bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 and 2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Suchankova Magda , Bucova Maria , Tibenska Elena , Tedlova Eva , Demian Juraj , Majer Ivan , Novosadova Helena , Tedla Miroslav , Paulovicova Ema , Kantarova Daniela 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground and objectivePulmonary sarcoidosis (PS) is characterized by the formation of granulomas in the lungs and has been associated with infection by microorganisms. Triggering receptor expressed on the surface of myeloid cells (TREM)‐1 is overexpressed in response to infection while TREM‐2 is involved in granuloma formation. We hypothesized that these receptors are overexpressed in PS and might be useful for diagnostic testing.MethodsCell surface TREM‐1 and TREM‐2 expression in cells obtained at bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was measured in individuals with sarcoidosis (n = 26) and compared with that seen in individuals with other interstitial lung diseases (ILD) (n = 27).ResultsTREM‐1 and TREM‐2 expression was significantly increased in sarcoidosis compared with other ILD: total number of TREM‐1, P = 0.0039 (23.81 vs 13.50 cells/μl), TREM‐2, P < 0.0001 (32.81 vs 7.76 cells/μl); percentage of TREM‐1: P = 0.0002 (41.30% vs 15.70%), TREM‐2: P < 0.0001 (34% vs 9.60%); and mean fluorescence of TREM‐1: P = 0.0005 (5.43 vs 1.96), TREM‐2: P = 0.0011 (6.85 vs 2.77). Increase in both of these receptors seems to be typical for PS. In discriminating sarcoidosis from other ILD, the specificity (96%) and sensitivity (72%) of the combination of TREM‐1 and TREM‐2 was high.ConclusionsIncreased TREM‐1 and TREM‐2 cell surface expression is observed in sarcoidosis. Evaluation of BAL cell expression of both of these receptors may serve as a diagnostic marker for sarcoidosis.
Simplified methods of topical fluoride administration: effects in individuals with hyposalivation
Authors: Gabre Pia , Moberg Sköld Ulla , Birkhed Dowen 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim was to compare fluoride (F) levels in individuals with normal salivary secretion and hyposalivation in connection with their use of F solutions and toothpaste.Seven individuals with normal salivation and nine with hyposalivation rinsed with 0.2% NaF solution for 1 minute. In addition, individuals with hyposalivation performed the following: (i) 0.2% NaF rinsing for 20 seconds, (ii) rubbing oral mucosa with a swab soaked with 0.2% NaF solution, and (iii) brushing with 5,000 ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste.Subjects characterized by hyposalivation reached approximately five times higher peak values of F concentrations in saliva after 1 minute rinsing with the F solution and higher area under the curve (AUC) values. The simplified methods exhibited the same AUC values as did 1 minute of rinsing. Brushing with 5,000 ppm F toothpaste resulted in higher AUC values than did the simplified methods.The F concentrations reached higher levels in individuals with hyposalivation compared to those with normal salivation. The simplified methods tested showed similar effects as conventional methods.
The assimilative capacity of Qiantang River watershed, China
Authors: Fang Xiao Bo , Zhang Jian Ying , Mei Cheng Xiao , Wong Ming H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe Qiantang River, located in Zhejiang Province, China, is a major water supplier to a highly populated region for multiple uses. With economic development, the received pollutants exceeded its assimilative capacity, leading to algal blooms or fish kills. This study was an up‐to‐date evaluation of the assimilative capacity of the Qiantang River, investigating the influence of stream flow. A confidence of 75 and 90% of instream flows were selected as the design flows, while the traditional one‐dimensional point discharge model and QUAL2K model were used to analyse biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) assimilative capacity. The results showed that the assimilative capacity of 75% confidence instream flow was larger than that of 90% confidence. The assimilative capacity based on QUAL2K model considered almost all rates of BOD gain and loss, which were larger than that of one‐dimensional point discharge model. The total amount of BOD discharged into Qiantang River was 17 1283 t·a−1 in 2004. Under 75 and 90% confidence river flow conditions, the calculated total BOD reduction percentage of the whole river was 38.2 and 55.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the results were used as criteria for developing a BOD total maximum daily load (TMDL) in order to achieve the sustainable use of water resources derived from Qiantang River watershed.
Spatial and temporal distribution of areas with drainage problems as estimated by different interpolation techniques
Authors: Arslan Hakan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study used spatial interpolation methods and a geographic information system that examines spatial and temporal variations in areas with drainage problems. Monthly groundwater depths were measured from 2005 to 2009, and the lowest depths were used to create groundwater maps for each year using five different interpolation. Cross‐validation using root mean squared error (RMSE) and the correlation coefficient (r) as indices were used to compare the accuracy of each method. A comparison of interpolated and observed values indicated radial basis function (RBF) to be the optimal method for interpolating lowest groundwater depth in 2005, whereas simple kriging (SK) was found to be the optimal method for 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. With the exception of 2007, from 2005 to 2009, approximately 8% of the study area was determined to have a groundwater depth ranging from 0 to 1 m. Between 2005 and 2009, the percentage of the area found to have drainage problems that negatively affected plant growth varied from 60.83% to 86.53%.
Effect of diammonium phosphate application on strigolactone production and Striga hermonthica infection in three sorghum cultivars
Authors: JAMIL M , VAN MOURIK T A , CHARNIKHOVA T , BOUWMEESTER H J 
Published: December 2012

Jamil M, Van Mourik TA, Charnikhova T & Bouwmeester HJ (2012). Effect of diammonium phosphate application on strigolactone production and Striga hermonthica infection in three sorghum cultivars. Weed Research.SummaryStriga hermonthica infection poses a major constraint to sorghum production in sub‐Saharan Africa, and low soil fertility aggravates the S. hermonthica problem. Under mineral nutrient deficiency, the sorghum host secretes large quantities of strigolactones, signalling molecules, into the rhizosphere. These induce S. hermonthica seed germination and subsequent infection of the host roots. In a combination of field and glasshouse experiments, we analysed the effect of microdose applied diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) fertiliser on production of strigolactones, S. hermonthica infection and yield of three different African sorghum genotypes (CGM‐19/1‐1, Lina‐3, DouaG). The sorghum cultivars all produced the strigolactones sorgomol and 5‐deoxystrigol, albeit in different quantity and ratio. Without fertiliser, high S. hermonthica infection and emergence occurred under both glasshouse and field conditions. DAP application reduced secretion of sorgomol and 5‐deoxystrigol and reduced S. hermonthica germination (66–70%), emergence (49–73%) and dry biomass (90–96%) under glasshouse conditions. Under field conditions, DAP microdosing reduced S. hermonthica emergence by 40–84% and increased sorghum grain yield by 47–142%. Thus DAP application reduced secretion of strigolactones into the rhizosphere and S. hermonthica parasitism both under controlled and field conditions. Microdosing of DAP may prove to be an efficient and cost effective option to reduce S. hermonthica damage in sorghum in sub‐Saharan Africa, particularly in combination with other control options, such as intercropping, use of organic fertiliser and hand pulling of S. hermonthica at flowering to achieve integrated S. hermonthica management.
Large-area fabrication of high aspect ratio tantalum photonic crystals for high-temperature selective emitters
Authors: Rinnerbauer Veronika , Ndao Sidy , Xiang Yeng Yi , Senkevich Jay J. , Jensen Klavs F. , Joannopoulos John D. , Soljačić Marin , Celanovic Ivan , Geil Robert D. 
Published: December 2012

The authors present highly selective emitters based on two-dimensional tantalum (Ta) photonic crystals, fabricated on 2 in. polycrystalline Ta substrates, for high-temperature applications, e.g., thermophotovoltaic energy conversion. In this study, a fabrication route facilitating large-area photonic crystal fabrication with high fabrication uniformity and accuracy, based on interference lithography and reactive ion etching is discussed. A deep reactive ion etch process for Ta was developed using an SF6/C4F8 based Bosch process, which enabled us to achieve ∼8.5 μm deep cavities with an aspect ratio of ∼8, with very steep and smooth sidewalls. The thermal emitters fabricated by this method show excellent spectral selectivity, enhancement of the emissivity below cut-off approaching unity, and a sharp cut-off between the high emissivity region and the low emissivity region, while maintaining the low intrinsic emissivity of bare Ta above the cut-off wavelength. The experimental results show excellent agreement with numerical simulations.
Human Coronavirus EMC Does Not Require the SARS-Coronavirus Receptor and Maintains Broad Replicative Capability in Mammalian Cell Lines
Authors: Müller Marcel A. , Raj V. Stalin , Muth Doreen , Meyer Benjamin , Kallies Stephan , Smits Saskia L. , Wollny Robert , Bestebroer Theo M. , Specht Sabine , Suliman Tasnim , Zimmermann Katrin , Binger Tabea , Eckerle Isabella , Tschapka Marco , Zaki Ali M. , Osterhaus Albert D. M. E. , Fouchier Ron A. M. , Haagmans Bart L. , Drosten Christian 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

A new human coronavirus (hCoV-EMC) has emerged very recently in the Middle East. The clinical presentation resembled that of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as encountered during the epidemic in 2002/2003. In both cases, acute renal failure was observed in humans. HCoV-EMC is a member of the same virus genus as SARS-CoV but constitutes a sister species. Here we investigated whether it might utilize angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV receptor. Knowledge of the receptor is highly critical because the restriction of the SARS receptor to deep compartments of the human respiratory tract limited the spread of SARS. In baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, lentiviral transduction of human ACE2 (hACE2) conferred permissiveness and replication for SARS-CoV but not for hCoV-EMC. Monkey and human kidney cells (LLC-MK2, Vero, and 769-P) and swine kidney cells were permissive for both viruses, but only SARS-CoV infection could be blocked by anti-hACE2 antibody and could be neutralized by preincubation of virus with soluble ACE2. Our data show that ACE2 is neither necessary nor sufficient for hCoV-EMC replication. Moreover, hCoV-EMC, but not SARS-CoV, replicated in cell lines from
Rousettus, Rhinolophus, Pipistrellus, Myotis, and Carollia
bats, representing four major chiropteran families from both suborders. As human CoV normally cannot replicate in bat cells from different families, this suggests that hCoV-EMC might use a receptor molecule that is conserved in bats, pigs, and humans, implicating a low barrier against cross-host transmission.

IMPORTANCE
A new human coronavirus (hCoV) emerged recently in the Middle East. The disease resembled SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), causing a fatal epidemic in 2002/2003. Coronaviruses have a reservoir in bats and because this novel virus is related to SARS-CoV, we investigated whether it might replicate in bat cells and use the same receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [ACE2]). This knowledge is highly critical, because the SARS-CoV receptor influenced pathology, and its localization in the deep respiratory tract is thought to have restricted the transmissibility of SARS. Our data show that hCoV-EMC does not need the SARS-CoV receptor to infect human cells. Moreover, the virus is capable of infecting human, pig, and bat cells. This is remarkable, as human CoVs normally cannot replicate in bat cells as a consequence of host adaptation. Our results implicate that the new virus might use a receptor that is conserved between bats, pigs and humans suggesting a low barrier against cross-host transmission.
Improving Butanol Fermentation To Enter the Advanced Biofuel Market
Authors: Tracy Bryan P. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

1-Butanol is a large-volume, intermediate chemical with favorable physical and chemical properties for blending with or directly substituting for gasoline. The per-volume value of butanol, as a chemical, is sufficient for investing into the recommercialization of the classical acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) (E. M. Green, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 22:337–343, 2011) fermentation process. Furthermore, with modest improvements in three areas of the ABE process, operating costs can be sufficiently decreased to make butanol an economically viable advanced biofuel. The three areas of greatest interest are (i) maximizing yields of butanol on any particular substrate, (ii) expanding substrate utilization capabilities of the host microorganism, and (iii) reducing the energy consumption of the overall production process, in particular the separation and purification operations. In their study in the September/October 2012 issue of
mBio
, Jang et al. [mBio 3(5):e00314-12, 2012] describe a comprehensive study on driving glucose metabolism in
Clostridium acetobutylicum
to the production of butanol. Moreover, they execute a metabolic engineering strategy to achieve the highest yet reported yields of butanol on glucose.
ConcomitantClostridium difficilecolitis and cytomegalovirus colitis in an immunocompetent elderly female
Authors: Kurtz Maria , Morgan Mackenzie 
Published: December 2012

A 78-year-old Japanese woman with diarrhoea and abdominal pain was admitted for PCR test (PCR)-provenClostridium difficilecolitis. The patient's symptoms persisted despite multiple courses of antibiotics including intravenous metronidazole, oral vancomycin and oral fidaxomicin. She underwent a stool transplant without improvement. Biopsies from a colonoscopy revealed concomitant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The patient was immediately started on intravenous ganciclovir. Unfortunately, she developed sepsis secondary to colitis, and underwent definitive treatment with a total colectomy. Although CMV is a rare colonic pathogen in the immunocompetent patient, it should be considered in patients with severe or refractoryC difficilecolitis.
Enriching the Molecular Definition of the Airway “Field of Cancerization:” Establishing New Paradigms for the Patient at Risk for Lung Cancer
Authors: Gomperts Brigitte N. , Walser Tonya C. , Spira Avrum , Dubinett Steven M. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The “field of cancerization” refers to histologically normal-appearing tissue adjacent to neoplastic tissue that displays molecular abnormalities, some of which are the same as those of the tumor. Improving our understanding of these molecular events is likely to increase our understanding of carcinogenesis. Kadara and colleagues attempt to characterize the molecular events occurring temporally and spatially within the field of cancerization of patients with early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following definitive surgery. They followed patients with bronchoscopies annually after tumor resection and extracted RNA from the serial brushings from different endobronchial sites. They then conducted microarray analysis to identify gene expression differences over time and in different sites in the airway. Candidate genes were found that may have biologic relevance to the field of cancerization. For example, expression of phosphorylated AKT and ERK1/2 was found to increase in the airway epithelium with time. Although there are limitations in the study design, this investigation demonstrates the utility of identifying molecular changes in histologically normal airway epithelium in lung cancer. In addition to increasing our understanding of lung cancer biology, studying the field of cancerization has the potential to identify biomarkers from samples obtained in a minimally invasive manner. Cancer Prev Res; 6(1); 4–7. ©2013 AACR.
Reliability of Hematoma Volume Measurement at Local Sites in a Multicenter Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Clinical Trial
Authors: Hussein Haitham M. , Tariq Nauman A. , Palesch Yuko Y. , Qureshi Adnan I. ,   for the ATACH Investigators
Published: December 2012

Background and Purpose—
The reliability of hematoma volume (HV) measurement using the ABC/2 method in multicenter clinical trials is unknown. We determined the accuracy of ABC/2 method as an on-site test in comparison with the gold standard central HV-assessment and semiautomatic HV-assessment.

Method—

We analyzed data from an acute intracerebral hemorrhage multicenter clinical trial. HV was measured by site investigators to determine enrollment eligibility (<60 cm
3
) using the ABC/2 method (on-site HV), and independently by the core-imaging laboratory using computer-based analysis (Medical Image Processing, Analysis, and Visualization [MIPAV] HV). HV was also measured by ABC/2 method (central HV) at the core-imaging laboratory to assess the difference in measurements between on-site (multiple raters with variable experiences) and central (single experienced rater) HVs.

Results—

Fifty-six subjects were analyzed (mean age 62±15 years; 45% women). On-site HV values showed a significantly lower correlation with the MIPAV HV (r=0.63) than central HV and MIPAV HV (r=0.93) values. The correlation between on-site HV and central HV values was modest (r=0.51). A total of 73% of the central HVs were within 25% of the corresponding MIPAV HVs, whereas only 46% of the on-site HVs were within 25% of the corresponding MIPAV HVs (
P
<0.001). One protocol violation occurred as a result of inaccuracy of on-site HV measurement.

Conclusion—
On-site HV measurements showed high variability, but the impact on the eligibility determination was small. Centralized remeasurements of HVs with feedback to the sites may increase the reliability of the on-site HV measurements.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00415610
or
http://www.atach-2.com
. Unique identifier: NCT00415610.
Multiparametric MRI and CT Models of Infarct Core and Favorable Penumbral Imaging Patterns in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kidwell Chelsea S. , Wintermark Max , De Silva Deidre A. , Schaewe Timothy J. , Jahan Reza , Starkman Sidney , Jovin Tudor , Hom Jason , Jumaa Mouhammad , Schreier Jeffrie , Gornbein Jeffrey , Liebeskind David S. , Alger Jeffry R. , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: December 2012

Background and Purpose—
Objective imaging methods to identify optimal candidates for late recanalization therapies are needed. The study goals were (1) to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) multiparametric, voxel-based predictive models of infarct core and penumbra in acute ischemic stroke patients, and (2) to develop patient-level imaging criteria for favorable penumbral pattern based on good clinical outcome in response to successful recanalization.

Methods—
An analysis of imaging and clinical data was performed on 2 cohorts of patients (one screened with CT, the other with MRI) who underwent successful treatment for large vessel, anterior circulation stroke. Subjects were divided 2:1 into derivation and validation cohorts. Pretreatment imaging parameters independently predicting final tissue infarct and final clinical outcome were identified.

Results—
The MRI and CT models were developed and validated from 34 and 32 patients, using 943 320 and 1 236 917 voxels, respectively. The derivation MRI and 2-branch CT models had an overall accuracy of 74% and 80%, respectively, and were independently validated with an accuracy of 71% and 79%, respectively. The imaging criteria of (1) predicted infarct core ≤90 mL and (2) ratio of predicted infarct tissue within the at-risk region ≤70% identified patients as having a favorable penumbral pattern with 78% to 100% accuracy.

Conclusions—
Multiparametric voxel-based MRI and CT models were developed to predict the extent of infarct core and overall penumbral pattern status in patients with acute ischemic stroke who may be candidates for late recanalization therapies. These models provide an alternative approach to mismatch in predicting ultimate tissue fate.
Leukoaraiosis and Sex Predict the Hyperacute Ischemic Core Volume
Authors: Henninger Nils , Lin Eugene , Haussen Diogo C. , Lehman Laura L. , Takhtani Deepak , Selim Magdy , Moonis Majaz 
Published: December 2012

Background and Purpose—
Leukoaraiosis (LA) and male sex have been associated with decreased cerebrovascular reactivity, which potentially adversely affects tissue viability in acute stroke. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the contribution of LA-severity and sex to the extent of the hyperacute ischemic core volume after intracranial large artery occlusion.

Methods—
We analyzed data from 87 patients with acute intracranial large artery occlusion who had acute multimodal computed tomography-imaging. LA-severity was assessed using the van Swieten scale on noncontrast computed tomography. Computed tomography perfusion data were analyzed using automatic calculation of the mean transit time and hyperacute cerebral blood volume defects. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of the hyperacute infarct-volume.

Results—

Severe LA (van Swieten Scale, 3–4; odds ratio, 43.22; 95% CI, 6.26–298.42;
P
<0.001) and male sex (odds ratio, 7.52; 95% CI, 1.38–40.86;
P
=0.020) were independently associated with a hyperacute cerebral blood volume-lesion >25 mL on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed the association between severe LA (
P
<0.001) and male sex (
P
=0.01) with larger cerebral blood volume-lesions. There was no significant difference in the absolute or relative mean transit time-lesion volumes when stratified by LA-severity or sex. Women had significantly smaller cerebral blood volume-lesion volumes compared with men (
P
=0.036).

Conclusions—
Severe LA and male sex are associated with larger infarct cores, which adds to the notion that sex and LA alter the brain’s intrinsic susceptibility to acute cerebral ischemia. Future, larger studies are needed to confirm our observation that women have smaller core volumes and its significance.