bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding and maternal sensitivity predict early infant temperament
Authors: Jonas Wibke , Atkinson Leslie , Steiner Meir , Meaney Michael J. , Wazana Ashley , Fleming Alison S. ,   the MAVAN research team
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimResearch findings are inconclusive when it comes to whether breastfeeding is associated with the mother–infant relationship or infant temperament. We examined the association between breastfeeding at three months postpartum and infant temperament at 18 months postpartum and whether this link was affected by the mothers’ anxiety and mediated by her sensitivity.MethodsWe assessed 170 mothers for breastfeeding and anxiety using the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at three months postpartum, maternal sensitivity using the Ainsworth Sensitivity Scale at six months postpartum and infant temperament using the Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire at 18 months postpartum.ResultsMothers who breastfed at three months postpartum were more sensitive in their interactions with their infants at six months postpartum, and elevated sensitivity, in turn, predicted reduced levels of negative affectivity in infant temperament at 18 months postpartum. This indirect mediation persisted after controlling for confounders (effect ab = −0.0312 [0.0208], 95% CI = −0.0884 to −0.0031). A subsequent analysis showed that the mediation through sensitivity only occurred in women experiencing higher anxiety, with a STAI score ≥33.56 at three months (ab = −0.0250 [0.0179], 95% CI = −0.0759 to −0.0013).ConclusionOur results suggest that breastfeeding and maternal sensitivity may have a positive impact on the early development of infant temperament.
A Comparison of Zirconia and Titanium Abutments for Microleakage
Authors: Abdelhamed Mohamed I. , Galley Jeffrey D. , Bailey Michael T. , Johnston William M. , Holloway Julie , McGlumphy Edwin , Leblebicioglu Binnaz 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundMicroleakage through the interface has been documented in implant systems with titanium (Ti) abutments. There is a current increase in the use of zirconia (Zi) abutments especially in esthetic zone in where higher risk of visible metal color through the peri‐implant tissues exists.PurposeThe aim of the present in vitro study is to evaluate the leakage at the implant fixture–abutment interface with two different screw‐retained abutment systems at different torque values in a nonloading condition.Materials and MethodsIn vitro study design included four groups (Ti and Zi torqued at 25 and 15 Ncm [N = 8/group]). Microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) was chosen to detect microgap. Microleakage from the implant chamber to the external milieu was evaluated using limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test, while microleakage from external milieu to the implant chamber was evaluated using toluidine blue dye (TBD) and colorimeter.ResultsMicro‐CT images did not reveal any microgap. LAL test showed that there is a time‐, abutment‐, and torque‐dependent increase in microleakage (p = .001) with Zi torqued at 15 Ncm having higher leakage with time compared with Ti torqued at 15 Ncm (p = .002), as well as Zi torqued at 15 Ncm having higher leakage with time compared with Zi torqued at 25 Ncm (p = .01). TBD test showed a nonsignificant increase in microleakage with higher leakage related to titanium abutment groups (p > .05). Repeated torque/antitorque handling differentially affected microleakage (p = .01).ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, there is a statistically significant difference in bidirectional microleakage with time, abutment type, and torque values being major players for leakage from internal implant chamber to external milieu, while the abutment type and time but not the torque value being important factors for leakage from external milieu into implant chamber in nonloading condition. Future studies are needed to determine peri‐implant health around Zi abutments.
Histologic features of granulomatous skin diseases. Part 1: Non‐infectious granulomatous disorders
Authors: Tronnier Michael , Mitteldorf Christina 
Published: February 2015

SummaryGranulomatous disorders affecting the skin belong to a heterogeneous group of diseases. With the exception of granulomas induced by infectious agents or foreign bodies, the etiopathogenesis of granulomatous disorders is still poorly understood. The knowledge of histopathologic changes is of great importance for understanding clinical presentation and disease course.
Combining multi‐receiver electromagnetic induction and stepped frequency ground penetrating radar for industrial site investigation
Authors: Van De Vijver E. , Van Meirvenne M. , Saey T. , Delefortrie S. , De Smedt P. , De Pue J. , Seuntjens P. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe soil at industrial sites is frequently characterized by very heterogeneous properties, which are often related to physical disturbance and contamination. A conventional approach to characterize the soil, with only a limited number of invasive observations, fails to capture the full extent of soil heterogeneity. Proximal soil sensing provides efficient tools to record spatially dense soil information. Nevertheless, because the output of most sensors is affected by more than one soil property, the simultaneous characterization of different soil properties requires the use of multiple sensors. Here, we apply multi‐receiver electromagnetic induction (EMI) and stepped frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) to survey a former gasworks site in a seaport area ofBelgium. We used theEMIandGPRsensors in a motorized system to obtain densely sampled measurements of apparent electrical conductivity, apparent magnetic susceptibility and contrasts in relative dielectric permittivity. Our study shows that the sensors give detailed information on the variation in these electromagnetic soil properties. Interpretation of the variation in terms of the stratification of the soil was hampered by localized anthropogenic disturbances. However, the sensors provided complementary information that enabled the identification, discrimination and accurate location of several of these localized disturbances, including underground utility services such as electric cables, buried structures such as the remains of foundations and contamination by salts. Because these represent typical targets in industrial site investigation, we conclude that multi‐receiverEMIand stepped frequencyGPRprovide a useful set of tools to expedite the investigation of industrial sites.
Gender‐dimorphic regulation of DJ1 and its interactions with metabolic proteins in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Chaudhari Harmesh N. , Kim Sang Woo , Yun Jong Won 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRegulation of DJ1 is associated with a number of human diseases. To determine the involvement of DJ1 in progression of diabetes in a gender‐dependent manner, we investigated its tissue‐specific expression in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic male and female rats in this study. In animal experiments, females showed greater susceptibility towards developing diabetes because of lower insulin secretion and higher blood glucose levels as compared to male diabetic rats upon exposure to STZ. Immunoblotting confirmed sexually dimorphic regulation of DJ1 in various metabolic tissues such as the liver, pancreas and skeletal muscle. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed the location as well as reinforced the gender‐dependent expression of DJ1 in hepatic tissue. Co‐immunoprecipitation assay identified several interacting proteins with DJ1 whose functions were shown to be involved in various metabolic pathways viz. antioxidative and stress defence system, protein and methionine metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, urea metabolism, etc. Using GeneMANIA, a predictive web interface for gene functions, we showed for the first time that DJ1 may regulate T1DM via the JNK1 pathway, suggesting DJ1 interacts with other proteins from various metabolic pathways. We anticipate that the current data will provide insights into the aetiology of T1DM.
The impact of structured plaque control for patients with gingival manifestations of oral lichen planus: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Stone Simon J. , Heasman Peter A. , Staines Konrad S. , McCracken Giles I. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of a structured plaque control intervention on clinical and patient‐centred outcomes for patients with gingival manifestations of oral lichen planus.Materials and MethodsEighty‐two patients were recruited into a 20‐week randomized controlled trial. The intervention was structured plaque control comprising powered tooth brushing and inter‐dental cleaning advice. Control subjects continued with their normal dental plaque control regimen. The primary outcome measure was the oral health impact profile (OHIP) with secondary outcomes of pain, plaque index, mucosal disease score and cost‐effectiveness.ResultsOverall, the intervention patients showed statistically significant improvements in OHIP sum ordinal and OHIP dichotomous scores compared with control. There were improvements in the functional limitation, psychological discomfort and physical disability domains at 4‐ and 20‐weeks and in the psychological disability domain at 20‐weeks. The intervention was successful in reducing plaque compared to control (p < 0.001) and improvements were observed using the mucosal disease indices at the 4‐ and 20‐week follow‐ups (p < 0.001).ConclusionA structured plaque control intervention was effective in improving the oral health‐related quality of life and clinically observed gingival lesions. This study provides evidence to include intensive plaque control within patients’ initial and on‐going management.
Cultivating Foreignness: How Organizations Maintain and Leverage Minority Identities
Authors: Edman Jesper 
Published: February 2015

AbstractScholars increasingly recognize that organizational fields contain minority identities, linked to alternative logics. Extant work has been largely silent on how such minority identities are maintained, and what their implications are for organizational agency. I contribute to filling this gap by examining how organizations cultivate minority identities, and how such identities both enable and constrain agency. Employing the foreignness of multinational enterprise subsidiaries as a particular case of minority identity, I find that managers actively cultivate minority identities by embedding into niche networks, reinforcing alternative expectations, and categorizing themselves into distinct collective identities. These elements of the minority identity enable particular forms of agency – internal experimentation and an external license to deviate – while constraining others – adaptation to the dominant logic and positioning in mature market segments. The findings extend theory by highlighting how minority identities are generated and sustained, as well as their implications for agency.
An Extreme Value Approach for Modeling Operational Risk Losses Depending on Covariates
Authors: Chavez‐Demoulin Valérie , Embrechts Paul , Hofert Marius 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA general methodology for modeling loss data depending on covariates is developed. The parameters of the frequency and severity distributions of the losses may depend on covariates. The loss frequency over time is modeled with a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with rate function depending on the covariates. This corresponds to a generalized additive model, which can be estimated with spline smoothing via penalized maximum likelihood estimation. The loss severity over time is modeled with a nonstationary generalized Pareto distribution (alternatively, a generalized extreme value distribution) depending on the covariates. Since spline smoothing cannot directly be applied in this case, an efficient algorithm based on orthogonal parameters is suggested. The methodology is applied both to simulated loss data and a database of operational risk losses collected from public media. Estimates, including confidence intervals, for risk measures such as Value‐at‐Risk as required by the Basel II/III framework are computed. Furthermore, an implementation of the statistical methodology in R is provided.
Theoretical Foundations for Digital Text Analysis
Authors: Ignatow Gabe 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMuch of social life now takes place online, and records of online social interactions are available for social science research in the form of massive digital text archives. But cultural social science has contributed little to the development of machine‐assisted text analysis methods. As a result few text analysis methods have been developed that link digital text data to theories about culture and discourse. This paper attempts to lay the groundwork for development of such methods by proposing metatheoretical and theoretical foundations suitable for machine‐assisted semantic text analysis. Metatheoretically I draw on the work ofElder‐Vass (2012),Kaidesoja (2013) and others to argue that digital text analysis methods ought to be (and in practice implicitly are) based on a realist constructionist ontology that treats discourses as ontologically real emergent social entities that have causal relationships with non‐discursive social and cognitive processes. Theoretically I followFeldman (2006) and many others in arguing that language is fundamentally shaped by processes of embodied cognition. Researchers developing digital text analysis techniques must theoretically account for such processes if they wish to produce algorithms that can interpret texts in ways that supplement, and not only amplify, human interpretation. I critically survey contemporary text analysis methods that implicitly share these metatheoretical and theoretical positions and discuss some ways these can be further developed with newly available software.
A Method to Evaluate Chewing Efficiency in Infants Through Food Bolus Characterization: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Tournier C. , Rodrigues J. , Canon F. , Salles C. , Feron G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractChewing skills develop greatly during the two first years of life, but the evolution of masticatory efficiency has never been directly measured so far. A bottleneck for such study is the difficulty in using the chew‐and‐spit method with infants and very young children. Herein, we propose a new method based on a model gel enclosed in a food feeder, which has been assessed with adult subjects. Subjects chewed and compressed the gel either alone or enclosed in two different feeders. Analysis of the number of particles and particle area distribution revealed that one feeder, made from silicone teat, interfered with bolus breakdown. However, similar results were observed between experiments in a feeder made from tissue mesh and in natural condition (unbagged). This method allows easy collection of bolus and is infant friendly; it can be used in future experiments as an alternative to chew‐and‐spit method for studying masticatory efficiency in infancy.Practical ApplicationsThis paper proposes for the first time a method that could be used to quantify masticatory efficiency in infants. More generally, the approach based on feeder could be used for collecting boluses as an alternative when chew‐and‐spit is impracticable.
Effector discovery in the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici
Authors: Mirzadi Gohari Amir , Ware Sarah B. , Wittenberg Alexander H. J. , Mehrabi Rahim , Ben M'Barek Sarrah , Verstappen Els C. P. , van der Lee Theo A. J. , Robert Olivier , Schouten Henk J. , de Wit Pierre P. J. G. M. , Kema Gert H. J. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryFungal plant pathogens, such as Zymoseptoria tritici (formerly known as Mycosphaerella graminicola), secrete repertoires of effectors to facilitate infection or trigger host defence mechanisms. The discovery and functional characterization of effectors provides valuable knowledge that can contribute to the design of new and effective disease management strategies. Here, we combined bioinformatics approaches with expression profiling during pathogenesis to identify candidate effectors of Z. tritici. In addition, a genetic approach was conducted to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) carrying putative effectors, enabling the validation of both complementary strategies for effector discovery. In planta expression profiling revealed that candidate effectors were up‐regulated in successive waves corresponding to consecutive stages of pathogenesis, contrary to candidates identified by QTL mapping that were, overall, expressed at low levels. Functional analyses of two top candidate effectors (SSP15 and SSP18) showed their dispensability for Z. tritici pathogenesis. These analyses reveal that generally adopted criteria, such as protein size, cysteine residues and expression during pathogenesis, may preclude an unbiased effector discovery. Indeed, genetic mapping of genomic regions involved in specificity render alternative effector candidates that do not match the aforementioned criteria, but should nevertheless be considered as promising new leads for effectors that are crucial for the Z. tritici–wheat pathosystem.
Molecular typing of Sporothrix schenckii isolates from cats in Malaysia
Authors: Kano Rui , Okubo Miki , Siew Han Hock , Kamata Hiroshi , Hasegawa Atsuhiko 
Published: February 2015

SummaryEpidemiological data on the aetiologic agents of feline sporotrichosis in Malaysia have not been reported, though human sporotrichosis in Malaysia is reported to be transmitted primarily via cat scratch. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first study of the molecular epidemiology of Sporothrix schenckii isolates from cats with sporotrichosis in Malaysia. In the present work, we characterised 18 clinical isolates from cats in Malaysia based on molecular properties, including sequence analyses of the calmodulin gene and the rDNA ITS region and selective PCR of mating type (MAT) loci. In this study, isolates from feline sporotrichosis were identified as a S. schenckii sensu stricto by sequence analyses of the calmodulin gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Notably, phylogenetic analysis of the ITS confirmed assignment to clinical clade D (and not C) of S. schenckii sensu stricto. Therefore, clinical clade D of S. schenckii sensu stricto appeared to be the prevailing source of feline sporotrichosis in Malaysia. The ratio of MAT1‐1‐1:MAT1‐2‐1 in these Malaysian isolates was found to be 1 : 0. This result suggested that a clonal strain of S. schenckii is the prevailing causative agent of feline sporotrichosis in Malaysia.
Filamentous fungal infections of the cornea: a global overview of epidemiology and drug sensitivity
Authors: Kredics László , Narendran Venkatapathy , Shobana Coimbatore Subramanian , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Manikandan Palanisamy ,   Indo‐Hungarian Fungal Keratitis Working Group
Published: February 2015

SummaryFungal keratitis is a serious suppurative, usually ulcerative corneal infection which may result in blindness or reduced vision. Epidemiological studies indicate that the occurrence of fungal keratitis is higher in warm, humid regions with agricultural economy. The most frequent filamentous fungal genera among the causal agents areFusarium,AspergillusandCurvularia. A more successful therapy of fungal keratitis relies on precise identification of the pathogen to the species level using molecular tools. As the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomalRNAgene cluster (rDNA) is not discriminative enough to reveal a species‐level diagnosis for several filamentous fungal species highly relevant in keratitis infections, analysis of other loci is also required for an exact diagnosis. Molecular identifications may also reveal the involvement of fungal species which were not previously reported from corneal infections. The routinely applied chemotherapy of fungal keratitis is based on the topical and systemic administration of polyenes and azole compounds. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the causal agents is of special importance due to the emergence and spread of resistance. Testing the applicability of further available antifungals and screening for new, potential compounds for the therapy of fungal keratitis are of highlighted interest.
Phenotypic and molecular identification of Fonsecaea pedrosoi strains isolated from chromoblastomycosis patients in Mexico and Venezuela
Authors: Carolina Rojas O. , León‐Cachón Rafael B. R. , Pérez‐Maya Antonio Alí , Aguirre‐Garza Marcelino , Moreno‐Treviño María G. , González Gloria M. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryChromoblastomycosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused frequently by fungi of the Fonsecaea genus. The objective of this study was the phenotypic and molecular identification of F. pedrosoi strains isolated from chromoblastomycosis patients in Mexico and Venezuela. Ten strains were included in this study. For phenotypic identification, we used macroscopic and microscopic morphologies, carbohydrate assimilation test, urea hydrolysis, cixcloheximide tolerance, proteolitic activity and the thermotolerance test. The antifungal activity of five drugs was evaluated against the isolates. Molecular identification was performed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA regions of the isolated strains. The physiological analysis and morphological features were variable and the precise identification was not possible. All isolates were susceptible to itraconazole, terbinafine, voriconazole and posaconazole. Amphotericin B was the least effective drug. The alignment of the 559‐nucleotide ITS sequences from our strains compared with sequences of GenBank revealed high homology with F. pedrosoi (EU285266.1). In this study, all patients were from rural areas, six from Mexico and four from Venezuela. Ten isolates were identified by phenotypic and molecular analysis, using ITS sequence and demonstrated that nine isolates from Mexico and Venezuela were 100% homologous and one isolate showed a small genetic distance.
Modular organization of the white spruce (Picea glauca) transcriptome reveals functional organization and evolutionary signatures
Authors: Raherison Elie S. M. , Giguère Isabelle , Caron Sébastien , Lamara Mebarek , MacKay John J. 
Published: February 2015

Summary

Transcript profiling has shown the molecular bases of several biological processes in plants but few studies have developed an understanding of overall transcriptome variation. We investigated transcriptome structure in white spruce (Picea glauca), aiming to delineate its modular organization and associated functional and evolutionary attributes.

Microarray analyses were used to: identify and functionally characterize groups of co‐expressed genes; investigate expressional and functional diversity of vascular tissue preferential genes which were conserved among Picea species, and identify expression networks underlying wood formation.

We classified 22 857 genes as variable (79%; 22 coexpression groups) or invariant (21%) by profiling across several vegetative tissues. Modular organization and complex transcriptome restructuring among vascular tissue preferential genes was revealed by their assignment to coexpression groups with partially overlapping profiles and partially distinct functions. Integrated analyses of tissue‐based and temporally variable profiles identified secondary xylem gene networks, showed their remodelling over a growing season and identified PgNAC‐7 (no apical meristerm (NAM), Arabidopsis transcription activation factor (ATAF) and cup‐shaped cotyledon (CUC) transcription factor 007 in Picea glauca) as a major hub gene specific to earlywood formation.

Reference profiling identified comprehensive, statistically robust coexpressed groups, revealing that modular organization underpins the evolutionary conservation of the transcriptome structure.