bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interobserver Agreement and Assay Reproducibility of Folate Receptor α Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Prognostic Marker and Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Bremer Ryan E. , Scoggin Tatiana S. , Somers Elizabeth B. , O'Shannessy Daniel J. , Tacha David E. 
Published: April 2013

Context.—Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and globally. Folate-targeted drugs are among the promising new targeted therapies for lung cancer, provided predictive biomarkers can be identified for optimal patient selection.
Objective.—To evaluate the interobserver agreement and reproducibility of an immunohistochemistry assay for folate receptor α as a potential predictive marker for folate-targeted therapies.
Design.—Immunohistochemistry using anti–folate receptor α antibody 26B3 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The M-score, a semiquantitative measure of staining intensity and proportion of tumor cells staining, was determined for each specimen. Interobserver agreement was assessed using lung adenocarcinoma specimens stained at a single site and evaluated by 3 independent pathologists. Interinstrument reproducibility assessed 20 specimens stained by 3 different automated stainers. Interlaboratory agreement was determined on 5 specimens, repeatedly stained on each of 5 days, at 3 different study sites.
Results.—Folate receptor α expression was identified in 39 of 54 cases of lung adenocarcinoma (72%) and 4 of 37 cases of lung squamous cell carcinoma (11%). Agreement among 3 pathologists was found in 24 of 26 cases (92%). Interinstrument reproducibility was observed in 19 of 20 cases (95%). Agreement among 3 laboratories was found for 49 of 50 specimens (98%).
Conclusions.—Immunostaining of folate receptor α in lung adenocarcinomas is reproducible across staining platforms and among laboratories. Agreement among pathologists is achieved using a semiquantitative scoring method. An accurate and convenient method for determining folate receptor α expression offers a potentially invaluable tool for selecting patients for folate-targeted therapies.
Langue de publication et performance en recherche
Authors: Imbeau Louis M. , Ouimet Mathieu 
Published: April 2013

La science politique mondiale se communique principalement en anglais, alors qu’elle se pratique dans une multitude de langues. Dans le contexte où l’une d’elles domine dans les communications, il est pertinent de se questionner sur l’articulation entre une langue locale et la langue de communication internationale dans la pratique de la science politique. Nous avons voulu explorer l’impact de la langue de publication des travaux savants des chercheurs francophones de France et du Québec sur leur performance en recherche telle qu’elle est mesurée par Publish or Perish sur la base des travaux répertoriés par Google Scholar. Nous nous sommes demandé si le fait de publier en français diminuait la possibilité de reconnaissance d’un chercheur par ses pairs lorsque cette reconnaissance était fondée sur de tels indices. Nous rapportons ici les résultats de notre enquête. Nous montrons que la langue de publication semble avoir un impact systématique sur les mesures de performance des chercheurs. Ceux qui publient surtout en français publient moins et sont moins cités que les autres. D’autres facteurs sont reliés à la performance : le genre, l’expérience et le milieu.
Real‐Time Microscopy of Reorientation Driven Nucleation and Growth in Pentacene Thin Films on Silicon Dioxide
Authors: Al‐Mahboob Abdullah , Fujikawa Yasunori , Sakurai Toshio , Sadowski Jerzy T. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe role of molecular reorientation processes in the self‐assembly of anisotropic molecules, such as pentacene (Pn) is studied utilizing a unique capability of low‐energy electron microscopy (LEEM) for the real‐time investigation of the film growth. In Pn film on SiO2, a layer‐by‐layer growth is observed, albeit different from the expected Volmer–Weber growth mode typical for the systems with lower adhesion (weak interfacial interaction). The observed growth mechanism is also different than conventional concept of layer‐by‐layer, or Frank van der Merwe growth. In the Pn/SiO2 system the nucleation density decreases in each consecutive layer, at least up to four monolayers. This growth mechanism is hereafter named inverse Stranski‐Krastanov growth. Furthermore, in this growth system the second layer islands nucleate preferentially at the domain boundaries formed by the interconnections of the bottom (first layer) domains. The top layer overgrows bottom layer with its own, initial in‐plane crystal orientation, regardless of the in‐plane orientations in underlying Pn domains. The dark‐field LEEM imaging allows us to distinguish between Pn domains having different azimuthal direction of molecular tilt. LEEM intensity versus start voltage (LEEM I–V) curves taken in the vicinity of mirror potential from the first and second layer Pn islands show that the surface potential of the second layer is higher by about 0.05 eV than that of the first layer, while the surface potentials for the epitaxial and non‐epitaxial parts of the second layer island are identical.
Hindering the Oxidation of Silicene with Non‐Reactive Encapsulation
Authors: Molle Alessandro , Grazianetti Carlo , Chiappe Daniele , Cinquanta Eugenio , Cianci Elena , Tallarida Grazia , Fanciulli Marco 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe chemical stability of buckled silicene, i.e., the silicon counterpart of graphene, is investigated then resulting in a low reactivity with O2 when dosing up to 1000 L and in a progressive oxidation under ambient conditions. The latter drawback is addressed by engineering ad hoc Al‐ and Al2O3‐based encapsulations of the silicene layer. This encapsulation design can be generally applied to any silicene configuration, irrespective of the support substrate, and it leads to the fabrication of atomically sharp and chemically intact Al/silicene and Al2O3/silicene interfaces that can be functionally used for ex situ characterization as well as for gated device fabrication.
Tuning of the Photovoltaic Parameters of Molecular Donors by Covalent Bridging
Authors: Demeter Dora , Jeux Victorien , Leriche Philippe , Blanchard Philippe , Olivier Yoann , Cornil Jérôme , Po Riccardo , Roncali Jean 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of donor‐acceptor molecules involving triarylamines and dicyanovinyl blocks is described. Optical and electrochemical results show that rigidification of the acceptor part of the molecule by a covalent bridge leads to a ca. 0.20 eV increase of the band gap due to a parallel increase of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level. A preliminary evaluation of these compounds as donor materials in organic solar cells shows that although this structural modification reduces the light‐harvesting properties of the donor molecule, it nevertheless induces an increase of the efficiency of the resulting solar cells due to a simultaneous improvement of the open‐circuit voltage and fill factor.
Tetragermacyclobutadiene: Energetically Disfavored with Respect to Its Structural Isomers
Authors: Mullinax J. Wayne , Hollman David S. , Schaefer Henry F. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGermanium has been a central feature in the renaissance of main‐group inorganic chemistry. Herein, we present the stationary‐point geometries of tetragermacyclobutadiene and its related isomers on the singlet potential energy surface at the CCSD(T)/cc‐pVTZ level of theory. Three of these 12 structures are reported for the first time and one of them is predicted to lie only 0.4 kcal mol−1 above the previously reported global minimum. Focal‐point analyses has provided electronic energies at the CCSD(T) level of theory, which are extrapolated to the complete basis‐set limit and demonstrate the convergence behavior of the electronic energies with improving levels of theory and increasing basis‐set size. The lowest‐energy structure is the bicyclic structure, which lies 35 kcal mol−1 below the “all‐Ge” cyclobutadiene structure. The reaction energies for the association of known Ge hydrides (e.g., digermene) to form Ge4H4 indicate that Ge4H4 could be observed experimentally. We investigate the bonding patterns by examining the frontier molecular orbitals. Our results demonstrate that: 1) the cyclic isomers of (GeH)4 distort to maximize the mixing of the p orbitals that are involved in the π system of tetragermacyclobutadiene and 2) the lowest‐energy isomers exhibit unusual bonding arrangements (e.g., bridging H bonds) that maximize the nonbonding electron density at the Ge centers.
Bridging Ligand Length Controls AT Selectivity and Enantioselectivity of Binuclear Ruthenium Threading Intercalators
Authors: Johansson Johan R. , Wang Yubo , Eng Mattias P. , Kann Nina , Lincoln Per , Andersson Johanna 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe slow dissociation of DNA threading intercalators makes them interesting as model compounds in the search for new DNA targeting drugs, as there appears to be a correlation between slow dissociation and biological activity. Thus, it would be of great value to understand the mechanisms controlling threading intercalation, and for this purpose we have investigated how the length of the bridging ligand of binuclear ruthenium threading intercalators affects their DNA binding properties. We have synthesised a new binuclear ruthenium threading intercalator with slower dissociation kinetics from ct‐DNA than has ever been observed for any ruthenium complex with any type of DNA, a property that we attribute to the increased distance between the ruthenium centres of the new complex. By comparison with previously studied ruthenium complexes, we further conclude that elongation of the bridging ligand reduces the sensitivity of the threading interaction to DNA flexibility, resulting in a decreased AT selectivity for the new complex. We also find that the length of the bridging ligand affects the enantioselectivity with increasing preference for the ΔΔ enantiomer as the bridging ligand becomes longer.
Design and Synthesis of a Class of Twin‐Chain Amphiphiles for Self‐Assembled Monolayer‐Based Electrochemical Biosensor Applications
Authors: Fisher Thomas J. , Cañete Socrates Jose P. , Lai Rebecca Y. , Dussault Patrick H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA new class of twin‐chain hydroxyalkylthiols (mercaptoalkanols) is described that features a nearly constant cross section and the potential for modification at one or both termini. These compounds are regioselectively available through Pd‐mediated couplings of benzene diiododitriflate, and their syntheses include an example of a previously unreported coupling reaction to generate an ortho‐substituted arene bis(acetic acid). In an electrochemical sensor system, the self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) that were prepared from the new amphiphiles demonstrate an improved stability in comparison to the monolayers prepared from analogous single‐chain thiols.
One‐Pot, Regioselective Consecutive Multihalogenation of 2,2′‐Bithiophene
Authors: Kim Bo Ram , Kim Eun Jung , Sung Gi Hyeon , Kim Jeum‐Jong , Shin Dong‐Soo , Lee Sang‐Gyeong , Yoon Yong‐Jin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe one‐pot regioselective consecutive multihalogenation of 2,2′‐bithiophene (1) was demonstrated. Compound 1 was consecutively halogenated with lithium halides such as lithium bromide, chloride, and/or iodide in the presence of lead tetraacetate in chloroform at room temperature or under reflux conditions to give 5‐bromo(or chloro)‐5′‐iodo(or chloro)‐, 3‐bromo(or chloro)‐5,5′‐dibromo(or dichloro, diiodo)‐, 3,3′‐dibromo‐(or dichloro)‐5,5′‐diiodo(or dibromo, dichloro)‐, and 3,3′,5‐tribromo(or trichloro)‐5′‐iodo(or bromo)‐2,2′‐bithiophenes. Notably, this process offers a regioselective method for consecutive multihalogenation in one pot, and the yields and selectivity are also higher than those obtained in the step‐by‐step and concurrent halogenation methods.
Experimental studies of injectivity reduction due to carbonate mineralization
Authors: Yoo Seung‐Youl , Ueda Akira , Toshifumi Matsuoka 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe geological sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) has been proposed to be one of the most effective and advanced technologies for reducing CO2 emissions. Geochemical trapping is regarded as an alternative process for CO2 sequestration. Carbonate mineralization takes advantage of permeability reduction to seal formations, decreasing the risk of CO2 leakage and increasing storage safety. Because precipitation rates tend to be faster and the solubility product shows a lower value at higher temperatures, the interaction of calcite and kaolinite‐rich rock with CO2‐water is expected to form a scale in geothermal reservoirs. The Ca2+ released from rocks can be removed as carbonate minerals during CO2 injection into aquifer rocks. However, the effects of the amount, timing, and location of carbonate precipitation on the permeability of reservoirs are not clear. In order to predict the time and space of clogging by carbonate precipitation, column flow experiments were performed under various conditions.Supersaturated carbonate fluids were obtained from the Ogachi, Matsushiro, and Namikata field sites. These were introduced in flow experiments over a wide range of temperatures (20∼185 °C), pH (6∼11), and concentrations of reactants ([Ca] = 18∼850 mg/l) to vary the growth rate of carbonate minerals. The reduction of injectivity shows that fluid flow velocity controls the distribution and amount of carbonate deposition. The product of CO2 concentration and S.I., defined as the logarithm of the ion activity product per the solubility product, might be the index for predicting the time required for clogging to be observed. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Evaluation of uneven water resource and relation between anthropogenic water withdrawal and ecosystem degradation in Changjiang and Yellow River basins
Authors: Nakayama Tadanobu , Shankman David 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe diverse hydro‐climate between northern and southern China causes serious complications related to increasing food demand, declining water availability, and increasing flood risk in Changjiang and Yellow River basins. The huge projects of Three Gorges Dam (TGD) for diminishing flood and South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) for driving water from Changjiang to Yellow and Hai Rivers to compensate for an imbalance of environmental resources will not necessarily solve all of the problems that they were originally intended to address. A sophisticated eco‐hydrological model is required to evaluate the optimum amount of transferred water associated with these projects, together with socio‐economic and environmental consequences. For this purpose, the process‐based National Integrated Catchment‐based Eco‐hydrology (NICE) model was modified to couple with complex sub‐systems in irrigation, stream junction, reservoir operation, and water transfer, to develop coupled human and natural systems and evaluate cause and effect of uneven water resources. The model clarified the impact of irrigation on eco‐hydrological processes and predicted hydrologic change after TGD and SNWTP to estimate whether dilemmas between water stress, crop productivity, and ecosystem degradation would diminish. The result also showed the missing role of surface water – groundwater interactions and lateral subsurface flow, usually not considered important by assuming stationarity in previous researches of continental scales. A heterogeneous pattern of Time‐Integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index gradient in agricultural fields helped to estimate uneven crop yield and its relation to water availability. This integrated approach will have some roles not only to re‐consider this complex process from the view point of hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles, but also to clarify how the substantial pressures of complicated problems can be overcome by effective trans‐boundary solutions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular phylogenetic analyses of albuminoids reveal the molecular evolution of allosteric properties
Authors: Ascenzi Paolo , di Masi Alessandra , Leboffe Loris , Alberio Tiziana , Fanali Gabriella , Fasano Mauro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSerum albumin, α‐fetoprotein, afamin (also named α‐albumin and vitamin E binding protein), and vitamin D binding protein are members of the albuminoid superfamily. Albuminoids are plasma proteins characterized by a marked ability for ligand binding and transport. Here, a focused phylogenetic analysis of sequence evolution by maximum likelihood of fatty acid binding sites FA1–FA7 of mammalian albuminoids reveals that the FA1, FA2, and FA3+FA4 sites in serum albumins have evolved from the most recent common ancestor through an intermediate that has originated the α‐fetoprotein and afamin clades. The same topology has been observed for the whole protein sequences, for the sequences of all the fatty acid binding sites (FA1–FA7) taken together, and for the allosteric core corresponding to residues 1–303 of human serum albumin. The quantitative divergence analysis indicates that the ligand binding cleft corresponding to the FA2 site could be the main determinant of allosteric properties of serum albumins only. In fact, this binding cleft is structurally not effective in vitamin D binding proteins, whereas key residues that serve to allocate the allosteric effectors are not present in afamins and α‐fetoproteins. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(6):544–549, 2013
Progressively increasing fracture risk with advancing age after initial incident fragility fracture: The Tromsø Study
Authors: Ahmed Luai Awad , Center Jacqueline R , Bjørnerem Åshild , Bluic Dana , Joakimsen Ragnar M , Jørgensen Lone , Meyer Haakon E , Nguyen Nguyen D , Nguyen Tuan V , Omsland Tone K , Størmer Jan , Tell Grethe S , van Geel Tineke ACM , Eisman John A , Emaus Nina 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

The risk of subsequent fracture is increased after initial fractures; however, proper understanding of its magnitude is lacking. This population-based study examines the subsequent fracture risk in women and men by age and type of initial incident fracture. All incident nonvertebral fractures between 1994 and 2009 were registered in 27,158 participants in the Tromsø Study, Norway. The analysis included 3108 subjects with an initial incident fracture after the age of 49 years. Subsequent fracture (n = 664) risk was expressed as rate ratios (RR) and absolute proportions irrespective of death. The rates of both initial and subsequent fractures increased with age, the latter with the steepest curve. Compared with initial incident fracture rate of 30.8 per 1000 in women and 12.9 per 1000 in men, the overall age-adjusted RR of subsequent fracture was 1.3 (95% CI, 1.2–1.5) in women, and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.6–2.4) in men. Although the RRs decreased with age, the absolute proportions of those with initial fracture who suffered a subsequent fracture increased with age; from 9% to 30% in women and from 10% to 26% in men, between the age groups 50–59 to 80+ years. The type of subsequent fracture varied by age from mostly minor fractures in the youngest to hip or other major fractures in the oldest age groups, irrespective of type and severity of initial fracture. In women and men, 45% and 38% of the subsequent hip or other major fractures, respectively, were preceded by initial minor fractures. The risk of subsequent fracture is high in all age groups. At older age, severe subsequent fracture types follow both clinically severe and minor initial incident fractures. Any fragility fracture in the elderly reflects the need for specific osteoporosis management to reduce further fracture risk. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Differences in skeletal microarchitecture and strength in African-American and white women
Authors: Putman Melissa S , Yu Elaine W , Lee Hang , Neer Robert M , Schindler Elizabeth , Taylor Alexander P , Cheston Emily , Bouxsein Mary L , Finkelstein Joel S 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

African-American women have a lower risk of fracture than white women, and this difference is only partially explained by differences in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) areal bone mineral density (aBMD). Little is known about racial differences in skeletal microarchitecture and the consequences for bone strength. To evaluate potential factors underlying this racial difference in fracture rates, we used high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) to assess cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture and estimate bone strength using micro–finite element analysis (µFEA) in African-American (n = 100) and white (n = 173) women participating in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). African-American women had larger and denser bones than whites, with greater total area, aBMD, and total volumetric BMD (vBMD) at the radius and tibia metaphysis (p &lt; 0.05 for all). African-Americans had greater trabecular vBMD at the radius, but higher cortical vBMD at the tibia. Cortical microarchitecture tended to show the most pronounced racial differences, with higher cortical area, thickness, and volumes in African-Americans at both skeletal sites (p &lt; 0.05 for all), and lower cortical porosity in African-Americans at the tibia (p &lt; 0.05). African-American women also had greater estimated bone stiffness and failure load at both the radius and tibia. Differences in skeletal microarchitecture and estimated stiffness and failure load persisted even after adjustment for DXA aBMD. The densitometric and microarchitectural predictors of failure load at the radius and tibia were the same in African-American and white women. In conclusion, differences in bone microarchitecture and density contribute to greater estimated bone strength in African-Americans and probably explain, at least in part, the lower fracture risk of African-American women. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Highly sensitive analysis of catecholamines by counter‐flow electrokinetic supercharging in the constant voltage mode
Authors: Kwon Joon Yub , Chang Seo Bong , Jang Yong Oh , Dawod Mohamed , Chung Doo Soo 
Published: April 2013

Electrokinetic supercharging is one of the most powerful sample‐stacking methods that combines field amplified sample injection and transient ITP. In counter‐flow electrokinetic supercharging, a constant counter pressure is applied during sample injection in order to counterbalance the movement of the injected sample zone. As a result, there will be a pronounced increase in the amount of sample injected and the portion of the capillary available for electrophoresis. In this report, counter‐flow electrokinetic supercharging optimization factors such as the electric field application in the constant voltage and constant current modes, the magnitude of counter pressure, and the terminating electrolyte concentrations were investigated. The enrichments obtained with a 30 min injection of 10 nM catecholamines in 5 mM terminating electrolyte solution in the constant voltage mode applying a counter pressure of 1.3 psi were 41000‐fold for dopamine, 50 000‐fold for norepinephrine, and 32 000‐fold for epinephrine, yielding detection limits of 1.3, 1.4, and 1.2 nM, respectively, with absorbance detection at 200 nm.