bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perforator aneurysms of the posterior circulation: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Ding Dale , Starke Robert M , Jensen Mary E , Evans Avery J , Kassell Neal F , Liu Kenneth C 
Published: November 2012

IntroductionPosterior circulation perforator artery aneurysms are sparsely reported in the literature. The natural history of these rare lesions remains unclear and their diagnosis and management are not well-defined.MethodsWe reviewed our institution's medical records and performed a comprehensive literature search for cases of posterior circulation perforator aneurysms. Diagnostic imaging, management and clinical outcomes were the primary components of interest.ResultsOur first case was a 58-year-old patient who developed an infarct after attempted endovascular treatment of a basilar perforator artery aneurysm, the second case was a 55-year-old patient with a posterior cerebral artery perforator aneurysm who did well with conservative management and the third case was a 68-year-old patient who suffered an infarct after successful Onyx embolization of a superior cerebellar artery perforator aneurysm. From the literature we identified four case reports and four case series, all describing aneurysmal lesions of the basilar perforator arteries, giving a total of 17 cases including those from our institution. All cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage although 47% of initial vascular imaging studies failed to reveal the aneurysm. Cumulatively, 41% of patients were treated with microsurgery, 35% were treated with endovascular therapy and 24% were managed conservatively with subsequent spontaneous aneurysm resolution at a mean interval of 10 months after rupture.ConclusionsPerforator aneurysms of the posterior circulation are diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Both microsurgical and endovascular treatment of posterior circulation perforator aneurysms are technically difficult, necessitating comprehensive management by an experienced cerebrovascular team.
A view on the state of software engineering practice
Authors: El-Deeb Ahmed 
Published: November 2012

An excerpt from Thomas Friedman's famous book The World Is Flat, "When developing countries start thinking about the challenge of flatism...It has to ask itself," "To what extent is my country advancing or being left behind by the flattening of the world, and to what extent is it adapting to and taking advantage of all the new platforms for collaborations and competition?" is vividly describing the appeal of many developing countries in entering the software industry. With the globalization of crafting software and its services, the software industry is seen as a lucrative economic growth opportunity. Unlike other industrial investments, the software industry is convenient to developing countries for its low-cost of establishment. All is needed is an affordable real estate rental, a bunch of PCs, and a few skilled workers to get the business running. The globalization of the software industry with attention given to accessing the right skills no matter where and reducing costs through cheap labor is even a realization to those countries ambitions to remedy part of their economic challenges. India preceded with utilizing such potential and made good use of such globalization, or flatism, of the software industry; positioning itself as a successful model to those nations aspiring to compete globally and establish economic growth.
Egypt is no exception from this ambition. Geographically positioned in proximity to Europe at the crossroads of Europe, Africa, and Asia and with access to abundant low wage talent pool of multilingual technical graduates annually are all factors that made it conceivable that Egypt can compete in the global industry of software. However, such entrance into competition, notably with India as well as other Middle Eastern countries, have shaped trends in the practices of software engineering in Egypt as well as it did emerge several challenges that Egypt should learn to remedy if it wants to stay competitive in the global software industry. This paper attempts to shed light on salient current software engineering practices and related challenges that would be affecting Egypt's progress and competitive edge. In laying a foundation to such brief survey of practices, this paper also overviews major cornerstones that gave rise to the establishment and support of such industry in Egypt.
Evolution of Reperfusion Therapies for Acute Brain and Acute Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Patel Richa D. , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: November 2012

Background and Purpose—
Early reperfusion is the most effective therapy for both acute brain and cardiac ischemia. However, the cervicocephalic circulatory bed offers more challenges to recanalization interventions. The historical development of reperfusion interventions has not previously been systematically compared.

Methods—
Medline search identified all multi-arm, controlled trials of coronary revascularization for acute myocardial infarction and multicenter trials of cerebral revascularization for acute ischemic stroke reporting angiographic reperfusion rates.

Results—
Thirty-seven trials of coronary reperfusion enrolled 10 908 patients from 1983 to 2009, and 10 trials of cerebral reperfusion enrolled 1064 patients from 1992 to 2009. Coronary reperfusion trials included 10 of intravenous fibrinolysis alone, 8 combined intravenous fibrinolysis and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with or without stenting, 3 intra-arterial fibrinolysis, and 16 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with or without stenting. Cerebral reperfusion trials included 1 of intravenous fibrinolysis alone, 3 intra-arterial fibrinolysis, 3 endovascular device alone, and 3 of endovascular treatment ± intravenous fibrinolysis. In both circulatory beds, endovascular treatments were more efficacious at achieving reperfusion than peripherally administered fibrinolytics. In the coronary bed, rates of achieved reperfusion began at high levels in the 1980s and improved modestly over the subsequent 3 decades. In the cerebral bed, reperfusion rates began at modest levels in the early 1990s and increased more slowly. Most recently, in 2005 to 2009, cardiac reperfusion rates substantially exceeded cerebral, partial reperfusion 86.1% versus 61.1%, complete reperfusion 78.6% versus 23.4%.

Conclusions—
Reperfusion therapies developed more slowly and remain less effective for cerebral than cardiac ischemia. Further, cerebral circulation–specific technical advances are required for physicians to become as capable at safely restoring blood flow to the ischemic brain as the ischemic heart.
Some Early Authorities Cited by Tājika Authors
Authors: Gansten Martin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn comparison with the spread of Perso-Arabic astrological traditions into medieval Europe, the Indian reception of the same knowledge systems, known in Sanskrit as tājika-śāstra, has received little scholarly attention. The present article attempts to shed some light on the history of the transmission of tājika-śāstra by examining the statements of Sanskrit authors about their earliest non-Indian sources. In particular, the identities of five traditionally cited authorities—Yavana, Khindhi, Hillāja, Khattakhutta and Romaka—are discussed on the basis of text-internal, historical and linguistic evidence.
Sappho, Corinna and Colleagues in Ancient Rome. Tatian’s Catalogue of Statues (Oratio ad Graecos 33-4) Reconsidered
Authors: Thorsen Thea Selliaas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn hisOratio ad GraecosTatian claims to have seen Sappho’s statue among a number of other female figures in Rome, which, according to a passage in Pliny the Elder, seem to have been in the Portico of Pompey. This article examines how difficulties in the scholarly reception of Tatian’sOratio ad Graecoscontinue to obstruct a fuller picture of the role of female figures such as Sappho in late Republican and Augustan Rome. Furthermore, by bringing fresh archaeological evidence into the discussion of Tatian’s text and pointing out previously ignored philological connections betweenOratio ad Graecosand late Republican and Augustan literature, the article refines the image of a woman like Sappho in Ancient Rome.
The Archaeology of the Epigrams from the Tabulae Iliacae: Adaptation, Allusion, Alteration
Authors: Petrain David 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe epigrams and other metrical texts inscribed on theTabulae Iliacaedocument an active engagement with the prior poetic tradition on the part of the artisans of these early Imperial reliefs, who adapt and reshape earlier texts in order to create for their Roman clientele a novel version of Greek myth and history.I reconsider the texts of three groups of inscriptions and argue for their significance to the history of Greek epigram. TheTabula Chigi(IG14.1296) transmits two elegiac couplets that employ dialectal variation to characterize the speech of Alexander the Great; a metrical irregularity reveals how the couplets were adapted to their inscriptional context. Variations in the two metrical signatures of Theodorus, the creator of theTabulae(IG14.1284;SEG14.626), reveal a nuanced attempt to characterize his relationship with his avowed poetic source, Homer. Verse summaries of theIliadon theTabula Sarti(IG14.1286) have been misunderstood because the sole surviving image of the tablet has been misread: a new edition shows the summaries’ close adaptation of Homer and uncovers the rationale for their unusual meter (anapestic tetrameter catalectic). An appendix discusses the whereabouts of theTabula Chigi, which is currently lost.
Die Schuld der Väter (er-)tragen—Thr 5 im Kontext exilischer Theologie
Authors: Wagner Thomas 
Published: November 2012

Zusammenfassung
Thr 5 gibt einen Einblick in die Auseinandersetzungen der nachexilischen Theologie mit den Erfahrungen des Exils und des ausbleibenden Heils nach den Verheißungen der spätexilischen Propheten. Die Redaktion konnte auf ein Klagelied aus der Exilszeit zurückgreifen, das in seiner Grundfassung den Untergang Jerusalems sowie dessen Folgen schilderte und als Schuldbekenntnis des Volkes diente. Mit dem Anschluss des Liedes an Thr 4 wird Thr 5 durch einen Redaktor um die V. 1.7.20-22 ergänzt. In diesen ruft er JHWH auf, das Gott-Mensch-Verhältnis der Generation, die für die Katastrophe nicht mehr verantwortlich ist, neu zu begründen, und ihr damit ein Leben in göttlicher Gnade zu ermöglichen. Diese Generation ist nicht mehr bereit, die Folgen der Schuld seiner Vorväter weiter zu tragen.
Effects of the disinfectant Virkon S on early life-stages of the moor frog (Rana arvalis)
Authors: Hangartner Sandra , Laurila Anssi 
Published: November 2012

Emerging diseases, such as the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, contribute to global population declines of amphibians. Virkon S is one of the most commonly used disinfectants to reduce risk of spreading such pathogens. Virkon S is classified as harmful to aquatic organisms, but until today no negative effects on tadpoles have been reported. We studied the effects of three concentrations of Virkon S on early life-stages (embryos and hatchlings) of the moor frog Rana arvalis. Overall, Virkon S had no significant effects. However, hatching success was highest in the control treatment, suggesting that Virkon S may have weak negative effects on amphibian embryos. We suggest that further studies are needed to assess the negative effect of Virkon S on amphibians, and recommend that Virkon S is used with care and a minimized run-off into natural wetlands.
Rearticulating the Concept of Experience, Rethinking the Demands of Deconstruction
Authors: Gormley Steven 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A principle aim of this paper is to convince friends and critics of deconstruction that they have overlooked two crucial aspects of Derrida’s work, namely, his rearticulation of the concept of experience and his account of the experience of undecidability as an ordeal. This is important because sensitivity to Derrida’s emphasis on the ordeal of undecidability and his rearticulation of the concept of experience—a rearticulation that is already under way in his early engagement with Husserl and continued in later work—necessitates a rethinking of what the ‘experience of undecidability’ entails. Rather than signaling a withdrawal from politics or a normatively impotent ethics of ‘mere openness to the other,’ Derrida’s account of the experience of undecidability not only points to a fundamental aspect of our basic ethical experience but also leads to a number of ethico-political demands, which I summarize as the demand to maintain an ethos of interruption.
Economics and Political Economy Today: Introduction to the Symposium on Fine and Milonakis
Authors: Ashman Sam 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEconomics has long been the ‘dismal science’. The crisis in classical political economy at the end of the nineteenth century produced radically differing intellectual responses: Marx’s reconstitution of value theory on the basis of his dialectical method, the marginalists’ development of subjective value theory, and the historical school’s advocacy of inductive and historical reasoning. It is against this background that economics was established as a discrete academic discipline, consciously modelling itself on maths and physics and developing its focus on theorising exchange. This entailed extraordinary reductionism, with humans regarded as rational, self-interested actors, and class, society, history and ‘the social’ being excised from economic analysis. On the basis of this narrowing of its concerns, particularly from the 1980s onwards, economics has sought to expand its sphere of influence through a form of imperialism which seeks to apply mainstream economic approaches to other social sciences and sees economics as ‘the universal grammar of social science’. The implications of this shift are discussed in Ben Fine and Dimitris Milonakis’s two volumes, where they analyse the fate of the social, the political and the historical in economic thought, and assess the future for an inter-disciplinary critique of economic reason.
Patricians’ Embrace of the Dominican Convent of St. Catherine in Thirteenth-Century Barcelona
Authors: Zaldívar Antonio M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this article, I examine patterns of charitable giving to the mendicant orders in surviving testaments from thirteenth-century Barcelona. My findings reveal that an elite group of wealthy and influential merchant families, the city’s emerging patriciate, provided the majority of charitable contributions to the mendicant friars. The friars’ urban religiosity and propagation of the doctrine of purgatory appealed to patricians, who were heavily involved in commercial activities and increasingly concerned with the fate of their souls in the afterlife. Patricians also utilized their pious contributions to the mendicant friars to bolster their social prestige and legitimize their monopolization of political power in the city. While patricians donated generously to the two largest mendicant orders (Dominicans and Franciscans), they contributed more money to the Dominican convent of St. Catherine. Patricians favored the Dominicans because of the latter’s superior educational training, their close ties to the kings of the Crown of Aragon, and their association with the city’s municipal government.
The Body (Under Review):On Manuel Vásquez’s More than Belief
Authors: Lofton Kathryn 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
What sort of critique of religious studies will enjoin religious studies to think about its premises? This essay evaluates an important contemporary critique of the study of religion, Manuel Vásquez’s More than Belief. The author provides a summary of Vásquez’s argument, and then turns to an analysis of Vásquez’s evidence. In More than Belief, Vásquez tracks the development and effects of mind-body dualism on the study of religion. The differentiation between mind and body is a problem for analysts of religion, Vásquez explains, because religious ideas wrestle so directly with that differentiation, and because scholars seeking to explain religion have often imagined themselves to be countering religious supernaturalism with a materialist empiricism. This is, Vásquez explains, a reductive materialism. Vásquez thus offers an account of how matter came not to matter in the specific effort to explain religion, which Vásquez describes as the somatophobia of religious studies. Borrowing from Vásquez’s emphasis on embodiment and emplacement, the reviewer questions Vásquez’s readings of philosophical materials in his admirable effort to correct a disciplinary disposition for our hermeneutic betterment.
Comparative study of intramandibular glands of workers, queens and males of stingless bee Scaptotrigona postica Latreille (Hymenoptera: Meliponini)
Authors: Maschio Daniela A. , Gracioli-Vitti Luciana F. , Cruz-Landim Carminda 
Published: November 2012

The mandibles of bees contain two types of tegumental glands whose function is not clear, despite the hypotheses put forward by several researchers. Although these glands have been found in all the bee species studied so far, observations have been confined mostly to workers of eusocial species in the forager phase. The work reported here involved a study of the morphology of the glands of newly emerged, nurse and forager workers, virgin and fecundated queens, and newly emerged and sexually mature males of Scaptotrigona postica, seeking to identify changes that may be linked to the bee’s life phase. Our findings indicate that the two types of glands are present in the species but not in all life phases or individual classes. The glands consisting of class I cells, the epithelial glands are present only in forager workers and fecundated queens. Glands of type III cells were studied in detail, and gland size was estimated from histological sections. The degree of development of the glands varies according to individual classes and life phases, suggesting different functions during the individual’s life and from one individual to another.
Preventive Diplomacy Work in the Organization of American States (OAS): The 2006 Elections in Guyana
Authors: Lesser Taryn 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The South American country of Guyana has a history of turmoil and violence around its presidential elections. The 2006 elections, however, were cited as largely free of violence and post-election unrest. While the peaceful outcome may be attributed to a number of factors, the involvement of the Organization of American States in setting up an electoral observation mission and in engaging in preventive diplomacy played a constructive role in the process, in addition to other ongoing initiatives. This article examines the OAS’ use of its mandate for the preservation of democracy as an entry point for conflict prevention. In particular, it analyzes the role of election monitoring and the facilitation of dialogue as a form of preventive diplomacy. The article argues that the Guyana case provides an example of the OAS using its democracy promotion mandate to prevent conflict, specifically election-related violence. It also highlights some of the critiques of OAS work in the area of democracy promotion and election monitoring, noting that the organization has engaged in these activities only in selective cases that meet specific criteria.
Prediction and Power: Prophets and Prophecy in the Old Testament and Zimbabwean Christianity
Authors: Gunda Masiiwa Ragies 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The prominence of prophets such as TB Joshua of Nigeria and Immanuel Makandiwa of Zimbabwe has triggered debates on the nature of prophets and prophecy. Through a socio-historical and reception historical analysis, this article contends that there are two major characteristics of prophets, that is, the ability to make accurate predictions and the ability to confound nature and normalcy by manifesting unrivalled power through healing and other activities. These characteristics are observable in the activities of Zimbabwean prophets both pioneers such as Masowe, Marange, Mutendi and contemporary ones like Makandiwa. It is also noted that the narratives of Old Testament prophets, especially Elijah and Elisha, are used by contemporary prophets to confirm that their own ‘signs and deeds’ are in line with those of the great prophets of God. The extraordinary abilities of these prophets are seen as proof of their being divinely chosen, hence the multitude of followers who are in need of their ‘signs and wonders’.
Evolution in the Concept of Sunnah during the First Four Generations of Muslims in Relation to the Development of the Concept of an Authentic Ḥadīth as Based on Recent Western Scholarship
Authors: Duderija Adis 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The aim of this article is to trace the evolution in the meaning of the concept of Sunnah prior to its classical definition, which largely confluences it with the concept of an authentic (ṣaḥīḥ) Ḥadīth as defined by the classical Ḥadīth sciences. This article will first describe the semanico-contextual changes in the meaning of the term Sunnah during the period under examination and then present a chronological analysis of the development of the concept ‘Sunnah’ in relation to the development of the concept ‘authentic Ḥadīth’. This article argues that during the first four generations of Muslims, the concept ‘Sunnah’ remained epistemologically independent of the concept ‘authentic Ḥadīth’ and that evaluation of Sunnah compliance with a certain practice or belief remained methodologically independent to that of the concept of an authentic Ḥadīth, as defined by classical ʿulūm al-ḥadīth sciences.
Public Diplomacy at Home in the UK: Engaging Diasporas and Preventing Terrorism
Authors: Curtis Steven , Jaine Caroline 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Not every foreign ministry communicates with its home audience. For some it is unconstitutional; for many it serves no purpose. But for multicultural and particularly former colonial powers, communicating with the home audience has the potential to be a vital tool for engagement, especially as the boundaries between domestic and international are blurred by international travel, migration and global connectivity. This article examines ‘public diplomacy at home’ in the United Kingdom, both as a general policy of the last Labour government and more specifically in the context of initiatives to tackle Islamist terrorism. In terms of the latter, it explores the strengths and limitations of both faith-based approaches to outreach to Muslim communities and a country-based approach to outreach, using Pakistan as a case study.
Recognition of Governments in International Law and the Recent Conflict in Libya
Authors: Schuit Anne 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The meaning of recognition of governments varies in time and between individual States. At a minimum it entails that the recognising State wishes to be bound by the international legal consequences of recognition. How to recognise a government is not defined, as the decision whether or not to recognise a government is a unilateral act and at the discretion of each individual State. The most important criteria for recognising a government are the effective control and the legitimacy doctrine, although some States have decided to abolish the recognition of governments all together. Applying the criteria for recognition of governments to the conflict in Libya in 2011, it is concluded that the recognition of the Transitional National Council by some States while the Gadaffi regime was still in control over large parts of the territory is probably not supported by the effective control or legitimacy doctrine. This could invoke State responsibility.