bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Bonding in Metallic Rutile-type Oxides TO2 (T = Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt)
Authors: Demazeau Gérard , Matar Samir F. , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Synthesis routes to rutile-type oxides with 4d and 5d transition elements are summarized. Trends in electronic structure have been established through an analysis in the framework of density functional theory presenting the band structure, the density of states and the properties of chemical bonding. The metal-oxygen bond is found to play the major role in bonding of the system in the valence band. Throughout the series 4d → 5d (RuO2, RhO2, PdO2 and PtO2) the crystal field analysis of the band structure shows a lowering of eg towards t2g manifolds and a broadening of the overall density of states. In the vicinity of the Fermi level the role of the antibonding metal-oxygen character is investigated in the context of instability towards possible magnetic polarization, especially for RuO2.
Low-temperature Properties of U2Co2InH1.9
Authors: Havela Ladislav , Miliyanchuk Khrystyna , Pereira Laura C. J. , Šantavá Eva 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
U2Co2InH1.9, synthesized by high-pressure hydrogenation of U2Co2In, crystallizes in the tetragonal structure similar to the parent compound, expanded by 8.4 %. Although U2Co2In is a weak paramagnet, its hydride shows properties suggesting a proximity to the magnetic order. Its magnetic susceptibility exhibits a maximum at T = 2.4 K, ascribed to spin fluctuations. Magnetization at low temperatures goes through a metamagnetic transition between 2 - 3 T. The specific heat characteristics, with a pronounced upturn of Cp/T vs. T at low temperatures which can be fitted using an additional −T 1/2 term, resemble the behaviour of U2Co2Sn. The γ coefficient of the electronic specific heat, reaching 244 mJ mol−1 K−2, is gradually suppressed by high magnetic fields.
Creating cellular diversity through transcription factor competition
Authors: Göttgens Berthold 
Published: February 2015

The development of blood cells has long served as a model system to study the generation of diverse mature cells from multipotent progenitors. The article by Org et al (2015) reveals how transcription factor competition on primed DNA templates may contribute to embryonic blood cell specification during the early stages of mesoderm development. The study not only provides new insights into the functionality of the key haematopoietic transcription factor Scl/Tal1, but also provides a potentially widely applicable framework for transcription factor‐mediated cell fate specification.
A novel melanoma therapy stirs up a storm: ipilimumab-induced thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Yu Christine , Chopra Inder J , Ha Edward 
Published: February 2015

Summary
Ipilimumab, a novel therapy for metastatic melanoma, inhibits cytotoxic T-lymphocyte apoptosis, causing both antitumor activity and significant autoimmunity, including autoimmune thyroiditis. Steroids are frequently used in treatment of immune-related adverse events; however, a concern regarding the property of steroids to reduce therapeutic antitumor response exists. This study describes the first reported case of ipilimumab-associated thyroid storm and implicates iopanoic acid as an alternative therapy for immune-mediated adverse effects. An 88-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma presented with fatigue, anorexia, decreased functional status, and intermittent diarrhea for several months, shortly after initiation of ipilimumab – a recombinant human monoclonal antibody to the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4). On arrival, she was febrile, tachycardic, and hypertensive with a wide pulse pressure, yet non-toxic appearing. She had diffuse, non-tender thyromegaly. An electrocardiogram (EKG) revealed supraventricular tachycardia. Blood, urine, and stool cultures were collected, and empiric antibiotics were started. A computed tomography (CT) angiogram of the chest was negative for pulmonary embolism or pneumonia, but confirmed a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland, which prompted thyroid function testing. TSH was decreased at 0.16 μIU/ml (normal 0.3–4.7); free tri-iodothyronine (T3) was markedly elevated at 1031 pg/dl (normal 249–405), as was free thyroxine (T4) at 5.6 ng/dl (normal 0.8–1.6). With iopanoic acid and methimazole therapy, she markedly improved within 48 h, which could be attributed to lowering of serum T3 with iopanoic acid rather than to any effect of the methimazole. Ipilimumab is a cause of overt thyrotoxicosis and its immune-mediated adverse effects can be treated with iopanoic acid, a potent inhibitor of T4-to-T3 conversion.

Learning points

While ipilimumab more commonly causes autoimmune thyroiditis, it can also cause thyroid storm and clinicians should include thyroid storm in their differential diagnosis for patients who present with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Immune-related adverse reactions usually occur after 1–3 months of ipilimumab and baseline thyroid function testing should be completed before initiation with ipilimumab.

Conflicting data exist on the use of prednisone for treatment of CTLA4 adverse effects and its attenuation of ipilimumab's antitumor effect. Iopanoic acid may be considered as an alternative therapy in this setting.
Synthesis of Nanostructured Antimony Telluride for Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Zhao Yichen , Sugunan Abhilash , Muhammed Mamoun , Toprak Muhammet S. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThermoelectric (TE) materials have been studied during past decades since they can generate electricity directly from waste heat. Antimony chalcogenides (Sb2M3, M = S, Se, Te) are well known as one of the promising candidates among the inorganic TE materials. We report on the synthesis of Sb2Te3 nanoparticle via thermolysis method. A systematic study was done to investigate the effect of reaction time and ratio between the precursors as well as the method of cooling on the morphology and composition of obtained nanoparticles. The ratio between precursors was varied to study the effect on the morphology. Furthermore, the high purity phase Sb2Te3 was obtained by a rapid cooling process.
Kinetics of L10 Long-Range Ordering in FePd Thin Film
Authors: Issro Chaisak , Pierron-Bohnes Véronique , Pueschl Wolfgang , Kozubski Rafal , Pfeiler Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDue to their high magnetic anisotropy, L10-ordered intermetallics when ferromagnetic bear a potential as high density magnetic recording materials. In their case the c-axis of the tetragonally distorted structure is the easy axis of magnetization. We present preliminary results on the details of ordering kinetics on FePd films (thickness 100 nm) epitaxially co-deposited on MgO substrates. From the observation of so called ‘order-order relaxations’ during isothermal small-step anneals monitored by residual electrical resistivity (REST) measurement we determine an ordering activation energy of about 2.4 eV, which is somewhat below the value of 2.7 eV obtained in a previous investigation on bulk material.
Injection Molding of Polymers and Polymer Composites: Process Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Wang K.K. 
Published: February 2015

For efficient and economic production of discrete parts with any material, it is always desirable to obtain the final product using one process alone, without secondary operations. This is called “net-shape” manufacturing. Injection molding is perhaps the best net-shape manufacturing process for materials that can be handled by this method. For polymers and some of their composites, injection molding can mass produce high-precision parts with complex geometry at very low cost. In engineering applications, some injection-molded plastic parts of intricate shape with tight tolerance can be snap-fitted together for easy assembly, while others can achieve extremely high quality to meet the optical functional requirements for such parts as optical lenses and information-storage disks.Since the oil crisis in the early 1970s, the use of polymers as an engineering material has been rapidly increasing to improve energy efficiency for both the processes themselves and the final products. Plastics still constitute one of the world's fastest growing industries. Polymeric materials and their composites offer various desirable properties including high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, clarity, and others. Among all the polymer-processing methods, injection molding accounts for approximately one-third by weight of all the polymeric materials processed.
ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES ACERCA DO MODO DE VIDA CAMPONÊS
Authors: Simão Camacho Rodrigo 
Published: February 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é o de construir - por meio de revisão bibliográfica e de fontes orais retiradas de entrevistas com camponeses - uma análise do modo de vida camponês que se reproduz a partir da relação terra-família-trabalho. A maneira particular com a qual o camponês se relaciona com a sociedade, a partir da combinação de vários elementos, lhes dá uma condição social que nos permite identificá-lo como um “modo de vida”. Com relação aos camponeses, existem categorias nucleantes que são notadas em todas as suas sociedades. Estas categorias são: terra, família e trabalho. Nas sociedades camponesas formam-se um modelo relacional entre estas categorias. Estas não são compreendidas como categorias mercadológicas, conferindo ao campesinato o status de um modo de vida não tipicamente capitalista. Palavras-Chave: Campesinato. Modo de Vida. Trabalho Familiar SOME CONSIDERATIONS PEASANT WAY OF LIFE Abstract The purpose of this article is to build - by means of bibliographical review and oral sources from interviews with peasants - an analysis of the peasant way of life that reproduces itself from the relation-earth family-work. The particular manner in which the peasant is related with the society, from the combination of various elements, it gives them a social condition that allows us to identify him as a "way of life". With respect to the peasants, exist are nucleants categories which are observed in all their societies. These categories are: land, family and work. The peasant societies formed a relational model between these categories. These are not comprehended as market categories, conferring on the peasantry the status of a typically non-capitalist way of life. Keyword: Peasantry. Way of Life. Family Work ALGUNAS CONSIDERACIONES CAMPESINO FORMA DE VIDA Resumen El propósito de este artículo es la construcción - a través de revisión de la literatura y las fuentes orales de las entrevistas con campesinos – de un análisis de la manera de vida campesina que se reproduce a partir de la relación tierra-familia-trabajo. La forma particular en que el campesinado se relaciona con la sociedad, por medio de la combinación de varios elementos, les da una condición social que nos permite identificar-los como una "manera de vida". Con relación a los campesinos, existe una nucleación categorías que se señalan en todas sus sociedades. Estas categorías son: la tierra, la familia y el trabajo. Las sociedades campesinas se forman por medio de un modelo relacional entre estas categorías. Estos no están incluidos como categorías de mercado, dando el campesinado un status de una manera de vida no típicamente capitalista. Palabras-Clave: Campesinos. Manera de Vivir. Trabajo Familiar
POPULAÇÃO, ECONOMIA E TERRITÓRIO: OBSERVAÇÕES INICIAIS SOBRE CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL E A PRODUTIVIDADE DA MÃO DE OBRA EM GRANDES EMPREENDIMENTOS
Authors: Devides Moreno Lucas , Borges Mamede Bruno , Otávio Cocito de Araújo Luis 
Published: February 2015

Este artigo materializa o início da pesquisa de mestrado do autor principal e pretende abordar a relação a transformação do território a partir das obras de Construção Civil de grandes empreendimentos frente a qualificação da mão de obra disponível e sua distribuição espacial no território brasileiro. Na primeira década do século XXI observa-se um ciclo de crescimento econômico positivo no país e, consequentemente, a construção de grandes empreendimentos no período também aumentou. Entretanto, o ritmo de qualificação da mão de obra, bem com a presença de trabalhadores já especializados nestas obras ainda é muito pequeno frente a grande demanda apresentada pelas empresas nestes novos empreendimentos. Palavras-Chave: Engenharia Urbana, Engenharia Civil, Produtividade da Mão de Obra. POPULATION, ECONOMY AND TERRITORY: INITIAL OBSERVATIONS ON CONSTRUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF LABOUR IN LARGE ENTERPRISES ABSTRACT This article materializes the begging of the main author’s research for his master’s degree and pretends to analyze the existent relationship the territory’s transformation from the Civil Construction of great ventures facing the available workforce qualification and its spatial distribution through Brazilian territory. In XXI century’s first decade its noticeable and positive economical cycle in the country and, consequently, the new great ventures construction in the period has also raised. Therefore, the labor force qualification rhythm, also the presence of workers already qualified in these constructions is still too low by the huge demand presented by the companies in these new ventures. Keywords: Urban Engineering, Civil Engineering, Labor Force Productivity POBLACIÓN, ECONOMÍA Y TERRITORIO: OBSERVACIONES INICIALES EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN Y LA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL TRABAJO EN GRANDES EMPRESAS RESUMÉN Este artículo materializa el inicio de la investigación de maestría de la autora principal y busca analizar la relación existente entre la transformación del territorio a partir de la Construcción Civil de grandes emprendimientos nuevos frente a la disponibilidad de la fuerza de trabajo disponible y la distribución espacial e el territorio brasileño. Observase en la primera década del siglo XXI un ciclo de crecimiento económico positivo en el país y, consecuentemente, la construcción de nuevos grandes emprendimientos en este período también creció. Entretanto, el ritmo de calificación de la fuerza de trabajo, mas también la presencia de de trabajadores ya calificados en estas construcciones aún es muy baja mediante la gran demanda presentada por la empresas en estos nuevos emprendimientos. Palabras-Clave: Ingeniería Urbana, Ingeniería Civil, Productividad de Fuerza de Trabajo.
ANÁLISE SISTÊMICA PRELIMINAR DAS ALTERAÇÕES AMBIENTAIS NA APP DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO DE BAIXO – MS
Authors: Vinícius Rocha Pires Eduardo , Da Cruz Rodrigues Andréia , Martins Brito Rafael 
Published: February 2015

do Parque Natural Municipal Salto Sucuriú, reserva legal de compensação ambiental da PCH Costa Rica e sofre influência direta da mesma. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é indicar problemas e alterações ambientais causados pela ação antrópica desordenada dentro de sua APP, mesmo esse objeto de estudo localizando-se no interior Parque Natural. Com a abordagem sistêmica, foi feita uma pesquisa de campo para analisar as alterações ambientais nesse curso da bacia hidrográfica, analisando sua APP e os processos antrópicos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Análise Ambiental; Teoria Geral dos Sistemas; Bacia Hidrográfica. PRELIMINARY SYSTEMIC ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENTAL APP OF HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN RIBEIRÃO DE BAIXO – MS ABSTRACT The object of this research is the Basin of Ribeirão de Baixo, which is located within the Municipal Natural Park Salto Sucuriú, legal reserve for environmental compensation PCH Costa Rica and is under direct influence of the same. The main objective of this research is to indicate problems and environmental changes caused by human action cluttered inside your APP, this same study object locating within Natural Park. With a systemic approach, a field survey was made to analyze the environmental changes that course watershed, analyzing their APP and anthropogenic processes. KEY-WORDS: Environmental Analysis; General Systems Theory; Hydrographic Basin. PRELIMINAR ANÁLISIS SISTÉMICAS DE CAMBIOS EN EL APP DE LA CUENCA HIDROGRÁFICA RIBEIRÃO DE BAIXO - MS RESUMEN El objeto de esta investigación es la Cuenca de Ribeirão de Baixo, que está situado dentro del Parque Natural Municipal Salto Sucuriú, la reserva legal para PCH compensación ambiental Costa Rica y está bajo la influencia directa de la misma. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es indicar los problemas y los cambios ambientales causados ​​por la acción humana desordenada dentro de su aplicación, este mismo objeto de estudio la localización dentro del Parque Natural. Con un enfoque sistémico, se realizó un estudio de campo para analizar los cambios ambientales que supuesto de cuencas, el análisis de su APP y procesos antropogénicos. PALABRAS CLAVE: Análisis Ambiental; Teoría General de Sistemas; cuencas
RISCOS AMBIENTAIS ASSOCIADOS À OCUPAÇÃO ANTRÓPICA NO ENTORNO DE UMA UNIDADE DE CONSERVAÇÃO
Authors: Aparecida Checon de Freitas Lima Elizete , Buso Dornfeld Carolina 
Published: February 2015

O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise do entorno de uma Unidade de Conservação, localizada na Região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo: a Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Foz do Rio Aguapeí. Por meio da análise da ocupação antrópica do seu entorno, foram indicados potenciais riscos ambientais para a reserva, fornecendo elementos para subsidiar a tomada de decisão sobre a gestão territorial do entorno dessa unidade de conservação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Unidade de Conservação. Reserva. Riscos ambientais. ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN OCCUPATION IN THE VICINITY OF A CONSERVATION UNIT ABSTRACT This paper presents an analysis of the environment of a conservation area, located in the Northwestern Region of the State of São Paulo: the Reserva particular do Patrimônio Natural Foz do Rio Aguapeí. Through analysis of the human occupation of your surroundings, potential environmental risks to the reserve were shown, providing evidence to support decision-making on land management surrounding this conservation unit. KEY-WORDS: Conservation Unit. Reserve. Environmental risks. OS RIESGOS AMBIENTALES ASOCIADOS A LA OCUPACIÓN HUMANA EN LAS PROXIMIDADES DE UN ÁREA PROTEGIDA RESUMEN Este artículo presenta un análisis del entorno de un área de conservación, ubicada en la Región Noroeste de São Paulo: la Reserva Privada de Patrimonio Natural Foz do Rio Aguapeí. Mediante del análisis de la ocupación humana de su entorno, se muestran los posibles riesgos ambientales para la reserva, proporcionando evidencia para apoyar la toma de decisiones en la gestión de la tierra que rodea a esta unidad de conservación. PALABRAS-CLAVE Unidades de Conservación. Reserva. Riesgos ambientales.
O PAPEL DO VAPOR D’AGUA NO SISTEMA CLIMÁTICO
Authors: De Souza Onça Daniela 
Published: February 2015

Este trabalho discute o papel exercido pelo vapor d’água no sistema climático global, com ênfase sobre a maneira como essa substância é abordada nas discussões sobre o aquecimento global antropogênico. Veremos como o vapor d’água atua na manutenção da temperatura terrestre e como são abordados os seus mecanismos de realimentação pelo Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC). Por fim, discutimos esses mecanismos com base na “hipótese íris” de Richard Lindzen, argumento pouco considerado nos debates sobre as mudanças climáticas globais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Vapor d’água. Aquecimento global. Mecanismos de realimentação. THE ROLE OF WATER VAPOR IN THE CLIMATE SYSTEM ABSTRACT This paper discusses the role played by water vapor in the global climate system, emphasizing on how this substance is addressed in discussions about anthropogenic global warming. We'll see how the water vapor acts in maintaining the Earth's temperature and how their feedback mechanisms are addressed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Finally, we discuss these mechanisms based on Richard Lindzen’s "iris hypothesis", argument rarely considered in debates about global climate change. KEY-WORDS: Water vapor. Global warming. Feedback mechanisms. EL PAPEL DE VAPOR DE AGUA EN EL SISTEMA CLIMÁTICO RESUMEN Este artículo analiza el papel desempeñado por el vapor de agua en el sistema climático global, con énfasis en cómo se aborda esta sustancia en las discusiones sobre el calentamiento global antropogénico. Vamos a ver cómo actúa el vapor de agua en el mantenimiento de la temperatura de la Tierra y cómo sus mecanismos de retroalimentación son abordados por el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC). Finalmente, se discuten estos mecanismos basados en "hipótesis iris" Richard Lindzen, argumento raramente considerado en los debates sobre el cambio climático global. PALABRAS-CLAVE: El vapor de agua. Calentamiento global. Los mecanismos de retroalimentación.
TURISMO RURAL E AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: UMA ABORDAGEM DO DISTRITO DE VARPA
Authors: Alves Evangelista Fernanda , Elisa Bressan Smith Lourenzani Ana 
Published: February 2015

Este artigo busca analisar os benefícios e dificuldades enfrentadas pelos agricultores familiares envolvidos na atividade de turismo rural. Utiliza-se de estudo caso realizado no distrito de Varpa, pertencente ao município de Tupã, localizado no estado de São Paulo, com aplicação de roteiros de entrevistas semiestruturadas a produtores locais. Os resultados sugerem que a região tem potencial para o turismo rural, especialmente com base no recurso intangível, a cultura leta. No entanto, o planejamento, infraestrutura e treinamento de agricultores não são suficientes para o incentivo da atividade. O artigo pretende apontar, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, que para alavancar e sustentar a atividade de turismo rural na região faz-se necessária a implantação de políticas públicas que fomentem a capacitação dos pequenos empresários promovendo o desenvolvimento local. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agricultura familiar. Turismo rural. Desenvolvimento local. FAMILY FARMING AND RURAL TOURISM: AN APPROACH VARPA DISTRICT ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the benefits and difficulties faced by family farmers engaged in rural tourism activity. It uses the case study conducted in the district of Varpa, part of Tupa municipality, located in the state of São Paulo. Non-structured research guidelines were used during face to face interviews with local farmers. The results suggest that the region has potential for rural tourism, especially based on intangible resource, the Latvian culture. However, planning and farmers training are not enough to incentive the activity. This article demonstrates that according to the results which to leverage and sustain the activity of rural tourism in the region is necessary to implement public policies that foster the empowerment of small business promoting local development. KEY-WORDS: Family farming. Rural tourism. Local development. TURISMO RURAL Y LA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: UM ENFOQUE PARA EL DISTRITO DE VARPA RESUMEN Este artículo pretende analizar los beneficios y las dificultades que enfrentan las familias de agricultores que participan en la actividad de turismo rural. Utiliza estudio de caso realizado en el distrito de Varpa, propiedad de la ciudad de Tupa, ubicada en el estado de São Paulo, con guiones de aplicación de entrevistas a los productores locales semiestructuradas. Los resultados sugieren que la región tiene el potencial para el turismo rural, sobre todo sobre la base de activo intangible, la cultura leta. Sin embargo, la planificación, la infraestructura y la capacitación de los agricultores no son suficientes para fomentar la actividad. Este artículo señala que, de acuerdo con los resultados, lo que permite aprovechar y sostienen la actividad de turismo rural en la región es necesario implementar políticas públicas que promuevan el empoderamiento de la pequeña empresa la promoción del desarrollo local. PALABRAS-CLAVE: La agricultura familiar. El turismo rural. Desarrollo local