bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key summary of German national guideline for adult patients with nosocomial pneumonia- Update 2024 Funding number at the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA): 01VSF22007
Authors: Rademacher Jessica , Ewig Santiago , Grabein Béatrice , Nachtigall Irit , Abele-Horn Marianne , Deja Maria , Gaßner Martina , Gatermann Sören , Geffers Christine , Gerlach Herwig , Hagel Stefan , Heußel Claus Peter , Kluge Stefan , Kolditz Martin , Kramme Evelyn , Kühl Hilmar , Panning Marcus , Rath Peter-Michael , Rohde Gernot , Schaaf Bernhard , Salzer Helmut J. F. , Schreiter Dierk , Schweisfurth Hans , Unverzagt Susanne , Weigand Markus A. , Welte Tobias , Pletz Mathias W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This executive summary of a German national guideline aims to provide the most relevant evidence-based recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of nosocomial pneumonia.

Methods
The guideline made use of a systematic assessment and decision process using evidence to decision framework (GRADE). Recommendations were consented by an interdisciplinary panel. Evidence analysis and interpretation was supported by the German innovation fund providing extensive literature searches and (meta-) analyses by an independent methodologist. For this executive summary, selected key recommendations are presented including the quality of evidence and rationale for the level of recommendation.

Results
The original guideline contains 26 recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of adults with nosocomial pneumonia, thirteen of which are based on systematic review and/or meta-analysis, while the other 13 represent consensus expert opinion. For this key summary, we present 11 most relevant for everyday clinical practice key recommendations with evidence overview and rationale, of which two are expert consensus and 9 evidence-based (4 strong, 5 weak and 2 open recommendations). For the management of nosocomial pneumonia patients should be divided in those with and without risk factors for multidrug-resistant pathogens and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) should not be used routinely. Bronchoscopic diagnosis is not considered superior to´non-bronchoscopic sampling in terms of main outcomes. Only patients with septic shock and the presence of an additional risk factor for multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDRP) should receive empiric combination therapy. In clinically stabilized patients, antibiotic therapy should be de-escalated and focused. In critically ill patients, prolonged application of suitable beta-lactam antibiotics should be preferred. Therapy duration is suggested for 7–8 days. Procalcitonin (PCT) based algorithm might be used to shorten the duration of antibiotic treatment. Patients on the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Diagnostics for Aspergillus should be performed with an antigen test from bronchial lavage fluid.

Conclusion
The current guideline focuses on German epidemiology and standards of care. It should be a guide for the current treatment and management of nosocomial pneumonia in Germany.
Enhancing Dynamic Shear Resistance and Efficient Micro-Void Reduction of Expansive Soil Using Activated Nano-Desilicated Fly Ash
Authors: Aneke Ikechukwu Frank , Shamshad Ali , Denis Kalumba , Siddiqua Sumi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExcessive swelling and high compressibility of soil have posed countless challenges such as poor dynamic shear strength for engineers dealing with cyclic loading in pavement structure. To address this challenge, the durability and mechanical properties of the investigated subgrade were treated with 10%, 20%, and 30% of activated nano-disilicate fly ash (NDFA) to the dry mass of the subgrade soil. A series of swelling pressure tests, One-dimensional compression tests, and dynamic triaxial (DT) tests were conducted on the samples fabricated using altered moisture content. The findings demonstrated that the swelling pressure and compressibility of the NDFA-treated specimens significantly decreased to an average of 15.3% and 18.4% respectively upon 20% inclusion of NDFA beyond which the swelling stress and compressibility values further decreased signifying the impact of NDFA on the expansive subgrade. The consolidation results also revealed that the treated soil’s consolidation parameters greatly decreased compared to the untreated soil with a high void ratio and compression index ($${C}_{c}$$

C
c

). The dynamic shear resistance of the subgrade soil increased by 36% upon the addition of 10% NDFA content compared to the untreated soil which portrayed a very low resistance against dynamic shear modulus ($${G}_{max}$$

G

max

) with a corresponding high damping ratio. The investigation revealed a strong correlation between $${C}_{c}$$

C
c

and dynamic shear modulus which is closely correlated to a coefficient determination of 0.99 due to the parameter’s dependency on porosity, particle shape, and stiffness.
Least angle regression in tangent space and LASSO for generalized linear models
Authors: Hirose Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study proposes sparse estimation methods for the generalized linear models, which run one of least angle regression (LARS) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) in the tangent space of the manifold of the statistical model. This study approximates the statistical model and subsequently uses exact calculations. LARS was proposed as an efficient algorithm for parameter estimation and variable selection for the normal linear model. The LARS algorithm is described in terms of Euclidean geometry regarding the correlation as the metric of the parameter space. Since the LARS algorithm only works in Euclidean space, we transform a manifold of the statistical model into the tangent space at the origin. In the generalized linear regression, this transformation allows us to run the original LARS algorithm for the generalized linear models. The proposed methods are efficient and perform well. Real-data analysis indicates that the proposed methods output similar results to that of the

$$l_1$$

l
1

-regularized maximum likelihood estimation for the aforementioned models. Numerical experiments reveal that our methods work well and they may be better than the

$$l_1$$

l
1

-regularization in generalization, parameter estimation, and model selection.
On hyperplane sections and projections in $$l_p^n$$
Authors: König Hermann 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor $$2< p < p_0 \simeq 26.265$$

2
<
p
<

p
0

≃
26.265

, the hyperplane section of the $$l_p^n$$

l
p
n

-unit ball $$B_p^n$$

B
p
n

perpendicular to $$a^{(n)} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}} (1 ,\ldots ,1)$$

a

(
n
)

=

1

n

(
1
,
…
,
1
)

for large n has larger volume than the one orthogonal to $$a^{(2)} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (1,1,0 ,\ldots ,0)$$

a

(
2
)

=

1

2

(
1
,
1
,
0
,
…
,
0
)

, as shown by Oleszkiewicz. This is different from the case of $$l_\infty ^n$$

l
∞
n

considered by Ball. We give a quantitative estimate for which dimensions n this happens, namely for $$n > c (\frac{1}{p_0-p} + \frac{1}{p-2})$$

n
>
c
(

1

p
0

-
p

+

1

p
-
2

)

for some absolute constant $$c>0$$

c
>
0

. Correspondingly for projections of $$B_q^n$$

B
q
n

onto hyperplanes, Barthe and Naor showed that projections onto hyperplanes perpendicular to $$a^{(n)}$$

a

(
n
)

have smaller volume for large n than onto the one orthogonal to $$a^{(2)}$$

a

(
2
)

, if $$\frac{4}{3}< q < 2$$

4
3

<
q
<
2

, different from the case $$q=1$$

q
=
1

. We show that this happens for all $$n > 5 (\frac{1}{q-\frac{4}{3}} + \frac{1}{2-q})$$

n
>
5
(

1

q
-

4
3

+

1

2
-
q

)

.
The COVID-19 infodemic as a major driver for vaccine hesitancy in conflict settings: a mixed-method study
Authors: Ahmed Asmaa , Al-Aghbari Ahmed Asa’ad , Hassan Ola El-Hajj , McGowan Maureen , Al-Qadasi Yasameen , Dureab Fekri 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince COVID-19 emerged in China, social media has spread fake news and conspiracy theories faster than the virus, causing the population to take false actions and follow misleading information, which leads to hospitalization, and even deaths, especially in conflict settings. Therefore, efforts to address health misinformation on social media have become urgent. For these reasons, we monitored social media following the vaccine rollout in Yemen and assessed the impact of the infodemic on the population's vaccine hesitancy in Yemen. To triangulate our data, we executed a mixed method approach in which qualitative data via online social listening was gathered using the WHO Early AI-supported Response with Social Listening (EARS) platform, and then complemented and verified with a Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) survey. Our results showed that social media in Yemen were exhibited contradictory facts and information gaps about the COVID-19 vaccine. The unaddressed questions and concerns on Facebook and Twitter have been filled with all types of misinformation, including rumors and conspiracy theories about the vaccine. Furthermore, the government's weak Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) have caused an enormous mistrust in its public health actions and stimulated negative behaviours towards the COVID-19 vaccine. The online social listening results were complemented with the survey findings as one third (38%) of the respondents admitted that COVID-19 vaccine misinformation affected their health decisions and almost two-third (61%) showed unwillingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine which clearly demonstrate the Yemenis hesitation in making health decisions including vaccine uptake. Our study highlights the importance of strengthening health communication and infodemic management to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and increase public confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine.
Evaluation of the antibacterial properties of commonly used clays from deposits in central and southern Asia
Authors: Abdullayev Elshan , Paterson Joy R. , Kuszynski Eleanor P. , Hamidi M. Daud , Nahar Papreen , Greenwell H. Chris , Neumann Anke , Sharples Gary J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
One potential solution to the rising threat of antibacterial drug resistance is the application of therapeutic clays to treat wound infections. Clays with antibacterial activity have been identified from a range of sources with their antibacterial properties often attributed to the release of toxic metal ions such as Fe(II) and Al(III). Here, clays from Afghanistan, Azerbaijan and Bangladesh that are utilized for washing and healing purposes were examined. Their antibacterial activities were assessed in suspension and as aqueous leachates against representative Gram-negative, Escherichia coli, and Gram-positive, Bacillus subtilis, bacteria. The majority of the clays conferred no deleterious effect and, in fact, tended to promote bacterial growth, likely as a result of released organic and inorganic nutrients. However, one of the clays, obtained from the Dhaka region of Bangladesh, displayed significant bactericidal activity against E. coli and B. subtilis as a clay suspension but not as an aqueous leachate. Further experiments confirmed that contact between clay and the bacteria was necessary for most of the antibacterial effects. Detailed analysis of bulk and <2 μm clay fraction mineralogy and geochemistry revealed no single defining parameter or mineral component that could be used to easily distinguish natural clays with antibacterial properties from those without. Overall, the results suggest a mechanism of antibacterial action of the Dhaka clay that arises from acidic conditions, likely enabled by the absence of calcite in the bulk clay, metal release, the presence of interstratified chlorite-smectite, and direct clay–bacteria interactions.
Calibrating Tropical Forest Coexistence in Ecosystem Demography Models Using Multi‐Objective Optimization Through Population‐Based Parallel Surrogate Search
Authors: Cheng Yanyan , Wang Wenyu , Detto Matteo , Fisher Rosie , Shoemaker Christine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTropical forest diversity governs forest structures, compositions, and influences the ecosystem response to environmental changes. Better representation of forest diversity in ecosystem demography (ED) models within Earth system models is thus necessary to accurately capture and predict how tropical forests affect Earth system dynamics subject to climate changes. However, achieving forest coexistence in ED models is challenging due to their computational expense and limited understanding of the mechanisms governing forest functional diversity. This study applies the advanced Multi‐Objective Population‐based Parallel Local Surrogate‐assisted search (MOPLS) optimization algorithm to simultaneously calibrate ecosystem fluxes and coexistence of two physiologically distinct tropical forest species in a size‐ and age‐structured ED model with realistic representation of wood harvest. MOPLS exhibits satisfactory model performance, capturing hydrological and biogeochemical dynamics observed in Barro Colorado Island, Panama, and robustly achieving coexistence for the two representative forest species. This demonstrates its effectiveness in calibrating tropical forest coexistence. The optimal solution is applied to investigate the recovery trajectories of forest biomass after various intensities of clear‐cut deforestation. We find that a 20% selective logging can take approximately 40 years for aboveground biomass to return to the initial level. This is due to the slow recovery rate of late successional trees, which only increases by 4% over the 40‐year period. This study lays the foundation to calibrate coexistence in ED models. MOPLS can be an effective tool to help better represent tropical forest diversity in Earth system models and inform forest management practices.
Global Thermospheric Infrared Response to the Mother's Day Weekend Extreme Storm of 2024
Authors: Mlynczak Martin G. , Hunt Linda A. , Nowak Nabil , Marshall B. Thomas , Mertens Christopher J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEarth experienced the strongest geomagnetic storm in 20 years over 10–13 May 2024. The Ap and Dst geomagnetic indices were 273 and −291.94 nT on 11 May. The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite observed significant enhancement in thermospheric infrared emission at 15, 5.3, 4.3, and 1.27 μm. On 11 May the daily global power radiated by nitric oxide (NO) at 5.3 μm was 1.41 TW and by carbon dioxide (CO2) at 15 μm was 1.35 TW. These are the largest single day power values observed by SABER in 22 years and the first time the daily power radiated by NO exceeded that of CO2. The total infrared power (above background) radiated during the storm was 2.64 TW (2.28 × 1017 J). Significant enhancement in limb radiance observed at 4.3 μm (to 250 km tangent height) is likely indicative of NO + formation during the storm.
Hypocretin in the nucleus accumbens shell modulates social approach in female but not male California mice
Authors: Luo Pei X. , Serna Godoy Alexandra , Zakharenkov Hannah Cortez , Vang Nou , Wright Emily C. , Balantac Taylor A. , Archdeacon Sinéad C. , Black Alexis M. , Lake Alyssa A. , Ramirez Alison V. , Lozier Lauren E. , Perez Melvin D. , Bhangal Irvin , Desta Nile M. , Trainor Brian C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe hypocretin (Hcrt) system modulates arousal and anxiety-related behaviors and has been considered as a novel treatment target for stress-related affective disorders. We examined the effects of Hcrt acting in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and anterodorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (adBNST) on social behavior in male and female California mice (Peromyscus californicus). In female but not male California mice, infusion of Hcrt1 into NAcSh decreased social approach. Weak effects of Hcrt1 on social vigilance were observed in both females and males. No behavioral effects of Hcrt1 infused into the adBNST were observed. Analyses of sequencing data from California mice and Mus musculus NAc showed that Hcrtr2 was more abundant than Hcrtr1, so we infused the selective Hcrt receptor 2 antagonist into the NAcSh, which increased social approach in females previously exposed to social defeat. A calcium imaging study in the NAcSh of females before and after stress exposure showed that neural activity increased immediately following the expression of social avoidance but not during freezing behavior. This observation is consistent with previous studies that identified populations of neurons in the NAc that drive avoidance. Intriguingly, calcium transients were not affected by stress. These data suggest that hypocretin acting in the NAcSh plays a key role in modulating stress-induced social avoidance.
Current best practices and future opportunities for reproducible findings using large-scale neuroimaging in psychiatry
Authors: Jahanshad Neda , Lenzini Petra , Bijsterbosch Janine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch into the brain basis of psychopathology is challenging due to the heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders, extensive comorbidities, underdiagnosis or overdiagnosis, multifaceted interactions with genetics and life experiences, and the highly multivariate nature of neural correlates. Therefore, increasingly larger datasets that measure more variables in larger cohorts are needed to gain insights. In this review, we present current “best practice” approaches for using existing databases, collecting and sharing new repositories for big data analyses, and future directions for big data in neuroimaging and psychiatry with an emphasis on contributing to collaborative efforts and the challenges of multi-study data analysis.
Regulation of Zfp36 by ISGF3 and MK2 restricts the expression of inflammatory cytokines during necroptosis stimulation
Authors: Yadav Sahil , El Hamra Rayan , Alturki Norah A. , Ariana Ardeshir , Bhan Avni , Hurley Kate , Gaestel Matthias , Blackshear Perry J. , Blais Alexandre , Sad Subash 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNecrosome activation following TLR- or cytokine receptor-signaling results in cell death by necroptosis which is characterized by the rupture of cell membranes and the consequent release of intracellular contents to the extracellular milieu. While necroptosis exacerbates various inflammatory diseases, the mechanisms through which the inflammatory responses are regulated are not clear. We show that the necrosome activation of macrophages results in an upregulation of various pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which results in an elevation of the inflammatory response and consequent expression of several cytokines and chemokines. Programming for this upregulation of inflammatory response occurs during the early phase of necrosome activation and proceeds independently of cell death but depends on the activation of the receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RipK1). Interestingly, necrosome activation also results in an upregulation of IFNβ, which in turn exerts an inhibitory effect on the maintenance of inflammatory response through the repression of MAPK-signaling and an upregulation of Zfp36. Activation of the interferon-induced gene factor-3 (ISGF3) results in the expression of ZFP36 (TTP), which induces the post-transcriptional degradation of mRNAs of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines through the recognition of AU-rich elements in their 3’UTR. Furthermore, ZFP-36 inhibits IFNβ-, but not TNFα- induced necroptosis. Overall, these results reveal the molecular mechanism through which IFNβ, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, induces the expression of ZFP-36, which in turn inhibits necroptosis and halts the maintenance of the inflammatory response.
The histone methyltransferase KMT2D is essential for embryo implantation via regulating precise differentiation of endometrial cells
Authors: Kobayashi Ryosuke , Tajika Yuki , Kohmaru Junki , Morita Sumiyo , Horii Takuro , Mizukami Yoichi , Aikawa Shizu , Hirota Yasushi , Hatada Izuho 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEmbryo implantation failures are a major challenge in reproductive medicine, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Successful implantation requires dynamic remodeling of the endometrium through integrated proliferation and differentiation of endometrial cells including luminal epithelial, glandular epithelial, and stromal cells. Conversely, their disruption causes infertility. Spatiotemporal control of transcription is required for these processes; however, the underlying epigenetic regulation is largely unknown. In this study, we examined expression data from the human endometrium during implantation and discovered that expression of the histone lysine methyltransferase KMT2D was significantly suppressed in patients with recurrent implantation failure. Further study revealed that uterine deletion of Kmt2d in mice caused infertility due to implantation failure. Morphological analysis discovered a reduction in the number of uterine glands and aberrant differentiation of the luminal and glandular epithelium into stratified phenotypes in Kmt2d knockout uteri. Administration of leukemia inhibitory factor protein, which is expressed in uterine glands and is essential for implantation, did not rescue implantation failure in Kmt2d knockout mice, suggesting that infertility was not solely due to uterine gland dysfunction. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Kmt2d knockout uteri displayed suppressed expression of genes involved in ion homeostasis, which may affect the uterine luminal morphology. Our study suggests that KMT2D plays an essential role in facilitating successful embryo implantation by regulating the coordinated differentiation of endometrial cells, providing valuable insights into unexplained implantation failures in women.
Disease-relevant upregulation of P2Y1 receptor in astrocytes enhances neuronal excitability via IGFBP2
Authors: Shigetomi Eiji , Suzuki Hideaki , Hirayama Yukiho J. , Sano Fumikazu , Nagai Yuki , Yoshihara Kohei , Koga Keisuke , Tateoka Toru , Yoshioka Hideyuki , Shinozaki Youichi , Kinouchi Hiroyuki , Tanaka Kenji F. , Bito Haruhiko , Tsuda Makoto , Koizumi Schuichi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReactive astrocytes play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases; however, their functional phenotype and the downstream molecules by which they modify disease pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, we genetically increase P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R) expression, which is upregulated in reactive astrocytes in several neurological diseases, in astrocytes of male mice to explore its function and the downstream molecule. This astrocyte-specific P2Y1R overexpression causes neuronal hyperexcitability by increasing both astrocytic and neuronal Ca2+ signals. We identify insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) as a downstream molecule of P2Y1R in astrocytes; IGFBP2 acts as an excitatory signal to cause neuronal excitation. In neurological disease models of epilepsy and stroke, reactive astrocytes upregulate P2Y1R and increase IGFBP2. The present findings identify a mechanism underlying astrocyte-driven neuronal hyperexcitability, which is likely to be shared by several neurological disorders, providing insights that might be relevant for intervention in diverse neurological disorders.