bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of bisphenol A on antioxidant system in soybean seedling roots
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Wang Lihong , Han Ruobing , Yang Linying , Zhou Qing , Huang Xiaohua 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA), an emerging pollutant in the environment, has potential toxic effects on plants. The toxicity mechanism, however, remains largely unknown. The antioxidant system plays an important role in protecting plants against the damage of stress. The present study investigated the effects of BPA on the antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase [SOD], peroxidase [POD], catalase [CAT], ascorbic acid [AsA], proline, reduced glutathione [GSH]), reactive oxygen species (ROS; hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], superoxide anion [O2–]) accumulation, and membrane lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA], cell membrane permeability) in soybean seedling roots. The 1.5 mg L−1 BPA exposure did not affect test indices in the roots. Exposure to 3.0 mg L−1, 6.0 mg L−1, 12.0 mg L−1, or 24.0 mg L−1 BPA caused increases in SOD (except for 3.0 mg L−1 BPA) and CAT activities, as well as in AsA, proline, and GSH (except for 3.0 mg L−1 BPA) content, leading to increases in the H2O2 and O2– content and to membrane lipid peroxidation. Exposure to 48.0 mg L−1 or 96.0 mg L−1 BPA caused decreases in the CAT activity and AsA/GSH content, as well as increases in the SOD and POD activities and the proline content, leading to excess ROS accumulation (i.e., H2O2 and O2–) and cell membrane damage. After withdrawal of BPA exposure, ROS accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation were alleviated by regulating a special antioxidant enzyme or substance. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1127–1133. © 2015 SETAC
The developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers: Effect of DE-71 on dopamine in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Wang Xianfeng , Yang Lihua , Wu Yuanyuan , Huang Changjiang , Wang Qiangwei , Han Jian , Guo Yongyong , Shi Xiongjie , Zhou Bingsheng 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

The potential neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is still a great concern. In the present study, the authors investigated whether exposure to PBDEs could affect the neurotransmitter system and cause developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos (2 h postfertilization) were exposed to different concentrations of the PBDE mixture DE-71 (0–100 μg/L). The larvae were harvested at 120 h postfertilization, and the impact on dopaminergic signaling was investigated. The results revealed significant reductions in content of whole-body dopamine and its metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, in DE-71–exposed larvae. The transcription of genes involved in the development of dopaminergic neurons (e.g., manf, bdnf, and nr4a2b) was significantly downregulated upon exposure to DE-71. Also, DE-71 resulted in a significant decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter protein levels in dopaminergic neurons. The expression level of tyrosine hydroxylase in forebrain neurons was assessed by whole-mount immunofluorescence, and the results further demonstrated that the tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression level was reduced in dopaminergic neurons. In addition to these molecular changes, the authors observed reduced locomotor activity in DE-71–exposed larvae. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate that acute exposure to PBDEs can affect dopaminergic signaling by disrupting the synthesis and transportation of dopamine in zebrafish, thereby disrupting normal neurodevelopment. In accord with its experimental findings, the present study extends knowledge of the mechanisms governing PBDE-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1119–1126. © 2015 SETAC
Bone Engineering of Maxillary Sinus Bone Deficiencies Using Enriched CD90+ Stem Cell Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kaigler Darnell , Avila-Ortiz Gustavo , Travan Suncica , Taut Andrei D , Padial-Molina Miguel , Rudek Ivan , Wang Feng , Lanis Alejandro , Giannobile William V 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Bone engineering of localized craniofacial osseous defects or deficiencies by stem cell therapy offers strong prospects to improve treatment predictability for patient care. The aim of this phase 1/2 randomized, controlled clinical trial was to evaluate reconstruction of bone deficiencies of the maxillary sinus with transplantation of autologous cells enriched with CD90+ stem cells and CD14+ monocytes. Thirty human participants requiring bone augmentation of the maxillary sinus were enrolled. Patients presenting with 50% to 80% bone deficiencies of the maxillary sinus were randomized to receive either stem cells delivered onto a β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold or scaffold alone. Four months after treatment, clinical, radiographic, and histologic analyses were performed to evaluate de novo engineered bone. At the time of alveolar bone core harvest, oral implants were installed in the engineered bone and later functionally restored with dental tooth prostheses. Radiographic analyses showed no difference in the total bone volume gained between treatment groups; however, density of the engineered bone was higher in patients receiving stem cells. Bone core biopsies showed that stem cell therapy provided the greatest benefit in the most severe deficiencies, yielding better bone quality than control patients, as evidenced by higher bone volume fraction (BVF; 0.5 versus 0.4; p = 0.04). Assessment of the relation between degree of CD90+ stem cell enrichment and BVF showed that the higher the CD90 composition of transplanted cells, the greater the BVF of regenerated bone (r = 0.56; p = 0.05). Oral implants were placed and restored with functionally loaded dental restorations in all patients and no treatment-related adverse events were reported at the 1-year follow-up. These results provide evidence that cell-based therapy using enriched CD90+ stem cell populations is safe for maxillary sinus floor reconstruction and offers potential to accelerate and enhance tissue engineered bone quality in other craniofacial bone defects and deficiencies (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00980278). © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Modeling and comparative analysis of DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMT and MOSHEMT devices
Authors: Jena Kanjalochan , Swain Raghunandan , Lenka Trupti Ranjan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a charge control model is developed for AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) and Metal Oxide Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistor (MOSHEMT) by considering the triangular potential well in the two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and simulated with matlab. The obtained results from the developed model are compared with the experimental data for drain current, transconductance, gate capacitance and threshold voltage of both devices. The physics‐based models for 2DEG charge density, threshold voltage and gate capacitance have been developed. By using these developed models, the drain current for both linear and saturation modes is derived. The predicted threshold voltage with the variation of barrier thickness has been plotted. A positive threshold voltage can be obtained by decreasing the barrier thickness that builds up the foundation for enhancement mode MOSHEMTs. The predicted C‐V, Id‐Vgs, Id‐Vds and transconductance characteristics show an excellent agreement with the experimental results from the literature and hence validate the developed model. The results clearly establish the potential of using AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMT approach for high power microwave and switching applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Theoretical Study of the Kinetics of the Hydrogen Atom Abstraction Reactions from Cyclopropane by H, O (3P), and Cl (2P3/2) Atoms and OH Radicals
Authors: Louis Florent 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe rate constants of the H‐abstraction reactions from cyclopropane by H, O (3P), Cl (2P3/2), and OH radicals have been calculated over the temperature range of 250−2500 K using two different levels of theory. Calculations of optimized geometrical parameters and vibrational frequencies are performed using the MP2 method combined with the cc‐pVTZ basis set and the 6–311++G(d,p) basis set. Single‐point energy calculations have been carried out with the highly correlated ab initio coupled cluster method in the space of single, double, and triple (perturbatively) electron excitations CCSD(T) using either the cc‐pVTZ, aug‐cc‐pVTZ, and aug‐cc‐pVQZ basis sets or the 6–311++G(3df,3pd) basis set. The CCSD(T) calculated potential energies have been extrapolated to the complete basis limit (CBS) limit. The Full Configuration Interaction (FCI) energies have been also estimated using the continued‐fraction approximation as proposed by Goodson (J. Chem. Phys., 2002, 116, 6948–6956). Canonical transition‐state theory combined with an Eckart tunneling correction has been used to predict the rate constants as a function of temperature using two kinetic models (direct abstraction or complex mechanism) at two levels of theory (CCSD(T)‐cf/CBS//MP2/cc‐pVTZ and CCSD(T)‐cf/6–311++G(3df,3pd)//MP2/6–311++G(d,p)). The calculated kinetic parameters are in reasonable agreement with their literature counterparts for all reactions. In the light of these trends, the use of the Pople‐style basis sets for studying the reactivity of other systems such as larger cycloalkanes or halogenated cycloalkanes is recommended because the 6–311++G(3df,3pd) basis set is less time consuming than the aug‐cc‐pVQZ basis set. Based on our calculations performed at the CCSD(T)‐cf/CBS//MP2/cc‐pVTZ level of theory, the standard enthalpy of formation at 298 K for the cyclopropyl radical has been reassessed and its value is (290.5 ± 1.6) kJ mol−1.
FDA MAUDE data on complications with lasers, light sources, and energy‐based devices
Authors: Tremaine Anne Marie , Avram Mathew M. 
Published: February 2015

Background and ObjectiveIt is essential for physicians to be fully informed regarding adverse events and malfunctions associated with medical devices that occur in routine practice. There is limited information on this important issue in the medical literature, and it is mostly based on initial studies and case reports. More advanced knowledge regarding device adverse events is necessary to guide physicians towards providing safe treatments. The FDA requires that manufacturers and device users submit medical device reports (MDRs) for suspected injuries from device use or malfunction. The database of MDRs, entitled Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) enables the FDA to monitor device performance and identify potential safety issues.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe employed the following search strategy to identify reported adverse events. We searched the MAUDE electronic database on the FDA website in December 2013: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfmaude/search.cfm We collected all reported cases between 1991 and December 2013. The search terms utilized included a comprehensive list of device manufacturers, specific product names, and the wavelengths/technology of the devices used in the field of dermatology.ResultsOur search yielded 1257 MDRs. Forty‐five MDRs were excluded due to insufficient data. The data is broken down into the adverse events observed, such as, but not limited to: blistering, burns, scarring, dyschromia, fat loss, and nerve palsy. The MDRs describe the adverse event and attempt to determine if it was related to device malfunction versus operator error. Radiofrequency devices, diode lasers, and intense pulsed light devices were the most commonly reported devices related to injuries.Conclusion1257 MDRs, from a myriad of devices used in dermatology, have been reported to the FDA as of December 2013. Despite the underreporting of adverse events, the MAUDE database is an untapped resource of post‐market surveillance of medical devices. The database can offer additional information, which combined with the initial device studies and published case reports from our colleagues, will help raise awareness and improve patient safety. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:133–140, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RELN rare variants in myoclonus‐dystonia
Authors: Groen Justus L. , Ritz Katja , Jalalzadeh Hamid , van der Salm Sandra M.A. , Jongejan Aldo , Mook Olaf R. , Haagmans Martin A. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Motazacker Mahdi M. , Hennekam Raoul C. , Baas Frank , Tijssen Marina A.J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundMyoclonus‐dystonia (M‐D) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder with predominant myoclonic symptoms combined with dystonia of the upper part of the body. A proportion of M‐D cases are caused by mutations in the epsilon‐sarcoglycan gene. In remaining M‐D patients, no genetic factor has been established, indicating genetic heterogeneity.MethodsPatients were included in a prospective clinical database and recruited from referral centers and general neurology clinics in The Netherlands. To investigate new genetic causal factors in M‐D syndrome, we performed homozygosity mapping combined with exome sequencing in a three‐generation M‐D family and genetically screened 24 additional patients with M‐D.ResultsWe found co‐segregation of the rare missense variant Thr1904Met in the RELN gene. By additional screening of an M‐D cohort, we identified co‐segregation of RELN variants in two families (Thr1904Met, Ile1217Met) and identified two sporadic RELN mutation carriers (Pro1703Arg, Leu411Ile). Taken together, five of 25 SGCE‐negative M‐D patients carried RELN rare missense variants.ConclusionWe propose that RELN mutations contribute to the genetic heterogeneity of M‐D. Reelin is a large secreted glycoprotein that plays essential roles in the cytoarchitecture of laminated brain structures and modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease among Navajo people living in the Navajo nation
Authors: Gordon Paul H. , Mehal Jason M. , Holman Robert C. , Bartholomew Michael L. , Cheek James E. , Rowland Andrew S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is largely unstudied among American Indians. Unique populations might harbor clues to elusive causes. We describe the incidence and prevalence of PD among Navajo people residing in the Navajo Nation, home to the largest American Indian tribe in the United States. We analyzed 2001‐2011 inpatient and outpatient visit data for Navajo people obtained from the Indian Health Service, which provides health care to American Indian people living on the Navajo Reservation. Cases were defined by at least two inpatient or outpatient visits with the diagnosis of PD. Crude and age‐adjusted incidence and prevalence rates were calculated overall as well as by age, sex, region of residence, and time period. Five hundred twenty‐four Navajo people with median age‐at‐onset of 74.0 years were diagnosed with PD during the study period, yielding an average annual crude incidence rate of 22.5/100,000. Age‐specific incidence was 232.0 for patients 65 years of age or older and 302.0 for 80 years of age or older. Age‐adjusted incidence was 35.9 overall (238.1 for ≥65 years), was higher in men than in women (47.5 vs. 27.7; P < 0.001), varied by region (P = 0.03), and was similar between time periods (2002‐2004 vs. 2009‐2011). The age‐adjusted point prevalence rate was 261.0. The rate of PD among Navajo People appears to be as high as or higher than rates reported in many other populations. Rates increased to the highest age group, consistent with population‐based studies. Further investigation is warranted to examine risk factors for PD in this remote population. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus: All that glitters isn't gold?
Authors: Galati Salvatore , Stefani Alessandro 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWith the silver anniversary of deep brain stimulation (DBS) behind us, this would seem to be a good juncture to consider its successes and unanswered questions. Bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation has changed the clinical perspective of several thousand Parkinson's disease (PD) patients worldwide. A recent reappraisal animates the field with strong arguments in favor of an anticipation of the stereotactic approach in patients with as little as 5 to 6 years of disease history if they manifest motor complications. From what was once a no‐choice option, STN‐DBS is now becoming more and more attractive to neurologists dealing with movement disorders. Despite the development of new pharmacological treatment and renewed rehabilitation programs able to modify the severity of drug‐related complications, a resurgence of stimulation therapy reminiscent of an old era of medicine with an attendant blinkered mindset has emerged. Yet, the DBS‐mediated effects are modest on critical aspects such as gait impairment and extremely variable depending on the clinical phenotype and individual clinical profile. Hence, the indication for DBS should become more, and not less, individually tailored. Those physicians considering deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a therapeutic option need to evaluate results beyond short‐term quality of life, giving the correct weight to the direct and indirect costs over the longer term as well as to life prognosis. Unequivocal recourse to early‐stimulation surgery necessitates investigations not limited to a mere comparative assessment versus drug‐mediated benefits, but instead showing evidence of a clear degree of disease‐modifying effect or a rescue of basal ganglia plasticity. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Cognitive profile of LRRK2‐related Parkinson's disease
Authors: Srivatsal Sindhu , Cholerton Brenna , Leverenz James B. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Uitti Ryan J. , Dickson Dennis W. , Weintraub Daniel , Trojanowski John Q. , Van Deerlin Vivianna M. , Quinn Joseph F. , Chung Kathryn A. , Peterson Amie L. , Factor Stewart A. , Wood‐Siverio Cathy , Goldman Jennifer G. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Bernard Bryan , Ritz Beate , Rausch Rebecca , Espay Alberto J. , Revilla Fredy J. , Devoto Johnna , Rosenthal Liana S. , Dawson Ted M. , Albert Marilyn S. , Mata Ignacio F. , Hu Shu‐Ching , Montine Kathleen S. , Johnson Catherine , Montine Thomas J. , Edwards Karen L. , Zhang Jing , Zabetian Cyrus P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that genetic factors play a role in the variability associated with cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the LRRK2 gene are the most common cause of monogenic PD; however, the cognitive profile of LRRK2‐related PD is not well‐characterized.MethodsA cohort of 1,447 PD patients enrolled in the PD Cognitive Genetics Consortium was screened for LRRK2 mutations and completed detailed cognitive testing. Associations between mutation carrier status and cognitive test scores were assessed using linear regression models.ResultsLRRK2 mutation carriers (n = 29) demonstrated better performance on the Mini Mental State Examination (P = 0.03) and the Letter‐Number Sequencing Test (P = 0.005). A smaller proportion of LRRK2 carriers were demented (P = 0.03).ConclusionsOur cross‐sectional study demonstrates better performance on certain cognitive tests, as well as lower rates of dementia in LRRK2‐related PD. Future longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether LRRK2 mutation carriers exhibit slower cognitive decline. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Homogeneous coordinates in motion correction
Authors: Zahneisen Benjamin , Ernst Thomas 
Published: February 2015

PurposeProspective motion correction for MRI and other imaging modalities are commonly based on the assumption of affine motion, i.e., rotations, shearing, scaling and translations. In addition it often involves transformations between different reference frames, especially for applications with an external tracking device. The goal of this work is to develop a computational framework for motion correction based on homogeneous transforms.Theory and MethodsThe homogeneous representation of affine transformations uses 4 × 4 transformation matrices applied to four‐dimensional augmented vectors. It is demonstrated how homogenous transforms can be used to describe the motion of slice objects during an MRI scan. Furthermore, we extend the concept of homogeneous transforms to gradient and k‐space vectors, and show that the fourth dimension of an augmented k‐space vector encodes the complex phase of the corresponding signal sample due to translations.ResultsThe validity of describing motion tracking in real space and k‐space using homogeneous transformations only is demonstrated on phantom experiments.ConclusionHomogeneous transformations allows for a conceptually simple, consistent and computationally efficient theoretical framework for motion correction applications. Magn Reson Med 75:274–279, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐scale computational homogenization–localization for propagating discontinuities using X‐FEM
Authors: Bosco E. , Kouznetsova V. G. , Geers M. G. D. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe aim of this paper is to propose a continuous–discontinuous computational homogenization–localization framework to upscale microscale localization toward the onset and propagation of a cohesive discontinuity at the macroscale. The major novelty of this contribution is the development of a fully coupled micro–macro solution strategy, where the solution procedure for the macroscopic domain is based on the extended finite element method. The proposed approach departs from classical computational homogenization, which allows to derive the effective stress–strain response before the onset of localization. Upon strain localization, the microscale is characterized by a strain localization band where damage grows and by two adjacent unloading bulk regions at each side of the localization zone. The microscale localization band is lumped into a macroscopic cohesive crack, accommodated through discontinuity enriched macroscale kinematics. The governing response of the continuum with a discontinuity is obtained numerically based on proper scale transition relations in terms of the traction–separation law and the stress–strain description of the continuous surrounding material at both sides of the discontinuity. The potential of the method is demonstrated with a numerical example, which illustrates the onset and propagation of a macroscale cohesive crack emerging from microstructural damage within the underlying microstructure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.