bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review
Authors: Khazrai Y. M. , Defeudis G. , Pozzilli P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest growing diseases; the number of people affected by diabetes will soon reach 552 million worldwide, with associated increases in complications and healthcare expenditure. Lifestyle and medical nutrition therapy are considered the keystones of type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment, but there is no definite consensus on how to treat this disease with these therapies.The American Diabetes Association has made several recommendations regarding the medical nutrition therapy of diabetes; these emphasize the importance of minimizing macrovascular and microvascular complications in people with diabetes. Four types of diets were reviewed for their effects on diabetes: the Mediterranean diet, a low‐carbohydrate/high‐protein diet, a vegan diet and a vegetarian diet.Each of the four types of diet has been shown to improve metabolic conditions, but the degree of improvement varies from patient to patient. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate a patient's pathophysiological characteristics in order to determine the diet that will achieve metabolic improvement in each individual.Many dietary regimens are available for patients with type 2 diabetes to choose from, according to personal taste and cultural tradition. It is important to provide a tailor‐made diet wherever possible in order to maximize the efficacy of the diet on reducing diabetes symptoms and to encourage patient adherence. Additional randomized studies, both short term (to analyse physiological responses) and long term, could help reduce the multitude of diets currently recommended and focus on a shorter list of useful regimens. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Studies of Aza‐BODIPY‐Based π‐Conjugates for Organic Electronic Applications
Authors: Khan Tamanna K. , Sheokand Preeti , Agarwal Neeraj 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAza‐boron‐dipyromethene (aza‐BODIPY) derivatives 1–6 were synthesized for the first time by employing the palladium catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling on dibromo‐aza‐BODIPY. Photophysical and electrochemical properties of these compounds were studied in solution. Absorption and emission maxima were observed in the near‐infrared (NIR) region and were found to extend up to 754 and 751 nm, respectively. NIR fluorescence quantum yields in chloroform were as high as 0.45. Optical band gaps were measured from the onset of absorption spectra in thin films and were found to be low (ca. 1.2–1.4 eV). Electrochemical studies provided insight into the reduction potentials of these compounds and consequently the electron affinity (EA). High electron affinity (ca. 4.5) was observed for these dyes. NIR absorption and emission, good quantum yield, and high electron affinity of these compounds promise their applications in microscope imaging and optoelectronic devices, mainly in solar cells and field‐effect transistors.
Optimising data placement and traffic routing for energy saving in Backbone Networks
Authors: Fang Weiwei , Wang Zishuo , LIoret Jaime , Zhang Daqiang , Yang Zhijun 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe energy consumption of network elements has become a big concern due to the exponential traffic growth and the rapid expansion of communication infrastructures. To deal with this problem, we propose a new approach called Backbone network Energy Saving based on Traffic engineering (BEST), which reduces the power consumption of network elements at the backbone level through jointly optimising data placement and traffic routing. Based on analysis on traffic characteristics, BEST firstly optimises the placement of data services such that the pairwise traffic demands can be better coordinated with the pairwise network costs, in order to minimise the traffic burden imposed on the network elements. Then, BEST optimises the routing of traffic flows and tries to find the minimum‐power network subset that must remain active to fulfill the traffic requirements. Efficient heuristics are given by BEST to find an admissible solution when the problem size is very large. The simulation results illustrate the efficacy and efficiency of BEST in energy conservation on backbone networks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research on seismic resistance and mechanic behavior of reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete walls after high temperature
Authors: Chi Jen‐Hao , Tang Jun‐Ren , Go Cheer‐Germ , Huang Yue‐Lin 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis study focused on the mechanical behavior of reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete (RLAC) walls under repeated horizontal loads after a standard temperature‐rising fire‐resistance test and compared the specimen walls' ultimate loads, yielding loads, cracked loads, stiffness, and ductility with those of reinforced normal‐weight aggregate concrete (RNAC) walls. Steel reinforcing bar spacing, aggregate types, wall widths, and high temperatures were variables in this study. The experimental results showed that, after the fire‐resistance test, the smaller the steel reinforcing bar spacing of RLAC walls, the higher the yield and ultimate loads, yet the worse the ductility and the hysteresis loop's energy, whereas the greater the width of the wall, the greater the stiffness and the higher the hysteresis loop's energy. The differences in terms of stiffness, ductility, and hysteresis between RLAC walls with and without the fire‐resistance test were insignificant, indicating that RLAC walls do not lose their basic mechanical behavior during a high‐temperature fire. RNAC walls showed, indeed, a significant downward trend for strength and hysteresis after the fire‐resistance test, but the decrease was much less clear for stiffness. Therefore, RLAC walls did show better seismic resistance than RNAC walls under the same testing conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RETRACTED: MicroRNA‐198 Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Lung Cancer Cells Via Targeting FGFR1
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhao Heng , Xin Yu , Fan Limin 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTLung cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer worldwide and recent studies have revealed that microRNAs play critical roles to regulate lung carcinogenesis. Here we present evidence to show the role of miR‐198 in lung cancer development. Our results showed that ectopic expression of miR‐198 inhibits the viability and induces the apoptosis of human non‐small cell lung cancer cells A549 and NCI‐H460, while miR‐198 inhibition resulted in opposite changes. In nude mice miR‐198 inhibits A549 growth of tumor graft. We further demonstrated that miR‐198 directly targets fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) in lung cancer cells. Restoring FGFR1 expression blocked the inhibitory function of miR‐198, while FGFR1 inhibition achieved the similar phenotypes of miR‐198 overexpression. Hence, our data delineates the molecular pathway by which miR‐198 inhibits lung cancer cellular proliferation and induces apoptosis, and may have important implication for the treatment of lung carcinogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 987–995, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sirt1 Activation Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting the TGF‐β/Smad3 Pathway
Authors: Huang Xin‐Zhong , Wen Donghai , Zhang Min , Xie Qionghong , Ma Leting , Guan Yi , Ren Yueheng , Chen Jing , Hao Chuan‐Ming 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTTGF‐β signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Smad3, a transcription factor, is a critical fibrogenic mediator of TGF‐β. Sirt1 is a NAD+‐dependent deacetylase that has been reported to modify a number of transcription factors to exert certain beneficial health effects. This study examined the effect of Sirt1 on Smad3 and its role in CKD. Resveratrol attenuated the expression of extracelluar matrix proteins in both the remnant kidney of 5/6th nephrectomized rats and cultured mesangial cells (MMCs) exposed to TGF‐β1. The effect of resveratrol was substantially attenuated in cultured MMCs for which Sirt1 had been knocked down by an shRNA lentivirus. Overexpression of Sirt1 attenuated TGF‐β1‐induced extracelluar matrix expression in cultured cells. Co‐immunoprecipitation studies suggested that Sirt1 could bind with Smad3. Resveratrol treatment enhanced this binding and reduced acetylation levels of Smad3. Resveratrol inhibited the transcription activity of Smad3. Knockdown of Sirt1 increased acetylated Smad3 and substantially enhanced the transcriptional activity following TGF‐β1. Finally, Sirt1 deficiency aggravated renal function damage and markedly enhanced fibrosis in the remnant kidney of 5/6 nephrectomized mice. Taken together, these results identify Sirt1 as an important protective factor for renal fibrosis in a CKD rodent model, and the protective function of Sirt1 is attributable to its action on TGF‐β/Smad3 signaling. Therefore, we suggest that Sirt1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CKD. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 996–1005, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crk at the Quarter Century Mark: Perspectives in Signaling and Cancer
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Fajardo J. Eduardo , Birge Raymond B. , Sriram Ganapathy 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe Crk adaptor protein, discovered 25 years ago as the transforming gene (v‐crk) product encoded by the CT10 avian retrovirus, has made a great impact on the field of signal transduction. By encoding an oncoprotein that contained a viral gag protein fused to only SH2 and SH3 domains, v‐Crk demonstrated the significance of SH2 and SH3 domains in oncogenic signaling by their virtue of binding in a sequence‐specific context to organize and assemble protein networks. In more recent years, the cellular homologs of Crk (Crk II, Crk I, and CrkL) have been extensively studied, and shown to have critical functions in a wide spectrum of biological and pathological processes that include cell motility, invasion, survival, bacterial pathogenesis, and the efferocytosis of apoptotic cells. Clinically, Crk proteins are implicated in the aggressive behavior of human cancers, including adenocarcinomas of the lung, breast, and stomach, as well as in sarcomas and gliomas. Over‐expression of Crk proteins in human cancers has led to a renewed interest in both their signal transduction pathways and mechanisms of up‐regulation. This prospect summarizes recent developments in Crk biology, including new structural and biochemical roles for the atypical carboxyl‐terminal SH3 (SH3C) domain, revelations regarding the molecular differences between Crk II and Crk L, and the significance of Crk expression in stratified human tumor samples. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 819–825, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetite Nanoparticles Immobilized Pectinase: Preparation, Characterization and Application for the Fruit Juices Clarification
Authors: Mosafa Leila , Shahedi Mohammad , Moghadam Majid 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this work, pectinase was immobilized on the surface of silica‐coated magnetite nanoparticles via covalent attachment. The magnetite‐immobilized enzyme was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometery techniques. Response Surface Methodology using Minitab Software was applied for statistical designing of operating conditions in order to immobilize pectinase on magnetic nanoparticles. The optimal conditions were obtained at 30 °C and pH 5.5 with 42.97 μl pectinase for 2 h. The immobilization yield was 50.6% at optimized conditions. Compared to the free pectinase, the immobilized pectinase was found to exhibit enhanced enzyme activity, better tolerance to the variation of pH and temperature, and improved storage stability. Both free and immobilized samples reduced the viscosity of apple juice from 1.12 to 0.88 and 0.92 mm2s−1, respectively, after 30 min at their optimum temperature. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme could be reused six consecutive cycles and the efficiency loss in viscosity reduction was found to be only 8.16%.
An Efficient One‐pot Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐5‐arylidenethiazol‐4‐ones Catalyzed by MgO Nanoparticles
Authors: Shariati Narges , Baharfar Robabeh 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA mild and efficient protocol for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐5‐arylidene‐1,3‐thiazol‐4(5H)‐ones is reported by three component reaction of aldehydes, rhodanine and secondary amines in the presence of magnesium oxide nanoparticles as heterogeneous nanocatalyst in good yields and short reaction times.
Nuclease‐stimulated homologous recombination at the human β‐globin gene
Authors: Vannocci Tommaso , Kurata Hitoshi , de la Fuente Josu , Roberts Irene A. , Porter Andrew C. G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundMutations in the β‐globin gene (HBB) cause haemoglobinopathies where current treatments have serious limitations. Gene correction by homologous recombination (HR) is an attractive approach to gene therapy for such diseases and is stimulated by gene‐specific endonucleases, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs). Customised nucleases targeting HBB have previously been shown to promote HR‐mediated HBB modification in 0.3–60% of drug‐selected cells, although frequencies among unselected cells, more relevant to the goal of correcting HBB in primary stem cells, have not been reported.MethodsZFNs targeting HBB were tested for HBB binding (two‐hybrid assay) or HBB cleavage followed by inaccurate end joining (surveyor assay) in bacteria or human cancer cell lines, respectively. ZFN‐stimulated HR was measured in cell lines by a modified fluorescence‐based reporter assay or by targeted insertion of a drug‐resistance marker into endogenous HBB confirmed by Southern analyses.ResultsAlthough the ZFNs that we assembled in‐house showed limited potential, a commercially commissioned nuclease (ZFN4) enhanced HR‐mediated HBB modification in up to 95% of drug‐selected cells. Among unselected cells, however, this frequency was less than 0.2%. Furthermore, ZFN4 cleaved HBB at an efficiency of 1–2% (surveyor assay) and enhanced the HR reporter assay 20‐fold less efficiently than a control endonuclease.ConclusionsWith ZFN4, we achieved higher efficiencies of HR‐mediated HBB modification than previously reported for drug‐selected cells. Our measurements of ZFN4‐induced HR in unselected cells, however, suggest that improved nucleases must be developed if therapeutic HBB correction is to be achievable in primary stem cells. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Gene Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Best Practices for Building High Performance in Human Resource Management
Authors: Suttapong Ketsaraporn , Srimai Suwit , Pitchayadol Pongsakorn 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHuman resource (HR) professionals have long realized the value of learning from the experiences of other leading organizations—that taking a best practices approach to the HR function can drive the high performance necessary to survive and thrive in a competitive market. An overview of recent studies concerning best practices points to the effectiveness of these approaches in human resource management: providing job security, offering job rotations to stellar performers, providing ongoing training to develop employees' skills, conducting developmental performance appraisals, sharing information and knowledge, providing career opportunities, fostering employee participation, and using performance‐based incentives to reward employees. The application of these and other HR‐oriented best practices that complement an organization's mission, strategy, and culture can help it achieve its objectives while enhancing its reputation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Marketing Strategies at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Examples From Nestlé, Danone, and Procter & Gamble
Authors: Payaud Marielle A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe bottom of the pyramid (BoP) refers to markets that serve some of the poorest individuals on the planet. Many multinational corporations contend that they are implementing BoP marketing strategies while selling products targeted to the very poor in developing countries. There are significant differences across marketing strategies directed at BoP consumers, from merely adapting an existing product to the development of an innovative product strategy integrating explicit fair and inclusive growth at the local community level. It is possible to distinguish mere international marketing strategies from genuine BoP strategies, as an analysis of three case studies shows: Nestlé operations in the Central and West African region, and Danone and Procter & Gamble operations in Egypt. Studying the characteristics of the diverse marketing strategies that these firms target to BoP consumers leads to a classification of five types of BoP marketing strategies. The tool presented here will help management understand what a genuine BoP marketing strategy should be and how to improve current marketing practices to include BoP corporate social responsibility principles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human whole‐blood 1H2O longitudinal relaxation with normal and high‐relaxivity contrast reagents: Influence of trans‐cell‐membrane water exchange
Authors: Wilson Gregory J. , Woods Mark , Springer Charles S. , Bastawrous Sarah , Bhargava Puneet , Maki Jeffrey H. 
Published: December 2013

PurposeAccurate characterization of contrast reagent (CR) longitudinal relaxivity in whole blood is required to predict arterial signal intensity in contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CE‐MRA). This study measured the longitudinal relaxation rate constants (R1) over a concentration range for non‐protein‐binding and protein‐binding CRs in ex vivo whole blood and plasma at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla (T) under physiologic arterial conditions.MethodsRelaxivities of gadoteridol, gadobutrol, gadobenate, and gadofosveset were measured for [CR] from 0 to 18 mM [mmol(CR)/L(blood)]: the latter being the upper limit of what may be expected in CE‐MRA.ResultsIn plasma, the 1H2O R1 [CR]‐dependence was nonlinear for gadobenate and gadofosveset secondary to CR interactions with the serum macromolecule albumin, and was well described by an analytical expression for effective 1:1 binding stoichiometry. In whole blood, the 1H2O R1 [CR]‐dependence was markedly non‐linear for all CRs, and was well‐predicted by an expression for equilibrium exchange of water molecules between plasma and intracellular spaces using a priori parameter values only.ConclusionIn whole blood, 1H2O R1 exhibits a nonlinear relationship with [CR] over 0 to 18 mM CR. The nonlinearity is well described by exchange of water between erythrocyte and plasma compartments, and is particularly evident for high relaxivity CRs. Magn Reson Med 72:1746–1754, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution and functional cross‐talk of protein post‐translational modifications
Authors: Beltrao Pedro , Bork Peer , Krogan Nevan J. , van Noort Vera 
Published: December 2013

AbstractProtein post‐translational modifications (PTMs) allow the cell to regulate protein activity and play a crucial role in the response to changes in external conditions or internal states. Advances in mass spectrometry now enable proteome wide characterization of PTMs and have revealed a broad functional role for a range of different types of modifications. Here we review advances in the study of the evolution and function of PTMs that were spurred by these technological improvements. We provide an overview of studies focusing on the origin and evolution of regulatory enzymes as well as the evolutionary dynamics of modification sites. Finally, we discuss different mechanisms of altering protein activity via post‐translational regulation and progress made in the large‐scale functional characterization of PTM function.
Investigation of biological factors influencing the placental mRNA profile in maternal plasma
Authors: Tsui Nancy B. Y. , Wong Cesar S. C. , Chow Katherine C. K. , Lo Elena S. F. , Cheng Yvonne K. Y. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveCirculating placental‐derived RNA is useful for noninvasive prenatal investigation. However, in addition to placental gene expression, there are limited investigations on other biological parameters that may affect the circulating placental RNA profile. In this study, we explored two of these potential parameters.MethodsWe first demonstrated the existence of such biological parameters by comparing the relative levels of a panel of placental‐derived transcripts between the placentas and maternal plasma by digital PCRs. We then compared the post‐delivery clearance of the transcripts by serial plasma samples collected from pregnant women after delivery. We also studied the placental in vivo localization of the transcripts by in situ hybridization.ResultsThere was an imperfect correlation of the transcript levels between the placentas and maternal plasma, with placenta‐specific 4 (PLAC4) mRNA showing the largest discrepancy. Although PLAC4 mRNA showed a similar clearance half‐life with other transcripts, we observed a preferential localization of PLAC4 mRNA around the villous surface. We speculated that this phenomenon might play a role in favoring the release of PLAC4 mRNA molecules into maternal plasma.ConclusionWe revealed that in addition to expression levels in the placenta, other biological factors might interplay to determine the maternal plasma profile of placental‐derived RNAs. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intersubunit communication in the dihydroorotase–aspartate transcarbamoylase complex of Aquifex aeolicus
Authors: Evans Hedeel Guy , Fernando Roshini , Vaishnav Asmita , Kotichukkala Mahalakshmi , Heyl Deborah , Martin Philip D. , Hachem Fatme , Brunzelle Joseph S. , Edwards Brian F.P. , Evans David R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAspartate transcarbamoylase and dihydroorotase, enzymes that catalyze the second and third step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, are associated in dodecameric complexes in Aquifex aeolicus and many other organisms. The architecture of the dodecamer is ideally suited to channel the intermediate, carbamoyl aspartate from its site of synthesis on the ATC subunit to the active site of DHO, which catalyzes the next step in the pathway, because both reactions occur within a large, internal solvent‐filled cavity. Channeling usually requires that the reactions of the enzymes are coordinated so that the rate of synthesis of the intermediate matches its rate of utilization. The linkage between the ATC and DHO subunits was demonstrated by showing that the binding of the bisubstrate analog, N‐phosphonacetyl‐L‐aspartate to the ATC subunit inhibits the activity of the distal DHO subunit. Structural studies identified a DHO loop, loop A, interdigitating between the ATC domains that would be expected to interfere with domain closure essential for ATC catalysis. Mutation of the DHO residues in loop A that penetrate deeply between the two ATC domains inhibits the ATC activity by interfering with the normal reciprocal linkage between the two enzymes. Moreover, a synthetic peptide that mimics that part of the DHO loop that binds between the two ATC domains was found to be an allosteric or noncompletive ATC inhibitor (Ki = 22 μM). A model is proposed suggesting that loop A is an important component of the functional linkage between the enzymes.