bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis: de novo combination of nucleos(t)ide analogs and pegylated interferon alpha versus pegylated interferon alpha monotherapy for the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Wei Na , Zheng Bin , Cai Hongfu , Li Na , Yang Jing , Liu Maobai 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a worldwide infectious disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). Optimizing antiviral treatment strategies could improve the functional cure (FC) rate of patients with CHB. This study aims to systematically review the FC rate of the de novo combination of nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) and pegylated interferon α (PEG-IFNα) versus that of PEG-IFNα monotherapy for CHB.Methods: Databases were searched until 31 December 2023. Selected studies included randomized controlled trials on the de novo combination of NAs and PEG-IFNα versus PEG-IFNα monotherapy for 48 weeks in patients with CHB to achieve FC, which was defined as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and/or HBsAg seroconversion. Meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the efficacy at the end of treatment and different time points during follow-up.Results: A total of 10 studies, encompassing 2,339 patients in total, were included. Subgroup analysis was conducted in accordance with whether first-line NAs were used. It found no statistically significant difference between HBsAg loss and HBsAg seroconversion at the end of treatment. Serum HBV DNA &lt;500 copies/mL significantly differed between the two groups at the end of treatment and did not significantly differ during follow-up. Meanwhile, HBsAg loss and HBsAg seroconversion showed statistically significant differences at 24 weeks of follow-up. By contrast, no statistically significant difference was found in HBsAg loss at 48 weeks of follow-up.Discussion: Without distinguishing the eligible preponderant population, the efficacy of the de novo combination of NAs and PEG-IFNα in treating patients with CHB was not superior to that of PEG-IFNα monotherapy.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022325239.
A point prevalence survey and monitoring indicator research on the second batch of national key monitoring and rational use drugs
Authors: Tang Li , Liu Hongmei , Wu Shasha , Liu Jing , Jiang Xiaoyu , Fu Yuanyuan , Tao Na , He Yong 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundWith the remarkable effect of controlling the increase in drug costs by the first batch of National Key Monitoring and Rational Use Drugs (first NKMRUDs), the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China releases the second NKMRUDs to further strengthen the reasonable use of drugs. Unfortunately, the second NKMRUDs include some drugs of National Volume-based Procurement and National Essential Medicines, which challenges the management of pharmaceutical affairs on the three kinds of drugs.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the second NKMRUDs and explore their monitoring indicators.MethodsAn adapted WHO methodology for point prevalence surveys was conducted for the second NKMRUDs. For the monitoring indicators, we sought to explore whether the defined daily dose (DDD) and days of therapy (DOT) can be suitable for the second NKMRUDs through comparing differences between DDD and DOT with the prescribed daily dose (PDD).ResultsAmong the 935 included patients, 29.20% of the patients received at least one of the second NKMRUDs. A total of 273 patients were administered with 487 times of the second NKMRUDs. Among them, 162 , 62 , and 49 patients were receiving one, two, and three or more agents, respectively. The most commonly prescribed second NKMRUDs were compound amino acids, budesonide, and ceftazidime. The total DDDs and DOTs of the second NKMRUDs were 3360.68 and 1819.80, respectively, with the PDDs of 1865.26. The deviations (80.17%) of DDDs from PDDs were significantly greater than those (−2.44%) of DOTs.ConclusionThe prevalence of the second NKMRUDs was obtained by using the adapted PPS methodology at a tertiary university hospital. The DOT indicator is found to more accurately reflect actual consumption than the DDD indicator for second NKMRUDs. It is recommended to use the DOT indicator to monitor second NKMRUDs.
Worry and ruminative brooding: associations with cognitive and physical health in older adults
Authors: Morse Rachel M. , Koutsoubelis Freya , Whitfield Tim , Demnitz-King Harriet , Ourry Valentin , Stott Josh , Chocat Anne , Devouge Eglantine Ferrand , Walker Zuzana , Klimecki Olga , Collette Fabienne , Chetelat Gael , Gonneaud Julie , Poisnel Geraldine , Marchant Natalie L. ,   for the Medit-Ageing Research Group
Published: July 2024

IntroductionMental health conditions are associated with cognition and physical function in older adults. We examined whether worry and ruminative brooding, key symptoms of certain mental health conditions, are related to subjective and/or objective measures of cognitive and physical (cardiovascular) health.MethodsWe used baseline data from 282 participants from the SCD-Well and Age-Well trials (178 female; agemean = 71.1 years). We measured worry and ruminative brooding using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and the Ruminative Response Scale-brooding subscale. We assessed subjective physical health using the WHOQOL-Bref physical subscale, and objective physical health via blood pressure and modified versions of the Framingham Risk Score and Charlson Comorbidity Index. With subjective and objective cognition, we utilized the Cognitive Difficulties Scale and a global composite (modified Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite, PACC5, with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, category fluency, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2, and either the California Verbal Learning Test or the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test). We conducted linear regressions, adjusted for education, age, sex and cohort.ResultsWorry and ruminative brooding were negatively associated with subjective physical health (worry: β = −0.245, 95%CI −0.357 to −0.133, p &lt; 0.001; ruminative brooding: β = −0.224, 95%CI −0.334 to −0.113, p &lt; 0.001) and subjective cognitive difficulties (worry: β = 0.196, 95%CI 0.091 to 0.302, p &lt; 0.001; ruminative brooding: β = 0.239, 95%CI 0.133 to 0.346, p &lt; 0.001). We did not observe associations between worry or ruminative brooding and any measure of objective health.DiscussionWorry and ruminative brooding may be common mechanisms associated with subjective but not objective health. Alternatively, cognitively unimpaired older adults may become aware of subtle changes not captured by objective measures used in this study. Interventions reducing worry and ruminative brooding may promote subjective physical and cognitive health; however, more research is needed to determine causality of the relationships.
Digital assessment of cognition in neurodegenerative disease: a data driven approach leveraging artificial intelligence
Authors: Libon David J. , Swenson Rod , Price Catherine C. , Lamar Melissa , Cosentino Stephanie , Bezdicek Ondrej , Kling Mitchel A. , Tobyne Sean , Jannati Ali , Banks Russell , Pascual-Leone Alvaro 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionA rapid and reliable neuropsychological protocol is essential for the efficient assessment of neurocognitive constructs related to emergent neurodegenerative diseases. We developed an AI-assisted, digitally administered/scored neuropsychological protocol that can be remotely administered in ~10 min. This protocol assesses the requisite neurocognitive constructs associated with emergent neurodegenerative illnesses.MethodsThe protocol was administered to 77 ambulatory care/memory clinic patients (56.40% women; 88.50% Caucasian). The protocol includes a 6-word version of the Philadelphia (repeatable) Verbal Learning Test [P(r)VLT], three trials of 5 digits backward from the Backwards Digit Span Test (BDST), and the “animal” fluency test. The protocol provides a comprehensive set of traditional “core” measures that are typically obtained through paper-and-pencil tests (i.e., serial list learning, immediate and delayed free recall, recognition hits, percent correct serial order backward digit span, and “animal” fluency output). Additionally, the protocol includes variables that quantify errors and detail the processes used in administering the tests. It also features two separate, norm-referenced summary scores specifically designed to measure executive control and memory.ResultsUsing four core measures, we used cluster analysis to classify participants into four groups: cognitively unimpaired (CU; n = 23), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 17), dysexecutive MCI (n = 23), and dementia (n = 14). Subsequent analyses of error and process variables operationally defined key features of amnesia (i.e., rapid forgetting, extra-list intrusions, profligate responding to recognition foils); key features underlying reduced executive abilities (i.e., BDST items and dysexecutive errors); and the strength of the semantic association between successive responses on the “animal” fluency test. Executive and memory index scores effectively distinguished between all four groups. There was over 90% agreement between how cluster analysis of digitally obtained measures classified patients compared to classification using a traditional comprehensive neuropsychological protocol. The correlations between digitally obtained outcome variables and analogous paper/pencil measures were robust.DiscussionThe digitally administered protocol demonstrated a capacity to identify patterns of impaired performance and classification similar to those observed with standard paper/pencil neuropsychological tests. The inclusion of both core measures and detailed error/process variables suggests that this protocol can detect subtle, nuanced signs of early emergent neurodegenerative illness efficiently and comprehensively.
Promoting health and productivity management in small companies through outreach-based public-private partnership: the Yokohama Linkworker Project
Authors: Kai Yuko , Fujii Yuya , Takashi Naoki , Yoshiba Kaori , Muramatsu-Noguchi Yuko , Noda Takayuki , Jindo Takashi , Kidokoro Tetsuhiro , Yajima Yoko , Kasuga Junko , Arao Takashi 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionWith health promotion initiatives in small companies lagging behind those in larger corporations, strengthening health and productivity management in small companies through innovative strategies is an urgent priority. We hypothesized that an outreach strategy involving a public-private partnership would be beneficial for this purpose. The present study examines the implementation of a public-private partnership strategy in Yokohama City, Japan, assessing its impact on health and productivity management in small enterprises, focusing on implementation outcomes.MethodsAs part of the Yokohama Linkworker Project (Y-Link Project), this study describes and examines a public-private partnership program in Yokohama City, Japan, involving the city’s government and a private life insurance company. Trained insurance sales representatives served as “Linkworkers” for the program, reaching out to small enterprises in the city. These Linkworkers provided tailored support to these companies, assisting them with obtaining the “Yokohama Health and Productivity Management Certification” issued by the City of Yokohama authorities and collaborating with external entities to offer health promotion programs for employees. Program interventions took place from August to September 2020. The RE-AIM framework was utilized to evaluate the Project. Data were extracted from Linkworkers’ activity records, certification records, the Linkworker survey, and follow-up surveys with participating companies at 6– and 18– months post-interventions.ResultsWithin 2 months, 71 Linkworkers visited 500 companies (50% were small firms, &lt;50 employees). Among them, 224 (45%) enterprises received certifications, contributing to an increased regional certification rate. Linkworker-assisted companies tended to be significantly smaller in size. The odds ratios of implementing workplace health promotion programs in certified firms, compared to non-certified firms, were 4.09 (95% CI: 1.79–9.35) at 6 months and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.04–5.11) at 18 months. For small firms, the odds ratios were 6.87 (95% CI: 1.74–27.06) at 6 months and 3.42 (95% CI: 1.17–10.03) at 18 months. The certification retention rate at 24 months was 60%, irrespective of company size. Linkworkers perceived the outreach strategy as having a positive impact on their primary operations.ConclusionThe Y-Link Project’s outreach strategy enhanced health and productivity management in small enterprises in Yokohama City, enabling long-term health promotion programs addressing program availability disparities related to company size.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of Hepatitis E virus infection in Zhejiang Province: a multicenter case–control study
Authors: Chen Yijuan , Gao Jian , Sun Wanwan , Zhu Weiping , Wang Pingping , Ren Xiaobin , Wu Yumeng , Zhang Jianli , Miao Ziping 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionHepatitis E (HE), caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV), is a significant cause of acute viral hepatitis globally and a major public health concern, particularly in specific high-prevalence areas in China, which have diverse transmission routes and regional differences. Identifying the primary risk factors for HE transmission is essential to develop targeted interventions for vulnerable populations.MethodsThis study employed a 1:1 matched case–control methodology, using a standardized questionnaire complemented by medical records for data validation.ResultsAmong the 442 HE cases and 428 healthy controls, the case group had a higher prevalence of fatigue (46.21%) and loss of appetite (43.84%) compared to the control group. Furthermore, liver function indicators were significantly higher in the case group, with an average alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level of 621.94 U/L and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level of 411.53 U/L. Severe HE patients were predominantly male, with significantly increased ALT and AST levels reaching 1443.81 U/L and 862.31 U/L respectively, along with a higher incidence of fatigue (90%) and loss of appetite (75%). Multifactorial analysis indicated that frequent dining out (OR = 2.553, 95%CI:1.686–3.868), poor hygiene conditions (OR = 3.889, 95%CI:1.399–10.807), and comorbid chronic illnesses (OR = 2.275, 95%CI:1.616–3.202) were risk factors for HE infection; conversely, good hygiene practices were protective factors against HE infection (OR = 0.698, 95%CI:0.521–0.934).ConclusionIn conclusion, HE infection in Zhejiang Province is closely associated with dietary habits and environmental hygiene, and individuals with chronic diseases or co-infections are at increased risk. This highlights the need for targeted health education to reduce the incidence of HE among these populations.
Analysis on epidemiological and drug resistance characteristics of lymph node tuberculosis from Hunan province, China
Authors: Fang Tanwei , Xiang Yu , Li Wenbin , Liu Binbin , Liu Haican , Wu Yaning , Xu Da , Li Machao , Yang Shuliu , Li Jixiang , Yu Yanyan , Zhao Xiuqin , Zhao Li-li , Wan Kanglin , Yuan Xiuqin , Tan Yunhong , Li Guilian 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical epidemiological and drug resistance (DR) characteristics of lymph node tuberculosis (LNTB) in Hunan Province which locates in South-central China, and to provide scientific clues for effective prevention and treatment of LNTB.MethodsWe retrospectively collected LNTB patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positive at Hunan Chest Hospital, the biggest TB reference hospital in South-central China, from January 2013 to December 2021. The multiple demographic, clinical and drug susceptibility data of patients were collected from the hospital’s electronic patient records. Descriptive statistical methods, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were employed as statistical methods.ResultsOf the 577 LNTB cases, 373 (64.64%) were males, 352 (61.01%) were farmers; majority (161, 33.10%) aged at 20–29 years old; 147 (25.48%) had simple LNTB, 350 (60.66%) had LNTB combined with pulmonary TB (PTB) (defined as LNTB-PTB), and 80 (13.86%) had LNTB combined with other extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) (defined as LNTB-EPTB). A total of 345 (59.79%, 345/577) LNTB patients had cervical node infection, and the simple LNTB patients (81.63%, 120/147) had higher proportion of this infection than LNTB-PTB (51.71%, 181/350) and LNTB-EPTB (55.00%, 44/80) (both p values &lt;0.017), respectively. LNTB-EPTB was more inclined to have abdominal tuberculous LNs (20%, 16/80) and at least four tuberculous lesions (22.50%, 18/80) than simple LNTB and LNTB-PTB. Seventy-seven (13.34%) and 119 (20.62%) were resistant to rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), respectively; 72 (12.48%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), and a total of 150 (26.00%) were DR (resistant to at least one of RIF, INH, ethambutol and streptomycin). LNTB patients aged 30–34 and 50–54 years old (compared to those aged &lt;30 years) were independent predictors of RIF resistance (RR) (ORs were 3.47 and 2.83, respectively; 95% CIs were 1.64–7.35 and 1.08–7.46, respectively).ConclusionOur study disclosed the epidemiological and DR characteristics of LNTB in Hunan Province, China. High LNTB prevalence was found in younger people while high RR LNTB prevalence was found in older ones, suggesting that we should conduct further studies to clarify the occurrence of RR in LNTB, meanwhile, strengthen the diagnoses and treatments of LNTB to prevent the emergence of RR.
Mixed-methods approach in evaluating safe abortion care services at public health facilities in North Shewa zone, central Ethiopia: a multicenter institutional cross-sectional study
Authors: Tamire Aklilu , Birhanu Bezawit , Negash Abraham , Dechasa Mesay , Masrie Awoke , Shawel Samrawit , Dereje Jerman , Gebru Tilaye , Kassa Tafesse Obsan , Mengistu Dechasa Adare , Sertsu Addisu , Daka Dawit Wolde 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundOf the 55.7 million abortions that were performed globally, 25.1 million (45.1%) were not safe. Nearly 97% of these took place in developing countries. Approximately 71% of economically developed countries allow safe abortion care (SAC) services, whereas only 16% of developing countries permit it. In sub-Saharan Africa, 92% of mothers live in 43 countries where SAC services are restricted by law. Most Ethiopian women continue to self-terminate unwanted pregnancies in hazardous conditions. The aim of this evaluation was to assess input, care providers’ compliance with national guidelines, and clients’ satisfaction.MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional study design with a mixed-methods approach was used. Seven public health facilities were randomly selected where 75 health caseworkers were directly observed; 296 clients and 14 key informants were interviewed, respectively. A resource inventory checklist was used to assess all inputs. The overall SAC services evaluation was summarized from 40 indicators: 13 resource availability indicators, 14 healthcare workers' compliance to national guidelines indicators, and 13 clients' satisfaction toward SAC services indicators. A multivariate logistic regression model was fit to determine factors that affect client satisfaction at a p-value &lt;0.005.ResultsThere were 75 healthcare providers in the maternal and child health departments in the study area. Except for the interruption of water and electricity, maternal waiting area, counseling, and procedural room, all are available making 94% of resources availability. All healthcare workers were compliant in providing anti-pain medication during procedures, identifying clients if they were targeted for an HIV/AIDS test, and providing their test results as per the guideline. Nevertheless, they were poorly compliant in respecting the clients (9, 12%) and taking vital sign (33, 44%). The overall compliance was 62.3%, while only 51% were satisfied with waiting time and privacy of counseling room. The overall client satisfaction was 65%. The overall evaluation of SAC services was 72.9%.ConclusionResource availability was excellent, which was in line with national SAC expectations while the healthcare workers’ compliance to national guidelines was fair, which deviated from expectations. The clients’ satisfaction and the overall evaluation were good, which was below the hypothesized expectation.
Antidepressants of The Last Decades: New Mechanisms, New Opportunities
Authors: Евсегнеев Р.А. 
Published: July 2024

Статья представляет собой краткий обзор современной литературы по истории создания, направлениям поиска, механизмам действия антидепрессантов в последние 3–4 десятилетия. Обсуждаются основные результаты, достижения и трудности на этом пути, эволюция взглядов психиатров за этот период, включая личный опыт автора, а также перспективы и дальнейшие направления поиска.
The article provides a brief review on the historical background, prerequisites, directions of the search, the operating mechanisms of the antidepressants during last 3–4 decades. The main results, achievements and hardships on this traversed path, the evolution of views of practical psychiatrists (including first-hand experience of the author), as well as impending perspectives and some direction of further investigation are also discussed.
The Effect of Oncological Diseases on Motor and Visual-Motor Functions in Children
Authors: Девятерикова А.А. 
Published: July 2024

Совершенствование методов лечения приводит к тому, что с каждым годом увеличивается количество детей, которые успешно завершили лечение онкологического заболевания. Но, несмотря на это, у детей остаются последствия самого заболевания и его лечения, которые требуют дополнительной работы, чтобы дети могли успешно интегрироваться в общество и получить образование. Заболевание и его лечение приводят к различным нарушениям, в том числе нарушению когнитивных, моторных и зрительно-моторных функций. Эти функции вносят значимый вклад в успешность школьного обучения и нарушаются у детей, переживших онкологические заболевания. В настоящее время существует множество способов восстановления когнитивных функций, однако моторные и зрительно-моторные функции часто не оказываются в фокусе внимания специалистов, занимающихся реабилитацией. Целью данного обзора была оценка распространенности моторных и зрительно-моторных нарушений среди детей, переживших онкологические заболевания различного генеза. Кроме того, были описаны вклад моторных и зрительно-моторных функций в школьную успешность и методы диагностики и реабилитации этих функций.
The improvement of treatment methods leads to the fact that every year there are more and more children who have successfully completed cancer treatment. But children still have the consequences of the disease itself and its treatment, which need to be worked with so that children can successfully integrate into society and get an education. The disease and its treatment lead to various disorders, including impaired cognitive, motor and visual-motor functions. These functions make a significant contribution to the success of school education and decrease in children who have survived cancer. Currently, there are many ways to rehabilitate cognitive functions, but motor and visual-motor functions often do not find themselves in the focus of attention of specialists engaged in rehabilitation. The purpose of this review was to assess the prevalence of motor and visual-motor disorders among children who have survived oncological diseases of various genesis. In addition, the contribution of motor and visual-motor functions to school success and methods of diagnosis and rehabilitation of these functions were described.