bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space
Authors: McIvor Charlotte , Walsh Ian R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith Ireland’s division into two territories under different governance, its geographic location at the edge of Europe and its colonial history where its people were dispossessed of their land, it is perhaps unsurprising that space, as a mode of meaning-making in performance, is a key feature of Irish theatre. This chapter examines how space functions in Irish theatre, contextualising cultural and political considerations of space; showing how these contexts can be read into the dramaturgies of theatrical productions and site-specific performances. The three frameworks and accompanying case studies that model the application of these critical lenses are:

The Home Place (Stewart Parker’s Pentecost).

Liminal Spaces (Marina Carr’s By the Bog of Cats).

Sites of Performance/Non-theatre Spaces (ANU’s The Boys of Foley Street).
Economic Expansion and Moral Conservatism (1957–1966)
Authors: McIvor Charlotte , Walsh Ian R 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile the late 1950s and early 1960s are marked by abrupt change in political policies with the Republic of Ireland committed to a new plan of economic expansion, societal transformation was not sudden as this turnabout in approach aimed to continue nationalist objectives of a united Ireland and preserve a way of life based on agriculture. Women’s bodies and sexuality remained contained and policed by a patriarchal society dominated by strict Catholic dogma. This chapter tells how theatre productions confronted these issues. It also charts how the roles of directors, designers and producers rose to prominence at this time buoyed by exposure to international work through the Dublin Theatre Festival and audiences' appetite for non-naturalistic staging methods.
Nation
Authors: McIvor Charlotte , Walsh Ian R 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArguably the nation and its many anti-colonial, postcolonial, Troubles-era, post-conflict and early twenty-first-century permutations remain the defining thematic obsession of contemporary Irish theatre. This chapter contributes elucidating frameworks for navigating how contemporary Irish theatre continues to dramatise and negotiate these complex and contested dimensions of the nation from the perspective of past, present and future. The three frameworks and accompanying case studies that model the application of these critical lenses to key theatre productions are:

Theatre and the political work of nation-building (Michael West/Corn Exchange’s Dublin By Lamplight),

Woman and/as nation (Anne Devlin’s Ourselves Alone),

Interrogating national histories through the Irish history play (Frank McGuinness’s Observe the Sons of Ulster Marching Towards the Somme).
Why Are They Inconsistent? Discussing Norwegian History Student Teachers’ Understanding of the Beliefs about Learning and Teaching History Questionnaire, Through Cognitive Interviewing
Authors: Wagner David-Alexandre 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWagner discusses the challenges usually met when assessing epistemic beliefs in history through quantitative questionnaires. After a short review of these common problems—epistemic wobbling, epistemic inconsistencies, problems of reliability and influence of the different national cultural contexts—Wagner analyses how ten history student teachers (five male and five female) understood a Norwegian version of Maggioni’s BLTHQ (Beliefs about Learning and Teaching History Questionnaire) and reflected about their own epistemic beliefs. The analysis of these in-depth interviews paves the way for a discussion and a better qualitative understanding of the abovementioned problems.
From the Ideal-Type Historian and its Associated Conceptions of Teaching History to a More Embodied and Practical Life Approach
Authors: Zanazanian Paul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn his commentary, Zanazanian identifies two areas of reflection with two concomitant tensions that emerge from the book’s chapters and from the broader scholarship in history education on epistemological beliefs about history and its epistemic uses when teaching. Given the evidently strong overreliance on history-as-discipline for viewing history and its workings and the consequent assumption of a direct influence between epistemological beliefs and how (disciplinary) history should be taught, Zanazanian calls for scholars to self-reflexively problematize their thinking patterns and to be open to transforming their unintentional preferences and normative assumptions when conducting research in the field. By espousing a more embodied and practical life approach to history, Zanazanian argues, the inclusion of other (non-disciplinary) epistemologies, along with newer thoughts and practices, can emerge.
The Epistemic Considerations of Post-graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE)-History Students: A South African Case Study
Authors: Wassermann Johan , Angier Kate 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses the preliminary findings from a collaborative case study conducted at two South African universities by Post-graduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) students registered for a History Methodology course. Using a research design informed by grounded theory and inductive reasoning, we gathered and analysed data which shed light on our students’ journey into and opinions about the teaching of History. By enabling our students’ authentic voices to be heard, we intended to better understand their epistemological considerations towards history as a school subject and the beliefs with which they entered our PGCE-History Methodology classes. The study brought a mosaic of epistemological considerations to the surface for us and highlighted the importance of giving space to history teacher education for critical reflection. Two components of this mosaic which will be unpacked in this chapter are “history is about the present, and it is personal” and “history is African in perspective”.
“Both Sides of the Story”: The Epistemic Nature of Historical Knowledge as Understood by Pre-service History Teachers in a South African University
Authors: Godsell Sarah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGodsell draws on “Both sides of the story”, a concept outlined by Teeger (American Sociological Review, 80(6):1175–1200, 2015), to explore ways in which pre-service history teachers in a South African institution position themselves towards history epistemically, including positions on neutrality, and historical “truth.” Godsell draws on how pre-service teachers grapple with the “both sides of the story” concept—which Teeger has shown as a false narrative used to quell discomfort when teaching uncomfortable Apartheid history in South African schools. Godsell draws on her own students’ interaction with this concept, often defending it as an appropriate pedagogical choice to navigate painful history. Godsell argues for an understanding of epistemic stance that takes into account a range of issues about learning context: the students’, the country, and the history curriculum.
Two-loop mixed QCD-electroweak amplitudes for Z+jet production at the LHC: bosonic corrections
Authors: Bargieła Piotr , Caola Fabrizio , Chawdhry Herschel , Liu Xiao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present a calculation of the bosonic contribution to the two-loop mixed QCD-electroweak scattering amplitudes for Z-boson production in association with one hard jet at hadron colliders. We employ a method to calculate amplitudes in the ’t Hooft-Veltman scheme that reduces the amount of spurious non-physical information needed at intermediate stages of the computation, to keep the complexity of the calculation under control. We compute all the relevant Feynman integrals numerically using the Auxiliary Mass Flow method. We evaluate the two-loop scattering amplitudes on a two-dimensional grid in the rapidity and transverse momentum of the Z boson, which has been designed to yield a reliable numerical sampling of the boosted-Z region. This result provides an important building block for improving the theoretical modelling of a key background for monojet searches at the LHC.
The black hole interior from non-isometric codes and complexity
Authors: Akers Chris , Engelhardt Netta , Harlow Daniel , Penington Geoff , Vardhan Shreya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Quantum error correction has given us a natural language for the emergence of spacetime, but the black hole interior poses a challenge for this framework: at late times the apparent number of interior degrees of freedom in effective field theory can vastly exceed the true number of fundamental degrees of freedom, so there can be no isometric (i.e. inner-product preserving) encoding of the former into the latter. In this paper we explain how quantum error correction nonetheless can be used to explain the emergence of the black hole interior, via the idea of “non-isometric codes protected by computational complexity”. We show that many previous ideas, such as the existence of a large number of “null states”, a breakdown of effective field theory for operations of exponential complexity, the quantum extremal surface calculation of the Page curve, post-selection, “state-dependent/state-specific” operator reconstruction, and the “simple entropy” approach to complexity coarse-graining, all fit naturally into this framework, and we illustrate all of these phenomena simultaneously in a soluble model.
Guideline for the verification of digital PCR methods in analytical GMO testing
Authors: Weidner Christopher , Frenzel Jakob , Bartsch Daniela , Waiblinger Hans-Ulrich , Mankertz Joachim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe international working group “Development of methods for identification of foodstuffs produced by means of genetic engineering techniques” was established pursuant to § 64 of the German Food and Feed Code (LFGB). It has developed a guideline for implementing and verifying digital PCR methods previously validated as real-time PCR techniques. While event-specific methods in testing of genetically modified organisms (GMO) have traditionally relied on real-time PCR, new digital PCR technologies offer significant advantages and therefore, leading to an increased use by control laboratories. This guideline provides practical recommendations for transferring the real-time PCR to digital PCR and for verifying the digital PCR method. The guideline is applicable to analysis of GMO in food, feed and seed and is freely available on the website of the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL).
AIM2 enhances Candida albicans infection through promoting macrophage apoptosis via AKT signaling
Authors: Jiang Qian , Chen Yayun , Zheng Siping , Sui Lina , Yu Dalang , Qing Furong , He Wenji , Xiao Qiuxiang , Guo Tianfu , Xu Li , Liu Zhichun , Liu Zhiping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCandida albicans is among the most prevalent invasive fungal pathogens for immunocompromised individuals and novel therapeutic approaches that involve immune response modulation are imperative. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), a pattern recognition receptor for DNA sensing, is well recognized for its involvement in inflammasome formation and its crucial role in safeguarding the host against various pathogenic infections. However, the role of AIM2 in host defense against C. albicans infection remains uncertain. This study reveals that the gene expression of AIM2 is induced in human and mouse innate immune cells or tissues after C. albicans infection. Furthermore, compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts, Aim2−/− mice surprisingly exhibit resistance to C. albicans infection, along with reduced inflammation in the kidneys post-infection. The resistance of Aim2−/− mice to C. albicans infection is not reliant on inflammasome or type I interferon production. Instead, Aim2−/− mice display lower levels of apoptosis in kidney tissues following infection than WT mice. The deficiency of AIM2 in macrophages, but not in dendritic cells, results in a phenocopy of the resistance observed in Aim2−/− mice against C. albican infection. The treatment of Clodronate Liposome, a reagent that depletes macrophages, also shows the critical role of macrophages in host defense against C. albican infection in Aim2−/− mice. Furthermore, the reduction in apoptosis is observed in Aim2−/− mouse macrophages following infection or treatment of DNA from C. albicans in comparison with controls. Additionally, higher levels of AKT activation are observed in Aim2−/− mice, and treatment with an AKT inhibitor reverses the host resistance to C. albicans infection. The findings collectively demonstrate that AIM2 exerts a negative regulatory effect on AKT activation and enhances macrophage apoptosis, ultimately compromising host defense against C. albicans infection. This suggests that AIM2 and AKT may represent promising therapeutic targets for the management of fungal infections.
Legendre Theorems for a Class of Partitions with Initial Repetitions
Authors: Nyirenda Darlison , Mugwangwavari Beaullah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPartitions with initial repetitions were introduced by George Andrews. We consider a subclass of these partitions and find Legendre theorems associated with their respective partition functions. The results in turn provide partition-theoretic interpretations of some Rogers–Ramanujan identities due to Lucy J. Slater.
Combining biotelemetry and genetics provides complementary insights relevant to the management and conservation of a freshwater predator (Esox lucius) living in brackish lagoons
Authors: Lukyanova Olga , Dhellemmes Félicie , Dennenmoser Stefan , Nolte Arne W. , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo inform the management of wild fish populations, it is equally important to understand both the ecological connectivity of habitat patches, apparent at annual and seasonal scales, and the genetic connectivity, emerging at evolutionary scales across generations. Ecological connectivity indicates the potential for rapid recolonization upon local depletion, while genetic connectivity informs about the conservation needs related to the evolution of subpopulations and ecotypes in metapopulations. We combined acoustic biotelemetry and pooled-genome sequencing to study a northern pike (Esox lucius) population as a model of a freshwater piscivore that inhabits a network of shallow brackish lagoons in the southern Baltic Sea. We found limited ecological connectivity among genetically similar subpopulations of pike, suggesting a metapopulation structure characterized by discrete local subpopulations with infrequent migrations between them. Connectivity of different lagoons increased during spawning, suggesting directed spawning migrations to either freshwater rivers or low salinity patches in connected lake-like bays. Spawning site fidelity to either brackish or freshwater spawning sites was observed, further contributing to the reproductive isolation of certain subpopulations. The genetic population structure aligned with salinity gradients and geographical distance and was significant between pairs of rivers draining into the lagoon network, but it was unrelated to ecological connectivity. The results collectively suggest that local subpopulations may not rapidly replenish upon local depletion and that even weak connectivity among subpopulations was sufficient to maintain genetic homogeneity across lagoons with similar salinity levels. Effective management and conservation of species forming metapopulations, such as the coastal northern pike studied here, necessitate localized approaches that adapt fishing mortality to local abundance and promote access to specific habitats, especially
rivers, during spawning to conserve the entire genetic biodiversity and foster resilience of the metapopulation.
Komplexe kutane Leishmaniose mit ossärer Beteiligung
Authors: Hübner G. A. , Prüßmann W. , Jossifov N. , Mischnik A. , Terheyden P. 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen immunsupprimierten Patienten mit einer komplexen kutanen Leishmaniose (Erreger: Leishmania [L.] infantum), der eine ossäre Beteiligung des Digitus V des linken Fußes aufwies und erfolgreich mit Miltefosin behandelt wurde. Die Erregerdiagnostik erfolgte mittels positiver Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) in Haut- und Knochengewebe. Bei Immunsupprimierten sollte immer nach extrakutanen Manifestationen der Leishmaniose gesucht werden. Eine ossäre Beteiligung bei kutaner Leishmaniose mit L. infantum ist bisher noch nicht beschrieben worden.
Lithium, the gold standard drug for bipolar disorder: analysis of current clinical studies
Authors: Airainer Magdalena , Seifert Roland 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLithium is the gold standard drug in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Despite increasing scientific interest, relatively few patients with bipolar disorder receive lithium therapy. Lithium is the only drug that is effective in the prophylaxis of manic, depressive, and suicidal symptoms. Lithium therapy is also associated with a variety of adverse drug reactions and the need for therapeutic drug monitoring. Numerous studies have focussed on the efficacy and safety of both lithium-monotherapy and lithium-add-on therapy. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic overview of clinical studies on lithium therapy for bipolar disorder from the last 7 years and to present a critical analysis of these studies. The results provide an up-to-date overview of the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of lithium therapy for bipolar disorder and thus improve the pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder. A total of 59 studies were analysed using various analysis parameters. The studies were also categorised into different subgroups. These are lithium-monotherapy, lithium vs. placebo/drug, and lithium + adjunctive therapy. The majority of the studies (N = 20) had a duration of only 3–8 weeks. Only 13 studies lasted for > 40 weeks. Lithium was superior to aripiprazole, valproic acid, and quetiapine in terms of improving manic symptoms. Lithium therapy resulted in a lower relapse rate compared to valproic acid therapy. Lithium was more neuroprotectively effective than quetiapine. Fourteen of the 22 add-on therapies to lithium showed a predominantly positive effect on the treatment outcome compared to lithium-monotherapy. Only the add-on therapy with sertraline led to a higher rate of study discontinuations than lithium-monotherapy. Lithium is a safe and effective treatment option for children. However, risperidone and quetiapine were superior to lithium in some aspects, which is why these drugs should be considered as an alternative treatment option for children. Collectively, current clinical studies highlight the relevance of lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Effect of temperature and body size on anterior and posterior regeneration in Hermodice carunculata (Polychaeta, Amphinomidae)
Authors: Toso Andrea , Mammone Marta , Rossi Sergio , Piraino Stefano , Giangrande Adriana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, population outbreaks of the annelid Hermodice carunculata (Polychaeta, Amphinomidae) are recurrently detected along the coastal zone of the Salento peninsula (Southern Italy), with impacts on marine benthic ecosystems. Annelida are renowned for their remarkable regeneration potential, enabling them to reform lost body parts. A handful of studies have reported posterior regeneration of H. carunculata, but anterior regeneration has not been fully explored. In this study, we investigated the capacity of H. carunculata collected in shallow coastal areas (Ionian Sea, 40°08’26.9” N 17°58’44.1” E) to regenerate anterior body parts under different temperature conditions (22 and 14 °C) and considering two different body sizes (∼ 4 g and 25 g). In addition, histological analysis and lipid analyses were carried out to detect changes in the reproductive cycle and lipid storage during ongoing regeneration. The results suggest that small and large-sized specimens of H. carunculata can regenerate efficiently anterior body parts in 12–20 weeks post amputation when kept at 22 °C. Small-sized worms kept at 14 °C regenerated slower but died in 24 weeks post amputation before regenerating a mouth, while large-sized worms kept at 14 °C were affected by a 100% mortality during blastema formation. In addition, lipid extraction analyses show that H. carunculata can regenerate during extended periods of starvation by de novo synthesizing lipid reserves and regeneration in H. carunculata does not negatively impact the reproductive cycle, as gametogenesis occurs also during the regenerative processes.
Microbial community and functions involved in smokeless tobacco product: a metagenomic approach
Authors: Sajid Mohammad , Sharma Upma , Srivastava Sonal , Yadav Ravi Kumar , Bharadwaj Mausumi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Smokeless tobacco products (STPs) are attributed to oral cancer and oral pathologies in their users. STP-associated cancer induction is driven by carcinogenic compounds including tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). The TSNAs synthesis could enhanced due to the metabolic activity (nitrate metabolism) of the microbial populations residing in STPs, but identifying microbial functions linked to the TSNAs synthesis remains unexplored. Here, we rendered the first report of shotgun metagenomic sequencing to comprehensively determine the genes of all microorganisms residing in the Indian STPs belonging to two commercial (Moist-snuff and Qiwam) and three loose (Mainpuri Kapoori, Dohra, and Gudakhu) STPs, specifically consumed in India. Further, the level of nicotine, TSNAs, mycotoxins, and toxic metals were determined to relate their presence with microbial activity. The microbial population majorly belongs to bacteria with three dominant phyla including Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes. Furthermore, the STP-linked microbiome displayed several functional genes associated with nitrogen metabolism and antibiotic resistance. The chemical analysis revealed that the Mainpuri Kapoori product contained a high concentration of ochratoxins-A whereas TSNAs and Zink (Zn) quantities were high in the Moist-snuff, Mainpuri Kapoori, and Gudakhu products. Hence, our observations will help in attributing the functional potential of STP-associated microbiome and in the implementation of cessation strategies against STPs.

Key points
•Smokeless tobacco contains microbes that can assist TSNA synthesis.
•Antibiotic resistance genes present in smokeless tobacco-associated bacteria.
•Pathogens in STPs can cause infections in smokeless tobacco users.
Novel quinolone-grafted chitosan derivatives with potential therapeutic properties: synthesis, characterization, in silico investigations, cholinesterase inhibitory potential, and antioxidant activity
Authors: Mermer A. , Şirin Y. , Boulebd Houssem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCholinesterase inhibitors are employed for treating different neuromuscular disorders that arise due to decreased levels of ACh in the cortical and hippocampal, such as Alzheimer’s disease. There is a need to synthesize novel drug candidates to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects due to toxicity and emerging drug resistance. Chitosan was grafted with quinolone derivatives using EDC and NHS as coupling agents. The newly synthesized quinolone-grafted chitosan derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis, UV–Vis, FTIR, SEM and TGA. The determination of substitution degree was carried out through elemental analysis, utilizing C/N ratios. The in vitro acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities and antioxidant capacity of the compounds were investigated. Additionally, in silico investigations, including quantum chemistry calculations and docking studies, were conducted to gain insights into the molecular geometry, electronic properties, and interaction modes of the quinolone units. As a result, the synthesized derivatives CsMOC and CsMON exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect on AChE when compared to Donepezil with IC50 values of 0.22 ± 0.04 and 0.88 ± 0.05 µM, respectively. In contrast, CsMON displayed noteworthy activity against BChE with an IC50 values of 1.39 ± 0.22 µM. Furthermore, both derivatives showed potent antioxidant capacity.