bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational benefits of fusing magnetic resonance imaging with sonograms
Authors: Vollman Andrew , Hulen Rachel , Dulchavsky Scott , Pinchcofsky Howard , Amponsah David , Jacobsen Gordon , Dulchavsky Alexandria , van Holsbeeck Marnix 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate whether providing sonographic (US)/MRI fusion images will enhance the ability of medical students and radiology residents to identify MSK anatomy on sonograms alone.MethodsMedical students (n = 31) and radiology residents (n = 23) were each randomly divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Subjects in Group A were shown 10 MSK sonograms with arrows pointing to a specific anatomic structure or anatomic region. Subjects in Group B were shown the exact same 10 annotated sonograms as Group A as well as an additional fusion image consisting of an MRI of the same anatomy in the same plane fused with the sonogram without arrows. Sonograms and MRI were obtained from adult patients who consented to have their images used. The anatomic regions included the shoulder, hip, and pelvis. Both groups were given the same 10‐question multiple choice examination to identify the anatomic structure that the arrow was marking on the sonogram. The transducer's location was given for every question. One minute was allowed to answer each question. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to assess if there was a difference between Group A and Group B in both the medical student and the radiology resident cohorts.ResultsMedical students: subjects in Group A (n = 16) gave the correct answers in 33.8% of the cases (54/160). Subjects in Group B (n = 15) gave correct answers in 26.0% of the cases (39/150) (p value <0.110). Radiology residents: subjects in Group A (n = 11) gave correct answers in 40.9% of the cases (45/110). Subjects in Group B (n = 12) gave correct answers in 72.5% of the cases (87/120) (p value <0.001).ConclusionThe addition of a fusion MRI/US image enhances radiology residents' ability to identify MSK US anatomy accurately compared with the sonogram alone. The medical students, however, did not show improvement with the addition of the fusion MRI/sonogram. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:257–263, 2014
Aesthetic outcomes in women undergoing breast‐conserving therapy followed by mastectomy and microsurgical reconstruction
Authors: Khansa Ibrahim , Boehmler James H. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundIn women with early‐stage breast cancer, breast‐conserving therapy (BCT) provides comparable survival to mastectomy. BCT has the advantage of preserving most of the breast, its skin envelope and the nipple–areola complex. However, deformity may result from the excision of significant amounts of breast tissue, as well as radiation therapy. Several studies have compared patients who underwent BCT to different patients who underwent mastectomy and reconstruction, and found superior aesthetic outcomes in the latter group. Our goal in this study was to compare the aesthetic outcomes in the same women who underwent BCT followed by mastectomy and reconstruction.MethodsBetween 2007 and 2012, 42 women with a history of BCT developed cancer recurrence and underwent mastectomy and microsurgical breast reconstruction at our institution. Photographs before and after mastectomy and reconstruction were rated by a panel of nine judges (two independent plastic surgeons, three surgical oncologists, one radiation oncologist, one medical oncologist, and two medical students), using a validated scaleResultsOverall, patients received a significantly higher aesthetic score after mastectomy and reconstruction than after BCT. The greatest areas of aesthetic improvement were breast volume, contour, and projection. Patients whose lumpectomy was in the lower inner quadrant, those undergoing bilateral mastectomy and reconstruction and those completing all stages of their reconstruction had the greatest aesthetic improvementConclusionsWhen advising patients with early‐stage breast cancer, the superior aesthetic outcome of mastectomy and microsurgical reconstruction compared to BCT must be weighed against disadvantages such as loss of sensation, length of surgery, and donor‐site morbidity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:21–28, 2015.
Modeling and correction of bolus dispersion effects in dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI
Authors: Mehndiratta Amit , Calamante Fernando , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Crane David E. , Payne Stephen J. , Chappell Michael A. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeBolus dispersion in DSC‐MRI can lead to errors in cerebral blood flow (CBF) estimation by up to 70% when using singular value decomposition analysis. However, it might be possible to correct for dispersion using two alternative methods: the vascular model (VM) and control point interpolation (CPI). Additionally, these approaches potentially provide a means to quantify the microvascular residue function.MethodsVM and CPI were extended to correct for dispersion by means of a vascular transport function. Simulations were performed at multiple dispersion levels and an in vivo analysis was performed on a healthy subject and two patients with carotid atherosclerotic disease.ResultsSimulations showed that methods that could not address dispersion tended to underestimate CBF (ratio in CBF estimation, CBFratio = 0.57–0.77) in the presence of dispersion; whereas modified CPI showed the best performance at low‐to‐medium dispersion; CBFratio = 0.99 and 0.81, respectively. The in vivo data showed trends in CBF estimation and residue function that were consistent with the predictions from simulations.ConclusionIn patients with atherosclerotic disease the estimated residue function showed considerable differences in the ipsilateral hemisphere. These differences could partly be attributed to dispersive effects arising from the stenosis when dispersion corrected CPI was used. It is thus beneficial to correct for dispersion in perfusion analysis using this method. Magn Reson Med 72:1762–1774, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safely assessing radiofrequency heating potential of conductive devices using image‐based current measurements
Authors: Griffin Gregory H. , Anderson Kevan J.T. , Celik Haydar , Wright Graham A. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeMany procedures involving catheters and implanted medical devices could benefit from MRI guidance but are currently contraindicated due to risk of significant heating near linear conductive structures. A priori safety prediction is impossible in vivo and thus, safety is typically investigated in vitro by directly measuring temperature rise. Existing methods of investigating safety are inflexible and provide few data. Furthermore, they are fundamentally limited because dangerous temperatures rises can only be investigated if induced. A method of remotely predicting safety is necessary for ensuring safety in patients.Theory and MethodsElectric current induced on the metallic object causes any dangerous heating; thus a remote method of safely characterizing the induced radiofrequency (RF) current distribution would suffice to evaluate safety assuming conservative estimates for local tissue properties. Here we propose a method of analyzing induced phase artifacts seen in low‐specific absorption rate characterization images, to determine induced current on an interventional device. This induced current distribution can then be used to predict RF heating behavior under application of any other imaging sequence.ResultsThis method has been successfully used to reproduce numerical simulations in a phantom. Furthermore, the heating behavior around a conductive wire produced by a scan other than that used to characterize current was successfully predicted.ConclusionIt has been shown in phantom experiments that remote current characterization can safely prevent dangerous scans as well as enable safe scans that previously would not have been attempted. Magn Reson Med 73:427–441, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testing of DNT and TNT by the Mini‐Autoclave Method
Authors: Knorr Annett , Krebs Holger 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAutoclave methods are commonly used when pressure progress under thermal stress is of interest. One of them is the mini‐autoclave method by Kühner AG. To test the robustness of the equipment under powerful exposure, two known high energetic materials, DNT and TNT, were investigated. The sample mass was increased stepwise in the range from 0.25 g to 1.0 g. For one test (1 g TNT), gas burners instead of the usually employed 2‐zone heating block, were used to intensify the test conditions. Results showed the expected slower pressure generation of DNT in comparison to TNT. The mechanical robustness of the apparatus could be approved in all runs. Pressure data were used to calculate the energy release of decomposition. The values were in good agreement with the heat of decomposition, estimated by DSC.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis RpfE crystal structure reveals a positively charged catalytic cleft
Authors: Mavrici Daniela , Prigozhin Daniil M. , Alber Tom 
Published: January 2014

AbstractResuscitation promoting factor (Rpf) proteins, which hydrolyze the sugar chains in cell‐wall peptidoglycan (PG), play key roles in prokaryotic cell elongation, division, and escape from dormancy to vegetative growth. Like other bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) expresses multiple Rpfs, none of which is individually essential. This redundancy has left unclear the distinct functions of the different Rpfs. To explore the distinguishing characteristics of the five Mtb Rpfs, we determined the crystal structure of the RpfE catalytic domain. The protein adopts the characteristic Rpf fold, but the catalytic cleft is narrower compared to Mtb RpfB. Also in contrast to RpfB, in which the substrate‐binding surfaces are negatively charged, the corresponding RpfE catalytic pocket and predicted peptide‐binding sites are more positively charged at neutral pH. The complete reversal of the electrostatic potential of the substrate‐binding site suggests that the different Rpfs function optimally at different pHs or most efficiently hydrolyze different micro‐domains of PG. These studies provide insights into the molecular determinants of the evolution of functional specialization in Rpfs.
The intracellular carboxyl terminal domain of Vangl proteins contains plasma membrane targeting signals
Authors: Iliescu Alexandra , Gros Philippe 
Published: January 2014

AbstractVangl1 and Vangl2 are integral membrane proteins that play a critical role in establishing planar cell polarity (PCP) in epithelial cells and are required for convergent extension (CE) movements during embryogenesis. Their proper targeting to the plasma membrane (PM) is required for function. We created discrete deletions at the amino and carboxy termini of Vangl1 and monitored the effect of the mutations on PM targeting in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells. Our results show that the Vangl1 amino terminus lacks PM targeting determinants, and these are restricted to the carboxy terminus, including the predicted PDZBM motif at the C‐terminus.
Evaluation of an InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMT with Ta‐based ohmic contacts and PECVD SiN passivation
Authors: Malmros Anna , Gamarra Piero , Thorsell Mattias , Forte‐Poisson Marie‐Antoinette di , Lacam Cedric , Tordjman Maurice , Aubry Raphaël , Zirath Herbert , Rorsman Niklas 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMT with Au‐free Ta‐based ohmic contacts and a high‐quality PECVD SiN pas‐sivation is reported. The ohmic contacts were annealed at 550 °C, resulting in a contact resistance of 0.64 Ωmm. The gate length was 50 nm. The device performance and the process were evaluated by performing DC‐, pulsed IV‐, RF‐, and load‐pull measurements. It was observed that current slump was effectively mitigated by the passivation layer. The DC channel current density increased by 71 % to 1170 mA/mm at the knee of the IV curve, and the transconductance increased from 382 to 477 mS/mm after passivation. At the same time the gate leakage increased, and the extrinsic fmax decreased from 207 to 140 GHz. Output powers of 4.1 and 3.5 W/mm were measured after passivation at 31 and 40 GHz, respectively. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Assessment of factors limiting conversion efficiency of single‐junction III‐nitride solar cells
Authors: Bulashevich Kirill A. , Karpov Sergey Yu. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUsing simulations, we have identify the major factors controlling the conversion efficiency of single‐junction n‐GaN/i‐InxGa1‐xN/p‐GaN solar cells, including absorptivity of solar radiation, heterostructure polarity, composition of the InGaN active layer, and non‐radiative life‐times of generated electrons and holes. The interplay of these factors, their hierarchy, and the possible effect of stress relaxation in InGaN on the conversion efficiency are discussed in terms of modeling. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transparency as a Precondition of Systemic Behavior: the Case of European Retailing Banks Regarding Social Responsibility Communication
Authors: Pejić Bach Mirjana , Ante Omazić Mislav , Zoroja Jovana 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSocial responsibility (SR) informally promotes systemic behavior by concepts of interdependence and holism in ISO 26000. SR principles demand transparency including communication of SR covered in company communications with its public. Banks are found problematic in transparency world‐wide but are active regarding SR communication, which is especially important because banks critically impact society and its economic development. The banks' role in developing and underdeveloped countries is especially important because of their impact on countries' development, which increases the importance of their SR. Often, banks in these countries are subsidiaries of the large international banks. This article compares SR websites communication of large European multinational banks in their parent and subsidiary countries; content analysis is applied. Results implicate that banks in subsidiary countries have a significantly lower level of SR communication than the parent countries, and the difference tends to be higher in less developed countries. This endangers banks' systemic behavior and the international economy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carboxylic Acid Free Novel Isocyanide‐Based Reactions
Authors: Soeta Takahiro , Ukaji Yutaka 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn order to develop a practical method for the construction of drug‐like and heterocyclic compounds, we have designed a novel Passerini‐ or Ugi‐type reaction system where a compound (which we write in the general form as Z–X) composed of an electrophilic (Z) and a nucleophilic group (X) could essentially perform the same function as the carboxylic acid. Based on this concept, we have developed the O‐silylative Passerini reaction and the borinic acid catalyzed α‐addition of isocyanides to aldehydes and water. In addition, we have designed and demonstrated the addition reaction of isocyanides to nitrones in the presence of TMSCl to afford the corresponding 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐1‐carboxyamides. Furthermore, a novel [5 + 1] cycloaddition of isocyanide was explored with C,N‐cyclic N′‐acyl azomethine imines as a “1,5‐dipole” via a strategy involving intramolecular trapping of the isocyanide.
Reframing research on informal teaching and learning in science: Comments and commentary at the heart of a new vision for the field
Authors: Rahm Jrène 
Published: January 2014

AbstractInformal science education is a broad field of research marked by fuzzy boundaries, tensions, and muddles among many disciplines, making for an unclear future trajectory (or trajectories) for the field of study. In this commentary, I unpack some of the hidden dimensions, tensions and challenges the five articles raise or point to implicitly in terms of theory, methodology, and future research. I explore ideas to think with in terms of learning pathways or trajectories and time‐space dimensions of science learning. I also explore future dimensions for partnerships, collaborations, boundary encounters and boundary objects. I conclude by raising issues pertaining to diversity, equity and the position of the research and researcher. Together, I call for attention to the subtle dimensions of ISE learning and development. I make the case for the legitimacy of yet marginalized theories in science education grounded in sociocultural theory and CHAT, social practice theory, and network theory. Most important, together with the authors, I make the case for a relational perspective of learning, identity and affect, as culturally and historically grounded. I suggest that these theories can be used to work through conceptions of partnerships that will help erase boundaries among cultures, practices, teaching and learning, constitutive of life‐long, life‐wide, and life‐deep science learning, science teaching and science education, and that in the end, will be transformative. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 395–406, 2014
Ecotoxicity of single‐wall carbon nanotubes to freshwater snail Lymnaea luteola L.: Impacts on oxidative stress and genotoxicity
Authors: Ali Daoud , Ahmed Mukhtar , Alarifi Saud , Ali Huma 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTMammalian studies have raised concerns about the toxicity of carbon nanotubes, but there is very limited data on ecogenotoxicity to aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to determine eco‐geno toxic effects of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in fresh water snail, Lymnea luteola (L. luteola). A static test system was used to expose L. luteola to a freshwater control, 0.05, 0.15, 0.30, 0.46 mg/L SWCNTs for up to 4 days. SWCNTs changed a significant reduction in glutathione, glutathione‐S‐transferase, and glutathione peroxidase with in hepatopancreas of L. luteola. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and catalase showed dose‐ and time‐dependent and statistically significant increase in hepatopancreas during SWCNTs exposure compared with control. However, a significant (p < 0.01) induction in DNA damage was observed by the comet assay in hepatopancreas cells treated with SWCNTs. These results demonstrate that SWCNTs are ecogenotoxic to freshwater snail L. luteola. The oxidative stress and comet assay can successfully be used as sensitive tools of aquatic pollution biomonitoring. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 674–682, 2015.
Falsification and corroboration of conceptual hydrological models using geophysical data
Authors: Linde Niklas 
Published: January 2014

Geophysical data may provide crucial information about hydrological properties, states, and processes that are difficult to obtain by other means. Large data sets can be acquired over widely different scales in a minimally invasive manner and at comparatively low costs, but their effective use in hydrology makes it necessary to understand the fidelity of geophysical models, the assumptions made in their construction, and the links between geophysical and hydrological properties. Geophysics has been applied for groundwater prospecting for almost a century, but it is only in the last 20 years that it is regularly used together with classical hydrological data to build predictive hydrological models. A largely unexplored venue for future work is to use geophysical data to falsify or rank competing conceptual hydrological models. A promising cornerstone for such a model selection strategy is the Bayes factor, but it can only be calculated reliably when considering the main sources of uncertainty throughout the hydrogeophysical parameter estimation process. Most classical geophysical imaging tools tend to favor models with smoothly varying property fields that are at odds with most conceptual hydrological models of interest. It is thus necessary to account for this bias or use alternative approaches in which proposed conceptual models are honored at all steps in the model building process.This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Distributed power control for multiuser cognitive radio networks with quality of service and interference temperature constraints
Authors: Xu Yongjun , Zhao Xiaohui 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOne of the most challenging problems in dynamic resource allocation for cognitive radio networks is to adjust transmission power of secondary users (SUs) while quality of service needs of both SUs and primary users (PUs) are guaranteed. Most power control algorithms only consider interference temperature constraint in single user scenario while ignoring the interference from PUs to SUs and minimum signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) requirement of SUs. In this paper, a distributed power control algorithm without user cooperation is proposed for multiuser underlay CNRs. Specifically, we focus on maximizing total throughput of SUs subject to both maximum allowable transmission power constraint and SINR constraint, as well as interference temperature constraint. To reduce the burden of information exchange and computational complexity, an average interference constraint is proposed. Parameter range and convergence analysis are given for feasible solutions. The resource allocation is transformed into a convex optimization problem, which is solved by using Lagrange dual method. In computer simulations, the effectiveness of our proposed scheme is shown by comparing with distributed constrained power control algorithm and Nash bargaining power control game algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A low complexity approach to equalization for doubly selective channels
Authors: Qaisrani Muhammad T. N. , Barhumi Imad 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this manuscript, a low complexity scheme for linear and decision feedback equalization of doubly selective channels is introduced, and it is further extended to low complexity turbo equalization of doubly selective channels. The proposed low complexity scheme involves time‐varying equalizer design by explicitly solving for the equalizer at a few sparse points within the transmit block. The obtained equalizer coefficients at these uniformly spaced points within the transmit block are then interpolated to obtain the equalizer coefficients in the remainder of the block. This interpolation‐based approach to time‐varying equalizer design ensures a low design complexity. The performance of the proposed low complexity equalizer is assessed through numerical simulations. Furthermore, its effectiveness in a turbo equalization setup is studied by numerical simulations, which show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Barriers to Addressing Substance Abuse in Domestic Violence Court
Authors: Riger Stephanie , Bennett Larry W. , Sigurvinsdottir Rannveig 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSubstance abuse commonly co‐occurs with intimate partner violence among both perpetrators and survivors. Specialized courts that focus on intimate partner violence provide a unique opportunity to address both problems simultaneously, but research has yet to identify whether this happens. In this qualitative study of a domestic violence court in a large midwestern metropolitan area, key informants were interviewed to understand how the Court treats substance abuse. Results indicate that substance abuse typically is not identified among perpetrators or survivors going through the Court unless it is mentioned in a police report. Barriers to such identification are the organization of the Court, bounded definition of actors’ roles in the Court, limited resources, and negative attitudes towards survivors. These results suggest that specialized courts that attend to only one problem may overlook the possibility of addressing issues that commonly co‐occur.