bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Drive Tourism: A Catalyst for Change
Authors: Fjelstul Jill , Fyall Alan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDrive tourism remains an under‐researched component of the wider tourism industry. As such, this study reviews the drive tourism phenomenon with attention focused on the anticipated impact of the implementation and adoption of new clean energy technologies. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications for the drive tourist, the drive tourism experience and the drive tourism sector. If new and more sustainable forms of drive tourism can retain their sense of fun, flexibility, and freedom there is every chance that the current initiatives being implemented in the US may become the norm rather than the exception. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A diagnostic paradigm including cytomegalovirus testing for idiopathic pediatric sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Park Albert H. , Duval Melanie , McVicar Stephanie , Bale James F. , Hohler Nancy , Carey John C. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the feasibility and cost effectiveness of incorporating cytomegalovirus (CMV) testing to determine the etiology of pediatric hearing loss.Study DesignRetrospective study of children presenting with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) at one institution from 2008 to 2013.MethodsChildren aged 3 years or younger who presented to the senior author (A.P.) between May 2008 and September 2013 with confirmed SNHL were evaluated. These children underwent a sequential diagnostic paradigm that incorporated CMV testing if no obvious etiology could be determined from the history or physical examination.ResultsOne hundred eleven children with SNHL were evaluated between 2008 and 2013. Eighty‐three children underwent CMV testing, imaging, and a genetic evaluation. Those with confirmed or probable CMV‐induced SNHL made up 30% of all children tested (n = 25), the largest group identified. CMV screening had the lowest cost compared to genetic testing or imaging for all types of hearing loss, except for those with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder.ConclusionWe present the first sequential diagnostic paradigm utilizing CMV testing for children presenting with SNHL. The relatively high incidence of CMV‐induced SNHL, the low cost for this assay, and the indirect benefits from early diagnosis support the role of early CMV testing for these patients.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:2624–2629, 2014
Long‐term inflammatory response to liquid injectable silicone, cartilage, and silicone sheet
Authors: Hizal Evren , Buyuklu Fuat , Ozdemir B. Handan , Erbek Selim S. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo show and compare the long‐term inflammatory responses to subdermal microdroplet injections of 1,000 centistoke (cS) and 5,000 cS liquid injectable silicone (LIS), and to assess the applicability of insulin pen as an alternative LIS delivery device in an animal model.Study DesignAnimal study.MethodsEighteen healthy adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. Two graft recipient sites and four injection sites were prepared on each rat's back for: 1) autogenous auricular cartilage graft; 2) silicone sheet; 3) 1,000 cS LIS injection with insulin syringe; 4) 1,000 cS LIS injection with insulin pen; 5) 5,000 cS LIS injection with insulin syringe; and 6) 5,000 cS LIS injection with insulin pen. The animals were followed up for 6 months, and skin biopsies were examined for the evaluation of LIS microdroplets in situ and the degree of inflammatory tissue response. Immunohistochemistry was used for the examination of macrophages and the density of microvessels.ResultsBiopsies from 17 animals were assessed. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of the number of lymphocytes (P = 0.081), macrophages (P = 0.857), and neutrophils (P = 0.995), the degree of vascular proliferation (P = 0.698), and the mean LIS microdroplet diameter (P = 0.540). Grossly, there was no sign of granuloma formation in any of the specimens.ConclusionThere is a low‐grade, well‐tolerated long‐term inflammatory response to microdroplet injections of 1,000 cS and 5,000 cS LIS that is comparable to autogenous cartilage graft in rats. Standard dose delivery devices such as insulin pens can be used for controlled LIS injections.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 124:E425–E430, 2014
Preoperative clinical predictors of difficult laryngeal exposure for microlaryngoscopy: The laryngoscore
Authors: Piazza Cesare , Mangili Stefano , Bon Francesca Del , Paderno Alberto , Grazioli Paola , Barbieri Diego , Perotti Pietro , Garofolo Sabrina , Nicolai Piero , Peretti Giorgio 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify a clinical predictor score for difficult laryngeal exposure (DLE) during operative microlaryngoscopy.Study DesignProspective cohort study in two academic institutions.MethodsWe evaluated 319 patients before microlaryngoscopy for benign and malignant glottic diseases by a standardized preoperative assessment protocol (Laryngoscore) that included 11 parameters: interincisors gap (IIG), thyro‐mental distance, upper jaw dental status, trismus, mandibular prognathism, macroglossia, micrognathia, degree of neck flexion‐extension, history of previous open‐neck and/or radiotherapy, Mallampati's modified score, and body mass index (BMI). Each parameter was assessed to obtain a total score. Patients were divided into five classes according to the anterior commissure (AC) visualization: class 0, complete AC visualization with large‐bore laryngoscopes in the Boyce‐Jackson position; class I, as class 0 with external laryngeal counterpressure; class II, as class I in the flexion‐flexion position; class III, as class II using small‐bore laryngoscopes; and class IV, impossible AC visualization.ResultsClass 0‐I‐II (good/acceptable laryngeal exposure) presented a median score < 6. This value was chosen as cutoff for distinguishing favorable versus difficult/impossible laryngeal exposures. When the Laryngoscore was < 6, good laryngeal exposure was observed in 94% of patients, whereas when ≥ 6, DLE was encountered in 40%. When considering a Laryngoscore of ≥ 9, 67% of patients had a DLE. At univariate analysis, IIG, upper jaw dental status, macroglossia, micrognathia, degree of neck flexion‐extension, and BMI statistically impacted on DLE (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe Laryngoscore is a good predictor of DLE and assists in selecting the ideal candidates for operative microlaryngoscopy.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 124:2561–2567, 2014
Famotidine, a Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist, Does Not Reduce Levodopa‐Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study
Authors: Mestre Tiago A. , Shah Binit B. , Connolly Barbara S. , de Aquino Camila , Al Dhakeel Amaal , Walsh Richard , Ghate Taneera , Lui Jane P. , Fox Susan H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe neural mechanisms underlying levodopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD) may involve histamine (H2) receptors on striatopallidal pathways. We recently demonstrated that the clinically available oral histamine H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA), famotidine, can reduce l‐dopa‐induced chorea in MPTP‐lesioned macaques. We hypothesized that famotidine may be useful in the treatment of LID in PD patients. We performed a proof‐of‐concept, double‐blind, randomized, multiple cross‐over (4×) trial. Seven PD subjects with bothersome dyskinesia were randomized to oral famotidine 80, 120, and 160 mg/day and placebo. Each subject was randomized to receive each of the four treatment phases for 14 days followed by a 7‐day wash‐out period between each treatment phase. The primary outcome measure was change in the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS; part III) between placebo and famotidine. Secondary outcomes were UDysRS (parts I and II), Global Impression of Change, Lang‐Fahn Activities of Daily Living Dyskinesia Scale, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating part III, and adverse events (AEs). Outcomes were evaluated pre‐ and post‐treatment per dose and analyzed using a mixed‐effects linear model. There was no significant effect of famotidine treatment on any of the primary or secondary outcome measures compared to placebo (each dose and all doses combined). There were no significant AEs. Even though the sample size of the current study is limited, famotidine seems to be safe in patients with PD and LID, but showed no potential as an antidyskinetic agent.
Permanence of a delayed SIR epidemic model with general nonlinear incidence rate
Authors: Jiang Zhichao , Ma Wanbiao 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a SIR model with two delays and general nonlinear incidence rate is considered. The local and global asymptotical stabilities of the disease‐free equilibrium are given. The local asymptotical stability and the existence of Hopf bifurcations at the endemic equilibrium are also established by analyzing the distribution of the characteristic values. Furthermore, the sufficient conditions for the permanence of the system are given. Some numerical simulations to support the analytical conclusions are carried out. At last, some conclusions are given. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the ‐boundedness of solution operator families of the generalized Stokes resolvent problem in an infinite layer
Authors: Saito Hirokazu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the ‐boundedness of solution operator families of the generalized Stokes resolvent problem in an infinite layer with resolvent parameter , where , and our boundary conditions are nonhomogeneous Neumann on upper boundary and Dirichlet on lower boundary. We want to emphasize that we can choose 0 < ϵ < π ∕ 2 and γ0 > 0 arbitrarily, although usual parabolic theorem tells us that we must choose a large γ0 > 0 for given 0 < ϵ < π ∕ 2. We also prove the maximal Lp − Lq regularity theorem of the nonstationary Stokes problem as an application of the ‐boundedness. The key of our approach is to apply several technical lemmas to the exact solution formulas of a resolvent problem. The formulas are obtained through the solutions of the ODEs, in the Fourier space, driven by the partial Fourier transform with respect to tangential space variable . Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transparent conductive oxide‐less back contact dye‐sensitized solar cells using cobalt electrolyte
Authors: Molla Md. Zaman , Mizukoshi Norihiro , Furukawa Hiroaki , Ogomi Yuhei , Pandey Shyam S. , Ma Tingli , Hayase Shuzi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTransparent conductive oxide‐less (TCO‐less) dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been fabricated and characterized using nanoporous TiO2‐coated stainless steel metal mesh as flexible photoanode and cobalt bipyridyl complex (Co(bpy))‐based one electron redox shuttle electrolyte. Attempts have been made towards enhancing the efficiency of TCO‐less DSSCs to match with their TCO‐based DSSC counterparts. It has been found that surface protection of metal mesh is highly required for enhancing the efficiency of TCO‐less DSSCs specially using cobalt electrolytes as confirmed by dark current–voltage characteristics. Photocurrent action spectra clearly reveal that TCO‐based DSSCs using (Co(bpy)) electrolyte exhibits photon harvesting (incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) 52%) in the 370–450 nm wavelength region as compared to photon harvesting at peak absorption of the dye (IPCE 56% at 550 nm), which is almost the same (IPCE 47%) in the 400–610 nm wavelength region for TCO‐less DSSCs. Under similar experimental conditions, replacing indoline dye D‐205 to porphyrin‐based dye YD2‐o‐C8 led to the enhancement in the photoconversion efficiency from 3.33% to 4.84% under simulated solar irradiation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
state estimation with fading measurements, randomly varying nonlinearities and probabilistic distributed delays
Authors: Ding Derui , Wang Zidong , Shen Bo , Dong Hongli 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIn this paper, the state estimation problem is investigated for a class of discrete‐time stochastic systems in simultaneous presence of three network‐induced phenomena, namely, fading measurements, randomly varying nonlinearities and probabilistic distributed delays. The channel fading is characterized by the ℓth‐order Rice fading model whose coefficients are mutually independent random variables with given probability density functions. Two sequences of random variables obeying the Bernoulli distribution are utilized to govern the randomly varying nonlinearities and probabilistic distributed delays. The purpose of the problem addressed is to design an state estimator such that the dynamics of the estimation errors is stochastically stable and the prespecified disturbance rejection attenuation level is guaranteed. Through intensive stochastic analysis, sufficient conditions are established under which the addressed state estimation problem is recast as a convex optimization one that can be solved via the semi‐definite program method. Finally, a simulation example is provided to show the usefulness of the proposed state estimation scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological Markers of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Predictors of Response to Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Investigator-Initiated Trial and In Vivo Study
Authors: Kim Hyun Young , Kim Heejaung , Oh Ki-Wook , Oh Seong-Il , Koh Seong-Ho , Baik Wonki , Noh Min Young , Kim Kyung Suk , Kim Seung Hyun 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can modify disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) model. However, there are currently no accurate biological markers for predicting the efficacy of autologous MSC transplants in ALS patients. This open-label, single-arm, investigator-initiated clinical study was designed to identify markers of MSCs that could be used as potential predictors of response to autologous MSC therapy in patients with ALS. We enrolled 37 patients with ALS who received autologous MSCs via intrathecal injection in two monthly doses. After a 6-month follow-up period, the patients were categorized as responders and non-responders based on their scores on the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R). Biological markers including β-fibroblast growth factor-2, stromal cell-derived factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, angiogenin (ANG), interleukin (IL)−4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were measured in the MSC cultures and their levels were compared between the responders and nonresponders. To confirm the markers’ predictive ability, MSCs isolated from one patient in each group were transplanted into the cisterna magna of mutant SOD1G93A transgenic mice to measure their lifespans, locomotor activity, and motor neuron numbers. The levels of VEGF, ANG, and TGF-β were significantly higher in responders than in nonresponders. In the mouse model, the recipients of responder MSCs had a significantly slower onset of symptoms and a significantly longer lifespan than the recipients of nonresponders or controls. Our data suggest that VEGF, ANG, and TGF-β levels in MSCs could be used as potential biological markers to predict the effectiveness of autologous MSC therapy and to identify those patients who could optimally benefit from MSC treatment. Stem Cells 2014;32:2724–2731
Simulations of continuously variable transmission dynamics
Authors: Shabrov N. , Ispolov Yu. , Orlov S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAn overview of one specific design of continuously variable transmission (CVT) is presented. An approach to the modeling of contact interactions is described. Several CVT models of different complexity are developed and used in numerical simulations. The results of simulations can be used to estimate local behavior of CVT parts, as well as its global characteristics.
Stimulation of Phenol Removal Efficiency of Aspergillus versicolor by Surfactants, a Promising Way to Treat Phenol‐Containing Waste Waters
Authors: Ertuğrul Karatay Sevgi , Gül Ülküye Dudu , Dönmez Gönül 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe effect of the cationic surfactant, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB), on phenol bioremoval efficiency of an Aspergillus versicolor strain was examined. The strain was grown in mineral salt (MS) medium and the effect of DTAB was investigated as a function of different pH values, phenol and surfactant concentrations. The effect of pH was tested within the range of 4–7 and the maximum bioremoval was found at pH 4. Initial phenol concentrations investigated ranged from 100 to 600 mg/L, and the effects of surfactant concentrations on the removal were tested with 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM DTAB, which showed that 0.5 mM surfactant was the most effective concentration. The maximum bioremoval rates found after 72 h incubation were 99.48 and 99.15 % in 100 and 200 mg/L initial phenol‐containing samples, respectively, where the phenol removal capacity of the fungus was only 142.373 mg/g in the DTAB blank samples. The maximum phenol uptake capacity of 267.162 mg/g was measured in the presence of 0.5 mM DTAB at 200 mg/L initial phenol concentration. These results showed that DTAB considerably increased the bioremoval efficiency of the strain tested at relatively lower phenol concentrations. The feasibility of this bioremoval method for industrial wastewater treatment is discussed.
Increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation by targeting the homologous recombination pathway in glioma initiating cells
Authors: Lim Yi Chieh , Roberts Tara L. , Day Bryan W. , Stringer Brett W. , Kozlov Sergei , Fazry Shazrul , Bruce Zara C. , Ensbey Kathleen S. , Walker David G. , Boyd Andrew W. , Lavin Martin F. 
Published: June 2014

Glioblastoma is deemed the most malignant form of brain tumour, particularly due to its resistance to conventional treatments. A small surviving group of aberrant stem cells termed glioma initiation cells (GICs) that escape surgical debulking are suggested to be the cause of this resistance. Relatively quiescent in nature, GICs are capable of driving tumour recurrence and undergo lineage differentiation. Most importantly, these GICs are resistant to radiotherapy, suggesting that radioresistance contribute to their survival. In a previous study, we demonstrated that GICs had a restricted double strand break (DSB) repair pathway involving predominantly homologous recombination (HR) associated with a lack of functional G1/S checkpoint arrest. This unusual behaviour led to less efficient non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair and overall slower DNA DSB repair kinetics. To determine whether specific targeting of the HR pathway with small molecule inhibitors could increase GIC radiosensitivity, we used the Ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated inhibitor (ATMi) to ablate HR and the DNA‐dependent protein kinase inhibitor (DNA‐PKi) to inhibit NHEJ. Pre‐treatment with ATMi prior to ionizing radiation (IR) exposure prevented HR‐mediated DNA DSB repair as measured by Rad51 foci accumulation. Increased cell death in vitro and improved in vivo animal survival could be observed with combined ATMi and IR treatment. Conversely, DNA‐PKi treatment had minimal impact on GICs ability to resolve DNA DSB after IR with only partial reduction in cell survival, confirming the major role of HR. These results provide a mechanistic insight into the predominant form of DNA DSB repair in GICs, which when targeted may be a potential translational approach to increase patient survival.
Timing of the Northern Prince Gustav Ice Stream retreat and the deglaciation of northern James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula during the last glacial–interglacial transition
Authors: Nývlt Daniel , Braucher Régis , Engel Zbyněk , Mlčoch Bedřich , Team ASTER 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Northern Prince Gustav Ice Stream located in Prince Gustav Channel, drained the northeastern portion of the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet during the last glacial maximum. Here we present a chronology of its retreat based on in situ produced cosmogenic 10Be from erratic boulders at Cape Lachman, northern James Ross Island. Schmidt hammer testing was adopted to assess the weathering state of erratic boulders in order to better interpret excess cosmogenic 10Be from cumulative periods of pre-exposure or earlier release from the glacier. The weighted mean exposure age of five boulders based on Schmidt hammer data is 12.9 ± 1.2 ka representing the beginning of the deglaciation of lower-lying areas (< 60 m a.s.l.) of the northern James Ross Island, when Northern Prince Gustav Ice Stream split from the remaining James Ross Island ice cover. This age represents the minimum age of the transition from grounded ice stream to floating ice shelf in the middle continental shelf areas of the northern Prince Gustav Channel. The remaining ice cover located at higher elevations of northern James Ross Island retreated during the early Holocene due to gradual decay of terrestrial ice and increase of equilibrium line altitude. Schmidt hammer R-values are inversely correlated with 10Be exposure ages and could be used as a proxy for exposure history of individual granite boulders in this region and favour the hypothesis of earlier release of boulders with excessive 10Be concentrations from glacier directly at this site. These data provide evidences for an earlier deglaciation of northern James Ross Island when compared with other recently presented cosmogenic nuclide based deglaciation chronologies, but this timing coincides with rapid increase of atmospheric temperature in this marginal part of Antarctica.
PALEOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF QIN RELIGIOUS PRACTICE FROM LIYE AND ZHOUJIATAI
Authors: Sanft Charles 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper I discuss paleographic texts recording local-level religious practices during the Qin dynasty that archaeologists recovered from Liye and Zhoujiatai. The Liye materials are bureaucratic records of state-sponsored sacrifices that took place in 215 and 212 b.c.e., indicating the types of sacrifices and reflecting the processes by which the bureaucracy managed the items offered. The Zhoujiatai text appears to give instructions for individual sacrifices and provides information about the locations and types of offerings, as well as the verbal formulae employed. The article begins with consideration of Qin practices in transmitted texts and of the agricultural spirit Xiannong, which appears in both the Liye and Zhoujiatai texts. Since in the past there was virtually no information extant about local-level religious activity under the Qin, the details in these paleographic texts represent an advance in understanding the history of the period.