bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THREE VITAL CONSIDERATIONS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION
Authors: WHEELER PAUL C. , WOLCOTT LESTER E. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:Three vital factors should be taken into account in all attempts at geriatric rehabilitation: 1) psychological status, particularly as related to pseudosenility and peculiar character traits versus the old concept of senile dementia; 2) socioeconomic welfare in an era in which the over‐all trend is toward separation of the aged from their children, a preoccupation with prolonging survival, and a sudden drive to solve the problem by jerry‐built placeboes; and 3) vocational opportunities for the healthy and only partially handicapped aged.
OBSERVATIONS ON 750 GEROPSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS*
Authors: KOPITS IMRE 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: 750 aged mentally ill patients in a state hospital (450 males and 300 females) were evaluated from the medical, psychiatric and social standpoints. Medico‐surgically, there were 180 cases of cardiac disease, 120 cripples, 75 cases of diabetes, 68 of blindness, 25 of deafness, and 12 of aphasia or mutism. Also, 252 patients were incontinent, 205 needed full or partial nursing care, 33 were spoonfed, 632 were ambulatory, 98 were wheelchair‐bound and 20 were permanently bedridden. Psychiatrically, there were three major diagnostic categories: chronic brain syndrome (52.5 per cent), mental deficiency (10 per cent), and psychogenic disorders (37.5 per cent). The incidences of these disorders varied according to the patients' sex, age, and length of hospital stay. Socio‐economically, the length of hospital stay was an important factor. When compared to younger mentally ill patients, the medical and socioeconomic problems were relatively of greater significance than the mental problems among these elderly patients.Through appropriate medical treatment (drugs, group psychotherapy, and social services) within the framework of a coordinated team approach, the ratio of released to admitted patients more than tripled in the period 1963 through 1966. In contrast to the “continued care” of the past in mental institutions, the modern policy is an intensive program of rehabilitation, comprehensive in scope.
ABDOMINAL SURVEY RADIOGRAPHY OF GERIATRIC PATIENTS IN A NEUROPSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL*
Authors: KRAFT ERNEST , FINBY NATHANIEL 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: A radiographic survey of the abdomen was performed on 672 male patients over 50 years of age who had been hospitalized for neuropsychiatric disorders only. Conventional abdominal radiographs were obtained to supplement routine physical examinations.Significant findings included a retroperitoneal mass, a mega‐sigmoid, bladder distention and marked fecal stasis in older patients; also calculi in the gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys and bladder, and calcifications in an adrenal and in an aortic aneurysm. Massive hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were rarely observed. The liver frequently appeared to be of small size in the elderly. The combination of a small liver and a large spleen also served as a clue to hepatic cirrhosis.The abdominal radiographic survey is valuable, particularly when an abdominal emergency develops in a long‐term hospital patient.
NEW SYSTEM FOR SUPPORTING THE PATIENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DECUBITUS ULCER: PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: ROWAN NOEL M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: A new patient‐support system designed for the prevention and treatment of decubitus ulcers was evaluated in 6 bedridden patients in a nursing home. The system consists of three specially‐treated polyurethane foam pads; each pad is surface‐slit into a pattern that provides maximal support and comfort, and is covered with a custom‐fabric contour sheet. Five patients had ulcerations when they were placed on the pads; in all 5 cases the decubitus lesions cleared or improved greatly despite no change in the patient's care except for the addition of the pads. The sixth patient (aged 78 and considered particularly susceptible to ulceration) was placed on the pads at the time of admission to the nursing home; no ulcers developed during the month that they were used.The effectiveness, simplicity and comparatively low cost of this support system indicate that it should find wide acceptance, not only for geriatric patients but for any patients who do not have normal freedom of movement in bed.
REVIEW OF RESULTS IN A GERIATRIC INTENSIVE TREATMENT UNIT: SOME PROSPECTS
Authors: RISDORFER EMERICH N. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: A Geriatric Intensive Treatment Unit was established in Binghamton State Hospital under the Broome County Unitized Program. The aim was: 1) to rehabilitate newly admitted patients over 65 years of age, and 2) to resocialize geriatric patients over 65 previously in other units of the hospital for long periods (one year to fifty‐three years) so that they could be discharged from the institution. In the first ten months—June 1, 1968 to March 31, 1969–59 per cent of the 96 newly admitted geriatric patients were rehabilitated and returned to society. Their average hospital stay was 38.5 days—a distinct reduction in the length of stay for newly admitted patients. Almost 50 per cent of the 278 long‐term patients left the Intensive Treatment Unit in the 1968–69 period; 27 per cent were returned to the community.Milieu therapy, modified for the geriatric service, was used for rehabilitation and resocialization. Members of a small but well oriented and dedicated staff represented the family and society to the patients, as a therapeutic community in a “one to one” therapy program. Male and female patients of both short‐term and long‐term groups mixed together in activities. This beneficially influenced the rehabilitation and re‐socialization process.In the interests of continuity of care, it seems desirable that the Geriatric Intensive Treatment Unit, rather than the Outpatient Clinic, supervise the management of these patients after discharge from the hospital.
CONFUSIONAL STATES IN RELATION TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Mitra M. L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe author uses case abstracts to illustrate deficiencies of thiamine/vitamin‐B complex and vitamin C associated with confusional states in the elderly. The biochemical indicators were chiefly the pyruvate metabolism test and the level of ascorbic acid in the leukocyte layer (“buffy coat”) of the blood. The confusional states usually disappeared or improved with appropriate vitamin therapy.
DYSFUNCTION OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT IN THE GERIATRIC PATIENT
Authors: Grieder Arthur , Vinton Paul W. , Cinotti William R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDysfunction of the temporomandibular joint and the associated musculature of the head and neck may be caused by physiologic imbalance or by psychologic stress. In the geriatric patient this dysfunction can cause severe pain and discomfort. Detailed steps in the diagnosis are presented, with emphasis on differentiation from pathologic conditions. Treatment consists of removal of the traumatic forces (chiefly dental abnormalities) causing the physiologic imbalance. The basic form of treatment (after initial adjunctive therapy) is in the field of prosthodontia. When such a treatment program is properly carried out, relief from symptoms can be expected in about 85 per cent of the patients.
ORPHENADRINE CITRATE (NORFLEX) FOR THE TREATMENT OF “RESTLESS LEGS” AND RELATED SYNDROMES
Authors: Popkin Roy J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of orphenadrine citrate (Norflex) in the syndrome of “restless legs” and nocturnal leg cramps. Of the original 32 patients, 12 were dropped from the study because of gastrointestinal intolerance to the first few doses of the drug or because they were unreliable observers; the symptoms subsided as soon as orphenadrine was discontinued. In the 20 remaining patients the drug was well tolerated; they received it in an oral dosage of 100 mg (occasionally 200 mg) daily for periods ranging from three months to one year. Orphenadrine citrate was found to be an effective therapeutic agent by itself in 16 of the 20 cases, and in combination with other drugs in 4 cases.
CONTINUING POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GERIATRICS*
Authors: LAWTON ALFRED H. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:At present the medical student's education in geriatrics is left chiefly to the postgraduate period. There are encouraging signs, however, that medical students are being made more aware of the relationship of aging and chronic disease to the understanding of medicine in general. In the postgraduate period, when physicians are supposed to keep up to date by means of continuing education, there are very few opportunities in the field of geriatrics. Moreover, such programs often are not properly coordinated and monitored. Attempts are being made to rectify this situation.Single individuals or professional societies are weak alone, but can be strong when united in establishing training programs in geriatrics. The American Geriatrics Society and the Gerontological Society should be in the forefront. They should either develop a specific program of their own or should cooperate with the American Academy of General Practice and the American Medical Association in formulating courses that include geriatrics. These programs would undoubtedly lead to institutional postdoctoral education in the subject, and eventually would involve medical students. Meanwhile, all such efforts would improve the care of the aged and infirm.
RESULTS OF HORMONE IMPLANTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE CLIMACTERIC
Authors: SCHLEYER‐SAUNDERS E. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:Based on the assumption that the menopause or climacteric is due to a decline in function of the sex glands as part of the process leading to old age with all its physical and mental implications, 1,000 women and 300 men (age range, 40–75 years) were treated with hormone implants during the years 1945–1970. The advantages of the implant method are listed. This therapy resulted in a marked improvement in flushes, in general condition, in depression and fatigue, and in the local changes of the genital tract and skin; the patients looked better and younger. The arguments against hormone treatment (especially with oestrogen) are: 1) it might cause post‐menopausal bleeding, and 2) it might produce cancer. In our series, the incidences of bleeding and of cancer were lower in the hormonally treated women than in the women who did not receive hormone therapy.This evidence combined with that in the literature indicates that menopausal patients need not be deprived of the benefits of hormone therapy, which will contribute greatly to their well‐being and may at least delay the development of degenerative diseases.
RENAL FAILURE FROM ATHEROEMBOLISM AFTER TRANSLUMBAR AORTOGRAPHY
Authors: Pollitt Jorge , Lee Bak Moo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe author reports a case of renal failure due to atheroembolism precipitated by translumbar aortography. When the abdominal aorta contains atheromatous plaques, there is great danger of producing showers of atheroemboli by this procedure.
PRESIDENTIAL STATEMENT
Authors: Wright Irving S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe are now confronted with an enormous problem—our aging population, involving many millions of persons. Our nation is not preparing to meet this problem adequately, either economically or medically. Several of the challenges are outlined: prevention of disease (with special reference to cardiovascular disease), retirement problems, medical school training in geriatrics, and economic priorities. Hard examination of present attitudes and inadequate systems is needed, as well as a great deal of rethinking and retooling of our national effort to meet the future needs. The American Geriatrics Society should assume a more significant position of leadership in this progressive movement.
A SURVEY OF GERIATRIC EDUCATION: CATALOGUES OF UNITED STATES MEDICAL SCHOOLS*
Authors: Freeman Joseph T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAmong students committed to the study of aging including its clinical manifestations, there is concern that the field is not attracting younger scientists. It is a consensus that there are too few educational centers where gerontological training is available. Geriatric teaching resources in United States medical schools have not been tabulated and evaluated. Therefore, catalogues of schools approved as of 1970 were reviewed to ascertain their curriculum content and staff appointments with respect to the subject of aging. Rigid guidelines were used to determine specificity of designation. There were 124 citations in 48 of 99 catalogues, and there were 15 staff appointments under the heading of Geriatrics or Gerontology. The conclusion seems justified that the question of geriatric education has not made much impact upon scholastic policies of United States medical schools.
DAY HOSPITALS AND WELFARE HOMES IN THE CARE OF THE AGED
Authors: Rao D. B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis discussion of the role of day care hospitals and welfare homes in the comprehensive care of the aged includes special problems in design and management. These hospitals and homes are vital components in a program of comprehensive care of the aged. Such a program for old people enables them to remain in their homes when otherwise they would have to be admitted to an institution or receive only inadequate care at home.
THE EFFECT OF ORAL ZINC SULFATE THERAPY ON DECUBITUS ULCERS
Authors: Norris John R. , Reynolds Robert E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA double‐blind crossover study was conducted for twenty‐four weeks to evaluate the effect of oral zinc sulfate therapy in 14 patients with decubitus ulcers. An objective method was used to determine ulcer (crater) volume. Statistical analysis of the findings in this small study showed that the difference in effect between zinc sulfate and placebo was not significant. However, the authors' impression of clinical efficacy leads them to recommend further study with a much larger number of patients.
PREDICTIVE MEDICINE. VII. THE SPECIFICITY OF TESTS
Authors: Cheraskin E. , Ringsdorf W. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn full‐blown cases of disease, the results of certain biochemical tests may be highly diagnostic. However, in the early stages of illness, these tests are not pathognomonic and not even characteristic of a particular disease. For predictive purposes, biochemical testing is simply a measure of the syndrome of sickness.
DYSURIA IN OLD AGE*
Authors: Brocklehurst J.C. , Fry John , Griffiths L.L. , Kalton G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe incidence of symptoms of bladder dysfunction and of urinary‐tract infection in a population aged 65 and over is reported. The population represented 85 per cent of all the men and women in this age group on the list of one general practice. Nocturnal frequency of micturition occurred in 64 per cent, including 29 per cent who got up two or more times at night to pass urine. Nocturia became more common and more severe with advancing age, and was more common in patients with intellectual deficits. It was considered to be a neurogenic symptom. Incontinence was present in 20 per cent. Neurogenic changes and also trauma at parturition seemed to be contributing causes. Diurnal frequency (occurring in 10 per cent) showed no age association in women, but in men it became more common with advancing age, probably due to prostatism. Precipitancy (in 30 per cent) and scalding (in 11 per cent) were not associated with ageing, sex or infection. The symptoms generally are regarded as the ‘urethral syndrome,’ and our findings suggest a nonspecific urethritis. Although a significant degree of bacteriuria was present in 20 per cent of the women from the age of 65 and men from the age of 70, it played little part in producing any of the foregoing symptoms. Bacteriuria was not related to previous pregnancies, nor to trauma at parturition. It was related in men to a history of prostatectomy.
PLACEMENT OF ELDERLY PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS*
Authors: Gaitz Charles M. , Baer Paul E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOne hundred patients (age range, 60–84 years) who had been admitted to a county psychiatric ward were diagnostically evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. Based on a consensus from the diagnostic findings, 22 patients were placed in a non‐institutional setting, 24 in a local psychiatric hospital, 23 in a state psychiatric hospital, 23 in a nursing home, and 8 in a local general hospital. The diagnostic team's evaluations led to a sharp decrease in the number of patients placed in the state hospital, compared to the rate for a group of 110 patients not so evaluated, of whom 79 had been placed in the state hospital. By means of a variety of measures drawn from the multidisciplinary assessment procedures, it was possible to characterize the groups according to placement. Several combinations of physical, cognitive and social variables were found to delineate the placements.
MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM IN AN ADULT
Authors: Case Thomas C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA case report is presented of an adult male with 3 complications (infection, chronic intestinal obstruction, hemorrhage due to ulceration) of Meckel's diverticulum. The diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum was made preoperatively on the basis of the history, and the roentgenographic findings corroborated this diagnosis. Treatment is surgical. In this case, the severe inflammatory reaction with induration and thickening of the ileum necessitated resection of part of the ileum along with the diverticulum. Upon discharge from the hospital, the patient was free of all symptoms.
RHEUMATIC DISEASES OF THE AGED: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT*
Authors: Paolino James S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCase histories are presented to illustrate problems posed by elderly patients with rheumatic disease. When the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis is established, various medical or surgical measures are applicable (as described). In another group of patients, the differential diagnosis is more difficult, but must be solved before proper treatment can be started.
YOUNGER AT HEART: A STUDY OF THE P‐R INTERVAL
Authors: Cheraskin E. , Ringsdorf W. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWith advancing age, the electrocardiographic P‐R interval lengthens. The question arises as to whether this characteristic of the aging process can be regarded as normal or as physiologic. Two hundred and fifty dentists and their wives were studied, before and after an improved dietary regimen. Comparisons were made with Lepeschkin's data on 872 “normal” persons. On the assumption that normal is synonymous with average, there is normally an increase in the length of the P‐R interval. However, the data in this report suggest that a progressively longer P‐R interval with time is not physiologic. Moreover, the trend can be reversed by dietary means. Thus people can be made “younger at heart.”
GENERATIONAL CHANGES AND GERIATRIC CARE*
Authors: KOBRYNSKI BORYS , CUMMING ELAINE 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: An increase in variety of care for the disabled elderly and an improvement in quality is long overdue. These changes will be mandatory because of demographic and social trends that are discernible now, but which will not have their effect for some time. Trends which reflect basic changes in life style include: 1) the lower age of marriage and the completion of families in the third decade of life, a fact which predicts that the disabled elderly will have to be cared for by children who themselves are reaching the age of disability; 2) trends toward abandoning “family homes” for small apartments, urbanization and earlier retirement; and 3) the relocation of responsibility for care of the aged to the public sector.An important factor which has already affected planning for geriatric services is the changing role of state mental hospitals. A large group of the elderly in New York State has received care in the only place available to them—the state hospital—but this has not been adequate. A study of a group of elderly patients screened out of a mental hospital in New York City showed that, after six months, close to 50 per cent were still living at home and nearly 30 per cent were in nursing homes.Because of demographic and social trends, undue reliance on care in family homes is not advocated. Rather, planning should include new models such as small congregate homes specializing in the care of the confused elderly and a wide range of supportive social services. Greater acceptance of responsibility by local communities is expected, with the state assuming financial support and supervision of the quality of care.
MORTALITY OF AGEING PEOPLE BY SOCIAL GROUPS IN THE GAINFULLY EMPLOYED POPULATION OF BULGARIA, 1965–1966
Authors: MATEEFF D. , STOJNEV G. , VIZEV S. , DOJCHINOVA TZ. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: This study is concerned with mortality in three basic social groups in Bulgaria (both sexes): 1) cooperative farmers, 2) workers, and 3) employees—gainfully employed in 1965 and 1966. The mortality rates for these groups increased in parallel fashion, and were almost the same up to the age period 45–49 years. After this age period the mortality rates rose steeply and the first inter‐group differences appeared; these became even greater with advancing age. Thus, the mortality rate for gainfully employed males over age 60 was 5.5 times higher than for cooperative farmers, and 2.5 times higher than for workers. When causes of death in the 60+ age group were examined, it was found that deaths from cardiovascular disease were 6.5 times higher for employees than for cooperative farmers, and 2.5 times higher than for workers. Similar ratios were found with respect to diseases of the central nervous system and of the respiratory organs. Moreover, deaths from various kinds of tumours were 4 times higher for employees than for cooperative farmers.The factors leading to such striking differences in mortality for the three basic social groups are discussed. The principal factor apparently is the difference in their regimens of work and life.
COMBINATION MEDICATIONS IN PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT: PATTERNS IN A GROUP OF ELDERLY HOSPITAL PATIENTS*
Authors: FRACCHIA JOHN , SHEPPARD CHARLES , MERLIS SIDNEY 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: The patterns for treatment with combined medications were studied in a group of elderly male (n = 137) and female (n = 432) psychiatric patients housed in the continued‐treatment services of a state hospital. The combination most frequently used was that of an antidepressant agent with a tranquilizing drug (major or minor). Slightly more than half of all combinations of psychoactive agents prescribed for these patients were composed of a tranquilizer and an antidepressent agent.The combining of particular psychotropic drugs appeared to be related to the sex and age of the patients. Major tranquilizers were used proportionally more often as part of a combination for patients (both sexes) below the age of 70, and proportionally less often for patients aged 70 or older.Certain drugs—perphenazine, chlorprothixene, diazepam and amitriptyline—were used in combinations much more often for female patients than for male patients. Thus the combinations of amitryptyline with chlorprothixene or perphenazine, and of imipramine with diazepam or perphenazine, were used almost exclusively for females. On the other hand, combinations involving the use of thioridazine with trifluoperazine or imipramine were used more often for male than for female patients.
The Basic Philosophy of Estrogen Maintenance
Authors: WILSON ROBERT A. , WILSON THELMA A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:The importance of estrogen in the lives of women is stressed. The Maturation Index is a valuable aid in the detection and therapeutic monitoring of estrogen deficiency. The best method of treatment is with naturally occurring estrogens, human or equine. The process is simply the transfer of natural estrogens from one mammal to another, and there are no side effects when given in proper dosage. Such estrogen maintenance can be successfully extended beyond the age of the menopause.