bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data clustering algorithm for channel segmentation in a radio monitoring system
Authors: Weber Christian , Peter Martin , Felhauer Tobias , Christ Andreas , Schuessele Lothar 
Published: October 2014

The detection of signals and the estimation of signal bandwidth is a perpetual topic in radio communication systems. Both issues are extremely challenging, since the wireless channel is unreliable in nature. A radio monitoring system faces the most difficult conditions in this task; it normally scans a wide frequency range of several hundred MHz and has to detect a multitude of different signals. Owing to the computational costs, the radio monitoring systems use nowadays mainly energy detectors based on fast Fourier transform spectrum analysers and a static threshold, defined by a previous noise estimation. A refined algorithm based on the self‐splitting competitive learning (SSCL) clustering is presented that quantises the power spectral density (PSD) according to the present signal power levels. The quantisation of the PSD results in a promising channel segmentation. In contrast to the traditional threshold evaluation, this approach is independent of a previously assumed noise estimation and therefore more robust against noise level and noise distribution changes. The presented definition of the essential cluster validity criterion is key for a successful channel segmentation. Furthermore, the novel postprocessing of the clustering result introduced in this study evaluates the progression of the PSD data and significantly improves the channel segmentation.
LIMP-2 expression is critical for β-glucocerebrosidase activity and α-synuclein clearance
Authors: Rothaug Michelle , Zunke Friederike , Mazzulli Joseph R. , Schweizer Michaela , Altmeppen Hermann , Lüllmann-Rauch Renate , Kallemeijn Wouter W. , Gaspar Paulo , Aerts Johannes M. , Glatzel Markus , Saftig Paul , Krainc Dimitri , Schwake Michael , Blanz Judith 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Our report highlights, for the first time to our knowledge, a distinct relationship between lysosomal integral membrane protein type-2 (LIMP-2) expression, β-glucocerebrosidase (GC) activity, and clearance of α-synuclein. In LIMP-2–deficient mice, increased levels of endogenous α-synuclein led to severe neurological deficits and premature death. We found that loss of LIMP-2 reduced lysosomal GC activity, resulting in lipid storage, disturbed autophagic/lysosomal function, and α-synuclein accumulation leading to neurotoxicity of dopaminergic neurons as well as apoptotic cell death and inflammation. Furthermore, heterologous overexpression of functional LIMP-2 enhanced α-synuclein clearance and improved lysosomal activity of GC. Our results suggest that lysosomal GC activity can be influenced via its interaction with LIMP-2, which could be a promising strategy for the treatment of synucleinopathies.
The C iv forest as a probe of baryon acoustic oscillations
Authors: Pieri Matthew M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In light of recent successes in measuring baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in quasar absorption using the Lyman α (Lyα) transition, I explore the possibility of using the 1548 Å transition of triply ionized carbon (C iv) as a tracer. While the Lyα forest is a more sensitive tracer of intergalactic gas, it is limited by the fact that it can only be measured in the optical window at redshifts z &gt; 2. Quasars are challenging to identify and observe at these high redshifts, but the C iv forest can be probed down to redshifts z ≈ 1.3, taking full advantage of the peak in the redshift distribution of quasars that can be targeted with high efficiency. I explore the strength of the C iv absorption signal and show that the absorbing population on the red side of the Lyα emission line is dominated by C iv (and so will dominate over the potential BAO signal of other metals). As a consequence, I argue that forthcoming surveys may have a sufficient increase in quasar number density to offset the lower sensitivity of the C iv forest and provide competitive precision using both the C iv autocorrelation and the C iv-quasar cross-correlation at 〈z〉 ≈ 1.6.
Early-time polarized optical light curve of GRB 131030A
Authors: King O. G. , Blinov D. , Giannios D. , Papadakis I. , Angelakis E. , Baloković M. , Fuhrmann L. , Hovatta T. , Khodade P. , Kiehlmann S. , Kylafis N. , Kus A. , Myserlis I. , Modi D. , Panopoulou G. , Papamastorakis I. , Pavlidou V. , Pazderska B. , Pazderski E. , Pearson T. J. , Rajarshi C. , Ramaprakash A. N. , Readhead A. C. S. , Reig P. , Tassis K. , Zensus J. A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We report the polarized optical light curve of a gamma-ray burst afterglow obtained using the RoboPol instrument. Observations began 655 s after the initial burst of gamma-rays from GRB 131030A, and continued uninterrupted for 2 h. The afterglow displayed a low, constant fractional linear polarization of p = (2.1 ± 1.6) per cent throughout, which is similar to the interstellar polarization measured on nearby stars. The optical brightness decay is consistent with a forward-shock propagating in a medium of constant density, and the low polarization fraction indicates a disordered magnetic field in the shock front. This supports the idea that the magnetic field is amplified by plasma instabilities on the shock front. These plasma instabilities produce strong magnetic fields with random directions on scales much smaller than the total observable region of the shock, and the resulting randomly-oriented polarization vectors sum to produce a low net polarization over the total observable region of the shock.
How predator hunting-modes affect prey behaviour: Capture deterrence inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Parigi Abhijna , Porter Cody , Cermak Megan , Pitchers William R. , Dworkin Ian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHunting mode, the distinct set of behavioural strategies that a predator employs while hunting, can be an important determinant of the prey organism’s behavioural response. However, few studies have considered how a predator’s hunting mode influences anti-predatory behaviours of a prey species. Here we document the influence of active hunters (zebra jumping spiders,Salticus scenicus) and ambush predators (Chinese praying mantids,Tenodera aridifolia sinensis) on the capture deterrence anti-predatory behavioural repertoire of the model organism,Drosophila melanogaster. We hypothesized thatD. melanogasterwould reduce overall locomotory activity in the presence of ambush predators, and increase activity with active hunters. First we observed and described the behavioural repertoire ofD. melanogasterin the presence of the predators. We documented three previously undescribed behaviours-abdominal lifting, stopping and retreat-which were performed at higher frequency byD. melanogasterin the presence of predators, and may aid in capture deterrence. Consistent with our predictions, we observed an increase in the overall activity ofD. melanogasterin the presence of jumping spiders (active hunter). However, counter to our prediction, mantids (ambush hunter) had only a modest influence on activity. We also observed considerable intra and inter-individual variation in response to both predator types. Given these new insights intoDrosophilabehaviour, and with the genetic tools available, dissecting the molecular mechanisms of anti-predator behaviours may now be feasible in this system.
Effects of employees’ career competencies development on their organizations
Authors: Fleisher Chen , N. Khapova Svetlana , G.W. Jansen Paul 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This paper examines the effects of the development of employees’ career competencies (knowing-why, knowing-how, and knowing-whom) on the employing organization and assesses the role of career satisfaction in this relationship. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to research on the consequences of employees’ boundaryless careers.Design/methodology/approach– The study involves a two-wave quantitative investigation of alumni of a large public university in the Netherlands.Findings– The results suggest that by investing in the development of their career competencies, employees contribute to organizational culture, capabilities, and connections. However, these contributions depend on employees’ level of perceived career satisfaction. If employees are satisfied with their careers, they contribute more to their organizations.Research limitations/implications– Further longitudinal research, strengthened by an additional, third wave of data collection, is needed to replicate the present findings.Practical implications– The study highlights the importance of employees’ career development for organizations.Originality/value– This study is the first empirical investigation of the link between the development of employees’ career competencies and employees’ contributions to their employers and one of a few studies that examines career satisfaction as a moderating variable.
A review of AWOL policy in use across London; a case for greater standardisation
Authors: Patel Sachin 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to appraise local absent without leave/missing persons policy in use across the nine NHS mental health trusts providing services across the Greater London region.

Design/methodology/approach
– A review of the literature on best practice management was conducted, evidence collated and an appraisal tool produced. This tool was used to systematically appraise individual policies.

Findings
– Despite some core consistency in policy, there was some notable variability in guidance. Novel and unique approaches to management were also identified.

Research limitations/implications
– It is recognised that policies often arise from pragmatic approaches using local multi-agency agreements and therefore some variability across London was expected. It is also recognised that the audit tool produced is unvalidated but does reflect the best available evidence.

Practical implications
– The authors have shown policy variability in the management of what is a common psychiatric problem across a relatively homogenous population. Standardisation of policy is likely to improve the efficiency in managing these incidents as well as encourage sharing of innovative practice. The authors also illustrate practical implications for local policy benchmarking in the absence of clearly defined national standards.

Originality/value
– This study has shown the variability of policy in managing a common problem faced on psychiatric wards. It also highlights issues related to policy development on a local and regional level.
Systematic characterization of the bZIP transcription factor gene family in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Kong Sunghyung , Park Sook‐Young , Lee Yong‐Hwan 
Published: October 2014

SummaryRegulatory roles of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) in fungi have been identified in diverse cellular processes such as development, nutrient utilization and various stress responses. In this study, the 22 Magnaporthe oryzae genes encoding bZIP TFs were systematically characterized. Phylogenetic analysis of fungal bZIP TFs revealed that seven MobZIPs are Magnaporthe‐specific, while others belongs to 15 clades of orthologous Ascomycota genes. Expression patterns of MobZIPs under various conditions showed that they are highly stress responsive. We generated deletion mutants for 13 MobZIPs: nine with orthologues in other fungal species and four Magnaporthe‐specific ones. Seven of them exhibited defects in mycelial growth, development and/or pathogenicity. Consistent with the conserved functions of the orthologues, MobZIP22 and MobZIP13 played a role in sulfur metabolism and iron homeostasis respectively. Along with MobZIP22 and MobZIP13, one Magnaporthe‐specific gene, MobZIP11 is essential for pathogenicity in a reactive oxygen species‐dependent manner. Taken together, our results will contribute to understanding the regulatory mechanisms of the bZIP TF gene family in fungal development, adaptation to environmental stresses and pathogenicity in the rice blast fungus.
Evidence of an immunosuppressive effect of progesterone upon in vitro secretion of proinflammatory and prodegradative factors in a model of choriodecidual infection
Authors: Pineda‐Torres M , Flores‐Espinosa P , Espejel‐Nunez A , Estrada‐Gutierrez G , Flores‐Pliego A , Maida‐Claros R , Zaga‐Clavellina V 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether progesterone (P4) is able to modulate the secretion of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) after choriodecidual stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).DesignChorioamnionitis‐elicited preterm delivery is associated with an uncontrolled secretion of proinflammatory cytokines that may induce MMPs, which modify the fine immunological and structural equilibrium at the fetal–maternal interface.SettingInstituto Nacional de Perinatología ‘Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes’, Mexico City.SampleTwelve human fetal membranes at term from healthy patients were placed in a two‐chamber culture system.MethodsChoriodecidual and amniotic regions were preincubated with 1.0, 0.1, or 0.01 μmol/l P4 for 24 hours; after which the choriodecidual region was costimulated with 1000 ng/ml of LPS for 24 hours.Main outcome measuresDescriptive statistics were obtained for each variable. Data distribution was tested for normality using Kolmogorov–Smirnoff and Shapiro–Wilk tests. When distribution was normal, Student's t test was used to analyse for differences among groups. Mann–Whitney's U test was used when data were not normally distributed.ResultsPretreatment with 1.0 μmol/l P4 significantly blunted the secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10. MMP‐9 was inhibited with 0.1 μmol/l P4. Mifepristone (RU486) blocked the immunosuppressive effect of P4, suggesting a P4 effect mediated by its receptor.ConclusionThese results offer evidence to support the concept that P4 can protect the fetal–placental unit through a compensatory mechanism that partially limits the secretion of proinflammatory and prodegradative modulators.
Role of radiotherapy in treating patients with primary malignant mediastinal non‐seminomatous germ cell tumor: A 21‐year experience at a single institution
Authors: Wang Jianyang , Bi Nan , Wang Xiaozhen , Hui Zhouguang , Liang Jun , Lv Jima , Zhou Zongmei , Feng Qin Fu , Xiao Zefen , Chen Dongfu , Zhang Hongxing , Yin Weibo , Wang Luhua 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with primary malignant mediastinal non‐seminomatous germ cell tumor (MMNSGCT) by comparing the efficacies of different treatment modalities.MethodsThe charts of 62 consecutive patients with MMNSGCT between 1990 and 2010 were reviewed. Analyses included Kaplan‐Meier survival and Cox multivariate regression.ResultsThere was sufficient data of 61 patients for inclusion in the study. The median age was 25 years. At diagnosis, 35 patients had tumors located in the mediastinum, 26 had lung and/or distant metastases. At a median follow‐up of 47.2 months, 32 patients had died and 43 had developed progressive disease. The one, three, and five‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were 72.1%, 50.8%, 49.2% and 47.5%, 32.8%, 32.8%, respectively. Patients who received radiotherapy in the primary treatment regimen showed improved five‐year OS (68.2% vs. 38.5%, P = 0.043), PFS (45.5% vs. 20.5%, P = 0.023), and local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS) (77.3% vs. 38.5%, P = 0.003) compared with those who did not receive radiotherapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that radiotherapy was an independent prognostic factor of five‐year OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.39, P = 0.037), PFS (HR 0.42, P = 0.017), and LRFS (HR 0.31, P = 0.019).ConclusionRadiotherapy in a chemotherapy‐based treatment regimen could significantly reduce local recurrence and improve survival of MMNGCT patients.
Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of ROS1‐rearranged patients with lung adenocarcinoma without EGFR, KRAS mutations and ALK rearrangements
Authors: Wu Shafei , Wang Jinghui , Zhou Lijuan , Su Dan , Liu Yuanyuan , Liang Xiaolong , Zhang Shucai , Zeng Xuan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundc‐ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearrangement presents one of the newest molecular targets in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ROS1 rearrangement is predominantly found in adenocarcinoma cases and is exclusive to other oncogenes, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of ROS1‐rearranged patients with lung adenocarcinoma without EGFR and KRAS mutations and ALK rearrangements.MethodsWild‐type EGFR/KRAS/ALK patients with lung adenocarcinoma were selected from Beijing Chest Hospital. Specimens were conducted in tissue microarrays. ROS1 rearrangement was screened using fluorescence in situ hybridization.ResultsOur study included 127 patients with lung adenocarcinoma without EGFR and KRAS mutations and ALK rearrangements. ROS1 rearrangement was detected in five (3.9%) of the 127 patients. Compared with ROS1‐negative patients, the positive rate of ROS1 in female patients was significantly higher than in male patients (9.8% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.009). There were no differences in age, smoking status, stage or histological subtype between ROS1‐positive and ROS1‐negative patients. No significant difference in survival was detected between the ROS1‐positive and ROS1‐negative patients.ConclusionsROS1 rearrangement is a rare subset of lung adenocarcinoma. In 127 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, 3.9% of ROS1‐positive patients with wild‐type EGFR/KRAS/ALK were found.
Reduction in alkaline phosphatase is associated with longer survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis, independent of dominant stenosis
Authors: Rupp C. , Rössler A. , Halibasic E. , Sauer P. , Weiss K.‐H. , Friedrich K. , Wannhoff A. , Stiehl A. , Stremmel W. , Trauner M. , Gotthardt D. N. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an important serum marker in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Patients with obstruction of the large bile ducts due to dominant strictures (DS) are a special, clinically important phenotype.AimTo determine the impact of ALP reduction on liver transplantation‐free survival in PSC patients with DS.MethodsProspective cohort study in 215 PSC patients. We performed subgroup analysis for patients without DS (no DS, n = 84), DS at first presentation (DS early, n = 72) and development of DS during the course of the study (DS late, n = 59). We evaluated two scores of ALP reduction. ALP reduction 1 was defined as ALP normalisation, 50% reduction compared with baseline values, or reduction below 1.5 times of upper limit of normal (ULN) within 6 months. ALP reduction 2 was defined as ALP reduction below 1.5 times of ULN within 12 months.ResultsOf the patients, 59.5% reached an ALP reduction 1 and 56.7% according to ALP reduction 2. Achievement of each score was associated with longer transplantation‐free survival in all three groups (ALP reduction 1: no DS P = 0.001; DS early P < 0.001; DS late P = 0.022; ALP reduction 2: no DS P = 0.014; DS early P = 0.001; DS late P = 0.002). Cox‐regression analysis revealed each score as an independent predictor for improved transplantation‐free survival (ALP reduction 1 and 2 P < 0.001 each). We further analysed previously published scores of ALP improvement in PSC showing also improved survival in patients with ALP normalisation or a reduction below 1.5 times of ULN (P = 0.003, P = 0.001, respectively), whereas the score determined by 40% reduction did not show significant differences in survival (P = 0.55).ConclusionsReduction in alkaline phosphatase values within the first year is associated with improved transplantation‐free survival in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis independent of the presence of dominant strictures. Alkaline phosphatase might be an adequate surrogate marker for outcome assessment in clinical studies both for patients with and without dominant strictures.
Review article: the diagnosis and management of food allergy and food intolerances
Authors: Turnbull J. L. , Adams H. N. , Gorard D. A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundAdverse reactions to food include immune mediated food allergies and non‐immune mediated food intolerances. Food allergies and intolerances are often confused by health professionals, patients and the public.AimTo critically review the data relating to diagnosis and management of food allergy and food intolerance in adults and children.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database were searched up until May 2014, using search terms related to food allergy and intolerance.ResultsAn estimated one‐fifth of the population believe that they have adverse reactions to food. Estimates of true IgE‐mediated food allergy vary, but in some countries it may be as prevalent as 4–7% of preschool children. The most common food allergens are cow's milk, egg, peanut, tree nuts, soy, shellfish and finned fish. Reactions vary from urticaria to anaphylaxis and death. Tolerance for many foods including milk and egg develops with age, but is far less likely with peanut allergy. Estimates of IgE‐mediated food allergy in adults are closer to 1–2%. Non‐IgE‐mediated food allergies such as Food Protein‐Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome are rarer and predominantly recognised in childhood. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders including eosinophilic oesophagitis are mixed IgE‐ and non‐IgE‐mediated food allergic conditions, and are improved by dietary exclusions. By contrast food intolerances are nonspecific, and the resultant symptoms resemble other common medically unexplained complaints, often overlapping with symptoms found in functional disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. Improved dietary treatments for the irritable bowel syndrome have recently been described.ConclusionsFood allergies are more common in children, can be life‐threatening and are distinct from food intolerances. Food intolerances may pose little risk but since functional disorders are so prevalent, greater efforts to understand adverse effects of foods in functional disorders are warranted.