bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gonadal Development of the Piau Leporinus copelandii (Characiformes, Anostomidae) in a Tropical River in South‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Araújo F. G. , Gomes I. D. , Nascimento A. A. , Sales A. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryHistological analysis of the gonadal development of Leporinus copelandii Steindachner, 1875, a rheophilic Characiformes species in the Paraiba do Sul River, South‐eastern Brazil, was described. We expect that this species adapt gonadal development to succeed in this river basin that has its longitudinal profile blocked by several impoundments. Fishes were examined by routine macroscopic and histological techniques. Stages of oocyte and spermatocyte development were described, and gonadal maturation was proposed. Mean oocyte diameter obtained from histological observations increased from the pre‐spawning (4.2–175.5 μm) to spawning (148.5–262.0 μm) phases, followed by a sharp decrease in the post‐spawning (27.0–56.7 μm) phase. Based on occurrence of different oocytes phases and oocyte size distribution, this species has group‐synchronic development of oocytes. Further studies are necessary to clarify the spawning grounds for L. copelandii in the Paraíba do Sul River basin, especially considering that several impoundments obliterate the natural river course and this could limit spawning grounds.
Developmental vulnerability – don't investigate without a model in mind
Authors: Woolfenden S. , Williams K. , Eapen V. , Mensah F. , Hayen A. , Siddiqi A. , Kemp L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractChildren who are developmentally vulnerable are at risk of a difficult start to school, and ongoing educational challenges which may adversely impact on long term health outcomes. Clinicians, researchers and service providers need a thorough understanding of both risk and protective factors and their complex interplay to understand their impact on early childhood development, in order to plan effective and comprehensive prevention and interventions strategies. In this opinion piece we recommend that investigation of developmental vulnerability should only proceed if underpinned by both a theoretical model through which the interaction between risk and protective factors may be investigated, and analytical models that are appropriate to assess these impacts.
Lateral Left Ventricular Wall Rupture Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: Pathophysiological Interpretation by Multimodality Imaging Approach
Authors: Avegliano Gustavo , Conde Diego , Ruiz María Isabel González , Kuschnir Paola , Sciancalepore Agustina , Castro Florencia , Ronderos Ricardo 
Published: August 2014

Lateral left ventricular wall rupture (LVWR) is a rare complication following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) less than 1%. After cardiogenic shock, LVWR constitutes the most common cause of in‐hospital death in AMI patients. Around 40% of all LVWR occurred during the first 24 hours and 85% within the first week. In the present case, 76 hours following the intervention, LVWR was observed likely due to a small infarction at the lateral left ventricular wall possibly due to the marginal lesion. Our patient refused surgery and was followed clinically. Eighteen months later, real time three‐dimensional echocardiography showed a pseudoaneurysm.
Epilepsy: Asia versus Africa
Authors: Bhalla Devender , Tchalla Achille Edem , Marin Benoît , Ngoungou Edgard Brice , Tan Chong Tin , Preux Pierre‐Marie 
Published: August 2014

SummaryIs epilepsy truly an “African ailment”? We aimed to determine this, since international health agencies often refer to epilepsy as an African disease and the scientific literature has spoken the same tone. Various published materials, mainly reports, articles, were used to gather Asian and African evidence on various aspects of epilepsy and many of its risk and associated factors. Our results suggest that in no way can epilepsy be considered as an African ailment and such characterization is most likely based on popular beliefs rather than scientific evidence. In comparison to Africa, Asia has a 5.0% greater burden from all diseases, and is 17.0% more affected from neuropsychiatric disorders (that include epilepsy). Given that more countries in Asia are transitioning, there may be large demographic and lifestyle changes in the near future. However these changes are nowhere close to those expected in Africa. Moreover, 23 million Asians have epilepsy in comparison to 3.3 million Africans and 1.2 million sub‐Saharan Africans. In comparison to Africa, Asia has more untreated patients, 55.0% more additional epilepsy cases every year, because of its larger population, with greater treatment cost and possibly higher premature mortality. Of several associated factors discussed herein, many have more importance for Asia than Africa. The current state of epilepsy in Asia is far less than ideal and there is an urgent need to recognize and accept the importance of epilepsy in Asia. In no way can epilepsy be considered as an African ailment. This is most likely based on popular beliefs rather than scientific evidence.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information sectionhere.
Association of Baseline Dyslipidemia with Stroke Recurrence within Five-Years after Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kumral Emre , Evyapan Dilek , Gökçay Figen , Karaman Bedriye , Orman Mehmet 
Published: August 2014

Background and purpose The association between dyslipidemia (DL) and stroke recurrence is unclear, but may be influenced by different subtypes of stroke. This study aims to explore whether DL contributes to the recurrence of certain subtypes of ischemic stroke. Methods Data from the Ege Stroke Registry was examined, and five-years follow-up data for stroke recurrence was analyzed. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria was used to classify the subtypes of all stroke. Recurrent stroke was defined as a new neurological deficit compatible to ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage. The association between DL and stroke recurrence in patients with different sroke subtypes was analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Survival curves were estimated with Kaplan–Meier methods, and survival analyses were undertaken using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Of the 9940 patients with ischemic stroke, 5838 (58·7%) had DL and 2202 (22·2%) experienced a stroke recurrence within five-years. The frequency of stroke recurrence of patients with DL was unsignificantly higher than those without at five-years of follow-up (18·0% vs. 17·0%; P = 0·21). After stratification by Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment subtypes, multivariable analysis revealed a significant association between DL and stroke recurrence in all ischemic stroke at five-years (odds ratio, 1·2; 95% confidence interval, 1·02–1·42), and in the large-artery disease subtype (odds ratio, 1·46; 95% confidence interval, 1·12–1·91), but not in the other stroke subtypes (cardioembolic: odds ratio, 1·18; 95% confidence interval, 0·84–1·65; small-artery disease: odds ratio, 1·24; 95% confidence interval, 0·87–1·76; other subtype: odds ratio, 0·79; 95% confidence interval, 0·48–1·31). The probability of stroke recurrence increased in patients with large-artery disease and DL, compared with other subtypes of stroke [log rank test (Mantel–Cox) P < 0·013]. Conclusions Our results showed that DL is related to the recurrent strokes in patients with ischemic stroke within five-years after ischemic stroke, specifically to the large-artery disease subtype.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and the Prevalence of Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease in Rural China: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Tang Xun , Laskowitz Daniel T. , He Liu , Østbye Truls , Bettger Janet Prvu , Cao Yang , Li Na , Li Jingrong , Zhang Zongxin , Liu Jianjiang , Yu Liping , Xu Haitao , Hu Yonghua , Goldstein Larry B. 
Published: August 2014

Background Lower neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with an increased risk of vascular disease in developed countries. Aims This study aims to identify village- and individual-level determinants of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) in a rural Chinese population. Methods We analyzed data from a population-based survey of 14 424 rural Chinese adults aged over 40 years from 54 villages. Primary outcomes were stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) prevalence. Village-level SES was determined from the Chinese government's official statistical yearbook. Individual-level characteristics were obtained by in-person interviews. Prevalence rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using generalized linear mixed models with log-link function to explore associations of village-level SES and individual social, demographic, and cardiovascular risk factors with stroke or CHD. Variance was expressed using the median rate ratio (MRR) and interval rate ratio (IRR). Results Village accounted for significant variability in the prevalence of stroke (MRR = 1·70; 95% CI: 1·42–1·94; P < 0·05) and CHD (MRR = 1·59; 95% CI: 1·35–1·78, P < 0·05), with village-level income alone accounting for 10% and 13·5% of between-village variation in stroke and CHD, respectively. High-income villages were at higher risk of both stroke (RR = 1·69, 95% CI: 1·09–2·62) and CHD (RR = 1·63, 95% CI: 1·13–2·34) than lower-income villages. Among individual-level risk factors, hypertension was associated with a higher prevalence of stroke (RR = 2·33, 95% CI: 1·93–2·80) than CHD (RR = 1·58, 95% CI: 1·38–1·82), whereas obesity was only associated with CHD (RR = 1·43, 95% CI: 1·23–1·66). In addition, there was an interaction between age and income; residents of higher-income villages below age 60 had a higher prevalence of CHD (RR = 1·58, 95% CI: 1·15–2·18) but not stroke. Conclusions There were differences in vascular risk across rural villages in China, with higher lifetime stroke and CHD prevalence in higher-income villages. For CHD, neighborhood effects were stronger among younger residents of high-income villages. The results may have implications for public health interventions targeting populations at risk.
THrombolysis for Acute Wake-up and Unclear-Onset Strokes with Alteplase at 0·6 mg/kg (THAWS) Trial
Authors: Koga Masatoshi , Toyoda Kazunori , Kimura Kazumi , Yamamoto Haruko , Sasaki Makoto , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Kitazono Takanari , Aoki Junya , Seki Kenta , Homma Kazunari , Sato Shoichiro , Minematsu Kazuo ,   on behalf of the THAWS investigators
Published: August 2014

Rationale Because of lack of information regarding timing of stroke, patients who suffer stroke during sleep are generally ineligible for intravenous thrombolysis, although many of these patients could potentially recover with this treatment. Magnetic resonance image findings with positive diffusion-weighted imaging and no marked parenchymal hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (negative pattern) can identify acute ischemic stroke patients within 4·5 h from symptom onset. Aims The THrombolysis for Acute Wake-up and unclear-onset Strokes with alteplase at 0·6 mg/kg trial aims to determine the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase at 0·6 mg/kg body weight, the approved dose for Japanese stroke patients, using magnetic resonance image-based selection in ischemic stroke patients with unclear time of symptom onset, and compare findings with standard treatment. Design This is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-treatment, blinded-end-point clinical trial. The design is similar to the Efficacy and Safety of MRI-based Thrombolysis in Wake-up Stroke trial. Patients with unclear-onset time of stroke symptoms beyond 4·5 h and within 12 h after the time of the last-known-well period and within 4·5 h after symptom recognition, who showed a negative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery pattern, are randomized to either intravenous thrombolysis or standard treatment. Study outcomes The primary efficacy end-point is modified Rankin Scale 0–1 at 90 days. The safety outcome measures are symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage at 22–36 h, and major bleeding and mortality at 90 days. Discussion This trial may help determine if low-dose alteplase at 0·6 mg/kg should be recommended as a routine clinical strategy for ischemic stroke patients with unclear-onset time.
Shift of Exit Site During Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia Originating from the Vicinity of Left Ventricular Summit
Authors: BUU DAN DO VAN , CHANG SHIH‐LIN , LIN YENN‐JIANG , CHEN SHIH‐ANN 
Published: August 2014

Shift of Exit Site During AblationA 44‐year‐old man with structurally normal heart underwent catheter ablation of left ventricular summit tachycardia. The initial mapping revealed the origin of tachycardia at the junction of great cardiac vein and anterior interventricular vein. During ablation the exit site shifted to the nearby regions, which was recognized by subtle changes of 12‐lead ECG. Mapping and ablating at different exit sites rendered the tachycardia noninducible.
Serum YKL‐40 in psoriasis with and without arthritis; correlation with disease activity and high‐resolution power Doppler ultrasonographic joint findings
Authors: Ahmed S.F. , Attia E.A.S. , Saad A.A. , Sharara M. , Fawzy H. , El Nahrery E.M.A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundYKL‐40 may be involved in angiogenesis in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). High‐resolution power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) can detect angiogenesis of synovium in PsA.AimTo assess serum YKL‐40 in psoriasis patients with or without PsA, and to correlate its levels with disease activity and high‐resolution PDUS findings.MethodsIn this case–control study, 48 patients with psoriasis (26 of them also had PsA) and 30 controls were assessed by high‐resolution PDUS, and assayed for serum levels of YKL‐40 by ELISA. Patients were clinically assessed using Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (CPDAI). Total joint score (TJS) was used to assess joint involvement in PsA.ResultsA statistically significant elevation was found in YKL‐40 levels in psoriatics with or without PsA compared with controls (P < 0.001), as well as in PsA (group II) compared to patients without arthritis (group I) (P = 0.002). CPDAI, synovial thickness score and colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) score were highly significantly higher in group II vs. group I (P < 0.001). In all patients, CPDAI, synovial thickness and CDUS score were positively correlated to each other, and each of them was positively correlated to serum YKL‐40 levels (P < 0.05). In either group I or II, serum YKL‐40 levels correlated positively with CPDAI (P < 0.05). In group II, TJS, synovial thickness and CDUS score were positively correlated to each other (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSerum YKL‐40 can be used as a new biological marker for angiogenesis and disease activity in psoriasis with or without PsA. High‐resolution PDUS is a non‐invasive tool for the evaluation of angiogenesis in PsA patients as well as for the detection of early synovial changes in psoriasis patients without arthritis.
Preventing metachronous gastric lesions after endoscopic submucosal dissection through Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Jung Sungmo , Park Chan Hyuk , Kim Eun Hye , Shin Su Ji , Chung Hyunsoo , Lee Hyuk , Park Jun Chul , Shin Sung Kwan , Lee Yong Chan , Lee Sang Kil 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and AimMetachronous recurrence often occurs after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer, and a method for preventing recurrence is unknown. We aimed to identify risk factors for metachronous lesions, and the effects of aspirin use and Helicobacter pylori eradication on preventing recurrence.MethodsA total of 1041 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer between January 2007 and December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Every patient was examined endoscopically at 2, 6, and 12 months after endoscopic submucosal dissection, and then annually. Patients were classified into the metachronous group or non‐metachronous group according to the existence of metachronous lesions and subdivided by Helicobacter pylori status into three groups: not infected, eradicated after infection, and not eradicated.ResultsAt 39 months' median follow‐up, metachronous gastric lesions had developed in 35 patients (3.4%), including 16 with dysplasia and 19 cancers. Metachronous group were significantly older than non‐metachronous group (P = 0.02). Although non‐metachronous group took aspirin more frequently than metachronous group (15.5% vs 5.7%), the difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.11). In the not eradicated group, the odds ratio of metachronous lesion was 7.762 compared with the not infected group (95% confidence interval, 1.483–60.854; P = 0.02). In the eradicated group, the odd ratio of metachronous lesion was 8.120 compared with not infected group (95% confidence interval, 1.950–58.985; P = 0.01).ConclusionHelicobacter pylori infection was an independent risk factor for metachronous gastric lesions. However, eradication of Helicobacter pylori alone does not prevent all metachronous lesions in an inflamed stomach.
Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus among Men in Europe: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hebnes Julie B. , Olesen Tina B. , Duun-Henriksen Anne Katrine , Munk Christian , Norrild Bodil , Kjaer Susanne K. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the commonest sexually transmitted infection worldwide and causes substantial morbidity in both sexes. Most European countries offer HPV vaccination for girls, but vaccine recommendations for boys are warranted.

Aims
The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of genital HPV, identify parameters that affect the prevalence, and describe the type-specific prevalence among men in Europe.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature in PubMed and Embase.

Main Outcome Measures
Genital HPV prevalence and factors influencing prevalence in general and high-risk male populations in Europe.

Results
We included 31 articles that gave the prevalence of genital HPV DNA among men in northern, southern and western Europe; no studies from eastern Europe were identified. The pooled HPV prevalence among 1,863 men representing the general population (nine studies) was 12.4%, with large heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 96.3%, P &lt; 0.0001). The pooled HPV prevalence among 6,428 men in the high-risk population (22 studies) was 30.9%, also with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 95.6%, P &lt; 0.0001). In unadjusted meta-regression analysis, the HPV prevalence in the general population was significantly higher in studies published after 2000 (28.5%) than in earlier studies (8.8%) (P = 0.0179). In the meta-regression analysis adjusted by publication year, the heterogeneity in the two population groups could not be explained by geographical region, anatomical sampling site, or HPV detection method. HPV16 was the most prevalent high-risk type in both populations.

Conclusions
HPV prevalence differs in male general and high-risk populations, but HPV16 and HPV18 are among the most common HPV types detected in both groups. Our findings contribute knowledge that may be useful as a baseline measure before the introduction of HPV vaccination for boys in Europe, and add to understanding of the epidemiology of HPV infection in men.
Analysis of the sporozoite ELISA for estimating infection rates in Mozambican anophelines
Authors: CHARLWOOD J. D. , TOMÁS E. V. E. , CUAMBA N. , PINTO J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractComparisons were undertaken to investigate cost‐effective methods of implementing the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for sporozoite determination in anophelines when large numbers require processing. Comparisons between ELISA plate reader and visual assessments were performed with Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae), as were comparisons between whole‐body mosquito samples, heads and thoraces, and abdomens alone. Rates obtained from pools of five or 10 mosquitoes were compared with those for individual mosquitoes, as were rates obtained using different sampling methods. A total of 41 792 An. funestus and 9431 An. gambiae s.l. collected in light traps, and 22 323 An. funestus and 6860 An. gambiae s.l. from exit collections were analysed. Visual assessments gave results similar to those of machine readings. Sporozoite rates were similar in both species, as were rates by collection method. The use of whole mosquitoes increased estimates of infection rate by 0.6%. Pool size did not affect infection rates of An. gambiae s.l., but rates were higher among individually tested An. funestus than among those tested in pools. For large‐scale surveys, the use of whole mosquitoes in pools of 10 mosquitoes, with correction for overestimation, and the noting of results according to a simple three‐stage visual assessment of positivity is the most cost‐effective approach and is sufficient to obtain reliable data for comparative purposes.
Interplay between myogenic pacemakers and enteric neurons determine distinct motor patterns in the rat colon
Authors: Mañé N. , Jimenez M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWaxing and waning of slow waves amplitude has been recently associated with a segmentation motor pattern in the murine small intestine. The ‘wax and wane’ phenomenon in this area of the gastrointestinal tract seems to be the result of modulation of slow waves by a second pacemaker of a lower frequency displayed by the interstitial cells of Cajal near the deep muscular plexus (ICC‐DMP). In the rat colon, smooth muscle cyclic depolarizations causing low‐frequency (LF) contractions (0.9 ± 0.1 cpm) occur together with slow wave activity associated to high‐frequency (HF) contractions (14 ± 0.3 cpm; ripples). In the present manuscript, we demonstrate the presence of ‘wax and wane’ in rat colonic slow waves. Depolarization from the ‘wax’ to the ‘wane’ was 7.6 ± 1.2 mV, i.e., smooth muscle cells went from a resting membrane potential (RMP) of −50.0 mV to a RMP of −42.4 mV. The amplitude of the slow wave decreased from 14.0 ± 2.2 mV to 3.4 ± 0.7 mV. The wax and wane phenomenon occurred at 0.9 ± 0.1 cpm, coinciding with the frequency of cyclic depolarizations. Therefore, we hypothesized that the ‘wax and wane’ of slow waves in the rat colon could be the result of their interaction with the LF pacemaker. We describe three different myogenic motor patterns that depend on the level of smooth muscle and ICC excitation: (i) LF propulsive contractions, (ii) regular slow waves causing ripples, and (iii) a wax and wane pattern that may lead to segmentation. Different intra‐ and extra‐luminal inputs probably determine the dominating motor pattern in each area through the enteric nervous system.
Hepatic artery reconstruction preserving the pancreaticoduodenal arcade in pediatric liver transplantation with celiac axis compression syndrome: Report of a case
Authors: Uchida Hajime , Sakamoto Seisuke , Matsunami Masatoshi , Sasaki Kengo , Shigeta Takanobu , Kanazawa Hiroyuki , Fukuda Akinari , Nakazawa Atsuko , Miyazaki Osamu , Nosaka Shunsuke , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCACS is rare, although it has been reported to be a potential risk factor for hepatic artery thrombosis following LT. We herein present the case of a 14‐yr‐old male with stenosis of the origin of the celiac trunk. Preoperative CT and color ultrasonography showed narrowing of the proximal celiac artery. The patient underwent DDLT with standard arterial reconstruction without dividing the gastroduodenal artery. His postoperative course was uneventful, with an excellent hepatic artery flow on Doppler ultrasonography. Applying a meticulous preoperative evaluation and the appropriate surgical technique is crucial in patients with CACS.