bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal Assistance and Police Interrogation
Authors: Mevis Paul , Verbaan Joost 
Published: December 2014

Legal Assistance and Police Interrogation
This paper discusses the rise of a fundamental issue in Dutch criminal proceedings. The presence of a lawyer prior to and during police interrogations has for a long time been a matter open for debate in the Netherlands. Allowing legal assistance during and prior to police interrogations has been researched on several occasions in the previous century and the beginning of this century. In the Netherlands, one of the most important reasons for not admitting legal assistance was and is founded in the confident reliance on the professionalism and integrity of police officers and justice officials in dealing with the interests of suspects. However, after the Salduz case (ECHR 27 November 2008, Appl. No. 36391/02, Salduz v. Turkey), the Dutch government was compelled to draft legal provisions in order to facilitate legal assistance during and prior to police interrogations. The initial drafts still contained a hesitant approach on admitting the lawyer to the actual interrogation. The EU-Directive of November 2013 (Pb EU 2013, L249) set out further reaching standards compelling the Dutch government to create new drafts. In a ruling of April 2014, the Dutch Supreme Court (ECLI:NL:2014:770) argued that the judgements of the ECtHR were too casuistic to derive an absolute right to have a lawyer present during police interrogation. However, they urged the legislator to draft legislation on this matter and warned that its judgement in this could be altered in future caused by legal developments. The Dutch legislator already proposed new draft legislation in February. In this paper it is examined whether the provisions of the new drafts meet the standards as set out in the EU-Directive as well as by the ECtHR.
Samenlevingsovereenkomsten in de notariële praktijk
Authors: Kuik Petra , Schrama Wendy , Verstappen Leon 
Published: December 2014

Samenlevingsovereenkomsten in de notariële praktijk
In deze bijdrage worden de resultaten van een empirisch onderzoek dat in 2013 is verricht naar de inhoud van gemaakte samenlevingsovereenkomsten gepresenteerd. De beroepsgroep die zich met het maken van samenlevingsovereenkomsten bezig houdt - het notariaat - is bevraagd over deze praktijk aan de hand van een digitale vragenlijst. Daarmee is het qua opzet een verkennend onderzoek, dat een eerste beeld geeft van de notariële praktijk. In deze bijdrage worden de resultaten van een empirisch onderzoek dat in 2013 is verricht naar de inhoud van gemaakte samenlevingsovereenkomsten gepresenteerd. De beroepsgroep die zich met het maken van samenlevingsovereenkomsten bezig houdt - het notariaat - is bevraagd over deze praktijk aan de hand van een digitale vragenlijst. Daarmee is het qua opzet een verkennend onderzoek, dat een eerste beeld geeft van de notariële praktijk. De inhoud van de doorsnee samenlevingsovereenkomst verschilt aanzienlijk van die van huwelijkse voorwaarden. Bedingen waaruit vermogensrechtelijke solidariteit tussen ongehuwd samenwonenden blijkt (inkomens- of vermogensverrekening of alimentatiebedingen), komen slechts zeer beperkt voor in samenlevingsovereenkomsten, terwijl die juist in huwelijkse voorwaarden zeer frequent voorkomen. Ook op andere onderdelen verschaft dit onderzoek interessante bevindingen. Nader onderzoek is gewenst om meer inzicht te krijgen in de praktijk van het maken van samenlevingsovereenkomsten.
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In this paper, the authors present an empirical research on the content of cohabitation contracts in the Netherlands, conducted in 2013. The legal professionals who mostly deal with cohabitation contracts - the notaries - have been asked to fill in a digital questionnaire. The format of this research is exploratory, painting a first picture of legal practice on making cohabitation contracts. The content of the average cohabitation contract differs very much compared to the content of the average marriage contract. Clauses that express solidarity between cohabitants (sharing income or property values or maintenance) are rare in cohabitation contracts, whereas they are rather popular in matrimonial property contracts. Further research is necessary to gain more insight into the legal practice of making cohabitation contracts.
The Cancer Genomics Resource List 2014
Authors: Zutter Mary M. , Bloom Kenneth J. , Cheng Liang , Hagemann Ian S. , Kaufman Jill H. , Krasinskas Alyssa M. , Lazar Alexander J. , Leonard Debra G. B. , Lindeman Neal I. , Moyer Ann M. , Nikiforova Marina N. , Nowak Jan A. , Pfeifer John D. , Sepulveda Antonia R. , Willis Joseph E. , Yohe Sophia L. 
Published: December 2014

Context
Genomic sequencing for cancer is offered by commercial for-profit laboratories, independent laboratory networks, and laboratories in academic medical centers and integrated health networks. The variability among the tests has created a complex, confusing environment.

Objective
To address the complexity, the Personalized Health Care (PHC) Committee of the College of American Pathologists proposed the development of a cancer genomics resource list (CGRL). The goal of this resource was to assist the laboratory pathology and clinical oncology communities.

Design
The PHC Committee established a working group in 2012 to address this goal. The group consisted of site-specific experts in cancer genetic sequencing. The group identified current next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based cancer tests and compiled them into a usable resource. The genes were annotated by the working group. The annotation process drew on published knowledge, including public databases and the medical literature.

Results
The compiled list includes NGS panels offered by 19 laboratories or vendors, accompanied by annotations. The list has 611 different genes for which NGS-based mutation testing is offered. Surprisingly, of these 611 genes, 0 genes were listed in every panel, 43 genes were listed in 4 panels, and 54 genes were listed in 3 panels. In addition, tests for 393 genes were offered by only 1 or 2 institutions. Table 1 provides an example of gene mutations offered for breast cancer genomic testing with the annotation as it appears in the CGRL 2014.

Conclusions
The final product, referred to as the Cancer Genomics Resource List 2014, is available as supplemental digital content.
Mapping Replication Origin Sequences in Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Authors: Fu Haiqing , Besnard Emilie , Desprat Romain , Ryan Michael , Kahli Malik , Lemaitre Jean‐Marc , Aladjem Mirit I. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRecent advances in genome‐sequencing technology have led to the complete mapping of DNA replication initiation sites in the human genome. This thorough origin mapping facilitates understanding of the relationship between replication initiation events, transcription, and chromatin modifications, and allows the characterization of consensus sequences of potential replication origins. This unit provides a detailed protocol for isolation and sequence analysis of nascent DNA strands. Two variations of the protocol based on non‐overlapping assumptions are described below, addressing potential bias issues for whole‐genome analyses. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ionosphere data assimilation capabilities for representing the high‐latitude geomagnetic storm event in September 2011
Authors: Solomentsev Dmitry , Jacobsen Knut Stanley , Khattatov Boris , Khattatov Vyacheslav , Cherniak Yakov , Titov Anton 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSevere geomagnetic storms have a strong impact on space communication and satellite navigation systems. Forecasting the appearance of geomagnetically induced disturbances in the ionosphere is one of the urgent goals of the space weather community. The challenge is that the processes governing the distribution of the crucial ionospheric parameters have a rather poor quantitative description, and the models, built using the empirical parameterizations, have limited capabilities for operational purposes. On the other hand, data assimilation techniques are becoming more and more popular for nowcasting the state of the large‐scale geophysical systems. We present an example of an ionospheric data assimilation system performance assessment during a strong geomagnetic event, which took place on 26 September 2011. The first‐principle model has assimilated slant total electron content measurements from a dense network of ground stations, provided by the Norwegian Mapping Authority. The results have shown satisfactory agreement with independent data and demonstrate that the assimilation model is accurate to about 2–4 total electron content units and can be used for operational purposes in high‐latitude regions. The operational system performance assessment is the subject of future work.
Thermal, morphology, and mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfide/polyether sulfone binary blends
Authors: Li Dandan , Qian Guangtao , Liu Changwei , Wang Daming , Chen Chunhai , Zhao Xiaogang 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBlends of polyether sulfone (PES) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with different weight ratios (10/0, 8/2, 6/4, 4/6, 2/8, 0/10) were prepared by melt extrusion using a twin‐screw extruder. In this work, the thermal stabilities of blends were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and the dynamic mechanical properties were investigated by means of dynamic mechanical analysis. The fracture surfaces were observed with a scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the mechanical property tests were also carried out and the impact strength of blends was improved by 110% compared to that of pure PPS. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41703.
Finite Elemente Analyse von Stahlbetonplatten
Authors: Thoma Karel , Roos Patrick , Borkowski Gregor 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDie Berechnung des Last‐Verformungs‐Verhaltens von Stahlbetonplatten unter Berücksichtigung der materialbedingten Nichtlinearitäten ist aufwendig und komplex. Im Rahmen dieses Fachaufsatzes werden großmaßstäbliche Plattenversuche nachgerechnet, wobei die zugrunde gelegte Werkstoffbeziehung für Stahlbeton auf dem Gerissenen Scheibenmodell [2] in Kombination mit dem Schichtenmodell nach [4] basiert. Die Werkstoffbeziehung wurde als Usermat in ANSYS MECHANICAL APDL [5] implementiert. Neben dem Vergleich der berechneten und gemessenen Last‐Verformungs‐Verhalten der Plattenversuche sind auch die berechneten und gemessenen Verzerrungen, der Kraftfluss und das Rissbild an einem ausgewählten Plattenversuch gegenübergestellt. Um die Qualität der Nachrechnungen beurteilen zu können, wurden die Versuche zusätzlich mit zwei kommerziellen Finite‐Elemente‐Programmen SOFISTIK [14] und ABAQUS [15] nachgerechnet. Zudem wird der Einfluss der Idealisierung der Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Beziehung für Betonstahl auf das Last‐Verformungs‐Verhalten der Platten an einem Beispiel diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass insbesondere das berechnete Verformungsvermögen der Platten stark von der Idealisierung der Werkstoffbeziehungen abhängt.Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slabs – Post‐test calculations of plate tests using the cracked membrane modelThe calculation of the load‐deformation behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs, under consideration of the non‐linear material behaviour, is an involved and complex process. In this paper post‐test calculations of large‐scale plate tests are carried out. The utilised constitutive law for reinforced concrete is based on the combination of the cracked membrane model [2] and the layer model according to [4]. The constitutive law was implemented as Usermat in ANSYS MECHANICAL APDL. Comparisons of the calculated and measured load‐deformation curves of the plate tests are carried out. The calculated and measured load‐deformation curves of the plate tests are compared. Further, for a selected plate test, comparisons are carried out for the calculated and experimentally determined strains, the flow of force and the crack pattern. To assess the quality of the post‐test calculations, the test results were also verified with the two commercially available finite element programs SOFISTIK [14] and ABAQUS [15]. Furthermore, a selected plate test is used to discuss the influence of the idealisation of the reinforcement steel stress‐strain relationship on the load‐deformation behaviour of the plates. It is shown that the calculated deformation capacity of the slabs is strongly dependent on the chosen idealisation of the constitutive law.
Learning from the QUEST multicentre feasibility randomization trials in breast reconstruction after mastectomy
Authors: Winters Z E , Emson M , Griffin C , Mills J , Hopwood P , Bidad N , MacDonald L , Turton E P L , Horne R , Bliss J M , Barr L , Poynter E , Bahl A , Beresford M , Nicklin J , Hurley K , Rayter Z , Winters Z , Bhaskar P , Kanarek J , Benson J , Benyon S , Drew P , Green M , Hadjiminas D , Al Mufti R , McIntosh S , Hill N , Munot K , Strider P , Campos M , Frazer J , Pereira J , Flores K , Rogers C , Serra P , Mann L , Sharma N , Bottomley J , Skene A , Iskender A , Turton P , Hartup S , Nicholson J , Fairbrother P , MacKenzie M , Bliss J , Emson M , Griffin C , Mills J , Kilburn L , Hitchins J , Kapari M 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Breast reconstruction aims to improve health-related quality of life after mastectomy. However, evidence guiding patients and surgeons in shared decision-making concerning the optimal type or timing of surgery is lacking.

Methods
QUEST comprised two parallel feasibility phase III randomized multicentre trials to assess the impact of the type and timing of latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction on health-related quality of life when postmastectomy radiotherapy is unlikely (QUEST A) or highly probable (QUEST B). The primary endpoint for the feasibility phase was the proportion of women who accepted randomization, and it would be considered feasible if patient acceptability rates exceeded 25 per cent of women approached. A companion QUEST Perspectives Study (QPS) of patients (both accepting and declining trial participation) and healthcare professionals assessed trial acceptability.

Results
The QUEST trials opened in 15 UK centres. After 18 months of recruitment, 17 patients were randomized to QUEST A and eight to QUEST B, with overall acceptance rates of 19 per cent (17 of 88) and 22 per cent (8 of 36) respectively. The QPS recruited 56 patients and 51 healthcare professionals. Patient preference was the predominant reason for declining trial entry, given by 47 (53 per cent) of the 88 patients approached for QUEST A and 22 (61 per cent) of the 36 approached for QUEST B. Both trials closed to recruitment in December 2012, acknowledging the challenges of achieving satisfactory patient accrual.

Conclusion
Despite extensive efforts to overcome recruitment barriers, it was not feasible to reach timely recruitment targets within a feasibility study. Patient preferences for breast reconstruction types and timings were common, rendering patients unwilling to enter the trial.
Synthesis, Anticonvulsant Activity and Metabolism of 4‐chlor‐3‐methylphenoxyethylamine Derivatives of Trans‐2‐aminocyclohexan‐1‐ol
Authors: Kubowicz Paulina , Marona Henryk , Pękala Elżbieta 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this study, we report the synthesis, spectral characterization, antiepileptic activity and biotransformation of three new, chiral, N‐aminoalkyl derivatives of trans – 2 aminocyclohexan‐1‐ol: 1 (R enantiomer), 2 (S enantiomer) and 3 (racemate). Antiepileptic activity of the titled compounds was studied using MES and scMet. Moreover, in this study, the biotransformation of 1, 2 and 3 in microbial model (Cunninghamella), liver microsomal assay as well as in silico studies (MetaSite) was evaluated.Studies have indicated that 1, 2 and 3 have good antiepileptic activity in vivo, comparable to valproate. Biotransformation assays showed that the most probable metabolite (indicated in every tested assays) was M1. The microbial model as well as in silico study showed no difference in biotransformation between tested enantiomers. However, in a rat liver microsomal study compound 1 and 2 (R and S enantiomer) had different main metabolite – M2 for 1 and M1 for 2. MS/MS fragmentation allowed us to predict the structures of obtained metabolites, which were in agreement with 1°alcohol (M1) and carboxylic acid (M2).Our research has shown that microbial model, microsomal assay, and computational methods can be included as useful and reliable tools in early ADME‐Tox assays in the process of developing new drug candidates. Chirality 27:163–169, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variably saturated groundwater modelling for optimizing managed aquifer recharge using trench infiltration
Authors: Heilweil Victor M. , Benoit Jerome , Healy Richard W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSpreading‐basin methods have resulted in more than 130 million cubic metres of recharge to the unconfined Navajo Sandstone of southern Utah in the past decade, but infiltration rates have slowed in recent years because of reduced hydraulic gradients and (or) clogging. Trench infiltration is a promising alternative technique for increasing recharge and minimizing evaporation. This paper uses a variably saturated flow model to further investigate the relative importance of the following variables on rates of trench infiltration to unconfined aquifers: saturated hydraulic conductivity, trench spacing and dimensions, initial water‐table depth, alternate wet/dry periods, and number of parallel trenches. Modelling results showed (1) increased infiltration with higher hydraulic conductivity, deeper initial water tables, and larger spacing between parallel trenches, (2) deeper or wider trenches do not substantially increase infiltration, (3) alternating wet/dry periods result in less overall infiltration than keeping the trenches continuously full, and (4) larger numbers of parallel trenches within a fixed area increases infiltration but with a diminishing effect as trench spacing becomes tighter. An empirical equation for estimating expected trench infiltration rates as a function of hydraulic conductivity and initial water‐table depth was derived and can be used for evaluating feasibility of trench infiltration in other hydrogeologic settings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions of the hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor faldaprevir with cytochrome P450 enzymes: In vitro and in vivo correlation
Authors: Sabo John P. , Kort Jens , Ballow Charles , Kashuba Angela D.M. , Haschke Manuel , Battegay Manuel , Girlich Birgit , Ting Naitee , Lang Benjamin , Zhang Wei , Cooper Curtis , O'Brien Drané , Seibert Eleanore , Chan Tom S. , Tweedie Donald , Li Yongmei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe potential inhibition of the major human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes by faldaprevir was evaluated both in vitro and in clinical studies (healthy volunteers and hepatitis C virus [HCV] genotype 1‐infected patients). In vitro studies indicated that faldaprevir inhibited CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A, and was a weak‐to‐moderate inactivator of CYP3A4. Faldaprevir 240 mg twice daily in healthy volunteers demonstrated moderate inhibition of hepatic and intestinal CYP3A (oral midazolam: 2.96‐fold increase in AUC0–24 h), weak inhibition of hepatic CYP3A (intravenous midazolam: 1.56‐fold increase in AUC0–24 h), weak inhibition of CYP2C9 ([S]‐warfarin: 1.29‐fold increase in AUC0–120 h), and had no relevant effects on CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP2D6. Faldaprevir 120 mg once daily in HCV‐infected patients demonstrated weak inhibition of hepatic and intestinal CYP3A (oral midazolam: 1.52‐fold increase in AUC0–∞), and had no relevant effects on CYP2C9 or CYP1A2. In vitro drug‐drug interaction predictions based on inhibitor concentration ([I])/inhibition constant (Ki) ratios tended to overestimate clinical effects and a net‐effect model provided a more accurate approach. These studies suggest that faldaprevir shows a dose‐dependent inhibition of CYP3A and CYP2C9, and does not induce CYP isoforms.
Automated detection and measurement of uterine peristalsis in cine MR images
Authors: Watanabe Koichi , Kataoka Masako , Yano Kojiro , Nishio Shuro , Umehana Masaki , Kido Aki , Togashi Kaori 
Published: December 2014

PurposeTo evaluate the ability of automated software to quantify uterine peristalsis on cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsAt 1.5T, half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) techniques were used to obtain 60 serial images over 3 minutes (TR/TE 3000/80 msec) in a midsagittal plane of the uterus. Thirty‐two cine MR datasets, obtained from 16 healthy females, were analyzed. Uterine peristalsis was defined as the traveling waves of decreasing signal intensity on the endometrium‐junctional zone border. The software detected traveling waves by identifying the neighboring areas showing similar patterns of signal intensity decrease in a different timing. Quantification of uterine peristaltic wave using the fully automated software was compared to qualitative visual evaluation by two readers.ResultsThe mean number (and standard deviation) of peristaltic waves detected by the fully automated software and visual evaluations (readers 1 and 2) were 5.4 (3.0), 4.7 (3.1), and 4.5 (3.1) per 3 minutes, respectively. Quantification by fully automated software demonstrated excellent agreement with repeated measurement (weighted kappa 0.99) and with qualitative visual evaluations (range 0.89–0.95), comparable to interreader agreement by visual evaluations (range 0.89–0.93).ConclusionThe fully automated software can be used to quantify uterine peristalsis comparable to visual evaluation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:644–650.
Do the Effects of Adolescent Employment Differ by Employment Intensity and Neighborhood Context?
Authors: Kingston Sharon , Rose Amy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractResearch on the effects of adolescent employment on primarily middle‐class youth suggests that intense employment, working more than 15 or 20 hours during the school year, is associated with increased participation in risky behavior. Despite these findings, scholars who focus on the development of youth living in low‐income urban areas often hypothesize that adolescent employment will have beneficial effects on this population. There is some evidence that adolescent employment is associated with increased educational achievement and adult employment for low‐income urban youth. The impact of adolescent employment on future engagement in risky behavior across levels of neighborhood deprivation and employment intensity was investigated on a sample of 1,057 adolescents from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, a longitudinal study of neighborhood effects on development. After controlling for individual characteristics, intense employment during adolescence did predict increased use of cigarettes and alcohol and having a greater number of sexual partners 2 years after employment was measured. There were no significant interactions between neighborhood SES and adolescent employment status on involvement in risky behavior. These findings suggest that intense adolescent employment is associated with detrimental developmental outcomes for youth regardless neighborhood context.