bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coaxial Carbon/Metal Oxide/Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays as High‐Performance Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Lou Fengliu , Zhou Haitao , Tran Trung Dung , Melandsø Buan Marthe Emelie , Vullum‐Bruer Fride , Rønning Magnus , Walmsley John Charles , Chen De 
Published: May 2014

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Prof. D. Chen at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The image shows how the aggregation of carbon/metal oxide core–shell arrays, which are used as anodes for lithium ion batteries, can be avoided—through carbon coating, as a result of which carbon/metal oxide/carbon sandwich arrays are formed. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201300461
Tuning Thin‐Film Electrolyte for Lithium Battery by Grafting Cyclic Carbonate and Combed Poly(ethylene oxide) on Polysiloxane
Authors: Li Jie , Lin Yue , Yao Hehua , Yuan Changfu , Liu Jin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA tunable polysiloxane thin‐film electrolyte for all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries was developed. The polysiloxane was synthesized by hydrosilylation of polymethylhydrosiloxane with cyclic [(allyloxy)methyl]ethylene ester carbonic acid and vinyl tris(2‐methoxyethoxy)silane. 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel‐permeation chromatography demonstrated that the bifunctional groups of the cyclic propylene carbonate (PC) and combed poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were well grafted on the polysiloxane. At PC/PEO=6:4, the polysiloxane‐based electrolyte had an ionic conductivity of 1.55×10−4 and 1.50×10−3 S cm−1 at 25 and 100 °C, respectively. The LiFePO4/Li batteries fabricated with the thin‐film electrolyte presented excellent cycling performance in the temperature range from 25 to 100 °C with an initial discharge capacity at a rate of 1 C of 88.2 and 140 mA h g−1 at 25 and 100 °C, respectively.
Transformation of Cellulose and its Derived Carbohydrates into Formic and Lactic Acids Catalyzed by Vanadyl Cations
Authors: Tang Zhenchen , Deng Weiping , Wang Yanliang , Zhu Enze , Wan Xiaoyue , Zhang Qinghong , Wang Ye 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe transformation of cellulose or cellulose‐derived carbohydrates into platform chemicals is the key to establish biomass‐based sustainable chemical processes. The systems able to catalyze the conversion of cellulose into key chemicals in water without the consumption of hydrogen are limited. We report that simple vanadyl (VO2+) cations catalyze the conversions of cellulose and its monomer, glucose, into lactic acid and formic acid in water. We have discovered an interesting shift of the major product from formic acid to lactic acid on switching the reaction atmosphere from oxygen to nitrogen. Our studies suggest that VO2+ catalyzes the isomerization of glucose to fructose, the retro‐aldol fragmentation of fructose to two trioses, and the isomerization of trioses, which leads to the formation of lactic acid under anaerobic conditions. The oxidative cleavage of CC bonds in the intermediates caused by the redox conversion of VO2+/VO2+ under aerobic conditions results in formic acid and CO2. We demonstrate that the addition of an alcohol suppresses the formation of CO2 and enhances the formic acid yield significantly to 70–75 %.
FR‐190997, a Nonpeptide Bradykinin B2‐Receptor Partial Agonist, is a Potent and Efficacious Intraocular Pressure Lowering Agent in Ocular Hypertensive Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Sharif Najam A. , Katoli Parvaneh , Scott Daniel , Li Linya , Kelly Curtis , Xu Shouxi , Husain Shahid , Toris Carol , Crosson Craig 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Preclinical Research

FR‐190997 (8‐[2,6‐dichloro‐3‐[N‐[(E)‐4‐(N‐methylcarbamoyl) cinnaminoacetyl]‐N‐methylamino]benzyloxy]‐2‐methyl‐4‐ (2‐pyridylmethoxy) quinoline), a nonpeptide bradykinin (BK) B2‐receptor‐selective agonist, represents a novel class of ocular hypotensive agents. FR‐190997 exhibited a high affinity for the human cloned B2‐receptor (Ki = 9.8 nM) and a relatively high potency (EC50 = 155 nM) for mobilizing intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in human ocular cells from nonpigmented ciliary epithelium; trabecular meshwork [h‐TM]; ciliary muscle [h‐CM] that are involved in regulating intraocular pressure (IOP). Unlike BK, FR‐190997 behaved as a partial agonist (Emax = 38–80%) in these cells and its [Ca2+]i — mobilizing effects were blocked by the B2‐receptor‐selective antagonists (HOE‐140, Ki = 0.8–7 nM; WIN‐64338, Ki = 157–425 nM). FR‐190997 stimulated the production of prostaglandins (PGs) in h‐CM and h‐TM cells (EC50 = 15–19 nM; Emax = 27–33%); an effect that was reduced by the cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor bromfenac, and by HOE‐140. FR‐190997 also induced pro‐matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 and MMP‐3 release from h‐CM cells. FR‐190997 significantly lowered IOP (37% [P < 0.001] with 30 μg, 24 h post‐topical ocular dosing) in ocular hypertensive eyes of conscious Cynomolgus monkeys. This effect was reduced by bromfenac and completely blocked by a B2‐antagonist. FR‐190997 primarily stimulated uveoslceral outflow (UVSO) of aqueous humor (2.6 to 3.9‐fold above baseline). In conclusion, FR‐190997 is a B2‐receptor selective partial agonist that activates phospholipase C, mobilizes [Ca2+]; induces PG and pro‐MMP production, and that profoundly lowers IOP by promoting UVSO in ocular hypertensive Cynomolgus monkey eyes.
Neutral theory and the species abundance distribution: recent developments and prospects for unifying niche and neutral perspectives
Authors: Matthews Thomas J. , Whittaker Robert J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPublished in 2001, The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography (UNTB) emphasizes the importance of stochastic processes in ecological community structure, and has challenged the traditional niche‐based view of ecology. While neutral models have since been applied to a broad range of ecological and macroecological phenomena, the majority of research relating to neutral theory has focused exclusively on the species abundance distribution (SAD). Here, we synthesize the large body of work on neutral theory in the context of the species abundance distribution, with a particular focus on integrating ideas from neutral theory with traditional niche theory. First, we summarize the basic tenets of neutral theory; both in general and in the context of SADs. Second, we explore the issues associated with neutral theory and the SAD, such as complications with fitting and model comparison, the underlying assumptions of neutral models, and the difficultly of linking pattern to process. Third, we highlight the advances in understanding of SADs that have resulted from neutral theory and models. Finally, we focus consideration on recent developments aimed at unifying neutral‐ and niche‐based approaches to ecology, with a particular emphasis on what this means for SAD theory, embracing, for instance, ideas of emergent neutrality and stochastic niche theory. We put forward the argument that the prospect of the unification of niche and neutral perspectives represents one of the most promising future avenues of neutral theory research.
The evolutionary ecology of the Lygaeidae
Authors: Burdfield‐Steel Emily R. , Shuker David M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Lygaeidae (sensu lato) are a highly successful family of true bugs found worldwide, yet many aspects of their ecology and evolution remain obscure or unknown. While a few species have attracted considerable attention as model species for the study of insect physiology, it is only relatively recently that biologists have begun to explore aspects of their behavior, life history evolution, and patterns of intra‐ and interspecific ecological interactions across more species. As a result though, a range of new phenotypes and opportunities for addressing current questions in evolutionary ecology has been uncovered. For example, researchers have revealed hitherto unexpectedly rich patterns of bacterial symbiosis, begun to explore the evolutionary function of the family's complex genitalia, and also found evidence of parthenogenesis. Here we review our current understanding of the biology and ecology of the group as a whole, focusing on several of the best‐studied characteristics of the group, including aposematism (i.e., the evolution of warning coloration), chemical communication, sexual selection (especially, postcopulatory sexual selection), sexual conflict, and patterns of host‐endosymbiont coevolution. Importantly, many of these aspects of lygaeid biology are likely to interact, offering new avenues for research, for instance into how the evolution of aposematism influences sexual selection. With the growing availability of genomic tools for previously “non‐model” organisms, combined with the relative ease of keeping many of the polyphagous species in the laboratory, we argue that these bugs offer many opportunities for behavioral and evolutionary ecologists.
Effects of exercise training on depression in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tu Rong‐Hui , Zeng Zhi‐Yu , Zhong Guo‐Qiang , Wu Wei‐Feng , Lu Yun‐Juan , Bo Zhan‐Dong , He Yan , Huang Wei‐Qiang , Yao Li‐Mei 
Published: May 2014

AimsThe aim of this review is to assess the effects of exercise training on the symptoms of depression in heart failure (HF) patients.Methods and resultsRandomized controlled trials of exercise training in patients with HF and symptoms of depression were identified. The depression data were pooled using meta‐analysis, and 19 studies were identified, with a total of 3447 patients, of which 16 (3226 patients) provided data for the meta‐analysis. Exercise training demonstrated significant reductions in the symptoms of depression [standardized mean difference (SMD) –0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.55 to −0.21], and its antidepressive effect was consistent in a number of HF groups, such as in ages under and over 65 years (SMD −0.14, 95% CI −0.22 to −0.07 vs. SMD −0.44, 95% CI −0.61 to −0.27) and EFs of <50% (SMD −0.38, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.20), as well as in a range of interventional strategies, including the aerobic mode (SMD −0.40, 95% CI −0.61 to −0.19), centre, home, or combined setting (SMD −0.61, 95% CI −0.95 to −0.27 vs. SMD −0.25, 95% CI −0.44 to −0.07 vs. SMD −0.13, 95% CI −0.21 to −0.05), and short or longer training programmes (≤12 weeks, SMD −0.50, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.27; 12–26 weeks, SMD −0.47, 95% CI −0.82 to −0.11; >26 weeks, SMD −0.12, 95% CI −0.20 to −0.04). The beneficial effects were preserved when blind design trials were considered (SMD −0.14, 95% CI −0.22 to −0.07).ConclusionExercise training significantly decreased the symptoms of depression in patients with HF. This benefit remained unclear in cases of HF with a normal EF and combined aerobic and strength training. Random controlled trials are needed to verify the benefit of exercise in these populations, and in very old, asymptomatic, and severe HF patients.
A multicentre cohort study of acute heart failure syndromes in Korea: rationale, design, and interim observations of the Korean Acute Heart Failure (KorAHF) registry
Authors: Lee Sang Eun , Cho Hyun‐Jai , Lee Hae‐Young , Yang Han‐Mo , Choi Jin‐Oh , Jeon Eun‐Seok , Kim Min‐Seok , Kim Jae‐Joong , Hwang Kyung‐Kuk , Chae Shung Chull , Seo Suk Min , Baek Sang Hong , Kang Seok‐Min , Oh Il‐Young , Choi Dong‐Ju , Yoo Byung‐Su , Ahn Youngkeun , Park Hyun‐Young , Cho Myeong‐Chan , Oh Byung‐Hee 
Published: May 2014

AimsThe Korean Acute Heart Failure registry (KorAHF) aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics, management, hospital course, and long‐term outcomes of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS) in Korea.Methods and resultsThis is a prospective observational multicentre cohort study funded by the Korea National Institute of Health. Patients hospitalized for AHFS in 10 tertiary university hospitals across the country have been consecutively enrolled since March 2011. The study is expected to complete the scheduled enrolment of 5000 patients some time in 2014, and follow‐up is planned through 2016. As of April 2012, the interim analysis of 2066 consecutive subjects was performed to understand the baseline characteristics of the population. The mean age was 69 ± 14 years; 55% were male; and 50% were de novo heart failure. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 40 ± 18%. Ischaemia was both the leading cause (38%) and the most frequent aggravating factor (26%) of AHFS. ACE inhibitors/ARBs and beta‐blockers were prescribed at discharge in 65% and 51% of the patients, respectively. In‐hospital mortality was 5.2%, and 0.9% of patients received urgent heart transplantation. Low blood pressure and azotaemia were the most important predictors of in‐hospital mortality. The post‐discharge 30‐day and 180‐day all‐cause mortality were 1.2% and 9.2%, respectively.ConclusionsOur analysis reveals that the prognosis of AHFS in Korea is poor and that there are specific features, including lower blood pressures at admission and lower rates of heart failure related to hypertension, compared with other registries. Adherence to current guidelines should be improved.
Gold Nanoparticles Stabilized by Glycodendrimers: Synthesis and Application to the Catalytic Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Gatard Sylvain , Salmon Lionel , Deraedt Christophe , Ruiz Jaime , Astruc Didier , Bouquillon Sandrine 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAir‐stable gold nanoparticles stabilized by glycodendrimers (AuDSNs) in water were prepared in the presence of a reducing agent, NaBH4. A UV/Vis spectroscopy study demonstrates that no spontaneous reduction of Au3+ ions occurs in the presence of glycodendrimers. The AuDSNs were characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images show that the AuDSNs were very small (average diameter: 2.6 nm). The catalytic activity of these AuDSNs was evaluated for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) by NaBH4 monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Studies of the reduction reaction reveal that the rate constant depends on the concentration of 4‐NP.
From Molecular Magnets to Magnetic Nanomaterials – Deposition of Co7 Single‐Molecule Magnet; Theoretical Investigation of the Exchange Interactions
Authors: Tangoulis Vassilis , Skarlis Michalis , Raptopoulou Catherine P. , Psycharis Vassilis , Dendrinou‐Samara Catherine 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, and magnetic behavior of a new Co7 disc [CoII4CoIII3(Htea)3(tea)3](NO3)2·2CH3OH·1.5H2O (1, H3tea = triethanolamine), which was isolated in high yield in the presence of only triethanolamine, is reported. Magnetic measurements confirmed that 1 belongs to the family of single‐molecule magnets (SMMs), and this is the second example of a cobalt(II)‐based complex with CoII4CoIII3 oxidation levels. A spin‐coating method was used for the deposition of 1 on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates. According to AFM/magnetic force microscopy (AFM/MFM) studies, molecular aggregates were deposited at the center of terraces in a homogeneous distribution. The obtained mean diameter was 21.2 ± 7.0 nm, and the mean height was 1.4 ± 0.5 nm. Assuming that the aggregates can be modeled as a spherical cap, a rough estimate of 74–263 molecules of 1 per aggregate is obtained.
Unsymmetrical Bisphosphines for the Amidation of Aryl Chlorides: A Kinetic Study
Authors: Falk Florian C. , Oechsle Peter , Thiel Werner R. , Daniliuc Constantin‐Gabriel , Paradies Jan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe rate‐determining step of the palladium‐catalyzed amidation of 4‐chlorotoluene with benzamide in the presence of unsymmetrical bisphosphines was investigated. Isostructural [2.2]paracyclophane‐derived bisphosphines bearing dicyclohexylphosphino and diarylphosphino moieties were investigated as ligands in the oxidative addition and reductive elimination by kinetic studies. The reductive elimination was accelerated when a bisphosphine ligand was applied that contained an electron‐rich phosphine group and a less electron‐releasing phosphino moiety. Apart from the reductive elimination, the transmetallation had the largest impact on the palladium‐catalyzed amidation of aryl halides.
On the perceived effectiveness of transformational–transactional leadership: The role of encouraged strategies and followers' regulatory focus
Authors: Hamstra Melvyn R. W. , Van Yperen Nico W. , Wisse Barbara , Sassenberg Kai 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe present research sought to examine when and why transformational and transactional leadership are perceived by followers to be effective. A series of five studies revealed that perceived effectiveness of transformational and transactional leadership is influenced by the fit between leadership style‐driven encouraged strategies and followers' preferred strategies. Specifically, we found that transformational leadership primarily encourages promotion‐focused strategies and, accordingly, creates a regulatory fit for promotion‐focused followers. In contrast, transactional leadership primarily encourages prevention‐focused strategies, creating a regulatory fit for prevention‐focused followers. As a consequence of this regulatory fit, leadership is perceived as more effective and predictive of enhanced effort. By integrating literature on self‐regulation with insights from leadership research, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the leadership process and of interpersonal influences on self‐regulatory experiences. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling palaeosol preservation in aeolian dunes
Authors: Telfer Matt W. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIn some of the world's desert and desert‐marginal areas (e.g. Simpson/Strzelecki, Australia) dunefields preserve well‐developed palaeosols, whereas in other regions with broadly similar climatic regimes and topography (e.g. southwest Kalahari), the dunes are characterized by very poorly developed internal stratigraphy. It has been postulated that dunes such as those in the Kalahari may never have had conditions conducive to soil formation, or that soils once formed but any evidence of palaeosols has been lost due to reworking. This study develops and applies a one‐dimensional numerical model to simulate dune development, soil formation and soil preservation. Variables in the model allowed experimentation on the influence of sediment supply, the time taken for soil to form, and the additional resistance to erosion offered by the soil.Reduced sediment supply plays a vital role in landscape development during periods of initial pedogenesis. Although re‐exhumed palaeosols influence sediment supply, the effect is minimal. Although under almost all parameterized conditions more than half (and up to 80‐90%) of those soils initially formed are lost due to reworking, evidence of their past formation remains in the large majority of profiles, and the dominant factor in controlling the preservation of palaeosols is the frequency of their formation. The implication is that where dunes are found without palaeosols, the most likely (albeit not certain) inference is that they have never formed. Counter‐intuitively, the limited sediment supply means their additional resistance to erosion becomes almost inconsequential to their preservation, at least until the unit approaches complete invulnerability. Short chronostratigraphic hiatuses around palaeosols are normal, and although long gaps can occur, they are extremely infrequent. Where such gaps are observed in field studies, external forcing factors (e.g. climatic or environmental changes) are implied, as they are highly unlikely to result from stochastic net preservation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributional Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of Health Care Programmes – A Methodological Case Study of the UK Bowel Cancer Screening Programme
Authors: Asaria Miqdad , Griffin Susan , Cookson Richard , Whyte Sophie , Tappenden Paul 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper presents an application of a new methodological framework for undertaking distributional cost‐effectiveness analysis to combine the objectives of maximising health and minimising unfair variation in health when evaluating population health interventions. The National Health Service bowel cancer screening programme introduced in 2006 is expected to improve population health on average and to worsen population health inequalities associated with deprivation and ethnicity – a classic case of ‘intervention‐generated inequality’. We demonstrate the distributional cost‐effectiveness analysis framework by examining two redesign options for the bowel cancer screening programme: (i) the introduction of an enhanced targeted reminder aimed at increasing screening uptake in deprived and ethnically diverse neighbourhoods and (ii) the introduction of a basic universal reminder aimed at increasing screening uptake across the whole population. Our analysis indicates that the universal reminder is the strategy that maximises population health, while the targeted reminder is the screening strategy that minimises unfair variation in health. The framework is used to demonstrate how these two objectives can be traded off against each other, and how alternative social value judgements influence the assessment of which strategy is best, including judgements about which dimensions of health variation are considered unfair and judgements about societal levels of inequality aversion. © 2014 The Authors.Health Economicspublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Anticancer effects of anandamide on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells via the production of receptor‐independent reactive oxygen species
Authors: Park Seok‐Woo , Kim Ji‐Eun , Oh Sang‐Mi , Cha Won‐Jae , Hah Jeong‐Hun , Sung Myung‐Whun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol (2‐AG), are considered promising potential anticancer agents. In this study, we examined the anticancer effects of AEA and 2‐AG in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines.Methods and ResultsOur results showed that AEA effectively inhibited proliferation of HNSCC cells whereas 2‐AG did not. The anticancer effect of AEA seemed to be mediated by a receptor‐independent mechanism. Inhibitors of AEA intracellular transportation and transfection of HNSCC cells with fatty acid amide hydrolase, a key enzyme in AEA metabolism, reversed AEA‐dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. We found that cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) did not mediate the anticancer effects of AEA; instead we observed an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after AEA treatment. Moreover, antioxidants partially reversed AEA‐dependent inhibition of cell proliferation.ConclusionThese findings suggest that AEA might have anticancer effects on HNSCC cells by mediating an increase in ROS levels through a receptor‐independent mechanism. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1187–1192, 2015
Transoral laser microsurgery for laryngeal carcinoma: Survival analysis in a hospital‐based population
Authors: Breda Eduardo , Catarino Raquel , Monteiro Eurico 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough already established for treatment for early‐stage laryngeal cancers, transoral laser microsurgery indications for more advanced tumors are not unanimous. Additionally, no outcomes concerning the Portuguese population are currently accessible.MethodsOutcomes of 248 patients presenting laryngeal carcinoma primarily treated by transoral laser microsurgery with curative intention in tertiary referral center were retrospectively evaluated and compared with concerning literature.ResultsFor supraglottic tumors (23 stage I–II and 20 stage III–IV), 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) was, respectively, 88.4% and 72.7%, and the total larynx‐preservation rate was 90.7%. For glottic cancer (165 stage I–II and 40 stage III–IV), 5‐year DSS was, respectively, 96.5% and 90.8% and the larynx preservation rate was 88.3%.ConclusionTransoral laser microsurgery, alone or with neck dissection and adjuvant therapy, is an efficient procedure for treatment of laryngeal cancer in different stages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting transoral laser microsurgery outcomes in the Portuguese population. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1181–1186, 2015