bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-fidelity remote entanglement of trapped atoms mediated by time-bin photons
Authors: Monroe Christopher , Saha Sagnik , Shalaev Mikhail , O'Reilly Jameson , Goetting Isabella , Toh George , Kalakuntla Ashish , Yu Yichao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Photonic interconnects between quantum processing nodes are likely the only way to achieve large-scale quantum computers and networks (1). The bottleneck in such an architecture is the interface between well-isolated quantum memories and flying photons. We establish high-fidelity entanglement between remotely separated trapped atomic qubit memories (2–4), mediated by photonic qubits stored in the timing of their pulses (5). Such time-bin encoding removes sensitivity to polarization errors, enables long-distance quantum communication, and is extensible to quantum memories with more than two states. Using a measurementbased error detection process and suppressing a fundamental source of error due to atomic recoil, we achieve an entanglement fidelity of 97% and show that fidelities beyond 99.9% are feasible.
Microstructure and Hardness Analysis of Laser Welded A357 Semi-Solid Cast Alloy
Authors: Zhu Baiwei , Zhu Tianyu , Liu Jun , Zhuang Bailiang , Yuan Hongwei , Zhang Heyao , Liu Erliang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

A357.0 alloy was casted by using RheoMetal™ process, and then welded using laser deep penetration welding. After welding, the specimens were subjected to microstructural characterization and microhardness testing. The results indicate that a surface liquid segregation (SLS) layer enriched of alloying elements was formed on the surface, resulting in an increase of Si content in molten pool compared to that in the ingot. The microstructure of the molten pool is mainly composed of fine equiaxed and columnar crystals. A small amount of spherical α1-Al phases were found in the boundary of the molten pool. The eutectic region in the melt pool is mainly composed of Si phases, and small amount of MgSi, and AlFeMgSi phases. Compared to the matrix, the content of Mg and Fe in the molten pool has significantly decreased, which may be the result of burning loss of Mg and Fe under the high laser energy. The hardness testing of the samples in this study showed that the hardness of the heat affected zone (HAZ) was significantly higher than that of the melt pool and SLS layer. The hardness of equiaxed crystals in the molten pool is slightly higher than that of columnar crystals.
Patient Expectations of Bariatric outcomes, Baseline, and Long-term Evaluation: PEBBLE study
Authors: Laan Lindsy van der , Kuipers Ellen A M , Timmerman Josien G , Kaijser Mirjam A , Det Marc J van , Emous Marloes 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study investigates preoperative patient expectations related to metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS), focusing on anticipated challenges and effects on physical, social, and psychological domains.
Methods
We performed a prospective, cross-sectional multicenter survey in adult patients awaiting primary MBS. The questionnaire gathered data on 1) the top three reasons for seeking surgery, 2) anticipated weight loss, and 3) expected remission of co-morbidities. Patients also rated the importance of information regarding complication risks, anxiety over complications, and their impact on willingness to undergo surgery. Additionally, patients reported their expectations of physical, social, and psychological changes.
Results
In total, 242 patients filled in the questionnaire. Patients prioritized mobility and health as the main reasons for choosing MBS, with other key factors including pain reduction, remission of comorbidities, and physical fitness. Patients expected a median percentage Total Weight Loss of 32% and a percentage Excess Weight Loss of 81%. Most patients expected total remission of obesity-related comorbidities. Although patients valued information on potential complications, these risks did not induce anxiety or affect the decision to undergo MBS. The most anticipated physical changes included improved mobility, pain reduction, and better health/fitness The most expected social and psychological changes were related to self-image and emotional well-being.
Conclusion
Improved mobility and health were the main reasons for undergoing MBS. Although participants had high weight loss expectations, their estimations for comorbidity resolutions were accurate. Despite prioritizing being informed about potential complications, it did not discourage patients from choosing MBS.
Soil-Microbe Assessment in Borgu LGA, Nigeria for Sustainable Soil Health and Fertility Management
Authors: OYEDELE Adedayo Omowumi , Ezaka Emmanuel , UTHMAN Azarel Caldbak O. , ODUNJO Taiwo Elijah , OGUNWEIDE Temitope A. , OJO Abigail Oluremi , ADEDIRAN James Alabi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims: The soil-Microbe relationship has a unique way of influencing rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere ecosystems. The experiment aimed to identify some biological and chemical activities and relate them to the soil's health status in the ecological zone. As well as to investigates the roles of Soil-microbial interactions in maintaining soil health and fertility by examining the microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and archaea are essential components of the soil ecosystem, and perform a wide range of functions that are critical for sustainable agriculture
Methods: The study was conducted in 14 communities of Savanna Ecology. The soils were of Basement and Sedimentary geological formations. There were varied ranges of enzyme activities in the soil samples at different locations. Amylase activity ranged between 0.01-0.06 (ug glucose/g soil), Dehydrogenase activity ranged from 0.01-0.38(ug TPF g-1 soil), Urease activity 0.010-0.32(ug urea g-1 soil) while phosphatase activity ranged from 0.01-0.3(ug PNP g-1 soil).
Results: Higher range of soil respiration was observed in 3 locations, with a range of 14.51-25.89, 12.58-21.16 and 11.59-21.71 MgCO2/soil, respectively. The least was observed in Guffanti, with a soil respiration range of 10.16-17.0 MgCO2/gsoil. There were also varied ranges of enzyme activities in the soil samples at different locations. Amylase activity ranged between 0.01-0.06 (ug glucose/g soil), Dehydrogenase activity ranged from 0.01-0.38(ug TPF g-1 soil), Urease activity 0.01-0.32(ug urea g-1 soil) while phosphatase activity ranged from 0.01-0.30(ug PNP g-1 soil).
Conclusion: High metabolic activities in the soil enhanced phosphatase sources and led to the high production of enzymes. The differences recorded in the soil health indicators across the different sampling locations may result from the soil type, agricultural practices, cropping systems and other factors, such as the abiotic and biotic components of the soil.
Promoting sodium ion conduction: bridging strategy for sodium ion transport between NASICON ceramic granules
Authors: Hao Xiaopeng , Xu Xiaolong , Ai Zizheng , Xiu Zhiliang , Shao Yongliang , Zhao Huaping , Lei Yong , Sun Yucheng , Wu Yongzhong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aiming to the key issue, the interruption of ion transport across the NASICON ceramic granules caused by ZrO2, glass and pores, in the Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). We propose the bridging strategy, basing on which Zn-NZSP/zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8)/poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) SSEs with improved ionic conductivity is successfully prepared utilizing Zn-NZSP, ZIF-8 and PVDF-HFP. The impurity phases of ZrO2 and glass are inhibited via suppressing the volatilization of Na source and P source to avoid impurity hindrance of sodium ion transport. Then, the good interface contact between Zn-NZSP and ZIF-8 is realized via the heterogeneous nucleation and in-situ growth of ZIF-8 along the surface of Zn-NZSP granules, as well as the good interface contact between ZIF-8 and PVDF-HFP is realized through the organic compatibility, constructing a bridging structure without pores. As a result, the optimized Zn-NZSP/ZIF-8/PVDF-HFP SSE delivers a high ionic conductivity of 2.2 mS cm–1 owing to the dense bridging structure without ZrO2, glass and pores (0.048 mS cm− 1 of NZSP). The symmetrical battery of NaǀSSEǀNa displays the charge-discharge voltages of ± 0.15 V and a long cycle life of more than 1500 h. This work pioneers the interface bridging strategy to connect the adjacent NASICON ceramic granules by impurity suppression and good interface contact, which is a powerful strategy to construct high sodium ion transport performance of SSEs for solid-state sodium ion batteries.
Detection and Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance Promotion Risk in the Little Akaki River Wastewater
Authors: Gessew Gebreab Teklebirhan , Desta Adey Feleke 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The misuse of antimicrobial agents in healthcare and animal husbandry has resulted in their release into the environment through wastewater. This, in turn, has led to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Antimicrobials in wastewater not only promote resistance in microbial communities but also interfere with the biodegradation of organic matter.
Objective
The study aimed to detect and evaluate the risk of antimicrobial resistance promotion in the Little Akaki River wastewater by analyzing selected antimicrobial concentration levels.
Methods
In a longitudinal study at Little Akaki River, wastewater samples collected in March-December 2019, June 2020, and August 2022 were analyzed using solid phase extraction with Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) cartridge to extract antimicrobials. A 10µL extracted sample was injected into Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) system with binary gradient elution, equipped with a Mass spectrometer operating in ESI + mode.
Results
Ciprofloxacin concentrations ranged from 5.62–9.34µg/L. In the dry season, Cefotaxime concentrations ranged from 1.89–54.86 µg/L, while in the wet season, they ranged from 32.76–64.79 µg/L. Sulfamethoxazole concentrations varied from 29.11-186.25 µg/L in the dry season and from 123.29-248.77 µg/L in the wet season.
Conclusion
Our study identified a potential for widespread antimicrobials resistance emergence in the Little Akaki River. Measured environmental levels of ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and sulfamethoxazole exceeded predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) for resistance promotion Risk Quotient (RQ) > 2 in both dry and wet seasons. However, erythromycin levels remained safe, below respective PNEC. These findings suggest a high risk of resistance development to these specific antimicrobials in the study site aquatic bacteria, with sulfamethoxazole posing the greatest threat due to its consistently high levels.
Reduced soil organic carbon sequestration driven by nitrogen deposition–induced increases in microbial carbon to phosphorus ratio in alpine grassland
Authors: Wu Jianbo , Mo Lidong , Zohner Constantin M. , Zhao Hui , Chen Fan , Wang Xiaodan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Effect of nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon and the underlying mechanisms in grassland ecosystems remains a topic of debate. Moreover, previous research has primarily concentrated on interaction between carbon and nitrogen cycles in response to nitrogen deposition, with less attention paid to how nitrogen-induced phosphorus deficits may impact soil organic carbon sequestration.
Methods
we applied a meta-analysis to quantify how soil organic carbon and phosphorus respond to nitrogen enrichment in grassland ecosystem. Besides, we conducted an eight-year field experiment involving nitrogen and phosphorus additions.
Results
the meta-analysis revealed that soil organic carbon increased below 5 g·m− 2 but decreased above 10 g·m− 2 under nitrogen addition. The field experiment also indicated that soil available phosphorus did not significantly decrease with nitrogen addition of 10 g·m− 2, suggesting an increase in soil available phosphorus due to nitrogen addition. The microbial biomass carbon to phosphorus (MC:MP) ratio significantly decreased under any level of nitrogen addition, indicating that nitrogen enhanced phosphorus limitation of microbes. Moreover, the significant negative correlation between MC:MP ratio and soil organic carbon indicated that microbial carbon limitation increased with microbial phosphorus limitation under nitrogen enrichment. Furthermore, both microbial carbon limitation and phosphorus limitation were significantly correlated with reduced soil organic carbon, suggesting that increases in the MC:MP ratio will reduce soil organic carbon sequestration.
Conclusions
soil organic carbon will decrease above 10 g·m− 2 under nitrogen addition, and the nitrogen deposition-induced MC:MP imbalance may lead to decreased soil organic carbon in alpine grassland ecosystems.
Effect of depression on health care expenditure in middle-aged and older patients with heart disease
Authors: you shushu , Gu Xiang , Sui Jing , Xiang Ziyu , Gao Fan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
Patients with heart disease frequently experience a heightened incidence of depression, thereby affecting their overall medical expenditures. Nevertheless, earlier investigations have focused on the healthcare costs incurred by individual patients with heart disease or those with depression. The present study assessed the correlation between depression and the medical expenditures of patients with heart disease, offering insights for guiding their subsequent healthcare services and medication choices.
Method
Using data from Charles, we identified 2445 middle-aged and older patients with heart disease based on their completed medical expenditure-related questionnaires. The study further calculated the questionnaire data and used multiple linear regression analysis to control for demographic variables to evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms and medical expenses.
Results
In our sample, the presence or absence of depressive symptoms exhibited statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the medical expenditures of patients. Approximately 50.27% of heart disease patients had depressive symptoms. Depression level, gender, education level, type of health insurance, consumption level, and number of other chronic diseases had significant effects on medical expenditures. A positive correlation was found between depressive symptoms and medical expenses.
Conclusion
Heart disease patients exhibiting depressive symptoms incurred higher medical expenditures compared to their counterparts without depression. The findings of this study imply the need to augment mental health care services for older individuals with heart disease and to enhance collaborative care interventions within the context of heart disease.
4-aminopyridine attenuates inflammation and apoptosis and increases angiogenesis to promote skin regeneration following a burn injury
Authors: Govindappa Prem Kumar , V.G Rahul , Ellur Govindaraj , Gaber Amir A. , Elfar John 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Severe thermal skin burns are complicated by inflammation and apoptosis, which delays wound healing and contributes to significant morbidity. Diverse treatments demonstrate limited success with mitigating these processes to accelerate healing. Agents that alter cell behavior to improve healing would alter treatment paradigms. We repurposed 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a drug approved by the US FDA for multiple sclerosis, to treat severe burns. We found that 4-AP, in the early stages of burn healing, significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1β and TNFα while increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory markers CD206, ARG-1, and IL10. 4-AP attenuated apoptosis, with decreases in apoptotic markers BAX, caspase-9, and caspase-3 and increases in anti-apoptotic markers BCL2 and BCL-XL. Furthermore, 4-AP promoted angiogenesis through increases in the expression of CD31, VEGF, and eNOS. Together, these likely contributed to accelerated burn wound closure, as demonstrated in increased keratinocyte proliferation (K14) and differentiation (K10) markers. In the later stages of burn healing, 4-AP increased TGFβ and FGF levels, which are known to mark the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. This was further demonstrated by an increased expression of α-SMA and vimentin, as well as higher levels of collagen I and III, MMP 3, and 9 in animals treated with 4-AP. Our findings support the idea that 4-AP may have a novel, clinically relevant therapeutic use in promoting burn wound healing.
Variable vertical land motion for sea level rise projections
Authors: Govorcin Marin , Bekeart David , Hamlington Benjamin , Sangha Simran , Sweet William 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Accurate projections of future sea level depend on adequately representing contributions from the land and ocean. The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change-6th Assessment Report made significant progress with most contributors to relative sea level rise. However, coastal vertical land motion (VLM) remained unchanged from previous assessments, due in part to challenges with its spatial and temporal variability. Here, we outline a framework for estimating varying VLM in fine detail, and projecting it into the future. Along the 1700-km long California coast, we show that localized VLM, often missing in current frameworks, could double current sea-level projections by 2050 in parts of San Francisco and Los Angeles. We introduce a temporary variability metric to distinguish locations with stable from changing VLM trends, typically driven by human activities. This research underscores nonlinear VLM and its uncertainties in projections, and calls out for localized monitoring to address its impacts on relative sea-level changes.
Silver Nanoparticles Immobilized on Crosslinked Vinyl Polymer for Catalytic Reduction of Nitrophenol: Experimental and Computational Studies
Authors: Elbayoumy Elsayed , El-Bindary Ashraf , Nakano Tamaki , Aboelnga Mohamed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The removal of toxic nitrophenols from the industrial wastewater is an urgent need from health, environmental and economic aspects. The present study deals with the synthesis of crosslinked vinyl polymer Poly(divinylbenzene) (poly(DVB)) through free radical polymerization technique using AIBN as initiator and acetonitrile as solvent. The prepared polymer was used as a supporter for silver nanoparticles via chemical reduction of silver nitrate on the polymer network. The prepared poly(DVB) and Ag/poly(DVB) composite were characterized by different techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The results exhibit that silver metal was well distributed on the surface of poly(DVB) without any aggregation as a nanocrystals with an average size 13 nm. Also, BET analysis confirm that Ag/poly(DVB) composite is a meso porous material with a surface area 127.428 m²/g. This composite was also applied as a heterogenous catalyst for the reduction of toxic nitrophenol in the industrial wastewater into a less toxic aminophenol with the aid of NaBH4 as reductant. In addition, Ag/poly(DVB) catalyst regards as one of the most active catalyst that exhibits an advantage over the other catalysts showing similar activities in the aspects that it can be more readily prepared than the competitors and that it works at the lowest concentration of NaBH4. Interestingly, DFT calculation were conducted to provide atomistic insights into the reduction mechanism and a detailed catalytic pathway have been proposed. Furthermore, the reusability experiment confirm that Ag/poly(DVB) was stable and can be removed from the reaction mixture by centrifuge and reused for four successive cycles with a slight decrease in their catalytic activity.
Hydrogeophysical Investigation for Groundwater Development in the Crystalline Terrain of Ohaganyi Area of Lokoja, North-Central, Nigeria
Authors: Chiazor Stephen NGOZI-CHIKA , Okanigbuan  , Ibrahim Olanrewaju Ibrahim , Adeoye Aderemi , Tobi Oyeyemi , Onugba Abraham 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Hydrogeophysical investigation of Ohagainyi area of Lokoja was undertaken to understand the local geology, ground water conditions and the prospect of groundwater development in the survey area. In this study, 2D Electrical Resistivity Profiling was carried out using electrical resistivity measurements methods. Wenner electrode configuration was employed to determine the hydrogeological characteristics of the survey area. Consequently, Five Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) points were selected based on the 2D Profiling results employing the Schlumberger electrode configuration with maximum half-current electrode spread ranging from 70 m to 100 m; the half-potential electrode spread range from 0.3 m to 5 m. Four layers were identified by the VES: topsoil, weathered, fractured, and the fresh bedrock. The weathered/fractured geologic units are the two aquifer types that were identified from the VES results. The H-type curve demonstrates that the resistivity of the first layer is higher than that of the second layer and lower than that of the third layer (ρ1 > ρ2 < ρ3s). The first layer is made up of clay and laterite. The weathered basement aquifer formed the second layer with thickness ranges of 0.69 m − 6.12 m. and the resistivity range of 3.84 Ώm − 35.17 Ώm. The fractured aquiferous layer underlain the (WB) zone with thickness range of 8.44 m – 50.7m and resistivity values ranges from 429.6 Ώm -21726.6 Ώm. If the density of the fractures in the fractured column is high, the groundwater yield from this type of aquifer could be high. The final layer is the fresh basement, which has resistivity values ranging from 16.22 Ώm to 41790.1 Ώm.
Awareness of hypertension-related complications and its determinants among adult hypertensive patients in Ethiopia
Authors: Chekol Habtam Reda , Demissie Negesu Gizaw , Mekonnen Chilot Kassa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a serious medical condition that significantly increases the risks of heart, brain, kidney, and other diseases. However, little is known about patients’ awareness of hypertension complications and associated factors in the study area. Therefore, this study is designed to assess the understanding of hypertensive patients on the risk factors of hypertension and its complications.
Objective: This study aimed to assess awareness of hypertension-related complications and associated factors among adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia, 2023.
Methods and materials: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among hypertensive patients on follow-up. Data was entered using Epi-Data version 4.6 and analysed using SPSS 26 statistical software. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was fitted. Factors with a p-value <0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression model. The Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was checked for model fitness. The odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval with p values < 0.05 was used to measure statistically significant association.
Results: A total of 422 participants were enrolled in the study, with a 100% response rate. In this, only 42.4% (95% CI: 37.7, 47.2) of them were aware towards risk factors and complications of hypertension. Urban residents with (AOR = 8.73; 95% CI: 4.37, 17.45), college and above educational level with (AOR = 4.10; 95% CI: 1.88, 8.95), government employees with (AOR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.58, 7.29), social media with (AOR = 5.95; 95% CI: 3.21, 11.02), social support with (AOR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.35, 4.99), and more than or equal to ten years duration since diagnosis with (AOR = 2:33; 95% CI: 1.15, 4.72) were significant predictors of hypertension risk factors and complications.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that patients’ awareness regarding risk factors and complications was considerably low. It can be inferred that there is a gap in hypertension awareness, inviting urgent public health intervention, particularly targeting the rural population.