bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Up-regulation of Cathepsin G in the Development of Chronic Postsurgical Pain
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Tian Yuanyuan , Meng Zhaoyu , Chen Yan , Ho Idy H. T. , Choy Kwong Wai , Lichtner Peter , Wong Sunny H. , Yu Jun , Gin Tony , Wu William K. K. , Cheng Christopher H. K. , Chan Matthew T. V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAbstract
Cathepsin G blockade reduced inflammation in the spinal cord and reduced pain behavior in rodents. In humans, two specific polymorphisms were associated with a lower risk for the development of chronic postsurgical pain. The data suggest that cathepsin G in a pronociceptive mediator in experimental subjects and humans; as such, it offers a potential therapeutic target for prevention of chronic postsurgical pain.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background:
Proteases have been shown to modulate pain signaling in the spinal cord and may contribute to the development of chronic postsurgical pain. By using peripheral inflammation in rats as a chronic pain model, the authors identified the deregulation of proteases and their inhibitors as a hallmark of chronic pain development using a genome-wide screening approach.

Methods:
A microarray analysis was performed and identified spinal cathepsin G (CTSG) as the most up-regulated gene in rats with persistent hyperalgesia after intraplantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (n = 4). Further experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanisms of CTSG-induced hyperalgesia by intrathecally applying specific CTSG inhibitor (n = 10). The authors also evaluated the association between CTSG gene polymorphisms and the risk of chronic postsurgical pain in 1,152 surgical patients.

Results:
CTSG blockade reduced heat hyperalgesia, accompanied by a reduction in neutrophil infiltration and interleukin 1β levels in the dorsal horns. In the gene association study, 246 patients (21.4%) reported chronic postsurgical pain at 12-month follow-up. Patients with AA genotypes at polymorphisms rs2070697 (AA-15.3%, GA-24.1%, and GG-22.3%) or rs2236742 (AA-6.4%, GA-20.4%, and GG-22.6%) in the CTSG gene had lower risk for chronic postsurgical pain compared with wild-types. The adjusted odds ratios were 0.67 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.99) and 0.34 (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.98), respectively.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that CTSG is a pronociceptive mediator in both animal model and human study. CTSG represents a new target for pain control and a potential marker to predict patients who are prone to develop chronic pain after surgery.
Diagnosis of EML4 - ALK Translocation With FISH, Immunohistochemistry, and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction in Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Cruz-Rico Graciela , Avilés-Salas Alejandro , Segura-González Manuel , Espinosa-García Ana María , Ramírez-Tirado Laura Alejandra , Morales-Oyarvide Vicente , Rojas-Marín Carlos , Cardona Andrés-Felipe , Arrieta Oscar 
Published: August 2015

Objective:
To assess anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement detection with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in comparison with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Methods:
Tumor tissue samples from 230 patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were analyzed by FISH to detect ALK rearrangements. Additional IHC tests using 5A4 clone and RT-qPCR (variants 1 to 5) were performed in 63 and 48 patients, respectively.

Results:
Thirteen percent of FISH tests were not evaluable. From the remaining tests (n=200), 18 (9.0%) were ALK positive (ALK
+). ALK

+
patients were significantly younger at the time of diagnosis (below 55 y, 14.3% vs. 5.5%, P=0.035), were light smokers (tobacco index <10, 12.6% vs. 4.1%, P=0.049), and presented adenocarcinoma with a mucinous component (30.8 vs. 8.0%, P=0.007). When comparing FISH with IHC using a cutoff of 1+ or 2+, and only 2+ staining intensity, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were as follows: 83.3%, 100.0%, 93.75%, and 100.0%; and 55.6%, 100.0%, 84.9%, and 100.0%, respectively. For RT-qPCR, these results were 55.6, 100, 90.7, and 100.0%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that RT-qPCR is an inadequate initial test for detecting ALK-positive lung cancer. IHC is highly useful as an initial screening test for ALK rearrangement detection in NSCLC. These results contribute to the medical literature on the establishment of IHC as a standard diagnostic test for ALK rearrangements in NSCLC.
Soft Tissue Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Authors: Bishop Andrew J. , Zagars Gunar K. , Demicco Elizabeth G. , Wang Wei-Lien , Feig Barry W. , Guadagnolo B. Ashleigh 
Published: August 2015

Purpose:
To report survival outcomes and local control in patients with solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) treated using surgery and radiation therapy (RT).

Methods:
We reviewed the medical records of 31 consecutive patients definitively treated for SFT with surgery and RT between 1982 and 2012. The median age was 51 years (range, 23 to 88 y) and tumors were evenly distributed between the head and neck (n=9, 29%), trunk (n=10, 32%), and lower extremities (n=9, 29%). The majority of tumors were large (>5 cm) (n=23, 72%). Specimens had a median of 2 mitoses/10 HPF (range, 0 to 8). Nearly half the cases were treated with postoperative RT (n=14, 45%; median dose, 58 Gy) and the other 17 patients (55%) received preoperative RT (median dose, 50 Gy).

Results:
Median follow-up time was 59 months (range, 18 to 349 mo). The 5-year rates of local control, overall survival, and distant metastatic-free survival were 100%, 95%, and 92%, respectively. There were no local or nodal relapses and the 10-year complication rate was 6% (n=2).

Conclusions:
Treatment of soft tissue SFT using combined surgery and RT results in excellent local control.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Lung Metastases from Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Qiu Haoming , Katz Alan W. , Chowdhry Amit K. , Usuki Kenneth Y. , Singh Deepinder P. , Metcalfe Su , Cheruvu Praveena , Chen Yuhchyau , Okunieff Paul , Milano Michael T. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives:
To evaluate disease control and survival after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung metastases from colorectal cancer and to identify prognostic factors after treatment.

Methods:
Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to the lungs treated with SBRT from 2002 to 2013 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Patients may have received prior systemic therapy, radiotherapy to nonthoracic sites and/or resection of thoracic and/or nonthoracic metastases. Endpoints were timed from end of SBRT and included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, distant metastases-free survival, and local failure-free survival. Univariate and multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to identify prognostic factors.

Results:
Sixty-five patients were identified. Before SBRT, 69.2% and 33.8% of patients received systemic therapy and lung-directed local therapy, respectively, for metastatic disease. At the time of SBRT, 64.6% had lung-only involvement. Median survivals were: OS of 20.3 months (95% confidence intervals [CI], 15.9-27.0 mo), progression-free survival of 5.7 months (95% CI, 3.2-7.0 mo), distant metastases-free survival of 5.8 months (95% CI, 3.2-7.6 mo), and local failure-free survival of 15.4 months (95% CI, 8.5-21.1 mo). Nearly all (98%) patients developed distant progression. Extra lung and liver involvement at the time of initial metastases (hazard ratios [HR] 2.10) and extra lung involvement at SBRT (HR 2.67) were the only independent predictors of OS. Net gross target volume of >14.1 mL (HR 2.49) was the only independent predictor of local failure-free survival.

Conclusions:
Reasonable survival and local control can be achieved with SBRT. We identified several prognostic factors testable in future prospective trials that may help improve patient selection.
Primary Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor
Authors: Herde Ryan F. , Kokeny Kristine E. , Reddy Chakravarthy B. , Akerley Wallace L. , Hu Nan , Boltax Jonathan P. , Hitchcock Ying J. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives:
Primary carcinoid tumors of the lung are rare tumors which comprise approximately 0.5% to 5% of all lung malignancies in adults and roughly 20% to 30% of all carcinoid tumors. The purpose of this retrospective, descriptive study was to describe the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of patients treated for primary pulmonary carcinoid tumor at a single institution.

Materials and Methods:
All patients with a diagnosis of primary pulmonary carcinoid tumor treated from 1989 to 2009 were reviewed. Data collected included demographics, pathology, tobacco use, clinical presentation, tumor location, tumor spread, treatment, and survival.

Results:
There were 59 cases of pulmonary carcinoid tumors: 47 typical (80%) and 12 atypical (20%). All but 4 patients underwent surgery, including 54 (92%) lung-sparing resections and 1 pneumonectomy. Five of 55 patients received concurrent adjuvant chemoradiation therapy; 4 patients with atypical and 1 with typical histology. Three additional patients with atypical carcinoid were treated only with adjuvant radiotherapy, palliative radiotherapy, or palliative chemotherapy, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier 5- and 10-year overall survivals were both 80% within the entire population. In the 88% of patients who achieved complete remission, disease-free survival was 98%. A review of a large series from the literature is also presented.

Conclusions:
Surgical resection was primary and adequate therapy for most typical carcinoid tumors with high overall survival and disease-free survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy might be considered for patients with atypical carcinoid tumors who present with adverse pathologic findings.
First intron length in mammals is associated with 5’ exon skipping rate
Authors: Park Seung Gu , Hannenhalli Sridhar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe first introns in eukaryotes are much longer than downstream introns. While the functional roles of large first introns have been studied extensively, investigations into the mechanisms leading up to extreme lengths are limited. Prominently, Hong et al. noted that the first introns are predominantly in 5’ UTR and suggested that its lengthening may have resulted from a 5’-ward shifting of donor site due to a lower selection on splice site, as well as a selection to occlude upstream cryptic translation start sites. Here we suggest exon skipping as an alternative mechanism for first intron lengthening. Exon skipping results in consecutive introns becoming part of a single longer intron. We reasoned that a 5’-biased exon skipping rate could lead to longer introns toward the 5’-end of the gene, especially the first intron. Based on multiple datasets in human and mouse, we indeed found that internal exons toward the 5’-end of the gene are skipped significantly more frequently than the downstream exons. Importantly, we show that 5’-biased exon skipping is supported by consistent 5’-bias in several genomic, epigenomic, contextual, and evolutionary features that can be functionally linked to exon skipping. Interestingly, we found that first introns are enriched for relics of, now defunct, exons, some of which may have been recruited for regulatory functions; a significantly greater-than-expected fraction of such exons are included in cDNAs in other mammals. Overall, our results offer 5’-biased exon skipping as a novel, and arguably more potent, alternative explanation for substantially lengthening of first introns.
Foliar and soil concentrations and stoichiometry of nitrogen and phosphorous across European Pinus sylvestris forests: relationships with climate, N deposition and tree growth
Authors: Sardans Jordi , Alonso Rocio , Janssens Ivan A. , Carnicer Jofre , Vereseglou Stavros , Rillig Matthias C. , Fernández‐Martínez Marcos , Sanders Tanja G. M. , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: August 2015

Summary

This study investigated the factors underlying the variability of needle and soil elemental composition and stoichiometry and their relationships with growth in Pinus sylvestris forests throughout the species' distribution in Europe by analysing data from 2245 forest stands.

Needle N concentrations and N:P ratios were positively correlated with total atmospheric N deposition, whereas needle P concentrations were negatively correlated. These relationships were especially pronounced at sites where high levels of N deposition coincided with both higher mean annual temperature and higher mean annual precipitation. Trends towards foliar P deficiency were thus more marked when high N deposition coincided with climatic conditions favourable to plant production.

Atmospheric N deposition was positively correlated with soil solution , , K+, P and Ca2+ concentrations, the soil solution :P ratio, total soil N and the total soil N:Olsen P ratio and was negatively correlated with soil Olsen P concentration.

Despite these nutrient imbalances, during the period studied (1990–2006), N deposition was positively related with Pinus sylvestris absolute basal diameter (BD) growth, although only accounting for the 10% of the total variance. However, neither N deposition nor needle N concentration was related with relative annual BD growth. In contrast, needle P concentration was positively related with both absolute and relative annual BD growth.

These results thus indicate a tendency of European P. sylvestris forests to store N in trees and soil in response to N deposition and unveil a trend towards increased nutrient losses in run‐off as a consequence of higher soil solution N concentrations. Overall, the data show increasing ecosystem nutrient imbalances with increasingly limiting roles of P and other nutrients such as K in European P. sylvestris forests, especially in the centre of their distribution where higher levels of N deposition are observed. Thus, although the data show that N deposition has had an overall positive effect on P. sylvestris growth, the effect of continuous N deposition, associated with decreasing P and K and increasing N:P in leaves and in soil, may in the future become detrimental for the growth and competitive ability of P. sylvestris trees.
Inversion of inline and broadside marine controlled‐source electromagnetic data with constraints derived from seismic data
Authors: Wiik Torgeir , Nordskag Janniche Irén , Dischler Eirik Øverland , Nguyen Anh Kiet 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTWe present a structural smoothing regularization scheme in the context of inversion of marine controlled‐source electromagnetic data. The regularizing hypothesis is that the electrical parameters have a structure similar to that of the elastic parameters observed from seismic data. The regularization is split into three steps. First, we ensure that our inversion grid conforms with the geometry derived from seismic. Second, we use a seismic stratigraphic attribute to define a spatially varying regularization strength. Third, we use an indexing strategy on the inversion grid to define smoothing along the seismic geometry. Enforcing such regularization in the inversion will encourage an inversion result that is more intuitive for the interpreter to deal with. However, the interpreter should also be aware of the bias introduced by using seismic data for regularization. We illustrate the method using one synthetic example and one field data example. The results show how the regularization works and that it clearly enforces the structure derived from seismic data. From the field data example we find that the inversion result improves when the structural smoothing regularization is employed. Including the broadside data improves the inversion results even more, due to a better balancing between the sensitivities for the horizontal and vertical resistivities.
Facility‐based treatment for medical complications resulting from unsafe pregnancy termination in the developing world, 2012: a review of evidence from 26 countries
Authors: Singh S , Maddow‐Zimet I 
Published: August 2015

With changing conditions affecting receipt of postabortion care, an updated estimate of the incidence of treatment for complications from unsafe pregnancy termination is needed to inform policies and programmes. National estimates of facility‐based treatment for complications in 26 countries form the basis for estimating treatment rates in the developing world. An estimated seven million women were treated in the developing world for complications from unsafe pregnancy termination in 2012, a rate of 6.9 per 1000 women aged 15–44 years. Regionally, rates ranged from 5.3 in Latin America and the Caribbean to 8.2 in Asia. Results inform policies to improve women's health.Tweetable abstractAn estimated 7 million women were treated in the developing world for complications of unsafe TOP in 2012.
An Autopsy Case of Acute Massive Hematochezia Caused by Superior Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis: A First Report in Forensic Medicine
Authors: Watanabe Mayumi , Unuma Kana , Makino Yohsuke , Noritake Kanako , Yamada Atsushi , Iwase Hirotaro , Uemura Koichi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSuperior mesenteric vein thrombosis (SMVT) is an uncommon cause of intestinal ischemia and massive gastrointestinal bleeding. This report describes a man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, who died of massive hematochezia due to SMVT. A medicolegal autopsy disclosed a thrombus at the superior mesenteric vein and hemorrhagic infarction of the bowel wall, an area also within the territory of the superior mesenteric vein. Liver cirrhosis, an enlarged spleen, and esophageal varices without rupture were also observed, but ulcers and variceal bleeding were not. Other organs showed no significant findings. His blood alcohol level was 0.14% w/v. Thus, this man died from severe hematochezia associated with SMVT due to liver cirrhosis and alcohol dehydration, which can lead to coagulopathy and rapid progress of thrombus formation. This is the first report on an alternate cause for massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage with a cirrhotic patient in a forensic autopsy.
Accuracy and interrater reliability of paediatric emergency department triage
Authors: Allen Amy R , Spittal Matthew J , Nicolas Caroline , Oakley Ed , Freed Gary L 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the accuracy and reliability of triage of children in public hospital EDs using the Australasian Triage Scale (ATS). This is the first study to examine these issues in paediatric triage following the 2007 development of the Emergency Triage Education Kit (ETEK) to foster accurate and consistent application of the ATS.MethodsA convenience sample of 167 triage nurses working at three general hospitals and one speciality paediatric hospital in greater metropolitan Melbourne assigned triage ratings for nine paediatric clinical scenarios using the ATS. Scenarios were derived from the ETEK or from other published sources. Kappa was used to assess interrater reliability within and between hospitals.ResultsTriage nurses correctly assigned triage scores to an average of 5.3 of nine paediatric clinical scenarios. Accuracy in specific hospitals ranged from a low of 15% on one scenario, to 100% accuracy on a different scenario at a different hospital. Interrater reliability within and across the EDs studied was found to be kappa = 0.27. Both accuracy and interrater reliability were marginally higher at the speciality paediatric hospital.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate inconsistencies in the accuracy and reliability in which sick children presenting to EDs receive triage scores both within and across hospitals. These results suggest the need for improvements either in current triage nurse training or training resources. Use of the ETEK alone has not resulted in high levels of paediatric triage accuracy or reliability.
The Effects of a Beef‐Based Meal Compared to a Calorie Matched Bean‐Based Meal on Appetite and Food Intake
Authors: Bonnema Angela L. , Altschwager Deena , Thomas William , Slavin Joanne L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractProtein and fiber have strong satiety‐inducing potential. Beef is a high quality, protein‐rich food. Beans contain moderate levels of protein as well as fiber. To determine the effects of a high protein meal (beef) compared to a moderate protein, high fiber meal (beans) on subjective appetite and energy intake at a subsequent meal twenty‐eight adults, 14 men (ages 24 ± 5 y, BMI 23 ± 2 kg/m2) and 14 women (ages 25 ± 5 y, BMI 22 ± 2 kg/m2) consumed 2 test lunches containing a “meatloaf” made from either beef or beans. The beef meal provided 26 g of protein and 3 g of fiber while the bean meal provided 17 g of protein and 12 g of fiber. An ad libitum snack was given 3 h after the test meal. Visual analogue scales were used to assess hunger, satiety, fullness, and prospective food intake. Gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance was assessed over 24 h. No difference between the beef and bean was observed for appetite ratings over 3 h, food intake at the subsequent meal (632 ± 75 kcal compared with 611 ± 75 kcal, respectively), or sum of GI score (2.2 ± 0.5 compared with 2.9 ± 0.5, respectively). Gas and bloating were reported more often after the bean meal than the beef meal (2.0 ± 0.4 compared with 1.3 ± 0.4, P value 0.057). A beef‐based meal with high protein and a bean‐based meal with moderate protein and high fiber produced similar satiety, while the bean‐based meal resulting in higher, yet moderate, gas and bloating.
Dry eye in vitamin D deficiency: more than an incidental association
Authors: Yildirim Pelin , Garip Yeşim , Karci Ayse Aslihan , Guler Tuba 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this article is two‐fold: (i) to demonstrate the relation between vitamin D deficiency and dry eye and impaired tear function; and (ii) to investigate the possible associations among clinical parameters of hypovitaminosis D with dry eye parameters.MethodFifty premenopausal women with vitamin D deficiency (serum vitamin D levels < 20 ng/mL) and 48 controls were included. Participants were assessed by Schirmer's test, tear break‐up time test (TBUT), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), fatigue severity scale (FSS), and visual analogue scale‐pain (VAS‐pain).ResultsLower scores in Schirmer's test and TBUT, and higher in OSDI were detected in patients with vitamin D deficiency than in controls (P < 0.05). FSS was negatively correlated with Schirmer's test (r = −0,29; P = 0.038) and TBUT scores (r = −0,43; P = 0.002); VAS‐pain was negatively correlated with TBUT scores (r = −0.32; P = 0.023). HAQ scores showed no significant correlation with dry eye parameters (P > 0.05). Vitamin D level was negatively correlated with OSDI (r = −0.49; P < 0.001), and positively with Schirmer's test (r = 0.45; P = 0.001) and TBUT scores (r = 0.30; P = 0.029).ConclusionDry eye and impaired tear function in patients with vitamin D deficiency may indicate a protective role of vitamin D in the development of dry eye, probably by enhancing tear film parameters and reducing ocular surface inflammation. Patients with vitamin D deficiency should be evaluated for dry eye syndromes.