bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐year trends in psychological outcomes after gastric bypass in adolescents with severe obesity
Authors: Järvholm Kajsa , Karlsson Jan , Olbers Torsten , Peltonen Markku , Marcus Claude , Dahlgren Jovanna , Gronowitz Eva , Johnsson Per , Flodmark Carl‐Erik 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate changes in mental health over 2 years in adolescents undergoing gastric bypass.MethodsEighty‐eight adolescents (65% girls) aged 13 to 18 years were assessed at baseline and 1 and 2 years after surgery. Generic and obesity‐specific questionnaires were used to evaluate outcomes in mental health, also in relation to age‐ and gender‐specific norms.ResultsSymptoms of anxiety (P = 0.001), depression (P = 0.001), anger (P = 0.001), and disruptive behavior (P = 0.022) were significantly reduced at 2 years after surgery, as were obesity‐related problems (P < 0.001). Self‐esteem (P < 0.001), self‐concept (P < 0.001), and overall mood (P = 0.025) improved significantly. Improvements were mainly observed during the first year after surgery. The second year was characterized by stabilization. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, anger, disruptive behavior, and self‐concept were at normative levels after surgery. However, 19% of the adolescents had depressive symptoms in the clinical range.ConclusionsA substantial improvement in mental health in adolescents over the first 2 years after gastric bypass was found. Most adolescents had a level of mental health and self‐concept similar to norms, but a marked subgroup showed substantial depressive symptoms 2 years after surgery.
Biomimetic triblock and multiblock copolymers containing l‐Phenylalanine moieties showing healing and enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Hendrich Michael , Lewerdomski Lars , Vana Philipp 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTTriblock and multiblock copolymers of methyl acrylate containing short blocks of the hydrogen bonding monomer N‐acryloyl‐l‐phenylalanine were prepared via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization in two steps using a bifunctional trithiocarbonate for the triblock copolymer and a polyfunctional trithiocarbonate for the multiblock copolymer. The polymer materials were investigated via tensile testing showing that the hydrogen bonding monomer induces a pronounced increase in toughness. The toughness of the material is further enhanced when going from triblock to multiblock topology. Both types of copolymer display a very strong healing effect, with the samples' toughness (which is increased by drawing) becoming even larger after breaking and healing. Already, a very small content of only 0.1 mol % of N‐acryloyl‐l‐phenylalanine improves the mechanical properties of these thermoplastic elastomers significantly. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2809–2819
Graft modification of crystalline nanocellulose by Cu(0)‐mediated SET living radical polymerization
Authors: Wang Hai‐Dong , Roeder Ryan D. , Whitney Ralph A. , Champagne Pascale , Cunningham Michael F. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTCrystalline nanocellulose (CNC) was grafted with poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) to yield modified CNC that is readily dispersed in a range of organic solvents [including tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)], in contrast to native CNC which is dispersible primarily in aqueous solutions. First, a CNC macroinitiator with high bromine initiator density was prepared through a 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole‐mediated esterification reaction in DMSO‐based dispersant. MA was then grafted from the CNC macroinitiator through SET living radical polymerization (LRP) at room temperature using Cu(0) (copper wire) as the catalyst. The LRP grafting proceeded rapidly, with ∼30% monomer conversion achieved within 30 min, yielding approximately six times the mass of PMA with respect to CNC macroinitiator. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2800–2808
14.2: Invited Paper: Cadmium‐ and Indium‐Based Quantum‐Dot Materials
Authors: Coe‐Sullivan Seth 
Published: July 2015

Currently, an exemption to the European Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (2011/65/EU) (RoHS2) is in place to enable manufacturers to bring to the market cadmium‐based quantum dot downconversion material in lighting and displays. The II‐VI downconversion materials (e.g. quantum dots), due to their narrowband, tunable, stable and efficient properties, will provide consumer products with the superior performance, efficiency, and net benefit to the environment for which there currently is no beneficial substitute available. In lighting, narrowband emission translates to warmer light sources with 20‐40% greater efficacy. Such products have already been placed on the market in the US. In the display market, narrowband emission translates to televisions, monitors, tablets and cellphones that can achieve 100% of color gamut (as defined by NTSC). This property has the added benefit of increased light throughput through the display, which can in turn reduce energy consumption for identical performance displays by 20% or more.While the cadmium selenide based QDs contain small quantities of cadmium, the net life cycle reductions to energy consumption, carbon emissions, and cadmium waste and emissions are compelling and outlined below. In addition, these new materials will reduce dependency on several EC recognized critical materials such as yttrium, europium, and indium. The net benefit to the environment is due to the system level increase in efficiency that is achieved using the II‐VI downconversion materials, due to their narrowband, tunable, and efficient nature.
A pragmatic approach towards secure sharing of digital objects
Authors: Singh Reena , Gonsalves Timothy A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCurrent access control models have limitations in scenarios where digital objects are decomposed into smaller objects before sharing. We propose an access control model (digital object‐based access model) for such scenarios involving object decomposition. Our model applies to the generic class of objects composing of documents, videos, and audio. We use temporal logic of actions to formally specify access policies in our model and verify different properties. Using mathematical modelling and simulation, we compare the usability and performance of our model in comparison with the widely used traditional access control model and role‐based access control model. With business process outsourcing as an example, we demonstrate that our model also yields a considerable reduction in the number of access permissions to be managed by an administrator as compared with other two models. Simulations show an improvement in the time required for access authorization in our model as compared with these two models. These improvements exhibited by our model become more prominent with the increase in the number of users and objects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SmartPass: a smarter geolocation‐based authentication scheme
Authors: Shin J. , Kancharlapalli S. , Farcasin M. , Chan‐Tin E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper describes an improved authentication method for mobile devices compared with commonly used authentication using characters (text passwords) and Personal Identification Number (PINs). The method introduced in this paper was developed to overcome the difficulty of remembering unfamiliar secrets such as a complex sequence of text characters while maintaining authentication strength. We introduce a new authentication approach, SmartPass, that works for both legacy systems and mobile devices. SmartPass is a web‐based mobile interface that provides a method to use visual map location secrets, which are theorized to be easier to remember and use than passwords and remain difficult for an adversary to guess. We evaluate the security strength of such a map‐based secret compared with traditional text password, PIN, and pattern secrets. This paper also seeks to evaluate user feedback as to the usability and memorability of this authentication method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Bariatric Patient: An Overview of Perioperative Care
Authors: Fencl Jennifer L. , Walsh Angela , Vocke Dawn 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObesity (ie, a body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2) is increasing in the United States. As a result, more overweight individuals are being surgically treated for weight loss, thus making it imperative for perioperative RNs to understand obesity's effects on patients’ health, its contribution to significant comorbidities (eg, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, sleep apnea, musculoskeletal issues, stroke), the perioperative care requirements (eg, specialized instruments and equipment, positioning and lifting aids), and unique needs of these patients (eg, diet, counseling). It is vital that the perioperative nurse accurately assesses the patient undergoing bariatric surgery to provide safe and appropriate nursing interventions during the perioperative continuum of care.
Review of Nutritional Guidelines for Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Leahy Cheri Rebecca , Luning Alyssa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHealth care providers often supply patients who are undergoing bariatric surgery with varying and sometimes conflicting information regarding nutrition before and after surgery. Nurses and other care providers can benefit from applying current nutritional guidelines to increase patients’ understanding, compliance, nutrition, hydration, protein needs, and satisfaction. This article summarizes basic recommendations to help health care providers understand the patients’ nutritional requirements and diet recommendations from two weeks before bariatric surgery to four to six weeks after surgery.
Neuronal death after perinatal cerebral hypoxia‐ischemia: Focus on autophagy—mediated cell death
Authors: Descloux C. , Ginet V. , Clarke P.G.H. , Puyal J. , Truttmann A.C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNeonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy is a critical cerebral event occurring around birth with high mortality and neurological morbidity associated with long‐term invalidating sequelae. In view of the great clinical importance of this condition and the lack of very efficacious neuroprotective strategies, it is urgent to better understand the different cell death mechanisms involved with the ultimate aim of developing new therapeutic approaches. The morphological features of three different cell death types can be observed in models of perinatal cerebral hypoxia‐ischemia: necrotic, apoptotic and autophagic cell death. They may be combined in the same dying neuron. In the present review, we discuss the different cell death mechanisms involved in neonatal cerebral hypoxia‐ischemia with a special focus on how autophagy may be involved in neuronal death, based: (1) on experimental models of perinatal hypoxia‐ischemia and stroke, and (2) on the brains of human neonates who suffered from neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia.
Facilitating sustainable professional part-time work: A question of design?
Authors: Smith Natalie , McDonald Paula 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDespite significant socio-demographic and economic shifts in the contours of work over the past 40 years, there has been surprisingly little change in the way work is designed. Current understandings of the content and structure of jobs are predominantly underpinned by early 20th century theories derived from the manufacturing industry where employees worked independently of each other in stand-alone organisations. It is only in the last 10 years that elaborations and extensions to job/work design theory have been posed, which accommodate some of the fundamental shifts in contemporary work settings, yet these extended frameworks have received little empirical attention. Utilising contemporary features of work design and a sample of professional service workers, the purpose of this study is to examine to what extent and how part-time roles are designed relative to equivalent full-time roles. The findings contribute to efforts to design effective part-time roles that balance organisational and individual objectives.
Empirical Research on Corporate Governance in China: A Review and New Directions for the Future
Authors: Shen Wei , Zhou Qiong , Lau Chung-Ming 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe ownership structure of Chinese firms has experienced significant changes over the last three decades, including the development of a fast growing stock market through which a large number of domestic firms have become publicly traded corporations. These changes have drawn increasing attention from researchers of corporate governance. In this article, we review the empirical research on corporate governance in China, with a focus on the internal and external governance mechanisms that have been investigated and the findings about the effectiveness of these mechanisms. On the basis of our review of 132 studies, we summarize the major findings and discuss the limitation of agency theory in understanding the governance issue in Chinese firms. We offer several ideas (e.g., the importance of the social context, new conceptualization of governance, different outcomes of governance, and data/method issues) for a new agenda to guide future research in the corporate governance of firms operating in the Chinese and other emerging economy contexts.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi onCapsicumspp.
Authors: PEREIRA J. A. P. , VIEIRA I. J. C. , FREITAS M. S. M. , PRINS C. L. , MARTINS M. A. , RODRIGUES R. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYThe benefits of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth, yield and nutrition of plants are well documented. However, mycorrhiza use in pepper and sweet pepper crops (Capsicumspp.) is still rarely exploited compared to other crops of economic importance. The current paper reviews the main aspects of the association between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plants of pepper and sweet pepper. It includes topics about the effects of AM fungi on nutrition, growth and yield inCapsicumspp., paying particular attention to AM fungi–pathogen interactions, responses to some environmental stresses, as well as biochemical and physiological aspects of AM fungi–plant interaction inCapsicum annuumL.
Limited impact of irrigation on the phenology ofBrachychiton megaphyllus: a deciduous shrub that flowers while leafless during the tropical dry season
Authors: Bate Patricia J. , Franklin Donald C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:A suite of woody plants inhabiting the seasonally dry tropics flower while leafless during the dry season, raising intriguing questions about the role of moisture limitation in shaping their phenology.Brachychiton megaphyllusis one such species, a shrub of open forests and savannas in northern Australia. We documented leaf and reproductive phenology of 14 shrubs, and irrigated a further 15, to determine if soil moisture affected leafiness and reproductive activity.Brachychiton megaphyllusshowed first flower buds shortly after the cessation of wet-season rains, and budded and flowered throughout the dry season. In some plants, leaf flush occurred prior to the first rains. Rates of fruit set and maturity were very low. Irrigation did not significantly influence leaf shoot or subsequent canopy development. Contrary to expectation, irrigation decreased the production of buds and flowers though it had no impact on the production of fruit, a response for which we suggest a number of hypotheses. Phenological responses to irrigation may have been limited becauseB. megaphyllusresponds primarily to cues other than soil moisture and is buffered against seasonal drought by a large tap root. This suggests mechanisms by which flowering while leafless may occur in a range of species.
End-of-Life Co-residence of Older Parents and Their Sons in Rural China
Authors: Cong Zhen , Silverstein Merril 
Published: July 2015

RÉSUMÉCette étude a examiné comment les échanges intergénérationnels avec des fils et des filles prédit la probabilité des parents âgés vivant ensemble avec un fils avant de mourir, dans une zone rurale de la province de l'Anhui de la Chine. Notre enquête puise des théories de la co-résidence dépendante, la modernisation et l'échange social; il a conceptualisé la co-résidence comme ayant une importance pratique et symbolique dans la culture chinoise rurale. L'échantillon comprenait 470 parents âgés qui ont été rapportés défunts au cours de la période 2001-2009, et leurs informateurs posthumes. Nous avons utilisé la régression logistique pour évaluer le soutien et la cohésion intergénérationnel entre les générations comme facteurs prédictifs de la co-résidence avec un fils juste avant la mort. Les parents âgés qui ont fourni soutien matériel à, et ont reçu soutien matériel de leur fils, et avait de meilleures relations affectives avec leurs fils, étaient plus susceptibles que leurs homologues de vivre avec un fils à la fin de la vie. Vivre avec les fils démontre la piété filiale pour les parents âgés à la fin de la vie, mais sa réalisation est sensible aux échanges entre les générations.
Observation of optical solitons in PT-symmetric lattices
Authors: Wimmer Martin , Regensburger Alois , Miri Mohammad-Ali , Bersch Christoph , Christodoulides Demetrios N. , Peschel Ulf 
Published: July 2015

AbstractControlling light transport in nonlinear active environments is a topic of considerable interest in the field of optics. In such complex arrangements, of particular importance is to devise strategies to subdue chaotic behaviour even in the presence of gain/loss and nonlinearity, which often assume adversarial roles. Quite recently, notions of parity-time (PT) symmetry have been suggested in photonic settings as a means to enforce stable energy flow in platforms that simultaneously employ both amplification and attenuation. Here we report the experimental observation of optical solitons in PT-symmetric lattices. Unlike other non-conservative nonlinear arrangements where self-trapped states appear as fixed points in the parameter space of the governing equations, discrete PT solitons form a continuous parametric family of solutions. The possibility of synthesizing PT-symmetric saturable absorbers, where a nonlinear wave finds a lossless path through an otherwise absorptive system is also demonstrated.
Large-scale controlled fabrication of highly roughened flower-like silver nanostructures in liquid crystalline phase
Authors: Yang Chengliang , Xiang Xiangjun , Zhang Ying , Peng Zenghui , Cao Zhaoliang , Wang Junlin , Xuan Li 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLarge-scale controllable fabrication of highly roughened flower-like silver nanostructures is demonstrated experimentally via electrodeposition in the liquid crystalline phase. Different sizes of silver flowers are fabricated by adjusting the deposition time and the concentration of the silver nitrate solution. The density of the silver flowers in the sample is also controllable in this work. The flower-like silver nanostructures can serve as effective surface-enhanced Raman scattering and surface-enhanced fluorescence substrates because of their local surface plasmon resonance and they may have applications in photoluminescence and catalysis. This liquid crystalline phase is used as a soft template for fabricating flower-like silver nanostructures for the first time and this approach is suitable for large-scale uniform fabrication up to several centimetres.
Hydroxyproline Ring Pucker Causes Frustration of Helix Parameters in the Collagen Triple Helix
Authors: Ying Chow W. , Bihan Dominique , Forman Chris J. , Slatter David A. , Reid David G. , Wales David J. , Farndale Richard W. , Duer Melinda J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCollagens, the most abundant proteins in mammals, are defined by their triple-helical structures and distinctive Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeating sequence, where Xaa is often proline and Yaa, hydroxyproline (Hyp/O). It is known that hydroxyproline in the Yaa position stabilises the triple helix and that lack of proline hydroxylation in vivo leads to dysfunctional collagen extracellular matrix assembly, due to a range of factors such as a change in hydration properties. In addition, we note that in model peptides, when Yaa is unmodified proline, the Xaa proline has a strong propensity to adopt an endo ring conformation, whilst when Yaa is hydroxyproline, the Xaa proline adopts a range of endo and exo conformations. Here we use a combination of solid-state NMR spectroscopy and potential energy landscape modelling of synthetic triple-helical collagen peptides to understand this effect. We show that hydroxylation of the Yaa proline causes the Xaa proline ring conformation to become metastable, which in turn confers flexibility on the triple helix.
DYVIPAC: an integrated analysis and visualisation framework to probe multi-dimensional biological networks
Authors: Nguyen Lan K. , Degasperi Andrea , Cotter Philip , Kholodenko Boris N. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBiochemical networks are dynamic and multi-dimensional systems, consisting of tens or hundreds of molecular components. Diseases such as cancer commonly arise due to changes in the dynamics of signalling and gene regulatory networks caused by genetic alternations. Elucidating the network dynamics in health and disease is crucial to better understand the disease mechanisms and derive effective therapeutic strategies. However, current approaches to analyse and visualise systems dynamics can often provide only low-dimensional projections of the network dynamics, which often does not present the multi-dimensional picture of the system behaviour. More efficient and reliable methods for multi-dimensional systems analysis and visualisation are thus required. To address this issue, we here present an integrated analysis and visualisation framework for high-dimensional network behaviour which exploits the advantages provided by parallel coordinates graphs. We demonstrate the applicability of the framework, named “Dynamics Visualisation based on Parallel Coordinates” (DYVIPAC), to a variety of signalling networks ranging in topological wirings and dynamic properties. The framework was proved useful in acquiring an integrated understanding of systems behaviour.
Optical nanoscopy of transient states in condensed matter
Authors: Kuschewski F. , Kehr S.C. , Green B. , Bauer Ch. , Gensch M. , Eng L.M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecently, the fundamental and nanoscale understanding of complex phenomena in materials research and the life sciences, witnessed considerable progress. However, elucidating the underlying mechanisms, governed by entangled degrees of freedom such as lattice, spin, orbit and charge for solids or conformation, electric potentials and ligands for proteins, has remained challenging. Techniques that allow for distinguishing between different contributions to these processes are hence urgently required. In this paper we demonstrate the application of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) as a novel type of nano-probe for tracking transient states of matter. We introduce a sideband-demodulation technique that allows for probing exclusively the stimuli-induced change of near-field optical properties. We exemplify this development by inspecting the decay of an electron-hole plasma generated in SiGe thin films through near-infrared laser pulses. Our approach can universally be applied to optically track ultrafast/-slow processes over the whole spectral range from UV to THz frequencies.