bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Allium host in India
Authors: Gawai Tushar , Sadawarte Sharwari , Khandagale Kiran , Raj Anusha , Kulkarni Abhijeet , Jaiswal Durgesh Kumar , Ade Avinash B. , Gawande Suresh 
Published: July 2024

Background
Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) is a complex of cryptic species with subtle morphological differences and distinct genetic backgrounds; thus, species identification using traditional methods remains challenging. The existence of different haplotypes and genotypes within a species can significantly influence various aspects of its biology, including host preference, reproductive capacity, resistance to pesticides, and vector competence for plant viruses. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of cryptic species within T. tabaci will not only aid in the development of more effective control strategies tailored to specific genetic variants but also in monitoring population dynamics, tracking invasive species, and implementing quarantine measures to prevent the spread of economically damaging thrips biotypes.

Methods
This study aims to explore intraspecies genetic diversity and molecular evolutionary relationships of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene subunit I (mtCOI) in T. tabaci populations from India. To capture diversity within the Indian T. tabaci populations, amplicon sequencing was performed for the thrips mtCOI gene from eight diverse localities in India. A total of 48 sequences retrieved for the mtCOI gene from the NCBI Nucleotide database were analysed.

Results
Multiple insertions and deletions were detected at various genomic positions across the populations from different localities, with the highest variation observed in the 300–400 genome position range. Molecular diversity analyses identified 30 haplotypes within the population, with certain subpopulations exhibiting higher gene flow. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism patterns within the mtCOI gene across diverse Indian locales revealed significant intrapopulation genetic heterogeneity and its potential repercussions on gene functionality. Elevated F statistics (Fst) values in the northern–western subpopulations suggested high genetic variability, particularly evident in haplotype networks originating mainly from the northern region, notably Delhi. While most populations displayed stable and ancient evolutionary histories, thrips populations from northern, western, and north-eastern regions indicated rapid growth.
Meiofauna at a tropical sandy beach in the SW Atlantic: the influence of seasonality on diversity
Authors: Coppo Gabriel C. , Pereira Araiene P. , Netto Sergio A. , Bernardino Angelo F. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Sandy beaches are dynamic environments housing a large diversity of organisms and providing important environmental services. Meiofaunal metazoan are small organisms that play a key role in the sediment. Their diversity, distribution and composition are driven by sedimentary and oceanographic parameters. Understanding the diversity patterns of marine meiofauna is critical in a changing world.

Methods
In this study, we investigate if there is seasonal difference in meiofaunal assemblage composition and diversity along 1 year and if the marine seascapes dynamics (water masses with particular biogeochemical features, characterized by temperature, salinity, absolute dynamic topography, chromophoric dissolved organic material, chlorophyll-a, and normalized fluorescent line height), rainfall, and sediment parameters (total organic matter, carbonate, carbohydrate, protein, lipids, protein-to-carbohydrate, carbohydrate-to-lipids, and biopolymeric carbon) affect significatively meiofaunal diversity at a tropical sandy beach. We tested two hypotheses here: (i) meiofaunal diversity is higher during warmer months and its composition changes significatively among seasons along a year at a tropical sandy beach, and (ii) meiofaunal diversity metrics are significantly explained by marine seascapes characteristics and sediment parameters. We used metabarcoding (V9 hypervariable region from 18S gene) from sediment samples to assess the meiofaunal assemblage composition and diversity (phylogenetic diversity and Shannon’s diversity) over a period of 1 year.

Results
Meiofauna was dominated by Crustacea (46% of sequence reads), Annelida (28% of sequence reads) and Nematoda (12% of sequence reads) in periods of the year with high temperatures (>25 °C), high salinity (>31.5 ppt), and calm waters. Our data support our initial hypotheses revealing a higher meiofaunal diversity (phylogenetic and Shannon’s Diversity) and different composition during warmer periods of the year. Meiofaunal diversity was driven by a set of multiple variables, including biological variables (biopolymeric carbon) and organic matter quality (protein content, lipid content, and carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio).
V‐shaped, Strongly‐emitting, π‐Expanded Hydrophilic Azacyanines: Synthesis, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Tasior Mariusz , Hugues Vincent , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRarely studied azacyanine cations react with electron‐rich aromatic aldehydes under Knoevenagel conditions to allow easy access to V‐shaped D‐π‐A+‐π‐D chromophores, in which the acceptor moiety A is a π‐electron‐deficient cation and the donor moiety is represented by different π‐electron‐rich benzene rings. The resulting inherently hydrophilic dyes display excellent two‐photon brightness as a result of large two‐photon absorption (2PA) cross‐sections and strong orange fluorescence.
Upper and lower airways associations in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and bronchiectasis
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Ferril Geoffrey R. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Woodson Trudi , Green Tyler J. , Kingdom Todd T. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundBronchiectasis is an uncommon disease of the lower airways characterized by bronchial wall destruction and permanent bronchiolar dilation. Several etiologic categories exist, and patients with bronchiectasis often complain of symptoms suggestive of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The present study investigates the association between bronchiectasis and CRS using radiologic and bacteriologic data.MethodsRetrospective chart review from a tertiary care respiratory hospital was performed. Sinus computed tomography (CT) scans were examined for extent of disease and relationship to pulmonary disease severity. Statistical analysis was performed with Student t test and linear regression. Upper and lower airway cultures from patients with both bronchiectasis and CRS were compared using the chance adjusted agreement.ResultsPatients with bronchiectasis were found to have a significantly higher Lund‐Mackay score when compared to patients with allergic rhinitis (p = 0.047). Lund‐Mackay CT score did not correlate with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1:forced vital capacity (FVC), or presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Correlation of upper and lower airway bacterial cultures in patients with both bronchiectasis and CRS was noted (kappa = 0.294, p = 0.004), particularly when P. aeruginosa was present (kappa = 0.49, p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe current study suggests that the upper and lower airways may be linked in CRS and bronchiectasis from both an objective radiologic standpoint and a bacteriologic perspective. This finding carries implications for disease pathogenesis, clinical care, and future research.
Polyurethane: vielseitige Materialien und nachhaltige Problemlöser für aktuelle Anforderungen
Authors: Engels Hans‐Wilhelm , Pirkl Hans‐Georg , Albers Reinhard , Albach Rolf W. , Krause Jens , Hoffmann Andreas , Casselmann Holger , Dormish Jeff 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPolyurethane sind die einzige Polymerklasse, die abhängig von chemischem und morphologischem Aufbau thermoplastisches, elastomeres oder duromeres Materialverhalten zeigt. Außer den kompakten sind speziell auch die geschäumten Polyurethane weit verbreitet und erzielen die gewünschten Eigenschaften bei niedrigstem Gewicht. Der einfache Aufbau von Sandwichstrukturen und Materialverbünden in einem Verarbeitungsschritt ist ein entscheidender Vorteil der Polyurethantechnologie. Energie‐ und Ressourceneffizienz erfordern zunehmend Leichtbaukonstruktionen. Polyurethane können hier als Matrixmaterialien oder flexible Klebstoffe für Verbundmaterialien fungieren. Für hochwertige Beschichtungen zur Dekoration und zum Werterhalt einer Vielzahl von Gegenständen sind Polyurethane unverzichtbar. Polyurethane sind äußerst anpassungsfähige und nachhaltige Problemlöser für aktuelle Bedürfnisse unserer Gesellschaft, die besondere Materialanforderungen stellen.
Carbon Nanotubes: An Example of Multiscale Development—A Mechanistic View from the Subnanometer to the Meter Scale
Authors: Mleczko Leslaw , Lolli Giulio 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe summarize the catalytic synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The current understanding of the reaction mechanism is presented, in particular the catalyst design for the CCVD process is analyzed. To complement that, kinetics and reaction engineering aspects are discussed along with the impact of the reaction and reactor operation on the product properties. All these issues are analyzed from the perspective of the industrial synthesis and implications for the application of carbon nanotubes. Carbon‐nanotube technology is a perfect example of multi‐scale development and covers challenges from the nanometer to the meter scale. Problems, methods, and solutions characteristic for different scales will be highlighted. The Co/Mn catalyst is used as reference as one of the first commercially used technologies for the scalable production of multiwall carbon nanotubes.
Altering the Shape of Punishment Distributions Affects Decision Making in a Modified Iowa Gambling Task
Authors: Seeley Corrine J. , Cashaback Joshua G. A. , Smith Carlyle T. , Beninger Richard J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTNeuroeconomics research has shown that preference for gambling is altered by the statistical moments (mean, variance, and skew) of reward and punishment distributions. Although it has been shown that altered means can affect feedback‐based decision making tasks, little is known if the variance and skew will have an effect on these tasks. To investigate, we systematically controlled the variance (high, medium, and low) and skew (negative, zero, and positive) of the punishment distributions in a modified version of the Iowa Gambling Task. The Iowa Gambling Task has been used extensively in both academic and clinical domains to understand decision making and diagnose decision making impairments. Our results show that decision making can be altered by an interaction of variance and skew. We found a significant decrease over trials in choices from the decks with high variance and asymmetrically skewed punishments and from the decks with low variance and zero skew punishments. These results indicate that punishment distribution shape alone can change human perception of what is optimal (i.e., mean expected outcome) and may help explain what guides our day‐to‐day decisions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early Positive Information Impacts Final Evaluations: No Deliberation‐Without‐Attention Effect and a Test of a Dynamic Judgment Model
Authors: González Vallejo Claudia , Cheng Jiuqing , Phillips Nathaniel , Chimeli Janna , Bellezza Francis , Harman Jason , Lassiter G. Daniel , Lindberg Matthew J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTEvaluation judgments were affected by information order and not by subsequent unconscious versus conscious deliberation. In three experiments, we examined the influence of early positive information on final evaluations of four objects. Based on a task analysis, we predicted primacy effects in judgments in a sequential data acquisition task. Thinking periods following presentation were used to manipulate conscious or unconscious processing. In all three studies, we found no effects of thinking manipulations but instead found reliable order effects. We developed and tested an online judgment model on the basis of the belief updating model of Hogarth and Einhorn. The model accounted for large proportion of the individual level variability, and model comparison tests supported the presence of a primacy effect. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IsoDesign: A software for optimizing the design of 13C‐metabolic flux analysis experiments
Authors: Millard Pierre , Sokol Serguei , Letisse Fabien , Portais Jean‐Charles 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe growing demand for 13C‐metabolic flux analysis (13C‐MFA) in the field of metabolic engineering and systems biology is driving the need to rationalize expensive and time‐consuming 13C‐labeling experiments. Experimental design is a key step in improving both the number of fluxes that can be calculated from a set of isotopic data and the precision of flux values. We present IsoDesign, a software that enables these parameters to be maximized by optimizing the isotopic composition of the label input. It can be applied to 13C‐MFA investigations using a broad panel of analytical tools (MS, MS/MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, etc.) individually or in combination. It includes a visualization module to intuitively select the optimal label input depending on the biological question to be addressed. Applications of IsoDesign are described, with an example of the entire 13C‐MFA workflow from the experimental design to the flux map including important practical considerations. IsoDesign makes the experimental design of 13C‐MFA experiments more accessible to a wider biological community. IsoDesign is distributed under an open source license at http://metasys.insa‐toulouse.fr/software/isodes/ Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 202–208. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and validation of a stability‐indicating assay including the isolation and characterization of degradation products of metaxalone by LC‐MS
Authors: Rao R. Nageswara , Farah Hassan , Sahu Prafulla Kumar , Janarthan Muthumani , Naidu Ch. Gangu 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTA stability‐indicating reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for the assay of metaxalone through forced degradation under acidic, alkaline, photo, oxidative and peroxide stress conditions. Separation of degradation products was accomplished on a reverse‐phase Phenomenex C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column thermostated at 25°C using 10 mM aqueous ammonium acetate: methanol (35:65 v/v) as mobile phase in an isocratic mode of elution. The eluents were detected at 275 nm by photo diode array detector and mass detectors connected in series. Two unknown base hydrolysis products of metaxalone were identified and characterized as (a) methyl 3‐(3,5‐dimethylphenoxy)‐2‐hydroxypropylcarbamate and (b) 1‐(3,5‐dimethylphenoxy)‐3‐aminopropan‐2‐ol by MS, 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and metaxalone was selectively determined in presence of its degradation impurities, demonstrating its stability‐indicating nature. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychiatric correlates of past incarceration in the national co‐morbidity study replication
Authors: Greenberg Greg A. , Rosenheck Robert A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundMental illness and substance abuse have been increasingly linked to criminal justice system involvement, but this relationship has mostly been by survey of prison populations and inferences of excess rates of disorder made by noting how these rates compare with national population‐based surveys of mental disorders.AimsThe aim of this study is to examine associations between history of mental disorders, including substance misuse, with incarceration history within a single population‐based data set.MethodsData were from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally representative household survey of respondents 18 years and older conducted between 5 February 2001 and 7 April 2003.ResultsMultivariate regression analysis showed the strongest independent risk factors for a history of incarceration were being male [odds ratio (OR) = 6.3; p < 0.001], past receipt of welfare payments (OR = 2.1; p < 0.001), longer than 1 week of past homelessness (OR = 2.1; p < 0.001), not being from the northeast of the USA (OR = 0.31; p < 0.001) and a lifetime substance abuse or dependence diagnosis (OR = 4.9; p < 0.001). With the exception of welfare payments, these measures were also independently associated with longer (27 + days) incarceration.ConclusionsThe socioeconomic associates of incarceration history were unexpected, and in line with other, differently conducted studies. The fact that only substance misuse disorders of all those assessed were independently associated with incarceration history was a surprise, given the multiplicity of prison surveys, which have shown higher rates of other serious mental disorders. Although we were unable to include measures of schizophrenia or similar psychosis and used impulse control disorders as surrogates for personality disorder, absence of a relationship between depression and incarceration when measured in the same way and over the same time among those previously incarcerated and those not, raises questions about the weight that should be put on the existing epidemiological perspective of mental disorder among prisoners. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Ni‐Catalyzed Growth of Graphene Layers during Thermal Annealing: Implications for the Synthesis of Carbon‐Supported PtNi Fuel‐Cell Catalysts
Authors: Gan Lin , Rudi Stefan , Cui Chunhua , Strasser Peter 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThermal annealing is an important and widely adopted step during the synthesis of Pt bimetallic fuel‐cell catalysts, although it faces the inevitable drawback of particle sintering. Understanding this sintering mechanism is important for the future development of highly active and robust fuel‐cell catalysts. Herein, we studied the particle sintering during the thermal annealing of carbon‐supported Pt1–xNix (PtNi, PtNi3, and PtNi5) nanoparticles, a reported recently class of highly active fuel‐cell catalysts. By using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, we found that annealing at an intermediate temperature (400 °C) effectively increased the extent of alloying without particle sintering; however, high‐temperature annealing (800 °C) caused severe particle sintering, which, unexpectedly, was strongly dependent on the composition of the alloy, thus showing that a higher Ni content resulted in a higher extent of particle sintering. This result can be ascribed to the solid‐state transformation of the carbon support into graphene layers, catalyzed by Ni‐richer catalyst, which, in turn, promoted particle migration/coalescence and, hence, more‐significant sintering. Therefore, our results provide important insight for the synthesis of carbon‐supported Pt‐alloy fuel‐cell catalysts.
Transesterification of Soybean Oil with Ethylene Glycol, Catalyzed by Modified Li‐Al layered double hydroxides
Authors: Jiang J. , Zhang Y. , Zheng Y. , Jiang P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSolid catalysts, Li‐Al layered double hydroxides (Li‐Al LDHs), were prepared to catalyze the transesterification of soybean oil (SBO) with ethylene glycol. To improve catalytic activity, the Li‐Al LDHs were modified by calcination and further modification after calcination with a silane coupling agent containing amine groups. Calcination caused the change of the catalysts' structure from a double‐layer structure to porous particle and the specific surface area highly increased. After modification with a silane coupling agent, the average pore diameter increased. The two methods had a similar effect on catalytic activity improvement. However, modifying with a coupling agent can sharply decrease the catalysts' regeneration temperature. Furthermore, catalyst recycling and regeneration, along with the effects of temperature, time, agitation, and ratio between SBO and ethylene glycol on transesterification were studied.
Synthesis of a Strained Acetylenic Macrocycle Incorporating a para‐Oligo[2]cruciform Bridge Bent over Nanoscopic Dimensions: Structural, Electronic, Spectroscopic, and Ion‐Sensing Properties
Authors: Baxter Paul N. W. , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Karmazin‐Brelot Lydia , Varnek Alexandre , Allouche Lionel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn Eglinton–Galbraith diethyne cyclization preferentially yielded a structurally unusual macrocycle, comprising a strained conjugated oligo[2]cruciform wire, forced into a 2.2 nm bow‐shape by a terpyridine rein or tether, and stabilized towards light and heat by four insulating triisopropylsilylacetylene (TIPSA) substituents. Spectroscopic ion‐binding studies revealed the macrocycle to exhibit a particularly high UV/Vis selectivity for PdII in dilute solution, and one of its precursors to afford a variety of luminescence quenching and color responses to particular metals, suggestive of promising ion‐sensor applications. Under more concentrated conditions, the new macrocycle is able to bind specific metals (e.g., AuI) within its cavity despite the steric constraints. Intriguingly, variable‐temperature (VT) UV/Vis/1H NMR investigations showed the TIPSA substituents to undergo restricted intramolecular motions along with reversible changes in the spectroscopic bandgap of the compound with temperature. In line with the theoretical calculations, the VT UV/Vis observations are consistent with a thermal modulation of the electronic conjugation through the strained oligo[2]cruciform bridge, which is coupled with redistributions within a mixture of conformational isomers of the macrocycle with differing relative twisting between the TIPSA‐substituted phenyl rings. Overall, the generation of a para‐oligo[2]cruciform, bent and flexed over nanoscopic dimensions through conformational tethering within the macrocyclic ring is noteworthy, and suggests a general approach to nanosized, curved, and strained, yet heat‐ and light‐stable, para‐phenyleneethynylene oligomers with unique physicochemical properties and challenging theoretical possibilities.
Transition Metal Complexes of a Salen–Fullerene Diad: Redox and Catalytically Active Nanostructures for Delivery of Metals in Nanotubes
Authors: Lebedeva Maria A. , Chamberlain Thomas W. , Davies E. Stephen , Mancel Dorothée , Thomas Bradley E. , Suyetin Mikhail , Bichoutskaia Elena , Schröder Martin , Khlobystov Andrei N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA covalently‐linked salen–C60 (H2L) assembly binds a range of transition metal cations in close proximity to the fullerene cage to give complexes [M(L)] (M=Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd), [MCl(L)] (M=Cr, Fe) and [V(O)L]. Attaching salen covalently to the C60 cage only marginally slows down metal binding at the salen functionality compared to metal binding to free salen. Coordination of metal cations to salen–C60 introduces to these fullerene derivatives strong absorption bands across the visible spectrum from 400 to 630 nm, the optical features of which are controlled by the nature of the transition metal. The redox properties of the metal–salen–C60 complexes are determined both by the fullerene and by the nature of the transition metal, enabling the generation of a wide range of fullerene‐containing charged species, some of which possess two or more unpaired electrons. The presence of the fullerene cage enhances the affinity of these complexes for carbon nanostructures, such as single‐, double‐ and multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphitised carbon nanofibres, without detrimental effects on the catalytic activity of the metal centre, as demonstrated in styrene oxidation catalysed by [Cu(L)]. This approach shows promise for applications of salen–C60 complexes in heterogeneous catalysis.