bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
III.—A Monograph on the general Morphology of the Myxinoid Fishes, based on a study of Myxine. Part V. The Anatomy of the Gut and its Appendages
Authors: Cole F. J. 
Published: January 2013

The first four parts of this work, on the skeleton, muscles, and vascular system, were published in theTransactionsof the Society in 1905, 1907, 1909, and 1912.The present section does not include the teeth, which, belonging properly to the skin, will be described when the skin and its appendages are dealt with. It will be noticed from time to time that I have to record striking differences from results obtained by other authors. Such differences must, of course, be recorded; but in recording them it must not be understood, unless the contrary is expressly stated, that the observations under discussion are necessarily inaccurate. One cannot investigate Myxinoid anatomy without frequently coming up against somewhat astonishing variations, and I have long been convinced that there must be races or colonies ofMyxinewhich have not been distinguished specifically, but which, nevertheless, possess anatomical features in common. To give one instance out of many. Mr R. H. Burne has described in detail an anal slime gland inMyxine.
XXIV.—On Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part II. Additional Notes on Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani, Kidston and Lang; with Descriptions of Rhynia major, n.sp., and Hornea Lignieri, n.g., n.sp.
Authors: Kidston R. , Lang W. H. 
Published: January 2013

In Part I a general account was given of the silicified peat-bed found at Rhynie, and one vascular plant was described in detail under the name of Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani. Further study has shown that there are two species of Rhynia which we now distinguish as Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani and Rhynia major. The account in Part I applies to both these species. Along with them there occurs a plant of similar grade of organisation to Rhynia, though quite distinct from that genus: this we name Hornea Lignieri. Asteroxylon Machiei, on the other hand, which will be described in the next part, was a plant of larger size and much more complex morphology.We are thus now able to establish the existence and main features of four archaic Vascular Cryptogams from the Rhynie bed. In the present paper additional notes on R. Gwynne-Vaughani are given, and R. major and Hornea Lignieri described in detail. In conclusion, the morphological bearings of the facts will be briefly considered.
XXV.—Theoretical Determination of the Longitudinal Seiches of Lake Geneva
Authors: Doodson A. T. , Carey R. M. , Baldwin R. 
Published: January 2013

The theoretical determination of the longitudinal seiches of a lake was reduced by Professor Chrystal to the finding of those solutions of the differential equationwhich vanish at x = 0 and x = a.Here x denotes the area of the surface of the lake from one end up to any transverse section, and ranges from 0 to a, a being the total area of the surface of the lake; p(x) denotes the product of the area of the transverse section at x and its breadth at the free surface; λ=σ2/g, σ being the “speed” of the periodic motion and g the acceleration due to gravity; V denotes the total volume of water which has passed the section up to the time t.
VI.—Metamorphic Correlation in the Polymetamorphic Rocks of the Valla Field Block, Unst, Shetland Islands
Authors: Read H. H. 
Published: January 2013

In my account (Read, 1935) of the metamorphic geology of Unst, in the Shetlands, I have shown that the island is made up of a series of tectonic units separated from one another by dislocations of various kinds. The rocks of most of the units have lengthy metamorphic histories that are different in the different units.This present communication deals with one tectonic unit, the Valla Field Block. The metamorphic history of this block can be divided into three stages, each characterized by the type of pressure-temperature factors operative during it. It is my main purpose here first to give the evidence, derived from the study of the pelitic rocks, on which this subdivision is based, and then to examine the behaviour of the various other rock-types during the three episodes. The results show that the stability of certain minerals depends upon the bulk-composition of the rocks containing them. In polymetamorphism of the Unst type, the minerals cannot be considered apart from the rocks in which they occur—a point of importance for Highland geology in general.
XXIII.—A Revision of the British Idoteidæ, a Family of Marine Isopoda.
Authors: Collinge Walter E. 
Published: January 2013

Many of the earlier accounts of the group of Crustacea, known as Isopoda, suffer from want of more detailed diagnoses and figures. To some extent this has been remedied during recent years by the authors of different monographs, but there are still many families which remain somewhat obscure, or only partially understood, owing to the above-mentioned cause. Such a family is the Idoteidæ.In the present communication I propose to revise the diagnoses of the British genera and species, to set forth in greater detail than has hitherto been done their structure, illustrating the same, and to discuss the classification and affinities of the family as a whole.
I.—On the Developmental Processes in Mammary Glands and other Epidermal Structures
Authors: Balinsky B. I. 
Published: January 2013

Synopsis:The early development of the mammary glands and of hair follicles in the mouse and the rabbit has been investigated by means of mitotic counts, by histochemical methods and by cultivationin vitro. In the first stage of the formation of both types of rudiment a thickening of the epidermis appears as a consequence of an aggregation of cells, not of a local elevation of the mitotic rate. During this stage alkaline phosphatase is absent from the cells and the content of ribose-nucleic acid reduced. Both these substances appear in higher concentrations later, and their relation to processes of growth and differentiation is discussed. Essentially similar phenomena are found in rudiments cultivatedin vitro, which, however, frequently suffer a degeneration by a process of keratinisation.
II.—The Stratigraphy and Palæontology of the Jurassic Rocks of Eathie (Cromarty)
Authors: Waterston Charles D. 
Published: January 2013

Synopsis:The stratigraphical succession of the Jurassic rocks of Eathie (Cromarty) is described and a list of the fossils collected by the writer from the Kimmeridgian beds given. The fauna, which is of mixed Boreal and Mediterranean affinity, shows that the strata belong to the three basal Eo-Kimmeridgian ammonite zones proposed by Spath. The occurrence of an abundant microfauna is recorded and the palæontology of the varied molluscan forms is discussed. Three new lamellibranch species are described. A short account of the Upper Oxfordian beds which outcrop at Bow Buoy Skerry, 1 mile south of Eathie, is given.
III.—On the Cranial Structure of an Early Palæoniscid,Kentuckia, gen. nov.
Authors: Rayner Dorothy H. 
Published: January 2013

Synopsis:Kentuckia, from the basal Carboniferous, is the earliest bony fish in which neurocranium and dermal skeleton are well known. The dermal bones show that it belongs to the central family Palæoniscidæ of Berg. They have no obvious generalised characters, however, and are chiefly distinguished by a deeply embayed hind margin to the skull roof, no dermohyals and an elongated postorbital bone. These features suggest a greater affinity with the few known Devonian types than with those of the Carboniferous.The neurocranium has a considerable likeness to Watson's Kansas Palæoniscids A and B, and confirm Watson's view that this is the fundamental type of actinopterygian cranium.Kentuckiais slightly more generalised than the others in having a paired myodome and a less excavated dorsal surface. The notochord in all three has a long anterior extension like that shown inPteronisculus(Glaucolepis) of the Eo-Trias by Nielsen. This latter fish is similar to the earlier ones if allowance is made for a greater proportion of cartilage. In the discussion reference is also made to the following: the degree of ossification of these fishes, the nature of the cranial fissure and its homologues, the distribution of the third, fourth, fifth and seventh nerves, and the origin of the cranial wall in the orbitotemporal region.Certain additions are made to Watson's account of Palæoniscids A and B, particularly concerning the interior of the braincase. A new form, C, is also described.
V.—Observations on Marsupials in the Royal Scottish Museum, with special reference to the Fœtal Material
Authors: Hill W. C. Osman 
Published: January 2013

Synopsis:A Critical survey is given of the spirit-preserved material of Marsupialia in the Royal Scottish Museum, with special reference to the fœtal stages.Of the crab-eating opossum, 12 mm., 16 mm., 20 mm., 30 mm. and 70 mm. stage pouch-embryos are discussed in detail, and compared with stages already known forD. marswpialis virginianus. A similar series ofDasyurus quoll, varying from 12·2 mm. to 34 mm., is considered, followed by notes on adults of some of the less well-known Dasyuridæ. Three pouch stages are studied in Peramelidæ and comparison made with data in the literature. In the Phalangeridæ fœtal stages ofPseudocheirus lanuginosus, Schoinobates volans, Trichosurus vulpeculaandAcrobates pygmœusare included.Macropodidœare represented byMacropus robustusstages ranging from 16 mm. (3·4 weeks old) to 138·7 mm.
XII.—The Monomyarian Condition in the Lamellibranchia
Authors: Yonge C. M. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisThe Mollusca possess two growth axes associated with the body and the mantle/shell respectively. Evolution of the Lamellibranchia involved assumption by the mantle/shell of responsibility for growth and form; also the formation of anterior and posterior adductors. Change from this dimyarian to a heteromyarian and finally monomyarian condition involved changes in the relations of body and mantle/shell. These are considered with regard to their two major axes in the saggital plane. Although body form may be greatly influenced by changes in that of the mantle/shell, its proportions are only altered where the body is attached by byssus. Then the anterior half may be reduced and the anterior adductor finally lost. This occurs in many Anisomyaria, these monomyarians being divisible into five groups according to habit. Apart from the Limidæ, all are bilaterally asymmetrical. In those which have lost the foot, both axes of the body are effectively lost. Primary pallial attachment is lost but secondary attachment has been achieved in most cases. In the Tridacnidæ (Eulamellibranchia) the mantle/shell has rotated in the saggital plane in relation to the fixed body with resultant loss of the anterior adductor. There is hypertrophy and extension antero-dorsally of the originally posterior siphonal tissues in which zooxanthellæ are contained. Evolution may have proceeded by way of now extinct heteromyarians such asLithocardium. In the freshwaterAcostœa(Mulleria) the anterior adductor is lost during growth following cementation by one or other valve. The form of the body is little affected. Variation and natural selection account for the variety of form and habit exhibited by these diverse monomyarians.
XXI.—Results of Removal and Transplantation of Ovaries.
Authors: Marshall F. H. A. , Jolly W. A. 
Published: January 2013

It is well known that double ovariotomy, when performed prior to puberty, exercises a prejudicial effect not only upon the generative organs but also upon the whole organism. There is, however, some disagreement as to the results of this operation when performed after puberty, and particularly in regard to the occurrence of heat or menstruation.It is the purpose of this paper to adduce further evidence upon this question, as well as to describe experiments the result of which indicates that the nature of the ovarian influence is chemical rather than nervous.
XXIV.—Scottish Tardigrada, collected by the Lake Survey.
Authors: Murray James 
Published: January 2013

In 1905 there was published an account of the Tardigrada collected in the Scottish Lochs by the Lake Survey (6). At that date we were able to name 21 species. The subsequent work of the Survey has enabled us to add a number of species to the list.Moreover, the wanderings of the members of the Survey over every part of Scotland offered an excellent opportunity for the study of the whole Tardigrade Fauna. A recent journey to the Orkney and Shetland Islands added much of interest to our knowledge of Tardigrada, though few of the species found were lacustrine. The work of Mr Wm. Evans in the basin of the Forth has also added much of value to our records of Tardigrada (7), (10).
III.—The Gametophyte of Psilotum
Authors: Darnell-Smith G. P. 
Published: January 2013

Considerable interest attaches to the unravelling of the complete life-history of the Psilotaceæ, since they are apparently the nearest living representatives of the Sphenophyllales.The recent description of the gametophyte of Tmesipteris by Prof. Lawson, whose figures 1 had the privilege of seeing before they went to press, and the discovery of the gametophyte of Psilotum, which is the subject of the present paper, form a first contribution to the solution of this problem. It is of some interest to note that there remains now no Pteridophyte the gametophyte of which has not been described.In the early part of this research I was fortunate in finding a locality near at hand in which Psilotum flourished, and therefore I had at my disposal abundance of spores and later numerous prothalli.
I.—Trilobites from the confinis Flags (Ordovician) of the Girvan District, Ayrshire.
Authors: Tripp Ronald Pearson 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisThree new genera and seventeen new species of trilobites from the Flags with Valcourea confinis (Salter) of the Girvan District are described and named, and thirty-six species are figured. The genera constitute a normal Middle Ordovician assemblage for the Girvan District; none of the species is known elsewhere. There is a close resemblance to the fauna of the Lower Edinburg Formation of the Appalachian Valley of the U.S.A., and many of the generic stocks are known earlier only from the Chazy and Lincolnshire Formations of North America.
V.—Further Observations on the Margin of the Laxfordian Complex of the Lewisian near Loch Laxford, Sutherland
Authors: Sutton J. , Watson Janet 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisThe paper is concerned with one of the marginal parts of the Laxfordian complex of the Lewisian of north-western Scotland where the older Scourian complex (c. 2500 million years) was reactivated during the Laxfordian orogeny (c. 1600 million years). The effects of Laxfordian deformation are discussed with reference to the distortion of Scourian structures and post-Scourian dolerite dykes and to the orientation of newly-developed structures. The arrangement of structures N.E. of the Laxfordian metamorphic front is thought to result from rotation of pre-existing planar elements during compression on north-east-south-west lines, without the development of very large folds. The connection between the style and arrangement of Laxfordian structures and the metamorphic state of the rocks at the time of deformation is illustrated with reference to both local and regional variations, and some implications of the regional changes in the structural pattern are discussed.
XVI.—Metamorphism of Tertiary Lavas in Strathaird, Skye
Authors: Almond D. C. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisIn Strathaird, Tertiary lavas occupy an area of about 7 square miles and are up to 1000 ft. thick. Most of the sequence consists of alkaline olivine basalts but there is also a flow of trachybasalt and a thin group of picritic lavas. Pyroclastic rocks are rare.The area lies along the south-eastern margin of the Cuillin gabbro and thermal metamorphism is evident to a varying degree over the whole of the lava outcrop. In the immediate vicinity of the gabbro the lavas have been recrystallized to pyroxene-bearing hornfelses, and these rocks are followed outwards by a broader zone characterized by the presence of actinolite, chlorite, albite and epidote. In the outermost of the three zones, which extends for at least 3 miles from the gabbro, thermal effects are limited to the local growth of chlorite, albite and epidote. When compared with Turner's (1958) scheme of metamorphic facies the inner zone is equivalent to the pyroxene hornfels and sanidinite facies whereas the two outer zones form subdivisions of the albite-epidote hornfels facies. The hornblende hornfels facies appears to be only poorly represented by a few hornfelses found on the outer boundary of the inner zone.The metamorphism was not progressive since the mineral assemblages of each zone developed independently from unmodified lavas. There is evidence that a small amount of silica was added to some of the inner zone lavas during metamorphism.Eight new chemical analyses of metamorphosed basalts are presented, together with one new analysis of a metamorphosed bole.
Lower Carboniferous pteridosperm cupules and the origin of angiosperms
Authors: Long Albert G. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisFour new petrified specimens of cupules assigned toHydraspermacf.tenuisLong are described from the Cementstone Group of Oxroad Bay, East Lothian. In one of these specimens four ovules are present. Three of the specimens are interpreted as representing a pair of cupules derived from a single megasporophyll showing dichotomy so that each cupule is termed a hemi-cupule and has two lobed halves which represent quarters of the entire megasporophyll. In the fourth specimen five cupules are present, each possessing two lobed halves not sub-divided into quarters.Hydraspermais thus interpreted as showing two kinds of cupules designated mega-cupules and paired hemi-cupules. The theory is developed that angiosperm carpels have evolved from the two kinds of pteridosperm cupules.
Correlation of middle and upper Proterozoic strata of the northern rim of the North Atlantic craton
Authors: Young Grant M. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisOn the western and eastern sides of the North Atlantic craton, rocks between about 1·7 b.y. and 1·2 b.y. old are represented by thick basinal assemblages. Thin platformal successions cover the intervening region. The clastic component of these rocks was largely derived from the southeast where the Elsonian orogen might have been an important source terrane. Widespread mafic igneous activity (about 1·2 b.y. ago) in the central platformal region preceded orogenic movements in the basinal areas (Racklan-Carolinidian-Grenville orogeny). The Grenville orogen may have contributed significant amounts of clastic debris for a second cycle of sedimentary accumulation(∼ 1·2 b.y.–∼ 0·8 b.y.). The upper part of this cycle typically contains red beds and evaporites and, in the North American Cordillera, shows evidence of contemporaneous block faulting and extensional tectonism. These movements culminated in the East Kootenay and Hayhook orogenies and ushered in a third period of deposition about 850 m.y. ago. The third sequence includes glaciogenic rocks in the Cordilleran and East Greenland geosynclines. The basic geotectonic elements (platforms and geosynclines) of the North Atlantic craton were established as much as 1·7 b.y. ago, but continental fragmentation on the borders of the craton may not have taken place until early Phanerozoic times.
XVII.—The Metamorphic Rocks of Kintyre
Authors: McCallien William J. 
Published: January 2013

The greater part of Kintyre is composed of metamorphic rocks. For the study of these rocks it is convenient to divide the peninsula into three separate areas as follows:—A. Northern Kintyre.B. The south-western corner of the peninsula.C. A triangular area stretching from Campbeltown Loch southward (fig. 1).A. With the exception of a few isolated patches of Palæozoic sandstones, conglomerates, and lavas, and igneous rocks of several ages, Northern Kintyre is composed of sedimentary schists and grits, metamorphic limestones, and schistose igneous rocks which, as a rule, are associated with the limestones.
I.—Further Observations on the Scottish Carboniferous Eurypterids
Authors: Waterston Charles D. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisA series of specimens from the Scottish Limestone Coal Group (Lower Namurian) is described, among which occurs Adelophthalmus cf. wilsoni (Woodward) from West Lothian, a group of specimens from the No. 2 Ironstone of Loanhead, Midlothian, one of which is recognized as belonging to the new species Mycterops (?) blairi, and a prosomal appendage from Lanarkshire which is referred to the genus Hibbertopterus. New evidence is presented on the nature of the prosomal appendages of Eurypterus (?) stevensoni R. Etheridge jr. which is designated the type species of the new genus Dunsopterus. The Coal Measures species Glyptoscorpius minutisculptus Peach is recognized as an eurypterid for which the new genus Vernonopterus is created. The systematics of these and other late palaeozoic genera which have been included by Kjellesvig-Waering (1966) in the families Woodwardopteridae and Hibbertopteridae are discussed.
2.—Palynological Correlations within the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland and Northern England
Authors: Neves R. , Gueinn K. J. , Clayton G. , Ioannides N. S. , Neville R. S. W. , Kruszewska K. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisThis paper provides a comprehensive account of the distribution of miospore species which are considered to be stratigraphically significant in the Dinantian (Calciferous Sandstone Measures and Lower Limestone Group) of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Five miospore concurrent range zones are recognised in these beds:Tripartites vetustus—Rotaspora fracta (VF) ZoneRaistrickia nigra—Triquitrites marginatus (NM) ZonePerotrilites tessellatus—Schulzospora campyloptera (TC) ZoneLycospora pusilla (Pu) ZoneSchopfites claviger—Auroraspora macra (CM) ZoneThe distribution of these zones in the sections studied provides a method of correlation in a series of rocks, which are largely of non-marine origin and notable for their lack of stratigraphically useful macrofossils and for marked variations in facies and thickness. The zones have also been proved in sections of Lower Carboniferous rocks in the Northumbrian trough, thereby providing a potential method of correlation between the two areas.Two new genera, Colatisporites and Biannulatisphaerites, are described and one Tricidarisporites emended. Fifteen new species and one new type are described, three species recombined and three emended. Representative assemblages of the miospore zones are illustrated.
3.—The Cytology of the Parthenogenetic Australian Weevil Listroderes costirostris Schönh
Authors: Sanderson Ann R. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisKaryograms prepared from ovarian and blastoderm cells of the parthenogenetic Australian Brown Vegetable Weevil demonstrate a consistent triploid condition with 30 chromosomes which can be grouped into 10 sets of homologues. Meiosis is replaced by a single mitotic-like division in which 30 univalent chromosomes, each composed of two chromatids, divide equationally between an ootid nucleus and a single polar nucleus. Prior to the differentiation of the oocytes a peculiar bouquet stage occurs in the cells of the end chamber of each ovariole, but the significance of this phase is not known. Arrested development in eggs from individuals of low fertility is investigated and the relationship of body size and chromosome number is discussed.
5.—Additional Cytotaxonomic Notes on the Pteridophytes of Jamaica
Authors: Walker Trevor G. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisCytological results are presented for 60 taxa of Jamaican ferns which supplement information obtained from an earlier survey (Walker 1966). A number of hybrids which form local populations and which may be mistaken for fertile species are described and illustrated. Some species complexes are examined and shown to be more extensive than previously thought. The results presented here are examined in the light of the findings of the earlier survey.