bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actitudes lingüísticas en Cuba. Cambios positivos hacia la variante nacional de lengua
Authors: Sobrino Triana Roxana , Montero Bernal Lourdes E. , Menéndez Pryce América J. 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de La Habana, frente al español de Cuba y hacia el español de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes, estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. El análisis está centrado en las denominaciones dadas a la lengua española, las percepciones cognitivo-lingüísticas y las actitudes, tanto positivas como negativas, que manifiestan los informantes hacia su variedad nacional y el resto de los países hispanohablantes, así como las opiniones sobre corrección y unidad lingüísticas. Entre los resultados obtenidos destaca la valoración positiva hacia la variante cubana, en relación con investigaciones anteriores. El estudio contribuye a actualizar el panorama sobre actitudes en Cuba y se suma a la serie de trabajos, que con una metodología común, se han realizado en el mundo hispánico dentro del proyecto LIAS.

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Havana, towards Spanish spoken in Cuba and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The analysis addresses several issues, such as the various names given to the Spanish language in Cuba, the cognitive linguistic perceptions and the positive and negative attitudes of Cuban speakers towards Spanish, as well as their opinions about linguistic correctnes and linguistic unity. Results show a higher positive attitude towards Cuban Spanish compared to the results of previous research in the country. The results in this article contribute to bringing up to date our knowledge about linguistic attitudes in Cuba, and is part of a series of articles carried out by the LIAS-Project in the Spanish-speaking world, all based on the same methodology.
Actitudes Lingüísticas en Guatemala. Creencias y actitudes lingüísticas respecto al español de los chapines capitalinos
Authors: Acevedo Ana Luisa , Quesada Pacheco Miguel Ángel 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la Ciudad de Guatemala, hacia al español del país y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando una muestra de 402 personas, previamente estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. En el artículo se presentan las actitudes cognitivas y afectivas de los guatemaltecos hacia las variantes de la lengua española en el ámbito nacional y en el de los demás países hispanohablantes; asimismo se presentan las opiniones y preferencias de los entrevistados sobre el uso de la lengua de los medios de comunicación en el país y sobre la unidad y la corrección lingüísticas.

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Guatemala City towards Spanish spoken in the country and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. The article is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital, interviewing a stratified sample of 402 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. This article presents Guatemalans' cognitive and affective attitudes towards different Spanish varieties in the country and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. Their opinions and preferences are also described regarding the use of language in the media, and about language unity and linguistic correctness.
Actitudes lingüísticas de los hablantes de Managua, Nicaragua
Authors: Zamora Úbeda Zobeyda Catalina 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de Managua, hacia al español de Nicaragua y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico, en la capital del país. Esta investigación acerca de las actitudes lingüísticas hacia el español de Nicaragua y el de los demás países de habla hispana es la primera de su tipo en el país. Los resultados más relevantes muestran que mayoritariamente se nombra español a la lengua que se habla. El español de la capital es el que más les agrada a los entrevistados y estos lo perciben como un habla muy similar a la de la región del Pacífico. Por otro lado, el habla de la región Central se considera diferente y no gusta tanto. En lo relacionado con las variantes hispanoamericanas, consideran que el español peninsular es bastante correcto mientras que el de Costa Rica no lo es. A pesar de este hecho, los datos muestran que hay señales de que los nicaragüenses sienten una creciente autoestima por su propia variante de la lengua española.

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from the city of Managua, towards Spanish spoken in Nicaragua and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Norwegian Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. This research study of language attitudes towards the Spanish of Nicaragua and the other Spanish-speaking countries is the first of its kind in the country. The main results show that the language spoken in the country is mostly named español. The Spanish language of the capital is the one respondents like the most, and is also perceived as very similar to the way people speak in the Pacific region. On the other hand, the Spanish of the Central region is considered different and not as agreeable. In relation to the other Spanish-American variants, Spain is considered to have a very correct variety, while Spanish in Costa Rica is not. In spite of this fact, there are signs that Nicaraguans have an increasingly high esteem for their own variety of the Spanish language.
Actitudes lingüísticas en Panamá. Incursión en la percepción sociolingüística y la valoración de la lengua por los hispanohablantes panameños
Authors: Tinoco Tarahy 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la Ciudad de Panamá hacia al español del país y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo hace parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. La necesidad de llevar a cabo estudios sobre actitudes lingüísticas en Panamá ha resultado imperiosa, puesto que las investigaciones de esa naturaleza son escasas. Este trabajo es el primero en estudiar la percepción que tienen los panameños sobre su lengua, el español hablado en Panamá, de las variantes dialectales americanas, de la peninsular, y su conciencia lingüística sobre la unidad de la lengua española y la corrección lingüística.

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Panama City towards Spanish spoken in the country, and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The need to carry out studies on linguistic attitudes in Panama has been very important because this type of studies is scarce in the country. This research study is the first to analyze the perceptions of Panamanian citizens towards their own variety: Spanish spoken in Panama, as well as their perceptions of the American and peninsular varieties of Spanish, and of their awareness of language unity and linguistic correctness.
Actitudes lingüísticas en el Perú. Predominancia del castellano de la costa central y norte
Authors: Arias Torres Ana Gloria 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de los hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de Lima hacia al español del Perú y hacia el español de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes previamente estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Como conclusión se ha comprobado que la mayoría de la población identifica su forma de hablar con las variedades de las zonas de la costa central y norte. Específicamente tienen valoración positiva las hablas de Lima y Trujillo; la valoración negativa se observa en algunas hablas de la capital, la sierra sur, la sierra central, y el oriente norte, por considerarlas formas muy diferentes, con acentos muy marcados.

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Lima towards Spanish spoken in Peru and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results confirm that most of the population of the capital perceive their own speech to be very similar to the Spanish spoken in the central and northern regions of the country. The Spanish variety of Lima and Trujillo are valued positively, while some dialects of the capital, the southern and central sierras and the northeastern region are considered very different due to their strong accents.
Actitudes lingüísticas en República Dominicana. Conciencia e identidad lingüísticas en la ciudad de Santo Domingo
Authors: Serverino Cerda Glennys Miguelina 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de Santo Domingo hacia al español de la República Dominicana y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 401 personas, estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Los resultados muestran el nivel de identificación que tienen los dominicanos sobre su dialecto, el cual es bajo, ya que solo se prefiere ante circunstancias especiales justificadas por la necesidad de comunicarse y de que el mensaje llegue correctamente. Asimismo se observa que los capitalinos prefieren la propia variante de español y luego las de España, Colombia y Venezuela, pero también se identifican con el habla de los países caribeños vecinos, especialmente con el habla cubana.

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish-speakers from Santo Domingo towards Spanish spoken in the Dominican Republic and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital, interviewing a stratified sample of 401 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results demonstrate the limited extent to which Dominicans identify with their dialect, as they prefer it only under particular circumstances justified by the necessity of communicating and in order to make sure to get the message correctly across. Similarly the observation was made that people from the capital prefer their own variant of Spanish and thereafter those of Spain, Colombia and Venezuela, but they also identify with the spoken language of the Caribbean neighboring countries, particularly the spoken language of Cuba.
Cuestionario LIAS para entrevistas
Authors: LIAS Proyecto 
Published: November 2014

El cuestionario que se presenta a continuación es el que, en principio, se empleó
en cada una de las capitales encuestadas, tanto en Hispanoamérica como
en España. Sin embargo, es menester aclarar que en algunas capitales las personas
investigadoras realizaron enmiendas y adaptaciones por cuenta propia,
según los intereses y las inquietudes de cada investigador para su país.
Monomial Ideals of Graphs with Loops
Authors: Imbesi Maurizio , Barbiera Monica La 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We investigate, using the notion of linear quotients, significative classes of connected graphs whose monomial edge ideals, not necessarily squarefree, have linear resolution, in order to compute standard algebraic invariants of the polynomial ring related to these graphs modulo such ideals. Moreover we are able to determine the structure of the ideals of vertex covers for the edge ideals associated to the previous classes of graphs which can have loops on any vertex. Lastly, it is shown that these ideals are of linear type.
Myth, Religion, and the Man Behind the Curtain
Authors: Ostling Michael 
Published: November 2014

Abstract:The Wizard of Oz exemplifies the “experience of order” some scholars have posited as the heart of both religion and film. But it also undermines the notion that such order requires a transcendent guarantee. Oz provides a vision of religion as no less powerful for having been unmasked as the product of interpersonal human collusion in illusion, thereby reversing the film’s implicit critique of religion. The essay makes use of the motif of “the man behind the curtain” to explore and critique theories of myth and religion from Karl Marx to Russell McCutcheon, Sam Gill, and Jonathan Z. Smith.
Indonesian Pesantren and Community Social Change: Moderate Islam’s Use of Media and Technology as Tools for Community Engagement
Authors: Ritchey Jeff , Muchtar Nurhaya 
Published: November 2014

Abstract: This article explores the use of media and technology by Indonesian Islamic schools or pesantren in non-formal, community-based educational initiatives to bring about social change. Interviews with ten pesantren leaders were conducted in order to better understand their perceptions on how their schools have used media and technology in response to reports of pesantren involvement in terrorist activities. The findings suggest that while these leaders are conscious of the image linking pesantren with radical Islamic teachings, they have responded to these critiques through the adoption of technology as a tool for educating the broader local community.
The Anonymous Theology ofModern Family
Authors: Kelly Conor 
Published: November 2014

Abstract:The popular television show Modern Family follows sitcom conventions and attempts to send a moral message about how relatives can live well together. An examination of the specific content of this message shows that it prioritizes self-giving love for the sake of forgiveness and reconciliation. This creates a recognizable parallel with the Christian conception of agape, and a discussion of this notion in the work of Karl Rahner in conjunction with his idea of the “anonymous Christian” allows for the identification of Modern Family’s moral vision as an anonymous theology of family ripe with theological significance and pedagogical potential.
Synthesis of Rice Bran Fatty Acids (RBFAs) Based Cationic Surfactants and Evaluation of Their Performance Properties in Combination with Nonionic Surfactant
Authors: Gunjan  , Tyagi Vinod K. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Cationic surfactants are mainly used for fabric softening in laundry applications. Esterquats are one class of cationic surfactants and are superseding other existing cationic surfactants on account of their excellent biodegradability. However, indigenous and cost-effective production of esterquats poses new challenges for the researchers. The availability of rice bran fatty acids and its price structure in Indian scenario makes this fatty feedstock quite lucrative for cost-effective synthesis of cationic surfactants. In the present study, esterquats based on rice bran fatty acids (RBFAs) were synthesized by using different alkanolamines i. e. diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA) and dimethyl sulphate (DMS) for obtaining cationic surfactants which was used as active softener ingredient. For this purpose, esterquats have been synthesized by esterification of RBFAs and alkanolamines to recover diesters followed by the subsequent quaternization of diesters by DMS. It was found that the optimum reaction conditions for esterification of RBFAs and DEA was 140 °C and 3 h of duration. However, for RBFAs and TEA, it was found to be 140 °C and 4 h of duration. The chemical structures of diesters and esterquats were confirmed by FT-IR and NMR spectra. Studies of surface active and performance properties of these surfactants showed that esterquats based on TEA had better surface active and performance properties as compared to DEA based esterquats. The synthesized cationic surfactants when mixed with nonionic surfactant showed better performance properties as compared to the nonionic surfactant alone.
Methanesulfonic Acid as a More Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Lauraldehyde Glycerol Acetal
Authors: Zhang Tong , Li Xu , Dong Jinxiang 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to describe a more efficient catalyst for the synthesis of lauraldehyde glycerol acetal. Catalytic effect of methane sulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid were compared. With a mixture of 0.67 wt.% methanesulfonic acid in relation to lauraldehyde, equimolar amounts of glycerol and lauraldehyde being stirred at 110 °C for 2.5 h, the yield of the product was 76.32 %. When p-toluenesulfonic acid was used, the amount of the catalyst was 0.91 wt.% and the yield of the product was 62.91 % after reacting for 2.5 h at 120 °C. The result reveals that methane sulfonic acid is more efficient. Surface tension measurements showed that critical micelle concentration of the product catalyzed by methanesulfonic acid was 5.33 × 10−5 mol · L−1, and at this point the surface tension could achieve about 24 mN m−1.
Junction Characteristics System Based on Composite Organic Semiconductors: Polystyrene/Polyaniline Doped by [BMIM] [BF4] Ionic Liquid
Authors: Fetouhi Bekhaled , Benabdellah Abdelkader , Belarbi El Habib , Ilikti Hocine , Benabdallah Tayeb 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A junction of emeraldine salt (ES [BF4
−]) doped by [BMIM] [BF4] may be preferred over the other junctions due to its low ideality factor and maximum rectification ratio. Schottky barrier diode based on composite of polyaniline (ES [BF4
−]) with polystyrene has been created and characterized using aluminium as Schottky contact and argent as an ohmic contact. The observed current–voltage characteristics can be satisfactorily fitted using the modified Schottky equation. Capacitance–voltage (C–V) in reverse bias and current–voltage (I–V) plots indicates a rectification. Various junction parameters were calculated from the temperature dependent I–V and C–V data and discussed. These results indicate that the composite materials have better mechanical strength and diode quality compared to the pure semiconducting polymer.
Unstable moyamoya disease: clinical features and impact on perioperative ischemic complications
Authors: Funaki Takeshi , Takahashi Jun C. , Takagi Yasushi , Kikuchi Takayuki , Yoshida Kazumichi , Mitsuhara Takafumi , Kataoka Hiroharu , Okada Tomohisa , Fushimi Yasutaka , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
Unstable moyamoya disease, reasonably defined as cases exhibiting either rapid disease progression or repeated ischemic stroke, represents a challenge in the treatment of moyamoya disease. Despite its overall efficacy, direct bypass for such unstable disease remains controversial in terms of safety. This study aims to reveal factors associated with unstable disease and to assess its impact on postoperative silent or symptomatic ischemic lesions.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort study included both pediatric and adult patients with moyamoya disease who had undergone 140 consecutive direct bypass procedures at Kyoto University Hospital. “Unstable moyamoya disease” was defined as either the rapid progression of a steno-occlusive lesion or repeat ischemic stroke, either occurring within 6 months of surgery. The extent of progression was determined through a comparison of the findings between 2 different MR angiography sessions performed before surgery. The clinical variables of the stable and unstable disease groups were compared, and the association between unstable disease and postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)–detected lesion was assessed through univariate and multivariate analyses with generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS
Of 134 direct bypass procedures performed after patients had undergone at least 2 sessions of MR angiography, 24 (17.9%) were classified as cases of unstable disease. Age younger than 3 years (p = 0.029), underlying disease causing moyamoya syndrome (p = 0.049), and radiographic evidence of infarction (p = 0.030) were identified as factors associated with unstable disease. Postoperative DWI-defined lesions were detected after 13 of 140 procedures (9.3%), although only 4 lesions (2.9%) could be classified as a permanent complication. The incidence of postoperative DWI-detected lesions in the unstable group was notable at 33.3% (8 of 24). Univariate analysis revealed that unstable disease (p < 0.001), underlying disease (p = 0.028), and recent stroke (p = 0.012) were factors associated with DWI-detected lesions. Unstable disease remained statistically significant after adjustment for covariates in both the primary and sensitivity analyses (primary analysis: OR 6.62 [95% CI 1.79–24.5]; sensitivity analysis: OR 5.36 [95% CI 1.47–19.6]).

CONCLUSIONS
Unstable moyamoya disease, more prevalent in younger patients and those with underlying disease, is a possible risk factor for perioperative ischemic complications. Recognition of unstable moyamoya disease may contribute to an improved surgical result through focused perioperative management based on appropriate surgical risk stratification.