bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mousterian child from Teshik‐Tash is a Neanderthal: A geometric morphometric study of the frontal bone
Authors: Gunz Philipp , Bulygina Ekaterina 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the 1930s subadult hominin remains and Mousterian artifacts were discovered in the Teshik‐Tash cave in South Uzbekistan. Since then, the majority of the scientific community has interpreted Teshik‐Tash as a Neanderthal. However, some have considered aspects of the morphology of the Teshik‐Tash skull to be more similar to fossil modern humans such as those represented at Skhūl and Qafzeh, or to subadult Upper Paleolithic modern humans. Here we present a 3D geometric morphometric analysis of the Teshik‐Tash frontal bone in the context of developmental shape changes in recent modern humans, Neanderthals, and early modern humans. We assess the phenetic affinities of Teshik‐Tash to other subadult fossils, and use developmental simulations to predict possible adult shapes. We find that the morphology of the frontal bone places the Teshik‐Tash child close to other Neanderthal children and that the simulated adult shapes are closest to Neanderthal adults. Taken together with genetic data showing that Teshik‐Tash carried mtDNA of the Neanderthal type, as well as its occipital bun, and its shovel‐shaped upper incisors, these independent lines of evidence firmly place Teshik‐Tash among Neanderthals. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dilution stress facilitates colonization of invasive mosquitofish in a saline Mediterranean stream: population biology response
Authors: Ruiz‐Navarro Ana , Verdiell‐Cubedo David , Torralva Mar , Oliva‐Paterna Francisco J. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Knowledge of the interplay of abiotic factors and the invasive success of exotic fish is fundamental both to proper management and the ability to predict consequences for native communities.
The highly invasive eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) has been introduced worldwide; however, although salinity could limit its invasive success, the influence of variations in water salinity on its population biology has been scarcely studied.
The present study aimed to analyse the effect of changes in water salinity on the life history and microhabitat use of a mosquitofish population inhabiting a hypersaline stream subjected to human‐caused dilution stress.
Dilution process and associated habitat changes, such as increased aquatic vegetation, available food and the spread of invasive riparian vegetation (the common reed Phragmites australis), seem to have favoured mosquitofish proliferation and colonization.
Dilution caused an increased somatic condition for all individuals and a higher reproductive investment of males and larger females. This led to greater survival, recruitment rates, and abundance during the period of lower salinity.
The species showed changes in microhabitat use which could be advantageous in less saline conditions; for instance, the species preferentially used areas with the presence of P. australis as a refuge, and this pattern increased during the dilution period.
These results support the hypothesis that human activity is one of the main forces shaping the colonization and proliferation of exotic freshwater fishes. At least in a Mediterranean context, an increase in mosquitofish abundance and the improvement of its population status could be clear indicators of the degradation of natural saline systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Muscle Patterning in Mouse and Human Abdominal Wall Development and Omphalocele Specimens of Humans
Authors: Nichol Peter F. , Corliss Robert F. , Yamada Shigehito , Shiota Kohei , Saijoh Yukio 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHuman omphalocele is a congenital defect of the abdominal wall in which the secondary abdominal wall structures (muscle and connective tissue) in an area centered around the umbilicus are replaced by a translucent membranous layer of tissue. Histological examination of omphalocele development and moreover the staging of normal human abdominal wall development has never been described. We hypothesized that omphalocele is the result of an arrest in the secondary abdominal wall development and predicted that we would observe delays in myoblast maturation and an arrest in secondary abdominal wall development. To look for evidence in support of our hypothesis, we performed a histological analysis of normal human abdominal wall development and compared this to mouse. We also conducted the first histological analysis of two human specimens with omphalocele. In these two omphalocele specimens, secondary abdominal wall development appears to have undergone an arrest around Carnegie Stage 19. In both specimens disruptions in the unidirectional orientation of myofibers were observed in the external and internal obliques, and rectus abdominis but not in the transversus abdominis. These latter findings support a model of normal abdominal wall development in which positional information instructs the orientation of myoblasts as they organize into individual muscle groups. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Natural path planning using wavelet noise in static environment
Authors: Kumar Amit , Ojha Aparajita 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTIn a constrained virtual environment, motion of a character has to be controlled with precision to avoid collisions. For modeling motion of a character representing some real‐life object, it is important to generate paths that look natural. A number of path planning algorithms have been introduced to solve real‐time path queries in an environment. However, in all such algorithms, a fixed path is returned always for the same start and goal positions in the environment. Recently, Perlin noise has been used to add variations to a path so that it appears more natural. However, because of pure random nature of Perlin noise function, often unnatural path occurs. In this paper, we present a new approach to natural path planning by adding wavelet noise to a path generated using subdivision‐based Corridor Map Method. Because wavelet noise is almost perfectly band limited and provides good details with minimal aliasing effects, the resulting path becomes smoother and more natural. Moreover, by appropriately choosing the levels of down/up sampling in the wavelet noise generation algorithm, frequency of wavelet noise can be adjusted. This serves as an effective tool in bringing variations in path as per the requirement. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Caffeic Acid Amides as Selective MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 Inhibitors
Authors: Shi Zhi‐Hao , Li Nian‐Guang , Shi Qian‐Ping , Tang Hao , Tang Yu‐Ping , Li Wei , Yin Lian , Yang Jian‐Ping , Duan Jin‐Ao 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Strategy, Management and Health Policy

Preclinical Research

A series of caffeic acid amides with extended P1′ groups were synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activities on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9. Compound 3f showed considerable inhibitory activities against MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and best selectivity over MMP‐1. Preliminary structure–activity relationship analysis and docking studies indicated that caffeic acid amides with electron‐donating groups at p‐position of amino phenyl group showed better inhibitory activities and selectivity than those with electron‐withdrawing groups. The findings of this study would provide information for the exploitation and utilization of caffeic acid as MMP inhibitor for metastatic tumor treatment.
Changes in the astrocytic aquaporin‐4 and inwardly rectifying potassium channel expression in the brain of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis SOD1G93A rat model
Authors: Bataveljić Danijela , Nikolić Ljiljana , Milosević Milena , Todorović Nataša , Andjus Pavle R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons. Dysfunction and death of motor neurons are closely related to the modified astrocytic environment. Astrocytic endfeet, lining the blood–brain barrier (BBB), are enriched in two proteins, aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) and inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir) 4.1. Both channels are important for the maintainance of a functional BBB astrocytic lining. In this study, expression levels of AQP4 and Kir4.1 were for the first time examined in the brainstem and cortex, along with the functional properties of Kir channels in cultured cortical astrocytes of the SOD1G93A rat model of ALS. Western blot analysis showed increased expression of AQP4 and decreased expression of Kir4.1 in the brainstem and cortex of the ALS rat. In addition, higher immunoreactivity of AQP4 and reduced immunolabeling of Kir4.1 in facial and trigeminal nuclei as well as in the motor cortex were also observed. Particularly, the observed changes in the expression of both channels were retained in cultured astrocytes. Furthermore, whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from cultured ALS cortical astrocytes showed a significantly lower Kir current density. Importantly, the potassium uptake current in ALS astrocytes was significantly reduced at all extracellular potassium concentrations. Consequently, the Kir‐specific Cs+‐ and Ba2+‐sensitive currents were also decreased. The changes in the studied channels, notably at the upper CNS level, could underline the hampered ability of astrocytes to maintain water and potassium homeostasis, thus affecting the BBB, disturbing the neuronal microenvironment, and causing motoneuronal dysfunction and death. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reducing perceptual interference improves visual discrimination in mild cognitive impairment: Implications for a model of perirhinal cortex function
Authors: Newsome Rachel N. , Duarte Audrey , Barense Morgan D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMemory loss resulting from damage to the medial temporal lobes (MTL) is traditionally considered to reflect damage to a dedicated, exclusive memory system. Recent work, however, has suggested that damage to one MTL structure, the perirhinal cortex (PRC), compromises complex object representations that are necessary for both memory and perception. These representations are thought to be critical in shielding against the interference caused by a stream of visually similar input. In this study, we administered a complex object discrimination task to two memory‐impaired populations thought to have brain damage that includes the PRC [patients diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and older adults at risk for MCI], as well as age‐matched controls. Importantly, we carefully manipulated the level of interference: in the High Interference condition, participants completed a block of consecutive perceptually similar complex object discriminations, whereas in the Low Interference condition, we interspersed perceptually dissimilar objects such that there was less buildup of visual interference. We found that both memory‐impaired populations were impaired on the High Interference condition compared with controls, but critically, by reducing the degree of perceptual interference, we were largely able to improve their performance. These findings, when taken together with convergent evidence from animals with selective PRC lesions and amnesic patients with focal damage to the PRC, provide support for a representational‐hierarchical model of PRC function and suggest that memory loss following PRC damage may reflect a heightened vulnerability to perceptual interference. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Smokeless tobacco and risk of head and neck cancer: Evidence from a case–control study in New England
Authors: Zhou Jiachen , Michaud Dominique S. , Langevin Scott M. , McClean Michael D. , Eliot Melissa , Kelsey Karl T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCurrent studies suggesting that smokeless tobacco use increases the risk of head and neck cancer are hampered by small numbers. Consequently, there remains uncertainty in the magnitude and significance of this risk. We examined the relationship between smokeless tobacco use and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in a population‐based case–control study with 1,046 cases and 1,239 frequency‐matched controls. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), adjusting for age, gender, race, education level, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. A nonsignificant elevated association between having ever used smokeless tobacco and HNSCC risk (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.67–2.16) was observed. Individuals who reported 10 or more years of smokeless tobacco use had a significantly elevated risk of HNSCC (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 1.31–12.64), compared to never users. In an analysis restricted to never cigarette smokers, a statistically significant association was observed between ever use of smokeless tobacco and the risk of HNSCC (OR = 4.21, 95% CI: 1.01–17.57). These findings suggest that long‐term use of smokeless tobacco increases the risk of HNSCC.
Using age‐referenced prostate‐specific antigen percentile to predict survival outcomes in screened Taiwanese men
Authors: Chen Chung‐Hsin , Yao Henry H.I. , Huang Shi‐Wei , Chuang Cheng‐Keng , Hsu Hueih‐Shing , Wang Chung‐Jing , Pu Yeong‐Shiau 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe survival outcomes of Asian men with elevated prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels at screening are largely unknown. We present the clinical outcomes of Taiwanese men based on their screening PSA levels. Between 1994 and 2006, 27,761 men aged over 40 years underwent PSA screening in a self‐funded health examination. The clinical database was linked with the national cancer and death registry databases to generate prostate cancer incidence, prostate cancer mortality (PCM) and overall mortality (OM). Participants were followed until the end of 2009. Survival analyses were performed for the participants' outcomes, and were stratified by five 10‐year age strata (age 40–<50, 50–<60, 60–<70, 70–<80 and ≥80), and six age‐referenced PSA percentile groups, divided by the 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th and 99th percentile of PSA values for each 10‐year age stratum. The median age of the 27,761 men was 54.7 years. The median PSA level at cancer diagnosis was 4.46 ngml−1. Specifically, the PSA levels for the five 10‐year age strata in order of respectively increasing ages were 1.93, 3.50, 4.10, 6.94 and 12.4 ngml−1. After a median follow‐up of 8.4 years, 2,463 men died and 337 were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Among the 337 patients, 29 (8.6%) died of prostate cancer. The prostate cancer incidence, PCM and OM rates were higher in men with higher age‐referenced PSA percentile values. The 10‐year PCM rate for men with ≥ the 99th age‐referenced PSA percentile was 3.9%, which was significantly higher than the rate of ≤ 0.5% in the lower percentile groups.
Bovine osteoblasts cultured on polyanionic collagen scaffolds: An ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study
Authors: da Luz Moreira Patrícia , Genari Selma Candelária , Goissis Gilberto , Galembeck Fernando , An Yuehuei H. , Santos Arnaldo Rodrigues 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCollagen is the most abundant protein in the body and is also the most important component of the extracellular matrix. Collagen has several advantages as a biomaterial such as lack of toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and easy reabsorption. In this study, we examined bovine osteoblasts cultured on native or anionic collagen scaffolds prepared from bovine pericardium after selective hydrolysis of glutamine and asparagine side chain amides for periods from 24 (BP24) and 48 h (BP48). The cells were cultured in control and mineralization medium at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO2. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and an immunocytochemical marker were used for analysis. Cells with an irregular morphology forming a confluent multilayer were observed on matrices kept in control medium. Most of these cells presented a polygonal or elongated flattened morphology. Several spherical deposits of calcium crystal associated with phosphorus were observed on the native and BP48 matrices. Similar results were observed in samples kept in control medium except with lower calcium/phosphorus ratio. Vesicles actively expelled from the cell membrane were also seen (do this vesicles corresponds to calcium/phosphorus deposits). Osteocalcin was clearly visible on matrices kept in mineralization medium and was more expression on the surface of BP48 matrices. The results showed that anionic collagen is able to support osteoblastic differentiation, regardless of the medium used. Finally, the BP48 matrix promoted better osteoblast differentiation than the native matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 18–27, 2013.
Review of MR elastography applications and recent developments
Authors: Glaser Kevin J. , Manduca Armando , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe technique of MR elastography (MRE) has emerged as a useful modality for quantitatively imaging the mechanical properties of soft tissues in vivo. Recently, MRE has been introduced as a clinical tool for evaluating chronic liver disease, but many other potential applications are being explored. These applications include measuring tissue changes associated with diseases of the liver, breast, brain, heart, and skeletal muscle including both focal lesions (e.g., hepatic, breast, and brain tumors) and diffuse diseases (e.g., fibrosis and multiple sclerosis). The purpose of this review article is to summarize some of the recent developments of MRE and to highlight some emerging applications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:757–774. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Separate Crystallization and Cocrystallization of Poly(L‐lactide) in the Presence of L‐Lactide‐Based Copolymers With Low Crystallizability, Poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) and Poly(L‐lactide‐co‐D‐lactide)
Authors: Tsuji Hideto , Tashiro Kohji , Bouapao Leevameng , Hanesaka Makoto 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPoly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (78/22)0 [P(LLA‐GA)] were phase‐separated in PLLA/P(LLA‐GA) blends, forming independent domains and thence crystallizing separately. The crystallization of PLLA was not disturbed or delayed by the presence of P(LLA‐GA) and vice versa. PLLA and poly(L‐lactide‐co‐D‐lactide) (77/23) [P(LLA‐DLA)] were miscible in the PLLA/P(LLA‐DLA) blends, overall crystallization was delayed, and the growth of crystallites was disturbed in the presence of P(LLA‐DLA). In isothermal crystallization, the originally noncrystallizable P(LLA‐DLA) became crystallizable in the presence of PLLA, with which it cocrystallized. The disturbance effect on periodical lamella twisting of PLLA was larger for P(LLA‐GA) than for P(LLA‐DLA).
Supramolecular Aqueous Gels Based on Terpyridine‐Modified Pluronics
Authors: Bharatiya Bhavesh , Fustin Charles‐André , Gohy Jean‐François 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAqueous solutions of terpyridine end‐functionalized Pluronics are investigated with or without the addition of Ni2+ and Zn2+ ions. Thermorheological measurements on these solutions show in some cases temperature‐dependent sol–gel transitions. Without added metal ions, the thermorheological behavior is controlled by the composition of the Pluronics and the presence of clustered terpyridines. With added metal ions, the thermorheological behavior is essentially controlled by the terpyridine metal ion complexes.
A modified side‐to‐end lymphaticovenular anastomosis
Authors: Yamamoto Takumi , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Narushima Mitsunaga , Seki Yukio , Yamamoto Nana , Shim Timothy Weng Hoh , Koshima Isao 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:Lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is a useful treatment for compression‐refractory lymphedema with its effectiveness and minimal invasiveness. However, LVA requires supermicrosurgery, where lymphatic vessels with a diameter of 0.5 mm or smaller are anastomosed using 11‐0 or 12‐0 suture. To make LVA easier and safer, we adopted a modified side‐to‐end (S‐E) anastomosis in LVA surgery.Methods:We performed modified S‐E LVAs in 14 limbs of female patients with lower extremity lymphedema (LEL). In modified S‐E LVA, lateral windows with a length of 1.0 mm or longer were created on a lymphatic vessel and a vein, respectively, and side‐to‐side (S‐S) anastomosis was established with 10‐0 continuous suture. After completion of S‐S anastomosis, the vein distal to the anastomosis site was ligated to prevent venous backflow and subsequent thrombosis at the anastomosis site. Lymphedematous volume was evaluated preoperatively and at postoperative 6 months using LEL index.Results:All the 24 modified S‐E anastomoses could be completed without difficulty or revision for anastomosis, and showed good patency after completion of anastomosis. Postoperatively, LEL indices significantly decreased compared with preoperative LEL index (255.9 ± 14.1 vs. 274.9 ± 22.2, P < 0.001).Conclusions:Modified S‐E LVA can efficaciously divert lymph flows into venous circulation without performing supermicrosurgical anastomosis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Microsurgery, 2013.
Reliable control of stochastic systems via sliding mode technique
Authors: Niu Yugang , Liu Yonghui , Jia Tinggang 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThis paper considers the problem of sliding mode control for uncertain stochastic systems with possible occurrence of actuator faults. There exist parameter uncertainties and state‐dependent noise. Moreover, the faults may happen in any of the actuators. The reliable designing on both passive and adaptive sliding mode controllers is investigated, respectively. Both the reachability of the specified sliding surface and the stochastic stability of the sliding motion are analyzed using the stochastic Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulation results are given.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of respiratory viruses in asymptomatic children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Srinivasan Ashok , Flynn Patricia , Gu Zhengming , Hartford Christine , Lovins Richard , Sunkara Anusha , Srivastava Deo K. , Leung Wing , Hayden Randall T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDetection of respiratory viruses by molecular methods, in children without respiratory symptoms undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), has not been well described. A prospective study of 33 asymptomatic children detected respiratory viruses in 8 of 33 (24%) patients before HCT. Human rhinovirus (HRV) was detected in five patients, and human adenovirus (hADV) in three patients. Two additional patients shed HRV, and one shed human coronavirus (hCoV), post‐HCT. Two patients had co‐infections. Of the 11 asymptomatic patients where respiratory virus was detected, 3 (27%) later developed an upper respiratory tract infection, from the same virus. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 149–151. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of soluble and thermally stable poly[arylene ether amide (N‐arylenebenzimidazole)]s
Authors: Xu Yewei , Tang Jie , Chang Guanjun , Luo Xuan , Zhu Fanghua , Zhang Lin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPoly(arylene ether)s containing N‐arylenebenzimidazole and amide groups were prepared using an aromatic nucleophilic displacement reaction that replaced the N‐H sites from four different bis(benzimidazolyl) derivatives with activated aromatic difluorides containing ether and amide groups in sulfolane. The reaction was carried out at 210 °C in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. The structures of the polymers were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and the results were largely consistent with the proposed structure. All resulting polymers showed an essentially amorphous nature. This was consistent with the calculated results. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric measurements showed that the polymers had high glass transition temperatures (>190 °C), good thermostability and high decomposition temperatures (>400 °C). These novel polymers also showed easy solubility. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry