bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries and its association with binge drinking among 12‐year‐olds: a population‐based study
Authors: Paiva Paula C. P. , Paiva Haroldo N. , Oliveira Filho Paulo M. , Lamounier Joel A. , Ferreira Raquel C. , Ferreira Efigênia F. , Zarzar Patrícia M. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries and its association with binge drinking among 12‐year‐old schoolchildren.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out involving 588 students from a medium‐sized city in Brazil. Data were collected through a clinical examination and self‐administered questionnaires. Andreasen's classification was used for the determination of traumatic dental injuries. The consumption of alcoholic beverages and binge drinking were evaluated using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption. Socio‐economic status, overjet, and inadequate lip seal were also analysed. Associations were tested using the multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence rates of traumatic dental injuries, alcohol consumption in one's lifetime, and binge drinking were 29.9%, 45.6%, and 23.1%, respectively. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries was significantly higher among those who engaged in binge drinking (PR = 1.410; 95% CI: 1.133–1.754) and even higher among those with inadequate lip protection and accentuated overjet (PR = 3.288; 95% CI: 2.391–4.522 and PR = 1.838; 95% CI: 1.470–2.298, respectively).ConclusionsA higher prevalence rate of traumatic dental injuries was found among 12‐year‐olds who engaged in binge drinking. The high rate of alcohol intake among adolescents is worrisome considering the vulnerability of this population due to the intense transformations that occur in the transition from childhood to adulthood.
Correlation Between Histopathologic, Arthroscopic, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Dogs With Medial Coronoid Disease
Authors: Wavreille Vincent , Fitzpatrick Noel , Drost Wm Tod , Russell Duncan , Allen Matthew J. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arthroscopic, and histopathologic changes in dogs with medial coronoid disease and to identify potential relationships between these findings.Study DesignRetrospective case series.Sample PopulationTwenty‐five diseased medial coronoid processes (MCP) were collected from 19 dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of medial coronoid disease that were surgically treated by subtotal coronoid ostectomy. A reference group of normal MCP was collected from 9 dogs euthanatized for reasons unrelated to elbow disease.MethodsMCP specimens were evaluated by MRI using a novel grading scheme (all dogs), arthroscopy using a modified Outerbridge scheme (affected dogs only) and histopathology (all dogs).ResultsThe common histopathologic findings were subchondral microfractures, subchondral microfractures continuous with cartilaginous fissures, moderate to severe hypercellularity of the marrow space, trabecular bone necrosis, and articular cartilage degeneration. The severity of cartilage disease in the MCP was moderate to severe in most specimens, even in cases with minimal arthroscopic pathology. Three distinct patterns of bone marrow lesion (BML) were identified adjacent to the MCP, but there was no correlation between BML pattern and either histopathologic or arthroscopic findings. There was moderate correlation between modified Outerbridge scores and MRI scores. No correlation was identified between the histopathologic changes and either MRI or arthroscopic scores.ConclusionThere was no significant correlation between the clinical scores and histopathologic changes. Ongoing improvements in the resolution of noninvasive imaging techniques will likely improve description and understanding of the MCP disease in dogs.
Large Intra‐Abdominal Abscess Treatment by Marsupialization in 2 Alpacas
Authors: Rodvold Rebecca , Mendez‐Angulo Jose L. , Firshman Anna M. , Malone Erin , Nicholson Anne 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo report the clinical signs, diagnostic findings, surgical treatment, postoperative complications, and long‐term outcome in 2 adult alpacas with large intra‐abdominal abscesses treated by marsupialization of the abscess to the ventral body wall.Study DesignClinical report.AnimalsAlpacas (n = 2).MethodsTwo alpacas each presented with decreased appetite, lethargy, poor body condition, and marked abdominal distension. A complete physical examination, abdominal radiography, and ultrasonography confirmed the presence of large intra‐abdominal abscesses. Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus was cultured from the abscess fluid of alpaca 1, and a Gram‐negative bacillus from alpaca 2.ResultsBoth alpacas had exploratory celiotomy with marsupialization of the abdominal abscess to the ventral body wall. Postoperatively, alpacas were administered systemic antibiotics and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and the abscesses were lavaged for several days. Alpaca 2 required a second surgical procedure. The abscesses ultimately resolved in both alpacas, with body wall hernia formation as the only major complication. Both alpacas had good long‐term outcomes.ConclusionMarsupialization to the ventral abdominal wall with concurrent antibiotic treatment should be considered as a treatment option for alpacas with large intra‐abdominal abscesses in which complete surgical resection of the abscess is not possible. An abdominal wall hernia can result from this procedure, and clients should be informed of this potential complication before surgery.
Effect of One‐Lung Ventilation With or Without Low‐Pressure Carbon Dioxide Insufflation on Cardiorespiratory Variables in Cats Undergoing Thoracoscopy
Authors: Mayhew Philipp D. , Pascoe Peter J. , Shilo‐Benjamini Yael , Kass Philip H. , Johnson Lynelle R. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo document a technique for one‐lung ventilation (OLV) in cats and evaluate the effect of low‐pressure carbon dioxide insufflation and OLV (OLV–CDI) on cardiorespiratory variables in cats.Study designProspective randomized study.AnimalsCats (n = 6).MethodsGeneral anesthesia was induced using a standardized anesthetic protocol. A thermodilution catheter was placed into the pulmonary artery using fluoroscopic guidance. Two 6 mm thoracoscopic cannulae were placed at a subxiphoid and intercostal location, respectively, to allow direct observation of all lung lobes. OLV was induced using an endobronchial blocker, which was placed into the right and left main stem bronchi in randomized order using bronchoscopic guidance. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured at 5 and 30 minutes after induction of OLV and subsequently at 5 and 30 minutes after initiation of OLV–CDI at intra‐thoracic pressures of 3 mmHg.ResultsLeft‐sided OLV was successful in 5 cats, right‐sided OLV was successful in 2 cats, and neither was successful in 1 cat. No significant effects on hemodynamic variables or oxygen delivery were observed after right or left‐sided OLV alone. Hemodynamic variables were also well‐preserved after OLV–CDI; however, oxygen delivery was significantly lower after left OLV–CDI compared with right OLV–CDI, and in 2 cats, severe desaturation occurred after L‐OLV–CDI before the 30 minute time point.ConclusionsOLV can be used in cats for thoracoscopic interventions. Although right OLV–CDI was tolerated better than left OLV–CDI, the technique requires further investigation before it can be recommended for widespread clinical use.
The role of the antisperm antibodies in male infertility assessment after microsurgical varicocelectomy
Authors: Bozhedomov V. A. , Lipatova N. A. , Alexeev R. A. , Alexandrova L. M. , Nikolaeva M. A. , Sukhikh G. T. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAntisperm antibodies (ASA) are a cause of male infertility. ASA are often found in varicocele patients. The study objective was to assess the ASA role in fertility recovery after varicocelectomy. The longitudinal study involved 99 patients with varicocele. Patients were examined according to the WHO recommendations; ASA level was measured using the direct method of Sperm MAR test: 66 patients were ASA‐negative, 33 had MAR‐IgG ≥ 10%. All patients underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy. Student's t‐test, Wilcoxon test, Chi‐squared test and signed rank test were used for data analysis. The retrospective analysis of all operated patients data showed that the patients without spermiogram improvement after varicocelectomy had higher ASA levels. 3 months after the surgery, the initially ASA‐negative varicocele patients demonstrated 2.5 times increase in number of progressive motile spermatozoa in the ejaculate (p < 0.001), accompanied by 6% decrease in abnormal sperm count (p < 0.05); the spermiogram parameters improved in 77% of cases (p < 0.01). After the surgery, ASA developed in 16% of cases (Max ‐ MAR‐IgG = 12%). The patients who were initially ASA‐positive demonstrated ASA decrease only in half of the cases (16 of 33; p > 0.05). The main outcome in this group was a favourable response to the surgery (ASA level decrease) vs. no reduction in autoimmune process. The improvement in the ASA‐positive group was demonstrated in the patients with higher varicocele grade (median – 2 vs. 1; p < 0.05) and lower ASA level (MAR‐IgG = 48% vs. 92%; p < 0.01). The pregnancy rate within a year after surgery was 2.8 times more frequent in couples with ASA‐negative men: 39% (25 of 65) in the ASA‐negative group compared to 14% (4 of 28) in the ASA‐positive group (p < 0.05). Thus, antisperm immune response decreases the varicocelectomy efficacy for reproductive function recovery: the higher percentage of ASA and lower grade of varicocele are associated with an unfavourable prognosis.
A systematic review of systematic reviews on interventions for caregivers of people with chronic conditions
Authors: Corry Margarita , While Alison , Neenan Kathleen , Smith Valerie 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to support caregivers of people with selected chronic conditions.BackgroundInformal caregivers provide millions of care hours each week contributing to significant healthcare savings. Despite much research evaluating a range of interventions for caregivers, their impact remains unclear.DesignA systematic review of systematic reviews of interventions to support caregivers of people with selected chronic conditions.Data sourcesThe electronic databases of PubMed, CINAHL, British Nursing Index, PsycINFO, Social Science Index (January 1990–May 2014) and The Cochrane Library (Issue 6, June 2014), were searched using Medical Subject Heading and index term combinations of the keywords caregiver, systematic review, intervention and named chronic conditions.Review methodsPapers were included if they reported a systematic review of interventions for caregivers of people with chronic conditions. The methodological quality of the included reviews was independently assessed by two reviewers using R‐AMSTAR. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers using a pre‐designed data extraction form. Narrative synthesis of review findings was used to present the results.ResultsEight systematic reviews were included. There was evidence that education and support programme interventions improved caregiver quality of life. Information‐giving interventions improved caregiver knowledge for stroke caregivers.ConclusionEducation, support and information‐giving interventions warrant further investigation across caregiver groups. A large‐scale funded programme for caregiver research is required to ensure that studies are of high quality to inform service development across settings.
Trade‐off of ovarian lipids and total body lipids for fecundity and starvation resistance in tropical populations of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kalra B. , Parkash R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn Drosophila melanogaster, clines of starvation resistance along a latitudinal gradient (south to north) have been reported in India, which matched with their cline for total body lipids (TL). Nevertheless, producing too many reserves is likely to be costly and a trade‐off might exist with life‐history traits. Previous studies on starvation resistance and life‐history traits of D. melanogaster have mainly focused on quantification of total body lipids, instead of separating ovarian lipids from total body lipids. In the present study, we have quantified absolute ovarian lipids (OL) versus absolute body lipids excluding ovarian lipids (BL) and examined associations with fecundity as well as starvation resistance in two latitudinal populations (8.34 vs. 32.43°N) of D. melanogaster. Firstly, we observed a trade‐off between BL and OL that matched the trade‐off of starvation resistance, longevity versus fecundity and development time in latitudinal populations of D. melanogaster. Southern populations had higher starvation resistance, more BL and lesser OL, whereas northern populations had enhanced fecundity, OL and lesser BL. Secondly, within population, starvation resistance also correlated with BL, and fecundity with OL. However, there was no correlation between starvation resistance and OL. Moreover, there was utilization of BL and nonutilization of OL under starvation stress. Therefore, resources invested for fecundity in the form of OL were independent of evolved starvation resistance in D. melanogaster. Our results suggest that a common pool of energy storage compounds (lipids) are allocated differentially between fecundity and starvation resistance and are consistent with Y‐model of resource allocation.
Pipeline for illumination correction of images for high‐throughput microscopy
Authors: SINGH S. , BRAY M.‐A. , JONES T.R. , CARPENTER A.E. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe presence of systematic noise in images in high‐throughput microscopy experiments can significantly impact the accuracy of downstream results. Among the most common sources of systematic noise is non‐homogeneous illumination across the image field. This often adds an unacceptable level of noise, obscures true quantitative differences and precludes biological experiments that rely on accurate fluorescence intensity measurements.In this paper, we seek to quantify the improvement in the quality of high‐content screen readouts due to software‐based illumination correction. We present a straightforward illumination correction pipeline that has been used by our group across many experiments. We test the pipeline on real‐world high‐throughput image sets and evaluate the performance of the pipeline at two levels: (a) Z′‐factor to evaluate the effect of the image correction on a univariate readout, representative of a typical high‐content screen, and (b) classification accuracy on phenotypic signatures derived from the images, representative of an experiment involving more complex data mining. We find that applying the proposed post‐hoc correction method improves performance in both experiments, even when illumination correction has already been applied using software associated with the instrument.To facilitate the ready application and future development of illumination correction methods, we have made our complete test data sets as well as open‐source image analysis pipelines publicly available. This software‐based solution has the potential to improve outcomes for a wide‐variety of image‐based HTS experiments.
In vivo measurement of fascicle length and pennation of the human anconeus muscle at several elbow joint angles
Authors: Stevens Daniel E. , Smith Cameron B. , Harwood Brad , Rice Charles L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractUltrasound imaging has facilitated the reliable measure of the architectural variables fascicle length (LF) and pennation angle (PA), at rest and during static and dynamic contractions in many human skeletal muscles in vivo. Despite its small size and very modest contribution to elbow extension torque, the anconeus muscle has proven a useful model for the study of neuromuscular function in health and disease. Recent single motor unit (MU) studies in the anconeus have reported discrete and identifiable individual trains of MU potentials from intramuscular electromyography (EMG) recordings during dynamic elbow extensions. It is unknown whether the anconeus has unique architectural features related to alterations in LF and PA throughout the elbow joint range of motion that may help explain these high‐quality recordings. Previous anatomical studies have investigated this muscle in cadavers and at mainly one elbow joint angle. The purpose of this study was to measure in vivo PA and LF of the anconeus muscle in a relaxed state at different degrees of elbow flexion using ultrasonography. Ultrasound images were collected from 10 healthy males (25 ± 3 years) at 135°, 120°, 90°, 45°, and 0° of elbow flexion. Average values of LF decreased by 6 mm (10%), 6 mm (12%), and 4 mm (9%) from 135–120°, 120–90°, and 90–45° of elbow flexion, respectively, whereas average PA values increased by 1° (9%), 1° (8%), and 2° (14%) from 135–120°, 120–90°, and 45–0°, respectively. The results indicate that anconeus muscle architecture is dynamic, undergoing moderate changes with elbow joint excursion that are similar to other limb muscles reported elsewhere. The data obtained here are more comprehensive and representative of architectural changes at various elbow joint positions than those data reported in cadaveric studies. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that despite experiencing similar relative changes in muscle architecture to other skeletal muscles about the elbow joint, the minimal absolute changes in LF of the anconeus likely contribute to the clarity of intramuscular EMG previously reported in this muscle.
CLIF‐SOFA scoring system accurately predicts short‐term mortality in acutely decompensated patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Lee Minjong , Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Oh Sohee , Jang Yoonhyuk , Lee Wonik , Lee Hyung Joo , Yoo Jeong‐ju , Choi Won‐Mook , Cho Young Youn , Cho Yuri , Lee Dong Hyeon , Lee Yun Bin , Yu Su Jong , Yi Nam‐Joon , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Kim Yoon Jun , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Suh Kyung‐Suk , Lee Hyo‐Suk 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsAccurate prognostication of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is essential for therapeutic decisions. Our aim was to validate a novel scoring system for predicting mortality, the chronic liver failure‐sequential organ failure assessment (CLIF‐SOFA), in a population of Asian patients with ACLF.MethodsA total of 345 patients with acutely decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis were selected for study, comparing areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves of CLIF‐SOFA and five existing scoring systems for end‐stage liver disease [model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD), MELD‐Na, Refit‐MELD, Refit‐MELD‐Na, and Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh].ResultsCLIF‐SOFA displayed the highest AUROC of 0.943 significantly outperforming all five reference methods in predicting short‐term mortality at Week 4 (all P < 0.001) by competing risk analysis. In 262 patients given supportive care only, the power of CLIF‐SOFA to predict short‐term mortality was high (AUROC: 0.952 at Week 1; 0.959 at Week 4), again surpassing the other methods (all P < 0.001). For the remaining 83 liver transplant recipients, CLIF‐SOFA also excelled in predicting 12‐week mortality (AUROC: 0.978); and high‐grade ACLF by CLIF‐SOFA was associated with prolonged postoperative mechanical support (i.e. mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy) and ICU stays (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsCLIF‐SOFA enables more accurate prediction of short‐term mortality in patients with acutely decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis than other available scoring systems and is useful in predicting both 12‐week mortality and the need for mechanical support after liver transplantation.
A Multiwavelet Neural Network‐Based Response Surface Method for Structural Reliability Analysis
Authors: Dai Hongzhe , Zhang Hao , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA new multiwavelet neural network‐based response surface method is proposed for efficient structural reliability assessment. Although multiwavelet network can be used for approximating nonlinear functions, its application has been limited to small dimension problems due to computational cost. The new method expands the application of multiwavelet network to moderate dimension by introducing a series of intermediate nodes, and the number of these intermediate nodes is determined by the multiwavelet theory. Thus, a multidimensional function learning problem is transformed into a one‐dimensional function learning problem. Four examples involving one stochastic finite element‐based reliability problem illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which indicate that the new method is more efficient up to 10 random variables than the classical multilayer perceptron‐based response surface method.
Long‐Distance‐Commuter (LDC) Lane: A New Concept for Freeway Traffic Management
Authors: Qu Xiaobo , Wang Shuaian 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMany freeways connect two major cities (e.g., Gold Coast to Brisbane) in Australia. A great portion of commuters travel between these two cities whereas the number of commuters taking the on‐ramps and off‐ramps in between is comparatively small. Enlightened by this observation, we propose a novel and practical concept for freeway traffic management: long‐distance‐commuter (LDC) lane. The LDC lane is a dedicated lane that only commuters traveling between the two major cities can use. Since there is no or only minor disturbance from forced lane‐changing of vehicles from other lanes, the LDC lane admits a much higher capacity. Our preliminary case study based on the freeway between Gold Coast and Brisbane demonstrates that using the LDC lane significantly increases the average speed as well as overall capacity.