bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of BAFF expression by IFN-γ via JAK/STAT signaling pathways in human intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Woo Sun-Je , Im Jintaek , Jeon Jun Ho , Kang Seok-Seong , Lee Mi-Hee , Yun Cheol-Heui , Moon Eun-Yi , Song Man Ki , Kim Hong-Hee , Han Seung Hyun 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In human intestinal epithelial cells, IFN-γ induces BAFF expression through the signaling pathway of JAK/STAT and GAS, in the promoter region of the BAFF gene.
BAFF plays an important role in the development of B cells. Here, we investigated the effect of IFN-γ on BAFF expression in human intestinal epithelial cells. IFN-γ induced soluble and membrane-bound BAFF production in a dose- and time-dependent manner. IFN-γ-induced BAFF release from polarized intestinal epithelial cells was observed in apical and basolateral compartments. JAK I inhibitor suppressed IFN-γ-induced BAFF expression. Moreover, IFN-γ enhanced STAT1 phosphorylation and expression of IRF-1. Transient transfection and reporter gene assay showed that the BAFF promoter region spanning −750 to −500 bp from the translation initiation site was crucial for IFN-γ-induced BAFF expression. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a GAS element in the promoter region. ChIP assay confirmed the enhanced binding of phosphorylated STAT1 to the BAFF promoter region at −800 to −601 bp. Furthermore, IFN-γ enhanced DNA binding to GAS and its transcriptional activation, as determined by the EMSA and reporter gene assay. Collectively, these results suggest that IFN-γ induces BAFF expression in human intestinal epithelial cells through JAK/STAT signaling pathways that might activate the GAS and IRF-1-binding element in the BAFF promoter.
Correlates of relative resistance against low-dose rectal simian immunodeficiency virus challenges in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of vaccinated rhesus macaques
Authors: Kurupati Raj , Tuyishime Steve , Kossenkov Andrew V , Sazanovich Marina , Haut Larissa H , Lasaro Marcio O , Ratcliffe Sarah J , Bosinger Steven E , Carnathan Diane G , Lewis Mark , Showe Louise C , Silvestri Guido , Ertl Hildegund C J 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Vaccine-induced molecular correlates of protection against repeated low-dose rectal SIVmac251 challenges of rhesus macaques, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
In this study, we compared the immunogenicity and protection from repeated low-dose intrarectal SIVmac251 challenge in two groups of vaccinated RMs. Animals were immunized with live SIVmac239, which had been attenuated by a deletion of the nef sequence, or they were vaccinated twice with an E1-deleted AdHu5, expressing SIVmac239gag. The vaccinated animals and a cohort of unvaccinated control animals were then challenged 10 times in weekly intervals with low doses of SIVmac251 given rectally. Our results confirm previous studies showing that whereas SIVΔnef provides some degree of protection against viral acquisition after repeated low-dose rectal SIVmac251 challenges, vaccination with an AdHu5gag vaccine designed to induce only antiviral T cell responses is ineffective. As immunological analyses of prechallenge, vaccine-induced T and B cell responses failed to reveal correlates of protection that distinguished the more susceptible from the more resistant vaccinated animals, we carried out RNA-Seq studies of paired pre- and postvaccination samples to identify transcriptional patterns that correlated with the differences in response. We show that gene expression signatures associated with the delayed SIV infection seen in some AdHu5gag recipients were largely present in prevaccination samples of those animals. In contrast, the responding SIVΔnef-immunized animals showed a predominance of vaccine-induced changes, thus enabling us to define inherited and vaccine-induced gene expression signatures and their associated pathways that may play a role in preventing SIV acquisition.
Systemic administration of TLR3 agonist induces IL-7 expression and IL-7-dependent CXCR3 ligand production in the lung
Authors: Jin Jun-O , Yu Qing 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Delineate a new mechanism where systemic poly I:C administration boosts local T cell immunity, and how IL-7 bridges TLR3 signal to adaptive immunity.
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that systemic administration of TLR3 agonist poly I:C can enhance T cell infiltration of lung through up-regulating IL-7 expression. poly I:C, a synthetic analog of viral dsRNA and a TLR3 agonist, is studied extensively as vaccine adjuvant as a result of its pleotropic immune-stimulatory effects. Here, we show that systemic poly I:C administration induces substantial IL-7 production in the lung in a type 1 IFN- and IFN-γ-dependent fashion. Blockade of the IL-7Rα signal with a neutralizing antibody abrogated poly I:C-induced MCP-1 up-regulation, macrophage recruitment, and CXCR3 ligand expression in the lung. Conversely, administration of IL-7 enhances these events, and it does so by enhancing T cell IFN-γ production. We also show that the initial up-regulation of CXCR3 ligands and infiltration of T cells in the lung are mediated by poly I:C-induced IFN-γ from NK cells; however, the sustained and optimal CXCR3 ligand expression and T cell infiltration require poly I:C-induced IL-7 and T cell-derived IFN-γ. In a model of multiorgan inflammation elicited by adoptive transfer of immune cells into RAG1−/− mice, we show that poly I:C enhances IL-7 production in the lung and promotes expression of CXCR3 ligands and recruitment of IFN-γ+ T cells in an IL-7-dependent fashion. Collectively, these results strongly support our hypothesis and delineate a new mechanism by which poly I:C boosts the T cell immune response in the lung by inducing local IL-7 production, which in turn, enhances T cell-derived IFN-γ to promote macrophage recruitment, CXCR3 ligand expression, and T cell infiltration.
Self-eating and self-defense: autophagy controls innate immunity and adaptive immunity
Authors: Liu Guangwei , Bi Yujing , Wang Ruoning , Wang Xianghui 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Review on how the self-eating (autophagy) process could regulate the self-defense (immune) system.
Autophagy (macroautophagy; “self-eating”) is a degradation process, in which cytoplasmic content is engulfed and degraded by the lysosome. And, immunity is an important mechanism of the “self-defense” system. Autophagy has long been recognized as a stress response to nutrient deprivation. This will provide energy and anabolic building blocks to maintain cellular bioenergetic homeostasis. Thus, autophagy plays critical roles in regulating a wide variety of pathophysiological processes, including tumorigenesis, embryo development, tissue remodeling, and most recently, immunity. The latter shows that a self-eating (autophagy) process could regulate a self-defense (immune) system. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the regulatory and mechanistic insights of the autophagy pathway in immunity.
Identification of a region in p47phox/NCF1 crucial for phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX2) activation
Authors: Sareila Outi , Jaakkola Noora , Olofsson Peter , Kelkka Tiina , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The p47phox (NCF1) variant expressed in Ncf1m1J mice is defective in activating the NOX2 complex to produce ROS.
A point mutation in the mouse Ncf1m1J gene decreases production of ROS by the phagocytic NOX2 complex. Three mRNA splice variants are expressed, but only one is expressed as a protein, although at lower levels than the WT NCF1 (also known as p47phox). Our aim was to investigate whether the mutant p47phox, lacking 8 aa, is active, but as a result of its low expression, ROS production is decreased in Ncf1m1J mice, or whether the mutant p47phox completely lacks the capability to activate the NOX2 complex. The p47phox mutant (Δ228–235), which was equal to the protein in Ncf1m1J mice, failed to activate the NOX2 complex. When the deleted region was narrowed down to 2 aa, the p47phox protein remained inactive and failed to translocate to the membrane upon activation. Single amino acid substitutions revealed Thr233 to be vital for ROS production. Residues Tyr231 and Val232 also seemed to be important for p47phox function, as p47phox_Y231G and p47phox_V232G resulted in a &gt;50% decrease in ROS production by the NOX2 complex. In addition, we identified the epitope of the D-10 anti-p47phox mAb. In conclusion, the p47phox protein variant expressed in Ncf1m1J mice is completely defective in activating the NOX2 complex to produce ROS, and the effect is dependent on SH3 region amino acids at positions 231–233, which are vital for the proper assembly of the NOX2 complex.
Structure of Concentrated Aqueous Urea Solutions Involving Alkali Metal Salts Studied by Neutron Diffraction with 14N/15N, 6Li/7Li, and 35Cl/37Cl Isotopic Substitution Methods
Authors: Miyazaki Takuya , Kameda Yasuo , Amo Yuko , Usuki Takeshi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Neutron diffraction with 14N/15N, 35Cl/37Cl, and 6Li/7Li isotopic substitution methods have been applied to aqueous 10 mol % urea solutions involving 5 mol % NaCl and 10 mol % LiCl, in order to obtain information on the hydration structure around the amino group of urea which is affected by coexisting ions, Cl− and Li+. Observed first-order difference functions, ΔNinter(Q), ΔCl(Q), and ΔLi(Q), were respectively analyzed using least-squares fitting. The nearest neighbor intermolecular N···Ow (Ow: oxygen atom in D2O) distance was determined to be 3.09(1) and 3.19(1) Å, from the analyses for sample solutions involving NaCl and LiCl, respectively. These intermolecular N···Ow distances are slightly longer than those reported for aqueous urea solutions of similar concentrations. These results suggest that hydrogen bonds among amino groups of urea and neighboring water molecules are weakened by coexisting alkali metal salts. The structural parameters concerning the first hydration shell of Cl− and Li+, have been determined to be r(Cl−···Dw) = 2.27(1) Å (Dw: deuterium atom in D2O) and r(Li+···Ow) = 1.95(1) Å, respectively. The results indicate that the structure of the first hydration shell around Cl− and Li+ is not affected by the presence of urea molecules in the aqueous solution.
Simple Observation of the Interaction between Nanoparticles and Cells by Scanning Electron Microscopy Employing Ionic Liquid
Authors: Shima Fumiaki , Kawakami Koshi , Akagi Takami , Mochizuki Eiko , Tsuda Tetsuya , Kuwabata Susumu , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) was clearly observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) employing an ionic liquid for the first time. The samples did not show charge-up effect without staining, and high contrast images were achieved. Because of these unique properties of the ionic liquid, we could finely observe the cellular uptake of NPs compared with conventional SEM observation method. Moreover, the cells became transparent as the accelerating voltage increased, and the internalized NPs composed of heavy atoms were easily determined. This ionic liquid method provides a simple and short pretreatment procedure and thus is a promising technique for evaluating the cellular uptake of NPs and the intracellular fate of NPs. This method also gives a strategy to observe NPs which are unstable in the dry condition by choosing a suitable ionic liquid.
BODIPY-Based Ratiometric Fluoroionophores with Bidirectional Spectral Shifts for the Selective Recognition of Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Hafuka Akira , Taniyama Hiroki , Son Sang-Hyun , Yamada Koji , Takahashi Masahiro , Okabe Satoshi , Satoh Hisashi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Two novel asymmetric BODIPY fluoroionophores with dipicolylamine (BDP-DPA, dipicolylamine: bis(pyridylmethyl)) and terpyridine (BDP-TPY) are described. These fluoroionophores display opposite wavelength responses on complexation with heavy metal ions. Furthermore, the fluorescence spectra vary depending on the ionic species. In particular, BDP-DPA shows a high affinity toward Cr3+ and upon complexation, the fluorescence spectrum blue-shifts from 591 to 566 nm. In contrast, BDP-TPY preferentially binds to Zn2+ and the fluorescence spectra red-shifts from 539 to 567 nm. BDP-TPY is the first example of asymmetric BODIPY with a pyridyl receptor at the 3 position showing red-shifted fluorescence by complexation with metal ions. The concentration of each metal ion was successfully determined by ratiometric measurement. The wavelength-responses characteristics of these fluoroionophores could be very useful in the development of novel ratiometric fluoroionophores for metal ions.
Chemistry of Anthracene–Acetylene Oligomers. XXI. Structures and Stereochemistry of Chiral Anthracene–Acetylene Dimers with an Intra-Annular Alkoxy Group
Authors: Tsuya Takuya , Iwanaga Tetsuo , Toyota Shinji 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Anthracene–acetylene cyclic dimers having a methoxy or an ethoxy group at the intra-annular position were synthesized by cross-coupling reactions. DFT calculations suggested that the alkoxy–alkyl groups were perpendicular to the planar rigid framework leading to a chiral structure. The enantiomers were resolved by chiral HPLC and their chiroptical properties were characterized by optical rotation and CD spectral measurements. Their absolute stereochemistries were assigned by the theoretical calculation of CD spectra by using the TDDFT method. Kinetic measurements revealed that the barriers to enantiomerization were 122 and &gt;142 kJ mol−1 for the methoxy and ethoxy compounds, respectively. The structures and stereochemistries are compared with those of intra-annular alkyl derivatives.
Electrochemical Preparation of Controllably Large-sized Mesoporous Platinum Films by Using Diblock Copolymers and an Organic Expander
Authors: Sekine Kaori , Doi Yoji , Takai Azusa , Yamauchi Yusuke , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Mesoporous Pt films with controllably large-sized mesopores were prepared by using a diblock copolymer (polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide), PS-b-PEO) and an organic expander (polystyrene homopolymer, h-PS). With the increase in the molecular weight of PS-b-PEO, the mesopore size gradually increased. All films possess spherical cage-type mesopores irrespectively of both the molecular weight of PS-b-PEO and the use of the expander.
Changeover of the Thermodynamic Behavior for Hydrogen Storage in Rh with Increasing Nanoparticle Size
Authors: Kusada Kohei , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Ikeda Ryuichi , Morita Hitoshi , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
We first report the hydrogen storage properties of Rh nanoparticles having a diameter over 10 nm and the change in the temperature dependences of hydrogen storage based on particle sizes of Rh nanoparticles. Hydrogen storage was investigated by hydrogen pressure–composition isotherm and solid-state 2H NMR measurements. We demonstrate that Rh nanoparticles with dimensions of ca. 10 nm absorb hydrogen similar to smaller Rh nanoparticles; however, the enthalpy of hydrogen storage in Rh nanoparticles is changed from exothermic to endothermic with increasing particle size, with a critical size between 7.1 and 10.5 nm. The thermodynamics of hydrogen storage in Rh can be tuned by controlling the particle size.
Oxygen-17 NMR Study of Defects in LnO1.5–CeO2 (Ln = La and Nd)
Authors: Ando Mariko , Oikawa Itaru , Ohki Shinobu , Tansho Masataka , Shimizu Tadashi , Maekawa Hideki , Kiyono Hajime 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The local structure around the oxide ions in LnO1.5–CeO2 (Ln = La, Nd) was studied by using 17O NMR spectroscopy. Each spectrum of LnO1.5–CeO2 showed a broad peak due to a distribution of oxygen tetrahedra. From the peak separation, the relative numbers of oxygen tetrahedra, O[Ce]4, O[Ce]3[Ln], and O[Ce]2[Ln]2, were determined quantitatively. In the La2O3–CeO2 system, the amounts of O[Ce]4, O[Ce]3[Ln], and O[Ce]2[Ln]2 deviated from the calculated value for over 20 mol % La-doped ceria (LDC). The distribution of oxygen tetrahedra for LaO1.5–CeO2 differed from those in LnO1.5–CeO2 (Ln = Nd, Y). These results suggest that the stability of the oxygen tetrahedra changes with the size of the doped ions.
Promoting Effect of CeO2 on the Catalytic Activity of Rhodium Supported on Y-Stabilized ZrO2 for NO–CO–C3H6–O2 Reactions
Authors: Haneda Masaaki , Sawada Hirotaka , Kamiuchi Naoto , Ozawa Masakuni 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The catalytic activity of Rh supported on Y-stabilized ZrO2 for NO–CO–C3H6–O2 reactions under stoichiometric conditions was improved by the addition of 5 mol % CeO2, whereas an excess amount of CeO2 of more than 10 mol % caused a decrease in the NO reduction activity. The improvement was ascribed to the formation of easily reducible Rh species through interaction with a Ce–Zr solid solution.
Anion Effect on Femtosecond OHD-RIKES and Raman Spectroscopy of Imidazolium-based Room-temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Lu Rong , Wang Wei , Yuan Shuwei , Yu Anchi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The femtosecond optical heterodyne-detected Raman-induced Kerr-effect spectroscopy (OHD-RIKES) time profiles of [Bmim][PF6], [Bmim][BF4], and [Bmim]I present similar damping oscillations, indicating that their femtosecond OHD-RIKES signals mainly arise from [Bmim]+ cations. Both the femtosecond OHD-RIKES fast Fourier-transform spectra and the Raman spectra of [Bmim][PF6], [Bmim][BF4], and [Bmim]I reveal that the interactions between two [Bmim]+ cations in [Bmim]I are stronger than those in [Bmim][PF6] and [Bmim][BF4].
Antibacterial Activity of Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Assembly with Chitosan through Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Ko Tae Yun , Kim So Yeon , Kim Hyun Gu , Moon Gi-Seong , In Insik 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Noncovalent functionalization of antibacterial chitosan on chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO) provides both dispersion stability and antibacterial activity for RGO, which is an insoluble and nonbioactive carbon nanomaterial. In situ chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of chitosan under acidic conditions produces a stable dispersion of RGO/chitosan assemblies. The prepared RGO/chitosan assemblies show enhanced antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli JM109 compared with GO, suggesting that noncovalent chemistry can minimize any detrimental effects on the bioactivity, which is one of the critical features for biofunctionalization of carbon nanomaterials such as graphene.
Estimated Mobility of Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors, Indigo and Diketopyrrolopyrrole
Authors: Kojima Hirotaka , Mori Takehiko 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The title organic molecules, recently used as building blocks of ambipolar π-conjugated polymers, are investigated by molecular orbital calculations. The tendency that the transfer integral and the reorganization energy increase at the same time helps the accomplishment of balanced hole and electron mobilities.
Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Effect of Hexagonally Arranged Gold Nanoparticle Array with 29-nm Particles and 23-nm Gaps Using Liquid-crystalline Block-copolymer Template
Authors: Hadano Shingo , Handa Hiroshige , Nagai Keiji , Iyoda Tomokazu , Li JingZe , Watanabe Shigeru 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A hexagonally arranged gold nanoparticle array with a particle size of 29 nm and gap of 23 nm was fabricated on a silicon wafer substrate through the block-copolymer templating method. Its molecular sensing ability was examined on the basis of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). With 4-sulfanylpyridine (4-Spy) used as a target molecule, the SERS enhancement factor (EF) for this array was 7.0 × 104. A linear relationship between the SERS signal and the amount of 4-Spy was obtained, with a dynamic range of four orders of magnitude. The highly reproducible SERS sensing originates from the well-ordered gold nanoparticle arrangement over the whole substrate.
Nanoparticle Fabrication with Biodegradable Block Copolymer Composed of Hydrophilic Poly(trimethylene carbonate) Derivative and Hydrophobic Polylactide
Authors: Chu Hong , Ajiro Hiroharu , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Chen Mingqing , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A poly(trimethylene carbonate) derivative with a methoxyethoxyl group, poly[5-(2-methoxyethyoxymethyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one] (poly(TMCM-MOE1OM)), was used as a block copolymer component with polylactide. The hydrophilic properties of the poly(TMCM-MOE1OM) segment resulted in nanoparticles with acetonitrile/water through a self-organized precipitation process. Wide applications of the obtained nanoparticles are expected owing to the biodegradability of both the interior and exterior parts, which are composed of different polymer backbones.
Exfoliation of Layered Octosilicate by Simple Cation Exchange with Didecyldimethylammonium Ions
Authors: Osada Shimon , Iribe Aoi , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Layered octosilicate was exfoliated by stirring didecyldimethylammonium-exchanged silicate in pentane with ultrasonication. The silicate framework was retained at least partly even after the exfoliation. Loosely arranged decyl groups in the interlayers probably induce the exfoliation. This exfoliation method should be applicable to other layered alkali silicates.
The role of doctors in investigation, prevention and treatment of torture
Authors: Mccoll Helen , Bhui Kamaldeep , Jones Edgar 
Published: December 2012

Summary Doctors may assess and treat torture survivors; some may document crucial evidence of torture in medico-legal reports. However, there is a lack of education on torture and related ethical and legal issues at undergraduate and postgraduate level and many doctors are not aware of opportunities to work with organisations for the prevention of torture. This paper defines Torture, describes methods used, and sets out the human rights instruments and codes of ethical practice that mandate efforts to prevent torture. Medical complicity in torture is discussed and the need for national and international medical associations to prevent torture by both supporting doctors and recognising and tackling medial complicity. The paper offers guidance for assessing and documenting torture, and for providing health care for survivors of torture.