bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of population growth and photosynthetic apparatus changes in response to different nutrient status in a diatom and a coccolithophore
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wang You , Quigg Antonietta 
Published: July 2015

In many marine ecosystems, diatoms dominate in nutrient‐rich coastal waters while coccolithiophores are found offshore in areas where nutrients may be limiting. In lab‐controlled batch cultures, mixed‐species competition between the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the coccolithophore Emiliana huxleyi and the response of each species were examined under nitrate (N) and phosphate (P) starvation. Based on the logistic growth model and the Lotka–Volterra competition model, E. huxleyi showed higher competitive abilities than P. tricornutum under N and P starvation. For both species, cell growth was more inhibited by P starvation, while photosynthetic functions (chl a fluorescence parameters) and cellular constituents (pigments) were impaired by N starvation. The decline of photosynthetic functions occurred later in E. huxleyi (day 12) than in P. tricornutum (day 9); this time difference was associated with greater damage of the photosynthetic apparatus in P. tricornutum compared with E. huxleyi. Xanthophyll cycle pigment accumulation and the transformation from diadinoxanthin to diatoxanthin was more active in E. huxleyi than P. tricornutum, under similar N and P starvation. We concluded that E. huxleyi and P. tricornutum have different mechanisms to allocate resources and energy under nutrient starvation. It appears that E. huxleyi has a more economic strategy to adapt to nutrient depleted environments than P. tricornutum. These findings provided additional evidence explaining how N versus P limitation differentially support diatom and coccolithophore blooms in natural environments.
Systematic position of Gyrocheilos and some odd species of Didymocarpus (Gesneriaceae) inferred from molecular data, with reference to pollen and other morphological characters
Authors: Li Jia‐Mei , Sun Wei‐Juan , Chang Ying , Yang Wen‐Guang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA phylogenetic analysis was carried out to clarify the systematic position of Gyrocheilos and Didymocarpus, particularly the species placed in Didymocarpus sect. Heteroboea by Wang et al. Based on sequencing the internal transcribed spacer and the chloroplast spacer trnL‐F, parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses were carried out using separate nuclear and chloroplast datasets, as well as a combined dataset. Our results showed that the two sections of Didymocarpus in China and Gyrocheilos did not form separate monophyletic subclades, but turned up in three different places in the phylogenetic trees. In the frame of the present study, the pollen morphology of the species included in the analysis was studied. It proved inconsistent with the delimitation between Didymocarpus and Gyrocheilos. Furthermore, pollen and other morphological characters indicate that Gyrocheilos and some taxa of Didymocarpus should be placed within Didymocarpus.
What is Allium paniculatum? Establishing taxonomic and molecular phylogenetic relationships within A. sect. Codonoprasum
Authors: Salmeri Cristina , Brullo Cristian , Brullo Salvatore , Galdo Giampietro Giusso Del , Moysiyenko Ivan I. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAllium paniculatum L. is commonly recorded from the Euro‐Mediterranean and Irano‐Turanian regions. Evidence from literature and herbarium collections revealed that many different taxa of A. sect. Codonoprasum Rchb., all characterized by big size, diffuse and densely flowered umbrella, very long spathe valves, long pedicels, and cylindrical‐campanulate perigon, have been wrongly attributed to this species thus affecting records on its geographic distribution and morphological characterization. In order to define the true identity of A. paniculatum, we analyzed specimens coming from the type locality (Don River), and provided details on morphology, ecology, karyology, leaf anatomy, seed morphology and seed coat micro‐sculpturing. Taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships with related species of sect. Codonoprasum and with other taxa of different sections were investigated by means of morphological characters and molecular data from the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) nrDNA and the trnH‐psbA cpDNA region. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses of molecular data recovered two main clades in A. sect. Codonoprasum and clearly separated A. paniculatum from related taxa. The taxonomic implications of these patterns of relationships are discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first study documenting in‐depth phylogenetic relationships within A. sect. Codonoprasum.
Disposition of firocoxib in late pregnant and early postpartum mares
Authors: Giguère S. , Macpherson M.L. , Benson S.M. , Cox S. , McNaughten J.W. , Pozor M.A. 
Published: July 2015

Pregnancy induces several physiologic changes that might impact the bioavailability, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pregnancy on the disposition of oral firocoxib in mares. Seven pony mares received oral firocoxib paste at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg during late pregnancy and again 12 to 33 days postpartum. Firocoxib concentrations were measured in plasma by HPLC with ultraviolet detection. Maximum plasma concentrations were significantly lower in pregnant (50.0 ± 21.8 ng/mL) than in postpartum (73.7 ± 25.6 ng/mL) mares. Plasma concentrations 24 h after administration, time to maximum plasma concentrations, and area under the plasma concentration versus time curve were not significantly different between late pregnancy and the postpartum period in mares.
On the Outskirts of the Canon: The Myth of the Lone Female Philosopher, and What to Do about It
Authors: Berges Sandrine 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWomen philosophers of the past, because they tended not to engage with each other much, are often perceived as isolated from ongoing philosophical dialogues. This has led—directly and indirectly—to their exclusion from courses in the history of philosophy. This article explores three ways in which we could solve this problem. The first is to create a course in early modern philosophy that focuses solely or mostly on female philosophers, using conceptual and thematic ties such as a concern for education and a focus on ethics and politics. The second is to introduce women authors as dialoguing with the usual canonical suspects: Cavendish with Hobbes, Elisabeth of Bohemia with Descartes, Masham and Astell with Locke, Conway with Leibniz, and so on. The article argues that both methods have significant shortcomings, and it suggests a third, consisting in widening the traditional approach to structuring courses in early modern philosophy.
Quantitative disease resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris involves an Arabidopsis immune receptor pair and a gene of unknown function
Authors: Debieu Marilyne , Huard‐Chauveau Carine , Genissel Anne , Roux Fabrice , Roby Dominique 
Published: July 2015

SummaryAlthough quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is a durable and broad‐spectrum form of resistance in plants, the identification of the genes underlying QDR is still in its infancy. RKS1 (Resistance related KinaSe1) has been reported recently to confer QDR in Arabidopsis thaliana to most but not all races of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). We therefore explored the genetic bases of QDR in A. thaliana to diverse races of X. campestris (Xc). A nested genome‐wide association mapping approach was used to finely map the genomic regions associated with QDR to Xcc12824 (race 2) and XccCFBP6943 (race 6). To identify the gene(s) implicated in QDR, insertional mutants (T‐DNA) were selected for the candidate genes and phenotyped in response to Xc. We identified two major QTLs that confer resistance specifically to Xcc12824 and XccCFBP6943. Although QDR to Xcc12824 is conferred by At5g22540 encoding for a protein of unknown function, QDR to XccCFBP6943 involves the well‐known immune receptor pair RRS1/RPS4. In addition to RKS1, this study reveals that three genes are involved in resistance to Xc with strikingly different ranges of specificity, suggesting that QDR to Xc involves a complex network integrating multiple response pathways triggered by distinct pathogen molecular determinants.
Evolution of bone disease after kidney transplantation: A prospective histomorphometric analysis of trabecular and cortical bone
Authors: Carvalho Catarina , Magalhães Juliana , Pereira Luciano , Simões‐Silva Liliana , Castro‐Ferreira Inês , Frazão João Miguel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimPost‐transplant bone disease results from multiple factors, including previous bone and mineral metabolism disturbances and effects from transplant‐related medications. Bone biopsy remains the gold‐standard diagnostic tool.MethodsWe aimed to prospectively evaluate trabecular and cortical bone by histomorphometry after kidney transplantation. Seven patients, willing to perform follow‐up bone biopsy, were included in the study. Dual‐X‐ray absorptiometry and trans‐iliac bone biopsy were performed within the first 2 months after renal transplantation and repeated after 2–5 years of follow‐up.ResultsFollow‐up biopsy revealed a significant decrease in osteoblast surface/bone surface (0.91 ± 0.81 to 0.47 ± 0.12%, P = 0.036), osteoblasts number/bone surface (0.45 (0.23, 0.94) to 0.00/mm2, P = 0.018) and erosion surface/bone surface (3.75 ± 2.02 to 2.22 ± 1.38%, P = 0.044). A decrease in trabecular number (3.55 (1.81, 2.89) to 1.55/mm (1.24, 2.06), P = 0.018) and increase in trabecular separation (351.65 ± 135.04 to 541.79 ± 151.91 μm, P = 0.024) in follow‐up biopsy suggest loss in bone quantity. We found no significant differences in cortical analysis, except a reduction in external cortical osteonal eroded surface (5.76 (2.94, 13.97) to 3.29% (0.00, 6.67), P = 0.043). Correlations between bone histomorphometric and dual‐X‐ray absorptiometry parameters gave inconsistent results.ConclusionsThe results show a reduction in bone activity, suggesting increased risk of adynamic bone and loss of bone volume. Cortical bone seems less affected by post‐transplant biological changes in the first years after kidney transplantation.
Baseline characteristics of the omega‐3 fatty acids (Fish oils) and Aspirin in Vascular access OUtcomes in REnal Disease (FAVOURED) study
Authors: Viecelli Andrea K , Pascoe Elaine M , Polkinghorne Kevan R , Hawley Carmel M , Paul‐Brent Peta‐Anne , Badve Sunil V , Cass Alan , Johnson David W , Kerr Peter G , Mori Trevor A , Scaria Anish , Hooi Seong L , Ong Meng L , Irish Ashley B ,   on behalf of the FAVOURED Study Team
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe Fish oils and Aspirin in Vascular access OUtcomes in REnal Disease (FAVOURED) trial investigated whether 3 months of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, either alone or in combination with aspirin, will effectively reduce primary access failure of de novo arteriovenous fistulae. This report presents the baseline characteristics of all study participants, examines whether study protocol amendments successfully increased recruitment of a broader and more representative haemodialysis cohort, including patients already receiving aspirin, and contrasts Malaysian participants with those from Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom (UK).MethodThis international, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial included patients older than 19 years with stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease currently receiving, or planned within 12 months to receive haemodialysis.ResultsParticipants (n = 568) were overweight (28.6 ± 7.3 kg/m2), relatively young (54.8 ± 14.3 years), and predominantly male (63%) with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (46%) but low rate of ischaemic heart disease (8%). Sixty one percent were planned for lower arm arteriovenous fistula creation. Malaysian participants (n = 156) were younger (51.8 ± 13.6 years vs 57.1 ± 14.2 years, P < 0.001) with a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (65% vs 43%, P < 0.001), but less ischaemic heart disease (5% vs 14%, P < 0.01) compared with the combined Australian, New Zealand and UK cohort (n = 228). Protocol modifications allowing for inclusion of patients receiving aspirin increased the prevalence of co‐morbidities compared with the original cohort.ConclusionsThe FAVOURED study participants, while mostly similar to patients in contemporary national registry reports and comparable recent clinical trials, were on average younger and had less ischaemic heart disease. These differences were reduced as a consequence of including patients already receiving aspirin.
Renal function during pregnancy may predict risk of future hospitalization due to atherosclerotic‐related morbidity
Authors: Wolak Talya , Shoham‐Vardi Ilana , Sergienko Ruslan , Sheiner Eyal 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThis study aims to examine whether renal function during pregnancy can serve as a surrogate marker for the risk of developing atherosclerotic‐related morbidity.MethodsA case‐control study, including women who gave birth at a tertiary referral medical centre during 2000–2012. This population was divided into cases of women who were subsequently hospitalized for atherosclerotic morbidity during the study period and age‐matched controls. From the study population, we retrieved two groups: the creatinine (Cr) group: women who had at least one Cr measurement (4945 women) and the urea group: women who had at least one urea measurement (4932 women) during their pregnancies. In the Cr and urea group, there were 572 and 571 cases and 4373 and 4361 controls, respectively. The mean follow‐up period in the Cr and urea group was 61.7 ± 37.0 and 57.3 ± 36.0 months, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models (controlling for confounders: gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, obesity, maternal age, creatinine level (for urea), and gestational week) were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for hospitalizations.ResultsA significant association was documented between renal function during pregnancy and long‐term atherosclerotic morbidity. Multivariate analysis, showed that Cr at pregnancy index of ≥89 μmol/L was associated with a significant increased risk for hospitalization due to cardiovascular (CVS) events (adjusted HR = 2.91 CI 1.37–6.19 P = 0.005) and urea level ≤7 mmol/L was independently associated with reduced prevalence of CVS hospitalization (adjusted HR = 0.62 CI 0.57–0.86 P = 0.001).ConclusionRenal function abnormality during pregnancy may reveal occult predisposition to atherosclerotic morbidity years after childbirth.
Determinants for Quantitative Sensory Testing and the Association with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in the General Elderly Population
Authors: de Kruijf Marjolein , Peters Marjolein J. , C. Jacobs Leonie , Tiemeier Henning , Nijsten Tamar , Hofman Albert , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Huygen Frank J. P. M. , van Meurs Joyce B. J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveChronic musculoskeletal pain is accompanied by central sensitization, which can be determined with quantitative sensory testing (QST). In this study, we aim to investigate whether central sensitization, as measured by thermal QST, is detectable in community‐dwelling elderly individuals suffering from self‐reported chronic pain and identify determinants influencing thermal QST measurement analyses and interpretation.MethodsIn 3,936 participants of the Rotterdam Study, cold and warmth sensitivity and heat pain thresholds were determined using the thermo‐sensory analyzer TSA II (Medoc Advanced Medical Systems, Durham, NC, U.S.A.). Using Cox regression, associations were studied with chronic pain and potential determinants (body mass index [BMI], reaction speed, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, skin color, skin temperature, seasonal influence, depression, anxiety, atopic eczema, age at menarche, years since menopause, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use during menopause, and reproductive lifespan).ResultsIn addition to the effect of age and gender on thermal sensitivity, darker skin color and the presence of atopic eczema were associated with higher sensitivity for heat pain. Cold sensitivity and warmth sensitivity thresholds were both influenced by BMI, reaction speed, skin temperature, season, depression, dark skin color, years since menopause, and reproductive lifespan. The presence of chronic pain was associated with 0.2 degrees lower heat pain threshold in all participants, and 0.3 degrees lower in individuals with chronic pain in more than 2 sites.ConclusionHigher sensitivity for heat pain, one feature of central sensitization, is present in community‐dwelling elderly with chronic pain. Additional determinants should be considered when analyzing and interpreting QST measurements.
Differences in defence responses ofPinus contortaandPinus banksianato the mountain pine beetle fungal associateGrosmannia clavigeraare affected by water deficit
Authors: Arango‐Velez Adriana , El Kayal Walid , Copeland Charles C. J. , Zaharia L. Irina , Lusebrink Inka , Cooke Janice E. K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe tested the hypotheses that responses to the mountain pine beetle fungal associateGrosmannia clavigerawill differ between the evolutionarily co‐evolved host lodgepole pine (Pinus contortavar.latifolia) and the naïve host jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and that these responses will be influenced by water availability.G. clavigerainoculation resulted in more rapid stem lesion development in lodgepole than in jack pine; water deficit delayed lesion development in both species. Decreased hydraulic conductivity was observed in inoculated lodgepole pine seedlings, likely because of tracheid occlusion by fungal hyphae and/or metabolite accumulation. Drought but not inoculation significantly impacted bark abscisic acid levels. Jasmonic and salicylic acid were implicated in local and systemic responses of both species toG. clavigera, with salicylic acid appearing to play a greater role in jack pine response toG. clavigerathan lodgepole pine. Water deficit increased constitutive levels and/or attenuated induced responses toG. clavigerafor several monoterpenes in lodgepole but not jack pine. Instead, inoculation of well‐watered but not water deficit jack pine resulted in a greater number of xylem resin ducts. These findings reveal mechanisms underlying differences inG. clavigera‐induced responses between lodgepole and jack pine hosts, and how water availability modulates these responses.
Temporal Experience, Temporal Passage and the Cognitive Sciences
Authors: Baron Samuel , Cusbert John , Farr Matt , Kon Maria , Miller Kristie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCognitive science has recently made some startling discoveries about temporal experience, and these discoveries have been drafted into philosophical service. We survey recent appeals to cognitive science in the philosophical debate over whether time objectively passes. Since this research is currently in its infancy, we identify some directions for future research.
U.S. Public Health Service Response to the 2014–2015 Ebola Epidemic in West Africa: A Nursing Perspective
Authors: Mosquera Alexis , Braun Michelle , Hulett Melissa , Ryszka Lauren 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe 2014–2015 Ebola epidemic in West Africa has been the deadliest Ebola epidemic to date. In response to this deadly epidemic, the U.S. government declared this a top national security priority and members of the Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service were tasked to provide direct patient care to Ebola virus disease patients. Commissioned Corps nurses provided the highest level of care under the most austere conditions. This article discusses the training, ethical dilemmas, and constant risk for potential exposure while working in an Ebola Treatment Unit.
Physiological characteristics and related gene expression of after‐ripening on seed dormancy release in rice
Authors: Du W. , Cheng J. , Cheng Y. , Wang L. , He Y. , Wang Z. , Zhang H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAfter‐ripening is a common method used for dormancy release in rice. In this study, the rice variety Jiucaiqing (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica) was used to determine dormancy release following different after‐ripening times (1, 2 and 3 months). Germination speed, germination percentage and seedling emergence increased with after‐ripening; more than 95% germination and 85% seedling emergence were observed following 1 month of after‐ripening within 10 days of imbibition, compared with <45% germination and 20% seedling emergence in freshly harvested seed. Hence, 3 months of after‐ripening could be considered a suitable treatment period for rice dormancy release. Dormancy release by after‐ripening is mainly correlated with a rapid decline in ABA content and increase in IAA content during imbibition. Subsequently, GA1/ABA, GA7/ABA, GA12/ABA, GA20/ABA and IAA/ABA ratios significantly increased, while GA3/ABA, GA4/ABA and GAs/IAA ratio significantly decreased in imbibed seeds following 3 months of after‐ripening, thereby altering α‐amylase activity during seed germination. Peak α‐amylase activity occurred at an earlier germination stage in after‐ripened seeds than in freshly harvested seeds. Expression of ABA, GA and IAA metabolism genes and dormancy‐related genes was regulated by after‐ripening time upon imbibition. Expression of OsCYP707A5, OsGA2ox1, OsGA2ox2, OsGA2ox3, OsILR1, OsGH3‐2, qLTG3‐1 and OsVP1 increased, while expression of Sdr4 decreased in imbibed seeds following 3 months of after‐ripening. Dormancy release through after‐ripening might be involved in weakening tissues covering the embryo via qLTG3‐1 and decreased ABA signalling and sensitivity via Sdr4 and OsVP1.
My tongue shall speak: the voices of the psalms
Authors: Hamlin Hannibal 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article examines the poetics of voice in early modern psalm translation. Translations always complicate poetic voice, since in these poems one must, somehow, hear both the voice of the original poet and the voice of translator. The voices of the psalms are further complicated when they are read or sung by Christians, either individually or collectively. Writers since the patristic period have encouraged Christians to speak the psalms as if the words are one's own, but how does this happen? Whose voices do we hear in congregational singing? Are God's, David's, the translator's, and the singer's voices blended in harmonious polyphony? Or can they sometimes clash or drown each other out? Thinking about voice is important for understanding how the psalms are written, read, sung, and ventriloquized by early modern Christians, but thinking about the psalms will have implications for the study of secular poetry as well, especially in translation.
The psalms and threat in sixteenth‐century English court culture
Authors: Simpson James 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe psalms are routinely considered to be sources of comfort and occasions of thanksgiving. In this essay I present a different, and opposite function for the psalms: that of expressing an intense state of isolation, threat, hatred and self‐annihilation. So far from supplying what sixteenth‐century readers called ‘comfortable words’, the psalm translations discussed here inflame authorial pain. They actively deprive authors of any consolation. They deprive authors even of the consolations of expressing the desire for vengeance, despite the frequency with which these texts call vengeance down upon the heads of enemies. Just as the psalms were imagined to have been written originally in a threatening courtly environment, so too are they used by early Tudor courtiers to express the predicament of court life. I focus on psalm paraphrases of the following writers: Sir Thomas Wyatt; George Blage; Henry Howard Earl of Surrey; and Sir Thomas Smith.