bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do parents recall and understand children's weight status information after BMI screening? A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dawson Anna M , Taylor Rachael W , Williams Sheila M , Taylor Barry J , Brown Deirdre A 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesAs parents of young children are often unaware their child is overweight, screening provides the opportunity to inform parents and provide the impetus for behaviour change. We aimed to determine if parents could recall and understand the information they received about their overweight child after weight screening.DesignRandomised controlled trial of different methods of feedback.SettingParticipants were recruited through primary and secondary care but appointments took place at a University research clinic.Participants and intervention1093 children aged 4–8 years were screened. Only overweight children (n=271, 24.7%) are included in this study. Parents of overweight children were randomised to receive feedback regarding their child's weight using best practice care (BPC) or motivational interviewing (MI) at face-to-face interviews typically lasting 20–40 min. 244 (90%) parents participated in a follow-up interview 2 weeks later to assess recall and understanding of information from the feedback session.Primary and secondary outcome measuresInterviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim before coding for amount and accuracy of recall. Scores were calculated for total recall and sub-categories of interest.ResultsOverall, 39% of the information was recalled (mean score 6.3 from possible score of 16). Parents given feedback via BPC recalled more than those in the MI group (difference in total score 0.48; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.92). Although 94% of parents were able to correctly recall their child's weight status, fewer than 10 parents could accurately describe what the measurements meant. Maternal education (0.81; 0.25 to 1.37) and parental ratings of how useful they found the information (0.19; 0.04 to 0.35) were significant predictors of recall score in multivariate analyses.ConclusionsWhile parents remember that their child's body mass index is higher than recommended, they are unable to remember much of the information and advice provided about the result.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12609000749202.
Adenosine Inhibits Tumor Cell Invasion via Receptor-Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Virtanen Sanna S. , Kukkonen-Macchi Anu , Vainio Minna , Elima Kati , Härkönen Pirkko L. , Jalkanen Sirpa , Yegutkin Gennady G. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Extracellular adenosine mediates diverse anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and other signaling effects via binding to adenosine receptors, and it also regulates cell proliferation and death via activation of the intrinsic signaling pathways. Given the emerging role of adenosine and other purines in tumor growth and metastasis, this study evaluated the effects of adenosine on the invasion of metastatic prostate and breast cancer cells. Treatment with low micromolar concentrations of adenosine, but not other nucleosides or adenosine receptor agonists, inhibited subsequent cell invasion and migration through Matrigel- and laminin-coated inserts. These inhibitory effects occurred via intrinsic receptor-independent mechanisms, despite the abundant expression of A2B adenosine receptors (ADORA2B). Extracellular nucleotides and adenosine were shown to be rapidly metabolized on tumor cell surfaces via sequential ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73/NT5E) and adenosine deaminase reactions with subsequent cellular uptake of nucleoside metabolites and their intracellular interconversion into ADP/ATP. This was accompanied by concurrent inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase and other signaling pathways. No differences in the proliferation rates, cytoskeleton assembly, expression of major adhesion molecules [integrin-1β (ITGB1), CD44, focal adhesion kinase], and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases were detected between the control and treated cells, thus excluding the contribution of these components of invasion cascade to the inhibitory effects of adenosine. These data provide a novel insight into the ability of adenosine to dampen immune responses and prevent tumor invasion via two different, adenosine receptor–dependent and –independent mechanisms.
Implications: This study suggests that the combined targeting of adenosine receptors and modulation of intracellular purine levels can affect tumor growth and metastasis phenotypes. Mol Cancer Res; 12(12); 1863–74. ©2014 AACR.
Plant food anthocyanins inhibit platelet granule secretion in hypercholesterolaemia: Involving the signalling pathway of PI3K–Akt
Authors: Song Fenglin , Zhu Yanna , Shi Zhenyin , Tian Jinju , Deng Xiujuan , Ren Jing , Andrews Marc C. , Ni Heyu , Ling Wenhua , Yang Yan 
Published: July 2014

SummaryControlling platelet granule secretion has been considered an effective strategy to dampen thrombosis and prevent atherosclerosis. Anthocyanins are natural plant pigments and possess a wide range of biological activities, including cardiovascular protective activity. In the present study we explored the effects and the potential mechanisms of anthocyanins on platelet granule secretion in hypercholesterolemia. In a randomised, double-blind clinical trial, 150 hypercholesterolaemic individuals were treated with purified anthocyanins (320 mg/day) or placebo for 24 weeks. Anthocyanins consumption significantly reduced plasma levels of β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), soluble P-selectin, and of Regulated on Activation Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) as compared with the placebo. A minor reduction in platelet factor 4 (PF4) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels were also observed. In in vitro experiments, we observed that purified anthocyanin mixture, as well as its two main anthocyanin components, delphinidin-3-glucoside (Dp-3-g) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy-3g) directly inhibited platelet á-granule, dense granule, and lysosome secretion evaluated by P-selectin, RANTES, β-TG, PF4, TGF-β1, serotonin, ATP, and CD63 release. Further, anthocyanins inhibited platelet PI3K/Akt activation and consequently attenuated eNOS phosphorylation and cGMP production, thus interrupting MAPK activation. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, did not cause additional inhibitory efficacy, indicating that anthocyanin-induced effects may be involved in inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. These results provide evidence that by inhibiting platelet granule secretion, anthocyanins may be a potent cardioprotective agent.
TNF-induced endothelial barrier disruption: beyond actin and Rho
Authors: Marcos-Ramiro Beatriz , García-Weber Diego , Millán Jaime 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe decrease of endothelial barrier function is central to the long-term inflammatory response. A pathological alteration of the ability of endothelial cells to modulate the passage of cells and solutes across the vessel underlies the development of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis. The inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) mediates changes in the barrier properties of the endothelium. TNF activates different Rho GTPases, increases filamentous actin and remodels endothelial cell morphology. However, inhibition of actin-mediated remodelling is insufficient to prevent endothelial barrier disruption in response to TNF, suggesting that additional molecular mechanisms are involved. Here we discuss, first, the pivotal role of Rac-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to regulate the integrity of endothelial cell-cell junctions and, second, the ability of endothelial adhesion receptors such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1, involved in leukocyte transendothelial migration, to control endothelial permeability to small molecules, often through ROS generation. These adhesion receptors regulate endothelial barrier function in ways both dependent on and independent of their engagement by immune cells, and orchestrate the crosstalk between leukocyte transendothelial migration and endothelial permeability during inflammation.
Chemical Evolution of Simple Amino Acids to Asparagine under Discharge onto the Primitive Hydrosphere: Simulation Experiments Using Contact Glow Discharge
Authors: Munegumi Toratane 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Asparagine is an important amino acid for abiotic polypeptide synthesis. In simulation experiments, it was obtained in 3.0% yield (based on the amount of consumed alanine) from alanine (100 mM) and formamide (200 mM) by contact glow discharge (Harada discharge) onto aqueous solutions. The present results suggest that asparagine could be abiotically synthesized from simple amino acids under possible primitive earth conditions.
Investigation of New Cooling Systems Based on Complexes of Temperature-Responsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with Porous Materials
Authors: Suzue Atsushi , Honda Hisashi , Kadokura Meiko , Tanaka Susumu , Tukada Hideyuki 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We have developed a new cooling material that uses vaporization heat. This system consists of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [P(NIPAAm)] and C2H4-permeated mesoporous silica [MCM(C2H4)]. Although the polymer can dissolve in water below ca. 32 °C (above this temperature, it is insoluble in water), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that P(NIPAAm) adsorbed on MCM(C2H4) became water resistant below 32 °C. In addition, this system retained hydrophobic–hydrophilic switching at ca. 32 °C. When this material was used in a house model, the system absorbed water molecules from air during the night (below ca. 32 °C), and the room temperature was decreased by ca. 4 °C when the outside temperature exceeded ca. 32 °C. This system can cool rooms on hot days without using any electrical or human energy.
Thin Film WSe2 for Use as a Photovoltaic Absorber Material
Authors: Ma Qinglei , Kyureghian Hrachya , Banninga Joel D. , Ianno N. J. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAn excellent candidate for an earth abundant absorber material is WSe2 which can be directly grown as a p-type semiconductor with a band gap near 1.4 eV. In this work we present the structural, optical, and electrical properties of thin film WSe2 grown via the selenization of sputter deposited tungsten films. We will show that highly textured films with an optical band gap in range of 1.4 eV, and absorption coefficients greater than 105/cm across the visible spectrum can be easily achieved. In addition we will present Hall Effect and carrier density measurements as well, where will show densities in the 1017cm-3 range and p-type Hall mobilities greater than 10 cm2/V-s range can be obtained. We employ these results to numerically simulate solar cells based on this material, where we will show efficiencies greater than 20% are possible.
New Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL Versus Glargine 100 Units/mL in People With Type 2 Diabetes Using Basal and Mealtime Insulin: Glucose Control and Hypoglycemia in a 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial (EDITION 1)
Authors: Riddle Matthew C. , Bolli Geremia B. , Ziemen Monika , Muehlen-Bartmer Isabel , Bizet Florence , Home Philip D. 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and safety of new insulin glargine 300 units/mL (Gla-300) with glargine 100 units/mL (Gla-100) in people with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin (≥42 units/day) plus mealtime insulin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
EDITION 1 (NCT01499082) was a 6-month, multinational, open-label, parallel-group study. Adults with glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 7.0–10.0% (53–86 mmol/mol) were randomized to Gla-300 or Gla-100 once daily with dose titration seeking fasting plasma glucose 4.4–5.6 mmol/L. Primary end point was HbA1c change from baseline; main secondary end point was percentage of participants with one or more confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L) or severe nocturnal hypoglycemia from week 9 to month 6.

RESULTS
Participants (n = 807) had mean age 60 years, diabetes duration 16 years, BMI 36.6 kg/m2, and HbA1c 8.15% (65.6 mmol/mol). HbA1c reduction was equivalent between regimens; least squares mean difference –0.00% (95% CI –0.11 to 0.11) (–0.00 mmol/mol [–1.2 to 1.2]). Fewer participants reported one or more confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L) or severe nocturnal hypoglycemic events between week 9 and month 6 with Gla-300 (36 vs. 46% with Gla-100; relative risk 0.79 [95% CI 0.67–0.93]; P &lt; 0.005); nocturnal hypoglycemia incidence and event rates were also lower with Gla-300 in the first 8 weeks of treatment. No between-treatment differences in tolerability or safety were identified.

CONCLUSIONS
Gla-300 controls HbA1c as well as Gla-100 for people with type 2 diabetes treated with basal and mealtime insulin but with consistently less risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia.
Surgical management and follow-up of triceps tendon avulsion after repeated local infiltration of steroids: two cases
Authors: Quero Martín P. , Mayenco A. , Gardoqui M. , Calvo I. , García-Fernández P. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryDisruption of the triceps tendon insertion is an uncommon injury, with only a few reports of traumatic triceps tendon avulsion in dogs or cats present in the veterinary literature. Although this injury has been previously described in two dogs that had received a local injection of corticosteroids for the treatment of soft tissue injuries, reports with long term clinical follow-up and outcome in working dogs are lacking.This report describes two surgically treated cases of complete triceps tendon avulsion rupture in Malinois police dogs. These two dogs had a history of repeated local infiltration of a corticosteroid preparation used to treat adventitial bursitis. The clinical features, surgical treatment, long-term management and outcome are reported. A modified triple locking loop pattern was used to suture the tendons. The long-term outcome was considered excellent with both dogs resuming work. Although it is an uncommon condition in small animals, avulsion of the triceps tendon should remain on the differential diagnosis list for acute onset forelimb lameness, particularly if there is a history of local infiltration with corticosteroids. The diagnosis should be based on clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic examination.
Aggregation of Naphthobisthiadiazole‐Based Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Dyes That Restrict Quenching in Solution and Emit Red Light in Polar Aqueous Media
Authors: Ishi‐i Tsutomu , Hashimoto Ryuichiro , Ogawa Michiaki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTriphenylamine‐naphthobisthiadiazole‐based donor‐acceptor‐donor dyes were prepared and their aggregation and light‐emitting behaviors were investigated. Deep‐red light was emitted between 650–680 nm in a solution of tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane with moderate fluorescent quantum yield of 0.36–0.48. However, when the solvent system was changed to THF/water, emission behavior became dependent on the solvent ratio. For lower water concentrations, emission intensity decreased significantly when the ratio of water to THF was increased. The donor‐acceptor‐donor molecules exist as monomers, and an increase in solvent polarity favors the fluorescence quenching that results from solvation. However, emission intensity recovered and intensified progressively at higher water concentrations. The molecules form aggregates, which provide a less polar hydrophobic space within to restrict solvation and quenching, ultimately allowing emission.
Enantioselective and Regioselective Pyrone Diels–Alder Reactions of Vinyl Sulfones: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Cavicularin
Authors: Zhao Peng , Beaudry Christopher M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe total synthesis of (+)‐cavicularin is described. The synthesis features an enantio‐ and regioselective pyrone Diels–Alder reaction of a vinyl sulfone to construct the cyclophane architecture of the natural product. The Diels–Alder substrate was prepared by a regioselective one‐pot three‐component Suzuki reaction of a non‐symmetric dibromoarene.
In vitro differentiation of human tooth germ stem cells into endothelial‐ and epithelial‐like cells
Authors: Doğan Ayşegül , Demirci Selami , Şahin Fikrettin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCurrent clinical techniques in dental practice include stem cell and tissue engineering applications. Dental stem cells are promising primary cell source for mainly tooth tissue engineering. Interaction of mesenchymal stem cell with epithelial and endothelial cells is strictly required for an intact tooth morphogenesis. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether human tooth germ stem cells (hTGSCs) derived from wisdom tooth are suitable for endothelial and epithelial cell transformation in dental tissue regeneration approaches. Differentiation into endothelial and epithelial cell lineages were mimicked under defined conditions, confirmed by real time PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemical analysis by qualitative and quantitative methods. HUVECs and HaCaT cells were used as positive controls for the endothelial and epithelial differentiation assays, respectively. Immunocytochemical and western blotting analysis revealed that terminally differentiated cells expressed cell‐lineage markers including CD31, VEGFR2, VE‐Cadherin, vWF (endothelial cell markers), and cytokeratin (CK)‐17, CK‐19, EpCaM, vimentin (epithelial cell markers) in significant levels with respect to undifferentiated control cells. Moreover, high expression levels of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGF, CK‐18, and CK‐19 genes were detected in differentiated endothelial and epithelial‐like cells. Endothelial‐like cells derived from hTGSCs were cultured on Matrigel, tube‐like structure formations were followed as an indication for functional endothelial differentiation. hTGSCs successfully differentiate into various cell types with a broad range of functional abilities using an in vitro approach. These findings suggest that hTGSCs may serve a potential stem cell source for tissue engineering and cell therapy of epithelial and endothelial tissue.
Ecosystem fragmentation drives increased diet variation in an endemic livebearing fish of the Bahamas
Authors: Araújo Márcio S. , Langerhans R. Brian , Giery Sean T. , Layman Craig A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOne consequence of human‐driven habitat degradation in general, and habitat fragmentation in particular, is loss of biodiversity. An often‐underappreciated aspect of habitat fragmentation relates to changes in the ecology of species that persist in altered habitats. In Bahamian wetlands, ecosystem fragmentation causes disruption of hydrological connectivity between inland fragmented wetlands and adjacent marine areas, with the consequent loss of marine piscivores from fragmented sections. We took advantage of this environmental gradient to investigate effects of ecosystem fragmentation on patterns of resource use in the livebearing fish Gambusia hubbsi (Family Poeciliidae), using both population‐ and individual‐level perspectives. We show that fragmentation‐induced release from predation led to increased G. hubbsi population densities, which consequently led to lower mean growth rates, likely as a result of higher intraspecific competition for food. This was accompanied by a broadening of dietary niches via increased interindividual diet variation, suggesting a negative effect of predation and a positive effect of intraspecific competition on the degree of diet variation in natural populations. Our results therefore indicate that habitat fragmentation can greatly impact the ecology of resilient populations, with potentially important ecological and evolutionary implications.
Efficient sample clean‐up and online preconcentration for sensitive determination of melamine in milk samples by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Ji Yan‐ling , Chen Xiao‐wei , Zhang Zhu‐bao , Li Jing , Xie Tian‐yao 
Published: July 2014

Based on an efficient sample clean‐up and field‐amplified sample injection online preconcentration technique in capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection, a new analytical method for the sensitive determination of melamine in milk samples was established. In order to remove the complex matrix interference, which resulted in a serious problem during field‐amplified sample injection, liquid–liquid extraction was utilized. As a result, liquid–liquid extraction provides excellent sample clean‐up efficiency when ethyl acetate was used as organic extraction by adjusting the pH of the sample solution to 9.5. Both inorganic salts and biological macromolecules are effectively removed by liquid–liquid extraction. The sample clean‐up procedure, capillary electrophoresis separation parameters and field‐amplified sample injection conditions are discussed in detail. The capillary electrophoresis separation was achieved within 5 min under the following conditions: an uncoated fused‐silica capillary, 12 mM HAc + 10 mM NaAc (pH = 4.6) as running buffer, separation voltage of +13 kV, electrokinetic injection of +12 kV × 10 s. Preliminary validation of the method performance with spiked melamine provided recoveries >90%, with limits of detection and quantification of 0.015 and 0.050 mg/kg, respectively. The relative standard deviations of intra‐ and inter‐day were below 6%. This newly developed method is sensitive and cost effective, therefore, suitable for screening of melamine contamination in milk products.
Integrin β‐8, But Not β‐5 or ‐6, Protein Expression Is Increased in Livers of Children With Biliary Atresia
Authors: Iordanskaia Tatiana , Koeck Emily , Rossi Christopher , Mohan Parvathi , Schwarz Kathleen , Anders Robert , Nadler Evan P. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Our previous work demonstrated altered messenger RNA expression of integrin β‐5 and ‐8, using an in silico analysis of publically available data from patients with biliary atresia (BA); however, we were unable to demonstrate statistically significant differences in protein expression because of sample size. In the present study, we repeated the analysis of liver fibrosis and protein expression of the integrins in a larger cohort of patients with BA and compared them with patients undergoing liver biopsy for other diagnoses, with the hypothesis that ≥1 of the integrins would be differentially expressed.Methods:Liver specimens were obtained at 2 collaborating institutions. Samples from infants with BA (n = 23) were compared with samples from those who underwent liver biopsy for neonatal hepatitis (n = 9). All of the specimens were analyzed by 2 pathologists (C.R. and R.A.), who were blinded to the diagnoses. Standard Ishak scoring was performed to evaluate fibrosis and inflammation, and immunohistochemical (IHC) positivity was graded from 0 to 4. Comparisons between the IHC positivity and Ishak scoring for the BA and control groups were performed using the Student t test with P < 0.01 considered significant because of the multiple comparisons. Interobserver variability was assessed by intraclass correlation (ICC).Results:Pooled analysis from specimens from patients with BA showed significantly more fibrosis than controls based on Ishak scores (3.21 ± 1.82 vs 1.17 ± 1.00, P < 0.005). IHC evaluation showed increased integrin ανβ8 protein expression when compared with controls (2.67 ± 0.81 vs 1.72 ± 0.62, P < 0.005); however, there were no significant differences in integrin ανβ5 (1.93 ± 0.84 vs 1.50 ± 0.90, P = 0.23) or integrin ανβ6 (0.85 ± 1.20 vs 0.94 ± 0.85, P = 0.82) expression. These data were confirmed on individual analysis. Interobserver agreement was fair for integrin ανβ5 (ICC 0.52), good for integrin ανβ6 (ICC 0.72), and excellent for integrin ανβ8 (ICC 0.79) and fibrosis (ICC 0.89).Conclusions:Our data show that integrin ανβ8, but not integrin ανβ5 or integrin ανβ6, protein expression is increased in liver specimens of patients with BA. These data support the mounting evidence that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) activation is responsible for the fibrosis found in BA. Anti‐integrin ανβ8 or more global integrin blocking strategies may be therapeutic options in BA, but further work is clearly needed.