bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preconception folic acid supplementation and risk for chromosome 21 nondisjunction: A report from the National Down Syndrome Project
Authors: Hollis NaTasha D. , Allen Emily G. , Oliver Tiffany Renee , Tinker Stuart W. , Druschel Charlotte , Hobbs Charlotte A. , O'Leary Leslie A. , Romitti Paul A. , Royle Marjorie H. , Torfs Claudine P. , Freeman Sallie B. , Sherman Stephanie L. , Bean Lora J.H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBoth a lack of maternal folic acid supplementation and the presence of genetic variants that reduce enzyme activity in folate pathway genes have been linked to meiotic nondisjunction of chromosome 21; however, the findings in this area of research have been inconsistent. To better understand these inconsistencies, we asked whether maternal use of a folic acid‐containing supplement before conception reduces risk for chromosome 21 nondisjunction. Using questionnaire data from the National Down Syndrome Project, a population‐based case–control study, we compared the use of folic acid‐containing supplements among mothers of infants with full trisomy 21 due to maternal nondisjunction (n = 702) and mothers of infants born with no major birth defects (n = 983). Using logistic regression, adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, and infant age at maternal interview, we found no evidence of an association between lack of folic acid supplementation and maternal nondisjunction among all case mothers (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.90–1.48). In analyses stratified by meiotic stage and maternal age (<35 or ≥35 years), we found an association among older mothers experiencing meiosis II nondisjunction errors (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.08–3.71). These data suggest that lack of folic acid supplementation may be associated specifically with MII errors in the aging oocyte. If confirmed, these results could account for inconsistencies among previous studies, as each study sample may vary by maternal age structure and proportion of meiotic errors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Batch and column removal of copper by modified brown algae sargassum bevanom from aqueous solution
Authors: Esfandian Hossein , Javadian Hamedreza , Parvini Mehdi , Khoshandam Behnam , Katal Reza 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research work is to investigate sorption characteristics of brown algae Sargassum bevanom (S. bevanom) for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The sorption of Cu(II) ions by batch method is carried out. The optimum conditions of biosorption were found to be: a biomass dose of 0.4 g in 100 ml of Cu(II), contact time of 100 min and pH 6, respectively. In optimum condition, removal efficiency was 88.45%. Meanwhile, the maximum adsorption capacity was 73.26 mg g‐1. Four equations, i.e. Morris–Weber, Lagergren, Elovich and pseudo second order have been tested to track the kinetics of removal process. The data are well described by pseudo‐second‐order model. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevic (D–R) are subjected to sorption data to estimate sorption capacity, and the Langmuir shows the high performance in the fitting of equilibrium data. It can be concluded that S. bevanom has potential to remove Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions at different concentrations. Also, it achieved 75% desorption efficiency using 0.1 M HCl, and reusing of adsorbent shows high ability in the Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution. The removal of Cu(II) by S. bevanom was also investigated in a fixed bed column. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of important parameters such as bed depth (10–20 cm), initial concentration and flow rate (5–15 ml min−1). Meanwhile, the regeneration and reusability of this adsorbent for five cycles was studied. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Faculty‐Determined Course Equivalency: The Key to Ohio's Transfer Mobility System
Authors: Compton Paula K. , Tafel Jonathan , Law Joe , Gustafson Robert 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter outlines how Ohio developed a comprehensive, guaranteed transfer system that connects colleges and universities, high schools, adult career centers, and the workplace. Ohio's story confirms the importance of clearly defined pathways, faculty‐determined course equivalency, cutting‐edge technology, and effective, determined leadership.
Death from high‐risk prostate cancer versus cardiovascular mortality with hormonal therapy
Authors: Lester‐Coll Nataniel H. , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Sher David J. , D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBACKGROUND:Randomized trials have demonstrated improved survival when hormonal therapy (HT) is added to radiation therapy (RT) for high‐risk prostate cancer. However, it is still unknown whether men who have a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or MI risk factors achieve a superior outcome from HT.METHODS:A Markov decision analysis model was used to compare quality‐adjusted life expectancy (QALE) in men aged 50, 60, and 70 years who received RT and no HT, 6 months of HT (short‐term), or 3 years of HT (long‐term) for high‐risk prostate cancer stratified by cardiac risk group.RESULTS:In men with a history of MI, there was a decrease of 0.1 to 0.2 quality‐adjusted life years and 0.5 to 0.6 quality‐adjusted life years across all ages with short‐term HT and long‐term HT, respectively, compared with no HT. In men without MI, receipt of short‐term or long‐term HT was associated with a QALE benefit versus no HT in all cohorts. Among men without MI, the optimal duration of HT was a function of age and the number of MI risk factors. Long‐term HT improved QALE (range, 1.4‐5.4 years) for men aged 50 or 60 years except those with MI; whereas, for men aged 70 years with 4 cardiac risk factors, short‐term and long‐term HT yielded identical QALE.CONCLUSIONS:Men who received RT for high‐risk prostate cancer and had a history of MI experienced net harm when they received HT. Men without MI gained a QALE benefit from HT, even if they had up to 4 cardiac risk factors. The optimal duration of HT is a function of patient age and the number of cardiac risk factors. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
The evolutionary ecology of technological innovations
Authors: Solée Ricard V. , Valverde Sergi , Casals Marti Rosas , Kauffman Stuart A. , Farmer Doyne , Eldredge Niles 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTechnological evolution has been compared to biological evolution by many authors over the last two centuries. As a parallel experiment of innovation involving economic, historical, and social components, artifacts define a universe of evolving properties that displays episodes of diversification and extinction. Here, we critically review previous work comparing the two types of evolution. Like biological evolution, technological evolution is driven by descent with variation and selection, and includes tinkering, convergence, and contingency. At the same time, there are essential differences that make the two types of evolution quite distinct. Major distinctions are illustrated by current specific examples, including the evolution of cornets and the historical dynamics of information technologies. Due to their fast and rich development, the later provide a unique opportunity to study technological evolution at all scales with unprecedented resolution. Despite the presence of patterns suggesting convergent trends between man‐made systems end biological ones, they provide examples of planned design that have no equivalent with natural evolution.
Cis‐regulatory sequence variation and association with Mycoplasma load in natural populations of the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus)
Authors: Backström Niclas , Shipilina Daria , Blom Mozes P. K. , Edwards Scott V. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCharacterization of the genetic basis of fitness traits in natural populations is important for understanding how organisms adapt to the changing environment and to novel events, such as epizootics. However, candidate fitness‐influencing loci, such as regulatory regions, are usually unavailable in nonmodel species. Here, we analyze sequence data from targeted resequencing of the cis‐regulatory regions of three candidate genes for disease resistance (CD74, HSP90α, and LCP1) in populations of the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) historically exposed (Alabama) and naïve (Arizona) to Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Our study, the first to quantify variation in regulatory regions in wild birds, reveals that the upstream regions of CD74 and HSP90α are GC‐rich, with the former exhibiting unusually low sequence variation for this species. We identified two SNPs, located in a GC‐rich region immediately upstream of an inferred promoter site in the gene HSP90α, that were significantly associated with Mycoplasma pathogen load in the two populations. The SNPs are closely linked and situated in potential regulatory sequences: one in a binding site for the transcription factor nuclear NFYα and the other in a dinucleotide microsatellite ((GC)6). The genotype associated with pathogen load in the putative NFYα binding site was significantly overrepresented in the Alabama birds. However, we did not see strong effects of selection at this SNP, perhaps because selection has acted on standing genetic variation over an extremely short time in a highly recombining region. Our study is a useful starting point to explore functional relationships between sequence polymorphisms, gene expression, and phenotypic traits, such as pathogen resistance that affect fitness in the wild.
Unraveling the evolutionary history of the nematode Pristionchus pacificus: from lineage diversification to island colonization
Authors: McGaughran Angela , Morgan Katy , Sommer Ralf J 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe hermaphroditic nematode Pristionchus pacificus is a model organism with a range of fully developed genetic tools. The species is globally widespread and highly diverse genetically, consisting of four major independent lineages (lineages A, B, C, and D). Despite its young age (~2.1 Ma), volcanic La Réunion Island harbors all four lineages. Ecological and population genetic research studies suggest that this diversity is due to repeated independent island colonizations by P. pacificus. Here, we use model‐based statistical methods to rigorously test hypotheses regarding the evolutionary history of P. pacificus. First, we employ divergence analyses to date diversification events among the four “world” lineages. Next, we examine demographic properties of a subset of four populations (“a”, “b”, “c”, and “d”), present on La Réunion Island. Finally, we use the results of the divergence and demographic analyses to inform a modeling‐based approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach, where we test hypotheses about the order and timing of establishment of the Réunion populations. Our dating estimates place the recent common ancestor of P. pacificus lineages at nearly 500,000 generations past. Our demographic analysis supports recent (<150,000 generations) spatial expansion for the island populations, and our ABC approach supports c>a>b>d as the most likely colonization order of the island populations. Collectively, our study comprehensively improves previous inferences about the evolutionary history of P. pacificus.
trans‐Dinitrosyl‐Substituted Hexamolybdate and Study of Its Controllable NO Release
Authors: Zhang Jiangwei , Hao Jian , Khan Rao Naumaan Nasim , Zhang Jin , Wei Yongge 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOn the basis of the well‐developed N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) imidoylization strategy, the novel trans‐dinitrosyl‐substituted polyoxometalate (POM) (NBu4)4[Mo6O17(≡NO)2] was synthesized in moderate yield with high purity through a highly selective reaction route under mild reaction conditions. Its structure was elucidated by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, ESI‐MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Furthermore, its ability to undergo controlled NO release was confirmed by ESI‐MS, and a curve of the amount of NO released as a function of time within a simulated body fluid system was obtained by UV spectroscopy. The rate of NO release is controlled by changing the pH of the system. This is the first time that the decomposition of a POM has been used to produce therapeutic NO species. This study provides a new route to controlled‐release technology for NO storage and targeted delivery.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Behavior of Dioxomolybdenum Complexes Bearing AcAc‐Type Ligands
Authors: Korstanje Ties J. , Folkertsma Emma , Lutz Martin , Jastrzebski Johann T. B. H. , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA series of [MoO2(acac′)2] [acac′ = acetylacetonato‐type ligand: dibenzoylmethane (3), 1‐benzoylacetone (4), bis(p‐methoxybenzoyl)methane (5), 2‐acetylcyclopentanone (6), 2‐acetylcyclohexanone (7), and 2‐acetyl‐1‐tetralone (8)] complexes have been synthesized in yields of 44–83 % by a simple synthetic method by using sodium molybdate and the desired acac‐type ligand as starting materials. All the complexes were characterized by IR, UV/Vis, NMR, and high‐resolution ESI‐MS, and for compounds 3, 4, and 8, solid‐state structures were obtained by X‐ray diffraction. All the complexes contain a cis‐dioxomolybdenum moiety, as proven by the characteristic Mo=O vibrations in the IR spectra and the occurrence of four sets of signals in the NMR spectra of the complexes bearing asymmetrical ligands (4 and 6–8), and confirmed by the solid‐state structures. The complexes were found to be active as catalysts in the dehydration of 1‐phenylethanol to styrene using technical‐grade toluene as the solvent in air at 100 °C. The highest catalytic activity was found for [MoO2{(tBuCO)2CH}2] (2), followed by [MoO2{(C6H5CO)2CH}2] (3). Both complexes were also found to be active in the dehydration of other alcohols, including allylic, aliphatic, and homoallylic alcohols, as well as secondary and tertiary alcohols, with 2 generally showing better activity and selectivity than 3. These catalytic results were compared with those previously obtained with the metal‐based catalyst Re2O7 and the benchmark acid catalyst H2SO4. The results were dependent on the substrate: By using 2, good selectivities but lower activities were generally obtained with tertiary alcohols, whereas good activities but lower selectivities were obtained with secondary alcohols. The industrially important dehydration of 2‐octanol to octenes was very efficiently catalyzed by 2. Overall, the [MoO2(acac′)2] complexes reported herein could offer a cheaper and more abundant metal‐based catalyst alternative to the previously reported rhenium‐based catalytic system for the dehydration reaction.
Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael Addition/Cyclization Cascade Reaction of Ylideneoxindoles with Isothiocyanato Oxindoles: A Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition Approach to Optically Active Bispirooxindole Derivatives
Authors: Tan Fen , Cheng Hong‐Gang , Feng Bin , Zou You‐Quan , Duan Shu‐Wen , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA formal [3+2] cycloaddition involving the organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition/cyclization cascade reaction of ylideneoxindoles with isothiocyanato oxindoles was developed. This method allows efficient and rapid synthesis of highly functionalized bispirooxindole products bearing three contiguous stereogenic centers with two quaternary stereocenters in almost quantitative yields with extremely high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
Macroscale hydrological modelling approach for study of large scale hydrologic impacts under climate change in Indian river basins
Authors: Raje D. , Priya P. , Krishnan R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn climate‐change studies, a macroscale hydrologic model (MHM) operating over large scales can be an important tool in developing consistent hydrological variability estimates over large basins. MHMs, which can operate at coarse grid resolutions of about 1° latitude by longitude, have been used previously to study climate change impacts on the hydrology of continental scale or global river basins. They can provide a connection between global atmospheric models and water resource systems on large spatial scales and long timescales. In this study, the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) MHM is used to study large scale hydrologic impacts of climate change for Indian river basins. Large‐scale changes in runoff, evapotranspiration and soil moisture for India, as well as station‐scale changes in discharges for three major river basins with distinct climatic and geographic characteristics are examined in this study. Climate model projections for meteorological variables (precipitation, temperature and wind speed) from three general circulation models (GCMs) and three emissions scenarios are used to drive the VIC MHM. GCM projections are first interpolated to a 1° by 1° hydrologic model grid and then bias‐corrected using a quantile–quantile mapping. The VIC model is able to reproduce observed statistics for discharges in the Ganga, Narmada and Krishna basins reasonably well, even at the coarse grid resolution employed using a calibration period for years 1965–1970 and testing period from 1971–1973/1974. An increasing trend is projected for summer monsoon surface runoff, evapotranspiration and soil moisture in most central Indian river basins, whereas a decrease in runoff and soil moisture is projected for some regions in southern India, with important differences arising from GCM and scenario variability. Discharge statistics show increases in mid‐flow and low flow at Farakka station on Ganga River, increased high flows at Jamtara station upstream of Narmada, and increased high, mid‐flow and low flow for Vijayawada station on Krishna River in the future. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Escherichia coli strains harvested from springs in Kampala, Uganda: cell characterization and transport in saturated porous media
Authors: Lutterodt George , Foppen Jan Willem A. , Uhlenbrook Stefan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe hypothesized that the transport of Escherichia coli strains harvested from springs could be characterized by a similar set of cell characteristics and transport parameters. The hypothesis was tested by sampling springs throughout the Lubigi catchment in Kampala, Uganda. Chemo‐physical parameters in addition to total coliform concentrations were determined. Furthermore, E. coli strains were harvested, and cell properties determined. Column experiments in saturated quartz columns of 7 cm height were conducted to determine transport parameters of selected E. coli strains. Using a two‐site non‐equilibrium sorption model, transport was modelled by fitting breakthrough data in HYDRUS 1D. Results indicated faecal contamination of the springs with high concentrations of total coliforms, chloride and nitrate. Furthermore, the maximum relative E. coli concentrations (C/C0)max in the column experiments were high. Compared with our previous work on E. coli strains, collected from a pasture and from zoo animals, attachment was low. Modelling revealed that both equilibrium and kinetic sorption were not important under conditions employed in the experiments. These observations are explained by the way in which the strains were harvested: from termination points of flow lines (springs). Such strains may possess characteristics that might have influenced their transport in the subsurface leading to their low attachment efficiency and possibly contributing to the lack of influence of equilibrium and kinetic sorption characteristics. There was no significant correlation between cell properties and transport parameters. Furthermore, 58% of the tested strains were of the O21:H7 serotype, and all definable serotypes identified were associated with diseases. We speculate that this serotype may possess characteristics that allow preferential transport through the aquifers of the area. We demonstrated that bacteria harvested from termination points of flow lines compared with those obtained from pollution sources, which have not undergone transport yet, present a good option for the assessment of bacteria transport characteristics in aquifers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating the risk of squamous cell cancer induction in skin following nonlinear optical imaging
Authors: Thomas Giju , Nadiarnykh Oleg , van Voskuilen Johan , Hoy Christopher L. , Gerritsen Hans C. , Sterenborg Henricus J. C. M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHigh power femto‐second (fs) laser pulses used for in‐vivo nonlinear optical (NLO) imaging can form cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) in DNA, which may lead to carcinogenesis via subsequent mutations. Since UV radiation from routine sun exposure is the primary source of CPD lesions, we evaluated the risk of CPD‐related squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in human skin due to NLO imaging relative to that from sun exposure. We developed a unique cancer risk model expanding previously published estimation of risk from exposure to continuous wave (CW) laser. This new model showed that the increase in CPD‐related SCC in skin from NLO imaging is negligible above that due to regular sun exposure. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In vivo multimodal microscopy for detecting bone‐marrow‐derived cell contribution to skin regeneration
Authors: Graf Benedikt W. , Bower Andrew J. , Chaney Eric J. , Marjanovic Marina , Adie Steven G. , De Lisio Michael , Valero Maria C. , Boppart Marni D. , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBone‐marrow (BM)‐derived cells have been shown to be capable of aiding skin regeneration in vivo by differentiating into keratinocytes. However, the conditions under which this occurs are not fully understood. Characterizing innate mechanisms of skin regeneration by stem cells in vivo is important for the area of stem cell biology. In this study, we investigate the use of novel in vivo imaging technology for characterizing the contribution of BM‐derived cells to regeneration of the epidermis in mouse skin in vivo. In vivo imaging provides the ability to non‐invasively observe the spatial positions and morphology of the BM‐derived cells. Using a GFP BM‐transplanted mouse model and in vivo multimodal microscopy, BM‐derived cells can be observed in the skin. Our in vivo imaging method was used to search for the presence and identify the 3D spatial distribution of BM‐derived cells in the epidermis of the skin under normal conditions, following wound healing, and after syngeneic skin grafting. We did not observe any evidence of BM‐derived keratinocytes under these conditions, but we did observe BM‐derived dendritic cells in the skin grafts. In vivo multimodal imaging has great potential for characterizing the conditions under which BM‐derived cells contribute to skin regeneration. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multi‐Scale Anthropogenic Driving Forces of Karst Rocky Desertification in Southwest China
Authors: Yan X. , Cai Y. L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractKarst rocky desertification (KRD) is a type of land degradation especially prominent in southwest China. This article analyzes the anthropogenic driving forces of KRD at two scales: rural locality and its macro socio‐economic circumstances. At the rural locality scale, the intensive human pressure on land because of a large and fast growing population and unsustainable land use are identified to be the reason for KRD. However, more radical driving forces lie in the farmers' disadvantages in social‐economic circumstances, which compel them to overuse rural land. Hukou system, coastal development strategy, and household responsibility system are verified as three important factors in social‐economic circumstances. At last, a two‐scale framework is constructed to explain how anthropogenic driving forces lead to KRD in southwest China. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.