bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A facile method to fabricate cell‐laden hydrogel microparticles of tunable sizes using thermal inkjet bioprinting
Authors: Suntornnond Ratima , Ng Wei Long , Shkolnikov Viktor , Yeong Wai Yee 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the application of a drop‐on‐demand (DOD) thermal inkjet (TIJ)‐based bioprinting system for the fabrication of cell‐laden hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) with tunable sizes. The TIJ bioprinting technique involves the formation of vapor bubbles within the print chamber through thermal energy, expelling small droplets of bio‐ink onto a substrate. The study employs a heat‐treated saponified gelatin‐based bio‐ink, HSP‐GelMA. This bio‐ink is modified through methacrylic anhydride functionalization and undergoes subsequent saponification and heat treatment processes. Various concentrations of SPAN 80 surfactant in mineral oil were evaluated to assess their influence on HMP size and stability. The results indicate a direct correlation, with higher SPAN 80 concentrations resulting in smaller and more stable HMPs. The study further investigates the influence of jetting volume on HMP size distribution, revealing that larger jetting volumes lead to increased HMP sizes, attributed to droplet coalescence. This is supported by our further study via a Monte Carlo simulation, which shows that the mean droplet diameter grows approximately linear with the number of dispensed droplets. In addition, the study demonstrates the capability of the TIJ bioprinting system to achieve multimaterial encapsulation within HMPs, exemplified by staining living cells with distinct cytoplasmic membrane dyes. The presented approach provides insights into the controlled fabrication of cell‐laden HMPs, highlighting the versatility of the TIJ bioprinting system for potential applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery.
Using multiple scales of movement to highlight risk–reward strategies of coyotes (Canis latrans) in mixed‐use landscapes
Authors: Van Scoyoc Amy , Calhoun Kendall L. , Brashares Justin S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany wildlife species vary habitat selection across space, time, and behavior to maximize rewards and minimize risk. Multi‐scale research approaches that identify variation in wildlife habitat selection can highlight not only habitat preferences and risk tolerance but also movement strategies that afford coexistence or cause conflict with humans. Here, we examined how anthropogenic and natural features influenced coyote (Canis latrans) habitat selection in a mixed‐use, agricultural landscape in Mendocino County, California, USA. We used resource selection functions and hidden Markov models to test whether coyote selection for anthropogenic and natural features varied by time of day or by behavioral state (resting, foraging, and traveling). We found that coyotes avoided development, but, contrary to our expectations, coyotes selected for roads, agriculture, and areas with risk of human encounter and rifle use regardless of diel period or behavioral state. While traveling, coyotes increased selection for roads and avoided ruggedness, indicating that unpaved roads may enhance connectivity for coyotes in mixed‐use landscapes. Finally, we found that coyotes selected for mountain lion habitat when resting and at night, signifying that risk from natural predators was not a factor in habitat selection at coarse scales. Coyote habitat selection for places and times associated with human activity, without variation across scales, signals a potential for conflict if coyotes are perceived by people as a nuisance.
Dynamic evolution of tricuspid regurgitation during hospitalization in patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Zocca Eugenio , Cocianni Daniele , Barbisan Davide , Perotto Maria , Contessi Stefano , Rizzi Jacopo Giulio , Savonitto Giulio , Brollo Enrico , Soranzo Elisa , De Luca Antonio , Merlo Marco , Sinagra Gianfranco , Stolfo Davide 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsSecondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with poor prognosis in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). However, its dynamic evolution in response to volume status and treatment has never been previously investigated. In this study, we sought to explore the in‐hospital evolution of TR in ADHF patients and to assess its prognostic implications.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively enrolled patients admitted for ADHF with ≥2 in‐hospital echocardiographic evaluations of TR. Patients were categorized, according to TR evolution, into persistent moderate‐severe TR, improved TR (from moderate‐severe to trivial‐mild) and persistent trivial‐mild TR. The primary endpoint was a composite of 5‐year all‐cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization (HFH). A total of 1054 patients were included. Of 318 patients (30%) with moderate‐severe TR at admission, 49% improved TR severity and showed better trends of decongestion, whereas those who maintained persistent moderate‐severe TR had characteristics of more severe heart failure at admission and discharge. Atrial fibrillation, previous heart failure and higher dosage of loop diuretics before admission were associated with a lower probability of improved TR. After adjustment, improved TR was associated with lower risk of 5‐year all‐cause mortality/HFH compared with persistent moderate‐severe TR (hazard ratio [HR] 0.524, p = 0.008) and no different from persistent trivial‐mild TR (HR 0.878, p = 0.575). Results were consistent across all subgroups of in‐hospital variation of mitral regurgitation.ConclusionAmong ADHF patients with moderate‐severe TR at admission, 49% had an in‐hospital improvement in TR severity, which was associated with a reduction in risk of 5‐year all‐cause mortality and morbidity outcomes.
The potential of γδ CAR and TRuC T cells: An unearthed treasure
Authors: Schamel Wolfgang W. , Zintchenko Marina , Nguyen Trang , Fehse Boris , Briquez Priscilla S. , Minguet Susana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent years have witnessed the success of αβ T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) in treating haematological cancers. CARs combine the tumour antigen binding capability of antibodies with the signalling functions of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) ζ chain and co‐stimulatory receptors. Despite the success, αβ CAR T cells face limitations. Possible solutions would be the use of γδ T cells and new chimeric receptors, such as TCR fusion constructs (TRuCs). Notably, γδ CAR T cells are gaining traction in pre‐clinical and clinical studies, demonstrating a promising safety profile in several pilot studies. This review delves into the current understanding of γδ CAR and TCR fusion construct T cells, exploring the opportunities and challenges they present for cancer treatment.
Recent Developments in C−S, C−Se Bond Formation via Three‐Component Reactions of Alkynes
Authors: Wang Zhan‐Yong , Feng Guipeng , Jiang Xiaoying , Xue Hanyue , Xu Qing , Xia Ran 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlkynes are valuable building blocks in organic synthesis. They can undergo three‐component difunctionalization to create sulfur or selenium‐containing compounds. Three‐component reactions of alkynes are atom economic, practical and regioselective. This review will disscuss decade developments, including C−S and C−Se bond formation via thiolation, sulfonylation and selenylation. Recent developments can be mainly categorized into three types. (1) Radical C−S/S−Se bond formation is a hot topic. Reactions initiated by S/Se radicals or other radicals exhibit two types of selectivities. Photochemical and electrochemical reactions under eco‐friendly conditions have been increasingly reported. (2) Some transformations involve electrophilic three‐membered ring intermediates. Thiiraniums, seleniraniums, and iodoniums are among the most prevalent species. They undergo ring‐opening by various nucleophiles and participate in tandem reactions. (3) Metal‐catalyzed reactions, a classic category, will also be discussed in the text. In the following section, we will provide an overview based on the mechanisms and substrates. The roles of added reagents will also be discussed.
N‐Arylphenothiazines and N,N‐Diarylphenazines as Tailored Organophotoredox Catalysts for the Reductive Activation of Alkenes
Authors: Giraud Madeleine , Mitha Mathis Robin , Klehenz Sven , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA small library of N‐arylphenothiazines, N‐arylbenzo[b]phenothiazines and N,N‐diarylphenazines has been synthesized as strongly reducing organophotocatalysts without the need for sacrificial reagents or electrochemistry. Their opto‐electronic properties and their suitability as organophotoredox catalysts for the efficient activation of olefins was investigated using the addition of methanol to α‐methylstyrene as a model reaction. The findings were supported by DFT calculations. Three photocatalysts were identified that allowed quantitative yields with 10 mol % catalyst loading and 20 h irradiation by a 365 nm LED. The catalyst loading was gradually reduced to 0.5 mol % and the irradiation time was reduced to only 20 min. These experiments revealed that N,N‐diisobutyl‐4′‐(10H‐phenothiazin‐10‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐amine is the most efficient photocatalyst among the N‐arylphenothiazines. This chromophore combines high electron density introduced by the diisobutylamino phenyl group with high absorptivity at 365 nm caused by the phenylene bridge to the phenothiazine core. In an attempt to shift the excitation wavelength into the visible light range for selectivity and sustainability purposes (potential use of sunlight as a light source), N‐arylbenzo[b]phenothiazines N,N‐diarylphenazines were designed that exhibit a red‐shifted and broad absorbance shoulder into the visible range, but only N,N‐diarylphenazines allow photocatalysis and the one‐electron activation of alkenes by visible light (450 nm LED).
Electrochemical N‐Centered Radical‐Triggered Intramolecular N−N Coupling for the Cyclization of o‐Aminyl Azobenzenes
Authors: Gao Anna , Chen Kangjia , Ma Fang , Li Anni , Li Hongji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn electrochemical radical cyclization of o‐aminyl azobenzenes via N‐centered radical generation has been developed for the synthesis of benzotriazoles. The cyclization of o‐aminyl azobenzenes bearing a sulfonyl protection on amine readily proceeds in the absence of any external transition metal catalyst or chemical oxidant, and exhibits good tolerance towards functional groups.
Painful stimulation increases functional connectivity between supplementary motor area and thalamus in patients with small fibre neuropathy
Authors: Scheliga Sebastian , Dohrn Maike F. , Kellermann Thilo , Lampert Angelika , Rolke Roman , Namer Barbara , Peschke Greta Z. , van den Braak Nortje , Lischka Annette , Spehr Marc , Jo Han‐Gue , Habel Ute 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe lead symptom of small fibre neuropathy (SFN) is neuropathic pain. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have indicated central changes in SFN patients of different etiologies. However, less is known about brain functional connectivity during acute pain processing in idiopathic SFN.MethodsWe conducted fMRI with thermal heat pain application (left volar forearm) in 32 idiopathic SFN patients and 31 healthy controls. We performed functional connectivity analyses with right supplementary motor area (SMA), left insula, and left caudate nucleus (CN) as seed regions, respectively. Since pathogenic gain‐of‐function variants in voltage gated sodium channels (Nav) have been linked to SFN pathophysiology, explorative connectivity analyses were performed in a homogenous subsample of patients carrying rare heterozygous missense variants.ResultsFor right SMA, we found significantly higher connectivity with the right thalamus in SFN patients compared to controls. This connectivity correlated significantly with intraepidermal nerve fibre density, suggesting a link between peripheral and central pain processing. We found significantly reduced connections between right SMA and right middle frontal gyrus in patients with Nav variants. Likewise, connectivity between left CN and right frontal pole was decreased.ConclusionsAberrant functional connectivity in SFN is in line with previous research on other chronic pain syndromes. Functional connectivity changes may be linked to SFN, highlighting the need to determine if they result from peripheral changes causing abnormal somatosensory processing. This understanding may be crucial for assessing their impact on painful symptoms and therapy response.Significance statementWe found increased functional connectivity between SMA and thalamus during painful stimulation in patients with idiopathic SFN. Connectivity correlated significantly with intraepidermal nerve fibre density, suggesting a link between peripheral and central pain processing. Our findings emphasize the importance of investigating functional connectivity changes as a potential feature of SFN.
Joint bidding strategy of multi‐virtual power plant operators
Authors: Du Jiyu , Zhao Yi , Sun Wenyao , Qian Xiaoyi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe distributed generation of new energy can effectively use the local endemic clean new energy and provide green power. However, due to the small scale and scattered layout of distributed generation resources, it is difficult to participate in the economic dispatch of power systems and even the competition of the power market. Virtual Power Plant (VPP) can act as a carrier of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) to manage its internal energy, to carry out combined bidding in the day‐ahead energy market and the regulation market. When virtual power plants coordinate multiple distributed energy resources to participate in electricity market transactions, the degree of disclosure of their internal privacy information will produce different trading strategies. A Stackelberg game model between multiple virtual power plant aggregators and virtual power plant operators is constructed, and the Kriging model is combined to protect the privacy information in the transactions of virtual power plant operators. Energy management for distributed generation is carried out, and the profit situation of virtual power plant operators under different strategies is analyzed.
Post‐fire sediment attenuation in beaver ponds, Rocky Mountains, CO and WY, USA
Authors: Dunn Sarah B. , Rathburn Sara L. , Wohl Ellen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe evaluated the post‐fire sediment dynamics in beaver ponds to examine these ponds' contributions to sediment storage following disturbance. Beaver dams and beaver mimicry structures impound water and sediment, a function that is of growing interest in wildfire‐prone landscapes. Wildfires typically lead to high sediment loading into rivers in the years following fire, constituting a disturbance to aquatic ecosystems and a challenge to water resource managers. Previous work establishes that beaver dams trap substantial volumes of sediment, but sedimentation appears spatially and temporally heterogeneous and it remains unclear the extent to which short‐term pulses of sediment are attenuated by these structures. We examine the conditions under which beaver dams and beaver mimicry structures store post‐fire sediment by quantifying the sediment volume of 40 ponds, about half of which were burned in large wildfires in the Colorado and Wyoming Rocky Mountains in 2020. The median relative volume of burned ponds is 85%, which is greater than the median for unburned ponds (58%), meaning that burned ponds store higher relative volumes of sediment when pond size is accounted for. Furthermore, sediment accumulated at a median rate of 3.0 cm/year over the entire history of the pond. Post‐fire sedimentation rates, with a median of 20.4 cm/year, were an order of magnitude higher than pre‐fire rates with a median of 1.8 cm/year. In addition, vegetation and geomorphic characteristics correlated with sediment storage in ponds. Sediment surveys confirmed that ponds with greater surface areas contain higher volumes of sediment. Additionally, older ponds and ponds abandoned by beavers stored higher volumes of sediment compared to recently constructed ponds, ponds actively maintained by beaver, and beaver mimicry structures. These findings demonstrate that beaver ponds and mimicry structures may function as sediment sinks capable of attenuating post‐fire sediment. The biogeomorphic context, defined across multiple scales from the pond to the catchment, provides additional explanation for the wide range of sediment storage observed and remains an important consideration for beaver‐based restoration, catchment sediment management, and resilience evaluation.
Nutrition, health benefits, and processing of sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum): Comparisons with quinoa and buckwheat
Authors: Yang Xiaofan , Fu Wenting , Xiao Liuyang , Wei Zhaojun , Han Lihong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe dual pressures of climate change and population growth have made the development of new grains a necessity. Agriophyllum squarrosum (sand rice) has high adaptability to harsh environments and does not occupy agricultural land. It is widely cultivated and consumed in Central Asia. Sand rice, together with quinoa and buckwheat, belongs to the same pseudocereals group with rich nutritional value and gluten‐free properties; however, its nutritional composition and health benefits differ from those of quinoa and buckwheat. Sand rice seeds are a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds, including proteins, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and crude fiber, which are similar to those in buckwheat and quinoa; however, their starch content is relatively low. Sand rice seeds also possess phenolic acids and flavonoids, which exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, anti‐diabetes, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Furthermore, sand rice extracts are considered suitable for treating some chronic diseases. Overall, sand rice is considered a good plant‐based food that can be used to develop various functional foods and beverages or mixed with other grains in different recipes. However, advancements in the processing technology of sand rice‐based foods are required to fully exploit the potential of sand rice in the food industry to improve human health. This review analyzes the current understanding of the nutritional content of sand rice by comparing it with that of quinoa and buckwheat. Furthermore, its potential medicinal activity and feasibility as a functional ingredient to improve food quality is discussed.
Thermal and hydrodynamic analysis inside a channel partially filled with porous material
Authors: Taamneh Yazan , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, the transfer of heat and changes in fluid pressure within a rectangular channel fairly packed with porous material have been studied numerically for various Darcy numbers and dimensionless porous layers. The model was run with the following assumptions: laminar flow, forced convection, isotropic porous material, local thermodynamic equilibrium, constant wall temperature boundary condition, and no thermal dissipation. The study covers a broad range for the dimensionless porous layer, 0 ≤ hr < 1, and the Darcy number, 10−4 < Da < 10−2. The fully developed and developing flow over the channel is investigated in numerical study. It was observed that the inertia effect may be disregarded when Da < 10−4. The local dimensionless bulk temperature distribution, pressure drop, and velocity profiles were all shown to be impacted by the Darcy number and dimensionless porous layers, according to the numerical analysis results. The maximum heat transfer rate was attained when the ratio of the porous layer inside the channel was 0.8, and the pressure gradient was the highest. Partial packing of the channel with a porous material has two advantages: it increases the rate heat transmission rate and results in a much smaller pressure drop than a filled porous medium.
Effects of groundwater pumping on pore water flow and salt transport in tide‐controlled unconfined coastal aquifers
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhang Lei , Shen Chengji , Lu Chunhui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnconfined coastal aquifers are a main pathway for land‐sourced solutes to enter the oceans. The migration of these solutes in aquifers is highly affected by the groundwater flow and salt transport processes, which are, to a great extent, controlled by tides. While many studies have examined how tidal oscillations would influence the subsurface hydrodynamics in coastal aquifers, most of them ignored the potential impact of groundwater pumping, a common practice in coastal areas to satisfy the demand for freshwater. This study, by means of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, explored the combined effects of tides and groundwater pumping on the pore water flow and salinity distributions in an unconfined coastal aquifer. The results show that, in a tide‐controlled aquifer, the addition of groundwater pumping would exacerbate the degree of seawater intrusion and lead to wider spreading and deeper penetration of the upper saline plume. Moreover, groundwater pumping would enhance the tide‐driven circulation in the upper saline plume and weaken the density‐driven circulation in the saltwater wedge, ultimately leading to the reduction in total submarine groundwater discharge. These findings may promote a deep insight into the complex coastal groundwater systems experiencing human activities, and provide guidance for better evaluating the environmental impact of groundwater pumping.
Mutational signatures and their association with cancer survival and gene expression in multiple cancer types
Authors: Karihtala Peeter , Kilpivaara Outi , Porvari Katja 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDifferent endogenous and exogenous mutational processes cause specific patterns of somatic mutations and mutational signatures. Although their biological research has been intensive, there are only rare studies assessing the possible prognostic role of mutational signatures. We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to study the associations between the activity of the mutational signatures and four survival endpoints in 18 types of malignancies. We further explored the prognostic differences according to, for example, the HPV status in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and smoking status in lung cancers. The predictive power of the signatures over time was evaluated with a dynamic area under the curve model, and the links between mutational signature activities and differences in gene expression patterns were analyzed. In 12 of 18 studied cancer types, we identified at least one mutational signature whose activity predicted survival outcomes after adjusting for the established prognostic factors. For example, overall survival was associated with the activity of mutational signatures in nine cancer types and disease‐specific survival in seven cancer types. The clock‐like signatures SBS5 and SBS40 were most commonly associated with survival endpoints. The genes of the myosin binding protein and melanoma antigen families were among the most substantially dysregulated genes between the signatures of low and high activity. The differences in gene expression also revealed various enriched pathways. Based on these data, specific mutational signatures associate with the gene expression and have the potential to serve as strong prognostic factors in several cancer types.