bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing the Digital Museum Using Various Images and Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Ohtsuki Tatsuo , Ohtsuka Taisuke , Kameda Kayoko 
Published: August 2024

Digital archiving of museum collections is a global trend, but web platforms for archival data are not yet well developed. Many of the portal sites developed in Japan lack images and geographical information, making them difficult to use for non-specialists. Therefore, local museums, such as the Lake Biwa Museum, require web platforms that are easy to use for local users.
Recently, rapid developments in digital technology have made it easier and cheaper to customize web platforms. Furthermore, the Japanese Government now provides financial support for the digitization of collections. This has made it possible for museum staff, who are not specialized in digital technology, to develop web platforms. Two projects have therefore been set up.
Digital Museums using Various Images (DMVI): 3D and high-resolution images of various collections are made available on websites as databases for the museums' collections, which can also be used for exhibitions.
Digital Museums using Geographical Information Systems (DMGIS): in addition to distribution maps of specimens and survey data, maps from the past to the present can be superimposed to understand the changes in the habitats of living organisms.
The 3D models developed by DMVI can be rotated, enlarged, and reduced, providing a new experience as if you were holding a valuable material that you would not normally be able to touch. The DMVI project is also working towards the development of illustrated databases limited to the organisms found in Shiga Prefecture. Meanwhile, the easy-to-use illustrated search system, DMGIS, is promoting information on bird distributions and cross-disciplinary mapping. For example, specimens and observation data can be plotted and viewed on current maps, and changes in the distribution of birds can be followed along a time axis. This content is intended for use in environmental education and nature conservation. By building an easy-to-use web platform, the aim is to develop a ‘digital museum.’
TLR3/TRIF and MAVS Signaling Is Essential in Regulating Mucosal T Cell Responses during Rotavirus Infection
Authors: Zhang Rong-Rong , Yang Xue-Yao , Yang Yong-Lei , Guo Tian-Kui , Huang Jing-Shu , Yang Ying-Shi , Shi Chun-Wei , Yang Gui-Lian , Huang Hai-Bin , Wang Jian-Zhong , Jiang Yan-Long , Cao Xin , Wang Nan , Zeng Yan , Yang Wen-Tao , Wang Chun-Feng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The functions of the natural dsRNA sensors TLR3 (TRIF) and RIG-I (MAVS) are crucial during viral challenge and have not been accurately clarified in adaptive immune responses to rotavirus (RV) infection. In this study, we found that RV infection caused severe pathological damage to the small intestine of TLR3−/− and TRIF−/− mice. Our data found that dendritic cells from TLR3−/− and TRIF−/− mice had impaired Ag presentation to the RV and attenuated initiation of T cells upon viral infection. These attenuated functions resulted in impaired CD4+ T and CD8+ T function in mice lacking TLR3-TRIF signaling postinfection. Additionally, attenuated proliferative capacity of T cells from TLR3−/− and TRIF−/− mice was observed. Subsequently, we observed a significant reduction in the absolute number of memory T cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) of TRIF−/− recipient mice following RV infection in a bone marrow chimeric model. Furthermore, there was reduced migration of type 2 classical dendritic cells from the intestine to MLNs after RV infection in TLR3−/− and TRIF−/− mice. Notably, RV infection resulted in attenuated killing of spleen and MLN tissues in TRIF−/− and MAVS−/− mice. Finally, we demonstrated that RV infection promoted apoptosis of CD8+ T cells in TRIF−/− and TLR3−/−MAVS−/− mice. Taken together, our findings highlight an important mechanism of TLR3 signaling through TRIF in mucosal T cell responses to RV and lay the foundation for the development of a novel vaccine.
Role of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 polymorphisms in clinical severity and outcomes of COVID-19 in Egypt
Authors: Samy Walaa , Gaber Osama A. , Amer Rania M. , El-Deeb Nahawand A. , Abdelmoaty Ahmed A. , Sharaf Ahmed L. , El-Gebaly Ahmed M. , Mosbah Rasha , Alsadik Maha E. , Fawzy Amal , Ahmed Alshymaa A. 
Published: August 2024

Background: The clinical presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibit significant variation, ranging from asymptomatic cases to mortality resulting from severe pneumonia. Host genetics can partially explain this variation.Objective: This study evaluated possible associations between severity and outcome of COVID-19 and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2285666 in the ACE2 gene and SNP rs2070788 in the TMPRSS2 gene.Methods: The study included a sample of 100 consecutive adult patients admitted to the COVID-19 Isolation and Intensive Care Units of the Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig, Egypt from July 2021 to November 2021. For rs2285666, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was carried out. For rs2070788, real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed.Results: For rs2285666, the GA genotype was the most frequent among female patients (39% [16/41]) and the A genotype was more prevalent among male patients (54.2% [32/59]). For rs2070788, the AA genotype was the most frequent among all patients (46% [46/100]). No rs2285666 or rs2070788 genotypes or allele frequencies had significant associations with either severity or outcomes of patients.Conclusion: This study found no significant associations of COVID-19 severity or outcomes of patients with genotypes or allele frequencies of the rs2285666 SNP in the ACE2 gene or the rs2070788 SNP of the TMPRSS2 gene. The search for other genetic associations with COVID-19 infection is still required.What this study adds: The study reveals that host genetics explain the variation observed in the disease. Specific genetic variants can confer either increased susceptibility or resistance to the disease.
Reasons for premature removal of progestogen implant among women in a community in Pretoria
Authors: Moeletsi Wanda M. , Nyalunga Suzan L.N. , Ramochele Margaret M.M. , Bongongo Tombo 
Published: August 2024

Background: Implanon is widely used in South Africa and around the world. However, a significant number of users discontinue it prematurely. The current study aims to explore the reasons for women’s early removal of the progestogen implant, known as Implanon, in a Pretoria community.Methods: This was a qualitative study applying a descriptive phenomenological design, with nine one-on-one interviews done at Temba Community Health Centre among women who had their Implanon implants removed sooner than the intended length of time.Results: Four major themes emerged from the data collection: reasons for choosing Implanon, side effects of Implanon, the social impact of Implanon and public attitudes towards Implanon. These four themes were further explored through 13 subthemes.Conclusion: The participants acknowledged and valued the benefits of Implanon, but they also encountered undesirable side effects such headaches, bleeding, breast pain and enlargement, decreased libido, and mood swings. The primary causes of the implant’s early removal were these side effects, among which bleeding was the most frequently reported problem.Contribution: Implanon-induced bleeding has an impact on the economics of households and the sexual lives of women, as it requires the purchasing of sanitary products and other medications.
Role of dithiothreitol in the resolution of pretransfusion immunohematology testing in patients receiving the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab for the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Yadav Anshika , Agarwal Pankaj , Gupta Gajendra Nath 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:
Daratumumab (Darzalex; Janssen-Cilag Pty Ltd), an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (MoAb), has demonstrated high efficacy in treating relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM). It stands as the pioneering anti-CD38 MoAb approved by the US FDA (2015) and TGA Australia (2017). While targeting CD38 on myeloma cells, daratumumab poses a challenge in pretransfusion testing by inducing panreactivity in indirect antiglobulin tests (IATs) due to CD38 expression on red cells. This study investigates the role of dithiothreitol (DTT) in resolving pretransfusion immunohematology testing in patients treated with daratumumab for MM.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Pretransfusion samples from three hematological patients diagnosed with MM and receiving anti-CD38 drugs necessitating red cell transfusion were subjected to immunohematology serological testing. Clinicians provided patient information, including gender, age, transfusion history, and time between anti-CD38 MoAb infusion and sample collection. Tests included ABO/RhD typing, IAT, both polyspecific and monospecific direct antiglobulin test (DAT), antibody (Ab) screening, Ab identification, eluate preparation, and red cell crossmatch. Control tests were conducted by incubating patient samples at 37°C for 1 h.

RESULTS:
ABO/RhD typing remained unaffected, yet all samples exhibited panreactivity in IATs. Two samples showed positive DAT results but negative eluates. Treatment of reagent red blood cells (RBCs) with 0.2 M DTT effectively mitigated interference by anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, resulting in compatible red cell crossmatches. Notably, incubation of patient samples at 37°C for 1 h yielded identical results.

CONCLUSION:
Pretreatment of erythrocytes with DTT deactivated the CD38 antigen, eliminating reactivity with patient serum treated with daratumumab. DTT treatment of reagent RBCs emerges as an efficient and accessible strategy to counteract interference from anti-CD38 drugs in pretransfusion tests.
Role of therapeutic plasma exchange in dengue-related microangiopathy
Authors: Sahni Aarushi , Wadhera Sarthak , Lamba Divjot Singh , Hans Rekha , Jain Arihant , Malhotra Pankaj , Sharma Ratti Ram 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) are a group of disorders characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, leading to ischemic tissue injury. We, hereby, describe an interesting case of TMA secondary to dengue along with dengue encephalitis. Dengue-related TMA is rarely described. Treatment was initiated with standard-volume (1.5 plasma volume) therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) by centrifugation method on a multifunctional cell separator (Spectra Optia, Terumo BCT, USA) within a few hours of admission based on high PLASMIC score, which led to improvement in hemolytic parameters and kidney injury. This case highlights the role of early diagnosis and early initiation of TPE is key in the management of dengue-related TMAs.
A rare case of ABO grouping discrepancy due to probable blood group switching which presented as lost antigens detectable only with indigenous reagents in less sensitive platforms compared to highly sensitive automated platforms using non indigenous reagents
Authors: Hadhiya Thahir , Shiffi Fazal , Fathima V. J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Blood group switching in the form of loss or diminished expression of RBC antigens has been reported in malignancies and infections. Blood group antigens are present on the red cell surface. ABO blood group system is the most clinically significant system. Some cases can present as grouping discrepancy. Here we present a rare case of ABO grouping discrepancy due to probable blood group switching which presented as lost antigens detectable only with indigenous reagents in less sensitive platforms compared to highly sensitive automated platforms using non indigenous reagents. 66 year old female whose historic blood group was A Rh D positive with history of uneventful transfusion of 2 units of A Rh D positive packed red cell one and half years back now presented with mycoplasma pneumonia and acute pulmonary edema. On routine complete blood count testing her hemoglobin was 3.6 gm%, request send to blood bank for pretransfusion testing. Testing performed via conventional tube technique and ABO blood group discrepancy was noted with forward grouping turned to be A Rh D positive (positive reaction with anti A1 lectin) and on reverse grouping 3+ reactions was observed in both A and B cell giving a picture of O blood group. Blood grouping was performed in different platforms including fully automated, semi automated and manual using commercially available antisera and human plasma as a source of anti A, anti B antibodies for forward grouping. The antisera used in automated platforms are non indigenous and that for manual are indigenous. Discrepancy was noted (Forward A and Reverse O) in CTT with commercially available antisera and human plasma as reagents for forward grouping .The same discrepancy was noted with CAT in neutral card with commercially available antisera for manual grouping. But when grouping performed with Column Agglutination Technology using matrix grouping gel card the discrepancy was resolved reporting the blood group as O. For further confirmation we repeated the blood grouping in another fully automated platform, SPRCA Technology (Immucore NEOIRIS) and in that also no discrepancy noted giving a picture of O group. This patient probably had undergone a blood group switching from A to O by losing some but not all A epitopes and started anti A antibody production. Some A epitopes which were not lost had been picked up by the commercially available antisera intended for manual grouping. These antisera are indigenous in origin. Also when human plasma was used as source of antibodies the A epitopes which were not lost were detected. But when grouping was done with non-indigenous antisera in both manual and automatic platform the A epitopes were not detected. This case points towards the relevance of incorporating indigenous antisera in automated platforms.
The role of blood donation on wheels in the blood collection chain operational logistics during the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Sachdev Suchet , Prinja Nippun , Kumari Sangeeta , Singh Lakhvinder , Lamba Divjot Singh , Dhawan Hari Krishan , Sharma Ratti Ram 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The blood collection agencies (BCAs) employ two major logistical modes of conduct for outdoor blood collection. First, the collection agency walks to the donor’s preferred location for routine blood donation drives. Second, the drive is conducted using a heavy-duty vehicle having all the facilities for blood donation in it – Blood Donation on Wheels – hereinafter referred to as mobile blood drive (MBD). The study aimed to review the role of MBDs during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a retrospective analysis of data concerning the blood collection at the outdoor blood donation drives such as the number of drives, blood donations in voluntary (total outdoor), routine blood drive (RBD), and MBDs during the COVID-19 pandemic with respect to referent data.

RESULTS:
There was a trend in the increase in MBDs (43.3% in 2020 vs. 35.6% in 2019), with odds of 1.38 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.99–1.9), P = 0.05, during the pandemic. There was a statistically significant increase in contribution in terms of blood donations from MBDs (25.8% in 2020 vs. 19.5% in 2019), with odds of 1.43 (CI: 1.4–1.5), P < 0.05, during the pandemic. There was a statistically significant reduction in the rates of vasovagal reactions in blood donors donating blood at voluntary blood drives, RBD, and MBDs during the pandemic, in comparison with the referent data.

CONCLUSION:
The blood donation on wheels compliments the public outreach efforts of the BCAs, both in terms of the organization of the outdoor blood donation drives and the blood donations obtained thereof.
A Comparative Study between Conventional Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise and Virtual Reality-based Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise on Quality of Life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Shirodkar Sridhar , Deo Medha 
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim:
Breathing exercise is an exercise intended to promote effective and healthy breathing and breathing control. Virtual reality (VR) is defined as a computer-generated simulation, such as a set of images and sounds that represent a real place or situation that can be interacted within a seemingly real or physical way by a person using special electronic equipment. Breathing exercises with VR have shown benefits over conventional diaphragmatic breathing exercises in normal individuals in many new studies. We propose the use of a novel VR-based approach as a respiratory biofeedback to improve breathing patterns in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, decrease their work of breathing, and improve breathing control.

Materials and Methods:
In a randomized controlled study involving 72 COPD patients divided into two groups of 36 in each, the control and experimental groups performed a short 5 min breathing exercise for 6 consecutive days. In experimental group patients performed breathing exercise with VR goggles while in controls they performed without VR goggles.

Results:
Both the control and experimental groups showed improved changes in vitals and better quality of life, but not statistically as significant when compared to each other.

Conclusion:
Future studies need to address the long-term effects and stability of the results with a larger sample size, compare the approach with the existing treatments, and make the required smaller changes to the program for better outcomes.
Comparison of Two Automated Urine Analyzers (URiSCAN Super + YD Diagnostics and Sysmex UC-3500–UF-5000 Urine Chemistry Analyzer) with Routine Microscopy
Authors: Aden Durre , Khambra Poonam , Ranga Sunil , Alvi Yasir 
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim:
Urinalysis is one of the most commonly performed screening tests in the clinical laboratory to diagnose and monitor various urological as well as systemic conditions. Newly developed automated urine analyzers are expected to routinely screen urine in less time compared to conventional routine microscopy and provide clinicians with prompt clinical information with a lower false-negative rate. The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the two automated urine analyzers, URiSCAN Super + YD Diagnostics and Sysmex UC-3500–UF-5000 urine analyzer and compare them with microscopy.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective study performed on 124 randomly selected samples of patients coming to the clinical pathology laboratory at a tertiary care hospital for 3 months between March 1, 2022 and May 30, 2022. Each sample was taken for both automated analyzer testing and microscopic evaluation. The results of urine examination consisting of cells, formed elements, and microorganisms were compared between both the automated urine analyzers and microscopy, and the degree of concordance was calculated utilizing Cohen’s kappa (κ) analysis to see the concordance between all three values. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25, developed by IBM Co, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The degree of concordance of red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and epithelial cells (ECs) was good between the two automated analyzers, URiSCAN Super + YD Diagnostics and Sysmex UC-3500–UF-5000 urine analyzer and microscopy with P < 0.05. The concordance between the Sysmex UC-3500–UF-5000 urine analyzer and manual microscopy was better than between manual microscopy and URiSCAN Super + YD Diagnostics. There was no concordance between any of these methods for either crystals, cast, bacteria, and fungi with P > 0.05.

Conclusion:
The results from the automated analyzers for RBCs, WBCs, and ECs were similar to the result of manual microscopy, and the analyzers can be relied on for testing and can help in reducing turnaround time of routine urine examination. However, bacteria, fungi, dysmorphic red cells, casts, and crystals need to be analyzed by microscopic examination before giving a final diagnosis.
Cross-cultural Adaptation, Translation, and Validation of Gujarati Version of Neck Disability Index in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: Vaidya Shlesha , Vaid Shreya 
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim:
Specific to the population of Gujarat state, a need arises to have neck disability index (NDI) in the regional Gujarati language. The aim of present study is to translate NDI in Gujarati language and assess its validity for use in patient care.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 patients suffering from chronic neck pain and aged between 18 and 65 years participated in the study. In phase I, translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original English version of NDI was performed according to the published guidelines. In phase II, all the patients were asked to complete a questionnaire booklet consisting of Gujarati version of NDI (NDI-G), Neck Pain and Disability (NPAD), and Beck’s depression inventory scales. The psychometric testing included evaluation of factor structure by exploratory factor analysis, reliability by test–retest reliability and internal consistency, agreement by Bland–Altman plots and value of measurement error (standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change), construct validity by assessing hypotheses of NDI-G correlations with the Gujarati version of Neck Pain and Disability (NPAD-G) and Gujarati version of BDI (BDI-G). A panel of 15 expert members assessed the content validity of NDI-G on a 7-point Likert scale for content equivalence, content relevance, and content representativeness. Test–retest reliability for the NDI-G was examined in 50 patients, twice with an interval of 48 h.

Results:
In phase I, the cross-cultural adaptation process of the NDI-G was successful, and less difficulty was experienced in achieving an acceptable translation. In phase II, the NDI-G showed strong psychometric properties. The translated version of the scale showed high internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.82) and excellent test–retest reliability (Intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.982). Face and content validity of the NDI-G was well established with no floor and ceiling effects observed. In construct validity, convergent validity was confirmed by a high correlation of NDI-G with NPAD-G (r = 0.941, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The NDI-G was successfully translated into Gujarati, showing good psychometric properties. Its use is recommended for clinical and research purposes.