bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and environmental risk assessment of the herbicide glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA in a small vineyard river of the Lake Geneva catchment
Authors: Daouk Silwan , Copin Pierre-Jean , Rossi Luca , Chèvre Nathalie , Pfeifer Hans-Rudolf 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

The use of pesticides may lead to environmental problems, such as surface water pollution, with a risk for aquatic organisms. In the present study, a typical vineyard river of western Switzerland was first monitored to measure discharged loads, identify sources, and assess the dynamic of the herbicide glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). Second, based on river concentrations, an associated environmental risk was calculated using laboratory tests and ecotoxicity data from the literature. Measured concentrations confirmed the mobility of these molecules with elevated peaks during flood events, up to 4970 ng/L. From April 2011 to September 2011, a total load of 7.1 kg was calculated, with 85% coming from vineyards and minor urban sources and 15% from arable crops. Compared with the existing literature, this load represents an important fraction (6–12%) of the estimated amount applied because of the steep vineyard slopes (∼10%). The associated risk of these compounds toward aquatic species was found to be negligible in the present study, as well as for other rivers in Switzerland. A growth stimulation was nevertheless observed for the algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus with low concentrations of glyphosate, which could indicate a risk of perturbation in aquatic ecosystems, such as eutrophication. The combination of field and ecotoxicity data allowed the performance of a realistic risk assessment for glyphosate and AMPA, which should be applied to other pesticide molecules. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2035–2044. © 2013 SETAC
Consistency of 20th century sea level pressure trends as simulated by a coupled and uncoupled GCM
Authors: Colfescu Ioana , Schneider Edwin K. , Chen Hua 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA coupled (ocean‐atmosphere) general circulation model (CGCM) and an uncoupled atmospheric general circulation model forced with the SST and external forcing of the coupled model simulate similar 2 m air temperature (TS) trends and also similar sea level pressure (SLP) trends for the latter half of the 20th century. This suggests that the inability of atmospheric models forced by observed SST and external forcing to reproduce observed SLP trends in the Indian Ocean could be due to model bias rather than lack of coupling. The internally generated TS trend in the CGCM is found to be small in comparison to the externally forced component. Intrinsic atmospheric noise explains most of the CGCM's internally generated high‐latitude SLP trend, while in low latitudes, the response of the SLP trend to the internally generated SST trend is important.
Q‐ING FOR HEALTH—A NEW APPROACH TO ELICITING THE PUBLIC'S VIEWS ON HEALTH CARE RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Authors: Baker Rachel , Wildman John , Mason Helen , Donaldson Cam 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe elicitation of societal views about healthcare priority setting is an important, contemporary research area, and there are a number of studies that apply either qualitative techniques or quantitative preference elicitation methods. However, there are methodological challenges in connecting qualitative information (what perspectives exist about a subject) with quantitative questions (to what extent are those perspectives ‘supported’ in a wider population). In this paper, we present an integrated, mixed‐methods approach to the elicitation of public perspectives in two linked studies applying Q methodology. In the first study, we identify three broad viewpoints on the subject of health priorities. In the second study, using Q‐survey methods, we describe and illustrate methods to investigate the distribution of those views in the wider population. The findings of the second study suggest that no single viewpoint dominates and none of the three views represents a ‘minority perspective’. We demonstrate the potential of Q methodology as a methodological framework that can be used to link qualitative and quantitative questions and suggest some advantages of this over other approaches. However, as this represents the first applied study of this kind, there are methodological questions that require further exploration and development. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of repeated dosing with mirtazapine, trazodone, or placebo on driving performance and cognitive function in healthy volunteers
Authors: Sasada Kazumi , Iwamoto Kunihiro , Kawano Naoko , Kohmura Kunihiro , Yamamoto Maeri , Aleksic Branko , Ebe Kazutoshi , Noda Yukihiro , Ozaki Norio 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated treatments with the sedative antidepressants mirtazapine and trazodone on driving performance and cognitive function.MethodsNineteen healthy men received continuous nocturnal doses of 15‐mg mirtazapine , 25‐mg trazodone, or placebo for 8 days in a double‐blinded, three‐way crossover trial. Subjects were asked to perform three driving tasks (road tracking, car following, and harsh braking) using a driving simulator and cognitive tasks (the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Continuous Performance Test, and N‐back Test) at baseline and on Days 2 and 9. Stanford Sleepiness Scale scores were also assessed.ResultsMirtazapine significantly increased the standard deviation of lateral position in the road‐tracking task as compared with trazodone on Day 2. Mirtazapine significantly increased Stanford Sleepiness Scale scores as compared with trazodone and placebo. For the remaining tasks, no significant effects of treatment were observed.ConclusionsAcute treatment of mirtazapine impaired road‐tracking performance and increased sleepiness, but sedative effects disappeared under repeated administrations. Trazodone did not affect driving performance or cognitive function under acute or repeated administrations. Both initial sedative effects and pharmacological profiles should be taken into consideration when using sedative antidepressants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myoglobin Detection: Utilizing Functional Magnetic Hybrid and Silica Micro Particles and Simple Molding Based Micro Channel Fabrication
Authors: Viswanathan Kaliyaperumal , Haung Shi‐Tin , Chang Chia‐Yu , Chan Ching‐Ju , Lee Y. C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA magnetic separator attached in a zig zag flow channel assembly has been fabricated to detect myoglobin on the micro particles. An anti‐myoglobin conjugated magnetic hybrid and myoglobin conjugated silica micro particles were prepared and used for myoglobin detection on channel. For the detections, the competitive assay principle was followed based on affinity interaction of anti‐myoglobin‐myoglobin. The caliberation curve was plotted based on the deposit percentage of myoglobin conjugated silica micro particles. The calibration curve of the myoglobin showed the linear range between 1 × 10−8 ‐ 5 × 10−11 (M) (R2 = 0.9944). The minimum detectable concentration was 300 pg/mL. Hence all that concludes that, the application of zig zag flow channel with magnetic separator has offered new, simple and rapid approach for detecting myoglobin in whole blood samples with in 30 min.
Fingerprints of Phalaenopsis Tissues in Growth and Spike Induction Periods—A Solid‐state 13C NMR Approach
Authors: Tzou Der‐Lii M. , Ni Lin‐Kai , Chen Mei‐Man , Chiou Min‐Chuan , Chen Li‐Chou , Hsu Shan‐Te , Ku Kuo‐Lung , Cheng Chien‐Chung 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSolid‐state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ss‐NMR) 13C single‐pulse excitation spectroscopy in combination with the magic‐angle spinning (MAS) technique was applied to a series of Phalaenopsis tissues, including the leaf, sheath, stem, and root, at different growth and spiking periods. Compared with{1H}/13C cross‐polarization MAS spectra, the 13C single‐pulse excitation MAS spectra displayed very distinct spectral patterns, recognizable as fingerprints of the tissues studied. 1Here, we demonstrate that solid‐state 13C single‐pulse excitation NMR spectroscopy provides a direct and robust analytical tool for studying the various tissues of Phalaenopsis in different growth and spiking induction periods.
Assembly of Organosilver(I) Frameworks with Trifluoroacetate and Ethynylphenyl Ligands Bearing Isocyano Substitutents
Authors: Hau Sam C. K. , Mak Thomas C. W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA series of seven silver(I) trifluoroacetate complexes containing ethynylphenyl ligands bearing ethynyl and isocyano substituents at variable positions has been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. It is established that the isocyano carbon atom, which bears a formal negative charge, only functions in the monodentate coordination mode in a silver‐rich environment, in contrast to the terminal, negatively‐charged ethynide carbon atom, which is capable of binding several silver(I) centers in directing the construction of two‐ or three‐dimensional organosilver(I) networks, which are consolidated by argentophilic and weak intermolecular interactions in supramolecular assembly. The equivalence of isocyano and cyano groups in their coordination capacity is demonstrated by establishment of isomorphism in two pairs of their respective crystalline complexes.
A comparison of three first principles methods for predicting solute–polymer affinity, and the simultaneous biodegradation of phenol and butyl acetate in a two‐phase partitioning bioreactor
Authors: Poleo Eduardo E. , Daugulis Andrew J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDSolid–liquid two‐phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs) use polymers as the sequestering phase to reduce the concentration of substrates to sub‐inhibitory levels and enhance biodegradation performance. Polymer selection for TPPBs is challenging due to the almost infinite variety of target substrates to be degraded, and the variability and complexity of polymer composition and structure.RESULTSThree different polymer selection criteria, based on either solubility parameters or activity coefficients, were assessed via experimental partitioning coefficients (PCs) for phenol and butyl acetate, two substantially different target contaminant molecules, and the relative ability of the three methods to predict effective polymers was assessed. The best method was also applied to predict which waste polymers would be effective for sequestering these molecules, and TPPB degradation tests were conducted to confirm the effectiveness of a single identified polymer and selected waste polymers.CONCLUSIONAn effective polymer selection criterion was identified and the identified polymer showed a high capacity to absorb both phenol and butyl acetate. Both substrates were successfully degraded in solid–liquid TPPBs using the selected polymer and using mixtures of waste polymers. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrochemical removal of dimethyl phthalate with diamond anodes
Authors: de Souza Fernanda , Sáez Cristina , Cañizares Pablo , de Motheo Artur , Rodrigo Manuel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this work, the electrolysis of dimethyl phthalate (DMP, a widely‐use plasticizer) with conductive‐diamond anodes is studied.RESULTSResults show that this technology is capable of depleting this pollutant in a wide range of initial concentrations. Although mass transfer limits the kinetics of the process, there is a significant contribution of mediated oxidation and the rate of the processes improve with increasing current density, while the efficiency decreases. A first stage in the oxidation of DMP consists of the attack on the methyl ester groups, and monomethyl phthalate and phthalate are the main aromatic intermediates. Further oxidation of these species results in the formation of maleic and oxalic acid, which behave as intermediates and are completely mineralized during the electrolysis. The presence of chloride in water leads to the formation of many more aromatic chlorinated intermediates from the action of hypochlorite on aromatics intermediates. Intermediates found and oxidation mechanisms proposed are consistent with those reported in the literature for other advanced oxidation processes.CONCLUSIONSDMP, TOC (total organic carbon) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) can be successfully removed using electrolysis with conductive‐diamond anodes. DMP removal is faster than that of COD and TOC indicating the formation of reaction intermediates. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Structural analysis of aerosol particles by microscopic observation using a time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometer
Authors: Takami Akinori , Mayama Norihito , Sakamoto Tetsuo , Ohishi Kenji , Irei Satoshi , Yoshino Ayako , Hatakeyama Shiro , Murano Kentaro , Sadanaga Yasuhiro , Bandow Hiroshi , Misawa Kentaro , Fujii Masaaki 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe chemical composition and structure of fine aerosol particles with diameters of less than 1 µm were analyzed in the spring of 2011 at Fukue Island, Japan, using an aerosol quadrupole mass spectrometer (Q‐AMS, Aerodyne Research, Inc.) and a time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF‐SIMS). The Q‐AMS results were similar to those of previous studies conducted at the same location, suggesting that the composition we observed is typical of this site. Based on the TOF‐SIMS results, we classified the fine aerosol particles into three types: Type A, in which sulfate was covered with organic matter (OM); Type B, in which soil‐containing particles with a diameter of 0.5 µm were associated with sulfate and OM; and Type C, in which black carbon (BC) and sulfate aggregates were associated with OM. During the observation period, the relative abundances of Type A, B, and C particles were 55%, 20%, and 25%, respectively. The structure, chemical composition, and the proportion of each type of particles provide information for a more representative particle model in radiative models. The relative abundance of Type C, i.e., BC‐containing particles, is quite different to that in Tokyo, suggesting that Type C could be an indicator of transboundary air pollution, in this case from mainland China.
Applying the method of Coherent Anti‐stokes Raman microscopy for imaging of carotenoids in microalgae and cyanobacteria
Authors: Dementjev Andrej , Kostkevičiene Jolanta 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCoherent anti‐stokes Raman scattering microscopy (CARS) was applied to visualize carotenoids in microalgae and cyanobacteria. Nonlinear light–matter interaction utilized in CARS microscopy inevitably induces a number of competing nonlinear processes, such as multiphoton excitation fluorescence. Microalgae and cyanobacteria being an intrinsically well‐fluorescent object generates a strong two‐photon‐excitation fluorescence (TPEF) signal which should be effectively suppressed during the CARS experiment. Using an energetically balanced duel‐wavelength excitation scheme and spectral purification of detecting signal, the TPEF was completely blocked providing a possibility to probe microalgae and cyanobacteria in a fingerprint region of the CARS spectrum. Microspectroscopy experiments were carried out with three species ‐ cyanobacteriaNostoc Commune,Nostocsp. andChlorellasp. Distinct bands obtained in CARS spectra of such species were assigned to carotenoids and were taken as spectral markers in the imaging experiment. CARS imaging known as a chemical selective and label‐free technique allows non‐invasion monitoring of accumulation and movement of chemical compound at the subcellular level. Obtained high‐resolution images of carotenoid distribution in algae and cyanobacteria clearly demonstrate the potential of CARS microscopy for spatially resolved analysis of the natural products stored in the microalgae and cyanobacteria cell. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep‐related adductor Laryngeal dystonia causing sleep apnea
Authors: Marchese‐Ragona Rosario , Vianello Andrea , Restivo Domenico A. , Pittoni Giovanni , Lionello Marco , Martini Alessandro , Manfredini Daniele , Kotecha Bhik , Staffieri Alberto 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a chronic condition, characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep, which affects up to 5% of adults in the Western population. The muscle tone of the human body ordinarily relaxes during sleep, thus causing airway obstruction and leading to sleep apnea. We report a case of a 68‐years old male in which dystonic closure of the larynx during sleep caused OSAS. The sleep endoscopy was crucial in establishing the diagnosis of laryngeal dystonia. A botulinum toxin injection in the vocal cord improved the OSAS. These findings define a novel sleep‐related breathing disorder.
Deep cervical lymph node hypertrophy: A new paradigm in the understanding of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Parikh Sanjay R. , Sadoughi Babak , Sin Sanghun , Willen Seth , Nandalike Kiran , Arens Raanan 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine if adenotonsillar hypertrophy is an isolated factor in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), or if it is part of larger spectrum of cervical lymphoid hypertrophy.Study DesignProspective case control study.MethodsA total of 70 screened patients (mean age 7.47 years) underwent polysomnography to confirm OSA, and then underwent MRI of the upper airway. Seventy‐six matched controls (mean age 8.00 years) who already had an MRI underwent polysomnography. Volumetric analysis of lymphoid tissue volumes was carried out. Chi‐square analysis and Student's t test were used to compare demographic data and lymph node volumes between cohorts. Fisher's Exact test and Chi‐square analysis were used to compare sleep data.ResultsPatients and controls demonstrated no significant difference in mean age (7.47 vs. 8.00 yrs), weight (44.87 vs. 38.71 kg), height (124.68 vs. 127.65 cm), or body‐mass index (23.63 vs. 20.87 kg/m2). OSA patients demonstrated poorer sleep measures than controls (P < 0.05) in all polysomnography categories (sleep efficiency, apnea index, apnea‐hypopnea index, baseline SpO2, SpO2 nadir, baseline ETCO2, peak ETCO2, and arousal awakening index). Children with OSA had higher lymphoid tissue volumes than controls in the retropharyngeal region (3316 vs. 2403 mm3, P < 0.001), upper jugular region (22202 vs. 16819 mm3, P < 0.005), and adenotonsillar region (18994 vs. 12675 mm3, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsChildren with OSA have larger volumes of deep cervical lymph nodes and adenotonsillar tissue than controls. This finding suggests a new paradigm in the understanding of pediatric OSA, and has ramifications for future research and clinical care.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 123:2043–2049, 2013
The otolaryngology hospitalist
Authors: Russell Matthew S. , Eisele David , Murr Andrew 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo define a new clinical hospitalist practice paradigm originating at the University of California, San Francisco.DesignRetrospective administrative database review at a tertiary referral hospital.Materials and MethodsA consortium model of an otolaryngologist hospitalist practice was developed. Billing records, including Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Disease‐9 (ICD‐9) codes, were reviewed to evaluate the number and type of consultations and surgeries generated during a 2‐year period.ResultsA total of 375 new inpatient consultations generated 951 patient encounters. The most common diagnoses were respiratory failure (12%), sinusitis (10.6%), stridor (10.6%), and dysphonia (7.6%). Twenty‐six percent of consultations involved a procedure or surgical intervention, the most common of which were endoscopic sinus surgery, laryngoscopy, and tracheotomy.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, ours is the first full‐time otolaryngology hospitalist model in the United States. The hospitalist practice is a conceptually viable and clinically beneficial paradigm that should be considered at other similar institutions.Level of EvidenceN/A.
Anatomical reconstructions of pediatric airways from endoscopic images: A pilot study of the accuracy of quantitative endoscopy
Authors: Meisner Eric M. , Hager Gregory D. , Ishman Stacey L. , Brown David , Tunkel David E. , Ishii Masaru 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the accuracy of three‐dimensional (3D) airway reconstructions obtained using quantitative endoscopy (QE). We developed this novel technique to reconstruct precise 3D representations of airway geometries from endoscopic video streams. This method, based on machine vision methodologies, uses a post‐processing step of the standard videos obtained during routine laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy. We hypothesize that this method is precise and will generate assessment of airway size and shape similar to those obtained using computed tomography (CT).Study DesignThis study was approved by the institutional review board (IRB). We analyzed video sequences from pediatric patients receiving rigid bronchoscopy.MethodsWe generated 3D scaled airway models of the subglottis, trachea, and carina using QE. These models were compared to 3D airway models generated from CT. We used the CT data as the gold standard measure of airway size, and used a mixed linear model to estimate the average error in cross‐sectional area and effective diameter for QE.ResultsThe average error in cross sectional area (area sliced perpendicular to the long axis of the airway) was 7.7 mm2 (variance 33.447 mm4). The average error in effective diameter was 0.38775 mm (variance 2.45 mm2), approximately 9% error.ConclusionOur pilot study suggests that QE can be used to generate precise 3D reconstructions of airways. This technique is atraumatic, does not require ionizing radiation, and integrates easily into standard airway assessment protocols. We conjecture that this technology will be useful for staging airway disease and assessing surgical outcomes.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:2880–2887, 2013
Imaging of subcutaneous microcirculation vascular network by double correlation Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Doronin Alexander , Meglinski Igor 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSpatial distribution of superficial blood vessels in human skin in vivo has been observed by using the double correlation Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). To remove background noise, reduce the artifacts associated with patient motions and to increase the overall quality of the experimental OCT images an adaptive Wiener filtering technique has been employed. Fourier domain correlation has been subsequently applied to enhance spatial resolution of images of vascular network in human skin in vivo. Image processing has been performed on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) utilizing Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) framework in the frequency‐domain. This approach allows carrying out image processing in parallel significantly speeding up the computations. The presented results show that the double correlation method permits obtaining 2D/3D OCT images of subcutaneous microcirculation vascular network and its spatial distribution within the human skin with higher spatial resolution compare to the other OCT correlation‐based techniques developed earlier.