bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reasoning From Quantified Modal Premises
Authors: Quelhas Ana Cristina , Rasga Célia , Johnson‐Laird P. N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuantified modal inferences interest logicians, linguists, and computer scientists, but no previous psychological study of them appears to be in the literature. Here is an example of one:
All those artists are businessmen. Paulo is possibly one of the artists. What follows?People tend to conclude: Paulo is possibly a businessman (Experiment 1). It seems plausible, and it follows from an intuitive mental model in which Paulo is one of a set of artists who are businessmen. Further deliberation can yield a model of an alternative possibility in which Paulo is not one of the artists, which confirms that the conclusion is only a possibility. The snag is that standard modal logics, which deal with possibilities, cannot yield a particular conclusion to any premises: Infinitely many follow validly (from any premises) but they do not include the present conclusion. Yet, further experiments corroborated a new mental model theory's predictions for various inferences (Experiment 2), for the occurrence of factual conclusions drawn from premises about possibilities (Experiment 3) and for inferences from premises of modal syllogisms (Experiment 4). The theory is therefore plausible, but we explore the feasibility of a cognitive theory based on modifications to modal logic.
Hours of work and the long‐run effects of in‐work transfers
Authors: Goll David , Joyce Robert , Waters Tom 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolicymakers have increasingly turned to ‘in‐work transfers’ to boost incomes among poorer workers and strengthen work incentives. One attraction of these is that labour supply elasticities are typically greatest at the extensive margin. Because in‐work transfers are normally subject to earnings‐related phase‐outs, they tend to most strongly incentivize part‐time work, weakening incentives to increase hours beyond that. But if part‐time work generates relatively little in the way of human capital and career progression, then policy design should factor in the longer‐term consequences of labour supply choices along the intensive margin. To that end, we use a dynamic model of female labour supply with endogenous human capital accumulation, and study actual and hypothetical welfare reforms in the UK. We show that for a given expansion in the government budget, those reforms that incentivize full‐time work can do considerably more to increase incomes, including among poorer households, and to raise welfare. Our results suggest that in‐work transfers could be refined by paying greater attention to the intensive margin effects through the design of their phase‐outs.
Impact of nitrapyrin on urea‐based fertilizers in a Mediterranean calcareous soil: Nitrogen and microbial dynamics
Authors: Giannopoulos Georgios , Elsgaard Lars , Tzanakakis Vasileios A. , Franklin Rima B. , Brown Bonnie L. , Zanakis Georgios , Monokrousos Nikolaos , Anastopoulos Ioannis , Awad Murad , Ipsilantis Ioannis , Barbayiannis Nikolaos , Polidoros Alexios N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNitrification inhibitors, such as nitrapyrin (NI), are increasingly co‐applied with nitrogen (N) fertilizers as part of sustainable agricultural practice. Several studies in temperate regions have documented the effectiveness of NI in retaining soil ammonium (NH4+), minimizing N loss and increasing crop yields. However, less is known about the effects of NI in Mediterranean regions, where agricultural production is challenging and requires intensive irrigation and fertilization. We investigated the short‐term impact of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin (2‐chloro‐6‐(trichloromethyl)pyridine) in a two‐factor mesocosm experiment, using a typical Mediterranean soil, where NI was co‐applied with a selection of urea‐based fertilizers: urea (U), U with urease inhibitors (U + UI), methylene urea (MU) and zeolite‐coated urea (ZU). NI co‐applied with urea fertilizers resulted in higher availability of soil NH4+ and a concurrent increase in NH3 volatilization. Net cumulative soil NH4+ availability was 1.5–3.3 fold greater when NI was applied. Concurrently, net cumulative nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−) availability was reduced by 10%–60%; this was found for all the tested fertilizer types except MU fertilizer, where the net cumulative soil NO3− and NO2− doubled. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from urea fertilization were reduced by 40% with UI, 50% with NI and 66% with NI + UI. Interestingly, after 28 d, the composition of soil microbial communities was distinctly different, due to NI application. Specifically, NI application dramatically reduced the abundance of ammonia‐oxidizing and denitrifying bacterial functional groups. NI was effective in reducing N2O emissions in this calcareous soil; however, NH3 emissions were remarkably enhanced. These findings have important implications for the large‐scale adoption of inhibitor technologies in Mediterranean agroecosystems and for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Asymmetric effects of hydroclimate extremes on eastern US tree growth: Implications on current demographic shifts and climate variability
Authors: Maxwell Justin T. , Au Tsun Fung , Kannenberg Steven A. , Harley Grant L. , Dannenberg Matthew P. , Ficklin Darren L. , Robeson Scott M. , Férriz Macarena , Benson Michael C. , Lockwood Benjamin R. , Novick Kimberly A. , Phillips Richard P. , Rochner Maegen L. , Pederson Neil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractForests around the world are experiencing changes due to climate variability and human land use. How these changes interact and influence the vulnerability of forests are not well understood. In the eastern United States, well‐documented anthropogenic disturbances and land‐use decisions, such as logging and fire suppression, have influenced forest species assemblages, leading to a demographic shift from forests dominated by xeric species to those dominated by mesic species. Contemporarily, the climate has changed and is expected to continue to warm and produce higher evaporative demand, imposing stronger drought stress on forest communities. Here, we use an extensive network of tree‐ring records from common hardwood species across ~100 sites and ~1300 trees in the eastern United States to examine the magnitude of growth response to both wet and dry climate extremes. We find that growth reductions during drought exceed the positive growth response to pluvials. Mesic species such as Liriodendron tulipifera and Acer saccharum, which are becoming more dominant, are more sensitive to drought than more xeric species, such as oaks (Quercus) and hickory (Carya), especially at moderate and extreme drought intensities. Although more extreme droughts produce a larger annual growth reduction, mild droughts resulted in the largest cumulative growth decreases due to their higher frequency. When using global climate model projections, all scenarios show drought frequency increasing substantially (3–9 times more likely) by 2100. Thus, the ongoing demographic shift toward more mesic species in the eastern United States combined with drier conditions results in larger drought‐induced growth declines, suggesting that drought will have an even larger impact on aboveground carbon uptake in the future in the eastern United States.
Habitat Suitability of European Land Systems for Terrestrial Vertebrates
Authors: O'Connor Louise M. J. , Renaud Julien , Dou Yue , Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Maiorano Luigi , Verburg Peter H. , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTMotivationAccurate estimates of species distributions are crucial for biogeography, spatial conservation, and for assessing the impacts of human activities on species. However, existing approaches to estimate species distributions have typically neglected the influence of land use intensity, potentially overlooking the negative impacts of high‐intensity land uses on biodiversity. Here, we build a dataset documenting the habitat suitability of European land systems for terrestrial vertebrate species, based on a novel land system map of Europe that factors in land use intensity. Our database offers refined and up‐to‐date information on terrestrial vertebrate distributions in Europe by explicitly considering land use intensity.Main Types of Variables ContainedWe created a table defining the suitability of land use classes as habitats for each species. We then built Area of Habitat (AOH) maps for each species by filtering out unsuitable habitat from the latest available estimates of species ranges. AOH maps were then compared with occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Processed datasets and R scripts are publicly available online, facilitating the use of our approach to refine expert‐based distributions for other taxa, land system classifications and regions worldwide.Spatial Location and GrainThe AOH maps cover the spatial extent of the European Union (EU) with the United Kingdom, Norway, Switzerland, and the Western Balkans. The AOH maps are at a 1 km2 resolution.Time Period and GrainThe dataset uses information published during the last 10 years.Major Taxa and Level of MeasurementHabitat suitability was documented for 1155 terrestrial vertebrate species known to occur in Europe: 279 mammals, 520 birds, 251 reptiles and 104 amphibians.Software FormatWe provide the habitat suitability table in a comma‐separated values (csv) format. The AOH maps are available as raster files. R scripts are publicly accessible on GitHub.
Mechanisms of the structures and antioxidant activity of broad bean protein affected by AC electric field: changes in conformation and molecular interaction
Authors: Ren Yiping , Zhang Xiunan , Li Qian , Zhang Chen , Qian Jian‐Ya 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe hierarchical structure modification and antioxidant traits of broad bean protein (BBP) with low denaturation induced by alternating current electric field (ACEF) were examined. The ultraviolet, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectrometry showed that ACEF affected the tertiary and secondary structures of BBP, as evidenced by the significant increase in surface hydrophobicity, more β‐turns and random coils, fewer β‐sheets, and the variation of microenvironments of certain amino acid residues. X‐ray diffractometry revealed that ACEF reduced the relative crystallinity and granular size of BBP, increased lattice spacing, caused the weakening of intermolecular forces, and significantly decreased the compactness of spatial conformations in BBP. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of BBP increased following ACEF treatment and was influenced by voltage. This may be due to the BBP structure unfolding and the release of aromatic amino acids.
Structural evolution in desalting Merluccius hubbsi fillets: comparative analysis of varied salting techniques
Authors: Marchetti Marion Daniela , García Loredo Analía Belén 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThis study investigates the reversible and irreversible structural changes in proteins induced by different salting methods (brining, mixed salting, and dry salting) during the desalting process of Merluccius hubbsi fillets. We focused on mass changes, water content, and NaCl content, employing mathematical models for kinetic analysis and sorption isotherms. Image analysis was utilised to examine tissue microstructure and texture profile analysis assessed the mechanical properties. Our results indicate that salting methods significantly influence mass changes and yield during desalting. Specifically, brining led to the highest weight gain due to controlled salt absorption and enhanced water retention. The Peleg model accurately described NaCl and water content dynamics during desalting. Microscopic analysis revealed substantial structural alterations, while mechanical properties showed significant differences; dry and mixed salting methods caused notable tissue damage and protein denaturation. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing salting processes and improving the quality of desalted seafood products.
Spark plasma sintering of hard wear‐resistant graphene nanoplatelet–reinforced TiB2 + SiC composites from TiC–B4C–SiC
Authors: López‐Arenal Jesús , Zamora Victor , Guiberteau Fernando , Ortiz Angel L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGraphene nanoplatelet (GNP)–reinforced TiB2 + SiC composites were fabricated by reactive spark plasma sintering (SPS) from a TiC–B4C–SiC powder mixture with equal‐volume percentages, optimizing their SPS temperature and evaluating their unlubricated sliding wear against diamond. First, it is shown that during the heating ramp of the SPS cycle, TiC and B4C react according to the chemical reaction 2TiC + B4C → 2TiB2 + 3C, and that the thus‐formed C is graphenized as GNPs, leading to composites with microstructures consisting of a ceramic matrix of fine TiB2 and SiC grains with abundant randomly oriented GNPs at grain boundaries. It is also shown that this reactive SPS is optimal at 2000°C (under 75 MPa pressure and 5 min soaking), resulting in a very hard (∼28.5–29.9 GPa) and very tough (∼6.7(3) MPa m1/2) composite. And second, it is shown that these two properties and its proneness to develop an oxide tribolayer make this composite very resistant to unlubricated sliding wear against diamond (∼2.8(1)·108 (N m)/mm3), undergoing only very mild two‐body abrasion. Finally, opportunities for the fabrication of toughened and very hard ceramic composites for contact‐mechanical and tribological applications are discussed.
Heat transfer inhibition of corundum–mullite insulation tiles through composition regulation
Authors: Hao Bianlei , Sun Guangchao , Xu Fatang , Zhang Lunliang , Liu Kaiqi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe increase in size and efficiency of gas turbines leads to higher temperature in the combustion chamber, putting greater demands on the performance of the thermal insulation tiles. Corundum–mullite has been used because of its high‐temperature resistance, thermal shock resistance, and low thermal conductivity. However, how to inhibit heat transfer through composition regulation while ensuring the safe use of high‐temperature insulation tiles is the key to improving the heat conversion efficiency of gas turbines. In this study, thermal insulation tiles were prepared by casting molding. On the basis of determining the optimal corundum/mullite ratio (22:45 wt%) in the aggregate, the thermal conductivity of the sample was reduced by adding MgO (2 wt%). The results show that phonon intrinsic and defect scattering, caused by changes in phase composition, effectively reduce the thermal conductivity of the insulation tile sample to 2.05 W·m−1·K−1, which is 34.71 % lower than the maximum value before regulation. During 30 cycles of thermal shock (air‐cooling at 1000°C), the residual strength gradually decreased and tended to be stable, with a minimum of 8.6 MPa, indicating that the thermal insulation tile can provide better thermal insulation without affecting the safety of gas turbines, providing new ideas and methods for improving the thermal insulation performance of high‐temperature thermal insulation materials.
Evaluating the impact of alyssum flower strips on biological control of key pests in flue‐cured tobacco agroecosystems
Authors: Zhong Jin , Pan Wenze , Jiang Shenglan , Hu Yanxia , Yang Guangyuan , Zhang Ke , Xia Zhenyuan , Xiao Guanli , Chen Bin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFlue‐cured tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum (L.), is often attacked by various pests such as aphids, whiteflies and tobacco budworm. Insecticide application has been the primary method in managing these pests for Yunnan Province. However, it is necessary to look for more sustainable strategies that can help control pests. In this context, conservation biological control is a highly promising alternative, involving the cultivation or conservation of flowering plants within the agricultural ecosystem to attract and support natural enemies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of alyssum, Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv., in attracting natural enemies and managing pests in flue‐cured tobacco cultivation. The study conducted two field experiments over successive years, each with of two treatments and three replicates, arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments were (1) tobacco monoculture and (2) tobacco intercropped with alyssum flower strips. The population density of natural enemies and pests was monitored weekly throughout the study period. The results showed that the presence of alyssum flowers in the tobaccosalyssum treatment significantly increased the abundance of generalist predators such as syrphids, rove beetles, carabids, Orius sp. and spiders during both experiments. This increase in predator population led to a substantial reduction in tobacco pests, particularly aphids. Intercropping alyssum with tobacco can serve as an effective strategy for managing pests specific to the Nicotiana plant, as well as addressing the limited availability of approved insecticides for this crop. This approach may help to mitigate pest‐related issues and reduce the reliance on insecticides in tobacco cultivation, contributing to more sustainable pest management practices.
Thirty Years of Midwifery Education in the Rural and Diverse State of New Mexico
Authors: Kivlighan Katie T. , Ortiz Felina , Migliaccio Laura , Overman Barbara , Ruyak Sharon , Gorwoda Julie , Ostrem Kristen , Levi Amy , Albers Leah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to discuss the evolution of the University of New Mexico (UNM) Nurse‐Midwifery Education Program, its impact on New Mexico communities, and the vision moving forward for the program in a rural and culturally diverse state. New Mexico has a rich history of community‐based midwifery and the UNM Nurse‐Midwifery Education Program, founded in 1991, is rooted in this tradition. Graduates are prepared to practice in rural and underserved communities, advance birth equity, and decrease perinatal health disparities. Faculty have advanced the program mission to improve the health and well‐being of New Mexico families through diversifying the midwifery workforce, growing community collaboration, and engaging in research and scholarship activities aimed at promoting access to care. Program faculty recognize the critical need to address factors underpinning the rising maternal morbidity and mortality crisis, including rurality, poverty, and structural racism. These efforts have yielded positive results, with 60% of program graduates serving New Mexico communities and increasingly diverse midwifery student cohorts (70% of currently enrolled students). Efforts to support midwifery student success are bolstered through a recently awarded Health Resources and Services Administration Maternity Care Nursing Workforce Expansion grant. Through such endeavors, the program will continue to strive toward social justice and human dignity.
Phylogeography of horseshoe bat sarbecoviruses in Vietnam and neighbouring countries. Implications for the origins of SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Hassanin Alexandre , Tu Vuong Tan , Görföl Tamás , Ngon Lam Quang , Pham Phu Van , Hang Chu Thi , Tuan Tran Anh , Prot Mathieu , Simon‐Lorière Etienne , Kemenesi Gábor , Tóth Gábor Endre , Moulin Laurent , Wurtzer Sébastien 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrevious studies on horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp.) have described many coronaviruses related to SARS‐CoV (SARSCoVr) in China and only a few coronaviruses related to SARS‐CoV‐2 (SARSCoV2r) in Yunnan (southern China), Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. Here, we report the results of several field missions carried out in 2017, 2021 and 2022 across Vietnam during which 1218 horseshoe bats were sampled from 19 locations. Sarbecoviruses were detected in 11% of faecal RNA extracts, with much more positives among Rhinolophus thomasi (46%). We assembled 38 Sarbecovirus genomes, including 32 SARSCoVr, four SARSCoV2r, and two recombinants of SARSCoVr and SARSCoV2r (RecSar), one showing a Spike protein very similar to SARS‐CoV‐2. We detected a bat co‐infected with four coronaviruses, including two sarbecoviruses. Our analyses revealed that Sarbecovirus genomes evolve in Vietnam under strong geographical and host constraints. First, we found evidence for a deep separation between viruses from northern Vietnam and those from central and southern Vietnam. Second, we detected only SARSCoVr in Rhinolophus thomasi, both SARSCoVr and SARSCoV2r in Rhinolophus affinis, and only RecSar in Rhinolophus pusillus captured close to the border with China. Third, the bias in favour of Uracil in synonymous third codon positions of SARSCoVr extracted from R. thomasi showed a negative correlation with latitudes. Our results also provided support for an emergence of SARS‐CoV in horseshoe bats from northern Yunnan and emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in horseshoe bats from northern Indochina subtropical forests (southern Yunnan, northern Laos and north‐western Vietnam).
Ecological filtering drives rapid spatiotemporal dynamics in fish skin microbiomes
Authors: Berggren Hanna , Yıldırım Yeşerin , Nordahl Oscar , Larsson Per , Dopson Mark , Tibblin Petter , Lundin Daniel , Pinhassi Jarone , Forsman Anders 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSkin microbiomes provide vital functions, yet knowledge about the drivers and processes structuring their species assemblages is limited—especially for non‐model organisms. In this study, fish skin microbiome was assessed by high throughput sequencing of amplicon sequence variants from metabarcoding of V3–V4 regions in the 16S rRNA gene on fish hosts subjected to the following experimental manipulations: (i) translocation between fresh and brackish water habitats to investigate the role of environment; (ii) treatment with an antibacterial disinfectant to reboot the microbiome and investigate community assembly and priority effects; and (iii) maintained alone or in pairs to study the role of social environment and inter‐host dispersal of microbes. The results revealed that fish skin microbiomes harbour a highly dynamic microbial composition that was distinct from bacterioplankton communities in the ambient water. Microbiome composition first diverged as an effect of translocation to either the brackish or freshwater habitat. When the freshwater individuals were translocated back to brackish water, their microbiome composition converged towards the fish microbiomes in the brackish habitat. In summary, external environmental conditions and individual‐specific factors jointly determined the community composition dynamics, whereas inter‐host dispersal had negligible effects. The dynamics of the microbiome composition was seemingly non‐affected by reboot treatment, pointing towards high resilience to disturbance. The results emphasised the role of inter‐individual variability for the unexplained variation found in many host‐microbiome systems, although the mechanistic underpinnings remain to be identified.