bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal indicators of ecological specialization in pika (Mammalia, Ochotonidae)
Authors: Reese Aspen T. , Lanier Hayley C. , Sargis Eric J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCover illustration. Collared pika (Ochotona collaris) is caught mid‐leap on a foraging bout by wildlife photographer Moose Peterson. In this issue of the Journal of Morphology Reese, Lanier, and Sargis study whether postcranial features related to burrowing are present in meadow‐dwelling species and whether talus‐dwelling species (like the one on the cover) exhibit postcranial modifications related to frequent leaping between rocks (pages 585–602).
Clinical application of controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in a higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA)‐volumetric interpolated breathhold (VIBE) sequence for gadoxetic acid‐enhanced liver MR imaging
Authors: Yu Mi Hye , Lee Jeong Min , Yoon Jeong‐Hee , Kiefer Berthold , Han Joon Koo , Choi Byung‐Ihn 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo determine whether a controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA) technique can improve the image quality of three‐dimensional (3D), T1‐weighted gradient echo (T1w‐GRE) imaging compared with the use of a standard, parallel acquisition technique (PAT).Materials and MethodsSixty‐four patients who underwent liver MR on a 3 Tesla (T) scanner, were included in this study. Twenty minutes after the injection of 0.025 mmole/kg of gadoxetic acid, 3D T1w‐GRE imaging (volumetric interpolated breathhold examination [VIBE]) was acquired twice using a generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (384 × 250 matrix, acceleration factor [AF] of 2) and a CAIPIRINHA (384 × 380 matrix, AF of 4), respectively. Qualitative image analysis was performed for two image sets.ResultsCAIPIRINHA‐VIBE showed better hepatic vessel clarity and lesion conspicuity than standard VIBE (P < 0.05). CAIPIRINHA‐VIBE in the coronal plane also provided better results of motion artifact and liver edge sharpness than the standard VIBE (P < 0.05). Despite the more apparent PAT artifact on CAIPIRINHA‐VIBE than on standard VIBE (P < 0.05), CAIPIRINHA‐VIBE showed better overall image quality.ConclusionThe CAIPIRINHA‐VIBE was able to provide a higher spatial resolution, T1‐weighted imaging with better image quality compared with a standard VIBE. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1020–1026. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of temperature processing methods for monitoring focused ultrasound ablation in the brain
Authors: Rieke Viola , Instrella Ron , Rosenberg Jarrett , Grissom William , Werner Beat , Martin Ernst , Pauly Kim Butts 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo investigate the performance of different reconstruction methods for monitoring temperature changes during transcranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS).Materials and MethodsFour different temperature reconstruction methods were compared in volunteers (without heating) and patients undergoing transcranial MRgFUS: single baseline subtraction, multibaseline subtraction, hybrid single baseline/referenceless reconstruction, and hybrid multibaseline/referenceless reconstruction. Absolute temperature error and temporal temperature uncertainty of the different reconstruction methods were analyzed and compared.ResultsAbsolute temperature errors and temporal temperature uncertainty were highest with single baseline subtraction and lowest with hybrid multibaseline/referenceless reconstruction in all areas of the brain. Pulsation of the brain and susceptibility changes from tongue motion or swallowing caused substantial temperature errors when single or multibaseline subtraction was used, which were much reduced when the referenceless component was added to the reconstruction.ConclusionHybrid multibaseline/referenceless thermometry accurately measures temperature changes in the brain with fewer artifacts and errors due to motion than pure baseline subtraction methods. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1462–1471. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative multiparametric MRI of ovarian cancer
Authors: Carter Jori S. , Koopmeiners Joseph S. , Kuehn‐Hajder Jessica E. , Metzger Gregory J. , Lakkadi Navneeth , Downs Levi S. , Bolan Patrick J. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo identify parameters associated with ovarian malignancy using multiparametric quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsAfter Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, women with ovarian masses underwent preoperative imaging with 3 T MRI. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI with pharmacokinetic modeling, quantitative T2 mapping, and diffusion‐weighted imaging with quantitative mapping of the water diffusion parameters were performed. Ovarian masses had one or more discreet regions of interest, categorized as cystic or solid, and histologically diagnosed as benign or malignant. Mean region of interest (ROI) values were compared between benign and malignant masses using generalized estimating equations. In addition, we compared classification accuracy for the mean ROI value to a combination of histogram characteristics (standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) from T2 map ROIs using logistic regression and ROC curve. The significance level was P = 0.05.ResultsSeveral DCE‐MRI parameters differentiated solid benign from malignant masses. Toft's rate constant (kep) was significantly higher in malignant masses (P < 0.001), as well as quantitative T2 values (P = 0.003), and signal intensity on T2 weighted imaging (P = 0.008). A linear combination of the mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis of T2 within solid regions (area under the curve [AUC] 0.90) provided better classification accuracy than the mean of T2 alone (AUC 0.81).ConclusionQuantitative parameters from DCE‐MRI and T2 mapping can differentiate benign from malignant ovarian masses. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1501–1509. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Composite pH predicts esomeprazole response in laryngopharyngeal reflux without typical reflux syndrome
Authors: Lien Han‐Chung , Wang Chen‐Chi , Liang Wen‐Miin , Sung Fung‐Chang , Hsu Jeng‐Yuan , Yeh Hong‐Zen , Chong Kareen , Chang Chi‐Sen 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisFactors predicting the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) are unclear. PPI treatment in patients without concomitant esophageal syndrome remains controversial. We investigated whether composite pH can predict PPI treatment response for LPR with or without concomitant typical reflux syndrome (CTRS).Study DesignProspective, open‐label therapeutic cohort study.MethodsPatients with LPR in a tertiary center divided by presence (n = 65) and absence (n = 42) of CTRS underwent 24‐hour esophagopharyngeal pH test and took esomeprazole (40 mg, twice daily) for 12 weeks. Positive composite pH was defined as the presence of 1) excessive pharyngeal acid reflux, and/or 2) excessive distal esophageal acid reflux. A responder was defined as a patient with ≥50% reduction in primary laryngeal symptoms. The change in reflux symptoms was determined using the reflux symptom index (RSI) questionnaire. Logistic regression and mixed model were used to evaluate the predictability of the composite pH parameter.ResultsAfter 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, participants with positive composite pH were 10.3‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7–61.5; P = .01) and 7.9‐fold (95% CI, 1.4–44.8; P = .02) more likely to respond, respectively, than participants with negative composite pH among patients without CTRS. However, no difference was found in those with CTRS. Weekly repeated measures of RSI yielded similar findings.ConclusionsIn patients with suspected LPR without CTRS, a composite pH parameter, which incorporates pharyngeal and distal esophageal acid reflux, may predict response to esomeprazole therapy.Level of Evidence2b
Characterization of the thrombospondin (TSP)‐II gene in Penaeus monodon and a novel role of TSP‐like proteins in an induction of shrimp sperm acrosome reaction
Authors: Magerd Sirilug , Asuvapongpatana Somluk , Vanichviriyakit Rapeepun , Chotwiwatthanakun Charoonroj , Weerachatyanukul Wattana 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWe have recently shown that water‐soluble materials from the egg extracellular cortical rods (wsCRs) exert the ability to induce the sperm acrosome reaction in Penaeus monodon. In this study, we further demonstrated that the thrombospondin protein family (TSP) existed in wsCRs, and that their mRNA transcripts were detected in developing oocytes as early as stage I. Full sequence analysis revealed that our pmTSP sequence was considerably different from the recently reported pmTSP in the 5′ nonconserved region and in many TSP signature domains, hence, the name pmTSP‐II was given to our variant. The transcripts of pmTSP‐II were detected only in early developing oocytes (stage‐I and ‐II) while TSP‐like proteins were detected in all developing oocytes, particularly at the outer rim of cortical rods situated in the extracellular crypts of the mature, stage‐IV oocytes. In addition, wsCRs contained anti‐TSP‐reactive proteins, suggesting that TSP‐like proteins are dissolved in and are part of the egg water during spawning. The functional importance of TSP‐like proteins was evident by the interference of a wsCR‐induced acrosome reaction response with anti‐TSP in a concentration‐dependent manner. In summary, we found that pmTSP‐II transcripts were present in the developing oocytes and pmTSP‐II protein accumulated in cortical rods, which are partly secreted and thus solubilized to produce dissolved TSP‐like proteins that participate in induction of the sperm acrosome reaction—a novel reproductive role for TSP protein family. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 393–402, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stability analysis of finite difference schemes revisited: A study of decoupled solution strategies for coupled multifield problems
Authors: Ehlers W. , Zinatbakhsh S. , Markert B. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYMany problems in engineering, physics or other disciplines require an integrated treatment of coupled heterogeneous fields. The mathematical models of such problems commonly consist of a coupled PDE system. Considerable progress has been made in the development of schemes to solve such systems resulting in a wide spectrum of monolithic and decoupled numerical solution approaches. In particular, the flexibility offered by the decoupled strategies in choosing appropriate solution methods and adjustable time‐step sizes has motivated the elaboration of these schemes. However, the way of decoupling can influence the stability of the resulting solution algorithm and, hence, urges a comprehensive stability analysis.The purpose of this contribution is to elucidate the salient points in the stability analysis of the numerical solution schemes. To this end, we introduce a general framework for the stability analysis of solution strategies and provide an easy‐to‐use procedure to find the necessary stability condition. The procedure is tested against decoupled solution strategies for volume‐ and surface‐coupled problems, namely, thermoelastodynamics, porous media dynamics, and fluid– and structure–structure interaction. In this context, the influence of explicit and implicit predictors and the sequence of the time integration on the stability condition is carefully examined. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transfer of functional memory devices to any substrate
Authors: Choi Ji‐Min , Kim Moon‐Seok , Seol Myeong‐Lok , Choi Yang‐Kyu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractElectronic devices on unconventional substrates are attractive beyond the conventional solid‐state rigid electronic system or even flexible electronics. Here, by use of the transfer printing technique, we report the memory devices onto a range of unconventional substrates, including paper, an insect (cicada), glass, polyethersulphone, polyimide, double‐sided tape, Al foil, fabric, a mask, a leather wallet, a name card, a banknote, a latex glove, and a squeezed plastic bottle. The device can be possibly realized on any substrate. The memory structure used in this work is non‐volatile resistive random access memory (RRAM). Constraints imposed by process compatibility between the substrates and device materials are completely eliminated by the use of the transfer printing techniques. It is confirmed that the electrical characteristics of the RRAM devices do not degrade during the transfer process. Stable resistive switching properties, reliable endurance levels, and good retention characteristics are demonstrated. The mechanical stability is also analysed and an encapsulation protection layer on top of the memory devices is suggested for long‐term reliability. The possibility of the realization of integrated electronic systems onto various substrates will enable the versatile use of these electronics anywhere and anytime in many different environments.magnified image(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Basic study of a ship navigator's mental workload using salivary NO\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$_{3}^{-}$ \end{document}
Authors: Kitamura Kenichi , Murai Koji , Wakida Shin‐ichi , Miyado Takashi , Fukushi Keiichi , Hayashi Yuji 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEvaluation of the mental workload during training for ship handling has usually depended on professionals (captain, pilot) who have lots of experience on board. We are attempting to evaluate a ship navigator's mental workload based on a physiological index. The physiological indices, namely heart rate variability (R–R interval), nasal temperature, and salivary amylase, are good indices for reading the mental workload during ship handling. Moreover, we find the possibility of using salivary NO\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$_{3}^{-}$ \end{document} as a good index for evaluating the ship navigator's mental workload. Salivary NO\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$_{3}^{-}$ \end{document} is expected to have a specific characteristic to represent quick response on the spot and the trend. We confirmed the response of students during simulator training, and then carried out the experiment on professionals on a real ship. We propose that salivary NO\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$_{3}^{-}$\end{document} can show a ship navigator's stress for ship handling in the simulator and on a real ship. This work to evaluate the ship navigator's mental workload using salivary NO\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$_{3}^{-}$\end{document} is the first attempt worldwide. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Impact of seasonal variability and monitoring mode on the adequacy of fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing at aquifer‐river interfaces
Authors: Krause Stefan , Blume Theresa 
Published: April 2013

Key Points
FO‐DTS signal strength varies significantly between different seasons
Choice of FO‐DTS monitoring‐mode substantial impacts on survey results
Two‐way single‐ended averaging provides highest accuracy of signal detection
Bilateral Axillo‐Breast Approach Robotic Thyroidectomy for Graves’ Disease: An Initial Experience in a Single Institute
Authors: Kwon Hyungju , Koo Do Hoon , Choi June Young , Kim Eunyoung , Lee Kyu Eun , Youn Yeo‐Kyu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundBilateral axillo‐breast approach (BABA) robotic thyroidectomy has shown excellent cosmetic and surgical outcomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and initial outcome of this procedure in patients with Graves’ disease.MethodsFrom June 2008 to July 2001, a total of 30 patients with Graves’ disease were reviewed retrospectively. Patient demographics, operative indications, and surgical variables, including operative time, blood loss, excised thyroid weight, and complications, were collected and investigated.ResultsThe thyroidectomies were classified as total (n = 21), near‐total (n = 6), or subtotal (n = 3). There were five indications for surgery: concomitant thyroid carcinoma or suspicious nodule (n = 22), recurrence after antithyroid medication (n = 2), local compressive symptoms (n = 1), patient’s preference (n = 4), and side effects of antithyroid medication (n = 1). The mean operative time, console time, blood loss, and excised thyroid weight were 190 min (range: 105–298 min), 113 min (range: 60–227 min), 229 mL (range: 50–550 mL), and 36.6 g (range: 7.8–123.0 g), respectively. There were no cases of postoperative bleeding or conversions to open surgery. Postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism and vocal cord palsy occurred in 13 (43.3 %) and 4 (13.3 %) cases. Permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 1 (3.3 %) case. All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcomes.ConclusionsBABA robotic thyroidectomy is a feasible and safe treatment for Graves’ disease. It is recommended as an alternative for patients who are concerned by the cosmetic effects of traditional thyroidectomy.
Primary bile acids as potential biomarkers for the clinical grading of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Chen Jianbo , Deng Wenping , Wang Junwei , Shao Yong , Ou Minglin , Ding Min 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify possible biomarkers for the clinical grading of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) through serum bile acid (SBA) profiling in women with ICP.MethodsSerum samples were collected in the last trimester of pregnancy from 33 women with severe ICP, 28 women with mild ICP, and 35 women with a normal pregnancy. The SBA levels were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsPatients with severe ICP had significantly higher serum levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid (GCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), and glycochenodeoxycholic acid than women with mild ICP or a normal pregnancy. Primary bile acid species, in particular TCA and GCA, were the main bile acids detected and their levels were significantly higher in the severe ICP group than in the other 2 groups.ConclusionThere is an obvious difference in the SBA profiles of women with severe ICP and those with mild ICP, indicating that primary bile acids may be useful biomarkers for the clinical grading of ICP. Implementation of primary bile acid testing in clinical practice may help clinicians to determine the appropriate management strategy for patients with ICP.
A multicenter comparative study of UCu200, TCu380A, and medicated γ‐IUD devices inserted immediately after vacuum aspiration
Authors: Hu Xiaopu , Li Li , Zou Yan , Wu Shangchun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare safety and efficacy among 3 types of intrauterine device (IUD), namely UCu200, TCu380A, and medicated γ‐IUD, when inserted after vacuum aspiration.MethodsIn a multicenter randomized comparative study, 1800 parous women requesting an IUD were enrolled in 12 centers across China in 2004–2005. The women received 1 of the 3 types of IUD and were followed‐up for 12 months.ResultsAmong the participants, 596 received the UCu200, 591 received the TCu380A, and 594 received the medicated γ‐IUD. No pregnancy occurred during the follow‐up period. The expulsion rate was 4.13 per 100 women (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83–5.75) for the UCu200, 5.16 (95% CI, 0.92–6.96) for the TCu380A, and 2.73 (95% CI, 0.67–4.05) for the medicated γ‐IUD. The rate of medical removal of the UCu200, TCu380A, and medicated γ‐IUD was 3.60 (95% CI, 0.77–5.11), 2.25 (95% CI, 0.62–3.46), and 1.02 (95% CI, 0.41–1.83), respectively.ConclusionImmediate insertion of the device after vacuum aspiration was found to be safe and effective for all 3 types of IUD. Compared with the other IUDs, the medicated γ‐IUD had a lower rate of medical removal and might be the most appropriate for broad use.www.chictr.org: ChiCTR‐TRC‐12002395
The British Decision to Upgrade Polaris, 1970–4
Authors: PARR HELEN 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article adopts a political approach to examine the reasons why Edward Heath's government wanted to upgrade Polaris and the reasons why they did so by way of a programme called Super Antelope, to improve the front-ends of the missiles against Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile defence, as opposed to the alternatives on offer. It argues that the political contexts within which Heath took the decision have been insufficiently understood, and shows that the acceptance of the ‘Moscow criterion’ – the understanding that Britain had to have the capability to destroy Moscow – by central government represented continuity in Britain's cold war stance.
Role of Nucleation-Promoting Factors in Mouse Early Embryo Development
Authors: Wang Qiao-Chu , Liu Jun , Wang Fei , Duan Xing , Dai Xiao-Xin , Wang Teng , Liu Hong-Lin , Cui Xiang-Shun , Sun Shao-Chen , Kim Nam-Hyung 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDuring mitosis nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) bind to the Arp2/3 complex and activate actin assembly. JMY and WAVE2 are two critical members of the NPFs. Previous studies have demonstrated that NPFs promote multiple processes such as cell migration and cytokinesis. However, the role of NPFs in development of mammalian embryos is still unknown. Results of the present study show that the NPFs JMY and WAVE2 are critical for cytokinesis during development of mouse embryos. Both JMY and WAVE2 are expressed in mouse embryos. After injection of JMY or WAVE2 siRNA, all embryos failed to develop to the morula or blastocyst stages. Moreover, using fluorescence intensity analysis, we found that the expression of actin decreased, and multiple nuclei were observed within a single cell indicating that NPFs-induced actin reduction caused the failure of cell division. In addition, injection of JMY and WAVE2 siRNA also caused ARP2 degradation, indicating that involvement of NPFs in development of mouse embryos is mainly through regulation of ARP2/3-induced actin assembly. Taken together, these data suggested that WAVE2 and JMY are involved in development of mouse embryos, and their regulation may be through a NPFs-Arp2/3-actin pathway.
Differential freshwater flagellate community response to bacterial food quality with a focus on Limnohabitans bacteria
Authors: Šimek Karel , Kasalický Vojtěch , Jezbera Jan , Horňák Karel , Nedoma Jiří , Hahn Martin W , Bass David , Jost Steffen , Boenigk Jens 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Different bacterial strains can have different value as food for heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF), thus modulating HNF growth and community composition. We examined the influence of prey food quality using four Limnohabitans strains, one Polynucleobacter strain and one freshwater actinobacterial strain on growth (growth rate, length of lag phase and growth efficiency) and community composition of a natural HNF community from a freshwater reservoir. Pyrosequencing of eukaryotic small subunit rRNA amplicons was used to assess time-course changes in HNF community composition. All four Limnohabitans strains and the Polynucleobacter strain yielded significant HNF community growth while the actinobacterial strain did not although it was detected in HNF food vacuoles. Notably, even within the Limnohabitans strains we found significant prey-related differences in HNF growth parameters, which could not be related only to size of the bacterial prey. Sequence data characterizing the HNF communities showed also that different bacterial prey items induced highly significant differences in community composition of flagellates. Generally, Stramenopiles dominated the communities and phylotypes closely related to Pedospumella (Chrysophyceae) were most abundant bacterivorous flagellates rapidly reacting to addition of the bacterial prey of high food quality.