bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in female premenopausal blood donors
Authors: Alpañés Macarena , Sanchón Raúl , Martínez‐García Mª Ángeles , Martínez‐Bermejo Elena , Escobar‐Morreale Héctor F. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryObjectiveThe prevalence of asymptomatic hyperprolactinaemia has been widely studied in certain populations such as antipsychotic drugs users, infertile women or patients with primary hypothyroidism, but data on the prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia and macroprolactinaemia in the healthy population are very scarce in the literature. We aimed to obtain an unbiased estimation of the prevalence in premenopausal women of: (i) hyperprolactinaemia and (ii) its aetiology, including macroprolactinaemia and stress‐related hyperprolactinaemia, while considering simultaneously the use of hormonal contraceptives.DesignPrevalence survey.SubjectsThree‐hundred and ninety‐three consecutive premenopausal women reporting spontaneously for blood donation.MeasurementsWe performed an exhaustive clinical history and physical examination, establishing the presence of hirsutism, acne, alopecia, menstrual dysfunction and reproductive history. We also measured serum prolactin (PRL) (ruling out macroprolactinaemia when indicated), thyrotrophin, total testosterone, androstendione, sex hormone binding globulin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate concentrations.ResultsSerum PRL concentrations were increased in 16 of 393 women (4·1% prevalence, 95% CI: 2·1–6·0). The prevalence of macroprolactinaemia was 0·6% (95% CI: 0–1) in the total female blood donor population and was 12·5% (95% CI: 6–31) among hyperprolactinaemic patients. The remaining hyperprolactinaemic women had stress‐related hyperprolactinaemia as the more likely aetiology. Finally, the frequency of hyperprolactinaemia was similar in users and nonusers of hormonal contraceptives (4·5% and 3·9% respectively, P = 0·209).ConclusionsThe prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in healthy female blood donors is low and is not influenced by the use of hormonal contraceptives. Pathological causes are very rare with stress‐related hyperprolactinaemia and macroprolactinaemia being the most frequent causes of hyperprolactinaemia in these women.
Serum selenium is low in newly diagnosed Graves’ disease: a population‐based study
Authors: Bülow Pedersen Inge , Knudsen Nils , Carlé Allan , Schomburg Lutz , Köhrle Josef , Jørgensen Torben , Rasmussen Lone Banke , Ovesen Lars , Laurberg Peter 
Published: March 2013

SummaryContextSelenium deficiency may play an important role in the initiation and progression of autoimmune thyroid disease.ObjectiveTo compare serum selenium (s‐Se) values in patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune thyroid disease and controls from the Danish population.Design and settingsS‐Se was measured in triplicate by a fluorimetric method.ParticipantsPatients with newly diagnosed Graves’ disease (GD) (n = 97) or autoimmune overt hypothyroidism (AIH) (n = 96), euthyroid subjects with high serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO‐Ab) (TPO‐Ab > 1500 U/ml, n = 92) and random controls (n = 830).Main outcome measureDifferences in s‐Se values.ResultsS‐Se was lower in patients with GD than in controls (mean (SD), GD: 89·9 μg/l (18·4); controls: 98·8 μg/l (19·7), P < 0·01). This was confirmed in a multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for age, sex, mineral supplements, smoking, geographical region and time of sampling (P < 0·01). In a linear model, s‐Se was similar in patients with AIH (mean (SD): 98·4 μg/l (24·9)) and in controls (P = 0·86). In the multivariate model however, s‐Se was marginally lower in patients with AIH compared to controls (P = 0·04). There was no significant difference in s‐Se between euthyroid participants with high TPO‐Ab and random controls (linear: P = 0·97; multivariate: P = 0·27).ConclusionPatients with newly diagnosed GD and AIH had significantly lower s‐Se compared with random controls. Our observation supports the postulated link between inadequate selenium supply and overt autoimmune thyroid disease, especially GD.
A DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor, 5‐Aza‐2′‐Deoxycytidine, Exacerbates Neurotoxicity and Upregulates Parkinson's Disease‐Related Genes in Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Xuan , Li Ran , Yang Zhao‐Fei , Wang Yi‐Zheng , Gong Xiao‐Li , Wang Xiao‐Min 
Published: February 2013

SummaryAimsTo investigate effects of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors on dopaminergic neurons and its underlied mechanism.MethodsThe DNMT inhibitor 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza‐dC) was tested in cultured dopaminergic cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were assayed with 5‐aza‐dC alone. Neurotoxicity of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+), 6‐hydroxydopamine or rotenone was also assayed with 5‐aza‐dC pretreatment. And mRNA levels of several key PD‐related genes were examined by semiquantitative RT‐PCR. Furthermore, CpG methylation of α‐synuclein promoter was examined by bisulfite sequencing.Results5‐aza‐dC resulted in decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in dopaminergic neuronal cells. Pretreatment with 5‐aza‐dC exacerbated neurotoxic damage to dopaminergic neurons induced by MPP+, 6‐hydroxydopamine or rotenone. 5‐aza‐dC also induced transcriptional upregulation of the key PD‐related genes tyrosine hydroxylase and α‐synuclein. And demethylation of CpG in α‐synuclein promoter was also induced by 5‐aza‐dC and MPP+.ConclusionsThis DNMT inhibitor might influence pathogenesis of PD. And demethylation induced by DNMT inhibitor might contribute to dopaminergic neuron death, by increasing vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to neurotoxins and by misregulating transcription of key PD‐related genes. Our data also suggested DNMT inhibitors may cause multiple effects on dopaminergic neurons.
Good outcome in patients with early dietary treatment of GLUT‐1 deficiency syndrome: results from a retrospective Norwegian study
Authors: Ramm‐Pettersen Anette , Nakken Karl O , Skogseid Inger M , Randby Hans , Skei Erik B , Bindoff Laurence A , Selmer Kaja K 
Published: March 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to characterize patients diagnosed with glucose transporter protein‐1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT‐1 DS) clinically and genetically, and to evaluate the effect of treatment with the classic ketogenic or modified Atkins diet.MethodWe retrospectively studied medical records of 10 patients diagnosed with GLUT‐1 DS. Four females and six males with a median age of 15 years were included.ResultsThe study illustrates the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of GLUT‐1 DS. Analysis of the SLC2A1 gene disclosed a variety of mutation types. The time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was more than 11 years on average. The outcome in those with early diagnosis and intervention was surprisingly good. All but one patient with the classic phenotype became seizure free after treatment with the classic ketogenic or modified Atkins diet. Acetazolamide was effective in one patient with paroxysmal exercise‐induced dyskinesia. A point prevalence of GLUT‐1 DS in Norway was estimated as 2.6 per 1 000 000 inhabitants.InterpretationAlthough the long‐term prognosis in patients with GLUT‐1 DS partly depends on the underlying genetics, our study supports the assumption that early initiation of treatment with a ketogenic diet may positively affect the outcome.
Understanding the Relationship Between Language Performance and University Course Grades
Authors: Brown Alan V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article presents preliminary data correlating students' scores on measures of speaking, listening, and reading with their grades in Spanish courses. As might be expected, students with higher grades generally scored higher on performance assessments than did classmates with lower course grades. However, large score ranges resulted within a single letter grade. In addition, some students with low course grades scored rather well on certain measures of performance while some students with high course grades had low scores. In sum, the relationship between course grades, GPA, and performance level as evidenced by these data were far from predictable and underscored the need for (1) more research using a variety of methodologies, and (2) more careful alignment of course grades with demonstrated abilities to use language in interpretive and interpersonal settings.
Polyphasic hydrothermal and meteoric fluid regimes during the growth of a segmented fault involving crystalline and carbonate rocks (Barcelona Plain, NE Spain)
Authors: Cantarero I. , Travé A. , Alías G. , Baqués V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA polyphasic tectonic‐fluid system of a fault that involves crystalline and carbonate rocks (Hospital fault, Barcelona Plain) has been inferred from regional to thin section scale observations combined with geochemical analyses. Cathodoluminescence, microprobe analyses and stable isotopy in fracture‐related cements record the circulation of successive alternations of hydrothermal and low‐temperature meteoric fluids linked with three main regional tectonic events. The first event corresponds to the Mesozoic extension, which had two rifting stages, and it is characterized by the independent tectonic activity of two fault segments, namely southern and northern Hospital fault segments. During the Late Permian‐Middle Jurassic rifting, these segments controlled the thickness and distribution of the Triassic sediments. Also, dolomitization was produced in an early stage by Triassic seawater at shallow conditions. During increasing burial, formation of fractures and their dolomite‐related cements took place. Fault activity during the Middle Jurassic–Late Cretaceous rifting was localized in the southern segment, and it was characterized by hydrothermal brines, with temperatures over 180°C, which ascended through this fault segment precipitating quartz, chlorite, and calcite. The second event corresponds to the Paleogene compression (Chattian), which produced exhumation, folding and erosion, favouring the percolation of low‐temperature meteoric fluids which produced the calcitization of the dolostones and of the dolomite cements. The third event is linked with the Neogene extension, where three stages have been identified. During the syn‐rift stage, the southern segment of the Hospital fault grew by tip propagation. In the relay zone, hydrothermal brines with temperature around 140°C upflowed. During the late postrift, the Hospital fault acted as a unique segment and deformation occurred at shallow conditions and under a low‐temperature meteoric regime. Finally, and possibly during the Messinian compression, NW‐SE strike‐slip faults offset the Hospital fault to its current configuration.
SHRIMP U–Pb dating of zircons related to the partial melting in a deep subduction zone: Case study from the Sanbagawa quartz‐bearing eclogite
Authors: Arakawa Miyuki , Okamoto Kazuaki , Yi Keewook , Terabayashi Masaru , Tsutsumi Yukiyasu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDehydrated fluid from a subducting cold slab is considered to cause deep focused earthquakes and island‐arc volcanism. The Sanbagawa high P–T metamorphic rocks have been considered as typical cold oceanic material subducted during the Cretaceous. However, we have discovered an eclogite outcrop exhibiting partial melting texture in the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, central Shikoku, Japan. The discovery is significant because the melt may play an important role in deep‐focused earthquakes and the melt itself may directly contribute to the origin of island‐arc magmatism. In order to confirm the age of partial melting of Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks, we dated zircons from both the melted portion and the host eclogite using the U–Pb SHRIMP age‐dating at the Korean Basic Science Institute. Zircons from the melted portion (SHT16, 75) are rounded and have sector zoning. The core and mantle yield U–Pb age in the 130–113 Ma range (120 Ma average), and the rim ages are in the 115–104 Ma range. Zircons from the eclogite (SHT15, 76) have a homogenous core with thin mantle and rims. The U–Pb ages are concentrated at 123–112 Ma. These pieces of evidence suggest that the eclogite metamorphism occurred at about 120 Ma and subsequent partial melting happened at about 110 Ma.
Micro‐X‐ray absorption near edge structure determination of Fe3+/ΣFe in omphacite inclusion within garnet from Dabie eclogite, East‐Central China
Authors: Terabayashi Masaru , Matsui Takashi , Okamoto Kazuaki , Ozawa Hiroaki , Kaneko Yoshiyuki , Maruyama Shigenori 
Published: February 2013

Abstract The Fe K‐edge micro‐X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of omphacite included within garnet from the Dabie eclogites, east‐central China, were measured to estimate the oxidation state of iron in omphacite. The micro‐XANES analyses of omphacite inclusions within garnet yield higher Fe3+/ΣFe ratios of 0.18 to 0.59 than those of 0.00 to 0.31 calculated by charge balance from electron microprobe analyses. The estimated temperatures of garnet‐clinopyroxene pairs from 10 eclogites using Fe3+ and Fe2+ contents calculated by charge balance are 603 to 1078°C except one sample. The temperatures calculated using micro‐XANES‐measured Fe3+ and Fe2+ contents are 530–918°C except one sample. Along the north–south cross‐section in the study area, the estimated temperatures based on the charge balance calculation of Fe3+ tend to be identical or higher than temperatures estimated based on the calculation of Fe3+ using the XANES technique. Seven of the micro‐XANES measurements give approximate temperatures from 500°C to 700°C, and three of the measurements give temperatures of more than 800°C. Those three samples contain higher XGrs corresponding to the distribution coefficient of garnet‐clinopyroxene pairs. The pressure and temperature results estimated by the garnet‐clinopyroxene‐phengite geothermobarometers are mostly in subsolidus conditions, suggesting that there is no extensive melting in eclogite. The present study represents a new temperature calibration based on Fe3+ estimates in omphacite inclusion within garnet based on the XANES analysis, which is taken into account.
Audit of the aetiology and prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in a tertiary hospital setting
Authors: Suri P. , Bull N. , Worthington A. , Gunawaran P. , Reeves G. , Bastian B. , Collins N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAppropriate diagnosis and initiation of disease‐specific treatment is an important therapeutic goal in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. We evaluated the prevalence and aetiology of moderate‐to‐severe pulmonary hypertension in a cohort of patients referred for inpatient echocardiography, with significant pulmonary hypertension documented in 4.6%. Pulmonary hypertension complicating left heart disease was the most common aetiology, with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension less frequent.
The use of a non cultured autologous cell suspension to repair chronic ulcers
Authors: De Angelis B , Migner A , Lucarini L , Agovino A , Cervelli V 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this uncontrolled study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of ReCell® system in the treatment of chronic ulcers. From October 2011 to July 2012, 20 patients, 8 men and 12 women with a mean age of 70 years, with chronic ulcers of different aetiology that were unresponsive to conventional therapies were recruited and treated using the ReCell® system. Patient pain rate, scar aesthetics and patient satisfaction were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale, Manchester Scar Scale and the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, respectively. Complete ulcer healing, defined as 100% reepithelialisation was observed between 40 and 60 days in 14 patients (70%) depending on the type of ulcer and comorbidity. At day 60 postprocedure, 80% reepithelialisation was present in five patients (25%), while one patient with concomitant psoriasis had 50% reepithelialisation. Pain scores improved by day 7 postprocedure. The function and aesthetics of the ReCell‐treated patients were good. It is concluded that the ReCell technique may have provided the regenerative tissue stimulation necessary for the rapid healing of chronic ulcers, including those not responsive to more traditional methods.
Efficacy of adding behavioural treatment or antimuscarinic drug therapy to α‐blocker therapy in men with nocturia
Authors: Johnson Theodore M. , Markland Alayne D. , Goode Patricia S. , Vaughan Camille P. , Colli Janet L. , Ouslander Joseph G. , Redden David T. , McGwin Gerald , Burgio Kathryn L. 
Published: March 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Nocturia is a common and bothersome lower urinary tract symptom, particularly in men. Many single drug therapies have limited benefit.
For men who have persistent nocturia despite alpha‐blocker therapy, the addition of behavioural and exercise therapy is statistically superior to anticholinergic therapy.
Objective
To compare reductions in nocturia resulting from adding either behavioural treatment or antimuscarinic drug therapy to α‐adrenergic antagonist (α‐blocker) therapy in men.
Patients and Methods
Participants were men who had continuing urinary frequency >8 voids/day) and urgency after 4 weeks of α‐blocker therapy run‐in and who had ≥1 nightly episode of nocturia.
Participants received individually titrated drug therapy (extended‐release oxybutynin) or multicomponent behavioural treatment (pelvic floor muscle training, delayed voiding and urge suppression techniques).
Seven‐day bladder diaries were used to calculate reductions in mean nocturia.
Results
A total of 127 men aged 42–88 years with ≥1 nocturia episode per night were included in the study.
There were 76 men who had a mean of ≥2 nocturia episodes.
Among those with ≥1 nocturia episode, behavioural treatment reduced nightly nocturia by a mean of 0.97 episodes and was significantly more effective than drug therapy (mean reduction = 0.56 episodes; P = 0.01).
Participants with ≥2 episodes nocturia at baseline also showed larger changes with behavioural treatment compared with antimuscarinic therapy (mean reduction = 1.26 vs 0.61; P = 0.008).
Conclusions
Both behavioural treatment and drug therapy reduced nocturia in men with ≥1 episode of nocturia/night when added to α‐blocker therapy.
These results were similar even when only those with ≥2 episodes of nocturia were considered.
The addition of behavioural treatment was statistically better than bladder‐relaxant therapy for nocturia.
Impact of pre‐treatment prostate tissue androgen content on the prediction of castration‐resistant prostate cancer development in patients treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Shibata Y. , Suzuki K. , Arai S. , Miyoshi Y. , Umemoto S. , Masumori N. , Kamiya N. , Ichikawa T. , Kitagawa Y. , Mizokami A. , Sugimura Y. , Nonomura N. , Sakai H. , Honma S. , Kubota Y. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryGreat advances in tissue androgen analysis using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) have made it possible to evaluate the tissue androgen content from a single needle prostate biopsy specimen. In this study, we investigated if pre‐treatment androgen content in prostate biopsy specimens could predict their response to primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and future castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). One‐hundred and sixty‐five prostate cancer patients who received primary ADT were enrolled. They had received multiple core prostate needle biopsy at diagnosis, and an additional one needle biopsy specimen was obtained for tissue androgen determination using LC‐MS/MS. The patients' prostate specific antigen (PSA) values were periodically followed during the treatment and patients were determined to have CRPC when their PSA value increased continuously to 25% above the nadir and a 2.0 ng/mL increase. A significant correlation was found between PSA value decline velocity (PSA half‐time) after ADT and pre‐ADT tissue androgen content. Twenty‐three patients were determined to have CRPC. These CRPC patients had a significantly high concentration of tissue T (p < 0.01) and low concentration of tissue 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (p < 0.01), resulting in a higher tissue T/DHT ratio (p < 0.001). A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model revealed the pre‐ADT tissue T/DHT ratio and Gleason score as independent predictors for CRPC development. By using the two statistically significant variables, the relative risk of CRPC development could be calculated. The results of this study suggest that the evaluation of prostate androgen content in a single needle biopsy specimen may be useful to predict future CRPC development after primary ADT. Further studies are required for the clinical application of T/DHT ratio evaluation.
High‐Temperature Dielectric Relaxation in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 Single Crystals
Authors: Wang Chunchang , Zhang Meini , Xia Wei 
Published: March 2013

We reported the dielectric properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 single crystal in the temperature range of 300–1073 K and the frequency range of 100 Hz–10 MHz. Our results showed the coexistence of both true‐ and pseudo‐relaxor behaviors in the crystal. The true relaxor behavior related to the paraelectric‐ferroelectric phase transition occurs at~423 K. The pseudo‐relaxor behavior appearing at~773 K was found to be related to oxygen vacancies. Further investigation reveals that the pseudo‐relaxor behavior has fine structure: it contains two oxygen‐vacancy‐related relaxation processes. The low‐temperature relaxation process is a dipolar relaxation created by the hopping motions of the oxygen vacancies, and the high‐temperature relaxation process is a Maxwell‐Wagner relaxation caused by the sample/electrode contacts.
Assessment of ripening stages of Cavendish dwarf bananas as host or non‐host to Bactrocera invadens
Authors: Cugala D. , Ekesi S. , Ambasse D. , Adamu R. S. , Mohamed S. A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe assessed the infestation of Bactrocera invadens Drew Tsuruta & White on field‐collected Cavendish dwarf bananas of different ripening stages in Kenya and Mozambique. Of 5085 fruits collected in Kenya, B. invadens was reared from all ripening stages except bananas at the mature green stage. The highest level of fruit fly infestation was recorded from the ‘all yellow’ fruit ripening stage at 17% of which 401 B. invadens was recovered. In Mozambique, no fruit flies were recovered from a total of 169 fruits of different ripening stages sampled. Of 1349 culled Cavendish dwarf bananas sample, the highest number of fruit flies (518 B. invadens) was recovered from fruits that were precociously ripened. In field cage experiments conducted in Kenya and Mozambique, although oviposition wounds (101–587) were observed on green bananas after artificial infestation with 100–1000 gravid B. invadens females, no flies were recovered from fruits at the green stage of harvest maturity. Based on the results of these findings, mature green bananas of the Cavendish dwarf cultivar should be considered as a non‐host stage of maturity for B. invadens. However, bunches with precociously ripened fingers and with other damages such as cracks and splits, ant burns, abrasions, point bruise, tip rot or general decay should be carefully inspected before export and discarded because such damages can permit attack by B. invadens and pose the risk of inadvertent translocation of the insect during export.