bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of grain angularity on NaCl precipitation in porous media during evaporation
Authors: Norouzi Rad Mansoureh , Shokri Nima 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThree dimensional pore‐scale analysis was carried out using X‐ray microtomography to investigate the effects of grain angularity on NaCl precipitation dynamics and patterns during evaporation from saline porous media. To do so, quartz sand and glass beads with almost similar average particle size and porosity were used enabling us to constrain the effects of grain angularity on NaCl precipitation since the glass beads were spherical and smooth whereas the sand consisted of irregularly shaped grains. Presence of angularity resulted in different pore sizes and shapes influencing the dynamics of evaporation and NaCl precipitation. Our results demonstrate that the preferential evaporation exclusively in fine pores at the surface of porous media results in discrete efflorescence. We observed a higher cumulative NaCl precipitation in the case of glass beads at the early stages of precipitation due to the presence of a fewer number of evaporation sites at the surface. This phenomenon resulted in formation of a thicker and more discrete NaCl crust at the surface of glass beads compared to sand grains. Also, computed water saturation profiles reveals formation of a wider unsaturated zone above the receding drying front in the case of sand compared to glass beads due to the presence of finer pores affecting the capillary flow though the partially wet zone. Our results provide new insights regarding the effects of grain angularity on NaCl precipitation dynamics and patterns during evaporation from saline porous media.
Asthma associated with pesticide exposure among women in rural Western Cape of South Africa
Authors: Ndlovu Vuyelwa , Dalvie Mohamed Aqiel , Jeebhay Mohamed F. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundFew studies have investigated asthma and pesticides among women farm workers in developing countries.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted to investigate the association between pesticides and asthma among rural women (n = 211). Outcome measurements included respiratory symptoms (European Community Respiratory Health Survey questionnaire), immunological status (Phadiatop, serum IgE to mite allergens) and lower airway inflammation (fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels). Exposure variables included self‐reported pesticide exposure and whole blood cholinesterase (ChE).ResultsThe prevalence of ocular‐nasal symptoms (ONS), doctor‐diagnosed asthma and current asthma was 24%, 11%, and 6% respectively. ONS was positively associated with re‐entering a sprayed field (OR = 2.97; CI: 0.93–9.50). Asthma symptom score was associated with low ChE (OR = 1.93; CI: 1.09–3.44). Participants with high FeNO (>50 ppb) also had an elevated odds of having low ChE (OR = 4.8; CI: 0.80–28.00).ConclusionPesticide exposure among women farm workers is associated with increased risk of ocular nasal symptoms and an elevated asthma symptom score. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1331–1343, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Work schedules and 11‐year progression of carotid atherosclerosis in middle‐aged Finnish men
Authors: Wang Aolin , Arah Onyebuchi A. , Kauhanen Jussi , Krause Niklas 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesThis study investigated the relationship between different work schedules and progression of carotid atherosclerosis, an early indicator of cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsWe studied 621 men, aged 42–60 years, in the prospective Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study cohort. Using multivariable regressions adjusting for 22 covariates including total time worked during follow‐up, we evaluated the associations of baseline work schedules with 11‐year progression of ultrasonographically assessed carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT), and their variation by preexisting CVD.ResultsStandard daytime work, weekend shifts, and evening/night/rotating shifts were associated with 31%, 37%, and 33% increases in IMT, respectively. Compared to daytime workers, weekend workers experienced a faster progression of carotid atherosclerosis [relative change ratio (RCR) = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00–1.09)]. This ratio was higher among men who had preexisting CVD.ConclusionsWeekend shifts, more than standard daytime work, appear to accelerate carotid atherosclerosis progression among middle‐aged Finnish men, especially those with pre‐existing CVD. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:1–13, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of pregnancy on nasal physiology
Authors: Demir Uygar Levent , Demir Bilge Cetinkaya , Oztosun Ege , Uyaniklar Ozlem Ozgun , Ocakoglu Gokhan 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundNasal congestion that is not present before pregnancy represents a distinct clinical entity called pregnancy rhinitis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of nasal physiology over the course of pregnancy.MethodsThe study was conducted with 85 pregnant women and 26 nonpregnant controls. We measured nasal airway patency objectively via acoustic rhinometry (ARM) and anterior rhinomanometry (RMM) and subjectively via the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale in each trimester and compared the results to those of the controls.ResultsThe NOSE scores of control and pregnant women showed no difference (p = 0.866). Minimal cross‐sectional area (MCA1; minimal cross sectional area at nasal valve and MCA2; minimal cross sectional area at the level where the head of inferior turbinate is placed) decreased significantly between the first and third trimesters: first trimester 0.37 cm2, third trimester 0.31 cm2. There was no difference between each trimester with regard to total nasal resistance. The correlation analysis between the NOSE score and both total volume and MCA1 in all patients showed no significance (r = −0.10, p = 0.318; r = −0.04, p = 0.654, respectively).ConclusionPregnancy affects nasal physiology adversely and impairs nasal breathing in some women. However, based on the findings of this study, we concluded that this clinical entity may not be considered as a disease without complementary symptoms despite the presence of objective changes in nasal parameters.
Hydrogen Bond Cooperativity and the Three‐Dimensional Structures of Water Nonamers and Decamers
Authors: Pérez Cristóbal , Zaleski Daniel P. , Seifert Nathan A. , Temelso Berhane , Shields George C. , Kisiel Zbigniew , Pate Brooks H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBroadband rotational spectroscopy of water clusters produced in a pulsed molecular jet expansion has been used to determine the oxygen atom geometry in three isomers of the nonamer and two isomers of the decamer. The isomers for each cluster size have the same nominal geometry but differ in the arrangement of their hydrogen bond networks. The nearest neighbor OO distances show a characteristic pattern for each hydrogen bond network isomer that is caused by three‐body effects that produce cooperative hydrogen bonding. The observed structures are the lowest energy cluster geometries identified by quantum chemistry and the experimental and theoretical OO distances are in good agreement. The cooperativity effects revealed by the hydrogen bond OO distance variations are shown to be consistent with a simple model for hydrogen bonding in water that takes into account the cooperative and anticooperative bonding effects of nearby water molecules.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed NH Insertion of Pyridyl Carbenes Derived from Pyridotriazoles: A General and Efficient Approach to 2‐Picolylamines and Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines
Authors: Shi Yi , Gulevich Anton V. , Gevorgyan Vladimir 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA general and efficient NH insertion reaction of rhodium pyridyl carbenes derived from pyridotriazoles was developed. Various NH‐containing compounds, including amides, anilines, enamines, and aliphatic amines, smoothly underwent the NH insertion reaction to afford 2‐picolylamine derivatives. The developed transformation was further utilized in a facile one‐pot synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines.
Identification and Accurate Size Characterization of Nanoparticles in Complex Media
Authors: Liu Lihong , He Bin , Liu Qian , Yun Zhaojun , Yan Xueting , Long Yanmin , Jiang Guibin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe have developed a new method for the identification and accurate size characterization of nanoparticles (NPs) in complex media based on capillary electrokinetic (CE) separation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Through mass scanning and Gaussian fitting of electropherogram peaks, we can obtain multidimensional information on chemical compositions, size distributions, and ionic species of multiple NPs in a single run. The results are more accurate than those obtained by using conventional methods. This method provides a powerful tool for investigating polydisperse NP systems and rapid screening of NP‐containing products.
Regioselective Insertion of o‐Carborynes into the α‐CH Bond of Tertiary Amines: Synthesis of α‐Carboranylated Amines
Authors: Zhao Da , Zhang Jiji , Xie Zuowei 
Published: October 2014

Abstracto‐Carboryne can undergo α‐CH bond insertion with tertiary amines, thus affording α‐carboranylated amines in very good regioselectivity and isolated yields. In this process, the nucleophilic addition of tertiary amines to the multiple bond of o‐carboryne generates a zwitterionic intermediate. An intramolecular proton transfer, followed by a nucleophilic attack leads to the formation of the final product. Thus, regioselectivity is highly dependent upon the acidity of α‐CH proton of tertiary amines. This approach serves as an efficient methodology for the preparation of a series of 1‐aminoalkyl‐o‐carboranes.
State and Fault Estimation For Infinitely Unobservable Descriptor Systems Using Sliding Mode Observers
Authors: Teong Ooi Jeremy Hor , Tan Chee Pin , Ng Kok Yew 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a novel scheme for estimating states and faults for a class of infinitely unobservable descriptor systems using sliding mode observers (SMOs). Treating certain states of the original infinitely unobservable system as unknown inputs results in a reduced‐order system that is infinitely observable. Then by designing the SMO based on the reduced‐order system, state estimation and fault reconstruction is achieved, thus relaxing the infinite observability requirement of the original system. The necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the original system matrices are also investigated. A simulation example verifies the claims made in this paper.
Nutrition effects on the biofilm immobilization and 3,5‐DNBA degradation of Comamonas testosteroni A3 during bioaugmentation treatment
Authors: Cheng Zhongqin , Meng Xiangxun , Xie Liqun , Xu Hongqing , Li Mengying 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe survival of inoculated microbes is critical for successful bioaugmentation in wastewater treatment. The influence of readily available nutrients (RANs) on the colonization of two functional bacteria, Pseudomonas putida M9, a strong biofilm‐forming strain, and Comamonas testosteroni A3, a 3,5‐dinitrobenzoic acid (3,5‐DNBA)‐degrading strain, in biofilms was studied with 3,5‐dinitrobenoic acid synthetic wastewater (DCMM) complemented with various ratios of Luria–Bertani broth (LB). With the increase in LB rate, the biofilm biomass was increased, the percentage of gfp‐labeled M9 measured in the mixed culture enhanced, and also M9 became dominant. In laboratory‐scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors, with the increase in 3,5‐DNBA concentration and extension of the running time, the 3,5‐DNBA removal in DCMM wastewater complemented with RANs tended to be more efficient and its removal rates increased gradually over the experimental period. Our study demonstrated that supplementing RANs could be a useful strategy for enhancing colonization of degrading bacteria in wastewater treatment systems.
A Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Effects of Silyl Substituents in Enantioselective Reactions Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Okamura Daichi , Yamazaki Tatsuya , Ameda Yasuto , Gotoh Hiroaki , Tsuzuki Seiji , Uchimaru Tadafumi , Seebach Dieter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe effect of silyl substituents in diphenylprolinol silyl ether catalysts was investigated. Mechanistically, reactions catalyzed by diphenylprolinol silyl ether can be categorized into three types: two that involve an iminium ion intermediate, such as for the Michael‐type reaction (type A) and the cycloaddition reaction (type B), and one that proceeds via an enamine intermediate (type C). In the Michael‐type reaction via iminium ions (type A), excellent enantioselectivity is realized when the catalyst with a bulky silyl moiety is employed, in which efficient shielding of a diastereotopic face of the iminium ion is directed by the bulky silyl moiety. In the cycloaddition reaction of iminium ions (type B) and reactions via enamines (type C), excellent enantioselectivity is obtained even when the silyl group is less bulky and, in this case, too much bulk reduces the reaction rate. In other cases, the yield increases when diphenylprolinol silyl ethers with bulky substituents are employed, presumably by suppressing side reactions between the nucleophilic catalyst and the reagent. The conformational behaviors of the iminium and enamine species have been determined by theoretical calculations. These data explain the effect of the bulkiness of the silyl substituent on the enantioselectivity and reactivity of the catalysts.
Recent Progress in Direct Introduction of Fluorinated Groups on Alkenes and Alkynes by means of CH Bond Functionalization
Authors: Besset Tatiana , Poisson Thomas , Pannecoucke Xavier 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe direct introduction of fluorine and fluorinated building blocks has recently attracted a lot of attention and particularly the direct functionalization of alkenes and alkynes. This review will highlight the major progress recently made in that field, with a focus on photocatalyzed transformations, base‐promoted processes, and transition metal‐catalyzed functionalization of alkenes and alkynes. Special attention will be paid to explanations of the reaction mechanisms.
A Convenient Fluorescent Method to Simultaneously Determine the Enantiomeric Composition and Concentration of Functional Chiral Amines
Authors: Huang Zeng , Yu Shanshan , Zhao Xue , Wen Kaili , Xu Yimang , Yu Xiaoqi , Xu Yong , Pu Lin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL)‐based chiral aldehyde in combination with ZnII shows a highly enantioselective fluorescent response toward functional chiral amines at λ>500 nm. However, the combination of salicylaldehyde and ZnII gives the same fluorescent enhancement for both enantiomers of a functional chiral amine at λ=447 nm. By using the fluorescent responses of the combination of the BINOL‐based chiral aldehyde, salicylaldehyde and ZnII at the two emission wavelengths, both the concentration and enantiomeric composition of functional chiral amines such as amino alcohols, diamines, and amino acids can be simultaneously determined by a single fluorescent measurement. This work provides a simple and convenient method for chiral assay.
Breast cancer in female survivors of Wilms tumor: A report from the National Wilms Tumor late effects study
Authors: Lange Jane M. , Takashima Janice R. , Peterson Susan M. , Kalapurakal John A. , Green Daniel M. , Breslow Norman E. 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUNDThe standard treatment of pulmonary metastases in patients with Wilms tumor (WT) includes 12‐gray radiotherapy (RT) to the entire chest. To the authors' knowledge, the risk of breast cancer (BC) in a large cohort of female survivors of WT has not previously been reported.METHODSA total of 2492 female participants in National Wilms Tumor Studies 1 through 4 (1969‐1995) were followed from age 15 years through the middle of 2013 for incident BC. The median age at the time of last contact was 27.3 years. The authors calculated cumulative risk at age 40 years (CR40), hazard ratios (HR) by Cox regression, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) relative to US population rates, and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).RESULTSThe numbers of survivors with invasive BC divided by the numbers at risk were 16 of 369 (CR40, 14.8% [95% CI, 8.7‐24.5]) for women who received chest RT for metastatic WT, 10 of 894 (CR40, 3.1% [95% CI, 1.3‐7.41]) for those who received only abdominal RT, and 2 of 1229 (CR40, 0.3% [95% CI, 0.0‐2.3]) for those who received no RT. The SIRs for these 3 groups were 27.6 (95% CI, 16.1‐44.2) based on 5010 person‐years (PY) of follow‐up, 6.0 (95% CI, 2.9‐11.0) based on 13,185 PY of follow‐up, and 2.2 (95% CI, 0.3‐7.8) based on 13,560 PY of follow‐up, respectively. The risk was high regardless of the use of chest RT among women diagnosed with WT at age ≥10 years, with 9 of 90 women developing BC (CR40, 13.5% [95% CI, 5.6‐30.6]; SIR, 23.6 [95% CI, 10.8‐44.8] [PY, 1463]).CONCLUSIONSFemale survivors of WT who were treated with chest RT had a high risk of developing early BC, with nearly 15% developing invasive disease by age 40 years. Current guidelines that recommend screening only those survivors who received ≥20 Gy of RT to the chest might be reevaluated. Cancer 2014;120:3722–3730. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Compatibility between Cellulose and Hydrophobic Polymer Provided by Microfibrillated Lignocellulose
Authors: Gindl‐Altmutter Wolfgang , Obersriebnig Michael , Veigel Stefan , Liebner Falk 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMicrofibrillated lignocellulose (MFLC) was produced from wood subjected to partial lignin extraction using an ethanol/water mixture. After homogenization, the average fibril diameter of MFLC was in the same range as conventional microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). Although MFLC exhibited higher wettability with water compared to MFC, AFM adhesion force measurements revealed high variability in surface polarity of MFLC compared to MFC. Specifically, domains of higher polarity than in MFC but also domains of lower polarity than in MFC were observed in MFLC. This tendency towards amphiphilic behavior of MFLC was used to provide enhanced compatibility with polycaprolactone and polystyrene matrices. With both polymers, a significantly more homogeneous distribution of fibrils was achieved using MFLC compared to MFC. In line with better dispersion of the fibrils, significantly more efficient mechanical reinforcement of polymers was obtained using MFLC compared to MFC.
Factor structure and construct validity of the eating disorder examination‐questionnaire in college students: Further support for a modified brief version
Authors: Grilo Carlos M. , Reas Deborah L. , Hopwood Christopher J. , Crosby Ross D. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) is widely used in research studies across clinical and nonclinical groups. Relatively little is known about psychometric properties of this measure and the available literature has not supported the proposed scale structure. This study evaluated the factor structure and construct validity of the EDE‐Q in a nonclinical study group of young adults.MethodParticipants were 801 young adults (573 females and 228 males) enrolled at a large public university in the Midwestern United States who completed the EDE‐Q and a battery of behavioral and psychological measures.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed an inadequate fit for the original EDE‐Q structure but revealed a good fit for an alternative structure suggested by recent research with predominately overweight/obese samples. CFA supported a modified seven‐item, three‐factor structure; the three factors were interpreted as dietary restraint, shape/weight overvaluation, and body dissatisfaction. Factor loadings and item intercepts were invariant across sex and overweight status. The three factors had less redundancy than the original EDE‐Q scales and demonstrated improved convergent and discriminant validity in relation to relevant other measures.DiscussionThese factor‐analytic findings, which replicate findings from studies with diverse predominately overweight/obese samples, supported a modified seven‐item, three‐factor structure for the EDE‐Q with improved psychometric characteristics. The findings provide further empirical support for the distinction between body dissatisfaction and overvaluation and have implications for assessment and research. These findings need to be replicated in samples of persons with eating‐disorder psychopathology including those with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and allied states. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:284–289)
The association between internet and television access and disordered eating in aChinese sample
Authors: Peat Christine M. , Von Holle Ann , Watson Hunna , Huang Lu , Thornton Laura M. , Zhang Bing , Du Shufa , Kleiman Susan C. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveChina has historically reported a low prevalence of eating disorders. However, the rapid social and economic development of this country as well as Western ideals widely disseminated by television and the Internet have led to distinct patterns of behavioral choices that could affect eating disorder risk. Thus, the current study explored the relation between disordered eating and media use.MethodParticipants were females from the 2009 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (N = 1,053). Descriptive statistics were obtained and logistic regression models, stratified by age (adolescents ages 12–17 years and adults ages 18–35 years), were used to evaluate the association of media use with disordered eating.ResultsIn adolescents, 46.8% had access to the Internet and those with access averaged one hour per day each of Internet and television use. In adults, 41.4% had access to the Internet, and those with access averaged 1 h per day of Internet use and 2 h per day of television use. Internet access was significantly associated with a subjective belief of fatness (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6, 4.9) and worry over losing control over eating (OR = 4.8, 95% CI: 2.3, 9.8) only in adults.DiscussionThese findings help characterize the overall pattern of media use and report of eating disorder symptoms in a large sample of female Chinese adolescents and adults. That Internet access in adults was significantly associated with disordered eating cognitions might suggest that media access negatively influences these domains; however, more granular investigations are warranted. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:663–669)
Adapting dialectical behavior therapy for outpatient adult anorexia nervosa—A pilot study
Authors: Chen Eunice Y. , Segal Kay , Weissman Jessica , Zeffiro Thomas A. , Gallop Robert , Linehan Marsha M. , Bohus Martin , Lynch Thomas R. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveAnorexia Nervosa (AN) is associated with excessive self‐control. This iterative case series describes the augmentation of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for outpatient adult AN with skills addressing emotional and behavioral overcontrol. An overly controlled style is theorized to develop from the transaction between an individual with heightened threat sensitivity and reduced reward sensitivity, interacting with an environment reinforcing overcontrol and punishing imperfection.MethodCase Series 1 utilized standard DBT, resulting in retention of 5/6 patients and a body mass index (BMI) effect size increase of d = −0.5 from pre‐ to post‐treatment. Case series 2, using standard DBT augmented with skills addressing overcontrol, resulted in retention of 8/9 patients with an effect size increase in BMI at post‐treatment that was maintained at 6‐ and 12‐months follow‐up (d = −1.12, d = −0.87, and d = −1.12).DiscussionFindings suggest that skills training targeting rigidity and increasing openness and social connectedness warrant further study of this model and treatment for AN. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:123–132)