bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure
Authors: Kristensen Søren Lund , Ahlehoff Ole , Lindhardsen Jesper , Erichsen Rune , Lamberts Morten , Khalid Usman , Nielsen Ole Haagen , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Hansen Peter Riis 
Published: July 2014

Background—
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been linked to adverse cardiovascular events, but a relation to heart failure (HF) is uncertain. We investigated the IBD-associated risk of HF in a nationwide setting.

Methods and Results—
A total of 5 436 647 Danish citizens, with no history of IBD or HF, were included on January 1, 1997, and followed up until first hospitalization for HF, death, or December 31, 2011. Of these subjects, 23 681 developed IBD for which disease activity was determined continuously throughout the study. The risk of hospitalization for HF was estimated with a Poisson regression model adjusting for comorbidity and cardiovascular pharmacotherapy as time-dependent covariates. During a mean follow-up of 11.8 years in the reference population and 6.4 years in the IBD group, hospitalization for HF occurred in 553 subjects with IBD and 171 405 in the reference population. Patients with IBD had a 37% increased risk of hospitalization for HF (incidence rate ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–1.49) compared with the reference population. IBD activity-specific analyses showed markedly increased risk of HF hospitalization during flares (incidence rate ratio, 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 2.13–3.04) and persistent activity (incidence rate ratio, 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 2.25–3.33) but not in IBD remission (incidence rate ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.16).

Conclusions—
In a nationwide cohort, IBD was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for HF, and this risk was strongly correlated to periods of active disease. The mechanisms underlying this finding warrant further studies.
Pathogenetical Subtypes of Recurrent Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Yeh Shin-Joe , Tang Sung-Chun , Tsai Li-Kai , Jeng Jiann-Shing 
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—
Pathogenetic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), using systems such as SMASH-U (structural vascular lesions, medication, cerebral amyloid angiopathy [CAA], systemic disease, hypertension, or undetermined), is important in predicting functional outcomes and mortality in patients with ICH. This study aimed to compare pathogenetic subtypes between the first and recurrent ICH.

Methods—
This study obtained data related to 4578 consecutive acute patients with ICH from the National Taiwan University Hospital Stroke Registry during January 1995 to December 2013. Using the SMASH-U method, patients were classified into 6 subtypes. We then analyzed the outcomes of first-ever ICH cases and pathogenetic classification of recurrent ICH.

Results—
Among 3785 patients who experienced first-ever ICH (male, 63.3%; mean age, 58.7±17.0 years), the most common cause was hypertensive angiopathy (54.9%), followed by CAA (12.2%), systemic disease (12.1%), undetermined (10.1%), structural vascular lesions (7.8%), and medication related (2.9%). In 185 cases of recurrent ICH, pathogenetic differences between the 2 ICH events were observed in 34 (18.4%) cases, most of which were CAA to hypertensive angiopathy (n=10) or vice versa (n=7). The rates of ICH recurrence were highest for systemic disease-related and CAA-related ICH at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years after the indexed ICH event.

Conclusions—
In approximately one fifth of the recurrent patients with ICH, pathogenetic differences were observed between initial and recurrent events, particularly among those with CAA. It is possible that some patients with ICH with concomitant hypertensive angiopathy and CAA may have been categorized as CAA by the SMASH-U method.
Fibrinolysis for Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Authors: Khan Nickalus R. , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Lee Siang Liao , Jones G. Morgan , Green Cain S. , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Klimo Paul , Arthur Adam S. , Elijovich Lucas , Alexandrov Andrei V. 
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—
Intraventricular hemorrhage is associated with high mortality and poor functional outcome. The use of intraventricular fibrinolytic (IVF) therapy as an intervention in intraventricular hemorrhage is an evolving therapy with conflicting reports in the literature. The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of IVF on mortality, functional outcome, ventriculitis, shunt dependence, and rehemorrhage.

Methods—
During March and April 2014, a systematic literature search was performed identifying 1359 articles. Of these, 24 met inclusion criteria. A random effects meta-analysis was performed using both pooled and subset analysis based on study type.

Results—

Our meta-analysis demonstrated that IVF reduced mortality in intraventricular hemorrhage by nearly half (relative risk [RR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42–0.71;
P
<0.00001), increased the likelihood of good functional outcome by 66% (RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.27–2.19;
P
=0.0003), and also decreased the rate of shunt dependence (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42–0.93;
P
=0.02). IVF was not found to be associated with increased rates of ventriculitis (RR=1.46; 95% CI, 0.77–2.76;
P
=0.25) or rehemorrhage (RR=1.06; 95% CI, 0.66–1.70;
P
=0.80). We detected no evidence of publication bias.

Conclusions—
Our meta-analysis showed that IVF is safe and could be an effective strategy for the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage. It may reduce mortality, improve functional outcome, and diminish the need for permanent ventricular shunting, while not increasing the risk of ventriculitis or rehemorrhage.
P-Wave Morphology and the Risk of Incident Ischemic Stroke in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kamel Hooman , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Heckbert Susan R. , Kronmal Richard A. , Longstreth W.T. , Nazarian Saman , Okin Peter M. 
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—
Emerging data suggest that left atrial disease may cause ischemic stroke in the absence of atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF). If true, this condition may provide a cause for many strokes currently classified as cryptogenic.

Methods—

Among 6741 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who were free of clinically apparent cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease (including AF) at baseline, we examined the association between markers of left atrial abnormality on a standard 12-lead ECG—specifically P-wave area, duration, and terminal force in lead V
1
—and the subsequent risk of ischemic stroke while accounting for incident AF.

Results—

During a median follow-up of 8.5 years, 121 participants (1.8%) had a stroke and 541 participants (8.0%) were diagnosed with AF. In Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential baseline confounders, P-wave terminal force in lead V
1
was more strongly associated with incident stroke (hazard ratio per 1 SD increase, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.44) than with incident AF (hazard ratio per 1 SD, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.21). The association between P-wave terminal force in lead V
1
and stroke was robust in numerous sensitivity analyses accounting for AF, including analyses that excluded those with any incident AF or modeled any incident AF as having been present from baseline.

Conclusions—
We found an association between baseline P-wave morphology and incident stroke even after accounting for AF. This association may reflect an atrial cardiopathy that leads to stroke in the absence of AF.
Cloud Conditions Favoring Secondary Ice Particle Production in Tropical Maritime Convection
Authors: Heymsfield Andrew , Willis Paul 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Progress in understanding the formation of ice in lower-tropospheric clouds is slowed by the difficulties in characterizing the many complex interactions that lead to ice initiation and to the dynamic, non-steady-state nature of the clouds. The present study characterizes the conditions where secondary ice particles, specifically identified as needle or thin columnar types, are observed in tropical maritime convection with modest liquid water contents during the Ice in Clouds Experiment-Tropical (ICE-T), based out of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, and the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) in 2006 sampling from Cape Verde, Africa. The properties of the cloud droplet populations relevant to the secondary ice production process and the ice particle populations are characterized as a function of temperature and vertical velocity. These secondary ice particles are observed primarily in regions of low liquid water content and weak vertical velocities. Two situations are examined in detail. First, ice formation is examined by following the tops of a group of ICE-T chimney clouds as they ascend and cool from a temperature of +7° to −8°C, examining the production of the first ice. Then, using the data from a cloud system sampled during NAMMA, the authors elucidate a process that promotes ice multiplication. The intention is that this study will lead both to a better understanding of how secondary ice production proceeds in natural clouds and to more realistic laboratory studies of the processes involved.
On the Seasonal Forecasting of Regional Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: Vecchi G. A. , Delworth T. , Gudgel R. , Kapnick S. , Rosati A. , Wittenberg A. T. , Zeng F. , Anderson W. , Balaji V. , Dixon K. , Jia L. , Kim H.-S. , Krishnamurthy L. , Msadek R. , Stern W. F. , Underwood S. D. , Villarini G. , Yang X. , Zhang S. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TCs) are a hazard to life and property and a prominent element of the global climate system; therefore, understanding and predicting TC location, intensity, and frequency is of both societal and scientific significance. Methodologies exist to predict basinwide, seasonally aggregated TC activity months, seasons, and even years in advance. It is shown that a newly developed high-resolution global climate model can produce skillful forecasts of seasonal TC activity on spatial scales finer than basinwide, from months and seasons in advance of the TC season. The climate model used here is targeted at predicting regional climate and the statistics of weather extremes on seasonal to decadal time scales, and comprises high-resolution (50 km × 50 km) atmosphere and land components as well as more moderate-resolution (~100 km) sea ice and ocean components. The simulation of TC climatology and interannual variations in this climate model is substantially improved by correcting systematic ocean biases through “flux adjustment.” A suite of 12-month duration retrospective forecasts is performed over the 1981–2012 period, after initializing the climate model to observationally constrained conditions at the start of each forecast period, using both the standard and flux-adjusted versions of the model. The standard and flux-adjusted forecasts exhibit equivalent skill at predicting Northern Hemisphere TC season sea surface temperature, but the flux-adjusted model exhibits substantially improved basinwide and regional TC activity forecasts, highlighting the role of systematic biases in limiting the quality of TC forecasts. These results suggest that dynamical forecasts of seasonally aggregated regional TC activity months in advance are feasible.
Multiaxis Grip Characteristics for Varying Handle Diameters and Effort
Authors: Irwin Curt B. , Towles Joseph D. , Radwin Robert G. 
Published: July 2014

Objective: A multiaxis dynamometer was used to quantify grip force vector angles and longitudinal centers of pressure (COPs) while varying handle size and effort used. Background: Authors of many studies have examined maximum grip strength using scalar instruments; a few have measured two-axis forces limited to one or more finger contact. This novel dynamometer uses two instrumented beams that are grasped by the distal fingers and proximal palm to compute two orthogonal components of force and the longitudinal COP through which the force acts. Method: Sixteen healthy, right-handed participants grasped the multiaxis dynamometer with plastic handles ranging in diameter from 3.81 to 7.62 cm. They were required to scale their effort to 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of maximum. Results: Grip force vector angles were affected by both handle diameter and effort level, with angles increasing an average of 8.1° from the least to greatest effort. Longitudinal COP, averaged among the two beams, shifted 1.75 cm radially as handle diameter increased from 3.81 cm to 7.62 cm. Average COP along the beam in contact with the distal finger segments shifted 0.75 cm ulnarly as effort level increased from 25% to 100% of maximum. Conclusion: Grip force characteristics changed with handle diameter and effort level. Overall grip force magnitude comprised both force components measured. Application: Understanding grip characteristics should be important for handle and grip design and for evaluating hand function.
Stretch of the Minimally Invasive Incision during Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Chen Nan , Stephenson Lauren A. , Jorgensen Jeffrey B. , Zitsch Robert P. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveIdentify and quantify changes in length of the skin incision following minimally invasive thyroid and parathyroid surgery and determine whether these changes persist postoperatively.Study DesignCohort study.SettingTertiary care teaching hospital.Subjects and MethodsBetween July 2012 and June 2013, a prospective, nonrandomized study was performed on 44 consecutive patients undergoing open cervical minimally invasive thyroidectomy (incision approximately 6 cm or less) or minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (incision approximately 3 cm or less). Incision length was measured following initial incision, immediately after wound closure, and on postoperative follow‐up at 2‐week and 14‐week visits.ResultsThirty‐one patients underwent minimally invasive thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy with initial incision lengths ranging from 20 mm to 60 mm. Seven patients (21%) underwent total thyroidectomy with a mean length of 45 ± 8 mm, 15 patients (44%) underwent unilateral thyroid lobectomy with a mean length of 37 ± 5 mm, and 9 patients (26%) underwent parathyroidectomy with a mean length of 28 ± 2 mm. On average, the skin incision lengthened by 3.0 ± 0.9 mm during surgery representing an intraoperative stretch of 8.0% (P <. 0001). Incision lengths decreased by an average of 0.3 mm at 2‐week postoperative follow‐up (ns) and 6.3 mm at 14‐week postoperative follow‐up (P <. 0001).ConclusionSignificant intraoperative incision stretch is likely to occur during minimally invasive thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Postoperative follow‐up data suggest that the increase in incision length is not permanent and resolves upon postoperative follow‐up.
Intraaortic balloon pump boon for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Saha Kamales Kumar , Kaushal Ram P , Kumar Ajay , Deval Mandar , Saha Kakalee K , Kaul Shibban K 
Published: July 2014

Background Off-pump coronary artery bypass techniques have evolved in the past decade, but there are some concerns about hemodynamic decompensation requiring conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass. These conversions are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. We use an intraaortic balloon pump to treat ischemia-induced hemodynamic instability and arrhythmias during off-pump coronary artery bypass. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of intraaortic balloon pump use in off-pump coronary artery bypass to prevent emergency conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods Data of 529 consecutive unselected patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass were included in this retrospective study of prospectively collected data and operation notes. Complete revascularization was performed using an off-pump technique. All arterial grafts using bilateral internal mammary arteries, and aortic no-touch technique were preferred. If the clinical situation demanded, vein grafts were used. During the procedure, any hemodynamic compromise not responding to conventional inotropic therapy was treated with intraaortic balloon pump insertion. Results Complete revascularization was possible in all 529 patients. An intraaortic balloon pump was inserted in 33 (6.2%) patients to treat hemodynamic instability; in all cases, conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass was avoided and complete revascularization was achieved. Conclusion For treating hemodynamic instability during off-pump coronary artery bypass, we recommend intraaortic balloon pump insertion as the preferred bail-out method rather than conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass.
Frovatriptan 2.5 mg plus dexketoprofen (25 mg or 37.5 mg) in menstrually related migraine. Subanalysis from a double-blind, randomized trial
Authors: Allais G , Bussone G , Tullo V , Cortelli P , Valguarnera F , Barbanti P , Sette G , D’Onofrio F , Curone M , Benedetto C 
Published: July 2014

Purpose The purpose of this article is to investigate the efficacy and safety of frovatriptan plus dexketoprofen 25 or 37.5 mg (FroDex25 or FroDex37.5, respectively) compared to that of frovatriptan 2.5 mg (Frova) in menstrually related migraine (MRM). Aim The aim of this article is to analyze a subgroup of 76 women who treated an MRM attack in this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. Methods The primary end-point was the proportion of patients who were pain free (PF) at two hours. Secondary end-points included pain-relief (PR) at two hours and 48 hours sustained pain free (SPF). Results PF rates at two hours were 29% under Frova, 48% under FroDex25 and 64% under FroDex37.5 ( p < 0.05). PR at two hours was Frova 52%, FroDex25 81% and FroDex37.5 88%, while 48 hours SPF was 18% under Frova, 30% under FroDex25 and 44% under FroDex37.5. Conclusion Combining frovatriptan+dexketoprofen produced higher PF rates at two hours compared to Frova while maintaining efficacy at 48 hours. Tolerability profiles were comparable.
Field-testing of the ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria for classical trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Maarbjerg Stine , Sørensen Morten Togo , Gozalov Aydin , Bendtsen Lars , Olesen Jes 
Published: July 2014

Introduction We aimed to field-test the beta version of the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3 beta) diagnostic criteria for classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The proposed beta draft of the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11 beta) is almost exclusively based on the ICHD-3 beta classification structure although slightly abbreviated. We compared sensitivity and specificity to ICHD-2 criteria, and evaluated the needs for revision. Methods Clinical characteristics were systematically and prospectively collected from 206 consecutive TN patients and from 37 consecutive patients with persistent idiopathic facial pain in a cross-sectional study design. Results: The specificity of ICHD-3 beta was similar to ICHD-2 (97.3% vs. 89.2%, p = 0.248) and the sensitivity was unchanged (76.2% vs. 74.3%, p = 0.134). The majority of false-negative diagnoses in TN patients were due to sensory abnormalities at clinical examination. With a proposed modified version of ICHD-3 beta it was possible to increase sensitivity to 96.1% ( p < 0.001 compared to ICHD-3 beta) while maintaining specificity at 83.8% ( p = 0.074 compared to ICHD-3 beta). Conclusion ICHD-3 beta was not significantly different from ICHD-2 and both lacked sensitivity. A modification of the criteria improved the sensitivity greatly and is proposed for inclusion in the forthcoming ICHD-3.
Headache, drugs and sleep
Authors: Nesbitt Alexander D , Leschziner Guy D , Peatfield Richard C 
Published: July 2014

Background Headache and sleep mechanisms share multiple levels of physiological interaction. Pharmacological treatment of headache syndromes may be associated with a broad range of sleep disturbances, either as a direct result of the pharmacology of the drug used, or by unmasking physiological alterations in sleep propensity seen as part of the headache symptom complex. Purpose This review summarises known sleep and circadian effects of various drugs commonly used in the management of headache disorders, with particular attention paid to abnormal sleep function emerging as a result of treatment. Method Literature searches were performed using MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane database using search terms and strings relating to generic drug names of commonly used compounds in the treatment of headache and their effect on sleep in humans with review of additional pre-clinical evidence where theoretically appropriate. Conclusions Medications used to treat headache disorders may have a considerable impact on sleep physiology. However, greater attention is needed to characterise the direction of the changes of these effects on sleep, particularly to avoid exacerbating detrimental sleep complaints, but also to potentially capitalise on homeostatically useful properties of sleep which may reduce the individual burden of headache disorders on patients.
Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis for the Treatment of Type II and IV Superior Labral Anterior and Posterior Lesions
Authors: Gottschalk Michael B. , Karas Spero G. , Ghattas Timothy N. , Burdette Rachel 
Published: July 2014

Background: Surgical repair remains the gold standard for most type II and type IV superior labral anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions that fail nonoperative management. However, most recently, there have been data demonstrating unacceptably high failure rates with primary repair of type II SLAP lesions. Biceps tenodesis may offer an acceptable, if not better, alternative to primary repair of SLAP lesions. Hypothesis: Subpectoral biceps tenodesis provides satisfactory, reproducible outcomes for the treatment of type II and type IV SLAP lesions. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients who underwent subpectoral biceps tenodesis and labral debridement for type II and type IV SLAP lesions by a single board-certified shoulder surgeon from 2006 to 2012 were evaluated. Exclusion criteria included those patients who underwent biceps tenodesis with an associated rotator cuff repair, anterior labral repair, or posterior labral repair. Outcome measures included the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and demographic data. Results: Between 2006 and 2012, a total of 36 subpectoral biceps tenodesis procedures were performed in 33 patients for type II or IV SLAP lesions. Twenty-six patients with 29 shoulder surgeries were available for follow-up. The average age was 46.7 years, with 16 male and 10 female patients participating in the study. The average follow-up was 40.17 months. There was a significant improvement in ASES and VAS scores: 48.1 and 6.4 preoperatively compared with 87.5 and 1.5 postoperatively, respectively ( P < .001). There was no significant difference based on SLAP lesion type, patient age, or patient sex. Of 29 shoulders, 26 (89.66%) were able to return to the previous level of activity. Conclusion: This study adds to the evolving literature supporting biceps tenodesis as a viable treatment for type II and IV SLAP lesions. Patient age had no effect on the outcomes. Based on these results, biceps tenodesis is a safe, effective, and technically straightforward alternative to primary SLAP repair in patients with type II and IV SLAP tears.