bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of whole-genome sequencing for molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial surveillance: identifying the role of IncX3 plasmids and the spread ofblaNDM-4-like genes in the Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Espedido Björn A , Dimitrijovski Borce , van Hal Sebastiaan J , Jensen Slade O 
Published: June 2015

AimsTo characterise the resistome of a multi-drug resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae(Kp0003) isolated from an Australian traveller who was repatriated to a Sydney Metropolitan Hospital from Myanmar with possible prosthetic aortic valve infective endocarditis.MethodsKp0003 was recovered from a blood culture of the patient and whole genome sequencing was performed. Read mapping andde novoassembly of reads facilitatedin silicomulti-locus sequence and plasmid replicon typing as well as the characterisation of antibiotic resistance genes and their genetic context. Conjugation experiments were also performed to assess the plasmid (and resistance gene) transferability and the effect on the antibiotic resistance phenotype.ResultsImportantly, and of particular concern, the carbapenem-hydrolysing β-lactamase geneblaNDM-4 was identified on a conjugative IncX3 plasmid (pJEG027). In this respect, theblaNDM-4 genetic context is similar (at least to some extent) to what has previously been identified forblaNDM-1 andblaNDM-4-like variants.ConclusionsThis study highlights the potential role that IncX3 plasmids have played in the emergence and dissemination ofblaNDM-4-like variants worldwide and emphasises the importance of resistance gene surveillance.
Peloruside A Inhibits Growth of Human Lung and Breast Tumor Xenografts in an Athymic nu/nu Mouse Model
Authors: Meyer Colin J. , Krauth Melissa , Wick Michael J. , Shay Jerry W. , Gellert Ginelle , De Brabander Jef K. , Northcote Peter T. , Miller John H. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Peloruside A is a microtubule-stabilizing agent isolated from a New Zealand marine sponge. Peloruside prevents growth of a panel of cancer cell lines at low nanomolar concentrations, including cell lines that are resistant to paclitaxel. Three xenograft studies in athymic nu/nu mice were performed to assess the efficacy of peloruside compared with standard anticancer agents such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, and doxorubicin. The first study examined the effect of 5 and 10 mg/kg peloruside (QD×5) on the growth of H460 non–small cell lung cancer xenografts. Peloruside caused tumor growth inhibition (%TGI) of 84% and 95%, respectively, whereas standard treatments with paclitaxel (8 mg/kg, QD×5) and docetaxel (6.3 mg/kg, Q2D×3) were much less effective (%TGI of 50% and 18%, respectively). In a second xenograft study using A549 lung cancer cells and varied schedules of dosing, activity of peloruside was again superior compared with the taxanes with inhibitions ranging from 51% to 74%, compared with 44% and 50% for the two taxanes. A third xenograft study in a P-glycoprotein–overexpressing NCI/ADR-RES breast tumor model showed that peloruside was better tolerated than either doxorubicin or paclitaxel. We conclude that peloruside is highly effective in preventing the growth of lung and P-glycoprotein–overexpressing breast tumors in vivo and that further therapeutic development is warranted. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(8); 1816–23. ©2015 AACR.
Evaluating service user community groups in forensic and neurodevelopmental units
Authors: Chaplin Eddie , Douglas Jamie , O'Hara Jean , Wellington Sharon , Lyons Jane 
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Often service user involvement in forensic mental health settings can fail to address service users' views in a systematic way and is more likely to be designed around organisational priorities. Method: Community meetings in six forensic medium–secure units and three neurodevelopmental (ND) units were compared. Using framework analysis, the study evaluated practice, in particular how staff and service users interacted and the issues raised at meetings. Data was collected from interviews, questionnaires and minutes of the meetings. Results: On average, meetings were more frequent in ND than in forensic units. Difficulties were reported in resolving issues due to factors including shift patterns, staff who could make decisions being unavailable, and policy and budget constraints. Forensic unit groups tended to focus on information and ND groups on activities and the ward environment. Complaints were more likely to be raised in forensic units than in ND units. Discussion: This study provides an insight into community groups and offers an insight into the realities of user engagement in community meetings.
Utilización agraria del suelo en las comarcas de Alicante
Authors: Juárez Sánchez-Rubio Cipriano 
Published: June 2015

El Ministerio de Agricultura da a conocer mediante sus Anuarios los distintos aprovechamientos agrarios de cada provincia y los rendimientos que de ellos se obtienen. El mismo Ministerio ofrece también los datos municipales agrupados según las comarcas agrarias de las distintas provincias y bajo el epígrafe de «Análisis de la Producción Vegetal a nivel Comarcal». Éste determina para cada comarca lo siguiente: utilización de la tierra, características agrícolas (secano, regadío, cultivos herbáceos y leñosos), rendimientos de los cultivos, precios, producción y valor productivo de cada uno, caracterización de cada comarca a base de índices, agrupación por su analogía y problemática de cada uno de ellos. Otra parte ofrece las características ganaderas con el número de cabezas, peso en vivo, régimen (extensivo, intensivo o mixto) de explotación del ganado y su utilización cárnica o lechera, pero sólo referida al lanar y vacuno. La última parte estadística hace referencia a las dimensiones de las explotaciones, número de las mismas en cada intervalo, grado de mecanización (tractores, cosechadoras, motocultores y caballos de vapor que totalizan en cada caso) y el precio de las hectáreas de secano y regadío, tanto en venta como en renta. El Análisis finaliza con la relación de términos municipales integrados en cada comarca.
Optical and electrical properties of tin oxide-based thin films prepared by streaming process for electrodeless electrochemical deposition
Authors: Khalilzadeh-Rezaie Farnood , Oladeji Isaiah O. , Yusuf Gbadebo. T. , Nath Janardan , Nader Nima , Vangala Shiva , Cleary Justin W. , Schoenfeld Winston V. , Peale Robert E. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTTransparent conducting thin-films of SnO2: F were grown on preheated glass, Al2O3 coated glass, and quartz substrates by Streaming Process for Electrodeless Electrochemical Deposition (SPEED). Stannic chloride (SnCl4) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) dissolved in a mixture of deionized water and organic solvents were used as precursors. The preheated substrate temperature was varied between 440 and 500 °C. High quality SnO2:F films were grown at all the substrate temperatures studied. The resulting typical film thickness was 250 nm. X-ray diffraction shows that the grown films are polycrystalline SnO2 with a tetragonal crystal structure. The average optical transmission of the films was around 93% throughout the wavelength range 400 to 1000 nm. The lowest electrical resistivity achieved was 6 × 10-4 Ω-cm. The Hall measurements showed that the film is an n-type semiconductor, with carrier mobility of 8.3 cm2/V-s, and carrier concentration of 1 × 1021 cm-3. The direct bandgap was determined to be 4.0 eV from the transmittance spectrum.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms for Elevated CO2–Regulation of Plant Growth and Stress Adaptation
Authors: Huang Bingru , Xu Yi 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIncreases in atmospheric CO2 concentration have exerted significant impacts on plant growth. Numerous studies have reported positive effects of elevated CO2 on plant growth and adaptation to various environmental stresses in many plant species. The mechanisms by which CO2 enrichment regulates plant growth and stress adaptation are not completely understood. There have been some recent exciting advances in elucidating the cellular, metabolic, and molecular basis for increased growth under elevated CO2. At the cellular level, cell growth involving both cell division and cell expansion is stimulated by increasing CO2, which has been associated with increased photosynthetic activities and carbohydrate availability, and also with the expression of genes controlling cell division, cycling, and cell expansion. Proteomic profiling studies identified CO2–regulated proteins mainly involved in photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, energy pathways, molecular chaperones, and antioxidant proteins. Transcriptomic analyses identified several hundreds of genes responsive to elevated CO2 levels, which play roles in cell wall loosening, photosynthesis, respiration, water use, and protein synthesis, as well as stress defense. This paper reviews recent progress in the mechanistic understanding of CO2 regulation of plant growth and stress adaptation at the cellular, metabolic, and molecular levels, and addresses research gaps and future research perspective areas.
Prospects for Selecting Wheat with Increased Zinc and Decreased Cadmium Concentration in Grain
Authors: Guttieri Mary J. , Baenziger P. Stephen , Frels Katherine , Carver Brett , Arnall Brian , Wang Shichen , Akhunov Eduard , Waters Brian M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a primary staple cereal and significant source of mineral nutrients in human diets. Therefore, increasing concentration of the essential mineral, Zn, and decreasing concentration of the toxic mineral, Cd, could significantly improve human health. Because plant mechanisms for uptake and translocation of Cd and Zn are related, we assessed both Cd and Zn concentration to evaluate their independence in hard winter wheat germplasm. Grain Cd concentrations of some genotypes grown in Nebraska trials were above the Codex guidance level (0.2 mg kg–1), and highly repeatable differences in grain Cd were found between pairs of low and moderate‐Cd commercial cultivars. Grain Cd concentration was predicted by Cd concentration in aboveground plant tissues at anthesis. However, grain Zn concentration was not predicted by Zn concentration in aboveground plant tissues. Genome‐wide association scans using high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers identified Cd‐associated SNPs on 5AL in a region homoeologous to the Cdu1 locus on 5BL in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.). Genetic regulation of grain cadmium concentration in bread wheat may be more complex than in durum wheat because epistatic interactions between SNP markers were identified, and SNP marker haplotypes were imperfect predictors of grain Cd phenotype. The SNP marker associations with Zn concentration were weak and inconsistent across trials, and Zn concentration was independent of 5AL markers. The independent genetic regulation of grain Cd and Zn concentrations indicates that breeding low Cd hard winter wheat genotypes without reducing Zn concentration has high potential for success.
Straw Incorporation Strategy on Cereal Crop Yield in China
Authors: Zhao Hong , Sun Binfeng , Lu Fei , Zhang Guo , Wang Xiaoke , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTStraw incorporation (SI) is considered a valid agricultural measure for ameliorating soil quality and sequestrating soil C. This study aimed to quantitatively summarize the response of cereal yield to SI management. Our results showed that compared with straw removal, SI could significantly enhance cereal yield by 7% over all of China across the 9‐yr period. In all regions, SI in coarse‐textured soils increased yields more than in fine‐textured soils. Straw incorporation resulted in greater yield increases for upland crops compared with rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping, and for rotary tillage compared with plowing and no tillage. Overall, SI‐induced cereal yield increases were greater in areas with a lack of soil nutrients and soil water. The SI‐induced increases of 1 t ha−1 of soil organic C (SOC) storage could increase cereal yield by 44 kg ha−1. If half or full amounts of cereal straw is returned across all of China's agricultural regions, cereal yields would increase by an average of 2.84 and 5.07 Tg yr−1, respectively, which would contribute to achieving the increasing yield requirements of China.
Contemporary Management of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Due to Giant Retinal Tears: A Consecutive Case Series
Authors: Pitcher John D. , Khan Mohammed Ali , Storey Philip P. , Hsiao-Fang-Yen Natalie , Dollin Michael L. , Hsu Jason , Ho Allen C. , Regillo Carl D. , Garg Sunir J. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate outcomes of contemporary surgical techniques for repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) associated with giant retinal tears (GRT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective, consecutive case series including 58 eyes of 58 patients. Mean age was 52 years (range: 16 to 83 years). All patients underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with use of perfluorocarbon liquid and intravitreal tamponade (28 with silicone oil, 25 with octafluoropropane gas, and five with sulfur hexafluoride gas). Scleral buckle (SB) was placed in 30 eyes (52%).

RESULTS:

At a mean follow-up of 17 months, mean visual acuity improved from 20/500 preoperatively to 20/88 at final follow-up. Fifty-one patients (88%) had single-surgery anatomic success, and all patients achieved final retinal reattachment. Use of SB (
P
= 1.0), silicone oil (
P
= .1), or 360° endophotocoagulation (
P
= .7) did not correlate with higher rates of successful repair.

CONCLUSION:
Contemporary vitreoretinal surgery techniques achieve high rates of primary anatomic success in GRT-related RRDs.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:566–570.]
Clinical Course of Vitreomacular Traction Managed Initially by Observation
Authors: Tzu Jonathan H. , John Vishak J. , Flynn Harry W. , Smiddy William E. , Jackson Jared R. , Isernhagen Blake A. , Carver Adam , Leonard Robert , Tabandeh Homayoun , Boyer David S. , Berrocal Maria H. , Suzuki Mihoko , Freund K. Bailey , Gross Jeffrey G. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the clinical course and outcomes of patients with vitreomacular traction (VMT) managed initially by observation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This noncomparative case series included patients with a diagnosis of VMT based on clinical symptoms and findings on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) between 2005 and 2014. VMT was documented using a standardized grading system based on the degree of distortion of the foveal contour. Data were collected at five retina clinics using standardized collection forms. Visual acuity, changes in SD-OCT findings, and timing of the release of VMT as seen on SD-OCT were recorded.

RESULTS:
The study included 230 eyes of 185 patients. Mean age was 72.5 years, and mean follow-up was 32 months. At baseline, VMT grading was grade 1 in 92 eyes (40%), grade 2 in 118 eyes (51.3%), and grade 3 in 20 eyes (8.7%). By last follow-up, spontaneous release of VMT occurred in 73 eyes (31.7%). Spontaneous release of VMT occurred at a mean of 18 months (median: 10.9 months) after initial visit. Mean logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.28 (20/55) (range: 20/20 to 20/400) at baseline and 0.25 (20/51) (range: 20/20 to 20/400) at last follow-up. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 10 eyes (4.1%) for macular hole (six eyes) and increased VMT (four eyes); BCVA was at least 20/40 in eight of the 10 eyes at last follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
Patients with VMT generally had a favorable clinical course when managed initially by observation. Spontaneous release of VMT occurred in approximately one-third of patients. At last follow-up, pars plana vitrectomy was performed in fewer than 5% of patients.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:571–576.]
Canonical wall-bounded flows: how do they differ?
Authors: Smits Alexander J. 
Published: June 2015

Orlandi et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 770, 2015, pp. 424–441) present direct numerical simulations over a very wide Reynolds number range for plane Couette and Poiseuille flows. The results reveal new information on the abrupt nature of transition in these flows, and the comparisons between Couette and Poiseuille flows help to provide a clearer picture of Reynolds number trends, especially with regard to inner/outer layer interactions. The stress distributions give strong support to Townsend’s attached eddy hypothesis, particularly for the wall-parallel component where there has been little experimental data available. The results pose some intriguing questions regarding the reconciliation of the present results with data at higher Reynolds numbers in different canonical flows.
The streamwise turbulence intensity in the intermediate layer of turbulent pipe flow
Authors: Vassilicos J. C. , Laval J.-P. , Foucaut J.-M. , Stanislas M. 
Published: June 2015

The spectral model of Perryet al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 165, 1986, pp. 163–199) predicts that the integral length scale varies very slowly with distance to the wall in the intermediate layer. The only way for the integral length scale’s variation to be more realistic while keeping with the Townsend–Perry attached eddy spectrum is to add a new wavenumber range to the model at wavenumbers smaller than that spectrum. This necessary addition can also account for the high-Reynolds-number outer peak of the turbulent kinetic energy in the intermediate layer. An analytic expression is obtained for this outer peak in agreement with extremely high-Reynolds-number data by Hultmarket al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 108, 2012, 094501;J. Fluid Mech., vol. 728, 2013, pp. 376–395). Townsend’s (The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flows, 1976, Cambridge University Press) production–dissipation balance and the finding of Dallaset al. (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 80, 2009, 046306) that, in the intermediate layer, the eddy turnover time scales with skin friction velocity and distance to the wall implies that the logarithmic derivative of the mean flow has an outer peak at the same location as the turbulent kinetic energy. This is seen in the data of Hultmarket al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 108, 2012, 094501;J. Fluid Mech., vol. 728, 2013, pp. 376–395). The same approach also predicts that the logarithmic derivative of the mean flow has a logarithmic decay at distances to the wall larger than the position of the outer peak. This qualitative prediction is also supported by the aforementioned data.
A dataset from TIMSS to examine the relationship between computer use and mathematics achievement
Authors: Kadijevich Djordje M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBecause the relationship between computer use and achievement is still puzzling, there is a need to prepare and analyze good quality datasets on computer use and achievement. Such a dataset can be derived from TIMSS data. This paper describes how this dataset can be prepared. It also gives an example of how the dataset may be analyzed. The analysis evidenced that (1) computers should not be used frequently, and (2) they should be used as a learning tool more often than as an information tool.
Influence of niche similarity on hybridization betweenMyriophyllum sibiricumandM. spicatum
Authors: Wu Z. , Ding Z. , Yu D. , Xu X. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe impact of ecological factors on natural hybridization is of widespread interest. Here, we asked whether climate niche influences hybridization between the two closely related plant speciesMyriophyllum sibiricumandM. spicatum. Eight microsatellite loci and two chloroplast fragments were used to investigate the occurrence of hybridization between these two species in two co‐occurring regions: north‐east China (NEC) and the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP). The climate niches of the species were quantified by principal component analysis with bioclimatic data, and niche comparisons were performed between the two species in each region. Reciprocal hybridization was observed, andM. sibiricumwas favoured as the maternal species. Furthermore, hybrids were rare inNECbut common in theQTP. Accordingly, inNEC, the two species were climatically distinct, and hybrids only occurred in the narrow geographical or ecological transition zone, whereas in theQTP, obvious niche overlaps were found for the two species, and hybrids occurred in multiple contact zones. This association between hybridization pattern and climate niche similarity suggests that the level of hybridization was promoted by niche overlap. Compared with the parental species, similar climate niches were found for the hybrid populations in theQTP, indicating that other environmental factors rather than climate were important for hybrid persistence. Our findings highlight the significance of climate niche with respect to hybridization patterns in plants.
Reducing dosing errors and increasing clinical efficiency in Guatemala: first report of a novel mHealth medication dosing app in a developing country
Authors: Segal J Bradley , Arevalo John Benjamin , Franke Molly F , Palazuelos Daniel 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundMedication errors are known to be a widespread problem affecting patient safety and treatment efficacy. We were approached by a Guatemalan clinic interested in piloting an app to aid their junior clinicians in correctly calculating medication dosages.MethodsWe programmed a medication-dosing app using CommCare. In a prospective study among junior physicians at a small high-throughput clinic, we primarily assessed the app's dosing accuracy and efficiency. Secondarily, we measured the app's usability and effect on patient-centredness.ResultsSix clinicians aged 21–24 tested the app. Among 366 prescriptions, dosages were 40% more likely to be correct when calculated using the app (relative risk: 1.39; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.68; p=0.0005). Accuracy improved from 64.7% (N=156) to 92.4% (N=210). Using the app in a time-constrained context improved clinician efficiency by over 20% with a decrease in average consultation time of 1.5 min (p<0.0001) to 5.23 min on average (N=178). However, questionnaires revealed most clinicians did not believe the app improved efficiency, and none thought its recommendations were ‘always accurate’. No change in patient-centredness was observed (N=167).ConclusionsThe app was shown to be safe and efficient. Making this app available to junior physicians may significantly improve patient safety by enhancing dosing accuracy. This study demonstrates that dosing apps can be an efficacious means of decreasing medication errors in developing countries. We found that different strategies to introduce novel apps to providers might improve providers’ trust in the technologies and thereby make apps more efficacious.
ДІАГНОСТИКА ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ КРОВІ НА ОСНОВІ КЛАСТЕРНОГО АНАЛІЗУ ЗОБРАЖЕНЬ ГАЗОРОЗРЯДНОГО СВІТІННЯ
Authors: Hlukhova N. V. , Pisotska L. A. 
Published: June 2015

The problems of diagnosis of diseases of blood and the risk of their development, the analysis of the shortcomings of existing methods. A new approach to the implementation of screening studies, which is based on image capture gasdischarge radiation smears or drops of blood in the electromagnetic field of high voltage on x-ray film. In order to improve the reliability of diagnostic decisions by eliminating subjective factors proposed automated computer processing of images glow blood-based histogram brightness of pixels and performing procedures fuzzy cluster analysis method «fuzzy c-means». Informed choice of methodology radiation imaging of biological objects yielded satisfactory results in the field of diagnostic screening for blood diseases, early definition of risk incurred. The practical value of the proposed diagnostic technique is confirmed by the results of experimental data using cluster analysis.