bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A biobjective decision model to increase security and reduce travel costs in the cash‐in‐transit sector
Authors: Talarico Luca , Sörensen Kenneth , Springael Johan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present a variant of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) to increase security in the cash‐in‐transit sector. A specific index is used for quantifying the exposure of a vehicle to the risk of being robbed along its route. In addition, the problem is subject to a traditional capacity constraint, which limits the maximum amount of valuables that can be transported inside the vehicle. This constraint might be imposed, for example, by insurance companies. A biobjective formulation, aimed at reducing both risk and travel costs, is proposed. The objectives are conflicting since higher risk exposures would allow a reduction of the travel costs incurred by a transportation firm to visit all its customers for the collection of cash. A mathematical model of the problem is described and solved using a progressive multiobjective metaheuristic. Multiobjective optimization and multicriteria decision making are integrated into a single metaheuristic algorithm. To simplify the decision process, the decision maker's preferences are embedded into the multiobjective algorithm. Realistic instances are generated considering the geographical coordinates of several customers (e.g., stores, banks, shopping centers) located in Belgium. The proposed solution approach is tuned and tested both on these realistic instances and standard benchmark instances for the capacitated VRP.
Labour protection and informal work: A cross‐national analysis of European countries, 2004–2012
Authors: FLÓREZ Luz Adriana , PERALES Francisco 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInformal work, defined as work performed without a formal contract, lowers productivity, reduces tax revenue and hampers economic growth. Reducing informal work is a policy objective in developed and developing countries alike. Yet, particularly since the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, most socio‐economic policy reforms across Europe have reduced the generosity of unemployment benefit schemes and deregulated employment protection. The authors argue that, while such reforms may have contributed to reducing unemployment, they might also have increased the incidence of informal work. Using European Social Survey data for 2004–12, they find that labour protection is effective in reducing informal wage employment.
The potential effects of labour market duality for countries in a monetary union
Authors: KOSIOR Anna , RUBASZEK Michał , WIERUS Kamil 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article investigates whether the varying prevalence of temporary employment contracts across Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) countries can explain their different unemployment dynamics. Using a database of labour market institutions, dynamic panel regressions are carried out for 11 eurozone countries for 1995–2013. Labour market duality – i.e. the co‐existence of permanent and temporary contracts – is found to have a robust and significant effect on unemployment dynamics: a high duality rate increases the response of unemployment to output shocks while decreasing its persistence. The authors suggest that introducing a “single contract” could improve stability at both eurozone and country level.
GENESIS OF THE CUMULATE EUCRITES SERRA DE MAGÉ AND MOORE COUNTY: A GEOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors: Ma M.‐S. , Schmitt R.A. 
Published: November 2015

Major, minor and trace element abundances have been determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in whole rock and plagioclase separates of Serra de Magé (SdM). The whole rock contains 52% normative plagioclase and its chondritic normalized REE abundance pattern shows a large Eu anomaly, dominated by the plagioclase REE distribution, and nearly unfractionated La‐Sm and Sm‐Lu abundances. The plagioclase separates contained ∼ 6% pyroxenes and exhibited a typical plagioclase REE distribution.The REE abundances in the derivative equilibrium magmas from which SdM and Moore County (MC) plagioclases crystallized have been estimated from the plagioclase data and the plagioclase mineral/liquid partition coefficients. The REE distributions in possibly earlier parental magmas were calculated by assuming that various degrees of plagioclase and pigeonite (plagioclase/pigeonite = 1) fractional crystallization had been operative prior to the crystallization of SdM and MC. The calculated La/Sm and Sm/Yb ratios for the earlier magmas are essentially the same as the equilibrium magmas over a wide range (10–95%) of the assumed fractional crystallization.Considering the REE distributions and the Fe/Fe+Mg ratios, calculation shows that there is no simple genetic relationship between MC and SdM via fractional crystallization processes. A hypothesis for the derivation of these cumulate eucrites in the plutonic environment from residual diogenitic liquid, which was produced by the extensive partial melting of an eucritic source material followed by the crystallization of diogenite, also fails to account for the fractionated REE patterns calculated for the equilibrium and the possible parental magmas for either SdM or MC. Equilibrium non‐modal partial melting calculations indicate that SdM and MC could be genetically related by a factor ∼ 6 difference in the degrees of partial melting from a similar source material. However, this common source material which should contain > 30% high‐Ca clinopyroxene and has a chondritic normalized La/Yb ∼ 3, is different than that proposed for the non‐cumulate eucrites.
SHERGOTTY METEORITE: MINERALOGY, PETROGRAPHY AND MINOR ELEMENTS
Authors: Smith J.V. , Hervig R.L. 
Published: November 2015

The unusual achondrite Shergotty resembles terrestrial diabases, and textural and chemical evidence indicates pre‐settling and post‐settling crystallization of zoned augite (En48Fs19Wo33‐En25Fs47Wo28) and pigeonite (En61Fs26Wo13‐En21Fs61Wo18) coupled with late crystallization of plagioclase (Ab43An56/Or1‐Ab56An41Or3: now shocked to maskelynite), titanomagnetite‐ilmenite composite grains, mesostasis (normative Qz34Ab21An5Or38Fs2, assuming Fe as ferrous), whitlockite, pyrrhotite (Fe0.94S), fayalite (Fo10), baddeleyite and chlorapatite. The oxide compositions (Usp62Mt38, Al2O3 2.4, Cr2O3 0.8 wt %; Ilm95Hm5) indicate ∼ 850 °C and log oxygen fugacity − 14, while the occurrence of fayalite rims on mesostasis next to ilmenite indicates 890 °C. Bearing in mind experimental uncertainties, these data are consistent with late‐stage crystallization under relatively high oxygen fugacity, as indicated by coexistence of fayalite, Ti‐magnetite and a silica glass. The high alkali content of the maskelynite and mesostasis, coupled with the redox state, indicates that the Shergotty meteorite resembles terrestrial basalts more than any other meteorites. Nevertheless the absence of H2O, as shown by the occurrence of phosphorus in whitlockite rather than in hydroxylapatite, distinguish the Shergotty achondrite from typical terrestrial diabases.Whereas the FeO/MnO ratios of pyroxenes from the Moon, Earth and several differentiated meteorites are independent of FeO, the ratio for Shergotty pyroxenes changes from 30 to 40 with increasing FeO, and the linear trend extrapolates to 0.2 MnO for zero iron. Hence caution is needed in using FeO/MnO as a planetary indicator.For pyroxenes, Na is almost independent of Fe/Mg while Ti increases and Cr decreases with increasing Fe/Mg. Maskelynite contains 0.5–0.25 wt % K2O, 0.6 wt % FeO, 0.04 TiO2, 0.04–0.07 MgO, ∼ 0.01 BaO and 0.02–0.03 P2O5.A bulk analysis calculated from the mode and compositions of the minerals matches quite well with two bulk chemical analyses but not with a third.
THE NARAGH METEORITE: A NEW OLIVINE‐BRONZITE CHONDRITE FALL
Authors: Adib D. , Liou J.G. 
Published: November 2015

At 9:20 A.M. on August 18, 1974, a stony meteorite of approximately 3200 grams struck the roof of a secondary school at Naragh, Central Iran, (51°30′E, 33°45′N). The ellipsoidal dark‐gray meteorite was 17 × 15 × 13 cm (density 3.62 gr/cm3).XRF and wet chemical analysis yields the bulk composition of the meteorite as follows in weight percent: Fe 11.95, Ni 1.05, Co 0.07, FeS 5.49, SiO2 37.15, TiO2 0.15, Al2O3 2.43, Cr2O30.62, FeO 14.25, MnO 0.23, MgO 23.79, CaO 1.61, Na2O 0.92, K2O 0.08, P2O5 0.26. Modal mineral contents (in volume percent) are olivine 40, orthopyroxene 25, clinopyroxene 3, plagioclase 10.5, chromite 0.80, phosphate 0.70, troilite 6, metal phases 14. The meteorite is fine‐grained, with average grain size about 0.4–0.6 mm and contains numerous recrystallized glassy chondrules. Olivine occurs as laths and radiating crystals in chondrules and as coarse‐grained phenocrysts and interstitial microcrystalline grains in the matrix. These olivines have relatively uniform composition (Fo80–82Fa20–18). Fine‐grained skeletal orthopyroxenes of average composition (En16Fs82Wo01) are inter‐grown with olivine in both chondrules and matrix. Clinopyroxene and plagioclase of average composition (En6.5Fs48Wo45.5) and (Ab82An12Or06) respectively, are evenly distributed in the matrix, together with kamacite (Fe92–95), plessite (Fe69.6–82.2) and taenite (Fe46.7–66.1), troilite (Ni‐free) and chromite grains.The high ratios of total Fe to SiO2 of 0.71, metallic Fe to total Fe of 0.54, and SiO2 to MgO of 1.56 in the bulk composition, the Fa component of olivine grains of 17.5–19.6, and the high Ca content of orthopyroxenes between 0.53 and 0.87 wt % suggest that the Naragh meteorite belongs to the H‐group and petrologic type 6 of Van Schmus and Wood (1967) classification. In addition, the occurrence of fine‐grained clear sodic plagioclase, the presence of numerous recrystallized chondrules with homogeneous silicate minerals, and the absence of Ni in the sulfide phase indicate that the Naragh meteorite has been metamorphosed after the initial crystallization in the parental body.
Understanding sustained domestic violence identification in maternal and child health nurse care: process evaluation from a 2‐year follow‐up of the MOVE trial
Authors: Hooker Leesa , Small Rhonda , Taft Angela 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate factors contributing to the sustained domestic violence screening and support practices of Maternal and Child Health nurses 2 years after a randomized controlled trial.BackgroundDomestic violence screening by healthcare professionals has been implemented in many primary care settings. Barriers to screening exist and screening rates remain low. Evidence for longer term integration of nurse screening is minimal. Trial outcomes showed sustained safety planning behaviours by intervention group nurses.DesignProcess evaluation in 2‐year follow‐up of a cluster randomized controlled trial.MethodsEvaluation included a repeat online nurse survey and 14 interviews (July–September 2013). Survey analysis included comparison of proportionate group difference between arms and between trial baseline and 2 year follow‐up surveys. Framework analysis was used to assess qualitative data. Normalization Process Theory informed evaluation design and interpretation of results.ResultsSurvey response was 77% (n = 123/160). Sustainability of nurse identification of domestic violence appeared to be due to greater nurse discussion and domestic violence disclosure by women, facilitated by use of a maternal health and well‐being checklist. Over time, intervention group nurses used the maternal checklist more at specific maternal health visits and found the checklist the most helpful resource assisting their domestic violence work. Nurses’ spoke of a degree of ‘normalization’ to domestic violence screening that will need constant investment to maintain.ConclusionSustainable domestic violence screening and support outcomes can be achieved in an environment of comprehensive, nurse designed and theory driven implementation. Continuing training, discussion and monitoring of domestic violence work is needed to retain sustainable practices.
Macronutrient intake regulates sexual conflict in decorated crickets
Authors: Rapkin J. , Jensen K. , Lane S. M. , House C. M. , Sakaluk S. K. , Hunt J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSexual conflict results in a diversity of sex‐specific adaptations, including chemical additions to ejaculates. Male decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) produce a gelatinous nuptial gift (the spermatophylax) that varies in size and free amino acid composition, which influences a female's willingness to fully consume this gift. Complete consumption of this gift maximizes sperm transfer through increased retention of the sperm‐containing ampulla, but hinders post‐copulatory mate choice. Here, we examine the effects of protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) intake on the weight and amino acid composition of the spermatophylax that describes its gustatory appeal to the female, as well as the ability of this gift to regulate sexual conflict via ampulla attachment time. Nutrient intake had similar effects on the expression of these traits with each maximized at a high intake of nutrients with a P : C ratio of 1 : 1.3. Under dietary choice, males actively regulated their nutrient intake but this regulation did not coincide with the peak of the nutritional landscape for any trait. Our results therefore demonstrate that a balanced intake of nutrients is central to regulating sexual conflict in G. sigillatus, but males are constrained from reaching the optima needed to bias the outcome of this conflict in their favour.
Linking medical faculty stress/burnout to willingness to implement medical school curriculum change: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Arvandi Zeinab , Emami Amirhossein , Zarghi Nazila , Alavinia Seyed Mohammad , Shirazi Mandana , Parikh Sagar V. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesBalancing administrative demands from the medical school while providing patient support and seeking academic advancement can cause personal hardship that ranges from high stress to clinically recognizable conditions such as burnout. Regarding the importance of clinical faculties' burnout and its effects on different aspects of their professional career, this study was conducted and aimed to evaluate the relationship between willingness to change teaching approaches as characterized by a modified stage‐of‐change model and measures of stress and burnout.MethodsThis descriptive analytic study was conducted on 143 clinical faculty members of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Participants were asked to complete three questionnaires: a modified stages of change questionnaire the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire. Data were analysed by SPSS: 16 using non‐parametric statistical tests such as multiple regression and ICC (intra‐class coefficient) and Spearman correlation coefficient test.ResultA significant relationship was found between faculty members' readiness to change teaching approaches and the subscales of occupational burnout. Specifically, participants with low occupational burnout were more likely to be in the action stage, while those with high burnout were in the attitude or intention stage, which could be understood as not being ready to implement change. There was no significant correlation between general health scores and stage of change.ConclusionsWe found it feasible to measure stages of change as well as stress/burnout in academic doctors. Occupational burnout directly reduces the readiness to change. To have successful academic reform in medical schools, it therefore would be beneficial to assess and manage occupational burnout among clinical faculty members.
Language of plants: Where is the word?
Authors: Šimpraga Maja , Takabayashi Junji , Holopainen Jarmo K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPlants emit biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) causing transcriptomic, metabolomic and behavioral responses in receiver organisms. Volatiles involved in such responses are often called “plant language”. Arthropods having sensitive chemoreceptors can recognize language released by plants. Insect herbivores, pollinators and natural enemies respond to composition of volatiles from plants with specialized receptors responding to different types of compounds. In contrast, the mechanism of how plants “hear” volatiles has remained obscured. In a plant‐plant communication, several individually emitted compounds are known to prime defense response in receiver plants with a specific manner according to the chemical structure of each volatile compound. Further, composition and ratio of volatile compounds in the plant‐released plume is important in plant‐insect and plant‐plant interactions mediated by plant volatiles. Studies on volatile‐mediated plant‐plant signaling indicate that the signaling distances are rather short, usually not longer than one meter. Volatile communication from plants to insects such as pollinators could be across distances of hundreds of meters. As many of the herbivore induced VOCs have rather short atmospheric life times, we suggest that in long‐distant communications with plant volatiles, reaction products in the original emitted compounds may have additional information value of the distance to emission source together with the original plant‐emitted compounds.
Chronic Methamphetamine Self‐Administration Dysregulates Oxytocin Plasma Levels and Oxytocin Receptor Fibre Density in the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Subthalamic Nucleus of the Rat
Authors: Baracz S. J. , Parker L. M. , Suraev A. S. , Everett N. A. , Goodchild A. K. , McGregor I. S. , Cornish J. L. 
Published: November 2015

The neuropeptide oxytocin attenuates reward and abuse for the psychostimulant methamphetamine (METH). Recent findings have implicated the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and subthalamic nucleus (STh) in oxytocin modulation of acute METH reward and relapse to METH‐seeking behaviour. Surprisingly, the oxytocin receptor (OTR) is only modestly involved in both regions in oxytocin attenuation of METH‐primed reinstatement. Coupled with the limited investigation of the role of the OTR in psychostimulant‐induced behaviours, we primarily investigated whether there are cellular changes to the OTR in the NAc core and STh, as well as changes to oxytocin plasma levels, after chronic METH i.v. self‐administration (IVSA) and after extinction of drug‐taking. An additional aim was to examine whether changes to central corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) and plasma corticosterone levels were also apparent because of the interaction of oxytocin with stress‐regulatory mechanisms. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were trained to lever press for i.v. METH (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) under a fixed‐ratio 1 schedule or received yoked saline infusions during 2‐h sessions for 20 days. An additional cohort of rats underwent behavioural extinction for 15 days after METH IVSA. Subsequent to the last day of IVSA or extinction, blood plasma was collected for enzyme immunoassay, and immunofluorescence was conducted on NAc core and STh coronal sections. Rats that self‐administered METH had higher oxytocin plasma levels, and decreased OTR‐immunoreactive (‐IR) fibres in the NAc core than yoked controls. In animals that self‐administered METH and underwent extinction, oxytocin plasma levels remained elevated, OTR‐IR fibre density increased in the STh, and a trend towards normalisation of OTR‐IR fibre density was evident in the NAc core. CRF‐IR fibre density in both brain regions and corticosterone plasma levels did not change across treatment groups. These findings demonstrate that oxytocin systems, both centrally within the NAc core and STh, as well as peripherally through plasma measures, are dysregulated after METH abuse.
Decreased Npas4 and Arc mRNA Levels in the Hippocampus of Aged Memory‐Impaired Wild‐Type But Not Memory Preserved 11β‐HSD1 Deficient Mice
Authors: Qiu J. , Dunbar D. R. , Noble J. , Cairns C. , Carter R. , Kelly V. , Chapman K. E. , Seckl J. R. , Yau J. L. W. 
Published: November 2015

Mice deficient in the glucocorticoid‐regenerating enzyme 11β‐HSD1 resist age‐related spatial memory impairment. To investigate the mechanisms and pathways involved, we used microarrays to identify differentially expressed hippocampal genes that associate with cognitive ageing and 11β‐HSD1. Aged wild‐type mice were separated into memory‐impaired and unimpaired relative to young controls according to their performance in the Y‐maze. All individual aged 11β‐HSD1‐deficient mice showed intact spatial memory. The majority of differentially expressed hippocampal genes were increased with ageing (e.g. immune/inflammatory response genes) with no genotype differences. However, the neuronal‐specific transcription factor, Npas4, and immediate early gene, Arc, were reduced (relative to young) in the hippocampus of memory‐impaired but not unimpaired aged wild‐type or aged 11β‐HSD1‐deficient mice. A quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridisation confirmed reduced Npas4 and Arc mRNA expression in memory‐impaired aged wild‐type mice. These findings suggest that 11β‐HSD1 may contribute to the decline in Npas4 and Arc mRNA levels associated with memory impairment during ageing, and that decreased activity of synaptic plasticity pathways involving Npas4 and Arc may, in part, underlie the memory deficits seen in cognitively‐impaired aged wild‐type mice.
Parent Involvement in Head Start and Children's Development: Indirect Effects Through Parenting
Authors: Ansari Arya , Gershoff Elizabeth 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe authors examined the extent to which parent involvement in Head Start programs predicted changes in both parent and child outcomes over time, using a nationally representative sample of 1,020 three‐year‐old children over 3 waves of the Family and Child Experiences Survey. Center policies that promote involvement predicted greater parent involvement, and parents who were more involved in Head Start centers demonstrated increased cognitive stimulation and decreased spanking and controlling behaviors. In turn, these changes in parenting behaviors were associated with gains in children's academic and behavioral skills. These findings suggest that Head Start programs should do even more to facilitate parent involvement because it can serve as an important means for promoting both parent and child outcomes.
Dynamics of Domestic Labor Across Short‐ and Long‐Distance Family Relocations
Authors: Vidal Sergi , Perales Francisco , Baxter Janeen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFamily relocations within developed countries are argued to have gendered consequences for paid employment, with men's careers improving and women's careers deteriorating. However, little is known about their potential relationships with outcomes in other life domains, including partnered men's and women's relative shares of domestic labor. The authors addressed this gap in knowledge by theorizing and examining how within‐couple gender gaps in domestic work evolve across short‐ and long‐distance family relocations over the life course, paying attention to the over‐time dynamics before and after event occurrence. To accomplish this, they used 12 years of panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey and panel regression models. The results indicated that family relocations widen the within‐couple gender gap in weekly housework hours, largely because of shifts in women's employment situation and fertility episodes that accompany residential relocations.