bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extent and Effectiveness of Differentiated Supervision Among Junior High Schools in Llanera District
Authors: Corpuz Kevin , Halili Christian 
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the extent and effectiveness ofdifferentiated supervision in the junior high schools of LlaneraDistrict about teachers' socio-demographic characteristics andteaching performance. The quantitative research method wasused in this study. Total population sampling was employedwith 84 junior high school teachers as respondents. Theresearchers employed a descriptive-correlational design todetermine the significant relationship between variables. Theoutcome of the study revealed that most of the respondents weremiddle-aged and could still do much improvement in theirteaching; dominated by females, married after securing apermanent position, Teacher III, which implies that they werealready promoted to higher positions with Master's degree unitswhich help them in their promotion, and with an average of 6years in the service which means that more than half wereexperienced. School heads actively employ evaluations toprovide meaningful feedback to teachers based on theirindividual needs and level of expertise. The teachers alsoperceived the four approaches as moderately effective, whichindicates that they truly helped them in their role as teachers.The majority had outstanding performance ratings, meaningthey performed their duties and responsibilities satisfactorily.Teachers' positions and years in service were significantly related to their teaching performance, which means that thehigher the position and the longer the years in service, the betterthe teaching performance. The extent of implementation ofcollaborative and non-directive differentiated supervisionamong schools was significantly related to the performance ofteachers, which implies that when mentors and mentees employcollaborative and non-directive approaches more frequently,their performance improves. The effectiveness of the directiveapproach was also found to be significantly related to theperformance of teachers, which connotes that the performanceof teachers will be enhanced when supervisors actively direct,coach, and set an example for them.
Health Implications of Volcanic Ash and Gases from Eruptions at Mount Nyiragongo and Mount Cameroon, Central Africa
Authors: Wantim Mabel N. , Badriyo Innocent A. , Balgawa Louis M. , Lois Mformem Egbe , Peter Nde-Fon , Karume Katcho , Yenshu Emmanuel V. , Ayonghe Samuel N. 
Published: July 2024

Aims: To assess the prevalence of respiratory, ocular, and skin diseases in communities exposed to volcanic hazards at the flanks of Mount Nyiragongo (MN) and Mount Cameroon (MC).
Study Design: This study utilized a mixed-method approach, incorporating focus group discussions (FGDs), questionnaire surveys, and a review of outpatient department (OPD) registers.
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted between 2017 and 2019 in Goma and Karisimbi Municipalities (DR Congo) and the Limbe Health District (Cameroon).
Methodology: Two workshops were held in Goma and Batoke with 40 participants each. Supplementary data were collected through questionnaires from 738 participants in Goma and 400 in Limbe. Hospital data on respiratory, ocular, skin, and gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from 11 health facilities in Goma, Karisimbi, Nyiragongo, Sake, and Limbe, covering the years 1997 to 2006. The study focused on the 2002 MN and 1999/2000 MC eruptions.
Results: Significant increases in respiratory diseases (asthma and bronchitis) were observed, with over 4000 cases in MN and affecting over 30% of the population in MC. Ocular diseases (conjunctivitis and blindness) saw over 800 cases, impacting more than 25% of the population. Skin diseases (dermatitis) recorded over 600 cases, affecting over 35% of the population. Increased incidences of diarrhoea (79.96%) and gastroenteritis (75.9%) were reported in MN communities.
Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory, ocular, skin, and gastrointestinal diseases varied across health districts, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.
When Interrogative Self‐talk Improves Task Performance: The Role of Answers to Self‐posed Questions
Authors: Puchalska‐Wasyl Małgorzata M. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryNearly all the self‐talk cues studied so far have been self‐statements. However, the findings of Senay, Albarracin, and Noguchi suggest that interrogative self‐talk produces better task performance than declarative one. Two of the experiments reported here were meant to replicate that study, but the expected differences were not confirmed. Experiment 3 showed that if a self‐posed question about future behavior was answered positively, task performance was better than in groups exposed either to the self‐statement ‘I will do it’ or to a negative answer following the question. However, these differences occurred only in those who self‐reported the awareness of the impact of self‐talk on their thought processes. This effect and the possible reasons why between‐group differences were not found in Experiments 1 and 2 are discussed. An alternative explanation for the results of Experiment 3 is also proposed beside that stressing the impact of internal answer. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population level differences in adult body mass emerge in infancy and early childhood: Evidence from a global sample of low and lower‐income countries
Authors: Hadley Craig , Hruschka Daniel J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMany studies have linked measures of adult body shape and mass in ancient and contemporary populations to ecogeographical variables such as temperature and latitude. These results tend to support Bergmann's rule, which posits that bodies will be relatively less slender for their height in colder climates and more slender in warmer climates. Less well explored is the ontogeny of these population‐level differences. Here we use data on infants and children from 46 low and lower income countries to test whether children's weight for height is associated with measures of temperature and latitude. We also test the hypothesis that children living in areas with greater pathogen prevalence will be lighter for their height because of life history trade‐offs between investment in immune function and growth. Finally, we test whether population specific adult body mass predicts infant and child body mass, and whether this is independent of ecogeographical variables. Our results show that maximum monthly temperature explains 17% of children's weight for height while adult population‐level body mass explains ∼44% (Table ). The measures of pathogen prevalence explain little of the variation in children's body shape (8%; P > 0.05). Our results suggest that population differences are consistent with Bergmann's rule but parental body shape explains more variance. Moreover, these population‐level differences arise early in development, suggesting that any possible environmental influences occur in utero and/or result from epigenetic or population genetic differences. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:232–238, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Struktur und Reaktivität später Übergangsmetall‐ η3‐Benzylkomplexe
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Czabaniuk Lara C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDie Koordination von Übergangsmetallen an organische Einheiten kann zu Komplexen mit faszinierenden und unerwarteten Bindungsmustern führen. Untersuchungen von Benzylmetall‐Komplexen haben die Möglichkeit einer η3‐Koordination ergeben, die zu einem desaromatisierten Ring führt. Als Zwischenstufen in Katalysezyklen bieten diese Komplexe zudem Einblicke in Reaktionsmechanismen. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Synthese und Charakterisierung dieser Komplexe mit späten Übergangsmetallen sowie die nachfolgende Entwicklung katalytischer Methoden zur Funktionalisierung der Benzylposition einschließlich asymmetrischer Varianten besprochen.
A New Type of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropane Reactivity: The Generation of Formal 1,2‐ and 1,4‐Dipoles
Authors: Novikov Roman A. , Tarasova Anna V. , Korolev Victor A. , Timofeev Vladimir P. , Tomilov Yury V. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA new type of donor–acceptor cyclopropane reactivity has been discovered. On treatment with anhydrous GaCl3, they react as sources of even‐numbered 1,2‐ and 1,4‐dipoles instead of the classical odd‐numbered 1,3‐dipoles due to migration of positive charge from the benzyl center. This type of reactivity has been demonstrated for new reactions, namely, cyclodimerizations of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes that occur as [2+2]‐, [3+2]‐, [4+2]‐, [5+2]‐, [4+3]‐, and [5+4]‐annulations. The [4+2]‐annulation of 2‐arylcyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates to give polysubstituted 2‐aryltetralins has been developed in a preparative version that provides exceedingly high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity and high yields. The strategy for selective hetero‐combination of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes was also been developed. The mechanisms of the discovered reactions involving the formation of a comparatively stable 1,2‐ylide intermediate have been studied.
Ruthenium‐katalysierte gekreuzte dehydrierende ortho‐N‐Carbazolierung von Diarylaminen: ein vielseitiger Zugang zu unsymmetrischen Diaminen
Authors: Louillat Marie‐Laure , Biafora Agostino , Legros Fabien , Patureau Frederic W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDie dehydrierende C‐N‐Kreuzkupplung unter ortho‐N‐Carbazolierung nichtgeschützter sekundärer Anilinderivate gelang mit einem Ruthenium‐Katalysator und O2 als terminalem Oxidationsmittel. Die Reaktionen verlaufen als intermolekulare Heterokupplungen und sind selektiv für die ortho‐Position.
Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Macrocycles Formed by Radical Cation Dimerization: The Role of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding and Solvent
Authors: Wang Wei‐Kun , Chen Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan‐Wei , Liu Yi , Li Zhan‐Ting 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCompounds 1 a and 1 b were prepared by appending two tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units to an aromatic amide segment that is driven by six or two intramolecular NH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds to adopt a folded conformation. UV/Vis absorption experiments revealed that if the TTF units were oxidized to TTF.+ radical cations, the two compounds could form a stable single molecular noncovalent macrocycle in less polar dichloromethane or dichloroethane or a bimolecular noncovalent macrocycle in a binary mixture of dichloromethane with a more polar solvent owing to remarkably enhanced dimerization of the TTF.+ units. The stability of the (TTF.+)2 dimer was evaluated through UV/Vis absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, and cyclic voltammetry experiments and also by comparing the results with those of control compound 2. The results showed that introduction of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds played a crucial role in promoting the stability of the (TTF.+)2 dimer and thus the noncovalent macrocyclization of the two backbones in both uni‐ and bimolecular manners.
Correlation of echocardiographic and angiographic measurements of the pulmonary valve annulus in pulmonary stenosis
Authors: Chubb H. , Ward A. , Worme A. , Qureshi S.A. , Rosenthal E. , Krasemann T. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesThe pulmonary valve (PV) annulus is routinely measured angiographically in PV stenosis prior to balloon dilation. We sought to establish whether this radiation exposure is justified, or whether echocardiographic measurements prior to the procedure are sufficient to guide balloon selection.BackgroundPrevious studies have found a strong correlation between echocardiographic and angiographic measurements of the PV annulus. However, error of measurement and its implication for procedural practice has not been explored.MethodsA total of 90 procedures in 84 patients were analyzed, at a median age 7.6 months (range 1 day to 14.2 years). The contemporaneous echocardiographic and angiographic measurements were recorded, and the original echocardiograms were re‐measured in the 72 available cases by two independent reviewers.ResultsThere was a good correlation between the two measurement methods (R2 = 0.87). However, the echocardiographic PV measurements were smaller on average, with a significant variation in that discrepancy (mean ratio 0.941 (±0.16)). There was no significant reduction in error if extreme measurements (PV annulus z‐score <−3) were excluded (P = 0.09), or if the reviewed echocardiographic measurements were used (P = 0.58).ConclusionsThere is an unacceptable discrepancy between the measurement techniques: 95% of patients are predicted to have an echocardiographic measurement error between −37% and +26%. Therefore, there is no correction factor that could be employed to allow safe selection of balloon size, and balloon pulmonary valvoplasty without angiographic PV measurement cannot be advocated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expanding the Palette of Phenanthridinium Cations
Authors: Cairns Andrew G. , Senn Hans Martin , Murphy Michael P. , Hartley Richard C. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract5,6‐Disubstituted phenanthridinium cations have a range of redox, fluorescence and biological properties. Some properties rely on phenanthridiniums intercalating into DNA, but the use of these cations as exomarkers for the reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide, and as inhibitors of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) do not require intercalation. A versatile modular synthesis of 5,6‐disubstituted phenanthridiniums that introduces diversity by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, imine formation and microwave‐assisted cyclisation is presented. Computational modelling at the density functional theory (DFT) level reveals that the novel displacement of the aryl halide by an acyclic N‐alkylimine proceeds by an SNAr mechanism rather than electrocyclisation. It is found that the displacement of halide is concerted and there is no stable Meisenheimer intermediate, provided the calculations consistently use a polarisable solvent model and a diffuse basis set.
Therapeutic Alliance in the Personal Therapy of Graduate Clinicians: Relationship to the Alliance and Outcomes of Their Patients
Authors: Gold Stephanie H. , Hilsenroth Mark J. , Kuutmann Klara , Owen Jesse J. 
Published: February 2014

This is the first study to explore the relationship between aspects of a therapists' personal therapy and the subsequent psychotherapy process and outcome they perform. The participants were 14 graduate clinicians with various experiences in personal therapy, who treated 54 outpatients engaged in short‐term psychodynamic psychotherapy at a university‐based community clinic. Results demonstrated non‐significant relationships between the duration of personal therapy as well as a graduate clinician's overall alliance in their personal therapy with alliance ratings made by themselves as therapists and their patients, as well as the number of psychotherapy sessions attended by patients. However, the clinician's personal therapy alliance was significant and positively related to their patients' rating of outcome. Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between the degree of perceived helpfulness in their personal therapy and how these clinicians rated alliances, as the therapist, with their patients. The current findings suggest a relationship between a clinician's personal therapy alliance and the outcome of treatments they conduct. Implications for clinical training and practice as well as future research are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message
While graduate clinician's personal therapy alliance was not significantly related to their patients' ratings of alliance, it was related to their patients' ratings of outcome.
Trainee satisfaction with or quality of their personal therapy may be a more relevant than the amount or duration of their treatment in regard to the process and outcomes of their patients.
The findings from retrospective clinician surveys on the helpfulness of their personal therapy may not be entirely consistent with empirical examination of these issues.
The relation of personal therapy and outcome may work through improving the therapist's level of adaptive functioning (i.e., psychological‐relational‐emotional health) and future research should examine this simpler, more parsimonious, explanation for our findings.
Does total manual rescreening of negative pap tests screened by the thinprep imaging system add any value?
Authors: Martin Erica L. , Michael Claire W. , Bomeisl Philip E. , Shyu Susan , Wasman Jay K. 
Published: February 2014

We compared the performance of utilizing the ThinPrep® Imaging System (TIS) according to the manufacturer's directions to screening with the TIS plus total manual rescreening in Pap tests that were initially diagnosed as NIL to determine whether manual rescreening decreases the false‐negative rate for epithelial lesions.Three thousand three hundred forty cases were diagnosed as NIL on the 22 fields of view selected by the TIS and subsequently manually rescreened by the same cytotechnologist. Six hundred seventy‐four cases were sent to a cytopathologist for final diagnosis based on review criteria. Biopsy follow‐up and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) test results were noted if available for cases with a diagnosis of ASCUS or above.Three thousand one hundred fifty‐nine (94.6%) were confirmed NIL and 181 cases were diagnosed as abnormal on manual rescreen. There were 147 ASCUS, 6 ASCH, 9 AGC, 19 LSIL, and 0 HSIL cases. The overall false‐negative rate of screening for atypia/SIL with the TIS was 5.4%. Of the 147 cases with HPV results, 43 (29%) were positive. Only 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 was found on biopsy follow‐up, in a case of ASCUS with a positive HPV.Based on our data, the TIS for screening of Pap tests is reliable in NIL cases as compared to total manual rescreening. The majority of the false‐negative cases were diagnosed as ASCUS on subsequent review, with 0 HSIL cases. Our results confirm that the TIS is highly accurate in excluding HSIL, negating the need for total manual rescreening of NIL Pap tests. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:834–839. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcription factor AP2 epsilon (Tfap2e) regulates neural crest specification in xenopus
Authors: Hong Chang‐Soo , Devotta Arun , Lee Young‐Hoon , Park Byung‐Yong , Saint‐Jeannet Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTTranscription factors Pax3 and Zic1 are two important regulators of cell fate decision at the neural plate border, where they act synergistically to promote neural crest (NC) formation. To understand the role of these factors in NC development, we performed a microarray analysis to identify downstream targets of Pax3 and Zic1 in Xenopus embryos. Among the genes identified was a member of transcription factor activator protein 2 (Tfap2) family, Tfap2 epsilon (Tfap2e). Tfap2e is first expressed at early neurula stage in NC progenitors and Rohon–Beard sensory neurons, and persists in a subset of migrating cranial NC cells as they populate the pharyngeal arches. This is in contrast to other species in which Tfap2e is not detected in the early NC lineage. Tfap2e morpholino‐mediated knockdown results in a loss of NC progenitors and an expansion of the neural plate. Tfap2e is also sufficient to activate NC‐specific genes in animal cap explants, and gain‐of‐function experiments in the whole embryo indicate that Tfap2e can promote NC formation. We propose that Tfap2e is a novel player in the gene regulatory network controlling NC specification in Xenopus downstream of Pax3 and Zic1. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 894–906, 2014
Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Studies of a Dimeric Europium(III) β‐Diketonate Complex Containing [3‐(2‐Pyridyl)‐1‐pyrazolyl]acetate
Authors: Coelho Ana C. , Gomes Ana C. , Fernandes José A. , Paz Filipe A. Almeida , Braga Susana S. , Rino Luís , Pereira Luiz , Pillinger Martyn , Gonçalves Isabel S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe homodinuclear europium(III) β‐diketonate complex [Eu2(bta)4(pypzCH2COO)2] (1) {bta = 1‐benzoyl‐3,3,3‐trifluoroacetonate, pypzCH2COO = [3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1‐pyrazolyl]acetate} was isolated after recrystallization of the crude product obtained from the reaction of [Eu(bta)3(H2O)2] with one equivalent of the ligand phenyl[3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1‐pyrazolyl]acetate (pypzCH2CO2C6H5). A single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study confirmed that during the recrystallization the hydrolysis of the ester group in pypzCH2CO2C6H5 took place to give pypzCH2COO–, which culminated in the crystallization of dinuclear complex 1 in which each Eu3+ ion is coordinated to two O,O′‐chelated bta– groups and one N,N′‐chelated pyrazolylpyridine ligand, and the two metal centers are linked by tridentate chelating–bridging (μ2‐η2,η1) carboxylate groups. The luminescence properties of 1 were investigated by steady‐state photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation, and time‐resolved PL.
A Label‐Free Electrochemical Aptasensor for Thrombin Using a Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) Casted Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE)
Authors: Park Kyungsoon , Kwon Seong Jung , Kwak Juhyoun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn electrochemical aptasensor with a thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) was developed using a single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) casted GCE. The TBA was immobilized on SWCNTs through π‐stacking without any special modification, resulting in helical wrapping to the surface. In the presence of thrombin, the TBA binds with thrombin and the TBA concentration on the SWCNT surface decreases. The remaining amount of TBA can be analyzed by an electrochemical method without any label, because the guanine bases of the nucleic acid are measurable by electrochemical methods. The electrochemical oxidation of guanine nucleotides was enhanced by electrocatalytic mediation using Ru(bpy)32+ for higher sensitivity and reduction of the overpotential for electrochemical detection.
Implications of interacting microscale habitat heterogeneity and disturbance events on Folsomia candida (Collembola) population dynamics: A modeling approach
Authors: Meli Mattia , Palmqvist Annemette , Forbes Valery E. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The authors implemented a fractal algorithm in a spatially explicit individual-based model to generate landscapes with different microscale patterns of habitat fragmentation and disturbance events and studied their effects on population dynamics of the collembolan Folsomia candida. Among human activities that may cause habitat destruction, the present study focused on agricultural practices. Soil organisms living in a cultivated field are subjected to habitat loss and fragmentation as well as disturbance events generated by the application of agrochemicals and related activities. In addition, they are exposed to natural stressors, which might influence the effects of chemicals on populations. The authors designed simulation experiments that incorporate these 3 factors and investigated their effects on populations of F. candida in the presence or absence of behavioral avoidance of contaminated habitat. Simulation results show that spatial autocorrelation of contamination has different effects on population growth and equilibrium size according to the percentage of clean habitat. This pattern changes when avoidance behavior is excluded from the model, as does population recovery after a series of disturbance events. The model suggests that a combination of heterogeneous contamination and multiple stressors can lead to unexpected effects of toxicants at the population level. Individual-based models can help to understand these effects and therefore add ecological realism to environmental risk assessment of chemicals and can help to explore the effects of different risk management options. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1508–1516. © 2014 SETAC