bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do mandatory emergency medicine rotations contribute to the junior residents' professional identity formation: A qualitative study.
Authors: Yamamoto Ichita , Obara Haruo , Verstegen Daniëlle 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study aims to investigate the impact of short-term mandatory emergency medicine rotations on the professional identity formation of Japanese junior residents. This rotation is part of a two-year Junior residency in the transition period from students to qualified physicians.
Methods:
We conducted a qualitative study conducting semi-structured face-to-face interviews with Year 1 postgraduate residents in the 2020–2021 classes of the junior residency program in Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Japan (n = 10). The data obtained from the interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis to identify the themes regarding professional identity formation.
Results:
Four main themes regarding professional identity formation emerged from the data analysis: patient care, teamwork, role models, and peers. Junior residents said they had the opportunity to participate in the emergency department community and experience training in authentic clinical contexts. Clinical exposure influenced the professional identity formation of the junior residents. Nurses and peers played a crucial role in this. Junior residents see the training in the emergency department as the beginning of their careers.
Conclusion:
Clinical exposure in emergency medicine cultivates junior residents’ professional identity. They engaged in the community of emergency medicine.
State-Wise Literacy Rates in India: Analyzing Regional Disparities, Gender Gaps, and Policy Impacts
Authors: SWARGIARY KHRITISH 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Literacy is a fundamental human right and a key indicator of socio-economic development. In India, literacy rates vary significantly across different states, influenced by historical contexts, economic conditions, social structures, and policy interventions. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of state-wise literacy rates in India, focusing on male and female literacy disparities. Using data from the National Statistical Office (NSO) survey based on the 2011 Census, the study employs descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis, and gap analysis to uncover regional disparities and gender gaps. The findings highlight significant regional and gender disparities in literacy rates. Kerala leads with an average literacy rate of 96.2%, while Bihar and Andhra Pradesh lag behind. Gender disparities are evident, with a national male literacy rate of 84.7% compared to 70.3% for females. Government initiatives like the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and the National Literacy Mission (NLM) have had varying impacts across states. The study underscores the need for region-specific educational policies and targeted interventions to address socio-economic barriers and promote female education.
Cognitive interviewing to assess and adapt three measures of mental health symptoms among people living with HIV in Rakai, Uganda: the Thinking a Lot Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL)
Authors: West Nora S , Namuganga Lydia P , Isabirye Dauda , Nakubulwa Rosette , Ddaaki William , Nakyanjo Neema , Nalugoda Fred , Murray Sarah M , Kennedy Caitlin E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Mental health is conceptualized differently across cultures, making cross-cultural validation of screening tools critical. In Uganda, we used cognitive interviewing to assess and adapt three scales for measuring psychological distress: the Thinking a Lot Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL). We recruited 12 people living with HIV from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS) and interviewed seven potential users of the scales (four RCCS survey interviewers and three local health workers). Data were analyzed systematically using a team-based matrix approach. The HSCL was generally well understood, with minor clarifications needed. The Thinking a Lot Questionnaire was also well understood, though differences between “how much” and “how often” required specificity. Both included local idioms of distress from prior adaptations. The PHQ-9 performed less well, with many questions interpreted variably or showing unclear local applicability, especially among people living with HIV. For example, questions about trouble concentrating were misunderstood, focusing on examples like newspapers rather than the broader issue of concentration. Future research should explore the validity and utility of commonly used instruments as mental health research expands in Africa.
Sleep Quality Among Student Nurses in a Ghanaian Tertiary Institution: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Ocansey Joseph , Nertey Joshua , Awini Akeliswini Titus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background Sleep quality among nursing students is crucial for their academic performance and overall well-being. Understanding the demographic and psychosocial factors influencing sleep quality can help in developing targeted interventions.Purpose This study aimed to examine the sleep quality of nursing students and identify key predictors of poor sleep quality.Method A total of 224 nursing students participated in a survey assessing demographics, sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and psychosocial factors including anxiety, stress, and social support. Multiple regression and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.Findings Results indicated that 77.7% of participants had poor sleep quality. Anxiety (β = -0.312, p < 0.001) and stress (β = -0.245, p = 0.003) were significant predictors of poor sleep quality. The chi-square test revealed a significant association between gender and sleep quality (χ² = 12.34, p = 0.002), with female students more likely to experience poor sleep.Discussion The study highlights the high prevalence of poor sleep quality among nursing students and the significant role of anxiety and stress. Interventions to reduce stress and anxiety, particularly among female students, are recommended to improve sleep quality.
Natural field diagnosis and molecular confirmation of fungal and bacterial watermelon pathogens in Bangladesh: A case study from the Natore and Sylhet districts
Authors: Ferdous Raihan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study investigated watermelon diseases characterized by contrasting climatic conditions in the Sylhet and Natore Districts of Bangladesh. Sylhet experiences lower temperatures and high rainfall, while Natore has higher temperatures and low rainfall. In these survey regions, 40 watermelon fields were selected, and 10 diseases were observed, including 4 fungal, 3 bacterial, 2 water mold, and 1 viral disease. The observed diseases were anthracnose, Cercospora leaf spot, Fusarium wilt, Gummy stem blight, Downy mildew, Phytophthora fruit rot, Bacterial fruit blotch, Angular leaf spot, Yellow vine, and Watermelon mosaic disease. Molecular analysis was performed in the Plant Pathology Laboratory at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University using specific primers for the fungal (ITS1/ITS4) and bacterial (27F/1492R) DNA regions, and nine pathogen species were identified, excluding the causal organism of the viral disease. The identified pathogens included Colletotrichum orbiculare, Cercospora citrullina, Fusarium oxysporum, Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Phytophthora capsici, Acidovorax citrulli, Pseudomonas syringae, and Serratia marcescens. The sequencing of the identified pathogens revealed high homology (98.91–99.71%) with known sequences in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed six clusters for fungal and water mold pathogen isolates and three for bacterial isolates, where the percentages of replicate trees were 100% in all the cases. Among the identified diseases, the highest disease occurrence was caused by Fusarium wilt (47.5%), followed by Gummy stem blight (41.5%) in the Sylhet region and by angular leaf spot (37.5%), followed by yellow vine (33%) in the Natore area. Fusarium wilt also has a high disease intensity, demonstrating its devastating impact on yield. This study highlights the influence of environmental conditions on disease incidence and underscores the need for tailored management strategies. These findings provide a foundation for developing targeted disease management practices for sustainable watermelon cultivation in Bangladesh.
Cancer Doesn’t Know the Day of the Week: Temporal Trends in Day of Death
Authors: Shah Kanan , Tao Anna , Chino Junzo , Chino Fumiko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Studies support the existence of psychosomatic phenomena that enable critically ill patients to postpone death until a specific event. We assessed for this effect in cancer by examining variability in deaths at the month and weekend levels using the National Center for Health Statistics database. We found that deaths from cancer were not uniformly distributed temporally. There was a relative 3.3% difference death rate between the peak on Saturday and nadir on Monday, and relative 10.2% difference in rate of death between the peak of deaths in January and nadir in February. The “weekend effect” could be present in 1 in 200 cancer deaths and the “holiday effect” in 1 in 100 cancer deaths. Temporal variation may reflect a small portion of patients are able to “hold on” for a limited amount of time. This uneven distribution of cancer deaths highlights the importance of improving communication and facilitating end-of-life discussions.
Associations between 24-hour Movement Behaviors and Health-Related Quality of Life in China, Japan and South Korea Children
Authors: Kim Hyunshik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background/Objective: It is important to investigate the combination of movement behaviors—such as physical activity, screen time, and sleep—as children's habitual behaviors over a 24-hour period can affect their health. The aim of this study is to examine whether adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines is associated with health-related quality of life in children from three East Asian countries.
Method: For this cross-study, data were collected from primary school children aged 7–12 years in three countries: Japan (n=786), China (n=1,246), and South Korea (n=1,011).
Results: Logistic regression analyses adjusted for covariates confirmed the association of physical well-being, psychological well-being, social support, and peers with health-related quality of life subfactors.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight the correlation between 24-hour movement behavior and health-related quality of life in three East Asian children and will contribute to building compelling evidence for an integrated approach to health promotion.
Factors influencing the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
Authors: Feng Cuimin , Yang Weiqi , Wei Tong , Li Jing , Chen Zexin , Yao Xue 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an exceptional plant polyphenol for drinking water disinfection, due to its lasting antibacterial capabilities and broad spectrum of health benefits. Nevertheless, its effectiveness and the underlying mechanisms against chlorine-resistant bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, have not been thoroughly explored under various water conditions. The study at hand probed the inactivation rates of EGCG on B. subtilis was subjected to different concentrations, contact times, acidic or basic environments, and temperatures; biological mechanisms were examined by analyzing alkaline phosphatase, proteins, glucose, ATP, and redox biomolecules. Results indicated a positive correlation between EGCG concentration and the inactivation rate of B. subtilis, with the rate notably rising at EGCG levels below 800 mg/l and under acidic pH. The inactivation efficiency increased with temperature increments from 25 to 45 °C. Moreover, EGCG exerted a detrimental impact on the structural integrity, energy metabolism, and the antioxidant defense system of B. subtilis showed a dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Consequently, this study provides a strong foundation for evaluating EGCG's efficacy against chlorine-resistant bacteria, promoting its theoretical application for drinking water treatment and guiding methodological advancements for broader applications.
Post-COVID-19: Hematological Factors Changes in Patients at Three--
time Intervals
Authors: Sharifzak Mohsen , Abbasi-jorjandi Mojtaba , Asadikaram Gholamreza , Ghoreshi Zohreh-al-sadat , Abolhassani Moslem , Rosen Clifford 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Hematological parameters are crucial factors in disease severity and chronic condition pathogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the hematological factors
in different severity stages of COVID-19 at different time intervals.

Methods:
Serum samples were collected from 470 patients (235 men and 235 women)
with a confirmed RT-qPCR COVID-19 test exhibiting moderate, severe, and critical
symptoms based on WHO criteria. Samples were collected at three-time intervals, including the first: the 1st days of infection, 2nd: the one month after, and 3rd: the three
months after disease onset. Total WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil,
RBC counting, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, hsCRP levels, G6PD deficiency, and hemoglobinopathies were determined in all patients.

Results:
Total WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, RBC counting, Hb, HCT, MCV,
MCH, and hsCRP levels were significantly changed with different disease severity
(p<0.0001). Also, there were significant differences between different time intervals for
WBC and RBC parameters (p<0.0001) except for monocytes and eosinophils. At all
time intervals, there are significant changes in levels of hematological and hsCRP based
on gender. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between disease severity,
age, and BMI (p<0.0001).

Conclusion:
Significant differences in hematological parameter and inflammatory parameter levels based on disease severity, time intervals, and gender revealed the importance of evaluating these factors in the management of infectious diseases, such as
COVID-19, in patients during and post-disease times.
Exploring a Desirable Quadr-mRNAs Panel for Non-invasive and Ultrasensitive Bladder Cancer Diagnosis: In-silico and Clinical
Studies
Authors: Abazari Omid , Dayati Parisa , Shahidi Maryamsadat , ZavarReza Javad , Rahmanian Mehdi , Naghib Seyed Morteza 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Most patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)
have a high direction for recurrence and disease progression, which remains a
significant unresolved challenge in bladder cancer patients. Therefore, a constant search
is necessary for identifying appropriate and reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis of
NMIBC. The current study has aimed to search for valuable diagnostic biomarkers in
the tissue and urine specimens of NMIBC patients.

Methods:
The changes of twelve candidate mRNAs in a screening phase (40 tissue samples
of NMIBC patients and their corresponding 40 urine specimens) and a subsequent
independent validation phase (40 urine specimens) were estimated using real-time polymerase
chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis
was executed to determine the potential diagnostic values of mRNAs.

Results:
The mRNA levels of seven candidate genes were markedly higher in tissue
specimens relative to their neighboring tissues. Among them, four mRNAs, including
ERBB2, CCND1, MKI67, and MAGEA6, were differentially expressed in urine samples
of NMIBC patients relative to control subjects. Further, the expression of these four
mRNAs was validated in the validation step. Combining these biomarkers showed better
diagnostic performance than single biomarkers in the urine sample for non-invasive
NMIBC detection. The combination of these mRNAs and cytology enhanced the sensitivity
of cytology from 37% to 87%.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggested that a four-mRNA panel may be promising in the
non-invasive diagnosis of NMIBC, which deserves further investigation.
An Ethnopharmacological Survey on Medicinally Important Plants of Genus Salvia
Authors: Thorat Bapu R. , Mali Suraj N. , Yadav Susmita , Gambhire Vikas , Nagre Dnyaneshwar T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
Lamiaceae (Labiatae) is a medicinally significant plant family featuring key species like Salvia aegyptiaca, S. cabulica, S. coccinea, S. glutinosa, S. officinalis, S. haematodes, S. hians, S. lanata, S. macrosiphon, S. moorcroftiana, S. spinosa, S. sclarea, and S. plebeia. These species exhibit diverse pharmacological activities attributed to essential oils and phytochemi-cals, including antioxidant, antiasthmatic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, etc. This re-view covers extensive phytomedicinal aspects of some important plants of the genus Salvia.
Preliminary Analysis of Potentially Overlapping Differentially Expressed Proteins in Both the Spinal Cord and Brain of SOD1 G93A Mice
Authors: Jiang Shi-Shi , Nie Hong-Bing , Hua Shan , Xie Meng , Xu Ren-Shi 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
Proteomic elucidation is an essential step in improving our understanding of
the biological properties of proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods:
Preliminary proteomic analysis was performed on the spinal cord and brain of SOD1
G93A (TG) and wild-type (WT) mice using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation.

Results:
Partial up- and downregulated proteins showing significant differences between TG and
WT mice were identified, of which 105 proteins overlapped with differentially expressed proteins
in both the spinal cord and brain of progression mice. Bioinformatic analyses using Gene Ontology,
a cluster of orthologous groups, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway revealed
that the significantly up- and downregulated proteins represented multiple biological functions
closely related to ALS, with 105 overlapping differentially expressed proteins in the spinal
cord and brain at the progression stage of TG mice closely related to 122 pathways. Differentially
expressed proteins involved in a set of molecular functions play essential roles in maintaining neural
cell survival.

Conclusion:
This study provides additional proteomic profiles of TG mice, including potential
overlapping proteins in both the spinal cord and brain that participate in pathogenesis, as well as
novel insights into the up- and downregulation of proteins involved in the pathogenesis of ALS.
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Associated with Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: Experimental and Computational Tools
Authors: Coskuner-Weber Orkid , Uversky Vladimir N. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
The phenomenon of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) serves as a vital mechanism
for the spatial organization of biomolecules, significantly influencing the elementary processes
within the cellular milieu. Intrinsically disordered proteins, or proteins endowed with intrinsically
disordered regions, are pivotal in driving this biophysical process, thereby dictating the formation
of non-membranous cellular compartments. Compelling evidence has linked aberrations in
LLPS to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, underscored by the disordered
proteins’ proclivity to form pathological aggregates. This study meticulously evaluates the arsenal
of contemporary experimental and computational methodologies dedicated to the examination of
intrinsically disordered proteins within the context of LLPS. Through a discerning discourse on
the capabilities and constraints of these investigative techniques, we unravel the intricate contributions
of these ubiquitous proteins to LLPS and neurodegeneration. Moreover, we project a future
trajectory for the field, contemplating on innovative research tools and their potential to elucidate
the underlying mechanisms of LLPS, with the ultimate goal of fostering new therapeutic avenues
for combating neurodegenerative disorders.
Two-Dimensional NiCo2S4 Nanosheets Deliver Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Meng Li , Zhang Jidong , Chen Cheng , Dai Shihao , Li Qiong , Xiang Kun 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
The development of cost-effective and efficient catalysts plays a pivotal
role in the realization of hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting.

Methods:
In this study, two-dimensional NiCo2S4 nanosheets were synthesized using a hydrothermal
method followed by a sulfidation process.

Results:
The resulting materials were thoroughly characterized to understand their morphology
and structure. The findings indicate that the NiCo2S4 nanosheets exhibit exceptional electrical
conductivity and a high density of pores, which facilitate electrolyte infiltration and interfacial
charge transfer during electrochemical reactions. Furthermore, the incorporation of S2− modulates
the electronic structure of metal ions, reducing the oxidation potential of metal sites and
promoting the surface reconstruction of the electrode to form active species. Electrochemical
tests conducted in a 1 M KOH solution using the synthesized catalyst as the working electrode
demonstrate an overpotential of merely 280 mV and 300 mV at a current density of 20 mA cm−2
and 40 mA cm-2, respectively, which are much lower than those of NiCo-LDH electrodes (360
mV and 410 mV).

Conclusion:
Furthermore, the NiCo2S4 electrode delivers a remarkably low Tafel slope of 47.9
mV dec−1. This investigation presents a novel approach to the development of efficient transition
metal-based electrocatalysts.
Inflammatory Markers and Ischemic Stroke: Insights and Implications
Authors: Dhaka Arun , Mehta Geetika , Tripathi Rashmi , Sachdeva Monika 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
Cerebral ischemia stands as a significant global cause of both mortality and morbidity
among adults, ranking second in mortality rates. Neuroinflammation, a dynamic and intricate process,
emerges rapidly after ischemia onset and persists for several days. This cascade begins with the activation of microglia and astrocytes, alongside immune cell infiltration, triggering the release of cytokines and initiating an inflammatory response within the brain. These events ultimately contribute to
secondary brain injury, potentially expanding the area of damage beyond the initial affected region.
This sustained inflammatory state contributes to blood-brain barrier disruption and cerebral edema,
exacerbating neuronal damage and impeding neuroplasticity, ultimately worsening neurological deficits. However, the response of inflammation during ischemia is twofold, potentially offering benefits
by clearing cellular debris and facilitating tissue regeneration. This review aims to dissect the roles
of both novel and established pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators in cerebral ischemia, offering critical insights for the development of effective therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic
strategies.