bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of diabetic foot ulcers complicated by severe infection and sepsis with Trueperella bernardiae
Authors: Schneider Uffe Vest , Ekenberg Christina , Sode Nikolaj , Knudsen Jenny Dahl 
Published: February 2015

Introduction:
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) allows us to identify bacteria directly from positive blood cultures with detailed taxonomy naming of the bacterial strains. Knowing the name of the infective bacteria makes it possible to adjust the antibiotic therapy early on. However, it also gives rise to detection of a number of unusual pathogens, which raises new questions on the pathogenicity and medical importance of a number of rarely isolated bacteria such as Trueperella bernardiae.

Case presentation:
We describe a case of diabetic foot ulcers in a 45‐year‐old male, which led to below‐the‐knee amputation due to widespread infection and sepsis with T. bernardiae and co‐infection with Peptoniphilus lacrimalis. The patient was treated initially with surgical debridement in combination with piperacillin/tazobactam and thereafter with amoxicillin for a total period of 1 month.

Conclusion:
Based on this case, as well as previous case reports in the literature, we conclude that T. bernardiae is a rarely isolated low‐pathogenic bacterium in patients with severe co‐morbidities. Often co‐infection with other low‐pathogenic bacteria is observed. T. bernardiae is susceptible to and readily treated with β‐lactam antibiotics.
Extrapulmonary intrathoracic blastomycosis: a case report and systematic literature review
Authors: Putman Michael S. , Shah Nirav S. , Husain Aliya N. , David Michael Z. 
Published: February 2015

Introduction:
Mediastinal blastomycosis has been described in multiple case reports, but no review to date has catalogued its various manifestations or response to treatment.

Case presentation:
An otherwise healthy 18‐year‐old female presented with lymphadenopathy and was found to have a large mediastinal mass concerning for lymphoma. A subsequent biopsy revealed Blastomyces dermatitidis; the patient responded well to therapy with amphotericin B and itraconazole. Similar cases are reviewed and analysed.

Conclusion:
Mediastinal blastomycosis is a rare but life‐threatening disease manifestation that responds readily to appropriate antifungal therapy.
Last drinks: A study of rural emergency department data collection to identify and target community alcohol‐related violence
Authors: Miller Peter , Droste Nicolas , Baker Tim , Gervis Cathreena 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe present study summarises the methodology and findings of a pilot project designed to measure the sources and locations of alcohol‐related harm by implementing anonymised ‘last drinks’ questions in the ED of a rural community.Methods‘Last drinks’ questions were added to computerised triage systems at South West Healthcare ED in rural Warrnambool, Victoria, from 1 November 2013 to 3 July 2014. For all injury presentations aged 15 years or older, attendees were asked whether alcohol was consumed in the 12 h prior to injury, how many standard drinks were consumed, where they purchased most of the alcohol and where they consumed the last alcoholic drink.ResultsFrom 3692 injury attendances, 10.8% (n = 399) reported consuming alcohol in the 12 h prior to injury. ‘Last drinks’ data collection was 100% complete for participants who reported alcohol use prior to injury. Approximately two‐thirds (60.2%) of all alcohol‐related presentations had purchased their alcohol at packaged liquor outlets. During high‐alcohol hours, alcohol‐related injuries accounted for 36.1% (n = 101) of all ED injury presentations, and in total 41.7% of alcohol‐related attendances during these hours reported consuming last drinks at identifiable hotels, bars, nightclubs or restaurants, or identifiable public areas/events.ConclusionsThis pilot demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of implementing sustainable ‘last drinks’ data collection methods in the ED, and the ability to effectively map the source of alcohol‐related ED attendances in a rural community.
Seagrass biofilm communities at a naturally CO2‐rich vent
Authors: Hassenrück Christiane , Hofmann Laurie C. , Bischof Kai , Ramette Alban 
Published: February 2015

SummarySeagrass meadows are a crucial component of tropical marine reef ecosystems. Seagrass plants are colonized by a multitude of epiphytic organisms that contribute to broadening the ecological role of seagrasses. To better understand how environmental changes like ocean acidification might affect epiphytic assemblages, the microbial community composition of the epiphytic biofilm of Enhalus acroides was investigated at a natural CO2 vent in Papua New Guinea using molecular fingerprinting and next‐generation sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes. Both bacterial and eukaryotic epiphytes formed distinct communities at the CO2‐impacted site compared with the control site. This site‐related CO2 effect was also visible in the succession pattern of microbial epiphytes. We further found an increased relative sequence abundance of bacterial types associated with coral diseases at the CO2‐impacted site (Fusobacteria, Thalassomonas), whereas eukaryotes such as certain crustose coralline algae commonly related to healthy reefs were less diverse. These trends in the epiphytic community of E. acroides suggest a potential role of seagrasses as vectors of coral pathogens and may support previous predictions of a decrease in reef health and prevalence of diseases under future ocean acidification scenarios.
Sex reassignment of transsexual people from a gynecologist's and urologist's perspective
Authors: Trum Hans W. , Hoebeke Piet , Gooren Louis J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCross‐sex hormone treatment of transgender persons is usually uneventful, but hormone‐sensitive malignancies of the (reproductive) organs of the natal and new sex (breasts, neovagina) may arise. Sex reassignment surgery impacts on the urodynamics of the reassigned sex. Pathology originating from organ systems of the natal sex may be overlooked in the new sex. In male‐to‐female transgender individuals, malignant tumors of the breasts and prostate may occur. Neovaginas are constructed with skin or sigmoid. Shortening of the male urethra to female dimensions is usually uneventful. In female‐to‐male transgender individuals breast cancer may develop, sometimes in residual mammary tissue after reductive mammoplasty. Malignancies of the vagina and ovaries are rare. Testosterone may be aromatized to estrogens, with effects on the endometrium. Lengthening of the female urethra to male dimensions may cause urethral fistulae, urethral strictures, and meatal stenoses. A degree of post‐voiding incontinence may occur.
Hours in non‐parental child care are related to language development in a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Luijk M. P. C. M. , Linting M. , Henrichs J. , Herba C. M. , Verhage M. L. , Schenk J. J. , Arends L. R. , Raat H. , Jaddoe V. W. V. , Hofman A. , Verhulst F. C. , Tiemeier H. , van IJzendoorn M. H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of child care services on several domains of child development have been extensively investigated, but evidence regarding the effects of child care on language development remains inconclusive.MethodsWithin a large‐scale population‐based study, we examined the longitudinal associations between non‐parental child care and language development from 1 to 6 years (n = 5375).ResultsResults showed that more hours in non‐parental child care were associated with better language abilities. However, more hours in care in the first year of life were associated with less language proficiency at ages 1 to 1.5. At later ages, this effect disappeared and language proficiency increased. Furthermore, children who spent more hours in centre‐based care had better language scores than children in home‐based care. Ethnicity, socio‐economic status, gender or parity did not change these results.ConclusionsThis large, multi‐ethnic study demonstrates beneficial effects of non‐parental child care, particularly centre‐based care, on language proficiency later in childhood.
Long‐term outcomes after vestibuloplasty with a porcine collagen matrix (Mucograft®) versus the free gingival graft: a comparative prospective clinical trial
Authors: Schmitt Christian M. , Moest Tobias , Lutz Rainer , Wehrhan Falk , Neukam Friedrich W. , Schlegel Karl Andreas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivesPorcine collagen matrices are proclaimed being a sufficient alternative to autologous free gingival grafts (FGG) in terms of augmenting the keratinized mucosa. The collagen matrix Mucograft® (CM) already showed a comparable clinical performance in the early healing phase, similar histological appearance, and even a more natural appearance of augmented regions. Predictability for long‐term stability does not yet exist due to missing studies reporting of a follow‐up >6 months.Material and methodsThe study included 48 patients with atrophic edentulous or partially edentulous lower jaw situations that had undergone an implant treatment. In the context of implant exposure, a vestibuloplasty was either performed with two FGGs from the palate (n = 21 patients) or with the CM (n = 27 patients). Surgery time was recorded from the first incision to the last suture. Follow‐up examinations were performed at the following time points: 10, 30, 90, and 180 days and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after surgery. The width of keratinized mucosa was measured at the buccal aspect of each implant, and augmented sites were evaluated in terms of their clinical appearances (texture and color).ResultsThe groups showed similar healing with increased peri‐implant keratinized mucosa after surgery (FGG: 13.06 mm ± 2.26 mm and CM: 12.96 mm ± 2.86 mm). The maximum follow‐up was 5 years (5 patients per group). After 180 days, the width of keratinized mucosa had decreased to 67.08 ± 13.85% in the FGG group and 58.88 ± 14.62% in the CM group with no statistically significant difference. The total loss of the width of keratinized mucosa after 5 years was significant between the FGG (40.65%) and the CM group (52.89%). The CM group had significantly shorter operation times than the FGG group. Augmented soft tissues had a comparable clinical appearance to adjacent native gingiva in the CM group. FGGs could still be defined after 5 years.ConclusionsThe FGG and the CM are both suitable for the regeneration of the peri‐implant keratinized mucosa with a sufficient long‐term stability. With the CM, tissue harvesting procedures are invalid, surgery time can be reduced, and regenerated tissues have a more esthetic appearance.
Leishmaniasis
Authors: Von Stebut Esther 
Published: February 2015

SummaryInfections with Leishmania spp. rank among the top three most common travel‐associated dermatoses. Depending on the country where the infection was acquired and the patient's immune status, different disease manifestations may be observed. Ninety percent of cases present as cutaneous leishmaniasis, but the infection may also affect internal organs (visceral leishmaniasis). Without treatment, the latter is often fatal. Intermediate types include recurrent, diffuse, or mucocutaneous forms. Nodular lesions on exposed skin with a tendency to ulcerate over time in combination with a travel history should therefore prompt workup for leishmaniasis. The diagnosis is made through histology, parasite culture, and PCR using biopsy material. Therapeutic options range from local therapies in cases with singular lesions to systemic therapy in patients with more severe forms. The present review discusses the most important clinical features, details about diagnostic measures, and current therapeutic approaches.
Roles of p38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase in mouse models of inflammatory diseases and cancer
Authors: Gupta Jalaj , Nebreda Angel R. 
Published: February 2015

The p38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway not only regulates the production of inflammatory mediators, but also controls processes related to tissue homeostasis, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, which are often disrupted during malignant transformation. The versatility of this signaling pathway allows for the regulation of many specific functions depending on the cell type and context. Here, we discuss mouse models that have been used to identify in vivo functions of p38α signaling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Experiments using genetically modified mice and pharmacological inhibitors support that targeting the p38α pathway could be therapeutically useful for some inflammatory diseases and tumor types.
Occurrence of demersal fishes in relation to near‐bottom oxygen levels within the California Current large marine ecosystem
Authors: Keller Aimee A. , Ciannelli Lorenzo , Wakefield W. Waldo , Simon Victor , Barth John A. , Pierce Stephen D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractVarious ocean‐climate models driven by increased greenhouse gases and higher temperatures predict a decline in oceanic dissolved oxygen (DO) as a result of greater stratification, reduced ventilation below the thermocline, and decreased solubility at higher temperatures. Since spreading of low oxygen waters is underway and predicted to increase, understanding impacts on higher trophic levels is essential. Within the California Current System, shoaling of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) is expected to produce complex changes. Onshore movement of the OMZ could lead to habitat compression for species with higher oxygen requirements while allowing expansion of species tolerant of low bottom DO. As part of annual groundfish surveys, we sampled catch across a range of conditions from the upper to the lower limit of the OMZ and shoreward across the continental shelf of the US west coast. DO ranged from 0.02 to 4.25 mL L−1 with 642 stations (of 1020 sampled) experiencing hypoxic conditions in 2008–2010. Catch and species richness exhibited significant and positive relationships with near‐bottom oxygen concentration. The probability of occurrence was estimated for four species (spotted ratfish, petrale sole, greenstriped rockfish and Dover sole) using a binomial Generalized Additive Model. The models for each species included terms for position, day of the year, salinity, near‐bottom temperature and the interaction term between depth and near‐bottom DO. Spotted ratfish and petrale sole were sensitive to changes in near‐bottom oxygen, while greenstriped rockfish and Dover sole show no changes in probability of occurrence in relation to changes in oxygen concentration.
Effects of climate on temporal variation in the abundance and distribution of the demersal fish assemblage in the Tsushima Warm Current region of the Japan Sea
Authors: Tu Chen‐Yi , Tian Yongjun , Hsieh Chih‐Hao 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn the present study, we examined the effects of climate on temporal variation in the abundance and geographical distribution of demersal fishes at both interannual and decadal scales in the Tsushima Warm Current region of the Japan Sea using single‐trawler fishery data (1972–2002). This single‐trawler fishery targeted multiple species with different geographical affinities and life history traits. Thus, these data were suitable for examining the biological mechanisms that underlie how species respond to climate variability. Our results indicate that the distributional changes of species in response to decadal climate variability are best explained by asymptotic length, which indicates that warming has greater negative effects on larger fishes in the Japan Sea. However, none of the variables examined (including geographical affinity, asymptotic length and age at maturation) could explain the shift in abundance at interannual or decadal scales. It should be noted that life history traits and geographical affinities only provide partial explanations of the responses of species to environmental variability, thereby suggesting that other factors, such as interactions among species, may be involved in mediating species responses.
The cold‐water climate shield: delineating refugia for preserving salmonid fishes through the 21st century
Authors: Isaak Daniel J. , Young Michael K. , Nagel David E. , Horan Dona L. , Groce Matthew C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe distribution and future fate of ectothermic organisms in a warming world will be dictated by thermalscapes across landscapes. That is particularly true for stream fishes and cold‐water species like trout, salmon, and char that are already constrained to high elevations and latitudes. The extreme climates in those environments also preclude invasions by most non‐native species, so identifying especially cold habitats capable of absorbing future climate change while still supporting native populations would highlight important refugia. By coupling crowd‐sourced biological datasets with high‐resolution stream temperature scenarios, we delineate network refugia across >250 000 stream km in the Northern Rocky Mountains for two native salmonids—bull trout (BT) and cutthroat trout (CT). Under both moderate and extreme climate change scenarios, refugia with high probabilities of trout population occupancy (>0.9) were predicted to exist (33–68 BT refugia; 917–1425 CT refugia). Most refugia are on public lands (>90%) where few currently have protected status in National Parks or Wilderness Areas (<15%). Forecasts of refuge locations could enable protection of key watersheds and provide a foundation for climate smart planning of conservation networks. Using cold water as a ‘climate shield’ is generalizable to other species and geographic areas because it has a strong physiological basis, relies on nationally available geospatial data, and mines existing biological datasets. Importantly, the approach creates a framework to integrate data contributed by many individuals and resource agencies, and a process that strengthens the collaborative and social networks needed to preserve many cold‐water fish populations through the 21st century.
Neutrophil CD64 level as a rapid and promising diagnostic tool for infectious diseases in elderly patients
Authors: Otsuki Nozomi , Tsutani Hiroshi , Matsui Toshihiro , Iwasaki Hiromichi , Ueda Takanori 
Published: February 2015

AimWe examined the utility of the neutrophil CD64 level as a rapid and sensitive diagnostic marker for infections in febrile aged patients.MethodsThe expression level of CD64 per neutrophil was quantitatively measured with flow cytometry using a QuantiBrite kit in samples from febrile (aged >65 years) patients. Information about the presence or absence of infectious disease was retrospectively obtained from each patient's medical record in which attending physicians were obliged to write down a tentative diagnosis after resolution of manifestations.ResultsWith receiver operating characteristic curve evaluation using the results, a CD64 level >2000 molecules per neutrophil was sensitive and specific for detecting infection. Among 102 patients suspected of having infection, 72 patients were diagnosed with infectious diseases, and 30 patients had non‐infectious diseases. The sensitivity and specificity of determination of the neutrophil CD64 level were 88% and 63%, respectively. However, considering the high frequency of infections in elderly patients (71% in the present study), the post‐test probability reached as high as 93%. The positive likelihood ratio was 2.4, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.2.ConclusionsConsidering the frequency of infectious diseases in elderly patients, determination of the neutrophil CD64 level helps detect infectious diseases. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 16: 307–313.
A parent‐based intervention to promote healthy eating and active behaviours in pre‐school children: evaluation of theMEND2–4 randomized controlled trial
Authors: Skouteris H. , Hill B. , McCabe M. , Swinburn B. , Busija L. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBackgroundThere is a paucity of studies evaluating targeted obesity prevention interventions in pre‐school children.ObjectivesWe conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a parent‐based obesity prevention intervention for pre‐schoolers –MEND(Mind,Exercise,Nutrition … DoIt!) 2–4 on child diet, eating habits, physical activity/sedentary behaviours, and body mass index (BMI).MethodsParent–child dyads attended 10 weekly 90‐min workshops relating to nutrition, physical activity and behaviours, including guided active play and healthy snack time. Assessments were conducted at baseline, immediately post‐intervention, and 6 and 12 months post‐intervention; child intake of vegetables, fruit, beverages, processed snack foods, fussiness, satiety responsiveness, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and neophobia were assessed via parent proxy report. Parent and child height and weight were measured.ResultsTwo hundred one parent–child dyads were randomized to intervention (n = 104) and control (n = 97). Baseline mean child age was 2.7 (standard deviation [SD] 0.6) years, and childBMI‐for‐agez‐score (World Health Organization) was 0.66 (SD0.88). We found significant positive group effects for vegetable (P = 0.01) and snack food (P = 0.03) intake, and satiety responsiveness (P = 0.047) immediately post‐intervention. At 12 months follow‐up, intervention children exhibited less neophobia (P = 0.03) than controls.ConclusionFuture research should focus on additional strategies to support parents to continue positive behaviour change. ACTRN12610000200088.
MRI Assessment of Ablation‐Induced Scarring in Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis from the DECAAF Study
Authors: AKOUM NAZEM , WILBER DAVID , HINDRICKS GERHARD , JAIS PIERRE , CATES JOSH , MARCHLINSKI FRANCIS , KHOLMOVSKI EUGENE , BURGON NATHAN , HU NAN , MONT LLUIS , DENEKE THOMAS , DUYTSCHAEVER MATTIAS , NEUMANN THOMAS , MANSOUR MOUSSA , MAHNKOPF CHRISTIAN , HUTCHINSON MATHEW , HERWEG BENGT , DAOUD EMILE , WISSNER ERIK , BRACHMANN JOHANNES , MARROUCHE NASSIR F. 
Published: February 2015

MRI Assessment of Ablation‐Induced Scarring in Atrial FibrillationBackgroundThere is limited knowledge on the extent and location of scarring that results from catheter ablation and its role in suppressing atrial fibrillation (AF). We examined the effect of atrial fibrosis and ablation‐induced scarring on catheter ablation outcomes in AF.MethodsWe conducted a prospective multicenter study that enrolled 329 AF patients presenting for catheter ablation. Delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE‐MRI) of the left atrium was obtained preablation. Scarring was evaluated in 177 patients with a DE‐MRI scan obtained 90 days postablation. We evaluated residual fibrosis, defined as preablation atrial fibrosis not covered by ablation scar. The primary outcome was freedom from recurrent atrial arrhythmia.ResultsIn the analysis cohort of 177 patients, preablation fibrosis was 18.7 ± 8.7% of the atrial wall. Ablation aimed at pulmonary vein (PV) isolation was performed in 163 patients (92.1%). Ablation‐induced scar averaged 10.6 ± 4.4% of the atrial wall. Scarring completely encircled all 4 PVs only in 12 patients (7.3%). Residual fibrosis was calculated at 15.8 ± 8.0%. At 325 days follow‐up, 35% of patients experienced recurrent arrhythmia. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models demonstrated that baseline atrial fibrosis (HR and 95% CIs) (1.09 [1.06–1.12], P < 0.001) and residual fibrosis (1.09 [1.05–1.13], P < 0.001) were associated with atrial arrhythmia recurrence, while PV encirclement and overall scar were not.ConclusionsCatheter ablation of AF targeting PVs rarely achieves permanent encircling scar in the intended areas. Overall atrial fibrosis present at baseline and residual fibrosis uncovered by ablation scar are associated with recurrent arrhythmia.