bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacillus-derived cycle lipopeptides modulate microbiome structure and enzymatic activity of soil and increase productivity of Solanum tuberosum
Authors: Vasilchenko Alexey S. , Dilbaryan Diana S. , Poshvina Darya V. , Burlakov Eugene O. , Domanskaya Olga V. , Iashnikov Alexander A. , Palamarchuk Irina , Teslya Anastasia V. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) are well-known secondary metabolites produced by Bacillus bacteria. Current research into the role of lipopeptides in soil microbial ecology suggests that their importance goes beyond the suppression of phytopathogens. Aims. In our work, we studied CLPs (bacillomycins and fengycins) as modulators of agroecosystem microbiome structure (taxonomic) and its functional properties (enzymatic activity) that lead to improved soil health and consequently productivity of growing plants. Methods. In a 56-day study, we conducted microcosm and field experiments to assess the biodiversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities using DNA metabarcoding; and the activity of extracellular enzymes using fluorometric microplate enzyme assays with fluorogenic-labelled substrates. The obtained data were subjected to static and mathematical processing in order to predict the enzymatic activity of the soil based on metabarcoding data. Results. The metabolic activity of the soil microbial community has been found to be stimulated by the application of CLPs to soil. Microbial enzymes involved in the cycling of carbon (3 enzymes), nitrogen (2 enzymes) and phosphorus (1 enzyme) were activated in the experimental condition. Exposure to CLPs did not alter the alpha diversity of the bacteria but increased the alpha diversity of the fungi. DNA metabarcoding showed that the action of CLPs altered the relative abundance of approximately 20% of the bacterial and fungal ASVs that comprised the dominants. The effect was the same for both bacteria and fungi: the relative abundance of most of these ASVs increased. The constructed network of relationships between enzyme activity and changes in the microbial community allowed us to identify potential taxa of bacteria and fungi that determine the activity of specific enzymes. Finally, we tested the CLPs-based preparation on potato tubers and found that it improved the physiological and biochemical parameters of plants. Conclusions. Thus, the use of purified Bacillus-derived CLPs allowed better characterization of the biological effects exerted by soil bacilli on the soil microbiome. In addition, CLPs were found to be non-toxic and stimulating to soil microbiota, which may lead to the development of biopreparations to improve crop productivity.
Plasticity of blood meal origin of Anopheles mosquitoes in Ethiopia: A systematic review
Authors: Ashine Temesgen , Kochora Abena , Shibru Hailu , Bekele Alemayehu , Assefa Muluken , Gidisa Bedasa , Negash Nigatu , Weetman David , Ayele Tadesse Awoke , Gadisa Endalamaw , Massebo Fekadu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The efficacy of vector control tools depends on the behaviors of vector species. Many studies have sought to determine the blood meal origin of Anopheles mosquitoes in different settings of Ethiopia. This systematic review aims to generate the overall and species-specific source of blood meal of Anopheles mosquitoes in Ethiopia.
Method
A comprehensive search was conducted between March 11 and April 2, 2024, to locate studies that met predetermined selection criteria. After exhaustive screening, evaluation and critical appraisal of the selected studies, data were extracted using a pre-prepared template in Excel. Data were analyzed using STATA-14 software to produce a descriptive statistical summary of the overall and species-specific blood meal sources of Anopheles mosquitoes in Ethiopia. The study was conducted based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. The protocol of this study was registered on international prospective register of systematic reviews, registration no. CRD42024515725.
Result
Of the 2,431 studies located, 27 met the inclusion criteria. In a total of 215 data points, 18,771 Anopheles mosquitoes that belonged to 23 species or species complex were tested for blood meal source. The dominant blood meal sources were bovine, 36.0% (n = 6,758) and human, 29.4% (n = 5,520). Anopheles arabiensis accounted for 67.9% (n = 12,741) followed by An. pharoensis, An. demeilloni and An. stephensi with 10.0%, 5.6% and 4.4% of the tested anophelines, respectively. Overall, there is no difference in mean proportion of An. arabiensis detected with domestic animals’ blood, 33.4% (95% CI, 32.4–34.4%), when compared with human blood, 31.8% (95% CI, 30.9–32.8%). However, higher proportion of outdoor collected An. arabiensis were found to feed on bovine, 47.9 (95% CI, 35.3, 60.6) when compared to human, 12.9 (95% CI, 0.8, 24.9, P < 0.01). The foraging ratio, which accounts for host availability, was high for bovine (FR = 0.7) when compared to human (FR = 0.2) for An. arabiensis indicating preferential feeding on bovine hosts. This host preference was supported by the host preference index (human: bovine = 0.4).
Conclusion
Bovine and human hosts were the common sources of blood meal for Anopheles mosquitoes. When considering host availability into account, An. arabiensis showed a preferential feeding on bovine/cattle. Targeting domestic animals, bovines and ovine with endectocides could supplement the current vector control interventions.
Biodetoxification of both AFB1 and ZEN by Bacillus subtilis ZJ-2019-1 in gastrointestinal environment and in mice
Authors: Wu Jianwen , An Wei , Wang Zhenlong , Gao Boquan , Wang Jiaxue , Zhao Ya , Han Bing , Tao Hui , Guo Yaping , Wang Jinquan , Wang Xiumin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) are the most prevalent mycotoxins in production, posing a serious threat to the food and feed industry and resulting in a substantial economic burden. Therefore, finding a safe and efficient method for biodegradation of mycotoxins is of utmost important in addressing this issue. Bacillus subtilis ZJ-2019-1, capable of degrading AFB1 and ZEN, was isolated and cultured in our laboratory in vitro. In this study, we conducted detoxification tests on AFB1 and ZEN using B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 in gastrointestinal environment and in mice, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 can effectively degrade both mycotoxins present in feed within gastrointestinal environment. Following degradation by B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1, the toxicity of the AFB1 and ZEN product decreased compared to their original levels. Furthermore, B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 exhibited excellent detoxification effects on AFB1 and ZEN when tested in mice. These results indicate that B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 possesses the ability to degrade both AFB1 and ZEN, making it suitable for application in the food and feed industry as a means to reduce economic losses caused by mycotoxins.
Out-of-pocket payment and catastrophic health expenditure of Tuberculosis (TB)patients in accessing care at (public-private mix) PPM clinics in Myanmar (2022)
Authors: Khaing Myat Noe Thiri , U Nandi , Maw Lu , Arkar Htet , Naing Saw , Thet May Me 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The financial burden of tuberculosis (TB) can hinder patients and their families, creating obstacles throughout the care cascade, despite TB prevention and control being provided free of charge. The study focused on quantifying the financial burden faced by TB patients seeking care in Myanmar's private health sector.
Methods
This cross-sectional telephone survey included 695 adults seeking TB treatment from various private providers in four states and regions with high TB burden in Myanmar. Telephone interviews were conducted in May and June 2022. Both direct and indirect costs incurred from the patient and their household perspective were valued in 2022 and estimated throughout pre- and post-TB diagnosis episodes. The TB-affected households were defined as experiencing catastrophic health expenditure if their expenditure due to TB exceeded 40% of their capacity to pay, as recommended by the World Health Organization. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify the determinants of catastrophic health expenditure.
Results
The findings showed patients made a median of 7.9 clinic visits throughout their treatment, with the median total cost for the entire TB treatment being $53.4, including direct medical and testing costs ($11.8) and direct non-medical patient expenditure ($11.6). Pre-treatment costs were higher compared to post-treatment costs. During the intensive phase, TB care cost was nearly free, but during the continuation phase, it was a median of $2.6.
About 16.1% of patients experienced catastrophic health expenditure due to TB treatment, with expenses exceeding 40% of their capacity to pay. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that patients with a history of hospitalization (AOR,11.46; P<0.01), seeking care from regions other than Yangon (AOR, 2.8; P<0.01), and using coping strategies (AOR, 10.35; P<0.01), were more likely to face catastrophic financial burdens. Higher monthly household income (over 300,000 MMKs or 162 USD) was associated with a decreased risk of incurring catastrophic health expenditure (AOR, 0.29; P<0.01).
Conclusions
Persons with TB in Myanmar faced risk of catastrophic costs, even when treated in the private sector with free diagnostic charges and anti-TB medicine. The study highlighted the need for additional strategies or policies to make TB care affordable and mitigate the financial burden of TB-affected households.
Coinfection of horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) with Babesia bigemina (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) and Anaplasma marginale Theiler (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in Uruguay
Authors: Morales Diuliani Fonseca , Parodi Pablo , Reis Luana Ferreira Viana dos , Nascimento Mariana Cavalcanti , Rodrigues Gratchela Dutra , Nunes Leandro Silva , Menchaca Alejo , Riet‐Correa Franklin , Krolow Tiago Kütter , Lucas Martín , Saravia Anderson , Domingues William Borges , Campos Vinicius Farias , Krüger Rodrigo Ferreira 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis are primarily transmitted by the biological vector Rhipicephalus microplus (tick). However, Anaplasma marginale may also be mechanically transmitted through the bites of haematophagous flies such as tabanids. While biological transmission by ticks is the predominant route for Babesia species, some reports suggest that mechanical transmission via fomites contaminated with merozoites may occur, implicating mechanical vectors such as tabanids in disease spread. This study investigated the presence of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis in tabanids from three localities in Uruguay previously evaluated for the presence of A. marginale. PCR amplification targeting the Rap-1a and gp45 genes, which are specific to the merozoite stage and capable of mechanical transmission, followed by Sanger sequencing was performed. The findings revealed that 4.21% of the tabanids were infected with B. bigemina, with the highest prevalence in Tacuarembó (28.57%), followed by Paysandú (3.22%) and Colonia (1.75%). Dasybasis missionumfrom Tacuarembó, Poeciloderas lindnerifrom Paysandú, and Tabanus sp. from Colonia were found to be infected. Additionally, a coinfection rate of 2% with A. marginale was observed.
Comparative transcriptomic and hormonal analyses reveal potential regulation networks of adventitious root formation in Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng
Authors: Xiong Yuping , Chen Xiaohong , Liu Junyu , Li Yuan , Bian Zhan , Zhang Xinhua , Zeng Songjun , Silva Jaime A. Teixeira da , Li Jianrong , Ma Guohua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The extract from Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng, a rare and endangered species native to China, exhibits numerous biological and pharmacological activities. The species is recalcitrant to rooting during micropropagation, a challenge that has yet to be resolved. In this study, transcriptomic and hormonal analyses were conducted to appreciate the molecular mechanism of adventitious root (AR) formation in optimized rooting conditions.
Results
The use of 2/5-strength Woody Plant Medium (WPM) significantly promoted AR formation of M. glyptostroboides shoots while the content of endogenous auxin, cytokinins and gibberellins (GAs) varied at different stages of AR formation. Transcriptomic analysis showed the significant up- or down-regulation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with plant hormone signal transduction and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in response to 2/5-strength WPM. DEGs related to the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinins and GAs were identified. Transcript factors involved in 13 families were also revealed. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated a strong correlation between hormones and genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction and the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway.
Conclusions
These results indicate that the AR-promoting potential of 2/5-strength WPM in M. glyptostroboides was due to complex interactions between hormones and the expression of genes related to plant hormone signal transduction and the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway.
Adherence to the WHO guidelines and associations with socio- demographic factors among Ethiopian preschool children: The SUNRISE study
Authors: Abdeta Chalchisa , Cliff Dylan , Kariippanon Katharina , Deksisa Alem , Garoma Sileshi , Tesfaye Debrework , Chong Kar Hau , Antczak Devan , Okely Anthony D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has called for more evidence on 24-hour movement behaviours from low- and middle-income countries. We examined the proportion of Ethiopian children aged 3.0-4.9 years who met the WHO guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under the age of five, and the associations between meeting the guidelines and socio-demographic factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Adama and Lume Woreda, Ethiopia. Children were recruited through kindergartens in Adama and rural villages in Lume Woreda, Ethiopia. Physical activity and sleep were measured using ActiGraph accelerometer. Sedentary screen time and restrained sitting were parent-reported. Multivariable logistic regression models tested associations between meeting the individual and combined WHO guidelines and socio-demographic factors.
Results
A total of 430 children participated in the study (mean age 4.2 ± 0.6 years). More than half the children (58.0%) met all the WHO guidelines. A higher proportion met the physical activity (96.1%) and sleep guidelines (91.9%) compared to the sedentary screen time guideline (63.5%). Children who lived in rural areas were more likely to meet the sedentary behaviour (84.6% vs 38.2%, AOR = 7.31; 95%CI: 3.93, 14.02), sleep (98.6% vs 83.8%, AOR = 8.60; 95%CI: 3.55, 23.73) and combined (81.3% vs 30.1%, AOR = 7.41; 95%CI: 4.04, 13.97) guidelines than those who lived in urban areas.
Conclusions
Children from rural Ethiopia were more compliant with the WHO guidelines than their urban counterparts. Strategies to reduce screen time and promote healthy movement behaviours in urban areas are needed. Further studies with a larger representative sample might provide better insight across the regions of the country.
In situ deposition of bismuth on pre-anodized screen-printed electrode for sensitive determination of Cd2+ in water and rice with a portable device
Authors: Li Yongfang , Wang Zijun , Chen Xuan , Yi Zhijian , Wang Rui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Electrochemical detection is favorable for the rapid and sensitive determination of heavy metal cadmium. However, the detection sensitivity needs to be further improved, and a portable, low-cost device is needed for on-site detection. Herein, an in-situ bismuth modified pre-anodized screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was developed for Cd2+ determination by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The in-situ bismuth modification enhances the enrichment of Cd2+, and together with pre-anodization improve the electron transfer rate of electrode, thus enhancing the detection sensitivity. In addition, a self-made PSoC Stat potentiostat coupled with a stirring device was fabricated for portable electrochemical detection. After comprehensive optimization, the developed method can reach a testing time of 3 min, a detection limit of 3.55 µg/L, a linear range of 5-100 µg/L, and a recovery rate of 91.7%-107.1% in water and rice samples for Cd2+ determination. Therefore, our method holds great promise for the rapid, sensitive and on-site determination of Cd2+ in food samples.
Clinical Experience with Ceftazidime/Avibactam for the Treatment of Extensively Drug-Resistant or Pandrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Neonates and Children
Authors: Gundeslioglu Ozlem Ozgur , Haytoglu Zeliha , Gumuş Hatice Hale , Ekinci Faruk , Kibar Filiz , Cay Ummuhan , Ozlu Ferda , Horoz Ozden Ozgur , Alabaz Derya , Yıldızdas Rıza Dincer 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose:Klebsiella pneumoniaeis a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates due to limited treatment options. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes and the safety of Ceftazidime-avibactam in infections caused by extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaein pediatric patients.Methods:This study included pediatric patients who received ceftazidime-avibactam treatment due to extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaeinfections, monitored in the pediatric intensive care, neonatal intensive care, and pediatric wards of Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine between 2022 and 2023. Patients' microbiological responses, clinical responses, medication side effects, and 30-day survival rates were evaluated.Results:Eleven pediatric patients were included in the study, of whom nine were male (81.8%). The median age of the patients was 15 months (min: 1 day - max: 183 months). Sepsis was diagnosed in 9 patients (81.8%). Two premature infants (27 and 35 weeks) were admitted to the neonatal ICU. Regarding theKlebsiella pneumoniaestrains, 10 (91%) were extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and 1 (9%) was pandrug-resistant (PDR). Eight strains (72.7%) were carbapenem-resistant, and 9 (81.8%) were colistin-resistant. Microbiological response was noted in 8 patients (72.7%), clinical response was evident in 6 patients (54.5%). The 30-day survival rate was 54.5%, with six patients surviving.Conclusion:In our study, ceftazidime-avibactam has been identified as a significant treatment option for resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaeinfection in critically ill children and premature infants with sepsis and organ failure, and it has been found to be well tolerated.
«Klimaterrorismus» oder ziviler Ungehorsam? Eine Begriffsklärung.
Authors: Keller Adina 
Published: July 2024

Die Klimabewegung ergreift in letzter Zeit immer öfter radikalere Mittel des Protests. Während die Klimaaktivist:innen ihren Protest als zivilen Ungehorsam verstehen, werden vereinzelt auch Vergleiche zu Ökoterrorismus und Klima-RAF gezogen. Selbst wenn solche Vergleiche als völlig überrissen zu bewerten sind, haben sie eine Debatte ausgelöst zur Frage: Was ist eigentlich ziviler Ungehorsam? Die traditionellen Definitionen haben sich dabei als zunehmend ungeeignet erwiesen, um die Eigenheiten zeitgenössischen Protests zu erfassen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird daher ausgehend von einer Analyse des Sprachgebrauchs der beiden Begriffe «zivil» und «Ungehorsam» zunächst die begriffshistorische Entwicklung rekonstruiert. Die daraus extrahierten Begriffselemente werden anschliessend in Würdigung der aktuellen Praxis und der gegenwärtigen Bedingungen für einen zeitgemässen Definitionsvorschlag fruchtbar gemacht.
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Les défenseurs du climat ont de plus en plus recours à des moyens de protestation radicaux. Alors que les militants pro-climat qualifient ces actions de désobéissance civile, d'autres les comparent plutôt à de l'écoterrorisme. Si cette comparaison peut sembler exagérée, elle a le mérite d'ouvrir le débat sur la question suivante : qu'est-ce que la désobéissance civile  ? Les définitions traditionnelles s'avèrent mal adaptées aux spécificités des protestations contemporaines. Cet article se base sur une analyse linguistique des termes « civile » et « désobéissance » et de leur usage, afin de reconstituer l'évolution historique du concept. Leséléments conceptuels qui en résultent sont ensuite utilisés pour proposer une dé finition contemporaine qui tient compte des pratiques et des conditions actuelles.
Radiation safety problems during the patient traveling by public transport after radiopharmaceutical therapy with 131I
Authors: Petryakova A. V. , Chipiga L. A. , Zvonova I. A. , Vodovatov A. V. , Gorsky G. A. , Stanzhevsky A. A. 
Published: July 2024

Radiopharmaceutical therapy with 131I has been one of the most common types of radiopharmaceutical therapy for many years. Radiation safety of the public is ensured by limiting the patient contacts until the radiological parameters are reduced to the established criteria. To increase the availability of the radiopharmaceutical therapy with 131I, softer patient release criteria for 131I have been proposed. However, early patient release may increase exposure to the public, e.g. in transport. The aim of the work is to evaluate the radiation exposure from patients with 131I -MIBG and Na131I on the public in transport considering the generation of biological waste. In this work, 131I excretion from the body of patients in transport was evaluated for different scenarios of patient travel to the place of residence. As a result, it was found that mitigation of patient release criteria leads to an increase in the effective dose to the public in transport and an increase in the 131I activity excreted with patient waste. The specific activity in the tanks of biotoilets in transport, generated after the pas -sage of a patient with injected 131I -labeled radiopharmaceuticals, exceeds the limit value of classifying liquid waste as radioactive. To optimize radiation protection of the public, it is advisable to apply a differentiated approach to release patients after therapy with 131I: to group non-resident patients into a separate category retaining for them the established release criterion (without mitigation) to minimize the radiation impact on the public.