bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A food desert in Detroit: associations with food shopping and eating behaviours, dietary intakes and obesity
Authors: Budzynska Katarzyna , West Patricia , Savoy-Moore Ruth T , Lindsey Darlene , Winter Michael , Newby PK 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveCurrently 67 % of the US population is overweight or obese and obesity is associated with several chronic medical conditions. Geographic areas where individuals lack access to healthy foods have been termed ‘food deserts’. The study aim was to examine if area of residence within Metro Detroit was associated with dietary intake, food and shopping behaviours, and BMI.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingsParticipants were recruited in the waiting area of four primary-care clinics.SubjectsIndividuals (n 1004) completed a questionnaire comprising four sections: demographics; personal health status including self-reported height and weight; a modified diet, transportation and shopping survey; and a subscale from the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey.ResultsSeventy-four per cent of participants were female and the mean age was 46·7 (sd 15·0) years. In univariate analyses, living in Detroit was associated with being African American, unemployment, less education, no regular exercise, worse health self-rating and obesity (P < 0·0005 for all). Participants living in Detroit had a 3·06 (95 % CI 1·91, 4·21) kg/m2 larger BMI compared with people living outside the city (P < 0·0005) in univariate analyses, but the effect was attenuated when adjusted for demographics, disease status, shopping and eating behaviours, dietary intakes and diet knowledge (β = −0·46 kg/m2, 95 % CI −2·23, 1·30 kg/m2, P = 0·60).ConclusionsOverweight and obesity are highly prevalent both inside (82·9 %) and outside (72·8 %) the city of Detroit, presenting a major public health problem. However, living in this food desert was not significantly associated with BMI after potential covariates were considered.
Production of food bodies on the reproductive organs of myrmecophytic Macaranga species (Euphorbiaceae): effects on interactions with herbivores and pollinators
Authors: Yamasaki Eri , Inui Yoko , Sakai Shoko 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn protective ant–plant mutualisms, plants offer ants food (such as extrafloral nectar and/or food bodies) and ants protect plants from herbivores. However, ants often negatively affect plant reproduction by deterring pollinators. The aggressive protection that mutualistic ants provide to some myrmecophytes may enhance this negative effect in comparison to plant species that are facultatively protected by ants. Because little is known about the processes by which myrmecophytes are pollinated in the presence of ant guards, we examined ant interactions with herbivores and pollinators on plant reproductive organs. We examined eight myrmecophytic and three nonmyrmecophytic Macaranga species in Borneo. Most of the species studied are pollinated by thrips breeding in the inflorescences. Seven of eight myrmecophytic species produced food bodies on young inflorescences and/or immature fruits. Food body production was associated with increased ant abundance on inflorescences of the three species observed. The exclusion of ants from inflorescences of one species without food rewards resulted in increased herbivory damage. In contrast, ant exclusion had no effect on the number of pollinator thrips. The absence of thrips pollinator deterrence by ants may be due to the presence of protective bracteoles that limit ants, but not pollinators, from accessing flowers. This unique mechanism may account for simultaneous thrips pollination and ant defense of inflorescences.
Speaking to the Markets or to the People? A Discursive Institutionalist Analysis of the EU's Sovereign Debt Crisis
Authors: Schmidt Vivien A. 
Published: May 2013

Research Highlights and Abstract Uses ‘discursive institutionalism’ as its analytic framework, by focusing on the wide range of EU leaders’ ideas about the crisis and how they have communicated about them. Examines the different ways in which the scholarly literature analyzes those ideas and discursive interactions, and how they lead one to consider different aspects of the crisis. Argues that there are disconnects between what EU leaders say to one another in the ‘coordinative discourse’ at the EU level and between what they say about those agreements to the markets and to the people in the ‘communicative discourse’. Suggests, with regard to the markets specifically, that EU leaders have proposed solutions that were seen as too little too late; were considered to be the wrong solutions; or raised new contingencies that the markets themselves had not anticipated. Shows, with regard to the people, that EU leaders' communication of the wrong or misleading messages meant that national publics were often not prepared for the reform initiatives taken, and that this has often left the field open to the extremes of the right and left. The EU's sovereign debt crisis is not just economic; it is also political, resulting from the failure of EU leaders to offer solutions that calm the markets and convince the people. These failures stem from problems with EU leaders' ideas about how to solve the crisis as well as their communication about them. That communication encompasses not just EU leaders talking to one another in negotiations of crisis solutions but also speaking to ‘the markets’ and to ‘the people’ about those solutions, all of which may interact in perverse ways. This article uses the analytic framework of ‘discursive institutionalism’ to consider the different forms, types, levels, rates and mechanisms of change in ideas followed by the EU leaders'discursive interactions in the ‘coordinative’ discourse and their ‘communicative discourse’ to the global markets and European publics. It uses a range of country cases, but in particular Germany and France, in illustration.
Beyond pregnancy – the neglected burden of mortality in young women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Labrique AB , Sikder SS , Wu L , Rashid M , Ali H , Ullah B , Shamim AA , Mehra S , Klemm R , Banu H , West KP , Christian P 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo describe proportionate mortality and causes of death unrelated to pregnancy.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingRural northwest Bangladesh.PopulationA cohort of 133 617 married women of reproductive age.MethodsVerbal autopsies were conducted for women who died whilst under surveillance in the cohort trial. Physician‐assigned causes of death based on verbal autopsies were used to categorise deaths.Main outcome measuresThe proportion of deaths due to non‐communicable diseases, infectious diseases, injury or pregnancy.ResultsOf the 1107 deaths occurring among women between 2001 and 2007, 48% were attributed to non‐communicable diseases, 22% to pregnancy, 17% to infections, 9% to injury and 4% to other causes.ConclusionsAlthough focus on pregnancy‐related mortality remains important, more attention is warranted on non‐communicable diseases among women of reproductive age.
PTSD risk associated with a functional DRD2 polymorphism in heroin‐dependent cases and controls is limited to amphetamine‐dependent individuals
Authors: Nelson Elliot C. , Heath Andrew C. , Lynskey Michael T. , Agrawal Arpana , Henders Anjali K. , Bowdler Lisa M. , Todorov Alexandre A. , Madden Pamela A. F. , Moore Elizabeth , Degenhardt Louisa , Martin Nicholas G. , Montgomery Grant W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a pathologic response to severe stress, is a common co‐morbid disorder in substance‐dependent individuals. Evidence from twin studies suggests that PTSD is moderately heritable. Genetic association studies to date have reported a limited number of replicated findings. We conducted a candidate gene association study in trauma‐exposed individuals within the Comorbidity and Trauma Study's sample (1343 heroin‐dependent cases and 406 controls from economically disadvantaged neighborhoods). After data cleaning, the 1430 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) retained for analyses provided coverage of 72 candidate genes and included additional SNPs for which association was previously reported as well as 30 ancestry‐informative markers. We found a functional DRD2 promoter polymorphism (rs12364283) to be most highly associated with PTSD liability [odds ratio (OR) 1.65 (1.27–2.15); P = 1.58 × 10−4]; however, this association was not significant, with a stringent Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The top hits include SNPs from other dopaminergic system genes: DRD2 DRD3, TH and DBH. Additional analyses revealed that the association involving rs12364283 is largely limited to amphetamine‐dependent individuals. Substantial risk is observed in amphetamine‐dependent individuals, with at least one copy of this SNP [OR 2.86 (1.92–4.27); P = 2.6 × 10−7]. Further analyses do not support extensive mediation of PTSD risk via self‐reported impulsivity (BIS total score). These findings suggest roles for impairment in inhibitory control in the pathophysiology of PTSD and raise questions about stimulant use in certain populations (e.g. those in combat).
Case–control study and mRNA expression analysis reveal the MyD88 gene is associated with digestive disorders in rabbit
Authors: Chen Shi‐Yi , Zhang Wen‐Xiu , Zhang Gong‐Wei , Peng Jin , Zhao Xiao‐Bing , Lai Song‐Jia 
Published: May 2013

SummaryAs in humans, significant associations between Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and digestive disorders have been identified in rabbit and dog. However, as an essential adaptor downstream of TLR4, the genetic variation of myeloid differentiating factor 88 (MyD88) and its association with digestive disorders have remained unknown. In this study, we detected 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the entire genomic region of rabbit MyD88. The genetic variation in susceptibility to digestive disorders for the only coding SNP (synonymous c.699T>C) was studied in Yaan (183 cases and 142 controls) and Chengdu populations (145 cases and 140 controls). A case–control association study revealed that individuals with the C allele had significant protection against digestive disorders in the Yaan population (OR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99; P < 0.05), the Chengdu population (OR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.39–0.78; P < 0.01) and for joint analysis (OR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49–0.79; P < 0.01). We also experimentally induced digestive disorders by feeding a fiber‐deficient diet and found that increased susceptibility was significantly associated with higher MyD88 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). The lowest MyD88 mRNA expression was observed in individuals carrying the protective CC genotype. These results suggest that MyD88 is one of the most plausible candidate genes in relation to digestive disorders in rabbit. Further studies are required to explore the biological implications of MyD88 in the pathogenesis of digestive disorders.
Feasibility of multifocal intra‐ocular lens exchange and conversion to the bag‐in‐the‐lens implantation
Authors: Tassignon Marie‐José , Bartholomeeusen Ellen , Rozema Jos J. , Jongenelen Sien , Mathysen Danny G. P. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  Our purpose was to evaluate the surgical outcome after intra‐ocular lens exchange in patients who presented impairing visual complaints after primary multifocal intra‐ocular lens (MIOL) implantation. In particular, the study was undertaken to look at the number of eyes that could be equipped with the bag‐in‐the‐lens (BIL) IOL after MIOL exchange.Methods:  This series consisted of 30 eyes of 21 consecutive patients scheduled for MIOL exchange. In 15 out of the 30 eyes, IOL misalignment was measured on slit lamp anterior segment photo’s after defining the mathematical centres of the IOL optic, pupil and limbus.Results:  Diffractive MIOL was more frequently explanted (25; 83%) when compared with refractive MIOL (4; 13%) and progressive optic IOL (1; 4%). In 21 out of the 30 eyes (70%) a bag‐in‐the‐lens could be implanted. In 7 out of the 30 eyes (23%), the capsule was not considered sufficiently stable to accommodate an IOL. An iris‐fixated IOL or a sulcus‐fixated IOL was then implanted. In 2 out of the 30 eyes (6%) the remaining capsular bag could accommodate a traditional lens‐in‐the‐bag only. Eyes that underwent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy prior to the MIOL exchange needed anterior vitrectomy peroperatively (11 eyes; 37%). Visual acuity improved postoperatively in 13 out of the 30 eyes and remained stable in 17 out of the 30 eyes.Conclusions:  Since the BIL technique requires a very well‐preserved capsular bag for the purpose of the IOL implantation, the success rate of BIL implantation after MIOL is a good indicator to evaluate the degree of difficulty to exchange MIOL.
Pseudophakic monovision: optimal distribution of refractions
Authors: Næser Kristian , Hjortdal Jesper Ø. , Harris William F. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  To determine the optimal distribution of refractions in monofocal, pseudophakic monovision.Methods:  A previously reported mathematical method for describing defocus for a single eye (Acta Ophthalmol, 89, 2011, 111) is expanded to the binocular situation. The binocular distribution of refractions yielding the least defocus over the most extended fixation intervals is identified by mathematical optimization. The results are tested in a group of 22 pseudophakic patients.Results:  For the fixation interval 0.25–6.0 m, the optimal refractions are pure spheres of −0.27 D for the distance eye and −1.15 D for near eye. The mathematically derived defocus structure is confirmed in the clinical series.Conclusions:  The reported mathematical method enables identification of the optimal distribution of refractions over any fixation interval. Monovision with refractions of approximately −0.25 and −1.25 D may lead to spectacle independence for distance and intermediate vision. Binocular problems – such as monovision suppression, reduced stereoacuity and binocular inhibition – are likely to be minimal with the suggested anisometropia of 1.0 D. This moderate monovision is fully reversible with spectacle correction, as the induced aniseikonia is minimal and it therefore represents a safe alternative to multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder increased the risk of injury: a population‐based follow‐up study
Authors: Kang Jiunn‐Horng , Lin Herng‐Ching , Chung Shiu‐Dong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo explore the frequency and risk for injury among children with Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Taiwan through a population‐based study.MethodsA total of 3616 subjects aged between four and twelve years diagnosed with ADHD were selected along with a comparison cohort comprising 18 080 subjects. Each subject was individually traced for a three‐year period from their index date to identify those subjects who subsequently received a diagnosis of injury. We used stratified Cox proportional hazards regressions to examine the three‐year injury‐free survival rates between the two cohorts.ResultsOf the subjects, the incidence rate of injury during the three‐year follow‐up period was 7.97 (95% CI = 7.45–8.51) and 5.36 (95% CI = 5.17–5.56) for the study and comparison cohort, respectively. After adjusting for geographic region, the hazard ratio (HR) of injury for subjects with ADHD was 1.64 (95% CI = 1.50–1.79) that of comparison subjects. In addition, we found children with ADHD aged between four and 6 years to demonstrate a greater HR (1.98, 95% CI = 1.72–2.28) than those aged between seven and twelve (HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.31–1.63).ConclusionsChildren with ADHD appear to be at a higher risk for injury than children that are not diagnosed with ADHD.
Treating Fragile X syndrome with the diuretic bumetanide: a case report
Authors: Lemonnier Eric , Robin Gaëlle , Degrez Céline , Tyzio Roman , Grandgeorge Marine , Ben‐Ari Yehezkel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe report that daily administration of the diuretic NKCC1 chloride co‐transporter, bumetanide, reduces the severity of autism in a 10‐year‐old Fragile X boy using CARS, ADOS, ABC, RDEG and RRB before and after treatment. In keeping with extensive clinical use of this diuretic, the only side effect was a small hypokalaemia. A double‐blind clinical trial is warranted to test the efficacy of bumetanide in FRX.Conclusion: This single case report showed an improvement of the scores of each test used after 3 months of treatment. Double‐blind clinical trials are warranted to test the efficacy of bumetanide in FRX.
Characterization of ion currents of murine CD117pos stem cells in vitro and their modulation under AT2R stimulation
Authors: Ludwig M. , Skorska A. , Tölk A. , Hopp H.‐H. , Patejdl R. , Li J. , Steinhoff G. , Noack T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimHematopoietic stem cells, especially CD117pos cells, have been found to possess a regenerative potential in various tissues, in particular cardiac muscle. However, the characterization of the relevant ion currents of stem cells prior to implantation lacks documentation. Activation of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) can lead to further cell differentiation and receptor auto‐expression and might thus influence electrophysiological properties of CD117pos stem cells. This study was designed to functionally characterize membrane currents of CD117pos cells under normal and AT2R‐stimulated conditions.MethodsCD117pos murine bone marrow stem cells were isolated with MACS technique and stimulated for the AT2R with angiotensin II and losartan for 3–5 days prior to patch‐clamp measurements. RT‐PCR was used to determine channel expression. Endothelial properties were analysed with immunocytochemistry and acLDL uptake assay.ResultsA well‐expressed inward rectifying current (IKir) was identified in cultured CD117pos cells. Furthermore, a ZD 7288 (HCN channel blocker)‐sensitive current component was isolated. Voltage‐dependent potassium currents and chloride currents were less expressed. A small fraction of cells demonstrated voltage‐ and time‐dependent inward currents. In AT2R‐stimulated cells inward rectifying the hyperpolarization‐induced inward currents were slightly attenuated on the translational level but showed increased mRNA expression. Cultured CD117pos cells express CD31 and VEGFR‐2 and significantly increased the uptake of acLDL.ConclusionsCD117pos cells do not have properties of action potential–generating cells and moderately change their excitability during AT2R stimulation. Electrophysiological and molecular properties of control and AT2R‐stimulated cells point to a differentiation to vascular endothelial cells. This could increase beneficial vascularization in injured tissues.
An Estimating Function Approach to the Analysis of Recurrent and Terminal Events
Authors: Kalbfleisch John D. , Schaubel Douglas E. , Ye Yining , Gong Qi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSummaryIn clinical and observational studies, the event of interest can often recur on the same subject. In a more complicated situation, there exists a terminal event (e.g., death) which stops the recurrent event process. In many such instances, the terminal event is strongly correlated with the recurrent event process. We consider the recurrent/terminal event setting and model the dependence through a shared gamma frailty that is included in both the recurrent event rate and terminal event hazard functions. Conditional on the frailty, a model is specified only for the marginal recurrent event process, hence avoiding the strong Poisson‐type assumptions traditionally used. Analysis is based on estimating functions that allow for estimation of covariate effects on the recurrent event rate and terminal event hazard. The method also permits estimation of the degree of association between the two processes. Closed‐form asymptotic variance estimators are proposed. The proposed method is evaluated through simulations to assess the applicability of the asymptotic results in finite samples and the sensitivity of the method to its underlying assumptions. The methods can be extended in straightforward ways to accommodate multiple types of recurrent and terminal events. Finally, the methods are illustrated in an analysis of hospitalization data for patients in an international multi‐center study of outcomes among dialysis patients.
A phase I first‐in‐human study with tefinostat – a monocyte/macrophage targeted histone deacetylase inhibitor – in patients with advanced haematological malignancies
Authors: Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Lowenberg Bob , Zachee Pierre , Vey Norbert , Breems Dimitri , Van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. , Davidson Alan H. , Wells Graham , Needham Lindsey , Bawden Lindsay , Toal Martin , Hooftman Leon , Debnam Phillip M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryTefinostat (CHR‐2845) is a monocyte/macrophage targeted histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). This first‐in‐human, standard 3 + 3 dose escalating trial of oral, once daily tefinostat was conducted to determine the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of tefinostat in relapsed/refractory haematological diseases. Eighteen patients were enrolled at doses of 20–640 mg. Plasma concentrations of tefinostat exceeded those demonstrated to give in vitro anti‐proliferative activity. Flow cytometric pharmacodynamic assays demonstrated monocyte‐targeted increases in protein acetylation, without corresponding changes in lymphocytes. Dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) were not observed and dose escalation was halted at 640 mg without identification of the maximum tolerated dose. Drug‐related toxicities were largely Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events grade 1/2 and included nausea, anorexia, fatigue, constipation, rash and increased blood creatinine. A patient with chronic monomyelocytic leukaemia achieved a bone marrow response, with no change in peripheral monocytes. An acute myeloid leukaemia type M2 patient showed a >50% decrease in bone marrow blasts and clearance of peripheral blasts. In conclusion, tefinostat produces monocyte‐targeted HDACi activity and is well tolerated, without the DLTs, e.g. fatigue, diarrhoea, thrombocytopenia, commonly seen with non‐targeted HDACi. The early signs of efficacy and absence of significant toxicity warrant further evaluation of tefinostat in larger studies. (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00820508).