bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of hyperglycaemia in newly diagnosed diabetic patients is associated with a reduction in oxidative stress and improvement in β‐cell function
Authors: Acharya Jhankar D. , Pande Amol J. , Joshi Suyog M. , Yajnik Chittaranjan S. , Ghaskadbi Saroj S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere exist several reports demonstrating enhancement in oxidative stress in diabetic patients; however, serial and comprehensive measurement of oxidative stress parameters in newly diagnosed diabetic patients is not yet reported. We measured the oxidative stress parameters in diabetic patients serially from the time of diagnosis and after starting treatment to study their association with glycaemia, insulin resistance and β‐cell function.MethodsFifty‐four newly diagnosed diabetic patients were studied at diagnosis and 4 and 8 weeks after initiating anti‐hyperglycaemic treatment. Oxidative stress parameters included activity of antioxidant enzymes, concentration of antioxidant molecules and damage markers. Oxidative stress score was computed as a collective measure of oxidative stress to interpret total oxidative stress state. Association of changing glucose levels with changing oxidative stress parameters over 8 weeks and association of oxidative stress score with insulin resistance and β‐cell function was analysed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA‐IR and HOMA‐β, respectively).ResultsEight weeks of treatment improved HbA1C from 9.8 ± 2.1 to 7.7 ± 1.0%. There was a significant increase in oxidative stress in diabetic patients [23.8 (95% CI 20.0, 27.6)] compared with non‐diabetic subjects [−1.2 (−3.4, 0.9)] (p < 0.001). Non‐diabetic subjects showed a stable status over 8 weeks. Improvement in hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients was associated with an improvement in oxidative stress parameters irrespective of the anti‐diabetic treatment received. Oxidative stress score fell after 8 weeks and was significantly associated with an improvement in HOMA‐β (standardized β = −0.38, p < 0.01) but not with HOMA‐IR.ConclusionsControlling hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients alleviates oxidative stress within 8 weeks of treatment, and improvement in oxidative stress parameters was related to an improved β‐cell function. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autocrine C‐peptide mechanism underlying INS1 beta cell adaptation to oxidative stress
Authors: Luppi Patrizia , Drain Peter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundExcessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes by inducing beta cell secretory dysfunction and apoptosis. Recent evidence has shown that C‐peptide, produced by beta cells and co‐secreted with insulin in the circulation of healthy individuals, decreases ROS and prevents apoptosis in dysfunctional vascular endothelial cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an autocrine activity of C‐peptide similarly decreases ROS when INS1 beta cells are exposed to stressful conditions of diabetes.MethodsReactive oxygen species and apoptosis were induced in INS1 beta cells pretreated with C‐peptide by either 22 mM glucose or 100 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To test C‐peptide's autocrine activity, endogenous C‐peptide secretion was inhibited by the KATP channel opener diazoxide and H2O2‐induced ROS assayed after addition of either exogenous C‐peptide or the secretagogue glibenclamide. In similar experiments, extracellular potassium, which depolarizes the membrane otherwise hyperpolarized by diazoxide, was used to induce endogenous C‐peptide secretion. ROS was measured using the cell‐permeant dye chloromethyl‐2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM‐H2‐DCFDA). Insulin secretion and apoptosis were assayed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsC‐peptide significantly decreased high glucose‐induced and H2O2‐induced ROS and prevented apoptosis of INS1 beta cells. Diazoxide significantly increased H2O2‐induced ROS, which was reversed by exogenous C‐peptide or glibenclamide or potassium chloride.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate an autocrine C‐peptide mechanism in which C‐peptide is bioactive on INS1 beta cells exposed to stressful conditions and might function as a natural antioxidant to limit beta cell dysfunction and loss contributing to diabetes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of effects-assessment of greenside darter (Etheostoma blennioides) exposed to tertiary treated municipal wastewater based on seasonal changes of reproductive endpoints
Authors: Tetreault Gerald R. , Bennett Charles J. , Servos Mark Roy , McMaster Mark E. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

The present study describes the seasonal changes in reproductive endpoints of the greenside darter (Etheostoma blennioides) and its implications for environmental monitoring. Fish collections conducted at the appropriate time for the site-specific sentinel fish species can provide a wide variety of population-level information including recruitment, reproduction, and energy storage. The objectives of the present study were to: 1) characterize seasonal changes in reproductive endpoints of the greenside darter (both sexes) to determine the appropriate period for monitoring of this sentinel species; and 2) evaluate the effect of exposure of this sentinel species to tertiary treated municipal effluent at the selected monitoring period. Based on the selected parameters (gonadosomatic index [GSI], liver somatic index [LSI], condition factor, and in vitro gonadal steroid production [testosterone (T) in both sexes; estradiol (E2) in females; and 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) in males]), the present study provides evidence for the value of collecting darters during recrudescence (late fall/early winter) to ensure temporal stability, minimum variability, and stable steroid production capacity. Darters exposed to tertiary treated municipal effluent tended to be larger and heavier relative to reference fish but did not demonstrate any consistent responses in terms of condition or relative liver size. No effect on gonadal development was observed, even though these tertiary-effluent–exposed fish demonstrated a significant reduction in the ability to produce hormones. The present study suggests that although fish exposed to tertiary treated effluent demonstrate no population-level effects, they are still responding at a physiological level. Documentation of the reproductive cycle of sentinel species allows for selection of the most appropriate sampling period to reduce variability and greatly enhances the reliability and interpretation of biological responses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1077–1089. © 2014 SETAC
Environment: Changing Role of Biomass Power in New England's REC Markets
Authors: Hofer Christian , Tinley Chris , Kierstead Michael 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFive New England states currently have in place a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) using tradable Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) to increase the share of renewables in the electricity mix. Regional RPS demand now totals more than 18,000 gigawatt‐hours and is set to grow to more than 28,000 gigawatt‐hours by 2020. As such, RPS‐supported renewable energy is a sizable and growing portion of New England's electricity market.
Observation of antennal sensilla in Xylotrechus grayii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) with scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Chen Jian‐Min , Qiao Hai‐Li , Chen Jun , Xu Chang‐Qing , Liu Sai , Lian Zhen‐Min , Guo Kun 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe longicorn beetle Xylotrechus grayii (White, 1855) has been spreading rapidly in China, causing mass mortality of honeysuckle which is economically and medicinally important. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of mate and host location and to advance efficient control methods, antennal sensilla features were investigated in both sexes of X. grayii using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The filiform antennae of both sexes consist of scape, pedicel, and nine flagellomeres (f1–9). Five types of sensilla were observed: sensilla chaetica (5 subtypes, SC1–5), sensilla basiconica (4 subtypes, SB1–4), Böhm bristles (Bm), grooved peg sensilla (Gp), and sensilla campaniformia (Ca). SC were most common on the antennae, followed by SB and Bm. No significant sexual differences in the type, amounts, and distribution of antennal sensilla were found except for the distribution of SB clusters and Ca. SB clusters and Ca occurred on f1–8 of male antennae but were absent on those segments in females, suggesting a potential function as receptors for female sex pheromones. The putative functions of other sensilla are discussed based on their characteristics in related species. This study provides an important foundation for further research on sensory mechanisms and control measures of X. grayii. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:264–273, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genome complexity in the coelacanth is reflected in its adaptive immune system
Authors: Saha Nil Ratan , Ota Tatsuya , Litman Gary W. , Hansen John , Parra Zuly , Hsu Ellen , Buonocore Francesco , Canapa Adriana , Cheng Jan‐Fang , Amemiya Chris T. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTWe have analyzed the available genome and transcriptome resources from the coelacanth in order to characterize genes involved in adaptive immunity. Two highly distinctive IgW‐encoding loci have been identified that exhibit a unique genomic organization, including a multiplicity of tandemly repeated constant region exons. The overall organization of the IgW loci precludes typical heavy chain class switching. A locus encoding IgM could not be identified either computationally or by using several different experimental strategies. Four distinct sets of genes encoding Ig light chains were identified. This includes a variant sigma‐type Ig light chain previously identified only in cartilaginous fishes and which is now provisionally denoted sigma‐2. Genes encoding α/β and γ/δ T‐cell receptors, and CD3, CD4, and CD8 co‐receptors also were characterized. Ig heavy chain variable region genes and TCR components are interspersed within the TCR α/δ locus; this organization previously was reported only in tetrapods and raises questions regarding evolution and functional cooption of genes encoding variable regions. The composition, organization and syntenic conservation of the major histocompatibility complex locus have been characterized. We also identified large numbers of genes encoding cytokines and their receptors, and other genes associated with adaptive immunity. In terms of sequence identity and organization, the adaptive immune genes of the coelacanth more closely resemble orthologous genes in tetrapods than those in teleost fishes, consistent with current phylogenomic interpretations. Overall, the work reported described herein highlights the complexity inherent in the coelacanth genome and provides a rich catalog of immune genes for future investigations. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 438–463, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Location means everything
Authors: Fritsch Valerie A. , Lentsch Eric J. 
Published: January 2014

Background and ObjectivesHead and neck basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is increasingly recognized as a malignancy with an evolving duel behavior. Our objective was to describe the site‐specific presentation and prognosis of head and neck BSCC in comparison to conventional‐type squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using population‐based data.MethodsA total of 1,083 BSCC patients and 66,929 conventional‐type SCC patients, diagnosed between 2000 and 2008, were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Clinicopathologic data were compared using χ2 analysis. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate site‐stratified disease‐specific survival (DSS). BSCC's independent effect on DSS was assessed by multivariable regression analysis.ResultsThe oropharynx (61.9%) was the most frequent BSCC site; compared to the larynx (33.3%) in conventional‐type SCC. More BSCC patients presented with advanced‐stage disease (78.4% vs. 60.1%, P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, DSS was significantly better in the BSCC group when tumors were located in the oropharynx. Conversely, DSS was worse for BSCC patients with laryngeal tumors. DSS was similar among patients with sinonasal, nasopharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and oral tumors.ConclusionsBSCC's propensity for advanced‐stage presentation was confirmed in this study. However, BSCC appears to carry a paradoxically similar, or better, prognosis compared to conventional‐type SCC in most cases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:616–622. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photodynamic therapy with the novel photosensitizer chlorophyllin f induces apoptosis and autophagy in human bladder cancer cells
Authors: Lihuan Du , Jingcun Zheng , Ning Jiang , Guozeng Wang , Yiwei Chu , Wei Lin , Jing Qian , Yuanfang Zhang , Gang Chen 
Published: January 2014

Background and ObjectivesOur group recently synthesized a new, low‐cost photosensitizer, chlorophyllin f. In this study, the effects of chlorophyllin f‐mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and its potential mechanisms were examined in human bladder cancer cells.Materials and MethodsMitoTracker® Green probe and LysoTracker® Green probe were used to label mitochondria and lysosomes, revealing the intracellular localization of chlorophyllin f in 5637 and T24 cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The cells were treated with chlorophyllin f‐mediated PDT; the photo‐cytotoxicity of chlorophyllin f was monitored using the Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, and apoptosis was measured by Annexin V‐FITC/PI dual staining. Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and staining with Cyto‐ID® Autophagy Detection dye, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and acridine orange were performed to assess autophagy. The role of autophagy was examined by measuring cell viability and apoptosis in both cell lines pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA).ResultsChlorophyllin f showed affinity for mitochondria and lysosomes. It exhibited significant photocytotoxicity, resulting in a maximum of 86.51% and 84.88% cell death in 5637 and T24 cells, respectively. Additionally, chlorophyllin f‐mediated PDT (f‐PDT) also induced a significantly higher percentage of apoptosis in treated cells compared to the control groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of Beclin1 protein and the proportion of LC3‐II:LC3‐I in both cell lines significantly increased after f‐PDT. Autophagy, characterized by an increase in the formation of Cyto‐ID® Autophagy Detection dye‐labeled autophagosomes, MDC fluorescent dye‐labeled autophagic vacuoles and acridine orange‐labeled acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs), was observed in f‐PDT‐treated cells. TEM also revealed double‐membrane autophagosome structures 1 hour after f‐PDT. Most importantly, when pretreated with 3‐MA, the two cell lines showed more significant photo‐cytotoxicity and apoptotic cell death compared to those exposed to f‐PDT alone (P < 0.05).ConclusionChlorophyllin f‐mediated PDT exerts anti‐tumor activity by inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and most importantly, autophagy inhibition enhances f‐PDT‐mediated apoptotic cell death. These results suggest that chlorophyllin f is a new, effective photosensitizer and that the combination of f‐PDT with autophagy inhibitors may be an attractive therapeutic strategy against human non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:319–334, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative EMG of external urethral sphincter in neurologically healthy men with prostate pathology
Authors: Bianchi Francesca , Cursi Marco , Ferrari Matteo , Salonia Andrea , Amadio Stefano , Comi Giancarlo , Danuser Hansjörg , Del Carro Ubaldo , Mattei Agostino 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere are no data on quantitative electromyography (EMG) of the external urethral sphincter (EUS) in men. The aim of this study was to obtain reference data from a group of neurologically healthy continent men with prostate pathology using a standardized technique. Methods:
Sixty‐six subjects without neurological disorders were included. Motor unit potential (MUP) and interference pattern (IP) analysis were performed using multi‐MUP and turns/amplitude techniques, respectively. Results: Of 66 patients, 51 (mean age, 65.17; SD, 6.70) had localized prostate cancer (PCa), and 15 (mean age 61.67, SD 6.25) had benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Descriptive MUP parameters and IP‐clouds were obtained, respectively in the BPH and PCa groups. No group differences were found. Conclusions: This study provides quantitative EMG measures of EUS functionality in continent men with prostate pathology. The data could be used as reference values for patients undergoing prostate surgery to identify postoperative changes in EUS function possibly influencing continence. Muscle Nerve 50: 571–576, 2014
MSMB variation and prostate cancer risk: Clues towards a possible fungal etiology
Authors: Sutcliffe Siobhan , De Marzo Angelo M. , Sfanos Karen S. , Laurence Martin 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND. With recent advances in high‐throughput sequencing technologies, many prostate cancer risk loci have been identified, including rs10993994, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located near the MSMB gene. Variant allele (T) carriers of this SNP produce less prostate secretory protein 94 (PSP94), the protein product of MSMB, and have an increased risk of prostate cancer (approximately 25% per T allele), suggesting that PSP94 plays a protective role in prostate carcinogenesis, although the mechanisms for such protection are unclear.METHODS. We reviewed the literature on possible mechanisms for PSP94 protection for prostate cancer.RESULTS. One possible mechanism is tumor suppression, as PSP94 has been observed to inhibit cell or tumor growth in in vitro and in vivo models. Another novel mechanism, which we propose in this review article, is that PSP94 may protect against prostate cancer by preventing or limiting an intracellular fungal infection in the prostate. This mechanism is based on the recent discovery of PSP94's fungicidal activity in low‐calcium environments (such as the cytosol of epithelial cells), and accumulating evidence suggesting a role for inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis. We provide further details of our proposed mechanism in this review article.CONCLUSIONS. To explore this mechanism, future studies should consider screening prostate specimens for fungi using the rapidly expanding number of molecular techniques capable of identifying infectious agents from the entire tree of life. Prostate 74:569–578, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tips for the creation and application of effective operating procedures
Authors: Scholtz Colin R. , Maher Steven T. 
Published: January 2014

Specific requirements exist in all Safety Management Systems Requirements (e.g., Process Safety Management and Risk Management Program) for the creation, content, and periodic update of operating procedures (OP). However, the development and actual implementation of OP has challenges that often result in deficiencies, regulatory citations, and in some cases, unfortunate tragedies.Although OP concepts involve the straightforward documentation of specific steps for safe and effective operation, many process facilities struggle with:

•securing the focus from operations personnel for the creation of quality procedures
•securing feedback from operations personnel if procedural steps do not coincide with actual practices
•ensuring the steps outlined in procedures avoid introducing additional process hazards
•creating procedures that are in a user‐friendly format
•identifying the most effective level of information and depth to include in the procedure
•addressing all modes of operations, including defining appropriate responsibilities
Good‐quality OP are critical for encapsulating operational best practices and also provide a basis for ensuring consistent quality assurance. The objective of this article is to convey an understanding of the challenges that must be considered with the development of OP and provide specific examples that will facilitate the creation and ongoing application of OP. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 33: 350–354, 2014
Ipomovirus – an atypical genus in the family Potyviridae transmitted by whiteflies
Authors: Dombrovsky Aviv , Reingold Victoria , Antignus Yehezkel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIpomoviruses (genus Ipomovirus) are whitefly‐transmitted viruses assigned to the family Potyviridae. They are characterised by filamentous flexible particles and a positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA (+ssRNA) genome. The viral genome is translated into a polyprotein precursor, which is processed into mature proteins and a short overlapping open reading frame. The genus Ipomovirus contains four accepted species and one unapproved species, and two other tentative members have recently been characterised. Ipomoviruses cause serious economic losses in many important crops, including cassava, sweet potato, cucurbits, tomato and aubergine. These viruses are transmitted by whiteflies in a non‐circulative, semi‐persistent manner, the virions being retained on the external surface of the vectors' mouthparts for a few days or weeks. Comparison of the available complete genome sequences of different ipomoviruses revealed differences in their genome organisation and a considerable variation in their proteins and conserved motifs that may reflect functional differences. This review summarises the current knowledge of the members within the genus Ipomovirus, focusing on genome organisation, taxonomic classification and the mechanism by which they are transmitted. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Transmission specificities of plant viruses with the newly identified species of the Bemisia tabaci species complex
Authors: Polston Jane E , De Barro Paul , Boykin Laura M 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBemisia tabaci has had a colorful nomenclatural past and is now recognized as a species complex. This new species framework has added many new areas of research including adding new insight into the virus transmission specificity of the species in the B. tabaci species complex. There is a wide disparity in what is known about the transmission of plant viruses by different members of the B. tabaci species complex. In this paper, we have synthesized the transmission specificities of the plant viruses transmitted by species belonging to the complex. There are five genera of plant viruses with members that are transmitted by species of the B. tabaci species complex. The transmission of viruses belonging to two of these, Begomovirus and Crinivirus, are well studied and much is known in regards to the relationship between species and transmission and etiology. This is in contrast to viruses of the genera, Torradovirus and Carlavirus, for which very little is known inregards to their transmission. This is the first attempt to integrate viral data within the new B. tabaci species complex framework. It is clear that matching historical transmission data with the current species framework is difficult due to the lack of awareness of the underlying genetic diversity within B. tabaci. We encourage all researchers to determine which species of B. tabaci they are using to facilitate association of phenotypic traits with particular members of the complex. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry