bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A160: Role of Interleukin‐1 in Abnormal Monocyte Phenotype in Systemic Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Zhang Yujuan , Macaubas Claudia , Gupta Saloni , Klein Clarissa , Pascual Virginia , Hay Arielle , Thompson Susan D. , Sandborg Christy I. , Ilowite Norman T. , Mellins Elizabeth D. 
Published: March 2014

Background/Purpose:Monocytes phenotype changes in different microenvironments: the proinflammatory M1, regulatory M2, and M2‐like phenotypes are each regulated by specific transcriptional factors (TFs). We have observed altered phenotypes in blood monocytes in systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), including a decreased M1 cells, an increased mixed M1/M2 cells, and reduced secretion of IL‐1, despite an increased IL‐1b response to LPS (PMID 22281427). Here, we investigate whether these monocyte phenotypes are affected by IL‐1 blockade. We analyzed monocytes from RAPPORT (RAndomized Placebo Phase study Of Rilonacept in the Treatment of sJIA) patients to determine levels of TFs involved in monocyte polarization and expression of genes related to IL‐1 secretion, before and after treatment with Rilonacept, an IL‐1 trap.Methods:Subjects on the Rilonacept arm received active drug from week 0 for a total of 24 weeks; subjects on the placebo arm received placebo for 4 weeks, then Rilonacept for 20 weeks. Blood samples were obtained at week 0, 2, 4, 14 and 24. We used real time PCR to measure M1 associated genes: Interferon Regulatory factor (IRF) family IRF5, STAT1; M2 associated genes IRF4, STAT6, Kruppel‐Like Factor 4 (KLF4) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ); IL‐1 secretion related genes: RAB39, RAB27A, RAB27B, P2RX7, and IL‐1β. All TFs levels were normalized by the average levels of 3 housekeeping genes.Results:30 non‐paired RNA samples from 15 subjects were tested. Samples from subjects treated with Rilonacept for ≥10 weeks (Late RAPPORT) showed decreased expression of M2 genes, especially KLF4, compared to those untreated or treated for <10 weeks (Early RAPPORT) (Fig ), except for PPAR‐γ. Samples collected when there was clinical improvement also showed reduced KLF4 (Fig .). The expression of TFs following IL‐1 inhibition in sJIA patients is distinct from normal controls. Levels of IL‐1 secretion related genes, except for RAB27B, also were reduced in “Late RAPPORT” samples (Fig .).imageimageimageConclusion:IL‐1 blockade in sJIA is likely associated with changes in the activation profile and expression of IL‐1 secretion related genes in circulating monocytes. Monocytes phenotypes in treated subjects are not “normal” and likely reflect changes associated with compensated inflammation.
A168: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus In‐Hospital Mortality Risk Across Ages: A National Estimate
Authors: Lawson Erica F. , Trupin Laura , Hersh Aimee O. , Scheven Emily von , Yelin Edward H. , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: March 2014

Background/Purpose:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mortality rates in the U.S. have improved dramatically over the past 50 years, with estimated 5‐year survival rates in childhood‐onset SLE (cSLE) increasing from <50% to >95%. However, current mortality risk for hospitalized individuals with SLE across all age groups has not been described. The goal of this study was to assess mortality risk among hospitalized children and adults with SLE, and to compare these rates to age‐ and sex‐specific all‐cause mortality, using a nationwide hospital discharge dataset.Methods:Data derive from the 2011 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest all‐payer inpatient health care database in the United States. The NIS contains all discharge data from more than 1,000 hospitals, which approximates a 20 percent stratified sample of all U.S. acute‐care non‐federal hospitals, including children's hospitals. All hospitalizations of non‐pregnant individuals age 5 years and older were included in the analysis. Lupus hospitalizations were identified by a discharge ICD‐9 diagnosis code of 710.0. We calculated age‐specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) to compare the risk of all‐cause in‐hospital mortality among individuals with SLE to the risk of in‐hospital mortality among all patients.Results:A total of 6,157,972 hospitalizations were included in the analysis, of which 39,635 carried a discharge diagnosis of SLE. Lupus hospitalizations included 242 hospitalizations of children age 5–14, 2,225 hospitalizations of youth age 15–24, and 4,610 hospitalizations of young adults age 25–34. Hospitalized individuals with SLE were younger (mean age 52 v. 61 years), more likely to be female (89% v. 53%), and less likely to be white (52% v. 71%). Among 148,507 deaths in the total sample, 709 carried a discharge diagnosis of SLE. There were no deaths among hospitalized children with SLE age 5–14, 14 deaths among youth age 15–24, and 54 deaths among young adults age 25–34. The SMR for hospitalizations of individuals with SLE was highest for ages 25–34 (2.3, 95% CI 1.7–3.0, Figure 1), followed by ages 15–24 (1.65, 95% CI 0.9–2.78), and 35–44 (1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.9). Adults 45 or older with SLE did not have significantly elevated mortality risk.
imageConclusion:In this large national dataset, there were no in‐hospital deaths among children under age 15 with SLE, which supports previous findings that mortality rates in childhood‐onset SLE have improved significantly. However, across all ages, young adults with SLE had the greatest excess mortality risk. It is not known whether these young adults have recent‐onset SLE, or longstanding cSLE. Further work is needed to unravel whether this excess mortality results from disease severity, disease damage, poor health care transitions or other factors.
A174: JIA‐Associated SNPs From Non‐Coding Regions Are Located Within or Adjacent to Functional Genomic Elements of Human Neutrophils
Authors: Jarvis James N. , Jiang Kaiyu , Liu Tao , Buck Michael , Carrier Bradley , Chen Yanmin 
Published: March 2014

Background/Purpose:The recent completion of a large genome‐wide associate study (GWAS) for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) revealed multiple genomic regions conferring disease risk (Nature Genet 2013). However, as is typical of most GWAS, the majority of disease‐associated SNPs occurred in noncoding regions of the genome, either in intergenic regions or introns. This finding suggests, therefore, that disease risk for JIA resides in the control and coordination of transcription, rather than in malfunction of genetically‐altered proteins. This study was undertaken, therefore, to identify functional elements that might be associated with the identified, disease‐associated SNPs in polyarticular, RF‐negative JIA.Methods:We first generated a genome wide map of histone marks associated with enhancer elements in healthy adult neutrophils. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation/sequencing (ChIPseq) approaches, we mapped the histone marks associated with poised (H3K4me1+/H3K27ac−) or active (H3K4me1+/H3K27ac+) enhancers to the GRCh37/hg19 genome assembly. In addition, we performed paired‐end RNA sequencing on neutrophils from 5 children with newly diagnosed, untreated polyarticular, RF‐negative JIA and mapped reads to the same human genome assembly. These results were used to interrogate ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics data; we used the UCSC Genome browser to interrogate the 22 polyarticular JIA associated SNPs from non‐coding regions genome identified by Hicks et al (Nature Genet 2013) as conferring risk for polyarticular JIA.Results:Using the approach above, we ascertained that there are functional elements in neutrophil genomes in or adjacent to 13 of the 22 SNP regions identified by Hicks et al. Enhancer elements were the most frequently identified functional elements in this study, with 9 potentially active (H3K4me1+/H3K27ac+) and 3 additional potentially poised enhancers identified. We also identified 4 non‐coding transcripts within the SNP regions. Four of these regions (e.g., both of the SNPs around C5orf56‐IRF1) contained both non‐coding RNA transcripts and enhancer elements. It was also interesting to note abundant intronic transcription in other genes relevant to inflammation/immunity but not otherwise known to confer genetic risk e.g., CD36.Conclusion:Regions of known genetic risk for polyarticular JIA are rich with functional elements that are believed to regulate and coordinate transcription in human neutrophils. These data provide a new framework from which to understand genetic risk and disease pathogenesis in JIA, and suggest that transcriptional regulation and coordination may be a process that is fundamentally perturbed in this disease.
A175: Dysbiosis of the Enteric Microbiota in Pediatric Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Stoll Matthew L. , Kumar Ranjit , Morrow Casey , Lefkowitz Elliot 
Published: March 2014

Background/Purpose:Spondyloarthritis (SpA) affects 1% of the population in the United States. Studies have shown altered flora (dysbiosis) in a variety of inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease. We hypothesized that we would identify dysbiosis in pediatric SpA.Methods:Patients were children with enthesitisrelated arthritis. Controls were either healthy children from the community or subjects seen in our clinic and diagnosed with non‐inflammatory causes of joint pain. Stool specimens were collected at home and shipped overnight via commercial carrier. Purified DNA underwent PCR amplification using primers designed to the conserved region flanking the variable IV region from the 16S rDNA gene. The PCR products were run on the miSeq. Analysis was performed with the Quantitative Insight into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) suite. Pairwise comparisons of individual taxa were performed with the Mann‐Whitney U‐test, and multiple‐group comparisons were performed with the non‐parametric Kruskal‐Wallis test. Nominal data was evaluated with the Chi‐Squared or Fisher's exact test.Results:28 children with SpA age (median, range) 14, 7–18 and 13 controls age 13, 5–17 were included. 3 of the subjects had IBD. 21 patients and no controls were on immunosuppressive therapy. The SpA patients had significantly less faecalibacterium (11% vs 4.8%, p = 0.006) and a non‐significant increase in bacteroides (19% vs 11%, p = 0.216). Additionally, akkermansia was present in low quantities in most patients, but was relatively abundant (>2%) in 0/13 controls compared to 8/28 patients (p = 0.040.) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA; Figure ) demonstrated that while most of the patients clustered with the controls, 10 patients formed their own cluster. Phylogenetic tree analysis (Figure ) likewise demonstrated a small cluster of 10 subjects (9 patients and 1 control) who formed their own cluster separate from other subjects, 8 of whom corresponded to the indicated cluster from the PCoA. These 8 subjects demonstrated significantly increased bacteroides (p < 0.001) and decreased faecalibacterium (p = 0.022) compared to the remainder of the subjects. In contrast, none the patients in this cluster, compared to 8/20 who clustered with the controls, had elevated levels of akkermansia (p = 0.005, Chi‐Squared).
Output of Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of 16S sequencing data. Spondyloarthritis patients are shown in blue, controls in red.imageOutput of unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) analysis of 16S sequencing data. Controls are indicated with asterisks.imageConclusion:We demonstrate decreased faecalibacterium among patients with SpA, consistent with a suspected anti‐inflammatory effect of f. prausnitzii. We also introduce akkermansia as a possible pathogenetic species in a subset of SpA patients.
A novel peptide to disrupt the interaction of BST‐2 and Vpu
Authors: Mi Zeyun , Wang Xin , He Yang , Li Xiaoyu , Ding Jiwei , Liu Hongyun , Zhou Jinming , Cen Shan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST‐2) inhibits the release of HIV‐1 and other enveloped viruses from the cell surface. HIV‐1 Vpu binds to BST‐2 through an interaction between transmembrane domains (TMD) of the two proteins and induces the downregulation of cell surface BST‐2, thereby counteracting its antiviral activity. In this study, we designed and prepared a modified peptide BST2‐TM‐P1, which include the sequence of BST‐2 TMD, keeping its property competing with BST‐2 to bind with Vpu. Biological assay results indicate BST2‐TM‐P1 could increase the BST‐2 level at the cell surface in Vpu dependent manner and significantly inhibit the replication of HIV‐1 virion. Our studies indicate that blocking the interaction of Vpu and BST‐2 is an effective way to combat HIV‐1 infection. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 102: 280–287, 2014.
Opportunities and challenges of next-generation DNA sequencing for breast units
Authors: Pilgrim S M , Pain S J , Tischkowitz M D 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
The aim of this review is to introduce the topic of next-generation DNA sequencing, a new technology that is being introduced into clinical practice, and to explain the potential impact for breast cancer surgeons and the wider breast cancer multidisciplinary team.

Methods
The PubMed database was used to identify relevant studies relating to breast cancer genetics. This evidence was then used to provide context and background information to demonstrate how next-generation sequencing (NGS) might change breast cancer practice.

Results
With NGS, breast cancer clinicians will know whether their patients carry high-risk mutations in genes, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, before the start of treatment. This could alter treatment decisions; for instance, more women might opt for mastectomy instead of breast-conserving surgery, or for bilateral rather than unilateral surgery.

Conclusion
The introduction of NGS will have a significant impact on breast cancer services in the near future. Speed of testing will improve in regions of the world where NGS is adopted in place of conventional sequencing, and, as costs decrease, genetic testing will also become accessible and realistic in less well funded health economies. This will create opportunities to improve patient treatment and challenges for the breast cancer multidisciplinary team.
Person‐Group Value Congruence and Subjective Well‐Being in Students from Argentina, Bulgaria and Finland: The Role of Interpersonal Relationships
Authors: Sortheix Florencia M. , Lönnqvist Jan‐Erik 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the relations between personal values, value congruence, interpersonal relationships and subjective well‐being in psychology/education and business students from Argentina (N = 275), Bulgaria (N = 182) and Finland (N = 148). Regression analyses showed, first, that there were no direct relations between higher order value priorities and life satisfaction (LS), positive affect (PA) or negative affect (NA). Second, objective value‐congruence (VC)—the similarity between individual and group values—was positively related to LS and PA, and negatively related to NA. Most importantly, the effects of VC on LS, NA and PA were partially mediated by good interpersonal relationships. Our results show that interpersonal relationships are facilitated by sharing values similar to those of one's fellow students. More generally, personal values per se appear not to be associated with subjective well‐being, more important is how these values fit into the social context. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unravelling offending in schizophrenia: Factors characterising subgroups of offenders
Authors: van Dongen Josanne , Buck Nicole , Van Marle Hjalmar 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have led to suggestions that there are at least three sub‐types of offenders with schizophrenia, but these have not previously been examined simultaneously in one sample.AimsThe aims of this study were to investigate categorisation of offenders with psychosis as early or late starters or late first offenders, and test the hypotheses that, compared with non‐offenders with psychosis, early starters would be characterised by low educational or occupational achievement, negative childhood experiences and early substance use, whereas positive psychotic symptoms would characterise late starters or late first offenders.MethodsA retrospective file study was conducted, yielding 97 early starters, 100 late starters and 26 late first offenders identified from a specialist inpatient forensic mental health assessment service and 129 non‐offenders identified from general psychiatric services in the same geographic region, all with schizophreniform psychoses.ResultsWe found little difference between early and later starters in terms of measured antecedents, but substance misuse was up to 20 times less likely among late first offenders. Persecutory and/or grandiose delusions were more strongly associated with each offender group compared with non‐offenders, most so with late first offenders.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the importance of treating delusions – for safety as well as health. Childhood antecedents may be less important indicators of offender sub‐types among people with psychosis than previously thought. When patients present with grandiose or persecutory delusions over the age of 35 years without co‐morbid substance misuse disorders, but with a history of childhood neglect and low educational achievement, particular care should be taken to assess risk of violence. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of microvascular resistance on fractional flow reserve after successful percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Murai Tadashi , Lee Tetsumin , Yonetsu Taishi , Isobe Mitsuaki , Kakuta Tsunekazu 
Published: March 2014

Objectives and BackgroundIncreased microvascular resistance may impair hyperemic coronary flow by limiting the maximal and constant vasodilation, resulting in increased fractional flow reserve (FFR) due to the underestimation of the translesional pressure gradient. We examined whether microvascular resistance affects FFR after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Results: We measured FFR and the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) in 104 coronary arteries of 98 patients after successful elective stenting. FFR values were compared according to the quartiles of the IMR values. Coronary flow was assessed using the hyperemic mean transit time (Tmn). The IMR values for the interquartile ranges of 8.5–11.3, 13.9–16.3, 20.9–24.5, and 34.2–61.6 were 10.2, 15.1, 22.8, and 38.2, respectively. Both FFR and Tmn values differed significantly across the IMR quartiles (P < 0.001). The angiographic and intravascular ultrasound findings and post‐PCI cardiac troponin levels showed no significant difference across the IMR quartiles. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the left anterior descending artery lesion location (odds ratio [OR] 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06–0.49, P = 0.001), IMR (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.09, P = 0.012), and minimal cross‐sectional lumen area (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03–2.17, P = 0.036) were independent predictors of increased FFR. Conclusions: Increased microvascular resistance may reduce coronary flow and increase FFR after successful elective PCI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The NICS‐XY‐Scan: Identification of Local and Global Ring Currents in Multi‐Ring Systems
Authors: Gershoni‐Poranne Renana , Stanger Amnon 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS)‐based methods are very popular for the determination of the induced magnetic field under an external magnetic field. These methods are used mostly (but not only) for the determination of the aromaticity and antiaromaticity of molecules and ions, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The ghost atom that serves as the NICS probe senses the induced magnetic field and reports it in the form of an NMR chemical shift. However, the source of the field cannot be determined by NICS. Thus, in a multi‐ring system that may contain more than one induced current circuit (and therefore more than one source of the induced magnetic field) the NICS value may represent the sum of many induced magnetic fields. This may lead to wrong assignments of the aromaticity (and antiaromaticity) of the systems under study. In this paper, we present a NICS‐based method for the determination of local and global ring currents in conjugated multi‐ring systems. The method involves placing the NICS probes along the X axis, and if needed, along the Y axis, at a constant height above the system under study. Following the change in the induced field along these axes allows the identification of global and local induced currents. The best NICS type to use for these scans is NICSπZZ, but it is shown that at a height of 1.7 Å above the molecular plane, NICSZZ provides the same qualitative picture. This method, namely the NICS‐XY‐scan, gives information equivalent to that obtained through current density analysis methods, and in some cases, provides even more details.
A Microporous Anionic Metal–Organic Framework for Sensing Luminescence of Lanthanide(III) Ions and Selective Absorption of Dyes by Ionic Exchange
Authors: Qin Jun‐Sheng , Zhang Shu‐Ran , Du Dong‐Ying , Shen Ping , Bao Shao‐Juan , Lan Ya‐Qian , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHerein, a novel anionic framework with primitive centered cubic (pcu) topology, [(CH3)2NH2]4[(Zn4dttz6)Zn3]⋅15 DMF⋅4.5 H2O, (IFMC‐2; H3dttz=4,5‐di(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐2H‐1,2,3‐triazole) was solvothermally isolated. A new example of a tetranuclear zinc cluster {Zn4dttz6} served as a secondary building unit in IFMC‐2. Furthermore, the metal cluster was connected by ZnII ions to give rise to a 3D open microporous structure. The lanthanide(III)‐loaded metal–organic framework (MOF) materials Ln3+@IFMC‐2, were successfully prepared by using ion‐exchange experiments owing to the anionic framework of IFMC‐2. Moreover, the emission spectra of the as‐prepared Ln3+@IFMC‐2 were investigated, and the results suggested that IFMC‐2 could be utilized as a potential luminescent probe toward different Ln3+ ions. Additionally, the absorption ability of IFMC‐2 toward ionic dyes was also performed. Cationic dyes can be absorbed, but not neutral and anionic dyes, thus indicating that IFMC‐2 exhibits selective absorption toward cationic dyes. Furthermore, the cationic dyes can be gradually released in the presence of NaCl.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of the Phase Formation and Dielectric Properties of Bi7Ta3O18.
Authors: Chon M. P. , Tan K. B. , Khaw C. C. , Zainal Z. , Taufiq Yap Y. H. , Chen S. K. , Tan P. Y. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPolycrystalline Bi7Ta3O18 is prepared by firing a stoichiometric mixture of Bi2O3 and Ta2O5 (Pt boat, 950 °C, 18 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The V—Cu—Sb Ternary System at 773 K: Crystal, Band Structure, and Physical Properties.
Authors: Konyk M. , Romaka L. , Demchenko P. , Romaka V. V. , Stadnyk Yu. , Horyn A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe V—Cu—Sb ternary system is studied over the whole concentration range at 773 K by powder XRD and electron probe microanalyses.
ChemInform Abstract: One Step Preparation of a High Performance Ge—C Nanocomposite Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries by Tandem Plasma Reactions.
Authors: Li Wei , Zheng Jie , Chen Tiankai , Wang Teng , Wang Xiaojuan , Li Xingguo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUltrafine Ge nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix are prepared in a tandem plasma reactor.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Li2MnO3 Nanowires for Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes.
Authors: Wu Xiaomin , Li Huan , Fei Hailong , Zheng Cheng , Wei Mingdeng 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLi2MnO3 nanowires with a good electrochemical performance are prepared by a low‐temperature molten salt method using a mixture of Mn2O3 nanowires and excess LiNO3 (540 °C, 3 h) with the nanowires obtained from a mixture of NaNO3 and MnF2 under the same reaction conditions.