bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting sustainable financial behaviour: implications for education and research
Authors: Hira Tahira K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe current financial crisis has clearly shown that national financial health is strongly tied to the household financial well‐being, and that most consumers were not well equipped with knowledge they needed to cope with this crisis. The failure of markets, institutions, businesses and households during the current financial crisis also revealed the serious economic risks posed by widespread unethical and irresponsible behaviour. The focus of this paper is to explore how, through financial education, we can improve the economic performance of individuals in the economy, both for their own well‐being and for the well‐being of society at large. However, for that to happen, the current approach to financial education will have to include the discussion of attitudes, values and beliefs that enable us to make financial decision that promote long‐term security for families and communities. After establishing the importance of financial education, the challenges and opportunities of the current status of financial education, with emphasis on the complexity of human and financial behaviour, are discussed. It, then, argues for the promotion of responsible behaviour by integrating fundamental values in financial education. Discussion of how selected learning theories can be used to develop effective teaching approaches and the implications for future research conclude the paper.
Getting Cinderella to the ball: putting education at the heart of financial education
Authors: Baumann Carol , Hall Tony 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe recent banking collapse has called into question all activity related to financial services, from regulation to consumer protection, to financial education. Since the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development's 2005 ‘Recommendations on Principles and Good Practices for Financial Education and Awareness’, there has been an increase in financial education activity, yet the world is a different place. The role of financial education, its scope and its potential, must now be critically analysed to help ensure its efficacy in supporting financial rectitude in challenging times. The authors draw on several years’ experience in the design and delivery of financial education programmes and debt prevention interventions, informed by their perspective as educationalists. In this theoretical commentary, they seek to influence the discourse on financial education, and position education as a foundational discipline in financial education. The authors identify potential risk to the future of financial education, engaging with the literature that questions the validity of financial education as an endeavour in consumer protection, which points to the dearth of empirical evidence to support its effectiveness, and which queries the efficacy of resourcing such initiative development. They argue that financial education focused on consumption cannot serve the citizen; rather, financial education must be rooted in the needs of the individual. Through these analyses, the authors highlight areas of further research, which when undertaken, can lead to more effective outcomes for all. This article introduces the concept of financial edification as an approach to financial education, predicated on the needs of the individual. In repositioning financial education as a pedagogical endeavour, the article asserts that financial education, when not driven by education, cannot achieve its true potential; it is time for Cinderella to go to the ball.
Designing a financial literacy course for a liberal arts curriculum
Authors: Crain Susan J. , Ragan Kent P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe broad objectives of liberal education include the instilling of a sense of responsible citizenship along with knowledge that creates a better society. Although financial literacy is required at both the individual and public levels for an improved societal outcome to ensue, it is rare to find a finance‐related course within the general education curriculum of most universities. Liberal arts administrators and faculty are reluctant to include finance‐related courses because they are not perceived to be sufficiently broad in scope. The argument is accurate for a typical personal finance course. However, the purpose of this article is to show that it is possible to construct a financial literacy course with design features that make it acceptable for inclusion in the general education curriculum of a liberal arts university. First, the objectives of liberal education are highlighted, as enumerated by three independent organizations [American Academy for Liberal Education (AALE), Association of American Colleges and Universities and the Annapolis Group]. Next, the assessment standards of the AALE are utilized to develop the pedagogical features of the course design. A liberal arts focus can be achieved by including topical readings, in‐class discussions or debates and a research paper that highlights the societal impacts of financial decisions. Finally, it is illustrated how the design features allow the course to fulfil the assessment standards of liberal arts objectives including effective reasoning, broad and deep learning and the inclination to inquire.
Financial literacy education and behaviour unhinged: combating bias and poor product design
Authors: West Jason 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe growth of products available in the consumer financial market has provided more choice and formal control over household financial decisions than ever before. Financial literacy education programs are generally assumed to improve consumer behaviour in relation to financial products and services. However, there is scant evidence that demonstrates the causal link between education, literacy and behaviour. Through the use of a sample study, we show that the actions of individuals who are financially literate do not necessarily mean they will demonstrate good financial behaviour. We propose that in order to improve the financial behaviour of consumers, two critical areas need to be addressed. Firstly, the objectives of financial literacy programs should be not only to educate consumers about financial markets and products but highlight to individuals the psychological biases and limitations that they as humans cannot easily avoid. Secondly, the regulation of financial products sold to consumers needs alteration to meet the aim of protecting retail consumers from complex financial products that are confusing, ambiguous and inappropriate. We propose regulation and redesign of product information offerings using techniques employed in ecological interface design models to derive a suitability test for consumer financial products.
Reference budgets for counselling on how to manage private household finance – requirements and patterns based on international experience
Authors: Preuße Heide 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe approach described in the present article intends to create a conceptual design for German reference budgets, which can be used for counselling purposes. The introductory presentation of the term ‘reference budget’ and its significance in general is followed by the explanation of budget management in private households in the microeconomic sense. This determines the requirements on budget counselling and the teaching of financial literacy. Moreover, being the ideal type, these represent the examination criteria applied for the assessment of available reference budgets. By a comparison of existing international approaches, it is then investigated whether and in which form reference budgets are used for counselling in various countries. The information thus obtained will conclusively be used to reflect the previous development process of German reference budgets. Their state of progress can be compared with the ideal type on the one hand and with internationally adopted concepts on the other hand. In conclusion, some requirements that follow from the ideal‐type view can already be fulfilled with the German concept of reference budgets. Others can serve as the distant goal towards which the long‐term process will be geared.
Culture of a Gastric Non‐Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter from the Stomach of a 14‐Year‐Old Girl
Authors: Wüppenhorst Nicole , von Loewenich Friederike , Hobmaier Beate , Vetter‐Knoll Marianne , Mohadjer Sona , Kist Manfred 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHelicobacter felis belongs to the fastidious gastric non‐Helicobacter pylori helicobacter species that are typically found in the stomach of cats and dogs. These bacteria have the potential to colonize the human stomach and are then associated with gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, and MALT lymphoma. Strains cultured from the human stomach are rare. Here, we present the first isolation of H. felis from a gastric biopsy specimen of a 14‐year‐old girl who presented with persistent epigastric pain. The strain was cultured using our routine protocol for H. pylori and identified by phylogenetic analyses of partial urease AB and gyrB gene sequences.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in the MADIT‐CRT Trial
Authors: NOYES KATIA , VEAZIE PETER , HALL WILLIAM JACKSON , ZHAO HONGWEI , BUTTACCIO APRIL , THEVENET‐MORRISON KELLY , MOSS ARTHUR J. 
Published: August 2012

Cost Effectiveness of MADIT‐CRT. Background: The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial‐Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT‐CRT) trial demonstrated that cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) when added to the implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) reduces risk of heart failure or death in minimally symptomatic patients with reduced cardiac ejection fraction and wide QRS complex.Objectives: To evaluate 4‐year cost‐effectiveness of CRT‐ICD compared to ICD alone using MADIT‐CRT data.Research Design: Patients enrolled in the trial were randomized to implantation of either ICD or CRT‐ICD in a 2:3 ratio, with up to 4‐year follow‐up period. Cost‐effectiveness analyses were conducted, and sensitivity analyses by age, gender, and left bundle branch block (LBBB) conduction pattern were performed.Subjects: A total of 1,271 patients with ICD or CRT‐ICD (US centers only) who reported healthcare utilization and health‐related quality of life data.Measures: We used the EQ‐5D (US weights) to assess patient HRQOL and translated utilization data to costs using national Medicare reimbursement rates.Results: Average 4‐year healthcare expenditures in CRT‐ICD patients were higher than costs of ICD patients ($62,600 vs 57,050, P = 0.015), mainly due to the device and implant‐related costs. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of CRT‐ICD compared to ICD was $58,330/quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) saved. The cost effectiveness improved with longer time horizon and for the LBBB subgroup ($7,320/QALY), with no cost‐effectiveness benefit being evident in the non‐LBBB group.Conclusions: In minimally symptomatic patients with low ejection fraction and LBBB, CRT‐ICD is cost effective within 4‐year horizon when compared to ICD‐only. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 66‐74, January 2013)
Phase Transition and Electrical Properties of Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3–BiFeO3 Ceramics
Authors: Li Cai‐Xia , Yang Bin , Zhang Shan‐Tao , Wu Feng‐Min , Cao Wen‐Wu 
Published: August 2012

Lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics of (1 − x)Ba0.70 Ca0.30TiO3–xBiFeO3 [(1 − x)BCT–xBF, x = 0–0.065] have been prepared and investigated. The ceramics with x ≤ 0.06 have diphasic tetragonal and orthorhombic crystal structures, whereas tetragonal phase is suppressed by the introduction of BF. As a result, the composition with x = 0.065 is found to have diphasic pseudocubic and orthorhombic phases. Significantly composition‐dependent grain size is observed. With increasing x from 0 to 0.065, the ferroelectric‐paraelectric phase transition temperature decreases monotonically from 128°C to 50°C, accompanied by enhanced ferroelectric relaxor behavior, as indicated by the widened diffused phase transition temperature. The room temperature polarization–electric field (P–E) hysteresis loops and strain–electric field (S–E) curves indicate that the ferroelectricity enhances slightly and reaches the maximum near x = 0.05, and then weakens with increasing x. On the other hand, the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and electromechanical coupling coefficient (kp) decrease simultaneously with increasing x, whereas the mechanical quality factor (Qm) reaches the maximum near x = 0.05. The structure‐property relationship is discussed intensively. Our results may be helpful for further understanding and designing BaTiO3‐related lead‐free ferroelectric/piezoelectric materials.
Glutamate control of pulpal blood flow in the incisor dental pulp of the rat
Authors: Zerari‐Mailly Fouzia , Braud Adeline , Davido Nicolas , Touré Babacar , Azérad Jean , Boucher Yves 
Published: August 2012

Glutamate is present in primary sensory afferents innervating the dental pulp and is known to exert vasoactive effects. The aims of this study were (i) to assess pulpal blood flow (PBF) after glutamate infusion in the dental pulp and (ii) to observe the distribution of glutamatergic nerve fibers expressing the vesicular transporters of glutamate (VGluT). The PBF was monitored with laser Doppler flowmetry before and after glutamate (0.5 M) infusion in the dental pulp vs. saline infusion. Immunochemistry for VGluT1, 2, and 3 was performed in addition to immunochemistry for the vascular and neuronal markers smooth‐muscle actin (SMA), isolectin B4 (IB4), and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP). Glutamate infusion resulted in a PBF increase that lasted for 60 s. Positive immunolabeling was observed for the three glutamate transporters, but was more pronounced for VGluT3. Moreover, VGluT3 immunoreactivity was observed within nerve fibers entering the dental pulp and terminating at the periphery and at the vicinity of odontoblasts. Also, VGluT3 was colocalized with the vascular marker SMA, and in some nerve fibers with IB4, but not with CGRP. This study provides support for a control of dental pulp microcirculation by neurons expressing VGluT3.
Sociobehavioral aspects of periodontal disease
Authors: Thomson W. Murray , Sheiham Aubrey , Spencer A. John 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAs one of the most common chronic diseases suffered by adults, periodontitis affects sufferers’ day‐to‐day lives and is a threat to the integrity of the dentition. An important part in the condition’s occurrence is played by sociobehavioural factors, the understanding of which is facilitated by using a number of largely complementary theoretical frameworks. Differences among individuals with respect to their periodontal status at any particular point in their life‐course (and particularly once they are into early middle‐age and beyond) are likely to have resulted from prolonged and differential exposure to the various protective and risk factors that determine their periodontal status. Thus, a sound understanding of the psychosocial pathways of the behaviors that are strongly linked to periodontal disease – and how such psychological factors affect the response of the periodontal tissues to pathogens – is essential for improving periodontal health, whether at the personal level or at the population level. Controlling periodontitis in populations therefore requires a number of complementary strategies. The current state of knowledge of its risk factors means that there is sufficient information to enable control of the disease, and public health officials should include it alongside their efforts to control dental caries. Controlling periodontitis has three strategies: (i) a population strategy for altering life practices, particularly those determining smoking behavior and oral self‐care (plaque removal) in the community; (ii) a secondary prevention strategy to detect and treat people with destructive periodontal disease; and (iii) a high‐risk strategy for treating existing disease and preventing further disease in those at special risk. The Common Risk Factor Approach and the health promotion approach are key aspects of these strategies.
Translating science into action – prevention of periodontal disease at patient level
Authors: Baehni Pierre C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFor years, prevention of periodontal disease has focused mainly on improving patient oral hygiene. The role of the dentist and dental hygienist was to ‘motivate’ the patient to adopt the proper technique for plaque removal. Today, prevention has shifted to a broader and more comprehensive approach with preventive interventions that target local etiologic as well as general risk factors. The present report, which focuses on prevention at the patient level, describes the current trend in preventive care characterized by a global and patient‐centered approach.
Translating science into action: periodontal health through public health approaches
Authors: Jürgensen Nanna , Petersen Poul E. , Ogawa Hiroshi , Matsumoto Sayaka 
Published: August 2012

AbstractClinical and public health research data have shown that a number of individual, professional and community health measures may be valuable in preventing the major oral diseases. The fundamental gap in knowledge, however, is not confined to ‘what to do’ but rather ‘how’ to translate the scientific findings into effective and sustainable programs for groups and populations. The advances in oral health science have not yet benefitted the poor and disadvantaged population groups around the world to the fullest extent possible and this has led to inequalities in periodontal health as well as in other chronic diseases. Research on the causative role of tobacco use in periodontal disease is strong because of the fact that tobacco‐induced disease ultimately may lead to the loss of teeth. Studies also indicate that wound healing may be negatively affected by the use of tobacco. Likewise, research has shown that extreme use of alcohol, poor diet and nutrition, and psychological stress all have negative effects on periodontal health. Research on sociobehavioral risk factors has great implication to prevent periodontal disease. The case for tobacco is illustrated in this report. The global exposure to tobacco use in adults and adolescents is outlined. Because of the global Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (2003), the solid research on the harmful effect of tobacco is now being widely used for public health. The importance of tobacco prevention within the context of health‐promoting schools is emphasized. Research on other population‐directed strategies and their implications on public health would be instrumental to integrated prevention of chronic disease and periodontal disease. Community interventions and delivery of preventive oral care by oral health services may have positive outcomes for periodontal health but periodontal research needs to be further strengthened by the provision of sound evidence. It is somewhat remarkable that research on true population‐directed actions in prevention of periodontal disease is most unusual. The high need for reorientation of periodontal research toward public health is discussed in this report as well as the responsibilities of oral health organizations, research institutions and health authorities.
Oral magnesium for relief in pregnancy‐induced leg cramps: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Supakatisant Chayanis , Phupong Vorapong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLeg cramps are common in pregnant women. Currently, there is no standard treatment for pregnancy‐induced leg cramps. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of oral magnesium in pregnant women with leg cramps. This double‐blinded, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial included 86 healthy pregnant women, 14–34 weeks of gestation who had leg cramps at least twice per week. The study period was 4 weeks. Eighty women completed the study. Forty‐one women were assigned to magnesium bisglycinate chelate (300 mg per day) and 39 women to placebo. Details of leg cramps were recorded before beginning the treatment and the fourth week of study. Outcome measure was the reduction of cramp frequency after treatment and cramp intensity measured by 100‐mm visual analogue scale.Fifty per cent reduction of cramp frequency was significantly higher in the magnesium group than the placebo group (86.0% vs. 60.5%, P = 0.007). The 50% reduction of cramp intensity was also significantly higher in the treatment group than in the placebo group (69.8% vs. 48.8%, P = 0.048). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of side effects such as nausea and diarrhoea. These results demonstrated that oral magnesium supplement can improve the frequency and intensity of pregnancy‐induced leg cramps. Therefore, oral magnesium may be a treatment option for women suffering from pregnancy‐induced leg cramps.
TheP1/P2 proteins of the human ribosomal stalk are required for ribosome binding and depurination by ricin in human cells
Authors: May Kerrie L. , Li Xiao‐Ping , Martínez‐Azorín Francisco , Ballesta Juan P. G. , Grela Przemysław , Tchórzewski Marek , Tumer Nilgun E. 
Published: August 2012

RicinA‐chain (RTA) depurinates the sarcin–ricin loop of 28S ribosomalRNAand inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells. In yeast, the ribosomal stalk facilitates the interaction ofRTAwith the ribosome and subsequent depurination. Despite homology between the stalk structures from yeast and humans, there are notable differences. The human ribosomal stalk contains two identical heterodimers ofP1 andP2 bound toP0, whereas the yeast stalk consists of two different heterodimers,P1α–P2β andP2α–P1β, bound toP0.RTAexhibits higher activity towards mammalian ribosomes than towards ribosomes from other organisms, suggesting that the mode of interaction with ribosomes may vary. Here, we examined whether the human ribosomal stalk proteins facilitate the interaction ofRTAwith human ribosomes and subsequent depurination of the sarcin–ricin loop. Using small interferingRNA‐mediated knockdown ofP1/P2 expression in human cells, we demonstrated that the depurination activity ofRTAis lower whenP1 andP2 levels are reduced. Biacore analysis showed that ribosomes fromP1/P2‐depleted cells have a reduced ability to bindRTA, which correlates with reduced depurination activity bothin vitroand inside cells.RTAinteracts directly with recombinant humanP1–P2 dimer, further demonstrating the importance of humanP1 andP2 in enablingRTAto bind and depurinate human ribosomes.Structured digital abstractP2, P1 and RTA physically interact by surface plasmon resonance (View interaction)P2, P1 and RTA physically interact by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)