bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep body composition phenotyping during weight cycling: relevance to metabolic efficiency and metabolic risk
Authors: Bosy‐Westphal A. , Kahlhöfer J. , Lagerpusch M. , Skurk T. , Müller M. J. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryWeight cycling may lead to adverse effects on metabolic efficiency (i.e. adaptive thermogenesis or ‘metabolic slowing’) and metabolic risks (e.g. increased risk for insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome). In order to investigate these topics, the partitioning of fat and lean mass (i.e. the change in the proportion of both compartments) needs to be extended to the organ and tissue level because metabolic risk differs between adipose tissue depots and lean mass is metabolically heterogeneous being composed of organs and tissues differing in metabolic rate. Contrary to data obtained with severe weight loss and regain in lean people, weight cycling most likely has no adverse effects on fat distribution and metabolic risk in obese patients. There is even evidence for an increased ability of fat storage in subcutaneous fat depots (at the trunk in men and at the limbs in women) with weight cycling that may provide a certain protection from ectopic lipid deposition and thus explain the preservation of a favourable metabolic profile despite weight regain. On the other hand, the mass‐specific metabolic rate of lean mass may increase with weight gain and decrease with weight loss mainly because of an increase and respective decrease in the proportion (and/or activity) of metabolically active organ mass. Obese people could therefore have a higher slope of the regression line between resting energy expenditure (REE) and fat‐free mass that leads to an overestimation of metabolic efficiency when applied to normalize REE data after weight loss. Furthermore, in addressing the impact of macronutrient composition of the diet on partitioning of lean and fat mass, and the old controversy about whether a calorie is a calorie, we discuss recent evidence in support of a low glycaemic weight maintenance diet in countering weight regain and challenge this concept for weight loss by proposing the opposite.
Pneumococcal vaccination reduced the risk of acute otitis media: Cohort study
Authors: Hasegawa Junko , Mori Mitsuru , Showa Satoko , Matsushima Aiko , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Tsugawa Takeshi , Yoto Yuko , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundSeven‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2009, and after that invasive pneumococcal disease has gradually decreased. There are few data, however, on the effectiveness of PCV7 against acute otitis media (AOM) in Japan.MethodsFrom 10 daycare centers in Sapporo, Japan, 614 parents participated in the survey. Each parent reported whether their child subject had received one or more doses of PCV7, and, if so, the exact dates of receiving PCV7 were verified by reviewing their maternal and child health handbooks marked by a pediatrician. AOM was diagnosed by otorhinolaryngologist or pediatrician. Cox's proportional hazard model was used for calculating the hazard ratio (HR) of AOM incidence reduced by PCV7 inoculation.ResultsInoculation of PCV7 significantly reduced the risk of AOM (crude HR, 0.63; 95%CI: 0.50–0.79). Adjusting for potentially confounding variables reduced the risk further (adjusted HR, 0.32; 95%CI: 0.23–0.44). On stratification by subject age on 30 April 2012, PCV7 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of AOM in both infants <3 years old, and in children ≥3 years.ConclusionPCV7 is effectiveness in reducing the risk of AOM both in infants <3 years old, and in young children ≥3 years in Japan.
Incidence and prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus in a 35 year period in Fukushima, Japan
Authors: Kawasaki Yukihiko , Ohara Shinichiro , Miyazaki Kyohei , Kanno Shuto , Ono Atsushi , Suyama Kazuhide , Sato Masatoki , Suzuki Shigeo , Maeda Ryo , Nagasawa Katsutoshi , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and prognosis of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan over a 35 year period.MethodsWe collected the medical records of 37 patients diagnosed with SLE between 1977 and 2013. These children were divided into two groups. group 1 consisted of 19 patients who were diagnosed between 1977 and 1995, and group 2 consisted of 18 patients diagnosed between 1996 and 2013. The epidemiology, clinical features, and prognosis were retrospectively compared between the two groups.ResultsThe mean number of patients per 100 000 children per year for group 1 and group 2 was 0.33 ± 0.25 and 0.35 ± 0.30, respectively. The duration from onset of symptoms to treatment in group 2 was shorter than that in group 1, but the clinical and laboratory findings at onset did not differ between the two groups. All patients were treated with prednisolone, and 17 patients in group 1 and 18 in group 2 were treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy. The frequency of cyclophosphamide treatment decreased whereas the frequency of cyclosporine, tacrolimus and mizoribine pulse therapy increased in group 2. SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) score at the latest follow up in group 2 was lower in group 1. The survival rate was 84% in group 1 and 100% in group 2.ConclusionThe frequency and severity of SLE in group 1 were similar to those in group 2, and the prognosis of SLE in group 2 was better than that in group 1.
Incrementalism: Dead yet Flourishing
Authors: Bendor Jonathan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCharles Lindblom's 1959 essay “The Science of ‘Muddling Through’” is best known for the strategy of decision making—disjointed incrementalism—that it recommended. That famous paper and Lindblom's related work also provided two theories: a critique of the conventional method (the synoptic approach) and an argument for using incrementalism instead. Both are applied theories: they are designed to help solve complex policy problems. Lindblom's negative applied theory has stood the test of time well: the empirical foundations of its main micro‐component (cognitive constraints of individuals) and its central macro‐component (the impact of preference conflict on policy making) have grown stronger since 1959. The picture regarding the positive applied theory is more mixed. As a coherent decision‐making strategy, disjointed incrementalism has almost disappeared. Yet its key elements, the major heuristics identified in “Muddling Through,” are thriving in many applied fields. Intriguingly, they are often accompanied by subroutines—especially optimization as a choice rule—typically associated with the synoptic approach.
Participation in research as a means of improving quality of care: the role of a principal investigator in multicentre clinical trials
Authors: Thangaratinam Shakila , Khan Khalid S 
Published: January 2015

Key content

A doctor’s duty to reduce uncertainty in the provision of care requires their participation in well‐developed and ethically approved clinical trials.

Compared to non‐participation, collaboration in a clinical trial improves the quality of care of women.

Successful recruitment into multicentre trials is achieved through enthusiastic involvement of several principal investigators (PIs).

Allocation of NHS patient care costs for clinical research supports those engaged in recruiting women into studies.

Consultants need to acquire basic mandatory research training for the role as a PI leading research. An awareness of support mechanisms locally, regionally and nationally, such as NIHR Clinical Research Network, aids in the execution of PI duties.

PI contribution to research is a recognised professional and personal development activity and forms an integral part of appraisal, revalidation and clinical excellence award scheme.

Learning objectives

To recognise the added benefits to care of women through participation in research.

To ascertain the roles and responsibilities of a PI engaged in a multicentre clinical trial.

To identify ways to overcome barriers and avail support mechanisms offered to consultants in their role as PI.

To increase awareness of the various means by which consultants can attain recognition and rewards for their responsibility as PI.

Ethical issues

It is the responsibility of the principal investigator to ensure that all eligible women are offered the opportunity to participate in clinical studies.
Thyroid dysfunction and reproductive health
Authors: Jefferys Amanda , Vanderpump Mark , Yasmin Ephia 
Published: January 2015

Key content

Thyroid disease is a common condition in the reproductive medicine setting due to the complex interplay between the hypothalamo‐pituitary axis and the thyoid gland.

Abnormalities in thyroid function, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, can have an adverse effect on reproductive health and result in reduced rates of conception, increased early pregnancy loss, and adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

There is increasing evidence for the role of autoantibodies in subfertility and early pregnancy loss, even in euthyroid women.

Evidence suggests that treating thyroid disorders and keeping thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels at the lower end of normal in euthyroid women may improve conception rates in subfertile women and reduce early pregnancy loss.

Learning objectives

To gain an overview of the effect of thyroid disorders on reproductive health.

To review the evidence on how to optimise thyroid function to improve reproductive outcomes.

Ethical issues

Screening for thyroid disease should be considered in women presenting with subfertility and recurrent early pregnancy loss.
Hepatitis E Virus Enters Liver Cells Through a Dynamin‐2, Clathrin and Membrane Cholesterol‐Dependent Pathway
Authors: Holla Prasida , Ahmad Imran , Ahmed Zulfazal , Jameel Shahid 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes large outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries. In the developed world,HEVoccurrence has increased as a result of zoonotic transmission from swine. The cellular aspects ofHEVinfection, especially the determinants of entry, are poorly understood. In the absence of a robustin vitroculture system forHEV, it is not possible to produce high titre infectious virus that can be labeled for tracking its internalization. We have therefore used anEscherichia coliexpressedHEV‐like particle (HEV‐LP) to studyHEVentry. Following internalization, theHEV‐LPinitially trafficks to Rab5‐positive compartmentsen routeto acidic lysosomal compartments where it is degraded. Using pharmacological inhibitors, dominant negative and constitutively active mutants, andsiRNA‐mediated perturbations, we show thatHEVentry requires dynamin‐2, clathrin, membrane cholesterol and actin, but is independent of factors associated with macropinocytosis. TheHEV‐LPresults were further validated through infection of liver cells with virus from the stool of an infected patient. The comparative analysis also showed involvement of the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/Akt pathway in an early post‐entry step of viral replication. This report provides a detailed description of endocytic processes associated withHEVinfection.
Plant Location, Wind Direction and Pollution Policy Under Offshoring
Authors: Zhao Laixun , Haruyama Tetsugen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe examine pollution policy in a unified three‐country framework, with the country in the middle playing double roles as both a polluter and a victim. We find that government preference over profits and consumer surplus to be important and so is environmentalism. In particular, the most downwind country has the least incentives to control pollution. Under oligopoly, several additional undesirable scenarios may arise, due to the interaction between wind direction and the incentive trade‐offs in rent‐shifting and pollution control. We analyse the mechanisms behind and provide policy guidance.
Sprint interval and moderate‐intensity continuous training have equal benefits on aerobic capacity, insulin sensitivity, muscle capillarisation and endothelial eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase protein ratio in obese men
Authors: Cocks Matthew , Shaw Christopher S. , Shepherd Sam O. , Fisher James P. , Ranasinghe Aaron , Barker Thomas A. , Wagenmakers Anton J. M. 
Published: January 2015

Key points
Skeletal muscle capillary density and vasoreactivity are reduced in obesity, due to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability.
Sprint interval training (SIT) has been proposed as a time efficient alternative to moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT), but its effect on the skeletal muscle microvasculature has not been studied in obese individuals.
We observed that SIT and MICT led to equal increases in capillarisation and endothelial eNOS content, while reducing endothelial NOX2 content in microvessels of young obese men.
We conclude that SIT is equally effective at improving skeletal muscle capillarisation and endothelial enzyme balance, while being a time efficient alternative to traditional MICT.
AbstractSprint interval training (SIT) has been proposed as a time efficient alternative to moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT), leading to similar improvements in skeletal muscle capillary density and microvascular function in young healthy humans. In this study we made the first comparisons of the muscle microvascular response to SIT and MICT in an obese population. Sixteen young obese men (age 25 ± 1 years, BMI 34.8 ± 0.9 kg m−2) were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of MICT (40–60 min cycling at ∼65% 5 times per week) or constant load SIT (4–7 constant workload intervals of 200% Wmax 3 times per week). Muscle biopsies were taken before and after training from the m. vastus lateralis to measure muscle microvascular endothelial eNOS content, eNOS serine1177 phosphorylation, NOX2 content and capillarisation using quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy. Maximal aerobic capacity (), whole body insulin sensitivity and arterial stiffness were also assessed. SIT and MICT increased skeletal muscle microvascular eNOS content and eNOS ser1177 phosphorylation in terminal arterioles and capillaries (P < 0.05), but the latter effect was eliminated when normalised to eNOS content (P = 0.217). SIT and MICT also reduced microvascular endothelial NOX2 content (P < 0.05) and both increased capillary density and capillary–fibre perimeter exchange index (P < 0.05). In parallel, SIT and MICT increased (P < 0.05) and whole body insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05), and reduced central artery stiffness (P < 0.05). As no significant differences were observed between SIT and MICT it is concluded that SIT is a time efficient alternative to MICT to improve aerobic capacity, insulin sensitivity and muscle capillarisation and endothelial eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase protein ratio in young obese men.
Potential of a Sports Club–Based Exercise Program for Improving Physical Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lackinger Christian , Haider Sandra , Kosi Lana , Harreiter Juergen , Winhofer Yvonne , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra 
Published: January 2015

Background:Although the infrastructure of Austrians’ sports clubs is well developed, exercise classes for people suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) do not exist. This feasibility study evaluates factors for participating in target group specific exercise courses (TGSEC) and changes in physical activity.Methods:This intervention study was performed in 22 communities of Austria. Initial TGSEC were offered to T2DM patients over 2 months. Participants were surveyed at 4 time points with a questionnaire: before the program, 2, 6 and 12 months after the initial questionnaire.Results:881 patients aged 59.0 (SD: 9.6) years took part in TGSEC. At baseline a lack of suitable exercise groups prevented 51% from being active. 58% were encouraged by the medical sector. After 12 months the weekly time spent on exercise training was increased from 1.40 (SD: 2.55) hours to 2.15 (SD: 3.00) hours (P < .001). The dropout rate during the first 2 months was 12.9%. The rate of return for the 12 months questionnaire was 42%.Conclusion:TGSEC provided by sports clubs attract people suffering from T2DM and effectively enhance physical activity.
Sitting Time and Quality of Life in Older Adults: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Meneguci Joilson , Sasaki Jeffer Eidi , Santos Alvaro , Scatena Lucia Marina , Damião Renata 
Published: January 2015

Background:Quality of life is influenced by several factors and one aspect that has been negatively associated with health is sedentary behavior. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sitting time and quality of life in older adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted with individuals ≥60 years old residing in 24 Brazilian municipalities. Total sitting time was evaluated according to self-report of sitting time on a regular weekday and usual weekend day. The quality of life was evaluated by the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD instruments.Results:3206 older adults were analyzed. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, all domain and facets of quality of life were associated to the longest sitting time; however, in the multivariate analysis, only the physical domain and the social participation facet remained significant in the model. After adjustment for sex, age group, education and regular practice of physical activity, longest sitting time remained associated with the lowest score for the physical domain (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.39–2.34) and social participation facet (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.10–1.84).Conclusions:In this study, older adults who sat the most presented the worst scores in the physical domain and social participation facet of quality of life.
Draft Genome Sequences of Symbiotic and Nonsymbiotic Rhizopus microsporus Strains CBS 344.29 and ATCC 62417
Authors: Horn Fabian , Üzüm Zerrin , Möbius Nadine , Guthke Reinhard , Linde Jörg , Hertweck Christian 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Specific
Rhizopus
microsporus pathovars harbor bacterial endosymbionts (
Burkholderia rhizoxinica
) for the production of a phytotoxin. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of two
R. microsporus
strains, one symbiotic (ATCC 62417), and one endosymbiont-free (CBS 344.29). The gene predictions were supported by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. The functional annotation sets the basis for comparative analyses.
Genome Sequences of the Listeria ivanovii subsp. ivanovii Type Strain and Two Listeria ivanovii subsp. londoniensis Strains
Authors: Hupfeld Mario , Fouts Derrick E. , Loessner Martin J. , Klumpp Jochen 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

We present the complete genomes of
Listeria ivanovii
subsp. ivanovii WSLC 3010 (ATCC 19119
T
),
Listeria ivanovii
subsp. londoniensis WSLC 30151 (SLCC 8854), and
Listeria ivanovii
subsp. londoniensis WSLC 30167 (SLCC 6032), representing the type strain of the species and two strains of the same serovar but different properties, respectively.
Complete Genome Sequence of Anaeromyxobacter sp. Fw109-5, an Anaerobic, Metal-Reducing Bacterium Isolated from a Contaminated Subsurface Environment
Authors: Hwang C. , Copeland A. , Lucas S. , Lapidus A. , Barry K. , Glavina del Rio T. , Dalin E. , Tice H. , Pitluck S. , Sims D. , Brettin T. , Bruce D. C. , Detter J. C. , Han C. S. , Schmutz J. , Larimer F. W. , Land M. L. , Hauser L. J. , Kyrpides N. , Lykidis A. , Richardson P. , Belieav A. , Sanford R. A. , Löeffler F. E. , Fields M. W. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the genome sequence of Anaeromyxobacter sp. Fw109-5, isolated from nitrate- and uranium-contaminated subsurface sediment of the Oak Ridge Integrated Field-Scale Subsurface Research Challenge (IFC) site, Oak Ridge Reservation, TN. The bacterium's genome sequence will elucidate its physiological potential in subsurface sediments undergoing
in situ
uranium bioremediation and natural attenuation.
Complete Genome Sequence of Ehrlichia mineirensis, a Novel Organism Closely Related to Ehrlichia canis with a New Host Association
Authors: Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro , Zweygarth Erich , Broniszweska Marzena , Passos Lygia M. F. , Ribeiro Múcio Flávio Barbosa , Manrique Marina , Tobes Raquel , de la Fuente José 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequencing of Ehrlichia mineirensis, an Ehrlichia organism that was isolated from the hemolymph of
Rhipicephalus microplus
–engorged females. E. mineirensis is the best characterized Ehrlichia isolate from a novel cattle-related clade closely related to the monocytotropic pathogen E. canis.
Draft Genome Sequence of Alkaliphilic Exiguobacterium sp. Strain HUD, Isolated from a Polymicrobial Consortia
Authors: Rout Simon P. , Rai Anup , Humphreys Paul N. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
An alkaliphilic microorganism from the genus Exiguobacterium, Exiguobacterium sp. strain HUD was isolated from a fermentative, methanogenic polymicrobial microcosm operating at pH 10. The draft genome shows the presence of genes encoding for the metabolism of a range of carbohydrates under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus selenatarsenatis SF-1
T
, a Promising Agent for Bioremediation of Environments Contaminated with Selenium and Arsenic
Authors: Kuroda Masashi , Ayano Hiroyuki , Sei Kazunari , Yamashita Mitsuo , Ike Michihiko 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Bacillus selenatarsenatis
sp. nov. strain SF-1
T
is a promising agent for bioremediation of environments contaminated with selenium and arsenic. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain.
Complete and Assembled Genome Sequence of Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense PV20-2, Isolated from the Feces of an Anemic Kenyan Infant
Authors: Vazquez-Gutierrez Pamela , Lacroix Christophe , Chassard Christophe , Klumpp Jochen , Jans Christoph , Stevens Marc J. A. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of
Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense
strain PV20-2, an infant feces isolate, was determined using single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT). Hierarchical genome assembly resulted in a completely assembled genome of 2,370,978 bp. The B. kashiwanohense PV20-2 genome is the first completely sequenced and assembled genome of the species.
Draft Genome Sequence of Calothrix Strain 336/3, a Novel H
2
-Producing Cyanobacterium Isolated from a Finnish Lake
Authors: Isojärvi Janne , Shunmugam Sumathy , Sivonen Kaarina , Allahverdiyeva Yagut , Aro Eva-Mari , Battchikova Natalia 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

We announce the draft genome sequence of Calothrix strain 336/3, an N
2
-fixing heterocystous filamentous cyanobacterium isolated from a natural habitat. Calothrix 336/3 produces higher levels of hydrogen than
Nostoc punctiforme
PCC 73102 and Anabaena strain PCC 7120 and, therefore, is of interest for potential technological applications.