bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomaly diagnosis based on regression and classification analysis of statistical traffic features
Authors: Liu Lei , Jin Xiaolong , Min Geyong , Xu Li 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTTraffic anomalies caused by Distributed Denial‐of‐Service (DDoS) attacks are major threats to both network service providers and legitimate customers. The DDoS attacks regularly consume and exhaust the resources of victims and hence result in abnormal bursty traffic through end‐user systems. Additionally, malicious traffic aggregated into normal traffic often show dramatic changes in the traffic nature and statistical features. This study focuses on early detection of traffic anomalies caused by DDoS attacks in light of analyzing the network traffic behavior. Key statistical features including variance, autocorrelation, and self‐similarity are employed to characterize the network traffic. Further, artificial neural network and support vector machine subject to the performance metrics are employed to predict and classify the abnormal traffic. The proposed diagnosis mechanism is validated through experiments where the datasets consist of two groups. The first group is the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory dataset containing labeled DoS attack. The second group collected from DDoS attack simulation experiments covers three representative traffic shapes resulting from the dynamic attack rate configuration, namely, constant intensity, ramp‐up behavior, and pulsing behavior. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed mechanism can effectively and precisely alert the abnormal traffic within short response period. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualizing the flow of evidence in network meta‐analysis and characterizing mixed treatment comparisons
Authors: König Jochem , Krahn Ulrike , Binder Harald 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNetwork meta‐analysis techniques allow for pooling evidence from different studies with only partially overlapping designs for getting a broader basis for decision support. The results are network‐based effect estimates that take indirect evidence into account for all pairs of treatments. The results critically depend on homogeneity and consistency assumptions, which are sometimes difficult to investigate. To support such evaluation, we propose a display of the flow of evidence and introduce new measures that characterize the structure of a mixed treatment comparison. Specifically, a linear fixed effects model for network meta‐analysis is considered, where the network estimates for two treatments are linear combinations of direct effect estimates comparing these or other treatments. The linear coefficients can be seen as the generalization of weights known from classical meta‐analysis. We summarize properties of these coefficients and display them as a weighted directed acyclic graph, representing the flow of evidence. Furthermore, measures are introduced that quantify the direct evidence proportion, the mean path length, and the minimal parallelism of mixed treatment comparisons. The graphical display and the measures are illustrated for two published network meta‐analyses. In these applications, the proposed methods are seen to render transparent the process of data pooling in mixed treatment comparisons. They can be expected to be more generally useful for guiding and facilitating the validity assessment in network meta‐analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the estimation of the reproduction number based on misreported epidemic data
Authors: Azmon Amin , Faes Christel , Hens Niel 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEpidemic data often suffer from underreporting and delay in reporting. In this paper, we investigated the impact of delays and underreporting on estimates of reproduction number. We used a thinned version of the epidemic renewal equation to describe the epidemic process while accounting for the underlying reporting system. Assuming a constant reporting parameter, we used different delay patterns to represent the delay structure in our model. Instead of assuming a fixed delay distribution, we estimated the delay parameters while assuming a smooth function for the reproduction number over time. In order to estimate the parameters, we used a Bayesian semiparametric approach with penalized splines, allowing both flexibility and exact inference provided by MCMC. To show the performance of our method, we performed different simulation studies. We conducted sensitivity analyses to investigate the impact of misspecification of the delay pattern and the impact of assuming nonconstant reporting parameters on the estimates of the reproduction numbers. We showed that, whenever available, additional information about time‐dependent underreporting can be taken into account. As an application of our method, we analyzed confirmed daily A(H1N1) v2009 cases made publicly available by the World Health Organization for Mexico and the USA. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capsular Contraction with S-Shaped Deformity of Nonlength-Expanding Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Cylinders: Management and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Karpman Edward , Henry Gerard 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Capsular contraction (CC) occurring with inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) reservoirs has been reported by urologists as a cause of autoinflation. The concept of CC occurring around IPP cylinders has not been studied.

Aims
Herein we report a case of CC occurring with nonlength-expanding IPP cylinders, resulting in an S-shaped deformity.

Main Outcome Measures
We sought to report a novel cause of S-shaped deformity in patients after IPP surgery.

Methods
We reviewed a recent clinical case and conducted a literature review on capsular scar formation in prosthetic surgery. We also conducted a literature review of the inflammatory cascade related with prosthetic surgery.

Results
Capsular contracture of nonlength-expanding cylinders resulting in S-shaped deformity has not been previously reported. The role of certain inflammatory markers seems to play a common role of capsular contracture in the penis and other prosthetic implantation sites.

Conclusions
Capsular contractures around the cylinders of an IPP can cause deformity, even in patients who have appropriately sized, nonlength-expanding cylinders. A better understanding is needed regarding the mechanical properties of the tunica albuginea and the inflammatory cascade associated with penile implant surgery. This case represents an argument for early and aggressive postoperative inflation of the IPP. Future studies should evaluate the role of inflammation modulators as adjuvant therapy after IPP surgery.
Fast in‐memory XPath search using compressed indexes
Authors: Arroyuelo Diego , Claude Francisco , Maneth Sebastian , Mäkinen Veli , Navarro Gonzalo , Nguyễn Kim , Sirén Jouni , Välimäki Niko 
Published: October 2013

SummaryExtensible Markup Language (XML) documents consist of text data plus structured data (markup). XPath allows to query both text and structure. Evaluating such hybrid queries is challenging. We present a system for in‐memory evaluation of XPath search queries, that is, queries with text and structure predicates, yet without advanced features such as backward axes, arithmetics, and joins. We show that for this query fragment, which contains Forward Core XPath, our system, dubbed Succinct XML Self‐Index (‘SXSI’), outperforms existing systems by 1–3 orders of magnitude. SXSI is based on state‐of‐the‐art indexes for text and structure data. It combines two novelties. On one hand, it represents the XML data in a compact indexed form, which allows it to handle larger collections in main memory while supporting powerful search and navigation operations over the text and the structure. On the other hand, it features an execution engine that uses tree automata and cleverly chooses evaluation orders that leverage the speeds of the respective indexes. SXSI is modular and allows seamless replacement of its indexes. This is demonstrated through experiments with (1) a text index specialized for search of bio sequences, and (2) a word‐based text index specialized for natural language search. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CPU load prediction for cloud environment based on a dynamic ensemble model
Authors: Cao Jian , Fu Jiwen , Li Minglu , Chen Jinjun 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYResource performance prediction is becoming more and more important in cloud environment, and CPU load prediction is helpful for system maintenance and application schedule. However, the best predictor often varies from one resource to another. At the same time, CPU load in cloud environment has a wide range of dynamics so that the best predictor for any particular CPU load time series may change over time. Ensemble method, which can use multiple models to obtain better performances, is investigated to support CPU load prediction in this paper. The novel ensemble model proposed consists of two layers. The predictor optimization layer can continuously incorporate new predictor instances and remove those ones with a poor performance. The ensemble layer is responsible for producing the final prediction based on the results of multiple predictor instances. In addition, the ensemble layer can also provide feedbacks to the predictor optimization layer, which helps it to adopt appropriate optimization strategies. Extensive experiments have been performed on CPU load traces collected from an in‐production private cloud environment, and it shows this ensemble model has a better performance than any individual model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HIF1α Modulates Cell Fate Reprogramming Through Early Glycolytic Shift and Upregulation of PDK1–3 and PKM2
Authors: Prigione Alessandro , Rohwer Nadine , Hoffmann Sheila , Mlody Barbara , Drews Katharina , Bukowiecki Raul , Blümlein Katharina , Wanker Erich E. , Ralser Markus , Cramer Thorsten , Adjaye James 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state drastically reconfigures the cellular anabolic requirements, thus potentially inducing cancer-like metabolic transformation. Accordingly, we and others previously showed that somatic mitochondria and bioenergetics are extensively remodeled upon derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), as the cells transit from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism. In the attempt to identify possible regulatory mechanisms underlying this metabolic restructuring, we investigated the contributing role of hypoxia-inducible factor one alpha (HIF1α), a master regulator of energy metabolism, in the induction and maintenance of pluripotency. We discovered that the ablation of HIF1α function in dermal fibroblasts dramatically hampers reprogramming efficiency, while small molecule-based activation of HIF1α significantly improves cell fate conversion. Transcriptional and bioenergetic analysis during reprogramming initiation indicated that the transduction of the four factors is sufficient to upregulate the HIF1α target pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) one and set in motion the glycolytic shift. However, additional HIF1α activation appears critical in the early upregulation of other HIF1α-associated metabolic regulators, including PDK3 and pyruvate kinase (PK) isoform M2 (PKM2), resulting in increased glycolysis and enhanced reprogramming. Accordingly, elevated levels of PDK1, PDK3, and PKM2 and reduced PK activity could be observed in iPSCs and human embryonic stem cells in the undifferentiated state. Overall, the findings suggest that the early induction of HIF1α targets may be instrumental in iPSC derivation via the activation of a glycolytic program. These findings implicate the HIF1α pathway as an enabling regulator of cellular reprogramming. Stem Cells 2014;32:364–376
MMP-10 Is Required for Efficient Muscle Regeneration in Mouse Models of Injury and Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Bobadilla Míriam , Sáinz Neira , Rodriguez José Antonio , Abizanda Gloria , Orbe Josune , Martino Alba , García Verdugo José Manuel , Páramo José A. , Prósper Felipe , Pérez-Ruiz Ana 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of endopeptidases that are involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix components, have been implicated in skeletal muscle regeneration. Among the MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are upregulated in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal X-linked muscle disorder. However, inhibition or overexpression of specific MMPs in a mouse model of DMD (mdx) has yielded mixed results regarding disease progression, depending on the MMP studied. Here, we have examined the role of MMP-10 in muscle regeneration during injury and muscular dystrophy. We found that skeletal muscle increases MMP-10 protein expression in response to damage (notexin) or disease (mdx mice), suggesting its role in muscle regeneration. In addition, we found that MMP-10-deficient muscles displayed impaired recruitment of endothelial cells, reduced levels of extracellular matrix proteins, diminished collagen deposition, and decreased fiber size, which collectively contributed to delayed muscle regeneration after injury. Also, MMP-10 knockout in mdx mice led to a deteriorated dystrophic phenotype. Moreover, MMP-10 mRNA silencing in injured muscles (wild-type and mdx) reduced muscle regeneration, while addition of recombinant human MMP-10 accelerated muscle repair, suggesting that MMP-10 is required for efficient muscle regeneration. Furthermore, our data suggest that MMP-10-mediated muscle repair is associated with VEGF/Akt signaling. Thus, our findings indicate that MMP-10 is critical for skeletal muscle maintenance and regeneration during injury and disease. Stem Cells 2014;32:447–461
Concise Review: Bridging the Gap: Bone Regeneration Using Skeletal Stem Cell-Based Strategies—Where Are We Now?
Authors: Dawson Jonathan I. , Kanczler Janos , Tare Rahul , Kassem Moustapha , Oreffo Richard O.C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSkeletal stem cells confer to bone its innate capacity for regeneration and repair. Bone regeneration strategies seek to harness and enhance this regenerative capacity for the replacement of tissue damaged or lost through congenital defects, trauma, functional/esthetic problems, and a broad range of diseases associated with an increasingly aged population. This review describes the state of the field and current steps to translate and apply skeletal stem cell biology in the clinic and the problems therein. Challenges are described along with key strategies including the isolation and ex vivo expansion of multipotential populations, the targeting/delivery of regenerative populations to sites of repair, and their differentiation toward bone lineages. Finally, preclinical models of bone repair are discussed along with their implications for clinical translation and the opportunities to harness that knowledge for musculoskeletal regeneration. Stem Cells 2014;32:35–44
Heat Shock Improves Sca-1+ Stem Cell Survival and Directs Ischemic Cardiomyocytes Toward a Prosurvival Phenotype Via Exosomal Transfer: A Critical Role for HSF1/miR-34a/HSP70 Pathway
Authors: Feng Yuliang , Huang Wei , Meng Wei , Jegga Anil G. , Wang Yigang , Cai Wenfeng , Kim Ha Won , Pasha Zeeshan , Wen Zhili , Rao Fang , Modi Rohan M. , Yu Xiyong , Ashraf Muhammad 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy is a promising intervention for ischemic heart diseases. However, the functional integrity of stem cells is impaired in an ischemic environment. Here, we report a novel finding that heat shock significantly improves Sca-1+stem cell survival in an ischemic environment by the regulation of the triangle: heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), HSF1/miR-34a, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Initially we prove that HSP70 is the key chaperone-mediating cytoprotective effect of heat shock in Sca-1+cells and then we establish miR-34a as a direct repressor of HSP70. We found that HSP70 was downregulated in heat shocked Sca-1+ stem cells (HSSca-1+ cells). Intriguingly, we demonstrate that the downregulation of miR-34a is attributed to HSF1-mediated epigenetic repression through histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on miR-34a promoter. Moreover, we show that heat shock induces exosomal transfer of HSF1 from Sca-1+ cells, which directs ischemic cardiomyocytes toward a prosurvival phenotype by epigenetic repression of miR-34a. In addition, our in vivo study demonstrates that transplantation of HSSca-1+ cells significantly reduces apoptosis, attenuates fibrosis, and improves global heart functions in ischemic myocardium. Hence, our study provides not only novel insights into the effects of heat shock on stem cell survival and paracrine behavior but also may have therapeutic values for stem cell therapy in ischemic heart diseases. Stem Cells 2014;32:462–472
EZH2 and KDM6A Act as an Epigenetic Switch to Regulate Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lineage Specification
Authors: Hemming Sarah , Cakouros Dimitrios , Isenmann Sandra , Cooper Lachlan , Menicanin Danijela , Zannettino Andrew , Gronthos Stan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The methyltransferase, Enhancer of Zeste homology 2 (EZH2), trimethylates histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) on chromatin and this repressive mark is removed by lysine demethylase 6A (KDM6A). Loss of these epigenetic modifiers results in developmental defects. We demonstrate that Ezh2 and Kdm6a transcript levels change during differentiation of multipotential human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Enforced expression of Ezh2 in MSC promoted adipogenic in vitro and inhibited osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo, whereas Kdm6a inhibited adipogenesis in vitro and promoted osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of EZH2 activity and knockdown of Ezh2 gene expression in human MSC resulted in decreased adipogenesis and increased osteogenesis. Conversely, knockdown of Kdm6a gene expression in MSC leads to increased adipogenesis and decreased osteogenesis. Both Ezh2 and Kdm6a were shown to affect expression of master regulatory genes involved in adipogenesis and osteogenesis and H3K27me3 on the promoters of master regulatory genes. These findings demonstrate an important epigenetic switch centered on H3K27me3 which dictates MSC lineage determination. Stem Cells 2014;32:802–815
Orocline and syntaxes formation during subduction and collision
Authors: Bajolet Flora , Replumaz Anne , Lainé Romain 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe present work investigates the formation of curved ranges and syntaxes with scaled laboratory experiments. We simulated subduction and collision processes comparable to India‐Asia configuration involving a continental upper plate and a subducting plate composed of an oceanic lithosphere and a continental indenter. The experiments reveal that the shape of the mountain range (concave, straight, or convex) and the development of syntaxes are controlled by the subduction interface, the buoyancy number (Fb) of the upper plate (i.e., thickness and viscosity), and the boundary conditions. Four end‐members regimes of indentation can be defined depending on the range shape and dynamics of the upper plate. The curvature of the range is convex toward the subducting plate with syntaxes for a weak subduction fault and concave without syntaxes for a strong subduction fault. Convex curvature and syntaxes form by overthrusting of upper plate material on the subducting plate, which is faster at the center than at the extremities. They are associated with a rather flat slab (underthrusting) during continental collision. Low‐Fb experiments show less pronounced curvatures associated to thickening comparable to the early stages of the India‐Asia collision. In contrast, a thick and weak upper plate (high Fb) leads to gravity collapse that increases the amplitude of the curvature and lateral escape, similar to the late evolution of the Himalaya‐Tibet system. Important lateral decoupling on the sides of the indenter enhances the indentation and produces sharper syntaxes.
Sea‐level scenarios for evaluating coastal impacts
Authors: Nicholls Robert J. , Hanson Susan E. , Lowe Jason A. , Warrick Richard A. , Lu Xianfu , Long Antony J. 
Published: October 2013

Global‐mean sea‐level rise will drive impacts and adaptation needs around the world's coasts over the 21st century and beyond. A key element in assessing these issues is the development of scenarios (or plausible futures) of local relative sea‐level rise to support impact assessment and adaptation planning. This requires combining a number of different but uncertain components of sea level which can be linked to climatic and non‐climatic (i.e., uplift/subsidence of coastal land) factors. A major concern remains about the possibility of significant contributions from the major Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and this must be factored into the assessments, despite the uncertainty. This paper reviews the different mechanisms which contribute to sea‐level change and considers a methodology for combining the available data to create relative (or local) sea‐level rise scenarios suitable for impact and adaptation assessments across a range of sophistication of analysis. The methods that are developed are pragmatic and consider the different needs of impact assessment, adaptation planning, and long‐term decision making. This includes the requirements of strategic decision makers who rightly focus on low probability but high consequence changes and their consequences. Hence plausible high end sea‐level rise scenarios beyond the conventional Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) range and which take into account evidence beyond that from the current generation of climate models are developed and their application discussed. Continued review and development of sea‐level scenarios is recommended, starting with assimilating the insights of the forthcoming IPCC AR5 assessment. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:129–150. doi: 10.1002/wcc.253This article is categorized under:

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Scenario Development and Application
Long‐range correction for density functional theory
Authors: Tsuneda Takao , Hirao Kimihiko 
Published: October 2013

Long‐range correction for exchange functionals in Kohn–Sham density functional theory and its applicability are reviewed. Long‐range correction simply supplements the long‐range exchange effect in exchange functionals by replacing the Hartree–Fock exchange integral with the long‐range part of exchange functionals. Nevertheless, this correction has solved many problems in Kohn–Sham calculations. Using this correction, valence occupied and unoccupied orbital energies are quantitatively reproduced in a comprehensive manner for the first time. Long‐range correction has also solved the underestimations of charge transfer excitation energies and oscillator strengths in time‐dependent Kohn–Sham calculations and has clearly improved poor optical response properties such as hyperpolarizability in coupled‐perturbed Kohn–Sham and finite‐field calculations. Moreover, this correction has drastically improved the reproducibility of van der Waals bonds by simply combining with conventional van der Waals calculation methods. We, therefore, believe that the long‐range correction clearly extends the applicability of the Kohn–Sham method in future quantum chemistry calculations.This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory