bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Carbon Monoxide Exposure: Accidental Association or Fatal Link?
Authors: De‐Giorgio Fabio , Grassi Vincenzo M. , Miscusi Massimo , Mancuso Cesare , d'Aloja Ernesto , Pascali Vincenzo L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis case study reports a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with concomitant accidental carbon monoxide (CO) exposure in 32‐year‐old man. Autopsy results indicated an antemortem aspiration of smoke, and a massive SAH was identified as the cause of death. Intriguingly, the carboxyhemoglobin level was 30%, suggesting that CO could have played a specific role. Intracranial hemorrhages following CO exposure in brain areas and tissues such as the basal ganglia, globus pallidus, or white matter are rare, but well characterized, whereas SAH related to CO exposure has not been previously described. In this case report, the possible role of CO, either as a primary cause or as a facilitating factor, in the pathogenesis of SAH is discussed. In particular, we propose the hypothesis that the excessive vasodilating effects produced by CO on the cerebral endothelium results in consequential loss of microvascular integrity.
Impact of Pubertal Stage at First Drink on Adult Drinking Behavior
Authors: Blomeyer Dorothea , Friemel Chris M. , Buchmann Arlette F. , Banaschewski Tobias , Laucht Manfred , Schneider Miriam 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundEarly alcohol use is one of the strongest predictors of later alcohol use disorders, with early use usually taking place during puberty. Many researchers have suggested drinking during puberty as a potential biological basis of the age at first drink (AFD) effect. However, the influence of the pubertal phase at alcohol use initiation on subsequent drinking in later life has not been examined so far.MethodsPubertal stage at first drink (PSFD) was determined in N = 283 young adults (131 males, 152 females) from an epidemiological cohort study. At ages 19, 22, and 23 years, drinking behavior (number of drinking days, amount of alcohol consumed, hazardous drinking) was assessed using interview and questionnaire methods. Additionally, an animal study examined the effects of pubertal or adult ethanol (EtOH) exposure on voluntary EtOH consumption in later life in 20 male Wistar rats.ResultsPSFD predicted drinking behavior in humans in early adulthood, indicating that individuals who had their first drink during puberty displayed elevated drinking levels compared to those with postpubertal drinking onset. These findings were corroborated by the animal study, in which rats that received free access to alcohol during the pubertal period were found to consume more alcohol as adults, compared to the control animals that first came into contact with alcohol during adulthood.ConclusionsThe results point to a significant role of stage of pubertal development at first contact with alcohol for the development of later drinking habits. Possible biological mechanisms and implications for prevention are discussed.
Sex Differences in College Student Adherence to NIAAA Drinking Guidelines
Authors: Hoeppner Bettina B. , Paskausky Anna L. , Jackson Kristina M. , Barnett Nancy P. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundExceeding nationally recommended drinking limits puts individuals at increased risk of experiencing harmful effects due to alcohol consumption. Both weekly and daily limits exist to prevent harm due to toxicity and intoxication, respectively. It remains unclear how well college students adhere to recommended limits, and whether their drinking is sensitive to the wider sex difference in weekly versus daily drinking limits.MethodsThis study used a daily‐level, academic‐year‐long, multisite sample to describe adherence to NIAAA daily (no more than 4 drinks per day for men, 3 drinks per day for women) and weekly (no more than 14 drinks per week for men, 7 drinks per week for women) drinking guidelines, and to test for sex differences and time effects. College students (n = 992; 58% female) reported daily drinking on a biweekly basis using web‐based surveys throughout their first year of college.ResultsWomen exceeded weekly limits more frequently (15% of weeks [14 to 17%]) than men (12% [10 to 14%]). Women and men exceeded daily drinking limits similarly often (25 and 27%, respectively). In a generalized estimating equations analysis across all 18 biweekly assessments, adjusted for covariates and a linear trend over time, women were more likely to exceed weekly guidelines compared to men. Sex differences in exceeding daily limits were not significant. Over time, rates of exceeding limits declined for daily limits but only for men for weekly limits.ConclusionsFemale college students are more likely to exceed weekly alcohol intake limits than men. Furthermore, trends over time suggest that college students may be maturing out of heavy episodic drinking, but women may not mature out of harmful levels of weekly drinking. The observed disparity in risk for long‐term health consequences may represent a missed opportunity for education and intervention.
Acute and chronic nicotine effects on behaviour and brain activation during intertemporal decision making
Authors: Kobiella Andrea , Ripke Stephan , Kroemer Nils B. , Vollmert Christian , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Ulshöfer Dorothea E. , Smolka Michael N. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated higher discount rates for delayed rewards in smokers than non‐smokers. We performed this study to determine whether those differences in intertemporal choice are due to pharmacological effects of nicotine and to track related brain regions. Thirty‐three non‐smokers and 27 nicotine‐dependent smokers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an intertemporal choice task consisting of 40 sets of monetary reward options that varied by delay to delivery. Smokers were investigated in a state of nicotine satiation. Non‐smokers were investigated twice, receiving nicotine (2 mg) and placebo gums in a double‐blinded, randomized cross‐over design. Smokers displayed steeper temporal discounting than non‐smokers. Those behavioural differences were reflected in the brain response during the decision between two alternative money/time pairs: smokers showed less activation in parietal and occipital areas (e.g. precuneus) than non‐smokers under placebo. A single dose of nicotine in non‐smokers led to a similar effect on brain activation but did not impact behaviour. Processing of the reward magnitude of money/time pairs differed between smokers and non‐smokers: smokers showed decreased reactivity of the ventral striatum. Moreover, there was an acute nicotine effect in non‐smokers on processing of the reward magnitude: nicotine increased the correlation of blood oxygen level‐dependent response and mean amount in the left hippocampus, amygdala and anterior insula. We conclude that cross‐sectional differences between smokers and non‐smokers are only, in part, due to the acute pharmacological effects of nicotine. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate pre‐drug group characteristics as well as consequences of smoking on discounting behaviour and its neural correlates.
Consumer choice and the acceptance of production practice: introduction and overview
Authors: Roosen Jutta 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe acceptance of agricultural and food production practice by consumers is crucial for the success of innovation and marketing. This is an introduction to a collection of papers that were presented at the 28th Congress of the IAAE. The papers apply different choice modeling methods in this context in order to study the choice of food products offering credence aspects regarding functionality (health), tracability (safety), and denomination of origin and production practice (tradition) in various countries.
Anthropological Theory and Government Policy in Australia's Northern Territory: The Hegemony of the “Mainstream”
Authors: Morphy Frances , Morphy Howard 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, we set up a dialogue between two theoretical frameworks for understanding the developing relationships between indigenous Australians and the encapsulating Australian society. We argue that the concept of “the intercultural” de‐emphasizes the agency of Aboriginal people and the durability of their social relations and value orientations. We develop the concept of relative autonomy in apposition. Our primary focus is on the Yolngu people of eastern Arnhem Land and on the impact that recent Australian government policy—in particular the Northern Territory “Intervention”—has had on the relatively autonomous trajectory of their society. The view from relative autonomy enables an understanding of the history of Yolngu interaction with outsiders and Yolngu responses to government policy. We argue that unless relative autonomy is understood and taken into account, governments will fail to develop policies that engage Yolngu in the process of regional development.
Corruption and Adherence to Rules in the Construction Sector: Reading the “Bidding Books”
Authors: Tidey Sylvia 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, I explore how anticorruption strategies affected a tender held in 2008 at the Department of Public Works in Kupang, eastern Indonesia, in ways both unexpected and unintended. I show how anticorruption programs get refracted at the local level and become unanchored from their original intention, leading to an obsession with adherence to the form of the anticorruption discourse that runs counter to its spirit and actually undermines the anticorruption initiative by providing new opportunities for corruption. Here I contribute to recent anthropological attention to both corruption and documents by looking at how traces of corrupt procedures can be found in the very documents designed to counter them. I argue that documents form a significant ethnographic point of departure from which to study the unintended effects of anticorruption programs, especially when they perform the ambiguous effect of both strengthening the anticorruption discourse and subverting it.
2012 Public Anthropology Year in Review: Actually, Rick, Florida Could Use a Few More Anthropologists
Authors: Gomberg‐Muñoz Ruth 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTHere I highlight anthropology that engaged socially relevant issues and pushed the boundaries of public discussions in 2012. In “Debating KONY 2012,” I examine debates surrounding the viral video and anthropologists’ role in illuminating the complexities of globalized conflicts, neocolonialist ideologies, and relationships among people of the world. In “Anthropologists Are the 99%!” I consider the role of anthropologists in the Occupy Movement, both as protest participants and as mediators who have shaped the movement's impression on the public. With “UndocuAnthropology,” I highlight how anthropologists have built bridges between immigrant and native‐born communities, influenced immigration policy, and advocated for immigrant rights in the public sector. I conclude with “Already Gone Native,” where I consider the relationship between academia and the wider world in the current period. Together, this essay illuminates how anthropology made key contributions to some of the most widely discussed social issues in the United States of 2012.
Clinical embryology teaching: is it relevant anymore?
Authors: Scott Karen M. , Charles Antony Robert , Holland Andrew J. A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundEmbryology finds itself jostling for precious space in the crowded medical curriculum, yet remains important for helping students understand birth defects. It has been suggested that teaching embryology through clinical scenarios can increase its relevance and interest. The aim of this research was to determine the attitudes of final‐year medical students to learning embryology and whether clinical scenarios aid understanding.MethodsFinal‐year medical students undertaking their paediatric rotation in 2009 and 2010 were invited to attend an optional lecture on clinical embryology and participate in the research. In the lecture, three clinical scenarios were presented, in which the lecturer traced the normal development of a foetus and the abnormal development that resulted in a birth defect. Outcomes were assessed quantitatively using a paper‐based survey.ResultsThe vast majority of students who valued embryology teaching in their medical programme thought it would assist them with clinical management, and believed learning through case scenarios helped their understanding. Students were divided in their beliefs about when embryology should be taught in the medical programme and whether it would increase their workload.ConclusionEmbryology teaching appears to be a valuable part of the medical curriculum. Embryology teaching was valued when taught in the clinical environment in later years of the medical programme. Students, clinicians and medical educators should be proactive in finding clinical learning opportunities for embryology teaching.
Testing for the Presence of a Cure Fraction in Clustered Interval‐Censored Survival Data
Authors: Ma Xiangmei , Xiang Liming 
Published: May 2013

SummaryClustered interval‐censored survival data are often encountered in clinical and epidemiological studies due to geographic exposures and periodic visits of patients. When a nonnegligible cured proportion exists in the population, several authors in recent years have proposed to use mixture cure models incorporating random effects or frailties to analyze such complex data. However, the implementation of the mixture cure modeling approaches may be cumbersome. Interest then lies in determining whether or not it is necessary to adjust the cured proportion prior to the mixture cure analysis. This paper mainly focuses on the development of a score for testing the presence of cured subjects in clustered and interval‐censored survival data. Through simulation, we evaluate the sampling distribution and power behaviour of the score test. A bootstrap approach is further developed, leading to more accurate significance levels and greater power in small sample situations. We illustrate applications of the test using data sets from a smoking cessation study and a retrospective study of early breast cancer patients.
Identifying the trait syndromes of conservation indicator species: how distinct are British ancient woodland indicator plants from other woodland species?
Authors: Kimberley Adam , Blackburn George A. , Whyatt James D. , Kirby Keith , Smart Simon M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractQuestionAncient woodland indicator species (AWIs) are plant species which are thought to be restricted to areas of long‐continuity woodland habitat. In many cases, however, these species have been identified on the basis of personal, to some extent, subjective experience. Do the species proposed as AWIs according to these lists have traits in common, and how distinct is their trait profile from that of other woodland plant species?LocationUnited Kingdom.MethodsWe applied classification tree analysis to a plant trait database to assess the extent to which proposed AWI species can be clearly separated from other woodland plants based upon their traits. We contrasted AWI species with an objectively defined list of plants that are not considered to be AWIs but that have been commonly recorded in woodlands. We also investigate the effects of phylogeny and region specificity on species' proposed AWI status.ResultsThe results provide support for the distinctiveness of plant species thought to be associated with ancient woodland; they were found to be almost exclusively short, perennial species, usually with a high seed weight. Results also indicate that rarer AWIs have a more distinguishable trait profile than more common species. No link was found between phylogeny and AWI status.ConclusionsAWI species do have a distinguishable trait profile, despite their often partially subjective selection. The results of the classification tree analysis suggest that traits reflecting poor dispersal ability may be partly responsible for confining these species to ancient woodlands. This confirms other studies that emphasize their low ability to colonize secondary woodland sites and hence vulnerability to habitat conversion.
Resisting chocolate temptation using a brief mindfulness strategy
Authors: Jenkins Kim T. , Tapper Katy 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesWe examined the effects of two mindfulness‐based strategies on chocolate consumption amongst individuals who were trying to reduce the amount of chocolate they consumed.MethodsParticipants (n = 137) were allocated to one of three conditions and employed either cognitive defusion, acceptance, or relaxation (control) techniques to help them resist chocolate over 5 days. During this period, they carried a bag of chocolates with them and recorded any chocolate or chocolate‐related products they consumed. They also completed a questionnaire measure of the extent to which chocolate consumption was automatic, both before and after the 5‐day period.ResultsResults showed that compared to controls, those in the cognitive defusion group ate significantly less chocolate from the bag (p = .046) and less chocolate according to the diary measure (p = .053). There was evidence that these changes were brought about by reductions in the extent to which chocolate consumption was automatic. There were no differences in chocolate consumption between the acceptance and control groups.ConclusionsOur results point to a promising brief intervention strategy and highlight the importance of disentangling the effects of different mindfulness‐based techniques.Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Multicomponent mindfulness interventions have been successfully applied to a range of health behaviours.

Low levels of self‐control are associated with weight gain and a higher BMI.

What does this study add?

The results show that a brief mindfulness strategy (defusion) helps individuals resist chocolate over 5 days.

The results suggest this may be brought about by reductions in the extent to which eating chocolate is automatic.

A second brief mindfulness strategy (acceptance) failed to help individuals resist chocolate.
Goal pursuit, goal adjustment, and affective well‐being following lower limb amputation
Authors: Coffey Laura , Gallagher Pamela , Desmond Deirdre , Ryall Nicola 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesThis study examined the relationships between tenacious goal pursuit (TGP), flexible goal adjustment (FGA), and affective well‐being in a sample of individuals with lower limb amputations.DesignCross‐sectional, quantitative.MethodsNinety‐eight patients recently admitted to a primary prosthetic rehabilitation programme completed measures ofTGP,FGA, positive affect, and negative affect.ResultsHierarchical regression analyses revealed thatTGPandFGAaccounted for a significant proportion of the variance in both positive and negative affect, controlling for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.TGPwas significantly positively associated with positive affect, whileFGAwas significantly negatively associated with negative affect. Moderated regression analyses indicated that the beneficial effect ofFGAon negative affect was strongest at high levels of amputation‐related pain intensity and low levels ofTGP.DiscussionTGPandFGAappear to influence subjective well‐being in different ways, withTGPpromoting the experience of positive affect andFGAbuffering against negative affect.TGPandFGAmay prove useful in identifying individuals at risk of poor affective outcomes following lower limb amputation and represent important targets for intervention in this patient group.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?The loss of a limb has a significant impact on several important life domains. Although some individuals experience emotional distress following amputation, the majority adjust well to their limb loss, with some achieving positive change or growth as a result of their experiences.Theories of self‐regulation propose that disruptions in goal attainment have negative affective consequences. The physical, social, and psychological upheaval caused by limb loss is likely to threaten the attainment of valued goals, which may leave individuals vulnerable to negative psychosocial outcomes if they do not regulate their goals in response to these challenges.According to the dual‐process model of adaptive self‐regulation, individuals manage discrepancies between perceived and desired goal attainment by either modifying their life situation or behaviour to fit their goals (tenacious goal pursuit [TGP]) or adjusting their goals to situational constraints (flexible goal adjustment [FGA]). Examining psychosocial adjustment to amputation from this perspective may offer some insight into the diversity of affective outcomes observed.What does this study add?Contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adjustment to acquired disability.Offers a theory‐based explanation for the diversity of psychosocial outcomes observed post‐amputation.Identifies important targets for interventions to enhance adjustment in this population.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of 99mTc(CO)3‐Labeled Peptides for Potential Use as Tumor Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Baishya Rinku , Nayak Dipak K. , Chatterjee Nabanita , Halder Kamal K. , Karmakar Sanmoy , Debnath Mita C. 
Published: May 2013

During the past decade, several peptides containing Arg‐Gly‐Asp sequence have been conjugated with different chelating agents for labeling with various radionuclides for the diagnosis of tumor development. In this study, we report the synthesis of two tetrapeptides (Asp‐Gly‐Arg‐His and Asp‐Gly‐Arg‐Cys) and one hexapeptide [Asp‐Gly‐Arg‐D‐Tyr‐Lys‐His] by changing the amino acid sequence of the Arg‐Gly‐Asp motif. Peptide synthesis was initiated from aspartic acid. Aspartic acid placed at C‐terminal end of the peptide chain can be conjugated with different drug molecules facilitating their transport to the site of action. The peptides were synthesized in excellent yield and labeled using freshly prepared [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ intermediate. A complexation yield of over 97% was achieved under mild conditions even at low ligand concentrations of 10−2 m. Radiolabeled peptides were characterized by HPLC and were found to be substantially stable in saline, in His solution as well as in rat serum and tissue (kidney, liver) homogenates. Internalization studies using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell line showed rapid and significant internalization (30–35% at 30 min of incubation attaining maximum value of about 40–60% after 2–4 h incubation). A good percentage of quick internalization was also observed in αvβ3‐receptor‐positive B16F10 mouse melanoma cell line (14–16% after 30 min of incubation and 25–30% after 2–4 h incubation). Imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in Swiss albino mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor in right thigh. Radiolabeled peptides exhibited fast blood clearance and rapid elimination through the urinary systems. 99mTc(CO)3‐tetra‐Pep2 exhibited remarkable localization at tumor site (1.15%, 1.17%, and 1.37% ID/g at 2, 4, and 6 h p.i., respectively) which could be due to slow clearance of the radiolabeled peptide from blood in comparison with the other two radiolabeled peptides. However, 99mTc(CO)3‐hexa‐Pep exhibited the highest tumor to muscle and tumor to blood ratios among the three. The preliminary results with these amino acid–based peptides are encouraging enough to carry out further experiments for targeting tumor.