bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource availability and heterogeneity affect space use and resource selection of a feral ungulate
Authors: Esmaeili Saeideh , Schoenecker Kathryn A. , King Sarah R. B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnimals adjust their habitat use patterns in response to changes in their physiological needs and environmental conditions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying resource selection and space use across time and space reveals effects of the environment on animals' decisions. We explored the effects of habitat availability and heterogeneity on the seasonal and annual space use and resource selection of two free‐roaming feral burro (Equus asinus) populations in the United States within distinct climate and habitat conditions: the Sonoran Desert and the Colorado Plateau. As an introduced yet protected species in the United States, understanding burros' interactions with habitat elements is important for their conservation and management, as well as the conservation of sympatric wildlife. We used GPS locations of female burros (72 animals across both study areas) to delineate annual and seasonal ranges and resource selection patterns. We evaluated effects of mean and CV of habitat covariates, including forage, distance to water, and topography, representing availability and heterogeneity of resources, on seasonal and annual range size of burros. Moreover, we explored how burro seasonal and annual resource selection patterns were affected by availability and heterogeneity of resources. In the Sonoran Desert study area, burros had smaller seasonal and annual ranges and constant resource selection patterns across a year, likely due to a freshwater lake in the area, making water a nonlimiting resource. Human presence was the greatest factor affecting range size and resource selection in the Sonoran Desert, where burros selected for areas near roads and human recreation. In the Colorado Plateau study area, where resources were more seasonal, we found larger range sizes and fluctuating resource selection patterns compared to the Sonoran Desert population. Spatial variation in forage, water, and topography significantly affected range size of burros inhabiting the Colorado Plateau study area. Productive habitats with available water support smaller ranges and a more consistent pattern of resource selection. Our results highlight the positive effect of habitat heterogeneity and the negative effect of habitat productivity on range size of animals. Our findings contribute to an improved understanding of habitat requirements for free‐roaming burros that currently live under various climate and habitat conditions globally.
Integrating pigment and fatty acid profiles for enhanced estimation of seston community composition
Authors: Litmanen Jaakko J. , Perälä Tommi , Vuorio Kristiina , Asikainen Harri , Taipale Sami J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClimate change, nutrition pollution, and land use alterations influence the primary production of lakes. While light‐microscopy counting remains the standard for estimating phytoplankton community composition, its expense and time‐consuming nature necessitate cost‐effective alternatives for seston analysis. Furthermore, estimating the contribution of seston constituents other than primary producers, or non‐algal particles, is not possible with light‐microscopy counting. Biotracer approach using computational methods and chemotaxonomic biomarkers such as carotenoid pigments and fatty acids have been used as an alternative in seston analysis when species‐level taxonomy is not required. However, a comprehensive testing of how well carotenoid and fatty acids can be used in estimating a wide range of seston phytoplankton communities using different estimation methods is lacking. To assess the accuracy of a suite of state‐of‐the‐art biotracer‐based computational methods, namely CHEMTAX, FASTAR (Fatty Acid Source‐Tracking Algorithm in R), MixSIAR, and QFASA (Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature Analysis), lake water samples were collected in 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 for seston composition analysis in a boreal eutrophic lake with light‐microscopy counting serving as the reference for seston composition. Absolute errors between the biotracer‐based estimates were calculated to evaluate method performance. A small laboratory experiment to assess the reliability of estimating the contribution of non‐algal particles using the computational methods with fatty acids was also conducted. The closest alignment to light‐microscopy counting in terms of absolute error was achieved when both carotenoids and fatty acids were used together in the QFASA method. For CHEMTAX, FASTAR, and MixSIAR, using carotenoids alone produced the closest results. Additionally, the estimation methods accurately assessed the proportion of non‐algal particles in the seston when using fatty acid profiles, a capability not possible with light‐microscopy counting. Our findings demonstrate that the biotracer approach provides a viable and cost‐effective alternative to light‐microscopy counting when group‐level information of phytoplankton community composition suffices. Furthermore, we show that non‐algal particles can be effectively estimated together with phytoplankton when using fatty acids.
Functional traits and habitat use: Investigating community assembly in a montane community (Carabidae: Nebria)
Authors: Schat Jillian K. , Kavanaugh David H. , Whisenant Jacki , Anderegg Genevieve , Xiao Huijun , Schoville Sean D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe processes that influence community assembly, such as competition for resources and environmental filtering, are often scale dependent and vary across ecotones. Trait‐based ecology provides a useful framework for testing which ecological processes most strongly influence local community composition, especially across environmental gradients where species diversity varies. Where environmental filtering dominates, species distributions are expected to be defined by strong turnover along environmental gradients, with more similar species occupying more similar habitats. Where interspecific competition dominates, species are expected to diverge in relative abundance and resource utilization at sites, so species can co‐occur. Here, we integrate measurements of functional traits, microhabitat usage, isotopic composition (δ15N and δ13C), and abundance to test the importance of environmental filtering and resource/habitat partitioning in shaping a montane ground beetle species assemblage (Carabidae: Nebriini: Nebria) in the isolated, volcanic peaks of the northern Cascades Range, USA. Across species of Nebria, body size, pronotal shape, temperature preference, and isotopic enrichment varied across habitats ([gravel, rocks 10 cm–50 cm in diameter], large rocks [>50 cm in diameter], vegetation‐covered rocks, and alpine [snowfields and talus]), and habitat/microhabitat features were reliable predictors of species presence. Resource consumption among mid‐elevation species on Mt. Rainier—the peak with the greatest species diversity—is highly overlapping. Species turnover and nestedness varied significantly across habitat gradients and peaks throughout this region and varied nearly significantly across sites. Across habitat types and sites, more similar species are more likely to coexist. These results suggest that environmental filtering is the primary process structuring this species assemblage, although we find detailed evidence for microhabitat niche partitioning among species of Nebria at the site scale.
Nutritional profile, bioactive properties and potential health benefits of buckwheat: A review
Authors: Sonawane Sangram , Shams Rafeeya , Dash Kshirod K. , Patil Vaishnavi , Pandey Vinay K. , Dar Aamir H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present review focuses on the physico‐chemical properties of buckwheat (BW) and shows that its incorporation makes food more nutritious. The bioactive substances included in BW, including vitamins, proteins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, dietary fibre, and fagopyrins are effective in treating chronic illnesses. It is also a rich source of protein of excellent quality as it contains balanced amino acids. Various bioactive compounds like phenolics, flavonoids including orientin, quercetin, rutin, vitexin, isovitexin and isoorientin, tannins and steroids help in providing therapeutic benefits. It has a number of beneficial impacts on health, including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐hemorrhagic, cardiovascular, antioxidant, and blood vessel protective properties. The food sector has experienced an increased interest in producing items based on BW, which boasts advantageous flavor profiles and technical attributes while offering health benefits and accommodating those with gluten sensitivity. BW is a beneficial ingredient for bread, rice, soup, cakes, noodles, cookies, and gluten‐free beer due to its functional properties. This review also emphasizes on the BW as a functional food in numerous industries including agriculture, food, pharmaceutical and as animal fodder. It provides researchers knowledge that could be useful for developing future plans, such as selecting BW as promising bioactive ingredients for functional foods.
External validation of the natriuretic response prediction equation to discriminate diuretic response in heart failure
Authors: Ramírez‐Sánchez Patricia , Falcón‐Aguirre Alberto , Tepayotl‐Aponte Antonio , Mendoza‐Zavala Genaro H. , Olmos‐Dominguez Luis , Chavez‐Mendoza Adolfo , Magaña‐Serrano José A. , Cigarroa‐López José A. , Aceves‐Garcia Moises , Rayo‐Chavez Jorge , Olalde‐Roman Marcos J. , Revilla‐Monsalve Cristina , Almeida‐Gutierrez Eduardo , Chavez‐Iñiguez Jonathan S. , Posada‐Martinez Edith L. , Ivey‐Miranda Juan B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsIncomplete decongestion due to lack of titration of diuretics to effective doses is a common reason for readmission in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). The natriuretic response prediction equation (NRPE) is a novel tool that proved to be rapid and accurate to predict natriuretic response and does not need urine collection. However, the NRPE has not been externally validated. The goal of this study was to externally validate the discrimination capacity of the NRPE in patients with ADHF and fluid overload.Methods and resultsPatients admitted with ADHF who required intravenous loop diuretics were included. A spot urine sample was obtained ~2 h following diuretic administration, and a timed 6‐h urine collection by study staff was carried out. Urine sodium and urine creatinine from the spot urine sample were used to predict the 6‐h natriuretic response using the NRPE. The primary goal was to validate the NRPE to discriminate poor loop diuretic natriuretic response (sodium output <50 mmol in the 6 h following diuretic administration). The NRPE was compared with urine sodium and measured urine output which are the methods currently recommended by international guidelines to assess diuretic response. Eighty‐seven diuretic administrations from 49 patients were analysed. Mean age of patients was 57 ± 17 years and 67% were male. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 65 ± 28 mL/min/1.73 m2, and ejection fraction was 35 ± 15%. Median dose of intravenous furosemide equivalents administered the day of the study was 80 mg (IQR 40 ‐ 160). Poor natriuretic response occurred in 39% of the visits. The AUC of the NRPE to predict poor natriuretic response during the 6‐h urine collection was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85‐0.98). Compared with the NRPE, spot urine sodium concentration (AUC 0.75) and urine output during the corresponding nursing shift (AUC 0.74) showed lower discrimination capacity.ConclusionsIn this cohort of patients with ADHF, the NRPE outperformed spot urine sodium concentration and all other metrics related to diuretic response to predict poor natriuretic response. Our findings support the use of this equation at other settings to allow rapid and accurate prediction of natriuretic response.
Mavacamten in real‐life practice: Initial experience at a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy centre
Authors: Abood Zaid , Jan Muhammad Fuad , Ashraf Muddasir , Kroboth Stacie , Sanders Heather , Schweitzer McKenzie , Misicka Amanda , Ollerman Emily , Jahangir Arshad , Galazka Patrycja , Tajik Abdul Jamil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsIn clinical trials, mavacamten reduced left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) and improved symptoms in patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM). We aimed to share our real‐world experience with the efficacy and safety of mavacamten in this patient population.Methods and resultsThis retrospective, single‐centre study included patients with symptomatic oHCM from March 2023 to November 2023. Inclusion criteria were oHCM, age >18 years, significant LVOTO (gradient >50 mmHg at rest or with Valsalva), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class ≥II despite maximally tolerated medical therapy, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >55%. Patients were evaluated by echocardiography, NYHA class, electrocardiography and Holter monitor on each monthly visit for 3 months. A total of 31 patients were included in this study. The mean (SD) age was 58 (16.5) years, and 14 (45%) were female. Mean provoked left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) reduced by −49.4 mmHg (P < 0.001) at 4 weeks, −59.2 mmHg (P < 0.001) at 8 weeks, and −60.8 mmHg (P < 0.001) at 12 weeks. Twenty‐six of the 31 patients (83.8%) achieved an LVOTG ≤30 mmHg at Week 12. No major side effects were reported. Sixty‐seven percent experienced ≥2 NYHA class improvements, LVEF remained above 55% and no dose titration was made.ConclusionsOur real‐world experience aligns with established mavacamten trial outcomes. Continuous vigilance and longitudinal investigations are needed to further assess potential long‐term impacts.
Value of APACHE II, SOFA and CardShock scoring as predictive tools for cardiogenic shock: A single‐centre pilot study
Authors: Chlabicz Małgorzata , Łaguna Wojciech , Kazimierczyk Remigiusz , Kazimierczyk Ewelina , Łopatowska Paulina , Gil Monika , Sobkowicz Bożena , Kamiński Karol A. , Tycińska Agnieszka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine the value of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and CardShock scoring systems in predicting the risk of in‐hospital, 30 day and 3 year mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS).MethodsThis was a single‐centre observational study conducted between May 2016 and December 2017. Data from consecutive patients with CS admitted to the intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU) were included in the analysis.ResultsThe study group comprised 63 patients with CS {median age 71.0 [interquartile range (IQR), 59–82]; 42 men}: 32 patients with ischaemic and 31 with non‐ischaemic aetiology. The median APACHE II, SOFA and CardShock scores were 13 (IQR, 9.9–19.0) points, 8.0 (IQR, 6.0–10.0) points and 3.0 (IQR, 2.0–5.0) points, respectively. The in‐hospital, 30 day and 3 year mortality rates were 39.7%, 41.3% and 77.8%, respectively. APACHE II and SOFA scores were significantly higher in the group of patients who died at 30 days (P = 0.043 and P = 0.045, respectively). The CardShock score was higher in patients with CS who died in hospital (P = 0.007) and within 30 days (P = 0.004). No score was statistically significant for 3 year mortality. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis showed that the CardShock score had the highest value in predicting in‐hospital and 30 day mortality relative to APACHE II and SOFA, with a cut‐off score of 5 points [AUC: 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.81; P = 0.001] and 4 points (AUC: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60–0.82; P < 0.001), respectively. The Bayesian Weibull model demonstrated the utility of all scales in estimating short‐term risk in patients with CS, with the impact of APACHE II and SOFA on patient life expectancy decreasing to a non‐significant level at approximately 32 days and CardShock at 33 days. The forest plots derived from the Bayesian logistic regression analysis show significant estimated coefficients with 94% highest density interval (HDI) for in‐hospital and 30 day mortality. The use of invasive or non‐invasive ventilation, a higher heart rate and a less negative fluid balance showed an unfavourable prognosis. Survival was associated with being in the pre‐CS class, with a higher glomerular filtration rate and a higher platelet count.ConclusionsAPACHE II and SOFA could be used for the risk stratification of patients with CS admitted to the ICCU. CardShock proved to be a more appropriate tool for assessing short‐term prognosis in patients with CS of all aetiologies, suggesting that there is potential for its promotion for use in daily clinical practice.
Supported Co‐Based Catalytic Systems for the Epoxidation of Terpenes Using O2 as Oxidant
Authors: Rais Meriem , Soulié Jérémy , Tendero Claire , Durand Jérôme 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe synthesized and characterized a range of cobalt‐based catalyts supported on mesoporous silica (SBA‐15 and SBA‐16), commercial silica and functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNT), investigated their efficiency in the aerobic epoxidation of terpenes, specifically limonene and α‐pinene. Cobalt deposition was achieved by impregnation with cobalt(II) acetylacetonate and the resulting systems were characterized by XPS, ICP‐OES, N2 adsorption‐desorption, TEM, STEM‐HAADF and EDX. Variations in pore structure, cobalt dispersion, and oxidation states depending on the support used were observed. Catalytic tests demonstrated that Co/SBA‐15 (1.6 % Co) exhibited superior catalytic activity in the oxidation of limonene compared to Co/SBA‐16, Co/SiO2c, and Co/CNT, achieving 90 % conversion with a 68 % selectivity towards 1,2‐limonene oxide. In contrast, for α‐pinene oxidation, Co/SBA‐15 showed lower activity, while other catalysts achieved full conversion. The study also explored the effect of cobalt loading on catalytic performance, indicating that higher loadings generally led to rapid catalyst deactivation due to the formation of larger cobalt oxide particles. The findings underscore the critical role of support structure and cobalt dispersion in enhancing catalytic efficiency for terpene epoxidation. Additionally, we demonstrated the potential for 3 recycling and scale up to the gram level while maintaining high activity and selectivity.
Computational Assessment of Novel Ruthenium Phenoxazine‐Based Complexes as Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Barretta Pierraffaele , Ponte Fortuna , Scoditti Stefano , Mazzone Gloria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA computational examination of two new polypyridyl ruthenium complexes, containing meldola blue (MDB) and nile blue (NB) chromophores, is here reported in order to assess the applicability of phenoxazine‐containing complexes in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The designed complexes, named Ru‐3ENB and Ru‐3EMDB, are based on a recently synthesized Ru(II)‐based complex bearing a bipyridyl‐ethynyl‐Nile Red (NR) ligand and proposed for PDT applications. DFT outcomes elucidated how the replacement of NR with MDB induces a red shift of the maximum absorption wavelength within the therapeutic window, up to 638 nm. A change in the molecular orbitals involved in the population of excited states was observed upon chromophore substitution that results in ISC kinetic significantly faster than that computed for the synthesized complex Ru‐3ENR.
An Optically Active 4‐Aryl‐3,4‐dihydroisocoumarin‐3‐carboxylate
Authors: Groben Oliver , Schmidtmann Marc , Christoffers Jens 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA four step sequence for the preparation of optically active (R,R)‐ethyl 4‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydroisocoumarin‐3‐carboxylate is reported. In the first step the first stereocenter was installed by palladium catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of PhB(OH)2 to indenone (88 % ee). After deprotonation, the ester moiety was introduced with Mander's reagent. The α‐hydroxylation of the resulting β‐oxoester was then achieved with cerium‐catalysis under an air atmosphere. Key transformation was the cyanide‐catalyzed ring transformation of α‐hydroxy‐β‐oxoester furnishing the δ‐lactone moiety of the target compound, which was formed as a mixture of separable cis‐ and trans‐diastereoisomers, both with 88 % ee. The cis‐isomer could be epimerized to the trans‐compound. The relative trans and the absolute (R,R)‐configuration of the target compound was established by X‐ray single crystal structure analysis.
Ethynylene‐Bridged Pentacene Trimer and Tetramer Prepared Through Unexpected Oligomerization and Their Subsequent Thermal Conversions
Authors: Hayashi Hironobu , Zhu Juanjuan , Minamino Naoto , Murakami Yuya , Kasahara Shoma , Matsuo Kyohei , Aratani Naoki , Yamada Hiroko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEthynylene‐bridged acenes, which are π‐conjugated triple bond‐containing systems, have attracted increasing interest as promising organic semiconductor materials due to their delocalized π‐electrons. In this study, ethynylene‐bridged pentacene precursor oligomers were not only synthesized through multiple‐organic reactions but also were unexpectedly obtained in one‐pot by using a conventional reaction with lithium silylacetylide and quinone. In the case of one‐pot synthesis, the formation of oligomers, including pentamer, was evidently confirmed by matrix‐assisted‐laser‐desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Single crystal X‐ray analysis visualized the ethynylene‐bridged structure of the dimer which was one of the major products in the one‐pot reaction. It was found that the reaction time for the lithiation was the key factor in controlling oligomer formation. Finally, the thermal conversion from pentacene precursors to the corresponding pentacene oligomers was achieved via retro‐Diels–Alder reaction. These results would open an access to synthesize a wide range of π‐conjugated systems.
A locally resonant metamaterial and its application in vibration isolation: Experimental and numerical investigations
Authors: Ding Haibin , Huang Nianyong , Xu Changjie , Xu Yifei , Cao Zhigang , Zeng Chao , Tong Lihong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVibration isolation metamaterial barrier has been extensively studied in mitigating the damage induced by vibration, while a deeper understanding of the vibration isolation characteristics based on laboratory experiments is still lacking. In this work, a locally resonant metamaterial barrier is proposed, and a large‐scale laboratory experiment was first designed to investigate the isolation mechanism of the proposed metamaterial barrier. The metamaterial vibration isolation barrier is assembled by arraying 5 × 5 resonators. To better explain the observations in experiments and unveil the underlying isolation mechanism, COMSOL Multiphysics was also employed to simulate the laboratory experiment. Subsequently, the vibration isolation effect is quantitatively analyzed by analyzing the acceleration amplitude reduction spectrum (ARS) of the ground surface. The vibration isolation mechanism is discussed by monitoring the acceleration field around the metamaterial barrier. The results indicate that two significant locally resonant attenuation domains are observed, which are induced by the first‐order and second‐order vertical resonance frequencies of the metamaterial. Another experimental scheme that simultaneously monitored the acceleration of the mass block and the bottom of resonators was implemented to investigate vibration in the resonator. The vibration energy distribution on the mass block and the bottom of the resonator is found to depend significantly on the vibration frequency. When the frequency is lower than a certain frequency, the locally resonant is dominant. Otherwise, the geometric scattering is dominant. The vibration isolation mechanism of the locally resonance metamaterial was investigated by laboratory experiments and provided an effective solving path for isolating the low‐frequency vibration.