bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative affect, interpersonal perception, and binge eating behavior: An experience sampling study
Authors: Ambwani Suman , Roche Michael J. , Minnick Alyssa M. , Pincus Aaron L. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveEtiological and maintenance models for disordered eating highlight the salience of negative affect and interpersonal dysfunction. This study employed a 14‐day experience sampling procedure to assess the impact of negative affect and interpersonal perceptions on binge eating behavior.MethodYoung adult women (N = 40) with recurrent binge eating and significant clinical impairment recorded their mood, interpersonal behavior, and eating behaviors at six stratified semirandom intervals daily through the use of personal digital assistants.ResultsAlthough momentary negative affect was associated with binge eating behavior, average levels of negative affect over the experience sampling period were not, and interpersonal problems moderated the relationship between negative affect and binge eating. Interpersonal problems also intensified the association between momentary interpersonal perceptions and binge eating behavior. Lagged analyses indicated that previous levels of negative affect and interpersonal style also influence binge eating.DiscussionThe study findings suggest there may be important differences in how dispositional versus momentary experiences of negative affect are associated with binge eating. Results also highlight the importance of interpersonal problems for understanding relationships among negative affect, interpersonal perception, and binge eating behavior. These results offer several possibilities for attending to affective and interpersonal functioning in clinical practice. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:715–726)
State Feedback Control Using Particle Filter
Authors: NISHIDA TAKESHI 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYSince particle filters can be used in non‐Gaussian and nonlinear system models, they have a wider range of applications than Kalman filters. In this paper, a construction method for a state feedback control system using a particle filter as an observer for probabilistic state estimation is described. In order to assure robustness to non‐Gaussian noise, a maximum a‐posteriori probability estimation extraction method and an method for evaluation of the effective sample size have been incorporated into the particle filter. The effectiveness of the constructed system was verified experimentally, and the effectiveness of the state observer constructed with the particle filter is demonstrated through a comparison with a Kalman filter.
Control of Balloon Fish Robot Based on Traveling Wave Equation
Authors: HASHIMOTO KAZUMA , UCHIDA MASAFUMI 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYFish have excellent swimming ability underwater. Airship robots capable of performing low‐speed, low‐altitude flight with low energy have been investigated. Airship robots that perform “swimming in the air” in a manner similar to aquatic organisms by combining these features have been investigated and developed. The BFR (Balloon Fish Robot) is one such of type of robot. This paper deals with the simulated motion of the BFR and parameter optimization for the propulsion efficiency of an aquatic organism‐like airship robot propelled by traveling waves. The controlling expression of the BFR is written as a traveling‐wave equation. The equations of motion are defined by means of the controlling expression and the drag force. Comparative simulation and experimental investigation of the forward air speed of the BFR were used to evaluate its validity. The highest propulsion efficiency parameter was investigated by calculating using the experimental air speed, the maximum amplitude of the tail fin, and the traveling‐wave frequency.
Pharmacological inhibition of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 limits reperfusion injury in a porcine model of myocardial infarction
Authors: Lemarié Jérémie , Boufenzer Amir , Popovic Batric , Tran Nguyen , Groubatch Frederique , Derive Marc , Labroca Pierre , Barraud Damien , Gibot Sébastien 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimsLimitation of ischemia/reperfusion injury is a major therapeutic target after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Toll‐like receptors are implicated in the inflammatory response that occurs during reperfusion. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)‐1 acts as an amplifier of the immune response triggered by toll‐like receptor engagement. We hypothesized that administration of a TREM‐1 inhibitory peptide (LR12) could limit reperfusion injury in a porcine model of AMI.Methods and resultsAMI was induced in 15 adult minipigs by a closed‐chest coronary artery occlusion‐reperfusion technique. Animals were randomized to receive LR12 or vehicle before reperfusion (LR12 n = 7, vehicle n = 8), and were monitored during 18 h.AMI altered hemodynamics and cardiac function, as illustrated by a drop of mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, cardiac power index, ejection fraction, and real‐time pressure–volume loop‐derived parameters. TREM‐1 inhibition by LR12 significantly improved these dysfunctions (P < 0.03) and limited infarct size, as assessed by lower creatine phosphokinase and troponin I concentrations (P < 0.005).Pulmonary, renal, and hepatic impairments occurred after AMI and were attenuated by LR12 administration as assessed by a better PaO2 to FiO2 ratio, a less positive fluid balance, and lower liver enzymes levels (P < 0.05).ConclusionInhibition of the TREM‐1 pathway by a synthetic peptide limited myocardial reperfusion injury in a clinically relevant porcine model of AMI.
Muscle wasting in ageing and chronic illness
Authors: Ebner Nicole , Sliziuk Veronika , Scherbakov Nadja , Sandek Anja 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeAs life expectancy increases, muscle wasting is becoming a more and more important public health problem. This review summarizes the current knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying muscle loss in ageing and chronic diseases such as heart failure and discusses evolving interventional strategies.Recent findingsLoss of skeletal muscle mass and strength is a common phenomenon in a wide variety of disorders associated with ageing and morbidity‐associated catabolic conditions such as chronic heart failure. Muscle wasting in ageing but otherwise healthy human beings is referred to as sarcopenia. Unlike cachexia in advanced stages of chronic heart failure, muscle wasting per se is not necessarily associated with weight loss. In this review, we discuss pathophysiological mechanisms underlying muscle loss in sarcopenia and cachexia, highlight similarities and differences of both conditions, and discuss therapeutic targets and possible treatments, such as exercise training, nutritional support, and drugs. Candidate drugs to treat muscle wasting disease include myostatin antagonists, ghrelin agonists, selective androgen receptor molecules, megestrol acetate, activin receptor antagonists, espindolol, and fast skeletal muscle troponin inhibitors.SummaryPresent approaches to muscle wasting disease include exercise training, nutritional support, and drugs, although particularly the latter remain currently restricted to clinical studies. Optimizing skeletal muscle mass and function in ageing and chronic illness including heart failure is one of the chapters that are far from finished and gains future potential for new therapeutic interventions to come.
Heart failure in Southeast Asia: facts and numbers
Authors: Lam Carolyn S.P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSoutheast Asia is home to a growing population of >600 million people, the majority younger than 65 years, but among whom, rapid epidemiological transition has led to high rates of premature death from non‐communicable diseases (chiefly cardiovascular disease) (up to 28% in the Philippines vs. 12% in UK). There is a strikingly high prevalence of stage A heart failure (HF) risk factors in Southeast Asia, particularly hypertension (>24% in Cambodia and Laos vs. 13–15% in UK and USA), tobacco smoking (>36% in Indonesia), physical inactivity (>50% in Malaysia) and raised blood glucose (10–11% in Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand) in spite of a low prevalence of overweight/obesity (21–26% in Southeast Asia vs. 67–70% in UK and USA). Accordingly, the prevalence of symptomatic HF appears to be higher in Southeast Asian countries compared with the rest of the world. Epidemiologic trends in Singapore showed a sharp 38% increase in age‐adjusted HF hospitalizations (from 85.4 per 10 000 in 1991 to 110.3 per 10 000 in 1998) with notable ethnic differences (hospitalization rates ~35% higher in Malays and Indians vs. Chinese; mortality 3.5 times higher in Malays vs. Indians and Chinese). Furthermore, Southeast Asian patients present with acute HF at a younger age (54 years) compared with USA patients (75 years) but have more severe clinical features, higher rates of mechanical ventilation, longer lengths of stay (6 vs. 4.2 days) and higher in‐hospital mortality (4.8 vs. 3.0%). Finally, there is under‐usage of guideline‐recommended HF medical therapies (prescribed in 31–63% of patients upon discharge) and device therapies in Southeast Asia. Large gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed in Southeast Asia include the prevalence of HF with preserved ejection fraction, clinical outcomes, barriers to recommended therapies and their cost‐effectiveness, as well as possible ethnicity‐specific pathophysiologic mechanisms.
National trends in rate of patients hospitalized for heart failure and heart failure mortality in France, 2000–2012
Authors: Gabet Amélie , Juillière Yves , Lamarche‐Vadel Agathe , Vernay Michel , Olié Valérie 
Published: May 2015

AimsThe objectives of this study were to describe annual trends in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF) and HF‐associated mortality rates in France between 2000 and 2012.Methods and resultsHospital discharge data were extracted from the French National Hospitalization Database (PMSI). Mortality data were obtained from the French National Mortality Database. HF events constituting the underlying or associated cause of death were selected. Rates were age standardized using the 2010 European census population as the standard population. Time trends were tested using a Poisson regression model. In 2012, the overall age‐standardized rate of patients hospitalized for HF was 246.2 per 100 000 inhabitants. The age‐standardized rate of HF‐associated mortality was 113.8 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2010. Hospitalized patient rates remained steady between 2002 and 2012, whereas mortality decreased by 3.3% annually from 2000 to 2010. Trends in hospitalized patients and mortality differed significantly between men and women, particularly among the 45‐ to 55‐ and 65‐ to 74‐year‐old age groups, with a smaller decrease observed in women.ConclusionAmong men, a slight decrease in patients hospitalized for HF and a substantial reduction in mortality were observed. Among women, only a large decrease in HF mortality was observed. HF remains one of the leading causes of death and hospitalization in France, particularly in the elderly.
Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reactions with Nitroalkenes: A Case Study
Authors: Barbier Vincent , Couty François , David Olivier R. P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe report on the use of a highly reactive super‐DMAP catalyst in Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reactions of nitroalkenes with ethyl glyoxylate, which result in excellent conversions and short reaction times with, importantly, very low catalyst loading. An extensive study of this particular reaction is presented, which examines all mechanistic and experimental details. Several critical points were hence uncovered that include the correlation between reaction efficiency and Lewis basicity of the catalyst; the double role played by the promoter, primarily as a nucleophilic activator towards the nitroalkene, and as a Brønsted base that triggers glyoxylate depolymerisation. More generally, the limitations in the choice of electrophiles that can engage efficiently in MBH‐type transformations are rationalized by the competition between a productive pathway and a nitroalkene polymerization process. Other aspects of this transformation, used as a case study, are presented in the light of physical organic chemistry.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C2‐Acylation of Indoles with α‐Diketones Assisted by the Removable N‐(2‐Pyrimidyl) Group
Authors: Li Chunpu , Zhu Wei , Shu Shuangjie , Wu Xiaoming , Liu Hong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn effective and practical palladium‐catalyzed C2‐acylation method was successfully developed for the synthesis of 2‐acylindoles. A variety of 2‐acylindoles were readily prepared from N‐pyrimidyl indoles in moderate to good yields. This methodology offers several advantages, which include ease of handling, mild reaction conditions, and use of an efficient and cheap catalyst. In particular, challenging 2‐acetylindoles were synthesized in good yields.
Sterically Congested Chiral 7,8‐Dioxa[6]helicene and Its Dihydro Analogues: Synthesis, Regioselective Functionalization, and Unexpected Domino Prins Reaction
Authors: Hasan Mohammed , Pandey Anita D. , Khose Vaibhav N. , Mirgane Nitin A. , Karnik Anil V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA C2‐symmetric 7,8‐dioxa[6]helicene‐2,13‐diol was synthesized from readily available 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene on a gram scale. A high‐yielding synthetic strategy for the regioselective hydroxymethylation at the sterically most hindered C1 position of diol analogues was investigated. The dioxa[6]helicene backbone with configurationally stable helical enantiomers was synthesized, and these enantiomers were separated by HPLC on a chiral stationary phase. We also observed an unexpected domino Prins reaction. This is the first report of a domino Prins reaction occurring on a helicene. Along with the high‐yielding regioselective functionalization of dioxa[6]helicene analogues, the synthesis of a few cis‐7a,14c‐dihydro‐functionalized helicenoid diols substituted at the sterically most hindered C1 and C14 positions in their racemic forms was explored.
“What Appeals to the Students from My Odds and Ends of Knowledge”
Authors: Martus Steffen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractJacob and Wilhelm Grimm saw science and the humanities as practised in research and teaching as a way of life which could also be highly political. As a result, in 1837 the brothers and five other professors joined together in protest as the “Göttingen Seven”, risking dismissal from their positions and banishment.
The Hour Belongs to the Prizewinners … / … The Day Belongs to the Prize
Authors: Finetti Marco , Unterstell Rembert 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe highest level of scientific achievement, individual degrees of freedom and repayment of the first instalments: the award ceremony for this year' s Leibniz Prizes at the beginning of March in Berlin / A colloquium offering more than just food for serious thought and a celebration that was more than just merrymaking — impressions of the DFG's Leibniz Day at the end of March in Bonn
Contributing sources to baseflow in pre‐alpine headwaters using spatial snapshot sampling
Authors: Fischer Benjamin M. C. , Rinderer Michael , Schneider Philipp , Ewen Tracy , Seibert Jan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMountainous headwaters consist of different landscape units including forests, meadows and wetlands. In these headwaters it is unclear which landscape units contribute what percentage to baseflow. In this study, we analysed spatiotemporal differences in baseflow isotope and hydrochemistry to identify catchment‐scale runoff contribution. Three baseflow snapshot sampling campaigns were performed in the Swiss pre‐alpine headwater catchment of the Zwäckentobel (4.25 km2) and six of its adjacent subcatchments. The spatial and temporal variability of δ2H, Ca, DOC, AT, pH, SO4, Mg and H4SiO4 of streamflow, groundwater and spring water samples was analysed and related to catchment area and wetland percentage using bivariate and multivariate methods. Our study found that in the six subcatchments, with variable arrangements of landscape units, the inter‐ and intra catchment variability of isotopic and hydrochemical compositions was small and generally not significant. Stream samples were distinctly different from shallow groundwater. An upper spring zone located near the water divide above 1,400 m and a larger wetland were identified by their distinct spatial isotopic and hydrochemical composition. The upstream wetland percentage was not correlated to the hydrochemical streamflow composition, suggesting that wetlands were less connected and act as passive features with a negligible contribution to baseflow runoff. The isotopic and hydrochemical composition of baseflow changed slightly from the upper spring zone towards the subcatchment outlets and corresponded to the signature of deep groundwater. Our results confirm the need and benefits of spatially distributed snapshot sampling to derive process understanding of heterogeneous headwaters during baseflow. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atypical Fractures Are Mainly Subtrochanteric in Singapore and Diaphyseal in Sweden: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Schilcher Jörg , Howe Tet Sen , Png Meng Ai , Aspenberg Per , Koh Joyce SB 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

We have previously noted a dichotomy in the location of atypical fractures along the femoral shaft in Swedish patients, and a mainly subtrochanteric location of atypical fractures in descriptions of patients from Singapore. These unexpected differences were now investigated by testing the following hypotheses in a cross-sectional study: first, that there is a dichotomy also in Singapore; second, that the relation between subtrochanteric and diaphyseal location is different between the two countries; third, that the location is related to femoral bow. The previously published Swedish sample (n = 151) was re-measured, and a new Singaporean sample (n = 75) was established. Both samples were based on radiographic classification of all femoral fractures in women above 55 years of age. The distance between the fracture line and the lesser trochanter was measured. Femoral bow was classified as present or absent on frontal radiographs. Frequency distribution of the measured distances was analyzed using the Bayesian information criterion to choose the best description of the observed variable distribution in terms of a compilation of normally distributed subgroups. The analysis showed a clear dichotomy of the fracture location: either subtrochanteric or diaphyseal. Subtrochanteric fractures comprised 48% of all fractures in Singapore, and 17% in Sweden (p = 0.0001). In Singapore, femoral bow was associated with more fractures in the diaphyseal subgroup (p = 0.0001). This was not seen in Sweden. A dichotomous location of atypical fractures was confirmed, because it was found also in Singapore. The fractures showed a different localization pattern in the two countries. This difference may be linked to anatomical variations, but might also be related to cultural differences between the two populations that influence physical activity. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Population pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic modeling of omecamtiv mecarbil, a cardiac myosin activator, in healthy volunteers and patients with stable heart failure
Authors: Vu Thuy , Ma Peiming , Xiao Jim J. , Wang Yow‐Ming C. , Malik Fady I. , Chow Andrew T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractData from 3 clinical trials of omecamtiv mecarbil in healthy volunteers and patients with stable heart failure (HF) were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed‐effects model to investigate omecamtiv mecarbil's pharmacokinetics and relationship between plasma concentration and systolic ejection time (SET) and Doppler‐derived left ventricular outflow tract stroke volume (LVOTSV). Omecamtiv mecarbil pharmacokinetics were described by a linear 2‐compartment model with a zero‐order input rate for intravenous administration and first‐order absorption for oral administration. Oral absorption half‐life was 0.62 hours, and absolute bioavailability was estimated as 90%; elimination half‐life was approximately 18.5 hours. Variability in pharmacokinetic parameters was not explained by patient baseline characteristics. Omecamtiv mecarbil plasma concentration was directly correlated with increases in SET and LVOTSV between healthy volunteers and patients with HF. The maximum increase from baseline in SET (delta SET) estimated by an Emax model was 137 milliseconds. LVOTSV increased linearly from baseline by 1.6 mL per 100 ng/mL of omecamtiv mecarbil. Model‐based simulations for several immediate‐release oral dose regimens (37.5, 50, and 62.5 mg dosed every 8, 12, and 24 hours) showed that a pharmacodynamic effect (delta SET ≥20 milliseconds) could be maintained in the absence of excessive omecamtiv mecarbil plasma concentrations.
Cores of Imprimitive Symmetric Graphs of Order a Product of Two Distinct Primes
Authors: Rotheram Ricky , Zhou Sanming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA retract of a graph Γ is an induced subgraph Ψ of Γ such that there exists a homomorphism from Γ to Ψ whose restriction to Ψ is the identity map. A graph is a core if it has no nontrivial retracts. In general, the minimal retracts of a graph are cores and are unique up to isomorphism; they are called the core of the graph. A graph Γ is G‐symmetric if G is a subgroup of the automorphism group of Γ that is transitive on the vertex set and also transitive on the set of ordered pairs of adjacent vertices. If in addition the vertex set of Γ admits a nontrivial partition that is preserved by G, then Γ is an imprimitive G‐symmetric graph. In this paper cores of imprimitive symmetric graphs Γ of order a product of two distinct primes are studied. In many cases the core of Γ is determined completely. In other cases it is proved that either Γ is a core or its core is isomorphic to one of two graphs, and conditions on when each of these possibilities occurs is given.
Using clustering and dynamic mutual information for topic feature selection
Authors: Xu Jian‐min , Wu Shu fang , Zhu Jie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA good feature selection method should take into account both category information and high‐frequency information to select useful features that can effectively display the information of a target. Because basic mutual information (BMI) prefers low‐frequency features and ignores high‐frequency features, clustering mutual information is proposed, which is based on clustering and makes effective high‐frequency features become unique, better integrating category information and useful high‐frequency information. Time is an important factor in topic detection and tracking (TDT). In order to improve the performance of TDT, time difference is integrated into clustering mutual information to dynamically adjust the mutual information, and then another algorithm called the dynamic clustering mutual information (DCMI) is given. In order to obtain the optimal subsets to display topics information, an objective function is proposed, which is based on the idea that a good feature subset should have the smallest distance within‐class and the largest distance across‐class. Experiments on TDT4 corpora using this objective function are performed; then, comparing the performances of BMI, DCMI, and the only existed topic feature selection algorithm Incremental Term Frequency‐Inverted Document Frequency (ITF‐IDF), these performance information will be displayed by four figures. Computation time of DCMI is previously lower than BMI and ITF‐IDF. The optimal normalized‐detection performance (Cdet)norm of DCMI is decreased by 0.3044 and 0.0970 compared with those of BMI and ITF‐IDF, respectively.