bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Differences in the Home Environment and Physical Activity Behaviors among Low-Income, Minority Preschoolers in Texas
Authors: Chuang Ru-Jye , Sharma Shreela , Skala Katie , Evans Alexandra 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. To evaluate the ethnic differences in the home physical activity and screen time environment of preschoolers enrolled in Head Start. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Sixteen Harris County Department of Education (HCDE) Head Start centers, Texas. Subjects. Seven hundred and six preschoolers enrolled in HCDE Head Start centers and their parents. Measures. Items from the parent-reported Healthy Home Survey evaluating the home physical activity environment and the Nutrition Screening form evaluating screen time. Analysis. Mixed model linear and logistic regression analysis. Results. Of the parents, 75.06% were overweight or obese. Hispanic parents were more likely to have a yard or open space (p = .014) and usable play equipment in the yard (p = .019) for their children to play in compared to African-Americans. Conversely, more African-American parents reported having a television (TV) in their preschooler's bedroom (p = .032) and were less likely to cut down their child's TV viewing time (p = .036). African-American preschoolers were reportedly more likely to eat while watching TV (p = .009), play video games for ≥ 2 hours on weekdays (p = .018) and have computer time for ≥ 2 hours on weekends (p = .007), compared to Hispanics. Conclusion. The Hispanic participants of this study had a healthier home environment for physical activity and screen time as compared with their African-American counterparts. Future interventions targeting lifestyle change need to address these factors in an ethnic-specific manner.
Effects of Social Injustice on Breast Health—Seeking Behaviors of Low-Income Women
Authors: Bowen Shelly-Ann , Williams Edith M. , Stoneberg-Cooper Chayah M. , Glover Saundra H. , Williams Michelle S. , Byrd Michael D. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. The study uses qualitative research to gain a better understanding of what occurs after low-income women receive an abnormal breast screening and the factors that influence their decisions and behavior. A heuristic model is presented for understanding this complexity. Design. Qualitative research methods used to elicited social and cultural themes related to breast cancer screening follow-up. Setting. Individual telephone interviews were conducted with 16 women with confirmed breast anomaly. Participants. Low-income women screened through a national breast cancer early detection program. Method. Grounded theory using selective coding was employed to elicit factors that influenced the understanding and follow-up of an abnormal breast screening result. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and uploaded into NVivo 8, a qualitative management and analysis software package. Results. For women (16, or 72% of case management referrals) below 250% of the poverty level, the impact of social and economic inequities creates a psychosocial context underlined by structural and cultural barriers to treatment that forecasts the mechanism that generates differences in health outcomes. The absence of insurance due to underemployment and unemployment and inadequate public infrastructure intensified emotional stress impacting participants' health decisions. Conclusion. The findings that emerged offer explanations of how consistent patterns of social injustice impact treatment decisions in a high-risk vulnerable population that have implications for health promotion research and systems-level program improvement and development.
Health Behavior and Behavioral Economics: Economic Preferences and Physical Activity Stages of Change in a Low-Income African-American Community
Authors: Leonard Tammy , Shuval Kerem , de Oliveira Angela , Skinner Celette Sugg , Eckel Catherine , Murdoch James C. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. To examine the relationship between physical activity stages of change and preferences for financial risk and time. Design. A cross-sectional, community-based study. Setting. A low-income, urban, African-American neighborhood. Subjects. One hundred sixty-nine adults. Measures. Self-reported physical activity stages of change—precontemplation to maintenance, objectively measured body mass index and waist circumference, and economic preferences for time and risk measured via incentivized economic experiments. Analysis. Multivariable ordered logistic regression models were used to examine the association between physical activity stages of change and economic preferences while controlling for demographic characteristics of the individuals. Results. Individuals who are more tolerant of financial risks (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, p < .05) and whose time preferences indicate more patience (OR = 1.68, p < .01) are more likely to be in a more advanced physical activity stage (e.g., from preparation to action). The likelihood of being in the maintenance stage increases by 5.6 and 10.9 percentage points for each one-unit increase in financial risk tolerance or one-unit increase in the time preference measure, respectively. Conclusion. Greater tolerance of financial risk and more patient time preferences among this low-income ethnic minority population are associated with a more advanced physical activity stage. Further exploration is clearly warranted in larger and more representative samples.
Associations between Body Mass Index and Park Proximity, Size, Cleanliness, and Recreational Facilities
Authors: Rundle Andrew , Quinn James , Lovasi Gina , Bader Michael D. M. , Yousefzadeh Paulette , Weiss Christopher , Neckerman Kathryn 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. To determine whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with proximity to neighborhood parks, the size of the parks, their cleanliness, and the availability of recreational facilities in the parks. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. New York City. Subjects. Adults (13,102) were recruited from 2000 to 2002 (median age 45 years, 36% male). Measures. Anthropometric and sociodemographic data from study subjects were linked to Department of Parks & Recreation data on park space, cleanliness, and facilities. Neighborhood-level sociodemographic and park proximity metrics were created for half-mile–radius circular buffers around each subject's residence. Proximity to park space was measured as the proportion of the subject's neighborhood buffer area that was total park space, large park space (a park > 6 acres) and small park space (a park #6 acres). Analysis. Hierarchical linear models were used to determine whether neighborhood park metrics were associated with BMI. Results. Higher proximity to large park space was significantly associated with lower BMI (beta = −1.69, 95% confidence interval = −2.76, –.63). Across the population distribution of proximity to large park space, compared to subjects living in neighborhoods at the 10th percentile of the distribution, the covariate-adjusted average BMI was estimated to be .35 kg/m2 lower for those living in neighborhoods at the 90th percentile. The proportion of neighborhood area that was small park space was not associated with BMI, nor was park cleanliness or the availability of recreational facilities. Conclusion. Neighborhood proximity to large park spaces is modestly associated with lower BMI in a diverse urban population.
A Descriptive Evaluation of CDC's LEAN Works! Leading Employees to Activity and Nutrition—A Web-Based Employer Tool for Workplace Obesity Management
Authors: Roemer Enid C. , Liss-Levinson Rivka C. , Samoly Daniel K. , Guy Gery P. , Tabrizi Maryam J. , Beckowski Meghan S. , Pei Xiaofei , Goetzel Ron Z. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. The study aim was to determine the utility of and satisfaction with a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Web-based employer tool, CDC's LEAN Works!, which provides evidence-based recommendations and promising practices for obesity prevention and control at worksites. Design. This study examined employers' natural usage (i.e., without any study parameters on how, when, or how much to use the Web site and its resources) and impressions of the Web site. Setting. Employers of varying sizes, industry types, and levels of maturity in offering obesity management programs and from both private and public sectors were recruited to participate in the study. Participants. A convenience sample of 29 employers enrolled to participate. Method. Participants were followed over a 12-month period. First impressions, bimonthly use of the Web site, and final assessments were collected using self-report surveys and individual interviews. Descriptive analyses were conducted. Results. Almost all (96%) of participants reported a positive experience with the Web site, noting it provided a wealth of information. Most reported they planned to continue to use the Web site to develop (77%), implement (92%), and evaluate (85%) their obesity management programs. Aspects of the Web site that employers found valuable included a step-by-step implementation process, templates and toolkits, specific recommendations, and promising practices. Conclusion. CDC's LEAN Works! is a useful resource for employers wishing to develop and implement evidence-based workplace obesity prevention programs.
Young People and School GCSE Attainment: Exploring the ‘Middle’
Authors: Connelly Roxanne , Murray Susan J. , Gayle Vernon 
Published: March 2013

The term ‘missing middle’ has been used to describe the position of ordinary young people in youth research. There have been recent appeals for youth researchers to concentrate upon the lives of ordinary young people and to better document their educational experiences through the secondary analysis of large-scale social surveys. This paper presents a series of exploratory analyses that attempt to identify the school-level educational attainment and social characteristics of ordinary young people using contemporary survey data. We undertake a series of exploratory analyses of data from the British Household Panel Survey. These data cover the period directly after General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) qualifications were introduced. The dataset provides measures of school attainment and suitable individual, household and parental measures. We detect gender differences in school GCSE performance, with females outperforming males. There are some effects due to differences in parental education levels and household circumstances. There is a large group of young people who fail to gain any GCSEs, their attainment falls far short of benchmark standards, and has negative consequences. In contrast gaining a moderate level of GCSEs at school has a positive effect in relation to employment in early adulthood. Our analyses fail to convince us that there are distinctive, or discrete, categories of GCSE attainment. The evidence explored here persuades us that there are no crisp boundaries that mark out a ‘middle’ category of moderate GCSE attainment. We conclude that there are clear benefits to understanding school attainment as being located upon a continuum, and that measures which reflect the heterogeneity of GCSE performance as fully as possible should be preferred.
Morphological, biochemical and sensory characteristics of black mulberry fruits (Morus nigra L.)
Authors: Brindza Ján , Kucelová Lucia , Sinica Andrej , Stehlí­ková Beáta , Čuláková Marcela 
Published: March 2013

This work aimed at the morphological, biochemical, technological and sensorial determination of black mulberry (Morus nigra L. – MN) fruitage and their utilization in the food production branches. For the experimental purposes were selected 50 genotypes of this population grown in the Pukanec surroundings. The medium fruitage weight determined in the selected collection ranged from 7.26 g (MN-1) to 1.42 g (MN-14), fruitage length in a range of 13.51 mm (MN-14) to 29.20 mm (MN-12) and the medium fruitage width 11.88 mm (MN-14) – 21.12 mm (MN-2). The variability of the evaluated traits varried from low to high degree. Juice yield from matured fruitage achieved 62.40 %. From black mulberry fruitages 16 food products were prepared – juice mixed with cream, yoghurt and/or curd (in several proportions) and 3 confectionery products. Sensorial analyses showed significant differences among tested products. In the group of confectionery products was generally preferred the cream-mulberry cake. High values of antioxidative activity has been measured in the chocolate cake with a mulberry jam (36.90 – 28.43 %), followed by the cream-mulberry cake (29.78 – 12.71 %) and the fresh mulberry juice (30.97 – 20.17 %). The antioxidation activities exerted generally higher values with the samples tested in water, when compared with those prepared in ethanol extract. Based on the gained results 4 genotypes were selected and recommended for the use in practice, as these provided relative high values of tested traits.
Lymphoproliferative Neoplasms of the Lung: A Review
Authors: William Josette , Variakojis Daina , Yeldandi Anjana , Raparia Kirtee 
Published: March 2013

Context.—Diagnosis and classification of lymphomas are based on the morphologic, immunologic, and genetic features that the lesional cells share with their normal B and T lymphocyte counterparts. Primary pulmonary lymphomas account for 0.3% of primary lung neoplasms and less than 0.5% of all lymphomas.Objective.—To describe and summarize the clinical and histopathologic features of the primary pulmonary lymphoma and secondary involvement of the lung by lymphoma.Data Sources.—Peer-reviewed published literature and personal experience.Conclusions.—Diagnosis of clonal lymphoid proliferations in the lung has evolved owing to the greater utility of molecular and flow cytometric analysis of tissue. Further studies are needed to best define the clinical and prognostic features, as well as search for targeted therapy for these patients with rare neoplasms.
Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies: A Focus on the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors
Authors: Gabardi Steven 
Published: March 2013

Objective To review the history of risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mToR) inhibitors, evaluate their required REMS elements, and delineate the reasons for them being released from their REMS requirements. Data Sources and Extraction Articles were identified through a literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE (January 2007-July 2012) using the search terms: risk evaluation and mitigation strategies, REMS, everolimus, sirolimus and organ transplant (individual organs also were searched). Information from the Federal Register, the Food and Drug Administration, and the manufacturers of the mToR inhibitors was also evaluated. Data Synthesis REMS are strategies implemented to manage known or potential risks associated with medications and to ensure ongoing pharmacovigilance throughout the life of a pharmaceutical product. The mToR inhibitors have been associated with several potential risks, including proteinuria, graft thrombosis, and wound-healing complications. The Food and Drug Administration approved REMS programs for both sirolimus and everolimus. The manufacturers of both medications complied with the components of their approved REMS, but after less than 2 years, both medications have been relieved of their REMS obligations. Conclusion The only element of the sirolimus REMS was a medication guide, whereas the everolimus REMS consisted of a medication guide and a communication plan. The sirolimus REMS was implemented more than 10 years after its initial approval by the Food and Drug Administration, but was released from its REMS requirement within 7 months of its implementation. The everolimus REMS was instituted upon initial approval and was removed approximately 2 years later. Both medications' REMS were always intended to educate health care providers and patients about the potential risks associated with this transplant immunosuppressant. Transplant practitioners should be familiar with the mToR inhibitors' associated risks and properly educate patients regarding the inhibitors' risk-benefit profiles.
Parcours identitaires des minorités involontaires au Manitoba français : vers une éthique en matière de dialogue, de réciprocité et d’éducation interculturelle
Authors: Labrèche Yves , Piquemal Nathalie 
Published: March 2013

Dans cet article, nous prendrons un certain recul par rapport aux données concrètes colligées dans le contexte de nos diverses interventions (entrevues, entretiens, observation participante, forums et tables rondes communautaires) en milieu francophone minoritaire et, plus précisément, auprès des Métis francophones d’une part et, d’autre part, auprès de familles réfugiées. Nous proposons ainsi une réflexion afin de trouver des zones d’aménagement favorables à la réciprocité, au dialogue et à la résilience des minorités involontaires. Ce décloisonnement et ces rapprochements pourront d’abord surprendre, mais le lecteur découvrira toute la pertinence de réfléchir au « vivre ensemble » dans le contexte des flux migratoires et de la mouvance identitaire qui affectent, entre autres, les collectivités francophones de l’Ouest canadien. Nous traiterons d’interculturel et d’éthique, là où se rejoignent nos axes et intérêts de recherche (éducation, langue et culture) et les valeurs que nous défendons. Nous insisterons sur le mariage « recherche et enseignement » dans la mesure où il permet une meilleure mobilisation des connaissances en agissant à la source, en sensibilisant tôt les citoyens de demain, qui comprendront mieux que les générations précédentes la diversité ethnoculturelle ainsi que les enjeux et les défis qui lui sont associés. Ne seront-ils pas ainsi plus en mesure d’agir avec pertinence grâce à des compétences interculturelles et des pratiques d’accommodement auxquelles ils auront été exposés dès le plus jeune âge?
Imaging Tumor Cell Movement In Vivo
Authors: Entenberg David , Kedrin Dmitriy , Wyckoff Jeffrey , Sahai Erik , Condeelis John , Segall Jeffrey E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis unit describes the methods that we have been developing for analyzing tumor cell motility in mouse and rat models of breast cancer metastasis. Rodents are commonly used both to provide a mammalian system for studying human tumor cells (as xenografts in immunocompromised mice) as well as for following the development of tumors from a specific tissue type in transgenic lines. The Basic Protocol in this unit describes the standard methods used for generation of mammary tumors and imaging them. Additional protocols for labeling macrophages, blood vessel imaging, and image analysis are also included. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 58:19.7.1‐19.7.19. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chemoselective Synthesis of N‐Substituted α‐Amino‐α′‐chloro Ketones via Chloromethylation of Glycine‐Derived Weinreb Amides
Authors: Pace Vittorio , Holzer Wolfgang , Verniest Guido , Alcántara Andrés R. , De Kimpe Norbert 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFunctionalized α‐arylamino‐α′‐chloro ketones are obtained in high yield via a straightforward homologation reaction of Weinreb amides derived from N‐arylglycines using in situ generated chloromethyllithium. The use of the Weinreb amides is essential and allows the chemoselective homologation of N‐aryl‐N‐substituted glycine analogues, a transformation which is not possible using similar glycine esters. The procedure is promising for the large‐scale preparation of α‐amino‐α′‐chloropropanones, which are valuable precursors for a variety of bioactive compounds.
Evaluation of aminoquinoline‐imprinted polymers and the recognition mechanism
Authors: Zhang Tieli , Liu Feng , Li Kean 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThree molecularly imprinted polymers P(2‐AQ), P(3‐AQ), and P(8‐AQ) based on methacrylic acid (MAA)–ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were prepared using isomers 2‐aminoquinoline (2‐AQ), 3‐aminoquinoline (3‐AQ), and 8‐aminoquinoline (8‐AQ) as template, respectively, by non‐covalent bulk polymerization technique. Neither P(3‐AQ) nor P(8‐AQ) exhibited imprinting effect for 3‐AQ or 8‐AQ, whereas P(2‐AQ) showed significant imprinting effect for 2‐AQ. This indicates that the position of amino group on the quinoline ring has crucial influence on imprinting effect. The recognition mechanism of P(2‐AQ) was investigated extensively by such methods as selective experiments, comparative study with 2‐aminopyridine‐imprinted polymer, and effect of different kinds of mobile phases. It is confirmed that there are complementary cavities in P(2‐AQ) both in size and in the arrangement of functional groups to 2‐AQ, and MAA binds 2‐AQ via cyclic hydrogen bond. Furthermore, the influence of synthetic conditions on 2‐AQ‐imprinted polymers was explored. We found 2‐AQ‐imprinted polymer synthesized in acetonitrile porogen showed higher imprinting effect for 2‐AQ than that prepared in chloroform. It is deduced that the morphology of the former might be more favorable to 2‐AQ binding, which is also supported indirectly by the fluorimetric experiments estimating the interaction of 2‐AQ with MAA in these two porogens. Additionally, 2‐AQ‐imprinted polymers prepared using two different amounts of acetonitrile exhibited very different imprinting effects, which suggested that porogen amount used in the imprinting process exerted significant influence. In addition to the in‐depth elucidation of the recognition mechanism of 2‐AQ‐imprinted polymer, this article provides the basis for the separation and enrichment of bioactive 2‐AQ. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Pervaporation separation of dimethyl carbonate/methanol mixtures with regenerated perfluoro‐ion‐exchange membranes in chlor‐alkali industry
Authors: Lang Wan‐Zhong , Niu Hai‐Yan , Liu Ya‐Xin , Liu Chun‐Xia , Guo Ya‐Jun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe waste perfluoro‐ion‐exchange membranes (PFIEMs) in chlor‐alkali industry were regenerated and used to the separation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/methanol (MeOH) mixtures by pervaporation process. The energy‐dispersive spectrum (EDS) demonstrates that the impurities on the surfaces of waste PFIEMs can be effectively cleared by the regeneration process. The degree of swelling, sorption, and pervaporation properties of the regenerated PFIEMs with different counter ions were investigated. The results indicate that the counter ions of PFIEMs conspicuously influence the degree of swelling, sorption, and pervaporation properties for DMC/MeOH mixtures. The degree of swelling and solubility selectivity both decreases with the alkali metal counter ions in the sequence: Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Cs+. The degree of swelling increases with MeOH concentration increasing in feed liquid. The pervaporation measurements illustrate that the permeation flux decreases and the separation factor increases with the rising in ion radius of counter ions. The increase of feed concentration (MeOH) and feed temperature is advantageous to improve permeation flux while at the cost of separation factor decreasing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013