bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of an Educational Intervention on Nurses’ Knowledge of Foot Care and on the Foot Health of Older Residents
Authors: Stolt Minna , Routasalo Pirkko , Suhonen Riitta , Leino-Kilpi Helena 
Published: April 2014

Background: Older people have multiple foot health problems; therefore, nursing staff need to pay attention to the foot care of older people, especially in long-term care and nursing homes. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of nursing staff (n = 16) regarding foot care, their foot-care activities, and the health of residents’ (n = 43) feet in a nursing home before and after an intervention (educational program).
Methods: Nursing staff in a nursing home received a foot-care educational program that consisted of lectures and demonstrations.
Results: After the intervention, nursing staff knowledge of foot care and foot-care activities had partially improved, which was mainly seen in residents’ skin health.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that an educational program can change nursing staff knowledge of foot care and their foot-care activities. However, the educational program tested in this study needs further development. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(2): 159–166, 2011)
Reliability and Validity of the INFOOT Three-dimensional Foot Digitizer for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: De Mits Sophie , Coorevits Pascal , De Clercq Dirk , Elewaut Dirk , Woodburn James , Roosen Philip 
Published: April 2014

Background:Abnormal foot posture and deformities are identified as important features in rheumatoid arthritis. There is still no consensus regarding the optimum technique(s) for quantifying these features; hence, a foot digitizer might be used as an objective measurement tool. We sought to assess the validity and reliability of the INFOOT digitizer.Methods:To investigate the validity of the INFOOT digitizer compared with clinical measurements, we calculated Pearson correlation coefficients. To investigate the reliability of the INFOOT digitizer, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients, SEMs, smallest detectable differences, and smallest detectable difference percentages.Results:Most of the 38 parameters showed good intraclass correlation coefficients, with values greater than 0.9 for 30 parameters and greater than 0.8 for seven parameters. The left heel bone angle expressed a moderate correlation, with a value of 0.609. The SEM values varied between 0.31 and 3.51 mm for the length and width measures, between 0.74 and 5.58 mm for the height data, between 0.75 and 5.9 mm for the circumferences, and between 0.78° and 2.98° for the angles. The smallest detectable difference values ranged from 0.86 to 16.36 mm for length, width, height, and circumference measures and from 2.17° to 8.26° for the angle measures. For the validity of the INFOOT three-dimensional foot digitizer, Pearson correlation coefficients varied between 0.750 and 0.997.Conclusions:In this rheumatoid arthritis population, good validity was demonstrated compared with clinical measurements, and most of the obtained parameters proved to be reliable. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(3): 198–207, 2011)
A Quantitative Method for Measuring Forces Applied by Nail Braces
Authors: Erdogan Fatma G. 
Published: April 2014

Background:Nail bracing is a conservative method used for ingrown nails; however, lack of objective measurements limits its use for various nails.Methods:Double-string nail braces with extra metal springs were applied to 12 patients with 21 chronic, thick, and overcurved ingrown nails. Force was measured with a force gauge meter. Treatment was stopped once patients stood on their tiptoes and walked in shoes pain free without braces. A force gauge meter was also used on a model nail to show the forces applied by various nail braces and to compare their pulling forces.Results:After 6 to 10 months of treatment, all of the patients were pain free; 600 to 1,000 centi Newtons of force were applied to the nails. As the width of the nail increased, so did the force.Conclusions:Braces exert more force on larger nails, which may shorten treatment durations. By measuring forces, it may be possible to standardize force and duration of treatment according to variables such as nail thickness, nail width, angle of ingrown nail, and duration of symptoms. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(3): 247–251, 2011)
Dynamic Splinting for Postoperative Hallux Limitus
Authors: John Mathew M. , Kalish Stanley , Perns Stephen V. , Willis F. Buck 
Published: April 2014

Background:Hallux limitus (HL) is a pathology of degenerative arthritis in the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTJ) of the great toe. Chief complaints of HL include inflammation, edema, pain, and reduced flexibility. The onset of HL commonly occurs after one of the two most common surgical procedures for foot pathologies, a bunionectomy or a cheilectomy. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of dynamic splinting in treating patients with postoperative hallux limitus, in a randomized, controlled trial.Methods:Fifty patients (ages 29 to 69) were enrolled after diagnosis of HL following surgery. The duration of this study was eight weeks, and all patients received nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, orthotics, and instructions for a home exercise program. Experimental patients were also treated with dynamic splinting for first MTJ extension (60 minutes, three times per day). The dependent variable was change in active range of motion (AROM). A repeated measures analysis of variance was used with independent variables of patient categories, surgical procedure (cheilectomy vs. bunionectomy) and duration since surgery.Results:There was a significant difference in change of AROM for experimental vs. control patients (P &lt; 0.001, T = 4.224, N = 48); there was also a significant difference for patient treated within 2 months of surgery (P = 0.0221).Conclusions:Dynamic splinting was effective in reducing contracture of postoperative hallux limitus in this study; experimental patients gained a mean 250% improvement in AROM. This modality should be considered for standard of care in treating postoperative hallux limitus. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(4): 285–288, 2011)
Dorsal Approach to Transfer of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis Tendon
Authors: de Bengoa Vallejo Ricardo Becerro , Iglesias Marta Elena Losa , Frutos Juan Carlos Prados , Rodriguez Miguel Fuentes , Jules Kevin T. 
Published: April 2014

Background:Transposition of the flexor digitorum longus tendon has been widely reported for the correction of flexible claw and hammer toe deformities. Only transposition of the flexor digitorum brevis tendon has been reported in the literature in a cadaveric study that used the dorsal and plantar approach. A search of the literature revealed no reports of transposition of the flexor digitorum brevis tendon for treatment of these conditions through a unique dorsal cutaneous incision. We performed a cadaveric study to determine whether the flexor digitorum brevis tendon is long enough to be transferred to the dorsum of the proximal phalanx of the toe from its lateral or medial aspect through a unique dorsal cutaneous incision.Methods:Transposition of the flexor digitorum brevis tendon was attempted in 156 toes of cadaveric feet (52 each second, third, and fourth toes) through a unique dorsal incision.Results:The flexor digitorum brevis tendon was long enough to be successfully transposed in 100% of the second, third, and fourth toes by the dorsal incision approach.Conclusions:Transfer of the flexor digitorum brevis tendon to the dorsum of the proximal phalanx can be performed for the correction of claw and hammer toe deformities, especially in the second, third, and fourth toes. The meticulous longitudinal incision of the flexor tendon sheath to expose the flexor digitorum brevis tendon is essential to the success of the procedure. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(4): 297–306, 2011)
Postoperative Infection After Excisional Toenail Matrixectomy
Authors: Rusmir Alen , Salerno Angelo 
Published: April 2014

Background:
Excisional toenail matrixectomies are performed on the area of the foot that has been reported to have the highest concentration of resident microorganisms. A retrospective infection audit was performed to identify whether this unique area of the foot was more susceptible to postoperative infection.

Methods:
A retrospective audit reviewing the postoperative infection rate over a 6-year period after excisional nail matrixectomy in 111 patients was undertaken.

Results:
The postoperative infection rate was found to be high (18.9%) relative to that of clean orthopedic foot and ankle surgery (0.5%–6.5%).

Conclusions:
The unique concentration of resident microbes found in the nail folds could help explain the high rate of postoperative infections identified in this study. This may provide some argument to classify excisional nail matrixectomy as clean-contaminated surgery and, thus, warrant routine antibiotic prophylaxis. Further research is recommended to confirm the results of this study and to determine whether appropriately timed oral antibiotic prophylaxis will reduce the infection rate after nail surgery. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(4): 316–322, 2011)
The acutely infected diabetic foot is not adequately evaluated in an inpatient setting
Authors: Edelson GW , Armstrong DG , Lavery LA , Caicco G 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the standard of evaluation and treatment of the infected diabetic foot ulceration at a 551-bed university teaching institution.

DESIGN
A retrospective review of a 4-year consecutive sample (1991-1994).

POPULATION
Two hundred fifty-five patients who were admitted to a hospital for care of an infected diabetic foot ulceration. Patients were subdivided into the following 4 dichotomous variables: (1) whether the patient underwent a lower-extremity amputation, (2) whether the patient was admitted once or multiple times, (3) whether the patient underwent intraoperative debridement, and (4) whether the patient was admitted to medical or surgical services.

RESULTS
All groups that were evaluated had undergone a less than adequate foot examination. Of the admitted patients, 31.4% did not have their pedal pulses documented; 59.7% of the admitted patients were not evaluated for the presence or absence of protective sensation. Nearly 90% of the wounds were not evaluated for involvement of underlying structures, and foot radiographs were not performed in 32.9% of the patients. There were more blood cultures ordered (62.0%) than wound cultures (51.4%).

CONCLUSION
The results of this study highlight the need for a systematic, detailed lower-extremity examination for every diabetic patient who is admitted to a hospital, particularly those who are admitted with a primary diagnosis that involves a foot complication.
Quantitative Protein Analysis Using Enzymatic [18O]Water Labeling
Authors: Castillo Mary Joan , Reynolds Kristy J. , Gomes Alexander , Fenselau Catherine , Yao Xudong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis unit describes the stepwise procedure for differential oxygen isotope labeling of peptides and mass spectrometric quantification of relative protein levels in comparative proteomic experiments. The [18O] labeling of peptides happens at the peptide C‐terminus and is achieved via the enzymatic oxygen exchange of tryptic peptides via catalysis of immobilized trypsin. Experimental considerations in effective incorporation and stabilization of the oxygen labels are discussed. Methods for mass spectrometric quantification of peptides with differential [16O] and [18O] isotopes are presented. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 76:23.4.1‐23.4.9. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chemical Methods for Producing Disulfide Bonds in Peptides and Proteins to Study Folding Regulation
Authors: Okumura Masaki , Shimamoto Shigeru , Hidaka Yuji 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDisulfide bonds play a critical role in the folding of secretory and membrane proteins. Oxidative folding reactions of disulfide bond–containing proteins typically require several hours or days, and numerous misbridged disulfide isomers are often observed as intermediates. The rate‐determining step in refolding is thought to be the disulfide‐exchange reaction from nonnative to native disulfide bonds in folding intermediates, which often precipitate during the refolding process because of their hydrophobic properties. To overcome this, chemical additives or a disulfide catalyst, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), are generally used in refolding experiments to regulate disulfide‐coupled peptide and protein folding. This unit describes such methods in the context of the thermodynamic and kinetic control of peptide and protein folding, including (1) regulation of disulfide‐coupled peptides and protein folding assisted by chemical additives, (2) reductive unfolding of disulfide‐containing peptides and proteins, and (3) regulation of disulfide‐coupled peptide and protein folding using PDI. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 76:28.7.1‐28.7.13. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Rapid and Sensitive Automated Image‐Based Approach for In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Cell Morphology and Quantification of Cell Number and Neurite Architecture
Authors: Tapias Victor , Greenamyre J. Timothy 
Published: April 2014

AbstractStereological methods for tissue cell counting, specifically for neuron quantification, decrease systematic error and sampling bias; however, they are tedious, labor intensive, and time consuming. Approaches for cell (neuron) quantification in vitro are not accurate, sensitive, or subsequently reproducible. Neuronal phenotype is related to alterations in cell morphology and neurite pattern. The techniques currently available for quantification of these features present several limitations. In this unit, we provide validated automated procedures for in vivo and in vitro quantification of cell number, morphological cell changes, and neurite morphometry in a fast, simple, and reliable manner. Our method counts up to 8 times as many neurons in less than 5% to 10% of the time required for stereological analysis (optical fractionator). In summary, this technology offers an unparalleled opportunity to examine features of cells at high resolution in a complex three‐dimensional environment. These techniques provide an exceptional in vivo and in vitro system for neurotoxicity studies, disease modeling, and drug discovery. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 68:12.33.1‐12.33.22. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
NOAA Budget Proposal Calls for a Small Increase, But Several Programs Would Be Sharply Cut
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: April 2014

The White House's proposed budget of $5.497 billion for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for fiscal year (FY) 2015 would be good news for the agency overall if Congress goes along with the Obama administration's funding plan. The proposal would increase NOAA's discretionary budget by $174.1 million, 3.27% above the FY 2014 enacted budget (see Table ). The White House announced the overall federal budget on 4 March, and the NOAA budget “blue book” with specific funding numbers was issued in mid‐March.
Aquarius surface salinity and the Madden‐Julian Oscillation: The role of salinity in surface layer density and potential energy
Authors: Guan Bin , Lee Tong , Halkides Daria J. , Waliser Duane E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSea surface salinity (SSS) data from the Aquarius satellite are analyzed along with auxiliary data to investigate the SSS signature of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) in the equatorial Indian and Pacific Oceans, the effect of evaporation‐minus‐precipitation (E‐P), the implication for the role of ocean dynamics, and the SSS influence on surface density and potential energy. MJO‐related SSS changes are consistent with E‐P forcing in the western Indian Ocean throughout the MJO cycle and in the central Indian Ocean during the wet phase of the MJO cycle. However, SSS changes cannot be explained by E‐P in the central Indian Ocean during the dry phase and in the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans throughout the MJO cycle, implying the importance of ocean dynamics. SSS has an overall larger contribution to MJO‐related surface density and potential energy anomalies than SST. It partially offsets the SST effect in the western‐to‐central Indian Ocean and reinforces the SST effect in the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Ocean modeling and assimilation need to properly account for salinity effects in order to correctly represent mixed layer variability associated with the MJO. Our results also clarify some discrepancy in previous studies about the E‐P effect on MJO‐related SSS variations.
Supporting Parents, Siblings, and Grandparents of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Fiske Kate E. , Pepa Lauren , Harris Sandra L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders have a profound impact not only on the development of the individual with the diagnosis, but on the functioning of the family as a whole. Parents, siblings, and grandparents of individuals with autism face a range of unique challenges and experiences that can affect their psychological adjustment. Social support, available coping strategies, and family‐focused treatment approaches will all impact the psychological functioning of family members, and should be addressed in treatment to maximize outcome for the individual with autism.
Autism in the Courtroom
Authors: Mayerson Gary S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThere has been a dramatic increase in autism‐related litigation that is largely attributable to the civil rights movement and the equally dramatic reported increase in the incidence of autism in the general population. While the bulk of autism‐related litigation will continue to arise out of situations where parents are at odds with a school district as to what constitutes an appropriate and effective educational program, the next decade is likely to be marked by an expansion into new areas such as housing, employment, and opportunities for higher education.
Alternative Treatments
Authors: Smith Tristram , Oakes Leona , Selver Katelyn 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMost individuals with ASD participate in alternative treatments, which are therapies intended to augment or supplant conventional remedies. Popular alternative treatments for ASD include biomedical interventions such as elimination diets or nutritional supplements and sensorimotor interventions such as swinging or brushing an individual's body. Although little research is available on most of these treatments, some have been found to be unsafe or ineffective. Resources are available to facilitate open communication between practitioners and families about alternative treatments and to help families make informed decisions about them. Over time, efforts to increase access to and quality of conventional care may reduce the impetus for families to seek alternative treatments.
Correlates and Responsiveness to Change of Measures of Skin and Musculoskeletal Disease in Early Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Wiese Alexandra B. , Berrocal Veronica J. , Furst Daniel E. , Seibold James R. , Merkel Peter A. , Mayes Maureen D. , Khanna Dinesh 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveSkin and musculoskeletal involvement are frequently present early in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc). The current study examined the correlates for skin and musculoskeletal measures in a 1‐year longitudinal observational study.MethodsPatients with dcSSc were recruited at 4 US centers and enrolled in a 1‐year study. Prespecified and standardized measures included physician and patient assessments of skin involvement, modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS), durometer score, Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index, serum creatine phosphokinase, tender joint counts, and presence/absence of tendon friction rubs, small joint contractures, and large joint contractures. Additionally, physician and patient global health assessments and health‐related quality of life assessments were recorded. Correlations were computed among the baseline global assessments, skin variables, and musculoskeletal variables. Using the followup physician and patient anchors, effect sizes were calculated.ResultsA total of 200 patients were studied: 75% were women, mean ± SD age was 50.0 ± 11.9 years, and mean ± SD disease duration from first non–Raynaud's phenomenon symptom was 1.6 ± 1.4 years. Physician global health assessment had large correlations with MRSS (r = 0.60) and physician‐reported skin involvement visual analog scale in the last month (r = 0.74), whereas patient global assessment had large correlations with MRSS, the Short Form 36 health survey physical component scale, skin interference, and skin involvement in the last month (r = 0.37–0.72). Four of 9 skin variables had moderate to large effect sizes (0.51–1.09).ConclusionPhysician and patient global assessments have larger correlations with skin measures compared to musculoskeletal measures. From a clinical trial perspective, skin variables were more responsive to change than musculoskeletal variables over a 1‐year period, although both provide complementary information.
Inorganic‐Base‐Catalysed Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and 3,5‐Disubstituted Cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ones
Authors: Tao Hongqi , Duan Jindian , Li Pengfei 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBoth acyclic and cyclic α, β‐unsaturated ketones are important synthetic intermediates for many functional molecules. A simple and efficient strategy for providing either α, β‐unsaturated methyl ketones or 3,5‐disubstituted cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ones as the only product under appropriate reaction conditions was developed. When barium hydroxide was used as the catalyst, the reaction between aldehydes and ketones resulted in the formation of 3,5‐disubstituted cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ones in high yield via a five‐step domino reaction. On the other hand, potassium‐carbonate‐catalysed Claisen–Schmidt reactions between aldehydes and ketones furnished α, β‐unsaturated ketone in high yields.
N1‐Selective Oxidative CN Coupling of Azoles with Pyrroles Using a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent
Authors: Morimoto Koji , Ohnishi Yusuke , Nakamura Akira , Sakamoto Kazuma , Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA method for coupling azoles with pyrroles and related compounds using a hypervalent iodine reagent has been developed. The oxidative coupling to produce the CN bond directly from CH and NH bonds is attractive in view of sustainable chemistry by avoiding prefunctionalization of the substrates. Notably, the reactions are found to be N1‐selective at the azoles and tolerant of a broad range of substrates and functional groups.
Templatgesteuerte Photoreaktion von C60 auf Calcit
Authors: Lindner Robert , Rahe Philipp , Kittelmann Markus , Gourdon André , Bechstein Ralf , Kühnle Angelika 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWir zeigen die photochemisch induzierte Reaktion von C60 auf dem Nichtleiter Calcit, die mit Nichtkontakt‐Rasterkraftmikroskopie untersucht wurde. Die Bildung kovalenter Bindungen wird durch die Verringerung intermolekularer Abstände offensichtlich. Diese Interpretation wird zusätzlich durch UV/Vis‐ und Massenspektren an dicken Filmen gestützt. Die Bestrahlung von C60 führt zu wohlgeordneten, kovalent verknüpften Domänen. Darüber hinaus wird die Orientierung der Domänen durch die Gitterdimensionen des Calcitsubstrats vorgegeben. Die Gitterfehlanpassung gezielt zu nutzen, um bewusst die Richtung der Reaktion zu beeinflussen, ist ein neuer Ansatz, um Reaktionen auf Oberflächen maßzuschneidern. Hier stellen wir eine Strategie vor, die es ermöglicht, orientierte, kovalente Netzwerke auf Nichtleitern zu generieren.