bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Identity Functioning in Anorexia Nervosa Across Illness and Recovery Stages
Authors: Croce Scarlett R. , Malcolm Amy C. , Ralph‐Nearman Christina , Phillipou Andrea 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveResearch suggests that identity functioning (i.e., sense of self) issues may be a core feature of anorexia nervosa (AN). We aimed to investigate differences in identity functioning among women with AN at varying illness and recovery stages, and women with no history of eating disorders (non‐ED controls). It was hypothesized that those with current AN (AN‐C), weight‐restored (AN‐WR), and partial recovered individuals (AN‐PR) would show poorer identity functioning than fully recovered individuals (AN‐FR) and non‐ED controls.MethodWomen (334) with AN‐C (n = 74), AN‐WR (n = 90), AN‐PR (n = 19), AN‐FR (n = 22), and non‐ED controls (n = 129) completed online self‐report measures of identity functioning and ED symptom severity.ResultsThe AN‐C group showed significantly poorer overall identity functioning, poorer consolidated identity, and significantly worse disturbed and lack of identity, than the AN‐PR, AN‐FR, and non‐ED Control groups. The AN‐WR group showed significantly poorer overall identity function, and worse lack of identity, than the AN‐FR and non‐ED Controls, and poorer consolidated identity and disturbed identity than non‐ED Controls. Identity scores did not significantly differ between AN‐PR, AN‐FR, and non‐ED Controls.DiscussionDifferences in identity functioning are identifiable among individuals at different AN recovery stages, and thus may represent an important state‐based feature of AN, making it an important area of consideration in treatment.
Utilizing digitized occurrence records of Midwestern feral Cannabis sativa to develop ecological niche models
Authors: Ford Tori , Aina Ademola , Ellison Shelby , Gordon Tyler , Stansell Zachary 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has historically played a vital role in agriculture across the globe. Feral and wild populations have served as genetic resources for breeding, conservation, and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. However, feral populations of Cannabis, specifically in the Midwestern United States, remain poorly understood. This study aims to characterize the abiotic tolerances of these populations, estimate suitable areas, identify regions at risk of abiotic suitability change, and highlight the utility of ecological niche models (ENMs) in germplasm conservation. The Maxent algorithm was used to construct a series of ENMs. Validation metrics and MOP (Mobility‐oriented Parity) analysis were used to assess extrapolation risk and model performance. We also projected the final projected under current and future climate scenarios (2021–2040 and 2061–2080) to assess how abiotic suitability changes with time. Climate change scenarios indicated an expansion of suitable habitat, with priority areas for germplasm collection in Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska. This study demonstrates the application of ENMs for characterizing feral Cannabis populations and highlights their value in germplasm conservation and breeding efforts. Populations of feral C. sativa in the Midwest are of high interest, and future research should focus on utilizing tools to aid the collection of materials for the characterization of genetic diversity and adaptation to a changing climate.
Diet components associated with specific bacterial taxa shape overall gut community compositions in omnivorous African viverrids
Authors: Storm Malou B. , Arfaoui Emilia M. R. , Simelane Phumlile , Denlinger Jason , Dias Celine Alfredo , da Conceição Ana Gledis , Monadjem Ara , Bohmann Kristine , Poulsen Michael , Bodawatta Kasun H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGut bacterial communities provide flexibility to hosts during dietary changes. Despite the increasing number of studies exploring the associations between broader dietary guilds of mammalian hosts and their gut bacteria, it is generally unclear how diversity and variability in consumed diets link to gut bacterial taxa in wild non‐primate mammals, particularly in omnivores. Here, we contribute to filling this gap by exploring consumed diets and gut bacterial community compositions with metabarcoding of faecal samples for two African mammals, Civettictis civetta and Genetta spp., from the family Viverridae. For each individual sample, we characterised bacterial communities and identified dietary taxa by sequencing vertebrate, invertebrate and plant markers. This led us to establish diet compositions that diverged from what has previously been found from visual identification methods. Specifically, while the two genera have been categorised into the same dietary guild, we detected more animal dietary items than plant items in C. civetta, while in Genetta spp., we observed the opposite. We further found that individuals with similar diets have similar gut bacterial communities within both genera. This association tended to be driven by specific links between dietary items and gut bacterial genera, rather than communities as a whole, implying diet‐driven selection for specific gut microbes in individual wild hosts. Our findings underline the importance of molecular tools for improving characterisations of omnivorous mammalian diets and highlight the opportunities for simultaneously disentangling links between diets and gut symbionts. Such insights can inform robustness and flexibility in host‐microbe symbioses to dietary change associated with seasonal and habitat changes.
Ecological niche contributes to the persistence of the western × glaucous‐winged gull hybrid zone
Authors: Geng Xuewen , Summers Jeremy , Chen Nancy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHybrid zones occur in nature when populations with limited reproductive barriers overlap in space. Many hybrid zones persist over time, and different models have been proposed to explain how selection can maintain hybrid zone stability. More empirical studies are needed to elucidate the role of ecological adaptation in maintaining stable hybrid zones. Here, we investigated the role of exogenous factors in maintaining a hybrid zone between western gulls (Larus occidentalis) and glaucous‐winged gulls (L. glaucescens). We used ecological niche models (ENMs) and niche similarity tests to quantify and examine the ecological niches of western gulls, glaucous‐winged gulls, and their hybrids. We found evidence of niche divergence between all three groups. Our results support the bounded superiority model, providing further evidence that exogenous selection favoring hybrids may be an important factor in maintaining this stable hybrid zone.
PD‐1 regulation of pathogenic IL‐17‐secreting γδ T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Leane Charlotte M. , Sutton Caroline E. , Moran Barry , Mills Kingston H.G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe PD‐1‐PD‐L1 immune checkpoint helps to maintain self‐tolerance and prevent the development of autoimmune diseases. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are successful immunotherapeutics for several cancers, but responding patients can develop immune‐mediated adverse events. It is well established that PD‐1 regulates CD4 and CD8 T‐cell responses, but its role in controlling the activation of pathogenic γδ T cells is less clear. Here we examined the role of PD‐1 in regulating γδ T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. We found that PD‐1 was highly expressed on CD27− Vγ4 γδ T cells in the lymph node (LN) and CNS of mice with EAE. Treatment of mice with anti‐PD‐1 significantly augmented IL‐17A‐producing CD27− Vγ4 γδ T cells in the LN and CNS and enhanced the severity of EAE. The exacerbating effect of anti‐PD‐1 on EAE was lost in Tcrd−/− mice. Conversely, ligation of PD‐1 suppressed Il17a and Rorc gene expression and IL‐17A production by purified Vγ4 γδ T cells stimulated via the TCR, but not with IL‐1β and IL‐23. Our study demonstrates that PD‐1 regulates TCR‐activated CD27− Vγ4 γδ T cells, but that cytokine‐activated IL‐17A producing γδ T cells escape the regulatory effects of the PD‐1‐PD‐L1 pathway.
High‐level performances following low altitude training and tapering in warm environments in elite racewalkers
Authors: Krumm Bastien , Vallance Brent , Burke Louise , Garcia Johan , Bouten Janne , Brocherie Franck , Saugy Jonas J. , Botrè Francesco , Faiss Raphael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrent guidelines for prolonged altitude exposure suggest altitude levels ranging from 2000 to 2500 m to optimize an increase in total hemoglobin mass (Hbmass). However, natural low altitude locations (<2000 m) remain popular, highlighting the interest to investigate any possible benefit of low altitude camps for endurance athletes. Ten elite racewalkers (4 women and 6 men) underwent a 4‐week “live high‐train high” (LHTH) camp at an altitude of 1720 m (PIO2 = 121 mmHg; 20.1°C; 67% relative humidity [RH]), followed by a 3‐week tapering phase (20 m; PIO2 = 150 mmHg; 28.3°C; 53% RH) in preparation for the World Athletics Championships (WC). Venous blood samples were withdrawn weekly during the entire observation period. In addition, blood volumes were determined weekly by carbon monoxide rebreathing during altitude exposure and 2 weeks after return to sea level. High‐level performances were achieved at the WC (five placings among the Top 10 WC races and three all‐time career personal bests). A slight but significant increase in absolute (+1.7%, p = 0.03) and relative Hbmass (+2.3%, p = 0.02) was observed after 4‐week LHTH. In addition, as usually observed during LHTH protocols, weekly training distance (+28%, p = 0.02) and duration (+30%, p = 0.04) significantly increased during altitude compared to the pre‐LHTH period. Therefore, although direct causation cannot be inferred, these results suggest that the combination of increased training load at low altitudes with a subsequent tapering period in a warm environment is a suitable competition‐preparation strategy for elite endurance athletes.
Characterization of shale pore heterogeneity and its controlling factors: A case study of the Longmaxi Formation in Western Hubei, China
Authors: Diao Zongbao , Huo Feifei , Li Pengfei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo quantitatively characterize the complexity of shale pore structures and their controlling factors in the Longmaxi Formation of Western Hubei, our study focused on the organic‐rich shale outcrops of the Longmaxi Formation in the Yidu‐Hefeng compound anticline. We conducted tests for shale organic content, maturity, and whole‐rock mineral composition, along with employing high‐pressure mercury injection and low‐temperature gas adsorption experiments. Utilizing the V‐S, FHH, and sponge models, we calculated the fractal dimensions of micro‐, meso‐, and macropores. In the Yidu‐Hefeng region, the Longmaxi Formation is characterized by calcium‐rich shales that are abundant in organic matter. Our analysis of samples revealed a total organic carbon (TOC) ranging between 1.04% and 4.24%, with an average of 2.5%. The Ro values fluctuate between 2.98% and 3.57%, with a mean value of 2.845%, indicating an over‐mature stage from early to late thermogenesis. Constituents such as quartz span from 39.8% to 51.3%, with a median of 44.3%, while feldspar oscillates between 3.8% and 12.4%, averaging at 8.48%. Clay minerals constitute 24.3% to 41.7% of the samples, with a mean of 34.16%. Shale porosity exhibits a segmented fractal nature. For instance, D1 varies from 2.1278 to 2.4056, with a mean of 2.2767; D2 fluctuates between 2.4995 and 2.7492, averaging at 2.6309; and D3 ranges from 2.6835 to 2.9427, centering around 2.8111. These variations indicate the intricacies of the macropore structure. Positive correlations between TOC and maturity with D1 and D2 are evident, whereas a negative association is observed with D3. The collaborative interplay between siliceous minerals and organics mirrors the relationship between the siliceous mineral content and its fractal dimensions, akin to TOC. Clay mineral transformations, due to accumulation and dehydration, predominantly contribute to macro‐porosity, weakly aligning negatively with D1 and D2 but positively with D3. Variations in carbonate and siliceous minerals and their role in primarily yielding dissolution macropores manifest a subtle negative link with D1 and D2 while enhancing D3. Pore volume correlates positively with D1 and D2, exhibits no conspicuous association with D3, and trends negatively. The compaction and transformation processes of clay minerals seem to favor the generation of macropores, mildly aligning positively with D3.
Prediction of storage years of Wuyi rock tea Shuixian by metabolites analysis
Authors: Song Xiaoyue , Wu Zhifeng , Liang Quanming , Ma Chunhua , Cai Pumo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWuyi rock teas of different storage duration have different flavor, bioactivity, and market value, Shuixian is a main variety of Wuyi rock tea. In this study, metabolites composition of Shuixian with different storage years were analyzed using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Quadrupole‐Time of Flight‐Mass Spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS). A total of 1201 compounds were identified, and 104 differential compounds (VIP > 1.5) were determined. Furthermore, the results showed that five compounds exhibited a positive correlation with storage time, such as alpha‐terpineol formate, carnosol, 2‐phenethyl‐D‐glucopyranoside, Ellagic acid, and D‐ribosyl nicotinic acid, while 24 compounds showed a negative correlation, such as Ethyl linoleate, leucocyanidin, cis‐3‐hexenyl acetate. In total, 29 signature compounds significantly correlated with storage time. These findings shed light on the patterns and mechanisms of changes in the composition of Wuyi rock tea during storage and provide a theoretical foundation for distinguishing the storage years.
Human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived hepatocyte platform in modeling of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Zhang Ruiqi , Wei Rui , Yuan Yangyang , Li Na , Hu Yang , Chan Kwok‐Hung , Hung Ivan Fan‐Ngai , Tse Hung‐Fat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimCurrently, SARS‐CoV‐2 is still spreading rapidly and globally. A large proportion of patients with COVID‐19 developed liver injuries. The human‐induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived hepatocytes recapitulate primary human hepatocytes and have been widely used in studies of liver diseases.MethodsTo explore the susceptibility of hepatocytes to SARS‐CoV‐2, we differentiated iPSCs to functional hepatocytes and tried infecting them with different MOI (1, 0.1, 0.01) of SARS‐CoV‐2.ResultsThe iPSC‐derived hepatocytes are highly susceptible to virus infection, even at 0.01 MOI. Other than the ancestral strain, iHeps also support the replication of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants including alpha, beta, theta, and delta. More interestingly, the ACE2 expression significantly upregulated after infection, suggesting a vicious cycle between virus infection and liver injury.ConclusionsThe iPSC‐derived hepatocytes can support the replication of SARS‐CoV‐2, and this platform could be used to investigate the SARS‐CoV‐2 hepatotropism and hepatic pathogenic mechanisms.
When organs collide: A rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Egan Darragh , Reji Rohita , Mitchell Tim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 72‐year‐old man was referred to our Emergency Department with a 2‐week history of melaena. His medical history was relevant for Atrial Fibrillation and Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) in remission on most recent PET. Our patient responded to resuscitative management and then went on to have upper gastrointestinal endoscopic evaluation to elucidate the cause of bleeding. As seen in the images, endoscopy showed a gross defect in fundal wall with evidence of extrinsic infiltration by a large vascular mass‐like structure, suspected to be spleen. Computed tomography (CT) abdomen and pelvis confirmed a gastrosplenic fistula as well as new lymphadenopathy. The findings were in keeping with recurrence of NHL. Discussion at multidisciplinary meeting deemed his gastrosplenic fistula unsuitable for surgical repair. He was managed conservatively, had a nasojejunal (NJ) tube inserted for feeding, and clinically improved on the ward. Our patient expressed a preference not to undergo further chemotherapy, having struggled quite significantly with his initial chemotherapy. He was discharged home 23 days following admission. At this stage, his NJ tube was removed and he was tolerating oral diet. He is currently being managed by the Palliative Care team in the community.
Potassium induced suppression of magnesium uptake and translocation is limited in oat (Avena sativa L.)
Authors: Dölger Jasper Lauritz , Pitann Britta , Mühling Karl H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe main cause of magnesium (Mg2+) deficiency in plants is its competition with potassium (K+). Besides uptake antagonism, previous studies also suggested that high [K+] inhibits root‐shoot translocation of Mg2+. In this study on oat, root elemental analysis revealed an evident but, with further increasing K+/Mg2+ ratio, limited suppression of Mg2+ uptake. In contrast, shoot [Mg2+] showed little or no reduction. This indicated a translocation synergism, as the suppression of the root [Mg2+] by K+ was counterbalanced. Oat thus provides new insights and raises new questions about the interactions of K+/Mg2+, in particular on the role of specific Mg2+ transporters. A better understanding of this interaction may help to counter the worldwide Mg deficiency more effectively.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome co‐occurring with superior mesenteric artery syndrome in adolescents
Authors: Shanker A. Isabella , Li B. U. K. , Kramer Robert E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesBoth superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) may present with abdominal pain, nausea, and emesis – making them difficult to differentiate or determine when they co‐occur in adolescents who regularly use cannabis. Here, we present nine cases of CHS co‐occurring with SMAS and characterize their clinical courses.MethodsPatients admitted at Children's Hospital of Colorado between January 1, 2015, and March 23, 2023, who had both cannabis use (F12.1–F12.99) and chronic vascular disorders of the intestine (K55.1) on their problem lists were identified from the electronic medical record using ICD 10 codes. Nine met criteria for SMAS and chronic cannabis use.ResultsSix of nine patients were female. The most common presenting symptoms were nausea (9), vomiting (9), and weight loss (9). Four patients received cannabis cessation support. Patients lost a mean of 6.0 kg, had an average body mass index (BMI) of 15.61 percentile (17.7 kg/m2) and BMI Z‐scores of −1.5. Symptoms were present for a mean of 19.6 weeks before diagnosis.ConclusionsAdolescents who experience nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weight loss in association with chronic cannabis use and/or SMAS can present with confusing and overlapping symptoms. Our cohort was described as having CHS with co‐occurring SMAS on imaging. Although the etiology of weight loss cannot be definitively ascertained, we postulate that the recurring emetic attacks from CHS led to weight loss resulting in SMAS. Improvement in diagnostic criteria for this population as well as cannabis cessation programming may aid in deceasing morbidity from these co‐occurring conditions.
Leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. kurrat) aqueous extract loaded on selenium nanoparticles protects against testis and brain injury induced by mercuric chloride in rats
Authors: Mumtaz Farah , Farag Bahaa M , Farahat Mennatullah A , Farouk Fatma A , Aarif Moataz Y , Eltresy Mohamed H , Amin Menna H , Habotta Ola A , Alneghery Lina M , Alawam Abdullah S , Almuqri Eman A , Aleissa Mohammed S , Alhudhaibi Abdulrahman M , Al‐Olayan Ebtesam , Abdel Moneim Ahmed E , Ramadan Shimaa S 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMercuric chloride (HgCl2) is poisonous to humans and animals and typically damages the nervous system and other organs. Mercuric chloride exposition disclosed to initiation of oxidative stress pathway can result in a defect in male fertility and testis tissue. Synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were characterized with a diameter range minimal than 100 nm, having the effective sets of the biological matter. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of biosynthesized SeNPs, prepared by leek extract on Wistar rats' testicles and brain.METHODSThirty‐five Wistar male rats (120–150 g) were randomly split into five groups (n = 7), orally ingested with leek aqueous extract loaded on SeNPs, and then the animals were administered with mercury II chloride (HgCl2) to induce testis injury and damage the nervous system.RESULTSThe used dose of mercuric chloride led to oxidative stress damage in the testis of the rats which was evidenced by a decrease in testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels, and an increase in nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and caspase‐3. Also, HgCl2 decreased the levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5‐HT), norepinephrine (NE) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brains of rats. In addition, A decrease was observed in the levels of antioxidant markers, B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2), as well as an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), NF‐κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β and Bax in both testes and brains. Pre‐treatment with leek extract loaded on SeNPs significantly ameliorated testosterone, LH, FSH, PCNA and caspase‐3 levels in the testis and DA, 5‐HT, NE and BDNF in brains. Although the contents of MDA, NO, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, NF‐κB and Bax decreased significantly in both. glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and Bcl‐2 levels were significantly improved in both organs.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that treatment with aqueous leek extract loaded on SeNPs may offer promising prospects for the advancement of anti‐inflammation activity against testis injury and also have a very key role in neurobehavioral alterations as a result of mercury toxicity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
p‐Orbital Higher‐Order Topological Corner States in 2D Photonic Su–Schrieffer–Heeger Lattices
Authors: Bongiovanni Domenico , Hu Zhichan , Wang Ziteng , Wang Xiangdong , Jukić Dario , Hu Yi , Song Daohong , Morandotti Roberto , Chen Zhigang , Buljan Hrvoje 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigher‐order topological insulators (HOTIs) have attracted much attention in photonics partly because of the robust and highly confined corner modes they support. The growing availability of synthetic multi‐orbital platforms has recently stimulated research focus on the interplay between HOTIs and orbital degree of freedom. In this work, the topological properties of the two‐dimensional (2D) Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model with ‐orbital degree of freedom are explored and ‐orbital topological corner states in a laser‐written photonic 2D SSH lattice are experimentally observed. It is shown that the ‐band 2D SSH model is a HOTI, where zero‐energy orbital corner states appear either as in‐gap states or as bound states in the continuum (BICs). Chiral symmetry is sufficient for topological protection of the in‐gap ‐orbital corner states, but not for their BIC counterparts because of the hybridization effect within the bulk continuum. The multipole chiral number is employed as an optimal topological invariant to characterize the ‐orbital HOTIs. The flexibility of tuning the orbital couplings offers an extra degree of manipulation for the BICs, which may be useful for the development of novel photonic devices.