bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Reactions of New Chiral Linear Carboxamides with an Incorporated Peptide Linkage Using Nalidixic Acid and Amino Acids as Starting Materials
Authors: Khalifa Nagy M. , Naglah Ahmed M. , Al-Omar Mohamed A. , Abo-Ghalia Mohamed H. , Amr Abd El-Galil E. 
Published: March 2014

4b
A series of chiral linear carboxamide derivatives (2- 15) with an incorporated peptide linkage have been prepared via the coupling of 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-7-methyl-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (nalidixic acid, 1) with appropriate amino acid methyl esters. Coupling of 1 with amino acid methyl esters gave the corresponding peptide methyl esters 2, which were hydrolyzed with methanolic sodium hydroxide to the corresponding acids 3. Hydrazinolysis of esters 2with hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding acid hydrazide derivatives 4. The latter compounds were coupled with appropriate aldehydes or acetophenone derivatives to afford the corresponding Schiff base derivatives 5 and 6, respectively. The hydrazide derivative was reacted with phenyl isothiocyanate or carbonyl derivatives to give the corresponding thiosemicarbazide 7 and compounds 8- 10, respectively. Also, 4b was treated with acid monoanhydrides to give the corresponding imide derivatives 11- 13. Finally, 4b was reacted with tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride derivatives to afford the corresponding diimido carboxamide derivatives 14 and 15
First forecast of a sudden stratospheric warming with a coupled whole‐atmosphere/ionosphere model IDEA
Authors: Wang H. , Akmaev R. A. , Fang T.‐W. , Fuller‐Rowell T. J. , Wu F. , Maruyama N. , Iredell M. D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe present the first “weather forecast” with a coupled whole‐atmosphere/ionosphere model of Integrated Dynamics in Earth's Atmosphere (IDEA) for the January 2009 Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW). IDEA consists of the Whole Atmosphere Model and Global Ionosphere‐Plasmasphere model. A 30 day forecast is performed using the IDEA model initialized at 0000 UT on 13 January 2009, 10 days prior to the peak of the SSW. IDEA successfully predicts both the time and amplitude of the peak warming in the polar cap. This is about 2 days earlier than the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational Global Forecast System terrestrial weather model forecast. The forecast of the semidiurnal, westward propagating, zonal wave number 2 (SW2) tide in zonal wind also shows an increase in the amplitude and a phase shift to earlier hours in the equatorial dynamo region during and after the peak warming, before recovering to their prior values about 15 days later. The SW2 amplitude and phase changes are shown to belikelydue to the stratospheric ozoneand/orcirculation changes. The daytime upward plasma drift and total electron content in the equatorial American sector show a clear shift to earlier hours and enhancement during and after the peak warming, before returning to their prior conditions. These ionospheric responses compare well with other observational studies. Therefore, the predicted ionospheric response to the January 2009 SSW can be largely explained in simple terms of the amplitude and phase changes of the SW2 zonal wind in the equatorialEregion.
Edinburgh datashare – reflections from a data repository manager
Authors: Rice Robin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEDITOR'S SUMMARYA no‐cost data repository service for university researchers, the Edinburgh DataShare has grown from a demonstration project to an integral part of the research data management (RDM) initiative of the University of Edinburgh. The initiative is designed to serve data management planning, data storage, data stewardship and data support, as well as provide a data asset registry and a vault where data will be retained for a period of time. Pilot testing the repository and RDM services has led to changes in the interface and workflow to improve usability. Testing by a clinical health instructor raised questions about anonymized patient data, confidentiality and vulnerability to hacking and led to a decision to cap the embargo on data access at five years. Additional testing for very large datasets and multimedia datasets remains to be done to determine the minimum amount of data fields that will serve a variety of purposes.
Response‐dependent two‐phase sampling designs for biomarker studies
Authors: McIsaac Michael A. , Cook Richard J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTwo‐phase sampling designs are developed and investigated for use in the context of a rheumatology study where interest lies in the association between a biomarker with an expensive assay and disease progression. We derive optimal phase‐II stratum‐specific sampling probabilities for analyses from parametric maximum likelihood (ML), mean score (MS), inverse probability weighted (IPW) and augmented inverse probability weighted estimating equations (AIPW). The easy‐to‐implement optimally efficient design for the MS estimator is found to be asymptotically optimal for the IPW and AIPW estimators we consider, and is shown to result in efficiency gains over balanced and simple random sampling even when analyses are likelihood‐based. We further demonstrate the robustness of this optimal design and show that it results in very efficient estimation even when the model or parameters used in its derivation are misspecified. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 42: 268–284; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of insulin analogues using InsuPatch, a local heating device
Authors: Landau Zohar , Klonoff David , Nayberg Irina , Feldman Dmitry , Levit Shmuel Boris , Lender Dan , Mosenzon Ofri , Raz Itamar , Wainstein Julio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that heating the insulin injection site may accelerate insulin absorption. We investigated the pharmacological profile of insulin administered with InsuPatch, a local skin‐heating device.MethodsIn this randomized, crossover study carried out in 56 subjects with type 1 diabetes treated with insulin pump [mean age 32 ± 13.5 years; 23 women; HbA1c:7.8 ± 0.9% (62 ± 10 mmol/mol) (mean+/−standard deviation)]. Euglycemic glucose clamps were performed after administration of 0.15 units/kg of short‐acting insulin analogues. Each subject underwent three clamp procedures: two with the InsuPatch device (day 1 and day 3) and one without the device (day 1 control). The primary endpoints were the following: (1) the change in the area under the curve (AUC) of insulin during the first 60 min post‐insulin bolus on day 1 with the InsuPatch device versus day 1 control and (2) parameters to assess the safety of using the device.ResultsThe area under the curve of insulin during the initial 60 min (insulin AUC0–60) after insulin bolus was increased by 29.7 ± 7% on day 1 InsuPatch versus day 1 control (p < 0.01). Maximal post‐insulin bolus concentration was 57 mU/L on day 1 InsuPatch versus 47.6 mU/L on day 1 control (p < 0.01). On day 3 InsuPatch, insulin AUC0–60 was increased by 27.9 ± 72% versus day 1 InsuPatch (p < 0.01). Maximal insulin concentration was 70.4 mU/L versus 57 mU/L, respectively (p = 0.05).ConclusionsThe use of the heating device upon administration of short‐acting insulin analogues in pump‐treated type 1 diabetic patients was found to enhance insulin absorption. This heating device may therefore serve to achieve better meal insulin coverage. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical and monolayer film properties of potential fatty ester biolubricants
Authors: Yao Linxing , Hammond Earl G. , Wang Tong , Bu Wei , Vaknin David 
Published: March 2014

The desire to replace petroleum‐based lubricants with alternatives that are environmentally friendly and made from sustainable sources has encouraged the development of biolubricants based on vegetable oils. To be good lubricants, the materials should have low melting points, appropriate viscosity and oxidative stability. In this paper, we report the melting point and viscosity of oleate esters of ethylene glycol, 1,2‐propanediol, 2,3‐butanediol, and pentaerythritol as well as the decanoate esters of 2,3‐butanediol and the 12‐methyltetradecanoate esters of 1,2‐propanediol. Polyol esters that have a free hydroxy group had lower melting points than the completely esterified polyols, but the completely esterified polyol esters exhibited less change in viscosity with temperature than those having a free hydroxy group. 2, 3‐Butanediol monooleate, which melted at −48.6°C shows promise as a biolubricant, but its viscosity index was estimated to be 100. Pentaerythritol oleate esters, with melting points below −10°C and viscosity indices in the range of 170–197, may be suitable candidates as biolubricants. The behavior of esters spread as a monomolecular film at air/water interface may provide insight into the way they behave when spread on metal or polar surfaces, so the pressure‐area isotherms of 2,3‐butanediol monoleate and selected esters are also reported.Practical applications: The structure and function relationships demonstrated can be used to synthesize biolubricants with desirable physical and performance properties.This figure shows the melting and viscosity properties of various types of synthesized biolubricants. Abbreviations: BDMO, 2,3‐butanediol monooleate; BDM10, 2,3‐butanediol monodecanoate; PGMO, 1,2‐propanediol monooleate; PET, pentaerythritol; R‐Ac, a group of acetylated ricinoleates; BuR, butyl ricinoleate; IsR, isopropyl ricinoleate; BuO, butyl oleate; IsO, isopropyl oleate; MeR‐11u, methyl 12‐undec‐10‐enylricinoleate.
Bedload hysteresis in a glacier‐fed mountain river
Authors: Mao Luca , Dell'Agnese Andrea , Huincache Carolina , Penna Daniele , Engel Michal , Niedrist Georg , Comiti Francesco 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTSediment transport during flood events often reveals hysteretic patterns because flow discharge can peak before (counterclockwise hysteresis) or after (clockwise hysteresis) the peak of bedload. Hysteresis in sediment transport has been used in the literature to infer the degree of sediment availability. Counterclockwise and clockwise hysteresis have been in fact interpreted as limited and unlimited sediment supply conditions, respectively. Hysteresis has been mainly explored for the case of suspended sediment transport, but it was rarely reported for bedload transport in mountain streams. This work focuses on the temporal variability of bedload transport in an alpine catchment (Saldur basin, 18.6 km2, Italian Alps) where bedload transport was monitored by means of an acoustic pipe sensor which detects the acoustic vibrations induced by particles hitting a 0.5m‐long steel pipe. Runoff dynamics are dominated by snowmelt in late spring/early summer, mostly by glacier melt in late summer/early autumn, and by a combination of the snow and glacier melt in mid‐summer. The results indicate that hysteretic patterns during daily discharge fluctuations are predominantly clockwise during the snowmelt period, likely due to the ready availability of unpacked sediments within the channel or through bank erosion in the lower part of the basin. On the contrary, counterclockwise hysteresis tend to be more frequent during late glacier melting period, possibly due to the time lag needed for sediment provided by the glacial and peri‐glacial area to be transported to the monitoring section. However, intense rainfall events occurring during the glacier melt period generated predominantly clockwise hysteresis, thus indicating the activation of different sediment sources. These results indicate that runoff generation processes play a crucial role on sediment supply and temporal availability in mountain streams. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Linear Effects of Soda Taxes on Consumption and Weight Outcomes
Authors: Fletcher Jason M. , Frisvold David E. , Tefft Nathan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe potential health impacts of imposing large taxes on soda to improve population health have been of interest for over a decade. As estimates of the effects of existing soda taxes with low rates suggest little health improvements, recent proposals suggest that large taxes may be effective in reducing weight because of non‐linear consumption responses or threshold effects. This paper tests this hypothesis in two ways. First, we estimate non‐linear effects of taxes using the range of current rates. Second, we leverage the sudden, relatively large soda tax increase in two states during the early 1990s combined with new synthetic control methods useful for comparative case studies. Our findings suggest virtually no evidence of non‐linear or threshold effects. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical surface modified‐activated carbon cloth for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol
Authors: Martínez Fernando , Pariente Isabel , Brebou Christina , Molina R. , Melero Juan Antonio , Bremner David , Mantzavinos Dionissios 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDActivated carbons (AC) can be used as catalyst in advanced oxidation processes due to the potential activity for hydrogen peroxide decomposition to hydroxyl radicals. Chemical surface groups and textural properties can play a crucial role in its catalytic behaviour. The pH of the reaction medium can also affect the adsorption properties of AC and the chemistry of hydrogen peroxide in catalytic oxidation processes. The AC/H2O2 systems have been successfully used for the degradation of some organic pollutants in wastewaters over recent years.RESULTSThe influence of different modified‐activated carbon cloth (ACC) samples has been studied. Commercial ACC samples were treated under neutral (H2O), acid (H3PO4), basic (NaOH) and oxidizing (H2O2) solutions. Modified‐ACC samples were assessed in the adsorption (in absence of H2O2) and chemical advanced oxidation (in presence of H2O2) of phenol at different pH values. ACC samples hydrothermally treated showed the best adsorption properties. ACC samples treated with NaOH solutions evidenced the best catalytic performance for phenol oxidation under acidic conditions.CONCLUSIONSThe functionalization of ACC samples with basic surface groups yielded the best catalytic performance with total phenol removal and efficient use of the hydrogen peroxide at acidic conditions. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
GaN‐to‐Si vertical conduction mechanisms in AlGaN/GaN‐on‐Si lateral heterojunction FET structures
Authors: Yang Shu , Jiang Qimeng , Li Baikui , Tang Zhikai , Chen Kevin J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe GaN‐to‐Si vertical conduction mechanisms on a low resistivity p‐type (111) Si substrate under high‐voltage operation are investigated using the temperature‐dependent high‐voltage C‐V characterization and device simulation. It is found the deep depletion and weak inversion in Si will result in a high electric field at the GaN/Si interface and induce the impact ionization of Si. The generated electrons will be injected into GaN buffer layer, fill in buffer traps and act as free carriers in GaN, eventually leading to considerable vertical leakage in the AlGaN/GaN‐on‐Si structures. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An incentive mechanism based on game theory for trust management
Authors: Feng Renjian , Che Shenyun , Wang Xiao , Wan Jiangwen 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTTrust management is suitable for handling the internal security problems in wireless sensor networks. However, trust management schemes usually neglect the selfishness of normal nodes and regard malicious nodes as never cooperate. Thus, to ensure trustworthiness and encourage nodes to cooperate, incentive mechanisms are in pressing demand for trust management schemes. We propose an incentive mechanism based on game theory. The interactions between unknown‐type nodes and normal nodes are modeled as Bayesian games. A set of parameters including players' action sets and the payoff matrix are formulated and analyzed. How a player can select proper actions on behalf of its own profits is shown by the equilibriums of the game. Simulation results show that the proposed incentive mechanism can effectively motivate normal nodes to cooperate instead of being selfish and compel malicious nodes to cooperate as far as possible. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implications for chronic toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene in sea bream cultured hepatocytes: Cytotoxicity, inflammation, and cancerogenesis
Authors: Santacroce Maria Pia , Pastore Anna Selene , Tinelli Antonella , Colamonaco Michele , Crescenzo Giuseppe 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the most studied dangerous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon for its hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant effects, which can affect both wild and farmed marine fish through the trophic chain. This study investigated, for the first time, the chronic effects induced in vitro by B[a]P prolonged exposure on gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) hepatocytes, evaluating the cellular and nuclear latent damage. The purpose was to characterize the kind of B[a]P cyto‐ and genotoxic damage by morphological and immunocytochemical parameters applied in combination with the use of multiple assay endpoints. In light of our results, the short‐term effects at higher B[a]P doses were linked to higher cytotoxicities and necrotic lysis, whereas a sustained inflammatory response at medium–low doses was perceived as a mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis, both by surface and nuclear morphological changes. The strong immunoreactivity for the cleaved caspase‐3 showed that the labeled cells committed suicide by apoptosis. B[a]P involvement on carcinogenesis comes from prolonged exposure at lower doses, establishing the connection between the escape from apoptosis and the selection of a tumoral phenotype. Cells colabeled with proliferating cell nuclear antigen/caspase‐3 within the proliferative foci, were proliferating transformed oval stem cells, which escaped the suicide by apoptosis allowing cancer development. Finally, it was established that sea bream cultured hepatocytes are highly sensitive to chronic B[a]P exposure, as serious genotoxic effects were found even at the lowest doses. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 1045–1062, 2015.
Estimating design reliability of composite rotor blades under ultimate loading
Authors: Bacharoudis Konstantinos C. , Philippidis Theodore P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA probabilistic stress analysis tool predicting reliability of composite wind turbine rotor blades was developed and validated by comparing with results from a three‐dimensional shell finite element model of a blade. Stress analysis was based on thin wall multicellular Euler–Bernoulli beam theory using as input section stress resultants directly from aeroelastic simulations; a finite strip method was implemented for elastic stability calculations. Reliability analysis was performed at the ply level of the multidirectional laminates implementing various methods such as the response surface method, β‐index and crude Monte Carlo simulation. Physical and statistical uncertainties of the basic variables was taken into account while several model uncertainties related to the material properties were further introduced and quantified in the light of appropriate test results. To prove the efficiency of the code as a design tool, the effect of various probabilistic assumptions concerning the material properties was directly investigated on the estimated reliability β‐index values for two rotor blade design cases typical of stall‐regulated and pitch‐regulated wind turbines. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracapsular Lymph Node Involvement is Associated With Colorectal Liver Metastases and Impact Outcome After Hepatectomy for Colorectal Metastases
Authors: Suzuki Hideki , Fujii Takaaki , Asao Takayuki , Tsutsumi Soichi , Wada Satoshi , Araki Kenichiro , Kubo Norio , Watanabe Akira , Tsukagoshi Mariko , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundHepatic resection of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the treatment of choice for patients after resection of the primary CRC. However, some patients do not benefit from immediate resection because of rapidly progressive disease. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic value of extracapsular invasion (ECI) of lymph node (LN) metastasis of CRC with liver metastases following liver resection.MethodsAll patients who underwent resection for CRC with liver metastases between 1995 and 2011 were reviewed. All of those with metastasis from primary CRC were included in this study. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data, including primary tumor pathology results, were retrospectively reviewed. All resected LNs from primary CRC were re‐examined to assess ECI. Associations between clinicopathologic factors, survival, and the nodal findings were evaluated.ResultsECI was identified in 47 (48 %) patients. ECI was correlated with the number of positive LNs (p = 0.0022), timing of liver metastasis (p = 0.0238), and number of liver metastases (p = 0.0001). Univariate analysis indicated that the number of positive LNs (p = 0.0014), ECI (p = 0.0203), and adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.0423) were significant prognostic factors. Patients with ECI had a significantly worse survival (p = 0.0024) after liver resection than patients with LN‐negative and ECI‐negative groups.ConclusionsIn patients with hepatic CRC metastases, ECI in regional LNs reflects a particularly aggressive behavior, such as a greater number of liver metastases. In CRC patients with liver metastases, ECI in regional LNs might be correlated with poor prognosis following liver resection.
Novel Thyroidectomy Difficulty Scale Correlates with Operative Times
Authors: Schneider David F. , Mazeh Haggi , Oltmann Sarah C. , Chen Herbert , Sippel Rebecca S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate a new thyroidectomy difficulty scale (TDS) for its inter‐rater agreement, correspondence with operative times, and correlation with complications.MethodsWe developed a four item, 20‐point TDS. Following cases where two board‐certified surgeons participated, each surgeon completed a TDS, blinded to the other’s responses. Paired sets of TDS scores were compared. The relationship between operative time and TDS scores was analyzed with linear regression. Multiple regression evaluated the association of TDS scores and other clinical data with operative times.ResultsA total of 119 patients were scored using TDS. In this cohort, 22.7 % suffered from hyperthyroidism, 37.8 % experienced compressive symptoms, and 58.8 % had cancer. The median total TDS score was 8, and both surgeons’ total scores exhibited a high degree of correlation. Overall, 87.4 % of the two raters’ total scores were within one point of each other. Patients with hyperthyroidism received higher median scores than euthyroid patients (10 vs. 8, p < 0.01). Similarly, patients who suffered a complication had higher scores than those without complications (10 vs. 8, p = 0.04). TDS scores demonstrated a linear relation with operative times (R2 = 0.36, p < 0.01). Cases with a score of ≥14 took 41.0 % longer compared to cases with scores of ≤5 (p < 0.01). In the multiple regression analysis, TDS scores independently predicted the operative time (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe TDS is an accurate tool whose scores correlate with more difficult thyroidectomies as measured by complications and operative times.