bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
We don't know how to help: an online survey of school staff
Authors: Knightsmith Pooky , Treasure Janet , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundEating disorders (ED) have a peak rate of onset in school‐aged children. Little is known about teachers’ experiences of ED.MethodA total of 826 school staff completed an online questionnaire exploring their Eating Disorder experiences. Responses were analysed using content analysis principles.Results74 per cent of respondents’ schools had received no training on ED, 40% did not know how to follow up pupils’ Eating Disorder concerns and 89% of respondents felt uncomfortable teaching pupils about ED.ConclusionsSchool staff feel ill‐equipped to support ED. Training in the recognition, support and teaching of ED would be welcomed and could improve outcomes for young people.
Snapshots reflecting the lives of siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Latta A. , Rampton T. , Rosemann J. , Peterson M. , Mandleco B. , Dyches T. , Roper S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundPast research focused on the effects of raising a child with autism spectrum disorder on families. However, most research examined parents' perspectives rather than siblings' perspectives. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative descriptive design was to use photo elicitation to capture perspectives of siblings living with a child with autism spectrum disorder.MethodsFourteen siblings (nine male) of 13 children with autism spectrum disorder received disposable cameras with 24–27 colour exposures, and were asked to photograph what was important to them within 2 weeks. After developing snapshots, investigators interviewed siblings about their photographs, and used open, axial and selective coding to determine photograph categories and subcategories.ResultsTwo major categories were found: people (family members, non‐family members) and non‐people (personal items/objects, animals, buildings, scenery). Interviews about photographs reflected experiences siblings had with people/non‐people in the snapshots and their normal everyday activities. Most photographs revealed family life and activities any sibling would experience whether or not they lived in a family raising a child with autism spectrum disorder.ConclusionsPhoto elicitation facilitates communication between children and health‐care professionals, and provides information about living with a child with autism spectrum disorder from the sibling's perspective. This information contributes to our knowledge base and allows development of specific intervention plans for siblings of these children.
Body mass index (BMI)‐for‐age and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among high school students in Tehran
Authors: Jalali‐Farahani S. , Chin Y. S. , Amiri P. , Mohd Taib M. N. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe study aimed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI)‐for‐age and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among high school students in Tehran.MethodsA total of 465 high school students (227 girls and 238 boys) and their parents were participated in this cross‐sectional study. Body weight and height of the students were measured. For assessing HRQOL, both adolescent self‐report and parent proxy‐report of the Persian version of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™4.0) questionnaire were completed by adolescents and their parents respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity (38.5%) was higher than severe thinness and thinness (2.8%). Mean of adolescent self‐reported and parent proxy‐reported HRQOL total score were 80.26 ± 12.07 and 81.30 ± 14.08 respectively. In terms of HRQOL subscale scores, the highest subscale score of HRQOL was reported in social functioning (87.27 ± 14.40) and the lowest score was reported in emotional functioning (69.83 ± 18.69). Based on adolescent self‐report, adolescent boys had significantly higher mean score for total and all subscale scores of HRQOL compared with girls (P < 0.05). BMI‐for‐age was inversely correlated to adolescent self‐reported HRQOL total score (r = −0.25, P < 0.05). Based on adolescents self‐report, HRQOL total score was significantly different by body weight status (F = 16.16, P < 0.05). Normal weight adolescents had significantly higher HRQOL total score compared with overweight (mean difference: 7.32; P < 0.05) and obese adolescents (mean difference: 9.10, P < 0.05). The HRQOL total score was not significantly different between normal weight and underweight adolescents (mean difference: 1.65, P = 0.96). However, based on parent proxy‐reports, HRQOL total score was not significantly different by body weight status (F = 2.64, P = 0.059).ConclusionMore than one‐third of adolescents were overweight and obese. BMI‐for‐age was inversely correlated to adolescent self‐reported HRQOL. Based on adolescents' perspective, overweight and obese adolescents had poorer HRQOL compared with normal weight adolescents. Intervention studies are needed to improve the HRQOL of overweight and obese adolescents in Tehran.
Semantizing Complex 3D Scenes using Constrained Attribute Grammars
Authors: Boulch A. , Houllier S. , Marlet R. , Tournaire O. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe propose a new approach to automatically semantize complex objects in a 3D scene. For this, we define an expressive formalism combining the power of both attribute grammars and constraint. It offers a practical conceptual interface, which is crucial to write large maintainable specifications. As recursion is inadequate to express large collections of items, we introduce maximal operators, that are essential to reduce the parsing search space. Given a grammar in this formalism and a 3D scene, we show how to automatically compute a shared parse forest of all interpretations — in practice, only a few, thanks to relevant constraints. We evaluate this technique for building model semantization using CAD model examples as well as photogrammetric and simulated LiDAR data.
Practical Anisotropic Geodesy
Authors: Campen Marcel , Heistermann Martin , Kobbelt Leif 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe computation of intrinsic, geodesic distances and geodesic paths on surfaces is a fundamental low‐level building block in countless Computer Graphics and Geometry Processing applications. This demand led to the development of numerous algorithms – some for the exact, others for the approximative computation, some focussing on speed, others providing strict guarantees. Most of these methods are designed for computing distances according to the standard Riemannian metric induced by the surface's embedding in Euclidean space. Generalization to other, especially anisotropic, metrics – which more recently gained interest in several application areas – is not rarely hampered by fundamental problems. We explore and discuss possibilities for the generalization and extension of well‐known methods to the anisotropic case, evaluate their relative performance in terms of accuracy and speed, and propose a novel algorithm, the Short‐Term Vector Dijkstra. This algorithm is strikingly simple to implement and proves to provide practical accuracy at a higher speed than generalized previous methods.
Sparse Iterative Closest Point
Authors: Bouaziz Sofien , Tagliasacchi Andrea , Pauly Mark 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRigid registration of two geometric data sets is essential in many applications, including robot navigation, surface reconstruction, and shape matching. Most commonly, variants of the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm are employed for this task. These methods alternate between closest point computations to establish correspondences between two data sets, and solving for the optimal transformation that brings these correspondences into alignment. A major difficulty for this approach is the sensitivity to outliers and missing data often observed in 3D scans. Most practical implementations of the ICP algorithm address this issue with a number of heuristics to prune or reweight correspondences. However, these heuristics can be unreliable and difficult to tune, which often requires substantial manual assistance. We propose a new formulation of the ICP algorithm that avoids these difficulties by formulating the registration optimization using sparsity inducing norms. Our new algorithm retains the simple structure of the ICP algorithm, while achieving superior registration results when dealing with outliers and incomplete data. The complete source code of our implementation is provided at http://lgg.epfl.ch/sparseicp.
Bijective Composite Mean Value Mappings
Authors: Schneider T. , Hormann K. , Floater M.S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe introduce the novel concept of composite barycentric mappings and give theoretical conditions under which they are guaranteed to be bijective. We then focus on mean value mappings and derive a simple procedure for computing their Jacobians, leading to an efficient GPU‐assisted implementation for interactively designing composite mean value mappings which are bijective up to pixel resolution. We provide a number of examples of 2D image deformation and an example of 3D shape deformation based on a natural extension of the concept to spatial mappings.
Consistent Shape Maps via Semidefinite Programming
Authors: Huang Qi‐Xing , Guibas Leonidas 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRecent advances in shape matching have shown that jointly optimizing the maps among the shapes in a collection can lead to significant improvements when compared to estimating maps between pairs of shapes in isolation. These methods typically invoke a cycle‐consistency criterion — the fact that compositions of maps along a cycle of shapes should approximate the identity map. This condition regularizes the network and allows for the correction of errors and imperfections in individual maps. In particular, it encourages the estimation of maps between dissimilar shapes by compositions of maps along a path of more similar shapes.In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for obtaining consistent shape maps in a collection that formulates the cycle‐consistency constraint as the solution to a semidefinite program (SDP). The proposed approach is based on the observation that, if the ground truth maps between the shapes are cycle‐consistent, then the matrix that stores all pair‐wise maps in blocks is low‐rank and positive semidefinite. Motivated by recent advances in techniques for low‐rank matrix recovery via semidefinite programming, we formulate the problem of estimating cycle‐consistent maps as finding the closest positive semidefinite matrix to an input matrix that stores all the initial maps. By analyzing the Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker (KKT) optimality condition of this program, we derive theoretical guarantees for the proposed algorithm, ensuring the correctness of the recovery when the errors in the inputs maps do not exceed certain thresholds. Besides this theoretical guarantee, experimental results on benchmark datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms state‐of‐the‐art multiple shape matching methods.
Dynamic Maps for Exploring and Browsing Shapes
Authors: Kleiman Yanir , Fish Noa , Lanir Joel , Cohen‐Or Daniel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLarge datasets of 3D objects require an intuitive way to browse and quickly explore shapes from the collection. We present a dynamic map of shapes where similar shapes are placed next to each other. Similarity between 3D models exists in a high dimensional space which cannot be accurately expressed in a two dimensional map. We solve this discrepancy by providing a local map with pan capabilities and a user interface that resembles an online experience of navigating through geographical maps. As the user navigates through the map, new shapes appear which correspond to the specific navigation tendencies and interests of the user, while maintaining a continuous browsing experience. In contrast with state of the art methods which typically reduce the search space by selecting constraints or employing relevance feedback, our method enables exploration of large sets without constraining the search space, allowing the user greater creativity and serendipity. A user study evaluation showed a strong preference of users for our method over a standard relevance feedback method.
Dirichlet Energy for Analysis and Synthesis of Soft Maps
Authors: Solomon Justin , Guibas Leonidas , Butscher Adrian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSoft maps taking points on one surface to probability distributions on another are attractive for representing surface mappings in the presence of symmetry, ambiguity, and combinatorial complexity. Few techniques, however, are available to measure their continuity and other properties. To this end, we introduce a novel Dirichlet energy for soft maps generalizing the classical map Dirichlet energy, which measures distortion by computing how soft maps transport probabilistic mass from one distribution to another. We formulate the computation of the Dirichlet energy in terms of a differential equation and provide a finite elements discretization that enables all of the quantities introduced to be computed. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework for understanding soft maps arising from various sources. Furthermore, we suggest how these energies can be applied to generate continuous soft or point‐to‐point maps.
Watertight Scenes from Urban LiDAR and Planar Surfaces
Authors: van Kreveld M. , van Lankveld T. , Veltkamp R. C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe demand for large geometric models is increasing, especially of urban environments. This has resulted in production of massive point cloud data from images or LiDAR. Visualization and further processing generally require a detailed, yet concise representation of the scene's surfaces. Related work generally either approximates the data with the risk of over‐smoothing, or interpolates the data with excessive detail. Many surfaces in urban scenes can be modeled more concisely by planar approximations. We present a method that combines these polygons into a watertight model. The polygon‐based shape is closed with free‐form meshes based on visibility information. To achieve this, we divide 3‐space into inside and outside volumes by combining a constrained Delaunay tetrahedralization with a graph‐cut. We compare our method with related work on several large urban LiDAR data sets. We construct similar shapes with a third fewer triangles to model the scenes. Additionally, our results are more visually pleasing and closer to a human modeler's description of urban scenes using simple boxes.
From Blickets to Synapses: Inferring Temporal Causal Networks by Observation
Authors: Fernando Chrisantha 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHow do human infants learn the causal dependencies between events? Evidence suggests that this remarkable feat can be achieved by observation of only a handful of examples. Many computational models have been produced to explain how infants perform causal inference without explicit teaching about statistics or the scientific method. Here, we propose a spiking neuronal network implementation that can be entrained to form a dynamical model of the temporal and causal relationships between events that it observes. The network uses spike‐time dependent plasticity, long‐term depression, and heterosynaptic competition rules to implement Rescorla–Wagner‐like learning. Transmission delays between neurons allow the network to learn a forward model of the temporal relationships between events. Within this framework, biologically realistic synaptic plasticity rules account for well‐known behavioral data regarding cognitive causal assumptions such as backwards blocking and screening‐off. These models can then be run as emulators for state inference. Furthermore, this mechanism is capable of copying synaptic connectivity patterns between neuronal networks by observing the spontaneous spike activity from the neuronal circuit that is to be copied, and it thereby provides a powerful method for transmission of circuit functionality between brain regions.
Influenza vaccination rate among patients with moderate to severe psoriasis
Authors: Radtke Marc Alexander , Rustenbach Stephan Jeff , Reusch Michael , Strömer Klaus , Augustin Matthias 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBackgroundPatients with chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis vulgaris represent a risk group for developing serious complications after influenza virus infection. By vaccinating this cohort such complications might be prevented. The objective was to determine the vaccination rate among patients with moderate to severe psoriasis and to explore the surrounding circumstances.Patients and methodsA nationwide, non‐interventional, cross‐sectional study was performed in 1,229 adults with confirmed psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis. The survey consisting of 15 questions about vaccination and vaccination adherence was distributed to patients enrolled in the psoriasis patient registry “PsoBest”.ResultsAbout 28 % of the patients (95 %‐CI 24.0−31.6) were vaccinated. The mean age was 58 years, 40 % were females. The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis was 28 % at baseline and 39 % during the vaccination period. General practitioners vaccinated 50 % of the patients, while dermatologists suggested vaccination in 7 % of the cases. Fifty percent of the patients reported that they had been vaccinated at their own request. 91 % of the patients had been vaccinated at least once over the past ten years, receiving on average 5.9 influenza vaccinations during the decade.ConclusionsThe vaccination rate in the study cohort was relatively low compared to that in the general population. Influenza vaccination had only been suggested by a small percentage of physicians.
New developments in dermatological oncogenetics
Authors: Kunz Manfred 
Published: August 2013

SummaryActivated intracellular signaling pathways based on mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes play an important role in a variety of malignant tumors. In dermatology, such mutations have been identified in melanoma, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. These have partly led to the establishment of new, targeted therapies. Treatment successes have been particularly impressive for melanoma with small molecule inhibitors directed against the mutated BRAF oncogene and in basal cell carcinoma with inhibitors directed against the hedgehog signaling pathway. New sequencing technologies, in particular next generation sequencing, have led to a better and more comprehensive understanding of malignant tumors. This approach confirmed the pathogenic role of BRAF, NRAS and MAP kinase pathways for melanoma. At the same time, a series of further interesting target molecules with oncogenic mutations such as ERBB4, GRIN2A, GRM3, PREX2, RAC1 and TP53 were identified. New aspects have recently been shown for squamous cell carcinoma by detection of mutations in the NOTCH signaling pathway. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of these and other tumors should lead to improved and maybe even individualized treatment. The current developments in dermatological oncogenetics based on the new sequencing technologies are reviewed.
Basic diagnostics in andrology
Authors: Grunewald Sonja , Paasch Uwe 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBasic andrological diagnosis consists of taking the patient's medical history and the couple's history as well as performing a physical examination including genital ultrasound, spermiogram, and hormonal analysis. If needed, a testicular biopsy and genetic testing may also be performed. Recent studies have shown the effect of lifestyle factors on male fertility. Thus, the patient history and clinical/andrological examinations have been broadened to include information on metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes mellitus.The biggest changes occurred with the publication of the fifth edition of the WHO laboratory manual in 2010 and the introduction of a section on semen analysis in the German Medical Association guidelines (RiliBÄK). The reference values for almost all spermiogram parameters were adapted in an evidence‐based approach using worldwide prospective population studies. For central parameters such as sperm motility and morphology, the assessment criteria were changed. New independent markers such as sperm DNA fragmentation rate are now routinely used in clinical diagnosis. For German andrological laboratories, there are now mandatory quality assurance measures for semen analysis (in the German “Rili‐BÄK” guidelines). These include duplicate testing of all standard semen parameters and inter‐laboratory comparison at regular intervals.
Learning and Open Source Software License Choice
Authors: Peng Gang , Mu Jifeng , Di Benedetto C. Anthony 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTLicensing is the defining characteristic of open source software (OSS) and often has tremendous impact on the success of OSS projects. However, OSS licenses are very different from those for proprietary software, and our understanding of the choice of OSS licenses is very limited. In this study, we explore this important decision from a learning perspective. We build collaboration networks and trace paths through which potential learning and knowledge flow across projects using a dataset derived from SourceForge. We identify that both experiential learning and vicarious learning have significant influence on OSS license choice. We provide reasons why experiential learning and vicarious learning affect decision‐making regarding OSS license choice, and explore important contingencies under which the two modes of learning are more effective. We find that leadership roles on prior projects and similarities between projects significantly moderate these two modes of learning, respectively. More importantly, we argue and empirically illustrate that experiential learning is more effective than vicarious learning in influencing OSS license choice. Our research sheds new light on our understanding of license choice for OSS projects and provides practical guidelines for future OSS development.
Impacts of land use at the catchment scale constrain the habitat benefits of stream riparian buffers
Authors: Wahl Colin M. , Neils Allison , Hooper David 
Published: August 2013

SummaryStream conservation and restoration strategies commonly focus on preserving extant riparian forest and restoring riparian habitat. Though these practices are beneficial to stream habitat, they may not suffice to restore stream condition in catchments heavily influenced by intensive land use.To evaluate this hypothesis, we measured invertebrate populations in 12 streams affected by different land‐use types (cultivated, developed, forested and grassland). Within each stream, we compared reaches with and without riparian buffers of remnant mature forest. Within each reach, we calculated the relative abundance of individuals from the insect ordersEphemeroptera,Plecoptera andTrichoptera (%EPT) and assessed specific conductance, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature and substratum composition.Forested catchments had the highest %EPT(average 23.8) followed by grassland (16.1), cultivated (1.96) and developed (0.31). Reaches with forested buffers present were not associated with higher %EPTin forested, cultivated or developed catchments. In grassland catchments, however, %EPTwas about eightfold higher in reaches with forested buffers than those without.High values of %EPTwere associated with large stream substratum and low specific conductance and temperature, which were most common in forested catchments. Developed and cultivated catchments did not follow this pattern, %EPTbeing uniformly low, even where abiotic conditions were similar to forested catchments.These results confirm that intensive urban and cultivated land uses at the catchment scale degrade stream biological communities. They also indicate that patchy forested riparian corridors, as found in many restoration projects, are probably insufficient to mitigate severe, large‐scale biological degradation.