bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change increases the drought risk in Central European forests: What are the options for adaptation?
Authors: Hlásny Tomáš , Mátyás Csaba , Seidl Rupert , Kulla Ladislav , Merganičová Katarína , Trombik Jiří , Dobor Laura , Barcza Zoltán , Konôpka Bohdan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper presents information on the projected drought exposure of Central Europe, describes the anticipated dynamics of the regional forests, and identifies measures facilitating the adaptation of forests to climate change-induced drought risk. On the basis of an ensemble of climate change scenarios we expect substantial drying in southern Slovakia and Hungary, while such trends were found to be less pronounced for the Czech Republic and Austria. In response to these climate trajectories, a change in species composition towards a higher share of drought tolerant species as well as the use of drought resistant provenances are identified as paramount actions in forest adaptation in the region. Adaptation to aggravating climate change may need to use artificial regeneration to enrich local gene pools and increase the drought tolerance of stands. Increasing risks from pests, pathogens and other disturbances are expected as a result of more frequent and severe droughts, underlining the need to put a stronger focus on risk management principles rather than on indicators of productivity in silviculture and forest planning. A consolidation of disturbance monitoring systems and a broader use of pest dynamics and hazard rating models are paramount tools to facilitate this adaptation process in forest management. The effectiveness of all the suggested measures needs to be controlled by efficient forest monitoring systems, the consolidation of which seems to be a timely task. Systematic and long-term implementation of the presented measures should increase forest stability and resilience, and further secure the sustainable provision of ecosystem services under climate change.
Effect of biometeorological variables on the onset of phenophases derived from MODIS data and visual observations
Authors: Lukasová Veronika , Vasiľová Ivana , Bucha Tomáš , Snopková Zora , Škvarenina Jaroslav 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this study we analyzed the effect of selected biometeorological variables on the onset of phenophases in three beech stands in different climatic areas (warm, moderately warm and cold). We have focused on two phenophases - leaf unfolding and leaf colouring. Timing of both phenophases was identified visually and using series of MODIS satellite images. The data were collected during a 13-year period (2000-2012). For the spring period, we found a significant dependence between temperature and precipitation-based biometeorological variables and leaf unfolding in both datasets - those based on visual and remote sensing-based observations. The average air temperature in the period from February-April was the most significant factor which initiated the onset of beginning of leaf unfolding in all three investigated stands. The evapotranspiration-based biometeorological variables (climatic water balance, actual evapotranspiration, dryness index) had no effect on the onset of the beginning of leaf unfolding observed using both methods. The high precipitation totals in April caused the later onset of leaf unfolding in all stands. The relationship between the first autumn phenophase - leaf colouring and biometeorological variables was found significant in beech stand in the warm climatic area only.
Inter- and intra-annual dynamics of height increment in young beech and spruce stands in relation to tree size and weather conditions
Authors: Konôpka Bohdan , Pajtík Jozef , Bošeľa Michal , Hlásny Tomáš , Sitková Zuzana 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We investigated the seasonal dynamics of height increment, as well as total annual height increment, in 2009-2013 on young stands of beech and spruce grown at the same site. The results showed that the inter-annual dynamics of basic stand characteristics, especially tree density, were more obvious in spruce than in beech stands. Much higher tree mortality in spruce was explained by a lower light intensity under the spruce stand canopy and higher tolerance of beech to shade. Large interspecific differences were also found in the timing of height increment. Specifically, the height increment of beech trees started earlier than those of spruce. Moreover, the terminal grew for longer in spruce (nearly 70 days) compared to beech (about 45 days). The comparisons between the courses of the height increment and the ambient factors suggested that global radiation played a principal role. In the beech stand, the maximum height increment rate occurred during the same days as the maximal global radiation in 2009 and 2011, while a decline of the height increment occurred simultaneously with a depression in global radiation in 2012. As for the spruce stand, its one-peak maxima in height increment were related to the maximum of global radiation in 2009 and in 2012. On the other hand, double-peak courses of height increment in 2010 and 2011 may have been related to sudden declines in global radiation. Interspecific differences in height increment timing might play a certain role in cases of unfavourable weather conditions, e.g. drought episodes in the middle part of the growing season when the height increment would be accomplished in beech but would still be ongoing in spruce.
Analysis of abundance and quality characteristics of individuals in a regenerated Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) stand
Authors: Gubka Karol , Pittner Ján 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A 40-year-long research of the influence of diverse silvicultural managements on Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) stand development
has been performed in Šahy Forest District (Veľký Šomoš locality). Currently (stand age 85 years) the stand regeneration has begun.
A shelterwood-strip-system of regeneration with a short regeneration period (10 or 15 years) is recommended. During the silvicultural
selection of trees we examined quantitative biometrical characteristics and qualitative characteristics. We found out that on the plot with
the seed cut 20% of individuals were bent or created vegetative sprouts, 10% of trees had a fork crown and 7% were mechanically damaged.
41% of trees were undamaged. On the plot with the clear cut,up to 47.5% of trees (including chosen trees) were without degradations
marks. The number of bent trees (10%) was lower compared to the plot with the seed cut, but the number of trees with vegetative sprouts
was higher (26%). Statistical analysis based on χ2 test revealed that the differences in the abundance of qualitative characteristics between
the investigated regeneration elements were statistically insignificant. In Europe, Northern red oak is a tree species of the future, so it is
necessary to pay more attention to this species.
Semiautomatic tree ring segmentation using Active Contours and an optimised gradient operator / Poloautomatizovaná segmentácia ročných radiálnych kruhov stromov s využitím metódy „Active Contours“ a optimalizovaného gradientového operátora
Authors: Henke Michael , Sloboda Branislav 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper presents an easy and effective method to extract tree rings completely from images of tree discs independent of their source. The method uses Active Contours, often used in medical image processing to detect organs, in combination with an optimised image filter based on the Sobel operator to automatically outline the tree rings. Special attention is given to eliminate critical physical irregularities caused by branches, cracks or colourisations. The work resulted in the implementation of a platform independent, free and open source software solution for semiautomatic tree ring segmentation. Comparison to manual measurements shows that the system is dependable and the results are reproducible. The system has been applied to several conifer species.
Laboratory experiments with growth potential of Cenangium ferruginosum tested on natural nutrition soils
Authors: Kunca Andrej , Leontovyč Roman 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Začiatkom jari 2012 sa v niektorych oblastiach Slovenska objavilo važne poškodenie borovic. Hnednutie ihlic všetkych ročnikov, nekrozy kory a rakovinove rany na vetvach boli priznakmi tohto poškodenia. Neboli zistene poškodenia podkornym a listožravym hmyzom, koreňove hniloby, sypavky a ani tracheomykozy. Taktiež sme vylučili pyknidovku beľovu Sphaeropsis sapinea ako povodcu tohto hynutia borovic, hoci poškodenie borovic touto hubou bolo v obdobi rokov 2000 až 2007 najvyznamnejšie a v menšom rozsahu pretrvava stale. Laboratornymi rozbormi sme zistili pritomnosť huby Cenangium ferruginosum, ziskali sme čiste kultury a infekčnymi testami sme overili patogenitu ziskaneho izolatu. Potencialnu patogenitu sme testovali ako schopnosť mycelia rasť na prirodzenych živnych podach pripravenych z vyluhu listov, resp. dreva a kory vetvičiek vybranych drevin. Poznatky z terennych šetreni, laboratornych rozborov a terennych hodnoteni možnych predispozičnych faktorov su opisane v tomto članku.
Zmeny druhového zloženia Bábskeho lesa po ťažbe dreva
Authors: Pilková Ivana 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We present the results of a research which was realized in June 2011 on the location of the Bab forest (SW Slovakia, Nitra loess upland). On 30 permanent areas in the Bab forest there were 117 taxa of higher plants registered. On 12 permanent clear-cut areas were situated 87 taxa and on 18 forest areas 61 plant taxa. a higher number of species was registered on permanent clear-cut areas where heliophilous plants dominated. On clear cuts was also a bigger cover of herbs. There were dominated hemicryptophytes and terophytes unlike forest areas where nano- and makrofanerophytes dominate and where tree and shrub layers have a high cover. The highest frequency of occurrence on clear-cuts (100%) achieved species Geum urbanum and Pulmonaria officinalis and in the forest stand the forest taxa Mercurialis perennis, Hedera helix and Melica uniflora. On all 30 areas dominated indigenous species and apophytes. Four new clear cut areas and 6 open stands arose after realisation of clear and shelterwood fellings in November 2006 and subsequently a change of plant species composition occurred. The logging created suitable conditions for penetration of non-indigenous species from the surrounding (mainly anthropogenic) habitats. That is why there are largely synanthropic and non-indigenous taxa represented on permanent clear-cut areas, which are spreading further to the forest stand as well as distant areas of the Bab forest.
Analýza aktuálneho zvyšovania produkcie Lesov SR na základe údajov LHP
Authors: Herich Ivan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper is based on results from assessment of the production characteristics development in sampling sets of forest management plans with the same date of validity and the validity period. Database is generated by basis sets of forest management plans valid from 1983. The aim of the analysis is to quantify and compare the development of production characteristics of the prevailing tree species in time levels and to quantify the impact of increasing growing stock.
We have analysed the variables of the main crop: mean height, mean diameter, absolute yield class, current annual increment, growing stock and crop density.
The result is a progressive, balanced and significant trend of increasing production characteristics, which confirms the results of the selection assessment and indicates increased and fast growth of Slovak forests in the research period.
The analysis showed that increasing total growing stock is caused except increasing mean heights and mean diameters in particular by changes of the age structure that is reflected in increasing average age of the area.
SWOT strategies for forestry logistics in six European regions
Authors: Kovalčík Miroslav , Mühlberg Christoph , Oberwimmer Roland , Pretterhofer Erhard , Felix Christian , Gabathuler Michael , Holtkämper Volker , Kies Uwe , Soloviy Ihor , Pahl Iris 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper presents findings from a comparative analysis of three major topical fields of interest notably supply chain management, technological progress and mass flux analysis in six European forest regions of the IN2WOOD project (FP7 RoK 2010-2012). The study identifies matching strengths and weaknesses and summarizes cross-regional priorities. Based on this information, a set of the region’s strategies was compiled in view of the general objective to optimise logistics. Four different strategy types were proposed: SO-strategy (internal strengths were used to realise external opportunities, WO-strategy (reducing internal weakness to realise external opportunities), ST-strategy (internal strengths were used to minimise external threats) and WT-strategy (reducing the internal weaknesses to avoid external threats). Main common strategies for forestry logistics are: developing clear concepts for the implementation of ICT applications for difficult terrain like GPS-maps in mountainous regions, increasing the possibility of co-operations between the actors involved and developing a detailed mass flux analyses as a basis for SCM concepts.
Dynamika obnovy a vývoja lesných porastov na Slovensku počas ostatných piatich desaťročí
Authors: Konôpka Jozef , Šebeň Vladimír , Konôpka Bohdan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
General information on forest growth and development as well as different approaches of forest management are presented in the introduction of the paper. Furthermore, it shows an analysis of the development of tree species composition in the Slovak forests during the last 50 years. Historical data base for the analysis originated from the forestry records (especially Permanent Forest Inventory). Our attention was focused on reforestation with respect to tree species, tree species composition in young forest stands by age classes and relations between these forest characteristics. The next section of the paper describes new proposals for regulation of forest regeneration and reforestation with the aim to achieve desired tree species composition in all age classes, not only in accordance with natural conditions but also respecting human demands in the future.
Struktura a modelový vývoj lesních porostů v NPR Trčkov – CHKO Orlické Hory, Česká republika
Authors: Vacek Zdeněk , Vacek Stanislav , Remeš Jiří , Štefančík Igor , Bulušek Dan , Bílek Lukáš 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe paper deals with the research of structure and dynamic development of stands in National Nature Reservation Trčkov, located in Protected Landscape Area Orlické Mts. (Czech Republic). The research was carried out in spruce-beech stand with admixed fir and sycamore maple. Two permanent research plots (PRP 1 and PRP 2), for each with area of 0.25 hectare were chosen as an object of our research. FieldMap technology was used for field measurement. Compared PRP were characterized by the same typological, soil, phytocenology and stand parameters, but different method of protection against game damage. Results showed that deer is considered to be limiting factor for successful development of natural regeneration of autochthonous tree species. The tree species proportion of natural regeneration occurred in PRP 1 with fencing was sufficient, contrary to PRP 2 (outside fencing) owing to site and stand conditions. The results of biometric measurements and predicted simulation by Sibyla growth simulator showed multi-layer stand structure and productive spruce-beech stands with interspersed fir and sycamore maple. We also found depleted phase of regeneration according to frequency and tree species proportion, as well as beginning of grow up stadium, especially related to fir and sycamore proportion and/or beech and spruce. It is concluded that growth visualization and simulation confirmed the hypothesis about long-term effect of game to species, spatial and age structure and development of concerned autochthonous population.
Oprášené spomienky a zopár nekonvenčných návrhov
Authors: Šály Rudolf 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper, important particularly in terms of comparison of temporal analyses in forestry (in tens of years), is focused on:
- assessment of the soil degradation rate caused by coniferous monocultures (mainly spruce),
- issues of soil protection in relation to forest roads (sloping tracks),
- present ecological impacts of the environment (including physiological processes of tree species) on forest soil and with an emphasis on timber production on forest stands,
The author evaluates and presents proposals for assessment of all the issues with great scientific erudition.
SIGNS and MEANINGS: Pataphallics: Jarry’s Novels and Ityphallicism
Authors: Rabaté Jean-Michel 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article discusses Alfred Jarry as a precursor of French modernism. With a particular focus on Messaline, Roman de l’ancienne Rome (1901) and Le Surmâle, Roman moderne (1902), I analyse the subtle ways in which the past and the future are intertwined and Jarry’s philosophy of sexual excess. In both novels, the main characters seek a paroxysmal erotic pleasure from which they die after reaching world records in sex-making. Read together, the novels work to create a lemniscate, the symbol of infinity symbolically represented, in modernism, by the speeding bicycle. In both novels, sexual excess leads to a superhuman transformation of women and men into a rigid phallus, underlying which is the fantasy of bisexualism.
JACOB’s LADDER: Reason, Liberty and Science. The Contribution of Freemasonry to the Enlightenment
Authors: Calance Mădălina 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The theme of the article relies to the particular contribution of Freemasonry in the initiation and development of modernity, focusing on science, religion and politics. We know that, during the late Middle Ages, the European society was obedient to the „Church-Tradition-Monarchy” trinity; this status-quo collapsed due to the rational way of thinking; also the establishment of the universal human rights belongs to the Enlightenment, whose theses were supported mainly by Freemasons. Many researchers have proposed to show the extent to which Freemasonry helped to build the ideals of Enlightenment. The main conclusions that can be drawn, by analyzing their tracks, are: (1) All famous leaders of the Enlightenment had connections to Freemasonry; (2) The Enlightenment tenets overlap Freemasonry tenets, and, therefore they were supported and propagated by English, French, and American lodges; (3) Freemasonry progressively turned into a transnational vehicle for liberal thinking, disseminating the concepts of property and freedom in Europe and across the Atlantic.
East Timor: A Historical Singularity
Authors: Thomaz Luís Filipe F. R. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
During the 24 years of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, to talk about its cultural individuality as a product of its history - focusing on what set it apart from Indonesia - was an act likely to raise suspicions of some kind of manipulation of history for political purposes. Naturally, the same suspicions could fall on anyone assuming an opposite view, that is a view that valued the connection uniting the two peoples and discarded what separated them. In this paper, we adhere more to the first perspective. Obviously, we are not driven by the desire to prove that East Timor had to be, a priori, independent; this is by no means the task of a historian. We are simply trying to explain, a posteriori, why, in the referendum of 30 August 1999, the people of East Timor voted overwhelmingly for independence
“You better not never tell nobody but God. It’d kill your mammy ”: The Violence of Language in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple
Authors: N’Guessan Kouadio Germain 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Alice Walker’s The Color Purple dramatizes African American women’s plight through the experience of a black girl, Celie, caught in the turmoil of the patriarchal system of her community. Leaning on the epistolary form and also choosing to address the black woman’s oppression first within the black community itself, the author detaches herself from the mainstream African American literary tradition to create a personal style. One of the characteristic traits of the novel is language as a communicative tool in the characters’ interrelation. In the narrative, this tool is mostly used to oppress the female protagonists, demonstrating thus its violent aspect. But sometimes, even though very rarely in the novel, it helps the oppressed subject to claim a voice. Finally, the epistolary form serves to create more emotion in the readers and consequently produces more reaction in them.
Testing the Lexical Competence of German in Slovak-German and German(Austrian)-Czech/Slovak Adolescent Bilinguals
Authors: Pallay Jozef 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper builds on our previous work in the field of bilingual education and/ or the process of natural bilingualisation of Slovak-German bilinguals in Slovak educational diasporas (educational islands) in Austria. Starting point of psycholinguistic testing based on classic American Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test ( PPVT -III in its revised and German version) presented in this paper is the thesis of initial lagging behind of linguistic (lexical, grammatical) competence level of language L2 of bilingual children from preschool age in relation to various sociolinguistic variables, which, however, with age may, under certain favourable conditions nearly equal competence of monolinguals and in the area of reception of language even exceed it. For testing the reception levels of German mental lexicon we used two approximately equally large groups of respondents in a bilingual secondary grammar school in Bratislava and Vienna. The hypothesis of our research was that bilingual Austrian-Czech/Slovak bilinguals from Austria would achieve significantly better results than the Slovak-German bilinguals from Slovakia. The test results, however, surprisingly disproved our hypothesis and want to contribute to the debate on setting minimum standards of language competence of bilinguals as well as on optimisation of conditions of bilingual or monolingual education of not only Slovaks abroad.
An Examination into the Impact of Sufism on Muslim Elites and the Development of Islam in Nigeria
Authors: Sulaiman Kamal-deen Olawale 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSufism is a living and dynamic esoteric institution in Islam, as demonstrated by the ever increasing number of its adherents, especially in Nigeria. This article therefore, examines the impact that the Sufimovement orders have made on the Muslims elites and the growth and spread of Islam in Nigeria. In doing so, the concept of Sufism, its place in Islam, and its impact in the world of Islam will be examined. The articles reveals that the Sufis play an important role in the propagation of Islam in Nigeria. Even today, the Sufiorders are still involved in the promotion of Islamic education and the propagation of Islam. This is so because, through the efficacy of prayers derived from it, Sufis were able to solve some personal problems of Muslims in Nigeria. The article concludes that the orders have led many of their members to acquire the necessary discipline before they can acquire deeper knowledge of the true existence of Allah and his relation to Him and the universe.