bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative Transcriptomic and Single-Cell Protein Characterization of Colorectal Carcinoma Delineates Distinct Tumor Immune Microenvironments Associated with Overall Survival
Authors: Hissong Erika , Bhinder Bhavneet , Kim Junbum , Ohara Kentaro , Ravichandran Hiranmayi , Assaad Majd Al , Elsoukkary Sarah , Shusterman Michael , Khan Uqba , Eng Kenneth Wha , Bareja Rohan , Manohar Jyothi , Sigouros Michael , Rendeiro Andre F. , Jessurun Jose , Ocean Allyson J. , Sboner Andrea , Elemento Olivier , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Shah Manish A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying therapeutic response and prognosis, and evidence suggests the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays a pivotal role. Using advanced molecular and spatial biology technologies, we aimed to evaluate the TIME in patients with CRC to determine whether specific alterations in the immune composition correlated with prognosis.
We identified primary and metastatic tumor samples from 31 consented patients, which were profiled with whole-exome sequencing and bulk RNA-seq. Immune cell deconvolution followed by gene set enrichment analysis and unsupervised clustering was performed. A subset of tumors underwent in situ analysis of the TIME spatial composition at single-cell resolution through Imaging Mass Mass Cytometry.
Gene set enrichment analysis revealed two distinct groups of advanced CRC, one with an immune activated phenotype and the other with a suppressed immune microenvironment. The activated TIME phenotype contained increased Th1 cells, activated dendritic cells, tertiary lymphoid structures, and higher counts of CD8+ T cells whereas the inactive or suppressed TIME contained increased macrophages and a higher M2/M1 ratio. Our findings were further supported by RNA-seq data analysis from the TCGA CRC database, in which unsupervised clustering also identified two separate groups. The immunosuppressed CRC TIME had a lower overall survival probability (HR 1.66, p=0.007).
This study supports the pertinent role of the CRC immune microenvironment in tumor progression and patient prognosis. We characterized the immune cell composition to better understand the complexity and vital role that immune activity states of the TIME play in determining patient outcome.
A definitive blue carbon measurement regime streamlined by discerning suitable novel services
Authors: Gallagher John Barry , Ray Raghab , Chuan Chee Hoe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

An accurate blue carbon methodology for atmospheric carbon offsets remains elusive, if based solely on changes and export of carbon stocks. Firstly, it is a zero–sum gain to include ex situ organic carbon storage—it is a minor component and difficult to measure. Secondly, no additional sequestration comes from inorganic carbon exports—alkalinity outwelling increases the carbon sequestration of coastal waters while reducing the wetlands’, conversely with dissolved inorganic carbon outwelling. Thirdly, failing to account for allochthonous recalcitrant carbon considerably inflates the wetlands’ carbon sink, as does ignoring respiratory subsidies from partial allochthonous non–refractory mineralisation. Nonetheless, carbon mitigation is enhanced by considering a novel burial service—protection of the remaining allochthonous non–refractory carbon from coastal remineralization. By integrating all these factors relative to the baseline, a practical and parsimonious measurement regime emerges, however, that must also consider the reduction of CO2 air–sea fluxes during submersion cycles.
Intensified land uses lead to lower taxonomic richness of nematodes, springtails, and mites in a global meta-analysis
Authors: Betancur-Corredor Bibiana , Zaitsev Andrey , Russell David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The primary cause of soil biodiversity loss and one of the most significant threats to global biodiversity is land use intensification. Intensification gradients describe the spectrum of land use schemes employed for human benefits. Through the meta-analysis of faunal measurements in global intensification gradients, this study aims to systematically evaluate and quantify the effects of different forms of land use intensification on nematodes, springtails, mites, and enchytraeids. Additionally, it seeks to examine the dependence of these effects on abiotic predictors like soil properties and climate. We found that the taxonomic richness of nematodes, springtails, and mites is lower under intensified land uses. Assessing the effects on enchytraeid taxonomic richness was not possible due to the sparsity of data. When comparing arable croplands to undisturbed ecosystems, nematode density is lower in the former; no significant differences were observed for any other intensification form. Mites and springtails were more likely to show lower taxonomic richness in intensive land uses. The effects of intensification on the taxonomic richness of springtails and mites indicate that these organisms are highly vulnerable to intensification across a wide range of climatic zones. In locations with higher mean annual precipitation, increased land use had a significantly greater negative influence on nematode, springtail, and mite density and taxonomic richness. The effects of intensification suggested possible interactions between soil pH, land management practices, and soil fauna community composition. The findings imply that the density and taxonomic richness of the investigated faunal communities may be more significantly impacted by the intensity of land use overall than by individual management practices. Our study emphasizes the need for region-specific and climate-sensitive approaches to land management to mitigate the adverse effects of intensification on soil faunal biodiversity.
Improved Value Alignment in Large Language Models Using Variational Best-of-N Techniques
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Li Jinhua , Zhang Yifan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Large language models have shown high capabilities in generating human-like text and performing complex language-related tasks, yet they face significant challenges regarding value alignment to prevent the generation of harmful or biased content. The novel integration of the Variational Best-of-N technique within the Llama model enhances the ability to generate ethically aligned content by evaluating multiple candidate outputs and selecting the most appropriate one based on predefined ethical criteria. This research involved modifying the core architecture of Llama, introducing additional layers for variational inference, and implementing a sophisticated scoring mechanism to evaluate ethical alignment. Comprehensive preprocessing, balanced training data, and rigorous fine-tuning were employed to optimize the model's performance, resulting in significant improvements in coherence, relevance, and adherence to ethical standards. The modified model was rigorously evaluated using metrics such as perplexity, BLEU score, ROUGE score, and a custom ethicality score, and the results were compared with baseline models like GPT-3 and BERT. Statistical analyses confirmed that the observed improvements were statistically significant. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modifications and their potential to enhance the ethical alignment of language models, thereby contributing to the development of more trustworthy and reliable AI systems. This study sets a precedent for future innovations in the field of ethical AI, ensuring that AI systems serve the broader good of society.
Quantifying the potential for mineral carbonation of processed kimberlite with the Rietveld-PONKCS method
Authors: Wang Baolin , Zeyen Nina , Wilson Sasha , Funk Rebecca , Turvey Connor C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Quantitative phase analysis (QPA) using the Rietveld method and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns is useful for predicting the reactivity of a rock to carbon dioxide (CO2) and for quantifying mineral carbonation. Lizardite and smectites in kimberlite are reactive to CO2, but they are structurally disordered and cannot be quantified using the standard Rietveld approach. In this study, the Partial Or No Known Crystal Structure (PONKCS) method was used to model the peak profiles of a smectite and lizardite to account for turbostratic stacking disorder in synthetic samples of processed kimberlite. Lizardite and montmorillonite PONKCS models were made using XRD patterns collected with three X-ray diffractometers: two XRDs from the same manufacturer and of similar model (XRDs B1 and B2) and another XRD from a different manufacturer (XRD A1). Five synthetic samples of processed kimberlite of known compositions were prepared and used to test the results of these PONKCS models for data collected from all three instruments. The results provide a total bias ranging from 4.2–14.1 wt.% using correctly calibrated, instrument-specific PONKCS models. We also tested the sensitivity of the PONKCS method to changes in instrument geometry: PONKCS models calibrated for one instrument (XRD B1) were used in refinements with XRD data collected on an instrument made by a different manufacturer (XRD A1), or on a similar instrument made by the same company but having a slightly different geometry (XRD B2). Results were highly inaccurate when PONKCS models calibrated to XRD B1 were used with patterns collected on XRD A1 (32.1–71.6 wt.% total bias for our weighed mixtures). Our results show that the smaller differences in instrument parameters between XRD B1 and XRD B2 can also lead to inconsistent and less accurate QPA results using PONKCS (9.8–32.7 wt.% total bias). Therefore, correct calibration of PONKCS models to a specific XRD instrument is required for accurate QPA and quantification of CO2 mineralization in clay-rich rocks.
Black Women College Administrators Perspectives on Informal Mentoring: A Phenomenological Case Study
Authors: Havens-McVea Kimberly 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Within this qualitative phenomenological case study, I explored the perspectives of informal mentoring as a coping strategy to navigate workplace and career stagnation for Black women college administrators in the United States. Findings from their experiences indicate that while formal mentoring and sponsorship existed for their counterparts, it was not accessible for them. The participants described informal mentoring was needed and helpful for their workplace challenges and for the cultivation of their leadership growth strategies, particularly as employees at predominately white institutions. Seven themes emerged: (a) Defining Supportive Relationships; (b) Relevancy of Race and Gender in Mentoring; (c) Cultivating Kinships and Networks; (d) Identifying Salient Challenges; (e) Navigating Campus Culture; (f) Penetrating Boundaries to Leadership; and (7) Leveraging for Leadership.
Keywords: mentoring; Black women college administrators, counterspaces; Black feminist theory
Functionality of water supply handpumps in Cameroon (Central Africa)
Authors: Dang Mvongo Victor , Defo Célestin 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

This review presents updated and expanded handpump functionality estimates for 310 councils in the 10 regions of Cameroon. The methodological approach used in this study was based on online searches using the database of Participatory Development Assistance Software (Pro-ADP). Overall, the study estimates that the number of handpumps used as the main source of drinking water supply in Cameroon is 20,572. Our findings suggest that about one in three handpumps in Cameroon is nonfunctional, which in 2022 was roughly equivalent to 6,724 inoperative water points. According to this estimate, it is about 44.8 billion CFA francs, or 66.8 million USD, was invested in the construction of water points that are immobilized and do not generate any benefit. The review has found that the community-based management of handpump water supply seems not to have given the expected results. Further, there are questions in relation to the quality of handpump material and the corrosion of handpumps which have not been sufficiently taken into account in the various research projects in Cameroon and Sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, the implementation of post-construction monitoring, physical audits, and handpump rehabilitation campaigns could shed light on these issues in order to improve the performance of handpumps.
Morpho-hydrodynamic processes impacted by the 2022-extreme La Niña event and high river discharge conditions in the southern coastal area of West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmat Amanulloh Fahmi , Romdani Andhy 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

The significance of sediment-laden river discharges is strongly related to climate change and rainfall intensity, resulting in severe erosion of the catchment areas and riverbanks. The combination of tides and waves considerably influence the sediment transport and distribution patterns of an estuary, inducing the sedimentary processes of the coastal area. This study aims to analyze the impacts of the La Niña event in 2022 and high river discharges in the Bojong Salawe Beach, Pangandaran. This area has a large estuary with several tributaries, with a high potential for erosion and sedimentation. Furthermore, its location directly faces the Indian Ocean, posing the risk of wind-induced high waves. The methods used in this research are descriptive analysis (using dataset ERA-5 taken from the Copernicus Climate Change Service) and numerical models (using Mike21) with an identification of erosion and accretion processes. The results show that the boreal autumn 2022 significantly impacted the study area, compared to the boreal winter 2022. Higher precipitation levels during boreal autumn substantially increased the river discharges, transferring the total load of sediment of about 1.48 × 10−3 m3/s/m. Moreover, shoreline change analysis using digital shoreline analysis system confirmed that Bojong Salawe Beach was indicated to experience high erosion, particularly around the mouth of the estuary.
Long-term hydro-morphological changes in rivers: a case study
Authors: Azim Noran Mohamed Abdel 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Over time, river hydro-morphological changes cause net aggradation or degradation in bed cross-sections. The presence of sediments in the flowing water as suspended or bed loads, as well as modifications to flow characteristics like velocity and discharge, are the main causes of these alterations. This study examined long-term hydro-morphological changes over 21 years (1982–2003) in the third Egyptian Nile River reach using bathymetric and hydrological data together with numerical simulation. The aims were to track the hydro-morphological changes, including aggradation and degradation, check the ability of HEC-RAS to determine the water surface profile, and check sections of different zones for navigation. It was found that most of the reach under study suffered degradation in the 21–year study period, with net volumes ranging between 8 and 779 m3/m; the water surface profile calculated using HEC-RAS matched well with the measured one, the zone located between km 526 and km 534 changed from safe to unsafe for navigation, and the zone located between km 397 and km 385 changed from unsafe to safe for navigation.
A deep learning approach to water point detection and mapping using street-level imagery
Authors: Patel Neil 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Households in developing countries often rely on alternative shared water sources that exist outside of the datasets of public service providers. This poses a significant challenge to accurately measuring the number of households outside the public service system that use a safe and accessible water source. The article proposed a novel deep learning approach that utilizes a convolutional neural network to detect and geo-reference communal water points using Google Street View imagery. Using a case study of the Agege local government area in Lagos, Nigeria, the model processed 39 kilometres of street network in 26 minutes, successfully detecting 36 previously unregistered water points with 94.7% precision and US$0 out-of-pocket expenses. In doing so, it presents a highly precise, low-cost, and scalable solution to closing geospatial data gaps on WASH access in developing countries.
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans MRI: A Preliminary Comparison of Different Sequences
Authors: Xu Kangjie , Li Ziyuan , Li Wei , Qiu Jianxing , Li Hang , Li Yurong , Peng Rui 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to compare the image quality of different MRI sequences regarding the presentation of Dermatofibrosarcoma
Protuberans (DFSP).

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively collected MRI images of 40 patients who had been pathologically diagnosed with DFSP, including 21 primary tumors and 19
recurrent tumors. The image quality of different MRI sequences was assessed subjectively by two radiologists, taking into account the display of
the lesions, artifacts, and distortions, as well as the overall impact of the image quality

Results:
Among the 40 cases, 22 cases involved the trunk, 14 cases involved the shoulders and limbs, 2 cases involved the head and neck, 1 case involved
the breast, and 1 case involved the groin. In terms of image quality, fat suppression T2-weighted images were superior to T1-weighted images and
T2-weighted images (P<0.05). The difference between fat suppression T2-weighted images and contrast-enhanced images was not significant
(P>0.05). As far as lesion contrast is concerned, diffusion-weighted images, fat suppression T2-weighted images, and contrast-enhanced images
did not differ significantly (P>0.05). On the DWI images, there were severe magnetic artifacts and deformations.

Conclusions:
Fat suppression T2-weighted images and enhanced sequences produce the highest quality images, while diffusion-weighted images provide the
best lesion contrast.
The Effect of Dapagliflozin on Heart Function in Animal Models of Cardiac Ischemia, A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kianfar Tina , Hasan Raquibul , Azizi Yaser , Ramezani Fatemeh 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the therapeutic
effect of Dapagliflozin (DAPA) on animals suffering from myocardial ischemia reperfusion compared
to the group that did not receive treatment.

Methods:
According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria two researchers performed the primary
and secondary screening based on the title abstract and full text. After data extraction, meta-analysis
was performed using STATA software. Standardized mean differences were used to analyze the results
of the reported studies. Subgroup analysis and quality control of articles were also conducted.

Results:
A total of 21 separate experiments showed that DAPA increased mean fractional shortening
(%FS) and ejection fraction (%EF) compared to the untreated animals. A significant reduction
in the weight and size of the infarcted area and significant increases in dp/dt+, dp/dt-, left ventricular
end-systolic internal dimensions (LVIDs), left ventricular end-diastolic internal dimensions
(LVIDd), Volume systole and Volume diastole were observed in treated animals.

Conclusion:
DAPA has the potential to become a candidate for the treatment of post-ischemic heart
damage, pending animal and human studies to validate this.
Analisis Sosial Media Monitoring TikTok Terhadap Event Make Over ‘DREAMscape’ pada Bulan Maret 2024
Authors: Salsabila Putriani , Hafiar Hanny , Priyatna Centurion Chandratama 
Published: July 2024

AbstrakSemakin berkembangnya zaman dan teknologi, brand-brand kecantikan dituntut untuk bisa terus berinovasi dan menciptakan kreatifitas baru. Menurut data Kemenko Perekonomian RI 2024, pada tahun 2023 industri kosmetik di Indonesia berkembang hingga 21,9%, yakni dari 913 perusahaan di 2022 menjadi 1.010 perusahaan. Bertumbuhnya brand kecantikan di Indonesia tentunya tidak hanya menambah persaingan namun juga menumbuhkan potensi brand untuk berkolaborasi. Experiential event bertajuk ‘DREAMscapes’, merupakan hasil kerja sama dari tiga brand kecantikan asal Indonesia, Make Over, Instaperfect dan Tavi dengan menggandeng Haluu World, experiential creator asal Indonesia. Hal ini mengundang beragam respon terutama di media sosial TikTok, sehingga diperlukan media monitoring sebagai upaya pemantauan brand. Menggunakan paradigma positivisme dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan memanfaatkan alat pemantauan media Brand24 untuk melakukan pengumpulan data sentimen, penyebutan dan jangkauan di media sosial TikTok.Kata Kunci : Brand24, Media Monitoring, Make Over, TikTok Abstract As time and technology advances, beauty brands are required to continue to innovate and create new creativity. According to 2024 data from the Coordinating Ministry for the Economy of the Republic of Indonesia, in 2023 the cosmetics industry in Indonesia will grow by 21.9%, namely from 913 companies in 2022 to 1,010 companies. The growth of beauty brands in Indonesia certainly not only increases competition but also increases the potential for brands to collaborate. The experiential event entitled 'DREAMscapes', is the result of collaboration between three beauty brands from Indonesia, Make Over, Instaperfect and Tavi in collaboration with Haluu World, an experiential creator from Indonesia. This invites various responses, especially on TikTok social media, so media monitoring is needed as a brand monitoring effort. Using a positivism paradigm with quantitative descriptive methods by utilizing the Brand24 media monitoring tool to collect sentiment, mention and reach data on TikTok social mediaKeywords: Brand24, Media Monitoring, Make Over, TikTok