bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Role of Intermediate States for Artificial Spin Ice Inspired Computation
Authors: Arava Hanu , Tapia Ignacio , Cote Timothy , Woods Justin , Barrows Frank , Fullerton John , Mellado Paula 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Conventional approaches to computing with nanomagnets require an initial state, and a final state corresponding to an expected outcome. Assuming a single spin-flip regime, an energetic relaxation from the initialized state to that of a final low energy state will include intermediate states with variable magnetostatic energies, which affect the probability of an outcome. Here, we investigate intermediate states in a simple nanomagnet toy model consisting of four nanomagnets arranged onto a square plaquette. In doing so, we are able to systematically demonstrate design approaches to mitigate (or leverage) computational “errors” in artificial spin ice inspired computational logic. We reveal an explicit relation between geometry and energetics by way of multipolar analysis, and comment specifically on the nature of energy relaxation pathway with direct consequences to designing logic units for conventional and unconventional computing applications. We support our theoretical models with experimental results on field-induced relaxation using Magnetic Force Microscopy measurements. Our work provides an intuitive way to design logic elements for future computing applications with artificial spin ice structures.
Dynamics and implications of biofilm formation and community succession on floating marine plastic debris
Authors: Purganan Daniel John , Onda Deo Florence Llacuna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The formation of the plastisphere has been suggested to be a stepwise process shaped by various interactions that have implications on both the fate of the plastic and key microbial processes. However, several aspects of the colonization process by microbial communities to the recruitment of multicellular groups, and the implications of their interactions remain little studied. Here, through an in situ exposure experiment, polyethylene (PE) plastics were exposed in a tropical coastal environment for over 42 days. Using high throughput amplicon sequencing (16S and 18S rRNA genes) and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we were able to profile the community and track changes in the plastisphere. Gammaproteobacteria abundantly colonized the plastics from Day 1 including putative hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. During secondary colonization, a shift in community composition was observed where photosynthetic cyanobacteria and diatoms as well as several heterotrophic Bacteroidetes increased in abundance. The successful establishment of the biofilm allowed other heterotrophic members to attach such as mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates, zooplankton and various metazoans towards its maturation. These changes were accompanied by modifications in the both the morphology and molecular structure of the plastic surface, indicating potential degradation mediated by microbial action, making this microenvironment more habitable. This makes the plastics a hotspot of biological interactions that may influence the fate of plastics such as in facilitating ingestion by larger animals, change in density properties resulting in sinking, biodeterioration leading to production of microplastics, and production of byproducts and molecules.
Mental health predictors of Internet Gaming Disorder: a longitudinal study
Authors: Borges Guilherme , Orozco Ricardo , Gutierrez-Garcia Raúl , Albor Yesica , Pérez Ana Lucía Jiménez , Valdés-García Karla Patricia , Mansur Patricia M. Baez , Díaz-Couder María Anabell Covarrubias , Benjet Corina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose: While internet gaming disorder has been clinically delimited, we still know little about its mental health determinants. We aim to evaluate whether a wide range of baseline mental disorders predict Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) one to three years later, among first year university students in Mexico.
Methods: This is a prospective cohort study with a follow-up period of one to three years conducted from September 2018 to June 2022 in 6 Mexican universities. Participants were first-year university students (N=2,144) free of symptoms indicative of IGD at entry (baseline). Ten mental disorders (bipolar, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, binging and/or purging, intermittent explosive disorder, psychotic experiences, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) at baseline were the main risk factors explored for the incidence of IGD at the end of the follow-up. We used Cox regression to model the IGD incidence rate.
Results: A composite measure of any mental disorder at baseline was associated with an increase in 2.33 times (1.26-4.31) the rate of IGD 1 to 3 years later. Several individual disorders were associated with rates of IGD in multiple models, with comorbid conditions diminishing most of these associations.
Conclusion: While students with a range of mental disorders were at risk for development of IGD, only major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder remained associated with a new case of IGD. Discrepant results from available longitudinal studies on the role of specific mental disorders in the development of IGD needs to be further investigated.
Gentamicin Prophylaxis During Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy Causes Acute Kidney Injury: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Glietsch Michael , Blaschke Simon , Lux Anke , Geginat Gernot , Schostak Martin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Aminoglycosides, known for lower susceptibility to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), are commonly used for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) in urological procedures, including robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). However, limited data exist on their safety in RARP. Our study aimed to investigate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with gentamicin PAP in RARP patients during the transition from open prostatectomy to RARP.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective single-center matched case-control study involving 77 RARP patients receiving gentamicin and 72 matched controls receiving cefuroxime. AKI was evaluated using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) criteria, considering factors like age, comorbidities, and prostatic weight.
Results
In the gentamicin group, 26 patients developed AKI post-surgery (33.8%). Conversely, only seven AKI cases (9.7%) were identified in the cefuroxime group, resulting in an Odds Ratio (OR) of 6.25, indicating a significantly higher relative risk of AKI in the gentamicin group. AKI grade 1 was most common in the gentamicin group (19.5%), with some patients experiencing more severe AKI (grade 2: 7.8%, grade 3: 6.5%). In the cefuroxime group grades 1 (5.6%) and 2 (4.2%) AKI were observed. Prostate volume, along with gentamicin use, emerged as independent cofactors. The limitations include lack of long-term outcome data and inconsistent preoperative gland measurements. Cases with pre-existing kidney disease weren't excluded due to low power.
Conclusions
The incidence of AKI was significantly higher after PAP with gentamicin compared to cefuroxime (OR: 6.253, 95% CI: 2.095–18.664, p = 0.001), suggesting that gentamicin should be avoided for PAP in RARP procedures.
Investigating the impact of severe maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on infant DNA methylation and neurodevelopment
Authors: Hill Rachel , Gibbons Andrew , Suwakulsiri Wittaya , Taseska Angela , Darke Hayley , Malhotra Atul , Yee Hnin , Fahey Michael , Hunt Rod , Lim Izaak , Palmer Kirsten , Sundram Suresh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Maternal infections during pregnancy can increase the risk to offspring of developing a neurodevelopmental disorder. Given the global prevalence and severity of infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the objective of this study was to determine if in utero exposure to severe maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection alters infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months and to identify potential biological markers of adverse infant outcomes. Mother-infant dyads exposed to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (requiring hospitalization) during pregnancy and age and sociodemographic matched control dyads were recruited from Monash Medical Centre, Australia in 2021/22 and prospectively assessed over 12 months. Maternal serum cytokine levels and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores were assessed at birth. DNA methylation was assessed from infant buccal swabs at birth (Illumina EPIC BeadChip). Infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months were assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3). Mothers exposed to severe SARS-CoV-2 exhibited elevated serum IL-6 and IL-17A and higher EPDS scores than controls at birth. Infants exposed to severe SARS-CoV-2 in utero demonstrated over 3000 significant differentially methylated sites within their genomes compared to non-exposed (adjusted p-value < 0.05), including genes highly relevant to ASD and synaptic pathways. At 12 months, severe SARS-CoV-2 exposed infants scored lower on the ASQ-3 than non-exposed infants and communication and problem-solving scores negatively correlated with maternal Il-6 levels at birth. DNA methylation changes therefore unveil potential mechanisms linking infection exposure to delayed neurodevelopment and maternal serum IL-6 levels may be a potential biomarker of child developmental delay.
Genetically Predicted Elevated Circulating 3,4-Dihydroxybutyrate Levels Mediate the Association between family. Christensenellaceae and Osteoporosis Risk: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: 侯 大龙 , 杨 杨 , wei lv 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Explore gut microbiota's impact on osteoporosis and the mediating role of blood metabolites using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR)
Methods
This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study utilized summary level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Gut microbiota GWAS data were obtained from the MiBio-Gen consortium meta-analysis (n = 13,266), while osteoporosis summary statistics were sourced from the FinnGen consortium R9 release data (7300 cases and 358,014 controls). Metabolite data, including 1400 metabolites or metabolite ratios, were derived from a study involving 8,299 unrelated individuals. The primary MR method employed was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Reverse MR analysis was conducted on bacteria causally associated with osteoporosis in forward MR. The gut microbiota with the smallest p-value was selected as the top influencing factor for subsequent mediation analysis. A two-step MR approach quantified the proportion of the blood metabolite effect on gut microbiota influencing osteoporosis. IVW and Egger methods were used to assess heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.
Results
IVW estimates indicated a suggestive effect of family.Christensenellaceae on osteoporosis (odds ratio(OR) = 1.292, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.110–1.503, P = 9.198 × 10 − 4). Reverse MR analysis revealed no significant causal effect of osteoporosis on family.Christensenellaceae (OR = 0.947, 95% CI: 0.836–1.072, P = 0.386). The proportion of the effect of family.Christensenellaceae on osteoporosis mediated by circulating levels of 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate was 9.727%. No significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected in the MR analysis.
Conclusion
A causal link exists between family.Christensenellaceae and osteoporosis, partially mediated by 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate. Further RCTs are needed to validate these findings.
Arachis mottle-associated virus, a new polerovirus infecting pinto peanut
Authors: Kauffmann Caterynne Melo , Boari Alessandra de Jesus , Silva Bruno Arcanjo , de Morais Ivair José , Cárdenas Stephanny Barreto dos Santos , Batista Amanda Moraes do Vale , Mota Helena Beatriz da Silva , Queiroz Paloma de Souza , Pantoja Késsia Fátima Cunha , De Marchi Bruno Rossitto , Assis Giselle Mariano Lessa , Krause-Sakate Renate , Nagata Tatsuya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

A new polerovirus, which was named “arachis mottle-associated virus” (ArMoV), was found by high-throughput sequencing in the Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) plant. The genome sequence was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and comprises 5775 nucleotides and seven open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted, showing a typical polerovirus genome structure. All the proteins encoded by ArMoV showed less than 90% amino acid identity with those of other poleroviruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on P1-P2 fusion protein and coat protein amino acid sequences showed that the CsCSV and tobacco polerovirus 1 were the most closely related to ArMoV, respectively. These analyses suggest that ArMoV is a new species of the genus Polerovirus and the binomial name “Polerovirus ARMOV” is proposed.
Optimized Partial Freezing Protocol Enables 10-Day Storage of Rat Livers
Authors: Ozgur Ozge Sila , Taggart McLean S. , Mojoudi Mohammedreza , Pendexter Casie , Kharga Anil , Yeh Heidi , Toner Mehmet , Longchamp Alban , Tessier Shannon N. , Uygun Korkut 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Preserving organs at subzero temperatures with halted metabolic activity holds the potential to prolong preservation and expand the donor organ pool for transplant. Our group recently introduced partial freezing, a novel approach in high-subzero storage at -15°C, enabling 5 days storage of rodent livers through precise control over ice nucleation and unfrozen fraction. However, increased vascular resistance and tissue edema suggested a need for improvements to extend viable preservation. Here, we describe an optimized partial freezing protocol with key optimizations including increased concentration of propylene glycol to reduce ice recrystallization and maintained osmotic balance through an increase in bovine serum albumin, all while minimizing sheer stress during cryoprotectant unloading with an acclimation period. These approaches ensured the viability during preservation and recovery processes, promoting liver function and ensuring optimal preservation. This was evidenced by increased oxygen consumption, decreased vascular resistance and edema. Ultimately, we show that using the optimized protocol, livers can be stored for 10 days with comparable vascular resistance and lactate levels to 5 days, outperforming the viability of time-matched cold stored livers as the current gold standard. This study represents a significant advancement in expanding organ availability through prolonged preservation and thereby revolutionizing transplant medicine.
Climate Change Scenario in Bangladesh: Historical Data Analysis and Future Projection Based on CMIP6 Model
Authors: Jihan Md. Akik Tanjil , Popy Shamsunnahar , Kayes Shafiul , Rasul Golam , Maowa Al Shafi , Rahman Md Mustafijur 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

During the last two decade, Bangladesh has been experienced a critical climatic anomalies which lead to an increment in enormity and repeat of diverse climate relate extraordinary events. Climate analysts substantiate that around the world temperature and precipitation plan is expected to change, which may result in significant influence on cultivation, work, and organic framework. Bangladesh is subsequently likely to confront critical challenges within the coming decades. In orchestrate to sufficient get it this complex, lively wonders, Analyzing chronicled Climate modify scenarios as well as anticipating its future designs may be a exceptional concern for examiner. This consider focuses to analyzes irrefutable climatic data from (1901-2020), and expect future temperature and precipitation plans in Bangladesh utilizing CMIP6 data. The data utilized in this think-around (Observed data is from CRU TS 4.05 and future data is from CMIP6) have been obtained from WorldClim v2.1. Distinctive techniques tallying relationship, relapse, standard deviation, relationship system, percentiles, cell bits of knowledge, and IDW presentation were performed to analyze the designs, changeability and spatial plans of temperature and precipitation. This think around revealed that Over the irrefutable consider period (1901-2020) Bangladesh has been experienced a vital warming drift with an normal increase in temperature 2°C and with annually decay of the in general precipitation 607.26 mm adjacent to a move towards drier conditions in show disdain toward of frail relationship with more smoking a long time. Projected climate models talks to that Bangladesh slightest temperature is expected to expand from 1°C to 4.4°C as well as most extreme temperatures from 1°C to 4.1°C by 2100. In expansion, anticipated precipitation is expected to amplify by 480.38 mm, with the most prominent rises amid storm months. Regional assortments in temperature and precipitation are once more expected, with the Southeast (SE) likely experiencing the first vital warming and the Northeast (NE) seeing the preeminent critical increase in precipitation.
Chromosome alignment relies on spindle-localized control of Cdk1 activity
Authors: Serpico Angela Flavia , Pisauro Caterina , Trano Asia , Grieco Domenico 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

During mitosis, chromosome alignment at the mitotic spindle equator grants correct chromosome segregation and proper nuclei formation in daughter cells. A central role for chromosome alignment is exerted by the kinesin 8 family member Kif18A that localizes at the kinetochore-microtubule (K-MT) plus ends where it dampens MT dynamics stabilizing K-MT attachments. Kif18A action is directly antagonized by the master mitotic kinase cyclin B-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and promoted by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Since chromosome alignment precedes Cdk1 inactivation by cyclin B proteolysis it is unclear how Kif18A evicts Cdk1 inhibition. We show here that chromosome alignment in human cells relies on a recently identified fraction of Cdk1 that is inhibited by phosphorylation in mitosis (i-Cdk1, for inhibited/inactive-Cdk1), localized at spindle structures and required for proper spindle assembly. Indeed, lowering i-Cdk1 induced several spindle defects including spindles with misaligned, bipolarly attached, chromosomes that showed poor Kif18A localization at K-MT plus ends. Both alignment defects and Kif18A localization were reversed by restoring i-Cdk1. In i-Cdk1-lowered cells, alignment defects were also significantly rescued by expressing a phosphorylation-resistant Kif18A version at Cdk1-dependent sites. Mechanistically, our evidence indicates that i-Cdk1 and active PP1 promoted spindle-localized Kif18A dephosphorylation. Given the relevance of Kif18A for survival of aneuploid cancer cells, these observations may also have relevance for cancer therapy.
On-Chip Sensing System Employing Wavelength Splitting for Noise Suppression
Authors: Shamy Raghi El , Swillam Mohamed , Li Xun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In this work, we present a novel refractive index (RI) sensing system that is capable of suppressing optical phase errors (noise). Phase errors, for instance, due to process and temperature variations, limit the detection accuracy and the limit of detection (LoD) of the sensor. The proposed system uses four loop-terminated Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (LT-MZI) to achieve wavelength splitting. LT-MZI allows us to tune the output spectrum using its directional couplers coefficients. Wavelength splitting occurs with accordance to RI change using two LT-MZIs with opposite wavelength sensitivity. By determining two independent parameters, namely the wavelength splitting and the average wavelength, the system is capable to differentiate between phase changes due to medium index change and phase changes due to any other effects (noise), which maximizes the detection accuracy. For interferometers with the same waveguide structure in both of the arms, this system can totally eliminate any optical phase errors. This wavelength splitting cannot be achieved using the conventional MZI. Another two LT-MZIs with a quarter of the length are used to double the detection range. This sensing system can be used for various chemical and biological detections using any platform and operating wavelength. Using this system, a liquid sensor based on the widespread CMOS compatible silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology and operating in the near-infrared is designed. While the SOI platform can achieve high sensitivity to medium index change and compact devices due to the high index contrast, it is also very sensitive to optical phase errors. However, our proposed system can eliminate these errors. Finite difference eigenmode (FDE) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) solvers are used to design and optimize the sensor’s performance. The sensor achieves a figure of merit (FOM) of 1233 RIU-1, corresponding to an intrinsic LoD of 8e-4, and a sensitivity as high as 7890 nm/RIU with a sensing arm length of only 500 µm, which are 3 and 2 times higher than single MZI, respectively. Finally, this sensor has a much higher detection range, 6.3 times higher than a single MZI and is able to suppress optical noise.
Photoinduced Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Two Electron-deficient Olefins: Synthesis of Lucidumone
Authors: Hu Anhua , Xu Zhezhe , Peng Weibo , Huang Jiarui , Shen Jinhui , Guo Jing-jing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Electronically mismatched Diels−Alder reaction between two electron-deficient components is synthetically useful and yet underdeveloped under thermal conditions. Herein, a photoinduced formal [4+2] cycloaddition of enone with a variety of electron-deficient dienes is described. Key to the success of this stepwise methodology relies on a C−C bond cleavage/rearrangement of the cyclobutane based overbred intermediate via diversified mechanistic pathways. Based on this annulation method, total synthesis of lucidumone is achieved in five steps.
Population Structure and Genetic Relationships among Nigerian Ethnic Groups (Ibibio, Igbo, Hausa, Tiv and Yoruba) Based on Nine Short Tandem Repeat Loci
Authors: Akpan Utom-Obong U. , Amusa Oluwafemi D. , Adebesin Olumide A. , Onaja Peter , Udoh Kudighe , Garba Nura , Okpuzor Joy , Adekoya Khalid O. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The genetic relationships between populations can be detected with the use of genetic markers. This study investigated the genetic relationships between five Nigerian populations of Igbo, Ibibio, Yoruba, Tiv and Hausa origin using nine short tandem repeat markers. The nine loci and the sex-typing marker amelogenin were combined into multiplex assays and tested by PCR followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on 50 individuals per population. The study revealed that four (4) of the nine (9) loci had FST values between 0.001 and 0.500 in the five populations, indicating that population substructure had almost disappeared in the pooled population. The molecular variance (AMOVA) for the pooled population revealed a variance of 3.850 for individuals and a variance of 0.0004 for among populations. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed four heterogeneous clusters. The total variation explained by the first three axes of the PCA was 32.86%. All the populations had a pairwise population matrix of Nei genetic identity greater than 0.895 based on these loci. Both the pairwise population matrix and a dendrogram constructed based on the allele frequencies of these loci indicated that the Igbo and Yoruba ethnic groups had the highest genetic similarity (0.993) among the evaluated populations. The pairwise population matrix of Nei genetic distance showed that Igbo and Tiv and Igbo and Ibibio had genetic distances of 0.14 and 0.15, respectively, which were the greatest for all pairs of the five populations.