bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The power of preferences: productivity and stress in new teleworkers during COVID-19
Authors: Blind Georg D , Lottanti von Mandach Stefania , Kotosaka Masahiro , Chiavacci David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study of teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic avoids a common self-selection bias by controlling for preferences and whether the introduction of teleworking was voluntary or mandatory. In a survey (n = 1,500) conducted in December 2020, we inquired about working arrangements and agent preferences in January, April, and December 2020. Productivity levels initially did not significantly differ for newly teleworking individuals after correcting for age, gender, marital status, breadwinner and management roles, childcare gap, area, job type, and general awareness, but were negatively affected by a preference mismatch (PM; around −3pp) and cognitive dissonance (not going with one’s preference in spite of having a chance to do so, adding another −5pp). By December 2020, individuals with a PM lost as much as 9pp of their productivity levels, but the net effect for those in partially remote work was only about −2pp. Similarly, stress levels initially did not differ for newly teleworking individuals using largely the same controls as before. By December 2020, stress levels for individuals newly undertaking fully remote telework were significantly lower than for the control group of individuals with unchanged working arrangements, but the PM contributed significantly to higher stress levels.
Evaluation of formaldehyde when complete feed and soybean meal were inoculated with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and Seneca Valley virus 1
Authors: Harrison Olivia L , Bai Jianfa , Larson Martee , Pograninchniy Roman M , Domingues Francisco , Holcombe Nicole , Lopez Othmar , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Formaldehyde has been found to decrease virus concentrations in feed and ingredient matrices. Continued research is needed to identify the appropriate inclusion levels and application time for different viruses in these matrices. The objective was to evaluate different inclusion levels of formaldehyde when applied either pre- or postinoculation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Seneca Valley virus 1 (SVV1) to complete feed or soybean meal. The experiment was designed in a 2 × 2 factorial with a formaldehyde-based product (Termin-8, Anitox Corporation, Lawrenceville, GA) applied either before virus inoculation (preinoculation) or after inoculation (postinoculation) at either a 2 or 3 kg/MT. On day 0, samples of the respective matrices were weighed in 50 g aliquots and added to 500 mL bottles. Formaldehyde was applied to the preinoculation samples at the respective inclusion levels and 50 µL of each virus were added to the postinoculation samples. All bottles were shaken and allowed to sit at room temperature for 24 h. On day 1, virus was added to the preinoculation samples and formaldehyde was added to the postinoculation bottles. Half of the samples were immediately processed (0 h) and the other half were incubated at room temperature for an additional 24 h. Samples were processed and aliquots were analyzed via triplex PCR. An application time × inclusion level interaction was observed for PEDV at 0 h and SVV1 and PEDV at 24 h in complete feed, where less viral RNA (P &lt; 0.05) was detected in the postinoculation samples at either inclusion level as compared to the positive controls. In soybean meal, the same interaction was observed in PEDV and PRRSV at 0 h and SVV1 and PEDV at 24 h with less detectable RNA observed (P &lt; 0.05) in the postinoculation samples regardless of inclusion level than the preinoculation counterparts and the controls. Overall, an application time effect was noticed in each matrix where less RNA was detected in the postinoculation samples at 0 h (P &lt; 0.05) compared to the preinoculation samples and the control, and at 24 h, both the pre- and postinoculation samples had less detectable RNA (P &lt; 0.05) than the control. Overall, formaldehyde can reduce detectable RNA immediately in contaminated complete feed and soybean meal, with greater decreases observed as mitigant contact time increases.
Anesthesiology Resident Knowledge of Transfusion Medicine: Results From the Anesthesiology Transfusion Education Study
Authors: Connelly NR , Adler AC , Vanderberg LE , Conlin F , Mitchell JD , Goldstein S , Haspel RL ,   ATEST Collaborators
Published: August 2024

(Anesth Analg. 2024;138(3):655–663. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006327)
Significant knowledge gaps exist in transfusion medicine across medical specialties, especially among trainees, potentially leading to unnecessary transfusion practices. Anesthesiology providers commonly administer blood products in the perioperative period, highlighting the need for resident anesthesiologists to acquire adequate transfusion knowledge, although there are limited published assessments. The Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative developed a transfusion medicine knowledge assessment tool validated through Rasch analysis. This tool has been used internationally to assess transfusion knowledge among medical trainees, revealing deficiencies and guiding educational improvements. A modified version of this assessment was administered to anesthesiology residents, with ethical approval and participant consent.
Methemoglobinemia Outbreak in a Neonatal ICU and Maternity Ward
Authors: Takahashi S , Ishige T , Takizawa T 
Published: August 2024

(N Engl J Med. 2023;389(25):2395–2397. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2308125)
Contact with specific chemicals or drugs can cause an exceptionally rare disorder called acquired methemoglobinemia, which affects the oxygen-carrying function of hemoglobin. Most instances take place in less economically developed nations where individuals consume water from wells.
The Relationship Between Maternal Anemia and Electronic Fetal Monitoring Patterns
Authors: Beermann SE , Watkins VY , Frolova AI , Raghuraman N , Cahill AG 
Published: August 2024

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;229(4):449.e1–449.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.04.018)
Anemia is a common co-occurring diagnosis in pregnancy that is associated with an increased risk of several adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, and perinatal death. Prior studies demonstrated that maternal and fetal physiology may be protective against maternal anemia and decreased oxygen delivery to the fetus. In a 2021 study, it was observed that anemic pregnant patients had increased levels of partial pressure of oxygen in both the umbilical artery and vein at delivery compared with patients without anemia. Following these results, the present study sought to investigate how maternal anemia may be connected with electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) patterns associated with fetal hypoxia.
The Analgesic Effect of Transversalis Fascia Plane Block After Caesarean Section Under Spinal Anaesthesia With Intrathecal Morphine: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Baghirzada L , Walker A , Yu HC , Endersby R 
Published: August 2024

(Anaesthesia. 2024;79(1):63–70. doi: 10.1111/anae.16173)
The necessary use of anesthesia during a cesarean delivery (CD) carries side effects including nausea, sedation, itchiness, and respiratory depression. An intrathecal administration of morphine before the CD can be paired with an ultrasound-guided interfacial truncal plane block to hypothetically reduce the risk of symptoms, especially postoperative pain. During the use of a transversalis fascia block, the T12 and L1 spinal nerves are anesthetized. Researchers within this study specifically sought to understand the reducing effects on opioid dose when injections of either bupivacaine 0.25% or saline 0.9% were given in the transversalis fascia plane during the postoperative period after a CD where morphine was administered intrathecally. Inclusion characteristics for the study were as follows: singleton pregnancy, a woman aged 18 to 45 years, body mass index <40, with a CD using spinal anesthesia scheduled; exclusion characteristics included: history of substance abuse or opioid use, chronic pain, body mass index over 40, a known allergy to a drug in the designed trial, those undergoing CD without spinal anesthesia, as well as non-native English speakers.
Current approach to muscle imaging in myositis
Authors: Saygin Didem , Albayda Jemima 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Muscle imaging is commonly utilized in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) for diagnostic evaluation, selection of muscle biopsy site, and differentiating between disease activity versus damage. In this review, we discuss the current state and recent developments in the use of muscle imaging modalities including muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), and positron emission tomography (PET) scan.

Recent findings
Muscle MRI is a clinically useful tool in evaluation of IIM with studies showing good correlations between pattern of morphological changes on MRI and histopathological findings on muscle biopsy. The use of computer aided diagnostics to enable quantification of muscle pathology will be a welcome development for future studies and trials. New studies highlight that muscle US could be a particularly useful point of care tool in longitudinal monitoring of patients with active myositis. Muscle FDG-PET scan shows inflammatory activity in IIM muscle and can also provide additional information on extra-muscular manifestations and cancer screening. Utilization of novel tracers is an exciting development for IIM evaluation.

Summary
Muscle MRI remains the gold standard for muscle imaging in IIM. Growing literature on muscle US and PET scan highlight their promising applications in IIM.
Parent-Derived Health State Utilities for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Bram Joshua T. , Ellsworth Bridget K. , Cirrincione Peter M. , Nichols Erikson T. , Levine Keza , Adhiyaman Akshitha , Scher David M. , Doyle Shevaun M. , Sink Ernest L. , Dodwell Emily R. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) is a common condition associated with pain, disability and early hip osteoarthritis when untreated. Health utility scores have not previously been defined for a comprehensive set of DDH health states. The purpose of this study was to establish utility scores associated with DDH health states.

Methods:
Patients treated for DDH using either Pavlik harness or abduction bracing and closed/open hip reduction between February 2016 and March 2023 were identified. Thirteen vignettes describing health states in the DDH life cycle were developed. Parents of patients were asked to score each state from 0 to 100 using the feeling thermometer. A score of “0” represents the worst state imaginable/death and a score of “100” represents perfect health. Utility scores were calculated and compared between parents of patients treated operatively and nonoperatively.

Results:
Ninety parents of children with DDH (45 operative, 45 nonoperative) were enrolled. There were 82 (91.1%) female children (median age of 4.9 years at enrollment). Median utility scores ranged from 77.5 [interquartile range (IQR): 70.0 to 90.0] for Pavlik harness and 80.0 (IQR: 60.0 to 86.3) for abduction bracing to 40.0 (IQR: 20.0 to 60.0) for reduction/spica cast and 40.0 (IQR: 20.0 to 50.0) for end-stage hip arthritis. Utility scores were lower in the operative group for Pavlik harness (median 70.0 vs. 80.0, P<0.01), end-stage arthritis (30.0 vs. 40.0, P=0.04), and 1 year after total hip arthroplasty (85.0 vs. 90.0, P=0.03) health states compared with the nonoperative group. There were no differences in other scores.

Conclusions:
Thirteen health states related to the life cycle of DDH were collected. Nonoperative interventions for DDH were viewed by parents slightly more favorably than operative treatments or long-term sequelae of untreated DDH. Future studies can assess other potential treatment experiences for patients with DDH or use these scores to perform cost-effectiveness analysis of different screening techniques for DDH.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Impact of Hemoglobin Levels on Composite Cardiac Arrest or Stroke Outcome in Patients With Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19
Authors: Feng Shi Nan , Kelly Thu-Lan , Fraser John F. , Li Bassi Gianluigi , Suen Jacky , Zaaqoq Akram , Griffee Matthew J. , Arora Rakesh C. , White Nicole , Whitman Glenn , Robba Chiara , Battaglini Denise , Cho Sung-Min ,   on behalf of COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium (CCCC)
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Anemia has been associated with an increased risk of both cardiac arrest and stroke, frequent complications of COVID-19. The effect of hemoglobin level at ICU admission on a composite outcome of cardiac arrest or stroke in an international cohort of COVID-19 patients was investigated.

DESIGN:
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database.

SETTING:
A registry of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs at over 370 international sites was reviewed for patients diagnosed with cardiac arrest or stroke up to 30 days after ICU admission. Anemia was defined as: normal (hemoglobin ≥ 12.0 g/dL for women, ≥ 13.5 g/dL for men), mild (hemoglobin 10.0–11.9 g/dL for women, 10.0–13.4 g/dL for men), moderate (hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 and < 10.0 g/dL for women and men), and severe (hemoglobin < 8.0 g/dL for women and men).

PATIENTS:
Patients older than 18 years with acute COVID-19 infection in the ICU.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of 6926 patients (median age = 59 yr, male = 65%), 760 patients (11.0%) experienced stroke (2.0%) and/or cardiac arrest (9.4%). Cardiac arrest or stroke was more common in patients with low hemoglobin, occurring in 12.8% of patients with normal hemoglobin, 13.3% of patients with mild anemia, and 16.7% of patients with moderate/severe anemia. Time to stroke or cardiac arrest by anemia status was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression with death as a competing risk. Covariates selected through clinical knowledge were age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiac or neurologic conditions), pandemic era, country income, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Moderate/severe anemia was associated with a higher risk of cardiac arrest or stroke (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05–1.67).

CONCLUSIONS:
In an international registry of ICU patients with COVID-19, moderate/severe anemia was associated with increased hazard of cardiac arrest or stroke.
Malignant Hyperthermia
Authors: Pinyavat Teeda , Riazi Sheila , Deng Jiawen , Slessarev Marat , Cuthbertson Brian H. , Ibarra Moreno Carlos A. , Jerath Angela 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES:
A narrative expert review aiming to summarize the clinical epidemiology and management of critically ill patients with malignant hyperthermia (MH).

DATA SOURCES:
Medline searches were conducted to identify relevant articles describing the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of MH. Guidelines from key MH organizations were also incorporated into this review.

STUDY SELECTION:
Relevant studies regarding MH in both ICU and perioperative settings were reviewed.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Data from relevant studies were summarized and qualitatively assessed.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
MH is a severe reaction triggered by inhalational volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine in genetically susceptible patients. The condition is characterized by an early onset (min to hr) rise in temperature, hypercarbia, and muscular rigidity following exposure to triggering medications with potential complications of coagulopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and acute kidney injury. Acute management necessitates a coordinated multidisciplinary team approach with specific management using dantrolene, active cooling, and hyperventilation. A suspected MH reaction has important implications for future anesthetic exposure for both the patient and their family. All suspected reactions should be followed up at a specialized MH testing center using muscle contracture and genetic testing.

CONCLUSIONS:
Increasing use of inhalational anesthetics in the ICU underscores the need for enhanced education on the diagnosis and management of MH to ensure optimal patient sedation care and safety.
Topical Tranexamic Acid on Donor Wounds in Burn Patients: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Colclough Robert N. , Almeland Stian K. , Brekke Ragnvald L. , Spigset Olav , Nordgaard Håvard , Pleym Hilde , Ausen Kjersti 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Patients with major burn injuries are prone to massive blood loss owing to tangential excision of burn wounds and donor skin harvesting. In general, topical application of the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid (TXA) to surgical wounds reduces bleeding; however, its effect on bleeding and re-epithelialization in superficial wounds of burns has not been explored.

Methods:
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of topical TXA in reducing blood loss and its effect on wound re-epithelialization in burn surgery. Split-thickness skin graft donor wounds in burn patients were paired and randomized to topical application of either TXA (25 mg/mL) or placebo. Endpoints were postoperative bleeding as measured by dressing weight gain per cm2 wound area, blood stain area per wound area, and visual evaluation of bleeding in the dressings. Healing time was recorded to analyze the effect on wound re-epithelialization.

Results:
There was no significant difference in bleeding or time to re-epithelialization between the TXA and placebo wounds. A post hoc subanalysis of wounds with dressing weight gain above the median, showed a significant difference in favor of TXA. However, use of tumescence may have influenced end points. No significant adverse events related to the study drugs were observed.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that topical application of TXA (25 mg/mL) to split-thickness skin graft donor wounds does not delay re-epithelialization. Although a reduction in bleeding is suggested, further studies are needed to determine the role of topical TXA in reducing bleeding in burn surgery.
Machine Learning–Based Identification of Risk Factors of Keratoconus Progression Using Raw Corneal Tomography Data
Authors: Cohen-Tayar Yamit , Cohen Hadar , Key Dor , Tiosano Alon , Rozanes Eliane , Livny Eitan , Bahar Irit , Nahum Yoav 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to identify early indicators of keratoconus progression in Pentacam data using machine learning (ML) techniques.

Methods:
A retrospective Pentacam tabular data set was created by retrieving 11,760 tomography tests performed in patients with keratoconus. Data for eyes labeled unstable based on their referral for cross-linking were differentiated from data for eyes labeled stable and not referred for follow-up procedures. A boosted decision tree was trained on the final data set using a cross-validation method.

Results:
The final labeled data set included 1218 tomography tests. Training a ML model on a single test for each eye did not accurately predict disease progression, as indicated by the mean receiver-operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.59 ± 0.1, with precision of 0.27, recall of 0.3, and F1 score of 0.28. Training on serial tests for each eye included 819 tomography scans and yielded good prognostic abilities: a receiver-operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.75 ± 0.07, precision of 0.32, recall of 0.67, and F1 score of 0.43. In addition, 4 of the 55 Pentacam raw data parameters predominantly used the algorithm decision: age, central keratoconus index, Rs B, and D10 mm pachy.

Conclusions:
This study revealed specific dominant parameters attributing to the classification of stability, which are not routinely assessed in determining progression in common practice. Using ML techniques, keratoconus deterioration was evaluated algorithmically with training on multiple tests, yet was not predicted by a single tomography test. Hence, our study highlights novel factors to the current consideration of cross-linking referral and may serve as a supportive tool for clinicians.
A Tuberculous Case of Pseudo-Meigs Syndrome
Authors: Aradhya Abhay , Bedi Angad , Cox Andrew , Khattak Ridda , Al Hennawi Hussam , Pirolli Gregory , Fallis Rebecca 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Peritoneal tuberculosis is a rare infection that can often mimic other pathologies. A lack of shared symptoms with pulmonary tuberculosis and its mimicry of other pathologies make it a tough disease to accurately diagnose. In young women, peritoneal tuberculosis can present with signs and symptoms suggestive of ovarian cancer-associated Meigs syndrome. A broad differential is required for accurate diagnosis when a patient seems to have peritoneal carcinomatosis with serum CA-125 elevations.
What has brain diffusion magnetic resonance imaging taught us about chronic primary pain: a narrative review
Authors: Bautin Paul , Fortier Marc-Antoine , Sean Monica , Little Graham , Martel Marylie , Descoteaux Maxime , Léonard Guillaume , Tétreault Pascal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chronic pain is a pervasive and debilitating condition with increasing implications for public health, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, the underlying neural mechanisms and pathophysiology remain only partly understood. Since its introduction 35 years ago, brain diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a powerful tool to investigate changes in white matter microstructure and connectivity associated with chronic pain. This review synthesizes findings from 58 articles that constitute the current research landscape, covering methods and key discoveries. We discuss the evidence supporting the role of altered white matter microstructure and connectivity in chronic primary pain conditions, highlighting the importance of studying multiple chronic pain syndromes to identify common neurobiological pathways. We also explore the prospective clinical utility of diffusion MRI, such as its role in identifying diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. Furthermore, we address shortcomings and challenges associated with brain diffusion MRI in chronic primary pain studies, emphasizing the need for the harmonization of data acquisition and analysis methods. We conclude by highlighting emerging approaches and prospective avenues in the field that may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of chronic pain and potential new therapeutic targets. Because of the limited current body of research and unidentified targeted therapeutic strategies, we are forced to conclude that further research is required. However, we believe that brain diffusion MRI presents a promising opportunity for enhancing our understanding of chronic pain and improving clinical outcomes.