bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo assembly and characterization of the skeletal muscle and electric organ transcriptomes of the African weakly electric fish Campylomormyrus compressirostris (Mormyridae, Teleostei)
Authors: Lamanna Francesco , Kirschbaum Frank , Tiedemann Ralph 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAfrican weakly electric fishes (Mormyridae) underwent an outstanding adaptive radiation (about 200 species), putatively owing to their ability to communicate through species‐specific weak electric signals. The electric organ discharge (EOD) is produced by muscle‐derived electrocytes organized in piles to form an electric organ. Despite the importance of this trait as a prezygotic isolation mechanism, genomic resources remained limited. We present here a first draft of the skeletal muscle and electric organ transcriptomes from the weakly electric fish species Campylomormyrus compressirostris, obtained using the Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing technology. Approximately 6.8 Gbp of cDNA sequence data were produced from both tissues, resulting in 57 268 109 raw reads for the skeletal muscle and 46 934 923 for the electric organ, and assembled de novo into 46 143 and 89 270 contigs, respectively. About 50% of both transcriptomes were annotated after protein databases search. The two transcriptomes show similar profiles in terms of Gene Ontology categories composition. We identified several candidate genes which are likely to play a central role in the production and evolution of the electric signal. For most of these genes, and for many other housekeeping genes, we were able to obtain the complete or partial coding DNA sequences (CDS), which can be used for the development of primers to be utilized in qRT‐PCR experiments. We present also the complete mitochondrial genome and compare it to those available from other weakly electric fish species. Additionally, we located 1671 SSR‐containing regions with their flanking sites and designed the relative primers. This study establishes a first step in the development of genomic tools aimed at understanding the role of electric communication during speciation.
Analysis of BIM (BCL‐2 like 11 gene) deletion polymorphism in Chinese non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Zhong Jia , Li Zheng‐Xiang , Zhao Jun , Duan Jian‐Chun , Bai Hua , An Tong‐Tong , Yang Xiao‐Dan , Wang Jie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundDrug resistance significantly weakens the efficacy of cancer treatment, and the BIM (also known as the BCL2L11 gene) deletion polymorphism has been identified as a potential biomarker for drug resistance. In this retrospective study, we included a total of 290 patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) and chemotherapy.MethodsThe BIM deletion polymorphism of each patient was detected by polymerase chain reaction. EGFR mutations were detected by denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography methods and the amplification refractory mutation system.ResultsThe BIM deletion polymorphism was detected in 45/290 (15.5%) Chinese NSCLC patients. No associations were observed between the BIM deletion and clinic‐pathologic characteristics of patients. The BIM deletion polymorphism was predictive of shorter progression‐free survival in Chinese patients with EGFR‐mutant adenocarcinoma and who were treated with EGFR‐TKIs (7.30 vs. 9.53 months, P = 0.034). Additionally, we found that the BIM deletion polymorphism was an effective predictor of short progression‐free survival in individuals with EGFR‐mutant NSCLC and treated with chemotherapy containing pemetrexed (3.32 vs. 5.30, P = 0.012) or second‐/beyond‐line chemotherapy containing taxanes (1.53 vs. 2.61 months, P = 0.025). The BIM deletion was not correlated with overall survival.ConclusionThe BIM deletion polymorphism occurs in 15.5% of Chinese NSCLC patients, and is a biomarker for resistance to TKIs and chemotherapy. However, BIM deletion was not a decisive factor in overall survival.
Primary choriocarcinoma in mediastinum with multiple lung metastases in a male patient: A case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Zhang Song , Gao Hui , Wang Xin‐an , Liang Bin , Li Dao‐wei , Shao Yang , Jiang Shu‐juan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPrimary choriocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor, particularly in men. The tumor, mostly found in the gastrointestinal system and mediastinum, often metastasizes early with poor therapeutic effects and prognosis. Herein, we present a male patient with primary mediastinum choriocarcinoma and widespread lung metastases. The disease progressed rapidly with little therapeutic effect from chemotherapy. The patient died of this disease 75 days after initial symptom presentations. Literature review found only 41 cases of primary choriocarcinoma reported in the mediastinum. This case highlights the importance of keeping primary choriocarcinoma in the differentials for mediastinum tumors in young men. Sex hormone testing is helpful to confirm diagnosis. Early biopsy should be performed to confirm pathologic diagnose, and early surgery and chemotherapy should be considered to improve the cure rate of this disease.
Age at First Drink, Drinking, Binge Drinking, and DSM‐5 Alcohol Use Disorder Among Hispanic National Groups in the United States
Authors: Caetano Raul , Mills Britain A. , Vaeth Patrice A. C. , Reingle Jennifer 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundThis article examines age at first drink and adult drinking, binge drinking and DSM‐5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) among U.S. Hispanic national groups.MethodsRespondents come from 2 independent studies. The Hispanic Americans Baseline Alcohol Survey used a multistage cluster sample design to interview 5,224 individuals 18 years of age and older selected from the household population in Miami, New York, Philadelphia, Houston, and Los Angeles. Respondents in the border area (N = 1,307) constituted a household probability sample of Mexican Americans living on U.S. counties that border Mexico. In both surveys, data were collected during computer‐assisted interviews conducted in respondents’ homes. The Hispanic American Baseline Alcohol Survey and the border sample response rates were 76 and 67%, respectively.ResultsU.S.‐born Hispanics begin drinking at a younger age than those who are foreign‐born, independent of national group. Among foreign‐born Hispanics, age of arrival in the United States is not associated with age at first drink. Results support the hypothesis that a younger age at first drink is associated with a higher mean volume of drinking, a higher probability of bingeing, and a higher probability of DSM‐5 AUD. But the results do not show a clear pattern by which a particular national group would consistently show no associations or stronger associations between age at first drink and the alcohol‐related outcomes under consideration.ConclusionsAn earlier age at first drinking is positively associated with heavier drinking patterns among U.S. Hispanics. However, as in other areas of alcohol epidemiology, here too there is considerable variation in age at first drink and drinking across Hispanic national groups.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 in Alcoholics: Support for a Neuroinflammatory Model of Chronic Alcoholism
Authors: Umhau John C. , Schwandt Melanie , Solomon Matthew G. , Yuan Peixiong , Nugent Allison , Zarate Carlos A. , Drevets Wayne C. , Hall Samuel D. , George David T. , Heilig Markus 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundLiver inflammation in alcoholism has been hypothesized to influence the development of a neuroinflammatory process in the brain characterized by neurodegeneration and altered cognitive function. Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1/chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (MCP‐1/CCL2) elevations have been noted in the alcoholic brain at autopsy and may have a role in this process.MethodsWe studied cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of MCP‐1 as well as interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α in 13 healthy volunteers and 28 alcoholics during weeks 1 and 4 following detoxification. Serum liver enzymes were obtained as markers of alcohol‐related liver inflammation.ResultsCompared to healthy volunteers, MCP‐1 levels were significantly higher in alcoholics both on day 4 and day 25 (p < 0.0001). Using multiple regression analysis, we found that MCP‐1 concentrations were positively associated with the liver enzymes gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT; p = 0.03) and aspartate aminotransferase/glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST/GOT; p = 0.004).ConclusionsThese preliminary findings are consistent with the hypothesis that neuroinflammation as indexed by CSF MCP‐1 is associated with alcohol‐induced liver inflammation, as defined by peripheral concentrations of GGT and AST/GOT.
Understanding the mechanisms behind road effects: linking occurrence with road mortality in owls
Authors: Grilo C. , Reto D. , Filipe J. , Ascensão F. , Revilla E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSeveral studies suggest that species' mortality rates are positively related with local population abundances. Because owls have shown both high road mortality rates and road avoidance behaviours, we hypothesize that road‐kill likelihood is not always directly linked to their occurrence. In this study, we examined the relationship between the likelihood of species occurrence in the vicinity of major roads and the road‐kill risk for barn owls Tyto alba, tawny owls Strix aluco and little owls Athene noctua. Specifically, we address: (1) the role of road‐related features on spatial patterns of species' occurrence and road kills; (2) the composition of road kills and their distribution throughout the year; (3) the relationship between species' occurrence likelihood and mortality risk. Our findings show that changes in movement patterns is probably the main behavioural mechanism that threatens owls in roaded landscapes. The high mortality risk of barn owls in autumn and winter seasons, after the peak of dispersal period, provides support for the hypotheses of expanding movements because of lack of food. However, mortality because of high occurrence likelihood seems to also explain tawny owls' response towards roads. The high occurrence likelihood of little owls combined with low mortality rate also suggests avoidance of road crossings. Although, it is clear that within species there is variation according to age‐ and territory‐holding status, closely related species have different sensitivities to roads as a function of their varying food preferences. We believe that linking species distribution with mortality risk may be more effective in focus conservation efforts. Therefore, we suggest measures should be applied to reduce prey availability close to roads and in road verges. This is particularly important for barn owls, for which foraging in the vicinity of roads during the cold season is especially risky.
Effects of depressive symptoms on antecedents of lapses during a smoking cessation attempt: an ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Brodbeck Jeannette , Bachmann Monica S. , Brown Anna , Znoj Hans Joerg 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimsTo investigate pathways through which momentary negative affect and depressive symptoms affect risk of lapse during smoking cessation attempts.DesignEcological momentary assessment was carried out during 2 weeks after an unassisted smoking cessation attempt. A 3‐month follow‐up measured smoking frequency.SettingData were collected via mobile devices in German‐speaking Switzerland.ParticipantsA total of 242 individuals (age 20–40, 67% men) reported 7112 observations.MeasurementsOnline surveys assessed baseline depressive symptoms and nicotine dependence. Real‐time data on negative affect, physical withdrawal symptoms, urge to smoke, abstinence‐related self‐efficacy and lapses.FindingsA two‐level structural equation model suggested that on the situational level, negative affect increased the urge to smoke and decreased self‐efficacy (β = 0.20; β = −0.12, respectively), but had no direct effect on lapse risk. A higher urge to smoke (β = 0.09) and lower self‐efficacy (β = −0.11) were confirmed as situational antecedents of lapses. Depressive symptoms at baseline were a strong predictor of a person's average negative affect (β = 0.35, all P < 0.001). However, the baseline characteristics influenced smoking frequency 3 months later only indirectly, through influences of average states on the number of lapses during the quit attempt.ConclusionsControlling for nicotine dependence, higher depressive symptoms at baseline were associated strongly with a worse longer‐term outcome. Negative affect experienced during the quit attempt was the only pathway through which the baseline depressive symptoms were associated with a reduced self‐efficacy and increased urges to smoke, all leading to the increased probability of lapses.
Egg mortality in the pine processionary moth: habitat diversity, microclimate and predation effects
Authors: Castagneyrol Bastien , Jactel Hervé , Charbonnier Yohan , Barbaro Luc , Dulaurent‐Mercadal Anne‐Maïmiti 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Little is known about the relative effect of different mortality factors triggering the population dynamics of outbreaking Lepidoptera (e.g. climate, natural enemies, habitat diversity), especially at the egg stage.
The presence of broadleaved hedgerows bordering pine stands has been shown to reduce infestation by Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, Lepidoptera). This effect of habitat diversity has been proposed to result from the disruption of visual and chemical cues that the female moth uses to locate its host. In the present study, we further hypothesized that egg mortality was higher behind broadleaved hedgerows because of higher predation or parasitism, or as a result of harsher microclimatic conditions.
A total of 120 egg masses obtained from laboratory rearing were exposed under three exclusion treatments (large predators, predators and parasitoids, no exclusion). Overall egg mortality was 35%. Predation was the main cause of mortality (22%). Mortality as a result of abiotic factors (abortion) was only 12%. Almost no parasitoids were observed.
Overall mortality did not differ between pines bordered (or not) by deciduous hedgerows, nor did mortality differ as a result of predation or abortion.
Despite an important contribution of predation to mortality in T. pityocampa eggs, the effect of deciduous hedgerows on tree infestation by this pest is more likely to result from disruption of female moth behaviour than from differential mortality.
Social vulnerability to climate‐induced natural disasters: Cross‐provincial evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Rubin Olivier 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper conducts an analysis of the socioeconomic determinants of Vietnam's cross‐provincial variations in natural disaster vulnerability. The purpose is twofold: (i) to capture disaggregated vulnerability variations normally obscured by national statistics, thereby providing more nuanced insights into Vietnam's vulnerability to natural disasters; and (ii) to take advantage of the fact that the overall political system and key institutional structures to a large extent are constant across Vietnam's provinces, which makes the analysis a novel addition to the many disaster studies based on cross‐national variations. The paper's analysis indicates that much of Vietnam's cross‐provincial variations in natural disaster fatalities and economic costs can be explained by differences in key socioeconomic factors. High provincial rates of inequality, poverty and infant mortality, for instance, appear to drive up natural disaster fatalities. Local adaptation efforts should focus as much on these broader socioeconomic dimensions as they focus on the geophysical susceptibility to natural hazards of individual areas.
Land/seascapes of exclusion: The new colonial project
Authors: Ryks John Leo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper describes how the transformation of coastal New Zealand is directly connected to the dislocation and marginalisation of many Māori coastal communities. It focuses on how this transformation is played out in text and talk and how certain types of boundaries function as important determinants in the construction and social order of coastal New Zealand. The high value and demand placed on specific, accessible ‘cadastral’ parcels of private coastal property dictates that much of New Zealand's coast is mapped according to constructs of wealth and desirability. In other parts of the country where development pressures on the coast are less prevalent, coastal communities are less evidently connected to markers of affluence and/or ‘whiteness’. In these less disciplined spaces, uncertainty and liminality is more influential in the making of coastal places. Through an analysis of interviews with coastal planners and residents of coastal communities it is revealed that particular hegemonies, through the discourses they produce, attempt to assert a particular socio‐spatial epistemology on counter‐hegemonic groups in an effort to develop and manage the coast. Communities that revealed an alternative social ordering are described as messy and difficult to manage, while other coastal communities are marketed as exclusive, where model residents inhabit model places.
Chinese urban migrants' sense of place: Emotional attachment, identity formation, and place dependence in the city and community ofGuangzhou
Authors: Qian Junxi , Zhu Hong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we study urban migrants' sense of place inGuangzhou,China, focusing on the structural relations between place attachment, identification and dependence as the three key place dimensions. Through both quantitative structural equation modelling and qualitative analysis of in‐depth interviews data, our research suggests that migrants' sense of place demonstrates complex relationships between the three registers of emotional attachment, identity formation and functional dependence. The construction of sense of place is also related to the personal experiences of living as urban ‘outsiders’. Our research also reveals a striking difference between the city and community levels in terms of the ways in which migrants' sense of place is constructed. Urban migrants tend to exploit the functional utilities of microscopic urban spaces to meet their demands for recreation, education and socialisation. On the other hand, their sense of place to the city is largely compromised by their attachment to the hometown and conditioned by their personal identification to the city.
A Nationwide Study of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Drug Use among Adults in Iceland 2003–2012
Authors: Geirs Drifa Palin , Pottegård Anton , Halldórsson Matthías , Zoëga Helga 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this study, we leveraged on complete nationwide prescription data for the total adult population in Iceland (N = 227,000) to examine how attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drugs have been used over the past decade. In particular, we aimed to describe the prevalence, incidence and duration of use of stimulants and atomoxetine, among adults (≥19 years) in Iceland, with regard to sex, age, type of drug and specialty of the prescribing physician. Our results indicate that the 1‐year period prevalence of ADHD drug use rose, from 2.9 to 12.2 per 1000 adults between 2003 and 2012, with the most pronounced increases among young adults (19–24 years). The annual incidence increased 3 times, similarly among men and women. Extended‐release methylphenidate formulations were the most commonly used ADHD drugs. Specialists in psychiatry initiated treatment in 79% of new adult ADHD drug users. The proportion of users still receiving treatment after 1 year varied from 43.0% (19–24 years), 57.2% (25–49 years) to 47.5% (50+ years). After 3 years, the corresponding proportions still on treatment were 12.4%, 24.5% and 24.3%, and after 5 years 7.9%, 15.9% and 16.8%. These results of increasing ADHD drug use and short treatment durations call for further investigation of the quality of treatment regimens for adults with ADHD and better follow‐up of patients treated with ADHD drugs.
The Impact of NSAID Treatment on Cardiovascular Risk – Insight from Danish Observational Data
Authors: Schjerning Olsen Anne‐Marie , Fosbøl Emil L. , Gislason Gunnar H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis MiniReview describes the present evidence for the relationship between cardiovascular risk and use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with special focus using Danish register‐based data. NSAIDs are among the most widely used drugs worldwide and mainly used for management of pain and inflammatory conditions. Through the past decade, much attention has been given to the cardiovascular safety of these drugs, and several studies have shown increased risk of adverse cardiovascular effects associated with NSAID use. Current guidelines discourage any use of NSAIDs in patients with cardiovascular disease, yet over a period of 8–10 years, 35–44% of patients with myocardial infarction or heart failure were exposed to NSAIDs in Denmark. Furthermore, NSAID use was associated with an increased risk of death or myocardial infarction by up to 5 times that of non‐users. There was also a clear indication for a dose‐related response in risk associated with NSAID therapy, supporting a causal association. Notably, the cardiovascular risk associated with NSAID treatment was prevalent at start of treatment, suggesting no safe treatment window for NSAIDs in patients with cardiovascular disease. Thus, evidence from observational studies is accumulating, suggesting that NSAIDs are a major public health concern due to the widespread use of these drugs. Although it seems unlikely that we can completely avoid use of NSAIDs, even among high‐risk patients, these results highlight the importance of balancing the benefit versus the risk of treatment before initiating NSAID treatment.
Ethical and privacy principles for learning analytics
Authors: Pardo Abelardo , Siemens George 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe massive adoption of technology in learning processes comes with an equally large capacity to track learners. Learning analytics aims at using the collected information to understand and improve the quality of a learning experience. The privacy and ethical issues that emerge in this context are tightly interconnected with other aspects such as trust, accountability and transparency. In this paper, a set of principles is identified to narrow the scope of the discussion and point to pragmatic approaches to help design and research learning experiences where important ethical and privacy issues are considered.
Organizational respect dampens the impact of group‐based relative deprivation on willingness to protest pay cuts
Authors: Osborne Danny , Huo Yuen J. , Smith Heather J. 
Published: April 2014

Although group‐based relative deprivation predicts people's willingness to protest unfair outcomes, perceiving that one's subgroup is respected increases employees' support for organizations. An integration of these perspectives suggests that subgroup respect will dampen the impact of group‐based relative deprivation on workers' responses to unfair organizational outcomes. We examined this hypothesis among university faculty (N = 804) who underwent a system‐wide pay cut. As expected, group‐based relative deprivation predicted protest intentions. This relationship was, however, muted among those who believed university administrators treated their area of expertise (i.e., their subgroup) with a high (vs. low) level of respect. Moderated mediation analyses confirmed that group‐based relative deprivation had a conditional indirect effect on protest intentions via participants' (dis)identification with their university at low to moderate, but not high, levels of subgroup respect. Our finding that satisfying relational needs can attenuate responses to group‐based relative deprivation demonstrates the benefits of integrating insights from distinct research traditions.