bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for positive post-transplantation measurable residual disease in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wang Yuewen , Fu Guomei , Xu Lanping , Wang Yu , Cheng Yifei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiaohui , Liu Yanrong , Liu Kaiyan , Huang Xiaojun , Chang Yingjun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
The level of measurable residual disease (MRD) before and after transplantation is related to inferior transplant outcomes, and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation measurable residual disease (post-HSCT MRD) has higher prognostic value in determining risk than pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation measurable residual disease (pre-HSCT MRD). However, only a few work has been devoted to the risk factors for positive post-HSCT MRD in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study evaluated the risk factors for post-HSCT MRD positivity in patients with ALL who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

Methods:
A total of 1683 ALL patients from Peking University People’s Hospital between January 2009 and December 2019 were enrolled to evaluate the cumulative incidence of post-HSCT MRD. Cox proportional hazard regression models were built for time-to-event outcomes. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine independent influencing factors from the univariate analysis.

Results:
Both in total patients and in T-cell ALL or B-cell ALL, pediatric or adult, human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donor transplantation or haploidentical SCT subgroups, positive pre-HSCT MRD was a risk factor for post-HSCT MRD positivity (P <0.001 for all). Disease status (complete remission 1 [CR1] vs. ≥CR2) was also a risk factor for post-HSCT MRD positivity in all patients and in the B cell-ALL, pediatric, or haploidentical SCT subgroups (P = 0.027; P = 0.003; P = 0.035; P = 0.003, respectively). A risk score for post-HSCT MRD positivity was developed using the variables pre-HSCT MRD and disease status. The cumulative incidence of post-HSCT MRD positivity was 12.3%, 25.1%, and 38.8% for subjects with scores of 0, 1, and 2–3, respectively (P <0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the association of the risk score with the cumulative incidence of post-HSCT MRD positivity and relapse as well as leukemia-free survival and overall survival.

Conclusion:
Our results indicated that positive pre-MRD and disease status were two independent risk factors for post-HSCT MRD positivity in patients with ALL who underwent allo-HSCT.
Effect of Astigmatism Treatment With Three Excimer Lasers After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Sedaghat Mohammad-Reza , Sadeghi Javad , Varshovi-Jaghargh Iman , Heravian Javad , Belin Michael W. , Momeni-Moghaddam Hamed 
Published: July 2024

Objectives:
To compare astigmatism correction after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using three excimer laser devices, Alcon Wavelight EX500, Schwind Amaris 1,050, and Technolas Teneo317 M2.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 414 eyes from 414 subjects with a history of PRK performed using Alcon Wavelight (n=172), Schwind Amaris (n=122), and Technolas (n=120). Uncorrected & corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA & CDVA), and refractive status (spherical equivalent (SE) and vector analysis (J0 and J45)) were postoperatively recorded at the 6-month and 12-month examinations.

Results:
The mean CDVA and J45 at 6-month and 12-month showed no statistically significant difference among the three different excimer lasers (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in mean UDVA and J0 at 6-month and 12-month after PRK among the three groups, with no statistically significant difference between Alcon Wavelight and Schwind Amaris lasers, while both of the prior lasers showed a significant difference with the Technolas laser. The highest and lowest changes in the magnitude of J0 in 6-month and 12-month follow-ups were seen for the Alcon Wavelight and Technolas groups, respectively. Both Schwind Amaris and Technolas had a small hyperopic SE while the Alcon Wavelight's SE was minimally myopic. This difference in SE between Alcon Wavelight and both Schwind Amaris and Technolas reached statistical significance.

Conclusion:
While all three lasers performed well in reducing preoperative astigmatism; however, the Alcon Wavelight and Schwind Amaris were more effective in correcting astigmatism than the Technolas. The difference between the Alcon Wavelight and Schwind Amaris did not reach statistical significance.
Characterization of chronic pain, pain interference, and daily pain experiences in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Alberts Nicole M. , Leisenring Wendy , Whitton Jillian , Stratton Kayla , Jibb Lindsay , Flynn Jessica , Pizzo Alex , Brinkman Tara M. , Birnie Kathryn , Gibson Todd M. , McDonald Aaron , Ford James , Olgin Jeffrey E. , Nathan Paul C. , Stinson Jennifer N. , Armstrong Gregory T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Although survivors of childhood cancer are at an increased risk, little is known about the prevalence of chronic pain, associated interference, and daily pain experiences. Survivors (N = 233; mean age = 40.8 years, range 22-64 years; mean time since diagnosis = 32.7 years) from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study completed pain and psychosocial measures. Survivors with chronic pain completed 2-week, daily measures assessing pain and psychological symptoms using mHealth-based ecological momentary assessment. Multivariable-modified Poisson and linear regression models estimated prevalence ratio estimates (PR) and mean effects with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of key risk factors with chronic pain and pain interference, respectively. Multilevel mixed models examined outcomes of daily pain and pain interference with prior day symptoms. Ninety-six survivors (41%) reported chronic pain, of whom 23 (24%) had severe interference. Chronic pain was associated with previous intravenous methotrexate treatment (PR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3), respiratory (PR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.5), gastrointestinal (PR = 1.6, 95% CI 11.0-2.3), and neurological (PR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.1) chronic health conditions, unemployment (PR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.9) and clinically significant depression and anxiety (PR = 2.9, 95% CI 2.0-4.2), as well as a diagnosis of childhood Ewing sarcoma or osteosarcoma (PR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.5). Higher pain interference was associated with cardiovascular and neurological conditions, unemployment and clinical levels of depression and/or anxiety, and fear of cancer recurrence. For male, but not female survivors, low sleep quality, elevated anxiety, and elevated depression predicted high pain intensity and interference the next day. A substantial proportion of childhood cancer survivors experience chronic pain and significant associated interference. Chronic pain should be routinely evaluated, and interventions are needed.
Barriers and facilitators for physical activity in people living with chronic pain: a systematic review and combined analysis
Authors: Leese Callum , Gupte Devashri , Christogianni Aikaterini , Higgins Cassie , Adair Pauline , Dall Philippa , Cameron Paul , Smith Blair H. , Colvin Lesley 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chronic pain is a prevalent and complex health issue associated with physical, emotional, and social consequences. Management of pain is multifactorial and challenging; however, physical activity (PA) has consistently been shown to be beneficial. Despite this, PA levels among people with chronic pain are low. This study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to PA among adults with chronic pain and analyse these using the structure of a validated behaviour change model: the capability, opportunity, and motivation behaviour change model (COM-B). We performed a systematic review of 6 databases and subsequent combined analysis including peer-reviewed primary research published in English up to November 15, 2023. Search terms consisted of 3 components: pain, PA, and facilitators/barriers. Quality appraisal of studies was conducted using appropriate tools. The systematic search yielded 40 eligible studies with a total of 2164 participants. The studies represented various chronic pain conditions, locations, and study designs. The key barriers to engagement in PA were the impact of pain severity, comorbidities, lack of knowledge about PA benefits, and time constraints. Key facilitators were a personalised approach, social support, and awareness of the benefits. The findings were categorised according to the COM-B model, allowing for the identification of modifiable factors. Person-centred approaches, education, and accessible environments were identified as important aspects to consider for successful PA promotion among people with chronic pain. Utilising the factors identified in the COM-B model is crucial for successful future interventions to increasing PA uptake and adherence in this population.
Is the relationship between chronic pain and mortality causal? A propensity score analysis
Authors: Ryan Eva , Grol-Prokopczyk Hanna , Dennison Christopher R. , Zajacova Anna , Zimmer Zachary 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chronic pain is a serious and prevalent condition that can affect many facets of life. However, uncertainty remains regarding the strength of the association between chronic pain and death and whether the association is causal. We investigate the pain–mortality relationship using data from 19,971 participants aged 51+ years in the 1998 wave of the U.S. Health and Retirement Study. Propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting are combined with Cox proportional hazards models to investigate whether exposure to chronic pain (moderate or severe) has a causal effect on mortality over a 20-year follow-up period. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported. Before adjusting for confounding, we find a strong association between chronic pain and mortality (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.26-1.38). After adjusting for confounding by sociodemographic and health variables using a range of propensity score methods, the estimated increase in mortality hazard caused by pain is more modest (5%-9%) and the results are often also compatible with no causal effect (95% CIs for HRs narrowly contain 1.0). This attenuation highlights the role of confounders of the pain–mortality relationship as potentially modifiable upstream risk factors for mortality. Posing the depressive symptoms variable as a mediator rather than a confounder of the pain–mortality relationship resulted in stronger evidence of a modest causal effect of pain on mortality (eg, HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15). Future work is required to model exposure–confounder feedback loops and investigate the potentially cumulative causal effect of chronic pain at multiple time points on mortality.
Performance of GPT-4 on Chinese Nursing Examination
Authors: Miao Yiqun , Luo Yuan , Zhao Yuhan , Li Jiawei , Liu Mingxuan , Wang Huiying , Chen Yuling , Wu Ying 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The performance of GPT-4 in nursing examinations within the Chinese context has not yet been thoroughly evaluated.

Objective:
To assess the performance of GPT-4 on multiple-choice and open-ended questions derived from nursing examinations in the Chinese context.

Methods:
The data sets of the Chinese National Nursing Licensure Examination spanning 2021 to 2023 were used to evaluate the accuracy of GPT-4 in multiple-choice questions. The performance of GPT-4 on open-ended questions was examined using 18 case-based questions.

Results:
For multiple-choice questions, GPT-4 achieved an accuracy of 71.0% (511/720). For open-ended questions, the responses were evaluated for cosine similarity, logical consistency, and information quality, all of which were found to be at a moderate level.

Conclusion:
GPT-4 performed well at addressing queries on basic knowledge. However, it has notable limitations in answering open-ended questions. Nursing educators should weigh the benefits and challenges of GPT-4 for integration into nursing education.
Acute Kidney Injury in Systemic Sclerosis Beyond Scleroderma Renal Crisis
Authors: Wajid Sumbal , Shapiro Lee , Farrukh Larabe , Hu Kurt , Feustel Paul J. , Hongalgi Krishnakumar , Mehta Swati 
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives
Renal involvement in systemic sclerosis remains a significant concern with the focus often centered on scleroderma renal crisis (SRC). However, the broader spectrum of renal manifestations, beyond SRC, remains underrecognized. In our case-control analysis, we describe other causes, risk factors, and renal outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in systemic sclerosis other than SRC.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with SSC, with and without AKI, between 2017 and 2023 at Albany Medical Center, were included in the case-control study using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes and electronic medical records. Patients with SRC were carefully excluded. Data were collected and compared between AKI and non-AKI groups for patients' demographics, clinical characteristics, and baseline treatment. Additionally, data were collected for baseline, peak, and follow-up creatinine, etiology of AKI, treatment, and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using R (version 4.3.0) and Minitab (V19). Categorical variables were presented as frequencies/percentages, and continuous variables as means/standard deviations. Associations between categorical variables were assessed by χ2 test and Fisher exact test. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using binary logistic regression to separately assess the effect of each independent variable on the odds of AKI. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
A total of 74 cases were identified. Out of these 74 cases, 27 had AKI and 47 did not have AKI. Out of the 27 AKI cases, 4 with SRC were excluded. Advanced age, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure were identified as risk factors for AKI development. The predominant cause of AKI was prerenal etiology, accounting for 47.8% (n = 11) of cases. This was followed by cardiorenal syndrome and acute tubular necrosis, accounting for 21.7% and 17.3% of the cases, respectively. Most of the cases with AKI had complete renal recovery 78% (n = 18), whereas 17% (n = 4) had progression of the underlying chronic kidney disease. One patient progressed to end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis.

Conclusions
This analysis highlights the risk factors and variable clinicopathological courses of renal involvement in patients with scleroderma. This may range from mild AKI with good prognosis to life-threatening SRC.
Can narrative help people engage with and understand information without being persuasive? An empirical study
Authors: Freeman Alexandra L. J. , Tanase Lisa-Maria , Schneider Claudia R. , Kerr John 
Published: July 2024

Stories have been shown to be engaging and aid the comprehension and retention of information. However, the persuasive power of storytelling is well-recognized. Is this an inherent property? Can a narrative be constructed that helps people engage with information but does not persuade them? We presented participants (
n
= 1309) with information about a fictional new drug and asked them whether they would license it on the basis of this. All saw the same information, in either a bullet-pointed list or as a ‘process narrative’—a journalist’s ‘journey of discovery’, designed to avoid persuasive language. Participants rated the narrative format a little more engaging than the non-narrative (
p
= 0.033,
d
= 0.12) and remembered the information in it slightly better (
p
= 0.040,
d
= 0.11). They did not rate the narrative version as more persuasive, but those reading it were on average more opposed to licensing the drug than those reading the non-narrative (
p
< 0.001,
d
= 0.18). Based on participants’ responses to other questions, we speculate this may be owing to the increased salience of risks of the drug, arising from subtle differences in wording. Thus, while narratives may have useful properties, they must be carefully constructed to avoid unintentional effects.
Reinforcement learning guides single-cell sequencing in decoding lineage and cell fate decisions
Authors: Fu Zeyu , Wang Song , Sun Kangfu , Xu Baichuan , Ye Xianpeng , Wen Zhaoyang , Shen Mingqiang , Chen Mo , Chen Fang , Xu Yang , Deng Youcai , Wang Junping , Chen Shilei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of single-cell sequencing provides unparalleled opportunity for delineating the heterogeneous characteristics of individual cells, while current methodologies fall short in accurately deciphering the origins of cellular heterogeneity and pinpointing the states of cell fate decisions. In this study, we introduce a novel approach termed Single-cell Reinforcement Learning (scRL) by integrating a framework of reinforcement learning into single-cell data analysis with the assistance of an actor-critic architecture. scRL reveals that the intensity of fate decisions precedes the maximum potential of lineage differentiation and actual gene expression, which enables the forecasting and perturbation of cellular fate in an earlier stage. The superiority of scRL in assessing fate decisions is confirmed in several different patterns of single-cell datasets. By using scRL, we disclose a distinct role ofDapp1in myeloid lineage decision during hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiation and uncover the priority of erythroid fate decision occurring post irradiation exposure.
S. cerevisiaeserves as keystone species for spoilage resistance in experimental synthetic wine yeast communities
Authors: Leale Alanna M. , Pourcelot Eléonore , Guezenec Stéphane , Sicard Delphine , Nidelet Thibault 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTSpecies diversity is a commonly stated contributor to the fate of an invader, and thus community resistance, in both microbial and non-microbial communities. Termed the “diversity-invasion hypothesis”, a positive relationship between diversity and resistance to invasion is observed when an introduced species exhibits lower levels of survival in resident communities with higher species richness. The diversity-invasion hypothesis is an attractive perspective with convincing theory and examples, yet an “invasion paradox” of contrasting results means that a positive role of diversity against invasion is still not a certainty and under debate. In this study we investigated the relationship between resistance to invasion and resident community species richness versus species identity (i.e., keystone species). Using synthetic communities comprised of combinations of four wine yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lachancea thermotolerans, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Starmerella bacillaris), we tracked over 21 days the presence of introducedBrettanomyces bruxellensisspoilage yeast andLactiplantibacillus plantarumlactic acid bacteria to ask the following: 1. Does yeast community species richness impact the establishment ofB. bruxellensisyeast andL. plantarumbacteria during wine fermentation? 2. How does yeast species identity influence such establishment? We found that species identity rather than richness drove the prevention of establishment ofB. bruxellensisandL. plantarum, withS. cerevisiaeplaying a critical keystone species role. Aside from spoilage prevention byS. cerevisiae, the four resident yeast species demonstrated a strict dominance ranking of competitive exclusion regardless of background community composition. Our research lends evidence against the commonly predicted positive relationship between species richness and resistance to invasion. Furthermore, as spontaneously fermented natural wines and diverse starter cultures gain popularity, our findings support a remaining importance ofS. cerevisiaein preventingB. bruxellensisspoilage..
AI-driven high-throughput droplet screening of cell-free gene expression
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Meng Yaru , Gao Wenli , Yang Shuo , Zhu Wenjie , Ji Xiangyang , Zhai Xuanpei , Liu Wan-Qiu , Luo Yuan , Ling Shengjie , Li Jian , Liu Yifan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCell-free gene expression (CFE) systems enable transcription and translation using crude cellular extracts, offering a versatile platform for synthetic biology by eliminating the need to maintain living cells. This allows direct manipulation of molecular components and the focused synthesis of specific products. However, the optimization of CFE systems is constrained by cumbersome composition, high costs, and limited yields due to numerous additional components required to maintain biocatalytic efficiency. While optimizing such complicated systems is daunting for existing high-throughput screening means, we introduce DropAI, a droplet-based, AI-driven screening strategy designed to optimize CFE systems with high throughput and economic efficiency. DropAI employs microfluidics to generate picoliter reactors and utilizes a fluorescent color-based coding-decoding system to address and screen a vast array of additive combinations. The in-droplet screening is complemented by in silico optimization, where experimental results train a machine-learning model to estimate the contribution of the components and predict high-yield combinations, which are then validated in vitro. Applying DropAI to anEscherichia coli-based CFE system, we simplified a set of 12 additives to only 3 essential components. Through further optimization, we achieved a 2.1-fold cost reduction and a 1.9-fold increase in yield for the expression of superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP). This optimized formulation was further validated across 12 different proteins. Notably, the establishedE. colimodel is successfully adapted to aBacillus subtilis-based system through transfer learning, leading to doubled yield through prediction. DropAI thus offers a generalizable and scalable method for optimizing CFE systems, enhancing their potential for biochemical engineering and biomanufacturing applications.
White matter microglia morphological changes with aging in guinea pig offspring born growth restricted
Authors: Nunes Timothy B. , Nygard Karen L. , Courchesne Marc C.J. , Whitehead Shawn N. , Richardson Bryan S. , Regnault Timothy R.H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFetal growth restriction is implicated in the programming of later-life neurodegeneration. We hypothesized that growth restricted offspring would show accelerated changes to microglial white matter morphology, relative to controls.Control guinea pig sows were fedad libitum, while maternal nutrient restriction sows received 70% of control diet switched to 90% from mid-gestation. Offspring were sacrificed at ∼26 days (neonate) or ∼110 days (adult) postpartum. Coronal brain sections from the frontal cortex were subject to IBA1-staining for microglial detection and analyzed by machine learning software.At birth, total body weight of growth restricted offspring was reduced relative to control (p<0.0001) with postnatal catch-up growth observed. Microglial density was reduced in the corpus callosum of control (p<0.05) and growth restricted (p=0.13) adults, relative to neonates. Adults from both groups showed greater IBA1-positive area in the cingulum and periventricular white matter (p<0.05) and increased microglial fractal dimension in the corpus callosum (p<0.10) and periventricular white matter (p<0.05), relative to neonates.At the timepoints studied, we report age-related changes in white matter microglial morphology. However, maternal nutrient restriction leading to fetal growth restriction in guinea pigs does not appear to exacerbate these white matter microglia morphological changes as a marker for later-life neurodegeneration.