bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space weathered rims found on the surfaces of the Itokawa dust particles
Authors: Noguchi Takaaki , Kimura Makoto , Hashimoto Takahito , Konno Mitsuru , Nakamura Tomoki , Zolensky Michael E. , Okazaki Ryuji , Tanaka Masahiko , Tsuchiyama Akira , Nakato Aiko , Ogami Toshinori , Ishida Hatsumi , Sagae Ryosuke , Tsujimoto Shinichi , Matsumoto Toru , Matsuno Junya , Fujimura Akio , Abe Masanao , Yada Toru , Mukai Toshifumi , Ueno Munetaka , Okada Tatsuaki , Shirai Kei , Ishibashi Yukihiro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOn the basis of observations using Cs‐corrected STEM, we identified three types of surface modification probably formed by space weathering on the surfaces of Itokawa particles. They are (1) redeposition rims (2–3 nm), (2) composite rims (30–60 nm), and (3) composite vesicular rims (60–80 nm). These rims are characterized by a combination of three zones. Zone I occupies the outermost part of the surface modification, which contains elements that are not included in the unchanged substrate minerals, suggesting that this zone is composed of sputter deposits and/or impact vapor deposits originating from the surrounding minerals. Redeposition rims are composed only of Zone I and directly attaches to the unchanged minerals (Zone III). Zone I of composite and composite vesicular rims often contains nanophase (Fe,Mg)S. The composite rims and the composite vesicular rims have a two‐layered structure: a combination of Zone I and Zone II, below which Zone III exists. Zone II is the partially amorphized zone. Zone II of ferromagnesian silicates contains abundant nanophase Fe. Radiation‐induced segregation and in situ reduction are the most plausible mechanisms to form nanophase Fe in Zone II. Their lattice fringes indicate that they contain metallic iron, which probably causes the reddening of the reflectance spectra of Itokawa. Zone II of the composite vesicular rims contains vesicles. The vesicles in Zone II were probably formed by segregation of solar wind He implanted in this zone. The textures strongly suggest that solar wind irradiation damage and implantation are the major causes of surface modification and space weathering on Itokawa.
Resonant behavior of comet Halley and the Orionid stream
Authors: Sekhar A. , Asher D. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractComet 1P/Halley has the unique distinction of having a very comprehensive set of observational records for almost every perihelion passage from 240 B.C. This has helped to constrain theoretical models pertaining to its orbital evolution. Many previous works have shown the active role of mean motion resonances (MMR) in the evolution of various meteoroid streams. Here, we look at how various resonances, especially the 1:6 and 2:13 MMR with Jupiter, affect comet 1P/Halley and thereby enhance the chances of meteoroid particles getting trapped in resonance, leading to meteor outbursts in some particular years. Comet Halley itself librated in the 2:13 resonance from 240 B.C. to 1700 A.D. and in the 1:6 resonance from 1404 B.C. to 690 B.C., while stream particles can survive for time scales of the order of 10,000 yr and 1,000 yr in the 1:6 and 2:13 resonances, respectively. This determines the long‐term dynamical evolution and stream structure, influencing the occurrence of Orionid outbursts. Specifically, we are able to correlate the occurrence of enhanced meteor phenomena seen between 1436–1440, 1933–1938, and 2006–2010 with the 1:6 resonance and meteor outbursts in 1916 and 1993 with the 2:13 resonance. Ancient as well as modern observational records agree with these theoretical simulations to a very good degree.
Schwann cell involvement in the peripheral neuropathy of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Suga Noriaki , Katsuno Masahisa , Koike Haruki , Banno Haruhiko , Suzuki Keisuke , Hashizume Atsushi , Mano Tomoo , Iijima Masahiro , Kawagashira Yuichi , Hirayama Masaaki , Nakamura Tomohiko , Watanabe Hirohisa , Tanaka Fumiaki , Sobue Gen 
Published: April 2013

AimsSpinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an inherited spinocerebellar ataxia caused by the expansion of trinucleotide CAG repeats in the gene encoding ataxin‐3. The clinical manifestations of SCA3 include peripheral neuropathy, which is an important cause of disability in a subset of patients. Although the loss of neurones in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) has been postulated to be the cause of this neuropathy, the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated.MethodsTo clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of SCA3‐associated peripheral neuropathy, we performed nerve conduction studies and histopathological analyses. Nerve conduction studies were carried out in 18 SCA3 patients. Immunohistochemical analyses of the anterior and posterior roots of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves were performed in five SCA3 patients. We also employed immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy analyses with an anti‐polyglutamine antibody.ResultsThe mean sensory nerve action potentials of the SCA3 patients were half of the normal values. The motor conduction velocities were decreased, and the distal latencies were also significantly prolonged in the nerves studied relative to the those in normal controls. Histopathological analyses detected axonal sprouting and myelin thinning in all cases. Ataxin‐3 aggregates were found in the cytoplasm of Schwann cells in all of the SCA3 patients examined but not in control subjects.ConclusionsIn addition to the previously reported neuronopathy, the results of the present study indicate that Schwann cells are involved in the formation of the pathogenic intracytoplasmic ataxin‐3 protein aggregates in patients with SCA3‐associated neuropathy.
Neonatal clinical pharmacology
Authors: Allegaert Karel , van de Velde Marc , van den Anker John 
Published: April 2013

SummaryEffective and safe drug administration in neonates should be based on integrated knowledge on the evolving physiological characteristics of the infant who will receive the drug and the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of a given drug. Consequently, clinical pharmacology in neonates is as dynamic and diverse as the neonates we admit to our units while covariates explaining the variability are at least as relevant as median estimates. The unique setting of neonatal clinical pharmacology will be highlighted based on the hazards of simple extrapolation of maturational drug clearance when only based on ‘adult’ metabolism (propofol, paracetamol). Second, maturational trends are not at the same pace for all maturational processes. This will be illustrated based on the differences between hepatic and renal maturation (tramadol, morphine, midazolam). Finally, pharmacogenetics should be tailored to neonates, not just mirror adult concepts. Because of this diversity, clinical research in the field of neonatal clinical pharmacology is urgently needed and facilitated through PK/PD modeling. In addition, irrespective of already available data to guide pharmacotherapy, pharmacovigilance is needed to recognize specific side effects. Consequently, pediatric anesthesiologists should consider to contribute to improved pharmacotherapy through clinical trial design and collaboration, as well as reporting on adverse effects of specific drugs.
Developmental Kinetics of Pig Embryos by Parthenogenetic Activation or by Handmade Cloning
Authors: Li J , Li R , Liu Y , Villemoes K , Purup S , Callesen H 
Published: April 2013

ContentsThe developmental kinetics of pig embryos produced by parthenogenetic activation without (PAZF) or with (PAZI) zona pellucida or by handmade cloning (HMC) was compared by time‐lapse videography. After cumulus cell removal, the matured oocytes were either left zona intact (PAZI) or were made zona free by pronase digestion (PAZF) before they were activated (PA). Other matured oocytes were used for HMC based on foetal fibroblast cells. On Day 0 (day of PA or reconstruction), the embryos were cultured for 7 days in vitro in our time‐lapse system. Pictures were taken every 30 min, and afterwards, each cell cycle was identified for each embryo to be analysed. Results showed that the PA embryos (both PAZF and PAZI) had shorter first cell cycle compared with HMC (17.4. 17.8 vs 23.6 h), but had a longer time length from four cell to morula stages (57.9, 53.8 vs 44.9 h). However, at the second cell cycle, PAZF embryos needed shorter time, while PAZI embryos had similar time length as HMC embryos, and both were longer than PAZF (23.4, 24.8 vs 14.6 h). Both PAZF and PAZI embryos used similar time to reach the blastocyst stage, and this was later than HMC embryos. In addition, when all of these embryos were grouped into viable (developed to blastocysts) and non‐viable (not developed to blastocysts), the only difference in the time length was observed on the first cell cycle (18.6 vs 24.5 h), but not on the later cell cycles. In conclusion, our results not only give detailed information regarding the time schedule of in vitro‐handled pig embryos, but also indicate that the first cell cycle could be used as a selecting marker for embryo viability. However, to evaluate the effect of the produced techniques, the whole time schedule of the pre‐implantation developmental kinetics should be observed.
INCOME DISPARITY AND CORRELATION IN JAPAN
Authors: Tamesue Kazuki , Tsutsumi Morito , Yamagata Yoshiki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWith the collapse of the bubble economy in the early 1990s, economic disparities have arisen both among the people and in the different regions of Japan. Advancements in spatial analysis have led to the development of strong tools to explicitly consider spatial dependence and heterogeneity; however, no significant research has been carried out using such tools for analyzing the economic disparity at the municipal level in Japan. The objective of this study is to analyze the regional income disparities in Japan during the period known as the “lost decade.” The data used in this research are annual data collected at the municipality level during 1998–2007. Exploratory spatial data analysis and local indicators of spatial association have been used to classify municipalities into categories and to identify local spatial clustering and spatial outliers leading to income disparity in Japan, respectively.
Human platelet‐specific antigen frequencies in Indonesian population
Authors: Asmarinah  , Dharma R. , Ritchie N. K. , Rahayu S. , Putricahya E. , Santoso S. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYBackgroundAlloantibodies against human platelet antigens (HPAs) are responsible for the development of alloimmune thrombocytopenia including platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). Therefore, transfusion of HPA‐compatible platelets is of importance for the management of these diseases.AimDetermination of the allele frequency of the major HPA systems for Indonesian blood donors and the development of the first HPA‐typed donor registry in Indonesia.MethodsDNA derived from 500 Indonesian healthy blood donors was genotyped for HPA‐1 to HPA‐6 and HPA‐15 alleles by the use of polymerase chain reaction sequence‐specific primer method.ResultsThe gene frequencies of the rare allelic variants HPA‐1b, ‐2b, ‐3b, ‐4b, ‐5b, ‐6b and ‐15b were 0·023, 0·060, 0·493, 0·052, 0·032, 0·044 and 0·049, respectively. However, donors homozygous for the HPA‐1b, ‐2b and ‐6b were not found in this cohort, indicating that the risks of alloimmunisation caused by incompatibility of these three HPA systems are extremely low. In contrast, alloimmunisation against HPA‐3, ‐4, ‐5 and ‐15 systems is anticipated.ConclusionThe development of an HPA‐genotyped registry for donors homozygous for HPA‐1b, ‐2b and ‐6b is desired for the optimum management of PTR patients and children with NAIT.
A molecular technique for the detection and differentiation of Demodex mites on cats
Authors: Frank Linda A. , Kania Stephen A. , Chung Karianne , Brahmbhatt Rupal 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundDemodex gatoi causes a pruritic dermatitis in cats. Diagnosis requires the demonstration of mites using superficial skin scrapings or faecal flotation, which can be insensitive.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to develop a molecular method to diagnose D. gatoi infection in cats and distinguish these mites from Demodex cati.AnimalsFifty‐three shelter cats, 11 cats from a closed research colony and 12 privately owned cats were used.MethodsDemodex gatoi and D. cati were obtained from scrapings of cat skin. The 16S rRNA DNA was amplified by PCR, sequenced and compared with available Demodex sequences. Hair and skin samples were also collected for microscopic examination and DNA isolation.ResultsDNA sequences were obtained from D. gatoi and D. cati. qPCR with D. gatoi specific primers and probe amplified DNA isolated from D. gatoi and not D. cati. Conversely, D. cati qPCR primers and probe amplified D. cati DNA and not D. gatoi.Five of the shelter cats were positive for D. gatoi. Two of these cats were pruritic, and the other three were in contact with these cats. Only one cat was positive for D. gatoi on skin scraping but was negative for D. gatoi or D. cati DNA.ConclusionResults from this study show D. gatoi and D. cati to be distinct species. A novel qPCR test for the identification and differentiation of D. gatoi and D. cati was developed. Once optimized, this test could provide a valuable technique for the diagnosis of D. gatoi infection.
An investigation of industrial molding compounds for use in 3D ultrasound, MRI, and CT imaging phantoms
Authors: Yunker Bryan E. , Cordes Dietmar , Scherzinger Ann L. , Dodd Gerald D. , Shandas Robin , Feng Yusheng , Hunter Kendall S. 
Published: April 2013

Purpose:This study investigated the ultrasound, MRI, and CT imaging characteristics of several industrial casting and molding compounds as a precursor to the future development of durable and anatomically correct flow phantoms.Methods:A set of usability and performance criteria was established for a proposed phantom design capable of supporting liquid flow during imaging. A literature search was conducted to identify the materials and methods previously used in phantom fabrication. A database of human tissue and casting material properties was compiled to facilitate the selection of appropriate materials for testing. Several industrial casting materials were selected, procured, and used to fabricate test samples that were imaged with ultrasound, MRI, and CT.Results:Five silicones and one polyurethane were selected for testing. Samples of all materials were successfully fabricated. All imaging modalities were able to discriminate between the materials tested. Ultrasound testing showed that three of the silicones could be imaged to a depth of at least 2.5 cm (1 in.). The RP‐6400 polyurethane exhibited excellent contrast and edge detail for MRI phantoms and appears to be an excellent water reference for CT applications. The 10T and 27T silicones appear to be usable water references for MRI imaging.Conclusions:Based on study data and the stated selection criteria, the P‐4 silicone provided sufficient material contrast to water and edge detail for use across all imaging modalities with the benefits of availability, low cost, dimensional stability, nontoxic, nonflammable, durable, cleanable, and optical clarity. The physical and imaging differences of the materials documented in this study may be useful for other applications.
Effectiveness of nurse home-visiting for disadvantaged families: results of a natural experiment
Authors: Sawyer Michael Gifford , Frost Linda , Bowering Kerrie , Lynch John 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of a postnatal home-visiting programme delivered by community health nurses to socially disadvantaged mothers in South Australia.DesignThe intervention group of 428 mothers lived in metropolitan Adelaide and the comparison group of 239 mothers lived in regional towns where the programme was not yet available. All participating mothers met health service eligibility criteria for enrolment in the home-visiting programme. Participants in both groups were assessed at baseline (mean child age=14.4 weeks SD=2.3), prior to programme enrolment, and again when the children were aged 9, 18 and 24 months.SettingState-wide community child health service.Participants667 socially disadvantaged mothers enrolled consecutively. 487 mothers (73%) completed the 24-month assessment.InterventionTwo-year postnatal home-visiting programme based on the Family Partnership Model.Primary outcome measuresParent Stress Index (PSI), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire.ResultsMixed models adjusting for baseline differences were used to compare outcomes in the two groups. The mothers in the home-visiting group reported greater improvement on the PSI subscales assessing a mother's perceptions on the quality of their relationship with their child (1.10, 95% CI 0.06 to 2.14) and satisfaction with their role as parents (0.46, 95% CI −0.15 to 1.07) than mothers in the comparison group. With the exception of childhood sleeping problems, there were no other significant differences in the outcomes across the two groups.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that home-visiting programmes delivered by community health nurses as part of routine clinical practice have the potential to improve maternal–child relationships and help mothers adjust to their role as parents.Clinical Trial RegistrationAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12608000275369.
Estimating population size, HIV prevalence and HIV incidence among men who have sex with men: a case example of synthesising multiple empirical data sources and methods in San Francisco
Authors: Raymond H Fisher , Bereknyei Sylvia , Berglas Nancy , Hunter Jennifer , Ojeda Norah , McFarland Willi 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThe number of persons living with HIV/AIDS, the number of new infections and the number of persons at risk for HIV infection are the foundations of evidence-based prevention, treatment and care planning. However, few jurisdictions have complete and accurate estimates of these indicators. HIV/AIDS case reporting, which includes only persons diagnosed with infection and reported to health departments, does not reflect all HIV/AIDS cases, thus underestimating the true size of the epidemic. Obtaining direct measures of HIV incidence is methodologically challenging. Moreover, no censuses exist for the number of persons at highest risk for infection, including men who have sex with men (MSM).MethodWe present an approach of triangulation that draws upon multiple empirical and overlapping sources of information through different methods to synthesise data-based estimates of the prevalence, incidence and denominator of MSM at risk for infection in San Francisco. We further use existing data to establish plausible upper and lower bounds for each estimate.ResultWe arrived at an overall population size of 66 487 of MSM in San Francisco as of 31 December 2010. The number of MSM living with HIV/AIDS was 15 873, corresponding to an HIV prevalence of 23.9%. We projected 806 new cases in 2010, translating to an incidence rate of 1.59% per year.ConclusionsWhile not without limitations, our estimates provide useful information for the purpose of HIV/AIDS prevention and care planning, drawing from diverse sources that may be available in local health jurisdictions. We believe that our approach enhances the credibility of such estimates by mitigating bias from only one source of data or one methodological approach.
Magnetic methods and the timing of geological processes
Authors: Jovane L. , Hinnov L. , Housen B. A. , Herrero-Barvera E. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Magnetostratigraphy is best known as a technique that employs correlation among different stratigraphic sections using the magnetic directions that define geomagnetic polarity reversals as marker-horizons. The ages of the polarity reversals provide common tie points among the sections, allowing accurate time correlation. Recently, magnetostratigraphy has acquired a broader meaning, now referring to many types of magnetic measurements within a stratigraphic sequence. Many of these measurements provide correlation and age control not only for the older and younger boundaries of a polarity interval, but also within intervals. Thus, magnetostratigraphy no longer represents a dating tool based only on the geomagnetic polarity reversals, but comprises a set of techniques that includes measurements of all geomagnetic field parameters, environmental magnetism, rock magnetic and palaeoclimatic change recorded in sedimentary rocks, and key corrections to magnetic directions related to geodynamics, tectonics and diagenetic processes.
On the palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic constraints regarding the age of IODP 325 Hole M0058A
Authors: Herrero-Bervera Emilio , Jovane Luigi 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

We have studied the rock magnetic and palaeomagnetic properties of a 41 m long core (Hole M0058A) recovering calcareous sediments located seaward of Noggin Reef, offshore Queensland, Australia to decipher the magnetostratigrapy of the site. We deployed 1 cm
3
samples at every 10 cm down-core and subsampled the core by means of U-channels in order to obtain a continuous record. Stepwise alternating field demagnetization from natural remanent magnetization to 80 mT showed that the characteristic remanent magnetization was isolated at low demagnetization fields between 0 and 15 mT. We conducted magnetic granulometry analyses and Curie point determinations. The low-field v. temperature analyses indicate the presence of Ti-poor magnetite with Curie points from 560 to 563 °C. Hysteresis loop experiments were performed. The results show
M
rs
/
M
s
and
H
cr
/
H
c
ratios corresponding to single domain to multi-domain and super-paramagnetic to single domain ranges. Both discrete and continuous inclination results indicate a remarkable correlation of three excursional inclinations occurring during intervals of low intensity of magnetization closely corresponding to the Laschamp (
c.
41 ka), Skálamælifell (
c.
94 ka) and Blake (
c.
115–120 ka) ‘aborted reversals,’ and indicate that the base of the core is much older than the Blake excursion.