bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mean Meridional Circulation of the Atmosphere Using the Mass above Isentropes as the Vertical Coordinate
Authors: Chen Gang 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The mean meridional circulation of the atmosphere is presented using the mass (more specifically, the pressure corresponding to the mass) above the isentrope of interest as the vertical coordinate. In this vertical coordinate, the mass-weighted mean circulation is exactly balanced by entropy sources and sinks with no eddy flux contribution as in the isentropic coordinate, and the coordinate can be readily generalized to the mass above moist isentropes or other quasi-conservative tracers by construction. The corresponding Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux divergence for the zonal-mean angular momentum is formulated in a hybrid isobaric–isentropic form, extending the conventional transformed Eulerian-mean (TEM) formulation to finite-amplitude nongeostrophic eddies on the sphere. In the small-amplitude limit, the hybrid isobaric–isentropic formulation reduces to the TEM formulation.
Applying to the NCEP–U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Reanalysis 2, the new formulation resolves the deficiency of the conventional TEM formulation for the near-surface flow, where the isentropic surface intersects the ground, and the mean circulation agrees well with the TEM above the near-surface layer. In the small-amplitude limit, this improvement near the surface can be partially attributed to the isentropic static stability over the isobaric counterpart, as the mass density in the near-surface isentropic layers gradually approaches zero. Also, the mean mass streamfunction can be approximately obtained from the EP flux divergence except for the deep tropics or the near-surface flow, highlighting the dominant control of potential vorticity mixing for the subtropics-to-pole mean circulations. It is then expected to provide a valuable diagnostic framework not only for global circulation theory, but also for atmospheric transport in the troposphere.
Postoperative Urinary Tract Infection and Short‐Term Outcomes and Costs in Head and Neck Cancer Surgery
Authors: Chan Jason Y. K. , Semenov Yevgeniy R. , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesCatheter‐associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) have been identified as a preventable “never event” by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. We sought to determine the relationship between UTI and in‐hospital mortality, postoperative complications, length of stay, and costs in head and neck cancer (HNCA) surgery.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis using cross‐tabulations and multivariate regression modeling.SettingThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample database.Subjects and MethodsDischarge data for 93,663 patients who underwent an ablative procedure for a malignant oral cavity, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal neoplasm in 2003‐2008 were analyzed.ResultsUrinary tract infection was diagnosed in 2% of patients, with catheter‐associated UTI coded in only 20 patients. Patients with UTI were more likely to be older than 80 years (odds ratio [OR], 3.3; P =. 008), be female (OR, 1.9; P <. 001), have advanced comorbidity (OR, 1.8; P <. 012), undergo major surgical procedures (OR, 1.7; P =. 001), and have predisposing bladder and prostate conditions (OR, 3.8; P <. 001), surgical complications (OR, 2.3; P <. 001), and acute medical complications (OR, 3.1; P <. 001). Urinary tract infection was associated with significantly increased length of hospitalization and hospital‐related costs, after controlling for all other variables.ConclusionUrinary tract infection is unusual in HNCA surgical patients but is more common with extent of surgery and age and is significantly associated with postoperative complications, length of hospitalization, and hospital‐related costs. Catheter‐associated UTI is likely underestimated because of difficulty in distinguishing between a catheter‐associated UTI and postoperative UTI in patients undergoing major surgical procedures, who routinely undergo perioperative urinary catheterization. Patients with HNCA are a high‐risk group for this “never event,” particularly as the population ages.
Middle Ear Effusion in Patients with Sinonasal Cancer Treated by Surgery with or without Radiotherapy
Authors: Redaelli de Zinis Luca Oscar , Parrinello Giovanni , Schreiber Alberto , Nicolai Piero 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence and risk factors of eustachian tube dysfunction after surgery for sinonasal cancer by observing the occurrence of middle ear effusion.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingAcademic university hospital.Subjects and MethodsClinical records of 112 patients surgically treated for sinonasal cancer over a 16‐year period were evaluated. Initial bivariate analysis was followed by a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsThe best model included 2 variables: posterior extension of surgical resection (nasopharynx, soft palate, eustachian tube, pterygomaxillary fossa, parapharyngeal space) with an odds ratio of 5.662 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.877‐9.447) and postoperative radiotherapy with an odds ratio of 8.691 (95% CI, 4.187‐13.194).ConclusionDespite the limited number of patients, the study gives a prediction of middle ear effusion based on 2 well‐defined factors: surgical resection of anatomic structures involved in tubal function and adjuvant radiotherapy.
VWF propeptide and ratios between VWF, VWF propeptide, and FVIII in the characterization of type 1 von Willebrand disease
Authors: Eikenboom Jeroen , Federici Augusto B. , Dirven Richard J. , Castaman Giancarlo , Rodeghiero Francesco , Budde Ulrich , Schneppenheim Reinhard , Batlle Javier , Canciani Maria Teresa , Goudemand Jenny , Peake Ian , Goodeve Anne ,   the MCMDM-1VWD Study Group
Published: January 2013

Key Points
VWFpp/VWF:Ag and FVIII:C/VWF:Ag ratios define the pathophysiological mechanisms that play a role in VWD and various VWF mutations. A high VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratio indicates increased clearance of VWF and a high FVIII:C/VWF:Ag ratio decreased synthesis of VWF.
The effects of the anti-hepcidin Spiegelmer NOX-H94 on inflammation-induced anemia in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Schwoebel Frank , van Eijk Lucas T. , Zboralski Dirk , Sell Simone , Buchner Klaus , Maasch Christian , Purschke Werner G. , Humphrey Martin , Zöllner Stefan , Eulberg Dirk , Morich Frank , Pickkers Peter , Klussmann Sven 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
The hepcidin inhibitor NOX-H94, a structured mirror-image RNA oligonucleotide, and its in vitro and in vivo characterization are described. First published hepcidin inhibitor that entered clinical trials for the treatment of anemia due to functional iron deficiency.
Association of anaemia in primary care patients with chronic kidney disease: cross sectional study of quality improvement in chronic kidney disease (QICKD) trial data
Authors: Dmitrieva Olga , de Lusignan Simon , Macdougall Iain C , Gallagher Hugh , Tomson Charles , Harris Kevin , Desombre Terry , Goldsmith David 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Anaemia is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and treating anaemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) may improve outcomes. However, little is known about the scope to improve primary care management of anaemia in CKD.

Methods
An observational study (N = 1,099,292) with a nationally representative sample using anonymised routine primary care data from 127 Quality Improvement in CKD trial practices (ISRCTN5631023731). We explored variables associated with anaemia in CKD: eGFR, haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), iron status, cardiovascular comorbidities, and use of therapy which associated with gastrointestinal bleeding, oral iron and deprivation score. We developed a linear regression model to identify variables amenable to improved primary care management.

Results
The prevalence of Stage 3–5 CKD was 6.76%. Hb was lower in CKD (13.2 g/dl) than without (13.7 g/dl). 22.2% of people with CKD had World Health Organization defined anaemia; 8.6% had Hb ≤ 11 g/dl; 3% Hb ≤ 10 g/dl; and 1% Hb ≤ 9 g/dl. Normocytic anaemia was present in 80.5% with Hb ≤ 11; 72.7% with Hb ≤ 10 g/dl; and 67.6% with Hb ≤ 9 g/dl; microcytic anaemia in 13.4% with Hb ≤ 11 g/dl; 20.8% with Hb ≤ 10 g/dl; and 24.9% where Hb ≤ 9 g/dl. 82.7% of people with microcytic and 58.8% with normocytic anaemia (Hb ≤ 11 g/dl) had a low ferritin (<100ug/mL). Hypertension (67.2% vs. 54%) and diabetes (30.7% vs. 15.4%) were more prevalent in CKD and anaemia; 61% had been prescribed aspirin; 73% non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); 14.1% warfarin 12.4% clopidogrel; and 53.1% aspirin and NSAID. 56.3% of people with CKD and anaemia had been prescribed oral iron. The main limitations of the study are that routine data are inevitably incomplete and definitions of anaemia have not been standardised.

Conclusions
Medication review is needed in people with CKD and anaemia prior to considering erythropoietin or parenteral iron. Iron stores may be depleted in over >60% of people with normocytic anaemia. Prescribing oral iron has not corrected anaemia.
Blood glucose may be an alternative to cholesterol in CVD risk prediction charts
Authors: Braun Julia , Bopp Matthias , Faeh David 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Established risk models for the prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) include blood pressure, smoking and cholesterol parameters. The use of total cholesterol for CVD risk prediction has been questioned, particularly for primary prevention. We evaluated whether glucose could be used instead of total cholesterol for prediction of fatal CVD using data with long follow-up.

Methods
We followed-up 6,095 men and women aged ≥16 years who participated 1977-79 in a community based health study and were anonymously linked with the Swiss National Cohort until the end of 2008. During follow-up, 727 participants died of CVD. Based on the ESC SCORE methodology (Weibull regression), we used age, sex, blood pressure, smoking, and fasting glucose or total cholesterol. The mean Brier score (BS), area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used for model comparison. We validated our models internally using cross-validation and externally using another data set.

Results
In our models, the p-value of total cholesterol was 0.046, that of glucose was p < 0.001. The model with glucose had a slightly better predictive capacity (BS: 2216x10-5 vs. 2232x10-5; AUC: 0.9181 vs. 0.9169, IDI: 0.009 with p-value 0.026) and could well discriminate the overall risk of persons with high and low concentrations. The external validation confirmed these findings.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that instead of total cholesterol glucose can be used in models predicting overall CVD mortality risk.
The influence of microbial physiology on biocatalyst activity and efficiency in the terminal hydroxylation of n-octane using Escherichia coli expressing the alkane hydroxylase, CYP153A6
Authors: Olaofe Oluwafemi A , Fenner Caryn J , Gudiminchi RamaKrishna , Smit Martha S , Harrison Susan TL 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Biocatalyst improvement through molecular and recombinant means should be complemented with efficient process design to facilitate process feasibility and improve process economics. This study focused on understanding the bioprocess limitations to identify factors that impact the expression of the terminal hydroxylase CYP153A6 and also influence the biocatalytic transformation of n–octane to 1-octanol using resting whole cells of recombinant E. coli expressing the CYP153A6 operon which includes the ferredoxin (Fdx) and the ferredoxin reductase (FdR).

Results
Specific hydroxylation activity decreased with increasing protein expression showing that the concentration of active biocatalyst is not the sole determinant of optimum process efficiency. Process physiological conditions including the medium composition, temperature, glucose metabolism and product toxicity were investigated. A fed-batch system with intermittent glucose feeding was necessary to ease overflow metabolism and improve process efficiency while the introduction of a product sink (BEHP) was required to alleviate octanol toxicity. Resting cells cultivated on complex LB and glucose-based defined medium with similar CYP level (0.20 μmol gDCW
-1) showed different biocatalyst activity and efficiency in the hydroxylation of octane over a period of 120 h. This was influenced by differing glucose uptake rate which is directly coupled to cofactor regeneration and cell energy in whole cell biocatalysis. The maximum activity and biocatalyst efficiency achieved presents a significant improvement in the use of CYP153A6 for alkane activation. This biocatalyst system shows potential to improve productivity if substrate transfer limitation across the cell membrane and enzyme stability can be addressed especially at higher temperature.

Conclusion
This study emphasises that the overall process efficiency is primarily dependent on the interaction between the whole cell biocatalyst and bioprocess conditions.
Analysis of whole genome sequences of 16 strains of rubella virus from the United States, 1961–2009
Authors: Abernathy Emily , Chen Min-hsin , Bera Jayati , Shrivastava Susmita , Kirkness Ewen , Zheng Qi , Bellini William , Icenogle Joseph 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Rubella virus is the causative agent of rubella, a mild rash illness, and a potent teratogenic agent when contracted by a pregnant woman. Global rubella control programs target the reduction and elimination of congenital rubella syndrome. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of rubella viruses has contributed to virus surveillance efforts and played an important role in demonstrating that indigenous rubella viruses have been eliminated in the United States. Sixteen wild-type rubella viruses were chosen for whole genome sequencing. All 16 viruses were collected in the United States from 1961 to 2009 and are from 8 of the 13 known rubella genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of 30 whole genome sequences produced a maximum likelihood tree giving high bootstrap values for all genotypes except provisional genotype 1a. Comparison of the 16 new complete sequences and 14 previously sequenced wild-type viruses found regions with clusters of variable amino acids. The 5′ 250 nucleotides of the genome are more conserved than any other part of the genome. Genotype specific deletions in the untranslated region between the non-structural and structural open reading frames were observed for genotypes 2B and genotype 1G. No evidence was seen for recombination events among the 30 viruses. The analysis presented here is consistent with previous reports on the genetic characterization of rubella virus genomes. Conserved and variable regions were identified and additional evidence for genotype specific nucleotide deletions in the intergenic region was found. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed genotype groupings originally based on structural protein coding region sequences, which provides support for the WHO nomenclature for genetic characterization of wild-type rubella viruses.
A rheumatoid factor paradox: inhibition of rituximab effector function
Authors: Jones Jonathan D , Shyu Irene , Newkirk Marianna M , Rigby William FC 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Rituximab (RTX) therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exhibits enhanced effectiveness in seropositive patients. Using patient sera, we tested if this improved efficacy was associated with enhanced RTX mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity (RTX-CDC).

Methods
We developed an in vitro assay for RTX-CDC using patient sera and the Daudi human B cell line. Using propidium iodide uptake and flow cytometry, we compared RTX-CDC with rheumatoid factor (RF)+ sera relative to normal volunteer, non-RA and RF- sera. Additional studies examined mixing studies of RF+ and RF- sera, as well as the effect of monoclonal IgA or IgM RF. Finally, the effect of RF on RTX mediated trogocytosis of normal B cells was evaluated.

Results
Using human sera, addition of RTX resulted in rapid and profound (> 50%) Daudi cell death that was complement dependent. Surprisingly, RF+ patient sera exhibited reduced RTX-CDC relative to RF- sera, with an inverse relationship of RTX-CDC and RF titer. Mixing studies indicated the presence of an inhibitor of RTX-CDC in RF+ sera. The addition of monoclonal IgM or IgA RF to RF- sera markedly inhibited RTX-CDC. This effect was specific for RF binding to the Fc portion of RTX as it was not apparent with the F(ab)' domains of RTX engineered onto IgG3 heavy chain. RF also modestly inhibited RTX mediated trogocytosis.

Conclusions
Contrary to expectations, RF+ sera exhibits reduced RTX-CDC due to the presence of RF. The enhanced efficacy of RTX in seropositive RA patients cannot be attributed to improved B cell depletion through CDC. This result indicates that high RF levels may potentially modulate the efficacy of any therapeutic monoclonal antibody dependent on Fc effector function.
Quantitative Analysis of Coke Formation during Steam Reforming of Methane on a Nickel–Hydrotalcite Catalyst under Practical Operation Conditions
Authors: Takeguchi Tatsuya , Watanabe Hiroshi , Murayama Toru , Takahashi Hiroki , Ueda Wataru 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Relation between redox properties of a nickel–hydrotalcite (Ni–HT) catalyst and a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst and rate of coke deposition during steam reforming of methane is examined. Ni–HT is oxidized by water-vapor treatment to form Ni-incorporated hydrotalcite. Rate of coke deposition on Ni–HT under thermodynamically coke-deposition-free condition is less than one third of that on Ni/Al2O3. No coke deposition is expected on Ni–HT at H2O/CH4 = 1.4 even at equilibrium CH4 conversion owing to redox between metallic Ni and Ni-incorporated hydrotalcite.
Systematic Exploration of Lipophilic Tags That Allow Efficient Anchoring of Aptamers to Live Cell Surfaces
Authors: Tokunaga Takeshi , Kuwahata Kohei , Sando Shinsuke 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
We carried out a systematic exploration of lipophilic tag molecules that allow efficient anchoring of aptamers to live cell surfaces. Among the lipids tested, the C16 dialkyl (dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine) tag showed a good performance: a high anchoring yield and long retention on live cells. The 3′-C16 dialkyl tag-labeled fluorescent aptamer sensor, targeting thrombin, was prepared. The aptamer sensor was anchored successfully to live cells, allowing fluorescence detection of thrombin on the cell surface.
Classifiers augment and maintain shape-based categorization in Mandarin speakers
Authors: Sera Maria D. , Johnson Kaitlin R. , Kuo Jenny Yichun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPast evidence suggests that adult Mandarin speakers rely on shape more heavily than English speakers when categorizing solid objects (Kuo and Sera 2009). In this experiment, we began to examine that effect developmentally by investigating the acquisition of the three most common Mandarin Chinese classifiers for solid objects (i.e. ge, zhi and tiao) in relation to development in shape-based categorization by native speakers of Mandarin and English from 3 years of age to adulthood. We found that 3-year-old Mandarin speakers were above chance in their classifier knowledge, but this knowledge continued to develop through 7 years of age. We also found that Mandarin speakers relied more heavily on shape than English speakers, and that shape-based categorization among English speakers tended to decline with age on the trials in which shape choices matched the Mandarin classifiers. The findings suggest that classifiers initially augment Mandarin speakers' attention to the shape of solid objects, and then maintain this early stronger shape bias after they are fully learned. The work highlights how categorization and word learning are graded and intertwined.
A New Coal Permeability Prediction Method Based on Experiment and Dimension Analysis
Authors: Zhiming Wang , Gang Yang , Jian Zhang 
Published: January 2013

Summary
This paper aims to investigate the effect of temperature and effective stress on coal permeability. Through the experiment, we find a reversal phenomenon in which the coal permeability presents different change trends as temperature increases at two sides of the reverse point.
The term “critical effective stress” refers to the effective stress at the reverse point. When effective stress is lower than the critical effective stress, the outward expansion effect of the coal block caused by grain and gas swell is greater than compaction effect as temperature increases under low effective stress condition. Therefore, the coal expands primarily outward, which results in fissure opening and permeability increase. When effective stress is higher than the critical effective stress, high effective stress limits the coal's outward expansion. The coal expands inward with increasing temperature, thus causing fissure closure and permeability decrease.
On the basis of dimension analysis and regression analysis, combined with experimental data, this paper develops a high-precision semitheoretical coal permeability model of Qinshui basin in China. Simultaneously, what this paper presents is a permeability prediction method: measuring coal core permeability and performing dimension analysis and regression analysis. With this work done, we can establish a similar permeability model suitable for other target zones. Thus, the analytical method presented in this paper provides a basis for coal permeability prediction.
The Influence of Age and Gender on the Value Orientation of Extreme Sports Participants
Authors: Pólus-Thiry Éva , Rédei Csaba 
Published: January 2013

Abstract Research has shown that the popularity of extreme sports is on the rise in Hungary just as in developed countries. While we cannot question the influence of the press, it is very likely that shifts and changes in the value orientation of a society also play an important role in fostering the process. In the first stage of the present study, the value orientation of a group of Hungarian people involved in action sports is mapped where the values are arranged into a latent structure using principal component analysis. In the second stage of research, it is checked whether the examined group is a homogenous community regarding their value orientations, and researchers examine if two variables - age and gender - significantly influence the value orientations of the respondents. Our conclusion is that there is little difference between group members regarding their high preferences for community values and the low preferences for traditional values, but age and gender significantly influence respondents’ attitudes to post-materialist values and partially those to materialist values. Younger participants report higher preferences for both materialist and postmaterialist values, while females attribute higher importance to post-materialist values.