bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in S‐phase cell‐cycle arrest induced by Furazolidone in human hepatoma G2 cells
Authors: Sun Yu , Tang Shusheng , Jin Xi , Zhang Chaoming , Zhao Wenxia , Xiao Xilong 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTGiven the previously described essential role for the p38 mitogen‐activation protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway in human hepatoma G2 cells (HepG2), we undertook the present study to investigate the role of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in cell‐cycle arrest induced by Furazolidone (FZD). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of FZD on HepG2 cells by activating and inhibiting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The cell cycle and proliferation of HepG2 cells treated with FZD were detected by flow cytometry and MTT assay in the presence or absence of p38 MAPK inhibitors (SB203580), respectively. Cyclin D1, cyclin D3 and CDK6 were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot analysis. Our data showed that p38 MAPK became phosphorylated after stimulation with FZD. Activation of p38 MAPK could arise S‐phase cell‐cycle arrest and suppress cell proliferation. Simultaneously, inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway significantly prevented S‐phase cell‐cycle arrest, increased the percentage of cell viability and decreased the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D3 and CDK6. These results demonstrated that FZD arose S‐phase cell‐cycle arrest via activating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. Cyclin D1, cyclin D3 and CDK6 are target genes functioning at the downstream of p38 MAPK in HepG2 cells induced by FZD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical testing of a new testate amoeba‐based transfer function for water‐table depth reconstruction on ombrotrophic peatlands in north‐eastern Canada and Maine, United States
Authors: Amesbury Matthew J. , Mallon Gunnar , Charman Dan J. , Hughes Paul D. M. , Booth Robert K. , Daley Timothy J. , Garneau Michelle 
Published: October 2012

AbstractProxy reconstructions of climatic parameters developed using transfer functions are central to the testing of many palaeoclimatic hypotheses on Holocene timescales. However, recent work shows that the mathematical models underpinning many existing transfer functions are susceptible to spatial autocorrelation, clustered training set design and the uneven sampling of environmental gradients. This may result in over‐optimistic performance statistics or, in extreme cases, a lack of predictive power. A new testate amoeba‐based transfer function is presented that fully incorporates the new recommended statistical tests to address these issues. Leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, the most commonly applied method in recent studies to assess model performance, produced over‐optimistic performance statistics for all models tested. However, the preferred model, developed using weighted averaging with tolerance downweighting, retained a predictive capacity equivalent to other published models even when less optimistic performance statistics were chosen. Application of the new statistical tests in the development of transfer functions provides a more thorough assessment of performance and greater confidence in reconstructions based on them. Only when the wider research community have sufficient confidence in transfer function‐based proxy reconstructions will they be commonly used in data comparison and palaeoclimate modelling studies of broader scientific relevance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Releasing Control: Parents on Vacation
Authors: Ram Yael , Uriely Natan , Malach‐Pines Ayala 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe paper examines the family vacation phenomenon by comparing parents on vacation (n = 203) with parents during daily life (n = 246) in terms of two psychological constructs: regulatory focus and parenting style. Results revealed that parents in both samples were similar in their ‘regulatory focus of promotion’ (need for challenges) and ‘parenting styles’ (permissive and authoritarian), but parents on vacation scored lower on both need for security (‘regulatory focus of prevention’) and authoritative ‘parenting style’. The findings suggest that parents, especially mothers, view family vacation as an opportunity to relax and release parental control. The findings' theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature Evolution During Processing of Thick‐Walled Anionic Polyamide 6 Composites: Experiment and Simulation
Authors: Teuwen Julie J. E. , van Geenen Ab A. , Bersee Harald E. N. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA 1‐D through‐the‐thickness transient heat transfer model is built to simulate the curing process of thick‐walled glass‐fibre‐reinforced anionic polyamide‐6 (APA‐6) composites. The temperature and the degree of polymerisation through the thickness of the composite are calculated and compared to the experimentally obtained results. The kinetic models describing the polymerisation behaviour of APA‐6 are implemented in the model. The kinetic model not taking into account the convection in the polymerisation process shows the best results. It is found that the predicted temperature profiles agree well with the experimental data. magnified image
Living Radical Polymerization and Molecular Imprinting: Improving Polymer Morphology in Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Salian Vishal D. , Byrne Mark E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLiving radical polymerization (LRP) techniques and their ability to improve the morphology of crosslinked polymer networks by controlling polymer chain growth are reviewed. Recent successes in the creation of improved molecularly imprinted polymer networks are also discussed. LRP offers the ability to control molecular weight, polydispersity, and tacticity while reducing microgel formation in polymers created via free‐radical polymerization (FRP). The improved network architecture of polymers created via LRP has great potential, especially when considering imprinted networks which have traditionally been plagued by heterogeneity in network morphology and binding affinities. Using LRP can considerably improve template recognition and further delay template transport in imprinted polymers. magnified image
Orientability of the Minor Director of Homeotropically Aligned Smectic‐A Elastomers in External Mechanical Fields
Authors: Brömmel Felicitas , Kramer Dominic , Brown Benjamin P. , Finkelmann Heino , Hoffmann Anke 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe present studies on bulk smectic‐A copolymer networks with end‐on attached homeotropically oriented mesogens that show spontaneous optical biaxiality at room temperature. Orthoscopic and conoscopic investigations under uniaxial extension in the layer planes give first evidence of the orientability of the minor director in mechanical fields yielding biaxial monodomains with 3‐d orientational long‐range order of all three principle axes. This is an important step towards the synthesis of permanently oriented biaxial monodomain elastomers for which highly interesting mechanical and optical properties are expected.
Kinetic Analysis of A2 + AB2 Polymerization Approach
Authors: Zhou Zhiping , Wang Jingjing , Yan Deyue 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe kinetic model of the co‐polycondensation with A2 and AB2 type monomers is developed and the analytical expressions of the various molecular parameters of the products are derived rigorously. The monomer feed ratio (α) of A2 to AB2 significantly affects the molecular parameters and the critical condition of gelation. Gelation can be avoided if α is >$1 + \sqrt {3} /2$. At the critical state, the degree of branching decreases firstly and reaches its minimum value at about α≈0.22. Then, it increases with increasing α‐value. In comparison with experimental results, non‐equal reactivity of the active groups should be considered. magnified image
Survival of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in the presence of Acanthamoeba castellanii and its dependence on Pho regulon
Authors: Chekabab Samuel Mohammed , Daigle France , Charette Steve J. , Dozois Charles M. , Harel Josée 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEnterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are involved in outbreaks of food‐borne illness and transmitted to humans through bovine products or water contaminated by cattle feces. Microbial interaction is one of the strategies used by pathogenic bacteria to survive in the environment. Among protozoa, the free‐living amoebae are known to host and protect several water‐borne pathogens. In this study, the interaction between EHEC and the predacious protozoa Acanthamoeba castellanii was investigated. Using monoculture and cocultures, growth of both organisms was estimated for 3 weeks by total and viable cell counts. The numbers of EHEC were significantly higher when cultured with amoebae than without, and less EHEC shifted into a viable but nonculturable state in the presence of amoebae. Using several mutants, we observed that the Pho regulon is required for EHEC growth when cocultured with amoebae. In contrast, the Shiga toxins (Stx) were not involved in this association phenotype. Cocultures monitored by electron microscopy revealed a loss of the regular rod shape of EHEC and the secretion of multilamellar vesicles by the amoebae, which did not contain bacteria. As the interaction between A. castellanii and EHEC appears beneficial for bacterial growth, this supports a potential role for protozoa in promoting the persistence of EHEC in the environment.
Theoretical Analysis of Fas Ligand‐Induced Apoptosis with an Ordinary Differential Equation Model
Authors: Shi Zhimin , Li Yan , Liu Zhihai , Mi Jun , Wang Renxiao 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUpon the treatment of Fas ligand, different types of cells exhibit different apoptotic mechanisms, which are determined by a complex network of biological pathways. In order to derive a quantitative interpretation of the cell sensitivity and apoptosis pathways, we have developed an ordinary differential equation model. Our model is intended to include all of the known major components in apoptosis pathways mediated by Fas receptor. It is composed of 29 equations using a total of 49 rate constants and 13 protein concentrations. All parameters used in our model were derived through nonlinear fitting to experimentally measured concentrations of four selected proteins in Jurkat T‐cells, including caspase‐3, caspase‐8, caspase‐9, and Bid. Our model is able to correctly interpret the role of kinetic parameters and protein concentrations in cell sensitivity to FasL. It reveals the possible reasons for the transition between type‐I and type‐II pathways and also provides some interesting predictions, such as the more decisive role of Fas over Bax in apoptosis pathway and a possible feedback mechanism between type‐I and type‐II pathways. But our model failed in predicting FasL‐induced apoptotic mechanism of NCI‐60 cells from their gene‐expression levels. Limitations in our model are also discussed.
Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Mediated by TEMPO at Low Temperature
Authors: Montezuma German G. C. , Contant Sheila , Lona Liliane Maria Ferrareso 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNMRP is a controlled polymerization technique with the ability to produce polymers with a highly controlled microstructure. The properties of the thus obtained polymers make it desirable to scale this technique to an industrial level, but there are still some challenges to be faced, e.g., to develop emulsion NMRP at low temperatures (lower than about 100 °C) with inexpensive, commercially available nitroxides such as TEMPO. Here, the emulsion NMRP of styrene using TEMPO at temperatures lower than 100 °C is described. An optimal control of molecular weights and polydispersities and a fast polymerization rate are obtained. magnified image
Rheological and electrical analysis in carbon nanofiber reinforced polypropylene composites
Authors: Paleo Antonio J. , Silva J. , van Hattum F. W. J. , Lanceros‐Méndez Senentxu , Ares A. I. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo different types of carbon nanofibers (CNF) were incorporated in the same polypropylene (PP) matrix by twin‐screw extrusion. The electrical characterization of both CNFs/PP composites as a function of volume fraction show different electrical performance: conducting and nonconducting. The objective of this work is to study the rheological behavior of both composites with the aim of relating it to the electrical behavior. The results indicate that the rheological behaviors are different, suggesting that rheology differentiates the microstructural variations responsible for the electrical performance. Furthermore, the main rheological parameters were correlated to the electrical conductivity. The results show that G′/G″ and G′ are the most sensitive parameters when compared with the onset of electrical percolation. Finally, in spite of the intrinsic measuring differences between electrical and rheological analysis, the two calculated thresholds are very similar: ∼0.5 for the rheological and ∼0.4 for the electrical. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Chemotherapy and cognitive complaints in women with breast cancer
Authors: Pullens Marleen J. J. , De Vries Jolanda , Van Warmerdam Laurence J. C. , Van De Wal Marieke A. , Roukema Jan A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundResults of existing studies are inconclusive concerning the relationship between chemotherapy and subjective cognitive functioning (SCF). The aim of this study was to evaluate SCF of breast cancer (BC) patients and to find predictors of impaired SCF. Both satisfaction and frequency of complaints about SCF were measured.MethodsBC patients who were about to receive chemotherapy (N = 74) and patients with a benign breast disease (BBD) (N = 63) participated. Before chemotherapy started (Time 1) and 3 months after ending chemotherapy (and at comparable moments for the BBD group) (Time 2), women completed validated questionnaires concerning the frequency of complaints and satisfaction with SCF, fatigue, perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms.ResultsNo differences were found between the BBD and BC patients concerning the frequency of complaints about SCF across time. Satisfaction with SCF decreased across time in BC patients but remained stable across time in BBD patients (p < 0.001; p = 0.003 after controlling for state anxiety and perceived stress). Correlation coefficients between the satisfaction and the frequency of complaints about SCF ranged between −0.26 and −0.49. Depressive symptoms and satisfaction with SCF (Time 1) predicted the frequency of complaints about SCF (Time 2). Diagnosis, frequency of complaints about SCF, and state anxiety (Time 1) predicted satisfaction with SCF (Time 2).ConclusionsBC patients do not differ in the frequency of complaints about SCF compared with BBD patients, but their satisfaction with SCF decreased after treatment. Psychological factors predicted the frequency of complaints about SCF. Psychological factors and diagnosis predicted satisfaction with SCF.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Discharge Parameters and Surface Characteristics on Ambient‐Gas Plasma Disinfection
Authors: Pavlovich Matthew J. , Chen Zhi , Sakiyama Yukinori , Clark Douglas S. , Graves David B. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAmbient‐gas plasma, or plasma created from air at ambient conditions, has been studied as a means of disinfecting surfaces. However, the parameters that determine the effectiveness of plasma disinfection are not well understood. We report results from surface disinfection experiments and determine the characteristics that are responsible for the antimicrobial effect against the model bacterium Escherichia coli. Our results suggest that neutral reactive species are more influential in surface disinfection than charged particles. In addition, non‐biological surfaces are easier to disinfect than pig skin. Air plasma performed comparably to conventional antiseptics, indicating that ambient‐gas plasma treatment could be a promising strategy for both clinical and community infection control. magnified image
Life Course Preferences, Sibling Ties, and the Geographical Dispersion of Sibling Networks
Authors: Blaauboer Marjolein , Strömgren Magnus , Stjernström Olof 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTUsing Swedish register data, we analyse how life course preferences and sibling ties are related to the geographical dispersion of siblings. We argue that life course preferences and sibling ties are influenced by siblings' sociodemographic characteristics, by similarities and differences between them, and by their family background. The measurement of geographical dispersion, the nearest neighbour index, allows us to go beyond dyadic relationships and investigate entire networks. Results from the OLS regression analysis show that life course preferences are related to the dispersion of siblings and that differences between siblings are associated with a greater geographical dispersion than similarities are. Sibling ties developed during childhood also seem to be associated with the dispersion of sibling networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of shock wave compression on double wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mases Mattias , Milyavskiy Vladimir V. , Waldbock Jeremy , Dossot Manuel , Devaux Xavier , McRae Edward , Soldatov Alexander V. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDouble wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have proven to have a very good structural stability when exposed to high static pressures. We report here on the study of DWCNTs after application of shock wave (dynamic) compression up to 36 GPa in a recovery assembly. TEM images of so‐treated samples reveal a threshold between 19 and 26 GPa of shock wave compression above which significant structural damage is induced whereas only minor damage can be detected below. The threshold detected with TEM coincides well with the collapse pressure of DWCNTs previously reported [You et al., High Press. Res. 31, 186 (2011); Aguiar et al., Phys. Chem. C 115, 5378 (2011)]. Raman data demonstrate a gradual accumulation of structural defects via an increase in D‐band to G‐band intensity ratio (ID/IG‐ratio) from ∼0.2 to ∼0.8 in going from the source CNT material to the nanotubes after compression to 36 GPa. Despite severe damage; the DWCNTs exposed to 36 GPa of shock wave compression survived which is evidenced by Raman spectra. The DWCNTs demonstrate a higher susceptibility to structural damage under dynamic than static pressure.
Elastic moduli of η‐Ta2N3, a tough self‐healing material, via laser ultrasonics
Authors: Zerr Andreas , Chigarev Nikolay , Brinza Ovidiu , Nikitin Sergey M. , Lomonosov Alexey M. , Gusev Vitalyi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe elastic moduli of the dense polycrystalline oxygen‐bearing η‐Ta2N3, a novel hard and tough high‐pressure (HP) material, were measured using the laser ultrasonic technique. The bulk modulus was determined to be B0 = 281(15) GPa which is only ∼11% below that from HP compression measurements. Our value of the shear modulus G0 = 123(2) GPa is below those ones predicted theoretically for model structures. The discrepancies in G0 could be due to a substitution of an‐ ions and the formation of cation vacancies in η‐Ta2N3. Self‐healing behaviour of η‐Ta2N3 by mechanical polishing was observed and confirmed by two independent experimental methods. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comments on ‘The influence of rotational frontogenesis and its associated shearwise vertical motions on the development of an upper‐level front’ by A. A. Lang and J. E. Martin (January A, 2010, 136: 239–252)
Authors: Schultz David M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo previous studies by Rotunno et al. (1994, J. Atmos. Sci. 51: 3373–3398) and Schultz and Doswell (1999, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 125: 2535–2562) offer conflicting views on the origin of geostrophic cold‐air advection that is sometimes present during upper‐level frontogenesis. Although Lang and Martin (2010) claim to reconcile these two studies, this comment offers four reasons why reconciliation is not possible. First, the necessary calculations to compare the tilting frontogenesis term to the horizontal frontogenesis terms are not performed. Second, the thermal‐advection tendency or isentrope‐orientation tendency in the region of the developing cold‐air advection is not calculated. Third, previous studies showing that the vertical terms in these diagnostics are likely associated with warm‐air advection, not cold‐air advection, are not disproven. This fact also may explain the predominance of relatively weak geostrophic thermal advection in climatologies of upper‐level fronts. Fourth, concerns are raised about some of the statements made in Lang and Martin (2010). These comments also fix an error in Eq. (11) in Schultz and Doswell (1999). Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Weighted essentially non‐oscillatory scheme for cloud edge problem
Authors: Baba Yuya , Takahashi Keiko 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) scheme is applied to a cloud‐resolving model and is used for the cloud edge problem. Validity is tested using three idealized experiments and the results are compared with those of recent flux‐corrected transport (FCT) schemes. In all three experiments, the WENO scheme simulates the energy properties of cloud edges better than the FCT schemes do. Because the WENO scheme can capture cloud edge more sharply, the buoyancy of the cloud edge is simulated without numerical diffusion. The increased buoyancy also causes enhancement of the convection cycle in deep convection through the cold pool, which is formed below the convective cell. This fact indicates that underestimations of convection strengths can be avoided using the WENO scheme.
Validation of Met Office upper stratospheric and mesospheric analyses
Authors: Long D. J. , Jackson D. R. , Thuburn J. , Mathison C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe accuracy of Met Office middle atmospheric analyses is investigated via direct validation against observational temperature data from two independent satellite instruments. A climatology of monthly zonal mean temperature biases from January 2005 to December 2010 is presented. For analyses produced before October 2009 there is a consistent cold bias of ∼30–40 K in the polar winter lower mesosphere, suggestive that gravity wave forcing in this region is too weak. Such cold biases are accompanied by smaller‐magnitude cold biases in the opposing summer hemisphere, most likely associated with compensating warm biases from an insufficient gravity wave‐driven circulation and cold biases resulting from deficiencies in radiative heating due to the operational ozone climatology. For analyses produced after October 2009, where the model lid was raised to include the upper mesosphere, cold biases in the winter lower mesosphere are reduced. However, systematic warm biases of ∼40–60 K in the summer upper mesosphere again suggest that gravity wave forcing within the operational system is underestimated. The absence of cold biases in the winter upper mesosphere also suggests that radiative errors contribute significantly in this region.