bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Higher Methotrexate Dose With Lymphoproliferative Disease Onset in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Kameda Tomohiro , Dobashi Hiroaki , Miyatake Nobuyuki , Inoo Masayuki , Onishi Ikuko , Kurata Noriyuki , Mitsunaka Hiroki , Kawakami Kimihiro , Fukumoto Tetsuya , Susaki Kentaro , Izumikawa Miharu , Nakashima Shusaku , Shimada Hiromi , Takeuchi Yohei , Haba Reiji , Mano Shohei , Onishi Hiroaki , Imataki Osamu , Matsunaga Takuya 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveMethotrexate (MTX) is used as an anchor drug for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) occasionally develops in patients treated with MTX, and is known as MTX‐associated LPD (MTX‐LPD). Although MTX‐LPD occurs mainly in RA patients, it has not been established if MTX administration is an independent risk factor for LPD in RA patients. We examined the clinical characteristics of MTX‐LPD in Japanese RA patients and attempted to determine the risk factors for MTX‐LPD development.MethodsWe performed a nested case–control study on RA patients. We enrolled 5,753 RA patients from Kagawa, Japan. In age‐ and sex‐matched patients, we separated patients who did not develop LPD under MTX treatment (MTX non‐LPD group) from those that did (MTX‐LPD group) and conducted a comparative examination. We used multivariate analysis to determine the independent risk factors for MTX‐LPD onset.ResultsThere were 28 patients in the MTX‐LPD group and 125 patients in the MTX non‐LPD group. Multivariate analysis of the parameters extracted by univariate analysis revealed that the mean MTX dose was a risk factor for MTX‐LPD after adjusting for age; therefore, higher MTX dose is associated with LPD onset in RA patients.ConclusionMTX is an independent risk factor for LPD onset in Japanese RA patients.
Water‐Soluble Polymer Functionalized CdTe/ZnS Quantum Dots: A Facile Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives
Authors: Liu Bingxin , Tong Cuiyan , Feng Lijuan , Wang Chunyu , He Yao , Lü Changli 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA ratiometric fluorescent probe based on dual luminescence QD/CPL for selective sensing of the nitroaromatic explosive picric acid (PA) was constructed. The observed ratiometric fluorescence intensity change allows the quantitative detection of PA with a detection limit of 9 nM.
Plasma‐Substrate Interaction during Plasma Deposition on Polymers
Authors: Hegemann D. , Hanselmann B. , Blanchard N. , Amberg M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe initial stage of film growth during plasma deposition on polymers determines many film properties such as morphology and structure, interphase formation and adhesion. Therefore, the plasma‐substrate interaction is investigated regarding the energy density during film growth, which is defined by the energy flux per depositing atom. The flux of film‐forming species and the flux of energetic particles were determined for metal sputtering (silver films) and plasma polymer deposition (amino‐functional hydrocarbon films). It is shown that enhanced energy densities can be obtained during the initial film growth due to reduced deposition rates and mixing with the polymer substrate (interphase formation). Thus, good adhesion on polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been achieved. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Plasma Chemistry of an RF Discharge Containing Aluminium Tri‐Isopropoxide Studied by FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Hübner M. , Fröhlich M. , Tawidian H. , Mikikian M. , Röpcke J. , Kersten H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn Ar and Ar/N2 radio frequency (RF) discharges with admixtures of aluminium tri‐isopropoxide (ATI) the fragmentation of this metal‐organic precursor was studied by means of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy using an optical long path cell providing an optical length of l = 17.2 m. The experiments were performed in an asymmetric capacitively coupled process plasma at a frequency of f = 13.56 MHz and at pres‐sure values in the range of p = 1–10.5 Pa. The discharge power was chosen between P = 10–100 W. Using FTIR spectroscopy the evolution of the concentrations of ATI and of six stable molecules, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, CO and HCN, was monitored under flowing conditions at gas flows of Φtotal = 0.5–14.5 sccm in the discharge. The concentrations of the reaction products were measured tobe between 2 x 1012 molecules cm–3 as e.g. found for C2H4and C2H6, and 5 x 1013 molecules cm–3, as e.g. in the case of CO. In the plasma a complete dissociation of the precursor ATI was found at a power value of about P = 80 W independent on the admixture of Ar or N2. The fragmentation efficiency (FE) of the reaction products which originate from the ATI molecules ranges between 0.2 and 4 x 1016 molecules J–1 while the fragmentation rate (FR) reached up to 2.5 x 1018 molecules s–1. The multi component detection ability of the spectrometer served to analyse the carbon balance of the by‐product formation. For all experiments, the carbon balance never exceeded 25%. Therefore, in the plasmas the majority of the provided carbon is most likely deposited at the reactor walls or forms dust particles or higher molecular CxHy. The conversion efficiencies (CE) of the produced molecular species ranges between 0.1 x 1015 molecules J–1 for C2H4 and 5 x 1015 molecules J–1 for C2H6 depending on the discharge conditions of the RF plasma. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface Design for Medical Implants
Authors: Klinkenberg E.‐D. , Neumann H.‐G. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNowadays medical implants are high‐tech products which are designed according to comprehensive experiences from medicine, material science and surface science. A prolonged duration of joint endoprostheses is achieved by a sophisticated surface design according to the different functionality of the implant surface. Therefore the main aspects are wear reduction and stimulated bone apposition to the load‐bearing implant surfaces. Different coating methods suit the functional needs. Medical aspects as well as those of technological developments are discussed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some Aspects of Current Interruption Physics in High Voltage Circuit Breakers
Authors: Seeger M. , Galletti B. , Bini R. , Dousset V. , Iordanidis A. , Over D. , Mahdizadeh N. , Schwinne M. , Stoller P. , Votteler T. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRecent results of experimental and theoretical investigations on current interruption processes are presented with a focus on SF6high voltage circuit breakers. Various aspects of thermal interruption at the zero crossing of the current are shown, including the scatter and the distribution of arc voltage shortly before CZ and the role of turbulence. The thermal interruption capability of air and CO2are compared to that of SF6. Investigations on the dielectric recovery are shown for SF6and CO2. The breakdown voltage during the dielectric recovery can be described by simple streamer and leader inception models. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Detection of FAQs Matching Inquiry E‐mails by Automatic Generation of Characteristic Word Groups from Past Inquiry E‐mails
Authors: Sakumichi Yuki , Akiyoshi Masanori , Samejima Masaki , Oka Hironori 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThis paper discusses how to detect inquiry e‐mails corresponding to predefined FAQs (frequently asked questions). Web‐based interactions such as ordering and registration forms on a Web page are usually provided with FAQ pages to help users. However, most users submit their inquiry e‐mails without checking such pages. This causes help desk operators to process large numbers of e‐mails even if some contents match FAQs. Automatic detection of such e‐mails is proposed based on an SVM (support vector machine) and a specific Jaccard coefficient based on positive and negative already‐received inquiry e‐mails. Experimental results show its effectiveness, and we also discuss future work to improve our method.
A General Purpose Connection CTI Server Based on the SIP Protocol and Its Implementation
Authors: Watanabe Toru , Koizumi Hisao 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose a general purpose connection Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) server that provides various CTI services such as voice logging where the CTI server communicates with IP‐PBX using the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), and accumulates voice packets of external line telephone calls flowing between an IP telephone for extension and a VoIP gateway connected to outside line networks. The CTI server realizes CTI services such as voice logging, telephone conference, or interactive voice response (IVR) with accumulating and processing voice packets sampled. Furthermore, the CTI server incorporates a web server function which can provide various CTI services such as a Web telephone directory via a Web browser to PCs, cellular telephones or smart‐phones in mobile environments.
Low‐Voltage PTAT Voltage Reference with Area Efficiency Improved
Authors: Wada Kazuyuki , Ito Ryo , Sekine Kawori 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThe structure of a proportional‐to‐absolute‐temperature (PTAT) voltage reference with MOSFETs operating in the subthreshold region is proposed. It is based on the conventional structure, operation equivalent to which is achieved from the viewpoint of relations between the voltages and currents of MOSFETs. The derived structure relaxes the occupied area. Experimental results of a PTAT voltage reference implemented on a chip as an example are presented.
Stabilization of a Power System Including Inverter‐Type Distributed Generators by a Virtual Synchronous Generator
Authors: Sakimoto Kenichi , Miura Yushi , Ise Toshifumi 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThe capacity of distributed generators (DGs) connected to the grid by inverters is growing year after year. The inverters are generally controlled by a phase locked loop (PLL) in order to achieve synchronization with the power system frequency. Power systems may become unstable as the capacity of the inverter‐type DGs continues to increase, because the inverter frequency is controlled just to follow the frequency determined by other synchronous generators. It has been suggested that inverters be controlled to behave like a synchronous generator. This concept is referred to as the virtual synchronous generator (VSG). In this paper, a control scheme for a VSG is presented, and the design method for the required energy storage and the capacity for grid stabilization control by a VSG is investigated by computer simulations.
Estimation of Magnetizing Characteristics of Pole Transformers in Islanding Area
Authors: Yoshid Yoshiaki , Suzuki Hirokazu , Fujiwara Koji , Ishihara Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYFor the detection of islanding, it is very important to choose the threshold value for the change in the harmonic voltage. In this paper, we propose an analytical model of a pole transformer using a Fourier series and clarify the nonlinear magnetizing characteristics of the pole transformer in an islanding area. After determining the proposed model coefficients from the tests of the pole transformer excited by a sinusoidal voltage, distorted wave voltage tests were performed under conditions in which the third harmonic voltage or the fifth harmonic voltage was superimposed. The results of the testing showed that the magnetic properties vary greatly upon increasing the harmonic component of the voltage. The analytical and measurement results were in good agreement. By using the proposed method, the distributed generators (DGs) can estimate the magnetizing characteristics of the pole transformer by monitoring the connected terminal voltage. Thus, as an active signal for islanding detection, DGs can inject a harmonic current synchronized to the excitation current harmonics of the pole transformer into the distribution network. In the case of DGs equipped with the above functions, there is no need to change the settings of the islanding detection threshold for changes in the harmonic voltage even when there is a change in the excitation voltage or an increase in the number of DGs.
Anion exchanger 2 is critical for CD8+ T cells to maintain pHi homeostasis and modulate immune responses
Authors: Concepcion Axel R. , Salas January T. , Sarvide Sarai , Sáez Elena , Ferrer Alex , López María , Portu Ainhoa , Banales Jesús M. , Hervás‐Stubbs Sandra , Oude Elferink Ronald P. J. , Prieto Jesús , Medina Juan F. 
Published: February 2014

Mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes involves alkalinization of intracellular pH (pHi). Subsequent pHi regulation may involve HCO3− extrusion through Cl−/HCO3− exchangers and/or Na+‐HCO3− co‐transporters with acid‐loading capability. Abnormalities in these mechanisms could result in immune dysfunctions, as suggested by the CD8+ T‐cell expansion encountered in mice lacking Ae2 (a widely expressed acid loader with electroneutral and Na+‐independent Cl−/HCO3− anion‐exchange activity). Here we report that CD8+ T cells but not CD4+ T cells or other lymphocyte populations, are crucially dependent on Ae2 for pHi regulation. While total lymphocytes (including isolated CD4+ T cells) exhibit Ae1 expression and Na+‐HCO3− co‐transport with acidifying potential, CD8+ T cells lack these acid‐loading mechanisms. In Ae2‐KO mice, CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells upregulate these potential Ae2 surrogates. As a consequence, Ae2‐KO CD8+ T cells exhibit alkalinized pHi, and dramatically increase their pHi upon CD3 stimulation. Moreover, stimulated Ae2‐deficient CD8+ T cells show enhanced intracellular production of IL‐2 and membrane expression of its receptor IL‐2Rα, together with increased cell proliferation and activation. These findings demonstrate that CD8+ T cells are critically dependent on Ae2 for pHi homeostasis and tuning of cell proliferation and activation. Ae2 thus constitutes a novel target to modulate CD8+ T‐cell responses.
Enhanced Thermal Energy Harvesting Using Li, K‐Doped Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 Lead‐Free Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Chauhan Aditya , Patel Satyanarayan , Vats Gaurav , Vaish Rahul 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study deals with the investigation of lead‐free ferroelectric materials for potential thermal energy harvesting applications. Lead‐free ferroelectric ceramics offer nonpolluting alternatives to their lead‐based counterparts. However, their applications are limited because of their comparatively low performance. In this study, an attempt has been made to shed some light on the thermal energy harvesting potential of these materials through the use of Olsen cycle. Two compositions of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT), Bi0.5Na0.44K0.06TiO3 (BNKT), and Bi0.5Na0.425Li0.075TiO3 (BNLT), were explored. It was observed that maximum energy densities of 1986 J L−1 per cycle (0.1–5.2 MV m−1; 25–120 °C) and 1146 J L−1 per cycle (0.1–11.2 MV m−1; 25–110 °C) were obtained for BNKT and BNLT samples, respectively. The reported energy density is higher than that of most lead‐based compounds. The results motivate the possible use of lead‐free materials for thermal energy harvesting applications.
Interleukin‐18 Has Antipermeablity and Antiangiogenic Activities in the Eye: Reciprocal Suppression With VEGF
Authors: Shen Jikui , Choy David F. , Yoshida Tsunehiko , Iwase Takeshi , Hafiz Gulnar , Xie Bing , Hackett Sean F. , Arron Joseph R. , Campochiaro Peter A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTInterleukin‐18 (IL‐18) is increased along with IL‐1β by activation of the inflammasome and has been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but its role in the eye is uncertain. In patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion, intraocular IL‐18 levels increased significantly (P < 0.001) after treatment with ranibizumab particularly in patients with high baseline IL‐18 which correlated with good visual outcome (P < 0.05). In mice with ischemic retinopathy, suppression of VEGF caused an increase in IL18 mRNA due to an increase in IL‐18‐positive myeloid cells. VEGF significantly and specifically inhibited IL‐18 production by myeloid cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (P < 0.001). Intraocular injection of IL‐18 reduced VEGF‐induced leakage and neovascularization, and reversed VEGF‐induced suppression of Claudin5 expression and Claudin 5 labeling of vascular tight junctions. Injection of IL‐18 also increased expression of Thrombospondin 1 and reduced ischemia‐induced retinal neovascularization relevant to diabetic retinopathy and subretinal neovascularization relevant to neovascular age‐related macular degeneration. Thus, VEGF and IL‐18 suppress each other's production and effects on the vasculature suggesting that IL‐18 may provide benefit in multiple retinal/choroidal vascular diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 974–983, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elaboration and Characterization of Poly(4‐vinylpyridine‐co‐N,N dimethylacrylamide)/Poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid) Interpolymer Complexes
Authors: Lassoued Abdelghani , Djadoun Saïd 
Published: February 2014

SummaryProton‐donor poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid) containing 8 mol % of methacrylic acid (PSMA8) and poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide‐co‐4vinylpyridine) containing 20 mol % of 4‐vinylpyridine (PDMA4VP20) containing two proton accepting sites of different strength were synthesized and characterized by different techniques.By simply mixing appropriate amounts of these copolymers in chloroform, interpolymer complexes were formed, while homogeneous phases were observed when PSMA8 was mixed to poly(N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide) or poly(4‐vinylpyridine) in the same solvent.Due to the presence of specific interactions that occurred between the copolymers, these interpolymer complexes exhibited a single Tg in the whole composition range, higher than those calculated from the weight average values of the pure copolymers.The Tg‐composition curves of these three systems, analyzed using Brostow et al. (BCKV) equation, confirmed from the high a0 values, obtained with PSMA8/PDMA4VP20 that the presence of 4VP units in PDMA4VP copolymers increased the average strength of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the PDMA4VP20/PSMA8 systems compared to PDMA/PSMA8 or PSMA8/P4VP blends due to a higher number and stronger efficient specific interactions.Competing specific interactions of different strength carboxyl‐pyridine, carboxyl‐amide and carboxyl‐carboxyl that occurred within these systems were evidenced by FTIR spectroscopy.
Thermal Stability of Interpolymer Complexes Based on Poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine) and Poly(styrene‐co‐itaconic Acid)
Authors: Amirouche Abiza , Abdelghani Lassoued , Said Djadoun 
Published: February 2014

SummaryPhase behaviour and specific interactions that occurred between poly (styrene‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine) containing 20 mol % of 4‐vinylpyridine (PS4VP20) and poly(styrene‐co‐itaconic acid) containing 17 mol % of itaconic acid (PSIA17) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Due to favourable specific interactions among others, PSIA17/PS4VP20 system is miscible in the whole composition range, as evidenced by a single glass transition temperature (Tg), observed with each initial mixture, intermediate between those of the pure components. The Tg‐composition dependence of this system fitted well the recent approach proposed by Brostow et al.(BCKV).Copolymerization of itaconic acid with styrene improved the thermal stability of PIA. The PSIA17/PS4VP20 blends showed a better thermal stability than their corresponding pure constituents. The degradation temperatures at maximum Tdmax of these complexes are higher than those of pure constituents. Due to specific interactions that occurred between the two constituents of the blends, the anhydride amount observed with PSIA17 decreased.FTIR spectroscopy analysis confirmed qualitatively the occurrence of inter‐polymer interactions from the appearance of new bands, characteristic of associated pyridine at 1607 cm−1, pyridinium ion at 1638 cm−1 and liberated carbonyl groups of PSIA17 at 1725 cm−1. Quantitatively both fractions of liberated carbonyl and pyridinium species increased upon increasing PS4VP20 amount in the blend.
Effect of Co Ions on the Spectral Properties and Photostability of DNA
Authors: Gryn Dmytro , Yashchuk Valeriy , Sereda Elvira 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe results of the optical absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence in UV and visible spectral range, and effect of light irradiation on spectral properties of cobalt ions of different ratios interacted with DNA are studied. Quantity of Co ions varies from 1 metal ion per 500 base pairs of DNA to 2 ions per one base pair. Three important features were fixed: the shape of fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of the DNA do not changes in presence of Co ions, but their intensity depends on the quantity of cobalt ions in solution; phosphorescence intensity decreases more rapidly than fluorescence intensity; the small increase of DNA photodegradation rate in presence of Co is observed.
Temperature‐Induced Phase Separation and Hydration in Aqueous Polymer Solutions Studied by NMR and IR Spectroscopy: Comparison of Poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) and Acrylamide‐Based Polymers
Authors: Spěváček Jiří , Dybal Jiří 
Published: February 2014

SummaryUsing NMR and IR spectroscopy we compared the LCST behaviour of two types of thermoresponsive polymer systems, poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) and acrylamide‐based polymers in aqueous solutions. We confirmed that during phase separation both PVCL and poly(N‐isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAm) chains undergo coil‐globule transition. At the same time some important differences were found for PVCL in comparison with PNIPMAm and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm), especially a much lower level of dehydration of PVCL segments at temperatures above the phase transition. We assume that the origin of these differences can be in different structure of respective monomer units. From time dependences of ATR FTIR spectra it follows that the low degree of dehydration of PVCL segments is not changed with time. Small increase in the wavenumbers of the Amide I components of the hydrated PVCL carbonyl groups with time indicates that water released from PVCL mesoglobules with time, as revealed from NMR T2 measurements, might be mainly indirectly bound water.
Effects of Liquid CO2 Exposure on Semi‐Crystalline Polylactic Acid
Authors: Garancher Jean‐Philippe , Fernyhough Alan , Kirby Nigel 
Published: February 2014

SummaryIn this work, the effect of low temperature (approximately −50°C to −20°C) liquid CO2 treatment on the morphology of semi‐crystalline polylactic acid (PLA) was studied. This investigation was carried out by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Synchrotron wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS). Under the experimental conditions used, DSC and WAXS revealed the existence of two main crystalline structures, namely the α” crystal structure and a mesomorphic structure. The α” crystals were found to be preferentially formed at higher temperature, whereas only the mesomorphic structure was detected at lower temperature. The transition between these two morphologies was observed at around −35°C.
Phase Diagrams of PolyAcrylic Networks and Liquid Crystal E7
Authors: Boudraa K. , Dali Youcef B. , Bedjaoui L. , Bouchaour T. , Maschke U. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryEquilibrium phase diagrams of polymer networks and a nematic liquid crystal blend were investigated. The polymer network used was PolyABu (poly(n‐butyl‐acrylate)), obtained by exposure to UV radiation of initial solutions composed of a reactive monomer, a small amount of a crosslinking agent, and a photoinitiator. Experimental phase diagrams were established using polarizing optical microscopy, and the results were analyzed within the predictions of the combined Flory‐Rehner theory of rubber elasticity and the Maier‐Saupe theory of nematic ordering.