bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anything but Basic: Nursing's Challenge in Meeting Patients’ Fundamental Care Needs
Authors: Kitson Alison L. , Muntlin Athlin Åsa , Conroy Tiffany 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeNursing has not explored the fundamental aspects of patient care in a systematic, conceptually coherent, scientific way, and this has created a number of ongoing challenges.Organizing ConstructEach challenge is identified and addressed in the form of a proposition, with evidence provided to support the arguments put forward and defend the proposed actions.FindingsThe challenges include: the need for an integrated way of thinking about the fundamentals of care from a conceptual, methodological, and practical perspective; the ongoing and unresolved tension in nursing practice between a depersonalized and mechanistic approach (termed a “task and time” driven culture) and the need for consistency around understanding and managing the dynamics of the nurse–patient relationship or encounter (termed a “thinking and linking” approach); and the need for a systematic approach to the fundamentals or basics of care that combines the physical, psychosocial, and relational dimensions of the care encounter within the wider context of the care environment. Pragmatic and practical frameworks are needed to ensure that the basic physical and psychosocial needs of patients are embedded not only in the practice but also in the thinking, reflection, and assessment processes of the nurse.ConclusionsNursing's challenge to meet patients’ basic or fundamental needs is complex. Developing a knowledge base will include identifying researchable questions, using rigorous methodologies, ensuring the relational dimensions are not lost, and ensuring the new knowledge is applied in practice. This requires collaboration on an international scale to achieve improvements in care.Clinical RelevanceTo work collaboratively to generate, test, and implement meaningful ways of capturing nursing practice around basic or fundamental care in order to ensure more integrated, holistic patient care nursing practices.
Scientific Misconduct: Also an Issue in Nursing Science?
Authors: Fierz Katharina , Gennaro Susan , Dierickx Kris , Van Achterberg Theo , Morin Karen H. , De Geest Sabina 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeScientific misconduct (SMC) is an increasing concern in nursing science. This article discusses the prevalence of SMC, risk factors and correlates of scientific misconduct in nursing science, and highlights interventional approaches to foster good scientific conduct.MethodsUsing the “Fostering Research Integrity in Europe” report of the European Science Foundation as a framework, we reviewed the literature in research integrity promotion.FindingsAlthough little empirical data exist regarding prevalence of scientific misconduct in the field of nursing science, available evidence suggests a similar prevalence as elsewhere. In studies of prospective graduate nurses, 4% to 17% admit data falsification or fabrication, while 8.8% to 26.4% report plagiarizing material. Risk factors for SMC exist at the macro, meso, and micro levels of the research system. Intervention research on preventing scientific misconduct in nursing is limited, yet findings from the wider field of medicine and allied health professions suggest that honor codes, training programs, and clearly communicated misconduct control mechanisms and misconduct consequences improve ethical behavior.ConclusionsScientific misconduct is a multilevel phenomenon. Interventions to decrease scientific misconduct must therefore target every level of the nursing research systems.Clinical RelevanceScientific misconduct not only compromises scientific integrity by distorting empirical evidence, but it might endanger patients. Because nurses are involved in clinical research, raising their awareness of scientifically inappropriate behavior is essential.
Comparative study of the shell development of hard‐ and soft‐shelled turtles
Authors: Nagashima Hiroshi , Shibata Masahiro , Taniguchi Mari , Ueno Shintaro , Kamezaki Naoki , Sato Noboru 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe turtle shell provides a fascinating model for the investigation of the evolutionary modifications of developmental mechanisms. Different conclusions have been put forth for its development, and it is suggested that one of the causes of the disagreement could be the differences in the species of the turtles used – the differences between hard‐shelled turtles and soft‐shelled turtles. To elucidate the cause of the difference, we compared the turtle shell development in the two groups of turtle. In the dorsal shell development, these two turtle groups shared the gene expression profile that is required for formation, and shared similar spatial organization of the anatomical elements during development. Thus, both turtles formed the dorsal shell through a folding of the lateral body wall, and the Wnt signaling pathway appears to have been involved in the development. The ventral portion of the shell, on the other hand, contains massive dermal bones. Although expression of HNK‐1 epitope has suggested that the trunk neural crest contributed to the dermal bones in the hard‐shelled turtles, it was not expressed in the initial anlage of the skeletons in either of the types of turtle. Hence, no evidence was found that would support a neural crest origin.
Polymorphism in the epidermal growth factor gene is associated with pre‐eclampsia and low birthweight
Authors: Chenthuran Thurayratnam , Galhenagey Gayani Harendra , Jayasekara Rohan W. , Dissanayake Vajira H. W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimWe have previously reported that polymorphism in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene is associated with pre‐eclampsia and birthweight based on case–control association studies involving two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). We extended that work to investigate other SNP in the EGF gene for their association with pre‐eclampsia and the weight of babies at birth.Material and MethodsA population‐based DNA collection was genotyped to determine whether the selected SNP were polymorphic in the study population. In total, 175 women with pre‐eclampsia and 171 matched normotensive controls were genotyped for the polymorphic SNP using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism and MassARRAY Sequenom iPLEX methodology.ResultsThe rs3756261A, rs4444903G, rs2237051G haplotype was associated with the highest increased risk of pre‐eclampsia (odds ratio: 3.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.38–9.94; P = 0.016). The rs3756261A allele was the one that contributed to this high degree of significance. The same allele was present in the haplotype rs3756261A, rs11568943G, rs2237051G, rs11569017A, rs4698803T (likelihood ratio statistic = 20.4671, d.f. = 3, P‐value = 0.0001), which was associated with the lower birthweight.ConclusionsIn this study we found further evidence for the association of polymorphism in the EGF gene with pre‐eclampsia and the weight of babies at birth and identified rs3756261A>G as the SNP that makes the most significant contribution to this association. Bioinformatic analysis showed that this effect may be mediated by caudal type homeohox‐2, a transcriptional repressor expressed in the trophoblast, for which a binding site is created at this polymorphic site when the rs3756261A allele is present.
Concomitant ovarian drilling and oocyte retrieval by laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery led to live birth using in vitro maturation of oocyte and transfer of frozen–thawed blastocyst in woman with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Hirata Tetsuya , Fujimoto Akihisa , Koga Kaori , Wada‐Hiraike Osamu , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis case report describes a case of concomitant ovarian drilling and retrieval of oocytes using laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery and the resultant birth of a healthy infant after transfer of frozen–thawed blastocyst from in vitro matured oocyte in a woman with polycystic ovary syndrome. A 33‐year‐old woman presented with anovulatory, clomiphene‐resistant polycystic ovary syndrome, and 1‐year history of infertility. Thirty‐seven immature oocytes were retrieved and multiperforation of ovaries was performed at the same time by laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery. Twenty‐three oocytes reached metaphase II after 24‐h culture in in vitro maturation medium, which was followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Eventually, seven embryos were vitrified and spontaneous ovulation was restored after the operation. Although the first single frozen–thawed blastocyst transferred in a natural cycle ended up a biochemical pregnancy, the second frozen–thawed blastocyst transfer resulted in successful pregnancy, followed by live birth of a healthy male infant.
Management of recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Sugiura‐Ogasawara Mayumi , Ozaki Yasuhiko , Suzumori Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRecurrent miscarriage is classically defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses. Many researchers have now revised this definition to two or more pregnancy losses because of the recent increase in the prevalence of childless couples. Established causes of recurrent miscarriage are antiphospholipid antibodies, uterine anomalies and abnormal chromosomes in either partner, particularly translocations. Antiphospholipid syndrome is the most important treatable cause of recurrent miscarriage. However, it is not yet established as to what kind of testing should be conducted in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. Standardization of tests for antiphospholipid antibodies is needed. On the other hand, embryonic aneuploidy is the most frequent cause of recurrent miscarriage. Chromosome analysis of the embryo is important, because it has good predictive value for subsequent live birth. It is not necessary to give any medications for unexplained cases of recurrent miscarriage, and provision of psychological support may be the most important to encourage the couples to continue to conceive until a live birth results.
The roles of the shikimate pathway genes, aroA and aroB, in virulence, growth and UV tolerance of Burkholderia glumae strain 411gr‐6
Authors: Karki Hari Sharan , Ham Jong Hyun 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBurkholderia glumae is the major causal agent of bacterial panicle blight of rice, which is a growing disease problem for rice growers worldwide. In our previous study, some B. glumae strains showed pigmentation phenotypes producing at least two (yellow–green and purple) pigment compounds in casein–peptone–glucose agar medium. The B. glumae strains LSUPB114 and LSUPB116 are pigment‐deficient mutant derivatives of the virulent and pigment‐proficient strain 411gr‐6, having mini‐Tn5gus insertions in aroA encoding 3‐phosphoshikimate 1‐carboxyvinyltransferase and aroB encoding 3‐dehydroquinate synthase, respectively. Both enzymes are known to be involved in the shikimate pathway, which leads to the synthesis of aromatic amino acids. Here, we demonstrate that aroA and aroB are required for normal virulence in rice and onion, growth in M9 minimal medium and tolerance to UV light, but are dispensable for the production of the phytotoxin toxoflavin. These results suggest that the shikimate pathway is involved in bacterial pathogenesis by B. glumae without a significant role in the production of toxoflavin, a major virulence factor of this pathogen.
Berberine ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats
Authors: Wang Fang‐Ming , Yang Yu‐jie , Ma Lu‐lin , Tian Xiao‐jun , He Ya‐qiang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the potential effects of berberine on renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) of obstructed kidneys in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rat model.MethodsForty‐eight rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham‐operated, vehicle‐treated UUO, and berberine‐treated UUO. Rats were gavaged with berberine (200 mg/kg per day) or vehicle. Eight randomly chosen rats in each group were kiled and specimens were collected at day 14 after UUO. Physiological parameters and histological changes were assessed, RIF was evaluated using Masson's trichrome and Sirius red staining, oxidative stress and inflammation markers were determined, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3) and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) were measured using immunohistochemistry or western blotting analysis. The obstruction was relieved at day 14 by percutaneous nephrostomy in the remaining UUO rats. The resistive index of left kidneys was undertaken by coloured Doppler flow imaging at day 14 before nephrostomy and day 7 after the relief.ResultsBerberine treatment significantly attenuated RIF induced by UUO. The UUO‐induced reduction in kidney superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increased, whereas elevated kidney malondialdehyde level markedly decreased. Berberine treatment significantly ameliorated UUO‐induced inflammation, and decreased TGF‐β1, pSmad3 and α‐SMA expression of UUO kidneys. Moreover, berberine treatment significantly suppressed the increase of resistive index compared with UUO group at day 14 after UUO as well as day 7 after the relief of obstruction.ConclusionBerberine treatment ameliorates RIF in a UUO rat model by inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and TGF‐β1/pSmad3 signalling.
The effect of non‐surgical weight loss interventions on urinary incontinence in overweight women: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vissers D. , Neels H. , Vermandel A. , De Wachter S. , Tjalma W. A. A. , Wyndaele J‐J. , Taeymans J. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryAlthough the aetiology of urinary incontinence can be multifactorial, in some cases weight loss could be considered as a part of the therapeutic approach for urinary incontinence in people who are overweight. The objective of this study was to review and meta‐analyse the effect of non‐surgical weight loss interventions on urinary incontinence in overweight women. Web of Science, PubMed, Pedro, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane were systematically searched for clinical trials that met the a priori set criteria. Data of women who participated in non‐surgical weight loss interventions (diet, exercise, medication or a combination) were included in the meta‐analysis. After removing duplicates, 62 articles remained for screening on title, abstract and full text. Six articles (totalling 2,352 subjects in the intervention groups) were included for meta‐analysis. The mean change in urinary incontinence (reported as frequency or quantity, depending on the study) after a non‐surgical weight loss intervention, expressed as standardized effect size and corrected for small sample sizes (Hedges' g), was −0.30 (95%CI = −0.47 to −0.12). This systematic review and meta‐analysis shows evidence that a non‐surgical weight loss intervention has the potential to improve urinary incontinence and should be considered part of standard practice in the management of urinary incontinence in overweight women.
Step‐along power vector method for astigmatic wavefront propagation
Authors: Roselló Silvia , Thibos Larry , Micó Vicente 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeTo propose both a new algebraic solution and a graphical monitoring method for astigmatic wavefront propagation in the framework provided by power vectors.MethodsThe generalised propagation equation describing the propagation of astigmatic wavefronts from one plane to another is adapted to the power vectors formalism using a novel algorithm based on a step‐along method. The step‐along procedure is directly applied to the tuple of power vectors [M, J0, J45] representing an arbitrary astigmatic wavefront and it permits the calculation of the tuple of power vectors [M′, J′0, J′45] after a given propagation distance. This is achieved mathematically first by temporarily rotating the astigmatic wavefront so that one of the principal meridians is horizontal, then propagating the wavefront, and finally rotating the propagated wavefront back to its original orientation.ResultsA transfer rule for power vectors representing astigmatic wavefronts is analytically obtained. The new algorithm provides an algebraic solution for the propagation of astigmatic wavefronts using power vectors in a homogeneous medium. In addition, the new step‐along procedure allows 2D as well as 3D graphical monitoring of the astigmatic wavefront being referred to the X–Y conventional reference framework by virtue of the trajectories of the power vector coordinates. The proposed solution has been validated through several numerical examples.ConclusionsA new step‐along method for astigmatic wavefront propagation using power vectors has been presented and validated for classical as well as new numerical examples. The method provides algebraic calculation as well as graphical monitoring of the wavefront vergence during propagation.
The impact of postgraduate training on UK optometrists’ clinical decision‐making in glaucoma
Authors: Myint Joy , Edgar David F. , Murdoch Ian E. , Lawrenson John G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the impact of a postgraduate training module on optometrists’ clinical decision‐making in relation to the diagnosis and management of primary open‐angle glaucoma.MethodsA group of United Kingdom community optometrists (n = 53) were assessed immediately before and again 3 months after completing a 3‐day didactic postgraduate university module on the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. A smaller control cohort (n = 20), who did not receive the intervention, was recruited and completed the same assessments on two occasions, separated by approximately 3 months. The assessments comprised: knowledge of five key features of the optic disc in glaucoma, performance on a computer program (Discus) that assessed the ability to differentiate normal from glaucomatous discs and a clinical decision‐making exercise using case‐based scenarios.ResultsThe scores for the knowledge of important disc features for the intervention cohort significantly increased from a median of 2/5 to 5/5 post‐intervention (p < 0.001). For the control cohort, the difference in median scores between the two tests was not significant. Analysing the performance of the intervention cohort using the Discus program showed no significant improvement in ability to diagnose a glaucomatous disc following the intervention [mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve pre‐intervention = 0.85 (95% CI: 0.76–0.91), post‐intervention = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76–0.91)]. Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences in mean areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve between tests for the control cohort, although both cohorts compared favourably with a previously published Discus data set from a panel of experts in disc analysis (mean area = 0.87). For the clinical decision‐making exercise the median test score for the intervention cohort was unchanged pre‐ and post‐intervention.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that a traditional didactic approach, in isolation, is unlikely to be suited to training optometrists to achieve or develop the clinical competencies required for glaucoma detection and management. Consideration should be given to the development of specialist postgraduate training that is more practice‐based, provides opportunities for active learning and includes strategies for feedback and reinforcement.
First decapod crustaceans in aLateDevonian continental ecosystem
Authors: Gueriau Pierre , Charbonnier Sylvain , Clément Gaël 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe origin and early diversification of decapod crustaceans and their expansion from marine to continental environments are key events in arthropod evolution. Rare fossil decapods are known from the Palaeozoic, and the earliest eumalacostracans with undoubted decapod affinities are theLateDevonianPalaeopalaemonandAciculopoda, found in offshore marine deposits. Here, we describe a new species of the shrimpTealliocarisfound in floodplain and temporary pond deposits from theFamennian (LateDevonian) ofBelgium, together with a rarePalaeozoic assemblage of other crustaceans (conchostracans, notostracans and anostracans) and chelicerates (eurypterids).Tealliocaris walloniensis sp. nov. documents the earliest occurrence of continental decapod crustaceans and indicates that decapods have been part of continental ecosystems at least since theLateDevonian.
CD4 count outperforms World Health Organization clinical algorithm for point‐of‐care HIV diagnosis among hospitalised HIV‐exposed Malawian infants
Authors: Maliwichi Madalitso , Rosenberg Nora E. , Macfie Rebekah , Olson Dan , Hoffman Irving , van der Horst Charles M. , Kazembe Peter N. , Hosseinipour Mina C. , McCollum Eric D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine, for the WHO algorithm for point‐of‐care diagnosis of HIV infection, the agreement levels between paediatricians and non‐physician clinicians, and to compare sensitivity and specificity profiles of the WHO algorithm and different CD4 thresholds against HIV PCR testing in hospitalised Malawian infants.MethodsIn 2011, hospitalised HIV‐exposed infants <12 months in Lilongwe, Malawi, were evaluated independently with the WHO algorithm by both a paediatrician and clinical officer. Blood was collected for CD4 and molecular HIV testing (DNA or RNA PCR). Using molecular testing as the reference, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were determined for the WHO algorithm and CD4 count thresholds of 1500 and 2000 cells/mm3 by paediatricians and clinical officers.ResultsWe enrolled 166 infants (50% female, 34% <2 months, 37% HIV infected). Sensitivity was higher using CD4 thresholds (<1500, 80%; <2000, 95%) than with the algorithm (physicians, 57%; clinical officers, 71%). Specificity was comparable for CD4 thresholds (<1500, 68%, <2000, 50%) and the algorithm (paediatricians, 55%, clinical officers, 50%). The positive predictive values were slightly better using CD4 thresholds (<1500, 59%, <2000, 52%) than the algorithm (paediatricians, 43%, clinical officers 45%) at this prevalence.ConclusionPerformance by the WHO algorithm and CD4 thresholds resulted in many misclassifications. Point‐of‐care CD4 thresholds of <1500 cells/mm3 or <2000 cells/mm3 could identify more HIV‐infected infants with fewer false positives than the algorithm. However, a point‐of‐care option with better performance characteristics is needed for accurate, timely HIV diagnosis.
Antibiotics for early‐onset neonatal infection: a summary of the NICE guideline 2012
Authors: Mugglestone Moira A , Murphy M Stephen , Visintin Cristina , Howe David T , Turner Mark A 
Published: April 2014

Key content

Early‐onset neonatal infection (infection arising within 72 hours of birth) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and is often caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]).

Identifying and assessing risk factors for early‐onset neonatal infection before and during labour and birth is integral to clinical management.

Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) to prevent early‐onset neonatal infection is effective when given to women with particular risk factors, including maternal GBS colonisation.

When IAP is given specifically to prevent early‐onset neonatal infection with GBS the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends using benzylpenicillin.

Alternative antibiotic regimens are appropriate for women who are allergic to penicillin or where local microbiological surveillance data indicate antibiotic resistance.

Learning objectives

To be aware of the risk factors for early‐onset neonatal infection.

To understand how IAP can reduce the risk of an early‐onset neonatal infection.

To know which antibiotic to use for IAP of GBS.

Ethical issues

How should decisions about whether to administer IAP trade off the potential benefit to the baby of preventing an early‐onset neonatal infection and potential harms to the woman, such as, allergic reactions and increased medicalisation of pregnancy?

How should decisions about the choice of antibiotics used in intrapartum prophylaxis take account of the risk of promoting antibiotic resistance?