bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Suicidality Among Hispanic and African American Veterans Following Surgery
Authors: Copeland Laurel A. , McIntyre Raphael T. , Stock Eileen M. , Zeber John E. , MacCarthy Daniel J. , Pugh Mary Jo 
Published: August 2014

Objectives. We evaluated factors associated with suicidal behavior and ideation (SBI) during 3 years of follow-up among 89 995 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients who underwent major surgery from October 2005 to September 2006. Methods. We analyzed administrative data using Cox proportional hazards models. SBI was ascertained by International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision codes. Results. African Americans (18% of sample; 16 252) were at an increased risk for SBI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]  = 1.10, 1.32), whereas Hispanics were not (HR = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.95, 1.28). Other risk factors included schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, pain disorders, postoperative new-onset depression, and postoperative complications; female gender and married status were protective against SBI. Conclusions. The postoperative period might be a time of heightened risk for SBI among minority patients in the VHA. Tailored monitoring and postoperative management by minority status might be required to achieve care equity.
Smoking Cessation Among African American and White Smokers in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Authors: Burgess Diana J. , van Ryn Michelle , Noorbaloochi Siamak , Clothier Barbara , Taylor Brent C. , Sherman Scott , Joseph Anne M. , Fu Steven S. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives. We examined whether a proactive care smoking cessation intervention designed to overcome barriers to treatment would be especially effective at increasing cessation among African Americans receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration. Methods. We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial, the Veterans Victory over Tobacco study, involving a population-based electronic registry of current smokers (702 African Americans, 1569 Whites) and assessed 6-month prolonged smoking abstinence at 1 year via a follow-up survey of all current smokers. We also examined candidate risk adjustors for the race effect on smoking abstinence. Results. The interaction between patient race and intervention condition (proactive care vs usual care) was not significant. Overall, African Americans had higher quit rates than Whites (13% vs 9%; P < .006) regardless of condition. Conclusions. African Americans quit at higher rates than Whites. These findings may be a result of the large number of veterans receiving smoking cessation services and the lack of racial differences in receipt of these services as well as racial differences in smoking history, self-efficacy, and motivation to quit that favor African Americans.
Addressing Population Health and Health Inequalities: The Role of Fundamental Causes
Authors: Cerdá Magdalena , Tracy Melissa , Ahern Jennifer , Galea Sandro 
Published: August 2014

Objectives. As a case study of the impact of universal versus targeted interventions on population health and health inequalities, we used simulations to examine (1) whether universal or targeted manipulations of collective efficacy better reduced population-level rates and racial/ethnic inequalities in violent victimization; and (2) whether experiments reduced disparities without addressing fundamental causes. Methods. We applied agent-based simulation techniques to the specific example of an intervention on neighborhood collective efficacy to reduce population-level rates and racial/ethnic inequalities in violent victimization. The agent population consisted of 4000 individuals aged 18 years and older with sociodemographic characteristics assigned to match distributions of the adult population in New York City according to the 2000 US Census. Results. Universal experiments reduced rates of victimization more than targeted experiments. However, neither experiment reduced inequalities. To reduce inequalities, it was necessary to eliminate racial/ethnic residential segregation. Conclusions. These simulations support the use of universal intervention but suggest that it is not possible to address inequalities in health without first addressing fundamental causes.
Retaining Homeless Veterans in Outpatient Care: A Pilot Study of Mobile Phone Text Message Appointment Reminders
Authors: McInnes D. Keith , Petrakis Beth Ann , Gifford Allen L. , Rao Sowmya R. , Houston Thomas K. , Asch Steven M. , O’Toole Thomas P. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives. We examined the feasibility of using mobile phone text messaging with homeless veterans to increase their engagement in care and reduce appointment no-shows. Methods. We sent 2 text message reminders to participants (n = 20) before each of their outpatient appointments at an urban Veterans Affairs medical center. Evaluation included pre- and postsurvey questionnaires, open-ended questions, and review of medical records. We estimated costs and savings of large-scale implementation. Results. Participants were satisfied with the text-messaging intervention, had very few technical difficulties, and were interested in continuing. Patient-cancelled visits and no-shows trended downward from 53 to 37 and from 31 to 25, respectively. Participants also experienced a statistically significant reduction in emergency department visits, from 15 to 5 (difference of 10; 95% confidence interval [CI]  = 2.2, 17.8; P = .01), and a borderline significant reduction in hospitalizations, from 3 to 0 (difference of 3; 95% CI = −0.4, 6.4; P = .08). Conclusions. Text message reminders are a feasible means of reaching homeless veterans, and users consider it acceptable and useful. Implementation may reduce missed visits and emergency department use, and thus produce substantial cost savings.
Racial Disparities in Cancer Care in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System and the Role of Site of Care
Authors: Samuel Cleo A. , Landrum Mary Beth , McNeil Barbara J. , Bozeman Samuel R. , Williams Christina D. , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives. We assessed cancer care disparities within the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system and whether between-hospital differences explained disparities. Methods. We linked VA cancer registry data with VA and Medicare administrative data and examined 20 cancer-related quality measures among Black and White veterans diagnosed with colorectal (n = 12 897), lung (n = 25 608), or prostate (n = 38 202) cancer from 2001 to 2004. We used logistic regression to assess racial disparities for each measure and hospital fixed-effects models to determine whether disparities were attributable to between- or within-hospital differences. Results. Compared with Whites, Blacks had lower rates of early-stage colon cancer diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72, 0.90), curative surgery for stage I, II, or III rectal cancer (AOR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.41, 0.78), 3-year survival for colon cancer (AOR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.62, 0.89) and rectal cancer (AOR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.42, 0.87), curative surgery for early-stage lung cancer (AOR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.41, 0.60), 3-dimensional conformal or intensity-modulated radiation (3-D CRT/IMRT; AOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.47, 0.59), and potent antiemetics for highly emetogenic chemotherapy (AOR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.78, 0.98). Adjustment for hospital fixed-effects minimally influenced racial gaps except for 3-D CRT/IMRT (AOR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.65, 0.87) and potent antiemetics (AOR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.82, 1.10). Conclusions. Disparities in VA cancer care were observed for 7 of 20 measures and were primarily attributable to within-hospital differences.
Quasiglobal Multiphase Upscaling of Reservoir Models With Nonlocal Stratigraphic Heterogeneities
Authors: Alpak Faruk O. 
Published: August 2014

Summary
Representing the complete spectrum of fine-scale stratigraphic details in full-field dynamic models of geologically complex clastic reservoirs is beyond the limits of existing computational capabilities. A quasiglobal multiphase upscaling method—the regional-scale multiphase upscaling (RMU) method—is developed, in which the dynamic effects of subgrid-scale (typically subseismic) nonlocal stratigraphic reservoir elements (e.g., channels, lobes, sand bars, and shale drapes) are captured by means of pseudofunctions for flow simulation. Unlike conventional dynamic multiphase upscaling methods, the RMU method does not require fine-resolution reservoir-scale simulations. Rather, it relies on intermediate-scale sector-model simulations for pseudoization. The intermediate scale, also referred to as the regional scale, is defined as the spatial scale at which the global multiphase flow effects of nonlocal stratigraphic elements can be approximated by fine-resolution flow simulations with reasonable accuracy. During the pseudoization process, dynamic multiphase flow responses of coarse regional-scale sector models are calibrated against those stemming from their corresponding fine-resolution parent models. Each regional-scale sector model is simulated only once at the fine geologic resolution. The process involves automatic determination and subsequent modification of the parameters that describe rock relative permeability and capillary pressure functions. Coarse regional-scale models are simulated a few times until a reasonable match between their coarse- and fine-resolution dynamic responses can be attained. The parameter-estimation step of the pseudoization process is performed by use of a very efficient constrained nonlinear optimization algorithm.
The RMU method is evaluated in two proof-of-concept numerical examples involving a plethora of turbidite stratigraphic architectures. The method yields simulation results that are always more accurate than conventionally upscaled coarse-resolution model predictions. Incorporating geologically based pseudofunctions into otherwise simple coarse-resolution full-field reservoir models reduces the simulation cycle time significantly and improves the accuracy of production forecasts. The RMU method typically delivers two to three orders of magnitude in speed up of flow simulations.
Relationship between the maxillary transverse dimension and palatally displaced canines: A cone-beam computed tomographic study
Authors: Hong Wei-Hsin , Radfar Rebecca , Chung Chun-Hsi 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To examine the relationship between palatally displaced maxillary canines (PDC) and the maxillary transverse dimension using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-three patients (11 males and 22 females, mean age 18.2 years) with PDC were matched to 66 patients (22 males and 44 females, mean age 18.1 years) without PDC (control) by gender, age, and posterior occlusion. A CBCT image was taken on all the patients prior to any orthodontic treatment. For each patient the maxillary basal bone widths and interdental widths at the maxillary first molars and first and second premolars were measured on axial and coronal sections of CBCT images. In addition, the presence of permanent tooth agenesis and the widths of maxillary incisors were recorded.

Results:
Similar maxillary transverse dimensions, both skeletally and dentally, were found between the PDC and control groups. In the PDC group, the number of patients with permanent tooth agenesis was six times higher than in the control group. In addition, the maxillary lateral incisors on PDC-affected sides were smaller than those of control group (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions:
The maxillary transverse dimension, both skeletally and dentally, had no effect on the occurrence of PDC. The higher prevalence of permanent tooth agenesis was found in the PDC group. Moreover, the mean mesiodistal width of maxillary lateral incisors in the PDC group was significantly smaller than in the control group (P &lt; .05).
Variation of orthodontic treatment decision-making based on dental model type: A systematic review
Authors: Pachêco-Pereira Camila , De Luca Canto Graziela , Major Paul W. , Flores-Mir Carlos 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine in which clinical scenarios digital models are valid as replacements for plaster models during orthodontic treatment decision-making process and treatment planning.Materials and Methods: An attempt to identify all pertinent published information was made. Retained articles were those where a decision-making process leading to differential orthodontic treatment plans based on either method were compared. The search was tailored for PubMed and adapted for EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, LILACS, and Web of Science. A partial grey literature search was conducted through Google Scholar. References lists of the included articles were screened for potential relevant studies. The methodology of selected studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS).Results: Only two studies were finally selected for the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. QUADAS results scores from selected studies ranged from 61% to 83% of 11 items evaluated. In one, the overall treatment plan regarding orthognathic surgery for Class II malocclusion changed in 13% to 22% of the cases. In the other one, 6% of the orthodontic treatment plans changed.Conclusion: Digital models could be used to replace plaster models in Class II malocclusion treatment planning.
A Restorative Approach for Class II Resin Composite Restorations: A Two-Year Follow-up
Authors: Santos MJMC 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARY
This clinical report describes a restorative technique used to replace two Class II resin composite restorations on the upper premolars. A sectional matrix band was used in conjunction with an elastic ring (Composi-Tight) to obtain tight proximal contact. A nanofilled resin composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra) was incrementally applied using oblique layers to reduce the C-factor, each layer being no more than 2 mm thick, and then light cured for 20 seconds with a light-emitting diode lamp (EliparFreeLight 2 LED Curing Light) with a power density of 660 mW/cm2. A centripetal technique was used to restore the lost tooth structure from the periphery toward the center of the cavity in order to achieve a better contour and anatomy with less excess, thereby minimizing the use of rotary instruments during the finishing procedures. Finally, the resin composite restorations were finished and polished, and a surface sealer (Perma Seal) was applied to fill small gaps and defects that may have been present on the surfaces and margins of the restorations after the finishing and polishing procedures.
Longitudinal Results of a 10-year Clinical Trial of Repair of Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Moncada G , Vildósola P , Fernández E , Estay J , de Oliveira Júnior OB , de Andrade MF , Martin J , Mjör IA , Gordan VV 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARY
The aim of this prospective, blind, and randomized clinical trial was to assess the effectiveness of repair of localized clinical defects in amalgam restorations that were initially scheduled for replacement. A cohort of 20 patients with 40 (Class I and Class II) amalgam restorations that presented one or more clinical features that deviated from the ideal (Bravo or Charlie) according to US Public Health Service criteria, were randomly assigned to either the repair or the replacement group—A: repair, n = 19; and B: replacement, n = 21. Two examiners who had calibration expertise evaluated the restorations at baseline and 10 years after according to seven parameters: marginal occlusal adaptation, anatomic form, surface roughness, marginal staining, contact, secondary caries, and luster. After 10 years, 30 restorations (75%) were evaluated (Group A: n = 17; Group B: n = 13). Repaired and replaced amalgam restorations showed similar survival outcomes regarding marginal defects and secondary caries in patients with low and medium caries risk, and most of the restorations were considered clinically acceptable after 10 years. Repair treatment increased the potential for tooth longevity, using a minimally interventional procedure. All restorations trend to downgrade over time.
De la volatilité comme paradigme : la politique étrangère américaine vis-à-vis de l'Inde et du Pakistan dans les années 1970
Authors: Cavanna Thomas 
Published: August 2014

Cet article décrit les contours et l’influence de la politique étrangère américaine vis-à-vis de l’Inde et du Pakistan de 1971 à 1981. Il procède en quatre temps, correspondant aux grands tournants – supposés – de cette politique : troisième conflit indo-pakistanais (1971), premier essai nucléaire de l’Inde (1974), changements de régime et/ou de leader dans les trois pays (1977), invasion soviétique de l’Afghanistan (1979). La priorité paradigmatique accordée par Washington à sa rivalité contre l’URSS évacua toute prise en compte des réalités du sous-continent indien. De cette négligence découla une politique régionale volatile, en termes de degré d’implication, d’objectifs et de positionnement vis-à-vis de la rivalité indo-pakistanaise. Cette volatilité contribua à décrédibiliser les États-Unis et, surtout, à déstabiliser la région sur le long terme.
Age-Related, Sport-Specific Adaptions of the Shoulder Girdle in Elite Adolescent Tennis Players
Authors: Cools Ann M. , Palmans Tanneke , Johansson Fredrik R. 
Published: August 2014

Context
Tennis requires repetitive overhead movements that can lead to upper extremity injury. The scapula and the shoulder play a vital role in injury-free playing. Scapular dysfunction and glenohumeral changes in strength and range of motion (ROM) have been associated with shoulder injury in the overhead athlete.

Objective
To compare scapular position and strength and shoulder ROM and strength between Swedish elite tennis players of 3 age categories (&lt;14, 14–16, and &gt;16 years).

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Tennis training sports facilities.

Patients or Other Participants
Fifty-nine adolescent Swedish elite tennis players (ages 10–20 years) selected based on their national ranking.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We used a clinical screening protocol with a digital inclinometer and a handheld dynamometer to measure scapular upward rotation at several angles of arm elevation, isometric scapular muscle strength, glenohumeral ROM, and isometric rotator cuff strength.

Results
Players older than 16 years showed less scapular upward rotation on the dominant side at 90° and 180° (P &lt; .05). Although all absolute scapular muscle strength values increased with age, there was no change in the body-weight–normalized strength of the middle (P = .9) and lower (P = .81) trapezius or serratus anterior (P = .17). Glenohumeral internal-rotation ROM and total ROM tended to decrease, but this finding was not statistically significant (P = .052 and P = .06, respectively). Whereas normalized internal-rotator strength increased from 14 to 16 years to older than 16 years (P = .009), normalized external-rotator and supraspinatus strength remained unchanged.

Conclusions
Age-related changes in shoulder and scapular strength and ROM were apparent in elite adolescent tennis players. Future authors should examine the association of these adaptations with performance data and injury incidence.
Benefits of and Barriers to Using Patient-Rated Outcome Measures in Athletic Training
Authors: Valier Alison R. Snyder , Jennings Amy L. , Parsons John T. , Vela Luzita I. 
Published: August 2014

Context:
Patient-rated outcome measures (PROMs) are important for driving treatment decisions and determining treatment effectiveness. However, athletic trainers (ATs) rarely use them; understanding why may facilitate strategies for collection of these outcomes.

Objective:
To identify the benefits of and barriers to using PROMs in athletic training.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 1469 randomly sampled ATs (age = 36.8 ± 9.8 years; 48% female) working in the college/university, 2-year institution, secondary school, clinic, hospital, or industrial/occupational setting.

Intervention(s):
An e-mail was sent to ATs inviting them to complete a survey regarding the use, benefits, and barriers of PROMs. Athletic trainers who indicated they used PROMs (AT-PRs) completed 65 questions about the benefits of and barriers to their use. Athletic trainers who indicated no use of PROMs (AT-NONs) completed 21 questions about barriers of use.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Dependent variables were the endorsements for the benefits of and barriers to the use of PROMs.

Results:
A total of 458 ATs initiated the survey and 421 (AT-PR = 26%, AT-NON = 74%) completed it (response rate = 28.7%). The most frequently endorsed benefits by AT-PRs were enhancing communication with patients (90%) and other health care professionals (80%), directing patient care (87%), and increasing examination efficiency (80%). The most frequently endorsed barriers by AT-PRs were that PROMs are time consuming (44%), difficult (36%), and confusing (31%) for patients and time consuming for clinicians to score and interpret (29%). The most frequently endorsed problems by AT-NONs were that PROMs are time consuming for clinicians to score and interpret (31%), time consuming (46%) and irrelevant to patients (28%), and lacking a support structure for clinicians (29%).

Conclusions:
These results suggest that, although benefits to using PROMs exist, there are also barriers. Barriers are similar for AT-PRs and AT-NONs. Strategies to decrease barriers and facilitate the use of PROMs warrant investigation.
Biomechanical Comparison of 3 Ankle Braces With and Without Free Rotation in the Sagittal Plane
Authors: Alfuth Martin , Klein Dieter , Koch Raphael , Rosenbaum Dieter 
Published: August 2014

Context:Various designs of braces including hinged and nonhinged models are used to provide external support of the ankle. Hinged ankle braces supposedly allow almost free dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot in the sagittal plane. It is unclear, however, whether this additional degree of freedom affects the stabilizing effect of the brace in the other planes of motion.Objective:To investigate the dynamic and passive stabilizing effects of 3 ankle braces, 2 hinged models that provide free plantar flexion–dorsiflexion in the sagittal plane and 1 ankle brace without a hinge.Design:Crossover study.Setting:University Movement Analysis Laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Seventeen healthy volunteers (5 women, 12 men; age = 25.4 ± 4.8 years; height = 180.3 ± 6.5 cm; body mass = 75.5 ± 10.4 kg).Intervention(s):We dynamically induced foot inversion on a tilting platform and passively induced foot movements in 6 directions via a custom-built apparatus in 3 brace conditions and a control condition (no brace).Main Outcome Measure(s):Maximum inversion was determined dynamically using an in-shoe electrogoniometer. Passively induced maximal joint angles were measured using a torque and angle sensor. We analyzed differences among the 4 ankle-brace conditions (3 braces, 1 control) for each of the dependent variables with Friedman and post hoc tests (P &lt; .05).Results:Each ankle brace restricted dynamic foot-inversion movements on the tilting platform as compared with the control condition, whereas only the 2 hinged ankle braces differed from each other, with greater movement restriction caused by the Ankle X model. Passive foot inversion was reduced with all ankle braces. Passive plantar flexion was greater in the hinged models as compared with the nonhinged brace.Conclusions:All ankle braces showed stabilizing effects against dynamic and passive foot inversion. Differences between the hinged braces and the nonhinged brace did not appear to be clinically relevant.