bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes-specific enteral nutrition formula in hyperglycemic, mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a prospective, open-label, blind-randomized, multicenter study
Authors: Mesejo Alfonso , Montejo-González Juan Carlos , Vaquerizo-Alonso Clara , Lobo-Tamer Gabriela , Zabarte-Martinez Mercedes , Herrero-Meseguer Jose Ignacio , Acosta-Escribano Jose , Blesa-Malpica Antonio , Martinez-Lozano Fátima 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Although standard enteral nutrition is universally accepted, the use of disease-specific formulas for hyperglycemic patients is still controversial. This study examines whether a high-protein diabetes-specific formula reduces insulin needs, improves glycemic control and reduces ICU-acquired infection in critically ill, hyperglycemic patients on mechanical ventilation (MV).

Methods
This was a prospective, open-label, randomized (web-based, blinded) study conducted at nine Spanish ICUs. The patient groups established according to the high-protein formula received were: group A, new-generation diabetes-specific formula; group B, standard control formula; group C, control diabetes-specific formula. Inclusion criteria were: expected enteral nutrition ≥5 days, MV, baseline glucose >126 mg/dL on admission or >200 mg/dL in the first 48 h. Exclusion criteria were: APACHE II ≤10, insulin-dependent diabetes, renal or hepatic failure, treatment with corticosteroids, immunosuppressants or lipid-lowering drugs and body mass index ≥40 kg/m2. The targeted glucose level was 110–150 mg/dL. Glycemic variability was calculated as the standard deviation, glycemic lability index and coefficient of variation. Acquired infections were recorded using published consensus criteria for critically ill patients. Data analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis.

Results
Over a 2-year period, 157 patients were consecutively enrolled (A 52, B 53 and C 52). Compared with the standard control formula, the new formula gave rise to lower insulin requirement (19.1 ± 13.1 vs. 23.7 ± 40.1 IU/day, p <0.05), plasma glucose (138.6 ± 39.1 vs. 146.1 ± 49.9 mg/dL, p <0.01) and capillary blood glucose (146.1 ± 45.8 vs. 155.3 ± 63.6 mg/dL, p <0.001). Compared with the control diabetes-specific formula, only capillary glucose levels were significantly reduced (146.1 ± 45.8 vs. 150.1 ± 41.9, p <0.01). Both specific formulas reduced capillary glucose on ICU day 1 (p <0.01), glucose variability in the first week (p <0.05), and incidences of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (p <0.01) or pneumonia (p <0.05) compared with the standard formula. No effects of the nutrition formula were produced on hospital stay or mortality.

Conclusions
In these high-risk ICU patients, both diabetes-specific formulas lowered insulin requirements, improved glycemic control and reduced the risk of acquired infections relative to the standard formula. Compared with the control-specific formula, the new-generation formula also improved capillary glycemia.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT1233726.
Effect of topographical control by a micro-molding process on the activity of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on alumina ceramics
Authors: Kim Soo-Yean , Kang Jong-Ho , Seo Won-Seon , Lee Suk-Won , Oh Nam-Sik , Cho Hyung-Koun , Lee Myung-Hyun 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background
Numerous studies have reported that microgrooves on metal and polymer materials can affect cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and guidance. However, our knowledge of the cell activity associated with microgrooves on ceramics, such as alumina, zirconia, hydroxyapatite and etc, is very incomplete, owing to difficulties in the engraving of microgrooves on the hard surface of the base material. In this study, microgrooves on alumina were fabricated by a casting process using a polydimethylsiloxane micro-mold. The cell responses of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the alumina microgrooves were then evaluated.

Results
Microgrooves on an alumina surface by micro-mold casting can enhance the adhesion, differentiation of osteoblasts as well as gene expression related to osteoblast differentiation. The ALP activity and calcium concentration of the cells on alumina microgrooves were increased by more than twice compared to a non-microgrooved alumina surface. Moreover, regarding the osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs, the expression of ALP, RUNX2, OSX, OC and OPN on the microgrooved alumina were all significantly increased by 1.5 ~ 2.5 fold compared with the non-microgrooved alumina.

Conclusion
Altering the topography on alumina by creating microgrooves using a micro-molding process has an important impact on the behavior of hMSCs, including the adhesion, differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoblast-specific gene expression. The significant increase in hMSC activity is explained by the increasing of material transportation in parallel direction and by the extending of spreading distance in perpendicular direction.
Decreasing methane yield with increasing food intake keeps daily methane emissions constant in two foregut fermenting marsupials, the western grey kangaroo and red kangaroo
Authors: Vendl Catharina , Clauss Marcus , Stewart Mathew , Leggett Keith , Hummel Jürgen , Kreuzer Michael , Munn Adam 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Fundamental differences in methane (CH4) production between macropods (kangaroos) and ruminants have been suggested and linked to differences in the composition of the forestomach microbiome. Using six western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) and four red kangaroos (Macropus rufus), we measured daily absolute CH4 production in vivo as well as CH4 yield (CH4 per unit of intake of dry matter, gross energy or digestible fibre) by open-circuit respirometry. Two food intake levels were tested using a chopped lucerne hay (alfalfa) diet. Body mass-specific absolute CH4 production resembled values previously reported in wallabies and non-ruminant herbivores such as horses, and did not differ with food intake level, although there was no concomitant proportionate decrease in fibre digestibility with higher food intake. In contrast, CH4 yield decreased with increasing intake, and was intermediate between values reported for ruminants and non-ruminant herbivores. These results correspond to those in ruminants and other non-ruminant species where increased intake (and hence a shorter digesta retention in the gut) leads to a lower CH4 yield. We hypothesize that rather than harbouring a fundamentally different microbiome in their foregut, the microbiome of macropods is in a particular metabolic state more tuned towards growth (i.e. biomass production) rather than CH4 production. This is due to the short digesta retention time in macropods and the known distinct ‘digesta washing’ in the gut of macropods, where fluids move faster than particles and hence most likely wash out microbes from the forestomach. Although our data suggest that kangaroos only produce about 27% of the body mass-specific volume of CH4 of ruminants, it remains to be modelled with species-specific growth rates and production conditions whether or not significantly lower CH4 amounts are emitted per kg of meat in kangaroo than in beef or mutton production.
Paclitaxel Nanosuspension from EAK16-II Peptide as a Stabilizer and Its Anticancer Activity
Authors: Dong Yuyang , Zhao Yunxue , Yang Tian , Qian Lei 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A new method of preparing paclitaxel (PTX) nanosuspension with EAK16-II peptide as a stabilizer is reported. It was found that PTX concentration in the resulting nanosuspension was about 20 times that from the PTX aqueous solution. The presence of EAK16-II significantly improved the PTX solubility in water due to the ionic-complementary structure of EAK16-II. Moreover the PTX-EAK nanosuspension exhibited great inhibitory effect on human lung cancer cells due to the high PTX concentration in the nanosuspension.
Candidate Reference Measurement Procedure for the Quantification of Total Serum Cortisol with LC-MS/MS
Authors: Hawley James M , Owen Laura J , MacKenzie Finlay , Mussell Chris , Cowen Simon , Keevil Brian G 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Accurate measurement of serum cortisol is required to diagnose and treat adrenal disorders. Although certified reference materials (CRMs) are available to standardize cortisol measurements, External Quality Assessment (EQA) schemes still demonstrate a wide dispersion of results. We present a serum cortisol candidate reference measurement procedure that, through analysis of a Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine–listed panel of higher-order CRMs, provides metrologically traceable results.

METHOD
Isotope-labeled internal standard was added to samples before supported liquid extraction. Extracts were analyzed with LC-MS/MS in positive electrospray ionization mode. Multiple reaction monitoring was used to detect cortisol and its corresponding internal standard transitions. We measured samples in triplicate over 3 days and calculated the mean result.

RESULTS
Mean intra- and interassay imprecision were 1.3% and 1.5%, respectively, for concentrations of 154, 510, and 769 nmol/L. Ionization efficiency studies and structural analog analysis proved the method to be robust against interferences. Through analysis of 34 CRMs (83–764 nmol/L), expanded measurement uncertainty was calculated to be 5% (95% CI). The mean bias between the measured and target CRM concentrations was statistically insignificant at −0.08%.

CONCLUSIONS
The accuracy and low measurement uncertainty of this method qualify it as a CRM procedure. Metrological traceability has been achieved through the analysis of higher-order CRMs. This method could be used to underpin serum cortisol EQA schemes to provide samples with a traceable target value, enabling participating laboratories to determine the accuracy and measurement uncertainty of their assays.
A portable device for recording evoked potentials, optimized for pattern ERG
Authors: McInturff Stephen P. , Buchser William J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRecording evoked potentials in un-anesthetized animals and people is a powerful technique to non-invasively measure the function of neurons. As such, the primary output neurons of the eye can be assessed by the pattern electroretinogram (PERG). Currently, electro-physiologic setups to perform PERG or related recordings are costly, complicated, and non-portable. Here, we design a simple steady-state PERG system, based off an Arduino board. The amplifier is built on a shield that fits over a microcontroller board, an Arduino, which digitizes the signal and sends it to a computer that presents stimuli then records and analyzes the evoked potentials. We used the device to record PERG accurately with a sensitivity as low as half a microvolt. The device has also been designed to implement other evoked potential recordings. This simple device can be quickly constructed and used for experiments in moving systems. Additionally, this device can be used to expose students in underserved areas to research technology that they would otherwise not have access to.
Analysis of gauged Witten equation
Authors: Tian Gang , Xu Guangbo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe gauged Witten equation was essentially introduced by Witten in his formulation of the gauged linear σ-model (GLSM), which explains the so-called Landau–Ginzburg/Calabi–Yau correspondence. This is the first paper in a series towards a mathematical construction of GLSM, in which we set up a proper framework for studying the gauged Witten equation and its perturbations. We also prove several analytical properties of solutions and moduli spaces of the perturbed gauged Witten equation. We prove that solutions have nice asymptotic behavior on cylindrical ends of the domain. Under a good perturbation scheme, the energies of solutions are shown to be uniformly bounded by a constant depending only on the topological type. We prove that the linearization of the perturbed gauged Witten equation is Fredholm, and we calculate its Fredholm index. Finally, we define a notion of stable solutions and prove a compactness theorem for the moduli space of solutions over a fixed domain curve.
Singular homology theory in the category of soft topological spaces
Authors: Bayramov Sadi , Gündüz (Aras) Cigdem , Mdzinarishvili Leonard 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the category of soft topological spaces, a singular homology group is defined and the homotopic invariance of this group is proved [Internat. J. Engrg. Innovative Tech. (IJEIT) 3 (2013), no. 2, 292–299]. The first aim of this study is to define relative homology groups in the category of pairs of soft topological spaces. For these groups it is proved that the axioms of dimensional and exactness homological sequences hold true. The axiom of excision for singular homology groups is also proved.
Algorithmic problems for class-2 nilpotents MR-groups
Authors: Amaglobeli Mikheil , Remeslennikov Vladimir 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the basic algorithmic problems for class-2 nilpotent MR-groups. It is proved that, under an additional assumption of finite definiteness, all these problems have a positive solution and, in the general case, they have a negative solution for finitely generating groups.
Comparison of CFD Simulation and Simplified Modeling of a Fluidized Bed CO2 Capture Reactor
Authors: Liu Daoyin , Zhang Zhonglin , Zhuang Yaming , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
CO2 capture using solid sorbents in fluidized bed reactors is a promising technology. The multiphase CFD model is increasingly developed to study the reactors, but it is difficult to model all the realistic details and it requires significant computational time. In this study, both the multiphase CFD model (i.e., CFD-DEM model coupled with reaction) and the simplified reactor models (i.e., plug flow model and bubbling two-phase model) are developed for modeling a fluidized bed CO2 capture reactor. The comparisons are made at different gas velocities from fixed bed to fluidized bed. The DEM based model reveals a detailed view of CO2 adsorption process with particle flow dynamics, based on which the assumptions in the simplified models can be evaluated. The plug flow model predictions generally show similar trends to the DEM model but there are quantitative differences; thus, it can be used to determine the reactor performance limit. The bubbling two-phase model gives better predictions than the plug flow model because the effect of bubbles on the inter-phase mass transfer and reaction is included. In the future, a closer combination of the multiphase CFD simulation and the simplified reactor models will likely be an efficient design method of CO2 capture fluidized bed reactors.
Approximation of common fixed points of left Bregman strongly nonexpansive mappings and solutions of equilibrium problems
Authors: Shehu Yekini , Ogbuisi Ferdinard U. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this paper we propose an iterative algorithm based on the hybrid method in mathematical programming for approximating a common fixed point of an infinite family of left Bregman strongly nonexpansive mappings which also solves a finite system of equilibrium problems in a reflexive real Banach space. We further prove that our iterative sequence converges strongly to a common fixed point of an infinite family of left Bregman strongly nonexpansive mappings which is also a common solution to a finite system of equilibrium problems. Our result extends many recent and important results in the literature.
Averaging of a nonlinear bipolar model
with phase transition and oscillating external forces
Authors: Tachim Medjo Theodore 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this article, we consider a non-autonomous nonlinear bipolar with
phase transition in a two-dimensional bounded domain. We assume that
the external force is singularly oscillating and depends on a small
parameter ϵ. We prove the existence of the uniform global
attractor 𝒜ϵ. Furthermore, using the method of
[Nonlinearity 22 (2009), no. 2, 351–370] in the case of the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes
systems, we study the convergence of 𝒜ϵ as ϵ goes
to zero.
On the genericity of Whitehead minimality
Authors: Bassino Frédérique , Nicaud Cyril , Weil Pascal 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We show that a finitely generated subgroup of a free group, chosen uniformly at random, is strictly Whitehead minimal with overwhelming probability. Whitehead minimality is one of the key elements of the solution of the orbit problem in free groups. The proofs strongly rely on combinatorial tools, notably those of analytic combinatorics. The result we prove actually depends implicitly on the choice of a distribution on finitely generated subgroups, and we establish it for the two distributions which appear in the literature on random subgroups.
An Ontology-based Approach for Knowledge Integration in Product Collaborative Development
Authors: Yu Guodong , Yang Yu , Qingsong Xing 
Published: November 2015

AbstractKnowledge integrated model (KIM) is regarded as an effective and critical way to enhance efficiency of product collaborative development (PCD). However, it is much knotty to establish a unified description rule as there exists diverse and heterogeneous designer knowledge. In this paper, an approach based on ontology for KIM is proposed to straightforwardly descript heterogeneous knowledge and achieve a matching of knowledge and design mission objectives easily. First, a KIM of PCD is presented in accordance with the characteristics of product design activities. Hereafter, a knowledge transformation method based on “problem domain – functional domain” model is developed to accurately reflect customer expectations for new products, wherein, knowledge ontology tree including “customer creativity, emotional knowledge, customer needs, and basic knowledge” is constructed to standardize customer needs. Then, a knowledge matching function (KMF) and a Backus–Naur form (BNF) are introduced to measure similarity of request and candidate. Thereafter, a service engine (SE) including KMF and BNF is generated by the knowledge integrated system (KIS). Finally, simulations and experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and models.
Uptake of uranium, thorium and radium isotopes by plants growing in dam impoundment Tasotkel and the Lower Shu region (Kazakhstan)
Authors: Matveyeva Ilona , Jaćimović Radojko , Planinšek Petra , Smodiš Borut , Burkitbayev Mukhambetkali 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The activity concentrations of isotopes of uranium, thorium and radium-226 in dominant species of plants (Xantium strumarium,
Phragmites communis, Artemisia nitrosa and Artemisia serotina) growing on the territories contaminated by
uranium industry of Kazakhstan (close to dam impoundment Tasotkel and the Lower Shu region) are presented. The obtained data showed the
significant variations of activity concentrations of isotopes of uranium, thorium and radium-226 in above ground parts. The
concentrations of most of the investigated radionuclides in the root system are higher than in the aboveground parts; it can be
explained by root barrier. It was found that the highest root barrier has Xantium strumarium, especially for uranium
isotopes. The concentration ratios of radionuclides were calculated, and as the result it was found that the highest accumulation
ability in the investigated region has Artemisia serotina.
Rogue-Wave Interaction of a Nonlinear Schrödinger Model for the Alpha Helical Protein
Authors: Jia Hui-Xian , Liu Yu-Jun , Wang Ya-Ning 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this article, we investigate a fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which governs the Davydov solitons in the alpha helical protein with higher-order effects. By virtue of the generalised Darboux transformation, higher-order rogue-wave solutions are derived. Propagation and interaction of the rogue waves are analysed: (i) Coefficients affect the existence time of the first-order rogue waves; (ii) coefficients affect the interaction time of the second- and third-order rogue waves; (iii) direction of the rogue-wave propagation remain unchanged after interaction.
Sharp Wave Ripples during Visual Exploration in the Primate Hippocampus
Authors: Leonard Timothy K. , Mikkila Jonathan M. , Eskandar Emad N. , Gerrard Jason L. , Kaping Daniel , Patel Shaun R. , Womelsdorf Thilo , Hoffman Kari L. 
Published: November 2015

Hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are highly synchronous oscillatory field potentials that are thought to facilitate memory consolidation. SWRs typically occur during quiescent states, when neural activity reflecting recent experience is replayed. In rodents, SWRs also occur during brief locomotor pauses in maze exploration, where they appear to support learning during experience. In this study, we detected SWRs that occurred during quiescent states, but also during goal-directed visual exploration in nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta). The exploratory SWRs showed peak frequency bands similar to those of quiescent SWRs, and both types were inhibited at the onset of their respective behavioral epochs. In apparent contrast to rodent SWRs, these exploratory SWRs occurred during active periods of exploration, e.g., while animals searched for a target object in a scene. SWRs were associated with smaller saccades and longer fixations. Also, when they coincided with target-object fixations during search, detection was more likely than when these events were decoupled. Although we observed high gamma-band field potentials of similar frequency to SWRs, only the SWRs accompanied greater spiking synchrony in neural populations. These results reveal that SWRs are not limited to off-line states as conventionally defined; rather, they occur during active and informative performance windows. The exploratory SWR in primates is an infrequent occurrence associated with active, attentive performance, which may indicate a new, extended role of SWRs during exploration in primates.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are high-frequency oscillations that generate highly synchronized activity in neural populations. Their prevalence in sleep and quiet wakefulness, and the memory deficits that result from their interruption, suggest that SWRs contribute to memory consolidation during rest. Here, we report that SWRs from the monkey hippocampus occur not only during behavioral inactivity but also during successful visual exploration. SWRs were associated with attentive, focal search and appeared to enhance perception of locations viewed around the time of their occurrence. SWRs occurring in rest are noteworthy for their relation to heightened neural population activity, temporally precise and widespread synchronization, and memory consolidation; therefore, the SWRs reported here may have a similar effect on neural populations, even as experiences unfold.