bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realtime Two‐Way Coupling of Meshless Fluids and Nonlinear FEM
Authors: Yang Lipeng , Li Shuai , Hao Aimin , Qin Hong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel method to couple Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and nonlinear FEM to animate the interaction of fluids and deformable solids in real time. To accurately model the coupling, we generate proxy particles over the boundary of deformable solids to facilitate the interaction with fluid particles, and develop an efficient method to distribute the coupling forces of proxy particles to FEM nodal points. Specifically, we employ the Total Lagrangian Explicit Dynamics (TLED) finite element algorithm for nonlinear FEM because of many of its attractive properties such as supporting massive parallelism, avoiding dynamic update of stiffness matrix computation, and efficient solver. Based on a predictor‐corrector scheme for both velocity and position, different normal and tangential conditions can be realized even for shell‐like thin solids. Our coupling method is entirely implemented on modern GPUs using CUDA. We demonstrate the advantage of our two‐way coupling method in computer animation via various virtual scenarios.
Attention to the media and worry over becoming infected: the case of the Swine Flu (H1N1) Epidemic of 2009
Authors: Mesch Gustavo S. , Schwirian Kent P. , Kolobov Tanya 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between attention to the mass media and concern about becoming infected with H1N1 in two nationwide random samples interviewed during the flu epidemic of 2009. The first sample (N = 1004) was taken at the end of the first wave of the outbreak in the US and the second sample (N = 1006) was taken as the second wave was accelerating. The data were gathered by the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press. Over the period studied, the percentage worried about becoming infected increased in almost all social categories of respondents. With social category controlled, both those who followed the H1N1 outbreak closely and those who were more interested in reports about it were more likely to be worried about becoming infected. As time went on, interest in media reports declined, but worry over infection continued to increase. Our findings imply that despite the decrease in the percentage of the population expressing interest and following the news, media exposure was the most important factor as it explained the likelihood of being concerned about the possibility of infection.
Call acoustics reflect body size across four clades of anurans
Authors: Gingras B. , Boeckle M. , Herbst C. T. , Fitch W. T. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn inverse relationship between body size and advertisement call frequency has been found in several frog species. However, the generalizability of this relationship across different clades and across a large distribution of species remains underexplored. We investigated this relationship in a large sample of 136 species belonging to four clades of anurans (Bufo, Hylinae, Leptodactylus and Rana) using semi‐automatic, high‐throughput analysis software. We employed two measures of call frequency: fundamental frequency (F0) and dominant frequency (DF). The slope of the relationship between male snout‐vent length (SVL) and frequency did not differ significantly among the four clades. However, Rana call at a significantly lower frequency relative to size than the other clades, and Bufo call at a significantly higher frequency relative to size than Leptodactylus. Because the relationship between F0 and body size may be more straightforwardly explained by biomechanical constraints, we confirmed that a similar inverse relationship was observed between F0 and SVL. Finally, spectral flatness, an indicator of the tonality of the vocalizations, was found to be inversely correlated with SVL, contradicting an oft‐cited prediction that larger animals should have rougher voices. Our results confirm a tight and widespread link between body size and call frequency in anurans, and suggest that laryngeal allometry and vocal fold dimensions in particular are responsible.
Experience with an allergen challenge chamber for clinical trials in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Krug N. , Badorrek P. , Hohlfeld J. M. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryAllergic rhinitis has the greatest prevalence of any respiratory disease and affects about 20% of the population in North America and Europe. There is an increasing need for allergen challenge systems to test anti‐allergic drugs under well‐controlled conditions. The allergen challenge chamber (ACC) is a room that enables reproducible challenges with controlled levels of inhalant allergens, temperature and humidity for several hours. ACCs have been used in Europe, North America and Japan to evaluate symptomatic and anti‐inflammatory medications for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. This review summarizes the experience with a typical ACC in Germany, the Fraunhofer Challenge Chamber, and describes the stability and reproducibility of the allergen exposure in the chamber. It further provides data for the specificity and reproducibility of clinical read‐out parameters, such as nasal symptom scores, nasal flow rates and nasal secretions, as well as of nasal biomarkers obtained in different validation studies. Typical study designs for testing the acute and prophylactic treatment effects of anti‐allergic substances are discussed. Regulatory authorities, such as the FDA and EMA, recommend the use of ACCs in drug development to evaluate the optimal dose and onset of action during early clinical development. In combination with natural‐exposure Phase III studies, they provide supportive evidence of superiority over placebo as an additional pharmacodynamic assessment tool. In particular, ACC studies may be of additional value in the clinical development of immunotherapy, because the variability of natural allergen exposure hampers the demonstration of efficacy in clinical trials.
New treatment strategies for allergic rhinitis utilizing the oral mucosa
Authors: Okamoto Y. , Inamine A. , Yonekura S. , Fujimura T. , Horiguchi S. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe oral mucosa is well known to be rich in dendritic cells (DCs), and the cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) are the draining lymph nodes for the oral mucosa. DCs play a crucial role in the induction of primary T cell‐dependent immune responses. Upon uptake of antigens on the oral mucosal surface, immature DCs in the oral mucosa are thought to migrate to the regional CLNs. The oral mucosa is a potential route for vaccine administration. We examined the efficacy and some candidate biomarkers of the clinical responses to sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with a cedar pollen extract against cedar pollinosis. We found that Lactobacillus KW3110 administered sublingually migrated to the CLNs, and was effective for decreasing the IgE production and nasal symptoms induced by antigen provocation. Through simultaneous stimulation with antigen, improved efficacy of SLIT may be achieved by an adjuvant with oral mucosal administration of Lactobacillus KW3110.
Therapeutic outcomes and immunological effects of sublingual immunotherapy for Japanese cedar pollinosis
Authors: Yuta A. , Ogihara H. , Yamanaka K. , Ogawa Y. , Mizutani H. , Okubo K. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIn Japan, about a quarter of the population has Japanese cedar pollinosis. One promising treatment is sublingual immunotherapy, which is under clinical investigation in Japan and not yet covered by the national health insurance system. Since 2005, we have treated more than 200 patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis. We found that sublingual immunotherapy is more effective than drug treatment, but less effective than subcutaneous immunotherapy. Moreover, patients receiving sublingual immunotherapy or subcutaneous immunotherapy use fewer concomitant medications than patients receiving drug treatment. Therefore, sublingual immunotherapy seems to be effective and associated with decreased drug use. The effect of sublingual immunotherapy seems to increase with increasing duration of treatment; the treatment seems to be more effective when continued for ≥4 years than when discontinued after 3 years. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism of action of sublingual immunotherapy. We found that sublingual immunotherapy increases the percentage of interleukin (IL)‐10–producing inducible regulatory T cells, and that IL‐10 is involved in the immune response to Japanese cedar pollen. Furthermore, levels of antigen‐specific immunoglobulin G4 are increased in the cedar pollen season in patients receiving sublingual immunotherapy, and serum levels of IL‐33 are increased in non‐responders. Our findings should contribute to the further development of sublingual immunotherapy for Japanese cedar pollinosis.
Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles
Authors: Hawkins Troy R. , Singh Bhawna , Majeau‐Bettez Guillaume , Strømman Anders Hammer 
Published: October 2012

SummaryElectric vehicles (EVs) coupled with low‐carbon electricity sources offer the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and exposure to tailpipe emissions from personal transportation. In considering these benefits, it is important to address concerns of problem‐shifting. In addition, while many studies have focused on the use phase in comparing transportation options, vehicle production is also significant when comparing conventional and EVs. We develop and provide a transparent life cycle inventory of conventional and electric vehicles and apply our inventory to assess conventional and EVs over a range of impact categories. We find that EVs powered by the present European electricity mix offer a 10% to 24% decrease in global warming potential (GWP) relative to conventional diesel or gasoline vehicles assuming lifetimes of 150,000 km. However, EVs exhibit the potential for significant increases in human toxicity, freshwater eco‐toxicity, freshwater eutrophication, and metal depletion impacts, largely emanating from the vehicle supply chain. Results are sensitive to assumptions regarding electricity source, use phase energy consumption, vehicle lifetime, and battery replacement schedules. Because production impacts are more significant for EVs than conventional vehicles, assuming a vehicle lifetime of 200,000 km exaggerates the GWP benefits of EVs to 27% to 29% relative to gasoline vehicles or 17% to 20% relative to diesel. An assumption of 100,000 km decreases the benefit of EVs to 9% to 14% with respect to gasoline vehicles and results in impacts indistinguishable from those of a diesel vehicle. Improving the environmental profile of EVs requires engagement around reducing vehicle production supply chain impacts and promoting clean electricity sources in decision making regarding electricity infrastructure.
Secondary forests of central Panama increase in similarity to old‐growth forest over time in shade tolerance but not species composition
Authors: Dent Daisy H. , DeWalt Saara J. , Denslow Julie S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractQuestionDoes species and functional composition of secondary tropical forests more closely follow a deterministic or a stochastic model of succession?LocationThe Barro Colorado Nature Monument (BCNM), central Panama. The BCNM comprises Barro Colorado Island (BCI) and five adjacent mainland peninsulas and is a mosaic of tropical old‐growth (OG) and secondary forests (SF).MethodsWe studied the species and functional composition of seedling, sapling and adult tree communities in a chronosequence of SF stands ranging in age from 20 to 100 yrs since abandonment, as well as two OG stands for comparison. Functional composition was defined as the representation of species with different degrees of shade tolerance. We also examined patterns of species diversity and dominance to better understand processes driving compositional changes.ResultsSpecies diversity recovered rapidly, and, by 20 yrs, species richness for all size classes was equivalent if not higher in SF compared to OG. Species diversity tended to be lower and species dominance higher for seedlings than saplings or adults. Seedling, sapling and adult tree species composition did not clearly increase in similarity to OG with forest age. Instead, differences in species composition among stands reflected variation in dominance by particular species. Light‐demanding species became less common and shade‐tolerant species more common over stand age, with the functional composition of older secondary forests converging on that of OG. The seedling and sapling communities across the chronosequence were composed of a shade‐tolerant subset of those species found in the stands as adults.ConclusionOur results suggest that recruitment into the seedling community of SF is determined by both predictable (e.g. selection for shade‐tolerant species) and unpredictable factors (e.g. species‐specific reproduction events and dispersal limitation). Recruitment into the sapling and tree communities reflects stronger, and potentially compounded, selection for shade‐tolerant species. Therefore, changes in the species composition of regenerating forests in this area appear to be unpredictable, even though the functional composition follows a more deterministic and predictable trajectory with convergence on OG over time.
“It Takes Two to Tango”: The Relational Domain in a Cohort of Subjects with Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Authors: Boddi Valentina , Corona Giovanni , Fisher Alessandra Daphne , Mannucci Edoardo , Ricca Valdo , Sforza Alessandra , Forti Gianni , Maggi Mario 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The relational domain of erectile dysfunction (ED) is difficult to investigate in a clinical setting. We developed and validated SIEDY, a 13-item structured interview, that evaluates, besides the organic (Scale 1) and intra-psychic (Scale 3) domains, also the relational one (Scale 2). We previously established a pathological threshold for SIEDY Scale 1 and 3.

Aim
The aim of this study is to identify a pathological threshold of SIEDY Scale 2.

Method
A nonselected, consecutive series of 2,992 subjects with ED was retrospectively evaluated. In a first consecutive series of 844 patients (Sample A, studied without systematically applying a psychometric test: Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire), a pathological threshold of SIEDY Scale 2 score was identified through receiver operating characteristic, using, as surrogate marker of impaired couple relationship, at least a positive answer to two standard questions on conflict within the couple and on the presence of extramarital affairs.

Main Outcome Measure
Sensitivity and specificity, along with possible associations with biological and psychological correlates were verified in a further sample of 2,148 patients (Sample B).

Results
In Sample A, a threshold of Scale 2 score ≥2 predicts couple impairment with a sensitivity of 53% and specificity of 66% and an overall accuracy of 62.0 ± 2.2% (P &lt; 0.0001). When this threshold was verified in sample B, Scale 2 score ≥2 was associated with a higher risk of anxiety and depressive symptoms, higher prevalence of psychopathology, and higher Scale 3 scoring, even after adjusting for confounders. In the same sample, a Scale 2 score ≥2 was associated with a reduced intimacy during sexual intercourse and overall worse sexual functioning.

Conclusion
Until now, no instrument is available to quantify the marital domain of ED. The validation of a threshold of SIEDY Scale 2 score (≥2) represents an easy tool for the identification of ED patients with a relevant marital impairment.
Influence of B2O3 Additive on Microwave Dielectric Properties of Li2ZnTi3O8 Ceramics for LTCC Applications
Authors: Liu Chih‐Yi , Tsai Bing‐Guang , Weng Min‐Hang , Huang Shyh‐Jer 
Published: October 2012

The effect of B2O3 addition on the microwave dielectric properties and microstructure of Li2ZnTi3O8 ceramics prepared using conventional solid‐state reaction was investigated for low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) applications. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the effect of B2O3 addition on the sintering process. The Li2ZnTi3O8 ceramic sintered at 875°C with 0.5 wt% B2O3 for 4 h showed good microwave dielectric properties including εr = 25, Q × f = 50,917 GHz, and τf = −17.8 ppm/°C. Silver was found to be unreactive toward the 0.5 wt% B2O3 doped Li2ZnTi3O8 ceramic under the above sintering conditions.
Quasar feedback in the early Universe: The case of SDSS J1148+5251
Authors: Valiante Rosa , Schneider Raffaella , Maiolino Roberto , Salvadori Stefania , Bianchi Simone 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Galaxy-scale gas outflows triggered by active galactic nuclei have been proposed as a key physical process to regulate the co-evolution of nuclear black holes and their host galaxies. The recent detection of a massive gas outflow in one of the most distant quasars, SDSS J1148+5251 at z= 6.4, presented by Maiolino et al., strongly supports this idea and suggests that strong quasar feedback is already at work at very early times. In a previous work, Valiante et al., we have presented a hierarchical semi-analytical model, GAMETE/QSOdust, for the formation and evolution of high-redshift quasars, and we have applied it to the quasar SDSS J1148+5251, with the aim of investigating the star formation history, the nature of the dominant stellar populations and the origin and properties of the large dust mass observed in the host galaxy. A robust prediction of the model is that the evolution of the nuclear black hole and of the host galaxy are tightly coupled by quasar feedback in the form of strong galaxy-scale winds. In the present Letter, we show that the gas outflow rate predicted by GAMETE/QSOdust is in good agreement with the lower limit of 3500M⊙yr−1 inferred by the observations. According to the model, the observed outflow at z= 6.4 is dominated by quasar feedback, as the outflow rate has already considerably depleted the gas content of the host galaxy, leading to a downturn in the star formation rate at z &lt; 7–8. Hence, we predict that supernova explosions give a negligible contribution to the observed winds at z= 6.4.
XMM—Newton and Swift observations of the Type IIb supernova 2011dh in Messier 51
Authors: Campana Sergio , Immler Stefan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The Type IIb supernova (SN) 2011dh exploded in the nearby galaxy M51 (the Whirlpool galaxy) and provides us with one of the best laboratories to study early high-energy emission from SNe. We give here a comprehensive view of the X-ray properties of SN 2011dh from the analyses of two pointed XMM—Newton early observations as well as the full Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT) data set (163 ks). Due to the high XMM—Newton throughput, we were able to satisfactorily fit the X-ray spectrum with two hot diffuse gas components including an additional absorption component to our Galaxy. A power-law model provided a worse description of the data. In addition, the early Swift XRT light curve hints of a flux excess at early times (≲3 d), consistent with the adiabatic cooling of stellar's photosphere a few days after the shock breakout.
Believing versus Disbelieving in Free Will: Correlates and Consequences
Authors: Baumeister Roy F. , Brewer Lauren E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSome people believe more than others in free will, and researchers have both measured and manipulated those beliefs. Disbelief in free will has been shown to cause dishonest, selfish, aggressive, and conforming behavior, and to reduce helpfulness, learning from one’s misdeeds, thinking for oneself, recycling, expectations for occupational success, and actual quality of performance on the job. Belief in free will has been shown to have only modest or negligible correlations with other variables, indicating that it is a distinct trait. Belief in free will has correlated positively with life satisfaction and finding life meaningful, with self‐efficacy and self‐control, with low levels of stress, and (though not entirely consistently) with internal locus of control. High belief in free will has been linked to a punitive attitude toward wrongdoers and lower forgiveness toward them. The belief seems to involve a sense of agency and expecting others to behave in morally responsible fashion.
Intercultural Citizenship, Civic Nationalism, and Nation Building in Québec: From Common Public Language to Laïcité
Authors: Dupré Jean‐François 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article analyses the current citizenship‐nation building nexus in Québec in light of government publications and recent public discourses on ethnocultural pluralism and immigrant integration. First, the article surveys the changing relationship between Québécois nationalism and citizenship according to political circumstances in Québec, suggesting that debates over immigrant integration have played a central role in the creation of a civic Québécois identity, initially based on French as the public language and interculturalism. The article then analyses recent public debates surrounding ‘reasonable accommodation’ in Québec, and identifies a growing emphasis on laïcité – the secularisation of the public space – as identity marker. This article attributes this growing focus on secularism to dissatisfied nationalists seeking to reclaim the cultural prominence of the French Canadian majority in provincial institutions and press for measures aimed at enhancing Québec's distinctiveness and autonomy within the Canadian institutional framework. On a more normative note, the article argues that while language nationalism is reconcilable with ethnocultural pluralism, recent discourses on the secularisation of the public space constrain the emergence of an openly pluralistic stance on national belonging in the province, and undermines the legitimacy of Québec interculturalism.