bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Multiple Digital Assets to Impact Overall Production Business: A Model Framework for Achieving Strategic Business Intelligence
Authors: Ashley S. , G.Bonilla J. C. , Eldred M. , Wood L. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Digital Oilfield (DOF) solutions generally consist of leveraging real-time asset awareness, in combination with intelligent analytical tools and collaborative business processes to continuously optimize production. Data is gathered and manipulated to create information, which in turn develops into knowledge for decision support. Knowledge is the critical piece and having the ability to exploit it to the benefit of the organisation should be fundamental. This is the essence of Business Intelligence (BI) and the core of the DOF value proposition.
The value of BI however is difficult to quantify. Some reasons include that it is often lumped together with other intangibles in valuation approaches, or the fact there is often an inability to distinguish between the effects of different knowledge assets. Irrespective of the reason, the challenge remains - and most often it is addressed at the organizational level where the DOF implementation occurs - namely, a given field or asset. Examining that level, it is easier to correlate DOF with an increase in production, increase in efficiency, or knowledge capture for a particular asset team. However, as one company implements evermore DOF solutions across multiple assets - incurring increasing costs along the way - questions arise concerning the overall value of the total investment from a corporate perspective. Typical questions include: What is the impact of all the DOF implementations on the overall production business? What is the value proposition to the company as a whole? How is the aggregate value measured? Is DOF something that should be implemented and standardized across the organization as part of the corporate strategic vision? What are the implications to the organizational structure with regard to shifting from a functional to a collaborative decision making paradigm?
This paper presents a recommended structure and development methodology for creating a DOF initiative framework that integrates multiple implementations to realize value that goes beyond asset level production optimization: taking it to a whole new level by achieving not only tactical, but strategic business intelligence.
Effect of Metal Ions on the Rheology and Thermal Properties of Polymeric Lost Circulation Material
Authors: Omer Mohammed , Sultan Abdullah 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Drilling oil wells is burdened with a large number of technical and economical problems that makes it unprofitable or difficult to further develop some of the fields. One of the most commonly occurring problems during drilling an oil well is Lost Circulation. Lost circulation is the continuous loss of drilling fluid when it encounters fractures, high permeable zones or pore spaces, during drilling. Lost circulation can lead to blowout endangering the life, and causing serious damages to the drilling rig. Polymeric materials such as Polyacrylamide can be used as Lost Circulation Materials (LCMs) to seal the fractures and prevent the drilling fluid from entering into them.
Metal ions such as Magnesium, Manganese and Calcium can be injected with the drilling fluid to increase the viscosity or to increase flexiblity of polymer and form a gel that seals the loss zone. This paper will demonstrate the influence of these counterions on viscosity, thermal stability, and elastic modulus of the Polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer which is used as a main component in LCM. It has been observed that the concentration of counterions has noticeable effect on the rheological properties of PAM solution. On comparison of the results of viscosity between pure 1% wt concentration of PAM and that for a mixture consisting of PAM with 0.95 wt% and counterions with 0.05 wt%, there was a huge viscosity loss. For solutions with Counterions Ca, Mg and Mn2+ at 0.05 wt% concentration the viscosity decreased by 42.02%, 39.28%, 31.06% and 10.79%, respectively as compared with viscosity of pure 1 wt% PAM. This paper explained the chemistry behind such precipitation. Additionally this paper also presents the research findings of the effect of these counterions on the thermal stability of the PAM. The thermal stability of pure PAM considered was 70°C, but in the presence of the Ca, Mn and Mg ions, the thermal stability reduced.
Wellbore Asphaltene Cleanout Using a New Solvent Formulation in a Horizontal Open Hole Oil Producer in Carbonate Reservoir of North Ghawar Field–Scripting a Success Story
Authors: Murtaza S. , Al-Ruwaily A. A. , Taqi A. A. , Qahtani S. S. , Chacon Alejandro , Gonzalez Alexys Jose , Bustamante Ernesto 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
An organic deposit cleanout job was successfully performed on a horizontal openhole Arab-D reservoir oil well and a high oil rate was restored from the dead well. The well was treated with a proprietary chemical solvent using bullheading and coiled tubing (CT) jetting technique to have maximum coverage of the wellbore from the tubing to long open hole horizontal sections. The treatment performed for this job representedthe first application of this chemical in a carbonate field of North Ghawar.
A few wells in this area, lying within the boundary of a gas cap, have experienced asphaltene/paraffin problems that resulted in productivity decline and wellbore inaccessibility. A high gas-oil ratio (GOR) has been thought to be the main reason for asphaltene/paraffin precipitation inside the wellbore and near the formation. Organic depositswere observed to have accumulated in the wellhead and shallow tubing depth.
This well was drilled in 2007 on the periphery of the south gas cap of the field and died after being on production for three years at a relative low watercut. The well was reported with a high GOR and water cut around 2% to 3% before dying. Analysis of a downhole sample confirmed 100% hydrocarbon with 81% asphaltic presence. The asphaltene/paraffin deposition was identified as the main reason for the death of this well.
Chemical/solvent treatment using a CT jetting/pulsating mechanism was employed to have a maximum benefit. The solvent was proven in the lab to be very effective in dissolving asphaltene/paraffin and had a higher flash point. The job was performed in two stages. In the first stage, about one tubing volume of the solvent was bullheaded and left for soaking for 24 hours. In the second stage, the solvent was placed using 2" CT in the open hole section.
This paper describes in detail the nature of the asphaltene problem in this area, the formation mechanism, treatment selection, design and execution, and future prevention approach to avoid recurrence.
New Numerical and Analytical Models to Quantify the Near-Wellbore Damage due to Sulfur Deposition in Sour Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Mahmoud M. A. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The deposition of elemental sulfur as a solid phase will result in plugging the pore space available for gas flow and reduce the reservoir productivity. Elemental sulfur also can be deposited as a liquid phase if the reservoir temperature was greater than 115°C. The liquid sulfur will not flow at the same velocity as gas and in turn the gas flow will be restricted by the settled sulfur due to the huge difference between the liquid sulfur density and gas (Could be 20 times or more in certain cases). For the isothermal conditions in the reservoir, the reduction in reservoir pressure below a critical value will cause the elemental sulfur to deposit in the formation, and in turn the gas well productivity will be affected. Accurate prediction of sulfur deposition in the reservoir will help in better manage sour gas reservoirs with potential sulfur deposition problems.
In this paper new analytical and numerical models were developed to predict the effect of sulfur deposition on the damage of the near-wellbore. The damage will be quantified through the investigation of the effect of sulfur deposition on the skin damage value, relative permeability of the gas phase, and the change in rock wettability due to sulfur deposition especially in the near-wellbore region. The main objective of these models is to investigate the effect of radial distance on formation damage. Different rock and fluid properties accurate correlation were used in this model for better results prediction. Previous studies did not consider the change in gas properties with pressure, and numerically modeled the sulfur deposition as a condensate in a gas condensate reservoir. In this paper will consider r the sulfur adsorption and the actual physical properties of the sulfur will be used in the developed model. The optimum gas flow velocity will be determined based on the sulfur solubility.
Analytical and numerical solutions show that the deposition of sulfur was affected by the radial distance from the wellbore and sulfur solubility change as a function of the pressure drop. The numerical and analytical models showed good match in modeling the sulfur deposition in the near-wellbore area. Sulfur deposition was found to have a great effect on the rock wettability, and in turn the gas production will be affected. The model can be used to predict the critical flow velocity that the gas can flow without precipitating sulfur. The optimum gas flow velocity was estimated to be a range that maximizes the sulfur solubility in the gas.
Modern Practices in Estimation of Explored Petroleum Resources in Sedimentary Basins Including CBM Fields
Authors: Dani K. C. , Baskaran V. K. , Varyani S. , Kumar K. , Takru Loveraj 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The estimation of resource includes all possible accumulation of oil & gas on the basis of the size, value of the reserves and the quality of oil & gas. The two interrelated studies are qualitative and quantitative estimation. The qualitative estimation reflects the geological model of the area and identified spatial variation of geological factors, favourable for generation and accumulation of hydrocarbons.
The quantitative prognosis is an expression of theoretical knowledge and observed pattern with the help of parameters which can be measured, collected and systematized. The distribution of hydrocarbon resources in the sedimentary basins is a fundamental requirement to plan the rationale of exploration and conversion of the resources into in-place hydrocarbon in future. However they provide an order of magnitude of estimate of potential, which is accurate enough to allow resource planning, and rational investment decisions.
The estimation of prognostic resources is based on the results of generalization of geological, geophysical, geochemical and hydro-geological investigations as well as on analogy of studied fields within the limits of the area under estimation with help of methods like William W. Mallory (1975) method and R.W. Jones (1975) factor model. Reserve estimation techniques include volumetric, material balance, decline curve analysis, simulation studies and geophysical techniques.
Inputs for CBM initially in place (CIIP) estimation include geological parameters, coal bed methane (CBM) specific parameters and the production history. CIIP will be classified as Proved and Unproved categories. The Unproved portion will further be classified as Probable and Possible categories. Reserve and Resource estimates are inherently uncertain. The classification system and the reporting standards differ widely. There is no universally accepted global standard. But SPE, WPC and AAPG definitions are most widely in use. UNFC a flexible framework that is possibly consistent with SPE, WPC and AAPG.
Implementing Seismic Colored Inversion to Enhance Reservoir Property Estimation in Frontier Exploration Areas: A Case Study in Central Saudi Arabia, Unayzah Reservoir
Authors: Nour Abdoulshakour , Al-Awfi Sami 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Seismic Inversion methods have been in use in the industry for over 46 years. The earliest form of seismic inversion simply transformed seismic data to P-impedance, which is the product of density and P-wave velocity. The result was then used to predict reservoir properties such as lithology and porosity to better characterize reservoirs. This, however, proofed to be difficult as the P-impedance velocity also responds to the inseparable effect of reservoir fluids, lithology and porosity. The introduction of S-Impedance, which is less susceptible to the effects of fluid and lithology, made the results less ambiguous. Modern inversion uses algorithms that account for wavelet amplitude and phase spectra, which improved its utility in various reservoirs.
There are several types of Inversion algorithms used in the industry. Sparse Spike inversion aims at explaining the seismic reflectivity with the minimum set of layers. It can generate both relative and absolute inversion. In this type of inversion the contribution of the logs (low impedance) and the seismic (high impedance) is clearly defined. Model-based inversion is another class of inversion technique. This class of algorithms tries to achieve resolution beyond the seismic band by using impedance logs in the model. It also utilizes interpretations like faults and horizons to produce better result, which means extra work is need. There is also stochastic inversion algorithms which produce high resolution, non-unique inversion cubes and thus may take more time. However, they enable statistical analyses of these solutions. Other forms of inversion include colored inversion and inversion by trace integration (Pendral, 2001).
The exploration of frontier areas characterized by complex geology and sparse well control requires fast, iterative, intuitive, and accurate methods to estimate reservoir properties. Traditional full-band seismic inversion is time consuming and typically requires the expertise of an inversion specialist. Also the quality of the inversion results islimited by the lack of well control, which is required to construct an accurate background (low frequency) impedance model. The seismic colored inversion method has proven to be a novel method that provides both speed and accuracy in delineating reservoir properties across vast frontier areas with few well controls.
Evaluation of Residual Oil Saturation in the Secondary Gas Cap of a Mature Carbonate Reservoir from Multi-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Logging
Authors: Ofield W. P. , Al-Haddad A. , Saldungaray P. J. , Bachman H. N. , Ur-Rehman S. , Azam H. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Tatweer Petroleum is a joint venture established in the Kingdom of Bahrain with the mission to reactivate the Bahrain field. One of the main oil producing reservoirs in the field is Mauddud, a shallow-water Cretaceous limestone. The reservoir has been producing for several decades with pressure support from crestal gas injection, thus a large secondary gas cap has developed covering the upper half of the reservoir. There is evidence that this section is preferentially oil-wet, with high Residual Oil Saturation (Sor). Tatweer’s challenge is to quantify the Sor in the gas cap and design an EOR scheme to improve the oil recovery.
Conventional resistivity, neutron, and density log methods can be used to compute the water and hydrocarbon volumes. However, the low formation water salinity combined with the uncertainty in the Archie coefficients and neutron-density end-points result in insufficient saturation accuracy. In this paper we will focus on the integration of conventional logs with advanced multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis to overcome the limitations.
Modern NMR logging tools perform specialized acquisition sequences featuring a combination of polarization times, number of echoes and variable echo spacings in order to characterize the formation fluids simultaneously in T2 (Transverse Relaxation Time), in T1 (Longitudinal Relaxation Time) and D (Diffusivity). The result is reliable, continuous log quantification of fluid saturations based on the resulting D-T1 or D-T2 maps to subdivide the total NMR porosity into water, oil and gas volumes. In addition a crude oil viscosity can be derived from the oil signal. The water can be further divided into free and bound water. The methodology was applied in several Mauddud wells and shows results that are consistent with core data and a new petrophysical model developed by Tatweer based on rock types and saturation height modeling.
Calculation of Welding Trusses Overlap Joints Made of Rectangular Hollow Sections
Authors: Bródka J. , Broniewicz M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract The basis for calculating of resistance of welded RHS connections is provided by codes and international guidebooks. In the matter of calculation of the resistance of welded joints, the European standard contains very general recommendations without specifying the detailed calculation procedures, which (the) designers could use in their work. Estimation of resistance of welded semi-rigid joints is a complex issue because it requires determining of effective lengths of welds, their placement on the member walls with their different rigidity, and distribution of components of the load acting on each section of welds in various joint areas. In this paper an approximate assessment is suggested of the resistance of the welded connection in the overlapped K type joints, made of rectangular hollow sections.
Enantioselective Michael additions of aldehydes to nitroalkenes catalyzed with ionically tagged organocatalyst
Authors: Šebesta Radovan , Latika Attila 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Enantioselective organocatalytic Michael additions affords useful building blocks for many biologically and medicinally relevant compounds. Ionically-tagged diphenylprolinol silyl ether efficiently catalyzes several Michael additions of aldehydes to nitroalkenes in ionic liquids. The Michael additions work well in ionic liquids; yields up to 95% and enantioselectivities up to 95% ee were achieved. Furthermore, in some cases, the catalytic system was reusable.
Quartic del Pezzo surfaces over function fields of curves
Authors: Hassett Brendan , Tschinkel Yuri 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
We classify quartic del Pezzo surface fibrations over the projective line via numerical invariants, giving explicit examples for small values of the invariants. For generic such fibrations, we describe explicitly the geometry of spaces of sections to the fibration, and mappings to the intermediate Jacobian of the total space. We exhibit examples where these are birational, which has applications to arithmetic questions, especially over finite fields.
Maximal pseudocompact spaces and the Preiss-Simon property
Authors: Alas Ofelia , Tkachuk Vladimir , Wilson Richard 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
We study maximal pseudocompact spaces calling them also MP-spaces. We show that the product of a maximal pseudocompact space and a countable compact space is maximal pseudocompact. If X is hereditarily maximal pseudocompact then X × Y is hereditarily maximal pseudocompact for any first countable compact space Y. It turns out that hereditary maximal pseudocompactness coincides with the Preiss-Simon property in countably compact spaces. In compact spaces, hereditary MP-property is invariant under continuous images while this is not true for the class of countably compact spaces. We prove that every Fréchet-Urysohn compact space is homeomorphic to a retract of a compact MP-space. We also give a ZFC example of a Fréchet-Urysohn compact space which is not maximal pseudocompact. Therefore maximal pseudocompactness is not preserved by continuous images in the class of compact spaces.
The variational iteration method for solving linear and nonlinear ODEs and scientific models with variable coefficients
Authors: Wazwaz Abdul-Majid 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
We apply the variational iteration method (VIM) for solving linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. We use distinct Lagrange multiplier for each order of ODE. We emphasize the power of the method by testing a variety of models with distinct orders and variable coefficients. Scientific models, namely, the hybrid selection model, the Thomas-Fermi equation, the Kidder equation of the Unsteady flow of gas through a porous medium, and the Riccati equation, are studied as well.
A Rare Association of Celiac Disease with Turner Syndrome
Authors: Ramar Praveen , Roy Shuvendu 
Published: December 2013

Celiac Disease is an immune mediated enteropathy, with wide spectrum of extra intestinal manifestation and rare autoimmune and syndromic associations. We report one such exclusive extra intestinal manifestation of celiac disease with association of Turner syndrome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i3.7829 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 2013;33(3):218-219
A Rare Case Report of Siblings with Infantile and Late Infantile Forms of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses
Authors: Ghosh Moumita , Chowdhury Jasodhara , Das Shubhadeep , Banerjee Mukut , Chakraborty Swapna 
Published: December 2013

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses is a neurodegenerative disorder predominantly involving grey matter. The 4 classic forms are Infantile type, Late Infantile type, Juvenile type and Adult type. We present a case of 3 siblings of unrelated parents where the eldest had Infantile form of NCL, the second child had Late Infantile Form, and the third child is normal. Both children having different phenotypic presentations have curvilinear inclusion bodies on EM of axillary skin biopsy, low levels of tripeptidyl amino peptidase 1(TPP1) and normal levels of palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1(PPT1), a finding classically present in the Late Infantile variety involving CLN2 mutation. After extensive search we failed to find a case report describing a similar finding. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i3.7924 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 2013;33(3):220-222
Dyskeratosis congenita: a rare case report
Authors: Roy Banasree , Mondal Gobinda , Paul Dilip Kumar , Kalam Abul , Basu Kausambi 
Published: December 2013

Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare congenital disorder affecting mainly the integumentary system. It is a progressive disease with involvement of bone marrow. A triad of hyperpigmentation, nail dystrophy and leucoplakia are characteristic of this disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i3.8166 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 2013;33(3):223-226
Effects of Third Trimester Maternal Hemoglobin Upon Newborn Anthropometry
Authors: Madaan Gautam , Bhardwaj Anand Kumar , Narang Sunny , Sharma PD 
Published: December 2013

Introduction: Maternal anemia during pregnancy can lead to poor fetal outcome as risks of morbidity and mortality is increased. Materials and Methods: All Singleton pregnancies delivered in MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala from 5 April 2012 to 5 October 2012 fulfilling the criteria were included. The pregnant mothers were grouped into 4 categories according to the corresponding hemoglobin concentration: normal (=or>11), mild (10.9-9.0g/dl), moderate (8.9-7.0 g/dl), and severe anemia (less than 7 g/dl). Results: Out of 334 pregnant women included in the study 249 (74.6%) were found to be anemic. Among anemic mothers 9 had severe (2.7%), 51 had moderate (15.3%) and 189 had mild (56.6) anemia. The anthropometric measurements (birth weight, length, chest circumference, head circumference) with decreasing severity of anemia showed statistically significant difference (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.017, p = 0.001) respectively. It was seen that as the number of pregnancies (gravida) increases the severity of anemia increases with each pregnancy. Conclusion: Anemia during pregnancy negatively affected the anthropometric measurements of a newborn and severe anemia had significant negative effect on neonatal anthropometric measurements. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i3.8251 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 2013;33(3):186-189