bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A revisit of high collision energy effects on collision‐induced dissociation spectra using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐LIFT‐TOF/TOF): application to the sequencing of RNA/DNA chimeras
Authors: Mauger Florence , Tabet Jean‐Claude , Gut Ivo G. 
Published: May 2014

RATIONALEHigh‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) spectra of isomeric RNA/DNA chimeras using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight LIFT mass spectrometry (MALDI‐LIFT‐TOF/TOF) can potentially be applied for an exhaustive fragment characterization in a nucleic acid sequencing scheme. These chimeras contain deoxynucleotides and at the 3'‐end a ribonucleotide with a 3'‐phosphate group.METHODSDeprotonated RNA/DNA chimeras of 4‐, 5‐, 7‐ and 10‐mers are analyzed by CID. This enhances consecutive dissociations from both the precursor and prompt product anions generated by MALDI and metastable fragmentations prior to entering the LIFT cell.RESULTSGas‐phase fragmentations of 4‐ and 5‐mers produced many fragment ions, from base release prior to consecutive cleavage of the nucleotide phosphate bond linkage phosphate. The unusual a4− product ion is a specific and diagnostic dissociation of the 4‐mer if the ribonucleotide contains cytosine. As the size of RNA/DNA chimeras increase, several abundant product ions are generated mainly from zwitterionic forms (deprotonated phosphate ester and protonated base sites): [(M‐H)–BiH]−, [ai–BiH]−, wj−, [wj, (ai‐BiH)]− (if Bi ≠ T) as internal product ion, and more rarely [wj–BiH]−. The absence of the majority of the [ai–BiH]− series although the wj− series suggested that the higher critical energy processes with a loose transition state are favored yielding the wj− series. A large number of abundant fragment ions are detected which enable each isomer to be sequenced.CONCLUSIONSThis sequencing method is high‐throughput, accurate and could be used to sequence isomers of up to 10‐mers and also oligonucleotides of unknown sequence. However, RNA/DNA chimeras without thymine must be sufficiently concentrated to reach desorption of deprotonated molecular species to be selected in LIFT to produce all fragment ions within measurable abundances. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive gas chromatography–electron ionisation mass spectrometric analysis of fatty acids and sterols using sequential one‐pot silylation: quantification and isotopologue analysis
Authors: Kloos Dick‐Paul , Gay Emmanuel , Lingeman Henk , Bracher Franz , Müller Christoph , Mayboroda Oleg A , Deelder André M , Niessen Wilfried M A , Giera Martin 
Published: May 2014

RATIONALEFatty acids and sterol lipids play crucial roles in several biological processes and several biological facts underline the interconnection between these lipid classes. Therefore, it is of interest to develop a comprehensive method analysing both classes in the form of their most favourable derivatives suitable for quantification and isotopologue analysis.METHODSLipids were derivatised by a sequential one‐pot procedure using N‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐N‐methyltrifluoroacetamide (MtBSTFA) and N,O‐bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). No clean‐up or concentration steps were necessary. The prepared samples were directly available for gas chromatography–electron ionisation mass spectrometric (GC–EI‐MS) analysis on a standard column. For quantification, the SIM mode was used and for isotopologue analysis scheduled scan mode was applied.RESULTSDevelopment of a sequential one‐pot derivatisation for GC–EI‐MS allowing comprehensive analysis of fatty acids and sterols as their most favourable derivatives. Validation carried out using human plasma, comparison with certified NIST plasma. LLOQ of usually 3.3 ng/mL achieved. Isotopologue analysis of 2‐[13C]‐acetate incorporation in HL‐60 cells proving feasibility of method.CONCLUSIONSThe presented method successfully combines two consecutive silylation reactions in one pot, enabling the analysis of both fatty acids and sterols in a comprehensive analytical method. The method has great potential for the quantification of lipids as well as the comprehensive study of both biochemical pathways, using [13C]‐flux analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extraordinary Transformations to Achieve the Synthesis of Remarkable Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Bodwell Graham J. 
Published: May 2014

Note from the Editor:When we walk around a sculpture, it can speak to us in many ways, sometimes quite differently from various view points. Central to Tetsuo Nozoe and the Nozoe Autograph Book project are novel aromatic compounds. Just look at nearly any page and such compounds jump out at us. We can categorize them in many ways. Their structures. Their physical properties. Their pharmacological and toxicological properties. Their commercial utilities. Their symmetry. Their size. In this essay, Graham Bodwell brings to us his analysis of the various ways in which some of the most remarkable of these compounds have been ingeniously synthesized. We are privileged to have Bodwell's vision and his sense of organization and beauty. Tetsuo Nozoe would have beamed!—Jeffrey I. SeemanGuest EditorUniversity of RichmondRichmond, Virginia 23173, USAE‐mail: jseeman@richmond.edu
Mini-Open versus Extended open Release for Severe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Murthy Praveen G. , Goljan Peter , Mendez Gregory , Jacoby Sidney M. , Shin Eon K. , Osterman Arthur Lee 
Published: May 2014

Background This study aims to compare surgical outcomes of severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) treated with mini-incision versus extensile release. Methods The method employed in this study was a retrospective review of patients with severe CTS, defined by electrophysiologic studies showing non-recordable distal sensory latency of the median nerve. Patients underwent either a mini-incision (2 cm) release of the transverse carpal ligament (group 1) or extensile release proximal to the wrist flexion crease (group 2). Exclusion criteria included prior carpal tunnel release, use of muscle flap, multiple concurrent procedures, or a prior diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy. Group 1 included 70 wrists (40 females, 30 males). Group 2 included 64 wrists (35 females, 29 males). Reported outcomes included pre- and post-operative grip strength as well as Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaires (BCTQ). Results Patients in group 1 had a 22.6 % increase in grip strength postoperatively (4.5 months±5.0), while patients in group 2 had a 59.3 % increase (10.0 months±6.9). BCTQ surveys from group 1 ( n=46) demonstrated a symptom severity score of 12.93 and functional status score of 9.39 at an average follow-up of 41.9±10.6 months. Group 2 ( n=42) surveys demonstrated averages of 12.88 and 9.10 at 43.1± 11.6 months. One patient in the mini-incision cohort required revision surgery after 2 years, while no patient in the extended release cohort underwent revision. Conclusion No significant differences between the two procedures with regard to patient-rated symptom severity or functional status outcomes were found. Both techniques were demonstrated to be effective treatment options for severe CTS.
Enrichment of Refined Olive Oil with Palmitic and Docosahexaenoic Acids to Produce a Human Milk Fat Analogue
Authors: Li Ruoyu , Pande Garima , Sabir Jamal S. M. , Baeshen Nabih A. , Akoh Casimir C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRefined olive oil was enriched with palmitic acid (PA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) via lipase‐catalyzed acidolysis reaction using Novozym 435 in hexane. The enrichment reaction was optimized by response surface methodology. Three independent variables, reaction time (12, 18, and 24 h), temperature (55, 60, and 65 °C), and substrate molar ratio (refined olive oil:DHA single cell oil free fatty acid:PA 1:1:6, 1:1:9, and 1:1:12) and three responses, total PA and DHA incorporation, and PA content at the sn‐2 position were investigated. Results showed that PA was incorporated into the triacylglycerols(TAGs) of refined olive oil at up to 55.79 mol % while incorporation of PA at the sn‐2 position and total DHA were found to be up to 33.63 and 3.54 mol %, respectively. Second‐order models were generated for each of the three responses. A Chi‐square test verified that the predicted values from the models were not significantly different from the observed ones. The prediction power of the models was further confirmed by a solvent‐free scale‐up reaction. The produced structured lipids have the potential to be used in infant formula.
Spatial organization of large- and very-large-scale motions in a turbulent channel flow
Authors: Lee Jin , Lee Jae Hwa , Choi Jung-Il , Sung Hyung Jin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDirect numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the spatial features of large- and very-large-scale motions (LSMs and VLSMs) in a turbulent channel flow ($\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mathit{Re}_{\tau }=930$). A streak detection method based on the streamwise velocity fluctuations was used to individually trace the cores of LSMs and VLSMs. We found that both the LSM and VLSM populations were large. Several of the wall-attached LSMs stretched toward the outer regions of the channel. The VLSMs consisted of inclined outer LSMs and near-wall streaks. The number of outer LSMs increased linearly with the streamwise length of the VLSMs. The temporal features of the low-speed streaks in the outer region revealed that growing and merging events dominated the large-scale (1–$3\delta $) structures. The VLSMs $({>}3\delta )$ were primarily created by merging events, and the statistical analysis of these events supported that the merging of large-scale upstream structures contributed to the formation of VLSMs. Because the local convection velocity is proportional to the streamwise velocity fluctuations, the streamwise-aligned structures of the positive- and negative-$u$ patches suggested a primary mechanism underlying the merging events. The alignment of the positive- and negative-$u$ structures may be an essential prerequisite for the formation of VLSMs.
Fishing for community and culture: the value of fisheries in rural Alaska
Authors: Holen Davin 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIn Alaska, fishing provides important economic and socio-cultural benefits for rural communities. This paper presents some of the findings from a research project that investigated the role of commercial and subsistence fishing in the maintenance of economic and social viability, and the ways in which residents of rural communities in Alaska value fishing. Three rural fishing communities in Alaska served as case studies for this project: Chenega Bay in Prince William Sound, Kokhanok in Bristol Bay, and Tyonek in Cook Inlet. In all three communities, both old and young residents note that younger people are not participating in fishing as much as they did in the past, and there is concern that fishing traditions will not continue. However, research findings show how important fishing is as a social, cultural, and community activity for families. Residents noted fishing provided for a quality of life that included values associated with family, community, culture, and freedom.
A social health services model to promote active ageing in Mexico: design and evaluation of a pilot programme
Authors: PÉREZ-CUEVAS RICARDO , DOUBOVA SVETLANA V. , BAZALDÚA-MERINO LAURA ANGÉLICA , REYES-MORALES HORTENSIA , MARTÍNEZ DAVID , KARAM ROBERTO , GAMEZ CARLOS , MUÑOZ-HERNÁNDEZ ONOFRE 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe objective of the study was to design and evaluate a pilot programme aimed at promoting the active ageing of older adults at the Mexican Institute of Social Security. The study was conducted in three stages: (a) design; (b) implementation; and (c) before–after evaluation through analysis of changes in functional status, occupational functioning and health-related quality of life. To overcome the limitations of the study design, we evaluated the effect of 80 per cent adherence to the programme on the outcome variables using the generalised linear regression models (GLM). Two hundred and thirty-nine older adults agreed to participate, of whom 65 per cent completed the programme. Most were women; the average age was 77 years. Adherence to the programme was higher than 75 per cent for the group who completed active ageing services and less than 60 per cent for the drop-out group. Overall, 46 per cent of older adults reached an adherence level of 80 per cent or higher. Adherence was significantly associated with improved quality of life total score (coefficient 2.7,p<0.0001) and occupational functioning total score (coefficient 2.2,p<0.0001). Participation of older adults in an active ageing programme may improve their health-related quality of life and occupational functioning. It is necessary to identify the potential barriers and to implement strategies to improve the recruitment and retention rates during the intervention.
Diphtheria outbreak in Maranhão, Brazil: microbiological, clinical and epidemiological aspects
Authors: SANTOS L. S. , SANT'ANNA L. O. , RAMOS J. N. , LADEIRA E. M. , STAVRACAKIS-PEIXOTO R. , BORGES L. L. G. , SANTOS C. S. , NAPOLEÃO F. , CAMELLO T. C. F. , PEREIRA G. A. , HIRATA R. , VIEIRA V. V. , COSME L. M. S. S. , SABBADINI P. S. , MATTOS-GUARALDI A. L. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYWe describe microbiological, clinical and epidemiological aspects of a diphtheria outbreak that occurred in Maranhão, Brazil. The majority of the 27 confirmed cases occurred in partially (n = 16) or completely (n = 10) immunized children (n = 26). Clinical signs and characteristic symptoms of diphtheria such as cervical lymphadenopathy and pseudomembrane formation were absent in 48% and 7% of the cases, respectively. Complications such as paralysis of lower limbs were observed. Three cases resulted in death, two of them in completely immunized children. Microbiological analysis identified the isolates asCorynebacterium diphtheriaebiovar intermedius with a predominant PFGE type. Most of them were toxigenic and some showed a decrease in penicillin G susceptibility. In conclusion, diphtheria remains endemic in Brazil. Health professionals need to be aware of the possibility of atypical cases ofC. diphtheriaeinfection, including pharyngitis without pseudomembrane formation.
eIF2B is a decameric guanine nucleotide exchange factor with a γ2ε2 tetrameric core
Authors: Gordiyenko Yuliya , Schmidt Carla , Jennings Martin D. , Matak-Vinkovic Dijana , Pavitt Graham D. , Robinson Carol V. 
Published: May 2014

AbstracteIF2B facilitates and controls protein synthesis in eukaryotes by mediating guanine nucleotide exchange on its partner eIF2. We combined mass spectrometry (MS) with chemical cross-linking, surface accessibility measurements and homology modelling to define subunit stoichiometry and interactions within eIF2B and eIF2. Although it is generally accepted that eIF2B is a pentamer of five non-identical subunits (α–ε), here we show that eIF2B is a decamer. MS and cross-linking of eIF2B complexes allows us to propose a model for the subunit arrangements within eIF2B where the subunit assembly occurs through catalytic γ- and ε-subunits, with regulatory subunits arranged in asymmetric trimers associated with the core. Cross-links between eIF2 and eIF2B allow modelling of interactions that contribute to nucleotide exchange and its control by eIF2 phosphorylation. Finally, we identify that GTP binds to eIF2Bγ, prompting us to propose a multi-step mechanism for nucleotide exchange.
Involvement of the Wbp pathway in the biosynthesis of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide with anionic polysaccharide
Authors: Shoji Mikio , Sato Keiko , Yukitake Hideharu , Naito Mariko , Nakayama Koji 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis has two different lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules, O-LPS and A-LPS. We have recently shown that P. gingivalis strain HG66 lacks A-LPS. Here, we found that introduction of a wild-type wbpB gene into strain HG66 restored formation of A-LPS. Sequencing of the wbpB gene from strain HG66 revealed the presence of a nonsense mutation in the gene. The wbpB gene product is a member of the Wbp pathway, which plays a role in the synthesis of UDP-ManNAc(3NAc)A in Pseudomonas aeruginosa; UDP-ManNAc(3NAc)A is sequentially synthesized by the WbpA, WbpB, WbpE, WbpD and WbpI proteins. We then determined the effect of the PGN_0002 gene, a wbpD homolog, on the biosynthesis of A-LPS. A PGN_0002-deficient mutant demonstrated an A-LPS biosynthesis deficiency. Taken together with previous studies, the present results suggest that the final product synthesized by the Wbp pathway is one of the sugar substrates necessary for the biosynthesis of A-LPS.
Dual‐band slot‐coupled patch antenna with broad bandwidth and high directivity for WLAN access point
Authors: Yeom Insu , Kim Jin Myung , Jung Chang Won 
Published: May 2014

A dual‐band slot‐coupled patch antenna for the external access point of the wireless local area network (WLAN) band is implemented. The antennas consist of two radiators on three layers. The first radiator is a slotted bow‐tie antenna operating at the 2.4–2.483 GHz band. The second radiator is a patch antenna with parasitic elements operating at 4.095–5.845 GHz. To enhance the bandwidth, a coupled feeding was used in the first radiator and a parasitic patch was used in the second radiator. To improve the directivity and isolation in both the radiators a parasitic patch and chock were used. The peak gain was more than 6 dBi in the first antenna and more than 8 dBi in the second antenna.
Triple band‐notched aperture UWB antenna using hollow‐cross‐loop resonator
Authors: Liu Ying , Chen Zhe , Gong Shuxi 
Published: May 2014

A rectangle‐shaped aperture antenna for ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications which can prevent the interference problems is presented. By attaching a hollow‐cross‐loop resonator (HCLR), triple‐notched frequency bands centred at 3.5, 5.7 and 8.2 GHz are obtained. The HCLR is loaded in the aperture over the microstrip feedline. The proposed antenna has been successfully simulated and measured. Based on the results, it is shown that the proposed antenna yields an impedance bandwidth of 2.55–12 GHz with a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 2, except for the triple‐notched bands of 3.15–3.85 GHz (WiMAX band), 5.4–6.1 GHz (WLAN band) and 7.8–9.3 GHz (X‐band satellite communication).
Compact dual‐band power divider based on dual composite right/left‐handed transmission line
Authors: Wu Guo‐cheng , Wang Guangming , Sun Jia‐jia , Gao Xiang‐jun , Wang Ya‐wei 
Published: May 2014

A compact dual‐band power divider based on a dual composite right/left‐handed transmission line is presented. The measured results show that for the presented power divider operating at 1.9 GHz with a 94.2% bandwidth (1.00–2.78 GHz) and at 6.6 GHz with a 12.9% bandwidth (6.25–7.10 GHz), in which the return loss is <−10 dB, the variation of measured |S21| and |S31| is within 3 ± 0.5 dB. Compared with the conventional transmission line power divider operating at 1.9 GHz, the presented one not only realises dual bands but also realises a 24% size reduction.
Compact microstrip lowpass filter with sharp roll‐off using radial resonator
Authors: Hayati M. , Naderi S. , Jafari F. 
Published: May 2014

A compact microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) with sharp roll‐off is presented. The proposed filter consists of radial resonator, triangular patch and open stub. The proposed filter has good specifications such as low insertion loss <0.1 dB, high return loss of −20 dB, wide stopband from 4.37 to 19 GHz with −20 dB attenuation level and compact size. The LPF filter has a cut‐off frequency of 3 dB at 4.24 GHz and a high roll‐off rate of 130.7 and finally a high figure‐of‐merit of 23526.
Design and fabrication of cost‐effective side‐stem micromechanical disk resonator with large capacitive gap
Authors: Phamvan Huan , Seok Jongwon , Choi Hae‐Jin 
Published: May 2014

A high‐performance micromechanical disk resonator is developed for use in mass detection biosensors. The resonator is designed to facilitate easy and cost‐effective fabrication by anchoring the disk on the side stems and increasing the capacitive gap size up to 4.75 µm. The designed disk resonator operates in an elliptic contour‐mode at a resonance frequency of 5.971 MHz with a quality factor of 4272 in ambient air condition and 17 221 in a 600 Torr vacuum environment.
2.8 dB conversion gain broadband HBT–HEMT balanced frequency tripler with high harmonic suppression
Authors: Chen Guan‐Yu , Chang Hong‐Yeh , Weng Shou‐Hsien , Hsin Yue‐Ming , Wang Yu‐Chi 
Published: May 2014

A 10.2–12.6 GHz balanced heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT)–high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) frequency tripler is presented. A pair of common‐base/common‐emitter HBTs is used to generate in‐phase and out‐of‐phase harmonics. Two bandpass filters are utilised as matching networks to enhance the harmonic suppression. A common‐gate/common‐source HEMT active balun is employed to combine the third harmonic in‐phase and provide conversion gain. The proposed frequency tripler shows a conversion gain of 2.8 dB, a fractional bandwidth of 21.2% and a fundamental suppression higher than 47 dB.
Highly stable operations of transverse‐coupled cavity VCSELs with enhanced modulation bandwidth
Authors: Dalir H. , Koyama F. 
Published: May 2014

The highly stable operation of 980 nm transverse coupled cavity vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) with enhanced modulation bandwidth for high‐speed optical interconnects is reported. The device operates at 25 Gbit/s from 0 to 60°C with fixed driving conditions. In addition, the stability of driving currents into the VCSEL is explored, exhibiting that the bandwidth enhancement is not sensitive to the current. The ultra‐compact inplane coupled cavity VCSEL can boost the modulation speed beyond the relaxation oscillation frequency because of the to photon–photon resonance, which makes it useful in next‐generation computing and data centre networking.
Frequency‐modulated magneto‐acoustic detection and imaging
Authors: Aliroteh M.S. , Scott G. , Arbabian A. 
Published: May 2014

Magneto‐acoustic (MA) tomography combines near‐field RF and ultrasound for the goal of a safe, high‐resolution, high‐contrast bimodal imaging technique. Coherency between RF excitation and the resulting ultrasound generation through Lorentz force interactions is established. This allows for continuous‐wave (CW) imaging techniques to replace conventional pulsed‐based approaches, easing system design and improving signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) while reducing the peak‐to‐average excitation power ratio, for the same averaging time, sensitivity and gain. This is the first successful demonstration of MA detection using step frequency CW (SFCW) as well as frequency‐modulated CW (FMCW) approaches with up to 36 dB SNR improvement.
Formation en Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies : Un pas vers une
«vraie » interdisciplinarité
Authors: Sellier H. , Planus E. , Dubois F. , Lévy L. , Gautier-Luneau I. , Peyla Ph. , Marchi F. 
Published: May 2014

En 2011, l’Université Joseph Fourier (UJF), s'appuyant sur la force de la recherche
interdisciplinaire des laboratoires grenoblois dans les Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies, a
ouvert deux majeures : un M1 « Physique fondamentale et Nanosciences » et un M1 « Chimie
et Nanosciences ». Dans ce cadre, des Travaux Pratiques interdisciplinaires et interplateformes
ont été mis en place afin d’illustrer de manière concrète la convergence de la
physique, de la chimie et de la biologie à l’échelle micro/nanométrique qui s’appuie sur les
micro et nanotechnologies. Cet article décrit en détail ces TP et expose leur intérêt
pédagogique pour la formation des étudiants ainsi que pour des enseignants-chercheurs.