bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive black spiny‐tailed iguanas (Ctenosaura similis) on Gasparilla Island, Florida, USA
Authors: AVERY Michael L. , TILLMAN Eric A. , SPURFELD Conny , ENGEMAN Richard M. , MACIEJEWSKI Kelin P. , BROWN Jessica D. , FETZER Emily A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe native range of Ctenosaura similis extends from southern Mexico through Panama. From an initial introduction of 3 animals in 1979, the species now numbers in the thousands on Gasparilla Island in southwest Florida. In response to complaints of property damage from residents and threats to native species, local officials and the US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services began a removal program in 2008. Through 2011, trappers removed 9467 ctenosaurs. The number removed declined from 32 iguanas/day in 2008 to 1.9 iguanas/day in 2011 despite no easing of the control effort. We necropsied 2757 ctenosaurs to document aspects of their natural history. Females outnumbered males overall, although the largest size class (>300 mm snout–vent length) included 32 males and just 2 females. Reproduction was seasonal. We found oviducal eggs in females from early Apr to early Jun, approximately 2 months later than C. similis in its native range. We trapped hatchlings from late Jul to early Oct coincident with the summer rainy season. Clutch size increased with female body size, with 62 being the largest clutch size recorded. In general, the biology of the invasive population on Gasparilla Island resembles native C. similis populations in Central America, except for the lack of large individuals. We suggest that shorter day length and colder temperatures create environmental conditions that are suboptimal for individual growth compared to those in the native range.
Seed traits and taxonomic relationships determine the occurrence of mutualisms versus seed predation in a tropical forest rodent and seed dispersal system
Authors: WANG Zhenyu , CAO Lin , ZHANG Zhibin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlthough many studies have been carried out on plant–animal mutualistic assemblages, the roles of functional traits and taxonomy in determining both whether interactions involve mutualisms or predation and the structure of such assemblages are unclear. We used semi‐natural enclosures to quantitatively assess the interaction strengths between seeds of 8 sympatric tree species and 4 rodent species in a tropical forest in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, Southwest China. We found 2 clusters of species in the seed–rodent network represented by 2 genera in the Fagaceae (Castanopsis, Lithocarpus). Compared to seeds of 3 Castanopsis species, seeds with heavy weight, hard coat or caloric content (including 3 Lithocarpus species) were eaten less and more frequently hoarded by rodents. In turn, hoarded seeds showed less predation and more mutualism with rodents. Our results suggest that seed traits significantly affected the hoarding behavior of rodents, and, consequently, the occurrence of mutualisms and predation as well as assemblage structure in the plant–animal seed dispersal system. Taxonomically‐related species with similar seed traits as functional groups belong to the same substructures in the assemblage. Our results indicate that both seed traits and taxonomic relationships may simplify thinking about seed dispersal systems by helping to elucidate whether interactions are likely to be dominated by predation or mutualism.
Factors associated with withdrawal of the anti‐TNFα biologics in the treatment of rheumatic diseases: data from the Hong Kong Biologics Registry
Authors: Mok Chi Chiu , Chan Ka Yan , Lee Ka Lai , Tam Lai Shan , Lee Ka Wing ,   the Hong Kong Society of Rheumatology
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo study the factors associated with withdrawal of the and tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti‐TNFα) biologics in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.MethodData from the Hong Kong Biologics Registry were retrieved. The cumulative rates of withdrawal of different biological agents were studied by Kaplan–Meier plot and the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) was calculated. Factors associated with the withdrawal of the anti‐TNFα agents were studied by Cox regression.ResultsBetween 2005 and 2013, 2059 courses of biologics were used in 1345 patients. After 3454 patient‐years, 1171 (57%) courses were terminated because of clinical inefficacy (38.1%), SAEs (22.3%) and financial reasons (15.9%). The most frequent SAEs (per 100‐patient‐years) were allergy (2.90), serious infections (1.34), tuberculosis (0.93) and infusion/injection site reaction (0.75). Among the anti‐TNFα agents, the cumulative probability of drug withdrawal for either inefficacy or SAEs in 5 years was highest with infliximab (IFX) (64.5%), followed by etanercept (ETN) (44.2%) and adalimumab (ADA) (36.9%). The incidence of serious infections and tuberculosis (per 100 patient‐years) for IFX, ETN and ADA users was 1.99, 0.85 and 0.63; and 1.68, 0.43 and 0.85, respectively. Infusion/injection site reaction was highest with IFX (1.38/100 patient‐years). Cox regression revealed increasing age, female sex, not having a diagnosis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) and IFX use were significantly associated with drug withdrawal for either inefficacy or SAEs. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had the highest hazard ratio for drug withdrawal but SpA was favorable for drug retention, after adjustment for age, sex, disease duration and the choice of anti‐TNFα agents.ConclusionsIn our registry, the retention rate of the anti‐TNFα agents was lowest but the incidence of tuberculosis, serious infections and infusion reaction was highest with IFX. Older female patients with RA and the use of IFX were independently associated with drug withdrawal.
Gaining views from pupils with autism about their participation in drama classes
Authors: Loyd Daisy 
Published: December 2013

Accessible Summary

Pupils with autism were interviewed about their participation in drama classes.

Interview approaches were devised so that the pupils could give their views.

These approaches used different ways to engage the pupils including widgit symbols, photographs and video.

The information the pupils gave was important in building an understanding of what they take away from drama sessions.

SummaryPupils with autism (aged 16–18) were interviewed as part of a study examining the participation of individuals with autism in drama education. This paper reflects on the approaches devised to gain views from ten pupils with autism who communicated in different ways. The procedure for gaining views from the pupils is explained, and the views they give are outlined. The pupils were able to identify aspects of drama education that they liked and did not like; share goals of drama education and communicate feelings about drama education. The views are discussed in terms of how they inform understandings of individuals with autism as well as their participation in drama education. Challenges specific to gaining views from a group of pupils with autism are considered and implications for future research presented.
The ecological and evolutionary implications of microrefugia
Authors: Mee Jonathan A. , Moore Jean‐Sébastien 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPleistocene microrefugia (or cryptic refugia) may be distinguished from macrorefugia (or conventional refugia) on the basis of two characteristics. First, microrefugia were smaller than macrorefugia and consequently supported smaller refugial populations. Second, microrefugia harboured less diverse biotic communities than macrorefugia. We propose that these characteristics have important implications for the ecology and evolution of species and populations that have a history of isolation in microrefugia. We propose four hypotheses regarding the evolution of microrefugial populations: (1) small effective population sizes associated with survival in microrefugia lead to reduced genetic diversity and influence the evolution of mating systems; (2) differences in environmental conditions between macro‐ and microrefugia lead to local adaptation; (3) reduced diversity increases ecological opportunity and promotes ecological divergence in microrefugia; and (4) reduced species diversity in microrefugia allows more specific species interactions and promotes coevolution among species. We urge biogeographers to study the evolutionary implications of isolation in microrefugia.
Candy consumption in childhood is not predictive of weight, adiposity measures or cardiovascular risk factors in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: O'Neil C. E. , Nicklas T. A. , Liu Y. , Berenson G. S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data available on the longitudinal relationship between candy consumption by children on weight and other cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in young adults. The present study investigated whether candy consumption in children was predictive of weight and CVRF in young adults.MethodsA longitudinal sample of children 10 years (n = 355; 61% females; 71% European‐Americans, 29% African‐Americans) who participated in cross‐sectional surveys from 1973 to 1984 (baseline) and in one of two surveys (follow‐ups) as young adults [19–38 years; mean (SD) = 23.6 (2.6) years] in Bogalusa, LA, were studied. Dietary data were collected using 24‐h dietary recalls at baseline and at one follow‐up survey; a food frequency questionnaire was used in the other follow‐up survey. Candy consumers were those consuming any amount of candy. Candy consumption was calculated (g day–1) from baseline 24‐h dietary recalls, and was used as a covariate in the adjusted linear mixed models. Dependent variables included body mass index (BMI) and CVRF measured in young adults.ResultsAt baseline, 92% of children reported consuming candy [46 (45) g day–1]; the percentage decreased to 67% [20 (30) g day–1] at follow‐up. No longitudinal relationship was shown between baseline candy consumption and BMI or CVRF in young adults, suggesting that candy consumption was not predictive of health risks later in life.ConclusionsThe consumption of nutrient rich foods consistent with dietary recommendations is important, although modest amounts of candy can be added to the diet without potential adverse long‐term consequences to weight or CVRF. Additional studies are needed to confirm these results.
Private Practice of Prosthodontists in the United States: Results from the 2008 & 2011 Surveys of Prosthodontists
Authors: Nash Kent D. , Benting Douglas G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this article is to review data and results from past surveys of prosthodontists sponsored and conducted by the American College of Prosthodontists. Surveys were conducted in 2002, 2005, 2008, and 2011. Selected survey results are examined for prosthodontists in private practice.Materials and MethodsResults from past surveys of prosthodontists were statistically examined and used to estimate several characteristics of the current population of practicing prosthodontists. The selected characteristics included age, gender, number of patient visits, hours in the practice, employment of staff, referral sources, and financial conditions (e.g., gross receipts, expenses in the practice, and net income of prosthodontists). While the most recent survey was conducted in 2011, the results reported by respondents are for the previous year, 2010.ResultsThe average age of a private practicing prosthodontist in 2010 reached 53 years; 26 years since graduation from dental school and 20 years since completion of residency; an average of 13 years in their current practice. Sixty percent were in solo practice. The mean number of hours per week in the practice was 35 hours, and practicing prosthodontists treated an average of 35 patient visits per week. The patient was the single largest source of referrals, while general practitioners were a close second. The largest percentage of time spent treating patients was for fixed prosthodontics (21%), which declined from a mean of 24.1% in 2007. The mean amount of gross billings in 2010 was $721,970, which was a decline from 2007. Average total practice expenses were $538,230, and the mean net earnings of prosthodontists in private practice were $238,010.ConclusionChanges have occurred since the last survey of prosthodontists in 2008 (with results for the year 2007). The prosthodontist private practice industry, not unlike dentistry as a whole, has undergone economic challenges that have affected the private practice of prosthodontists.
A Systematic Review of Screw‐ versus Cement‐Retained Implant‐Supported Fixed Restorations
Authors: Sherif Sami , Susarla Harlyn K. , Kapos Theodoros , Munoz Deborah , Chang Brian M. , Wright Robert F. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeTo systematically evaluate the survival and success of screw‐ versus cement‐retained implant crowns.Materials and MethodsThe authors performed an electronic search of nine databases using identical MeSH phrases. Systematic evaluation and data extraction of the articles from 1966 through 2007 were completed by three reviewers and two clinical academicians. The major outcome variable was implant or crown loss, and the minor outcome variables were screw loosening, decementation, and porcelain fracture. Random effects Poisson models were used to analyze the failure and complication rates.ResultsThe initial search produced 26,582 articles. Of these, 577 titles and subsequently 295 abstracts were available for evaluation, with 81 full texts meeting the criteria for review. Data were extracted from 23 level one and two research studies. Fleiss’ kappa interevaluator agreement ranged from almost perfect to moderate. Major failures included 0.71 screw‐retained and 0.87 cement‐retained failures per 100 years. Minor failures included 3.66 screw loosenings, 2.54 decementations, and 0.46 porcelain fractures per 100 years.ConclusionThere is no significant difference between cement‐ and screw‐retained restorations for major and minor outcomes with regard to implant survival or crown loss. This is important data, as clinicians use both methods of restoration, and neither is a form of inferior care.
Responders vs clinical response: a critical analysis of data from linaclotide phase 3 clinical trials in IBS‐C
Authors: Lacy B. E. , Lembo A. J. , MacDougall J. E. , Shiff S. J. , Kurtz C. B. , Currie M. G. , Johnston J. M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundUS Food and Drug Administration (FDA) set a rigorous standard for defining patient responders in irritable bowel syndrome‐C (IBS‐C; i.e., FDA's Responder Endpoint) for regulatory approval. However, this endpoint's utility for health‐care practitioners to assess clinical response has not been determined. We analyzed pooled IBS‐C linaclotide trial data to evaluate clinically significant responses in linaclotide‐treated patients who did not meet the FDA responder definition.MethodsPercentages of FDA non‐responders reporting improvement in abdominal pain, bowel function and/or global relief measures were determined using pooled data from two linaclotide Phase 3 IBS‐C trials.Key Results1602 IBS‐C patients enrolled; 34% of linaclotide‐treated and 17% of placebo‐treated patients met the FDA Responder Endpoint (p < 0.0001). Among FDA non‐responders at week 12, 63% of linaclotide‐treated patients reported their abdominal pain was at least somewhat relieved, compared with 48% of placebo‐treated patients. For stool frequency, 62% of linaclotide‐treated patients reported that they were at least somewhat improved at week 12, compared with 46% of placebo‐treated patients. For global IBS symptoms, 65% of linaclotide‐treated patients reported at least some IBS‐symptom relief, 43% reported adequate relief of IBS symptoms, and 57% reported being satisfied with linaclotide treatment, vs placebo rates of 48%, 34%, and 41% respectively.Conclusions & InferencesMost linaclotide‐treated IBS‐C patients who were FDA non‐responders reported some improvement in abdominal pain and stool frequency, and global relief/satisfaction. In addition to the FDA Responder Endpoint, differing response thresholds and symptom‐specific change from baseline should be considered by clinicians for a complete understanding of clinical response to linaclotide and other IBS‐C therapies.
Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Telcagepant in the Treatment of Acute Migraine: A meta‐Analysis
Authors: Cui Xiao‐ping , Ye Jian‐xin , Lin Hang , Mu Jun‐shan , Lin Min 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlthough triptans are widely used for treating acute migraine, they are contraindicated or not effective in a large proportion of patients. Hence, alternative treatments are needed. Calcitonin gene–related peptide receptor antagonists, such as telcagepant, have been under investigation as a treatment for acute migraine. A meta‐analysis of the efficacy of telcagepant vs. placebo and triptans (zolmitriptan or rizatriptan) was performed. Randomized controlled trials were indentified from databases using the following search terms: migraine; calcitonin gene‐related peptide; calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antagonists; efficacy; safety, and telcagepant. The primary outcome measure was pain freedom 2 hours after first treatment. The secondary outcome measure was pain relief 2 hours after first treatment. Eight trials were included in the meta‐analysis (telcagepant = 4011 participants). The difference in pain freedom at 2 hours significantly favored telcagepant over placebo (odds ratio = 2.70, 95% confidence interval = 2.27–3.21, P < 0.001) and triptans over telcagepant (odds ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval = 0.56–0.83, P < 0.001). The difference in pain relief at 2 hours significantly favored telcagepant over placebo (odds ratio = 2.48, 95% confidence interval = 2.18–2.81, P < 0.001). The difference in pain relief at 2 hours did not significantly favor telcagepant over triptans or vice versa (odds ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval = 0.57–1.01, P = 0.061). These findings indicate that telcagepant can be effective for treating acute migraine. Calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antagonists represent a potentially important alternative means of treating acute migraine.
A new species ofPseudotettigoniaZeuner (Orthoptera:Tettigoniidae) with an intact stridulatory field and reexamination of the subfamilyPseudotettigoniinae
Authors: GREENWALT DALE E. , RUST JES 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPseudotettigonia leonasp.n.is described from a single left forewing collected from theMiddleEoceneKishenehnFormation in northwesternMontana, U.S.A.P. leonais the second of only two fossil macropterousTettigoniidae that preserve an intact stridulatory apparatus. The subfamilyPseudotettigoniinae is reexamined. The specific epithetbriceiis assigned to thelateMiocene fossil tettigoniidTettigonia briceisp.n., originally described as the extantTettigonia viridissima.This published work has been registered in ZooBank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E69E83CE‐9046‐4BBD‐AA11‐E0AD0C382700.
Governance and Globalisation
Authors: Berden Koen , Bergstrand Jeffrey H. , van Etten Eva 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUnlike the large literature on ‘democracy and trade’, there is a much smaller literature on the effect of the level of democracy in a nation on the level of its foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow. These few studies reveal mixed empirical results, and surprisingly only one study has examined bilateral FDI flows. Moreover, few of these studies use multiple governance indicators separating the ‘pluralism’ effect of democratic institutions from the ‘good governance’ effect, there are no studies on democratic institutions’ various effects on the level of FDI relative to trade, and there are no studies of democratic institutions’ various effects on the selection of countries into FDI. We focus on three contributions. First, we examine the simultaneous effects of the World Bank's (six) Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGIs) – which allow separating the effects of pluralism from those of five other good governance measures – on bilateral trade, FDI and FDI relative to trade using state‐of‐the‐art gravity specifications. Second, we find strong evidence that – after accounting for host governments’ effectiveness in various roles of good governance – a higher level of pluralism as measured by the WGIs’ Voice and Accountability Index reduces trade levels, likely by increasing the ‘voice’ of more protectionist less‐skilled workers, but not FDI levels. Moreover, we find qualitatively different effects of other WGIs – such as political stability – on trade versus FDI flows. Third, we account for firm heterogeneity alongside a large number of zeros in bilateral FDI flows using recent advances in gravity modelling. We distinguish between the (country) intensive and extensive margins and show that pluralism affects FDI inflows negatively at the intensive margin, but positively at the extensive margin.
Cross‐Sectional Serosurvey of Avian Influenza Antibodies Presence in Domestic Ducks of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Karki S. , Lupiani B. , Budke C. M. , Manandhar S. , Ivanek R. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryKathmandu, Nepal has been classified as a high‐risk area for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) by the Nepali Government. While ducks have an important role in the transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIV), including HPAI, seroprevalence of antibodies to AIV in domestic ducks of Kathmandu has never been assessed. The objectives of this study were (i) to estimate the prevalence of seroconversion to AIV in domestic ducks in major duck‐raising areas of Kathmandu and (ii) to assess the effect of age, sex, presence of swine and the number of ducks on the farm on the carriage of antibodies to AIV in these ducks. From April through July of 2011, a cross‐sectional study was conducted and a total of 310 ducks in the major duck‐raising areas of Kathmandu were sampled. The estimated prevalence of AIV antibodies was 27.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 24.6–29.5]. Of 62 enrolled farms, 42% had at least one seropositive duck. Half of the enrolled farms also kept pigs of which 52% had at least one seropositive duck. Bivariate analysis indicated association between ducks' seroconversion to AIV and their age, sex and farm size. However, the final multivariable model, after controlling for clustering of ducks within farms, identified age as the only significant risk factor. Based on this model, ducks older than 1 year of age were more likely to be seropositive compared to ducks <6 months of age [odds ratio = 2.17 (1.07–4.39)]. These results provide baseline information about the AIV seroprevalence in domestic ducks in the major duck‐raising areas of Kathmandu and identify a high‐risk group that can be targeted in surveillance activities. Future studies should be conducted to differentiate the subtypes of AIV present among domestic ducks in Kathmandu, with particular interest in the presence of HPAI viruses.
New β-Lactamase Inhibitors: a Therapeutic Renaissance in an MDR World
Authors: Drawz Sarah M. , Papp-Wallace Krisztina M. , Bonomo Robert A. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAs the incidence of Gram-negative bacterial infections for which few effective treatments remain increases, so does the contribution of drug-hydrolyzing β-lactamase enzymes to this serious clinical problem. This review highlights recent advances in β-lactamase inhibitors and focuses on agents with novel mechanisms of action against a wide range of enzymes. To this end, we review the β-lactamase inhibitors currently in clinical trials, select agents still in preclinical development, and older therapeutic approaches that are being revisited. Particular emphasis is placed on the activity of compounds at the forefront of the developmental pipeline, including the diazabicyclooctane inhibitors (avibactam and MK-7655) and the boronate RPX7009. With its novel reversible mechanism, avibactam stands to be the first new β-lactamase inhibitor brought into clinical use in the past 2 decades. Our discussion includes the importance of selecting the appropriate partner β-lactam and dosing regimens for these promising agents. This “renaissance” of β-lactamase inhibitors offers new hope in a world plagued by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria.