bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Solution of Direct and Inverse Scattering Problems in 1D with a General Nonlinearity
Authors: Harju Markus , Fotopoulos Georgios 
Published: March 2014

Abstract.
We consider direct and inverse scattering problems for a general nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The direct problem is solved by the method of integral equations. The inverse problem is solved by the method of Born approximation. The computation of the Born approximation is carried out using regularization methods. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of these methods.
Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin/PMMA/SiO2 Dental Composites
Authors: Mo Zunli , Zhu Xiaobo , Meng Shujuan , Guo Ruibin 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Epoxy resin/ Thermoplastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/SiO2 dental composites were synthesized successfully at last after the following two steps: polymerization of MMA act as the initiator at this first process. Then the obtained PMMA was incorporated into epoxy resin and SiO2 to prepare the hybrid thermosets. The structural characteristics of epoxy resin/PMMA/SiO2 composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). What is more, the mechanical properties and water solubility of the composites have also been tested. It is found that the stability has been improved after adding SiO2 nanoparticles. In addition, the mechanical properties of composites which were modified by silica indicated that the mechanical properties of materials could be improved after preprocessing of SiO2 nanoparticles in epoxy resin/PMMA composites. Interference of epoxy resin produced magnetic adsorption and chemical reaction with the existence of hydroxyls, ether bonds and epoxy groups. In conclusion, the improvement in surface properties was ascribed to the enrichment of epoxy resin moiety on the surface of the nanostructured thermosets.
Crystal structure of 3-(phenylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one, C14H11N3O
Authors: Kesternich Victor , Pérez-Fehrmann Marcia , Puelles Arturo , Brito Iván , Cárdenas Alejandro , Bolte Michael , López-Rodríguez Matías 
Published: March 2014

Abstract C14H11N3O, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.0506(8) Å, b = 11.362(1) Å, c = 11.486(1) Å, α = 88.137(7)°, β = 87.526(7)°, γ = 89.659(7)°, V = 1179.4 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0581, wRref(F2) = 0.1489, T = 173 K.
Crystal structure of trans-dichlorido-bis(2,6-pyridinediyl-bis(3-pyridinyl) methanone)-κ2N,N'-manganese(II), C34H22Cl2MnN6O4
Authors: Liu Bin 
Published: March 2014

Abstract C17H11ClMn0.50N3O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.542(1) Å, b = 16.186(2) Å, c = 11.652(2) Å, β = 103.160(3)°, V = 1568.6 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0415, wRref(F2) = 0.1069, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylic acid, C12H13ClO4
Authors: Zhang Min , Jia Guo-Kai , Yuan Lin , Yuan Xian-You 
Published: March 2014

Abstract C12H13ClO4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 35.310(2) Å, b = 5.9993(2) Å, c = 22.7422(8) Å, β = 98.692(4)°, V = 4762.3 Å3, Z = 16, Rgt(F) = 0.0397, wRref(F2) = 0.1048, T = 153 K.
Crystal structure of (Z)-4-benzyl-N'-(4-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-piperazine-1-carbothiohydrazide, C20H20ClN5OS
Authors: Mao Bei-Bei , Li Ai-Min , Wan Chong-Qing , Cao Sheng-Li 
Published: March 2014

Abstract C20H20ClN5OS, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.668(1) Å, b = 8.733(1) Å, c = 13.554(2) Å, α = 94.673(9)°, β = 94.73(1)°, γ = 101.841(9)°, V = 995.6 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0410, wRref(F2) = 0.1118, T = 296 K.
The de novo Transcriptome and Its Analysis in the Worldwide Vegetable Pest, Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: Zhang Yu-Juan , Hao Youjin , Si Fengling , Ren Shuang , Hu Ganyu , Shen Li , Chen Bin 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The onion maggot Delia antiqua is a major insect pest of cultivated vegetables, especially the onion, and a good model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of diapause. To better understand the biology and diapause mechanism of the insect pest species, D. antiqua, the transcriptome was sequenced using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. Approximately 54 million reads were obtained, trimmed, and assembled into 29,659 unigenes, with an average length of 607 bp and an N50 of 818 bp. Among these unigenes, 21,605 (72.8%) were annotated in the public databases. All unigenes were then compared against Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae. Codon usage bias was analyzed and 332 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected in this organism. These data represent the most comprehensive transcriptomic resource currently available for D. antiqua and will facilitate the study of genetics, genomics, diapause, and further pest control of D. antiqua.
Acquisition of a Leucine Zipper Motif as a Mechanism of Antimorphy for an Allele of theDrosophila HoxGeneSex Combs Reduced
Authors: Sivanantharajah Lovesha , Percival-Smith Anthony 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn 1932, Müller first used the term "antimorphic" to describe mutant alleles that have an effect that is antagonistic to that of the wild-type allele from which they were derived. In a previous characterization of mutant alleles of the Drosophila melanogaster Hox gene, Sex combs reduced (Scr), we identified the missense, antimorphic allele Scr14, which is a Ser10-to-Leu change in the N-terminally located, bilateran-specific octapeptide motif. Here we propose that the cause of Scr14 antimorphy is the acquisition of a leucine zipper oligomerization motif spanning the octapeptide motif and adjacently located protostome-specific LASCY motif. Analysis of the primary and predicted secondary structures of the SCR N-terminus suggests that while the SCR+ encodes a short, α-helical region containing one putative heptad repeat, the same region in SCR14 encodes a longer, α-helical region containing two putative heptad repeats. In addition, in vitro cross-linking assays demonstrated strong oligomerization of SCR14 but not SCR+. For in vivo sex comb formation, we observed reciprocal inhibition of endogenous SCR+ and SCR14 activity by ectopic expression of truncated SCR14 and SCR+ peptides, respectively. The acquisition of an oligomerization domain in SCR14 presents a novel mechanism of antimorphy relative to the dominant negative mechanism, which maintains oligomerization between the wild-type and mutant protein subunits.
Characterization of Tin Oxide Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Medina G. , Stampe P.A. , Kennedy R.J. , Reeves R.J. , Dang G.T. , Hyland A. , Allen M.W. , Wahila M.J. , Piper L.F.J. , Durbin S. M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe describe the characteristics of a series of thin film tin oxide films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on r-plane sapphire substrates over a range of flux and substrate temperature conditions. A mixture of both SnO2 and SnO are detected in several films, with the amount depending on growth conditions, most particularly the substrate temperature. Electrical measurements were not possible on all samples due to roughness related issues with contacting, but at least one film exhibited p-type characteristics depending on measurement conditions, and one sample exhibited significant persistent photoconductivity upon ultraviolet excitation in a metal-semiconductor-metal device structure.
Thermal Modification of Nanoscale Mask Openings in Polystyrene Sphere Layers
Authors: Riedl Thomas , Strake Matthias , Sievers Werner , Lindner Joerg K.N. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAn experimental analysis of the morphology changes of hexagonally close packed polystyrene sphere monolayers induced by annealing in air is presented. The triangular interstices between each triple of spheres, which are frequently used as nanoscale mask openings in colloidal lithography, are observed to gradually shrink in size and change in shape upon annealing. Top view scanning electron microscopy images reveal that different stages are involved in the closure of monolayer interstices at annealing temperatures in the range between 110°C and 120°C. In the early stages shrinkage of the triangular interstices is dominated by material transport to and thus shortening of their corners, in the late stages interstice area reduction via displacement of the triangle edges becomes significant. At intermediate annealing times the rate of interstice area reduction displays a maximum before a stabilized state characterized by a rounded isosceles triangular shape forms.
Spectroscopic characterization of lithium combustion
Authors: Brockhinke Andreas , Koppmann Julia , Brockhinke Regina , Kellermann Renate , Eckert Helmut , Taroata Dan , Schmid Guenter 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work, the exothermic reaction of the chemical energy storage material for stranded renewable energy, lithium is analyzed in carbon dioxide (CO2) and air. Spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the reaction of bulk lithium pellets of up to 1 g weight. In comparison, power plant applicable combustion of atomized lithium spray was analyzed.Electrical high voltage spark was used to overcome to activation energy of the combustion for the experiments with bulk lithium. The lithium spray was successfully ignited by pre-heating the reaction gases (air and CO2).Radiation temperature of the bulk lithium during reaction in air was calculated to 2260 K. The observed green and red emission of the lithium combustion could be demonstrated in the spectral analysis.In CO2 atmosphere the reaction products were found to be lithium carbonate with little lithium oxide. Beside, lithium carbide could be detected in the reaction product of the combustion of bulk lithium. The gaseous reaction product carbon monoxide (CO), which could be further converted with hydrogen from renewable sources to valuable methanol or gasoline, was detected online by gas analysis.
Evaluating Financial Results at Graphic Apparel Corporation (GAC): The Impact of Accounting Policies
Authors: Phillips Fred 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
This case requires students to evaluate financial reporting practices adopted by a small apparel company. The company's owner/manager has recently taken the business in a new direction, and is asking for help in determining whether the company's existing financial accounting policies continue to be appropriate and how alternative policies would affect the reported financial results. This case will require students to apply knowledge of financial accounting and financial statement ratios to judge the appropriateness of selected accounting policies. This case is designed for use in introductory and intermediate financial accounting courses that aim to develop students' critical thinking skills.
Modelling of textile composite reinforcements on the micro-scale
Authors: Döbrich Oliver , Gereke Thomas , Cherif Chokri 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Numerical simulation tools are increasingly used for developing novel composites and composite reinforcements.
The aim of this paper is the application of digital elements for the simulation of the mechanical behaviour of textile
reinforcement structures by means of a finite element analysis. The beneficial computational cost of these elements
makes them applicable for the use in large models with a solution on near micro-scale. The representation of
multifilament yarn models by a large number of element-chains is highly suitable for the analysis of structural and
geometrical effects. In this paper, a unit cell generating method for technical reinforcement textiles, using digital
elements for the discretization, is introduced.
Effects of Dynamic Stepping Training on Nonlocomotor Tasks in Individuals Poststroke
Authors: Straube Don D. , Holleran Carey L. , Kinnaird Catherine R. , Leddy Abigail L. , Hennessy Patrick W. , Hornby T. George 
Published: March 2014

Background
During the physical rehabilitation of individuals poststroke, therapists are challenged to provide sufficient amounts of task-specific practice in order to maximize outcomes of multiple functional skills within limited visits. Basic and applied studies have suggested that training of one motor task may affect performance of biomechanically separate tasks that utilize overlapping neural circuits. However, few studies have explicitly investigated the impact of training one functional task on separate, nonpracticed tasks.

Objective
The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the potential gains in specific nonlocomotor assessments in individuals poststroke following only stepping training of variable, challenging tasks at high aerobic intensities.

Methods
Individuals with locomotor deficits following subacute and chronic stroke (n=22) completed a locomotor training paradigm using a repeated-measures design. Practice of multiple stepping tasks was provided in variable environments or contexts at high aerobic intensities for ≥40 sessions over 10 weeks. The primary outcome was timed Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5XSTS) performance, with secondary measures of sit-to-stand kinematics and kinetics, clinical assessment of balance, and isometric lower limb strength.

Results
Participants improved their timed 5XSTS performance following stepping training, with changes in selected biomechanical measures. Statistical and clinically meaningful improvements in balance were observed, with more modest changes in paretic leg strength.

Conclusions
The present data suggest that significant gains in selected nonlocomotor tasks can be achieved with high-intensity, variable stepping training. Improvements in nonpracticed tasks may minimize the need to practice multiple tasks within and across treatment sessions.
Return to system within 30 days of discharge following pediatric shunt surgery
Authors: Chern Joshua J. , Bookland Markus , Tejedor-Sojo Javier , Riley Jonathan , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Tubbs R. Shane , Reisner Andrew 
Published: March 2014

Object
The rate of readmission after CSF shunt surgery is significant and has caught the attention of purchasers of health care. However, a detailed description of clinical scenarios that lead to readmissions and reoperations after index shunt surgery is lacking in the medical literature.

Methods
This study included 1755 shunt revision and insertion surgeries that were performed at a single institution between May 1, 2009, and April 30, 2013. Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics were prospectively collected in the administrative, business, and operating room databases. Clinical events within the 30 days following discharge were reviewed and analyzed. Two events of interest, Emergency Department (ED) utilization and reoperation, were further analyzed for risk factor associations by using multivariate logistic regression.

Results
There were 290 readmissions within 30 days of discharge (16.5%). Admission sources included ED (n = 216), hospital transfers (n = 23), and others. Of the 290 readmissions, 184 were associated with an operation, but only 165 of these were performed by the neurosurgical service. These included surgeries for shunt occlusion and externalization (n = 150), wound revision (n = 7), and other neurosurgical procedures that were not shunt related (n = 8). The remaining readmissions (n = 106) were not associated with an operation, and only 59 patients were admitted for issues related to the index shunt surgery.
When return to the ED was the dependent variable in a multivariate regression model, patients who returned to the ED were more likely to be from the Atlanta metropolitan area and to be either uninsured or insured with public assistance. When reoperation was the dependent variable, patients whose surgery started after 3 p.m. were more likely to undergo subsequent CSF shunt revision surgery on readmission.

Conclusions
Of the readmissions within 30 days of shunt surgery, 74.5% were related to the index shunt surgery. Whether and to what extent these readmissions are preventable continues to be controversial. Further study is needed to identify modifiable risk factors that may eventually improve patient care.
Fusing website usability and search engine optimisation
Authors: Visser Eugene B. , Weideman Melius 
Published: March 2014

Background: Most websites, especially those with a commercial orientation, need a high ranking on a search engine for one or more keywords or phrases. The search engine optimisation process attempts to achieve this. Furthermore, website users expect easy navigation, interaction and transactional ability. The application of website usability principles attempts to achieve this. Ideally, designers should achieve both goals when they design websites.Objectives: This research intended to establish a relationship between search engine optimisation and website usability in order to guide the industry. The authors found a discrepancy between the perceived roles of search engines and website usability.Method: The authors designed three test websites. Each had different combinations of usability, visibility and other attributes. They recorded and analysed the conversions and financial spending on these experimental websites. Finally, they designed a model that fuses search engine optimisation and website usability.Results: Initially, it seemed that website usability and search engine optimisation complemented each other. However, some contradictions between the two, based on content, keywords and their presentation, emerged. Industry experts do not acknowledge these contradictions, although they agree on the existence of the individual elements. The new model highlights the complementary and contradictory aspects.Conclusion: The authors found no evidence of any previous empirical experimental results that could confirm or refute the role of the model. In the fast-paced world of competition between commercial websites, this adds value and originality to the websites of organisations whose websites play important roles.
Evaluating the Nutritional Potential of Acacia Sieberiana Seeds (Dc) Growing In North West of Nigeria
Authors: Salisu Abubakar , Ogbadu Godwin H. , Onyenekwe Paul C. , Olorode Omotoye , Ndana Rebecca W. , Segun Olayanju 
Published: March 2014

Concerted efforts in search of alternative sources of protein has grown due to dearth of animal protein in developing countries, as food shortage and poverty become more endemic, people increasingly depend on plants rather than animals for proteins in their diets. This work focuses on untapped indigenous wild savannah tree, Acacia sieberiana (seeds) for its nutritional and economical values. The seeds were collected and processed for proximate compositions, phytochemicals and elemental analysis. The high percentage of crude protein content of 49.7% and absence of toxic elements such as Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (Ar), and very low percentage of Lead (Pb) 0.001ml/g has proven that the Acacia sieberiana seeds are very safe and could serve as an alternative source of protein. The result of the quantitative minerals determination shows the presence of Manganese (3.93mg/g), Calcium (2.02mg/g), and Iron (0.11mg/g). The germination trials of the seeds were also carried out, and the result shows that, soaking, heating the seeds at 600C and even the non treated seeds as well as those planted and mulched gave promising results of the plant’s seeds germination. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) software was used to analysed the significant differences between the treatments at critical value (p≥0.05).
Regional Analysis of Soft Tissue Thickness on Korean Buttocks and Application to Fasciocutaneous Flap Design
Authors: Kim Do Yup , Choi Hyun Nam , Park Jin Hyung , Kim Sin Rak , Kim Hyun , Han Yea Sik 
Published: March 2014

Background
Various shapes and designs of the gluteal artery perforator flap have been used for treating sacral pressure sores and reconstructing breasts. To establish the ideal fasciocutaneous flap design for use in the gluteal area, the soft tissue thickness distribution was measured.
Methods
Twenty-one buttocks of adult Korean cadavers were analyzed through rectangular subfascial dissection. Each buttock was divided horizontally into 10 sections and vertically into 10 sections, and then, the thickness at the corners of the sections was measured. For the sake of comparison and statistical verification with living bodies, computed tomography (CT) images of 120 buttocks of patients were randomly selected. Five horizontal sections and 4 vertical sections were made, and the thickness at each corner was recorded.
Results
According to the dissection and the CT images, the area with the thinnest soft tissues in the buttock was around the posterior superior iliac spine, close to the sacral area. The thickest area was the superolateral area of the buttock, which was 3.24 times and 2.15 times thicker than the thinnest area in the studies on cadaver anatomy and the CT images, respectively.
Conclusions
The thickness of the soft tissues in the buttocks differed by area. The superolateral area had the thickest soft tissues, and the superomedial area had the thinnest. This study includes information on the distribution of the thickness of the gluteal soft tissues of Koreans. The outcome of this study may contribute to the design of effective local flaps for pressure sore reconstruction and free flaps for breast reconstruction.
Free Flap Reconstruction of Head and Neck Defects after Oncologic Ablation: One Surgeon's Outcomes in 42 Cases
Authors: Lim Yun Sub , Kim Jun Sik , Kim Nam Gyun , Lee Kyung Suk , Choi Jae Hoon , Park Sang Woo 
Published: March 2014

Background Free flap surgery for head and neck defects has gained popularity as an advanced microvascular surgical technique. The aims of this study are first, to determine whether the known risk factors such as comorbidity, tobacco use, obesity, and radiation increase the complications of a free flap transfer, and second, to identify the incidence of complications in a radial forearm free flap and an anterolateral thigh perforator flap.
Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients with head and neck cancer who underwent reconstruction with free flap between May 1994 and May 2012 at our department of plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Results The patients included 36 men and 6 women, with a mean age of 59.38 years. The most common primary tumor site was the tongue (38%). The most commonly used free flap was the radial forearm free flap (57%), followed by the anterolateral thigh perforator free flap (22%). There was no occurrence of free flap failure. In this study, risk factors of the patients did not increase the occurrence of complications. In addition, no statistically significant differences in complications were observed between the radial forearm free flap and anterolateral thigh perforator free flap.
Conclusions We could conclude that the risk factors of the patient did not increase the complications of a free flap transfer. Therefore, the risk factors of patients are no longer a negative factor for a free flap transfer.
Cadmium: Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Bright K.C. , Joseyphus R. Selwin 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
As a large, soft, heavy element, the chemistry of cadmium is marked by relatively weak bonding to carbon and other more electronegative atoms. Organocadmium compounds thus demonstrate diverse reaction chemistry. Furthermore, the large size and low valency of cadmium leads to interesting aggregated compounds. The reactivity and structural importance of organocadmium compounds find applications as nonlinear optical and dielectric materials.