bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Channel characterization in high‐speed railway station environments at 1.89 GHz
Authors: Zhou Tao , Tao Cheng , Salous Sana , Liu Liu , Tan Zhenhui 
Published: October 2015

AbstractChannel characterization is the prerequisite condition for the research and development of the next‐generation high‐speed railway (HSR) communication system. Train station is one of typical HSR scenarios, where channel characteristics have not yet been investigated sufficiently. In this paper, wideband multiantenna channel measurements are performed at 1.89 GHz in an open‐type train station environment based on long‐term evolution networks along Beijing to Tianjin HSR in China. Large‐scale characteristics of the HSR station channel, focusing on path loss, shadow fading (SF), and the autocorrelation property of SF, are studied. Moreover, small‐scale characteristics, such as Ricean K‐factor, delay spread, and spatial correlation, are analyzed and modeled. In addition, the stationary region is characterized using the RUN test method. The obtained results provide useful information for deployment and assessment of the future HSR communication system in the HSR station scenario.
The effect of saturation path on three‐phase relative permeability
Authors: Kianinejad Amir , Chen Xiongyu , DiCarlo David A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSimulation and fluid flow prediction of many petroleum‐enhanced oil recovery methods as well as environmental processes such as carbon dioxide (CO2) geological storage or underground water resources remediation requires accurate modeling and determination of relative permeability under different saturation histories. Based on this critical need, several three‐phase relative permeability models were developed to predict relative permeability; however, for practical purposes most of them require a variety of parameters introducing undesired complexity to the models. In this work, we attempt to find out if there is a simpler way to express this functionality. To do so, we experimentally measure three‐phase, water/oil/gas, relative permeability in a 1 m long water‐wet sand pack, under several saturation flow paths to cover the entire three‐phase saturation space. We obtain the in situ saturations along the sand pack using a CT scanner and then determine the relative permeabilities of liquid phases directly from the measured in situ saturations using an unsteady state method. The measured data show that at a specific saturation, the oil relative permeability varies significantly (up to two orders of magnitude), depending on the path through saturation space. The three‐phase relative permeability data are modeled using standard relative permeability models, Corey‐type, and Saturation Weighted Interpolation (SWI). Our measured data suggest that three‐phase oil relative permeability in water‐wet media is only a function of its own saturation if the residual oil saturation is treated as a function of two saturations. We determine that residual saturation is the key parameter in modeling three‐phase relative permeability (effect of saturation history).
Biosocial correlates and spatial distribution of consanguinity in South America
Authors: Bronberg Ruben , Gili Juan , Gimenez Lucas , Dipierri Jose , Lopez Camelo Jorge 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo analyze potential biosocial factors in consanguineous unions according to the level of consanguinity and its spatial distribution in South America.MethodsThe data used came from the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations. Information on 126,213 nonmalformed newborns out of 6,014,749 births was used. This information was collected between 1967 and 2011 at 204 hospitals in 116 cities in 10 South American countries. The spatial scan statistic was performed under a model of nonhierarchical k‐means segmentation, based on statistically significant clusters, areas with levels of high, medium, and low consanguinity were determined.ResultsConsanguinity in South America is heterogeneously distributed, with two groups of high consanguinity, in northwestern Venezuela and southeast of Brazil, and two clusters of low consanguinity located in the south of the continent, mainly Argentina. The socio‐demographic factors associated with consanguinity influence the population structure in areas of high consanguinity.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that consanguinity in the South American continent is strongly associated with a greater magnitude of poverty in the area of high consanguinity. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:405–411, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extending the Family of V4+S=${{ 1/2 }}$ Kagome Antiferromagnets
Authors: Clark Lucy , Aidoudi Farida H. , Black Cameron , Arachchige Kasun S. A. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Morris Russell E. , Lightfoot Philip 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe ionothermal synthesis, structure, and magnetic susceptibility of a novel inorganic–organic hybrid material, imidazolium vanadium(III,IV) oxyfluoride [C3H5N2][V9O6F24(H2O)2] (ImVOF) are presented. The structure consists of inorganic vanadium oxyfluoride slabs with kagome layers of V4+ S=${{ 1/2 }}$ ions separated by a mixed valence layer. These inorganic slabs are intercalated with imidazolium cations. Quinuclidinium (Q) and pyrazinium (Pyz) cations can also be incorporated into the hybrid structure type to give QVOF and PyzVOF analogues, respectively. The highly frustrated topology of the inorganic slabs, along with the quantum nature of the magnetism associated with V4+, means that these materials are excellent candidates to host exotic magnetic ground states, such as the highly sought quantum spin liquid. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of all samples suggest an absence of conventional long‐range magnetic order down to 2 K despite considerable antiferromagnetic exchange.
Divergent CH Insertion–Cyclization Cascades of N‐Allyl Ynamides
Authors: Adcock Holly V. , Chatzopoulou Elli , Davies Paul W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGold carbene reactivity patterns were accessed by ynamide insertion into a C(sp3)H bond. A substantial increase in molecular complexity occurred through the cascade polycyclization of N‐allyl ynamides to form fused nitrogen‐heterocycle scaffolds. Exquisite selectivity was observed despite several competing pathways in an efficient gold‐catalyzed synthesis of densely functionalized C(sp3)‐rich polycycles and a copper‐catalyzed synthesis of fused pyridine derivatives. The respective gold–keteniminium and ketenimine activation pathways have been explored through a structure–reactivity study, and isotopic labeling identified turnover‐limiting CH bond‐cleavage in both processes.
Synthesis of a Neutral Mixed‐Valence Diferrocenyl Carborane for Molecular Quantum‐Dot Cellular Automata Applications
Authors: Christie John A. , Forrest Ryan P. , Corcelli Steven A. , Wasio Natalie A. , Quardokus Rebecca C. , Brown Ryan , Kandel S. Alex , Lu Yuhui , Lent Craig S. , Henderson Kenneth W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe preparation of 7‐Fc+‐8‐Fc‐7,8‐nido‐[C2B9H10]− (Fc+FcC2B9−) demonstrates the successful incorporation of a carborane cage as an internal counteranion bridging between ferrocene and ferrocenium units. This neutral mixed‐valence FeII/FeIII complex overcomes the proximal electronic bias imposed by external counterions, a practical limitation in the use of molecular switches. A combination of UV/Vis‐NIR spectroscopic and TD‐DFT computational studies indicate that electron transfer within Fc+FcC2B9− is achieved through a bridge‐mediated mechanism. This electronic framework therefore provides the possibility of an all‐neutral null state, a key requirement for the implementation of quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) molecular computing. The adhesion, ordering, and characterization of Fc+FcC2B9− on Au(111) has been observed by scanning tunneling microscopy.
Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Quinoline Alkynylation
Authors: Pappoppula Mukesh , Cardoso Flavio S. P. , Garrett B. Owen , Aponick Aaron 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA highly enantioselective copper‐catalyzed alkynylation of quinolinium salts is reported. The reaction employs StackPhos, a newly developed imidazole‐based chiral biaryl P,N ligand, and copper bromide to effect a three‐component reaction between a quinoline, a terminal alkyne, and ethyl chloroformate. Under the reaction conditions, the desired products are delivered in high yields with ee values of up to 98 %. The transformation tolerates a wide range of functional groups with respect to both the alkyne and the quinoline starting materials and the products are easily transformed into useful synthons. Efficient, enantioselective syntheses of the tetrahydroquinoline alkaloids (+)‐galipinine, (+)‐angustureine, and (−)‐cuspareine are reported.
Produktion mariner Naturstoffe aus der Klasse der Bengamide in Myxobakterien: Biosynthese und Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Beziehungen
Authors: Wenzel Silke C. , Hoffmann Holger , Zhang Jidong , Debussche Laurent , Haag‐Richter Sabine , Kurz Michael , Nardi Frederico , Lukat Peer , Kochems Irene , Tietgen Heiko , Schummer Dietmar , Nicolas Jean‐Paul , Calvet Loreley , Czepczor Valerie , Vrignaud Patricia , Mühlenweg Agnes , Pelzer Stefan , Müller Rolf , Brönstrup Mark 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBengamide, aus marinen Schwämmen stammende und als Inhibitoren der Methionin‐Aminopeptidase (MetAP) charakterisierte Naturstoffe, wurden intensiv als Wirkstoffe gegen Krebs erforscht. In einem multidisziplinären Forschungsprojekt haben wir die Bereitstellung von Bengamiden über Fermentation des terrestrischen Myxobakteriums M. virescens, die Aufklärung ihrer Biosynthese und die Optimierung ihrer Eigenschaften als Arzneistoff‐Leitstrukturen untersucht. Die Charakterisierung des Biosyntheseweges zeigte auf, dass bakterielle Resistenz gegenüber Bengamiden durch Leu154 des myxobakteriellen MetAP‐Proteins vermittelt wird, und ermöglichte den Transfer des gesamten Biosynthesegenclusters in den geeigneteren Produktionsstamm M. xanthus DK1622. Eine Kombination aus Semisynthese mikrobiell gewonnener Bengamide und Totalsynthese führte zum optimierten Derivat 8 a. Die nanomolare zelluläre Wirksamkeit und die hohe metabolische Stabilität waren mit einer verbesserten Halbwertszeit in Mäusen sowie mit Antitumor‐Effizienz in einem Melanom‐Mausmodell verbunden.
Investigating alternative routes for semi‐aromatic polyamide salt preparation: The case of tetramethylenediammonium terephthalate (4T salt)
Authors: Porfyris Athanasios , Vouyiouka Stamatina , Papaspyrides Constantine , Rulkens Ruud , Grolman Eric , Vanden Poel Geert 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn the current article, the effect of different techniques was investigated on the preparation of tetramethylenediammonium terephthalate (4T salt), which consists of an industrially important precursor of high‐performance polyamides. In particular, 4T salt was synthesized through solution, slurry, and solvent‐free techniques. In each case the salt was isolated as a solid, correlating for the first time the salt preparation/isolation method with attained properties and morphology. This correlation led to a generalized comparison between all synthesized 4T salt grades, aiming at understanding the preparation mechanism of 4T salt. Accordingly, highly pure 4T salt, free of any unreacted diacid traces, can be only obtained from a clear salt solution either by cooling or by nonsolvent addition. Furthermore, by altering the crystallization conditions of the salt, thermal and morphological properties can be significantly affected, which further result in a qualitative correlation with the rate of subsequent direct solid‐state polymerization (DSSP). The DSSP reactions were carried out in the microscale of a thermogravimetric chamber, where the different 4T salt grades were heated isothermally until full conversion. Polyamide grades of different thermal and analytical properties were received, underlining that the quality of the salt is a corner stone for subsequent DSSP. These findings can be further exploited also to the DSSP of other semi‐aromatic polyamides. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 42987.
Blast furnace slags as functional fillers on rheological, thermal, and mechanical behavior of thermoplastics
Authors: Mostafa Abdelhamid , Laske Stephan , Pacher Gernot , Holzer Clemens , Flachberger Helmut , Krischey Elke , Fritz Bertram 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBlast furnace slags (BFS) is a secondary byproduct of iron industry, which has a combination of acidic and basic oxides and show a complex, multiphase structure. If appropriately tailored, BFS could be an effective functional filler, improving the property profile of thermoplastics such as polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS). As a raw material, the proposed filler may introduce both economic and ecological advantages, as it is considered an inexpensive secondary product rather than a natural resource. The current study aims at investigating the effect of incorporating BFS as a micro‐sized filler on the rheological, thermal, and mechanical behavior of PP and PS. BFS types in this study are air‐cooled, crystalline, and amorphous, grounded types. Both types are ground into 71, 40, and 20 μm batches and introduced in 10, 20, and 30 weight fractions via melt kneading. Mixtures are then formed into 4‐mm and 2‐mm thick plates via compression molding. Slight increase in rheological factors is observed with increasing filler loading. BFS hinders the crystallization of PP, resulting in slight increase of crystallization temperatures (Tc) and lowering of crystallization enthalpy (ΔHc). No significant effect of filler on transition temperatures (Tg) is reported. Mechanically, BFS increases the tensile modulus of PP, but decreases its strength. For PS formulations, a modest toughening effect is observed by slag filler. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43021.
Fabrication of PCL/β‐TCP scaffolds by 3D mini‐screw extrusion printing
Authors: Dávila J. L. , Freitas M. S. , Inforçatti Neto P. , Silveira Z. C. , Silva J. V. L. , d’Ávila M. A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTScaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL composites reinforced with β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) were manufactured aiming potential tissue engineering applications. They were fabricated using a three‐dimensional (3D) mini‐screw extrusion printing, a novel additive manufacturing process, which consists in an extrusion head coupled to a 3D printer based on the Fab@Home equipment. Thermal properties were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses. Scaffolds morphology were observed using scanning electron microscopy and computed microtomography; also, reinforcement presence was observed by X‐ray diffraction and the polymer chemical structure by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Mechanical properties under compression were obtained by using a universal testing machine and hydrophilic properties were studied by measuring the contact angle of water drops. Finally, scaffolds with 55% of porosity and a pore size of 450 μm have shown promising mechanical properties; the β‐TCP reinforcement improved mechanical and hydrophilic behavior in comparison with PCL scaffolds. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43031.
Development of antifungal films based on low‐density polyethylene and thyme oil for avocado packaging
Authors: Pillai Sreejarani Kesavan , Maubane Lesego , Sinha Ray Suprakas , Khumalo Vincent , Bill Malick , Sivakumar Dharini 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTTrilayer low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films were prepared by incorporating varying concentrations of thyme oil, as the antifungal active additive for avocado packaging. A comprehensive thermal, structural, mechanical, and functional characterization of the prepared films was carried out. Thermal stability of the film reduced with the addition of thyme oil in higher concentration, whereas the degree of crystallinity increased upto 2.5 wt % thyme oil loading. The elastic modulus and elongation at break of the films decreased in presence of thyme oil. However, the incorporation of thyme oil did not change the water vapor transmission characteristics of the original film. The antifungal activity of the films was tested against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causal organism of “anthracnose” postharvest disease in avocados. The results indicated that the films have great potential as antifungal packaging materials for avocado fruits. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43045.
Polyvinyl chloride film local isometric heat treatment for hidden 3D printing on polymer packaging
Authors: Kondratov Alexander P. , Volinsky Alex A. , Zhang Yi , Nikulchev Evgeny V. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTA method of 3D embossed printing is proposed where both point and line images can be printed on rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) shrink films without any consumables, such as paints, primers, dampening solutions, or washes. Embossed lettering and symbols on packaging are intended for people with poor vision, but capable of tactile marking recognition and reading Braille. This 3D printing is based on reversible deformation and stress relaxation in anisotropic glassy polymers by local isometric heat treatment of thermoplastic films under pressure. Films can be protected from counterfeiting by hidden markings due to time separation of information recording onto the film and displaying this information for visual or tactile reading. The results quantify the rate of internal stress relaxation in PVC shrink films at various stages of 3D printing, including tactile sign formation conditions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43046.
Eye Movements in Strategic Choice
Authors: Stewart Neil , Gächter Simon , Noguchi Takao , Mullett Timothy L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn risky and other multiattribute choices, the process of choosing is well described by random walk or drift diffusion models in which evidence is accumulated over time to threshold. In strategic choices, level‐k and cognitive hierarchy models have been offered as accounts of the choice process, in which people simulate the choice processes of their opponents or partners. We recorded the eye movements in 2 × 2 symmetric games including dominance‐solvable games like prisoner's dilemma and asymmetric coordination games like stag hunt and hawk–dove. The evidence was most consistent with the accumulation of payoff differences over time: we found longer duration choices with more fixations when payoffs differences were more finely balanced, an emerging bias to gaze more at the payoffs for the action ultimately chosen, and that a simple count of transitions between payoffs—whether or not the comparison is strategically informative—was strongly associated with the final choice. The accumulator models do account for these strategic choice process measures, but the level‐k and cognitive hierarchy models do not. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
An off‐the‐shelf, authentic, and versatile undergraduate molecular biology practical course
Authors: Whitworth David E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe provide a prepackaged molecular biology course, which has a broad context and is scalable to large numbers of students. It is provided complete with technical setup guidance, a reliable assessment regime, and can be readily implemented without any development necessary. Framed as a forensic examination of blue/white cloning plasmids, the course is a versatile workbench, adaptable to different degree subjects, and can be easily modified to undertake novel research as part of its teaching activities. Course activities include DNA extraction, RFLP, PCR, DNA sequencing, gel electrophoresis, and transformation, alongside a range of basic microbiology techniques. Students particularly appreciated the relevance of the practical to professional practice and the authenticity of the experimental work. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43:434–440, 2015.
Internalization and Accumulation in Dendritic Cells of a Small pH‐Activatable Glycomimetic Fluorescent Probe as Revealed by Spectral Detection
Authors: Arsov Zoran , Švajger Urban , Mravljak Janez , Pajk Stane , Kotar Anita , Urbančič Iztok , Štrancar Janez , Anderluh Marko 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDC‐SIGN, an antigen‐uptake receptor in dendritic cells (DCs), has a clear role in the immune response but, conversely, can also facilitate infection by providing entry of pathogens into DCs. The key action in both processes is internalization into acidic endosomes and lysosomes. Molecular probes that bind to DC‐SIGN could thus provide a useful tool to study internalization and constitute potential antagonists against pathogens. So far, only large molecules have been used to directly observe DC‐SIGN‐mediated internalization into DCs by fluorescence visualization. We designed and synthesized an appropriate small glycomimetic probe. Two particular properties of the probe were exploited: activation in a low‐pH environment and an aggregation‐induced spectral shift. Our results indicate that small glycomimetic molecules could compete with antigen/pathogen for binding not only outside but also inside the DC, thus preventing the harmful action of pathogens that are able to intrude into DCs, for example, HIV‐1.
An in vitro porcine model evaluating a novel stent retriever for thrombectomy of the common carotid artery
Authors: Jiang Yongjun , Li Yun , Xu Xiaomeng , Yu Yongyi , Liu Wenhua , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesThis study aimed to test the safety and efficiency of a novel stent retriever, RECO, in a swine model.BackgroundThe stent retrievers show great benefit for patients with acute ischemic stroke.MethodsThe framework of the stent was optimized. The proximal stent was closed; mechanical connection replaced the electrolysis connection and the push wire located on the longitudinal axis. After tests in vitro, the safety and thrombectomy efficiency of RECO device were evaluated by angiography and histological analysis in a swine model with placement of experimental soft or hard thrombi.ResultsNo device‐related thrombi were observed on the perioperative term or 1 month later. The endothelial cells were intact and the smooth muscle cells did not migrate or proliferate. Device‐related vasospasm was detected in 9% vessels undergoing the procedure and was alleviated after delivery of a dose of nitroglycerin. The RECO device demonstrated a high recanalization rate in the target vessels with a mean of 1.3 runs. No residual thrombi were observed under the DSA or microscope.ConclusionsOur data indicated that RECO device was a novel, safe and effective stent based clot retriever. A phase IIa clinical trial, RESTORE, is undergoing (NCT01983644). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.