bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermion Condensate as a New State of Matter
Authors: Amusia M. Ya. , Shaginyan V. R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe demonstrate that in very many natural systems consisting of huge numbers of identical fermions at zero temperature a phase transition can happen that leads to a quite specific state called fermion condensate. As a signal of such fermion condensation quantum phase transition serves unlimited increase of the effective mass of quasi‐particles that determine the excitation spectrum of multi‐fermion system under consideration. We discuss the conditions, under which this transition happens, and illustrate the physical properties of a system that is located near this phase transition. The effective mass diverge when the inter‐particle interaction is repulsive and medium strong as compared to particle's kinetic energy. So, low temperature and intermediate density plasma is a good candidate for such a phenomenon. Therefore, this paper can serve as a source of stimulating ideas when exploring a possible non‐Fermi liquid behavior of plasma. A common and essential feature of such systems is a possibility to introduce quasiparticles that are different, however, from those suggested by L.D. Landau almost sixty years ago, by crucial dependence of temperature, external magnetic field, pressure and so on. These systems exhibit scaling behavior of their effective mass and other characteristics that are determined by this effective mass. It is demonstrated that a huge amount of experimental data on different strongly correlated compounds suggest that they, starting from some temperature and down, are governed by the fermion condensation quantum phase transition. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Laser‐Triggered Proton Acceleration From Micro‐Structured thin Targets
Authors: Brantov A. , Bychenkov V. Yu. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBy using relativistic massively parallel PIC code MANDOR, which features arbitrary target design including 3D micro‐structuring, a study of ion acceleration in short laser pulse interaction with different thin targets has been performed. Based on 3D simulation results it has been shown that micro‐structures on the front surface of thin plane targets increase a number and energy of hot electrons in comparison with that for the case of pure plain foils of optimal thickness. As a result, the energy of accelerated ions also increases up to 50%. However, the efficiency of ion acceleration from structured target reduces with laser pulse intensity increase, so that for laser pulses of ultra‐relativistic intensity a positive role of surface micro‐structuring diminishes. We have also studied to which extent a sub‐ps imperfection of the laser pulse shape, which smoothes the surface micro‐structures suppresses high‐energy ion generation. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High Conductivity Mediated by Thermal Excitation of Solectrons
Authors: Ebeling W. , Chetverikov A. P. , Röpke G. , Velarde M. G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe study the quantum dynamics and statistics of electrons interacting with nonlinear excitations of a classical thermal lattice of atoms on a semi‐phenomenological basis. By theoretical estimates based on tight‐binding approximations, Wigner distributions and computer simulations we show the existence of fast and nearly loss‐free motions of electrons along crystallographic axes of a nonlinear lattice. Using mass‐action relations we estimate the density of moving bound states between electrons and lattice solitons and estimate analytically and by simulations Wigner momentum distributions which are non‐Maxwellian. Calculating the currents from these bimodal distributions we show that thermally excited solectrons in nonlinear media may lead to a considerable transport enhancement. Our estimates and simulations demonstrate that in a temperature window, where solectrons are excited and are relatively stable, conductivity and diffusion may be enhanced by up to two orders of magnitude. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiphoton Processes at the Induced Inverse Bremsstrahlung in Dense Plasmas
Authors: Krainov V. P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractElectron energy absorption in laser irradiated plasma is determined by sum of rates of multiphoton induced absorption and emission. These rates contain squares of the Bessel functions. It was shown that in moderate laser field terms with absorption and emission of several photons are large, but cancel exactly each to other. Therefore we should take into account terms with absorption and emission of only one laser photon (first order perturbation theory). (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamics of Hubbard Nano‐Clusters Following Strong Excitation
Authors: Bonitz M. , Hermanns S. , Balzer K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Hubbard model is a prototype for strongly correlated electrons in condensed matter, for molecules and fermions or bosons in optical lattices. While the equilibrium properties of these systems have been studied in detail, the excitation and relaxation dynamics following a perturbation of the system are only poorly explored. Here, we present results for the dynamics of electrons following nonlinear strong excitation that are based on a nonequilibrium Green functions approach. We focus on small systems—“Hubbard nano‐clusters”—that contain just a few particles where, in addition to the correlation effects, finite size effects and spatial inhomegeneity can be studied systematically. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Safety of saxagliptin: events of special interest in 9156 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hirshberg Boaz , Parker Artist , Edelberg Helen , Donovan Mark , Iqbal Nayyar 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundA post hoc pooled analysis was undertaken to evaluate the safety of saxagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with attention to events of special interest for dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors.MethodsPooled analyses were performed for 20 randomized controlled studies (N = 9156) of saxagliptin as monotherapy or add‐on therapy, and a subset of 11 saxagliptin + metformin studies. Adverse events and events of special interest (gastrointestinal adverse events, infections, hypersensitivity, pancreatitis, skin lesions, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoglycaemia, bone fracture, severe cutaneous adverse reactions, opportunistic infection, angioedema, malignancy, worsening renal function, and specific laboratory events) were assessed; incidence rates (events/100 person‐years) and incidence rates ratios (saxagliptin/control) were calculated (Mantel–Haenszel method).ResultsIn both pooled datasets, the incidence rates for deaths, serious adverse events, discontinuations due to adverse events, pancreatitis, malignancy, and most other events of special interest, excepting bone fractures and hypersensitivity, were similar between treatments, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incidence rates ratios including 1. In the 20‐study pool, the incidence rates per 100 person‐years was higher with saxagliptin versus control for bone fractures [1.1 vs 0.6; incidence rates ratio (95% CI), 1.81 (1.04–3.28)] and hypersensitivity adverse events [1.3 vs 0.8; 1.67 (1.01–2.87)].ConclusionsPooled data from 20 studies confirm that saxagliptin has a favourable safety and benefit–risk profile. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulfonyl Acetylenes as Alkynylating Reagents Under Radical or Anionic Conditions
Authors: García Ruano José Luis , Alemán José , Parra Alejandro , Marzo Leyre 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe provide a summary of the literature describing the use of β‐substituted sulfonylacetylenes as efficient alkynylation reagents in their reactions with radical or anionic species. Such alkynylation is due to the unexpected behavior of ethynyl sulfones, which undergo “anti‐Michael” addition of radicals and organolithium reagents and subsequent elimination of the sulfinate moiety. The reaction behavior of alkyl radicals, generated by different procedures, allows the alkynylation of any kind of C(sp3), C(sp2), and C(sp) carbon atoms, being especially efficient for α‐positions to heteroatoms With organolithium reagents alkynylation can be achieved with very few restrictions, providing substituted acetylenes or conjugated enynes of any kind in high yields under very mild conditions. Ynol ethers and alkynylphosphonates are also accessible through reactions with metal alkoxides and trialkyl phosphites, respectively.
Diagenetic transformations and silcrete–calcrete intergrade duricrust formation in palaeo‐estuary sediments
Authors: Ringrose S. , Cassidy L. , Diskin S. , Coetzee S. , Matheson W. , Mackay A. W. , Harris C. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe Boteti palaeo‐estuary in northern Botswana is located where the endoreic Boteti river, an overflow from the regional Okavango river system, enters the Makgadikgadi pans. The present work considers diagenetic silica and calcium carbonate dominated transformations. The aims are to help identify precursor conditions for the origin of microcrystalline silcrete–calcrete intergrade deposits while developing insight into pene‐contemporaneous silica and calcite matrix formation. General precursor conditions require the presence of cyclical endoreic freshwater inflow into a saline pan. The pan should be deep enough to sustain a permanent watertable under climatic conditions sufficient to cause carbonate fractionation within the groundwater. Freshwater inflow into a saline pan drives the geochemistry of the system (from freshwater to saline, from neutral to high pH). The geochemistry is controlled by the periodicity of inflow relative to salinity levels of phreatic groundwater in the receptor saline pan. The source of most silica and localized CaCO3is derived from the dissolution and precipitation of micro‐fossils, while more general CaCO3enrichment stems from saline pan based carbonate fractionation. Diagenetic change leads to colloidal then more consolidated bSiO2/CaO aggregate formation (amorphous silica) followed by transformations into opaline silica over time. Irregular zones of siliceous sediment forming in otherwise calcareous deposits may relate to the irregular occurrence of biogenic silica in the source sediments, inferring a source for local silica mobilization in intergrade deposits. The distribution of calcareous micro‐fossils may have a similar converse effect. Diagenetic evidence from an intergrade deposit with a low SiO2/CaO ratio suggests that transformation occurred more into the pan, while an intergrade deposit with a high SiO2/CaO ratio more likely formed closer to a land margin and was frequently inundated by freshwater. Pene‐contemporaneous silcrete–calcrete intergrade formation under the above conditions may take place where dissolved silica crystallizes out in the vicinity of calcite crystals due to local decreases in pH. The continuing consolidation of bSiO2/CaO aggregates may be facilitated by the presence of increasing amounts of calcite. It appears that CaCO3may act as a catalyst leading to pene‐contemporaneous bSiO2/CaO aggregate formation. However the processes involved require further work. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inter-laboratory trial of a standardized sediment contact test with the aquatic plant Myriophyllum aquaticum (ISO 16191)
Authors: Feiler Ute , Ratte Monika , Arts Gertie , Bazin Christine , Brauer Frank , Casado Carmen , Dören Laszlo , Eklund Britta , Gilberg Daniel , Grote Matthias , Gonsior Guido , Hafner Christoph , Kopf Willi , Lemnitzer Bernd , Liedtke Anja , Matthias Uwe , Okos Ewa , Pandard Pascal , Scheerbaum Dirk , Schmitt-Jansen Mechthild , Stewart Kathleen , Teodorovic Ivana , Wenzel Andrea , Pluta Hans-Jürgen 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

A whole-sediment toxicity test with Myriophyllum aquaticum has been developed by the German Federal Institute of Hydrology and standardized within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO; ISO 16191). An international ring-test was performed to evaluate the precision of the test method. Four sediments (artificial, natural) were tested. Test duration was 10 d, and test endpoint was inhibition of growth rate (r) based on fresh weight data. Eighteen of 21 laboratories met the validity criterion of r ≥ 0.09 d−1 in the control. Results from 4 tests that did not conform to test-performance criteria were excluded from statistical evaluation. The inter-laboratory variability of growth rates (20.6%–25.0%) and inhibition (26.6%–39.9%) was comparable with the variability of other standardized bioassays. The mean test-internal variability of the controls was low (7% [control], 9.7% [solvent control]), yielding a high discriminatory power of the given test design (median minimum detectable differences [MDD] 13% to 15%). To ensure these MDDs, an additional validity criterion of CV ≤ 15% of the growth rate in the controls was recommended. As a positive control, 90 mg 3,5-dichlorophenol/kg sediment dry mass was tested. The range of the expected growth inhibition was proposed to be 35 ± 15%. The ring test results demonstrated the reliability of the ISO 16191 toxicity test and its suitability as a tool to assess the toxicity of sediment and dredged material. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:662–670. © 2013 SETAC
Locating double bonds in lipids – New approaches to the use of ozonolysis
Authors: Sun Chenxing , Curtis Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSince the location of double bonds within a lipid molecule is critical to its biological function, methods that reveal details of this structural arrangement are of importance. Ozone can react with double bonds resulting in ozonolysis products that have masses characteristic of the exact location of these double bonds within fatty acid residues. This paper describes the use of the ozonolysis reaction for the assignment of double bond positions, with a focus on the recent developments in coupling ozonolysis reactions in‐situ and in‐line with mass spectrometry, even for use with complex lipid samples.
Novel zinc‐rich epoxy paint coatings with hydrated alumina and carbon nanotubes supported polypyrrole for corrosion protection of low carbon steel: Part II: Corrosion prevention behavior of the hybrid paint coatings
Authors: Gergely A. , Pászti Z. , Bertóti I. , Török T. , Mihály J. , Kálmán E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUtilization of various types of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in zinc‐rich paints (ZRPs) is presented addressing percolation and porosity related phenomena of traditional ZRPs. Hybrid paint coatings were formulated with 3.21 wt% polypyrrole (PPy) deposited alumina‐MWCNT inhibitor particles (PDAMIPs) and 70 wt% zinc contents. Corrosion protection behavior of the hybrid coatings was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), glow‐discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD OES), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and FT‐Raman spectroscopy. Immersion and salt‐spray chamber tests gave evidence of improved galvanic protection and barrier nature of the hybrid coatings over the conventional ZRPs, whereas inhibited zinc corrosion and ignorable steel corrosion took place besides lower degradation of the binder. Zinc‐rich hybrid paints with either high relative amount of polyelectrolyte‐modified or low proportion of functionalized MWCNTs afforded enhanced corrosion prevention. This result is partly attributed to the nanotube volume fractions around the threshold of infinite cluster formation contributing to electrical percolation and galvanic action of the hybrids. Experimental results are discussed in a broader context on the basis of structure related findings of the PDAMIPs (described in Part I) and in the light of recent literature data. From the newly developed inhibitor particles, some of them are respected as worthy additives for application in hybrid coatings featuring high performance corrosion prevention functionality.
CompoundProtein Interaction Prediction Within Chemogenomics: Theoretical Concepts, Practical Usage, and Future Directions
Authors: Brown J. B. , Niijima Satoshi , Okuno Yasushi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWith advancements in high‐throughput technologies and open availability of bioassay data, computational methods to generate models, that zoom out from a single protein with a focused ligand set to a larger and more comprehensive description of compound‐protein interactions and furthermore demonstrate subsequent translational validity in prospective experiments, are of prime importance. In this article, we discuss some of the new benefits and challenges of the emerging computational chemogenomics paradigm, particularly with respect to compound‐protein interaction. Examples of experimentally validated computational predictions and recent trends in molecular feature extraction are presented. In addition, analyses of cross‐family interactions are considered. We also discuss the expected role of computational chemogenomics in contributing to increasingly expansive network‐level modeling and screening projects.
Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes porcine oocyte maturation and is accompanied by activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
Authors: Dang‐Nguyen Thanh Quang , Haraguchi Seiki , Kikuchi Kazuhiro , Somfai Tamás , Bodó Szilárd , Nagai Takashi 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYWe produced recombinant porcine leukemia inhibitory factor (pLIF) and examined its effect on in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes and their developmental competence after in vitro fertilization. Porcine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in a medium supplemented with pLIF during the first 22 hr, last 22 hr, or entire 44 hr duration of IVM. Oocytes in all groups tended to show enhanced nuclear maturation rates by the metaphase II (MII) stage (76.1%, 82.1%, and 86.6%, respectively) compared to the without‐pLIF treatment group (69.6%, control). A significant increase in MII rate (P < 0.05) and obvious induction of cumulus expansion were observed over the whole time span (44 hr) in the IVM group. When cumulus cells were removed at 22 hr and denuded oocytes were further cultured, pLIF showed no effect on maturation rate. Oocytes matured in pLIF‐supplemented medium showed a tendency for more rapid blastocyst development (21.1% vs. 16.2%, P = 0.0715). Examination of transcripts and proteins of the LIF signaling pathway in COCs revealed that LIF, LIF receptors, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are present in both cumulus cells and oocytes. The amount of phosphorylated STAT3 (p‐STAT3) markedly increased in both cumulus cells and oocytes cultured in pLIF‐supplemented media, although oocyte p‐STAT3 disappeared after 44 hr of IVM. These results suggest that the LIF/STAT3 pathway is functional during IVM of porcine oocytes, and supplementing pLIF in the IVM medium can improve oocyte maturation by activating this pathway. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Bird in the Hand: Data Collation and Novel Analysis of Avian Remains from South Uist, Outer Hebrides
Authors: Best J. , Mulville J. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe island of South Uist in the Outer Hebrides has a rich archaeological past and a rich ecotonal landscape, which provides access to a wide range of avian resources. Throughout the island's past, these have played an important but sometimes modest role in the subsistence and life of the local populations. This paper explores fowling and avian resource use on South Uist through the analysis of new bone assemblages and their integration with collated existing avian data. The dataset shows that the inhabitants of South Uist made use of a wide range of avian resources year round. Some species were specifically and repeatedly targeted, whereas others were exploited infrequently or in low numbers. A targeted use of seabirds was identified, with period‐specific increases in the capture of waders and waterfowl. A range of habitats from sea to moors were utilised for avian resources, and several capture techniques would have been employed. Evidence also suggests that birds were taken from further afield. The introduction of domesticates is traced from initially low numbers in the Iron Age to their increased occurrence in the Norse period. Over time, there is a notable decrease in the presence of great auk (Pinguinus impennis). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recurrent structural malformations identified among Mowat–Wilson syndrome fetuses
Authors: Zhou Yan , Huang Jin , Cheng Yvonne Kwun Yue , Leung Tak Yeung , Pooh Ritsuko K. , Lo Fai Man , Choy Kwong Wai 
Published: December 2013

What's already known about this topic?

Mowat–Wilson syndrome (MWS) (OMIM#235730) is a genetic disease caused by mutations or deletions of the ZEB2 gene and characterized by typical facial dysmorphism. It is rarely diagnosed prenatally.What does this study add?

We report and review the ultrasound features of MWS fetuses identified by array comparative genomic hybridization study.
The MWS should be considered in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency, ACC, hypospadias, and congenital heart defect.
The prevalence of MWS in Hong Kong is reported.
Improved performance of Ge‐alloyed CZTGeSSe thin‐film solar cells through control of elemental losses
Authors: Hages Charles J. , Levcenco Sergej , Miskin Caleb K. , Alsmeier Jan H. , Abou‐Ras Daniel , Wilks Regan G. , Bär Marcus , Unold Thomas , Agrawal Rakesh 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNanocrystal‐based Cu2Zn(SnyGe1‐y)(SxSe4‐x) (CZTGeSSe) thin‐film solar cell absorbers with tunable band gap have been prepared. Maximum solar‐conversion total area efficiencies of up to 9.4% are achieved with a Ge content of 30 at.%. Improved performance compared with similarly processed films of Cu2ZnSn(SxSe4‐x) (CZTSSe, 8.4% efficiency) is achieved through controlling Ge loss from the bulk of the absorber film during the high‐temperature selenization treatment, although some Ge loss from the absorber surface is still observed following this step. Despite limitations imposed by elemental losses present at the absorber surface, we find that Ge alloying leads to enhanced performance due to increased minority charge carrier lifetimes as well as reduced voltage‐dependent charge carrier collection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A personal approach to treatment is the key to advances in psychiatry
Authors: Titmarsh Steve 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe search for the means to identify patients most likely to respond to specific treatments is the ultimate goal in many areas of medicine, and psychiatry is no exception. Delegates at the Latest Advances in Psychiatry symposium held in London in March heard about work within the fields of dementia, depression and addiction that may bring that goal closer to a reality. Steve Titmarsh reports.
Review of the choice and use of antidepressant drugs
Authors: Bleakley Stephen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAs part of our updated series of articles on the major psychiatric drug groups, produced in association with the College of Mental Health Pharmacy (www.cmhp.org.uk), Stephen Bleakley describes the use of antidepressants through a review of the most recent clinical literature. Pharmacology, interactions and side‐effects as well as drug choice and information to give to patients are discussed.