bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rash with the multitargeted kinase inhibitors nilotinib and dasatinib: meta‐analysis and clinical characterization
Authors: Drucker Aaron M. , Wu Shenhong , Busam Klaus J. , Berman Ellin , Amitay‐Laish Iris , Lacouture Mario E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectivesNilotinib and dasatinib are second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors approved for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In clinical trials, they have both been reported to cause rash in a significant number of patients, but its incidence varies significantly and has not been characterized clinically or histologically. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of rash with nilotinib and dasatinib, and to provide a clinical and histopathological description of the rash.MethodsWe conducted a meta‐analysis of clinical trials evaluating nilotinib and dasatinib to determine and compare the incidence of rash with these medications. Additionally, we performed a retrospective chart review to analyze the clinical presentation and histology of patients presenting with rash.ResultsThe incidence of all‐grade (grade 1–4) rash with nilotinib was 34.3% (95% CI, 27.9–41.3), higher (P = 0.017) than with dasatinib (23.3%; 95% CI, 18.8–28.6). Similarly, the incidence of high‐grade rash with nilotinib (2.6%; 95% CI, 2.1–3.4) was higher (P = 0.002) than with dasatinib (1.1%; 95% CI, 0.8–1.6). The clinical presentation often consisted of a pruritic, perifollicular hyperkeratotic, occasionally erythematous papular rash affecting most areas of the body, depending on the severity.ConclusionsBoth nilotinib and dasatinib are associated with rash in a significant number of patients. Further studies to prevent and treat rash with nilotinib and dasatinib are required to improve patient quality of life, adherence with therapy and oncologic outcome.
Prevalence of Primary and Secondary Antimicrobial Resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Korea from 2003 through 2012
Authors: Lee Jung Won , Kim Nayoung , Kim Jung Mogg , Nam Ryoung Hee , Chang Hyun , Kim Jae Yeon , Shin Cheol Min , Park Young Soo , Lee Dong Ho , Jung Hyun Chae 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) affects the efficacy of eradication therapy. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of primary and secondary resistance of H. pylori isolates to antibiotics and to characterize the risk factors associated with antimicrobial resistance in Korea.Materials and MethodsThis study was performed during the period of 2003–2012. Primary resistance was evaluated from 347 patients without any history of eradication, and secondary resistance was evaluated in 86 patients from whom H. pylori was cultured after failure of eradication. Minimal inhibitory concentration test was performed for amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, azithromycin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin using agar dilution method. Primary and secondary resistance rates of H. pylori to 7 antibiotics were evaluated and risk factors for the antibiotic resistance were analyzed.ResultsIncrease in the primary resistance rate was found in amoxicillin (6.3–14.9%, p = .051), clarithromycin (17.2–23.7%, p = .323), and both of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin (4.7–28.1%, p = .002) during the study period. Secondary resistance rate significantly increased in metronidazole, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Increase of resistance occurred after initial failure of eradication therapy in case of clarithromycin (p < .001), azithromycin (p < .001), levofloxacin (p = .011), and moxifloxacin (p = .020). Multivariable analyses showed that clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin resistance was associated with previous eradication treatment history.ConclusionsThe increased primary and secondary antibiotic resistance of H. pylori in Korea is ongoing, and it will become a significant limitation for effective eradication of H. pylori in the future.
Reduction in bacterial counts in infected root canals after rotary or hand nickel–titanium instrumentation – a clinical study
Authors: Rôças I. N. , Lima K. C. , Siqueira Jr J. F. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimTo compare the antibacterial efficacy of two instrumentation techniques, one using hand nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments and the other using rotary NiTi instruments, in root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis.MethodologyRoot canals from single‐rooted teeth were instrumented using either hand NiTi instruments in the alternated rotation motion technique or rotary BioRaCe instruments. The irrigant used in both groups was 2.5% NaOCl. DNA extracts from samples taken before and after instrumentation were subjected to quantitative analysis by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Qualitative analysis was also performed using presence/absence data from culture and qPCR assays.ResultsBacteria were detected in all S1 samples by both methods. In culture analysis, 45% and 35% of the canals were still positive for bacterial presence after hand and rotary NiTi instrumentation, respectively (P > 0.05). Rotary NiTi instrumentation resulted in significantly fewer qPCR‐positive cases (60%) than hand NiTi instrumentation (95%) (P = 0.01). Intergroup comparison of quantitative data showed no significant difference between the two techniques.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in bacterial reduction in infected canals after instrumentation using hand or rotary NiTi instruments. In terms of incidence of positive results for bacteria, culture also showed no significant differences between the groups, but the rotary NiTi instrumentation resulted in more negative results in the more sensitive qPCR analysis.
The effect of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on root fracture and microhardness of radicular dentine
Authors: Yassen G. H. , Vail M. M. , Chu T. G. , Platt J. A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on root fracture resistance and microhardness of radicular dentine.MethodologyThe root canals of mandibular premolars (n = 180) were instrumented and randomized into three treatment groups and an untreated control group. Each treatment group received either triple antibiotic paste (TAP), double antibiotic paste (DAP) or calcium hydroxide paste [Ca(OH)2] intracanal medicament. Teeth were kept in saline for 1 week, 1 month or 3 months. After each time‐point, 15 teeth were randomly selected from each group and two root cylinders were obtained from each tooth. One cylinder was subjected to a fracture resistance test, and the other cylinder was used for a microhardness test. Two‐way anova and Tukey's pairwise comparisons were used for statistical analysis.ResultsFor the microhardness test, the two‐way interaction between group and time was significant (P < 0.001). The intracanal application of TAP and DAP caused significant and continuous decrease in root dentine microhardness after one (P < 0.05) and 3 months (P < 0.001), respectively. The three‐month intracanal application of Ca(OH)2 significantly increased the microhardness of root dentine (P < 0.05). The time factor had a significant effect on fracture resistance (P < 0.001). The three intracanal medicaments caused significant decreases in fracture resistance ranging between 19% and 30% after 3‐month application compared to 1‐week application.ConclusionIn this laboratory study, the 3‐month application of triple antibiotic paste, double antibiotic paste or calcium hydroxide paste medicaments significantly reduced the root fracture resistance of extracted teeth compared to a 1‐week application.
Safety of oral midazolam sedation use in paediatric dentistry: a review
Authors: Papineni Arathi , Lourenço‐Matharu Liege , Ashley Paul F. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundLittle information is available as to the safety of midazolam when used as an oral sedative.AimTo evaluate the side effects and other adverse outcomes following use of oral midazolam for behaviour management in paediatric dentistry.DesignA review of published literature relating to the safety and side effects of oral midazolam for use in paediatric dental procedures was conducted. Both randomised controlled trials and non‐randomised studies were assessed. Reported side effects were recorded and classified as either significant or minor. The percentage prevalence of significant or minor side effects per episode of treatment was calculated.ResultsSixteen papers of randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. None of the side effects recorded were considered as significant. Minor side effects were reported (n = 68, 14%), with nausea and vomiting being the most frequently recorded (n = 30, 6%). Eleven papers of non‐randomised studies were included. No significant side effects were recorded. Minor side effects were recorded (n = 157, 8%), with paradoxical reaction being the most common at 3.8%.ConclusionSignificant side effects associated with oral midazolam usage for behaviour management in children and adolescents requiring dental treatment appear to be rare. Minor side effects are more common but determining precise figures is complicated by poor reporting.
The politics of concepts: family and its (putative) replacements
Authors: Edwards Rosalind , McCarthy Jane Ribbens , Gillies Val 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe central concern of this paper is that there has been a move withinBritish sociology to subsume (or sometimes, even replace) the concept of ‘family’ within ideas about personal life, intimacy and kinship. It calls attention to what will be lost sight of by this conceptual move: an understanding of the collective whole beyond the aggregation of individuals; the creation of lacunae that will be (partially) filled by other disciplines; and engagement with policy developments and professional practices that focus on ‘family’ as a core, institutionalized, idea. While repudiating the necessity (and indeed, pointing out the dangers) of providing any definitive answer to definitions of ‘family’, the paper calls for critical reflection on the implications of these conceptual moves.
Not Early Drinking but Early Drunkenness Is a Risk Factor for Problem Behaviors Among Adolescents from 38 European and North American Countries
Authors: Kuntsche Emmanuel , Rossow Ingeborg , Simons‐Morton Bruce , Bogt Tom Ter , Kokkevi Anna , Godeau Emmanuelle 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundMany studies have reported that the earlier the age at first drink (AFDrink) the higher the later drinking levels and related problems. However, unless adolescents proceed into drunkenness, it is unclear why consuming small quantities at early age should lead to later problems. This study investigates the link between AFDrink and problem behaviors (smoking, cannabis use, injuries, fights, and low academic performance) among 15‐year‐olds who did and did not proceed into drunkenness. Among those with drunkenness experience, we tested whether AFDrink predicted problem behaviors over and above the age at first drunkenness (AFDrunk).MethodsMultilevel structural equation models were estimated based on a sample of 44,801 alcohol‐experienced 15‐year‐olds from 38 North American and European countries and regions who participated in the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children cross‐national survey.ResultsOverall, there was a significant association between AFDrink and all 5 problem behaviors. However, this was the case only among those with drunkenness experiences but not among those never drunk. Among the former, AFDrunk was a strong predictor for all 5 problem behaviors, but time from first drink to first drunk did not predict problem behaviors.ConclusionsNot early alcohol initiation but early drunkenness was a risk factor for various adolescent problem behaviors at the age of 15, that is, there was not consistent relationship for the time before the first drunkenness (i.e., since first drinking). Besides targeting early drinking, particular efforts are needed to impede early drunkenness to prevent associated harm in adolescence and beyond.
Is Vitamin D Deficiency a Confounder in Alcoholic Skeletal Muscle Myopathy?
Authors: Wijnia Jan W. , Wielders Jos P. M. , Lips Paul , van de Wiel Albert , Mulder Cornelis L. , Nieuwenhuis K. Gerrit A. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundExcessive intake of alcohol is often associated with low or subnormal levels of vitamin D even in the absence of active liver disease. As vitamin D deficiency is a well‐recognized cause of myopathy, alcoholic myopathy might be related to vitamin D deficiency. Chronic alcoholic myopathy affects approximately half of chronic alcoholics and is characterized by the insidious development of muscular weakness and wasting. Although alcohol or its metabolites may have a direct toxic effect on muscles, the relationship between alcoholic myopathy and vitamin D deficiency has not been examined extensively.MethodsWe reviewed the literature on alcoholic myopathy and hypovitaminosis D myopathy and compared the pathophysiological findings to designate possible mechanisms of vitamin D action in alcohol‐related myopathy.Results and ConclusionsGiven the strong interdependency of suboptimal levels of vitamin D, phosphate, and magnesium in chronic alcohol abuse, we hypothesize that combined deficiencies interfere with membrane and intracellular metabolic processes in chronic alcohol‐related myopathy; however, it is not yet possible to define exact mechanisms of interaction.
Executive Functions in Adult Offspring of Alcohol‐Dependent Probands: Toward a Cognitive Endophenotype?
Authors: Gierski Fabien , Hubsch Bérengère , Stefaniak Nicolas , Benzerouk Farid , Cuervo‐Lombard Christine , Bera‐Potelle Céline , Cohen Renaud , Kahn Jean‐Pierre , Limosin Frédéric 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundExecutive function (EF) impairment in alcohol dependence (AD) has been related to the toxic effects of alcohol on frontal lobes. However, this impairment could be partially present before the onset of the disease and might constitute a vulnerability factor. Although a considerable body of research has investigated executive functioning among AD patients, much less attention has been directed toward high‐risk individuals. Most studies were carried out among children or adolescents, and very few were conducted in adults. The aim of this study was to examine EF in a group of adult offspring of AD individuals.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐five nonalcoholic adults with (family history positive [FHP]) or without (family history negative [FHN]) family history of AD were included in the study. All participants were screened for past and current psychiatric diagnoses, and alcohol, tobacco, and other substance use. They were compared on self‐rated impulsiveness using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale‐11 (BIS‐11) and EF using a neuropsychological test battery.ResultsGroup comparison revealed that FHP participants had significantly higher BIS‐11 scores than the FHN participants, while neuropsychological examination revealed lower EF scores for FHP participants. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the number of AD family members was a predictor of EF results, whereas impulsiveness was not.ConclusionsNonalcoholic adult offspring of AD individuals showed increased impulsiveness and decreased EF, suggesting weakness of 2 distinct neurobehavioral decision systems. Findings support evidence that EF weaknesses may qualify as a suitable endophenotype candidate for AD.
Use of a Hard Palate Mucoperiosteal Flap for Rostral Muzzle Reconstruction in a Dog after a Traumatic Premaxillary Degloving Injury
Authors: Kurach Lindsey , Plesman Rhea , Grier‐Lowe Candace , Linn Kathleen , Anthony James 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo describe a technique for reconstruction of the rostral aspect of the muzzle of a dog after traumatic amputation.Study DesignClinical report.AnimalsAdult female dog.MethodsA 6‐year‐old, intact, female, mixed‐breed dog was admitted for facial reconstructive surgery after traumatic amputation of the rostral aspect of the muzzle. The nasal planum and the rostral portion of the upper lips were missing. A hard palate mucoperiosteal flap and lateral labial advancement flaps were used to reconstruct the nasal philtrum and borders of the nares.ResultsThis reconstructive technique resulted in adequate nostril function and an acceptable cosmetic outcome. One naris developed partial obstruction with granulation tissue that may have occurred because of a lack of circumferential nasal mucosa to appose the skin on that side.ConclusionThe mucoperiosteum of the hard palate can be used to reconstruct the rostral aspect of the muzzle after traumatic amputation, resulting in an acceptable cosmetic outcome.
Sex and the subgingival microbiome: Do female sex steroids affect periodontal bacteria?
Authors: Kumar Purnima S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFluctuations in the levels of sex steroid hormones begin at menarche and end with menopause in the human female. The association between gingivitis and increases in systemic sex steroids has been extensively reported and the biological mechanisms underlying this florid inflammatory state have been examined over several decades. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the evidence in the literature on the effect of female sex steroids on oral bacterial communities.
Endocrinology of menopause
Authors: Edwards Beatrice J. , Li Jin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMenopause is a natural process that occurs in women’s lives as part of normal aging. Many women go through the menopausal transition with few or no symptoms, while some have significant, or even disabling, symptoms. This manuscript reviews the physiologic processes and symptoms connected with menopause and the diseases associated with menopause, as well as how menopausal symptoms are managed.
Endocrinology of sex steroid hormones and cell dynamics in the periodontium
Authors: Mariotti Angelo , Mawhinney Michael 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNumerous scientific studies assert the existence of hormone‐sensitive periodontal tissues. Tissue specificity of hormone localization, identification of hormone receptors and the metabolism of hormones are evidence that periodontal tissues are targets for sex steroid hormones. Although the etiologies of periodontal endocrinopathies are diverse, periodontal pathologies are primarily the consequence of the actions and interactions of sex steroid hormones on specific cells found in the periodontium. This review provides a broad overview of steroid hormone physiology, evidence for the periodontium being a target tissue for sex steroid hormones and theories regarding the roles of sex steroid hormones in periodontal pathogenesis. Using this information, a teleological argument for the actions of steroid hormones in the periodontium is assessed.
Principles of endocrinology
Authors: Leblebicioglu Binnaz , Connors John , Mariotti Angelo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe endocrine system plays a major role in human survival. Endocrine glands secrete chemical messengers or hormones that affect every tissue of the body, including the periodontium, during the life of the individual. As the endocrine system influences a broad assortment of biological activities necessary for life, a general understanding of the principal components and functions of this system is essential. A fundamental assessment of hormone structure, mechanism of action and hormone transport, as well as influence on homeostasis is reviewed. A concise evaluation of the functions of the central endocrine glands, the functions of the major peripheral endocrine glands (other than gonadal tissues) and the known relationships of these hormones to the periodontium is examined.
Do X‐linked diseases affect periodontal health?
Authors: Chien Hua‐Hong , Hart Thomas C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGenetic factors play an important etiologic role in destructive periodontal diseases. There have been reports that sex chromosomes, especially disorders associated with the X chromosome, affect periodontal health. Although numerous X‐linked diseases have been reported to be associated with various periodontal diseases, the association of gingivitis and/or periodontitis with these genetic syndromes should be considered tenuous and raises the question of whether the periodontal manifestation truly arises from an underlying X‐linked genetic etiology. A brief overview of genetics in relation to sex chromosomes and putative X‐linked genetic periodontal diseases is given.
THE LONG‐TERM ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETING LEGISLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: VINK NICK 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe marketing of most agricultural products in South Africa was subject to intervention by statutory bodies over a period of some 60 years. At the time of the promulgation of the first legislation there was a vigorous debate on the predicted economic effects; in 1983 one of the architects of these instruments published a justification in these pages, followed in 2000 by a “post‐mortem,” which confirmed most of the negative predictions that had been made. The purpose in this article is to revisit this debate and to provide a first assessment of the long‐term impacts of the legislation.
IMPLEMENTING A ROBUST RISK MODEL FOR SOUTH AFRICAN EQUITY MARKETS: A PEAK‐OVER‐THRESHOLD APPROACH
Authors: MWAMBA JOHN MUTEBA 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper implements a market risk model for the South African equity market using daily returns of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange All Share Index. Firstly, we separate positive returns from negative returns and model them using the peak‐over‐threshold (POT) method in order to compute the downside as well as upside risk measures separately. We thereafter compute the value‐at‐risk (VAR) and the expected shortfall (ES) estimates corresponding to upside and downside risks. We bootstrap these risk measures and compute their standard errors and confidence intervals (CIs) to see whether they fall inside these CIs. Secondly, we compute out‐sample forecasts of VAR estimates using the POT method and the generalised autogressive conditional heteroscedasticity process. Three backtesting methodologies are employed: the unconditional and conditional coverage tests and the counting of number of exceptions according to Basel II green zone. We find that all our VAR and ES estimates are well inside their CIs and that at lower quantiles, parametric ES estimates are equal to POT‐ES estimates, although the difference between the two is more pronounced at higher quantiles (99% or higher). Furthermore, our market risk model falls into the Basel II green zone, as it produces fewer exceptions in out‐sample space.
SOUTH AFRICA'S POST‐LIBERALISED CAPITAL FLOWS AND BUSINESS CYCLE FLUCTUATIONS
Authors: GOSSEL SEAN J. , BIEKPE NICHOLAS 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study used Christiano and Fitzgerald filtered correlation analysis to investigate the cyclical relationships between South Africa's post‐liberalised capital flows and domestic business cycle fluctuations. The results show that foreign direct investment inflows are counter‐cyclical and proactive, while the “hot” inflows are acyclical. Thus, South Africa's post‐liberalisation “hot” inflows have not been significantly associated with domestic business cycle fluctuations. In contrast, the capital outflows are found to be consistently procyclical and proactive, suggesting that the outflows are more significantly associated with domestic business cycle fluctuations than the capital inflows. In addition, it is found that the cyclical relationships between the capital inflows and the business cycle components of exports, household consumption and gross fixed investment are generally procyclical, except for portfolio inflows, which have a counter‐cyclical relationship with fixed investment. In contrast, the capital outflows are counter‐cyclically associated with exports and household consumption, and procyclically associated with fixed investment.