bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and evaluation of acrylated epoxidized castor oil‐toughened diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A nanocomposites
Authors: Paluvai Nagarjuna Reddy , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCastor oil‐based epoxy monomer was prepared using a two‐step approach: epoxidation of castor oil, followed by acrylation of epoxidized castor oil. A bio‐based diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy nanocomposites was prepared by the incorporation of organo‐modified montmorillonite (OMMT) clay to the DGEBA/AECO system. The cured bio‐based DGEBA epoxy nanocomposites at 0.80:0.2:0.001 g/g exhibited higher tensile strength (56 MPa), tensile modulus (1933 MPa), flexural strength (132 MPa), flexural modulus (2518 MPa), elongation (23.1 %), and impact strength (34 kJ/m2). The nanocomposites at 0.6:0.4:0.001 g/g can easily bend up to 360° without any damage; similarly, the 0.8:0.2:0.001 g/g system can bend up to 180°. Thermal behaviour of the bio‐based epoxy systems was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The obtained nanocomposites displayed a higher char yield (8.9 %) at 700 °C and glass transition temperature (108 °C) than the DGEBA/AECO systems. Further SEM analysis was used to study the morphological changes in the fractured surfaces of bio‐based epoxy systems, which reveals that crack propagation decreases with addition of AECO to the DGEBA epoxy system.
MS Binding Assays for D1and D5Dopamine Receptors
Authors: Neiens Patrick , Höfner Georg , Wanner Klaus Theodor 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMS Binding Assays are a label‐free alternative to radioligand binding assays. They provide basically the same capabilities as the latter, but an unlabeled reporter ligand is used instead of a radioligand. The study presented herein describes the development of MS Binding Assays that address D1and D5dopamine receptors. A highly sensitive, rapid and robust LC–ESI‐MS/MS quantification method for the selective D1dopamine receptor antagonist SCH23390 ((5R)‐8‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrahydro‐3‐benzazepin‐7‐ol) was established and validated, using its 8‐bromo analogue SKF83566 as an internal standard. This quantification method proved to be suitable for the characterization of SCH23390 binding to human D1and D5receptors. Following the concept of MS Binding Assays, saturation experiments for D1and D5receptors were performed, as well as competition experiments for D1receptors. The results obtained are in good agreement with results from radioligand binding assays and therefore indicate that the established MS Binding Assays addressing D1and D5receptors are well‐suited substitutes for radioligand binding assays, the technique that has so far dominated affinity determinations toward these targets.
Postsynthesis‐Treated Iron‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks as Selective Catalysts for the Sustainable Synthesis of Nitriles
Authors: Rapeyko Anastasia , Climent Maria J. , Corma Avelino , Concepción Patricia , Iborra Sara 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe dehydration of aldoximes to the corresponding nitriles can be performed with excellent activity and selectivity by using iron trimesate as a homogeneous catalyst. Iron trimesate has been heterogenized by synthesizing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) from iron trimesate, that is, Fe(BTC), and MIL‐100 (Fe). These materials were active and selective aldoxime dehydration catalysts, and postsynthesis‐treated MIL‐100 (Fe) produced the desired nitriles with 100 % conversion and selectivities >90 % under mild reaction conditions and in short reaction times. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the presence of different Fe species in the catalyst, and in situ IR spectroscopy combined with catalytic results indicates that the catalytic activity is associated with Fe framework species. The postsynthesis‐treated MIL‐100 (Fe)‐NH4F can be recycled several times and has an excellent reaction scope, which gives better catalytic results than other solid acid or base catalysts.
Disentangling host, pathogen, and environmental determinants of a recently emerged wildlife disease: lessons from the first 15 years of amphibian chytridiomycosis research
Authors: James Timothy Y. , Toledo L. Felipe , Rödder Dennis , da Silva Leite Domingos , Belasen Anat M. , Betancourt‐Román Clarisse M. , Jenkinson Thomas S. , Soto‐Azat Claudio , Lambertini Carolina , Longo Ana V. , Ruggeri Joice , Collins James P. , Burrowes Patricia A. , Lips Karen R. , Zamudio Kelly R. , Longcore Joyce E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe amphibian fungal disease chytridiomycosis, which affects species across all continents, recently emerged as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Yet, many aspects of the basic biology and epidemiology of the pathogen,Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd), are still unknown, such as when and from where didBdemerge and what is its true ecological niche? Here, we review the ecology and evolution ofBdin the Americas and highlight controversies that make this disease so enigmatic. We explore factors associated with variance in severity of epizootics focusing on the disease triangle of host susceptibility, pathogen virulence, and environment. Reevaluating the causes of the panzootic is timely given the wealth of data onBdprevalence across hosts and communities and the recent discoveries suggesting co‐evolutionary potential of hosts andBd. We generate a new species distribution model forBdin the Americas based on over 30,000 records and suggest a novel future research agenda. Instead of focusing on pathogen “hot spots,” we need to identify pathogen “cold spots” so that we can better understand what limits the pathogen's distribution. Finally, we introduce the concept of “the Ghost of Epizootics Past” to discuss expected patterns in postepizootic host communities.
Crystal Structure, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Compounds in the RCrMnO5 Family (R = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho and Er) Synthesized Under High Oxygen Pressure
Authors: Pomiro Fernando , Lohr Javier , Miner Elisa V. Pannunzio , Nassif Vivian , Sánchez Rodolfo D. , Carbonio Raúl E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRCrMnO5 (R = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, and Er) were synthesized at high O2 pressures and 900–950 °C. Crystal structures were refined by using powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and powder neutron diffraction (PND) for Tb, Ho, and Er compounds and PXRD for Sm, Eu and Gd compounds. All compounds were isostructural with RMn2O5. By using the bond‐valence model we found that (Cr/Mn)4+ mainly occupy the octahedral sites and (Cr/Mn)3+ occupy the pyramidal sites. Antisite disorder between octahedral and pyramidal sites was found in the three samples analyzed by PND. From the values obtained for the occupancies of Cr and Mn in the pyramidal and octahedral sites and from the approximate average oxidation states for each crystallographic site obtained by the bond‐valence calculations, an estimated ionic distribution model was proposed. The μeff value for RCrMnO5 could be explained by considering the contribution of all the paramagnetic species and by using the ionic distribution model. No magnetic long‐range order was observed by PND in R = Er, Ho, and Tb compounds. All the Curie–Weiss temperatures obtained from the magnetic susceptibility were negative (θ < 0), indicating antiferromagnetic correlations. For the compounds with Eu and Sm, θ close to –200 K were obtained for the Cr–Mn sublattice. The semiconducting properties could be described by a variable range hopping mechanism associated with antisite disorder of Cr/Mn. No dielectric transitions were observed in the electric permittivity in the measured temperature range.
On the Role of Chalcogen Donor Atoms in Diimine‐Dichalcogenolate PtII SONLO Chromophores: Is It Worth Replacing Sulfur with Selenium?
Authors: Pintus Anna , Aragoni M. Carla , Isaia Francesco , Lippolis Vito , Lorcy Dominique , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek , Arca Massimiliano 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTwo new diimine‐diselenolate PtII chromophores [Pt(bipy)(Me‐dset)] (1) and [Pt(phen)(Me‐dset)] (2) (Me‐dset2– = N‐methyl‐2‐thioxothiazoline‐4,5‐diselenolate) were synthesized and characterized. The effect of replacing sulfur with selenium was investigated by comparing the UV/Vis spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of 1 and 2 with those of the corresponding sulfur analogues, [Pt(bipy)(Me‐dmet)] (3) and [Pt(phen)(Me‐dmet)] (4), with a particular focus on their linear and nonlinear optical properties.
Leveraging high‐throughput technology to accelerate the time to clinic: A case study of a mAb
Authors: Siva Sethu , Zhang An , Koepf Edward , Conley Lynn , Cecchini Doug , Huang Yao‐Ming , Kshirsagar Rashmi , Ryll Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Acceleration of development timelines to support material production for early‐phase clinical trials has been a continuous goal within the life sciences industry, driven largely by the need to advance an ever increasing number of novel therapeutics into the clinic. This has challenged cell culture and purification development groups to become more efficient, realized in part by leveraging a platform process in the case of mAbs, adopting high‐throughput (HT) technologies, and scaling‐up directly from the HT formats to pilot and clinical scales for toxicology and clinical production. The work presented herein focuses on a case study where a mammalian cell culture process producing mAb A was developed almost exclusively utilizing HT technology. The study describes how HT systems such as microbioreactors for cell culture development and minicolumns driven by robotics for purification development were integrated to rapidly develop a robust production process that was then directly scaled‐up nearly 17 000‐fold for cell culture and 5200‐fold for purification steps to generate material for investigational new drug‐enabling toxicology studies at the 250 L bioreactor scale, followed by another rapid scale‐up to 1000 L for clinical production. Performance comparability across scales demonstrates the effectiveness of HT process development for accelerating the time to clinic.
Measurement and Intervention on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviours in Bariatric Surgery Patients: Emphasis on Mobile Technology
Authors: Bond Dale S. , Thomas J. Graham 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB—i.e. activities involving low‐energy expenditure and a sitting/reclining posture) may each have significant implications for weight loss and other bariatric surgery outcomes. While early studies suggested that patients typically comply with clinical recommendations to adopt habitual PA, these data were based on retrospective questionnaires. Conversely, recent studies incorporating mobile health (mHealth) technologies (e.g. objective monitors), which assess PA and SB in real time and in the natural environment, show that most patients are inactive and highly sedentary pre‐operatively and only make modest changes in these behaviours postoperatively. In addition to using mHealth technologies for obtaining accurate and detailed information on PA and SB, they are increasingly being employed to intervene on patients' PA and SB and/or evaluate intervention outcomes. Researchers and clinicians are encouraged to consider the benefits of using mHealth technology when studying and treating PA and SB in bariatric surgery patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Copper and nickel effects on survival and growth of northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) tadpoles in field-collected smelting effluent water
Authors: Leduc Joël , Echaubard Pierre , Trudeau Vance , Lesbarrères David 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Trace metals can have subtle yet chronic impacts on organisms by inducing physiological stress that reduces their survival or impedes their ability to tolerate additional environmental stressors. The toxicity literature indicates, however, that aquatic organisms react differently to trace metals depending on the environments in which they reside. The objective of the present study was to understand the response of northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) larvae to ionic copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and their combination within an effluent water collected downstream of a tailings wetland area. Tadpoles were assigned randomly to 1 of 8 Cu concentrations (8–200 μg/L), 7 Ni concentrations (160–1200 μg/L), or 8 Cu and Ni combined concentrations (8:160–200:1200 μg/L) and showed significant differences in survival and life history traits among treatments. In the Cu and Cu and Ni combined treatments, tadpole survival decreased with increased Cu exposure starting at Cu = 160 μg/L and in the Ni treatment, tadpole survival decreased with increased Ni exposure starting at Ni = 650 μg/L. All Cu-exposed treatments induced a growth increase as the concentration increased, whereas the tadpoles showed a significant decrease in growth rate in Ni treatments. These contrasting outcomes suggest a plastic response to trace metals whereby tadpoles allocate energy reserves toward either escaping or coping with stress. Finally, the authors' argue that future studies will benefit from examining the impacts of multiple stressors in aquatic ecosystems to provide better environmental mitigation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:687–694. © 2015 SETAC
An efficient WENO limiter for discontinuous Galerkin transport scheme on the cubed sphere
Authors: Guo Wei , Nair Ramachandran D. , Zhong Xinghui 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe discontinuous Galerkin (DG) transport scheme is becoming increasingly popular in the atmospheric modeling due to its distinguished features, such as high‐order accuracy and high‐parallel efficiency. Despite the great advantages, DG schemes may produce unphysical oscillations in approximating transport equations with discontinuous solution structures including strong shocks or sharp gradients. Nonlinear limiters need to be applied to suppress the undesirable oscillations and enhance the numerical stability. It is usually very difficult to design limiters to achieve both high‐order accuracy and non‐oscillatory properties and even more challenging for the cubed‐sphere geometry. In this paper, a simple and efficient limiter based on the weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) methodology is incorporated in the DG transport framework on the cubed sphere. The uniform high‐order accuracy of the resulting scheme is maintained because of the high‐order nature of WENO procedures. Unlike the classic WENO limiter, for which the wide halo region may significantly impede parallel efficiency, the simple limiter requires only the information from the nearest neighboring elements without degrading the inherent high‐parallel efficiency of the DG scheme. A bound‐preserving filter can be further coupled in the scheme that guarantees the highly desirable positivity‐preserving property for the numerical solution. The resulting scheme is high‐order accurate, non‐oscillatory, and positivity preserving for solving transport equations based on the cubed‐sphere geometry. Extensive numerical results for several benchmark spherical transport problems are provided to demonstrate good results, both in accuracy and in non‐oscillatory performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient semi‐implicit subgrid method for free‐surface flows on hierarchical grids
Authors: Platzek F. W. , Stelling G. S. , Jankowski J. A. , Patzwahl R. , Pietrzak J. D. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYWe present a new modelling strategy for improving the efficiency of computationally intensive flow problems in environmental free‐surface flows. The approach combines a recently developed semi‐implicit subgrid method with a hierarchical grid solution strategy. The method allows the incorporation of high‐resolution data on subgrid scale to obtain a more accurate and efficient hydrodynamic model. The subgrid method improves the efficiency of the hierarchical grid method by providing better solutions on coarse grids. The method is applicable to both steady and unsteady flows, but we particularly focus on river flows with steady boundary conditions. There, the combined hierarchical grid–subgrid method reduces the computational effort to obtain a steady state with factors up to 43. For unsteady models, the method can be used for efficiently generating accurate initial conditions on high‐resolution grids. Additionally, the method provides automatic insight in grid convergence. We demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the method using a schematic test for the vortex shedding around a circular cylinder and a real‐world river case study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signal Diffusion Mapping: Optimal Forecasting with Time‐Varying Lags
Authors: Gaskell Paul , McGroarty Frank , Tiropanis Thanassis 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe introduce a new methodology for forecasting, which we call signal diffusion mapping. Our approach accommodates features of real‐world financial data which have been ignored historically in existing forecasting methodologies. Our method builds upon well‐established and accepted methods from other areas of statistical analysis. We develop and adapt those models for use in forecasting. We also present tests of our model on data in which we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Window on the Past
Authors: Unterstell Rembert 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFor more than 35 years, Christian II, Prince of Anhalt‐Bernburg kept a diary which paints a vivid picture of everyday life far from the great battlefields of the Thirty Years War. Now this extraordinary personal testimony is being digitally published as part of a long‐term project to provide a new research instrument and a laboratory for the digital humanities.
Standsicherheitsnachweis in der tiefen Gleitfuge unter Berücksichtigung von Strömungskräften
Authors: Berhane Gebreselassie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIm Beitrag wird die Auswirkung einer Strömungskraft, die sich infolge einer Grundwasserabsenkung hinter einer durchlässigen Verbauwand ergibt, auf den Nachweis der tiefen Gleitfuge behandelt. Die genannte Belastungssituation lässt sich zurzeit mit gängigen EDV‐Programmen im Zusammenhang mit dem Nachweis der tiefen Gleitfuge nicht abbilden. Die Fachliteratur behandelt dieses Thema nur lückenhaft. Des Öfteren liegen die Grundwasserabsenkkurven außerhalb des aktiven Gleitkeils der Verbauwände, jedoch innerhalb des für den Nachweis der tiefen Gleitfuge zu betrachtenden Gleitkörpers. In der Praxis wird in solchen Fällen die erforderliche Ankerlänge häufig unter Berücksichtigung des nicht abgesenkten Grundwasserspiegels ermittelt. Anhand von praktischen Beispielen (geschichteter Untergrund, mehrfach rückverankerter Verbau) wird gezeigt, dass die so ermittelten Ankerlängen nicht zwangsläufig auf der sicheren Seite liegen. Ein Nachweiskonzept zur Berücksichtigung der Strömungskräfte wurde im Technischen Büro Tiefbau der Zentralen Technik, Ed. Züblin AG, bodenmechanisch abgeleitet und findet aktuell Anwendung bei Ausführungsprojekten.Overall stability of anchored walls using sliding block method with due consideration of flow forces. The paper presents the effect of additional groundwater flow forces that arise as a result of lowering of ground water behind a permeable retaining wall on the overall stability based on the sliding block method. This load situation cannot be solved with current computer programs for the overall stability analysis. The literature also deals with this topic very scarcely. Depending on the permeability of the underground, the groundwater table after drawdown may lie outside the active sliding wedge of a retaining wall, but within the sliding block to be considered for the overall stability of an anchored wall. In such case, the required anchor length is usually calculated in practice assuming a full groundwater table before drawdown. On the basis of practical examples (multi‐anchored walls in a multi‐layered underground), the article shows that the anchor length determined in such a way may not necessarily lie on the safe side. A concept to account for the groundwater flow forces in the overall stability (sliding block method) has been developed for anchored walls in the geotechnical department of the Zentrale Technik, Ed. Züblin AG. The approach is currently used in practical projects and is presented in detail in the following.
Langzeitkontrolle der Sicherungsmaßnahmen der Sonderabfalldeponie Malsch
Authors: Dietzel Fred , Lächler Walter , Mergelsberg Werner , Unterweger Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNachdem in den 1980er‐Jahren im Vorland der Sonderabfalldeponie Malsch in erheblichem Umfang Umweltschäden aufgetreten waren, wurde die Deponie in den Jahren 1992 bis 1995 gesichert. Dazu wurden ein Dränagesystem, eine vollständige Umschließung mittels Dichtwand und eine Oberflächenabdichtung hergestellt.Von Beginn an war es das Ziel, die dauerhafte Wirksamkeit der Sicherungsmaßnahmen zu kontrollieren. In diesem Beitrag werden die einzelnen Sicherungsmaßnahmen und die zugehörigen Kontrollsysteme kurz erläutert. Detailliert wird auf die Ergebnisse der direkten und indirekten Kontrollen der Dichtwand mittels geophysikalischer Messungen eingegangen. Dabei werden sowohl die Messungen zur Überprüfung der Dichtwand selbst (Mise‐à‐la‐masse) als auch die Messungen zum Nachweis von Veränderungen der Schadstoffbelastung im Vorland durch Widerstandsmessungen sowie durch Messung der Polarisation vorgestellt und in ihrer Aussagekraft bewertet. Daneben wird auch auf die Entwicklung der Sickerwassermengen über die Jahre eingegangen sowie das Setzungsverhalten der Deponie aufgezeigt. Abschließend werden die gewählten Verfahren zur langfristigen Kontrolle der Sicherheitssysteme bei dieser Deponie bewertet.Long‐term monitoring of the safeguards of the hazardous waste dump Malsch. After significant environmental damage had occurred in the 1980s in the berm of the hazardous waste landfill Malsch, the dump underwent remediation between 1992 and 1995. For this purpose, a leachate collection drain system, a complete enclosure by means of a cut‐off wall and a sealing cover were constructed.From the outset the objective was to control the permanent effectiveness of protective measures. In this paper, the individual protective measures and associated control systems are briefly explained. The results of the direct and indirect controls of the sealing wall by means of geophysical measurements are discussed in detail. Both the measurements to verify the cut‐off wall itself (mise‐à‐la‐masse) and the measurements for the detection of changes in the pollution in the berm by means of resistance and polarization measurements are presented and their significance assessed. Furthermore, the development of the leachate volume over the years is addressed and the settlement behaviour of the landfill highlighted. The chosen method for the long‐term control of the safety systems are finally evaluated at this landfill in the article.