bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myogenin expression in vulvovaginal spindle cell lesions: analysis of a series of cases with an emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: McCluggage W Glenn , Longacre Teri A , Fisher Cyril 
Published: June 2013

AimsMyogenin (myf4) is a nuclear transcription factor that is considered to be a sensitive and highly specific marker for skeletal muscle differentiation. Following the identification of focal strong nuclear staining with myogenin in two fibroepithelial polyps of the lower female genital tract (the index cases), we stained a series of vulvovaginal spindle cell lesions with this marker in order to investigate how widespread myogenin staining is in these lesions.Methods and resultsFibroepithelial polyps (n = 13), other vulvovaginal mesenchymal lesions (n = 21) and vulval or vaginal spindle cell squamous carcinomas (n = 4) were stained for myogenin. Apart from the index cases, all of the other cases were negative, except for one vaginal spindle cell squamous carcinoma, which showed focal weak nuclear immunoreactivity. Ten of 12 embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas of the lower female genital tract were myogenin‐positive, as was a single vaginal rhabdomyoma.ConclusionsOur study illustrates that focal myogenin immunoreactivity occurs uncommonly in fibroepithelial polyps of the lower female genital tract. This may result in diagnostic confusion and misdiagnosis as a skeletal muscle neoplasm, especially the sarcoma botryoides variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.
Culture, Intermarriage, and Immigrant Women's Labor Supply
Authors: Eylem Gevrek Z. , Gevrek Deniz , Gupta Sonam 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe examine the impact of culture on the work behaviour of second‐generation immigrant women in Canada. We contribute to the literature by analysing the role of intermarriage in intergenerational transmission of culture and its effect on labour market outcomes. Using female labour force participation and total fertility rates in the country of ancestry as cultural proxies, we find that culture affects the female labour supply. Cultural proxies are significant in explaining number of hours worked by second‐generation women with immigrant parents. The impact of culture is significantly larger for women with immigrant parents who share the same ethnic background than for those with intermarried parents. The weaker effect of culture for women raised in intermarried families stresses the importance of intermarriage in assimilation process. Our findings imply that government policies targeting women's labour supply may have differential effects on the labour market behaviour of immigrant women of different ancestries.
Policy Implications

The result that culture has statistically significant impact on second‐generation immigrant women's labour supply has policy implications in terms of the government programmes and benefits that target the labour supply of women and immigration policies in general.

Our findings imply that government policies targeting women's labour supply may have differential influence on the labour market behaviour of second‐generation immigrant women of different ancestries.
CD4+ T‐cell depletion in HIV infection: mechanisms of immunological failure
Authors: Okoye Afam A. , Picker Louis J. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis is a progressive depletion of CD4+ T‐cell populations in close association with progressive impairment of cellular immunity and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections (OI). Disease progression in untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can take many years, and it was originally hypothesized to be a consequence of slow, viral‐mediated CD4+ T‐cell destruction. However, massive CD4+ memory T‐cell destruction is now known to occur quite early in infection, almost always without overt immunodeficiency. In most individuals, this initial destruction is countered by CD4+ memory T‐cell regeneration that preserves CD4+ T‐cell numbers and functions above the threshold associated with overt immunodeficiency. This regeneration, which occurs in the setting of chronic immune activation and immune dysregulation does not, however, restore all functionally important CD4+ T‐cell populations and is not stable over the long term. Ultimately, CD4+ memory T‐cell homeostasis fails and critical effector populations decline below the level necessary to prevent OI. Thus, the onset of overt immune deficiency appears to be intimately linked with CD4+ memory T‐cell dynamics and reflects the complex interplay of direct viral cytopathogenicity and the indirect effects of persistent immune activation on CD4+ memory T‐cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.
Pathobiology of HIV/SIV‐associated changes in secondary lymphoid tissues
Authors: Estes Jacob D. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is principally a disease of lymphoid tissues (LTs), due to the fact that the main target cell of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the CD4+ T lymphocyte that primarily resides within organs of the immune system. The impact of HIV infection on secondary LTs, in particular lymph nodes, is critical to delineate, as these immune organs are the principal sites for initiating and facilitating immune responses and are critical for lymphocyte homeostatic maintenance and survival. The underlying structural elements of LTs, fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) network, not only form the architectural framework for these organs, but also play in integral role in the production and storage of cytokines needed for T‐cell survival. There is an interdependent relationship between the FRC stromal network and CD4+ T lymphocytes for their survival and maintenance that is progressively disrupted during HIV disease. HIV infection results in profound pathological changes to LTs induced by persistent chronic immune activation and inflammation that leads to progressive collagen deposition and fibrosis disrupting and damaging the important FRC network. In this review, I focus on the process, mechanisms, and the implications of pathological damage to important secondary LTs, combining what we have learned from HIV‐infected individuals as well as the invaluable knowledge gained from studies in non‐human primate simian immunodeficiency virus infection models.
HIV controllers: a genetically determined or inducible phenotype?
Authors: Sáez‐Cirión Asier , Pancino Gianfranco 
Published: June 2013

SummaryLess than 0.5% of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1)‐infected patients maintain viral load below the threshold of detection by conventional assays for many years without antiretroviral therapy. These patients are known as HIV controllers (HICs) and offer a unique opportunity to explore and unravel efficient mechanisms of defense against HIV. An intense research effort has led to identifying viral and host factors that contribute to the control of viral replication. Although the host factors appear to be the primary determinants for HIV control, different genomic, transcriptomic, and immunological profiles have been described in HICs. This supports the existence of different mechanisms of control. We review here the most significant data in the field, including our own work, in the light of a crucial question: whether the ability to achieve and maintain the control of HIV replication is linked to genetic or immunological features specific to HIC or can be induced by vaccine or therapeutic approaches in the general population.
PRESS COVERAGE AND STOCK PRICE DEVIATION FROM FUNDAMENTAL VALUE
Authors: Chen Chia‐Wei , Pantzalis Christos , Park Jung Chul 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe find that excessively high levels of press coverage can significantly exaggerate stock price deviation from fundamental value. We show that being “in the news” a lot is associated with both greater liquidity and more information risk. When we examine signed mispricing, we find that the effect of abnormal press coverage is significant only for stocks with high relative valuations, consistent with the concurrent existences of media‐induced sentiment and media bias. Indeed, we uncover that the sentiment effect is attenuated when firms with low valuations receive heavy coverage in the local press.
Skeletal muscle mass reference curves for children and adolescents
Authors: McCarthy H. D. , Samani‐Radia D. , Jebb S. A. , Prentice A. M. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Skeletal muscle is considered a major site of insulin‐mediated glucose disposal and is thus a key tissue in whole‐body glucose homeostasis.
Low muscle mass and fitness is associated with metabolic risk and muscular strength is positively related to higher insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents.
The use of skeletal muscle mass measurement in surveillance has been constrained by the absence of normative data that identifies individuals across the age spectrum with high or low amount of skeletal muscle.
What this study adds
This study demonstrates that compartmental bioimpedance analysis provides a simple and non‐invasive method for assessing muscle‐to‐fat ratios in children.
Centile curves for appendicular skeletal muscle mass and fat‐free mass have been added to the suite of charts available for assessing growth and body composition across childhood and adolescence.
Muscle‐to‐fat ratio has been described and shows potential as an improved measure of metabolic risk.
BackgroundSkeletal muscle is key to motor development and represents a major metabolic end organ that aids glycaemic regulation.ObjectivesTo create gender‐specific reference curves for fat‐free mass (FFM) and appendicular (limb) skeletal muscle mass (SMMa) in children and adolescents. To examine the muscle‐to‐fat ratio in relation to body mass index (BMI) for age and gender.MethodsBody composition was measured by segmental bioelectrical impedance (BIA, Tanita BC418) in 1985 Caucasian children aged 5–18.8 years. Skeletal muscle mass data from the four limbs were used to derive smoothed centile curves and the muscle‐to‐fat ratio.ResultsThe centile curves illustrate the developmental patterns of %FFM and SMMa. While the %FFM curves differ markedly between boys and girls, the SMMa (kg), %SMMa and %SMMa/FFM show some similarities in shape and variance, together with some gender‐specific characteristics. Existing BMI curves do not reveal these gender differences. Muscle‐to‐fat ratio showed a very wide range with means differing between boys and girls and across fifths of BMI z‐score.ConclusionsBIA assessment of %FFM and SMMa represents a significant advance in nutritional assessment since these body composition components are associated with metabolic health. Muscle‐to‐fat ratio has the potential to provide a better index of future metabolic health.
Magnetic and Impedance Properties of Nanocomposite CoFe2O4/Co0.7Fe0.3 and Single‐Phase CoFe2O4 Prepared Via a One‐Step Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Zan Fenlian , Ma Yongqing , Ma Qian , Xu Yuanfeng , Dai Zhenxiang , Zheng Ganhong , Wu Mingzai , Li Guang 
Published: June 2013

Using a one‐step hydrothermal method and at different stirring speeds (Vs), we have synthesized different types of CoFe2O4‐based magnetic nanocrystalline samples. With increasing Vs, the sample changes from a nanocomposite of CoFe2O4/Co0.7Fe0.3 (CFO/CF) to single‐phase CoFe2O4 (CFO). The maximum magnetization, 88.9 emu/g, and coercivity, 3010 Oe, were obtained when Vs = 0. As Vs increases, the saturation magnetization Ms decreases, because the amount of soft magnetic CF phase decreases. A clear enhancement in the remanence, Mr, was observed, with the maximum Mr/Ms = 0.67; the coercivity Hc also exhibits a local maximum for the sample with Vs = 200 r/min. These trends can be explained well by the interplay between dipolar interaction, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and shape anisotropy. The stirring speed also influences the impedance of the materials; the related mechanism is discussed.
Mindfulness in nursing: an evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: White Lacie 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of mindfulness.BackgroundMindfulness is an emerging concept in health care that has significant implications for a variety of clinical populations. Nursing uses this concept in limited ways, and subsequently requires conceptual clarity to further identify its significance, use and applications in nursing.DesignMindfulness was explored using Rodgers evolutionary method of concept analysis.Data SourcesFor this analysis, a sample of 59 English theoretical and research‐based articles from the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database were obtained. The search was conducted between all‐inclusive years of the database, 1981–2012.Review MethodsData were analysed with particular focus on the attributes, antecedents, consequences, references and related terms that arose in relation to mindfulness in the nursing literature.ResultsThe analysis found five intricately connected attributes: mindfulness is a transformative process where one develops an increasing ability to ‘experience being present’, with ‘acceptance’, ‘attention’ and ‘awareness’. Antecedents, attributes and consequences appeared to inform and strengthen one another over time. Mindfulness is a significant concept for the discipline of nursing with practical applications for nurse well‐being, the development and sustainability of therapeutic nursing qualities and holistic health promotion.ConclusionIt is imperative that nurse well‐being and self‐care become a more prominent focus in nursing research and education. Further development of the concept of mindfulness could support this focus, particularly through rigorous qualitative methodologies.
Mass communication, social influence, and consumer behavior: two field experiments
Authors: Batinic Bernad , Appel Markus 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe present article connects advertising by means of mass communication with social influence processes. Predictions derived from a theoretical model on the impact of mass communication on consumers who were not directly exposed to the message (distant consumers) were tested with two field experiments (Experiment 1: n = 77 participants, n = 261 peers; Experiment 2: n = 97 participants, n = 289 peers). Both studies addressed consumer behavior in the media sector. The results suggest that mass communication changes the behavior of distant consumers, that recipients' opinion leadership enhances the indirect impact of mass communication, and that recipients' consumer behavior mediates the influence of mass communicated messages on distant consumers. The role of word‐of‐mouth is also examined.
Diversification patterns and processes of wingless endemic insects in the Mediterranean Basin: historical biogeography of the genus Blaps (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Condamine Fabien L. , Soldati Laurent , Clamens Anne‐Laure , Rasplus Jean‐Yves , Kergoat Gael J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimThe Mediterranean Basin (MB) is a species‐rich biogeographical region with many endemic taxa. We analysed the historical patterns of temporal and geographical diversification of Mediterranean Blaps (Tenebrionidae), a diverse group of flightless beetles, estimated their date of origin and colonization of the MB, and tracked temporal changes in diversification rates.LocationMediterranean Basin.MethodsWe reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Mediterranean Blaps using four mitochondrial genes and 47 morphological characters. Divergence‐time estimates were investigated with a Bayesian relaxed clock approach that was calibrated with both fossil and geological constraints. Biogeographical analyses were performed using the dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis likelihood model associated with a stratified palaeogeographical scenario. Diversification rate analyses allowed the investigation of diversity dynamics through time as well as rate shifts during major Cenozoic climate events.ResultsThe Bayesian relaxed clock analysis suggests that Blaps first appeared in the MB about 28 Ma. The most likely scenario is that Mediterranean Blaps originated in the Arabian and north‐east African regions and then dispersed progressively westwards and northwards, using temporary land bridges to colonize the northern shores of the MB. Island endemics are more likely to be the products of recent dispersals than of old vicariance events. Birth–death analyses suggest that diversification rates in the Miocene and Pliocene are consistent with a ‘museum model’, in which most of the extant diversity is best explained by a steady accumulation of lineages under constant diversification rates. Although major Cenozoic climatic events do not seem to have influenced the diversification of Mediterranean Blaps, a decrease in diversification rates was detected during the Pleistocene.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that Mediterranean Blaps lineages diversified between the Oligocene and the Pliocene, with current distribution patterns mostly accounted for by early vicariance and late dispersal events. Diversification rates were relatively constant through time, but decreased during Pleistocene glaciation cycles. This scenario may be applicable to other Mediterranean terrestrial animal taxa.
Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy with a Defibrillator: A Risk Factor for Mortality, Appropriate and Inappropriate Shocks
Authors: BOVEN NICK VAN , THEUNS DOMINIC , BOGAARD KJELL , RUITER JAAP , KIMMAN GEERT , BERMAN LILY , VAN DER PLOEG TJEERD , KARDYS ISABELLA , UMANS VICTOR 
Published: June 2013

Atrial Fibrillation in CRT‐DIntroductionKnowledge about predictive factors for mortality and (in)appropriate shocks in cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT‐D) should be available and updated to predict clinical outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 543 consecutive patients assigned to CRT‐D in 2 tertiary medical centers. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors for all‐cause mortality, appropriate and inappropriate shocks.ResultsMean follow‐up time was 3.2 (±1.8) years. A total of 110 (20%) patients died, 71 (13%) received ≥1 appropriate shocks, and 33 (6.1%) received ≥1 inappropriate shocks. No patients received a His bundle ablation and biventricular pacing percentage was not analyzed. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that a history of atrial fibrillation (AF) (HR 1.74 CI 1.06–2.86), higher creatinine (HR 1.12; CI 1.08–1.16), and a poorer left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HR 0.97; CI 0.94–1.01) independently predict all‐cause mortality. In the entire cohort, history of AF and secondary prevention were independent predictors of appropriate shocks and variables associated with inappropriate shocks were history of AF and QRS ≥150 milliseconds. In primary prevention patients, history of AF also predicted appropriate shocks as did ischemic cardiomyopathy and poorer LVEF. History of AF, QRS ≥150 milliseconds, and lower creatinine were associated with inappropriate shocks in this subgroup. Appropriate shocks increased mortality risk, but inappropriate shocks did not.ConclusionIn symptomatic CHF patients treated with CRT‐D, history of AF is an independent risk factor not only for mortality, but also for appropriate and inappropriate shocks. Further efforts in AF management may optimize the care in CRT‐D patients.
Preschool language profiles of children at family risk of dyslexia: continuities with specific language impairment
Authors: Nash Hannah M. , Hulme Charles , Gooch Debbie , Snowling Margaret J. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundChildren at family risk of dyslexia have been reported to show phonological deficits as well as broader language delays in the preschool years.MethodThe preschool language skills of 112 children at family risk of dyslexia (FR) at ages 3½ and 4½ were compared with those of children with SLI and typically developing (TD) controls.ResultsChildren at FR showed two different profiles: one third of the group resembled the children with SLI and scored poorly across multiple domains of language including phonology. As a group, the remaining children had difficulties on tasks tapping phonological skills at T1 and T2. At the individual level, we confirmed that some FR children had both phonological and broader oral language difficulties (compared with TD controls), some had only phonological difficulties and some appeared to be developing typically.ConclusionsWe have highlighted the early overlap between family risk of dyslexia and SLI. A family history of dyslexia carries an increased risk for SLI and the two disorders both show an increased incidence of phonological deficits which appear to a proximal risk factor for developing a reading impairment.
Admission hyperglycemia predicts poorer short‐ and long‐term outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Chen Pei‐Chi , Chua Su‐Kiat , Hung Huei‐Fong , Huang Chung‐Yen , Lin Chiu‐Mei , Lai Shih‐Ming , Chen Yen‐Ling , Cheng Jun‐Jack , Chiu Chiung‐Zuan , Lee Shih‐Huang , Lo Huey‐Ming , Shyu Kou‐Gi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionAdmission hyperglycemia is associated with poor outcome in patients with myocardial infarction. The present study evaluated the relationship between admission glucose level and other clinical variables in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Materials and MethodsThe 959 consecutive STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI were divided into five groups based on admission glucose levels of <100, 100–139, 140–189, 190–249 and ≥250 mg/dL. Their short‐ and long‐term outcomes were compared.ResultsHigher admission glucose levels were associated with significantly higher in‐hospital morbidity and mortality, the overall mortality rate at follow up, and the incidence of reinfarction or heart failure requiring admission or leading to mortality at follow up. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for in‐hospital morbidity, in‐hospital mortality, mortality at follow up and re‐infarction or heart failure or mortality at follow up of patients with admission glucose levels ≥190 mg/dL, compared with those with admission glucose levels <190 mg/dL, were 2.12 (1.3–3.4, P = 0.001), 2.74 (1.4–5.5, P = 0.004), 2.52 (1.2–5.1, P = 0.01) and 1.70 (1.03–2.8, P = 0.04), respectively. Previously non‐diabetic patients with admission glucose levels ≥250 mg/dL had significantly higher in‐hospital morbidity or mortality (44 vs 70%, P = 0.03). Known diabetic patients had higher rates of reinfarction, heart failure or mortality at follow up in the 100–139 mg/dL (8 vs 27%, P = 0.04) and 140–189 mg/dL (11 vs 26%, P = 0.02) groups.ConclusionsAdmission hyperglycemia, especially at glucose levels ≥190 mg/dL, is a predictor of poor prognosis in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.