bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the applicability of regionalIUCNRed List criteria on ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in Flanders (north Belgium): opportunities for conservation
Authors: Adriaens Tim , San Martin y Gomez Gilles , Bogaert Johan , Crevecoeur Luc , Beuckx Jean‐Pierre , Maes Dirk 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRed Lists assess the extinction risk of species and are an important tool to prioritise species conservation and management measures. Worldwide, quantitative IUCN criteria are used to estimate the threat status of species at the regional level.In Flanders (north Belgium), about 70 000 distribution records of ladybirds were collected in 36% of all the grid cells (1 × 1 km2) since 1990 during a large‐scale citizen‐science project.Applying the IUCN criteria to the 36 resident ‘conspicuous’ ladybirds in Flanders resulted in twoRegionally Extinctspecies, threeEndangeredspecies and sixVulnerablespecies. A further seven species were consideredNear Threatenedand the remaining 15 species (39%) were assessed asLeast Concern. Three species were classified asData deficient. Using the Red List status, we delineated ladybird hotspots that were mainly located in grid cells with large areas of Natura2000 sites.For calculating a distribution trend, we advocate the use of a high grid cell resolution (e.g. 1 × 1 km2or 5 × 5 km2).The ladybird data set from Flanders provides evidence that IUCN Red List criteria can be applied to this charismatic, but relatively under‐surveyed insect group. For estimating the geographic range, the use of extent of occurrence instead of area of occupancy is advisable when the survey coverage is relatively low. We discuss the opportunities of the availability of a ladybird Red List for regional conservation measures.
Maternal use of flaxseed oil during pregnancy and lactation prevents morphological alterations in pancreas of female offspring from rat dams with experimental diabetes
Authors: Correia‐Santos André Manoel , Vicente Gabriela C. , Suzuki Akemi , Pereira Aline D. , dos Anjos Juliana S. , Lenzi‐Almeida Kátia C. , Boaventura Gilson T. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryNutritional recommendations have promoted the increased need to consume n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Flaxseed is the richest dietary source of n‐3 fatty acids among plant sources and is widely used for its edible oil. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal use of flaxseed oil has effects on pancreas morphology in the female offspring of diabetic mothers. Female Wistar rats (n = 12) were induced into diabetes by a high‐fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin. After confirmation of the diabetes, rats were mated, and once pregnancy was confirmed, they were allocated into three groups (n = 6): high‐fat group (HG); flaxseed oil group (FOG); and control group (CG) (non‐diabetic rats). At weaning, female offspring (n = 6/group) received standard chow diet. The animals were euthanized at 180 days. Pancreas was collected for histomorphometric and immunohistochemistry analysis. HG showed hypertrophy of pancreatic islets (P < 0.0001), whereas FOG offspring had islets with smaller diameters compared to HG (P < 0.0001). HG offspring showed higher percentage of larger (P = 0.0061) and lower percentage of smaller islets (P = 0.0036). HG showed lower islet insulin immunodensity at 180 days (P < 0.0001), whereas FOG was similar to CG (P < 0.0001). Flaxseed oil reduced the damage caused by maternal hyperglycaemia, promoting normal pancreas histomorphometry and β‐cell mass in female offspring.
Social Capital and Mental Health among Brazilian Immigrants in Japan
Authors: Takenoshita Hirohisa 
Published: March 2015

AbstracThis study investigates the effect of social capital on the psychological well‐being of Brazilian immigrants in Japan. Social capital in immigrants has drawn considerable attention from sociologists and other social scientists because many advanced countries have accepted a large number of immigrants from other countries. Previous studies of immigration in the US have emphasized the important role of bonding social capital with family and co‐ethnic friends in helping immigrants obtain social and emotional support from others. Conversely, other studies of immigration in European countries have suggested that bonding social capital with co‐ethnic members does not necessarily lead to better outcomes. These contrasting findings demonstrate that social capital is largely embedded in the institutional settings within which immigrants deploy it. In this study, we explored how the psychological well‐being of Brazilian immigrants in Japan depended on different forms of social capital. The results indicate that despite the lack of economic resources in their ethnic communities, Brazilian immigrants benefited significantly from bonding social capital with their extended families in terms of improved mental health. This study suggests that the effectiveness of bonding social capital substantially differs in terms of the objective and subjective realities of immigrants.
The effects of technostress and switching stress on discontinued use of social networking services: a study of Facebook use
Authors: Maier Christian , Laumer Sven , Weinert Christoph , Weitzel Tim 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlthough much research has been performed on the adoption and usage phases of the information systems life cycle, the final phase, termination, has received little attention. This paper focuses on the development of discontinuous usage intentions, i.e. the behavioural intention in the termination phase, in the context of social networking services (SNSs), where it plays an especially crucial role. We argue that users stressed by using SNSs try to avoid the stress and develop discontinuous usage intentions, which we identify as a behavioural response to SNS‐stress creators and SNS‐exhaustion. Furthermore, as discontinuing the use of an SNS also takes effort and has costs, we theorize that switching‐stress creators and switching‐exhaustion reduce discontinuous usage intentions. We tested and validated these effects empirically in an experimental setting monitoring individuals who stopped using Facebook for a certain period and switched to alternatives. Our results show that SNS‐stress creators and SNS‐exhaustion cause discontinuous usage intentions, and switching‐stress creators and switching‐exhaustion reduce these intentions.
FOXP3+ and CD39+ regulatory T cells in subtypes of cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: Gambichler T. , Pätzholz J. , Schmitz L. , Lahner N. , Kreuter A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundLupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune disease in which regulatory T cells play a pathogenetic role.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess and compare the quantities of lesional Tregs in subtypes of cutaneous LE (CLE) including chronic discoid LE (CDLE), LE tumidus (LET) and subacute CLE (SCLE).MethodsThirty‐nine patients with CLE were enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemistry was performed for CD4, CD8, FOXP3 and CD39.ResultsWe studied nine CDLE patients, 21 LET patients and nine patients with SCLE. SCLE lesions [37 (0–134)] showed a significantly (P = 0.024) decreased percentage of CD4+ cells when compared with CDLE [125 (0–146)] and LET [124 (0–240)] lesions. Moreover, the CD4/CD8 ratio in SCLE lesions [0.7 (0.5–1.8)] was significantly (P = 0.027) decreased when compared with CDLE [1.9 (1.5–2.8)] and LET [1.6 (0.8–2.9)] lesions. FOXP3 immunopositivity was significantly (P = 0.017) decreased in LET [0 (0–6)] and SCLE [1 (0–2)] lesions when compared with CDLE [6 (0–38)]. Moreover, in LET [2 (0–6)] and SCLE [2 (0–2)], we observed a significantly (P = 0.0049) diminished CD39‐immunoreactivity when compared with CDLE [4 (2–12)]. CD4+ cell count is a significant (P = 0.0133) negative predictor for the diagnosis of SCLE (Odds ratio 0.978, 95% CI 0.960–0.99).ConclusionsOur data indicate that there are differences in quantities of lesional T helper cells, CD4/CD8 ratio and Tregs among subtypes of CLE. Interestingly, a more significant decrease in Tregs, which likely reflects greater loss of immune‐tolerance, is observed in the more photosensitive subtypes of CLE such as SCLE and LET.
Longitudinal growth and health outcomes in nutritionally at‐risk children who received long‐term nutritional intervention
Authors: Huynh D. T. T. , Estorninos E. , Capeding R. Z. , Oliver J. S. , Low Y. L. , Rosales F. J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe benefits of short‐term oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) in undernourished children are well‐established. The benefits of long‐term ONS in promoting longitudinal growth and health in children who are at risk of undernutrition have not been reported previously.MethodsIn this 48‐week prospective, single‐arm, multicentre trial, 200 Filipino children aged 3–4 years with weight‐for‐height percentiles from 5th to 25th (WHO Child Growth Standards) were enrolled. Parents received dietary counselling at baseline, and at weeks 4 and 8. Two servings of ONS (450 mL) were consumed daily, providing 450 kcal, 13.5 g protein and micronutrients. Weight, height, dietary intake using 24‐h dietary recalls, and physical activity and appetite using the visual analogue scales were assessed at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48. The number of sick days for acute illnesses was collected over the study period.ResultsAt baseline, mean age was 41.2 months with 50% being male. Weight‐for‐height percentiles showed the greatest increase in the first 4 weeks (12.1 and 12.8 percentiles, respectively, P < 0.0001) and remained significantly higher than baseline (P < 0.0001) but were relatively stable from week 4 onwards. Height‐for‐age percentiles increased steadily over time and became significantly higher than baseline from week 24 onwards (P < 0.0001). Appetite and physical activity scores at all post‐baseline visits improved from baseline (P < 0.0001), and a reduction in the number of sick days from week 16 onwards was also observed (P < 0.0001). Higher parental education level, being male and higher baseline weight‐for‐height percentiles were significantly associated with higher ponderal and linear growth over time in repeated measures analysis of covariance.ConclusionsIntervention consisting of initial dietary counselling and continued ONS helped sustain normal growth after a catch‐up growth in nutritionally at‐risk children.
The cost‐effectiveness of identifying and treating malnutrition in hospitals: a systematic review
Authors: Mitchell H. , Porter J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundDisease‐related malnutrition is known to have significant clinical and economic consequences. This systematic review of recent evidence aimed to establish the cost‐effectiveness of identifying and treating malnutrition in the hospital setting.MethodsA search of four electronic databases and the Internet was conducted for relevant publications from 2003 to 2013. The search strategy considered both nutritional care and healthcare costs. Hospitalised adults with, or at risk of malnutrition, were the focus of the review. Eligibility criteria included publications of original research to identify or treat malnutrition through usual care. Studies with a focus on enteral and parenteral nutrition interventions were beyond the scope of the review. Methodological quality was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria checklist.ResultsOf the 1174 records identified through database searching, 19 full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility. Three studies were included in the final review, highlighting the absence of recent high quality cost‐effectiveness studies in this field. One economic modelling study and two prospective clinical trials were included of moderate to high methodological quality.ConclusionsDefinite conclusions could not be drawn regarding the cost‐effectiveness of individual interventions because of the heterogeneity of treatments, controls and populations. The present review highlights an evidence gap in the care of malnourished hospitalised adults, limiting the ability of clinicians and healthcare managers to make informed, cost‐effective treatment decisions. Further economic evaluations are needed and should be considered as a routine component of future research.
Cryogenic‐temperature electron microscopy direct imaging of carbon nanotubes and graphene solutions in superacids
Authors: KLEINERMAN O. , PARRA‐VASQUEZ A. NICHOLAS G. , GREEN M.J. , BEHABTU N. , SCHMIDT J. , KESSELMAN E. , YOUNG C.C. , COHEN Y. , PASQUALI M. , TALMON Y. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryCryogenic electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) is a powerful tool for imaging liquid and semiliquid systems. While cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) is a standard technique in many fields, cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo‐SEM) is still not that widely used and is far less developed. The vast majority of systems under investigation by cryo‐EM involve either water or organic components. In this paper, we introduce the use of novel cryo‐TEM and cryo‐SEM specimen preparation and imaging methodologies, suitable for highly acidic and very reactive systems. Both preserve the native nanostructure in the system, while not harming the expensive equipment or the user. We present examples of direct imaging of single‐walled, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene, dissolved in chlorosulfonic acid and oleum. Moreover, we demonstrate the ability of these new cryo‐TEM and cryo‐SEM methodologies to follow phase transitions in carbon nanotube (CNT)/superacid systems, starting from dilute solutions up to the concentrated nematic liquid‐crystalline CNT phases, used as the ‘dope’ for all‐carbon‐fibre spinning. Originally developed for direct imaging of CNTs and graphene dissolution and self‐assembly in superacids, these methodologies can be implemented for a variety of highly acidic systems, paving a way for a new field of nonaqueous cryogenic electron microscopy.
Facilitating Access to Prenatal Care Through an Interprofessional Student‐Run Free Clinic
Authors: Danhausen Kathleen , Joshi Deepa , Quirk Sarah , Miller Robert , Fowler Michael , Schorn Mavis N. 
Published: March 2015

IntroductionAddressing the persistent challenge of inadequate prenatal care requires innovative solutions. Student‐run free health centers are poised to rise to this challenge. The Shade Tree Clinic Early Pregnancy Program, jointly operated by university medical and nursing programs, functions as an ongoing access‐to‐care portal for pregnant women without health insurance. The clinic is run by medical students and nurse‐midwifery students and uses a service‐based learning model that allows students to work and learn in supervised, interprofessional teams while providing evidence‐based prenatal care.
MethodsAll data reported in this paper were obtained from a retrospective chart review of women served by the prenatal clinic. These data are descriptive in nature, and include the patient demographics and services provided by the clinic to 152 women between the years of 2010–2013.ResultsDuring this time period, the clinic served a demographically diverse clientele. Approximately half lacked documentation of legal immigration status. The majority of women seeking care were in their first trimester of pregnancy and had previously given birth. Several women had medical or obstetric complications that required timely referral to specialist care; and many women received treatment for infection and other primary care concerns.DiscussionShade Tree Clinic provides the basic components of prenatal care and assists women with other medical needs. Women also receive help when applying for and accessing public maternity insurance, and the clinic facilitates entry to any necessary specialist care while that insurance is processed. In many cases, necessary and time‐sensitive care would be delayed if Shade Tree Clinic's prenatal services were not available. In addition, the clinic presents a valuable opportunity for interprofessional socialization, increased respect, and improved collaboration between students in different but complementary professions, which is an important experience while we move to meet national goals for interprofessional care among health professionals. This article is part of a special series of articles that address midwifery innovations in clinical practice, education, interprofessional collaboration, health policy, and global health.
Defining the key clinical indicators for ineffective breathing pattern in paediatric patients: a meta‐analysis of accuracy studies
Authors: de Sousa Vanessa Emille Carvalho , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , da Silva Viviane Martins , Keenan Gail M 
Published: March 2015

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify the key clinical indicators of ineffective breathing pattern among paediatric patients.BackgroundWhen nurses perform clinical reasoning, certain characteristics represent the clinical indicators necessary to confirm the presence of a particular diagnosis. Some quantitative studies have reported the prevalence of ineffective breathing pattern in different samples of patients. However, these findings should be synthesised.DesignMeta‐analysis of quantitative nursing studies.MethodsStudies were identified via systematic searches of CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed and Scopus using the key search terms ‘ineffective’, ‘breathing’ and ‘pattern’. Additional quality‐related inclusion criteria were gleaned from the Cochrane Collaboration for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy, the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. The pertinent results from each study were extracted and analysed via meta‐analysis.ResultsSix studies using paediatric populations met the inclusion criteria. Summary measures indicated that the following defining characteristics had the highest accuracy values for ineffective breathing pattern among children: bradypnoea, dyspnoea, nasal flaring, orthopnoea, tachypnoea and the use of accessory muscles to breathe.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis provides information regarding the accuracy of the clinical indicators of ineffective breathing pattern from studies sampling diverse paediatric populations.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses can better use clinical indicators to infer the presence of ineffective breathing pattern when they are aware of the most relevant defining characteristics. Nursing students and professionals can also improve their critical thinking abilities and diagnostic reasoning based on these findings.
Physical therapy management for balance deficits in children with hearing impairments: A systematic review
Authors: Fernandes Romita , Hariprasad Shalini , Kumar Vijaya K 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChildhood hearing impairment is a significant problem, associated with long‐term academic, communicative and physical impairments. Studies have shown that children with hearing loss also present with balance and/or vestibular deficits along with complain of frequent falls. Various interventions have been studied to improvise postural control and balance in these children on different outcome measures. This review will provide the existing evidence on interventions to improve vestibular and/or balance functions. Three trials met our study criteria with PEDro score ≥6, and data were extracted, entered by two independent review authors. Though there was variability with regard to the focus and intensity of the intervention, subject characteristics and in outcome measures, vestibular rehabilitation has a positive influence on functional independence. Heterogeneity in the studies limits the comparisons of intervention programmes. We conclude that there was considerable evidence for a positive effect on balance outcomes among the hearing‐impaired population with vestibular deficits. Further investigations of high‐quality studies are needed to determine to compare interventions for improving vestibular deficits in hearing‐impaired children.
Malaria in Sydney, Australia: Lessons learned from case management
Authors: Thompson Kelly A , Marais Ben J , Kesson Alison , Isaacs David 
Published: March 2015

AimTo evaluate the clinical presentation and profile of malaria cases diagnosed at a tertiary children's hospital in AustraliaMethodsA retrospective file review of children diagnosed with malaria at the Children's Hospital Westmead from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2010.ResultsDuring the 11‐year study period, 40 children were diagnosed with malaria; 30 (75%) presented with fever; 14 (35%) complained of nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain; and eight (20%) were completely asymptomatic. The median time between arrival in Australia and malaria diagnosis was 32 (range 4–434) days. Sixteen (40%) were refugees from sub‐Saharan Africa, six (15%) were immigrants from South‐East Asia, and seven (18%) recently travelled to or visited friends and family in malaria‐endemic areas. Most (68%) cases had Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax was identified in four cases with exposures in India and Papua New Guinea; one had mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infection.ConclusionMalaria signs and symptoms were non‐specific, with an absence of fever in a quarter of cases. Diagnostic vigilance is required in all children with potential malaria exposure in the preceding year. Asymptomatic parasitaemia should be considered in recent migrants from malaria‐endemic areas.
Assembling the challenging puzzle of algal biodiversity: species delimitation within the genus Asterochloris (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Škaloud Pavel , Steinová Jana , Řídká Tereza , Vančurová Lucie , Peksa Ondřej 
Published: March 2015

The genus Asterochloris represents one of the most common, widespread, and diverse taxa of lichen photobionts. In this report, we describe and characterize six new species (A. echinata, A. friedlii, A. gaertneri, A. leprarii, A. lobophora, and A. woessiae) that were identified during our recent investigation of photobiont diversity. We found that the species differed genetically, morphologically, ecologically, and with respect to their mycobiont partners. Statistical analyses revealed significant morphological differentiation of all six newly described species, as well as their separation from previously described Asterochloris species. Chloroplast morphology represented the best morphological marker for species delineation. In fact, each species can be recognized by the dominance and unique assemblage of particular chloroplast types. Although genetically well recognized by rapidly evolving internal transcribed spacer rDNA and actin intron markers, all 13 investigated Asterochloris species shared identical small subunit rDNA sequences. We therefore demonstrated that morphologically and ecologically diverse species can frequently be grouped into a single taxonomic unit in whole‐transcriptome sequencing studies, considerably affecting the resulting estimates of species diversity. Finally, we demonstrated the presence of isogamous sexual reproduction in Asterochloris, disputing the current symbiotic dogma of the loss of sexual reproduction in algal symbionts.
Discovery of the mineral brucite (magnesium hydroxide) in the tropical calcifying alga Polystrata dura (Peyssonneliales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Nash Merinda C. , Russell Bayden D. , Dixon Kyatt R. , Liu Minglu , Xu Huifang 
Published: March 2015

Red algae of the family Peyssonneliaceae typically form thin crusts impregnated with aragonite. Here, we report the first discovery of brucite in a thick red algal crust (~1 cm) formed by the peyssonnelioid species Polystrata dura from Papua New Guinea. Cells of P. dura were found to be infilled by the magnesium‐rich mineral brucite [Mg(OH)2]; minor amounts of magnesite and calcite were also detected. We propose that cell infill may be associated with the development of thick (> ~5 mm) calcified red algal crusts, integral components of tropical biotic reefs. If brucite infill within the P. dura crust enhances resistance to dissolution similarly to crustose coralline algae that infill with dolomite, then these crusts would be more resilient to future ocean acidification than crusts without infill.