bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting Edge: AIM2 and Endosomal TLRs Differentially Regulate Arthritis and Autoantibody Production in DNase II–Deficient Mice
Authors: Baum Rebecca , Sharma Shruti , Carpenter Susan , Li Quan-Zhen , Busto Patricia , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Marshak-Rothstein Ann , Gravallese Ellen M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Innate immune pattern recognition receptors sense nucleic acids from microbes and orchestrate cytokine production to resolve infection. Inappropriate recognition of host nucleic acids also results in autoimmune disease. In this study, we use a model of inflammation resulting from accrual of self DNA (DNase II−/− type I IFN receptor [Ifnar]−/−) to understand the role of pattern recognition receptor–sensing pathways in arthritis and autoantibody production. Using triple knockout (TKO) mice deficient in DNase II/IFNaR together with deficiency in either stimulator of IFN genes (STING) or absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), we reveal central roles for the STING and AIM2 pathways in arthritis. AIM2 TKO mice show limited inflammasome activation and, similar to STING TKO mice, have reduced inflammation in joints. Surprisingly, autoantibody production is maintained in AIM2 and STING TKO mice, whereas DNase II−/− Ifnar−/− mice also deficient in Unc93b, a chaperone required for TLR7/9 endosomal localization, fail to produce autoantibodies to nucleic acids. Collectively, these data support distinct roles for cytosolic and endosomal nucleic acid–sensing pathways in disease manifestations.
Brain abscesses caused by Nocardia paucivorans in a multiple myeloma patient treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone: a case report and review of literature.
Authors: Monticelli Jacopo , Luzzati Roberto , Maurel Cristina , Rosin Chiara , Valentinotti Romina , Farina Claudio 
Published: December 2014

We report the first case of multiple brain abscesses caused by Nocardia paucivorans in a patient suffering from multiple myeloma on treatment with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Nocardia paucivorans is a recently described species of the genus Nocardia, which is supposed to have a heightened neurotropism in cases of disseminated infection. Although nocardiosis itself is an uncommon infectious complication in multiple myeloma so far, nocardial brain abscess should be added to the spectrum of adverse effects due to this novel chemotherapy regimen.
A MULTICENTER EXPERIENCE FROM LEBANON IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENT ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA:HIGH RATE OF EARLY DEATH IN CHILDHOOD ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA.
Authors: Farah Roula Antoine 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease with marked heterogeneity. Despite major improvement in outcome, it remains a life-threatening malignancy. Demographic and clinical data on pediatric AML is lacking among the Lebanese population. Purpose: We aimed to identify clinical, molecular and outcome data in children with AML in Lebanon. Methods: A retrospective chart review of children with AML diagnosed in three Lebanese hospitals during the past 8 years was conducted. Results: From May 2002 through March 2010, we identified 24 children with AML in Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, University Medical Center Rizk Hospital and Abou-Jaoude Hospital. Males and females were equally represented; median age at diagnosis was 9 years (range 1-24) and median WBC at diagnosis was 31 x109/L (range: 2.1-376 x109/L). Twenty five percent of patients (6 out of 24) had acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Karyotype was normal in 33 % of patients; t(8;21), inv (16), t(8;9), t(7;11), t(9;11), complex chromosomal abnormality, monosomy 7 and trisomy 8 were the most common cytogenetic abnormalities encountered. Patients were treated on different European and North American protocols. Twelve patients (50%) achieved morphologic CR after cycle 1, 6 of them (50%) had bone marrow relapse within 11 months from diagnosis. Nine patients underwent allogeneic stem cell transplant and 3 of them are alive at 5 years post-transplant. Early death rate was 16.6% of patients, mainly those with APL and a presenting WBC > 10 x 109/L. Fifty per cent of APL patients had an early death due to DIC despite starting ATRA therapy. Overall, median survival for AML patients who died from disease progression was 25.8 months (range: 1-60 months). Overall disease-free survival was 30.4%. Patients < 10 years of age had a 50% survival rate compared to 0% in patients > 10 years. Conclusions: Our report highlights the needs in Lebanon for better supportive care of children with APL including faster ATRA administration and aggressive transfusions, faster access to stem cell transplant for high-risk AML patients and the need for a national homogenous treatment strategy for children with AML. Key-words: AML, pediatric AML, leukemia, AML Lebanon, APML, Early death
The Pulmonary Histopathology of Anti-KS Transfer RNA Synthetase Syndrome
Authors: Schneider Frank , Aggarwal Rohit , Bi David , Gibson Kevin , Oddis Chester , Yousem Samuel A. 
Published: December 2014

ContextThe clinical spectrum of the antisynthetase syndromes (AS) has been poorly defined, although some frequently present with pulmonary manifestations. The anti-KS anti–asparaginyl-transfer RNA synthetase syndrome is one in which pulmonary interstitial lung disease is almost always present and yet the histopathologic spectrum is not well described.ObjectiveTo define the morphologic manifestations of pulmonary disease in those patients with anti-KS antiasparaginyl syndrome.DesignWe reviewed the connective tissue disorder registry of the University of Pittsburgh and identified those patients with anti-KS autoantibodies who presented with interstitial lung disease and had surgical lung biopsies.ResultsThe 5 patients with anti-KS antisynthetase syndrome were usually women presenting with dyspnea and without myositis, but with mechanic's hands (60%) and Raynaud phenomenon (40%). They most often presented with a usual interstitial pneumonia pattern of fibrosis (80%), with the final patient displaying organizing pneumonia.ConclusionsPulmonary interstitial lung disease is a common presentation in patients with the anti-KS–antisynthetase syndrome, who are often women with rather subtle or subclinical connective tissue disease, whereas the literature emphasizes the nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern often diagnosed clinically. Usual interstitial pneumonia and organizing pneumonia patterns of interstitial injury need to be added to this clinical differential diagnosis.
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Neuronal Death After Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia Through Prevention of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Endothelial Damage
Authors: Chung Tae Nyoung , Kim Jin Hee , Choi Bo Young , Chung Sung Phil , Kwon Sung Won , Suh Sang Won 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) is the leading cause of a poor prognosis even after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Therapeutic induction of hypothermia (TH) is the only proven therapy—and current standard care—for GCI after cardiac arrest; however, its application has been significantly limited owing to technical difficulties. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to suppress neuronal death after cerebral ischemia. The prevention of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption has not been suggested as a mechanism of MSC treatment but has for TH. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of MSC administration on BBB disruption and neutrophil infiltration after GCI. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of MSC treatment, rats were subjected to 7 minutes of transient GCI and treated with MSCs immediately after reperfusion. Hippocampal neuronal death was evaluated at 7 days after ischemia using Fluoro-Jade B (FJB). BBB disruption, endothelial damage, and neutrophil infiltration were evaluated at 7 days after ischemia by immunostaining for IgG leakage, Rat endothelial antigen-1, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Rats treated with MSCs showed a significantly reduced FJB+ neuron count compared with the control group. They also showed reduced IgG leakage, endothelial damage, and MPO+ cell counts. The present study demonstrated that administration of MSCs after transient GCI provides a dramatic protective effect against hippocampal neuronal death. We hypothesized that the neuroprotective effects of MSC treatment might be associated with the prevention of BBB disruption and endothelial damage and a decrease in neutrophil infiltration.
Concise Review: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging and the Prospects for Rejuvenation
Authors: Wahlestedt Martin , Pronk Cornelis Jan , Bryder David 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Because of the continuous increases in lifetime expectancy, the incidence of age-related diseases will, unless counteracted, represent an increasing problem at both the individual and socioeconomic levels. Studies on the processes of blood cell formation have revealed several shortcomings as a consequence of chronological age. They include a reduced ability to mount adaptive immune responses and a blood cell composition skewed toward myeloid cells, with the latter coinciding with a dramatically increased incidence of myelogenous diseases, including cancer. Conversely, the dominant forms of acute leukemia affecting children associate with the lymphoid lineages. A growing body of evidence has suggested that aging of various organs and cellular systems, including the hematopoietic system, associates with a functional demise of tissue-resident stem cell populations. Mechanistically, DNA damage and/or altered transcriptional landscapes appear to be major drivers of the hematopoietic stem cell aging state, with recent data proposing that stem cell aging phenotypes are characterized by at least some degree of reversibility. These findings suggest the possibility of rejuvenating, or at least dampening, stem cell aging phenotypes in the elderly for therapeutic benefit.
A NON-EXTENDABLE BOUNDED LINEAR MAP BETWEEN C*-ALGEBRAS
Authors: Ozawa Narutaka 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe present an example of a $C^*$-subalgebra $A$ of $\mathbb{B}(H)$ and a bounded linear map from $A$ to $\mathbb{B}(K)$ which does not admit any bounded linear extension. This generalizes the result of Robertson and gives the answer to a problem raised by Pisier. Using the same idea, we compute the exactness constants of some Q-spaces. This solves a problem raised by Oikhberg. We also construct a Q-space which is not locally reflexive.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 46L05. Secondary 46L07
Subgroups like Wielandt's in soluble
groups
Authors: Franchi Clara 
Published: July 2002

For each
m≥1, u_{m}(G) is defined to be the
intersection of the normalizers of all the subnormal subgroups of defect at most
m in G. An ascending chain of subgroups
u_{m,i}(G) is defined by setting
u_{m,i}(G)/u_{m,i−1}(G)=u_{m}(G/u_{m,i−1}(G)). If
u_{m,n}(G)=G, for some integer n, the
m-Wielandt length of G is the
minimal of such n.In [3], Bryce examined the
structure of a finite soluble group with given m-Wielandt
length, in terms of its polynilpotent structure. In this paper we extend his
results to infinite soluble groups.1991 Mathematics Subject
Classification. 20E15, 20F22.
NEW APPROACHES TO THE HISTORY OF IMPERIALISM
Authors: FIELDHOUSE D. K. 
Published: July 2002

The world and the West: European challenge and the overseas response in the age of empire. By Philip D. Curtin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xiv+294. ISBN 0-521-77135-8. £19.95.The global world of Indian merchants. 1750–1947: traders of Sind from Bukhara to Panama. By Claude Markovits. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xv+327. ISBN 0-521-62285-9. £40.00.New frontiers: imperialism's new communities in East Asia 1842–1953. Edited by Robert Bickers and Christian Henrito. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000. Pp. xii+290. ISBN 0-7190-5604-7. £45.00.Colonial writing and the New World, 1583–1671: allegories of desire. By Thomas Scanlan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. x+242. ISBN 0-521-64305-8. £37.50.
JEWISH IDENTITY IN THE FACE OF ANTI-SEMITISM
Authors: ALBANIS ELISABETH 
Published: July 2002

A history of the Jews in the English-speaking world: Great
Britain.
By W. D. Rubinstein,
Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996. Pp. viii+539. ISBN 0-312-12542-9. £65.00.Pogroms: anti-Jewish violence in modern Russian history.
Edited by John D. Klier and Shlomo
Lambroza. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Pp. xx+393.
ISBN 0-521-40532-7. £55.00.Western Jewry and the Zionist project, 1914–1933.
By Michael Berkowitz. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1997. Pp. xvi+305. ISBN 0-521-47087-0. £35.00.Three books under review deal from different perspectives with the responses of Jews in Western and Eastern Europe to the increasing and more or less violent outbursts of anti-Semitism which they encountered in the years from 1880 to the Second World War. The first two titles consider how deep-rooted anti-Semitism was in Britain and Russia and in what sections of society it was most conspicuous, whereas the third asks how Western Jewry became motivated to support the Zionist project of settlement in Palestine; all three approach the question of how isolated or intergrated diaspora Jews were in their respective countries.
An examination of the efficiency of Australian crop variety evaluation programmes
Authors: CULLIS B. R. , SMITH A. , HUNT C. , GILMOUR A. 
Published: July 2002

In this paper we present the analysis of yield data from a broad cross-section of crop variety
evaluation programmes (CVEP) conducted in Australia. The main sources of variety by environment
interaction are ‘non-static’ interactions, namely those linked to seasonal influences. These contributed
an average of 41·3% of the total variance. In contrast the static component accounts for only 5·3%
of the total.We develop methods for determining the relative accuracy of CVEP based on selection of newly
promoted entries. The accuracy of the current testing regimes for the Australian CVEP under study
is determined. The accuracy of alternative schemes, with different numbers of years of testing,
numbers of locations per year and numbers of replicates per trial is also examined. Cost effective
methods for improving the accuracy of CVEP are discussed.
Disturbing vortices
Authors: BALMFORTH N. J. , LLEWELLYN SMITH STEFAN G. , YOUNG W. R. 
Published: July 2002

Inviscid spatially compact vortices (such as the Rankine vortex) have discrete Kelvin
modes. For these modes, the critical radius, at which the rotation frequency of the
wave matches the angular velocity of the fluid, lies outside the vortex core. When
such a vortex is not perfectly compact, but has a weak vorticity distribution beyond
the core, these Kelvin disturbances are singular at the critical radius and become
‘quasi-modes’. These are not true eigenmodes but have streamfunction perturbations
that decay exponentially with time while the associated vorticity wraps up into a tight
spiral without decay. We use a matched asymptotic expansion to derive a simplified
description of weakly nonlinear, externally forced quasi-modes.We consider the excitation and subsequent evolution of finite-amplitude quasi-
modes excited with azimuthal wavenumber 2. Provided the forcing amplitude is
below a certain critical amplitude, the quasi-mode decays and the disturbed vortex
returns to axisymmetry. If the amplitude of the forcing is above critical, then nonlinear
effects arrest the decay and cat's eye patterns form. Thus the vortex is permanently
deformed into a tripolar structure.
Theory of mind impairments in schizophrenia: symptomatology, severity and specificity
Authors: PICKUP GRAHAM J. , FRITH CHRISTOPHER D. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Several studies have examined the ability of schizophrenic patients to represent mental states (‘theory of mind'; ToM). There is consensus that some patients have impaired ToM, but there is disagreement about the relation between ToM and symptomatology, and about the severity and specificity of the deficit.Methods. Two first-order and one second-order false belief tests of ToM were given to groups of schizophrenic patients and psychiatric and normal controls. The relation between ToM and symptomatology was explored using regression and symptom subgroup analyses. Severity was investigated by using the same task methodology as in autism research, to enable direct comparison with that disorder. Specificity was investigated using matched control tasks which were as difficult as the ToM tasks, but did not require ToM.Results. Symptom subgroup analysis showed that schizophrenic patients with behavioural signs were impaired relative to controls on ToM, and that remitted patients and a single case with passivity symptoms performed as well as controls. Regression analysis showed that ratings of behavioural signs predicted impaired ToM in schizophrenia. There was weak evidence that a subgroup with paranoid symptoms had ToM impairments, although these were associated with low IQ. Schizophrenic patients only showed ToM deficits on the second-order task. No impairments appeared on the matched control tasks which did not require ToM.Conclusions. There is a clear association between ToM impairment and behavioural signs in schizophrenia. Deficits in paranoid patients are harder to detect with current tasks and may be compensated for by IQ-dependent problem-solving skills. ToM impairments in schizophrenia are less severe than in autism, but are specific and not a reflection of general cognitive deficits.
Training primary-care physicians to recognize,
diagnose and manage depression: does it improve
patient outcomes?
Authors: TIEMENS B. G. , ORMEL J. , JENNER J. A. , VAN DER MEER K. , VAN OS T. W. D. P. , VAN DEN BRINK R. H. S. , SMIT A. , VAN DEN BRINK W. 
Published: July 2002

Background. We developed a comprehensive, 20-hour training programme for primary-care
physicians, that sought to improve their ability to detect, diagnose and manage depression. We
evaluated the effects of physician training on patient outcomes, using a pre-post design.Methods. In the pre-training phase of the study, we sampled 1834 consecutive patients of 17
primary-care physicians and evaluated 518 of these patients for the presence of depression. We
measured outcomes of all patients with depression at 3 months and 1 year. The outcome measures
were: severity of psychopathology; duration of depressive episode; and level of daily functioning.
After the 17 physicians completed the training, we drew a new sample from their practices (498 of
1785 consecutive patients were evaluated for depression) and measured outcomes for the depressed
patients.Results. We found an effect of the training on short-term outcome, particularly for patients with a
recent-onset depression. At 3-month follow-up depressed patients whose physicians had received
training had less severe psychopathology and patients with recent-onset depression also showed
higher levels of daily functioning than patients of the same physicians prior to the training. The
patients with a recent-onset depression that was recognized by trained physicians had shorter
depressive episodes, but this was not statistically significant. At 1-year follow-up, all training effects
had faded away.Conclusions. Training primary-care physicians to recognize, diagnose and manage depression can
improve short-term patient outcomes, especially for patients with a recent onset of depression.
Patients suffering from a recurrent or chronic depression may need more specific interventions, both
for acute treatment and long-term management.
Social Policy Digest NUMBER ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEEN August to October 1999
Authors: BENNETT FRAN 
Published: July 2002

Contents1 Social security and income maintenance2 Health (formerly Health care)3 Education4 Housing and environment5 Personal social services6 Law and the treatment of the offender7 Unemployment and the labour market8 Race relations9 The voluntary sector10 Government (formerly Local government)11 Gender12 Demography
Mental states during dreaming and daydreaming: Some methodological loopholes
Authors: Chapman Peter , Underwood Geoffrey 
Published: July 2002

Relatively poor memory for dreams is important evidence for Hobson et al.'s model of conscious states. We describe the time-gap experience as evidence that everyday memory for waking states may not be as good as they assume. As well as being surprisingly sparse, everyday memories may themselves be systematically distorted in the same manner that Revonsuo attributes uniquely to dreams.[Hobson et al.; Revonsuo]
Expanding Nielsen's covert REM model, questioning Solms's approach to dreaming and REM sleep, and reinterpreting the Vertes & Eastman view of REM sleep and memory
Authors: Ogilvie Robert D. , Takeuchi Tomoka , Murphy Timothy I. 
Published: July 2002

Nielsen's covert REM process model explains much of the mentation found in REM and NREM sleep, but stops short of postulating an interaction of waking cognitive processes with the dream mechanisms of REM sleep. It ranks with the Hobson et al. paper as a major theoretical advance. The Solms article does not surmount the ever-present problem of defining dreams in a manner conducive to advancing dream theory. Vertes & Eastman review the REM sleep and learning literature, but make questionable assumptions in doing so.[Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Solms; Vertes & Eastman]
Genetic and morphometric evidence of introgression between two species of moles (Insectivora: Talpa europaea and Talpa romana) in central Italy
Authors: Loy Anna , Capula Massimo , Palombi Antonella , Capanna Ernesto 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAllozyme and morphometric variation was studied in two populations of moles, Talpa europaea and T. romana, in an area of sympatric occurrence (Palazzo, near Assisi, central Italy) located along the known parapatric contact boundary. The electrophoretic analysis revealed 36 moles characterized by a genome of T. europaea, and 29 moles with a genome of T. romana. The extension of the overlap zone was c. 2 km along the north–south direction. Fourteen specimens recognized as T. europaea had an Ada allele typical of T. romana, while two specimens identified as T. romana were characterized by two alleles (at the Adh and Sdh loci) previously found only in T. europaea. The skulls of the specimens with introgressed alleles showed features intermediate between those typical of T. romana and T. europaea. However, the intermediate skull shape of the introgressed specimens did not correspond to an intermediate size between T. romana and T. europaea. The occurrence of individuals with introgressed alleles, and the lack of F1 hybrids or backcrossed individuals suggest that at present free interbreeding between the two species is unlikely, but that hybridization and backcrossing has occurred, probably when the species first came into contact.