bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melanocytes—A novel tool to study mitochondrial dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Pellegrini Camilla , Zulian Alessandra , Gualandi Francesca , Manzati Elisa , Merlini Luciano , Michelini Maria E. , Benassi Luisa , Marmiroli Sandra , Ferlini Alessandra , Sabatelli Patrizia , Bernardi Paolo , Maraldi Nadir M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDystrophin is a subsarcolemmal protein that, by linking the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix via dystroglycans, is critical for the integrity of muscle fibers. Here, we report that epidermal melanocytes, obtained from conventional skin biopsy, express dystrophin with a restricted localization to the plasma membrane facing the dermal–epidermal junction. In addition the full‐length muscle isoform mDp427 was clearly detectable in melanocyte cultures as assessed by immunohistochemistry, RNA, and Western blot analysis. Melanocytes of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients did not express dystrophin, and the ultrastructural analysis revealed typical mitochondrial alterations similar to those occurring in myoblasts from the same patients. Mitochondria of melanocytes from DMD patients readily accumulated tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester, indicating that they are energized irrespective of the presence of dystrophin but, at variance from mitochondria of control donors, depolarized upon the addition of oligomycin, suggesting that they are affected by a latent dysfunction unmasked by inhibition of the ATP synthase. Pure melanocyte cultures can be readily obtained by conventional skin biopsies and may be a feasible and reliable tool alternative to muscle biopsy for functional studies in dystrophinopathies. The mitochondrial dysfunction occurring in DMD melanocytes could represent a promising cellular biomarker for monitoring dystrophinopathies also in response to pharmacological treatments. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1323–1331, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BRAZILIAN LAND TENURE CONFLICTS: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Barros Carlos Pestana , Faria João Ricardo , de Araujo Ari Francisco 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper analyses land occupation involving landless peasants in Brazil for the period 2000–2008. It is the first study to be undertaken at the national level, with a contemporary data span, using spatial analysis. Land occupation in Brazil is a state‐based phenomenon and mainly a political issue. Our results show that land occupation grows with left‐wing political violence and left‐wing government's support through public agencies. The view that land invasion is caused by poverty does not apply to the Brazilian case. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatitis E seroprevalence in recipients of renal transplants or haemodialysis in southwest England: A case–control study
Authors: Harrison Alex , Scobie Linda , Crossan Claire , Parry Rob , Johnston Paul , Stratton Jon , Dickinson Steve , Ellis Vic , Hunter Jeremy G. , Prescott Oliver R. , Madden Richie , Lin Nan X. , Henley William E. , Bendall Richard P. , Dalton Harry R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLocally acquired HEV infection is increasingly recognized in developed countries. Anti‐HEV IgG seroprevalence has been shown to be high in haemodialysis patients in a number of previous studies, employing assays of uncertain sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate anti‐HEV IgG seroprevalence in recipients of haemodialysis and renal transplants compared to a control group using a validated, highly sensitive assay. Eighty‐eight patients with functioning renal transplants and 76 receiving chronic haemodialysis were tested for HEV RNA and anti‐HEV IgG and IgM. Six hundred seventy controls were tested for anti‐HEV IgG. Anti‐HEV IgG was positive in 28/76 (36.8%) of haemodialysis and 16/88 (18.2%) of transplant patients. HEV RNA was not found in any patient. 126/670 (18.8%) of control subjects were anti‐HEV IgG positive. After adjusting for age and sex, there was a significantly higher anti‐HEV IgG seroprevalence amongst haemodialysis patients compared to controls (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.16–3.31, P = 0.01) or transplant recipients (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.18–6.07, P = 0.02). Patients with a functioning transplant showed no difference in anti‐HEV IgG seroprevalence compared to controls. The duration of haemodialysis or receipt of blood products were not significant risk factors for HEV IgG positivity. Patients receiving haemodialysis have a higher seroprevalence of anti‐HEV IgG than both age‐ and sex‐matched controls and a cohort of renal transplant patients. None of the haemodialysis patients had evidence of chronic infection. The reason haemodialysis patients have a high seroprevalence remains uncertain and merits further study. J. Med. Virol. 85:266–271, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of fungicide pyrimethanil in grapes, must, fermenting must and wine
Authors: Vaquero‐Fernández Luis , Sanz‐Asensio Jesús , Fernández‐Zurbano Purificación , López‐Alonso Miguel , Martínez‐Soria María‐Teresa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study determined the evolution of pyrimethanil, a fungicide commonly used to control Botrytis cinerea, throughout the winemaking process in grapes, must, fermenting must and wine. Tempranillo grapevines were treated with pyrimethanil according to both good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Critical Agricultural Practices (CAP). Fermentation was carried out in an experimental winery. Grape analysis was based on an ethyl acetate extraction method. Samples from fermentation were analysed by solid phase extraction. The determination was carried out by gas chromatography with nitrogen–phosphorus detection (GC‐NPD) and additionally confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).RESULTSPyrimethanil residues were at least ten times greater in grapes treated 7 days before harvest than in those treated respecting the safety period (21 days). The amount of pyrimethanil in grapes treated under GAP was below the maximum residue limit (5 mg kg−1). The level of pyrimethanil decreased during fermentation in both treatments. In the fermentation of grapes treated according to CAP, the pyrimethanil concentration was reduced by over 50% on the first day and then remained constant until the end of the fermentation process. For grapes treated in compliance with GAP, the amount of pyrimethanil decreased to a level below the limit of detection in the bottled wine.CONCLUSIONThe described methods for grapes, must, fermenting must and wine gave good recoveries, linearity, precision and accuracy. They were also highly sensitive in avoiding matrix effects. Pyrimethanil residues found in treated grapes were higher in skin than in pulp. The amount of pyrimethanil decreased during fermentation by degradation and/or adsorption. For grapes treated according to GAP, residues disappeared in the final bottled wine. The decrease observed in the final bottled wine may be caused by diverse oenological practices and technologies such us malolactic fermentation, racking and settling. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Nasal manifestations of immunoglobulin G4‐related disease
Authors: Suzuki Masanobu , Nakamaru Yuji , Akazawa Shigeru , Mizumachi Takatsugu , Maeda Masanori , Takagi Dai , Hatanaka Kanako C. , Fukuda Satoshi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4‐related disease is a systemic syndrome, characterized by sclerosing lesions that mainly affect the exocrine tissue. Although some patients with IgG4‐related disease complain of nasal symptoms, there are few reports concerning the nasal manifestations of this disease. We investigated the clinical and pathological features of the nasal manifestations of IgG4‐related disease.Study Design:Retrospective review in a tertiary referral hospital.Methods:Twenty‐three consecutive patients with IgG4‐related disease, six allergic rhinitis (AR) patients, and eight healthy subjects (HS) were evaluated. Nasal symptoms, local findings of the nasal cavity, and laboratory data were examined. Mucosal tissues from the inferior turbinate were obtained from all subjects before treatment. The level of IgG4‐positive plasma cells and other infiltrating cells, and the number of nasal glands in the nasal subjects were compared among the three groups.Results:Ten (43.4%) of 23 cases had some nasal symptoms, such as nasal obstruction and nasal crusting. Thirteen cases (56.5%) had numerous IgG4‐positive plasma cell infiltration in the nasal mucosa. IgG4‐positive plasma cells, CD3, and CD4 were significantly higher in the IgG4‐related disease group than in the HS and AR groups, whereas the number of nasal glands in the IgG4‐related disease group was significantly lower than in the HS and AR groups.Conclusions:The inflammatory lesions associated with IgG4‐related disease exist on the nasal membrane. Thus, the nasal manifestations of IgG4‐related disease were thought to be different from AR.
Reactivity of the Dicationic Ruthenium–Alkylidene Complex [Ru(DMF)3(IMesH2)(=CH—2—(2—PrO)—C6H4)],2+(BF4−)2] in Ring‐Opening Metathesis and Cyclopolymerization
Authors: Autenrieth Benjamin , Anderson Emily Baird , Wang Dongren , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe reactivity of the dicationic Ru–alkylidene complex [Ru(DMF)3(IMesH2)(—CH—2—(2—PrO)—C6H4)]2+(BF4−)2] (1, IMesH2 = 1,3‐dimesitylimidazolin‐2‐ylidene) in the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of various functional norborn‐2‐enes as well as in the cyclopolymerization of different 1,6‐heptadiynes is reported. Due to its dicationic character, complex 1 is highly electrophilic and possesses high reactivity towards alkenes and 1,6‐heptadiynes. Generally, a pronounced difference in reactivity between monomers bearing coordinating groups and those that lack such moieties is observed. In the presence of ionic monomers containing coordinating anions such as Br− and I−, a rapid change in the nature of the propagating alkylidene from a dicationic to a neutral one is observed.
Thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione‐Based Polymers for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Pron Agnieszka , Berrouard Philippe , Leclerc Mario 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOver the last decade, great progress has been made in the field of organic electronics. Advancements in organic syntheses as well as in device engineering enabled preparation of polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 8%–9%. In search for new polymers suitable for photovoltaic applications, push–pull polymers containing thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (TPD) motif as an electron deficient (pull) unit emerged as very promising candidates. This Trend Article summarizes research on TPD‐based polymers with a special emphasis on the structure–property relationships.
Three‐Dimensional Flexible Electronics Enabled by Shape Memory Polymer Substrates for Responsive Neural Interfaces
Authors: Ware Taylor , Simon Dustin , Hearon Keith , Liu Clive , Shah Sagar , Reeder Jonathan , Khodaparast Navid , Kilgard Michael P. , Maitland Duncan J. , Rennaker Robert L. , Voit Walter E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPlanar electronics processing methods have enabled neural interfaces to become more precise and deliver more information. However, this processing paradigm is inherently 2D and rigid. The resulting mechanical and geometrical mismatch at the biotic–abiotic interface can elicit an immune response that prevents effective stimulation. In this work, a thiol–ene/acrylate shape memory polymer is utilized to create 3D softening substrates for stimulation electrodes. This substrate system is shown to soften in vivo from more than 600 to 6 MPa. A nerve cuff electrode that coils around the vagus nerve in a rat and that drives neural activity is demonstrated. magnified image
A miniaturized UWB stepped‐slot antenna for medical diagnostic imaging
Authors: Li Xuyang , Sit Yoke Leen , Zwirello Lukasz , Zwick Thomas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA novel compact planar UWB stepped‐slot antenna optimized for medical diagnostics is presented in this article. This antenna can be placed directly on the skin to allow more energy to be radiated into the human body for obtaining a stronger signal for processing. The design of the antenna is based on the differential feed for two symmetrical‐elliptically shaped monopoles, where the radiation direction of the main beam is found to be very stable over a broad frequency range due to the phase center being in the middle of the antenna, as shown in the results. The stepped‐slot design enables a further miniaturization of the size and enhancement in the bandwidth. Characterization of the antenna is done from 1 to 9 GHz on a phantom emulating the human body, where the antenna gain and near E‐field are investigated. The performance of the antenna is then verified using a near‐field measurement setup. With features such as a very small size, low operational frequency, stable phase center over the whole operated frequency range and high front‐to‐back ratio, this design shows a high potential for applications for the detection of breast cancer, stroke in human brain and other relevant medical diagnostics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:105–109, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27222
Waveguide band‐stop filter design using optimized pixelated inserts
Authors: Ouedraogo Raoul O. , Rothwell Edward J. , Diaz Alejandro R. , Fuchi Kazuko , Tang Junyan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA technique is introduced for designing band‐stop waveguide filters by optimizing a grid of metallic pixels on a dielectric sheet placed longitudinal to the waveguide axis. By using topology optimization and a genetic algorithm, compact broadband waveguide filters may be produced that are easy to fabricate at low cost. Measured and simulated performance show strong rejection in the stopband with a rapid roll off at the band edges and low insertion loss outside the stopband. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:141–143, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27246
Demonstration of microfiber hybrid Mach–Zehnder and knot resonator structure
Authors: Sulaiman A. , Harun S. W. , Ahmad F. , Muhammad M.Z. , Jasim A. A. , Ahmad H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe demonstrate a microfiber hybrid structure consisting of a microfiber knot resonator (MKR) and a microfiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MMZI) by micro‐manipulating a microfiber. The microfiber used has a waist diameter of 1 μm and is fabricated using a flame brush technique. The hybrid structure generates dual resonances spectrum, which combines a characteristic resonant of MKR and MMZI. The MMZI resonant exhibits a much higher free spectral range (FSR) of 3.1 nm with the extinction ratio of 3 dB. The MKR resonant has a FSR of 0.24 nm and extinction ratio of 5 dB. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:100–102, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27250
A design of octagon‐shaped 3‐dB ultra wideband coupler using multilayer technology
Authors: Zaidel D. N. A. , Rahim S. K. A. , Seman N. , Chew C. L. , Khamis N. H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA design of a 3‐dB ultra wideband (UWB) coupler with compact size (35 mm × 15 mm), which operates between 3.1 and 10.6 GHz is presented in this article. The proposed design is accomplished by using multilayer microstrip structure, which is formed by three layers of conductor and two layers of substrate. The top and bottom layers consist of an octagon‐shaped microstrip lines and an octagon‐shaped slot in the middle layer. The design was fabricated on Rogers RO4003c substrate. Both of the simulation and measurement results are being compared with verify the coupler's performances in real environment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:127–130, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27259
A 4.5 mW 3–5 GHz low‐noise amplifier in 0.25‐μm silicon‐on‐insulator CMOS process for power‐constraint application
Authors: Iji A. , Zhu X. , Heimlich M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA 1.5 V 4.5 mW 3–5 GHz low‐noise amplifier (LNA) suitable for power‐constraint application is implemented in a 0.25‐μm silicon‐on‐insulator CMOS process.The designed LNA with good input and output impedance matching exhibits gain of 10.3 dB and 2–2.9 dB noise figure within the 3–5 GHz band. Moreover, the −3 dB bandwidth of the presented LNA is insensitive to process corner variations. A third‐order input intercept point of −5 dBm is also achieved for the LNA at 3.6 GHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:89–93, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27262
Evidence from regression‐discontinuity analyses for beneficial effects of a criterion‐based increase in alcohol treatment
Authors: Flam‐Zalcman Rosely , Mann Robert E. , Stoduto Gina , Nochajski Thomas H. , Rush Brian R. , Koski‐Jännes Anja , Wickens Christine M. , Thomas Rita K. , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBrief interventions effectively reduce alcohol problems; however, it is controversial whether longer interventions result in greater improvement. This study aims to determine whether an increase in treatment for people with more severe problems resulted in better outcome. We employed regression‐discontinuity analyses to determine if drinking driver clients (n = 22,277) in Ontario benefited when they were assigned to a longer treatment program (8‐hour versus 16‐hour) based on assessed addiction severity criteria. Assignment to the longer16‐hour program was based on two addiction severity measures derived from the Research Institute on Addictions Self‐inventory (RIASI) (meeting criteria for assignment based on either the total RIASI score or the score on the recidivism subscale). The main outcome measure was self‐reported number of days of alcohol use during the 90 days preceding the six month follow‐up interview. We found significant reductions of one or two self‐reported drinking days at the point of assignment, depending on the severity criterion used. These data suggest that more intensive treatment for alcohol problems may improve results for individuals with more severe problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of different boundary treatment methods in Monte‐Carlo simulations of diffusion NMR
Authors: Xing Haoyang , Lin Fang , Wu Qizhu , Gong Qiyong 
Published: November 2012

PurposeTo enrich and develop more convenient and effective boundary treatment method in Monte‐Carlo simulation of restricted diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance.MethodsThe conventional approach used in treating boundary behaviors of restricted diffusion is the elastic boundary reflection. Because random walk is not dynamic process, other boundary treatments such as inelastic reflection are acceptable and probably simplify the programming of diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance simulation. The present study simulated the pulse gradient spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance by employing three boundary models, i.e., the elastic boundary reflection, the non‐elastic boundary reflection, and the equal‐step‐length random leap. Their effects on precision, convergence, and calculation efficiency were investigated, as well as the effects of non‐fixed boundary reflection step‐length drawn from a Gaussian distribution in barrier‐crossing steps.ResultsThe results show no obvious difference in convergences and precisions for different methods when the relative step‐length is sufficiently small. Compared with the traditional approach, the required computation time of the latter two was reduced in some degree.ConclusionBoundary treatments based on inelastic reflection are a feasible choice in Monte‐Carlo simulation of nuclear magnetic resonance, and in comparison with the conventional approach, it not only renders programming more convenience but also possibly lead to higher calculating efficiency. Magn Reson Med, 70:1167–1172, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What Predicts and what Mediates the response of urge urinary incontinence to biofeedback?
Authors: Resnick Neil M. , Perera Subashan , Tadic Stasa , Organist Linda , Riley Mary Alyce , Schaefer Werner , Griffiths Derek 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsTo better target a behavioral approach for urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and enhance its efficacy by (1) identifying predictors of response to biofeedback‐assisted pelvic muscle training (BFB), and (2) determining factors that mediate response.MethodsBFB (four biweekly visits) was administered to 183 women > 60 years (mean = 73.6). Before and after intervention, all underwent comprehensive evaluation and videourodynamic testing. Postulated predictors and mediators from four urodynamic domains, specified a priori, were correlated with reduction in UUI frequency.ResultsMedian UUI frequency decreased from 3.2/day to 1/day (P =0.0001). UUI improved by ≥50% in 55% of subjects and by 100% in 13% of subjects. Frequent UUI predicted poor response (P < 0.01). Of the urodynamic parameters, only high amplitude and briskness of detrusor overactivity (DO) predicted decreased response (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) and these could be measured only in the 43% of subjects with elicitable DO. Decreased DO elicitability was the only urodynamic variable that changed in concert with improvement and thus was a candidate mediator. Response was neither predicted nor mediated by proprioception/warning, cystometric capacity, detrusor contractility, sphincter strength, or baseline DO elicitability.ConclusionsSevere DO predicts poor response to BFB. Good response is mediated by reduction in DO elicitability. Other than baseline UUI frequency, there are no other clinically or urodynamically important predictors or mediators of BFB response in this population. BFB may be best for patients with less severe DO. Future research to enhance its efficacy might better focus on the brain than on the lower urinary tract. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 408–415, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution of Permafrost in China: An Overview of Existing Permafrost Maps
Authors: Ran Youhua , Li Xin , Cheng Guodong , Zhang Tingjun , Wu Qingbai , Jin Huijun , Jin Rui 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTMany permafrost maps in China have been compiled since the early 1960s. The scales of these maps range from the local (1:600 000) to the regional scale (1:10 000 000). The permafrost classification systems differ among these maps. The indices for permafrost classification used in these mapping projects include spatial continuity (areal extent) and thickness of the permafrost, air and ground temperatures and ground ‐ice content. All of those data have been retrieved, digitised and published in the Environmental and Ecological Science Data Center for West China. These maps represent the best understanding at the time regarding the distribution of permafrost in China and its changes over the past century. An updated map of permafrost in China, including frozen ground area, is also provided. The total area of permafrost in China is estimated at ~ 1.59 × 106 km2 (glaciers and lakes excluded), and the area of seasonally frozen ground (excluding instantaneous frozen ground) is ~ 5.36 × 106 km2. The total area of high‐altitude (plateau and mountain) permafrost in China is ~ 1.35 × 106 km2, the area of mountain permafrost is ~ 0.30 × 106 km2 and the area of plateau permafrost is ~ 1.05 × 106 km2. The latitudinal permafrost is located in the northern part of northeastern China, and its area is ~ 0.24 × 106 km2. Additionally, some suggestions are proposed for future mapping of permafrost in China. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.