bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Therapeutic Relationship
Authors: Freeman Arthur 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The therapeutic relationship is believed to be a key ingredient for effective therapy in virtually all treatment models and therapy modalities. Cognitive behavioral therapy is often mistakenly assumed to avoid or give limited attention to the therapeutic relationship. This chapter addresses this mistaken notion and describes how cognitive behavioral therapy deals with the relationship. By differentiating between the therapeutic alliance—the implicit and explicit contract regarding the goals of therapy—and the therapeutic bond, which subsumes the interpersonal relationship between therapist and patient, the cognitive behavioral therapist can focus on the specific needs of the patient in terms of the patient's disorder, therapist and patient skill sets, and systemic support for change. Therapeutic relationship‐enhancing and therapeutic destructive behaviors are both explicated and discussed. Clinical examples are used to clarify and elucidate the specific interventions.
Metacognitive Therapy
Authors: Wells Adrian 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMetacognitive therapy is based on an information processing model. Psychological disorder is seen as resulting from extended thinking in response to negative thoughts or beliefs. This thinking occurs as a specific cognitive attentional syndrome comprised of worry, rumination, focusing on threat, and coping behaviors that have paradoxical effects. The cognitive attentional syndrome prolongs the sense of threat and impairs flexible mental control and is caused by metacognition; in particular, the domains of positive and negative metacognitive beliefs. Metacognitive therapy, developed by Adrian Wells, aims to reduce the cognitive attentional syndrome and modify these underlying metacognitions. The treatment directly improves the control of worry, rumination, and attention, and challenges metacognitive beliefs. The theory and treatment is supported by empirical evidence and the results of clinical trials show that the treatment effect sizes are large. The principles and practice of metacognitive therapy are described and illustrated in obsessive‐compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Contingency Management Treatments
Authors: Byrne Shannon A. , Petry Nancy M. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Contingency management is a behavioral intervention in which tangible reinforcement is provided for the demonstration of positive, quantifiable behaviors. Contingency management is particularly efficacious for the treatment of substance use disorders, when objective measures of abstinence are reinforced. This chapter reviews the efficacy of contingency management for substance use disorders, alone and in combination with other cognitive therapies, as well as important behavioral principles that can foster behavioral change. Key elements of contingency management interventions, including the frequency and magnitude of reinforcement, assessment of substance use, and possible adverse effects, are described. Types of reinforcement, such as draws from a prize bowl with the chance of winning prizes, or vouchers that can be exchanged for retail goods, are also presented. Integration of contingency management with cognitive behavioral therapy is also described.
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Svaldi Jennifer , Tuschen‐Caffier Brunna 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEating disorders are associated not only with mental and behavioral problems, but also with an increased risk for body damage, cardiac arrest, and premature death. Overvaluation of body weight and shape and associated body dissatisfaction are core features of anorexia nervosa as well as bulimia nervosa. Patients' self‐evaluation is strongly dependent on how satisfied or unsatisfied they are with weight or shape. For the treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, cognitive behavioral approaches focus on the distinctive features of the disorder: nutritional management and normalization of food intake; alteration of body image disturbances and negative feelings toward one's body; alteration of the functional relation of stress and eating behavior. Empirical evaluation confirms that psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. For bulimia nervosa, the therapeutic approach should be cognitive behavioral. For anorexia nervosa, the evidence of treatment effectiveness is rather scarce.
School Refusal Behavior
Authors: Kearney Christopher A. , Diliberto Rachele 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSchool refusal behavior refers to a child‐motivated refusal to attend school and/or difficulties remaining in classes for an entire day. Cognitive behavioral treatment approaches for anxiety‐based school refusal behavior involve key components such as psychoeducation, somatic control exercises, cognitive therapy, coping skills training, and gradual exposure to the school setting. Youths who refuse school for positive reinforcement receive several cognitive behavioral treatment strategies that are targeted primarily toward parents and/or family members. These strategies include contingency management and contingency contracting as well as related practices such as forced school attendance, communication skills training, peer refusal skills training, attendance journals, and escorts to school and class. Broader strategies to address problematic absenteeism have also incorporated cognitive behavioral components and include school‐based truancy courts, alternative school‐based programs, and mental health and related initiatives.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Authors: Rasmussen Jessica , Blashill Aaron J. , Greenberg Jennifer L. , Wilhelm Sabine 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBody dysmorphic disorder is characterized by a significant preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance that causes significant distress and impairment. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the most widely studied and empirically supported psychosocial intervention for body dysmorphic disorder. Cognitive behavioral models ofBDDtheorize that heightened selective attention toward minor details in appearance can lead to a distorted body image. Cognitive behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder consists of cognitive restructuring for maladaptive thoughts related to appearance (e.g., “Everyone is looking at my nose”) and exposure and response prevention for feared and avoided situations related to the disorder (e.g., going into social situations and talking with people one‐on‐one). Additional therapeutic techniques are integrated into cognitive behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder, including psychoeducation, motivational interviewing, and mindfulness/perceptual retraining. Flexible modules aimed at addressing common co‐occurring concerns in body dysmorphic disorder (e.g., skin picking and depression) allow clinicians to further individualize the treatment. Special considerations must be taken into account for certain subpopulations such as adolescents, individuals with muscle dysmorphia, and those who are seeking surgery.
Dysthymia and Chronic Major Depression
Authors: Arnow Bruce A. , Corcoran Kathleen M. , Thase Michael E. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This chapter reviews epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, societal burden, treatment efficacy, and clinical recommendations for two forms of chronic depression, specifically, dysthymic disorder and chronic major depression. Comparisons of individuals with different presentations of chronic depression have revealed few differences in demographic, clinical, and familial characteristics, or in treatment response. However, comparisons of nonchronic versus chronically depressed samples indicate substantial differences with higher levels of comorbidity, prevalence of child adversity, parental psychopathology, and societal burden among those with chronic forms of depression. The chapter reviews findings on treatments for chronic major depression and dysthymic disorder, including cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and combined treatment. It is argued that the length of treatment trials to date lacks empirical basis and does not reflect the long‐term nature of the illness. Treatment recommendations specific to chronic forms of depression are discussed.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Miller Alec L. , Germán Miguelina , Fortunato Andrea 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Borderline personality disorder is an Axis
II
disorder that had long been considered intractable and untreatable by the mental health community until the development of dialectical behavior therapy, a cognitive behavioral treatment for borderline personality disorder developed by Marsha Linehan. Dialectical behavior therapy was the first therapy to successfully demonstrate clinically significant reductions in the high rates of self‐harm, suicidal behaviors, and other symptoms associated with affective instability, which is a core feature of the disorder. This chapter briefly reviews the theoretical underpinnings of dialectical behavior therapy and describes the structure of the treatment (which includes individual sessions, skills group sessions, telephone consultation, and therapist group sessions) in greater detail. A clinical case study is discussed to demonstrate how the major strategies and techniques utilized in dialectical behavior therapy can be applied.
Tobacco Dependence
Authors: McGrath Daniel S. , Stewart Sherry H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this chapter, the most recent literature on cognitive behavioral therapy interventions for the treatment of tobacco dependence is reviewed. Evidence was compiled primarily from meta‐analyses, Cochrane Reviews, and recent qualitative review papers focused on the efficacy of various cognitive behavioral therapy approaches for achieving tobacco abstinence. Emphasis is given to the literature pertaining to general cognitive behavioral therapy approaches for smoking cessation as well as newer extensions of cognitive behavioral therapy including mindfulness‐based approaches and relapse prevention. The evidence in this review indicates that cognitive behavioral therapy‐based interventions are effective at increasing rates of tobacco abstinence in the general population, in special populations, and in individuals with comorbid psychological disorders such as depression. Recent studies examining extensions of cognitive behavioral therapy such as mindfulness‐based urge surfing interventions and relapse prevention models suggest that these techniques may also hold promise for increasing the likelihood of a successful quit attempt. Finally, a growing body of evidence indicates that pairing certain types of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation with cognitive behavioral therapy may be more efficacious than pharmacotherapy alone. Overall, the clinical literature on smoking cessation indicates that cognitive behavioral therapy‐based interventions are an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of tobacco dependence.
Gambling
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Odlaug Brian L. , Donahue Christopher 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPathological gambling is an impulse control disorder characterized by maladaptive gambling behavior resulting in significant psychosocial impairment and financial difficulties.Comorbid physical and mental health conditions are common. Cognitive distortions, often seen in pathological gambling, often complicate treatment if unaddressed. Cognitive therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, elements of cue exposure, and motivational interviewing have all been shown to be effective in treating the urges, thoughts, and behaviors associated with pathological gambling. The recommended duration of sessions, the role of comorbidity, and specific goals of treatment (i.e., controlled gambling or abstinence) are unknown at this time. Clinicians should be aware of the heterogeneous presentation of pathological gambling and adjust client treatment plans accordingly.
Autosomal recessive stickler syndrome due to a loss of function mutation in the COL9A3 gene
Authors: Faletra Flavio , D'Adamo Adamo P. , Bruno Irene , Athanasakis Emmanouil , Biskup Saskia , Esposito Laura , Gasparini Paolo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStickler syndrome (STL) is a clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous syndrome characterized by ophthalmic, articular, orofacial, and auditory manifestations. STL has been described with both autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance. The dominant form is caused by mutations of COL2A1 (STL 1, OMIM 108300), COL11A1 (STL 2, OMIM 604841), and COL11A2 (STL 3, OMIM 184840) genes, while recessive forms have been associated with mutations of COL9A1 (OMIM 120210) and COL9A2 (OMIM 120260) genes. Type IX collagen is a heterotrimeric molecule formed by three genetically distinct chains: α1, α2, and α3 encoded by the COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3 genes. Up to this time, only heterozygous mutations of COL9A3 gene have been reported in human and related to: (1) multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 3, (2) susceptibility to an intervertebral disc disease, and (3) hearing loss. Here, we describe the first autosomal recessive Stickler family due to loss of function mutations (c.1176_1198del, p.Gln393Cysfs*25) of COL9A3 gene. These findings extend further the role of collagen genes family in the disease pathogenesis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Invited editorial comment—the human phenotype of germline PIGA mutations
Authors: Biesecker Leslie G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo research groups have published reports on PIGA (phosphatidylinositol glycan class A) mutations that validate and extend our understanding of the range of phenotypes of this phenotypic spectrum. One report is primarily confirmatory of the discovery in 2012 that mutations in this gene cause a phenotype of dysmorphic features, neurologic manifestations, and biochemical perturbations. The second report describes an intriguing family with a phenotypically distinct neurological picture, distinguished primarily by CNS iron accumulation. These reports address important lessons in judging causality in the exome age and bear on the question of syndrome nomenclature. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Frequency of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes by maternal race–ethnicity, and the effect on the prevalence of trisomy 21, Metropolitan Atlanta, 1996–2005
Authors: Jackson Jodi M. , Crider Krista S. , Cragan Janet D. , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Olney Richard S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe prevalence of trisomy 21 has been reported to differ by race–ethnicity, however, the results are inconsistent and the cause of the differences is unknown. Using data from 1996 to 2005 from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), we analyzed the use of prenatal cytogenetic testing and the subsequent use of elective termination among pregnancies affected with any MACDP‐eligible birth defect and trisomy 21, by maternal race–ethnicity. We then examined whether these factors could explain the observed differences in the prevalence of trisomy 21 among race–ethnicity groups. Among all pregnancies with birth defects, prenatal cytogenetic testing as well as elective terminations after an abnormal prenatal cytogenetic test result were observed less frequently among Hispanic women than among non‐Hispanic white women (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.78, respectively). In pregnancies affected by trisomy 21, both the Hispanic and the non‐Hispanic black populations had more live births (89.5% and 77.8%, respectively) and fewer elective terminations (5.7% and 15.2%, respectively) compared to the non‐Hispanic white population (63.0% live births, 32.3% elective terminations). After adjusting for elective terminations, non‐Hispanic white mothers had a higher live birth prevalence of trisomy 21 compared to non‐Hispanic black (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.54–0.76) or Hispanic mothers (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55–0.86). Overall, our data suggest that factors associated with decisions made about the use of prenatal testing, and about pregnancy management after testing, might play a large role in the race–ethnicity differences observed in the live birth prevalence of trisomy 21. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detektion von Persulfidbildung an Proteinen (S‐Sulfhydrierung) mithilfe einer Tag‐Switch‐Technik
Authors: Zhang Dehui , Macinkovic Igor , Devarie‐Baez Nelmi O. , Pan Jia , Park Chung‐Min , Carroll Kate S. , Filipovic Milos R. , Xian Ming 
Published: November 2013

AbstractProtein‐Persulfidbildung (die Bildung von ‐S‐SH‐Addukten aus Cysteinresten) ist eine vor kurzem entdeckte oxidative posttranslationale Modifikation, die eine wichtige Rolle bei H2S‐vermittelten Signalwegen spielt. Hier berichten wir über die erste selektive “Tag‐Switch”‐Methode, mit der Protein‐Persulfidreste direkt markiert werden können, um stabile Thioether‐Konjugate zu bilden. Des Weiteren zeigen wir, dass H2S allein nicht zur Persulfidbildung führen kann und dass die beiden möglichen physiologischen Mechanismen eine Reaktion mit Protein‐Sulfensäuren (P‐SOH) oder die Beteiligung von Metallzentren umfassen, die die Oxidation von H2S zu HS. ermöglichen.
Detection of Protein S‐Sulfhydration by a Tag‐Switch Technique
Authors: Zhang Dehui , Macinkovic Igor , Devarie‐Baez Nelmi O. , Pan Jia , Park Chung‐Min , Carroll Kate S. , Filipovic Milos R. , Xian Ming 
Published: November 2013

AbstractProtein S‐sulfhydration (forming ‐S‐SH adducts from cysteine residues) is a newly defined oxidative posttranslational modification and plays an important role in H2S‐mediated signaling pathways. In this study we report the first selective, “tag‐switch” method which can directly label protein S‐sulfhydrated residues by forming stable thioether conjugates. Furthermore we demonstrate that H2S alone cannot lead to S‐sulfhydration and that the two possible physiological mechanisms include reaction with protein sulfenic acids (P‐SOH) or the involvement of metal centers which would facilitate the oxidation of H2S to HS..
The Chemistry of Cyborgs—Interfacing Technical Devices with Organisms
Authors: Giselbrecht Stefan , Rapp Bastian E. , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe term “cyborg” refers to a cybernetic organism, which characterizes the chimera of a living organism and a machine. Owing to the widespread application of intracorporeal medical devices, cyborgs are no longer exclusively a subject of science fiction novels, but technically they already exist in our society. In this review, we briefly summarize the development of modern prosthetics and the evolution of brain–machine interfaces, and discuss the latest technical developments of implantable devices, in particular, biocompatible integrated electronics and microfluidics used for communication and control of living organisms. Recent examples of animal cyborgs and their relevance to fundamental and applied biomedical research and bioethics in this novel and exciting field at the crossroads of chemistry, biomedicine, and the engineering sciences are presented.
A Microgel Construction Kit for Bioorthogonal Encapsulation and pH‐Controlled Release of Living Cells
Authors: Steinhilber Dirk , Rossow Torsten , Wedepohl Stefanie , Paulus Florian , Seiffert Sebastian , Haag Rainer 
Published: November 2013

AbstractpH‐Cleavable cell‐laden microgels with excellent long‐term viabilities were fabricated by combining bioorthogonal strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) and droplet‐based microfluidics. Poly(ethylene glycol)dicyclooctyne and dendritic poly(glycerol azide) served as bioinert hydrogel precursors. Azide conjugation was performed using different substituted acid‐labile benzacetal linkers that allowed precise control of the microgel degradation kinetics in the interesting pH range between 4.5 and 7.4. By this means, a pH‐controlled release of the encapsulated cells was achieved upon demand with no effect on cell viability and spreading. As a result, the microgel particles can be used for temporary cell encapsulation, allowing the cells to be studied and manipulated during the encapsulation and then be isolated and harvested by decomposition of the microgel scaffolds.
Hydrothermal pretreatment for the preparation of wool powders
Authors: Hou Xiuliang , Xu Helan , Shi Zhen , Ge Mingqiao , Chen Lifen , Cao Xiuming , Yang Yiqi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWool powders with low solubility could be easily prepared from wool fibers by combining hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) and grinding processes. Transforming wool fibers into powders was the first step of exploiting wool as new materials such as bio‐thermoplastics. However, wool fibers were difficult to be prepared into powders only by grinding due to their toughness. This article used a chemical‐free method to obtain wool powders by grinding HTP‐treated wool fibers. Wool fibers after HTP at 130°C for 40 min or above were obviously easier to be broken into snippets with lengths of 25–150 μm after grinding for 1 min and shapeless super‐fine powders with diameters of 3–15 μm after ball milling for 10 min. Wool fibers after HTP were brittle mainly owing to decrease of α‐helices and SS bonds. Combination of HTP and grinding could be an eco‐friendly and feasible treatment to prepare wool powders on industrial scale. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40173.
Improvement of interfacial adhesion between PBO fibers and cyanate ester matrix
Authors: Yan Hongxia , Feng Shuyao , Zhang Zijun , Hu Sihai 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPoly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers were activated by the horseradish peroxidases (HRP) and then treated by 3‐Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH‐560) to improve the wettability and the interfacial adhesion between PBO fibers and cyanate ester matrix. The chemical compositions of PBO fibers were characterized and analyzed by FTIR and XPS. Surface morphologies of PBO fibers were examined by SEM. The wettability of PBO fibers was evaluated by the dynamic contact angle analysis test. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile strength and interfacial shear strength, respectively. The results demonstrated that hydroxyl groups and epoxy groups were introduced onto the surface of PBO fibers during the treatments. These treatments can effectively improve the wettability and adhesion of PBO fibers. The surface free energy of PBO fibers was increased from 31.1 mN/m to 55.2 mN/m, and the interfacial adhesion between PBO fiber and cyanate ester resin was improved to 10.77 MPa. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40204.
Facile Fabrication of Multi‐targeted and Stable Biochemical SERS Sensors
Authors: Kim Hongki , Kang Taejoon , Lee Hyoban , Ryoo Hyunseong , Yoo Seung Min , Lee Sang Yup , Kim Bongsoo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe direct transfer of single‐crystalline Au nanowires (NWs) onto Au substrates was achieved by a simple attachment and detachment process. In the presence of a lubricant, Au NWs grown vertically on a sapphire substrate were efficiently moved to an Au substrate through van der Waals interactions. We demonstrate that the transferred Au NWs on the Au substrate can act as sensitive, reproducible, and long‐term‐stable surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors by detecting human α‐thrombin as well as Pb2+ and Hg2+ ions. These three biochemically and/or environmentally important analytes were successfully detected with high sensitivity and selectivity by Au NW‐SERS sensors bound by a thrombin‐binding aptamer. Furthermore, the as‐prepared sensors remained in working order after being stored under ambient conditions at room temperature for 80 days. Because Au NWs can be routinely transferred onto Au substrates and because the resultant Au NW‐SERS sensors are highly stable and provide with high sensitivity and reproducibility of detection, these sensors hold potential for practical use in biochemical sensing.