bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A computational fluid dynamics study on hemodynamics for different locations of the distal anastomosis of a bypass nearby a collateral vessel in the femoropopliteal area
Authors: Rivera J. , van der Graaf G.B. , Escudero J.R. , Bellmunt S. , van de Vosse F. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYRevascularization of the femoropopliteal sector is often performed by the placement of a bypass. In this paper, we have studied the effects of hemodynamics on patency of the bypass for different positions of the distal anastomosis close to a collateral artery. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are used for this study. The cardiac cycle‐averaged wall shear stress and oscillation index (OSI) have been analyzed. Low and high OSI may increase the risk of intimal hyperplasia (IH), which may reduce bypass patency. From the CFD simulations, spots of low and high OSI are found within and near the entrance of the collateral artery, near the suture line, at the floor, toe, and heel. We regarded flow ratios of 20:80 and of 35:65. It is found that for the high flow ratio anastomosis located proximal to the collateral artery is clearly more advantageous. However for the low flow ratio anastomosis located distal to the collateral artery seems to be slightly more advantageous, the results are less conclusive. One of the studied flow geometries has been validated by in vitro experiments using a time resolved particle image velocimetry technique. Velocity fields from these experiments are in good agreement with the CFD results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fulfilling mutual nonrepudiation for cloud storage
Authors: Hwang Gwan‐Hwan , Huang Wei‐Sian , Peng Jenn‐Zjone , Lin Yu‐Wei 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we propose solution for obtaining mutual nonrepudiation between the user and service provider in cloud storage. One of the solutions for mutual nonrepudiation is based on logging attestations, which are signed messages. For supporting write‐serializability and read freshness of files, an intuitive solution is to have attestations be chain hashed. However, it is inefficient when files in an account can be accessed by multiple client devices interchangeably because client devices must keep all the attestations or there must exist a way to broadcast the last attestation to all the client devices. We propose a scheme that can guarantee mutual nonrepudiation between the user and service provider without requiring the client devices to exchange any messages, and each client device only has to store the last attestation it received. Concurrent accesses of files should be forbidden if all attestations need to be chained together with one chain. We propose to use multiple chains to provide concurrent file accesses in a single account. In addition, we also propose how to apply the hash tree to remove accumulated attestations. The results from related experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme. A service provider of cloud storage can use the proposed scheme to provide a mutual nonrepudiation guarantee in their service‐level agreement. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dispersion of T1 and T2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation in Crude Oils
Authors: Chen Joseph J. , Hürlimann Martin , Paulsen Jeffrey , Freed Denise , Mandal Soumyajit , Song Yi‐Qiao 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCrude oils, which are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons, can be characterized by nuclear magnetic resonace diffusion and relaxation methods to yield physical properties and chemical compositions. In particular, the field dependence, or dispersion, of T1 relaxation can be used to investigate the presence and dynamics of asphaltenes, the large molecules primarily responsible for the high viscosity in heavy crudes. However, the T2 relaxation dispersion of crude oils, which provides additional insight when measured alongside T1, has yet to be investigated systematically. Here we present the field dependence of T1‐T2 correlations of several crude oils with disparate densities. While asphaltene and resin‐containing crude oils exhibit significant T1 dispersion, minimal T2 dispersion is seen in all oils. This contrasting behavior between T1 and T2 cannot result from random molecular motions, and thus, we attribute our dispersion results to highly correlated molecular dynamics in asphaltene‐containing crude oils.
Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Poly(N‐vinyl‐ imidazole‐co‐N‐vinylcaprolactam) as an Effective Recyclable Catalyst for the Suzuki Reaction
Authors: Selivanova Alexandra V. , Tyurin Vladimir S. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA recyclable and effective polymer‐immobilized ligandless palladium catalyst for the Suzuki reaction has been investigated. Palladium nanoparticles are formed in situ and stabilized by poly(N‐vinylimidazole‐co‐N‐vinylcaprolactam). A series of aryl bromides have been studied in the reaction with phenylboronic acid under mild conditions with water–alcohol systems as a solvent that complies with “Green Chemistry” demands. The catalyst can be recycled eight times without appreciable loss in activity and a low degree of palladium leaching. Kinetic studies reveal unusual behavior of the reaction; this can be explained on the basis of the observation of changes to the sizes of the particles during recycling, as determined by TEM results. The suggested mechanism of the reaction is in accordance with the concept of the role of leaching in the process.
High‐Power Lithium‐Ion Capacitor using LiMnBO3‐Nanobead Anode and Polyaniline‐Nanofiber Cathode with Excellent Cycle Life
Authors: Karthikeyan Kaliyappan , Amaresh Samuthirapandian , Lee Sol‐Nip , An Jae‐Yeon , Lee Yun‐Sung 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLiMnBO3 nanobeads (LMB‐NB) with uniform size and distribution were synthesized using a urea‐assisted microwave/solvothermal method. The potential application of LMB‐NBs as an anode for a lithium‐ion hybrid capacitor (Li‐AHC) was tested with a polyaniline‐nanofiber (PANI‐NF) cathode in a nonaqueous LiPF6 (1 M)–ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge–discharge (C/DC) studies revealed that the PANI‐NF/LMB‐NB cell showed an exceptional capacitance behavior between 0–3 V along with a prolonged cycle life. A discharge capacitance of about 125 F g−1, and energy and power densities of about 42 Wh kg−1 and 1500 W kg−1, respectively, could be obtained at a current density of 1 A g−1; those Li‐AHC values are higher relative to cells containing various lithium intercalation materials in nonaqueous electrolytes. In addition, the PANI‐NF/LMB‐NB cell also had an outstanding rate performance with a capacitance of 54 F g−1 and a power density of 3250 W kg−1 at a current density of 2.25 A g−1 and maintained 94 % of its initial value after 30 000 cycles. This improved capacitive performance with an excellent electrochemical stability could be the result of the morphological features and inherent conductive nature of the electroactive species.
A High‐Capacity, Low‐Cost Layered Sodium Manganese Oxide Material as Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Shaohua , Yu Haijun , Jian Zelang , Liu Pan , Zhu Yanbei , Guo Xianwei , Chen Mingwei , Ishida Masayoshi , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA layered sodium manganese oxide material (NaMn3O5) is introduced as a novel cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. Structural characterizations reveal a typical Birnessite structure with lamellar stacking of the synthetic nanosheets. Electrochemical tests reveal a particularly large discharge capacity of 219 mAh g−1 in the voltage rang of 1.5–4.7 V vs. Na/Na+. With an average potential of 2.75 V versus sodium metal, layered NaMn3O5 exhibits a high energy density of 602 Wh kg−1, and also presents good rate capability. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient of sodium ions in the layered NaMn3O5 electrode is investigated by using the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique. The results greatly contribute to the development of room‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries based on earth‐abundant elements.
A Polypyrrole Based Sensor for the Electrochemical Detection of OH Radicals
Authors: Gualandi Isacco , Guadagnini Lorella , Zappoli Sergio , Tonelli Domenica 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPolypyrrole was used as sensitive material in the development of a new device employed for the indirect detection of OH radicals. The polypyrrole film was electrosynthesized on glassy carbon. The modified electrode was exposed to the OH radicals generated by Fenton reaction. As a result of the overoxidation the conductivity of the polymer diminished very much. The overoxidation (%) was directly proportional to the .OH amount that reached the electrode surface. ABTS.+, superoxide and alkylperoxy radicals did not interfere in the determination. The applicability of the device was demonstrated by estimating the .OH scavenging ability of ascorbic acid.
Supramolecular Amperometric Immunosensor for Detection of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Authors: Ortiz Mayreli , Wilson Lindsay , Botero Mary L. , Baker Priscilla , Iwuoha Emmanuel , Fragoso Alex , O'Sullivan Ciara K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHuman chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced in high concentrations through the placental trophoblasts and is used for the detection of pregnancy and certain diseases. Here we explored a supramolecular strategy for the potentially substrateless amperometric detection of hCG. A carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) carrier was synthesised and trifunctionalised with anti‐βhCG antibody, horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and ferrocene (Fc) moieties. The ferrocene was used to house the functionalised CMC within the cavities of electrode surface immobilised cyclodextrin, via host‐guest interactions. hCG was detected via a sandwich format, forming an immunocomplex between the surface immobilised antibody and a glucose oxidase/lactate oxidase labelled secondary antibody. Following formation of the immunocomplex, lactate/glucose, which would typically be present in serum/urine samples, was added and the hydrogen peroxide formed detected at the electrode surface via the HRP‐Fc enzyme‐mediator couple. The work reported demonstrates a potential supramolecular platform for the detection of targets in blood/urine samples using endogenous substrates.
Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Uranium(VI) in Presence of N‐Phenylanthranilic Acid
Authors: Rashidi Nassab H. , Bakhshi M. , Amini M. K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractN‐Phenylanthranilic acid was used as a complexing agent for determination of uranium(VI) by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. Under the optimal experimental conditions of the experimental parameters, the peak current was proportional to the concentration of U(VI) in the range 0.75–30 ng mL−1 and the detection limit was 0.036 ng mL−1. The influence of possible interferences was investigated. The method was applied for determination of uranium in waste water from uranium conversion facility and natural water samples. Application of the method for simultaneous determination of U(VI) and Cu(II) showed that these ions could be simultaneously determined in a single scan at relatively wide concentration range.
DPV and SWV Determination of Estrone Using a Cathodically Pretreated Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Brocenschi Ricardo F. , Rocha‐Filho Romeu C. , Biaggio Sonia R. , Bocchi Nerilso 
Published: June 2014

AbstractVoltammetric methods for estrone determination were developed using a cathodically pretreated BDD electrode with DPV or SWV. Analytical curves were obtained for estrone concentrations from 0.20 or 0.10 to 2.0 µmol L−1, for DPV or SWV, with detection limits of 0.20 and 0.10 µmol L−1, respectively. The SWV method was successfully applied in estrone recovery studies in different water matrices. Additionally, these recovery results were reasonably similar to those attained using HPLC/UV‐vis. Comparatively to other electroanalytical methods based on different carbon electrodes, the here‐reported novel methods yield very good results, being adequate for estrone determination in environmental samples.
Voltammetric Analysis of Naproxen in Graphite Electrodes and Its Determination in Pharmaceutical Samples
Authors: Aguilar‐Lira G. Y. , Romero G. A. Álvarez , Rojas‐Hernández A. , Páez‐Hernández M. E. , Rodríguez‐Ávila J. A. , Romero‐Romo M. A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe present work discuses new findings in the electrochemistry of naproxen over graphite electrodes. This new approach, allows the proposal of a simple and competitive low‐cost method to carry out naproxen’s voltammetric quantification. Naproxen’s indirect quantification through an adsorption anodic wave was performed at a graphite bar electrode using differential pulse voltammetry. An anodic current maximum was recorded at a potential of −0.3 V referred to a saturated Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The calibration plot having a correlation coefficient of 0.990, sensibility of 4.19±0.62 µA cm3 µg−1, with detection and quantification limits of 0.68 and 3.3 µg cm−3, respectively.
Determination of Norepinephrine Alone and in the Presence of Ascorbic and Uric Acids Using a Gold Electrode Modified with Gold Nanoparticles and Self‐Assembled Layers of meso‐2,3‐Dimercaptosuccinic Acid
Authors: Łuczak Teresa 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper reports on the modification of gold electrodes with self‐assembled layers (SAMs) composed of meso‐2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid, cysteamine and gold nanoparticles, respectively and their application to quantitative determination of norepinephrine alone and in the presence of ascorbic and uric acids in solution at pH 7. The modification was carried out on two kinds of templates: a bare gold electrode (2D electrode) and a gold electrode coated in the first step with gold nanoparticles (3D electrode). Cyclic voltammograms reveal an enhancement of the norepinephrine electrooxidation in comparison to a bare, (non‐modified) gold electrode. The oxidation peaks for norepinephrine, ascorbic acid and uric acid have a peak‐to‐peak separation that enables their selective determination even in a complex mixture.
First genetic analysis of Cryptosporidium from humans from Tasmania, and identification of a new genotype from a traveller to Bali
Authors: Koehler Anson V. , Whipp Margaret , Hogg Geoff , Haydon Shane R. , Stevens Melita A. , Jex Aaron R. , Gasser Robin B. 
Published: June 2014

Little is known about the molecular composition of Cryptosporidium species from humans living in the insular state of Tasmania, Australia. In the present study, we genetically characterized 82 samples of Cryptosporidium from humans following conventional coproscopic testing in a routine, diagnostic laboratory. Using a PCR‐coupled single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique, targeting portions of the small subunit rRNA (SSU), and 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) loci, we identified two species of Cryptosporidium, including C. hominis (subgenotypes IbA10G2, IdA16, IeA12G3T3, and IfA19G1) and C. parvum (IIaA16G1R1 and IIaA18G3), and a new operational taxonomic unit (OTU) that genetically closely resembled C. wrairi. This OTU was further characterized using markers in the actin, Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP), and 70 kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) genes. This study provides the first characterization of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium from Tasmania, and presents clear genetic evidence, using five independent genetic loci, for a new genotype or species of Cryptosporidium in a Tasmanian person with a recent history of travelling to Bali, Indonesia. It would be interesting to undertake detailed molecular‐based studies of Cryptosporidium in Indonesia and neighbouring countries, in conjunction with morphological and experimental investigations of new genotypes.
Rational selection of alternative, environmentally compatible surfactants for biotechnological production of pharmaceuticals—A step toward green biotechnology
Authors: Straub Jürg Oliver , Shearer Russel , Studer Martin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

The biotechnological production of pharmaceutical active substances needs ancillary substances. Surfactants are used at the end of the cell culture as a protection against potential viral or bacterial contamination and to lyse the producing cells for isolation and purification of the products. To find a replacement for a surfactant that had raised environmental concern, environmentally relevant data for potential alternatives were searched for in the literature. Significant data gaps were filled with additional tests: biodegradability, algal growth inhibition, acute daphnid immobilization and chronic daphnid reproduction toxicity, acute fish toxicity, and activated sludge respiration inhibition. The results were used to model removal in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serving 3 biotechnological production sites in the Roche Group. Predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) were calculated using realistic amounts of surfactants and site-specific wastewater fluxes, modeled removals for the WWTPs and dilution factors by the respective receiving waters. Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived for WWTPs and for both fresh and marine receiving waters as the treated wastewater of 1 production site is discharged into a coastal water. This resulted in a spreadsheet showing PECs, PNECs, and PEC ÷ PNEC risk characterization ratios for the WWTPs and receiving waters for all investigated surfactants and all 3 sites. This spreadsheet now serves as a selection support for the biotechnological developers. This risk-based prioritization of surfactants is a step toward green biotechnological production. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2140–2146. © 2014 SETAC
Leaf micromorphology and leaf glandular hair ontogeny of Myoporum bontioides A. Gray
Authors: Das Sauren , Sheue Chiou‐Rong , Yang Yuen‐Po 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMyoporum bontioides A. Gray (Myoporaceae), a red list plant in Japan, is restricted to only a few East Asian countries like China, Japan and Taiwan, associated to some true mangroves. The leaf is isolateral and has a thick cuticle; stomata are anomocytic, sunken and have a beak‐shaped cuticular outgrowth at the inner and outer side of the stomatal pore (ledges); profuse glandular hairs are scattered on both leaf surfaces of young leaves. The mesophyll is compact with palisade and spongy parenchyma cells in the young stage, but at maturity profuse intercellular spaces can be observed. Secretory ducts occur in young leaves. Pear‐shaped glandular hairs protrude from the epidermal layer. Hair primordia are well distinct by their larger size and undergo divisions to produce two laterally placed basal cells, two stalk cells and four radiating terminal cells. The cuticle layers of the terminal cells are often separated from the cell wall to form a space, in which ions accumulate for excretion. Inner walls of the basal cells are connected with the mesophyll. Though ontogeny and structure of glandular hairs have resemblance to typical mangroves, considering leaf micromorphology, this plant is better termed as “mangrove associate” instead of “true mangrove”. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Community programmes for coronary heart disease in Spanish primary care
Authors: Frigola‐Capell Eva , van Lieshout Jan , Muñoz Miguel A. , Verdú‐Rotellar Jose , Orfila Francesc , Suñol Rosa , Wensing Michel 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYObjectiveTo explore the added value of community‐orientated programmes aimed at enhancing healthy lifestyles associated with the key components of cardiovascular risk management (CVRM) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.MethodsObservational study in Spain, including 36 practices, 36 health professionals, and 722 CHD patients (mean (SD) age 72 (11.73)). Our predictor variable of interest was reported deliveries from primary care practices (PCPs) concerning community‐orientated programmes such as physical exercise and smoking cessation groups. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires administered to PCP health professionals. Our CVRM outcome measures were as follows: recorded risk factors, drug prescriptions, and intermediate patient outcomes (blood pressure levels, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index).ResultsThirty practices delivered community programmes: most delivered one [17 (47.2%) practices] or two [11 (30.5%) practices]. These educational programmes aimed to encourage enhanced healthy lifestyles through group counselling sessions, mailed print material, and one‐to‐one counselling. In PCPs delivering community programmes, more patients received antihypertensives (89.7%), antiplatelet therapy (80.5%), and statins (70.8%) than those PCPs without programmes, although there were no statistically significant differences between them.ConclusionsNo evidence was found for the added value of community‐orientated CVRM programmes that could help health professionals refine criteria when including CHD patients in preventive programmes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reproducibility of Results in Preclinical Studies: A Perspective From the Bone Field
Authors: Manolagas Stavros C , Kronenberg Henry M 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

The biomedical research enterprise—and the public support for it—is predicated on the belief that discoveries and the conclusions drawn from them can be trusted to build a body of knowledge which will be used to improve human health. As in all other areas of scientific inquiry, knowledge and understanding grow by layering new discoveries upon earlier ones. The process self-corrects and distills knowledge by discarding false ideas and unsubstantiated claims. Although self-correction is inexorable in the long-term, in recent years biomedical scientists and the public alike have become alarmed and deeply troubled by the fact that many published results cannot be reproduced. The chorus of concern reached a high pitch with a recent commentary from the NIH Director, Francis S. Collins, and Principal Deputy Director, Lawrence A. Tabak, and their announcement of specific plans to enhance reproducibility of preclinical research that relies on animal models. In this invited perspective, we highlight the magnitude of the problem across biomedical fields and address the relevance of these concerns to the field of bone and mineral metabolism. We also suggest how our specialty journals, our scientific organizations, and our community of bone and mineral researchers can help to overcome this troubling trend. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Human Osteoclasts Are Inducible Immunosuppressive Cells in Response to T cell–Derived IFN-γ and CD40 Ligand In Vitro
Authors: Li Haiyan , Lu Yong , Qian Jianfei , Zheng Yuhuan , Zhang Mingjun , Bi Enguang , He Jin , Liu Zhiqiang , Xu Jingda , Gao Jerry Y , Yi Qing 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Osteoclasts (OCs) are bone resorbing cells whose activity can be regulated by activated T cells and their cytokines. However, the immune function of OCs is largely unknown. In this study, we found that as bystanders, human OCs effectively suppressed T-cell proliferation induced by allogeneic, microbial antigenic, and T-cell receptor stimuli in vitro. Mechanism studies revealed that T cell–derived IFN-γ and CD40 ligand (CD40L) induced the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in OCs, which mediated the immunosuppressive function on T-cell proliferation through depleting tryptophan. Neutralizing IFN-γ and blocking CD40L, or silencing or inhibiting IDO in OCs restored T-cell proliferation in the presence of OCs. Our data reveal a novel function of human OCs as inducible immunosuppressive cells, and a feedback loop between OCs and activated T cells. Thus, this study provides new insight into the mechanism of the immunosuppressive function of OCs, and may be helpful for developing novel therapeutic strategies for human diseases involving both the bone and immune systems. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.