bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A detailed source model for the Mw9.0 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake reconciling geodesy, seismology, and tsunami records
Authors: Bletery Quentin , Sladen Anthony , Delouis Bertrand , Vallée Martin , Nocquet Jean‐Mathieu , Rolland Lucie , Jiang Junle 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe 11 March 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake was recorded by an exceptionally large amount of diverse data offering a unique opportunity to investigate the details of this major megathrust rupture. Many studies have taken advantage of the very dense Japanese onland strong motion, broadband, and continuous GPS networks in this sense. But resolution tests and the variability in the proposed solutions have highlighted the difficulty to uniquely resolve the slip distribution from these networks, relatively distant from the source region, and with limited azimuthal coverage. In this context, we present a finite fault slip joint inversion including an extended amount of complementary data (teleseismic, strong motion, high‐rate GPS, static GPS, seafloor geodesy, and tsunami records) in an attempt to reconcile them into a single better resolved model. The inversion reveals a patchy slip distribution with large slip (up to 64 m) mostly located updip of the hypocenter and near the trench. We observe that most slip is imaged in a region where almost no earthquake was recorded before the main shock and around which intense interplate seismicity is observed afterward. At a smaller scale, the largest slip pattern is imaged just updip of an important normal fault coseismically activated. This normal fault has been shown to be the mark of very low dynamic friction allowing extremely large slip to propagate up to the free surface. The spatial relationship between this normal fault and our slip distribution strengthens its key role in the rupture process of the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake.
Distinguishing meanders of the Kuroshio using machine learning
Authors: Plotkin David A. , Weare Jonathan , Abbot Dorian S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Kuroshio south of Japan is often described as being bimodal, with abrupt transitions between a straight path state that stays near the coast (small meander) and a meandering state that deviates from the coast (large meander). Despite evidence of the existence of two or more states of the Kuroshio, previous data‐driven studies have shown only high variability of the current; they have not, however, demonstrated bimodality in the sense of two states of relatively high probability separated by a region of relatively low probability. We use singular value decomposition (SVD), a standard time series analysis method for characterizing variability, and diffusion maps and spectral clustering (DMSC), a machine learning algorithm that seeks multimodality, to investigate Kuroshio reanalysis output. By applying these methods to a time series of velocity fields, we find that (1) the Kuroshio is bimodal, with high inflow and low path variability in the small meander and low inflow and high path variability in the large meander, (2) the state of the system correlates highly with the location of the recirculation gyre south of Japan, and (3) the meanders are better characterized by path variability than by mean path. Because these results are consistent with satellite sea surface height data, they are not an artifact of the model used for reanalysis. Further, our results provide evidence for a previously proposed transition mechanism based on the strengthening, migration, and weakening of the recirculation gyre south of Japan and can therefore help direct future modeling studies.
Active and Reactive Power Control Techniques Based on Feedback Linearization and Fuzzy Logic for Three‐Phase Grid‐Connected Photovoltaic Inverters
Authors: Nguyen Gia Minh Thao , Uchida Kenko 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper discusses two techniques based on the feedback linearization (FBL) method to control the active and reactive output powers of three‐phase grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters. The first control scheme is an application of the direct FBL approach. The other is an appropriate combination of the FBL and fuzzy logic (FBL‐FL), and is the main proposed method of this study. Wherein, a unique fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is designed to enhance effectiveness of the linear control method used in the direct FBL. In detail, its major objectives are to improve the transient response and reduce steady‐state oscillations in the output powers. In this research, the illustrative PV inverter utilizes a three‐level DC‐AC converter, an R‐L filter and a 250 V/10 kV wye‐wye transformer to inject the energy, obtained from PV array with a nominal power of 100 kW, into the 10 kV/60Hz three‐phase grid. Numerical simulations in MATLAB and PSIM illustrate that the two FBL‐based structures perform very well in independently regulating the active and reactive output powers to the reference values, even within the parametric uncertainties and the unbalanced grid voltage condition. Moreover, comparisons of simulation results, obtained from the traditional proportional–integral (PI) control and the two FBL‐based structures, show advantages of the proposed FBL‐FL hybrid technique in terms of fast response, small overshoot, acceptable steady‐state fluctuation and high robustness.
Metabolic engineering ofCorynebacterium glutamicumstrain ATCC13032 to producel‐methionine
Authors: Qin Tianyu , Hu Xiaoqing , Hu Jinyu , Wang Xiaoyuan 
Published: September 2014

Abstractl‐Methionine–producing strain QW102/pJYW‐4‐homm‐lysCm‐brnFEwas developed fromCorynebacterium glutamicumstrain ATCC13032, using metabolic engineering strategies. These strategies involved (i) deletion of the genethrBencoding homoserine kinase to increase the precursor supply, (ii) deletion of the genemcbRencoding the regulator McbR to release the transcriptional repression to various genes in thel‐methionine biosynthetic pathway, (iii) overexpression of the genelysCmencoding feedback‐resistant aspartate kinase and the genehommencoding feedback‐resistant homoserine dehydrogenase to further increase the precursor supply, and (iv) overexpression of the gene clusterbrnFandbrnEencoding the export protein complex BrnFE to increase extracellularl‐methionine concentration. QW102/pJYW‐4‐homm‐lysCm‐brnFEproduced 42.2 mM (6.3 g/L)l‐methionine after 64‐H fed‐batch fermentation. These results suggest thatl‐methionine–producing strains can be developed from wild‐typeC. glutamicumstrains by rationally metabolic engineering.
Cis and trans internucleosomal interactions of H3 and H4 tails in tetranucleosomes
Authors: Nurse Nathan P. , Yuan Chongli 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTChromatin structure and the transcriptional state of a gene can be modulated by modifications made on H3 and H4 tails of histones. Elucidating the internucleosomal interactions of these tails is vital to understanding epigenetic regulation. Differentiation between cis (intra‐nucleosomal) and trans (inter‐nucleosomal) interactions is often difficult with conventional techniques since H3 and H4 tails are flexible. The distinction, however, is important because these interactions model short‐ and long‐range chromatin interactions respectively and have different bearings in biological processes. Combining FCS and PCH analysis, we can decouple the contribution of histone tails to cis and trans effects. A Mg2+ gradient was employed to facilitate compaction and oligomerization of tetranucleosomes with H3 and/or H4 tail truncations. H3 tails were found to play a multifunctional role and exhibit the ability to partake in both attractive cis and trans interactions simultaneously. H4 tails partake in attractive cis and repulsive trans interactions at low [Mg2+]. These interactions are diminished at higher [Mg2+]. Simultaneous H3 and H4 tail truncation inhibited array oligomerization but maintained local array compaction at relatively high [Mg2+]. The established experimental approach can be extended to study the detailed molecular interactions mediated by epigenetic modification of flexible histone tails. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 33–40, 2015.
Proton Conductivity of Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde Resin‐Doped Mesoporous Niobium and Tantalum Oxide Composites
Authors: Turley Jonathan P. , Romer Frederik , Trudeau Michel L. , Dias Marcos L. , Smith Mark E. , Hanna John V. , Antonelli David M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractProton conductivity in a series of mesoporous niobium and tantalum metal oxide (mX2O5) composites of naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde resin (NSF) that are resistant to moisture loss at temperatures greater than 50 °C is reported. The investigation focuses on the effect to proton conductivity by changing pore size and metal in the mesostructure of the mX2O5 system and thus, a series of mX2O5‐NSF composites were synthesized with C6, C12, and C18 templates. These were characterized by XRD, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption, and scanning TEM and then studied using impedance spectroscopy to establish proton conductivity values at various temperatures ranging from 25 to 150 °C. The most promising sample displayed a conductivity of 21.96 mS cm−1 at 100 °C, surpassing the literature value for Nafion 117 (ca. 8 mS cm−1). 1H and 13C solid state NMR studies the mX2O5‐NSF composites demonstrate that the oligomeric nature of the NSF is preserved while in contact with the mX2O5 surface, thus facilitating conductivity.
Urokinase Receptor Mediates Osteoclastogenesis via M-CSF Release From Osteoblasts and the c-Fms/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Pathway in Osteoclasts
Authors: Anaraki Parnian Kalbasi , Patecki Margret , Tkachuk Sergey , Kiyan Yulia , Haller Hermann , Dumler Inna 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Bone remodeling is a dynamic process based on a fine-tuned balance between formation and degradation of bone. Osteoblasts (OBLs) are responsible for bone formation and bone resorption is mediated by osteoclasts (OCLs). The mechanisms regulating the OBL-OCL balance are critical in health and disease; however, they are still far from being understood. We reported recently that the multifunctional urokinase receptor (uPAR) mediates osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to OBLs and vascular calcification in atherosclerosis. Here, we address the question of whether uPAR may also be engaged in regulation of osteoclastogenesis. We show that uPAR mediates this process in a dual fashion. Thus, uPAR affected OBL-OCL interplay. We observed that osteoclastogenesis was significantly impaired in co-culture of monocyte-derived OCLs and in OBLs derived from MSCs lacking uPAR. We show that expression and release, from OBLs, of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is indispensable for OCL differentiation, was inhibited by uPAR loss. We further found that uPAR, on the other hand, controlled formation, differentiation, and functional properties of macrophage-derived OCLs. Expression of osteoclastogenic markers, such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K, was impaired in OCLs derived from uPAR-deficient macrophages. The requirement of uPAR for osteoclastogenesis was further confirmed by immunocytochemistry and in bone resorption assay. We provide evidence that the underlying signaling mechanisms involve uPAR association with the M-CSF binding receptor c-Fms followed by c-Fms phosphorylation and activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway in OCLs. We further show that uPAR uses this pathway to regulate a balance between OCL differentiation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Our study identified uPAR as an important and multifaceted regulator of OBL-OCL molecular interplay that may serve as an attractive target in bone disease and ectopic calcification. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Shape‐Memory Performance of Thermoplastic Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer Poly(d,l‐lactic acid‐co‐ethylene glycol‐co‐d,l‐lactic acid) (PELA)/Hydroxyapatite Composites
Authors: Kutikov Artem B. , Reyer Kevin A. , Song Jie 
Published: September 2014

Biodegradable polymer/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites are desired for skeletal tissue engin­eering. When engineered with thermally responsive shape‐memory properties, they may be delivered in a minimally invasive temporary shape and subsequently triggered to conform to a tissue defect. Here, the shape‐memory properties of thermoplastic amphiphilic poly(d,l‐lactic acid‐co‐ethylene glycol‐co‐d,l‐lactic acid) (PELA) (Mw = 120 kDa) and HA‐PELA composites are reported. These materials can be cold‐deformed and stably fixed into temporary shapes at room temperature and undergo rapid shape recovery (<3 s) at 50 °C. Stable fixation (>99% fixing ratio) of large deformations is achieved at −20 °C. While the shape recovery from tensile deformations slows with higher HA contents, all the composites (up to 20 wt% HA) achieve high shape recovery (>90%) upon equilibration for 10 min at 50 °C. The permanent shapes of HA‐PELA can be reprogrammed at 50 °C, and macroporous shape‐memory scaffolds can be fabricated by rapid prototyping.
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A Palaeopathological Assessment of the Late 19th and Early 20th Century Khoesan
Authors: Botha D. , Steyn M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSince the arrival of Dutch colonists in the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, Khoesan populations were subjected to severe political and economic marginalisation and often fell prey to racial conflict. These circumstances persisted until the early 20th century, during which an astonishing number of Khoesan skeletons were transported from South Africa to various locations in Europe, as at the time, different institutions competed to obtain these remains. The purpose of this study was to assess the health status of the late 19th and early 20th century Khoesan. Skeletal remains housed in two different European institutions were studied. The sample comprised 140 specimens from the Rudolf Pöch Skeletal Collection in Vienna, Austria, and 15 specimens from the Musée de l'Homme in Paris, France. These individuals represent both sexes and were aged between newborn and 75 years, with 54 being younger than 20 years of age. Results indicated high levels of typical disease conditions associated with groups under stress, such as periostitis, cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis. Treponemal disease, rickets, osteoarthritis and trauma were also encountered amongst other more specific indicators of health and disease. This study provided additional knowledge on the health status and lives of the Khoesan people during this turbulent period and created new awareness regarding a group of severely mistreated individuals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pragmatic approach to distributed nonlinear model predictive control: Application to a hydrostatic drivetrain
Authors: Dutta Abhishek , Ionescu Clara , De Keyser Robain 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYThe global control of large‐scale production machines composed of interacting subsystems is a challenging problem due to the intrinsic presence of high coupling, constraints, nonlinearity, and communication limitations. In this work, a pragmatic approach to distributed nonlinear model predictive control (DNMPC) is presented with guaranteed decrease in cost. Furthermore, in order to tackle time‐varying process dynamics, a learning algorithm is developed, thereby improving the performance of the global control. The proposed control framework is experimentally validated on a hydrostatic drivetrain, which exhibits nonlinear dynamics, strongly interacting subsystems. The experimental results indicate that good tracking performance and disturbance rejection can be obtained by the proposed DNMPC. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silver versus white sheet as a back reflector for microcrystalline silicon solar cells deposited on LPCVD‐ZnO electrodes of various textures
Authors: Khazaka Rami , Moulin Etienne , Boccard Mathieu , Garcia Loïc , Hänni Simon , Haug Franz‐Josef , Meillaud Fanny , Ballif Christophe 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe compare the performance of two back reflector designs on the optoelectrical properties of microcrystalline silicon solar cells. The first one consists of a 5‐µm‐thick low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD)‐ZnO electrode combined with a white sheet; the second one incorporates an Ag reflector deposited on a thin LPCVD‐ZnO layer (with thickness below 200 nm). For this latter design, the optical loss in the nano‐rough Ag reflector can be strongly reduced by smoothing the surface of the thin underlying ZnO layer, by means of an Ar‐plasma treatment. Because of its superior lateral conductivity, the thin‐ZnO/Ag back reflector design provides a higher fill factor than the dielectric back reflector design. When decreasing the roughness of the front electrode with respect to our standard front LPCVD‐ZnO layer, the electrical cell performance is improved; in addition, the implementation of the thin‐ZnO/Ag back reflector leads to a significant relative gain in light trapping. Applying this newly optimized combination of front and back electrodes, the conversion efficiency is improved from 8.9% up to 9.4%, for cells with an active‐layer thickness of only 1.1 µm. We thereby highlight the necessity to optimize simultaneously the front and back electrodes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of plasma protein profiles associated with risk groups of prostate cancer patients
Authors: Nordström Malin , Wingren Christer , Rose Carsten , Bjartell Anders , Becker Charlotte , Lilja Hans , Borrebaeck Carl A. K. 
Published: September 2014

PurposeEarly detection of prostate cancer (PC) using prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in blood reduces PC‐death among unscreened men. However, due to modest specificity of PSA at commonly used cut‐offs, there are urgent needs for additional biomarkers contributing enhanced risk classification among men with modestly elevated PSA.Experimental designRecombinant antibody microarrays were applied for protein expression profiling of 80 plasma samples from routine PSA‐measurements, a priori divided into four risk groups, based on levels of total and %free PSA.ResultsThe results demonstrated that plasma protein profiles could be identified that pin‐pointed PC (a malignant biomarker signature) and most importantly that showed moderate to high correlation with biochemically defined PC risk groups. Notably, the data also implied that the risk group with midrange PSA and low %free PSA, a priori known to be heterogeneous, could be further stratified into two subgroups, more resembling the lowest and highest risk groups, respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn this pilot study, we have shown that plasma protein biomarker signatures, associated with risk groups of PC, could be identified from crude plasma samples using affinity proteomics. This approach could in the longer perspective provide novel opportunities for improved risk classification of PC patients.
CdTe and Cd‐rich Ternary Tellurides
Authors: Triboulet Robert 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe E‐MRS Symposium entitled “CdTe and Cd‐rich ternary tellurides: Growth and characterization, physics of defects and impurities, surfaces and applications” was organized in Warsaw (16–20 September 2013), three years after the meeting dedicated to the “Smart growth of CdTe and Cd‐rich ternary tellurides” which was held in the framework of the 2010 E‐MRS Fall Meeting. It covered the most prominent, modern and fundamental aspects of research on these materials as well as their applications in fields such as nuclear detectors and photovoltaic cells.While CdTe‐based nanostructures are displaying a spectacular boom and are at the forefront of CdTe research, as illustrated by several hundreds of papers devoted to them in the recent literature, a significant activity is nevertheless still dedicated to bulk CdTe and associated Cd‐rich ternary tellurides, mainly CdZnTe and CdMnTe. The principal focus areas are in the fields of physics of macro‐defects, point‐defects and impurities in as‐grown and annealed crystals; surfaces and interfaces; refinement of the growth and characterization of crystals and devices; appli‐ cations dealing mainly with photovoltaic cells for which mass production has begun, and X‐ray and γ‐ray detectors, which are under development with material quality widely recognized as the key remaining issue.These topics were emphasized during the symposium and the different issues associated with them are identified and discussed.
A few manuscripts only were submitted for publication in the proceedings, according to a recent deplorable and unfortunate fashion. The present proceedings are then constituted of a very limited number of contributions in which we hope the readers will nevertheless find a great interest.
Joint data detection and channel estimation for coded and uncoded continuous phase modulation signals
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Abeysekera Saman S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe performance of decision‐directed approach for joint data detection and channel estimation for continuous phase modulation (CPM) signal is limited because of an inevitable decision delay, which results in a trade‐off between data detection and channel estimation. In this paper, a novel hard output demodulation that solves the conflict requirement on the decision delay by predicting the channel coefficients over a given observation interval through a Kalman filter is proposed for uncoded CPM signal. The prediction guarantees high channel tracking capability and meanwhile maintains the accuracy of data detection. The proposed hard output demodulator is further extended to design a soft‐input soft‐output demodulator for serially concatenated CPM signal, which allows iterative processing. The convergence behavior of the proposed iterative receiver is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed demodulators provide improved performance in terms of bit error rate over some existing algorithms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximization of user satisfaction in OFDMA systems using utility‐based resource allocation
Authors: Rodrigues Emanuel B. , Lima Francisco R. M. , Maciel Tarcisio F. , Cavalcanti Francisco R. P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn order to keep and/or expand its share of the wireless communication market and decrease churn, it is important for network operators to keep their users (clients) satisfied. The problem to be solved is how to increase the number of satisfied non‐real time (NRT) and real time (RT) users in the downlink of the radio access network of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access system. In this context, the present work proposes a method to solve the referred problem using a unified radio resource allocation (RRA) framework based on utility theory. This unified RRA framework is particularized into two RRA policies that use sigmoidal utility functions based on throughput or delay and are suitable for NRT and RT services, respectively. It is demonstrated by means of system‐level simulations that a step‐shaped sigmoidal utility function combined with a channel‐aware opportunistic scheduling criterion is effective toward the objective of user satisfaction maximization. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.