bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule‐Dental Subscale
Authors: Ma Lin , Wang Meng , Jing Quan , Zhao Jizhi , Wan Kuo , Xu Qun 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundThe Children's Fear Survey Schedule‐Dental Subscale (CFSS‐DS) is a commonly used questionnaire that measures children's dental fears.AimThis study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the CFSS‐DS.DesignThe CFSS‐DS was translated into Chinese and administered to children in a dental office. The sample comprised 206 child patients aged 6–10 years, 42 of whom were selected for test–retest analysis. The behaviors of all 206 children were rated during their dental appointments and compared to their questionnaire results.ResultsThe internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was 0.85, and the test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation) was 0.71. The Chinese version of the CFSS‐DS showed good criterion validity; children who were uncooperative on the Frankl Scale had higher mean CFSS‐DS scores (Z = 5.79). Through factorization, three factors emerged: (1) dental treatment, (2) hospital personnel, and (3) invasive dental procedures. Girls reported more fear than boys (21.79 vs 19.91), and children who had painful dental experiences reported more fear (30.87 vs 20.00).ConclusionThese results suggest that the CFSS‐DS is reliable and valid and operates in China as it does in other cultures. Further studies should include school samples to evaluate children who may not go to the dentist.
Status of End‐of‐life Electronic Product Remanufacturing in China
Authors: Tan Quanyin , Zeng Xianlai , Ijomah Winifred L. , Zheng Lixia , Li Jinhui 
Published: April 2014

SummaryRemanufacturing is an industrial process of returning used or worn‐out products to an “as‐new” functional state with an equal warranty to newly manufactured equivalents. In recent years, remanufacturing has become an emerging research area, a direction toward which China's economic development is tending as well. As the world's fastest‐growing solid waste stream, the handling of end‐of‐life (EOL) electronic products has drawn global concern, and China is no exception. Although it is currently at a preliminary development stage, the remanufacturing of EOL electronic products is rapidly developing, supported by relevant policies. There is a critical need for properly structured management systems, especially when it comes to regulations and standards applicable to EOL electronic products—both at the stage of remanufacturing processes and end products. The status of EOL electronic product remanufacturing in China is reviewed from three perspectives: (1) policies, regulations, and standards; (2) research; and (3) industry. The scope for remanufactured electronic products hereby analyzed mainly covers the following products: cartridge; copier; and information technology (IT) servers. For these, there is an urgent development need of methods and/or tools enabling a standardized remanufacturability assessment. Consumers’ willingness to buy remanufactured products could also be promoted through the improvement and dissemination of knowledge and know‐hows related to remanufacturing. The rapid advances in technology and products, and the falling prices of electronic products, could result in an adverse impact on remanufacturing.
Recent Decreases in Specific Interpretation Biases Predict Decreases in Neuroticism: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study With Young Adult Couples
Authors: Finn Christine , Mitte Kristin , Neyer Franz J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEngaging in a romantic relationship represents one important life experience in young adulthood that has been shown to catalyze age‐related decrease in neuroticism (Neyer & Lehnart, 2007). The current research builds directly on this finding by investigating one process that underlies the partnership effect. We focused on the relationship‐specific interpretation bias (RIB; Finn, Mitte, & Neyer, 2013), which is the tendency to interpret ambiguous partner and relationship scenarios in a negative way. It was expected that the RIB decreases within relationships in young adulthood and that this decrease in turn predicts long‐term declines in neuroticism. A sample of 245 young adult romantic couples was assessed four times across 9 months. Actor and partner effects of changes in the RIB on changes in neuroticism were analyzed using a dyadic dual change model. Recent time‐to‐time decreases in the RIB predicted one's own (actor effect) decline in neuroticism across 9 months. Similarly, there was a trend for a partner effect. We conclude that changes in biased relationship‐specific interpretations reflect one unique process that contributes to the understanding of romantic relationship effects on personality development.
The in-vitro effect of complementary and alternative medicines on cytochrome P450 2C9 activity
Authors: Mooiman Kim D , Goey Andrew K L , Huijbregts Tomy J , Maas-Bakker Roel F , Beijnen Jos H , Schellens Jan H M , Meijerman Irma 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study is to establish the inhibitory effects of 14 commonly used complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) on the metabolism of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) substrates 7-methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl coumarine (MFC) and tolbutamide. CYP2C9 is important for the metabolism of numerous drugs and inhibition of this enzyme by CAM could result in elevated plasma levels of drugs that are CYP2C9 substrates. Especially for anticancer drugs, which have a narrow therapeutic window, small changes in their plasma levels could easily result in clinically relevant toxicities.

Methods
The effects of CAM on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism of MFC were assessed in Supersomes, using the fluorometric CYP2C9 inhibition assay. In human liver microsomes (HLM) the inhibition of CYP2C9-mediated metabolism of tolbutamide was determined, using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Key findings
The results indicated milk thistle as the most potent CYP2C9 inhibitor. For milk thistle, silybin (main constituent of milk thistle) was mainly responsible for the inhibition of CY2C9.

Conclusions
Milk thistle and green tea were confirmed as potent inhibitors of CYP2C9-mediated metabolism of multiple substrates in vitro. Clinical studies with milk thistle are recommended to establish the clinical relevance of the demonstrated CYP2C9 inhibition.
Plasma disposition kinetics of moxidectin after subcutaneous administration to pregnant sheep
Authors: Pérez R. , Núñez M. J. , Palma C. , Riquelme J. , Arboix M. 
Published: April 2014

The plasma kinetic profile of moxidectin (MXD) in ewes during the last third of pregnancy was studied after the subcutaneous dose of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight (bw). Two groups of sheep (n = 7) that were equally balanced in body weight were used. Group I (control) was maintained unmated, while Group II (pregnant) was estrous‐synchronized and mated with fertile rams. Both groups were maintained under similar conditions regarding management and feeding. When the ewes from Group II fulfilled 120 days of pregnancy, both groups were treated with a subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mg of MXD/kg bw. Blood samples were collected at different set times between 1 h and 40 days post‐treatment. After plasma extraction and derivatization, the samples were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. A noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed, and the data were compared using Student's t‐test. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters, including Cmax, Tmax, and the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC), were similar for both groups of sheep. The average of elimination half‐life was significantly lower (P = 0.0023) in the pregnant (11.49 ± 2.2 days) vs. the control (17.89 ± 4.84 days) sheep. Similarly, the mean residence time (MRT) for the pregnant group (20.6 ± 3.8 days) was lower (P = 0.037) than that observed in the control group (27.4 ± 9.1 days). It is concluded that pregnancy produces a significant decrease in mean values of half‐life of elimination of MXD, indicating that pregnancy can increase the rate of elimination of the drug reducing their permanence in the body.
Carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococci by healthy companion animals in the US
Authors: Davis J.A. , Jackson C.R. , Fedorka-Cray P.J. , Barrett J.B. , Brousse J.H. , Gustafson J. , Kucher M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAntimicrobial-resistant staphylococci have been associated with wounded or ill companion animals, but little is known about the prevalence of resistant staphylococci among healthy animals. In this study, 276 healthy dogs and cats from veterinary clinics were tested for the presence of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus spp. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of select resistance genes, and typed using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were also characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing and SCCmec typing. Approximately 5% (14/276) of the animals were positive by enrichment for five species of staphylococci [Staph. aureus (n = 11), Staph. pseudintermedius (n = 4), Staphylococcus sciuri (n = 6), Staphylococcus simulans (n = 1) and Staphylococcus warneri (n = 1)]. Seventy-eight per cent (18/23) of staphylococci were resistant to oxacillin and also multidrug resistant (resistance to ≥ 2 antimicrobials). All Staph. aureus isolates were mecA+ and blaZ+, SCCmec type II, spa type t002, ST5 and clonal using PFGE. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were SCCmec type IV or V, spa type t06 and ST170; two of the isolates were pvl+. These results suggest that healthy companion animals may be a reservoir of multidrug-resistant staphylococci, which may be transferred to owners and others who handle companion animals.Significance and Impact of the StudyIn this study, antimicrobial-resistant coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococci were isolated from various body sites on healthy dogs and cats. Resistance to 14 antimicrobials was observed including resistance to oxacillin; the majority of staphylococci were also multidrug resistant. Results from this study suggest that healthy dogs and cats may act as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria that may be transferred to people by simple interaction with the animals. Such carriage poses an underlying risk of infection, which should be considered during handling of healthy dogs and cats by pet owners and veterinary personnel.
Impact of spatial resolution on results of esophageal high‐resolution manometry
Authors: De Schepper H. U. , Kessing B. F. , Weijenborg P. W. , Oors J. M. , Smout A. J. P. M. , Bredenoord A. J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe Chicago classification for esophageal motility disorders was designed for a 36‐channel manometry system with sensors spaced at 1 cm. However, many motility laboratories outside the USA use catheters with a lower resolution in the segments outside the esophagogastric junction. Our aim was to investigate the effect of spatial resolution on the Chicago metrics and diagnosis.MethodsIn 20 healthy volunteers and 47 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, high‐resolution manometric studies of the esophagus were retrospectively reanalyzed using the original 1‐cm spacing in the segments outside the 7‐cm esophagogastric junction segment, and again after manually increasing the spacing between sensors to 2, 3, and 4 cm (above the lower esophageal sphincter region). Measurements were analyzed in random order and the investigator was blinded to the outcome of the analyses performed in another resolution of the same patient. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Kappa values were determined.Key ResultsThere was a very strong correlation between the 1‐cm and 2‐cm analysis for all Chicago metrics studied in healthy volunteers (ICCs: distal contractile integral 0.998; contractile front velocity (CFV) 0.964; distal latency 0.919; peristaltic break size 0.941). The 2‐cm spacing analysis also correlated very well with the 1‐cm analysis for the different Chicago diagnoses obtained in the patients (Kappa values ranging from 0.665 to 1.000). When the sensor spacing was increased to 3 and 4 cm, the correlation was reduced to moderate for the Chicago metrics, especially for break size and CFV of peristalsis.Conclusions & InferencesThe Chicago classification for esophageal motility disorders is still valid and the same normal values can be used when catheters with a slightly lower resolution are used (i.e., 2‐cm vs 1‐cm spacing). For larger sensor intervals, the classification and the normal values will need to be adjusted.
If The US And Japan Don't Deter China, Dominos Will Fall
Authors: FUNABASHI YOICHI 
Published: April 2014

Despite grand visions of a cosmopolitan planet living in peace, the first globalization at the turn of the 20th century descended into World War I as the old empires scrambled to preserve themselves as others sought self‐determination. Powers on the losing end of that war reasserted themselves in yet another worldwide calamity within decades.After World War II, in the early 1950s, with the victorious American‐led alliance in the driver's seat, institutions such as the United Nations and the Bretton Woods arrangements created a global stability that enabled peace, prosperity and the “rise of the rest.”In 2014, the world order is shifting again with the rise of China reviving in Asia the very kind of nationalist rivalries that led Europe to war twice in the 20th century.Will we be able to build new institutions that accommodate the new powershift without resorting to war, or will the second globalization collapse as well? Top strategists from the US, Japan and China respond to this momentous question.
The Middle Kingdom and the Coming World Disorder
Authors: LI ERIC X. 
Published: April 2014

Despite grand visions of a cosmopolitan planet living in peace, the first globalization at the turn of the 20th century descended into World War I as the old empires scrambled to preserve themselves as others sought self‐determination. Powers on the losing end of that war reasserted themselves in yet another worldwide calamity within decades.After World War II, in the early 1950s, with the victorious American‐led alliance in the driver's seat, institutions such as the United Nations and the Bretton Woods arrangements created a global stability that enabled peace, prosperity and the “rise of the rest.”In 2014, the world order is shifting again with the rise of China reviving in Asia the very kind of nationalist rivalries that led Europe to war twice in the 20th century.Will we be able to build new institutions that accommodate the new powershift without resorting to war, or will the second globalization collapse as well? Top strategists from the US, Japan and China respond to this momentous question.
China's New Foreign Policy: Not Conflict But Convergence Of Interests
Authors: XUETONG YAN 
Published: April 2014

Despite grand visions of a cosmopolitan planet living in peace, the first globalization at the turn of the 20th century descended into World War I as the old empires scrambled to preserve themselves as others sought self‐determination. Powers on the losing end of that war reasserted themselves in yet another worldwide calamity within decades.After World War II, in the early 1950s, with the victorious American‐led alliance in the driver's seat, institutions such as the United Nations and the Bretton Woods arrangements created a global stability that enabled peace, prosperity and the “rise of the rest.”In 2014, the world order is shifting again with the rise of China reviving in Asia the very kind of nationalist rivalries that led Europe to war twice in the 20th century.Will we be able to build new institutions that accommodate the new powershift without resorting to war, or will the second globalization collapse as well? Top strategists from the US, Japan and China respond to this momentous question.
Only A Grand Compromise Between US And China Can Reduce East Asian Tensions
Authors: YOUNG‐KWAN YOON 
Published: April 2014

Despite grand visions of a cosmopolitan planet living in peace, the first globalization at the turn of the 20th century descended into World War I as the old empires scrambled to preserve themselves as others sought self‐determination. Powers on the losing end of that war reasserted themselves in yet another worldwide calamity within decades.After World War II, in the early 1950s, with the victorious American‐led alliance in the driver's seat, institutions such as the United Nations and the Bretton Woods arrangements created a global stability that enabled peace, prosperity and the “rise of the rest.”In 2014, the world order is shifting again with the rise of China reviving in Asia the very kind of nationalist rivalries that led Europe to war twice in the 20th century.Will we be able to build new institutions that accommodate the new powershift without resorting to war, or will the second globalization collapse as well? Top strategists from the US, Japan and China respond to this momentous question.
Trends in the incidence of and survival rates for oral cavity cancer in the Korean population
Authors: Choi SW , Moon E‐K , Park JY , Jung K‐W , Oh C‐M , Kong H‐J , Won Y‐J 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThis study assessed trends in the incidence of and survival rates for oral cavity cancer in the Korean population.Materials and MethodsData from the Korea Central Cancer Registry were extracted for 10 282 patients diagnosed with oral cavity cancer (C01‐C06) between 1999 and 2010 to evaluate the age‐standardised incidence rate, annual percentage change (APC) and 5‐year relative survival rate (RSR) according to gender and age.ResultsIn males, the incidence rate slightly decreased [APC of −0.2% (P = 0.6427)]; in females, the incidence rate increased [APC of 3.1% (P < 0.05)]. In males and females, the incidence of oral tongue cancer (C02) significantly increased [APC of 2.2% and 4.1%, respectively (P < 0.05)]. This increase in oral tongue cancer incidence was most prominent in the younger age group (<40 years, APC = 6.1%, P < 0.05). The incidence of buccal cheek cancer increased only among males [APC of 4.8% (P < 0.05)]. The 5‐year RSR improved from 42.7% (1993–1995) to 59.5% (2006–2010), corresponding to an increase of 16.8% from 1993 to 2010 (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe incidence of oral cavity cancer in females increased, whereas it stabilised or decreased in males. However, the incidence of oral tongue cancer increased in both males and females, especially in the younger age group.
SERVANT LEADERSHIP, TRUST, AND THE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES IN CHINA
Authors: MIAO QING , NEWMAN ALEXANDER , SCHWARZ GARY , XU LIN 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSo‐called servant leaders strive selflessly and altruistically to assist others before themselves, work to develop their followers' greatest potential, and seek to benefit the wider community. This article examines the trust‐based mechanisms by which servant leadership influences organizational commitment in the Chinese public sector, using data from a survey of civil servants. Quantitative analysis shows that servant leadership strongly influences affective and normative commitment, while having no impact on continuance commitment. Furthermore, we find that affective trust rather than cognitive trust is the mechanism by which servant leadership induces higher levels of commitment. Our findings suggest that in a time of decreasing confidence levels in public leaders, servant leadership behaviour may be used to re‐establish trust and create legitimacy for the Chinese civil service.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia diagnosed on nasal mucosal biopsy in two newborns
Authors: Yasuhara Jun , Yamada Yuji , Hara Kaori , Suhara Rieko , Hattori Yujiro , Yamaguchi Tetsuji , Mizuno Yusuke , Kizu Rika , Bamba Masahiro 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disease that causes abnormalities in ciliary structure and/or function. Ciliated cells line the upper and lower respiratory tracts and the Eustachian tube. Impairment of mucus clearance at these sites leads to sinusitis, repeated pulmonary infections, bronchiectasis, and chronic otitis media. Situs inversus occurs randomly in approximately 50% of subjects with PCD. The triad of situs inversus, bronchiectasis and sinusitis is known as Kartagener syndrome. PCD is usually an autosomal recessive disease, but occasional instances of X‐linked transmission have been reported. Specific diagnosis requires examination of ciliary function or structure on light and electron microscopy. Early diagnosis and respiratory management are important in order to prevent the development of bronchiectasis and deterioration in lung function. We report early diagnosis of PCD on nasal mucosal biopsy in two newborns who presented with prolonged respiratory distress and rhinorrhea.
Accuracy of telediagnosis of fetal heart disease using ultrasound images transmitted via the Internet
Authors: Hishitani Takashi , Fujimoto Yoshitaka , Saito Yukinori , Sugamoto Kenji , Hoshino Kenji , Ogawa Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe verified the feasibility of telediagnosis of fetal disease by (i) grading telediagnosis by a pediatric cardiologist into five confidence levels; and (ii) comparison of fetal telediagnosis with hands‐on fetal diagnosis or postnatal diagnosis. In 114 patients suspected of having heart disease (real time, n = 15; recorded image transmission, n = 99), 79 patients were in level 5 (excellent), 17 in level 4 (good), eight in level 3 (fair), 10 in level 2 (poor), and no patients in level 1 (bad). The average was 4.5, and in 96 patients (84% of all) telediagnosis was accurate (above 4), whereas in 18 patients it was inaccurate (level 2 or 3). In re‐examination of 25 patients, telediagnosis was confirmed in patients in level 4 and 5, whereas heart disease was missed in patients in levels 2 or 3. The correct diagnosis matched the high confidence level of a specialist based on recognizable transmitted images.
Efficacy of micafungin in pediatric immunocompromised patients with invasive fungal infection
Authors: Hashii Yoshiko , Kusuki Shigenori , Takizawa Sachiko , Tokimasa Sadao , Ohta Hideaki , Hara Junichi , Ozono Keiichi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundMicafungin, an antifungal echinocandin, has been indicated for pediatric patients with invasive fungal infection (IFI) in Japan and Europe. Its efficacy in immunocompromised pediatric patients with IFI, however, has not been fully investigated.MethodsThe safety and efficacy of micafungin as an antifungal therapy were analyzed in nine consecutive severe immunocompromised patients with IFI.ResultsThree patients with proven or probable Candida infections had complete response to micafungin therapy. Of the other six patients with proven, probable or possible Aspergillus infection, four had complete response and one had partial response to micafungin treatment. No severe adverse events were observed.ConclusionsIn this small series, micafungin was effective for IFI caused by both Candida and Aspergillus species and no severe adverse events were observed in these immunocompromised patients.
Branchio‐oto‐renal syndrome: Comprehensive review based on nationwide surveillance in Japan
Authors: Morisada Naoya , Nozu Kandai , Iijima Kazumoto 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBranchio‐oto‐renal (BOR) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by branchiogenic malformation, hearing loss and renal anomalies. The prevalence of BOR syndrome is 1/40 000 in Western countries, and nationwide surveillance in 2009–2010 identified approximately 250 BOR patients in Japan. Three causative genes for BOR syndrome have been reported thus far: EYA1, SIX1, and SIX5, but the causative genes for approximately half of all BOR patients remain unknown. This review article discusses the epidemiology, clinical symptoms, genetic background and management of BOR syndrome.