bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hydrodynamics of hovering in Antarctic krill
Authors: Murphy David W. , Webster Donald R. , Yen Jeannette 
Published: December 2013

Lay AbstractAntarctic krill, one of the most important species of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, are denser than water and must swim continuously to avoid sinking. They swim by beating their five pairs of swimming legs in a sequential pattern from back to front. Hovering by continuous swimming is costly in energy, and we hypothesize that the observed sequential stroking pattern provides an efficient means for krill to remain in the water column. Our goal was to measure the flow around a swimming Antarctic krill to understand the swimming mode and the induced water motion. We used four high‐speed cameras filming at 400 frames per second to measure the three‐dimensional flow produced by a krill hovering in an aquarium, allowing us to estimate the energy required. An additional estimate was made based on a theoretical model that is usually applied to helicopter hovering. The detailed velocity measurements provided information about the flow induced by the motion of the individual legs and the added benefit of the leg moving into water that was already flowing due to the motion of the previous leg. The water motion underneath the krill appeared as a time‐varying jet consistent with that observed for other multilegged swimming animals that use the sequential stroking pattern. This suggested that Antarctic krill are operating in a similar regime of high energy efficiency.
PECULIARITY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PRACTICAL USING OF FUNCTION-COST ANALYSIS, MODEL-BUILDING AT ENTERPRISES
Authors: Рыжова Валентина , Ryzhova Valentina 
Published: December 2013

The article represents significance of practical using of
function-cost analysis as a method of increasing of competitiveness
of investigating object. Unlike traditional methods and approach
FCA has its principals being universal and effective. Ways of its improving
are determined.
ENTERPRISE PROPERTY COMPLEX PROFIT POTENCIAL HARMONIZATION FROM THE POSITION OF VALUE ANALYSIS THEORY
Authors: Ковалев Анатолий , Kovalyev Anatoliy 
Published: December 2013

The article suggests to use the profit potencial conception,
well known from the value appraisal theory, at base value appraisal
by profitable approach. Discount net profit method allows to determine
enterprise property complex value as a whole. Farther from
the find property complex value singles out base value by the method
of residues. It is shown that the value result is adequate only when
there is a harmonicity or correspondence by profit potencial between
the base and building in which the base is exploited.
Screening the future: Ground/figure relations and media inheritance in WALL-E
Authors: Taylor Norman 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Marshall McLuhan’s deployment of figure and ground to explain media relations has been complicated by new technologies that open the control and flow of information to general users. This renders contingent the reading of context and content as users familiarize themselves with new forms. At such times, according to McLuhan, creative works may aid adjustments in perspective. Gilles Deleuze argues, for example, that the moving image inherited an essence from the traditional arts but had to adjust the gaze of users to a new logic of display. One way this was done was through framing a screen as a figure in the text of a moving picture scenario. In this way early film characterized how (and how not) to gaze at the screen itself and later, techniques of production were devised to sustain a seamless immersion in the ground of screen entertainments. By presenting technology as a narrative figure (a robot) that gains understanding of human behaviour through screens, the feature animation, WALL-E (Stanton, 2008), offers an opportunity to interrogate the shifting boundaries of human and digital cultures, suggesting the need for McLuhanite adjustment of Deleuzian claims about technological inheritance.
Eighteenth-century mapping of Cape Breton Island
Authors: MacLeod Erna 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This article examines historic changes occurring in Europe related to printing and cartography as they played out on Cape Breton Island during the eighteenth century. The research explores Cape Breton maps as one example of the reciprocal relationship between technologies, ideas and natural environments. The advent of print engendered a transformation in human thought that elevated rational, scientific ways of knowing. Technology and ideology worked hand in hand to reshape the world through the use of increasingly accurate maps to explore and exploit new territory. The gradual shift from imaginative to increasingly accurate cartographic representations reveals the blending and balancing of artistic and scientific sensibilities in Europe and the New World. Advances in Europeans’ ability to more accurately map trade routes led to expanded knowledge about the world, particularly about peripheral regions with strategic or commercial potential. Cape Breton maps illustrate changes occurring in Europe and intimate the global consequences of those changes. Cape Breton’s geographic positioning and abundant cod stocks made the island important to both France and England. Cape Breton maps evolved through an exchange of ideas occurring in both Europe and the New World, particularly at Louisbourg because of its pivotal role as a centre for trade and military activity in the Anglo-French competition for control of North America.
Low bone mineral density is related to high physiological levels of free thyroxine in peri-menopausal women
Authors: van Rijn L E , Pop V J , Williams G R 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo determine whether thyroid hormone (free thyroxine (fT4)) rather than TSH is directly related to bone mineral density (BMD).DesignCross-sectional population cohort study of peri-menopausal women.MethodsOf a sample of 6846 peri-menopausal Dutch women who participated in an osteoporosis-screening programme, a cohort of 2584 was randomly selected for the assessment of thyroid function (TSH, fT4and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Abs)). TPO-Ab-positive women, with a previous history of thyroid dysfunction, overt thyroid disease, subclinical hypothyroidism, osteoporosis or bilateral oophorectomy and those receiving thyroid hormone or hormone replacement therapy were excluded. Of 1477 eligible women, 1426 had TSH and fT4within the reference range and 51 had low or undetectable serum TSH. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and low BMD was defined as <0.937 g/cm2.ResultsThe mean BMD in the 51 women with low or undetectable serum TSH was 0.984 g/cm2compared with 1.001 g/cm2in the remaining 1426 (t=0.94,P=0.35); 33% of women with low or undetectable serum TSH had low BMD compared with 34% in 1426 euthyroid women. High fT4but not low TSH in euthyroid women was related to low BMD by multiple logistic regression corrected for age, BMI and smoking (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.02–1.69).ConclusionsHigher fT4levels within the normal reference range but not low or undetectable serum TSH were independently related to decreased BMD at lumbar spine in peri-menopausal women.
Influence of phosphorus, potassium, and copper on methane biofiltration performance
Authors: Nikiema Josiane , Brzezinski Ryszard , Heitz Michèle 
Published: December 2013

In addition to a carbon source, bacteria require for growth a variety of nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, and several other micronutrients including copper. The study described in this paper was conducted with the aim of determining the influence of phosphorus, potassium, and copper on methane elimination in a biofilter. The study revealed that the particular phosphorus concentration leading to the greatest methane elimination capacity, which was 44·7  g m−3 h−1 at a methane inlet load of 75  g m−3 h−1, was 3·1  g/L. The influence of the phosphorus concentration on the methane elimination capacities was also investigated for methane inlet loads of between 8 and 95  g m−3 h−1. The optimum range of the nitrogen  –  phosphorus mass ratios, determined during this study ranged from 0·5 to 2·5. It was established that, in comparison with phosphorus, potassium does not seem to be a determining element for the biological removal efficiency and does not significantly affect the microorganisms’ behaviour. However, a concentration of 0·076  g/L of potassium is recommended in the irrigation nutrient solution for an inlet load of 75  g m−3 h−1. The influence of the copper concentration was also studied by varying its concentration between the values of 0 and 0·006  g/L. The results have also shown that copper has a minor impact on the biofiltration of methane. This paper is the first report describing the influence of several nutrients in a biofilter. The knowledge provided by this study is necessary for the achievement of a biofilter indebted to methane control.
Sexual Orientation and Suicide Ideation, Plans, Attempts, and Medically Serious Attempts: Evidence From Local Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2001–2009
Authors: Stone Deborah M. , Luo Feijun , Ouyang Lijing , Lippy Caroline , Hertz Marci F. , Crosby Alex E. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We examined the associations between 2 measures of sexual orientation and 4 suicide risk outcomes (SROs) from pooled local Youth Risk Behavior Surveys.Methods. We aggregated data from 5 local Youth Risk Behavior Surveys from 2001 to 2009. We defined sexual minority youths (SMYs) by sexual identity (lesbian, gay, bisexual) and sex of sexual contacts (same- or both-sex contacts). Survey logistic regression analyses controlled for a wide range of suicide risk factors and sample design effects.Results. Compared with non-SMYs, all SMYs had increased odds of suicide ideation; bisexual youths, gay males, and both-sex contact females had greater odds of suicide planning; all SMYs, except same-sex contact males, had increased odds of suicide attempts; and lesbians, bisexuals, and both-sex contact youths had increased odds of medically serious attempts. Unsure males had increased odds of suicide ideation compared with heterosexual males. Not having sexual contact was protective of most SROs among females and of medically serious attempts among males.Conclusions. Regardless of sexual orientation measure used, most SMY subgroups had increased odds of all SROs. However, many factors are associated with SROs.
The Association Between Sexual Orientation Identity and Behavior Across Race/Ethnicity, Sex, and Age in a Probability Sample of High School Students
Authors: Mustanski Brian , Birkett Michelle , Greene George J. , Rosario Margaret , Bostwick Wendy , Everett Bethany G. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We examined the prevalence and associations between behavioral and identity dimensions of sexual orientation among adolescents in the United States, with consideration of differences associated with race/ethnicity, sex, and age. Methods. We used pooled data from 2005 and 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys to estimate prevalence of sexual orientation variables within demographic sub-groups. We used multilevel logistic regression models to test differences in the association between sexual orientation identity and sexual behavior across groups. Results. There was substantial incongruence between behavioral and identity dimensions of sexual orientation, which varied across sex and race/ethnicity. Whereas girls were more likely to identify as bisexual, boys showed a stronger association between same-sex behavior and a bisexual identity. The pattern of association of age with sexual orientation differed between boys and girls. Conclusions. Our results highlight demographic differences between 2 sexual orientation dimensions, and their congruence, among 13- to 18-year-old adolescents. Future research is needed to better understand the implications of such differences, particularly in the realm of health and health disparities.
Identifying Armed Respondents to Domestic Violence Restraining Orders and Recovering Their Firearms: Process Evaluation of an Initiative in California
Authors: Wintemute Garen J. , Frattaroli Shannon , Claire Barbara E. , Vittes Katherine A. , Webster Daniel W. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We evaluated a law enforcement initiative to screen respondents to domestic violence restraining orders for firearm ownership or possession and recover their firearms. Methods. The initiative was implemented in San Mateo and Butte counties in California from 2007 through 2010. We used descriptive methods to evaluate the screening process and recovery effort in each county, relying on records for individual cases. Results. Screening relied on an archive of firearm transactions, court records, and petitioner interviews; no single source was adequate. Screening linked 525 respondents (17.7%) in San Mateo County to firearms; 405 firearms were recovered from 119 (22.7%) of them. In Butte County, 88 (31.1%) respondents were linked to firearms; 260 firearms were recovered from 45 (51.1%) of them. Nonrecovery occurred most often when orders were never served or respondents denied having firearms. There were no reports of serious violence or injury. Conclusions. Recovering firearms from persons subject to domestic violence restraining orders is possible. We have identified design and implementation changes that may improve the screening process and the yield from recovery efforts. Larger implementation trials are needed.
Protective School Climates and Reduced Risk for Suicide Ideation in Sexual Minority Youths
Authors: Hatzenbuehler Mark L. , Birkett Michelle , Van Wagenen Aimee , Meyer Ilan H. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We examined whether sexual minority students living in states and cities with more protective school climates were at lower risk of suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts. Methods. Data on sexual orientation and past-year suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts were from the pooled 2005 and 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Surveys from 8 states and cities. We derived data on school climates that protected sexual minority students (e.g., percentage of schools with safe spaces and Gay–Straight Alliances) from the 2010 School Health Profile Survey, compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual students living in states and cities with more protective school climates reported fewer past-year suicidal thoughts than those living in states and cities with less protective climates (lesbians and gays: odds ratio [OR] = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47, 0.99; bisexuals: OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.66, 0.99). Results were robust to adjustment for potential state-level confounders. Sexual orientation disparities in suicidal thoughts were nearly eliminated in states and cities with the most protective school climates. Conclusions. School climates that protect sexual minority students may reduce their risk of suicidal thoughts.
Selection for Postflowering Drought Resistance in Short‐ and Medium‐ duration Cowpeas Using Stress Tolerance Indices
Authors: Belko Nouhoun , Cisse Ndiaga , Diop Ndeye N. , Zombre Gerard , Thiaw Samba , Muranaka Satoru , Ehlers Jeffrey. D. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAvailable drought‐tolerant cowpeas [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] are few, and identification of additional genotypes with even greater tolerance to drought would enable breeders to develop cultivars with higher and more stable yields across the semiarid ecologies where this crop is grown. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of drought on the growth and reproduction of a diverse set of cowpea germplasm and select drought‐tolerant and high‐yielding genotypes using stress tolerance indices. Thirty short‐ and 30 medium‐duration genotypes were separately assessed in adjacent drought‐stressed (DS) and nonstressed (NS) environments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Selection indices, including stress tolerance index (STI) and geometric mean productivity (GMP), were estimated considering grain yield under NS and DS environments and the stress intensity. Overall, the medium‐duration genotypes had higher yields than the short‐duration ones under both DS and NS conditions. On average, fodder and grain yields were 40 and 65% less under DS conditions and maturity occurred 4 d earlier. IT85F‐3139, IT93K‐693‐2, IT97K‐499‐39, IT93K‐503‐1, IT96D‐610, IT97K‐207‐15, KVx‐61‐1, KVx‐403, KVx‐421‐25, and Mouride had the highest grain yields under both DS and NS environments and were identified as the most drought‐tolerant and high‐yielding genotypes based on their rank in terms of STI and GMP values. Therefore, these cultivars may be valuable parents for breeding programs whose objectives include developing drought‐tolerant cowpea cultivars.
Relationships between the Weedy Amaranthus hybridus (Amaranthaceae) and the Grain Amaranths
Authors: Kietlinski Kiel D. , Jimenez Felix , Jellen Eric N. , Maughan Peter J. , Smith Scott M. , Pratt Donald B. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious phylogenetic work investigating the origins of the grain amaranths is plagued by two methodological faults. Primarily, no study to date has adequately sampled all of the grain species as well as the two putative weedy progenitors across their entire native species’ ranges. Second, no study to date adequately investigates the genetic diversity component of both putative weedy species (Amaranthus hybridus L. and Amaranthus quitensis Kunth). Two hundred fifty‐eight individuals from 56 taxa representing the three grain amaranth species and two putative weedy progenitors were sampled from their native species’ ranges and subjected to microsatellite testing. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis, clustering algorithms, and genetic distance neighbor‐joining tree dendrograms. Standard genetic diversity measures indicate strong inbreeding coefficients in all studied taxa. Principal component analysis, clustering algorithms, private alleles, and tree dendrograms all resolve a distinct A. quitensis group. The grain amaranths and A. hybridus were found to group together. Results from 11 simple sequence repeat loci indicate the following: (i) A. hybridus is the progenitor of all three grain amaranths in at least two separate domestication events, (ii) A. quitensis is its own species and not a variant of A. hybridus, and (iii) Amaranthus caudatus L. and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. appear to be closely related.
Cytological Mechanisms of Leaf Rolling in Rice
Authors: Zou Liangping , Zhang Zhiguo , Qi Dengfeng , Peng Ming , Lu Tiegang 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTModerate leaf rolling, which probably results from changes of various cells that constitute leaf blades, is an important trait for rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding. To elucidate the cytological mechanism of leaf rolling, 46 stable mutants with inward (adaxial) or outward (abaxial) rolling phenotypes were obtained from more than 100,000 transfer DNA insertion lines in rice. Histological analyses of those mutants show that changes of number, size, and pattern of bulliform cells, sclerenchyma cells, parenchyma cells, and mesophyll cells as well as vascular bundles could lead to leaf rolling. Here, eight groups have been categorized according to their cytological characteristics in these mutants: increased bulliform cell number and area, decreased bulliform cell number and area, disordered bulliform cell number and area, partial sclerenchyma cell absence, phloem expansion, increased number of parenchyma cells, changes in multiple cell types, and parenchyma‐like cells from partial mesophyll cells. Our study demonstrates that changes in each individual cell type can result in rolled‐leaf formation.
Development and Characterization of Simple Sequence Repeat Markers for St. Augustinegrass
Authors: Mulkey Steven E. , Zuleta M. Carolina , Keebler Jonathan E. , Schaff Jennifer E. , Milla‐Lewis Susana R. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIllumina sequencing data was used to develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze], an economically important warm‐season turfgrass. Polymorphism was observed in 190 of 215 designed SSR markers among a panel of eight diverse germplasm accessions. Of these, 94 were subsequently used to assess levels of diversity within a diverse collection of S. secundatum and pembagrass [Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (L.) Brongn.] germplasm. A total of 982 alleles ranging in size from 63 to 250 bp were amplified. Levels of polymorphism were high, with number of alleles amplified per loci ranging from 5 to 23 (μ = 10) and with polymorphic information content values ranging from 0.09 to 0.83 (μ = 0.54). Cluster and principal coordinate analyses of S. secundatum and S. dimidiatum accessions showed groupings based primarily on ploidy level. Analysis of population structure identified six subpopulations with some admixture present among them. Additionally, the ability of these newly developed SSR markers to uniquely identify specific cultivars was assessed. A set of five SSR markers were capable of producing unique banding patterns for all but two cultivars. These markers, the first developed for the species, should be useful for linkage mapping, diversity and pedigree analyses, accurate varietal identification, and marker‐assisted selection in St. Augustinegrass.
Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing Mycotoxin Contamination of Maize: Analysis by Linkage Mapping, Characterization of Near‐Isogenic Lines, and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mideros Santiago X. , Warburton Marilyn L. , Jamann Tiffany M. , Windham Gary L. , Williams W. Paul , Nelson Rebecca J. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTMycotoxin contamination of maize (Zea mays L.) exposes people to grave health consequences in subsistence agricultural settings and to economical losses in quality‐regulated markets. Genetic variation for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in maize has been reported in many studies. Resistance can act at multiple steps at which there is fungal–plant interaction. In this study, we report the identification and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for multiple traits or components of resistance to Aspergillus flavus using different genetic tools and resources. For QTL mapping, we used a B73 × CML322 population of recombinant inbred lines. Ten QTL were found using two QTL mapping methods, six of which were located on the same chromosome segments using both approaches. These QTL were located in maize bins 4.08, 4.09, 8.02, 8.03, 10.06 and 10.07. Various sources of near‐isogenic lines (NILs) for selected loci were tested. The resistance QTL located in bin 4.08 was confirmed using a NIL pair. Finally, we conducted a meta‐analysis of QTL using data from 12 populations in which resistance to Aspergillus, Fusarium, or Giberella ear rots has been mapped. This meta‐analysis indicated that the QTL in bin 4.08 has been reported in four mapping populations. Overall, we found evidence for significant QTL × year interactions and that QTL were distributed in a manner consistent with an infinitesimal model. The largest‐effect QTL, located in bin 4.08, is a good candidate for further characterization and use.