bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From guidelines to standards of care for open tibial fractures
Authors: Trickett RW , Rahman S , Page P , Pallister I 
Published: August 2015

Introduction The standards for the management of open fractures of the lower limb published by the British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgeons (BAPRAS) and British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) were introduced to improve the treatment received by patients after open injury to the lower limb. These Standards were released after BAPRAS/BOA published Guidelines for the management of open tibial fractures. Methods We wished to determine the impact of these Standards upon the surgical management of open tibial fractures by comparing patients admitted to an orthoplastic centre in the 45 months concluding December 2009 (the Guidelines era) with those admitted during 2011 (the Standards era). Surgical procedures required during the first 30 days and 12 months after injury were determined. Cases were divided into ‘directly admitted patients’ (DAP) and ‘transferred patients’ (TP). Standards-era patients were divided further into those who had surgery exclusively at the orthoplastic centre (orthoplastic patients (OPP)) and those transferred after surgery (TASP). Results The number of TP trebled in frequency in the Standards era, 25% of whom were transferred before surgery. Significantly fewer surgical procedures were required for DAP and OPP groups compared with TP (and TASP) groups in both eras (Mann–Whitney U-test, p=0.05). DAP and OPP groups during the Standards era underwent the fewest procedures, with the vast majority of cases treated with two or fewer procedures in the first 12 months (88% and 80%, respectively, compared with 61% in the Guidelines era). In the Guidelines era, 44% of TP cases and in the Standards era 39% of TP and 29% of TASP groups underwent two or fewer procedures. Approximately two-thirds of open tibial fractures managed in our orthoplastic centre were patients transferred after surgery. The greatest impact of the Standards was evident for those who underwent surgery exclusively in the orthoplastic centre, reflecting a more deliberate combined strategy. Conclusion These findings vindicate the Standards as well as mandating reorganisation and resourcing of orthoplastic services to ensure immediate transfer and early combined surgery. By increasing the capacity to deal with time-dependent initial surgery, the surgical burden that the patient must endure, and which the service must provide, are reduced.
PROGRAMAS DE SUSTENTABILIDADE NA GESTÃO DAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Carniatto Irene , Hennrich Junior Elio Jacob , Mota Jaqueline Grasiele de Oliveira 
Published: August 2015

<p>As instituições de Ensino Superior são, por princípio, geradoras de conhecimentos, formadoras de profissionais e cidadãos para todas as comunidades. Em tempo da maior crise ambiental de nossa era, as universidades e as faculdades têm formado profissionais e cidadãos conscientes e preparados para compreender, gerir e apresentar soluções para esta crise socioambiental que vivemos? Neste artigo são apresentados os dados da pesquisa desenvolvida na Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Paraná, uma pesquisa internacional denominada Projeto RISU - “<em>Definición de indicadores y evaluación de los compromisos con la sostenibilidad en Universidades Latinoamericanas”</em>. O estudo demonstrou que a universidade apresenta uma grande inserção social em sua região e desenvolve mais de uma centena de projetos sobre sustentabilidade, educação ambiental e meio ambiente, mas ainda não possui uma política integrada em seu plano estratégico ou de desenvolvimento institucional, necessitando reestruturar as políticas articuladas pelos eixos sustentabilidade, educação ambiental e meio ambiente. </p>
Phytoremediation of phenol using Polygonum orientale and its antioxidative response
Authors: Wang Kai , Cai Jin , Xie Shulian , Feng Jia , Wang Ting 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPolygonum orientale with beautiful red flowers can be found as one dominant species in the vicinity of most water bodies and wetlands in China. However, its phytoremediation potential has not been sufficiently explored because little is known about its resistance to inorganic or organic pollutants. We investigated P. orientale response to low and moderate levels of phenol stress (≤ 80 mg L-1). Endpoints included phenol tolerance of P. orientale and the removal of the pollutant, antioxidant enzyme activities, damage to the cell membrane, osmotic regulators and photosynthetic pigments. In plant leaves, phenol stress significantly increased the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), as well as the contents of proline, soluble sugars and carotenoids, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), H2O2and electrolyte leakage (EL) levels remained unaltered. On the other hand, there were significant decreases of soluble protein and chlorophyll contents. We demonstrated that, in combination with phenol tolerance and its removal, P. orientale has efficient protection mechanisms against phenol-induced oxidative damage (≤ 80 mg L-1). We propose that P. orientale could be used as an alternative and interesting material in the phytoremediation of phenol.
ADM1-based modeling of anaerobic codigestion of maize silage and cattle manure – a feedstock characterisation for model implementation (part I) / Modelowanie kofermentacji kiszonki kukurydzy i obornika bydlęcego za pomocą ADM1 – charakterystyka wsadu surowcowego (część I)
Authors: Klimiuk Ewa , Gusiatin Zygmunt Mariusz ,   Bułkowska, Pokój Tomasz , Rynkowska Sabina 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the results of fractionation of particulate and soluble organic matter in a mixture of maize silage and cattle manure (49:51% volatile solids) that was used as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The extended Weender’s analysis was adapted to measure raw protein, raw lipids, fraction of carbohydrates (including starch, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and lignin. The content of individual fractions in composite, Xc (as kg COD kg-1 COD) was: 0.111 proteins, 0.048 lipids, 0.500 carbohydrates and 0.341 inerts. The biodegradability of Xc was 68%. Based on material balance, the carbon concentration in Xc was 0.0326 kmol C kg-1 COD, whereas nitrogen concentration 0.0018 kmol N kg-1 COD. The estimated pH of the feedstock based on acid-base equilibrium corresponded to the actual value (pH 7.14).
ADM1-based modeling of anaerobic codigestion of maize silage and cattle manure – calibration of parameters and model verification (part II) / Modelowanie kofermentacji kiszonki kukurydzy i obornika bydlęcego za pomocą ADM1 – kalibracja i weryfikacja modelu (część II)
Authors: Bułkowska Katarzyna , Białobrzewski Ireneusz , Gusiatin Zygmunt Mariusz , Klimiuk Ewa , Pokój Tomasz 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to implement ADM1xp model to simulate behavior of anaerobic co-digestion of maize silage and cattle manure. The accuracy of ADM1xp has been assessed against experimental data of anaerobic digestion, performed at OLR = 2.1 gVS dm-3·d-1and HRT = 45d. Due to the high number of parameters in ADM1xp, it was necessary to develop a customized procedure limiting the range of parameters to be estimated. The best fitting of experimental to simulated data was obtained after verification of 9 among 105 stoichiometric and kinetic parameters. The values of objective function (Jc) ranged between 0.003 (for valerate) and 211 (for biogas production).
The pyrolysis and gasification of digestate from agricultural biogas plant / Piroliza i gazyfikacja pofermentu z biogazowni rolniczych
Authors: Wiśniewski Dariusz , Gołaszewski Janusz , Białowiec Andrzej 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAnaerobic digestion residue represents a nutrient rich resource which, if applied back on land, can reduce the use of mineral fertilizers and improve soil fertility. However, dewatering and further thermal processing of digestate may be recommended in certain situations. Limited applicability of digestate as fertilizer may appear, especially in winter, during the vegetation period or in areas where advanced eutrophication of arable land and water bodies is developing. The use of digestate may be also governed by different laws depending on whether it is treated as fertilizer, sewage sludge or waste. The aim of this paper is to present the effects of thermal treatment of solid fraction of digestate by drying followed by pyrolysis and gasification. Pyrolysis was carried out at the temperature of about 500°C. During this process the composition of flammable gases was checked and their calorific value was assessed. Then, a comparative analysis of energy parameters of the digestate and the carbonizate was performed. Gasification of digestate was carried out at the temperature of about 850°C with use of CO2as the gasifi cation agent. Gasification produced gas with higher calorific value than pyrolysis, but carbonizate from pyrolysis had good properties to be used as a solid fuel
Modeling of the Tension and Compression Behavior of Sintered 316L Using Micro Computed Tomography
Authors: Doroszko Michał , Seweryn Andrzej 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper describes the method of numerical modeling of the tension and compression behavior of sintered 316L. In order to take into account the shape of the mesostructures of materials in the numerical modeling, X-ray microtomography was used. Based on the micro-CT images, three-dimensional geometrical models mapped shapes of the porosity were generated. To the numerical calculations was used finite element method. Based on the received stress and strain fields was described the mechanism of deformation of the materials until fracture. The influence of material discontinuities at the mesoscopic scale on macromechanical properties of the porous materials was investigated.
Accuracy Assessment for Cad Modeling of Freeform Surface Described by Equation
Authors: Golba Grzegorz 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the results of comparative analysis of modeling accuracy the freeform surface constructed by using a variety of algorithms for surface modeling. Also determined the accuracy of mapping the theoretical freeform surface described by mathematical equation. To model surface objects used: SolidWorks 2012, CATIA v5 and Geomagic Studio 12. During the design process of CAD models were used: profile curves, fitting parametric surface and polygonal mesh. To assess the accuracy of the CAD models used Geomagic Qualify 12. On the basis of analyse defined the scope of application of each modeling techniques depending on the nature of the constructed object.
Limit sets of Teichmüller geodesics with minimal non-uniquely ergodic vertical foliation
Authors: Leininger Christopher , Lenzhen Anna , Rafi Kasra 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We describe a method for constructing Teichmüller geodesics where
the vertical foliation ν is minimal but is not
uniquely ergodic and where we have a good understanding
of the behavior of the Teichmüller geodesic. The construction depends
on various parameters, and we show that
one can adjust the parameters to ensure
that the set of accumulation points of such a geodesic in the
Thurston boundary is exactly the projective 1-simplex of all projective measured
foliations that are topologically equivalent to ν. With further adjustment
of the parameters, one can further assume that the transverse measure is an ergodic measure on the non-uniquely ergodic foliation ν.
Local zero estimates and effective division in rings of algebraic power series
Authors: Rond Guillaume 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We give a necessary condition for algebraicity of finite modules over the ring of formal power series. This condition is given in terms of local zero estimates. In fact, we show that this condition is also sufficient when the module is a ring with some additional properties. To prove this result we show an effective Weierstrass Division Theorem and an effective solution to the Ideal Membership Problem in rings of algebraic power series. Finally, we apply these results to prove a gap theorem for power series which are remainders of the Grauert–Hironaka–Galligo Division Theorem.
Repositioning English and multilingualism in English as a Lingua Franca
Authors: Jenkins Jennifer 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

In the relatively few years since empirical research into English as a Lingua Franca began being conducted more widely, the field has developed and expanded remarkably, and in myriad ways. In particular, researchers have explored ELF from the perspective of a range of linguistic levels and in an ever-increasing number of sociolinguistic contexts, as well as its synergies with the field of Intercultural Communication and its meaning for the fields of Second Language Acquisition and English as a Foreign Language. The original orientation to ELF communication focused heavily, if not exclusively, on form. In light of increasing empirical evidence, this gave way some years later to an understanding that it is the processes underlying these forms that are paramount, and hence to a focus on ELF users and ELF as social practice. It is argued in this article, however, that ELF is in need of further retheorisation in respect of its essentially multilingual nature: a nature that has always been present in ELF theory and empirical work, but which, I believe, has not so far been sufficiently foregrounded. This article therefore attempts to redress the balance by taking ELF theorisation a small step further in its evolution.
Flexary Operations
Authors: Pąk Karol 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this article we introduce necessary notation and definitions to prove the Euler’s Partition Theorem according to H.S. Wilf’s lecture notes [31]. Our aim is to create an environment which allows to formalize the theorem in a way that is as similar as possible to the original informal proof.
Euler’s Partition Theorem is listed as item #45 from the “Formalizing 100 Theorems” list maintained by Freek Wiedijk at http://www.cs.ru.nl/F.Wiedijk/100/ [30].
Groups – Additive Notation
Authors: Coghetto Roland 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We translate the articles covering group theory already available in the Mizar Mathematical Library from multiplicative into additive notation. We adapt the works of Wojciech A. Trybulec [41, 42, 43] and Artur Korniłowicz [25].
In particular, these authors have defined the notions of group, abelian group, power of an element of a group, order of a group and order of an element, subgroup, coset of a subgroup, index of a subgroup, conjugation, normal subgroup, topological group, dense subset and basis of a topological group. Lagrange’s theorem and some other theorems concerning these notions [9, 24, 22] are presented.
Note that “The term ℤ-module is simply another name for an additive abelian group” [27]. We take an approach different than that used by Futa et al. [21] to use in a future article the results obtained by Artur Korniłowicz [25]. Indeed, Hölzl et al. showed that it was possible to build “a generic theory of limits based on filters” in Isabelle/HOL [23, 10]. Our goal is to define the convergence of a sequence and the convergence of a series in an abelian topological group [11] using the notion of filters.
A review on the molecular characterization of digenean parasites using molecular markers with special reference to ITS region
Authors: Choudhary K. , Verma A. Kumar , Swaroop S. , Agrawal N. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The rDNA region of eukaryotes has the immense potential to resolve the evolutionary and phylogeny problems using molecular markers. As evident from the present review, ITS region data is considered for interpretation of inter and intra-specific variations of 136 studies of 33 families including 78 genus and 114 species affecting individuals worldwide. Along with ITS-1 and ITS-2 region in 29 studies 18S region, in 38 studies 28S region and in 43 studies mitochondrial genes (COI and NDI) were also analyzed. Three new genera (Allobilharzia gen. nov., Caulanus gen. nov., and Latuterus gen. nov.) and 49 new species were discovered. Only 47 studies expressed variations at intra-specific and inter-specific level in complete ITS region, ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA sequences due to differences in nucleotide positions. According to the findings ITS region is more reliable and precise marker for demarcation and identification of species in combination of other DNA markers. Major studies were involved around the parasites of families Fasciolidae, Schistosomatidae, Opisthorchidae, Paragonimidae and Paramphistomidae, Clinostomidae, Diplostomidae, Haploporidae, among others infecting humans, farm animals, birds, fishes, reptiles and amphibians on the clinical basis. In future, molecular and bioinformatics aspects based on genetic variations will lead to explore the untouched areas of trematodes.
Intestinal parasitic fauna and zoonotic potentials of commonly consumed wildlife
Authors: Okoye I. C. , Ozioko K. U. , Obiezue N. R. , Ikele B. C. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A study was carried out in Nsukka cultural zone, Nigeria, with the aim of determining the prevalence, intensity and abundance of intestinal endoparasitic fauna of commonly consumed wildlife or bushmeat. From the 143 wild animals sampled, 141 (98.6 %) were found at least infected with one intestinal parasite. Ascaris lumbricoides was the overall most prevalent (48.8 %). Dicrocoelium hospes differed significantly in age-related prevalence of infection. Significant sex-related difference in infection (P<0.05) was recorded for Strongyloides papillosus, A. lumbricoides, Oesophagostomum columbianum and Moniliformis moniliformis while Taenia saginata and Entamoeba histolytica showed significant seasonal differences in intensity of infection. The results suggest that bush-meats were hosts of various parasites of medical and veterinary importance. There is need for health inspection of bush-meat for trade and consumption.
Helminths of saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica L.) in the “Askania Nova” Biosphere Reserve, Ukraine
Authors: Zvegintsova N. S. , Treus M. Yu. , Kuzmina T. A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Analysis of the species composition and community structure of helminths in saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) was performed using multi-year (1979-2013) data collected from the “Askania Nova” Biosphere Reserve, Ukraine. During this period, 31 saiga antelopes of different ages (7 calves, 24 adults) were examined; totally, more then 63,900 helminth specimens were collected and identified by morphological criteria. Levels of saiga infection by nematodes were from 39 to 671 EPG (207±132 SD); seasonal fluctuations in saiga infections were insignificant (Mann-Whitney test; p>0.05).
Nineteen helminth species were found in saigas in the “Askania Nova”: 3 species of Cestoda (Avitellina centripunctata, Moniezia expansa and Taenia hydatigena) and 16 species of Nematoda (Chabertia ovina, Haemonchus contortus, Marshallagia marshalli, Cooperia oncophora, Camelostrongylus mentulatus, Aonchotheca bovis, Skrjabinema ovis, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. probolorus, Ostertagia ostertagi, O. circumcincta, O. trifurcata, Nematodirus spp., Trichurus ovis). From 2 to 13 species per one host were observed. Nematodes dominated within the parasite community and composed more then 99 % of the total helminths found. Significant differences were found in helminth diversity between young and adult saigas (p<0.05). Prevalence- frequency distribution revealed multimodal structure of helminth community with dominant, subdominant, background and rare species. The highest number of helminthes (14 species and 50 % of the total amount) inhabited the small intestine; 11 species (45 %) were found in the abomasum and 9 species (5 %) in the large intestine. The Bray-Curtis cluster analysis revealed significant differences within the helminth communities in saigas from the “Askania Nova” Biosphere Reserve and saigas from Kazakhstan, Dagestan and Kalmykia.
Different changes of soil nematode communities in replant and continuous-planting peach orchards and their indicative value for peach replant problem
Authors: Li X. Y. , Liu Q. Z. , Wang Y. Z. , Sun H. Y. , Bai C. Q. , Lewis E. E. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Long-term changes of soil nematode diversity and distribution patterns in replant peach orchard (RPO) and continuous-planting peach orchard (CPPO) were assessed to evaluate different effects on nematode community and function by RPO and CPPO, in relation to peach replant problem from the point of soil fauna. Observations were conducted on a silt loam soil, and soil sampling was performed four times through the growing season of peach trees in the period from 2006 to 2008 in Pinggu, Beijing. The result showed that RPO differed from CPPO by its higher abundance of plant feeding nematodes but lower abundance of bacterivore nematodes, as well as significantly higher values of plant parasite index but lower nematode biodiversity. Obviously, the absolute abundance of Paratylenchus in RPO was higher than that in CPPO, which could be a key factor for the peach replant problems from the part of soil nematode. Nematode function indices and weighted nematode fauna profile analysis were no significantly different in the two peach ecosystems, but they represented an indication of high disturbance, N-enriched, bacterial decomposition pathway.
Characterization of Pratylenchus crenatus and P. neglectus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) associated with wheat crop
Authors: Kumari S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The distribution of Pratylenchus species associated with wheat crops was investigated in Bohemian region of the Czech Republic. In total twelve localities were sampled. The populations were identified based on morphology and morphometrics, and further characterised based on sequences of the rDNA D2/D3 region and 18S gene. Pratylenchus crenatus was present in two localities and P. neglectus in five localities. At one locality both species were detected. Sequence analysis of 18S and D2/D3 region of three populations of P. crenatus reveal no variation while five populations of P. neglectus differ by 0 to 0.14 % (18S) and 0.17 to 0.50 % (D2/D3).
The pathogenic Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 (Cestoda) in the Red discus (Symphysodon discus)
Authors: Košuthová L. , Šmiga Ľ. , Oros M. , Barčák D. , Košuth P. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934, was detected for the first time in breeding of discus fish Symphysodon discus (Perciformes, Cichlidae), a popular South American cichlid. In examined samples, the adult and juvenile cestodes of B. acheilognathi with mean intensity of infection 30 (range 19 - 47) individuals per fish were found. The infected fish displayed acute behavioral symptoms. Mortality was significant; it reached almost 80 % in youngest age categories. As treatment, praziquantel immersions in dose 2 mg per liter were well tolerated and efficacious. The risk of spreading pathogens via imported fish is actual menace for ornamental breeding fish, therefore, thorough quarantine and prophylactic measures needs to be done by all fish imports and introductions. Import and subsequent release of infected ornamental fish into freshwater ecosystems may represent serious risk for spread and establishment of the parasite in native fish species. This case study illustrates that ornamental fish play also a key role in national and international movements of parasites in freshwater habitats.