bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for the treatment of SYNGAP1‐related non‐specific intellectual disability
Authors: Anderson Joseph S. , Lodigiani Alyse L. , Barbaduomo Camilla M. , Beegle Julie R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSynaptic Ras GTPase activating protein 1 (SYNGAP1)‐related non‐specific intellectual disability is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by an insufficient level of SynGAP1 resulting in a dysfunction of neuronal synapses and presenting with a wide array of clinical phenotypes. Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy has the potential to deliver therapeutic levels of functional SynGAP1 to affected neurons upon transduction of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with a lentiviral vector.MethodsAs a novel approach toward the treatment of SYNGAP1, we have generated a lentiviral vector expressing a modified form of SynGAP1 for transduction of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The gene‐modified cells were then transplanted into adult immunodeficient SYNGAP1+/− heterozygous mice and evaluated for improvement of SYNGAP1‐related clinical phenotypes. Expression of SynGAP1 was also evaluated in the brain tissue of transplanted mice.ResultsIn our proof‐of‐concept study, we have demonstrated significant improvement of SYNGAP1‐related phenotypes including an improvement in motor abilities observed in mice transplanted with the vector transduced cells because they displayed decreased hyperactivity in an open field assay and an increased latency to fall in a rotarod assay. An increased level of SynGAP1 was also detected in the brains of these mice.ConclusionsThese early‐stage results highlight the potential of this stem cell gene therapy approach as a treatment strategy for SYNGAP1.
Mentoring: Shaping the professional identity of the academic internal medicine hospitalist
Authors: Bloom‐Feshbach Kimberly , Klimenko Maria , Fluet Kimberly , Lang Valerie J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundBurnout and lagging academic productivity are pressing challenges in hospital medicine, leading to stagnation and attrition. Mentoring shapes professional identity formation and enhances faculty vitality and retention, but has not been optimized among academic hospitalists.ObjectivesWe sought to explore how mentoring impacts academic hospitalist professional identity and to elucidate barriers to mentoring in the field.MethodsWe conducted focus groups at three academic medical centers. Informed by social‐constructivist theory of identity development, we coded deidentified data and performed thematic analysis.ResultsThirty‐one academic hospitalists participated with 1 to >20 years experience. Mentoring shaped professional identity formation in six core domains: choosing academic hospital medicine, identifying and focusing on an area of interest, progressing career, navigating work‐life integration, staying in academic medicine, and becoming a mentor. Distinct models included dyadic mentoring, peer mentoring, organic mentoring, and mentoring teams, each with benefits and limitations. We identified nine key mentoring actions that influenced hospitalist professional identity formation and career development. Mentoring barriers included lack of time, awareness, and access to experienced mentors, as well as poor quality mentoring and mentor‐mentee malalignment. Aspects of hospitalists' professional identity also posed barriers, including ambivalence around academic identity.ConclusionsMentoring fosters academic thriving and retention in academic hospitalists. Access to effective mentoring remains lacking due to few senior mentors in the relatively new field of hospital medicine and reticence in academic identity, among other factors. Mentoring training, impact on underrepresented minority hospitalists, and integration into institutional culture should be considered for enhancing the career development of academic hospitalists.
Prognostic Assessment in Patients With Primary Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System Using MRI‐Based Radiomics
Authors: Liu Jianpeng , Tu Jiaqi , Hu Bin , Li Chao , Piao Sirong , Lu Yucheng , Li Anning , Ding Tianling , Xiong Ji , Zhu Fengping , Li Yuxin 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) carries a poor prognosis. Radiomics may hold potential value in prognostic assessment.PurposeTo develop and validate an MRI‐based radiomics model and combine it with clinical factors to assess progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with PCNSL.Study TypeRetrospective and prospective.PopulationThree hundred seventy‐nine patients (179 female, 53 ± 7 years) from 2014 to 2022.Field Strength/SequenceT2/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, contrast‐enhanced T1WI and diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging sequences on 3.0 T.AssessmentRadiomics features were extracted from enhanced tumor regions on preoperative multi‐sequence MRI. Using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model to select radiomic signatures in training cohort (N = 169). Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for clinical, radiomics, and combined models, with internal (N = 72) and external (N = 32) cohorts validating model performance.Statistical TestsChi‐squared, Mann–Whitney, Kaplan–Meier, log‐rank, LASSO, Cox, decision curve analysis, time‐dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic, area under the curve (AUC), and likelihood ratio test. P‐value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsFollow‐up duration was 28.79 ± 22.59 months (median: 25). High‐risk patients, determined by the median radiomics score, showed significantly lower survival rates than low‐risk patients. Compared with NCCN‐IPI, conventional imaging and clinical models, the combined model achieved the highest C‐index for both PFS (0.660 internal, 0.802 external) and OS (0.733 internal, 0.781 external) in validation. Net benefit was greater with radiomics than with clinical alone. The combined model exhibited performance with AUCs of 0.680, 0.752, and 0.830 for predicting 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year PFS, and 0.770, 0.789, and 0.863 for OS in internal validation, with PFS AUCs of 0.860 and 0.826 and OS AUCs of 0.859 and 0.748 for 1‐year and 3‐year survival in external validation.Data ConclusionIncorporating a multi‐sequence MR‐based radiomics model into clinical models enhances the assess accuracy for the prognosis of PCNSL.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Application of the Mask R‐CNN model to cold front identification in Eurasia
Authors: Qin Yujing , He Shuya , Lu Chuhan , Ding Liuguan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCold fronts often bring catastrophic weather events, which are exacerbated under global warming. Thus, the automatic and objective identification of cold fronts will be helpful for accurate forecasting and comprehensive analysis of cold fronts. Recently, machine learning methods have been applied to meteorological study. In this study, a cold front identification method based on the deep learning model Mask R‐CNN is proposed to automatically identify cold fronts from massive data. The Mask R‐CNN method shows high accuracy after the comparison with traditional methods and is effective for identifying the cold fronts in both continuous time and extreme precipitation events. Based on the obtained cold‐front samples, we conduct some statistical analysis. The results show that the frequency of cold front is unevenly distributed over Eurasia, with the highest in the Daxing'anling region and the mid‐latitude storm axis, especially in winter. The method and results presented in this study may have some implications for the application of deep learning models in weather system identification.
The Currey cycle of Great Salt Lake: an early Younger Dryas lake in the Bonneville basin, Utah, USA
Authors: Oviatt Charles G. , Craig Young D. , Duke Daron 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe highest cycle of post‐Lake Bonneville Great Salt Lake in the Bonneville basin, Utah, USA, was thought for many years to have formed the ‘Gilbert shoreline’ (quotation marks indicate lack of scientific support). Mapping of the ‘shoreline’ is not reproducible and the concept has multiple problems, including that the ‘shoreline’ cannot be correlated with the well‐documented major rise of Great Salt Lake during the terminal Pleistocene. To avoid confusion, we propose abandoning the name Gilbert, which previously had been applied informally to both the hypothetical shoreline and lake cycle, and instead we use the name Currey cycle for the lake rise. During the Younger Dryas Currey cycle, Great Salt Lake became fresh to brackish about 12 700 cal a bp, and rose roughly 15 m higher than the modern lake. The end of the Currey cycle marked the beginning of extensive human occupation of the Old River Bed inland delta.
Analysis of green pigments: The case of Almada Negreiros maritime station murals in Lisbon (Portugal)
Authors: Valadas Sara , Vandenabeele Peter , Gil Milene , Frade José C. , Vermeersch Eva , Lycke Sylvia , Dias Luís , Candeias António , Costa Mafalda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn 1949, Almada Negreiros painted at the maritime station of Rocha do Conde de Óbidos, in Lisbon, six monumental mural paintings, which are considered as his highest artistic achievement. On these paintings, he resorted to a bright colourful palette, which needs to be studied to support conservation and preservation of these artworks for future generations. Among the pigments under study within project ALMADA, the identification of the green samples is the most challenging, as Almada Negreiros seems to have explored different hues by using simultaneously inorganic (e.g., emerald green, Scheele's green and viridian) as well as organo‐synthetic pigments that were rather unusual when employing a traditional mural painting technique (e.g., PG7 and PG8). Moreover, he seems to have admixed white (e.g., titanium white) or blue pigments (e.g., ultramarine) to modify the hues. The different colourants found, as well as the use of mixtures of pigments, hints that Almada Negreiros was keen on experimenting and applying relatively novel painting materials. Raman spectroscopy, given its ability to identify inorganic as well as organic components, is a key analytical tool to discriminate between all these compounds. The findings were also supported by complimentary analytical techniques, including colourimetry, handheld X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (h‐XRF) and micro‐Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (μ‐FT‐IR). Identification of the green pigments by Raman spectroscopy is, however, not always straightforward, and it is demonstrated how changes in relative band intensities and band broadening can point to mixtures, where the Raman spectral features of some compounds can easily be overseen in the spectrum.
Preparation, structural and morphological characterization of cartilage type II collagen peptide assemblies from sturgeon head
Authors: Cui Pengbo , Shao Tianlun , He Jianfei , Tang Wei , Yu Mingxiao , Zhao Weixue , Liu Jianhua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSturgeon cartilage type II collagen peptides (SHCPs) can self‐assemble and be used to prepare collagen peptide assemblies. Self‐assembled peptides have great potential for applications in the food industry. In the present study, self‐assembled peptides were prepared from sturgeon cartilage and then characterized.RESULTSThe SHCPs self‐assembled and formed collagen peptide assemblies. After response surface experiment optimization, the optimal enzyme digestion process comprised 43.1 °C, 3.37 h and 0.96% enzyme addition, and the peptide yield was 78.46%. Physicochemical analysis showed that the SHCPs were amphiphilic, with an average molecular weight of 1081 Da, and were rich in hydrophobic amino acids. Peptide sequence identification showed that the peptides of SHCPs with polar amino acids followed by hydrophobic amino acids could be self‐assembled through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. Through turbidity experiments, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrated that SHCPs can self‐assemble into reticular and tubular structures under specific conditions. Furthermore, both the SHCPs‐Ca and SHCPs‐Mg assemblies were stabilized within a pH range consistent with that of the human gastrointestinal tract.CONCLUSIONThe present study provides a simple and safe method for preparing novel self‐assembled peptide materials from sturgeon by‐products, providing a scientific basis for the exploitation of sturgeon cartilage and potentially reducing resource wastage. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ixekizumab trough concentrations in psoriasis: Paving the way towards personalised therapy: A cohort study
Authors: Schots Lisa , Soenen Rani , Thomas Debby , Stockman Annelies , Dreesen Erwin , Eylenbosch Anke , Lambert Jo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundBiologics for psoriasis demonstrate varying clinical outcome in real‐world practice, implying potential under‐ and overexposure.ObjectivesIn this prospective cohort study we aimed to develop and validate an in‐house sandwich‐type enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for ixekizumab (IXE), and to explore whether there is an exposure‐response relationship in standard maintenance dose for IXE, and whether patient factors influence IXE exposure and clinical outcome.MethodsThis was a prospective, multicentric, cohort study in psoriasis patients treated with IXE according to standard dosing regimen (BIOLOPTIM‐IXE). IXE trough concentrations (TCs) in sera collected at multiple timepoints were measured using an in‐house immunoassay.ResultsUsing MA‐IXE117E12 and MA‐IXE100F5‐biotin as the capture and detection antibodies, respectively, an ELISA was developed with an exposure‐response curve ranging from 10 to 0.16525 ng/mL. One hundred‐fifteen steady‐state serum samples from 48 patients (17 [35.4%] bio‐experienced; median body weight, 81.5 kg) were measured. Optimal responders (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index [PASI] ≤ 2) had significantly higher TCs than suboptimal responders (PASI > 2) (median TCs, 4.4 and 3.0 μg/mL, respectively; p = 0.026). Median cohort IXE TC was 4.1 µg/mL [2.8−6.1]. An optimal steady‐state IXE TC of 3.4 µg/mL was identified for clinical outcome defined by absolute PASI. Median TCs and absolute PASI were significantly lower and worse, respectively, in patients ≥ 90 kg (p < 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively) and in bio‐experienced subjects (p < 0.001 and p = 0.029, respectively).ConclusionsThis study identified an IXE exposure‐response relationship and an optimal effective steady‐state TC of 3.4 µg/mL in real‐world psoriasis patients, revealing the potential of therapeutic drug monitoring in optimising IXE use.
Recovery of carbonized soils with a chemical catalyst: In vitro studies for developing applications
Authors: Vega Ivan , Chavez Viviana , Scott Ian , Parodi Jorge 
Published: July 2024

AbstractForest fires and burn offs generate high soil temperatures, mineralizing organic matter and trapping it in the form of charcoal. A system that can catalyze its liberation in the absence of bacteria is a technological innovation that accelerates the recovery of these soils. We evaluated the parameters of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus in ashes from wood, charcoal, and burned earth. We observe that using the TCAS‐CATA catalyst in a 1% V/V solution generated a threefold increase in the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) parameters in the solutions. Using this solution on land with low fertility increased values for organic soil richness, as evaluated by NPK rising by over three times the basal rate. These data indicate that using this TCAS‐CATA helps recover nutrients from carbonized material, improves soil, and aids it in recovery in less time.
Compost as an Alternative to Inorganic Fertilizers in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Production
Authors: Diatta Andre A. , Kanfany Ghislain , Camara Boubacar , Bassène César , Manga Anicet G. B. , Seleiman Mahmoud , Mbow Cheikh , Schillaci Calogero 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTSoil fertility management is essential to sustain agricultural production in smallholder farming systems. An experiment was carried out to assess the viability of the combined use of compost and inorganic fertilizers as an alternative to conventional inorganic fertilization under greenhouse conditions. The 10 treatments, arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six replications, consisted of a control, conventional mineral fertilization (150 kg NPK ha−1), composts added to the soil alone (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 t ha−1), and their combination with 50% of recommended rate of inorganic fertilizers (75 kg NPK ha−1). Application of 7.5 t ha−1 of compost and 50% of the recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer (75 kg NPK ha−1) gave the significantly highest seed yield, corresponding to a 30% increase over NPK‐fertilized plants. The combined application of 2.5 or 10 t ha−1 compost with 75 kg NPK ha−1 increased plant height by 38% compared with the NPK treatment. Additionally, stem diameter increased by 53% when 5 t ha−1 of compost and 75 kg NPK ha−1 were mixed. As expected, control plants produced the most nodules (108), 85% more than inorganic fertilization. Plants fertilized with 7.5 or 10 t ha−1 of compost and 75 kg NPK ha−1 produced 17% more pods, seeds per pod, and seeds per plant than NPK treatments. However, fertilization treatments had no significant effects on cowpea fresh and dry biomass or SPAD values. The results reveal that combining compost with inorganic fertilizer reduced synthetic fertilization by 50%, while producing growth and yields comparable to, or even higher than, recommended inorganic fertilization. This experiment demonstrated that integrated soil fertility management can be used as an alternative to the use of inorganic fertilizers in cowpea cultivation.
Congenital heart disease: types, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options
Authors: Meng Xiao , Song Ming , Zhang Kai , Lu Weida , Li Yunyi , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Yun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCongenital heart disease (CHD) is a structural abnormality of the heart and/or great vessels and patients with CHD are at an increased risks of various morbidities throughout their lives and reduced long‐term survival. Eventually, CHD may result in various complications including heart failure, arrhythmias, stroke, pneumonia, and sudden death. Unfortunately, the exact etiology and pathophysiology of some CHD remain unclear. Although the quality of life and prognosis of patients with CHD have significantly improved following technological advancement, the influence of CHD is lifelong, especially in patients with complicated CHD. Thus, the management of CHD remains a challenge due to its high prevalence. Finally, there are some disagreements on CHD among international guidelines. In this review, we provide an update of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment in most common type of CHD, including patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of the great arteries, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, coronary anomalies, left and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, tetralogy of Fallot and Ebstein anomaly. In particular, we focus on what is known and what is unknown in these areas, aiming to improve the current understanding of various types of CHD.
Field‐based validation of penalty shooting recommendations: An experiment with elite youth football players
Authors: Nesseler Cornel , Gasparetto Thadeu , Parshakov Petr 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch has suggested many ways in which professional football players can increase their penalty shooting success rate. We set up a field experiment testing these recommendations. We perform the experiment with one of the most successful youth academies in the world. All players are highly skilled, including prospective and current Brazilian youth national players. The players either decide themselves where to shoot or the coach tells them where to shoot. The coach does not reveal if the decision is based on a random allocation or his own choice. The algorithm randomly selects where players must shoot. The results from the experiment show that the best outcome is when players choose where they want to shoot. Coaches and random algorithm have a lower success rate, although following research‐based recommendations. The findings are important as they show that researchers should test their recommendations in the field as they do not necessarily translate into real‐life settings.
High efficiency dual‐band rectifiers with wide input power range for wireless power transfer
Authors: Liu Yan , Xie Gang , Wang Jianxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA watt‐scale dual‐band rectifier with excellent efficiency and a wide input power range is proposed in this letter. The rectifier is composed of two stages. In the first stage, a novel impedance‐matching network with four transmission lines (TLINs) is proposed, which can independently change the input impedance of each band over a large input power range. This approach by deriving closed‐form analytical equations to obtain an exact solution. To test the parameters of the first part of the TLINs in validation and to guarantee excellent efficiency, two TLINs are used in the second stage to control the harmonics. At 0 dBm, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 51.2% and 56.7% at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz, respectively, at a load of 1.2 kΩ. At 2.4 GHz, PCE reaches a peak of 68% at 13 dBm. At 5.8 GHz, PCE enhances up to 89% at 17 dBm. At 2.4 and 5.8 GHz, the PCE exceeds 70% of the peak over a wide input power range of −3 to 18 and 1.5–18 dBm, respectively. For verification, the proposed rectifier is fabricated. The simulation results are consistent with the measurements. The proposed rectifier performs well in terms of compactness and rectification effectiveness. It provides a solution for powering low‐power devices.
Transitioning from 0.5 to 0.9 mT: Protecting against inadvertent activation of magnet mode in active implants
Authors: Steckner Michael C. , Grainger David , Charles‐Edwards Geoff 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe “5 gauss line” is a phrase that is likely to be familiar to everyone working with MRI, but what is its significance, how was it defined, and what changes are currently in progress? This review explores the history of 5 gauss (0.5 mT) as a threshold for protecting against inadvertently putting cardiac pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and other active implantable medical devices into a “magnet mode.” Additionally, it describes the background to the recent change of this threshold to 9 gauss (0.9 mT) in the International Standard IEC 60601‐2‐33 edition 4.0 that defines basic safety requirements for MRI. Practical implications of this change and some ongoing and emerging issues are also discussed.