bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of Organic Agriculture and Policy Concerns in Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel Deepak Mani , Pant Kishor Prasad 
Published: September 2015

Agriculture production worldwide has been intensified with a simultaneous expansion in pesticides,fertilizers and other agro-chemicals use to meet growing peoples' demands for food. Indiscriminate use of agrochemicals has however resulted in several problems such as pests' resistance to pesticides and resurgence due to elimination of natural enemies, toxic residues in food, water, air and soil, degrading soil environment and ecosystem, animal and human health hazards and ultimate economic losses. Realizing the facts, organic farming is becoming popular recently, and there have been growing concerns on its importance and promotion in number of countries irrespective of their stage of development. Consequently, farming system paradigms have now shifted from mere increased production and productivity to resource sustainability and eco-friendly production techniques in their emphasis. Higher cost due to agro-chemicals and resulting environmental losses incurred in conventional agriculture on one side and higher advantages of ecological diversities available in the country on the other have proved that Nepal has high potentialities and comparative advantages of producing quality organic products. A high majority of mountain farmers in Nepal, excluding a few of the agricultural pockets where so-called commercial agriculture has already introduced, do not use any chemicals. Owing to globally increasing trend of demand for organic food, Nepal can benefit from such exports. The government based on some of its policy instruments is also committed to promoting organic farming in the country. However, the instruments are inadequate and not well integrated. Inadequate research, extension services and manpower especially on production and marketing information and input supply have hindered promotion of organic agriculture. Organic product legislation, standardization, certification and infrastructure in such development are also major issues of policy concerns.Key words: Organic-certification; Organic-farming; Organic-standard; Policy; Nepal; etc.The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 Page: 103-115
Diferencias territoriales en las percepciones políticas en Chile. Una aproximación operacional a la escala nacional y regional
Authors: Delamaza Gonzalo , Thayer Correa Luis Eduardo , Gaete José Manuel 
Published: September 2015

La investigación que se presenta tiene por objetivo visibilizar algunas diferencias significativas en distintas escalas territoriales, en cuanto a percepciones políticas relevantes para la gobernanza democrática y la constitución de la esfera pública, como adhesión a la democracia y confianza interpersonal y hacia las instituciones, entre otros. Para ello se comparan resultados de encuestas nacionales con datos del Barómetro Regional 2013, una encuesta aplicada a muestras representativas de las regiones de Los Ríos, Los Lagos y Bío Bío. El análisis muestra que las opiniones y percepciones regionalizadas difieren significativamente, no solo respecto del conjunto del país, sino también entre las mismas regiones. Con ello se deja en evidencia que uno de los problemas de la esfera pública nacional es que aquello que se presenta como el “nosotros” –la comunidad política- estaría escindido de las experiencias y las subjetividades que ese “nosotros” pretende representar. Y que la incorporación de la diferenciación regional permite un enfoque más preciso sobre la gobernanza democrática.
PVFMM: A Parallel Kernel Independent FMM for Particle and Volume Potentials
Authors: Malhotra Dhairya , Biros George 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe describe our implementation of a parallel fast multipole method for evaluating potentials for discrete and continuous source distributions. The first requires summation over the source points and the second requiring integration over a continuous source density. Both problems require (N2) complexity when computed directly; however, can be accelerated to (N) time using FMM. In our PVFMM software library, we use kernel independent FMM and this allows us to compute potentials for a wide range of elliptic kernels. Our method is high order, adaptive and scalable. In this paper, we discuss several algorithmic improvements and performance optimizations including cache locality, vectorization, shared memory parallelism and use of coprocessors. Our distributed memory implementation uses space-filling curve for partitioning data and a hypercube communication scheme. We present convergence results for Laplace, Stokes and Helmholtz (low wavenumber) kernels for both particle and volume FMM. We measure efficiency of our method in terms of CPU cycles per unknown for different accuracies and different kernels. We also demonstrate scalability of our implementation up to several thousand processor cores on the Stampede platform at the Texas Advanced Computing Center.
Relating Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs with Employee Turnover and Retention: Case Study of Local Telco
Authors: Hanif Ayesha , Khalid Wajiha , Khan Tahir Nawaz 
Published: September 2015

Purpose: In this case study, we investigate the frequency and reasons for the junior employees’ turnover problems being faced by a growing Telco in Pakistan. Having identified the root causes, creative HR people practices have been suggested as solutions for retaining valuable talent. Methodology: A survey questionnaire was administered among the staff of the company under study to identify their needs satisfaction level and then asked them to rate factors instrumental for retaining high performing talent. A Multi-point Rating Scale (1-5 and 1-7) was used for the 33 items. Findings: The results explore which employee retention measures can be taken so as to improve employee job satisfaction, loyalty and productivity. The trend points along dimensions of financial benefits, improved work environment and growth opportunities. Practical Implication: On broader platform, we can generalize the employee retention factors ranking to other Telco/IT companies operating in the hyper-inflated environment of Pakistan. Value: In many local growing organizations, effort and finance is not invested to determine Employee Satisfaction Index on an annual basis. This study will serve the purpose of preliminary survey in this regard for this company in addition to providing insight into common Pakistani lower-cadre employee needs. Keywords: Employee Turnover, Employee Retention, Employee Satisfaction, Pakistan
Ethnicity, Mobility and Role of Informal Channels: Evidence from Delhi Slums
Authors: Jha Amit Kumar , Singh Nitesh Kumar 
Published: September 2015

<p>This study has focused on the well-being of the migrants and explored the role of informal channels among different ethnic groups and its effect on upward mobility. This was made possible by conducting primary surveys in the slums of Delhi. It was found that the extent of upward income movement seems to exceed the downward income movement though the cases of stagnancy and downward occupational mobility aren’t to be ignored. We concluded that evidences in favour of upward mobility are not overwhelming but it would be equally erroneous to overlook the change that has occurred. With regard to the role of informal channels, we found that in the initial stages while entering the urban labour market, close relatives (from their regional background) matter a lot but subsequently, it is individual inspiration that keeps him going in the labour market.</p>
De 3 uit 6-voorwaarde voor export van Nederlandse studiefinanciering door niet-actieve EU-burgers
Authors: van Ooik R.H. 
Published: September 2015

Het Hof van Justitie had al beslist dat Nederland door een woonplaatsvereiste voor te schrijven, de zogenoemde 3 uit 6-voorwaarde, voor migrerende werknemers en hun gezinsleden om Nederlandse financiering voor buiten Nederland gevolgd hoger onderwijs te kunnen verkrijgen, zijn verplichtingen krachtens artikel 45 VWEU en artikel 7 lid 2 van Verordening (EEG) nr. 1612/68 betreffende het vrije verkeer van werknemers niet was nagekomen. In de hier besproken uitspraak Martens is het de vraag of deze 3 uit 6-voorwaarde ook voor economisch niet-actieve EU-burgers verboden is, vanwege strijd met de bepalingen over het Europees Burgerschap (art. 20 en 21 VWEU).HvJ 25 februari 2015, zaak C-359/13, B. Martens/Minister van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap,
Terra firma-forme dermatosis: A report of ten individuals with Duncan’s dirty dermatosis and literature review
Authors: Greywal Tanya , Cohen Philip R. 
Published: September 2015

Background: Terra-firma forme dermatosis, also known as Duncan’s dirty dermatosis, is a benign skin condition that presents as dirt-like plaques in patients of all ages.
Purpose: We describe a series of ten patients that presented with terra-firma forme dermatosis.
Methods and Materials: We reviewed PubMed for the following terms: dermatosis, Duncan’s dirty dermatosis, isopropyl alcohol, terra firma, and terra firma-forme dermatosis. We also reviewed papers containing these terms and their references.
Results: The diagnosis of terra firma-forme dermatosis was confirmed in all patients who had complete resolution of each lesion after the application of 70% isopropyl alcohol.
Conclusions: Terra-firma forme dermatosis is easily diagnosed and treated with 70% isopropyl alcohol. It is important to recognize this benign dermatologic condition since it can be confused with other cutaneous disorders. Therefore, in order to avoid unnecessary referrals, biopsies, blood tests, and medications, we suggest a trial of wiping the skin lesion with 70% isopropyl alcohol pads when the diagnosis of terra-firma forme dermatosis is considered.
Inferring the seasonal evolution of phytoplankton groups in the Senegalo‐Mauritanian upwelling region from satellite ocean‐color spectral measurements
Authors: Farikou O. , Sawadogo S. , Niang A. , Diouf D. , Brajard J. , Mejia C. , Dandonneau Y. , Gasc G. , Crepon M. , Thiria S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe have investigated the phytoplankton dynamics of the Senegalo‐Mauritanian upwelling region, which is a very productive region, by processing a 13 year set of SeaWiFS satellite ocean‐color measurements using a PHYSAT‐like method. We clustered the spectra of the ocean‐color normalized reflectance (reflectance normalized by a reflectance dependent on chlorophyll‐a concentration only) into 10 significant spectral classes using a Self‐Organized Map (SOM) associated with a hierarchical ascendant classification (HAC). By analyzing a 13 year climatology of these classes, we have been able to outline a coherent scenario describing the Senegalo‐Mauritanian upwelling region in terms of spatiotemporal variability of phytoplankton groups: during the onset of the upwelling (December–February), we mainly observed nanoeukaryote‐type phytoplankton in the coastal area; in April–May, the period corresponding to the maximum chlorophyll‐a concentration, the nanoeukaryote types were replaced by diatom types. This scenario is in agreement with microscope phytoplankton cell observations done during several past cruises.
Gallium: Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Dagorne Samuel 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The organometallic chemistry of gallium has attracted significant interest over the past decade. Sterically bulky Ga organometallics with interesting structural/bonding features and the emergence of N‐heterocyclic carbenes for the stabilization of novel structural motifs constitute the most prominent developments. Recent studies on well‐defined Ga(I) organocations and on Ga compounds supported by redox‐active ligands also hold promise for the future of Ga organometallic chemistry.
Lead: Inorganic Chemistry
Authors: Swadźba‐Kwaśny Małgorzata 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

The article covers basic inorganic chemistry of lead. As an introduction, the properties and historical uses of metallic lead are discussed, followed by aspects of lead toxicity, including the toxicity origins and effects of lead poisoning. Properties of lead as a heavy p‐block element are discussed, with emphasis on the modern view of the so‐called “inert pair effect”, including its origin, the influence on stability of lead oxidation states, and on the coordination chemistry of lead(
II
), viz., “sterically active lone pair”. This is followed by an overview of lead inorganic compounds, including halides, pseudohalides, oxides and chalcogenides, hydroxides and their chalcogenide analogs, alkoxides, oxoacids, O‐donors, S‐ and Se‐donors, Group 15 donors, compounds with lead‐transition metal bonds, and finally metallic clusters (Zintl phases). This is by no means a comprehensive review, rather compounds representative for each class were presented. In most sections, structural aspects of each class of compounds are discussed, followed by applications, with the focus on modern uses in material science.
Durch Design verbrückt: ein konformativ eingeschränkter Transglutaminase‐Marker ermöglicht effiziente ortsspezifische Konjugation
Authors: Siegmund Vanessa , Schmelz Stefan , Dickgiesser Stephan , Beck Jan , Ebenig Aileen , Fittler Heiko , Frauendorf Holm , Piater Birgit , Betz Ulrich A. K. , Avrutina Olga , Scrima Andrea , Fuchsbauer Hans‐Lothar , Kolmar Harald 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBasierend auf der Kristallstruktur eines natürlichen Proteinsubstrats von mikrobieller Transglutaminase, einem Enzym, das die Vernetzung von Proteinen katalysiert, wurde eine Erkennungssequenz für ortsspezifische Konjugation rational entworfen. Dieses Strukturmimetikum einer nativen Konjugationsstelle wurde konformativ über eine intramolekulare Disulfidbrücke fixiert und ermöglichte dadurch die effiziente Konjugation eines Reportermoleküls an den therapeutischen monoklonalen Antikörper Cetuximab, ohne dessen Bindungseigenschaften zu beeinträchtigen.
Incomplete reporting of enhanced recovery elements and its impact on achieving quality improvement
Authors: Day R W , Fielder S , Calhoun J , Kehlet H , Gottumukkala V , Aloia T A 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
Enhanced recovery (ER) protocols are used widely in surgical practice. As protocols are multidisciplinary with multiple components, it is difficult to compare and contrast reports. The present study examined compliance and transferability to clinical practice among ER publications related to colorectal surgery.

Methods
PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register databases were searched for current colorectal ER manuscripts. Each publication was assessed for the number of ER elements, whether the element was explained sufficiently so that it could be transferred to clinical practice, and compliance with the ER element.

Results
Some 50 publications met the reporting criteria for inclusion. A total of 22 ER elements were described. The median number of elements included in each publication was 9, and the median number of included patients was 130. The elements most commonly included in ER pathways were early postoperative diet advancement (49, 98 per cent) and early mobilization (47, 94 per cent). Early diet advancement was sufficiently explained in 43 (86 per cent) of the 50 publications, but only 22 (45 per cent) of 49 listing the variable reported compliance. The explanation for early mobilization was satisfactory in 41 (82 per cent) of the 50 publications, although only 14 (30 per cent) of 47 listing the variable reported compliance. Other ER elements had similar rates of explanation and compliance. The most frequently analysed outcome measures were morbidity (49, 98 per cent), length of stay (47, 94 per cent) and mortality (45, 90 per cent).

Conclusion
The current standard of reporting is frequently incomplete. To transfer knowledge and facilitate implementation of pathways that demonstrate improvements in perioperative care and recovery, a consistent structured reporting platform is needed.
Supramolecular Translation of Enzymatically Triggered Disassembly of Micelles into Tunable Fluorescent Responses
Authors: Buzhor Marina , Harnoy Assaf J. , Tirosh Einat , Barak Ayana , Schwartz Tal , Amir Roey J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe need for advanced fluorescent imaging and delivery platforms has motivated the development of smart probes that change their fluorescence in response to external stimuli. Here a new molecular design of fluorescently labeled PEG–dendron hybrids that self‐assemble into enzyme‐responsive micelles with tunable fluorescent responses is reported. In the assembled state, the fluorescence of the dyes is quenched or shifted due to intermolecular interactions. Upon enzymatic cleavage of the hydrophobic end‐groups, the labeled polymeric hybrids become hydrophilic, and the micelles disassemble. This supramolecular change is translated into a spectral response as the dye–dye interactions are eliminated and the intrinsic fluorescence is regained. We demonstrate the utilization of this molecular design to generate both Turn‐On and spectral shift responses by adjusting the type of the labeling dye. This approach enables transformation of non‐responsive labeling dyes into smart fluorescent probes.
General Characterization Methods for Photoelectrochemical Cells for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Shi Xinjian , Cai Lili , Ma Ming , Zheng Xiaolin , Park Jong Hyeok 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a very promising technology that converts water into clean hydrogen fuel and oxygen by using solar light. However, the characterization methods for PEC cells are diverse and a systematic introduction to characterization methods for PEC cells has rarely been attempted. Unlike most other review articles that focus mainly on the material used for the working electrodes of PEC cells, this review introduces general characterization methods for PEC cells, including their basic configurations and methods for characterizing their performance under various conditions, regardless of the materials used. Detailed experimental operation procedures with theoretical information are provided for each characterization method. The PEC research area is rapidly expanding and more researchers are beginning to devote themselves to related work. Therefore, the content of this Minireview can provide entry‐level knowledge to beginners in the area of PEC, which might accelerate progress in this area.
Direct Methylation of Amines with Carbon Dioxide and Molecular Hydrogen using Supported Gold Catalysts
Authors: Du Xian‐Long , Tang Gao , Bao Hong‐Liang , Jiang Zheng , Zhong Xin‐Hua , Su Dang Sheng , Wang Jian‐Qiang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe N‐methylation of amines with CO2 and H2 is an important step in the synthesis of bioactive compounds and chemical intermediates. The first heterogeneous Au catalyst is reported for this methylation reaction with good to excellent yields. The average turnover frequency (TOF) based on surface Au atoms is 45 h−1, which is the highest TOF value ever reported for the methylation of aniline with CO2 and H2. Furthermore, the catalyst is tolerant toward a variety of amines, which includes aromatic, aliphatic, secondary, and primary amines. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the N‐alkyl formamide might be an intermediate in the N‐methylation of amine process. Moreover, through a one‐pot process, it is possible to convert primary amines, aldehydes, and CO2 into unsymmetrical tertiary amines with H2 as a reductant in the presence of the Au catalyst.
Ammine Calcium and Strontium Borohydrides: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Jepsen Lars H. , Lee Young‐Su , Černý Radovan , Sarusie Ram S. , Cho Young Whan , Besenbacher Flemming , Jensen Torben R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA new series of solvent‐ and halide‐free ammine strontium metal borohydrides Sr(NH3)n(BH4)2 (n=1, 2, and 4) and further investigations of Ca(NH3)n(BH4)2 (n=1, 2, 4, and 6) are presented. Crystal structures have been determined by powder XRD and optimized by DFT calculations to evaluate the strength of the dihydrogen bonds. Sr(NH3)(BH4)2 (Pbcn) and Sr(NH3)2(BH4)2 (Pnc2) are layered structures, whereas M(NH3)4(BH4)2 (M=Ca and Sr; P21/c) are molecular structures connected by dihydrogen bonds. Both series of compounds release NH3 gas upon thermal treatment if the partial pressure of ammonia is low. Therefore, the strength of the dihydrogen bonds, the structure of the compounds, and the NH3/BH4− ratio for M(NH3)n(BH4)m have little influence on the composition of the released gasses. The composition of the released gas depends mainly on the thermal stability of the ammine metal borohydride and the corresponding metal borohydride.
Economic assessment for the production of 1,2‐Propanediol from bioglycerol hydrogenolysis using molecular hydrogen or hydrogen donor molecules
Authors: Gandarias I. , Arias P.L. , Agirrezabal‐Telleria I. 
Published: September 2015

The 1,2‐propanediol can be obtained from bio‐glycerol through hydrogenolysis reactions. The hydrogen required in the process can be supplied using high molecular hydrogen pressure or hydrogen donor molecules, formic acid being the most attractive donor. An economical assessment of both alternatives for hydrogen supply was carried out. Results from the conceptual design of the 1,2‐propanediol purification process revealed that the separation of water from glycols is the most expensive step. The use of formic acid can be cost effective only if it is available at a price lower than 0.12 € kg−1 and high initial glycerol aqueous solutions are used. The formation of condensation products from highly concentrated glycerol solutions when using hydrogen donors needs to be avoided. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35:447–454, 2016
Simplified physics model of CO2 plume extent in stratified aquifer‐caprock systems
Authors: Ganesh Priya Ravi , Mishra Srikanta 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe extent of plume migration as injected CO2 displaces the native reservoir fluids is a crucial performance metric to ensure safe and effective geologic sequestration. In this paper, we develop and validate a simplified physics model for the outer extent of CO2‐brine interface in a stratified aquifer‐caprock system. This involves quantifying the total storage efficiency, which is defined as the product of the volumetric sweep and displacement efficiencies, based on simulations covering an extensive parameter space of different reservoir and caprock properties. We model CO2 injection into a 2‐D radially symmetric brine‐filled reservoir with vertical permeability variations that is in hydraulic communication with a caprock. Based on insights from a suite of detailed numerical simulations of our system, the most important terms in the simplified model for total storage efficiency involve the relative permeability model followed by integrated measures of reservoir heterogeneity. A relationship is established for the plume extent at the end of injection from the amount of CO2 injected and the storativity (porosity‐thickness product) of the reservoir. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd