bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A salp bloom (Tunicata, Thaliacea) along the Apulian coast and in the Otranto Channel between March-May 2013
Authors: Boero Ferdinando , Belmonte Genuario , Bracale Roberta , Fraschetti Simonetta , Piraino Stefano , Zampardi Serena 
Published: September 2013

Between March-May 2013 a massiveSalpa maximabloom was recorded by a citizen science study along the Ionian and Adriatic coast of the Salento peninsula (Italy). Citizen records were substantiated with field inspections along the coast and during an oceanographic campaign in the Otranto Channel.Salps clogged nets, impairing fishing activities along the coast. Swimmers were scared by the gelatinous appearance of the salps, and thought they were jellyfish. At the end of the bloom the dead bodies of the colonies, that were up to 6-7 m long, were accumulated along the coast and stirred by the waves, forming foams along dozens of kilometers of coast. The bloom also occurred at the Tremiti Islands, north of the Gargano Peninsula. The possible impacts of such events on the functioning of pelagic systems are discussed.
Accuracy of internet images of glenoid labral injuries
Authors: Freeman R , Ashouri F , Papanikitas J , Ricketts D 
Published: September 2013

Introduction The internet is a convenient source of health information used widely by patients and doctors. Previous studies have found that the written information provided was often inaccurate. There is no literature regarding the accuracy of medical images on the internet. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of internet images of injuries to the glenoid labrum following shoulder dislocation. Methods The Google and Bing search engines were used to find images of Bankart, Perthes and anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA) lesions. Three independent reviewers assessed the accuracy of image labelling. Results Of images labelled ‘Bankart lesion’, 30% (9/30) were incorrect while ‘Perthes lesion’ images were incorrect in 15% of cases (9/60) and 4% of ‘ALPSA lesion’ images were incorrect (2/46). There was good interobserver reliability (kappa = 0.81). Labelling accuracy was better on educational sites than on commercial sites (6% vs 25% inaccurate, p=0.0013). Conclusions Caution is recommended when interpreting non-peer reviewed images on the internet.
Fungal endophytes of the seagrasses Halodule wrightii and Thalassia testudinum in the north-central Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Mata Juan Luis , Cebrián Just 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this note is to communicate the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from living leaves of Halodule wrightii and Thalassia testudinum, two ubiquitous seagrasses in the north-central Gulf of Mexico. Fungi were isolated from surface-sterilized leaf fragments of the two plants that had been inoculated onto seawater malt extract agar. Leaves of T. testudinum harbored slightly more endophyte taxa than those of H. wrightii. Trichocladium alopallonellum and 10 other fungal taxa are new records for H. wrightii. No distinct seasonal pattern in fungal filamentous growth was observed; however, our evidence suggests peak activity may take place in spring.
Structural snapshot of cyclic nucleotide binding domains from cyclic nucleotide-sensitive ion channels
Authors: Schünke Sven , Stoldt Matthias 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide-binding domains (CNBDs) that are present in various channel proteins play crucial roles in signal amplification cascades. Although atomic resolution structures of some of those CNBDs are available, the detailed mechanism by which they confer cyclic nucleotide-binding to the ion channel pore remains poorly understood. In this review, we describe structural insights about cyclic nucleotide-binding-induced conformational changes in CNBDs and their potential coupling with channel gating.
Analysis of Subgroup Data of Clinical Trials
Authors: Tsai Kao-Tai , Peace Karl 
Published: September 2013

AbstractLarge randomized controlled clinical trials are the gold standard to evaluate and compare the effects of treatments. It is common practice for investigators to explore and even attempt to compare treatments, beyond the first round of primary analyses, for various subsets of the study populations based on scientific or clinical interests to take advantage of the potentially rich information contained in the clinical database. Although subjects are randomized to treatment groups in clinical trials, this does not imply the same degree of randomization among sub-populations of the original trials. Therefore, comparisons of treatments in sub-populations may not produce fair and unbiased results without properly addressing this issue. Covariate adjustments in regression analysis and propensity score matching are commonly used to address the non-randomized nature of the sub-populations issue with various degrees of success. However, further improvements to these methods are still possible. In this article, we propose an analysis strategy that shows improvement to conventional methods. Treatment effects and their differences are estimated after adjustment for background imbalances. Treatment groups are then compared using confidence intervals whose limits are determined using the Robbins–Monro stochastic approximation. Data from a recent clinical trial are used to illustrate the methodology.
Influence of a specific, biorhythmically defined physical stimulus on deficient vasomotion in small-caliber arterioles in the subcutis in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Klopp Rainer Christian , Niemer Wolfgang , Schulz Jörg , Ruhnau Klaus Jürgen 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
As part of a placebo-controlled study series on a random sample of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy and trophic skin lesions on the edge of the foot, functional characteristics of the local microcirculation and immune system were measured to check the complementary-therapy success of biorhythmically defined vasomotion stimulation. Over a 30-day treatment period, complementary-therapy success was demonstrated for an additional physical vasomotion stimulation to increase the therapeutic success of established treatment concepts.
Complex force fields and complex orbits
Authors: Contopoulos G. , Bozis G. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- Dainelli’s formulae, that offer the real two-dimensional autonomous force fields giving rise to a preassigned family of real orbits f(x, y) = c, are allowed to provide complex (autonomous and nonautonomous) forces producing both real and complex families of orbits. Numerical and analytical examples reveal that complex motion is taking place, in real time, on the given family. The transition from real to complex and sometimes back to real motion is described.
Complex potentials generating a given family of orbits are also derived by inverse problem considerations.
Stability results for solutions of a linear parabolic noncharacteristic Cauchy problem
Authors: Francini E. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- We study a noncharacteristic Cauchy problem for a linear parabolic equation in one space variable. This problem is ill-posed. We prove that solutions that are bounded in the supremum norm depend continuously upon Cauchy data and the same is true for regular level lines of such solutions.
A numerical method for solving the inverse scattering problem with fixed-energy phase shifts
Authors: Ramm A. G. , Smirnova A.B. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- Assume that the potential q(r), r > 0, is known for r ≥ a > 0 and the phase shifts δl(k) are given at a fixed energy, i. e., at a fixed k > 0, for l = 0, 1, 2, . . .. The inverse scattering problem is: find q(r) on the interval 0 ≤ r ≤ a using the above data. The proposed numerical method consists of a reduction of this problem to a moment problem for q(r) on the interval r ∈ [0, a]. The moment problem is solved numerically, the results are presented.
Inverse problems for multivelocity transfer equation in the plane-symmetric case
Authors: Voronin A. F. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- In this paper we research three inverse problems for multivelocity equation for particle transfer. In the domain where the integral density of the particle flow is measured the inverse problems are reduced to the Cauchy problem for an analytic function. This allows us to establish the uniqueness theorems and to obtain the formulas of Carleman type for solutions of inverse problems in the whole domain of particle transfer.
Analog of the F. and M. Riesz theorem for A-analytic functions
Authors: Arbuzov E. V. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- The analog of the F. and M. Riesz theorem is proved for functions satisfying the operator equation of the Beltrami type. Such functions are called A-analytic. The interest to this class of functions is stimulated by the fact that they can be used for solving a wide class of boundary-value problems for second order elliptic systems of equations and integral geometry problems on the plane
An inverse problem of recovery of the properties of membrane in the acoustic medium
Authors: Blagoveshchenskii A. S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- We consider a linearized inverse problem of determining the density and tension of an unbounded membrane. The membrane is located in the acoustic medium. The properties of the membrane are supposed to be dependent on one spatial variable. The values of acoustic field at a point outside the membrane are taken as the inverse problem data. This problem is reduced to Volterra integral equations, which implies the existence, uniqueness, and stability of solution to the inverse problem.
A Sobolev space analysis of linear regularization methods for ill-posed problems
Authors: Jonas P. , Louis A.K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- The paper provides a general framework for studying regularization methods in Sobolev scales. We show that linear regularization methods can be interpreted as smoothing of the generalized inverse or equivalently as the generalized inverse applied to smoothed data. In contrast to [16] we use Sobolev spaces instead of spaces generated by the operator under consideration. Further we give conditions on the degree of the smoothing based on estimates in Sobolev norms. We also show that the regularization methods form a semi group. Conditions for the order optimality of the methods are provided. Some very useful conditions are presented to guarantee that a mollifier of convolution type builds up a regularization method. Finally we verify the results for the Radon transform as the model in computerized tomography.
Some aspects of the Trotter – Kato theorem
Authors: Hussein A.E. A. , Ito K. , Kappel F. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- The classical proof of the Trotter - Kato theorem also provides rate estimates for smooth initial data. We discuss the possibilities to reduce the so-called smoothness gap for special types of semigroups as, for instance, analytic semigroups. Furthermore, we show that the assumption of stability of the approximating semigroups can be relaxed if at the same time the consistency requirement is replaced by a stronger assumption. Finally, we give a proof for a ‘folk’ theorem for nonhomogeneous problems which repeatedly was proved under stronger assumptions than necessary.
H1-conditional stability with explicit Lipshitz constant for a one-dimensional inverse acoustic problem
Authors: Kabanikhin S. I. , Iskakov K.T. , Yamamoto M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- In the present paper we formulate and investigate a one-dimensional inverse acoustic problem in the form of a nonlinear system of Volterra integral equations. We prove the conditional stability of the inverse problem with explicitly given Lipschitz constant depending only on the depth l and on bounds of the norms of the unknown coefficient and inverse problem data. The proposed technique can be applied to prove the local well-posedness of the inverse problem in L
2(0, l).
Sourcewise representation of solutions to nonlinear operator equations in a Banach space and convergence rate estimates for a regularized Newton’s method
Authors: Bakushinskii A. B. , Kokurin M.Yu. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- We present a class of iterative methods for solving nonlinear ill-posed operator equations with differentiable operators in a Banach space. The methods are based on regularization of the linearized equation by using an appropriate regularization scheme at each iteration. We establish that the iterations converge locally with power rate provided that the solution admits of a sourcewise representation. We also prove that the condition of sourcewise representability is very close to a necessary condition for this kind of estimates.
On inverse problem for a system of equations of elasticity theory
Authors: Anikonov Yu.E. , Yamomoto M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- In this paper we consider fundamental possibility of unique determining of solution to a system of the Lame dissipative equations and six coefficients of this system using usual for such cases initial-boundary information, but assuming that initial conditions are zero (what is essential). The non-uniqueness of solution to the inverse problem is not directly connected with absence of regularity of solution to inverse problem. In particular, the non-uniqueness takes a place even if solution and coefficients are analytic but initial values are non-zero.
Beam-forming for nonlinear ultrasound inversion
Authors: Kowar R. , Scherzer O. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- Common models in ultrasound inversion are based on the assumption that the inspected tissue consists of point scatterers and the spatial responses of the single point scatterers do not interfere. These models offer an efficient way to recover reflection coefficients of point scatterers. However such models neglect nonlinear effects due to interference of spatial responses of point scatterers. It is difficult to estimate physical parameters such as the medium density from given reflection coefficients. In this paper we analyse the estimation of physical parameters with ultrasound devices using beam-forming. The objectives of this paper are two fold: in the first part we simulate the beam-forming process in a medium of piecewise continuous density. The model considered takes into account nonlinear effects. Secondly we recover variations of the density from back-propagated waves.
Action and language grounding in the sensorimotor cortex
Authors: Pazzaglia Mariella 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this article, I will comment on recent advances in the research on the intersection between language and action. On the basis of the argument proposed by Arbib, I will consider an evolutionary scenario according to which language emerged from a basic imitation mechanism devoted to action representation. I will review more appropriate data in patients who present with gesture and language disorders and add it to behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging evidence that suggests that specialized sensorimotor circuits underlie action processing and may ultimately even ground complex aspects of language. Finally, in the last part of the article, I will discuss some of the future research on the interwoven processes of production and comprehension that are involved in the predictive mechanisms of action and language.
Capitalism, International Investment Law and the Development Conundrum
Authors: Schwartz Priscilla 
Published: September 2013

AbstractInternational investments in developing countries are fraught with varied influences, competing interests and contestations about their contribution to development. This article examines the main vehicle of foreign investment – international investment law (IIAs) – to ascertain its role as a development tool particularly for developing African states. It uses theories and legal analysis of capitalism and development, to argue that IIAs represent forms of capital, capitalisation and growth processes as development – “capitalist growth development investment” (DFDI). It argues that FDI literature erroneously propagate the construction and framing of investment capital and promote the intangible assets of transnational corporations as the most important factor in FDI’s growth propensity for developing host states. It shows how this flaw roots IIAs, especially BITs in capitalism, capitalisation of assets and entitlement rights as the factors of growth needing substantive protection, but neglects the relational effect of growth development as a contribution of foreign investments to the developing host states. This contrasts with the broader development orientation of African economic cooperation and preferential trade and investment agreements, creating thereby the potential for conflicts between various investment regimes on the concept of development. The article calls for a new rationality in defining investment capital, which encourages the application of the economic concept of “asset” or “capital” to LDCs natural resources that may form the subject of investments. This will facilitate their “transnationalisation” and “capitalisation” and invariably enhance and protect their growth potential, including through IIAs. It also entails suggestions on how developing host states can protect the broader development contribution of IIAs.
Effect of processing technology on the morphological, mechanical and electrical properties of conductive polymer composites
Authors: Király Anett , Ronkay Ferenc 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Conducting carbon/polypropylene (PP) and carbon/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) composites containing crystalline natural graphite and carbon black (CB) were prepared by compression and injection molding. The effect of the processing technology on the electrical, mechanical, and morphological properties was investigated. Determination of the constant torque at the end of the mixing process and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements showed that graphite had better connectivity with the more polar matrix (PBT) than with the less polar one (PP). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed that compression molding results in a homogeneous structure, while injection molding results in a skin-core structure with different orientations. Layered electrical conductivity studies showed that the electrical conductivity of the compression molded samples did not change along the thickness of the sample, while that of the injection molded samples changed throughout the material, which is due to the different structures developed with each type of processing.
Ultrastructure of Prothoracic Pore Structures of Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) Native to Jilin, China
Authors: Li Yan , Meng Qingfan , Sweeney Jon , Gao Wentao 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In the longhorn beetle subfamily, Cerambycinae, the presence of pore fields on the prothorax of males has been shown to be associated with the production of sex or aggregation pheromones in several species. Adult specimens of nine Cerambycine species in the Tribe Clytini native to the Jilin province (Chlorophorus sexmaculatus (Kraatz), Chlorophorus sulcaticeps Pic, Chlorophorus motschulskyi (Gangl), Cyrtoclytus capra Germar, Plagionotus pulcher Blessig, Rhaphuma acutivittis (Kraatz), Xylotrechus clarinus Bates, Xylotrechus rusticus L., and Xylotrechus cuneipennis (Kraatz)) were examined for the presence and distribution of prothoracic pore fields, by using scanning electron microscopy. For all nine species examined, porous indentations were present on the pleura or both pleura and tergum of males and were absent on females. Porous indentations on the prothorax of males varied significantly among species in both mean density (1.4–7.8 pores per 10,000 µm2) and diameter (2.0–16.5 µm). These results led us to hypothesize that males of these species emit sex or aggregation pheromones and that additional research to test this hypothesis and develop pheromone-based tools for their survey and monitoring is warranted.
The Controversial Role of Chemoradiation for Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Faris Jason E. , Wo Jennifer Y. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Presentation of the Case
A 58-year-old woman presents with 2 months of back discomfort. Abdominal computed tomography reveals a 5-cm mass in the body of the pancreas with no obvious metastatic disease. The tumor surrounds the celiac artery, and the superior mesenteric vein is obliterated. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration shows adenocarcinoma, positive cytokeratin 7, positive carbohydrate antigen 19–9, and negative cytokeratin 20. She receives 4 months of FOLFIRINOX, with resolution of symptoms and a reduction in the size of the tumor, but the tumor continues to demonstrate superior mesenteric artery encasement and superior mesenteric vein obliteration. Should this patient continue chemotherapy or initiate chemoradiation at this juncture?
A single-phase induction motor operating as a self-excited induction generator
Authors: Leicht Aleksander , Makowski Krzysztof 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The purpose of the paper is the investigation of possibility of utilization of a single-phase induction machine, designed and normally operating as a single-phase capacitor induction motor, as a self-excited single-phase induction generator, which can be used to generate electrical energy from non-conventional energy sources. The paper presents dq model of the self-excited single-phase induction generator for dynamic characteristics simulation and steady-state model based on double revolving field theory with two phase symmetrical components - a forward and backward revolving field for performance of the generator under resistive load. Excitation and load characteristics obtained by simulation showed considerable influence of method of capacitor configuration in the load stator winding on terminal voltage, current and output power of the generator under load. An specific construction of the stator windings together with capacitor requirements to obtain nominal output power at desired self-regulating terminal voltage over the operating range will be the aim of further research.
Influence of electrical steel sheet textures on their magnetization curves
Authors: Mazgaj Witold , Warzecha Adam 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The Goss texture is a characteristic feature of grain-oriented transformer steel sheets. Generator sheets, which are produced as non-oriented steel sheets, should have isotropic features. However, measurement results of generator sheets, confirmed by crystallographic studies, indicate that these sheets are characterized by certain, quite significant anisotropy. The first purpose of this paper is to present the influence of textures of generator and transformer steel sheets on their magnetization characteristics. The second aim is to propose a method which takes into account the sheet textures in the calculations of magnetization curves. In calculations of magnetization processes in electrical steel sheets, models in which the plane of a sheet sample is divided into an assumed number of specified directions are used. To each direction a certain hysteresis loop, the so-called direction hysteresis, is assigned. The parameters of these direction hystereses depend, among other things, on the texture type in these steel sheets. This paper discusses the method which calculates the parameters of these direction hystereses taking into account the given sheet texture. The proposed method gives a possibility of determining the magnetization characteristics for any direction of the field intensity changes.