bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic‐loaded bone cement is associated with a reduction of the risk of revision of total knee arthroplasty: Analysis of the Catalan Arthroplasty Register
Authors: Gil‐Gonzalez Sergi , Velasco‐Regúlez Borja , Cerquides Jesus , Hinarejos Pedro , Monllau Joan Carles , Pelfort Xavier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyse the impact on peri‐prosthetic joint infection (PJI) rate and prosthetic survival using antibiotic‐loaded bone cement (ALBC) versus plain cement during total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted. The main data source was the Catalan Arthroplasty Register (RACat). TKAs with surgery date between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2020 were analysed and followed up until 31 December 2023. The main variable of interest was the type of cement (ALBC vs. plain cement), and several endpoints (septic revision, aseptic revision, and all‐cause revision) were considered. The analysed outcomes were revision rates, survival rates and risk factors' hazard ratios (HR).ResultsA total of 22,781 TKAs were analysed, 13,125 (57.6%) of them with plain cement and 9656 (42.4%) with ALBC. The septic revision rate was lower in the ALBC group after 3 months of follow‐up (0.52% vs. 0.78%, p value = 0.04). Prosthetic survival with respect to the aseptic revision endpoint was also higher for the ALBC group during the whole follow‐up period (~158 months). Regarding risk factors for infection, ALBC showed a protective effect, HR: 0.53 (0.44, 0.63), while sex (being male) and the analysed comorbidities increased the risk.ConclusionsALBC is associated with a reduction in both the septic revision and the aseptic revision rate after TKA, and thus with higher prosthetic survival.Level of EvidenceLevel III, Therapeutic, retrospective.
Artificial intelligence‐based assessment of leg axis parameters shows excellent agreement with human raters: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Salzmann Mikhail , Hassan Tarek Hakam , Prill Robert , Becker Roland , Schreyer Andreas G. , Hable Robert , Ostojic Marko , Ramadanov Nikolai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the reliability and applicability of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based analysis of leg axis parameters. We hypothesized that AI‐based leg axis measurements would be less time‐consuming and as accurate as those performed by human raters.MethodsThe study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). PubMed, Epistemonikos, and Web of Science were searched up to 24 February 2024, using a BOOLEAN search strategy. Titles and abstracts of identified records were screened through a stepwise process. Data extraction and quality assessment of the included papers were followed by a frequentist meta‐analysis employing a common effect/random effects model with inverse variance and the Sidik–Jonkman heterogeneity estimator.ResultsA total of 13 studies encompassing 3192 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. All studies compared AI‐based leg axis measurements on long‐leg radiographs (LLR) with those performed by human raters. The parameters hip knee ankle angle (HKA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), and joint‐line convergence angle (JLCA) showed excellent agreement between AI and human raters. The AI system was approximately 3 min faster in reading standing long‐leg anteroposterior radiographs (LLRs) compared with human raters.ConclusionAI‐based assessment of leg axis parameters is an efficient, accurate, and time‐saving procedure. The quality of AI‐based assessment of the investigated parameters does not appear to be affected by the presence of implants or pathological conditions.Level of EvidenceLevel I.
Comparative study of two different horizontal stabilisation methods in arthroscopically assisted coracoclavicular stabilisation for acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations—Good clinical outcome and no correlation to recurrent anteroposterior instability
Authors: Kimmeyer Michael , Rapp Katharina , Rentschler Verena , Schieffer Christian , Schmalzl Jonas , Gerhardt Christian , Lehmann Lars‐Johannes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThe hypothesis of this study was that acromioclavicular K‐wire transfixation is noninferior to horizontal FiberTape cerclage in terms of vertical and horizontal stability in the short follow‐up period of acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocations fixed with an arthroscopically assisted coracoclavicular single bundle endobutton cerclage system. The secondary aim was to investigate the impact of postoperative recurrent instability on clinical outcomes in these populations.MethodsIn this consecutive clinical trial, all patients who underwent surgery for acute AC joint dislocation between January 2017 and December 2021 were included. Two groups were formed according to the additional AC stabilisation technique (K‐wire group, cerclage group). Clinical examination and bilateral radiologic analysis (Zanca stress view, Alexander view) were performed with a follow‐up period of at least 12 months. Satisfaction, return to sports, active range of motion, global shoulder scores and specific shoulder scores including constant score, disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score and ACJ instability score (ACJI) were evaluated. Complications, including recurrent instability, and revision rate were assessed.ResultsIncluded were 59 patients (32 K‐wire group, 27 cerclage group, 92% male, median follow‐up 33 months). No significant differences were found in the clinical outcome parameters between the different techniques, except for the DASH value (superior in the K‐wire group). Recurrent anteroposterior instability was radiographically detected in 27% of patients. No correlation was found between anteroposterior instability and clinical outcome parameters. There was no revision surgery due to chronic ACJ instability.ConclusionHorizontal ACJ stabilisation with temporary K‐wire transfixation does not appear to be inferior to a FiberTape cerclage technique in acute ACJ dislocations stabilised in an arthroscopically assisted single bundle DogBone technique. Recurrent ACJ instability detected radiographically does not necessarily correlate with the functional outcome and can be well compensated.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Comparable bone penetration between antibiotic‐loaded and plain bone cement in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Fontanellas‐Fes Albert , Hinarejos Pedro , Pérez‐Prieto Daniel , Martínez‐Lozano Jan , Sánchez‐Soler Juan , Torres‐Claramunt Raúl , Perelli Simone , Monllau Joan Carles 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionOne of the main concerns around the use of antibiotic‐loaded bone cement (ALBC) is the potential reduction in the mechanical properties of the cement when antibiotics are admixed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between plain cement and ALBC in terms of radiological intrusion into the bone in total knee arthroplasties (TKAs).MethodsProspective randomized study of 80 consecutive patients who underwent TKA. Depending on the cement used, patients were divided into two groups by a computer‐generated randomization programme: the cement without antibiotic (Group 1) or the ALBC (Group 2). Cement intrusion was measured in postoperative radiographs in eight different regions in the tibial component and six regions in the femoral component.ResultsThe average cement intrusion was similar in both groups (p = nonsignificance [n.s.]). Group 1 (plain cement) had an average cement intrusion in the femur of 1.4 mm (±0.4) and 2.4 mm (±0.4) in the tibia. In Group 2 (ALBC), the average cement intrusion in the femur came to 1.6 (±0.5) and 2.4 mm (±0.5) in the tibia. In 80% of the patients, the cement intrusion in the tibia averaged a minimum of 2 mm, being similar in both groups (p = n.s.).ConclusionThere are no differences in bone intrusion when comparing plain cement to ALBC. Therefore, the use of ALBC in primary TKA may be indicated, achieving optimal bone penetration.Level of EvidenceLevel I.
Incorporating straw‐derived biochars enhances soil nitrogen accumulation and mitigates nitrogen leaching to facilitates crop productivity of mulching farmland in semiarid regions
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Zhang Mengjie , Tian Zhonghong , Yang Jialin , Pang Jinwen , Fang Yujing , Liu Enke , Cai Tie , Ren Xiaolong , Jia Zhikuan , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Zhang Weijun , Zhang Peng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe long‐term use of film mulching and conventional chemical fertilizers in semiarid regions has resulted in soil degradation and suboptimal fertilizer utilization, necessitating a reevaluation of agricultural practices to enhance resource utilization efficiency and ensure the sustainability of dryland crop production. We conducted a 5‐year study (2017–2021) field experiment in northwest of China, to assess the impact of straw or biochar incorporation on soil water accumulation, crop nitrogen transport, and maize yield under film mulching field. The experiment had six treatments (flat planting without mulching [NN], flat planting with straw incorporation [NS], flat planting with biochar incorporation [NB], film mulching [MN], film mulching with straw incorporation [MS], and film mulching with biochar incorporation [MB]). We undertook a comprehensive assessment over the two growing seasons in 2020–2021. The film mulching and straw/biochar treatments improved soil water storage. The MB treatment significantly decreased 60–200 cm soil NO3−‐N content by 28.37% compared with MN. Biochar incorporation significantly increased soil total and alkali‐hydrolyzable N contents, whereas MS decreased soil alkali‐hydrolyzable N content compared with MN. The maize plant N transportation and grain contribution rates were significantly higher under MS (17.46% and 29.84%) and MB (28.00% and 31.69%) than under MN, respectively. Straw and biochar incorporation significantly increased water use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency, and maize yield, on average, by 9.62%, 9.14%, and 14.6%, respectively. In conclusion, incorporating biochar, in particular, positively mitigated N losses, enhanced N utilization efficiency, and increased maize yield in long‐term film mulching farmland in semiarid region.
Reclamation of coastal marshes to croplands shifts molecular composition of soil organic matter in the Bohai Rim
Authors: Xu Haijing , Zhu Yuanshan , Yang Xi , Guo Changcheng , Zhang Zhigang , Shang Yuntao , Zhou Jingyun , Song Zhaoliang , Wang Yidong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReclamation of coastal marshes to croplands lost massive reserves of soil organic matter (SOM). However, it is uncertain how reclamation shifts chemical composition of SOM and its size fractions. Here, we investigated this issue at two coastal marshes (Qilihai, degradation with seasonal waterlog; Beidagang, annual long‐term waterlog) along with adjacent long‐term reclaimed croplands on the coast of the Bohai Bay, China. Three SOM fractions: coarse particulate (cPOM, >250 μm), fine particulate (fPOM, 53–250 μm), and mineral‐associated organic matter (<53 μm) were analyzed by pyrolysis‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Compared with the Qilihai marsh, the Beidagang marsh had higher SOM contents and lower proportions of microbial‐derived N‐containing compounds, which was attributed to the waterlogging‐induced weaker decomposition. Reclamation decreased the SOM contents (−53.6% to −63.3%) and proportions of lignin in cPOM (−44% to −52%) at both sites. However, reclamation‐induced shifts of molecular composition of SOM between the two sites diverged. At the Qilihai site, reclamation decreased the relative abundances of N‐containing compounds (−28%) but increased the proportions of lipids (+17%) and phenolics (+40.7%) in mineral‐associated organic matter. At the Beidagang site, reclamation decreased the proportions of monocyclic aromatics (−60.3% to −70.2%), but increased the relative abundances of N‐containing compounds (+175% to +407%) in all fractions. By contrast, the molecular composition of SOM at the two croplands had covergent pattern. In conclusion, despite of marsh locations with different waterlogging conditions, long‐term reclamation of wetlands to croplands generated convergent patterns in storage and molecular composition of SOM, which was attributed to the similar cropland cultivation.
Regeneration of post‐mining and post‐fire soil function by assessment of tree nutrient status: Evidence from pioneer and N‐fixing species
Authors: Woś Bartłomiej , Chodak Marcin , Likus‐Cieślik Justyna , Misebo Amisalu Milkias , Pietrzykowski Marcin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNutrient concentrations in the foliage of particular tree species can identify growth‐limiting factors. Therefore, the adaptability and usefulness of certain trees in the afforestation of barren soils after disturbances could be based on nutrient supply and stoichiometry. In this study, we investigated the macronutrient supply to (i.e., nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P], potassium, sulfur, calcium [Ca], and magnesium [Mg]) and C:N:P (carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus) stoichiometry of the foliage of black alder (Alnus glutinosa), common birch (Betula pendula), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in two different regeneration scenarios—a reclaimed mine site with primary succession and an afforested post‐fire (PF) site with secondary succession. The control plot was on an undisturbed forest site hosting stands of the studied tree species. The lower concentrations of elements in the post‐mining soils developed from “point zero” were enough to supply the trees with a similar level of nutrition to those in the PF and undisturbed soils. The studied tree species differed in their foliage chemistry and had different effects on the soil properties. The alder and birch foliage contained more nutrients than the pine foliage. In particular, the birch foliage contained the highest concentrations of Ca, Mg, and P, thus enhancing the biogeochemical cycling of these elements. The alder foliage had the highest N concentration, albeit the soil total N contents under this species were not higher than those under birch. Thus, its phytomeliorative effect may have been overestimated. The pine foliage contained the lowest concentrations of nutrients, indicating the high nutrient use efficiency of this species. On the sites degraded after disturbance, pine and birch grew under N‐limitation stress, while the alder—a N‐fixing species—grew under P‐limitation stress, especially at the PF site. The PF soils under alder were also characterized by higher acidity, P depletion, and higher C:P and N:P ratios compared to the PF soils under the other studied species. We found that birch should be the most common tree species in the first phase of area regeneration after disturbances. Introducing alder into afforestation should take place in admixtures, especially at the PF site.
Expiratory Velopharyngeal Obstruction: Sleep Endoscopy‐Guided Treatment Strategies to Prevent Oral Breathing During Sleep
Authors: Hsu Ying‐Shuo , Ke Yuan‐Kai , Kuo Terry B. J. , Chang Yi , Jacobowitz Ofer , Lin Chia‐Mo , Lo Shih‐Chieh , Yang Cheryl C. H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder, with oral breathing influencing its severity. Expiratory velopharyngeal obstruction (EVO), observed during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), may contribute to oral breathing in OSA patients. EVO results in obstruction between the pharynx and nasal cavity during expiration. This study aims to identify factors associated with positive EVO during DISE.Study DesignCase series.SettingTertiary Medical Center.MethodsSeventy‐two OSA patients underwent clinical evaluation, polysomnography, and DISE, utilizing interventions like intraoral negative airway pressure (iNAP), mouth closure, and oral appliances (OAs) in supine positions with head rotation. The findings, classified under velopharynx, oropharynx, tongue base, epiglottis, included the presence of EVO.ResultsThe results demonstrated that interventions including mouth closure and iNAP were associated with increased observation of EVO (43.1% and 34.7%) compared to OA (20.1%). However, head rotation was associated with decreased presence of EVO during DISE compare to supine (26% vs 35.8%). Noticeably, per 1 year increase of age was associated with an increased odds of EVO (odds ratio: 1.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.01‐1.06). However, no other baseline characteristics were significantly associated the odds of EVO.ConclusionOur study reveals the effectiveness of head rotation and OA in reducing EVO and improving mouth breathing in OSA patients, offering valuable insights for future treatment strategies.
Precision‐Targeted Injection Laryngoplasty and Longitudinal Biomaterial Effects Evaluation Using High‐resolution Ultrasonography in a Rat Model
Authors: Tseng Wen‐Hsuan , Hsiao Tzu‐Yu , Yang Tsung‐Lin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveCurrent laryngeal injection models rely on the transoral route and are suboptimal due to limited view, narrowed working space, and the need to sacrifice animals for investigation of the injectables. In the present study, a novel surgical model for laryngeal intervention therapy utilizing an ultra‐high frequency ultrasound imaging system was proposed. Based on this system, we developed a systemic evaluation approach, from guidance of the injection process, documentation of the injection site of the material, to in vivo longitudinal follow‐up on the augmentation and medialization effect by analyzing the ultrasonography data.Study DesignIn vivo animal study.SettingAcademic institution.MethodsInjection laryngoplasty with hyaluronic acid under ultrasonography guidance was performed on Sprague‐Dawley rats one week after induced unilateral vocal paralysis. Ultrasonography was performed at preinjection, immediately postinjection, on Day 2, Day 7 and then weekly for 4 weeks to obtain measurements, including the glottic area, angle between bilateral folds, and vocal fold width ratio. Laryngoscopic and histologic studies were also performed.ResultsUnilateral injections to the paralyzed fold were successfully performed as demonstrated by ultrasonographic, laryngoscopic, and histologic studies. The width ratio was significantly increased after injection for 4 weeks, while the glottic airway area was unchanged.ConclusionHere, a novel surgical model for laryngeal injection utilizing ultrasonography in rats was established. In addition to providing visual guidance for precise localization of the injection, robust documentation of the treatment effect was also demonstrated. This methodology could be beneficial for screening therapeutic agents for treatment of glottic insufficiency.
Exploring Diversity in North American Academic Pediatric Otolaryngology
Authors: Abdallah Zahra , Sodhi Emily , Davidson Jacob , Lawlor Claire M. , Wilson Claire A. , Strychowsky Julie E. , Graham M. Elise 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveRepresentation of women and minority groups is traditionally low in Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery (OHNS). This cross‐sectional study aims to assess the difference in gender and racial/ethnic representation within Academic North American pediatric OHNS.Study DesignCross‐sectional study of North American pediatric OHNS faculty websites.SettingNorth America.MethodsCanadian and American residency program registries were searched for accredited OHNS programs. Pediatric OHNS faculty were identified through program websites. Information regarding gender, race/ethnicity, time in practice, research productivity, academic title, and leadership positions was extracted from public profiles and Scopus. Demographic and academic data was also extracted for OHNS and pediatric OHNS department/division chairs.ResultsNorth American academic pediatric OHNS websites listed 516 surgeons, of whom 39.9% were women. Most surgeons were perceived as White (69.0%), followed by Asian (24.0%), Hispanic (3.7%), and Black (3.3%). Women surgeons had lower h‐indices, less publications, and less citations than men (P < .001). Despite women surgeons having fewer years in practice (median 8.0 vs 13.0, P < .001), gender‐differences in h‐index persisted when controlling for years in practice (P < .05). Men surgeons had higher academic titles (P < .001), but there was no gender difference in leadership roles while accounting for years in practice (P = .559). White surgeons had higher academic titles than non‐White surgeons (P = .018). There was no racial/ethnic difference in leadership roles (P = .392).ConclusionMost pediatric OHNS surgeons are men and/or White. Significant gender‐differences in research productivity and academic title exist, however surgeons of racial/ethnic minority have similar research productivity as their racial/ethnic majority counterparts.
Longitudinal Success of Tonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Diala Obinna R. , Polat Pinar , Pickett‐Nairne Kaci , Friedman Norman R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveObstructive sleep apnea is common in children with Down syndrome (DS). Tonsillectomy is recommended as the first‐line approach in treating children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), however, there is limited data on the long‐term outcomes in children with DS who undergo tonsillectomy. In this retrospective study, we examined the long‐term polysomnographic and symptomatic outcomes in children with DS who underwent tonsillectomy with or without an adenoidectomy (T&A). We hypothesize that the success of T&A to treat OSA in children with DS will diminish with time.Study DesignA retrospective chart review of children with DS who underwent T&A between 2009 and 2015 was conducted. Inclusion criteria were children with at least 1 postoperative polysomnogram (PSG) within 6 months of T&A with an obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (OAHI) < 5. Outcomes were determined by subsequent clinic visits and postoperative polysomnograms: OAHI ≥ 5, snoring reported during clinic visit and time to reoccurrence.SettingChildrens Hospital Colorado.ResultsOf the 57 children with mild OSA at 1st (initial) PSG, 13/40 (33%) children had OAHI ≥ 5 at the 2nd postoperative PSG. Of the 18 patients who underwent a 3rd PSG, 4 (22%) progressed to moderate/severe OSA. A total of 17 patients out of the original 57 (30%) progressed to moderate/severe OSA with the median time for the additional post‐op PSG's being 2.3 years.ConclusionChildren with DS who have at most mild OSA (OAHI < 5) following a T&A are at risk for progressing to at least moderate OSA within 2 years after their T&A. A surveillance PSG 2 years following surgery will identify these children.
Serum Levels of Stereocilin as a Hearing Biomarker
Authors: Malesky Carly , Daniel Diana , Skoe Erika , Parham Kourosh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNoise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL) often presents with an insidious onset, resulting from the cumulative effect of chronic, high‐level noise exposure regardless of etiology. Stereocilin (STRC) is a protein that supports stereocilia attachment and cochlear hair cell function, 2 common targets of noise trauma. In this study, we explored the relationship between STRC and daily noise exposure in young, healthy adults. We found that higher noise exposure levels were associated with lower serum levels of STRC, as was the case for another inner‐ear protein, prestin. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum STRC and prestin levels. These results support a biomarker approach for the diagnosis and monitoring of NIHL. The ability to detect and measure STRC in the blood also has implications for targeted gene therapy. STRC mutations are known to be associated with autosomal recessive deafness, a condition that is now amenable to targeted gene therapy.