bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Response Shift in Training Evaluation
Authors: Piwowar Valentina , Thiel Felicitas 
Published: August 2014

Background: Response shift (RS) can threaten the internal validity of pre–post designs. As RS may indicate a redefinition of the target construct, its occurrence in training evaluation is rather likely. The most common approach to deal with RS is to implement a retrospective pretest (then-test) instead of the traditional pre-test. In health psychology, an adapted measurement invariance approach (MIad) was developed as an alternative technique to study RS. Results produced by identifying RS with the two approaches were rarely studied simultaneously or within an experimental framework. Objectives: To study RS in two different treatment conditions and compare results produced by both techniques in identifying various types of RS. We further studied validity aspects of the then-test. Research Design: We evaluated RS by applying the then-test procedure (TP) and the measurement invariance apporach MIad within an experimental design: Participants either attended a short-term or a long-term classroom management training program. Subjects: Participants were 146 student teachers in their first year of master’s study. Measures: Pre (before training), post, and then self-ratings (after training) on classroom management knowledge were administered. Results: Results indicated that the two approaches do not yield the same results. The MIad identified more and also group-specific RS as opposed to the findings of the TP, which found less and only little evidence for group-specific RS. Conclusions: Further research is needed to study the usability and validity of the respective approaches. In particular, the usability of the then-test seems to be challenged.
The effect of directing attention on melodic dictation testing
Authors: Paney Andrew S 
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of guiding students through remembering and understanding a melody on their melodic dictation scores. Two matched groups of university music students ( N = 64) took a dictation, but those in the treatment group received instructions directing their attention for the purpose of aiding their memory and understanding. In every comparison (rhythm, pitch, and overall score), the control group scored higher than the treatment group. Results suggest that instructions guiding students through the memory and understanding phases may not be helpful to students. Early dictation instruction that focuses attention on important aspects of a melody without requiring a full transcription, however, may help to build students’ melodic memory and understanding.
Evaluating Patients’ Understanding of Printed Warfarin Medication Information
Authors: Schwartz Lauren , Mazzola Nissa , Hoffman Robert S. , Howland Mary Ann , Mercurio-Zappala Maria , Nelson Lewis S. 
Published: August 2014

Objective: Warfarin is a high-risk medication whose safe use may be greatly improved by patient education. This study evaluate evaluated patients’ understanding of warfarin instructions, medication management, the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) warfarin medication guide content, and patient information recommendations. Methods: Interviews conducted at 2 hospital-based outpatient primary care sites with patients initiated on warfarin therapy within the last year. Results: Interviews were conducted with 49 patients. Seventy percent were between 36 and 64 years old and reported taking between 1 and 18 different medications daily. Many (76%) received information about warfarin when first prescribed to them, 65% written and 60% verbal (answers reflect more than one response). Patients found content in the medication guide difficult to understand; 18% were unable to identify information about diet and 21% were unable to locate information about when to call their provider. Analysis showed that 19% had trouble with numeracy issues related to warfarin. Patients’ suggestions of ways to convey warfarin information included more graphics, in-person counseling, and multilingual translations. Conclusion: This study demonstrates gaps in patients’ understanding of warfarin therapy. Relying solely on the information in the FDA medication guide is insufficient to guarantee adequate understanding. Utilizing the suggestions from patients’ feedback on other ways to deliver information should help future patients with different learning abilities and styles.
The evolution of models of psychodynamic psychotherapy
Authors: Penman John M 
Published: August 2014

Objective: The purpose of this article is to give an outline of the evolution of models of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Conclusion: Certain concepts about the nature of the relationship between patient and therapist during psychodynamic psychotherapy are crucial to therapeutic benefit. These are attachment, self object function, and the co-construction of an intersubjectivity. The quality of the everyday therapeutic relationship between patient and psychiatrist similarly depends on these concepts.
Antisocial behaviour and lying: A neuropsychiatric presentation of agenesis of the corpus callosum
Authors: Roxanas Milton G , Massey Jessica S , Chaganti Joga 
Published: August 2014

Objective: The purpose of this case study is to describe the case of a person with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), intellectual disability and features of antisocial behaviour and lying. Methods: A 26-year-old woman with a mild intellectual disability who presented with antisocial behaviour and chronic lying was found to have ACC and associated cerebral abnormalities. Results: Psychiatric, radiological and neuropsychological assessment of this patient provided convergent evidence of the importance of the corpus callosum in enabling understanding of social situations and appropriate social behaviour, particularly via its connectivity with the frontal regions of the brain. Conclusion: Antisocial behaviour and lying may be more commonly associated with callosal dysgenesis than is currently realised.
Prevalence and nature of antipsychotic polypharmacy among inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders at an Australian mental health service
Authors: John Alexander P , Gee Trevor , Alexander Sweeka , Ramankutty Padmaja , Dragovic Milan 
Published: August 2014

Objective: Though antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) is widely utilised in many clinical settings for the treatment of people with schizophrenia, the extent of this practice varies considerably between different regions, countries and clinical settings. Studies from Australasia exploring the prevalence and factors associated with APP are sparse and have yielded inconsistent results. Methods: We conducted a systematic retrospective audit of the medical records of all admissions in 2010 in the adult wards of a metropolitan public mental health service in Western Australia, having a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. We analysed the rates of APP use, and its association with selected demographic and clinical variables. Results: The prevalence of APP among our sample of 229 patients was high, at 43.2%. APP was associated with a longer hospital stay ( p = 0.033) and voluntary admission ( p = 0.027); but APP was not significantly related to: age, gender, diagnosis and treatment by different psychiatrists. Conclusions: Substantial difference exists between everyday clinical practice and recommendations of practice guidelines of schizophrenia, regarding the use of APP. Prospective studies from different settings exploring the relevant clinical, patient, prescriber and system-related issues are warranted, to comprehend the rationale behind high utilisation of APP in clinical practice.
Ghost Busting: re-introducing psychotherapy for the psychiatrist
Authors: Harari Edwin 
Published: August 2014

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to provide a clinically relevant historical and conceptual overview of psychotherapy as an introduction to a forthcoming series of papers on specific models of psychotherapy. The author offers a selective review of some key ideas in the history and practice of psychotherapy. Conclusion: The principles of psychotherapy should inform all psychiatric practice, including the doctor–patient relationship, multidisciplinary teams caring for patients with complex or ‘treatment resistant’ problems, and patients who are non-compliant with psychotropic medication.
Health workers’ views of a program to facilitate physical health care in mental health settings: implications for implementation and training
Authors: Baker Wendy , Harris Melanie , Battersby Malcolm 
Published: August 2014

Objective: Physical comorbidities shorten the lifespan of people with severe mental illness therefore mental health clinicians need to support service users in risk factor-related behaviour change. We investigated mental health care workers’ views of a physical health self-management support program in order to identify implementation requirements. Method: Qualitative interviews were conducted with workers who had differing levels of experience with a self-management support program. Themes were identified using interpretive descriptive analysis and then matched against domains used in implementation models to draw implications for successful practice change. Results: Three main themes emerged related to: (1) understandings of disease management within job roles; (2) requirements for putting self-management support into practice; and (3) challenges of coordination in disease management. Priority domains from implementation models were inner and outer health service settings. Conclusion: While staff training is required, practice change for care which takes account of both mental and physical health also requires changes in organisational frameworks.
Meet Dr Jekyll: a case of a psychiatrist with dissociative identity disorder
Authors: Suetani Shuichi , Markwick Elizabeth 
Published: August 2014

Objective: Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a controversial psychiatric diagnosis. This case review presents a retired psychiatrist with a history of DID. Conclusions: This case is used to illustrate current thinking about the characteristics and aetiology of DID. It also argues for the importance of being aware of both our personal and professional biases in our own clinical practice.
N-Acetylcysteine Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis in Rats via Nitric Oxide
Authors: Shimada Kana , Uzui Hiroyasu , Ueda Takanori , Lee Jong-Dae , Kishimoto Chiharu 
Published: August 2014

Background: Oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of myocarditis. We investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in rats. Methods and Results: A rat model of porcine myosin-induced EAM was used. After the immunization with myosin, NAC (20 mg/kg/d) or saline was injected intraperitoneally on days 1 to 21. Additional myosin-immunized rats treated with NAC were orally given 25 mg/kg/d of NG-nitro-l-arginine methylester (l-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and NG-nitro-d-arginine methylester (d-NAME), an inactive enantiomer. The NAC treatment improved cardiac pathology associated with reduced superoxide production. In the EAM rats treated with NAC associated with oral l-NAME, but not with oral d-NAME, the severity of myocarditis was not reduced. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was reduced by NAC treatment. Myocardial c-kit+ cells were demonstrated only in the NAC-treated group. Hemodynamic study showed that the increased left ventricular mass produced by myocardial inflammation tended to be reduced by NAC treatment. Conclusion: Treatment with NAC ameliorated myocardial injury via NO system in a rat model of myocarditis.
Revised McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis diagnostics in Central Russia: Sensitivity and specificity
Authors: Belova AN , Shalenkov IV , Shakurova DN , Boyko AN 
Published: August 2014

Background: The 2010 revised McDonald criteria were developed with data gathered from Caucasian European and North American populations, and their applicability has been questioned for the Russian population. Objective: The objective of this report is to compare the specificity, accuracy, sensitivity and predictive value of MRI criteria incorporated to the new (2010) and old (2005) McDonald criteria for early multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostics in the Nyzhnyi Novgorod (Russia) population. Methods: A total of 103 patients with symptoms suggestive of MS were recruited from 2008 to 2011 retrospectively. Patients were followed up until MS was confirmed or other proved diagnoses were determined. Their baseline and follow-up brain and spinal cord MRIs were retrospectively evaluated. Sixty-two patients (60%) converted to MS during the follow-up period (mean in 11±4.2 months). Results: In 41 cases (38%) diagnoses another than MS were established. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of the revised MRI criteria were 74%, 93%, 82%, 94%, 70%, respectively. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of our study, we conclude that the ability of the revised MRI criteria for early MS diagnostics in the Russian population is approximately similar to that determined by the international panel in Europe.
Cingulum bundle alterations underlie subjective fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pardini Matteo , Bonzano Laura , Bergamino Maurizio , Bommarito Giulia , Feraco Paola , Murugavel Abitha , Bove Marco , Brichetto Giampaolo , Uccelli Antonio , Mancardi Gianluigi , Roccatagliata Luca 
Published: August 2014

Objective: To evaluate the neural basis of subjective fatigue in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS) using a connectionist framework. Methods: Seventy seven subjects with relapsing–remitting MS were recruited in the study and underwent subjective fatigue evaluations and a diffusion MRI scan. Firstly, local white matter Fractional Anisotropy values were correlated with subjective fatigue scores using a voxel-wise approach. The long-range loss of connectivity due to structural damage in the white matter voxels thus associated with subjective fatigue was then assessed using the Network Modification (NeMo) package. Results: A voxel-wise regression analysis with fatigue scores revealed a significant association between structural damage and fatigue levels in two discrete white matter clusters, both included in the left cingulate bundle. The connectivity analysis revealed that damage in these clusters was associated with loss of structural connectivity in the anterior and medial cingulate cortices, dorsolateral prefrontal areas and in the left caudate. Discussion: Our data point to the cingulum bundle and its projections as the key network involved in subjective fatigue perception in MS. More generally, these results suggest the potential of the connectionist framework to generate coherent models of the neural basis of complex symptomatology in MS.
Day-case monopolar and bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate
Authors: Bright Elizabeth , Stocker Mary , Koupparis Anthony , MacDermott Seamus 
Published: August 2014

Objective: The objective of this article is to investigate the safety and efficacy of both monopolar and bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) performed on a day-case basis. Materials and methods: Data were collected prospectively for two cohorts of consecutive patients undergoing a day-case monopolar TURP (mTURP) by surgeon 1 in centre 1 (Group M) and a day case bipolar TURP (bTURP) by surgeon 2 in centre 2 (Group B). All were scheduled to be discharged on the day of surgery, with an indwelling catheter to be removed on an outpatient basis. Results: Fifty men underwent a day-case mTURP (Group M) and 27 men underwent a day-case bTURP (Group B) in centre 1 and 2, respectively. Patient age ( p = 0.71) and resection weight ( p = 0.35) were comparable between the two groups. No statistically significant difference in the number of admissions ( p = 1.00) or re-admissions ( p = 0.55) between the two groups was observed, with an identical day case discharge rate of 92%. Conclusions: Day-case TURP can be provided safely and effectively to patients regardless of the diathermy method employed, with successful discharge rates and low risk of admission or re-admission.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Overweight and Obesity among HIV-Infected Adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Semu Helen , Zack Rachel M. , Liu Enju , Hertzmark Ellen , Spiegelman Donna , Sztam Kevin , Hawkins Claudia , Chalamila Guerino , Muya Aisa , Siril Hellen , Mwiru Ramadhani , Mtasiwa Deo , Fawzi Wafaie 
Published: August 2014

Background: Overweight and obesity are increasingly prevalent among HIV-infected populations. We describe their prevalence and associated risk factors among HIV-infected adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the proportion of patients who were overweight or obese at enrollment to care and treatment centres from 2004 to 2011. Multivariate relative risk regression models were fit to identify risk factors. Results:  A total of 53 825 patients were included in the analysis. In all, 16% of women and 8% of men were overweight, while 7% and 2% were obese, respectively. In multivariate analyses, older age, higher CD4 count, higher hemoglobin levels, female sex, and being married were associated with obesity and overweight. World Health Organization HIV disease stage, tuberculosis history, and previous antiretroviral therapy were inversely associated with obesity and overweight. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity were highly prevalent among HIV-infected patients. Screening for overweight and obesity and focused interventions should be integrated into HIV care.
BFR (bendamustine, fludarabine, and rituximab) allogeneic conditioning for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma: reduced myelosuppression and GVHD
Authors: Khouri Issa F. , Wei Wei , Korbling Martin , Turturro Francesco , Ahmed Sairah , Alousi Amin , Anderlini Paolo , Ciurea Stefan , Jabbour Elias , Oran Betul , Popat Uday R. , Rondon Gabriela , Bassett Roland L. , Gulbis Alison 
Published: August 2014

Key Points
BFR is an effective allogeneic conditioning for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma. Remarkably, this BFR regimen resulted in a low incidence of myelosuppression and severe acute GVHD.
Solution growth of NiO nanosheets supported on Ni foam as high-performance electrodes for supercapacitors
Authors: Yan Hailong , Zhang Deyang , Xu Jinyou , Lu Yang , Liu Yunxin , Qiu Kangwen , Zhang Yihe , Luo Yongsong 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Well-aligned nickel oxide (NiO) nanosheets with the thickness of a few nanometers supported on a flexible substrate (Ni foam) have been fabricated by a hydrothermal approach together with a post-annealing treatment. The three-dimensional NiO nanosheets were further used as electrode materials to fabricate supercapacitors, with high specific capacitance of 943.5, 791.2, 613.5, 480, and 457.5 F g-1 at current densities of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 A g-1, respectively. The NiO nanosheets combined well with the substrate. When the electrode material was bended, it can still retain 91.1% of the initial capacitance after 1,200 charging/discharging cycles. Compared with Co3O4 and NiO nanostructures, the specific capacitance of NiO nanosheets is much better. These characteristics suggest that NiO nanosheet electrodes are promising for energy storage application with high power demands.
Optical characterization of porous silicon monolayers decorated with hydrogel microspheres
Authors: Balderas-Valadez Ruth F , Weiler Markus , Agarwal Vivechana , Pacholski Claudia 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The optical response of porous silicon (pSi) films, covered with a quasi-hexagonal array of hydrogel microspheres, to immersion in ethanol/water mixtures was investigated. For this study, pSi monolayers were fabricated by electrochemical etching, stabilized by thermal oxidation, and decorated with hydrogel microspheres using spin coating. Reflectance spectra of pSi samples with and without deposited hydrogel microspheres were taken at normal incidence. The employed hydrogel microspheres, composed of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (polyNIPAM), are stimuli-responsive and change their size as well as their refractive index upon exposure to alcohol/water mixtures. Hence, distinct differences in the interference pattern of bare pSi films and pSi layers covered with polyNIPAM spheres could be observed upon their immersion in the respective solutions using reflective interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy (RIFTS). Here, the amount of reflected light (fast Fourier transform (FFT) amplitude), which corresponds to the refractive index contrast and light scattering at the pSi film interfaces, showed distinct differences for the two fabricated samples. Whereas the FFT amplitude of the bare porous silicon film followed the changes in the refractive index of the surrounding medium, the FFT amplitude of the pSi/polyNIPAM structure depended on the swelling/shrinking of the attached hydrogel spheres and exhibited a minimum in ethanol-water mixtures with 20 wt% ethanol. At this value, the polyNIPAM microgel is collapsed to its minimum size. In contrast, the effective optical thickness, which reflects the effective refractive index of the porous layer, was not influenced by the attached hydrogel spheres.

PACS

81.05.Rm; 81.16.Dn; 83.80Kn; 42.79.Pw
Three-layer supply chain in an imperfect production inventory model with two storage facilities under fuzzy rough environment
Authors: Manna Amalesh Kumar , Dey Jayanta Kumar , Mondal Shyamal Kumar 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article focuses on an imperfect production inventory model considering product reliability and reworking of imperfect items in three-layer supply chain under fuzzy rough environment. In the model, the supplier receives the raw materials, all are not of perfect quality, in a lot and delivers the items of superior quality to the manufacturer and the inferior quality items are sold at a reduced price in a single batch by the end of the cent percent screening process. The manufacturer produces a mixture of perfect and imperfect quality items. A portion of the imperfect items is transformed into perfect quality items after rework. Another portion of imperfect items, termed as `less perfect quality items', is sold at a reduced price to the retailer, and the portion which cannot be either transformed to the perfect quality items or sold at a reduce price is being rejected. Here, retailer purchases both the perfect and imperfect quality items from the manufacturer to sell the items to the customers through his/her respective showrooms of finite capacities. A secondary warehouse of infinite capacity is hired by the retailer on rental basis to store the excess quantity of perfect quality items. This model considers the impact of business strategies such as optimal order size of raw materials, production rate, and unit production cost in different sectors in a collaborating marketing system that can be used in the industry, like textile, footwear, and electronics goods. An analytical method has been used to optimize the production rate and raw material order size for maximization of the average profit of the integrated model. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the model.
Neutrophils and oral squamous cell carcinoma: lessons learned and future directions
Authors: Magalhaes Marco A O , Glogauer Judah E , Glogauer Michael 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe role of cells of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma has been the subject of intense research in recent years. In particular, neutrophils have been shown recently to have either a pro-tumor or anti-tumor phenotype in different cancers. Here, we review the role of neutrophils as tumor microenvironment and signaling modulators of OSCC and their possible role as biomarkers of OSCC prognosis. Current evidence supports a pro-tumor role for neutrophils in OSCC, but more research is needed to clarify the precise mechanisms involved.