bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcomes of minimally invasive concomitant mitral and tricuspid valve surgery with surgical ablation
Authors: Yoon Sungsil , Kim Kitae , Yoo Jae Suk , Kim Joon Bum , Chung Cheol Hyun , Jung Sung-Ho 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We compared the outcomes of a right mini-thoracotomy (RMT) versus those of a sternotomy for concomitant mitral and tricuspid valve surgery and surgical ablation.

METHODS
We analysed patients who underwent concomitant mitral and tricuspid valve surgery and surgical ablation at a single institution (mean follow-up: 7 years) after propensity score matching. The primary and secondary outcomes were all-cause death, composite major adverse events (including stroke, reoperation, readmission, permanent pacemaker insertion) and recurrence of atrial fibrillation (A-fib). A subgroup analysis was performed.

RESULTS
A total of 797 procedures (mean age: 61.6 years; RMT: 45.2%; female: 66.5%; mitral valve repair: 33.6%) were done; 267 pairs were matched. The 5- and 10-year overall survival in the matched cohort was 92.7% and 86.9% for the RMT group and 92.1% and 83.1% for the sternotomy group (P = 0.879). Significant differences were not observed in major adverse events (P = 0.273; hazard ratio: 0.76) and A-fib recurrence (P = 0.080; hazard ratio: 0.72). The RMT group had lower rates of postoperative low cardiac output syndrome (P = 0.019) and acute renal failure (P = 0.003). Atrial fibrillation high-risk factors (including long-standing A-fib, enlarged left atrium, old age) exhibited significant interactions (P for interaction = 0.002) with the approach regarding A-fib recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, an RMT exhibited no significant differences in long-term outcomes compared to a sternotomy, but it could remain a clinically reasonable option. Patients with a high risk of A-fib may have favourable ablation outcomes with a sternotomy.
Digital literacy education for UK undergraduate pharmacy students: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Alowais Mashael , Nazar Hamde , Tolley Clare 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesDigital literacy is increasingly crucial in pharmacy practice, and relevant education and training are required to prepare the future workforce. This study aims to explore the current and planned inclusion of digital literacy education in the undergraduate curricula of UK pharmacy schools.MethodsA mixed-methods approach was conducted with two phases. The first involved a content analysis of published curricula from all 30 UK pharmacy schools. The second phase included a survey based on the Health Education England Digital Capabilities Framework, distributed to academic staff across all pharmacy schools.Key findingsData from 14 pharmacy schools’ curricula were included in the analysis, with 10 reporting digital literacy education. Key themes identified from the analysed documents included understanding of health informatics, applied informatics, information technology skills, and the emerging digital health technology. Nineteen respondents from 16 schools participated in the survey; digital literacy inclusion was reported by 18 participants. There was variable alignment of digital literacy competencies with the Health Education England framework. Digital literacy was mainly integrated into existing teaching sessions, predominantly through self-learning (n = 12). Electronic Health Records and remote counselling were the main focus areas within the curricula. Challenges in implementing digital literacy include a lack of expertise (n = 13), and time constraints (n = 10).ConclusionsThe trend towards embedding digital literacy in UK pharmacy curricula is clear, but disparities suggest the need for a more unified strategy. Recommendations include establishing a specific digital literacy framework aligned with professional needs, improving accessibility and transparency in curricula documents, and investing in faculty development.
Characterizing apparent treatment resistant hypertension in the United States: insights from the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Alshahawey Mona , Jafari Eissa , Smith Steven M , McDonough Caitrin W 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Hypertension (HTN) remains a significant public health concern and the primary modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death in the United States. We applied our validated HTN computable phenotypes within the All of Us Research Program to uncover prevalence and characteristics of HTN and apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) in United States.

Methods
Within the All of Us Researcher Workbench, we built a retrospective cohort (January 1, 2008–July 1, 2023), identifying all adults with available age data, at least one blood pressure (BP) measurement, prescribed at least one antihypertensive medication, and with at least one SNOMED “Essential hypertension” diagnosis code.

Results
We identified 99 461 participants with HTN who met the eligibility criteria. Following the application of our computable phenotypes, an overall population of 81 462 were further categorized to aTRH (14.4%), stable-controlled HTN (SCH) (39.5%), and Other HTN (46.1%). Compared to participants with SCH, participants with aTRH were older, more likely to be of Black or African American race, had higher levels of social deprivation, and a heightened prevalence of comorbidities such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes were the comorbidities most strongly associated with aTRH. β-blockers were the most prescribed antihypertensive medication. At index date, the overall BP control rate was 62%.

Discussion and Conclusion
All of Us provides a unique opportunity to characterize HTN in the United States. Consistent findings from this study with our prior research highlight the interoperability of our computable phenotypes.
BioASQ Synergy: a dialogue between question-answering systems and biomedical experts for promoting COVID-19 research
Authors: Krithara Anastasia , Nentidis Anastasios , Vandorou Eirini , Katsimpras Georgios , Almirantis Yannis , Arnal Magda , Bunevicius Adomas , Farre-Maduell Eulalia , Kassiss Maya , Konstantakos Vasileios , Matis-Mitchell Sherri , Polychronopoulos Dimitris , Rodriguez-Pascual Jesus , Samaras Eleftherios G , Samiotaki Martina , Sanoudou Despina , Vozi Aspasia , Paliouras Georgios 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
This article presents the novel BioASQ Synergy research process which aims to facilitate the interaction between biomedical experts and automated question-answering systems.

Materials and Methods
The proposed research allows systems to provide answers to emerging questions, which in turn are assessed by experts. The assessment of the experts is fed back to the systems, together with new questions. With this iteration, we aim to facilitate the incremental understanding of a developing problem and contribute to solution discovery.

Results
The results suggest that the proposed approach can assist researchers to navigate available resources. The experts seem to be very satisfied with the quality of the ideal answers provided by the systems, suggesting that such systems are already useful in answering open research questions.

Discussion
BioASQ Synergy aspires to provide a tool that gives the experts easy and personalized access to the latest findings in a fast-growing corpus of material.

Conclusion
In this article, we envisioned BioASQ Synergy as a continuous dialogue between experts and systems to issue open questions. We ran an initial proof-of-concept of the approach, in order to evaluate its usefulness, both from the side of the experts, as well as from the side of the participating systems.
Volume-based Feeds: A Quality Improvement Project for Better Nutrition
Authors: Jagasia Puja , Ladele Olatundun , Slutsky Hanna , Troche Maria , Cogle Sarah , Strock Anna , Shoch Erica , Gondek Steve , Wagner Anne , Slater Elizabeth D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This quality improvement project at a single institution aimed to increase the proportion of prescribed tube feeds delivered to adult patients in the burn population with greater than 20% affected TBSA. A retrospective chart review was performed on all adult patients with burns from January 2018 to July 2022 with greater than 20% TBSA burns to compare quantitative measures such as length of stay, change in weight, and mean tube feeds delivered over hospitalization. Prospective data collection began in August 2022, when the first intervention was implemented, and continued until July 2023 in the same patient population to serve as a postintervention cohort. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the team implemented 8 interventions, which increased the mean proportion of tube feeds delivered to patients from 43% to 78%, marking a significant increase in nutrition delivered to patients, which is critical for wound healing following burn injuries.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Home-based Virtual Rehabilitation to Improve Adherence to Prescribed Home Therapy After Burn Injury: A Northwest Regional Burn Model System Trial
Authors: Sibbett Stephen H , Carrougher Gretchen J , Orton Caitlin M , Sabel Jody I , Terken Tonya , Humbert Andrew , Bunnell Aaron , Gibran Nicole S , Pham Tam N , Stewart Barclay T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Daily rehabilitation after burn injury is vital for the prevention of function-limiting contractures. However, adherence to prescribed therapy following acute burn hospitalization has historically been low and not well-studied. Studies involving virtual reality technology have demonstrated an association with improved functional outcomes in burn therapy. We conducted a 5-year randomized controlled trial comparing 12 weeks of a home-based virtual rehabilitation (HBVR) system with standard burn therapy. Our primary outcome was adherence to prescribed home therapy, measured by e-diary self-report. Secondary outcomes included steps walked daily and patient-reported outcomes regarding stiffness, upper extremity function, and mobility. We enrolled 50 subjects, of which 48 provided data for analysis (23 HBVR, 25 control). Overall adherence to prescribed home therapy was low, 37.2% in the HBVR group and 60.0% in the control group. Reasons for nonadherence in the HBVR group included lack of time, engagement, and replacement of therapy with other physical activity. However, some subjects enjoyed HBVR and believed it aided their recovery. There was no difference in daily steps walked between the 2 groups. Daily walking gradually improved from 3500 steps per day in the first week after baseline and plateaued at 6000 steps per day at week 5. There were no differences in stiffness, upper extremity function, and mobility between the 2 groups at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Subjects demonstrated improved upper extremity function and mobility in the first year after discharge, which coincided with increasing stiffness.
Unraveling spontaneous humoral immune responses against human cancer: a road to novel immunotherapies
Authors: Conejo-Garcia Jose R , Lopez-Bailon Luis U , Anadon Carmen M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In immuno-oncology, the focus has traditionally been on αβ T cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitors that primarily target PD-1 or CTLA4 in these lymphocytes have revolutionized the management of multiple human malignancies. However, recent research highlights the crucial role of B cells and the antibodies they produce in antagonizing malignant progression, offering new avenues for immunotherapy. Our group has demonstrated that dimeric Immunoglobulin A can penetrate tumor cells, neutralize oncogenic drivers in endosomes, and expel them from the cytosol. This mechanistic insight suggests that engineered antibodies targeting this pathway may effectively reach previously inaccessible targets. Investigating antibody production within intratumoral germinal centers and understanding the impact of different immunoglobulins on malignant progression could furnish new tools for the therapeutic arsenal, including the development of tumor-penetrating antibodies. This review aims to elucidate the nature of humoral adaptive immune responses in human cancer and explore how they could herald a new era of immunotherapeutic modalities. By expanding the scope of antitumor immunotherapies, these approaches have the potential to benefit a broader range of cancer patients, particularly through the utilization of tumor cell–penetrating antibodies.
Inflammation, physical activity, and disease-free survival in stage III colon cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B–Southwest Oncology Group 80702 (Alliance)
Authors: Brown Justin C , Ma Chao , Shi Qian , Couture Felix , Kuebler Philip , Kumar Pankaj , Tan Benjamin , Krishnamurthi Smitha , Chang Victor , Goldberg Richard M , O’Reilly Eileen M , Shields Anthony F , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Inflammation and insufficient physical inactivity contribute to individual-level risk of disease recurrence and death in stage III colon cancer. The extent to which increased inflammatory risk can be offset by sufficient physical activity remains unknown.

Methods
This cohort study was nested within the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (now part of the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology) and Southwest Oncology Group randomized trial. Inflammatory burden was quantified by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 2 after recovery from tumor resection. Physical activity was measured during and after postoperative chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival.

Results
The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 88.4% among patients with low inflammation and sufficient physical activity (referent group for all comparisons), 84.9% with low inflammation and insufficient physical activity (absolute risk difference = −3.5 percentage points, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −11.3 to 4.3; P = .38), 78.0% with intermediate inflammation and insufficient physical activity (absolute risk difference = −10.4 percentage points, 95% CI = −17.4 to −3.3; P = .007), and 79.7% with high inflammation and insufficient physical activity (absolute risk difference = −8.7 percentage points, 95% CI = −15.7 to −1.6; P = .022). In contrast, the 3-year disease-free survival rate was 87.3% among patients with intermediate inflammation and sufficient physical activity (absolute risk difference = −1.1 percentage points, 95% CI = −7.5 to 5.3; P = .74) and 84.4% with high inflammation and sufficient physical activity (absolute risk difference = −4.0 percentage points, 95% CI = −12.3 to 4.3; P = .34).

Conclusion
In this observational study of stage III colon cancer patients, physical activity was associated with improved disease-free survival despite high inflammation. Patients with intermediate or high inflammation who were physically active had disease-free survival rates that were not statistically significantly different from those with low inflammation.
Association between CH4 uptake and N2O emission in grassland depends on nitrogen inputs
Authors: Ren Yiming , Zao Yangxinzi , Zhao Ying , Su Rui , Yang Guowei , Li Xiran , Kang Jingru , Shi Yiyu , Xie Yuru , Wang Nannan , Zuo Yunjiang , Li Kexin , He Liyuan , Xu Xiaofeng , Zhang Lihua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Increasing nitrogen (N) input has been recognized as one of the important factors inﬂuencing methane (CH4) uptake and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in arid and semiarid grasslands. Numerous studies have examined the spatiotemporal variations of CH4 and N2O fluxes in various ecosystems; however, the variation of the interplay between CH4 uptake and N2O emission with increasing N has not yet been well understood. This study explored the relationship between CH4 uptake and N2O emission in a semiarid grassland in Inner Mongolia, northern China, under a gradient of 12-year N additions. We found a synergistic relationship at low-N levels, where CH4 uptake and N2O emission are positively correlated. Conversely, an antagonistic interaction emerged with a negative correlation between CH4 uptake and N2O emission observed at high-N levels, which was evidenced by a 33.62% decrease in CH4 uptake and a 264.91% increase in N2O emission. Further independent analysis, covering at least five N addition levels across grassland ecosystems in China, confirmed the general pattern: three of four cases showed a synergistic relationship at low-N levels and an antagonistic relationship at high-N levels. Given the increasing N deposition in the future, the dynamics between CH4 uptake and N2O emission are critical for understanding the impact of external N input on net greenhouse gas emission and consequent global climate change.
Acquired colonic atresia in children: a report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Fouad Dina , Bethell George S , Hall Nigel J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We describe cases of three infants who developed acquired colonic atresia presumed secondary to significant systemic cardiovascular compromise and in the absence of necrotizing enterocolitis. An acquired colonic atresia may present as feed intolerance and should be investigated with a lower gastrointestinal contrast study. We would also recommend routine lower gastrointestinal contrast study prior to stoma closure in an infant with history of significant cardiovascular compromise, even in the absence of significant widespread colonic inflammation such as necrotizing enterocolitis.
Bilateral cranioorbital foramina (Hyrtl foramina): crucial anatomical findings in the management of giant olfactory groove meningioma - a case report and literature review
Authors: Al-Barbarawi Mohammad Khalil , Badary Amr , Moustafa Wahab , Atallah Oday , Stock Karsten , Czapiewski Piotr , Renner Hans-Christof 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Presence of bilateral cranio-orbital foramina, AKA Hyrtl foramina is rare yet existing. They carry the risks of retinal artery emboli due to reflux embolization for the neurovascular interventionalists, navigating complexities in olfactory groove meningioma management. A 59-year-old woman with progressive frontal lobe syndrome presented a large olfactory groove meningioma primarily supplied by bilateral sphenopalatine arteries together with bilateral anterior cerebral arteries, necessitating risky preoperative embolization and meticulous resection. This case underscores the intricate nature of vascular supply in frontal skull base tumors, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary approaches, thorough preoperative planning, and detective research to optimize treatment outcomes.
Oropharyngocutaneous fistula—a case report of conservative management in a diabetic patient
Authors: Alshaalan Yazeed , Althunayan Thamer , Alwadi Fahad , Alessa Mohammed , Waheed Sheikh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Oropharyngocutaneous fistula following deep neck space infections is a rare entity. Patients can present with feeding difficulty and food leakage through the wound. The fistula is suspected to have formed not only due to the infectious process but also due to the combination of transoral and transcervical approach. Infection eradication, aggressive wound care, control of risk factors, and strict NPO with NGT feeding are all important parts of management.
Double-opposing negative pressure dressing—a useful method for splinting skin grafts on the penile shaft
Authors: Zhang Steven L , Chung Benjamin Z W , Wong Allen Wei-Jiat 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The care of skin grafts in the penile shaft is challenging because of its cylindrical shape and constantly changing length and lie, which makes it difficult to apply uniform compression and ensure immobilization during the critical period of skin graft take. These challenges are difficult to overcome with conventional dressings. The authors describe a technique of applying a double-opposing negative pressure dressing to sandwich the penile shaft following reconstruction with a skin graft, which is simple to apply and addresses these issues. Adoption of this technique may allow the reconstructive surgeon to manage skin grafts on the penile shaft with greater ease and confidence of optimum graft take.
The Impact of Mail, Web, and Mixed-Mode Data Collection on Participation in Establishment Surveys
Authors: Küfner Benjamin , Sakshaug Joseph W , Zins Stefan , Globisch Claudia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Over the past 30 years, self-administered establishment surveys have increasingly transitioned away from using mail to more online and mixed-mode data collection. To examine the potential impact of this transition on survey participation, we evaluate several mail and web single- and mixed-mode designs implemented experimentally in a large-scale job vacancy survey. We find that neither response rates nor nonresponse bias significantly differed between the alternative designs. Subgroup analyses revealed that establishments of all size classes showed a preference for the mail mode in the concurrent mixed-mode design, but larger establishments were more likely to participate via web than mail in the single-mode designs. Potential cost savings (over 50 percent per respondent) were evident when utilizing the web mode in either a single- or sequential mixed-mode design. Qualitative follow-up interviews indicated a general preference for the web mode due to easier handling, smoother collaboration between colleagues, avoidance of a cumbersome mail return, and being seen as a modern sustainable solution.
Leveraging Natural Ecosystems to Reoptimize Education and Training for Great Power Competition in the Air Force Medical Service
Authors: Lazarus Melanie M , McMichael Charles R , Rizzuto Bettina M , Watson Daniel J , Venth Betty A , Blair Bradley K , Grussendorf Christopher M 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Organizations today are complex, hyperdimensional, and continuously changing in response to the environment. Over the past decade, the Military Health System has seen continuous organizational change to transform healthcare delivery, and the Air Force Medical Service (AFMS) is currently transitioning to an Air Force Medical Command (AFMEDCOM) structure to best prepare for Great Power Competition and other challenges ahead. The current state of the enterprise involves decision making, resourcing, and execution of education and training that is largely decentralized in nature. To support these efforts, in February 2024, a team of diverse AFMS stakeholders gathered in Washington, D.C. to examine the future of medical education and training for the U.S. Air Force in a new way: through systems theory and ecosystem mapping. This ecosystem approach enables development of an organizational structure and process for change that considers how all stakeholders relate, what external factors threaten the desired transformation, and how the resulting enterprise could become more resilient with future uncertainty and change. This paper discusses the theory behind the ecosystem approach and how it was used to develop a transformed model for the AFMS to organize its education and training. Additionally, a dialogue is presented on how this unique methodology to understanding stakeholder relationships can be leveraged in the re-optimization efforts for Great Power Competition.