bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of preterm birth among reproductive age women in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey data-2019-2022
Authors: Tekeba Berhan , Techane Masersha Asmare , Workneh Belayneh Shetie , Zegeye Alebachew Ferede , Gonete Almaz Tefera , Ahmed Medina Abdela , Wassie Yilkal Abebaw , Wassie Mulugeta , Kassie Alemneh Tadesse , Ali Mohammed Seid , Mekonen Enyew Getaneh , Tamir Tadesse Tarik , Tsega Sintayehu Simie 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Preterm birth is the leading cause of both infant and neonatal mortality. It also had long-term consequences for the physical and neurological development of a growing child. The majority of these and related problems occur in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, due to resource scarcity to sustain the lives of premature babies. Despite this, there is a paucity of recent information on the pooled prevalence and factors associated with preterm birth in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to update the pooled prevalence and determinants of preterm birth in sub-Saharan Africa based on the most recent Demographic and Health Survey data.

Methods
A cross-sectional study design using the most recent demographic and health survey data from eight sub-Saharan African countries was used. We included a total weighted sample of 74,871 reproductive-aged women who gave birth in the five years preceding the survey. We used a multilevel logistic regression model to identify associated factors of preterm birth in sub-Saharan Africa. The adjusted odds ratio at 95% Cl was computed to assess the strength and significance of the association between explanatory and outcome variables. Factors with a p-value of <0.05 are declared statistically significant.

Results
In this study, the pooled prevalence of preterm birth among reproductive-aged women in eight sub-Saharan African countries was 3.11% (95% CI: 2.98–3.25). Working mothers (AOR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38–0.97), being married (AOR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.40–0.99), and having media exposure (AOR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36–0.96) decrease the odds of preterm birth. On the other hand, being low birth weight (AOR = 17.7; 95% CI: 10.7–29.3), having multiple pregnancies (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.82–6.45), having a history of terminated pregnancies (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.01–2.41), being un-educated (AOR = 3.16; 95% CI: 1.12–8.93), being of a maternal age above 35 (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.08–2.45), maternal alcohol use (AOR = 19.18; 95% CI: 13.6–38.8), and being in the low socio-economic status (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.11–3.07) of the community increase the odds of preterm birth.

Conclusion
The burden of preterm birth among reproductive-age women in sub-Saharan Africa showed improvements as compared to previous findings. To further lessen the burden, policymakers and other pertinent organizations must prioritize maternal health, expand media access, educate and empower women, and promote a healthy lifestyle for reproductive-age women.
Changes in blood catecholamines during induction of general anesthesia in patients with post-induction hypotension undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A single-center prospective cohort study
Authors: Yao Yi , Kong Xia , Chen Xuhui , Zhang Yingying , Liu Xueru , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: June 2024

Background
Post-induction hypotension (PIH) often occurs during general anesthesia induction. This study aimed to investigate blood catecholamine levels during induction of general anesthesia in patients with PIH undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods
This prospective study included 557 adult patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. PIH was defined as a greater than 20% decrease in systolic blood pressure from the pre-induction value, a systolic arterial pressure of less than 90 mmHg, or both. Plasma concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine during the induction of general anesthesia were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated the association between the clinical factors and PIH.

Results
Of the 557 patients, 390 had PIH, and the remaining 167 were allocated to the non-PIH group. Changes in blood adrenaline, noradrenaline levels, or both were more pronounced in the PIH than in the non-PIH group (p<0.05). Age, body mass index, a history of hypertension, preoperative systolic blood pressure, and propofol or sufentanil dose were independent predictors of PIH.

Conclusion
The changes of blood catecholamines in patients with more stable hemodynamics during the induction of general anesthesia are smaller than that in patients with post-induction hypotension.

Trial registration
ChiCTR2200055549, 12/01/2022.
Improvement in inpatient discharge planning for patients with alcohol use disorder with the implementation of a team-based multidisciplinary workflow
Authors: Abiri Parinaz , Jeong Il Seok Daniel , Verdell Amber , Shah Shivani , Entabi Rana , Nguyen Hoanglong 
Published: June 2024

Background
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major economic and healthcare burden in the United States. While there is evidence-based medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for AUD, few physicians implement these therapies on a regular basis.

Objective
To determine the impact of a pharmacy-guided AUD discharge planning workflow on the rate of MAT prescriptions and inpatient readmissions.

Methods
This was a single-centered pre-and-post intervention study over a 6-month period, with a 90-day pre-intervention period and a 90-day post-intervention period. The study included all patients over the age of 18 years admitted to a medicine or surgery floor bed who presented with alcohol withdrawal at any point during their hospital course. The intervention involved a pharmacy workflow, in which a list of patients admitted with alcohol withdrawal was automatically generated and referred to pharmacists, who then provided recommendations to the primary physician regarding prescriptions for naltrexone, acamprosate, and/or gabapentin. The patients were then contacted within 30 days after discharge for post-hospitalization follow-up. Our outcome measures were change in prescription rate of MATs, change in total and alcohol-related 90-day readmission rates, and change in total and alcohol-related 90-day emergency department (ED) visit rates.

Results
The pre-intervention period consisted of 49 patients and the post-intervention period consisted of 41 patients. Our workflow demonstrated a 195% increase in the prescription rate of MATs at discharge (p < 0.001), 61% reduction in 90-day total readmission rate (p < 0.05), 40% reduction in 90-day total ED visit rate (p = 0.09), 92% reduction in 90-day alcohol-related readmission rate (p < 0.05), and 88% reduction in 90-day alcohol-related ED visit rate (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our intervention demonstrated that a pharmacy-based AUD discharge planning workflow has the potential to reduce inpatient readmissions and ED visits for patients with AUD, thus demonstrating improved patient outcomes with the potential to reduce healthcare costs.
The Continuity Of Shinto Theatrical Dance in Aging Society Era: Case Study Of Kagura Dance Revitalization in Matsumae City Hokkaido
Authors: Serang Manuela Bernarda , Srimulyani Nunuk Endah 
Published: June 2024

The Kagura dance is a sacred, theatrical dance to entertain the Shinto gods. In several areas, including the city of Matsumae, Hokkaido island, this dance is threatened with extinction due to a lack of the next generation. Using an ethnographic approach, this research aims to describe the development of the Kagura dance and efforts to revitalize the dance amidst the aging society phenomenon that has hit Japan. The data collection techniques used were observation and in-depth interviews. Researchers observed the preparation process for the dance festival for six months and conducted interviews with Shinto priests, local Education and Culture Service employees, and hotel employees to gather data. The research results show that the potential extinction of the Kagura dance is mainly caused by the reduction in the young population because most of the population urbanizes to study and work in big cities. The revitalization strategy that has been carried out is establishing the Kagura Matsumae preservation body which oversees the Matsumae shrine, the Kagura Kiyobe Preservation Society, the Haraguchi Preservation Society, and teaching the locality of Matsumae City from elementary to middle school students. The effort has a positive impact on student's awareness of preserving Kagura dance. Some students have joined and become the main members of the Kagura Preservation Body. Since the majority of people moved to the urban areas, the revitalization effort has not been completely successful. However, it can be seen that the city government's awareness and efforts are very high to maintain traditional culture.
Optimal global second-order regularity and improved integrability for parabolic equations with variable growth
Authors: Arora Rakesh , Shmarev Sergey 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We consider the homogeneous Dirichlet problem for the parabolic equation

u

t

−
div

(

∣

∇

u
∣

p

(

x
,
t

)

−
2

∇

u

)

=
f

(

x
,
t

)

+
F

(

x
,
t
,
u
,

∇

u

)

{u}_{t}-{\rm{div}}({| \nabla u| }^{p\left(x,t)-2}\nabla u)=f\left(x,t)+F\left(x,t,u,\nabla u)

in the cylinder

Q

T

≔
Ω
×

(

0
,
T

)

{Q}_{T}:= \Omega \times \left(0,T)

, where

Ω
⊂

R

N

\Omega \subset {{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}

,

N
≥
2

N\ge 2

, is a

C

2

{C}^{2}

-smooth or convex bounded domain. It is assumed that

p
∈

C

0
,
1

(

Q

¯

T

)

p\in {C}^{0,1}\left({\overline{Q}}_{T})

is a given function and that the nonlinear source

F

(

x
,
t
,
s
,
ξ

)

F\left(x,t,s,\xi )

has a proper power growth with respect to

s

s

and

ξ

\xi

. It is shown that if

p

(

x
,
t

)

>

2

(

N
+
1

)

N
+
2

p\left(x,t)\gt \frac{2\left(N+1)}{N+2}

,

f
∈

L

2

(

Q

T

)

f\in {L}^{2}\left({Q}_{T})

,

∣

∇

u

0

∣

p

(

x
,
0

)

∈

L

1

(

Ω

)

{| \nabla {u}_{0}| }^{p\left(x,0)}\in {L}^{1}\left(\Omega )

, then the problem has a solution

u
∈

C

0

(

[

0
,
T

]

;

L

2

(

Ω

)

)

u\in {C}^{0}\left(\left[0,T];\hspace{0.33em}{L}^{2}\left(\Omega ))

with

∣

∇

u
∣

p

(

x
,
t

)

∈

L

∞

(

0
,
T
;

L

1

(

Ω

)

)

{| \nabla u| }^{p\left(x,t)}\in {L}^{\infty }\left(0,T;\hspace{0.33em}{L}^{1}\left(\Omega ))

,

u

t

∈

L

2

(

Q

T

)

{u}_{t}\in {L}^{2}\left({Q}_{T})

, obtained as the limit of solutions to the regularized problems in the parabolic Hölder space. The solution possesses the following global regularity properties:

∣

∇

u
∣

2

(

p

(

x
,
t

)

−
1

)

+
r

∈

L

1

(

Q

T

)

,

for any
0
<
r
<

4

N
+
2

,

∣

∇

u
∣

p

(

x
,
t

)

−
2

∇

u
∈

L

2

(

0
,
T
;

W

1
,
2

(

Ω

)

)

N

.

{| \nabla u| }^{2\left(p\left(x,t)-1)+r}\in {L}^{1}\left({Q}_{T}),\hspace{1.0em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{for any\hspace{0.5em}}0\lt r\lt \frac{4}{N+2}\text{}\hspace{0.1em},\hspace{1.0em}{| \nabla u| }^{p\left(x,t)-2}\nabla u\in {L}^{2}{\left(0,T;{W}^{1,2}\left(\Omega ))}^{N}.
Prescriptive analytics for low and high water management in German waterways
Authors: Brum Marianne , Meißner Dennis , Klein Bastian , Hohenrainer Jochen , Schwanenberg Dirk , Patzke Simone 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The real-time management of multi-purpose storage reservoirs aims at an efficient operation of existing hydraulic infrastructure. This management process can be structured as a prescriptive analytics setup that considers both current and predicted system states to recommend actions and outline potential implications. In application to a reservoir and river system, it combines hydrological modelling components for the system schematization, observations and data assimilation for the identification of the current system state, meteorological and hydrological predictions as well as optimization-based techniques to support decision-making regarding reservoir operations. In this paper, we present the application of such a framework to the short-term management of the Eder and Diemel storage reservoirs. These reservoirs are operated by the German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration (WSV) with the primary goal to support navigation in the River Weser during low flow periods. In addition, partially conflicting objectives such as flood protection, energy generation and recreation are considered. The implementation includes an explicit consideration of forecast uncertainty and its impact on the decision-making by using probabilistic forecasts in combination with a multi-stage stochastic optimization approach. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach based on low and high water use cases. Special attention is paid on the benefits of the probabilistic forecast in combination with the multi-stage stochastic optimization versus a deterministic setup. It provides an explicit translation of the forecast uncertainty in the decision variables, in this case the reservoir releases helping the operators to better anticipate the range of future release decisions. Furthermore, the stochastic approach is expected to provide more stable decisions in an operational setting, based on more stable forecasts by considering various possible realizations of the future instead of picking a single one, which gets random after 4–5 days.
Effect of GFRP bar length on the flexural behavior of hybrid concrete beams strengthened with NSM bars
Authors: Al-Katib Haider A. A. , AL-Turaihi Ali A. A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This project aims to investigate the effect of near-surface-mounted glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars strengthening on the flexural behavior of hybrid reinforced concrete beams. Seven beams were made; one of these specimens had no strengthening and is considered as a reference beam. The other models were strengthened using near-surface-mounted GFRP bars at the bottom of beams with different lengths (0.5, 0.75, and 1) of effective span beams and diameters (8 and 12 mm) of GFRP bars. The beam length was 2,200 mm with 150 mm width and 240 mm depth. The flexural reinforcement consists of 2 φ12 steel bars at the tension zone and 2 φ12 at the compression zone for all beams. Furthermore, to resist shear forces, φ12 steel bars were used, distributed along the length of the beams spaced at 125 mm c/c; two-point loads on the beams with 500 mm between them were applied at the mid-span. The investigated characteristics were cracking and failure load, crack width, deflection, and failure patterns. By examining the models, it was found that there is an improvement in failure load range from 11.54 to 53.84% relative to the control.
Behavior of container berth structure under the influence of environmental and operational loads
Authors: Jarih Ibtisam Ahmed , Atalla Abdulamir , Galeb Alaa C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Container docks, which are an essential component of the marine berth, are exposed to loads from various sources, such as self-weight, operation, and environment. In this study, four sets of combined loads to which the container berth is exposed were selected at the Um-Qaser Port in southern Iraq. The berth was constructed more than 40 years ago, which has to be verified according to latest specifications, and each set of combined loads was analyzed in three cases. In the first case, the piles were assumed to be fixed at the seabed, and in the second and third cases the piles were modeled as embedded in elastic and elasto-plastic sandy soil, respectively. The general-purpose finite-element software ABAQUS was used to model the various components to determine the maximum stresses, displacements, axial forces, shear forces, and bending moments due to dead, live, operate, berthing, mooring, waves, and seismic loads. It has been demonstrated that the impact loads of ships have a more significant impact on the structure compared to other loads. The calculated displacement when the piles are assumed to be fixed at the seabed level may be reduced by 50–94% of that calculated when the soil is modeled, meaning that assuming fixed piles yields inaccurate results, especially for deck displacements. However, this assumption was verified to yield reasonable results for shear forces at the pile head. It could also be noted that the elasto-plastic model of soil was more sensitive than the elastic model in displacement by 0.4–8% and bending moment by 0.3–34%, while it is less sensitive in axial force by 3–8%. The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge on the behavior and efficiency of container berth under the influence of different loads and the environmental conditions surrounding it.
Scenic communication in specialized communication
Authors: Roelcke Thorsten 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Scenic communication does not only appear in drama and theater, but also within specialized or professional communication. For this reason, a model of communication in drama and theater is first taken up here, which in turn is based on a simple model of linguistic or specialized communication. Following this, scenic communication in specialized communication is recorded and described using a few more or less prototypical examples. Three types are distinguished, which can be supplemented by further constellation.
Demicompact linear operator. Essential pseudospectra and perturbation
Authors: Ammar Aymen , Daoud Houcem , Jeribi Aref 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we give new results on demicompact linear operators, study some properties and some results on Fredholm and upper semi-Fredholm relations involving demicompact operators. Our results are used to provide a fine description of the essential pseudospectra.
Wave propagation on hexagonal lattices
Authors: Kapanadze David , Pesetskaya Ekaterina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We consider propagation of two-dimensional waves on the infinite hexagonal (honeycomb) lattice. Namely, we study the discrete Helmholtz equation in hexagonal lattices without and with a boundary. It is shown that for some configurations these problems can be equivalently reduced to similar problems for the triangular lattice. Based on this fact, new results are obtained for the existence and uniqueness of the solution in the case of the real wave number

k
∈

(
0
,

6

)

∖

{

2

,

3

,
2
}

{k\in(0,\sqrt{6})\setminus\{\sqrt{2},\sqrt{3},2\}}

for the non-homogeneous Helmholtz equation in hexagonal lattices with no boundaries and the real wave number

k
∈

(
0
,

2

)

∪

(
2
,

6

)

{k\in(0,\sqrt{2})\cup(2,\sqrt{6})}

for the exterior Dirichlet problem.
Inverse problems for the eigenparameter Dirac operator with complex weight
Authors: Zhang Ran , Wang Kai , Yang Chuan-Fu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Inverse spectral problems are considered for the discontinuous Dirac operator with complex-value weight and the spectral parameter boundary conditions.
We investigate some properties of spectral characteristics and show that the potential can be uniquely determined by the Weyl-type function or by two spectra on the whole interval.
A numerical approach for solving nonlinear fractional Klein–Gordon equation with applications in quantum mechanics
Authors: Srinivasa Kumbinarasaiah , Mulimani Mallanagoud , Adel Waleed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a numerical approach for solving the nonlinear fractional Klein–Gordon equation (FKGE), a model of significant importance in simulating nonlinear waves in quantum mechanics. Our method combines the Bernoulli wavelet collocation scheme with a functional integration matrix to obtain approximate solutions for the proposed model. Initially, we transform the main problem into a system of algebraic equations, which we solve using the Newton–Raphson method to extract the unknown coefficients and achieve the desired approximate solution. To theoretically validate our method, we conduct a comprehensive convergence analysis, demonstrating its uniform convergence. We perform numerical experiments on various examples with different parameters, presenting the results through tables and figures. Our findings indicate that employing more terms in the utilized techniques enhances accuracy. Furthermore, we compare our approach with existing methods from the literature, showcasing its performance in terms of computational cost, convergence rate, and solution accuracy. These examples illustrate how our techniques yield better approximate solutions for the nonlinear model at a low computational cost, as evidenced by the calculated CPU time and absolute error. Additionally, our method consistently provides better accuracy than other methods from the literature, suggesting its potential for solving more complex problems in physics and other scientific disciplines.
Phase composition and stability of Gd2−x
Th
x
Zr2O7 under extreme conditions
Authors: Svitlyk Volodymyr , Weiss Stephan , Garbarino Gaston , Hübner René , Worbs Andreas , Huittinen Nina , Hennig Christoph 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction of Th into synthetic disordered fluorite-type Gd2Zr2O7 induces a transition to an ordered pyrochlore-type phase at a Th concentration of 10 % at the Gd site (Gd1.8Th0.2Zr2O7 composition). The degree of order of the fluorite-type phase reaches 50 % for a Th concentration of 25 % (Gd1.5Th0.5Zr2O7 composition). Upon application of high pressure, the Gd2Zr2O7 phase retains the fluorite-type structure until 33 GPa (K
0 = 167(1) GPa), where it undergoes reversible amorphization. The Gd1.7Th0.3Zr2O7 phase was found to be stable up to at least a pressure of 25 GPa (K
0 = 169(3) GPa). Upon heating to T
max of 1135 K, the Gd2Zr2O7 phase retains its disordered fluorite-type structural arrangement (α = 3.03 × 10−5 K−1). The excellent stability of the Gd2−x
Th
x
Zr2O7 phases under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure makes Gd2Zr2O7 a promising candidate as a host matrix for radioactive elements for safe long-term underground storage of nuclear waste.
A field research on Accommodation Tax
Authors: Öztürk Dilan , Saygın Özgür 
Published: June 2024

Law No. 7194, Digital Service Tax and Certain Laws and Law No. 375 on the Turkish Tax System With the Law on the Amendment of the Decree Law, a new tax calculated on the cost of accommodation services was introduced. The impact of the Accommodation Tax, which has been in practice for a short period, on citizens is essential. On 01.01.2023, 1,020 people were surveyed to obtain their opinions on the Accommodation Tax that was put into effect. It is seen that some of the demographic and preferential characteristics of the respondents in terms of gender, age, marital status, educational status, occupational status, number of annual vacations, accommodation preferences and income status differ significantly within themselves. In contrast, their opinions on the Accommodation Tax do not differ in some variables.