bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting evolutionary hypotheses between two mediterranean‐climate floristic hotspots: the Cape of southern Africa and the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Valente Luis M. , Vargas Pablo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimThe Cape of southern Africa and the Mediterranean Basin, two of the world's five mediterranean‐climate biodiversity hotspots, are exceptionally species‐rich and constitute a well‐described example of ecological convergence. However, the area‐adjusted plant species diversity of the Cape is on average more than double that of the Mediterranean Basin. Here, we investigate the causes of this diversity asymmetry by drawing on phylogenetic information from a variety of plant groups and focusing on three competing hypotheses: diversity disparities arising from differential clade ages, diversification rates or diversity limits.LocationCape of southern Africa and the Mediterranean Basin.MethodsWe reviewed a variety of studies in order to contrast the geography, geomorphic history, biogeographical connectivity and ecological context in the two hotspots. We also tested the relationship between clade age and species richness in both regions based on phylogenetic information from 39 clades.ResultsClades are on average older in the Cape than in the Mediterranean Basin. Clade age is a strong predictor of species diversity in the Cape, suggesting that diversity‐dependent regulatory mechanisms may be weak. In contrast, we failed to find a relationship between age and diversity in the Mediterranean Basin, indicating that a diversity limit may have been achieved in multiple clades.Main conclusionsThe Cape has a higher species density than the Mediterranean Basin owing to a combination of older clade ages, high rates of diversification in certain lineages and an exceptionally high upper limit to diversity. High richness in the Cape is linked to long‐term lineage persistence in a heterogeneous but stable evolutionary context. In contrast, the climatically unstable Mediterranean Basin has offered fewer opportunities for diversity accumulation in the long term (owing to high extinction rates), but appears to be a hotspot of recent rapid speciation.
Cutaneous manifestations of systemic non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL): study and review of literature
Authors: Carlesimo M. , Narcisi A. , Rossi A. , Saredi I. , Orsini D. , Pelliccia S. , Aloe Spiriti M.A. , Mari E. , Cox M.C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSystemic non‐Hodgkin lymphomas are often accompanied by cutaneous manifestations, which are not always looked out for. Nevertheless, these alterations can be very important because their presence is lied to the clinical behaviour of the underlying malignancy, with an early recognition being fundamental. The aim of this study was to make order in this topic and propose a preliminary classification of the cutaneous manifestations associated with non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. We performed a retrospective chart review of 62 haematological patients affected by non‐Hodgkin systemic lymphomas with dermatological manifestations, who were evaluated from January 2007 to December 2011, and combined these results with a systematic review of Pub medical literature from 1937 to 2011 on this topic. A preliminary classification of these manifestations has been proposed, dividing them in specific and non‐specific ones, along with a description of the clinical features and those cases observed in our department. A preliminary approach has been proposed for the study of these manifestations that could be helpful in understanding the biological behaviour and aid early recognition of a flare up in systemic non‐Hodgkin lymphomas.
Exploitation of natural genetic diversity to study plant–virus interactions: what can we learn fromArabidopsis thaliana?
Authors: Ouibrahim Laurence , Caranta Carole 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe development and use of cultivars that are genetically resistant to viruses is an efficient strategy to tackle the problems of virus diseases. Over the past two decades, the model plantArabidopsis thalianahas been documented as a host for a broad range of viral species, providing access to a large panel of resources and tools for the study of viral infection processes and resistance mechanisms. Exploration of its natural genetic diversity has revealed a wide range of genes conferring virus resistance. The molecular characterization of some of these genes has unveiled resistance mechanisms distinct from those described in crops. In these respects,Arabidopsisrepresents a rich and largely untapped source of new genes and mechanisms involved in virus resistance. Here, we review the current status of our knowledge concerning natural virus resistance inArabidopsis.We also address the impact of environmental conditions onArabidopsis–virus interactions and resistance mechanisms, and discuss the potential of applying the knowledge gained from the study ofArabidopsisnatural diversity for crop improvement.
Mortality and community changes drive sudden oak death impacts on litterfall and soil nitrogen cycling
Authors: Cobb Richard C. , Eviner Valerie T. , Rizzo David M. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Few studies have quantified pathogen impacts to ecosystem processes, despite the fact that pathogens cause or contribute to regional‐scale tree mortality.

We measured litterfall mass, litterfall chemistry, and soil nitrogen (N) cycling associated with multiple hosts along a gradient of mortality caused by Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death.

In redwood forests, the epidemiological and ecological characteristics of the major overstory species determine disease patterns and the magnitude and nature of ecosystem change. Bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) has high litterfall N (0.992%), greater soil extractable NO3–N, and transmits infection without suffering mortality. Tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) has moderate litterfall N (0.723%) and transmits infection while suffering extensive mortality that leads to higher extractable soil NO3–N. Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) has relatively low litterfall N (0.519%), does not suffer mortality or transmit the pathogen, but dominates forest biomass.

The strongest impact of pathogen‐caused mortality was the potential shift in species composition, which will alter litterfall chemistry, patterns and dynamics of litterfall mass, and increase soil NO3–N availability. Patterns of P. ramorum spread and consequent mortality are closely associated with bay laurel abundances, suggesting this species will drive both disease emergence and subsequent ecosystem function.
Detection of a transient mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in the progeny of crossed genetically divergent isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: de la Providencia Ivan Enrique , Nadimi Maryam , Beaudet Denis , Rodriguez Morales Gabriela , Hijri Mohamed 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Nonself fusion and nuclear genetic exchange have been documented in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), particularly in Rhizophagus irregularis. However, mitochondrial transmission accompanying nonself fusion of genetically divergent isolates remains unknown.

Here, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy occurs in the progeny of spores, obtained by crossing genetically divergent mtDNAs in R. irregularis isolates.

Three isolates of geographically distant locations were used to investigate nonself fusions and mtDNA transmission to the progeny. We sequenced two additional mtDNAs of two R. irregularis isolates and developed isolate‐specific size‐variable markers in intergenic regions of these isolates and those of DAOM‐197198. We achieved three crossing combinations in pre‐symbiotic and symbiotic phases. Progeny spores per crossing combination were genotyped using isolate‐specific markers.

We found evidence that nonself recognition occurs between isolates originating from different continents both in pre‐symbiotic and symbiotic phases. Genotyping patterns of individual spores from the progeny clearly showed the presence of markers of the two parental mtDNA haplotypes. Our results demonstrate that mtDNA heteroplasmy occurs in the progeny of the crossed isolates. However, this heteroplasmy appears to be a transient stage because all the live progeny spores that were able to germinate showed only one mtDNA haplotype.
The trade‐off between the light‐harvesting and photoprotective functions of fucoxanthin‐chlorophyll proteins dominates light acclimation in Emiliania huxleyi (clone CCMP 1516)
Authors: McKew Boyd A. , Davey Phillip , Finch Stewart J. , Hopkins Jason , Lefebvre Stephane C. , Metodiev Metodi V. , Oxborough Kevin , Raines Christine A. , Lawson Tracy , Geider Richard J. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Mechanistic understanding of the costs and benefits of photoacclimation requires knowledge of how photophysiology is affected by changes in the molecular structure of the chloroplast.

We tested the hypothesis that changes in the light dependencies of photosynthesis, nonphotochemical quenching and PSII photoinactivation arises from changes in the abundances of chloroplast proteins in Emiliania huxleyi strain CCMP 1516 grown at 30 (Low Light; LL) and 1000 (High Light; HL) μmol photons m−2 s−1 photon flux densities.

Carbon‐specific light‐saturated gross photosynthesis rates were not significantly different between cells acclimated to LL and HL. Acclimation to LL benefited cells by increasing biomass‐specific light absorption and gross photosynthesis rates under low light, whereas acclimation to HL benefited cells by reducing the rate of photoinactivation of PSII under high light. Differences in the relative abundances of proteins assigned to light‐harvesting (Lhcf), photoprotection (LI818‐like), and the photosystem II (PSII) core complex accompanied differences in photophysiology: specifically, Lhcf:PSII was greater under LL, whereas LI818:PSII was greater in HL.

Thus, photoacclimation in E. huxleyi involved a trade‐off amongst the characteristics of light absorption and photoprotection, which could be attributed to changes in the abundance and composition of proteins in the light‐harvesting antenna of PSII.
Does Output Gap, Labour's Share or Unemployment Rate Drive Inflation?
Authors: Lanne Markku , Luoto Jani 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe propose a new methodology for ranking in probability the commonly proposed drivers of inflation in the new Keynesian model. The approach is based on Bayesian model selection among restricted vector autoregressive (VAR) models, each of which embodies only one or none of the candidate variables as the driver. Simulation experiments suggest that our procedure is superior to the previously used conventional pairwise Granger causality tests in detecting the true driver. Empirical results lend little support to labour share, output gap or unemployment rate as the driver of US inflation.
Widespread Pain in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Birley Thomas , Goebel Andreas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesOur goal was to ascertain the prevalence of widespread pain in our cohort of patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical letters and notes. We assessed data from consecutive patients diagnosed with CRPS according to the Budapest criteria, after a referral to one consultant at a tertiary Pain Medicine referral center.ResultsBetween July 2007 and September 2012, 190 patients (149 females) received a diagnosis of CRPS according to the Budapest criteria, and an additional 26 patients received the diagnosis of CRPS NOS (not otherwise specified). The CRPS patients were an average of 44 years of age, and had a median disease duration of 18 months. Before the CRPS incident trigger, a third had already experienced other than everyday pains in the now CRPS‐affected limb. Twenty‐one patients (11.1%) experienced widespread pain in clinic, which was often not communicated in the referral letters. The types of triggering traumata and frequencies of Budapest signs and symptoms did not differ between patients with or without widespread pain. All patients considered their widespread pain as an important factor affecting their quality of life; for the majority it was of similar severity to the CRPS pain. Additional patients reported CRPS‐concomitant regional pains, most commonly headaches/migraines, lower back pain, and irritable bowel syndrome.DiscussionIn this systematic assessment of the incidence of widespread pain in a large cohort of patients with CRPS, important widespread pain affected > 10% of patients. Our data support the inclusion of routine enquiries about additional pains in the clinical assessment of patients with CRPS.
CCR6/CCL20 Chemokine Expression Profile in Distinct Colorectal Malignancies
Authors: Frick V. O. , .Rubie C. , Kölsch K. , Wagner M. , Ghadjar P. , Graeber S. , Glanemann M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOriginally, chemokines and their G‐protein‐coupled receptors were described to regulate multiple physiological functions, particularly tissue architecture and compartment‐specific migration of white blood cells. Now, it is established that the chemokine/chemokine receptor system is also used by cancer cells for migration and metastatic spread. Here, we examined the relative levels of CC‐chemokine CCL20 and its corresponding receptor CCR6 in resection specimens from patients with different malignant and non‐malignant colorectal diseases as well as in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). CCL20/CCR6 mRNA and protein expression profiles were assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in resection specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 15), colorectal adenoma (CRA, n = 15), colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC, n = 61) and colorectal liver metastases (CRLM, n = 16). Corresponding non‐diseased tissues served as control. In contrast to UC tissues, the CCL20/CCR6 system showed a distinct upregulation in CRA, CRC and CRLM related to corresponding non‐affected tissues (P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, CRA, CRC and CRLM tissue samples displayed significantly higher protein amounts of CCL20 in comparison with UC specimens (P < 0.05, respectively). Our results strongly suggest an association between CCL20/CCR6 expression and the induction of CRA, CRC and the development of CRLM. Therefore, CCL20 and CCR6 may provide potential targets for novel treatment strategies of CRC.
Magnetic separation of encapsulated islet cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles
Authors: Mettler Esther , Trenkler Anja , Feilen Peter J. , Wiegand Frederik , Fottner Christian , Ehrhart Friederike , Zimmermann Heiko , Hwang Yong Hwa , Lee Dong Yun , Fischer Stefan , Schreiber Laura M. , Weber Matthias M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIslet cell transplantation is a promising option for the restoration of normal glucose homeostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes. Because graft volume is a crucial issue in islet transplantations for patients with diabetes, we evaluated a new method for increasing functional tissue yield in xenogeneic grafts of encapsulated islets. Islets were labeled with three different superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles (SPIONs; dextran‐coated SPION, siloxane‐coated SPION, and heparin‐coated SPION). Magnetic separation was performed to separate encapsulated islets from the empty capsules, and cell viability and function were tested. Islets labeled with 1000 μg Fe/ml dextran‐coated SPIONs experienced a 69.9% reduction in graft volume, with a 33.2% loss of islet‐containing capsules. Islets labeled with 100 μg Fe/ml heparin‐coated SPIONs showed a 46.4% reduction in graft volume, with a 4.5% loss of capsules containing islets. No purification could be achieved using siloxane‐coated SPIONs due to its toxicity to the primary islets. SPION labeling of islets is useful for transplant purification during islet separation as well as in vivo imaging after transplantation. Furthermore, purification of encapsulated islets can also reduce the volume of the encapsulated islets without impairing their function by removing empty capsules.
Folding and faulting in the Chalk at Dykes End, Bridlington Bay, East Yorkshire, resulting from reactivations of the Flamborough Head Fault Zone
Authors: Starmer I. C. 
Published: June 2013

Summary:
At Dykes End, Bridlington Bay, [National Grid Reference TA 216 692], a 200 m section of Chalk cliffs exposes folds with NW–SE-trending axes and north-eastward thrusting, accompanied by dome and basin structures in the foreshore, structures that are not exposed elsewhere in this region. The folding and thrusting resulted from transpression emanating from sinistral strike-slip reactivations of a right-hand bend, giving a local ESE–WNW trend, in the major E–W Langtoft Fault within the pre-Chalk basement just to the south. The northern side of the fault displaced westwards, underthrusting the Chalk cover which developed bedding-parallel shears, detachments, NW–SE axis folding, and thrusting north-eastwards. The underthrusting effects were localized and transient, ceasing as the strike-slip fault incised upwards through the Chalk.
Subsequent flexuring, on ENE–WSW axes, curved foreshore bedding and enhanced closures of the earlier non-cylindroidal folding, producing domes and basins, sporadically exposed in the foreshore. Here, they have been downfaulted in a graben that is tilted, with downthrow increasing southward (seaward) towards the Langtoft Fault.
Folding and faulting at Selwicks Bay, 4 km ENE, has been related to four deformation phases (‘D1–D4’). D1 produced gentle NNW–SSE folds and north-eastward shearing on bedding planes, comparable with the Dykes End cliff structures, and sinistral strike-slip movement on ESE–WNW faults, parallel to the Langtoft Fault. D2 was a tensional period. D3 produced E–W folds, comparable with the Dykes End cross-flexures, and D4 comprised extensional phases, comparable with the Dykes End faulting and graben development.
A Lower Palaeozoic inlier in Wharfedale, North Yorkshire, UK
Authors: Murphy P. J. , Warburton D. 
Published: June 2013

Summary:
An outcrop of steeply dipping, thinly bedded sandstone is described from an overflow channel of the River Wharfe near Appletreewick, North Yorkshire. This is the first bedrock exposure of Lower Palaeozoic rocks recorded from Wharfedale and a tentative correlation with the stratigraphy of the Craven inliers is proposed.
Greenland Surface Mass Balance as Simulated by the Community Earth System Model. Part I: Model Evaluation and 1850–2005 Results
Authors: Vizcaíno Miren , Lipscomb William H. , Sacks William J. , van Angelen Jan H. , Wouters Bert , van den Broeke Michiel R. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The modeling of the surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) requires high-resolution models in order to capture the observed large gradients in the steep marginal areas. Until now, global climate models have not been considered suitable to model ice sheet SMB owing to model biases and insufficient resolution. This study analyzes the GIS SMB simulated for the period 1850–2005 by the Community Earth System Model (CESM), which includes a new ice sheet component with multiple elevation classes for SMB calculations. The model is evaluated against observational data and output from the regional model Regional Atmospheric Climate Model version 2 (RACMO2). Because of a lack of major climate biases, a sophisticated calculation of snow processes (including surface albedo evolution) and an adequate downscaling technique, CESM is able to realistically simulate GIS surface climate and SMB. CESM SMB agrees reasonably well with in situ data from 475 locations (r = 0.80) and output from RACMO2 (r = 0.79). The simulated mean SMB for 1960–2005 is 359 ± 120 Gt yr−1 in the range of estimates from regional climate models. The simulated seasonal mass variability is comparable with mass observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), with synchronous annual maximum (May) and minimum (August–September) and similar amplitudes of the seasonal cycle. CESM is able to simulate the bands of precipitation maxima along the southeast and northwest margins, but absolute precipitation rates are underestimated along the southeastern margin and overestimated in the high interior. The model correctly simulates the major ablation areas. Total refreezing represents 35% of the available liquid water (the sum of rain and melt).
Risk factors for postoperative complications in the elderly with lung cancer
Authors: Ogawa Fumihiro , Wang Guoqin , Matsui Yoshio , Hara Hidenori , Iyoda Akira , Satoh Yukitoshi 
Published: June 2013

Background: While surgery for elderly patients has become more common with the aging of populations, the relatively high frequency of postoperative complications prevents broad application. We retrospectively evaluated prognoses after surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer in patients older and younger than 75 years, to investigate whether age contributes to the risk of a poor outcome. Patients and methods: From January 1998 to September 2009, 727 patients underwent curative resection for non-small-cell lung cancer in our department; 119 were over 75-years old (group 1) and 608 (group 2) were aged less than 75 years. Results: The rates of postoperative complications (49% in group 1 and 40% in group 2) were not significantly different. Age conferred no significant risk, with an odds ratio of 1.129, whereas smoking, blood loss during surgery, and lymph node dissection exhibited significant associations. Those aged over 75 years had a 1.9-fold higher risk of mortality ( p < 0.01), but significance did not extend to disease-specific survival ( p = 0.117). Conclusions: Postoperative complications in elderly non-small-cell lung cancer patients are dependent on factors such as smoking, blood loss during surgery, and lymph node dissection, but not age. Elderly patients should not be considered ineligible for surgical treatment due to their age alone.
L’impact de la téléprésence dans une publicité en ligne sur la formation de l’attitude à l’égard du produit : pertinence de l’approche traditionnelle par l’expérience
Authors: Debbabi Sana , Baile Serge , des Garets Véronique , Roehrich Gilles 
Published: June 2013

Résumé Cette étude propose un modèle conceptuel décrivant l’effet de la téléprésence dans une publicité en ligne sur le processus de formation de l’attitude à l’égard du produit. L’approche expérientielle traditionnelle constitue le cadre de référence de cette recherche. Le modèle proposé formule deux processus interdépendants de formation de l’attitude en situation de téléprésence : le premier est cognitif, le second est affectif. Ce modèle est mis à l’épreuve du terrain au moyen d’une quasi-expérimentation. Les résultats valident les hypothèses de causalités directes et indirectes entre les composantes des deux processus. Enfin, leur analyse permet d’effectuer un diagnostic conceptuel et de formuler, en conclusion, des recommandations.