bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material Flow Analysis as a Decision Support Tool for Waste Management: A Literature Review
Authors: Allesch Astrid , Brunner Paul H. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis article reviews, categorizes, and evaluates the objectives, means, and results of the application of material flow analysis (MFA) in waste management. It identifies those areas where MFA methodologies are most successful in supporting waste management decisions. The focus of this review is on the distinction between MFA on the level of goods and on the level of substances. Based on 83 reviewed studies, potentials, strengths, and weaknesses are investigated for the two levels of MFA when applied for analysis, evaluation, and improvement of waste management systems. The differences are discussed in view of effectiveness, applicability, and data availability. The results show that MFA on the level of goods are instrumental for understanding how waste management systems function, facilitating the connections of stakeholders, authorities, and waste management companies. The substance level is essential to assess qualitative aspects regarding resources and environment. Knowledge about the transformation, transport, and storage of valuable and hazardous substances forms the base for identifying both resource potentials and risks for human health and the environment. The results of this review encourage the application of MFA on both levels of goods and substances for decision making in waste management. Because of the mass balance principle, this combination has proven to be a powerful tool for comprehensively assessing if a chosen system reaches designated waste management goals.
Comparison of spatula and cytobrush cytological techniques in early detection of oral malignant and premalignant lesions: a prospective and blinded study
Authors: Nanayakkara P. G. C. L. , Dissanayaka W. L. , Nanayakkara B. G. , Amaratunga E. A. P. D. , Tilakaratne W. M. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe use of oral cytology to diagnose malignant and premalignant lesions at an early stage is considered crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnoses of the spatula and the cytobrush techniques compared with the gold standard histopathological findings, analysed according to different diagnostic criteria.MethodsCytological smears were obtained from 76 suspicious oral malignant lesions and 116 oral leukoplakia lesions using two techniques: cytobrush plus cell collector and metal spatula. Subsequently, a surgical biopsy was performed on each lesion to achieve a histopathological diagnosis. Evaluation was conducted with respect to three different diagnostic criteria.ResultsThe sensitivity for diagnosing carcinoma in clinically malignant cases was 89.58% and 60.42% for cytobrush and spatula techniques, respectively. Inclusion of severe dysplastic cases for ‘high‐risk’ lesions increased the sensitivity up to 96.36% and 78.18% for two techniques, respectively. In leukoplakia lesions, malignant and severely dysplastic cells were diagnosed at a sensitivity of 88.89% in the cytobrush and 55.56% in the spatula techniques. Extending the criteria by defining malignant or any dysplastic findings as positive, sensitivity was increased to 98.02% and 89.11% for the spatula and the cytobrush techniques, respectively. Specificity for both techniques increased to 100%. The difference between the diagnoses of histopathology and the spatula cytology was statistically significant (P < 0.01), while no such difference was found with the cytobrush technique (P > 0.1).ConclusionThe cytobrush, unlike the spatula, is a useful screening instrument for early diagnosis of suspicious oral lesions and could therefore contribute to improved oral cancer prognosis.
Antidepressant-like and anti-oxidative efficacy of Campsis grandiflora flower
Authors: Yu Hai-Chuan , Wu Jiao , Zhang Hong-Xing , Zhang Hai-San , Qiao Ting-Ting , Zhang Ji-Xia , Zhang Gao-Li , Sui Juan , Li Li-Wei , Zhang Li-Rong , Lv Lu-Xian 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Our study aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of ethyl acetate extract of the flowers of Campsis grandiflora (EFCG) in a mice model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).

Methods
HPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to identify the chemical constituents of EFCG. The DPPH assay and ABTS radical-scavenging assay were performed to measure the antioxidant properties. The protective properties of EFCG against H2O2-induced oxidative damage were analysed in PC12 cells. The changes of behaviour profiles were investigated by using open-field test, sucrose preference test, forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Brain tissue samples of mice were collected, and antioxidative measure levels were measured.

Key findings
The result showed that EFCG had the most active anti-oxidative effect and the protective effect against H2O2 oxidative injury in PC12 cells. Treatment with the EFCG significantly reduced the depressant-like severity and immobility period as compared with untreated CUMS mice in FST and TST. Moreover, EFCG significantly elevated the contents of superoxide dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase and decreased the contents of Malonaldehyde (MDA) in mice brain.

Conclusions
Our study found first the antidepressant activity of the EFCG. The results suggested the therapeutic potential of EFCG for depressive disorder.
Antinociceptive and hypoglycaemic evaluation of Conyza filaginoides (D.C.) Hieron Asteraceae
Authors: Ovalle-Magallanes Berenice , Déciga-Campos Myrna , Mata Rachel 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Objectives
This work was undertaken to assess the antinociceptive and hypoglycaemic properties of a quantified extract of Conyza filaginoides (CFOE), as well as the antinociceptive potential of rutin, the main active compound of the plant, in normoglycaemic and/or hyperglycaemic mice (nicotinamide-streptozotocin, NA-STZ).

Methods
The antinociceptive effect of CFOE was evaluated using the writhing, hotplate and formalin tests in mice. Rutin was also examined with the formalin test. In addition, the antihyperalgesic effect of CFOE was evaluated in hyperglycaemic mice. The hypoglycaemic effect of CFOE was tested using an acute hypoglycaemic assay, and oral glucose and sucrose tests in normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic mice.

Key findings
CFOE showed antinociceptive effect when tested in normoglycaemic mice in the writhing and hotplate tests (31.6–316 mg/kg). CFOE was also active in both normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic mice in the formalin test (10–100 μg/paw) revealing its antihyperalgesic property. Rutin reduced the nociceptive behaviour in the formalin test; its mechanism of action seems to involve GABAergic and opioid pathways. CFOE possessed noted hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effects in normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic mice (31.6–316 mg/kg).

Conclusions
The antinociceptive, antihyperalgesic and hypoglycaemic effects of C. filaginoides found in this study support the contemporary uses of the plant in Mexican folk medicine.
The oil-resin of the tropical rainforest tree Copaifera langsdorffii reduces cell viability, changes cell morphology and induces cell death in human endometriotic stromal cultures
Authors: Henriques da Silva Julianna , Borges Vinicius Raphael de Almeida , Pereira Leonardo da Cunha Boldrini , Ferrari Renato , de Mattos Rômulo Medina , Barros Eliane Gouveia de Oliveira , Palmero Celia Yelimar , Fernandes Patricia Dias , de Carvalho Patricia Ribeiro , Pereira de Sousa Valeria , Cabral Lucio Mendes , Nasciutti Luiz Eurico 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The hormonal treatment for endometriosis frequently fails to completely eradicate endometriotic implants. A new therapeutic treatment is needed. This study investigates the in-vitro effect of Copaifera langsdorffii oil-resin on human eutopic and ectopic endometrium stromal cell cultures (EuESCs and EctESCs).

Methods
A nanocomposite system containing the copaiba oil-resin (NanoCOR) was developed and acute toxicity test was performed. Endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) from non-endometriotics controls (CESCs), EuESCs and EctESCs were isolated and treated with different concentrations of NanoCOR, at different time intervals to evaluate its effect on cell morphology, proliferation, viability, necrosis and apoptosis induction.

Key findings
When treated with 50 μg/ml of NanoCOR, the morphology of EctESCs changed, as the actin microfilaments were disorganized, disassembled or disrupted. Moreover, at 24 h of treatment with NanoCOR, the EctESCs viability was inhibited, and a significant number of these cells underwent apoptosis. In EuESCs, these effects were observed only at 48 h. Finally, the treatment of EctESCs with NanoCOR increased the lactate dehydrogenase release into the extracellular medium more than in EuESCs.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that NanoCOR has a greater impact on the behaviour of human endometriotic stromal cells than on the eutopic endometrium stromal cells, supporting the idea that NanoCOR should be further investigated as a novel and valuable alternative to treat endometriosis.
Unique evolutionary trajectories in repeated adaptation to hydrogen sulphide‐toxic habitats of a neotropical fish (Poecilia mexicana)
Authors: Pfenninger Markus , Patel Simit , Arias‐Rodriguez Lenin , Feldmeyer Barbara , Riesch Rüdiger , Plath Martin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractReplicated ecological gradients are prime systems to study processes of molecular evolution underlying ecological divergence. Here, we investigated the repeated adaptation of the neotropical fish Poecilia mexicana to habitats containing toxic hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and compared two population pairs of sulphide‐adapted and ancestral fish by sequencing population pools of >200 individuals (Pool‐Seq). We inferred the evolutionary processes shaping divergence and tested the hypothesis of increase of parallelism from SNPs to molecular pathways. Coalescence analyses showed that the divergence occurred in the face of substantial bidirectional gene flow. Population divergence involved many short, widely dispersed regions across the genome. Analyses of allele frequency spectra suggest that differentiation at most loci was driven by divergent selection, followed by a selection‐mediated reduction of gene flow. Reconstructing allelic state changes suggested that selection acted mainly upon de novo mutations in the sulphide‐adapted populations. Using a corrected Jaccard index to quantify parallel evolution, we found a negligible proportion of statistically significant parallel evolution of Jcorr = 0.0032 at the level of SNPs, divergent genome regions (Jcorr = 0.0061) and genes therein (Jcorr = 0.0091). At the level of metabolic pathways, the overlap was Jcorr = 0.2545, indicating increasing parallelism with increasing level of biological integration. The majority of pathways contained positively selected genes in both sulphide populations. Hence, adaptation to sulphidic habitats necessitated adjustments throughout the genome. The largely unique evolutionary trajectories may be explained by a high proportion of de novo mutations driving the divergence. Our findings favour Gould's view that evolution is often the unrepeatable result of stochastic events with highly contingent effects.
Niche overlap and habitat use at distinct temporal scales among the California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and Guadalupe fur seals (Arctocephalus philippii townsendi)
Authors: Pablo‐Rodríguez Nereyda , Aurioles‐Gamboa David , Montero‐Muñoz Jorge L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the trophic level, trophic breadth, and dietary overlap of two species of otariids (Zalophus californianus and Arctocephalus philippii townsendi) at the San Benito Islands in Baja California, Mexico, using scat analysis, and stable isotope analyses (SIA) of carbon and nitrogen in pup hair and dental collagen. Scat samples were collected during summer and winter. The most important prey for both species during summer was squid, comprising 74% of the A. p. townsendi diet and 45% of that of Z. californianus. In winter, squid was 87% of the A. p. townsendi diet, whereas fish was the predominant food (76%) for Z. californianus. Both species were specialist feeders and reached maximum trophic overlap during the summer (CH = 0.9). SIA of the hair of otariid pups showed significant differences in δ15N (P = 0.001), coinciding with A. p. townsendi's greater consumption of squid. The average δ13C value was significantly lower for A. p. townsendi (−16.3‰ ± 0.2‰), reflecting the species' consumption of squid from pelagic habitats, whereas that of Z. californianus (−15.9‰ ± 0.3‰) was significantly higher, reflecting their consumption of benthic fish. Difference in habitat use was confirmed in δ13C values of dental collagen.
Early‐life stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety behavior is reversed by histone deacetylase inhibition
Authors: Moloney R. D. , Stilling R. M. , Dinan T. G. , Cryan J. F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractStressful life events, especially in childhood, can have detrimental effects on health and are associated with a host of psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Early‐life stress can be recapitulated in animals using the maternal separation (MS) model, exhibiting many key phenotypic outcomes including visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety‐like behaviors. The molecular mechanisms of MS are unclear, but recent studies point to a role for epigenetics. Histone acetylation is a key epigenetic mark that is altered in numerous stress‐related disease states. Here, we investigated the role of histone acetylation in early‐life stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity. Interestingly, increased number of pain behaviors and reduced threshold of visceral sensation were associated with alterations in histone acetylation in the lumbosacral spinal cord, a key region in visceral pain processing. Moreover, we also investigated whether the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), could reverse early‐life stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity and stress‐induced fecal pellet output in the MS model. Significantly, SAHA reversed both of these parameters. Taken together, these data describe, for the first time, a key role of histone acetylation in the pathophysiology of early‐life stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity in a well‐established model of IBS. These findings will inform new research aimed at the development of novel pharmaceutical approaches targeting the epigenetic machinery for novel anti‐IBS drugs.
Berlin heart ventricular assist device as a long‐term bridge to transplantation in a Fontan patient with failing single ventricle
Authors: Halaweish I. , Ohye R. G. , Si M. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe use of VADs as a BTT in children with heart failure has increased due to enhanced device design and reliability, leading to improved survival, functional capacity, and quality of life. However, the use of VADs in patients with Fontan physiology as a BTT is rare with few case reports. Here, we describe a case of implantation of the Berlin VAD as a BTT for 179 days, one of the longest reported periods of mechanical support, in a child with failing single ventricle.
Vaccination of calves with yeast‐ and bacterial‐expressed paramyosin from the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus
Authors: Joekel D. , Hinse P. , Raulf M. K. , Schicht S. , Bäumer W. , Werling D. , Kremmer E. , Strube C. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPreviously, vaccination of cattle with Escherichia coli‐expressed bovine lungworm paramyosin (EcPMY) adjuvanted with Quil A resulted in considerable reduction in worm burden and larvae shedding (Strube et al., 2015). To further evaluate the protective potential of PMY, cattle vaccination trials were performed using either E. coli‐ (EcPMY) or Pichia pastoris‐expressed PMY (PpPMY) with different adjuvants (Matrix‐Q™ or Quil A). Combinations EcPMY+Matrix‐Q™ (trial 1), PpPMY+Matrix‐Q™ (trial 2) and PpPMY+Quil A (trial 3) were tested against challenge infections with 2000 Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae. Even though GM worm burden and larvae shedding was lower in almost all vaccinated groups, there were high variations between individuals hampering significant differences. However, in all vaccinated groups, lungworms were significantly shorter compared with those in controls. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with recombinant (r)PMY revealed no significant proliferation following vaccinations or challenge infection. All vaccinated cattle showed a significant rise in specific antibodies, particularly IgG and its subclass IgG1, and detected the native lungworm PMY in immunoblots starting 2 weeks after the first vaccination. The use of a different rPMY‐adjuvant combination or combined vaccination with additional recombinant antigens might be a promising future approach towards a new vaccine against lungworms in cattle.
CTLA‐4 and CD28 genes' polymorphisms and renal cell carcinoma susceptibility in the Polish population – a prospective study
Authors: Tupikowski K. , Partyka A. , Kolodziej A. , Dembowski J. , Debinski P. , Halon A. , Zdrojowy R. , Frydecka I. , Karabon L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPolymorphisms in co‐stimulatory genes are associated with susceptibility to several malignances such as breast cancer, cervical cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, but have been scarcely investigated in renal cell cancer (RCC). A total of 310 RCC patients and 518 controls were genotyped for single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CTLA‐4 and CD28 genes: CTLA‐4c.49A>G (rs231775), CTLA‐4g.319C>T (rs5742909), CTLA‐4g.*6230G>A (CT60; rs3087243), CTLA‐4g.*10223G>T (Jo31; rs11571302), CD28c.17+3T>C (rs3116496) and CD28c.‐1042G>A (rs3181098). The distribution of the alleles, genotypes and haplotypes in the CTLA‐4 and CD28 genes were similar in the RCC patients and in the controls. However, among the patients with a clear cell RCC (CCRCC), the G allele carriers of CT60 and Jo31 SNPs were overrepresented, and the overrepresentation became significant for the carriers of CT60[G] allele in CCRCC patients with necrosis in the primary tumor (P = 0.046). The CTLA‐4c.49A>G[A]/CTLA‐4g.319C>T[C]/CT60[A]/Jo31[T]/CD28c.17+3T>C[T]/ CD28c.1042G>A[G] haplotype was associated with an approximately threefold increased risk of primary tumor necrosis in CCRCC patients (Pcorrected = 0.0000007) and with the advanced stage of disease (IV) (Pcorrected = 0.001). When stratified by gender, CD28c.‐1042G>A[GG] genotype was more frequent in the female CCRCC patients compared with healthy women (P = 0.042). Polymorphisms in the CTLA‐4 and CD28 genes, in particular considered together as haplotypes, were associated with increased risk of CCRCC, especially with necrosis and with the advanced stage of disease. The CD28c.‐1042G>A SNP modulates the risk of CCRCC in women. These findings indicate that the associations of the CTLA‐4 and CD28 polymorphisms with the risk of renal cancer are worth further study in a larger group of patients.
Exploring the tertiary gene pool of bread wheat: sequence assembly and analysis of chromosome 5Mg of Aegilops geniculata
Authors: Tiwari Vijay K. , Wang Shichen , Danilova Tatiana , Koo Dal Hoe , Vrána Jan , Kubaláková Marie , Hribova Eva , Rawat Nidhi , Kalia Bhanu , Singh Narinder , Friebe Bernd , Doležel Jaroslav , Akhunov Eduard , Poland Jesse , Sabir Jamal S. M. , Gill Bikram S. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) provides a powerful tool for the discovery of important genes and alleles in crop plants and their wild relatives. Despite great advances in NGS technologies, whole‐genome shotgun sequencing is cost‐prohibitive for species with complex genomes. An attractive option is to reduce genome complexity to a single chromosome prior to sequencing. This work describes a strategy for studying the genomes of distant wild relatives of wheat by isolating single chromosomes from addition or substitution lines, followed by chromosome sorting using flow cytometry and sequencing of chromosomal DNA by NGS technology. We flow‐sorted chromosome 5Mg from a wheat/Aegilops geniculata disomic substitution line [DS5Mg (5D)] and sequenced it using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 system at approximately 50 × coverage. Paired‐end sequences were assembled and used for structural and functional annotation. A total of 4236 genes were annotated on 5Mg, in close agreement with the predicted number of genes on wheat chromosome 5D (4286). Single‐gene FISH indicated no major chromosomal rearrangements between chromosomes 5Mg and 5D. Comparing chromosome 5Mg with model grass genomes identified synteny blocks in Brachypodium distachyon, rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). Chromosome 5Mg‐specific SNPs and cytogenetic probe‐based resources were developed and validated. Deletion bin‐mapped and ordered 5Mg SNP markers will be useful to track 5M‐specific introgressions and translocations. This study provides a detailed sequence‐based analysis of the composition of a chromosome from a distant wild relative of bread wheat, and opens up opportunities to develop genomic resources for wild germplasm to facilitate crop improvement.
A synteny‐based draft genome sequence of the forage grass Lolium perenne
Authors: Byrne Stephen L. , Nagy Istvan , Pfeifer Matthias , Armstead Ian , Swain Suresh , Studer Bruno , Mayer Klaus , Campbell Jacqueline D. , Czaban Adrian , Hentrup Stephan , Panitz Frank , Bendixen Christian , Hedegaard Jakob , Caccamo Mario , Asp Torben 
Published: September 2015

SummaryHere we report the draft genome sequence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), an economically important forage and turf grass species that is widely cultivated in temperate regions worldwide. It is classified along with wheat, barley, oats and Brachypodium distachyon in the Pooideae sub‐family of the grass family (Poaceae). Transcriptome data was used to identify 28 455 gene models, and we utilized macro‐co‐linearity between perennial ryegrass and barley, and synteny within the grass family, to establish a synteny‐based linear gene order. The gametophytic self‐incompatibility mechanism enables the pistil of a plant to reject self‐pollen and therefore promote out‐crossing. We have used the sequence assembly to characterize transcriptional changes in the stigma during pollination with both compatible and incompatible pollen. Characterization of the pollen transcriptome identified homologs to pollen allergens from a range of species, many of which were expressed to very high levels in mature pollen grains, and are potentially involved in the self‐incompatibility mechanism. The genome sequence provides a valuable resource for future breeding efforts based on genomic prediction, and will accelerate the development of new varieties for more productive grasslands.