bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NHS dentistry in Britain: A long overdue check‐up
Authors: Lunt Neil , Exworthy Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere has been longstanding international fascination with the British National Health Service since it was established in 1948. The British population itself has offered enduring support for the principles and institutions of public provision. However, coverage of the NHS has typically been uneven in academic and policy debates. There is limited understanding of some darker corners of NHS provision resulting in a partial picture of public service provision. Public dentistry has been a Cinderella service in broader debates about the NHS and a check‐up is overdue. We offer a long‐term view of dentistry that assesses the current state of dental health policy, including its gradual decay. We examine the purpose of dentistry and the challenge of injecting fundamental National Health Service values (weighted capitation and a focus on need) into services and which necessitates redistribution and tackling shibboleths of NHS provision. Alongside political values and public attitudes, we examine the interests of professional stakeholders and how the combination of values, attitudes, and interests does not currently cohere into a sustainable policy. We explore how dentistry might recover purpose and respond to need. Discussion is prescient considering an acknowledged crisis in British dental care, including widespread public and media coverage, and with 2024 being a general election year with NHS provision a familiar battleground.
Reactivity of Phosphaalkyne tBuCP Toward a Ga‐Functionalized Germylene
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhosphaalkynes are the heavier congener of nitriles which feature a polarized Cδ−≡Pδ+ triple bond. Since the isolation of the first phosphaalkyne in 1981, these compounds have become important ligands for transition metals and valuable building blocks in synthetic chemistry. The reported reactivity with germylenes is rare, to expand this chemistry, we studied the reactivity of the recently developed gallium‐substituted germylene 1 ([LPhGe−Ga(Cl)LBDI] (LPh=PhC(NtBu)2; LBDI=[{2,6‐iPr2C6H3NCMe}2CH]) with tBuC≡P. Already at room temperature, insertion of the phosphaalkyne into the Ga−Ge bond occurred, resulting a metal‐functionalized (Z)‐phosphaalkenyl complex [LPhGe{C(tBu)=P}−Ga(Cl)LBDI] (2). Complex 2 was characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and spectroscopic methods (1H, 13C{1H}, 31P{1H} NMR and IR).
Asymptotic analysis of MHD chemically reacting boundary layer flow of Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Kathuroju Santhosh Kumar , Prashar Preeti , Ojjela Odelu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFluids with enhanced heat transport characteristics are essential for efficient convection heat transportation. Hybrid nanofluids have demonstrated their effectiveness as viable substitutes for conventional heat transport fluids. This study explores the heat and mass exchange occurring within a chemically reactive, unsteady boundary layer flow of a copper oxide‐multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CuO‐MWCNTs)/ethylene glycol Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid. Additionally, the influence of heat source/sink effects in a hydromagnetic environment is carefully added. The study employs a non‐Newtonian flow model and incorporates the Arrhenius activation energy for analysis. The hybrid nanofluid consists of a base fluid, ethylene glycol, enriched with copper oxide nanoparticles and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. The governing coupled non‐linear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations, considering appropriate free stream, and wall boundary conditions; then, the Shooting method is employed to solve the resulting ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in MATLAB. The graphical and numerical outcomes are studied for various parameter combinations. The graphs illustrate the numerical results for the CuO‐MWCNTs/ethylene glycol hybrid nanofluid. These results are comprehensively discussed to analyze the influence of different thermo‐fluidic parameters on the Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid's heat, mass, and flow characteristics. The skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are provided in a numerical table that displays the alterations of these parameters across various parameter values. As the Jeffrey fluid parameter rises, the Nusselt number and skin friction escalate, while the Sherwood number diminishes. Conversely, as the Deborah number rises, the Nusselt number and skin friction decline, but the Sherwood number increases. A comparative analysis with published results confirms the consistency of the present results.
Nearly critical superfluid: effective field theory and holography
Authors: Bu Yanyan , Gao Hongfei , Gao Xin , Li Zhiwei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study a nearly critical superfluid system from two complementary approaches. Within the first approach, we formulate a Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theory (EFT) for the system when it is located slightly above the critical temperature. The dynamical variables in the EFT construction are two scalars: a neutral scalar associated with the conserved U(1) charge, and a complex scalar describing the order parameter. The set of symmetries, particularly the dynamical Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) symmetry and chemical shift symmetry, strictly constrains the form of EFT action. Within the second approach, using the holographic Schwinger-Keldysh technique, we derive the effective action for a “microscopic” holographic superfluid, confirming the EFT construction. A systematic inclusion of non-Gaussianity is one highlight of present study.
Topological defects in K3 sigma models
Authors: Angius Roberta , Giaccari Stefano , Volpato Roberto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider the topological defect lines commuting with the spectral flow and the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (4, 4) superconformal symmetry in two dimensional non-linear sigma models on K3. By studying their fusion with boundary states, we derive a number of general results for the category of such defects. We argue that while for certain K3 models infinitely many simple defects, and even a continuum, can occur, at generic points in the moduli space the category is actually trivial, i.e. it is generated by the identity defect. Furthermore, we show that if a K3 model is at the attractor point for some BPS configuration of D-branes, then all topological defects have integral quantum dimension. We also conjecture that a continuum of topological defects arises if and only if the K3 model is a (possibly generalized) orbifold of a torus model. Finally, we test our general results in a couple of examples, where we provide a partial classification of the topological defects.
Strong Cosmic Censorship in Kerr-Newman-de Sitter
Authors: Davey Alex , Dias Óscar J. C. , Sola Gil David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Christodoulou’s formulation of Strong Cosmic Censorship (SCC) holds true for Kerr-de Sitter black holes. On the other hand, Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black holes violate SCC. We do a detailed scan of the parameter space of Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black holes between these two limiting families, to identify the boundary that marks the transition between solutions that respect and violate SCC. We focus our attention on linear scalar field perturbations. SCC is violated inside a (roughly) ‘spherical’ shell of the parameter space of Kerr-Newman-de Sitter, centred at the corner that describes arbitrarily small extremal Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter solutions. Outside of this region, including the Kerr-de Sitter limit, we identify perturbation modes that decay slow enough to enforce SCC. Additionally, we do a necessary study of the quasinormal mode spectra of Kerr-Newman-de Sitter in some detail. As established in the literature, in the Kerr-de Sitter and Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter limits, we find three families of modes: de Sitter, photon sphere and near-horizon modes. These interact non-trivially away from the Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter limit and display eigenvalue repulsions like in Kerr-Newman black holes.
Collider sensitivity to SMEFT heavy-quark operators at one-loop in top-quark processes
Authors: Degrande C. , Rosenfeld R. , Vasquez A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study the effects of four-heavy-quark operators in the production of top quarks in the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) at the LHC. In particular, we compute for the first time the total contribution of the four-top-quark operator which enters only at the one-loop level in the top-quark pair production process. Analytical results at one-loop are presented for the gluon- and quark-initiated sub-processes, which allowed a first complete validation of the SMEFT@NLO in MadGraph5_aMC@NLO. The 95% CL bounds on four-heavy-quark operators from the available top-quark pair and four-top-quark production data are provided, which are complementary to other bounds found in the literature. We focus on the comparison of the sensitivities of the top-quark pair and the four-top-quark production processes, where in the latter case the four-top-quark operator contributes at tree-level. We conclude that the sensitivities of the two processes to four-heavy-quark operators are comparable. The projected sensitivities of both processes at HL-LHC are also presented.
Deconstructing flavor anomalously
Authors: Fuentes-Martín Javier , Lizana Javier M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Flavor deconstruction refers to ultraviolet completions of the Standard Model where the gauge group is split into multiple factors under which fermions transform non-universally. We propose a mechanism for charging same-family fermions into different factors of a deconstructed gauge theory in a way that gauge anomalies are avoided. The mechanism relies in the inclusion of a strongly-coupled sector, responsible of both anomaly cancellation and the breaking of the non-universal gauge symmetry. As an application, we propose different flavor deconstructions of the Standard Model that, instead of complete families, uniquely identify specific third-family fermions. All these deconstructions allow for a new physics scale that can be as low as few TeV and provide an excellent starting point for the explanation of the Standard Model flavor hierarchies.
On Lieb–Robinson Bounds for a Class of Continuum Fermions
Authors: Hinrichs Benjamin , Lemm Marius , Siebert Oliver 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider the quantum dynamics of a many-fermion system in

$${{\mathbb {R}}}^d$$

R

d

with an ultraviolet regularized pair interaction as previously studied in Gebert et al. (Ann Henri Poincaré 21(11):3609–3637, 2020). We provide a Lieb–Robinson bound under substantially relaxed assumptions on the potentials. We also improve the associated one-body Lieb–Robinson bound on

$$L^2$$

L
2

-overlaps to an almost ballistic one (i.e., an almost linear light cone) under the same relaxed assumptions. Applications include the existence of the infinite-volume dynamics and clustering of ground states in the presence of a spectral gap. We also develop a fermionic continuum notion of conditional expectation and use it to approximate time-evolved fermionic observables by local ones, which opens the door to other applications of the Lieb–Robinson bounds.
Implications of stress concentrators and work hardening in flat tensile samples subjected to milling and abrasive water jet machining
Authors: Buglioni Luciano , Krahmer Daniel Martínez , Sánchez Egea Antonio , Simoncelli Alejandro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe milling process is the standard method for producing flat tensile test specimens from sheet metal. However, alternative methods employed in the industry for cutting sheet metal include abrasive water jet cutting, laser cutting, punching, and, to a lesser extent, electrical discharge machining. Among these, abrasive water jet cutting stands out for its superior material integrity, versatility, precision, and efficiency, making it a preferred choice. Previous studies consistently show that specimens cut by abrasive water jetting exhibit lower ultimate tensile strength and higher percent elongation than those obtained by milling in standardized tensile tests. This study investigates this behavior across different types of steel and alloys. Both steel types were subjected to milling and water jetting processes, followed by an analysis of their experimental and simulated mechanical behavior to identify discrepancies between the two methods. The findings suggest that milling, influenced by factors such as feed per tooth and cutter diameter, introduces geometric stress concentrators. This relative increase in ultimate tensile strength and decrease in percent elongation are observed consistently in milled tensile specimens compared to those cut by water jet, regardless of material type or thickness. Additionally, the effects of perimeter hardening resulting from superficial plastic deformation caused by the cutting edge, likely due to its small thickness, do not influence the observed trends significantly.
Promising the potential of β-caryophyllene on mercury chloride–induced alteration in cerebellum and spinal cord of young Wistar albino rats
Authors: Yahyazadeh Ahmad , Gur Fatih Mehmet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMercury chloride (ME) is a chemical pollutant commonly found in the environment, which can contribute to undesirable health consequence worldwide. The current study investigated the detrimental impact of ME on the cerebellum and spinal cord tissues in 6–8-week-old female rats. We also evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of β-caryophyllene (BC) against spinal and cerebellar changes caused by ME. Thirty-five young Wistar albino rats were randomly chosen and assigned into five groups: control (CO), olive oil (OI), ME, BC, ME + BC. All samples were analysed by means of unbiased stereological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histopathological methods. Our biochemical findings showed that SOD level was significantly increased in the ME group compared to the CO group (p < 0.05). We additionally detected a statistically significant decrease in the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells and granular cells, as well as spinal motor neuron in the ME group compared to the CO group (p < 0.05). In the ME + BC group, the number of Purkinje cells, granular cells, and spinal motor neurons was significantly higher compared to the ME group (p < 0.05). Decreased SOD activity in the ME + BC group was also detected than the ME group (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical (the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) and histopathological examinations also exhibited crucial information in each of the group. Taken together, ME exposure was associated with neurotoxicity in the cerebellum and spinal cord tissues. BC treatment also mitigated ME-induced neurological alteration, which may imply its potential therapeutic benefits.
The positive reinforcing effects of cocaine and opposite-sex social contact: roles of biological sex and estrus
Authors: Smith Mark A. , Armas Samantha P. , Camp Jacob D. , Carlson Hannah N. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Rationale
Preclinical studies report that drug use and social contact mutually influence the reinforcing effects of one another. Most of these studies have used same-sex dyads exclusively, and the role of factors related to biological sex and hormonal fluctuations are not well understood.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine the reinforcing effects of cocaine and social contact with an opposite-sex partner in male and female rats, and how these effects are modulated by ovarian hormones.

Methods
Male and female rats were trained in a nonexclusive choice procedure in which cocaine and social contact with an opposite-sex partner were simultaneously available on concurrent progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement. To examine the effects of ovarian hormones related to estrous cycling, Experiment 1 used naturally cycling, gonadally intact females, whereas Experiment 2 used ovariectomized females, and estrus was artificially induced with exogenous hormones.

Results
In both experiments, cocaine and social contact functioned as robust reinforcers, and there were no significant effects of biological sex or estrus status of the females. The positive reinforcing effects of both cocaine and social contact increased as a function of cocaine dose, indicating that contingent cocaine administration increases the reinforcing effects of social contact.

Conclusions
These data suggest that cocaine use among opposite-sex partners may enhance factors that contribute to social bonding.
Progress, applications, and challenges in high-throughput effect-directed analysis for toxicity driver identification — is it time for HT-EDA?
Authors: Alvarez-Mora Iker , Arturi Katarzyna , Béen Frederic , Buchinger Sebastian , El Mais Abd El Rahman , Gallampois Christine , Hahn Meike , Hollender Juliane , Houtman Corine , Johann Sarah , Krauss Martin , Lamoree Marja , Margalef Maria , Massei Riccardo , Brack Werner , Muz Melis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe rapid increase in the production and global use of chemicals and their mixtures has raised concerns about their potential impact on human and environmental health. With advances in analytical techniques, in particular, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), thousands of compounds and transformation products with potential adverse effects can now be detected in environmental samples. However, identifying and prioritizing the toxicity drivers among these compounds remain a significant challenge. Effect-directed analysis (EDA) emerged as an important tool to address this challenge, combining biotesting, sample fractionation, and chemical analysis to unravel toxicity drivers in complex mixtures. Traditional EDA workflows are labor-intensive and time-consuming, hindering large-scale applications. The concept of high-throughput (HT) EDA has recently gained traction as a means of accelerating these workflows. Key features of HT-EDA include the combination of microfractionation and downscaled bioassays, automation of sample preparation and biotesting, and efficient data processing workflows supported by novel computational tools. In addition to microplate-based fractionation, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) offers an interesting alternative to HPLC in HT-EDA. This review provides an updated perspective on the state-of-the-art in HT-EDA, and novel methods/tools that can be incorporated into HT-EDA workflows. It also discusses recent studies on HT-EDA, HT bioassays, and computational prioritization tools, along with considerations regarding HPTLC. By identifying current gaps in HT-EDA and proposing new approaches to overcome them, this review aims to bring HT-EDA a step closer to monitoring applications.
Graphical Abstract
High resolution imaging of human development: shedding light on contrast agents
Authors: Jacobs Karl , Docter Daniel , de Smit Lotte , Korfage Hans A. M. , Visser Sophie C. , Lobbezoo Frank , Hlushchuk Ruslan , de Bakker Bernadette S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Visualizing (micro)vascular structures remains challenging for researchers and clinicians due to limitations in traditional radiological imaging methods. Exploring the role of vascular development in craniofacial malformations in experimental settings can enhance understanding of these processes, with the effectiveness of high-resolution imaging techniques being crucial for successful research in this field. Micro-CT imaging offers 3D microstructural insights, but requires contrast-enhancing staining agents (CESAs) for visualizing (micro)-vascular tissues, known as contrast-enhanced micro-CT (CECT). As effective contrast agents are crucial for optimal visualization, this review focuses on comparative studies investigating such agents for micro-vascular tissue imaging using micro-CT. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utilization of B-Lugol solution as a promising contrast agent for acquiring high-quality micro-CT images of (micro)vascular structures in human embryonic samples.

Method
This scoping review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols. PubMed database provided relevant articles, screened initially by title and abstract. Inclusion and exclusion criteria defined outcomes of interest.

Results
From an initial search, 273 records were identified, narrowed down to 9 articles after applying our criteria. Additionally, two articles were added through citation searching. This, a total of 11 articles were incorporated in this study.

Conclusion
This micro-CT contrast agent review underscores the need for tailored choices based on research goals. Both Barium sulfate and Iodine-based agents showing excellent results, providing high resolution (micro) vascular content, especially in ex-vivo specimens. However, careful consideration of protocols and tissue characteristics remains imperative for optimizing the effectiveness of micro-CT imaging for the study of cranio-facial vascular development.
Learning to sculpt neural cityscapes
Authors: Zhu Jialin , Wang He , Hogg David , Kelly Tom 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe introduce a system that learns to sculpt 3D models of massive urban environments. The majority of humans live their lives in urban environments, using detailed virtual models for applications as diverse as virtual worlds, special effects, and urban planning. Generating such 3D models from exemplars manually is time-consuming, while 3D deep learning approaches have high memory costs. In this paper, we present a technique for training 2D neural networks to repeatedly sculpt a plane into a large-scale 3D urban environment. An initial coarse depth map is created by a GAN model, from which we refine 3D normal and depth using an image translation network regularized by a linear system. The networks are trained using real-world data to allow generative synthesis of meshes at scale. We exploit sculpting from multiple viewpoints to generate a highly detailed, concave, and water-tight 3D mesh. We show cityscapes at scales of$$100 \times 1600$$100×1600meters with more than 2 million triangles, and demonstrate that our results are objectively and subjectively similar to our exemplars.