bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renewable Polymers Prepared from Vanillin and Its Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Chaoqun , Madbouly Samy A. , Kessler Michael R. 
Published: August 2015

Vanillin and vanillyl alcohol are modified into methacrylated derivatives, which are subsequently polymerized by a free‐radical process. The rheokinetics of the polymerization are investigated to determine the cure behavior and optimize the polymerization conditions for these two monomers. The effects of both structure and functionalities of the vanillin‐based monomers on the thermomechanical properties of the resulting polymers are investigated and discussed. The high cross‐linking density of the polymers from methacrylated vanillyl alcohol results in higher storage modulus and glass transition temperature, as well as better thermal resistance, than seen in polymers from methacrylated vanillin. These properties, combined with methacrylated vanillyl alcohol's low viscosity at room temperature, make it a promising bio‐based reactive diluent for unsaturated polyester resins and vinyl esters.image
Lower bounds for the logarithmic Sobolev constant avoiding uniform lower bounds on the Ricci curvature
Authors: Gonzalez B. J. , Negrin E. R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper we obtain a lower bound for the logarithmic Sobolev constant of the operator on C∞(M) given by LU f = Δ f ‐ (▿U|▿f), where U ϵ C∞(M), M being a finite dimensional compact Riemannian manifold without boundary, in terms of the spectral gap of LU and the lowest eigenvalue of the operator ‐LU + V, where V is a function related to U and the Ricci curvature of M. Under suitable conditions and being U ≡ 0, this result improves a previous one by J.‐D. DEUSCHEL and D.W. STROOCK (J. Funct. Anal. 92 (1990), 30–48).
An invariant trace formula for rank one lattices
Authors: Hoffmann Werner 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe prove a non—adelic invariant trace formula for rank one lattices. Unlike Arthur's adelic invariant trace formula for groups of general rank, our formula applies to non—congruence lattices, too, and the geometric terms are made explicit. The contribution of the continuous spectrum to the trace is given in terms of certain generalized Hecke operators, and the convergence problem with this contribution is resolved.
A Near‐Infrared Photothermal Effect‐Responsive Drug Delivery System Based on Indocyanine Green and Doxorubicin‐Loaded Polymeric Micelles Mediated by Reversible Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Li Hui , Li Junjie , Ke Wendong , Ge Zhishen 
Published: August 2015

Near‐infrared light (NIR) possesses great advantages for light‐responsive controllable drug release, such as deep tissue penetration and low damage to healthy tissues. Herein, a NIR‐responsive drug delivery system is developed based on a NIR dye, indocyanine green (ICG), and anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded thermoresponsive block copolymer micelles, in which the drug release can be controlled via NIR irradiation. First, block copolymers, poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)‐block‐poly(furfuryl methacrylate) (POEGMA‐b‐PFMA), are synthesized by sequential reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization, followed by modification with N‐octyl maleimide through Diels–Alder (DA) reaction to produce POEGMA‐b‐POMFMA. The self‐assembly of POEGMA‐b‐POMFMA by nano­precipitation in aqueous solution affords the polymeric micelles which are used to simultaneously encapsulate ICG and DOX. Upon irradiation by NIR light (805 nm), the loaded DOX is released rapidly from the micelles due to partial retro DA reaction and local temperature increase‐induced faster drug diffusion by the photothermal effect. Cytotoxicity evaluation and intracellular distribution observation demonstrate significant synergistic effects of NIR‐triggered drug release, photothermal, and chemotherapy toward cancer cells under NIR irradiation.
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Elektrisch leitfähige kohlenstofffaserverstärkte Kunststoffe (CFK) mit freiliegender Funktionsschicht
Authors: Böttger‐Hiller F. , Jahn P. , Trautmann M. , Lindner T. , Nickel D. , Lampke T. 
Published: August 2015

Effizienter Leichtbau erfordert intelligente Werkstoffe, die vielseitige Funktionen erfüllen. Ein Lösungsansatz besteht darin, das Eigenschaftsspektrum kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Kunststoffe (CFK) durch das Metallisieren der Faserkomponente zu erweitern. Auf diesem Weg werden Funktionen, wie thermische sowie elektrische Leitfähigkeit, Kontaktierbarkeit, Fügbarkeit und Haftvermittlung im integriert. Beim Verarbeiten der metallisierten Kohlenstofffaserhalbzeuge zu kohlenstofffaserverstärkte Verbunde wird die Funktionalität vom Matrixpolymer bedeckt und ist nicht mehr zugänglich.In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Strategien zur Herstellung von kohlenstofffaserverstärkte Verbunde mit freiliegenden Funktionsschichten systematisch untersucht. Neben der erfolgreichen, selektiven Freilegung ist die Unversehrtheit von Fasern und Funktionsschicht sowie des Gesamtverbundes ein wichtiges Kriterium. Eine Bewertung der Prozesse erfolgt anhand mikrostruktureller Untersuchungen und anschließenden Haftzugversuchen. Anhand von elektrischen Leitfähigkeitsmessungen, Benetzungs‐ und darauf aufbauenden Fügeversuchen, können Zusammenhänge zwischen Oberflächenbearbeitung und Lötbarkeit abgeleitet werden.
Nontarget analysis of Murchison soluble organic matter by high‐field NMR spectroscopy and FTICR mass spectrometry
Authors: Hertkorn N. , Harir M. , Schmitt‐Kopplin Ph. 
Published: August 2015

High‐field NMR spectra of Murchison meteorite methanolic extracts revealed primarily aliphatic extraterrestrial organic matter (EOM) with near statistical branching of commonly C3–5 units separated by heteroatoms and aromatic units. The ratios of CCH, OCH and Csp2H units were 89 : 8 : 3, whereas carbon‐based aliphatic chain termination was in the order methyl > COOH > CH(CH3)COOH. Aliphatic methine carbon was abundant, but its weak NMR signatures were primarily deduced from JRES (J‐resolved) NMR spectra. Carbon NMR spectra were dominated by methylene and methyl carbon; strong apodization revealed methine carbon, of which about 20% was aromatic. Extrapolation provided 5–7% aromatic carbon present in Murchison soluble EOM.Compositional heterogeneity in Murchison methanolic extracts was visible in NMR and Fourier transform ion cyclotron (FTICR) mass spectra obtained from a few cubic millimeters of solid Murchison meteorite; increasing sample size enhanced uniformity of NMR spectra. Intrinsic chemical diversity and pH‐dependent chemical shift variance contributed to the disparity of NMR spectra. FTICR mass spectra provided distinct clustering of CHO/CHOS and CHNO/CHNOS molecular series and confirmed the prevalence of aliphatic/alicyclic (73%) over single aromatic (21%) and polyaromatic (6%) molecular compositions, suggesting extensive aliphatic substitution of aromatic units as proposed by NMR.Murchison soluble EOM molecules feature a center with enhanced aromatic and heteroatom content, which provides rather diffuse and weak NMR signatures resulting from a huge overall chemical diversity. The periphery of Murchison EOM molecules comprises flexible branched aliphatic chains and aliphatic carboxylic acids. These project on narrow ranges of chemical shift, facilitating observation in one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional NMR spectra. The conformational entropy provided by these flexible surface moieties facilitates the solubility of EOM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Respiration artifact correction in three‐dimensional proton resonance frequency MR thermometry using phase navigators
Authors: Svedin Bryant T. , Payne Allison , Parker Dennis L. 
Published: August 2015

PurposeTo develop reliable three‐dimensional (3D) segmented echo planar imaging (seg‐EPI) proton resonance frequency (PRF) temperature monitoring in the presence of respiration‐induced B0 variation.MethodsA free induction decay (FID) phase navigator was inserted into a 3D seg‐EPI sequence before and after EPI readout to monitor B0 field variations. Using the field change estimates, the phase of each k‐space line was adjusted to remove the additional phase from the respiratory induced off‐resonance. This correction technique was evaluated while heating with MR‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) in phantoms with simulated breathing and during nonheating conditions in healthy in vivo breasts.ResultsWith k‐space phase correction, the standard deviation of magnitude images and PRF temperature measurements in breast from five volunteers improved by an average factor of 1.5 and 2.1, respectively. Improved accuracy of temperature estimates was observed after correction while heating with MRgFUS in phantoms.ConclusionPhase correction based on two FID navigators placed before and after the echo train provides promising results for implementing 3D monitoring of thermal therapy treatments in the presence of field variations due to respiration. Magn Reson Med 76:206–213, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational homogenization of elasticity on a staggered grid
Authors: Schneider Matti , Ospald Felix , Kabel Matthias 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn this article, we propose to discretize the problem of linear elastic homogenization by finite differences on a staggered grid and introduce fast and robust solvers. Our method shares some properties with the FFT‐based homogenization technique of Moulinec and Suquet, which has received widespread attention recently because of its robustness and computational speed. These similarities include the use of FFT and the resulting performing solvers. The staggered grid discretization, however, offers three crucial improvements. Firstly, solutions obtained by our method are completely devoid of the spurious oscillations characterizing solutions obtained by Moulinec–Suquet's discretization. Secondly, the iteration numbers of our solvers are bounded independently of the grid size and the contrast. In particular, our solvers converge for three‐dimensional porous structures, which cannot be handled by Moulinec–Suquet's method. Thirdly, the finite difference discretization allows for algorithmic variants with lower memory consumption. More precisely, it is possible to reduce the memory consumption of the Moulinec–Suquet algorithms by 50%. We underline the effectiveness and the applicability of our methods by several numerical experiments of industrial scale. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of chemically deposited Zn(S,O,OH) buffer layer and the effects on the performance of Cu(in,Ga)Se2 solar cell
Authors: Izaki Masanobu , Sugiyama Shinya , Okamoto Tetsuhito , Kusano Yuya , Maki Takeshi , Komaki Hironori , Shibata Hajime , Niki Shigeru 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe effects of the immersion into a NH3 aqueous solution on the structural characteristics of the chemically deposited Zn(S,O,OH) layer and photovoltaic performance of the CIGS/Zn(S,O,OH) solar cells were investigated with structural and electrical characterizations. The as‐deposited‐Zn(S,O,OH) layer possessed a layered structure of upper Zn(OH)2 and Zn(S,O) layers, and the upper Zn(OH)2 layer was removed by the immersion. The conversion efficiency for the CIGS solar cell was improved from 6.8% to 13.7% by removing the upper Zn(OH)2 layer during the immersion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between antidepressant prescription and breast cancer: a population based study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Vincent Chin‐Hung , Liao Yin‐To , Yeh Dah‐Cherng , Tseng Hsien‐Chun , Stewart Robert , Lee Charles Tzu‐Chi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between antidepressant prescription and breast cancer.MethodsThe National Health Research Institute in Taiwan provided a database of 1 000 000 random subjects for this study. We identified 14 737 new antidepressant female users who were more than 15 years old during 1999–2005 with at least 10 prescriptions and one year exposure to an antidepressant. These were matched 1:1 by age and residence to non‐antidepressant users from the same database to compare the risk of breast cancer.ResultsIn a model adjusted by age, residence, insurance amount, and depressive disorder, antidepressant prescription was not associated with breast cancer risk. This held true for both selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants.ConclusionsThere was no evidence for an association between antidepressant prescription and the risk of breast cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can a native rodent species limit the invasive potential of a non‐native rodent species in tropical agroforest habitats?
Authors: Stuart Alexander M , Prescott Colin V , Singleton Grant R 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDLittle is known about native and non‐native rodent species interactions in complex tropical agroecosystems. We hypothesised that the native non‐pest rodentRattus everettimay be competitively dominant over the invasive pest rodentRattus tanezumiwithin agroforests. We tested this experimentally by using pulse removal for three consecutive months to reduce populations ofR. everettiin agroforest habitat, and assessed over 6 months the response ofR. tanezumiand other rodent species.RESULTSFollowing removal,R. everettiindividuals rapidly immigrated into removal sites. At the end of the study period,R. tanezumiwere larger and there was a significant shift in their microhabitat use with respect to the use of ground vegetation cover following the perturbation ofR. everetti. Irrespective of treatment,R. tanezumiselected microhabitat with less tree canopy cover, indicative of severely disturbed habitat, whereasR. everettiselected microhabitat with a dense canopy.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that sustained habitat disturbance in agroforests favoursR. tanezumi, while the regeneration of agroforests towards a more natural state would favour native species and may reduce pest pressure in adjacent crops. In addition, the rapid recolonisation ofR. everettisuggests this species would be able to recover from non‐target impacts of short‐term rodent pest control. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Simulating the fate and transport of nursery‐box‐applied pesticide in rice paddy fields
Authors: Boulange Julien , Thuyet Dang Quoc , Jaikaew Piyanuch , Watanabe Hirozumi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Pesticide Concentration in a Paddy Field model (PCPF‐1) was modified by adding a root zone compartment to simulate nursery‐box‐applied (NB‐applied) pesticide. The PCPF‐NB model was validated for predicting the concentrations of NB‐applied fipronil and imidacloprid in rice paddy fields using two treatment methods: before transplanting (BT) and at sowing (AS). Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate the robustness of the concentrations predicted by the model.RESULTSThe hourly predicted concentrations of imidacloprid and fipronil were accurate in both paddy water and 1 cm deep paddy soil. The coefficient of determination and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency were greater than 0.87 and 0.60 respectively. The 95th percentiles of the predicted concentrations of fipronil and imidacloprid indicated that the influence of input uncertainty was minor in paddy water but important in paddy soil. The pesticide deposition rate and the desorption rate from the root zone were identified to be the major contributors to the variation in the predicted concentrations in paddy water and soil.CONCLUSIONThe PCPF‐NB model was validated for predicting the fate and transport of NB‐applied fipronil and imidacloprid using the BT and AS treatment methods. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Radiative and nonradiative recombination mechanisms in nonpolar and semipolar GaInN/GaN quantum wells
Authors: Langer Torsten , Klisch Manuela , Alexej Ketzer Fedor , Jönen Holger , Bremers Heiko , Rossow Uwe , Meisch Tobias , Scholz Ferdinand , Hangleiter Andreas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVia temperature‐dependent time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, we investigate the radiative and nonradiative recombination processes in thin (quantum well widths of about 1.5 nm) a‐plane, m‐plane, () and () GaInN/GaN fivefold quantum well structures of varying indium content grown on low defect density GaN substrates and GaN templates. At room temperature, we observe surprisingly short radiative lifetimes in the range from 100 ps to 1 ns for these structures, being about one to two orders of magnitude shorter than for similar c‐plane quantum wells. This large difference cannot solely be explained by the larger overlap matrix element in non‐ and semipolar wells. Higher exciton binding energies and lower effective density of states masses may contribute to an enhanced radiative probability. The nonradiative recombination exhibits a thermally activated behavior with activation energies of about 10 meV for () and around 25 meV for nonpolar quantum wells. These values are lower than the quantum well barrier height and the exciton binding energy, but in a similar range as the localization energies estimated from the radiative recombination.
Sentiment analysis and opinion mining: on optimal parameters and performances
Authors: Schuller Björn , Mousa Amr El‐Desoky , Vryniotis Vasileios 
Published: August 2015

Sentiment analysis is the task of identifying the polarity and subjectivity of documents using a combination of machine learning, information retrieval, and natural language processing techniques. The problem is studied within the scope of statistical machine learning. Different feature selection methods, dimensionality reduction algorithms and classification techniques are investigated and compared. The main focus of this work is on finding the factors that affect the accuracy of learnt models. Extensive statistical analysis is performed to identify the best algorithmic configurations. Moreover, a novel approach is introduced based on long short‐term memory recurrent neural network language models that do not require any special preprocessing or feature selection. Finally, benchmark results are presented on seven well‐known datasets from different domains. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:255–263. doi: 10.1002/widm.1159This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Sentiment–topic modeling in text mining
Authors: Lin Chenghua , Ibeke Ebuka , Wyner Adam , Guerin Frank 
Published: August 2015

In recent years, there has been a rapid growth of research interest in natural language processing that seeks to better understand sentiment or opinion expressed in text. There are several notable issues in most previous work in sentiment analysis, among them: the trained classifiers are domain‐dependent; the labeled corpora required for training can be difficult to acquire from real‐world text; and dependencies between sentiments and topics are not taken into consideration. In response to these limitations, a new family of probabilistic topic models, namely joint sentiment–topic models, have been developed, which are capable of detecting sentiment in connection with topic from text without using any labeled data for training. In addition, the sentiment‐bearing topics extracted by the joint sentiment–topic models provide means for automatically discovering and summarizing opinions from a vast amount of user‐generated data. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:246–254. doi: 10.1002/widm.1161This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Technologies > Machine Learning
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
MAP Kinase Cascades in Antigen Receptor Signaling and Physiology
Authors: Yasuda Tomoharu 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play roles in a cell type and context-dependent manner to convert extracellular stimuli to a variety of cellular responses, thereby directing cells to proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, and migration. Studies of genetically engineered mice or chemical inhibitors specific to each MAPK signaling pathway revealed that MAPKs have various, but non-redundant physiologically important roles among different families. MAPK cascades are obviously integrated in the B cell receptor signaling pathways as critical components to drive B cell-mediated immunity.
Enhanced production of (R,R)-2,3-butanediol by metabolically engineered Klebsiella oxytoca
Authors: Park Jong Myoung , Rathnasingh Chelladurai , Song Hyohak 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Microbial fermentation produces a racemic mixture of 2,3-butanediol ((R,R)-BD, (S,S)-BD, and meso-BD), and the compositions and physiochemical properties vary from microorganism to microorganism. Although the meso form is much more difficult to transport and store because of its higher freezing point than those of the optically active forms, most microorganisms capable of producing 2,3-BD mainly yield meso-2,3-BD. Thus, we developed a metabolically engineered (R,R)-2,3-BD overproducing strain using a Klebsiella oxytoca ΔldhA ΔpflB strain, which shows an outstanding 2,3-BD production performance with more than 90 % of the meso form. A budC gene encoding 2,3-BD dehydrogenase in the K. oxytoca ΔldhA ΔpflB strain was replaced with an exogenous gene encoding (R,R)-2,3-BD dehydrogenase from Paenibacillus polymyxa (K. oxytoca ΔldhA ΔpflB ΔbudC::PBDH strain), and then its expression level was further amplified with using a pBBR1MCS plasmid. The fed-batch fermentation of the K. oxytoca ΔldhA ΔpflB ΔbudC::PBDH (pBBR-PBDH) strain with intermittent glucose feeding allowed the production of 106.7 g/L of (R,R)-2,3-BD [meso-2,3-BD, 9.3 g/L], with a yield of 0.40 g/g and a productivity of 3.1 g/L/h, which should be useful for the industrial application of 2,3-BD.
Homogeneous Tubular‐Flow Process for Monoolein Preparation
Authors: Herskowitz Moti , Landau Miron V. , Koukouliev Slava , Zarchin Ruby , Nehemya Roxana Vidruk , Wee Lik H. , Martens Johan A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEsterification of fatty acids with glycerol is characterized by negligible solubility of the two liquid phases. The reactions to mono‐, di‐ and triglycerides taking place in the fatty acid phase, are limited by chemical equilibrium. The scope of this study is to investigate in a tubular reactor the conversion of a homogeneous mixture of oleic acid and glycerol in tert‐butanol. The liquid composition in this study was 1 mol of oleic acid, 6 mol of glycerol and 14 mol of tert‐butanol. Experiments were conducted in a tubular reactor at 35 atm over a temperature range of 200–240 °C and residence times of 0.7–17.6 h to determine the kinetics and the chemical equilibrium. The selectivity to monoolein was >95 mol %. A reversible second order reaction fits the data well.