bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das geopolíticas clássicas à geoeconomia: a importância da segurança humana no Pós-Guerra Fria
Authors: Santos Claudia 
Published: September 2014

O período Pós- Guerra Fria nas Relações Internacionais representou um momento de diversas mudanças conceituais, introdução de novos temas na agenda internacional e a emergência de novos atores. O presente estudo utiliza-se de pesquisa bibliográfica para compreender a crise das geopolíticas clássicas no Pós-Guerra Fria relacionadas ao conceito tradicional de Segurança e os processos que culminaram na criação do conceito de Segurança Humana partindo da hipótese de que ela não se apresenta como uma contraposição ao conceito tradicional de Segurança que tem como ator central os Estados, mas como um conceito complementar que busca introduzir a questão do indivíduo nos debates. Para se verificar esta hipótese o estudo se centrará na análise das implicações que a geoeconomia causou no Pós-Guerra Fria, no qual divisão do mundo se torna econômica (Norte/Desenvolvidos e Sul/Subdesenvolvido) e não mais ideológica (Capitalismo/Comunismo). Os vários conceitos de Segurança vêm adquirindo importância internacional principalmente nos círculos de policy making visto as necessidades de um mundo globalizado, no qual as relações e negociações tornam-se transnacionais. No caso da geoeconomia, a Segurança Humana faz-se ainda mais necessária visto os problemas causados pelo neoliberalismo em países subdesenvolvidos, como a pobreza e no seu extremo, conflitos regionais. Estas características, deste modo exigem que o Estado não veja a questão de Segurança apenas por uma dimensão, mas de maneira interdisciplinar levando em consideração as diversas variáveis existentes e as suas interações. O que este artigo pretende é contribuir para o entendimento de uma nova concepção multidimensional de Segurança apresentando a Segurança Humana com um conceito a ser levado em consideração em um período geoeconômico.
Antihyperglycemic Activities of Extracts of the Mistletoes Plicosepalus acaciae and P. curviflorus in Comparison to their Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Suspension Formulations
Authors: Aldawsari Hibah M. , Hanafy Abeer , Labib Gihan S. , Badr Jihan M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The antihyperglycemic activity of the extracts and preparations of solid lipid nanoparticle suspensions of two mistletoes growing in Saudi Arabia, Plicosepalus acaciae and P. curviflorus, as well as their possible antioxidant effect were investigated in a type 2 diabetic animal model. Type 2 diabetes was induced in adult maleWistar rats by a high-fat diet followed by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats were treated in parallel with pioglitazone hydrochloride (PIO), non-toxic extracts of P. acaciae and P. curviflorus, as well as three different solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) suspension formulations prepared from each of the two extracts. Blood glucose level, insulin resistance, oxidative stress parameters, and antioxidant markers were determined. The total extracts of P. acaciae and P. curviflorus as well as the SLN formulations exhibited a significant blood glucose-lowering effect associated with antioxidant effects in the diabetic rats. The SLN preparation with the highest lipid content gave the best result. Reduction of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in the diabetic rats was, at least partly, due to the antioxidant activities of the extracts and their SLN formulations.
Safety and Efficacy of Sonographically Guided High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Leung Joyce H. Y. , Yu Simon C. H. , Cheung Eva C. W. , Wong Alyssa S. W. , Tong Mabel M. B. , Ho Stella S. Y. , Leung Vivian Y. F. , Ahuja Anil T. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of sonographically guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound for treating patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids using a modified protocol.MethodsThis work was part of an ongoing prospective phase 1 study. Twenty patients with 22 symptomatic fibroids were treated with sonographically guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound under no anesthesia. The modified protocol consisted of repeated and shortened (<25 minutes) treatment sessions of high‐input acoustic intensity (1000–1500 W/cm2) and intensified sonication pulses (1500–2000) at each spot. The primary end points were periprocedural complications. The secondary end points were symptomatic improvement and radiologic evidence of treatment responses, including the degree of fibroid infarction and volume shrinkage 3 months after treatment. Symptomatic improvement was assessed by a pain score, a pictorial chart menstrual score, the Urogenital Distress Inventory short form, and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire short form. The degree of fibroid infarction was assessed by the nonperfused ratio on contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, defined as the ratio of the nonperfused fibroid volume to the total fibroid volume.ResultsNineteen patients tolerated the treatment well, with no major adverse events. One patient who received treatment for a fibroid located within 6 cm from the skin had third‐degree skin burns at 2 sites of 1 cm in diameter. Fibroid‐related abdominal pain, pictorial chart, Urogenital Distress Inventory, and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire scores were significantly improved (P < .05). The median nonperfused ratio at 3 months was 20% (95% confidence interval, 5%–32.5%). Median volume shrinkage at 3 months was 17.2% (95% confidence interval, 4.3%–26.6%).ConclusionsSonographically guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound using a modified protocol may be safe and effective for symptomatic uterine fibroids in selected patients to avoid skin burns.
Thermodynamic Miscibility and Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate‐co‐carbon monoxide)/Poly(vinyl chloride) Blends
Authors: SELVAKUMAR M. , MAHENDRAN ARUNJUNAIRAJ , BHAGABATI PURABI , ANANDHAN S. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the miscibility and thermal and mechanical properties of solution cast binary blends of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate‐co‐carbon monoxide) (EVACO) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The composition of these blends was varied from 10:90 to 90:10 of PVC/EVACO (w/w %). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed an extensive intermolecular attraction between the blend components, which accounts for their mutual solubility. The differential scanning calorimetry study revealed that the blend components are miscible with each other in all proportions as they exhibited a single glass transition temperature. Tensile strength, moduli, and thermal stabilities of these blends significantly improved with increasing proportion of PVC.
Optimization of Polymeric Membrane Characteristics through Thermal Treatment and Deposition of Polyelectrolyte Layers Using Response Surface Modeling
Authors: NG LAW YONG , MOHAMMAD ABDUL WAHAB , NG CHING YIN , ROHANI ROSIAH 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTImprovement in polyethersulfone membrane performance by employing thermal treatment and deposition of polyelectrolyte layers was proposed. High molecular weight polyelectrolytes were used in the formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers in the presence of various concentrations of supporting electrolyte. Interactions between the membrane thermal treatment duration and salt concentration in a polyelectrolyte solution were evaluated and optimized using response surface methodology. The predictive models showed good fittings between the experimental and model predicted values, which confirmed the precision and reliability of the regression models. Confirmation run was conducted using the thermal treatment duration of 17.07 min and 1.70 M of the supporting electrolyte concentration in the polyelectrolyte solution. The pure water permeability, NaCl rejection, MgSO4 rejection, Na2SO4 rejection, selectivity of NaCl/Na2SO4, and selectivity of MgSO4/Na2SO4 obtained were 6.51 L⋅m−2⋅h−1⋅bar−1, 45.41%, 69.14%, 85.79%, 3.84, and 2.17, respectively.
Translating obesity: Navigating the front lines of the “war on fat”
Authors: Trainer Sarah , Brewis Alexandra , Hruschka Daniel , Williams Deborah 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesObesity is treated within medicine, public health, and applied sciences as a biomedical fact with urgent health implications; obesity is also, however, a social fact and one that reveals biomedical concerns can lead to social suffering. Translation of social science‐oriented obesity research for broader public good requires navigation of the space between these polemical and seemingly mutually exclusive positions.MethodsUsing examples from our own current programs of biocultural research, we explain the opportunities and ongoing challenges of efforts to bridge the chasm between critique and intervention when the topic under discussion is obesity. The examples range from cross‐population analyses of human variation and the implications for how we measure and classify obesity to biocultural research into fat‐stigma to translational research conducted as part of a larger collaboration across multiple institutions.Results and ConclusionsTranslation of social science‐oriented obesity research for broader public good requires collaborative work across disciplines and fields, as well as between academics, professionals working in public health and medicine, policy makers, and other key stakeholders. Translation efforts must acknowledge and develop practical programs addressing the “obesity crisis,” but also are compelled to question core assumptions upon which obesity‐reduction interventions have thus far been based. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:61–68, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation of Dioxygen in Air by a Phenol/Selectfluor System: An Application in the Oxidation‐Dimerization of Alkynes to 2‐Ene‐1,4‐diones
Authors: Wu Degui , Zhang Jian , Wang Heng , Zhang Jiahui , Liu Yunkui , Liu Miaochang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractActivation of dioxygen in air by a combined phenol/Selectfluor system has been revealed. This technique has been exploited to develop an approach to 2‐ene‐1,4‐diones via an oxidation‐dimerization of alkynes under metal‐free conditions.
Mechanical, water absorption, and morphology of recycled polymer blend rice husk flour biocomposites
Authors: Chen Ruey Shan , Ab Ghani Mohd Hafizuddin , Salleh Mohd Nazry , Ahmad Sahrim , Tarawneh Mou'ad A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTRice husk flour (RHF) biocomposites based on uncompatibilized and compatibilized recycled high density polyethylene/recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rHDPE/rPET) with ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate (E‐GMA) copolymer were prepared through a two‐step extrusion and hot pressing with fiber loadings of 40, 60, and 80 wt %. Results showed that tensile and flexural properties increased. However, the elongation to break and impact strength decreased as the RHF loading increased. Compatibilizing polymer blend matrices can further enhance the mechanical properties. Water absorption (WA) test were examined in distilled and seawater. It is interesting to note that for composites made from uncompatibilized matrix, the calculated D and KSR were lower in seawater, but for the compatibilized matrix composites, the D and KSR obtained were generally lower in distilled water. However, compatibilization of rHDPE/rPET has been markedly reduced the WA and thickness swelling. Scanning electron microscope analysis of the compatibilized matrix composites confirmed the improved interfacial bonding of matrix–matrix and filler–matrix phases. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41494.
Luminescence study and dosimetry approach of Ce on an α‐Sr2P2O7 phosphor synthesized by a high‐temperature combustion method
Authors: Patel Nimesh P. , Srinivas M. , Modi Dhaval , Vishwnath Verma , Murthy K. V. R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe report synthesis of a cerium‐activated strontium pyrophosphate (Sr2P2O7) phosphor using a high‐temperature combustion method. Samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL). The XRD pattern reveals that Sr2P2O7 has an α‐phase with crystallization in the orthorhombic space group of Pnam. The IR spectrum of α‐Sr2P2O7 displays characteristic bands at 746 and 1190 cm‐1 corresponding to the absorption of (P2O7)‐4. PL emission spectra exhibit a broad emission band around 376 nm in the near‐UV region due to the allowed 5d–4f transition of cerium and suggest its applications in a UV light‐emitting diode (LED) source. PL also reveals that the emission originates from 5d–4f transition of Ce3+ and intensity increases with doping concentration. TL measurements made after X‐ray irradiation, manifest a single intense glow peak at around 192°C, which suggests that this is an outstanding candidate for dosimetry applications. The kinetic parameters, activation energy and frequency factor of the glow curve were calculated using different analysis methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural and engineered production of taxadiene with taxadiene synthase
Authors: Soliman Sameh , Tang Yi 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTTaxadiene synthase (TXS) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of paclitaxel, an important anticancer compound. TXS catalyzes the conversion of the diterpene precursor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) into the diterpene taxadiene. Due to the importance of taxadiene in the overall biosynthetic pathway of paclitaxel biosynthesis, the enzyme TXS has been the subject of intense scientific and engineering investigations. The crystal structure of TXS was recently elucidated, thereby providing an atomic blueprint for future protein engineering efforts. Metabolic engineering of TXS for taxadiene product in different microbial and plant organisms have also been extensively performed, culminating in the high‐titer production in Escherichia coli. Additional aspects of taxadiene production by TXS will be discussed in the review, including metabolic regulation in native host and possible production by endophytic fungal hosts. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 229–235. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The path from childhood behavioural disorders to felony offending: Investigating the role of adolescent drinking, peer marginalisation and school failure
Authors: Savolainen Jukka , Mason W. Alex , Bolen Jonathan D. , Chmelka Mary B. , Hurtig Tuula , Ebeling Hanna , Nordström Tanja , Taanila Anja 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough a pathway from childhood behavioural disorders to criminal offending is well established, the aetiological processes remain poorly understood. Also, it is not clear if attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is predictive of crime in the absence of comorbid disruptive behaviour disorder (DBD).HypothesisWe examined two research questions: (1) Does ADHD have a unique effect on the risk of criminal offending, independently of DBD? (2) Is the effect of childhood behavioural disorders on criminal offending direct or mediated by adolescent processes related to school experience, substance misuse and peers?MethodStructural equation modelling, with latent variables, was applied to longitudinally collected data on 4644 men from the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study.ResultsBoth ADHD and DBD separately predicted felony conviction risk. Most of these effects were mediated by adolescent alcohol use and low academic performance. The effect of DBD was stronger and included a direct pathway to criminal offending.ConclusionFindings were more consistent with the life course mediation hypothesis of pathways into crime than the behavioural continuity path, in that the effects of each disorder category were mediated by heavy drinking and educational failure. Preventing these adolescent risk outcomes may be an effective approach to closing pathways to criminal behaviour amongst behaviourally disordered children. However, as there was some evidence of a direct pathway from DBD, effective treatments targeting this disorder are also expected to reduce criminal offending. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroimaging patterns of ischemic stroke after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Hoffman Scott J. , Yee Alan H. , Slusser Joshua P. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Holmes David R. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Gulati Rajiv 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesWe sought to determine neuroimaging patterns, ischemic mechanisms, and functional outcomes of ischemic stroke related to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) over a 16‐year period. Background: Stroke is a feared complication of PCI, associated with poor patient outcomes. The majority of strokes that occur after PCI are ischemic rather than hemorrhagic. However, mechanisms of cerebral ischemia in this setting are incompletely understood.MethodsWe performed a retrospective single‐center cohort study of patients with radiologically confirmed ischemic stroke occurring after PCI (PCI‐stroke), between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2009. Using brain imaging, infarctions were subclassified by radiological pattern and arterial territory as embolic, small subcortical, or hemodynamic. Modified Rankin Scale scores were used to assess functional outcome at 3 and 6 months.ResultsRadiologically confirmed PCI‐stroke was identified in 35 patients. The majority of strokes (91%) revealed an embolic pattern, while the remaining strokes were small subcortical infarctions (9%). Watershed strokes with exclusive borderzone involvement, indicative of a hemodynamic mechanism, were not identified, despite the presence of periprocedural hypotension in 23% of patients. The middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory was affected most frequently (80%), and all patients suffering a complete MCA territorial infarction (14%) died in the hospital. Functional outcome among survivors of PCI‐stroke was typically favorable in those who had single rather than multiple vascular territory involvement.ConclusionsThe vast majority of radiologically confirmed ischemic strokes related to PCI are embolic. MCA territory strokes are most common and uniformly fatal when the entire MCA territory is affected. Functional outcomes in survivors of PCI‐stroke are improved when only a single arterial territory is affected. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: New Intermetallic Zinc Compounds with Ordering Variants of the KHg2 and LT‐SrZn5 Type.
Authors: Schwickert Christian , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe new intermetallic compounds CaAu1.02Zn0.98, SrPdZn, SrPtZn, SrAu1.03Zn0.97, BaPd1.57Zn3.43, and BaAu1.41Zn3.59 are synthesized from the elements in an induction furnace (Nb ampules, 1300 K for 2 h and 950 K for 96 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (CuInS2)0.5(ZnS)0.5 Alloy Nanocrystals and Their Use for the Fabrication of Solar Cells via Selenization.
Authors: Graeser Brian K. , Hages Charles J. , Yang Wei Chang , Carter Nathaniel J. , Miskin Caleb K. , Stach Eric A. , Agrawal Rakesh 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNanocrystalline (CuInS2)0.5(ZnS)0.5 is prepared by hot injecting stoichiometric amounts of a solution of Cu(acac)2, In(acac)3, and Zn(acac)2 in oleylamine and an oleylamine solution of S into a preheated reaction vessel also containing oleylamine (250 °C, 15 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Alternating Misfit Layered Transition/Alkaline Earth Metal Chalcogenide Ca3Co4O9 as a New Class of Chalcogenide Materials for Hydrogen Evolution.
Authors: Lim Chee Shan , Chua Chun Kiang , Sofer Zdenek , Jankovsk� Ondrej , Pumera Martin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe misfit layered mixed oxide Ca3Co4O9 is prepared by calcining a mixture of CaCO3 and Co2O3 (850 and 900 °C, 1 d each) followed by epicyclic milling and final sintering in O2 (Pt crucible, 940 °C, 100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Metallic Room‐Temperature Oxide Ion Conductor.
Authors: Heise Martin , Rasche Bertold , Isaeva Anna , Baranov Alexey I. , Ruck Michael , Schaefer Konrad , Poettgen Rainer , Eufinger Jens‐Peter , Janek Juergen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNanoparticles of Bi3Ir are prepared from mixtures of Bi(NO3)3 and Ir(OAc)3 dissolved in ethylene glycol (microwave heating, 230 °C, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis and Resolution of Novel 2‐(Hydroxymethyl)‐7,8‐dihydro‐1H‐indeno[5,4‐b]furan‐6(2H)‐one by Lipase Pseudomonas cepacia.
Authors: Nagarapu Lingaiah , Vulupala Hanmanth Reddy , Bantu Rajashaker , Sajja Yashodakrishna , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe title process allows the preparation of the acetate (III) with high enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Diels—Alder Reactions Promoted under Continuous‐Flow Conditions by Silica‐Supported Chiral Organocatalysts
Authors: Porta Riccardo , Benaglia Maurizio , Chiroli Valerio , Coccia Francesca , Puglisi Alessandra 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA simple HPLC column filled with silica‐supported MacMillian catalyst works as a catalytic reactor for the Diels—Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and cinnamic aldehyde affording the cycloadducts in high yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Triflate‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Polycyclic Tertiary Alcohols by Cyclization of γ‐Allenic Ketones.
Authors: Diaf Ilhem , Lemiere Gilles , Dunach Elisabet 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA facile protocol allows the cycloisomerization of cyclic four‐ and five‐membered γ‐allenic ketones to produce bicyclic alcohols under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes Based on a One‐Pot Phase‐Switch Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling of Primary Alcohols.
Authors: Mura Manuel G. , De Luca Lidia , Taddei Maurizio , Williams Jonathan M. J. , Porcheddu Andrea 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA microwave‐promoted and Ru‐catalyzed procedure is developed to couple two different primary alcohols of type (I) and (II) to yield α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Process for Palladium Catalyzed Direct C—H Acylation of Anilines in Water Using a Removable ortho Directing Group.
Authors: Szabo Fruzsina , Simko Daniel , Novak Zoltan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractComparison of the three step one‐pot process with the reaction sequence with full isolation of the reaction intermediates discloses comparable overall yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Ireland—Claisen Rearrangements of Substituted Allyl β‐Amino Esters: Applications in the Asymmetric Synthesis of C(5)‐Substituted Transpentacins.
Authors: Davies Stephen G. , Fletcher Ai M. , Lee James A. , Roberts Paul M. , Souleymanou Myriam Y. , Thomson James E. , Zammit Charlotte M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEnantiopure α‐substituted β‐amino acids are prepared by diastereoselective Ireland—Claisen rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Amide Synthesis by Nucleophilic Attack of Vinyl Azides.
Authors: Zhang Feng‐Lian , Wang Yi‐Feng , Lonca Geoffroy Herve , Zhu Xu , Chiba Shunsuke 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe enamine‐type vinyl azides attack carbon electrophiles such as imines (II), aldehydes (IV), and carbocations, which are generated in situ from alcohols (XV) in the presence of BF3·OEt2.
ChemInform Abstract: Revealing the Metal‐Like Behavior of Iodine: An Iodide‐Catalyzed Radical Oxidative Alkenylation.
Authors: Tang Shan , Wu Yong , Liao Wenqing , Bai Ruopeng , Liu Chao , Lei Aiwen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSulfonyl hydrazides and sulfinates undergo alkenylation in presence of potassium iodide and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Simultaneous Deprotection—Oxidation of Cyclic Hemiacetals: A Fine Ending for a Ueno—Stork ATRC to Dichloro‐γ‐lactones.
Authors: Roncaglia Fabrizio , Ghelfi Franco , Felluga Fulvia , Poppi Valentina 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe efficiency of the Boc‐protecting group in the cyclization of O‐allyl dichloroacetals to lactols and subsequent hydrolysis/oxidation to functionalized γ‐lactones (III)/(IV) is demonstrated.