bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rugged magneto-hydrodynamic invariants in weakly collisional plasma turbulence: Two-dimensional hybrid simulation results
Authors: Hellinger Petr , Montagud-Camps Victor 
Published: August 2024

Aims. We investigated plasma turbulence in the context of solar wind. We concentrated on properties of ideal second-order magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) and Hall MHD invariants.
Methods. We studied the results of a two-dimensional hybrid simulation of decaying plasma turbulence with an initial large cross helicity and a negligible magnetic helicity. We investigated the evolution of the combined energy and the cross, kinetic, mixed, and magnetic helicities. For the combined (kinetic plus magnetic) energy and the cross, kinetic, and mixed helicities, we analysed the corresponding Kármán-Howarth-Monin (KHM) equation in the hybrid (kinetic proton and fluid electron) approximation.
Results. The KHM analysis shows that the combined energy decays at large scales. At intermediate scales, this energy cascades (from large to small scales) via the MHD non-linearity and this cascade partly continues via Hall coupling to sub-ion scales. The cascading combined energy is transferred (dissipated) to the internal energy at small scales via the resistive dissipation and the pressure-strain effect. The Hall term couples the cross helicity with the kinetic one, suggesting that the coupled invariant, referred to here as the mixed helicity, is a relevant turbulence quantity. However, when analysed using the KHM equations, the kinetic and mixed helicities exhibit very dissimilar behaviours to that of the combined energy. On the other hand, the cross helicity, in analogy to the energy, decays at large scales, cascades from large to small scales via the MHD+Hall non-linearity, and is dissipated at small scales via the resistive dissipation and the cross-helicity equivalent of the pressure-strain effect. In contrast to the combined energy, the Hall term is important for the cross helicity over a wide range of scales (even well above ion scales). In contrast, the magnetic helicity is scantily generated through the resistive term and does not exhibit any cascade.
Cosmological simulations of the generation of cluster-scale radio emission from turbulent re-acceleration
Authors: Beduzzi L. , Vazza F. , Cuciti V. , Brunetti G. , Brüggen M. , Wittor D. 
Published: August 2024

Context. The recent discovery of so-called mega radio halos as a new class of diffuse, steep-spectrum radio sources in clusters of galaxies has raised questions about the origin and the evolution of cluster-wide radio emission.
Aims. We investigate whether the formation mechanisms of radio halos and mega radio halos differ, or whether they can be produced by different modalities of the same (re-)acceleration mechanism. Here we present results of a cosmological simulation of a disturbed galaxy cluster, with the aim to study the origin of mega radio halos.
Methods. We analysed the evolution of cosmic-ray electrons (CRe), subject to gains and losses using a Fokker-Planck solver. In particular, we included the effects of adiabatic stochastic acceleration (ASA) which is caused by the stochastic interaction of cosmic rays with diffusing magnetic field lines in super-Alfvenic turbulence. Moreover, we included shock acceleration and the seeding of CRe by galaxies.
Results. Our simulations generate cluster-scale radio sources during mergers, with properties that are in agreement with those observed for real radio halos. Furthermore, we find evidence of additional emission on larger scales. This emission resembles the radial distribution and the spectrum of a mega radio halo, but only when viewed close to the merger axis.
Conclusions. In our simulation, the mechanism responsible for the formation of diffuse radio emission, both in the form of classical and mega radio halos, is cosmic-ray re-acceleration by turbulence. This turbulence is more solenoidal and more subsonic in the classical radio halo region, than in the mega radio halo region.
Compact groups of galaxies in GAMA
Authors: Zandivarez A. , Díaz-Giménez E. , Taverna A. , Rodriguez F. , Merchán M. 
Published: August 2024

Context. Several compact group catalogues have been constructed over the years using different methods, but most of them are not deep enough to go beyond the very local Universe with a high level of redshift completeness.
Aims. We build a statistically reliable sample of compact groups to study the influence of its inner extreme environment at intermediate redshifts.
Methods. We adopted the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) redshift survey as a parent galaxy catalogue, complemented with a small sample of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, to identify compact groups using Hickson-like criteria. We explored the parameter space to perform several identifications, with which we built samples with different characteristics. Particularly, we reduced the maximum galaxy separation in the line of sight to 500 km s−1, and we implemented different magnitude ranges to define membership: a difference between three, two, or one magnitudes between the brightest galaxy and the other members, and no restriction at all. For comparison, we used control samples extracted from a catalogue of loose groups to compare their properties with those of the compact groups.
Results. We built five considerably large compact group samples, ranging from more than 400 up to roughly 2400 systems, and maximum redshifts from 0.2 to 0.4, depending on the selected parameters. The overall properties of each sample agree with previous findings. Moreover, compact groups have a tendency for a larger fraction of quenched galaxies than control loose groups, mainly for galaxies with a low stellar mass in compact groups with short crossing times. In addition, ∼45% of the compact groups are embedded in loose galaxy systems and are highly compact, have the shortest crossing times, and the brightest first-ranked galaxies than compact groups that are considered to be non-embedded or isolated. The compact group properties almost do not evolve at all with redshift.
Conclusions. Our results confirm previous findings that postulated that compact groups are one of the suitable places in which the suppression of the star formation rate in galaxies that is primarily due to galaxy interactions can be studied. These new Hickson-like compact group samples will be valuable to deepen the analysis of these peculiar galaxy systems in a redshift regime that was poorly explored so far.
Intrapericardial Teratoma and Associated 3q29 Deletion in a Fetus:
Case Report
Authors: Guralp Onur , Schoner Katharina , Wolter Aline , Schenk Johanna , Reitz Maleen , Widriani Ellydda , Froebius Katrin , Weber Axel , Axt-Fliedner Roland 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDepending on its location, size, and proximity to the cardiac structures, an
intrapericardial teratoma may lead to severe circulatory disturbances and even
fetal demise. A 34-year-old G2P1 presented at 20w5d with a solid cystic mass in
the right thorax of the fetus, originating from the right atrium or lung, with
signs of non-immune fetal hydrops, soon resulting in intrauterine fetal death.
Detailed post-mortem autopsy revealed signs of hydrops fetalis universalis due
to a spherical tumor mass originating from the aortic root. Histologic
examination of the tumor showed the characteristic morphology of a teratoma. A
1.6-Mb microdeletion at 3q29 was identified by single nucleotide polymorphism
array. This is the first report presenting the diagnosis of an intrapericardial
teratoma in a fetus with a microdeletion of 3q29. Intrapericardial teratoma has
a poor prognosis and the fetal outcome relies on the development of hydrops. A
post-mortem examination is essential in order to make a definitive diagnosis,
which underlines the status of the fetal pathologist and the need for
interdisciplinary cooperation.
Fetal premature excess vertebral linear calcification: a case series
Authors: Bronshtein Moshe , Gover Ayala , Beloosesky Ron , Bachar Gal , Khatib Nizar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDuring embryogenesis, the vertebrae begin development during the 6th week of gestation via two lateral chondrification centers per segment. It was assumed that when disruptions occur in the process of somitogenesis during membranous vertebral body formation, chondrification and ossification will follow the anomalous membranous vertebral body scaffolding, resulting in an anomalous vertebral formation, such as a hemivertebra. Another hypothesis is that hemivertebra may result from anomalous distribution of intersegmental arteries of the vertebral column. There is no description in the medical literature of “excess linear calcifications” of part of the fetal vertebra, characterized by the presence of linear calcifications in the vertebrae of a developing fetus. In the first two trimesters of pregnancy, the fetal vertebrae usually show three calcified points in an axial section: the vertebral body and two transverse processes. Premature linear vertebral calcification was defined as an anterior or posterior echogenic connection between two of the points (Fig. 1). In this study, we describe seven cases of premature fetal linear vertebral calcification.
Physiotherapeutische Kapazität im stationären Bereich deutscher
Universitätskliniken. Ein Benchmark auf Basis der Qualitätsberichte der
Krankenhäuser 2022
Authors: Egen Christoph , Sturm Christian , Schiller Jörg , Gartmann Judith , Bökel Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Physiotherapie in Akutkrankenhäusern hat eine hohe Relevanz
sowohl für den Genesungsprozess von Patient*innen, als auch für eine Reduzierung
von Liegenzeiten. Trotzdem spiegelt sich diese Relevanz im derzeitigen System
der Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) nicht adäquat wieder. In Universitätskliniken
stellt sich in Controlling-Gesprächen immer wieder die Frage nach einem
angemessenen Stellenschlüssel für physiotherapeutisches Personal. Eine
objektivierbare Analyse dieser Fragestellung sollte ein inhaltlich
ausdifferenziertes Benchmark bieten, das Fallschweren, Patientenzahlen und
Fachabteilungen mit in die Bewertung aufnimmt. Leider sind diese Daten nur sehr
schwer zugänglich, so dass es zwar erste Versuche über den Verband der
Universitätsklinika Deutschlands (VUD) gab, aber bislang keine Ergebnisse
deklamiert werden konnten.
Material und Methoden Die öffentlich zugänglichen Qualitätsberichte der
Krankenhäuser enthalten unter anderem Angaben zum stationären
physiotherapeutischen Personal sowie zur Bettenzahl. Um die physiotherapeutische
Kapazität innerhalb der verschiedenen Universitätskliniken miteinander
vergleichen zu können, wurde die durchschnittliche Zahl der Vollzeitkräfte (VK)
des Jahres 2022 mit Hilfe der entsprechenden Bettenanzahl auf 100 Betten
normiert. Die Darstellung der durchschnittlichen Personalkapazität erfolgt rein
deskriptiv durch Angabe des Mittelwerts, des Median und der Standardabweichung.
Ergebnisse Im Mittelwert haben die 35 analysierten Universitätskliniken
3,10 VK pro 100 Betten im physiotherapeutischen Einsatz. Der Median liegt bei
3,03 VK und die Standardabweichung bei 0,98.
Schlussfolgerung Das hier vollzogene Benchmark anhand der öffentlich
einsehbaren Qualitätsberichte kann eine erste objektivierbare Orientierung über
die unterschiedlichen physiotherapeutischen Personalkapazitäten geben.
Perspektivisch könnte ein detaillierteres Benchmark, das auch Case-Mix-Punkte,
Fachgebiete und Fallzahlen mit in der Auswertung berücksichtigt die
Ergebnisqualität der Erhebungsdaten deutlich verbessern.
A Regioselective Domino Benzannulation Route to Indeno[1,2-a]fluorene-7,12-diones
Authors: Naik Vijaykumar , Khan Faiz Ahmed 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA base-promoted domino benzannulation reaction of 2,3-dibromoindenone with acyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls resulted in an efficient synthetic protocol for a series of novel polycyclic indeno[1,2-a]fluorenes. The reaction proceeds via the two sequential addition-elimination reactions of nucleophilic species generated from the 1,3-dicarbonyls under basic conditions, serendipitously leading to the benzannulation with two molecules of 2,3-dibromoindenone. The second addition-elimination occurs on the initially formed adduct of 1,3-dicarbonyl with 2,3-dibromoindenone, setting the stage for further intramolecular cyclization and aromatization. Interestingly, unsymmetrical 1,3-dicarbonyls furnished a single regioisomer. The origin of the regioselectivity and plausible mechanism is discussed.
Skeletal Editing through Single-Atom Insertion and Transmutation: An Insight into a New Era of Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Authors: Malakar Chandi C. , Patel Chandresh K. , Kant Kamal , Banerjee Sourav , Kalita Sangita , Atta Ananta K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConsidering the importance of heterocycles, significantly represented in medicinal chemistry and drug development, the single-atom insertion technique and transmutation strategy provide productive approaches towards complicated molecular structures through heterocycle diversification. It shows a potentially powerful approach for modifying complex substrates concisely and chemospecifically. Although skeletal editing applies to cyclic and acyclic compounds, this review focuses on the diversification of carbo- and heterocyclic compounds for synthesizing various medicinally important molecules via the single-atom insertion technique. The classification system is based on recent and critical historical methods of single-atom insertion as applied to the transmutation of aromatic rings.1	Introduction2	Skeletal Editing through Carbon-Atom Insertion2.1	Skeletal Editing of Indoles and Pyrroles Derivatives: Carbon-Atom Insertion into a C=C Bond2.2	Skeletal Editing of Pyrazole and Indazole Derivatives: Carbon-Atom Insertion into an N–N Bond2.3	Skeletal Editing of Pyrazole and Indazole Derivatives: Insertion of CF3 Group into Heteroarenes2.4	Skeletal Editing of Imidazole Derivatives: Carbon-Atom Insertion into C–N Bond2.5	Skeletal Editing through Atom-to-Atom Transmutation3	Skeletal Editing through N-Atom Insertion3.1	Nitrogen-Atom Insertion into Carbocycles3.2	Nitrogen-Atom Insertion into Heterocycles3.3	Carbon to Nitrogen Transmutation3.3	Molecular Editing through Isotopic Transmutation4	Conclusion
Coverage of Physical Therapy Assessments in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model
Authors: French Margaret A. , Hartman Paul , Hayes Heather A. , Ling Leah , Magel John , Thackeray Anne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background High-value care aims to enhance meaningful patient outcomes while reducing costs and is accelerated by curating data across health care systems through common data models (CDMs), such as Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP). Meaningful patient outcomes, such as physical function, must be included in these CDMs. However, the extent to which physical therapy assessments are covered in the OMOP CDM is unclear.
Objective This study aimed to examine the extent to which physical therapy assessments used in neurologic and orthopaedic conditions are in the OMOP CDM.
Methods After identifying assessments, two reviewer teams independently mapped the neurologic and orthopaedic assessments into the OMOP CDM. Agreement within the reviewer team was assessed by the number of assessments mapped by both reviewers, one reviewer but not the other, or neither reviewer. The reviewer teams then reconciled disagreements, after which agreement and the average number of concept ID numbers per assessment were assessed.
Results Of the 81 neurologic assessments, 48.1% (39/81) were initially mapped by both reviewers, 9.9% (8/81) were mapped by one reviewer but not the other, and 42% (34/81) were unmapped. After reconciliation, 46.9% (38/81) were mapped by both reviewers and 53.1% (43/81) were unmapped. Of the 79 orthopaedic assessments, 46.8% (37/79) were initially mapped by both reviewers, 12.7% (10/79) were mapped by one reviewer but not the other, and 48.1% (38/79) were unmapped. After reconciliation, 48.1% (38/79) were mapped by both reviewers and 51.9% (41/79) were unmapped. Most assessments that were mapped had more than one concept ID number (2.2 ± 1.3 and 4.3 ± 4.4 concept IDs per neurologic and orthopaedic assessment, respectively).
Conclusion The OMOP CDM includes some physical therapy assessments recommended for use in neurologic and orthopaedic conditions but many have multiple concept IDs. Including more functional assessments in the OMOP CDM and creating guidelines for mapping would improve our ability to include functional data in large datasets.
Chiral-Bisphosphine-Catalyzed Asymmetric Staudinger/Aza-Wittig Reaction: Development, Mechanism Study, and Synthetic Application
Authors: Tang Yefeng , Yang Hongzhi , Nguyen Truc Quynh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe enantioselective desymmetrization of 2,2-disubstituted cyclohexane-1,3-diones has been realized through an unprecedented chiral-bisphosphine-catalyzed asymmetric Staudinger/aza-Wittig reaction. The key to this work’s success lies in utilizing an electronically rich and sterically hindered chiral bisphosphine reagent, namely DuanPhos, as a catalyst. In addition, a unique reductive system was established to address the requisite PIII/PV = O redox cycle. The mechanism of the chiral-bisphosphine-catalyzed asymmetric Staudinger/aza-Wittig reaction has been elucidated through combined computational and experimental studies. Several crinine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids have been synthesized concisely, hinging on the newly developed methodology.
Accuracy improvement of laser tracker registration based on enhanced reference system points weighting self-calibration and thermal compensation
Authors: Ma Shoudong , Lu Yong , Deng Kenan , Wu Zhihang , Xu Xu 
Published: August 2024

Improving the accuracy of large measurement systems consisting of multiple laser trackers and Enhanced Reference System (ERS) points is technically challenging. In practice, standard devices with precise distance limits are often used to improve the registration accuracy of laser trackers. However, these standard devices are expensive and need to be calibrated by the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). In addition, the stability of ERS points can significantly affect registration errors. Therefore, this paper proposes a laser tracker registration method based on ERS point-weighted self-calibration and thermal deformation compensation. First, a self-calibration method for simple standard devices based on multilateration measurements is presented, which only utilizes large measurement systems without additional high-precision measurement instruments. Based on this, a weighted registration optimization algorithm for the registration process of a relocation laser tracker is proposed. Then, the position errors of ERS points caused by temperature changes are calculated and compensated based on the thermal deformation coefficient of large structural components. The compensated ERS points are used for the registration of the laser trackers. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a field measurement experiment on a large spherical shell. Compared with the most widely used benchmark method, the proposed method reduces the average registration error of all ERS points from 0.103 to 0.02 mm.
Processing calibration data of low-temperature thermometer based on clustering algorithm
Authors: Liao Yi , Zhang Yu , Zha Kuifan , Liu Xuming , Pan Changzhao 
Published: August 2024

The scarcity of cryogenic thermometers often stems from their high cost and lengthy lead times for calibration. Establishing an in-lab temperature calibration system is necessary to quickly make use of uncalibrated sensors or self-made sensors. This paper introduces a straightforward and high-accuracy thermometer calibration system. By employing copper screws as thermal links between the sensor platform and the cryogen-free refrigerator, temperature oscillation on the sensor platform is suppressed to a few millikelvins. In addition, this paper presents a data processing model based on clustering algorithms. These algorithms sort and group data based on distance, which is similar to human visual judgment of data. This paper discusses the parameter optimization process of the clustering algorithm to interpret the automated data process. The cryogenic temperature sensors calibrated by this system exhibited high accuracy, with relative errors of less than 1% compared to standard thermometers. Moreover, automatically processing calibration data from two uncalibrated thermometers takes just over 10 min, highlighting the effectiveness of this calibration system.
Edge scanning reflectometry for density profile measurement on the SPARC tokamak
Authors: Lin Y. , Nikolaeva V. , Hachmeister D. , Kowalski E. , Reinke M. L. 
Published: August 2024

Edge scanning reflectometry (ESRL) on the SPARC tokamak aims to measure the electron density profile from the far scrape-off layer to the top of the typical H-mode pedestal and provide real-time data for plasma control. ESRL uses a standard frequency-modulated continuous wave technique from 18 to 90 GHz. By implementing both the O-mode and left-hand-cutoff X-mode, it covers densities from ∼4 × 1018 to ∼4 × 1020 m−3 at B0 ∼12 T. A voltage-controlled oscillator acts as the frequency sweep source. Phase-locked dielectric resonator oscillators and bandpass filters generate base signals ∼9–15 GHz. The signals are then frequency multiplied and amplified to reach the K (18–26 GHz), Ka (26–40 GHz), U (40–60 GHz), and E (60–90 GHz) bands. Multi-band signals are combined via the quasi-optical technique. ESRL plans to use oversized waveguides (∼20 m one-way) and a bi-static arrangement to minimize signal losses and distortions while allowing system flexibility. A COMSOL Multiphysics RF model in 2D has been set up to simulate the reflectometry process and help decide the layout of the horn antennas. Engineering analyses of the key parts of the system have been carried out in support of its preliminary design.
Thousand foci coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy
Authors: Gudavičius Dominykas , Kontenis Lukas , Langbein Wolfgang 
Published: August 2024

We demonstrate coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy with 1089 foci, enabled by a high repetition rate amplified oscillator and an optical parametric amplifier. We employ a camera as a multichannel detector to acquire and separate the signals from the foci, rather than using the camera image itself. This allows us to retain the insensitivity of the imaging to scattering afforded by the non-linear excitation point-spread function, which is the hallmark of point-scanning techniques. We show frame rates of 0.3 Hz for a megapixel CARS image, limited by the camera used. The laser source and corresponding CARS signal allows for at least 1000 times higher speed, and using faster cameras would allow acquiring at that speed, opening a perspective to megapixel CARS imaging with a frame rate of more than 100 Hz.