bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Human‐Driven Robot Comprehension of Spatial Descriptions by Older Adults in a Robot Fetch Task
Authors: Carlson Laura , Skubic Marjorie , Miller Jared , Huo Zhiyu , Alexenko Tatiana 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis contribution presents a corpus of spatial descriptions and describes the development of a human‐driven spatial language robot system for their comprehension. The domain of application is an eldercare setting in which an assistive robot is asked to “fetch” an object for an elderly resident based on a natural language spatial description given by the resident. In Part One, we describe a corpus of naturally occurring descriptions elicited from a group of older adults within a virtual 3D home that simulates the eldercare setting. We contrast descriptions elicited when participants offered descriptions to a human versus robot avatar, and under instructions to tell the addressee how to find the target versus where the target is. We summarize the key features of the spatial descriptions, including their dynamic versus static nature and the perspective adopted by the speaker. In Part Two, we discuss critical cognitive and perceptual processing capabilities necessary for the robot to establish a common ground with the human user and perform the “fetch” task. Based on the collected corpus, we focus here on resolving the perspective ambiguity and recognizing furniture items used as landmarks in the descriptions. Taken together, the work presented here offers the key building blocks of a robust system that takes as input natural spatial language descriptions and produces commands that drive the robot to successfully fetch objects within our eldercare scenario.
The powdery mildew resistance protein RPW8.2 is carried on VAMP721/722 vesicles to the extrahaustorial membrane of haustorial complexes
Authors: Kim Hyeran , O'Connell Richard , Maekawa‐Yoshikawa Makoto , Uemura Tomohiro , Neumann Ulla , Schulze‐Lefert Paul 
Published: June 2014

SummaryPlants employ multiple cell‐autonomous defense mechanisms to impede pathogenesis of microbial intruders. Previously we identified an exocytosis defense mechanism in Arabidopsis against pathogenic powdery mildew fungi. This pre‐invasive defense mechanism depends on the formation of ternary protein complexes consisting of the plasma membrane‐localized PEN1 syntaxin, the adaptor protein SNAP33 and closely sequence‐related vesicle‐resident VAMP721 or VAMP722 proteins. The Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to powdery mildew 8.2 protein (RPW8.2) confers disease resistance against powdery mildews upon fungal entry into host cells and is specifically targeted to the extrahaustorial membrane (EHM), which envelops the haustorial complex of the fungus. However, the secretory machinery involved in trafficking RPW8.2 to the EHM is unknown. Here we report that RPW8.2 is transiently located on VAMP721/722 vesicles, and later incorporated into the EHM of mature haustoria. Resistance activity of RPW8.2 against the powdery mildew Golovinomyces orontii is greatly diminished in the absence of VAMP721 but only slightly so in the absence of VAMP722. Consistent with this result, trafficking of RPW8.2 to the EHM is delayed in the absence of VAMP721. These findings implicate VAMP721/722 vesicles as key components of the secretory machinery for carrying RPW8.2 to the plant–fungal interface. Quantitative fluorescence recovery after photobleaching suggests that vesicle‐mediated trafficking of RPW8.2–yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) to the EHM occurs transiently during early haustorial development and that lateral diffusion of RPW8.2–YFP within the EHM exceeds vesicle‐mediated replenishment of RPW8.2–YFP in mature haustoria. Our findings imply the engagement of VAMP721/722 in a bifurcated trafficking pathway for pre‐invasive defense at the cell periphery and post‐invasive defense at the EHM.
Precise spatio‐temporal modulation of ACC synthase by MPK6 cascade mediates the response of rose flowers to rehydration
Authors: Meng Yonglu , Ma Nan , Zhang Qian , You Qi , Li Na , Ali Khan Muhammad , Liu Xiaojing , Wu Lin , Su Zhen , Gao Junping 
Published: June 2014

SummaryDrought is a major abiotic stress that affects the development and growth of most plants, and limits crop yield worldwide. Although the response of plants to drought has been well documented, much less is known about how plants respond to the water recovery process, namely rehydration. Here, we describe the spatio‐temporal response of plant reproductive organs to rehydration using rose flowers as an experimental system. We found that rehydration triggered rapid and transient ethylene production in the gynoecia. This ethylene burst serves as a signal to ensure water recovery in flowers, and promotes flower opening by influencing the expression of a set of rehydration‐responsive genes. An in‐gel kinase assay suggested that the rehydration‐induced ethylene burst resulted from transient accumulation of RhACS1/2 proteins in gynoecia. Meanwhile, RhMPK6, a rose homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana MPK6, is rapidly activated by rehydration within 0.5 h. Furthermore, RhMPK6 was able to phosphorylate RhACS1 but not RhACS2 in vitro. Application of the kinase inhibitor K252a suppressed RhACS1 accumulation and rehydration‐induced ethylene production in gynoecia, and the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid had the opposite effect, confirming that accumulation of RhACS1 was phosphorylation‐dependent. Finally, silencing of RhMPK6 significantly reduced ethylene production in gynoecia when flowers were subjected to rehydration. Taken together, our results suggest that temporal‐ and spatial‐specific activation of an RhMPK6‐RhACS1 cascade is responsible for rehydration‐induced ethylene production in gynoecia, and that the resulting ethylene‐mediated signaling pathway is a key factor in flower rehydration.
Transport of rice cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase into mitochondria relies on a targeting sequence located in its C‐terminal internal region
Authors: Takahashi Sayaka , Teranishi Mika , Izumi Masanori , Takahashi Masaaki , Takahashi Fumio , Hidema Jun 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which represents a major type of DNA damage induced by ultraviolet‐B (UVB) radiation, is a principal cause of UVB‐induced growth inhibition in plants. CPD photolyase is the primary enzyme for repairing CPDs and is crucial for determining the sensitivity of Oryza sativa (rice) to UVB radiation. CPD photolyase is widely distributed among species ranging from eubacteria to eukaryotes, and is classified into class I or II based on its primary structure. We previously demonstrated that rice CPD photolyase (OsPHR), which belongs to class II and is encoded by a single‐copy gene, is a unique nuclear/mitochondrial/chloroplast triple‐targeting protein; however, the location and nature of the organellar targeting information contained within OsPHR are unknown. Here, the nuclear and mitochondrial targeting signal sequences of OsPHR were identified by systematic deletion analysis. The nuclear and mitochondrial targeting sequences are harbored within residues 487–489 and 391–401 in the C‐terminal region of OsPHR (506 amino acid residues), respectively. The mitochondrial targeting signal represents a distinct topogenic sequence that differs structurally and functionally from classical N‐terminal pre‐sequences, and this region, in addition to its role in localization to the mitochondria, is essential for the proper functioning of the CPD photolyase. Furthermore, the mitochondrial targeting sequence, which is characteristic of class‐II CPD photolyases, was acquired before the divergence of class‐II CPD photolyases in eukaryotes. These results indicate that rice plants have evolved a CPD photolyase that functions in mitochondria to protect cells from the harmful effects of UVB radiation.
Similar dynamics of intraapheresis autologous CD34+ recruitment and collection efficiency in patients undergoing mobilization with or without plerixafor
Authors: Schade Henning , Chhabra Saurabh , Kang Yubin , Stuart Robert K. , Edwards Kathy H. , Kramer Cindy , Butcher Coleen , Littleton Amanda , Schneider Molly , Budisavljevic Milos N. , Costa Luciano J. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundCompared with growth factor (G) alone, the combination of G with plerixafor (G + P) increases peripheral blood CD34+ count (PB‐CD34+) and improves CD34+ collection yield (yCD34+) in multiple myeloma and lymphoma patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell (AHPC) mobilization. It is unknown whether the improved yCD34+ with G + P results entirely from expansion of PB‐CD34+ or also from increased intraapheresis CD34+ recruitment and collection efficiency.Study Design and MethodsWe retrospectively studied 192 patients who underwent AHPC mobilization and collection with G (n = 73) or G + P (n = 119) to compare the adjusted relative efficiency (aRE), the proportion of the circulating CD34+ pool that is captured for each blood volume processed. Additionally, in a prospective cohort of nine patients mobilizing with G and 11 with G + P, PB‐CD34+ after leukapheresis allowed calculation of the recruitment coefficient (RC), proportion of the initial CD34+ pool recruited from the marrow into peripheral blood for each blood volume processed.ResultsThere was no difference in aRE between G and G + P (0.50 vs. 0.46; p = 0.37) and no substantial decline in aRE with higher blood volumes processed in either group. RC was also not different between G and G + P (median, 0.39 and 0.38, respectively; p = 0.7). Prediction of yCD34+ was determined essentially by PB‐CD34+ and not affected independently by plerixafor.ConclusionKinetics of intraapheresis CD34+ recruitment and collection is proportional to PB‐CD34+ but not influenced further by plerixafor.
Characterization of the Campylobacter jejuni Population in the Barnacle Geese Reservoir
Authors: Llarena A.‐K. , Skarp‐de Haan C. P. A. , Rossi M. , Hänninen M.‐L. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryCampylobacter spp. are the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and have been isolated from a wide number of different hosts and environmental sources. Waterfowl is considered a natural reservoir for this zoonotic bacterium and may act as a potential infection source for human campylobacteriosis. In this study, faecal samples from 924 barnacle geese were tested for the presence of C. jejuni and C. coli. The resulting C. jejuni and C. coli populations were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), structure analysis by BAPS and phylogenetic analysis based on full genome sequences. The prevalences of C. jejuni in barnacle geese faeces were 11.5% and 23.1% in 2011 and 2012, respectively, and only 0.2% of the samples were positive for C. coli in both years. Furthermore, a possible adaption of the clonal complexes (CCs) ST‐702 and ST‐1034 to the barnacle geese reservoir was found, as these two CCs represented the majority of the typed isolates and were repeatedly isolated from different flocks at several time‐points. Further core genome phylogenetic analysis using ClonalFrame revealed a formation of a distinct monophyletic lineage by these two CCs, suggesting a certain degree of clonality of the C. jejuni population adapted to barnacle geese. Therefore, although STs also commonly found in humans patients (e.g. ST‐45) were among the barnacle geese C. jejuni isolates, this reservoir is probably an infrequent source for human campylobacteriosis.
Complete Genome Sequences of the Prototype Isolates of Genotypes 2, 3, and 4 of Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus
Authors: Williams David T. , Diviney Sinéad M. , Corscadden Karli J. , Chua Beng Hooi , Mackenzie John S. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) (
Flaviviridae
family,
Flavivirus
genus), a mosquito-borne pathogen of humans and horses, is endemic to the Australasian region. We report here the complete genomes of the prototype strains of MVEV genotypes 2, 3, and 4.
Draft Genome Sequence of “
Candidatus
Cronobacter colletis” NCTC 14934
T
, a New Species in the Genus
Cronobacter
Authors: Masood Naqash , Jackson Emily , Moore Karen , Farbos Audrey , Paszkiewicz Konrad , Dickins Ben , McNally Alan , Forsythe Stephen 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Members of the
Cronobacter
genus are associated with serious infections in neonates. This is the first report of the draft genome sequence for the newly proposed species
Cronobacter colletis
.
Quality of Reporting of Randomised Controlled Trials of Acupuncture for Neurological Diseases Conducted in China
Authors: Luo Gaoquan , Lu Liming , Zeng Jingchun 
Published: June 2014

Objectives To investigate the quality of reporting for randomised controlled trials of acupuncture for neurological disorders conducted in China before and after the implementation of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and Standards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) guidelines. Methods The quality of reporting for included papers was assessed against a subset of criteria adapted from CONSORT and STRICTA. CONSORT and STRICTA were developed in 1996 and 2001, respectively. Thus, for the date of publication we selected 2-year periods, at 5-yearly intervals: 1994–1995; 1999–2000; 2004–2005 and 2009–2010. These selections cover the periods before the publication dates of both guidelines (1996, 2001) and at least 3 years afterwards, and provide reasonably up-to-date data. We calculated the total score for each guideline and compared reported differences during different date ranges. Results For CONSORT items (maximum score 8), there was evidence of a slight improvement in reporting between 1994–1995 and 1999–2000 combined (2.5±0.6) and 2004–2005 and 2009–2010 combined (3.0±0.9) (difference 0.5, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.8). For STRICTA items (maximum score 17), there was evidence of a slight improvement in reporting between 1994–1995 and 1999–2000 combined (8.9±1.8) and 2004–2005 and 2009–2010 combined (10.3±1.6) (difference 1.4, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.9). Conclusions The quality of reporting for studies of acupuncture for neurological disorders has generally improved since the implementation of STRICTA and CONSORT guidelines.
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among older people in Africa: a systematic review study protocol
Authors: Werfalli Mahmoud , Musekiwa Alfred , Engel Mark E , Ross Ian , Kengne Andre P , Levitt Naomi S 
Published: June 2014

IntroductionThe number of people with diabetes in Africa is projected to increase substantially in the next two decades, due to factors including rapid urbanisation, adoption of unhealthy diets and exercise patterns and the ageing of the population. There are currently uncertainties regarding the incidence, prevalence and management patterns of diabetes in older people across the diversity of African countries. We wish to perform a systematic review to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Africa in the older individual, over the age of 55 years, reported in studies from 2000 to 2013.Methods and analysesA comprehensive literature search among a number of databases will be undertaken, using an African search filter to identify diabetes prevalence studies that were published from 2000 to 2013. Full copies of articles identified by the search, and considered to meet the inclusion criteria, will be obtained for data extraction and synthesis. Statistical analysis of the primary measures, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and oral glucose tolerance test will include two steps: (1) identification of data sources and documenting estimates and (2) application of the random-effects meta-analysis model to aggregate prevalence estimates and account for between study variability in calculating the overall pooled estimates and 95% CI for diabetes prevalence. Heterogeneity will be evaluated using the I2statistic to determine the extent of variation in effect estimates that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance. This systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).Ethics and disseminationEthics is not required for this study, given that this is a protocol for a systematic review, which utilises published data. The findings of this study will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
Exploring perceived barriers, drivers, impacts and the need for evaluation of public involvement in health and social care research: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Snape D , Kirkham J , Britten N , Froggatt K , Gradinger F , Lobban F , Popay Jennie , Wyatt K , Jacoby Ann 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo explore areas of consensus and conflict in relation to perceived public involvement (PI) barriers and drivers, perceived impacts of PI and ways of evaluating PI approaches in health and social care research.BackgroundInternationally and within the UK the recognition of potential benefits of PI in health and social care research is gathering momentum and PI is increasingly identified by organisations as a prerequisite for funding. However, there is relatively little examination of the impacts of PI and how those impacts might be measured.DesignMixed method, three-phase, modified Delphi technique, conducted as part of a larger MRC multiphase project.SampleClinical and non-clinical academics, members of the public, research managers, commissioners and funders.FindingsThis study found high levels of consensus about the most important barriers and drivers to PI. There was acknowledgement that tokenism was common in relation to PI; and strong support for the view that demonstrating the impacts and value of PI was made more difficult by tokenistic practice. PI was seen as having intrinsic value; nonetheless, there was clear support for the importance of evaluating its impact. Research team cohesion and appropriate resources were considered essential to effective PI implementation. Panellists agreed that PI can be challenging, but can be facilitated by clear guidance, together with models of good practice and measurable standards.ConclusionsThis study is the first to present empirical evidence of the opinions voiced by key stakeholders on areas of consensus and conflict in relation to perceived PI barriers and drivers, perceived impacts of PI and the need to evaluate PI. As such it further contributes to debate around best practice in PI, the potential for tokenism and how best to evaluate the impacts of PI. These findings have been used in the development of the Public Involvement Impact Assessment Framework (PiiAF), an online resource which offers guidance to researchers and members of the public involved in the PI process.
VNIR spectral characteristics of terrestrial igneous effusive rocks: mineralogical composition and the influence of texture
Authors: Carli C. , Serventi G. , Sgavetti M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Visible and Near-Infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectroscopy is an important technique with which to map mineralogy and mineralogical variations across planetary surfaces using remotely sensed data. Absorption bands in this spectral range are due to electronic or molecular processes directly related to mineral families or specific compositions. Effusive igneous rocks are widely recognized materials distributed on the surfaces of terrestrial planets, and are formed by primary minerals that can be discriminated by electronic absorptions (e.g. crystal field absorption). In this paper, we review the current knowledge of effusive rock compositions obtained by crystal field absorption in VNIR reflectance spectroscopy, and consider how different petrographical characteristics influence the mineralogical interpretation of such rock compositions. We show that: (1) the dominant mineralogy can be clearly recognized for crystalline material, especially with relatively large crystal dimension groundmass or high porphyritic index; (2) both grain and crystal size are important factors that influence the spectra of effusive rocks where groundmass is generally characterized by microscopic crystals; and (3) glassy dark components in the groundmass reduce or hide the crystal field absorption of mafic minerals or plagioclase otherwise expected to be present.
Engineered Fusokine GIFT4 Licenses the Ability of B Cells to Trigger a Tumoricidal T-cell Response
Authors: Deng Jiusheng , Yuan Shala , Pennati Andrea , Murphy Jordan , Wu Jian Hui , Lawson David , Galipeau Jacques 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEngineered chimeric cytokines can generate gain-of-function activity in immune cells. Here, we report potent antitumor activity for a novel fusion cytokine generated by N-terminal coupling of GM-CSF to IL4, generating a fusokine termed GIFT4. B cells treated with GIFT4 clustered GM-CSF and IL4 receptors on the cell surface and displayed a pan-STAT hyperphosphorylation associated with acquisition of a distinct phenotype and function described to date. In C57BL/6J mice, administration of GIFT4 expanded endogenous B cells and suppressed the growth of B16F0 melanoma cells. Furthermore, B16F0 melanoma cells engineered to secrete GIFT4 were rejected immunologically in a B-cell–dependent manner. This effect was abolished when GIFT4-expressing B16F0 cells were implanted in B-cell–deficient mice, confirming a B-cell–dependent antitumor effect. Human GIFT4-licensed B cells primed cytotoxic T cells and specifically killed melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrated that GIFT4 could mediate expansion of B cells with potent antigen-specific effector function. GIFT4 may offer a novel immunotherapeutic tool and define a previously unrecognized potential for B cells in melanoma immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 74(15); 4133–44. ©2014 AACR.
RETRACTED: CD44 Expression Denotes a Subpopulation of Gastric Cancer Cells in Which Hedgehog Signaling Promotes Chemotherapy Resistance
Authors: Yoon Changhwan , Park Do Joong , Schmidt Benjamin , Thomas Nicholas J. , Lee Hae-June , Kim Teresa S. , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Cohen Deirdre J. , Yoon Sam S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Gastric cancers may harbor a subset of cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, including chemotherapy resistance, and CD44 is a gastric CSC marker. The Hedgehog (HH) pathway is a key developmental pathway that can be subverted by CSCs during tumorigenesis. Here, we examine the role of HH signaling in CD44(+) gastric cancer cells.
Experimental Design: Gastric cancer cell lines, tumor xenografts, and patient tumors were examined.
Results: Gastric cancer cell lines AGS, MKN-45, and NCI-N87 grown as spheroids or sorted for CD44(+) were found to have upregulation of HH pathway proteins. HH inhibition using Smoothened (Smo) shRNA or vismodegib (VIS) decreased spheroid formation and colony formation. CD44(+) cells, compared with unselected cells, were also resistant to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin chemotherapy, and this resistance was reversed in vitro and in xenografts with Smo shRNA or VIS. CD44(+) cells also had significantly more migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth, and these properties could all be blocked with HH inhibition. Clinical tumor samples from a phase II trial of chemotherapy with or without VIS for advanced gastric cancer were analyzed for CD44 expression. In the chemotherapy alone group, high CD44 expression was associated with decreased survival, whereas in the chemotherapy plus VIS group, high CD44 expression was associated with improved survival.
Conclusions: HH signaling maintains CSC phenotypes and malignant transformation phenotypes in CD44(+) gastric cancer cells, and HH inhibition can reverse chemotherapy resistance in CD44(+) cells. Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the strategy of combining chemotherapy with HH inhibition may only be effective in tumors with high CD44 levels. Clin Cancer Res; 20(15); 3974–88. ©2014 AACR.