bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel NIR Fluorescent Probe for Rapid Response to Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Lv Xiaoci , Xie Yu , Li Heping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as an important small molecule bioregulator, plays a key role in many physiological activities and signaling, and abnormal fluctuations in H2S concentration can lead to a variety of diseases. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a near-infrared fluorescence probe to visualize fluctuations in H2S levels. This work is based on Sulfur-substituted dicyanomethylene-4H-chromene (DCM), A novel NIR fluorescent probe (E) -3 - (2 - (4 - (dicyanomethylene) -6-methyl-4H-Thiochromen-2-yl)vinyl-1-methylquinolin-1-ium (DMT) was synthesized successfully. Research has found that in weakly alkaline environments, the probe DMT reacts rapidly with H2S (only 10 s), the fluorescence intensity at 684 nm is enhanced by about 60 fold, the detection limit is as low as 0.1623 µM, the Stokes shift is large (94 nm), and strong selectivity as well as anti-interference ability towards H2S. This will provide a new method for the rapid detection and further application of H2S.
A Tutorial for Integrating Generative AI in Mixed Methods Data Analysis
Authors: Combrinck Celeste 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The current article used real data to demonstrate the analysis and synthesis of Mixed Methods Research (MMR) data with generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI). I explore how reliable and valid Gen AI data outputs are and how to improve their use. The current content is geared towards enhancing methodological application regardless of field or discipline and includes access to a prompt library and examples of using outputs. The demonstration data used emanated from a study done in South Africa, with a quantitative sample size of 969 first-year engineering students and, for the qualitative part, 14 second-year students. In the current article, I compare my original analysis to ChatGPT results. Generative AI as a mind tool is best used with human insight, and I found this to be especially true when coding qualitative data. ChatGPT produced generic codes if asked to do inductive coding, and the results improved when training the Gen AI on human examples, which led to moderate and significant correlations between human and machine coding. The quantitative analysis was accurate for the descriptive statistics, but the researcher had to use best judgment to select the correct inferential analysis. Quantitative and qualitative analysis should be conducted separately in generative AI before asking the Chatbot for help with mixed methods results. In the current paper, I give guidelines and a tutorial on how to use chatbots in an ethically responsible and scientifically sound manner for research in social and human sciences.
Inverse-designed ultra-compact passive phase shifters for high-performance beam steering
Authors: Fu Tianyang , Chu Mengfan , Yan Xin , Yuan Xueguang , Zhang Yang’An , Zhang Jinnan , Zhang Xia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Ultra-compact passive phase shifters are inversely designed by the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. The wavelength-dependent phase difference between two output beams is originated from the different distance of the input light passing through the 4 µm×3.2 µm rectangular waveguide with random-distributed air-hole arrays. As the wavelength changes from 1535 to 1565 nm, a phase difference tuning range of 6.26 rad and 6.95 rad is obtained for TE and TM mode, respectively. Compared with the array waveguide grating counterpart, the phase shifters exhibit higher transmission and lower excess loss, with a much smaller footprint. By combining the inverse-designed phase shifter and random-grating emitter together, integrated beam steering structures are built, which show a large scanning range of ± 25.47° and ± 27.85° in lateral direction for TE and TM mode, respectively. This work may pave the way for the development of ultra-compact high-performance optical phased array LiDARs.
Reference intervals of novel thrombus markers in healthy older Chinese adults
Authors: Zhang Lei , Chen Yiming , Hu Rong , Chen Hua , Peng Xu , Yuan Hui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To explore the distribution of thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex (PIC), thrombomodulin (TM), and tissue plasminogen activator-inhibitor complex (t-PAIC) in healthy older Chinese adults, and establish the reference intervals (RIs).
Methods
The plasma concentrations of TAT, PIC, TM, and t-PAIC were measured in 1628 adults ≥ 60 years old; the RIs were established with the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of the distribution.
Results
TAT levels in males of all ages were lower than those in females. Differences between the ages of 60–79 and ≥ 80 in both sex groups were statistically significant, with an upward trend with age. There was no difference in PIC levels between sex groups. There were differences in all age groups within the two sex groups; the trend increased with age. TM levels did not differ between the sex groups, with little fluctuation with age. The level in females aged 60–69 was slightly higher than that in the other groups; the difference was statistically significant. T-PAIC levels were not significantly different between the sex groups, with less fluctuation with sex and age. The level in males ≥ 80 years old was slightly lower than that in the other groups; the difference was statistically significant. The RIs for all markers in healthy older Chinese adults were determined and statistically reported by age and sex.
Conclusions
Discrepancies exist in novel thrombus markers among different sex and age groups. The RIs of TAT, PIC, TM and t-PAIC for healthy older Chinese adults were successfully established.
Range expansion of the invasive hybrid cattail Typha x glauca exceeds that of its maternal plant T. angustifolia in the western Prairie Pothole Region of North America
Authors: Joyee Sanjuti Deb , Dorken Marcel , Freeland Joanna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Wetlands around the world face unprecedented threats, including from invasive species. In North America, the invasive cattail hybrid Typha x glauca dominates wetlands around the Laurentian Great Lakes, and more recently was found in high abundance across the central and eastern Prairie Pothole Region, an area that includes one of the world’s largest wetland complexes. Surveys of the Typha hybrid zone have so far been largely conducted in areas where hybrids are well established, and it therefore remains unclear whether the range expansion of this invasive hybrid occurs after the establishment of its maternal species, T. angustifolia. We surveyed 50 wetlands in the western PPR, and found that while 75% of plants were native T. latifolia, the second most common group was F1 hybrids: these had greater abundance and occupancy than T. angustifolia despite the fact that T. angustifolia produces relatively few hybrid seeds, and therefore highlights the importance of long-distance dispersal for this hybrid range expansion. The distribution of hybrids combined with the paucity of non-F1 hybrids suggests that the western PPR represents a leading edge of the range expansion by invasive T. x glauca. Our results show that T. x glauca has the capacity for continued range expansion that does not rely on the presence of T. angustifolia, and the impacts of this range expansion should be monitored because of its potential to impede ecosystem services and reduce local biodiversity.
A BiFPN-SECA Detection Network for Foreign Objects on Top of Railway Freight Vehicles
Authors: Liu Sheng , Yang Yiqing , Cao Ting , Zhu Yi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Foreign object detection on top of railway freight vehicles is critical to ensuring the safety and efficiency railway transportation. However, this task faces major challenges such as low accuracy and potential false positives and false negatives. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a novel BiFPN-SECA Network, Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network with Squeeze-and-Excitation Channel Attention, which integrates an attention mechanism combining contextual features and coordinate information. This innovative approach improves detection performance by effectively capturing and emphasizing key features. The ordinary convolutional layers in the coordinate attention mechanism are improved in SEnet to increase the attention to the regions of interest. Second, an improved coordinate attention mechanism module is embedded before the BiFPN sampling layer and after the backbone output layer to enhance key feature extraction. In addition, a dataset of foreign objects in railway freight vehicles was established, including bag, stone and torn. Experimental results verify that the BiFPN-SECA Network is able to improve detection accuracy, with an accuracy of 94.57$\%$, demonstrating its potential to significantly enhance the safety and reliability of railway freight.
DFT Study of Charge Transfer Complexes Between Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin Drugs with Picric Acid and 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic Acid Acceptors
Authors: hadigheh-rezvan Vahideh , Salehzadeh Jaber 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This work reports density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the molecular structures, electronic distribution, electric moments, thermodynamic parameters, molecular electrostatic map, nonlinear optical activity, and UV-vis and IR spectroscopy analysis of charge transfer complexes between norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, as electron-donors and π-electron-acceptors, namely picric acid and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, formed in the gas phase at the B3LYP/6-311‏‏G (d,p) method/basis sets. Good correspondence was generally obtained between the calculated parameters and the experimental ones.
Exosome-derived circ-001422 promote tumor-associated macrophage M2 polarization to accelerate the progression of glioma
Authors: Shan Lei , Cao Wenpeng , Zeng Zhirui , Sun JianFei , Chen Yunhua , Kuang FaGuang , Luo Shipeng , Lan Jinzhi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Cytokines, tumor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages play crucial roles in the composition of glioma tissue. Studies have demonstrated that certain cytokines can induce M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and contribute to the progression of glioma. Nonetheless, the intricate molecular interactions among cytokines, glioma cells, and tumor-associated macrophages remain largely unexplored. To investigate this cross-talk, a combination of RNA-sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, immunoprecipitation, exosome isolation, and biological experiments were employed. Treatment with IL-6 significantly increased circ-001422 expression in glioma cells. A poorer prognosis was associated with elevated levels of circ-001422 in glioma tissues. Circ-001422 was transcribed directly by STAT3 through binding to its promoter. Co-culturing macrophages with glioma cells knockdown of circ-001422 significantly reduced cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, glioma cells were found to transfer circ-001422 to macrophages via an exosomal pathway, promoting M2 polarization. Mechanically, circ-001422 interacted with p300, resulting in STAT3 acetylation, thus promoting nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of STAT3/NF-κB and M2 macrophage polarization. In conclusion, glioma cells released exosomes enriched with circ-001422, which in turn induce M2 macrophage polarization by activating the STAT3/NF-κB pathway, thereby enhancing the aggressive characteristics of glioma cells. Targeting circ-001422 may represent a potential therapeutic approach for glioma.
Material Defects Characterized by Trees
Authors: Miao Yanan , Li Yong , Yao Jinshuai , Li Qizhuang , Di Yaao , Liu Xunchen , Han Shanling , Chen Long 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The detailed characterization of defects, including cracks, in materials has posed a significant challenge in the field of solid mechanics. Currently, irregularly shaped defects that cannot be accurately described using Euclidean geometry are often simplified into shapes such as thin strips and ellipses, which limits their comprehensive characterization. In this study, we propose a novel approach utilizing non-Euclidean trees to characterize various defect details by skeletonizing them into tree structures and constructing their heterogeneous tensors. By employing image processing skeleton algorithms, we introduce the concept of "skeletonized trees" as a new way to characterize defects. Furthermore, we establish the "tree heterogeneous tensor," which incorporates parameters such as diameter, aspect ratio, fractal dimension, centrality, and minimum radius of curvature to represent the properties of defects through node and edge representations within the skeletonized trees. We also introduce for the first time a similarity criterion for single defects in 3D printing and develop the rigidity degradation index equation for determining the maximum parameter weightage of the tree heterogeneous tensor- aspect ratio and centrality. The utilization of skeletonized trees allows for closer representation of defect details related to material degradation while providing a theoretical foundation for understanding damage mechanisms and enhancing model generalization capabilities.
Functional and Postoperative Outcomes in Ileal Pouch- Anal Anastomosis in Patients with a Neurological Disease
Authors: Schabl Lukas , Holubar Stefan D. , Erozkan Kamil , Alipouriani Ali , Steele Scott R. , Spivak Anna R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease may experience pelvic floor dysfunction and constipation which can affect ileoanal pouch emptying. This can lead to complications such as pouchitis, pouch dysfunction, and failure. We hypothesized that patients with neurological diseases have a higher rate of pouch failure and complications than healthy controls.
Methods
Data were sourced from the institutional ileoanal pouch database. Patients with multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease, diagnosed before or after pouch construction, were matched to a control group of patients without neurological disease using propensity score-optimal matching. Demographics, postoperative and functional outcomes, and quality of life were analyzed.
Results
Twenty-six patients (38%) with multiple sclerosis and 16 (62%) with Parkinson's disease were matched with 42 healthy controls. The overall median age was 39 years, median BMI was 25.3 kg/m2, and most patients were female (61.9%). Preoperative colorectal diagnoses included ulcerative colitis (83.3%), indeterminate colitis (9.5%), and Crohn's disease (7.1%). Patients with neurological diseases had higher ASA scores (class III, 57.1% vs. 21.4%; p<0.01), fewer nocturnal bowel movements (median 0 vs. 2; p<0.001), fewer bowel movements over 24 h (median 6 vs. 8; p=0.01), and were less likely to recommend IPAA construction (72.7% vs. 97%; p=0.01) than the controls. Other surgical, functional, and quality-of-life outcomes were similar.
Conclusion
Patients with multiple sclerosis or Parkinson’s disease differed in pouch function compared with healthy controls. Such patients should be counselled that their pouch function may be impaired. The rate of pouch failure was similar, showing its feasibility despite multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease.
Obesity Development in Rats Exposed to Traffic-Induced Air Pollution and Forced Exercise
Authors: Ayşin Nesrullah , Özsoy Süheyla Altuğ , Huyut Zübeyir 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization ranks air pollution and obesity among the top ten threats to human health. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that exposure to ambient air pollution may be linked to the development of obesity.
Aim
The aim of this study is to provide scientific evidence for the investigation of obesity development in rats exposed to traffic-induced air pollution and forced exercise.
Methods
Written permission was obtained from the Local Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments to conduct the study. The experimental setup was created to represent a realistic exposure as much as possible to create traffic-induced air pollution. Furthermore, a treadmill suitable for six rats to run comfortably at a time was provided. The study was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental research design. 48 healthy Wistar Albino female rats aged 10–12 weeks and weighing 180–195 g were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into six groups (Control group, EG (4 hours), EG (2 hours), E (30 min), EG (4 hours) + E (30 min), EG (2 hours) + E (30 min)), each with eight rats. The average feed intake of each group was recorded daily during the experimental treatments. Each week, body weights were recorded using a precision weighing scale, and height was recorded by measuring the distance between the nose and anus. After the experimental treatments (60th day), all rats were injected with 90 mg/kg ketamine i.p. and sacrificed. Abdominal fat was isolated, and BMI was calculated.
Results
At the end of the experiment, it was detected that there was a significant increase in body weights, feed consumption, BMI, Lee index, and VAI in the groups exposed only to exhaust gas compared to the control group (p < 0.001), and a significant decrease in body weights, BMI, Lee index and VAI in the groups that were forced to exercise after exhaust gas exposure compared to the groups exposed only to exhaust gas (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
It was revealed that there is clear and substantial evidence for a link between traffic-induced air pollution and the development of overweight/obesity, while exercise prevents the development of obesity by reducing the effects of air pollution exposure. Further research on exposure duration, threshold dose range, and gender-specific differences associated with air pollution is needed to confirm our findings, as well as research on the efficacy of precise interventions and measures for obesity prevention.
Enhanced Catalytic Conversion of Ortho-Hydrogen to Para-Hydrogen by using Iron- Cobalt Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Yang Liujing , Li Xinbao , Sun Kai , Zheng Xiaoling , Chen Ying 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The catalytic conversion of ortho-hydrogen (o-H2) to para-hydrogen (p-H2) serves as a crucial step in the storage of liquid hydrogen over extended periods. A variety of iron-cobalt catalysts were synthesized using a precipitation technique, incorporating diverse levels of Co doping into Fe-based catalysts. The effects of Co doping on the crystal structure, porosity, and magnetism of FCO were examined through XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, FTIR, XPS, and VSM analyses. The efficacy of ortho-para hydrogen conversion within FCO at 77 K was analyzed using chromatography. Findings revealed that Co doping enhances the material’s lag coefficient, leading to an increase in active sites and larger magnetic moments. Notably, FCO-5 [n(Fe)/n(Fe + Co) = 0.5] exhibited the most efficient ortho-para hydrogen conversion performance. Specifically, at GHSV = 5400 h− 1, FCO-5 achieved a reaction rate constant of 291.7 mol·L− 1·s− 1, a conversion rate of 99.24%, and a post-conversion p-H2 content of 49.7%.
Evaluation of the Humoral Immune Response and Milk Antibody Transfer in Cattle vaccinated with inactivated H5 Avian Influenza vaccine
Authors: Abousenna Mohamed Samy , Shafik Nermeen G. , Abotaleb Mahmoud M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) in dairy cattle in the United States has raised concerns about human exposure. This study evaluated the efficacy of various doses of an inactivated H5 AI vaccine in cattle and assessed antibody transfer in milk against a recent bovine isolate of HPAI A(H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b). Calves were inoculated with different vaccine doses, while lactating cows received the vaccine four weeks later. The humoral immune response was measured using the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test and ELISA. Results showed a dose-dependent immune response, with higher doses producing stronger and more sustained antibody levels. Group 1 maintained a stable HI titer of 6 log2, while Groups 2, 3, and 4 peaked at 8, 9, and 9 log2, respectively, by the fourth week post-vaccination. Milk antibody transfer was observed, with strong positive responses in milk samples by the second week post-vaccination. The ID Screen ELISA demonstrated higher sensitivity for detecting antibodies in milk compared to serum. The immune response to the AI vaccine differed from responses to other vaccines used in cattle such as Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) and Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), indicating the need for optimizing vaccine dosage and formulation, including adjuvant and antigen content. Future research should extend the monitoring period, increase sample sizes, and explore different vaccine formulations to develop effective vaccination strategies for cattle. These findings highlight the potential for using inactivated H5 AI vaccines in cattle to enhance immune protection and facilitate antibody transfer through milk.
A tied-weight autoencoder for the linear dimensionality reduction of sample data
Authors: Kim Sunhee , Chu Sang-Ho , Park Yong-Jin , Lee Chang-Yong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Dimensionality reduction is a method used in machine learning and data science to reduce the dimensions in a dataset. While linear methods are generally less effective at dimensionality reduction than nonlinear methods, they can provide a linear relationship between the original data and the dimensionality-reduced representation, leading to better interpretability. In this research, we present a tied-weight autoencoder as a dimensionality reduction model with the merit of both linear and nonlinear methods. Although the tied-weight autoencoder is a nonlinear dimensionality reduction model, we approximate it to function as a linear model. This is achieved by removing the hidden layer units that are largely inactivated by the input data, while preserving the model's effectiveness. We evaluate the proposed model by comparing its performance with other linear and nonlinear models using benchmark datasets. Our results show that the proposed model performs comparably to the nonlinear model of a similar autoencoder structure to the proposed model. More importantly, we show that the proposed model outperforms the linear models in various metrics, including the mean squared error, data reconstruction, and the classification of low-dimensional projections of the input data. Thus, our study provides general recommendations for best practices in dimensionality reduction.
ChatGPT VS Teacher’s Roles in Developing English Writing of Thai EFL Learners
Authors: Sawangwan Sirin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effects of ChatGPT in developing Thai EFL learners’ English writing skills and to investigate the role of teachers in this process. A mixed-method research technique was employed. The quantitative component compared the differences in learners' overall English writing performance before and after the integration of ChatGPT, as well as before and after receiving teacher instruction through pretest, posttest, and final test. The qualitative component explored the outcomes of teachers' instruction through the analysis of observational records. Data was collected from 50 EFL various major learners from a public university. The results show a large difference in overall English writing performance following the integration of ChatGPT: -1.99, t(49) = -22.928, p < .001 (64.71%). Additionally, a highly significant improvement was observed pre and post instruction: -0.32, t(49) = -3.898, p < .001 (3.57%). The study's implications are: first, integrating ChatGPT into the English writing curriculum under teacher supervision is essential for developing learners' writing skills. Second, teacher’s role in providing instruction were pointed out in three key areas: 1) establishing writing criteria, 2) providing technical support, and 3) offering ethical guidance. Third, a teaching forum should be established.