bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nodal Godunov method for Lagrangian shock hydrodynamics on unstructured tetrahedral grids
Authors: Waltz J. , Morgan N. R. , Canfield T. R. , Charest M. R. J. , Wohlbier J. G. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYWe present a nodal Godunov method for Lagrangian shock hydrodynamics. The method is designed to operate on three‐dimensional unstructured grids composed of tetrahedral cells. A node‐centered finite element formulation avoids mesh stiffness, and an approximate Riemann solver in the fluid reference frame ensures a stable, upwind formulation. This choice leads to a non‐zero mass flux between control volumes, even though the mesh moves at the fluid velocity, but eliminates volume errors that arise due to the difference between the fluid velocity and the contact wave speed. A monotone piecewise linear reconstruction of primitive variables is used to compute interface unknowns and recover second‐order accuracy. The scheme has been tested on a variety of standard test problems and exhibits first‐order accuracy on shock problems and second‐order accuracy on smooth flows using meshes of up to O(106) tetrahedra. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apathy as a feature of prodromal Alzheimer's disease: an FDG‐PET ADNI study
Authors: Delrieu Julien , Desmidt Thomas , Camus Vincent , Sourdet Sandrine , Boutoleau‐Bretonnière Claire , Mullin Emmanuel , Vellas Bruno , Payoux Pierre , Lebouvier Thibaud ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to evaluate brain metabolism in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with and without apathy (as determined by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire).MethodsBaseline data from 65 MCI participants (11 with apathy and 54 without) from the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Neuroimaging Initiative study were analyzed. All participants underwent a comprehensive cognitive and neuropsychiatric assessment, volumetric MRI and measures of cerebral glucose metabolism applying 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography at baseline. The presence of apathy at baseline was determined by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire.ResultsThere was no difference between apathy and apathy‐free MCI patients regarding cognitive assessment and neuropsychiatric measures when apathy‐specific items were removed. Cerebrovascular disease load and cerebral atrophy were equivalent in both groups. Compared with the apathy‐free MCI patients, MCI patients with apathy had significantly decreased metabolism in the posterior cingulate cortex.ConclusionThe presence of apathy in MCI patients is associated with AD‐specific pattern of brain metabolic defect. These results could suggest that apathy belongs to the spectrum of prodromal AD symptoms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma loaded dental implant improves osteogenesis of rat mandible
Authors: Bhattarai Govinda , Lee Young‐Hee , Yi Ho‐Keun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been known for their anti‐inflammatory effects. But the application of this molecule in implant‐induced inflammation has not been clearly studied yet. Here, we determined in vivo anti‐inflammatory and osteogenic effects of PPARγ coated dental implant in the rat mandible. We used chitosan gold nanoparticles (Ch‐GNPs) as a non viral vector to carry PPARγ plasmid DNA. Ch‐GNPs were conjugated with PPARγ plasmid DNA through a coacervation process. Conjugation was cast over titanium (Ti) implants (4.5 × 0.8 mm) by dipping, and implants were installed in rat mandibles. One, 2, 3, and 6 weeks post‐implantation, mandibles were examined by microcomputed tomography (µCT), immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin & eosin, and tartrate resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. In vivo Ch‐GNPs/PPARγcoated implants were associated with inhibition of implant induced inflammatory molecules interleukin‐1β and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand and enhanced expression of osteogenic molecules like bone morphogenetic protein 2 and 7 (BMP‐2/‐7) by up‐regulating anti‐oxidant molecules heme oxygenase‐1. µCT demonstrated that PPARγ overexpression increased the density and volume of newly formed bone surrounding the implants compared to control (n = 4; p < 0.05). Also, PPARγ reduced the number of TRAP positive cells. These results support the view that PPARγ overexpression diminishes inflammation and enhances osteogenesis around the dental implants. Thus, implant coated with anti‐inflammatory molecules could have a significant utilization for the preparation of new biomaterials and may serve as prosthetic materials in patients suffering from inflammatory bone disease. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 587–595, 2015.
Influence of oxidative nanopatterning and anodization on the fatigue resistance of commercially pure titanium and Ti–6Al–4V
Authors: Ketabchi Amirhossein , Weck Arnaud , Variola Fabio 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWith an increasingly aging population, a significant challenge in implantology is the creation of biomaterials that actively promote tissue integration and offer excellent mechanical properties. Engineered surfaces with micro‐ and nanoscale topographies have shown great potential to control and direct biomaterial–host tissue interactions. Two simple yet efficient chemical treatments, oxidative nanopatterning and anodization, have demonstrated the ability to confer exciting new bioactive capacities to commercially pure titanium and Ti–6Al–4V alloy. However, the resulting nanoporous and nanotubular surfaces require careful assessment in regard to potential adverse effects on the fatigue resistance, a factor which may ultimately cause premature failure of biomedical implants. In this work, we have investigated the impact of oxidative nanopatterning and anodization on the fatigue resistance of commercially pure titanium and Ti–6Al–4V. Quantitative (e.g., S‐N curves) and qualitative analyses were carried out to precisely characterize the fatigue response of treated metals and compare it to that of polished controls. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed the effects of cyclic loading on the fracture surface and on the structural integrity of chemically grown nanostructured oxides. Results from this study reinforce the importance of mechanical considerations in the development and optimization of micro‐ and nanoscale surface treatments for metallic biomedical implants. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B:563–571, 2015.
Physicochemical properties and in vitro mineralization of porous polymethylmethacrylate cement loaded with calcium phosphate particles
Authors: Sa Yue , Yang Fang , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G. , Wolke Joop G. C. , Ye Guang , de Wijn Joost R. , Jansen John A. , Wang Yining 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of incorporation of calcium phosphate (CaP) particles on the physicochemical properties and mineralization capacity of cements in vitro. Herein, two different types of CaP particles were loaded into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cements exhibiting an interconnected porosity created by mixing with carboxymethylcellulose. The incorporation of CaP particles did not influence the maximum polymerization temperature of the porous PMMA, but reduced the porosity and the average pore size. Small CaP particles formed agglomerations within the PMMA pores, whereas big CaP particles were partially embedded in the PMMA matrix and partially exposed to the pores. Both types of CaP particles enhanced the mineralization capacity of PMMA cement without compromising their mechanical properties. The data presented herein suggest that porous PMMA/CaP cements hold strong promise for surgical application in bone reconstruction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 548–555, 2015.
Degradation behavior of biodegradable Fe35Mn alloy stents
Authors: Sing N. B. , Mostavan A. , Hamzah E. , Mantovani D. , Hermawan H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article reports a degradation study that was done on stent prototypes made of biodegradable Fe35Mn alloy in a simulated human coronary arterial condition. The stent degradation was observed for a short‐term period from 0.5 to 168 h, which simulates the early period of stenting procedure. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to quantify degradation rate and surface property of the stents. Results showed that signs of degradation were visible on both crimped and expanded stents after 1 h of test, mostly located on the stent's curvatures. The degradation rate of stent was higher compared to that of the original alloy, indicating the surface altering effect of stent fabrication processing to degradation. A single oxide layer was formed and detected as a porous structure with capacitive behavior. Expanded stents exhibited lower polarization resistance compared to the nonexpanded ones, indicating the cold work effect of expansion procedure to degradation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 572–577, 2015.
Prospects on clinical applications of electrical stimulation for nerve regeneration
Authors: Sisken Betty F. , Walker Janet , Orgel Michael 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRegenerative capability is limited in higher vertebrates but present in organ systems such as skin, liver, bone, and to some extent, the nervous system. Peripheral nerves in particular have a relatively high potential for regeneration following injury. However, delay in regrowth or growth, blockage, or misdirection at the injury site, and growth to inappropriate end organs may compromise successful regeneration, leading to poor clinical results. Recent studies indicate that low‐intensity electrical stimulation is equivalent to various growth factors, offering avenues to improve these outcomes. We present a review of studies using electric and electromagnetic fields that provide evidence for the enhancement of regeneration following nerve injury.Electric and electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been used to heal fracture non‐unions. This technology emerged as a consequence of basic studies [Yasuda, 1953; Fukada and Yasuda, 1957] demonstrating the piezoelectric properties of (dry) bone. The principle for using electrical stimulation for bone healing originated from the work of Bassett and Becker [1962], who described asymmetric voltage waveforms from mechanically deformed live bone. These changes were presumed to occur in bone during normal physical activity as a result of mechanical forces, and it was postulated that these forces were linked to modifications in bone structure. Endogenous currents present in normal tissue and those that occur after injury were proposed to modify bone structure [Bassett, 1989]. These investigators proposed that tissue integrity and function could be restored by applying electrical and/or mechanical energy to the area of injury. They successfully applied electrical currents to nonhealing fractures (using surgically implanted electrodes or pulsed currents using surface electrodes) to aid endogenous currents in the healing process.A considerable technological improvement was made with the noninvasive application of EMFs [Bassett et al., 1974] to accelerate fracture repair. This newer technique allowed the treatment of hard tissues without the complications of invasive electrode insertion. In addition, soft tissue injuries were now accessible for treatment by electromagnetic fields.In this article, we will first define the basic problems encountered in nerve injury and regeneration, and then review both in vitro and in vivo studies on the use of electric and electromagnetic fields to stimulate the healing process.
Electroporation: A general phenomenon for manipulating cells and tissues
Authors: Weaver James C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractElectroporation is a fascinating cell membrane phenomenon with several existing biological applications and others likely. Although DNA introduction is the most common use, electroporation of isolated cells has also been used for (1) introduction of enzymes, antibodies, and other biochemical reagents for intracellular assays; (2) selective biochemical loading of one size cell in the presence of many smaller cells; (3) introduction of virus and other particles; (4) cell killing under nontoxic conditions; and (5) insertion of membrane macromolecules into the cell membrane. More recently, tissue electroporation has begun to be explored, with potential applications including (1) enhanced cancer tumor chemotherapy, (2) gene therapy, (3) transdermal drug delivery, and (4) noninvasive sampling for biochemical measurement. As presently understood, electroporation is an essentially universal membrane phenomenon that occurs in cell and artificial planar bilayer membranes. For short pulses (μs to ms), electroporation occurs if the transmembrane voltage, U(t), reaches 0.5–1.5 V. In the case of isolated cells, the pulse magnitude is 103–104 V/cm. These pulses cause reversible electrical breakdown (REB), accompanied by a tremendous increase molecular transport across the membrane. REB results in a rapid membrane discharge, with the elevated U(t) returning to low values within a few microseconds of the pulse. However, membrane recovery can be orders of magnitude slower. An associated cell stress commonly occurs, probably because of chemical influxes and effluxes leading to chemical imbalances, which also contribute to eventual survival or death. Basic phenomena, present understanding of mechanism, and the existing and potential applications are briefly reviewed.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Ischemia‐Modified Albumin Levels and Thyroid Hormone Levels
Authors: Oncel Mufide , Kıyıcı Aysel , Onen Serife 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundA novel ischemia marker named ischemia modified albumin was previously considered as an early marker of myocardial ischemia, however due to recent reports, its contribution was demonstrated in different pathologies such as oxidative stress, diabetes, stroke and cancer. We aimed to investigate the relation between oxidative stress and thyroid dysfunctions determining IMA levels since IMA is closely related with increased oxidative stress.MethodsA total of 88 individuals were participated in this study: 34 cases in hypothyroid, 27 cases in hyperthyroid and 27 cases in euthyroid group. Ischemia‐modified albumin levels were measured by albumin cobalt binding test and thyroid hormone levels were determined with electrochemiluminescent method.ResultsIschemia modified albumin levels were significantly decreased in hypothyroid group compared to hyperthyroid and euthyroid groups (p < 0.001). In hyperthyroid individuals ischemia modified albumin levels were higher compared to euthyroid ones (p < 0.001). Ischemia modified albumin was negatively correlated with TSH levels (r = −0.473, p < 0.001), and positively correlated with FT4 and FT3 levels (r = 0.496, p < 0.001 and r = 0.275, p = 0.010, respectively).ConclusionWe suggest that albumin adjusted IMA levels are significantly lower in hypothyroid group than hyperthyroid and euthyroid groups.
An open‐label study to estimate the effect of steady‐state erythromycin on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of a single dose of rivaroxaban in subjects with renal impairment and normal renal function
Authors: Moore Kenneth T. , Vaidyanathan Seema , Natarajan Jaya , Ariyawansa Jay , Haskell Lloyd , Turner Kenneth C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTwo previously conducted rivaroxaban studies showed that, separately, renal impairment (RI) and concomitant administration of erythromycin (P‐glycoprotein and moderate cytochrome P450 3A4 [CYP3A4] inhibitor) can result in increases in rivaroxaban exposure. However, these studies did not assess the potential for combined drug–drug–disease interactions, which—in theory—could lead to additive or synergistic increases in exposure. This study investigated rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics when co‐administered with steady‐state (SS) erythromycin in subjects with either mild or moderate RI. Similar to previous studies, rivaroxaban administered alone in RI subjects, or when co‐administered with SS erythromycin in normal renal function (NRF) subjects, increased rivaroxaban exposure. When combined, the co‐administration of rivaroxaban 10 mg with SS erythromycin in subjects with mild or moderate RI produced mean increases in rivaroxaban AUC∞ and Cmax of approximately 76% and 56%, and 99% and 64%, respectively, relative to NRF subjects, with PD changes displaying a similar trend. No serious adverse events occurred and no persistent adverse events were reported at the end of study. Although these increases were slightly more than additive, rivaroxaban should not be used in patients with RI receiving concomitant combined P‐glycoprotein and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk.
Biomineralization in newly settled recruits of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis
Authors: Gilis Melany , Meibom Anders , Domart‐Coulon Isabelle , Grauby Olivier , Stolarski Jarosław , Baronnet Alain 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTCalcium carbonate biomineralization of scleractinian coral recruits is fundamental to the construction of reefs and their survival under stress from global and local environmental change. Establishing a baseline for how normal, healthy coral recruits initiate skeletal formation is, therefore, warranted. Here, we present a thorough, multiscale, microscopic and spectroscopic investigation of skeletal elements deposited by Pocillopora damicornis recruits, from 12 h to 22 days after settlement in aquarium on a flat substrate. Six growth stages are defined, primarily based on appearance and morphology of successively deposited skeletal structures, with the following average formation time‐scales: A (<24 h), B (24–36 h), C (36–48 h), D (48–72 h), E (72–96 h), and F (>10 days). Raman and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy indicate the presence of calcite among the earliest components of the basal plate, which consist of micrometer‐sized, rod‐shaped crystals with rhomboidal habit. All later CaCO3 skeletal structures are composed exclusively of aragonite. High‐resolution scanning electron microscopy reveals that, externally, all CaCO3 deposits consist of <100 nm granular units. Fusiform, dumbbell‐like, and semispherulitic structures, 25–35 µm in longest dimension, occur only during the earliest stages (Stages A–C), with morphologies similar to structures formed abiotically or induced by organics in in vitro carbonate crystallization experiments. All other skeletal structures of the basal plate are composed of vertically extending lamellar bundles of granules. From Stage D, straight fibrils, 40–45 nm in width and presumably of organic composition, form bridges between these aragonitic bundles emerging from the growing front of fusing skeletal structures. Our results show a clear evolution in the coral polyp biomineralization process as the carbonate structures develop toward those characterizing the adult skeleton. J. Morphol. 275:1349–1365, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural approach for temperature‐dependent modeling of GaN HEMTs
Authors: Marinković Zlatica , Crupi Giovanni , Caddemi Alina , Avolio Gustavo , Raffo Antonio , Marković Vera , Vannini Giorgio , Schreurs Dominique M. M.‐P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGallium nitride high electron‐mobility transistors have gained much interest for high‐power and high‐temperature applications at high frequencies. Therefore, there is a need to have the dependence on the temperature included in their models. To meet this challenge, the present study presents a neural approach for extracting a multi‐bias model of a gallium nitride high electron‐mobility transistors including the dependence on the ambient temperature. Accuracy of the developed model is verified by comparing modeling results with measurements. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of recurrence following selective intraoperative radiofrequency ablation as an adjunct to hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Eltawil Karim M. , Boame Nana , Mimeault Richard , Shabana Wael , Balaa Fady K. , Jonker Derek J. , Asmis Tim R. , Martel Guillaume 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of recurrence following intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with hepatic resection for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM).MethodsPatients undergoing liver resection (with or without RFA) for CLM were examined. Rates and patterns of disease recurrence, as well as overall survival were assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox analyses.ResultsA total of 174 patients underwent liver resection for CLM (150 without and 24 with intraoperative RFA). RFA was used to treat 41 tumors (median 1.6 cm). The 3‐year overall survival was 65.5% and 61.4% (adjusted HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.55–1.88). Median recurrence‐free survival was 7.4 versus 12.7 months with RFA versus non‐RFA, respectively (adjusted HR 1.51, 95% CI 0.94–4.42). On multivariate analysis, neither survival nor recurrence‐free survival was significantly associated with RFA. In total, there were two RFA ablation zone local failures. An ablation site recurrence was the sole site in one patient (4.2%).ConclusionRFA was used as an adjunct to resection in patients with greater disease burden. Despite this, RFA was not significantly associated with a higher risk of local failure and was not associated with worse survival, when compared with liver resection alone. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:734–738. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
5‐O‐Caffeoylshikimic acid from Solanum somalense leaves: Advantage of centrifugal partition chromatography over conventional column chromatography
Authors: Chideh Saïda , Pilard Serge , Attoumbré Jacques , Saguez Robert , Hassan‐Abdallah Alshaimaa , Cailleu Dominique , Wadouachi Anne , Baltora‐Rosset Sylvie 
Published: June 2014

Solanum somalense leaves, used in Djibouti for their medicinal properties, were extracted by MeOH. Because of the high polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the extract, respectively, determined at 80.80 ± 2.13 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 24.4 ± 1.01 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight, the isolation and purification of the main polyphenols were carried out by silica gel column chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography. Column chromatography led to 11 enriched fractions requiring further purification, while centrifugal partition chromatography allowed the easy recovery of the main compound of the extract. In a solvent system composed of CHCl3/MeOH/H2O (9.5:10:5), 21.8 mg of this compound at 97% purity was obtained leading to a yield of 2.63%. Its structure was established as 5‐O‐caffeoylshikimic acid by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. This work shows that S. somalense leaves contain very high level of 5‐O‐caffeoylshikimic acid (0.74% dry weight), making it a potential source of production of this secondary metabolite that is not commonly found in nature but could be partly responsible of the medicinal properties of S. somalense leaves.