bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFICIÊNCIA DE PRESERVANTES FUNGICIDAS EM MADEIRAS DE DUAS ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS SUBMETIDAS À DETERIORAÇÃO POR FUNGO
Authors: Gallio Ezequiel , Gatto Darci Alberto , Lazarotto Marília , Beltrame Rafael 
Published: August 2024

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de produtos fungicidas na preservação de madeiras de Eucalyptus dunnii e Pinus elliottii. Para isso, corpos de prova de 2,5 x 2,5 x 0,9cm (tangencial x radial x longitudinal), foram impregnados com borato de cobre cromatado (CCB), piretróides sintéticos e carbamatos (PSC) e quelato de cobre e carbamatos (QCC), com concentrações de 2%, 4% e 6% por processo de vácuo-pressão. Avaliou-se a perda de massa e variação na dureza Janka e teor de umidade devido deterioração provocada pelo fungo de podridão branca Ganoderma applanatum. A perda de massa foi de 4,6% para o Eucalyptus dunnii e 11,9% para o Pinus elliottii. A deterioração elevou o teor de umidade e reduziu a dureza. Para ambas as espécies, observou-se correlação alta, diretamente proporcional e significativa para a perda de massa e teor de umidade. Já a relação entre a perda de massa e a dureza foi inversamente proporcional para ambas as espécies, sendo alta e significativa para o Eucalyptus dunnii, e não significativa para o Pinus elliottii. Concluiu-se que o princípio ativo de destaque frente aos demais foi o PSC, com concentração de 6% e que a perda de massa influenciou as outras propriedades.Palavras-chave: podridão branca, preservação da madeira, propriedades tecnológicas.EFFICIENCY OF PRESERVATIVES FUNGICIDES IN TWO FOREST WOODS SPECIES SUBMITTED TO FUNGUS DETERIORATION ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of fungicide products in the Eucalyptus dunnii and Pinus elliottii wood preservation. For this, 2.5 x 2.5 x 0.9 cm (tangential x radial x longitudinal) specimens were impregnated with chromated copper borate (CCB), synthetic pyrethroids and carbamates (PSC), and copper chelate and carbamates(QCC) at concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6%, by vacuum-pressure process. It was evaluated the mass loss, and variation in Janka hardness and moisture content because the deterioration caused by the white rot fungus Ganoderma applanatum. The mass loss was 4.6% for Eucalyptus dunnii and 11.9% for Pinus elliottii. The deterioration increased the moisture content and reduced the hardness. For both species, a high and directly proportional and significant correlation was observed for mass loss and moisture content. However, the relationship between mass loss and hardness was inversely proportional to both species, being high and significant for Eucalyptus dunnii, and not significant for Pinus elliottii. It was concluded that the main active principle in relation to the others was the PSC, with concentration of 6% and that the mass loss influenced the other properties.Keywords: white rot, wood preservation, technological properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n06a09
COMPOSTAGEM DE RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS PROVENIENTES DO RESTAURANTE DO IFMA - CAMPUS CODÓ
Authors: Lopes Sobrinho Oswaldo Palma , Pereira Álvaro Itauna Schalcher , Júnior Wady Lima Castro , Oliveira Luciana dos Santos , Xavier Rosinete dos Santos , Silva Thaine Teixeira , Silva Lana Fernanda Borges da , Costa Denise Arrais da Silva , Cantanhede Erika de Kássia Pereira 
Published: August 2024

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a eficiência do processo de compostagem, no reaproveitamento das sobras alimentares do restaurante do IFMA - Campus Codó, em virtude da valorização da qualidade do adubo orgânico. O sistema experimental de compostagem foi conduzido durante os meses 05/11 a 01/12 no IFMA - Campus Codó. A utilização do material orgânico proveniente do restaurante foi composta por resíduos/desperdícios alimentar, folhas, sabugos, bagaços, dentre outros. As camadas constituintes da pilha do composto foram feitas com 1,5 m de largura, 1,5 m de comprimento e 2,0 m de altura no período de aproximadamente 70 dias. No período de amadurecimento da pilha, a mesma foi revirada periodicamente realizando-se coleta de amostras para a caracterização química em relação ao pH, temperatura, volume, macronutrientes, e micronutrientes com coletas de dados a cada 20 dias. Na utilização de resíduos vegetais como substratos observou-se que a redução de volume obedecia a um comportamento quadrático, ou seja, redução acentuada nas primeiras semanas de empilhamento, seguida de desaceleração gradual até o fim do processo. O índice de pH, a temperatura e a relação C/N encontrados no sistema experimental de compostagem foram parâmetros que garantiram a eficiência do composto vegetal quando aplicados diretamente ao solo.Palavras-chave: material vegetal, eficiência, empilhamento. COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC RESIDUES FROM RESTAURANT OF IFMA- CAMPUS CODÓ ABSTRACT:The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of the composting process, in the reuse of food leftovers from the IFMA - Campus Codó restaurant, due to the valorization of organic fertilizer quality. The experimental composting system was conducted during the months 05/11 to 01/12 at the IFMA - Campus Codó. The use of organic material from the restaurant was composed of food waste, food waste, leaves, sabugo, bagasse, among others. The composite layers of the compost stack were made 1.5 m wide, 1.5 m long and 2.0 m high in the period of approximately 70 days. In the period of maturation of the cell, it was periodically revolved by collecting samples for chemical characterization in relation to pH, temperature, volume, macronutrients, and micronutrients with data collection every 20 days. In the use of vegetable residues as substrates it was observed that the volume reduction was due to a quadratic behavior, that is, a sharp reduction in the first weeks of stacking, followed by gradual deceleration until the end of the process. The pH, temperature and C/N ratio found in the experimental composting system were parameters that ensured the efficiency of the compost when applied directly to the soil.Keywords: plant material, efficiency, stacking. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa05
ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO E COMERCIALIZAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE MADEIRA SERRADA (1993-2013)
Authors: Kloczko Claudio , Zaque Leonardo Antônio Moraes , Tavares Sidnei Gregorio , Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Machado Neto Arlindo de Paula , Pedrosa Talita Dantas 
Published: August 2024

Objetivou-se analisar a produção e comercialização brasileira de madeira serrada de espécies de folhosas. Para isso, foram utilizados dados divulgados pela Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), correspondentes ao período de 1993 a 2013, referentes à produção e exportação de madeira serrada de não coníferas, incluindo madeiras tropicais nativas e madeiras provenientes de reflorestamento. Foi observado que a produção nacional apresentou uma forte redução a partir de 2007. Verificou-se ainda, que a maior parte da produção nacional é voltada para o consumo interno, cerca de 90% do total produzido. Devido a isso a participação do Brasil no mercado externo de madeira serrada ainda é incipiente, pois os produtos ofertados, de modo geral, não se enquadram nos padrões e exigências de comercialização internacional, além dos diversos entraves existentes no setor como a liberação para exploração florestal, obtenção das toras, barreiras externas e morosidade dos órgãos fiscalizadores.Palavras-chave: serraria, produção florestal, comercialização de produtos florestais. PRODUCTION AND TRADE ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN LUMBER (1993 TO 2013) ABSTRACT:The work aimed to evaluate the production and trade of Brazilian non-coniferous lumber. For this, data was used by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) between years 1993 to 2013, on the production and export of non-coniferous lumber, including native tropical timber and wood from reforestation. It was observed that domestic production showed a strong reduction from 2007. It was also found that most of the domestic production is for the domestic consumption, reaching about 90% of total production. Because of this the participation of Brazil in the foreign market is still small, which can be attributed to low supply of timber that meets the standards and international marketing requirements, in addition to the many existing barriers in the industry, ranging from the release for exploration forestry, obtaining logs, external barriers, lengthy regulatory agencies.Keywords: sawmill, forestry, marketing of forest products. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa15
QUALIDADE PÓS-COLHEITA DE FRUTOS DE MARACUJAZEIRO-AMARELO PRODUZIDOS EM MATO GROSSO
Authors: Botelho Silvia de Carvalho Campos , Roncatto Givanildo , Botelho Fernando Mendes , Oliveira Suzinei Silva , Wobeto Carmen 
Published: August 2024

O maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims) é a espécie mais cultivada entre os maracujazeiros no Brasil, devido a sua importância para consumo in natura ou como suco. O estado de Mato Grosso tem condições edafoclimáticas favoráveis à cultura, porém com pouca tradição e resultados quanto ao cultivo do maracujazeiro. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos de cultivares de maracujazeiro-amarelo produzidos no estado de Mato Grosso. Foram utilizadas cinco cultivares comerciais, em experimento conduzido nos municípios de Terra Nova do Norte, Cáceres e Tangará da Serra. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 × 5, com quatro blocos e dez plantas por parcela, para avaliação das seis centrais. Foram avaliados 10 frutos de cada genótipo, de cada bloco, em cada município. As análises físico-químicas consistiram em determinação do comprimento, diâmetro, espessura de casca, massa do fruto, massa da casca, teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, ratio e vitamina C dos frutos.Palavras-chave: Passiflora edulis, cultivares, maracujá POST-HARVEST QUALITY OF YELLOW PASSION FRUIT PRODUCED IN MATO GROSSO STATE ABSTRACT:The yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is the most cultivated species among passion fruit in Brazil, due to its importance for consumption in natura or as juice. The state of Mato Grosso has favorable soil and climatic conditions, but with little tradition and results regarding the cultivation of passion fruit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-harvest quality of fruits of yellow passion fruit cultivars produced in the state of Mato Grosso. Five commercial cultivars were used in an experiment conducted in the municipalities of Terra Nova do Norte, Cáceres and Tangará da Serra. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 3 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replications and ten plants per plot, to evaluate the six plants. Ten fruits of each genotype were evaluated, from each block in each municipality. The physico-chemical analysis consisted of determination of the length, diameter, bark thickness, fruit mass, bark mass, total soluble solids content, total titratable acidity, fruit ratio and vitamin C.Keywords: Passiflora edulis, cultivars, passion fruit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa02
ESTOQUES DE CARBONO LÁBIL E TOTAL EM SOLO SOB INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA-PECUÁRIA-FLORESTA NA REGIÃO DE TRANSIÇÃO CERRADO/AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Isernhagen Elaine Cristina Casula , Rodrigues Renato de Aragão Ribeiro , Diel Débora , Matos Eduardo da Silva , Conceição Marcela Cardoso Guilles da 
Published: August 2024

Objetivou-se comparar o sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta com sistemas exclusivos quanto à assimilação e manutenção do carbono orgânico total (COT) e carbono lábil (CL), após o segundo ano de estabelecimento. Os tratamentos constituíram os seguintes sistemas de produção: floresta de eucalipto (EUC), pastagem com Brachiaria brizantha (PAST), lavoura de soja-milho consorciada com B. brizantha (LAV) e integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF). Uma área de fragmento florestal nativo (Mata) e uma de pousio (Pousio) foram utilizadas como referência. A área sob cultivo de EUC obteve o menor teor de COT na camada 0-5cm, enquanto LAV e PAST apresentaram os maiores teores. Por sua vez, os teores de COT para o sistema ILPF, na camada 0-5cm, ficou em uma posição intermediária aos demais. A conversão da vegetação nativa para em cultivo agrícola e florestal contribuiu para a redução dos estoques de COT no solo em 20% na camada de 0-30 cm, representando uma perda de 17,4 Mg ha-1. O efeito do componente florestal na distribuição horizontal do estoque de COT dentro do ILPF foi favorecido no sentido sul, tendência não verificada para CL. Em curto prazo, os impactos dos sistemas conservacionistas sobre os teores de COT e CL do solo foram identificados apenas na camada superficial.Palavras-chave: agrossilvipastoril; permanganato de potássio; matéria orgânica do solo LABILE AND TOTAL CARBON POOLS IN SOIL UNDER INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK-FOREST SYSTEM IN THE CERRADO/AMAZONIA ECOTONE ABSTRACT:The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the carbon assimilation and maintenance among an integrated crop-livestock-forest system and nonintegrated systems through the pools of total soil organic carbon (COT) and labile carbon (CL) after the second year of establishment. Treatments comprised the following production systems: eucalyptus forest (EUC), Brachiaria brizantha pasture (PAST), soybean-corn tillage intercropping with B. brizantha (LAV) and integrated crop-livestock-forest system (ILPF). An area of native forest fragment (Mata) and a fallow area (Pousio) were used as references. The effects of the forest component on the COT and CL pools in the ILPF were also evaluated. The area under EUC had the lowest concentration of COT in 0-5cm layer, while LAV and PAST showed higher concentrations. Conversion of natural vegetation to cultivated systems reduced soil C stock by 20% in the 0-30 cm layer which corresponded to 17.4 Mg ha-1. The results suggest that the effect of forest component in the horizontal distribution of the TOC stock was favored in the south face of the ILPF, but this trend was not observed for CL. In a short term, the effects of ILPF on COT and CL pools were not statistically detectable.Keywords: agrosilvopastoral, soil organic matter, potassium permanganate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa09
ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS E MECÂNICAS DE PAINÉIS COMPENSADOS E LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER (LVL)
Authors: Mendoza Zaira Morais dos Santos Hurtado de de , Borges Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza , Santos Emanuella Araújo dos , Penna José Eduardo , Elias Maísa Pavani dos Santos , Morais Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza 
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo comparativo das propriedades físicas e mecânicas de painéis compensados e laminated veneer lumber (LVL), produzidos com lâminas da madeira de Amescla (Trattinnickia burserifolia). A metodologia adotada na confecção dos painéis foi de acordo com a linha de produção empresarial. Os dois tipos de painéis foram montados com sete lâminas e a colagem foi feita com resina à base de fenol formaldeído. Os ensaios foram realizados conforme as normas da ABNT. Para as propriedades físicas somente a massa específica e o inchamento em espessura apresentaram diferença estatística, sendo que o painel LVL apresentou a menor massa específica e o maior inchamento em espessura. Para as propriedades mecânicas, verificadas no ensaio de flexão estática, houve diferença entre os dois tipos de painéis, sendo que o maior módulo de ruptura (MOR) e o maior módulo de elasticidade (MOE) foram para o painel LVL. Para a avaliação da qualidade de colagem, houve diferença entre os dois tipos de painéis nos ensaios de cisalhamento, sendo que o LVL foi o painel que apresentou maior resistência na linha de cola. O painel LVL mostrou-se, na maioria dos ensaios executados, superior ao painel compensado.Palavras-chave: compósitos de madeira; caracterização tecnológica; Trattinnickia burserifolia. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PANEL PLYWOOD AND LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER (LVL) ABSTRACT:The objective of the research was to make a comparative study of the physical and mechanical properties of panels plywood and LVL (laminated veneer lumber), produced with Trattinnickia burserifolia The methodology adopted in the preparation of the panels was carried out according to the business production line. The two types of panels were assembled with seven blades and the bonding was done with resin based on phenol formaldehyde. The specimens were tested according to ABNT standards. For the physical properties, only the specific mass and the swelling in thickness presented statistical difference, being that the LVL panel presented the lowest specific mass and the largest swelling in thickness. For the mechanical properties, verified in the static flexion test, there was difference between the two types of panels, with the largest modulus of rupture (MOR) and the largest modulus of elasticity (MOE) were for the LVL panel. For the evaluation of the bonding quality, there was a difference between the two types of panels in the shear tests, and the LVL was the panel that presented greater resistance in the glue line. The LVL panel has proven to be superior to the compensated panel in most tests.Keywords: wood composites, technological characterization, Trattinnickia burserifolia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa19
DESTINATION OF PUBLIC FORESTS IN BRAZIL: AN ANALYSIS OF FOREST CONCESSIONS
Authors: Donicht Fernandes Ana Paula , Hoeflich Vitor Afonso , Viana Giomar , Amendola Elisandra Carina , Montero de Oliveira Fernando Esteban , Ansolin Roni Djeison 
Published: August 2024

DESTINO DAS FLORESTAS PÚBLICAS NO BRASIL: ANÁLISE DAS CONCESSÕES FLORESTAIS The forest concession policy objective is to prevent forest degradation, transfer part of the functions and public responsibilities to the private sector and at the same time increase income and improving the life quality of local people. Of the total 310.7 million hectares of federal public forests in Brazil, 77% are destined areas and 23% hectares of are not destined areas. However, the areas under concessions are the National Forests, a conservation unit with the objective of sustainable multiple use of forest resources and scientific research. In this context, this paper aims to discuss two points related to the forest concession on destined areas, first regarding financial resources for monitoring activities of Public Forests under concessions and for the maintenance of conservation units; and the second regarding the indicators measured in the management area under forest concession.Keywords: destined areas, national forests, national cadastre of public forests. RESUMO:O objetivo da política de concessão florestal é prevenir a degradação das florestas, transferindo parte das funções e responsabilidades públicas para o setor privado e, ao mesmo tempo, aumentar a renda e melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas locais. Do total de 310,7 milhões de hectares de florestas públicas federais no Brasil, 77% são áreas destinadas e 23% são áreas não destinadas. No entanto, as áreas sob concessões são as Florestas Nacionais, uma unidade de conservação com o objetivo de uso múltiplo sustentável de recursos florestais e pesquisas científicas. Neste contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo discutir dois pontos relacionados à concessão florestal em áreas destinadas, primeiro em relação aos recursos financeiros gastos para monitorar atividades em Florestas Públicas sob concessões e a manutenção destas mesmas áreas como unidades de conservação; e o segundo relacionado aos indicadores medidos na área de gerenciamento sob concessão florestal.Palavras-chave: áreas destinadas, florestas nacionais, cadastro nacional de florestas públicas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa06
Highlighting the Ongoing Roads Infrastructure Challenges: Car Ownership Rates in Iraq
Authors: Taqi Shaker Al-Obaedi Jalal 
Published: August 2024

Vehicles that use highway facilities have increased rapidly last decades mainly due to increasing of population and also due to industrials development for vehicles. In Iraq, it has been noticed that the car ownership has been increased since the year of 2003. This paper uses real data taken from the Central Statistical Organization of Iraq (CSO) to focus on car ownership in Iraq as a whole as well as focusing on each province separately. The finding of this paper highlighted the ongoing traffic problems due to sharp increase in the number of vehicles and the unusual traffic growth rate. The expected number of vehicles during the next 10 years is estimated and expected to increase from 4.5 million on 2013 to be as minimum as 11 million private cars. This will create a new challenge for Iraq roads infrastructure which must be enhanced significantly so as to cover such increase in traffic. The results suggest that the average car ownership per 1000 people is increased from 58 to 124 from 2003 to 2013. The average car ownership per households has also increased from 0.39 to 0.83 vehicles per households. Significant differences in car ownership rates are found among Kurdistan, middle and south regions in Iraq. The annual traffic growth rate during the last 10 years of 11.5% is found which is much higher than the population growth rate of 3.14%.
Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Reinforced with Fibers and Nanoparticles
Authors: Rustum Mohsin Najah 
Published: August 2024

A composite material is a material that consists of a matrix (base phase) and a stiffener (reinforcement) that combined together to build up a structural unit. Reinforcement material form may be fibers, flakes or as a particle. In the current paper, unsaturated polyester resin (UP) was used as a base material, Sisal fibers (SF), glass fibers (GF) and Silica dioxide (SiO2) particles were performed as a reinforcing material. Three composite types were prepared: (C1) UP only, (C2) UP reinforced with 15% SF and 15% GF, and (C3) UP reinforced with 15% SF and 15% SiO2 to investigate the effect of reinforcement type on some mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, compressive strength, hardness and impact toughness with various temperatures.
The experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of composite materials were improved by using reinforcement with fibers and nanoparticles. The high values of elasticity, hardness and toughness were obtained with the specimen C2 composite. While the highest values of compressive strength were obtained with the specimen C3.
On the other hand, the modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and hardness were decreased with increasing of temperature values with various percentages. Other clockwise, the toughness values were increased
Study the performance of microchannel heat exchanger with combined effect of PDF and PDF and different flow arrangements
Authors: A. Mohammad Dounia , I. Hasan Mushtaq , J. shkara Ahmed 
Published: August 2024

This paper numerically investigated the square microchannel heat exchanger (MCHE) at hydraulic diameter 20 ?m and the diluted water 1:1 potassium chloride (KCl) solution as a working fluid at ionic concentration M with using silicon microchannel. A comparison has been made between parallel and counter flow with two methods of driven flow of liquid through MCHE (pressure driven flow PDF and electroosmotic flow EOF) with using two values of zeta potential (-75, -200 mv) to investigate the effect of zeta potential on performance of parallel and counter flow. In this paper solved a three dimensional Poisson-Boltzmann equations and Navier-stoke equations with electric field which applied on electrolyte solution have been solved using the finite volume scheme. The results showed that, the total pressure drop increased at combined EOF/PDF compared with pure pressure driven and it clear in parallel flow more than counter flow. Heat transfer rate for counter flow is higher in parallel flow. That the increasing in zeta potential of surface charge caused an increase effect of EDL due to increase in Helmholtz-Smolochowski velocity