bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Recruitment after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Is Task Dependent: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Bryer E.J. , Medaglia J.D. , Rostami S. , Hillary Frank G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIndividuals with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have deficits in processing speed and working memory (WM) and there is a growing literature using functional imaging studies to document these deficits. However, divergent results from these studies revealed both hypoactivation and hyperactivation of neural resources after injury. We hypothesized that at least part of this variance can be explained by distinct demands between WM tasks. Notably, in this literature some WM tasks use discrete periods of encoding, maintenance, and retrieval, whereas others place continuous demands on WM. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to examine the differences in neural recruitment after mTBI to determine if divergent findings can be explained as a function of task demand and cognitive load. A comprehensive literature review revealed 14 studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain activity of individuals with mTBI during working memory tasks. Three of the fourteen studies included reported hypoactivity, five reported hyperactivity, and the remaining six reported both hypoactivity and hyperactivity. Studies were grouped according to task type and submitted to GingerALE maximum likelihood meta-analyses to determine the most consistent brain activation patterns. The primary findings from this meta-analysis suggest that the discrepancy in activation patterns is at least partially attributable to the classification of WM task, with hyperactivation being observed in continuous tasks and hypoactivation being observed during discrete tasks. We anticipate that differential task load expressed in continuous and discrete WM tasks contributes to these differences. Implications for the interpretation of fMRI signals in clinical samples are discussed. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–12)
Association of vitamin D insufficiency with adiposity and metabolic disorders in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Oliveira Renata MS , Novaes Juliana F , Azeredo Lorena M , Cândido Ana Paula C , Leite Isabel CG 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of deficiency/insufficiency of vitamin D in adolescents and its relationship to overweight and metabolic disorders.DesignCross-sectional study. Nutritional status was assessed by BMI according to WHO recommendations. Dietary intake was evaluated using a 3 d dietary record. The biochemical evaluation comprised measurements of serum lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, insulin, calcidiol (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment. Body composition and blood pressure were assessed.SettingFifteen schools (eight public and seven private) in the central city of Juiz de Fora, Brazil.SubjectsThe analysis included a study population of 160 adolescents (seventy-seven eutrophic and eighty-three overweight) aged 15 to 17 years.ResultsVitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was observed in 1·25 and 70·6 % of adolescents, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D levels were statistically lower in adolescents with weight excess, abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, higher levels of parathyroid hormone, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension (P< 0·05). Lower BMI and waist circumference were observed in the third (highest) tertile of vitamin D intake for all adolescents. The high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is primarily nutritional and reflects a low vitamin D intake.ConclusionsOur results support the negative association among serum 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D intake with non-skeletal outcomes in Brazilian adolescents. Vitamin D fortification of foods and/or the use of vitamin D supplements need to be considered to raise vitamin D intake in the adolescent population, even in a sunny country like Brazil.
Lrs14 transcriptional regulators influence biofilm formation and cell motility of Crenarchaea
Authors: Orell Alvaro , Peeters Eveline , Vassen Victoria , Jachlewski Silke , Schalles Sven , Siebers Bettina , Albers Sonja-Verena 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Like bacteria, archaea predominately exist as biofilms in nature. However, the environmental cues and the molecular mechanisms driving archaeal biofilm development are not characterized. Here we provide data suggesting that the transcriptional regulators belonging to the Lrs14-like protein family constitute a key regulatory factor during Sulfolobus biofilm development. Among the six lrs14-like genes encoded by Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, the deletion of three led to markedly altered biofilm phenotypes. Although Δsaci1223 and Δsaci1242 deletion mutants were impaired in biofilm formation, the Δsaci0446 deletion strain exhibited a highly increased extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, leading to a robust biofilm structure. Moreover, although the expression of the adhesive pili (aap) genes was upregulated, the genes of the motility structure, the archaellum (fla), were downregulated rendering the Δsaci0446 strain non-motile. Gel shift assays confirmed that Saci0446 bound to the promoter regions of fla and aap thus controlling the expression of both cell surface structures. In addition, genetic epistasis analysis using Δsaci0446 as background strain identified a gene cluster involved in the EPS biosynthetic pathway of S. acidocaldarius. These results provide insights into both the molecular mechanisms that govern biofilm formation in Crenarchaea and the functionality of the Lrs14-like proteins, an archaea-specific class of transcriptional regulators.
InterMOD: integrated data and tools for the unification of model organism research
Authors: Sullivan Julie , Karra Kalpana , Moxon Sierra A. T. , Vallejos Andrew , Motenko Howie , Wong J. D. , Aleksic Jelena , Balakrishnan Rama , Binkley Gail , Harris Todd , Hitz Benjamin , Jayaraman Pushkala , Lyne Rachel , Neuhauser Steven , Pich Christian , Smith Richard N. , Trinh Quang , Cherry J. Michael , Richardson Joel , Stein Lincoln , Twigger Simon , Westerfield Monte , Worthey Elizabeth , Micklem Gos 
Published: May 2013

AbstractModel organisms are widely used for understanding basic biology and have significantly contributed to the study of human disease. In recent years, genomic analysis has provided extensive evidence of widespread conservation of gene sequence and function amongst eukaryotes, allowing insights from model organisms to help decipher gene function in a wider range of species. The InterMOD consortium is developing an infrastructure based around the InterMine data warehouse system to integrate genomic and functional data from a number of key model organisms, leading the way to improved cross-species research. So far including budding yeast, nematode worm, fruit fly, zebrafish, rat and mouse, the project has set up data warehouses, synchronized data models and created analysis tools and links between data from different species. The project unites a number of major model organism databases, improving both the consistency and accessibility of comparative research, to the benefit of the wider scientific community.
First-principles study of native point defects in Bi2Se3
Authors: Xue L. , Zhou P. , Zhang C. X. , He C. Y. , Hao G. L. , Sun L. Z. , Zhong J. X. 
Published: May 2013

Using first-principles method within the framework of the density functional theory, we study the influence of native point defect on the structural and electronic properties of Bi2Se3. Se vacancy in Bi2Se3 is a double donor, and Bi vacancy is a triple acceptor. Se antisite (SeBi) is always an active donor in the system because its donor level (ɛ(+1/0)) enters into the conduction band. Interestingly, Bi antisite (BiSe1) in Bi2Se3 is an amphoteric dopant, acting as a donor when μe &lt; 0.119 eV (the material is typical p-type) and as an acceptor when μe &gt; 0.251 eV (the material is typical n-type). The formation energies under different growth environments (such as Bi-rich or Se-rich) indicate that under Se-rich condition, SeBi is the most stable native defect independent of electron chemical potential μe. Under Bi-rich condition, Se vacancy is the most stable native defect except for under the growth window as μe &gt; 0.262 eV (the material is typical n-type) and ΔμSe &lt; −0.459 eV (Bi-rich), under such growth window BiSe1 carrying one negative charge is the most stable one.
Twine: display and analysis of cis-regulatory modules
Authors: Pearson Joseph C. , Crews Stephen T. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Summary: Many algorithms analyze enhancers for overrepresentation of known and novel motifs, with the goal of identifying binding sites for direct regulators of gene expression. Twine is a Java GUI with multiple graphical representations (‘Views’) of enhancer alignments that displays motifs, as IUPAC consensus sequences or position frequency matrices, in the context of phylogenetic conservation to facilitate cis-regulatory element discovery. Thresholds of phylogenetic conservation and motif stringency can be altered dynamically to facilitate detailed analysis of enhancer architecture. Views can be exported to vector graphics programs to generate high-quality figures for publication. Twine can be extended via Java plugins to manipulate alignments and analyze sequences.
Availability: Twine is freely available as a compiled Java .jar package or Java source code at http://labs.bio.unc.edu/crews/twine/.
Contact: steve_crews@unc.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A scaling relation for disc galaxies: circular-velocity gradient versus central surface brightness
Authors: Lelli Federico , Fraternali Filippo , Verheijen Marc 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
For disc galaxies, a close relation exists between the distribution of light and the shape of the rotation curve. We quantify this relation by measuring the inner circular-velocity gradient dRV(0) for spiral and irregular galaxies with high-quality rotation curves. We find that dRV(0) correlates with the central surface brightness μ0 over more than two orders of magnitude in dRV(0) and four orders of magnitudes in μ0. This is a scaling relation for disc galaxies. It shows that the central stellar density of a galaxy closely relates to the inner shape of the potential well, also for low-luminosity and low-surface-brightness galaxies that are expected to be dominated by dark matter.
oiwa, a Female Gametophytic Mutant Impaired in a Mitochondrial Manganese-Superoxide Dismutase, Reveals Crucial Roles for Reactive Oxygen Species during Embryo Sac Development and Fertilization in Arabidopsis
Authors: Martin María Victoria , Fiol Diego Fernando , Sundaresan Venkatesan , Zabaleta Eduardo Julián , Pagnussat Gabriela Carolina 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can function as signaling molecules, regulating key aspects of plant development, or as toxic compounds leading to oxidative damage. In this article, we show that the regulation of ROS production during megagametogenesis is largely dependent on MSD1, a mitochondrial Mn-superoxide dismutase. Wild-type mature embryo sacs show ROS exclusively in the central cell, which appears to be the main source of ROS before pollination. Accordingly, MSD1 shows a complementary expression pattern. MSD1 expression is elevated in the egg apparatus at maturity but is downregulated in the central cell. The oiwa mutants are characterized by high levels of ROS detectable in both the central cell and the micropylar cells. Remarkably, egg apparatus cells in oiwa show central cell features, indicating that high levels of ROS result in the expression of central cell characteristic genes. Notably, ROS are detected in synergid cells after pollination. This ROS burst depends on stigma pollination but precedes fertilization, suggesting that embryo sacs sense the imminent arrival of pollen tubes and respond by generating an oxidative environment. Altogether, we show that ROS play a crucial role during female gametogenesis and fertilization. MSD1 activity seems critical for maintaining ROS localization and important for embryo sac patterning.
Deciphering the Diploid Ancestral Genome of the MesohexaploidBrassica rapa
Authors: Cheng Feng , Mandáková Terezie , Wu Jian , Xie Qi , Lysak Martin A. , Wang Xiaowu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe genus Brassica includes several important agricultural and horticultural crops. Their current genome structures were shaped by whole-genome triplication followed by extensive diploidization. The availability of several crucifer genome sequences, especially that of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), enables study of the evolution of the mesohexaploid Brassica genomes from their diploid progenitors. We reconstructed three ancestral subgenomes of B. rapa (n = 10) by comparing its whole-genome sequence to ancestral and extant Brassicaceae genomes. All three B. rapa paleogenomes apparently consisted of seven chromosomes, similar to the ancestral translocation Proto-Calepineae Karyotype (tPCK; n = 7), which is the evolutionarily younger variant of the Proto-Calepineae Karyotype (n = 7). Based on comparative analysis of genome sequences or linkage maps of Brassica oleracea, Brassica nigra, radish (Raphanus sativus), and other closely related species, we propose a two-step merging of three tPCK-like genomes to form the hexaploid ancestor of the tribe Brassiceae with 42 chromosomes. Subsequent diversification of the Brassiceae was marked by extensive genome reshuffling and chromosome number reduction mediated by translocation events and followed by loss and/or inactivation of centromeres. Furthermore, via interspecies genome comparison, we refined intervals for seven of the genomic blocks of the Ancestral Crucifer Karyotype (n = 8), thus revising the key reference genome for evolutionary genomics of crucifers.
On joint‐programs in China – development, challenges and suggestions
Authors: Cuiming Gao , Feng Yuhong , Henderson Fiona 
Published: May 2013

PurposeSince the 1980s, and especially after China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1991, international educational collaborations have developed in China. Spurred by economic, cultural and educational factors, joint programs have become an essential supplement to Chinese education. Despite the obvious and diverse benefits brought about by joint programs, various challenges arise. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the benefits and challenges generally and then in a more targeted way through the lens of one Sino‐Australian partnership.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a case study of one joint Australia‐China program to explore the development, benefits and challenges of joint programs in China and suggest how to improve the overall quality of the joint programs which will further international collaboration of educational institutions in China.FindingsJoint programs are a strategic component of the expansion and globalization objectives of the Chinese government. They offer more opportunities for Chinese students to receive an overseas education, enhance the research profile of Chinese universities and promote new ways of teaching and learning. For the Australian government, transnational education and the model of joint programs are helping to build Australia's research reputation, develop alternative teaching and learning ideas and promote global citizenship. Challenges include linguistic issues, financial problems, inefficient management, program assessment, qualifications, skills of teaching staff and different ways of thinking.Practical implicationsEnhancing pedagogical quality within a business paradigm is a unifying imperative.Originality/valueThe paper presents a new case study analysis for joint program educators and decision makers.
The academy: hiding behind pay walls?
Authors: Abeles Tom 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe article's aim is to explore the issues of capturing knowledge behind a pay wall of an institution of higher learning.Design/methodology/approachThis is an opinion piece.FindingsPost secondary institutions will have to adopt alternative models for economic survival, as will knowledge seekers entering these institutions.Social ImplicationsKnowledge providers and knowledge seekers will restructure their relationships.Originality/valueThe article challenges the existing model to undergo radical change as opposed to patchwork alternatives.
New work, old power: inequities within the labor of internationalization
Authors: Beck Kumari , Ilieva Roumiana , Pullman Ashley , Zhang Zhihua (Olivia) 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe aim in this paper is to extend Dorothy Smith's conceptual understanding of work to consider the emerging labor of “knowmads” within internationalization of higher education. Through original research on everyday experiences of internationalization, the authors seek to illuminate the ways individuals develop skills and competencies in relation to these new forms of work in order to address the reproduction of inequities. The authors make a connection between internationalization of higher education and knowmadic labor based on the premise that cross‐border education is often pursued in order to develop knowmadic attributes.Design/methodology/approachThrough a critical institutional ethnography of one mid‐sized Canadian university, the paper uses survey and interview data gathered from students and faculty ‐ individuals who are involved in knowmadic labor connected to internationalization – to illustrate some of the study participants' daily experiences of internationalization coordinated by the institutional structures of the university in times of globalization.FindingsIt is concluded that internationalization and connecting new forms of work involved in becoming and producing knowmads not only bypass and disregard present inequities in higher education, but work to reproduce them in new ways.Practical implicationsThe paper provides insight in regards to processes and allocation of work within internationalization, while addressing forms of social inequities that often cut across these practices and concludes with brief comments on the implications of academic knowmadic labor in Western higher education institutions engaged in internationalization.Originality/valueWhile research has been conducted on work in international contexts, little has addressed “the labor” that is involved in becoming knowmads, and that of “producing” knowmads. The paper draws connections between the internationalization of higher education and knowmadic work showing that knowmadic labor is often preceded by knowmadic educational opportunities. The cosmopolitan vision of creating globally aware citizens, with international knowledge, skills, and competencies that institutions espouse, are assumed to be goodper se, and to lead to knowmadic qualities and attributes required in a knowmad society. The paper questions these assumptions and the relations of power on which they rest.
The distance between the carina and the distal margin of the right upper lobe orifice measured by computerised tomography as a guide to right‐sided double‐lumen endobronchial tube use
Authors: Kim J. H. , Park S. H. , Han S. H. , Nahm F. S. , Jung C. K. , Kim K. M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryOur hypothesis was that the incidence of malposition of a right‐sided double‐lumen endobronchial tube and right upper lobe collapse may increase when the distance between the carina and the distal margin of the right upper lobe orifice is less than 23 mm, measured from a computerised tomography scan. A total of 76 patients undergoing left‐sided thoracic surgery were enrolled. Patients with a measured distance of < 23 mm (n = 38) were compared with age‐, sex‐ and body mass index‐matched patients with a distance ≥ 23 mm (n = 38). Right‐sided double‐lumen endobronchial tubes were used universally. We monitored endobronchial tube malposition and incidence of right upper lobe collapse throughout surgery. There was a significantly higher incidence of bronchial cuff herniation in patients with a distance < 23 mm in both the supine position and the lateral decubitus position (p < 0.001). The incidence of intra‐operative malposition in the < 23 mm group was also significantly higher than in the ≥ 23 mm group (31 (82%) vs 8 (21%), respectively, p < 0.001). Right upper lobe collapse was detected postoperatively in five patients (13%) in the distance < 23 mm group, compared to none in the ≥ 23 mm group. We recommend that the distance between the carina and the distal margin of the right upper lobe bronchus should be routinely measured on the pre‐operative computerised tomography scan, and if it is < 23 mm, consideration should be given to using a left‐sided endobronchial double‐lumen tube in preference to a right‐sided one.
“Virtually mandatory”: A survey of how discipline and institutional commitment shape university lecturers’ perceptions of technology
Authors: Shelton Chris 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAlthough there have been many claims that technology might enhance university teaching, there are wide variations in how technology is actually used by lecturers. This paper presents a survey of 795 university lecturers’ perceptions of the use of technology in their teaching, showing how their responses were patterned by institutional and subject differences. There were positive attitudes towards technology across institutions and subjects but also large variations between different technologies. Two groups of technology were identified—“core” technologies, such as Powerpoint, that were used frequently, even when lecturers felt that they were not having a positive impact on learning, and “marginal” technologies, such as blogs, that were used much less frequently and only where they fitted the pedagogic approach or context. Rather than there being “leading” universities that were the highest users of all technologies, institutions tended to be heavier users of some technologies than others. Similarly, subjects could be associated with particular technologies rather than being consistent users of technology in general. The study suggests that university technology policy should reflect different disciplines and contexts rather than “one size fits all” directives.
Clinical significance of minimal residual disease in patients with acute leukaemia undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Campana Dario , Leung Wing 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIn patients with acute leukaemia, the relative risk of relapse influences the choice between chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The demonstration that minimal residual disease (MRD) is the strongest overall prognostic indicator and can identify patients who are unlikely to be cured by standard chemotherapy has added a powerful new factor to consider when making this decision. There is substantial data indicating that the likelihood of relapse after transplant is directly correlated with levels of MRD before transplant. This knowledge can be used to adjust the timing of HSCT, and guide the selection of donor, conditioning regimen, and post‐HSCT strategies to maximize the graft‐versus‐leukaemia effect. Because MRD emerging post‐transplant carries a dire prognosis, its detection can trigger withdrawal of immunosuppression, additional cellular and molecular therapies, or preparations for a second HSCT. Although it is not yet clear whether any of these actions will significantly improve outcome, it is likely that they will be most effective for patients with a relatively low tumour burden, who can be identified only through MRD testing. In this article, we review the clinical significance of MRD in the context of autologous and allogeneic HSCT.