bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is caries prevalence site-specific in cleft lip and palate patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gupta Alpa , Sethi Simar , Wadhwa Jitesh , Batra Puneet , Shick Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Previous systematic reviews indicate that there is an increased prevalence of caries in cleft patients in comparison to their healthy control group. To date, the prevalence of caries between unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) has not been quantitatively evaluated. This review aims to include published studies that examined caries prevalence in patients with UCLP and BCLP to find out whether a quantitative difference exists in caries experience among them.

Materials and Methods:
Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases were searched from inception to November 2021. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO registration no. CRD2021292425. Prevalence-based studies that evaluated caries experience using the decayed–missing–filled teeth (DMFT) index in the permanent dentition or dmft in case of primary dentition in patients with UCLP or BCLP were included in the analysis with the outcome given in mean and standard deviation. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effect model through a forest plot. An adapted version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies was modified to assess the quality of included studies.

Results:
Three studies were included in the review. The difference in caries prevalence was statistically significant in the permanent and primary dentition which were evaluated using DMFT and dmft scores with P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively. Forest plot values were obtained for permanent dentition (DMFT) and primary dentition (dmft), 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–0.11) and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.69–0.03), respectively. The result of the meta-analysis indicates that patients with BCLP have higher caries prevalence.

Conclusion:
The outcome of the study indicates a higher occurrence of caries in patients with BCLP than UCLP in both permanent and primary dentition.
Evaluation of 940-nm diode laser effectiveness on pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing in chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical single-masked split-mouth study
Authors: Seyed-Monir Ali , Seyed-Monir Ebrahim , Mihandoust Sanaz 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Diode lasers can be used in the treatment of periodontal diseases as they have an anti-bactericidal effect, and regulate oral tissue inflammatory responses. This study aimed to evaluate the adjunctive effects of Diode 940 nm laser on mechanical periodontal debridement.

Materials and Methods:
In this split-mouth single-blind randomized clinical trial, 12 patients were selected. Forty-four oral segments were enrolled in the scaling and root planing (SRP) group and SRP + Laser group with a 1:1 allocation ratio following a simple randomization procedure (coin flip). Clinical parameters (pocket depth, clinical attachment loss [CAL], and bleeding on probing [BOP]) were measured at baseline. After the SRP, a 940 nm Diode laser (1 Watt power and continuous wave mode) was used in the SRP + Laser group as an adjunctive treatment. The clinical parameters were remeasured 2 months posttreatment. Statistical analysis was carried out using an unpaired t-test with a 5% significant level by SPSS.

Results:
Although all clinical parameters had more improvements in the SRP + Laser group, the differences were not significant between the two study groups (P > 0.05). Only in individual tooth evaluations, CAL changes in first and second premolars and BOP changes in second premolars show statistically significant improvement in the SRP + L group compared to the SRP group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Using diode 940 nm laser as an adjunctive treatment for SRP may be helpful and be suggested for periodontal treatment.
Comorbidities in Paediatric Psoriasis
Authors: Mendiratta Vibhu , Meena Amit K. , Verma Bharati , Jain Ashna 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Psoriasis begins in childhood in around one-third of the cases. There has been conflicting evidence regarding the association of paediatric psoriasis with comorbidities.

Aims and Objectives:
The objective of this study was to find out various comorbidities (abnormal body mass index, metabolic syndrome, lipid abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, and raised blood glucose) associated with paediatric psoriasis.

Materials and Methods:
All patients of psoriasis (age <18 years) who visited the Paediatric Psoriasis clinic from January 2017 to September 2021 were recruited in this record-based study.

Results:
Records of 100 patients were analysed, with female to male ratio of 1:1. The age group ranged from 11 months to 18 years. The average body surface area involved was 5.43%. The average psoriasis area and severity index was 2.47. Joint involvement was seen in 7% of patients in our study. A total of 52 (52%) patients had abnormal body mass index, out of which 21 patients were overweight and 31 were obese. At least one lipid abnormality was found in 66 (66%) patients. The most common lipid abnormality was decreased high-density lipoprotein, followed by raised total cholesterol, raised total triglycerides and raised low-density lipoprotein. 8 (8%) patients were found to have raised blood glucose levels. Out of which, six had impaired fasting glucose and two were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. 5 (5%) patients were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion:
Paediatric psoriasis is a chronic disfiguring disease and may have profound emotional and psychological effects. There is a lack of studies from India on the prevalence of these comorbidities in paediatric psoriasis. More studies are required from different parts of the world for a better understanding of paediatric psoriasis.
Insulin resistance in moderate to severe acne vulgaris
Authors: Singh Monika , Shri Dikshant 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit usually affects adolescents. It is seen on the face, neck, trunk and arms. The main pathogenic factors of acne are high sebaceous gland secretion, follicular hyper proliferation, high androgen effects, propionibacterium acnes colonization and inflammation.

Objectives:
To determine the presence of insulin resistance in moderate to very severe acne vulgaris.

Material and Methods:
One hundred sixty subjects were enrolled in the study consisting of 80 patients with moderate to very severe acne vulgaris and 80 age and sex-matched controls without acne. Fasting serum insulin and glucose levels were measured and insulin resistance was calculated by Homeostasis Model Assessment- Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) Index. The values were compared with the healthy control group.

Results:
Significant difference was observed in HOMA values and fasting insulin among the two groups (P < 0.001). The levels were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group, whereas no significant difference was present in fasting glucose levels between the two group.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, insulin resistance was seen in majority of patients with acne. These results can add to the evidence regarding a potential association between metabolic dysregulation and acne.
Evaluating the Effect of Supplementation with Bacillus clausii on Therapeutic Outcomes in Atopic Eczema—Results of an Observer-Blinded Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Sharma Richa , Handa Sanjeev , Mahajan Rahul , De Dipankar , Sachdeva Naresh 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an itchy, chronic or chronically relapsing, inflammatory skin condition.

Aims:
To study the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation (Bacillus clausii) in achieving clinical remission, preventing relapse and its effect on immunological profile in children with AD.

Methods:
In this randomized controlled study, 114 children with AD were randomized into two groups (57 each): Group A received conventional treatment, along with Bacillus clausii (Strains O/C, N/R, SIN and T) suspension available as Enterogermina® at the dose 2 billion spores/5 ml twice daily for 8 weeks and Group B receiving conventional treatment only. Baseline and follow-up SCORAD were assessed at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks. Serum IL-17A levels were measured at baseline and 12 weeks.

Results:
There was no significant difference in mean SCORAD between the two groups at baseline, 12 weeks (p = 0.21) and 24 weeks (p = 0.26). The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of the number of patients who achieved SCORAD 90 (p = 0.19), SCORAD 75 (p = 0.59), and those who relapsed (p = 0.5). IL-17A levels were not significantly different between the two groups at baseline and 12 weeks (p = 0.7). There was no statistically significant correlation between IL-17A levels and AD severity.

Limitations:
Lack of double-blinding, lack of the use of placebo and a short follow-up period were the limitations of the present study.

Conclusion:
Administration of the probiotic Bacillus clausii in addition to conventional treatment does not offer any additional benefit in inducing remission or prevention relapse in AD.
The Impact of Tofacitinib on Quality of Life in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis- An Observational Study
Authors: Mohta Alpana , Nyati Asha , Ghiya Bhikam Chand , Mehta Rajesh Dutt , Jain Suresh Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Global phase III trials have established the effectiveness and the safety profile of 5 and 10 mg twice-daily regimens of Tofacitinib for the management of psoriasis.

Aims and Objectives:
This study was aimed at assessing the improvement in quality of life in patients suffering from moderate-to-severe psoriasis following 12-week Tofacitinib therapy.

Materials and Methods:
50 adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis enrolled with informed consent. Tofacitinib was given orally for 12 weeks, as 5 mg or 10 mg twice daily based on weight. Improvement in PASI and DLQI was recorded.

Results:
We observed a statistically significant improvement in PASI (p-value < 0.001) and DLQI (p-value < 0.001) following Tofacitinib therapy. The 3 domains of DLQI with the most significant improvement were symptoms and feelings (items 1 and 2) (p-value-0.001), daily activities (items 3 and 4) (p-value-0.0001), and treatment (item 10) (p-value-0.0001)

Conclusion:
Tofacitinib demonstrated a significant improvement in psoriasis disease severity and symptoms with 12 weeks' therapy.
Effect of a Precision Cryotherapy Device with Temperature Adjustability on Pigmentation
Authors: Kwack Mi Hee , Lee Seongjin , Lee Eun Hye , Ha Gi Ung , Kim Gun-Ho , Lee Weon Ju 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Pigmentary skin disorders impair the quality of life, leading to the development of therapeutic modalities. However, these treatments should focus more on effectiveness and safety.

Aims and Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of a temperature-adjustable cryotherapy device on the expression of pigmentation-related biomarkers.

Methods and Results:
A temperature- and time-adjustable cryotherapy device was employed to improve 200 mJ UVB-induced pigmentation on mice at −5°C (for 5, 10 or 20 s), 0°C (for 5, 10 or 20 s), 5°C (for 5, 10 or 20 s), or 10°C (for 5, 10 or 20 s). Expression of pigmentation-related biomarkers, such as tyrosinase, c-kit, melanocortin 1 receptor and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor before and after treatment with the cryotherapy device was investigated with real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.

Results:
Expression of pigmentation-related biomarkers was decreased after the treatment of the temperature-adjustable cryotherapy device. Gene expression of the pigmentation-related biomarkers was decreased under the above conditions with some exception. Protein expression of the pigmentation-related biomarkers showed decreased tendency under the conditions with some exceptions.

Conclusion:
The temperature-adjustable cryotherapy device used in this study reduced the expression of pigmentation-related biomarkers on mice and may be used to treat patients with skin pigmentation.
Comparison of Effectiveness and Safety of Immunotherapy of Warts with Intralesional Versus Subcutaneous MMR Vaccine
Authors: Saha Abanti , Bahalia Indrajit , Agarwal Sristi , Banerjee Arini , Bandyopadhyay Debabrata 
Published: August 2024

Common wart, also known as verruca vulgaris is characterized by focal proliferation of keratinocytes caused by multiple strains of human papilloma virus (HPV). Conventional treatments like chemical cautery, cryotherapy, electro-cautery, etc often fail to cure verruca satisfactorily. The present work was a randomized, parallel-group, non-inferiority clinical trial with an objective of comparing the effectiveness and safety of subcutaneous MMR versus intralesional MMR vaccine in the treatment of multiple warts.

Method:
Consenting patients of both sexes of 18-65 years age, who have viral warts and did not receive anti-wart treatment in the last 4 weeks and devoid of any active bacterial or viral skin diseases were included in the study.

Interventions:
Eligible patients were randomized into either group A (receiving 0.3 ml of intralesional MMR) or group B (receiving 0.5 ml of subcutaneous MMR). A total of three injections were administered at two weeks interval.

Outcome Measure:
The response was considered complete if there was disappearance of the wart(s) and return of the normal skin markings, partial if the wart(s) was regression in size by 50-99% and no response if there was be 0-49% decrease in wart size.

Results:
Thirty patients were recruited in each group; 5 of group A and 3 of group B were lost to follow up. Modified intention to treat analysis was performed, so, the last observation of such patients was carried forward and all 60 participants were analysed. Number of warts and size of the largest wart were declined significantly (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001 respectively) in both the treatment arms. No significant difference between two groups were seen. Complete clearance including distant lesions was achieved in 22 patients; 12 (48%) in group A and 10 (37.04%) in group B, but the final outcome at the end of the study showed no significant difference between the two t groups. (P = 0.64).

Adverse Events:
Only one patient had developed mild fever with tender, enlarged parotid gland after first injection of subcutaneous MMR which resolved within two weeks.

Conclusion:
Efficacy and safety profile of Subcutaneous and intralesional MMR were almost same. Both can be considered as safe and cost effective treatment of warts while the subcutaneous route may be easier to administer.
Extragenital Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: Baklouti Massara , Sellami Khadija , Rekik Mariem , Bahloul Emna , Hammami Fatma , Slim Charfi , Masmoudi Abderahmen , Sellami Tahya , Turki Hamida 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory and atrophic dermatosis affecting preferentially the anogenital region. However, the cutaneous involvement remains less known and studied.

Methods:
We collected 17 patients to study the clinical and therapeutic features of cutaneous lichen sclerosus.

Results:
We noticed that the frequency of extragenital involvement in our series is high (about 40%). There is a female predominance (76%), with two infantile cases presenting a severe involvement. On the other hand, the absence of sclerosis, in early forms, does not eliminate the diagnosis. Moreover, breast involvement was frequent (41%) and atypical locations, such as the face, were reported. There was an equal frequency between the diffuse and the localized forms. A genital involvement must imperatively be sought.

Conclusions:
Our series mention the frequency of isolated cutaneous lichen sclerosus. Clinical presentation can be misleading in the early forms because of lack of sclerosis, variability of localizations, variability of severity, and the absence of anogenital lichen sclerosus.
Impact of Machine Learning Prediction on Intraoperative Transfusion in Cranial Operation
Authors: Tunthanathip Thara , Sae-Heng Sakchai , Oearsakul Thakul , Kaewborisutsakul Anukoon , Taweesomboonyat Chin 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to use machine learning (ML) for the prediction of intraoperative packed red cell (PRC) transfusion and the number of units of transfused PRC, as well as estimate the net benefit of the ML models through decision curve analysis.

Methods:
The retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent cranial operations. Clinical data and transfusion data were extracted. Supervised ML algorithms were trained and tested as ML classification for the prediction of intraoperative PRC transfusion and ML regression for predicting the number of transfused PRC units.

Results:
Out of 2683 patients, 42.9% of neurosurgical patients intraoperatively received PRC. Artificial neural network, gradient boosting classifier, and random forest were the algorithms that had high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.912, 0.911, and 0.909, respectively, in ML classification, while random forest with regression had the lowest root mean squared error and mean absolute error in ML regression.

Conclusions:
ML is one of the most effective approaches to developing clinical prediction tools that can enhance the efficiency of blood utilization. Additionally, ML has become a valuable tool in modern health technologies as the computerized clinical decision support systems assist the physician in decision-making in real-world practice.
Lifestyle Modification and Nutrition
Authors: Verma Prerna , Mahajan Janhavi , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is quickly becoming a global epidemic. There is an estimated annual increase of 8%, with a corresponding economic and clinical burden. Recent research into lifestyle factors has confirmed that certain dietary characteristics can help slow the progression of chronic nephropathies.

Methods:
This narrative review had focus on historical and emerging data on the role of nutrition in the course of CKD, with a particular focus on dietary patterns that have been shown to reduce the risk of ESRD. In this article, obesity, lipids, protein, diabetes, and blood pressure are all discussed in order to demonstrate how the current literature reflects the way to modify the dietary aspects of these.

Results:
Evidence strongly supports a balanced diet, good glycemic control, lipid control, modest protein reduction, and salt reduction halts the progression of CKD. The importance of these dietary strategies is not solely the role of the dietitian, but of the entire multidisciplinary team like general physician, nephrologist, exercise instructor specially yoga in providing a consistent message.

Discussion:
The mechanisms underlying causes are unknown, but the message remains consistent: there is an increased need for dietary advice in the predialysis population. This has significant implications and could be a cost-effective way to help slow the progression of the disease.
Actions of Caffeic Acid Loaded-Silver Nanoparticles on Blood Pressure, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants in Nitric Oxide Deficient Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Kalaiarasi Kanagaraj , Raja Boobalan , Saranya Dhanasekaran , Dhakshinamoorthi Ravi 
Published: August 2024

Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate the antihypertensive and antioxidant potential of caffeic acid-loaded silver nanoparticles (CA-AgNPs) in Nω −Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) induced hypertension in male albino Wistar rats.

Materials and methods:
The rats have randomly divided into four groups, that is, Group I Control rats, Group II rats injected with CA-AgNPs, Group III L-NAME rats, and Group IV −L-NAME+ CA-AgNPs. Hypertension was induced in rats by oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in drinking water daily for 4 weeks. Rats were given intraperitoneal injection of CA-AgNPs (0.5 mg/kg/ml).

Results:
The results showed that L-NAME administration caused a sustained increase in blood pressure, levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and a significant decrease in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E in the tissues such as heart, aorta, liver, and kidney. Above pathological changes were considerably restored with the treatment of CA-AgNPs.

Conclusions:
The result confirms CA-AgNPs have enough potential to narrow down hypertension and oxidative stress in L-NAME hypertensive rats.
Molecular Modeling Tool Application in Micro- and Macromolecule therapeutics − An Updated Review
Authors: Bhuvaneshwari S. , Umashankar M.S , Kirubakaran N. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Computational-based simulations are useful in designing better drug carriers and to solve the practical issues in the area of diffusion, dynamics, and drug delivery systems. Molecular simulation techniques allow direct visualization of the processes and rectify the interactions involved at a molecular scale level.

Aim:
Computational techniques are used for the prediction of the binding of drug molecules to receptors and dynamics between drug molecule and its carrier entailing an essential role to minimize the cost of investment in the design and development of the drug. This review will emphasize the various molecular modeling tools and its applications in micro- and macrodurg designs at therapeutics level.

Materials and methods:
Various scales of molecular modeling such as quantum scale, atomic scale, mesoscopic scale, macro scale, as well as different quantum tools such as quantum mechanics (QM), hybrid QM/molecular mechanics, and computer tooling in drug designs.

Results and discussions:
The current review emphasizes the applications of drug designs in area of design of chemical structures, visualization of molecular structure, predictions of molecular conformations, interaction of macromolecular receptors, interactions of drug–receptor, study of molecular properties, drug–excipient interactions, quantitative structure–activity relationship, lead molecule generation, pharmacophoric pattern, computational pharmaceutics in drug delivery, shape and charge for self-assembled polymer, etc.