bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory biomarkers in serum in subjects with and without work related neck/shoulder complaints
Authors: Matute Wilander Anna , Kåredal Monica , Axmon Anna , Nordander Catarina 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough it has recently been recognised that inflammation is important in the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), the exact pathophysiological pathways are unknown.MethodsWe investigated serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in 35 female supermarket cashiers with repetitive work tasks and work related neck/shoulder complaints, compared with those from 25 women without MSDs (6 supermarket cashiers and 19 middle-school teachers or faculty staff). None of the subjects were pregnant or lactating, and showed no signs of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, cancer, diabetes, coronary artery disease or inadequately controlled hypertension. Serum levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α, GM-CSF, CTGF and CRP were analysed.ResultsThe women with pain related to MSD had higher serum concentrations of MIP-1β (median, 25th-75th percentile: 90.0 pg/mL, 62.5-110 vs. 73.1 pg/mL, 54.6-88.3; p = 0.018), IL-12 (0.26 pg/mL, 0.26-0.26 vs. 0.26 pg/mL, 0.26-0.26; p = 0.047) and CRP (0.5 mg/L, 0.5-1.6 vs. 0.5 mg/L, 0.5-0.5; p = 0.003), than control subjects. Levels of MIP-1α, MIP-1β and CRP were correlated with the reported intensity of neck/shoulder pain (r = 0.29, p = 0.03 for MIP-1α; r = 0.29, p = 0.02 for MIP-1β and r = 0.43, p = 0.001 for CRP). No statistically significant differences in serum levels were found for the remaining cytokines.ConclusionsOtherwise healthy females with ongoing work-related neck/shoulder pain showed higher serum concentrations of MIP-1β, IL-12 and CRP than controls, and the levels of MIP-1α, MIP-1β and CRP were correlated to pain intensity. These results support previous findings that inflammatory processes play a part in work related MSDs.
The professionalism disconnect: do entering residents identify yet participate in unprofessional behaviors?
Authors: Nagler Alisa , Andolsek Kathryn , Rudd Mariah , Sloane Richard , Musick David , Basnight Lorraine 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Professionalism has been an important tenet of medical education, yet defining it is a challenge. Perceptions of professional behavior may vary by individual, medical specialty, demographic group and institution. Understanding these differences should help institutions better clarify professionalism expectations and provide standards with which to evaluate resident behavior.

Methods
Duke University Hospital and Vidant Medical Center/East Carolina University surveyed entering PGY1 residents. Residents were queried on two issues: their perception of the professionalism of 46 specific behaviors related to training and patient care; and their own participation in those specified behaviors. The study reports data analyses for gender and institution based upon survey results in 2009 and 2010. The study received approval by the Institutional Review Boards of both institutions.

Results
76% (375) of 495 PGY1 residents surveyed in 2009 and 2010 responded. A majority of responders rated all 46 specified behaviors as unprofessional, and a majority had either observed or participated in each behavior. For all 46 behaviors, a greater percentage of women rated the behaviors as unprofessional. Men were more likely than women to have participated in behaviors. There were several significant differences in both the perceptions of specified behaviors and in self-reported observation of and/or involvement in those behaviors between institutions.
Respondents indicated the most important professionalism issues relevant to medical practice include: respect for colleagues/patients, relationships with pharmaceutical companies, balancing home/work life, and admitting mistakes. They reported that professionalism can best be assessed by peers, patients, observation of non-medical work and timeliness/detail of paperwork.

Conclusion
Defining professionalism in measurable terms is a challenge yet critical in order for it to be taught and assessed. Recognition of the differences by gender and institution should allow for tailored teaching and assessment of professionalism so that it is most meaningful. A shared understanding of what constitutes professional behavior is an important first step.
General iterative algorithms for mixed equilibrium problems, variational inequalities and fixed point problems
Authors: Wang Xiao-Jie , Ceng Lu-Chuan , Hu Hui-Ying , Li Shi-Xiu 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce and analyze a general iterative algorithm for finding a common solution of a mixed equilibrium problem, a general system of variational inequalities and a fixed point problem of infinitely many nonexpansive mappings in a real Hilbert space. Under some mild conditions, we derive the strong convergence of the sequence generated by the proposed algorithm to a common solution, which also solves some optimization problem. The result presented in this paper improves and extends some corresponding ones in the earlier and recent literature.

MSC:49J30, 47H10, 47H15.
Development of a novel cellular model of Alzheimer’s disease utilizing neurosphere cultures derived from B6C3-Tg(APPswe,PSEN1dE9)85Dbo/J embryonic mouse brain
Authors: Ghate Pankaj S , Sidhar Himakshi , Carlson George A , Giri Ranjit K 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Increased production, oligomerization and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Expressing familial AD mutations (amyloid precursor protein and/or presenilins mutations), the Aβ-pathologies of AD has been recapitulated in animal models of AD. Very few primary cell culture-based models of AD are available and they exhibit very weak Aβ-pathologies compared to what is seen in AD patients and animal models of AD. CNS stem/progenitor cells are present in both embryonic and adult brains. They can be isolated, grown as neurospheres and differentiated into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. It is not yet known whether CNS stem/progenitor cells can support the production of Aβ peptides in culture. In this report, we have established Aβ-pathologies such as production, secretion, oligomerization and aggregation of Aβ peptides utilizing neurosphere cultures to create a new cellular model of AD. These cultures were developed from E15 embryonic brains of transgenic mice carrying the Swedish mutations in humanized mouse APP cDNA and the exon-9 deleted human presenilin 1 cDNA both regulated by mouse prion protein gene (Prnp) promoter. Results demonstrated the expression of transgene transcripts, APPswe protein and its processed products only in transgene positive neurosphere cultures. These cultures generate and secrete both Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides into culture medium at levels comparable to the Aβ load in the brain of AD patients and animal models of AD, and produce pathogenic oligomers of Aβ peptides. The Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in the medium of transgene positive neurosphere cultures is higher than any known cellular models of AD. Conformation dependent immunocytochemistry demonstrated the possible presence of intracellular and extracellular aggregation of Aβ peptides in neurosphere cultures, which are also seen in AD brain and animal models of AD. Collectively, our neurosphere cultures provide robust Aβ-pathologies of AD better than existing cellular model of Alzheimer’s disease.
Rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in routine practice (GERINIS): six-year results from a prospective, multicentre, non-interventional study in 2,484 patients
Authors: Wendler Joerg , Burmester Gerd R , Sörensen Helmut , Krause Andreas , Richter Constanze , Tony Hans-Peter , Rubbert-Roth Andrea , Bartz-Bazzanella Peter , Wassenberg Siegfried , Haug-Rost Iris , Dörner Thomas 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rituximab (RTX) in a large cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in routine care, and to monitor changes in daily practice since the introduction of RTX therapy.

Methods
This was a multicentre, prospective, non-interventional study conducted under routine practice conditions in Germany. Efficacy was evaluated using Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Safety was assessed by recording adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Physician and patient global efficacy and tolerability assessments were also evaluated.

Results
Overall, 2,484 patients (76.7% female, mean age 56.4 years, mean disease duration 11.7 years) received RTX treatment (22.7% monotherapy). The total observation period was approximately six-years (median follow-up 14.7 months). RTX treatment led to improvements in DAS28 and HAQ-DI that were sustained over multiple courses. DAS28 improvements positively correlated with higher rheumatoid factor levels up to 50 IU/ml. Response and tolerability were rated good/very good by the majority of physicians and patients. Mean treatment intervals were 10.5 and 6.8 months for the first and last 400 enrolled patients, respectively. Infections were the most frequently reported ADRs (9.1%; 11.39/100 patient-years); approximately 1% of patients per course discontinued therapy due to ADRs.

Conclusions
Prolonged RTX treatment in routine care is associated with good efficacy and tolerability, as measured by conventional parameters and by physicians’ and patients’ global assessments. Rheumatoid factor status served as a distinct and quantitative biomarker of RTX responsiveness. With growing experience, physicians repeated treatments earlier in patients with less severe disease activity.
Malignant phyllodes tumors display mesenchymal stem cell features and aldehyde dehydrogenase/disialoganglioside identify their tumor stem cells
Authors: Lin Jin-Jin , Huang Chiun-Sheng , Yu John , Liao Guo-Shiou , Lien Huang-Chun , Hung Jung-Tung , Lin Ruey-Jen , Chou Fen-Pi , Yeh Kun-Tu , Yu Alice L 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Although breast phyllodes tumors are rare, there is no effective therapy other than surgery. Little is known about their tumor biology. A malignant phyllodes tumor contains heterologous stromal elements, and can transform into rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma and osteosarcoma. These versatile properties prompted us to explore their possible relationship to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to search for the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in phyllodes tumors.

Methods
Paraffin sections of malignant phyllodes tumors were examined for various markers by immunohistochemical staining. Xenografts of human primary phyllodes tumors were established by injecting freshly isolated tumor cells into the mammary fat pad of non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice. To search for CSCs, xenografted tumor cells were sorted into various subpopulations by flow cytometry and examined for their in vitro mammosphere forming capacity, in vivo tumorigenicity in NOD-SCID mice and their ability to undergo differentiation.

Results
Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the expression of the following 10 markers: CD44, CD29, CD106, CD166, CD105, CD90, disialoganglioside (GD2), CD117, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH), and Oct-4, and 7 clinically relevant markers (CD10, CD34, p53, p63, Ki-67, Bcl-2, vimentin, and Globo H) in all 51 malignant phyllodes tumors examined, albeit to different extents. Four xenografts were successfully established from human primary phyllodes tumors. In vitro, ALDH+ cells sorted from xenografts displayed approximately 10-fold greater mammosphere-forming capacity than ALDH- cells. GD2+ cells showed a 3.9-fold greater capacity than GD2- cells. ALDH+/GD2+cells displayed 12.8-fold greater mammosphere forming ability than ALDH-/GD2- cells. In vivo, the tumor-initiating frequency of ALDH+/GD2+ cells were up to 33-fold higher than that of ALDH+ cells, with as few as 50 ALDH+/GD2+ cells being sufficient for engraftment. Moreover, we provided the first evidence for the induction of ALDH+/GD2+ cells to differentiate into neural cells of various lineages, along with the observation of neural differentiation in clinical specimens and xenografts of malignant phyllodes tumors. ALDH+ or ALDH+/GD2+ cells could also be induced to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes or chondrocytes.

Conclusions
Our findings revealed that malignant phyllodes tumors possessed many characteristics of MSC, and their CSCs were enriched in ALDH+ and ALDH+/GD2+ subpopulations.
Impact of four sequential measures on the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Pérez-Granda María Jesús , Barrio José María , Muñoz Patricia , Hortal Javier , Rincón Cristina , Bouza Emilio 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent infection in patients admitted to intensive care units.
The efficacy of individual measures for the prevention of VAP is well documented, and data on the impact of implementing bundle measures have usually been reported from studies in which several measures are implemented simultaneously in the general intensive care unit (ICU).
The objective of our work was to evaluate the impact of four sequentially implemented measures for preventing VAP in a major heart surgery ICU. The measures were a specific training program, aspiration of subglottic secretions (ASSs), introduction of an inclinometer to improve the semirecumbent position, and reinforcement of oral care with chlorhexidine.

Methods
We compared rates of VAP, days on mechanical ventilation (MV), and cost of antimicrobial agents before and during implementation.

Results
We collected data from 401 patients before the intervention and from 1,534 patients during the intervention. Both groups were comparable. No significant differences in EuroSCORE were observed between the patients of both periods (6.4 versus 6.3; P = 0.7). The rates of VAP (episodes/1,000 days of ventilation) were, respectively, 23.9 versus 13.5 (P = 0.005). Mean number of days of MV/1,000 days of stay was 507 versus 375 (P = 0.001), and the cost of antimicrobial therapy (Euros/1,000 days of stay) was €70,612 versus €52,775 (P = 0.10). The main effect of sequential application of preventive measures in time achieved a relative-rate reduction of VAP of 41% (IRR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.62). The mortality rate before and during the intervention was 13.0% and 10.2%, respectively.
VAP rate was most significantly reduced by training and the use of the inclinometer.

Conclusions
A sequentially applied bundle of four preventive measures reduces VAP rates, days of MV, and the cost of antimicrobial therapy in patients admitted to the major heart surgery ICU.

Trial registration
Clinical Trials.gov: NCT02060045. Registered 4 February 2014.
The translation of cancer genomics: time for a revolution in clinical cancer care
Authors: Mardis Elaine R 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe introduction of next-generation sequencing technologies has dramatically impacted the life sciences, perhaps most profoundly in the area of cancer genomics. Clinical applications of next-generation sequencing and associated methods are emerging from ongoing large-scale discovery projects that have catalogued hundreds of genes as having a role in cancer susceptibility, onset and progression. For example, discovery cancer genomics has confirmed that many of the same genes are altered by mutation, copy number gain or loss, or structural variation across multiple tumor types, resulting in a gain or loss of function that likely contributes to cancer development in these tissues. Beyond these frequently mutated genes, we now know there is a ‘long tail’ of less frequently mutated, but probably important, genes that play roles in cancer onset or progression. Here, I discuss some of the remaining barriers to clinical translation, and look forward to new applications of these technologies in cancer care.
The Practice of Reading Good Books: A Plea to Teachers and Students
Authors: Anton Corey 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article is designed to provoke lively discussion between and among teachers and students regarding the growing state of reading atrophy. It best serves as an “inspirational” beginning piece for undergraduate humanities or social science courses that contain difficult, “primary source,” readings. The article consists of two main parts. The first addresses contemporary sources of reading atrophy. The second part offers arguments for why the practice of reading difficult books is worth the effort.
Adapting The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time: A conversation with Simon Stephens
Authors: Ue Tom 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The following interview was completed by telephone on 10 September 2012. It focuses on Simon Stephens’ adaptation of Mark Haddon’s novel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time. The award-winning book tells the story of fifteen-year-old Christopher, who tries to solve the mystery of his next-door neighbour’s dog’s murder. This conversation gives an account of Stephens’ reading of Haddon’s work; his understanding and realization, onstage, of Christopher, who suffers Asperger Syndrome; his changes to the novel’s ending; and the staging of the play in the intimate setting of the Cottesloe at the National Theatre in London. The critically and commercially acclaimed production transferred to the Apollo Theatre in the West End and ran until December 2013, when part of the theatre’s roof collapsed. The play will move to the Gielgud Theatre in June 2014.
Sweeney Todd: Hypertexuality, intermediality and adaptation
Authors: McGill Craig M. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Tim Burton’s 2007 film adaptation of Stephen Sondheim’s 1979 musical thriller Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street represents the most recent of a long line of adaptations of the source material. When writing his version, Sondheim constructed the score to function like a horror film and imbued it with other cinematic features. Through the process of hypertexuality, new adaptations (hypertexts) can productively be analysed in relation to their source material (hypotexts), without getting mired in issues of fidelity. Intermediality considers the relationship between two (or more) art-forms, and the interplay that exists between them in a specific text. In this article, I consider the hypertextual relationship between Sondheim’s score (hypotext) and Burton’s film (hypertext) by exploring intermedial aspects of each text. While Burton advanced some of the cinematic attributes of Sondheim’s score, he retained other theatrical conceits that allude to stage aesthetics and are also referents to other mediated genres. In examining these aspects, I consider implications of stage to screen adaptations of musicals.
Tessier number 30 cleft: report of an antenatally diagnosed case
Authors: Kavak Salih Burcin , Celik Ebru , Firat Cemal , Goktolga Gulser , Ilhan Rasit , Orak Ugur 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Tessier no. 30 cleft, also known as median mandibular cleft or lower midline facial cleft, is extremely rare. Less than 100 cases are reported in the literature, which show great variation in severity and associated abnormalities. We herein report a median mandibular cleft extending into the neck. Its importance comes from the fact that it is one of the two cases diagnosed antenatally and it is the first one diagnosed as early as 17 weeks of gestation. Early diagnosis allowed the patient to deliver in a more specialized clinic that was able to deal with immediate postnatal complications. The family was psychologically prepared for the delivery of a baby with a major anomaly.
Atherosclerotic disease and management challenges with nanomedicine: EU FP7 NMP funded “NanoAthero” and “CosmoPHOS-nano” large-scale projects
Authors: Letourneur Didier , Trohopoulos Panagiotis N. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAtherosclerosis is the most important arterial wall disease that causes arterial stenosis and may lead to the clinical manifestations of angina, heart attack and stroke. There is a demanding unmet medical need for new approaches for early diagnosis and improved/novel targeted therapies and therapy monitoring of atherosclerosis. This is the focus of two European large scale projects, the NanoAthero and the CosmoPHOS-nano by using nanomedicine. The aim is to demonstrate that nanotechnology-enabled systems can be successfully developed and clinically proven to be safe and effective in tackling cardiovascular diseases.
Synthesis and antifungal activity of camphoric acid-based acylhydrazone compounds
Authors: Ma Xian-Li , Li Fang-Yao , Duan Wen-Gui , Liao Jing-Ni , Lin Zhi-duo , Lin Gui-Shan , Cen Bo , Lei Fu-Hou 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In the search of novel potent bioactive compounds, 18 novel camphoric acid-based acylhydrazone compounds 4a–4r were designed and synthesized by the condensation reaction of N-amino camphorimide (3) with substituted benzaldehyde based on camphoric acid as the starting material. The target compounds were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and elemental analysis. The preliminary bioassay showed that the following camphoric acid-based compounds exhibited excellent antifungal activity with an inhibition ratio of 95% against Physalospora piricola at the concentration of 50 μg ml-1: o-bromophenyl acylhydrazone (4f), p-bromophenyl acylhydrazone (4g), p-methoxyphenyl acylhydrazone (4m), and p-hydroxyphenyl acylhydrazone (4p).
The leader proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus: structure-function relationships in a proteolytic virulence factor
Authors: Steinberger Jutta , Skern Tim 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The leader proteinase (Lpro) of the foot-and-mouth disease virus inhibits the host innate immune response by at least three different mechanisms. The most well-characterised of these is the prevention of the synthesis of cytokines such as interferons immediately after infection, brought about by specific proteolytic cleavage of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4G. This prevents the recruitment of capped cellular mRNA; however, the viral RNA can be translated under these conditions. The two other mechanisms are the induction of NF-κB cleavage and the deubiquitination of immune signalling molecules. This review focuses on the structure-function relationships in Lpro responsible for these widely divergent activities.
Humanoid Robot Navigation: Getting Localization Information from Vision
Authors: Wirbel Emilie , Bonnabel Silvère , de La Fortelle Arnaud , Moutarde Fabien 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this article, we present our work to provide a navigation and localization system on a constrained humanoid platform, the NAO robot, without modifying the robot sensors. First, we tried to implement a simple and light version of classic monocular Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms, while adapting to the CPU and camera quality, which turned out to be insufficient on the platform for the moment. From our work on keypoints tracking, we identified that some keypoints can be still accurately tracked at little cost, and used them to build a visual compass. This compass was then used to correct the robot walk because it makes it possible to control the robot orientation accurately.
Production of lignocellulosic gasoline using fast pyrolysis of biomass and a conventional refining scheme
Authors: de Rezende Pinho Andrea , de Almeida Marlon Brando Bezerra , Mendes Fabio Leal , Ximenes Vitor Loureiro 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper shows how some existing refining technologies such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) can be modified to process bio-oil, derived from agricultural lignocellulosic wastes such as the sugar cane straw. Tests carried out in demonstration scale (150 kg/h) show the potential of these alternative materials to produce lignocellulosic gasoline or aromatic compounds, suitable to the petrochemical industry.