bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction Capability in the 3 Anatomic Planes of Different Pedicle Screw Designs in Scoliosis Instrumentation
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Aubin Carl-Eric , Coleman John , Rawlinson Jeremy 
Published: May 2014

Study Design:
Computer simulations to compare the correction capabilities of different pedicle screws in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) instrumentations.

Objective:
To compare the correction and resulting bone-screw forces associated with different pedicle screws in scoliosis instrumentations.

Summary of Background Data:
Pedicle screw fixation is widely used in surgical instrumentation for spinal deformity treatment. Screw design, correction philosophies, and surgical techniques are constantly evolving to achieve better control of the vertebrae and correction of the spinal deformity. Yet, there remains a lack of biomechanical studies that quantify the effects and advantages of different screw designs in terms of correction kinematics.

Methods:
The correction capabilities of fixed-angle, multiaxial, uniaxial, and saddle axial screws were kinematically analyzed, simulated, and compared. These simulations were based on the screw patterns and correction techniques proposed by 2 experienced surgeons for 2 AIS cases. Additional instrumentations were assessed to compare the correction and resulting bone-screw forces associated with each type of screw.

Results:
The fixed-angle, uniaxial and saddle axial screws had similar kinematic behavior and performed better than multiaxial screws in the coronal and transverse planes (8% and 30% greater simulated corrections, respectively). Uniaxial and multiaxial screws were less effective than fixed-angle and saddle axial screws in transmitting compression/distraction to the anterior spine because of their sagittal plane mobility between the screw head and shank. Only the saddle axial screws allow vertebra angle in the sagittal plane to be independently adjusted.

Conclusions:
Pedicle screws of different designs performed differently for deformity corrections or for compensating screw placement variations in different anatomic planes. For a given AIS case, screw types should be determined based on the particular instrumentation objectives, the deformity’s stiffness and characteristics so as to make the best of the screw designs.
Threshold effects in pricing of high-involvement services
Authors: C. Larson Alexander , L. Reicher Rita , William Johnsen David 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this research is to test for price threshold effects in the demand for high-involvement services for small businesses.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors use a stated preference choice-based conjoint study of small business telecommunications demand. Using survey data, individual-level parameter estimates for a demand model are achieved via the Hierarchical Bayes method of estimation.

Findings
– For demand for small business telecommunications services, the authors find very strong positive impacts of nine-ending and zero-ending prices on the demand for a common bundle of telecommunications services (wired telephone service, broadband internet, and cellular telephone service), even at prices so high a shift in the left-most digit does not occur.

Practical implications
– The advertising, brand, or product manager or statistician who assumes threshold effects are not extant in high-involvement service demand may find conventional demand estimation methods lead to erroneous conclusions and less effective pricing strategies.

Originality/value
– In the statistical literature on price-ending effects on product demand, most products for which demand is modelled are low-involvement consumer products priced at less than ten monetary units per unit of product. There is a lacuna in this price-ending effects literature regarding small businesses and high-involvement services offered at three-digit prices via monthly subscription. This research indicates that testing for threshold effects should be de rigeur in the methodology of demand estimation for telecommunications or other high-involvement services.
The effect of product category on consumer brand relationships
Authors: Fetscherin Marc , Boulanger Michèle , Gonçalves Filho Cid , Quiroga Souki Gustavo 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate the effect of product category on consumer brand relationships.Design/methodology/approach– Based on a total of 800 consumers, respondents evaluated their relationship with their favorite brand in one of the four product categories studied (soft drink, mobile phone, shoes, cars). EFA, subsequent CFA, SEM and ANOVA were used to assess these relationships and the product category effect.Findings– The authors find that brand love positively influences brand loyalty and both, influence positively WOM and purchase intention. Looking at the directionality of these relationships, the results show no product category differences. However, the authors found significant differences in terms of their intensity and their effect on the explanation power of the brand outcome variables WOM and purchase intention.Research limitations/implications– The survey was conducted in Brazil and future research should assess the same product categories in other cultural settings as well as consider other product categories to assess the external validity of these results.Practical implications– This paper demonstrates that consumer brand relationships are not product category specific. However, certain product categories tend to have more intense relationships than other product categories.Originality/value– Despite the importance of the product category effect in the branding literature, this study shows that consumer brand relationship theory can be applied to different product categories. This suggests, the product category is less important in the study design than the unit of analysis which requires to be consumer's favorite brands.
Social standing and quality labels – what influences parental decision-making?
Authors: Faupel Ulya , Haselhoff Vanessa , Ziesak Miriam , H. Holzmüller Hartmut 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– Altering eating habits are leading to an increase in child obesity rates, especially in lower social class. One possible prevention activity is the implementation of a quality label for children's food. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate parents' food choice criteria in light of social standing to deduce the possible impact of such a quality label.Design/methodology/approach– A total of 15 qualitative interviews were conducted with parents of different social class. Topics discussed were general diets, grocery shopping behaviour and attitudes towards food quality labels.Findings– Results indicate that parents have similar choice criteria independent of their social class, e.g. quality, price, brand and children's preferences. Nutrition panels and quality labels are not of highest importance. Nonetheless, a need for information exists and their involvement in child nutrition seems to determine the possible impact of quality labels.Research limitations/implications– The qualitative methodology can be seen as a limitation of the study. The influence of involvement has to be further analysed.Originality/value– Some research on the influence of quality labels in general and on family decision-making when shopping for food and with regard to differences in social class does exist. This study contributes to existing research by combining these research streams.
Evidence‐Based Practice Competence: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Laibhen‐Parkes Natasha 
Published: May 2014

PurposeTo report an analysis of the concept of evidence‐based practice competence for nurses using Walker and Avant's (2011) eight‐step, iterative concept analysis process as a guide.Data SourcesCumulativeIndex toNursing andAlliedHealthLiterature,PubMed,OVID,PsycINFO, andSociologicalAbstracts were searched.Data SynthesisReferences were read and analyzed according to associated meanings, usages, attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents.ConclusionAn operational definition for the concept was developed.Implications for Nursing PracticeA clear and operational definition of evidence‐based practice competence will help guide nurses at all levels of experience to use the best available evidence for improving the quality of care and maximizing patient outcomes.
Using a Nursing Theory or a Model in Nursing PhD Dissertations: A Qualitative Study From Turkey
Authors: Mete Samiye , Gokçe İsbir Gozde 
Published: May 2014

PurposeThe aim of this study was to reveal experiences of nursing students and their advisors using theories and models in their PhD dissertations.MethodsThe study adopted a descriptive qualitative approach. This study was performed with 10 PhD candidates and their five advisors from nursing faculty.ResultsThe results of the study were categorized into four. These are reasons for using a theory/model in a PhD dissertation, reasons for preferring a given model, causes of difficulties in using models in PhD dissertations, and facilitating factors of using theories and models in PhD of dissertations.ConclusionsIt was also reported to contribute to the methodology of research and professional development of the students and advisors.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the i‐gel® vs laryngeal mask airway in children
Authors: Choi G. J. , Kang H. , Baek C. W. , Jung Y. H. , Woo Y. C. , Cha Y. J. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryWe systematically reviewed randomised controlled trials of the i‐gel® vs different types of laryngeal mask airway in children. We included nine studies. There was no evidence for differences in: rate of insertion at first attempt; insertion time; ease of insertion; or gastric tube insertion. The mean (95% CI) oropharyngeal leak pressure was 3.29 (2.25–4.34) cmH2O higher with the i‐gel, p < 0.00001. The relative rate (95% CI) of a good fibreoptic view through the i‐gel was 1.10 (1.01–1.19), p = 0.02. There were no significant differences in the rates of complications, except for blood on the airway, relative rate with the i‐gel 0.46 (0.23–0.91), p = 0.02. We concluded that the clinical performance of the i‐gel and LMA was similar, except for three outcomes that favoured the i‐gel.
The inhibition of proactive interference among adults with Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Ko Chih‐Hung , Wang Peng‐Wei , Liu Tai‐Ling , Yen Cheng‐Fang , Chen Cheng‐Sheng , Yen Ju‐Yu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIntroductionCognitive control plays a pivotal role in the mechanism of addictive behavior. The aim of the study was to evaluate the deficit in inhibition of proactive interference of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) using a directed forgetting task among young adults.MethodsA total of 64 participants with IGD and 69 controls were recruited on a university campus. They completed the directed forgetting task for online gaming words and neutral words.ResultsThe results demonstrated that the IGD group had a poorer performance on the directed forgetting task, and this represented a deficit in inhibition of proactive interference. They also had a higher tendency to remember online gaming words rather than neutral words in comparison with the control group. This demonstrated memory bias toward online gaming words.DiscussionThese results suggested that more attention should be paid to deficits in inhibition of proactive interference and memory bias toward gaming content when treating subjects with IGD. Furthermore, it is essential and practical to prevent exposure to online gaming‐related cues when endeavoring to control online gaming behavior.
Pharmacogenetics, Plasma Concentrations, Clinical Signs and EEG During Propofol Treatment
Authors: Khan Muhammad Suleman , Zetterlund Eva‐Lena , Gréen Henrik , Oscarsson Anna , Zackrisson Anna‐Lena , Svanborg Eva , Lindholm Maj‐Lis , Persson Harald , Eintrei Christina 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA variety of techniques have been developed to monitor the depth of anaesthesia. Propofol's pharmacokinetics and response vary greatly, which might be explained by genetic polymorphisms. We investigated the impact of genetic variations on dosage, anaesthetic depth and recovery after total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol. A total of 101 patients were enrolled in the study. The plasma concentration of propofol during anaesthesia was measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. EEG was monitored during the surgical procedure as a measure of anaesthetic depth. Pyrosequencing was used to determine genetic polymorphisms in CYP2B6, CYP2C9, the UGTIA9‐promotor and the GABRE gene. The correlation between genotype and to plasma concentration at the time of loss of consciousness (LOC), the total induction dose, the time to anaesthesia, eye opening and clearance were investigated. EEG monitoring showed that the majority of the patients had not reached a sufficient level of anaesthetic depth (subdelta) at the time of loss of consciousness despite a high induction dose of propofol. Patients with UGT1A9‐331C/T had a higher propofol clearance than those without (p = 0.03) and required a higher induction dose (p = 0.03). The patients with UGT1A9‐1818T/C required a longer time to LOC (p = 0.03). The patients with CYP2C9*2 had a higher concentration of propofol at the time of LOC (p = 0.02). The polymorphisms in the metabolizing enzymes and the receptor could not explain the large variation seen in the pharmacokinetics of propofol and the clinical response seen. At LOC, the patients showed a large difference in EEG pattern.
Effect of naltrexone on neuropathic pain in mice locally transfected with the mutant μ‐opioid receptor gene in spinal cord
Authors: Kao Jen‐Hsin , Gao Man‐Jun , Yang Pao‐Pao , Law Ping‐Yee , Loh Horace H , Tao Pao‐Luh 
Published: May 2014

Background and PurposeOpioid antagonists, such as naloxone and naltrexone, exhibit agonistic properties at the mutated μ receptor, MOR‐S196ACSTA. In our previous study, systemic naloxone (10 mg·kg−1, s.c.) elicited antinociceptive effect without the induction of tolerance, dependence or rewarding effect in mice 2 weeks after intrathecal administration of double‐stranded adeno‐associated virus‐MOR‐S196ACSTA‐eGFP. Here, we have investigated if this antinociceptive paradigm would be effective in a mouse model of neuropathic pain.Experimental ApproachSpinal nerves were ligated in male C57BL/6 mice 3 or 4 weeks after intrathecal injection of the lentivirus encoding the construct of MOR‐S196ACSTA‐eGFP (LV‐MOR‐S196ACSTA). Anti‐allodynic effects of daily s.c.injections of saline, naltrexone (10 mg·kg−1) or morphine (10 mg·kg−1) were assessed by the von Frey test. After 14 days of treatment with saline, naltrexone or morphine, signs of natural withdrawal were measured at 22 and 46 h after the last injection. To determine the rewarding effects induced by morphine or naltrexone, the conditioned place preference test was carried out.Key ResultsAnti‐allodynic effects, as measured by von Frey test, increased after naltrexone or morphine treatment in mice transfected with LV‐MOR‐S196ACSTA in the spinal cord. Cessation of treatment with morphine, but not naltrexone, induced natural withdrawal and rewarding effects.Conclusions and ImplicationsSystemic injection of naltrexone after the expression of a mutant μ opioid receptor, MOR‐S196ACSTA, in the spinal cord may have therapeutic potential for chronic neuropathic pain, without the development of dependence or addiction.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2
Does stapled anopexy for bleeding haemorrhoids cure associated anaemia?
Authors: Hidalgo‐Grau L. A. , Llorca‐Cardeñosa S. , Heredia‐Budó A. , Estrada‐Ferrer Ò. , Del Bas‐Rubia M. , García‐Torralbo E. M. , Suñol‐Sala X. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of stapled anopexy (SA) in patients with chronic bleeding haemorrhoids and secondary anaemia.MethodOur department performed 340 SA procedure per patient for haemorrhoids between January 1999 and December 2011. Fifty (14.7%) of these patients (25 male patients and 25 female patients) had anaemia (haemoglobin concentration < 13 g/dl in male patients and < 12 g/dl in female patients) secondary to chronic haemorrhoidal bleeding. Patients with colorectal bleeding and anaemia not caused by haemorrhoids were excluded. The mean (SD) age was 56.4 (13.9) years and the mean (SD) haemoglobin concentration was 9.2 (1.6) g/dl for male patients and 10.4 (1.2) g/dl for female patients. Five (10%) patients with anaemia had Grade II, 22 (44%) had Grade III and 23 (46%) had Grade IV haemorrhoids. The median (range) duration of postoperative follow‐up was six (1–12) years.ResultsNone of the patients required early postoperative admission or experienced early or late complications related to SA. The procedure was successful (normal haemoglobin concentration and no bleeding at 6 months postsurgery) in 45 (90%) patients. Of the five (10%) patients in whom SA was ineffective, one had Grade II, three had Grade III and one had Grade IV haemorrhoids. All these patients underwent Milligan–Morgan haemorrhoidectomy 3 months after SA.ConclusionSA is an effective treatment for patients with bleeding haemorrhoids and subsequent anaemia. In our experience, the success rate was satisfactory and there were no serious complications.
The risk of recurrent IgA nephropathy in a steroid‐free protocol and other modifying immunosuppression
Authors: Von Visger J. R. , Gunay Y. , Andreoni K. A. , Bhatt U. Y. , Nori U. S. , Pesavento T. E. , Elkhammas E. A. , Winters H. A. , Nadasdy T. , Singh N. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRecurrent glomerulonephritis is an important cause of kidney allograft failure. The effect of immunosuppression on recurrent IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is unclear. We analyzed the impact of steroids and other immunosuppression on the risk of recurrent IgAN post‐kidney transplantation. Between June 1989 and November 2008, 3311 kidney transplants were performed at our center. IgAN was the primary disease in 124 patients; of these, 75 (60.5%) patients received steroid‐based immunosuppression (15 undergoing late steroid withdrawal), and 49 (39.5%) were maintained on steroid‐free immunosuppression. Recurrent IgAN was diagnosed in 27 of 124 (22%) patients in clinically indicated kidney allograft biopsies over a median follow‐up of 6.86 ± 5.4 yr. On cox proportional hazards model multivariate analysis, the hazard risk (HR) of IgAN recurrence was significantly higher in patients managed with steroid‐free (HR 8.59: 3.03, 24.38, p < 0.001) and sirolimus‐based (HR = 3.00:1.16, 7.75, p = 0.024) immunosuppression without antilymphocyte globulin induction (HR = 4.5: 1.77, 11.73, p = 0.002). Mycophenolate use was associated with a lower risk (HR = 0.42: 0.19, 0.95, p = 0.036), whereas cyclosporine did not have a significant impact on the risk of IgAN recurrence (p = 0.61). These results warrant future prospective studies regarding the role of steroids and other immunosuppression drugs in reducing recurrence of IgAN and other glomerulonephritis post‐transplant.
Depletion and Capture: Revisiting “The Source of Water Derived from Wells”
Authors: Konikow L.F. , Leake S.A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA natural consequence of groundwater withdrawals is the removal of water from subsurface storage, but the overall rates and magnitude of groundwater depletion and capture relative to groundwater withdrawals (extraction or pumpage) have not previously been well characterized. This study assesses the partitioning of long‐term cumulative withdrawal volumes into fractions derived from storage depletion and capture, where capture includes both increases in recharge and decreases in discharge. Numerical simulation of a hypothetical groundwater basin is used to further illustrate some of Theis' (1940) principles, particularly when capture is constrained by insufficient available water. Most prior studies of depletion and capture have assumed that capture is unconstrained through boundary conditions that yield linear responses. Examination of real systems indicates that capture and depletion fractions are highly variable in time and space. For a large sample of long‐developed groundwater systems, the depletion fraction averages about 0.15 and the capture fraction averages about 0.85 based on cumulative volumes. Higher depletion fractions tend to occur in more arid regions, but the variation is high and the correlation coefficient between average annual precipitation and depletion fraction for individual systems is only 0.40. Because 85% of long‐term pumpage is derived from capture in these real systems, capture must be recognized as a critical factor in assessing water budgets, groundwater storage depletion, and sustainability of groundwater development. Most capture translates into streamflow depletion, so it can detrimentally impact ecosystems.
A Hierarchical Bayesian Model Averaging Framework for Groundwater Prediction under Uncertainty
Authors: Chitsazan Nima , Tsai Frank T.‐C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGroundwater prediction models are subjected to various sources of uncertainty. This study introduces a hierarchical Bayesian model averaging (HBMA) method to segregate and prioritize sources of uncertainty in a hierarchical structure and conductBMAfor concentration prediction. ABMAtree of models is developed to understand the impact of individual sources of uncertainty and uncertainty propagation to model predictions.HBMAevaluates the relative importance of different modeling propositions at each level in theBMAtree of model weights. TheHBMAmethod is applied to chloride concentration prediction for the “1,500‐foot” sand of the Baton Rouge area, Louisiana from 2005 to 2029. The groundwater head data from 1990 to 2004 is used for model calibration. Four sources of uncertainty are considered and resulted in 180 flow and transport models for concentration prediction. The results show that prediction variances of concentration from uncertain model elements are much higher than the prediction variance from uncertain model parameters. TheHBMAmethod is able to quantify the contributions of individual sources of uncertainty to the total uncertainty.
Assessing patients' and caregivers' perspectives on stability of factor VIII products for haemophilia A: a web‐based study in the United States and Canada
Authors: DiBenedetti D. B. , Coles T. M. , Sharma T. , Pericleous L. , Kulkarni R. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryHaemophilia A is a rare inherited bleeding disorder characterized by an inability of the blood to clot normally. Patients can experience spontaneous or trauma‐induced joint and soft tissue bleeding and must keep coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) accessible at all times; thus, FVIII product storage and stability are critical. Our primary objective was to assess haemophilia A patients' and caregivers' experiences and preferences with FVIII product storage and stability. A secondary objective was to evaluate the use of the social media site Facebook in recruitment. In this cross‐sectional study, 145 English‐speaking adult patients and caregivers of children with haemophilia A were recruited through two state‐based haemophilia organizations in the United States (US) and one national organization in Canada for a web‐based survey assessing demographics and FVIII product ordering, usage, and storage practices. Of the 101 individuals who completed the survey, 60% resided in Canada; 57% were recruited through Facebook. Caregivers and patients responded similarly to questions about ordering practices and product usage, with some distinction between groups in storage practices. Two‐thirds of participants noted challenges with storing FVIII products, especially storage away from home. More than half preferred storing FVIII products at room temperature vs. in the refrigerator for long periods of time. FVIII product accessibility, usage and storage affect disease management. Results support the need for more convenient and accessible FVIII products for patients in daily life and while travelling. In addition, the use of social media has potential value in recruiting this population.