bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of rotigotine transdermal patch in patients with Parkinson's disease presenting with non‐motor symptoms – results of a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Antonini A. , Bauer L. , Dohin E. , Oertel W. H. , Rascol O. , Reichmann H. , Schmid M. , Singh P. , Tolosa E. , Chaudhuri K. Ray 
Published: June 2015

Background and purposeNon‐motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) have a major impact on health‐related quality of life. This is the first randomized controlled trial to use the NMS Scale (NMSS) as a primary outcome to assess treatment effects on NMS in PD.MethodsIn this double‐blind trial (NCT01300819), patients with PD and a total NMSS score ≥40 were randomized (2:1) to rotigotine or placebo, titrated over 1–7 weeks to optimal dose (≤8 mg/24 h for patients not receiving levodopa, ≤16 mg/24 h for patients receiving levodopa), maintained for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in NMSS total score from baseline to end of maintenance. Secondary outcomes were the nine NMSS domains, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III (motor) and the 39‐item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐39).ResultsIn total, 283/349 (81.1%) randomized patients completed the trial; 211 rotigotine and 122 placebo were included in the full analysis set. The NMSS total score decreased by 23 (rotigotine) and 19 (placebo) points; the treatment difference was not statistically significant (−3.58; 95% confidence interval −8.43, 1.26; P = 0.147). Numerically greater than placebo improvements were detected in the ‘mood/apathy’ and ‘miscellaneous’ NMSS domains (P < 0.05). Treatment differences in UPDRS III (−2.60; −4.27, −0.92; P = 0.002) and PDQ‐39 (−2.79; −5.21, −0.37; P = 0.024) favoured rotigotine. Adverse events reported more frequently with rotigotine were nausea, application site reactions, somnolence and headache.ConclusionsRotigotine improvement in the multi‐domain NMSS total score was not superior to placebo. A different sensitivity of individual NMSS domains to dopaminergic therapy and a large placebo effect may have contributed to these findings.
Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis affecting all cheek teeth in two horses: Clinical and histopathological findings
Authors: Moore N. T. , Schroeder W. , Staszyk C. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThis report describes the clinical presentation and histopathological findings of two horses with equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) affecting all cheek teeth. Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis is a well documented condition known to affect the incisors, canines and occasionally the premolars in horses. At this time there have been no documented cases of EORTH affecting all cheek teeth described in the peer reviewed literature. This paper documents the first reported cases of EOTRH affecting the cheek teeth in one horse in the United States and one from Germany.
Cataracts: Clinical presentations, diagnosis and management
Authors: Townsend W. M. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryCataracts can be developmental or acquired lesions and cause minimal or significant visual impairment. The ability to identify cataracts and determine the likely effect on the visual potential of the horse is an important part of an equine ocular examination. Cataract surgery is the only treatment for those cataracts that cause significant visual impairment. Understanding appropriate patient selection and potential post operative complications is important so that owners can be appropriately advised of their options.
Revisiting the phylogeography ofAsellus aquaticusin Europe: insights into cryptic diversity and spatiotemporal diversification
Authors: Sworobowicz Lidia , Grabowski Michał , Mamos Tomasz , Burzyński Artur , Kilikowska Adrianna , Sell Jerzy , Wysocka Anna 
Published: June 2015

SummaryPleistocene glaciations affected the present‐day distribution and genetic diversity of animal species in Europe. Deep genetic subdivisions observed in European populations of the widespread freshwater isopod morphospecies,Asellus aquaticus, suggest the presence of putative cryptic species.We used theDNAbarcodes of the cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene combined with distance‐ and tree‐based methods of species delimitation as a rapid tool for assessing the number of distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) representing potential cryptic species. The spatial and demographic aspect ofA. aquaticusdistribution was also analysed. We generated a tentative temporal framework for diversification within the morphospecies provided by the molecular clock approach. Altogether, our study included 603COIsequences from 147 populations from all over Europe and Asia Minor, including the already published data deposited in GenBank.The mtDNA‐based phylogenetic andOTUdelimitation pattern was assessed with results of the nuclear data set analysis including the sequence data derived from this study and those previously submitted in GenBank. In total, 16 haplotypes of28SrDNAwere used representing allCOI‐basedOTUs and 53 localities. Our results show thatA. aquaticusis a conglomerate of genetically distinctCOIOTUs. One of theOTUs seems to correspond to the nominative subspecies ofA. aquaticus aquaticus, recently redescribed from Sweden, and another with the recently describedA. kosswigi. Most of theOTUs are probably of pre‐Pleistocene origin and have narrow ranges in southern Europe.A recent expansion, in both demographic and spatial terms, was revealed in oneOTU, which is widely distributed in Europe and representsA. aquaticus aquaticus. This may be explained by the post‐glacial recolonisation processes. According to our data, thisOTUprobably emerged and initially diversified in the west Balkans in the Middle/Late Pliocene with several lineages surviving and diversifying through the Pleistocene glaciations and expanding during the interglacials.In some cases, our28Sdata support theCOI‐basedOTUs and provide ample evidence for the existence of distinctOTUs, especially in mountainous and karst areas. However, otherCOIOTUs are not reciprocally monophyletic with respect to nuclear marker. This phylogenetic pattern can be interpreted predominantly as a result of incomplete sorting of nuclear lineages, potentially indicating an ongoing speciation process, but also as an effect of introgression resulting from secondary contact of formerly peripatric or allopatric mitochondrial lineages.
Deriving nutrient targets to prevent excessive cyanobacterial densities in U.S. lakes and reservoirs
Authors: Yuan Lester L. , Pollard Amina I. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryHigh densities of cyanobacteria can interfere with the use of lakes and reservoirs for recreation and as sources for drinking water, and one approach for reducing the amount of cyanobacteria is to reduce nutrient concentrations in the waterbody.An approach is described for deriving numeric targets for concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) that are associated with a pre‐specified probability of cyanobacterial biovolume that exceeds the recommended World Health Organization thresholds for recreation in the water. The analysis consisted of two phases. First, a divisive tree algorithm was used to identify groups of lakes in which the relationship between nutrients and cyanobacterial biovolume was similar. Second, hierarchical Bayesian models were used to estimate relationships between cyanobacterial biovolume,TPandTN, while partitioning the observed variance in biovolume into components associated with sampling variability, temporal variability, and among‐lake differences.The final model accounted for 91% of the variance in cyanobacterial biovolume among different lakes and was used to identify nutrient concentrations that maintain a low probability of excessively high cyanobacterial biovolumes.When no classes of lakes were specified and the relationship between cyanobacterial biovolume and nutrient concentrations was modelled using a national data set, mean targets of 87 and 1100 μg L−1were derived forTPandTN, respectively, to maintain cyanobacterial biovolume below moderate risk levels as defined by the World Health Organization. After classification, mean nutrient targets in lakes that were found to be most susceptible to high biovolumes of cyanobacteria (i.e. deep lakes) were 61 and 800 μg L−1forTPandTN, while higher nutrient thresholds were observed for other classes of lakes.
Grain trapping by filamentous cyanobacterial and algal mats: implications for stromatolite microfabrics through time
Authors: Frantz C. M. , Petryshyn V. A. , Corsetti F. A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractArchean and Proterozoic stromatolites are sparry or fine‐grained and finely laminated; coarse‐grained stromatolites, such as many found in modern marine systems, do not appear until quite late in the fossil record. The cause of this textural change and its relevance to understanding the evolutionary history of stromatolites is unclear. Cyanobacteria are typically considered the dominant stromatolite builders through time, but studies demonstrating the trapping and binding abilities of cyanobacterial mats are limited. With this in mind, we conducted experiments to test the grain trapping and binding capabilities of filamentous cyanobacterial mats and trapping in larger filamentous algal mats in order to better understand grain size trends in stromatolites. Mats were cut into squares, inclined in saltwater tanks at angles from 0 to 75° (approximating the angle of lamina in typical stromatolites), and grains of various sizes (fine sand, coarse sand, and fine pebbles) were delivered to their surface. Trapping of grains by the cyanobacterial mats depended strongly on (i) how far filaments protruded from the sediment surface, (ii) grain size, and (iii) the mat's incline angle. The cyanobacterial mats were much more effective at trapping fine grains beyond the abiotic slide angle than larger grains. In addition, the cyanobacterial mats actively bound grains of all sizes over time. In contrast, the much larger algal mats trapped medium and coarse grains at all angles. Our experiments suggest that (i) the presence of detrital grains beyond the abiotic slide angle can be considered a biosignature in ancient stromatolites where biogenicity is in question, and, (ii) where coarse grains are present within stromatolite laminae at angles beyond the abiotic angle of slide (e.g., most modern marine stromatolites), typical cyanobacterial‐type mats are probably not solely responsible for the construction, giving insight into the evolution of stromatolite microfabrics through time.
MYC overexpression correlates with MYC amplification or translocation, and is associated with poor prognosis in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Choe Ji‐Young , Yun Ji Yun , Na Hee Young , Huh Jooryung , Shin Su‐Jin , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Paik Jin Ho , Kim Young A , Nam Soo Jeong , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Park Gyeongsin , Kim Ji Eun 
Published: June 2015

AimsWe aimed to investigate MYC expression and chromosomal aberration in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and the clinical significance of these factors.Methods and resultsSixty‐five patients with MCL, including 54 classic, nine blastoid and two pleomorphic variants, were enrolled. Expression of MYC, Ki67 and p53 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. MYC amplification or translocation was examined by fluorescence in‐situ hybridization. MYC expression was higher in blastoid/pleomorphic MCL variants (mean, 19.0%) than in classic MCL (mean, 1.9%; P < 0.001). Expression of p53 and Ki67 was also significantly higher in these variants. MYC amplification was found in two of 53 cases tested, both of which were blastoid variants with high MYC expression (29.7% and 20.4%). MYC translocation was found in two of 52 cases tested, both of which were pleomorphic variants with remarkably high MYC expression (68.5% and 71.0%). High MYC or p53 expression was significantly associated with shortened overall survival and progression‐free survival in univariable and multivariable analyses (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsMYC overexpression is a negative predictor of MCL patient outcomes. MYC gene amplification or translocation might be related to the pathogenesis of MCL, particularly in blastoid/pleomorphic variants.
A clinical study to measure anti‐erosion properties of a stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice relative to a sodium fluoride/triclosan dentifrice
Authors: West NX , Seong J , Hellin N , Eynon H , Barker ML , He T 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the enamel protection efficacy of a stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice to a sodium fluoride (NaF)/triclosan dentifrice following acidic erosive challenge.MethodsIn thisin situ, randomized, controlled, double‐blind, two‐treatment, four‐period crossover clinical trial, subjects wore an appliance fitted with human enamel samples 6 h day−1during each 15‐day treatment period. Twice each treatment day they swished with their assigned dentifrice slurry: 0.454% SnF2/0.077% NaF or 0.32% NaF/0.3% triclosan. After each treatment and two other times daily, subjects swished with 250 ml of orange juice over a 10‐min period (acidic erosive challenge). Enamel samples were measured for tooth surface loss using contact profilometry at baseline and days 10 and 15.ResultsThirty‐six subjects (mean age 44.8 years, range 23–65 years) were randomized to treatment; 33 subjects completed the final study visit. There were no statistically significant baseline differences (P > 0.44) in the specimen surfaces of the two dentifrice treatment groups via profilometry. At day 10, the SnF2dentifrice provided a statistically significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in enamel loss by 67% versus the NaF/triclosan dentifrice with estimated medians of 1.22 and 3.68 μm, respectively. At day 15, the SnF2dentifrice again provided a significantly greater benefit (P < 0.0001) against tooth surface loss versus the NaF/triclosan dentifrice, with 68% less erosion, and estimated medians of 1.60 and 5.03 μm, respectively. Both dentifrices were well tolerated.ConclusionA stabilized SnF2dentifrice provided superior protection against the initiation and progression of tooth enamel surface lossin situafter erosive challenge compared to a NaF/triclosan dentifrice.
Cheese fortification using saturated monoglyceride self‐assembly structures as carrier of omega‐3 fatty acids
Authors: Calligaris Sonia , Ignat Alexandra , Biasutti Marialuisa , Innocente Nadia , Nicoli Maria Cristina 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this research was to study the capacity of emulsions containing saturated monoglyceride self‐assembly structures to deliver omega‐3 fatty acids in fresh soft cheese. To this aim, fortified emulsions containing different ratios of milk, saturated monoglycerides (MGs) and cod liver oil were added to milk before cheese‐making. These emulsions were characterised by distinct microstructural features observed by polarised light microscopy and apparent viscosity values. The omega‐3 delivery performance of MG emulsions highlighted that this strategy allowed a good retention of the omega‐3‐rich oil in the curd (up to 75%). The fortified cheeses showed yield value and fat content higher than those of control samples. The enriched cheese showed hardness and cohesiveness obtained by texture profile analysis similar to those of the unfortified product. Only a slight decrease in gumminess was detected in fortified cheese.
Student selection and assignment methodology based on fuzzy MULTIMOORA and multichoice goal programming
Authors: Deliktas Derya , Ustun Ozden 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStudent selection is a multicriteria decision‐making problem that includes both tangible and intangible factors. In these problems if educational institutions have budget or other different constraints, two problems will exist: which students are the best and how students are assigned to the predefined programs? In this study, an integrated approach of fuzzy MULTIMOORA and multichoice conic goal programming is proposed to consider criteria in choosing the best students and define the optimum assignments among the predefined programs to maximize both the total preference value and total ranking value. The rankings of the students are determined by using fuzzy MULTIMOORA. The rankings of candidates are set as the parameters of the first objective function. The placement preferences of the students according to the predefined programs are considered in the second objective function. The candidates are assigned to their placement preferences both by using multichoice conic goal programming among partner universities according to the objectives and by considering the budget and quota.
Eurasian origin, boreotropical migration and transoceanic dispersal in the pantropical fern genusDiplazium(Athyriaceae)
Authors: Wei Ran , Xiang Qiaoping , Schneider Harald , Sundue Michael A. , Kessler Michael , Kamau Peris W. , Hidayat Arief , Zhang Xianchun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimGondwanan vicariance, boreotropical migration and long‐distance dispersal have been posited as alternative hypotheses explaining the tropical distribution patterns and diversifications in many fern groups. Here, the historical biogeography ofDiplaziumis reconstructed to evaluate the impact of these biogeographical processes in shaping the modern tropical disjunctions.LocationWorld‐wide with a focus on tropical forest habitats.MethodsDivergence times were estimated by analysing nucleotide sequences of seven plastidDNAregions (atpA,atpB,matK,rbcL,rps4,rps4–trnS andtrnL–F) from 123 species ofDiplaziumand its allied genera, using a Bayesian relaxed clock method and three fossil calibrations. The ancestral areas were reconstructed using the likelihood dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis (DEC) approach.ResultsThe crown group ofDiplaziumwas estimated to have originated in Eurasia and undergone an initial diversification in the Northern Hemisphere around 41.7 Ma [95% highest posterior density (HPD): 34–49 Ma] during the Eocene. Two disjunct events between the Old and New World were identified: one in subgenusDiplaziumaround the Eocene–Oligocene boundary (31.2 Ma, 95%HPD: 25–38 Ma), and the other in subgenusCallipterisduring the middle Miocene (12.6 Ma, 95%HPD: 15–23 Ma). Furthermore, Palaeotropical disjunctions in subgenusCallipterisare indicative of multiple dispersal events during the Miocene.Main conclusionsThe evolutionary history ofDiplaziuminvolves a variety of biogeographical scenarios. Early diversification ofDiplaziumin the Northern Hemisphere during the Eocene corresponds with the migration from Eurasia to North America over land bridges as a member of the boreotropical flora. The current tropical amphi‐Pacific disjunctions in subgenusDiplaziumcan be better explained by the disruption of boreotropical belt, however, long‐distance dispersal between Eurasia and tropical America cannot be ruled out. Island‐hopping and trans‐Pacific dispersals followed by speciation characterize the disjunctions and diversifications of subgenusCallipterisduring the Neogene. Gondwanan vicariance is not supported by any of our results.
Pridopidine, a dopamine stabilizer, improves motor performance and shows neuroprotective effects in Huntington disease R6/2 mouse model
Authors: Squitieri Ferdinando , Di Pardo Alba , Favellato Mariagrazia , Amico Enrico , Maglione Vittorio , Frati Luigi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHuntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which new treatments are urgently needed. Pridopidine is a new dopaminergic stabilizer, recently developed for the treatment of motor symptoms associated with HD. The therapeutic effect of pridopidine in patients with HD has been determined in two double‐blind randomized clinical trials, however, whether pridopidine exerts neuroprotection remains to be addressed. The main goal of this study was to define the potential neuroprotective effect of pridopidine, in HD in vivo and in vitro models, thus providing evidence that might support a potential disease‐modifying action of the drug and possibly clarifying other aspects of pridopidine mode‐of‐action. Our data corroborated the hypothesis of neuroprotective action of pridopidine in HD experimental models. Administration of pridopidine protected cells from apoptosis, and resulted in highly improved motor performance in R6/2 mice. The anti‐apoptotic effect observed in the in vitro system highlighted neuroprotective properties of the drug, and advanced the idea of sigma‐1‐receptor as an additional molecular target implicated in the mechanism of action of pridopidine. Coherent with protective effects, pridopidine‐mediated beneficial effects in R6/2 mice were associated with an increased expression of pro‐survival and neurostimulatory molecules, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor and DARPP32, and with a reduction in the size of mHtt aggregates in striatal tissues. Taken together, these findings support the theory of pridopidine as molecule with disease‐modifying properties in HD and advance the idea of a valuable therapeutic strategy for effectively treating the disease.
Health professionals’ perceptions regarding family witnessed resuscitation in adult critical care settings
Authors: Bashayreh Ibrahim , Saifan Ahmad , Batiha Abdul‐Monim , Timmons Stephen , Nairn Stuart 
Published: June 2015

Aims and objectivesTo deepen our understanding of the perceptions of health professionals regarding family witnessed resuscitation in Jordanian adult critical care settings.BackgroundThe issue of family witnessed resuscitation has developed dramatically in the last three decades. The traditional practice of excluding family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation had been questioned. Family witnessed resuscitation has been described as good practice by many researchers and health organisations. However, family witnessed resuscitation has been perceived by some practitioners to be unhealthy and harmful to the life‐saving process. The literature showed that there are no policies or guidelines to allow or to prevent family witnessed resuscitation in Jordan.DesignAn exploratory qualitative design was adopted.MethodsA purposive sample of 31 health professionals from several disciplines was recruited over a period of six months. Individual semi‐structured interviews were used. These interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsIt was found that most healthcare professionals were against family witnessed resuscitation. They raised several concerns related to being verbally and physically attacked if they allowed family witnessed resuscitation. Almost all of the respondents expressed their fears of patients’ family members’ interfering in their work. Most of the participants in this study stated that family witnessed resuscitation is traumatic for family members. This was viewed as a barrier to allowing family witnessed resuscitation in Jordanian critical care settings.ConclusionThe study provides a unique understanding of Jordanian health professionals’ perceptions regarding family witnessed resuscitation. They raised some views that contest some arguments in the broader literature. Further research with patients, family members, health professionals and policy makers is still required.Relevance to clinical practiceThis is the first study about family witnessed resuscitation in Jordan. Considering multi‐disciplinary healthcare professionals’ views would be helpful when starting to implement this practice in Jordanian hospitals.