bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic lipopolysaccharide infusion fails to induce depressive-like behaviour in adult male rats
Authors: Fischer Christina Weide , Liebenberg Nico , Madsen Anne Mette , Müller Heidi Kaastrup , Lund Sten , Wegener Gregers 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundChronic inflammation is implicated in numerous diseases, including major depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since depression and T2DM often co-exist, inflammatory pathways are suggested as a possible link. Hence, the establishment of an immune-mediated animal model would shed light on mechanisms possibly linking depression and metabolic alterations.ObjectiveIn this study we investigated a behavioural and metabolic paradigm following chronic infusion with low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using osmotic minipumps in male rats.MethodsBehavioural testing consisted of evaluating activity level in the open field and depressive-like behaviour in the forced swim test. Metabolic assessment included measurement of body weight, food and water intake, and glucose and insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test.ResultsLPS-infused rats showed acute signs of sickness behaviour, but chronic LPS infusion did not induce behavioural or metabolic changes.ConclusionThese results suggest that although inflammation is immediately induced as indicated by acute sickness, 4 weeks of chronic LPS administration via osmotic minipumps did not result in behavioural changes. Therefore, this paradigm may not be a suitable model for studying the underlying mechanisms that link depression and T2DM.
Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Kaplan Ibrahim , Bulut Mahmut , Atli Abdullah , Güneş Mehmet , Kaya Mehmet Cemal , Çolpan Leyla 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveCarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an oncofetal glycoprotein that is widely used as a tumour marker in adenocarcinomas. However, several non-neoplastic conditions, including acute and chronic inflammation and other inflammation-related conditions, are characterised by increased CEA concentrations.Bipolar disorder (BD) ranks seventh among the worldwide burden of non-fatal diseases. Inflammatory biomarkers have been considered as one of the main key pillars of a multifactorial approach for prediction of BD in an at-risk population.BP is accompanied by activation of inflammatory, cell-mediated and negative immunoregulatory cytokines.MethodsWe measured the levels of CEA in serum samples from 44 individuals with euthymic BP out-patients and 45 healthy controls. Patients were diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria. CEA was measured by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.ResultsThe mean serum CEA concentration was 2.36±1.52 and 1.77±0.98 µg/l in patients and controls, respectively. CEA levels were significantly increased in euthymic BP patients when compared with controls (p=0.031).ConclusionsThis study suggests that CEA is increased in BD and supports a role for immune activation in the core pathological mechanisms of BP. CEA levels may be a secondary marker for diagnosing BP.
NOTE ON SUPPORT WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OF LINEAR CODES OVER
Authors: GAO JIAN 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLet $R=\mathbb{F}_{p}+u\mathbb{F}_{p}$, where $u^{2}=u$. A relation between the support weight distribution of a linear code $\mathscr{C}$ of type $p^{2k}$ over $R$ and its dual code $\mathscr{C}^{\bot }$ is established.
Dietarytrans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid alters fatty acid metabolism and microbiota composition in mice
Authors: Marques Tatiana M. , Wall Rebecca , O'Sullivan Orla , Fitzgerald Gerald F. , Shanahan Fergus , Quigley Eamonn M. , Cotter Paul D. , Cryan John F. , Dinan Timothy G. , Ross R. Paul , Stanton Catherine 
Published: February 2015

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietarytrans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) on intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA production. C57BL/6 mice (n8 per group) were fed a standard diet either supplemented witht10c12-CLA (0·5 %, w/w) (intervention) or with no supplementation (control), daily for 8 weeks. Metabolic markers (serum glucose, leptin, insulin and TAG, and liver TAG) were assessed by ELISA commercial kits, tissue long-chain fatty acids and caecal SCFA by GC, and microbial composition by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. Dietaryt10c12-CLA significantly decreased visceral fat mass (P< 0·001), but did not affect body weight (intervention), when compared with no supplementation (control). Additionally, lipid mass and composition were affected byt10c12-CLA intake. Caecal acetate, propionate and isobutyrate concentrations were higher (P< 0·05) in thet10c12-CLA-supplemented group than in the control group. The analysis of the microbiota composition following 8 weeks oft10c12-CLA supplementation revealed lower proportions of Firmicutes (P= 0·003) and higher proportions of Bacteroidetes (P= 0·027) compared with no supplementation. Furthermore,t10c12-CLA supplementation for 8 weeks significantly altered the gut microbiota composition, harbouring higher proportions of Bacteroidetes, including Porphyromonadaceae bacteria previously linked with negative effects on lipid metabolism and induction of hepatic steatosis. These results indicate that the mechanism of dietaryt10c12-CLA on lipid metabolism in mice may be, at least, partially mediated by alterations in gut microbiota composition and functionality.
Log Canonical Thresholds of Complete Intersection Log Del Pezzo Surfaces
Authors: Kim In-Kyun , Park Jihun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe compute the global log canonical thresholds of quasi-smooth well-formed complete intersection log del Pezzo surfaces of amplitude 1 in weighted projective spaces. As a corollary we show the existence of orbifold Kähler—Einstein metrics on many of them.
Utility of electronystagmography in the prediction of post-operative outcome following cochlear implantation
Authors: Spitzer J B , Chari D , Machmer E , Lipson S , Rouse L , Lalwani A K 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjective:To examine the relationship between pre-operative electronystagmography and videonystagmography test results and post-operative outcomes in dizziness, auditory sensitivity and speech recognition.Methods:A retrospective chart review was performed. Auditory sensitivity and speech perception ability were tested pre- and post-operatively in 37 adult cochlear implant recipients. Auditory sensitivity was evaluated using either pure tones (for testing with earphones) or frequency-modulated warble tones (for sound-field testing). Speech perception ability was evaluated using Northwestern University Auditory Test Number 6.Results:No correlation was found between pre-operative electronystagmography test results and post-operative subjective dizziness. However, pre-operative electronystagmography testing and post-operative hearing sensitivity as measured by warble tone average (dB HL) correlated significantly at six months or later after cochlear implant activation (r ≥ −0.34,n = 34,p < 0.05).Conclusion:This study, which has a level of evidence 4, demonstrates that pre-operative electronystagmography testing has a potential use in predicting post-operative outcomes in hearing sensitivity following cochlear implantation. However, larger studies are needed to confirm this novel finding.
Making an Anthropological Case: Cognitive Dualism and the Acousmatic
Authors: Stone-Davis Férdia J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper examines Roger Scruton's acousmatic account of music, situating it in relation to the anthropology that accompanies it. It suggests that in order to adequately maintain the anthropology Scruton desires (a cognitive rather than an ontological dualism), and to take full account of the parallel he draws between musical and inter-personal understanding (through gesture), the materiality of music needs to be more fully into his account of musical understanding.
Borderline personality disorder, but not euthymic bipolar disorder, is associated with a failure to sustain reciprocal cooperative behaviour: implications for spectrum models of mood disorders
Authors: Saunders K. E. A. , Goodwin G. M. , Rogers R. D. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundBorderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar disorder (BD) have overlapping clinical presentations and symptoms – sources of persistent clinical confusion. Game-theory can characterize how social function might be sub-optimal in the two disorders and move the field beyond the anecdotal description of clinical history. Here, we tested the hypothesis that BPD and BD can be distinguished on the basis of diminished reciprocal altruism in iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) games.MethodTwenty females with BPD, 20 females with euthymic BD and 20 healthy (non-clinical) females, matched for age and cognitive ability, were assessed for Axis-I and personality disorders, and completed psychometric measures of state affect, impulsivity and hostility. Participants completed two iterated PD games and a test of gaze-cueing.ResultsIn the PD games, BPD participants failed to show statistically stable preferences to cooperate with social partners (playing tit-for-tat) and made significantly fewer cooperative responses compared to BD or controls (ANOVA main effect p = 0.03, post-hoc Tukey p < 0.05 for both comparisons). BPD participants were also less likely to sustain cooperation following experiences involving mutual cooperation than the other groups. Neither BPD nor BD participants demonstrated impairments in shifting visual attention on the basis of other peoples’ gaze.ConclusionsThese data indicate that BPD is (selectively) associated with difficulties in establishing, and then maintaining, reciprocal cooperation, involving altruism. These difficulties are not seen in euthymic BD. Our data support the differentiation of BPD from BD and offer fresh insights into the social difficulties experienced by individuals with diagnoses of BPD.
Interleukin-6 as a predictor of symptom resolution in psychological distress: a cohort study
Authors: Virtanen M. , Shipley M. J. , Batty G. D. , Hamer M. , Allan C. L. , Lowe G. D. , Ebmeier K. P. , Akbaraly T. N. , Alenius H. , Haapakoski R. , Singh-Manoux A. , Kivimäki M. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundElevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with the development of common mental disorders, such as depression, but its role in symptom resolution is unclear.MethodWe examined the association between IL-6 and symptom resolution in a non-clinical sample of participants with psychological distress.ResultsRelative to high IL-6 levels, low levels at baseline were associated with symptom resolution at follow-up [age- and sex-adjusted risk ratio (RR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.25]. Further adjustment for covariates had little effect on the association. Symptomatic participants with repeated low IL-6 were more likely to be symptom-free at follow-up compared with those with repeated high IL-6 (RR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.41). Among the symptomatic participants with elevated IL-6 at baseline, IL-6 decreased along with symptom resolution.ConclusionsIL-6 is potentially related to the mechanisms underlying recovery from symptoms of mental ill health. Further studies are needed to examine these mechanisms and to confirm the findings in relation to clinical depression.
Brian Hebblethwaite's arguments against multiple incarnations
Authors: PAWL TIMOTHY 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this article I present two arguments from Brian Hebblethwaite for the conclusion that multiple incarnations are impossible, as well as the analyses of those arguments provided by three other thinkers: Oliver Crisp, Peter Kevern, and Robin Le Poidevin. I argue that both of Hebblethwaite's arguments are unsound.
Are We All Agreed? Consensual Methods and the ‘Necessities of Life’ in the UK Today
Authors: FAHMY ELDIN , SUTTON EILEEN , PEMBERTON SIMON 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn recent decades, consensual approaches to poverty measurement have been widely adopted in large-scale survey research both in the UK and internationally. However, while ascertaining the extent of public agreement on the ‘necessities of life’ has been central to this approach, long-standing critiques have questioned the nature of public consensus on poverty derived using survey methods. By drawing on new primary research preparatory to the2012 UK Poverty and Social Exclusion Survey, we consider the contribution of qualitative methods in understanding public views on necessities and discuss their implications for survey-based poverty measurement. Our findings raise some important conceptual and measurement issues for consensual poverty measures within large-scale social surveys. Firstly, our research suggests that public understandings of the term ‘necessity’ are diverse and may not always be consistent with researchers’ interpretations or with wider usage of this term within consensual poverty measurement. Secondly, a better understanding of the considerations which inform survey respondents’ deliberations is needed. Thirdly, our findings have important implications for how we should interpret the concept of ‘consensus’ within the context of consensual poverty surveys, and emphasise the need for the application of more deliberative methods in determining public views on the ‘necessities of life’.
Increased risk of predation increases mobbing intensity in tropical birds of French Guiana
Authors: Tilgar Vallo , Moks Kadri 
Published: February 2015

Abstract:Stressful environments have been suggested to enhance cooperative behaviours in animal communities. Prey animals living in risky environments can also increase long-term benefits by cooperating with neighbours, such as collectively harassing predators. However, empirical studies have rarely tested this prediction in the wild. In this experimental study we explored whether the perceived predation risk influences cooperative mobbing behaviour in tropical forest birds in French Guiana. The predation risk was increased by 5-d-long presentation of visual and acoustic stimuli of pygmy-owls in 24 locations. In order to examine whether mobbing response can vary in relation to the abundance of local predators, we used the Amazonian pygmy-owl (Glaucidium hardyi) as a common predator and the ferruginous pygmy-owl (Glaucidium brasilianum) as a rare predator in the study area. Our results showed that repeated predator-presentations increased mobbing response over time for the rarer owl species, while this effect was not significant for the common owl species. No effect of repeated presentations of either pygmy-owl species was found on the latency of mobbing. Moreover, mobbing latency was shorter and mobbing response was stronger for the common predator species, the Amazonian pygmy-owl. This study provides experimental evidence that birds exhibit stronger mobbing responses when the predator is locally abundant, while repeated encounters can be perceived as more dangerous when the predator is rare.
Using molecular tools to identify the geographical origin of a case of human brucellosis
Authors: MUCHOWSKI J. K. , KOYLASS M. S. , DAINTY A. C. , STACK J. A. , PERRETT L. , WHATMORE A. M. , PERRIER C. , CHIRCOP S. , DEMICOLI N. , GATT A. B. , CARUANA P. A. , GOPAUL K. K. 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYAlthough Malta is historically linked with the zoonosis brucellosis, there had not been a case of the disease in either the human or livestock population for several years. However, in July 2013 a case of human brucellosis was identified on the island. To determine whether this recent case originated in Malta, four isolates from this case were subjected to molecular analysis. Molecular profiles generated using multilocus sequence analysis and multilocus variable number tandem repeat for the recent human case isolates and 11 Brucella melitensis strains of known Maltese origin were compared with others held on in-house and global databases. While the 11 isolates of Maltese origin formed a distinct cluster, the recent human isolation was not associated with these strains but instead clustered with isolates originating from the Horn of Africa. These data was congruent with epidemiological trace-back showed that the individual had travelled to Malta from Eritrea. This work highlights the potential of using molecular typing data to aid in epidemiological trace-back of Brucella isolations and assist in monitoring of the effectiveness of brucellosis control schemes.
First report of identification of livestock-associated MRSA ST9 in retail meat in England
Authors: DHUP V. , KEARNS A. M. , PICHON B. , FOSTER H. A. 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYSixty percent of all meat consumed in the UK is imported from European countries where there have been increasing reports of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) identified in food-producing animals, but rarely from such animals in the UK. Thirty samples each of raw chicken, pork and beef, sourced in England, were collected from retail outlets in Greater Manchester. MRSA was recovered from three chicken samples and one each of pork and beef, all from prepackaged supermarket meat. Four isolates were identified as representatives of the most common human healthcare-associated MRSA clone in the UK [EMRSA-15, spa type t032, belonging to multilocus sequence type clonal complex 22 (MLST-CC22)], suggesting contamination from human source(s) during meat processing. The fifth isolate (from chicken) was multiply-resistant (including oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline), identified as ST9-SCCmecIV, spa type t1939 and lacked the immune evasion cluster, a characteristic of livestock-associated strains. This lineage has been identified previously from animals and meat products in Asia and mainland Europe but not the UK.
Aetiology and epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis cases in Galicia (NW Spain), 2000–2008
Authors: ABAL-FABEIRO J. L. , MASIDE X. , LLOVO J. , BARTOLOMÉ C. 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYCryptosporidiuminfects millions of people worldwide causing acute gastroenteritis, but despite its remarkable epidemiological and economic impact, information on the epidemiological trends of human cryptosporidiosis is still scarce in most countries. Here we investigate a panel of 486 cases collected in Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula) between 2000 and 2008, which sheds new light on the epidemiology in this region of the South Atlantic European façade. Incidence rates in Galicia are one order of magnitude higher than those reported in other regions of Spain, suggesting that this parasite remains largely underdiagnosed in this country, and are also larger than those typical of other European countries with available data. Two species dominate our dataset,Cryptosporidium hominis(65%) andC. parvum(34%). The sex ratio of patients infected by either species was 0·5, butC. hominiswas significantly more common in younger males.C. parvuminfections were more acute and required more specialized medical attention, which suggests a differential adaptation of each species to human hosts. The parasites display strong seasonal and geographical variation.C. parvumincidence peaked during summer and was mainly detected in rural areas whileC. hominisinfections were more frequent in autumn and exhibited a more even geographical distribution. Such differences probably reflect their distinct sources of infection – C. parvumis mainly zoonotic andC. hominisanthroponotic – and the effects of climatic variables, like temperature and rainfall.
Dissolved oxygen dynamics during a phytoplankton bloom in the Ross Sea polynya
Authors: Queste Bastien Y. , Heywood Karen J. , Smith Walker O. , Kaufman Daniel E. , Jickells Timothy D. , Dinniman Michael S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Ross Sea polynya is one of the most productive regions in the Southern Ocean. However, limited access and high spatio-temporal variability of physical and biological processes limit the use of conventional oceanographic methods to measure early season primary productivity. High-resolution observations from two Seagliders provide insights into the timing of a bloom in the southern Ross Sea polynya in December 2010. Changes in chlorophyll and oxygen concentrations are used to assess bloom dynamics. Using a ratio of dissolved oxygen to carbon, net primary production is estimated over the duration of the bloom showing a sensitive balance between net autotrophy and heterotrophy. The two gliders, observing spatially distinct regions during the same period, found net community production rates of -0.9±0.7 and 0.7±0.4 g C m-2 d-1. The difference highlights the spatial variability of biological processes and is probably caused by observing different stages of the bloom. The challenge of obtaining accurate primary productivity estimates highlights the need for increased observational efforts, particularly focusing on subsurface processes not resolved using surface or remote observations. Without an increased observational effort and the involvement of emerging technologies, it will not be possible to determine the seasonal trophic balance of the Ross Sea polynya and quantify the shelf’s importance in carbon export.
The refuge of a dying variant within the grammar: Patterns of change and continuity in the Spanish verbal periphrasishaber de + infinitive over the past two centuries
Authors: Blas Arroyo José Luis , Lahoz Javier Vellón 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBased on a corpus of ego-documents (private letters, diaries, memoirs) from the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, this paper presents a variationist comparative study to determine the fate of the modal periphrasishaber de + infinitive in the history of modern Spanish. Detailed analysis of the envelope of variation enables us to show that, despite an abrupt decline in the selection ofhaber derelative totener que, both ‘to have to’, grammatical environments that favor its use remain in the mid-20th century. Many of the factor groups and the hierarchy of constraints during this period are similar to those that operated in previous periods. Nevertheless, a generalized decrease in the explanatory power of these factor groups, as well as some divergent patterns within several of these groups are also observed, mainly as a result of the fact thathaber de + infinitive is increasingly relegated to some restricted areas of the grammar and lexicon. Based on these results, some theoretical implications for changing rates and constraints in language change and grammaticalization are discussed.