bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying promising accessions of cherry tomato: a sensory strategy using consumers and chefs
Authors: Rocha Mariella C , Deliza Rosires , Ares Gastón , Freitas Daniela De GC , Silva Aline LS , Carmo Margarida GF , Abboud Antonio CS 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundAn increased production of cherry and gourmet tomato cultivars that are harvested at advanced colour stages and sold at a higher price has been observed in the last 10 years. In this context, producers need information on the sensory characteristics of new cultivars and their perception by potential consumers. The aim of the present work was to obtain a sensory characterisation of nine cherry tomato cultivars produced under Brazilian organic cultivation conditions from a chef and consumer perspective. Nine organic cherry tomato genotypes were evaluated by ten chefs using an open‐ended question and by 110 consumers using a check‐all‐that‐apply question.ResultsBoth methodologies provided similar information on the sensory characteristics of the cherry tomato accessions. The superimposed representation of the samples in a multiple factor analysis was similar for consumers' and chefs' descriptions (RV coefficient 0.728), although they used different methodologies. According to both panels, cherry tomatoes were sorted into five groups of samples with similar sensory characteristics.ConclusionResults from the present work may provide information to help organic producers in the selection of the most promising cultivars for cultivation, taking into account consumers' and chefs' perceptions, as well as in the design of communication and marketing strategies. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
6‐Benzylaminopurine alleviates chilling injury of postharvest cucumber fruit through modulating antioxidant system and energy status
Authors: Chen Bingxia , Yang Huqing 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND6‐Benzylaminopurine (6‐BA) has a close relationship with the stress resistance of plants. Little research has been carried out on the effects of 6‐BA on the cold resistance of postharvest fruits and vegetables. Therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 6‐BA on chilling injury (CI), antioxidant system and energy status in cucumber during storage.RESULTSThe results showed that 6‐BA at 50 mmol L−1 was most effective to restrain CI in cucumber fruit. Fruits treated with 50 mmol L−1 6‐BA maintained higher levels of chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, this treatment reduced the increases in membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, delayed the increases in both rate of production and H2O2 content and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) under chilling stress. The treatment also increased the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and resulted in a higher level of energy charge.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that 6‐BA alleviated CI in cucumber fruit through improving antioxidant enzyme activities and total antioxidant capacity and maintaining higher levels of ATP content and energy charge.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of inert gas and prefermentative treatment with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone on the phenolic composition of Chilean Sauvignon blanc wines
Authors: Cáceres‐Mella Alejandro , Peña‐Neira Álvaro , Parraguez Jenny , López‐Solís Remigio , Laurie V Felipe , Canals Joan Miquel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDSauvignon blanc wines are produced under a wide variety of winemaking conditions, some of which include different fruit‐ripening levels, cold soaks and the use of fining agents and inert gases. Anecdotal evidence suggests that sensory variations among these wines may have to do with their phenolic composition and concentration. Therefore the aim of this work was to study the effects of different winemaking conditions typically used in Chile on the phenolic composition and concentration of Sauvignon blanc wines.RESULTSThe use of an inert gas (CO2) in winemaking produced differences in the proportion of proanthocyanidin fractions. A higher concentration of flavan‐3‐ol monomers resulted from winemaking in the presence of inert gas. This condition also produced a higher content of total phenols and low‐molecular‐weight phenolic compounds. Low doses of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) in the prefermentative treatments produced wines with a higher content of phenolic compounds. Under these conditions a higher content of polymeric proanthocyanidins was observed.CONCLUSIONDifferent winemaking conditions modified the concentration and proportion of proanthocyanidin fractions and the global phenolic composition of the resulting white wines. This should be taken into account by the wineries producing these wines. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Physiological responses of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) fruit to storage temperature under modified atmosphere packaging
Authors: Jat Laxman , Pareek Sunil , Shukla Kunj B 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of storage temperature on physiological responses in Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. cv. Gola) fruit was investigated. Freshly harvested fruits at physiological maturity characterised by colour‐turning stage were stored at ambient temperature, 12 and 6 °C for 21, 35 and 35 days respectively. Headspace O2, CO2 and C2H4, moisture content, respiration, ethylene production, firmness, tristimulus colour, chroma, hue angle and chilling injury index were monitored during fruit storage.RESULTSRates of respiration and ethylene production increased after 1 week of storage at ambient temperature, while peaks were observed after 2 weeks at 12 and 6 °C. Headspace O2 decreased continuously during storage, while CO2 and C2H4 increased at all storage temperatures. Moisture content and firmness also decreased during storage. Hunter L* values increased during storage, which correlated with the darkening of fruit colour. Fruit stored at ambient temperature did not show any chilling injury symptoms, while chilling injury appeared on day 28 under 12 °C storage and on day 21 under 6 °C storage.CONCLUSIONIndian jujube fruit showed high rates of respiration and ethylene production that were significantly affected by different storage temperatures. Lower temperatures increased the shelf life of the fruit, but chilling injury was a problem under 6 °C storage. Indian jujube fruit could be stored at 6 °C for up to 35 days if chilling injury could be alleviated. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Plasma carotenoid concentrations of infants are increased by feeding a milk‐based infant formula supplemented with carotenoids
Authors: Mackey Amy D , Albrecht Daniel , Oliver Jeffery , Williams Timberly , Long Amy C , Price Pamela T 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuman milk is the gold standard of infant nutrition and is a source of important substances, including carotenoids. Infant formulas are designed to mimic the composition and/or performance of human milk, although currently carotenoids are not routinely added to US infant formulas. The aim of this study was to assess plasma concentrations of β‐carotene, lutein and lycopene 56 days after feeding infants milk‐based infant formula without (CTRL) or with different concentrations of added carotenoids (L1 and L2).RESULTSPlasma carotenoid concentrations increased in infants fed carotenoid‐supplemented formulas as compared with the control formula with no added carotenoids. At study day 56, infants fed the supplemented formulas (L1 and L2) had mean plasma lutein, β‐carotene and lycopene concentrations that were within the range of a concurrent group of human milk‐fed infants (HM). Anthropometric measurements were comparable among all study groups.CONCLUSIONPlasma carotenoid concentrations of infants fed the supplemented formulas were within the range of the HM group and are consistent with reported plasma carotenoid ranges in human milk‐fed infants. The experimental formulas were well tolerated and anthropometric measurements were comparable among all study groups. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Immobilisation of a hydroperoxide lyase and comparative enzymological studies of the immobilised enzyme with membrane‐bound enzyme
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Kong Xiangzhen , Zhang Caimeng , Chen Yeming , Hua Yufei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDHydroperoxide lyase is the key enzyme in lipoxygenase pathway producing green‐note flavours and has potential value for the flavour additive industry. So far, only a low yield of green‐note flavours produced by hydroperoxide lyase has been achieved, primarily because of its instability. The aim of this study was to stabilise hydroperoxide lyase from Amaranthus tricolor leaves by immobilisation and investigate the characteristics of immobilised enzyme in comparison with free and native membrane‐bound enzyme.RESULTSA maximum activity of 2.85 ± 0.1 U g−1 (wet) ceramic hydroxyapatite and a yield of 80% were obtained under optimised coupling conditions. The optimal reaction pH was 6.0, 6.0 and 7.5 for free, membrane‐bound and immobilised enzyme respectively, while the optimal reaction temperature was 30, 35 and 35 °C respectively. Thermal and operational stability of immobilised enzyme were substantially enhanced. However, a higher substrate diffusion resistance was imposed after immobilisation, as evidenced by the Km value of immobilised enzyme being higher than that of free and membrane‐bound enzyme.CONCLUSIONCeramic hydroxyapatite was a candidate for the immobilisation of hydroperoxide lyase from A. tricolor leaves. The stability of hydroperoxide lyase was substantially improved after immobilisation on this substrate. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and Characterization of Squaraine‐Based Conjugated Polymers With Phenylene Linkers for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Maeda Takeshi , Tsukamoto Tatsuya , Seto Ayaka , Yagi Shigeyuki , Nakazumi Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2012

Abstractπ‐Conjugated copolymers consisting of squaraine dyes as light‐harvesting components and phenylene linkers (PSQ) are presented. They show intense absorption in visible (Vis) and near‐infrared (NIR) region, originating with the intramolecular charge transfer of the dye. Although their optical and electrochemical properties are dominantly derived from dye components, phenylene linkers affect aggregation in the solid state and phase segregation of the PSQ/PCBM composites. Bulk heterojunction solar cells consisting of PSQ/PCBM exhibit spectral response in Vis–NIR region, and they show power conversion efficiencies up to 0.64%. The copolymer approach to develop squaraine‐based polymers enables the auxiliary tuning of the physical properties that determine photovoltaic performance through the choice of linkers.
Hybrid Self‐Assembly, Crystal, and Fractal Behavior of a Carboxy‐Ended Hyperbranched Polyester/Copper Complex
Authors: Zhang Daohong , Li Junna , Chen Sufang , Li Tingcheng , Zhou Jiliang , Cheng Xinjian , Zhang Aiqing 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe novel hybrid self‐assembly of a carboxy‐ended hyperbranched polyester/copper complex on glass substrates is presented. Ordered, tree‐like self‐assemblies with sizes of about 400–900 μm and branch widths of about 1 μm are obtained, which demonstrate an intriguing crystalline and fractal structure by XRD, DSC, and SEM techniques. The fractal dimension (Df) of 1.67 suggests a perfect supramolecular structure. Factors affecting the morphology of self‐assembly, including self‐assembly time, relative humidity, and concentration of the complex, are investigated and the hybrid self‐assembly is attributed to the synergistic action of cupric ion coordination induction, micelle formation, and diffusion‐limited aggregation of micelles.
Glyphosate resistance in Sorghum halepense and Lolium rigidum is reduced at suboptimal growing temperatures
Authors: Vila‐Aiub Martin M , Gundel Pedro E , Yu Qin , Powles Stephen B 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundGlyphosate resistance in populations of the C4 perennial Sorghum halepense (Johnsongrass) and C3 annual Lolium rigidum (rigid ryegrass) has evolved and been documented in many cropping areas around the globe. In S. halepense and in the majority of reported cases in L. rigidum the glyphosate resistance trait has been associated with a mechanism that reduces glyphosate translocation within plants. Here, the significant decrease in the glyphosate resistance level when resistant plants of S. halepense and L. rigidum are grown at suboptimal cool temperature conditions is reported. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical IndustryResultsLowering temperature from 30 to 19 °C in S. halepense and from 19 to 8 °C in L. rigidum significantly reduced both plant survival and above‐ground biomass produced by glyphosate‐resistant plants. Thus, glyphosate resistance parameters significantly decreased when glyphosate‐treated resistant plants of both species were grown under non‐optimal temperature conditions. The results suggest that the resistance mechanism against glyphosate damage is less efficient at optimal growing temperatures.ConclusionIt is possible to increase the control of glyphosate‐resistant S. halepense and L. rigidum populations by treatment with glyphosate during growing conditions at suboptimal low temperatures. Conversely, glyphosate failure will continue to occur on glyphosate‐resistant populations treated during periods of higher temperatures.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of solvent on the toxicity of dimethoate in a honey bee in vitro larval study
Authors: Wilkins Selwyn , Jarratt Nicholas , Harkin Sarah , Thompson Helen , Coulson Mike 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing interest in the toxicity of pesticides to honey bee larvae. The solubility of pesticides in the artificial diet used to dose larvae is a key issue. There has been no full evaluation of the use of solvents to dissolve pesticides in the larval toxicity test system.ResultsData generated for the toxicity of dimethoate to larvae using 5 and 10% acetone solvent in the diet were similar and close to the toxicity data for adults (LD50 0.1–0.3 µg bee−1). With only 1.5% acetone as a vehicle, the toxicity (LD50 0.6–1.14 µg larva−1) was lower and closer to published validation data of 1.5–3.1 µg larva−1 (with some reported data as high as 8.8 µg larva−1) generated using dimethoate dissolved in water. This suggests that the solubility of the pesticide in the diet is a key factor in determining its toxicity.ConclusionsConsideration of the solubility of the toxic reference and test items when designing studies is important. The use of higher rates of acetone in the present study more closely represents the true exposure of larvae to pesticides that are not highly soluble in diet. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Radial n–i–p structure silicon nanowire‐based solar cells on flexible stainless steel substrates
Authors: Xie Xiaobing , Zeng Xiangbo , Yang Ping , Li Hao , Li Jingyan , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Qiming 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRadial n–i–p structure silicon nanowires‐(SiNWs) based solar cells on flexible stainless steel substrates have been fabricated by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The highest open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and short‐circuit current density (Jsc) for AM 1.5 illumination were 0.62 V and 13.36 mA cm−2, respectively, at a maximum power conversion efficiency of 3.56%. The optical reflectance of the SiNWs solar cells over a broad rang of wavelengths (300–1000 nm) is reduced by ∼80% in average compared to planar silicon thin film cells. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements show that the EQE response of SiNWs solar cells is improved greatly in the wavelength range of 550–750 nm compared to corresponding planar silicon thin film solar cells.
Expression of Integrin α2 Receptor in Human Cord Blood CD34+CD38−CD90+ Stem Cells Engrafting Long-Term in NOD/SCID-IL2Rγcnull Mice
Authors: Wong Wan Man , Sigvardsson Mikael , ÅStrand-Grundström Ingbritt , Hogge Donna , Larsson Jonas , Qian Hong , Ekblom Marja 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Human hematopoietic stem cells reside in the CD34+CD38−CD90+ population in cord blood and bone marrow. However, this cell fraction is heterogeneous, and the phenotype of the rare primitive stem cells remains poorly defined. We here report that primitive cord blood CD34+CD38−CD90+ stem cells, with the ability to reconstitute NOD/SCID-IL2Rγcnull (NSG) mice long-term, at 24 weeks after transplantation, can be prospectively isolated at an increased purity by using integrin α2 receptor as an additional stem cell marker. Using a limiting dilution transplantation assay, we found a highly significant enrichment of multilineage reconstituting stem cells in the CD34+CD38−CD90+ cell fraction expressing the integrin α2 receptor, with a frequency of 1/29 cells, as compared to a frequency of 1/157 in the corresponding integrin α2− cells. In line with this, long-term reconstituting stem cells within the cord blood CD34+CD38− cell population were significantly enriched in the integrin α2+ fraction, while stem cells and progenitors reconstituting short-term, at 8–12 weeks, were heterogeneous in integrin α2 expression. Global gene expression profiling revealed that the lineage-marker negative (Lin−) CD34+CD38−CD90+CD45RA− integrin α2+ cell population was molecularly distinct from the integrin α2− cell population and the more mature Lin−CD34+CD38−CD90−CD45RA− cell population. Our findings identify integrin α2 as a novel stem cell marker, which improves prospective isolation of the primitive human hematopoietic stem cells within the CD34+CD38−CD90+ cell population for experimental and therapeutic stem cell applications.
Human Pericytes for Ischemic Heart Repair
Authors: Chen Chien-Wen , Okada Masaho , Proto Jonathan D. , Gao Xueqin , Sekiya Naosumi , Beckman Sarah A. , Corselli Mirko , Crisan Mihaela , Saparov Arman , Tobita Kimimasa , Péault Bruno , Huard Johnny 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHuman microvascular pericytes (CD146+/34−/45−/56−) contain multipotent precursors and repair/regenerate defective tissues, notably skeletal muscle. However, their ability to repair the ischemic heart remains unknown. We investigated the therapeutic potential of human pericytes, purified from skeletal muscle, for treating ischemic heart disease and mediating associated repair mechanisms in mice. Echocardiography revealed that pericyte transplantation attenuated left ventricular dilatation and significantly improved cardiac contractility, superior to CD56+ myogenic progenitor transplantation, in acutely infarcted mouse hearts. Pericyte treatment substantially reduced myocardial fibrosis and significantly diminished infiltration of host inflammatory cells at the infarct site. Hypoxic pericyte-conditioned medium suppressed murine fibroblast proliferation and inhibited macrophage proliferation in vitro. High expression by pericytes of immunoregulatory molecules, including interleukin-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2, and heme oxygenase-1, was sustained under hypoxia, except for monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Host angiogenesis was significantly increased. Pericytes supported microvascular structures in vivo and formed capillary-like networks with/without endothelial cells in three-dimensional cocultures. Under hypoxia, pericytes dramatically increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, platelet-derived growth factor-β, transforming growth factor-β1 and corresponding receptors while expression of basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and angiopoietin-1 was repressed. The capacity of pericytes to differentiate into and/or fuse with cardiac cells was revealed by green fluorescence protein labeling, although to a minor extent. In conclusion, intramyocardial transplantation of purified human pericytes promotes functional and structural recovery, attributable to multiple mechanisms involving paracrine effects and cellular interactions.
Direct chemical dynamics simulations: coupling of classical and quasiclassical trajectories with electronic structure theory
Authors: Paranjothy Manikandan , Sun Rui , Zhuang Yu , Hase William L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn classical and quasiclassical trajectory chemical dynamics simulations, the atomistic dynamics of collisions, chemical reactions, and energy transfer are studied by solving the classical equations of motion. These equations require the potential energy and its gradient for the chemical system under study, and they may be obtained directly from an electronic structure theory. This article reviews such direct dynamics simulations. The accuracy of classical chemical dynamics is considered, with simulations highlighted for the F− + CH3OOH reaction and of energy transfer in collisions of CO2 with a perfluorinated self‐assembled monolayer (F‐SAM) surface. Procedures for interfacing chemical dynamics and electronic structure theory computer codes are discussed. A Hessian‐based predictor–corrector algorithm and high‐accuracy Hessian updating algorithm, for enhancing the efficiency of direct dynamics simulations, are described. In these simulations, an ensemble of trajectories is calculated which represents the experimental and chemical system under study. Algorithms are described for selecting the appropriate initial conditions for bimolecular and unimolecular reactions, gas‐surface collisions, and initializing trajectories at transition states and conical intersections. Illustrative direct dynamics simulations are presented for the Cl− + CH3I SN2 reaction, unimolecular decomposition of the epoxy resin constituent CH3NHCHCHCH3 versus temperature, collisions and reactions of N‐protonated diglycine with a F‐SAM surface that has a reactive head group, and the product energy partitioning for the post‐transition state dynamics of C2H5F → HF + C2H4 dissociation. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Retinal differentiation in Drosophila
Authors: Treisman Jessica E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDrosophila eye development has been extensively studied, due to the ease of genetic screens for mutations disrupting this process. The eye imaginal disc is specified during embryonic and larval development by the Pax6 homolog Eyeless and a network of downstream transcription factors. Expression of these factors is regulated by signaling molecules and also indirectly by growth of the eye disc. Differentiation of photoreceptor clusters initiates in the third larval instar at the posterior of the eye disc and progresses anteriorly, driven by the secreted protein Hedgehog. Within each cluster, the combined activities of Hedgehog signaling and Notch‐mediated lateral inhibition induce and refine the expression of the transcription factor Atonal, which specifies the founding R8 photoreceptor of each ommatidium. Seven additional photoreceptors, followed by cone and pigment cells, are successively recruited by the signaling molecules Spitz, Delta, and Bride of sevenless. Combinations of these signals and of intrinsic transcription factors give each ommatidial cell its specific identity. During the pupal stages, rhodopsins are expressed, and the photoreceptors and accessory cells take on their final positions and morphologies to form the adult retina. Over the past few decades, the genetic analysis of this small number of cell types arranged in a repetitive structure has allowed a remarkably detailed understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling cell differentiation and morphological rearrangement. WIREs Dev Biol 2012, 2:545–557. doi: 10.1002/wdev.100This article is categorized under:

Nervous System Development > Flies
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles