bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Study of State Strategies and Policies to Accelerate Evidence‐Based Practices in the Context of Systems Transformation
Authors: Rieckmann Traci , Abraham Amanda , Zwick Janet , Rasplica Caitlin , McCarty Dennis 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo profile state agency efforts to promote implementation of three evidence‐based practices (EBPs): screening and brief intervention (SBIRT), psychosocial interventions, and medication‐assisted treatment (MAT).Data Sources/Study SettingPrimary data collected from representatives of 50 states and the District of Columbia's Single State Authorities from 2007 to 2009.Study Design/Data CollectionThe study used mixed methods, in‐depth, semistructured interviews and quantitative surveys. Interviews assessed state and provider strategies to accelerate implementation of EBPs.Principal FindingsStatewide implementation of psychosocial interventions and MAT increased significantly over 3 years. In the first two assessments, states that contracted directly with providers were more likely to link use of EBPs to reimbursement, and states with indirect contract, through counties and other entities, increased recommendations, and some requirements for provision of specific EBPs. The number of states using legislation as a policy lever to promote EBPs was unchanged.ConclusionsHealth care reform and implementation of parity in coverage increases access to treatment for alcohol and drug use. Science‐based substance abuse treatment will become even more crucial as payers seek consistent quality of care. This study provides baseline data on service delivery, contracting, and financing as state agencies and treatment providers prepare for implementation of the Affordable Care Act.
Refining Fingermark Development using Diacetylene Copolymers on Difficult Surfaces,
Authors: Stojanovska Natasha , De Grazia Adrian , Tahtouh Mark , Shimmon Ronald , Reedy Brian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn further work investigating the intriguing application of diacetylene copolymers in fingermark detection, methods were developed to control (inhibit or enhance) the diacetylene polymerization reaction in fingermarks treated with a mixture of the monomers 2,4‐hexadiyne‐1,6‐bis‐(phenylurethane) (HDDPU) and 2,4‐hexadiyne‐1,6‐bis(p‐chlorophenylurethane) (HDDCPU) in acetone solution. These methods included the use of a humidity chamber to reduce the amount of background development while promoting development on the fingermark, subjecting developed fingermarks to freezing temperatures and using a solvent to remove unreacted monomer in order to inhibit the polymerization reaction. Developed fingermarks were enhanced by conventional lighting (white light, filtered light) and fast Raman mapping, which was shown to be advantageous over FTIR imaging. This study also demonstrated the applicability of diacetylene copolymer solutions in the covert detection of fingermarks on difficult surfaces. Furthermore, fingermarks were successfully developed with good ridge detail on pig skin (used as a model for human skin, a notoriously difficult surface on which to develop fingermarks).
Educational disparities in antipsychotic drug use among older people with and without dementia in Sweden
Authors: Wastesson J. W. , Ringbäck Weitoft G. , Johnell K. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveAntipsychotic drugs are commonly used to treat behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. The aim was to investigate if socioeconomic position was associated with antipsychotic drug treatment among older adults with and without dementia.MethodBy record linkage of the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, Patient Register, and Educational Register, we obtained information on antipsychotics, dementia status, and educational level for 641 566 persons aged 75–89 year old in Sweden 2005.ResultsAmong persons diagnosed with dementia (n = 32 092), 21% used antipsychotics compared with 4% in the total sample (n = 641 566). Lower education was associated with a higher probability of antipsychotic use in the total sample (adjusted odds ratio [OR] low vs. high education: 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48–1.64). In the dementia subpopulation, lower education was also associated with a higher likelihood of use of antipsychotics (adjusted ORlow vs. high 1.43; 95% CI: 1.28–1.59).ConclusionPeople with dementia were five times more likely to use antipsychotic drugs than the general population of older adults. Also, lower education was associated with a higher use of antipsychotics, both in the general population and in the subgroup of persons with dementia. This finding highlights the importance of investigating healthcare inequalities also among cognitively impaired older adults.
Promoting responsible drinking? A mass media campaign affects implicit but not explicit alcohol‐related cognitions and attitudes
Authors: Glock Sabine , Klapproth Florian , Müller Barbara C. N. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesRigorous tests are not usually applied to determine whether mass media campaigns that promote responsible drinking are useful, that is whether they lead to responsible drinking or not. In two experiments, we investigated the effectiveness of a mass media campaign that runs in Germany since 2009. This campaign used posters, which emphasized negative alcohol‐related outcome expectancies and challenged the positive expectancies. Based on models of alcohol use, we investigated the influence of the campaign on alcohol‐related outcome expectancies, implicit and explicit attitudes, and drinking intentions.DesignIn Experiment 1, we investigated alcohol‐related outcome expectancies via ratings and response latencies among 81 young adult light drinkers. Employing an affective priming task, Experiment 2 was designed to assess implicit attitudes before and after mass media campaign exposure among 83 young adult light drinkers. In both experiments, the effects of the posters were investigated before and after poster exposure as well as compared to a control group.ResultsExperiment 1 revealed that the campaign affected only the implicit associations of young adult drinkers, whereas explicit outcome expectancies remained unaffected. Experiment 2 showed that implicit attitudes towards alcohol were turned into more negative ones, but explicit attitudes as well as drinking intentions were not influenced.ConclusionsThe mass media campaign was deemed effective even though its influence occurred on an implicit level. This research highlights the need for experimental investigations of mass media campaigns. Reasons that the findings were obtained on an implicit but not on an explicit level are discussed.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Binge drinking has become a serious problem.

Intervention campaigns are important.

Mass media campaigns often work with positive and negative alcohol‐related outcome expectancies.

Mass media campaigns are often not rigorously investigated before introduction.

What does this study add?

Two experiments investigated the effectiveness of already introduced posters of a mass media campaign promoting responsible drinking in Germany.

Implicit as well as explicit measures were considered.

Posters only affected participants on an implicit but not on an explicit level.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Stability Criteria for Immediately Loaded Splinted Maxillary Implants
Authors: Wentaschek Stefan , Scheller Herbert , Schmidtmann Irene , Hartmann Sinsa , Weyhrauch Michael , Weibrich Gernot , Lehmann Karl Martin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the suitability of dental implants for immediate loading, primary stability is usually evaluated intraoperatively.PurposeThis retrospective study aimed to assess the suitability of three stability parameters – namely, insertion torque (IT), implant stability quotient (ISQ; measured by resonance frequency analysis), and Periotest (PT) values – as potential predictors for the risk of nonosseointegration of immediately loaded splinted implants. The stability parameters were routinely collected under immediate loading.Materials and MethodsNineteen patients with 11 edentulous and 8 partially edentulous maxillae were treated with 105 dental implants, which were immediately loaded using temporary fixed dentures. The IT results, PT values, and ISQ results were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to assess the quality of each parameter as a diagnostic test.ResultsAfter a 3‐month observation period, 11 implants in four patients were not osseointegrated. The IT and ISQ (IT 25.0 ± 12.5 Ncm and 8.4 ± 2.3 Ncm; PT −1.5 ± 3.0 and +2.7 ± 3.0; and ISQ 62.6 ± 6.7 and 54.7 ± 6.2) differed significantly between the osseointegrated and failed implants (p < .005). The IT showed the greatest specificity at a sensitivity of 1 and the greatest area under the curve (AUC; 0.929), followed by the PT value (AUC = 0.836) and ISQ (AUC = 0.811).ConclusionsAmong the intraoperative parameters analyzed, IT showed the highest specificity at a high sensitivity of 1. Therefore, the IT can be considered the most valid prognostic factor for osseointegration of immediately loaded splinted dental implants.
Lactotransferrin Gene (LTF) Polymorphisms and Dental Implant Loss: A Case‐Control Association Study
Authors: Doetzer Andrea Duarte , Schlipf Nina , Alvim‐Pereira Fabiano , Alvim‐Pereira Claudia Cristina , Werneck Renata , Riess Olaf , Bauer Peter , Trevilatto Paula Cristina 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundDental implants have been widely used to replace missing teeth, accomplishing aesthetics and function. Due to its large use worldwide, the small percentage of implant loss becomes significant in number of cases. Lactotransferrin (LTF) is a pleiotropic protein, expressed in various body tissues and fluids, which modulates the host immune‐inflammatory response and bone metabolism, and might be involved in dental implant osseointegration. Recently, a few studies have been investigating genetic aspects underlying dental implant failure.PurposeThis case‐control study aimed to investigate the association of genetic markers (tag SNPs) in LTF gene and clinical parameters with dental implant loss.Material and Methods278 patients, both sexes, mean age 51 years old, divided into 184 without and 94 with implant loss, were genotyped for sixteen tag SNPs, representative of the whole LTF gene. Also, clinical oral and systemic parameters were analyzed. Univariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression model were used to analyze the results (p < .05).ResultsNo association was found between the tag SNPs and implant loss in the study population. Clinical association was found with medical treatment, hormonal reposition, edentulism, number of placed implants, plaque, calculus, and mobility.ConclusionClinical variables, but not LTF gene polymorphisms, were associated with implant loss.
Evaluation of the clinical and aesthetic outcomes of Straumann® Standard Plus implants supported single crowns placed in non‐augmented healed sites in the anterior maxilla: a 5–8 years retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Xu , Qiao Shi‐Chong , Shi Jun‐Yu , Uemura Naoya , Arai Korenori , Lai Hong‐Chang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the long‐term aesthetic outcome of the single crowns supported by soft tissue level implants placed in healed sites in the anterior maxilla region via the pink aesthetic score (PES) and the white aesthetic score (WES).Material and methodsAccording to the inclusion criteria, patients who had received a single Straumann® Standard Plus implant in the anterior maxilla at the Shanghai 9th People's Hospital between 2005 and 2008 were invited for a re‐examination based on a number of inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Clinical, radiographic and aesthetic outcomes (PES/WES) were assessed during their revisit at 5–8 years after crown placement.ResultsForty‐five patients were enrolled in the study. All 45 implants were successfully integrated and most of the implants did not show signs of peri‐implant disease at the time of the assessment. The marginal bone resorption was 1.10 ± 0.92 mm. The mean total PES was 8.48 ± 2.62 at the baseline, 9.57 ± 2.37 at the 6–10 months revisit and 9.01 ± 2.45 at the 5–8 years follow‐up. The scores of the mesial and distal papillae increased significantly between the baseline and 6–10 months follow‐up, this improvement remained stable at the 5–8 years follow‐up. The scores of soft tissue level, colour of the soft tissue, soft tissue texture and the alveolar process decreased significantly between the 6–10 months and 5‐8 years revisits. The mean WES was 7.83 ± 1.60 at the baseline and 7.72 ± 1.43 at the 5–8 years revisit. There was no significant difference of the WES between the baseline and 5–8 years revisit.ConclusionThe possibility of spontaneous papillae regeneration after implant treatment and the long‐term stability of the regenerated papillae were confirmed. However, recession of the facial soft tissue has been found. The incidence of the recession at thin biotype sites tended to be higher.
Underload‐induced crack growth behaviour of minor cycles of pipeline steel in near‐neutral pH environment
Authors: Yu M. , Chen W. , Kania R. , Van Boven G. , Been J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDespite decades of research, the mechanisms of near‐neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steel are still not fully understood. This investigation was aimed to understand the effect of minor cycles with very high R ratios (minimum stress/maximum stress) on crack growth in air and in near‐neutral pH environments. It has been demonstrated that the minor cycle, even with an R ratio as high as 0.9, could significantly contribute to the crack growth of pipeline steels in the presence of a large underload cycle with a low R ratio of 0.5 in near‐neutral pH environment. Comparing with constant amplitude tests, an increase of crack growth rate by a factor of 3 and 5 was observed when some non‐propagating minor cycles were combined with an underload cycle for tests in air and in near‐neutral pH solution, respectively. Based on the test results, the crack growth mechanisms during minor cycle loading in near‐neutral pH environments were discussed and practical strategies aimed to minimise crack growth during pipeline operation were also proposed.
Regional‐scale dominance of non‐framework building corals on Caribbean reefs affects carbonate production and future reef growth
Authors: Perry Chris T. , Steneck Robert S. , Murphy Gary N. , Kench Paul S. , Edinger Evan N. , Smithers Scott G. , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCoral cover on Caribbean reefs has declined rapidly since the early 1980's. Diseases have been a major driver, decimating communities of framework building Acropora and Orbicella coral species, and reportedly leading to the emergence of novel coral assemblages often dominated by domed and plating species of the genera Agaricia, Porites and Siderastrea. These corals were not historically important Caribbean framework builders, and typically have much smaller stature and lower calcification rates, fuelling concerns over reef carbonate production and growth potential. Using data from 75 reefs from across the Caribbean we quantify: (i) the magnitude of non‐framework building coral dominance throughout the region and (ii) the contribution of these corals to contemporary carbonate production. Our data show that live coral cover averages 18.2% across our sites and coral carbonate production 4.1 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1. However, non‐framework building coral species dominate and are major carbonate producers at a high proportion of sites; they are more abundant than Acropora and Orbicella at 73% of sites; contribute an average 68% of the carbonate produced; and produce more than half the carbonate at 79% of sites. Coral cover and carbonate production rate are strongly correlated but, as relative abundance of non‐framework building corals increases, average carbonate production rates decline. Consequently, the use of coral cover as a predictor of carbonate budget status, without species level production rate data, needs to be treated with caution. Our findings provide compelling evidence for the Caribbean‐wide dominance of non‐framework building coral taxa, and that these species are now major regional carbonate producers. However, because these species typically have lower calcification rates, continued transitions to states dominated by non‐framework building coral species will further reduce carbonate production rates below ‘predecline’ levels, resulting in shifts towards negative carbonate budget states and reducing reef growth potential.
Experimental climate warming alters aspen and birch phytochemistry and performance traits for an outbreak insect herbivore
Authors: Jamieson Mary A. , Schwartzberg Ezra G. , Raffa Kenneth F. , Reich Peter B. , Lindroth Richard L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractClimate change and insect outbreaks are key factors contributing to regional and global patterns of increased tree mortality. While links between these environmental stressors have been established, our understanding of the mechanisms by which elevated temperature may affect tree–insect interactions is limited. Using a forest warming mesocosm, we investigated the influence of elevated temperature on phytochemistry, tree resistance traits, and insect performance. Specifically, we examined warming effects on forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) and host trees aspen (Populus tremuloides) and birch (Betula papyrifera). Trees were grown under one of three temperature treatments (ambient, +1.7 °C, +3.4 °C) in a multiyear open‐air warming experiment. In the third and fourth years of warming (2011, 2012), we assessed foliar nutrients and defense chemistry. Elevated temperatures altered foliar nitrogen, carbohydrates, lignin, and condensed tannins, with differences in responses between species and years. In 2012, we performed bioassays using a common environment approach to evaluate plant‐mediated indirect warming effects on larval performance. Warming resulted in decreased food conversion efficiency and increased consumption, ultimately with minimal effect on larval development and biomass. These changes suggest that insects exhibited compensatory feeding due to reduced host quality. Within the context of observed phytochemical variation, primary metabolites were stronger predictors of insect performance than secondary metabolites. Between‐year differences in phytochemical shifts corresponded with substantially different weather conditions during these two years. By sampling across years within an ecologically realistic and environmentally open setting, our study demonstrates that plant and insect responses to warming can be temporally variable and context dependent. Results indicate that elevated temperatures can alter phytochemistry, tree resistance traits, and herbivore feeding, but that annual weather variability may modulate warming effects leading to uncertain consequences for plant–insect interactions with projected climate change.
Bryophyte responses to a moisture gradient within two different spatial scales in mown meadows and mesic pastures
Authors: Petrášová Anna , Hrivnák Richard , Slezák Michal 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSoil moisture is one of the most important environmental factors that affects species composition patterns in herbaceous plant communities. Changes in bryophyte cover along moisture gradient were recorded at two spatial scales in the vegetation of mown meadows and mesic pastures (Molinio‐Arrhenatheretea class). The Slovak national dataset (SK) of 1183 vegetation plots and a local subset of 160 plots on the Muránska planina Mts (MP) were analyzed. The main compositional gradient was determined by detrended correspondence analysis and was interpreted using Ellenberg indicator values for vascular plants. Variations in species composition in both datasets were similarly driven by moisture. The most common bryophytes at the national and local scales were the pleurocarpous mosses Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp., Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske, Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) F. Weber & D. Mohr, Plagiomnium affine agg. (Blandow ex Funck) T. J. Kop. and Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. A general linear model using bryophyte cover as a dependent variable was significant for all five taxa in the SK dataset and for four taxa in the MP dataset (except for C. dendroides). The highest explained variation was found for C. cuspidata (8.4% SK; 7.1% MP), R. squarrosus (7.2% SK; 12.5% MP) and P. affine agg. (4.6% SK; 23.2% MP). The shape of the bryophyte cover‐moisture relationship was analyzed for all five mosses using only plots in which they were present. Regression analysis was significant for two mosses at both spatial scales; a monotonic negative trend was found for R. squarrosus and a positive trend for P. affine agg.
Art, Pedagogy and Dyslexia
Authors: Hickman Richard , Brens Madeleine 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper is based on research examining strategies that some art teachers with dyslexia employ in the classroom. The research assumes that teachers with dyslexia must have devised personal ways to navigate through the educational system to achieve qualified teacher status. The question that this assumption generates is therefore: ‘what learning strategies, used by art teachers with dyslexia, can be used as pedagogical tools?’ To help answer this question, a group of art teachers with ‘severe’ dyslexia were purposefully chosen to participate in the research through interviews, observation and by providing autobiographical details. Through focused reflection on their teaching and learning, they were able to identify particular approaches that they had used in their own learning to inform their teaching. Some positive attributes associated with dyslexia, such as visual spatial awareness, were found to have helped them in their professional lives, in addition to a predictable empathy with struggling students.
Off Limits: Cultural Participation and Art Education
Authors: Edge Nina 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWritten from the direct experience of a practitioner, this is an autobiographic paper by a contemporary artist that recounts and explores creative and political activism through contemporary art. This article examines the tensions around status: the status of objects, materials and production methods, and the status of people and their drive to self‐definition. The text addresses how a hierarchy of values can struggle to catch up with creative practice in education.