bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity of Cetoniinae beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in introduced and native habitats in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Puker Anderson , Ad'Vincula Henrique L. , Korasaki Vanesca , Ferreira Felipe N. F. , Orozco Jesús 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe ecology of the beetles of the subfamily Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is relatively poorly known worldwide. In the neotropics in particular, there are far less studies than in other biogeographic regions. In part due to this lack of knowledge, cetoniines are not considered indicators of habitat quality in the Neotropical region. In this study, we compare the abundance, diversity, and species composition of cetoniines in three different habitats in Brazil: two exotic (Brachiaria pasturelands and eucalyptus plantation) and one native (Brazilian Atlantic Forest). We also provide diagnostic images of both sexes and of the genitalia of males of all species to facilitate species identification in further studies. The beetles were collected weekly from September to December 2012 with traps baited with fermented fruit, in five eucalyptus plantations (Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden), five exotic pasturelands (Brachiaria spp.), and five patches of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The abundance and diversity of cetoniines was found to be lower in the eucalyptus plantations and about the same in the forest and pasturelands. The low diversity found and the little information available on the ecology of Neotropical Cetoniinae is insufficient to propose these beetles as candidates for the habitat evaluation in Brazil.
Complication of diagnostic pleural aspiration: Is it of value in hemodialysis patients?
Authors: Corbett Richard W. , Ashby Damien R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPleural effusions are common in hemodialysis patients and are associated with significant morbidity. Diagnostic pleural aspiration and subsequent biochemical analysis can be used to differentiate exudates and transudates. In particular, Light's criteria have been validated in the general population although their efficacy in hemodialysis patients is unclear. Furthermore, aspiration is not without risk; we report the case of a life‐threatening thoracic bleed as a complication of diagnostic thoracocentesis in a hemodialysis patient, in whom a transudative effusion was misclassified according to Light's criteria. Retrospective examination of a further 22 aspirations in hemodialysis patients suggests that biochemical analysis of pleural fluid in this group is of limited value. Careful clinical and radiological assessment may be of greater value in determining individuals who may benefit from formal drainage, rather than diagnostic aspiration with its attendant risks.
Characterization of pulmonary cysts in Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome: histopathological and morphometric analysis of 229 pulmonary cysts from 50 unrelated patients
Authors: Kumasaka Toshio , Hayashi Takuo , Mitani Keiko , Kataoka Hideyuki , Kikkawa Mika , Tobino Kazunori , Kobayashi Etsuko , Gunji Yoko , Kunogi Makiko , Kurihara Masatoshi , Seyama Kuniaki 
Published: January 2014

AimsTo characterize the pathological features of pulmonary cysts, and to elucidate the possible mechanism of cyst formation in the lungs of patients with Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHDS), a tumour suppressor gene syndrome, using histological and morphometric analyses.Methods and resultsWe evaluated 229 lung cysts from 50 patients with BHDS and 117 from 34 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) for their number, size, location and absence or presence of inflammation. The BHDS cysts abutted on interlobular septa (88.2%) and had intracystic septa (13.6%) or protruding venules (39.5%) without cell proliferation or inflammation. The frequencies of these histological characteristics differed significantly from those seen in the lungs of patients with PSP (P < 0.05). Although the intrapulmonary BHDS cysts were smaller than the subpleural BHDS cysts (P < 0.001), there was no difference in size between them when there was no inflammation. The number of cysts diminished logarithmically and the proportion of cysts with inflammation increased as their individual sizes became greater (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results imply that the BHDS cysts are likely to develop in the periacinar region, an anatomically weak site in a primary lobule, where alveoli attach to connective tissue septa. We hypothesize that the BHDS cysts possibly expand in size as the alveolar walls disappear at the alveolar‐septal junction, and grow even larger when several cysts fuse.
Adhesion of resin‐based sealers to dentine: an atomic force microscopy study
Authors: do Prado M. , de Assis D. F. , Gomes B. P. F. A. , Simão R. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of several final irrigants on the adhesion force (Fad) between dentine and resin‐based sealers by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM).MethodologyTwelve distal roots of mandibular molars were used. The roots were smoothened and cut to obtain 36 specimens. During chemomechanical preparation of the root canals, 5.25% NaOCl was used as the irrigant. The specimens were then divided into six groups according to the final irrigant used: control group – immersed in distilled water (DW) for 1 min; chlorhexidine (CHX) group – in 2% CHX for 1 min; NaOCl group – in 5.25% NaOCl for 1 min; EDTA group – in 17% EDTA for 5 min, EDTA/CHX group – in EDTA, followed by intermediate flushing with DW and then immersed in CHX; EDTA/NaOCl group – in EDTA, followed by intermediate flushing with DW and then immersed in NaOCl. After the treatments, all groups were washed with DW to remove all traces of the irrigants. Afterwards, the samples were dried and attached to a glass base. AFM tips containing AH Plus and Real Seal SE sealers were used to obtain force–distance curves with regard to dentine‐treated surfaces. Data were analysed statistically using nonparametric tests with the significance level set at P < 0.05.ResultsIn the groups with smear layer, a final flush with CHX and NaOCl resulted in significantly higher Fad values than the control group for both sealers (P < 0.001). When smear layer was removed, the highest Fad values associated with AH Plus occurred with a final flush of NaOCl, whilst in Real Seal SE, the highest values were found with a final flush of CHX (all results significant at P < 0.001).ConclusionIrrigants had a positive effect on the adhesion of the resin‐based sealers, AH Plus and Real Seal SE, to dentine.
Effectiveness of an oral health program for mothers and their infants
Authors: Medeiros Patrícia B. V. , Otero Simone A. M. , Frencken Jo E. , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , Leal Soraya C. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe baby oral health program (bOHP) provides pregnant women and their future babies with oral care.AimTo assess the bOHP effectiveness by comparing caries prevalence in infants enrolled and not enrolled in the oral health program (OHP).DesignMothers who had been invited to participate in the bOHP from 2006 to 2009 were contacted. Two groups were formed: 87 pairs of mothers and infants who effectively participated in the OHP (G1) and 107 pairs who did not (G2). Mothers and infants were given a dental examination. Socio‐economic status (SES) and education level (EL) questionnaires were completed. t‐tests and multivariate logistic regression were used in analyzing data.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed in the mean age of mothers (G1 = 33.8 years; G2 = 35.6 years; P = 0.015) and mean decayed, missed and filled surface (DMFS) score (G1 = 24.71; G2 = 32.58; P < 0.001), not in SES (P = 0.758) and EL (P = 0.109). Mean age and mean dmfs scores of G1 and G2 children were 4.2 and 4.4 years (P = 0.068), and 0.25 and 4.12 (P < 0.001), respectively. The odds ratio (OR) for children in G2 to develop dentine lesions, as opposed to those in G1, was 48.56.ConclusionThe bOHP was effective in preventing caries in infants enrolled in the program.
A New Blue‐Emitting Phosphor of Ce3+‐Activated Fluorosilicate Apatite Ba2Y3[SiO4]3F
Authors: Yu Ruijin , Li Hongjuan , Ma Hailong , Wang Caifeng , Wang Huan 
Published: January 2014

Blue‐emitting phosphor of Ce3+‐activated fluorosilicate apatite Ba2Y3[SiO4]3F was prepared via conventional solid‐state reaction method. The X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra, and the decay curves (lifetimes) were applied to characterize the phosphors. The effects of Ce3+ activator concentration on the luminescence properties were investigated. Ba2Y2.85Ce0.15[SiO4]3F exhibits the brightest blue emission with CIE coordinates of (x = 0.231, y = 0.301). The crystallographic site of Ce3+ ions in Ba2Y3[SiO4]3F lattices was identified. Two kinds of crystallographic Ce3+ occupying MI and MII sites in Ba2Y3[SiO4]3F lattices result in two distinct emission centers. The internal PL quantum efficiency, the temperature‐dependent luminescence, and the activation energy of thermal quenching were investigated to evaluate the potential application. This is a new kind of blue‐emitting phosphor based on apatite structure.
The People AgainstEurope: The Eurosceptic Challenge to theUnitedKingdom's Coalition Government
Authors: Gifford Chris 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article approachesEuroscepticism as central to a contemporary dynamic of government and opposition. PopulistEurosceptic mobilizations exemplify opposition to depoliticized forms of political rule and demonstrate the tight political coupling of the national and theEuropean. In the case of theUnitedKingdom, a depoliticized post‐imperial governing approach to European integration has proved highly contested. From this perspective, the article examines the recent politics ofEurope under the coalition government (from 2010 to 2013) as a period ofEurosceptic mobilization that successfully challengesEuropean policy. What on the surface appears to be a problem of party management for theConservative leadership is more accurately understood as a broader conflict between government and a populistEurosceptic opposition. The outcome of this conflict is to further embed hardEuroscepticism withinBritish politics to the point where maintaining governing autonomy onEurope is severely constrained, if not unfeasible.
Non‐invasive in vivo imaging by confocal laser scanning microscopy of gingival tissues following natural plaque deposition
Authors: Eberhard Jörg , Loewen Hendrik , Krüger Alexander , Donner Sabine , Stumpp Nico , Patzlaff Mandy , Stachs Oliver , Reichard Maria , Ripken Tammo , Heisterkamp Alexander , Stiesch Meike 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimImaging with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) generates high‐resolution images and may be well suited for basic research in Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. The present study was aimed to explore the in vivo application of CLSM in experimentally induced gingivitis.Materials and MethodsTen subjects were recruited and were advised to stop any oral hygiene of the upper front teeth for 7 days. The gingival tissues were observed using a Heidelberg Retina Tomograph combined with a Rostock Cornea Module at baseline and day 7. The system used a laser of 670 nm and the contrast was given by backscattering from different tissues. Each examination created 800–1200 images that were descriptively analysed.ResultsAfter 7 days of abandoned oral hygiene, plaque scores and bleeding frequencies increased. By using CLSM images tooth hard substances, cells and plaque deposits were distinguishable. Increased epithelial cell irregularities, the apical migration of the sulcular epithelium, cellular infiltrates within the sulcus and plaque deposits were observed at day 7.ConclusionsThe present study showed for the first time that CLSM is suitable for in vivo imaging of the gingival sulcus and adjacent tissues.
Outcomes of autotransplanted teeth with complete root formation: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chung Wen‐Chen , Tu Yu‐Kang , Lin Yi‐Hung , Lu Hsein‐Kun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimIn this review, we assessed clinical outcomes of autotransplanted teeth with complete root formation and the effects of various influencing factors.Materials and MethodsPubmed, Scopus, Google scholar and a hand search were used to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies and case series till February 2013. Using multilevel Poisson regression, the annual failure rate (FR), 1‐year and 5‐year survival rates (SRs), infection‐related root resorption rate (RR), ankylosis rate (AR), the influences of systemic antibiotics (SAs), endodontic and splinting modalities and donor tooth morphology were analysed. Failure was defined as a transplant being lost during follow‐up.ResultsTwenty‐six studies were included. The estimated FR, RR, AR, 1‐ and 5‐year SRs were 2.0%, 2.1%, 1.2%, 98.0% and 90.5%, respectively. The estimated FR was higher in the absence of SA, suture splinting, wire splinting ≤14 days and posterior donors. The estimated RR was higher in the absence of SA, endodontic treatment within post‐operative 14 days and anterior/premolar donors. The estimated AR was higher with wire splinting and premolar donors.ConclusionsTooth autotransplantation with complete root formation is a favourable treatment with rare FR, RR and AR. However, SAs, endodontic and splinting modalities and tooth morphology seemed to influence the outcomes.
Secukinumab improves hand, foot and nail lesions in moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis: subanalysis of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, regimen‐finding phase 2 trial
Authors: Paul C. , Reich K. , Gottlieb A.B. , Mrowietz U. , Philipp S. , Nakayama J. , Harfst E. , Guettner A. , Papavassilis C. ,   the CAIN457A2211 study group
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis affecting sites such as the hands, feet and nails can be particularly difficult to treat. There are limited data on the efficacy of biological agents to treat these specific localizations.ObjectiveThis analysis of a phase 2 regimen‐finding study evaluated the efficacy of secukinumab in subjects with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis and non‐pustular involvement of the hands, feet and/or nails.MethodsSubjects were randomized (1 : 2 : 2 : 1) to one of three subcutaneous secukinumab 150‐mg induction regimens [Single (Week 0), Monthly (Weeks 0, 4, 8), Early (Weeks 0, 1, 2, 4)] or placebo. In the subgroup (n = 131) with hand and/or foot psoriasis [baseline 5‐point hand/foot Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score ≥2], efficacy was assessed as percentage of subjects achieving an IGA response [a score of 0 (clear) or 1 (minimal) and an improvement of ≥2 points on the 5‐point hand/foot scale vs. baseline] at Week 12. In the subgroup (n = 304) with fingernail psoriasis (baseline composite score ≥1), efficacy was assessed as mean percentage change from baseline to Week 12 in a composite score.ResultsAt Week 12, a markedly higher percentage of subjects with hand and/or foot psoriasis achieved an IGA response with the Early regimen vs. placebo (54.3% vs. 19.2%, P = 0.005). The composite fingernail score improved with the Early and Monthly regimens, but worsened with placebo [percentage mean change from baseline (SE): −19.1% (6.12) and −10.6% (7.06) vs. 14.4% (11.92); P = 0.010 vs. placebo for Early, P = 0.027 for Monthly). Secukinumab was well tolerated.ConclusionSecukinumab demonstrated a beneficial effect on psoriasis of the hands/feet/nails in this short‐term assessment.
Artificial diets used in mass production of the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax
Authors: Chen H. , Chaudhury M. F. , Sagel A. , Phillips P. L. , Skoda S. R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), has been eradicated from North and Central America using the sterile insect technique. This success has been based on mass production of high‐quality screwworms using artificial diets since 1958. Many diet formulations for both larvae and adults have been developed, mainly driven by cost efficiency and material supply. However, only four larval and two adult diet formulations have been applied in the six sterile fly mass production plants in the USA, Mexico and Panama. Herein, we briefly review the history of screwworm diet research and development, introduce the diet formulations used in mass rearing and discuss their advantages and disadvantages in terms of plant application. Finally, we propose future research on screwworm nutrition, potential protein sources, feeding stimulants, further optimization of screwworm formulations and possible methods to reduce the negative qualities of waste generated during the mass production.
Drosophila suzukii in Michigan vineyards, and the first report of Zaprionus indianus from this region
Authors: Van Timmeren S. , Isaacs R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDrosophila suzukii is a new invasive pest that in recent years has become established in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Understanding the level of infestation in potentially susceptible crops is an important first step for planning appropriate management responses. This study was conducted in 2010–2012 to determine the infestation potential of this pest in native Vitis labrusca, French hybrid and V. vinifera grape cultivars grown in Michigan vineyards. Drosophila suzukii adults were reared out of collected grape samples in all 3 years, comprising a low proportion of all emerged drosophilids in each of the years. This trend was also found in vacuum sampling, conducted in 2011, with the majority of flies collected being non‐D. suzukii drosophilids. Another recently introduced invasive fly species, Zaprionus indianus, was also reared out of grape samples collected in 2012. While the results of this study indicate no immediate threats to commercial grape production from D. suzukii, further research is needed to elucidate possible secondary effects that this species may have on vineyards, such as the introduction of diseases to the fruit.
Transport, signaling, and homeostasis of potassium and sodium in plants
Authors: Adams Eri , Shin Ryoung 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPotassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient in plants and a lack of K+ significantly reduces the potential for plant growth and development. By contrast, sodium (Na+), while beneficial to some extent, at high concentrations it disturbs and inhibits various physiological processes and plant growth. Due to their chemical similarities, some functions of K+ can be undertaken by Na+ but K+ homeostasis is severely affected by salt stress, on the other hand. Recent advances have highlighted the fascinating regulatory mechanisms of K+ and Na+ transport and signaling in plants. This review summarizes three major topics: (i) the transport mechanisms of K+ and Na+ from the soil to the shoot and to the cellular compartments; (ii) the mechanisms through which plants sense and respond to K+ and Na+ availability; and (iii) the components involved in maintenance of K+/Na+ homeostasis in plants under salt stress.
Spontaneous and experimental malignancies in non‐human primates
Authors: Lapin Boris A. , Yakovleva Lelita A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractContrary to earlier established opinion that tumors in monkeys are found rarely, now the large material confirms that monkey tumors are frequent phenomenon. Tumor incidence clearly increases with age. Frequencies of benign and malignant tumors of various locations and histogenesis are slightly different. Tumors of hematopoietic system are the most frequent. Sporadic cases and enzootic outbreaks of lymphomas are described for different kinds of monkeys, including apes, and probably are caused by viruses. Two viruses were isolated by us from sick monkeys – the retrovirus C‐type STLV‐1 and the herpes virus papio HVP. Inoculation of virus cultures into monkeys and rabbits induces neoplasms. Monkey neoplasms can be induced by exposure to various chemical agents, and by oncogenic and non‐oncogenic viruses. There is no strict species specificity of tumor viruses. The role of polyoma viruses in neoplasms etiology is discussed.
Mentoring, coaching and action learning: interventions in a national clinical leadership development programme
Authors: McNamara Martin S , Fealy Gerard M , Casey Mary , O'Connor Tom , Patton Declan , Doyle Louise , Quinlan Christina 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate mentoring, coaching and action learning interventions used to develop nurses' and midwives' clinical leadership competencies and to describe the programme participants' experiences of the interventions.BackgroundMentoring, coaching and action learning are effective interventions in clinical leadership development and were used in a new national clinical leadership development programme, introduced in Ireland in 2011. An evaluation of the programme focused on how participants experienced the interventions.DesignA qualitative design, using multiple data sources and multiple data collection methods.MethodsMethods used to generate data on participant experiences of individual interventions included focus groups, individual interviews and nonparticipant observation. Seventy participants, including 50 programme participants and those providing the interventions, contributed to the data collection.ResultsMentoring, coaching and action learning were positively experienced by participants and contributed to the development of clinical leadership competencies, as attested to by the programme participants and intervention facilitators.ConclusionsThe use of interventions that are action‐oriented and focused on service development, such as mentoring, coaching and action learning, should be supported in clinical leadership development programmes. Being quite different to short attendance courses, these interventions require longer‐term commitment on the part of both individuals and their organisations.Relevance to clinical practiceIn using mentoring, coaching and action learning interventions, the focus should be on each participant's current role and everyday practice and on helping the participant to develop and demonstrate clinical leadership skills in these contexts.
Timing interventions in relation to temporomandibular joint closed lock duration: a systematic review of ‘locking duration’
Authors: Al‐Baghdadi M. , Durham J. , Steele J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTemporomandibular joint (TMJ) ‘closed lock’ (CL) is a clinical condition causing TMJ pain and limited mouth opening (painful locking) that is mostly attributed to disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR), or less commonly to anchored disc phenomenon (ADP). Both conditions are described clinically as CL that can be ‘acute’ or ‘chronic’ depending on the duration of locking. There is, however, no consensus about the duration of locking that defines the acute state and its effect on the success of interventions. This review paper, therefore, aims to provide: (i) a narrative review of the pathophysiological need for early intervention in DDwoR and the clinical implications of acute/chronic CL stages on the management pathway; (ii) a systematic review investigating the effects of locking duration on the success of interventions for CL management. Electronic and manual searches until mid‐August 2013 were conducted for English‐language studies of any design investigating the effects of non‐surgical and surgical interventions for acute or chronic CL (DDwoR or ADP). A total of 626 records were identified, and 113 studies were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were completed for all included studies. Included studies were, however, heterogeneous and mostly of poor‐quality leading to contradictory and inconsistent evidence on the effect of the duration of locking on treatment outcomes. Future high‐quality trials investigating the effect of CL duration on treatment outcome are needed. At present, early intervention by ‘unlock’ mandibular manipulation seems to be the most practical and realistic approach that can be attempted first in every CL patient as an initial diagnostic/therapeutic approach.