bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of atmospheric pressure gliding Arc plasma jet
Authors: Chalise Roshan , Dhungana Santosh , Sharma Sangat , Basnet Suresh , Baniya Hom Bahadur , Acharya Tirtha Raj , Lamichhane Pradeep , Khanal Raju 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present the development and comprehensive characterization of an atmospheric pressure gliding arc plasma jet (GAPJ) operating in ambient air to generate non-thermal plasma. Through systematic investigation, the relationship between jet length and airflow rate indicates a positive correlation. Electrical and optical techniques are utilized to characterize the discharge, revealing an impact of applied voltage and gas flow rate on discharge parameters. Calculations are made for parameters such as electron density ((0.62−3.44)×1019) m
−3, average power dissipation (9.85−40.50) W, and root mean square values of current and voltage. The impacts of applied voltages and gas flow rate on these parameters are also examined. Electron excitation temperature is determined using the Boltzmann plot method, yielding values within the range of (1.36−1.44) eV. Rotational and vibrational temperatures of discharge are analyzed, revealing values of (1373−2065) K and (2700−2405) K, respectively, under different operational conditions. The generated non-thermal plasma is confined to form a plasma plume although it consists of two diverging electrodes and offers promising applications for specified areas of sterilization and decontamination in the medical, pharmaceutical, and food processing industries.
A room-temperature ultrafast carrier dynamical study and thickness-dependent investigation of WTe2thin films on a flexible PET substrate
Authors: Verma Sahil , Kumar Kapil , Yadav Reena , Pandey Animesh , Kaur Mandeep , Kumar Mahesh , Husale Sudhir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the current era of increasing demand for optoelectronic-based devices with ultra-rapid response, it is important to understand the processes associated with the relaxation dynamics of hot carriers and transient electrical properties of WTe2material under photoexcitation of charge carriers. In this work, using femtosecond laser pump–probe spectroscopy at room temperature we performed the transient absorption measurement on sputtered deposited WTe2thin films having four different thicknesses to study dynamics associated with the relaxation of their hot carriers. The relaxation dynamics of photoexcited charge carriers undergo three exponential decay components associated with electron–phonon thermalization in the conduction band and phonon-assisted electron–hole recombination between the electron and hole pocket. The thickness-dependent investigation of WTe2thin films reveals that the electron–hole recombination process is more prominent in thicker films than in thinner films, supporting previously published theoretical and experimental conclusions. The Ultrafast study of WTe2thin films suggests that it is a suitable material for future ultrafast optoelectronic-based device applications.
Novel method for inversion of microphysical properties of clouds using Raman lidar data
Authors: Yan Xinglin , Qi Liangliang , Mao Jiandong , Li Juan , Zhao Hu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions are important in the balance of Earth’s radiation budget. To further explore the relationship between clouds and precipitation, and to improve operational weather modification, it is necessary to study the microphysical parameters of liquid water clouds. Here, an inversion method that uses a back propagation (BP) neural network based on a genetic algorithm (GA), namely a GABP, is proposed to invert cloud microphysical parameters using ground-based dual-field-of-view (FOV) Raman lidar data. To verify the feasibility of the method, long-term continuous observations were conducted in the Liupan Mountains (China). Results revealed that the proposed inversion method using the GABP is feasible for retrieving the liquid water content (LWC) and the cloud droplet effective radius after training a large number of data measured simultaneously by the Raman lidar and a microwave radiometer. When inverting LWC, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the GABP algorithm was found in the range 0–0.005, whereas the RMSE of the BP algorithm fluctuated in the range 0–0.01. It was evident that the GABP algorithm yields better inversion results and finer detail. When maintaining other variables and comparing the inversion results of signals in the inner and outer FOVs, the RMSE of the inner FOV signal was within 0.005 at near-ground heights (i.e., <2 km), whereas the outer FOV signal exceeded 0.005 at certain heights. This study developed a feasible solution for detecting characteristic cloud microphysical parameters using a Raman lidar, which could be used to study aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions, and thereby have considerable practical importance for improving artificial rainfall operations.
Direct optimization of neoclassical ion transport in stellarator reactors
Authors: Lee B.F. , Lazerson S.A. , Smith H.M. , Beidler C.D. , Pablant N.A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe directly optimize stellarator neoclassical ion transport while holding neoclassical electron transport at a moderate level, creating a scenario favorable for impurity expulsion and retaining good ion confinement. Traditional neoclassical stellarator optimization has focused on minimizingϵeff, the geometric factor that characterizes the amount of radial transport due to particles in the1/νregime. Under expected reactor-relevant conditions, core electrons will be in the1/νregime and core fuel ions will be in theνregime. Traditional optimizations thus minimize electron transport and rely on the radial electric field (Er) that develops to confine the ions. This often results in an inward-pointingErthat drives high-Zimpurities into the core, which may be troublesome in future reactors. In this work, we increase the ratio of the thermal transport coefficientsL11e/L11i, which previous research has shown can create an outward-pointingEr. This effect is very beneficial for impurity expulsion. We obtain self-consistent density, temperature, andErprofiles at reactor-relevant conditions for an optimized equilibrium. This equilibrium is expected to enjoy significantly improved impurity transport properties.
A Two-Stage Monocular Vision Detection Method for 6D Pose Estimation in Multi-Heterogeneous Robot Systems
Authors: Shan Bo , Zhao Donghui , Yang Junyou , Liu Houde 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Multi-robot systems are crucial for enhancing work efficiency, flexibility, and adaptability, with the accurate acquisition and processing of pose information in real-world environments being a prerequisite for their implementation. This study proposes a 6D pose visual localization system for heterogeneous multi-robot systems based on monocular vision, addressing the issues of high costs and suboptimal real-time performance in existing systems. The main contributions include the design of a cost-effective and efficient monocular vision localization system framework, the proposal of an enhanced YOLOv8 detection model that integrates object classification, keypoint detection, and 6D pose analysis, and the development of a 6D pose analysis method based on 3D model-based PnP keypoint threshold screening and matching, thereby improving the system’s operational speed and accuracy. This research achievement can be applied in multiple fields such as multi-heterogeneous robot system coordination verification, autonomous navigation, and intelligent manufacturing.
RLSM: A Strategy Matrix based Microservice Splitting Method for Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Liu Yuqiang , Yu Jianyong , Han Xue , Liu Yuqi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We introduce a novel microservice splitting approach, the Policy Matrix-based Reinforcement Learning Splitting Method (RLSM), designed to overcome the limitations of traditional service splitting schemes by providing a solution that is both fine-grained and efficient, with a strong emphasis on automation. This method utilizes dynamic link tracking and static code analysis techniques to analyze business modules, and extract entities using data flow graphs. We use these entities as agents in reinforcement learning to construct a reinforcement learning environment model, and optimize and update the value of entities by constructing a policy matrix, replacing the Q table in traditional Q-learning algorithms. Finally, we obtained a set of entity categories and used the K-means algorithm to cluster the entities of these categories, with each clustered cluster being a split individual microservice. The experimental results show that this splitting scheme not only achieves automated splitting, but also maintains a stable compliance rate of about 97% for microservices. This is enough to demonstrate that RLSM is more efficient and flexible in completing service design and evaluation.
Design and Simulation of MEMS Turbulence Sensor for UUV
Authors: Zhang Peng , Kong Xiangzheng , Cheng Nuo , Zhang Guojun , Zhang Wendong , Wang Renxin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Based on the piezoresistive effect, MEMS piezoresistive sensors can generate resistance changes with stress variations, making them highly attractive for turbulence detection. Inspired by the lateral line of fish, this paper introduces a bio-inspired beam-cilia vector turbulence sensor. A transient model of the detector under pulsatile flow signals is established using the multi-physics coupling simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics. The cross-sensitivity of the detector’s X and Y channels is 0.16%, demonstrating excellent vector properties. The sensitivity of the detector reaches up to 8.3×10−3 Vms2/kg, significantly higher than traditional PNS shear flow sensor probes. This provides a solution for UUV in deep-sea turbulence detection and opens up new exploration methods for UUV in the deep sea.
GCN-SATO: A Graph Convolutional Network with Self-Attention based Car-Following Model
Authors: Li Qiran , Chen Qian , Jian Chengli , Wang Qingnan , Tu Jihui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Car following is critical for the overall safety, efficiency, and smooth operation of autonomous vehicles in traffic. However, the existing car-following model primarily focuses on local feature extraction, overlooking the spatial-temporal relationships between vehicles and key information within the time series. This limitation negatively impacts prediction accuracy and generalization capabilities. To tickle these problems, this paper proposes a novel car-following method based on a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and a self-attention mechanism. Firstly, the GCN network is utilized to construct the spatial-temporal structure of the car-following model, which can effectively obtain topological structure relationships among vehicles. Secondly, the self-attention module is designed to assign different attention weights to different neighbors of a node in the car-following model, which can facilitate the capture of various aspects of node relationships simultaneously and enhance its expressive power. Finally, the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) layer is employed to predict the future behaviors of following vehicles. The proposed car-following model (CF) was trained and evaluated using five real-world datasets: HighD, SPMD, Waymo, NGSIM, and Lyft. The results indicate that our method outperforms other existing methods in Mean Squared Error (MSE) of spacing and achieves a zero collision rate on all datasets. These findings indicate that the GCN-SATO proposed in this paper enhances safety and smooth operation compared to other existing models.
Preliminary results of the 2023 International Fermilab Booster Studies
Authors: Eldred J. , Balcewicz M. , Schmidt F. , Simons B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An overview is given of the methods and preliminary results
from dedicated beam studies on three topics conducted over five days
in July 2023. In the first study, the Fermilab Booster magnets were
held constant at magnetic fields corresponding to the injection
energy. The beam loss and emittance growth were observed under
varying intensity, tunes, and sextupole resonances. The
corresponding beam conditions were also simulated with the MADX-SC
code [1]. In the second study, measurements of
the vertical half-integer resonance and correction methods are
conducted for high-intensity beams ramping in the Booster. Finally,
syncho-betatron instabilities are observed during
transition-crossing in the Booster under strong space-charge
conditions.
Effects of land surface model resolution on fluxes and soil state in the Arctic
Authors: Schickhoff Meike , de Vrese Philipp , Bartsch Annett , Widhalm Barbara , Brovkin Victor 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Arctic land is characterized by a high surface and subsurface heterogeneity on different scales. However, the effects of land surface model resolution on fluxes and soil state variables in the Arctic have never been systematically studied, even though smaller scale heterogeneities are resolved in high-resolution land boundary condition datasets. Here, we compare 210 km and 5 km setups of the land surface model JSBACH3 for an idealized case study in eastern Siberia to investigate the effects of high versus low-resolution land boundary conditions on simulating the interactions of soil physics, hydrology and vegetation. We show for the first time that there are differences in the spatial averages of the simulated fluxes and soil state variables between resolution setups. Most differences are small in the summer mean, but larger within individual months. Heterogeneous soil properties induce large parts of the differences while vegetation characteristics play a minor role. Active layer depth shows a statistically significant increase of +20% in the 5 km setup relative to the 210 km setup for the summer mean and +43% for August. The differences are due to the nonlinear vertical discretization of the soil column amplifying the impact of the heterogeneous distributions of soil organic matter content and supercooled water. Resolution-induced differences in evaporation fluxes amount to +43% in July and are statistically significant. Our results show that spatial resolution significantly affects model outcomes due to nonlinear processes in heterogenous land surfaces. This suggests that resolution needs to be accounted in simulations of land surface models in the Arctic.
Plastic debris beaching on two remote Indian Ocean islands originates from handful of Indonesian rivers
Authors: van der Mheen Mirjam , Pattiaratchi Charitha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Large amounts of plastic waste from non-local sources (>200 tonnes) wash up on Christmas Island and the Cocos Keeling Islands, two remote Indian Ocean islands, every year. Local communities on these islands organize beach clean-ups regularly to tackle this problem and, because their waste systems cannot handle the enormous amounts of plastic, predominantly incinerate the collected waste. However, as long as plastic waste keeps entering the ocean, beach clean-ups alone cannot be sustained. The first crucial step to solving this problem is to determine the main sources of plastic waste to the islands. In this study, we simulate the transport of floating plastic waste to determine the main riverine sources of plastic reaching the islands. We find that the majority of simulated plastic waste comes from just 4 Indonesian rivers: the Solo, Brantas, Ci Tanduy, and Wai Sekampung. We suggest that further numerical and field studies, as well as potential river clean-up efforts focus on these rivers to stop plastic waste inundating Christmas Island and the Cocos Keeling Islands.
The impact of moulding and cooling process on the hardness and colour of praline couverture chocolate filled with water-based filling
Authors: Pratista R D , Saputro A D , Shodiq M M , Setiowati A D , Bintoro N , Rahayoe S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Praline chocolate stability is highly influenced by the production process. Good quality praline has a smooth and shiny surface, without bubbles, cracks, and bloom. Stable praline can be able to resist the migration of the filling so it has a longer shelf life. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of moulding temperature and shell formation time on the stability of praline couverture chocolate with water-based filling. The moulding temperature used 3 temperature variations, namely 28°C, 30°C, 32°C. Shell formation time used 2 variations, namely 5 and 15 minutes. Praline samples was matured at a storage temperature of (16-20°C) for 14 days. The chocolate quality parameters tested were hardness and colour (L*, a*, b*, C*, h°). Results showed that pralines molded at 32°C were harder and had better colour appearance than the pralines moulded at 28°C and 30°C. This conditions also occur in the praline made with shell formation time of 15 minutes. Result of decision-making test using TOPSIS method showed that the best sample was T32 S15 praline with a preference value of 0.937.
Characteristics of Bio-plastics for Fresh Product Packaging Materials
Authors: Nugroho L P E , Agusta W , Kusmaningjati P Y G , Giarni R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Plastic is widely used as a popular packaging material, but its not eco-friendly. Therefore, it can be substituted with bio-plastics. This study aims to assess characteristics of bio-plastic (starch-based) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) for packaging materials, examining diverse treatments of storage conditions. Additionally, it compares weight loss in fresh products during storage, considering variations in packaging type, storage temperature, and storage time. Testing focused on three parameters: tensile strength, elongation, and Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) for both packaging types over 8 hours at various temperatures (16 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C) and relative humidity (18%, 51%, 79%, 90%). The results of each parameter were compared using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and analyzed using three-way ANOVA. Results reveal that WVTR of the packaging increases with rising the Relative Humidity (RH). Tensile strength is influenced by the packaging material, not the storage conditions, while elongation is affected by the environment RH, which alters material properties. Weight loss in product quality remains stable at low temperatures. Bio-plastic packaging results in higher weight loss compared to HDPE. Mechanical properties of packaging remain unaffected by storage temperature or time.
Contribution of Rice in virtual water trade within countries: lessons for agriculture policy
Authors: Doomra Geetika , Bharti Nisha , Malik Sushant 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the era of climate change, it is very relevant to focus on the trade of water in virtual form among the countries. Virtual water is the water used in the production of any product or service. Rice consumes approximately 2,497 litres of water (globally) for one kg of its production. Presently, India is the world’s biggest extractor of groundwater, more than the U.S. and China combined. This paper reviews the major countries involved in the global trade of virtual water through rice. The findings of the paper reveal that agricultural export policies of top Virtual Water Trading countries are not aligned with their water situation. Despite being a water-stressed country, India is the largest producer and exporter of water-intensive crops like rice. Thus, it becomes one of the largest virtual water traders too. There is a strong need to consider this virtual water trade while framing Agricultural policy to promote other less water-consuming crops and discourage virtual water export, especially for Global South.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study on the Influence of Variable Cant Angle Winglets on Total Drag Reduction
Authors: Innocenti Giulia , Segalerba Eric , Guerrero Joel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The development of winglets has been motivated by the need to reduce lift-induced drag in aircraft. One of the main limitations, since they are fixed devices, is related to their inability in adapting to variable flight conditions. To address this issue, this study proposes the use of variable cant angle winglets that can be adjusted to optimize drag reduction under different flight conditions. In this study, we use the CFD solver OpenFOAM to investigate the effects of varying the winglet cant angle. Instead of a fully mesh morphing approach, a quasi-steady approach was taken where different winglet configurations were investigated by changing the cant angle from 0º to 70º. The main reason for taking this approach was to reduce the burden related to the dynamic meshing approach. The results obtained in this flight condition show an optimal cant angle, with respect to the aerodynamic efficiency, around 40º.
Effect of wavefront distortion on focusing performance of long-focal-depth mirror
Authors: Ye Haixian , Cao Leifeng , Fan Quanping , Dai Yanmeng , You Tenghui , Yu Jian , Zhou Cangtao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A long-focal-depth mirror can produce a quasi-Bessel beam, which has the advantages of a long focal depth, a small spot, independence of wavelength, and a uniform longitudinal intensity. The laser beam emitted by a laser has a certain wavefront distortion, and real optical elements will also produce extra aberrations in the process of processing and assembling, which will then introduce new wavefront distortion to the optical system. Wavefront distortion will affect the phase and then affect the coherence and beam quality of the laser beam, ultimately affecting the beam focusing performance. To accurately study the effect of wavefront distortion on the focusing performances of long-focal-depth mirrors, an aberration model based on Zernike polynomials was established. Based on scalar diffraction theory, the effects of three typical aberrations on the focusing performances of long-focal-depth mirrors were calculated. The focusing performances were comprehensively evaluated by using various evaluation manners, including the power in the bucket. The calculation results showed that, compared with the ideal state, for an astigmatism or coma with a root mean square (RMS) more than 0.25 μm, the focusing performance of the long-focal-depth mirror dropped abruptly. The focused spot calculated with a 0.10 μm aberration shows a distribution identical to that when the component is properly clamped, exhibiting no significant aberration features, indicating that a RMS of 0.10 μm is acceptable.