bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Ordovician to Silurian evolution of exotic terranes in the Scandinavian Caledonides of the Ofoten–Troms area – terrane characterization and correlation based on new U–Pb zircon ages and Lu–Hf isotopic data
Authors: Augland Lars E. , Andresen Arild , Gasser Deta , Steltenpohl Mark G. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry U–Pb dating and coupled Lu–Hf solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses of zircon were acquired from magmatic rocks along two transects across the Scandinavian Caledonides in the Troms–Ofoten region of Norway to explore possible correlations and gain insight into the evolution of far-travelled nappes within the Upper and Uppermost Allochthons. One pulse of magmatic activity was recorded at
c.
489 Ma in the Tromsø Nappe. In the underlying Nakkedal Nappe, a magmatic pulse was recorded at
c.
450 Ma, being contemporaneous with eclogite facies metamorphism in the area. Tonalites in the structurally underlying Lyngen and Gratangseidet ophiolitic complexes, both forming the substratum to carbonate–schist–quartzite sequences (Balsfjord and Evenes groups, respectively), yielded ages of 481 and 474 Ma. Obtained ε
Hf(t)
values are, however, distinctly different and indicate a juvenile origin for the Gratangseidet tonalite (ε
Hf(474)
=+9.57) and the presence of Palaeoproterozoic source material for the Lyngen tonalite (ε
Hf(481)
=−16.8 to −2.3). The 474 Ma age of the Snaufjellet granite intruding the Bogen Group structurally above the Evenes Group requires a thrust between the two units. An age of 435 Ma on the Heia gabbro of the Nordmannvik Nappe is comparable to that of the Råna norite (437 Ma) in the Narvik area, supporting a correlation with the Narvik Nappe Complex. The youngest intrusion dated to 425 Ma is a leucogranite that intruded the Balsfjord Group. The Lu–Hf data indicate a common source for several of the magmatic rocks in the Uppermost Allochthon, as well as Laurentian arc granitoids from East Greenland and possibly from Newfoundland and related areas.
Elastic models of magma reservoir mechanics: a key tool for investigating planetary volcanism
Authors: Grosfils Eric B. , McGovern Patrick J. , Gregg Patricia M. , Galgana Gerald A. , Hurwitz Debra M. , Long Sylvan M. , Chestler Shelley R. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Understanding how shallow reservoirs store and redirect magma is critical for deciphering the relationship between surface and subsurface volcanic activity on the terrestrial planets. Complementing field, laboratory and remote sensing analyses, elastic models provide key insights into the mechanics of magma reservoir inflation and rupture, and hence into commonly observed volcanic phenomena including edifice growth, circumferential intrusion, radial dyke swarm emplacement and caldera formation. Based on finite element model results, the interplay between volcanic elements – such as magma reservoir geometry, host rock environment (with an emphasis on understanding how host rock pore pressure assumptions affect model predictions), mechanical layering, and edifice loading with and without flexure – dictates the overpressure required for rupture, the location and orientation of initial fracturing and intrusion, and the associated surface uplift. Model results are either insensitive to, or can readily incorporate, material and parameter variations characterizing different planetary environments, and they also compare favourably with predictions derived from rheologically complex, time-dependent formulations for a surprisingly diverse array of volcanic scenarios. These characteristics indicate that elastic models are a powerful and useful tool for exploring many fundamental questions in planetary volcanology.
“Aquisse começa huu exeplo perque pode home entender alguas diferenças antre dous manuscritos que de consuu tratam da vida de tossis molher que foy muy pecador”
Authors: Machado Filho Américo Venâncio Lopes 
Published: December 2013

Este artigo se concentra na comparação linguística entre dois manuscritos medievais portugueses, datáveis dos séculos XIV e XV, que relatam a vida de Tarsis (grande pecadora que posteriormente se converte aos dogmas cristãos), espectivamente editados por Machado Filho (2000) e Martins (1985) e sobre os quais se estabelecem, analiticamente, breves correlações e dessemelhanças, tanto em nível de conteúdo e grafia, quanto no tocante a aspectos de natureza morfossintática.
Adult Height and Prevalence of Coronary Artery Calcium
Authors: Miedema Michael D. , Petrone Andrew B. , Arnett Donna K. , Dodson John A. , Carr J. Jeffrey , Pankow James S. , Hunt Steven C. , Province Michael A. , Kraja Aldi , Gaziano J. Michael , Djousse Luc 
Published: December 2013

Background—
Adult height has been hypothesized to be inversely associated with coronary heart disease; however, studies have produced conflicting results. We sought to examine the relationship between adult height and the prevalence of coronary artery calcium (CAC), a direct measure of subclinical atherosclerosis and surrogate marker of coronary heart disease.

Methods and Results—

We evaluated the relationship between adult height and CAC in 2703 participants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study who underwent cardiac computed tomography. We used generalized estimating equations to calculate the prevalence odds ratios for the presence of CAC (CAC>0) across sex-specific quartiles of height. The mean age of the sample was 54.8 years, and 60.2% of participants were female. There was an inverse association between adult height and CAC. After adjusting for age, race, field center, waist circumference, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medications, diabetes mellitus, diabetic medications, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipid-lowering medications, and income, individuals in the tallest quartile had 30% lower odds of having prevalent CAC. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the presence of CAC across consecutive sex-specific quartiles of height were 1.0 (reference), 1.15 (0.86–1.53), 0.95 (0.73–1.22), and 0.70 (0.53–0.93), and
P
for trend <0.01. There was no evidence of effect modification for the relationship between adult height and CAC by age or socioeconomic status.

Conclusions—
The results of our study suggest an inverse, independent association between adult height and CAC.
The role of advance directives regarding the patient’s consent. Views held by the first Spanish Act regulating the patient's autonomy and differences with the Common Law tradition
Authors: Rodriguez-Vazquez Virgilio 
Published: December 2013

The present article aims at examining the legal value of advance directives in those cases where a patient cannot state his/her consent due to his/her being in a state of unconsciousness or temporary disability. In order to reach a conclusion about the issue at hand, I analyse Act 41/2002, 14 November, which regulates the patient’s autonomy in Spain. I then compare Act 41/2002 to some other legal documents that deal with this question, both in and outside Spain. Finally, I present my own views regarding the legal value of advance directives in the situation specified above. It is necessary to point out that Act 41/2002 does not limit the application of advance directives to borderline situations of life termination. In fact, the same denomination (‘advance directives’) covers two different situations. On the one hand, it covers the expression of a given patient’s will in relation to an extreme situation of life termination, where the patient is in a state of irreversible unconsciousness, completely dependent on others and being fed and hydrated artificially. On the other hand, it covers those cases where a patient is in a state of reversible unconsciousness that is temporary and can be reversed by applying the required medical treatment. The main conclusion reached in the present article is that advance directives do not have a binding value for doctors in the second situation, a view that is not shared by a good number of scholars, especially in the Common Law tradition. I support that view on the basis of the need to preserve the patient’s right to choose her treatment, which is guaranteed by the so-called ‘deduced consent’.
Acute Achilles Tendon Repair
Authors: Porter David A. , Barnes Adam F. , Rund Angela M. , Kaz Ari J. , Tyndall James A. , Millis Andrew A. 
Published: December 2013

Background: This is the first study to evaluate the effect of an acute bout of exercise on strength evaluation after Achilles tendon (AT) rupture and repair. Methods: Forty patients sustained an acute AT injury and met inclusion criteria for this study. At a minimum of 12 months after operative repair, patients were measured for (1) calf circumference, (2) bilateral isokinetic strength on a Cybex dynamometer before and after 30 minutes of walking at 70% maximal exertion, and (3) subjective evaluation by AAOS lower limb core and foot and ankle modules. Follow-up occurred at a mean of 32.4 ± 20.7 (range, 12-80) months after surgery, and patients were on average 44.4 ± 8.6 (range, 20-62) years old. One-tailed Student’s paired t tests analyzed significance for strength and fatigue between the involved and uninvolved ankle ( P < .05). Results: The calf circumference of the involved ankle was significantly smaller than the uninvolved ankle by 1.9 cm, or 4.7%. Plantarflexion deficits of the involved ankle ranged from 12% to 18% for peak torque ( P < .0001) and from 17% to 25% for work per repetition ( P < .0001), but both ankles fatigued at equal proportions as measured after exercise. Dorsiflexion strength of the involved ankle increased 6% to 11% for peak torque ( P = .070) and 1% to 25% for peak work ( P = .386). Reported AAOS lower limb core and foot and ankle scores averaged 99.8 and 96.0, respectively. Conclusion: After an AT rupture with repair, patients had less plantarflexion strength, and equal dorsiflexion strength in the operative leg compared to the uninvolved, normal leg. However, subjective results indicated near normal pain and function despite mild plantarflexion strength deficits. Dorsiflexion strength was normal after repair and remained normal even after an acute bout of exercise. Plantarflexion strength ratios postexercise remained similar to pre-exercise after acute exercise bouts. Athletes reported a “flat tire” feeling while running, which suggests a probable gait adjustment as cause for long-term plantarflexion strength deficits. Level of Evidence: Level III, cohort study.
Repair of Acute Extensor Hallucis Longus Tendon Injuries
Authors: Wong Justin C. , Daniel Joseph N. , Raikin Steven M. 
Published: December 2013

Background. Extensor hallucis longus (EHL) tendon injuries may occur with lacerations sustained over the dorsum of the foot and lead to hallux dysfunction. Primary repair is performed when tendon edges are opposable; however, if a gap exists between tendon edges, then reconstruction with tendon graft or tendon transfer may be necessary to restore hallux alignment and dorsiflexion. We describe the surgical technique and report the results on a large series of patients having undergone primary repair or reconstruction of EHL tendon lacerations. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing EHL tendon repair or reconstruction between January 2005 and May 2012. Information on patient demographics, mechanism of injury, time to surgery, intraoperative findings, surgical repair or reconstruction technique, and postoperative function were collected. Patients were contacted by telephone for administration of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux questionnaires. Results. Twenty of 23 patients undergoing EHL tendon repair or reconstruction were available for review at an average clinical follow-up of 12 months (range 3-89 months) and an average telephone follow-up of 5.1 years (range 1-10.4 years). Primary EHL repair was performed in 80% of cases, with the remaining patients undergoing reconstruction with deep tendon transfer of the extensor digitorum longus tendon from the second toe. At final follow-up, 19 of 20 patients had active hallux dorsiflexion. The average FAAM Activities of Daily Living score was 94.2% (range 58.3% to 100%) and the average FAAM Sports score was 94.2% (range 65.6% to 100%). Conclusion. Primary repair or reconstruction of EHL tendon lacerations is a reliable procedure that restores hallux alignment and function in most patients as measured by the validated FAAM questionnaire. Deep tendon transfer from the extensor digitorum longus may be performed if EHL tendon edges are not opposable thus eliminating the need for allograft reconstruction. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV, Case series
Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are required for effective T-cell expansion/survival during antiviral immunity in mice
Authors: Gentle Ian E. , Moelter Isabel , Lechler Nadja , Bambach Sarah , Vucikuja Smiljka , Häcker Georg , Aichele Peter 
Published: December 2013

Key Points
IAPs are required for survival and expansion of activated T cells. IAP antagonists sensitize to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cell death of activated T cells during viral infection.
Phylogenomics of fescue grass-derived fungal endophytes based on selected nuclear genes and the mitochondrial gene complement
Authors: Ekanayake Piyumi N , Rabinovich Maia , Guthridge Kathryn M , Spangenberg German C , Forster John W , Sawbridge Timothy I 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Tall fescue and meadow fescue are important as temperate pasture grasses, forming mutualistic associations with asexual Neotyphodium endophytes. The most frequently identified endophyte of Continental allohexaploid tall fescue is Neotyphodium coenophialum, while representatives of two other taxa (FaTG-2 and FaTG-3) have been described as colonising decaploid and Mediterranean hexaploid tall fescue, respectively. In addition, a recent study identified two other putatively novel endophyte taxa from Mediterranean hexaploid and decaploid tall fescue accessions, which were designated as uncharacterised Neotyphodium species (UNS) and FaTG-3-like respectively. In contrast, diploid meadow fescue mainly forms associations with the endophyte taxon Neotyphodium uncinatum, although a second endophyte taxon, termed N. siegelii, has also been described.

Results
Multiple copies of the translation elongation factor 1-a (tefA) and β-tubulin (tub2) ‘house-keeping’ genes, as well as the endophyte-specific perA gene, were identified for each fescue-derived endophyte taxon from whole genome sequence data. The assembled gene sequences were used to reconstruct evolutionary relationships between the heteroploid fescue-derived endophytes and putative ancestral sub-genomes derived from known sexual Epichloë species. In addition to the nuclear genome-derived genes, the complete mitochondrial genome (mt genome) sequence was obtained for each of the sequenced endophyte, and phylogenetic relationships between the mt genome protein coding gene complements were also reconstructed.

Conclusions
Complex and highly reticulated evolutionary relationships between Epichloë-Neotyphodium endophytes have been predicted on the basis of multiple nuclear genes and entire mitochondrial protein-coding gene complements, derived from independent assembly of whole genome sequence reads. The results are consistent with previous studies while also providing novel phylogenetic insights, particularly through inclusion of data from the endophyte lineage-specific gene, as well as affording evidence for the origin of cytoplasmic genomes. In particular, the results obtained from the present study imply the possible occurrence of at least two distinct E. typhina progenitors for heteropoid taxa, as well the ancestral contribution of an endophyte species distinct from (although related to) contemporary E. baconii to the extant hybrid species. Furthermore, the present study confirmed the distinct taxonomic status of the newly identified fescue endophyte taxa, FaTG-3-like and UNS, which are consequently proposed to be renamed FaTG4 and FaTG5, respectively.
Ceramides predict verbal memory performance in coronary artery disease patients undertaking exercise: a prospective cohort pilot study
Authors: Saleem Mahwesh , Ratnam Bandaru Veera V , Herrmann Nathan , Swardfager Walter , Mielke Michelle M , Oh Paul I , Shammi Prathiba , Kiss Alexander , Haughey Norman J , Rovinski Randal , Lanctôt Krista L 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with verbal memory decline, although deterioration may be mitigated in individuals undertaking exercise interventions. Ceramide sphingolipids, suggested to play a role in pathological neurodegeneration, have been associated with the development and progression of CAD but their relationship with cognitive response to exercise has not been assessed. In this study, concentrations of very long chain ceramides (C22:0 and C24:0) were assessed as predictors of changes in verbal memory performance over 1 year in subjects with CAD undertaking cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods
Verbal memory was measured using the California Verbal Learning Test 2nd Ed. (CVLT-II), from which Z-scores were calculated based on age, gender and education matched norms. Baseline plasma C22:0 and C24:0 ceramide concentrations were measured from fasting blood samples using high performance liquid chromatography coupled electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Repeated measures general linear models were used to determine the association between baseline plasma ceramides and the change in verbal memory performance over 1 year of CR controlling for age and body mass index (BMI).

Results
In patients with CAD (n = 33, mean age = 62 ± 9 years, 84.8% male, years of education = 17 ± 3 years), higher baseline plasma C22:0 (F1, 29 = 5.30, p = 0.03) and C24:0 (F1, 29 = 4.04, p = 0.05) concentrations significantly predicted less improvement in verbal memory performance over 1 year of CR controlling for age and BMI.

Conclusions
Plasma ceramide concentrations should be further examined as potential predictors of cognitive response to exercise and worse cognitive outcomes in patients with CAD.

Trial registration

NCT01625754
Hyponatremia and anti-diuretic hormone in Legionnaires’ disease
Authors: Schuetz Philipp , Haubitz Sebastian , Christ-Crain Mirjam , Albrich Werner C , Zimmerli Werner , Mueller Beat ,   the ProHOSP Study Group
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Medical textbooks often list Legionnaires’ disease as a differential diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) (SIADH), but evidence supporting this association is largely lacking. We tested the hypothesis whether hyponatremia in patients with Legionnaires’ disease would be caused by increased CT-ProVasopressin.

Methods
We measured CT-ProVasopressin and sodium levels in a prospective cohort of 873 pneumonia patients from a previous multicentre study with 27 patients having positive antigen tests for Legionella pneumophila.

Results
Patients with Legionnaires’ disease more frequently had low sodium levels (Na < 130 mmol/L) (44.4% vs 8.2%, p < 0.01), but similar mean CT-ProVasopressin levels (pmol/l) (39.4 [±7] vs 51.2 [±2.7], p = 0.43) as compared to patients with pneumonia of other etiologies. In patients with Legionnaires’ disease, CT-ProVasopressin levels showed a positive correlation with sodium (r = 0.42, p < 0.05). Independent of pneumonia etiology, CT-ProVasopressin correlated significantly with the pneumonia severity index (r = 0.56, p < 0.05), ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio per decile, 95% CI) (1.6, 1.2 - 2.0), and 30-day-mortality (1.8, 1.3 - 2.4).

Conclusion
While Legionnaires’ disease was associated with hyponatremia, no concurrent increase in CT-ProVasopressin levels was found, which argues against elevated ADH levels as the causal pathway to hyponatremia. Rather, Vasopressin precursors were upregulated as response to stress in severe disease, which seems to overrule the osmoregulatory regulation of ADH.
Inducing articular cartilage phenotype in costochondral cells
Authors: Murphy Meghan K , DuRaine Grayson D , Reddi A Hari , Hu Jerry C , Athanasiou Kyriacos A 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Costochondral cells may be isolated with minimal donor site morbidity and are unaffected by pathologies of the diarthrodial joints. Identification of optimal exogenous stimuli will allow abundant and robust hyaline articular cartilage to be formed from this cell source.

Methods
In a three factor, two level full factorial design, the effects of hydrostatic pressure (HP), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and chondroitinase ABC (C-ABC), and all resulting combinations, were assessed in third passage expanded, redifferentiated costochondral cells. After 4 wks, the new cartilage was assessed for matrix content, superficial zone protein (SZP), and mechanical properties.

Results
Hyaline articular cartilage was generated, demonstrating the presence of type II collagen and SZP, and the absence of type I collagen. TGF-β1 upregulated collagen synthesis by 175% and glycosaminoglycan synthesis by 75%, resulting in a nearly 200% increase in tensile and compressive moduli. C-ABC significantly increased collagen content, and fibril density and diameter, leading to a 125% increase in tensile modulus. Hydrostatic pressure increased fibril diameter by 30% and tensile modulus by 45%. Combining TGF-β1 with C-ABC synergistically increased collagen content by 300% and tensile strength by 320%, over control. No significant differences were observed between C-ABC/TGF-β1 dual treatment and HP/C-ABC/TGF-β1.

Conclusions
Employing biochemical, biophysical, and mechanical stimuli generated robust hyaline articular cartilage with a tensile modulus of 2 MPa and a compressive instantaneous modulus of 650 kPa. Using expanded, redifferentiated costochondral cells in the self-assembling process allows for recapitulation of robust mechanical properties, and induced SZP expression, key characteristics of functional articular cartilage.