bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen von aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen sowie von N- und S-Heteroanalogen mit Hilfe der Elektronen- anlagerungsmassenspektrometrie / Investigations into Aromatic Hydrocarbons and N and S Heterocompounds thereof by Means of Electron Attachment Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Albers G. , Knof H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Investigations into Aromatic Hydrocarbons and N and S Heterocompounds thereof by Means of Electron Attachment Mass Spectrometry Aromatic compounds as well as their nitrogen and sulphur heterocompounds with molecular weight M>100 are investigated using negative ions from electron attachment mass spectrometry. Mass spectra of aromatic compounds produce molecular peaks as basepeaks predominantly. In general, the type of the basepeak of heterocompounds and its detection sensitivity depends more on the chemical structure of the compound than on the type of the heteroatom. The relative detection sensitivity of the molecular peak in dependence of an amount of sample is a linear function on a log-log scale. Addition of argon extends this linear dependence towards larger sample amounts. For quantitative analysis, however, the measurements must be performed at a fixed ion source pressure.
Differential Equations and Boundary Conditions for Higher Gas Kinetic Moments. Heat Transfer Between Parallel Plates
Authors: Vestner H. , Waldmann L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Transport-relaxation equations for seventeen moments are derived from the linearized Boltzmann equation for a monatomic gas. Besides the well-known thirteen moments (i. e. density n, tempera­ture T, velocity ν, heat flux q, friction pressure tensor

), one additional scalar A and one ad­ditional vector A are taken into account. In steady state, differential equations for T, v. A and constitutive laws for q,

, A follow from the transport-relaxation equations. Boundary conditions for T, v, A are obtained by the thermodynamical method from the interfacial entropy production. The role of the higher moments A and A for heat transfer in a gas between parallel plates is dis­cussed. The heat flux has the correct low pressure limit. Due to the presence of A and A, expo­nential terms occur in the temperature profile near the boundary.
The One-dimensional Coulomb-force Problem in Classical Radiation Reaction Theories
Authors: Heudorfer W. , Sorg M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Numerical solutions of the recently proposed equations of motion for the classically radiating electron are obtained for the case where the particle moves in a one-dimensional Coulomb potential (both attractive and repulsive). The solutions are discussed and found to be meaningful also in that case, where the well-known Lorentz-Dirac equation fails (attractive Coulomb force). Discrete, stationary states are found in a non-singular version of the Coulomb potential. During the transition between those stationary states the particle looses energy by emission of radiation, which results in a smaller amplitude of the stationary oscillations.
The Ionization and Expansion of a Globule of Interstellar Gas overun by a Weak R Type Ionization Front
Authors: Berry J. S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The flow of the ionized gas behind a contracting ionization front is investigated for spherical symmetry. A similarity solution is given when the initial density distribution in the neutral hydrogen is ω0/rα- where r is the distance from the centre of contraction.
Wave Vector Dependent Light Scattering Intensities by Polar Modes in GaAs
Authors: Nippus M. , Claus R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Light scattering intensities by the polaritons of F2-type in GaAs have been experimentally studied. The spectra were excited by an YAG: Nd3+ laser in the infrared. When using the scattering intensities derived from the polar TO- and LO-phonons as input data for calculations, the k-dependent intensities in the polariton region could be verified within less than a few percent. The intensity variation for larger wave vectors was more precisely to be determined and verified than the frequency shifts.
Magnetic Susceptibility and Structure of Some Transition Metal (II) Complexes with 1,2,4-Triazole
Authors: Engelfriet D. W. , Haasnoot J. G. , Groeneveld W. L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The magnetic susceptibilities of some transition metal (II) complexes with 1,2,4-triazole (trz) have been measured in the range 2-300 K. Ni (trz)2 (NO3)2 (H2O) 8/3, Ni (trz)2 SO4 (H2O)5 and α-Ni (trz)2 (NCS)2 are found to be linear antiferromagnetic trimers. For β- Ni (trz)2 (NCS)2 and similar compounds with Mn (II), Fe (II), Co (II) and Cu(II), totally different magnetic properties were observed, suggesting the presence of two-dimensional networks of metal ions bridged by 1,2,4-triazole molecules. For Co (trz) 2 (NCS) 2 this was confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction.
Specific Heat of the Ferroelectric AgNa(NO2)2
Authors: Helwig J. , Petersson J. , Schneider E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The specific heat of a AgNa(NO2)2 single crystal was measured between -90 and +55 °C. The entropy of the ferroelectric transition was found to be 9.9 J/mol·K and the critical exponent of the specific heat in the ferroelectric region is α'= 0.50 ±0.02.
Einfluß von Oberflächenfallen auf das Abklingverhalten der verzögerten Fluoreszenz des reinen Anthracens
Authors: Schmillen A. , Wolff H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The excitation in a thin surface layer of a pure anthracene crystal (λex = 366 nm) leads to a decay which is in desagreement with the theory of delayed fluorescence. We interpret this decay as a manifold exponential decay due to traps on the crystal surface.
Electrodynamics of Moving Media
Authors: Horibata Yasuyoshi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
On the basis of the Minkowski formulation, the total energy-momentum tensor of a system consisting of matter and electromagnetic fields is derived from the macroscopic theory. The analysis of this tensor shows that the electromagnetic fields supply the matter with momentum and energy. Consequently, the electromagnetic part and the material part overlap each other in the total energy-momentum tensor. Hence it is impossible to divide the total energy-momentum tensor into an electromagnetic tensor and a material tensor.
In a closed system, in general, only the total energy-momentum tensor has physical significance and can be defined.
Further, the generalized force which acts on the matter is obtained and interpreted clearly.
Quantenchemische und spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Porphyrinen V. Das Xanthoporphinogen / Quantum Chemical and Spectroscopical Studies on Porphyrins V. The Xanthoporphinogen
Authors: Knop J. Y. , Knop A. , Stichtenoth H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In order to interprete the electronic spectrum of xanthoporphinogene CNDO/S-calculations were carried out under consideration of 1360 single excited configurations.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Heterocycles. Dipyridylethylenes
Authors: Novak I. , Klasinc L. , Knop J. V. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The photoelectron (PE) spectra of 1,2-di-(2-pyridyl)-ethylene 1, 1-(2-pyridyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)- ethylene 2, 1-(2-pyridyl) -2- (4-pyridyl) -ethylene 3 and 1,2-di-(4-pyridyl)-ethylene 4 all in their trans conformation have been measured using He I radiation. For 1 - 4 standard SCF LCAO MO calculations were performed changing the angle of twist ϑ of the pyridine rings around their bonds to ethylene conrotatively from 0° to 60°. Comparison of PE spectra and these calculations allowed the assignment of all π-ionizations and indirectly also the nitrogen lone pair ionizations in 1 - 4 but not a determination of their conformation in the gas phase. There is only indication that ϑ in these molecules is rather small (ϑ<30°).
Nuclear Magnetic Shielding and Quadrupole Coupling of 133Cs in Cesium Salt Powders
Authors: Haase A. R. , Kerber M. A. , Kessler D. , Kronenbitter J. , Krüger H. , Lutz O. , Müller M. , Nolle A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
NMR signals of 133Cs have been measured in CsI, CsBr, CsCl, Cs2CO3, Cs2SO4, CsNO3 and Cs2CrO4 powders relative to a 0.5 molal aqueous solution of CsCl. Combining these results with the shielding constant of the solution, which has been determined in former measurements, the nuclear magnetic shielding of 133Cs in the crystalline powders can be given in an atomic reference scale. The theoretical values of the shielding constant of 133Cs in CsCl, CsBr and Csl agree only in the order of magnitude with the experimental ones. For 133Cs in Cs2SO4 a first-order quadrupole pattern has been observed.
The Electric Conductivity of the Molten Salt Systems HgI2-BiI3 and BiI3-CdI2
Authors: Mentus S. V. , Šušić M. V. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The specific electric conductivity of the molten solt systems HgI2-BiI3 and BiI3-CdI2 was studied in the temperature range 660 -840 K. BiI3 exhibits a negative temperature coefficient of the conductivity within part of this temperature range and HgI2 within the entire range. The specific conductivity of the HgI2-BiI3 system shows negative deviations from additivity for the HgI2-rich mixtures and positive ones for the BiI3-rich mixtures. In the BiI3-CdI2 system positive deviations are encountered throughout the whole composition and temperature range investigated. An in­ crease in temperature improves the additivity in both systems.
Räumliches und zeitliches Auflösungsvermögen kohärenter und inkohärenter Lichtquellen / Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Coherent and Incoherent Light Sources
Authors: Häusler E. , Warken D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Coherent and Incoherent Light Sources The spatial resolution of optical methods using lasers is much higher than those using thermal light sources. The temporal resolution of optical methods with lasers for the measurement of the time dependence of physical parameters (velocity of moving targets, elasto-optical measurements of mechanical quantities, e. g. stress, acoustic pressure) is limited by their strong noise, exceeding the noise of thermal light sources by orders of magnitudes.
It is shown that in applications with little requirements on the spatial resolution and temporal coherence the SNR will be greater if thermal light sources are used.
Hydrogen Bond Studies. 125. A Deuteron Magnetic Resonance Study of Strontium Formate Dihydrate, Sr(HCOO)2 · 2D2O
Authors: Berglund Bo , Tegenfeldt Jörgen 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A room temperature (25 °C) deuteron magnetic resonance (DMR) study of a single crystal of Sr (HCOO)2 · 2 D2O is reported. Signals from all water molecules in the unit cell have been detected, and all four independent electric field gradient (EFG) tensors at the water deuterons have been determined from 409 quadrupole splittings. All spectra were recorded by rotating the crystal about one arbitrarily selected axis. The following quadrupole coupling constants and asymmetry parameters for the deuterons were obtained: 213.5(4), 189.3(4), 195.7(4) and 200.7(5) kHz and 0.117(3), 0.110(4), 0.116(4) and 0.098(3). The directions of the eigenvalues are qualitatively consistent with the crystal structure refined by Galigné 1; the result is in disagreement, however, with the earlier DMR study of Sr (DCOO)2 · 2 D2O (Reference 2).
Gleichgewichtsdiskussion zweier Photoredox-Systeme / Chemical Equilibria of two Photoredox Systems (Photoredox Systems), Thionin Type and Iodine Type)
Authors: Calzaferri Gion , Grüniger Hans-Rudolf 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
One of the main features in which reversible photoredox systems differ from each other is their stoichiometry. It is interesting to compare thionin type and iodine type reactions, which are two principally different systems: Absorption of one photon causes in the former transfer of one elec­tron, while in the latter two electrons are exchanged. The dependence of the normalized concentrations versus the reduction degree differs completely in the two systems. Our comparison shows how valuable information is obtained by a careful inspection of the equilibrium situation.
Doppler Broadened Spectral Functions and Time Correlation Functions for a Gas in Non-Equilibrium
Authors: Hess S. , Mörtel A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Under non-equilibrium conditions, the velocity distribution function of a gas differs from the Maxwellian equilibrium distribution. The effect of this deviation from equilibrium on the time correlation function and the spectral function associated with a Doppler broadened spectral line is calculated in full generality for stationary non-equilibrium processes. As special cases the heat conduction and the viscous flow in the hydrodynamic regime are discussed.
On the Temperature Dependence of the Solubility of some Long-chain Alkali n.Alkanoates
Authors: Spinolo G. , Zangen M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Solubility measurements allowed to put into evidence a marked Krafft-effect in the ethanolic solutions of the Na and K soaps from n.octanoate to n.dodecanoate. The co-ordinates of the Krafft-points exhibited a pronounced alternating char­acter when odd and even homologues were employed as the solutes. The behaviour of a number of alkali soaps in dif­ ferent solvents is also briefly discussed.
Treatment of Diffusionprofiles with the Method of Nets
Authors: Helfmeier H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Diffusion measurements on the copper-nickel-system were made with two kinds of geometries. Thin Cu-films were evaporated on Ni-single crystals and single crystals of Ni and Cu were brought into contact as semi-infinite solids. Different methods of evaluating the concentration dependent diffusion coefficient were used and the results discussed.
Specimens with copper layers of a thickness of up to 10% of the penetration depth can be evaluated with the thin film solution. The accuracy is satisfactory as well with respect to the diffusion coefficient at the nickel boundary as to the layer thickness. Beyond 10% the erf-solution for the thick layer yields good values for the diffusion coefficient but not for the layer thickness. The method of nets, using the difference equation, is a powerful tool to treat nearly any initial condition and any concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient.
Dynamische Messungen an einem N2-Laser / Dynamical Measurements on an N2-Laser
Authors: Miyashiro S. , Grönig H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Using optical fibers and photodiodes, the local, spontaneous emissions along an N2-laser channel have been for the first time measured with a sampling technique. From the relations among the laser power, the gas pressure, the voltage on the storage capacitor and the discharge time difference along the laser channel, the dynamical behaviour of an N2-laser was studied and the effectiveness of the travelling wave excitation of high power gas lasers has been experimentally confirmed as the result.
Oxygen Isotope Fractionation and the Structure of Aqueous Alkali Halide Solutions
Authors: Bopp P. , Heinzinger K. , Klemm A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The oxygen isotope effects between H2O and D2O solutions of various alkali-halides and the respective pure solvents have been measured by means of the CO2 equilibration technique. In general, the effects for H2O are smaller than those for D2O. With "hydration numbers" estimated from the angular distributions of the water dipoles around the ions obtained from MD-simulations and with the plausible assumption that in highly concentrated LiCl solutions the effect is purely cationic, the measured effects are separated into effects between the hydration shells of the individual ionic species (Li, Na, K, Cs, CI, Br, I) and bulk water. The cationic effects thus obtained are compared with the corresponding effects between free water-cation-pairs and bulk water calculated on the basis of the energy surfaces published by Kistenmacher et al. It is found that, in general, the trends coincide but the former effects are smaller than the latter ones.
Rotationally Ordered Distribution of Ions in a Melt Simulated by Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Steffen B. , Hosemann R. , Heinzinger K. , Schäfer L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A mean threedimensional density distribution is determined by comparing the surroundings of all atoms of a melt. Contrary to the definition of the pair distribution function, the surroundings of the different atoms are allowed to rotate against each other before being added up.
The rotationally ordered distribution (ROD) function is the sum of the surroundings of all atoms rotated against each other until they give maximum overlap. An investigation of molecular dynamics results for molten KCl gives 6 nearest neighbourpeaks in a distorted cubic primitive arrangement.
If the K+ or Cl--ions are considered separately, the surrounding gives 12 nearest neighbourpeaks in a thoroughly distorted face centered cubic arrangement, These results confirm the interpretation of the structure of the melt as a para crystal line distorted lattice and the results of an earlier threedimensional analysis of the structure of molten lead.
Cationic Self-Diffusion in Molten (Tl-Na)NO3 and (Tl-Rb)NO3 Systems
Authors: Zuca S. , Constantinescu M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The cationic self-diffusion coefficients in molten (Tl-Na)NO3 and (Tl -Rb)NO3 systems were investigated as a function of temperature and concentration. The obtained data were examined from the viewpoint of polarization and ionic size effects.
Large Amplitude Hamiltonian of a Triatomic Molecule
Authors: Wallace R. , Rao Ch. V. S. Ramachandra 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An expression for the Hamiltonian H(ρ1, ρ2, ρ3) of a vibrating-rotating triatomic molecule is derived using three curvilinear coordinates gi, Q 3 in such a way that the Hamiltonian obtained is applicable to any bent triatomic molecule and allows for large displacements in all the three modes of motion. A variational technique is then used to calculate the low lying vibrational energy levels (υ1, υ2, υ3) of the H2O molecule in its X̃1A1 ground state. The kinetic energy of the Hamiltonian T(ρ1, ρ2, ρ3) takes into account the large amplitude character of the three modes together with their interaction. But in order to minimize the formidable amount of computation, a simple quadratic potential F(ρ1, ρ2, ρ3) is assumed for all the three modes which only serves to illustrate the method of calculation.
Dielektrische Absorption von Alkoholen und Phenolen in verdünnter Lösung bei Mikro- und Sub-mm-Wellen / Dielectric Absorption of Microwaves and Submillimeterwaves by Alcohols and Phenols in Dilute Solution
Authors: Beitrán A. Camacho , Klages G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Dielectric Absorption of Microwaves and Submillimeterwaves by Alcohols and Phenols in Dilute Solution Dielectric lossers of benzylaleohol, cyclohexanol, n-decanol, and diphenylcarbinol and also of phenol, p-cresol, 2,4,6-trimethylphenoI and diphenylether have been measured over the 1 to 300 GHz frequency band using aliphatic and aromatic solvents. In cyclohexane solutions, measurements have also been made at two frequencies in the sub-mm-wave range. From an analysis of the absorption curves a distribution of relaxation times is obtained in a first approximation. Comparing the results from 3 alcohols and 3 phenols, differences are found between the relaxation time of the hydroxyl group and the live time of hydrogen bonds to aromatic solvent molecules. More than one relaxation time is found in diphenylether and its absorption curve in cyclohexane has a slope steeper than a Debye curve in the sub-mm-wave region, which is discussed as inertial effect.
Untersuchungen über langandauernde Lumineszenzen an Aromaten im festen Zustand / Investigations on Long-Lived Luminescence of Aromatics in the Solid State
Authors: Haller W. , Perkampus H.-H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A phosphoroscope with a single chopper blade is described. With this experimental set-up the spectra of phosphorescence, of the prompt and delayed fluorescence as well as the decay times of the long-lived luminescence can be measured.
The decay times and the triplet-triplet annihilation constants of Anthracene-h10, -d10 and 1,2,5,6-Dibenzanthracene in solid state are measured and discussed. Additionally the spectra of phosphorescence, prompt and delayed fluorescence of 1,2,5,6-Dibenzanthracene are presented.
T Trennung von Rubidium und Strontium aus Kalisalzen an Ionenaustauscherharz / Separation of Rubidium and Strontium from Potash Salts by Ion Exchange
Authors: Oesterle F.-P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Using the Rb-Sr method for age determinations, Rb as well as Sr have to be separated from the sample solutions in order to receive adequate mass spectrometric recordings.
Minerals of potash salts normally have very high potassium contents and low Rb/K and Sr/Ca ratios. Standard ion exchange procedures used in Rb-Sr chronometry cannot provide sufficient re­ solution of the eluated elements.
By experiments with ion exchange columns procedures were found to separate Rb and Sr from minerals with unusually high potassium or calcium concentrations.
The ESR Studies of Solubilised Nitroxide Spin Probes in Cetyltriniethylammonium Bromide Micclles
Authors: Okabayashi Hirofumi , Ivihara Koji , Okuyama Masataka 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The rotational correlation times of two long-chain nitro­ xide spin probes (5-PASL and 1-LASL) were measured in the vicinity of the second critical micelle concentration of cetyltriniethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solutions. The radical part of 5-PASL is situated at the δ-carbon and that of 1-LASL in the polar head.
In the 5-PASL-solubilized CTAB solutions a transition of the correlation time due to a sphere-rod transition seems to occur, while in the 1-LASL-solubilized CTAB solutions no such transition occurs. This reveals that the hydrophobic part around the δ-carbon of the probe becomes more rigid as a result of the micellar shape-variation while the hydrophilic part of 1-LASL is not so much restricted by the shape variation.
Die Beeinflussung des Erwartungswertes 〈R-1〉für H-Atome durch die Zahl der verwendeten GTO-Basisfunktionen und deren Optimierung / The Dependence of the Expectation Value 〈R-1〉of H-atoms on the Number and Optimization of the GTO-functions
Authors: Sterk H. , Suschnigg J. J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
It has been shown that the number of GTO-functions on each H-atom has no remarkable in­ fluence on the expectation value 〈R-1〉- and therefore on the chemical shift - when the GTO-functions are energy optimized. An alteration of the GTO-functions leads to a fluctuation which is relatively insignificant if three s-functions are used for each H-atom.
Causality Violation and Non-local Generalization of the Lorentz-Dirac Equation
Authors: Alber P. , Heudorfer W. , Sorg M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
It is demonstrated by a concrete example (constant force of finite duration) that the recently proposed, non-local equation of motion for the radiating electron does exhibit the effect of causality violation. This phenomenon, which occurs in the non-local theory in form of self-oscillations, is however less severe than in the Lorentz-Dirac theory, if only physically reasonable forces are admitted.