bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous transient hyperpolarizations in the rabbit small intestine
Authors: Kito Yoshihiko , Kurahashi Masaaki , Mitsui Retsu , Ward Sean M. , Sanders Kenton M. 
Published: September 2014

Key points
Recently, it was shown that fibroblast‐like cells (FLCs) possess the apparatus to mediate purinergic motor neurotransmission in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the electrophysiological properties of FLCs in situ have not been determined.
We recorded two patterns of slow waves from longitudinal smooth muscle cells and circular smooth muscle cells, large amplitude slow waves from interstitial cells of Cajal, and spontaneous transient hyperpolarizations (STHs) from FLCs in the rabbit small intestine using intracellular recording combined with dye injection to identify the cellular morphology of impaled cells.
Drugs that inhibit the signalling pathway involved in purinergic neurotransmission inhibited STHs in FLCs. Small amplitude STHs were recorded in smooth muscle cells but not in interstitial cells of Cajal, suggesting that STHs from FLCs were conducted passively to smooth muscle cells.
We conclude that FLCs display the molecular apparatus necessary to mediate purinergic neurotransmission and may tonically dampen smooth muscle excitability in the rabbit small intestine by an ongoing discharge of STHs.
AbstractFour types of electrical activity were recorded and related to cell structure by intracellular recording and dye injection into impaled cells in muscles of rabbit small intestine. The specific cell types from which recordings were made were longitudinal smooth muscle cells (LSMCs), circular smooth muscle cells (CSMCs), interstitial cells of Cajal distributed in the myenteric region (ICC‐MY) and fibroblast‐like cells (FLCs). Slow waves (slow wavesSMC) were recorded from LSMCs and CSMCs. Slow waves (slow wavesICC) were of greatest amplitude (>50 mV) and highest maximum rate of rise (>10 V s−1) in ICC‐MY. The dominant activity in FLCs was spontaneous transient hyperpolarizations (STHs), with maximum amplitudes above 30 mV. STHs were often superimposed upon small amplitude slow waves (slow wavesFLC). STHs displayed a cyclical pattern of discharge irrespective of background slow wave activity. STHs were inhibited by MRS2500 (3 μm), a P2Y1 antagonist, and abolished by apamin (0.3 μm), a blocker of small conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels. Small amplitude STHs (<15 mV) were detected in smooth muscle layers, whereas STHs were not resolved in cells identified as ICC‐MY. Electrical field stimulation evoked purinergic inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) in CSMCs. Purinergic IJPs were not recorded from ICC‐MY. These results suggest that FLCs may regulate smooth muscle excitability in the rabbit small intestine via generation of rhythmic apamin‐sensitive STHs. Stimulation of P2Y1 receptors modulates the amplitudes of STHs. Our results also suggest that purinergic inhibitory motor neurons regulate the motility of the rabbit small intestine by causing IJPs in FLCs that conduct to CSMCs.
Draft Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii Strain ABBL099, a Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Outbreak Isolate with a Novel Multilocus Sequence Type
Authors: Ozer Egon A. , Fitzpatrick Margaret A. , Hauser Alan R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii
is associated with hospital-acquired infections and can cause persistent outbreaks. Here we report the draft genome sequence of ABBL099, a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of
A. baumannii
belonging to a novel sequence type and representative of clonal isolates cultured from patients at one institution over a 4-year time period.
Differential response to bacteria, and TOLLIP expression, in the human respiratory tract
Authors: Moncayo-Nieto Olga Lucia , Wilkinson Thomas S , Brittan Mairi , McHugh Brian J , Jones Richard O , Conway Morris Andrew , Walker William S , Davidson Donald J , Simpson A John 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesThe observation that pathogenic bacteria are commonly tolerated in the human nose, yet drive florid inflammation in the lung, is poorly understood, partly due to limited availability of primary human cells from each location. We compared responses to bacterial virulence factors in primary human nasal and alveolar cells, and characterised the distribution of Toll-interacting protein (TOLLIP; an inhibitor of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling) in the human respiratory tract.MethodsPrimary cells were isolated from nasal brushings and lung tissue taken from patients undergoing pulmonary resection. Cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, CpG-C DNA or tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Cytokines were measured in cell supernatants. TOLLIP was characterised using quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence.ResultsIn primary alveolar, but not primary nasal, cells peptidoglycan significantly increased secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF. TLR2 expression was significantly higher in alveolar cells and correlated with IL-8 production. TOLLIP expression was significantly greater in nasal cells.ConclusionIn conclusion, primary human alveolar epithelial cells are significantly more responsive to peptidoglycan than primary nasal epithelial cells. This may partly be explained by differential TLR2 expression. TOLLIP is expressed widely in the human respiratory tract, and may contribute to the regulation of inflammatory responses.
Disabled-2 Is Required for Efficient Hemostasis and Platelet Activation by Thrombin in Mice
Authors: Tsai Hui-Ju , Huang Chien-Ling , Chang Yao-Wen , Huang Ding-Yuan , Lin Chung-Ching , Cooper Jonathan A. , Cheng Ju-Chien , Tseng Ching-Ping 
Published: September 2014

Objective—
The essential role of platelet activation in hemostasis and thrombotic diseases focuses attention on unveiling the underlying intracellular signals of platelet activation. Disabled-2 (Dab2) has been implicated in platelet aggregation and in the control of clotting responses. However, there is not yet any in vivo study to provide direct evidence for the role of Dab2 in hemostasis and platelet activation.

Approach and Results—

Megakaryocyte lineage-restricted Dab2 knockout (Dab2
−/−
) mice were generated to delineate in vivo functions of Dab2 in platelets. Dab2
−/−
mice appeared normal in size with prolonged bleeding time and impaired thrombus formation. Although normal in platelet production and granule biogenesis, Dab2
−/−
platelets elicited a selective defect in platelet aggregation and spreading on fibrinogen in response to low concentrations of thrombin, but not other soluble agonists. Investigation of the role of Dab2 in thrombin signaling revealed that Dab2 has no effect on the expression of thrombin receptors and the outside-in signaling. Dab2
−/−
platelets stimulated by low concentrations of thrombin were normal in G
αq
-mediated calcium mobilization and protein kinase C activation, but were defective in G
α12/13
-mediated RhoA-ROCKII activation. The attenuated G
α12/13
signaling led to impaired ADP release, Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin and integrin αIIbβ3 activation, fibrinogen binding, and clot retraction. The defective responses of Dab2
−/−
platelets to low concentrations of thrombin stimulation may contribute to the impaired hemostasis and thrombosis of Dab2
−/−
mice.

Conclusions—

This study sheds new insight in platelet biology and represents the first report demonstrating that Dab2 is a key regulator of hemostasis and thrombosis by functional interplay with G
α12/13
-mediated thrombin signaling.
Picking the Good Apples
Authors: Howard George , Voeks Jenifer H. , Meschia James F. , Howard Virginia J. , Brott Thomas G. 
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose—
The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial was completed with a low stroke and death rate. A lead-in series of patients receiving carotid artery stenting was used to select the physician-operators for the study, where performance was evaluated by complication rates and by peer review of cases. Herein, we assess the potential contribution of statistical evaluation of complication rates.

Methods—
The ability to discriminate between stent operators who can successfully meet the published guideline of <3% combined rate of stroke and death is calculated under the binomial distribution, based on a small consecutive case series (n=24 patients).

Results—

A criterion of ≤2 stroke or death events among the 24 patients (<8% event rate) was required of operators. Setting such a high criterion, however, ensures an inability to
exclude
operators who cannot meet the criteria. In fact, if a good operator is defined as having a 2% event rate and a poor operator as a 6% event rate, even a series of 240 patients would (on average) still exclude 5.4% of the good operators and include 4.6% of the poor operators.

Conclusions—
The low periprocedural event rates in the trial suggest success in separating skillful operators from less skillful. However, it seems unlikely that statistical assessment of event rates in the lead-in contributed to successful selection, but rather successful selection was more likely because of peer review of subjective and other factors including patient volume and technical approaches.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00004732.
A stress fracture of the base of the acromion: a case report
Authors: Malavolta Eduardo Angeli , Assunção Jorge Henrique , Sunada Edwin Eiji , Gracitelli Mauro Emilio Conforto , Ferreira Neto Arnaldo Amado 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Stress fractures of the base of the acromion are rare and tend to progress well when conservatively treated. The need for surgery due to this type of fracture has only been reported in two case reports.

Case presentation
A 39-year-old patient, manual laborer, with a stress fracture at the base of the acromion that required surgical treatment due to persistent symptoms and consolidation failure.

Conclusion
We described a new mechanism of injury for stress fractures of the base of the acromion. After the failure of conservative treatment, the patient exhibited good results with osteosynthesis with a plate and screws, with no need for a bone graft.
Effect of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on geographically different populations of the freeze tolerant wormEnchytraeus albidus(Oligochaeta)
Authors: Fisker Karina V. , Holmstrup Martin , Malte Hans , Overgaard Johannes 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFreeze tolerant organisms survive internal ice formation, however, the adaptations to repeated freeze-thaw cycles are often not well investigated. Here we report how three geographically different populations of Enchytraeus albidus (Germany, Iceland and Svalbard) respond to three temperature treatments: Constant thawed (0°C), constant freezing (-5°C) and fluctuating temperature (0 to -5°C) over a period of 42 days. Survival varied between treatments and populations such that enchytraeids from arctic locations have a higher survival following prolonged freeze periods compared to temperate populations. However, enchytraeids from temperate locations have the same survival rate as arctic populations when exposed to repeated freeze-thaw events. Across all populations metabolic rate decreased markedly in frozen animals (-5°C) compared to thawed controls (0°C). This decrease is likely due to the lower temperature of frozen animals, but also due to the transition to the frozen state per se. Animals exposed to repeated freeze-thaw events had an intermediate metabolic rate and freeze-thaw events were not associated with pronounced excess energetic costs. Overwintering under either condition was not associated with a decrease in lipid content, however during exposure to constant freezing and repeated freeze-thaw events there was a noticeable decrease in carbohydrate stores over time. Thus, animals exposed to constant freezing showed a decrease in glycogen stores, while both glucose and glycogen content decreased over time when the organisms were exposed to repeated freezing. The results therefore suggest that carbohydrate resources are important as a fuel for E. albidus during freezing whereas lipid resources are of marginal importance.
Extracellular glucose can fuel metabolism in RBCs from high glycemic Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) but not low glycemic short-horned sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius)
Authors: Driedzic William R. , Clow Kathy A. , Short Connie E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Energy metabolism was assessed in RBCs from Atlantic cod and short-horned sculpin, two species that have markedly different levels of blood glucose. The objective was to determine if the level of extracellular glucose impacts rates of glucose metabolism. Blood glucose level was 2.5 mmol l-1 in Atlantic cod and 0.2 mmol l-1 in short-horned sculpin, respectively. Oxygen consumption, lactate production, and glucose utilization were measured in whole blood and related to g RBC. Glucose utilization was assessed by measuring both glucose disappearance and by the production of 3H2O from [2-3H]-glucose. RBCs from both species have an aerobic based metabolism. In Atlantic cod, extracellular glucose is sufficient to provide the sum of glucosyl equivalents to support both oxidative metabolism and lactate production. In contrast, extracellular glucose can account for only 10% of the metabolic rate in short-horned sculpin RBCs. In both species, about 70% of glucose enters the RBCs via facilitated transport. The difference in rates of extracellular glucose utilization is related to the extremely low levels of blood glucose in short-horned sculpin. In this species energy metabolism by RBCs must be supported by alternative fuels.
High-precision terahertz spectroscopy for noninvasive medicine diagnostics
Authors: Vaks Vladimir , Domracheva Elena , Sobakinskaya Ekaterina , Chernyaeva Mariya 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn recent years methods for exhaled breath analysis have been developing all around the world. The exhaled breath analysis could result in a powerful tool for noninvasive medicine. The work presented in this paper is concerned with gas analyzers for exhaled breath diagnostics. The analyzers are based on high-precision spectrometers of the THz frequency range, which provide high resolution, high sensitivity and detect a wide range of detectable substances. The spectrometers work on non-stationary effects (phase-switching and fast sweep of frequency). The analyzers have been successfully applied for the detection of various biomarkers (nitric oxide, acetone, ammonia, methanol, ethanol) in the breath of conditionally healthy volunteers and patients with various cancerous and noncancerous diseases.
A process analysis for microchannel deformation and bonding strength by in-mold bonding of microfluidic chips
Authors: Chu Chunpeng , Jiang Bingyan , Zhu Laiyu , Jiang Fengze 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A novel combination of thermal bonding and in-mold assembly technology was created to produce microfluidic chips out of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), which is named “in-mold bonding technology”. In-mold bonding experiments of microfluidic chips were carried out to investigate the influences of bonding process parameters on the deformation and bonding strength of microchannels. The results show that bonding temperature has the greatest impact on the deformation of microchannels, while bonding pressure and bonding time have more influence on deformation in height than in top width. Considering the bonding strength, the bonding temperature and the bonding pressure have more impact than the bonding time. The time is crucial for the sealing of the chips. By setting the bonding parameters reasonably, the microchannel deformation is <10%, while the bonding strength of the chips is 350 kPa. The production cycle of the chip is reduced to <5 min.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Heat Transfer during Quenching in CNT Nanofluids
Authors: Gao Weimin , Kong Lingxue , Hodgson Peter 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNanofluids exhibit superior thermal properties to conventional fluid and particle-fluid suspensions and show a great potential as quenching media for quench hardening of steel components. The heat transfer mechanism in nanofluid is very complex and unclear. In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method is used to theoretically study the heat transfer from a metal surface at different temperatures to a water-based nanofluid with functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs). To model the quenching process, an initial temperature jump between the nanofluid and an iron slab is employed, and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations are performed. The MD results reveal the heat transfer process in the initial stage of quenching and at the first moment of contact of a liquid nanofluid with a hot metal surface. The thermodynamics and transport properties of the nanofluid and the heat transfer characteristics are discussed with the atomistic details of the interactions of the FCNT with the iron atoms and the water molecules.
Effect of Dopant Oxidation State and Annealing Atmosphere on the Functional Properties of Zinc Oxide-Based Nanocrystalline Powder and Thin Films
Authors: Santiago Rivera Miguel A. , Montes Albino Gina M. , Pérez Oscar Perales 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe effective incorporation of dopant species into ZnO host structure should induce changes in its physical and chemical properties enabling the establishment of novel multi-functional properties. Doping with transition metal ions and the subsequent exchange interaction between available spins of the magnetic species are expected to induce a ferromagnetic behavior. This ferromagnetic functionality will enable the application of this material in data storage and spintronics-based devices. The present research addresses the study of the effect of the oxidationstate of Fe species and the influence of the annealing atmosphere on the structural and functional properties of nanocrystalline ZnO-based powders.
Understory Development in an Oak Forest in Northern -Hungary: the Subcanopy Layer
Authors: Misik Tamás , Kárász Imre , Tóthmérész Béla 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Structural changes in the shrub layer were analysed in a Hungarian oak forest after the oak decline pandemics. This paper focuses on the following questions: (1) which of the woody species tolerated better the forest conditions after oak decline? (2) What are the ecological factors that explain the successful response of woody species to changes in light and thermal conditions? In the monitoring plot, the structural condition of specimens only above 8.0 m was observed. After the appearance of oak decline some Acer campestre, Cornus mas and Acer tataricum specimens appeared that reached between 8.0-13.0 m in height. Significant differences were revealed between top canopy density and foliage cover of the subcanopy and between top canopy density and mean cover of field maple. The findings of the study indicate that the forest responded to oak decline with significant structural rearrangement in the shrub layer and that three woody species compensated for the remarkable foliage loss in the top canopy. These species formed a second crown layer directly below the canopy formed by oaks.
Enhancement of the Corporate Environmental Performance
Authors: Polgár András , Pájer József 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the course of the implementation of the environmental management system (EMS), during the planning phase it is of high priority to explore, select and analyse the relevant environmental aspects and impacts. This is the precondition to enhance the real environmental performance (EP). The applied processes are often specific, formal and influenced by the self-interest of a company. The purpose of our work was the uniformly interpretable evaluation of the varied processes, and the creation of an EMS enhancement model through which the physical EP can be improved. The quantitative empirical research (2010-2011) has been conducted by using questionnaires in 114 domestic and multinational companies applying an EMS according to the international standard ISO 14001.
In the created database, we have determined the variables which are relevant and adjustable in the process, through a descriptive and multivariable statistical survey. On the basis of the identified performance dimensions, corporate performance indices have been created: the environmental motivation (MOT), environmental performance (EPI), environmental impact evaluation (EIE) and environmental management (EMI) as well as the aggregative index (AGG). With their help, the evaluation of the surveyed corporate performance can be executed uniformly, in a quantifiable way, without any intervention in the corporate processes. Along the outliers of EMS optimization variables, we have identified development points. Their impact was assessed by sensitivity analysis of the indices. The described method offers a model for EMS development, based on self-evaluation.
Investigation of hydrogen bonding between nitrosamine and sulfuric acid using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Bavafa Sadeghali , Mahboubi Mona 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
DFT calculations were performed to analyze those interactions; B3LYP and B3PW91 methods were applied and the following basis sets were used: 6-311++G(2d, 2p), 6-311++G(3df, 3pd) and aug-cc-pVDZ. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and atom in molecules (AIM) theory were applied to understand the nature of the interactions. The most stable complex NS1 with an eight-membered cyclic structure contains two O- H· ··O and N-H·· ·O hydrogen bonding interactions. From the values of r(r) at O·· ·H critical points, it can be concluded that the H-boding in eight-membered cyclic NS1 is stronger than other. The elongation of the O-H bond length is caused by the electron-density transfer to the O-H antibonding orbital.
Interaction Between Bt-Transgenic Cotton and the Whitefly’s Parasitoid, Encarsia Formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
Authors: Azimi Solmaz , Rahmani Shima , Tohidfar Masoud , Ashouri Ahmad , Bandani Alireza , Talaei-Hassanlouei Reza 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Transgenic Bt cotton developed against lepidopteran pests may not be compatible with parasitoid of secondary pests such as Bemisia tabaci which attack many plants such as cotton. In this study, the effects of Bt cotton on the demographic parameters of Encarsia formosa, parasitoid of B. tabaci were assessed. The data were analysed using the age specific, two-sex life table parameters. The results indicated that pre-adult developmental time, the total preoviposition period (TPOP) and the adult preoviposition period (APOP) in the Bt cotton were significantly longer than in the non-Bt cotton. Also, fecundity and body size in both lines were significantly different. The fecundity was 23.64±0.73 and 43.75±0.89 eggs/females in the Bt and non-Bt cotton, respectively. All the population parameters were affected by the Bt cotton. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.15 day-1 in the non-Bt cotton but it was 0.10 day-1 in the Bt cotton. The finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.11 day-1 in the non-Bt cotton whilst it was 1.08 in the Bt cotton. The net reproductive rate (R0) in the non-Bt cotton was 36.75 but in the Bt cotton these parameters showed 19.62 offspring/individual. Also, the mean generation time (T ) in the non-Bt and Bt cotton was 22.69 and 27.79 days, respectively. The results illustrated, that although transgenic crops are effective tools for management of the target pests, they can adversely affect, either directly or indirectly, the natural enemies dependent on these plants.