bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What are Patients Saying about Sex after a Kidney or Simultaneous Kidney/Pancreas Transplant?
Authors: Martell Jessica , Rice Elizabeth I. , Crooks Natasha K. , Ko Dami , Muehrer Rebecca J. 
Published: August 2015

Context— Chronic illnesses such as kidney failure and diabetes and their treatments can affect people's identity, including their sexual identity. Little is known about patients' perspective on the effect of transplant on their sexual identity. Objective— To explore the sexual concerns of kidney and simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplant recipients. Design— Descriptive, qualitative. Setting— Major Midwestern university hospital. Patients— 143 kidney and 70 pancreas/kidney transplant recipients; most were male (63.0%), married (64.7%), and white (83.7%), and the mean age was 49 years. Intervention— The qualitative data reported in this manuscript are derived from 2 larger quantitative studies of sexuality and quality of life in kidney and pancreas/kidney transplant recipients. The questionnaire in those studies included 2 open-ended questions that allowed participants to share their experiences as transplant recipients. Main Outcome Measure— Two faculty and 3 students did a conventional content analysis on patients' responses to the open-ended questions. Codes were extracted from the responses and then themes were created that best represented the codes. Results— Participants shared how sexual concerns affected their identity as sexual beings after transplant. Based on the responses to these open-ended questions, 4 themes were identified: sexual functioning, health care concerns, relationship with partner, and appearance changes. The study results indicate the need for improved education and provider-initiated dialogue related to sexuality after transplant.
Teaching sociology in an age of teaching ‘excellence’
Authors: O'Sullivan Sara 
Published: August 2015

In 2004 Wright et al. issued a challenge to sociologists, to examine ‘the effect of the structure of the academy on teaching and learning outcomes’ (2004: 155). In this paper I take up this challenge, beginning with a short overview of the changing Irish higher education context, highlighting three macro level changes that currently impact on teaching sociology in Ireland. I argue that such a structural lens is essential to our understanding of the meso (institutional and disciplinary) levels of teaching sociology. I argue a nascent ‘teaching and learning movement’ in Irish sociology may be emerging. A number of factors that have facilitated this are identified. However even a quick glance at Irish higher education also reveals contradictions and conflicts which threaten this movement before it is even established, including worsening staff-student ratios, increased casualisation of teaching and the neo-liberal turn. The paper concludes with a call for more sociologically informed work both on teaching and learning in Irish higher education, and on teaching sociology. This would enable more informed involvement in critical debates around teaching excellence at the national and institutional levels. It would also make public pedagogies currently in use for teaching sociology in Ireland.
Diagnostic Efficacy and Safety of Endobronchial Ultrasound‐Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in Intrathoracic Tuberculosis
Authors: Ye Wu , Zhang Ruifeng , Xu Xiaoling , Liu Yanru , Ying Kejing 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesEndobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) is a minimally invasive technique. A meta‐analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of EBUS‐TBNA in intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB).MethodsWe searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science for suitable studies. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios (LRs), and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. A summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to calculate the area under the summary ROC curve and Qpoint value (Q*).ResultsA total of 8 studies with 809 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of EBUS‐TBNA for diagnosis of intrathoracic TB were 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.85) and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.99–1.00), respectively. The positive LR was 38.25 (95% CI, 13.59–107.65); the negative LR was 0.24 (95% CI, 0.17–0.33); and the diagnostic odds ratio was 186.35 (95% CI, 63.57–546.28). The area under the summary ROC curve was 0.935, and the Q*was 0.871. The pooled sensitivity of EBUS‐TBNA for diagnosis of intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenopathy was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80–0.95). Only 1 serious complication was reported.ConclusionsEndobronchial US‐guided TBNA is an effective and safe diagnostic tool for intrathoracic TB, especially intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenopathy.
In Search of the Optimal Heart Perfusion Ultrasound Imaging Platform
Authors: Grishenkov Dmitry , Gonon Adrian , Janerot-Sjoberg Birgitta 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesQuantification of myocardial perfusion by contrast echocardiography remains a challenge. Existing imaging phantoms used to evaluate the performance of ultrasound scanners do not comply with perfusion basics in the myocardium, where perfusion and motion are inherently coupled. To contribute toward an improvement, we developed a contrast echocardiographic perfusion imaging platform based on an isolated rat heart coupled to an ultrasound scanner.MethodsPerfusion was assessed by using 3 different types of contrast agents: dextran‐based Promiten (Meda AB, Solna, Sweden), phospholipid‐shelled SonoVue (Bracco Diagnostics, Inc, Princeton, NJ), and polymer‐shelled MB‐pH5‐RT, developed in‐house. The myocardial video intensity was monitored over time from contrast agent administration to peak, and 2 characteristic constants were calculated by using an exponential fit: A, representing capillary volume; and β, representing inflow velocity.ResultsAcquired experimental evidence demonstrates that the application of all 3 contrast agents allows sonographic estimation of myocardial perfusion in the isolated rat heart. Video intensity maps show that an increase in contrast concentration increases the late‐plateau values, A, mimicking increased capillary volume. Estimated values of the flow, proportional to A × β, increase when the pressure of the perfusate column increases from 80 to 110 cm of water. This finding is in agreement with the true values of the coronary flow increase measured by a flowmeter attached to the aortic cannula.ConclusionsThe contrast echocardiographic perfusion imaging platform described holds promise for standardized evaluation and optimization of contrast perfusion ultrasound imaging in which real‐time inflow curves at low acoustic power semiquantitatively reflect coronary flow.
Intrathyroidal Ectopic Thymus in Children
Authors: Yildiz Adalet Elcin , Ceyhan Koray , Sıklar Zeynep , Bilir Pelin , Yağmurlu Emin Aydın , Berberoğlu Merih , Fitoz Suat 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to define grayscale and color Doppler sonographic features of an ectopic intrathyroidal thymus and to differentiate it from other thyroid nodule etiologies.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed imaging findings from 30 children who had a diagnosis of an ectopic intrathyroidal thymus from November 2005 to January 2013. Nodular thyroid lesions that were enclosed by the thyroid parenchyma and showed a typical echo pattern consistent with the thymus were accepted as the enclosed form of an intrathyroidal ectopic thymus. Eleven of these 30 children had an intrathyroidal ectopic thymus enclosed by the thyroid parenchyma, and they were enrolled in the study. The recorded sonograms were reviewed according to side, location, size, shape, echo pattern, internal content, and vascularization.ResultsThe enclosed forms of ectopic intrathyroidal thymuses were unilateral in all children and located in the mid portion (n = 10) or lower portion (n = 1). All lesions were well demarcated, and the most common shape was fusiform (n = 8). Nine lesions showed a typical hypoechoic echo pattern with internal linear and punctate echoes resembling a mediastinal thymus. On color Doppler imaging, 6 lesions showed hypovascularity compared to the thyroid parenchyma, and 5 lesions showed internal vascularity.ConclusionsUnique sonographic features of the enclosed form of an ectopic intrathyroidal thymus, including a hypoechoic echo pattern with multiple linear and punctate echoes, a fusiform shape, a well‐demarcated contour, and a mid‐ or low‐lying location with hypovascularity or internal vascularity, can help radiologists differentiate it from other thyroid nodule etiologies.
B‐Lines in Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Zhi , Zheng Quan , Zhou Jing , Yang Bin 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate the value of sonographic B‐lines (previously called “comet tail artifacts”) in assessment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with interstitial lung diseases.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐four patients with clinically diagnosed interstitial lung diseases complicated by pulmonary hypertension underwent transthoracic lung sonography and Doppler echocardiography for assessment of the presence of B‐lines, the distance between them, and the pulmonary artery (PA) systolic pressure. A correlation analysis and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed.ResultsAll patients had diffuse bilateral B‐lines. The maximum number of B‐lines seen in any positive zone (not a summation) was significantly correlated with the severity of PA systolic pressure (r= 0.812; P< .0001), and a linear regression equation could be demonstrated: that is, y = 6.06 x + 17.57, where x and y represent the number of B‐lines and PA systolic pressure, respectively. A cutoff of more than 4 B‐lines seen in any positive zone had 89.5% sensitivity, 85.0% specificity, and 87.2% accuracy in predicting elevated PA pressure (>30 mm Hg).ConclusionsThe number of B‐lines is useful in assessment of pulmonary hypertension, especially when tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary valve regurgitation do not exist or cannot be satisfactorily measured by Doppler echocardiography.
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Increase on Ascent to High Altitude
Authors: Kanaan Nicholas C. , Lipman Grant S. , Constance Benjamin B , Holck Peter S. , Preuss James F. , Williams Sarah R. ,   PAINS Group
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesElevated optic nerve sheath diameter on sonography is known to correlate with increased intracranial pressure and is observed in acute mountain sickness. This study aimed to determine whether optic nerve sheath diameter changes on ascent to high altitude are associated with acute mountain sickness incidence.MethodsEighty‐six healthy adults enrolled at 1240 m (4100 ft), drove to 3545 m (11,700 ft) and then hiked to and slept at 3810 m (12,500 ft). Lake Louise Questionnaire scores and optic nerve sheath diameter measurements were taken before, the evening of, and the morning after ascent.ResultsThe incidence of acute mountain sickness was 55.8%, with a mean Lake Louise Questionnaire score ± SD of 3.81 ± 2.5. The mean maximum optic nerve sheath diameter increased on ascent from 5.58 ± 0.79 to 6.13 ± 0.73 mm, a difference of 0.91 ± 0.55 mm (P = .09). Optic nerve sheath diameter increased at high altitude regardless of acute mountain sickness diagnosis; however, compared to baseline values, we observed a significant increase in diameter only in those with a diagnosis of acute mountain sickness (0.57 ± 0.77 versus 0.21 ± 0.76 mm; P = .04). This change from baseline, or Δ optic nerve sheath diameter, was associated with twice the odds of developing acute mountain sickness (95% confidence interval, 1.08–3.93).ConclusionsThe mean optic nerve sheath diameter increased on ascent to high altitude compared to baseline values, but not to a statistically significant degree. The magnitude of the observed Δ optic nerve sheath diameter was positively associated with acute mountain sickness diagnosis. No such significant association was found between acute mountain sickness and diameter elevation above standard cutoff values, limiting the utility of sonography as a diagnostic tool.
Are stress drop and rupture velocity of earthquakes independent? Insight from observed ground motion variability
Authors: Causse Mathieu , Song Seok Goo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate that the variability of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) generated by earthquakes can be simply related to the variability of stress drop (Δτ), rupture velocity (Vr) and their correlation. By compiling recent observations of variability of ΔτandVr, we show that the hypothesis of independence between ΔτandVrleads to an overestimation of the PGA variability. We suggest that ΔτandVrmust be anticorrelated so as to match recent observations of PGA variability.
An empirical study of the distribution of earthquakes with respect to rock type and depth
Authors: Tal Yuval , Hager Bradford H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWhether fault slip occurs seismically or aseismically depends on the frictional properties of the fault, which might be expected to depend on rock type and depth, as well as other factors. To examine the effect of rock type and depth on the distribution of earthquakes, we compare geologic models of the San Francisco Bay and the Southern California regions to the distribution of seismicity. We normalize the number of earthquakes within each rock type and depth interval by the corresponding volume to determine the earthquake density. Earthquake density is determined primarily by depth, while whether the rock is sedimentary or basement has only a secondary, depth‐dependent effect on the earthquake density. At very shallow depths, there is no difference in earthquake density between sedimentary and basement rocks. The earthquake density of basement rocks increases with depth more rapidly than that of sedimentary rocks to a similar but shallower maximum.
An extensive survey of dayside diffuse aurora based on optical observations at Yellow River Station
Authors: Han De‐Sheng , Chen Xiang‐Cai , Liu Jian‐Jun , Qiu Qi , Keika K. , Hu Ze‐Jun , Liu Jun‐Ming , Hu Hong‐Qiao , Yang Hui‐Gen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBy using 7 years optical auroral observations obtained at Yellow River Station (magnetic latitude 76.24°N) at Ny‐Alesund, Svalbard, we performed the first extensive survey for the dayside diffuse auroras (DDAs) and acquired observational results as follows. (1) The DDAs can be classified into two broad categories, i.e., unstructured and structured DDAs. The unstructured DDAs are mainly distributed in morning and afternoon, but the structured DDAs predominantly occurred around the magnetic local noon (MLN). (2) The unstructured DDAs observed in morning and afternoon present obviously different properties. The afternoon ones are much stable and seldom show pulsating property. (3) The DDAs are more easily observed under geomagnetically quiet times. (4) The structured DDAs mainly show patchy, stripy, and irregular forms and are often pulsating and drifting. The drifting directions are mostly westward (with speed ~5 km/s), but there are cases showing eastward or poleward drifting. (5) The stripy DDAs are exclusively observed near the MLN and, most importantly, their alignments are confirmed to be consistent with the direction of ionospheric convection near the MLN. (6) A new auroral form, called throat aurora, is found to be developed from the stripy DDAs. Based on the observational results and previous studies, we proposed our explanations to the DDAs. We suggest that the unstructured DDAs observed in the morning are extensions of the nightside diffuse aurora to the dayside, but that observed in the afternoon are predominantly caused by proton precipitations. The structured DDAs occurred near the MLN are caused by interactions of cold plasma structures, which are supposed to be originated from the ionospheric outflows or plasmaspheric drainage plumes, with hot electrons from the plasma sheet. We suppose that the cold plasma structures for producing the patchy DDAs are in lumpy and are more likely from the plasmaspheric drainage plumes. The cold plasma structure for producing the stripy DDAs should be in wedge like and is generated by conveying the cold plasmas from lower L‐shell toward higher L‐shell with magnetospheric convection, and that for producing the irregular DDAs is resulted from deforming the wedge‐like structure by disturbance. The throat aurora is supposed to be projection of a newly opened flux of reconnection. In addition, we also found that structured DDAs correspond to structured electron precipitations in the ionosphere, which implies that the cold plasma structures in the magnetosphere are magnetically mapped to the ionosphere and act as a duct for producing the structured DDAs. We argue that we have presented some new observational results about DDA in this paper, which will be useful for fully understanding the DDAs.
Sedimentation from flocculated suspensions in the presence of settling‐driven gravitational interface instabilities
Authors: Rouhnia Mohamad , Strom Kyle 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe experimentally examine sedimentation from a freshwater suspension of clay flocs overlying saltwater in the presence of gravitational instabilities. The study seeks to determine: (1) if flocculation hampers or alters interface instability formation; (2) how the removal rates of sediment from the buoyant layer compare to those predicted by individual floc settling; and (3) whether or not it is possible to develop a model for effective settling velocity. The experiments were conducted in a tank at isothermal conditions. All experiments were initially stably stratified but later developed instabilities near the interface that grew into downward convecting plumes of fluid and sediment. Throughout, we measured sediment concentration in the upper and lower layers, floc size, and plume descent rates. The data showed that flocculation modifies the mixture settling velocity, and therefore shifts the mode of interface instability from double‐diffusive (what one would expect from unflocculated clay) to settling‐driven leaking and Rayleigh‐Taylor instability formation. Removal rates of sediment from the upper layer in the presence of these instabilities were on the same order of magnitude as those predicted by individual floc settling. However, removal rates were found to better correlate with the speed of the interface plumes. A simple force‐balance model was found to be capable of reasonably describing plume velocity based on concentration in the buoyant layer. This relation, coupled with a critical Grashof number and geometry relations, allowed us to develop a model for the effective settling velocity of the mixture based solely on integral values of the upper layer.
Extreme waves seasonality analysis: An application in theMediterraneanSea
Authors: Sartini L. , Cassola F. , Besio G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA nonstationary model based on a time‐dependent version of the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD)‐Poisson point process model has been implemented and applied to model extreme wave heights in the Mediterranean basin. Thirty‐two years of wave hindcast data have been provided by a forecast/hindcast numerical chain model operational at the University of Genoa (www.dicca.unige.it/meteocean). The nonstationary behavior of wave height maxima prompted the modeling of GEV parameters with harmonic functions. Harmonics have been introduced to model seasonal cycles within a year, also taking into account long‐term trend and covariates effects. The model has been applied on eight locations corresponding to buoys belonging to the RON (Rete Ondametrica Nazionale), chosen in order to represent best the main features and variability of waves along the Italian coast. The best performing model is chosen among a large set of possible candidates identified by different combinations of wave heights maxima and model parameters. Direct comparison with stationary results has been performed; furthermore, the model has demonstrated a good performance in gathering different seasonal behaviors related to the main meteorological forcing standing on the Mediterranean Sea. Trends related to extreme significant wave heights have also been evaluated in order to offer some insight into decadal‐scale wave climate. Results achieved show how the use of a nonstationary statistical model together with the analysis of the main meteorological forcings characterizing the area could prove useful in understanding wave climate related to atmospheric dynamics.
Redox‐Neutral Rhodium‐Catalyzed CH Functionalization of Arylamine N‐Oxides with Diazo Compounds: Primary C(sp3)H/C(sp2)H Activation and Oxygen‐Atom Transfer
Authors: Zhou Bing , Chen Zhaoqiang , Yang Yaxi , Ai Wen , Tang Huanyu , Wu Yunxiang , Zhu Weiliang , Li Yuanchao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn unprecedented rhodium(III)‐catalyzed regioselective redox‐neutral annulation reaction of 1‐naphthylamine N‐oxides with diazo compounds was developed to afford various biologically important 1H‐benzo[g]indolines. This coupling reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions and does not require external oxidants. The only by‐products are dinitrogen and water. More significantly, this reaction represents the first example of dual functiaonalization of unactivated a primary C(sp3)H bond and C(sp2)H bond with diazocarbonyl compounds. DFT calculations revealed that an intermediate iminium is most likely involved in the catalytic cycle. Moreover, a rhodium(III)‐catalyzed coupling of readily available tertiary aniline N‐oxides with α‐diazomalonates was also developed under external oxidant‐free conditions to access various aminomandelic acid derivatives by an O‐atom‐transfer reaction.
Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von SrC(NH)3, einem stickstoffbasierten Carbonatanalogon mit Trinacriamotiv
Authors: Missong Ronja , George Janine , Houben Andreas , Hoelzel Markus , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStrontiumguanidinat, SrC(NH)3, die erste Verbindung mit zweifach deprotonierter Guanidineinheit, wurde aus Strontium und Guanidin in flüssigem Ammoniak synthetisiert und mittels Röntgen‐ und Neutronenpulverdiffraktion, IR‐Spektroskopie und Dichtefunktionaltheorie inklusive harmonischer Phononenrechnungen charakterisiert. Die in der hexagonalen Raumgruppe P63 /m kristallisierende Verbindung ist das Stickstoffanalogon des Strontiumcarbonats, SrCO3, und dem Motiv nach schichtartig aus Sr2+‐Ionen und komplexen Anionen des Typs C(NH)32− aufgebaut; letztere nehmen die eigentümliche Trinacriagestalt an. Der Vergleich theoretischer Phononenrechnungen mit experimentellen IR‐Banden sowie quantenchemische Bindungsanalysen erlauben einen ersten Einblick in die Bindungs‐ und Packungsverhältnisse des bisher unbekannten Anions im Kristall.
B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Transfer of Dihydrogen from One Unsaturated Hydrocarbon to Another
Authors: Chatterjee Indranil , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Grimme Stefan , Oestreich Martin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free transfer hydrogenation of 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes with cyclohexa‐1,4‐dienes as the formal source of dihydrogen is reported. The process is initiated by B(C6F5)3‐mediated hydride abstraction from the dihydrogen surrogate, forming a Brønsted acidic Wheland complex and [HB(C6F5)3]−. A sequence of proton and hydride transfers onto the alkene substrate then yields the alkane. Although several carbenium ion intermediates are involved, competing reaction channels, such as dihydrogen release and cationic dimerization of reactants, are largely suppressed by the use of a cyclohexa‐1,4‐diene with methyl groups at the C1 and C5 as well as at the C3 position, the site of hydride abstraction. The alkene concentration is another crucial factor. The various reaction pathways were computationally analyzed, leading to a mechanistic picture that is in full agreement with the experimental observations.