A. M. J. , Williams-Baldwin David , Woudt Patrick 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present the discovery of the radio afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst (GRB) 210726A, localized to a galaxy at a photometric redshift of z ∼ 2.4. While radio observations commenced ≲1 day after the burst, no radio emission was detected until ∼11 days. The radio afterglow subsequently brightened by a factor of ∼3 in the span of a week, followed by a rapid decay (a “radio flare”). We find that a forward shock afterglow model cannot self-consistently describe the multiwavelength X-ray and radio data, and underpredicts the flux of the radio flare by a factor of ≈5. We find that the addition of substantial energy injection, which increases the isotropic kinetic energy of the burst by a factor of ≈4, or a reverse shock from a shell collision are viable solutions to match the broadband behavior. At z ∼ 2.4, GRB 210726A is among the highest-redshift short GRBs discovered to date, as well as the most luminous in radio and X-rays. Combining and comparing all previous radio afterglow observations of short GRBs, we find that the majority of published radio searches conclude by ≲10 days after the burst, potentially missing these late-rising, luminous radio afterglows.
Identification of Hot Gas around Low-mass Protostars
Authors: van ’t Hoff Merel L. R. , Bergin Edwin A. , Riley Penelope , Mittal Sanil , Jørgensen Jes K. , Tobin John J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The low carbon content of Earth and primitive meteorites compared to the Sun and interstellar grains suggests that carbon-rich grains were destroyed in the inner few astronomical units of the young solar system. A promising mechanism to selectively destroy carbonaceous grains is thermal sublimation within the soot line at ≳300 K. To address whether such hot conditions are common among low-mass protostars, we observe CH3CN transitions at 1, 2, and 3 mm with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array toward seven low-mass and one intermediate-mass protostar (L
bol ∼ 2–300L
⊙), as CH3CN is an excellent temperature tracer. We find >300 K gas toward all sources, indicating that hot gas may be prevalent. Moreover, the excitation temperature for CH3OH obtained with the same observations is always lower (∼135–250 K), suggesting that CH3CN and CH3OH have a different spatial distribution. A comparison of the column densities at 1 and 3 mm shows a stronger increase at 3 mm for CH3CN than for CH3OH. Since the dust opacity is lower at longer wavelengths, this indicates that CH3CN is enhanced in the hot gas compared to CH3OH. If this CH3CN enhancement is the result of carbon-grain sublimation, these results suggest that Earth’s initial formation conditions may not be rare.
First Detection of CO Isotopologues in a High-redshift Main-sequence Galaxy: Evidence of a Top-heavy Stellar Initial Mass Function
Authors: Guo Ziyi , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Yan Zhiqiang , Gjergo Eda , Man Allison W. S. , Ivison R. J. , Fu Xiaoting , Shi Yong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recent observations and theories have presented a strong challenge to the universality of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) in extreme environments. A notable example has been found for starburst conditions, where evidence favors a top-heavy IMF, i.e., there is a bias toward massive stars compared to the IMF that is responsible for the stellar mass function and elemental abundances observed in the Milky Way. Local starburst galaxies have star formation rates similar to those in high-redshift main-sequence galaxies, which appear to dominate the stellar mass budget at early epochs. However, the IMF of high-redshift main-sequence galaxies is yet to be probed. Since 13CO and C18O isotopologues are sensitive to the IMF, we have observed these lines toward four strongly lensed high-redshift main-sequence galaxies using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Of our four targets, SDSS J0901+1814, at z ≈ 2.26, is seen clearly in 13CO and C18O, the first detection of CO isotopologues in the high-redshift main-sequence galaxy population. The observed 13C/18O ratio, 2.4 ± 0.8, is significantly lower than that of local main-sequence galaxies. We estimate the isotope ratio, oxygen abundance, and stellar mass using a series of chemical evolution models with varying star formation histories and IMFs. All models favor an IMF that is more top-heavy than that of the Milky Way. Thus, as with starburst galaxies, main-sequence galaxies in the high-redshift Universe have a greater fraction of massive stars than a Milky Way IMF would imply.
Seeing the Unseen: A Method to Detect Unresolved Rings in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Scardoni Chiara E. , Booth Richard A. , Clarke Cathie J. , Rosotti Giovanni P. , Ribas Álvaro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations reveal a wealth of substructure in protoplanetary disks, they remain incapable of resolving the types of small-scale dust structures predicted, for example, by numerical simulations of the streaming instability. In this article, we propose a method to find evidence for unresolved, optically thick dusty rings in protoplanetary disks. We demonstrate that, in presence of unresolved rings, the brightness of an inclined disk exhibits a distinctive emission peak at the minor axis. Furthermore, the azimuthal brightness depends on both the geometry of the rings and the dust optical properties; we can therefore use the azimuthal brightness variations to both detect unresolved rings and probe their properties. By analyzing the azimuthal brightness in the test case of ringlike substructures formed by streaming instability, we show that the resulting peak is likely detectable by ALMA for typical disk parameters. Moreover, we present an analytic model that not only qualitatively but also quantitatively reproduces the peak found in the simulations, validating its applicability to infer the presence of unresolved rings in observations and characterize their optical properties and shape. This will contribute to the identification of disk regions where streaming instability (and thus planet formation) is occurring.
High-energy Neutrinos from Outflows Powered by the Kicked Remnants of Binary Black Hole Mergers in Active Galactic Nucleus Accretion Disks
Authors: Ma Zhi-Peng , Wang Kai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Merging of stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) could take place within the accretion disks of active galactic nuclei (AGN). The resulting BH remnant is likely to accrete the disk gas at a super-Eddington rate, launching a fast, quasi-spherical outflow (wind). Particles will be accelerated by shocks driven by the wind, subsequently interacting with the shocked disk gas or radiation field through hadronic processes and resulting in the production of high-energy neutrinos and potential electromagnetic (EM) emission. This study delves into the intricate evolution of the shock driven by a merged BH wind within an AGN disk. Subsequently, we calculated the production of neutrinos and the expected detection numbers for a single event, along with their contributions to the overall diffuse neutrino background. Our analysis, which considers various scenarios, reveals considerable neutrino production and possible detection by IceCube for nearby events. The contribution of merged BH winds on the diffuse neutrino background is minor due to the low event rate density, but it can be improved to some extent for some optimistic parameters. We also propose that there could be two neutrino/EM bursts, one originating from the premerger BBH wind and the other from the merged BH wind, with the latter typically having a delay to the gravitational wave (GW) event of around tens of days. When combined with the anticipated GWs emitted during the BBH merger, such a system emerges as a promising candidate for joint observations involving neutrinos, GWs, and EM signals.
Revisiting γ-Ray Emission of the Supernova Remnant RCW 103
Authors: Xing Yi , Wang Zhongxiang , Zheng Dong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We analyze more than 15 yr of γ-ray data obtained with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) for the region of the young supernova remnant (SNR) RCW 103, since the nearby source 4FGL J1616.2−5054e, counterpart to HESS J1616−518 and ≃13′ away from the SNR, is determined to be extended in the more recent Fermi-LAT source catalog. Different templates for 4FGL J1616.2−5054e and RCW 103 are tested, and we find that a point source (PS) with a power-law (PL) spectrum at the southern limb of the SNR best describes the detected γ-ray emission. The photon index of the PL emission is Γ ≃ 2.31 (or α ≃ 2.4 in a log-parabola model), softer than the previously reported Γ ≃ 2.0 when the counterpart to HESS J1616−518 was considered to be a PS (which likely caused misidentification of extended emission at RCW 103). In order to produce the γ-ray emission in a hadronic scenario, we estimate that protons with an index ∼2.4 PL energy distribution are needed. These results fit with those from multiwavelength observations that have indicated the remnant at the southern limb is interacting with a molecular cloud.
Le Faust de Goethe entre stéréotypes nationaux et (re)lecture mythique
Authors: Paul Claude 
Published: July 2024

À eux seuls, le motif et le titre du Faust de Goethe étaient d’emblée propices à une lecture stéréotypée de l’œuvre, et ce, de part et d’autre du Rhin. Si l’on ajoute à cela le caractère difficilement jouable de l’œuvre et sa remise en question de la règle classique française des trois unités, on obtient par ricochet, pour les critiques allemands comme français, une œuvre profondément germanique. Il ne reste plus qu’à chercher dans les principaux personnages de quoi raffermir des stéréotypes qui perdurent depuis César et Tacite, et le tour est joué. Néanmoins, le « Prologue dans le ciel » de Goethe, qui fait de Faust l’objet exemplaire d’une dispute métaphysique entre Dieu et le diable, confère à l’œuvre une dimension mythique dont le propos tend à l’universel. Or l’analyse comparée des discours critiques et des « adaptations plastiques » dans les aires culturelles germanophones et francophones montre que cette scène au potentiel mythique pourtant si riche ne parvient pas à endiguer le discours nationaliste qui s’abattra bientôt sur la tragédie de Goethe. Seul Delacroix reprendra à son compte les questions existentielles soulevées par le poète de Weimar afin de lui opposer une vision bien plus noire de l’homme et de sa destinée.
Les Principaux moments d’après le Faust de Goethe (Hauptmomente zu Goethes Faust) de Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein comme interprétation nazaréenne tardive d’un mythe clé de la modernité et ses prédécesseurs dresdois Moritz August Retzsch et Carl Gustav Carus
Authors: Vogel Gerd-Helge 
Published: July 2024

Grâce aux premières illustrations du Faust de Goethe par Moritz August Retzsch, de 1808 à 1810, une réception artistique intensive de l’épopée nationale allemande s’est instituée dans l’art des artistes romantiques dresdois et s’est étendue bien au-delà du xixe siècle. Chaque génération d’artistes a abordé à sa manière ce mythe clé de la modernité en créant ses propres stéréotypes de la figure de Faust afin de pouvoir l’accaparer à ses propres fins idéologiques. Outre Moritz August Retzsch et Carl Gustav Carus, c’est surtout Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein, peintre de cour saxon et professeur d’académie, qui s’est livré à une intense confrontation intellectuelle avec ses amis Retzsch et Carus – mais aussi avec le cercle intellectuel de l’Accademia Dantesca du prince Johann. Il a conçu une œuvre d’art riche en scènes dans laquelle la figure de Faust n’était plus considérée comme un stéréotype de l’homme qui fait un pacte avec le diable et finit en enfer, châtié de sa présomption et de son arrogance, mais comme un « homme noble doué d’éminentes qualités » (Vogelstein), qui expérimente sa purification à travers « divers processus de développement et métamorphoses de l’homme intérieur [avec la] nécessité [de passer par] le péché et qui fait l’expérience de la purification afin que le divin [en lui] » (Carus) puisse se libérer. Dans une perspective nazaréenne tardive, Vogelstein a établi un parallèle entre le processus de purification du développement humain vers le bien, vécu par Faust, et les transformations éprouvées par les protagonistes de La Divine Comédie de Dante et de l’Énéide de Virgile. En même temps, Retzsch et Carus, par leurs propres représentations de Faust, ont préparé la figure faustienne positivement connotée de Vogelstein. Ce dernier stéréotype montre un être humain tombé dans le péché par nécessité, mais capable de purification. Sa quête du sens et de la connaissance permet finalement d’espérer la possibilité d’un salut (chrétien).
Codes de la négativité. Iconographies de Méphistophélès, 1808-1828
Authors: Klausnitzer Ralf 
Published: July 2024

Depuis le début de leur transmission historique au début de l’ère moderne, ils forment un couple inséparable : le savant Faust et son partenaire diabolique Méphistophélès entretiennent une relation complexe qui a fortement inspiré l’histoire des idées et de la littérature tout comme les arts visuels du xvie au xxe siècle. Les deux parties du Faust de Johann Wolfgang Goethe constituent sans nul doute un point culminant dans la conception de cette relation aux dimensions multiples. Cette œuvre dramatique ne modernise pas seulement le personnage du savant des débuts de l’ère moderne, exemplifiant grâce à lui les traits de la quête constante du savoir et du plaisir. Elle modernise également la figure de son partenaire diabolique Méphistophélès. Jusqu’à l’œuvre de Goethe, le diable apparaissait surtout comme l’adversaire du Dieu chrétien et du plan de salut divin. Désormais, il est « l’esprit qui toujours nie » et représente le principe de négativité ainsi que les processus dialectique et rhétorique. Chez Goethe, Méphistophélès est à la fois le représentant du système de connaissances des débuts de l’ère moderne et le convive de la nuit de Walpurgis médiévale ; il invente le papier-monnaie, important pour l’économie et la spéculation capitaliste financière. Il joue les animateurs d’une société de cour avide de divertissements et, en tant que trompeur trompé, il finit par perdre sa proie. Ces aspects innovants du personnage de Méphistophélès se vérifient à l’examen de son iconographie traditionnelle : les innovations de Goethe sont reconnaissables en regard de l’imagerie historique et des représentations stéréotypées de Méphistophélès. Ainsi l’article reconstruit d’abord les attributs et les modèles de représentation visuelle du diable dans l’histoire de l’art depuis l’Histoire du docteur Johannes Faustus (1587). Il traite ensuite les illustrations et images d’après Faust I réalisées entre l’édition originale (1808) et la traduction française assortie des lithographies d’Eugène Delacroix (1828). Une attention particulière est accordée aux représentations traditionnelles héritées du début de l’ère moderne (Méphistophélès en chasseur et en moine ; Méphistophélès ailé et velu, etc.) et à leur négation dialectique dans les œuvres des frères Riepenhausen, Moritz Retzsch et Delacroix.