bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costs of diagnosing dementia: results from SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry
Authors: Wimo Anders , Religa Dorota , Spångberg Kalle , Edlund Ann‐Katrin , Winblad Bengt , Eriksdotter Maria 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveDiagnostic of different dementia disorders is an important part of dementia care. So far, there is limited knowledge about how dementia is diagnosed in clinical routine, and there are few reports on the costs of the dementia work‐up leading to a diagnosis. Here, we examine the costs of diagnostic dementia work‐up in Sweden.MethodsThe analyses were made on the data from the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem) and included 11,561 dementia patients diagnosed during 2007–2010, mainly not only in specialist care (SC) (n = 53) but also some primary care centres (PC). We have studied differences in the use of investigations for dementia diagnostics such as cognitive tests, blood and cerebrospinal fluid analyses, radiological examinations and assessments of functions. Unit costs for each diagnostic investigation were combined with the use of these investigations for all cases in the database. Results are presented versus gender and stratified for age.ResultsThe number of diagnostic tests performed was 2.8 in PC and 4.6 in SC. The average costs (€1 = SEK9 and US$1 = SEK7 in 2010) were SEK6777 in PC and SEK11,682 in SC. Age was the strongest cost predictor while there were no gender differences. There were also regional differences, ranging from SEK8231 to SEK14,734 in SC.ConclusionsThe SveDem database offers valuable information on the diagnostic procedures for dementia in daily clinical practice. The differences between PC and SC in diagnostic costs reflect national guidelines. The age effect needs to be studied more. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Executive functioning in older adults with hoarding disorder
Authors: Ayers Catherine R. , Wetherell Julie Loebach , Schiehser Dawn , Almklov Erin , Golshan Shahrokh , Saxena Sanjaya 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundHoarding disorder (HD) is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric condition. Midlife HD patients have been found to have neurocognitive impairment, particularly in areas of executive functioning, but the extent to which this is due to comorbid psychiatric disorders has not been clear.Aims/MethodThe purpose of the present investigation was to examine executive functioning in geriatric HD patients without any comorbid Axis I disorders (n = 42) compared with a healthy older adult comparison group (n = 25). We hypothesized that older adults with HD would perform significantly worse on measures of executive functioning (Wisconsin Card Sort Task [Psychological Assessment Resources, Lutz, Florida, USA] ( Psychological Assessment Resources, 2003) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐IV digit span and letter–number sequencing tests [Pearson, San Antonio, TX, USA]).ResultsOlder adults with HD showed significant differences from healthy older controls in multiple aspects of executive functioning. Compared with healthy controls, older adults with HD committed significantly more total, non‐perseverative errors and conceptual level responses on the Wisconsin Card Sort Task and had significantly worse performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐IV digit span and letter–number sequencing tests. Hoarding symptom severity was strongly correlated with executive dysfunction in the HD group.ConclusionsCompared with demographically‐matched controls, older adults with HD have dysfunction in several domains of executive functioning including mental control, working memory, inhibition, and set shifting. Executive dysfunction is strongly correlated with hoarding severity and is not because of comorbid psychiatric disorders in HD patients. These results have broad clinical implications suggesting that executive functioning should be assessed and taken into consideration when developing intervention strategies for older adults with HD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tetrahydrobiopterin in nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Tejero Jesús , Stuehr Dennis 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSummary: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a critical enzyme for the production of the messenger molecule nitric oxide (NO) from L‐arginine. NOS enzymes require tetrahydrobiopterin as a cofactor for NO synthesis. Besides being one of the few enzymes to use this cofactor, the role of tetrahydrobiopterin in NOS catalytic mechanism is different from other enzymes: during the catalytic cycle of NOS, tetrahydrobiopterin forms a radical species that is again reduced, thus effectively regenerating after each NO synthesis cycle. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about the role of tetrahydrobiopterin in the structure, function, and catalytic mechanism of NOS enzymes. © 2013 IUBMB Life 65(4):358–365, 2013.
Foreign body giant cells and osteoclasts are TRAP positive, have podosome‐belts and both require OC‐STAMP for cell fusion
Authors: Khan Usman A. , Hashimi Saeed M. , Bakr Mahmoud M. , Forwood Mark R. , Morrison Nigel A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMacrophages have the ability to fuse and form multinucleated giant cells such as Osteoclast (OCs) and FBGCs. Osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC‐STAMP) is an important cell surface protein involved in the formation of OCs. This study sought to determine if OC‐STAMP also regulates formation of FBGCs using expression analysis and subsequent inhibition studies. qPCR and Western blot analysis showed that OC‐STAMP expression is significantly higher in FBGCs compared to control monocytes (P < 0.05). Four days following cell culture, OCs were positive for TRAP and F‐actin ring formation, but FBGCs were not. In contrast, FBGCs were positive for TRAP and showed podosome belts comprised of F‐actin on Day 8. FBGCs were subsequently plated onto dentine, but despite presenting some morphologic features of OCs (OC‐STAMP expression, TRAP reactivity, and podosome belts) they failed to resorb bone. To evaluate a role for OC‐STAMP in FBGCs, we inhibited this cell surface protein with anti‐OC‐STAMP antibody and observed that cell fusion and podosome belt formation was inhibited in both OCs and FBGCs. Our data support the hypothesis that OC‐STAMP is a regulatory molecule for FBGCs; and that they are functionally distinct from OCs, despite similarities in gene expression profile, podosome belt formation, and TRAP expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1772–1778, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cellular control of connective tissue matrix tension
Authors: Langevin Helene M. , Nedergaard Maiken , Howe Alan K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe biomechanical behavior of connective tissue in response to stretching is generally attributed to the molecular composition and organization of its extracellular matrix. It also is becoming apparent that fibroblasts play an active role in regulating connective tissue tension. In response to static stretching of the tissue, fibroblasts expand within minutes by actively remodeling their cytoskeleton. This dynamic change in fibroblast shape contributes to the drop in tissue tension that occurs during viscoelastic relaxation. We propose that this response of fibroblasts plays a role in regulating extracellular fluid flow into the tissue, and protects against swelling when the matrix is stretched. This article reviews the evidence supporting possible mechanisms underlying this response including autocrine purinergic signaling. We also discuss fibroblast regulation of connective tissue tension with respect to lymphatic flow, immune function, and cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1714–1719, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment Preference among Suicidal and Self‐Injuring Women with Borderline Personality Disorder and PTSD
Authors: Harned Melanie S. , Tkachuck Mathew A. , Youngberg Kelly A. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesThis study examined treatment preferences among suicidal and self‐injuring women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and PTSD.MethodWomen (N = 42, Mage = 34) with BPD, PTSD and recent intentional self‐injury were evaluated upon entry into a psychotherapy outcome study.ResultsThe majority preferred a combined dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and prolonged exposure (PE) treatment (73.8%), followed by DBT alone (26.2%), and PE alone (0%). Women who preferred the combined treatment were more likely to report a desire to obtain relief from PTSD and to receive specific DBT and PE treatment components as reasons underlying this preference. Few women (21.4%) reported concerns about PE, but those who did were more likely to prefer DBT alone. More severe PTSD re‐experiencing symptoms, a childhood index trauma, and less reduction in positive affect after a trauma interview predicted a preference for the combined treatment.ConclusionsThese results may help to inform treatment for these complex patients.
Expression of Bacteroides fragilis hemolysins in vivo and role of HlyBA in an intra‐abdominal infection model
Authors: Lobo Leandro A. , Jenkins Audrey L. , Jeffrey Smith C. , Rocha Edson R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBacteroides fragilis is the most frequent opportunistic pathogen isolated from anaerobic infections. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the genetic and molecular aspects of gene expression of its virulence factors during extra‐intestinal infections. A potential virulence factor that has received little attention is the ability of B. fragilis to produce hemolysins. In this study, an implanted perforated table tennis “ping‐pong” ball was used as an intra‐abdominal artificial abscess model in the rat. This procedure provided sufficient infected exudate for gene expression studies in vivo. Real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to quantify the relative expression of hlyA, hlyB, hlyC, hlyD, hlyE, hlyF, hlyG, and hlyIII mRNAs. The hlyA mRNA was induced approximately sixfold after 4 days postinfection compared with the mRNA levels in the inoculum culture prior to infection. The hlyB mRNA increased approximately sixfold after 4 days and 12‐fold after 8 days postinfection. Expression of hlyC mRNA increased sixfold after 1 day, 45‐fold after 4 days, and 16‐fold after 8 days postinfection, respectively. The hlyD and hlyE mRNAs were induced approximately 40‐fold and 30‐fold, respectively, after 4‐days postinfection. The hlyF expression increased approximately threefold after 4‐days postinfection. hlyG was induced approximately fivefold after 4 and 8 days postinfection. The hlyIII mRNA levels had a steady increase of approximately four‐, eight‐, and 12‐fold following 1, 4, and 8 days postinfection, respectively. These findings suggest that B. fragilis hemolysins are induced and differentially regulated in vivo. Both parent and hlyBA mutant strains reached levels of approximately 3–8 × 109 cfu/mL after 1 day postinfection. However, the hlyBA mutant strain lost 2 logs in viable cell counts compared with the parent strain after 8 days postinfection. This is the first study showing HlyBA is a virulence factor which plays a role in B. fragilis survival in an intra‐abdominal abscess model.
EMLasso: logistic lasso with missing data
Authors: Sabbe N. , Thas O. , Ottoy J‐P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn clinical settings, missing data in the covariates occur frequently. For example, some markers are expensive or hard to measure. When this sort of data is used for model selection, the missingness is often resolved through a complete case analysis or a form of single imputation. An alternative sometimes comes in the form of leaving the most damaged covariates out. All these strategies jeopardise the goal of model selection.In earlier work, we have applied the logistic Lasso in combination with multiple imputation to obtain results in such settings, but we only provided heuristic arguments to advocate the method. In this paper, we propose an improved method that builds on firm statistical arguments and that is developed along the lines of the stochastic expectation–maximisation algorithm. We show that our method can be used to handle missing data in both categorical and continuous predictors, as well as in a nonpenalised regression. We demonstrate the method by applying it to data of 273 lung cancer patients. The objective is to select a model for the prediction of acute dysphagia, starting from a large set of potential predictors, including clinical and treatment covariates as well as a set of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting dissolved organic nitrogen export from a drained loblolly pine plantation
Authors: Tian Shiying , Youssef Mohamed A. , Skaggs R. Wayne , Chescheir G. M. , Amatya Devendra M. 
Published: February 2013

Key PointsA mechanistic model was developed to predict DON losses from terrestrial systemThe model accounts production, sorption, transport, leaching losses of DONThe new model successfully simulated DON losses from three drained forests
Engineered genetic information processing circuits
Authors: Qi Hao , Blanchard Andrew , Lu Ting 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCells implement functions through the computation of biological information that is often mediated by genetic regulatory networks. To reprogram cells with novel capabilities, a vast set of synthetic gene circuits has recently been created. These include simple modules, such as feedback circuits, feed‐forward loops, ultrasensitive networks, band‐pass filters, logic gate operators and others, with each carrying a specific information processing functionality. More advanced cellular computation can also be achieved by assembling multiple simple processing modules into integrated computational cores. Further, when coupled with other modules such as sensors and actuators, integrated processing circuits enable sophisticated biological functionalities at both intra‐ and intercellular levels. Engineered genetic information processing circuits are transforming our ability to program cells, offering us extraordinary opportunities to explore biological mechanisms and to address real‐world challenges. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:273–287. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1216This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Human milk oligosaccharides inhibit rotavirus infectivityin vitroand in acutely infected piglets
Authors: Hester Shelly N. , Chen Xin , Li Min , Monaco Marcia H. , Comstock Sarah S. , Kuhlenschmidt Theresa B. , Kuhlenschmidt Mark S. , Donovan Sharon M. 
Published: February 2013

Human milk (HM) is rich in oligosaccharides (HMO) that exert prebiotic and anti-infective activities. HM feeding reduces the incidence of rotavirus (RV) infection in infants. Herein, the anti-RV activity of oligosaccharides was tested in an establishedin vitrosystem for assessing cellular binding and viral infectivity/replication, and also tested in a newly developed, acute RV infection,in situpiglet model. For thein vitrowork, crude HMO isolated from pooled HM, neutral HMO (lacto-N-neotetraose, LNnT; 2′-fucosyllactose) and acidic HMO (aHMO, 3′-sialyllactose, 3′-SL; 6′-sialyllactose, 6′-SL) were tested against the porcine OSU strain and human RV Wa strain. The RV Wa strain was not inhibited by any oligosaccharides. However, the RV OSU strain infectivity was dose-dependently inhibited by sialic acid (SA)-containing HMO. 3′-SL and 6′-SL concordantly inhibited125I-radiolabelled RV cellular binding and infectivity/replication. For thein situstudy, a midline laparotomy was performed on 21-d-old formula-fed piglets and six 10 cm loops of ileum were isolatedin situ.Briefly, 2 mg/ml of LNnT, aHMO mixture (40 % 6′-SL/10 % 3′-SL/50 % SA) or media with or without the RV OSU strain (1 × 107focus-forming units) were injected into the loops and maintained for 6 h. The loops treated with HMO treatments+RV had lower RV replication, as assessed by non-structural protein-4 (NSP4) mRNA expression, than RV-treated loops alone. In conclusion, SA-containing HMO inhibited RV infectivityin vitro; however, both neutral HMO and SA with aHMO decreasedNSP4replication during acute RV infectionin situ.
USING CERES-WHEAT MODEL TO SIMULATE GRAIN YIELD PRODUCTION FUNCTION FOR FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN, CONDITIONS
Authors: BAKHSH A. , BASHIR I. , FARID H. U. , WAJID S. A. 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYUsing computer simulation model as a management tool requires model calibration and validation against field data. A three-year (2008–2009 to 2010–2011) field study was conducted at the Postgraduate Agricultural Research Station of the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, to simulate wheat grain yield production as a function of urea fertilizer applications using Crop Environment REsource Synthesis (CERES)-Wheat model. The model was calibrated using yield data for treatment of urea fertilizer application at the rate of 247 kg-urea ha−1 during growing season 2009–2010 and was validated against independent data sets of yield of two years (2008–2009 and 2010–2011) for a wide variety of treatments ranging from no urea application to 247 kg-urea ha−1 application. The model simulations were found to be acceptable for calibration as well as validation period, as the model evaluation indicators showed a mean difference of 8.9%, ranging from 0.05 to 15.38%, root mean square error of 356 having its range from 242 to 471 kg ha−1, against all observed grain yield data. The scenario simulations showed maximum grain yield of 4100 kg ha−1 for 350 kg-urea ha−1 in 2008–2009; 4600 kg ha−1 for 300 kg-urea ha−1 in 2009–2010 and 5200 kg ha−1 for 340 kg-urea ha−1 in 2010–2011. Any further increase in urea application resulted in decline of grain yield function. These results show that model has the ability to simulate effects of urea fertilizer applications on wheat yield; however, the simulated maximum grain yield data need field-based verification.
A NOTE ON THE GENUS OF GLOBAL FUNCTION FIELDS
Authors: ZHAO ZHENGJUN , WU XIA 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTo give a relatively elementary proof of the Brumer–Stark conjecture in a function field context involving no algebraic geometry beyond the Riemann–Roch theorem for curves, Hayes Compos. Math., vol. 55, 1985, pp. 209–239) defined a normalizing field $H_\mathfrak{e}^*$ associated with a fixed sgn-normalized Drinfeld module and its extension field $K_\mathfrak{m}$, which is an analogue of cyclotomic function fields over a rational function field. We present explicitly in this note the formulae for the genus of the two fields and the maximal real subfield $H_\mathfrak{m}$ of $K_\mathfrak{m}$. In some sense, our results can be regarded as generalizations of formulae for the genus of classical cyclotomic function fields obtained by Hayes Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., vol. 189, 1974, pp. 77–91) and Kida and Murabayashi (Tokyo J. Math., vol. 14(1), 1991, pp. 45–56).
A comparative greenhouse gas emission analysis of oilseed crops for biodiesel production in Greece
Authors: VLACHOS C. E. , MARIOLIS N. A. , SKARACIS G. N. 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) are considered as the most suitable crops for biodiesel production in the Mediterranean basin. Soybean (Glycine max L.) could also be used, under certain conditions. In Greece, the farming practice adopted in each region varies significantly, leading to significant differences in the levels of emitted greenhouse gases (GHG). Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated during the cultivation phase as grams of carbon dioxide equivalents (g CO2e) per megajoule (MJ), followed by emission savings (%) estimation when fossil fuels are replaced by biodiesel. Crop and region comparisons provided important information towards promoting sustainability. Overall, sunflower demonstrated the lowest average emissions, 53·8 g CO2e/MJ, followed by rapeseed and soybean. Furthermore, rapeseed achieved the lowest emission saving level required by European legislation in most cases studied, with an average value of 37%. Irrigation and nitrogen fertilization were the operations mostly contributing to the total quantity of GHG emissions. More specifically, the highest GHG emissions were found for soybean irrigation (34%) and rapeseed nitrogen fertilization (68%).
Hypopharyngeal presentation of cicatricial pemphigoid: videofluorographic and direct laryngoscopic findings
Authors: Murono S , Nakanishi Y , Fujimoto M , Yoshizaki T 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjective:Cicatricial pemphigoid can affect all mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract; however, hypopharyngeal involvement is less frequent.Case report:This paper presents a 69-year-old male diagnosed as having cicatricial pemphigoid who was experiencing difficulty swallowing. Videofluorography with barium swallow demonstrated narrow flow through the medial hypopharynx, but not through the lateral hypopharynx. Direct laryngoscopy revealed that the postcricoid hypopharyngeal lumen had become narrow due to circumferential scar formation. Interestingly, detached thin membranous webs were observed beyond the circumferential scar.Conclusion:This report describes important videofluorographic and direct laryngoscopic findings showing rare hypopharyngeal involvement in a case of cicatricial pemphigoid.
Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms after acute lung injury: a 2-year prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Bienvenu O. J. , Gellar J. , Althouse B. M. , Colantuoni E. , Sricharoenchai T. , Mendez-Tellez P. A. , Shanholtz C. , Dennison C. R. , Pronovost P. J. , Needham D. M. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundSurvivors of critical illnesses often have clinically significant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. This study describes the 2-year prevalence and duration of PTSD symptoms after acute lung injury (ALI), and examines patient baseline and critical illness/intensive care-related risk factors.MethodThis prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruited patients from 13 intensive care units (ICUs) in four hospitals, with follow-up 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after ALI onset. The outcome of interest was an Impact of Events Scale – Revised (IES-R) mean score ⩾1.6 (‘PTSD symptoms’).ResultsDuring the 2-year follow-up, 66/186 patients (35%) had PTSD symptoms, with the greatest prevalence by the 3-month follow-up. Fifty-six patients with post-ALI PTSD symptoms survived to the 24-month follow-up, and 35 (62%) of these had PTSD symptoms at the 24-month follow-up; 50% had taken psychiatric medications and 40% had seen a psychiatrist since hospital discharge. Risk/protective factors for PTSD symptoms were pre-ALI depression [hazard odds ratio (OR) 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–3.64], ICU length of stay (for a doubling of days, OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.06–1.83), proportion of ICU days with sepsis (per decile, OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.16), high ICU opiate doses (mean morphine equivalent ⩾100 mg/day, OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.02–4.42) and proportion of ICU days on opiates (per decile, OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74–0.94) or corticosteroids (per decile, OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.99).ConclusionsPTSD symptoms are common, long-lasting and associated with psychiatric treatment during the first 2 years after ALI. Risk factors include pre-ALI depression, durations of stay and sepsis in the ICU, and administration of high-dose opiates in the ICU. Protective factors include durations of opiate and corticosteroid administration in the ICU.