bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An international ISHLT/ATS/ERS clinical practice guideline: diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome
Authors: Meyer Keith C. , Raghu Ganesh , Verleden Geert M. , Corris Paul A. , Aurora Paul , Wilson Kevin C. , Brozek Jan , Glanville Allan R. ,   the ISHLT/ATS/ERS BOS Task Force Committee
Published: October 2014

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a major complication of lung transplantation that is associated with poor survival. The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society convened a committee of international experts to describe and/or provide recommendations for 1) the definition of BOS, 2) the risk factors for developing BOS, 3) the diagnosis of BOS, and 4) the management and prevention of BOS.A pragmatic evidence synthesis was performed to identify all unique citations related to BOS published from 1980 through to March, 2013. The expert committee discussed the available research evidence upon which the updated definition of BOS, identified risk factors and recommendations are based. The committee followed the GRADE (Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to develop specific clinical recommendations.The term BOS should be used to describe a delayed allograft dysfunction with persistent decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s that is not caused by other known and potentially reversible causes of post-transplant loss of lung function. The committee formulated specific recommendations about the use of systemic corticosteroids, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azithromycin and about re-transplantation in patients with suspected and confirmed BOS.The diagnosis of BOS requires the careful exclusion of other post-transplant complications that can cause delayed lung allograft dysfunction, and several risk factors have been identified that have a significant association with the onset of BOS. Currently available therapies have not been proven to result in significant benefit in the prevention or treatment of BOS. Adequately designed and executed randomised controlled trials that properly measure and report all patient-important outcomes are needed to identify optimal therapies for established BOS and effective strategies for its prevention.
Smoking adversely affects treatment response, outcome and relapse in tuberculosis
Authors: Leung Chi C. , Yew Wing W. , Chan Chi K. , Chang Kwok C. , Law Wing S. , Lee Shuk N. , Tai Lai B. , Leung Eric C.C. , Au Ronald K.F. , Huang Shan S. , Tam Cheuk M. 
Published: October 2014

The impact of smoking on tuberculosis outcome was evaluated in a territory-wide treatment programme.16 345 consecutive patients undergoing chemotherapy for active tuberculosis in government chest clinics in Hong Kong from 2001 to 2003 were followed up prospectively for 2 years for treatment outcome and subsequently tracked through the territory-wide tuberculosis notification registry for relapse until the end of 2012.Smoking was associated with more extensive lung disease, lung cavitation and positive sputum smear and culture at the baseline. In both current smokers and ex-smokers, sputum smears and cultures were significantly more likely to remain positive after 2 months of treatment. Both categories of smokers were significantly less likely to achieve cure or treatment completion within 2 years. Overall, 16.7% of unsuccessful treatment outcomes were attributable to smoking, with the key contributor being default in current smokers and death in ex-smokers. Among successful treatment completers, there was a clear gradient (hazard ratios of 1.00, 1.33 and 1.63) of relapse risk from never-smokers to ex-smokers and current smokers, with an overall population attributable risk of 19.4% (current smokers: 12.2%; ex-smokers: 7.2%).Smoking adversely affects baseline disease severity, bacteriological response, treatment outcome and relapse in tuberculosis. Smoking cessation likely reduces relapse and secondary transmission.
INSTEAD: a randomised switch trial of indacaterolversussalmeterol/fluticasone in moderate COPD
Authors: Rossi Andrea , van der Molen Thys , Olmo Ricardo del , Papi Alberto , Wehbe Luis , Quinn Matthew , Lu Chengxing , Young David , Cameron Ray , Bucchioni Enrica , Altman Pablo 
Published: October 2014

The Indacaterol: Switching Non-exacerbating Patients with Moderate COPD From Salmeterol/Fluticasone to Indacaterol (INSTEAD) study investigated the effect of switching patients at low risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations from salmeterol/fluticasone (SFC; inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) regimen) to indacaterol monotherapy (non-ICS regimen).This 26-week, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, phase IV study, randomised 581 patients with moderate COPD to indacaterol 150 μg once daily or SFC 50/500 μg twice daily. Patients had been receiving SFC 50/500 μg for ≥3 months, with no COPD exacerbations for more than a year before the study (patients for whom ICS is not recommended). The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of indacaterol to SFC, measured by trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) after 12 weeks (non-inferiority margin of 0.06 L).The primary objective was met, with a mean treatment difference of 9 mL (95% CI -45–26 mL). There were no significant differences between treatments in terms of breathlessness (transition dyspnoea index) or health status (Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire) at weeks 12 or 26, or rescue medication use or COPD exacerbation rates over 26 weeks. Safety profiles of both treatments were as expected.This study demonstrated that patients with moderate COPD and no exacerbations in the previous year can be switched from SFC to indacaterol 150 μg with no efficacy loss.
Exercise ventilatory inefficiency in mild to end-stage COPD
Authors: Neder J. Alberto , Arbex Flavio F. , Alencar Maria Clara N. , O’Donnell Conor D.J. , Cory Julia , Webb Kathy A. , O’Donnell Denis E. 
Published: October 2014

Ventilatory inefficiency during exercise is a key pathophysiological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Currently, it is unknown how this physiological marker relates to clinically relevant outcomes as resting ventilatory impairment progresses across disease stages.Slope and intercept of the linear region of the ventilation–carbon dioxide output relationship and the ratio between these variables, at the lowest point (nadir), were contrasted in 316 patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages 1–4 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, ranging from 148% pred to 12% pred) and 69 aged- and gender-matched controls,Compared to controls, slope and intercept were higher in GOLD stages 1 and 2, leading to higher nadirs (p<0.05). Despite even larger intercepts in GOLD stages 3 and 4, slopes diminished as disease evolved (from mean±sd35±6 in GOLD stage 1 to 24±5 in GOLD stage 3, p<0.05). As a result, there were no significant differences in nadirs among patient groups. Higher intercepts, across all stages (p<0.01), and to a lesser extent lower slopes in GOLD stages 2–4 (p<0.05), were related to greater mechanical constraints, worsening pulmonary gas exchange, higher dyspnoea scores, and poorer exercise capacity.Increases in the ventilation intercept best indicate the progression of exercise ventilatory inefficiency across the whole spectrum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity.
An a posteriori Fourier regularization method for identifying the unknown source of the space-fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Li Xiao-Xiao , Lei Jin Li , Yang Fan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we identify the unknown source which depends only on spatial variable for a fractional diffusion equation using the Fourier method. Not alike the previous literature, we propose to choose the regularization parameter by an a posteriori rule, with which we can obtain error estimate of Hölder type between the exact solution and the regularized approximation. Numerical simulations show that the proposed scheme is effective and stable.

MSC: 35R30, 47A52, 65M30, 65M32.
Some results in quasi-b-metric-like spaces
Authors: Zhu Chuanxi , Chen Chunfang , Zhang Xiaozhi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new concept of quasi-b-metric-like spaces as a generalization of b-metric-like spaces and quasi-metric-like spaces. Some fixed point theorems are investigated in quasi-b-metric-like spaces. Moreover, an example is given to support one of our results.

MSC:47H10, 54H25.
Square-like functions generated by the Laplace-Bessel differential operator
Authors: Keleş Şeyda , Bayrakçı Simten 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We introduce a wavelet-type transform associated with the Laplace-Bessel differential operator

Δ
B

=

∑

k
=
1

n

∂
2

∂

x
k

+

2

ν
k

∂

x
k

∂

∂

x
k

and the relevant square-like functions. An analogue of the Calderón reproducing formula and the

L

2
,
ν

boundedness of the square-like functions are obtained.

MSC:47G10, 42C40, 44A35.
An optimized disaggregation method for human lung tumors that preserves the phenotype and function of the immune cells
Authors: Quatromoni Jon G , Singhal Sunil , Bhojnagarwala Pratik , Hancock Wayne W , Albelda Steven M , Eruslanov Evgeniy 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Careful preparation of human tissues is the cornerstone of obtaining accurate data in immunologic studies. Despite the essential importance of tissue processing in tumor immunology and clinical medicine, current methods of tissue disaggregation have not been rigorously tested for data fidelity. Thus, we critically evaluated the current techniques available in the literature that are used to prepare human lung tumors for immunologic studies. We discovered that these approaches are successful at digesting cellular attachments and ECMs; however, these methods frequently alter the immune cell composition and/or expression of surface molecules. We thus developed a novel approach to prepare human lung tumors for immunologic studies by combining gentle mechanical manipulation with an optimized cocktail of enzymes used at low doses. This enzymatic digestion cocktail optimized cell yield and cell viability, retrieved all major tumor-associated cell populations, and maintained the expression of cell-surface markers for lineage definition and in vivo effector functions. To our knowledge, we present the first rigorously tested disaggregation method designed for human lung tumors.
Sadness and mild cognitive impairment as predictors for interferon-alpha-induced depression in patients with hepatitis C
Authors: Sarkar Susanne , Sarkar Rahul , Berg Thomas , Schaefer Martin 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundAntiviral therapy with interferon-alpha (IFN-α) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with increased risk for depression.AimsTo identify clinical predictors for IFN-α-induced depression during antiviral therapy for HCV infection.MethodDepression (defined with the Montgomery–åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)) was evaluated before and during antiviral treatment in 91 people with chronic HCV infection without a history of psychiatric disorders. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Trail Making Test A/B (TMT A/B). (Trial registration at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00136318.)ResultsDepression during antiviral therapy was significantly associated with a baseline MADRS score of 3 or higher (P= 0.006). In total, 89% (n= 16) of patients who had a baseline score >0 for the single item sadness developed depression. Poor baseline performance in the TMT A (P= 0.027) and TMT B (P=0.033) was predictive for severe depression.ConclusionsPre-treatment screening for subthreshold depressive and cognitive symptoms will help to identify those at risk for IFN-α-associated depression among patients with chronic hepatitis C.
A White Russian in the Green Hell: Military Science, Ethnography, and Nation Building
Authors: Chesterton Bridget María , Isaenko Anatoly V. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article considers how Juan Belaieff's experiences in the Caucasus of Russia during the early twentieth century shaped his later work with the Paraguayan military in the Chaco region. His Russian training in both military science and ethnography prepared him for his scouting work in the Chaco, a territory contested by both Bolivia and Paraguay. This work, done with the native population of the Chaco, helped secure victory over the Bolivians during the Chaco War (1932–1935). It also played a key role in his broader project of incorporating the native peoples of the Chaco into the Paraguayan nation-state, a project that drew upon his work on behalf of Russia with the populations of the Caucasus. Significantly, his postwar efforts and ethnographic studies directly led to rights and considerations for Paraguay's indigenous population. Belaieff's work demonstrates how both the Paraguayan military and society (long considered by historians as isolated) were influenced by outside ideas and people.
Effects of unsaturated fatty acids on torpor frequency and diet selection in Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)
Authors: Diedrich Victoria , Steinlechner Stephan , Scherbarth Frank 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to play a beneficial role in hibernating mammals. High amounts of dietary PUFA led to an earlier hibernation onset, deeper and longer hibernation bouts and a higher proportion of hibernating animals in several species. In contrast, the relevance of dietary PUFA for daily heterotherms exhibiting only brief and shallow torpor bouts is less well studied. Therefore, diets differing in PUFA composition were used to examine the effects on the frequency of spontaneous daily torpor in Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). In contrast to earlier studies, we were interested whether the ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFA affects torpor expression, also in comparison with a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Although we found a positive effect on torpor frequency in hamsters fed a diet rich in n-6 PUFA compared with the groups fed diets either rich in n-3 PUFA or MUFA, the latter did not show unusually low torpor frequencies. The results of the additional diet choice experiment indicated that hamsters in short photoperiod select food with only a slight excess of n-6 PUFA compared with n-3 PUFA (ratio 1 to 1.5). However, there was no significant difference in torpor frequency between the diet choice group and hamsters fed on standard chow with a sevenfold excess of n-6 PUFA. In summary, the present data strongly indicate that the dietary composition of unsaturated fatty acids plays a minor role in the occurrence of spontaneous daily torpor in Djungarian hamsters.
Systematic and Logical Problems in Global Warming Science
Authors: Gould Laurence I. 
Published: October 2014

Arguments put forth in favor of anthropogenic global warming (AGW) are frequently lacking in objectivity due to the use of imprecise terms and unwarranted extrapolations. A salient characteristic of such arguments is, moreover, the seemingly arbitrary attribution of causes to certain phenomena [Singer, 2012a]. As a result, such arguments run counter to the reasoning that is a hallmark of the scientific method. The purpose of this paper is to reason about some of those erroneous arguments in order to better inform people about pitfalls from a misuse of the scientific method in arguments about AGW. In a time when many scientists, scientific organizations, and educators have apparently been compromising their honesty and their integrity [Ball 2014a], S. Fred Singer stands out: As a rallying point for those who haven't compromised, as a trusted source seeking the truth, and as a beacon for those who seek moral support to carry on the grand tradition of science. It is my pleasure to dedicate this essay to Fred (a scientist for all seasons), with gratitude and admiration, on his 90th birthday.
Are Preschool Teachers Committed to Implement Objectives of the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education? (As exemplified by the “Cognitive development” educational field)
Authors: Румянцева  , Rumyantseva Irina 
Published: October 2014

The paper summarizes the findings of surveys among teachers of preschool educational institutions on issues concerning the arrangement of
integrated educational activities of preschool children. The author provides quantitative and qualitative analyses of the teachers’ level of readiness
to practice integrated teaching; assesses the degree of teachers’ commitment to practice this kind of teaching; reveals the main obstacles, the
teachers encounter in the course of integrated educational activities.
Analysis of Tailored Base-Surge Policies in Dual Sourcing Inventory Systems
Authors: Janakiraman Ganesh , Seshadri Sridhar , Sheopuri Anshul 
Published: October 2014

We study a model of a firm managing its inventory of a single product by sourcing supplies from two supply sources, a regular supplier who offers a lower unit cost and a longer lead time than a second, emergency, supplier. A practically implementable policy for such a firm is a tailored base-surge (TBS) policy [Allon G, Van Mieghem JA (2010) Global dual sourcing: Tailored base-surge allocation to near- and offshore production. Management Sci. 56(1):110–124] to manage its inventory. Under this policy, the firm procures a constant quantity from the regular supplier in every period and dynamically makes procurement decisions for the emergency supplier. Allon and Van Mieghem describe this practice as using the regular supplier to meet a base level of demand and the emergency supplier to manage demand surges, and they conjecture that this practice is most effective when the lead time difference between the two suppliers is large. We confirm these statements in two ways. First, we show the following analytical result: when demand is composed of a base demand random component plus a surge demand random component, which occurs with a certain small probability, the best TBS policy is close to optimal (over all policies) in a well-defined sense. Second, we also numerically investigate the cost effectiveness of the best TBS policy on a test bed of problem instances. The emphasis of this investigation is the study of the effect of the lead time difference between the two suppliers. Our study reveals that the cost difference between the best TBS policy and the optimal policy decreases dramatically as the lead time of the regular supplier increases. On our test bed, this cost difference decreases from an average (over the test bed) of 21% when the lead time from the regular supplier is two periods (the emergency supplier offers instant delivery) to 3.5% when that lead time is seven periods.This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Rational Information Leakage
Authors: Indjejikian Raffi , Lu Hai , Yang Liyan 
Published: October 2014

Empirical evidence suggests that information leakage in capital markets is common. We present a trading model to study the incentives of an informed trader (e.g., a well-informed insider) to voluntarily leak information about an asset’s value to one or more independent traders. Our model shows that, although leaking information dissipates the insider’s information advantage about the asset’s value, it enhances his information advantage about the asset’s execution price relative to other informed traders. The profit impact of these two effects are countervailing. When there are a sufficient number of other informed traders, the profit impact from enhanced information dominates. Hence, the insider has incentives to leak some of his private information. We label this rational information leakage and discuss its implications for the regulation of insider trading. This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Do Tips Increase Workers' Income?
Authors: Shy Oz 
Published: October 2014

This paper constructs a model of service providers who compete in service and labor markets simultaneously to analyze the effects of tipping on hourly wages and total tip-inclusive hourly worker compensation. An increase in the tipping rate reduces hourly wages. Total worker compensation increases at different rates depending on the market structure, market coverage, and employment level, with the exception of price-taking (competitive) service providers, where the tip-inclusive hourly income declines with the tipping rate. The paper develops an index of “effective tipping” that measures the net percentage change in total hourly worker compensation associated with each tipping rate. This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Trading as Gambling
Authors: Dorn Anne Jones , Dorn Daniel , Sengmueller Paul 
Published: October 2014

This paper offers evidence from three different samples consistent with investors substituting between playing the lottery and gambling in financial markets. In the United States, increases in the jackpots of the multistate lotteries Powerball and Mega Millions are associated with significant reductions in small trade participation in the stock market. California-based discount brokerage clients and German discount brokerage clients are significantly less likely to trade during weeks with larger lottery prizes in the California and German lotteries, respectively. Variation in lottery prizes affects speculative trading in more lottery-like securities such as individual stocks and options, but not trading in bonds and mutual funds. Trading that is likely associated with long-term savings motives, such as trading in retirement accounts, does not respond to lottery jackpots, either. The negative relation between trading activity and jackpots is stronger for individuals who are more likely to play the lottery. This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, finance.
Contractual vs. Actual Separation Pay Following CEO Turnover
Authors: Goldman Eitan Moshe , Huang Peggy Peiju 
Published: October 2014

Using hand-collected data, we document the details of the ex ante severance contracts and the ex post separation pay given to S&P 500 chief executive officers (CEOs) upon departing from their companies. We analyze what determines whether or not a CEO receives separation pay in excess of the amount specified in the severance contract. We find that discretionary separation pay is given to about 40% of departing CEOs and is, on average, $8 million, which amounts to close to 242% of a CEO’s annual compensation. We investigate the determinants of discretionary separation pay and find, for example, that discretionary separation pay positively correlates with weak internal governance in cases of voluntary CEO turnover but not when the CEO is forced out. We also find that discretionary pay is higher when the CEO has a noncompete clause in her ex ante severance contract. Event study analysis suggests that shareholders benefit from discretionary separation pay in forced turnovers but not in voluntary ones. Our overall results help to shed light on the complex role of discretionary separation pay in the bargaining game between boards and departing executives. This paper was accepted by Itay Goldstein, finance.