bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cohort study for the impact of activity-limiting injuries based on the Canadian National Population Health Survey 1994–2006
Authors: Mo Frank , Neutel Ineke C , Morrison Howard , Hopkins Doug , Da Silva Caroline , Jiang Ying 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and factors affecting activity-limiting injuries (ALI) in individuals and in the Canadian population; to estimate the short and long term impact on health status and well-being because of ALI in Canada from 1994 to 2006 using the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS).DesignThe NPHS is a randomised longitudinal cohort study with biennial interviews, with information on age, sex, education, marital status, income, residence, height and weight to self-perceived health status, healthcare utilisation and medication use in addition to ALI.SettingThe study population was a random sample of male and female participants 20 years and older from 10 provinces and three territories in Canada.Primary and secondary outcome measuresLogistic regression models were used to assess the potential impact of ALI on individuals and on the Canadian population. The interviews 2 years before and 2 years after the ALI were compared to examine long-term effects, and the McNemar test option in SAS was used for the matched analysis.ResultsThe immediate impacts of ALI were pain, disability and disruption of regular life. Long-term effects in patients were chronic pain and increased medical doctor visits. Population impact included a considerable increase in healthcare access and cost. The odds ratios (OR) for the 20–39 age group compared with those 60+ was 2.2; 95% CI 1.8 to 2.7, while the OR associated with male participants was 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6. Individuals consuming nine or more alcoholic drinks per week were also significantly more likely to report an ALI (OR, 1.5; 95% CI 1.3 to 1.8).ConclusionsThe findings from this study illustrated the immediate and long-term impact of individuals and population level injuries in Canada. Injury control policies should aim to prevent the number of injuries, fatalities as well as the consequences among survivors.
Parental academic involvement in adolescence, academic achievement over the life course and allostatic load in middle age: a prospective population-based cohort study
Authors: Westerlund Hugo , Gustafsson Per E , Theorell Töres , Janlert Urban , Hammarström Anne 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundParental involvement in their children's studies, particularly in terms of academic socialisation, has been shown to predict academic achievement, and is thus a candidate modifiable factor influencing life course socioeconomic circumstances. Socioeconomic disadvantage is thought to impact on health over the life course partly by allostatic load, that is, cumulative biological risk. We sought to elucidate the role of parental involvement at age 16 on the life course development of allostatic load.MethodsIn a population-based cohort (365 women and 352 men, 67% of the eligible participants), we examined the association between parental involvement in their offspring's studies, measured by teacher and pupil ratings at age 16 and an allostatic load index summarising 12 physiological risk markers at age 43. Mediation through life course academic and occupational achievement was assessed by entering school grades, adult educational achievement and socioeconomic position at age 43 in a linear regression analysis in a stepwise manner and testing for mediation.ResultsParental interest in their offspring's studies during the last year of compulsory school—rather than the parent's social class or availability of practical academic support—was found to predict adult allostatic load (β=−0.12, 95% CI −0.20 to −0.05). Further adjustments indicated that academic achievement over the life course mediated a large part of the effect of parental interest on allostatic load.ConclusionsParental interest in their offspring's studies may have protective effects by decreasing the likelihood of a chain of risk involving low academic achievement, low socioeconomic position and high accumulated physiological stress.
Inhibition of Histone Demethylase JMJD1A Improves Anti-Angiogenic Therapy and Reduces Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Authors: Osawa Tsuyoshi , Tsuchida Rika , Muramatsu Masashi , Shimamura Teppei , Wang Feng , Suehiro Jun-ichi , Kanki Yasuharu , Wada Youichiro , Yuasa Yasuhito , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Miyano Satoru , Minami Takashi , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Shibuya Masabumi 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Antiangiogenic strategies can be effective for cancer therapy, but like all therapies resistance poses a major clinical challenge. Hypoxia and nutrient starvation select for aggressive qualities that may render tumors resistant to antiangiogenic attack. Here, we show that hypoxia and nutrient starvation cooperate to drive tumor aggressiveness through epigenetic regulation of the histone demethylase JMJD1A (JHDM2A; KDM3A). In cancer cells rendered resistant to long-term hypoxia and nutrient starvation, we documented a stimulation of AKT phosphorylation, cell morphologic changes, cell migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth in culture. These qualities associated in vivo with increased angiogenesis and infiltration of macrophages into tumor tissues. Through expression microarray analysis, we identified a cluster of functional drivers such as VEGFA, FGF18, and JMJD1A, the latter which was upregulated in vitro under conditions of hypoxia and nutrient starvation and in vivo before activation of the angiogenic switch or the prerefractory phase of antiangiogenic therapy. JMJD1A inhibition suppressed tumor growth by downregulating angiogenesis and macrophage infiltration, by suppressing expression of FGF2, HGF, and ANG2. Notably, JMJD1A inhibition enhanced the antitumor effects of the anti-VEGF compound bevacizumab and the VEGFR/KDR inhibitor sunitinib. Our results form the foundation of a strategy to attack hypoxia- and nutrient starvation–resistant cancer cells as an approach to leverage antiangiogenic treatments and limit resistance to them. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3019–28. ©2013 AACR.
Comparative cellular responses in susceptible and resistant soybean cultivars infected by Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Fourie Hendrika , Fourie Hendrika , Mc Donald Alexander H. , Fourie Hendrika , Mc Donald Alexander H. , De Waele Dirk , Fourie Hendrika , Mc Donald Alexander H. , De Waele Dirk , Jordaan Anine 
Published: March 2013

Meloidogyne incognita, a predominant nematode parasite of soybean in South Africa, increasingly threatens production of the crop as it is expanding to maize-producing areas infected by this nematode. The parasitic relationship between M. incognita and soybean were compared on a susceptible and a resistant cultivar in terms of nematode penetration, development, reproduction and fecundity as well as histopathology studies. Second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were inoculated on roots of a resistant (LS5995) and a susceptible (Prima2000) cultivar in three concurrent but separate glasshouse trials. For pre-infectional studies, root systems of plants were harvested 2, 4, 10, 16 and 20 DAI. Sampling times for the post-infectional experiment were 4, 10, 20 and 30 DAI, whilst those for the histopathology experiment were 2, 4, 10, 20 and 30 DAI. J2 penetrated roots of both cultivars in comparable numbers 2 DAI but vermiform J2 numbers were significantly lower in roots of LS5995 at 4, 16 and 20 DAI. Final (Pf) J2 population density (vermiform plus swollen individuals) in roots of Prima2000 was significantly higher at all sampling times than those in roots of LS5995. Development of M. incognita J2 to third- (J3) and fourth-stage juveniles (J4) was significantly affected by cultivar susceptibility and time, being slower in LS5995. Development of J2 to J3 and J4 or into mature females was also consistently slower in LS5995 for the duration of this experiment. Adult females in roots of Prima2000 produced significantly more (98%) eggs per egg mass and also maintained significantly more egg and J2 numbers (98.5%) per root system 30 DAI than those in roots of LS5995. Histopathological observations showed that J2 penetrated roots of both soybean cultivars and migrated intercellularly to undifferentiated provascular tissue 2 and 4 DAI, with pronounced cellular changes taking place. A hypersensitive reaction was observed 2 DAI in roots of the resistant cultivar. From 10 to 30 DAI giant cell formation in the differentiated vascular tissue in the roots of LS5995 differed substantially from those in roots of Prima2000. Giant cells that developed in roots of the LS5995 were smaller and fewer compared to those in Prima2000. Giant cells in roots of LS5995 also contained empty as well as sub-optimal giant cells with thicker cell walls than those reported for resistant soybean cultivars in earlier studies. The induction, development and maintenance of giant cells in LS5995 proved to be typically retarded.
Kinematics of Eddy–Mean Flow Interaction in an Idealized Atmospheric Model
Authors: Kravtsov Sergey , Gulev Sergey K. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The authors analyze atmospheric variability simulated in a two-layer baroclinic β-channel quasigeostrophic model by combining Eulerian and feature-tracking analysis approaches. The leading mode of the model's low-frequency variability (LFV) is associated with the irregular shifts of the zonal-mean jet to the north and south of its climatological position accompanied by simultaneous intensification of the jet, while the deviations from the zonal-mean fields are dominated by propagating anomalies with wavenumbers 3–5. The model's variability is shown to stem from the life cycles of cyclones and anticyclones. In particular, synthetic streamfunction fields constructed by launching idealized composite-mean eddies along the actual full-model-simulated cyclone/anticyclone tracks reproduce nearly perfectly not only the dominant propagating waves, but also the jet-shifting LFV. The composite eddy tracks conditioned on the phase of the jet-shifting variability migrate north or south along with the zonal-mean jet. The synoptic-eddy life cycles in the states with poleward (equatorward) zonal-jet shift exhibit longer-than-climatological lifetimes; this is caused, arguably, by a barotropic feedback associated with preferred anticyclonic (cyclonic) wave breaking in these respective states. Lagged correlation and cross-spectrum analyses of zonal-mean jet position time series and the time series representing mean latitudinal location of the eddies at a given time demonstrate that jet latitude leads the storm-track latitude at low frequencies. This indicates that the LFV associated with the jet-shifting mode here is more dynamically involved than being a mere consequence of the random variations in the distribution of the synoptic systems.
Climate Change in the South American Monsoon System: Present Climate and CMIP5 Projections
Authors: Jones Charles , Carvalho Leila M. V. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The South American monsoon system (SAMS) is the most important climatic feature in South America. This study focuses on the large-scale characteristics of the SAMS: seasonal amplitudes, onset and demise dates, and durations. Changes in the SAMS are investigated with the gridded precipitation, Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) simulations for two scenarios [“historical” and high-emission representative concentration pathways (rcp8.5)]. Qualitative comparisons with a previous study indicate that some CMIP5 models have significantly improved their representation of the SAMS relative to their CMIP3 versions. Some models exhibit persistent deficiencies in simulating the SAMS. CMIP5 model simulations for the historical experiment show signals of climate change in South America. While the observational data show trends, the period used is too short for final conclusions concerning climate change. Future changes in the SAMS are analyzed with six CMIP5 model simulations of the rcp8.5 high-emission scenario. Most of the simulations show significant increases in seasonal amplitudes, early onsets, late demises, and durations of the SAMS. The simulations for this scenario project a 30% increase in the amplitude from the current level by 2045–50. In addition, the rcp8.5 scenario projects an ensemble mean decrease of 14 days in the onset and 17-day increase in the demise date of the SAMS by 2045–50. The results additionally indicate lack of spatial agreement in model projections of changes in total wet-season precipitation over South America during 2070–2100. The most consistent CMIP5 projections analyzed here are the increase in the total monsoon precipitation over southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina.
Causes of Robust Seasonal Land Precipitation Changes*
Authors: Polson Debbie , Hegerl Gabriele C. , Zhang Xuebin , Osborn Timothy J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Historical simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) archive are used to calculate the zonal-mean change in seasonal land precipitation for the second half of the twentieth century in response to a range of external forcings, including anthropogenic and natural forcings combined (ALL), greenhouse gas forcing, anthropogenic aerosol forcing, anthropogenic forcings combined, and natural forcing. These simulated patterns of change are used as fingerprints in a detection and attribution study applied to four different gridded observational datasets of global land precipitation from 1951 to 2005. There are large differences in the spatial and temporal coverage in the observational datasets. Yet despite these differences, the zonal-mean patterns of change are mostly consistent except at latitudes where spatial coverage is limited. The results show some differences between datasets, but the influence of external forcings is robustly detected in March–May, December–February, and for annual changes for the three datasets more suitable for studying changes. For June–August and September–November, external forcing is only detected for the dataset that includes only long-term stations. Fingerprints for combinations of forcings that include the effect of greenhouse gases are similarly detectable to those for ALL forcings, suggesting that greenhouse gas influence drives the detectable features of the ALL forcing fingerprint. Fingerprints of only natural or only anthropogenic aerosol forcing are not detected. This, together with two-fingerprint results, suggests that at least some of the detected change in zonal land precipitation can be attributed to human influences.
Multimodel Assessment of Regional Surface Temperature Trends: CMIP3 and CMIP5 Twentieth-Century Simulations
Authors: Knutson Thomas R. , Zeng Fanrong , Wittenberg Andrew T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRegional surface temperature trends from phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) and CMIP5 twentieth-century runs are compared with observations—at spatial scales ranging from global averages to individual grid points—using simulated intrinsic climate variability from preindustrial control runs to assess whether observed trends are detectable and/or consistent with the models' historical run trends. The CMIP5 models are also used to detect anthropogenic components of the observed trends, by assessing alternative hypotheses based on scenarios driven with either anthropogenic plus natural forcings combined, or with natural forcings only. Modeled variability is assessed via inspection of control run time series, standard deviation maps, spectral analyses, and low-frequency variance consistency tests. The models are found to provide plausible representations of internal climate variability, although there is room for improvement. The influence of observational uncertainty on the trends is assessed and is found to be generally small in comparison with intrinsic climate variability. Observed temperature trends over 1901–2010 are found to contain detectable anthropogenic warming components over a large fraction (about 80%) of the analyzed global area. In about 70% of the analyzed area, the modeled warming is consistent with the observed trends; in about 10% it is significantly greater than simulated. Regions without detectable warming include the high-latitude North Atlantic Ocean, the eastern United States, and parts of the eastern and northern Pacific Ocean. For 1981–2010, the observed warming trends over only about 30% of the globe are found to contain a detectable anthropogenic warming: this includes a number of regions within about 40°–45° of the equator, particularly in the Indian Ocean, western Pacific, South Asia, and tropical Atlantic.
Constraining a System of Interacting Parameterizations through Multiple-Parameter Evaluation: Tracing a Compensating Error between Cloud Vertical Structure and Cloud Overlap
Authors: Neggers R. A. J. , Siebesma A. P. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This study explores the opportunities created by subjecting a system of interacting fast-acting parameterizations to long-term single-column model evaluation against multiple independent measurements at a permanent meteorological site. It is argued that constraining the system at multiple key points facilitates the tracing and identification of compensating errors between individual parametric components. The extended time range of the evaluation helps to enhance the statistical significance and representativeness of the single-column model result, which facilitates the attribution of model behavior as diagnosed in a general circulation model to its subgrid parameterizations. At the same time, the high model transparency and computational efficiency typical of single-column modeling is preserved.
The method is illustrated by investigating the impact of a model change in the Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO) on the representation of the coupled boundary layer–soil system at the Cabauw meteorological site in the Netherlands. A set of 12 relevant variables is defined that covers all involved processes, including cloud structure and amplitude, radiative transfer, the surface energy budget, and the thermodynamic state of the soil and various heights of the lower atmosphere. These variables are either routinely measured at the Cabauw site or are obtained from continuous large-eddy simulation at that site. This 12-point check proves effective in revealing the existence of a compensating error between cloud structure and radiative transfer, residing in the cloud overlap assumption. In this exercise, the application of conditional sampling proves a valuable tool in establishing which cloud regime exhibits the biggest impact.
Realism of the Indian Ocean Dipole in CMIP5 Models: The Implications for Climate Projections
Authors: Weller Evan , Cai Wenju 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
An assessment of how well climate models simulate the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) is undertaken using 20 coupled models that have partaken in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Compared with models in phase 3 (CMIP3), no substantial improvement is evident in the simulation of the IOD pattern and/or amplitude during austral spring [September–November (SON)]. The majority of models in CMIP5 generate a larger variance of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Sumatra–Java upwelling region and an IOD amplitude that is far greater than is observed. Although the relationship between precipitation and tropical Indian Ocean SSTs is well simulated, future projections of SON rainfall changes over IOD-influenced regions are intrinsically linked to the IOD amplitude and its rainfall teleconnection in the model present-day climate. The diversity of the simulated IOD amplitudes in models in CMIP5 (and CMIP3), which tend to be overly large, results in a wide range of future modeled SON rainfall trends over IOD-influenced regions. The results herein highlight the importance of realistically simulating the present-day IOD properties and suggest that caution should be exercised in interpreting climate projections in the IOD-affected regions.
Methodological approach towards sustainability by integration of environmental impact in production system models through life cycle analysis: Application to the Rioja wine sector
Authors: Jiménez Emilio , Martínez Eduardo , Blanco Julio , Pérez Mercedes , Graciano Charmery 
Published: March 2013

This paper proposes the integration of life cycle analysis within the production system models as a tool for decision making (whether at the strategic, tactical or operational levels) attending not only economic and technical criteria but also the environmental impact. This methodological proposal advances over the traditional approach of calculating the value of the environmental impact of a particular product, by proposing the use of models to determine the environmental impact of the product, according to the decisions made in the production system. That is, it does not provide an impact value of the product, but rather a model to determine the impact in terms of the decisions made in the production process; therefore, it can be used, especially by means of simulation, for the optimization of the production system, based on multiple criteria (including environmental impact). The methodological approach is exemplified by a case study, which is used to validate the proposal and to expose it more precisely and clearly, although the methodology is equally applicable to any production process, especially processes highly automated or with different alternative production techniques. This case study, based on the wine production sector of the Rioja Qualified Designation of Origin, in Spain, was made with actual data after several years of research in representative wineries; therefore, besides an application example, it is a support tool for sustainability in wineries, by reducing the environmental impact of wine production (especially in La Rioja and Spain, but generally throughout the world).
Development of an ICF-based core set of activities and participation for patients with mental disorders: an approach based upon data
Authors: Brütt Anna L , Schulz Holger , Andreas Sylke 
Published: March 2013

Objective: To use data and patient involvement to identify categories within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) component activities and participation relevant for patients with affective, somatoform, anxiety and adjustment disorders. Design: The first step was to identify systematically, outcome instruments used in randomized controlled trials, to relate item content to the ICF. Then four patient focus group discussions ( n = 21 participants) were conducted, and finally an expert panel ( n = 11 participants) was used to identify the most relevant categories in therapy settings. Participants: Focus groups: inpatient psychotherapy patients. Expert panel: clinicians, stakeholders, patient representative. Results: In the literature search, 313 measures were identified, which included 1562 meaningful concepts (separate content units). These were allocated to ICF categories that were validated and complemented in focus groups and by an expert panel. The resulting core set includes 27 categories related to the nine chapters of the ICF component activities and participation. Conclusions: A core set of items, set within the World Health Organization ICF and relevant to the treatment of people with affective, somatoform, anxiety and adjustment disorders, has been developed based on existing evidence.