bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogeographical signature of river capture events in Amazonian lowlands
Authors: Tagliacollo Victor A. , Roxo Fábio Fernandes , Duke‐Sylvester Scott M. , Oliveira Claudio , Albert James S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of river capture on the biogeographical history of South American freshwater fishes.LocationWestern Amazon and La Plata basins, and adjacent river drainages.MethodsWe used a species‐dense time‐calibrated phylogeny of long‐whiskered catfishes (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) to calculate likelihoods for 16 biogeographical scenarios of river capture, each differing in details of (1) landscape evolution and/or (2) models of species range evolution. We designed eight alternative landscape evolution models (LEMs) to represent distinct palaeogeographical river capture histories between the Western Amazon and La Plata drainages during the formation of the Central Andean (Bolivian) orocline (43.0–15.0 Ma). TheLEMs differed only in patterns of area‐connectivity constraints through time, and otherwise had the same geographical areas, time durations and dispersal probabilities. We used theDECandDECj models of species range evolution under these eightLEMconstraints to calculate likelihood values for ancestral area estimates.ResultsDivergence time estimates indicated that crown‐group pimelodids emerged during the Late Cretaceous or Palaeogene (c. 72.9 ± 20 Ma) and model‐selection recovered a best‐fit palaeogeographical scenario with (1) aLEMwith three river capture events, and (2) aDECj model of species range evolution. These results were quantitatively replicated usingLagrangeand BayArea‐like methods.Main conclusionsThe taxon–area chronogram of pimelodids exhibits the characteristic biogeographical signature of river capture; i.e. several non‐monophyletic regional (basin‐wide) species assemblages coupled with the presence of many species inhabiting more than one basin. These phylogenetic and biogeographical patterns are consistent with the effects of three large‐scale river capture events during the formation of the Bolivian orocline.
Spatial autocorrelation analysis and ecological niche modelling allows inference of range dynamics driving the population genetic structure of a Neotropical savanna tree
Authors: Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre F. , Barbosa Ana Clara O. F. , Collevatti Rosane G. , Chaves Lázaro J. , Terribile Levi Carina , Lima‐Ribeiro Matheus S. , Telles Mariana P. C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimSpatial autocorrelation analysis of genetic diversity was combined with ecological niche modelling (ENM) to better infer how ecological and evolutionary processes underlie population structure in Eugenia dysenterica, a widely distributed tree in the ‘Cerrado’ region of Central Brazil.Location‘Cerrado’ region, Central Brazil.MethodsData were derived from 11 microsatellite loci in 23 populations of E. dysenterica, totalling 249 allele frequencies. The expected heterozygosity (He) within populations and the first principal coordinates extracted from pairwise FST and from the difference between RST and FST among populations were correlated with shifts in suitability from ENM. Frequencies were then analysed using a spatial autocorrelation analysis based on Moran's I and Mantel tests to contrast population differentiation for mean allele frequencies, allele size and shifts in suitability since the Last Glacial Maximum inferred from ENM.ResultsSpatial correlograms based on Moran's I and Mantel tests showed a linear decrease in autocorrelation with distance, which revealed north‐west–south‐east gradients in allele frequencies, genetic diversity and differences between RST and FST. These spatial patterns varied among loci and alleles, and the strongest spatial patterns were found for more common alleles with higher levels of differentiation among populations and for those correlated with shifts in ENM suitability.Main conclusionsCurrent genetic diversity and population structure in E. dysenterica can be explained by geographical range shifts associated with Quaternary climate dynamics, thus demonstrating the value of applying spatial analyses to study the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying differentiation even within populations possessing a continuous distribution.
The Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation and Conduction Abnormalities in Chagas’ Disease: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: CARDOSO RHANDERSON , GARCIA DANIEL , FERNANDES GILSON , HE LI , LICHTENBERGER PAOLA , VILES‐GONZALEZ JUAN , COFFEY JAMES O. , MITRANI RAUL D. 
Published: September 2015

ECG Findings in Chagas’ DiseaseBackground/ObjectivesChagas’ disease (CD) has been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and electrocardiographic (ECG) conduction defects. However, prior studies have shown conflicting results. We performed a meta‐analysis comparing the prevalence of AF and conduction abnormalities between CD and non‐CD patients.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Latin American databases were searched for studies that directly compared the prevalence of AF and conduction defects in CD and non‐CD patients. Odds ratios (OR) were computed using random‐effects model due to anticipated heterogeneity. We further performed subanalyses limited to studies that included only patients with cardiomyopathy.ResultsA total of 17,238 patients from 30 studies were included, of whom 6,840 (40%) had a positive serology for CD. In the pooled data, AF was significantly more prevalent in the CD group (OR 1.62; 95%CI 1.21–2.15; P = 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between groups when the analysis included only patients with cardiomyopathy (OR 1.21; 95%CI 0.97–1.50; P = 0.08) or heart failure (OR 1.09; 95%CI 0.81–1.47; P = 0.55). The combination of right bundle branch block (RBBB) and left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) had the highest OR for increased prevalence in patients with Chagas’ cardiomyopathy compared to non‐CD etiologies (OR 5.31; 95%CI 1.23–22.86; P = 0.03).ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis suggests that the prevalence of AF in patients with Chagas’ cardiomyopathy is not significantly different from non‐CD cardiomyopathies. The pattern of RBBB and LAFB in patients with cardiomyopathy of unknown etiology and epidemiologic risk factors should raise the possibility of CD and prompt specific diagnostic testing.
Extending the ‘cross‐disorder’ relevance of executive functions to dimensional neuropsychiatric traits in youth
Authors: McGrath Lauren M. , Braaten Ellen B. , Doty Nathan D. , Willoughby Brian L. , Wilson H. Kent , O'Donnell Ellen H. , Colvin Mary K. , Ditmars Hillary L. , Blais Jessica E. , Hill Erin N. , Metzger Aaron , Perlis Roy H. , Willcutt Erik G. , Smoller Jordan W. , Waldman Irwin D. , Faraone Stephen V. , Seidman Larry J. , Doyle Alysa E. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundEvidence that different neuropsychiatric conditions share genetic liability has increased interest in phenotypes with ‘cross‐disorder’ relevance, as they may contribute to revised models of psychopathology. Cognition is a promising construct for study; yet, evidence that the same cognitive functions are impaired across different forms of psychopathology comes primarily from separate studies of individual categorical diagnoses versus controls. Given growing support for dimensional models that cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries, we aimed to determine, within a single cohort, whether performance on measures of executive functions (EFs) predicted dimensions of different psychopathological conditions known to share genetic liability.MethodsData are from 393 participants, ages 8–17, consecutively enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Genetic Influences on Cognition (LOGIC). This project is conducting deep phenotyping and genomic analyses in youth referred for neuropsychiatric evaluation. Using structural equation modeling, we examined whether EFs predicted variation in core dimensions of the autism spectrum disorder, bipolar illness, and schizophrenia (including social responsiveness, mania/emotion regulation, and positive symptoms of psychosis, respectively).ResultsWe modeled three cognitive factors (working memory, shifting, and executive processing speed) that loaded on a second‐order EF factor. The EF factor predicted variation in our three target traits, but not in a negative control (somatization). Moreover, this EF factor was primarily associated with the overlapping (rather than unique) variance across the three outcome measures, suggesting that it related to a general increase in psychopathology symptoms across those dimensions.ConclusionsFindings extend support for the relevance of cognition to neuropsychiatric conditions that share underlying genetic risk. They suggest that higher‐order cognition, including EFs, relates to the dimensional spectrum of each of these disorders and not just the clinical diagnoses. Moreover, results have implications for bottom‐up models linking genes, cognition, and a general psychopathology liability.
Links between within‐person fluctuations in hyperactivity/attention problems and subsequent conduct problems
Authors: Arnett Anne B. , Pennington Bruce F. , Young Jami F. , Hankin Benjamin L. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe onset of hyperactivity/impulsivity and attention problems (HAP) is typically younger than that of conduct problems (CP), and some research supports a directional relation wherein HAP precedes CP. Studies have tested this theory using between‐person and between‐group comparisons, with conflicting results. In contrast, prior research has not examined the effects of within‐person fluctuations in HAP on CP.MethodThis study tested the hypothesis that within‐person variation in HAP would positively predict subsequent within‐person variation in CP, in two population samples of youth (N = 620) who participated in identical methods of assessment over the course of 30 months. Three‐level, hierarchical models were used to test for within‐person, longitudinal associations between HAP and CP, as well as moderating effects of between‐person and between‐family demographics.ResultsWe found a small but significant association in the expected direction for older youth, but the opposite effect in younger and non‐Caucasian youth. These results were replicated across both samples.ConclusionsThe process by which early HAP relates to later CP may vary by age and racial identity.
Annual Research Review: Sleep problems in childhood psychiatric disorders – a review of the latest science
Authors: Gregory Alice M. , Sadeh Avi 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundHippocrates flagged the value of sleep for good health. Nonetheless, historically, researchers with an interest in developmental psychopathology have largely ignored a possible role for atypical sleep. Recently, however, there has been a surge of interest in this area, perhaps reflecting increased evidence that disturbed or insufficient sleep can result in poor functioning in numerous domains. This review outlines what is known about sleep in the psychiatric diagnoses most relevant to children and for which associations with sleep are beginning to be understood. While based on a comprehensive survey of the literature, the focus of the current review is on the latest science (largely from 2010). There is a description of both concurrent and longitudinal links as well as possible mechanisms underlying associations. Preliminary treatment research is also considered which suggests that treating sleep difficulties may result in improvements in behavioural areas beyond sleep quality.FindingsTo maximise progress in this field, there now needs to be: (a) greater attention to the assessment of sleep in children; (b) sleep research on a wider range of psychiatric disorders; (c) a greater focus on and examination of mechanisms underlying associations; (d) a clearer consideration ofdevelopmental questions and (e) large‐scale well‐designed treatment studies.ConclusionsWhile sleep problems may sometimes be missed by parents and healthcare providers; hence constituting a hidden risk for other psychopathologies – knowing about these difficulties creates unique opportunities. The current excitement in this field from experts in diverse areas including developmental psychology, clinical psychology, genetics and neuropsychology should make these opportunities a reality.
Differential Gene Expression and Protein Localization of Cryptosporidium parvum Fatty Acyl‐CoA Synthetase Isoforms
Authors: Guo Fengguang , Zhang Haili , Payne Harold Ross , Zhu Guan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCryptosporidium parvum is unable to synthesize fatty acids de novo, but possesses three long‐chain fatty acyl‐CoA synthetase (CpACS) isoforms for activating fatty acids. We have recently shown that these enzymes could be targeted to kill the parasite in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrated that the CpACS genes were differentially expressed during the parasite life cycle, and their proteins were localized to different subcellular structures by immunofluorescence and immuno‐electron microscopies. Among them, CpACS1 displayed as an apical protein in sporozoites and merozoites, but no or little presence during the intracellular merogony until the release of merozoites, suggesting that CpACS1 probably functioned mainly during the parasite invasion and/or early stage of intracellular development. Both CpACS2 and CpACS3 proteins were present in all parasite life cycle stages, in which CpACS2 was present in the parasite and the parasitophorous vacuole membranes (PVM), whereas CpACS3 was mainly present in the parasite plasma membranes with little presence in the PVM. These observations suggest that CpACS2 and CpACS3 may participate in scavenging and transport of fatty acids across the PVM and the parasite cytoplasmic membranes, respectively.
Extended Validation of Dynamic Irreversible Thermoporation: A Novel Thermal Process for Microbial Inactivation
Authors: Cammalleri Marco , Pipitone Emiliano , Rubino Teresa , Geraci Daniela Maria , Bonura Floriana , Mammina Caterina 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA novel thermal treatment for microorganism inactivation, characterized by a very rapid temperature increase (up to 30°C/s) and a low final temperature (up to 65°C) maintained for a relatively short holding time, has been recently presented and tested by the authors, showing microbial load reduction greater than 5 log units against several common bacteria and yeasts. With the aim of extending the possible use of the new thermal treatment to a wider microorganisms class, in this work the dynamic irreversible thermoporation (DIT) treatment was further tested on a well‐known thermoresistant strain, the Enterococcus hirae: The results of these new experimental tests confirmed the reliability of the process, which allowed to reach the 5 log microbial reduction once the adequate holding time was employed.The comparison with simple immersion in a thermostatic bath, where the very slow heating process with 0.3°C/s has been performed, confirmed the crucial role of the thermal shock for the success of the treatment. The inactivation kinetics of E. hirae in isothermal conditions immediately after the application of thermal shock has also been studied. Finally, the morphological analysis performed by using a scanning electron microscope clearly revealed the rupture of the cell membrane, leading to identification of the process called dynamic irreversible thermoporation (DIT).Practical ApplicationsThe main features of the dynamic irreversible thermoporation (DIT) process produce two major advantages with respect to the traditional heat treatments commonly employed for beverages: one perfectly agrees with production economics principles, while the other concerns the quality of the product. First, the DIT process can be implemented directly on bottled products because its low maximum temperature of 65°C is compatible with the plastic materials usually employed for sealed beverages: Its online application in the filling process could hence be conveniently considered, thus avoiding both the use of an expensive aseptic environment and the risk of post‐processing contamination. Second, by using such a low final temperature, the thermal degradation of the food components is avoided, with consequent preservation of the sensory and nutritional quality of the fresh‐like food products.
Effect of Formulation and Dough Hydration Level on Extrusion, Physical and Cooked Qualities of Nontraditional Spaghetti
Authors: de la Peña Elena , Manthey Frank A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe effects of formulation and dough hydration on extrusion, physical and cooking qualities of nontraditional spaghetti were determined. The formulations used for this experiment were semolina 100%, whole wheat 100%, semolina–whole wheat (49:51), semolina–flaxseed (90:10), whole wheat–flaxseed (90:10) and semolina–whole wheat–flaxseed (39:51:10). Flaxseed was incorporated as fine and coarse particles. Formulations were hydrated to 30, 31, 32, 33 and 34% before extrusion. Semolina required less pressure and mechanical energy during extrusion, had the brightest color, but had the poorest cooking quality when hydrated to 34% than to 30%. Inclusion of flaxseed flour in the formulation facilitated the extrusion process but decreased the flexibility, brightness, yellowness and cooked quality of the spaghetti. Better cooked quality was obtained for whole wheat spaghetti containing 49% semolina than for 100% whole wheat spaghetti. If both whole wheat and flaxseed flour are desired, then semolina–whole wheat–flaxseed (39:51:10) hydrated to 30–32% was the best formulation‐hydration combination.Practical ApplicationsThis study provides useful information for those pasta manufacturers that want to include nontraditional ingredients in their pasta products.
Quantitative Analysis of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shrimp Derived from Industrial Processing
Authors: Yingkajorn Mingkwan , Sermwittayawong Nutthawan , Khamhaeng Natchaya , Nishibuchi Mitsuaki , Vuddhakul Varaporn 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVibrio parahaemolyticus is an important seafood‐borne pathogen. V. parahaemolyticus carrying either tdh or trh or both genes is considered a pathogenic strain. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and concentration of V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp processed in a factory using most probable number (MPN) combined with either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) techniques. The pathogenic group (pathogenic Vp) is composed of strains carrying tdh (tdh+ Vp) and/or trh (trh+ Vp) and nonpathogenic group (total Vp) is consisted of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains. There was no difference in the total Vp detection by PCR and LAMP techniques. However, combined MPN with LAMP techniques, an increase in detection of pathogenic Vp in samples was identified and the concentrations of pathogenic Vp in shrimp from the first five processing steps were 3.2, 3.0, 3.1, 3.5 and 4.3 MPN/g and were below the detection level (<3 MPN/g) in shrimp from the last three steps. LAMP technique estimated significantly higher positive samples and MPN values for pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus than PCR technique.Practical ApplicationsLoop‐mediated isothermal amplification technique is more sensitive than polymerase chain reaction at determining low numbers of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood. Decreased temperature in the peeling step as well as frequent change in dipping water in the grazing step will reduce the total numbers of V. parahaemolyticus contaminated in shrimp.
The prognostic factors and trajectory of HRQOL in patients with pancreatic cancer who received psychiatric intervention
Authors: Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Kawashima Hiroki , Ohno Eizaburo , Hayashi Daijuro , Kuwahara Takamichi , Morishima Tomomasa , Kawai Manabu , Suhara Hiroki , Takeyama Tomoaki , Yamamura Takeshi , Funasaka Kohei , Nakamura Masanao , Miyahara Ryoji , Watanabe Osamu , Ishigami Masatoshi , Suzuki Miho , Kimura Hiroyuki , Ozaki Norio , Hashimoto Senju , Goto Hidemi , Hirooka Yoshiki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with advanced pancreatic cancer have severe pain, anxiety, and depression, and these symptoms deteriorate quality of life (QOL). Previous study reported that early psychiatric intervention for advanced cancer patients may improve QOL. We evaluated the trajectory of health‐related QOL (HRQOL) in patients with pancreatic cancer after an early psychiatric intervention.MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed in 108 pancreatic cancer patients who received consultation liaison psychiatry from November, 2011 to October, 2014 at Nagoya University Hospital. Longitudinal changes in HRQOL and the association between aspects of HRQOL and survival were evaluated using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire core 30 before treatment and every month after the start of treatment.ResultsPhysical functioning significantly decreased after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment compared with baseline, but global health status (GHS), role functioning, emotional functioning, and social functioning showed a tendency to improve. Severe impairment of GHS, fatigue, and appetite loss were apparent at 3 months prior to death. In multivariate analysis, pain was a significant prognostic factor for survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.109; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.021–1.204; P = 0.013), in addition to poor performance status (HR, 5.473; 95%CI, 2.338–12.816; P < .0001) and distant metastases at diagnosis (HR, 3.274; 95%CI, 1.872–5.725; P < .0001).ConclusionsEarly psychiatric intervention in patients with pancreatic cancer may maintain HRQOL. More effective pain management and reduction of psychological distress are important for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Early events in hepatitis B virus infection: From the cell surface to the nucleus
Authors: Hayes C Nelson , Zhang Yizhou , Makokha Grace Naswa , Hasan Md Zobaer , Omokoko Magot D , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWhile most adults are able to clear acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chronic HBV infection is recalcitrant to current therapy because of the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA in the nucleus. Complete clearance of the virus in these patients is rare, and long‐term therapy with interferon and/or nucleoside analogues may be required in an attempt to suppress viral replication and prevent progressive liver damage. The difficulty of establishing HBV infection in cell culture and experimental organisms has hindered efforts to elucidate details of the HBV life cycle, but it has also revealed the importance of the cellular microenvironment required for HBV binding and entry. Recent studies have demonstrated an essential role of sodium–taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide as a functional receptor in HBV infection, which has facilitated the development of novel infection systems and opened the way for more detailed understanding of the early steps of HBV infection as well as a potential new therapeutic target. However, many gaps remain in understanding of how HBV recognizes and attaches to hepatocytes prior to binding to sodium–taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, as well as events that are triggered after binding, including entry into the cell, intracellular transport, and passage through the nuclear pore complex. This review summarizes current knowledge of the initial stages of HBV infection leading to the establishment of covalently closed circular DNA in the nucleus.