bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis
Authors: Dickens Jonathan F. , Kilcoyne Kelly G. , Tintle Scott M. , Giuliani Jeffrey , Schaefer Richard A. , Rue John-Paul 
Published: September 2012

Background: The neurovascular structures of the proximal arm may be at risk for iatrogenic injury during open subpectoral biceps tenodesis (OSPBT). Purpose: To define the anatomic relationships and at-risk structures during OSPBT and to quantify the effect of arm rotation on the position of the musculocutaneous nerve. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: The OSPBT approach was performed in 17 unembalmed cadaveric upper extremities. The tenodesis site was inferior to the bicipital groove and positioned so the musculotendinous portion of the long head of the biceps rested at the inferior border of the pectoralis major. A meticulous dissection identified the brachial artery, deep brachial artery, cephalic vein, brachial vein, medial brachial cutaneous nerve, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, intercostal brachial cutaneous nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, axillary nerve, median nerve, and radial nerve. Superficial structures were measured from the superior and inferior aspects of the incision, and deep structures were measured from the tenodesis site and nearest retractor. The musculocutaneous nerve was measured with the arm in neutral, internal, and external rotation. Results: The musculocutaneous nerve was 10.1 mm (range, 6-18 mm) medial to the tenodesis location and 2.9 mm (range, 1-6 mm) medial to the medially placed retractor in neutral arm position. The radial nerve and deep brachial artery were 7.4 mm (range, 2-12 mm) and 5.7 mm (range, 1-10 mm) deep to the medially placed retractor, respectively. With the arm internally rotated to 45°, the musculocutaneous nerve was 8.1 mm from the tenodesis site, compared with 19.4 mm with the arm 45° externally rotated ( P = .009). The median nerve, brachial artery, and brachial vein were >2.5 cm from the tenodesis site and nearest retractor during deep dissection. Conclusion: The musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, and deep brachial artery are within 1 cm of the standard medial retractor. External rotation of the arm moves the musculocutaneous nerve 11.3 mm further away from the tenodesis site compared with the internally rotated position. Clinical Relevance: The musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, and deep brachial artery course in close proximity to the operative field and are therefore at risk during OSPBT. Limiting the use of medial retraction and placement of the arm in an externally rotated position will minimize neurovascular injury.
Referral pattern and special interests in children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome: a Turkish referred sample
Authors: Tanidir Canan , Mukaddes Nahit M 
Published: September 2012

Objectives: To investigate the most frequent reasons for referral, the most common special interests, age at first referral to a mental health service, and the age of diagnosis in children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome living in Turkey. Methods: This study includes 61 children and adolescents diagnosed with Asperger syndrome using strict DSM-IV criteria. Results: The mean age at first referral was 7.9 whereas the mean age when Asperger syndrome was diagnosed was 9.9, which is compatible with other studies. The most frequent reasons for the first referral were attention deficits, hyperactivity, and academic failure, and the most common special interest area was “electronic devicess, computer, and technical interests.” Conclusions: The types of special interests and referral reasons in our Asperger syndrome sample are very similar to the interest areas and referral reasons of individuals with Asperger syndrome from developed western countries indicating the universality of symptoms. It could be concluded that children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome may refer to mental health services with a variety of symptoms; therefore, it is important to make a detailed assessment of social difficulties especially in school-age children and adolescents for the differential diagnosis of Asperger syndrome.
Prevalence of diabetes in patients admitted to a cancer hospital
Authors: Morganstein DL , Tan S , Gore M , Feher MD 
Published: September 2012

Cancer rates are increased in people with diabetes. There is also recent evidence that outcomes from cancer treatment are worse in those with diabetes. There is a need to assess the prevalence of diabetes in cancer patients in order to tailor resources and improve clinical outcomes. This study examined the prevalence of diabetes and hyperglycaemia and specific referrals amongst hospitalised patients in a specialist cancer hospital. In a cancer hospital 11% of in-patients had either identified diabetes or hyperglycaemia (random blood glucose >11mmol/l.) Consecutive referrals to a diabetes consultant confirmed that over half of patients had gastro-intestinal tract primary cancers, over 20% had poor glycaemic control whilst on steroids, and 18% had poor glycaemic control during artificial nutrition. Referrals came from both medical and surgical teams. Thus diabetes and hyperglycaemia are common problems amongst in-patients with cancer, and these patients have complex diabetes requirement. Patients with cancer and diabetes need access to specialist diabetes care.
Caring for a Loved One With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Liew Charles Van , Cronan Terry A. 
Published: September 2012

Objective: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with considerable caregiver and social burden. It is important to examine ways to minimize the negative effects of AD. Health care advocates (HCAs) may be one means of limiting the aversive effects of AD. Method: Participants completed a short survey that assessed their perceptions of the impact of comorbid AD on health status and their likelihood of hiring an HCA to assist in managing it. A mediational model was proposed: cognitive status (AD vs cognitively healthy) was the independent variable, perception of severity was the mediator, and the probability of hiring an HCA was the dependent variable. Results: The results indicated that the relationship between cognitive status and probability of hiring an HCA was fully mediated by perceptions of severity. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that participants appreciated the impact of AD on health status, and this translated into a greater probability of hiring an HCA.
Genome sequencing and genetic breeding of a bioethanol Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YJS329
Authors: Zheng Dao-Qiong , Wang Pin-Mei , Chen Jie , Zhang Ke , Liu Tian-Zhe , Wu Xue-Chang , Li Yu-Dong , Zhao Yu-Hua 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Environmental stresses and inhibitors encountered by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains are the main limiting factors in bioethanol fermentation. Strains with different genetic backgrounds usually show diverse stress tolerance responses. An understanding of the mechanisms underlying these phenotypic diversities within S. cerevisiae populations could guide the construction of strains with desired traits.

Results
We explored the genetic characteristics of the bioethanol S. cerevisiae strain YJS329 and elucidated how genetic variations in its genome were correlated with specified traits compared to similar traits in the S288c-derived strain, BYZ1. Karyotypic electrophoresis combined with array-comparative genomic hybridization indicated that YJS329 was a diploid strain with a relatively constant genome as a result of the fewer Ty elements and lack of structural polymorphisms between homologous chromosomes that it contained. By comparing the sequence with the S288c genome, a total of 64,998 SNPs, 7,093 indels and 11 unique genes were identified in the genome of YJS329-derived haploid strain YJSH1 through whole-genome sequencing. Transcription comparison using RNA-Seq identified which of the differentially expressed genes were the main contributors to the phenotypic differences between YJS329 and BYZ1. By combining the results obtained from the genome sequences and the transcriptions, we predicted how the SNPs, indels and chromosomal copy number variations may affect the mRNA expression profiles and phenotypes of the yeast strains. Furthermore, some genetic breeding strategies to improve the adaptabilities of YJS329 were designed and experimentally verified.

Conclusions
Through comparative functional genomic analysis, we have provided some insights into the mechanisms underlying the specific traits of the bioenthanol strain YJS329. The work reported here has not only enriched the available genetic resources of yeast but has also indicated how functional genomic studies can be used to improve genetic breeding in yeast.
Genome-wide association study for T lymphocyte subpopulations in swine
Authors: Lu Xin , Fu Wei-Xuan , Luo Yan-Ru , Ding Xiang-Dong , Zhou Jia-Peng , Liu Yang , Liu Jian-Feng , Zhang Qin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundLymphocytes act as a major component of the adaptive immune system, taking very crucial responsibility for immunity. Differences in proportions of T-cell subpopulations in peripheral blood among individuals under same conditions provide evidence of genetic control on these traits, but little is known about the genetic mechanism of them, especially in swine. Identification of the genetic control on these variants may help the genetic improvement of immune capacity through selection.ResultsTo identify genomic regions responsible for these immune traits in swine, a genome-wide association study was conducted. A total of 675 pigs of three breeds were involved in the study. At 21 days of age, all individuals were vaccinated with modified live classical swine fever vaccine. Blood samples were collected when the piglets were 20 and 35 days of age, respectively. Seven traits, including the proportions of CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD8+, CD4+CD8−, CD4−CD8+, CD4−CD8− and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells were measured at the two ages. All the samples were genotyped for 62,163 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) using the Illumina porcineSNP60k BeadChip. 40833 SNPs were selected after quality control for association tests between SNPs and each immune trait considered based on a single-locus regression model. To tackle the issue of multiple testing in GWAS, 10,000 permutations were performed to determine the chromosome-wise and genome-wise significance levels of association tests. In total, 61 SNPs with chromosome-wise significance level and 3 SNPs with genome-wise significance level were identified. 27 significant SNPs were located within the immune-related QTL regions reported in previous studies. Furthermore, several significant SNPs fell into the regions harboring known immunity-related genes, 14 of them fell into the regions which harbor some known T cell-related genes.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that genome-wide association studies would be a feasible way for revealing the potential genetics variants affecting T-cell subpopulations. Results herein lay a preliminary foundation for further identifying the causal mutations underlying swine immune capacity in follow-up studies.
Prevalence and factors associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in shanghai work-units
Authors: Hu Xiaona , Huang Yiqin , Bao Zhijun , Wang Yiqian , Shi Dongmei , Liu Fang , Gao Zhanjuan , Yu Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in Asians. However, data on prevalence and factors associated with NAFLD in Asians are lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD in Shanghai employees to assess the relationship between NAFLD and age, gender, metabolic risk factors in this studied population.MethodsWe selected 7152 employees of Shanghai work-units. Each of them underwent detailed medical history-taking, physical examination, laboratory assessments and abdominal ultrasonography. The diagnosis of NAFLD was done according to established criteria. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were applied to detect areas under the ROC curves for each index. Nominal logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio for risk factors of NAFLD.ResultsAbout 38.17% employees had NAFLD, more in men than in women. The prevalence of NAFLD increased with increasing age. In both genders, the prevalence of metabolic factors was higher in the NAFLD group. Body max index, waist circumference, weight-to-height ratio, blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein and uric acid were found to have a diagnostic value for NAFLD. Body max index is a better index for diagnosing NAFLD. Uric acid is a new diagnosing index not inferior to lipid metabolic factors. Metabolic factors can increase the risk of NAFLD up to 1.5 ~ 3.8 times.ConclusionsOlder age, male gender, metabolic factors such as obesity, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension or type 2 diabetes are risk factors for NAFLD. Prevalence of NAFLD in Shanghai employees is high. Prevention is extremely important. Those achieve the critical point should have early intervention.
Alterations of leptin in the course of inflammation and severe sepsis
Authors: Behnes Michael , Brueckmann Martina , Lang Siegfried , Putensen Christian , Saur Joachim , Borggrefe Martin , Hoffmann Ursula 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
The adipokine leptin regulates energy expenditure, vascular function, bone and cartilage growth as well as the immune system and systemic inflammatory response. Several activating effects towards T cells, monocytes, endothelium cells and cytokine production have been reported suggesting a protective role of leptin in the setting of an acute systemic inflammation. However, the pathophysiological role of leptin during severe sepsis is currently not elucidated in detail. This study aims to investigate leptin expression in cultured human adipocytes within an inflammatory model and in patients suffering from severe sepsis and evaluates treatment effects of drotrecogin alpha (activated) (DAA), the recombinant form of human activated protein C.

Methods
In an in-vitro inflammatory model of adipocyte cell-culture the effect of DAA on leptin mRNA expression was evaluated. Synthesis of mRNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Additionally, supernatants of these adipocytes as well as serum levels of adiponectin were measured in blood of 104 severe septic patients by ELISA-method. 26 patients were treated with DAA (DAA+), 78 patients were not treated with DAA (DAA-).

Results
Stimulation of human adipocytes with TNF alpha over 6 and 24 hours resulted in a significant decrease by 46% and 59% of leptin mRNA transcripts compared to un-stimulated controls (p < 0.05). Leptin levels of supernatants of adipocyte culture decreased by 25% and 23% (p < 0.05) after incubation with TNF alpha after 6 and 24 hours. Incubation with DAA at 50 ng/ml DAA and 5 μg/ml doubled mRNA expression significantly at 24 hours (p < 0.05) but not at 6 hours. From day 1 to day 3 of sepsis, leptin levels increased in DAA+ compared to DAA- patients (p<0.10).

Conclusions
Leptin appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of a systemic inflammatory response during sepsis. Administration of DAA significantly increased leptin expression. The specific mechanism or even benefit of DAA towards leptin needs further ongoing research.
Social and economic burden of walking and mobility problems in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pike James , Jones Edward , Rajagopalan Krithika , Piercy James , Anderson Peter 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive neurological disease and the majority of patients will experience some degree of impaired mobility. We evaluated the prevalence, severity and burden of walking and mobility problems (WMPs) in 5 European countries.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional, patient record-based study involving 340 neurologists who completed detailed patient record forms (PRF) for patients (>18 years) attending their clinic with MS. Patients were also invited to complete a questionnaire (PSC). Information collected included demographics, disease characteristics, work productivity, quality of life (QoL; EuroQol-5D and Hamburg Quality of Life Questionnaire Multiple Sclerosis [HAQUAMS]) and mobility (subjective patient-reported and objectively measured using the timed 25 foot walk test [T25FW]). Relationships between WMPs and disease and other characteristics were examined using Chi square tests. Analysis of variance was used to examine relationships between mobility measures and work productivity.

Results
Records were available for 3572 patients of whom 2171 also completed a PSC. WMPs were regarded as the most bothersome symptom by almost half of patients who responded (43%; 291/683). There was a clear, independent and strong directional relationship between severity of WMPs (subjective and objective) and healthcare resource utilisation. Patients with longer T25FW times (indicating greater walking impairment) were significantly more likely to require additional caregiver support (p < 0.0001), visit a variety of healthcare professionals including their primary care physicians (p = 0.0044) and require more long-term non-disease modifying drugs (p = 0.0001). A similar pattern was observed when subjective reporting of the severity of WMPs was considered. Work productivity was also markedly impacted by the presence of WMPs with fewer patients working full time and a reduction in weekly working hours as T25FW times and the subjective severity of WMPs increased.

Conclusions
In Europe, WMPs in MS represent a considerable personal and social burden both financially and in terms of quality of life. Interventions to improve mobility could have significant benefits for patients and society as a whole.
Barriers, facilitators and preferences for the physical activity of school children. Rationale and methods of a mixed study
Authors: Martínez-Andrés María , García-López Úrsula , Gutiérrez-Zornoza Myriam , Rodríguez-Martín Beatriz , Pardo-Guijarro María Jesús , Sánchez-López Mairena , Cortés-Ramírez Eugenio , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Physical activity interventions in schools environment seem to have shown some effectiveness in the control of the current obesity epidemic in children. However the complexity of behaviors and the diversity of influences related to this problem suggest that we urgently need new lines of insight about how to support comprehensive population strategies of intervention. The aim of this study was to know the perceptions of the children from Cuenca, about their environmental barriers, facilitators and preferences for physical activity.

Methods/Design
We used a mixed-method design by combining two qualitative methods (analysis of individual drawings and focus groups) together with the quantitative measurement of physical activity through accelerometers, in a theoretical sample of 121 children aged 9 and 11 years of schools in the province of Cuenca, Spain.

Conclusions
Mixed-method study is an appropriate strategy to know the perceptions of children about barriers and facilitators for physical activity, using both qualitative methods for a deeply understanding of their points of view, and quantitative methods for triangulate the discourse of participants with empirical data. We consider that this is an innovative approach that could provide knowledges for the development of more effective interventions to prevent childhood overweight.
An efficient strategy for cell-based antibody library selection using an integrated vector system
Authors: Yoon Hyerim , Song Jin Myung , Ryu Chun Jeih , Kim Yeon-Gu , Lee Eun Kyo , Kang Sunghyun , Kim Sang Jick 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Cell panning of phage-displayed antibody library is a powerful tool for the development of therapeutic and imaging agents since disease-related cell surface proteins in native complex conformation can be directly targeted. Here, we employed a strategy taking advantage of an integrated vector system which allows rapid conversion of scFv-displaying phage into scFv-Fc format for efficient cell-based scFv library selection on a tetraspanin protein, CD9.

Results
A mouse scFv library constructed by using a phagemid vector, pDR-D1 was subjected to cell panning against stable CD9 transfectant, and the scFv repertoire from the enriched phage pool was directly transferred to a mammalian cassette vector, pDR-OriP-Fc1. The resulting constructs enabled transient expression of enough amounts of scFv-Fcs in HEK293E cells, and flow cytometric screening of binders for CD9 transfectant could be performed simply by using the culture supernatants. All three clones selected from the screening showed correct CD9-specificity. They could immunoprecipitate CD9 molecules out of the transfectant cell lysate and correctly stain endogenous CD9 expression on cancer cell membrane. Furthermore, competition assay with a known anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody (mAb) suggested that the binding epitopes of some of them overlap with that of the mAb which resides within the large extracellular loop of CD9.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that scFv-Fc from mammalian transient expression can be chosen as a reliable format for rapid screening and validation in cell-based scFv library selection, and the strategy described here will be applicable to efficient discovery of antibodies to diverse cell-surface targets.
Social support for women of reproductive age and its predictors: a population-based study
Authors: Baheiraei Azam , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Mohammadi Eesa , Charandabi Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh , Nedjat Saharnaz 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Social support is an exchange of resources between at least two individuals perceived by the provider or recipient to be intended to promote the health of the recipient. Social support is a major determinant of health. The objective of this study was to determine the perceived social support and its associated sociodemographic factors among women of reproductive age.

Methods
This was a population-based cross-sectional study with multistage random cluster sampling of 1359 women of reproductive age. Data were collected using questionnaires on sociodemographic factors and perceived social support (PRQ85-Part 2). The relationship between the dependent variable (perceived social support) and the independent variables (sociodemographic characteristics) was analyzed using the multivariable linear regression model.

Results
The mean score of social support was 134.3 ± 17.9. Women scored highest in the “worth” dimension and lowest in the “social integration” dimension. Multivariable linear regression analysis indicated that the variables of education, spouse’s occupation, Sufficiency of income for expenses and primary support source were significantly related to the perceived social support.

Conclusion
Sociodemographic factors affect social support and could be considered in planning interventions to improve social support for Iranian women.