bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On a Commercial Scale – Archaeological Geophysics in England
Authors: Parker Lucy , Richardson Tom , Hunnisett Chloe , Armstrong Kayt 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGeophysical prospection for archaeology was first trialled in England over 75 years ago and, as the profession has matured, a dedicated research community has developed in the country. For over 30 years, archaeological geophysics has played a major role in developer-funded archaeology. Whilst no official figures exist for active archaeo-geophysicists in England, it is likely that the number of practitioners is in the 100s, and is perhaps one of the largest communities worldwide. Standards and Guidance are available to support the profession, but it is a challenge for these to keep pace with advancements in technology and methodologies. The balance between improving cost effectiveness, mainly through increased speed of field data acquisition, whilst maintaining research to increase the level of information gained by such investigations remains an important question for both the commercial and academic archaeological sectors.
Introduction
Authors: Fournier Guy , Boos Adrian , Konstantas Dimitri , Attias Danielle 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe AVENUE project, part of European Horizon 2020, investigated the integration of automated vehicles (AVs) into public transport across Europe, focusing on improving mobility through innovative, sustainable solutions. From 2018 to 2022, AVENUE research demonstrated the potential of automated minibuses for safe, efficient and environmentally friendly transport in urban environments. This introduction explains the project’s approach to deploy AVs for the first time globally in cities, the impact assessment and the potential for the future. Small summaries of the content of the book parts introduce to the book to give support and guidance to the reader.
Technical Impact Assessment: Obstacles and Developments of Automated Minibuses for Public Transport
Authors: Beye Charly , Zinckernagel Christian , Fournier Guy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, automated minibuses have emerged as an innovative addition to public transport systems worldwide, generating interest through various pilot projects. While these initiatives have shown promising technical advancements, the full-scale implementation of such vehicles faces significant technical hurdles. This study builds upon prior research by delving into the technical developments and challenges encountered within the AVENUE project, drawing insights from discussions with manufacturers, operators, and mobility platform providers operating automated minibuses in European metropolitan areas. Specifically, the examination highlights the complexities associated with vehicle sensors, data transmission for trajectory management, and external environmental factors that can influence vehicle operation. The progress within the AVENUE project has shown that a critical evaluation underscores the ongoing need for comprehensive solutions to overcome technical obstacles and ensure the seamless integration of automated minibuses into public transportation networks. Furthermore, the findings highlight the necessity of continually enhancing the safety, efficiency, and reliability of automated minibuses.
Economic Impact Assessment: Local Service Costs of Automated Vehicles for Public Transport
Authors: Antonialli Fabio , Mira-Bonnardel Sylvie , Bulteau Julie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile most of the current research on automated public transport focuses on improving operational and technical aspects, as well as tackling policy and user behavioural factors, the integration of these vehicles into public networks is mainly dependent on costs and breakeven points. Research quantifying costs and return on investment specifically in academic settings are sparse. This chapter aims to introduce an economic assessment tool, designed as a decision-making tool to support public policies on the decision of implementing innovative mobility services. The simulation contributes to the Total Cost of Mobility (TCM), a vision that accounts all alternative modes of travel and is therefore more adapted to today’s fleets which are evolving towards automated electro mobility, pool management, etc. The presented assessment tool was tested with real data from pilot sites within the AVENUE project, and the results prove it to be a relevant tool to aid decision-makers on whether to adopt services with such vehicles.
Environmental Impact Assessment: Externalities of Automated Electric Vehicles for Public Transport
Authors: Jaroudi Ines , Boos Adrian , Viere Tobias , Fournier Guy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic and environmental externalities associated with the use of automated minibuses in public transport, using a mixture of scenario planning and an externality model in the context of the AVENUE project cities. By analysing six different deployment scenarios, including the substitution of automated minibuses for buses and private cars, this study sheds light on the potential shifts in external costs and benefits. This chapter carefully assesses the impact of the deployment of automated minibuses on reducing external costs, taking into account factors such as energy efficiency, connectivity, automation features passenger numbers and vehicle utilisation rates. The results show that the environmental and economic outcomes of deploying automated minibuses depend significantly on the specific deployment strategies, highlighting scenarios in which automated minibuses could either reduce or exacerbate external costs. Through a detailed assessment of these scenarios, the chapter provides a nuanced understanding of how the strategic integration of automated minibuses into urban transport systems can influence the broader goals of economic sustainability and environmental protection. The study emphasises the importance of aligning automated minibus deployment strategies with city-specific goals and the broader sustainability agenda and provides valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners and transport stakeholders.
Sustainability Assessment of the Integration of Automated Minibuses in Urban Mobility Systems: Learnings from the AVENUE Project
Authors: Nemoto Eliane Horschutz , Jaroudi Ines , Duffner-Korbee Dorien , Viere Tobias , Naderer Gabriele , Boos Adrian , van den Boom Nicole , Fournier Guy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe AVENUE sustainability assessment integrates the environmental, economic and social assessment of the pilot trials of AVENUE. A step further, it adopts an interdisciplinary approach to conduct the analysis and to better understand the complexity of deploying a new form of mobility in urban areas and as part of the transportation system. The goal is to implement new mobility solutions that benefit the city and complement public transport. The findings from the social, environmental and economic impact assessments are embedded in a multidimensional set of indicators for the sustainability assessment of the automated minibuses. As a result, mobility radars are built to illustrate the assessment of the AVENUE demonstrator sites. The results reveal the state of the art of the current deployment of the automated minibuses in the AVENUE test sites. In addition, this study highlights other crucial elements for a sustainable deployment that rely on the mode of deployment of the automated minibuses, the level of integration to urban public transport or within MaaS perspective and the alignment with the city’s goals, planning and strategies for sustainable mobility. Ultimately, the automated minibuses are an innovative piece within the mobility ecosystem that could support intermodality, MaaS, mobility hubs and the use of soft modes of transport.
System Innovation in Passenger Transportation with Automated Minibuses in ITS: The Citizen-Centric Approach of AVENUE
Authors: Fournier Guy , Thalhofer Michael , Klarmann Johannes , Chrétien Philippe , Duffner-Korbee Dorien , Boos Adrian , Jaroudi Ines , Nemoto Eliane Horschutz , Binz Lionel , Naderer Gabriele , Konstantas Dimitri , Viere Tobias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe first chapter explores three pathways for incorporating automated vehicles (AVs) into future mobility ecosystems: privately owned AVs, robotaxis and automated minibuses in a Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) and (later) in an Intelligent Transport System (ITS). The chapter emphasises that automated minibuses, when seamlessly integrated into a MaaS, could emerge as pivotal “game changer”, complementing and fostering other means of transport, in particular mass transport. Integrating in a next step AVs within an ITS could further make it possible to use mobility data and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the transport system to a higher level of mobility evolution. By employing both fast and slow closed AI loops, it envisions a transport ecosystem that not only operates more efficiently and flexibly but is also consequently citizen-centric and addresses sustainability challenges. The successful implementation of this concept hinges on open data, Application Protocol Interface (APIs) and the potential of AI to create a self-learning transport system to serve the general interest. A sustainable and citizen-centric mobility is thus possible without a coercive (technology push) transport policy. Instead, it champions an approach that increases the transport options and enhances the provided mobility services (demand & attractiveness pull). Depending on the local governance, even privately owned or privately shared cars can be part of the model, justified, e.g. in areas where mobility infrastructure deficits loom large or when travel time is too high. This chapter therefore forms the basis for a vision to redesign our mobility ecosystem and marks the beginning of a disrupting system innovation, where integrated sustainability and citizen centricity reshape the nature of mobility.
Transition Planning Towards a Sustainable Urban Mobility Ecosystem
Authors: Thalhofer Michael , Boos Adrian , Nemoto Eliane Horschutz , Duffner-Korbee Dorien , Dubielzig Markus , Zinckernagel Christian , Jaroudi Inès , Konstantas Dimitri , Fournier Guy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we aim to provide pragmatic recommendations and exemplary concrete transition measures for consultants and ecosystem stakeholders to get valuable practice proven cornerstones and hints for successfully achieving their individually designed mobility vision. Hereby we describe the transition planning as a systemic and systematic approach designed as a pragmatic process with essential key methods from the status quo (2020) of all existing states towards a desired common future vision of AV in ITS to be achieved in 2030. For this purpose we visualised a ‘Big Picture’ of transition management work packages and a roadmap as a ‘common thread’, conceptional guide and orientation for all stakeholders of the transition. This roadmap of multifaceted recommendations is structured into phases which are systematically building on one another, outlining the transition from the status quo with no automated minibuses (AM) via the milestones: AM, AM System, AM in MaaS, AM in MaaS/ITS to the future mobility Vision 2030 (Chap. 18). These recommendations are the basis for individual operational measures which have to be documented in an implementation plan. Finally, a general transition plan is suggested consisting of all scenarios, steps and planning results of the transition concept. This should serve all stakeholders as an orientation guide as well as a strategic and operational basis for the entire mobility transition.
AVENUE Site Demonstrators: Geneva, Lyon, Luxembourg, and Copenhagen
Authors: Beukers Jeroen A. , Zuttre Quentin , Hilbert Georges , Kaeding Daniel , Hoffmann Albert , Zinckernagel Christian , Felhaus Nanna May , van den Boom Nicole , Boos Adrian , Konstantas Dimitri 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe AVENUE project, which was carried out in Geneva, Lyon, Luxembourg, and Copenhagen, demonstrates the innovative integration of automated vehicles (AVs) into urban public transport systems. This initiative investigated the use of AVs in different urban environments and achieved remarkable progress in the areas of mobility, environmental sustainability, and accessibility. Through real-world testing, the project identified key success factors such as technological integration, social acceptance, and infrastructural adaptation. Achievements include on-demand services, seamless integration into existing transport networks and the promotion of multimodal transport solutions. The experiences from the AVENUE project provide crucial insights into operational and societal aspects of AV implementation in public transport and emphasise the importance of ongoing innovation and research in the field of automated mobility for future urban transport ecosystems.
Conclusion
Authors: Fournier Guy , Konstantas Dimitri 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe AVENUE project, carried out under Horizon 2020, demonstrated remarkable progress in automated public transport by deploying almost SAE Level 4 AVs in six European cities. Despite significant challenges, including COVID-19 restrictions and partner insolvency, the project successfully deployed automated minibuses that carried over 160,000 passengers and travelled a total of 168,000 km. This conclusion highlights AVENUE’s achievements in improving urban mobility through on-demand door-to-door services and emphasises the potential of using automated minibuses as game changer towards a more sustainable, efficient and citizen centric mobility which serves the general interest.
Cybersecurity and Data Privacy: Stakeholders’ Stand on Regulations and Standards
Authors: Nijdam Niels A. , Benyahya Meriem , Collen Anastasija 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAVENUE’s technological interest lies in those state-of-the-art technologies and solutions that either are already commercial or close to the market and are expected to reach commercialisation within the following years. For the successful implementation of the project activities, a wide range of technological as well as non-technological elements will be employed, adapted, integrated, and, where required, partially developed. The present chapter focuses on those connected automated vehicle (CAV) technologies from the perspective of cybersecurity, delving into questions on in-vehicle, back-end, and infrastructure, including the communications between vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), vehicle to cloud (V2C), vehicle to everything (V2X), software safety, as well as security and privacy by design principles for the development of connected devices. Furthermore, non-technological issues cover stakeholder and user acceptance, regulatory and legislative requirements, a new standardisation progress, ethical considerations, and vehicle and technology certifications and licensing. The purpose of this chapter is to present the project context and relating it to the potential cyber assaults and data privacy threats. It further delineates the conducted assessment and the provided recommendations which were built based on the key standards and regulations wrapping together CAVs, cybersecurity, and personal data protection pursuits.
Worldsheet formalism for decoupling limits in string theory
Authors: Gomis Joaquim , Yan Ziqi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study the bosonic sector of a decoupling limit of type IIA superstring theory, where a background Ramond-Ramond one-form is fined tuned to its critical value, such that it cancels the associated background D0-brane tension. The light excitations in this critical limit are D0-branes, whose dynamics is described by the Banks-Fischler-Shenker-Susskind (BFSS) Matrix theory that corresponds to M-theory in the Discrete Light-Cone Quantization (DLCQ). We develop the worldsheet formalism for the fundamental string in the same critical limit of type IIA superstring theory. We show that the fundamental string develops singularities on its worldsheet, whose topology is described by nodal Riemann spheres as in ambitwistor string theory. We study the T-duality transformations of this string sigma model and provide a worldsheet derivation for the recently revived and expanded duality web that unifies a zoo of decoupling limits in type II superstring theories. By matching the string worldsheet actions, we demonstrate how some of these decoupling limits are related to tensionless (and ambitwistor) string theory, Carrollian string theory, the Spin Matrix limits of the AdS/CFT correspondence, and more.
Exponentiation of soft quark effects from the replica trick
Authors: van Beekveld Melissa , Vernazza Leonardo , White Chris D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we show that multiple maximally soft (anti-)quark and gluon emissions exponentiate at the level of either the amplitude or cross-section. We first show that such emissions can be captured by introducing new soft emission operators, which serve to generalise the well-known Wilson lines describing emissions of maximally soft gluons. Next, we prove that vacuum expectation values of these operators exponentiate using the replica trick, a statistical-physics argument that has previously been used to demonstrate soft-gluon exponentiation properties in QCD. The obtained results are general, i.e. not tied to a particular scattering process. We illustrate our arguments by demonstrating the exponentiation of certain real and virtual corrections affecting subleading partonic channels in deep-inelastic scattering.
Gauge theory on ρ-Minkowski space-time
Authors: Maris Valentine , Wallet Jean-Christophe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We construct a gauge theory model on the 4-dimensional ρ-Minkowski space-time, a particular deformation of the Minkowski space-time recently considered. The corresponding star product results from a combination of Weyl quantization map and properties of the convolution algebra of the special Euclidean group. We use noncommutative differential calculi based on twisted derivations together with a twisted notion of noncommutative connection. The twisted derivations pertain to the Hopf algebra of ρ-deformed translations, a Hopf subalgebra of the ρ-deformed Poincaré algebra which can be viewed as defining the quantum symmetries of the ρ-Minkowski space-time. The gauge theory model is left invariant under the action of the ρ-deformed Poincaré algebra. The kinetic part of the action is found to coincide with the one of the usual (commutative) electrodynamics.
Two-loop QCD amplitudes for $$ t\overline{t}H $$ production from boosted limit
Authors: Wang Guoxing , Xia Tianya , Yang Li Lin , Ye Xiaoping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The production of a Higgs boson in association with a top-antitop quark pair $$ \left(t\overline{t}H\right) $$

t

t
¯

H

holds significant importance in directly probing the top-quark Yukawa coupling, which is related to various fundamental questions in high energy physics. This paper focuses on the calculation of two-loop amplitudes for $$ t\overline{t}H $$
t

t
¯

H
production at hadron colliders in the high-energy boosted limit. The calculation employs our recently developed mass-factorization formula. To validate the accuracy of our approximate methods, we compare our results for the one-loop amplitudes and the two-loop infrared poles with the exact calculations. We then provide predictions for the finite parts of the two-loop amplitudes. By combining the contributions from real emissions, our results can be utilized to compute the next-to-next-to-leading order differential cross sections for $$ t\overline{t}H $$
t

t
¯

H
production in the high-energy boosted limit.
Combination and reinterpretation of LHC SUSY searches
Authors: Feike Alexander , Fiaschi Juri , Fuks Benjamin , Klasen Michael , Neuwirth Alexander Puck 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To maximise the information obtained from various independent new physics searches conducted at the LHC, it is imperative to consider the combination of multiple analyses. To showcase the exclusion power gained by combining signal regions from different searches, we consider a simplified scenario inspired by supersymmetry, with all particles but one squark flavour and a bino-like neutralino decoupled. The corresponding signal therefore comprises strong squark pair production, associated squark-neutralino production, as well as weak neutralino pair production. We find that considering the associated and strong production mechanisms together significantly impacts mass limits, while contributions from the weak production are insignificant in the context of current exclusion limits. In addition, we demonstrate that the combination of uncorrelated signal regions as assessed from the recent TACO approach substantially pushes exclusion limits towards higher masses, relative to the bounds derived from the most sensitive individual analyses.
Learning Feynman integrals from differential equations with neural networks
Authors: Calisto Francesco , Moodie Ryan , Zoia Simone 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We perform an exploratory study of a new approach for evaluating Feynman integrals numerically. We apply the recently-proposed framework of physics-informed deep learning to train neural networks to approximate the solution to the differential equations satisfied by the Feynman integrals. This approach relies neither on a canonical form of the differential equations, which is often a bottleneck for the analytical techniques, nor on the availability of a large dataset, and after training yields essentially instantaneous evaluation times. We provide a proof-of-concept implementation within the PyTorch framework, and apply it to a number of one- and two-loop examples, achieving a mean magnitude of relative difference of around 1% at two loops in the physical phase space with network training times on the order of an hour on a laptop GPU.
Prospects for heavy neutral lepton searches at short and medium baseline reactor experiments
Authors: van Remortel N. , Colomer Molla M. , Clerbaux B. , De Roeck A. , Drewes M. , Keloth R. , Sfar H. , Vercaemer S. , Verstraeten M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Heavy neutrinos with masses in the MeV range can in principle simultaneously explain the light neutrino masses and the origin of baryonic matter in the universe. The strongest constraints on their properties come from their potential impact on the formation of light elements in the early universe. Since these constraints rely on assumptions about the cosmic history, independent checks in the laboratory are highly desirable. In this paper, we discuss the opportunity to search for heavy neutrinos within the MeV mass range in short and medium baseline reactor neutrino experiments, using the SoLid, JUNO and TAO experiments as examples. These experiments can give the currently strongest upper bound on the mixing between the light electron neutrinos and the heavy neutrino in the 2–9 MeV mass range.