bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping Strategies Used by People with a Major Hand Injury: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Bates Elena , Mason Rosemarie 
Published: June 2014

Introduction: The hand is a highly specialized part of the body used to perform many functions. Injury causing permanent change affects a person biologically, psychologically, and socially. This literature review aims to study coping strategies that people adopt in order to deal with a major hand injury. Method: A qualitative literature search was carried out using relevant databases. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, which resulted in eight appropriate papers. Each one was critically appraised and analysed in a narrative way for patterns, consistencies, and variance. Findings: Coping strategies were found to alter over time. In the short term, strategies employed included avoidance, processing the trauma experience, seeking assistance, and maintaining control. In the long term, strategies included acceptance/resignation, resuming occupations, and adjusting occupational roles. Recommendations for intervention included addressing psychosocial impacts, involving significant others in therapy, and incorporating occupational adaptation. Conclusion: The effectiveness of coping strategies depends on the individual and their unique circumstances; hand therapists must work in a holistic and client-centred way to find effective strategies that meet the individual's needs. This involves addressing psychosocial and functional adaptation, as well as physical rehabilitation.
FRACTURE PHENOMENOLOGY AND TOUGHNESS OF FILLED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS VIA THE PURE SHEAR TEST SPECIMEN
Authors: Marano C. , Boggio M. , Cazzoni E. , Rink M. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Material anisotropy induced by strain in filled vulcanized rubbers strongly affects fracture toughness. The influence of carbon black content on fracture phenomenology and fracture toughness was investigated by performing video-recorded tests adopting a suitable grooved notched pure shear test specimen. In such a way, it was possible to analyze the so-called “knotty tearing” deformation mechanism occurring at the crack tip: sideways cracks perpendicular to the notch plane develop before the onset and propagation of a forward crack parallel to the notch plane. The J-integral fracture mechanics approach was adopted and digital image correlation analysis was performed to measure the strain at the crack tip. The presence of carbon black modifies the maximum chain extensibility and strain-induced crystallizability of the rubber matrix in the compound. The formation of sideways cracks occurred in all filled compounds and resulted in a link to the maximum chain extensibility. Nevertheless, toughness enhancement was observed only when strain-induced crystallization took place at the crack tip before the onset of the forward crack.
RECLAIMING OF GROUND RUBBER TIRE BY SAFE MULTIFUNCTIONAL RUBBER ADDITIVES: III. STYRENE BUTADIENE/RECLAIMED GROUND RUBBER TIRE VULCANIZATES
Authors: Mandal Swapan Kumar , Najib Alam M. D. , Roy Kumarjyoti , Debnath Subhas Chandra 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMechanochemically reclaimed ground rubber tire (GRT; i.e., reclaimed rubber [RR]) was revulcanized in combination with styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR). The SBR/RR blend vulcanizates with RR content from 20 to 80 wt% were prepared and studied. Reclaiming of GRT was successfully carried out by tetra benzyl thiuram disulfide in the presence of spindle oil at around ambient temperature. The cure characteristics and physical properties of the SBR/RR blend were studied. The optimum cure time decreased, but scorch time remain unaltered with increasing RR content in the blend. The effect of carbon black was studied in SBR/RR (80/20) blend vulcanizate to determine its ultimate use. Aging characteristics of different SBR/RR blends were evaluated. The thermogravimetric analysis, strain sweep, and dynamic mechanical analysis of SBR/RR blend vulcanizates were examined. The thermal stability of the blend vulcanizates was decreased with an increase in RR content. Strain sweep analysis was performed to determine the RR/SBR miscibility. Temperature sweep measurement indicated that the elastic and storage modulus of the SBR/RR vulcanizates improved with increasing RR content. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to study the coherency and homogeneity in the SBR/RR vulcanizate.
STUDIES ON BOUND RUBBER OF CB BEFORE/AFTER VULCANIZATION OF ISOPRENE RUBBER
Authors: Kato Atsushi , Nishioka Maiko , Sato Yoshihiro , Nagano Etsuko , Yamashita Riko , Kimura Norihito , Taguchi Takehiko 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
The high abrasion furnace (HAF), fast extrusion furnace (FEF), and fine thermal (FT) loadings used in this study were adjusted to keep the carbon black (CB)–specific area of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide adsorption to 2490 m2g−1. Their polyisoprene (IR) compounds and vulcanizates were investigated. Regarding the dependence of the CB gel fraction (FCB gel) on the IR gel/CB weight ratio (WRIR/CB), the amount of CB in the CB gel increased with a larger CB aggregate size, whereas the amount of the IR gel decreased. With regard to the dependence of the activation energy (ΔE(T2)) of the spin–spin relaxation time (T2) on the CB aggregate size, an immobilized rubber layer around CB formed more easily in the order of FT &lt; FEF &lt; HAF. Moreover, it became clear from the relationship between WRIR/CB and ΔE(T2) that the amount of the IR gel in the CB gel increased with decreasing ΔE(T2). The unique ratio of the surface area to the volume of CB aggregates (SCB/VCB) was obtained from results of three-dimensional transmission electron microscopy observation. The dependence of the amount of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) adsorption and compressed DBP adsorption on SCB/VCB was approximately linear, which suggested that SCB/VCB was closely related to CB aggregates and CB agglomerates. The linear relationship seen between SCB/VCB and ΔE(T2) revealed that an immobilized rubber layer was present around CB. The dependence of (qCB/qIR)(WRIR/CB) on SCB/VCB was also investigated using the densities (ρIR and ρCB) of IR and CB. The slope (tirl) of their approximately linear relationship was about 3.9 nm, which almost agreed with the bound rubber thickness reported in the literature to date. It is also inferred that because the intercept (α), which reflects the change in the IR gel weight fraction, was about 0.04 (4%), the IR gel weight fraction changed very little between before and after vulcanization.
Un observatoire des pratiques enseignantes en maternelle : vers une typologie d’activités stimulant la parole de l’enfant
Authors: Romain Christina , Roubaud Marie-Noëlle 
Published: June 2014

Cet article repose sur une analyse linguistique d’interactions verbales entre enseignant et élève(s) lors d’activités visant le développement du langage oral. Ces interactions ont été recueillies sous forme d’enregistrements vidéo pendant une période de cinq mois dans quatre classes, dont deux de maternelle. Le corpus a donné lieu à une transcription et à une analyse linguistique afin de répondre à ces questions :En quoi les activités mises en place par les enseignants sont-elles favorables au développement du langage oral chez l’enfant de 3 à 6 ans ? Quelles compétences communicationnelles et linguistiques sont travaillées à travers ces activités spécifiques ?Les résultats ont permis d’identifier les compétences visées par chaque activité et de souligner l’impact des interactions sur la construction du langage.
HLA‐DR–Expressing Fibroblast‐Like Synoviocytes Are Inducible Antigen Presenting Cells That Present Autoantigens in Lyme Arthritis
Authors: Rouse Joseph R. , Danner Rebecca , Wahhab Amanda , Pereckas Michaela , Nguyen Christine , McClune Mecaila E. , Steere Allen C. , Strle Klemen , Jutras Brandon L. , Lochhead Robert B. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveHLA‐DR–expressing fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) are a prominent cell type in synovial tissue in chronic inflammatory forms of arthritis. FLS‐derived extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including fibronectin‐1 (FN1), contain immunogenic CD4+ T cell epitopes in patients with postinfectious Lyme arthritis (LA). However, the role of FLS in presentation of these T cell epitopes remains uncertain.MethodsPrimary LA FLS and primary murine FLS stimulated with interferon gamma (IFNγ), Borrelia burgdorferi, and/or B burgdorferi peptidoglycan (PG) were assessed for properties associated with antigen presentation. HLA‐DR–presented peptides from stimulated LA FLS were identified by immunopeptidomics analysis. OT‐II T cells were co‐cultured with stimulated murine FLS in the presence of cognate ovalbumin antigen to determine the potential of FLS to act as inducible antigen presenting cells (APCs).ResultsFLS expressed HLA‐DR molecules within inflamed synovial tissue and tendons from patients with postinfectious LA in situ. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and co‐stimulatory molecules were expressed by FLS following in vitro stimulation with IFNγ and B burgdorferi and presented both foreign and self‐MHC‐II peptides, including an immunogenic T cell epitope derived from Lyme autoantigen FN1. Stimulated FLS induced proliferation of naive OT‐II CD4+ T cells that were dependent on OT‐II antigen and CD40. Stimulation with B burgdorferi PG enhanced FLS‐mediated T cell activation.ConclusionMHC‐II+ FLS are inducible APCs that can induce CD4+ T cell activation in an antigen‐ and CD40‐dependent manner. Activated FLS can also present ECM‐derived Lyme autoantigens, implicating FLS in amplifying tissue‐localized autoimmunity in LA.
Tuning p‐Band Centers and Interfacial Built‐In Electric Field of Heterostructure Catalysts to Expedite Bidirectional Sulfur Redox for High‐Performance Li–S Batteries
Authors: Wang Xinying , Chen Li , Yu Yaojiang , Wang Wei , Yue Liguo , Shao Zhuhang , Wu Hao , Li Yunyong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransition‐metal compound based heterostructures hold promise but challenge in expediting stepwise sulfur redox because of their inferior adsorption‐catalysis activity and unclear mechanism in Li–S batteries (LSBs). Herein, the p‐band centers and interfacial charge rearrangement of Mo‐doped VS2/MXene heterostructure are tuned through Mo doping and built‐in electric field (BIEF) effect to boost dual‐directional sulfur redox. Experimental and theoretical calculations demonstrate that Mo doping tunes the p‐band center of active S in VS2, shifting it positively toward the Fermi level to enhance the polysulfide adsorption ability and electrocatalytic activity. Whereas BIEF between Mo‐VS2 and MXene accelerates electrons transfer from MXene to Mo‐VS2 surface, generating more electrons accumulation at the surface‐S sites. Their synergy accelerates sulfur‐species conversion by reducing the energy barrier of polysulfide reduction and Li2S oxidation. Ultimately, S/Mo‐VS2/MXene cathode exhibits large initial capacity of 1387 mAh g−1at 0.2 C and stable 500‐cycle long‐term lifespan at 0.5 C. Impressively, the thick S/Mo‐VS2/MXene cathode (S loading: 5.4 mg cm−2, lean electrolyte: 4.5 µL mgsulfur−1) achieves a high areal capacity of 6.44 mAh cm−2 with 91.5% retention for 61 cycles. This work highlights the synergistic strategy of doping engineering and BIEF to tune the p‐band centers and interfacial charge rearrangement for designing high‐performance LSBs.
Liquid Springs for High‐Speed Contamination‐Free Manipulation of Droplets and Solid Particles
Authors: Zhao Haibo , Du Hewei , Deng Qiyu , Li Wei , Guo Mingliang , Zhang Yiyuan , Wang Liqiu , Yu Peng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate and flexible control of droplets is essential in many industrial applications, such as water harvesting, chemical assays, and biological detection. Magnetic force‐based methods have been broadly exploited to fulfill the goals due to the advantage of non‐contact, easy control, and long‐range navigation. Nevertheless, it still suffers from some challenges, such as sample fouling, and the paradox between the droplet efficient motion and the large volume. Here a ferrofluid‐based liquid spring to achieve contamination‐free and fast droplet transportation on non‐wetting solid surfaces is proposed. The liquid spring is based on the actuation of a ferrofluid droplet in an external uniform magnetic field. The actuation enables the liquid spring to propel tiny objects, including the non‐magnetic miscible droplets and water‐repellent solid particles, with adjustable motion velocity. Furthermore, the magnetic force, applied on the ferrofluid via an additional permanent magnet, makes it possible to navigate the liquid spring in a programmable way. With the aid of the liquid spring, the single or multiple droplets/solid particles advancing, on‐demand droplets coalescence, and out‐of‐plane droplet motion are achievable.
Recent Advances in Biomacromolecule‐Reinforced 2D Material (2DM) Hydrogels: From Interactions, Synthesis, and Functionalization to Biomedical Applications
Authors: Gu Guanghui , Cui Zichen , Du Xiaofan , He Peng , Rong Chun , Tao Hao , Wei Gang , Xi Yongming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRegenerative biomedicine has emerged as a forefront area in medical research, heralding a new era of therapeutic strategies. This review delineates the integration of 2D materials (2DMs) within the area of biomedical engineering, leveraging their superior physicochemical attributes for enhance biomedical outcomes. The synergistic interaction between biomacromolecules and 2DMs is explored, demonstrating their potential to mitigate the limitations inherent to each while simultaneously augmenting their beneficial properties. In particular, incorporating 2DMs into hydrogels highlights their capability to enhance the mechanical strength of hydrogels, providing a biomimetic scaffold for tissue engineering regeneration and cancer diagnosis and therapy. An overview of the synthetic methodologies are provided for 2DMs, elucidating their interaction dynamics with biomacromolecules. The review primarily concentrates on the applications of biomacromolecule‐reinforced 2DM hydrogels across various biomedical fields, including bone tissue engineering, wound healing, neural tissue engineering, cardiac tissue engineering, as well as in the delivery of drugs and genes, cancer therapy, and biosensing technologies. Finally, the review discusses the existing challenges and future outlook for developing and using biomacromolecule‐reinforced 2DM hydrogels, underlining their transformative potential in regenerative medicine.
Deciphering Absolute O 2p Position as a Practical Descriptor for Strain‐Dependent Perovskite Nickelate Electrocatalysts
Authors: Jiang Chang , Chen Xinze , Zou Qingcheng , Zhao Kai , Yan Ning , Sun Jiahui , Zhang Zhen , Wu Meng , Huang Jijie , Fu Xianzhu , Alodhayb Abdullah N. , Sun Yifei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping effective descriptors for perovskite oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is crucial for advancing clean energy technologies, which are often constrained by incomplete theoretical calculations. Herein, using step‐wise strained (−3–3%) NdNiO3 as a model, the density functional theory (DFT) is employed, considering both bulk superlattice model (B‐model) and surface slab models (S‐model) to garner a set of electronic descriptors. The S‐model‐derived metal─oxygen orbital hybridization is found to agree with the X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) results, which, however, are disentangled from the observed OER activity trend. Further detailed analysis discovers that the alignment of the calculated O 2p band position with the OER redox potential on an absolute scale can serve as a hitherto unexplored descriptor for comprehending the activity of lattice oxygen and its bonding strength to OH*. Combined DFT and XAS data reveals that excessive strain hinders surface oxygen exchange, slows down the rate‐determining step of OH* adsorption, and impairs the durability of the electrocatalyst by altering the random electron occupancy in frontier orbitals. The work sheds light on the rational design of cost‐effective, high‐performance perovskite‐based electrocatalysts.
Europium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework with N─H···π Interaction and Intramolecular Energy Transfer Mechanisms for Self‐Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Zhao Lu , Ren Xiang , Du Yu , Gao Zhongfeng , Ma Hongmin , Wang Huan , Li Yuyang , Wei Qin , Ju Huangxian , Wu Dan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work proposes a europium‐based metal–organic framework ([Eu2(HNCP)4Cl4(H2O)2]n, named ZL‐1), featuring dinuclear Eu2(COO)2 clusters as connecting nodes, linked by benzimidazolyl tridentate ligand 2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐imidazo[4,5‐f]‐1,10‐phenanthroline (HNCP) for efficient self‐electrochemiluminescence (self‐ECL). The cathodic ECL emission shows two peaks with a maximum intensity of 7500 a.u.at 0 ∼ −1.8 V in pH 9.0 phosphated buffered solution (PBS) without extra coreactant. The cleavage of N─H bond in benzimidazolyl group can occur under alkaline conditions to generate neutral radical ZL‐1•. After applying voltage, the ZL‐1 can be reduced twice to form ZL‐1Re1•− and ZL‐1Re2•−. Then, ZL‐1Re1•− and ZL‐1Re2•− react with ZL‐1•, accompanied by transferring energy from HNCP to central Eu3+ to produce excited ZL‐1Re1* and ZL‐1Re2* for ECL1 and ECL2 emissions. The local excitation in the HNCP unit is demonstrated with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and stepping pulse ECL. The stimulated and luminous species are confirmed by density functional theory calculations and ECL spectra. This design approach of self‐ECL materials, which coordinated functional ligands with lanthanide metal ions as 3D‐structured MOF, broadened the applications of ECL systems to loose conditions and facilitated mechanistic exploration of ECL processes.
Eosinophils Respond to Extracellular Matrix Treated Muscle Injuries but are Not Required for Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Lokwani Ravi , Fertil Daphna , Hartigan Devon R. , Josyula Aditya , Ngo Tran B. , Sadtler Kaitlyn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe immune response to decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) muscle injury is characterized by Th2 T cells, Tregs, M2‐like macrophages, and an abundance of eosinophils. Eosinophils have previously been described as mediators of muscle regeneration but inhibit skin wound healing. In addition to response to wounding, a large number of eosinophils respond to biomaterial‐treated muscle injury, specifically in response to decellularized ECM. ECM treatment of muscle wounds has been associated with positive outcomes in tissue regeneration, but the detailed mechanisms of action are still being evaluated. Here, this work investigates the role of these eosinophils in terms of their immunologic phenotype and subsequent effect on the local tissue microenvironment. These cells have a mixed phenotype showing both type‐2 and regulatory gene upregulation and but are not required for macrophage polarization. Beyond the local tissue, ECM treatment is seen to induce a transient flux of eosinophils to the lungs but prevented a trauma‐associated neutrophilia in the lungs of injured mice. This work believes this local and systemic immunomodulation contributes to the regenerative effects of the material and such distal tissue effects should be considered in therapeutic design and implementation.
Advancements of Porphyrin‐Derived Nanomaterials for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy and Biofilm Eradication
Authors: Chen Suwen , Huang Baoxuan , Tian Jia , Zhang Weian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe threat posed by antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and the challenge of biofilm formation has highlighted the inadequacies of conventional antibacterial therapies, leading to increased interest in antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in recent years. This approach offers advantages such as minimal invasiveness, low systemic toxicity, and notable effectiveness against drug‐resistant bacterial strains. Porphyrins and their derivatives, known for their high molar extinction coefficients and singlet oxygen quantum yields, have emerged as crucial photosensitizers in aPDT. However, their practical application is hindered by challenges such as poor water solubility and aggregation‐induced quenching. To address these limitations, extensive research has focused on the development of porphyrin‐based nanomaterials for aPDT, enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic sterilization and broadening the range of antimicrobial activity. This review provides an overview of various porphyrin‐based nanomaterials utilized in aPDT and biofilm eradication in recent years, including porphyrin‐loaded inorganic nanoparticles, porphyrin‐based polymer assemblies, supramolecular assemblies, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Additionally, insights into the prospects of aPDT is offered, highlighting its potential for practical implementation.
Jellyfish‐Inspired Artificial Spider Silk for Luminous Surgical Sutures
Authors: Wen Kai , Zhang Chao , Zhang Guanghao , Wang Meilin , Mei Guangkai , Zhang Zhenzhen , Zhao Weiqiang , Guo Wenjin , Zhou Qiang , Liu Enzhao , Zhu Yutian , Bai Jie , Zhu Meifang , Wang Wei , Liu Zunfeng , Zhou Xiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of functional surgical sutures with excellent mechanical properties, good fluorescence, and high cytocompatibility is highly required in the field of medical surgeries. Achieving fibers that simultaneously exhibit high mechanical robustness, good spinnability, and durable fluorescence emission has remained challenging up to now. Taking inspiration from the spinning process of spider silk and the luminescence mechanism of jellyfish, this work reports a luminous artificial spider silk prepared with the aim of balancing the fiber spinnability and mechanical robustness. This is realized by employing highly hydrated segments with aggregation‐induced luminescence for enhancing the fiber spinnability and polyhydroxyl segments for increasing the fiber mechanical robustness. Twist insertion during fiber spinning improves the fiber strength, toughness, and fluorescence emission. Furthermore, coating the fiber with an additional polymer layer results in a “sheath–core” architecture with improved mechanical properties and capacity to withstand water. This work provides a new design strategy for performing luminescent and robust surgical sutures.
Soft, Tough, Antifatigue Fracture Elastomer Composites with Low Thermal Resistance through Synergistic Crack Pinning and Interfacial Slippage
Authors: Wu Weijian , Fan Jianfeng , Zeng Chen , Cheng Xiaxia , Liu Xiaowei , Guo Shifeng , Sun Rong , Ren Linlin , Hao Zhifeng , Zeng Xiaoliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSoft elastomer composites are promising functional materials for engineer interfaces, where the miniaturized electronic devices have triggered increasing demand for effective heat dissipation, high fracture energy, and antifatigue fracture. However, such a combination of these properties can be rarely met in the same elastomer composites simultaneously. Here a strategy is presented to fabricate a soft, extreme fracture tough (3316 J m−2) and antifatigue fracture (1052.56 J m⁻2) polydimethylsiloxane/aluminum elastomer composite. These outstanding properties are achieved by optimizing the dangling chains and spherical aluminum fillers, resulting in the combined effects of crack pinning and interfacial slippage. The dangling chains that lengthen the polymer chains between cross‐linked points pin the cracks and the rigid fillers obstruct the cracks, enhancing the energy per unit area needed for fatigue failure. The dangling chains also promote polymer/filler interfacial slippage, enabling effective deflection and blunting of an advancing crack tip, thus enhancing mechanical energy dissipation. Moreover, the elastomer composite exhibits low thermal resistance (≈0.12 K cm2 W−1), due to the formation of a thermally conductive network. These remarkable characteristics render this elastomer composite promising for application as a thermal interface material in electronic devices.