bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human lung-resident macrophages express CB1 and CB2 receptors whose activation inhibits the release of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors
Authors: Staiano Rosaria I , Loffredo Stefania , Borriello Francesco , Iannotti Fabio Arturo , Piscitelli Fabiana , Orlando Pierangelo , Secondo Agnese , Granata Francescopaolo , Lepore Maria Teresa , Fiorelli Alfonso , Varricchi Gilda , Santini Mario , Triggiani Massimo , Di Marzo Vincenzo , Marone Gianni 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Macrophages are pivotal effector cells in immune responses and tissue remodeling by producing a wide spectrum of mediators, including angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors. Activation of cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 has been suggested as a new strategy to modulate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We investigated whether human lung-resident macrophages express a complete endocannabinoid system by assessing their production of endocannabinoids and expression of cannabinoid receptors. Unstimulated human lung macrophage produce 2-arachidonoylglycerol, N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine, N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine, and N-oleoyl-ethanolamine. On LPS stimulation, human lung macrophages selectively synthesize 2-arachidonoylglycerol in a calcium-dependent manner. Human lung macrophages express cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2, and their activation induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species generation. Cannabinoid receptor activation by the specific synthetic agonists ACEA and JWH-133 (but not the endogenous agonist 2-arachidonoylglycerol) markedly inhibits LPS-induced production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, vascular endothelial growth factor-C, and angiopoietins and modestly affects IL-6 secretion. No significant modulation of TNF-α or IL-8/CXCL8 release was observed. The production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A by human monocyte-derived macrophages is not modulated by activation of cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2. Given the prominent role of macrophage-assisted vascular remodeling in many tumors, we identified the expression of cannabinoid receptors in lung cancer-associated macrophages. Our results demonstrate that cannabinoid receptor activation selectively inhibits the release of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors from human lung macrophage but not from monocyte-derived macrophages. Activation of cannabinoid receptors on tissue-resident macrophages might be a novel strategy to modulate macrophage-assisted vascular remodeling in cancer and chronic inflammation.
Physical Gelation by Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds and Development of Gelators
Authors: Hanabusa Kenji , Suzuki Masahiro 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We discuss low-molecular-weight compounds, which undergo physical gelation, as gelators. There is a close relationship between crystallization and gelation with respect to the driving forces. Both crystallization and gelation are driven by noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, electrostatic interactions, and π–π interactions. Typical gelators, which include amino acid derivatives, trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane derivatives, and cyclic(dipeptide)s, are discussed. A concept of “gelation-driving segment” has been proposed. Hydrogelators, functional gelators, and polymer-type gelators are developed by using gelation-driving segments.
Η απεικόνιση των οπωρών στην παλαιοχριστιανική τέχνη. Η περίπτωση της Θεσσαλονίκης
Authors: ΜΑΡΚΗ Ευτέρπη 
Published: October 2015

<p>Το άρθρο πραγματεύεται το πότε και γιατί αρχίζει η απεικόνιση των οπωρών στην τέχνη της Θεσσαλονίκης, τα απεικονιζόμενα είδη δέντρων, φυτών και φρούτων, καθώς και τον τρόπο της καλλιτεχνικής τους διαπραγμάτευσης, στις νεκρικές τοιχογραφίες και στα εντοίχια και επιδαπέδια ψηφιδωτά από τον 3ο έως τον 7ο αιώνα.</p> <p> </p>
Η αρχιτεκτονική του συγκροτήματος των Αγίων Αναργύρων στο Κάτω Σαγκρί Νάξου
Authors: ΜΑΜΑΛΟΥΚΟΣ Σταύρος 
Published: October 2015

<!-- @page { margin: 0.79in } P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } --> <p><span lang="el-GR">Το</span><span lang="el-GR"> οικοδομικό συγκρότημα των τριών, ναών του κτήματος Μπογιατζόγλου, στο Κάτω Σαγκρί της Νάξου </span><span lang="el-GR">αφιερωμένο στους Αγίους Αναργύρους, στην Αγία Μαρίνα και στον Άγιο Ανδρέα</span><span lang="el-GR">, αλλά αναφερόμενο ως «Άγιοι Ανάργυροι», είναι ένα από τα λιγότερο γνωστά βυζαντινά μνημεία του νησιού. Σκοπός της μελέτης είναι η εξέταση της σύνθετης οικοδομικής ιστορίας και της αρχιτεκτονικής των τριών ναών, και μέσω αυτής η συμβολή στη μελέτη της βυζαντινής αρχιτεκτονικής των νησιών του Αιγαίου. </span></p> <p lang="el-GR"> </p>
Νεότερες παρατηρήσεις για το μαρμάρινο τέμπλο του Ταξιάρχη Λοκρίδας
Authors: ΣΥΘΙΑΚΑΚΗ-ΚΡΙΤΣΙΜΑΛΛΗ Βασιλική 
Published: October 2015

<!-- @page { margin: 0.79in } P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } --> <p>Κατά τη διάρκεια των εργασιών συντήρησης των αρχιτεκτονικών μελών του τέμπλου του Ταξιάρχη της Άγναντης προέκυψαν νέα στοιχεία, τα οποία τροποποιούν τη χρονολόγηση και αποκατάσταση που είχε προτείνει ο Αν. Ορλάνδος. Τα μαρμάρινα μέλη μπορούν να διακριθούν σε δύο ομάδες, που διαφέρουν στο διάκοσμο, στην εκτέλεση και στην ύλη. Η ύπαρξη δύο κατασκευαστικών φάσεων τεκμηριώνεται από την παρουσία υποδοχών στήριξης ξύλινου επιστυλίου στην άνω επιφάνεια του επιστυλίου του κεντρικού τμήματος, το οποίο καταργήθηκε με την προσθήκη του κοσμήτη. Η τεχνική της εκτέλεσης και ο κλασικίζων διάκοσμος της πρώτης ομάδας οδηγεί στη χρονολόγηση της ανέγερσης του ναού και της κατασκευής του τέμπλου στο α΄ μισό του 12<sup>ου</sup> αι., ενώ ο ανατολίζων διάκοσμος και η επιπεδόγλυφη τεχνική των γλυπτών της δεύτερης φάσης μάς επιτρέπουν να προσδιορίσουμε την περίοδο της ανακατασκευής στα τέλη του 13<sup>ου</sup> ή στις αρχές του 14<sup>ου</sup> αι.</p> <p> </p>
Οι ελληνοβουλγαρικοί ανταγωνισμοί μέσα από τις ανταποκρίσεις του "Φάρου της Μακεδονίας": (Φθινόπωρο 1885)
Authors: Γούναρης Βασίλης Κ. 
Published: October 2015

<p>No abstract </p>
ΤΟ ΔΡΟΜΟΚΑΪΤΕΙΟ ΦΡΕΝΟΚΟΜΕΙΟ: 1887-1903. ΟΨΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΕΓΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΗΣ ΕΝΟΣ ΙΔΡΥΜΑΤΙΚΟΥ ΘΕΣΜΟΥ
Authors: ΚΑΡΑΜΑΝΩΛΑΚΗΣ ΒΑΓΓΕΛΗΣ 
Published: October 2015

<p>Vangélis Karamanolakis, L'hôpital Dromokaitio (1887-1903)</p><p>Dans les années 1880, la ville d'Athènes est dotée de son premier hôpitalpsychiatrique privé, financé par un legs du commerçant, originaire del'île de Chios Zorzi Dromokaïti. L'hôpital Dromokaïtio, d'après le nomdu donateur, est installé à la périphérie de la ville. Il dispose le matériel,y compris médical, le plus avancé pour l'époque et vise la clientèle demalades payant mais prévoit aussi la prise en charge d'un nombre limitéde malades indigents. Le projet que défend cette institution, celui dutraitement scientifique de malades aliénés en milieu fermé, est accepréfroidement par ses destinataires, surtout du fait d'attitudes et des pratiquesfortes et bien établies mais aussi de l'expérience négative déjàaccumulée par sa mise en oeuvre en Europe occidentale. Le résultat estla prise en charge d'un nombre très limités de patients, choisis sur labase de critères sociaux et dans une moindre mesure sur la base de critèresmédicaux (en majorité des hommes, surtout des citadins, d'âge moyen,atteints de maladies lourdes et chroniques). Cet état de fait en liaisonavec les difficultés inhérentes à la psychiatrie conduiront rapidement àune rupture de confiance envers l'institution qui se manifestera par le départ de très nombreux malades. D'un autre coté la mise à dispositionde l'hôpital dans le réseau des établissements philanthropiques, trèsprésents à cette époque, son financement privé par des particuliers quirevendiquent une participation active dans les affaires de l'hôpital, lesattitudes idéologiques enfin qui font la correspondance entre maladiepsychique et classes inférieures, vont contribuer a renforcer le côté philanthropiquede l'insitution et vont provoquer l'augmentation substantielledes patients indigents jusqu'à dépasser le nombre de patients payants.Le résultat final sera la mise à l'écart du projet initial de l'hôpital jusqu'àsa transformation en asile.</p>
Η ΣΥΓΚΡΟΤΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΜΝΗΜΗΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΤΕΣΤΑΝΤΙΚΗ ΠΡΟΠΑΓΑΝΔΑ ΣΤΗ ΔΙΑΡΚΕΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΓΑΛΛΙΚΩΝ ΘΡΗΣΚΕΥΤΙΚΩΝ ΠΟΛΕΜΩΝ ΤΟΥ 16ου ΑΙΩΝΑ
Authors: ΓΑΓΑΝΑΚΗΣ ΚΩΣΤΑΣ 
Published: October 2015

<p>Costas Gaganakis, The construction of memory in Protestant propagandaduring the French Religious Wars</p><p>Subject of this article is the construction of collective, group memory,by French Protestant propagandists, such as Jean Crespin, during the troubled years of the French religious wars. The invention of a heroicpast, as constitutive element of Huguenot identity, not only served thepurposes of an imagined community, but equally sought to come toterms with the pressing political situation of the day. Huguenot polemicists,like François Hotman, also attempted to reconstruct Frenchnanional memory (and identity), by referring to an invented nationalpast, in order to justify their open rebellion against the French monarchy,especially following the events of August 1572.The insistence on the history of the martyrs, on the biblical identityof the Huguenots, served to consolidate inner bonds and to cultivatea sense of heroic perseverance for the persecuted minority. Huguenotcollective memory not only served to mould collective religious identity,but it also helped to promote a distinct political identity, that of afully loyal and wrongly persecuted, patriotic minority.</p>
Optimizing Product Launches in the Presence of Strategic Consumers
Authors: Lobel Ilan , Patel Jigar , Vulcano Gustavo , Zhang Jiawei 
Published: October 2015

A technology firm launches newer generations of a given product over time. At any moment, the firm decides whether to release a new version of the product that captures the current technology level at the expense of a fixed launch cost. Consumers are forward-looking and purchase newer models only when it maximizes their own future discounted surpluses. We start by assuming that consumers have a common valuation for the product and consider two product launch settings. In the first setting, the firm does not announce future release technologies and the equilibrium of the game is to release new versions cyclically with a constant level of technology improvement that is optimal for the firm. In the second setting, the firm is able to precommit to a schedule of technology releases and the optimal policy generally consists of alternating minor and major technology launch cycles. We verify that the difference in profits between the commitment and no-commitment scenarios can be significant, varying from 4% to 12%. Finally, we generalize our model to allow for multiple customer classes with different valuations for the product, demonstrating how to compute equilibria in this case and numerically deriving insights for different market compositions. This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
Theatre use in a large speciality teaching hospital
Authors: Mathavan Piyali Mitra , Mansoor Faiyaz , Mathavan Muthu 
Published: October 2015

Introduction: The surgical suite typically consumes 9–10% of the hospital budget. Surgical suites once needed only 20% use to produce a positive bottom line. However, the economics of the operating room environment have changed dramatically in the past 25 years. Aims: The aim was to study the use of the operation unit; to study the various costs involved and taking out the per hour cost of running the operation theatre (OT), and based on these, indicators bring out areas of systemic improvisation. Methodology: The study was completed over a period of three months in 2014, on 9 OTs of various clinical specialities and super-specialities in a 750-bed superspeciality post-graduate teaching hospital. The information regarding the use of the OT was collected retrospectively through studying the related records of the OT. Results: It was observed from the study that there was maximum use of the plastic surgery OT, which is 95%, followed by urology (93%), orthopedic and neurosurgery (92% each), general surgery (88%), ENT and oncology/pediatric surgery (85% each), gynecology (81%) and the additional OT 80%. Operating room efficiency depends on operating room scheduling to ensure smooth patient flow to, through and from the OT. OT planning is a complex task where numerous resources must be synchronised to achieve efficiency. Surgeon availability; operating team scheduling; patient-related information (i.e. estimated operating time, priority and diagnosis); equipment; and support resources must be carefully orchestrated. The cost for running the OT per hour comes to €111.47. Eight hours and 10 minutes were not used. Therefore, a cost of € 902.9 (8.1 hours x €111.47) could be saved by addressing the various reasons for delay in the OT.
Defying the limits of the plane: Two-dimensional space and its consequences in the search for the order of nature
Authors: Grüninger Paloma López 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The discussion about the order of nature holds a central position in the History of Biological Science. It reached its culmination between the mid-eighteenth and the late nineteenth century, when new knowledge forced a rearrangement of existing thought patterns to adapt them to the recently discovered complexity. Not only different concepts about the relationships among organisms were superseding one another, but also images, as a variety of structures were used to visually display these ideas. Each of these visualizations, usually described as ladders, maps, networks and trees, developed a particular, individual formal language, generating a unique and fascinating collection of graphical examples. This formal variability is a product of the changing ideas about nature, about its origins, and even about the position attributed to human beings within it. However, it is also the result of the authors’ struggle with the drawing space in which this order was to be inscribed.
By studying the history of the illustration of the order of nature from the perspective of applied image production, by analysing the strategies their authors used to visually express their ideas, the graphical elements they employed, in summary, the visual choices they made, much can be learnt about the visual medium itself, its specificity, its possibilities, its power. Using this approach, the following article will show that the transition from the scala naturae to maplike or treelike structures cannot be seen exclusively as proof of an intellectual transition, as a succession of abstract ideas, but as creative attempts to solve specific spatial problems imposed by the realm of the visual.
Picturing the creation of the world: The cosmogenic illustrations of Buffon’s Natural History of the Earth (1749–1785)
Authors: Roche Lucile 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe, the origin of the universe was not only a theologic preoccupation, as various scientists attempted to construct a comprehensive vision of the Earth’s past, formation and chronology. Far from trying to conflict scientific statements with the sacred tradition, this literature harmonized them, giving birth to a unique and noteworthy literature concerned with the origin of the world: Theories of the Earth. Originally published in 1749, Histoire et théorie de la Terre/Natural History of the Earth is an example of this. Written by the French naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc – aka Comte de Buffon – the treatise unveils the author’s cosmogenic views. According to him, the Earth is a fragment of the Sun, once impacted by a comet. The audacity of Buffon’s cosmogenic scenario can be surprising; yet it is nonetheless skilfully illustrated. Three of the illustrations draw our attention because of their distinct features. If some are highly accurate, others seem contradictory. This article will focus on the variety of outlooks its illustrations provide on the ground-breaking cosmogenic theory imagined by Buffon. We will particularly examine the extent to which they comply with the eighteenth-century ‘rationalization’ of the Genesis narrative.
Rio de Onor 1963-1965
Authors: Fernandez Sergio 
Published: October 2015

Uma relativa abertura resultante da conjuntura mundial do pós II Guerra irá permitir que a acção dos arquitectos, em óbvio contraponto aos modelos oficiais, pugne, e se afirme, por uma nova arquitectura que, aberta a valores de carácter internacional, se revê na produção do que se convencionou designar por Movimento Moderno. Os seus paradigmas serão tão rápida com acriticamente assimilados. Na defesa da autenticidade de uma arquitectura moderna devidamente legitimada, levantam-se vozes autorizadas como as de Keil do Amaral, que, em 47, lança a ideia da ”…recolha e classificação de elementos peculiares à arquitectura portuguesa nas diferentes regiões do país… fontes mais puras e coerentes para a formação de uma arquitectura moderna portuguesa”, ou de Távora que, na mesma data, nos Cadernos de Arquitectura, dirá: “ A casa popular fornecer-nos-á grandes lições quando devidamente estudada pois ela é a mais funcional e menos fantasiosa…aquela que está mais de acordo com as novas intenções.” Dez anos mais tarde, pela voz de Nuno Portas, na revista Arquitectura, dir-se-á ser necessário “…aprofundar as condições sociais, as realidades humanas do meio a que se dirige o trabalho dos arquitectos…”. Está reposta a questão da identidade em termos que se pretendem de rigor. A concretização do Inquérito à Arquitectura Popular, iniciado no fim da década de 50 e publicado em 61, conduzirá, não só a uma profunda revisão dos parâmetros que condicionavam, em termos de linguagem e, até, do uso de recursos técnicos inadequados ou economicamente incomportáveis, como a uma visão mais ampla e mais incisiva do homem, em Portugal. É nesse contexto que decorre a experiência de Rio de Onor, trabalho académico cujo desígnio inicial se limitava ao estudo da arquitectura local na tentativa de verificação de como poderia um arquitecto agir, dentro das suas atribuições disciplinares, em ambiente de quase total isolamento e, como consequência, de permanência dos modelos e de tecnologias ancestrais.A hipótese de se construir um equipamento de interesse para a comunidade, veio, de certo modo, confirmar o objectivo inicial. A vivência prolongada, na aldeia, permitiu identificar os seus sistemas de funcionamento, muitas das suas carências e os seus legítimos desejos de promoção. Identificados com a sua realidade, facilmente se estabeleceram relações que nos foram revelando realidades distantes da nossa condição citadina.As possibilidades de intervir disciplinarmente em interacção com a população, resultaram praticamente nulas, dadas as condições políticas da época. Estamos certos, no entanto, que essa experiência viria a abrir caminho para o nosso modo de agir em comunhão com os moradores em luta, nos centros urbanos, no imediato pós 25 de Abril, em condições sócio políticas totalmente distintas.
Programas y procesos Sobre la docencia del proyecto y la arquitectura
Authors: Domingo santos Juan 
Published: October 2015

Programs and process. A reflection on teaching projects and architecture
Architecture is not limited to drawing or function, it is not a plane or a photograph, is a vital process that combines experience, emotion and use. When working on a project we experience chance meetings, coincidences, discoveries and relationships that intertwine around themselves and eventually become the final product. From this perspective, creating what we call a “work of architecture” is simply an action based on observing, paying attention to what is happening around us and making connections between seemingly unrelated elements.
I think that architecture is not made of preconceived ideas; it comes from experimentation with a variety of topics related to issues such as landscape, archeology, agriculture, production, and history, among others. The project is a game that ends up dissolving the usual forms of space in an attempt to place a humanized touch on its end product. Architectural design therefore is predicated on the specific relationship with each of these aforementioned aspects.
Synthesis - Speculative Making as Architectural Thinking
Authors: Hatz Elizabeth Bonde 
Published: October 2015

Synthesis - Making Architecture
Think of making architecture – and you may think of Kykeon - the famous Greek drink, taken at the peak of the Eleusinian Mysteries. The word means to mix, blend, fuse…
The act of transforming water, barley, herbs, honey, wine and ground goats cheese into a drink, required from the beginning probably both speculations, tests, observations and discoveries. The act itself gave name to the drink; it was the blending, the physical experience of fusing the ingredients together by mixing that created the wonder, Kykeon.
Austrian professor of philosophy Allan Janik investigated reflection as a theory of knowledge in his study “The Silence of Cordelia”. A specialist on Wittgenstein, Janik argues from a series of tests that what he calls silent knowledge constitutes a realm of knowledge that can better be accessed through the synthesising complexity of arts than via calculating sciences. Certain complex things and skills simply seem to have to be acquired by physical experience and exchange, rather than only by words.
For an art as physical as Architecture, there would be no surprise if an equivalent of Janik’s silent knowledge would constitute a major element in producing and acquiring new creative knowledge.

Swedish Government initiated some 10 years ago a special funding program for research to be developed in art education, so called art research or Practice Based Research. Along with music, dance and visual arts, architecture was able to benefit from this rather bold initiative.
For Architecture, it seems to me, this was finally an acknowledgment of the fact that teaching architecture and researching architecture has to be approached also through the means of the making of architecture. A chance to directly test and challenge some of the processes involved in this making.
With a few examples from our programs, both in education and research, I would like to propose a discussion around the processes involved in the formation of Architectural Research by Design and how teaching architecture may form the rich foundation of creative research.
Computação e síntese de projecto: modelos computacionias como instrumentos metodológicos no ensino de projecto
Authors: Figueiredo Bruno 
Published: October 2015

O recurso a modelos computacionais como ferramentas de auxilio ao ensino de projecto é um assunto ainda pouco debatido e sem expressão nos currículos dos cursos de arquitectura em Portugal. Este artigo discute alguns tópicos que procuram clarificar a sua pertinência, nomeadamente, a metodologia que está inerente ao desenvolvimento de modelos computacionais no auxilio à geração de soluções de projecto, e ainda, por contribuírem para uma síntese de projecto.
Este artigo versa sobre a utilização de ferramentas digitais, em geral, e modelos computacionais em especifico, mostrando argumentos que se distanciam de ruptura metodológica e conceptual de processos de definição de projecto ditos tradicionais. Debate a possibilidade de transformação evolutiva desta mesma metodologia pelo aumento de recursos que se disponibilizam para o tratamento, organização e avaliação do conhecimento que os arquitectos têm sobre os princípios do projecto.