bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement-related activity in the internal globus pallidus of the parkinsonian macaque
Authors: Kase Daisuke , Zimnik Andrew J. , Han Yan , Harsch Devin R. , Bacha Sarah , Cox Karin M. , Bostan Andreea C. , Richardson R. Mark , Turner Robert S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough the basal ganglia (BG) plays a central role in the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, few studies have investigated the influence of parkinsonism on movement-related activity in the BG. Here, we studied the perimovement activity of neurons in globus pallidus internus (GPi) of non-human primates before and after the induction of parkinsonism by administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Neuronal responses were equally common in the parkinsonian brain as seen prior to MPTP and the distribution of different response types was largely unchanged. The slowing of behavioral reaction times and movement durations following the induction of parkinsonism was accompanied by a prolongation of the time interval between neuronal response onset and movement initiation. Neuronal responses were also reduced in magnitude and prolonged in duration after the induction of parkinsonism. Importantly, those two effects were more pronounced among decrease-type responses, and they persisted after controlling for MPTP-induced changes in the trial-by-trial timing of neuronal responses. Following MPTP The timing of neuronal responses also became uncoupled from the time of movement onset and more variable from trial-to-trial. Overall, the effects of MPTP on temporal features of neural responses correlated most consistently with the severity of parkinsonian motor impairments whereas the changes in response magnitude and duration were either anticorrelated with symptom severity or inconsistent. These findings point to a potential previously underappreciated role for abnormalities in the timing of GPi task-related activity in the generation of parkinsonian motor signs.New & NoteworthyPerimovement responses were present in the parkinsonian GPi at roughly the same overall abundance as seen in the neurologically normal state. Nonetheless, parkinsonism was associated with three abnormalities in perimovement activity: 1) Timings of GPi response became uncoupled from movement onset both with respect to both mean latency and trial-to-trial timing variability. 2) Response magnitudes were attenuated. 3) Response durations were prolonged. The effects on both response magnitude and duration were accentuated in decrease-type responses.
Stable White Matter Structure in the First Three Years after Psychosis Onset
Authors: Van Dyken Peter C. , Yang Kun , Faria Andreia V. , Sawa Akira , MacKinley Michael , Khan Ali R. , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhite matter alterations observed using diffusion weighted imaging have become a hallmark of chronic schizophrenia, but it is unclear when these changes arise over the course of the disease. Nearly all studies thus far have been cross-sectional, so despite their large sample sizes, they cannot determine if changes accumulate as a degenerative process, or if patients with pre-existing white matter damage are predisposed to more chronic forms of schizophrenia.MethodsWe examined 160 scans comprising two years of annual follow-up data from n=42 controls and n=28 schizophrenia patients recruited in the first two years since their diagnosis, totalling two to three scans per subject. We additionally examined six-month follow-up data obtained from an ultra-high field (7 Tesla) scanner (n=68 scans; n=19 first-episode schizophrenia patients; n=15 controls) as a validation dataset. A longitudinal model was used to compare the trajectory of diffusion tenor parameters between patients and controls. Positive and negative symptom scores were correlated with diffusion parameters using ROI- and clustering-based approaches.ResultsWe failed to observe any longitudinal differences in any diffusion tensor imaging parameters between patients and controls in either dataset. We did, however, observe consistent associations between white matter alterations and negative symptoms in both datasets.ConclusionsWhite matter does not appear susceptible to schizophrenia-linked degeneration in the early stages of disease, but pre-existing pathology may be linked to disease severity.
Genetic ancestry-specific meQTLs control immune function regulation in a breast cancer cohort of African and European patients
Authors: Founta Kyriaki , Chambwe Nyasha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe explored the impact of genetic ancestry on DNA methylation (DNAm) in African and European ancestry breast cancer patients. Analyzing data from 578 subjects in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, we identified 757 differentially methylated sites associated with genetic ancestry (aDMS). Methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) mapping showed that the majority of aDMS are regulated by multiple SNPs differentially prevalent by ancestry. Notably, expression quantitative methylation (eQTM) mapping linked 95% of aDMS to local gene expression, indicating potential impact on gene regulation.Furthermore, 72% of ancestry eQTMs were regulated by meQTLs, underscoring the genetic regulation of DNAm variation affecting the transcriptome. Immune response regulation, particularly involving HLA genes, was the most enriched process among ancestry eQTMs. Additionally, 31% of differentially expressed genes between groups defined by genetic ancestry were under ancestry eQTM control. These findings highlight the gene regulatory potential of ancestry-associated DNAm and its importance in population-specific analyses.
Single-cell X-chromosome inactivation analysis links biased chimerism to differential gene expression and epigenetic erosion
Authors: Henning Robert H. , Rust Thomas M. , Dijksterhuis Kasper , Eggen Bart J.L. , Guryev Victor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFemale cells randomly inactivate one X-chromosome, resulting in cellular mosaicism. Determining the bias in X-chromosomal inactivation (XCI) at single cell level may be relevant for understanding diseases prevalent in females. Here, we introduce a computational method that determines XCI profiles at single-cell level using solely sc/snRNA-Seq data. XCI analysis of skin cells from hybrid mice validates our approach and reveals biased inactivation of X-chromosomes among cell types. In human lung and brain cells, XCI status can be determined in 33.8% and 23.6% of cells. Among the patients, cells with opposite inactivation patterns differently express members of specific gene families and pathways. Alzheimer’s disease patients show reversal of XCI in cortical microglia and regional increase in biallelic expression denoting epigenetic erosion. We provide a robust utility to explore the degree and impact of XCI in single cell expression data.
Inferring in vivo murine cerebrospinal fluid flow using artificial intelligence velocimetry with moving boundaries and uncertainty quantification
Authors: Toscano Juan Diego , Wu Chenxi , Ladrón-de-Guevara Antonio , Du Ting , Nedergaard Maiken , Kelley Douglas H. , Karniadakis George Em , Boster Kimberly A. S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow is crucial for clearing metabolic waste from the brain, a process whose dysregulation is linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. Traditional approaches like particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) are limited by their reliance on single-plane two-dimensional measurements, which fail to capture the complex dynamics of CSF flow fully. To overcome these limitations, we employ Artificial Intelligence Velocimetry (AIV) to reconstruct three-dimensional velocities, infer pressure and wall shear stress, and quantify flow rates. Given the experimental nature of the data and inherent variability in biological systems, robust uncertainty quantification (UQ) is essential. Towards this end, we have modified the baseline AIV architecture to address aleatoric uncertainty caused by noisy experimental data, enhancing our measurement refinement capabilities. We also implement UQ for the model and epistemic uncertainties arising from the governing equations and network representation. Toward this end, we test multiple governing laws, representation models, and initializations. Our approach not only advances the accuracy of CSF flow quantification but also can be adapted to other applications that use physics-informed machine learning to reconstruct fields from experimental data, providing a versatile tool for inverse problems.
Impaired S-nitrosylation of Cx43 prevents arrhythmogenicity and myocardial injury upon cardiac stress in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Muñoz Manuel F. , Quan Jonathan J. , Nguyen Thao T. , Nuno Janet , Sheehy Adrian , Burboa Pia C. , Gaete Pablo S. , Lillo Mauricio A. , Contreras Jorge E. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTConnexin-43 (Cx43) plays a critical role in the propagation of action potentials and cardiac contractility. In healthy cardiomyocytes, Cx43 is mainly located at the intercalated disk; however, Cx43 remodeling is observed in cardiac pathologies and is linked with arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death. Using a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), we previously demonstrated that Cx43 localizes to the lateral side of dystrophic cardiomyocytes, forming undocked hemichannels. β-adrenergic signaling-induced cardiac stress promotes S-nitrosylation and the opening of undocked Cx43 hemichannels leading to disrupted cardiac membrane excitability and deadly arrhythmogenic behaviors. To establish the direct role of S-nitrosylated Cx43 in DMD cardiomyopathy, we generated knockin DMDmdxmice with reduced levels of S-nitrosylated Cx43, by replacing cysteine 271 with a serine in one Cx43 of the unique site for S-nitrosylation of Cx43 (DMDmdx:C271S+/-). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that cardiac Cx43 lateralization in DMDmdx:C271S+/-mice was similar to DMDmdxmice, indicating that the genetic modification did not prevent Cx43 remodeling. Upon isoproterenol treatment, DMDmdxmice displayed a higher incidence of arrhythmogenic events when compared to DMDmdx:C271S+/-mice, which more closely resemble wild-type mice. Optical mapping imaging in isolated hearts showed that DMDmdxmice displayed aberrant Ca2+signaling and prolonged action potentials, which is restored in DMDmdx:C271S+/-mice. Isoproterenol treatment evoked severe myocardial injury in DMDmdxmice, which was significantly attenuated in DMDmdx:C271S+/-mice. Notably, DMDmdxmice treated with Gap19, a Cx43 hemichannel blocker, exhibited cardioprotection against myocardial injury. We concluded that S-nitrosylation of Cx43 proteins is a fundamental NO-mediated mechanism involved in arrhythmias and myocardial injury in DMDmdx, occurring through the opening of hemichannels following β-adrenergic stress.
Phospho-regulated tuning of viscoelastic properties balances centrosome growth and strength
Authors: Amato Matthew , Hwang June Ho , Rios Manolo U. , Familiari Nicole E. , Rosen Michael K. , Woodruff Jeffrey B. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTCentrosomes nucleate microtubule asters and comprise centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material (PCM). In preparation for mitosis, the PCM scaffold grows dramatically while resisting microtubule pulling forces. How PCM achieves dynamic growth while maintaining mechanical strength is unclear. Here we probed the dynamic and material properties of theC. elegansPCM scaffold. Single-embryo extrusion experiments revealed that the protein SPD-5 forms distinct but co-existing dynamic and stable scaffolds within PCM. The stable scaffold grew in preparation for mitosis, then disappeared at anaphase onset. SPD-5 mutants that lacked PLK-1 phosphorylation at four key sites (4A) could not build the stable scaffold, whereas phospho-mimetic SPD-5(4E) could. Expression of SPD-5(4A) impaired PCM assembly, but this phenotype was partially rescued by eliminating microtubule pulling forces, indicating material weakness. SPD-5(4A) expression also resulted in chromosome segregation defects, revealing the importance of PCM strength for development. Unexpectedly, expression of SPD-5(4E) prevented full-scale PCM growth and caused embryonic lethality.In vitro, PLK-1-induced phosphorylation increased the viscoelastic moduli of minimal SPD-5 scaffolds, which increased their solidity. This caused faster initial growth that then plateaued, in effect setting an upper limit to SPD-5 scaffold size. Thus, PCM scaffold assembly and strength are optimized through phospho-regulated equilibrium of dynamic and stable scaffold components. Our results further reveal kinase-driven kinetic arrest as a potential mechanism of centrosome size scaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo build and position the mitotic spindle, centrosomes must grow large enough to nucleate many hundreds of microtubules and resist their pulling forces. How centrosomes simultaneously achieve dynamic growth and tensile strength is unknown. Here, we show that centrosomes behave as phosphorylation-tunable hydrogels with both liquid-like and solid-like properties, which contribute to dynamics and material strength, respectively. Phospho-null or phospho-mimicking mutations in the scaffold protein SPD-5 dysregulate the balance of liquid- and sold-like behaviors within the centrosome, impairing function and embryo viability in both cases. Our results showcase how meso-scale material properties contribute to the function of a membrane-less organelle and how they are finely tuned by chemical modifications.
SU(2)
principal chiral model with tensor renormalization group on a cubic lattice
Authors: Akiyama Shinichiro , Jha Raghav G. , Unmuth-Yockey Judah 
Published: August 2024

We study the continuous phase transition and thermodynamic observables in the three-dimensional Euclidean SU(2) principal chiral field model with the triad tensor renormalization group and the anisotropic tensor renormalization group methods. Using these methods, we find results that are consistent with previous Monte Carlo estimates and the predicted renormalization group scaling of the magnetization close to criticality. These results bring us one step closer to studying finite-density quantum chromodynamics in four dimensions using tensor network methods.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Assessing the impact of dynamic capabilities, resilience and strategic alignment on startup competitiveness in Iran
Authors: Taghavy Arezoo , Hazari Narges , Hooshmand Chaijani Milad 
Published: August 2024

PurposeIn uncertain and emerging conditions, businesses must adopt new strategies to compete and survive the changing and unstable environment. This research seeks to investigate the role of dynamic capabilities in the competitiveness of startups, emphasizing resilience and strategic alignment.Design/methodology/approachIsfahan Scientific and Research Town has always been a pioneer in the field of science and technology in Iran and is known as the most extensive technology and knowledge-based complex in Iran. The sample size of 300 companies active in the startup field was selected using a simple random sampling method. Questionnaires were collected from the managers of technological startup companies in Isfahan, and the SEM model was used to analyze the data.FindingsThis research shows that dynamic capabilities in terms of coordination, flexibility and integration significantly impact competitiveness. Resilience and strategic alignment also increase the organization’s performance and strengthen the organization in gaining a more competitive advantage in the industry.Originality/valueFinally, dynamic capabilities indirectly affect competitiveness through resilience and strategic alignment. This shows a need for strategic alignment and resilience to change advantage shape in dynamic conditions.
Turning crisis into opportunity: the emergence of cyber risk takaful in the digital world
Authors: Memon Ubedullah , Waseem Muhammad , Zain ul Abidin Muhammad , Junejo Zeeshan , Ali Masroor 
Published: August 2024

Learning outcomes
After reading this case study, students will be able to understand the impact of cyber threats on businesses; explore the intersection of innovation and ethical considerations; understand the proactive role of entrepreneurs in identifying gaps in traditional industries, such as insurance, and innovating solutions that align with local dynamics; and learn to formulate strategies addressing cultural factors, market gaps and challenges.

Case overview/synopsis
The case study follows Hasnain, a prosperous entrepreneur in Pakistan, who was surprised by the news of a cyberattack on Bank Islami. This event, coupled with a personal data breach in his family’s business, triggered Hasnain’s willingness and interest to address the growing threat of cyber risks and attacks. As the progenitor of a digital solutions startup, he identified a gap in the insurance industry’s replication to cyber threats and envisioned the desideratum for a Sharia-compliant cyber-insurance product withal called cyber risk takaful. The case study explores Hasnain’s journey as he contemplated the challenges of introducing cyber risk takaful – a Sharia-compliant insurance solution for businesses and individuals. Apperceiving the low vigilance and perceived costs associated with cyber insurance, Hasnain faced the dilemma of surmounting these barriers in a country where the penetration of insurance, in general, is already minimal. The story raises critical questions: How can Hasnain efficaciously introduce cyber risk takaful to a market reluctant to embrace cyber insurance? What business strategies should he use to engender vigilance and acceptance of this innovative insurance solution? Will businesses and individuals embrace the concept of cyber risk takaful and recognize its paramount in forfending their digital assets?

Complexity academic level
This case study is designed to meet the educational needs of both undergraduate and postgraduate students, particularly those enrolled in business administration programs. This case study is tailored for students in the final year of BBA and the first year of MBA programs. It is also well-suited for executive education programs that focus on strategic decision-making in the context of emerging market challenges, such as entrepreneurship and corporate strategy. The case study is particularly relevant for courses centered on entrepreneurship, business strategy, strategic management and corporate strategy.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS11: Entrepreneurship.
Micro-credentials through the eyes of employers: benefits, challenges and enablers of effectiveness
Authors: Thi Ngoc Ha Nguyen , Van Dyke Nina , Spittle Michael , Watt Anthony , Smallridge Andrew 
Published: August 2024

Purpose This study explores the perceptions of Australian employers regarding the benefits and challenges of micro-credentials within higher education and enablers of their effectiveness.Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach that included 11 semi-structured interviews with employers affiliated with an Australian university was used. A deductive thematic approach was employed to analyse the data.Findings Micro-credentials were generally seen to be beneficial for an array of people, including employees, employers, customers and communities – stakeholders in all environmental layers of micro-credentials’ ecological system. Findings also indicated that both challenges of micro-credentials and enablers of their effectiveness depended heavily on attributes of learners, employers and higher education providers. The conclusion is that, based on the evidence of this study, micro-credentials within higher education are worth trialling.Originality/value Although research interest in micro-credentials is growing, few empirical studies have investigated micro-credentials’ benefits, challenges and enablers of effectiveness, especially from the perspective of employers. The study carries practical and policy implications for those involved with micro-credential research and development.
Information sharing in a green supply chain: a bane or a boon?
Authors: Quadir Abdul , Raj Alok , Agrawal Anupam 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of demand information sharing on products’ greening levels with downstream competition. Specifically, this study examine two types of green products, “development-intensive” (DI) and “marginal-cost intensive” (MI), in a two-echelon supply chain where the manufacturer produces substitutable products, and competing retailers operate in a market with uncertain demand.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors adopt the manufacturer-led Stackelberg game-theoretic framework and consider a multistage game. This study consider how retailers receive private signals about uncertain demand and decide whether to share this information with the manufacturer, who then decides whether to acquire this information at a certain given cost. This paper considers backward induction and Bayesian Nash equilibrium to solve the model.

Findings
The authors find that in the absence of competition, information sharing is the only equilibrium and improves the greening level under DI, whereas no-information sharing is the only equilibrium and improves the greening level under MI, an increase in downstream competition drives higher investment in greening efforts by the manufacturer in both DI and MI and the manufacturer needs to offer a payment to the retailers to obtain demand information under both simultaneous and sequential contract schemes.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature by examining how the nature of products (margin intensive green product or development intensive green product) influences green supply chain decisions under information asymmetry and downstream competition.