bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of CNN-based 2D Static Facial Emotion Recognition Techniques
Authors: Dong Zhixin , Wu Chengdong , Zhang Xiangyue , Yu Xiaosheng , Li Junlin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the field of computer vision, recognizing expressions in 2D static facial images is a crucial aspect of facial emotion recognition (FER), with broad applications in real-world scenarios such as mental health diagnosis and security monitoring. Despite the various convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures proposed for FER, there is still a lack of systematic comparative studies on the classification capabilities of different CNN architectures. In this paper, we systematically compare the classification performance of four commonly used CNN architectures in FER research for 2D static facial expression recognition on the classic FER2013 dataset. Through experiments, we evaluate the classification accuracy of these architectures and analyze the recognition results for different emotion categories.
A Novel Improved Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Particle Aggregation Driven Bias Average Weighting
Authors: Zhou Zhiwei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) has better global search capability and is regarded as an extremely effective improvement to the particle swarm optimization (PSO), however, there is still a population diversity decay in its operation. To promote the global search capability of QPSO, based on the weighted quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (WQPSO) with the concept of weighted average optimal position, an improved QPSO based on particle aggregation-driven bias-average weighting is proposed, which analyses the action mechanism and parameter control law of bias-average weighting from the dimension of Euclidean distance, derives the judgment condition to avoid excessive aggregation of particle population, adopts average distance of particle population as the particle aggregation metric parameter to adjust the weighted bias centre, thus effectively increasing the traversal of the algorithm search space and avoiding premature convergence of the algorithm. The effectiveness of the improved algorithm proposed in this paper is demonstrated by applying several conventional test functions and comparing the analysis with PSO, QPSO and WQPSO.
Development and evaluation of the paddlewheel blade for a hydro-powered water pump
Authors: Caoili R M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A hydro-powered water pump was designed to address the issue of high pumping costs, enabling the utilization of the abundant energy of the flowing water from rivers and streams for farming during the summer months. The study focused on refining the design and evaluating the efficiency and economic viability of the system. A power transmission system incorporating a speed multiplier gearbox, chains, and sprockets resulted in a 73.5% improvement in discharge rates compared to the previous prototype. The NS50 self-priming pump was recommended for coupling with the hydro-powered water pump due to its significantly higher efficiency. Evaluating different paddlewheel blade sizes, the ¾ size proved significantly most effective in terms of discharge rates for both open water and confined flow canals. Cost analysis revealed that the hydro-powered water pump incurred a significantly lower cost of 1.70 pesos per cubic meter compared to 5.32 pesos with a gasoline engine-driven pump, leading to potential savings of up to 68% in fuel expenses for irrigation. The return on investment for the hydro-powered system was determined to be 155.71% with a payback period of 0.64 years.
Land Suitability Analysis Based On Geomorphological Aspects For Settlements In Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Nurhidayah T , Massinai M A , Arif S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Land suitability is usually defined as the suitability of a type of land for a particular use or as a tool used to identify the most suitable place to find future land use. Gowa Regency is one of the areas that has diverse landforms, with a combination of flat areas, hills, and mountains. The purpose of this research is to determine the suitability of land for settlement based on geomorphological aspects in Gowa Regency. This suitability analysis is centered on the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to determine areas that are suitable for settlement by overlaying several parameter classifications, such as slope maps, rainfall maps, soil type maps, and land cover maps. The slope parameter is often considered the most influential in analyzing land suitability for settlement. Land with a highly suitable slope is safer from disaster risk and easier to develop. The soil type parameter is used because it determines stability and drainage. The land cover parameter is used to determine the previous land use history. The rainfall parameter is used to determine the level of rainfall in the study area.Very suitable land is mostly located in the north and parts of the eastern and western parts of Gowa district. The area is indeed a flat to sloping area with low rainfall intensity, various slopes, good soil conditions, and a settlement and rice field area. The area is also included in the Fluvial and Volcanic landforms scattered in Biringbulu, Bontonompo, South Bontonompo, Bajeng, West Bajeng, Palangga, and Tombolopao sub-districts.
OpenFOAM simulations for development of a mist flow diverter in aerosol jet printing
Authors: Feng James Q 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To design functional devices meeting the performance requirements for Aerosol Jet® (AJ) printing to deposit ink on substrate by a collimated impinging mist jet, understanding the internal mist flow behaviour is important. Herewith a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is presented with an OpenFOAM software package, for development of a mist flow diverter in the AJ printing equipment. The function of such a mist flow diverter is to direct a mist flow with specified flow rate to the deposition nozzle for printing the ink material onto substrate and to divert the mist flow away when the nozzle moves over a substrate location where ink deposition is unwanted. The CFD results can reveal detailed mist flow behaviour during mist flow switching for quantitative analysis of mist front travelling time through different regions. It is shown that such an internal pneumatic diverter inevitably brings noticeable on-delay and off-delay, more so for finer feature printing with lower mist flow rate due to time needed for mist droplets to travel from the mist flow switching chamber to substrate. Moreover, the on-delay and off-delay also come with gradual fade-in and fade-out effects in printed features especially when the substrate is moving at a considerable speed. Presented here is but one example of CFD analysis applied to performance examination of a commercial vacuum-boost diverter, although the established computational model has also been utilized to guide equipment design with evaluations of the effects of different geometric shapes and sizes by virtue of the convenience for CFD domain geometry and mesh adjustments.
Backward facing step: from fluid flow to conjugate heat transfer with the coupling library preCICE
Authors: Caccia C G , Corti M , Della Torre A , Masarati P 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Backward Facing Step geometry is a widely used benchmark problem in Computational Fluid Dynamics literature that is exploitable to validate models, solution methods, and software implementations. Despite a simple geometry, it shows phenomena like separation, reattachment, and re-circulation zones, under different flow conditions (i.e. different Reynolds number or turbulence parameters) it gives different measurable results, suitable for benchmarking activities [1]. Also regarding heat transfer analysis, the backward facing step can be used to investigate a wide variety of operating conditions (both for simple heat transfer cases and coupling heat transfer between the fluid region and a neighboring solid region giving rise to a more complex conjugate heat transfer model) [2]. This work uses the backward facing step as a test case to validate a numerical model built with the open-source Software OpenFOAM 10. The fluid and solid subdomains are connected through the open-source coupling library preCICE [3]. The results, taken from simulations carried out by the authors, show good agreement with the data available in the literature.
Metallic nature of T-graphene sheet and nanotubes
Authors: Mousavi Hamze , Jalilvand Samira , Dahesh Delnia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The band structure, density of states (DOS), and Pauli magnetic susceptibility (PMS) of T-graphene nanotubes (TGNTs) with varying chiralities and diameters are investigated using the tight-binding Hamiltonian model and Green's function formalism. We analyze two edge types: zigzag (zTGNT) and armchair (aTGNT). Our findings reveal that both zTGNTs and aTGNTs exhibit metallic behavior regardless of diameter. Notably, aTGNTs feature Dirac points in their band structure, with their abundance increasing with nanotube diameter. As compared to graphene, when the diameter of the nanotube increases, aTGNTs reveal more Dirac points at the Fermi level. Additionally, increasing the diameter leads to the emergence of additional sub-bands in the band structure and van-Hove singularities in the DOS diagrams. Consequently, the PMS curves exhibit a crossover, dividing into distinct regimes at varying temperatures. The metallic properties of both TGNT types are apparent in the PMS curves, attributed to the proportional relationship between PMS and DOS. Furthermore, the DOS curves converge towards monolayer behavior as the TGNT diameter increases significantly.
Influence of pH value on erosive wear of 3D-printed polylactic acid for multiphase flow
Authors: Mahad Syed Muhammad , Khan Rehan , Wieczorowski Michał , Petru Jana , Seikh Asiful H , Alnaser Ibrahim A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Slurry erosion presents a critical challenge in hydrocarbon and cement processing industries, as well as in abrasive water jet cutting systems, leading to diminished operational efficiency and elevated maintenance costs. This study investigates the erosive wear behavior of Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) fabricated with varying infill microtextures—zigzag, concentric, and grid—under diverse pH conditions (2.73, 7.75, and 10.15) using garnet particles as the erodent. The results demonstrate that optimal operational conditions for PLA are achieved with a grid microtexture, a pH of 7.75, and a 325 μm erodent size. Conversely, the most severe wear occurs under a pH of 10.15, a 600 μm erodent size, and a zigzag microtexture. The grid microtexture is the most effective in minimizing erosion, while the zigzag pattern shows a 16.68% increase in wear when compared to the grid microtexture. Additionally, a shift from a slightly basic to a highly acidic environment increases wear by 1%, whereas a transition to a highly basic environment leads to a 32.6% increase in erosion within the grid microtexture. The study highlights the significant contributions of infill microtexture (64%), erodent size (23.7%), and pH value (11%) to the overall erosion rate.
Early length changes and microscopic phase analysis of phosphorus hemihydrate gypsum fireproof mortar
Authors: Xuebing Wang , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Coating the surface of steel structures with phosphohemihydrate gypsum fireproof mortar can improve the fire resistance of steel structures. The hydration curve of phosphorus hemihydrate gypsum (PHG) showed a monotonic increasing trend, and the hydration time was about 1 day. In order to study the hydration process of phosphorus hemihydrate gypsum fireproof mortar, its length change in the early hardening stage was experimentally investigated. The results showed that compared with the hydration time of phosphohemihydrate gypsum, the duration of early length changes in phosphohemihydrate gypsum fireproof mortar was significantly prolonged to about 4 days, and four intervals were clearly observed during this process. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as a water retaining agent, hydroxypropyl starch ether (HPS) as a thixotropic agent, and dispersed latex powder (LP) can all make the four intervals of length changes of fireproof mortar more significant. After adding HPMC, HPS, and LP, it can promote the formation of dihydrate gypsum mainly in fireproof mortar, but dihydrate gypsum crystals were more likely to grow along the [021] direction. The addition of additives can also effectively improve the pore structure of phosphogypsum fireproof mortar.
Multimodal radiomics-based methods using deep learning for prediction of brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer with 18F-FDG PET/CT images
Authors: Zhu Yuan , Cong Shan , Zhang Qiyang , Huang Zhenxing , Yao Xiaohui , Cheng You , Liang Dong , Hu Zhanli , Shao Dan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. Approximately 57% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients face a 20% risk of brain metastases (BMs). The delivery of drugs to the central nervous system is challenging because of the blood–brain barrier, leading to a relatively poor prognosis for patients with BMs. Therefore, early detection and treatment of BMs are highly important for improving patient prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a multimodal radiomics-based method using 3D neural networks trained on 18F-FDG PET/CT images to predict BMs in NSCLC patients. Approach. We included 226 NSCLC patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scans of areas, including the lung and brain, prior to EGFR-TKI therapy. Moreover, clinical data (age, sex, stage, etc) were collected and analyzed. Shallow lung features and deep lung-brain features were extracted using PyRadiomics and 3D neural networks, respectively. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to predict BMs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and F1 score were used to assess BM prediction performance. Main result. The combination of shallow lung and shallow-deep lung-brain features demonstrated superior predictive performance (AUC = 0.96 ± 0.01). Shallow-deep lung-brain features exhibited strong significance (P < 0.001) and potential predictive performance (coefficient > 0.8). Moreover, BM prediction by age was significant (P < 0.05). Significance. Our approach enables the quantitative assessment of medical images and a deeper understanding of both superficial and deep tumor characteristics. This noninvasive method has the potential to identify BM-related features with statistical significance, thereby aiding in the development of targeted treatment plans for NSCLC patients.
A compact and low-frequency drive ultrasound transducer for facilitating cavitation-assisted drug permeation via skin
Authors: Yamamoto Shinya , Sugita Naohiro , Tomioka Keita , Shinshi Tadahiko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Low-frequency sonophoresis has emerged as a promising minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery method. However, effectively inducing cavitation on the skin surface with a compact, low-frequency ultrasound transducer poses a significant challenge. This paper presents a modified design of a low-frequency ultrasound transducer capable of generating ultrasound cavitation on the skin surfaces. The transducer comprises a piezoelectric ceramic disk and a bowl-shaped acoustic resonator. A conical slit structure was incorporated into the modified transducer design to amplify vibration displacement and enhance the maximum sound pressure. The FEM-based simulation results confirmed that the maximum sound pressure at the resonance frequency of 78 kHz was increased by 1.9 times that of the previous design. Ultrasound cavitation could be experimentally observed on the gel surface. Moreover, 3 min of ultrasound treatment significantly improved the caffeine permeability across an artificial membrane. These results demonstrated that this transducer holds promise for enhancing drug permeation by generating ultrasound cavitation on the skin surface.
Impact of geometric correction on echo-planar imaging-based apparent diffusion coefficient maps for abdominal radiotherapy
Authors: Hasler Signe Winther , Bernchou Uffe , Behrens Claus Preibisch , Vogelius Ivan Richter , Bisgaard Anne L H , Jokivuolle Minea , Bertelsen Anders Smedegaard , Schytte Tine , Brink Carsten , Mahmood Faisal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) extracted from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is a potential biomarker in radiotherapy (RT). DWI is often implemented with an echo-planar imaging (EPI) read-out due to speed, but unfortunately low geometric accuracy follows. This study aimed to investigate the influence of geometric distortions on the ADCs extracted from the gross tumor volume (GTV) and on the shape of the GTV in abdominal EPI-DWI. Approach. Twenty-one patients had EPI-DWI scans on a 1.5 T MRI sim before treatment and on a 1.5 T MRI-Linac at one of the first treatment fractions. Off-resonance correction with and without eddy current correction were applied to ADC maps. The clinical GTVs were deformed based on the same (but inverted) corrections to assess the local-regional geometric influence of distortions. Mean surface distance (MSD), Hausdorff distance (HD), and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) were calculated to compare the original and distorted GTVs, and ADC values were calculated based on a mono-exponential model. Phantom measurements were performed to validate the applied correction method. Main results. The median (range) ADC change within the GTV after full distortion correction was 1.3% (0.02%–6.9%) for MRI-Sim and 1.5% (0.1%–6.4%) for MRI-Linac. The additional effect of the eddy current correction was small in both systems. The median (range) MSD, HD, and DSC comparing the original and off-resonance distorted GTVs for all patients were 0.43 mm (0.11–0.94 mm), 4.00 mm (1.00–7.81 mm) and 0.93 (0.82–0.99), respectively. Significance. Overall effect of distortion correction was small in terms of derived ADC values, indicating that distortion correction is unimportant for prediction of outcomes based on ADC. However, large local geometric changes occurred after off-resonance distortion correction for some patients, suggesting that if the spatial information from ADC maps is to be used for dose painting strategies, corrections should be applied.
Emerging environmental challenge: a critical review of airborne microplastics
Authors: Sharaf Din Khadija , Khokhar Muhammad Fahim , Parvez Shahid , Niazi Muhammad Bilal Khan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Trillions of micro- and nanoplastics are ubiquitously dispersed in the environment owing to relentless human reliance on plastics implying constant human exposure to these tiny synthetic particles. Unlike terrestrial and aquatic microplastics, research on airborne microplastics (MPs) is very limited and needs to be expanded to explore their prevalence, fate, and health risks fully. This study effectively assesses available studies conducted on microplastics’ presence in atmospheric deposition, and indoor and outdoor air samples, and highlights disparities in employed methodological approaches. Six different databases have been consulted to procure data (2015–24) for this review study. The number of studies directly investigating MPs in the air is very low which limits knowledge concerning the sources, fate, and attributable human health risks. MPs abundance indoors ranges from 0.13 to 14088.05 items/m3, while in outdoors it ranges from none to 393 items/m3. Indoors are significantly more contaminated than outdoors, raising considerable health concerns given that people spend most of their time indoors. Airborne microplastics are predominately fibrous (88%) indicating textiles as a major source. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene are the most prevalent polymers implying their excessive use in the environment. Inhalable microplastics (particularly <5 μm) have been very scarcely investigated. Further research is imperative to investigate airborne MP toxicity, global dispersion patterns, interactions with other pollutants, and potential health impacts on humans, animals, and plants. In the final section of this study, numerous recommendations for future research are made to address the research gaps revealed in the existing literature.
Women, Gender, and Political Violence
Authors: Vale Gina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 situates the book within three intersecting bodies of scholarly literature. First, feminist security studies has rendered women more visible in relation to security, and challenges the assumed ‘gender neutrality’ of violence and power relations that shape armed conflict. Second, the application of gender lenses to terrorism studies has served to challenge unidimensional framings of women’s victimhood, and instead push to complicate and more holistically study women’s broader connections and contributions to non-state armed groups. Third, the literature of rebel governance has only recently incorporated gendered or feminist considerations in the study of non-state revolutionary movements, revealing how the subordination of women serves to facilitate and legitimate the ideals and dynamics of proto-statehood. These three fields wrestle with the centrality of gender—and other axes of identity—in contexts of contested power or transition, and highlight the privileging of masculinity that results in women’s stereotyping, insecurity, and denial of agency.
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia: The role of the CK7 immunohistochemistry pattern of expression in diagnosis
Authors: Bartow Brooke B , Dhall Deepti , Lee Goo , Garapati Manjula , Patel Chirag R , Al Diffalha Sameer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) is a rare vascular disorder of the liver. Clinically, patients present with portal hypertension with or without a cholestatic pattern of injury. Histologically, the liver parenchyma is composed of small nodules of hypertrophic hepatocytes surrounded by atrophic hepatocytes without significant fibrosis. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia is a difficult diagnosis on biopsy specimens, but biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis. In this retrospective review, cytokeratin 7 (CK7) immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to aid in the diagnosis and further characterization of NRH and NRH-like changes.

Methods
The H&E-stained slides, reticulin, and CK IHC were reviewed for 22 cases. The percentage of hepatocytes staining for CK7 (0%-100%), the location of staining (centrilobular hepatic progenitor cells vs periportal/bile ductular reaction), and the pattern of staining distribution (patchy or diffuse) were recorded for comparison.

Results
Of the 22 cases, 9 were CK7 positive. Cases of NRH, however, expressed various degrees of CK7 positivity in centrilobular hepatic progenitor cells, unlike NRH-like changes, which were either CK7 negative or CK7 positive in periportal hepatocytes or in areas of bile ductular reaction.

Conclusions
In cases with the appropriate clinical history and histology, CK7 immunohistochemistry can be performed to distinguish nodular regenerative hyperplasia (primary) and NRH-like changes (secondary). In difficult cases, CK7 positivity in centrilobular hepatic progenitor cells can help confirm the diagnosis of NRH. These data support NRH as a true entity with a distinct pathophysiology from NRH-like changes.