bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of nutritional level of concentrate‐based diets on meat quality and expression levels of genes related to meat quality in Hainan black goats
Authors: Wang Dingfa , Zhou Luli , Zhou Hanlin , Hou Guanyu , Shi Liguang , Li Mao , Huang Xianzhou , Guan Song 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of the nutritional levels of diets on meat quality and related gene expression in Hainan black goat. Twenty‐four goats were divided into six dietary treatments and were fed a concentrate‐based diet with two levels of crude protein (CP) (15% or 17%) and three levels of digestive energy (DE) (11.72, 12.55 or 13.39 MJ/kg DM) for 90 days. Goats fed the concentrate‐based diet with 17% CP had significantly (P < 0.05) higher average daily gains (ADG) and better feed conversion rates (FCR). The pH 24h value tended to decrease (P < 0.05) with increasing DE levels. The tenderness of Longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) and Semimembranosus muscle (SM) reduced with increasing CP levels (P < 0.05). With increasing DE levels, tenderness was increased (P < 0.05). The heart fatty acid‐binding protein (H‐FABP) mRNA expression levels in LD and SM increased with increasing DE levels (P < 0.05), but decreased with increasing CP levels (P < 0.05). The calpastatin (CAST) and μ‐calpain mRNA expressions levels in LD and SM were affected significantly (P < 0.05) by CP and DE levels in the diet. Therefore, the nutritional levels of diets affect meat quality and expression levels of genes associated with meat quality in Hainan black goats.
A phase 1 clinical trial of vorinostat in combination with decitabine in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Kirschbaum Mark , Gojo Ivana , Goldberg Stuart L. , Bredeson Christopher , Kujawski Lisa A. , Yang Allen , Marks Peter , Frankel Paul , Sun Xing , Tosolini Alessandra , Eid Joseph E. , Lubiniecki Gregory M. , Issa Jean‐Pierre 
Published: July 2014

SummaryPatients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may respond to treatment with epigenetic‐modifying agents. Histone deacetylase inhibitors may synergize with hypomethylating agents. This phase 1 dose‐escalation study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose, recommended phase 2 dose, safety and tolerability of vorinostat plus decitabine in patients with relapsed/refractory AML, newly‐diagnosed AML, or intermediate‐ to high‐grade MDS. Thirty‐four patients received concurrent therapy with decitabine plus vorinostat and 37 received sequential therapy with decitabine followed by vorinostat. Twenty‐nine patients had relapsed/refractory AML, 31 had untreated AML and 11 had MDS. The target maximum administered dose (MAD) of decitabine 20 mg/m2 daily for 5 d plus vorinostat 400 mg/d for 14 d was achieved for concurrent and sequential schedules, with one dose‐limiting toxicity (Grade 3 QTc prolongation) reported in the sequential arm. Common toxicities were haematological and gastrointestinal. Responses were observed more frequently at the MAD on the concurrent schedule compared with the sequential schedule in untreated AML (46% vs. 14%), relapsed/refractory AML (15% vs. 0%) and MDS (60% vs. 0%). Decitabine plus vorinostat given concurrently or sequentially appears to be safe and well‐tolerated. Concurrent therapy shows promising clinical activity in AML or MDS, warranting further investigation.
Selection for cheating across disparate environments in the legume‐rhizobium mutualism
Authors: Porter Stephanie S. , Simms Ellen L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe primary dilemma in evolutionarily stable mutualisms is that natural selection for cheating could overwhelm selection for cooperation. Cheating need not entail parasitism; selection favours cheating as a quantitative trait whenever less‐cooperative partners are more fit than more‐cooperative partners. Mutualisms might be stabilised by mechanisms that direct benefits to more‐cooperative individuals, which counter selection for cheating; however, empirical evidence that natural selection favours cheating in mutualisms is sparse. We measured selection on cheating in single‐partner pairings of wild legume and rhizobium lineages, which prevented legume choice. Across contrasting environments, selection consistently favoured cheating by rhizobia, but did not favour legumes that provided less benefit to rhizobium partners. This is the first simultaneous measurement of selection on cheating across both host and symbiont lineages from a natural population. We empirically confirm selection for cheating as a source of antagonistic coevolutionary pressure in mutualism and a biological dilemma for models of cooperation.
Mating Preferences of the Gynogenetic Amazon Molly Differ Between Populations Sympatric with Different Host Species
Authors: Kim Diana , Waller John , Aspbury Andrea S. , Gabor Caitlin R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGynogenetic species rely on sperm from heterospecifics for reproduction but do not receive genetic benefits from mating because none of the paternal genome is incorporated into offspring. The gynogenetic Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) is a species of hybrid origins that are sympatric with one of the two parent species that provide sperm for reproduction, P. latipinna or P. mexicana. Amazons should not prefer to mate with one species over the other because sperm from both species will trigger embryogenesis, but mating preferences may be present in Amazons through other mechanisms. Amazons may prefer the more familiar species (males found in sympatry), or Amazons may prefer males with the greatest lateral projection area (LPA), a preference that is present in the parent species and may be retained within the Amazon hybrid genome. We tested association preferences of two populations of Amazons sympatric with either P. mexicana or P. latipinna. We first performed live trials to test whether Amazons preferred one host species over the other and found that neither population of Amazons showed a preference. We then tested whether Amazons preferred sympatric male (familiar) host or the male with the greatest lateral projection area (LPA) using four animated male models that varied in host species and manipulation of LPA. We found Amazons from a population sympatric with P. latipinna showed no variation in their association preference across the different models. In contrast, Amazons from a population sympatric with P. mexicana (naturally small LPA) spent more time associating with the male models that had smaller LPA, which is more familiar to this population of Amazons. We suggest that Amazons may have population differences in mating preferences, where Amazons sympatric with P. latipinna may not show mating preference for host species, but Amazons sympatric with P. mexicana may show preferences for more familiar‐shaped males.
Environmentally‐mediated consumer control of algal proliferation in Florida springs
Authors: Liebowitz Dina M. , Cohen Matthew J. , Heffernan James B. , Korhnak Lawrence V. , Frazer Thomas K. 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Reduced grazing can lead to increases in autotroph biomass and changes in taxonomic composition similar to those associated with nutrient enrichment. In Florida's iconic spring ecosystems, algal proliferation has become widespread, yet the causes remain unclear.

We tested three linked hypotheses: (i) loss of top‐down grazer control explains algae proliferation, a change often attributed to nitrate enrichment; (ii) grazer control is mediated by dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration; and (iii) an algal‐dominated state may persist if biomass exceeds a critical level beyond which grazers can no longer constrain accumulation.

We tested these hypotheses using hierarchically nested benthic surveys of algal, vascular plant and gastropod biomasses along with physicochemical measurements in eleven springs spanning gradients in nitrogen enrichment, algal cover and DO.

We observed a significant and temporally consistent negative association between algal and gastropod biomasses (R2 = 0.38), with gastropods displaying the strongest explanatory power in multivariate prediction models that explained 45% of algal variation in the best fitted model.

A modest but significant positive bivariate association was observed between gastropod biomass and DO (R2 = 0.23); a multivariate model including temperature, velocity, canopy cover, submerged aquatic vegetation and conductivity explained 56% of gastropod variation.

Residuals from a linear relationship between gastropod and algal biomasses were strongly bimodal above a threshold grazer biomass of 20 g dry weight m−2 (c. 235 snails m−2) suggesting alternative states of high and low algal abundance.

These observations support the hypothesis that gastropods have the potential to control benthic algae in Florida's springs, identify DO as a partial explanation for variation in grazer abundance and imply potentially important hysteretic behaviour in top‐down algal control.
Distinct claudin expression characterizes BRCA1‐related breast cancer
Authors: Heerma van Voss Marise R , van Diest Paul J , Smolders Yvonne H C M , Bart Joost , van der Wall Elsken , van der Groep Petra 
Published: July 2014

AimsMembers of the claudin family are involved in cancer progression and are differentially expressed in subtypes of breast cancer. Breast cancers in BRCA1 germ line mutation carriers have distinct clinicopathological characteristics. Biomarkers that discriminate between BRCA1‐related and sporadic breast cancer cases are needed to improve early identification of mutation carriers. In this study we evaluated protein expression of five major claudins in BRCA1‐related breast cancers in comparison with sporadic controls.Methods and resultsForty breast cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers and 40 age‐matched sporadic breast cancers were immunohistochemically stained for claudins 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7. Total intratumoural expression levels were compared to those in the surrounding normal tissue. In addition, subcellular claudin expression was scored. Higher overexpression rates were observed for all five claudins in BRCA1‐related breast cancers when compared to sporadic controls. In multivariate analysis, overexpression of claudin 3, 4, and 7 was mainly dependent on ER‐status, whereas overexpression of claudin 6 and high membranous expression of claudin 1 were independent of other characteristics.ConclusionsBRCA1‐related breast cancers are characterized by frequent overexpression of claudins. Especially claudin 1 and 6 expression may help to discriminate mutation carriers from sporadic breast cancer cases.
Cost of Stroke in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kaur Paramdeep , Kwatra Gagandeep , Kaur Raminder , Pandian Jeyaraj D. 
Published: July 2014

Background There is limited information available from low and middle-income countries regarding the cost of stroke treatment. Hence, we aimed to review the costs of stroke in low and middle-income countries. Summary of review The literature search was done using databases: PubMed/Medline, Ovid, EconLit and Google Scholar from 1966 until January 2014 using key words ‘economic impact of stroke’, ‘cost of illness in low and middle income countries’ and ‘cost of stroke’. With these key words, 10/184 articles were retained for this review. The cost data were converted to 2013 currency values using a web-based tool (CCEMG-EPPI-centre cost converter). Most of the included studies were conducted in Asia. The design of these studies was retrospective and conducted predominantly in multicenter private hospitals. The highest mean direct medical cost of stroke was US$ 8424 in Nigeria. The lowest mean cost of stroke was in Senegal (US$ 416). The average length of hospital stay was longest (20 days) in China. The main predictors of higher costs appeared to be due to differences in length of stay and stroke severity. Conclusion Costs of stroke are variable because of heterogeneous healthcare systems prevailing in low and middle-income countries. Length of hospital stay and stroke severity appear to be the main predictors of cost. Understanding the costs of stroke in low and middle-income countries is important. However, the evidence remains limited because there is a lack of standardized research. Future research should focus on using a uniform method across low and middle-income countries for estimating the costs of stroke.
Early vs. late adoption of radical information technology innovations across software development organizations: an extension of the disruptive information technology innovation model
Authors: Carlo Jessica Luo , Gaskin James , Lyytinen Kalle , Rose Gregory M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper extends the disruptive information technology innovation model (DITIM) by exploring the impact of adoption timing on innovation outcomes within software development organizations during a disruptive innovation cycle. The DITIM suggests that radical changes in computing platforms result in pervasive and radical innovations in software development organizations across three innovation types: base technologies adopted, services produced and processes adopted. Upstream attributes (amount and radicalness) of the base innovations impact effects in‐kind downstream (a.k.a., strong order effects) on services and processes. Extending these tenets of the DITIM, we posit that during disruptive information technology (IT) innovation, the temporal stage of innovation activity (early vs. late) by software development organizations will significantly impact four innovation characteristics: (1) adoption rate of radical IT innovations, (2) strong order effects on downstream innovations related to the amount of innovation, (3) perceived radicalness of innovations and (4) strong order effects on downstream innovations related to the amount of perceived radicalness of innovation. We examine these impacts by reanalysing a cross‐sectional study of 121 software development organizations that adopted internet computing as reported in the original data analysis of the DITIM. By splitting the data into early and late adopter groups, our moderation analysis shows significant differences between early and late adopting groups in each of the four hypothesized impacts. Specifically, the adoption rate of radical IT innovations, strong order effects on the amount of innovation, perceived radicalness of innovations and strong order effects on perceived radicalness were each found to differ between early and late adopters. However, it is also important to consider innovation type as three significant effects were in the opposite direction for process innovations. These findings suggest that IT‐innovation scholars and practitioners should carefully consider innovation timing and type when studying or managing radical IT innovation.
Severe Hyperthermia, Hypernatremia, and Early Postoperative Death After Transethmoidal Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA)‐Assisted Diencephalic Mass Removal in 4 Dogs and 2 Cats
Authors: Marino Dominic J. , Dewey Curtis W. , Loughin Catherine A. , Marino Leonard J. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo report clinical findings including severe hyperthermia and hypernatremia after transethmoidal Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA)‐assisted diencephalic mass removal.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsDogs (n = 4) and 2 cats.MethodsMedical records (1997–2003) of dogs and cats that had transethmoidal CUSA‐assisted diencephalic mass removal were reviewed. Retrieved data were: history, signalment, blood work, neurologic examination findings, MRI results, histopathology, postoperative complications, pre‐ and postoperative medical therapy, and outcome.ResultsTumor types included: meningioma (n = 3), choroid plexus papilloma (1), astrocytoma (1), and pituitary macroadenoma (1). Median onset of hyperthermia was 3.5 hours (range: 1–6 hours) after extubation; median high temperature at onset was 40.3°C, (range: 39.6–41.7°C). Median onset of hypernatremia (median, 172 mmol/L; range: 168–196 mmol/L) was 4.5 hours (range: 1–9 hours) after extubation. Median time of death after hyperthermia was 10.5 hours (range: 6–13 hours) and after extubation was 13.5 hours (range: 11–15 hours).ConclusionsTransethmoidal CUSA‐assisted diencephalic mass removal is associated with early postoperative hyperthermia, hypernatremia, and death, and cannot be recommended.
Gene–environment interaction between adiponectin gene polymorphisms and environmental factors on the risk of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Li Yuan , Wu Qun Hong , Jiao Ming Li , Fan Xiao Hong , Hu Quan , Hao Yan Hua , Liu Ruo Hong , Zhang Wei , Cui Yu , Han Li Yuan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo evaluate whether the adiponectin gene is associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk and interaction with environmental factors modifies the DR risk, and to investigate the relationship between serum adiponectin levels and DR.Materials and MethodsFour adiponectin polymorphisms were evaluated in 372 DR cases and 145 controls. Differences in environmental factors between cases and controls were evaluated by unconditional logistic regression analysis. The model‐free multifactor dimensionality reduction method and traditional multiple regression models were applied to explore interactions between the polymorphisms and environmental factors.ResultsUsing the Bonferroni method, we found no significant associations between four adiponectin polymorphisms and DR susceptibility. Multivariate logistic regression found that physical activity played a protective role in the progress of DR, whereas family history of diabetes (odds ratio 1.75) and insulin therapy (odds ratio 1.78) were associated with an increased risk for DR. The interaction between the C‐11377 G (rs266729) polymorphism and insulin therapy might be associated with DR risk. Family history of diabetes combined with insulin therapy also increased the risk of DR. No adiponectin gene polymorphisms influenced the serum adiponectin levels. Serum adiponectin levels did not differ between the DR group and non‐DR group.ConclusionsNo significant association was identified between four adiponectin polymorphisms and DR susceptibility after stringent Bonferroni correction. The interaction between C‐11377G (rs266729) polymorphism and insulin therapy, as well as the interaction between family history of diabetes and insulin therapy, might be associated with DR susceptibility.
Identification of mRNA‐like non‐coding RNAs and validation of a mighty one named MAR in Panax ginseng
Authors: Wang Meizhen , Wu Bin , Chen Chao , Lu Shanfa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play significant roles in plants. However, little is known about lncRNAs in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, an economically significant medicinal plant species. A total of 3,688 mRNA‐like non‐coding RNAs (mlncRNAs), a class of lncRNAs, were identified in P. ginseng. Approximately 40% of the identified mlncRNAs were processed into small RNAs, implying their regulatory roles via small RNA‐mediated mechanisms. Eleven miRNA‐generating mlncRNAs also produced siRNAs, suggesting the coordinated production of miRNAs and siRNAs in P. ginseng. The mlncRNA‐derived small RNAs might be 21‐, 22‐, or 24‐nt phased and could be generated from both or only one strand of mlncRNAs, or from super long hairpin structures. A full‐length mlncRNA, termed MAR (multiple‐function‐associated mlncRNA), was cloned. It generated the most abundant siRNAs. The MAR siRNAs were predominantly 24‐nt and some of them were distributed in a phased pattern. A total of 228 targets were predicted for 71 MAR siRNAs. Degradome sequencing validated 68 predicted targets involved in diverse metabolic pathways, suggesting the significance of MAR in P. ginseng. Consistently, MAR was detected in all tissues analyzed and responded to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. It sheds light on the function of mlncRNAs in plants.
Detection and management of the deteriorating ward patient: an evaluation of nursing practice
Authors: Odell Mandy 
Published: July 2014

Aims and objectivesTo audit ward nursing practice in the adherence to an early warning scoring protocol in the detection and initial management of the deteriorating ward patient and investigate factors that may impact on practice.BackgroundHospital inpatients can experience unexpected physiological deterioration leading to poor outcomes and death. Although deterioration can be signalled in the patients' physiological symptoms, evidence suggests that ward staff can miss, misinterpret or mismanage the signs. Rapid response systems have been implemented to address this problem. The rapid response systems consists of two phases: the afferent phase involves monitoring the patient, recognising deterioration and referring to more expert help and the efferent phase involves expert teams assessing and treating the patient. Research has tended to concentrate on the efferent phase of the process and has so far failed to show a significant impact on patient outcome.MethodsUsing cardiac arrest as a surrogate marker for deterioration, patient records were retrospectively reviewed during the 12 hours prior to the cardiac arrest event. Data relating to nursing practice and adherence to the early warning scoring protocol were extracted and analysed.FindingsThe findings suggest that ward nurses' monitoring of patients' observations has improved compared with earlier research, but errors in early warning scoring and nonadherence to referral protocols are still a problem. A number of potentially influential factors on nursing practice were tested, but only deterioration occurring outside normal weekdays was associated with a reduced quality of nursing adherence to protocol.ConclusionsThe implementation of rapid response systems may have been an oversimplified solution to the highly complex problem of undetected patient deterioration. There are a multitude of contributory factors to the problem of noncompliance to early warning scoring protocols, and possible solutions will need to reflect the breadth, depth and complexity of the problem if we are to improve patient experience and outcome.Relevance to clinical practiceAn audit of nursing practice against an early warning scoring protocol based on national recommendations and standards in the recording of and response to physiological deterioration in the ward patient has shown that vital signs recording has improved, but early warning scoring accuracy and referral to more expert help remain suboptimal. By identifying areas of suboptimal practice, strategies for education and training and service development can be better informed. More in‐depth evidence on factors that may impact the quality of nursing practice has been identified. Problems with rapid response systems assumptions have been highlighted, which may facilitate the implementation of more realistic solutions for managing the deteriorating ward patient.