bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) microgel‐based assemblies
Authors: Hu Liang , Sarker Avijeet K. , Islam Molla R. , Li Xue , Lu Zhenzhen , Serpe Michael J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThermally responsive poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm)‐based hydrogel particles (microgels) have been extensively studied over past few decades. We, and others, have found that assemblies of these microgels exhibit unique properties that make them useful such as nonfouling surface coatings, drug release/delivery vehicles, and sensors. In this submission, we review our efforts to develop novel water remediation systems and optical devices from pNIPAm‐based microgels. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3004–3020
Indicators of Recovery, Indications for Policy
Authors: Weil Frederick 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDaniel Aldrich has written a masterful book with Building Resilience: Social Capital in Post‐Disaster Recovery. In this comment on the book, I discuss some of the challenges he faced and tried to overcome in finding and using indicators of social capital and disaster recovery. Having recently completed a very large data collection effort myself in post‐Katrina New Orleans, I describe some of the tasks that face researchers. I also highlight some of the requirements of combining survey with spatial and government data. Then I discuss some of the policy issues in recovery. I share Aldrich's skepticism of top‐down approaches, though of course they are a necessary component, and describe some ways they may be unhelpful or even counterproductive. When community members work together effectively, they can sometimes even bend the curve of resources required for recovery.
Beyond Social Capital: Social Justice in Recovery and Resilience
Authors: Williamson Thad 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFocusing on the case of post‐Katrina New Orleans, this essay argues that the framework of social capital used by Daniel Aldrich in Building Resilience needs to be supplemented by an explicit account of social justice. Policymakers must recognize the ways in which social capital can exacerbate deep social inequalities that impact residents' vulnerability to disasters. Concern with strengthening social capital should be matched by concern with rectifying severe inequalities.
Biodegradable Polysilsesquioxane Nanoparticles as Efficient Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Vivero‐Escoto Juan L. , Rieter William J. , Lau Honam , Huxford‐Phillips Rachel C. , Lin Wenbin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPolysilsesquioxane (PSQ) nanoparticles are crosslinked homopolymers formed by condensation of functionalized trialkoxysilanes, and provide an interesting platform for developing biologically and biomedically relevant nanomaterials. In this work, the design and synthesis of biodegradable PSQ particles with extremely high payloads of paramagnetic Gd(III) centers is explored, for use as efficient contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two new bis(trialkoxysilyl) derivatives of Gd(III) diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (Gd‐DTPA) containing disulfide linkages are synthesized and used to form biodegradable Gd‐PSQ particles by base‐catalyzed condensation reactions in reverse microemulsions. The Gd‐PSQ particles, PSQ‐1 and PSQ‐2, carry 53.8 wt% and 49.3 wt% of Gd‐DTPA derivatives, respectively. In addition, the surface carboxy groups on the PSQ‐2 particles can be modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the anisamide (AA) ligand to enhance biocompatibility and cell uptake, respectively. The Gd‐PSQ particles are readily degradable to release the constituent Gd(III) chelates in the presence of endogenous reducing agents such as cysteine and glutathione. The MR relaxivities of the Gd‐PSQ particles are determined using a 3T MR scanner, with r1 values ranging from 5.9 to 17.8 mMs−1 on a per‐Gd basis. Finally, the high sensitivity of the Gd‐PSQ particles as T1‐weighted MR contrast agents is demonstrated with in vitro MR imaging of human lung and pancreatic cancer cells. The enhanced efficiency of the anisamide‐functionalized PSQ‐2 particles as a contrast agent is corroborated by both confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging and ICP‐MS analysis of Gd content in vitro.
Science identity trajectories of latecomers to science in college
Authors: Jackson Phoebe A. , Seiler Gale 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study introduces a new group of students to the postsecondary science agenda: latecomers to science. Latecomers, who enter postsecondary science through alternative routes because they are missing prerequisites, are less likely to graduate than traditional science students. Challenges to latecomers' persistence are explored through two questions: (1) What trends in science identity trajectories are latecomers to science able to construct during their first year in a college science program? (2) How are latecomers' identity trajectories constrained by or improvised with the cultural models and associated resources available in the figured world of a college science program? These questions are investigated through an analysis of educational activities, reflective writings, and interviews of nine latecomers. We view identification as analogous to velocity and demonstrate how recurring forces exerted by figured worlds and cultural models within them create patterns of acceleration towards or away from science, thus supporting or hindering persistence as identity trajectories gain or lose momentum. Findings show that latecomers' persistence was greatly constrained by two cultural models from the science program: good science students follow a paradigmatic sequence of courses and consistently earn good grades. Occasionally, latecomers improvised to resist these constraints. We illustrate our findings through three cases exemplifying inbound, outbound, and peripheral trends, offering a method of representing trajectories that may lead to new understandings of persistence. We also suggest implications for better supporting latecomers and connect this research to recent developments in the theoretical and methodological use of identity trajectories in understanding access to science. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 826–857, 2013
Lunch energy density and the metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Menegotto Giovana , Moraes Silva Flávia , de Azevedo Mirela Jobim , de Almeida Jussara Carnevale 
Published: April 2013

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible associations between dietary energy density (ED) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the present case–control study, the dietary ED of 125 patients with type 2 diabetes (seventy-eight with (cases) the MetS and forty-seven without (controls) the MetS; mean age 62·0 (sd9·4) years, mean diabetes duration 12·5 (sd8·4) years and mean glycated Hb 7·2 (sd1·3) %) was assessed by weighed diet records. The MetS was defined according to the 2009 Joint Interim Statement and ED by the amount of energy (kJ) in a given weight of food. Data are expressed as means (standard deviations) or medians (interquartile ranges). Patients with the MetS reported lower intakes of total energy and fibre, and a higher total food amount than the controls; the total ED did not differ, but the cases had a higher ED at lunch (mean 6·3 (sd1·3)v. 5·9 (sd0·8) kJ/g;P= 0·017). In this meal, patients with the MetS had lower intakes of beans (median 0·7 (interquartile range 0·4–1·1)v. 1·1 (interquartile range 0·6–1·6) g/kg;P= 0·020), vegetables (median 1·2 (interquartile range 0·6–1·7)v. 1·4 (interquartile range 1·0–2·0) g/kg;P= 0·046) and total meat (median 1·3 (interquartile range 1·0–1·6)v. 1·4 (interquartile range 1·2–1·8) g/kg;P= 0·034) than patients without the MetS. The associations between lunch ED (kJ/g) and food groups (g/kg) were confirmed for vegetables (r− 0·584;P< 0·001), fruits (r− 0·233;P= 0·070), beans (r− 0·189;P= 0·037) and oils (r0·323;P< 0·001). In a multivariate logistic regression model, a high lunch ED was associated with the MetS (OR 6·89, 95 % CI 1·35, 35·15;P =0·020) after adjusting for confounders. In conclusion, a high ED at lunch increased the odds of the presence of the MetS in patients with type 2 diabetes. Beans and vegetables may be the major contributors to this association and their consumption might be considered to decrease ED.
EPINICIAN VARIATIONS: MUSIC AND TEXT IN PINDAR,PYTHIANS2 AND 12
Authors: Phillips Tom 
Published: April 2013

The importance of music for epinician, as for all other types of choral performance in Archaic and Classical Greece, has long been recognized, but the exiguousness of the evidence for the compositional principles behind such music, and for what these poems actually sounded like in performance, has limited scholarly enquiries. Examination of Pindar's texts themselves for evidence of his musical practices was for a long time dominated by extensive and often inconclusive debate about the relations between metres and modes. More recently scholars have begun to explore Pindar's relations to contemporary developments in musical performance, and in doing so have opened up new questions about how music affected audiences as aesthetically and culturally significant in its own right, and how it interacted with the language of the text. This article will investigate the performance scenarios of two of Pindar's epinicians, arguing that in each case the poems contain indications of specific musical accompaniments, and use these scenarios as a starting point for engaging with wider interpretative questions. The self-referential dimension of these compositions will be of particular importance; I shall argue that Pindar deployed a type of musical intertextuality, in which his compositions draw on pre-existing melodic structures, utilizing their cultural associations for the purposes of his own pieces, a process crucial to the dynamics of performance of the poems concerned. By doing so I shall attempt to reach a better understanding of the roles played by music in epinician performance and of Pindar's place in relation to the musical culture in which he worked.
Is Blu-tack as effective at attenuating sound as over-the-counter ear plugs?
Authors: Watson G J , Trainor G , Camilleri A E 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:To demonstrate that Blu-tack is equally effective at attenuating sound as over-the-counter ear plugs.Methods:Nineteen healthy volunteers had their hearing thresholds assessed before and after the insertion of over-the-counter ear plugs. The results were compared with hearing thresholds following the insertion of Blu-tack. Thresholds were tested at: 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz. The differences were compared, and p values of less than 0.02 were regarded as significant. Using a visual analogue scale, volunteers were asked to assess the comfort and ease of insertion of the ear plugs and Blu-tack, and their peace of mind whilst using the ear plugs and Blu-tack.Results:Blu-tack was less effective at attenuating sound at low frequencies, but was as effective as over-the-counter ear plugs at attenuating sound above 3 kHz. Blu-tack was significantly more comfortable to wear (p = 0.006). There was no difference in terms of ease of insertion and peace of mind.Conclusion:Blu-tack can be regarded as a comfortable alternative to over-the-counter ear plugs for the attenuation of everyday sound.
Syntheses and crystal structures of Li(Ta0.89Ti0.11)O2.945and (Li0.977Eu0.023)(Ta0.89Ti0.11)O2.968
Authors: Uchida Tomohiro , Suehiro Shiho , Asaka Toru , Nakano Hiromi , Fukuda Koichiro 
Published: April 2013

Crystal structures of Li(Ta0.89Ti0.11)O2.945and (Li0.977Eu0.023)(Ta0.89Ti0.11)O2.968were investigated by laboratory X-ray powder diffraction. Both title compounds were trigonal with space groupR3candZ = 6. The hexagonal unit-cell dimensions werea = 0.514 82 9(2) nm,c = 1.377 61 2(4) nm, andV = 0.316 21 6(2) nm3for the former compound anda = 0.517 71 2(2) nm,c = 1.373 50 0(6) nm, andV = 0.318 81 2(3) nm3for the latter. The initial structural models, being isostructural with LiTaO3, were refined by the Rietveld method. The maximum-entropy method-based pattern fitting (MPF) method was subsequently used to confirm the validity of the structural models, in which conventional structure bias caused by assuming intensity partitioning was minimized. Atomic arrangements of the final structural models were in excellent agreement with the three-dimensional electron-density distributions determined by MPF.
Prevalence ofAnaplasma phagocytophiluminfection in European wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations from Transylvania, Romania
Authors: KISS T. , CADAR D. , KRUPACI F. A. , BORDEANU A. D. , SPÎNU M. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYBetween 2007–2008 and 2010–2012, 870 organ samples were collected from wild boars in 16 Transylvanian counties.Anaplasma phagocytophilumDNA was identified using a nested PCR protocol that amplifies a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. Prevalence was compared between sampling periods and counties using Fisher's exact test. In total, 39 (4·48%) samples tested positive, with significantly higher values recorded in the second period, caused by an increased infection rate in boars from Sibiu county. Positive cases tended to concentrate in the central part of the country. During the second sampling period,A. phagocytophilumwas detected in two additional counties, suggesting a spatial spreading of the pathogen. The results confirm that Transylvanian wild boars are naturally infected withA. phagocytophilum, thus raising awarness concerning a potential zoonotic cycle. This is the first study to evaluate spatial and temporal variations ofA. phagocytophilumdistribution in wild boar populations from Transylvania.
Human cases of Sindbis fever in South Africa, 2006–2010
Authors: STORM N. , WEYER J. , MARKOTTER W. , KEMP A. , LEMAN P.A. , DERMAUX-MSIMANG V. , NEL L. H. , PAWESKA J. T. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYSindbis virus (SINV), the prototype positive-sense RNA alphavirus, causes febrile arthritis and is present throughout Afro-Eurasia. Little is known of the epidemiology of Sindbis fever due to insufficient surveillance in most endemic countries. The epidemiological features of Sindbis fever in humans in South Africa are described here based on a retrospective study of suspected arbovirus cases submitted for laboratory investigation from 2006 to 2010. Cases were detected annually mostly during the late summer/early autumn months and an increase in cases was noted for 2010, coinciding with an outbreak of Rift Valley fever. Cases were reported most often from the central plateau of South Africa and involved mostly males. No severe or fatal cases were reported and cases were associated with febrile arthralgia as commonly reported for SINV infection. Further surveillance is required to reveal the true extent of the morbidity of Sindbis fever in South Africa.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Colonization Prevalence among Emergency Medical Services Personnel
Authors: Amiry Alaa Al , Bissell Richard A. , Maguire Brian J. , Alves Donald W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization among Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel is not well studied. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization can be a health hazard for both EMS personnel and patients. The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of MRSA colonization among EMS personnel. This study will help the scientific community understand the extent of this condition so that further protocols and policies can be developed to support the health and wellbeing of EMS personnel.Hypothesis/ ProblemThe hypothesis of this study was that the prevalence of MRSA colonization among EMS personnel is significantly higher than among the general population.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. A total of 110 subjects were selected from two major US Mid-Atlantic fire departments. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization was detected by nasal swabbing. Nasal swabs were inoculated onto a special agar medium (C-MRSAgar) with polymerase chain reaction testing performed. One-sided binomial distribution at the StudySize 2.0 Web calculator was used. Using the Web calculator, p (H0 proportion) = 1.5%; a difference (H1-H0) ‘Δ’ = 4.53% can be detected at α = 5% and power = 80% with N = 110.ResultsSamples were collected from 110 volunteers. Seven samples were positive for MRSA, resulting in a prevalence of 7/110 or 6.4% (95% CI, 1.8%-11%; P < .0003) compared with a 1.5% prevalence of MRSA colonization among the general population.ConclusionThere is evidence that EMS personnel have a higher prevalence of MRSA colonization than the general population. This can be a risk to patients and can be recognized as an occupational hazard.Al AmiryA,
BissellRA, MaguireBJ, AlvesDW. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization prevalence among Emergency Medical Services personnel. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(4):1-5.
Remission, Response und deren Prädiktion nach einer Dialektisch-Behavioralen Therapie der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung im stationären Setting
Authors: Kröger Christoph , Harbeck Susanne , Rickert Imke , Wollburg Eileen , Gersch Katrin , Armbrust Michael , Kliem Sören 
Published: April 2013

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Bislang wurde die Wirksamkeit der Dialektisch-Behavioralen Therapie (DBT) für die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) im stationären Bereich überwiegend anhand von gruppenstatistischen Kennwerten aufgezeigt. Fragestellung: Wie hoch fallen die Remissions- und Responseraten aus? Lassen sich Prädiktoren hinsichtlich der Responserate finden? Methode. Soziodemographische und klinische Merkmale von 366 stationären, konsekutiven Patienten mit einer BPS wurden erhoben. Der Therapieerfolg wurde durch den Global Severity Index (GSI) des Brief Symptom Inventory erfasst und auf vier verschiedene Arten (Effektstärke [ES], Remission, Response anhand des Reliable Change Index [RCI] bzw. der prozentualen Symptomverbesserung [PSV]) definiert. Ergebnisse: Es ergab sich im Prä-Post-Vergleich des GSI eine ES von 0.52 (95 %-KI: 0.48 – 0.56). Die Responseraten betrug 42 % nach dem Kriterium des RCIs bzw. 33 % nach der PSV. Etwa 33 % erreichten ein Belastungsniveau, das dem einer ambulanten Stichprobe entspricht. Unverändert blieben 47 %, verschlechtert haben sich 11 %. Einen prädiktiven Einfluss auf die Response zeigten eine höhere Ausprägung der allgemeinen Symptombelastung und Depressivität zu Therapiebeginn und eine höhere Schulbildung. Schlussfolgerungen: Zukünftig sollten Nachbefragungen durchgeführt werden, um zu untersuchen, inwiefern die Response- bzw. Remissionsraten nach der Behandlung über die Zeit hinweg stabil bleiben. Um studien- und verfahrensübergreifende Vergleiche durchführen zu können, erscheinen einheitliche Definitionen notwendig.
Psychische Störungen und individuelle Lebensqualität bei der chronisch progredient-terminalen Erkrankung „Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS)”
Authors: Nonnenmacher S. , Hammer E. M. , Lulé D. , Hautzinger M. , Kübler A. 
Published: April 2013

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Krankheitsbewältigung spielt eine wichtige Rolle für die psychische Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden von Patienten mit amyotropher Lateralsklerose (ALS). Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte Angst, Depression und individuelle Lebensqualität sowie assoziierte Faktoren bei ALS. Methode: Die Stichprobe umfasste 39 ALS-Patienten (20 Frauen, Durchschnittsalter 58 Jahre, Durchschnitts-Erkrankungsdauer 2.4 Jahre). Eingesetzt wurden die Sektionen A, D, F und teilweise J des SKID-I, das ALS-Depressionsinventar (ADI-12), der Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life–Direct Weigthening (SEIQoL-DW) und die Liste zur Erfassung von Verstärkern (LEV). Ergebnisse: Auftretenshäufigkeiten für eine Major Depression Episode: 10 %, für depressive Störungen insgesamt: 23 %, für Angststörungen: 21 %. Die Erstmanifestation einer Major Depression lag bei 4 von 9 Patienten vor der ALS-Diagnose. Nur die Hälfte der Patienten mit der Depressions-Lebenszeitdiagnose erlebte nach der ALS-Diagnose eine weitere Episode. Depressionen waren assoziiert mit weiblichem Geschlecht, einem geringeren Bildungsniveau, geringerer Lebensqualität und einer geringeren Anzahl positiv verstärkender Aktivitäten. Die individuelle Lebensqualität (iLQ) lag bei 72 von 100. Depressive Patienten zeigten dabei eine stärkere Orientierung auf die Gesundheit als nicht depressive Patienten. Schlussfolgerung: Trotz hoher individueller Lebensqualität traten Depressionen und Angststörungen gehäuft auf. Psychotherapeutische Unterstützung ist angezeigt, vor allem im Sinne einer Einstellungs- und Werteveränderung, beim Aufbau oder Erhalt von Verstärkern sowie als kognitive Therapie bei erlebtem Kontrollverlust.
Movements by Adfluvial Bull Trout during the Spawning Season between Lake and River Habitats
Authors: Barnett Heidy K. , Paige Dwayne K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMovements of adfluvial Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus were evaluated with acoustic telemetry during spawning seasons 2006–2011 in Chester Morse Lake,Washington. Ninety‐six percent of the individuals made multiple trips between the lake and river habitat during the spawning season,which lasted from less than 1 day to more than a month. Male Bull Trout took an average 13.2 (± 8.7 SD) trips,while females averaged 18.0 (± 14.0 SD) trips. Directional movement between the lake and a river occurred throughout the day; however,the distribution of movement activity was bimodal,peaking from 0600 to 0900 hours (downstream movement) and from 1700 to 2000 hours (upstream movement). The majority of time spent in the river per trip occurred during nighttime hours for female (mean = 74%) and male Bull Trout (mean = 72%). While spawning activity was not confirmed for each trip,this study illustrates an as‐yet unreported movement pattern of adfluvial Bull Trout during the spawning season. These results are relevant to managers considering monitoring population trends by way of redd count surveys because multiple redd sites per spawning season are possible,a situation that could lead to overestimating population numbers. Additional research to determine whether spawning occurs on individual trips would help assess whether population numbers could be overestimated by simply using redd counts in systems similar to the one studied.