bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The moderating role of consumer personality and source credibility in celebrity endorsements
Authors: Roy Subhadip , Jain Varsha , Rana Pragati 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe aim of the present study is to investigate the comparative effect of sports vs film celebrity with the moderating effect (if any) of the celebrity credibility and consumer personality on consumer attitudes.Design/methodology/approachThe present study uses a 3×1 experimental design (celebrity being the independent variable), on a combined sample of 463 respondents to investigate their attitudes towards celebrity endorsement, moderated by their personality traits and source credibility.FindingsMajor findings indicate a film celebrity to create more positive consumer attitudes than a sports celebrity. The components Agreeableness, Openness and partially, Conscientiousness were important moderators of consumers' attitudes out of the Big Five Personality dimensions. All dimensions of source credibility were found to have significant moderating effects on consumer attitudes.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to the Indian context, but has theoretical implications in terms of testing a new relationship affecting the success/failure of celebrity endorsements.Practical implicationsFor a practitioner, the study findings suggest that the marketers should aim at matching the personality traits of the target audience when opting for a celebrity endorsement and also select a celebrity with a high perceived credibility.Originality/valueThe study proposed and tested a new theoretical framework, thereby contradicting the traditional notion of source credibility of a celebrity endorser as an independent variable affecting consumer attitudes. It also has included the effect of consumer personality which is a new contribution to literature.
Use of the Mental Capacity Act with children and young people with intellectual disability
Authors: Gratton Suzannah 
Published: March 2013

PurposeA review of the literature regarding the use of the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) of 2005 with young people with intellectual disability indicated an absence of publications on this topic, yet clinical practice suggests that services are grappling with complex issues in this area. This article aims to focus on the principles of the MCA and to explore its application to young people with intellectual disabilities.Design/methodology/approachThe key principles of the MCA are reviewed and its application to young people with intellectual disability are explored through case studies.FindingsThe MCA is applicable to 16‐18 year olds with intellectual disability and services require training and support in its implementation. Issues of adaptation of communication to convey complex matters and appropriate preparation for assessment are especially pertinent.Originality/valueThe article explores the application and relevance of the MCA to young people with intellectual disability in clinical practice.
Adiponectin levels in patients with psoriasis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Kun‐Ju , Shi Ge , Zhang Chi , Li Ming , Zhu Cheng‐Yao , Fan Yi‐Ming 
Published: March 2013

AbstractConflicting results regarding adiponectin levels in patients with psoriasis have been reported. We carried out a meta‐analysis on studies which compared adiponectin levels of psoriatic patients with controls. A published work search was performed through PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for articles published in English. Pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by using random effects and fixed effect models. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. A total of nine studies were enrolled (389 cases and 360 controls) for adiponectin, and three studies were included (132 cases and 132 controls) for high‐molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin. Adiponectin and HMW adiponectin levels were not significantly different in patients with psoriasis compared with controls (SMD, −0.151 [95% CI, −0.616 to 0.315]; P = 0.526 for adiponectin; SMD, 0.999 [95% CI, −2.626 to 4.624]; P = 0.589 for HMW adiponectin). The associations were borderline significantly different in the stratum of those with a mean age of less than 40 years (SMD, −0.516 [95% CI: −1.032 to 0]; P = 0.050). Sensitivity analyses were not substantially altered in the direction of effect when any one study was excluded. No publication bias was detected. The level of adiponectin and HMW adiponectin may not be associated with psoriasis. The relationship between psoriasis and adipokines needs more in‐depth studies with larger sample sizes.
Refining thresholds in coupled fire–vegetation models to improve management of encroaching woody plants in grasslands
Authors: Twidwell Dirac , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Taylor Charles A. , Rogers William E. 
Published: March 2013

Summary
Restoration priorities are typically established without quantitative information on how to overcome the thresholds that preclude successful restoration of desirable ecosystem properties and services. We seek to demonstrate that quantifying ecological thresholds and incorporating them into management‐oriented frameworks provide a more comprehensive perspective on how the threshold concept can be applied to achieve restoration goals.
As an example, restoration actions have been largely unsuccessful when based on prevailing ecological knowledge of fire‐based thresholds in nonresprouting Juniperus woodland. We build on previous threshold‐based research and link well‐established models from applied fire physics with a widely applied ecological positive feedback model of woody plant encroachment to introduce a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism influencing fire intensity and juniper mortality.
Our coupling of physical and ecological fire models revealed a critical knowledge gap, a lack of a quantitative estimate on the critical surface fire intensity required to cause mortality of Juniperus ashei trees, which limits the linking of scientific knowledge from these two disciplines.
To quantify the relationship between fire intensity and J. ashei mortality, we input data from a previous experiment into Byram's fireline intensity model. This critical surface fire intensity–mortality threshold was estimated to be Is > 160 kJ m−1 s−1. This value establishes a specific threshold that managers should target when attempting to use restoration to collapse J. ashei woodlands.
Synthesis and applications. For scientific information associated with the threshold concept to be useful to practitioners, specific information is needed that demonstrates how to use restoration activities to overcome thresholds and collapse the current, degraded state in favour of a more desired ecological state. With this in mind, we present a broadly applicable decision support model within a state and transition framework that identifies the ecological states where the surface fire intensity–mortality threshold is most likely to meet restoration objectives and provides examples of how fuel properties that drive fire intensity should be targeted in restoration to surpass this threshold.
Linking isoprenoidal GDGT membrane lipid distributions with gene abundances of ammonia‐oxidizing Thaumarchaeota and uncultured crenarchaeotal groups in the water column of a tropical lake (Lake Challa, East Africa)
Authors: Buckles Laura K. , Villanueva Laura , Weijers Johan W. H. , Verschuren Dirk , Damsté Jaap S. Sinninghe 
Published: March 2013

SummaryStratified lakes are important reservoirs of microbial diversity and provide habitats for niche differentiation of Archaea. In this study, we used a lipid biomarker/DNA‐based approach to reveal the diversity and abundance of Archaea in the water column of Lake Challa (East Africa). Concentrations of intact polar lipid (IPL) crenarchaeol, a specific biomarker of Thaumarchaeota, were enhanced (1 ng l−1) at the oxycline/nitrocline. The predominance of the more labile IPL hexose‐phosphohexose crenarchaeol indicated the presence of an actively living community of Thaumarchaeota. Archaeal 16S rRNA clone libraries revealed the presence of thaumarchaeotal groups 1.1a and 1.1b at and above the oxycline. In the anoxic deep water, amoA gene abundance was an order of magnitude lower than at the oxycline and high abundance (∼ 90 ng l−1) of an IPL with the acyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT‐0) was evident. The predominance of archaeal 16S rRNA sequences affiliated to the uncultured crenarchaeota groups 1.2 and miscellaneous crenarchaeotic group (MCG) points to an origin of GDGT‐0 from uncultured crenarchaeota. This study demonstrates the importance of thermal stratification and nutrient availability in the distribution of archaeal groups in lakes, which is relevant to constrain and validate temperature proxies based on archaeal GDGTs (i.e. TEX86).
Why ‘class’ is too soft a category to capture the explosiveness of social inequality at the beginning of the twenty‐first century
Authors: Beck Ulrich 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe can distinguish four positions on the continuing, or maybe even increasing, relevance of the category of class at the beginning of the twenty‐first century depending on the extent to which they accord central importance to (1) the reproduction or (2) the transformation of social classes with regard to (3) the distribution of goods without bads or (4) the distribution of goods and bads. One could say that Dean Curran introduces the concept of ‘risk‐class’ to radicalize the class distribution of risk and charts who will able to occupy areas less exposed to risk and who will have little choice but to occupy areas that are exposed to the brunt of the fact of the risk society. As he mentioned it is important to note that this social structuring of the distribution of bads will be affected not only by class, but also by other forms of social structuration of disadvantage, such as gender and race. In order to demonstrate that the distribution of bads is currently exacerbating class differences in life chances, however, Curran concentrates exclusively on phenomena of individual risks. In the process, he overlooks the problem of systemic risks in relation of the state, science, new corporate roles, management the mass media, law, mobile capital and social movements; at the same time, his conceptual frame of reference does not really thematize the interdependence between individual and systemic risks. Those who reduce the problematic of risk to that of the life chances of individuals are unable to grasp the conflicting social and political logics of risk and class conflicts. Or, to put it pointedly: ‘class’ is too soft a category to capture the explosiveness of social inequality in world risk society.
Why do nations matter? The struggle for belonging and security in an uncertain world
Authors: Skey Michael 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper explores the reasons why national forms of identification and organization (might) matter in the contemporary era. In contrast to the majority of macro‐sociological work dealing with this topic, I develop an analytical framework that draws together recent research on everyday nationalism with micro‐sociological and psychological studies pointing to the importance of routine practices, institutional arrangements and symbolic systems in contributing to a relatively settled sense of identity, place and community. The second part of the paper focuses on the hierarchies of belonging that operate within a given national setting. Of particular interest is the largely taken‐for‐granted status of the ethnic majority and the degree to which it underpins claims to belonging and entitlement that are used to secure key allocative and authoritative resources.
Framing the Other: cosmopolitanism and the representation of difference in overseas gap year narratives
Authors: Snee Helene 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper engages with debates surrounding contemporary cosmopolitanism and the outcomes of cultural encounters. It considers if overseas gap years, often put forward in the UK as a way of becoming a global citizen, enable young Britons to ‘broaden their mind’. I explore representations of the people and places encountered during these periods of time out through an analysis of young people's travel blogs. Four key themes are highlighted in these narratives: the exotic place; feeling ‘out of place’; the importance and outcomes of local interaction; and the historical legacies that are implicated in constructing places as ‘different’. Gappers display a willingness to interact with and gain knowledge about their host communities. Yet as gap years are designed to be distinct from the normal course of things, they also demonstrate the ‘difference’ of places. This can often result in the reproduction of established ways of representing the Other in order to frame them as meaningful. There is a tension in the narratives between ‘globally reflexive’ and ‘globally reproductive’ representations of difference, and I suggest that we might question the development of cosmopolitan attitudes and competencies through undertaking a gap year.
Anomalous Anterior Papillary Muscle as an Autopsy Finding in Two Cases
Authors: Strajina Veljko , Živković Vladimir , Nikolić Slobodan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAnomaly in the anterior papillary muscle (APM) is known to cause left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, and this rare congenital condition could be a cause of sudden cardiac death. This anomaly and its hemodynamic effects is similar to valvular heart disease. In our two described cases, in which cause of death was, respectively, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and suicide by hanging, the cephalad portion of the left APM was inserted directly into the ventricular surface of the anterior mitral leaflet and chordae tendineae were absent in the area of the direct anomalous muscle insertion; the aberrant papillary muscle was very large and showed an exaggerated anterior displacement within the left ventricular cavity. The described anomaly is a cause of LVOT obstruction. This condition is considered to be rare, although incidence estimates do not exist. In the absence of other possible causes, this finding may indicate arrhythmia as being the immediate cause of death.
The Effects of Continuous Application of the TASER X26 Waveform on Sus scrofa,
Authors: Jenkins David M. , Murray W. Bosseau , Kennett Mary J. , Hughes Edward L. , Werner Jacob R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study investigated and evaluated the safety margins of the continuous long duration (up to 30 min) effect of the TASER X26 waveform, using a Sus scrofa model. Long duration continuous stimulus has not been evaluated on humans or human surrogates prior to this study. Swine were used as models due to similarities with humans in their skin and cardiovascular systems. Very long duration was used to determine both exposure dose and possible adverse physiological effects of dose. The trial began with an application of 10 min, and subsequent animals received increasing exposure time up to a survived maximum duration of 30 min. At the onset of this work, it was hypothesized that there would be a time limit after which most animals would not survive consistent with increased dose response. However, this hypothesis was not supported by the experimental results. All animals (10 of 10) survived up to 3 min. Seven of the 10 animals survived up to a 10‐min exposure and 3 of 5 animals with a 30‐min target exposure survived the full exposure. Surviving animals were recovered and observed for 24 h, with no postrecovery deaths. This suggests that swine (based on physiology) will not experience a fatal event when exposed to the TASER X26 for a continuous 3 min. Conclusions regarding longer duration (10–30 min) are not as certain due to the small sample sizes at these time intervals.
Analysis and Discrimination of Single‐Layer White Architectural Paint Samples,
Authors: Wright Diana M. , Bradley Maureen J. , Mehltretter Andria Hobbs 
Published: March 2013

AbstractComparative analyses of 50 single‐layer white architectural paints were conducted to determine the discrimination power using standard techniques and to provide a basis for assessing significance when paints with limited features are not discriminated. Utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 68 undifferentiated pairs resulted, yielding a discrimination of 94.45%. Adding stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and backscatter electron (BSE) imaging, and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS), the overall discrimination was 99.35%. The study included blind verification replicates, which resulted in the only pairs without indications of physical or chemical differences. The remaining groups of undifferentiated samples contained subtle differences by at least one technique, but were considered undifferentiated for the discrimination power evaluations. This study demonstrates a high degree of discrimination of single‐layer white architectural paints using methods of analysis often encountered in forensic science laboratories.
Lightning Strike as Probable Cause of Death and Determining Identity Based on the Examination of Skeletal Remains
Authors: Hauser Roman , Kaliszan Michał , Basir Aaron , Basir Iwona Dawlidowicz ‐ 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this article,a case of examining an incomplete human skeleton found in a forest is presented. Based on the assessment of posttraumatic lesions in the skull bones, the cause of death of a man who had died 14 years prior to the examination was determined with high probability to be due to a lightning strike. Moreover, the rare pathological lesions within the skeleton, such as a healed fracture of the humerus and rheumatoid malformations within the hand, in reference to preserved medical records, have also allowed to identify the deceased. Most noteworthy points in this case are, however, initially difficult to comprehend, posttraumatic lesions within the bones of the skull such as carbonization and fracture of the vertex. Their origin can be explained by a lightning strike as the most probable cause of death. Thus, the presented case demonstrates probable cause of death and identity can be established many years after death, based on skeletal remains.
Can the RUVIS Reflected UV Imaging System Visualize Fingerprint Corrosion on Brass Cartridge Casings Postfiring?
Authors: Leintz Rachel , Bond John W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractComparisons are made between the visualization of fingerprint corrosion ridge detail on fired brass cartridge casings, where fingerprint sweat was deposited prefiring, using both ultraviolet (UV) and visible (natural daylight) light sources. A reflected ultraviolet imaging system (RUVIS), normally used for visualizing latent fingerprint sweat deposits, is compared with optical interference and digital color mapping of visible light, the latter using apparatus constructed to easily enable selection of the optimum viewing angle. Results show that reflected UV, with a monochromatic UV source of 254 nm, was unable to visualize fingerprint ridge detail on any of 12 casings analyzed, whereas optical interference and digital color mapping using natural daylight yielded ridge detail on three casings. Reasons for the lack of success with RUVIS are discussed in terms of the variation in thickness of the thin film of metal oxide corrosion and absorption wavelengths for the corrosion products of brass.
Expert Interpretation of Bitemark Injuries—A Contemporary Qualitative Study
Authors: Page Mark , Taylor Jane , Blenkin Matt 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study attempts to characterize the nature of disagreement among odontologists in determining the fundamental properties of suspected bitemark injuries. Fifteen odontologists were asked to freely comment on six images of supposed bitemarks. Qualitative analysis using a grounded theory approach revealed that practitioner agreement was at best fair, with wide‐ranging opinions on the origin, circumstance, and characteristics of the wound given for all six images. More experienced practitioners (>10 years) tended to agree with each other less than those who had 10 years or less experience in forensic odontology. The differences in opinions can be at least partly accounted for by the inconsistent nature of approaches used by different practitioners in assessing bitemark evidence. The results of this study indicate that more definitive guidelines as to the assessment of bitemarks as patterned injuries should be developed to ensure the highest possible level of practitioner agreement.
Lifting Bloody Footwear Impressions Using Alginate Casts Followed by Chemical Enhancement
Authors: Wiesner Sarena , Izraeli Elad , Shor Yaron , Domb Avi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA method for lifting bloody footwear impressions using alginate casts and enhancing the lifted impressions with amido black is presented. On rough or dark substrates, background interferences may conceal significant details of footwear impressions. Illumination with alternative light sources and chemically enhancing the bloody footwear impressions may reveal additional details, but sometimes, lifting footwear impressions prior to enhancing is the only way to expose hidden details (by using blood reagents not adequate on the original). Several cast formulations were tested for lifting the footwear impressions. The best results were achieved using Aroma fine®. Enhancement of the footwear impressions was attempted with several reagents prior to lifting, during the casting process, and on the lifted footwear impressions. Applying amido black to footwear impressions lifted with alginate produced the sharpest and most detailed footwear impressions. Alginate castings followed by chemical enhancement with amido black may produce high‐quality footwear impressions for comparison.
Artificial nesting habitats as a conservation strategy for turtle populations experiencing global change
Authors: WNEK John P. , BIEN Walter F. , AVERY Harold W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDiamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) inhabit estuaries in eastern USA and may tolerate salinity of sea‐water for short durations. Many North American estuaries are adversely affected by anthropogenic impacts, such as pollution, dredging and invasion by non‐native plants. Many nesting areas have been altered or destroyed, causing terrapins to nest on roadsides and artificial islands made of dredged substrate from bottom sediments. Shading by non‐native plants may suppress development and reduce survival of embryos. In Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, USA, there is a mosaic of natural and degraded terrapin nesting habitats. We investigated the effects of dredge soil and shade on the hatching success of diamondback terrapins to determine whether nesting habitat could be increased by using dredged bottom sediments. In year 1, unshaded nests in natural loamy‐sand had the highest hatching success (55.2%), while nests in dredge soil produced no hatchlings. In year 2, nests in unshaded loamy‐sand had a hatching success of 85.3%, whereas those in dredge soil, aged 1 year, had a hatching success of 59.4%. Dredge soil improved as an incubation substrate after aging 1 year by the washout of salt. Nest temperatures were generally cool and produced mostly male hatchlings. Uncontaminated dredge soil may provide suitable nesting substrates for diamondback terrapins if used after one year, and may be particularly beneficial if used for constructing islands that provide new nesting sites with reduced access of mammalian predators.