bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpacking Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation using simulations and relating current flow to reported motions: Comparison across common and specialized electrode placements
Authors: Truong Dennis Q. , Thomas Chris , Ira Sanjidah , Valter Yishai , Clark Torin K. , Datta Abhishek 
Published: August 2024

Background
Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) is a non-invasive electrical stimulation technique that is typically used to probe the vestibular system. When using direct current or very low frequency sine, GVS causes postural sway or perception of illusory (virtual) motions. GVS is commonly delivered using two electrodes placed at the mastoids, however, placements involving additional electrodes / locations have been employed. Our objective was to systematically evaluate all known GVS electrode placements, compare induced current flow, and how it relates to the archetypal sway and virtual motions. The ultimate goal is to help users in having a better understanding of the effects of different placements.

Methods
We simulated seven GVS electrode placements with same total injected current using an ultra-high resolution model. Induced electric field (EF) patterns at the cortical and the level of vestibular organs (left and right) were determined. A range of current flow metrics including potential factors such as inter-electrode separation, percentage of current entering the cranial cavity, and symmetricity were calculated. Finally, we relate current flow to reported GVS motions.

Results
As expected, current flow patterns are electrode placement specific. Placements with two electrodes generally result in higher EF magnitude. Placements with four electrodes result in lower percentage of current entering the cranial cavity. Symmetric placements do not result in similar EF values in the left and the right organs respectively- highlighting inherent anatomical asymmetry of the human head. Asymmetric placements were found to induce as much as ~3-fold higher EF in one organ over the other. The percentage of current entering the cranial cavity varies between ~15% and ~40% depending on the placement.

Conclusions
We expect our study to advance understanding of GVS and provide insight on probable mechanism of action of a certain electrode placement choice. The dataset generated across several metrics will support hypothesis testing relating empirical outcomes to current flow patterns. Further, the differences in current flow will guide stimulation strategy (what placement and how much scalp current to use) and facilitate a quantitatively informed rational / optimal decision.
The commuting graph of a solvable 𝐴-group
Authors: Carleton Rachel , Lewis Mark L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Let 𝐺 be a finite group.
Recall that an 𝐴-group is a group whose Sylow subgroups are all abelian.
In this paper, we investigate the upper bound on the diameter of the commuting graph of a solvable 𝐴-group.
Assuming that the commuting graph is connected, we show when the derived length of 𝐺 is 2, the diameter of the commuting graph will be at most 4.
In the general case, we show that the diameter of the commuting graph will be at most 6.
In both cases, examples are provided to show that the upper bound of the commuting graph cannot be improved.
Effects of E-learning Technologies on Librarians’ Sustainable Competence Development and Smart Library Services: Empirical Evidence from 244 Universities’ Librarians
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Ahmad Khan Shakeel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of e-learning technologies on librarians’ sustainable competence development and smart library services. This study used a quantitative research design for addressing the objectives. The population consisted of librarians from the public and private sector universities (n = 244) of Pakistan. The data were analyzed by using Smart PLS. E-learning technologies was the independent variable while sustainable competence development and smart library services were dependent variables that further consisted of various constructs and items. A significant impact of e-learning technologies was found on all the sub-constructs of sustainable competence development and smart library services. Findings revealed that e-learning technologies turn librarians into skilled assets and innovative sustainable smart library services are implemented.
Constructing a prognostic model for colon cancer patients on basis of coagulation genes enriched in cancer-associated fibroblasts to guide personalized immunotherapy
Authors: Gao Rui , Zhou Qing , Hu Shangshang , Qin Jian , Xiao Qianni , Pan Yuqin , Sun Huiling , Chen Xiaoxiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Colon cancer is a global health challenge. This research is designed to build a prognostic model that can personalize the guidance of immunotherapy among colon cancer patients.

Methods
Coagulation-associated prognostic genes which were subsequently integrated into a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator algorithm for constructing a prognostic model were identified with the univariate Cox analyses. The potential of coagulation-related risk score (CRRS) in prognosis and immunotherapy outcomes was rigorously assessed. Finally, the cellular origin of genes in the CRRS model was explored with single-cell RNA-seq data, and the biological functions of core genes were further confirmed by cell function experiments.

Results
Our findings showed the CRRS model usefully classified patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. High-risk patients exhibited worse total survival. A nomogram was subsequently devised, enabling quantitative survival prediction by incorporating CRRS, age, sex, and TNM stage. Moreover, the CRRS model predicted the extent of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) infiltration. The analysis further indicated diminished immune responsiveness in high-risk patients, and single-cell data analysis pinpointed TIMP1+ CAF as a potential contributor to cancer progression.

Conclusions
The CRRS model can be adopted as a prognostic device for colon cancer patients and low-risk patients are more suitable for treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. TIMP1 secreted by CAF can promote the malignant progression of colon cancer.
The case of the disappearing energy: potential energies in concentration gradients
Authors: Hansen Lee D. , Woodfield Brian F. , Tolley H. Dennis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper reviews observations on processes involving concentration gradients to show that (1) Concentration gradients can do external work during discharge if the system is arranged in a manner that requires it. (2) Work has to be done on the system (i.e. energy has to be added) to create a concentration gradient. (3) Concentration gradients can spontaneously discharge with no change in energy except interaction energy. These three observations are significant since, together, these observations demonstrate an apparent violation of the law of conservation of energy which is resolved by proposing that a probability field is a common element for all concentration gradients. This paper thus introduces two new concepts into thermodynamics: (1) Many spontaneous processes occur because of an increase in probability, not because of a decrease in the energy state of the system. (2) Concentration gradients coincide with a probability field and a constraint-dependent and temperature-dependent potential energy.
A sawtooth constitutive model describing strain hardening and multiple cracking of ECC under uniaxial tension
Authors: Li Lingyu , Chen Hongkang , Yu Hongfa , Ma Haiyan , Fan Haotian , Chen Xiaoqing , Gao Yuning 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
By collecting engineered cementitious composite (ECC) uniaxial tensile experimental research data, aiming at the multiple cracking characteristics of the strain hardening stage of the ECC stress–strain curve, a theoretical model describing the constitutive relationship of the ECC uniaxial tensile stress–strain – the multiple cracking sawtooth model – is proposed. Several model parameters were obtained with the fitting analysis of many ECC uniaxial tensile stress–strain curves. The application conditions and influencing factors of the three-order multi-crack “sawtooth” model of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-ECC and polyethylene (PE)-ECC and the four-order multi-crack “sawtooth” model of PVA-ECC are studied. The result shows that the higher the fiber reinforcement index, the better the tensile properties of ECC. The fiber reinforcement index is linearly correlated with the initial crack stress and ultimate tensile stress of PVA-ECC and with the ultimate tensile stress and ultimate tensile strain of PE-ECC. The characteristic points of PVA-ECC in the multi-crack cracking stage are as follows: the greater the initial cracking strain, the smaller the ultimate tensile strain, showing an exponential correlation; The greater the initial cracking stress is, the greater the ultimate tensile stress is, and the two are linearly correlated.
The Symbolic Significance of the Sacrifice of Thanksgiving
Authors: Him Ko Ming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
According to Leviticus 7:12–15, the sacrifice of thanksgiving involved three kinds of unleavened bread (Lev 7:12), and prohibited anyone from leaving any of its flesh until morning (Lev 7:15). This article proposes that this dual requirement was intended to provide a symbolic link to the Passover meal (Exod 12:8–10), which acknowledged God’s salvation of his people from bondage and slavery. This symbolic significance is confirmed through an examination of the use of the term »the sacrifice of thanksgiving« in the Psalter, in which the thanksgiving offering usually serves as a response to God’s rescue from distress and as an expression of praise for God’s salvation. This comparison aids our understanding of the symbolic significance of the thanksgiving offering in relation to the remembrance of the Exodus event.
La selección de ofrendas de vasijas en dos contextos funerarios Mochica Medio de Huaca el Pueblo - Úcupe, valle de Zaña, Costa Norte del Perú
Authors: Bryan Díaz Bryan Daniel Joaquín 
Published: August 2024

Archaeological research on Moche funerary contexts on the North Coast of Peru has focused on establishing the Moche social hierarchy, identifying rulers, priests or warriors according to the sumptuous objects displayed by the buried figures. However, the offerings of vessels, usually grouped around the deceased, which have been intentionally selected, have not been studied. This research aims to determine the social implications in the selection of offerings from vessels from Tombs 1 and 3 of Huaca el Pueblo-Úcupe. Two elite funerary contexts from the Middle Mochica phase, containing an adult man and an infant with 56 and 28 complete vessel offerings respectively. Through a morphological and decorative analysis, we conclude that the selection of vessels was made according to social canons of identity and religion.
Optimizing Pediatric Rapid Response Teams: Stakeholder Focus Groups
Authors: Phelps Kayla B. , Pliakas Maria , Coughlin Anisha K. , McKissic Devin , Rappaport Leah , Carlton Erin F. 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES
Rapid response teams (RRTs) can improve outcomes in both adult and pediatric hospitals. Most pediatric hospitals have RRT-type systems; however, little is known about stakeholders’ perspectives regarding how to optimize RRT quality and efficiency. We aimed to better understand multidisciplinary stakeholder perspectives on how to improve the RRT process.

METHODS
We held 4 stakeholder focus groups including floor nurses, pediatric trainees (interns and residents), pediatric hospitalists, and the responding PICU team (PICU fellows and nurses). We used deductive coding to identify potential solutions and subsequent themes.

RESULTS
Focus groups identified 10 potential solutions within 3 major themes. Themes included (1) the value of a standardized RRT workflow based on stages, (2) the benefit of promoting a safety culture, and (3) the need to implement ongoing RRT education. Stakeholders described a shared mental model of RRT workflow with important events or tasks occurring within each stage. These stages were coded as 1: trigger, 2: team arrival and information sharing, 3: intervention, and 4: disposition and follow-up. Additional proposed solutions included waiting for the entire team to arrive, a systematic information sharing process, and closed loop communication for follow-up plans for patients remaining on the general care floor.

CONCLUSIONS
RRT stakeholder focus groups provide valuable insight into efforts to optimize RRT events. Standardizing RRT workflow into a staged process may facilitate communication and information sharing. Promoting a culture of safety and implementing ongoing education may help reinforce RRT standardization.
Predicting Recovery After Concussion in Pediatric Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wyrwa Jordan M. , Hoffberg Adam S. , Stearns-Yoder Kelly A. , Lantagne Ann C. , Kinney Adam R. , Reis Daniel J. , Brenner Lisa A. 
Published: August 2024

CONTEXT
Prognostic prediction models (PPMs) can help clinicians predict outcomes.

OBJECTIVE
To critically examine peer-reviewed PPMs predicting delayed recovery among pediatric patients with concussion.

DATA SOURCES
Ovid Medline, Embase, Ovid PsycInfo, Web of Science Core Collection, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar.

STUDY SELECTION
The study had to report a PPM for pediatric patients to be used within 28 days of injury to estimate risk of delayed recovery at 28 days to 1 year postinjury. Studies had to have at least 30 participants.

DATA EXTRACTION
The Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modeling Studies checklist was completed.

RESULTS
Six studies of 13 PPMs were included. These studies primarily reflected male patients in late childhood or early adolescence presenting to an emergency department meeting the Concussion in Sport Group concussion criteria. No study authors used the same outcome definition nor evaluated the clinical utility of a model. All studies demonstrated high risk of bias. Quality of evidence was best for the Predicting and Preventing Postconcussive Problems in Pediatrics (5P) clinical risk score.

LIMITATIONS
No formal PPM Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) process exists.

CONCLUSIONS
The 5P clinical risk score may be considered for clinical use. Rigorous external validations, particularly in other settings, are needed. The remaining PPMs require external validation. Lack of consensus regarding delayed recovery criteria limits these PPMs.
Phototherapy to Prevent Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation: Technical Report
Authors: Bhutani Vinod K. , Wong Ronald J. , Turkewitz David , Rauch Daniel A. , Mowitz Meredith E. , Barfield Wanda D. ,   COMMITTEE ON FETUS & NEWBORN, Eichenwald Eric , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Guillory Charleta , Hudak Mark , Kaufman David , Martin Camilia , Lucke Ashley , Parker Margaret , Pramanik Arun , Wade Kelly , Jancelewicz Timothy , Narvey Michael , Miller Russell , Barfield Wanda , Grisham Lisa , Stevenson David K. , Maisels M. Jeffrey , Vreman Hendrik J. , Polin Richard A. , Lamola Angelo A. , Arnold Cody C. , Ebbesen Finn , Couto Jim 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE
To summarize the principles and application of phototherapy consistent with the current 2022 American Academy of Pediatrics “Clinical Practice Guideline Revision for the Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation.”

METHODS
Relevant literature was reviewed regarding phototherapy devices in the United States, specifically those that incorporate blue to blue-green light-emitting diode, fluorescent, halogen, or fiberoptic light sources, and their currently marketed indications.

RESULTS
The efficacy of phototherapy devices varies widely because of nonstandardized use of light sources and configurations and irradiance meters. In summary, the most effective and safest devices have the following characteristics: (1) incorporation of narrow band blue-to-green light-emitting diode lamps (∼460–490 nm wavelength range; 478 nm optimal) that would best overlap the bilirubin absorption spectrum; (2) emission of irradiance of at least 30 µW/cm2/nm (in term infants); and (3) illumination of the exposed maximal body surface area of an infant (35% to 80%). Furthermore, accurate irradiance measurements should be performed using the appropriate irradiance meter calibrated for the wavelength range delivered by the phototherapy device.

CONCLUSIONS
With proper administration of effective phototherapy to an infant without concurrent hemolysis, total serum or plasma bilirubin concentrations will decrease within the first 4 to 6 hours of initiation safely and effectively.
Non-contact identification of essential oils with IR sensors and analysis of components with an electronic nose
Authors: Yavuzer E. , Yalçın M.K. , Uslu H. , Köse M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the odour values of rosemary, mint, black cumin, lavender, and thyme oils were determined by an electronic nose working with an Arduino microprocessor. The components of the plants were compared with the sensor data, and the most sensitive sensors were determined by sorting according to the highest components. The study data indicated that the MQ3 sensor exhibited the highest sensitivity for thyme, black cumin, and lavender oils, which contain 63% carvacrol, 38% thymoquinone, and 36% linalool, respectively. Also, MQ7 was the most sensitive sensor for menthone (68%) in mint oil and eucalyptol (45%) in rosemary oil. In addition, a low-cost and non-contact device that works with an infrared sensor has been developed to detect the identity of the oil added into the vial. The study data showed that low-cost Arduino-based IR and odour sensors can determine the identity and component percentage of oils. The fact that the developed device can detect with 100 percent accuracy even in case of peppermint and rosemary oils, which are very similar in appearance, shows that the study data will be an inspiration for contactless determination of oil quality and type.
HPTLC quantification of garcinol in three endemic Garcinia species of Assam, estimation of secondary metabolites and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity
Authors: Paul Arpita , Chetia Dipak , Zaman Md. Kamaruz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGarcinol, the main polyisoprenylated benzophenone present in Garcinia species. A simple, rapid, reliable high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique has been developed for simultaneous detection and quantification of garcinol in three endemic Garcinia sp. of Assam, India. While G. mangostana and G. indica have garnered extensive recognition, these lesser-known species have not received proportionate level of scientific exploration, therefore has served as the subject of investigation. Chromatographic separation was achieved using pre-coated silica gel 60 F254 plates. The optimized mobile phase (Toluene-Ethyl acetate-Formic acid, 5:4:1V/V) at 276 nm produced well-defined and sharp peaks of garcinol, maintaining a constant RF value of 0.75. The regression equation demonstrated a linear relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.9955. The method was validated in accordance with International Conference of Harmonization guidelines (ICH), encompassing assessments for precision, accuracy, repeatability and robustness, all of which yielded low percentage of relative standard deviation values, attesting to its excellent performance. The content of garcinol found in the extracts were in the range of 0.58–0.98% w/w. In secondary metabolite analysis, significant amount of phenols (26.06 ± 1.65–57.51 ± 2.62 gallic acid equivalent mg g−1), flavonoids (11.27 ± 1.06–21.09 ± 1.34 quercetin equivalent mg g−1) and ascorbic acid (3.56 ± 0.12–3.65 ± 0.11 mg/10 g) contents were detected in the extracts. Further, the extracts exhibited good anti-radical activity, which may be attributed to the presence of important secondary metabolites. Therefore, this research establishes the three endemic Garcinia sp. as promising source of garcinol. Additionally, the developed method can be applied for routine quality control analysis of herbal formulations containing garcinol.
Physiological characterization of a simulated kettlebell routine in experienced kettlebell athletes
Authors: László Szilárd , Hortobágyi Tibor , Sebesi Balázs , Csala Dávid , Kató Hargita , Petrovics Péter , Krähling Artúr , Váczi Márk , Atlasz Tamás 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKettlebell as a sport has gained recognition worldwide. We characterized the physiological responses induced by a simulated kettlebell competition routine in experienced kettlebell athletes (n = 26) in a two-group, pre-post plus short-term follow-up, non-randomized experiment. The experimental group (EXP) included 13 kettlebell athletes, while the control group (CON) consisted of 13 individuals with prior recreational exposure to kettlebell activities. EXP performed a 10-minute-long, long-cycle kettlebell routine, whereas CON engaged in seated rest. Cardiovascular and neuromuscular outcomes were measured at rest, after warm-up, during exercise, at 0 (immediately post), 5 and 15 min into recovery. Group-by-time interactions revealed that the 10-minute-long, long-cycle kettlebell routine increased (P < 0.05) the levels of all outcomes (e.g. heart rate, blood pressure, blood lactate) (range of effect sizes: −0.9–8.9) with many outcomes remaining well above baseline at 5 and 15 min into recovery. A notable exception was a lack of change in maximal squat strength. Kettlebell experience and mass correlated with changes in oxygen uptake (ΔVO2) and in ventilation (ΔVT) (r = −0.70, 0.64, −0.87, and 0.73, respectively, P < 0.05) in EXP. Kettlebell routine evoked significant changes in all physiological variables (respiratory and cardiovascular), out of which the heart rate (HR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), rate pressure product (RPP), and blood lactate (BL) outlasted the routine for at least 15 min. Future studies should longitudinally examine physiological responses to kettlebell training throughout a season. Long-cycle kettlebell routine adds to the repertoire of evidence-based exercise options for high-intensity exercise.