bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking genetic and environmental factors in amphibian disease risk
Authors: Savage Anna E. , Becker C. Guilherme , Zamudio Kelly R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA central question in evolutionary biology is how interactions between organisms and the environment shape genetic differentiation. The pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has caused variable population declines in the lowland leopard frog (Lithobates yavapaiensis); thus, disease has potentially shaped, or been shaped by, host genetic diversity. Environmental factors can also influence both amphibian immunity and Bd virulence, confounding our ability to assess the genetic effects on disease dynamics. Here, we used genetics, pathogen dynamics, and environmental data to characterize L. yavapaiensis populations, estimate migration, and determine relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors in predicting Bd dynamics. We found that the two uninfected populations belonged to a single genetic deme, whereas each infected population was genetically unique. We detected an outlier locus that deviated from neutral expectations and was significantly correlated with mortality within populations. Across populations, only environmental variables predicted infection intensity, whereas environment and genetics predicted infection prevalence, and genetic diversity alone predicted mortality. At one locality with geothermally elevated water temperatures, migration estimates revealed source–sink dynamics that have likely prevented local adaptation. We conclude that integrating genetic and environmental variation among populations provides a better understanding of Bd spatial epidemiology, generating more effective conservation management strategies for mitigating amphibian declines.
Responsible Fatherhood Programs in the Parents and Children Together (PACT) Evaluation
Authors: Robin Dion M. , Zaveri Heather , Holcomb Pamela 
Published: April 2015

Policy interest and support for increasing the positive involvement of fathers in their children's lives has increased substantially in recent years, with a dedicated federal funding stream for responsible fatherhood programs. These programs aim to improve fathers’ parenting, economic stability, and relationship skills, factors that are known to be associated with fathers’ socioemotional and financial support of their children. We focus on the efforts of four fatherhood programs participating in a large‐scale evaluation sponsored by the Administration for Children and Families at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. We conclude that fathers in these programs, the majority of whom have nonresidential children, are strongly motivated to be more involved with and support their children despite numerous barriers, including difficult co‐parenting relationships and problems with access to their children. Findings show that large numbers of fathers voluntarily enroll and participate in fatherhood program services in an effort to improve their situations. Future reports will describe the effects of these services on the well‐being of the fathers and their families.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
The federal government is devoting considerable resources to programs to help fathers become more involved with and supportive of their children.
Many participating fathers lack formal visitation or parenting‐time agreements because they were not married to the mothers of their children and no longer live with them.
Research to learn how these programs work is growing; this article describes preliminary findings from an evaluation of four federal responsible fatherhood programs.
Parenting Time in Texas Child Support Cases
Authors: Key Alicia G. 
Published: April 2015

The Texas Title IV‐D child support agency has, on a universal basis, included parenting plans in its child support orders for the last thirty years. While most state child support agencies are just beginning to consider the idea of parenting time orders, Texas has successfully navigated federal regulations and federal funding limitations to ensure that parenting time is made available, as fairly and safely as possible. This article explains how this achievement has been possible, with the existence in Texas law of a standard possession order and a set of simple child support guidelines. It also discusses a variety of innovative and collaborative activities to inform and educate the public about the availability of these services.
Keypoints for the Family Court Community
It is possible for a state child support enforcement agency to obtain child support orders that routinely include parenting time provisions for the nonresident parent.
The inclusion of parenting time in all orders can be accomplished effectively and safely in Texas due to strong public policy, supportive legislation, and agency practices that are innovative and collaborative.
The Modern Family Court Judge: Knowledge, Qualities, and Skills for Success
Authors: Knowlton Natalie Anne 
Published: April 2015

Family court judges deserve great respect. They make significant decisions affecting our nation's families, yet these judges are often undervalued, even by their peers on the bench. And there is insufficient acknowledgement of the broad expertise required to do the job well. This publication aims to change this by drawing attention to the special knowledge, qualities, and skills that these judges need to be successful—and hopefully reprioritizing and revaluing their role in the legal system.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Family court is not a “pots and pans” rotation, it is a rotation into people's lives, and an opportunity to positively shape outcomes that will affect children and families forever.
It is critically important to have a highly skilled and dedicated judicial officer making decisions that forever impact America's families.
Because of the complex, multidimensional nature of their cases, family court judges must possess additional knowledge, skills, and qualities not required by their colleagues who handle other case types.
Judicial education plays an indispensable role in fostering highly skilled and dedicated family court judges.
Legal Permanency Isn't Everything: Readdressing The Need For Well‐Being Indicators In Child Protection Courts
Authors: Walsh Amanda M. 
Published: April 2015

In recent years, the child welfare system has begun to focus on the overall outcomes of children by looking at overall well‐being factors. However, despite this shift by social service practitioners, child protection courts have failed to similarly shift focus onto the long‐term outcomes of children and remain focused only on legal permanency. This failure to recognize the importance of overall outcomes and other forms of permanency, such as relational permanence, on the future of system‐involved youth can have devastating consequences. This article argues that child protection courts should integrate well‐being indicators similar to problem‐solving courts in order to have a greater influence on the overall outcome of these children.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Identifies the importance of well‐being indicators and discusses the need for the child welfare system to focus on overall outcomes of children
Addresses a gap between social service practitioners and the child protection court on working towards overall well‐being
Educates child protection court and other child welfare actors on the different forms of permanence affecting system‐involved youth
Discusses therapeutic jurisprudence and how this theory is integrated into problem‐solving courts
Offers suggestion for how to integrate well‐being indicators into child protection courts
Population structuring in the monogonont rotifer Synchaeta pectinata: high genetic divergence on a small geographical scale
Authors: Kimpel Dorothea , Gockel Julia , Gerlach Gabriele , Bininda‐Emonds Olaf R. P. 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Like many other zooplankton species, individual species of planktonic freshwater rotifers often possess a cosmopolitan distribution despite inhabiting isolated habitats (e.g. ponds or lakes) that present little opportunity for direct gene flow. This ‘everything is everywhere’ distribution is typically ascribed to aspects of the life history of these animals (heterogonic reproductive strategy) in combination with the high dispersal capabilities presented by a dormant stage (resting eggs).

Recent molecular analyses indicate the presence of strong population structuring in many rotifer species, including both phylogeographic structuring and the potential for cryptic speciation. Building on these studies, we investigated the intraspecific genetic structuring in the mitochondrial barcoding marker cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) among mid‐European populations of the cosmopolitan rotifer Synchaeta pectinata (Rotifera, Monogononta). These data were analysed using a combination of phylogenetic analysis and haplotype networks as well as population‐genetic methods to assess the degree of population and geographic structuring.

Gene flow among four neighbouring populations in north‐west Germany (126 individuals; regional scale) and between them and a set of populations from northern Italy (an additional 48 individuals based on literature data; mid‐European scale) was generally low. Paradoxically, however, higher genetic similarity occurred across the broader mid‐European scale than within the regional scale. Nevertheless, no significant correlation with spatial distance was detected at the former scale, rejecting an isolation‐by‐distance model for population differentiation.

Most populations comprised several distinct haplotype clusters, each corresponding to ancient mitochondrial lineages of S. pectinata. Although it is common to infer cryptic speciation from results such as these, the pattern we observed can also arise through historical colonisation events and/or persistent founder effects (Monopolization hypothesis) and we present potential arguments against the default assumption that S. pectinata comprises a complex of cryptic species.
Use of the subcutaneous venous network of the forearm to create an arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Gołębiowski Tomasz , Letachowicz Krzysztof , Letachowicz Waldemar , Kusztal Mariusz , Garcarek Jerzy , Strempska Beata , Weyde Wacław , Klinger Marian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe reconstruction of vascular access in patients with kidney allograft failure is a challenging problem. A case of a 62‐year‐old man with transplanted kidney insufficiency is described. The patient was initially dialyzed with a wrist radial‐cephalic arteriovenous fistula. In the post‐transplantation period, the enormously dilated venous part of the anastomosis was ligated and the part of the vein suspected of being the source of bacteremia was excised. The man was referred to our department due to kidney allograft failure for vascular access creation. During preoperative assessment, we unexpectedly found a soft thrill on the forearm. Doppler ultrasound confirmed fistula patency, although the blood supply was not sufficient to perform dialysis. Angiography showed the blood flow from the radial artery to the cephalic vein, through a complicated vessel system consisting of inter alia a dilated vein of the subcutaneous venous network. We successfully used this vein as the vascular access outflow for fistula recreation. In conclusion, making use of veins of the subcutaneous venous network of the forearm for creation of a native fistula should be considered in selected cases.
Acute Treatment Optimization in Episodic and Chronic Migraine: Results of the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) Study
Authors: Serrano Daniel , Buse Dawn C. , Manack Adams Aubrey , Reed Michael L. , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThe migraine Treatment Optimization Questionnaire (mTOQ) was developed to assess response to acute treatment in persons with migraine. The original validated form used yes or no response options.ObjectivesThis study aims to (1) assess the psychometric properties of a 6‐item version of the mTOQ (mTOQ‐6) using ordinal response options; (2) compare treatment optimization using the revised mTOQ‐6 for both episodic and chronic migraine (EM and CM, respectively); (3) identify demographic, headache, and treatment features associated with treatment optimization.MethodsThe American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) Study is a longitudinal, US population‐based study. Annual questionnaires were mailed to a sample of 24,000 severe headache sufferers identified by screening a panel constructed to be representative of the US population. The current study included respondents to the 2006 AMPP Study survey who met modified International Classification of Headache Disorders‐3 beta criteria for migraine; persons with CM (≥15 HA days/month) or EM (<15 HA days/month) were included. Acute treatment optimization was measured with the mTOQ‐6. A single factor latent variable model was used to assess item characteristics. This model was expanded through structural equation models (SEM) to incorporate a contrast between persons with CM and EM on the scaled treatment optimization scores. We estimated both an unadjusted SEM and a SEM adjusted for demographic features, headache characteristics, and acute treatment.ResultsMigraine criteria were met by 8612 persons (539 for CM and 8073 for EM) who completed the mTOQ‐6 as part of the 2006 AMPP Study survey. When compared, those with CM exhibited worse treatment optimization across all domains of the mTOQ‐6. For example, 35.1% of CM and 44.6% of EM respondents reported being pain free at 2 hours “half the time or more” with their usual migraine medication. Latent variable model parameters indicated excellent psychometric properties of the mTOQ‐6. Scaled treatment optimization scores obtained from the unadjusted SEM were significantly lower (indicating worse treatment optimization) for persons with CM (3.25) compared to persons with EM (4.01), b = −0.76, P < .0001; scores remained significantly lower for CM after adjustment with a wide array of demographic and disease severity covariates. Poor treatment optimization was associated with cutaneous allodynia, major depression, and the use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Better treatment optimization was associated with the use of triptans and preventive medications.ConclusionEstimates of the latent variable scores for the mTOQ‐6 revealed persistent low levels of treatment optimization for both EM and CM, though treatment optimization is worse for CM.
Fibromuscular Dysplasia: An Update for the Headache Clinician
Authors: O'Connor Sarah C. , Poria Neil , Gornik Heather L. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundFibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an uncommon vascular disease that presents with stenosis, aneurysm, dissection, beading, and tortuosity of medium‐sized arteries. It primarily manifests in the renal and extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries, and is associated with major vascular events such as carotid artery dissection, renal artery dissection, ruptured aneurysm, transient ischemic attack, stroke, and myocardial infarction (due to coronary artery dissection).DiscussionThere is a wide spectrum of disease severity among FMD patients. Symptoms of FMD are related to the vascular beds involved and the severity of arterial stenoses. Headache is an extremely common and important symptom reported by patients with FMD, although the precise mechanism of headache in this population is not yet known.ConclusionThis review summarizes the most recent literature regarding FMD, including epidemiology, clinical manifestations, imaging practices, and treatment. Special attention will be paid to the association of headaches and FMD. Correct diagnosis, optimal medical management, and appropriate referral for vascular intervention are vital elements of the treatment of patients with FMD. There is a great need for more clinical research regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and optimal treatment of headache in the FMD patient population.
Evaluation of the effect of Ultra Rice®EDTA supplementation on the soluble iron, visual acceptance and vitamin A stability of commercial milled rice blends
Authors: Johns Paul W. , Patel Gaurav C. , Parker Megan E. , Lasekan John B. , Milani Peiman , Nixon Melissa K. , Tigner Maryann , Schmitz Daniel J. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe addition of NaFeEDTA at only 5% of total iron to ferric pyrophosphate‐fortified Ultra Rice® increased the in vitro soluble iron ten‐fold. Ultra Rice® formulated with NaFeEDTA at 2–7% of total iron, or with Na2EDTA·2H2O at 0.5× the total iron equivalents, increased the soluble iron seven‐ to thirty‐fold. The colour of the batches was acceptable through 20 weeks at 21 °C, but colour stability needs to be evaluated under authentic storage conditions. Although only 34–46% of the initial vitamin A remained after extrusion, 18‐week storage at 30 °C/70% relative humidity, and simulated cooking, there were indications that losses could be decreased by raising the pH (to ~5) and/or using a better protected vitamin A ingredient. The enhancement of soluble iron afforded by low‐level NaFeEDTA or Na2EDTA·2H2O supplementation suggests that this fortification strategy may merit further study as a means of increasing absorbable iron in Ultra Rice®.
Fragmented red cells reference range for the Sysmex XN®‐series of automated blood cell counters
Authors: Lesesve J.‐F. , Speyer E. , Perol J.‐P. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIntroductionFragmented red cells (FRCs) are a new parameter determined automatically by the latest generation of blood cell counters. FRC counts may be of interest as they may reflect schistocyte counts measured on a stained peripheral blood smear observed under the microscope. However, FRC counts depend on the technical procedure used to detect them so that reference ranges are device dependent. The XN‐9000® is one of the latest models from the Sysmex series of analysers.Material, methods and resultsWe aimed to establish a reference range for FRCs based on 1366 normal patient samples. The mean ± SD was 0.14 ± 0.35% and the median was 0% (95% confidence interval of the mean: 0.12–0.16%). We observed that the percentage of red blood cells with <17 pg of haemoglobin content (Hypo‐He) was correlated to an FRC increase and that flagged results relating to red blood cells, reticulocytes or platelets might have presented with artefactually increased FRCs.ConclusionThe FRCs reference range (healthy subjects) should be useful for laboratory staff for selecting which blood smears to check optically.
Early introduction and cumulative consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages during the pre‐school period and risk of obesity at 8–14 years of age
Authors: Cantoral A. , Téllez‐Rojo M. M. , Ettinger A. S. , Hu H. , Hernández‐Ávila M. , Peterson K. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundConsumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) has been associated with risk of obesity, but little evidence exists to evaluate if age of introduction and cumulative SSB consumption increases risk in children.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to estimate the relationship between age of introduction and cumulative SSB consumption with risk of obesity in 227 Mexican children.MethodsSSB intake was measured every 6 months; age of introduction and cumulative consumption during the pre‐school period were calculated. Height, weight, waist circumference, SSB intake and other relevant variables were measured at age 8–14 years and obesity defined using standard criteria.ResultsAll participants were introduced to SSB before age 24 months and most (73%) before 12 months. Early SSB introduction (≤12 months) was not significantly associated with increased odds of obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87, 4.59). However, children in the highest tertile of cumulative SSB consumption, compared with the lowest, had almost three times the odds of general (OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.27, 7.00) and abdominal (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.03, 7.03) obesity at age 8–14 years.ConclusionsHigh SSB consumption increased the likelihood of obesity in 8–14‐year‐old children. Our results suggest that SSB intake should be delayed and excessive SSB consumption in pre‐school period should be avoided.
Spontaneous rupture of a renal angiomyolipoma at 25 weeks of pregnancy treated with transarterial embolization: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Myoen Shingo , Mitsuzuka Koji , Saito Hideo , Ota Hideki , Takase Kei , Arai Yoichi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTreatment for ruptured renal angiomyolipoma in pregnancy requires immediate and appropriate decision‐making based on the condition of the mother and fetus, and gestational age. A 37‐year‐old woman at 25 weeks of pregnancy presented with severe right flank pain. Computed tomography showed a ruptured right renal angiomyolipoma (8 cm in diameter). The maternal and fetal conditions were stable. Transcatheter arterial embolization was carried out electively 4 days after the rupture. Minimization of radiation exposure to the fetus was achieved by X‐ray shielding for the fetus, low‐dose‐rate fluoroscopy, minimal angiography imaging and a color Doppler ultrasonography‐guided procedure. Although threatened premature labor occurred because of post‐embolization syndrome, the pregnancy was continued until cesarean section at 37 weeks of pregnancy.
Nurses' perceptions of conflict as constructive or destructive
Authors: Kim Wonsun (Sunny) , Nicotera Anne M. , McNulty Julie 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to examine nurses' perceptions of constructive and destructive conflicts and their management among nurses.BackgroundConflict among nurses is common and has been associated with lack of collaboration, lack of communication and disruptive behaviour, with the potential to have negative impact teamwork. However, unlike the broader social science literature, positive views of conflict are scarce in the nursing literature. Given the various functions of conflict and the high stakes of ineffective conflict management in nursing, it is necessary to examine how nurses understand both sides of conflict: constructive and destructive.DesignA qualitative descriptive design.MethodsData were collected from 34 full time nurses as part of a conflict skills training course offered over 6 months beginning in October 2009. Each participant was asked to write a weekly journal about conflicts in his/her work place.ResultData yielded 163 entries (82 classified as constructive and 81 as destructive). Results showed that quality patient care and cooperative communication contributed to the perception that conflict is constructive in nature. The central underlying themes in nurses' perceptions of destructive conflict were time constraints, role conflict and power differences that are not managed through communication.ConclusionThis article helps to identify nursing perceptions of constructive and destructive conflict and to understand complexities nurses face during their interactions with other nurses, physicians and patients. The insight that constructive views are related to constructive processes provides an excellent opportunity for an educational intervention, so that we can educate nurses to analyse problems and learn how to manage conflict with effective collaborative processes.