bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimate Partner Violence: Relationships Between Alexithymia, Depression, Attachment Styles, and Coping Strategies of Battered Women
Authors: Craparo Giuseppe , Gori Alessio , Petruccelli Irene , Cannella Vincenza , Simonelli Chiara 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Introduction
One of the most common forms of violence against women is the intimate partner violence (IPV). This term includes physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and controlling behaviors by an intimate partner.

Aim
This exploratory study investigates the relationship between alexithymia, adult attachment styles, depression, and coping strategies in a group of female victims of IPV and a control group.

Methods
Participants were 80 female victims of IPV with an age range from 18 years to 54 years (mean 31.62; standard deviation 9.81). The control group included 80 women with no history of IPV with an age range from 19 years to 37 years (mean 25.05; standard deviation 3.67).

Main Outcome Measures
We administered the following self-report questionnaires: (i) 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20); (ii) Coping Orientation Problems Experienced; (iii) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II; and (iv) Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ).

Results
Compared with control group, the IPV group showed higher mean scores on TAS-20 (52.9 vs. 41.1, P &lt; 0.001) and BDI-II (19.50 vs. 9.95, P &lt; 0.001). In both groups, we found significant correlations between BDI-II and TAS-20 total scores (P &lt; 0.001) and between BDI-II and the following dimensions of ASQ: confidence (P &lt; 0.001), discomfort with closeness (P = 0.002), relationships as secondary (P &lt; 0.001), need for approval (P &lt; 0.001), and preoccupation with relationships (P &lt; 0.001). Differently from the control group, in the IPV group, social support correlated significantly and positively (P &lt; 0.001) with the dimension preoccupation with relationships on ASQ, but not with the secure attachment style.

Conclusions
In comparison to the control group, alexithymia, depressive symptoms, and an insecure attachment style were negatively correlated with the ability to cope with stress for women in the IPV group.
Critical Factors in the Oral Control Needed for Chewing and Swallowing
Authors: Logemann Jerilyn A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNormal oropharyngeal swallowing is a complex set of neuromotor behaviors containing three phases: (1) oral preparation to break food down to a swallowable consistency; (2) oral phase, which propels food from the mouth; (3) pharyngeal phase creates pressure to push food into the esophagus, and includes valve functions, which prevent food from entering the nose or airway and allow food into the esophagus. Systematic changes in normal oropharyngeal swallow are based on volume, viscosity, temperature and food textures/taste of the food swallowed as well as age. Patients with oropharyngeal swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) react differently to these systematic variables in food characteristics. This review manuscript presents the results of a series of studies that examine the role of each of the stages of the oropharyngeal swallow. The importance of the definition of food viscosity in the care of dysphagic patients and the role of food production companies in this effort are emphasized.Practical ApplicationsThe body of research work that we are summarizing and reviewing here is designed to provide a baseline regarding normal oropharyngeal swallow function in adults against which abnormalities in swallow can be compared. Understanding swallow disorders in the oral and pharyngeal stages of oropharyngeal deglutition enables food scientists to develop food textures, which are most successfully swallowable by specific types of dysphagic patients. All of the studies reviewed here have been approved by the Northwestern University Institutional Review Board.
Infected hematopoietic stem cells and with integrated HBV DNA generate defective T cells in chronic HBV infection patients
Authors: Shi Y. , Lan Y. , Cao F. , Teng Y. , Li L. , Wang F. , Li J. , Zhou J. , Li Y. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryA weak T‐cell response plays a key role in the persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We aimed to confirm that T‐cell defects in patients with chronic HBV infection are associated with HBV DNA infection of bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we observed the transcription of HBsAg coding genes and confirmed the integration of HBV DNA in CD34+ BM HSCs from chronic HBV infection patients. T cells were generated by coculturing the HSCs with delta‐like ligand 1‐expressing OP9 (OP9‐DL1) cells. The phenotypes of the T cells were then evaluated by flow cytometric (FACS) analysis on days 14 and 25. The results demonstrated that fewer CD3+TCRaβ+ CD3+CD4+ and CD4+CD8+ T cells were generated from the HSCs of the patients than from the healthy controls, (P < 0.01) but the frequency of CD3+D8+ T cells was not significantly different between the two group (P > 0.05). In contrast, CD4+CD25+ T cells were more in the patient group than in healthy controls (P < 0.01) on both days 14 and 25. There were fewer CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ cells in the patient group than in the healthy control group on day 25 (P < 0.05). Less proliferation and lower levels of IL‐2 and IFN‐ γ were also observed in the patient group compared with the control group (P < 0.05).These data suggest that HBV DNA infected and integrated into the BM HSCs from patients with chronic HBV infection and that these BM HSCs generated defective T cells.
Albumin infusion improves renal blood flow autoregulation in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis and acute kidney injury
Authors: Garcia‐Martinez Rita , Noiret Lorette , Sen Sambit , Mookerjee Rajeshwar , Jalan Rajiv 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsIn cirrhotic patients with renal failure, renal blood flow autoregulation curve is shifted to the right, which is consequent upon sympathetic nervous system activation and endothelial dysfunction. Albumin infusion improves renal function in cirrhosis by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. We aimed to determine the effect of albumin infusion on systemic haemodynamics, renal blood flow, renal function and endothelial function in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis and acute kidney injury.MethodsTwelve patients with refractory ascites and 10 patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis and acute kidney injury were studied. Both groups were treated with intravenous albumin infusion, 40–60 g/days over 3–4 days. Cardiac and renal haemodynamics were measured. Endothelial activation/dysfunction was assessed using von Willebrand factor and serum nitrite levels. F2α Isoprostanes, resting neutrophil burst and noradrenaline levels were quantified as markers of oxidative stress, endotoxemia and sympathetic activation respectively.ResultsAlbumin infusion leads to a shift in the renal blood flow autoregulation curve towards normalization, which resulted in a significant increase in renal blood flow. Accordingly, improvement of renal function was observed. In parallel, a significant decrease in sympathetic activation, inflammation/oxidative stress and endothelial activation/dysfunction was documented. Improvement of renal blood flow correlated with improvement in endothelial activation (r = 0.741, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe data suggest that albumin infusion improves renal function in acutely decompensated cirrhotic patients with acute kidney injury by impacting on renal blood flow autoregulation. This is possibly achieved through endothelial stabilization and a reduction in the sympathetic tone, endotoxemia and oxidative stress.
The risk of perioperative adverse events in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Kim Tae Hyung , Um Soon Ho , Yim Sun Young , Seo Yeon Seok , Yim Hyung Joon , Jeen Yoon Tae , Lee Hong Sik , Chun Hoon Jae , Kim Chang Duck , Ahn Hyonggin , Lee Yeji 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsChronic liver disease is a common comorbidity in surgery. To assess post‐operative morbidity and mortality in relation to progression of chronic liver disease and to identify the risk factors.MethodsSix hundred and nine consecutive patients with chronic liver disease who underwent surgery were classified into two groups: non‐cirrhotic (n = 363) and cirrhotic (n = 246). Randomly selected patients without underlying liver disease who underwent surgery were used as control group (n = 148).ResultsThe occurrence of major post‐operative complications was higher in the non‐cirrhotic group than in the control group (11.8% vs. 6.1%, P = 0.051); age, type of surgery and serum albumin level were independent predictors for post‐operative morbidity. The frequency of significant post‐operative liver damage (14.9% vs. 12.2%, P = 0.920) and mortality (0.6% vs. 0.7%, P = 0.871) did not differ between the two groups. The cirrhotic group had markedly higher incidences of post‐operative mortality (10.2%), major complications (32.5%) and significant liver damage (43.1%) than the control and non‐cirrhotic groups (all P < 0.001). Type of surgery, Child–Pugh score and model for end‐stage liver disease score were independently associated with post‐operative morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Specific data regarding post‐operative morbidity and mortality were presented according to progression of liver disease and type of surgery.ConclusionNon‐cirrhotic chronic liver diseases were associated with higher risk of post‐operative morbidity, particularly in cases of major surgery, older age and hypoalbuminaemia. Cirrhosis further increased the risk, even death, depending on degree of hepatic decompensation and type of surgery.
One image, multiple nationalisms:Face to Faceand theSiege atKanehsatà:ke
Authors: Wilkes Rima , Kehl Michael 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIconic news photographs, particularly those taken during wars and national crises, provide visual synopses of important historical events – events about which stories of triumph and tragedy are superimposed. In this paper, we systematically trace the appearances and discussions of a single, iconic image, given the monikerFace to Face, over time. In the twenty plus years since its initial publication, media discourses around the image referenced Kanien'kehaka /Mohawk, Indigenous,Quebecois andCanadian nationalisms. We conclude that discourses surrounding war and conflict imagery can be read as reflecting plural nationalisms and that while a dominant meaning can be projected onto such imagery, this is neither singular nor fixed.
Effectiveness of supine/standing urinalysis for differential diagnosis of left renal vein entrapment syndrome combined with or without glomerulopathy
Authors: Jin Meiling , Hu Panpan , Ding Rui , Chen Pu , Qiu Qiang , Wu Jie , Liu Shuwen , Xie Yuansheng , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of supine/standing urinalysis for differential diagnosis of left renal vein entrapment syndrome (LRVES) combined with or without glomerulopathy.MethodsThe enrolled patients with abnormal urinalysis and LRVES demonstrated by Doppler sonography were guided to perform a supine/standing urinalysis.ResultsFifty‐two patients were enrolled. Most of them were adolescents (aged 14–29 years, 73.1%) and with low body mass index (BMI, mean BMI, 19.8 ± 2.4 kg/m2). Seventeen cases (32.7%) manifested orthostatic urine abnormalities (OUA, proteinuria and/or haematuria show negative in supine while positive after 15 min standing), two patients who had undergone renal biopsies both showed no evidence of kidney lesions, another two patients were changed from abnormal to normal urinalysis after weight gain. The remaining 35 cases (67.3%) manifested non‐orthostatic urine abnormalities (NOUA, proteinuria and/or haematuria show positive both in supine and standing), 15 patients had undergone renal biopsies and showed different degrees of glomerulopathy. After prednisone/immunosuppression therapy, four patients with glomerulonephritis were changed from the NOUA to the OUA classification. Statistics analyses showed that serum total protein and albumin levels were significantly lower (P = 0.028, 0.007, respectively) and urinary protein was significantly higher (P = 0.007) in the NOUA group than in the OUA group.ConclusionAfter the indication of LRVES by ultrasound, patients with OUA likely have only LRVES, while patients with NOUA likely also have glomerulopathy. Supine/standing urinalysis combined with Doppler sonography can be helpful for differential diagnosis of LRVES combined with or without glomerulopathy.
Factor‐associated caregiver burden in medically complex patients with special health‐care needs
Authors: Yotani Nobuyuki , Ishiguro Akira , Sakai Hirokazu , Ohfuji Satoko , Fukushima Wakaba , Hirota Yoshio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundMany medically complex patients with special health‐care needs (PSHCN) receive home‐based medical support, placing a major burden on their caregivers. We characterized the caregiving factors involved in PSHCN and their relationship with caregiver burden.MethodsThe PSHCN and their families were recruited from children's hospitals and rehabilitation centers. A medical information handbook was distributed to the families on enrollment, followed by a self‐report questionnaire 1 year later. Data on the type of caregiving involved, family circumstances, and caregiver burden were collected. The Zarit caregiver burden scale (ZS) was used to evaluate caregiver burden. Logistic regression (proportional odds model) was used to determine associations between each variable and caregiver burden in each of two PSHCN age groups: <15 years old (younger group) and ≥15 years (older group).ResultsSixty‐eight PSHCN and their families were included in the analysis. The mean age of the PSHCN was 15.4 ± 11.8 years. On multivariate analysis there was a significant positive correlation between ZS score and older siblings (odds ratio [OR], 3.65), but no significant correlation between caregiver burden and type of care involved in the younger group. In the older group, a positive correlation was observed between caregiver burden and home mechanical ventilation with tracheostomy (OR, 15.16), but a negative correlation with younger siblings (OR, 0.04).ConclusionsFamily circumstances play a bigger role than type of care required in increasing caregiver burden in families of PSHCN aged less than 15 years.
Chromosome‐specific physical localisation of expressed sequence tag loci in Corchorus olitorius L.
Authors: Joshi A. , Das S. K. , Samanta P. , Paria P. , Sen S. K. , Basu A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractJute (Corchorus spp.), as a natural fibre‐producing species, ranks next only to cotton. Inadequate understanding of its genetic architecture is a major lacuna for genetic improvement of this crop in terms of yield and quality. Establishment of a physical map provides a genomic tool that helps in positional cloning of valuable genes. In this report, an attempt was initiated to study association and localisation of single copy expressed sequence tag (EST) loci in the genome of Corchorus olitorius. The chromosome‐specific association of EST was determined based on the appearance of an extra signal for a single copy cDNA probe in mitotic interphase nuclei of specific trisomic(s) for fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and validated using a cDNA fragment of the 26S rRNA gene (600 bp) as molecular probe. The probe exhibited three signals in meiotic interphase nuclei of trisomic 5, instead of two as observed in diploids and other trisomics, indicating its association with chromosome 5. Subsequent hybridisation of the same probe on the pachytene chromosomes of diploids confirmed that 26S rRNA occupies the terminal end of the short arm of chromosome 5 in C. olitorius. Subsequently, chromosome‐specific association of 63 single copy EST and their physical localisation were determined on chromosomes 2, 4, 5 and 7. The study describes chromosome‐specific physical localisation of genes in jute. The approach used here could be a step towards construction of genome‐wide physical maps for any recalcitrant plant species like jute.
Oral ribavirin therapy for respiratory syncytial virus infections in moderately to severely immunocompromised patients
Authors: Marcelin J.R. , Wilson J.W. , Razonable R.R. ,   The Mayo Clinic Hematology/Oncology and Transplant Infectious Diseases Services
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections may be fatal in immunocompromised patients. Aerosolized ribavirin is used for treatment, but it is very costly, teratogenic, and inconvenient. We aimed to assess the outcome of oral ribavirin treatment, with or without intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), for RSV infections in moderately to severely immunocompromised patients.MethodsMedical records of RSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐positive patients during 2011–2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Eligible patients were moderately to severely immunocompromised and received oral ribavirin (600–800 mg twice daily) with or without IVIG (500 mg/kg q 48 h) as per protocol.ResultsOf 96 adults with PCR‐proven RSV infection, 34 were moderately to severely immunocompromised and received oral ribavirin treatment. The mean age was 56.2 years (range: 18–90); 21 were male. Underlying conditions were hematologic malignancy with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplant (n = 25), lung transplant (n = 3), or receipt of cytotoxic chemotherapy (n = 11). The presenting symptoms were cough (94%), fever (62%), and dyspnea (59%). The most common radiographic findings were patchy and nodular infiltrates and opacities. Of 34 patients, 31 were hospitalized, with 13 admitted to the intensive care unit and 6 required mechanical ventilation. The median absolute lymphocyte count on presentation was 480 cells/mm3. RSV pneumonia developed in 24 patients. The median initial duration of oral ribavirin treatment was 10 days (range: 4–11); 4 patients were re‐treated. Of 34 patients, 19 received a mean of 2.7 doses of IVIG. Two patients had adverse reactions to ribavirin (hemolytic anemia and lactic acidosis in 1 patient, and altered mental status in another). No patient died from RSV infection. Three patients died from complications of their underlying illness; all others recovered clinically.ConclusionsOral ribavirin with or without IVIG is a well‐tolerated treatment for RSV infection in moderately to severely immunocompromised hosts. Comparative prospective studies should ideally be performed to determine if oral ribavirin is the optimal therapy for RSV infection in this patient population.
Epitope detection chromatography: a method to dissect the structural heterogeneity and inter‐connections of plant cell‐wall matrix glycans
Authors: Cornuault Valérie , Manfield Iain W. , Ralet Marie‐Christine , Knox J. Paul 
Published: March 2014

SummaryPlant cell walls are complex, multi‐macromolecular assemblies of glycans and other molecules and their compositions and molecular architectures vary extensively. Even though the chemistry of cell‐wall glycans is now well understood, it remains a challenge to understand the diversity of glycan configurations and interactions in muro, and how these relate to changes in the biological and mechanical properties of cell walls. Here we describe in detail a method called epitope detection chromatography analysis of cell‐wall matrix glycan sub‐populations and inter‐connections. The method combines chromatographic separations with use of glycan‐directed monoclonal antibodies as detection tools. The high discrimination capacity and high sensitivity for the detection of glycan structural features (epitopes) provided by use of established monoclonal antibodies allows the study of oligosaccharide motifs on sets of cell‐wall glycans in small amounts of plant materials such as a single organ of Arabidopsis thaliana without the need for extensive purification procedures. We describe the use of epitope detection chromatography to assess the heterogeneity of xyloglucan and pectic rhamnogalacturonan I sub‐populations and their modulation in A. thaliana organs.
Weed–pathogen interactions and elevated CO2: growth changes in favour of the biological control agent
Authors: Shabbir A , Dhileepan K , Khan N , Adkins S W 
Published: March 2014

SummaryIn this study, we used Parthenium hysterophorus and one of its biological control agents, the winter rust (Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola) as a model system to investigate how the weed may respond to infection under a climate change scenario involving an elevated atmospheric CO2 (550 μmol mol−1) concentration. Under such a scenario, P. hysterophorus plants grew significantly taller (52%) and produced more biomass (55%) than under the ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration (380 μmol mol−1). Following winter rust infection, biomass production was reduced by 17% under the ambient and by 30% under the elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. The production of branches and leaf area was significantly increased by 62% and 120%, under the elevated as compared with ambient CO2 concentration, but unaffected by rust infection under either condition. The photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) of P. hysterophorus plants were increased by 94% and 400%, under the elevated as compared with the ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration. However, in the rust‐infected plants, the photosynthesis and WUE decreased by 18% and 28%, respectively, under the elevated CO2 and were unaffected by the ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration. The results suggest that although P. hysterophorus will benefit from a future climate involving an elevation of the atmospheric CO2 concentration, it is also likely that the winter rust will perform more effectively as a biological control agent under these same conditions.
Isolation of a Campylobacter lanienae‐like Bacterium from Laboratory Chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger)
Authors: Turowski E. E. , Shen Z. , Ducore R. M. , Parry N. M. A. , Kirega A. , Dewhirst F. E. , Fox J. G. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryRoutine necropsies of 27 asymptomatic juvenile chinchillas revealed a high prevalence of gastric ulcers with microscopic lymphoplasmacytic gastroenteritis and typhlocolitis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using Campylobacter genus‐specific partial 16S rRNA primers revealed the presence of Campylobacter spp. DNA in the faeces of 12 of 27 animals (44.4%). Species‐specific partial 16S rRNA PCR and sequencing confirmed that these animals were colonized with Campylobacter lanienae, a gram‐negative, microaerophilic bacterium that was first identified on routine faecal screening of slaughterhouse employees and subsequently isolated from faeces of livestock. Campylobacter lanienae was isolated from the faeces of six PCR‐positive animals and identified with species‐specific PCR and full 16S rRNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates clustered with C. lanienae strain NCTC 13004. PCR analysis of DNA extracted from gastrointestinal tissues revealed the presence of C. lanienae DNA in the caecum and colon of these chinchillas. Gastrointestinal lesions were scored and compared between C. lanienae‐positive and C. lanienae‐negative animals. There was no correlation between colonization status and lesion severity in the stomach, liver, duodenum, or colon. Possible routes of C. lanienae infection in chinchillas could include waterborne transmission and faecal–oral transmission from wild mice and rats or livestock. Based on these findings, the authors conclude that C. lanienae colonizes the lower bowel of chinchillas in the absence of clinical disease. This is the first report of C. lanienae in any rodent species. Campylobacter lanienae isolates from different mammalian species demonstrate heterogeneity by 16S rRNA sequence comparison. Analysis using rpoB suggests that isolates and clones currently identified as C. lanienae may represent multiple species or subspecies.