bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypotensive effects and performance responses between different resistance training intensities and exercise orders in apparently health women
Authors: Bentes Claudio M. , Costa Pablo B. , Neto Gabriel R. , Costa e Silva Gabriel V. , de Salles Belmiro F. , Miranda Humberto L. , Novaes Jefferson S. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryTo compare the hypotensive effect and performance responses between different resistance training intensities and different exercise orders in apparently healthy women, thirteen apparently healthy women performed four resistance training sessions in randomized order. One group performed the resistance training exercises with 60% of 1RM (SeqA60%): leg press (LG), chest press (CP), leg extension (LE), lat pull down (PD), leg curl (LC) and biceps curl (BC). Another group performed the resistance training exercises with 80% of 1RM (SeqA80%) with the same exercise order. Two other groups performed the resistance training exercises with 60% (SeqB60%) and 80% of 1RM (SeqB80%), however, in another sequence of exercises: CP, PD, BC or LG, LE, LC. The blood pressure was measured before, and at every 15 min until 60 min postexercise. The different intensities and different exercise orders resulted in a significant hypotensive effect in systolic and diastolic blood pressures that remained until 15 min. In addition, significant reductions in systolic blood pressure were observed at 30 min for SeqA in both intensities and for SeqB with intensities of 80% of 1RM. However, there was no significant difference between intensities and different prescription orders (P>0·05). Although the current study showed significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures after different resistance training sessions, the manipulation of intensity and exercise sequence, such as those used in the present study, was not able to generate significant changes in the duration and magnitude of hypotensive effect.
Cross‐modal decoupling in temporal attention
Authors: Mühlberg Stefanie , Oriolo Giovanni , Soto‐Faraco Salvador 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPrior studies have repeatedly reported behavioural benefits to events occurring at attended, compared to unattended, points in time. It has been suggested that, as for spatial orienting, temporal orienting of attention spreads across sensory modalities in a synergistic fashion. However, the consequences of cross‐modal temporal orienting of attention remain poorly understood. One challenge is that the passage of time leads to an increase in event predictability throughout a trial, thus making it difficult to interpret possible effects (or lack thereof). Here we used a design that avoids complete temporal predictability to investigate whether attending to a sensory modality (vision or touch) at a point in time confers beneficial access to events in the other, non‐attended, sensory modality (touch or vision, respectively). In contrast to previous studies and to what happens with spatial attention, we found that events in one (unattended) modality do not automatically benefit from happening at the time point when another modality is expected. Instead, it seems that attention can be deployed in time with relative independence for different sensory modalities. Based on these findings, we argue that temporal orienting of attention can be cross‐modally decoupled in order to flexibly react according to the environmental demands, and that the efficiency of this selective decoupling unfolds in time.
Nestin expression and reactive phenomena in the mouse cochlea after kanamycin ototoxicity
Authors: Martone Tiziana , Giordano Pamela , Dagna Federico , Carulli Daniela , Albera Roberto , Rossi Ferdinando 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFollowing injury to the adult mammalian cochlea, hair cells cannot be spontaneously replaced. Nonetheless, the postnatal cochlea contains progenitor cells, distinguished by the expression of nestin, which are able to proliferate and form neurospheres in vitro. Such resident progenitors might be endowed with reparative potential. However, to date little is known about their behaviour in situ following hair cell injury. Using adult mice and ex vivo cochlear cultures, we sought to determine whether: (i) resident cochlear progenitors respond to kanamycin ototoxicity and compensate for it; and (ii) the reparative potential of cochlear progenitors can be stimulated by the addition of growth factors. Morphological changes of cochlear tissue, expression of nestin mRNA and protein and cell proliferation were investigated in these models. Our observations show that ototoxic injury has modest effects on nestin expression and cell proliferation. On the other hand, the addition of growth factors to the injured cochlear explants induced the appearance of nestin‐positive cells in the supporting cell area of the organ of Corti. The vast majority of nestin‐expressing cells, however, were not proliferating. Growth factors also had a robust stimulatory effect on axonal sprouting and the proliferative response, which was more pronounced in injured cochleae. On the whole, our findings indicate that nestin expression after kanamycin ototoxicity is related to tissue reactivity rather than activation of resident progenitors attempting to replace the lost receptors. In addition, administration of growth factors significantly enhances tissue remodelling, suggesting that cochlear repair may be promoted by the exogenous application of regeneration‐promoting substances.
Collagen gels and the ‘Bornstein legacy’: from a substrate for tissue culture to cell culture systems and biomaterials for tissue regeneration
Authors: García‐Gareta Elena 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAs collagen is the main structural component of connective tissues and skin, much effort was made in the past and still today to use it in cell culture applications. Moreover, collagen biomaterials are widely used in tissue regeneration, including the treatment of burns and chronic wounds. The great implications of the research carried out by Bornstein, Ehrmann and Gey on collagen preparations in the 1950s for cell culture and more recently tissue engineering and regeneration are described in this commentary. Specifically, it is explored why the 1958 paper on ‘Reconstituted Rat‐Tail Collagen Used as Substrate for Tissue Cultures on Coverslips in Maximow Slides and Roller Tubes’ by M. B. Bornstein has made an invaluable contribution to the field.
Novel TBL1XR1, EPHA7 and SLFN12 mutations in a Sezary syndrome patient discovered by whole exome sequencing
Authors: Andersson Emma , Eldfors Samuli , Edgren Henrik , Ellonen Pekka , Väkevä Liisa , Ranki Annamari , Mustjoki Satu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSezary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive leukaemic variant of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations have been found in SS, but the whole genetic mutation spectrum is unknown. To better understand the molecular pathogenesis of SS, we performed exome sequencing, copy number variation (CNV) and gene expression analysis of primary SS cells. In our index patient with typical SS, we found novel somatic missense mutations in TBL1XR1, EPHA7 and SLFN12 genes in addition to larger chromosomal changes. The mutations are located in biologically relevant genes affecting apoptosis and T‐cell maturation. They may play a role in the pathobiology of the disease, but no recurrent mutations were discovered in nine additional patients with SS studied. Thus, screening of larger patient cohorts is needed to confirm their prevalence and biological significance in SS.
Gluteal and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue depots as stroma cell source: gluteal cells display increased adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potentials
Authors: Iwen Karl Alexander , Priewe Anna‐Christin , Winnefeld Marc , Rose Christian , Siemers Frank , Rohwedel Jürgen , Cakiroglu Figen , Lehnert Hendrik , Schepky Andreas , Klein Johannes , Kramer Jan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHuman adipose‐derived stroma cells (ADSCs) have successfully been employed in explorative therapeutic studies. Current evidence suggests that ADSCs are unevenly distributed in subcutaneous adipose tissue; therefore, the anatomical origin of ADSCs may influence clinical outcomes. This study was designed to investigate proliferation and differentiation capacities of ADSCs from the gluteal and abdominal depot of 8 females. All had normal BMI (22.01 ± 0.39 kg/m2) and waist circumference (81.13 ± 2.33 cm). Examination by physicians and analysis of 31 laboratory parameters did not reveal possibly confounding medical disorders. Gluteal and abdominal adipose tissue was sampled by en bloc resection on day 7 (±1) after the last menses. Histological examination did not reveal significant depot‐specific differences. As assessed by BrdU assay, proliferation of cells from both depots was similar after 24 h and analysis of 15 cell surface markers by flow cytometry identified the isolated cells as ADSCs, again without depot‐specific differences. ADSCs from both depots differentiated poorly to chondroblasts. Gluteal ADSCs displayed significantly higher adipogenic differentiation potential than abdominal cells. Osteogenic differentiation was most pronounced in gluteal cells, whereas differentiation of abdominal ADSCs was severely impaired. Our data demonstrate a depot‐specific difference in ADSC differentiation potential with abdominal cells failing to meet the criteria of multipotent ADSCs. This finding should be taken into account in future explorations of ADSC‐derived therapeutic strategies.
Interactions between metazoans, autotrophs, mixotrophs and bacterioplankton in nutrient‐depleted high DOC environments: a long‐term experiment
Authors: Jäger Christoph G. , Vrede Tobias , Persson Lennart , Jansson Mats 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Humic lakes with a high external supply of DOC and low input of nutrients can often support a high biomass of metazoan zooplankton. In such lakes, autotrophic algae compete with bacteria for inorganic nutrients, but bacteria support mixotrophic growth. Consequently, planktonic communities are often dominated by mixotrophic flagellates, while obligate autotrophic phytoplankton occurs in low numbers for extended periods.

To test the importance of autotrophic phytoplankton and mixotrophic flagellates as food resources for metazoan grazers and, in turn, the feedback effects of grazers on basal food‐web interactions, we conducted a long‐term experiment where we simulated abiotic resource relationships of humic lakes (high DOC [glucose] and low P input). We examined the population dynamics of Daphnia galeata when inoculated in systems with autotrophic algae only, mixotrophic algae only and a mixture of autotrophic and mixotrophic algae, and how the systems changed after the inoculation of Daphnia. All combinations were run at high‐ and low‐light conditions to analyse the effects of light on food quantity and quality.

Daphnia grew to high densities only when mixotrophs were present at high‐light conditions and showed no or only weak growth at low‐light conditions or with autotrophs as the only food source.

Autotrophic algae and bacteria showed a strong competition for nutrients. Autotrophic algae were released from competition for nutrients after Daphnia grazed on bacteria, which led to a probable change of the bacteria community to less edible but less competitive taxa. As a consequence, there was a mutualistic interaction between autotrophs and mixotrophs before Daphnia were introduced which turned into competition after Daphnia inoculation.

We suggest that mixotrophic flagellates can be a critical resource for cladocerans and thereby also have a cascading effect on higher trophic levels, and cladocerans, in turn, have important indirect effects on basal planktonic food webs; hence, both might affect whole lake ecosystems.
Spatial leave‐one‐out cross‐validation for variable selection in the presence of spatial autocorrelation
Authors: Le Rest Kévin , Pinaud David , Monestiez Pascal , Chadoeuf Joël , Bretagnolle Vincent 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimProcesses and variables measured in ecology are almost always spatially autocorrelated, potentially leading to the choice of overly complex models when performing variable selection. One way to solve this problem is to account for residual spatial autocorrelation (RSA) for each subset of variables considered and then use a classical model selection criterion such as the Akaike information criterion (AIC). However, this method can be laborious and it raises other concerns such as which spatial model to use or how to compare different spatial models. To improve the accuracy of variable selection in ecology, this study evaluates an alternative method based on a spatial cross‐validation procedure. Such a procedure is usually used for model evaluation but can also provide interesting outcomes for variable selection in the presence of spatial autocorrelation.InnovationWe propose to use a special case of spatial cross‐validation, spatial leave‐one‐out (SLOO), giving a criterion equivalent to the AIC in the absence of spatial autocorrelation. SLOO only computes non‐spatial models and uses a threshold distance (equal to the range of RSA) to keep each point left out spatially independent from the others. We first provide some simulations to evaluate how SLOO performs compared with AIC. We then assess the robustness of SLOO on a large‐scale dataset. R software codes are provided for generalized linear models.Main conclusionsThe AIC was relevant for variable selection in the presence of RSA if the independent variables considered were not spatially autocorrelated. It otherwise failed because highly spatially autocorrelated variables were more often selected than others. Conversely, SLOO had similar performances whether the variables were themselves spatially autocorrelated or not. It was particularly useful when the range of RSA was small, which is a common property of spatial tools. SLOO appears to be a promising solution for selecting relevant variables from most ecological spatial datasets.
Adjustment of pre‐moult foraging strategies in Macaroni Penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus according to locality, sex and breeding status
Authors: Thiebot Jean‐Baptiste , Cherel Yves , Acqueberge Manon , Prudor Aurélien , Trathan Philip N. , Bost Charles‐André 
Published: April 2014

The annual moult creates the highest physiological stress during a penguin's breeding‐cycle and is preceded by a period of hyperphagia at sea. Although crucial to individual survival, foraging strategies before moult have been little investigated in keystone marine consumers in the Southern Ocean. The Macaroni Penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus demonstrates how individuals may adjust their foraging strategies during this period in line with constraints such as potential intraspecific competition between localities, foraging ability between dimorphic sexes and timing at sea between breeding and non‐breeding population components. We recorded pre‐moult behaviour at sea for 22 Macaroni Penguins from Crozet and Kerguelen Islands (southern Indian Ocean) during 2009 and 2011, using light‐based geolocation and stable isotope analysis. Penguins were distributed in population‐specific oceanic areas with similar surface temperatures (3.5 °C) south of the archipelagos, where they foraged at comparable trophic levels based on stable isotopes of their blood. Bayesian ‘broken stick’ modelling with concurrent analysis of seawater temperature records from the animal‐borne devices showed that within each population, females remained 6 days longer than males in the colder waters before heading back towards their colonies. Finally, 17 other non‐breeding individuals that moulted earlier had a higher mean blood δ15N value than did post‐breeding birds, meaning that early moulters probably fed more on fish than did late moulters. Our findings of such adjustments in foraging strategies developed across locality, sex and breeding status help understanding of the species' contrasted pre‐moult biology across its range and its ecology in the non‐breeding period.
Significant effects of season and bird age on use of coppice woodland by songbirds
Authors: MacColl Andrew D. C. , du Feu Christopher R. , Wain Stephen P. 
Published: April 2014

Woodland birds have experienced widespread population declines across Europe, resulting partly from a decrease in management practices such as coppicing. Increasing fuelwood demand may reverse the decline of coppicing, making it timely to attempt a fuller understanding of its effects. Here, the impact of coppicing on year‐round habitat use by adults and juveniles of 16 songbird species was quantified from a quasi‐experimental study over 32 years (1978–2009) in Treswell Wood, Nottinghamshire, UK. Habitat use was inferred using capture rates from more than 10 000 h of mist‐netting (> 25 000 captures) and detailed information on coppicing. Capture rates varied with coppice age in different ways: (1) increases as coppice aged (e.g. Marsh Tit Poecile palustris, juvenile Eurasian Treecreepers Certhia familiaris); (2) declines as coppice aged (e.g. Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus, Great Tit Parus major); (3) peaks in capture rates at intermediate coppice age (i.e. 5–15 years) (e.g. Garden Warbler Sylvia borin, Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus, adult Treecreepers); and (4) a peak at intermediate ages, followed by a decline, before an increase in use again at the oldest coppice ages (i.e. > 20 years) (e.g. Common Blackbird Turdus merula, Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla, Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula). Responses to coppice age were similar in different seasons, although Willow Tits Poecile montana showed little preference during breeding but avoided older coppice at other times. Juveniles and adults often differed in their responses to coppice age. The analyses reveal patterns in habitat use that are relevant to woodland management and conservation policy. They suggest that a mosaic of age structures in woodland is beneficial to a wide range of woodland species, and that management should consider the requirements of all age‐classes of birds at different times of year.
A systematic review of time studies to assess the impact of patient transfers on nurse workload
Authors: Blay Nicole , Duffield Christine M , Gallagher Robyn , Roche Michael 
Published: April 2014

Patients in hospital are increasingly being moved between clinical units and between bedspaces; however, the impact of patient transfers and bedspace moves on nurses' workload is not known. Time studies are an established observational research method that can be used to determine the duration of time taken to perform an activity or process.This review systematically searched four databases for literature published between 2000 and 2013 for observational time study techniques and patient transfers as a nurse activity. Eleven publications from three countries were included in the review. All studies used timing techniques to explore nurse work associated with the transfer process.The review highlights the duration of time spent by nurses on certain aspects of the transfer process. However, as few studies published results from timings, the impact on nurse time is likely to be higher than indicated. Further research is recommended.
Evaluation of the Effect of Onlay Mesenteric Flaps on End‐To‐End Jejunojejunostomy Healing in Horses
Authors: Aristizabal Fabio A. , Lopes Marco Aurélio , Silva Adriana , Avanza Marcel Ferreira , Nieto Jorge E. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of onlay mesenteric flaps (MFs) with end‐to‐end jejunojejunostomy on stomal diameter, length of jejunum with reduced stomal diameter, abdominal adhesion formation, and healing.Study DesignExperimental study.AnimalsHealthy adult horses (n = 6).MethodsTwo hand sewn end‐to‐end jejunal anastomoses using a 1 layer simple continuous serosubmucosal suture pattern were performed in each horse ∼2 and 5 m oral to the ileocecal fold. Using a random design for selection anastomosis location (oral or aboral), 1 anastomosis was covered with 2 adjacent onlay MFs secured with interrupted sutures and cyanoacrylate glue. Two weeks later, adhesion formation, stomal diameter, length of reduced jejunal stomal diameter, and healing were evaluated.ResultsUse of onlay MFs decreased stomal diameter (P = .05), increased length of reduced peristomal jejunal diameter (P = .05), surgical time (P = .003), and serosal fibrosis (P = .05). No difference was evident for adhesion formation, and degree of inflammation between techniques.ConclusionEnd‐to‐end jejunojejunostomy covered with 2 onlay MFs is not recommended because this technique results in luminal reduction.
Ultrasound Assisted Arthroscopic Approach for Removal of Basilar Sesamoid Fragments of the Proximal Sesamoid Bones in Horses
Authors: Barrett Elizabeth J. , Rodgerson Dwayne H. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo describe an ultrasound assisted arthroscopic approach for removal of non‐articular basilar sesamoid fragments in Thoroughbred yearlings.AnimalsThoroughbred yearlings (n = 7).MethodsBasilar sesamoid fragments identified during pre‐sale radiographic examination were removed using a palmar/plantar arthroscopic approach to the fetlock joint and ultrasonographic guidance. Complete fragment removal was confirmed by ultrasonography and radiography.ResultsBasilar sesamoid fracture fragments were localized and removed successfully using rongeurs and a radiofrequency probe for soft tissue dissection of the fragment. Complete fragment removal was confirmed by ultrasonography and radiography. No intra‐ or postoperative complications occurred. At 6–8 months follow‐up, no fragments or bony proliferation at the base of the sesamoid was observed.ConclusionsUltrasonographic guidance can be used to facilitate localization, dissection, and confirmation of removal of basilar fragments of the proximal sesamoid bone.
Spermidine Enhances Waterlogging Tolerance via Regulation of Antioxidant Defence, Heat Shock Protein Expression and Plasma Membrane H+‐ATPase Activity in Zea mays
Authors: Liu M. Y. , Sun J. , Wang K. Y. , Liu D. , Li Z. Y. , Zhang J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPolyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous biogenic amines that play important roles in the environmental stress tolerance of crops. However, the relationship between PAs and plant waterlogging (WL) tolerance has received little attention. In this study, the protective effects of spermidine (Spd) against WL stress were investigated by Zea mays. WL treatment inhibited root growth and caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, membrane permeability and DNA damage in maize roots. Pre‐soaking seeds with Spd markedly alleviated these effects caused by WL. Spd pre‐soaking also significantly increased the endogenous Spd content in both control and waterlogged maize roots. In addition, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, CAT; glutathione reductase, GR; superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD) was enhanced in Spd‐pre‐soaked maize roots under WL stress. Thus, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide‐radical () accumulation were reduced. Spd treatment also enhances the expression and protein abundance of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and 90 during the period of WL stress. Furthermore, Spd pre‐soaking reversed the inhibition effect of WL on H+ efflux and K+ influx in maize roots. The PM H+‐ATPase activity in Spd‐pre‐treated seedlings exhibited less inhibitory under WL conditions. In conclusion, this study suggests that WL stress could be alleviated by priming seeds with Spd in maize species. This alleviative effect was partially attributable to (i) up‐regulated activity of antioxidant enzymes; (ii) maintained PM H+‐ATPase activity; and (iii) increased Hsp70 and Hsp90 gene expression and protein abundance.