bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best practices for achieving consensus in HER2‐low expression in breast cancer: current perspectives from practising pathologists
Authors: Tozbikian Gary , Bui Marilyn M. , Hicks David G , Jaffer Shabnam , Khoury Thaer , Wen Hannah Y , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Wei Shi 
Published: July 2024

AimsHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is an important biomarker in breast cancer (BC). Most BC cases categorised as HER2‐negative (HER2−) express low levels of HER2 [immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1+ or IHC 2+/in‐situ hybridisation not amplified (ISH−)] and represent a clinically relevant therapeutic category that is amenable to targeted therapy using a recently approved HER2‐directed antibody–drug conjugate. A group of practising pathologists, with expertise in breast pathology and BC biomarker testing, outline best practices and guidance for achieving consensus in HER2 IHC scoring for BC.Methods and resultsThe authors describe current knowledge and challenges of IHC testing and scoring of HER2‐low expressing BC and provide best practices and guidance for accurate identification of BCs expressing low levels of HER2. These expert pathologists propose an algorithm for assessing HER2 expression with validated IHC assays and incorporate the 2023 American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologist guideline update. The authors also provide guidance on when to seek consensus for HER2 IHC scoring, how to incorporate HER2‐low into IHC reporting and present examples of HER2 IHC staining, including challenging cases.ConclusionsAwareness of BC cases that are negative for HER protein overexpression/gene amplification and the related clinical relevance for targeted therapy highlight the importance of accurate HER2 IHC scoring for optimal treatment selection.
DLX6‐AS1 regulates odonto/osteogenic differentiation in dental pulp cells under the control of BMP9 via the miR‐128‐3p/MAPK14 axis: A laboratory investigation
Authors: Liu Liu , Fang Tongfeng , Miao Cheng , Li Xiangfen , Zeng Yanglin , Wang Tianyi , Cao Yubin , Huang Dingming , Song Dongzhe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThe regenerative capacity of dental pulp relies on the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs), but dynamic microenvironmental changes hinder the process. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) promotes differentiation of DPCs towards an odonto/osteogenic lineage, forming dentinal‐like tissue. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its action remains unclear. This study investigates the role of DLX6 antisense RNA 1 (DLX6‐AS1) in odonto/osteogenic differentiation induced by BMP9.MethodologyCustom RT2 profiler PCR array, quantitative Real‐Time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blots were used to investigate the expression pattern of DLX6‐AS1 and its potential signal axis. Osteogenic ability was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red S staining. Interactions between lncRNA and miRNA, as well as miRNA and mRNA, were predicted through bioinformatic assays, which were subsequently validated via RNA immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase reporter assays. Student's t‐test or one‐way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey HSD tests were employed for data analysis, with a p‐value of less than .05 considered statistically significant.ResultsDLX6‐AS1 was upregulated upon BMP9 overexpression in DPCs, thereby promoting odonto/osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, miR‐128‐3p participated in BMP9‐induced odonto/osteogenic differentiation by interacting with the downstream signal MAPK14. Modifying the expression of miR‐128‐3p and transfecting pcMAPK14/siMAPK14 had a rescue impact on odonto/osteogenic differentiation downstream of DLX6‐AS1. Lastly, miR‐128‐3p directly interacted with both MAPK14 and DLX6‐AS1.ConclusionsDLX6‐AS1 could regulate the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of DPCs under the control of BMP9 through the miR‐128‐3p/MAPK14 axis.
The meaning of seeking help: The effects of ascribed and achieved status of the help‐seeker on observer attributions, expectations, and willingness to offer help
Authors: Halabi Samer , Chernyak‐Hai Lily , Nadler Arie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch indicates that sometimes people rely on limited sources of information when judging a person or group. Unable to see the “whole picture,” they, usually unconsciously, often fill in missing pieces of information themselves. Ascribed and achieved status dimensions assist in the process of social perception. Drawing on recent research on intergroup helping and focusing on evaluations of potential helpers, this research investigates inferences and attributions made by observers and their willingness to offer help while considering the effects of ascribed and achieved status dimensions of the help‐seeker. We conducted a pilot study and two additional studies exploring the implications of this link in real‐life settings. Our findings indicate that seeking help may be viewed as a sign of insufficient effort, particularly for individuals characterized by low ascribed and achieved status dimensions, and, thus, as stigma‐consistent behavior. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
Acceptability and perceived benefits of validated pruritus assessment instruments in the dermatological office and clinic: The perspectives of patients and physicians
Authors: Pereira M. P. , Zeidler C. , Szymczak H. , Bischoff C. , Tsianakas A. , Ständer S. , Apfelbacher C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSeveral patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been developed for research to assess the multiple dimensions of chronic pruritus (CP). The acceptability and perceived benefits of their use in clinical practice remain unknown.ObjectivesTo assess the acceptability and perceived benefits of validated PROMs from the perspective of patients and physicians in dermatological offices and clinics.MethodsPatients with CP due to atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, chronic prurigo or chronic urticaria were recruited at 10 dermatological offices and two dermatological clinics in Germany. Patients completed a set of validated PROMs on pruritus intensity (numerical rating scale, NRS), symptom control (itch‐controlled days, ItchCD), quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index, DLQI; 5‐pruritus life quality, 5PLQ) and general health status (EuroQol, EQ‐VAS). Acceptability (relevance, difficulty of completion, length) and benefits (usefulness, feasibility) of these tools were assessed on a NRS (0–10) by patients and physicians, respectively. Data were analysed descriptively. Linear regression was used to study potential associations between age, sex, occupation, office versus clinic, change of therapy and physician‐reported benefits.ResultsN = 523 patients (46% male, average age: 53.5 years) participated. Acceptability of PROMs by patients was high, indicated by low difficulty (Md = 0, IQR = 0–1 for all PROMs) and high relevance (Md = 8, IQR = 4–10 for all PROMs). Also, most patients (89–95%) rated length of the questionnaires as ‘exactly right’. Physicians rated the NRS as the most beneficial instrument (feasibility: Md = 8, IQR = 6–10; usefulness: Md = 9, IQR = 7–10). Hierarchical linear regression revealed that only recruitment site (dermatological office vs. clinic) was significantly associated with usefulness and feasibility (higher ratings for clinical context; βs = 0.149–0.258, ps <0.05; except feasibility for EQ5d, β = ns).ConclusionsPROMs are welcomed by patients, while physicians consider instruments measuring pruritus intensity and impairment of quality of life as beneficial for the clinical routine. Widespread implementation of PROMs in daily clinical work is needed to improve care.
Restriction of visits to neonatal intensive care units in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Cigdem Zerrin , Guler Selver , Yavas Celik Melike 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study, it examine how visits to neonatal intensive care units were made during the COVID‐19 process and how mothers were affected by this process.MethodsIn this phenomenological study, interviews were conducted with semi‐structured questions and face‐to‐face interviews with the participants. While collecting the data, both observation and interview techniques were used. A content analysis technique was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe findings of the study were gathered under two themes: ‘mothers' recommendations about visits in neonatal intensive care units’ and ‘mothers' fear of transmitting COVID‐19’.ConclusionAs a result, visitor restrictions implemented during the pandemic period hurt on newborns. During the pandemic period, visitor restrictions were imposed in neonatal intensive care units around the world. Unfortunately, in our study, it was determined that this restriction was made. This situation may have adversely affected the mother‐infant attachment and the growth and development of the baby and may have led to irreversible problems. Therefore, newborn nurses should give more importance to mother‐infant interaction and continue their treatment and care without separating infants from their mothers.
The mirage of a “paradox” of dehumanization: How to affirm the reality of dehumanization
Authors: Kronfeldner Maria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper argues that the so‐called ‘paradox’ of dehumanization is a mirage arising from misplaced abstraction. The alleged ‘paradox’ is taken as a challenge that arises from a skeptical stance. After reviewing the history of that skeptical stance, it is reconstructed as an argument with two premises. With the help of an epistemologically structured but pluralistic frame it is then shown how the two premises of the Skeptic's argument can both be debunked. As part of that it emerges that there are a couple of ways how dehumanization can be realized, and one such realization can be sufficient for affirming the reality of dehumanization for a specific case.
Critical reflection in team‐based practice: A narrative review
Authors: Edelist Tracey , Friesen Farah , Ng Stella , Fernandez Nicolas , Bélisle Marilou , Lechasseur Kathleen , Rochette Annie , Vachon Brigitte , Caty Marie‐Ève 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionResearch on critical reflection (a process of recognising and challenging assumptions that frame health care practice) has demonstrated strong potential for making health care more collaborative and equitable, yet its enactment within team‐based health care remains underexplored. We conducted a narrative review to advance understanding of how critical reflection develops, occurs in and impacts team‐based practice and care.MethodsWe searched three databases (Medline, CINAHL and Scopus) for articles related to the concepts of critical reflection and/or critically reflective practice in the context of team‐based health care and examined how teams engage with those theoretical concepts, to inform ideas for a new approach to support critically reflective practice.FindingsThe search identified 974 citations of which nine articles showed elements of critical reflection in team‐based practice. However, since only one of the nine included articles explicitly used the term ‘critical reflection’ in their research, critical reflection as a theoretical concept was found to be largely missing from the current team‐based health care literature. Instead, aspects of critical reflection were evident in terms of challenging power hierarchies and questioning practice assumptions through dialogue, with a goal of collaborative practice. This sharing of knowledge and skills allowed teams to push boundaries and innovate together in practice. The included articles also emphasised the importance of creating a purposeful environment for open dialogue and practice change to occur.ConclusionTo support equitable care through collaborative practices, we suggest dialogue as and for critical reflection should be explicitly developed and researched within team‐based health care.
Priority analysis of educational needs for new nurses in the intensive care unit: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chang Sung Ok , Chaung Seung‐Kyo , Sohng Kyeong‐Yae , Kim Kyunghee , Won Jongsoon , Choi Min‐Jung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNew intensive care unit (ICU) nurses often experience stress because of concerns about potentially harming their patients in a work environment that demands the rapid development of several skills in a limited training period.AimThis study aimed to investigate the prioritisation of educational needs within adult ICUs, focusing on how new nurses evaluate their current knowledge and perceive the most critical competencies.Study DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of 102 new ICU nurses in general and tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Educational needs were assessed using a structured questionnaire for new ICU nurses. This study investigated educational needs using paired t‐tests, Borich's assessment model and the Locus for Focus model.ResultsOnly 48% of participants were satisfied with their education. The highest‐rated educational content included preparing to use a defibrillator (95% CI = 2.44–3.28, p < .001), administering emergency drugs for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (95% CI = 2.09–2.91, p < .001), starting and maintaining continuous renal replacement therapy (95% CI = 1.50–2.42, p < .001), applying and maintaining a ventilator (95% CI = 1.42–2.08, p < .001), preparing for intubation (95% CI = 1.23–1.97, p < .001), reporting to the emergency team, preparing equipment for CPR (95% CI = 1.12–1.94, p < .001) and drug calculation (95% CI = 0.87–1.53, p < .001).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that educational programmes for new ICU nurses should be developed considering the aforementioned priorities. Furthermore, nurse educators should adopt a practical and active instructional method to repeatedly clarify content, prioritising the improvement of knowledge and performance of new ICU nurses.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study guides clinical educators and managers in focusing on areas where new ICU nurses need additional training. Effective nurse residency programmes tailored to the specific needs of new ICU nurses can enhance their confidence and ability to handle ICU nursing challenges.
Political action in nursing and medical codes of ethics
Authors: Essex Ryan , Mainey Lydia , Dillard‐Wright Jess , Richardson Sarah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolitical action has a long history in the health workforce. There are multiple historical examples, from civil disobedience to marches and even sabotage that can be attributed to health workers. Such actions remain a feature of the healthcare community to this day; their status with professional and regulatory bodies is far less clear, however. This has created uncertainty for those undertaking such action, particularly those who are engaged in what could be termed ‘contentious’ forms of action. This study explored how advocacy and activism were presented in nursing and medical codes of ethics, comparing disciplinary and temporo‐spatial differences to understand how such action may be promoted or constrained by codes. The data for this study comes from 217 codes of ethics. Because of the size of the corpus and to facilitate analysis, natural language processing was utilised, which allowed for an automated exploration of the data and for comparisons to be drawn between groups. This was complemented by a manual search and contextualisation of the data. While there were noticeable differences between medical and nursing codes, overall, advocacy, activism and even politics were rarely discussed explicitly in most codes. When such action was spoken about, this was often vague and imprecise with codes speaking of ‘political action’ and ‘advocacy’ in general terms. While some codes were far more forthright in what they meant about advocacy or broader political action (i.e., Nursing codes in Denmark, Norway, Canada) more forceful language that spoke in specific terms or in terms of oppositional or specific actions (e.g., civil disobedience or marches) was almost completely avoided. These results are discussed in relation to the broader literature on codes and the normative questions they raise, namely whether such action should be included in codes of ethics at all.
The potential contributions of bouillon fortification to meeting micronutrient requirements among women and preschool children in Senegal: A modeling study using household consumption and expenditure survey data
Authors: Adams Katherine P. , Vosti Stephen A. , Tarini Ann , Beye Maguette , Pachón Helena , Kiselova Sophia , Engle‐Stone Reina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo reduce micronutrient deficiencies, Senegal mandates the fortification of refined oil with vitamin A and wheat flour with iron and folic acid. Expanding Senegal's large‐scale food fortification programs to include fortified bouillon could help fill the remaining gaps in dietary micronutrient requirements. Using 7‐day household food consumption data collected between 2018 and 2019, we assessed the potential contributions of bouillon fortified with vitamin A (40–250 μg/g bouillon), folic acid (20–120 μg/g), vitamin B12 (0.2–2 μg/g), iron (0.6–5 mg/g), and zinc (0.6–5 mg/g) for meeting micronutrient requirements of women of reproductive age (WRA; 15–49 years old) and children (6–59 months old). Most households (90%) reported consuming bouillon, including poor and rural households. At modeled fortification levels, bouillon fortification reduced the national prevalence of inadequacy by up to ∼20 percentage points (pp) for vitamin A, 34 pp (WRA) and 20 pp (children) for folate, 20 pp for vitamin B12, 38 pp (WRA) and 30 pp (children) for zinc, and ∼8 pp for iron. Predicted reductions in inadequacy were generally larger among poor and rural populations, especially for vitamins A and B12. Our modeling suggests that bouillon fortification has the potential to substantially reduce dietary inadequacy of multiple micronutrients and could also help address inequities in dietary micronutrient inadequacies in Senegal.
Autophagy is suppressed by low temperatures and is dispensable for cold acclimation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sato Akito , Inayoshi Sena , Kitawaki Kohei , Mihara Ryota , Yoneda Kosei , Ito‐Inaba Yasuko , Inaba Takehito 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlants have evolved various mechanisms to adapt to the ever‐changing external environment. Autophagy is one such mechanism and has been suggested to play a key role in responding to and adapting to abiotic stresses in plants. However, the role of autophagy in adaptation to cold and freezing stresses remains to be characterized in detail. Here, we investigated the role of autophagy in the low‐temperature response of Arabidopsis using atg mutants. Both the atg5‐1 and atg10‐1 mutants exhibited normal freezing tolerance, regardless of cold acclimation. A comparison of fresh weights indicated that the difference in growth between the wild‐type and atg plants under cold conditions was rather small compared with that under normal conditions. Analysis of COLD‐REGULATED gene expression showed no significant differences between the atg mutants and wild type. Treatment with 3‐methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, did not impair the induction of COR15Apro::LUC expression upon exposure to low temperature. Evaluation of autophagic activity using transgenic plants expressing RBCS‐mRFP demonstrated that autophagy was rarely induced by cold exposure, even in the dark. Taken together, these data suggest that autophagy is suppressed by low temperatures and is dispensable for cold acclimation and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis.
LncRNA cis‐ and trans‐regulation provides new insight into drought stress responses in wild barley
Authors: Cheng Bingyun , Pei Wenyu , Wan Kui , Pan Rui , Zhang Wenying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDrought is one of the most common abiotic stresses that affect barley productivity. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been reported to be widely involved in abiotic stress, however, its function in the drought stress response in wild barley remains unclear. In this study, RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNA) among two wild barley and two cultivated barley genotypes. Then, the cis‐regulatory networks were according to the chromosome position and the expression level correction. The GO annotation indicates that these cis‐target genes are mainly involved in “ion transport transporter activity” and “metal ion transport transporter activity”. Through weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), 10 drought‐related modules were identified to contract trans‐regulatory networks. The KEGG annotation demonstrated that these trans‐target genes were enriched for photosynthetic physiology, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and flavonoid metabolism. In addition, we constructed the lncRNA‐mediated ceRNA regulatory network by predicting the microRNA response elements (MREs). Furthermore, the expressions of lncRNAs were verified by RT‐qPCR. Functional verification of a candidate lncRNA, MSTRG.32128, demonstrated its positive role in drought response and root growth and development regulation. Hormone content analysis provided insights into the regulatory mechanisms of MSTRG.32128 in root development, revealing its involvement in auxin and ethylene signal transduction pathways. These findings advance our understanding of lncRNA‐mediated regulatory mechanisms in barley under drought stress. Our results will provide new insights into the functions of lncRNAs in barley responding to drought stress.
Emotional labor in decision making: Gender, race, and relational practices in the White House
Authors: Beauregard Philippe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRelational and emotional practices intensive in emotional labor play an essential role for high‐level decision making, even though this labor is often devalued or unseen. United States presidents can often present themselves as rational and emotionally detached because they delegate emotional work to other members of their team. The burden of such work is unequally distributed along gender and racial lines. It involves expressing empathic concern, repairing relations, anticipating others' emotional responses, protecting marginalized colleagues, speaking hard truths, and providing emotional support to help others regulate their emotions. This article contributes to research on emotions in decision making, public administration, and presidency studies. Case studies of Nancy Reagan and Valerie Jarrett—who played important roles in the Reagan and Obama administrations, respectively—illustrate the article's main argument.
Titian's Bacchus and his two loves
Authors: Luskin Fern 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTitian's Bacchus and Ariadne represents not only Bacchus' attraction to Ariadne, as has long been recognized, but also his infatuation with a boy‐satyr, Ampelos, who struts at the centre of the composition. The little satyr's identity, recognized in the seventeenth century, but overlooked by modern scholars, is confirmed by newly revealed pentimenti. Titian was probably the first to embed this homoerotic love story in a painting depicting the Bacchus and Ariadne myth. The textual impetus for Titian's inclusion of the Ampelos myth was Nonnos' Dionysiaca. Guided by Nonnos' text, Titian alludes not only to Bacchus' love for Ampelos, but to the boy's transformation into a grapevine. His metamorphosis prompted Bacchus' discovery of wine, which precipitated his identity as the god of wine, hence his prominent position in the painting. Titian's portrayal of Bacchus' overwhelming ardour for the negligently dressed Ariadne, along with his former dalliance with the engaging, rosy‐cheeked boy‐satyr Ampelos, was never meant to represent celestial or marital love as has been claimed. Such an ennobling interpretation is disproved through an analysis of contemporary descriptions of the picture and its ancient literary sources.