bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of psoriasis with biologic and non‐biologic targeted therapies in patients with latent tuberculosis infection or at risk for tuberculosis disease progression: Recommendations from a SPIN‐FRT expert consensus
Authors: Torres T. , Brembilla N. C. , Langley R. G. , Warren R. B. , Thaçi D. , Kolios A. G. A. , Prinz J. C. , Londono‐Garcia A. , Nast A. , Santin M. , Goletti D. , Abreu M. , Spuls P. , Boehncke W. H. , Puig L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a significant global health problem. In immunocompetent individuals, the microorganism can remain in a latent, non‐contagious form, however, it may become active under conditions of immunosuppression. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, which are frequently used for the management of immune‐mediated disorders like psoriasis, have been associated with a significantly increased risk of reactivating latent TB. Consequently, international guidelines recommend TB screening and preventive treatment before starting anti‐TNF therapy. These recommendations have extended to IL‐12/23, IL‐17, IL‐23 and TYK2 inhibitors under a caution principle, despite their different mechanisms of action. However, current evidence suggests that some of these agents are arguably not associated with an increased risk of TB reactivation or development of TB disease after infection, which calls for a critical reassessment of these guidelines. We have conducted a literature search evaluating the risk of TB reactivation associated with these innovative therapies, integrating findings from both randomized clinical trials and real‐world evidence. The identified evidence is limited but the low number of identified cases of reactivation with IL‐17 and IL‐23 inhibitors prompts reconsidering the need for preventive treatment for latent TB in all cases, regardless of biologic class or individual patient's risk of TB reactivation or drug toxicity. This review, along with the clinical insight of a panel of experts on behalf of the SPIN‐FRT, led to the development of these consensus recommendations for managing psoriasis treatment in patients with latent TB infection or at risk of TB infection, who are receiving or are intended to receive biologic and non‐biologic targeted therapies. These recommendations highlight the need for updates to the existing guidelines, aiming to provide a more differentiated approach that reflects the evolving landscape of psoriasis treatment and its implications for TB management.
Gaidropsarus mauritanicus (Gadiformes, Gaidropsaridae) a new three‐bearded rockling from a deep‐water coral ecosystem with a genetically verified biogeographical distribution of the genus and notes to its ecology and behavior
Authors: Knorrn Alexander H. , Beuck Lydia , Barros‐García David , Fernández‐Peralta Lourdes , Freiwald André 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGaidropsarus mauritanicus sp. nov. is described from one specimen collected using a grab sample from the Tanoûdêrt Canyon (ca. 20° N) off Mauritania at a depth of 595 m. The new species was further observed during eight remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives along the Mauritanian slope southwards down to the Tiguent Coral Mound Complex (~17° N) in a bathymetric range between 613 and 416 m. It can be distinguished from congeners by a combination of characteristics, including large eyes (38.1% head length [HL]), large head (25.8% standard length [SL]), elongated pelvic fins (35.7% SL), low number of vertebrae (44), and coloration (pinkish with a dorsal darker brownish hue and bright blotches along the dorsal‐fin base). A species‐delimitation analysis performed with available cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences affiliated to the genus Gaidropsarus additionally supported the validity of the new species. Video analyses showed a deep‐water coral‐associated and protection‐seeking behavior, which may explain why the species has remained undescribed until now. Additional ROV footage from separate deep‐water coral sites in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea further highlights the ecological behavior and hidden diversity of bathyal three‐bearded rocklings. Here, we additionally discuss the biogeographical distribution of all genetically verified Gaidropsarus spp. in combination with genetic data and morphological characters. G. mauritanicus sp. nov. is closely related to a species from Tasmania (43° S), a geographical point furthest among the studied samples, which may hint to an important influence of (paleo‐) oceanography on the distributions of Gaidropsarus species.
Wrist‐worn voice recorders capture the circumstances and context of losses of balance among community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Lee Youngjae , Alexander Neil B. , Pompeii Lisa , Nyquist Linda V. , Madigan Michael L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMost falls among community‐dwelling older adults are due to a loss of balance (LOB) after tripping or slipping. Unfortunately, limited insight is available on the detailed circumstances and context of these LOBs. Moreover, commonly used methods to collect this information is susceptible to limitations of memory recall. The goal of this pilot observational study was to explore the circumstances and context of self‐reported LOBs captured by wrist‐worn voice recorders among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsIn this pilot observational cohort study, 30 community‐dwelling adults with a mean (SD) age of 71.8 (4.4) years were asked to wear a voice recorder on their wrist daily for 3 weeks. Following any naturally‐occurring LOB, participants were asked to record their verbal responses to six questions regarding the circumstances and context of each LOB abbreviated with the mnemonic 4WHO: When, Where, What, Why, How, and Outcome.ResultsParticipants wore the voice recorder 10.9 (0.6) hours per day for 20.7 (0.5) days. One hundred seventy‐five voice recordings were collected, with 122 meeting our definition of a LOB. Each participant reported 0–23 LOBs over the 3 weeks or 1.4 (2.1) per participant per week. Across all participants, LOBs were most commonly reported 3 p.m. or later (42%), inside the home (39%), while walking (33%), resulting from a trip (54%), and having induced a stepping response to regain balance (48%). No LOBs resulted in a fall.ConclusionsAmong community‐dwelling older adults, wrist‐worn voice recorders capture the circumstances and context of LOBs thereby facilitating the documentation of detail of LOBs and potentially falls, without reliance on later recall.
Occurrence of Phyllariopsis brevipes (C. Agardh) E.C. Henry & G.R. South 1987 in the Gulf of Naples
Authors: Colletti Alberto , Chiarore Antonia , De Benedictis Sara , Fabbrizzi Erika , Franzitta Giulio , Licciardi Luca , Musumeci Simone , Neiva João , Silvestrini Chiara , Fraschetti Simonetta 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe first record of the kelp species Phyllariopsis brevipes in the Campania Region (Tyrrhenian Sea, South Italy) is here reported. The species has been observed in October 2021 in four sites along Sorrento Peninsula and Capri Island coast during scuba diving surveys. P. brevipes grew on living thalli of crustose coralline algae from 32 up to 55 m depth, occasionally forming dense aggregations with a maximum cover of about 0.2 m2. The DNA barcoding analysis on the basis of the cox1 gene supported the identification, with 98.36% of similarity between the sample collected in this study (NCBI accession number: PP622796) and a sequence obtained from a specimen from Provence, Mediterranean France (NCBI accession number: GQ368264). The study area can be considered a stepping stone for the species dispersion. The occurrence of P. brevipes can be related to upwelling and good water quality and the monitoring of its health status might be a sentinel of environmental changes.
Local carbon reserves are insufficient for phloem terpene induction during drought in Pinus edulis in response to bark beetle‐associated fungi
Authors: Thompson R. Alex , Malone Shealyn C. , Peltier Drew , Six Diana , Robertson Nathan , Oliveira Celso , McIntire Cameron D. , Pockman William T. , McDowell Nate G. , Trowbridge Amy M. , Adams Henry D. 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Stomatal closure during drought inhibits carbon uptake and may reduce a tree's defensive capacity. Limited carbon availability during drought may increase a tree's mortality risk, particularly if drought constrains trees' capacity to rapidly produce defenses during biotic attack.

We parameterized a new model of conifer defense using physiological data on carbon reserves and chemical defenses before and after a simulated bark beetle attack in mature Pinus edulis under experimental drought. Attack was simulated using inoculations with a consistent bluestain fungus (Ophiostoma sp.) of Ips confusus, the main bark beetle colonizing this tree, to induce a defensive response.

Trees with more carbon reserves produced more defenses but measured phloem carbon reserves only accounted for c. 23% of the induced defensive response. Our model predicted universal mortality if local reserves alone supported defense production, suggesting substantial remobilization and transport of stored resin or carbon reserves to the inoculation site.

Our results show that de novo terpene synthesis represents only a fraction of the total measured phloem terpenes in P. edulis following fungal inoculation. Without direct attribution of phloem terpene concentrations to available carbon, many studies may be overestimating the scale and importance of de novo terpene synthesis in a tree's induced defense response.
SlWRKY51 regulates proline content to enhance chilling tolerance in tomato
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Zhang Meihui , Wu Chuanzhao , Chen Chong , Meng Lun , Zhang Guangqiang , Zhuang Kunyang , Shi Qinghua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChilling stress is a major environmental factor that significantly reduces crop production. To adapt to chilling stress, plants activate a series of cellular responses and accumulate an array of metabolites, particularly proline. Here, we report that the transcription factor SlWRKY51 increases proline contents in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under chilling stress. SlWRKY51 expression is induced under chilling stress. Knockdown or knockout of SlWRKY51 led to chilling‐sensitive phenotypes, with lower photosynthetic capacity and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation than the wild type (WT). The proline contents were significantly reduced in SlWRKY51 knockdown and knockout lines under chilling stress, perhaps explaining the phenotypes of these lines. D‐1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), which catalyses the rate‐limiting step of proline biosynthesis, is encoded by two closely related P5CS genes (P5CS1 and P5CS2). We demonstrate that SlWRKY51 directly activates the expression of P5CS1 under chilling stress. In addition, the VQ (a class of plant‐specific proteins containing the conserved motif FxxhVQxhTG) family member SlVQ10 physically interacts with SlWRKY51 to enhance its activation of P5CS1. Our study reveals that the chilling‐induced transcription factor SlWRKY51 enhances chilling tolerance in tomato by promoting proline accumulation.
Exogenous stimulation of Tanacetum vulgare roots with pipecolic acid leads to tissue‐specific responses in terpenoid composition
Authors: Rahimova H. , Heinen R. , Weber B. , Weisser W. W. , Schnitzler J.‐P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tanacetum vulgare L., tansy, is a perennial plant with highly variable terpenoid composition, with mono‐ and sesquiterpenoids being the most abundant. The high diversity of terpenoids plays an important role in mediating ecological interactions. However, the distribution of terpenoids in different tissues and inducibility of terpenoids in these tissues via biotic stress are poorly understood.
We investigated changes in terpenoid profiles and concentrations in different organs following treatment of roots with pipecolic acid (Pip), a non‐proteinogenic amino acid that triggers defence responses leading to induce systemic resistance (SAR) in plants.
Tansy leaves and midribs contained mainly monoterpenoids, while coarse and fine roots contained mainly sesquiterpenoids. Rhizomes contained terpenoid profiles of both midribs and roots but also unique compounds. Treatment with Pip led to an increase in concentrations of mono‐ and sesquiterpenoids in all tissues except rhizomes. However, significantly more sesquiterpenoids was formed in root tissues in response to Pip treatment, compared to shoots.
The metabolic atlas for terpenoids presented here shows that there is exceptionally strong differentiation of terpenoid patterns and terpenoid content in different tissues of tansy. This, together with differential inducibility by Pip, suggests that the chemical diversity of terpenoids may play an important role in tansy ecological interactions and defence against biotic stressors that feed on below‐ and aboveground organs.
Transcription factors and plant hormones mediate wax metabolism in response to drought stress
Authors: Gao Yanlong , Ma Xiaolan , Zhang Zhongxing , Wang Yanxiu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlants have, throughout evolution, developed a hydrophobic cuticle to protect them from various stresses in the terrestrial environment. The cuticle layer is mainly composed of cutin and cuticular wax, a mixture of very‐long‐chain fatty acids and their derivatives. With the progress of transcriptome sequencing and other research methods, the key enzymes, transporters and regulatory factors in wax synthesis and metabolism have been gradually identified, especially the study on the regulation of wax metabolism by transcription factors and others in response to plant stress has become a hot topic. Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits plant growth and crop productivity. Plant epidermal wax prevents non‐stomatal water loss and improves water use efficiency to adapt to arid environments. In this study, the ways of wax synthesis, transport, metabolism and regulation at different levels are reviewed. At the same time, the regulation of wax by different transcription factors and plant hormones in response to drought is elaborated, and key research questions and important directions for future solutions are proposed to enhance the potential application of epidermal wax in agriculture and the environment.
Incidence of residual biologic debris and contamination of reused bipolar vessel sealing devices after ethylene oxide sterilization following splenectomy
Authors: Folk Christian A. , Buote Nicole J. , Socha Dennis E. , Hayes Galina M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to quantify the amount of biologic debris present within disposable bipolar vessel sealing devices after each use for canine splenectomies and determine the aerobic bacterial load of the debris following instrument resterilization with ethylene oxide.Study designProspective observational clinical study.Study populationClient‐owned dogs (n = 40) presenting to a single specialty hospital for open, routine, or emergency splenectomies.MethodsA total of 16 bipolar vessel sealing devices were randomly assigned to undergo one, two, three, or four splenectomies, manual hand cleanings, and ethylene oxide sterilizations before being dismantled. After final use and sterilization, each handset was agitated in phosphate‐buffered saline before disassembly, which was submitted for aerobic culture. Following aseptic disassembly, all biological residue was photo‐documented, collected, quantified using a subjective scoring system, and submitted for culture.ResultsBiologic debris was present within the inner mechanics of all devices, specifically under the blade used for vessel transection. A linear increase in debris was not appreciated amongst devices used once versus devices used multiple times. None of the devices nor any of the biologic debris cultured positive following sterilization with ethylene oxide.ConclusionThe presence of biologic debris was documented after the initial use of disposable bipolar vessel sealing devices, but no devices or debris yielded positive culture results following ethylene oxide sterilization after splenectomies.Clinical significanceIncreased risk of iatrogenic surgical site contamination from reused vessel sealing devices is unlikely when they have been cleaned and sterilized with ethylene oxide after up to four splenectomy surgeries.
An Updated Review on the Spatial Distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Across Ticks, Animals and Humans in Northeastern China and Adjacent Regions
Authors: Dong Ruixuan , Fang Ruying , Yang Xin , Sun Yifan , Zhang Yinsheng , Li Sen 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLyme disease is a tick‐borne zoonotic disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and is prevalent in northeastern Asia, particularly in the forested area of Northeastern China. However, a lack of systematic data on the spatial distribution of B. burgdorferi in this region hinders the prediction of its transmission risk across the landscape.MethodsTo provide an updated overview and establish a comprehensive spatial distribution database, we conducted a systematic review of literature published between 2000 and 2022. We collected and compiled relevant data on B. burgdorferi in Northeastern China and its neighbouring regions, outlining its distribution in ticks, wild animals, livestock and humans. Spatial analysis was performed to identify spatial clusters of tick positivity and host infection rates.ResultsFrom a total of 1823 literature, we selected 110 references to compile 626 detection records of B. burgdorferi, including 288 in ticks, 109 in wildlife, 111 in livestock and domestic animals and 100 in humans. The average detection rate of B. burgdorferi in ticks was approximately 20%, with wildlife, livestock and domestic animal host positivity rates below 50% and human seroprevalence rates varying from 0.94% to 44.18%.ConclusionsThe study identified the presence of 17 tick species and ten genotypes of B. burgdorferi in the region, indicating a broad distribution. Notably, B. burgdorferi exhibited notable clustering, particularly in the central and eastern areas of Jilin Province, warranting further investigation.
New afroalpine Oppiidae (Acari, Oribatida) from Ethiopia
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G. , Rybalov Leonid , Kuzmicheva Evgeniya 
Published: August 2024

Two new species of Oppiidae are described, based on adults collected from Ethiopia. Arcoppia afroalpina Ermilov sp. nov. differs from its closely related species, A. arcualis arcualis by the morphology of the rostrum, the length and morphology of branches on the bothridial head, and the body size. Helioppia ethiopiaensis Ermilov sp. nov. differs from its closely related species, H. sol by the morphology of the rostrum, the morphology of the bothridial head, the development of the notogastral seta c, the location of the notogastral seta la, the presence of the costula, and longer notogastral setae. The generic diagnosis of Helioppia is presented.
Embedding Multimodal Rehabilitation Within Routine Cancer Care in Sheffield—The Active Together Service Evaluation Protocol
Authors: Myers Anna , Humphreys Liam , Thelwell Michael , Pickering Katie , Frith Gabbi , Phillips Gail , Keen Carol , Copeland Robert , _ _ 
Published: August 2024

Background: Approximately 3 million people in the United Kingdom are currently living with or beyond cancer. People undergoing treatment for cancer are at risk of complications following treatment. Increasing evidence supports the role of rehabilitation (including prehabilitation) in enhancing psychological and physical well-being in patients with cancer and improving outcomes. Active Together is an evidence-based, multimodal rehabilitation service for patients with cancer, providing support to help patients prepare for and recover from treatment. This paper presents the evaluation protocol for the Active Together service, aiming to determine its impact on patient-reported outcomes and clinical endpoints, as well as understand processes and mechanisms that influence its delivery and outcomes. Methods: This evaluation comprises an outcome and process evaluation, with service implementation data integrated into the analysis of outcome measures. The outcome evaluation will assess changes in outcomes of patients that attend the service and compare health care resource use against historical data. The process evaluation will use performance indicators, semistructured interviews, and focus groups to explore mechanisms of action and contextual factors influencing delivery and outcomes. Integrating psychological change mechanisms with outcome data might help to clarify complex causal pathways within the service. Conclusions: Evidence to support the role of multimodal rehabilitation before, during, and after cancer treatment is increasing. The translation of that evidence into practice is less advanced. Findings from this evaluation will contribute to our understanding of the real-world impact of cancer rehabilitation and strengthen the case for widespread adoption of rehabilitation into routine care for people with cancer.
The enhanced neutral process with decreasing cell size: a study on phytoplankton metacommunities from the glacier-fed river of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
Authors: Wu Zhihua , Xiong Xiong , Liu Guoxiang , Zhu Huan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The cell size of phytoplankton is an important defining functional trait that can serve as a driver and sentinel of phytoplankton community structure and function. However, the study of the assembly patterns and drivers of phytoplankton metacommunities with different cell sizes has not been widely carried out. In this study, we systematically investigated the biodiversity patterns, drivers, and assembly processes of the three phytoplankton cell sizes (micro: 20–200 μm; nano: 2–20 μm; pico: 0.2–2 μm) in the Za’gya Zangbo River from the source to the estuary using 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing. The results demonstrated that the alpha diversity and co-occurrence network complexity for all three sizes of phytoplankton increased to a peak downstream of the glacier sources and then decreased to the estuary. The nanophytoplankton subcommunity consistently had the highest alpha diversity and co-occurrence network complexity. On the other hand, total beta diversity followed a unimodal trend of decreasing and then increasing from source to estuary, and was dominated by species replacement components. In addition, deterministic processes driven mainly by physiochemical indices (PCIs) and biogenic elements (BGEs) dominated the assembly of micro- and nanophytoplankton subcommunities, whereas stochastic processes driven by geographical factors (GGFs) dominated the assembly of picophytoplankton subcommunities. The results explained the contradictions in previous studies of phytoplankton community assembly processes in highland aquatic ecosystems, elucidating the different contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes, and the complexity of compositional mechanisms in shaping the assembly of micro-, nano-, and picophytoplankton in this highland glacial river.

IMPORTANCE
The cell size of phytoplankton is a key life-history trait and key determinant, and phytoplankton of different cell sizes are differentially affected by ecological processes. However, the study of the assembly patterns and drivers of phytoplankton metacommunities with different cell sizes has not been widely carried out. We provide an in-depth analysis of phytoplankton community diversity across three cell sizes in the glacier-fed river, describing how the pattern of phytoplankton communities differs across cell sizes in response to geochemical gradients. The results show that the smaller phytoplankton (picophytoplankton) are relatively more influenced by dispersal-based stochastic processes, whereas larger ones (microphytoplankton and nanophytoplankton) are more structured by selection-based deterministic processes.