bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameter Estimation of Labial Movements in Speech Production: Implications for Speech Motor Control
Authors: Hinton Virginia A. , Robey Randall R. 
Published: July 2014

Central to theories of speech motor control are estimates on magnitudes of lip activity expressed in terms of central tendency, variability, and interrelatedness. In fact, the tenability of each of two competing theories of motor control for speech production rests solely on the observation of the predicted direction of the correlation coefficient (one positive and one negative) that indexes the relationship of concurrent lip activity. Each theory, however, predicts a relationship that is the complete opposite of the relationship predicted by the other. That is, one theory proposes that the labial system functions on the basis of complementary variation, whereas the other assumes positive covariation, or complementary modulation. In apparent contradiction, each prediction has been observed under laboratory conditions. The explanation for this apparent contradiction resides in the small sample sizes upon which each estimate was based.
The minimum number of observations that are necessary to achieve accurate estimates of lip displacement parameters has remained unclear. This paper addresses three fundamental questions: (a) how many observations of on-task behavior are necessary to accurately estimate mean and variance values for the magnitude of upper lip displacement in a speech production experiment?, (b) what is the analogous number of observations for estimating the same values of lower lip displacement (together with the mandible) in the same context?, and (c) how many observations are necessary to accurately estimate the correlation coefficient indexing the relationship of lip displacements during the production of speech? Answers to these questions are accomplished through a review of estimator properties, a Monte Carlo computer simulation, and through laboratory observations. The findings indicate that, as currently formulated, neither the relationship predicted by the complementary variation model nor that predicted by the complementary modulation model is wholly tenable.
The Genetic Basis of Persistence and Recovery in Stuttering
Authors: Ambrose Nicoline Grinager , Cox Nancy J. , Yairi Ehud 
Published: July 2014

Although past research has provided evidence of a genetic component to the transmission of susceptibility to stuttering, the relationship between the genetic component to stuttering and persistence and recovery in the disorder has remained unclear. In an attempt to characterize this relationship, the immediate and extended families of 66 stuttering children were investigated to determine frequencies of cases of persistent and recovered stuttering. Pedigree analysis and segregation analysis were used to examine patterns of transmission. The following questions were investigated:
1. Is there a sex effect in recovery from stuttering? Here, we sought to test the hypothesis that females are more likely to recover than males, leading to the change in sex ratio from approximately 2:1 males to females close to onset of the disorder, to 4 or 5:1 in adulthood.
2. Is persistence/recovery in stuttering transmitted in families? If recovery/persistence appears to be transmitted, (a) are recovered and persistent stuttering independent disorders?; (b) is recovery a genetically milder form of persistent stuttering?; or (c) is persistence/recovery transmitted independent of the primary susceptibility to stuttering?
Results indicated sharply different sex ratios of persistent versus recovered stutterers in that recovery among females is more frequent than among males. It was found that recovery or persistence is indeed transmitted, and further, that recovery does not appear to be a genetically milder form of stuttering, nor do the two types of stuttering appear to be genetically independent disorders. Data are most consistent with the hypothesis that persistent and recovered stuttering possess a common genetic etiology, and that persistence is, in part, due to additional genetic factors. Segregation analyses supported these conclusions and provided statistical evidence for both a single major locus and polygenic component for persistent and recovered stuttering.
Comments Regarding the Investigation of Developmental Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Waldron Claire M. 
Published: July 2014

The conclusions and discussion were based on only 16 children who were identified based on clearly described criteria. Those subjects have widely varying ages, unspecified treatment histories, and varying receptive language status. The authors did not claim that these results are generalizable to a larger population of children, but I fear that their results will be interpreted that way by others. Identifying unusual phrasal stress deficits in 8 of 16 children with suspected DAS should not be construed or implied as evidence for a diagnostic marker for a subtype of DAS.
I strongly agree with the authors that longitudinal studies of children with persistent and unusual speech disorders are needed. Studies concerning children's responses to treatment are also needed. Although models of adult onset apraxia (AOS) may provide useful procedures for measuring or describing speech and nonspeech characteristics of DAS, using AOS as a theoretical model or clinical analogy to DAS leads us to ask less relevant questions about children with unusual and persistent speech disorders. Children with suspected DAS are different from adults who have AOS. Children who have never spoken normally or used language normally are different from adults who have acquired a speech disorder after decades of using spoken and written language normally. In order to intervene efficiently and appropriately, we need to know whether and how children with DAS differ from other children, not how they might resemble adults with an acquired disorder.
Right Hemisphere Brain Damage in Children
Authors: Trauner Doris A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Adults with right hemisphere (RH) damage have a characteristic cognitive profile of impaired facial recognition and visual spatial skills, contralateral neglect, and aprosodia, with relatively intact propositional language. The adverse effects of childhood RH damage are more subtle and do not follow the adult pattern following RH injury.
This article reviews evidence that the RH is specialized early in life for certain cognitive functions, including comprehension of affective prosody and visual spatial analysis. Other cognitive functions such as facial recognition, language, and expressive prosody appear to have more bilateral representation during early development. There is also strong evidence for plasticity in the developing RH that allows reorganization to take place following focal injury. Such differences in neural networks during development may account for the good functional recovery in children with perinatal RH brain damage.
The changing face of cognitive gender differences in Europe
Authors: Weber Daniela , Skirbekk Vegard , Freund Inga , Herlitz Agneta 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Results showing that gender differences in mathematics and science are smaller in countries with higher gender equality have led researchers to conclude that cognitive gender differences are decreasing as a function of increased gender equality. Instead, we find that improved living conditions and less gender-restricted educational opportunities are associated with increased gender differences favoring women in some cognitive functions and decreases or elimination of gender differences in other cognitive abilities. Our results suggest that these changes take place as a result of women gaining more than men from societal improvements over time, thereby increasing their general cognitive ability more than men.
Quantifying the semantics of search behavior before stock market moves
Authors: Curme Chester , Preis Tobias , Stanley H. Eugene , Moat Helen Susannah 
Published: July 2014

SignificanceInternet search data may offer new possibilities to improve forecasts of collective behavior, if we can identify which parts of these gigantic search datasets are relevant. We introduce an automated method that uses data from Google and Wikipedia to identify relevant topics in search data before large events. Using stock market moves as a case study, our method successfully identifies historical links between searches related to business and politics and subsequent stock market moves. We find that the predictive value of these search terms has recently diminished, potentially reflecting increasing incorporation of Internet data into automated trading strategies. We suggest that extensions of these analyses could help draw links between search data and a range of other collective actions.
The role of PI3K/AKT-related PIP5K1α and the discovery of its selective inhibitor for treatment of advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Semenas Julius , Hedblom Andreas , Miftakhova Regina R. , Sarwar Martuza , Larsson Rikard , Shcherbina Liliya , Johansson Martin E. , Härkönen Pirkko , Sterner Olov , Persson Jenny L. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy and the third leading cancer-related cause of death among men of the Western world. Treatment options at advanced stages of the disease are scarce, and better therapies are in urgent need. In our study, we show that the clinically relevant lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase-α (PIP5Kα) plays an important role in cancer cell invasion and survival by regulating the PI3K/AKT/androgen receptor pathways. Elevated levels of PIP5K1α contribute to cancer cell proliferation, survival, and invasion. In this context we introduce a newly developed compound, ISA-2011B, with promising anticancer effects by inhibiting the PIP5K1α-associated AKT pathways. Conclusively, we propose that PIP5K1α may be used as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Hypothalamic prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) regulates pancreatic insulin and glucagon secretion in mice
Authors: Kim Jung Dae , Toda Chitoku , D’Agostino Giuseppe , Zeiss Caroline J. , DiLeone Ralph J. , Elsworth John D. , Kibbey Richard G. , Chan Owen , Harvey Brandon K. , Richie Christopher T. , Savolainen Mari , Myöhänen Timo , Jeong Jin Kwon , Diano Sabrina 
Published: July 2014

Significance
The ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) plays an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Here we show that prolyl endopeptidase (PREP), a serine protease, is expressed in the VMH where it functions to regulate glucose-induced insulin secretion. Experimental knockdown of central PREP induced impairment of VMH glucose sensing, resulting in reduced insulin and increased glucagon secretion by the pancreas via altered sympathetic outflow. Our data reveal PREP as a new hypothalamic player in the control of glucose homeostasis.
Bacillus subtilischromosome organization oscillates between two distinct patterns
Authors: Wang Xindan , Montero Llopis Paula , Rudner David Z. 
Published: July 2014

SignificanceIn bacteria, faithful and efficient DNA segregation is intimately linked to the spatial organization of the chromosome. Two distinct organization patterns have been described for bacterial chromosomes (ori-terand left-ori-right) that appear to arise from distinct segregation mechanisms. Here, we show that theBacillus subtilischromosome oscillates between them during a replication–segregation cycle. Our data further suggest that the highly conserved condensin complex and theparABSpartitioning system function as the core components that underlie these alternating patterns. We propose that this oscillatory cycle enhances the efficiency of DNA replication and sister chromosome segregation and provides a unifying model for the diverse patterns of chromosome organization observed in bacteria.
Early remodeling of the neocortex upon episodic memory encoding
Authors: Bero Adam W. , Meng Jia , Cho Sukhee , Shen Abra H. , Canter Rebecca G. , Ericsson Maria , Tsai Li-Huei 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Prevailing theory suggests that episodic memory encoding is subserved by early remodeling of hippocampal circuits, whereas remodeling of the neocortex occurs weeks to months later to promote long-term memory storage and recall. Herein, we show that episodic memory encoding elicits early remodeling of neocortical circuits in mouse brain. Specifically, memory encoding triggered a transcriptomic program in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that was accompanied by rapid structural and functional plasticity of local synaptic circuits. Using optogenetics to examine the real-time contribution of the mPFC to memory encoding, we found that activity of excitatory mPFC neurons is required for hippocampal activation and formation of long-term memory. These data have important implications for understanding memory processing in healthy and diseased brain states.
Sorting Nexin 27 regulates basal and activity-dependent trafficking of AMPARs
Authors: Hussain Natasha K. , Diering Graham H. , Sole Jonathan , Anggono Victor , Huganir Richard L. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are principal regulators of synaptic signaling in the brain. Modulation of AMPA receptor activity, whether through changes in surface expression or conductance, contributes significantly to the dynamic nature of neuronal networks. AMPA receptor mediated-synaptic plasticity is thought to underlie learning and memory, as aberrant AMPAR trafficking contributes to impaired plasticity and to memory deficits. We demonstrate that the membrane trafficking and sorting protein, SNX27, regulates basal and activity dependent targeting of AMPA receptors to the neuronal surface. Elucidating the mechanism of receptor sorting mediated by SNX27 will not only further our understanding AMPAR-mediated changes in synaptic plasticity, but may ultimately shed light on the molecular mechanisms that govern learning.
Cyclin-dependent kinases regulate lysosomal degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α to promote cell-cycle progression
Authors: Hubbi Maimon E. , Gilkes Daniele M. , Hu Hongxia , Kshitiz  , Ahmed Ishrat , Semenza Gregg L. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is required for adaptive changes to low oxygen levels, which include a reduced rate of cell division. However, many cell types continue to proliferate under hypoxic conditions. Here, we show that cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2 physically and functionally interact with HIF-1α, inhibiting and promoting its degradation by lysosomes, respectively. Cancer cells that proliferate under hypoxia failed to do so when treated with lysosome inhibitors. Our studies reveal that HIF-1α levels are coupled to phases of the cell cycle through lysosomal degradation and identify a novel role for the lysosome as a regulator of cell-cycle progression under hypoxic conditions.
Active Surveillance and Decolonization Without Isolation Is Effective in Preventing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Transmission in the Psychiatry Units
Authors: Das Sanchita , Harazin Maureen , Wright Marc Oliver , Dusich Irene , Robicsek Ari , Peterson Lance R. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background.  Control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is difficult in select populations. We used molecular typing to study the effect of universal surveillance and decolonization of carriers, without isolation, on MRSA transmission in a specialized unit.
Methods.  Patients admitted to the unit were screened for nasal MRSA at admission and discharge. Those who acquired MRSA during their stay were identified and linked to carriers with shared time in unit. Molecular typing of isolates was performed to identify transmission.
Results.  Of 3285 admissions, 82% were tested for MRSA nasal carriage; the discharge screening compliance was 64.7%. Admission prevalence was 2.3% among patients screened, and 7 (0.42%) acquired nasal MRSA during their stay. All patients who acquired MRSA shared time in the unit with a colonized patient. There were 3.9 MRSA acquisitions per 1000 at-risk days. Isolates from 5 patients that acquired MRSA during their stay as well as their potential donors (11 donor: recipient patient pairs) were available for typing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis matched 1 acquisition isolate to a colonized patient isolate. There were no MRSA infections during the study period.
Conclusions.  Despite less than perfect nasal screening compliance and exemption from traditional isolation precautions, acquisition of MRSA was 0.42% in this patient population over a course of 4.75 years, including a single case of acquisition, genetically similar to a known potential donor source. Screening for MRSA colonization and decolonizing of carriers was sufficient in reducing transmission in this vulnerable population.
BIM and systemic ICT innovation in AEC
Authors: Singh Vishal 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to present a behavioural perspective on systemic innovation adoption decisions and resulting patterns in architecture engineering and construction (AEC). Building on the premise that innovation is always coupled with need identification or need creation, the paper analyses the systemic innovation-related needs and decisions of AEC actors.Design/methodology/approach– This research uses grounded theory to collect data through interviews, focus groups and field observation in Australian AEC. Based on the findings, three types of systemic innovation-related needs are identified to describe the dependencies in innovation-related needs of various actors in the construction innovation network, namely, need for the innovation, need to innovate and the need for the diffusion of innovation.Findings– It is found that the systemic innovation-related needs of actors in AEC network are interrelated. However, the systemic innovation-related decisions and, hence, the diffusion patterns are mediated by the degrees of freedom of the actors. Accordingly, it is argued that higher degrees of freedom of followers or the majority actors in AEC (to leave the innovation network) partially explain the slower rate of systemic innovation diffusion in AEC. Findings have implications on how systemic innovations in construction should be analysed and managed at the ecosystem level through an improved understanding of the interdependent innovation-related needs of the stakeholders.Originality/value– Innovation-related needs’ perspective provides novel and fresh insights into systemic innovation diffusion patterns in AEC and emphasises the significance of an ecosystem viewpoint to assess the roles of the different actors in AEC innovation network. The role of the degrees of freedoms of AEC actors in mediating systemic innovation diffusion is established.
A grey STA-GERT quality evaluation model for complex products based on manufacture-service dual-network
Authors: Xu Ruiting , Fang Zhigeng , Sun Jinyu 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to find out a scientific method to evaluate quality of complex products, whose quality is different from general products.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on interval grey number theory, reliability analysis method and stochastic network theory, authors have established grey success tree analysis-graph evaluation and review technique (GSTA-GERT) model in this paper.

Findings
– Comparing complex products and general products, authors have found that complex products have two characters, i.e. quality of manufacture and quality of service. Furthermore, this paper has proved the GSTA-GERT model is a scientific and reasonable approach to estimate quality of complex products from the sight of manufacture-service network.

Originality/value
– This paper has established GSTA-GERT model, which surmounts the defect of traditional estimation method, such as lacking logic analysis in the method of analytic hierarchy process.
Grey power models based on optimization of initial condition and model parameters
Authors: Jong Yunchol , Liu Sifeng 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel approach to improve prediction accuracy of grey power models including GM(1, 1) and grey Verhulst model.

Design/methodology/approach
– The modified new models are proposed by optimizing the initial condition and model parameters. The new initial condition consists of the first item and the last item of a sequence generated by applying the first-order accumulative generation operator on the sequence of raw data.

Findings
– It is shown that the newly modified grey power model is an extension of the previous optimized GM(1, 1) and grey Verhulst model. And the optimized initial condition reflected the principle of new information priority.

Practical implications
– The result of a numerical example indicates that the modified grey model presented in this paper with better prediction performance.

Originality/value
– The new initial condition are derived by weighted combination of the first item and the last item. The coefficients of weight obtained by the least square method.
Multi-terms MADM procedures with GRA and TOPSIS based on IFS and IVIFS
Authors: Bali Ozkan , Gumus Serkan 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– In the literature, many multi attributes decision making (MADM) models allow evaluation of the alternatives considering their current or last performance. However, in some MADM problems, not only current performance of alternatives but also their past performance should be taken into account in order to select the most appropriate alternative. For this reason, the purpose of this paper is to develop four procedures to evaluate the alternatives in MADM problems with multi terms.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study uses dynamic operators to aggregate the evaluation in different terms and then, grey relational analysis (GRA) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods are utilized to determine the most appropriate alternative. Thus, four procedures which consist of these operators and methods are developed to evaluate the alternatives in multi terms.

Findings
– Some numerical examples are presented for the proposed procedures in multi-terms. Moreover, these four procedures are compared with other four procedures. The analyses of the results show that dynamic aggregation operators based on intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFS) with GRA and TOPSIS can be used jointly for MADM problems in which alternatives are evaluated for different terms.

Originality/value
– One of the significant mistakes faced in some MADM problems is to take into account the current performance of alternatives or is to ignore their past performance. The right selection depends on past and current performance of the alternatives. The novelty of this study is to propose four procedures for solving MADM problems in multi terms based on IFS and IVIFS using dynamic aggregation operators and GRA and TOPSIS methods.