bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled field trial of a novel trimethoprim-sulfadiazine oral suspension for treatment of Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus infection of the lower respiratory tract in horses
Authors: McClure Scott R. , Koenig Robbin , Hawkins Peggy Anne 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel trimethoprim-sulfadiazine oral suspension for the treatment of naturally acquired Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus infection in horses.
Design—Randomized, controlled field trial.
Animals—180 horses with S equi subsp zooepidemicus infection.
Procedures—Horses with lower respiratory tract infections caused by S equi subsp zooepidemicus were treated with a new formulation of combined trimethoprim-sulfadiazine oral suspension at a dosage of 24 mg/kg (10.9 mg/lb) twice daily for 10 days (treatment group) or with an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (placebo group). Response to treatment, including clinical signs and fecal consistency scores, was assessed twice daily. Any adverse effects were recorded. The primary outcome variable was clinical response; the secondary outcome variable was eradication of S equi subsp zooepidemicus on study day 17 as determined by bacteriologic culture of repeated transtracheal-wash specimens.
Results—Of the 119 horses allocated to the treatment group, 69 (58%) had a positive clinical response. A significantly smaller proportion of horses in the placebo group (9/61 [15%]) had a positive clinical response. By day 5, 25 of 61 (41%) placebo horses had been withdrawn from the study because of negative clinical response, compared with only 10 of 119 (8.4%) treated horses. By day 10, 28 of 61 (46%) placebo horses had been withdrawn because of negative clinical response, compared with only 13 of 119 (11%) treated horses. There were few adverse events associated with the trimethoprim-sulfadiazine suspension. There were no significant differences in fecal consistency scores between treatment and placebo groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The new oral suspension administered at 24 mg/kg twice daily effectively treated the clinical signs of S equi subsp zooepidemicus lower respiratory infection in horses and eliminated the organism from the respiratory tract. Adverse effects were minimal.
Cervical wedge resection for treatment of pyometra secondary to transluminal cervical adhesions in six mares
Authors: Arnold Carolyn E. , Brinsko Steven P. , Varner Dickson D. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Case Description—6 mares with pyometra secondary to transluminal cervical adhesions were examined.
Clinical Findings—Reasons for hospital admission included infertility (5 mares) and acute colic (1 mare). In the 6 mares, palpation per rectum of the reproductive tract revealed uterine distention, and transrectal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of echogenic fluid accumulation within the uterus. Cervical palpation during vaginal speculum examination indicated transluminal cervical adhesions. Three mares had severe distortion of the cervix as a result of diverticula and fibrosis. All 6 mares had a diagnosis of pyometra secondary to transluminal cervical adhesions.
Treatment and Outcome—Initially, the cervical adhesions were manually broken down to establish a patent cervical lumen to accommodate a uterine lavage catheter. A sample of the uterine content was obtained for bacteriologic culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the uterus was lavaged with 0.05% povidone-iodine solution to remove the mucopurulent exudate. Once the uterus was evacuated, cervical surgery was performed in standing mares following sedation and caudal epidural anesthesia. A full-thickness wedge-shaped defect was made in the dorsolateral aspect of the cervix that created a permanent opening to the uterus. Postoperative care included applying topical medication to the cervix to reduce the recurrence of adhesion formation. All 6 mares had patent cervices and resolution of pyometra following surgery.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cervical wedge resection enabled treatment of pyometra in mares with transluminal cervical adhesions, without the need for ovariohysterectomy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;246:1354–1357)
Bovine viral diarrhea virus outbreak in a beef cow herd in South Dakota
Authors: Kane Susan E. , Holler Larry D. , Braun Lyle J. , Neill John D. , Young Douglas B. , Ridpath Julia F. , Chase Christopher C. L. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Case Description—136 pregnant beef cows were purchased in the fall of 2003. The following spring, 128 cows calved as expected; 8 cows were believed to have aborted with the fetuses unavailable for evaluation. Of the 128 calves born, 8 died within 2 weeks after birth and 9 were born with congenital abnormalities.
Clinical Findings—Cows and their calves were evaluated for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection. Forty-four of 120 calves, but 0 cows, tested positive for BVDV antigen by immunohistochemical staining of ear notch specimens.
Treatment and Outcome—Five BVDV test–positive calves died shortly after weaning, and the remaining 39 BVDV test–positive calves were moved to an isolated feedlot and retested for BVDV at 5 to 6 months of age; 36 had positive results, which indicated that they were persistently infected (PI) with BVDV, whereas 3 had negative results, which indicated that they were transiently infected with BVDV at the time of the first test. All PI calves were infected with the same BVDV type 2a strain. As yearlings, 17 of the 36 PI calves died peracutely with lesions consistent with mucosal disease, 6 died without gross lesions, and 2 were euthanized because of chronic ill thrift. The remaining 11 PI calves appeared healthy and were sold for slaughter. Screening of the following year's calf crop for BVDV by use of immunohistochemical staining of ear-notch specimens yielded negative results for all calves.
Clinical Relevance—Introduction of BVDV into a naïve cow herd resulted in a loss of 44% of the calf crop subsequent to reproductive loss, poor thrift, and mucosal disease.
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, entre Ciel et Terre
Authors: Giard Luce 
Published: June 2015

Malgré la censure et les difficultés, Teilhard de Chardin n’a jamais renoncé à sa vocation de jésuite, ni à celle de scientifique. Une vie nourrie par sa foi en Dieu et dans le monde, fidèle au « devoir d’intelligence » et mieux (re)connue depuis le concile Vatican II.
Impacts of insect outbreaks on tree mortality, productivity, and stand development
Authors: MacLean David A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe impacts of insect outbreaks on tree mortality, productivity, and stand development in Canada are reviewed, emphasising spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana(Clemens), Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosaeHopkins, Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Reduced growth and survival are a function of insect population and defoliation level. It is feasible to make short-term (annual) predictions of insect population and defoliation based upon sampling, but long-term, multi-year predictions are problematic. Given the historical record, it is expected that outbreaks will occur with relatively predictable frequency and basic host relationships and abiotic constraints will not change dramatically. However, the precision of predictions at fine scales is variable and reduced over time. Relationships between tree growth reduction, survival, and cumulative defoliation or beetle population level are available for major insect species. Understanding insect outbreak effects hinges on mortality, changes in interspecies competition, regeneration, and succession. Altered stand dynamics caused by insects can be interpreted for indicators such as wildlife habitat, old forest, riparian buffer cover, viewscapes, and connectivity. Anthropogenic changes are altering impacts via range expansions, northward shifts, and changes in forest composition. We can better understand effects of insect outbreaks and how best to ameliorate damage through a combination of empirical permanent plot studies, modelling, and manipulative experiments.
B Lymphocytes Are Required during the Early Priming of CD4+ T Cells for Clearance of Pneumocystis Infection in Mice
Authors: Opata Michael M. , Hollifield Melissa L. , Lund Frances E. , Randall Troy D. , Dunn Robert , Garvy Beth A. , Feola David J. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
B cells play a critical role in the clearance of Pneumocystis. In addition to production of Pneumocystis-specific Abs, B cells are required during the priming phase for CD4+ T cells to expand normally and generate memory. Clearance of Pneumocystis was found to be dependent on Ag specific B cells and on the ability of B cells to secrete Pneumocystis-specific Ab, as mice with B cells defective in these functions or with a restricted BCR were unable to control Pneumocystis infection. Because Pneumocystis-specific antiserum was only able to partially protect B cell–deficient mice from infection, we hypothesized that optimal T cell priming requires fully functional B cells. Using adoptive transfer and B cell depletion strategies, we determined that optimal priming of CD4+ T cells requires B cells during the first 2–3 d of infection and that this was independent of the production of Ab. T cells that were removed from Pneumocystis-infected mice during the priming phase were fully functional and able to clear Pneumocystis infection upon adoptive transfer into Rag1−/− hosts, but this effect was ablated in mice that lacked fully functional B cells. Our results indicate that T cell priming requires a complete environment of Ag presentation and activation signals to become fully functional in this model of Pneumocystis infection.
Numerical Simulation of Melting with Natural Convection Based on Lattice Boltzmann Method and Performed with CUDA Enabled GPU
Authors: Gong Wei , Johannes Kévyn , Kuznik Frédéric 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new solver is developed to numerically simulate the melting phase change with natural convection. This solver was implemented on a single Nvidia GPU based on the CUDA technology in order to simulate the melting phase change in a 2D rectangular enclosure. The Rayleigh number is of the order of magnitude of 108and Prandlt is 50. The hybrid thermal lattice Boltzmann method (HTLBM) is employed to simulate the natural convection in the liquid phase, and the enthalpy formulation is used to simulate the phase change aspect. The model is validated by experimental data and published analytic results. The simulation results manifest a strong convection in the melted phase and a different flow pattern from the reference results with low Rayleigh number. In addition, the computational performance is estimated for single precision arithmetic, and this solver yields 703.31MLUPS and 61.89GB/s device to device data throughput on a Nvidia Tesla C2050 GPU.
Toward a Practice of Stoic Pragmatism
Authors: Miller Steven A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Despite broad influence on the history of philosophy, Stoicism has lain long dormant as a practical philosophy. Of late, however, some have sought to modernize Stoicism for the contemporary world.1 It has found success in the military, as Stockdale and Sherman report. While the promise of tranquility through reason and self-discipline presents an appealing vision in emotional times, some tenets of Stoicism cannot gain purchase among society at large: predetermination, absolute morality at all times, and the idea of a non-relational conception of virtue sound dated to a modern audience, particularly Americans.
Recognizing the Epistemic Role of Experience in Ethics: Reflections Inspired by Putnam, McDowell, Wittgenstein, and Dewey
Authors: Tumulty Peter J. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Standard, or ordinary, modern philosophy, with its inadequately examined assumption of what amounts to a Cartesian-inspired epistemological stance accompanied today with materialist reductionist patterns of seeing and thinking, presents significant obstacles to recognizing the cognitive force of the diverse experiences that arise within and are made possible by our need and interest-based practices whose roots lie in our bio-social nature.1 This denial of epistemic value to experience has negative consequences in general but particularly for understanding the ethical dimension of our lives, not the least being learning what is required to foster our ethical maturation in a pluralistic world.
The Spirit of Capitalism and the Caribbean Slave Trade
Authors: Stikkers Kenneth W. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
capitalist proponents and orthodox Marxists alike tend to agree that capitalism entails a significant break from systems of chattel slavery: both claim that there is a significant, substantive difference between a system that commands and oppresses labor directly and one that commands labor indirectly through the private ownership of capital, although Marxists would deny that the latter is any less oppressive that the former. Apologists for capitalism commonly claim that the rise of that system ended slavery and that the overthrow of slavery by “free labor” is the clearest evidence of capitalism’s moral superiority over other economic systems. Orthodox Marxists, such as Eugene Genovese, concur that slavery in the Americas was “precapitalist,”(45) and that capitalism brought it to an end, although they would maintain more continuities between the two systems than capitalism’s defenders would admit, and deny any moral advantage to “wage slavery” over chattel slavery. Defenders of capitalism are wrong on this matter for several reasons, but what I wish to focus upon in this paper is how a Weberian understanding of capitalism as a “spirit” or ethos, rather than in terms of a set of economic institutions and practices, demonstrates how the Caribbean slave trade was an early manifestation of capitalism rather than its antithesis.
“I” Who? A New Look at Peirce’s Theory of Indexical Self-Reference
Authors: Stango Marco 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The aim of this article is to address the problem of what is usually called “self-consciousness” by studying Charles S. Peirce’s semeiotic treatment of self-referential statements. Peirce believes that an adequate study of the mind requires “to reduce all mental action,” including “self-consciousness,” “to the formula of valid reasoning” (W 2:214, EP 1:30, 5:267, 1868) and its semeiotic nature. While Peirce makes frequent use of the notion of “consciousness,” he is at the same time distant from the understanding of the “conscious mind” that Descartes invented and made canonical (e.g., W 1:491, 1866), and which from the modern epoch stretches out to the contemporary discussion on, as David Chalmers put it, the “hard problem” of the mind. In what follows, I argue that Peirce puts forth a powerful theory of self-consciousness based on his semeiotic understanding of self-reference and indexicality. To the question, “How can we elucidate the phenomenon of self-consciousness?”, we should answer, with Peirce, “What we call self-consciousness corresponds to the practice of narratives and descriptions ultimately based on indexical self-referential statements, which are in turn rooted in very specific dimensions of human experience.” It is also important to underscore from the outset that the problem of indexical self-reference cannot be separated from Peirce’s concept of experience, which is one of the most interesting insights of Peirce’s philosophy and classical American pragmatism. In particular, it will be essential to see what are the experiential-perceptual conditions under which indexical self-referential statements can work as such.
"I Know What I Am Not" The Problem of the Marginal Self in Gombrowicz’s Novels
Authors: Lutsky Klara 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Witold Gombrowicz’s undefined characters represent the notion of the self as inauthentic and incomplete, occupying a marginal position between Form and the "true self" of the unconscious. They are unable to resist the imposed mask because they are aware of the fact that they are not capable of opposing a true self-identity to the "mug" imposed on them by others. They stand for the "marginal subjectivity" who is neither totally a victim of "mugs" nor the one who exists without them. Suspended between Form and chaos, their challenge lies in their constant "struggle to be themselves."
Gombrowicz and the Monster
Authors: Mandolessi Silvana 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
It is no coincidence that, together with his best- known novel—Ferdydurke— which placed him as one of the most important Polish Modernism writers, Witold Gombrowicz, around the same period, became involved in the writing of a gothic novel: Opętani (Possessed; or, The secret of Myslotch). Under the pseudonym Z. Niewieski, Gombrowicz serialized Possessed in two Polish daily newspapers from June 6 to August 30, 1939. The German attack on Poland interrupted its publication.
Witold Gombrowicz Diary of a Playwright
Authors: Kuharski Allen J. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Witold Gombrowicz’s Diary does not fulfill any of the obvious expectations of such a work by a major playwright. Gombrowicz never attended the performance of his works or collaborated in any way with producers, directors, actors, designers, or composers. As a result, there is a complete dearth of theatrical anecdote in the text, though he expresses profound vindication at the positive critical response in Paris and Stockholm to Ivona, Princess of Burgundia. References to other contemporary playwrights such as Beckett, Brecht, or Weiss are fleeting and superficial. Gombrowicz’s interest in Genet was apparently limited to the novels and [Jean- Paul] Sartre’s critical biography Saint Genet: Comédien et martyr. Virgilio Piñera was one of Gombrowicz’s closest contacts in Buenos Aires and a major presence in the Diary, and he went on to become a prolific and influential playwright in his native Cuba, but their respective interest in playwriting was apparently not a significant part of their relationship. [Henrik] Ibsen receives several respectful mentions, but functions primarily as the author of the kind of plays that Gombrowicz is not interested in writing himself.
Kronos and Literature
Authors: Jarzębski Jerzy 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The publication of Witold Gombrowicz’s Kronos elicited a range of reactions from its readers: from affirmative to aggressive. The aggressive ranged from civil to brutal and rude. Jerzy Franczak (at the civil end of the spectrum) maintains that Kronos does not teach anything, does not aid the reader, and appears totally unnecessary—it does not pass the test of reading as literature.1 At the other end of the spectrum, expressed mainly in Internet forums, we find that the publication of the book is either a swindle on the part of the publisher (and editors, with me leading the way) or a nail in the coffin of this perverse and depraved writer.
Was Gombrowicz the First Postsecularist?
Authors: Tischner Łukasz 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this article, based on my recent book Gombrowicza milczenie o Bogu (Gombrowicz’s silence about God),1 I demonstrate the essence of Witold Gombrowicz’s singularity, as well as the paradox of his attitude with regard to religion. The subject is of interest insofar as the author often passed over it in silence, though it was crucial to his worldview—all the more so in that it allows us to speak of the originality of his thought. Gombrowicz liked to provoke; he would mention his innovation or even his genius, and he regarded himself as a “universal precursor,” who had come before postwar existentialism and structuralism. This was, of course, part of his strategy to spread his fame. The onetime “first of the Structuralists,” as he called himself in an interview with himself in 1967, would have doubtless applauded my attempts to paint him as the first “postsecularist.”
Quand le consommateur devient commerçant : motivations, production d’expérience et perspectives
Authors: Lemaitre Nathalie , de Barnier Virginie 
Published: June 2015

Cette recherche s’intéresse aux motivations à la vente d’occasion entre particuliers (C to C). Trois études (focusgroup, entretiens semi-directifs et questionnaire) montrent que les motivations ne sont pas uniquement économiques mais que ce qui donne du sens à la vente d’occasion supplante l’aspect financier : la volonté de s’opposer à la société de consommation (dimension protestataire), celle de retrouver le plaisir de l’échange (dimension récréationnelle) et celle de prolonger la vie des objets (dimension générative). La vente via Internet répond aux motivations économiques tandis que les vide-greniers et vide-dressing répondent davantage à des motivations récréationnelles, protestataires ou génératives.
Analysis and Purification of Synthetic Nucleic Acids Using HPLC
Authors: Sinha Nanda D. , Jung Kyeong Eun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChromatographic methods have been essential tools for analysis and purification of synthetic oligonucleotides since the 1970s. Significant developments in terms of instruments and stationary phases (media) have been made during the past several decades; among the latest are sub‐micron to micron particles for the media, as well as ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Micron and sub‐micron particles have increased product resolution. Applications of recently developed methods such as IP‐RP‐HPLC and LC‐MS have been discussed for analysis, along with use of various methods for purification. Utilization of UPLC has decreased analysis time, increasing the throughput for analysis. Commonly used methods for analysis and purification of synthetic oligonucleotides have been described in this unit. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Black carbon aerosol‐induced Northern Hemisphere tropical expansion
Authors: Kovilakam Mahesh , Mahajan Salil 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGlobal climate models (GCMs) underestimate the observed trend in tropical expansion. Recent studies partly attribute it to black carbon (BC) aerosols, which are poorly represented in GCMs. We conduct a suite of idealized experiments with the Community Atmosphere Model version 4 coupled to a slab ocean model forced with increasing BC concentrations covering a large swath of the estimated range of current BC radiative forcing while maintaining their spatial distribution. The Northern Hemisphere (NH) tropics expand poleward nearly linearly as BC radiative forcing increases (0.7° W−1 m2), indicating that a realistic representation of BC could reduce GCM biases. We find support for the mechanism where BC‐induced midlatitude tropospheric heating shifts the maximum meridional tropospheric temperature gradient poleward resulting in tropical expansion. We also find that the NH poleward tropical edge is nearly linearly correlated with the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which shifts northward in response to increasing BC.