bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poster — Thur Eve — 29: Characterization of Patient Immobilization for Head and Neck Cancer Treatment
Authors: Courneyea L , Mullins J , Howard M , Beltran C , Brinkmann D , Pafundi D 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:Evaluate an immobilization system to determine its adequacy for the reduced margins required for proton therapy.Methods:Twelve head‐and‐neck cancer patients were immobilized for conventional photon radiotherapy and imaged with pre‐ and post‐treatment cone beam CTs (CBCTs) for each treatment fraction.To quantify the patient positioning reproducibility, each CBCT was registered to the simulation CT offline. Registrations were performed using auto‐match tools and a matching volume‐of‐interest (VOI) consisting of a 5mm expansion around the mandible, occipital bone, C1/C2 and C7/T1. For each registration, the bony anatomy in the VOI was evaluated for agreement with the simulation position using 3 and 5mm margins. Registrations were initially restricted to translational corrections. If the bony anatomy did not agree with the simulation position to within 3mm or 5mm, the auto‐match was repeated with 3 additional rotational corrections. Intrafraction motion was calculated as the difference between the pre‐ and post‐treatment CBCT matches.Results:Pre‐treatment patient positioning agreed with the simulation CT to within 3mm/5mm for 62%/86% of fractions using translational matching and 84%/100% of fractions when rotations were included. Intrafraction motion averaged 1.1±0.8mm, with 12% of fractions having >2mm intrafraction motion. Post‐treatment positioning accuracy was 57%/84% and 80%/100% for registrations without/with rotations. For the mandible, positioning accuracy dropped from 93% pre‐treatment to 82% post‐treatment.Conclusion:If rotational corrections are available, the immobilization system studied created reproducible patient positioning to within 3mm for 84% of fractions. However, intrafraction motion caused additional anatomy to fall outside the 3mm margin by the end of treatment.
Poster — Thur Eve — 37: Respiratory gating with an Elekta flattening filter free photon beam
Authors: Péloquin S , Furstoss C , Munger P , Carrier J‐F , Wierzbicki W 
Published: September 2014

In cases where surgery is not possible for lung cancer treatment, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) may be an option. One problem when treating this type of cancer is the motion of the lungs caused by the patient's respiration. It is possible to reduce the impact of this movement with the use of respiratory gating. By combining respiratory gating with a flattening filter free (FFF) photon beam linac, the increased treatment time caused by a reduced beam‐on time of respiratory gating methods can be compensated by the inherent increased dose rate of FFF beams.This project's aim is to create hardware and software interfaces allowing free respiration gating on an Elekta Synergy‐S linac specially modified to deliver 6 MV FFF photon beams.First, a printed circuit board was created for reading the signal from a Bellows Belt from Philips (a respiration monitor belt) and transmitting an On/Off signal to the accelerator. A software was also developed to visualize patient respiration.Secondly, a FFF model was created with the Pinnacle treatment planning system from Philips. Gamma (Γ) analysis (2%, 2 mm) was used to evaluate model. For fields going from 5.6 × 5.6 to 12 × 12 cm2, central axis depth dose model fitting shows an average gamma value of 0.2 and 100% of gamma values remain under the Γ = 1 limit. For smaller fields (0.8 × 0.8 and 1.6 × 1.6 cm2), Pinnacle has more trouble trying to fit the measurements, overestimating dose in penumbra and buildup regions.
Poster — Thur Eve — 41: Considerations for Patients with Permanently Implant Radioactive Sources Requiring Unrelated Surgery
Authors: Basran P. S , Baxter P , Beckham WA 
Published: September 2014

Permanent implant of sealed radioactive sources is an effective technique for treating cancer. Typically, the radioactive sources are implanted in and near the disease, depositing dose locally over several months. There may be instances where these patients must undergo unrelated surgical procedures when the radioactive material remains active enough to pose risks. This work explores these risks, discusses strategies to mitigate those risks, and describes a case study for a permanent I‐125 prostate brachytherapy implant patient who developed colo‐rectal cancer and required surgery 6 months after brachytherapy.The first consideration is identifying the risk from unwarranted radiation to the patient and staff before, during, and after the surgical procedure. The second is identifying the risk the surgical procedure may have on the efficacy of the brachytherapy implant. Finally, there are considerations for controlling for radioactive substances from a regulatory perspective. After these risks are defined, strategies to mitigate those risks are considered. These strategies may include applying the concepts of ALARA, the use of protective equipment and developing a best practice strategy with the operating room team.We summarize this experience with some guidelines: If the surgical procedure is near (ex: 5 cm) of the implant; and, the surgical intervention may dislodge radioisotopes enough to compromise treatment or introduces radiation safety risks; and, the radioisotope has not sufficiently decayed to background levels; and, the surgery cannot be postponed, then a detailed analysis of risk is advised.
Sci—Thur AM: YIS ‐ 06: An EPID‐based 3D patient dose verification method for SBRT‐VMAT delivery
Authors: McCowan P. , vanUytven E , vanBeek T , McCurdy B 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) delivered via volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) can strongly benefit from an in vivo patient dose verification due to the large doses per fraction. Electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) can be utilized as a patient dose dosimeter. In this work we present a physics‐based model which utilizes on‐treatment EPID images to reconstruct the dose delivered to an anthropomorphic phantom during SBRT‐VMAT delivery.Methods:An SBRT linac beam was modeled using Monte Carlo methods and verified with measured data. Our dose reconstruction model back‐projects EPID measured focal fluence upstream of the patient and adds a predicted extra‐focal fluence component. This fluence is forward projected onto the patient's density matrix and convolved with dose kernels to calculate dose. The model was validated for two prostate, three lung, and two spine SBRT‐VMAT treatments. Results were compared to the treatment planning system's calculation.Results:2%/2 mm chi comparison calculations gave pass rates for the whole volume, infield, and high dose region respectively, and no lower than: 98%, 95%, 99% for the prostate plans, 99%, 92%, 85% for the lung plans, and 91%, 85%, 81% for the spine plans. A 3%/3mm calculation gave pass rates no lower than 99%, 94%, and 90% for all dose regions for the prostate, lung, and spine respectively.Conclusions:We have developed a physics‐based model which calculates delivered dose to phantom (or patient) for SBRT‐VMAT delivery using on treatment EPID images. The accuracy of the results has allowed us to test this model clinically.
Sci—Thur PM: Planning & Delivery — 02: Treatment planning workflow for very high‐energy electron beam radiotherapy
Authors: Bazalova Magdalena , Qu Bradley , Palma Bianey , Hårdemark Bjorn , Hynning Elin , Maxim Peter , Loo Billy 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:To develop treatment planning workflow for rapid radiotherapy delivered with very‐high energy electron (VHEE) scanning beam.Methods:VHEE radiotherapy treatment planning was performed by linking Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculations with inverse optimization in a research version of RayStation. In order to study a number of treatment parameters, a Matlab graphical user interface (GUI) for calculation of VHEE beamlet dose was developed. Through the GUI, EGSnrc MC simulations were run for a number of beam energies, number of beams, beamlet spot and grid sizes, and machine bore sizes. VHEE plans for a pediatric patient with a 4.3 cm3 brain target optimized with spot‐scanning algorithm in RayStation were compared to the clinically delivered 6 MV VMAT plan.Results and Discussion:VHEE beam energy had the largest effect on the quality of dose distributions. For the same target dose, the mean doses to critical organs decreased by 10–15% when planned with 100 MeV compared to 60 MeV. VHEE plans calculated with 36 beams outperformed plans calculated with 13 and 17 beams. While beamlet spacing and bore size had a small effect on VHEE dose distributions, 0.1‐3mm beamlet sizes resulted in identical dose distributions. Critical organ doses were by up to 70% lower in the best VHEE plan compared to the clinical 6 MV VMAT plan.Conclusions:We have developed a GUI for MC beamlet generation for treatment planning of VHEE radiotherapy. We have demonstrated that pediatric VHEE plans resulted in significant critical organ dose sparing compared to the clinical VMAT plan.
Poster — Thur Eve — 07: Simultaneous reconstruction of both true and scattered coincidences using a Generalized Scatter reconstruction algorithm in PET
Authors: Sun H , Pistorious S 
Published: September 2014

Introduction:Scattered coincidences in PET are generally taken as noise, which reduces image contrast and compromises quantification. We have developed a method, with promising results, to reconstruct activity distribution from scattered PET events instead of simply correcting for them. The implementation of this method on clinical PET scanners is however limited by the currently available detector energy resolution. With low energy resolution we lose the ability to distinguish scattered coincidences from true events based on the measured photon energy. In addition the two circular arcs used to confine the source position for a scattered event cannot be accurately defined.Method:This paper presents a modification to this approach which accounts for limited energy resolution. A measured event is split into a true and a scattered component each with different probabilities based on the position of the pair of photon energies in the energy spectrum. For the scattered component, we model the photon energy with a Gaussian distribution and the upper and lower energy limits can be estimated and used to define inner and outer circular arcs to confine the source position. The true and scattered components for each measured event were reconstructed using our Generalized Scatter reconstruction algorithm.Results and Conclusion:The results show that the contrast and noise properties were improved by 6–9% and 2–4% respectively. This demonstrates that the performance of the algorithm is less sensitive to the energy resolution and that incorporating scattered photons into reconstruction brings more benefits than simply rejecting them.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Field Strain of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Isolated during 2010-2014 Epidemics in Senegal
Authors: Salami Habib , Croville Guillaume , Kwiatek Olivier , Mariette Jérôme , Klopp Christophe , Valière Sophie , Guérin Jean-Luc , Lo Moustapha , Thiongane Yaya , Albina Emmanuel , Libeau Geneviève 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infection is expanding and results in regular epizootic activities in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a field strain of PPRV isolated in Senegal (SnDk11I13) in 2013.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Escherichia coli Strains Investigated for the Effects of Lysogeny on Niche Diversification
Authors: Lai Jennifer Y. H. , Zhang Hao , Chiang Miranda H. Y. , Yu Min , Zhang Rui , Lau Stanley C. K. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

During the course of investigating the effects of lysogeny on niche diversification of
Escherichia coli
, we used the temperate phages induced from one
E. coli
strain to infect another and created an isogenic lysogen of the latter. The draft genome sequences of the three
E. coli
strains are reported herein.
Chapter 15 The continental shelf of western India
Authors: Faruque B. M. , Ramachandran K. V. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

The west coast of India, extending from Sir Creek in the north to Kanyakumari in the south, is a trailing passive margin that bears the imprint of generally shore-parallel and less common orthogonal structural elements. The geomorphology of the marginal part of western India, mostly controlled by the three principal structural trends of NNW–SSE Dharwar, NE–SW Aravalli orogenies and west–east Narmada graben, displays a straight coastline. The coastal ocean current operates from April to October and the net sediment transport is from north to south with the longshore current. The continental shelf width varies from 345 km off Daman in the north to 120 km off Goa and tapers to 60 km off Kochi in the south. The western continental shelf of India has an area of about 310 000 km
2
, and is divided into an inner shelf with modern clayey silt and silty clay sediments with high organic matter and low carbonate content, and an outer shelf having relict carbonate sediments, coarse sands with low organic matter and high carbonates. The mid-shelf is rather uneven topographically, and the outer shelf is commonly interrupted by shore-parallel ridges and reefs with a relief of 2–18 m. Phosphatic limestone micronodules occur in the outer shelf.
Chapter 19 Carbonate shelf sediments of the western continental margin of Australia
Authors: Collins Lindsay B. , James Noel P. , Bone Yvonne 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Australia's western margin is adjacent to a low–moderate-relief, semi-arid hinterland extending from northern tropical to southern temperate latitudes. Swell waves occur throughout, and cyclonic storms and tidal influences decline from north to south. The margin is influenced by the poleward-flowing, warm, nutrient-poor Leeuwin Current. There is limited upwelling and localized downwelling of saline water on to the shelf. The North West Shelf (NWS) is an ocean-facing ramp with palimpsest sediments – formed during Marine Isoptope Stage (MIS) 3 and 4; stranded ooids and peloids formed early during the post-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sea-level rise – and Holocene particles. Changing oceanography during sea-level rise profoundly affected sediment character.
The SW Shelf (SWS) comprises the subtropical sediment-starved Carnarvon Ramp in the north and the incipiently rimmed, flat-topped, steep-fronted Rottnest Shelf in the south. The inner Carnarvon Ramp includes the Ningaloo Reef and hypersaline Shark Bay. The mid ramp is relict or stranded foraminifer-dominated sand, and represents attenuated carbonate production due to downwelling incursions of Shark Bay water on to the ramp; the outer ramp is planktic foraminiferal sand or spiculitic mud. Rottnest Shelf has coralline algal-encrusted hardgrounds, larger symbiont-bearing foraminifers with abundant cool-water elements including bryzoans, molluscs and smaller foraminifers. The SWS is transitional between warm- and cool-water carbonate realms.
Intraplaque Hemorrhage, Fibrous Cap Status, and Microembolic Signals in Symptomatic Patients With Mild to Moderate Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Truijman Martine T.B. , de Rotte Alexandra A.J. , Aaslid Rune , van Dijk Anouk C. , Steinbuch Jeire , Liem Madieke I. , Schreuder Floris H.B.M. , van der Steen Anton F.W. , Daemen Mat J.A.P. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Wildberger Joachim E. , Nederkoorn Paul J. , Hendrikse Jeroen , van der Lugt Aad , Kooi Marianne Eline , Mess Werner H. , Schreuder A.H.C.M.L. , Koudstaal P.J. , Limburg M. , Weisfelt M. , Korten A.G. , Saxena R. , van Orshoven N.P. , Tromp S.C. , Bakker S.L.M. , Kruyt N.D. , de Kruijk J.R. , de Borst G.J. , Meems B.J. , Verhey J.C.B. , Wijnhoud A.D. 
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose—
In patients with mild to moderate symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) and a thin/ruptured fibrous cap (FC) as evaluated with MRI, and the presence of microembolic signals (MESs) as detected with transcranial Doppler, are associated with an increased risk of a (recurrent) stroke. The objective of the present study is to determine whether the prevalence of MES differs in patients with and without IPH and thin/ruptured FC, and patients with only a thin/ruptured FC without IPH.

Methods—
In this multicenter, diagnostic cohort study, patients with recent transient ischemic attack or minor stroke in the carotid territory and an ipsilateral mild to moderate carotid artery plaque were included. IPH and FC status were dichotomously scored. Analysis of transcranial Doppler data was done blinded for the MRI results. Differences between groups were analyzed with Fisher exact test.

Results—

A total of 113 patients were included. Transcranial Doppler measurements were feasible in 105 patients (average recording time, 219 minutes). A total of 26 MESs were detected in 8 of 105 patients. In 44 of 105 plaques IPH was present. In 92 of 105 plaques FC status was assessable, 36 of these had a thin/ruptured FC. No significant difference in the prevalence of MES between patients with and without IPH (
P
=0.46) or with thick versus thin/ruptured FC (
P
=0.48) was found.

Conclusions—
In patients with a symptomatic mild to moderate carotid artery stenosis, IPH and FC status are not associated with MES. This suggests that MRI and transcranial Doppler provide different information on plaque vulnerability.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01709045.
The Impact of Subtidal Circulation on Internal-Tide-Induced Mixing in the Philippine Sea
Authors: Kerry Colette G. , Powell Brian S. , Carter Glenn S. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This study uses a primitive equation model to estimate the time-varying M2 internal tide dissipation in the Philippine Sea in the presence of the subtidal circulation. The time-mean diapycnal diffusivity due to the M2 internal tide is estimated to be 4.0–4.8 × 10−4 m2 s−1 at the Luzon Strait and 2–9 × 10−5 m2 s−1 in the Philippine Sea basin. The variability in internal tides and their interactions with the subtidal ocean circulation results in significant spatial and temporal variability in the energy available for mixing. The subtidal circulation influences internal-tide-induced mixing in two ways: by introducing variability in internal tide generation and by increased dissipation of baroclinic energy associated with greater velocity shear. Close to the generation site, mixing is dominated by high-mode internal tide dissipation, while in the far field the influence of the mesoscale energy on internal tide dissipation is significant, resulting in increased dissipation. This study presents model-based estimates of the important and relatively unknown effect of mesoscale circulation on internal-tide-induced mixing away from internal tide generation sites in a region of high eddy kinetic energy.
Rainy-Season Precipitation over the Sichuan Basin and Adjacent Regions in Southwestern China
Authors: Qian Tingting , Zhao Ping , Zhang Fuqing , Bao Xinghua 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The spatial variability and diurnal propagation of mean precipitation in the summer rainy seasons (from 2003 to 2010) over the Sichuan basin (SCB) and adjacent mountainous regions are examined using high spatiotemporal resolution satellite-derived precipitation estimates. The SCB is located just east of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and is prone to heavy precipitation that often peaks over nighttime and early morning. The large-scale environment over the SCB during the rainy season is characterized by weak low- to midtropospheric convergence in the lee of the TP and by the upper-tropospheric jet stream to the north. Under this flow configuration, the study links the unique diurnal variations in the precipitation pattern and propagation to the unique topography in this region. It is found that during the rainy season, the local diurnal precipitation maximum moves primarily downslope and southeastward, from over the TP in the daytime to SCB at night. A secondary maximum moves northeastward downslope of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau toward the SCB from late evening to the early morning. The movement of precipitation over the SCB and the adjacent regions is closely tied to multiple regional-scale mountain–plain solenoids because of the large contrast in terrain heights between the basin and surrounding mountain ranges.
Improved Outcomes in Auditory Brainstem Implantation with the Use of Near‐Field Electrical Compound Action Potentials
Authors: Mandalà Marco , Colletti Liliana , Colletti Giacomo , Colletti Vittorio 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes (auditory threshold and open‐set speech perception at 48‐month follow‐up) of a new near‐field monitoring procedure, electrical compound action potential, on positioning the auditory brainstem implant electrode array on the surface of the cochlear nuclei versus the traditional far‐field electrical auditory brainstem response.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsAmong the 202 patients with auditory brainstem implants fitted and monitored with electrical auditory brainstem response during implant fitting, 9 also underwent electrical compound action potential recording. These subjects were matched retrospectively with a control group of 9 patients in whom only the electrical auditory brainstem response was recorded. Electrical compound action potentials were obtained using a cotton‐wick recording electrode located near the surface of the cochlear nuclei and on several cranial nerves.ResultsSignificantly lower potential thresholds were observed with the recording electrode located on the cochlear nuclei surface compared with the electrical auditory brainstem response (104.4 ± 32.5 vs 158.9 ± 24.2, P =. 0030). Electrical brainstem response and compound action potentials identified effects on the neighboring cranial nerves on 3.2 ± 2.4 and 7.8 ± 3.2 electrodes, respectively (P =. 0034). Open‐set speech perception outcomes at 48‐month follow‐up had improved significantly in the near‐ versus far‐field recording groups (78.9% versus 56.7%; P =. 0051).ConclusionsElectrical compound action potentials during auditory brainstem implantation significantly improved the definition of the potential threshold and the number of auditory and extra‐auditory waves generated. It led to the best coupling between the electrode array and cochlear nuclei, significantly improving the overall open‐set speech perception.