bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Klinkenberg gas slippage measurements as a means for shale pore structure characterization
Authors: Letham E. A. , Bustin R. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEstablished techniques that have been successfully used to characterize pore systems in conventional reservoir rocks lack the resolution and scalability required to adequately characterize the nano‐ to micrometer scale pore systems found in shale and cannot be applied on stressed samples. We have therefore investigated the utility ofKlinkenberg gas slippage measurements for shale pore structure characterization. In contrast to other approaches, slippage measurements characterize the effective porosity of core samples and can be applied at stress conditions experienced in the reservoir during production. Slippage measurements on horizontally and vertically oriented samples from theEagleFordShaleFormation,Texas,USA, at a range of stress states revealed two orders of magnitude in slippage variation over five orders of magnitude permeability range. Slippage measurements are negatively correlated with permeability and follow similar trends to those found in other studies on higher permeability rocks. The samples had varying degrees of slippage anisotropy, which allowed interpretation of the relative contribution of tortuosity and pore size to permeability anisotropy. Slippage and therefore average effective pore size was found to vary up to one order of magnitude at a given permeability, warranting investigation of the significance this might have on flow properties and ultimately hydrocarbon production from shale.
Cutaneous epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour: a clinicopathological analysis of 11 cases
Authors: Luzar Boštjan , Shanesmith Rebecca , Ramakrishnan Rathi , Fisher Cyril , Calonje Eduardo 
Published: June 2015

AimsEpithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (E‐MPNST) is a distinctive variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour characterized by the predominance of epithelioid cells, diffuse S100 positivity and infrequent association with neurofibromatosis type 1. The aim of this study was to further delineate clinicopathological features of cutaneous E‐MPNST, correlate them with disease outcome and discuss differential diagnosis.Methods and resultsWe analysed 11 cutaneous E‐MPNSTs (six males, five females, median age 49 years, median size 1.6 cm). Tumours showed a predilection for lower extremities (45%) and trunk (45%), followed by upper extremity (9%). Follow‐up was available for nine of 11 patients (range 24–100 months, median 52 months). Four patients had an uneventful clinical course (44%), two developed local recurrence(s) (22%) and three died due to disseminated disease (33%). No histological parameters were found to predict local recurrence(s), development of distant metastases or disease outcome, including size, percentage of epithelioid component, number of mitoses per 10 high‐power fields, degree of nuclear atypia or site of occurrence (dermis, dermis/subcutis, subcutis) (P > 0.05). Immunohistochemically, all tumours were diffusely S100‐positive, with a subset displaying loss of integrase interactor 1 (INI1) expression (50%).ConclusionsCutaneous E‐MPNST has the potential to pursue an aggressive clinical course, associated with wide dissemination and unfavourable disease outcome.
Pleomorphic adenoma‐like tumour of the breast
Authors: Rakha Emad A , Aleskandarany Mohammed A , Samaka Rehab M , Hodi Zsolt , Lee Andrew H S , Ellis Ian O 
Published: June 2015

AimsPleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the breast is a rare tumour seen usually in postmenopausal women. Although PA of the salivary glands (SG) is recognized to be a benign tumour, the nature and biology of similar tumours seen in the breast remains to be defined. The aim of this study was to describe PA of the breast that was reported on core biopsy as an invasive matrix‐producing metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC).Methods and resultsA core biopsy from a clinically malignant retroareolar mass showed mildly atypical polygonal cells with surrounding myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of basal and luminal cytokeratins, but oestrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and myoepithelial markers were negative. The excision specimen showed similar features, but in addition the stroma showed cartilage and bone. Also it was clear that the lesion was circumscribed and merged with a sclerosed papillary lesion consistent with what has been described as mammary PA.ConclusionThis lesion shows an overlap of morphology and immunophenotype with SG‐PA and with MBC. The majority of mammary PAs have a benign behaviour, but local recurrence and development of carcinoma occur. We propose a new terminology of pleomorphic adenoma‐like tumour of the breast to reflect the uncertain nature of these tumours and help guide management decisions.
HLA class II susceptibility pattern for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in an Iranian population
Authors: Kiani J. , Hajilooi M. , Furst D. , Rezaei H. , Shahryari‐Hesami S. , Kowsarifard S. , Zamani A. , Solgi G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to determine the HLA‐DRB1/HLA‐DQB1 susceptibility and protection pattern for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a population from Hamadan, north‐west of Iran. A total of 133 patients with T1D were tested for HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1 alleles using PCR‐SSP compared to 100 ethnic‐matched healthy controls. Alleles and haplotypes frequencies were compared between both groups. The most susceptible alleles for disease were HLA‐DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04:02, DQB1*02:01 and DQB1*03:02, and protective alleles were HLA‐DRB1*07:01, *11:01, *13:01, *14:01 and DRB1*15 and HLA‐DQB1*06:01, *06:02 and *06:03. Haplotype analysis revealed that patients with T1D had higher frequencies of DRB1*03:01–DQB1*02:01 (OR = 4.86, P < 10−7) and DRB1*04:02–DQB1*03:02 (OR = 9.93, P < 10−7) and lower frequencies of DRB1*07:01–DQB1*02:01 (P = 0.0005), DRB1*11:01–DQB1*03:01 (P = 0.001), DRB1*13:01–DQB1*06:03 (P = 0.002) and DRB1*15–DQB1*06:01 (P = 0.001) haplotypes compared to healthy controls. Heterozygote combination of both susceptible haplotypes (DR3/DR4) confers the highest risk for T1D (RR = 18.80, P = 4 × 10−5). Additionally, patients with homozygote diplotype, DR3/DR3 and DR4/DR4, showed a similar risk with less extent to heterozygote combination (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.01, respectively). Our findings not only confirm earlier reports from Iranians but also are in line with Caucasians and partly with Asians and some African patients with T1D. Remarkable differences were the identification of DRB1*04:01–DQB1*03:02, DRB1*07:01–DQB1*03:03 and DRB1*16–DQB1*05:02 as neutral and DRB1*13:01–DQB1*06:03 as the most protective haplotypes in this study.
High neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio predicts poor clinical outcome in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with docetaxel chemotherapy
Authors: Yao Akihisa , Sejima Takehiro , Iwamoto Hideto , Masago Toshihiko , Morizane Shuichi , Honda Masashi , Takenaka Atsushi 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic significance of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in patients receiving chemotherapy with docetaxel for castration‐resistant prostate cancer.MethodsA total of 57 castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients treated between 2009 and 2014 were included in the present retrospective study. All patient data, including clinicopathological factors, were assessed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to predict overall survival and progression‐free survival after chemotherapy initiation.ResultsThe median overall survival and progression‐free survival were determined as 19.0 months (range 1–61 months) and 10.0 months (range 1–56 months), respectively. The cut‐off level of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio was set as the median value of 3.5 among all patients in this study. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, the median overall survival and progression‐free survival were shorter in patients with a high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio compared with those with a low neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (15 vs 20 months, P = 0.0125; and 9.5 vs 15 months, P = 0.0132, respectively). The overall survival and progression‐free survival periods in patients with a high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio were significantly shorter than those of patients with a low neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.0178 and 0.0176, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, a high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio was an independent predictor of overall survival and progression‐free survival (hazard ratio 2.728, 95% confidence interval 1.05–7.09, P = 0.039; and hazard ratio 2.376, 95% confidence interval 1.12–5.06, P = 0.024, respectively).ConclusionThe present study results suggest that the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio is a useful prognostic factor in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated by docetaxel chemotherapy. These findings might be useful in determining treatment strategies in the future.
Using a prime and pull approach, lentivector vaccines expressing Ag85A induce immunogenicity but fail to induce protection against Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin challenge in mice
Authors: Britton Gary , MacDonald Douglas C. , Brown Jeremy S. , Collins Mary K. , Goodman Anna L. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAlthough bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is an established vaccine with excellent efficacy against disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in young children, efficacy in adults suffering from respiratory tuberculosis (TB) is suboptimal. Prime‐boost viral vectored vaccines have been shown to induce effective immune responses and lentivectors (LV) have been shown to improve mucosal immunity in the lung. A mucosal boost to induce local immunogenicity is also referred to as a ‘pull’ in a prime and pull approach, which has been found to be a promising vaccine strategy. The majority of infants worldwide receive BCG immunization through current vaccine protocols. We therefore aimed to investigate the role of a boost (or pull) immunization with an LV vaccine expressing the promising TB antigen (Ag85A). We immunized BALB/c mice subcutaneously with BCG or an LV vaccine expressing a nuclear factor‐κB activator vFLIP together with Ag85A (LV vF/85A), then boosted with intranasal LV vF/85A. Prime and pull immunization with LV85A induced significantly enhanced CD8+ and CD4+ T‐cell responses in the lung, but did not protect against intranasal BCG challenge. In contrast, little T‐cell response in the lung was seen when the prime vaccine was BCG, and intranasal vF/85A provided no additional protection against mucosal BCG infection. Our study demonstrates that not all LV prime and pull approaches may be successful against TB in man and careful antigen and immune activator selection is therefore required.
Predicting Maternal Resolution of Preterm Birth at One Month Corrected Age
Authors: Yaari Maya , Millo Inbal , Harel Ayelet , Friedlander Edwa , Bar‐Oz Benjamin , Eventov‐Friedman Smadar , Mankuta David , Yirmiya Nurit 
Published: June 2015

Early maternal resolution with preterm birth was assessed at one month corrected age (CA), and potential maternal and infant characteristics that may be associated with early resolution were examined. Fifty‐five mothers of preterm infants (≤34 weeks) participated. Data regarding pregnancy, prenatal risk, delivery, infant's medical risk, maternal well‐being status, and infant's early developmental status were collected. Resolution was examined using the Reaction to Diagnosis Interview (RDI). A total of 38.2% of the mothers were classified as resolved. Only completion of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) treatment and high prenatal risk significantly predicted maternal resolution. Early maternal resolution of preterm birth is associated with early knowledge regarding the preterm birth.
ArchiBabel: Tracing the Writing Architecture Project in Architectural Education
Authors: Lappin Sarah A. , Erk Gül Kaçmaz , Martire Agustina 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThough much recent scholarship has investigated the potential of writing in creative practice (including visual arts, drama, even choreography), there are few models in the literature which discuss writing in the context of architectural education. This article aims to address this dearth of pedagogical research, analysing the cross‐disciplinary Writing Architecture Project based in the undergraduate course of Queens University Belfast's School of Architecture. Over the course of four years, teaching staff, in partnership with the university's Learning Development Service, technicians and specialist librarians, have addressed an unfortunately persistent struggle for both architecture students and professionals alike to research and construct argument in written form. The article examines the current problem as identified in the literature before analysing the efficacy of the variety of teaching methods used in the Writing Architecture Project, with conclusions about the project's success and continuing challenges.
Art Conquers All? Herbert Read's Education through Art
Authors: Barchana‐Lorand Dorit 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHerbert Read's Education through Art (henceforth ETA) is a pioneering attempt to provide empirical evidence for the need for art in the public school system. Rooting for art education, Read applies the conclusions of the newly evolving psychological research to his thesis on education, which he holds to be a contemporary revival of Plato's educational theory. Psychological research proves, Read believes, that art is required for the healthy cognitive and emotional development of the child, thereby creating a stable and productive society. ‘Education through art’ nurtures each individual's potential, so that every professional direction one would later take would be ‘art'. Since its publication in 1943, art‐education enthusiasts seem to hold that Read was on the right track, but that ETA suffers from a lack of evidence – a mere technicality that can be amended when research advances. Contrariwise, I argue that Read's thesis is inherently problematic, rather than empirically inaccurate. Psychological research may never suffice for the justification of art education, if ‘art education’ is both substituted for ‘creativity’ and expected to produce testable – immediate and quantifiable – results. My interest is not only in Read's theory per se, but in this form of justification. To wit, the discussion examines ETA as a case study in the empirical justification of art education.
Geographical origins, migration patterns and refugia of Sibbaldia procumbens, an arctic–alpine plant with a fragmented range
Authors: Allen Geraldine A. , Marr Kendrick L. , McCormick Laurie J. , Hebda Richard J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimMany plants, especially at high latitudes, have both widespread and highly discontinuous geographical distributions. To increase understanding of how such patterns originate, we examine genetic patterns in the arctic–alpine plant Sibbaldia procumbens. We evaluate the contributions of refugia and the role of long‐distance dispersal in shaping the current range of this species.LocationNorthern Hemisphere, especially North America.MethodsWe sampled Sibbaldia from 176 localities, including 168 for S. pro‐cumbens. We analysed sequence variation in three plastid DNA non‐coding regions (the atpI–atpH and trnL–trnF intergenic spacers and the trnL intron), performed Bayesian phylogenetic analyses and statistical parsimony analyses on the combined sequences, and analysed the geographical patterns of haplotype distribution and genetic diversity using data from all populations.ResultsSibbaldia procumbens probably originated in the mountains of South and East Asia. We identified highly distinct clades in Europe and North America, which overlapped on oceanic islands of the North Atlantic indicating long‐distance dispersal capability. The North American clade included two lineages, one in California and the other widely distributed across the continent and North Atlantic. Haplotype diversity in the latter lineage was markedly higher to the south, suggesting mid–late Pleistocene southward displacement of North American populations with subsequent migration northwards into previously glaciated regions. In Europe, disjunct geographical regions generally harboured distinct haplotypes.Main conclusionsMultiple Pleistocene refugia for S. procumbens occurred in both North America and Europe. North American refugia existed in California and in the southern Rocky Mountains, but in contrast with most widespread arctic–alpine species we found no evidence for a Beringian refugium. Cryptic refugia may have existed within the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. Episodes of range expansion and contraction and long‐distance dispersal have all contributed to the genetic structure and widespread but fragmented distribution of this species.
Unforeseen biogeographical patterns in a multiple parasite system in Macaronesia
Authors: Illera Juan Carlos , Fernández‐Álvarez Ángela , Hernández‐Flores Carmen N. , Foronda Pilar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimUnderstanding the reasons why hosts lose, maintain or swap their parasite burden after colonizing new areas has long intrigued island biogeographers. Using molecular markers, we evaluated parasite biogeography of a multiple parasite system of Apicomplexa protozoans (haemosporidian and coccidian parasites) showing different modes of transmission in the spectacled warbler (Sylvia conspicillata), a small passerine with recently founded populations in Macaronesia.LocationTwelve oceanic islands of three Macaronesian archipelagos (Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cape Verde) and two continental areas (the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco).MethodsWe amplified and sequenced fragments of the parasite mitochondrial genome (cytochrome b for haemosporidian and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I for coccidian parasites) to determine the prevalence, richness, diversity and associations between groups of pathogens from the continental sources to the Macaronesian islands. We also built a haplotype network for the coccidian parasites to obtain insights on their evolutionary history.ResultsWe did not find a significant reduction in parasite diversity in the Macaronesian islands compared with the mainland. The prevalence was higher in Macaronesia for both parasite groups than on the mainland, although it was only significant for the haemosporidian parasites. The haplotype network revealed an unexpectedly strong differentiation in the coccidia, with a similar structure to the haplotype topology previously found in the host.Main conclusionsOceanic islands provide model systems for disentangling geographical origins, colonization pathways, and diversification of avian hosts through analysis of parasites. We show that analysis of coccidians, which closely track the evolutionary history of their avian hosts, may illuminate co‐speciation processes in both groups. Our results show that coccidian populations in Macaronesia are highly structured but fail to provide support for the predicted impoverishment of parasite assemblages on islands.
Systemic antibiotics in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis. A systematic review and a Bayesian Network meta‐analysis
Authors: Rabelo Cleverton Correa , Feres Magda , Gonçalves Cristiane , Figueiredo Luciene C. , Faveri Marcelo , Tu Yu‐Kang , Chambrone Leandro 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of systemic antibiotic therapy on the treatment of aggressive periodontitis (AgP).MethodsThis study was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched up to June 2014 for randomized clinical trials comparing the treatment of subjects with AgP with either scaling and root planing (SRP) alone or associated with systemic antibiotics. Bayesian network meta‐analysis was prepared using the Bayesian random‐effects hierarchical models and the outcomes reported at 6‐month post‐treatment.ResultsOut of 350 papers identified, 14 studies were eligible. Greater gain in clinical attachment (CA) (mean difference [MD]: 1.08 mm; p < 0.0001) and reduction in probing depth (PD) (MD: 1.05 mm; p < 0.00001) were observed for SRP + metronidazole (Mtz), and for SRP + Mtz + amoxicillin (Amx) (MD: 0.45 mm, MD: 0.53 mm, respectively; p < 0.00001) than SRP alone/placebo. Bayesian network meta‐analysis showed additional benefits in CA gain and PD reduction when SRP was associated with systemic antibiotics.ConclusionsSRP plus systemic antibiotics led to an additional clinical effect compared with SRP alone in the treatment of AgP. Of the antibiotic protocols available for inclusion into the Bayesian network meta‐analysis, Mtz and Mtz/Amx provided to the most beneficial outcomes.
Thresholds and accuracy in screening tools for early detection of psychopathology
Authors: Sheldrick R. Christopher , Benneyan James C. , Kiss Ivy Giserman , Briggs‐Gowan Margaret J. , Copeland William , Carter Alice S. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe accuracy of any screening instrument designed to detect psychopathology among children is ideally assessed through rigorous comparison to ‘gold standard’ tests and interviews. Such comparisons typically yield estimates of what we refer to as ‘standard indices of diagnostic accuracy’, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value. However, whereas these statistics were originally designed to detect binary signals (e.g., diagnosis present or absent), screening questionnaires commonly used in psychology, psychiatry, and pediatrics typically result in ordinal scores. Thus, a threshold or ‘cut score’ must be applied to these ordinal scores before accuracy can be evaluated using such standard indices. To better understand the tradeoffs inherent in choosing a particular threshold, we discuss the concept of ‘threshold probability’. In contrast toPPV, which reflects the probability that a child whose scorefalls at or abovethe screening threshold has the condition of interest, threshold probability refers specifically to the likelihood that a child whose scoreis equal toa particular screening threshold has the condition of interest.MethodThe diagnostic accuracy and threshold probability of two well‐validated behavioral assessment instruments, the Child Behavior Checklist Total Problem Scale and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire total scale were examined in relation to a structured psychiatric interview in three de‐identified datasets.ResultsAlthough both screening measures were effective in identifying groups of children at elevated risk for psychopathology in all samples (odds ratios ranged from 5.2 to 9.7), children who scored at or near the clinical thresholds that optimized sensitivity and specificity were unlikely to meet criteria for psychopathology on gold standard interviews.ConclusionsOur results are consistent with the view that screening instruments should be interpreted probabilistically, with attention to where along the continuum of positive scores an individual falls.