bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farm-to-school programmes in the USA: An examination of state-level enacted, pending and vetoed or dead bills
Authors: Thompson Olivia M , Ghelardini Lauren , Keene Kristin L , Stewart Kendra B 
Published: June 2013

Objectives: We sought to determine the prevalence and distribution of state-level legislation regulating farm-to-school programmes throughout the United States of America (USA). The research is timely given national goals put forth by the Let’s Move Campaign and the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act to reduce childhood obesity prevalence and improve access to local foods in schools by 2015. Design and methods: The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Database of State Legislative and Regulatory Action to Prevent Obesity and Improve Nutrition and Physical Activity and the national Farm-to-School Network’s database of legislation were used to conduct an online search of farm-to-school legislation in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia as of March 2012. Setting: Schools. Results: Our search identified a total of 43 bills (33 enacted bills, two pending bills, and eight vetoed or dead bills) that aimed to facilitate farm-to-school programmes. Of the enacted bills, their foci were described according to regional location and statewide or local impact, appropriation of funds, provision of other monetary incentives, establishment of a task force, and preference for purchasing local products. Conclusions: Given the successes of state-level laws regulating injury- and disease-related risk factors such as seatbelt and helmet use, tobacco use, and water fluoridation, we conclude that state-level legislation regulating dietary risk factors and, importantly, school nutrition environments may hold significant public health promise.
Road rage: An exploratory study on aggressive driving experience on Indian roads
Authors: Sagar Rajesh , Mehta Manju , Chugh Geetanjali 
Published: June 2013

Background: Driving on Indian roads is a stressful experience. A lacuna of research on aggressive driving experiences in the Indian set-up highlights the need to address this growing concern for individuals, society and mental health professionals. Aim: To explore and compare driving-related anger triggers and anger expression among high- and low-angry Indian drivers. Method: Two hundred randomly chosen drivers from the city of Delhi were administered a semi-structured questionnaire intended to understand driving-related aggression. Results: Honking, overtaking from the wrong side, loud music in other cars and hot and humid climate significantly increased the risk of experiencing anger among high-angry drivers. High-angry drivers were significantly more likely to engage in direct and aggressive expression of anger, including overtaking, verbal abuse, yelling and arguing, not giving space to other drivers, fighting, and hitting and bumping other cars in protest. Passive anger expressions such as holding grudges against other drivers and eating or drinking something to cool down were significantly more likely to be used by low-angry drivers. Conclusions: Drivers who are high on anger have a significantly higher risk of experiencing anger triggered by a variety of individual and environmental factors on Indian roads and are more susceptible to engage in aggressive driving behaviour.
A retrospective study of the impact of the doctors’ strike in England on 21 June 2012
Authors: Ruiz Milagros , Bottle Alex , Aylin Paul 
Published: June 2013

Objective To examine the effect of the 24-h doctors’ strike on 21 June 2012 on hospital activity in English NHS hospitals. Design Retrospective descriptive study of inpatient, outpatient and Accident and Emergency (A&E) activity in NHS hospitals over the strike period. Setting All English NHS hospitals. Participants Patients admitted to hospital, patients with outpatient appointments and A&E attendances over a three-week period (from 11 to 29 June 2012), excluding weekends and spanning the strike day. Main outcome measures Numbers and percentage change of inpatient admissions (elective and emergency), day surgery cases, outpatient appointments cancellations, A&E attendances and in-hospital deaths on the day of the strike compared with patient activity on the Thursday before and the Thursday after the strike week. Results There were a total of 795,267 admissions, 5,602,971 outpatient appointments, 356,645 outpatient cancellations (by NHS provider), 4,470,208 outpatients seen by medical staff, 986,322 A&E attendances and 13,857 in-hospital deaths over the three-week period. Compared with the non-strike period, on the day of the strike, emergency admissions fell by 2.4% while the elective admissions decreased by 12.8%. There was a 7.8% drop in the number of outpatients seen by medical staff on the day of the strike and a 45.5% increase in the number of cancelled appointments by NHS hospitals, while A&E attendances dropped by 4.7%. The impact of the strike across regional Health Authorities in England was varied. The North West Health Authority was affected the most while the least affected Health Authorities were the South West, East of England and South Central. Conclusions The 24-h doctors’ strike in England on 21 June 2012 significantly affected the provision of healthcare by NHS hospitals. We observed regional variations on NHS service levels on the day of the strike.
Effect of the colloids gelatin and HES 130/0.4 on blood coagulation in cardiac surgery patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kimenai DM , Bastianen GW , Daane CR , Megens-Bastiaanse CM , van der Meer NJM , Scohy TV , Gerritse BM 
Published: June 2013

Objective: The choice of the prime solution for cardiopulmonary bypass can play an important role in limiting the effect on blood coagulation, but it is still unclear what the effect of colloids on blood coagulation is. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of synthetic colloids on blood loss and blood coagulation in patients after on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures. Methods: Sixty elective, on-pump CABG patients were randomly assigned to receive the prime solutions lactated Ringer’s solution combined with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (HES, 6% Volulyte, Fresenius Kabi Nederland BV, Zeist, the Netherlands) (HES group) or gelatin (Gelofusin®, B Braun Melsung AG, Melsungen, Germany) (Gelo group). Blood loss was assessed using post-operative chest tube output; secondary endpoints were number of blood component transfusions, routine coagulation test values and rotation thromboelastometry values (Rotem® delta, Pentapharm GmbH, Munich, Germany). Results: Total post-operative chest tube output was 500 ± 420 ml in the HES group versus 465 ± 390 ml in the Gelo group ( p = 0.48). No significant differences were observed in any of the routine coagulation tests values, thromboelastometry parameters or number of blood component transfusions between the groups. Conclusions: In this randomized, controlled trial of adults after on-pump CABG procedures, there was no significant difference in blood loss or blood coagulation between the HES group and the Gelo group.
The effect of retrograde autologous priming on intraoperative blood product transfusion in coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Nanjappa A , Gill J , Sadat U , Colah S , Abu-Omar Y , Nair S 
Published: June 2013

Introduction: Retrograde autologous priming (RAP) of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit could reduce the degree of haemodilution associated with priming with acellular solutions. However, there is no strong evidence to prove that the practice of RAP reduced intraoperative packed red cell (PRC) or blood product transfusion. Objective: To evaluate the effect of RAP on intraoperative PRC usage in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: This study is a prospective, observational study on patients who underwent first-time, isolated CABG using CPB between April 2012 and July 2012. Two groups of patients were identified: 1. Non-RAP group (n=128) and 2. RAP group (n=73). The primary outcome for the study was the amount of PRC and blood product usage between the induction of anaesthesia and the cessation of CPB. Results: Use of PRC and blood products in the operating room was comparable in both groups. Univariate logistic regression showed that RAP was not an independent predictor of PRC or blood product transfusion (p=0.43). Multivariate logistic regression showed that CPB time, preoperative haemoglobin (Hb) levels and creatinine clearance were independent predictors of blood product transfusion. Conclusion: Practising RAP with mean volumes of 300 ml does not necessarily reduce PRC and other blood product transfusion requirements during CABG. In our practice, RAP was performed, aiming at displacing CPB circuit prime volume with which the perfusionist felt comfortable and dictated by haemodynamic parameters prior to commencing CPB. We presume this is the case in many units around the world. This practice, in our opinion, is not enough to achieve the benefits of RAP, if any, in the form of a reduction of packed red cell transfusion requirements. The true advantages of RAP in cardiac surgery need to be studied in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
Design and experimental evaluation of a dynamically balanced redundant planar 4-RRR parallel manipulator
Authors: van der Wijk Volkert , Krut Sébastien , Pierrot François , Herder Just L 
Published: June 2013

Shaking forces and shaking moments in high-speed parallel manipulators are a significant cause of base vibrations. These vibrations can be eliminated by designing the manipulator to be shaking-force balanced and shaking-moment balanced. In this article an approach for the design and evaluation of high-speed dynamically balanced parallel manipulators is presented and applied to a comparative experimental investigation of a balanced and unbalanced DUAL-V planar 4-RRR parallel manipulator. For precise simulation of the manipulator motion, the inverse dynamic model of the manipulator is derived and validated. Experiments show that the balanced manipulator has up to 97% lower shaking forces and up to a 96% lower shaking moment. For small inaccuracies of the counter-masses or for a small unbalanced payload on the platform, base vibrations may be considerable for high-speed manipulation, however their values remain significantly low as compared to the unbalanced manipulator. For the balanced manipulator the actuator torques are about 1.6 times higher and the bearing forces are about 71% lower as compared to the unbalanced manipulator.
Use of a Fluoroscopic Overlay to Assist Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Moloney Gele , Araujo Paulo , Rabuck Stephen , Carey Robert , Rincon Gustavo , Zhang Xudong , Harner Christopher 
Published: June 2013

Background: A growing body of evidence supports the importance of anatomic tunnel positioning in the success of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, which stimulates the need for technologies to aid surgeons in achieving accurate anatomic tunnel placement. Intraoperative fluoroscopy is potentially one such technology, while its efficacy and usability have yet to be established. Purpose: To investigate the performance of an intraoperative fluoroscopic overlay in guiding tunnel placement during ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty cadaveric knees underwent computed tomography (CT) scans and arthroscopic digitization of ACL insertion sites. The outlines of the digitized insertion sites were mapped to the corresponding CT-acquired bone models through a co-registration procedure. Twenty orthopaedic surgeons performed simulated ACL reconstructions, each on a randomly assigned cadaveric knee, first without and then with the aid of a fluoroscopic overlay system. The overlay system displayed on a lateral fluoroscopic image targets points representing the locations of the ACL insertion sites estimated from the literature data. Surgeons were allowed to adjust their tunnel positions under the guidance of the fluoroscopic image. Their initial, intermediate, and final positions were documented and compared with the target points as well as the native insertion sites. Results: Surgeons demonstrated significant ( P < .01) improvements in femoral and tibial tunnel placements relative to the target points from an average distance of 3.9 mm to 1.6 mm on the femur and 2.1 mm to 0.9 mm on the tibia. The improvements toward the knee-specific actual insertion sites were significant on the tibial side but not on the femoral side. Conclusion: Surgeons can be successfully guided with fluoroscopy to create more consistent femoral and tibial tunnels during ACL reconstruction. More research is warranted to develop better population representations of the locations of natural insertion sites. Clinical Relevance: Intraoperative fluoroscopy can be an effective, easy, and safe method for improving tunnel positioning during ACL reconstruction.
The Current Economic Crisis in the United States
Authors: Kotz David M. 
Published: June 2013

This paper offers an analysis of the current economic crisis in the United States that began in 2008, which is understood not as a business cycle recession but as a structural crisis. It presents a case that the current economic crisis is a particular type of crisis of over-investment, called an asset bubble induced over-investment crisis. It explains what is meant by that type of crisis and presents empirical evidence for the period since 1979 that supports this interpretation of the crisis. It argues that the forces that led to the current crisis cannot be seen in the behavior of the rate of profit. JEL Classification: E11, E32, N12
Increasing Access to Evidence-Based Practices and Knowledge and Attitudes
Authors: Leathers Sonya J. , Strand Tonya C. 
Published: June 2013

Objective. This pilot study examined the effect of increasing field instructors access to information about evidence-based practices (EBPs) on their level of knowledge and attitudes about EBPs. Method. Eighteen field instructors received training and access to a library with extensive online journals. Half were randomly selected to also receive a brief training and subscription to PracticeWise, which includes an online modularized treatment manual for children's mental health disorders (MATCH). Participants completed three interviews by telephone at baseline, six weeks, and 12 weeks. Results. An increase in knowledge of EBPs occurred in the PracticeWise condition, which was reported to be significantly more helpful than the journals. Unexpectedly, attitudes about EBPS became more negative overall, but greater use of MATCH was related to an increase in positive attitudes. Conclusions. Supporting field instructors' consultation of materials with direct practice relevance might positively influence attitudes that could otherwise be a barrier to learning EBPs.
Effect of blanching temperature and dipping time on drying time of broccoli
Authors: Doymaz Ibrahim 
Published: June 2013

Drying characteristics of broccoli was experimentally studied in cabinet-type convective dryer. Experiments were conducted using constant air velocity of 2 m/s and air temperature of 60 ℃. Drying rate increased with increasing blanching temperature and thus reduced the drying time. The experimental drying data were used to fit twelve drying models and drying rate constants and coefficients of the models were determined by non-linear regression analysis. Estimations by the Midilli et al. model were in good agreement with the experimental data obtained. Fick’s second law was used to calculate the effective moisture diffusivity, which varied from 1.987 to 3.577 × 10-8 m2/s for the given blanching temperature range. The rehydration ratio was observed to increase with increasing blanching temperature.
Predicting Presence at the Intersections: Assessing the Variation in Women's Office Holding across the States
Authors: Scola Becki 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOver the past several decades, women's office holding at the state level has grown substantially, but there is still a large range of electoral service across the 50 states. In this article, I revisit the most common explanations provided by the literature in helping us understand this variation and assess whether these explanations can be effectively applied to different racial/ethnic groups of female legislators. Using data from a 20-year time span, I find that there are differences between the factors that predict white women and women of color's state legislative presence.
Ribosomal and hematopoietic defects in induced pluripotent stem cells derived from Diamond Blackfan anemia patients
Authors: Garçon Loïc , Ge Jingping , Manjunath Shwetha H. , Mills Jason A. , Apicella Marisa , Parikh Shefali , Sullivan Lisa M. , Podsakoff Gregory M. , Gadue Paul , French Deborah L. , Mason Philip J. , Bessler Monica , Weiss Mitchell J. 
Published: June 2013

Key PointsRibosome biogenesis and hematopoiesis are impaired in iPSCs from DBA patients. The abnormalities of DBA iPSCs are ameliorated by genetic restoration of the defective ribosomal protein genes.
Long-term decline in intelligence among adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with cranial radiation
Authors: Krull Kevin R. , Zhang Nan , Santucci Aimee , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Krasin Matthew J. , Kun Larry E. , Pui Ching-Hon , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Armstrong Gregory T. 
Published: June 2013

Key Points
Adult survivors of childhood ALL treated with cranial radiation demonstrate a decline in verbal intelligence during an interval of 28 years. This decline was associated with current attention problems, but not gender, radiation dose, or age at radiation exposure.
Distinct regulation of dengue virus-induced inflammasome activation in humanmacrophage subsets
Authors: Wu Ming-Fang , Chen Szu-Ting , Hsieh Shie-Liang 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Macrophages (Mϕ) are the major source of inflammatory cytokines and aretarget cells for dengue virus (DV) replication. However, Mϕ areheterogeneous and their phenotypic and functional diversities are influenced bycytokines that regulate their differentiation, tissue distribution, and defenseagainst invading pathogens. In vitro, human primary macrophages arederived from peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes in the presence ofmacrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or granulocyte macrophagecolony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). These are essential for developingtissue/resting macrophages (M-Mϕ) and inflammatory macrophages(GM-Mϕ), respectively. While IFN production is similar between M-Mϕand GM-Mϕ, M-Mϕ cannot produce IL-1β after DV infection. Incontrast, GM-Mϕ is more susceptible to DV infection and DV triggers CLEC5Ain GM-Mϕ to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes, which in turn release IL-18 andIL-1β that are critical for Th17 activation and contribute to diseaseseverity. Thus, GM-Mϕ is more representative than M-Mϕ forinvestigating inflammasome activation in dengue infection, and is invaluable forrevealing the molecular mechanism of pathogen-induced inflammatory reaction.Distinct phenotypes of macrophage subsets under the influence of M-CSF andGM-CSF raise the question of optimal conditions for culturing primarymacrophages to study host-pathogen interaction.
Discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes associated with fertility and production traits in Holstein cattle
Authors: Cochran Sarah D , Cole John B , Null Daniel J , Hansen Peter J 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for specific genes involved in reproduction might improve reliability of genomic estimates for these low-heritability traits. Semen from 550 Holstein bulls of high (≥ 1.7; n = 288) or low (≤ −2; n = 262) daughter pregnancy rate (DPR) was genotyped for 434 candidate SNPs using the Sequenom MassARRAY® system. Three types of SNPs were evaluated: SNPs previously reported to be associated with reproductive traits or physically close to genetic markers for reproduction, SNPs in genes that are well known to be involved in reproductive processes, and SNPs in genes that are differentially expressed between physiological conditions in a variety of tissues associated in reproductive function. Eleven reproduction and production traits were analyzed.ResultsA total of 40 SNPs were associated (P < 0.05) with DPR. Among these were genes involved in the endocrine system, cell signaling, immune function and inhibition of apoptosis. A total of 10 genes were regulated by estradiol. In addition, 22 SNPs were associated with heifer conception rate, 33 with cow conception rate, 36 with productive life, 34 with net merit, 23 with milk yield, 19 with fat yield, 13 with fat percent, 19 with protein yield, 22 with protein percent, and 13 with somatic cell score. The allele substitution effect for SNPs associated with heifer conception rate, cow conception rate, productive life and net merit were in the same direction as for DPR. Allele substitution effects for several SNPs associated with production traits were in the opposite direction as DPR. Nonetheless, there were 29 SNPs associated with DPR that were not negatively associated with production traits.ConclusionSNPs in a total of 40 genes associated with DPR were identified as well as SNPs for other traits. It might be feasible to include these SNPs into genomic tests of reproduction and other traits. The genes associated with DPR are likely to be important for understanding the physiology of reproduction. Given the large number of SNPs associated with DPR that were not negatively associated with production traits, it should be possible to select for DPR without compromising production.
Insight into the specific virulence related genes and toxin-antitoxin virulent pathogenicity islands in swine streptococcosis pathogen Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus strain ATCC35246
Authors: Ma Zhe , Geng Jianing , Yi Li , Xu Bin , Jia Ruoyu , Li Yue , Meng Qingshu , Fan Hongjie , Hu Songnian 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background

Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) is an important pathogen causing swine streptococcosis in China. Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) of S. zooepidemicus have been transferred among bacteria through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and play important roles in the adaptation and increased virulence of S. zooepidemicus. The present study used comparative genomics to examine the different pathogenicities of S. zooepidemicus.

Results
Genome of S. zooepidemicus ATCC35246 (Sz35246) comprises 2,167,264-bp of a single circular chromosome, with a GC content of 41.65%. Comparative genome analysis of Sz35246, S. zooepidemicus MGCS10565 (Sz10565), Streptococcus equi. ssp. equi. 4047 (Se4047) and S. zooepidemicus H70 (Sz70) identified 320 Sz35246-specific genes, clustered into three toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems PAIs and one restriction modification system (RM system) PAI. These four acquired PAIs encode proteins that may contribute to the overall pathogenic capacity and fitness of this bacterium to adapt to different hosts. Analysis of the in vivo and in vitro transcriptomes of this bacterium revealed differentially expressed PAI genes and non-PAI genes, suggesting that Sz35246 possess mechanisms for infecting animals and adapting to a wide range of host environments. Analysis of the genome identified potential Sz35246 virulence genes. Genes of the Fim III operon were presumed to be involved in breaking the host-restriction of Sz35246.

Conclusion
Genome wide comparisons of Sz35246 with three other strains and transcriptome analysis revealed novel genes related to bacterial virulence and breaking the host-restriction. Four specific PAIs, which were judged to have been transferred into Sz35246 genome through HGT, were identified for the first time. Further analysis of the TA and RM systems in the PAIs will improve our understanding of the pathogenicity of this bacterium and could lead to the development of diagnostics and vaccines.