bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic rendez-vous after damage control surgery in treatment of retroperitoneal abscess from perforated duodenal diverticulum: a techinal note and literature review
Authors: Barillaro Ivan , Grassi Veronica , De Sol Angelo , Renzi Claudio , Cochetti Giovanni , Barillaro Francesco , Corsi Alessia , Cacurri Alban , Petrina Adolfo , Cagini Lucio , Boselli Carlo , Cirocchi Roberto , Noya Giuseppe 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Introduction
The duodenum is the second seat of onset of diverticula after the colon. Duodenal diverticulosis is usually asymptomatic, but duodenal perforation with abscess may occur.

Case presentation
Woman, 83 years old, emergency hospitalised for generalized abdominal pain. On the abdominal tomography in the third portion of the duodenum a herniation and a concomitant full-thickness breach of the visceral wall was detected. The patient underwent emergency surgery. A surgical toilette of abscess was performed passing through the perforated diverticula and the Petzer’s tube drainage was placed in the duodenal lumen; the duodenostomic Petzer was endoscopically removed 4 months after the surgery.

Discussion
A review of medical literature was performed and our treatment has never been described.

Conclusion
For the treatment of perforated duodenal diverticula a sequential two-stage non resective approach is safe and feasible in selected cases.
Overcoming barriers and thresholds – signaling of oligomeric Aβ through the prion protein to Fyn
Authors: Wang Hansen , Ren Carl He , Gunawardana C Geeth , Schmitt-Ulms Gerold 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEvidence has been mounting for an involvement of the prion protein (PrP) in a molecular pathway assumed to play a critical role in the etiology of Alzheimer disease. A currently popular model sees oligomeric amyloid β (oAβ) peptides bind directly to PrP to emanate a signal that causes activation of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Fyn, an essential player in a cascade of events that ultimately leads to NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity and hyper-phosphorylation of tau. The model does not reveal, however, how extracellular binding of oAβ to PrP is communicated across the plasma membrane barrier to affect activation of Fyn. A scenario whereby PrP may adapt a transmembrane topology to affect Fyn activation in the absence of additional partners is currently not supported by evidence. A survey of known candidate PrP interactors leads to a small number of molecules that are known to acquire a transmembrane topology and understood to contribute to Fyn activation. Because multiple signaling pathways converge onto Fyn, a realistic model needs to take into account a reality of Fyn acting as a hub that integrates signals from multiple inhibitory and activating effectors. To clarify the role of PrP in oAβ-dependent excitotoxicity, future studies may need to incorporate experimental designs that can probe the contributions of Fyn modulator pathways and rely on analogous readouts, rather than threshold effects, known to underlie excitotoxic signaling.
Molecular Profiling Improves Classification and Prognostication of Nodal Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas: Results of a Phase III Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Piccaluga Pier Paolo , Fuligni Fabio , De Leo Antonio , Bertuzzi Clara , Rossi Maura , Bacci Francesco , Sabattini Elena , Agostinelli Claudio , Gazzola Anna , Laginestra Maria Antonella , Mannu Claudia , Sapienza Maria Rosaria , Hartmann Sylvia , Hansmann Martin L. , Piva Roberto , Iqbal Javeed , Chan John C. , Weisenburger Denis , Vose Julie M. , Bellei Monica , Federico Massimo , Inghirami Giorgio , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Pileri Stefano A. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose The differential diagnosis among the commonest peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs; ie, PTCL not otherwise specified [NOS], angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma [AITL], and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma [ALCL]) is difficult, with the morphologic and phenotypic features largely overlapping. We performed a phase III diagnostic accuracy study to test the ability of gene expression profiles (GEPs; index test) to identify PTCL subtype. Methods We studied 244 PTCLs, including 158 PTCLs NOS, 63 AITLs, and 23 ALK-negative ALCLs. The GEP-based classification method was established on a support vector machine algorithm, and the reference standard was an expert pathologic diagnosis according to WHO classification. Results First, we identified molecular signatures (molecular classifier [MC]) discriminating either AITL and ALK-negative ALCL from PTCL NOS in a training set. Of note, the MC was developed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples and validated in both FFPE and frozen tissues. Second, we found that the overall accuracy of the MC was remarkable: 98% to 77% for AITL and 98% to 93% for ALK-negative ALCL in test and validation sets of patient cases, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the MC significantly improved the prognostic stratification of patients with PTCL. Particularly, it enhanced the distinction of ALK-negative ALCL from PTCL NOS, especially from some CD30+ PTCL NOS with uncertain morphology. Finally, MC discriminated some T-follicular helper (Tfh) PTCL NOS from AITL, providing further evidence that a group of PTCLs NOS shares a Tfh derivation with but is distinct from AITL. Conclusion Our findings support the usage of an MC as additional tool in the diagnostic workup of nodal PTCL.
Phase III Trial of Sunitinib in Combination With Capecitabine Versus Capecitabine Monotherapy for the Treatment of Patients With Pretreated Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Crown John P. , Diéras Véronique , Staroslawska Elzbieta , Yardley Denise A. , Bachelot Thomas , Davidson Neville , Wildiers Hans , Fasching Peter A. , Capitain Olivier , Ramos Manuel , Greil Richard , Cognetti Francesco , Fountzilas George , Blasinska-Morawiec Maria , Liedtke Cornelia , Kreienberg Rolf , Miller Wilson H. , Tassell Vanessa , Huang Xin , Paolini Jolanda , Kern Kenneth A. , Romieu Gilles 
Published: July 2013

Purpose Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains an incurable illness in the majority of cases, despite major therapeutic advances. This may be related to the ability of breast tumors to induce neoangiogenesis, even in the face of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Sunitinib, an inhibitor of key molecules involved in neoangiogenesis, has an established role in the treatment of metastatic renal cell and other cancers and demonstrated activity in a phase II trial in MBC. We performed a randomized phase III trial comparing sunitinib plus capecitabine (2,000 mg/m2) with single-agent capecitabine (2,500 mg/m2) in patients with heavily pretreated MBC. Patients and Methods Eligibility criteria included MBC, prior therapy with anthracyclines and taxanes, one or two prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease or early relapse after a taxane plus anthracycline adjuvant regimen, and adequate organ function and performance status. The primary end point was progression-free survival, for which the study had 90% power to detect a 50% improvement (from 4 to 6 months). Results A total of 442 patients were randomly assigned. Progression-free survival was not significantly different between the treatment arms, with medians of 5.5 months (95% CI, 4.5 to 6.0) for the sunitinib plus capecitabine arm and 5.9 months (95% CI, 5.4 to 7.6) for the capecitabine monotherapy arm (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.58; one-sided P = .941). There were no significant differences in response rate or overall survival. Toxicity, except for hand-foot syndrome, was more severe in the combination arm. Conclusion The addition of sunitinib to capecitabine does not improve the clinical outcome of patients with MBC pretreated with anthracyclines and taxanes.
Prospective Study of Tailoring Whole-Body Dual-Modality [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography With Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA for Detecting Distant Metastasis in Endemic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma at Initial Staging
Authors: Tang Lin-Quan , Chen Qiu-Yan , Fan Wei , Liu Huai , Zhang Lu , Guo Ling , Luo Dong-Hua , Huang Pei-Yu , Zhang Xu , Lin Xiao-Ping , Mo Yun-Xian , Liu Li-Zhi , Mo Hao-Yuan , Li Jian , Zou Ru-Hai , Cao Yun , Xiang Yan-Qun , Qiu Fang , Sun Rui , Chen Ming-Yuan , Hua Yi-Jun , Lv Xing , Wang Lin , Zhao Chong , Guo Xiang , Cao Ka-Jia , Qian Chao-Nan , Zeng Mu-Sheng , Mai Hai-Qiang 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To evaluate which patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) obtained the greatest benefits from the detection of distant metastasis with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) combined with plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels. Patients and Methods Consecutive patients with NPC were prospectively enrolled. PET/CT, conventional work-up (CWU), and quantification of plasma EBV DNA were performed before treatment. The accuracy of these strategies for distant metastases was assessed. The costs of the diagnostic strategies were compared. Results Eighty-six (14.8%) of the 583 eligible patients were found to have distant metastases; 71 patients (82.6%) by PET/CT and 31 patients (36.0%) by CWU. In the multivariable analysis, advanced N stage (odds ratio, 2.689; 95% CI, 1.894 to 3.818) and pretreatment EBV DNA level (odds ratio, 3.344; 95% CI, 1.825 to 6.126) were significant risk factors for distant metastases. PET/CT was not superior to CWU for detecting distant metastases in very low–risk patients (N0-1 with EBV DNA < 4,000 copies/mL; P = .062), but was superior for the low-risk patients (N0-1 with EBV DNA ≥ 4,000 copies/mL and N2-3 with EBV DNA < 4,000 copies/mL; P = .039) and intermediate-risk patients (N2-3 disease with EBV DNA ≥ 4,000 copies/mL; P < .001). The corresponding patient management changes based on PET/CT were 2.9%, 6.3%, and 16.5%, respectively. The costs per true-positive case detected by PET/CT among these groups were ¥324,138 (≈$47,458), ¥96,907 (≈$14,188), and ¥34,182 (≈$5,005), respectively. Conclusion PET/CT detects more distant metastases than conventional staging in patients with NPC. The largest benefit in terms of cost and patient management was observed in the subgroup with N2-3 disease and EBV DNA ≥ 4,000 copies/mL.
Prospective Multicenter Study Evaluating the Survival of Patients With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Undergoing Laparoscopic Para-Aortic Lymphadenectomy Before Chemoradiotherapy in the Era of Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Authors: Gouy Sebastien , Morice Philippe , Narducci Fabrice , Uzan Catherine , Martinez Alejandra , Rey Annie , Bentivegna Enrica , Pautier Patricia , Deandreis Desiree , Querleu Denis , Haie-Meder Christine , Leblanc Eric 
Published: July 2013

Purpose The aim of this prospective study conducted in three French comprehensive cancer centers was to evaluate the therapeutic impact on survival of laparoscopic para-aortic (PA) staging surgery in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) before chemoradiotherapy. Patients and Methods We conducted a prospective multicenter study of 237 patients treated from 2004 to 2011 for LACC with negative positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the PA area and undergoing laparoscopic PA lymphadenectomy. Radiation fields were extended to the PA area when PA nodes were involved. Chemoradiotherapy modalities were homogeneous across institutions. Patients with a poor prognosis histologic subtype or peritoneal carcinosis were excluded. Results Patients had clinical International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages IB2 (n = 79), IIA (n = 10), IIB (n = 121), III (n = 22), or IVA (n = 5). One hundred ninety-nine patients had squamous carcinoma, and 38 had adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous lesions. Twenty-nine patients (12%) had nodal involvement (false-negative PET–computed tomography [CT] results)—16 with a PA nodal metastasis measuring more than 5 mm and 13 with a nodal metastasis measuring ≤ 5 mm. Event-free survival rates at 3 years in patients without PA involvement or with PA metastasis measuring ≤ or more than 5 mm were 74% (SE, 4%), 69% (SE, 21%), and 17% (SE, 14%; P < .001). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the largest series of patients reported undergoing such a strategy. We obtained the same survival rate for patients with PA nodal metastasis ≤ 5 mm and patients without PA lymph node involvement, suggesting that this strategy is highly efficient in such patients. Conversely, the survival of patients with PA nodal involvement greater than 5 mm remained poor, despite the absence of extrapelvic disease on PET-CT imaging in this subgroup.
Maintenance of empathy levels among first and final year medical students: a cross sectional study
Authors: Bangash Areeb Sohail , Ali Nisreen Feroz , Shehzad Abdul Haseeb , Haqqi Sobia 
Published: July 2013

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to quantifythe levels of empathy amongst medical students in the first year and final year of the medical curriculum at a medical university in Karachi, Pakistan.Methods:A cross-sectional study, comprising of participating students in their first year and final year of the medical curriculum at Ziauddin University Medical College, was carried out, using the Empathy Quotient (EQ) scale consisting of 60 questions through a self-administered questionnaire. The results were collected anonymously over a time period of six months from a sample of 171 participants.Results:According to our analysis, we found 82.67% of fifth year students and 80.21% of first years showing average or above average levels of empathy. Female mean scores were 42±9.60 while males were 38.7±9.358 (P=0.03). No association was found between empathy and age of the participants (p=0.77).Conclusion:We found no significant difference in the levels of empathy between the first and fifth year medical students. However, it was shown that females exhibited higher levels of empathy than males.
Jenseits des Westens?
Authors: Nolte Paul 
Published: July 2013

Vorspann
Alle reden von Demokratie - die Historiker nicht. Dabei ist der Bedarf nach historischer Einordnung riesengroß. Was hat es auf sich mit der oft beschworenen Krise der Demokratie in Deutschland? Sind die USA noch Vorbild oder folgen sie längst einem anderen Pfad als wir und die übrigen Europäer - einem Pfad voller Demokratiedevianz sogar? Was passiert in der arabischen Welt, in Indien und in Afrika? Klassische Demokratien gibt es dort nicht, die Entwicklung läuft auch nicht auf sie hinaus. Auf was aber dann? Paul Nolte, einer der einflussreichsten Historiker des Landes, appelliert an die Zunft, sich dieser brennenden Fragen anzunehmen und dabei die Zeitgeschichte der Demokratie als Globalgeschichte anzulegen.
Wiedergutmachung im 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Lehnstaedt Stephan 
Published: July 2013

Vorspann
Bei der Umsetzung des 2002 vom Bundestag einstimmig verabschiedeten so genannten Ghettorentengesetzes traten massive Probleme auf. Dass die meisten von Holocaust-Überlebenden gestellten Rentenanträge abgelehnt wurden, führte zu Nachfragen im Bundestag und Irritationen auf internationaler Ebene. Wie sich das zuständige Bundes- und das ebenfalls involvierte nordrhein-westfälische Arbeitsministerium hier positionierten, untersucht Stephan Lehnstaedt in seinem hoch aktuellen Beitrag. Er stützt sich dabei auf neueste Akten der beiden Ministerien, in die er auf der Grundlage des Informationsfreiheitsgesetzes Einblick erhalten konnte.
Der „Marsch für Gleichheit und gegen Rassismus“ von 1983
Authors: Garcia Marie-Carmen , Hajjat Abdellali , Mercader Patricia , Zancarini-Fournel Michelle 
Published: July 2013

Vorspann
Der „Marsch für die Gleichheit und gegen den Rassismus“ von 1983 ist in die französische Geschichte eingegangen. Er begann in Marseille und endete sechs Wochen später in Paris - und bildete den Höhepunkt der antirassistischen Mobilisierung jenseits des Rheins. Nie zuvor waren nordafrikanische, aus den ehemaligen Kolonien stammende Immigranten in der Öffentlichkeit so präsent gewesen. Mittlerweile ranken sich zahlreiche Legenden um dieses historische Ereignis, das zum Gründungsmythos anderer antirassistischer Organisationen und zum Fluchtpunkt des Jugendprotests geworden ist. Vier französische Gelehrte erinnern an den historischen Marsch und analysieren seinen umkämpften Stellenwert im kollektiven Gedächtnis.
Der „Fall Theodor Eschenburg“
Authors: Wengst Udo 
Published: July 2013

Vorspann
Theodor Eschenburg, imponierende Gründergestalt der Politikwissenschaft und zusammen mit Hans Rothfels erster Herausgeber dieser Zeitschrift, wird seit einiger Zeit wegen seiner Vergangenheit in der Weimarer Zeit und in der NS-Diktatur sowie wegen seines langen Schweigens danach kontrovers diskutiert. Die Debatte, die zunächst vor allem in der Deutschen Vereinigung für Politische Wissenschaft geführt wurde, hat nun auch die Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte erreicht. Udo Wengst, der an einer Biographie Eschenburgs arbeitet, verteidigt seinen Protagonisten: Trotz mancher Inkonsistenzen in seinem Verhalten nach 1945 lasse sich Eschenburg bereits seit der späten Weimarer Republik als Demokrat charakterisieren; die gegenwärtige Kritik an ihm sei überzogen und entspringe einem Mangel an Verständnis für seine schwierige Situation während der NS-Diktatur. Die Diskussion über Eschenburg geht weiter. Schon in der nächsten Ausgabe der Vierteljahrshefte nehmen Hans Woller und Jürgen Zarusky dazu Stellung.
The ONE Step Initiative: Quality Improvement in a Pediatric Clinic for Secondhand Smoke Reduction
Authors: Bunik Maya , Cavanaugh Keith L. , Herrick Diane , Mehner Lauren , Venugopalakrishnan Janani , Crane Lori A. , Puma Jini 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Although comprehensive smoking counseling to limit secondhand smoke (SHS) is widely endorsed, it is often not done. Published evaluations of brief and practical systems that improve screening and counseling to reduce SHS are limited. Our objective was to determine if a quality improvement activity around smoking counseling leads to changes in (1) medical assistant and pediatric provider assessment of smoking history and (2) smoking or other behaviors affecting children’s SHS exposure.METHODS:In a large urban teaching clinic we assessed the ONE Step intervention, which included the following: (1) “Ask” (medical assistant asking whether caregivers smoke); (2) “Advise” (providers advising smoking outside and quitting if ready); (3) “Refer” (providers referring to the Colorado telephone QuitLine); and (4) electronic medical record prompts and required documentation regarding smoking. Medical assistant and provider assessments of smoking were evaluated with a chart review by using a pre-/posttest design. Caregiver behavior change was evaluated with a time-series survey that included assessment at baseline and follow-up via telephone at 6 and 12 months from study entry.RESULTS:ONE Step was associated with a statistically significant increase in Ask, Advise, and Refer documentation. Caregiver surveys showed that 97% found discussions of SHS with providers acceptable. Six- and 12-month follow-ups, respectively, showed that 14% and 13% of smokers reported quitting and that 63% and 70% of current smokers reported reduced SHS exposure.CONCLUSIONS:ONE Step was feasible to deliver in a busy outpatient setting, acceptable to families, and appears to have resulted in decreased exposure to SHS in our pediatric population.
Results From the New Jersey Statewide Critical Congenital Heart Defects Screening Program
Authors: Garg Lorraine F. , Van Naarden Braun Kim , Knapp Mary M. , Anderson Terry M. , Koppel Robert I. , Hirsch Daniel , Beres Leslie M. , Sweatlock Joseph , Olney Richard S. , Glidewell Jill , Hinton Cynthia F. , Kemper Alex R. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
New Jersey was the first state to implement legislatively mandated newborn pulse oximetry screening (POxS) in all licensed birthing facilities to detect critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs). The objective of this report was to evaluate implementation of New Jersey’s statewide POxS mandate.

METHODS:
A 2-pronged approach was used to collect data on infants screened in all New Jersey birthing facilities from August 31, 2011, through May 31, 2012. Aggregate screening results were submitted by each birthing facility. Data on failed screens and clinical characteristics of those newborns were reported to the New Jersey Birth Defects Registry (NJBDR). Three indicators were used to distinguish the added value of mandated POxS from standard clinical care: prenatal congenital heart defect diagnosis, cardiology consultation or echocardiogram indicated or performed before PoxS, or clinical findings at the time of POxS warranting a pulse oximetry measurement.

RESULTS:
Of 75 324 live births in licensed New Jersey birthing facilities, 73 320 were eligible for screening, of which 99% were screened. Forty-nine infants with failed POxS were reported to the NJBDR, 30 of whom had diagnostic evaluations solely attributable to the mandated screening. Three of the 30 infants had previously unsuspected CCHDs and 17 had other diagnoses or non-CCHD echocardiogram findings.

CONCLUSIONS:
In the first 9 months after implementation, New Jersey achieved a high statewide screening rate and established surveillance mechanisms to evaluate the unique contribution of POxS. The screening mandate identified 3 infants with previously unsuspected CCHDs that otherwise might have resulted in significant morbidity and mortality and also identified other significant secondary targets such as sepsis and pneumonia.
Lithium - the Metal of the Future?
Authors: Kunasz Ihor A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe second half of the twentieth century saw a dramatic shift in lithium chemicals production from traditional pegmatite sources to brines. Today, the bulk of lithium carbonate, which serves as the raw material for various downstream lithium chemicals, including lithium metal for the lithium batteries, is produced from the brines of the Salar de Atacama, Chile, the Salar del Hombre Muerto, Argentina and Clayton Valley Nevada, U.S.A. There is minor production in Tibet and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Australian spodumene concentrates are converted to lithium carbonate in the PRC.The resurgence in the potential development of electric cars has resulted in the increased exploration for and identification of potential new lithium brine operations and the reassessment of some pegmatite deposits.A number of predictions for a potentially large electric car market scenario have raised questions on the availability of sufficient lithium resources. However, since the original 1976 report on global lithium resources by the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering, newly identified deposits have almost quadrupled the total potentially available lithium resources. Based on the best predictions, the lithium supply is more than adequate to meet the demand for electric cars well into the 21st century.
Ultra-low Voltage, Self-aligned OTFTs for Frequency Applications
Authors: Lai Stefano , Cosseddu Piero , Gazzadi Gian Carlo , Martines Giovanni , Bonfiglio Annalisa , Barbaro Massimo 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTA novel structure for Organic Thin-Film Transistor (OTFT) is here presented. The devices are fabricated using a one-mask, photolithographic self-alignment technique which can be performed with standard photoresists and without further chemical treatments. This technique, combined with a novel technology for the realization of low voltage OTFTs, allows a dramatic reduction of the parasitic capacitances thus leading to a remarkable cut-off frequency. In this paper, the main electrical parameters of low voltage, self-aligned devices are reported, and a complete frequency characterization of the devices is given. These characteristics make the reported approach suitable for the development of basic circuitries for frequency applications.